bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precision education via timely intervention in K-12 computer programming course to enhance programming skill and affective-domain learning objectives
Authors: Lee Hsin-Yu , Lin Chia-Ju , Wang Wei-Sheng , Chang Wei-Cyun , Huang Yueh-Min
Published: August 2023

Background

In the realm of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic (STEM) education, computer programming stands as a vital discipline, amalgamating cross-disciplinary knowledge and fostering the capacity to solve real-world problems via fundamental concepts and logical methodologies inherent to computer science. Recognizing the important of computer programming, numerous countries have mandated it as a compulsory course to augment the competitiveness of K-12 learners. Nevertheless, the inherent complexity of computer programming for K-12 learners often goes unacknowledged. Constraints imposed by the course format, coupled with a low instructor–learner ratio, frequently inhibit learners’ ability to resolve course-related issues promptly, thereby creating difficulties in the affective domain. While precision education tools do exist to ascertain learners’ needs, they are largely research-oriented, thereby constraining their suitability for deployment in pragmatic educational settings. Addressing this issue, our study introduces the precision education-based timely intervention system (PETIS), an innovative tool conceived to enhance both programming skills and affective learning in K-12 learners. Our research investigates the influence of PETIS on learners’ performance and evaluate its efficacy in facilitating computer programming education in K-12 environments.

Results

Quantitative results demonstrate that the application of the precision education-based timely intervention system (PETIS) proposed by this research significantly improves programming skills and affective-domain learning objectives for K-12 learners. Similarly, qualitative results indicate that PETIS is beneficial for both teaching and learning in K-12 computer programming courses.

Conclusions

These results not only confirm that timely intervention and feedback improve K-12 learners’ programming skills and affective-domain learning objectives in computer programming courses, but also yield implications as to the feasibility of applying precision education in real-world STEM scenarios.
Strangulated bowel obstruction caused by an ileo-ileal knot: a rare case report
Authors: Umetsu Satoko , Shibata Shigeru , Akasaka Harue , Tsutsumi Shinji , Uchida Chiaki , Ogasawara Hirokazu
Published: August 2023

Background

Intestinal knot formation is a condition wherein two segments of the intestine are knotted together; however, reports of small-intestinal ileo-ileal knot formation are rare.

Case presentation

The patient was a 62-year-old Asian male with a history of endoscopic colorectal adenoma resection and a spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient had no history of a laparotomy. He consulted his local doctor with the chief complaint of abdominal pain and was admitted to our hospital with suspicion of an acute abdomen. The abdomen had muscular guarding with tenderness and rebound tenderness. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed torsion of the mesentery of the small intestine with poor contrast filling. The patient was referred to our department with strangulated bowel obstruction and underwent an emergency laparotomy. Intraoperative findings revealed that two segments of the ileum were wrapped around each other to form a knot, and the strangulated small bowel was necrotic. After the release of the knot, partial resection of the small intestine was performed from 220 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz to 80 cm proximal to the cecum. The patient had a good postoperative course and was discharged on the 11th postoperative day.

Conclusion

Ileo-ileal knots should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis when treating strangulated bowel obstruction.
Impact of Overtraining on Cognitive Function in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Symons Isabella K. , Bruce Lyndell , Main Luana C.
Published: August 2023

Background

Endurance sports require significant training loads to elicit the desired training effects on an athlete’s body. However, if adequate recovery is not provided, overtraining may occur, with corresponding decrements in performance. As such, there is a need for measures that can be tracked, to monitor athlete adaptation to training loads, and provide early warning of possible maladaptation. The aim of this review was to determine if a relationship exists between overtraining and cognitive function in endurance athletes.

Methods

A systematic search of AMED, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and APA PsycINFO was conducted. Eligibility criteria included original peer reviewed research, written in English, published between January 2000 and May 2022, and using human participants. Of the 221 articles screened, a total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.

Results

The findings of the review suggest that there is a relationship between overtraining and cognitive function with all seven studies finding that cognitive performance declined in response to athletes becoming overreached or overtrained. These studies found that reaction time (as measured by Stroop colour test) increased in response to both overreaching and overtraining.

Conclusions

Cognitive function tests such as the Stroop Colour Test could be included as part of a broader programme for monitoring athlete adaptation to training.
Correlation between community participation, nutritional appetite and psychological distress among comorbid older persons
Authors: Khalaf Shimaa A. , Ahmed Gellan K. , Abdullah Saleh O. , Labieb Martha M.
Published: August 2023

Background

Poor appetite is a common problem among older people; it is known to contribute to weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, and increased mortality, which can affect their community participation and psychological status. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship between community participation, nutritional appetite, and psychological distress among comorbid older people. This cross-sectional study included 300 elderly people, of whom 100 participated in geriatric clubs and 200 did not. Older people assessment sheet, the Australian Community Participation Questionnaire, the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used.

Results

Majority of geriatric club members had high community participation, while half of the older people who were not members of the club had moderate community participation levels. Approximately 41.0% of the participants at geriatric clubs had no risk at this time for a nutritional decline, while less than three-quarters of those who are not geriatric club members need frequent appetite reassessment. A correlation was observed between community participation with appetite and psychological distress in those who attended geriatric clubs. Those who are not geriatric club members had correlation between appetite with community participation and psychological distress (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

Good appetite and psychological status are positively impacted by engaging in social activities among older people. Findings suggest that community programs, such as Meal on Wheels programs, and shared group activities can improve appetite and social interaction among older people.
The diversity of neurocysticercosis clinical manifestations in Bali, Indonesia: a case series
Authors: Pranajaya I. G. B. Aditya Adi , Suryapraba A. A. Ayu , Dewi Valentina Tjandra , Sudarmaja I Made , Swastika Kadek , Sudewi A. A. Raka , Susilawathi Ni Made
Published: August 2023

Background

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic disease of the nervous system caused by the larval form of Taenia solium which is started to be neglected despite its high prevalence in poor and developing countries. Neurocysticercosis has various clinical manifestations and radiological findings ranging from parenchymal to extra parenchymal location, thus can make it difficult to diagnose.

Case presentations

We report four cases of NCC with varying manifestations, including epilepsy, chronic headache, space-occupying lesions with increased intracranial pressure, and asymptomatic case. NCC diagnosis requires imaging studies with either a head CT-scan or head MRI. Management of NCC is based on the clinical manifestations extended from antiepileptic drugs, analgetics, and antiedema to surgery besides anti-parasitic albendazole.

Conclusions

This case series describes the clinical manifestations of NCC and the radiologic findings and treatment specifically related to parenchymal and extra-parenchymal lesions.
Recent advances of natural pigments from algae
Authors: Chen Zhengxin , Wu Weihao , Wen Yuxi , Zhang Lizhu , Wu Yanglin , Farid Muhammad Salman , El-Seedi Hesham R. , Capanoglu Esra , Zhao Chao
Published: August 2023

Pigment is an important food additive that plays a major role in the sensory impact of food. And natural sources, healthy and non-toxic edible pigments are receiving a lot of attention. Algae is an important source of natural pigments, and contain chlorophyll, phycoerythrin, carotene, and other natural pigments. Besides staining, the pigment also has powerful physiological activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and lipid-lowering. In this paper, three pigments in seaweed were reviewed, and their main structural properties and functions are presented, filling the gap in the review of pigments with seaweed as the main object of introduction. This review provides research basis for the development of new health foods, a new direction for the use of seaweed chlorophyll in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Graphical Abstract
Development and optimization of Ropinirole loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablets
Authors: Detholia Krunal , Mohandas Amrutha , Varia Umang , Jadeja Mukesh , Katariya Hitesh
Published: August 2023

Background

The present research work aims to develop a Ropinirole-loaded self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery system. Ropinirole has limited oral bioavailability due to substantial first-pass metabolism, which ultimately results in poor oral bioavailability and reduces plasma drug concentration and an overall reduction in therapeutic effects. Avoiding hepatic first-pass metabolism by increasing lymphatic uptake is the goal of the creation of the Ropinirole Self-NanoEmulsifying System. The solvent system for the liquid Self-NanoEmulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) was optimized using Box-Behnken Design, where the concentration of oil(X1), surfactant (X2), and co-surfactant(X3) were taken as independent variables. The formulated liquid SNEDDS were then converted into solid SNEDDS by the adsorption method for improving patient compliance.

Results

The obtained mean droplet size of the formulated SNEDDS was 96.71 nm, and the rate of emulsification was 22 s. Liquid SNEDDS was converted into solid SNEDDS using Syloid 244 FP as adsorbent. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study shows well-separated particles adsorbed on Syloid 244 FP. In vitro drug release studies show better release from solid and liquid SNEDDS when compared to pure suspension.

Conclusions

Ropinirole-loaded SNEDDS can be a better option for reducing the extensive first-pass metabolism associated with Ropinirole.
The influence of sustainable building of gated communities on the natural environment and the user: the case of Madinaty city
Authors: Alagamy Sherine Fathy
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, the world is facing a global issue as a result of the depletion of the environment’s natural resources. This is a consequence of conventional building techniques that exploit these resources without considering the negative consequences on the environment and the future. This is the reason why there is an urge to preserve these resources for the sake of future generations. Sustainability’s main aim is to preserve the environment’s natural resources, like water and energy, to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Based on this, the United Nations initiated a global trend to face this challenge through sustainable building. This paper investigates the positive impact of sustainable building on the environment and the users in order to provide a better quality of life. The case study investigates Madinaty city, which is a gated community situated to the east of Cairo city center. Initially, sustainability is analyzed based on global and local criteria, and its impact on the environment and user is evaluated. Based on the global assessment, the results show that Madinaty has succeeded in achieving sustainable design; however, some issues need to be improved such as housing affordability, availability of services, and preserving the cultural heritage. On the local level, all criteria are met except for the balance between supply and demand. When evaluating these results, it is concluded that Madinaty has succeeded in having a positive impact on the environment and the users, eventually providing a better quality of life.
Mathematical modeling of trypanosomiasis control strategies in communities where human, cattle and wildlife interact
Authors: Helikumi Mlyashimbi , Mushayabasa Steady
Published: August 2023

Spillover of trypanosomiasis parasites from wildlife to domestic livestock and humans remains a major challenge world over. With the disease targeted for elimination by 2030, assessing the impact of control strategies in communities where there are human-cattle-wildlife interactions is therefore essential. A compartmental framework incorporating tsetse flies, humans, cattle, wildlife and various disease control strategies is developed and analyzed. The reproduction is derived and its sensitivity to different model parameters is investigated. Meanwhile, the optimal control theory is used to identify a combination of control strategies capable of minimizing the infected human and cattle population over time at minimal costs of implementation. The results indicates that tsetse fly mortality rate is strongly and negatively correlated to the reproduction number. It is also established that tsetse fly feeding rate in strongly and positively correlated to the reproduction number. Simulation results indicates that time dependent control strategies can significantly reduce the infections. Overall, the study shows that screening and treatment of humans may not lead to disease elimination. Combining this strategy with other strategies such as screening and treatment of cattle and vector control strategies will result in maximum reduction of tsetse fly population and disease elimination.
Computational fluid dynamics-based prediction of aortic aneurysm rupture in a patient with chronic aortic dissection
Authors: Ikeno Yuki , Takayama Yoshishige , Matsueda Takashi , Miyoshi Maiko , Motoki Tatsuo , Kurushima Atsushi , Otani Takashi , Fukumura Yoshiaki
Published: August 2023

Background

The indication of additional aortic arch surgery for residual aortic dissection remains controversial as some patients experience aneurysm rupture at a smaller diameter of 55 mm.

Method

An 84-year-old woman, who underwent total arch replacement for chronic dissection, developed rupture of a residual aneurysm of with a diameter of 48 mm. Computational fluid dynamics simulated pressure and wall shear stress comparing pre- and post-total arch replacement.

Results

After total arch replacement, false lumen pressure in the distal aortic arch increased (pre, 138.5 mmHg; post, 148.2 mmHg). Wall shear stress also increased in the distal aortic arch (pre, 10.5 Pa; post, 16.9 Pa).

Conclusion

Computational fluid dynamics could retrospectively predict a significant postoperative increase in false lumen pressure and wall shear stress of chronic dissections after total arch replacement, potentially leading to aneurysm rupture.
Sexual health experiences of women and non-binary people with early psychosis: qualitative study
Authors: Barker Lucy C. , Vigod Simone N. , Hussain Zakia , France Julia , Rodriguez Ananka , Lubotzky-Gete Shakked , Berkhout Suze , Dmytryshyn Robert , Dunn Sheila , Gupta Renu , Hosseiny Fardous , Sirotich Frank , Soklaridis Sophie , Voineskos Aristotle , Zaheer Juveria
Published: August 2023

Background

Women and gender-diverse people with early psychosis are at risk for suboptimal sexual health outcomes, yet little research has explored their sexual health experiences.

Aims

This study explored sexual health experiences and related priorities among women and gender-diverse people with early psychosis, to identify opportunities for improvements in sexual health and well-being.

Method

Semi-structured individual qualitative interviews explored how patient participants (n = 19, aged 18–31 years, cisgender and transgender women and non-binary individuals) receiving clinical care from early psychosis programmes in Ontario, Canada, experienced their sexual health, including sexual function and behaviour. Thematic analysis was conducted, with triangulation from interviews/focus groups with clinicians (n = 36) who provide sexual and mental healthcare for this population.

Results

Three key themes were identified based on patient interviews: theme 1 was the impact of psychotic illness and its treatments on sexual function and activity, including variable changes in sex drive, attitudes and behaviours during acute psychosis, vulnerability to trauma and medications; theme 2 related to intimacy and sexual relationships in the context of psychosis, with bidirectional effects between relationships and mental health; and theme 3 comprised autonomy, identity and intersectional considerations, including gender, sexuality, culture and religion, which interplay with psychosis and sexual health. Clinicians raised each of these priority areas, but emphasised risk prevention relative to patients’ more holistic view of their sexual health and well-being.

Conclusions

Women and non-binary people with early psychosis have wide-ranging sexual health priorities, affecting many facets of their lives. Clinical care should incorporate this knowledge to optimise sexual health and well-being in this population.
Clinical practice guidelines on the use of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: systematic review
Authors: Mazzoleni Adele , Bhatia Shreya , Bantounou Maria A. , Kumar Niraj S. , Dzalto Monika , Soiza Roy L.
Published: August 2023

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed to improve symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but is not yet an established therapy.

Aims

To identify relevant guidelines and assess their recommendations for the use of DBS in OCD.

Method

Medline, Embase, American Psychiatric Association PsycInfo and Scopus were searched, as were websites of relevant societies and guideline development organisations. The review was based on the PRISMA recommendations, and the search strategy was verified by a medical librarian. The protocol was developed and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022353715). The guidelines were assessed for quality using the AGREE II instrument.

Results

Nine guidelines were identified. Three guidelines scored >80% on AGREE II. ‘Scope and Purpose’ and ‘Editorial Independence’ were the highest scoring domains, but ‘Applicability’ scores were low. Eight guidelines recommended that DBS is used after all other treatment options have failed to alleviate OCD symptoms. One guideline did not recommend DBS beyond a research setting. Only one guideline performed a cost-effectiveness analysis; the other eight did not provide details on safe or effective DBS protocols.

Conclusion

Despite a very limited evidence base, eight of the nine identified guidelines supported the use of DBS for OCD as a last line of therapy; however, multiple aspects of DBS provision were not addressed.
Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) K2 clinical manifestation-A literature review
Authors: Kamrun S. , Sultana T. , Faruki F. A. , Goddu S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There has been an increase in the use of new psychoactive substances containing synthetic cannabinoids in recent years. It is also known as K2, spice, or fake weed, and these are popular as recreational drugs [Kourouni I et al. JAMA NetW Open 2020 Jul; 1;3(7): e208516]. CB1 agonists in SCs mimic the effects of cannabis, making users feel happy and relaxed. However, recreational SCs may result in unwanted severe consequences such as acute anxiety and psychosis [Gunderson EW et al. AM J Addict 2012 Jul-Aug; 21(4): 320-6]. Relative to tetra-hydro cannabinol (THC), synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are more potent and efficacious agonists and may exert deleterious effects on health [Gunderson EW et al. AM J Addict 2012 Jul-Aug; 21(4): 320-6].

Objectives

Our aim of this review is to focus on the typical presentation of SCs use and help clinicians to better understand and be more vigilant about K2 manifestations

Methods

In conducting the literature review, only English language articles were selected from PubMed and PubMed Central (PMC) databases through August 14, 2022, using the search term “Synthetic cannabinoids k2 clinical manifestation”. Three reviewers conducted the initial review of the titles and abstracts of the electronic search, followed by detailed assessments of the relevant studies. Peer-reviewed Case series, case reports, and systematic review studies were included that met the inclusion criteria (articles in the English language, studies on humans, studies on synthetic cannabinoids (SC) or K2 use and its clinical manifestations.

Results

Electronic search results showed a total of 60 articles. Fifty articles were excluded based on title review (36 articles), abstract review (4 articles), and full article review (10 articles). Case series on 30 ICU patients (SC intoxication) showed agitation 33%, bizarre behavior, coma 33%, seizure 20%, Acute respiratory failure 60%, Tracheal intubation 70%, Rhabdomyolysis 26%, Invasive mechanical ventilation 40%, Acute kidney injury 26% and cardiotoxic effect [Kourouni I et al. JAMA NetW Open 2020 Jul; 1; 3(7): e208516]. Cross-sectional study on 50 male cases showed altered perception 68%, including auditory and visual hallucination, dizziness and loss of consciousness, palpitation 76%, chest pain 12%, panic attack, and convulsion [Abdelmoneim WM et al. Middle East Current Psychiatry 2022; 29 (1): 24]. Literature reviews has shown the common psychiatric presentations of SC are acute anxiety, agitation, psychosis, paranoia, disorientation, alteration of mood and perception, hallucination, and delusion [Debruyne D et al. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2015 Oct 20; 6:113-29, Radhakrishnan R et al. Front Psychiatry 2014 May 22;5:54].

Conclusions

There are limited research related to synthetic cannabinoids in human. Based on our review, SC intoxication can be life-threatening besides psychiatric manifestation. Therefore, clinicians must understand the vast clinical manifestations of SCs.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Cannabis and cannabinoids for mental health indications: evidence of effect and adverse events
Authors: Bramness J. G.
Published: August 2023

Cannabis and cannabinoids have been marketed and sold for a variety of different psychiatric conditions like e.g., anxiety, sleep problems, ADHD, PTSD, and even psychosis. Some of these indications may be reasonable, but for some a more conservative approach should be upheld. There are quite a few open studies and case reports on effects, while larger blinded RCTs either fail to find these effects or are lacking. The lecture aims at presenting the most recent evidence for the use of cannabis and cannabinoids for psychiatric indications, alongside a presentation of adverse effects.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Psychiatric disorders in teleoperators : A series of 27 cases
Authors: Ghenim A. , Brahim D. , Mechergui N. , Belkahla A. , Ernez S. , Bahri G. , Ayed W. , Youssef I. , Ladhari N.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

By its nature, the activity of teleoperators seems to be a propitious environment for the development of psychosocial disorders, sometimes severe

Objectives

To study the frequency of psychiatric disorders among teleoperators and their impact on medical fitness for work

Methods

This is a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study. We examined the files of teleoperators who were referred to the occupational medicine department of Charles Nicolle between 2014 and 2022 for a medical opinion of aptitude

Results

A total of 82 cases were identified, 27 of which had psychological complaints. A clear female predominance was noted (21). The average age was 38.22+-6.536 years. All the patients were telephonists at the call-taking station with an average professional seniority of 9.3+-3.395 years. The symptoms noted were: sad mood (19), irritability (15), anxiety (10), sleep disorders (8), loss of vital impetus (8), neurovegetative signs (6), psychomotor slowing (5), concentration and memory disorders (3). Only one patient had suicidal thoughts. Symptoms had been evolving for an average of 34.32+-34.527 months. Psychiatric follow-up was noted in 16 patients. The diagnoses retained were: anxiety and depressive disorder (19), adjustment disorder (4), panic disorder (2), obsessive-compulsive disorder (1), and a satisfactory state of health (1). In some cases, the evolution was marked by complications: addiction(1), tonic stuttering with phobic disorder(1) and speech disorder(1). The prescribed treatments were: an antidepressant(2), an antidepressant-anxiety combination(8) and psychotropic drugs(2). Concerning the ability to work, 21 patients required an eviction from call taking (definitive (9) or temporary for 3 months (7) or 6 months (5) with re-evaluation of the medical ability to work at the end of this period), 1patient had an eviction from night work and an other had a reduction of the working hours.

Conclusions

Teleoperators are exposed to several risks which can affect both their mental and physical health and put their medical fitness for work at risk.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Identification of anxiety-depressive disorders in paramedics working shift work
Authors: Brahim D. , Mechergui N. , Youssef I. , Ayed W. , Mersni M. , Ernez S. , Ladhari N.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Shift work can lead to mental health problems evolving into real anxiety disorders with significant socio-professional repercussions.

Objectives

The purpose of our work was to screen paramedics with shift work for anxiety disorders.

Methods

Cross-sectional study carried out among the paramedical staff of a Tunisian university hospital. The data was collected from a pre-established record sheet. Screening for anxiety-depressive disorders was done using the HAD scale

Results

The study included 158 paramedics. The average age was 36.48 years with female predominance at 70.9%. The average working time was 11.1 8.9 years and the average working time in shift work was 10.27 9.2 years. Of the 13 departments with non-standard hours of work, the main departments represented were resuscitation (n=24; 15.2%), emergencies (n=18; 11.4%) and radiology (n=17; 10.8%). Nurses accounted for 46.2%, manual workers for 23.4% and senior technicians for 19%.Certain anxiety symptomatology was found in 53.2% (n=84) and doubtful symptomatology in 29.1% (n=46) of the general population. Certain depressive symptomatology was noted in 17.1% (n=27) and doubtful symptomatology in 30.4% (n=48) of the general population. Occupational seniority and seniority in shift work were statistically significantly associated with both anxiety (p=0.04/p=0.05) and depression (p=0.05/p=0.006) symptomatology. ). Similarly, this anxiety-depressive symptomatology was associated with the position occupied (p=0.02 / p=0.04) and the assignment department (p=0.008 / p=0.01).

Conclusions

Anxiety-depressive disorders are common among paramedics working shift work in hospitals. Screening consultations in occupational medicine are necessary to detect these disorders early.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Translation and validation of Greek version of the Pandemic Grief Scale
Authors: Kitsou K. S. , Bakola M. , Kalogirou C. , Aggelakou-Vaitsi S. , Vaitsis N. , Argyropoulos K. , Kampouraki M. , Gkatsi E. , Tsolaki K. , Vakas M. , Theochari A. , Mavridou K. , Siali M. , Karatzeni S. , Chalkidou M. , Karagianni V. , Kioses N. , Gourzis P. , Jelastopulu E.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Those who have lost loved ones to COVID-19 may be considered at risk of complicated grief. A 5-item mental health screening tool called the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) was developed to find likely instances of dysfunctional grief during the pandemic.

Objectives

To develop a Greek version of PGS and to explore the validity and reliability among the general population in Greece in order to further use it as clinical mental health screener.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study between January and April 2022, and 342 persons were recruited. The questionnaire included socio-demographic parameters, the PGS, the Brief Resilience Coping Scale to capture tendencies to cope with stress and the Athens Insomnia Scale to assess the insomnia symptoms. Based on experiences over the previous two weeks, each PGS item is scored on a 4-point scale, from 0 (not at all) to 3 (almost every day), with higher rating and a cut-off of 7 indicating dysfunctional grief. Prior to the psychometric validation a linguistic validation and adaptation in Greek was performed.

Results

A total of 342 patients participated in the study, 67.8 % were females and 27.8% were 18-30 years old. Coefficient Validity Ratio (CVR) results showed that 100% (n = 5) of items were acceptable. Value of Cronbach’s alpha was found 0.848. A one-factor model was conducted by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), giving acceptable global fit indices. The resulting global fit indices [Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.037, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.952, Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI)= 0.903] showed that the 5 items in one-factor solution proposed by the primary researchers shouldn’t be rejected for the Greek version. The Bartlett Test of Sphericity was 758.08 (p <0.001). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was 0.826, showing that the data is suitable for factor analysis. The one-factor solution derived in our study consisted of 5 items. The total explained variance was 64.3 %.

Conclusions

The findings of this research support the PGS psychometric validity and reliability. PGS is suitable to be used in healthcare to identify and assist individuals, who are experiencing this type of pandemic-related dysfunctional grief as it is a screening tool that it’s simple to use, access, and understand.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Investigating the effectiveness of incorporating a stepped care approach into electronically delivered CBT for depression
Authors: Alavi N. , Omrani M. , Jagayat J. , Shirazi A. , Kumar A. , Pannu A. , Shao Y.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Depression is a leading cause of disability, annually affecting up to 300 million people worldwide, yet fewer than one third of patients receive care. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression, but there are barriers to access therapy. Electronic CBT (e-CBT) can address these barriers, but the digital format may reduce personalization and patient compliance. A balanced, hybrid model (i.e., combination of e-CBT & supervised care) could make therapy scalable and effective through a stepped-care model: a care model that begins treatment with the least resource intensive, yet effective, method while slowly ‘stepping up’ to intensive care based on patients’ needs.

Objectives

-To examine the efficacy of a stepped-care e-CBT model for depression through reduction in depressive symptoms.

-To develop a decision-making process that can effectively allocate the appropriate level of care for each patient.

Methods

This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomized to either the e-CBT group (n = 53) or the e-CBT with stepped care group (n = 26). Both groups received a 12/13-weeks e-CBT program tailored to depression. The e-CBT program was provided through a secure online mental health clinic called the Online Psychotherapy Tool (OPTT). Participants read through the sessions and completed assignments related to each session. Each participant was designated a care provider who was a trained research assistant. Participants in the experimental group received extra interventions based on their standard questionnaire scores, and textual data.

Results

Figure 1: The average PHQ-9 (A), QLESQ (B), and QIDS (C) scores pre-, mid-, and post- treatment for the e-CBT only (n = 53) and stepped care groups (n = 26).

* Depressive symptoms: PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) & QIDS (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology)

* Quality of Life Measure: QLESQ (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form)

Image:

Conclusions

Stepped care model can be reliable and effective method of delivering targeted care to future patients. Using this approach, the amount of care each patient receives is tailored to their needs, allowing for more efficient usage of scarce resources. This would also lower the general cost of care for each patient. By understanding the therapeutic needs of each patient, we can use these results to develop objective interventions and efficient algorithms to triage individuals. This technique could scale up care capacity without sacrificing the quality of care for each patient.

Disclosure of Interest

N. Alavi Shareolder of: OPTT inc, M. Omrani Shareolder of: OPTT inc, J. Jagayat: None Declared, A. Shirazi: None Declared, A. Kumar: None Declared, A. Pannu: None Declared, Y. Shao: None Declared
Peripersonal space plasticity, Self-disorders and intersubjectivity in patients with
early-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia
Authors: Lucarini V. , Magnani F. , Giustozzi F. , Volpe R. , Ferroni F. , Ardizzi M. , Fascendini N. , Amorosi S. , Rasmi F. , Marchesi C. , Gallese V. , Tonna M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

In schizophrenia, there is evidence for anomalies in the extension and plasticity of
the peripersonal space (PPS), the portion of space surrounding our body, plastically shaped
through motor experiences. An impaired multisensory integration at the PPS level would
underpin the disembodiment, a core feature of the disorder linked to subjective perturbations
of the sense of self (“Self-disorders”) and of the intersubjective dimension (“schizophrenic
autism”).

Objectives

The present study was aimed at: 1) exploring possible associations between PPS data,
psychopathological dimensions, and subjective experiences in schizophrenia; 2) identifying a
specific PPS profile in patients with early-onset schizophrenia.

Methods

A motor training with a tool was used to assess the PPS size and boundaries
demarcation in twenty-seven schizophrenia outpatients. Moreover, they underwent a thorough
psychopathological evaluation with the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the
Examination of Anomalous Self Experience scale (EASE) and the Autism Rating Scale (ARS).
Subsequently, the sample was divided into early (EOS) and adult-onset (AOS) subgroups, that
were compared with respect to their PPS and psychopathological profiles.

Results

PPS features (size and boundaries demarcation) were associated with PANSS negative
score, subjective experiences of existential reorientation (EASE Domain 5 scores) and traits
of schizophrenic autism (ARS scores; Fig. 1). PPS parameters (Fig. 2) and ARS scores, but not
PANSS and EASE differentiated between early and adult-onset subgroups.

Image:

Image 2:

Conclusions

Our results suggest a link between PPS patterns, negative symptoms, and disturbances
of the subjective experience, particularly in the intersubjective domain, in schizophrenia.
Moreover, they candidate specific PPS profiles and schizophrenic autism traits as EOS
markers.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders in patients with residual schizophrenia
Authors: Mitikhin V. , Oshevsky D. , Alieva L.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Studies show that patients diagnosed with residual schizophrenia are characterized by cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders that increase with age. They can be the main barrier to treatment, psychosocial rehabilitation, and cause disability.

Objectives

To identify cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders in patients with residual schizophrenia.

Methods

The BACS and the abbreviated MMPI test were used; 20 patients with residual schizophrenia (ICD-10 F.20.5xx) receiving outpatient treatment (mean age 59.65±14.24 years) were examined. Exclusion criterion: scores more 4 on at least one parameter of positive symptoms according to the PANSS.

Results

Patients with residual schizophrenia show an overall decline in cognitive function (BACS composite score = 31.56±14.24) compared with healthy individuals, as well as compared with patients suffering from other forms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The greatest deficiency was revealed in the speed of information processing (subtests “Symbol Coding”=28.01±10.06; “Verbal Fluency”=37.56±11.57) and auditory-speech memory (subtest “Verbal Memory”=33.25±6 .02). These parameters showed significant associations (r=0.56 at p≤0.01) with the disability of such patients. However, this deficit could be compensated by the relative preservation of planning processes and executive functioning (subtest “Tower of London” = 14.91±4.57). Among the emotional and volitional disorders, the most important is the subjective feeling of low mood and paranoid tendencies (MMPI scales “Dp” = 56.38±10.74T, “Pa” = 59.06±14.49T), which can reduce the compliance of patients with residual schizophrenia.

Conclusions

Methods for leveling cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders should to include in programs of psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with residual schizophrenia.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Electrophysiological changes between patients with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: An event-related potential study
Authors: Shim S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Suicide is recognized as a social problem and the interest in preventive measures to diminish suicide risk is constantly increasing. But scientific research results that distinguish between those who have only suicidal ideation (SI) and those who have a history of Suicidal attempts (SA) are limited. Inhibitory control is regarded as an important ability related to the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts. In event-related potential, patients with dysfunction of inhibitory control demonstrate a reduction in the no-go amplitude.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the association between the no-go event-related potential component and suicidal behaviors among suicide attempters and ideators who never attempted suicide.

Methods

Overall, 150 patients who visited the emergency room by suicide attempts or patients who visited the psychiatric department with suicidal ideation were recruited and instructed to perform a go/no-go task during electroencephalography recording. The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, and Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale were used. Individuals were divided into two groups: those with suicidal attempts (SA group) and with suicidal ideation (SI group) without SA. The psychological characteristics and event-related potentials of the two groups were compared. Correlation analyses were conducted to test the association between the clinical characteristics and event-related potentials.

Results

The SA group had significantly decreased no-go P3 amplitudes at all electrodes compared to the SI group. In the correlation analysis between the clinical measurements and event-related potentials in all the participants, no-go P3 amplitudes in whole electrode sites were negatively correlated with the scores of the acquired capability for the suicide scale.

Conclusions

This study revealed that suicide attempters have dysfunction in controlling inhibition compared to suicide ideators reflected in the no-go P3. Our findings suggested that no-go P3 can be a biomarker associated suicide attempts in suicide ideators.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Managing the risk of suicide in a psychiatry clinic: an ethnographic study on the work atmosphere of nurses during the pandemic period
Authors: Öztürk S. , Hİçdurmaz D. , Soileau M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

It is known that the restrictions and clinical changes experienced during the pandemic period have negative effects on the care and treatment of psychiatric patients. However, insights on how the pandemic environment and the approaches of healthcare professionals serving during the pandemic affect the care and treatment of patients at risk of suicide are insufficient.

Objectives

This ethnographic study aimed to identify the approaches of psychiatric nurses in managing suicide risk during the pandemic period in relation with their work environment.

Methods

This ethnographic research design used a sample of 13 psychiatric nurses in a psychiatric clinic in Ankara. Data were collected with in-depth interviews, participant observations and observant participations. Data were obtained from a total of 612 hours of observation and 13 planned nurse interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.

Results

The emergent main theme from data analysis is explained under the title of “The risk of loss of inauthenticity in suicide risk management”. “Risk of loss of inauthenticity” means the fact that the individual suicidal risk factors and differences of the patients cannot be perceived/assessed by the nurses.

Conclusions

Supposing all patients having the same suicide risk level by psychiatric nurses caused insensitivity to risky patients in the care process. Nurses’ inadequate approach to patient personality disorder and limited social interactions due to the pandemic atmosphere made it difficult for nurses to have knowledge and understanding of how patients cope with suicidal ideations. These findings show the importance of the use of valid and reliable scales with risk formulations and the significance of triage in crisis periods such as current pandemic. In addition, creating available online consultancy service alternatives may have an important role in the management of suicide risk for patients who are disturbed by long-term hospitalization. Also these findings may contribute to the creation of qualified care and treatment guidelines on suicide risk management for crisis periods.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Antenatal depression, obstetric outcomes, and post-partum depression: results from a longitudinal, real-world study
Authors: Di Vincenzo M. , Ferrandino M. , Sollo V. , Landolfi L. , Mancuso E. , Di Cerbo A. , Sampogna G. , Luciano M. , Fiorillo A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Changes in physiological and hormonal balance occurring during pregnancy and post-partum period can have relevant implications on woman’s mental health. Up to 65% of pregnant women experience depressed mood, low self-esteem, cognitive impairment, fatigue, loss of appetite as well as suicidal ideation. Anxiety and depressive symptoms have been described as impactful on the newborn’s health at the time of delivery. Despite this, few evidence exist on this topic.

Objectives

The present paper aimed at assessing: 1) prevalence and risk factors of antenatal depression (AD); 2) the impact of AD on adverse obstetric outcomes and the onset of post-partum depression.

Methods

Pregnant outpatients attending the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in Naples were asked to complete the Italian version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item self-reported questionnaire developed as screening tool of postnatal depression up to one year after delivery. Sociodemographic, clinical and gestational information was collected at baseline.

Results

A total of 268 pregnant women were recruited: 9.7% of them already suffered from depressive disorders and 22% from anxiety. EPDS mean total score was ≥10 in 36.2% of cases (97 out of 268). The presence of AD was longitudinally associated to a lower gestational age at the time of delivery and a higher 1 and 5 minutes APGAR scores. Moreover, AD was associated to a higher incidence of labor induction and the need of intensive care for the new-born. Finally, in our sample AD constituted a stable risk factor for EPDS scores within three days, one month and six months after delivery.

Conclusions

The presence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy should deserve a higher clinical attention by health professionals, given the correlations with adverse obstetric outcomes and post-partum mental health. Training programmes should be encouraged and digital psychiatry could represent a strategy to monitor pregnant women at risk.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The central role of perceived control for reducing anxiety among mothers of NICU hospitalized preterm babies
Authors: Kestler-Peleg M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Mothers of preterm babies that were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), might react with anxiety due to the extremely challenging circumstances. From maternal point of view, after a sudden, high-risk and traumatic birth that has recently occurred, their fragile preterm babies are in an intimidating medical environment, separated from them and are at high-risk of morbidity and mortality. Those circumstances, accompanied by great uncertainty, provoke perceptions of control such as locus of control and maternal self-efficacy, which are both known as central in evoking anxiety.

Objectives

The proposed presentation examines the mediating effect of maternal self-efficacy in the association between locus of control and anxiety, among mothers of hospitalized babies in the NICU, above and beyond gestational age and mothers’ socio-economic status.

Methods

The participants in the present study were 128 Israeli mothers of 208 NICU hospitalized preterm babies. They completed self-report questionnaires regarding their background variables, internal locus of control, maternal self-efficacy, and anxiety.

Results

The analysis showed that while gestational age and mothers’ socio-economic status were controlled, internal locus of control had a significant and positive effect on maternal self-efficacy, and that maternal self-efficacy had a significant and negative effect on mothers’ anxiety. Finally, the direct negative effect of internal locus of control on anxiety decreased with the inclusion of maternal self-efficacy. Altogether, the model explains 26.2% of the variance in maternal anxiety.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the central role of senses of control in reducing the levels of anxiety experienced by mothers while their preterm babies are NICU hospitalized. fessionals’ interventions with preterm mothers should focus on supporting and encouraging perceptions of internal control as well as promote positive self-perception regarding their ability to succeed in mothers’ tasks. Higher internal perception of control will lead to higher maternal confidence in their ability to perform as mother, which in turn will reduce their anxiety levels. These outcomes may potentially benefit not only the preterm mothers themselves, but also their babies through higher levels of maternal engagement and responsibility as well as through better maternal functioning and subjective well-being. These will impact infants in the short and long run, in terms of physical, cognitive and emotional development.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared