bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSO and GSS algorithms are used to arrange DG optimally for voltage profile enhancement and loss reduction
Authors: Arun Kumar T. , Suryanarayana Reddy V. , Dhana Selvi P. , Krishnakanth B. , Sudeep G.
Published: July 2024

This project looks at the best locations for Distributed Generation (DG) units in power distribution networks to reduce system losses and simultaneously enhance voltage profiles. The suggested methodology makes use of a hybrid optimization approach that blends fuzzy logic with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Golden Section Search Algorithm (GSS). To evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the suggested method, the study focuses on the IEEE-15 bus and IEEE-69 bus systems as test cases. This project thoroughly evaluates the suggested methodology on the IEEE-15 bus and IEEE-69 bus systems in order to validate and assess it. Comparative research indicates that fuzzy logic hybrid PSO and GSS are better than classical optimization techniques. The results demonstrate a noticeable improvement in loss reduction and voltage profile improvement
Experimental Evaluation of Solar-Powered Desalination Ponds in Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Sengottaiyan M. , Inesh A. , Manokar R. , Manova Arputharaj R. , Vijayaragavan R.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine a desalination pond that is experimental in size and uses solar energy for its heating. The solar pond is the major components of a zero discharge desalinate progression (ZDDP), as shown below. The projected ZDDP may treat the sewage waste water produced by the petrochemical complex's purification unit, resulting in the productivity of both fresh water and salt. The solar desalination pond that was researched and utilized the evaporation distillation process. A solar desalination pond's primary function is that of a batch stage. The experiment results are presented after an introduction of the solar powered desalinate pond and the distillation procedure. The results prove that the proposed solar-powered pond can be realistically executed. The proposed solar-powered pond to a standard solar-powered pond in terms of the rate at which it gains distilled water were compared.
Sustainable Approaches for Recycling Solar Panel Materials: A Circular Economy Perspective
Authors: Yadav Ruchika , Kumar Singla Atul , Ghalwan Manish , Mahajan Shriya , Sharma Pooja , Chandra Mouli K. , Vyas Anjali , Karthikeyan R.
Published: July 2024

A record number of photovoltaic (PV) systems have been installed around the globe as a result of the shift towards renewable energy sources, especially solar electricity. But the problem of how to sustainably handle solar panels at the end of their lifecycle will inevitably arise with this increase. Using empirical data to provide light on important trends and consequences, this paper explores sustainable alternatives of recycling solar panel materials within the framework of a circular economy. The majority of solar panels are made of silicon, which accounts for 60% of their composition. Aluminum makes up 10%, glass is 20%, copper is 5%, plastic is 3%, and other materials make up 2%. The need for efficient waste management solutions became acute as yearly garbage output climbed from 1,000 tons to 1,250 tons during a five-year period. As far as recycling efficiency rates go, silicon was at 95%, then copper at 85%, glass at 90%, aluminum at 80%, plastics at 70%, and other materials at 60%. Plastics produced 700 tons, silicon 950 tons, aluminum 800 tons, copper 850 tons, glass 900 tons, and other materials 600 tons, all thanks to recycling efforts that overcame obstacles. Based on these results, it's clear that the solar energy industry needs more efficient use of resources and better recycling procedures. Solar energy may be ensured to remain a clean and sustainable source of energy for the long term by using technical advancements, regulatory assistance, and stakeholder engagement to speed the transition towards a circular economy model for solar panel materials.
How does using interactive electronic affect psychological well-being? An empirical investigation
Authors: Sharma Swati , Sharma Kavita
Published: July 2024

A large amount of study has been conducted on the harmful effects of excess digital gadget use on newborns and adults. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between adult usage of interacting electronic devices (which include laptops, cell phones, and electronic tablets) and (i) levels of depressive disorders, stress, anxiety, and feeling isolated, as well as (ii) the quality of communication between individuals. Three characteristics of interactive devices use were studied: the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) grade and the number of hours devoted to both professional and personal activities per day. The study included 265 adult volunteers who filled out an online survey to offer data on Mental and interpersonal relationship grades., as well as values for three forms of interactive electronics usage. The study's findings confirmed the hypothesis that higher IAT scores among participants were strongly associated with higher degrees of anxiousness, stress, isolation as well as lower relationship quality. There was no significant association found between psychological health, relationship quality, and the number of hours spent each day using interactive gadgets for business or enjoyment. The paper discusses the ramifications of interactive electronics.
Green Metropolis: Balancing Sustainable Energy Innovations and Authentic Urban Landscapes
Authors: Nursanty Eko , Cauba Jr Arturo G. , Rusmiatmoko Djudjun , Destiawan Wawan
Published: July 2024

As cities worldwide strive for sustainability, integrating advanced energy technologies poses challenges and opportunities for maintaining urban authenticity. This paper explores how modern sustainable energy solutions can be harmonized with urban landscapes' historical and cultural identities. It critically examines recent advancements in sustainable energy technologies, including solar, wind, and emerging options like geothermal and tidal power, and their implementation within the urban fabric. The paper evaluates how these technologies impact cities' visual, social, and economic aspects while aiming to preserve their unique characteristics and local authenticity. Through comparative analysis of diverse global cities that have successfully balanced technological integration with cultural preservation, this study identifies key strategies and challenges. It also proposes policy recommendations for urban planners and developers to consider sustainability that complements rather than compromises the historical and cultural essence of cities. The goal is to provide a framework for creating energy-efficient, sustainable cities that remain true to their authentic urban landscapes.
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Advanced Energy Storage Solutions: A Comparative Lifecycle Analysis
Authors: Mishra Mukul , Dutt Amit , Saini Neha , Kalia Akhilesh , Madan Praney , Srikanth T. , Talukdar Soumita
Published: July 2024

Biodiesel manufacturing from waste cooking oil has emerged as a potential alternative in the search of sustainable energy. This process helps mitigate environmental pollution and reduces reliance on fossil fuels. This research examines the catalytic efficiency of environmentally friendly catalysts in this process, with a specific emphasis on catalysts based on enzymes. It assesses their effectiveness in terms of the production of biodiesel, the rate of the chemical reactions, cost efficiency, and their influence on the environment. Experimental evidence demonstrates that enzyme-based catalysts have enhanced catalytic activity, leading to an average biodiesel production of 90%, outperforming traditional catalysts such as solid acids, bases, and heterogeneous metal catalysts. Moreover, enzyme catalysts exhibit enhanced reaction rates due to their unique enzymatic activity and gentle reaction conditions. The cost study shows that the manufacturing costs for enzyme catalysts are competitive, with an average total cost of $800, which is equivalent to traditional catalysts. Environmental impact evaluation emphasizes the sustainability of enzyme catalysts by demonstrating their lower energy consumption, waste production, and greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional alternatives. The results highlight the capacity of green catalysts, namely enzyme- based catalysts, to enhance sustainable biodiesel production methods, hence promoting a more eco-friendly and robust energy framework.
Mechanical stress during confined migration causes aberrant mitoses and c-MYC amplification
Authors: Bastianello Giulia , Kidiyoor Gururaj Rao , Lowndes Conor , Li Qingsen , Bonnal Raoul , Godwin Jeffrey , Iannelli Fabio , Drufuca Lorenzo , Bason Ramona , Orsenigo Fabrizio , Parazzoli Dario , Pavani Mattia , Cancila Valeria , Piccolo Stefano , Scita Giorgio , Ciliberto Andrea , Tripodo Claudio , Pagani Massimiliano , Foiani Marco
Published: July 2024

Confined cell migration hampers genome integrity and activates the ATR and ATM mechano-transduction pathways. We investigated whether the mechanical stress generated by metastatic interstitial migration contributes to the enhanced chromosomal instability observed in metastatic tumor cells. We employed live cell imaging, micro-fluidic approaches, and scRNA-seq to follow the fate of tumor cells experiencing confined migration. We found that, despite functional ATR, ATM, and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) pathways, tumor cells dividing across constriction frequently exhibited altered spindle pole organization, chromosome mis-segregations, micronuclei formation, chromosome fragility, high gene copy number variation, and transcriptional de-regulation and up-regulation of c-MYC oncogenic transcriptional signature via c-MYC locus amplifications. In vivo tumor settings showed that malignant cells populating metastatic foci or infiltrating the interstitial stroma gave rise to cells expressing high levels of c-MYC. Altogether, our data suggest that mechanical stress during metastatic migration contributes to override the checkpoint controls and boosts genotoxic and oncogenic events. Our findings may explain why cancer aneuploidy often does not correlate with mutations in SAC genes and why c-MYC amplification is strongly linked to metastatic tumors.
A new proof of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg and Sobolev inequalities: Heat semigroup approach
Authors: Ozawa Tohru , Takeuchi Taiki
Published: July 2024

We give a new proof of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg and Sobolev inequalities based on the heat semigroup. Concerning the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality, we simplify the previous proof by relying only on the

L
p

L^p

-

L
q

L^q

estimate of the heat semigroup. For the Sobolev inequality, we consider another approach by using the heat semigroup and the Hardy inequality.
Rare intercostal herniation of abdominal organs in COPD patient managed non-operatively
Authors: Abdelmaged Dalya M , Litton Thomas
Published: July 2024

Nontraumatic intercostal and intrathoracic herniation of intra-abdominal organs is rare and has been sparsely reported in the literature. They are defined as protrusion of intra-abdominal contents through defects in the chest wall. The cases reported in the literature mostly involved herniation of intra-abdominal contents and the lungs through the defect. In this case report, we describe a case of intra-abdominal contents herniation through an intercostal defect with subsequent improvement in patient’s respiratory status related to the hernia.
In silico analysis of Ffp1, an ancestral Porphyromonas spp. fimbrillin, shows differences with Fim and Mfa
Authors: Acuña-Amador Luis , Barloy-Hubler Frederique
Published: July 2024

Background. Scant information is available regarding fimbrillins within the genus Porphyromonas, with the notable exception of those belonging to Porphyromonas gingivalis, which have been extensively researched for several years. Besides fim and mfa, a third P. gingivalis adhesin called filament-forming protein 1 (Ffp1) has recently been described and seems to be pivotal for outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production.

Objective. We aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of type V fimbrillin, particularly Ffp1, in the genus Porphyromonas.

Methods. A bioinformatics phylogenomic analysis was conducted using all accessible Porphyromonas genomes to generate a domain search for fimbriae, using hidden Markov model profiles.

Results. Ffp1 was identified as the sole fimbrillin present in all analysed genomes. After manual verification (i.e. biocuration) of both structural and functional annotations and 3D modelling, this protein was determined to be a type V fimbrillin, with a closer structural resemblance to a Bacteroides ovatus fimbrillin than to FimA or Mfa1 from P. gingivalis.

Conclusion. It appears that Ffp1 is an ancestral fimbria, transmitted through vertical inheritance and present across all Porphyromonas species. Additional investigations are necessary to elucidate the biogenesis of Ffp1 fimbriae and their potential role in OMV production and niche adaptation.
Investigation of factors affecting the readiness for the adoption of sustainable building materials
Authors: Nguyen Minh Van , Duy Ha Khanh
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Adopting sustainable building materials (SBMs) is one way to reduce the negative environmental impacts of the built environment. However, the adoption of SBMs is not as high as expected. This study aims to investigate which factors affect the adoption of SBMs.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review and discussions with professional practitioners formed an initial list of variables affecting readiness to adopt SBMs. A questionnaire survey was designed, and data from industrial practitioners were collected using the snowball sampling method. The data collected from 218 respondents were analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique.

Findings

The findings show that SBM adoption is critically influenced by readiness at different levels (market, organization, and employee). Specifically, market readiness enhances organization preparedness (beta = 0.628), and organization readiness positively affects employee readiness (beta = 0.510). Market, organization, and employee readiness positively impact the adoption of SBMs (beta = 0.386, 0.364, and 0.158, respectively). Moreover, the relationship between market and employee readiness is fully mediated by organization readiness (indirect effect = 0.320; p = 0.000). Organization readiness positively mediates the relationship between market readiness and SBM adoption (indirect effect = 0.050; p = 0.001). The relationship between organization readiness and SBM adoption is fully mediated by employee readiness (indirect effect = 0.229; p = 0.000). Additionally, employee readiness positively mediates the relationship between market readiness and SBM adoption through organization readiness (indirect effect = 0.080; p = 0.000).

Originality/value

While past studies have predominantly focused on human perception, this study recognizes the importance of contextual factors like market conditions, Organization readiness, and employee readiness in shaping the adoption of SBMs. Thus, it fills a notable void in the literature and highlights the need for a broader theoretical framework that incorporates both individual perceptions and external contextual influences.
Antecedents of employee performance through perceived organizational support: a moderating role of job satisfaction among employees of SMEs in an emerging economy
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Sani , Adieza Adams , Arnaut Marina , Nuhu Muhammad Shaheer , Ali Waqas , Lawal Gwadabe Zainab
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The goal of this paper is to investigate the antecedent of employee performance (EP) through perceived organizational support (POS), as well as the moderating role of job satisfaction (JS) on the connection between POS and EP among employees of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Northwest Nigeria, using social exchange theory (SET) and organizational support theory (OST).

Design/methodology/approach

This research employed a survey design, using SMEs employees in Northwest Nigeria as the research unit of analysis. Purposive sampling was used in this research, with standardized questionnaires used to obtain data from 1750 employees of the targeted SMEs within the region. This study’s hypotheses were tested using partial least square–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The findings of this research stated that POS has a substantial effect on EP, while JS moderates the association between POS and EP.

Practical implications

The study offers practical insights for SMEs in Northwest Nigeria, aiding in resolving employee issues and providing actionable strategies for management. Understanding the dynamics of perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and employee performance enables proactive measures to improve organizational effectiveness, fostering a positive work environment and enhancing competitive edge.

Originality/value

This study innovates existing literature by exploring how perceived organizational support affects employee performance in small and medium-sized enterprises in an emerging economy. It introduces PLS-SEM, emphasizing job satisfaction’s pivotal role as a moderator. This provides valuable guidance for SMEs to boost employee performance and formulate effective HR strategies, advancing organizational behavior and management research.
Redeeming marriage? Bittersweet intimacy and the dialectics of liberation among Haredi Jews in London
Authors: Sheldon Ruth , Frosh Stephen , Vyrgioti Marita
Published: July 2024

This article intervenes in feminist anthropological debates about marriage within Western cosmopolitan, ‘post‐traditional’ contexts through a close ethnographic examination of food and ritualized meals among Haredi Jews in London. We focus on this diasporic religious Jewish minority, whose marital practices have been the object of debates over marriage, gender, and cultural difference in cosmopolitan London. Learning from ethnographic and conjugal instances of hunger around Haredi dining tables, we explore the broader question of how heterosexual marriages endure in the face of struggles for intimacy and freedom between different genders. By focusing on what can be learnt about marriage through mealtime rituals with religious significance, we develop a response rooted in a form of Jewish relational ethics that has been repressed within ‘Western’ liberal culture. This approach addresses some tenacious dualisms at play in the anthropology and politics of marriage and articulates a vernacular dialectical grammar of desire, tradition, freedom, and love.
A scoping review of early childhood support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with a disability in regional, rural and remote settings
Authors: D’Aprano Anita , McRae Kim , Dayton Suzanne , Lloyd‐Johnsen Catherine , Gilroy John
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Many experts and communities have concerns about how National Disability Insurance Scheme services are provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait children. This study was undertaken at the request of the NPY Women's Council in partnership with the researchers, to explore supports for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with a disability in their remote areas.

Objective

This scoping review aims to (a) explore the barriers and enablers to accessing disability support services for families of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (0–8 years) living in regional, rural and remote settings, and (b) summarise best practice approaches for accessing support for young children in these settings.

Design

The search was run in three electronic databases, as well as grey literature sources. We assessed the quality of included publications using the Centre of Research Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange tool. A narrative synthesis was supported by thematic analysis.

Findings

From an initial search (557 citations), we identified 13 eligible documents. Most documents were peer‐reviewed articles of qualitative studies. Key themes identified included the following: (1) Holistic approach, (2) Understanding disability, (3) Consistent relationships, (4), Flexibility, (5) Simplify system and (6) Enhance communication.

Discussion/Conclusion

This scoping review has revealed gaps in the provision of quality, culturally responsive disability services for families of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia. A family‐centred, flexible approach will help address their needs. Future research is required to design and evaluate models of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.
Adolescents' Negotiations of Loyalty and Fairness in Relation to Parents' Separation Process
Authors: Grape Lovise , Skoglund Jeanette , Haugen Gry Mette Dalseng , Thørnblad Renee
Published: July 2024

Research on children's experiences of parental separation highlights equality and fairness between parents as one explanation for why children wish for symmetrical time‐sharing between parents. In this paper, we analyse adolescents' narratives and ask how adolescents negotiate closeness and distance with their parents, with a specific emphasis on issues of loyalty when adolescents' views diverge from symmetry and fairness. Narratives from qualitative interviews with 11 Norwegian adolescents aged between 12 and 17 were analysed. Ideas from the theory of invisible loyalties were applied to analyse the interviews, resulting in two topics, namely, ‘Bookkeeping of parents’ fulfilled and failed obligations’ and ‘Negotiations of obligations between parents and adolescents’. According to the adolescents in this study, fairness does not necessarily mean equal time‐sharing. Fairness is subject to negotiation, and adolescents' loyalty to parents is justified by fulfilled and failed obligations.
Primitive governance
Authors: Gratvol Noga
Published: July 2024

Laws of nature are sometimes said to govern their instances. Spelling out what governance is, however, is an important task that has only recently received sustained philosophical attention. In the first part of this paper, I argue against the two prominent reductive views of governance—modal views and grounding views. Ruling out the promising candidates for reduction supports the claim that governance is sui generis. In the second part of this paper, I argue that governance is subject to a contingency requirement. Laws govern their instances only if those instances are metaphysically contingent. I end by defending the resulting account of governance from two potential objections.
Stratospheric air intrusions promote global-scale new particle formation
Authors: Zhang Jiaoshi , Gong Xianda , Crosbie Ewan , Diskin Glenn , Froyd Karl , Hall Samuel , Kupc Agnieszka , Moore Richard , Peischl Jeff , Rollins Andrew , Schwarz Joshua , Shook Michael , Thompson Chelsea , Ullmann Kirk , Williamson Christina , Wisthaler Armin , Xu Lu , Ziemba Luke , Brock Charles A. , Wang Jian
Published: July 2024

New particle formation in the free troposphere is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei globally. The prevailing view is that in the free troposphere, new particles are formed predominantly in convective cloud outflows. We present another mechanism using global observations. We find that during stratospheric air intrusion events, the mixing of descending ozone-rich stratospheric air with more moist free tropospheric background results in elevated hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations. Such mixing is most prevalent near the tropopause where the sulfur dioxide (SO
2
) mixing ratios are high. The combination of elevated SO
2
and OH levels leads to enhanced sulfuric acid concentrations, promoting particle formation. Such new particle formation occurs frequently and over large geographic regions, representing an important particle source in the midlatitude free troposphere.
Biologist returns after harassment suspension
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: July 2024

Bruce Blumberg’s graduate student reported fleeing harrowing conference trip in Spain
The Effects of College Education on Depressive Symptoms: An Instrument Variable Approach
Authors: Wang Yanshang , He Ping
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The acquisition of a college education is typically indicative of a resource advantage. However, in recent years, college graduates have faced increasing mental health related issues. The health advantages derived from this resource advantage have become increasingly less pronounced. This study aims to examine the effects of college education on depressive symptoms. Materials and Methods. We used data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), and combined this dataset with Chinese Education Examination Yearbook. We took advantage of variations in educational attainment, which was generated by college expansion policy, and adopted instrumental variables (IV) approach to identify the causal relationship. Results. Our findings indicated that college education did not have a causal effect on promoting mental health. The results were supported by the fact that they held within each subgroup. Notably, our limited evidence suggested that college expansion policy promoted equity in educational access. Conclusion. This study provided new and valuable evidence of education‐induced health inequalities from the top of the education distribution.
L1 Adaptive Fault‐Tolerant Attitude Tracking Control of UAV Systems Subject to Faults and Input Saturation
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liu Huiying , Guo Huijuan , Chen Yongjian
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates an adaptive fault‐tolerant control scheme for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) attitude control system in the presence of multiple faults, input saturation, and external disturbances. The attitude control system of a UAV is divided into an outer loop consisting of attitude angles and an inner loop consisting of attitude angle velocities. The nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) method based on sliding mode surface is used to construct the outer loop controller to ensure fast response and accurate attitude tracking. The treatment of the inner loop with multiple faults, input saturation, and external disturbances is more complex. First, input saturation and sensor faults are converted successively for ease of analysis. After the conversion and reorganization of such uncertainties including actuator faults, sensor faults, input saturation, and external disturbances, a nonlinear uncertain system model is developed. Second, a L1 neural network adaptive fault‐tolerant controller is designed to deal with uncertainties, where radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are applied to approximate the nonlinear function in the system model. The L1 adaptive fault‐tolerant controller includes three parts: state predictor, adaptive law, and control law. Adaptive laws based on the projection operator estimate and update the unknown parameters in the system and transfer them to the control law and the state predictor to compensate for the effects of uncertainties. The control law with a low‐pass filter also eliminates the high‐frequency oscillations caused by a high adaptive gain in conventional adaptive algorithms, which guarantee the robustness and fast self‐adaptation. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller.
Sustainable Develpoment Goals
Authors: Asio John Mark , Jayubo Vina C , Sabonsolin John Cavin M , Maming Jimmy Bernabe , Haider Sarder A , Aperocho Maico Demi B , Maravilla Wes Harven G , Jubril Bolaji , Sojinu Oluwaseun Samson
Published: July 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals appeal to all countries to take part or action regardless of status, from underdeveloped to developed countries, to foster success among nations and to be united in protecting our mother earth. It is essential to work together for the common good to build economic growth and focus on global social needs, including health, education, protection from society, employment advancements, and a sincere concern for protecting our planet to address climate change. This book presents a comprehensive composition of a multi-interdisciplinary research program that assesses possible and foreseen bearings of exertions toward achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education, nutrition, poverty, tourism, peace and justice, mental health, and Trust. It recognizes potential collaborations and commutation allied with hard work to achieve the goals towards SDGs and the goods and services that these sources can share. The contributions of the authors include an eye-opener on the reallife situation of how other factors affect the flow of sustainable development if there is a deficit in Trust, like in Africa. Another is the pathways to nurturing peace, justice, and strong institutions in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). One author talks about "The Balance and Conflict between Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability - A Focus on SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through the Asian Student Exchange Program (ASEP)". To sum it all up, this Book Chapter comprises the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) towards change, improvements, ways and means, and how Life can be different in the years to come.
A Practical Guide in Writing Research for Student
Authors: Corpuz Alma M
Published: July 2024

Research is the primary means of expanding our understanding of the world. It allows us to explore new ideas, test hypotheses, and discover new facts and principles. By conducting research, we can build upon existing knowledge and contribute to the development of various disciplines. In addition, research is instrumental in finding solutions to complex problems and challenges. Through systematic investigation and analysis, researchers can propose innovative ideas, technologies, and approaches that can lead to improvements in various aspects of human life, such as healthcare, technology, the environment, and more. However, many students find research writing to be challenging. Students' struggles are understandable because research is a demanding process that calls for an in-depth understanding of the subject under consideration, meticulous planning, designing, strategizing, and a lot of effort. Additionally, sufficient time and attention are needed for successful study conduct. This book will present a simplified guide to writing research that will help students in developing their proposals and in gathering, analyzing, and interpreting their data. The terminologies used are simple so that students will have a good grasp of the concepts and acquire research writing skills. It is my sincere wish that this book would make research for students much simpler and less difficult for them to complete. In addition, I hope that by publishing this book, more professionals and students would be interested in conducting research.
Sustainable Develpoment Goals Edition 2
Authors: Damte Felix Kofi , Cada Leonardo F , Kingston Jr. Carol Linda , Polinar Mark Anthony N , Ahundu Michael Orkuma
Published: July 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals appeal to all countries to take part or action regardless of status, from underdeveloped to developed countries, to foster success among nations and to be united in protecting our mother earth. It is essential to work together for the common good to build economic growth and focus on global social needs, including health, education, protection from society, employment advancements, and a sincere concern for protecting our planet to address climate change. This book presents a comprehensive composition of a multiinterdisciplinary research program that assesses possible and foreseen bearings of exertions toward achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education, nutrition, poverty, tourism, peace and justice, mental health, and Trust. It recognizes potential collaborations and commutation allied with hard work to achieve the goals towards SDGs and the goods and services that these sources can share. The contributions of the authors include an eye-opener on the reallife situation of how other factors affect the flow of sustainable development if there is a deficit in Trust, like in Africa. Another is the pathways to nurturing peace, justice, and strong institutions in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). One author talks about "The Balance and Conflict between Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability - A Focus on SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through the Asian Student Exchange Program (ASEP)". To sum it all up, this Book Chapter comprises the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) towards change, improvements, ways and means, and how Life can be different in the years to come.
Biosynthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava (L.) and Its Applications
Authors: Sengottaiyan Sarumathi , Selvaraj Karthik , Kaja Abdhul , Kandasamy Saravanan , Muthusamy Poonkothai , Chandran Geetha , Arunachalam Kalirajan , Ramaiah Mariselvam , Almoallim Hesham S. , Aljawdah Hossam M.
Published: July 2024

Psidium guajava, often known as beetroot guava, is a rare species of black guava with crimson pulp inside that is said to be highly nutritious in terms of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Numerous fields are already utilizing nanotechnology, a recent and exciting field of
study. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles with diameters smaller than 100 nm are known as titanium dioxide nanoparticles or ultra-fine titanium dioxide. Different solvents, including aqueous, DMSO, and Benzene were used to conduct the phytochemical investigation. It made secondary
metabolites obvious to be present. Using dry leaf powder that underwent Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were created. Utilizing a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field
Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and 3D profiling, the nanoparticles were characterized. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the peak at 428 nm which generated the presence of TiO2 NPs, XRD shows the peak range, FT-IR gives
the functional groups like aromatic, alcohol, and alkyl groups were present in the nanoparticles, FE-SEM analysis identified the nanoparticles as flake shape with 16.79 mm and EDAX analysis were carried out, showed the presence of elements in the synthesized nanoparticles. The 3D optical showed
the 3D atomic positions as 17 μm of nanoparticles. As a continuation, the nanoparticles were carried out for application studies like antibacterial activity using some pathogenic microorganisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus
aureus using different solvents. Among these, aqueous and DMSO extracts showed the maximum inhibitory effect. Both the leaf extract and the nanoparticles were tested for antioxidant activity. Aqueous leaves extract and NPs have 41% and 45% of scavenging activity and DMSO of both leaves
extract and NPs has 40% and 54% of scavenging activity and Benzene has 36% and 40% of scavenging activity. As a continuation, aqueous and DMSO have better scavenging percentages than benzene extract of P. guajava leaves and TiO2 NPs. The micronucleus test, lipid peroxidase
test, and cell viability test were done as part of toxicological investigations on zebrafish employing nanoparticles. According to the study, guava contains secondary metabolites, however, they are not hazardous to zebrafish.
Numerical Study of Phase Change Material Melting in a Thermal Finned Tubular Heat Exchanger
Authors: Jmal Imen , Driss Zied
Published: July 2024

Latent heat storage using Phase Change Materials (PCMs) is a promising solution to deal with the renewable energy fluctuation problem. The PCM modeling is based on the resolution of the energy equation. The solidification-melting process are resolved by the finite volume method by considering
the enthalpy formulation with a specific boundary and initials conditions. In the present application, a tubular exchange with five circular horizontal fins was considered. Our aims is to investigate the storage phenomena collected by the solar energy in the PCM. The numerical results highlight
the temperature evolution over the PCM Melting in exchange with the air circulation.
Recent Advances in Functionalized Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Ukirade Neeta , Kolhe Priti
Published: July 2024

Nanotechnology has a profound impact on various aspects of our daily lives, revolutionizing industries and enabling new technologies. Nanomaterials have become a very interesting and promising field of study because of their remarkable physical, chemical, and electrical characteristics
at the nanoscale. The development of electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterial indeed represents one of the most rapidly advancing scientific fields today, driven by the convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and materials science. The integration of receptor molecules with nanomaterial
characteristics for biomarker detection has resulted in the fabrication of biosensors with improved sensing capabilities. The development techniques of nanostructures and nanomaterials enable careful design of materials with specific characteristics for an extensive variety of industrial applications,
including energy, electronics, healthcare, and environmental technologies. Nanomaterials are revolutionizing electrochemical biosensor technology offering unique properties that enhance sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and performance. This review explores various types of nanomaterials, their
synthesis methods, functionalization strategies, and applications in sensor technologies as well as the difficulties and opportunities in this fascinating sector going forward. Electrochemical biosensor platforms represent transformative tools in healthcare, with diverse applications ranging
from early disease detection to personalized therapy monitoring. The primary aim of this review is to showcase the latest developments in the creation of biosensing and functional nanomaterial-based sensing systems for biomedical applications.
Enhancing drought tolerance in Malva parviflora plants through metabolic and genetic modulation using Beauveria bassiana inoculation
Authors: Abdelhameed Reda E. , Soliman Elham R. S. , Gahin Hanan , Metwally Rabab A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Enhancing crops’ drought resilience is necessary to maintain productivity levels. Plants interact synergistically with microorganisms like Beauveria bassiana to improve drought tolerance. Therefore, the current study investigates the effects of biopriming with B. bassiana on drought tolerance in Malva parviflora plants grown under regular irrigation (90% water holding capacity (WHC)), mild (60% WHC), and severe drought stress (30% WHC).

Results

The results showed that drought stress reduced the growth and physiological attributes of M. parviflora. However, those bioprimed with B. bassiana showed higher drought tolerance and enhanced growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters: drought stress enriched malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents. Conversely, exposure to B. bassiana reduced stress markers and significantly increased proline and ascorbic acid content under severe drought stress; it enhanced gibberellic acid and reduced ethylene. Bioprimed M. parviflora, under drought conditions, improved antioxidant enzymatic activity and the plant’s nutritional status. Besides, ten Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat primers detected a 25% genetic variation between treatments. Genomic DNA template stability (GTS) decreased slightly and was more noticeable in response to drought stress; however, for drought-stressed plants, biopriming with B. bassiana retained the GTS.

Conclusion

Under drought conditions, biopriming with B. bassiana enhanced Malva’s growth and nutritional value. This could attenuate photosynthetic alterations, up-regulate secondary metabolites, activate the antioxidant system, and maintain genome integrity.
The effects of monoculture and intercropping on photosynthesis performance correlated with growth of garlic and perennial ryegrass response to different heavy metals
Authors: Ali Imran , Hussain Javaid , Yanwisetpakdee Benjawan , Iqbal Irfana , Chen Xiaoming
Published: July 2024

Background

The potential of phytoremediation using garlic monoculture (MC) and intercropping (IC) system with perennial ryegrass to enhance the uptake of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) were investigated.

Results

Positive correlations were found between MC and IC systems, with varying biomass. Production of perennial ryegrass was affected differently depending on the type of toxic metal present in the soil. Root growth inhibition was more affected than shoot growth inhibition. The total biomass of shoot and root in IC was higher than MC, increasing approximately 3.7 and 2.9 fold compared to MC, attributed to advantages in root IC crop systems. Photosystem II efficiency showed less sensitivity to metal toxicity compared to the control, with a decrease between 10.07–12.03%. Among gas exchange parameters, only Cr significantly affected physiological responses by reducing transpiration by 69.24%, likely due to leaf chlorosis and necrosis.

Conclusion

This study exhibited the potential of garlic MC and IC with perennial ryegrass in phytoremediation. Although the different metals affect plant growth differently, IC showed advantages over MC in term biomass production.
Self-assembled nanoparticles of costunolide and glycyrrhizic acid for enhanced ulcerative colitis treatment
Authors: Fu Hao , Zheng Xiao , Xu Ke , Zhang Yuge , Wu Mengxia , Xu Min
Published: July 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent inflammatory condition that specifically targets the colon and rectum. Existing therapies fail to adequately address the clinical requirements of people suffering from this ailment. Despite the acknowledged potential of nanomedicines in the field of anti-inflammatory treatment, their widespread use in clinical settings is impeded by their expensive nature and the uncertainty surrounding their safety profiles. This study illustrates that two naturally occurring phytochemicals, Costunolide (COS) and Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), form carrier-free, multifunctional spherical nanoparticles (NPs) through noncovalent interactions, such as π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding. The COS-GA NPs displayed a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect, providing much more evidently improved therapeutic benefits for dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mice due to more effective reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress than did equal dosages of COS or GA used alone. In addition, COS-GA NPs have biocompatibility and biosafety properties unique to them. This study will serve as affirmation of the potential of COS-GA NPs as innovative natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and also such agents as drug discovery in UC, leading possibly to better outcomes in people living with this disabling condition.
Potential efficacy of digital polymerase chain reaction for non-invasive prenatal screening of autosomal aneuploidies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Parsaei Mohammadamin , Dashtkoohi Mohadese , Salmani Tayyeb Ali , Najafi Mohammad Sadeq , Haddadi Mohammad , Ghaemi Marjan , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh
Published: July 2024

Background

Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) presents a promising approach for quantifying DNA and analyzing copy number variants, particularly in non-invasive prenatal testing. This method offers a streamlined and time-efficient procedure in contrast to the widely used next-generation sequencing for non-invasive prenatal testing. Studies have reported encouraging results for dPCR in detecting fetal autosomal aneuploidies. Consequently, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dPCR in screening for trisomy 21, 18, and 13.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Embase for relevant articles published up to December 30, 2023. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was utilized for the quality assessment of the included articles. Furthermore, a bivariate random-effect regression model was used to conduct a meta-analysis on the utility of dPCR for trisomy 21 screening.

Results

A total of 9 articles were included in this review, with all of them assessing the utility of dPCR in trisomy 21 screening, and 2 and 1 studies conducting additional analysis on the screening abilities of dPCR for trisomy 18 and 13, respectively. A bivariate random-effects model calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-analysis of 6 studies comparing trisomy-21 screening with karyotyping demonstrated dPCR's pooled sensitivity of 98% [95% CI: 94 -100] and specificity of 99% [95% CI: 99 -100]. While conducting a meta-analysis for trisomy 13 and 18 proved impractical, reported values for sensitivity and specificity were favorable.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that dPCR holds promise as an effective tool for non-invasive prenatal testing, presenting a less time-consuming and intricate alternative to next-generation sequencing. However, further research is necessary to evaluate dPCR's applicability in clinical settings and to delineate its specific advantages over next-generation sequencing. This study contributes valuable insights into the potential of dPCR for enhancing prenatal screening methodologies.

Trial registration

The protocol of this study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 7/3/2024, with a registration code of CRD42024517523.
Associations between 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration and spontaneous abortion
Authors: Zhang Hongping , Ding Xingru , Hu Xianqing , Cai Yi-Xin , Chen Haiying , Sun Congcong , Chen Jingjing , Li Xiaoqing , Zheng Zhenzhen , Liao Tingting , Zhao Na , Zhong Mingchen , Fang Rujing , Huang Xiu-Feng , Zheng Jianqiong
Published: July 2024

Background

Spontaneous abortion is a common complication of pregnancy that can lead to adverse physical and psychological outcomes for women. Vitamin D is reported to be associated with reproductive functions, whereas its casual effects on abortion remains unclear.

Materials and methods

In this study, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to systematically assess the causal relationships between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and the risk of spontaneous abortion. GWAS summary data of 25(OH)D were used as exposure, and data of spontaneous abortion was considered as outcome. A retrospective study was additionally conducted to verify the MR results.

Results

MR estimates showed that a higher 25(OH)D level was potentially associated with decreased risk of spontaneous abortion (IVW, OR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.90–1.06; MR Egger, OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.84–1.05; Weighted median, OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.82–1.06; Weighted mode, OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.84–1.03), though the P-value was not statistically significant. The retrospective study also produced consistent result of Vitamin D’s protective role to spontaneous abortion. The P-value was very close to statistical significance (P = 0.053).

Conclusions

This study reports the potential protective role of serum 25(OH)D concentration to spontaneous abortion, suggesting that increased vitamin D levels may decrease the risk of abortion. Further larger prospective studies and/or even randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm causal relationship between vitamin D and abortion.