bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A broadband all-fiber integrated graphene photodetector with CNT-enhanced responsivity
Authors: Zhuo Linqing , Fan Pengpeng , Zhang Shuang , Liu Xiaohe , Guo Xinyi , Zhang Yu , Zhan Yuansong , Li Dongquan , Che Zhen , Zhu Wenguo , Zheng Huadan , Tang Jieyuan , Zhang Jun , Zhong Yongchun , Luo Yunhan , Yu Jianhui , Chen Zhe
Published: June 2020

We achieve a broadband and ultrahigh responsivity all-fiber photodetector by integrating hybrid CNT/graphene films on a side-polished fiber (SPF).
Practical direct synthesis of N-aryl-substituted azacycles from N-alkyl protected arylamines using TiCl4 and DBU
Authors: Tran Van Hieu , La Minh Thanh , Kang Soosung , Kim Hee-Kwon
Published: June 2020

Highly efficient direct transformations from N-alkyl protected arylamines such as N-methyl-, N-ethyl-, N-isopropyl, and N-tert-butyl arylamines into N-aryl substituted azacycles in the presence of TiCl4 and DBU have been developed.
Selective N-monomethylation of primary anilines with the controllable installation of N-CH2D, N-CHD2, and N-CD3 units
Authors: Meng Jing , Xia Hui-Min , Xu Ai-Qing , Wang Yi-Feng , Wang Zhijuan , Zhang Feng-Lian
Published: June 2020

The selective N-monomethylation of primary anilines with the controllable installation of N-CH2D, N-CHD2, and N-CD3 units was realized by using the amine-borane/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) system as the methyl precursor.
Study of M(iii)-cyclam (M = Rh, Ru; cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) complexes as novel methanol resistant electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Vera-Estrada I. L. , Uribe-Godínez J. , Jiménez-Sandoval O.
Published: June 2020

Ru(iii)- and Rh(iii)-cyclam macrocyclic complexes as selective oxygen electroreduction catalysts: no ligand μ-bonds or complex heating treatments are needed.
Raman spectroscopic detection of carotenoids in cattle skin
Authors: Mehta Megha , Naffa Rafea , Zhang Wenkai , Schreurs Nicola M. , Martin Natalia P. , Hickson Rebecca E. , Waterland Mark , Holmes Geoff
Published: June 2020

The lower epidermis and dermis of cattle skin was investigated for the detection of carotenoids using Raman spectroscopy.
Synthesis of azetidines by aza Paternò–Büchi reactions
Authors: Richardson Alistair D. , Becker Marc R. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: June 2020

This review discusses the current scope and limitations of the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction between an imine and an alkene component, the aza Paternò–Büchi reaction, and highlights recent improvements within this area of research.
Annulative π-extension of BODIPYs made easy via gold(i)-catalyzed cycloisomerization
Authors: Labella Jorge , Durán-Sampedro Gonzalo , Martínez-Díaz M. Victoria , Torres Tomás
Published: June 2020

Here we report gold(i)-catalyzed cycloisomerization as a new powerful synthetic tool for the preparation of π-extended BODIPY derivatives.
Structural and process controls of AIEgens for NIR-II theranostics
Authors: Liu Shunjie , Li Yuanyuan , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2020

Structural and process controls of NIR-II AIEgens realize manipulating of radiative (R) and nonradiative (NR) decay for precise theranostics.
Dimerization and structure formation of colloids via capillarity at curved fluid interfaces
Authors: Read Alismari , Kutti Kandy Sreeja , Liu Iris B. , Radhakrishnan Ravi , Stebe Kathleen J.
Published: June 2020

We probe colloidal organization by considering the interactions of the overlapping distortions of colloids on a curved interface.
Self-assembling behaviour of a modified aromatic amino acid in competitive medium
Authors: Singh Pijush , Misra Souvik , Sepay Nayim , Mondal Sanjoy , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod K. , Nanda Jayanta
Published: June 2020

The self-assembly and photophysical properties of 4-nitrophenylalanine (4NP) are changed with the alteration of solvent and final self-assembly state of 4NP in competitive solvent mixture and are dictated by the solvent ratio.
Shape control of silver nanoparticles and their stability on Al2O3
Authors: Beaton Graham C. , Bottomley Adam J. , Prezgot Daniel , Ianoul Anatoli , Stamplecoskie Kevin G.
Published: June 2020

Colloidal suspensions and films of aluminum oxide afford long-term stability to silver nanoparticles and play an important role in their light driven shape conversion.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) enhances antitumor immune response by regulating differentiation and inhibition of MDSCs via a CARD9-NF-κB-IDO pathway
Authors: Wang Yongyong , Fan Xiaowu , Wu Xiaowei
Published: June 2020

A homogeneous polysaccharide (GLP), with an average molecular weight of 4.44 × 104 Da, was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. In this work, we examined the antitumor activities of GLP using a mouse Lewis lung cancer (LLC) model and explored possible molecular pathways involved in its immunomodulatory mechanism on tumor–host interaction. GLP administration (25 and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth, as evidenced by the decreased tumor volume and tumor weight, as well as histological features of tumor tissues with concomitant down-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proliferative marker. Less myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were accumulated in both spleen and tumor tissues from GLP-treated mice. In contrast, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells together with the production of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) was increased in the spleen of LLC-bearing mice following GLP administration. Furthermore, GLP administration reversed the attenuated expression of CARD9, p-Syk and p-p65, and increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) protein expression in MDSCs of LLC-bearing mice. Collectively, our data demonstrated the first time that GLP induced the differentiation of MDSCs and inhibited the accumulation of MDSCs via CARD9-NF-κB-IDO pathway, thus prevented lung cancer development.
Analogue beamforming solution for beam‐alignment problem
Authors: Rastegari Mahdi , Olfat Ali , Amini Ebrahim
Published: June 2020

Analogue only beamforming generally refers to a structure of analogue phase shifters that have no control over the amplitude of the signals and are utilised in millimetre‐wave massive multi‐input multi‐output systems to reduce the cost and power consumption. Conventional analogue only beamforming methods are based on beam‐training and subspace sampling where the transmitter and receiver select the best beamformer and combiner from a list of predefined beam patterns to maximise the beamforming gain. In this study, first, the beam‐alignment problem is formulated as a quadratic optimisation problem with quadratic constraints. Then, a practical solution for analogue only beamforming is proposed to maximise beamforming gain. The proposed method has no assumption on the array structure or isotropic antenna elements in the array. Also, a new method is proposed to design sub‐codebooks to reduce the construction time of the codebook. Simulation results also corroborate the analytical results and performance of the proposed method.
Disturbance‐rejection voltage control of an isolated microgrid by invariant sets
Authors: Bayoumi Ehab , Soliman Mostafa , Soliman Hisham M.
Published: June 2020

New disturbance‐rejection control for an islanded microgrid (MG) is presented in this study. The proposed method can be used with MGs consisting of several distributed generation (DG) units and local loads with both grid‐connected and islanded modes capability. The proposed controller utilises state feedback with integral control to track the desired voltage. The uncertainty of the load parameters is tackled as a disturbance. The proposed controller is designed using the method of invariant ellipsoids to guarantee robust stability, fast transient response and zero steady‐state error. The controller synthesis is formulated as a convex optimisation problem that is effectively solved using linear matrix inequality methods. The performance of the proposed MG voltage controller is assessed by several simulations in the presence of random load variations, load unbalances and step changes in the voltage reference. Moreover, the power mismatch during accidental islanding event is also considered.
Adaptive uncertainty sets‐based two‐stage robust optimisation for economic dispatch of microgrid with demand response
Authors: Qiu Yibin , Li Qi , Huang Lanjia , Sun Cai , Wang Tianhong , Chen Weirong
Published: June 2020

It is an effective way to regard the electric vehicles as the demand response for reducing the negative impact of large‐scale introduction on the power system. Aiming at the microgrid with demand response, the adaptive uncertainty sets‐based two‐stage robust optimisation method is established in this study. The coordination of micro‐gas turbine, energy storage, and demand response etc. are considered in the economic dispatch model. To effectively consider the uncertain variable contained in the microgrid, the concept of adaptive uncertainty sets is proposed in this study. The uncertainty sets are achieved by the long short‐term memory network and modified fuzzy information granulation. To handle the adaptive uncertainty sets‐based robust optimisation model, the column and constraint generation algorithm and strong duality theory are introduced to decompose the model into a master problem and a subproblem with mixed‐integer linear structure. To verify the performance of the proposed adaptive uncertainty sets‐based two‐stage robust optimisation method, measured data from a plateau city of China are introduced in the simulation test. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution strategy.
Facile preparation of multiphosphonic acid functionalised multi‐walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced adsorption properties for heavy metal ions from wastewaters
Authors: Jia Zhihua , Yin Ping , Yang Zhenglong , Xu Yanbin , Liu Xiguang , Wang Feng , Yang Huawei , Sun Wenjuan
Published: June 2020

This work presents facile preparation processes of multiphosphonic acid functionalised multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (HEDP‐MWCNTs and ATMP‐MWCNTs), which have been characterised by FT‐IR, XPS, X‐ray diffraction, TGA, and SEM, and have employed for heavy metal ions adsorption. The adsorption properties of MWCNTs, HEDP‐MWCNTs, and ATMP‐MWCNTs for gold ions, cadmium ions, copper ions, lead ions, nickel ions, cobalt ions, zinc ions, and chromium ions have been investigated, the experimental results reveal that the functionalised samples HEDP‐MWCNTs and ATMP‐MWCNTs have excellent adsorption properties for Pb(II) and Au(III), respectively. The investigation results on their adsorption selectivity represent that in the binary heavy metal ion systems, HEDP‐MWCNTs/ATMP‐MWCNTs has displayed a strong affinity for Pb(II)/Au(III) and even could exhibit 100% selectivity while coexisting with copper ions, nickel ions, cobalt ions, zinc ions, chromium ions, or cadmium ions. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics of HEDP‐MWCNTs for Pb(II) and ATMP‐MWCNTs for Au(III) have also been studied at different solution temperatures. All these research work results show that two novel functionalised adsorbents HEDP‐MWCNTs and ATMP‐MWCNTs have shown excellent adsorption properties for heavy metal ions and they can be used in wastewater treatment, especially for lead/gold ions removal.
Enhanced bactericidal activity of azithromycin‐coated silver nanoprisms in comparison to their spherical‐shaped counterparts
Authors: Yaqub Atif , Ali Sharafat , Ditta Sarwar Allah , Tanvir Fouzia , Ali Shaista , Naz Misbah
Published: June 2020

Human beings have been bearing great medical, social, and economic losses due to the ever‐increasing rate of microbial infections and the development of resistance; hence, there is a dire need to develop novel strategic alternate tools to circumvent these infections. In this regard, metallic nanomaterials (NMs) have been reported to exhibit promising bactericidal properties. In the present study, two different shaped silver NMs, i.e. silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanoprisms (AgNPrs) and their conjugates with azithromycin were synthesised, characterised, and tested for their bactericidal activity. The average particle sizes analysed for spherical nanoparticles were 30–47.5 nm, and for prismatic‐nanoparticles was 35–60 nm, respectively. The distinct ultraviolet–visible peaks were obtained for NMs and their nanoconjugates. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the interaction of various functional groups from Azy with metallic NMs. The nanoprisms and their conjugates showed enhanced bactericidal potential as compared to AgNPs and their corresponding control. The efficiency of Azy–AgNPrs was statistically higher (P <0.05) than AgNPs, Azy–AgNPs, and AgNPrs against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These results can be used as an innovative tool for further in‐depth optimisation of shape‐dependent nanoconjugates for their bactericidal activity.
Preparation and characterisation of carbon‐coated Magnéli phase Ti4O7 by modified carbon‐thermal reduction route
Authors: Bao Xinjun , Zhang Zejie , Yi Shijie , Yang Qingshan , Yu Peng , Zhou Debi
Published: June 2020

A carbon‐coated Magnéli phase Ti4O7 composite has been successfully synthesised, via modified carbonthermal reduction of amorphous TiO2, which was prepared from hydrolysis of titanium sulphate and polyvinyl alcohol, at a relatively low temperature and fast reaction rate. Moreover, the effect of heat treatment temperature and time on the reduced phases is revealed. Despite removal of oxide ions, scanning electron microscopic images clearly show the obtained carbon‐coated Ti4O7 composite retains well the spherical morphology of the precursor, and the high‐pressure pelleted treatment effectively inhibits the growth of the final product during the heat treatment process. In addition, the prepared composite with mesopore structure exhibits a Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area as high as 84.495 m2 g−1 and good electrochemical stability in alkaline electrolyte, as well as some oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity. The results presented in this work open an avenue for its potential electrochemical applications.
Effects of C4H9NH3Br additive on properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films
Authors: Yang Yanchun , Yu Sheng , Cao Yongjun , Li Wei
Published: June 2020

Short‐chain C4H9NH3Br compound can be used as the surface capping to synthesise CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal. In this work, employed as the surface ligand of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films, the influence of C4H9NH3Br additive on the morphology and optical properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 thin films were studied systematically. As the doping ratio of C4H9NH3Br compound increases, the growth of CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal grain can be controlled, and optical properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 thin films can be improved. The best quality can be obtained with 20% of C4H9NH3Br. Finally, the optimal sintering conditions of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films are determined at 80°C, 4 min.
Relationship between secondary phase and photocatalytic activity in titanium‐doped bismuth ferrite nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Lili , Meng Shuai , Chen Guoli , Yang Xiaodong , Yan Yan , Chen Rui
Published: June 2020

Doping is an effective way to enhance photocatalytic activity. Herein, the authors have synthesised a series of BiFe1−xTixO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) nanocrystals through sol–gel methods. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterisations indicate doping could facilitate the formation of Bi2Fe4O9 phase at low content, while inhibiting this formation at high content. Interestingly, the appearance of Bi2Fe4O9 improved the photocatalytic activity, which may be attributed to the spontaneous formation of heterostructure between Bi2Fe4O9 and BiFeO3 phases. The staggered energy bands between these two phases could effectively separate electrons and holes, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Microfluidisation trends in the development of nanodelivery systems: characterisation and release study of resveratrol‐loaded nanostructured lipid carrier prepared with high‐pressure microfluidisation
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Sun Hao , Liu Xin
Published: June 2020

The release behaviour and kinetic evaluation of resveratrol (Res) from nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) have been conducted after characterisation for Res‐NLC in this study. High‐pressure microfluidisation technique was successfully applied to manufacturing Res‐NLC, and the morphology of nanoparticle was observed via freeze‐fracture transmission electron microscopy. Photon correlation spectroscopy was used to characterise the NLC system for particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI). The in vitro release research was implemented by the dialysis method with active ingredient determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Fitting of release data to different kinetic models was carried out. The optimised Res‐NLC was physically stable with the PS below 200 nm, PDI below 0.3 and zeta potential (ZP) above 50 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was above 80%. Moreover, an in vitro release analysis demonstrated the sustained release profile of contents from NLC formulation over 12 h, with about 90% of the active ingredient released. Res‐NLC presented the best fit with the Weibull model accompanied by better correlation value. In conclusion, all the obtained results demonstrated that the release study of Res‐loaded NLC exhibited the promising application of the NLC formulation system in active ingredient sustained release carrier.
Graphene oxide used as the modifier to prepare silica‐encapsulated waterborne flaky aluminium for enhanced anticorrosive property
Authors: Liu Liqi , Shi Kaiqin , Lu Yilin , Yu Chengbing
Published: June 2020

Silica‐encapsulated waterborne flaky aluminium (SEWFA) is widely used in industrial fields, but its corrosion hampers its long‐term use. Herein, a sol–gel method was used to prepare graphene oxide (GO)‐modified SEWFA (GO‐SEWFA). The oxygen‐containing functional groups of GO can react with tetraethyl orthosilicate to form a well‐dispersed silica/GO matrix on the surface of GO‐SEWFA. The hydrogen evolution results demonstrated that GO covalent bonding, combined with silica encapsulation on the surface of flaky aluminium, could effectively improve the anticorrosive performance.
Mimicking spectropolarimetric inversions using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Milić I. , Gafeira R.
Published: June 2020

Context. Interpreting spectropolarimetric observations of the solar atmosphere takes much longer than the acquiring the data. The most important reason for this is that the model fitting, or “inversion”, used to infer physical quantities from the observations is extremely slow, because the underlying models are numerically demanding.

Aims. We aim to improve the speed of the inference by using a neural network that relates input polarized spectra to the output physical parameters.

Methods. We first select a subset of the data to be interpreted and infer physical quantities from corresponding spectra using a standard minimization-based inversion code. Taking these results as reliable and representative of the whole data set, we train a convolutional neural network to connect the input polarized spectra to the output physical parameters (nodes, in context of spectropolarimetric inversion). We then apply the neural network to the various other data, previously unseen to the network. As a check, we apply the referent inversion code to the unseen data and compare the fit quality and the maps of the inferred parameters between the two inversions.

Results. The physical parameters inferred by the neural network show excellent agreement with the results from the inversion, and are obtained in a factor of 105 less time. Additionally, substituting the results of the neural network back in the forward model, shows excellent agreement between inferred and original spectra.

Conclusions. The method we present here is very simple for implementation and extremely fast. It only requires a training data set, which can be obtained by inverting a representative subset of the observed data. Applying these (and similar) machine learning techniques will yield orders of magnitude acceleration in the routine interpretation of spectropolarimetric data.
Cosmic dissonance: are new physics or systematics behind a short sound horizon?
Authors: Arendse Nikki , Wojtak Radosław J. , Agnello Adriano , Chen Geoff C.-F. , Fassnacht Christopher D. , Sluse Dominique , Hilbert Stefan , Millon Martin , Bonvin Vivien , Wong Kenneth C. , Courbin Frédéric , Suyu Sherry H. , Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso , Koopmans Leon V. E.
Published: June 2020

Context. Persistent tension between low-redshift observations and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), in terms of two fundamental distance scales set by the sound horizon rd and the Hubble constant H0, suggests new physics beyond the Standard Model, departures from concordance cosmology, or residual systematics.

Aims. The role of different probe combinations must be assessed, as well as of different physical models that can alter the expansion history of the Universe and the inferred cosmological parameters.

Methods. We examined recently updated distance calibrations from Cepheids, gravitational lensing time-delay observations, and the tip of the red giant branch. Calibrating the baryon acoustic oscillations and type Ia supernovae with combinations of the distance indicators, we obtained a joint and self-consistent measurement of H0 and rd at low redshift, independent of cosmological models and CMB inference. In an attempt to alleviate the tension between late-time and CMB-based measurements, we considered four extensions of the standard ΛCDM model.

Results. The sound horizon from our different measurements is rd = (137 ± 3stat. ± 2syst.) Mpc based on absolute distance calibration from gravitational lensing and the cosmic distance ladder. Depending on the adopted distance indicators, the combined tension in H0 and rd ranges between 2.3 and 5.1 σ, and it is independent of changes to the low-redshift expansion history. We find that modifications of ΛCDM that change the physics after recombination fail to provide a solution to the problem, for the reason that they only resolve the tension in H0, while the tension in rd remains unchanged. Pre-recombination extensions (with early dark energy or the effective number of neutrinos Neff = 3.24 ± 0.16) are allowed by the data, unless the calibration from Cepheids is included.

Conclusions. Results from time-delay lenses are consistent with those from distance-ladder calibrations and point to a discrepancy between absolute distance scales measured from the CMB (assuming the standard cosmological model) and late-time observations. New proposals to resolve this tension should be examined with respect to reconciling not only the Hubble constant but also the sound horizon derived from the CMB and other cosmological probes.
Toward a large bandwidth photonic correlator for infrared heterodyne interferometry
Authors: Bourdarot G. , Guillet de Chatellus H. , Berger J-P.
Published: June 2020

Context. Infrared heterodyne interferometry has been proposed as a practical alternative for recombining a large number of telescopes over kilometric baselines in the mid-infrared. However, the current limited correlation capacities impose strong restrictions on the sensitivity of this appealing technique.

Aims. In this paper, we propose to address the problem of transport and correlation of wide-bandwidth signals over kilometric distances by introducing photonic processing in infrared heterodyne interferometry.

Methods. We describe the architecture of a photonic double-sideband correlator for two telescopes, along with the experimental demonstration of this concept on a proof-of-principle test bed.

Results. We demonstrate the a posteriori correlation of two infrared signals previously generated on a two-telescope simulator in a double-sideband photonic correlator. A degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio of 13%, equivalent to a noise factor NF = 1.15, is obtained through the correlator, and the temporal coherence properties of our input signals are retrieved from these measurements.

Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that photonic processing can be used to correlate heterodyne signals with a potentially large increase of detection bandwidth. These developments open the way to photonic processing of wide bandwidth signals for mid-infrared heterodyne interferometry, in particular for a large number of telescopes and for direct imager recombiners.
Distance, magnetic field, and kinematics of the filamentary cloud LDN 1157
Authors: Sharma Ekta , Gopinathan Maheswar , Soam Archana , Lee Chang Won , Kim Shinyoung , Ghosh Tuhin , Tej Anandmayee , Kim Gwanjeong , Sharma Neha , Saha Piyali
Published: June 2020

Context. LDN 1157 is one of several clouds that are situated in the cloud complex LDN 1147/1158. The cloud presents a coma-shaped morphology with a well-collimated bipolar outflow emanating from a Class 0 protostar, LDN 1157-mm, that resides deep inside the cloud.

Aims. The main goals of this work are (a) mapping the intercloud magnetic field (ICMF) geometry of the region surrounding LDN 1157 to investigate its relationship with the cloud morphology, outflow direction, and core magnetic field (CMF) geometry inferred from the millimeter- and submillimeter polarization results from the literature, and (b) to investigate the kinematic structure of the cloud.

Methods. We carried out optical (R-band) polarization observations of the stars projected on the cloud to map the parsec-scale magnetic field geometry. We made spectroscopic observations of the entire cloud in the 12CO, C18O, and N2H+ (J = 1–0) lines to investigate its kinematic structure.

Results. We obtained a distance of 340 ± 3 pc to the LDN 1147/1158, complex based on the Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motion values of the three young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with the complex. A single filament of ~1.2 pc in length (traced by the Filfinder algorithm) and ~0.09 pc in width (estimated using the Radfil algorithm) is found to run throughout the coma-shaped cloud. Based on the relationships between the ICMF, CMF, filament orientations, outflow direction, and the hourglass morphology of the magnetic field, it is likely that the magnetic field played an important role in the star formation process in LDN 1157. LDN 1157-mm is embedded in one of the two high-density peaks detected using the Clumpfind algorithm. The two detected clumps lie on the filament and show a blue-red asymmetry in the 12CO line. The C18O emission is well correlated with the filament and presents a coherent structure in velocity space. Combining the proper motions of the YSOs and the radial velocity of LDN 1147/1158 and an another complex, LDN 1172/1174, that is situated ~2° east of it, we found that the two complexes are moving collectively toward the Galactic plane. The filamentary morphology of the east-west segment of LDN 1157 may have formed as a result of mass lost by ablation through interaction of the moving cloud with the ambient interstellar medium.
The galaxy population within the virial radius of the Perseus cluster
Authors: Meusinger H. , Rudolf C. , Stecklum B. , Hoeft M. , Mauersberger R. , Apai D.
Published: June 2020

Context.The Perseus cluster is one of the most massive nearby galaxy clusters and is fascinating in various respects. Though the galaxies in the central cluster region have been intensively investigated, an analysis of the galaxy population in a larger field is still outstanding.

Aims.This paper investigates the galaxies that are brighter thanB ≈ 20 within a field corresponding to the Abell radius of the Perseus cluster. Our first aim is to compile a new catalogue in a wide field around the centre of the Perseus cluster. The second aim of this study is to employ this catalogue for a systematic study of the cluster galaxy population with an emphasis on morphology and activity.

Methods.We selected the galaxies in a 10 square degrees field of the Perseus cluster on Schmidt CCD images in B and Hαin combination with SDSS images. Morphological information was obtained both from the “eyeball” inspection and the surface brightness profile analysis. We obtained low-resolution spectra for 82 galaxies and exploited the spectra archive of SDSS and redshift data from the literature.

Results.We present a catalogue of 1294 galaxies with morphological information for 90% of the galaxies and spectroscopic redshifts for 24% of them. We selected a heterogeneous sample of 313 spectroscopically confirmed cluster members and two different magnitude-limited samples with incomplete redshift data. These galaxy samples were used to derive such properties as the projected radial velocity dispersion profile, projected radial density profile, galaxy luminosity function, supermassive black hole mass function, total stellar mass, virial mass, and virial radius, to search for indications of substructure, to select active galaxies, and to study the relation between morphology, activity, density, and position. In addition, we present brief individual descriptions of 18 cluster galaxies with conspicuous morphological peculiarities.
Performance of a rf neutralizer operating with noble gases and iodine
Authors: Dietz Patrick , Becker Felix , Keil Konstantin , Holste Kristof , Klar Peter J.
Published: June 2020

Neutralization of the extracted ion beam is a mandatory task for any ion thruster based space mission. The required lifetimes are in the order of ten thousand hours. This requirement is fulfilled by hollow cathodes operating with xenon, but has not been demonstrated for operation with iodine yet. Furthermore, the power consumption as well as the demand on mass flow should be kept as low as possible. Since the halogen iodine seems to be a viable alternative to xenon for operating ion thrusters, a suitable neutralizer concept that can operate with the corrosive gas for the time periods stated above is required. We propose to use a neutralizer based on an inductively coupled rf discharge as alternative to hollow cathodes. We studied the performance of a prototypical neutralizer operating with iodine as well as the inert gases xenon and krypton and compared the experimental studies with the results of global modeling.
Hole trapping capability of silicon carbonitride charge trap layers
Authors: Kobayashi Kiyoteru , Mino Hiroshi
Published: June 2020

We have evaluated the hole trapping capability of the silicon carbonitride (SiCN) dielectric film for application in metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (MONOS)-type non-volatile memory devices. After a great number of holes were injected to the SiCN charge trap layer of memory capacitors at high applied voltages, the flat-band voltage shift ΔVfb,hof the capacitors was saturated and the charge centroid location of holes trapped in the SiCN layer was found to reach at 1.8–2.0 nm from the blocking oxide-charge trap layer interface. Using the obtained ΔVfb,hand charge centroid values, the maximum density of holes trapped in the SiCN layer was estimated to be 1.2 × 1013holes/cm2, which was higher than that trapped in a silicon nitride charge trap layer (=1.0 × 1013holes/cm2). It is concluded that the high density of trapped holes caused large ΔVfb,hin the memory capacitors with the SiCN layer.
Scaling-up auch in der Bewegungsförderung?
Authors: Ferschl Susanne , Allmeta Anila , Fleuren Tobias , Weege Mayra , Abu-Omar Karim , Gelius Peter
Published: June 2020

Die flächendeckende Verbreitung erfolgreicher Interventionen der Gesundheitsförderung ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um messbare und nachhaltige Gesundheitswirkungen auf Bevölkerungsebene zu erzielen. Das Konzept des Scaling-Up bietet Ansätze, um Pilotinterventionen auf andere Standorte oder ganze Systeme zu übertragen und sie so einer Vielzahl von Menschen zugänglich zu machen. Dieser Beitrag möchte für den deutschsprachigen Raum auf Basis einer Literatur-Review einen ersten Überblick über einige theoretische Scaling-Up-Modelle sowie praktische Leitlinien für ein erfolgreiches Scaling-Up geben. Der Blick in die aktuelle Forschung liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Definition von Scaling-Up und von damit verbundenen Konzepten, den verschiedenen Typen von Scaling-Up, zu zentralen Akteuren und ihren spezifischen Rollen, zum Ablauf von Scaling-Up-Prozessen sowie zu begünstigenden und hinderlichen Kontextfaktoren für erfolgreiches Scaling-Up. Damit kann dieser Artikel einerseits die Planung und praktische Umsetzung konkreter Scaling-Up-Vorhaben unterstützen und andererseits Anregungen für die weitere Forschung auf diesem Gebiet bieten.
Präsenz der Handchirurgie in sozialen Medien
Authors: Besmens Inga Swantje , Guidi Marco , Uyulmaz Semra , Lindenblatt Nicole , Knipper Sophie , Calcagni Maurizio
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Soziale Medien (Social Media) spielen sowohl in der Freizeit als auch im medizinischen Berufsleben zunehmend eine wichtige Rolle. Gesellschaften wie die Föderation der Europäischen Gesellschaften für Handchirurgie (FESSH) tragen der Bedeutung von Social Media Rechnung, indem sie Social-Media-Gremien eingerichtet haben. Über die Nutzung von sozialen Medien in der und für die Handchirurgie gibt es bis dato keine Publikationen.

Ziel Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die derzeitige Nutzung sozialer Medien in der und für die Handchirurgie am Beispiel von Instagram zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden Jeweils die ersten 100 Top-Beiträge (Posts), die im Juli 2019 auf Instagram mit den Hashtags #handsurgery, #handsurgeon und #fessh veröffentlicht wurden, wurden in Hinblick auf Autor, Thema und Art des Beitrags sowie die Reaktion auf den Beitrag ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse 101 der 300 Beiträge stammten von Handchirurgen. Die meisten Beiträge (172 = 57,3 %) waren Eigenwerbung; 41 (13,7 %) dienten der Vermittlung medizinischen Wissens. 199 (66,3 %) Beiträge beinhaltete nur ein Foto, 63 (21,0 %) Beiträge zwei oder mehr Fotos, 38 (12,7 %) ein Video. Video-Beiträge und Beiträge von Handtherapeuten erhielten die meisten Likes und Kommentare.

Schlussfolgerung Soziale Medien werden für die Handchirurgie zur Eigenwerbung, aber auch zur Wissensvermittlung genutzt. Video-Beiträge werden von der Social-Media-Gemeinde besser bewertet als Foto-Posts.
Karpaltunnelsyndrom: Korrelation zwischen der relativen Einengung des N. medianus im Karpalkanal und der distalen motorischen Latenz
Authors: Reichert Aline , Voigtländer Dorit , Daikeler Lucia , Goth Dieter , Baumeister Steffen Peter
Published: June 2020

Ziel Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob es eine Korrelation zwischen der Schwere der Stenosierung des N. medianus im Karpalkanal sowie dem Geschlecht und Alter von Patienten mit einem Karpaltunnelsyndrom und der distalen motorischen Latenz des Nervens gibt.

Patienten und Methoden Bei 82 Patienten (59 Frauen und 23 Männer mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 66,6 (41–89) Jahren) wurde bei elektrophysiologisch gesichertem Karpaltunnelsyndrom (KTS) während der offenen Karpaltunnelspaltung mit einer sterilen Schieblehre der Durchmesser des N. medianus an seiner engsten Stelle in Höhe der Stenose und an seiner breitesten Stelle proximal davon gemessen und dann ins Verhältnis gesetzt als Grad der Einengung. Der Grad der Einengung wurde mit der distalen motorischen Latenz (dmL) des N. medianus sowie dem Alter und Geschlecht der Patienten korreliert. Des Weiteren wurden die Messdaten von Frauen und Männern miteinander verglichen.

Ergebnisse Der Durchmesser des N. medianus an seiner engsten Stelle im Karpalkanal betrug im Durchschnitt 6,0 (SD 1,1) mm, an seiner breitesten Stelle proximal der Stenose durchschnittlich 7,6 (SD 1,5) mm. Die durchschnittliche Entfernung der Stenose zur Raszetta betrug 17,6 (SD 3,7) mm. Die distale motorische Latenz betrug im Durchschnitt 6,4 ms. Eine Korrelation zwischen dem Grad der Einengung des Nervens und seiner distalen motorischen Latenz fand sich nicht. Hingegen bestand eine positive Korrelation zwischen Alter und der dmL. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern fanden sich weder für das Alter der Patienten, den Grad der Einengung des N. medianus, noch der distalen motorischen Latenz des Nervens.

Schlussfolgerung Aus der Verlängerung der distalen motorischen Latenz des N. medianus bei Karpaltunnelsyndrom lässt sich nicht auf den Grad der Einengung des Nervens im Karpalkanal schließen. Mit höherem Patientenalter findet sich die distale motorische Latenz des N. medianus bei KTS stärker verlängert.
Clinical outcome of endoscopic treatment for symptomatic sterile walled-off necrosis
Authors: Boxhoorn Lotte , Fritzsche Jeska A. , Fockens Paul , van Hooft Jeanin E. , de Jonge Pieter J. F. , Poley Jan-Werner , Bruno Marco J. , Voermans Rogier P.
Published: June 2020

Background The majority of patients with symptomatic sterile walled-off necrosis (WON) can be treated conservatively. Although endoscopic transluminal drainage (ETD) is often performed in cases of persistent symptoms, post-procedural iatrogenic infection may occur. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes after ETD of symptomatic sterile WON.

Methods This was a retrospective, multicenter, open-label case series of 56 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis who underwent ETD for symptomatic sterile WON between July 2001 and August 2018 at two tertiary referral hospitals. Primary end point was clinically relevant post-procedural iatrogenic infection, defined as need for endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy. Secondary end points included mortality, total number of interventions, hospital stay, and resolution of symptoms at 1-year follow-up. 

Results ETD of sterile WON was performed in 56 patients (median age 55 years, 57 % male), who presented with abdominal pain (71 %), gastric outlet obstruction (45 %), jaundice (20 %), and failure to thrive (27 %). A total of 41 patients (73 %) developed clinically relevant post-procedural iatrogenic infection, resulting in a median of 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2 – 4) endoscopic, radiological, and/or surgical interventions. Mortality rate was 2 %. Median total hospital stay was 12 days (IQR 6 – 17). Resolution of symptoms was reported in 40 of 46 patients (87 %) for whom long-term follow-up data were available (median follow-up 13 months, IQR 6 – 29).

Conclusions ETD of symptomatic sterile WON resulted in high clinical success. Nonetheless, the majority of patients required additional reinterventions for clinically relevant post-procedural iatrogenic infection.
Collaborative Video Consultations from Tertiary Care Based Telepsychiatrist to a Remote Primary Care Doctor to Manage Opioid Substitution Therapy Clinic
Authors: Pahuja Erika , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Ajay , Uzzafar Fareed , Sarkar Siddharth , Manjunatha Narayana , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Kumar C Naveen , Math Suresh Bada
Published: June 2020

Opioid use is a major problem in India and has high morbidity and mortality with a prevalence of 2.06%. There is a huge treatment gap for opioid use disorders (OUDs). Due to limited mental health resources and limited psychiatric training of medical practitioners in OUDs, a significant proportion of patients do not receive appropriate medical intervention. This article demonstrates how a primary care doctor working in a remote opioid substitution therapy (OST) clinic received assistance from the optional opioid module of clinical schedule for primary care psychiatry (CSP) and collaborative video consultation (CVC) module to address specific difficulties of patients already on Buprenorphine OST and improve the quality of care, thereby reducing chances of relapses. CVC module is a part of one-year digitally driven primary care psychiatry program designed by National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru. The opioid module was designed by NIMHANS, Bengaluru in collaboration with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi These observations warrant replication of this approach across diverse settings and at a larger scale to explore and evaluate its impact and effectiveness.
Radiation furnace for synchrotron dark-field x-ray microscopy experiments
Authors: Yildirim C. , Vitoux H. , Dresselhaus-Marais L. E. , Steinmann R. , Watier Y. , Cook P. K. , Kutsal M. , Detlefs C.
Published: June 2020

We present a multi-purpose radiation furnace designed for x-ray experiments at synchrotrons. The furnace is optimized specifically for dark-field x-ray microscopy (DFXM) of crystalline materials at beamline ID06 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The furnace can reach temperatures above 1200 °C with a thermal stability better than 10 °C, with heating and cooling rates up to 30 K/s. The non-contact heating design enables samples to be heated either in air or in a controlled atmosphere contained within a capillary tube. The temperature was calibrated via the thermal expansion of an α-iron grain. Temperature profiles in the y and z axes were measured by scanning a thermocouple through the focal spot of the radiation furnace. In the current configuration of the beamline, this furnace can be used for DFXM, near-field x-ray topography, bright-field x-ray nanotomography, high-resolution reciprocal space mapping, and limited powder diffraction experiments. As a first application, we present a DFXM case study on isothermal heating of a commercially pure single crystal of aluminum.
Improving the angle measurement accuracy of circular grating
Authors: Chen Gang
Published: June 2020

Circular grating usually served as the angle displacement feedback element in a precision turntable, and its measurement accuracy is very important. Installation errors always exist in the measurement system, which can cause angle measurement errors. Angle measurement errors are an impediment to improve the angle positioning precision of a turntable. It is necessary to reduce the effect of installation errors. In this paper, a novel method was proposed to improve the angle measurement accuracy of circular grating, which is based on compressed sensing and sparsity decomposition. An experimental system was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results validate that the proposed method can effectively improve the angle measurement accuracy of circular grating.
AMBER-DYES in AMBER: Implementation of fluorophore and linker parameters into AmberTools
Authors: Schepers Bastian , Gohlke Holger
Published: June 2020

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of explicit representations of fluorescent dyes attached via a linker to a protein allow, e.g., probing commonly used approximations for dye localization and/or orientation or modeling Förster resonance energy transfer. However, setting up and performing such MD simulations with the AMBER suite of biomolecular simulation programs has remained challenging due to the unavailability of an easy-to-use set of parameters within AMBER. Here, we adapted the AMBER-DYES parameter set derived by Graen et al. [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 10, 5505 (2014)] into “AMBER-DYES in AMBER” to generate a force field applicable within AMBER for commonly used fluorescent dyes and linkers attached to a protein. In particular, the computationally efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation of the AMBER MD engine can now be exploited to overcome sampling issues of dye movements. The implementation is compatible with state-of-the-art force fields such as GAFF, GAFF2, ff99SB, ff14SB, lipid17, and GLYCAM_06j, which allows simulating post-translationally modified proteins and/or protein–ligand complexes and/or proteins in membrane environments. It is applicable with frequently used water models such as TIP3P, TIP4P, TIP4P-Ew, and OPC. For ease of use, a LEaP-based workflow was created, which allows attaching (multiple) dye/linker combinations to a protein prior to further system preparation steps. Following the parameter development described by Graen et al. [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 10, 5505 (2014)] and the adaptation steps described here, AMBER-DYES in AMBER can be extended by additional linkers and fluorescent molecules.
Sharply vanishing destructive interference induced by magnon Kerr effect in cavity magnon polaritons
Authors: Bi M. X. , Yan X. H. , Xiao Y. , Dai C. J.
Published: June 2020

Motivated by the recently discovered nonlinear dynamics of cavity–magnon polaritons (CMPs), bistable CMP behavior is investigated theoretically in the case of two yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres (YIG1 and YIG2) in a microwave cavity, which is induced by the magnon Kerr effect of YIG1 originating from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The bistability appears in the form of sharp CMP frequency switching. More importantly, when the driving field acts on YIG1 and drives the magnon dark mode, the nonlinear Kerr effect at high excitation plays an important role in creating frequency detuning between the two YIG spheres. This results in sharply vanishing destructive interference between two YIG spheres and simultaneously makes the invisible magnon dark mode visible. However, when the driving field acts on the cavity, the magnon dark mode remains dark and there is no bistability in the CMPs when the driving frequency is tuned to the magnon dark mode, this being because the excitation energy cannot be transferred from cavity to magnon. The present research provides a promising approach for information storage and processing in multimode systems under high excitation.
Gate modulation of the long-range magnetic order in a vanadium-doped WSe2 semiconductor
Authors: Duong Dinh Loc , Kim Seong-Gon , Lee Young Hee
Published: June 2020

Generation of spin-charge coupling by doping semiconductors with magnetic dopants is a promising approach for gate-tunable spintronic devices without applying an external magnetic field. Here, we demonstrate that the magnetic orders in V-doped WSe2 can be modulated by tuning carrier densities using ab initio calculations. We found that at a low V-doping concentration limit, the long-range ferromagnetic order is enhanced by increasing the hole density. In contrast, this long-range ferromagnetic order is suppressed at high electron density by compensating the p-type V dopant, originating from the strong localized antiferromagnetic coupling between V and W atoms and between V and Se atoms. The hole-mediated long-range magnetic exchange is ∼70 meV, thus strongly suggesting the ferromagnetism in V-doped WSe2 at room temperature. Our findings on strong coupling between charge and spin order in V-doped WSe2 provide plenty of room for multifunctional gate-tunable spintronics.
Impact of crop load on nitrogen uptake and reserve mobilisation in Vitis vinifera
Authors: Verdenal Thibaut , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Zufferey Vivian , Dienes-Nagy Ágnes , Viret Olivier , van Leeuwen Cornelis , Spring Jean-Laurent
Published: June 2020

Nitrogen deficit affects both crop production and composition, particularly in crops requiring an optimal fruit N content for aroma development. The adaptation of cultural practices to improve N use efficiency (NUE) (i.e. N uptake, assimilation and partitioning) is a priority for the sustainable production of high-quality crops. A trial was set on potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas) to investigate the potential of crop limitation (via bunch thinning) to control plant NUE and ultimately fruit N composition at harvest. A large crop load gradient was imposed by bunch thinning (0.5–2.5 kg m–2) and N traceability in the plant was realised with an isotope-labelling method (10 atom % 15N foliar urea). The results indicate that the mobilisation of root reserves plays a major role in the balance of fruit N content. Fertiliser N uptake and assimilation appeared to be strongly stimulated by high-yielding conditions. Fertilisation largely contributed to fulfilling the high fruit N demand while limiting the mobilisation of root reserves under high yield conditions. Plants were able to modulate root N reserve mobilisation and fertiliser N uptake in function of the crop load, thus maintaining a uniform N concentration in fruits. However, the fruit free amino N profile was modified, which potentially altered the fruit aromas. These findings highlight the great capacity of plants to adapt their N metabolism to constraints, crop thinning in this case. This confirms the possibility of monitoring NUE by adapting cultural practices.