bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Item Wording Effects in Psychological Measures: Do Early Literacy Skills Matter?
Authors: BULUT Hatice Cigdem
Published: September 2021

While the inclusion of both positively and negatively worded items is a common practice in scales, using positively and negatively worded items together may threaten the validity of a scale. Several studies have been devoted to investigating the effects of item wording methods. The current study investigated item wording effects on the responses of 4028 Turkish fifth-grade students, who responded to the Students Confidence in Mathematics (SCM) and Students Confidence in Science (SCS) scales. The role of early literacy-related variables (i.e., early literacy activities undertaken before primary school, student performance on reading literacy tasks upon entering primary school, and duration of the children’s pre-primary school attendance) on item wording effects was also examined. The investigations were conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and the correlated trait–correlated method minus one CFA- CTC(M-1) model, derived from the correlated traits-correlated methods framework. The results indicate that significant item wording effects existed in both scales. Moreover, a significant and positive effect was found in both scales relating to early literacy activities undertaken before school, but no effects were found relating to student performance on reading literacy tasks upon entering primary school or duration of the children’s pre-primary school attendance. Overall, the study suggests that researchers and practitioners should consider potential effects when including both positively and negatively worded items in scales, especially scales designed for younger students.
Detecting Differential Item Functioning Using SIBTEST, MH, LR and IRT Methods
Authors: ÇEPNİ Zafer , KELECİOĞLU Hülya
Published: September 2021

In this study, differential item functioning (DIF) and differential bundle functioning (DBF) analyses of the Academic Staff and Postgraduate Education Entrance Examination Quantitative Ability Tests were carried out. Mantel-Haenszel, logistic regression, SIBTEST, Item Response Theory-Likelihood Ratio and BILOG-MG DIF Algorithm methods were used for DIF analyses. SIBTEST was the method used for DBF analyses. Data sets for the study came from an earlier application of the examination. Gender DIF analyses showed that eleven items showed DIF. Four of the items favored male applicants, where seven of them favored female applicants. In order to investigate the sources of DIF, we consulted experts. In general, the items which could be solved using routine algorithmic operations and which are presented in the algebraic, abstract format showed DIF in favor of females. The “real-life” word problems favored males. According to DBF analyses, the operations item group favored females and the word problems item group favored males.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TRADITIONAL TEACHING AUGMENTED WITH INTERACTIVE SESSIONS AS A NEW APPROACH IN BIOCHEMISTRY TEACHING
Authors:   shama akram, qureshi sadia
Published: September 2021

In medical education, different teaching methods are being used, and it is believed that methods involving active learning are usually stronger, motivate learners as they can control their learning process. So, the study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional teaching augmented with interactive sessions (TT+IS) as a new teaching approach in Biochemistry teaching.
Rapid formation of iron sulfides alters soil morphology and chemistry following simulated marsh restoration
Authors: Berkowitz Jacob , VanZomeren Christine , Fresard Nicole
Published: September 2021

Many marshes show signs of degradation due to fragmentation, lack of sediment inputs, and erosion which may be exacerbated by sea level rise and increasing storm frequency/intensity. As a result, resource managers seek to restore marshes via introduction of sediment to increase elevation and stabilize the marsh platform. Recent field observations suggest the rapid formation of iron sulfide (FeS) materials following restoration in several marshes. To investigate, a laboratory microcosm study evaluated the formation of FeS following simulated restoration activities under continually inundated, simulated drought, and simulated tidal conditions. Results indicate that FeS horizon development initiated within 16 days, expanding to encompass > 30% of the soil profile after 120 days under continuously inundated and simulated tidal conditions. Continuously inundated conditions supported higher FeS content compared to other treatments. Dissolved and total Fe and S measurements suggest the movement and diffusion of chemical constituents from native marsh soil upwards into the overlying sediments, driving FeS precipitation. The study highlights the need to consider biogeochemical factors resulting in FeS formation during salt marsh restoration activities. Additional field research is required to link laboratory studies, which may represent a worst-case scenario, with in-situ conditions.
EVOLUÇÃO NORMATIVA E LEGAL PARA O EXERCÍCIO DA ODONTOLOGIA BRASILEIRA FRENTE À PANDEMIA DA COVID-19.
Authors: Zilio Tourinho Maísa Carolina , Cauduro da Rosa Gabriela , Paim Strapasson Raíssa Ananda , Pérez Baldasso Rosane , Marques Fernandes Mário
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A COVID-19 é uma enfermidade respiratória causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, detectado pela primeira vez em Wuhan - China em dezembro de 2019. Atualmente, está bem definido que esse vírus possui alta e sustentada transmissibilidade entre as pessoas. Em decorrência do aumento da infecção humana pelo novo coronavírus e com o eminente risco de contágio e propagação da doença, iniciaram-se as medidas de prevenção e controle de infecção através da publicação de dispositivos legais com o objetivo de orientar os serviços de saúde e conter a disseminação do vírus. Sabe-se que a assistência odontológica apresenta alto risco para a disseminação do coronavírus e, por esse motivo, tornou-se de suma importância que os profissionais que atuam nos serviços de saúde estejam munidos de informaçõespara evitar ou reduzir ao máximo a transmissão de microrganismos durante qualquer assistência realizada. Objetivo: Apontar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a evolução das normativas éticas e legais relacionadas ao exercício da odontologia frente à pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Revisão Da Literatura: Foram verificados dispositivos legais publicados durante o período de pandemia com repercussão sobre a Odontologia nas esferas nacional, com ênfase para questões sanitárias e de fiscalização do exercício profissional, além de uma orientação associativa. Conclusão: As normativas publicadas até a presente data, que se relacionam ao exercício profissional, destacam a importância deos cirurgiões-dentistas manterem-se atualizados sobre estes aspectos para o exercício profissional, ressaltando, ainda, que novas orientações e atualizações podem ser feitas sobre esta pandemia.
CONSELHOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ODONTOLOGIA NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE INTERESSES, INCOERÊNCIAS E COMPETÊNCIAS.
Authors: Martorell Leandro Brambilla , Finkler Mirelle , Barros Beatriz Álvares Cabral de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo discute alguns problemas argumentativos de recentes publicações relacionadas à pandemia do Covid-19 feitas pelo CFO e CRO-GO, CRO-RS e CRO-MG. A presente análise tem por objetivo instigar a reflexão crítica sobre questões científicas, jurídicas e morais pujantes na pandemia, especialmente (mas não apenas) daqueles que têm por obrigação (moral e jurídica) promover a ética entre seus inscritos. Instituições podem criar discursos e normas (re)produtoras de ações muitas vezes contrárias à sua própria função social e a sua filosofia institucional, não apenas intencionalmente, mastambém por falta de análise ético-reflexiva por parte de suas lideranças, bem como por falta de participação política dos demais. Quando isto acontece, a avaliação crítica fica por conta daqueles que se importam com as motivações e/ou com os problemas que emergem das decisões institucionais, sejam elas de ação ou de omissão. É necessário refletir sobre possíveis conflitos de interesses, resistir à banalização da incompetência argumentativa e lutar pela competência ética de nossos profissionais e instituições de classe.
24. EFEK PENCELUPAN KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING DALAM LARUTAN ASAM ASETAT DAN ASAM SITRAT TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR PROTEIN The Effects of Immersion of Broiler Carcass in a Combination of Citric Acid and Acetic Acid on Protein Content
Authors: Simangunsong Daniel Sebastian , N Nurliana , S Sulasmi , I Ismail , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Isa M.
Published: September 2021

The research has been conducted to determine the effect of 3% acetic acid, 3% citric acid, and combination of acetic acid and citric acid, 1.5% each on protein content of broiler carcass. The experiment was designed by a factorial analysis of variance (Anova). The first factor is control without any treatment (P0), carcass immersion in 3% acetic acid solution (P1), carcass immersion in 3% citric acid (P2), and carcass immersion in combination of acetic acid solution and citric acid, 1.5% each (P3). The second factor was the time after immersion contain of 3 levels: 0 hours (W1), 4 hours (W2), and 8 hours (W3). Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance. Broiler carcass immersed in acetic acid and citric acid solution as well as the time of application showed no difference effect on protein content (P0.05). In conclusioin, acetic acid, citric acid, and the time after dipping reaching 8 hours did not affect the protein content of broiler meat. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: broiler carcass , citric acid 3%, acetic acid 3%, protein content
22. PENGARUH UMUR LARVA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENJANTANAN MENGGUNAKAN HORMON METHYL TESTOSTERONE (MT) ALAMI Effect of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Age in Masculinization Process Using Methyl Testosterone (MT) Natural Hormones
Authors: R Rosmaidar
Published: September 2021

This research aims to know the influence of larvae of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) age on masculinization process by the administration of methyl testosterone (MT) natural hormones. This research used 270 nile tilapia larvae divided into 3 age of groups: 5 days (PI), 10 days (PII), and 20 days (PIII), with three repetitions. Larvae were dipped in MT natural hormone for 20 days then reared until age of 60 days, followed by observations of fish sex. The average percentage of male-sex of tilapia fish after dipping with methyl testosterone natural hormone on group PI, PII, and PIII were 68.07%, 66.47%, and 57.29%, respectively. It can be concluded that the age of larvae do not affect the percentage of masculinization process of nile tilapia fish. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: larvae tilapia, masculinization, methyl testosterone natural hormone
17. PENGARUH PENCELUPAN KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING DALAM LARUTAN ASAM SITRAT DAN ASAM ASETAT TERHADAP PENGHAMBATAN WAKTU PEMBUSUKAN The Immersion Effect of Broiler Carcass in Citric Acid and Acetic Acid On Spoilage Process Inhibition
Authors: H Hilmiati
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the immersion effect of chicken carcass in 3% citric acid, 3% acetic acid, and combination of 1.5% citric acid and 1.5% acetic acid on the spoilage time. A total of 36 broiler carcasses were divided into 4 treatment groups. The observation was conducted three times on 0, 4, and 8 hours. Broiler carcass in control group (K0) was without immersion in acid solution, while broiler carcass in first groups (K1), second groups (K2), and third groups (K3) were dipped in 3 % acetic acid, 3 % citric acid, and combination of 1.5 % acetic acid + 1.5 % citric acid, respectively. The data were analyzed using two way of analysis of variances. The average amount of spoilage chicken carcass in K0 vs K1 vs K2 vs K3 vs K4 on 0, 4, and 8 hours dipping were 0.0 vs 0.0 vs 0.0 vs 0.0, 1.0 vs 0.0 vs 0.33 vs 0.67, and 1.33 vs 1.33 vs 1.0 vs 1.33. The result showed that the immersion treatment was not significantly affect the spoilage time of the chicken carcass (P0.05), however the effect of treatment was significantly different between spoilage time (P0.05). The spoilage time were significantly differences (P0.05) between 0 and 4th hour (p= 0.008), 0 and 8th hour (p= 0.000), and 4th and 8th hour (p= 0.000). In conclusion, broiler carcass immersed in 3% acetic acid, 3% citric acid and their combination could inhibit spoilage time. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: chicken carcass, citric acid 3%, acetic acid 3%, spoilage time
10. DETEKSI BILIRUBIN URINE ORANGUTAN SUMATERA (Pongo abelii) MENGGUNAKAN STRIP TEST SEMIKUANTITATIF DI PUSAT REINTRODUKSI JANTHO Detection of Bilirubin on sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) Urine Using Semiquantitative Strip Test in Center of Jantho Reintroduction
Authors: H. Vicky Diawan
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to find out the presence of bilirubin on sumateran orangutan urine as a medical record and a supporting diagnostic of orangutan in Jantho Reintroduction Centre, Aceh Besar. The urine samples were collected from ten sumateran orangutans from forest, around the cage, and in the cage. Urine was collected in the morning when orangutan woke up and left the nest or before first feed for orangutan which was in the cage. The replication test was done eight times within four weeks. The bilirubin test was directly carried out by dipping the strip test in 5-10 mL urine for 30 second. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and the result was semiquantitative, through the examination of bilirubin value using 4 scale discoloration of strip test: negative (0 mg/dL), small (1 mg/dL), moderate (2 mg/dL), and large (4 mg/dL). The result showed that bilirubin was not detected on 9 out of 10 sumateran orangutan samples, only one sumateran orangutan positively detected the presence of bilirubin which categorize in small (1 mg/dL) scale. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: bilirubin, sumateran orangutan, strip test, urine
13. The Amount of Melanomacrophage centres (MMC) in Liver and Kidneys of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Maintained in Various Population Density
Authors: Hadi Nurul , Aliza Dwina , Daud Razali
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research was to find out the amount of melanomacrophage centres (MMC) in liver and kidney of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish reared in high dense population. Fifty nile tilapia were grouped in four treatment groups, group I contain 5 fish, group II contain 10 fish, group III contain 15 fish and group IV contain 20 fish. Treatment was carried out for 24 hours. Fish was necropsied to collect the liver and kidney, fixed in NBF 10% then proceed to histopathological method using hematoxilin and eosin for staining. Histopathological observation was done microscopically, and MMC was captured by photomicrograph. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the average of MMC number in fish liver in group K1, K2, K3, and K4 were 9.6, 11.3, 12.6, and 13.2. While the average of MMC number in fish kidney were 5.5, 7.7, 8.5, and 9.2, respectively. The higher the dense of population the higher the amount of MMC found in liver and kidney of nile tilapia.
15. Isolation of Pseudomonas sp . That failed to hatch quail’s eggs (coturnix-coturnix japonica ) in Garot, Darul Imarah Subdistric, Aceh Besar
Authors: Rapi Dara Hayati , Erina Erina , Darniati Darniati
Published: September 2021

The research aimed to isolate Pseudomonas sp from fail to hatch quail eggs in Garot village, Darul Imarah subdistrict, Aceh Besar. Thirty failed to hatch quail eggs were examined in microbiology laboratory of Veternery Medical, Faculty Syiah Kuala University. Modification of examined Carter method was used in this research. The result of this research showed 12 of 30 samples examine we were positive infected by pseudomonas sp. It can concluded that bacteria Pseudomonas sp is one of the causes of failure hatching quail eggs in Garot village, Darul Imarah subdistrict, Aceh Besar
2. Antibacterial Test of Red Dragon Fruit Extract Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Against Bacteria Salmonella pullorum
Authors: Maulana Ichsan , Harris Abdul , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Dewi Maryulia , Safika Safika , Erina Erina , Jalaluddin Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the red dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract on the growth of Salmonella pullorum. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Red dragon fruit peels that used in this study is obtained from  ripe fruit and Salmonella pullorum cultures is  obtained from  Microbiology Laboratory of Veterinary Faculty Unsyiah. Salmonella pullorum culture added evenly on the surface of Mueller Hinton Agar, the number of the bacteria have been standarized using Mc Farland'1 method. Discs soaked in the red dragon fruit peels extracts at different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 40 mg/mL, and 60 mg/ml). Ampicillin is used as positive controls and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) was placed on the surface of Mueller Hinton Agar. The parameters in this study is the inhibition zone diameter. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the red dragon fruit peel extract is able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella  pullorum and the average of  inhibition diameter zone at a concentration 60 mg / ml is 9.6 mm, 40 mg / ml is 9.4 mm and 20 mg / ml is 9.3 mm
7. Effect of Soya Wastes Probiotic and Palm Kernel Addition Fermented by Aspergillus niger to the Cellulase Activity in Broilers Digestive Tract
Authors: Nurliana Nurliana , Farida Anna , Sugito Sugito , Azhar Al , Razali Razali , Thasmi Cut Nila
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the cellulase activity in broilers digestive tract after the treatment of soya wastes and palm kernel fermented by A.niger (AKBIS Prob) in the ration. This study used a complete randomized factorial design, which consists of two factors, namely the AKBIS Prob composition factor and the duration of AKBIS Prob. Twenty four broilers were divided into four groups by randomized and three replications of each. The feed supplement combinations were P0 (commercial), P1 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 2%), P2 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 4%), and P3 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 6%). The intestine preparation was taken at the 22 and 36 days to extraction and detection the cellulase activity concentration. Data were analyzed using variance analysis of factorial patterns. AKBIS Prob 2,4 and 6% was no effect (P 0.05) to the cellulase activity in the small and large intestine, while the treatment duration was significant (P0,05) in the small intestine but neither in the large intestine (P0,05) to the cellulase activity. The addition of AKBIS Prob 2.4 and 6% had no effect (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine and large intestine, while the duration the treatment was very significant (P 0.05) in the small intestine and neither in the large intestine (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity. The AKBIS administration in the ration for 22 days can increase the activity and concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine of the digestive tract of broiler chickens.
4. Change In The Total Abdominal Fat Content Of Broiler Chicken (Gallus Sp.) Gived Non-Commercial Rations Which Fermentation Moringa Leave (Moringa Aloifera Lamk)
Authors: Azhar Al , Firdaus Intan , Asmilia Nuzul , Isa M. , Rosmaidar Rosmaidar , Sabri Mustafa
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of fermented Moringa aloifera Lamk Leaf Flour (FMLF) on the amount of abdominal fat content in broiler chickens (Gallus sp). Twenty eight broiler chickens were randomly design into 4 treatment groups with 7 replications each. The (P0) as control group was given 100% commercial ransom, (P1) was given 95% commercial ransom and 5% FMLF, (P2) was given 92.5% and 7.5% FMLF, and (P3) was given 90% commercial ransom and 10% FMLF. The ransom was given for 23 days. The results showed that the abdominal fat contant of broiler chicken in P1 was significantly higher (P0,05) than that of P0, P2 and P3 There was no decrease in fat abdominal contant of broiler chicken in P1, P2 and P3 compared to that in P0 control. In conclusion, subtitusion of commercial ransom with FMLF up to 10% did not result in a decrease of abdominal fat content of broiler chickens.
13. Total Microbial Contamination Are Added To Meat Curry Leaf Extract (Murraya Koenigii) The Concentration And Old Storage Different
Authors: Rastina Rastina , Hanisah Hanisah , Rosmaidar Rosmaidar , Razali Razali , Armansyah TR T. , Wahyuni Sri
Published: September 2021

This research aim to study the effect of curry leavesaddition in extracts form with different concentration and storage time to the total microbes on fresh beef. This study use beef sample obtained from Lambaro Market Aceh Besar. The sample was divided into 36 sections, each wieght 25 grams and curry leaf extracts add with 0%, 25% and 50%concentrations, and were stored at 4-10oC. Microbiological examination of beef using pour plate method. Observations were made every 3 days in day 0, 3, 6 and 9. Measured parameters is total bacteria (CFU / gr). Data processing is using analysis of variance and the significantly different results tested with Duncan Test. Observation total of microbes on day 0 the concentration of 0% (without the addition of curry leaf extract), 25% and 50% was 2.7 x 102 CFU / gr, 2.2 x102 CFU / gr and 6.8 x101. It still can be consumed because it is still below the safety zone1x104 CFU / gr accordance with SNI 01-6366-2000 (SNI 2008). Meanwhile the observations at 0% concentration after 3 days already exceeded the standard of SNI 4.2 x106 cfu / gr. Meat with 50% curry leaf extract addition is still safe to eat up to day 9. Interaction effect between the concentration and the curry leaf extract addition and storage timeto the total microbe is not significantly different (P 0.01). Curry leaf extract addition and storage time factors is very significant (P 0.01) to the total microbes. These results indicated that curry leaf effective  into a preservative against fresh meat.
15. The Effect of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Leaf Infusion on Blood Cholesterol Levels in White Male Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Alloxan
Authors: Moelviani Kiky , Sugito Sugito , Roslizawaty Roslizawaty , NA Zuhrawati , Rusli Rusli , Armansyah TR T.
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves infusion on blood cholesterol levels in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan. The sample used in this study were 25 white male rats Wistar strained aged 3-4 months with a bodyweight of 150-200 grams. The design used are were unidirectional pattern of completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment 1 (P1) rats  were given with the standard feed. Treatment 2 (P2),rats  were induced by alloxan. Treatment 3 (P3) rats were induced by alloxan and given 2 ml of 5% celery leaf infusion therapy. Treatment 4 (P4) rats  were induced by alloxan and given 2 ml of 10% celery leaf infusion therapy. Treatment 5 (P5) rats  were induced by alloxan and given 2 ml of 15% celery leaf infusion therapy. Celery leaf infusion was given every morning and evening. Administration of  alloxan with a single dose of 150 mg / kg in  IP and celery leaf infusion therapy were given for 14 days. Rat blood cholesterol levels checked using the CHOD-PAP. Data were analyzed using ANOVA completely randomized design. Mean (± SD) of cholesterol in treatment P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 sequence was 52.8 ± 9.09; 50.4 ± 18.53; 42.6 ± 4.51; 40.2 ± 52.8 ± 7.19 and 2.39. The results showed that the infusion of celery leaves was not showing any effect (P 0.05) on blood cholesterol levels of white male rats induced by alloxan. Administration of celery leaves (Apium graveolens L.) infusion for 14 days with a concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% have no effect on blood cholesterol levels in male rats induced by alloxan.
22. The Effect Of Giving White Pure Ethanol Extract (Allium sativum) On The Growth Of Aeromonas hydrophyla Bacteria In Goldfish (Cypirinus carpio) cultivation
Authors: Rahmi Zikrina , Harahap Diannita , Lubis Syafrina Sari , Darmawi Darmawi
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) to the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. Sample of A. hydrophila was obtained from the Fish Quarantine Station of the Aceh Fisheries Product Quality and Safety Control.Extraction of garlic was conducted by maceration method using ethanol solvent. This study used 6 treatments and consisted of three replications. Treatment I concentration of garlic extract 45%, treatment II with concentration of garlic extract 50%, treatment III concentration 55%, treatment IV concentration 60%. Positive control used chloramphenicol antibiotics and negative control used 96% ethanol. The test results showed that 60% garlic extract (A. sativum) was more effective in inhibiting the growth of A. hydrophila bacteria compared to other concentrations. The lowest effect was owned by 45%. Ethanol extract of garlic (A. sativum)had the ability to inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila because it has antibacterial compounds.
2. Anti-Bacterial Activity Of N-Hexane Extract Of Malacca Leave (Phyllanthus emblica) On Mice (Mus musculus) Inoculated By Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vivo
Authors: Syahputri Nada Sarah , Asmilia Nuzul , Rinidar Rinidar , Sutriana Amalia , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Riady Ginta
Published: September 2021

Malacca plant (Phyllanthus emblica) is one of the medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of n-hexane extract of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vivo. All mice were first induced by Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Negative control (K1) was given aquadest, positive control (K2) was given ciproflaxacin suspension at doses of 20 mg/kg BW, while K3, K4, and K5 were given n-hexane extract of Malacca leave at dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. Respectively blood sampling was carried out on the 5th day after treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the mean (± SD) number of bacterial colonies in K1 was 656x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies in K2 was 2328x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 100 mg/kg BW on K3 was 359,60x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 200 mg/kg BW at K4 was 200x10² cfu/ml and the average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 300 mg/kg BW at K5 was 3483x10² cfu/ml. The results showed there were no significant difference among treatment groups (P 0.05). N-hexane extract of malacca leave was unable to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vivo
1. The Sensitivity Level Of Gentamicine, Cholramphenicol and Penicillin Inhibiting The Growth Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria Isolate From Aceh Bull Prepunce
Authors: Admi Mada , Sitorus Annisa Anwar , Rinidar Rinidar , Sutriana Amalia , Rosmaidar Rosmaidar , Sugito Sugito
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the sensitivity level of gentamicin, chloramphenicol and penicillin antibiotics to inhibit the bacterial growth of P. aeruginosa taken from preputium isolate of Aceh cattle. This Stock of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from Microbiology Laboratory of FKH USK, re-identified its purity through: indole test, methyl red test, sugar test and as well as on Nutrient Broth (NB) media; incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours; observed the turbidity level of 0.5 Mc Farland solution. Then, the antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using the method of Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). The observations were made by measure the inhibition zone using the calipers in millimeters (mm) against antibiotics. The results of the observation of the inhibition zone on the gentamicin antibiotic was averaged of 25.5 mm, 23.7 mm chloramphenicol, and 12.1 mm penicillin. This study concluded that the gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and penicillin antibiotic were still effective against P. aeruginosa bacteria with the highest level of sensitivity seen in gentamicin antibiotic.
The Histological Structure Of The Crop (Ingluvies) In Poultry
Authors: Z Zainuddin , Masyitha Dian , Mulyana Yusni , F Fitriani
Published: September 2021

This research aims to see the histological structure of the crop in poultry. Animals used were chicken (Gallus domesticus), duck (Anser anserdomesticus), and pigeon (Columba domesticus) each group consists of three animals. Crop tissue of each animal were taken and processed inmicrotechnic and stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin (HE), then observed with digital microscope. The results showed that there were thesimilarity of the general structures of crop from the three types of these poultry. which consists of the tunica mucosa, tuni ca submucosa, tunicamuscularis and tunica serosa. Lamina muscularis in duck is more obvious than chicken and pigeon. Mucosal gland of duck shaped oval, chickenshaped rounded, and the pigeons are not found. Tunica muscularis duck arranged longitudinally in the outside dan ci rcular in the inside. Tunicamuscularis duck arranged longitudinally in the inside, and circular in the outside, and tunica muscularis in pigeon just arranged longitudinally.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: histological, crop, poultry
Cholera Case Study on Broiler Poultry Collected from Communities Farm in Banda Aceh Using Pathology Method
Authors: Z Zainuddin
Published: September 2021

Fowl cholera is an infectious bacterial disease that is widespread in poultry in the world caused by Pasteurellamultocida. The disease infects both fowl and wild poultry. Poultry become more sensitive to the disease on advance age of chicken and on laying chicken. Generally, thisdisease infects breeding flocks of males with the aged of 33 weeks, and in breeding flocks at age 35 weeks with the symptoms of increasedmortality, and wattle and leg swelling. P multocida infection in chickens aged 25 weeks was reported in Korea. In northern Iran, cholera hasbeen reported endemic in poultry breeders. In chickens, this disease can be manifested in the acute and chronic forms. Generally, fowl cholera isasepticemic disease characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, usually runs an acute, but in an endemic area the poultry is lesssensitive to this disease, thus,it was grouped to chronic disease. Chronic form of fowl cholera may occur after the outbreak. Recently, fowlcholera incidence in broiler chickens is becoming more common. These cases are associated with farm conditions that are very unhygienic andthe contact between chickens and carrier animals. In Indonesia P. multocida has been isolated from sudden deathlaying hens and broilers. InAceh province incidence of cholera in poultry broiler farms and chicken is quite high, the rate of morbidity and mortality are high.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: chicken, fowl cholera, Pasteurella multocida
Histopathology of Heart Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Due to the Use of Cooking Oil
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Balqis Ummu , Friyan Eko Karunia
Published: September 2021

This research aims to study the histopathological picture of rats (Rattus norvegicus) heart as a result of the provision of waste cooking oil3x, 6x, and 9x frying. This study used 20 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing of ± 300 g. Rats were grouped into 4 treatment groups,adapted for one week, feed and drink ad libitum. The second week to eight week rats were given orally cooking oil every day with a dose of 1 ml. A group of rats was given cooking oil (negative control). Group B, C, and D were given cooking oil 3x, 6x, and 9x frying. Mi ce were euthanizedafter 60 days, then necropsied to collect the heart. Heart was then put into Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF) for fixation, then follow withhistopathology preparation. Parameters measured were hyperemia, hemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis of the heart. Results were analyzeddescriptively with the scoring system. Test results are grouped into three categories, namely, mild (+), moderate (++), and weight (+++). Thehystopathological results of the heart found were an increasing number of hyperemia, hemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis as a result of thefrequency of frying.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: heart, cooking oil, rats
The Potency of Ageratum conyzoides Leaves Exract to Reduce Mikroorganism in Broiler Intestine
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Sulasmi Sulasmi , Jamin Faisal
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to determine the effect of bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) leaf extract on the amount of bacteria in broiler intestine. This research consists of 3 treatment groups with 5 replicates. Chickens used were 25 days. Group P0 was control group without administration of bandotan leaf extract, treatment 1 (P1) was given 3ml of bandotan leaf extract, and treatment 2 (P2) was given 4ml of bandotan leaf extract. The extract was given once daily for 5 consecutive days. The result showed that the average amount of microbe on P0, P1, and P2 were 2.50x105, 1.75x105, and 1.34x105.The results of analysis of variance showed that bandotan leaf extract significantly (P0.5) decrease the amount of bacteria in broiler intestines. Based on these results it can be concluded that the effect of bandotan leaf extract inhibit the growth of bacteria in broiler intestine.Key words: broiler, bandotan leaf extract, caecum
Modeling And Mapping of Soil Salinity And Alkalinity Using Remote Sensing Data And Topographic Factors
Authors: Shahrayini Elham , Noroozi Ali Akbar
Published: September 2021

Soil salinity and alkalinity seriously threaten crop production, soil productivity and sustainable agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, leading to land degradation, therefore, spatial distribution of these parameters are really important for successful management of such areas. The surface soil salinity and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) have been modeled in this article. Auxiliary data were terrain attributes derived from digital elevation model (DEM), remote sensing spectral bands, and indices of vegetation and salinity derived from Landsat 8 OLI satellite. In total, 118 soil samples were collected from depth of 0-15 cm in homogenous units at Doviraj plain in the southern part of Ilam province, western Iran. Saturated electrical conductivity (ECe), SAR and other soil properties were analyzed and calculated. To model ECe and SAR parameters with the auxiliary data, stepwise multi linear regression (SMLR) and random forest (RF) regression were applied. The highest accuracy were obtained through RF model with validation coefficient of determination (R2val) =0.82 and 0.83 and validation root mean square error (RMSEval)=7.40 dS/m and 11.20 for ECe and SAR respectively. Furthermore, results indicated that strongest influence on the prediction of soil salinity followed by Band10, principal component analysis (PC3), Vertical Distance to Channel Network (VDCN) and Analytical Hill Shading (AH). Also, Band10, Band11, Flow Accumulation (FA) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) were the important covariate in alkalinity prediction through RF model. Finally, it is suggested that similar techniques can be used to map and monitor soil salinity and alkalinity in other parts of arid regions.
The Bidirectional Effects of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Chinese Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Dynamic Structural Equation Model
Authors: Hong Danping , Zhu Yawen , Chen Runting , Xiao Bihong , Huang Yueyi , Yu Meng
Published: September 2021

Background: With the accumulation of negative emotions bought by COVID-19-related dysfunctional beliefs, individuals adopted obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms (e.g., over-checking the wearing of masks) and formed difficulties in emotion regulation (DER). Both OC symptoms and DER had a devastating impact on the individual's mental health. This study focused on the temporal dynamics of the bidirectional relation between OC symptoms and DER. As an extension, we further explored whether OC and DER and their relationship affect sleep problems (SP).Methods: In February 2020, a 14-day (twice a day) online questionnaire survey was conducted on 122 Chinese adults (aged 18 to 55 years; 63 females). In addition, this research applied a dynamic structural equation model with a cross-lagged relationship and a time series. Health anxiety, anxiety, and depression were controlled as covariates.Results: Both OC symptoms and DER had a significant autoregressive and cross-lagged effect. Comparatively speaking, DER was a stronger predictor of OC symptom than OC’s prediction of DER. Besides, both higher levels of OC symptoms and DER were related to the severity of SP.Conclusions: More guidance on identifying intervening OC symptoms and emotion regulation should be added to reduce the external crisis's negative impact on public mental health.
Level and Factors Associated with the Satisfaction of Teaching Staff with the COVID-19 Vaccination Program.
Authors: Algado-Selles Natividad , Chico-Sánchez Pablo , Gras-Valentí Paula , Jiménez-Sepúlveda Natali Juliet , Gómez-Sotero Isel Lilibeth , Guerrero-Soler María , Platas-Abenza Guillermo , Fuster-Pérez Marina , Cartagena-Llopis Lidia , Sánchez-Valero María , Cerezo-Milán Patricia , Martínez-Tornero Iluminada , Tremiño-Sánchez Laura , Nadal-Morante Verónica , Monerris-Palmer Miranda , Esclapez-Martínez Ana , Villanueva-Ruiz Cesar , Barrenengoa-Sañudo Julio , Riera-Giner Fernando , Montiel-Higuero Inés , Llorens-Soriano Pere , Sánchez-Payá José , Pérez Elena María Ronda
Published: September 2021

Background The impact of COVID-19 triggered an unparalleled effort towards the development of a vaccine given that vaccination is currently the most important strategy available for controlling the pandemic. Achieving high levels of vaccination coverage is key to this approach, and requires knowledge of user satisfaction levels. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the levels of satisfaction with the COVID-19 vaccination program among vaccinated school workers.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study which included the staff from educational centres invited for vaccination over 4 days at the Hospital General University Hospital of Alicante. The survey included sociodemographic variables, 13 questions on satisfaction with the vaccination program, and one open question for further suggestions. Satisfaction was calculated globally for each question and specifically by employing Student t-tests; the association between each variable and a high level of satisfaction was analysed with Chi-squared tests. Results Of 9,869 professionals invited, 9,261 attended the appointment; 5,756 were offered the possibility of participating in this survey and 2,989 (51.9%) accepted. The highest overall scores were assigned to the treatment patients received at the ‘registration point’ and the care they received from nurses during the vaccination. The aspect for which the lowest levels of satisfaction were registered was for the information received prior to vaccination. Sex and place of work were significantly associated with a high degree of satisfaction.Conclusions Understanding people’s perception of vaccination programs is essential to implementing improvements and to increase vaccination coverage. The level of satisfaction among school personnel was remarkably high, especially in relation to the treatment and attention they received at different points during the vaccination care circuit.
Identification and Expression Analysis of DUF4228 Domain Containing (DDP) Genes in Potato Under Abiotic and Phytohormone Stress
Authors: sharif yasir , Zaynab Madiha , Khan Khalid Ali , Li Shuangfei
Published: September 2021

DUF4228 (Domain of unknown function 4228) proteins are widely distributed in plants and performed a vital role in abiotic stress response. In potato (Solanum tuberosum), the study of the DUF4228 gene family is sparse. To understant the role of DUF4228 in potato a comprehensive genome-wide analysis was carried out in potato genome. Further, the StDUAF4228 genes relative expression was also evaluated in various plant tissues. In the present study identified 31 StDUF4228 genes were clustered into six groups. The promoter analysis of StDUF4228 revealed various cis-acting regulatory components response to abiotic and phytohormones stresses. Under selection pressure, gene duplication also showed various positive and purifying selections in StDUF4228 genes. Expression profiling indicated that StDUF4228 genes were broadly expressed in various tissues and organs in potato. Moreover, the StDUF4228 genes profiles expression was characterized through RNA-sequence analysis data under salt and heat treatments. In potato, StDUF4228-4, StDUF4228-14, StDUF4228-21, and StDUF4228-30 represented a high expression under salt and heat stress.Furthermore, 23 genes under IAA treatment and 18 under ABA treatment, showed that IAA and ABA played a vital role in stresses. The RT-qPCR and expression profilling exhibited high expression in root tissues. Moreover multiple miRNA target StDUF4228 genes in potato.These expression results provide primary reference data and functional analysis data for other commercial crops.
Worsening Drought of Nile Basin under shift in Atmospheric Circulation, Stronger ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Mahmoud Shereif , Gan Thian Yew , Allan Richard , Li Jianfeng , Funk Chris
Published: September 2021

Until now, driving mechanisms behind recurring droughts and hydroclimate variations that controls the Nile River Basin (NRB) remain not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that recent increasing aridity of NRB is attributed to the growing influence of stronger ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), and SST gradient over the Arabian Sea (WTIO) in NRB after 1980s, which have significantly contributed to NRB’s drought severity at inter-annual to inter-decadal timescales. Further, the southward (westward) shift in stream functions and meridional (zonal) winds caused an enhancement in the blocking pattern, with strong anticyclonic waves of dry air that keeps moving into NRB, has resulted in drier NRB, where its streamflow at gauging stations have decreased from 137 to 114.1 m3/s/decade. Contrary to past findings, we show that IOD and WTIO are better predictors of the Nile streamflow than El Niño. Under the combined impact of warming and stronger WTIO and El Niño, future droughts of the NRB will worsen.
Factors Influencing Medical Students’ Learning Approach in Qatar
Authors: Qureshi Sheila S. , Larson Adam H. , Vishnumolakala Venkat R.
Published: September 2021

Background

This study investigated the relevance of the two-factor R-SPQ-2F questionnaire designed by Biggs et al for exploring the learning approaches of medical students in Qatar and identify whether factors like gender, year level, and educational attainment influence student learning.
Methods

The sample consisted of 108 medical students (44% male, 56% female) from all four years of medical school at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q). Participants completed the 20-item R-SPQ-2F questionnaire to measure their learning approaches through a two-factor structural model that contrasts deep and surface learning. Participants also completed a survey collecting demographic information.
Results

Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in deep learning approaches across year levels for both males and females. Additionally, educational attainment played a significant role in learning approach preference.
Conclusions

Based on structural equation modeling, this cross-verification study supports the two-factor R-SPQ-2F instrument and offers additional evidence for its robustness and application to medical education. These findings may help educational and program leaders in Qatar better understand medical students’ learning approaches to enhance their pedagogical practices.
Effectiveness of Educational Module of Autism Spectrum Disorder (EMASD) in Identifying Children with ASD among preschool teachers: A Study Protocol for Parallel Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial feasibility study
Authors: Taresh Sahar Mohammed , Ahmad Nor Aniza , Roslan Samsilah , Ma'rof Aini Marina , Zaid sumaia mohammed
Published: September 2021

Background: Increasing efforts have been focused on providing a quality education for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) after identifying them at an early stage. Preschool teachers play a major role in the main ASD identification system as they represent the gatekeepers to identify and refer any children suspected of ASD to specialists. However, there is little literature available on the ability of preschool teachers of their perception regarding this role.Aim: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an educational module to identify children with ASD (EMASD). The second objective is to assess the initial impact of the EMASD on improving preschool teacher’s ability to identify children with ASD in a normal school.Method: This pilot study will examine the feasibility of the randomised controlled trial (RCT) using EMASD as an intervention. The intervention will be ten weekly group-based sessions designed to improve the knowledge, belief, identification skills, and self-efficacy to identify children with ASD among Yemeni preschool teachers. The teachers will be randomly assigned to the intervention group that will receive the EMASD and the control group without any intervention. The feasibility will be determined based on the effectiveness as measured by questionnaires and open-ended questions. General linear measurement (GLM) will be used to compare the outcome scores in the questionnaire between the two groups and within the group whereas thematic analysis will be used to analyse the open-ended questions. Expected outcomes: The findings from this study will give critical empirical data about the feasibility of EMASD.Discussion: EMASD has the potential to increase the ability of preschool teachers to detect children with ASD. The findings from the feasibility study will be utilised to improve the research protocol of the randomised controlled trial and to ensure a better design of an intervention for a larger powered trial in the future.