bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Chronic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Monaco Spencer J. , Pearson Kyle , Wukich Dane K.
Published: February 2015

Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common human malignancies; however, it is uncommon in the lower extremity. These lesions require prompt surgical attention and a delay in diagnosis can be harmful to the patient. We present a case report of squamous cell carcinoma with chronic osteomyelitis in a patient without diabetes. Definitive treatment included a transtibial amputation and metastatic workup was negative for active malignancy. Surgeons who treat chronic wounds should be cognizant of the potential for malignant degeneration.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case report
Hemophagocytic Syndrome in the Setting of AIDS and Disseminated Histoplasmosis
Authors: Subedee Anup , Van Sickels Nicholas
Published: February 2015

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is traditionally regarded as a rapidly progressive and often fatal illness. In patients with AIDS, HLH usually occurs secondary to opportunistic infections. Although popular guidelines exist for the diagnosis and management of HLH in general, no formal study has evaluated their applicability among adult patients who develop HLH in the setting of AIDS and opportunistic infections. The study reports on a case of HLH in a patient with AIDS and disseminated histoplasmosis. Eighteen other previously reported cases of HLH in the setting of AIDS and histoplasmosis were reviewed. Majority of the cases occurred in patients with a CD4 count of less than 70 cells/mm3. Overall mortality was 44%. Not getting antifungal treatment and having Histoplasma in blood were the 2 main risk factors for death. Among the patients who had a timely diagnosis of histoplasmosis and were initiated on antifungal therapy, the survival rates were significantly better, especially in the post-2000 ad period.
Aurora kinase A is required for hematopoiesis but is dispensable for murine megakaryocyte endomitosis and differentiation
Authors: Goldenson Benjamin , Kirsammer Gina , Stankiewicz Monika J. , Wen Qiang Jeremy , Crispino John D.
Published: February 2015

Key Points

AURKA is essential for adult hematopoiesis. AURKA is dispensable for megakaryocyte polyploidization and differentiation.
Thermochemically activated carbon as an electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Ostafiychuk Bogdan K , Budzulyak Ivan M , Rachiy Bogdan I , Vashchynsky Vitalii M , Mandzyuk Volodymyr I , Lisovsky Roman P , Shyyko Lyudmyla O
Published: February 2015

The results of electrochemical studies of nanoporous carbon as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors (EC) are presented in this work. Nanoporous carbon material (NCM) was obtained from the raw materials of plant origin by carbonization and subsequent activation in potassium hydroxide. It is established that there is an optimal ratio of 1:1 between content of KOH and carbon material at chemical activation, while the maximum specific capacity of NCM is 180 F/g. An equivalent electrical circuit, which allows modeling of the impedance spectra in the frequency range of 10−2 to 105 Hz, is proposed, and a physical interpretation of each element of the electrical circuit is presented.
Types of Skin Afferent Fibers and Spinal Opioid Receptors that Contribute to Touch-Induced Inhibition of Heart Rate Changes Evoked by Noxious Cutaneous Heat Stimulation
Authors: Watanabe Nobuhiro , Piché Mathieu , Hotta Harumi
Published: February 2015

Background

In anesthetized rats and conscious humans, a gentle touch using a soft disc covered with microcones (with a texture similar to that of a finger), but not with a flat disc, inhibits nociceptive somatocardiac reflexes. Such an inhibitory effect is most reliably evoked when touch is applied to the skin ipsilateral and closest to nociceptive inputs. However, the mechanism of this inhibition is not completely elucidated. We aimed to clarify the types of cutaneous afferent fibers and spinal opioid receptors that contribute to antinociceptive effects of microcone touch.

Results

The present study comprised two experiments with urethane-anesthetized rats. In the first experiment, unitary activity of skin afferent fibers was recorded from the saphenous nerve, and responses to a 10-min touch using a microcone disc and a flat disc (control) were compared. Greater discharge rate during microcone touch was observed in low-threshold mechanoreceptive Aδ and C afferent units, whereas many Aβ afferents responded similarly to the two types of touch. In the second experiment, the effect of an intrathecal injection of opioid receptor antagonists on the inhibitory effects of microcone touch on heart rate responses to noxious heat stimulation was examined. The magnitude of the heart rate response was significantly reduced by microcone touch in rats that received saline or naltrindole (δ-opioid receptor antagonist) injections. However, such an inhibition was not observed in rats that received naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor antagonist) or Phe-Cys-Tyr-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP; μ-opioid receptor antagonist) injections.

Conclusions

Microcone touch induced greater responses of low-threshold mechanoreceptive Aδ and C afferent units than control touch. The antinociceptive effect of microcone touch was abolished by intrathecal injection of μ-opioid receptor antagonist. These results suggest that excitation of low-threshold mechanoreceptive Aδ and C afferents produces the release of endogenous μ-opioid ligands in the spinal cord, resulting in the inhibition of nociceptive transmission that contributes to somatocardiac reflexes.
High-depth sequencing of over 750 genes supports linear progression of primary tumors and metastases in most patients with liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Tan Iain Beehuat , Malik Simeen , Ramnarayanan Kalpana , McPherson John R , Ho Dan Liang , Suzuki Yuka , Ng Sarah Boonhsui , Yan Su , Lim Kiat Hon , Koh Dennis , Hoe Chew Min , Chan Chung Yip , Ten Rachel , Goh Brian KP , Chung Alexander YF , Tan Joanna , Chan Cheryl Xueli , Tay Su Ting , Alexander Lezhava , Nagarajan Niranjan , Hillmer Axel M , Tang Choon Leong , Chua Clarinda , Teh Bin Tean , Rozen Steve , Tan Patrick
Published: February 2015

Background

Colorectal cancer with metastases limited to the liver (liver-limited mCRC) is a distinct clinical subset characterized by possible cure with surgery. We performed high-depth sequencing of over 750 cancer-associated genes and copy number profiling in matched primary, metastasis and normal tissues to characterize genomic progression in 18 patients with liver-limited mCRC.

Results

High depth Illumina sequencing and use of three different variant callers enable comprehensive and accurate identification of somatic variants down to 2.5% variant allele frequency. We identify a median of 11 somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) per tumor. Across patients, a median of 79.3% of somatic SNVs present in the primary are present in the metastasis and 81.7% of all alterations present in the metastasis are present in the primary. Private alterations are found at lower allele frequencies; a different mutational signature characterized shared and private variants, suggesting distinct mutational processes. Using B-allele frequencies of heterozygous germline SNPs and copy number profiling, we find that broad regions of allelic imbalance and focal copy number changes, respectively, are generally shared between the primary tumor and metastasis.

Conclusions

Our analyses point to high genomic concordance of primary tumor and metastasis, with a thick common trunk and smaller genomic branches in general support of the linear progression model in most patients with liver-limited mCRC. More extensive studies are warranted to further characterize genomic progression in this important clinical population.
The effects of land use types, management practices and slope classes on selected soil physico-chemical properties in Zikre watershed, North-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Selassie Yihenew G , Anemut Fentanesh , Addisu Solomon
Published: February 2015

Background

Land degradation is one of the major threats to food security and natural resources conservation Zikre watershed. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of land use types, management practices and slope classes on soil physico-chemical properties.

Results

Results of the experiment indicated highest mean values of total nitrogen (0.23%), organic matter (5.01%) and cation exchange capacity (35.44 cmol(+)kg−1) were recorded under the natural forest and the lowest values of the same (0.12%, 2.57% and 26.08 cmol(+)kg−1, respectively) were registered in crop lands. Available phosphorus content was the highest (6.18 mg kg1) in crop lands and the lowest (1.33 mg kg−1) in grazing lands. Comparing management practices the highest mean values of available phosphorus (18.41 mg kg−1), organic matter (5.88%) and total nitrogen (0.29%) were recorded from the cultivated land treated with both manure and soil bund compared to sole soil bund, sole manure and the control plots. Considering the slope classes, the higher mean values of total nitrogen (0.19%), organic matter (4.49%) and cation exchange capacity (33.09 cmol(+)kg1) were recorded in the lower slope classes followed by middle (0.17%, 3.39% and 30.58 cmol(+)kg−1, respectively) and upper slope classes (0.14%, 2.65% and 27.36 cmol(+)kg−1, respectively).

Conclusions

To conclude, conversion of forest lands to cultivated and grazing lands had detrimental effects on the soil physico-chemical properties; whereas construction of soil bunds on farm fields and application of manure improve the same under subsistence farming systems.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of interventional studies
Authors: Nigil Haroon Nisha , Anton Ammepa , John Jisha , Mittal Madhukar
Published: February 2015

Background

Diabetes and vitamin D deficiency are global epidemics. Researchers have long been exploring the role of potentially modifiable factors to manage type 2 diabetes. We conducted a systematic review of prospective studies and randomized controlled trials that involved vitamin D supplementation and specifically intended to study glycemic outcomes related to type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Two authors independently searched Medline and PubMed for longitudinal studies that had assessed the effect of vitamin D supplements on glycemic control, insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in patients with diabetes.

Results

Seventeen randomized control trials and seven longitudinal studies with a minimum follow-up of one month were included.

Results of the various short-term studies (follow up ≤ 3 months) suggested that vitamin D supplementation had a positive impact on glycemic control and metabolic parameters such as insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. However, the evidence was weak due to the low methodological quality of the studies. There was no significant effect on HbA1c, beta cell function and insulin resistance in the long-term studies (follow up > 3 months). There existed heterogeneity in the methodology of the studies, inclusion criteria, mode of supplementation of vitamin D and the duration of follow up.

Conclusions

Current evidence based on randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies do not support the notion that vitamin D supplementation can improve hyperglycemia, beta cell secretion or insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Large-scale trials with proper study design, optimal vitamin D supplementation and longer follow up need to be conducted.
Evaluation of implant-materials as cell carriers for dental stem cells under in vitro conditions
Authors: Gosau Martin , Viale-Bouroncle Sandra , Eickhoff Hannah , Prateeptongkum Esthera , Reck Anja , Götz W , Klingelhöffer Christoph , Müller Steffen , Morsczeck Christian
Published: February 2015

Background

Dental stem cells in combination with implant materials may become an alternative to autologous bone transplants. For tissue engineering different types of soft and rigid implant materials are available, but little is known about the viability and the osteogenic differentiation of dental stem cells on these different types of materials. According to previous studies we proposed that rigid bone substitute materials are superior to soft materials for dental tissue engineering.

Methods

We evaluated the proliferation, the induction of apoptosis and the osteogenic differentiation of dental stem/progenitor cells on a synthetic bone-like material and on an allograft product. The soft materials silicone and polyacrylamide (PA) were used for comparison. Precursor cells from the dental follicle (DFCs) and progenitor cells from the dental apical papilla of retained third molar tooth (dNC-PCs) were applied as dental stem cells in our study.

Results

Both dental cell types attached and grew on rigid bone substitute materials, but they did not grow on soft materials. Moreover, rigid bone substitute materials only sustained the osteogenic differentiation of dental stem cells, although the allograft product induced apoptosis in both dental cell types. Remarkably, PA, silicone and the synthetic bone substitute material did not induce the apoptosis in dental cells.

Conclusions

Our work supports the hypothesis that bone substitute materials are suitable for dental stem cell tissue engineering. Furthermore, we also suggest that the induction of apoptosis by bone substitute materials may not impair the proliferation and the differentiation of dental stem cells.
Some near Infrared Spectroscopy Applications of an Iterative Calibration Model Regression Strategy: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Dahlbacka John , Pohar Jaka , Lillhonga Tom
Published: February 2015

The performance of an iterative algorithm for finding the most suitable regression data to be used for the regression of local quantitative partial least-squares (PLS) models was investigated. This algorithm represented a further development of a method called multilayer PLS (ML-PLS) in previous publications, including automated distance measure selection and evaluation of how many iterations are to be used. The investigation was carried out by creating ML-PLS models based on data previously published and made available in different ways. The quantitative applications of near infrared spectroscopy that were studied were measurements of clay in soil samples, protein content in single kernels, freezing points in diesel fuels and ammonium in spiked anaerobic digestion samples. With these data sets, 20–50% improvements in the measurement accuracy compared with global PLS models were obtained. These accuracies obtained with ML-PLS were also compared with accuracies previously reported in the literature for the same data. Also, based on this comparison, the results obtained using the ML-PLS algorithm were encouraging.
Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy for Green Coffee Biochemical Phenotyping
Authors: Scholz Maria Brígida dos Santos , Kitzberger Cíntia Sorane Good , Pereira Luiz Filipe Protasio , Davrieux Fabrice , Pot David , Charmetant Pierre , Leroy Thierry
Published: February 2015

Accessions resulting from surveys in Ethiopia (the centre of origin of Arabica coffee) can be used as a source of genetic variability in breeding coffee plants. They may contain some genes of interest for coffee breeding, specifically in relation to beverage quality. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to develop models for predicting the major coffee constituents related to quality beverage (proteins, caffeine, lipids, chlorogenic acids, phenolic compounds, total sugars and sucrose). We selected coffee samples listed in a database containing data of chemical contents from samples of traditional and modern cultivars and of Ethiopian accessions to construct models to predict these compounds. Spectra were collected between 1100 nm and 2500 nm, and mathematical pretreatments were applied. The number of samples for the calibration step for each compound was set so as to be representative of distribution values. Cross-validation was performed on the total set of samples to select the optimal number of terms for the prediction models of each component. The prediction models were developed employing a modified partial least-squares regression. The total set of samples for each component was divided randomly into two subsets: one for developing the prediction model and the other to evaluate the predicted values. The best prediction models obtained were for chlorogenic acids ( r2 = 0.94, RPD = 4.16), proteins ( r2 = 0.94, RPD = 4.09) and caffeine ( r2 = 0.92, RPD = 4.16). Models for lipids and phenolic compounds were not as accurate ( r2 = 0.87, RPD = 2.77 and r2 = 0.86, RPD = 2.62, respectively), while models for sucrose ( r2 = 0.84, RPD = 2.44) and total sugars ( r2 = 0.85, RPD = 2.55) were even less accurate. All these models can be used for identifying coffee lines with more desirable traits in breeding programmes. The models were effective in discriminating Ethiopian coffee accessions from modern cultivars of coffee. Additionally, the NIR technique will make it possible to analyse a large number of samples in breeding programmes and may be used as a high-throughput analysis for green coffee phenotyping.
Animal-oriented virtual environments: illusion, dilation, and discovery
Authors: Alicea Bradly
Published: February 2015

As a research tool, virtual environments (VEs) hold immense promise for brain scientists. Yet to fully realize this potential in non-human systems, theoretical and conceptual perspectives must be developed. When selectively coupled to nervous systems, virtual environments can help us better understand the functional architecture of animals’ brains during naturalistic behaviors. While this will no doubt allow us to further our understanding of the neural basis of behavior, there is also an opportunity to uncover the diversity inherent in brain activity and behavior. This is due to two properties of virtual environments: the ability to create sensory illusions, and the ability to dilate space and/or time. These and other potential manipulations will be characterized as the effects of virtuality. In addition, the systems-level outcomes of virtual environment enhanced perception will be discussed in the context of the uncanny valley and other expected relationships between emotional valence, cognition, and training. These effects and their usefulness for brain science will be understood in the context of three types of neurobehavioral phenomena: sensorimotor integration, spatial navigation, and interactivity. For each of these behaviors, a combination of illusory and space/time dilation examples will be reviewed. Once these examples are presented, the implications for improving upon virtual models for more directly inducing the mental phenomena of illusion and space/time dilation will be considered. To conclude, future directions for integrating the use of VEs into a strategy of broader biological inquiry will be presented.
A double blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study to examine reduction of CD34+/CD117+/CD133+ lymphoma progenitor cells and duration of remission induced by neoadjuvant valspodar in dogs with large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Childress Michael , Mason Nicola , Winter Amber , O’Brien Timothy , Henson Michael , Borgatti Antonella , Lewellen Mitzi , Krick Erika , Stewart Jane , Lahrman Sarah , Leary James , Seelig Davis , Koopmeiners Joseph , Ruetz Stephan , Modiano Jaime
Published: February 2015

We previously described a population of lymphoid progenitor cells (LPCs) in canine B-cell lymphoma defined by retention of the early progenitor markers CD34 and CD117 and “slow proliferation” molecular signatures that persist in the xenotransplantation setting. We examined whether valspodar, a selective inhibitor of the ATP binding cassette B1 transporter (ABCB1, a.k.a., p-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance protein-1) used in the neoadjuvant setting would sensitize LPCs to doxorubicin and extend the length of remission in dogs with therapy naïve large B-cell lymphoma. Twenty dogs were enrolled into a double-blinded, placebo controlled study where experimental and control groups received oral valspodar (7.5 mg/kg) or placebo, respectively, twice daily for five days followed by five treatments with doxorubicin 21 days apart with a reduction in the first dose to mitigate the potential side effects of ABCB1 inhibition. Lymph node and blood LPCs were quantified at diagnosis, on the fourth day of neoadjuvant period, and 1-week after the first chemotherapy dose. Valspodar therapy was well tolerated. There were no differences between groups in total LPCs in lymph nodes or peripheral blood, nor in event-free survival or overall survival. Overall, we conclude that valspodar can be administered safely in the neoadjuvant setting for canine B-cell lymphoma; however, its use to attenuate ABCB1+ cells does not alter the composition of lymph node or blood LPCs, and it does not appear to be sufficient to prolong doxorubicin-dependent remissions in this setting.
Species delimitation and relationships: The dance of the seven veils
Authors: Naciri Yamama , Linder H. Peter
Published: February 2015

An increasing number of studies using genetic data at the generic and species levels reveal complex patterns of relationships among populations and species. Incomplete lineage sorting and reticulation are, for instance, commonly observed in low‐rank phylogenies. These two processes falsify the simplifying assumptions often used when reconstructing phylogenetic relationships or when assigning specimens to species using barcodes, i.e., the absence of ancestral polymorphism or the obligate dichotomous relationship among species. We recognize seven processes that act as veils to obscure species boundaries and relationships and lead to erroneous interpretations if not diagnosed and analysed properly. These processes include the transfer of genetic material from plastids or mitochondria to the nuclear genome (NuPt, NuMt), hybridization, the stochasticity of lineage sorting within and among species, genome organization, species demography, selection, genetic and geographic structure. Most of these processes have a direct impact on species effective population sizes, a central parameter to be considered. Failure to take the seven processes into account can affect the accuracy of barcode‐based identification, in particular between closely related species. It can also bias the delimitation of species, result in inaccurate estimations of species relationships and lead to incorrect estimation of species ages. We suggest that these problems can be identified and, to some extent, mitigated by ensuring that the full spatial and genetic ranges of the species are sampled, and by the use of information from all genomes of the species. By analysing numerous loci, each as a separate entity in a coalescence framework, it is possible to take into account stochasticity as well as variation in genome effective population sizes. Such a critical approach would allow the use of genetic data to make realistic assessments of species delimitation, affinities and ages, and should promote a more biologically realistic view of species and speciation.
Filtering Institutional Logics: Community Logic Variation and Differential Responses to the Institutional Complexity of Toxic Waste
Authors: Lee Min-Dong Paul , Lounsbury Michael
Published: February 2015

Although many recent studies have emphasized the multiplicity of institutional logics and the competition among them, how some institutional logics become prioritized over others in shaping organizational decisions is undertheorized. Drawing on panel data of 118 industrial facilities across 34 communities in Texas and Louisiana, we show that the saliency of different kinds of community logics significantly affects environmental practices—specifically, toxic waste emissions—of facilities in a community. Our results show that community logics not only have direct effects but also have indirect effects by filtering organizational reactions to broader field-level institutional logics. We theorize how community logics can amplify or dampen the influence of broader field-level logics and discuss the implications for the study of institutional complexity, social movements, and values in the configuration of institutional logics.
Leadership in systems, organizations and cultures
Authors: Prescott Denise , Rowe Mike
Published: February 2015

This article reviews the complex nature of health systems, organizations and cultures, and suggests that a nuanced understanding of these is important to thinking about leadership and change.
Venous thromboembolism: risk of recurrence and long-term anticoagulation
Authors: Khalil Leila , Wong Henna S , Keeling David M , Desborough Michael JR
Published: February 2015

Recurrence following initial treatment for venous thromboembolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Balancing the risks of recurrence against the risks of long-term anticoagulation is essential for optimizing patient outcomes.
The serological diagnostic challenges of multiple myeloma
Authors: Gu Yisu , Hunter Terrence , Offer Mark
Published: February 2015

Serological screening tests for multiple myeloma are commonly requested by physicians in both primary and secondary care to investigate patients presenting with anaemia or renal impairment of unknown cause. This article reviews the interpretation of these tests.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Grixti Sarah , Magri Caroline J , Xuereb Robert , Fava Stephen
Published: February 2015

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a form of dilated cardiomyopathy of indeterminate aetiology occurring in late pregnancy or the months following delivery. This article reviews current knowledge of its pathophysiology, therapeutic strategies and prognosis, as well as new treatments and future directions.
The 2014 Scottish independence debate: questions of social welfare and social justice
Authors: Mooney Gerry , Scott Gill
Published: February 2015

This paper aims to foreground some of the main ways in which issues of social welfare and social policy came to occupy centre stage in the Scottish independence debate during recent years, culminating in the September 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It considers how issues relating to social welfare and the future of the welfare state more generally were advanced by the pro-Scottish independence YES camp as key arguments in the overall case for independence. This then disputes suggestions to the contrary that the pro-YES movement was a campaign driven primarily by issues of Scottish nationalism and national identity. Instead issues of social welfare, social justice and the creation of a more equal Scotland dominated.
La representación mediática del deportista con discapacidad en el reportaje televisivo. Informe Semanal, un estudio de caso
Authors: Álvarez Villa Maria Ángels , Mercado Saez Maria Teresa
Published: February 2015

El tratamiento informativo de los Juegos Paralímpicos de 2008 en los medios españoles aparece ligado casi exclusivamente a los valores asociados al universo deportivo, según un estudio previo. Los paralímpicos son atletas, no personas con discapacidad. Ni se tendió al sensacionalismo ni se ofreció una imagen estereotipada. Debido a la particularidad del acontecimiento, también desaparecen reivindicaciones y problemas. Se trata de información deportiva en la que importa el resultado, los éxitos, las medallas. Para profundizar en la comprensión de la representación televisiva de los deportistas con discapacidad, el objeto de estudio es ahora la información televisiva al margen de la dinámica noticiosa de la cobertura diaria de los Juegos. El análisis de otro tipo de piezas, reportajes, ha permitido descubrir marcas tendentes a la estereotipación vinculadas al campo semántico periodístico, aquel que se hace visible a través del uso de recursos que propician la emotividad y la espectacularización. Emergen las historias de vida y detalles íntimos. Los protagonistas muestran una gran autoestima y una autoidentidad positiva al alejarse de las representaciones sociales habituales de la discapacidad1.
Medio ambiente y relaciones públicas: planificación estratégica de campañas de comunicación ambiental en España
Authors: Buil Gazol Pilar , Roger Loppacher Olga
Published: February 2015

Un valor de la sociedad contemporánea es el cuidado del medio ambiente. Los ciudadanos reconocen positivamente a aquellas organizaciones que respetan y cuidan el entorno natural en el que operan. Así la responsabilidad ambiental es una variable en alza según figura en los índices de reputación, como es el Monitor Español de Reputación Corporativa (MERCO). En este contexto, la gestión de la comunicación ambiental cobra especial relevancia. El principal propósito de esta investigación es conocer la planificación en comunicación ambiental que se hace en España. Los objetivos generales de esta investigación son: describir la gestión que se hace en las campañas de comunicación ambiental; conocer la naturaleza de los objetivos; identificar los grupos de interés; reflexionar sobre si los intereses de cada público influyen en la definición de los objetivos y en el tipo de relación que se construye. Para llevar a cabo estos objetivos se ha realizado un trabajo de campo de carácter cualitativo mediante un cuestionario que se ha dirigido a veinte instituciones procedentes del sector público y privado, y del mundo empresarial y asociativo. Los resultados confirman que siguen todos los pasos de la planificación estratégica, pero adoptan una perspectiva instrumental en la identificación de los públicos.
Relaciones con los medios a finales del siglo XIX: antecedentes de los comunicados de prensa en la prensa malagueña
Authors: Reina Estevez Jesus
Published: February 2015

La presente investigación trata de rastrear algunos antecedentes de comunicados de prensa y otros instrumentos de comunicación empresarial en la prensa malagueña de finales del siglo XIX. Para obtener los resultados se aplica el método del análisis de contenido sobre las comunicaciones que el periódico La Unión Mercantil (1886-1936) publicó en las secciones específicas: comunicado, remitido, circulares y avisos, en el periodo comprendido entre su nacimiento en 1886 y el comienzo del conflicto bélico cubano a principios de 1895. Los ejemplares digitalizados del diario se hallan disponibles online para su consulta en la página web del Archivo Narciso Díaz de Escovar, con la excepción del año 1892, cuya colección ha desaparecido casi por completo. Se logran obtener 400 resultados válidos, que se analizan según criterios de autoría y origen, objetivos de comunicación, y fuentes mencionadas. Este trabajo inicia una línea de debate casi desconocida en España, dada la falta de investigaciones monográficas de periódicos esenciales para la historia del periodismo en nuestro país, a nivel técnico y de contenido, a la vez que incide en la búsqueda de antecedentes de relaciones públicas antes del inicio oficial de la disciplina mediados los años sesenta del siglo XX.
Comunidades tecnosociales. Evolución de la comunicación analógica hacia la interacción analógico-digital
Authors: Camarero Cano Lucía
Published: February 2015

Los seres humanos siempre hemos formado redes sociales. Son éstas las que nos han ayudado a evolucionar como sociedad y las que han dado lugar a la creación y desarrollo de comunidades. A partir de la aparición de Internet y de la Web 2.0 (O’Reilly, 2005), se han formado también redes sociales digitales que han evolucionado hacia lo que conocemos como comunidades virtuales. Es así como vivimos en lo que Castells denomina “la Sociedad Red” (2001). Cada vez es más evidente la convergencia entre el mundo analógico y el digital permitiéndonos mantener una comunicación sincrónica y asincrónica independientemente del espacio-tiempo en que nos encontremos. La cibercultura y la cultura de la participación son dos características del S. XXI que están transformando el sentido de comunidad tradicional dando paso a comunidades interconectadas, que llamaremos comunidades tecnosociales.
Effects of Yarn Twist Levels on Percentage Reflectance of Cotton Fabrics Woven with Various Constructional Parameters
Authors: Ömeroğlu Sunay , Akgun Mine , Becerir Behcet
Published: February 2015

Percentage reflectance of plain, twill, and sateen fabrics woven from cotton yarns having various yarn counts and twist levels were presented. Yarn hairiness, fabric thickness, and fabric bulk density that changed with different twist levels were assessed with fabric percentage reflectance. All measured values changed between samples according to yarn twist levels in different ways. Percentage reflectance of fabric samples increased until yarns reached a certain twist level, then decreased with further yarn twist increases. This relationship between fabric percentage reflectance and yarn twist levels was more readily observed in less compact fabrics (fabrics having a low fabric cover factor, low fabric bulk density, and low yarn intersection numbers). Fabric bulk densities and fabric thickness values changed in accordance with yarn twist levels and fabric percentage reflectance.
Ultrasound-Enhanced Bioscouring of Greige Cotton: Regression Analysis of Process Factors
Authors: Easson Michael W. , Wojkowski Stefan , Condon Brian , Yeater Kathleen , Slopek Ryan , Fortier Chanel
Published: February 2015

Ultrasound-enhanced bioscouring process factors for greige cotton fabric are examined with custom experimental design using statistical principles. Optimal bioscouring conditions are determined for enzyme concentration, process time, ultrasonic power, and frequency. An equation is presented which predicts bioscouring performance based upon percent reflectance values obtained from UV-Vis measurements of ruthenium red stained fabrics. Significant material and engineering cost savings can be achieved through the adoption of optimized factors.
The influence of excipients commonly used in freeze drying on whole blood coagulation dynamics assessed by rotational thromboelastometry
Authors: Erber Matthias , Lee Geoffrey
Published: February 2015

Lyophilized reagents are used on a daily basis in coagulation diagnostics. They often contain a number of excipients in addition to the active compound. Some of these excipients may, however, influence coagulation dynamics.

Besides from plasmatic coagulation bulking agents may influence platelet properties. We therefore studied the influence of a variety of bulking agents (glycine, mannitol, sucrose and trehalose) as well as a surfactant (Tween

Both disaccharides as well as Tween

While the influence observed for glycine may be due to fibrinogen precipitation, the mechanism of mannitol appears to be more complex as platelet function as well as fibrin-based clot formation are influenced. This study therefore demonstrates the necessity to check for coagulation impairment due to compounds contained in lyophilized reagents.
Assessing quality on the Sigma scale from proficiency testing and external quality assessment surveys
Authors: Westgard James O. , Westgard Sten A.
Published: February 2015

There is a need to assess the quality being achieved for laboratory examinations that are being utilized to support evidence-based clinical guidelines. Application of Six Sigma concepts and metrics can provide an objective assessment of the current analytical quality of different examination procedures.

A “Sigma Proficiency Assessment Chart” can be constructed for data obtained from proficiency testing and external quality assessment surveys to evaluate the observed imprecision and bias of method subgroups and determine quality on the Sigma scale.

Data for hemoglobin A

Assessment of quality on the Sigma scale provides evidence of the analytical performance that is being achieved relative to requirements for intended use and should be useful for identifying and prioritizing improvements that are needed in the analytical quality of laboratory examinations. In spite of global and national standardization programs, bias is still a critical limitation of current HbA
DSMC method for a two-dimensional flow with a gravity field in a square cavity
Authors: Hssikou Mohamed , Baliti Jamal , Bouzineb Yassir , Alaoui Mohammed
Published: February 2015

In order to describe a two-dimensional flow of a dilute, hard sphere gas in the transitional regime, the DSMC numerical method (direct simulation Monte Carlo) is used to solve the Boltzmann equation in the corresponding case. To do this, the gas is enclosed under the effect of a gravity field in a square cavity whose walls have equal temperatures at first, which then change according to a temperature gradient in the vertical direction. To simplify the study and to use convenient boundary conditions, the surrounding gas of the cavity is considered to be Maxwellian. The behaviour of the system can be inferred from the profiles of density, temperature, pressure and heat flux, and is then compared with previous theoretical models.
Theoretical Studies of the Local Structure and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Parameters for Tetragonal VO2+ in C6H7KO7
Authors: Zhou Ping , Li Ling
Published: February 2015

The optical spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance parameters (i.e., the spin Hamiltonian parameters, including paramagnetic g factors and the hyperfine structure constants Ai) and the local distortion structure for the tetragonal VO2+ in C6H7KO7 are theoretically studied based on the crystal-field theory and three-order perturbation formulas of a 3d1 centre in tetragonal site. The magnitude of orbital reduction factor, core polarisation constant κ, and local structure parameters are obtained by fitting the calculated optical spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance parameters to the experimental values. The theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values.
Kondensationsfähige Si–N–Verbindungen zum Aufbau poröser Festkörper
Authors: Jansen M. , Rings S.
Published: February 2015

Preparation and spectroscopic data of the new compounds Si3O3(NHCH3)6 (1), Si3O2(NCH3)(NHCH3)6 (2 ), (CH3)3Si-NCH3-Si2OCl5 (3 ), ((CH3)3Si-NCH3)2Si2OCl4 (4) and [Cl3Si-O-SiCl2-NCH3-AlCl2]2 (5) are reported. The structure of the chlorinated alummosiloxazane compound has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis (space group P1̄, a = 8,357(1), b = 9,538(1), c = 9,774(1) Å, α = 85,35(1), β = 65,39(1), γ = 71,97(1)°, 2620 data (F0 > 3σ(F0), R = 0,040). The molecule shows a dimetric structure and contains a planar four-membered Al2N2 ring with Si2OCl5 groups in trans-position.
Polysulfonylamine, LXIV. Wasser-Dimere und Wasser-Monomere als Bindeglieder in Komplexen von 18-Krone-6 mit ungeladenen aciden Molekülen: Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von (CH2CH2O)6 · 4H2O · 2HN(SO2Ph)2 und (CH2CH2O)6 · 2H2O · 2HN(SO2C6H4⁻4–F)2 sowie Struktur des freien HN(SO2C6H4⁻4–F)2 / Polysulfonylamines, LXIV Water Dimers and Water Monomers as Links in 18-Crown-6 Complexes with Uncharged Acidic Molecules: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of (CH2CH2O)6 · 4H2O · 2HN(SO2Ph)2 und (CH2CH2O)6 · 2H2O · 2HN(SO2C6H4⁻4-F)2 and Structure of Free HN(SO2C6H4⁻4–F)2
Authors: Henschel Dagmar , Blaschette Armand , Jones Peter G.
Published: February 2015

The ternary complexes 18C6 · 4H2O · 2HN(SO2Ph)2 (3) and 18C6 · 2H2O · 2HN(SO2C6H4⁻4-F)2 (4) were obtained by co-crystallization of 18-crown-6 (18C6) with the appropriate di(arenesulfonyl)amine from aqueous solutions and characterized by low-temperature X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures consist of monomeric formula units displaying crystallographic Ci, symmetry for 3 (monoclinic, space group C2/c) and approximate Ci symmetry for 4 (monoclinic, space group P21/c). In 3, hydrogen-bonded water dimers H2O ··· H - OʹH (H ··· O 182 pm) act as links between the two di(benzenesulfonyl)amine molecules and the crown ring. Each dimer accepts an N - H ··· Oʹ bond (H ··· Oʹ 194 pm) and is attached by its remaining protons to a set of three alternate crown oxygen atoms Oc (OʹH ··· Oc 202, OH ··· Oc 207 and 208 pm). The overall topological features of 3 strongly resemble those of the known supramolecule 18C6 ­· 2MeOH · 2HN(SO2Ph)2. In 4, each amine molecule is N - H ··· O bonded to a water monomer (H ··· O 184 and 187 pm) that is connected to two Oc atoms of the crown (OH ··· Oc 202 - 210 pm). The crown rings of both complexes adopt the frequently observed pseudo D3d symmetry. In the crystal of the pure compound HN(SO2C6H4⁻4-F)2 (5; monoclinic, space group C2/c), the molecules are associated into chains in the z direction through a relatively weak N - H ··· Oʹ bond (H ··· Oʹ 215 pm). The conformations of the HN(SO2R)2 entities in 3, 4, 5 and some related solids are compared and discussed.
Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, LXXVII. Synthese und Reaktionen von Dihydrido-Iridium(III)-Komplexen mit α-Aminocarboxylat-Liganden / Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, LXXVII. Synthesis and Reactions of Dihydrido-Iridium(III) Complexes of α-AminoCarboxylates
Authors: Severin Kay , Beck Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Dihydrido-iridium(III) complexes of the general formula IrH2(aa)(PPh3)2 (aa = L-alaninate, L-valinate, L-prolinate and L-phenylalaninate, 1 - 4 ) have been synthesized. Reactions of 1 - 3 with phenylacetylene give the hydrido-di(phenylethynyl) complex IrH(C≡CPh)2(PPh3)3 (5). The latter compound is also formed from IrH3(PPh3)3 and phenylacetylene. All complexes have been characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 31P) and IR spectroscopy.
Chemistry of Fenchonesulfonic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Wagner Gabriele , Verfürth Uwe , Herrmann Rudolf
Published: February 2015

(1 S) - (+)-Fenchone is sulfonated by SO3 or H2SO4/acetic anhydride in the bridgehead methyl group. This could be confirmed by NMR techniques (INADEQUATE). The fenchonesulfonic acid obtained is converted (SOCl2/NH3) to the cyclic fenchonesulfonimide, which can be oxidized to the corresponding oxaziridine, in close analogy to 10-camphorsulfonimide. Improved procedures for this reaction sequences are given. During the treatment of the sulfonic acid with thionyl chloride, a byproduct with a rearranged bicyclic skeleton is observed whose structure has been determined by ozonolytic degradation and NMR techniques. A possible mechanism for this rearrangement is suggested, based on MNDO calculations of the intermediate carbocations. The fenchonesulfonyloxaziridine oxidizes sulfides to chiral sulfoxides with appreciable enantiomeric excess, but very low reaction rate. A comparison with camphor-derived oxaziridines having similar steric requirements is made.
Radiation-Induced C -C Bond Cleavage in 1,2-Diarylethanes as Model Compounds of Coal, Part 3. Pulse and Steady-State Radiolysis of 1,2-Di(9-anthryl)ethane in Organic Solvents
Authors: Haenel Matthias W , Richter Udo-Burckhard , Solar Sonja , Getoff Nikola
Published: February 2015

1,2-Di(9-anthryl)ethane (1,2-DAE) was used as a model for coal to study the C -C bond cleavage of the ethano linkage in the radiolysis of solutions containing NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2 [NaAlH2(OR)2]. Transient species were investigated by pulse radiolysis of solutions of 1,2-DAE in THF, DME and toluene in the absence and the presence of NaAlH2(OR)2. In the presence of NaAlH2(OR)2 stabilized, long-lived radical anion/sodium cation pairs of 1,2-DAE were generated even in the non-polar solvent toluene. The reaction mechanisms differ substantially for solutions in the ether solvents (THF or DME) and for solutions in toluene. Steady-state radiolysis (60Co γ-rays) of solutions of 1,2-DAE in toluene containing NaAlH2(OR)2 resulted in the C -C bond cleavage of the ethano linkage. This is attributed to the unstable dianion (1,2-DAE2-, 2Na+) formed in two successive radiation- induced reductions via (1,2-DAE∙- , Na+). The resulting (9-anthryl)methyl carbanionic fragments C14H9CH2
-, Na+ react with AlH(OR)2 generated in the process, to form the aluminate salts [C14H9CH2AlH(OR)2
-, Na+]. From the aluminate salts, 9-methylanthracene (9- MA) was obtained by hydrolysis in yields up to 65 wt.%.
Regioselective Zirconium-Mediated Cross Coupling of N-Methyl-N-propargyl Aniline and Alkenes
Authors: Barluenga José , Sanz Roberto , Fañanás Francisco J.
Published: February 2015

N-(2-bromoallyl)-N-methylaniline 1 is easily converted into the propargylamine-zirconocene complex 3 via loss of methane from 2-[zirconocene(methyl)]allyl amine 2. Regioselective insertion reactions with alkenes and benzophenone afford, after iodinolysis, products 4 -10.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Homoleptic 1-Oxa-1,3-diene Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Neis Stephan , Goddard Richard
Published: February 2015

Homoleptic tris(1-oxa-1,3-diene)molybdenum and tungsten complexes are formed as yellow, crystalline compounds in 54-80% isolated yield on treatment of the corresponding β-unsubstituted a,β-unsaturated ketones with W(CO)3(CH3CH2CN)3 or (η6-C6H6)Mo(CO)3 in refluxing hexane. Reaction of these oxadienes with (η6-C6H5CH3)2Mo in tetrahydrofuran or n-hexane provides a new high yield route to homoleptic molybdenum complexes that are otherwise difficult to prepare. X-ray crystal structure analyses of two air-stable, isomeric tungsten complexes reveal a significant contribution of a σ2,η2-bonding mode in the coordinated oxadiene moieties. Under reaction conditions that allow the platinum catalyzed hydrogenation of phenyl substituents in these ligands, the coordinated oxadiene fragments are inert, thus demonstrating an unprecedented chemoselectivity in the hydrogenation of arylsubstituted enones. On the other hand, the complexes are labile enough to catalyze the cyclotrimerization of alkynes such as methyl propiolate.
The Preparation of Colloidal Pt/Rh Alloys Stabilized by NR4
+- and PR4
+-Groups and their Characterization by X-Ray-Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Bönnemann H. , Brijoux W. , Richter J. , Becker R. , Hormes J. , Rothe J.
Published: February 2015

Bimetallic Pt/Rh colloids protected by NR4
+- or PR4
+ groups are accessible by the coreduction of PtCl2 and RhCl3 using hydrotriorganoborates in organic media. According to TEM the particle size ranges from 1.9 to 2.5 nm. EDX point analysis of several samples has shown that both metals are present in the particles. The metallic character of the Pt/Rh core confirmed by XANES, and EXAFS data clearly indicate the formation of nanometallic alloys. Colloidal Pt/Rh alloys prepared in this way are very soluble and highly stable in organic phases and serve as sources for heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.
Synthesis and Structures of Low-Valent Tungsten Complexes Bearing Chiral Oxazoline-Derived Ligands
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Guy C. , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of low-valent tungsten (0 and II) complexes bearing chiral bidentate phosphino- oxazoline or bisoxazoline ligands is described. The structures of four of the complexes have been determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. Tungsten(II)-allyl complexes of the type [W(CO)2(PN)(C3H5)Cl] (PN = phosphino-oxazoline) are fluxional in solution, but can be crystallized as single diastereoisomers. The complex [W(CO)3(PN)(CH3CN)], which also crystallizes as a single diastereoisomer, is readily oxidized in solution and solid state, in stark contrast to analogous compounds bearing four carbonyl ligands [W(CO)4(PN)] or [W(CO)4(NN)] (NN = bisoxazoline) which were found to be stable. [W(CO)3(PN)(CH3CN)] functions as a highly enantioselective catalyst in allylic substitution reactions with dimethyl sodiomalonate, whereas complexes of the type [W (CO)2(PN )(Z -C3H4)X)] (Z = H, Ph; X = Cl, Br) failed to yield allylic alkylation products.