bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of an absorption heat pump in the conditions of an existing combined heat and power plant
Authors: Redko A. , Redko I. , Pavlovskiy S. , Burda Y. , Pivnenko Y. , Alforov S.
Published: March 2021

The dependence of mankind on energy resources only increases with the development of scientific and technological progress. It is clear that the supply of natural energy resources will run out soon. The solution is using new energy generation technologies based on renewable and secondary sources. Due to the presence in Ukraine of operating combined heat and power plants, there is the possibility of producing thermal energy using the secondary heat by absorption heat pumps. At the same time, the thermal energy of flue gases and steam from steam turbines does not heat the atmosphere, but are involved in the generation of thermal energy for heating networks of settlements. Due to the ability of the absorbent solution to absorb and condense water vapor under the influence of low-potential and high-potential heat carriers, it is possible to significantly reduce the consumption of traditional energy resources and increase the overall efficiency of the combined heat and power plants. World experience shows that the use of secondary energy resources can significantly improve the country's energy balance. And the main problem is the availability of these resources. In today's changing climate, the use of renewable energy sources requires additional expences and it is appropriate to pay attention to use of present secondary energy resources, which are not used now. There are a lot of such resources available in heat generating facilities. This is especially noticeable in large cities with central heating networks. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of their work makes it possible to significantly improve the energy balance of the whole country and reduce tariffs for thermal energy for industry and individual consumers, which, in turn, will improve the living standards of citizens.
Stress-strain state of thick-walled anisotropic cylindrical shells under thermal power load, protected by the functionally graded material
Authors: Semenyuk Mykola , Trach Volodymyr , Podvornyi Andrii
Published: March 2021

In the article the stress-strain state of thick-walled structurally anisotropic composite cylindrical shells under thermal power load, which are protected by a functionally graded material, are analysed. Based on the interrelations of the spatial theory of elasticity, a system of inhomogeneous differential equations in three-dimensional formulation, which describes the stress-strain state of thick-walled anisotropic cylindrical shells, was obtained. To reduce the dimensionality of this system, the Bubnov-Galerkin analytical method was used. Thus, the obtained one-dimensional system of twelve equations of normal Cauchy form was implemented using the numerical method of discrete orthogonalization. To represent the possibilities of the proposed approach, there were used stress-strain states of two, four and five-layered anisotropic cylindrical shells of fibrous composites, protected from temperature by a layer of transversely isotropic functionally graded material.
Transient responses in Piezoceramic Multilayer Actuators Taking into Account External Viscoelastic Layer
Authors: Grigoryeva Ludmila
Published: March 2021

The work develops a generalized approach to the study of thickness (radial) vibrations arising in the piezoceramic plates, cylinders, spheres under electrical loads. The state of the problem and the main approaches, used in the problems of studying the oscillations of electroelastic bodies, are described. The use of multilayer elements with electroded interface surfaces and variable direction of polarization of the layers increases the conversion efficiency of electrical energy into mechanical energy, so multilayer piezoceramic plates, cylinders, spheres with changing polarization directions with electroded interfaces are considered. Because of piezoelectric elements are often embedded in the housing and supplemented with matching layers to protect against mechanical damage, it is necessary to study their effect on the oscillations of the element. The proposed approach makes it possible to study the vibrations of plane, cylindrical and spherical bodies with layers made of various electroelastic and elastic materials. Numerical implementation is carried out using finite differences.

Nonstationary oscillations of PZT-4 ceramic elements at zero initial conditions are investigated. Oscillations of multilayer plates, cylinders and spheres with and without an external elastic or viscoelastic reinforcing layer under impulse and harmonic unsteady loads are investigated and compared. There are found own frequencies for 5-layer bodies of different geometry with and without an external layer. The first natural frequency for cylinder and sphere corresponds to the radial mode of oscillations, while the second natural frequency for cylinders and spheres and the first for flat bodies are almost equal and correspond to thickness mode. The transient processes in the elements under impulse loads and the influence of the outer elastic layer (housing or matching layer) are studied, taking into account the Rayleigh attenuation. It is established that for a flat layer the outer layer increases the amplitude and the period of free vibrations after removing the load, and for cylinders and spheres it decreases. The presence of an elastic layer enhances the third and dampens the fourth natural frequency of the transducer, thereby expanding the frequency range of its operation.
Bearing capacity of steel-fiber-concrete slabs with biaxially prestressed reinforcement
Authors: Zhuravskyi Oleksandr
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research is to obtain new experimental data of biaxially prestressed steel-fiber-concrete slabs under transverse loading and to develop a method for calculating their bearing capacity.

Experimental-theoretical studies of biaxially prestressed steel-fiber-concrete slabs under the action of a uniformly distributed load were performed. Experimental studies were performed on plates measuring 40x800x800 mm with prestressed reinforcement Ø5Bp-II in two directions. Samples of the first series were reinforced with a mixture of steel fibers of STAFIB 50/1.0 and STAFIB 30/0.6 with anchors at the ends, the percentage of which was 0.5% by volume of each fiber. The samples of the second series contained 1.0% by volume of NOVOKON URW 50/1.0 corrugated fibers.

A method for calculating steel-fiber-concrete (SFB) slabs based on the deformation method is proposed. This takes into account the real diagram "σ-ε" for uniaxial and biaxial compression of steel-fiber-concrete and increase the compressive strength of steel-fiber-concrete under conditions of biaxial compression. Stress losses in the reinforcement from creep and shrinkage deformations of steel-fiber-concrete are also taken into account. The results of calculation of experimental samples and their comparison with the results of experimental researches are given. They showed sufficient convergence. The difference was 1.1… 2.5%. It is established that the bearing capacity of biaxially prestressed slabs is 1.55… 1.61 times higher than unstressed slabs and 42.4… 55.5% higher than uniaxially stressed slabs.
Russel — Silver syndrome a 7-month-old child: case report
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Khafizova N.R. , Merzlyakova D.R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Safina Yu.F. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Russel – Silver syndrome (RSS) is a hereditary disease manifesting with intrauterine growth retardation, dwarfism, and other stigmas of embryopathy. We describe this rare genetic condition in a 7-month-old baby. The changes in physical condition and neurological status, clinical signs, laboratory tests, and management strategy are addressed. A genetic condition was suggested through an arrested development and stigmas of embryopathy only at the age of 7 months. At the age of 5 months, hydrocephaly was suspected due to asymmetrical proportions of the body (the relatively large size of head compared to a small body). However, neurosonography ruled out this diagnosis. Genetic testing for microsatellite loci on chromosome 7, which identified abnormal methylation of H19 gene verified the final diagnosis. KEYWORDS: Russel – Silver syndrome, child, intrauterine growth retardation, pseudohydrocephalus, dwarfism, genetic counseling. FOR CITATION: Khafizova N.R., Merzlyakova D.R., Safina Yu.F. Russel – Silver syndrome a 7-month-old child: case report. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):103–105. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-103-105.
Promising diagnostic tools for endometriosis given the pathogenic role of genetic factors
Authors:   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Ikhtiyarova G.A. , Aslonova M.Zh. ,   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Kurbanova Z.Sh. ,   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Kalimatova D.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses promising diagnostic modalities for endometriosis considering current ideas about the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of this condition. The hypotheses on pathogenesis and modern diagnostic approaches are addressed. The authors uncover the issues of genetic predisposition to endometriosis. The inhibition of tumor suppressor genes (CDKN2B, CDKN2 A, and ARF) and the activation of genes of early (embryonic) development of the female reproductive system (HOXA, HOXB, WNT4) lead to endometrial metaplasia. As a result, endometrial cells gain the ability to proliferate. The role of microRNA in the impaired regulation of the methylation of various genes associated with endometriosis is described. These factors specifically affect the course and clinical manifestations of endometriosis. Certain key proteins involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and whose synthesis is controlled by microRNA may be regarded as the diagnostic markers of endometriosis. Their in-depth study will identify novel therapeutic targets and promote the development of new non-hormonal treatment approaches to endometriosis. KEYWORDS: endometriosis, proliferation, endometrium, genes, polymorphism, diagnostic, epigenetics, microRNA. FOR CITATION: Ikhtiyarova G.A., Aslonova M.Zh., Kurbanova Z.Sh., Kalimatova D.M. Promising diagnostic tools for endometriosis given the pathogenic role of genetic factors. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):12–16. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2021-4-1-12-16.
Large bowel obstruction during pregnancy: the efficacy of dietary fibers
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. , Borovkova E.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Simonyan T.D. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Selimshaeva D.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Aim: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dietary fibers and lactulose in pregnant women with large bowel obstruction. Patients and Methods: this prospective study included 60 pregnant women (20–24 weeks of pregnancy) with large bowel obstruction occurred during pregnancy and persisted for at least 3 months. All women were randomized and divided into two groups. Group 1 received soluble fibers and group 2 received group 2 received lactulose. Clinical efficacy of treatment was evaluated using a specialized questionnaire filled at baseline, 48 h, 4 days, and 14 days after starting treatment. Results: mean age was 27.1±4.0 years in group 1 and 28.3±5.0 years in group 2. Bowel evacuation less than 3 times a week occurred in 87% and 77%, respectively, the duration of pushing occupied more than 25% of defecation in 70% and 60%, respectively, hard stool occurred in 100%, anal fissures and a feeling of incomplete evacuation were reported in 47% and 57%, respectively. Comfort bowel evacuation 48 h after starting treatment was reported in 63% of women who received dietary fibers and 47% of patients who received lactulose. Normal defecation by day 4 was observed in 80% of women in group 1 and 53% in group 2. Treatment effect was achieved by day 14 in 87% in group 1 and 70% in group 2. The most common complaint was abdominal distension that occurred 3.5 times more common after treatment with lactulose (р<0.05). Conclusions: dietary fibers were more effective in terms of achieving the desired outcome and patient satisfaction. KEYWORDS: large bowel obstruction, defecation, pregnancy, dietary fibers, OptiFibere, lactulose. FOR CITATION: Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Borovkova E.I., Simonyan T.D., Selimshaeva D.S. Large bowel obstruction during pregnancy: the efficacy of dietary fibers. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):36–41. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-36-41.
Efficacy of prenatal diagnostic in mothers of children with chromosomal aberrations diagnosed postnatally
Authors:   Altay State Medical University, Barnaul, Russian Federation, Dudareva Yu.A. , Shipilov A.A. ,   Altay Regional Clinical Perinatal Center, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Aim: to assess the efficacy of prenatal screening in women those children were diagnosed with chromosomal aberrations postnatally. Patients and Methods: this descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study was performed to analyze medical records, obstetric gynecological database, and the results of prenatal screening in women (Altay Region residents) who gave birth to children with chromosomal aberrations in 2017–2019. The examination also included the calculation of the individual risk of fetal chromosomal aberrations using Astraia and PRISCA software. Results: in 2017–2019, sixty-nine children with chromosomal aberrations were born in the Altay Region. Most (90%) children were diagnosed with Down’s syndrome. More girls were born than boys (1.7:1). The mean age of women who gave birth to children with chromosomal aberrations diagnosed postnatally was 35 years. In 4.3%, mean mother’s age was 21.3 years. In 40.6%, mean mother’s age was 31.2 years. Every second woman (55.1%) was older than 35 years. A retrospective analysis of pathological prenatal markers and automated calculation of individual risk have demonstrated that the risk of fetal chromosomal aberrations was moderate to high in 79.7%. In this risk score, the diagnosis can be verified prenatally. Sonographic and biochemical markers of fetal chromosomal aberrations were lacking in 20.3%. Early prenatal screening was not performed in 20.3% due to late referral to the maternity clinic. Sonographic markers, diagnosed congenital anomalies, and biochemical tests in the second trimester were the most effective prenatal markers of chromosomal aberrations. Conclusions: following the technology of prenatal screening to identify fetal chromosomal aberrations allows for verifying the diagnosis and granting the families the right to decide on the utility to prolong pregnancy. KEYWORDS: prenatal screening, chromosomal aberrations, congenital anomalies, karyotyping, genetic counseling, noninvasive prenatal testing. FOR CITATION: Dudareva Yu.A., Shipilov A.A. Efficacy of prenatal diagnostic in mothers of children with chromosomal aberrations diagnosed postnatally. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):42–45. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-42-45.
Pathogenic treatment of the inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract in women of reproductive age
Authors:   South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Letyaeva O.I. , Ziganshin O.R. ,   South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses one of the important gynecological issues, inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract caused by opportunistic microbes. The treatment and long-term control over these conditions are challenging and depend on their occurrence and high risk of complications. Impaired local anti-infectious protection is one of the risk factors of chronic inflammation. Since the disease may recur even after successful treatment, domestic and foreign authors increasingly focus on immunotherapy as a part of complex strategy and isolated entity. Local immunotherapy may prevent recurrences and activate host defense. This paper describes the management of two women with mixed infections. The first woman with chronic recurrent inflammation (cervicitis caused by U. urealyticum, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and aerobic vaginitis) in whom prior etiological therapy was ineffective received immunotherapy which resulted in long-term remission. The second woman with coexistent papillomavirus infection (genital warts) and bacterial vaginosis received immunotherapy and topical etiological treatment. As a result, clinical symptoms, the size and number of genital warts reduced which greatly facilitated their chemical destruction. KEYWORDS: genital tract, urogenital infections, papillomavirus infection, bacterial vaginosis, local immunity, biofilms. FOR CITATION: Letyaeva O.I., Ziganshin O.R. Pathogenic treatment of the inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract in women of reproductive age. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):59–64. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-59-64.
Diagnosis and antibacterial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   A.I. Evdokimov Moscow University of Medicine & Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaitseva S.V. ,   Federal Research Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaitseva O.V. ,   A.I. Evdokimov Moscow University of Medicine & Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lokshina E.E. ,   A.I. Evdokimov Moscow University of Medicine & Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reasonable use of antibiotics became an important issue of practical health care. This fact is accounted for by the heavy burden of COVID-19 on healthcare system, difficulties with interpreting respiratory disorders and verifying communityacquired pneumonia using instrumental and laboratory tests. Therefore, the risk of unnecessary prescription of antibiotics and, as a result, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance significantly increase. This paper addresses current ideas about the role of the most common causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia in children, the milestones of the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial pneumonia, the algorithms of the choice of basic antibacterial treatment in out-patient settings. The authors emphasize that only the use of limited antibiotic spectrum (i.e., amoxicillin, inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins), their rational dosing and course treatment recommended for community-acquired pneumonia will prevent the loss of antibacterial efficacy for infectious diseases. KEYWORDS: community-acquired pneumonia, children, SARS-CoV-2, antibiotic therapy, antibiotic resistance, inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins. FOR CITATION: Zaitseva S.V., Zaitseva O.V., Lokshina E.E. Diagnosis and antibacterial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):70–76. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2021-4-1-70-76.
Childhood vaccination as a part of the National Immunization Schedule during the COVID-19: problems and potential solutions
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, Girina A.A. , Zaplatnikov A.L. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrovskiy F.I. ,   Khanty-Mansi State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, Tandalova L.P. ,   3District Clinical Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Aim: to compare monthly implementation of immunization plan as a part of the National Immunization Schedule in 2019 and 2020 in children aged 0–18 years. Patients and Methods: monthly and annual form No. 5 “Information on prophylactic immunization” (from January 2019 to December 2020) was analyzed. Monthly implementation of immunization plan for each vaccine-preventable disease (whooping cough, poliomyelitis, mumps, rubella, measles, diphtheria tetanus and other) were analyzed separately. Results: in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant (8.8-fold) reduction in the coverage of children with immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases was reported compared to 2019 (р<0.0001). The reduction in the implementation of immunization schedule required urgent solutions to maintain a high level of herd immunity. The recovery of the required implementation of immunization plan against whooping cough and poliomyelitis was achieved by the end of 2020. The recovery of the required implementation of immunization plan against diphtheria and tetanus, measles, rubella, and mumps will be achieved in September 2020 (considering the National Immunization Schedule that includes revaccinations in preschool and school years). Conclusions: timely identification of the drawbacks of the organization of immunization and the prompt development of effective measures and implementation into clinical practice allowed for full implementation of immunization plan in children in 2020, despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. KEYWORDS: vaccination, children, National Immunization Schedule, revaccination, COVID-19 pandemic. FOR CITATION: Girina A.A., Zaplatnikov A.L., Petrovskiy F.I., Tandalova L.P. Childhood vaccination as a part of the National Immunization Schedule during the COVID-19: problems and potential solutions. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):85–89. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-85-89.
Efficacy and tolerability of a specialized dietary therapeutic product in long-chain and very long-chain fatty acid metabolism disorders in children
Authors:   Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Semenova N.A. , Shestopalova E.A. ,   Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kutsev S.I. ,   Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Aim: to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a specialized dietary therapeutic product in long-chain and very long-chain fatty acid metabolism disorders in children. Patients and Methods: this open-label prospective uncontrolled study enrolled 5 children aged 35 ± 14 months who were diagnosed with longchain and very long-chain fatty acid metab-olism disorders. Diet therapy using the tested product (“Monogen”) was prescribed and corrected after the analysis of actual diet. Physical development and neurological status were evaluated, blood levels of specific acyl-carnitines (С16-ОН, С18-ОН, С18:1-ОН, С14:1, С14) were measured. Tolerability was assessed by the rate and severity of adverse events (including allergic reactions) and the changes in vital functions compared to baseline. Patient and doctor satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire. Results: children received the tested product throughout the study (30±2 days). The lev-els of acyl-carnitines were within normal ranges in all children. No dyspepsia, allergic reactions, somatic dysfunction, or neurological deviations were reported. Physical exam consistently fell in the range of normal for age. Parents and doctors were fully satisfied with the tested product (“Monogen”). Conclusions: “Monogen” is highly effective for therapeutic feeding of children with long-chain and very long-chain fatty acid metabolism disorders. KEYWORDS: long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders, β-oxidation of fatty acids, long-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency, biallelic mutation, therapeutic feeding. FOR CITATION: Semenova N.A., Shestopalova E.A., Kutsev S.I. Efficacy and tolerability of a specialized dietary therapeutic product in longchain and very long-chain fatty acid metabolism disorders in children. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):98–102. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-98-102.
Taxonomic review of genera Aeonium and Aichryson (Crassulaceae) in Eurasia
Authors:   Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Byalt V. V.
Published: March 2021

The article provides the first taxonomic review of two small genera Aeonium Webb et Berth. and Ayhrison Webb and Bert. (Crassulaceae H. St.-Hil.) in Eurasia. In Eurasia, these genera are at the limit of distribution and therefore there is no large species diversity. Information is given on 9 species of the genera Aeonium (6 species and 1 hybrid) and Aichryson (2 species), currently identified in Eurasia. In distribution, they are confined mainly to the Mediterranean and only one species is very rare in Front Asia on the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen. The article proposes lectotypes for three synonymous names in the genera Aichryson — Sempervivum dichotomum DC. and Aeonium — S. molle Vis. и S. caespitosum C. Sm. former Otto. The paper gives the keys to identify the species of Aeonium and Aichryson found in Eurasia, a brief synonymy for genera and species, morphological description for species, distribution in Eurasia and the general distribution of species. The article is illustrated by one photo.
Socio-political transformations of the Khrushchev “thaw” (based on the materials of the Komsomol Committee of Tomsk State University 1956—1957)
Authors:   Institute of History of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Murenko D. I.
Published: March 2021

The article attempts to characterize the socio-political activity of young people during the early “thaw” on the basis of the activities of the Komsomol Committee of Tomsk State University. The main practices of political and educational work of Komsomol in relation to student youth are considered. The source base of the study was the funds of the Center of Documentation of the Latest History of the Tomsk Region, periodical materials — the university newspaper “For Soviet Science”, the printed organ of the Tomsk Regional Committee of the Komsomol “Young Leninist”, as well as oral history materials. It was concluded that with the beginning of the “thaw”, the introduction of new attitudes into the educational process, in particular the rejection of dogmatism in teaching social sciences, stimulated the Komsomol activists to search for new forms of work with young people and lead to the formation of an activist-type political culture, which found embodiment in the desire to expand the boundaries of student self-government, as well as in socio-political discussions.
State-legal regulation of educational activity of Old Believers of the Perm province in the XIX — early XX century
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shishkina E. V.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the measures of the state-confessional policy of the Russian Empire in relation to the education of children of Old Believers in the 19th — early 20th centuries and their implementation in the Perm province. It is concluded that the religious policy of the state in relation to the education of the children of Old Believers was inconsistent and underwent all the fluctuations of the government course: from discriminatory measures in the second quarter of the 19th century until the softening of the policy of the authorities in the second half of the century. The conclusion is made about the ineffectiveness of prohibitive measures of the state in relation to teachers and schools of Old Believers, about a certain discrepancy in legislation and its application in the Perm province. The article provides data on the number of Old Believers’ students in various schools of the Perm province at the beginning of the 20th century, which indicates that only a small number of Old Believers preferred education in state educational institutions to traditional home education.
A new study of Cossack everyday life. Review of the book: Godovova E. V. The daily life of Russian Cossacks in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries / sci. ed. P. S. Kabytov. Saint Petersburg : Dmitry Bulanin Publ., 2020. 464 p
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Abdrakhmanov K. A.
Published: March 2021

The review article analyzes the monograph by E. V. Godovova, dedicated to the daily life of the Cossacks in the post-reform era. It is concluded that with all the richness of the historiography of the Russian pre-revolutionary Cossacks, this work is favorably distinguished from the list of other studies due to the meticulous reconstruction of various aspects of the daily life of the Cossacks. There is considerable work done by the author while consolidating diverse areas of everyday life under one cover. On the basis of numerous sources, the author managed to present a vivid picture of the military field life of the Cossacks, to show the ways of adapting them to hardships, and to highlight motivating factors for serving and participating in hostilities. Some suggestions were made about the information that could logically supplement the work under review.
An innovative low-cost personal protective equipment gown made by biomedical trash bags
Authors: Anupama Pandey  , Anita Singh  , Shivani Bajpai  , Kirti M Naranje  , Girish Gupta
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, gloves, face shields, goggles, facemasks and/or respirators, fall protection devices, personal warning devices, and full body suits, as well as the head, eye, and foot protection. The recent coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic has imposed the need of having low-cost production of PPE’s. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to create an indigenous, cost effective, easy to make PPE gown for temporary use in neonatal intensive care unit during the COVID pandemic crisis and to assess the ease and comfort of working in the indigenously produced PPE gown. Materials and Methods: The PPE gown was made using readily available material such as biomedical trash disposal bags, adhesive tapes, and stapler pins. We used the larger bags, which measured 100 cm × 55 cm. The bags were sealed at the base and open on the top. Each bag has folds on each side to increase its capacity when opened up. A structured questionnaire that included 10 questions with responses on the Likert scale used the ease of use of the PPE gown. Results: There were a total of 30 participants including doctors and paramedical staff. There was good internal consistency between the responses in questions (Cronbach alpha = 0.88). The mean and median age of study participants were 30.2 years and 30 years, respectively. The response for various questions ranged from 56% to 80% with an overall mean score of 64.56±10. Conclusion: A simple low-cost innovative PPE gown that can be made from a trash bag was found comfortable on preliminary testing.
Abnormal platelet count as a prognostic indicator in community-acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: Aditi Baruah  , Nibedita Paul
Published: March 2021

Background: Platelets play an important role in the host defense mechanism during bacterial infection, besides their hemostatic action. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out whether abnormal platelet count can be used as a prognostic indicator for the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children by determining the relationship of abnormal platelet count (high/low) with complications of pneumonia. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted with a total of 298 children of ages 2 months–5 years admitted with a complaint of pneumonia, between June 2015 and May 2016 into a tertiary care teaching hospital. Complications of pneumonia were identified. Platelet count, total leukocyte count (TLC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated. Time taken for recovery was calculated. Relationship of platelet count with different types of complications, time taken for recovery, TLC, and CRP were analyzed. Results: The male to female ratio was 1.6:1 and 85.9% of children belonged to 2–12 months of age. Complications of pneumonia were empyema (7.4%), septicemia/meningitis (11.4%), and shock (14.8%). Platelet count was normal in 68.1%, high in 8.05%, and low in 23.8% of cases. There was a significant relationship between abnormal platelet count and complications (p<0.001). Thrombocytosis was related to respiratory complications (p<0.001) and thrombocytopenia was related to systemic complications and mortality (p<0.001). Platelet count had a significant positive correlation with the time taken for recovery (r=0.14, p=0.03). Conclusion: Abnormal platelet count can be used as a bad prognostic indicator in CAP in children, as abnormal platelet count was found to be associated with adverse outcomes.
Usage-evaluation study on Vancomycin among hospitalized pediatric patients: Experience from two tertiary care centers of Eastern India
Authors: Some Suvra Bose  , Moutushi Das  , Tonmay Barai  , Subhajit Bhakta  , Abhijit Das  , Suhrita Paul
Published: March 2021

Background: Vancomycin is a highly effective bactericidal antibiotic with excellent efficacy against resistant Gram-positive microorganisms. It is losing its antimicrobial efficacy due to its rampant usage in Food and Drug Administration/Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention as well as off-label clinical uses. To stop its emerging resistance, judicious use of vancomycin following antibiotic stewardship is required. Aims: This study aims to examine the rationality of vancomycin use with respect to its adherence to Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee guidelines as well as its dosing, duration, adverse effects, and final outcome. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional hospital record-based study was conducted at two medical colleges of Eastern India from January 1, 2020, till June 30, 2020, incorporating all admitted newborns and children till 12 years’ age who received vancomycin for any clinical conditions. However, the patients with renal diseases or incomplete history were excluded from the study. Results: A cohort of 388 patients was included of which majority of them (41.2%) were in the age group of 2–12 years and males (56.9%). Sepsis (24.2%) and pneumonia (20.8%) were the most common indications for vancomycin prescription. Overall, appropriate usage of vancomycin was found in 57.2% of patients with maximum appropriate usage which was seen among neonates (64.5%). The areas of inappropriate usage were empirical therapy in febrile neutropenia, surgical prophylaxis, treatment of coagulase-negative Staphylococcal infection, and failure to withdraw vancomycin even after negative culture report for Gram-positive organisms. The final outcome in terms of clinical improvement was seen in 72.4% of patients irrespective of appropriate/inappropriate usage. Conclusion: Monitoring vancomycin usage should be followed in institutional practice to stop the emergence of resistance of vancomycin.
A Indústria Petroquímica e a Segurança do Trabalho
Authors: Justino Yasmin de Azevedo
Published: March 2021

A Segurança do Trabalho pode gerar impactos relevantes sobre as empresas, precisando ser estudada. Com a influência da Indústria Petroquímica sobre a economia e sociedade e, considerando seus dados relacionados a acidentes de trabalho, sua relação com a Segurança do Trabalho precisa ser considerada, estudada e compreendida para que seja possível a realização de ações de melhoria. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar dados da indústria petroquímica referentes a segurança do trabalho e a necessidade desse tipo de indústria em manter um bom sistema de gestão da segurança, para então responder qual é a relação histórica da indústria petroquímica com a segurança do trabalho, quais são os impactos sofridos pela falta de segurança e por que implementar um sistema de gestão de segurança nesse tipo de indústria. Para alcançar o objetivo exposto, foi utilizado a metodologia de análise bibliográfica a partir da verificação de definições e dados apresentados por autores da área da segurança do trabalho, saúde ocupacional e afins, traduzindo-se na demonstração da importância da implantação das boas práticas de gerenciamento para que haja mitigação dos impactos apresentados nas tabelas futuras da indústria estudada e melhora dos demais resultados a ela relacionados.
Effect of Partial Feed Deprivation on Serum Liver Enzymes’ Activities and Hepatic Histoarchitecture in Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish)
Authors: Sa’idu Aliyu Bashir , James Sambo Sohnap , Orakpoghenor Ochuko
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum liver enzymes’ activities and hepatic histoarchitecture in partially feed-deprived Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish). A total of forty-eight (48) active, live and apparently normal catfish randomly placed into two groups were used for this study. Fish in control group (labeled B) were fed with 4% of their body weight twice daily while fish in the feed-deprived group (labeled A) were fed with 25% of that quantity fed to the control group. Blood and liver samples were obtained at intervals of 7 days for 28 days for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and for histopathology respectively. Results revealed significantly higher (P < 0.05) values for ALT, AST and ALP in the feed-deprived group (A) compared to the control group (B). On histopathology, liver sections of feed-deprived fish showed lipid vacuolation and this became accentuated over the period and most prominent on day 28. The study has demonstrated that starvation in catfish produced liver damage reflected by increase in serum activities of these liver enzymes.
The Perception of Access in Sydney
Authors: Aoustin Louise , Levinson David Matthew
Published: March 2021

Based on a survey of 197 Sydneysiders, this study shows residents overestimated the attractiveness of the city centre compared to the entire metropolitan area, as well as the number of jobs they can reach from home. They also overestimated travel times compared to Google Maps, especially for travel times by car.
Validation of a simple HPLC method to quantify mycophenolic acid concentrations in human plasma
Authors: Nguyen Thuan Thi Minh , Tran Truong Huu
Published: March 2021

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolate sodium which are widely prescribed to prevent organ rejection after solid organ transplantations. However, MPA induced many side effects on gastrointestinal tract and haematological system.

The purpose of this study is to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine the MPA concentration in plasma in order to optimize the treatment efficacy of MPA or apply to bioequivalence studies. MPA and visnadine (as an internal standard) were extracted from plasma samples with methanol by solid phase extraction using Osis HLB 1cc cartridge. 10 μL of sample extract was injected onto LiChroCART®125-4 (C18 reversed-phase column) at 43 °C on a Waters 2695 XE system. The signals were detected by PDA detector (photodiodes array) at 254 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The validation criteria included: selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, lower limit of quantification.

Total chromatographic runtime was 15 min. MPA and visnadine were found at 6.45 and 10.79 min, respectively. MPA concentrations were in the linear range from 0.25 to 50 μg/mL. The coefficient of variation (CV) of mean intra-day and inter-day precision levels for MPA was less than 7.5%. The lower limit of quantification was 0.25 μg/mL. No interference was found in the assay.

A simple and reliable HPLC method was developed to quantify the MPA concentration in plasma.
Actinomycosis of bilateral psoas muscle: a case report
Authors: Bui Hoang Huu , Doan Thao Thi Phuong , Cao Tuan Ngoc , Dinh Tuong Trung , Nguyen Chuong Dinh
Published: March 2021

Actinomycosis is an underreported chronic invasive disease caused by Actinomyces spp. In that group of diseases, pelvic actinomycosis is very rare and most of the cases reported in the literature have shown unilateral psoas muscle involvement. We report a 35-year-old woman with a retroperitoneal mass located in the left psoas muscle that makes abdominal tenderness and difficulty in walking. She had a 7-year history of intrauterine device which had been removed one month just before this event. After undergoing two laparotomies to perform a biopsy with undetermined results, she developed a new mass in the right psoas muscle which was similar to the left one. On the third attempt, the histopathology revealed yellow sulfur granules of Actinomyces which reacted positively with periodic acid Schiff and Grocott’s dye. After three months of treatment with Amoxicillin plus Clavulanic acid, her abscesses were completely resolved. Actinomycosis should always be included in the diagnostic list in patients with a pelvic mass and a history of intrauterine device.
Healthcare associated pneumonia: An old concept at a hospital with high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Nguyen-Ho Lam , Hoang-Thai Duong , Le-Thuong Vu , Tran-Van Ngoc
Published: March 2021

One of several reasons that the concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) was dismissed was the same presence of multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) between community-acquired pneumonia and HCAP at countries with the low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, this finding could be unsuitable for countries with the high rates of AMR.

A prospective observational study was conducted at the respiratory department of Cho Ray hospital from September 2015 to April 2016. All adult patients suitable for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) with risk factor for healthcare-associated infection were included.

We found out 130 subjects. The median age was 71 years (interquartile range 57-81). The male/female ratio was 1.55:1. Prior hospitalization was the most common risk factor for healthcare-associated infection. There were 35 cases (26.9%) with culture-positive (sputum and/or bronchial lavage). Isolated bacteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9 cases), Escherichia coli (4 cases), Acinetobacter baumannii (6 cases), and Staphylococcus aureus (7 cases) with the characteristic of AMR similar to the bacterial spectrum associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia.

MDROs were detected frequently in CAP patients with risk factor for healthcare-associated infection at the hospital with the high prevalence of AMR. This requires the urgent need to evaluate risk factors for MDRO infection in community-onset pneumonia when the concept of HCAP is no longer used.
Теория стационарной самосогласованной Вселенной
Authors: Авшалумов Александр Шамаилович
Published: March 2021

С момента создания ОТО и последующих работ в космологии, вопрос о кривизне пространства во Вселенной - считается один из наиболее главных и дискутируемых по сей день. Это естественно, ведь от кривизны пространства зависит: расширяется Вселенная, сжимается или является статичной. Эти дискуссии, позволили автору выдвинуть парадоксальную идею: одновременного существования во Вселенной трех взаимосвязанных пространств-времен (положительной, отрицательной и нулевой кривизны) и, уже на этой основе, разработать теорию, в которой каждое пространство-время играет свою собственную роль и развивается в строгом соответствии, со своим знаком кривизны. Трех пространственно-временная модель строения Вселенной, предлагаемая автором, позволяет решить многие фундаментальные проблемы современной космологии и теоретической физики, а также создает основу для построения единой физической теории.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN AWAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 24 JAMBI
Authors: Tara Firman
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks berita antara siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan siswa yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional; (2) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks berita antara siswa berkemampuan awal tinggi  yang diajar menggunakan model kooperatif tipe STAD dengan yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional; (3) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks berita antara siswa berkemampuan awal rendah yang diajar menggunakan model kooperatif tipe STAD dengan yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional; dan (4) mendeskripsikan interaksi antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan kemampuan awal terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 24 Jambi.Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen factorial 2x2. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 24 yang terdiri atas 6 kelas.  Sampel penelitian adalah kelas VIIIA untuk kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah 40 siswa dan kelas VIIIB untuk kelas kontrol dengan jumlah 38 siswa. Penetapan sampel yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa diperoleh menggunakan tes unjuk kerja dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Anava dua arah.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD mempengaruhi kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa. Pengaruh tersebut dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut. Pertama, kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD lebih baik dari siswa yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Kedua, kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa berkemampuan awal tinggi yang diajar menggunakan model kooperatif tipe STAD lebih baik dari siswa yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Ketiga, kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa berkemampuan awal rendah yang diajar menggunakan model kooperatif tipe STAD lebih baik dari siswa yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Keempat, tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan kemampuan awal terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 24 Jambi.