bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of body mass index and lipid accumulation product as a better indicator of metabolic syndrome
Authors: S. Yashavanth H. , S. Bharath M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined to be cluster of metabolic interrelated risk factors of such as obesity, elevated blood pressures, glucose metabolism disturbances and dyslipidemia. "Lipid accumulation product" (LAP) – is a simple and novel index based on a combination of an anthropometric dimension and a metabolic dimension.Methods: One hundred patients with metabolic syndrome were included in study. Data was collected through a prepared proforma which included various parameters related to history, thorough clinical examination, and laboratory parameters. Further the patients were assessed for the body mass index (BMI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP). BMI and LAP then correlated with metabolic syndrome.Results: Our present study is conducted among the population meeting the IDF criteria of MS, with a mean age of 54.52±12.65years and female predominance (54%). 72% and 62% of the study group had Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension respectively. The mean BMI in our study is 29.04±5.11 kg/m2 with 25% of the population are non-obese. The average LAP value in our present study is 111.51±59.71 cm mmol/l and shown increasing trend with increasing age. LAP had a mean value of 85.19 cm mmol/l, 118.52 cm mmol/l and 122.37 cm mmol/l in the study population satisfying 3/5, 4/5 and 5/5 criteria of Metabolic Syndrome respectively. This shows LAP (P<0.001) has better correlation with MS when compared to BMI (P<0.001) in ANOVA test. In our present study, the presence of diabetes mellitus resulted in significant elevated LAP values i.e. 85.10±31.40 cm mmol/l among non-diabetics to 121.78±64.92 cm mmol/l among diabetics, which is of statistical significance (p value 0.005).Conclusions: LAP showed strong positive correlation with metabolic syndrome and it also positively correlated with increasing number of components of metabolic syndrome. LAP found to be better predictor of MS than BMI.
Red cell distribution width as a prognostic marker in severe sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Shaikh Mohammed Aslam , Yadavalli Durga Rao
Published: May 2017

Background: The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock has increased over the past 30 years, and the annual number of cases is now >700,000 (~3 per 1000 population). There are many markers of sepsis which are being evaluated for its diagnosis among which RDW is emerging as a promising marker. Hence this study is being done to see the correlation between RDW and sepsis.Methods: A total of 162 patients-81 survivors and 81 non-survivors of severe sepsis and septic shock fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria who were admitted to intensive care unit between October 2013 and September 2015 were included in the study. Baseline variables, laboratory parameters, complications, and RDW were compared between the two groups.Results: Majority of patients - 73(45.06%) were in the age group of 61 - 80 years. Mean RDW was 15.20±2.29 in non-survivors and 13.86±2.20 in survivors, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Mean RDW was higher and statistically significant among non-survivors with respect to duration of stay and requirement of inotropes.Conclusions: RDW levels measured on admission can be used as a prognostic marker in patients in severe sepsis and septic shock.
Etiological profile of adult onset seizures: a hospital based prospective study from Kashmir, India
Authors: Sheikh Nawaz A. , Shabnum Nasreena , Bhat Gulzar A. , Kawoosa Atif , Mushtaq Mudasir , Wani Mushtaq A.
Published: May 2017

Background: Adult onset seizure (AOS) is considered the epilepsy that start after the age of 18 years. It is a common neurological disorder with multiple etiologies. Objective was to study the etiologies, diagnosis and treatment of AOS in Kashmiri population and to compare its different clinical and etiological profiles in different age groups.Methods: All patients who developed seizure after the age of 18 years were recruited in the current prospective study. In total 144 subjects with AOS were included in this study. The study was done in the Neurology unit of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Science, Srinagar- a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, India from August 2014 to July 2016.Results: Among the 144 recruited subjects, the 25-34 years age group was more susceptible to onset seizures. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure with a percentage of 48.8% was the most common seizure type among the studied subjects. Gender wise males were more susceptible to intracerebral hemorrhage while as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is more common among females. Among the infection group, encephalitis was a leading causal factor in 10 (6.9%) patients and age wise younger population is more susceptible to encephalitis and central nervous system, while prion disease was more frequent in subjects with age of ≥55. On comparing various cerebrovascular diseases and seizures, ICH was responsible in most number of subjects (12.5%). MRI and EEG (59.7% and 52.8% respectively) findings were abnormal in maximum number of subjects and both findings showed statistically a significant positive correlation (r=0.73; p=<0.01).Conclusions: Idiopathic factors are the main cause of AOS with EEG and MRI being the mainstay for identifying, classifying and localizing seizures among the study patients.
Analysis of school children’s height from two different socioeconomic status in rural area of Wardha District of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Tote Sachin D. , Tote Darshana S. , Gajbe Ujwal
Published: May 2017

Background: Anthropometry is widely recognized as one of the useful technique to assess the growth and nutritional status of an individual as population. The present study was carried out with the aim to study the growth parameter of the school going children and to find association of socioeconomic status and height.Methods: School children from age 6 to 14 years are examine for weight. There socioeconomic status is decided on the basis of ration card. A total 1520 school children aged 6 to 14 years were randomly selected from the 5 different schools.Results: Significant difference between the height was found among the upper and lower socioeconomic groups children.Conclusions: Statistically significant difference is found between two socioeconomic groups in  the age group of 6, 7,  10, and 14 years of male and  6, 8, 11, and 12 years in female between two socioeconomic groups.
Clinicopathological correlation of serum ascites albumin gradient with ascitic fluid total protein in patients of ascites with portal hypertension attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Bihar, India
Authors: Suman Shanker , Jyoti Divya , Agrawal Pramod Kumar , Bhattacharya Bijoy Kumar
Published: May 2017

Background: The level of ascitic fluid total protein (AFTP) is used to differentiate between transudative and exudative ascites. Ascites patients having portal hypertension are considered to be transudative in nature. The traditional transudate/exudate system of ascitic fluid classification based on ascitic fluid total protein concentration is sometimes misleading in patients of ascites with portal hypertension. Now a days SAAG (serum ascites albumin gradient) has become more acceptable in differentiating patients presenting with ascites due to portal hypertension. The objective of this prospective study was to correlate serum ascites albumin gradient with ascitic fluid total protein in patients of ascites having portal hypertension.Methods: 100 cases of ascites are selected randomly. All the provisional diagnosis are confirmed with the help of different biochemical, pathological and radiological investigations.Results: SAAG (≥1.1gm/dl) was more sensitive and specific (94% and 90% respectively) than ascitic fluid total protein concentration of <2.5 gm/dl (78% and 50% respectively) in detecting portal hypertension and had higher positive and negative predicative values (97% and 82% respectively) compared to AFTP concentration (85% and 38% respectively).Conclusions: Considering the advantages of measuring the serum-ascites albumin gradient in illuminating the pathogenesis of ascites and the ease with which this test can be done, it is suggested that this parameter should replace the traditional parameter of ascitic fluid total protein level in the routine analysis of ascites fluid and classification of ascites.
Trifluoperazine induced blepharospasm: a case report
Authors: Dhiman Indu , Dhiman Umesh , Sharma Tarun , Sharma Aradhna
Published: May 2017

We hereby report an unusual case of trifluoperazine (typical antipsychotic drug) induced tardive blephrospasm which was relieved subsequently after dechallenging the drug. Thereafter patient was started with clozapine (atypical antipsychotic drug). This possibility of blepharospasm should always be kept in mind while prescribing trifluoperazine.
Reiki: a modality towards holistic approach to cancer cure
Authors: Puri Sonia , Walia Dinesh Kumar , Jindal Har Ashish
Published: May 2017

Reiki is one of the complementary and alternative medicine modalities which have been accepted and appreciated, globally. Many evidence based studies have validated its role in cancer. Reiki can play a major role in changing the patient’s outlook towards life and increasing the patient’s ability as well as willingness to comply with physician’s instructions and adhere to treatment protocols. The goal of Reiki treatments is to strengthen the flow of energy through these blocked or disturbed pathways, thus decreasing pain and enhancing the body’s natural ability to fight illnesses and heal itself. It combats the nausea caused from chemotherapy. One of the major criticism is lack of scientific foundation. There has been effort to collaborate conventional and complementary therapies to improve the quality of future research. In the near future, it may be considered as one of the advanced modalities of alternative medicine used in conjunction with conventional therapy for holistic approach for cancer management.
Cancer pain assessment and management in ambulatory patients at a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Abruquah Akua A. , Biney Robert P. , Osei-Bonsu Ernest B. , Boamah Kofi M. , Woode Eric
Published: May 2017

Background: Adequate cancer pain assessment using valid and reliable pain assessment tools is essential for effective cancer pain management. This study evaluated the common types, effectiveness as well as adherence to prescribed analgesics in oncology outpatients in a tertiary oncology centre in Ghana.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 204 oncology outpatients with different confirmed cancer diagnosis attending clinic at the Oncology Directorate of a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana. The research instruments used were the medical folders of patients, a hospital-based electronic drug database system; hospital administration management systems (HAMS) and the Brief Pain Inventory Long-Form (BPI-LF).Results: More than half (63.7%) of the participants reported moderate pain, 37.8% received opioid analgesics: 31.4% strong opioids and 6.4% weak opioids. Less than one-fourth (21.6%) had complete pain relief and 18.1% felt they needed a stronger pain medication. A little more than one-fourth (28.4%) of participants took their pain medications 1-2 times per day. Almost half (45.6%) of participants did not experience side effects from taking pain medications and 27.9% needed more information about their pain medications.Conclusions: Enhancing effective cancer symptom management approaches in healthcare practitioners and incorporating existing knowledge and guidelines on cancer pain management into routine clinical practice should be done to enhance efficient pain relief.
Women’s attitude towards breast cancer in Baghdad city, Iraq
Authors: Hasan Tiba Nezar , Shah Shamsul Azhar , Ghazi Hasanain Faisal , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat
Published: May 2017

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women all over the world. The aim of this study was to measure the attitude of women regarding breast cancer and its associated factors in Baghdad city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 508 women aged 18 years old and above recruited randomly from 4 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Baghdad City during 2015. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents. Results: A total of 66.1% had a good attitude, the association between attitude and marital status, education was not significant, while working status was significant with P value of 0.001. After controlling for other cofounders, the contributors for poor attitude were not working, P value of 0.002 and adjusted odds ratio of 2.08. Conclusions: The attitude among the respondents still considered not good as almost one-thirds of the respondents had poor attitude. The most important contributor to poor attitude was working status. More education and health promotions need to be done among general population to educate them regarding breast cancer in Baghdad City, Iraq.
Nutritional survey among under five children at Tamyia district in Fayoum, Egypt
Authors: Elsary Asmaa Younis , Abd El-moktader Ahmed Mahmoud , Elgameel Alkassem , Mohammed Wael Sayed , Masoud Mohamed , Abd El-Haleem Naglaa Gamal
Published: May 2017

Background: Malnutrition is involved in half of the deaths of under-five children as in many developing countries. In Egypt, malnutrition remains an important issue as 5.5% of under-five children are underweight, 8.4% are wasted and 21.4% are stunted. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among sick under five children seeking medical advice at Tamiya District health care facilities in Fayoum.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 400 under five children at Tamiya district in Fayoum. It was carried out over a period of 5 months from June to October 2014. All patients were subjected to the following: History taking, anthropometric measurements including weight and length/height.Results: Our study shows that 23.2%, 18.5% and 19.3% of children were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Stunting was more common in females than males. Also, our results reveal that risk factors of malnutrition were 70.6% parasitic infestation and 15.7% for gastroenteritis with statistically significant high prevalence of positive parasitic, helminthic infestation, and gastroenteritis with p-value <0.05 among wasted, stunted, and underweighted children.Conclusions: Prevalence of malnutrition was high among under five sick children. These findings indicate the need for implementing hospital and community-based intervention nutritional program.
Epidemiology of diabetes among adults in Jabra area ''block 14’’ in Khartoum state – Sudan: community based study
Authors: Abdalla Eltagi A. M. , Ahmed Ragda F.
Published: May 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of and to identify the possible risk factors associated with diabetes among the study population.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional community based study was carried out among 236 adults residing in Jabra area in Khartoum State in Sudan. Data were collected used pre tested structured questionnaire, and validated in a pilot study. The questionnaire included; socio-demographic data and possible risk factor such as (stress, physical exercise, history of pancreatic, history of renal problems and obesity). Anthropometric measurement included weight and height for BMI and laboratory data included random blood glucose (RBG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).Results: The present study showed, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults in Jabra area was 18.6%. There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate. The results showed there was statistical association between diabetes positivity and marital status, age groups, educational level and family income p-values =(0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0005 and 0.0053) respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated family history of diabetes, obesity, physical activity, renal problems and pancreatic diseases were other risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus positivity OR =(2.19 (95% CI 1.10 - 4.34, p =0.027), 3.11 (95% CI 1.13 – 8.56, p =0.0278), 0.28 (95% CI 0.11 - 0.75, p =0.0113), 7.42 (95% CI 2.00- 27.57, p =0.0028) and 12.18 (95% CI 2.28 - 65.1, p =0.0035) respectively.Conclusions: The study found a higher prevalence of diabetes among study population. Risk factors showed a significant relation with higher fasting blood glucose.
Effect of yoga on general health: food habits versus blood groups
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Verma Anita , Bhattarai Rachana , Gowda G. Paran
Published: May 2017

Background: In this paper, we attempted to critically analyze the relation between food habits intake versus different blood groups. In majority of the cases we found that there is a close link between the food habits versus the blood groups.Methods: As a sample measure, we collected 50 sample blood groups and their respective food habits. Descriptive statistics is applied to know the average number of people having different food habits versus blood groups. The study covers 25 females and 25 males. The target groups cover students, public and staff of Patanjali Yogpeeth and also patients.Results: The findings of the study show that the 4 major blood groups A, B, AB and O have almost the same food habits in terms of calorie intake. Secondly, the study shows that there is a probability of blood groups having a relation to different ailments which could be treated with appropriate dieting systems and energy. Thirdly, the sample study shows that people having AB blood group may be more prone to mental discomforts for which Aloevera juice along with general yoga practices has been suggested followed by other blood groups; A, B and O.Conclusions: This study will be useful for all the medical and paramedical practitioners, dieticians, nutrition experts. It will have general health policy implications at primary and sub center level centers.
Refractive errors in age group seven to fifteen years: North-east India scenario
Authors: Hazarika Himanto Nath , Bhuyan Dipak , Hazarika Suranjana Chaliha , Addya Sujit
Published: May 2017

Background: The objectives of study were to find out the different types of refractive errors in children between seven to fifteen years age group and the cause of uncorrected defective vision.Methods: A prospective study was designed of two thousand children aged between seven to fifteen years, attending outpatient department. Study period was one year. Consent was obtained from their guardian. Inclusion criteria were children with refractive errors. Children presenting with organic defects of ocular structures, infections, corneal opacity, cataract, choroid and retinal disorders were excluded from study. Data were collected by history taking and comprehensive ocular examination, visual tests for both near and distant vision. Refractive error assessed by cycloplegic drug with one percent Homatropine eye drops, by streak retinoscopy. Objective refraction were carried out and documented. Subjective refraction was done after one week. Both BCVA and uncorrected refractive errors were ascertained and recorded.Results: Out of two thousand children examined, myopic = 34%, hypermetropic = 11%, and astigmatic = 55%. M: F = 900:1000. Study showed headache as the commonest symptom. 17% of the patients had positive family history. Correctable errors constitute 91% of the total cases.Conclusions: Myopic astigmatism was found to be the most frequent refractive error in children. Mass screening is required for early diagnosis of refractive error. Prescribing corrective glasses for children with refractive errors at an early age will prevent childhood morbidity.
A qualitative study on determinants of choice of contraceptives in a rural
Authors: Swamy Hamsa T. , M. Bhanu , B. S. Nanda Kumar , N. S. Shivaraj
Published: May 2017

Background: Family planning is a fundamental right of every human being. According to National Family Health Survey-4 Karnataka factsheet the rate of female sterilization is 48.6%, as compared to 57.4% in the NFHS-3 survey.1 Further as per NFHS-4 the rate of male sterilization is 0.1%, IUD/PPIUCD is 0.8%, pill use is 0.4%, and condom use is 1.3%. This study aims to determine factors influencing contraceptive non-use among women aged 15 - 49 years in rural area, Karnataka.Methods: Three focus group discussions were conducted in Ardesahalli Primary Health Center area to assess the knowledge and attitude of the women with regards to use and determinants for choices of contraceptives. Conceptual framework was used to develop the leading questions for the focus group discussions which included macro and micro level factors determining use or non-use of contraceptives.Results: Mother-in-law’s lack of knowledge about contraceptive use and fear of side effects regarding contraceptive had an influence on daughter and daughter-in-law’s for using/not using any method.Conclusions: Similar qualitative studies revealed that there were personal, cultural, and health system barriers to modern contraceptive use. In our study also Mother-in-law’s lack of knowledge and fear of side effects regarding contraceptive had an influence on daughter-in-law’s. It is imperative that the entire family is involved during the counseling sessions so that the misconceptions and irrational beliefs are addressed comprehensively.
Patient and health system delays among tuberculosis patients attending DOTS centres of Kamrup (metro) district, Assam
Authors: Gope Abhishek , Baruah Kanika K. , Ojah Jutika , Baruah Rupali
Published: May 2017

Background: Among the North eastern states, Assam has the highest burden of tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential for effective control of tuberculosis.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among new smear positive tuberculosis cases above 15 years in Kamrup (Metrolpolitan) district of Assam from August 2015 to July 2016.Results: The mean patient delay was 34.2 days and the mean health system delay was 30.34 days. Female gender and patients who made first contact with non-formal health care providers were significantly associated with patient delay while illiteracy and age more than 35 years had significant association with health system delay.Conclusions: Median patient delay was found to be more than median health system delay. As patient delay was significantly associated with non-formal health care providers, the study proposes integration of non-formal health care providers with RNTCP which can reduce the patient delay.
Situation Analysis of Malaria in Surat: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Patel Jitendra M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Recent challenges in dealing with prevention of malaria are urbanization and migration, construction activity, insecticide resistance, inadequate health and sanitation infrastructure, poor community participation and public private partnership. Surat city experienced the worst phase of malaria between 1987 to 1992. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2006 to March 2007 in malaria clinic in New Civil Hospital, Surat. On an average daily 8-10 patients for whom blood was collected were asked to come again after one week to collect the report of malaria. Study was included 500 participants in which 287 male and 213 female. Results: Most of male participants were student (24.4%), labor (23.7%) and factory worker (20.2) and most of female participants were house wife (50.7%), student (21.1%) and labor (7.5%). Almost 50.5% male participants got information regarding Malaria from poster, handball, hoarding and 50.2% female participants from TV, cinema slide, radio. Conclusions: Changing staff, including resident doctors and other staff needs to be oriented with the national guidelines regarding control of malaria and especially anti-malarial prescription. Malaria clinic can be an important place to educate the people regarding malaria control. Educating patients can go a long way for malaria control in urban area.
Assessment of awareness about rabies and the animal bite among the staff nurses in a medical institute in Lucknow
Authors: Chopra Deepak , Jauhari Nidhi , Dhungana Homnath , . Nasrah
Published: May 2017

Background: People have very basic knowledge about rabies and its prevention. Health workers are usually the first ones to come in contact with a victim of animal bite. Research Question- “What is the awareness and practices about rabies and animal bite in the Health workers/paramedical staff?” Objectives of the study were 1) assessment of the awareness of staff Nurses about rabies and animal bite management; 2) to study the practices of staff nurses after an animal bite and 3) to find association of socio-demographic factors with the knowledge level.Methods: Observational cross sectional conducted at Integral Hospital, IIMSR among 256 staff nurses (response rate 95%) between January 2017 to February 2017. Purposive Convenience Sampling method was used. Data recording by interview on a questionnaire. A scoring pattern was described.Results: The current study observed that the knowledge and awareness of the study subjects on the rabies/ animal bite was variable, high in some aspects and low/poor in others. Majority of the subjects had poor grading of knowledge. Sex, marital status and religion were statistically significantly associated with the kowledge gradient.Conclusions: There is a need for generating awareness about rabies and animal bite. Recommendations: There is a need for sensitization of health workers so that their knowledge can be enhanced and can be translated into proper practices.
A study of availability of basic facilities at household level of rural Gujarat, India
Authors: Prajapati Bipin , Banker Kavita , Chauhan Jignesh
Published: May 2017

Background: India, a globally important consumer economy and one of the fastest growing economies in the world. By 2025-26 the number of middle class households in India is likely to more than double from the 2015-16 levels to 113.8 million households or 547 million individuals. The standard of living in India shows large disparity. Objectives: To study the rural household condition regarding social, demographic and housing condition. Methods: This cross-sectional secondary data analysis study was conducted at RHTC – Hadiyol of GMERS medical college, Himmatnagar, Sabarkantha district, Gujarat during 1st January 2016 to 30th August 2016. Study included 500 household from RHTC with 2250 members of rural area by purposive sampling method. Results: Almost 93.8% population was residing their own house and 66.2% population have “pucca” house. Mean family size was 4.5 ± 1.5 in rural households. Separate kitchen was present in 54.4% houses. Conclusions: Study reveals the socio-demographic and housing status difference between urban slum and rural area regarding own house, number of family members, kitchen, latrine, bathroom, and overcrowding, sanitary practices.
Physical growth pattern of school going urban adolescent girls in Bangalore city
Authors: Dhoundiyal Manju , Prithviraj Renuka
Published: May 2017

Background: With growing prioritization on adolescent health and incorporation of adolescent component in the National programme for mother and child, it is time we develop region wise growth charts for them. The objective of the study was to assess the growth pattern of adolescent school girl’s aged 13 and 14 years old belonging to different socio-economic backgrounds using simple anthropometric measurements.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 468 girl students. The sample comprised 13 and 14 year old girls studying in four schools representative of different socioeconomic backgrounds in Bangalore, Karnataka. Simple anthropometric measurement were performed and compared with WHO/IAP and ICMR reference standards.Results: The anthropometric measurements (weight, height and BMI of girls) in the four schools showed similar trends but were not comparable with the reference guidelines.Conclusions: There is a need to revise and develop regional guidelines for growth charts.
A cross-sectional study on utilisation and content of antenatal services among pregnant women in a coastal area of Thrissur district
Authors: M. V. Sruthi , Raphael Bablu
Published: May 2017

Background: Antenatal care is ‘care before birth’ to promote wellbeing of mother and foetus. The number of antenatal care visits and the timing of the first visit are important for the health of the mother and the outcome of the pregnancy. The use of ANC varies from country to country considerably, with underutilization among pregnant women, in low income countries like Asia & Africa. Within the country ANC utilization varies with mother’s age, education, occupation, income, parity, place of residents, availability and cost of services. In coastal areas most of the people belong to fisherman community and their socio-demographic characteristics are different from that of other areas. Not enough studies have been conducted previously; in coastal areas to obtain data on utilization of ANC services. It is in this background that the present study was carried out to assess the utilization and content of antenatal services among pregnant women in a coastal area.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kadappuram gramapanchayath, Chavakkad Taluk, during the period of December 2013 to March 2014. Data collection was done by interviewing total 286 registered mothers from four subcentres from Kadappuram CHC, using a pretested validated questionnaire.Results: Out of 286 mothers, 179 (62.6%) of pregnant mothers had taken optimum antenatal care and remaining 107 (37.4%) of mothers had taken sub-optimum antenatal care. Among utilisation and content of antenatal services, only 228 (79.7%) of pregnant mothers done the Hb estimation and blood screening in first trimester itself. The proportion of mothers consumed 100 IFA tablets were 279 (89.5%), but 30 (10.5%) mothers had not taken full course of IFA tablets. Only 202 (70.6%) of mothers received the advice on family planning method during their antenatal visits and remaining 84 (29.4%) mothers did not received any advice. There was a statistically significant difference between socio-economic status of pregnant mothers and services like family planning advice and Hb estimation and screening at first trimester.Conclusions: The study revealed that, even though all the pregnant women were literate and majority had educational status up to high school, the antenatal services like routine blood examination in the first trimester, Iron and folic acid coverage and advice on family planning services were relatively low. Improving the socio-economic status of pregnant women would improve the utilization and content of antenatal care. The study also emphasizes the need for awareness programs for antenatal mothers on content and utilisation of proper ANC.
A community based study to assess the validity of Indian diabetic risk score, among urban population of North Central India
Authors: Agarwal Anil Kumar , Ahirwar Ghanshyam , Marskole Priyesh , Bhagwat A. K.
Published: May 2017

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide and India has earned the dubious distinction of being the diabetic capital of the world and had 69.2 million (8.7%) people living with diabetes.1 Unfortunately over half of these people remain undiagnosed as diabetes. IDRS is a cost effective and simple tool for screening of undiagnosed diabetic individuals in the community. The objective of the study was to estimate prevalence of undiagnosed high risk subjects of diabetes mellitus to validate IDRS as effective tool for diagnosis of diabetes in urban areas of Gwalior City.Methods: In community based cross-sectional observational study house to house survey was conducted and face to face interview had done by predesigned questionnaire, which was based on IDRS variables for those persons of age more than 20 and not known to diabetes previously.Results: In present study 55 (8.94%) out of 615 respondents were diagnosed as a newly diabetic cases. We found that at IDRS score of ≥60 has a sensitivity of 45.5% and specificity of 88.0%.Conclusions: This study provides a use of Indian diabetes risk score for identifying undiagnosed high risk for patients with diabetes in Indian population and could make screening programmes more cost effective.
Prevalence of internet addiction amongst the IT professionals of Bangalore city and its effect on their lifestyle and dietary habits
Authors: M. Rohith , Patil Shailaja S.
Published: May 2017

Background: Internet is being widely used all around the world, had both positive and negative influence in human life. The number of users is increasing day by day. Recent reports indicated that some on-line users, particularly IT Professionals, were becoming addicted to the Internet in much the same way that others became addicted to drugs, alcohol, or gambling, which resulted in; reduced work performance, and even marital discord and separation. The objectives of the study were the pattern of Internet addiction on young’s internet addiction diagnostic questionnaire and the effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyle and dietary behaviour. Methods: Cross-sectional online survey was conducted amongst the IT Professionals of 4 different companies. Data was collected on a pre-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 1. Socio-demographic information, 2.Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) 3. Dietary pattern. The questionnaire was sent to 400 people through e-mail, out of which 353 subjects mailed back the questionnaire with complete response. Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group of 30 to 34, males and were educated up to post-graduate level. When the scores were tabulated on Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, 30.8% of the subjects were found to be mildly addicted to internet, where as 48.4% and 20.8% were moderately and severely addicted. Conclusions: People who are high in internet addiction are more likely to vulnerability to depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychological approach is essential to tackle this problem.
A study of 10 years risk prediction of CAD – applying “Framingham risk scores” among the coal mine employees of the Singareni Collieries company ltd, Telangana state, India
Authors: Mahabhashyam Ramakrishna Narashima , Singh Sunil Pal , Carolin Archana , Varaprasada Maruti Sarma Mannava
Published: May 2017

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of death. Many tools for CVD risk assessment have been devised. While it is relatively easy to identify those who are obviously at high risk, the health expenditure can be predicted and necessary high risk based preventive care programmes can be introduced. The study has been taken up with an objective of assessing “10 years risk prediction of CAD, Among the Coal Mine Employees by applying “Framingham Risk Scores.”.Methods: Study population: coal mine employees (30-60 years of age). Study area: Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), Telangana State, India. Study design: cross-sectional observational study. Sample size: 53367coal mine workers. Sampling methods: All coal mine employees (30-60 years) working atleast of 10 years duration and those who have given consent for the study have been included. Data collection: collected from the periodic medical examination records from 2008 to 2012. Analysis: By using Micro soft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 19.Results: Majority of the workers were in the age group of 51-60 years of age, followed by 41-50 years (31.5%). 11.9% has mild risk, 3.2% has moderate risk and 0.6% has severe risk of CAD. Mining Surface labourers has marginally higher risk of CAD than “Mining Supervisory and Managerial Staff’, Opencast mining staff were found to at higher risk of CAD.Conclusions: Mining Surface labourers and opencast mining staff were found to at higher risk of CAD.
Incidence of sinonasal anatomical variations associated with chronic sinusitis by CT scan in Karaikal, South India
Authors: Gouripur Kranti , M. Udaya Kumar , Janagond Anand B. , Elangovan S. , Srinivasa V.
Published: May 2017

Background: Variations in sinonasal anatomy of adults are common and vary among different populations. Their role in development of pathological conditions such as sinusitis, epistaxis, etc is debated. Having clear picture of sinonasal anatomy of a person is essential in avoidance of complications during surgery. This study was done to analyze sinonasal anatomy in adults from Karaikal region having chronic sinusitis by nasal endoscopy and CT scan imaging.

Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were studied by preoperative nasal endoscopy, CT scanning and endoscopy at the time of definitive surgery and variations recorded and analyzed.  

Results: The incidence of the sinonasal anatomical variations in CT scan study were – discharge in the frontal sinus (100%), agger nasi cells (96%), deviated nasal septum (70%), anterior ethmoidal cells (86%), posterior ethmoidal cells (58%), sinus lateralis (52%), frontal cells (50%), discharge in sphenoid sinus (50%), pneumatised superior turbinate (46%), INSA (34%), prominent bulla ethmoidalis (30%), supra orbital cells (26%), pneumatised septum(16%), medialised uncinate process (16%), paradoxical middle turbinate (16%), Haller cells (14%), supreme turbinate (14%), pneumatised inferior turbinate (12%), frontal recess obliteration (12%), absent pneumatisation of frontal sinus (12%), pneumatised middle turbinate (10%), Onodi cells (6%), pneumatised uncinate process (2%), maxillary sinus septation (2%).

Conclusions: The high incidence of variations emphasises the need for proper preoperative assessment for safe and effective endoscopic sinus surgery. 
Topical steroids - fairness fervour to fallout
Authors: Hogade Ashok S. , Fatima Ismat
Published: May 2017

Background: Topical Steroids (TS) are one of the most widely used therapeutic formulations in practice. Treatment was revolutionized with the advent of these anti-inflammatory corticosteroids .They provide rapid symptomatic relief in almost all inflammatory dermatoses , in short term. In India topical steroids are marketed by many pharmaceutical companies and few of these formulations are available at every medical store even without a prescription.

Methods: Patients with relevant facial dermatoses (clinical features suggestive of TS abuse) with history of current TS inappropriate use were included. Diagnosis was established on clinical basis and consent was sought. Proper skin examination was performed to detect the condition related to abuse of TS.

Results: Out of 100 patients studied 54 were females and 46 males. Majority were of 15-35 years age group and unmarried. 72% patients belonged to lower and 25% to middle socioeconomic class. Majority of the patients were students (42%) followed by household workers (38%).

Conclusions: Unnecessary cosmetic use of TCs with or without fairness creams is quite common in facial dermatoses resulting in steroidal dermatitis resembling rosacea. Topical steroid misuse is increasing because of easy availability, Lack of awareness, Obsession for fair skin.
A retrospective study on the incidence of non-venereal genital dermatoses in patients attending STI clinic at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Priya Balakrishnan Thenmozhi , Muthupandian Vijayaanand , Alagar Krishnaveni , Kannan Rajkumar
Published: May 2017

Background: To study the clinical and epidemiological pattern of occurrence of non-venereal genital dermatoses among the patients attending STI clinic. Also an attempt was made to know the level of awareness among the patients studied and the level of psychological impact on the affected persons before they were diagnosed as anon venerealdermatoses.

Methods: A study was conducted among 125 patients who attended the STI Clinic in a tertiary care center in a period of 6 months. Detailed history was taken along with complete physical examination and local examination.

Results: 125 patients attended the STI Clinic. Among them 75 patients [40 males and 35 females] were diagnosed to have Non venereal genital dermatoses. A total of 14 different non venereal dermatoses were observed in our study The commonest age group affected were in the age group of 30-40 year. The most common non-venereal dermatoses in females in our study were Lichen sclerosuset atrophicus and in males were fixed drug eruptions Pearly penile papules. Mild anxiety and concern about the genital lesions were found in almost all the males and females.

Conclusions: A prompt and correct diagnosis of non-venereal genital dermatoses needs a greater clinical acumen along with various investigative methods Patient must be treated as a whole rather than treating the disease alone. The complete successful outcome lies not only in treating the disease but also treating the patient as a whole allying his undue fears, stress and misconceptions. 
Optimal design of an induction heater of minimum length
Authors: Mednikova V. A.
Published: May 2017

The paper presents the task of optimization of through-type induction heating installations (IHI) with a continuous delivery of metal semi-finished products for further plastic working. The task of optimal design of one-section and two-section heaters of minimum length has been formulated and solved.
Chemical gas sources
Authors: Novikov A. A. , Ershikhin N. A.
Published: May 2017

The paper presents the results of research in developing ways of burning gas-generating compositions (GGC) in combustion products forced convection conditions (CPFCC) and the factors that influence the design of a chemical gas source (CGS). The influence of the oxidant amount on the conditions and rate of fuel combustion in CPFCC is analyzed. The relative area of the channels is shown to affect the character of porous charge combustion. If the number of channels and their area increase up to 5%, the rate of combustion and the gas flow rate increase, while if the former increase from 5% to 25% the latter decrease. It was also found that multichannel units with fixed porosity ensure constant consumption and time characteristics, make it possible to get 10-15 fold pressure reduction in the chamber and increase the length of the charge up to ten diameters.
Analysis of schemes and methods of hydrodynamic cleaning of hydro-fuel system units
Authors: Sanchugov V. I. , Reshetov V. M.
Published: May 2017

The paper presents the results of research of hydrodynamic cleaning of hydro-fuel units. The modeling was executed in Matlab-Simulink using transfer functions for the circuit passive elements and the parameters of the flow oscillation source.
Converting sensor capacity into standardized signals with structural and time redundancy
Authors: Artamonov P. I.
Published: May 2017

The principle of construction and implementation of devices converting sensor capacity into standardized signals intended for the use in industrial information control systems is discussed in the article.
Experimental simulation of registration of outer space objects
Authors: Baryshev Ye. Yu. , Syomkin N. D. , Voronov K. Ye.
Published: May 2017

The article describes a mockup onboard system for the registration of outer space objects. The results of measuring the position and velocity vector of the objects obtained by the described installation are presented.
Models of lunar dust motion dynamics and methods of producing streams of charged dust particles in a laboratory environment
Authors: Syomkin N. D. , Vidmanov A. S.
Published: May 2017

The article presents basic physical parameters of lunar dust, models of its motion over the surface of the moon under the influence of space environment factors and a review of methods for obtaining dust streams in a laboratory environment.
Results of simulating an algorithm of flight photogrammetric calibration of electrooptical equipment for stellar Earth remote sensing using the Kalman filter
Authors: Kamensky V. V. , Petrishchev V. F.
Published: May 2017

An algorithm of flight photogrammetric calibration of electrooptical equipment for stellar Earth remote sensing using the Kalman filter is developed assuming that the vehicle orientation in the course of the sky survey is known with split-hair accuracy. The algorithm is developed using only the linear magnitudes obtained as a result of projecting the star sphere on a focal plane.
Software for investigating the process of catalytical masking layer formation
Authors: Kolpakov V. A. , Bonyachuk A. A.
Published: May 2017

Based on the received numerical solution we have developed software which allows conducting automatic calculation of semiconductor atom concentric profiles and vacancies in the melt when the metal - semiconductor structure is treated by off-electrode plasma. It also makes it possible to determine the depth of alloying of the masking layer into the semiconductor subsurface (depth of the optical micropattern).
Quantitative assessment of the duration of «aircraft refueling» operation
Authors: Titov B. A. , Kropiventseva S. A.
Published: May 2017

The paper shows the range of acceptable values for the duration of the aircraft refueling operation with a view to ensuring the regularity of aircraft departure from the airport. The resulting range is the domain of tradeoffs between the air carrier and the fuel-supply company.
Adjustment of the pneumatic drive of a ground catapult to the permanent law of tractive force
Authors: Sereda V. A.
Published: May 2017

The paper presents an analysis of pressure balance in the pneumatic drive of a ground launching device (GLD, catapult). A method for optimizing the dynamic characteristics of GLD by choosing the counter pressure law is proposed that makes it possible to obtain a permanent traction law. An optimal diameter of the opening area of the depressurization valve is obtained as a result of one-parameter solution of a variational problem. The dynamic characteristics of the catapult configuration being tested are presented and evaluated.
Stability of swirl flows with radial density gradient
Authors: Anchikov D. A. , Gusev V. A. , Zavershinskii I. P. , Makaryan V. G. , Sugak S. S.
Published: May 2017

The stability of an axially symmetrical stationary incompressible swirl flow with radial density jump in relation to infinitesimal spiral perturbations is investigated in the paper The dependences of perturbation frequency and increment on the swirl parameter, axial wave number and density jump are obtained. It is shown that perturbation frequency increases while its increment decreases with the increase in the medium density gradient.
Agreement between criterial equations of heat transfer in the process of cooling aluminium ingots and experimental data
Authors: Gorshenin A. S. , Krivosheev V. E.
Published: May 2017

The paper deals with the problem of agreement between the criterial equation for the determination of the heat transfer coefficient and the experimental data for the case of cooling aluminum ingots using the least squares method. An experimental unit for the cooling of aluminum ingots is described. Experimental data are presented.
Tests of tubing made of aluminum alloy 1953T1 with wear-resistant thread-lined coats
Authors: Ivanova A. V.
Published: May 2017

The most promising types of wear-resistant thread-lined coats have been determined according to the results of field tests. Using these coat types will result in considerable increase of the life time and work reliability of light-alloy tubing made of aluminum alloy 1953T1.