bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USCNet: Seismic P-wave arrival time pickup based on deep learning
Authors: Xu Lei , Shen Tong , Jiang Xuan
Published: December 2024

The accurate pickup of seismic P-waves has important application value for real-time seismic data processing such as earthquake activity monitoring and earthquake disaster warning. However, existing low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data pickup algorithms often face problems of low accuracy and poor robustness. To address these issues, we designed a seismic P-wave picking network called USCNet. This network combines the advantages of U-Net and SegNet networks. The U-Net network performs well in picking accuracy, but requires a large number of learning parameters; SegNet networks are trained with fewer learning parameters, but have lower picking accuracy. The USCNet network integrates the CBAM attention mechanism, which can deeply extract key information from seismic data, thereby significantly improving the picking accuracy. We use the Stanford Earthquake Dataset (STEAD) as the data source. The experimental results show that USCNet performs significantly better than U-Net and SegNet networks on this dataset, with significant improvements in metrics such as Mean (μ), Variance (δ), Precision (P), and Recall (R), as well as significantly improved picking performance.
A new inversion scheme for time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography based on a full-gradient Jacobian matrix
Authors: Yan Jiahe , Zeng Zhaofa , Zhou Shuai , Zhao Jianwei
Published: December 2024

Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been proved to be a useful method for monitoring subsurface changes. Four-dimensional (4D) inversion scheme is one of the most common inversion schemes used to obtain subsurface resistivity at different moments. However, it uses the cross-time term to regulate the models at neighbouring moments and still needs to be improved. Therefore, we proposed a full-gradient difference (FGD) inversion scheme based on the 4D inversion scheme. The numerical experiment shows that the FGD inversion scheme has good imaging and anti-noise capability, which can be used in ERT monitoring.
Physical simulation study of fracturing monitoring of hot dry rock by borehole-surface electromagnetic method in frequency domain
Authors: Xiaoqiang Chen , Xiaoli Mi , Hui Cao
Published: December 2024

The Chinese mainland has abundant hot-dry-rock (HDR) resources. However, large-scale application is significantly challenged by the fracturing and stimulation of HDR reservoirs, making monitoring HDR fracturing essential. The borehole-surface electromagnetic method, which involves borehole excitation and surface collection of electromagnetic signals, captures stronger secondary field signals, aiding in assessing and guiding the fracturing effects in HDR reservoirs. Despite its potential, research on this method for HDR fracturing monitoring is limited. To explore and validate the effectiveness and mechanism of the frequency-domain borehole-surface electromagnetic method for HDR fracturing monitoring, this study conducts physical simulation experiments. The experiments use water to simulate HDR caprock, a mixture of water and sand for the HDR layer, and a graphite-cement anomaly model for the HDR fractured zone. Results indicate significant differences in electric field response amplitudes before fracturing, during fracturing, and after fracturing. When excited below and at the center of the anomaly model, the Ey response amplitude decreases with lower model resistivity, and when excited at the center, the Ey response amplitude similarly decreases with reduced resistivity. These findings demonstrate that the borehole-surface electromagnetic method effectively reflects changes in resistivity within the fracturing anomaly model, making it a suitable electromagnetic exploration method for monitoring HDR fracturing.
3-D inversion of gravity and magnetic data and its application in the study on the characteristics of magmatic rocks in the Yin’e Basin and adjacent areas
Authors: Weiheng Yuan , Xiaoqiang Chen , Chang’an Guo , Chutong Chen , Lingxiao Zhang
Published: December 2024

Magmatic rocks are crucial in studies of tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation. To elucidate the distribution characteristics of subsurface rocks in the Yin’e Basin, the study utilizes the method of the weighted physical property inversion of random subdomains to conduct a three-dimensional inversion analysis of gravity and magnetic data. The findings indicate that magmatic rocks are predominantly located in the western and southeastern regions. Regional faults significantly influence the distribution of magnetic rocks in the Yin’e Basin. In the eastern part, magmatic rocks are generally larger and predominantly aligned in a northeast-southwest direction, whereas in the western part, they are oriented northwest-southeast, aligning with the tectonic framework of the study area. Intermediate-basic rocks are primarily distributed along fault belts and uplift zones, while acidic rocks are concentrated in depression zones. These results provide substantial insights into the distribution patterns of magmatic rocks and hold significant implications for oil and gas geological exploration in the Yin’e Basin.
Deep mantle evolution of the South China Sea and its interaction with surrounding subduction systems
Authors: Tian Hao , Zhou Zhiyuan , Lin Jian , Luo Yiming , Zhang Fan
Published: December 2024

As one of the largest marginal seas in the Western Pacific Ocean, the South China Sea (SCS) has garnered significant attention due to its origin and tectonic evolution. Nevertheless, our understanding of the deep mantle evolution in the SCS and its interaction with adjacent subduction systems remains limited. This paper examines the interaction between subduction zone systems within and around the SCS by combining geophysical observations with 3-D geodynamic simulations. The geophysical observations reveal multiple subduction zones surrounding the SCS, suggesting a close relationship between its tectonic evolution and these neighboring subduction systems. This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional geodynamic model that illustrates mantle evolution in the SCS, showing how mantle upwelling in its northern regions is connected to nearby subduction systems. Overall, the findings from the geophysical observations and geodynamic simulations indicate that the surrounding subduction zones significantly influence the deep structure of the SCS.
Structure-guided impedance inversion based on MTV regularization
Authors: Li Hao , Cui Yian , Wang Pu
Published: December 2024

Seismic impedance inversion is a reliable technique for estimating subsurface rock attributes from poststack data. However, the efficacy of inversion results is often compromised by data noise, initial model, and model constraints. Traditional single trace inversions typically generate the inversion results with spatial discontinuities, especially when the noise level is high, due to the lack of geometric constraints. To enhance the imaging quality, we introduce the structural constraints into the modified total variation (MTV) regularization scheme, developing the Structure-Guided MTV (SGMTV) regularization inversion method. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed SGMTV inversion method can effectively reconstruct multitrace impedance parameters simultaneously, with enhanced structural features and less model noise.
The impact of grid partitioning on the convergence efficiency of tree-based Bayesian inversion
Authors: Tian Shengqi , Guo Rongwen , Liu Jianxin
Published: December 2024

Bayesian inversion commonly employs the rj-MCMC sampling algorithm for global search, but it is known for its low efficiency. To enhance sampling efficiency in multidimensional subspaces, advanced model parameterization methods are required. Hawkins proposed a tree-based model parameterization using wavelet basis functions, which leverages the tree structure to subdivide the subsurface model. This paper examines the impact of logarithmic interval subdivision of the subsurface and a combination of shallow uniform subdivision with deep logarithmic interval subdivision on sampling efficiency. The results indicate that the combined approach of shallow uniform subdivision and deep logarithmic interval subdivision leads to faster convergence in the inversion process.
Optimization of new energy control parameters based on the atomic orbital search algorithm
Authors: Cao Xiaoyu , Chen Yajie , Zhao Zhibin , Tian Xiaoyu , Jiao Chaoqun
Published: December 2024

In order to mitigate the issues of power angle stability and transient overvoltage resulting from the integration of large-scale new energy sources into the centralized grid and the introduction of high-voltage direct current into the delivery system, a novel control parameter optimization method based on the Atomic Orbital Search (AOS) algorithm is proposed. This paper analyzes the influence of key control parameters on power angle stability and transient overvoltage during new energy Low Voltage Ride Through LVRT, constructs an optimization model considering the power angle stability and transient voltage rise, and solves the problem by using the AOS algorithm. The results of a regional power grid simulation demonstrate that optimized new energy LVRT control parameters can effectively mitigate transient overvoltage at the delivery end system, thereby ensuring the safe of the AC and DC-sending power grid.
A review on liquefaction and cold storage of liquid air energy storage
Authors: Shen Jie , Liu Ruonan , Bai Yundou , Han Jian , He Qing
Published: December 2024

Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a large scale, long energy storage duration, high energy density, and no geographical constraints, making it an effective means to address the intermittency and variability issues of renewable energy. The processes of air liquefaction and cold energy storage occur simultaneously. The liquefaction method can impact the liquefaction rate and efficiency of the system. Various cold storage (CS) methods can affect the utilization of cold energy in the system. First, an overview and comparison of five different liquefaction cycles is presented in the paper. Then, the importance of the CS method is analyzed, and different CS methods are compared. Finally, the paper issues related to cold energy balance in liquefaction and CS over multiple cycles are examined, and the future works of liquefaction and CS of LAES are discussed.
Fault diagnosis method of converter valve equipment based on infrared image processing
Authors: Han Fengshou , Lai Hao , Li Jianxun , Han Zixi , Li Jingxiang , Peng Ten
Published: December 2024

To solve the problem of abnormal heating of converter valve equipment, this text suggests a means for diagnosing failures of valve converter devices based on infrared radiation. First, the image is processed by gray level elimination and image segmentation, and then the relative temperature difference algorithm is used for defect diagnosis. Finally, experiments bear out the precision of the means.
Optimal configuration model of multi-energy capacity structure
Authors: Shi Jialin , Wu Fangrong , Lu Kunjie , Le Ying , Li Mingchao , Suo Xun
Published: December 2024

To solve the multi-energy capacity allocation problem, a hybrid power system planning model based on complex adaptive system theory (CAS) is proposed considering the temporal and stochastic characteristics of renewable energy sources. The objective function of the model is to maximize economic efficiency, with various types of power sources as adaptive agents and power generation as the decision variable. The model achieves rational allocation of multi-energy generation capacity through the adaptive effects between entities and the environment as well as the behavior rules of constantly changing entities. The actual power system is selected for simulation and compared with the Pareto solution set. Results show that the optimal configuration of power structure based on CAS can significantly improve the consumption of renewable energy and is more in line with the operating mode of the actual power system.
Power grid facility detection and static model reconstruction based on multi-view stereo vision reconstruction
Authors: Chen Qiushi
Published: December 2024

Power grid facility detection and static model reconstruction are critical in power system management and planning. Traditional methods have such problems as low detection accuracy, and the reconstruction result is inaccurate. It is necessary to find an effective method for improving detection accuracy and reliability. In this paper, a multi-view stereo vision reconstruction method was proposed to improve the accuracy of power grid facility detection and static model reconstruction. The method used the image information of multiple views and stereo vision algorithms, and integrated image information from multiple views through the image depth analysis and feature detection of the stereo vision algorithm. Finally, the detection and 3D model of the power facility were accurately reconstructed. The experimental verification showed that the multi-view stereo vision reconstruction method had a better effect on detecting the power grid facility and the static model reconstruction. The accuracy and integrity of the facility detection were improved, and the false alarm and miss detection in the traditional method were reduced.
Design and study of a forearm-type wheel-legged obstacle-crossing robot
Authors: Fang Lin , Tan Xiaolan , Huang Guangao , Jiang Xin , Xue Yunhao
Published: December 2024

Traditional legged robots suffer from slow movement speed, low energy utilization, complex control and poor reliability, while wheeled robots are deficient in obstacle crossing and environmental adaptability. To address such problems, the project suggests a forearm-type obstacle-crossing robot based on rear-wheel drive. This solution realizes the change from single-point contact of bipedal robots to continuous single-point contact, which improves the stability and moving speed of the system. Meanwhile, the forearm structure reduces the constraints on the moving environment, which gives it excellent obstacle-crossing performance; the simple mechanical structure improves reliability and flexibility.
A linkage mechanism with high mechanical advantage for robotic grippers
Authors: Zhu Yonghui , Sun Xiantao , Wang Zhiyong , Chen Wenjie , Xie Gang , Chen Weihai
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a compact linkage mechanism with high mechanical advantage and stroke is designed. The mechanism converts a small input force into a large output force using a toggle mechanism. Its feasibility for application in large gripping force manipulators has been verified. In the paper, the kinematic and static analyses of the mechanism are carried out. The effects of the mechanism parameters on its characteristics are investigated. Then, a dynamic mechanism simulation is carried out using ADAMS to obtain its mechanical gain and gripping force during motion. Finally, the processed double toggle mechanism is analyzed experimentally to verify its applicability. The simulation and experimental results show that the linkage mechanism performs better in the case of large gripping force demand. It can provide effective help for the design of mechanical grippers with large gripping force.
Algorithm realization of automatic navigation handling robot
Authors: Meng Tao
Published: December 2024

In traditional processing workshops, handling materials often needs to be completed manually, which is inefficient, greatly increases labor costs, and may even pose safety hazards. In order to solve these problems, automatic navigation handling robots have been introduced in the processing workshop. This paper designs an algorithm to automatically navigate and grab materials based on an automatic navigation handling robot. Among them, the construction and positioning of the map are realized using the Gmapping algorithm. The navigation is realized using the two-dimensional navigation function package that comes with the robot operating system, and the secondary positioning of the automatic navigation robot is realized according to the actual situation combined with the two-dimensional code. Simulation results show that the automatic navigation handling robot algorithm designed in this paper has good stability and can achieve accurate positioning and material grabbing.
Error modeling of a 3-RPS parallel mechanism based on screw theory
Authors: Song Xiaozong , Bao Zhenliang , Liu Jiakang
Published: December 2024

Due to the highly nonlinear nature of the kinematic equations of parallel mechanisms, this paper conducts an error modeling study of the 3-RPS parallel mechanism based on the efficiency and unification advantages of screw theory in handling nonlinear systems. First, the geometric structure and kinematic characteristics of the mechanism are analyzed; in addition, redundant error elimination is performed. Then, an error model is established using the screw theory. The impact of structural parameter errors on the end-effector’s position and orientation is analyzed through simulations. The conclusions indicate that the model can accurately predict the error distribution patterns of the parallel mechanism, providing important theoretical support for the precision optimization design of parallel mechanisms.
A two-stage 6D pose estimation method for industrial textureless parts based on multi-feature fusion
Authors: Lv Nengbin , Yang Wei , Du Fuzhou
Published: December 2024

6D pose estimation is an essential supporting technology for many industrial applications such as robotic vision, human-robot collaboration and augmented reality. However, in industrial environments, due to the textureless, reflective, and occluded characteristics of industrial parts, the accuracy and adaptability to the application environment of pose estimation are limited. To solve this issue, a two-stage 6D pose estimation method for industrial parts is proposed, which uses a multi-feature fusion strategy. In the first stage, the semantic keypoints are selected to train a PVN3D-based RGBD fusion pose estimation network to predict the initial pose. In the second stage, we propose a pose iterative optimization method based on the fusion of appearance and geometric features. Experiments on the MP6D industrial dataset demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits the comparative methods. Our approach offers a novel idea for accurate and robust pose estimation of industrial parts.
Cotton cellulose nanofiber/chitosan scaffolds for skin tissue engineering and wound healing applications
Authors: Fayer Leonara , Vasconcellos Rebecca , de Oliveira Eduarda Rocha , da Silva Almeida Ferreira Caroline , de Souza Nelson Luis Gonçalves Dias , Manhabosco Taíse Matte , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando Cappa , Martins Maria Alice , Brandão Humberto de Mello , Munk Michele
Published: December 2024

Chitosan (CS) is a promising polymeric biomaterial for use in scaffolds for in vitro skin models and wound dressings, owing to its non-antigenic and antimicrobial properties. However, CS often exhibits insufficient physicochemical properties, mechanical strength, and bioactivity, limiting its efficacy in demanding applications. To address these challenges, cotton cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) represent a promising nanomaterial for enhancing CS-based scaffolds in tissue engineering. CNF offers superior stiffness, and mechanical properties that enhance cellular adhesion and proliferation, both crucial for effective tissue regeneration and healing. This study aimed to develop and characterize a scaffold combining cotton CNF and CS, focusing on its cytocompatibility with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The cotton CNF/CS scaffold was fabricated using the casting technique, and its physicochemical properties and cellular compatibility were assessed in vitro. The results demonstrated that incorporating cotton CNF significantly enhanced the stability of the CS matrix. The CS scaffold with 1000 μg ml−1 of cotton CNF exhibited increased roughness and reduced rupture strain compared to the pure CS scaffold. The cotton CNF/CS scaffold effectively promoted the adhesion, viability, proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of skin cells. Notably, increased cell viability was observed in human fibroblasts cultured on scaffolds with higher concentrations of cotton CNF (100 and 1000 μg ml−1). Based on the findings, the cotton CNF/CS scaffold demonstrates enhanced physicochemical properties and bioactivity, making it a promising candidate for the development of in vitro human skin models and wound healing dressings.
Advances in additive manufacturing for bone tissue engineering: materials, design strategies, and applications
Authors: Pazhamannil Ribin Varghese , Alkhedher Mohammad
Published: December 2024

The growing annual demand for bone grafts and artificial implants emphasizes the need for effective solutions to repair or replace injured bones. Additive manufacturing technology offers unique merits for advancing bone tissue engineering (BTE), enabling the creation of scaffolds and implants with customized shapes and designs, interconnected architecture, controlled mechanical properties and compositions, and broadening its range of applications. It overcomes the limitations of traditional manufacturing methods such as electrospinning, salt leaching, freeze drying, solvent casting etc. This review highlights additive manufacturing technologies and their applications in BTE, as well as materials and scaffold architectures to widen the potential of the biomedical sector. The selection of optimal printing methods for BTE requires careful consideration of the advantages and disadvantages against the needs for degradation, strength, and biocompatibility. Material extrusion and powder bed fusion techniques are the most widely used additive manufacturing processes in BTE. The comprehensive review also revealed that parametric designs such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and Voronoi hold better characteristics for their application in BTE. Voronoi designs exhibit exceptional randomness whereas TPMS structures feature high permeability with continuous surfaces. Topology optimized and gradient models exhibited superior physical and mechanical properties compared to uniform lattices. Future research should focus on the development of novel biomaterials, multi-material printing, assessing long-term impacts, and enhancing 3D printing technologies.
An inter-comparison of tropical cyclone datasets for the Australian region
Authors: Kumar Sarvesh , Chand Savin , Ramsay Hamish , Klotzbach Philip J , Courtney Joseph , Koschatzky Valentina , Kumar Sushil
Published: December 2024

Tropical cyclone (TC) best track datasets have temporal inhomogeneity, mostly associated with changes in monitoring practices and technological improvements. Temporal inconsistencies are often mitigated by using TC data from more homogeneous periods. For example, TC records since 1980 are preferred for frequency and track analysis, while records for intensity analysis have become more consistent since ∼2000. However, such measures reduce the sample size for trend analysis, potentially leading to conflicting conclusions due to natural climate-variability. Inter-agency best track data can also vary, due to differences in the way best track information—such as centre fix locations and associated intensity estimates—are defined and assessed. When comparing global datasets and regional datasets, additional inconsistencies can be introduced where TCs form or track just outside the official area of responsibility for each agency. We highlight discrepancies in Australian TC best track data from various sources by comparing it to a more rigorously scrutinized dataset compiled by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. This dataset is found to have highly accurate TC records for the Australian region. We also highlight the implications of data differences on TC-related trend analysis, aiming to increase awareness of dataset inconsistencies while guiding credible climate-change detection and attribution messages.
Policy relevant crop diversity monitoring based on earth observation and farmers’ declarations
Authors: der Velde Marijn van , Claverie Martin , d’Andrimont Raphaël , Machefer Melissande , Bosco Simona , Catarino Rui , Dentener Frank , Angilieri Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive, wall-to-wall, evaluation of cropping systems and therefore crop diversity using Earth Observation (EO) data is becoming reality. Agricultural policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the European Union (EU) stimulate more diverse crop-mixes. We compute a new EU-wide overview of crop diversification for 2018 using the Shannon diversity index based on 10 m resolution EO crop map. For the EU as a whole, the effective number of species broadly ranges from 2.6 (p10) to 5.3 (p90) with a median of 3.9. The EO-based map allows identifying how crop diversity varies at an informative spatial resolution, e.g. in areas dominated by mono-cropping or with extensive forest cover. Here we compare the crop diversity calculated from top–down EO-data and bottom–up farmers’ declarations in the Netherlands using the EO-based map (more than 84 millions 10 m pixels) and 2018 Dutch farmers declarations (more than 323 thousands parcels). After accounting for differences in thematic and spatial detail we show agreement in spatial patterns and calculated crop diversification (R
2 = 0.62). Furthermore, we track changes in crop diversity over time using the Dutch farmers’ declarations from 2009 to 2021, which suggest a positive response to the 2014 CAP greening policy. Combining the forthcoming Copernicus High Resolution Layers on Crop Types with increasingly available parcel data will enhance spatial targeting of agricultural policies and facilitate the monitoring of policy impact at farm to regional level.
Fragility and seismic risk of public building structures due to earthquake loads (Case study: Manahan Sports Building)
Authors: Sari A N , Sangadji S , Saifullah H A
Published: December 2024

Earthquake disaster is a natural disaster with a small probability of occurrence but with a large risk of consequences. Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area which is flanked by 3 plates. which results in Indonesia becoming an earthquake-prone area. This paper analyzes the seismic performance and risk of public buildings of indoor sports buildings which has a inclined column with an elliptical cross-section in Manahan District, Surakarta city. From 1867-2022, there were 10 big earthquakes that occurred in several nearby cities in Surakarta. The seismic risk analysis was conducted by constructing a fragility function depicted in the form of a fragility curve. The analysis procedure starts with developing a 3D finite element model in the computer and applying pushover loads so that the structure achieves nonlinear behavior with material specifications and loading in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard 1726-2019 regulations and resulting in capacity curves, then converted into a capacity spectrum curve. Damage limits are set based on ATC-40 and HAZUS MH-MR 5 criteria. The fragility function is defined as the conditional probability of exceeding the damage limits set for various earthquake intensities. From this study, the probability of building damage based on ground acceleration in Surakarta (Sa=0,36g) with ATC-40 criteria is obtained on the X axis with Immediate Occupancy damage of 13.29% and Life safety of 3.21%, on the Y axis the Immediate Occupancy limit is 55.51% and Life safety is 13.89%. For HAZUS MH-MR 5 guidelines on the X-axis the probability for slight damage is 60.29%, moderate 30.97%, extensive 3.21% and complete 0.42%, and for the Y-axis slight is 93.76%, moderate 73.06%, extensive 12.24% and complete 9.47%.
Correlation of CPT, SPT, and ERT data for a better understanding of soils condition: A case study in SPG Merbau, South Sumatra
Authors: Putra M. Sang Gumilar Panca , Salleh Shahrun Nazida , Anggraini Nita
Published: December 2024

Soil investigation at a project site is crucial for understanding soil properties and layers, which is essential for designing a robust foundation and preventing future construction failures. This study evaluates the relationship between Cone Penetration Test (CPT), Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) methods at the Merbau Gas Gathering Station (SPG) in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The methods used include CPT for determining geotechnical parameters and soil characteristics, SPT for measuring soil consistency through blow counts, and ERT for assessing soil resistivity, which correlates with soil type and moisture content. CPT and SPT results exhibit a very strong correlation (R2 = 0.9962 at Location 01 and 0.9839 at Location 02), indicating that CPT’s qc values are reliable predictors of SPT blow counts. In contrast, the correlation between ERT resistivity and CPT is moderate, with R2 values of 0.5564 and 0.6465 at the two locations, suggesting a moderate negative relationship where higher resistivity corresponds to lower qc values. The correlation between ERT resistivity and SPT is weaker at Location 01 (R2 = 0.0882) but stronger at Location 02 (R2 = 0.7114), indicating that resistivity has a more significant influence on SPT results at Location 02. In conclusion, while CPT and SPT show strong correlation and consistency in soil characterization, ERT provides supplementary data whose influence varies by location. This analysis underscores the complexity of integrating different geotechnical testing methods and the importance of considering site-specific conditions when interpreting subsurface data.
Determination of Excavation Method and Support System for Sultan Alimuddin - Kakap Tunnel Based on Surface Geology Mapping and Excavation Face
Authors: Martiane Wieta , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Anggara Ferian
Published: December 2024

With Samarinda serving as a key buffer to the capital city of Nusantara, which grapples with urbanization and congestion challenges, infrastructure development has become a critical focus, particularly the construction of the Sultan Alimuddin - Kakap Tunnel. Planned for Selili Village, this tunnel will be the first road tunnel in East Kalimantan and is strategically important for alleviating traffic congestion, enhancing the distribution of goods and services, and ensuring safety. However, the geological conditions at the construction site pose significant challenges, mainly due to weak rock with a high potential for landslides. By assessing the rock mass utilizing the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) evaluation methodologies and the Rock Mass Rating (RMR), this research seeks to identify the most appropriate excavation techniques and tunnel support systems. To characterize the engineering geology, surface geological mapping, core drill analysis, tunnel excavation face mapping, and laboratory testing were performed. The RMR and JSCE assessment methods were compared to assess the rock mass quality and recommend appropriate excavation techniques and support systems. The findings reveal that the tunnel alignment is dominated by interbedded siltstone and sandstone lithologies. The rock mass quality along the tunnel, as reported by RMR, varies from fair to poor. Based on the JSCE method, the tunnel route falls into the DI, CII, and CI rock categories. The top heading and bench excavation method is recommended based on RMR, while the double bench method is suggested by the JSCE assessment. Although there are slight differences in the recommended support systems, both RMR and JSCE consistently advise using rock bolts and shotcrete as the main method of support for the tunnel.
The effect of glass powder and husk ash on the permeability of clay soil
Authors: Kusumastuti Dyah Pratiwi , Sajiharjo  , Pantouw John Paulus
Published: December 2024

In geotechnical engineering, hydraulic conductivity is a crucial characteristic that affects applications like stability analysis and irrigation management. However, clay soils usually have low hydraulic conductivity, which makes them unsuitable for use in several types of constructions. This current study investigates the combined use of glass powder and rice husk ash as additives and evaluates their impact on clay soil’s hydraulic conductivity. The research involved preparing soil specimens by mixing 10% glass powder with varying percentages of rice husk (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%). Permeability testing was performed using the falling head method, following the Indonesian standard SNI 03-6870:2002. According to a grain size examination, more than 85% of soil’s small particles could be passed through a number 200 sieve. The result showed that adding glass powder and rice husk ash significantly increased the soil’s void ratio and hydraulic conductivity. With 10% glass powder and 5% rice husk ash added, the void ratio peaked at 0.633, and with 10% glass powder and 10% rice husk ash, the greatest hydraulic conductivity was 1.4973×10−3 m/day (1.7329×10− 5 cm/sec). However, only the specimen with 10% glass powder and 5% rice husk maintained hydraulic conductivity within the acceptable limit for liners and covers (≤ 1×10−7 cm/sec). The findings highlight the importance of optimizing stabilizer proportions to achieve desirable soil characteristics.
Identification of Potential Tides in Terusan Tengah Tidal Irrigation Area Canal Network and Its Surrounding Channels
Authors: Utami R D , Rahardjo A P , Sujono J , Yakubson
Published: December 2024

The study focuses on the Terusan Tengah Tidal Irrigation Area (T3IA) in Central Kalimantan, which features a fork-type channel system with an upstream retention-pond, lacking a control gate. Water is sourced from the Terusan River, connecting the Kahayan and Kapuas Rivers. Farmers have constructed a minor channel connecting the primary channel to the Kapuas River and Java Strait coast. This study aims to identify external and internal water management factors that influence the optimization of the T3IA to improve irrigation water quality. External factors in this study are the tides and water quality coming from the neighboring channel networks, and internal factors are channel networks within T3IA. Field observations assessed hydrodynamics and water quality, measuring water elevation, pH, and pyrite depth in channel networks. Analysis data focused on potential energy from tides and the interplay between water elevation and pH. The results show that at the downstream end of the primary channel, acidity increased when the flood tide started. The energy head during flood tide was 0.147m, and during ebb tide was 0.543m, indicating that during flood tide, the irrigation network was capable of flowing water into the network, but the energy was less than that ebb tide. This flow affects water quality; during spring tide, pH values ranged from 4.02 to 3.27, and during neap tide, pH values ranged from 3.66 to 3.25. For future research, it is recommended to simulate unsteady flow simulations for evaluating several water management scenarios to increase the pH value at secondary channels.
Review the water balance of the Sempor Irrigation Area in Kebumen Regency
Authors: Putri Ayu Septyandini Yudiva , Sapei Asep
Published: December 2024

The Sempor Reservoir has a Catchment Area of 4,231 hectares. The catchment area of Sempor Reservoir has undergone land use change from green areas to residential areas, resulting in erosion. Erosion causes sedimentation in the reservoir, which affects the reservoir’s storage capacity. This study aims to review the needs, availability, and water balance in the Sempor Irrigation Area. The F.J. Mock model was chosen to calculate the water availability in the catchment area of Sempor Reservoir. This method estimates discharge from rainfall. The calculation results show that the highest water availability occurs in the first period of January, amounting to 5.20 million m3, while the highest water demand in the Sempor Irrigation Area occurs in the first period of May, amounting to 6.97 million m3. The Sempor Irrigation Area experiences a water deficit of 38 million m3. The catchment area of Sempor Reservoir can only meet 60% of the total needs of the Sempor Irrigation Area. Therefore, proper management of the Sempor Reservoir is necessary to maintain its storage capacity.
Effects of using lannea coromandelica gum and coal waste in hot mix asphalt pavement on vehicle overloading
Authors: Miftahulkhair Muh , Arifin Muhammad Zainul , Sutikno Fauzul Rizal
Published: December 2024

The predominant type of pavement currently in use is flexible pavement constructed with a hot asphalt mixture. However, with economic development advancing in various regions, transportation challenges, such as vehicle overloading, especially in developing nations, have emerged. It is crucial to enhance and innovate the materials used in asphalt mixtures, which form the primary structure supporting pavement loads, to address these issues effectively. Incorporating green materials sourced from natural and waste sources becomes essential for promoting sustainable development. This study investigates the utilization of materials derived from the sap of the lannea coromandelica tree, known for its natural resin-like adhesives, as well as coal waste as a filler in asphalt mixtures. Laboratory experiments were conducted alongside vehicle load data analysis, focusing on excessive vehicle loads on roads. The findings indicate that incorporating these green materials enhances the modulus value of the asphalt mixture, particularly in the lannea coromandelica gum with fly ash (LCGFA) mixture, which amounted to 4161 Mpa, followed by the lannea coromandelica gum with bottom ash (LCGBA) mixture by 3729 Mpa, compared to the control mixture, hot mix asphalt concrete. Additionally, these results influence the Truck Factor value of vehicles. The higher the truck factor value, the impact on the pavement structure is due to the vehicle load transmitted through the vehicle axis, which is forwarded by the pavement to the subgrade. The adoption of LCGFA and LCGBA reduces the Truck Factor value from 5,386 to 4,980 under the LCGFA mix and 5,143 under the LCGBA mix, indicating decreased pavement damage caused by the wheel axles of overloaded vehicles. Consequently, utilizing these green materials is considered capable of providing enhanced durability and environmental benefits to pavement structures. In addition, this material can be used by field practitioners to reduce material costs and environmental impact.
The role of NaOH molarity on the strength performance of geopolymer mortar prepared by a combination of fly ash, rice husk ash, and kaolin at heat-cured condition
Authors: Wardhono Arie , Risdianto Yogie , Sabariman Bambang , Hidajati Ninik Wahju
Published: December 2024

The use of fly ash as geopolymer primary material has been widely used, however, the availability of this material is decreasing along with the closure of coal-based power plants to address the global warming issue. Therefore, finding an alternative material to substitute the role of fly ash in geopolymer manufacturing is necessary This paper reports the effect of NaOH molarity variations on the strength properties of fly ash-rice husk ash-kaolin-based geopolymer. The geopolymer mortars were prepared by mixing 0.7 fly ash, 0.21 rice husk ash, and 0.09 kaolin with sodium silicate and NaOH as alkaline activators. The ratio of total fly ash, rice husk ash, and kaolin to fine aggregate was kept at 1:2.75. While the sodium silicate to NaOH ratio and water to solid ratio were maintained at 2.0 and 0.39-0.40, respectively The variations of NaOH molarity were 4 M, 6 M, 8 M, 10 M, and 12 M. Heat curing treatment was applied to all specimens. The compressive strength and porosity tests were carried out at 28 days. The results showed that the NaOH molarity significantly affects the strength performance and porosity of fly ash-rice husk ash-kaolin-based geopolymer. The highest strength was achieved by a 10-molar NaOH geopolymer mix with a strength of 32.11 MPa at 28 days. This 10 Molar mix also demonstrated the lowest porosity with a value of 6.3%, indicating a better specimen density. However, increasing the molarity of NaOH by more than 10 Molar tends to decrease the geopolymer strength and improve its pore area. Thus, it can be concluded that a combination of fly ash, rice husk ash, and kaolin at a specific molarity can be used as alternative materials for fly ash-based geopolymers to address global warming and climate change issues.
Influence of ferronickel slag 4 powder on the properties of Class C fly ash based geopolymer paste
Authors: Edwin Romy Suryaningrat , Masud Fitriah , Rustan Fathur Rahman , Soeparyanto Try Sugiyarto , Efendy Faisal
Published: December 2024

This study examined the performance of a geopolymer paste based on class C fly ash and ferronickel slag under ambient curing conditions. To achieve an excellent geopolymerization mechanism between silica and alumina, the ferronickel slag was ground intensively using a ball mill to achieve a similar fineness to class C fly ash. Ferronickel slag four powder (FNS 4P) was added to the geopolymer paste comprising class C fly ash up to 20% in 10% increments. Na2SiO3 and NaOH 14 M were blended in a 2:1 ratio to create the alkaline activator, which was ready 24 hours before mixing. As class C fly ash hardens quickly after being mixed with an alkaline activator at a temperature of more than 25 °C, the mixing process was conducted in the morning. Performance analysis was investigated in this study using setting time, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The results reveal that the compressive strength of geopolymer paste containing FNS 4P slightly increased compared to the reference mixture at 28 days of ambient curing. The flexural strength of the mixture containing 20% FNS 4P increased in the early days of curing. However, the positive effect of FNS 4P in flexural strength performance was only for a mixture containing 10% FNS 4P after curing at 28 days. The addition of FNS 4P delayed the setting time of fresh geopolymer paste containing C-class fly ash.
TUDCA modulates drug bioavailability to regulate resistance to acute ER stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chadwick Sarah R. , Stack-Couture Samuel , Berg Matthew D. , Di Gregorio Sonja , Lung Bryan , Genereaux Julie , Moir Robyn D. , Brandl Christopher J. , Willis Ian M. , Snapp Erik L. , Lajoie Patrick
Published: December 2024

Cells counter accumulation of misfolded secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Small molecules termed chemical chaperones can promote protein folding to alleviate ER stress. The bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has been described as a chemical chaperone. While promising in models of protein folding diseases, TUDCA's mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we found TUDCA can rescue growth of yeast treated with the ER stressor tunicamycin (Tm), even in the absence of a functional UPR. In contrast, TUDCA failed to rescue growth on other ER stressors. Nor could TUDCA attenuate chronic UPR associated with specific gene deletions or overexpression of a misfolded mutant secretory protein. Neither pretreatment with nor delayed addition of TUDCA conferred protection against Tm. Importantly, attenuation of Tm-induced toxicity required TUDCA's critical micelle forming concentration, suggesting a mechanism where TUDCA directly sequesters drugs. Indeed, in several assays, TUDCA-treated cells closely resembled cells treated with lower doses of Tm. In addition, we found TUDCA can inhibit dyes from labeling intracellular compartments. Thus, our study challenges the model of TUDCA as a chemical chaperone and suggests that TUDCA decreases drug bioavailability, allowing cells to adapt to ER stress.
Effects of Government Mistrust and Group-Based Medical Mistrust on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among a Sample of African Americans
Authors: Manning Mark , Dailey Rhonda , Levy Phil , Towner Elizabeth , Cresswell Sheena , Thompson Hayley S
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite the demonstrated efficacy of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines, higher rates of vaccine hesitancy among African Americans remain concerning. As determinants of vaccine hesitancy, the simultaneous roles of government mistrust and group-based medical mistrust have not been examined via from a cognitive information perspective among African Americans.

Purpose

We examined the direct and indirect effects of government mistrust and group-based medical mistrust on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a sample of African Americans.

Methods

We obtained data from 382 African Americans in South-East Michigan via an online survey. We assessed demographic variables, government mistrust, group-based medical mistrust, COVID risk and COVID worry, and positive and negative beliefs regarding the COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., vaccine pros and cons), and vaccine hesitancy. We examined our hypotheses with path analyses.

Results

Results indicated significant direct effects of government mistrust on vaccine hesitancy; however, despite a significant correlation, there was no direct effect of group-based medical mistrust on vaccine hesitancy. The effect of group-based medical mistrust was fully mediated by both vaccine pros and cons, whereas the effect of government mistrust was partially mediated by vaccine pros. COVID risk and COVID worry did not mediate the effects of mistrust to vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion

Negative effects of group-based medical mistrust on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African Americans may be amenable to interventions that focus on beliefs about the vaccine rather than beliefs about vulnerability to the virus. However, given its direct effect, it may be necessary to focus directly on government mistrust to diminish its effects on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Diabetes-specific family functioning typology associated with intervention engagement and effects: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Roddy McKenzie K , Spieker Andrew J , Greevy Robert A , Nelson Lyndsay A , Berg Cynthia , Mayberry Lindsay S
Published: December 2024

Background

Observationally, family and social support are important for optimal diabetes self-management; however, interventions targeting family/social support have not consistently been effective. A novel, diabetes-specific family functioning typology offers the opportunity to classify types of baseline family functioning to determine for whom family interventions may be effective.

Purpose

We examined the effects of an intervention by baseline type of family functioning post hoc, to inform differential benefit from interventions.

Methods

Participants were randomized to enhanced treatment as usual or a 9-month, mobile phone-delivered, family-focused, self-care support intervention. Adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 318) who participated in the randomized clinical trial (RCT) and provided baseline data were included. We determined participants’ diabetes-specific family functioning types at baseline using a validated, survey-administered, typology assessment tool. We investigated the associations between type and engagement (eg, attending coaching sessions and responding to text messages) and psychosocial (eg, well-being and diabetes distress) and glycemic outcomes at mid- and post-treatment.

Results

Despite overall high engagement, there was variability across types in engagement and effects. WantMoreInvolvement benefited the most; Satisfied withLowInvolvement showed early improvements that waned; Collaborative &Helpful were highly engaged but derived minimal benefits from the intervention; and CriticallyInvolved benefitted the least and may have experienced some harm.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the utility of a novel diabetes-specific family functioning typology to explain variability in response to a family-focused intervention. Findings from this work answer the calls for systems-level consideration in precision behavioral medicine and drive hypothesis generation for future, tailored interventions.

Registration

The larger RCT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04347291).