bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and kinetic evaluation of upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal from wastewater by Anammox process
Authors: Babaei Ali Akbar , Azadi Roza , Jaafarzadeh Nemat , Alavi Nadali
Published: February 2013

The lab-scale upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor was successfully operated for the treatment of synthetic wastewater with high nitrogen load by Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process. During the entire period of operation, the reactor temperature was kept at 35±1°C. The operational strategy consisted of both increasing the ammonium and nitrite concentrations from 60 to 700mgN/L and from 80 to 920 mgN/L, respectively and decreasing the hydraulic retention time from 24 to 6 h, at each step. The highest achieved removal efficiency of ammonium and nitrite were 91 and 93%, respectively. Consequently, due to their acceptable performance for nitrogen removal in previous researches, modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau second-order models were used in this study. According to the experiment results, the model validity testing showed that the Stover-Kincannon model was a little more appropriate for the description of nitrogen removal in the reactor, even though both models gave high correlation coefficients (R2=0.999).
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced inflammation and injury
Authors: Fang Huang , Wang Peng-Fei , Zhou Yu , Wang Yan-Chun , Yang Qing-Wu
Published: February 2013

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common type of fatal stroke, accounting for about 15% to 20% of all strokes. Hemorrhagic strokes are associated with high mortality and morbidity, and increasing evidence shows that innate immune responses and inflammatory injury play a critical role in ICH-induced neurological deficits. However, the signaling pathways involved in ICH-induced inflammatory responses remain elusive. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to a large family of pattern recognition receptors that play a key role in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the involvement of TLR4 signaling in ICH-induced inflammation and brain injury. We discuss the key mechanisms associated with TLR4 signaling in ICH and explore the potential for therapeutic intervention by targeting TLR4 signaling.
A clinical study of the effects of lead poisoning on the intelligence and neurobehavioral abilities of children
Authors: Hou Shuangxing , Yuan Lianfang , Jin Pengpeng , Ding Bojun , Qin Na , Li Li , Liu Xuedong , Wu Zhongliang , Zhao Gang , Deng Yanchun
Published: February 2013

Background

Lead is a heavy metal and important environmental toxicant and nerve poison that can destruction many functions of the nervous system. Lead poisoning is a medical condition caused by increased levels of lead in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and issues, including the central nervous system. It interferes with the development of the nervous system, and is therefore particularly toxic to children, causing potentially permanent neural and cognitive impairments. In this study, we investigated the relationship between lead poisoning and the intellectual and neurobehavioral capabilities of children.

Methods

The background characteristics of the research subjects were collected by questionnaire survey. Blood lead levels were detected by differential potentiometric stripping analysis (DPSA). Intelligence was assessed using the Gesell Developmental Scale. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to evaluate each child’s behavior.

Results

Blood lead levels were significantly negatively correlated with the developmental quotients of adaptive behavior, gross motor performance, fine motor performance, language development, and individual social behavior (P < 0.01). Compared with healthy children, more children with lead poisoning had abnormal behaviors, especially social withdrawal, depression, and atypical body movements, aggressions and destruction.

Conclusion

Lead poisoning has adverse effects on the behavior and mental development of 2–4-year-old children, prescribing positive and effective precautionary measures.
Dragon exploration system on marine sponge compounds interactions
Authors: Sagar Sunil , Kaur Mandeep , Radovanovic Aleksandar , Bajic Vladimir B
Published: February 2013

Background

Natural products are considered a rich source of new chemical structures that may lead to the therapeutic agents in all major disease areas. About 50% of the drugs introduced in the market in the last 20 years were natural products/derivatives or natural products mimics, which clearly shows the influence of natural products in drug discovery.

Results

In an effort to further support the research in this field, we have developed an integrative knowledge base on Marine Sponge Compounds Interactions (Dragon Exploration System on Marine Sponge Compounds Interactions - DESMSCI) as a web resource. This knowledge base provides information about the associations of the sponge compounds with different biological concepts such as human genes or proteins, diseases, as well as pathways, based on the literature information available in PubMed and information deposited in several other databases. As such, DESMSCI is aimed as a research support resource for problems on the utilization of marine sponge compounds. DESMSCI allows visualization of relationships between different chemical compounds and biological concepts through textual and tabular views, graphs and relational networks. In addition, DESMSCI has built in hypotheses discovery module that generates potentially new/interesting associations among different biomedical concepts. We also present a case study derived from the hypotheses generated by DESMSCI which provides a possible novel mode of action for variolins in Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion

DESMSCI is the first publicly available (http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/desmsci) comprehensive resource where users can explore information, compiled by text- and data-mining approaches, on biological and chemical data related to sponge compounds.
Impact of scientific developments on the Chemical Weapons Convention
(IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Smallwood Katie , Trapp Ralf , Mathews Robert , Schmidt Beat , Sydnes Leiv K.
Published: February 2013

This document represents the final report of discussions and conclusions arising
from the workshop on Developments in Science and Technology Relevant to the
Chemical Weapons Convention, held in Spiez, Switzerland in February 2012.
Understanding Deafhood: In Search of Its Meanings
Authors: Kusters Annelies , De Meulder Maartje
Published: February 2013

T he authors argue that Deafhood (a term coined by Dr. Paddy Ladd) is an open-ended concept with an essentialist core. They describe how deaf people who have attended their Deafhood lectures and workshops have perceived different aspects of the Deafhood concept, and compare the basic tenets of Deafhood and criticisms on Deafhood to theories and criticisms on feminist essentialisms. The authors find that the vagueness and wideness of the Deafhood concept is one of its strengths, though they also find that it is in some respects problematic to combine and unite ontology and liberation theory in one concept. They further suggest that the ontological aspects of Deafhood need to be foregrounded. The question of essentialism inherent in the Deafhood concept is also briefly discussed with regard to hearing people, the use of spoken language, and the use of amplification technology and cochlear implants.
Investigating Deaf Students’ Use of Visual Multimedia Resources in Reading Comprehension
Authors: Nikolaraizi Magda , Vekiri Ioanna , Easterbrooks Susan R.
Published: February 2013

A mixed research design was used to examine how deaf students used the visual resources of a multimedia software package that was designed to support reading comprehension. The viewing behavior of 8 deaf students, ages 8–12 years, was recorded during their interaction with multimedia software that included narrative texts enriched with Greek Sign Language videos, pictures, and concept maps. Also, students’ reading comprehension was assessed through reading comprehension questions and retelling. Analysis of the students’ viewing behavior data, their answers to reading comprehension questions, their “think alouds,” and their story retells indicated that they used visual resources, but they did not exploit them in a strategic manner to aid their reading comprehension. The study underscores the important role of mediated instruction in “visual literacy” skills that enable students to learn how to process visual aids in a way that supports their reading comprehension.
Kee Thuan Chye’s Political Plays: An Analysis
Authors: Philip Susan
Published: February 2013

In Malaysia, most forms of public expression are subject to control in the form of licensing laws and censorship. Despite this, the theatre in English has managed to develop a quite openly critical political voice. One of Malaysia’s most openly and stridently political playwrights is Kee Thuan Chye. This paper traces the trajectory of development in Kee’s political thinking, as evidenced in his four major plays, to show a deeper, more inclusive engagement with the state of the nation.
Revisiting Pencak Silat : The Malay Martial Arts in Theatre Practice and Actor Training
Authors: Latiff Zainal Abdul
Published: February 2013

The Malay martial art of pencak silat is an important source of traditional acting technique. During the colonial period and postcolonial modernization, Western models of theatre replaced traditional performance, and the physical technique of theatre was largely modeled on Western acting: the importance of the text ascended and the realistic representation of life predominated. This resulted in adopting psychological acting styles and neglecting the martial tradition as a significant resource for actor training. Experiments in revitalization undertaken by the author since the 1970s will be detailed. The rationale for the revival of pencak silat as actor training is based on its vital position in the productions of bangsawan (Malay Opera), purbawara (history play), and the experimental plays of Malaysia’s National Laureate Noordin Hassan (the only playwright awarded this prestigous literary award for his contribution to Malay Literature), Syed Alwi, and Ismail Kassan.
Memorializing Colonialism: Images of the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia in Japanese Popular Theatre
Authors: Steele Peter
Published: February 2013

This article explores representations of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in two examples of Japanese popular theatre. The first example is from a Takarazuka production that pre-dates the occupation by less than a year and thus aims to quell public anxieties about Japan’s impending colonial aggression. The second occurs sixty years later in a play that tells the story of a doomed romance between a Japanese soldier and an Indonesian dancer. The following essay explores ways in which each production uses Indonesian cultural imagery within a larger framework that presents pan-Asian identity as an aspect of Japanese nationalist ideology.
Innovation for Survival?: Dama Orchestra’s Butterfly Lovers—The Musical on a Contemporary Multiracial Malaysian Stage
Authors: Ying Loo Fung , Chiat Loo Fung
Published: February 2013

Dama Orchestra in Malaysia has transformed through the implant of theatrical elements as exemplified by Butterfly Lovers—The Musical staged in 2006. This concert orchestra of the Chinese diaspora has grown into a musical theatre production company with regular full-house audiences for a series of productions of between ten and twenty shows a year. As composers and music arrangers working with the production team, the authors are participant observers of the work. This paper elucidates how the group responds to local demands, popular culture, and the tide of globalization to develop a modern Malaysian Chinese musical for Kuala Lumpur’s contemporary multiracial stage.
Ukrainian Anticolonialist Thought in Comparative Perspective. A Preliminary Overview
Authors: Velychenko Stephen
Published: February 2013

Not unlike all peoples who experienced modernization through domination, Ukrainians in the Russian Empire have developed a tradition of anticolonialist thought. This article draws attention to the Ukrainian Marxist anticolonialist critique of Russian tsarist and Bolshevik rule as a body of thought that should be included in contemporary discussions of colonialism and its legacies. Stephen Velychenko contends that Ukrainian Marxist anticolonialist thinkers who combined Marxism with nationalism to justify national liberation can be placed alongside Amilcar Cabral, Tan Malaka, Frantz Fanon, and Aime Cesaire. These Ukrainians, like their Asian/African counterparts, lived in societies with a small native working class and argued that their people were experiencing industrialization, urbanization, and modernization under conditions of dependency. They created a body of anticolonialist Marxist literature that condemned not only tsarism, but Russocentric Russian Marxism as well. The article offers an analysis of this Ukrainian "national revolutionary" body of literature that was Marxist but anti-Bolshevik, and nationalist and anticolonial at the same time.
Подобно прочим народам, модернизация которых осуществлялась в условиях имперского доминирования, украинцы в Российской империи создали традицию антиколониальной мысли. В статье рассматривается украинская марксистская критика российского царизма и большевистской власти как целостное направление, которое должно быть включено в современные дискуссии о колониализме и его наследии. Стэфен Велыченко считает, что украинские антиколониальные мыслителимарксисты, которые сочетали марксизм с национализмом в риторике национального освобождения, могут рассматриваться в одном ряду с Амилкаром Кабралом ( Amilcar Cabral ), Таном Малака ( Tan Malaka ), Францем Фаноном ( Fritz Fanon ) и Аимо Чезаре ( Aime Cesaire ). Подобно своим африканским и азиатским единомышленникам, эти украинцы жили в обществе, где немногочисленный "национальный" рабочий класс испытывал индустриализацию, урбанизацию и модернизацию в условиях зависимости от колониальной власти. Украинские антиколониальные теоретики создали комплекс текстов, в которых осуждался как царизм, так и русскоцентричный российский марксизм. В статье предлагается анализ этой украинской "национал-революционной" литературы – одновременно марксистской и антибольшевистской, и на­циональной.
A Long Goodbye: The Legacy of Soviet Marxism in Post-Communist Ukrainian Historiography
Authors: Yekelchyk Serhy
Published: February 2013

This article argues that Soviet-style historical methodology persists in contemporary Ukrainian historiography at the level of both terminology (itself reflecting historians' understanding of causation) and the conceptual framework, in which the dominant grand narrative of the nation hinders the transition to modern microhistorical, regional-history, and cultural-history approaches. The reign of traditional national history has only recently been challenged from within the Ukrainian historical profession, and a serious debate about historical methodology has yet to unfold. Автор статьи доказывает, что методологические подходы советских времен до сих пор удерживают свои позиции в украинской историографии как на уровне терминологии (свидетельствуя об определенном понимании причинно-следственных связей историками), так и на уровне концептуальных моделей. Доминирующий национальный мастер-нарратив лишь препятствует переходу к современным подходам (таким как микроистория, региональная или культурная история). Внутри украинской исторической профессии лишь недавно был брошен вызов господству традиционной национальной истории, и серьезные дебаты, посвященные историческому методу, еще впереди.
Изобретение традиционного общества: империя и истоки социальной теории
Authors: Мантена Каруна
Published: February 2013

This is a Russian translation of the chapter "Inventing Traditional Society: Empire and the Origins of Social Theory," from the book by Karuna Mantena Alibis of Empire. Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (Princeton University Press, 2010). The author offers a detailed analysis of the emergence of social theory in the nineteenth century in the course of parallel transfor­mations of imperial ideology (from moral justifications to retroactive alibis) and the scientific views of society and social. Mantena traces the intellectual roots of late imperial ideology in the emergence of an ideal-typical model of traditional society - a central innovation of nineteenth-century social theory. In the chapter, the reciprocal relationship between empire and social theory are framed with a special focus on works of social thinkers and scholars such as Henry Maine, Benjamin Constant, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, Émile Durkheim, and others.
The Institute for Belarusian Culture: The Constitution of Belarusian and Jewish Studies in the BSSR Between Soviet and non-Soviet Science (1922-1928)
Authors: Le Foll Claire
Published: February 2013

The Institute for Belarusian Culture was the main research establishment of Soviet Belarus between 1922 and 1928. The article analyzes the scientific activity of Inbelkult's Jewish and Belarusian scholars, and in particular their links with non-Soviet scholars and institutions. By comparing the Jewish and Belarusian sectors, it demonstrates that the institutional and political constraints imposed by the Belarusian Party apparatus were not the only factors in mechanisms of cooperation between Inbelkult and non-Soviet science. The scientific traditions, ideological sympathies and reputation of Belarusian and Jewish scholars shaped their relations with colleagues abroad, no less than the official policy, initially relatively tolerant toward "bourgeois" scholarship. The emphasis placed on international links by Jewish scholars differentiated them from their Belarusian counterparts after 1926 and shows that until 1928 Inbelkult did not produce and diffuse knowledge exclusively in the context of Soviet science. В период между 1922 и 1928 гг. Институт белорусской культуры был главным исследовательским учреждением советской Белоруссии. В статье рассматривается научная деятельность еврейской и белорусской секций Инбелкульта, особенно контакты работавших в них ученых с не советскими коллегами и научными учреждениями. Сравнение двух секций позволили автору сделать вывод, что институциональные и политические ограничения, которые белорусский партийный аппарат накладывал на деятельность ученых, были не единственным факто-ром, влиявшим на характер сотрудничества между Инбелкультом и иностранными научными учреждениями. Официальная политика со-ветской власти изначально отличалась толерантностью к отдельным "буржуазным" зарубежным деятелям науки. Важную роль играли на-учные традиции, на которые ориентировались ученые Инбелкульта, их идеологические симпатии и заработанные ранее репутации. Клэр Ле Фолль демонстрирует, что после 1926 г. еврейские ученые продол-жали активно поддерживать международные контакты, что отличало их от коллег из белорусской секции. В целом автор делает вывод, что до 1928 г. Инбелкульт производил и распространял знание в широком контексте, который не сводился к "советской науке".
From Text to Theatre: An Architectural Reading of Heinrich Khunrath's Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae (1595, 1609)
Authors: de Bruijn Willem
Published: February 2013

The author looks at Heinrich Khunrath's Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae (1595, 1609) and the use of metaphor in the title of this book. A theosophical treatise without parallel, Khunrath's Amphitheatrum is probably most famous for its copperplate engravings combining word and image in circular form. The text, on the other hand, is notorious for its highly idiosyncratic and largely impenetrable use of language. The title— Amphitheatre of Eternal Wisdom —seems comparatively straightforward in this respect. Yet, it is this title that raises an important question: Why does Khunrath refer to a work that is published as an "Amphitheatre"? This essay aims to answer this question by examining the spatial and material aspect of the book, or what we might call its architecture, as well as the historical context in which Khunrath published his magnum opus . In so doing, attention is shifted from the purely literary qualities of Khunrath's writing (which have already been highlighted by others) to the architectural qualities that define the book as an "analogous space." In addition, the author speculates on the role of drawing as a means to literally draw forth and visualize these qualities that allow the book to be viewed, beyond a mere metaphorical understanding of the term, as an amphitheatre in the medium of print.
Roma Antica, Sacra, Moderna : The Analogous Romes of the Travel Guide
Authors: Delbeke Maarten , Morel Anne-Françoise
Published: February 2013

The guidebook is not merely a registration of the city and its historical evolution or of the changing preferences of visitors but rather a device that selects and arranges aspects of the city—real as well as imaginary—into a coherent representation of that city. This is particularly the case in Rome, a city composed of three different entities: the ancient, the Christian, and—from the second half of the seventeenth century onward—the modern capital, each with their own monuments and histories. From the sixteenth century onward, Roman guidebooks use the categories of Roma antica, Roma sacra , and Roma moderna to define and represent these three components. In this essay, we argue that the changing application of these labels in the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries reflects not only the far-going physical transformation of the city during that period but also new ways of thinking about the identity of Rome. The reconfiguration of the three "Romes" in the space of the guidebook, operated by means of a continuous rearrangement of sections, illustrations, and descriptions, illustrates how successive authors and publishers attempted to fit the three well-established categories onto reality. An examination of how English visitors reacted to Rome will demonstrate how effective the categories of Roma antica, sacra , and moderna were in organizing the perception of the contemporary city and its analogs.
Wilhelm Ostwald's Combinatorics as a Link between In-formation and Form
Authors: Hapke Thomas
Published: February 2013

The combinatorial thinking of the chemist and Nobel laureate Wilhelm Ostwald grew out of his activities in chemistry and was further developed in his philosophy of nature. Ostwald used combinatorics as an analogous, creative, and interdisciplinary way of thinking in areas like knowledge organization and in his theory of colors and forms. His work marginally influenced art movements like the German Werkbund, the Dutch De Stijl, and the Bauhaus. Ostwald's activities and his use of spatial analogies such as bridge, net, or pyramid can be viewed as support for a relation between information—or "in-formation," or Bildung (education, formation)—and form.
From Civic Place to Digital Space: The Design of Public Libraries in Britain from Past to Present
Authors: Black Alistair , Pepper Simon
Published: February 2013

Inaugurated as, at once, an antidote to the social problems of industrialization and a cultural and "scientific" helpmate to progress in an industrial society, public libraries in Britain first appeared in 1850 and soon became a familiar feature, not only on the sociocultural, but also the urban-architectural, landscape. Over the past century and a half, changes in the public library built form have reflected changes in the aims of the public library movement, in architectural style and planning and in wider society. The development and symbolism of the public library built form is analyzed in five periods, stretching from the pre-First World War phases of civic architecture and large-scale philanthropic eclecticism, through the interwar period of embryonic modernism, to the post-Second World War era of full-blown modernism and the subsequent postmodernism of the digital age. In each of these periods, the public library building can be "read" as readily as the books they contained.
What Employers Want: Entry-Level Qualifications for Music Librarians
Authors: Clark Joe C.
Published: February 2013

This study investigates skills and aptitudes required and preferred by institutions for entry-level professional employment in music librarianship. All announcements from the Music Library Association’s Job Placement Service’s Job List 2008–2011 were examined, and entry-level professional positions were extracted. Each was then categorized by primary responsibilities, and required and preferred qualifications were coded. Data indicate that while some required skills are common among the field’s specialties, each job type demands unique training and abilities.
'My Poor Returns': Devotional Manuscripts by Seventeenth-Century Women
Authors: Burke Victoria E.
Published: February 2013

In their extant manuscripts, which date from 1633 through the seventeenth century, Elizabeth Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, Anne, Lady Halkett, and Alathea Bethell use a similar strategy to present their roles as authors. Though each writer uses different generic terms to categorize her compilations of devotional material, including 'Collections' and 'Meditations', Bethell's conception of her writing as 'Poor Returns' for what is owed to God could apply to all three writers. Each in some sense figures writing, which is indebted to the women's own pious reading of key printed texts, as an essential attempt to reciprocate God's blessings.
Ideal Communities and Planter Women's Writing in Seventeenth-Century Ireland
Authors: Coolahan Marie-Louise
Published: February 2013

For New English settlers, seventeenth-century Ireland offered opportunities for career advancement and economic reward. But moving to Ireland also entailed the establishment of new social connections. For members of the planter class, writing was a means of building networks and consolidating a minority community that was often diffuse and spread across the country. Equally, the act of imagining community prompted their writing. The letters of Susan Montgomery, who arrived in Ulster on her husband's appointment as bishop of Derry, are a primary example of the aspiration to ideal community, envisaged in epistolary writing. The community available to Montgomery in Ulster and its evolution through the petitionary writing of the next generation are discussed. This is then related to the literary strategies of the poet, Anne Southwell, whose construction of ideal community is illuminated by new research on her friend, Cicely, Lady Ridgeway.
' Scruples and Ceremonies ': Lady Brilliana Harley's Epistolary Combat
Authors: Harris Johanna
Published: February 2013

Lady Brilliana Harley's valiant defence of Brampton Bryan during its royalist besiegement in the summer of 1643 has been widely celebrated in women's history. However, her deliberate, strategic, and highly rhetorical use of letter writing to conduct this military resistance deserves wider literary attention. Harley was already a prolific writer of letters by 1643, but in these understudied letter exchanges during wartime she activates a more precise knowledge of the rhetorical apparatus underlying the epistolary genre than seen previously, effectively transforming her letters and sense of authorship into her own militarized mode of Civil War combat.
Not Understanding Mary Wroth's Poetry
Authors: Salzman Paul
Published: February 2013

This essay relates the interpretation of Mary Wroth's poetry to the material conditions of their appearance in the autograph manuscript, 'Pamphilia to Amphilanthus'. In it I consider issues that link the process of editing to some neglected aspects of Wroth's style. I look at the Folger manuscript of Wroth's poems and compare it with other manuscript poetry in order to explore how editing needs to take into account the material details of such texts. I relate the editing out of the 'noise' of such texts to the process of smoothing out difficulties in interpreting Wroth's poems. Finally I venture a few tentative suggestions as to why Wroth may have deliberately chosen a 'concealing' syntax for her poetry
The Perils and Possibilities of the Book Dedication: Anne Lock, John Knox, John Calvin, Queen Elizabeth, and the Duchess of Suffolk
Authors: White Micheline
Published: February 2013

The 'Epistle' prefacing Anne Lock's Sermons of John Calvin (1560) is a fascinating paratext that sheds light on laywomen's role in disseminating works by continental reformers and on the way translation could be inflected by socio-political challenges. Lock's dedication to the Duchess of Suffolk responds to the recent uproar in England over the relations between John Calvin, John Knox, and the Genevan exiles, and to cultural anxieties about laywomen's religious teaching. Importantly, Lock depicts Calvin's Geneva as an apothecary's shop that heals an exemplary English noblewoman rather than as a haven for disgruntled subjects hostile to female rule.
Valuing Information, Information Services, and the Library: Possibilities and Realities
Authors: Matthews Joseph R.
Published: February 2013

A range of issues are identified and the approaches and methodologies that have proven useful in addressing the questions of "the value of information," "valuing information services," and "valuing a library" are explored. It is suggested that the use of outcomes-based approaches resonate better with external stakeholders than the traditional use of input and output measures. Libraries are encouraged to demonstrate institutional value through the use of outcomes of institutional relevance.
The Apprentice Researcher: Using Undergraduate Researchers' Personal Essays to Shape Instruction and Services
Authors: Bonnet Jennifer L. , Cordell Sigrid Anderson , Cordell Jeffrey , Duque Gabriel J. , MacKintosh Pamela J. , Peters Amanda
Published: February 2013

Little is known about the intellectual journey of advanced undergraduates engaged in the research process. Moreover, few studies of this population of library users include students' personal essays as a point of analysis in their scholarly pursuits. To gain insights into the research trajectory of apprentice researchers at the University of Michigan, the Library examined the personal essays that students submitted for its inaugural undergraduate research award. These essays chronicled students' intellectual growth and development throughout the research process. Drawing on observations about the unique needs of these students, the authors analyze the implications for library instruction and services.
Visual Literacy Standards in Higher Education: New Opportunities for Libraries and Student Learning
Authors: Hattwig Denise , Bussert Kaila , Medaille Ann , Burgess Joanna
Published: February 2013

Visual literacy is essential for 21st century learners. Across the higher education curriculum, students are being asked to use and produce images and visual media in their academic work, and they must be prepared to do so. The Association of College and Research Libraries has published the Visual Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education , which, for the first time, outline specific visual literacy learning outcomes. These Standards present new opportunities for libraries to expand their role in student learning through standards-based teaching and assessment, and to contribute to campus-wide collaborative efforts to develop students' skills and critical thinking with regard to visual materials.
Emergence of Interventional Nephrology in the Asia-Pacific Region – A Report from New Zealand
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Ritchie Angus G , Lam-Po-Tang Michael , Vachharajani Tushar J
Published: February 2013

Interventional nephrology is relatively a new field dealing with the procedural aspect of dialysis access. The subspecialty has focused on the nephrologist taking a lead role and learning the procedural skills needed to provide timely care to the end stage renal disease patients on dialysis. The subspecialty has been in existence for over a decade in the United States and is well accepted as a main-stream field. The safety and positive outcomes of nephrologists performing these procedures in the United States are being duplicated across the globe. The growing trend of acceptance of this field is evident in the Asia-Pacific region, which is rapidly embracing this new development. The current report from New Zealand is being presented here in this article.
Jean Scot Érigène, La connaissance de soi et la tradition idéaliste
Authors: Moran Dermot , Lemaire Juliette
Published: February 2013

Résumé Dans cet article, j’explore l’idéalisme d’Érigène selon ses propres termes et conditions, en tentant de saisir la nature spécifique de son application théologique, métaphysique et épistémologique de la relation entre être et non-être. Je suggère que les idéalistes allemands ont raison de considérer Érigène comme l’un des leurs pour sa reconnaissance de l’univers comme un processus d’articulation de soi et de compréhension de soi de l’esprit divin. L’explication d’Érigène de la nature de toutes les existences comme essentiellement immatérielles, son classement ontologique du monde apparemment physique, matériel et sensible sous le niveau de l’esprit et dans un sens spécifique, dépendant de l’esprit, et sa compréhension de toutes choses comme contenues dans l’esprit divin (et par extension dans l’esprit humain comme imago dei ) doivent être considérés non seulement comme constituant un système philosophique original à part entière, mais aussi comme un idéalisme dynamique et intellectualiste. La nature infinie d’Érigène implique l’interaction dialectique du caché et de la manifestation, du néant et de l’être, de l’esprit inconnu de lui-même qui en vient à la connaissance de soi dans un savoir et un non-savoir infinis.
L'Ordo Naturalis des causes primordiales. La transformation érigénienne de la doctrine dionysienne des noms divins
Authors: Gersh Stephen , Stéphany Cédric
Published: February 2013

Résumé Dans les livres I et II du Periphyseon , Érigène évoque les « causes primordiales » (correspondant à la deuxième division de la Nature ) sans spécifier d’ordre de priorité entre elles. Une réponse à une question posée par l’ Alumnus à ce sujet remédie à cette omission dans les premières pages du livre III. Érigène se place initialement sous l’autorité de Denys et argue du fait que, dès lors que les noms divins du De Divinis Nominibus correspondent à ses propres « causes primordiales », il est permis d’adopter l’ordre du traité dionysien. Toutefois, Érigène passe rapidement à la démonstration rationnelle. Il expose alors quelques-uns des principes constitutifs de l’ordonnancement des causes primordiales. Dans cette section de l’exposé, il est fait un usage intensif de l’analogie de la sphère géométrique afin de soutenir la conclusion surprenante selon laquelle il n’est d’ordre perceptible ni au début ni à la fin de la procession des causes dans les existants créés. La plausibilité d’une telle conclusion tient aux aspects théophanique, non discursif et idéaliste de la théorie d’Érigène. Le théologien irlandais expose ensuite un cas spécifique de l’ordonnancement des causes primordiales et fait valoir que la cause primordiale de la Bonté précède la cause primordiale de l’Être. L’ Alumnus se montre satisfait de l’explication de son maître et procède à la synthèse de ce qu’il a appris, quoique certains aspects de son résumé suggèrent qu’il est passé à côté de quelques-uns des traits les plus subtils de la théorie. Un post-scriptum traite brièvement de la question de savoir si des réminiscences de la Consolation de la Philosophie de Boèce ne sont pas à l’œuvre dans cette théorie érigénienne.
L'esprit Philosophique
Authors: Ruyer Raymond
Published: February 2013

Résumé Dans cette conférence prononcée en 1941, Ruyer dévoile la teneur de la démarche philosophique, qui consiste à s’intéresser « à tout », c’est-à-dire à se mettre à l’école des savoirs positifs, et à s’intéresser « au Tout », c’est-à-dire à élaborer la métaphysique qui correspond à ces savoirs et qui se retrouve en réalité en tout acte et en tout être.
Ruyer et la grande chaîne de l'être
Authors: Colonna Fabrice
Published: February 2013

Résumé Il est aisé de repérer dans la pensée de Ruyer la réactivation d’un motif philosophique ancien, celui de la « grande chaîne de l’être », dont Arthur Lovejoy avait donné une étude mémorable. On étudie ici comment un certain nombre de faits scientifiques contemporains, aussi bien dans la physique que dans la biologie, ainsi que la réflexion de Ruyer en théologie rationnelle, sont venus justifier sa réécriture.
L'individualité « cellophane » et la personne
Authors: Conrad André
Published: February 2013

Résumé La physique panpsychiste de Ruyer est fondée sur deux arguments : la science, par méthode, ne peut que méconnaître les formes, ne connaît que les structures, et toute réalité ne peut être qu’en se possédant activement, c’est-à-dire comme domaine, ou subjectivité, ou présence. La critique décisive du parallélisme psycho-physique montre que la philosophie de l’esprit, ou le fameux mind-body problem , n’est qu’un catalogue de faux problèmes (par exemple: y a-t-il une causalité mentale ? une interaction entre l’âme et le corps ?). Mais, s’agissant de la personne humaine, le spiritualisme ruyérien continue la tradition empiriste ( cf. W. James) en faisant du « je » un point de perspective mythique et provisoire. Le « je » émerge pragmatiquement de la présence, ne la constitue pas et disparaît avec elle. Peut-on opposer à ce spiritualisme sans sujet personnel un « je » distant et séparé de la seule présence ? À distance par là même de l’activité qui, au lieu de la substance, est la catégorie fondamentale de l’ontologie ruyérienne.
Le Dieu cartésien : quinze années d'études (1996-2011)
Authors: Arbib Dan
Published: February 2013

Résumé On présente une revue organisée et commentée des études cartésiennes des quinze dernières années sur la question de Dieu. Sont repérées deux constantes méthodologiques : la contextualisation dans une longue durée, du Moyen Âge à Kant ; l’affaiblissement du cadre interprétatif heideggerien. Quatre grands thèmes sont distingués : les rapports théologie/métaphysique ; la création des vérités éternelles ; les attributs et les noms divins ; la question de l’appartenance de Descartes à la métaphysique. On relève enfin deux aspects très peu étudiés : l’investigation phénoménologique, le lien entre métaphysique et morale.
L’histoire de la philosophie : une affaire de conversion ?
Authors: Devillairs Laurence
Published: February 2013

Ni notion psychologique, ni catégorie religieuse, la conversion est, dans le commentaire d’Henri Gouhier, un concept d’histoire de la philosophie, dont la pertinence consiste à la fois à souligner la singularité d’une œuvre et à restituer la culture de l’époque étudiée. Troisième voie entre le personnel et le collectif, entre l’original et le galvaudé, la conversion inscrit un auteur dans son temps tout en révélant sa force d’innovation. C’est dans son analyse des Pensées, et plus largement de Pascal, que Gouhier donne la preuve du caractère heuristique de cette thèse, sans laquelle le projet d’un philosophe, les choix qu’il accomplit, les modèles qu’il réfute ou adopte, resteraient incompréhensibles. On ne peut ainsi qu’être étonné de voir ce concept de conversion disparaître lorsqu’il s’agit pour le commentateur d’étudier les œuvres de Fénelon et de Descartes, où la conversion semble pourtant jouer un rôle prégnant et significatif.
Être et « vouloir être » : la conversion comme voie d’herméneutique du soi
Authors: Mossière Géraldine
Published: February 2013

En examinant une forme de conversion en apparence marginale, les processus d’entrée dans l’islam, cette contribution vise à repenser la valeur heuristique du concept de conversion au-delà de l’influence du paradigme chrétien. Après avoir identifié quelques caractéristiques des changements de religion actuels, nous référons à la généalogie du concept de conversion formulée par Michel Foucault pour proposer un modèle d’herméneutique du soi permettant de rendre compte des mobilités religieuses contemporaines motivées par des projets de transformation du soi. Les notions d’expérience, de performance et de ritualisation qui sont au cœur de ces opérations exercées sur le soi contribuent à la création d’un sujet croyant, éthique et moral.
Le thème de la conversion dans la profondeur analytique de l’« entre-deux »
Authors: Sassi Asma
Published: February 2013

La notion de conversion est omniprésente dans les études socio-historiques consacrées au soufisme, courant mystique de l’islam, dans le monde occidental. A tel point que le terme figure en permanence dans nos propres notes de recherche sur la genèse des mouvements soufis en Europe occidentale au début du XXe siècle. Pourtant, sa mention dans les archives des groupes étudiés est rare et parfois volontairement décriée ou dissimulée. Comment expliquer le caractère systématique de son usage ? Loin de n’être qu’une erreur d’approche, l’analyse de phénomènes de conversions peut au contraire affiner la manière de concevoir la notion d’entre-deux qui met en rapport deux univers : l’islam et l’Occident.
Emerging Options for Emergency Contraception
Authors: Koyama Atsuko , Hagopian Laura , Linden Judith
Published: February 2013

Emergency post-coital contraception (EC) is an effective method of preventing pregnancy when used appropriately. EC has been available since the 1970s, and its availability and use have become widespread. Options for EC are broad and include the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and emergency contraceptive pills such as levonorgestrel, ulipristal acetate, combined oral contraceptive pills (Yuzpe method), and less commonly, mifepristone. Some options are available over-the-counter, while others require provider prescription or placement. There are no absolute contraindications to the use of emergency contraceptive pills, with the exception of ulipristal acetate and mifepristone. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, side effects, clinical considerations, and patient preferences with respect to EC usage. The decision of which regimen to use is influenced by local availability, cost, and patient preference.
Examining Faculty Workload as a Single Antecedent of Job Satisfaction among Higher Public Education Staff in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Mustapha Noraani , Yu Ghee Wee
Published: February 2013

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of faculty workload on job satisfaction among lecturers in four public universities in Kelantan. Sample was randomly selected through systematic procedure. There were 320 samples responded the self-administered questionnaires. The data was analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the result indicated that there was negative significant relationship between daily faculty workload and job satisfaction. Organization should consider this variable in promoting satisfaction among employees in order to enhance organizational citizenship.
When, where, how and why does learners’ autonomy increase unemployment among school graduates? A peer tutor’s perspective
Authors: Arikpo Abam , Ajayi Omoogun , Richard Orim
Published: February 2013

Ordinarily, peer tutoring, which is the ability of a class or school mate to assess and respond by  explanation and application to the difficulty of another class or school mate or mates over a given subject matter vis –a –vis an implicit job situation could be seen a solution to unemployment. There has also been incidence of unemployment arising from, the explicability and generalizability of the peer-tutors access, equity, improvement in attitude, skill, and knowledge quality, relevance and diversification of delivery methods. The paper is a discussion of resolution and causes of graduate unemployment that could emanate from peer tutoring.
Coral Reef Resilience through Biodiversity
Authors: Rogers Caroline S.
Published: February 2013

Irrefutable evidence of coral reef degradation worldwide and increasing pressure from rising seawater temperatures and ocean acidification associated with climate change have led to a focus on reef resilience and a call to “manage” coral reefs for resilience. Ideally, global action to reduce emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will be accompanied by local action. Effective management requires reduction of local stressors, identification of the characteristics of resilient reefs, and design of marine protected area networks that include potentially resilient reefs. Future research is needed on how stressors interact, on how climate change will affect corals, fish, and other reef organisms as well as overall biodiversity, and on basic ecological processes such as connectivity. Not all reef species and reefs will respond similarly to local and global stressors. Because reef-building corals and other organisms have some potential to adapt to environmental changes, coral reefs will likely persist in spite of the unprecedented combination of stressors currently affecting them. The biodiversity of coral reefs is the basis for their remarkable beauty and for the benefits they provide to society. The extraordinary complexity of these ecosystems makes it both more difficult to predict their future and more likely they will have a future.
First Y-Short Tandem Repeat Categorical Dataset for Clustering Applications
Authors: Seman Ali , Abu Bakar Zainab , Isa Mohamed Nizam
Published: February 2013

The Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) data are mainly collected for a performance benchmarking result in clustering methods. There are six Y-STR dataset items, divided into two categories: Y-STR surname and Y-haplogroup data presented here. The Y-STR data are categorical, unique, and different from the other categorical data. They are composed of a lot of similar and almost similar objects. This characteristic of the Y-STR data has caused certain problems of the existing clustering algorithms in clustering them.
Exploring Hawaiian Volcanism
Authors: Poland Michael P. , Okubo Paul G. , Hon Ken
Published: February 2013

In 1912 the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) was established by Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Thomas A. Jaggar Jr. on the island of Hawaii. Driven by the devastation he observed while investigating the volcanic disasters of 1902 at Montagne Pelée in the Caribbean, Jaggar conducted a worldwide search and decided that Hawai‘i provided an excellent natural laboratory for systematic study of earthquake and volcano processes toward better understanding of seismic and volcanic hazards. In the 100 years since HVO's founding, surveillance and investigation of Hawaiian volcanoes have spurred advances in volcano and seismic monitoring techniques, extended scientists’ understanding of eruptive activity and processes, and contributed to development of global theories about hot spots and mantle plumes.
More greenhouse gases needed to explain warm Archean Earth
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: February 2013

Figure 1 During the Archean eon, from 3.8 to 2.5 billion years ago, life on Earth was thriving for the first time, growing in a world with much less land and a faster planetary rotation than today. At the same time, the energy flowing to the early Earth from the Sun was just three quarters of what it is now. Despite the drastically lower levels of solar irradiance, previous research has suggested that the Archean Earth was not a planet encased in ice but instead remained a watery world. To explain this seeming inconsistency, a dilemma known as the “faint young Sun paradox,” researchers have suggested that the planetary greenhouse effect must have been much more potent than today. Previous research suggested that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels would need to have had a partial pressure of approximately 0.06 bar, equivalent to an atmospheric concentration 200 times that of the pre‐Industrial modern era.