bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virgilio en la muerte de Celestina
Authors: García Plaza Manuel
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
La Celestina y Nati Mistral: una buena oportunidad perdida (adaptación de Luis García Montero)
Authors: Castro González José Luis
Published: February 2021

N/A
Francisco Herrera, La materia celestinesca. Un hipertexto literario
Authors: Vicente García Luis Miguel de
Published: February 2021

N/A
Celestina: documento bibliográfico (vigésimotercer suplemento)
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
La seducción de Celestina y el honor de Melibea en la recepción de Feliciano de Silva
Authors: Rodríguez Casanova Francisco
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Transgendered Sex and Healing in Celestina
Authors: Dangler Jean
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Rodrigo and Calixto: A New Version of Las quejas de Jimena
Authors: Armistead Samuel G. , Askins Arthur L.-F.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Sobre La adulteración de la «Celestina» y los nuevos rumbos de la crítica celestinesca
Authors: López-Ríos Santiago
Published: February 2021

N/A
Historia de la recepción de Celestina: 1499-1822. II: 1499-1600
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Celestina de Fernando de Rojas: documento bibliográfico (vigésimoquinto suplemento)
Authors: Snow Joseph T. , Del Valle Mónica María
Published: February 2021

N/A
Nota del editor
Authors: Canet José Luis
Published: February 2021

N/A
Una familia de meretrices: prostitutas públicas y privadas, cortesanas, rameras y putas viejas en La Celestina
Authors: Abril-Sánchez Jorge
Published: February 2021

La firma del decreto regio de conversión o expulsión de los moriscos de 31 de marzo de 1492 produjo grandes cambios en la sociedad española. Con la publicación de nuevos códigos legislativos, las autoridades civiles pretendían borrar el bagaje cultural heredado de la época pasada y controlar la libertad sexual de una comunidad que se había visto atraída por actividades, como la prostibularia, que atentaban contra los valores ético-religiosos. En La Celestina, Melibea se introduce en el mundo de la prostitución de mano de una alcahueta y sus discípulas, con las que acaba formando una verdadera familia de meretrices.
Fallen, Unrepentant, and Unforgiven: Calisto at «la Madalena»
Authors: Burton David
Published: February 2021

Fernando de Rojas en La Celestina hace pocas referencias a la religión y a espacios sacros. La única alusión específica a tales lugares es la iglesia de la Madalena. Allí se dirige Calisto a pedir para que los empeños de Celestina con repecto a Melibea resulten positivos. El acto de ir a la Madalena se repite tres veces durante el transcurso de la obra. Así, Rojas le presenta al lector otro ejemplo más de la ironía que permea toda la obra. Este ensayo trata sobre la historia y las leyendas de Santa María Magdalena y demuestra cómo las referencias a esta santa acentúan la ironía del esfuerzo de Calisto por hacer de Melibea su amada.
Funcionalidad de la adopción discursiva en La Celestina: de Melibea a «Melilithbea»
Authors: Muñoz-Basols Javier
Published: February 2021

Al comienzo de La Celestina el estatus nobiliario de Melibea aparece enmarcado bajo la figura de sus padres. Conforme avanza la trama, la protagonista sufre una transformación moral propiciada por «la adopción discursiva», es decir, el uso de vocablos propios del entorno familiar cuya finalidad es desarrollar una proximidad semántico-funcional entre los personajes. En nuestro análisis, establecemos también un breve paralelismo semántico entre la historia bíblica de Lilith, una de las primeras mujeres transgresoras de la cultura occidental, y la evolución de la protagonista de la Tragicomedia. Tanto la función explicativa de ambos personajes, el bíblico y el ficticio, como la adopción discursiva, contribuyen a ilustrar la arraigada existencia en la época medieval de la hija transgresora como elemento desestabilizador del seno familiar.
La identidad masculina en Celestina: la emasculación de Pármeno
Authors: Tozer Amanda J. A.
Published: February 2021

Este artículo pretende analizar con profundidad los vínculos afectivos que mantiene o rompe Pármeno con los demás con el objetivo de arrojar luz sobre la perdición de Pármeno y su subsiguiente lucha para aseverar su masculinidad de una manera circunspecta. El eje de este estudio gira en torno a los cambios que se van produciendo en el estilo dialógico de Pármeno, interpretados como consecuencia directa del conflicto interno que experimenta éste al sustituir la razón por la emoción, en un afán de ganar la aprobación de sus contemporáneos masculinos por vía de la experiencia compartida del cortejo.
«Valle de lágrimas» y lugares de la gloria: la Celestina y el Salmo 83/84
Authors: Galván Luis
Published: February 2021

Las últimas palabras de Pleberio son tanto una cita de la oración «Salve Regina» como una alusión al salmo 83 según la numeración de la Vulgata (84 según la hebrea). Las traducciones latinas de ese salmo y su comentario por San Jerónimo coinciden con la Celestina en el uso de los arquetipos del lugar ameno y el lugar horrible, y de la caída. Así pues, la alusión al salmo al final de la obra sugiere una ascensión simétrica al descenso experimentado por los personajes.
La Celestina camino de América. El libro en circulación en la Carrera de Indias (siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Rueda Ramírez Pedro
Published: February 2021

El éxito editorial de La Celestina plantea interesantes problemas en torno a su distribución en el mercado del libro americano. Nos hemos centrado en su circulación, localizando la obra en las listas de libros embarcados en los navíos de la Carrera de Indias para distribuirse en América. La muestra nos permite tener una amplia panorámica de la «vida» en distribución del libro desde fines del siglo XVI hasta 1650. El estudio permite localizar La Celestina o la Escuela de Celestina de Salas Barbadillo en un total de treinta y seis ocasiones.
Celestina: documento bibliográfico (Vigesimoséptimo suplemento)
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Celestina: documento bibliográfico (Vigésimoctavo suplemento)
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Celestina – a Spanish Novel on the East German Stage before and after German Reunification
Authors: Eckhart Gabriele
Published: February 2021

Este estudio compara dos adaptaciones alemanas de Celestina —una escrita antes y otra después de la reunificación de Alemania en 1990. Las dos adaptaciones cambian el argumento de Fernando de Rojas de diferente forma. Mientras Karl Mickel introduce dos miembros de la Inquisición, los cuales planifican y dirigen la trama, Manfred Wekwerth introduce un cura hipócrita y, por otra parte, intensifica la codicia y las habilidades comerciales de Celestina, para lo cual añade diálogos entre ella y sus cómplices referentes al «dinero». En los dos casos, las razones de los diferentes cambios son socio-políticas. Mientras Mickel usa el texto de Fernando de Rojas para criticar la realidad de Alemania oriental antes de la caida del Muro con su policía secreta omnipresente, Wekwerth usa el mismo texto para expresar su descontento sobre la introducción del capitalismo en esta parte del mundo.
Celestina: documento bibliográfico (Trigésimo suplemento)
Authors: Palafox Eloísa
Published: February 2021

N/A
Los refranes de Celestina interpretados por su primer comentarista
Authors: Bizzarri Hugo O.
Published: February 2021

El compendio conocido como Celestina comentada ha sido analizado en repetidas oportunidades para conocer esta particular forma de recepción de la obra. Específicamente, se ha destacado su relación con el ámbito del derecho al conjeturarse que ha sido escrita por un abogado imbuido por la corriente del mos gallicus que estaba de moda a mediados del siglo XVI. En el presente trabajo se pretende profundizar otro aspecto: la concepción que este anónimo comentarista tenía de la lengua castellana. En este sentido, se acentúa la relación del autor con los studia humanitatis de donde proceden muchos de sus rasgos de comentario: la explicación de giros, la recurrencia a etimologías, la equiparación de la lengua vulgar a la latina, su consideración de la obra como clásico, entre otros. En definitiva, se postula que este comentario no se diferencia en su forma de interpretar las paremias a la que realizaron obras como el anónimo Seniloquium o la Philosophía vulgar de Juan de Mal Lara. Su inclusión, por tanto, en los studia humanitatis es indudable.
Language and Authority in the Celestina. Institutions, Incongruence and Shifting Symbolic Power
Authors: Gatland Emma
Published: February 2021

George Shipley (1968) sostiene que el poderío de las palabras funciona transitivamente en el mundo del que  se habla. Tres silogismos que estudiaré en este artículo son inherentes a este argumento: existen mundos alternativos en la Celestina aparte del mundo del que se habla. En la obra de Rojas, el lenguaje funciona dentro de y según estos mundos ficticios; el lenguaje tiene valores contradictorios y por eso la autoridad lingüística puede depreciarse o revalorizarse. Empleando la teoría del sociólogo francés Pierre Bourdieu, que reconoce la legitimidad del poderío lingüístico según las construcciones sociales en que funciona, investigo los cambios del ejercicio del poder en el discurso de Melibea y Celestina, con el fin de probar que cuando se entremezclan los mundos ficticios (el amor cortés y la prostitución) la autoridad lingüística se ve afectada irrevocablemente y que el lenguaje en la Celestina desestabiliza en la misma proporción en la que otorga poder.
Richard Strauss, Stefan Zweig, Joseph Gregor and the Story of the Celestina Opera that Almost was, with a Bibliographical Appendix of Celestina Operas in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Snow Joseph T. , Gimber Arno
Published: February 2021

Stefan Zweig, el conocido novelista austríaco y judío, colaboró con Richard Strauss en su Die Schweigsame Frau (La mujer silenciosa) en 1935 y, después, le sugirió al compositor una ópera basada en Celestina. El proyecto interesó a Strauss y quiso que Zweig fuese su colaborador, pero Zweig, en la Alemania de Hitler, temía más colaboraciones con Strauss y le propuso que trabajara con Josef Gregor, afamado historiador de teatro mundial. La historia completa de esta ópera que nunca llegó a componerse aparece aquí completa, respaldada por las cartas que escribieron los tres. Incluimos en dos apéndices una versión en inglés de la ópera que diseñó Gregor para Strauss además de una lista comentada de las óperas basadas en Celestina en el siglo veinte.
La Célestine au miroir du théâtre espagnol des XVIe et XVIIe siècles
Authors: Canavaggio Jean
Published: February 2021

El interés suscitado por La Celestina en los poetas dramáticos del Siglo de Oro se observa ante todo en el uso de refranes, sentencias y tópicos procedentes de la Tragicomedia. En cuanto a las intervenciones de la madre, se limitan, en la mayoría de los casos, a unas apariciones episódicas, excepto en El Caballero de Olmedo, de Lope de Vega, donde el personaje de Fabia es, sin la menor duda, una de sus imitaciones más logradas. Así y todo, tanto en Lope como en sus seguidores, la mezcla de lo cómico con lo trágico se rige por convenciones distintas a las que Rojas puso en obra. Aunque percibieron claramente la teatralidad de La Celestina, quisieron valerse de nuevos procedimientos para corresponder a las expectativas de su público, en vista de las condiciones específicas en que se formó y desarrolló la comedia aurisecular.
El concepto filosófico de felicidad en La Celestina
Authors: Crespeau Jean Baptiste
Published: February 2021

La visión del mundo que ofrece La Celestina ha sido muy generalmente calificada de pesimista, basándose en algunos elementos claves de la obra. En algunos casos, se ha querido relacionar este pesimismo con una corriente filosófica particular  (moralidad cristiana, escepticismo, petrarquismo, estoicismo, neoepicureísmo), o bien con una postura del propio autor, determinada por su condición de converso y la época de crisis en que vivió. A pesar de este pesimismo característico, queda la idea de felicidad muy presente en el texto, no tanto como resultado de una visión global o impresión del lector, sino por lo abundante y lo significativo de sus ocurrencias. Me propongo repasarlas y estudiarlas desde el punto de vista del concepto de felicidad tal y como se entendía generalmente en la baja Edad Media. Me ceñiré al propio texto de la Tragicomedia, dejando de lado las cuestiones del didacticismo, de la intencionalidad y de las fuentes, pues no se trataría de determinar qué nos dice el texto sobre la felicidad, sino cuáles son las modalidades de aparición del concepto y de sus diversas acepciones a lo largo de La Celestina, prestando particular atención al contexto y a la situación de cada ocurrencia léxica.
La Celestina, ¿una obra para la postmodernidad? Parodia religiosa, humor, «nihilismo»
Authors: Puerto Laura
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo toma como hipótesis un creciente interés hacia La Celestina que atribuimos a la posible conexión del texto con aquellos rasgos que sociológicamente definen la Postmodernidad. Centraremos nuestra atención en su crítica de las instituciones vigentes a través de la parodia religiosa, el humor y un componente «nihilista» que, independientemente de la finalidad moralizante argüida en los paratextos, nos parece defendible desde la trama interna de la obra.
Hacia una datación de la Tragicomedia de Polidoro y Casandrina: datos históricos e influencias literarias
Authors: Solana Segura Carmen
Published: February 2021

La Tragicomedia de Polidoro y Casandrina, quinta continuación celestinesca, fue datada por Stefano Arata en 1564. Sin embargo, analizando cinco datos históricos que aparecen en la obra y otros cinco datos literarios, tres de los cuales entran en relación directa con la picaresca, podemos establecer una fecha de composición más tardía, probablemente entre la última década del siglo XVI y la primera del XVII.
El estreno mundial y póstumo de la ópera La Celestina de Joaquín Nin-Culmell
Authors: Gimber Arno
Published: February 2021

N/A
Rompiendo las cadenas: el libre albedrío en los personajes de La Celestina
Authors: Iglesias Yolanda
Published: February 2021

Tradicionalmente se han venido siguiendo las ideas de Peter Russell en cuanto al papel activo de la magia en La Celestina. Según el crítico, entre otros, el conjuro que prepara Celestina tiene mucho que ver en el enamoramiento de Melibea, el comportamiento de Alisa y el desenlace trágico de la obra. En esta misma línea, Alan Deyermond añadió que la fuerza del conjuro también se apodera del inconcebible comportamiento de Calisto. El presente estudio toma una dirección diferente, pues se argumenta que los personajes de Fernando de Rojas no están movidos por fuerzas deterministas capaces de cambiar o anular su libre albedrío. Por el contrario, cada uno de ellos tiene voluntad de decisión lo que les permite crear su propio futuro. El mejor ejemplo de ello es Melibea, quien muestra estar en control de su vida tanto antes como después de la llegada de Celestina con el conjuro mágico. El que Rojas incluya la magia no es un indicador de que creyera en ella, sino una forma de dar verosimilitud al texto y gusto al lector por ser tema de interés en ese momento.
Celestina: Documento bibliográfico (suplemento número 32)
Authors: Paolini Devid
Published: February 2021

N/A
El sueño de Calisto
Authors: Garci-Gómez Miguel
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
The French Version of the Penitencia de amor
Authors: Drysdall D. L.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
La Celestina: documento bibliográfico. Suplemento XV
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Peripecias de un título: en torno al nombre de la obra de Fernando de Rojas
Authors: Berndt-Kelley Erna
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Sobre el problema del espacio en la Celestina
Authors: Czarocka Halina
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Comedia Poliscena. Introductory and Bibliographical Notes, Text, and Translation (I)
Authors: Jones Robert R.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Entrevista a José Blanco Gil, director de La Celestina en portugués
Authors: Madrigal José A.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Potential Risk of Developing Peripheral Neuropathy in Heavy Motor Vehicle Driving: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ali Kashif , Sharma Gaurav , Raza Nadeem , Mufti Aliya
Published: February 2021

Introduction: There is a growing concern regarding increasing road traffic accidents due to overburdened drivers, which also affect their general health. Drivers maintain the extreme position of arm, forearm, and legs which during distant journeys may put increased constraint on nerves passing in forearm and legs in addition to the vibrations transmission i.e., Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) and Foot Transmitted Vibration (FTV). Aim: To find out if chronic repeated movements at wrist and foot along with vibration transmitted from steering wheel and pedals influence the nerve conduction parameters and to find out which nerves are more prone to neurological conduction defects. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of two years in Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Physiology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Mean peak sensory and motor latency, mean motor and sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP) and Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) of median, ulnar and common peroneal nerve in Professional Heavy Vehicle Drivers (PHVD) was compared with non-drivers using Medicaid System’s (Electromyography) EMG/ (Nerve Conduction Velocity) NCV equipment with Neuroperfect Software. Student’s unpaired t-test was used to assess the significance of difference in nerve conduction study findings. Results: Heavy vehicle drivers showed slow Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity (SNCV) (drivers: 51.40±3.30, non-drivers: 53.66±3.60 in right hand p-value 0.0001) and (drivers: 52.51±3.78, non-drivers: 53.87±3.61 in left hand p-value=0.0145) and increase in sensory latency (drivers: 3.71±0.72, non-drivers: 2.89±0.56 in right hand p-value<0.0001 and drivers: 3.4±0.81 non-drivers: 2.76±0.70 in left hand p-value <0.0001) of median nerve. Ulnar nerve sensory latency was prolonged (drivers: 2.98±0.52, non-drivers: 2.76±0.42 in right hand p-value 0.0021 and drivers: 2.97±0.42, non-drivers: 2.80±0.65 in left hand p-value 0.0386) and sural nerve sensory latency was prolonged (drivers: 3.05±0.55, non-drivers: 2.78±0.54 in right leg p-value=0.0011 and drivers: 2.92±0.45, non-drivers: 2.69±0.40 in left leg p-value 0.0004).There was no significant difference in Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity (MNCV), motor latency, SNAP and CMAP of median, ulnar and common peroneal nerve among heavy vehicle drivers in comparison to non-drivers. Conclusion: We conclude that pressure and vibrations transmitted at hand and foot along with repeated movements at forearm wrist and pedals leads to more neurological conduction defects in median nerve than in ulnar and sural nerve. Flexibility in delivery time, incorporating judicious breaks in duty, better ergonomics design may help in improving work conditions of drivers.
Spectroelectrochemical and Chemical Evidence of Surface Passivation at Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) Photoanodes for Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Yongpeng , Xia Meng , Yao Liang , Mensi Mounir , Ren Dan , Grätzel Michael , Sivula Kevin , Guijarro Néstor
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in low‐cost manufacturing as well as in bulk/interface engineering have positioned zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4, ZFO) in the spotlight as a candidate material for solar water oxidation. However, the severe recombination at the reactive interface remains as the main source of the poor onset potential. Although catalytic overlayers have shown to override, at least partially, the surface recombination, passivating‐only coatings are barely explored despite holding the key to specifically suppress the recombination. Here, a sub‐nanometer Al2O3 layer is conformally deposited onto nanostructured ZFO, leading to a 100 mV shift in the onset potential reaching 0.80 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a fourfold photocurrent increase at 1.0 V versus RHE. The passivation‐only effect of Al2O3 is confirmed by the slowing down of the surface recombination detected by intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and by the transient photovoltage and photoluminescence experiments. Further characterization of the chemical states at the reactive interface reveals that the partial filling of the surface oxygen vacancies and the formation of a Zn2+–Al3+ Lewis adduct are potentially involved in the surface passivation. This study not only demonstrates that Al2O3 improves ZFO's onset potential but also sheds light on the up until now unknown surface passivation mechanism.
You Talking to Me? Cadherin and Integrin Crosstalk in Biomaterial Design
Authors: Barcelona‐Estaje Eva , Dalby Matthew J. , Cantini Marco , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel
Published: February 2021

While much work has been done in the design of biomaterials to control integrin‐mediated adhesion, less emphasis has been put on functionalization of materials with cadherin ligands. Yet, cell–cell contacts in combination with cell–matrix interactions are key in driving embryonic development, collective cell migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and cancer metastatic processes, among others. This review focuses on the incorporation of both cadherin and integrin ligands in biomaterial design, to promote what is called the “adhesive crosstalk.” First, the structure and function of cadherins and their role in eliciting mechanotransductive processes, by themselves or in combination with integrin mechanosensing, are introduced. Then, biomaterials that mimic cell–cell interactions, and recent applications to get insights in fundamental biology and tissue engineering, are critically discussed.
Advanced Nanomaterials for Preparedness Against (Re‐)Emerging Viral Diseases
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Lim Eun‐Kyung , Park Geunseon , Park Chaewon , Lim Jong‐Woo , Lee Hyo , Na Woonsung , Yeom Minjoo , Kim Jinyoung , Song Daesub , Haam Seungjoo
Published: February 2021

While the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) accounts for the current global pandemic, the emergence of other unknown pathogens, named “Disease X,” remains a serious concern in the future. Emerging or re‐emerging pathogens continue to pose significant challenges to global public health. In response, the scientific community has been urged to create advanced platform technologies to meet the ever‐increasing needs presented by these devastating diseases with pandemic potential. This review aims to bring new insights to allow for the application of advanced nanomaterials in future diagnostics, vaccines, and antiviral therapies, thereby addressing the challenges associated with the current preparedness strategies in clinical settings against viruses. The application of nanomaterials has advanced medicine and provided cutting‐edge solutions for unmet needs. Herein, an overview of the currently available nanotechnologies is presented, highlighting the significant features that enable them to control infectious diseases, and identifying the challenges that remain to be addressed for the commercial production of nano‐based products is presented. Finally, to conclude, the development of a nanomaterial‐based system using a “One Health” approach is suggested. This strategy would require a transdisciplinary collaboration and communication between all stakeholders throughout the entire process spanning across research and development, as well as the preclinical, clinical, and manufacturing phases.
Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Electron Injection
Authors: He Gufeng , Zhou Xiaowen , Liu Jun , Gong Yongyang , Wu Xinkai , Yuan Wangzhang
Published: February 2021

A 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ is developed as a highly efficient and air‐stable solution‐processed electron injection layer (s‐EIL). The [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ film can be easily obtained by annealing a spin‐coated [Zn(HCOO)2(H2O)2]∞ film at 120 °C in air, which is facilely prepared by the reaction of ZnO powder with formic acid and the aqueous solution of ammonium. The un‐encapsulated electron‐only device with [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ as the s‐EIL exhibits significantly enhanced electrical property and air stability, compared to that with vacuum‐evaporated Cs2CO3 as EIL. Such improvements can also be observed in inverted organic light‐emitting diodes. The device with [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ s‐EIL demonstrates an operating voltage of 6.8 V at 1000 cd m−2, much lower than that with Cs2CO3 EIL (8.4 V). And the power efficiency is increased about 18%. The enhanced electron injection property of [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞‐modified indium–tin oxide (ITO) is attributed to its reduced work function compared to bare ITO, which is confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. This approach is anticipated to be applied in other optoelectronic devices for efficient electron injection.
Bicyclic Boronate β‐Lactamase Inhibitors: The Present Hope against Deadly Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Lence Emilio , González‐Bello Concepción
Published: February 2021

The use of β‐lactamase inhibitors in combination with β‐lactam antibiotics is an emerging area in drug discovery. This strategy allows the restoration of the therapeutic efficacy of these antibiotics in clinical use against multiresistant bacteria. These pathogens are drug resistant because they express β‐lactamase enzymes, which prevent the antibiotic therapeutic action by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the β‐lactam ring. These enzymes are quite diverse in both their structural architecture and hydrolytic capability, as well as in the mechanism of action. The ever‐increasing emergence of pathogens that are capable of coproducing different types of β‐lactamases has triggered the search for ultrabroad‐spectrum inhibitors capable of deactivating both serine‐ and metallo‐β‐lactamases. A recent breakthrough in this long‐pursued and unmet need is the discovery of bicyclic boronate inhibitors, specifically taniborbactam, VNRX‐7145, and QPX7728, which are currently under clinical development in combination with cefepime, ceftibuten, and QPX2014, respectively. The present article highlights the therapeutic potential of these inhibitors and their spectrum of efficacy is compared with those of other β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor combinations recently approved by the food and drug administration. The molecular basis of the ultrabroad‐spectrum of activity of boron‐based inhibitors is also discussed, on the basis of the available crystal structures and the results of computational studies.
Helical Klinotactic Locomotion of Two‐Link Nanoswimmers with Dual‐Function Drug‐Loaded Soft Polysaccharide Hinges
Authors: Wu Jiaen , Jang Bumjin , Harduf Yuval , Chapnik Zvi , Avci Ömer Bartu , Chen Xiangzhong , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Ergeneman Olgac , Nelson Bradley J. , Or Yizhar , Pané Salvador
Published: February 2021

Inspired by the movement of bacteria and other microorganisms, researchers have developed artificial helical micro‐ and nanorobots that can perform corkscrew locomotion or helical path swimming under external energy actuation. In this paper, for the first time the locomotion of nonhelical multifunctional nanorobots that can swim in helical klinotactic trajectories, similarly to rod‐shaped bacteria, under rotating magnetic fields is investigated. These nanorobots consist of a rigid ferromagnetic nickel head connected to a rhodium tail by a flexible hydrogel‐based hollow hinge composed of chemically responsive chitosan and alginate multilayers. This design allows nanoswimmers switching between different dynamic behaviors—from in‐plane tumbling to helical klinotactic swimming—by varying the rotating magnetic field frequency and strength. It also adds a rich spectrum of swimming capabilities that can be adjusted by varying the type of applied magnetic fields and/or frequencies. A theoretical model is developed to analyze the propulsion mechanisms and predict the swimming behavior at distinct rotating magnetic frequencies. The model shows good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, the biomedical capabilities of the nanoswimmers as drug delivery platforms are demonstrated. Unlike previous designs constitute metallic segments, the proposed nanoswimmers can encapsulate drugs into their hollow hinge and successfully release them to cells.
Rapid pressure swing adsorption for small scale ammonia separation: A proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Lin Bosong , Hsieh I‐Min , Malmali Mahdi
Published: February 2021

In a typical Haber‐Bosch process, a gas stream containing 15–20 mol% ammonia is obtained from the reactor effluent, and ammonia is then partially separated in a phase‐changing condensation unit. When operating at lower pressure for distributed manufacturing, the single‐pass conversion drops to less than 10 mol%, which makes the condensation more cost‐intensive. A small adsorber is proposed for concentrating ammonia through rapid pressure swing adsorption (RPSA) that fits the small‐scale processing. A mathematical model is developed to evaluate the feasibility of the RPSA process for ammonia separation with high recovery. The ideal adsorbed solution theory, based on the Freundlich single‐component isotherm model, is proposed to predict binary isotherms for various commercially available adsorbents. The performance of the RPSA‐assisted adsorber is then studied at different process conditions for concentrating ammonia. The effect of various operating variables such as exhaust flow rate, cycle time, and feed pressure, is investigated. The proposed numerical model shows that nearly pure ammonia can be continuously produced at optimized conditions, with more than 95% recovery. This low‐pressure RPSA‐assisted adsorber can be used to design modular ammonia devices for distributed manufacturing. Our proposed technology can be further extended to concentrate other dilute gas mixtures, such as carbon dioxide.
Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in Aquaporin‐4 IgG‐Positive NMOSD
Authors: Wingerchuk Dean M. , Fujihara Kazuo , Palace Jacqueline , Berthele Achim , Levy Michael , Kim Ho Jin , Nakashima Ichiro , Oreja‐Guevara Celia , Wang Kai‐Chen , Miller Larisa , Shang Shulian , Sabatella Guido , Yountz Marcus , Pittock Sean J. ,   PREVENT Study Group
Published: February 2021

Objective

During PREVENT (NCT01892345), eculizumab significantly reduced relapse risk versus placebo in patients with aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4‐IgG+ NMOSD). We report an interim analysis of PREVENT's ongoing open‐label extension (OLE; NCT02003144) evaluating eculizumab's long‐term safety and efficacy.

Methods

Patients who completed PREVENT could enroll in the OLE to receive eculizumab (maintenance dose = 1,200 mg/2 weeks, after a blinded induction phase). Safety and efficacy data from PREVENT and its OLE (interim data cut, July 31, 2019) were combined for this analysis.

Results

Across PREVENT and the OLE, 137 patients received eculizumab and were monitored for a median (range) of 133.3 weeks (5.1–276.9 weeks), for a combined total of 362.3 patient‐years (PY). Treatment‐related adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) rates were 183.5 in 100 PY and 8.6 in 100 PY, respectively. Serious infection rates were 10.2 in 100 PY in eculizumab‐treated patients versus 15.1 in 100 PY in the PREVENT placebo group. No patient developed a meningococcal infection. At 192 weeks (3.7 years), 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.6–97.3) of patients remained adjudicated relapse‐free. The adjudicated annualized relapse rate was 0.025 (95% CI = 0.013–0.048) in all eculizumab‐treated patients versus 0.350 (95% CI = 0.199–0.616) in the PREVENT placebo group. During the OLE, 37% of patients (44 of 119 patients) stopped or decreased background immunosuppressive therapy use.

Interpretation

This analysis demonstrates that eculizumab's long‐term safety profile in NMOSD is consistent with its established profile across other indications. This analysis also demonstrated the sustained ability of long‐term eculizumab treatment to reduce relapse risk in patients with AQP4‐IgG+ NMOSD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1088–1098
Preparation and properties of uncommon Cd‐Mn carboxylate complexes—per se and as precursors for CdMn2O4‐based ceramics
Authors: Gavrikov Andrey V. , Belova Ekaterina V. , Ilyukhin Andrey B. , Koroteev Pavel S. , Sadovnikov Alexey A.
Published: February 2021

Carboxycymantrene CymCOOH (Cym = (η5‐C5H4)Mn (CO)3) was applied to assemble a series of uncommon Cd‐Mn carboxylate complexes comprising 1D‐polynuclear [Cd (OOCCym)(acac)]n (1) as well as oligonuclear species, [Cd2(OOCCym)4(EtOH)4)] (2), [Cd (OOCCym)2(bpy)(H2O] (3, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Cd (OOCCym)2(phen)2]·EtOH (4, phen = 1,10‐phenantroline). Compound 2 was found to be a product of irreversible SCSC transition from [Cd2(OOCCym)4(EtOH)3(H2O)]·EtOH (2_100K) initially formed in corresponding syntheses. This transition is accompanied by two‐fold decrease in cell volume and increase in cell symmetry. Recrystallyzation of 2–4 from common organic solvents affects the nuclearity of products (in case of 2 and 3) or subtly alters the structure of [Cd (OOCCym)2(phen)2] units (4). The optimal Cd to Mn ratio inspired studying solid‐state thermal decomposition of 2–4 as a route to CdMn2O4‐based ceramics. As a result, oxide samples with a predominance of tetragonal (Cd1‐xMnx)Mn2O4 spinel have been prepared and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, EDX, and IR revealing the interplay between the preparation technique and the features of morphology and composition. The retaining of Cd to Mn ratio upon recrystallyzation of 2–4 implies possibility of further elaboration of CdMn2O4‐based materials in various morphologies (polycrystalline ones, films, etc.). Notably, 2–4 is also the first series of related heterometallic Cd‐Mn complexes being studied as individual precursors for CdMn2O4‐based oxide systems.
Fabrication of in‐situ polymerized UiO‐66/PVDF supramolecular membranes with high anti‐fouling performance
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Peng , Shi Yaping , Zhang Zhichao , Xu Xin , Ding Ping
Published: February 2021

The composite membrane with the advantages of high separation efficiency and wide application, has been widely concerned in the field of water purification and molecular separation. However, the common composite membrane cannot achieve continuity, or the grafting process is complex, which significantly hinders its further development. In this work, the in‐situ polymerization of UiO‐66/PVDF supramolecular flat membranes as the continuous and high‐performance composite membrane can be easily synthesized using the supramolecular force, (such as, hydrogen bond, etc.). These supramolecular membranes exhibit good hydrophilic (61°) and anti‐fouling performance for bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution with rejection rate 97.79% than the original membrane. Moreover, this membrane can achieve more MOF doping based on maintaining the membrane performance, which undoubtedly greatly improves its hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. In addition, we also characterized the porous microstructure of the UiO‐66/PVDF supramolecular membrane to analyze the influence of different doping amounts on the membrane structure. This supramolecular membrane has the advantages of simple synthesis, good hydrophilicity and water separation performance, which provides a more convenient and effective way for the preparation of MOFs/polymer flat membrane, and also provides a new method and new idea for expanding the application of MOFs/polymer ultrafiltration membrane in water treatment.
Evaluation of 92 cardiovascular proteins in dried blood spots collected under field‐conditions
Authors: Broberg Karin , Svensson Johanna , Grahn Karin , Assarsson Eva , Åberg Mikael , Selander Jenny , Enroth Stefan
Published: February 2021

Workplace‐collected blood spots deposited on filter paper were analysed with multiplexed affinity‐based protein assays and found to be suitable for proteomics analysis. The protein extension assay (PEA) was used to characterize 92 proteins using 1.2 mm punches in repeated samples collected from 20 workers. Overall, 97.8% of the samples and 91.3% of the analysed proteins passed quality control. Both within and between spot correlations using six replicates from the same individual were above 0.99, suggesting that comparable levels are obtained from multiple punches from the same spot and from consecutive spots. Protein levels from dried blood and wet serum from the same individuals were compared and the majority of the analysed proteins were found to be significantly correlated. These results open up for simplified sample collection of blood in field conditions for proteomic analysis, but also highlight that not all proteins can be robustly measured from dried whole blood.
Additional radiotherapy to breast‐conserving surgery is an optional treatment for de novo stage IV breast cancer: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Shi‐Ping , Zhou Ping , Lian Chen‐Lu , Lei Jian , Hua Li , He Zhen‐Yu , Wu San‐Gang
Published: February 2021

Background

We aim to assess the value of locoregional treatment (LRT) including breast‐conserving surgery (BCS), mastectomy (MAST), and radiotherapy (RT) in patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer.

Methods

Patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer were retrospectively identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2014. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, log‐rank tests, propensity score matching (PSM), and the multivariate Cox proportional model were used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 5798 patients were identified including 849 (14.6%), 763 (13.2%), 2338 (40.3%), and 1848 (31.9%) who received BCS alone, BCS+RT, MAST alone, and MAST+RT, respectively. The proportions of receiving BCS decreased from 35.9% in 2004 to 26.2% in 2014 (p = 0.002), and the probability of patients receiving MAST increased from 64.1% in 2004 to 74.8% in 2014 (p = 0.002). Before PSM, there was a significant difference in breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) among the treatment arms. Patients who received RT had better BCSS, the 5‐year BCSS was 40.5%, 52.3%, 41.5%, and 47.7% in patients treated with BCS alone, BCS+RT, MAST alone, and MAST+RT, respectively (p < 0.001). In the PSM cohort, patients treated with BCS alone had lower 5‐year BCSS compared to those treated with BCS+RT (43.9% and 52.1%, p = 0.002). However, there were comparable 5‐year BCSS between BCS+RT and MAST alone groups (51.3% and 50.1%, p = 0.872), and BCS+RT and MAST+RT cohorts (51.5% and 55.7%, p = 0.333). Similar results were confirmed in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Postoperative RT improves BCSS in patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer, and BCS+RT shows a non‐inferior outcome compared to MAST+RT. BCS+RT may be the optimal local management of de novo stage IV breast cancer.
Strategies for the implementation of sustainability goals (SDGs) in chemistry lessons – demonstrated on the topic of water treatment with Moringa oleifera
Authors: Engl Alexander , Neff Sascha , Risch Björn
Published: February 2021

Umwelt‐ und Klimaschutz gehören für junge Menschen in Deutschland zu den wichtigsten gesellschaftlichen Problemen. Im Chemieunterricht stehen diese Inhalte jedoch immer noch zu wenig im Fokus. Dabei bietet das Fach Chemie hervorragende thematische Anknüpfungspunkte im Sinne von socio‐scientific‐issues als Kontexte im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit. Als Katalysatoren für die Erarbeitung von umweltbezogenen Themen im Chemieunterricht könnten die von den Vereinten Nationen (2015) formulierten Nachhaltigkeitsziele (SDGs) sowie der von der UNESCO (2017) veröffentlichte Leitfaden zu Lernzielen einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung fungieren. Basierend auf den dort formulierten Strategien wird im vorliegenden Beitrag die Konzeption und Erprobung einer Unterrichtseinheit zum SDG 6 („Sauberes Wasser und Sanitäreinrichtungen“) vorgestellt. Inhaltlich liegt dabei der Fokus auf der Wasseraufbereitung mit Moringa Samen für den Chemieunterricht der 10. bis 13. Klasse.
Cytogenetics and fertility of an induced tetraploid Sorghum bicolor x S. propinquum hybrid
Authors: Porter Nick T. , Burson Byron L. , Washburn Jacob D. , Klein Robert R. , Jessup Russell W.
Published: February 2021

Development of perennial alternatives to annual crops can alleviate some of agriculture's challenges. Perennial sorghum has the potential of being a low maintenance, drought tolerant, high yielding forage or bioenergy crop. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (ATx623, CMS line) was crossed with S. propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc., and several diploid F1 hybrids were recovered. One hybrid was treated with colchicine to produce novel tetraploids. A single tetraploid plant was recovered and is the first reported induced tetraploid S. bicolor x S. propinquum hybrid. The fertility and chromosome pairing of this tetraploid hybrid, diploid F2 hybrids, and both parents were investigated. Pollen stainability for S. bicolor (BTx623, restorer line), S. propinquum, and the F2 hybrids ranged from 85 to 90%, but stainability was lower (57%) for the induced tetraploid hybrid. Mean seed set of both parents was 65–67% but was 43% for the induced tetraploid hybrid. Meiotic chromosome pairing at metaphase I in both diploid (2n = 2x = 20) parents and the diploid hybrids was primarily 10 bivalents, but the hybrids had a higher frequency of univalents than either parent indicating small chromosomal differences exist between the two species. Mean meiotic chromosome pairing in the induced tetraploid hybrid (2n = 4x = 40) was 0.45 univalents 17.77 bivalents, 0.02 trivalents, and 0.98 quadrivalents per cell. These findings corroborate previous reports that S. bicolor and S. propinquum have a homologous genome.
Interferon beta 1a (Rebif®) in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sánchez Reinier Cardentey , de la Fe Amado Díaz , Suarez Alejandro Peláez , Grass Dayme , Vega Teresa Morgado , Canal Armando Sánchez , Siniscalco Dario , de los Angeles Robinson Agramonte María
Published: February 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. It is the second cause of neurological disability in young adults. The exact cause of the disease remains unknown and there is no curative treatment. It is imperative to evaluate the efficacy of newest, biotechnological products modifying the disease. This study was designed to evaluate the use of interferon beta 1a (Rebif®) in patients with relapsing remitting MS treated at International Center for Neurological Restoration. Thirty‐one patients with relapsing remitting MS, between 10 and 65 years of age, four males and 27 females, were treated with Rebif® three times per week during 1 year. The safety of the treatment was evaluated based on the adverse events and the efficacy based on the disability scale score, the number of attacks and the number of lesions at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The public clinical trial is registered in Cuba (Number B‐10‐030‐L03). Adverse effects occurred in 75% of the cases, but they were mild. A significant reduction in the number of attacks, the disability scale score and the number of lesions at MRI were observed in patients with relapsing remitting MS treated with Rebif®. The use of interferon beta 1a showed safety and efficacy in the treatment of patients with relapsing remitting MS.
Estimating the survival of unobservable life stages for a declining frog with a complex life history
Authors: Rose Jonathan P. , Kupferberg Sarah J. , Wheeler Clara A. , Kleeman Patrick M. , Halstead Brian J.
Published: February 2021

Demographic models enhance understanding of drivers of population growth and inform conservation efforts to prevent population declines and extinction. For species with complex life histories, however, parameterizing demographic models is challenging because some life stages can be difficult to study directly. Integrated population models (IPMs) empower researchers to estimate vital rates for organisms that have cryptic or widely dispersing early life stages by integrating multiple demographic data sources. For a stream‐inhabiting frog (Rana boylii) that is declining through much of its range in Oregon and California, USA, we collected egg‐mass counts and capture–mark–recapture data on adults from two populations in California to fit IPMs that estimate adult abundance and the survival rate of both marked and unobserved life stages. Estimates of adult abundance based on long‐term monitoring of egg‐mass counts showed that study populations fluctuated greatly inter‐annually but were stable at longer timescales (i.e., decades). Adult female survival during 5–6 yr of capture–mark–recapture study periods was nearly equal in each population. Survival rate of R. boylii eggs to the subadult stage is low on average (0.002) but highly variable among years depending on post‐oviposition stream flow. Population viability analysis showed that survival of adult and subadult life stages has the greatest proportional effect on population growth; the survival of egg and tadpole life stages, however, is more malleable by management interventions. For example, simulations showed head‐starting of tadpoles, salvaging stranded egg masses, and limiting aseasonal pulsed flows could dramatically reduce the threat of extirpation. This study demonstrates the value of integrating multiple demographic data sources to construct models of population dynamics in species with complex life histories.
Crossing the barriers: Revisiting the gut feeling in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brandl Carolin , Bucci Laura , Schett Georg , Zaiss Mario M.
Published: February 2021

To avoid autoimmunity, it is essential to keep the balance between the defence against pathogens and the maintenance of tolerance to self‐antigens. Mucosal inflammation may lead to breakdown of tolerance and activation of autoreactive cells. Growing evidence suggests a major contribution of gut microbiota to the onset of chronic, autoimmune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA patients show significant differences in the composition of gut microbiota compared to healthy controls, and in murine arthritis models certain bacteria can induce inflammatory Th17 responses or autoantibody production. The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the balance between immunogenic and tolerogenic immune responses. The intestinal barrier is the site of the body where most host–microbiota interaction takes place. Certain microbiota or their metabolites can cause a break in homeostasis by affecting the intestinal barrier integrity and permeability. However, an intact intestinal barrier is essential to separate the intestinal epithelium from toxins, microorganisms, and antigens in the gut lumen. This review will focus on the correlation between a leaky gut and the onset of arthritis. Furthermore, it will be discussed how targeting the intestinal barrier function by dietary changes might provide an opportunity to modulate the development of RA.