bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Application of Biopolymers as Biodegradable Plastic
Authors: Singh Sudarshan , Chunglok Warangkana
Published: September 2022

Today, on average, we produce yearly about 300 million tons of plastic waste, equivalent to the entire human population weight around the globe. The singleuse plastics and plastic products are produced using high molecular weight polymers in combination with additives that could not be completely reprocessed. So far, only 9% of overall plastic waste produced has been recycled and around 12% has been incinerated while the remaining 79% has been accumulated as debris in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Biodegradability and recycling of plastics depend on various physicochemical properties including molecular weight, hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces, and electrostatic forces. Moreover, biodegradability depends on macromolecular chain distresses that not only affect polymer aggregates but also affect the structural and functional properties of plastic products. However, due to unlimited production and utility with distressing effects on the environment, it is deemed necessary to replace such non-biodegradable polymers used in the fabrication of plastics with biodegradable polymers. The use of biodegradable polymers in the fabrication of plastic products is a creative way to resolve the plastic disposal problem. In this chapter, a brief overview has been presented on the fabrication of biodegradable plastic using biopolymers to reduce its detrimental effects on the environment.
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Pharmaceutical Excipients
Authors: Singh Sudarshan , Chunglok Warangkana
Published: September 2022

Progress, innovation, and development of new chemical entities fetched new defies in the drug delivery arena, and also put forward several issues including bioavailability with intestinal metabolism or efflux mechanism. However, some excipients such as surfactants have demonstrated improvement in drug bioavailability. Thus, these excipients can no longer be considered inert and require attention from a pharmaceutical regulatory perception. Biopolymers and their derivatives are gaining attention in pharmaceutical manufacturing due to their biodegradability and compatibility. However, based on the Food and Drug and Administration (FDA) guidelines, the manufacturers are required to evaluate their pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Several methods including Rule-of-Five and Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) are used for early pharmacokinetic prediction of active and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients. Although polymers differ from therapeutic agents, similar methods can be smeared for the understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile of bio-based pharmaceutical excipients. This chapter explores pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics information of biopolymers used in the design, and development of several pharmaceutical formulations.
Development of cooling condensor shell and tube with cooling tower on the distillation equipment for the making of RHUM beverages
Authors: Sudana I Made , Waisnawa I Gede Nyoman Suta , Rajendra I Made
Published: September 2022

Distillation is a method of separating chemicals based on differences in the speed or ease of evaporation (volatility) of the material in distillation, the mixture of substances is boiled so that it evaporates, and this vapor is then cooled back into the form of a liquid. The condenser is a heat exchanger that functions as a medium for the condensation process. Cooling towers are able to lower the water temperature more than equipment that only uses air to dissipate heat. This study aims to observe the temperature of the shell and tube condenser with a cooling tower system on the alcohol content produced in the distillation apparatus. Experimental research method is testing the cooling tower cooling system on the shell and tube condenser for the distillation of rum drinks. The results of the development of a condenser cooling system distillation device with a cooling tower have an average temperature of Tu in 81.3°C and Tu out 41.0ºC in the condenser, the average water flow rate is 46 liters per minute. Meanwhile, the cooling water in the cooling tower has an average temperature of Tw in water 46.6°C and Tw out water 47.5°C.
Pengaruh Berbagai Media Tanam dan Kapasitas Lapang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Aldiansyah Mochammad Kiki , Hariyono Didik
Published: September 2022

Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang penting dan banyak diminati oleh konsumen. Buah melon sangat disukai karena memiliki daging buah yang berair, manis, dan menyegarkan. Permasalahan mengenai kondisi tanah yang tidak sesuai merupakan salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi komoditas pertanian. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan komposisi media tanam yang tepat dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Selain itu, air menjadi faktor penting dalam pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari interaksi antara perlakuan media tanam dan kapasitas lapang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman melon. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dalam rumah kaca di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan dengan waktu pelaksanaanÂ Januari-MaretÂ 2020. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Rancangan AcakÂ KelompokÂ (Faktorial). Berdasarkan faktor perlakuan tersebut didapatkan 9 perlakuan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pengamatan non destruktif yaitu panjang tanaman dan jumlah daun. Sedangkan variabel pengamatan panen meliputi, bobot buah per buah, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, panjang akar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) dengan taraf 5%. apabila terjadi pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa tanaman melon yang dilakukan perlakuan 75% kapasitas lapang memberikan nilai yang lebih tinggi pada jumlah daun tanaman-1, panjang tanaman, berat segar total tanaman, berat kering total tanaman dan panjang akar dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 50% dan 100% kapasitas lapang.
Respon Tiga Varietas Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.) Akibat Pemberian Berbagai Macam Biochar
Authors: Barasa Roynaldo , Gutama Wisynu Ari , Barunawati Nunun
Published: September 2022

Produksi kedelai (Glycine max L.) Â di Indonesia masih belum dapat memenuhi tingkat konsumsi, yang menyebabkan Indonesia semakin bergantung terhadap kegiatan impor. Rendahnya produktivitas kedelai dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesuburan tanah yang mengakibatkan penurunan hasil dari kedelai Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian berbagai macam biochar terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktorial yang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Terdapat dua faktor sebagai perlakuan yaitu macam biochar (B1, B2, B3) dan macam varietas (V1, V2, V3). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat interaksi antara jenis biochar dan varietas dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil pada tanaman kedelai terdapat pada jenis biochar berupa tongkol jagung dan varietas anjasmoro yang terlihat berbeda nyata dengan penggunaan biochar dan varietas lainnya pada beberapa indikator berupa pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kemudian pada aspek panen diketahui terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada indikator jumlah polong total per tanaman, jumlah polong isi per tanaman, bobot polong, bobot 100 biji dan hasil panen per hektar.
New Age Vaccines: Technologies in Developing Vaccine Candidates for RNA Virus Diseases
Authors: Pattnaik Bramhadev
Published: September 2022

Vertebrate RNA viruses cause most of the infectious, contagious, transboundary diseases of mammalians in the world. Since 2000, H5N1 avian flu, H1N1/H1N2 Swine flu, SARS, MERS, CCHF, and Covid-19 have caused outbreaks. In addition, rabies, HIV, measles, viral hepatitis, respiratory viruses, dengue, in human beings, and FMD in cattle, PPR in goat, Bluetongue in sheep, infectious bronchitis and PRRS in pigs, are prevalent and endemic in different countries since many years. Whole virus inactivated and live attenuated vaccines including non-pathogenic mutants have been successful in control and eradication of many viral diseases of man and animals. The advancements in molecular virology, non-replicating designer virus vectors of adenovirus and Poxvirus origins, and replicating designer virus vectors derived from vesicular stomatitis virus are being used to deliver immunogenic genes of other viruses to confer protection. RNA vaccine in the form of nucleoside modified mRNA has been successful in control of Covid-19. Single cycle replicon (SCR) virus construct with target transgene, and codon-pair bias deoptimized (CPD) virus have been promising vaccine platforms; both mutants are live attenuated and non-transmissive between host cells. Antigenic spectrum of CPD-virus is as wide as virus attenuated by serial passage in experimental hosts, and is very quick to develop. The technique of synthetic attenuated virus engineering has been faster in developing new age viral vaccines, and also faster to update to match antigenic diversity. This review describes applications of CPD, SAM and SCR technologies in developing vaccine candidates for RNA virus diseases.
On the Diversity and Biogeography of Haloalkaliphilic Bacterial Communities Producing Alkaliphilic Protease
Authors: Varia Ami D.
Published: September 2022

Haloalkaliphilic bacteria are a specific group of bacteria known to us. The diversity of microorganisms is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem as there is the need to maintain ecological process such as decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, soil aggregation and control of pathogens within the ecosystem. Microbial diversity as an indicator of the quality of agroecosystems has been widely debated, In the present study various saline soil samples collected from Bhavnagar and Uncha Kotda, Gujarat, India. The collected five samples were analysed for diversity study of soil sample for physicochemical analysis like pH, redox potential, conductivity, humidity, salinity and soil analysis for total nitrogen and organic carbon analysis also. Total 55 haloalkaliphilic bacterial morphotypes were isolated and screened for alkaline protease production on halophilic agar medium. Out of them 76.4% gram positive bacilli, 21.8% gram positive cocci and 0.0002% were gram negative short rods. From total 55 morphotypes 33% were different morphotypes, 8% were zone of casein producer, and 16% of them were pigment producing morphotypes. All the pigmented colony producer morphotypes showed growth of orange, yellow, red, light pink and light-yellow colonies on 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% NaCl containing medium. Dominantly bacilli were found in all five samples. Diversity indices for metabolic characterization studies like Shannon-weiner index (H’), Richness, Evenness, Cho-1, Simpson’s index and Good’s coverage were calculated based on the site wise obtained different morphotypes. Phenotypic characteristics were studied. The secondary screening and tertiary screening were done on the basis of REA and different NaCl concentration accordingly. Identification of all haloalkaliphilic protease producers were confirmed by 16S r-RNA identification.
Uji Perbandingan Kegiatan Laboratorium berbasis IoT dengan Virtual Laboratory pada Materi Periode Bandul dengan HOTLAB
Authors: Ramadiani Syifa , Silvianti Novia , Putra Riki Purnama , Agustina Rena Denya
Published: September 2022

Kegiatan laboratorium adalah suatu kegiatan yang sangat penting dalam dunia pendidikan, dimana kegiatan laboratorium bertujuan untuk mengkonstruki kerangka berpikir melalui eksperimen-eksperimen yang eksploratif. Pendidikan pada abad 21 harus mencakup 4C skills yang disebut juga sebagai kemampuan masa depan. Kerangka 4C skills akan dirasakan oleh para praktikan melalui kegiatan laboratorium yang dipadukan dengan HOT-LAB. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menguji perbandingan dari hasil analisis data percobaan dengan Data Analytics dan Graphic Analytics. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan selisih yang tidak signifikan relatif terhadap nilai ralat, dengan hasil perhitungan ralat pada bandul 0,20m (0,9577±0,0005 s), bandul 0,25m (1,047±0,002 s), dan bandul 0,30m (1,099±0,003 s). Adapun perbandingan antara IoT dengan Virtual Lab mendapatkan nilai 0,025% pada panjang tali 0,20 m; 0,004% pada panjang tali 0,25 m; 0,04% pada panjang tali 0,30 m. Data tersebut menunjukkan kenaikan grafik dan rasio perbandingan pada percobaan pun relatif sama meskipun nilai yang dihasilkan berbeda sedikit.
Self-consciousness features of persons with gender identity disorder
Authors: Malygin V. L. , Kutukova E. A. , Iskandirova A. S. , Pahtusova E. E. , Merkurieva Y. A. , Malygin Y. V.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: to study the formed images of sexual self-consciousness in persons who applied for permission to change their sex. Materials and methods: 80 people were examined, 40 of whom applied for permission to change their sex (20 people male and 20 people of the female biological sex). The comparison group — 20 men and 20 women, whose gender identity coincides with the biological sex. Methods — Sandra Bem's BSRI (Bem Sex-Role Inventory) test, V.V. Stolin's self-attitude questionnaire, O.L. Kustovoi's questionnaire. Results: it has been established that in the group of transsexuals with a female biological sex, images of a man and a woman are clearly distinguished, the self-image is closer to the desired image of a man, while the image of a woman is less achievable. The group of male transsexuals is closer to the image of the “Ideal Man” than to the image of the “Ideal Woman”. The key features that correspond to their self-determination as women are revealed: passivity, dependence on others, compromise, gullibility. According to the self-perception of all 4 groups, the “Ideal Woman” is happier than the “Ideal Man”. In the transsexuals’ group of male biological sex, were found no differences with the indicators of conditionally healthy groups of both sexes in the parameter “Love for children”, in contrast to the group of female transsexuals of the biological sex. Male transsexuals are looking for a radically new way to meet their needs without judgment from society. Summary: the indicators of self-relationship in the comparison groups are higher than in the groups of persons striving for a sex change.
Personalized character of transgender medicine as a barrier to development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on gender incongruence
Authors: Kirey-Sitnikova Ya.
Published: September 2022

Gender transition medical procedures are effective in alleviating gender disphoria. However, their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. Hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) and surgeries modify sex characteristics. According to the biomedical model, perception of one's own sex characteristics is the primary contributor to gender dysphoria. Perception of the person in the wrong gender by others and/or their negative reaction is another (and less explored) mechanism leading to gender dysphoria. In order to conduct high-quality epidemiological studies, it is vital to take into consideration and measure intermediate outcomes, such as the degree of feminization/masculinization and the person's perceived gender. Sex characteristics are measurable, so it is possible to develop a feminization/masculinization scale. However, the task is complicated by the fact that various sex characteristics contribute unequally to the person's perceived gender, for which reason they should enter the scale with different coefficients. While such coefficients might be derived from controlled experiments, gender attibution in the real world depends on innumerable social factors. Reaction by others on the person's perceived gender is an additional factor affecting social gender dysphoria. Determining biological factors affecting the effectiveness of HRT in feminization and masculinization is a separate problem.
An Internet-Based Education Program for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Female College Students in Mainland China: Application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model in a Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Si Mingyu , Su Xiaoyou , Jiang Yu , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Xi , Gu Xiaofen , Ma Li , Li Jing , Zhang Shaokai , Ren Zefang , Liu Yuanli , Qiao Youlin
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in the last 2 decades were mainly young females. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is the most radical way to prevent HPV infection and cervical cancer. However, most female college students in mainland China have not yet been vaccinated, and their relevant knowledge is limited. Theory-based education delivered via the internet is a potentially accessible and useful way to promote HPV vaccination among this population.

Objective

This 3-month follow-up study intended to identify the feasibility and efficacy of an information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model–based online intervention for promoting awareness and willingness regarding HPV vaccination among female college students.

Methods

A 7-day online HPV education program for female college students in mainland China was developed using a cluster randomized trial design. Recruitment and questionnaire surveys were performed online without face-to-face contact. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. The chi-square test and t test were used to compare differences in qualitative and continuous variables between intervention and control groups. The generalized estimating equation was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention with a consideration of the time factor.

Results

Among 3867 participants, 102 had been vaccinated against HPV before the study (vaccination rate of 2.6%). A total of 3484 participants were followed up after the baseline survey, with no statistical difference in the loss rate between the intervention and control groups during the intervention and follow-up periods. At different follow-up time points, HPV-related knowledge, and the motivation, behavioral skills, and willingness regarding HPV vaccination were higher in the intervention group than in the control group. HPV-related knowledge was statistically different between the 2 groups, while the motivation, behavioral skills, and willingness regarding HPV vaccination only showed statistical differences right after the intervention, reaching a peak right after the intervention and then gradually reducing over time. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the HPV vaccination rate between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

IMB model–based online education could be a promising way to increase the HPV vaccination rate and reduce the burden of HPV infection and cervical cancer among high-risk female college students in China.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900025476; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx? proj=42672

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-DOI:10.1186/s12889-019-7903-x
Applications of Federated Learning in Mobile Health: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Tongnian , Du Yan , Gong Yanmin , Choo Kim-Kwang Raymond , Guo Yuanxiong
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The proliferation of mobile health (mHealth) applications is partly driven by the advancements in sensing and communication technologies, as well as the integration of artificial intelligence techniques. Data collected from mHealth applications, for example, on sensor devices carried by patients, can be mined and analyzed using artificial intelligence–based solutions to facilitate remote and (near) real-time decision-making in health care settings. However, such data often sit in data silos, and patients are often concerned about the privacy implications of sharing their raw data. Federated learning (FL) is a potential solution, as it allows multiple data owners to collaboratively train a machine learning model without requiring access to each other’s raw data.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this scoping review is to gain an understanding of FL and its potential in dealing with sensitive and heterogeneous data in mHealth applications. Through this review, various stakeholders, such as health care providers, practitioners, and policy makers, can gain insight into the limitations and challenges associated with using FL in mHealth and make informed decisions when considering implementing FL-based solutions.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review following the guidelines of PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). We searched 7 commonly used databases. The included studies were analyzed and summarized to identify the possible real-world applications and associated challenges of using FL in mHealth settings.

RESULTS

A total of 1095 articles were retrieved during the database search, and 26 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The analysis of these articles revealed 2 main application areas for FL in mHealth, that is, remote monitoring and diagnostic and treatment support. More specifically, FL was found to be commonly used for monitoring self-care ability, health status, and disease progression, as well as in diagnosis and treatment support of diseases. The review also identified several challenges (eg, expensive communication, statistical heterogeneity, and system heterogeneity) and potential solutions (eg, compression schemes, model personalization, and active sampling).

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review has highlighted the potential of FL as a privacy-preserving approach in mHealth applications and identified the technical limitations associated with its use. The challenges and opportunities outlined in this review can inform the research agenda for future studies in this field, to overcome these limitations and further advance the use of FL in mHealth.

CLINICALTRIAL
The Employment of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Bovine Gelatin in Gummy Candy
Authors: Salamah Nina , Erwanto Yuny , Martono Sudibyo , Rohman Abdul
Published: September 2022

Gelatin is a hydrocolloid widely used in food products, especially soft candy. It contains essential amino acids - except tryptophan - which is easily digested, not toxic, can form a flexible and robust film layer to produce the right product. However, as a Muslim, it must ensure that what is consumed is halal, from bovine gelatin. The purpose of this study was to identify bovine gelatin in soft candy products using specific primers with real-time PCR methods. The specific DNA primer design is done with PRIMERQUEST and NCBI software and subjected to primer-basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Analysis for the primer specificity was performed on fresh tissue (cows, pigs, dogs, chickens, goats, and rats) and gelatin sources (beef and pork). RT-PCR method using primer mitochondrial Cytochrome B gene was applied to analyze candies purchased from the market. The method is expected to be specific, sensitive, and reliable for analyzing bovine DNA in candy products. Amplification was also performed on soft candy reference from bovine gelatin. A sensitivity test was performed by measuring amplification at six dilution series (10000, 5000, 1000, 500, 50, and 10 pg) on bovine gelatin candies. The results show that the real-time PCR with primer mitochondrial cytochrome-B gene specifically able to identify the presence of bovine DNA in fresh tissue and gelatin sources at optimum annealing temperature 55,2°C. The limit of detection of porcine DNA was 500 pg. The standard curve of the serial dilution of the bovine gelatin DNA isolate produces a correlation coefficient R-value of 0.992 and an efficiency value (E) of 93.1%. Four products from the market were examined by using the primer showed three bovine DNA was detected. Real-time PCR using cytochrome-B DNA bovine primer (forward: ACTAGCCCTAGCCTTCTCTATC; reverse TGTCAGTAGGTCTGCTACTAGG) can be used for the Analysis of halal soft candy.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Begonia Medicinalis Ethanolic Extract in Experimental Animals
Authors: Zubair Muhammad Sulaiman , Syamsidi Armini , Ihwan  , Sulastri Evi , Idris  , Rahman Arif , Widyasari Novia , Pakaya David
Published: September 2022

Benalu batu (B. medicinalis) is a plant endemic to Central Sulawesi that has been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. The mechanism of action of these activities is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect of ethanol extract of B. medicinalis on an in vivo model by measuring the macrophage phagocytotic activity and cytokine production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on male mice and rats, respectively. The extract was obtained by the maceration method for 3 × 24 h using 70% ethanol. The doses of the extract were 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg body weight (bw). The percentage of macrophage phagocytosis and the TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were measured on the eighth day, one hour after intraperitoneal injection of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The result showed that ethanol extract of B. medicinalis activated macrophage phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner, with a significant increase in cytokine expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ. The optimal dose was 240 mg/kg bw, with a higher percentage of phagocytic activity and higher levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ than Stimuno® as a positive control and other dosage treatments. This study suggests that B. medicinalis ethanol extract has the effect of an immunomodulator and provides a scientific basis for traditional usage of this herb plant.
Curcumin Analogues as Novel Anti-Alzheimer's Candidates: Synthesis Development Strategy, In Vitro, Cell-Based and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Anas Yance , Ratna Asmah Susidarti  , Nunung Yuniarti  , Ronny Martien
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness that causes a wide range of cognitive symptoms linked to amyloid plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, and neuron death in the whole brain. Curcumin has shown promising efficacy in preclinical studies for AD treatment. However, it failed to exhibit expected clinical outcomes in clinical studies. Besides, this molecule has low stability, solubility, and bioavailability properties. Hence, scientists have synthesized several curcumin analogues to improve their bioavailability and biological activity. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the development of curcumin analogue synthesis published in 2016-2021 and its efficacy that reveals its effect as an anti-Alzheimer's candidate through in vitro, cell-based and in vivo studies. Pubmed and Scopus database search engine with the keywords "curcumin" AND "analogues" OR "analogs" AND "Alzheimer's" were used to find the relevant studies. In our review, we include sixteen eligible journal articles to discuss. Fifteen curcumin analogues exhibited promise efficacy in preclinical studies and are suitable for development as anti-Alzheimer's candidates. Further study should explore to confirm the curcumin analogues toxicity, develop an appropriate dosage form, and initiate clinical trials.
Characterization of Spray Dried Extract Katuk (Sauropus androgynus)
Authors: Yunita Oeke , Nuniek Winantari Agnes , Permana Sugiarto Ricky , Sutanto Prayitna Gunawan , Hwa Lie
Published: September 2022

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) leaves have been traditionally used in Indonesia for increasing human breast milk production. In the previous research, katuk leaves have high moisture content, therefore katuk leaves extract were being prepared as spray dried S. androgynus extract. The freeze dried leaves were extracted with ultrasonic assisted extraction method using ethanol 80% as a solvent. Then, katuk extract was dried with spray drying method using maltodextrin as a drying aid. To improve the physical characteristics of this extract, it was mixed with mannitol, spray dried lactose, and crospovidone into S. androgynus extract powder. The results showed better physical characteristics, especially on moisture content and flow properties of powders. Metabolic profiles of all samples were analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry method, while the dried extract was dissolved in a suitable solvent and then spotted on GF254 and the plate was developed using a mixture of n-butanol:acetic acid:water (60:22:1.2). Based on TLC profiles, there are three different spots can be seen clearly at 366 nm on chromatogram of S. androgynus leaves, freeze dried leaves, spray dried leaves extract, and leaves extract powder. There is one spot (S3) at Rf 0.80 which is a stable chemical compound that is not affected by all factors in the entire process in S. androgynus extract powder formulations from extraction, drying, to formulation.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MRC-SC MACRODIVERSITY RECEPTION OVER GENERALIZED FADING CHANNELS
Authors: Milošević Nenad , Milić Dejan , Milović Daniela , Anastasov Jelena
Published: September 2022

This paper shows a detailed statistical characterization of a specific system configuration consisting of one multibranch maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) and one selection-combining (SC) micro-level base station, and SC back processing unit at macro level. Primarily, the scenario of the independent and identically distributed generalized-K fading channels is investigated. After that, the correlated branches at SC-based micro-level are assumed. The outage probability and the error probability performance for both cases are defined. According to the presented analytical analysis, numerical results are obtained. Also, the impact of the number of MRC and SC input branches, the impact of the fading/shadowing factor, the predefined outage threshold, the average signal-to-noise ratios and the correlation coefficient on the specified system performance is shown. Simulations validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical analysis.
NOVEL EXPONENTIAL TYPE APPROXIMATIONS OF THE Q-FUNCTION
Authors: Nikolić Jelena , Perić Zoran
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we propose several solutions for approximating the Q-function using one exponential function or the sum of two exponential functions. As the novel Q-function approximations have simple analytical forms and are therefore very suitable for further derivation of expressions in closed forms, a large number of applications are feasible. The application of the novel exponential type approximations of the Q-function is especially important for overcoming issues arising in designing scalar companding quantizers for the Gaussian source, which are caused by the non-existence of a closed form expression for the Q-function. Since our approximations of the Q-function have simple analytical forms and are more accurate than the approximations of the Q-function previously used for the observed problem in the scalar companding quantization of the Gaussian source, their application, especially for this problem is of great importance.
"SOMETHING OUT OF HARMONY": REPRESENTATION OF NATURE IN TO THE LIGHTHOUSE
Authors: Tučev Nataša
Published: September 2022

The paper approaches Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse by viewing it as an example of a changed representation of nature which characterizes Modernist fiction in general. This representation is in stark contrast to the Romantic experience and the notion of the poet's communion with the natural world as one of the essential Romantic tropes. The general sentiment which the Modernist authors express in their works is that nature has lost a great deal of its healing potential due to the industrial developments of the modern era, and the devastation brought about by the First World War. This motif is especially stressed in the middle section of Woolf's novel, titled "Time Passes". Wolf's text conveys an experience of the natural world which is no longer empathetic, but marginalizing and diminishing individual human agency. Such representation implies that nature can no longer console the human spirit, or compensate for the dehumanizing practices of late industrial capitalism. This is why Woolf's vision finally turns to art itself, as the only realm where such compensation may still be found. In analysing these motifs, the paper relies on Randall Stevenson's studies Modernist Fiction (1992) and Literature and the Great War (2013).
A WEB OF CRIMES, ROUTINE ACTIVITY THEORY AND THE DEEPENING SCOURGE OF ARMED BANDITRY IN NIGERIA
Authors: Akinyetun Tope Shola , Bakare Kola
Published: September 2022

The incidence of banditry in Nigeria has assumed an unprecedented mien which constitutes a major bane to the hitherto troubled security in the country. The phenomenon has created a multi-pronged security challenge that has amplified the spate of destruction of life and property and displacement. Meanwhile, inchoate and nascent erudition is still associated with the incidence of banditry in Nigeria. Thus, this study attempts to satiate this lacuna by annotating the incidence from the Routine Activity Theory standpoint. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical armchair analysis which relies on a secondary source of data. The study found out that the menace of banditry is prevalent in Nigeria, particularly in the Northwest. Some of the methods favoured by bandits include armed robbery, cattle rustling, arson, sexual violence, kidnapping, raiding villages and schools, looting, stealing livestock and gruesome killing. The incidence is attributable to the conflicts between farmers and herders for scarce resources, the influx of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) into Nigeria, an overwhelmed, weak and understaffed security apparatus, illegal mining, slow response and poor engagement of the Nigerian government, and a vast ungoverned forest territory. To adequately address the incidence of banditry in Nigeria, the study recommends a prevention strategy that focuses on the three major areas identified by the Routine Activity Theory: the motivated offender, the suitable target, and the absence of guardianship
MULTI-SCALE NUMERICAL APPROACH TO THE POLYMER FILLING PROCESS IN THE WELD LINE REGION
Authors: Li Xuejuan , Wang Dan , Saeed Tareq
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a multi-scale coupling mathematical model is suggested for simulating the polymer filling process in the weld line region on a micro scale. The model considers two aspects: one is the coupling model based on stresses in the whole cavity region; the other is the multi-scale coupling model of continuum mechanics (CM) and the molecular dynamics (MD) in a weldline region. A weak variational formulation is constructed for the finite element method (FEM), which is coupled with the Verlet algorithm based on the domain decomposition technique. Meanwhile, an overlap region is designed so that the FEM and the MD simulations are consistent with each other. The molecular backbone orientation of the whole cavity is illustrated and the position of the weld line is determined by the characteristics of the molecular backbone orientation. Finally, the properties of the polymer chain in the weld line region are studied conformationally and dynamically. The conformational changes and movement process elucidate that the polymer chains undertake stretching, entangling and orientating. Moreover, the effect of the number of chains and melt temperature on the spatial properties of chain conformation are investigated.
APPLICATION OF FUZZY METRIC ON MANIFOLDS
Authors: Hamidi Mohammad , Arani Mahdi Molaei
Published: September 2022

The relation between of fuzzy subsets and classical mathematics is fundamental to extend of new approchs in applied mathematics. This paper, applies the concept of fuzzy metric on construction of fuzzy Hausdorff space and fuzzy manifold space. Based on these concepts, we present a concept of fuzzy metric Hausdorff spaces and fuzzy metric manifold spaces. This study, extends the concept of fuzzy metric space to union and product of fuzzy metric spaces and in this regard investigates the some product of fuzzy metric fuzzy manifold spaces. Valued-level subsets play the main role in the connection of the notation of manifolds and fuzzy metrics.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY I-CONVERGENT DIFFERENCE SEQUENCE SPACES DEFINED BY COMPACT OPERATOR
Authors: Kamber Esra
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we introduce and study the intuitionistic fuzzy $I$-convergent difference sequence spaces  ${I}^{(\mu,\upsilon)}(T,\Delta)$ and  ${I^{0}}^{(\mu,\upsilon)}(T,\Delta)$ using by compact operator. Also we introducce a new concept, called closed ball in these spaces. By the helping of these notions, we establish a new topological space and investigate some topological properties in intuitionistic fuzzy $I$-convergent difference sequence spaces  ${I}^{(\mu,\upsilon)}(T,\Delta)$ and  ${I^{0}}^{(\mu,\upsilon)}(T,\Delta)$ using by compact operator.
ON ESTIMATES FOR THE GENERALIZED DUNKL TRANSFORM AND TITCHMARSH'S THEOREM IN THE SPACE $L^{p}_{\alpha,Q}(\mathbb{R}), (1
\frac{-1}{2}$, as applied to some classes of functions characterized by a generalized modulus of continuity and we extend two interesting E.C. Titchmarsh's theorems with the higher order at same space.
A NEW NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING FRACTIONAL NEW NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN THE SENSE OF CAPUTO-FABRIZIO DERIVATIVE
Authors: Moghadam Dizaj Herik Leila , Javidi Mohammad , Shafiee Mahmoud
Published: September 2022

In this paper, fractional differential equations in the sense of Caputo-Fabrizio derivative are transformed into integral equations. Then a high order numerical method for the integral equation is investigated by approximating the integrand with a piece-wise quadratic interpolant. The scheme is capable of handling both linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations. A detailed error analysis and stability region of the numerical scheme is rigorously established.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF NORMAL AND BINORMAL SURFACES IN G3
Authors: Yoon Dae Won , Kucukarslan yuzbasi Zuhal
Published: September 2022

In this paper, our aim is to give surfaces in the Galilean 3-space G3 with the property that there exist four geodesics through each point such that every surface built with the normal lines and the binormal lines along these geodesics is a surface with a minimal surface and a constant negative Gaussian curvature. We show that should be an isoparametric surface in G3: A plane or a circular hyperboloid.
EXISTENCE AND ULAM STABILITY OF SOLUTIONS FOR NONLINEAR CAPUTO-HADAMARD FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS INVOLVING TWO FRACTIONAL ORDERS
Authors: Saadi Abdelkader , Houas Mohamed
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we study existence, uniqueness and Ulam-Hyers stability of solutions for integro-differential equations involving two fractional orders. By using Banach's fixed point theorem, we obtain some sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solution for the mentioned problem. Furthermore, we derive the Ulam-Hyers stability and the generalized Ulam-Hyers stability of solution. At the end, an illustrative example is discussed.
SOLUTIONS FOR THE FRACTIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DIFFUSION PROCESS
Authors: Çetinkaya Süleyman , Bayrak Mine Aylin , Demir Ali , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: September 2022

In this research we present two new approaches with Laplace transformation to form the truncated solution of space-time fractional differential equations (STFDE) with mixed boundary conditions. Since order of the fractional derivative of time derivative is taken between zero and one we have a sub-diffusive differential equation. First, we reduce STFDE into either a time or a space fractional differential equation which are easier to deal with. At the second step the Laplace transformation is applied to the reduced problem to obtain truncated solution. At the final step using the inverse transformations, we get the truncated solution of the problem we consider it. Presented examples illustrate the applicability and power of the approaches, used in this study.
GENERALIZED (ψ, θ, ϕ)-CONTRACTION WITH APPLICATION TO ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Handa Amrish
Published: September 2022

We prove a unique common fixed point theorem and some coupled fixed point results satisfying generalized (ψ, θ, ϕ)-contraction on partially ordered metric spaces. With the help of results established in the first segment, we investigate the solution of periodic boundary value problems as an application. Our results improve, generalize and sharpen various well known results in the literature.
SOME ROUGH HAUSDORFF LIMIT LAWS FOR SEQUENCES OF SETS
Authors: Ölmez Öznur , Albayrak Hüseyin , Aytar Salih
Published: September 2022

In this study, we observe the change of roughness degree for the rough Hausdorff convergence of a sequence consisting of the product of a sequence of sets and a sequence of real numbers. Then we prove that the rough Hausdorff convergence is preserved under the operators of addition, union, Cartesian product and convex hull.
CERTAIN RESULTS ON $\eta$-RICCI SOLITIONS AND ALMOST $\eta$-RICCI SOLITONS
Authors: Dey Santu , Azami Shahroud
Published: September 2022

We prove that if an $\eta$-Einstein para-Kenmotsu manifold admits a $\eta$-Ricci soliton then it is Einstein. Next, we proved that a para-Kenmotsu metric as a $\eta$-Ricci soliton is Einstein if its potential vector field $V$ is infinitesimal paracontact transformation or collinear with the Reeb vector field. Further, we prove that if a para-Kenmotsu manifold admits a gradient almost $\eta$-Ricci soliton and the Reeb vector field leaves the scalar curvature invariant then it is Einstein. We also construct an example of para-Kenmotsu manifold that admits $\eta$-Ricci soliton and satisfy our results. We also have studied $\eta$-Ricci soliton in 3-dimensional normal almost paracontact metric manifolds and we show that if in a 3-dimensional normal almost paracontact metric manifold with $\alpha, \beta $ = constant, the metric is $\eta$-Ricci soliton, where potential vector ﬁeld $V$ is collinear with the characteristic vector ﬁeld $\xi$, then the manifold is $\eta$-Einstein manifold.
SOME CHARACTERIZATIONS OF α-COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS ADMITTING ∗-CONFORMAL RICCI SOLITIONS
Authors: Das Subrata Kumar , Sarkar Avijit
Published: September 2022

The object of the present paper is to give some characterizations of α-cosymplectic manifolds admitting ∗-conformal Ricci solitons. Such manifolds with gradient ∗-conformal Ricci solitons have also been considered
ADDITIVE PROPERTIES OF THE DRAZIN INVERSE FOR MATRICES AND BLOCK REPRESENTATIONS: A SURVEY
Authors: Višnjić Jelena
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a review of a development of the Drazin inverse for the sum of two matrices has been given. Since this topic is closely related to the problem of finding the Drazin inverse of a 2x2 block matrix, the paper also offers a survey of this subject.
EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON BODY COMPOSITION AND MOTOR SKILLS IN FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Stanković Mima , Đorđević Stefan , Lilić Ana , Hadžović Miljan
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to determine the impact of plyometric training programs of short duration (6 weeks) and high frequency (3 times a week) on the motor skills and body composition of female football players. The total number of participants was 24 female football players, four of whom were excluded due to absence from the final testing (mean value of height 167.53 ± 6.09; and mean value of weight 58.32 ± 8.87). The sample of variables used in the study, to which all the participants were subjected, represents the assessment of body composition, explosive power of the lower extremities, speed, agility, and endurance assessment. The results of the research showed that the six-week program of specific plyometric training for Serbian Super League football players in the basic preparatory period of the season did not affect statistically significant changes in the monitored body composition parameters. Also, the statistically significant changes did not occur in the parameters of explosive power and speed, which was expected according to the age category and level of competition of the participants, which was confirmed by previous research. The changes that occurred with high statistical significance are changes in agility tests with and without a ball as well as in the parameters of cardiorespiratory endurance.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Purenović-Ivanović Tijana , Stojanović Stefan , Veličković Verica , Živković Danijela , Đošić Anđela
Published: September 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, and occur as a result of many risk factors (obesity, high blood pressure, inadequate physical activity, hyperlipoproteinemia, inadequate diet and an unhealthy lifestyle). Given that in young adults most of these risk factors tend to remain at the same level or to even increase with age, especially after the second or third decade of life. This means that if young adults are in the at-risk group in terms of cardiovascular diseases, they usually stay in that group in later life. The research problem is to examine the strength and significance of possible linear correlations of certain cardiovascular risk factors in 53 physically active female university students (PE students), aged 19 to 25 years, as well as to examine possible differences between those with different lengths of sports experience (ranging from 0 to 5, 6 to 10 and 11 to 15 years). Their baseline characteristics (age, body height and mass, body mass index - BMI, resting metabolic rate - RMR, resting heart rate - RHR and length of sports experience) were determined, as well as the linear relationships of selected cardiovascular risk factors (body fat percentage - BF%, visceral fat level - Visc F, waist circumference - WC, arterial blood pressure - SBP and DBP). The data were analyzed (descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Peаrson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficient, ANOVA) using SPSS 21.0. The results of the analysis indicated a lack of statistically significant differences in cardiovascular risks factors between female PE students with different lengths of sports experience, and the existence of statistically significant (p<0.001), positive, mostly strong correlations, between most of the selected cardiovascular risk factors. When it comes to blood pressure parameters, although weak positive and statistically significant (p<0.05) correlations were established between SBP and BMI (r=.273), SBP and WC (r=.308), so as between DBP and body mass (r=.284), DBP and RHR (r=.287), DBP and RMR (r=.292), as well between DBP and WC (r=.304) and DBP and SBP (r=.571, p<0.001), it is unequivocal that the reduction of body mass at the expense of adipose tissue is necessary, as well as an increase in the moderate physical activity level and regularity, in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in female PE students now as well as in older age.