bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review on technologies, environmental impacts, economics, and supply chain
Authors: Alipanah Majid ,   Department of System and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States, Saha Apurba Kumar , Vahidi Ehsan , Jin Hongyue ,   Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
Published: December 2021

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has surged in recent years, owing to their excellent electrochemical performance and increasing adoption in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. As a result, the expectation is that the primary supply of LIB materials (e.g., lithium, cobalt, and nickel) will be insufficient to satisfy the demand in the next five years, creating a significant supply risk. Value recovery from spent LIBs could effectively increase the critical materials supply, which will become increasingly important as the number of spent LIBs grows. This paper reviews recent studies on developing novel technologies for value recovery from spent LIBs. The existing literature focused on hydrometallurgical-, pyrometallurgical-, and direct recycling, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated in this paper. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment have quantified the economic and environmental benefits of LIB reuse over recycling, highlighting the research gap in LIB reuse technologies. The study also revealed challenges associated with changing battery chemistry toward less valuable metals in LIB manufacturing (e.g., replacing cobalt with nickel). More specifically, direct recycling may be impractical due to rapid technology change, and the economic and environmental incentives for recycling spent LIBs will decrease. As LIB collection constitutes a major cost, optimizing the reverse logistics supply chain is essential for maximizing the economic and environmental benefits of LIB recovery. Policies that promote LIB recovery are reviewed with a focus on Europe and the United States. Policy gaps are identified and a plan for sustainable LIB life cycle management is proposed.
Regionalni razvoj včeraj, danes, jutri
Authors: Polajnar Horvat Katarina , Nared Janez , Razpotnik Visković Nika
Published: December 2021

The celebration of the 50th anniversary of regional policy in Slovenia and the 30th anniversary of the country's independence is an opportunity to assess the efforts made so far in promoting regional development as well as to look to the future. In the book, we look at the path taken, describe the system of promoting regional development in the past, and point to the success of regional policy in eliminating interregional disparities. We present the role of regional development agencies and regional spatial planning in regional development and the quality of life in border problem areas from the perspective of the people living there. In the final part, we focus on future development. We point out the role of digitalisation and demographic change and try to shed light on future developments also from a philosophical perspective. Demographic, climate, economic and social changes require new approaches, fresh ideas and, above all, a systematic identification of development guidelines, ideas, development opportunities and factors that, taken together, can lead to a more balanced development of the country in all areas. Harmonious development is everyone's responsibility, but we can only achieve it together.
Slow Recovery of Headwater-Stream Fishes Following a Catastrophic Poisoning Event
Authors: Freeman Mary , Elkins Duncan , Maholland Peter , Butler Zachary , Kleinhans Maxwell , Skaggs Jonathon , Stowe Edward , Straight Carrie , Wenger Seth
Published: December 2021

Accidental spills of chemicals and other pollutants can decimate populations of stream-dwelling species. Recovery from such accidents can be relatively fast and complete when the affected stream reaches can be recolonized from upstream and downstream sources. However, faunal recoveries from accidental spills that extirpate populations from entire headwater streams have not been extensively documented, and understanding resilience of headwater-stream biota is relevant for assessing threats to at-risk species. We assessed recovery of fish populations in a 5.7-km-long headwater stream in the southeastern United States following a complete, or nearly complete, fish-kill caused by a chemical spill near the source of the stream. We sampled for fishes at five stream locations, two downstream and three upstream from a perched, culverted road-crossing located 2.4 km upstream from the stream mouth, over a period of 18.5 mo following the poisoning event. We observed 11 fish species, representing ≤65% of the fish species expected based on occurrences in nearby tributary streams. In postpoisoning sampling, only three of these taxa were observed upstream of the culvert; all 11 species, including the federally threatened Cherokee Darter Etheostoma scotti, were found downstream of the culvert but were mostly represented by a few, large individuals. In contrast, dead individuals of at least eight taxa including the Cherokee Darter were observed upstream of the culvert at the time of the fish-kill. These observations provide evidence of slow recovery of a headwater fish fauna, and especially upstream of a barrier to fish movement, where the recolonization sources are primarily downstream. Additional case studies may reveal whether this result applies generally to headwater streams. Slow recovery could make species that primarily inhabit or maintain greatest abundances in headwaters, including multiple at-risk fishes, particularly vulnerable to the threat of accidental spills that result in local population extirpation.
Ex-voto et têtes de mort
Authors: Leone Anna
Published: December 2021

À Naples, deux sites dédiés au culte des âmes du purgatoire et à l’ancien rite d’adoption des têtes de mort, l’église Purgatorio ad Arco et le cimetière des Fontanelle, sont devenus des attractions touristiques. Des associations muséales promeuvent la connaissance de ces « lieux cultuels » en tant que « biens culturels ». En parallèle, avec les visites touristiques, les objets autour des ossements s’accumulent : ex-voto, chapelets, bracelets, pièces, pinces pour les cheveux, jouets, photographies des morts, images pieuses, lettres, billets de bus ou de musée. Les anciennes traces du culte des âmes du purgatoire se mélangent aux nouvelles et à celles laissées par les touristes. La patrimonialisation de ces sites, au lieu de marquer la fin du culte des morts, semble montrer sa vitalité, voire lui donner une nouvelle vie. Pourquoi des voyageurs provenant de toute l’Italie, de l’Europe et d’ailleurs participent-ils à un culte qui semblait désormais disparu dans notre monde « occidental » ? Comment la patrimonialisation d’un site s’est-elle accompagnée du renouveau d’un ancien rite ? Quelques histoires singulières de visiteurs et dévots contemporains, recueillies lors d’une enquête ethnographique et photographique menée à l’église Purgatorio ad Arco, nous renseignent sur la façon dont le culte des têtes de mort est vécu aujourd’hui. En même temps, ces histoires nous parlent de la place de la mort et des morts dans notre société et de notre façon de vivre le patrimoine.
Enseignement de l’hétérographie distinctive et genèse orthographique au cycle 2
Authors: Sémidor Pierre
Published: December 2021

Au cycle 2 (CP et CE1), les activités des élèves sur le code sont assez quotidiennes et répétitives pour produire des habitudes. Nous observons des enseignants qui constituent dans leur classe une communauté discursive orthographique en mettant en place une situation d’enseignement de l’orthographe récurrente. Ils focalisent l’activité des élèves sur la segmentation en mots et l’hétérographie distinctive. Ce travail systématique fonde la genèse orthographique et pourrait agir sur l’habitus scriptural des élèves. L’incorporation d’un habitus scriptural orthographique ouvrirait alors la voie au développement de savoirs métalinguistiques plus savants et faciliterait leur intégration.
À quoi pensent les enseignants quand on leur parle de rituels ?
Authors: Vannier Marie-Paule , Merri Maryvonne
Published: December 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une enquête menée auprès d’enseignants appartenant à différentes institutions scolaires allant de la maternelle au lycée, en comptant les structures propres à l’enseignement spécialisé, à qui nous avons posé la question des rituels en termes de pratiques mises en œuvre par eux dans les classes et d’objectifs assignés à ces pratiques. Cette enquête conçue et réalisée par le groupe de recherche collaborative, Rituels722, contribue à une meilleure connaissance des rituels scolaires. Dans la perspective initiée par Lafont (1978), le « rituel » est considéré ici comme un praxème ou « unité phonologique à produire du sens » selon les expériences matérielles et sociales personnelles. L’enquête met en évidence la prégnance de l’appartenance à une institution donnée dans les réponses apportées par les enseignants. Dans le même temps, cette étude questionne la quasi-absence de rituels dans certaines institutions.
Les fonctions du rituel scolaire selon différentes sciences humaines et sociales
Authors: Bertrand Myriam , Merri Maryvonne
Published: December 2021

Cet article propose une revue de littérature pluridisciplinaire sur les fonctions des rituels scolaires. Dans un premier temps, trois catégories de fonctions sont distinguées et analysées : les fonctions sociales, les fonctions d’apprentissage et les fonctions langagières. Aux références sociologiques et anthropologiques sur les rituels sont articulées les approches proposées par la psychologie culturelle d’inspiration vygotskienne et par la didactique. Cette recherche révèle la richesse fonctionnelle potentielle des rituels scolaires. Dans un second temps, afin d’analyser cette multifonctionnalité et sa mise en oeuvre, nous proposons, à la suite de Garcion-Vautor, de mobiliser l’approche structurale développée par Rivière.
Les conditions psychologiques et didactiques du développement de l’activité personnelle des élèves de maternelle au cours des rituels du matin
Authors: Purdy Marielle , Merri Maryvonne
Published: December 2021

L’école maternelle offre aux enfants de cinq ans un premier contact avec les savoirs en organisant une interaction avec un monde qui n’est plus seulement vécu, mais également étudié. Il s’agit d’une occasion de développement pour l’enfant par sa participation active au sein des situations mises en place (Rogoff, 1990 ; Rogoff et al., 2005 ; St. Clair, 2008). Cependant, l’élève doit non seulement comprendre l’intention de transmission du maître au sein des activités, mais également le nouveau rôle à tenir tant dans ses composantes sociales, qu’intellectuelles et affectives. La spécificité de l’école maternelle rend centrale la question du partage des significations de l’activité conjointe par le maître et ses élèves (Grossen, 2014 ; Moro, Muller Mirza & Roman, 2014). Cet article propose une lecture des rituels du matin en définissant les conditions psychologiques et didactiques qui sont associées à l’intégration de l’enfant à la forme scolaire caractérisée tant par de nouvelles formes sociales que par de nouvelles formes de pensée (Moro & Rodriguez, 2014).
La petite société à l’image de la grande ? L’appartenance fondée dans le mérite ou le droit
Authors: Raveaud Maroussia
Published: December 2021

Les rituels à l’école participent de la définition du métier d’élève et sont au centre du vécu de l’enfant à l’école. Une comparaison empirique d’écoles primaires en Angleterre et en France fait ressortir le caractère socialement déterminé des pratiques scolaires, et la contribution des rituels scolaires à la construction d’un mode spécifique d’appartenance de l’enfant au groupe. Par leurs rituels constitutifs de l’appartenance au groupe, les écoles anglaises et françaises sont porteuses de rapports distincts de l’individu au groupe, qui reflètent les modèles civiques qui ont cours au-delà de l’univers de l’école.
Les rituels en question dans la relation éducative : rupture des liens, maintien du lien, instauration de nouveaux liens
Authors: Montandon Christiane
Published: December 2021

La déritualisation contemporaine, corrélative d’un agir social de plus en plus individualisé, met en évidence la fragilisation du lien social au sein des établissements scolaires. Aussi, des dispositifs d’accueil ou d’accompagnement, qui peuvent être interprétés comme ersatz de rituels, sont instaurés. Ils sont autant de médiations, qui donneraient aux établissements une assise de repères stables, facilitant l’inscription de chacun dans le collectif de travail. À cette conception statique du rituel qui ancre les conduites individuelles dans un institué social s’oppose une conception dynamique des processus de ritualisation où se mettent en place habitus, comportements attendus, prise de rôles à partir d’un cadre. Deux propriétés sont essentielles à de tels processus : capacité mimétique et performativité. La structure paradoxale de ce nouveau paradigme en fait son caractère dynamique, en articulant permanence et changement, évolution malgré et grâce à la stabilité de repères fixes.
Analysis of USDA Livestock Price Forecasting Accuracy for Cattle, Hogs, and Broilers
Authors: Patalee M.A.B.
Published: December 2021

Agricultural markets, compared to other sectors, are typically characterized by uncertainty and high price fluctuations. High price volatility in livestock markets leads to inefficient resource allocation and production planning. Expert price forecasts are not always affordable for all market players, so readily available public forecasts have risen in popularity. This study uses accuracy-based testing methods to evaluate the accuracy of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) livestock price forecasting by utilizing the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) quarterly data for slaughter cattle, hogs, and broilers. The study also employs a vector error correction (VEC) model to compare USDA price forecasts. Results suggest that the USDA forecast was more accurate than the competing VEC model across three sectors, suggested by low RMSE and MAE. The beta efficiency test results showed that USDA price forecasts were efficient for all three price series, whereas VEC forecasts were biased for hogs and broiler prices. The findings of the study also confirm that USDA price forecasts are biased for cattle prices with a tendency to repeat past forecast error in all three markets. Results from the forecast encompassing tests showed that USDA cattle and broiler forecasts captured the information contained in VEC forecasts. However, because the hog prices did not show any improvement over time, there is room for improvement of the USDA price forecasts. Overall, results suggest that USDA price forecasts for slaughter cattle, hogs and broilers provide useful information to the market. However, the results also indicate that USDA price forecasts reduce forecast error by economically significant levels.
Impact of Agricultural Training on Farmers’ Technological Knowledge and Crop Production in Bandarawela Agricultural Zone
Authors: Rasanjali W.M.C. , Wimalachandra R.D.M.K.K. , Sivashankar P. , Malkanthi S.H.P.
Published: December 2021

Farmer training programs on advanced agricultural techniques are essential for knowledge and capacity development of farmers. Impact assessments are done to measure the impacts of these programs. This study examines the impact of the training on technological knowledge of farmers imparted by In–service Training Institute Bindunuwewa, Bandarawela. About 82 farmer trainees were randomly selected for the study. Nonparametric tests were performed to check the differences in technological knowledge before and after the trainings (Chi-square and Wilcoxon sign rank tests). Chi-square test revealed that there is no association (p>0.05) between demographic factors and adoption of practical knowledge. Further, number of training days, time for practical and theoretical training, practical knowledge shared, and presentations by the lecturers were considered to be sufficient by farmers. The following measures were compared for before and after scenarios: From partial to full adoption: cultivation of high yield varieties; from non-adoption to full adoption: recommended seeding rate, recommended pesticide usage, new irrigation methods. Nevertheless, there is no effect from training on new packaging methods. Study concludes that there is an impact of training on farmers’ technological knowledge. This study provides evidence that agricultural trainings should be continued with the aegis of the government in the future.
Mucin1 relieves acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Ye Chunlin , Xu Bin , Yang Jie , Liu Yunkun , Zeng Zhikai , Xia Lingchun , Li Quanjin , Zou Guowen
Published: December 2021

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a kind of diffuse inflammatory injury caused by various factors, characterized by respiratory distress and progressive hypoxemia. It is a common clinical critical illness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of the Mucin1 (MUC1) gene and its recombinant protein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI/ARDS. We cultured human alveolar epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and used MUC1 overexpression lentivirus to detect the effect of MUC1 gene on BEAS-2B cells. In addition, we used LPS to induce ALI/ARDS in C57/BL6 mice and use hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to verify the effect of their modeling. Recombinant MUC1 protein was injected subcutaneously into mice. We examined the effect of MUC1 on ALI/ARDS in mice by detecting the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress molecules in mouse lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum. Overexpression of MUC1 effectively ameliorated LPS-induced damage to BEAS-2B cells. Results of H&E staining indicate that LPS successfully induced ALI/ARDS in mice and MUC1 attenuated lung injury. MUC1 also reduced the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) and oxidative stress levels in mice. In addition, LPS results in an increase in the activity of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice, whereas MUC1 decreased the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. MUC1 inhibited the activity of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the level of inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissue of ALI mice.
The Relationship of Cultural Values with Clean and Healthy Life Behaviour among Islamic Boarding School Students in Indonesia
Authors: Ruslana Fadhila Hanifatur , Mulyono Sigit
Published: December 2021

Background

Poor clean and healthy life behaviours (CHLB) are often found in students ( santri) in Islamic boarding schools ( pesantren) in Indonesia. Pesantren is a subculture that has derived different cultural values from society, while santri have a habit of borrowing and lending clothes and see scabies as a blessing. This study aimed to identify and describe the correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri.

Design and methods

It used descriptive analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The participants were 100 santri who lived in pesantren and were selected by using stratified random sampling. The cultural values and CHLB practices were assessed using the instruments developed by the writers in the previous study. The statistical analysis using the Spearman correlation test was applied to evaluate the association between cultural values and CHLB practices.

Results

The result shows a significant correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri (p=0.004; r=0.284). Most of the santri had positive cultural values (52%) and poor CHLB practices (54%).

Conclusions

The findings of this study showed that most of the santri adhered to positive cultural values, and most of them had poor CHLB practices. These findings also showed significant correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri. This study is expected to be the basis for school nurses to provide nursing care with a cultural approach to improve CHLB practices among santri.
Effectiveness of Health Education and Infant Therapeutic Group Therapy on Baby Aged 0-6 Months to Prevent Stunting Risk Factors: Maternal Depression
Authors: Oktaviana Wita , Keliat Budi Anna , Wardani Ice Yulia , Pratiwi Adella
Published: December 2021

Background

Stunting is a global and national problem that can be detected at the age of 2. Therefore, before this age, promotion efforts must be conducted to prevent stunting risk factors in the future. This study aims to determine the effect of health education and infant's Therapeutic Group Therapy on stunting's risk factor: maternal postpartum depression in Indonesia.

Design and methods

This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. This study employed a purposive sampling technique, with 96 respondents divided into two groups. Intervention group 1 consisted of 48 people who received health education, and group 2 consisted of 48 people who received health education and infant's Therapeutic Group Therapy. The data were collected using the Depression Inventory-II questionnaire with a bivariate analysis of the Wilcoxon test and frequency distribution.

Results

The results show that health education and infant's Therapeutic Group Therapy significantly influence the risky factors in stunting: maternal depression. It can be concluded that there were significant changes in maternal postpartum depression in intervention group 1 and intervention group 2, but in intervention group 2 who got Health Promotion and Therapeutic Group Therapy for Infants there was a bigger and more significant decrease.

Conclusions

Nursing action, infants’ Therapeutic Group Therapy, and health education are recommended to prevent risk factors for stunting: mother depression. The results of this study are expected to underlie the development of mental health promotion to prevent stunted against maternal depression and preventive programs. In addition, the research is expected to underly provision of curative and rehabilitative programs for stunted.
Self-Efficacy Impact of the Mini-Cex among Nursing Students in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Martina Siska Evi , Purba Ivan Elisabeth , Sinaga Janno , Simanjuntak Eva Hotmaria
Published: December 2021

Background

Mini-CEX is a popular workplace exam that includes direct observation and a feedback conversation. This evaluation occurs in a workplace setting as part of the daily work. Self-efficacy is a mandatory soft skill for nursing students during an internship. Therefore, this study aims to identify the effect of Mini-CEX on self-efficacy among these students.

Design and methods

A quasi-experiment design was conducted with a control group. All the nursing student intents of the Sari Mutiara Indonesia University were considered as the study population. This population was then divided into one control and one intervention group of 24 and 25 students, respectively. Subsequently, data collection was carried out using general selfefficacy.

Results

The results showed the self-efficacy was low in the control group (66.7%), and Mini-CEX was discovered to have a significant effect on self-efficacy among nursing students undergoing internships (p=0.000).

Conclusions

The Mini-CEX was concluded to effectively increase self-efficacy among nursing students and is suggested as a mandatory method for evaluating these students.
Antigen unmasking does not improve the visualization of phospholipase C zeta in human spermatozoa
Authors: Meng Xin , Jones Celine , Melo Pedro , Ross Caroline , Mounce Ginny , Child Tim , Coward Kevin
Published: December 2021

Phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) is a sperm-specific protein that triggers oocyte activation. The analysis of PLCζ expression in human spermatozoa can be used as a diagnostic marker for oocyte activation deficiency. Our laboratory has previously optimized a standard “in-house” assay to determine PLCζ expression in human spermatozoa. However, one study has suggested that an antigen unmasking method (AUM) would be more efficient in visualizing PLCζ in human sperm. This study aimed to compare our established assay and AUM (involving HCl, acidic Tyrode's solution [AT], and heat). The mean relative fluorescence (RF) intensity of PLCζ in frozen-thawed spermatozoa from fourteen fertile donors stained with the in-house method was significantly higher than three other AUM groups (in-house [mean ± standard error of mean]: 18.87 ± 2.39 arbitrary units [a.u.]vsnon-AUM: 11.44 ± 1.61 a.u., AT-AUM: 12.38 ± 1.89 a.u., and HCl-AUM: 12.51 ± 2.16 a.u.,P< 0.05, one-way analysis of variance). The mean RF intensity of PLCζ in AT- and HCl-treated spermatozoa from 12 infertile males was not significantly different from that of the non-AUM group. However, the in-house method resulted in the highest RF intensity (12.11 ± 1.36 a.u.,P< 0.01). Furthermore, specificity testing of antibody-antigen binding indicated that the in-house method showed more specific binding than spermatozoa treated by the AUM. In conclusion, our in-house method showed superior visualization and reliability than the AUM, thus supporting the continued use of our in-house assay for clinical research screening.
SDEs with random and irregular coefficients
Authors: Zhao Guohuan
Published: December 2021

We consider Itô uniformly nondegenerate equations with random coefficients. When the coefficients satisfy some low regularity assumptions with respect to the spatial variables and Malliavin differentiability assumptions on the sample points, the unique solvability of singular SDEs is proved by solving backward stochastic Kolmogorov equations and utilizing a modified Zvonkin type transformation.
An example concerning Fourier analytic criteria for translational tiling
Authors: Lev Nir
Published: December 2021

It is well known that the functions

f \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^d)

whose translates along a lattice

\Lambda

form a tiling, can be completely characterized in terms of the zero set of their Fourier transform. We construct an example of a discrete set

\Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}

(a small perturbation of the integers) for which no characterization of this kind is possible: there are two functions

f, g \in L^1(\mathbb{R})

whose Fourier transforms have the same set of zeros, but such that

f + \Lambda

is a tiling while

g + \Lambda

is not.
Modelación de andamios porosos basados en las estructuras triplemente periódicas P y G
Authors: González González Alejandro , Rivas Santana Marcelino , Quiza Sardiñas Ramón , Paz Estévez Elsa Adelina , Pla Pérez Amalia
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo se estudia la modelación de estructuras híbridas de andamios porosos para regeneración de tejido óseo basadas en las superficies minimales triplemente periódicas Giroide (G) y primitiva de Schwarz (P). El diseño de las probetas prismáticas híbridas, con dimensiones según la norma ASTM D695_15, se logra a partir de las ecuaciones que definen a cada estructura utilizando la función de enlace sigmoidea con valor k=0.5 mediante el software CAS Wolfram Mathematica v11.2. Los aspectos relacionados con el uso de Mathematica como herramienta para el diseño de las probetas son discutidos en detalle. Las constantes de la ecuación de cada estructura son utilizadas como variables en un diseño factorial 32 para estudiar su efecto en la porosidad y tamaño de poros. A partir de regresión multilineal se obtienen las ecuaciones que relacionan los factores con las variables dependientes y se discuten los modelos obtenidos. Se concluye que el modelo bilineal es adecuado para la descripción de las variables de respuesta lo que justifica la elección del diseño experimental utilizado.
From Neuroethics to Neo-romanticism. Aldous Huxley in Response to Current Proposals for Ethical and Legal Regulation of Neuroscience
Authors: Echarte Alonso Luis Enrique
Published: December 2021

The neuroethics field emerged in the early 2000s in an effort to face important philosophical dilemmas and anticipate disruptive social changes linked to the use of neurotechnology (Safire, 2002). From very early on, this field grew out of two core issues, namely inquiries into the ethics of neuroscience –concerning the moral use of knowledge and technology– and inquiries into the neuroscience of ethics –on how new brain function evidence can change human self-understanding (Roskies 2002). Similarly, neurolaw is now on a parallel path with two main pillars as Chandler (2018) suggested, (1) “self-reflexive inquiry” (the neuroscience of law) and (2) “inquiry into the development and use of brain science and technologies” (the law of neuroscience). In this paper, I suggest that these two lines of research are still excessively disconnected from one another and, to support this claim, I analyze the three potential point-of-no-return risks that Aldous Huxley associated with technological challenges, namely centralization of power, bureaucratic alienation, and scientific idealism. In addition, I show how Huxley shifted analysis of technological problems from a focus on the rights of potential victims to the duties of potential aggressors. Finally, I argue that Aldous Huxley’s view on how to build a bridge that brings pillars 1) and 2) closer together also helps prevent the technological point-of-no-return. According to Huxley, the key is found in paying particular attention to understanding contemplative activity, reinforcing its role in the study of reality, and, eventually, returning the romantic gaze updated to academia.
Epistemic Challenges of Digital Twins & Virtual Brains: Perspectives from Fundamental Neuroethics
Authors: Evers Kathinka , Salles Arleen
Published: December 2021

In this article, we present and analyse the concept of Digital Twin (DT) linked to distinct types of objects (artefacts, natural, inanimate or living) and examine the challenges involved in creating them from a fundamental neuroethics approach that emphasises conceptual analyses. We begin by providing a brief description of DTs and their initial development as models of artefacts and physical inanimate objects, identifying core challenges in building these tools and noting their intended benefits. Next, we describe attempts to build DTs of model living entities, such as hearts, highlighting the novel challenges raised by this shift from DTs of inanimate to DTs of living objects. Against that background, we give an account of contemporary research aiming to develop DTs of the human brain by building "virtual brains", e.g. the simulation engine The Virtual Brain (TVB) as it is carried out in the European Human Brain Project. Since the brain is structurally and functionally the most complex organ in the human body, and our integrated knowledge of its functional architecture remains limited in spite of recent neuroscientific advances, the attempts to create virtual copies of the human brain are correspondingly challenging. We suggest that a clear scientific theoretical structure, conceptual clarity and transparency regarding the methods and goals of this technological development are necessary prerequisites in order to make the project of constructing virtual brains a theoretically promising and socially beneficial scientific, technological and philosophical enterprise.
La trascendencia de la comunicación intergeneracional en la formación de los menores. El papel de los abuelos en las sociedades occidentales de nuestro tiempo
Authors: Carmona Rodríguez Manuel
Published: December 2021

Las familias españolas y occidentales tienen problemas en la comunicación diaria. Esa incomunicación también se da en los distintos niveles del sistema educativo: la ESO, el Bachillerato, la FP y la Universidad. Esto afecta a nuestra juventud entre los 13 y 18 años, que, salvo ejemplos excepcionales, vive desorientada sobre qué quiere hacer con su vida. A pesar de la existencia de orientadores en los centros educativos, la escasez de recursos humanos en esa tarea, unida al obsesivo objetivo por aprobar cursos y la EvAU, está lastrando la formación y orientación de nuestra juventud. Preguntas decisivas que todos nos hacemos a lo largo de la vida u otras que afectan a las relaciones interpersonales, intergeneracionales y sociales no se abordan de frente porque las personas, las familias, los centros educativos, desde los institutos hasta las universidades, y las instituciones administrativas y políticas las están obviando. En este artículo se recurre a las experiencias de vida para reflejar nuestro tiempo, y la necesidad de mejorar los hábitos cotidianos practicando una educación interdisciplinar en formación vocacional, inteligencia emocional y sentimental, educación cívica y moral, formación histórica, instrucción jurídica, educación intergeneracional o en la mirada crítica sobre los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales. La metodología aplicada será la filosofía de la razón vital e histórica y la teoría de las generaciones de Ortega y Gasset y de Julián Marías (Marías, 1961: 1). Además, se recurre a estudios nacionales e internacionales para aportar información, conocimiento y análisis clarificadores.
Perfect Trees: Designing Energy-Optimal Symmetric Encryption Primitives
Authors: Caforio Andrea , Banik Subhadeep , Todo Yosuke , Meier Willi , Isobe Takanori , Liu Fukang , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2021

Energy efficiency is critical in battery-driven devices, and designing energyoptimal symmetric-key ciphers is one of the goals for the use of ciphers in such environments. In the paper by Banik et al. (IACR ToSC 2018), stream ciphers were identified as ideal candidates for low-energy solutions. One of the main conclusions of this paper was that Trivium, when implemented in an unrolled fashion, was by far the most energy-efficient way of encrypting larger quantity of data. In fact, it was shown that as soon as the number of databits to be encrypted exceeded 320 bits, Trivium consumed the least amount of energy on STM 90 nm ASIC circuits and outperformed the Midori family of block ciphers even in the least energy hungry ECB mode (Midori was designed specifically for energy efficiency).In this work, we devise the first heuristic energy model in the realm of stream ciphers that links the underlying algebraic topology of the state update function to the consumptive behaviour. The model is then used to derive a metric that exhibits a heavy negative correlation with the energy consumption of a broad range of stream cipher architectures, i.e., the families of Trivium-like, Grain-like and Subterranean-like constructions. We demonstrate that this correlation is especially pronounced for Trivium-like ciphers which leads us to establish a link between the energy consumption and the security guarantees that makes it possible to find several alternative energy-optimal versions of Trivium that meet the requirements but consume less energy. We present two such designs Trivium-LE(F) and Trivium-LE(S) that consume around 15% and 25% less energy respectively making them the to date most energy-efficient encryption primitives. They inherit the same security level as Trivium, i.e., 80-bit security. We further present Triad-LE as an energy-efficient variant satisfying a higher security level. The simplicity and wide applicability of our model has direct consequences for the conception of future hardware-targeted stream ciphers as for the first time it is possible to optimize for energy during the design phase. Moreover, we extend the reach of our model beyond plain encryption primitives and propose a novel energy-efficient message authentication code Trivium-LE-MAC.
Diving Deep into the Weak Keys of Round Reduced Ascon
Authors: Rohit Raghvendra , Sarkar Santanu
Published: December 2021

At ToSC 2021, Rohit et al. presented the first distinguishing and key recovery attacks on 7 rounds Ascon without violating the designer’s security claims of nonce-respecting setting and data limit of 264 blocks per key. So far, these are the best attacks on 7 rounds Ascon. However, the distinguishers require (impractical) 260 data while the data complexity of key recovery attacks exactly equals 264. Whether there are any practical distinguishers and key recovery attacks (with data less than 264) on 7 rounds Ascon is still an open problem.In this work, we give positive answers to these questions by providing a comprehensive security analysis of Ascon in the weak key setting. Our first major result is the 7-round cube distinguishers with complexities 246 and 233 which work for 282 and 263 keys, respectively. Notably, we show that such weak keys exist for any choice (out of 64) of 46 and 33 specifically chosen nonce variables. In addition, we improve the data complexities of existing distinguishers for 5, 6 and 7 rounds by a factor of 28, 216 and 227, respectively. Our second contribution is a new theoretical framework for weak keys of Ascon which is solely based on the algebraic degree. Based on our construction, we identify 2127.99, 2127.97 and 2116.34 weak keys (out of 2128) for 5, 6 and 7 rounds, respectively. Next, we present two key recovery attacks on 7 rounds with different attack complexities. The best attack can recover the secret key with 263 data, 269 bits of memory and 2115.2 time. Our attacks are far from threatening the security of full 12 rounds Ascon, but we expect that they provide new insights into Ascon’s security.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF ISHTIKA SWEDA AND NADI SWEDA ALONG WITH RASNADI GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VATAKANTAKA
Authors: Tanksali Gouri , Patil Uma
Published: December 2021

Vatakantaka is one of the Vata Vyadhi which gives pricking pain in the heels and causes discomfort in the day-to- day activities. It can be co-related with Calcaneal Spur. It is caused due to wearing high heels and walking with bare feet. Among the various treatment modalities, Abhyanga and Sweda is the best treatment for Vata vyadhi. Hence the present study brings to light the role of Swedana along with Rasnadi Guggulu in the management of Vatakantaka. To evaluate the effect of Istika sweda over Nadi Sweda along with Rasnadi guggulu in management of Vatakantaka. In the present study, 40 patients of vatakantaka were selected incidentally and placed randomly into two groups A and B, with 20 subjects in each group. Group A was treated with Istika Sweda, and Group B were treated with Nadi Sweda along with Rasanadi Guggulu as shamanoushadi for both groups. The effects of treatment provided to the subjects of both groups were significant. Both the treatment methods of Ishtika Sweda and Nadi Sweda showed equally significant effects in the subjects involved in a clinical study.
Keywords: Vatakantaka, Calcaneal Spur, Ishtika sweda, Nadi sweda, Rasnadi guggulu.
A roda de conversa como atividade formativa no futebol de base da Chapecoense
Authors: Oliveira Marineiva Moro Campos de
Published: December 2021

A linguagem ocupa lugar de destaque na humanização do sujeito por propulsionar aspectos de desenvolvimento humano específicos e constitutivos da consciência. Possibilita o dialogismo que tem como característica principal conceber a unidade do mundo nas múltiplas vozes, as quais participam do diálogo da vida, bem como emprega sentido às diferentes marcas dialógicas que se evidenciam por meio de enunciados. Enunciados que se entrecruzam em rodas de conversa. Com base nessas premissas, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de discutir os aspectos formativos das práticas pedagógicas com a linguagem verbal, nas rodas de conversa, entre a pedagoga e os atletas das categorias de base da Associação Chapecoense de Futebol (ACF). De caráter qualitativo e cunho etnográfico, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida mediante leitura de bibliografia da área e análise de três rodas de conversa realizadas com os atletas das categorias Sub 15 e Sub 17 da ACF. Com base no diálogo entre estudos sobre a psicologia histórico-cultural, de Vygotski e a perspectiva dialógica da linguagem, de Bakhtin, estabeleceram-se reflexões sobre as possibilidades de expressão dos atletas e o modo como as vozes desses sujeitos se situam no processo formativo da roda de conversa, objeto desta pesquisa. Por fim, ressaltou-se o conceito basilar de interação verbal, pelo qual se dão as apropriações culturais e a constitutividade da linguagem, como condições de humanização de elementos fundamentais, na Educação Não Formal, como se nomea o espaço de alojamento dos atletas, espaços estes vinculados à importância de se ouvir o sujeito, para permitir o encontro das vozes dissonantes na roda e considerar a formação integral desses atletas.
Comparison of Non-Tumescent n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Endovenous Laser Therapy in Saphenous Vein Ablation
Authors: ER Zafer Cengiz , ÖZTÜRK Cüneyd , RODOPLU Orhan
Published: December 2021

Objective: Ablation of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) are two important techniques used in the treatment of venous insufficiency. The aim of this study is to compare the results of EVLA and NBCA methods in the treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency. Method: 739 patients with saphenous vein insufficiency who were followed up between 2013 and 2018 and treated with NBCA (350 patients) and EVLA (389 patients) applications were included in the study. Pre-procedure, during, post-procedure and follow-up data of the patients were collected and compared retrospectively. Results: In the group using NBCA technique; mean age was 46.09±6.12 years, mean age was 48.08±6.11 years in the EVLA technique group. The mean ablated vein length was 32.97-65.83 cm in the NBCA group and 30.65-67.25 cm in the EVLA group. The mean procedure time was 7 minutes in the NBCA group and 18 minutes in the EVLA group. The 12-month total occlusion rates in the NBCA and EVLA groups were 98.8% and 97.6%, respectively. In both the NBCA and EVLA groups, the post-procedure Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) was significantly reduced with no difference between the groups. When NBCA treatment was compared with EVLA treatment, it was seen that there may be fewer side effects after NBCA treatment. Conclusion: When the treatment success rates, application times, complication rates and venous clinical severity scoring results in the data obtained in our study were evaluated, it was thought that the NBCA method was as successful and reliable as the EVLA method. In conclusion; It has been suggested that the vascular closure system with NBCA is a fast and effective treatment method in the treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency, as it does not require tumescent anesthesia, does not require compression stockings, and does not have the risk of paresthesia, burn scars or pigmentation.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SINONASAL REGION LESIONS: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: bigat irem , Celepli Pınar , Celepli Salih
Published: December 2021

Benign and malignant lesions of the sinonasal area are frequently seen in the clinic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological and clinical features of patients diagnosed with sinonasal lesions in the Department of Pathology of the University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital between 2016 and 2019. Evaluation was made of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions reported in the Department of Pathology of the University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital between 2016 and 2019. The data including age, gender, diagnosis, localization and clinical information of patients diagnosed with benign and malignant sinonasal lesions were obtained retrospectively from the hospital information system and patient files. The data sets created were then evaluated statistically and the results were discussed in the light of the relevant literature. From the data sets obtained from the patient data, it was observed that the number of benign lesions in the sinonasal region (91%) was higher than malignant lesions (9%). Patients with sinonasal masses were predominantly in the 41-50 years age group, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction were determined to be the most common symptoms at presentation. The anatomic localization of the lesions sent to the pathology department was classified by the clinician, and reported as 84.5% nasal cavity, 3.5% nasal septum, 1.6% nasal concha, 2.2% nasal vestibule, and 8.2% paranasal sinus. According to the pathological diagnoses of these cases, sinonasal polyps with benign characteristics were found at the rate of 82.6%, and inverted papilloma with the potential for malignancy and recurrence at 8.5%. Sinonasal lesions are often benign but malignant potential should not be ignored. It should be kept in mind that benign and malignant lesions of this region may show similar symptoms and indications in clinical evaluation. Therefore, endoscopic and pathological evaluation is important for lesions detected in the sinonasal region.
AN INVESTIGATION OF EATING AWARENESS RISK FACTORS IN A DISTRICT FACULTY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: önal özgür , DOĞRU Mustafa , KÜLCÜ Aydan
Published: December 2021

AIM: This research was carried out to evaluate the awareness of eating in students studying at the college and to determine the factors affecting it. METHOD: This cross-sectional study, which was carried out in students of a district faculty and vocational school with 1750 students, was applied to 330 students face-to-face with a random sampling method. Eating awareness and affecting factors were examined and the factors examined by single analyzes were resolved by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: In the study group, 66.5% of whom were women and approximately half of them were in 1 class, the factors affecting eating awareness were found to be increased by not using alcohol, seeing the body as normal or weak and making applications to lose weight. In the study, it was determined that the awareness of eating classes, exercise, smoking status and anthropometric measurement differences did not affect eating awareness. CONCLUSION: Alcohol use and studies on improving the body perceptions of people should be done in applications aimed at increasing awareness of eating.