bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Shams ur , Sohaib Muhammad , Aleem Saima , Rehman Khalid
Published: December 2024

Objective: To determine the impact of leishmaniasis on the quality of life of patients visiting the district headquarter hospital in District Khyber, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted in District Headquarter Hospital of Khyber District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from November 2019 to April 2020. In this study, 349 participants who consented were included by using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A validated questionnaire “Dermatology Life Quality Index” (DLQI) was used for data collection. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for mean scores comparison.
Results: The mean DLQI score of cutaneous leishmania patients was 11.83 ± 3.94. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients experienced a huge impact on their quality of life. The highest effect was observed for symptoms and feelings while the least impact was for the treatment. Statistically, no significant difference in mean DLQI score was found for gender, age, marital status, lesion activity, lesion appearance, and treatment history (p > 0.05). However, statistically, a significant difference was observed for the education, occupation, lesion location, and lesion type (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: CL had a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life and mental health. Further research is required to assess the impact of the treatment on QOL in CL patients. and for a better understanding of the issue and its mechanistic basis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9186
How to cite this: Shams ur Rehman, Sohaib M, Aleem S, Rehman K. Quality of life in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):157-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9186
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF LARVAE IN MUSCLES AND SOME PERIPHERAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GALLUS GALLUS IN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH TRICHINELLA PSEUDOSPIRALIS
Authors: Zhdanova Olga B. , Chasovskikh Olga V.
Published: December 2024

Background. Poultry meat, the main host of the capsule-free species, is the most popular among the population. The consumer willingly buys both meat of chickens, laying hens, ducks, turkeys and geese, and hog game. However, to date there are no specific indications for the procedure for diagnosing poultry meat for trichinosis. In this regard, the scientific novelty of this study was the clarification of the groups of affected muscles during the experimental invasion of Gallus gallus, since the main danger to humans is the absence of characteristic clinical signs of trichinosis in birds.
The aim of the study was to study the distribution of larvae in the muscles and some indicators of peripheral blood of birds during experimental infection with Trichinella pseudospiralis.
Materials and methods. The birds of the experimental group were weighed and T. pseudospiralis larvae isolate was injected into the tooth at a dose of 2 lich./ g of body weight (3600±400 larvae per bird). T. pseudospiralis larvae used for experimental infection of poultry were originally isolated from the muscle tissue of poultry, and were maintained on laboratory animals. In order to determine the distribution of larvae in the muscles of T. pseudospiralis poultry, 6 chickens of the experimental group were euthanized 3,5-4 months after experimental infection. The birds were removed from the experiment in accordance with the "Rules for carrying out work using experimental animals" and in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board). The objects of the study were microscopized at magnification x 20 and x 80, with the production of photographs (Vision Bio, 2014). The data obtained were processed using standard MS Excel and Statgraphics software packages.
Research results. The average of the intensity of the invasion was 1570±340 l/g of muscles from muscle samples of the studied groups. The indicators of red blood for 30 weeks changed slightly were at the lower limit of the physiological norm. During the study of compression trichinelloscopy of 72 sections, it was found that the largest numbers of larvae were found in the muscles of the head and tongue, less in the muscles of the neck and lower leg, no larvae were found in the chest muscles during this infection.
Conclusion. In conclusion, it should be noted that currently trichinelloscopic control should be standardized in the agro-industrial complex. It is necessary to examine the muscles of the head and neck of birds, which in our studies were most heavily invaded by trichinella, and pay special attention to the edges of the sample sections.
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF LEAVES OF ACER NEGUNDO L. POPULATIONS IN THE ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT OF THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS (REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA)
Authors: Ednich Evgenia M. , Chernyavskaya Irina V. , Tolstikova Tatyana N. , Khagur Mariet N. , Aliev Marat V.
Published: December 2024

Background. The morphological structure variability of plant leaves gives an idea of plant adaptation. Understanding the adaptive strategies of invasive species, including Аcer negundo L. based on morphological mechanisms of adaptation in the altitude gradient is relevant for predicting of A. negundo behavior in the floodplain forests of Adygea and will be a basis for further study of A. negundo invasiveness in the North-West Caucasus.
Purpose. Identification of the morphological parameters variability of the leaf of Аcer negundo L. populations in the altitudinal gradient of the North-West Caucasus (The Republic of Adygea).
Materials and methods. Four populations of the invasive species A. negundo, growing in the Republic of Adygea territory (North-West Caucasus) at a height of 120 to 600 metres above sea level were the research material. Morphological features of the leaf (maximum length of the leaf blade, maximum width, angle between the central and lateral vein of the upper leaf) were measured with a caliper with an accuracy of ± 0.01 mm and a protractor with an accuracy of 1°; leaf thickness – by a Turgoromer-1 device with a measuring head of the TN10-60T system; leaf area calculation – using algorithms in Python 3.1. Statistical analysis of the morphological features variability was performed by means of descriptive statistics methods, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, variance and cluster analysis and linear regression with the programming language Python 3.11.1.
Results. Intrapopulation variability of morphological parameters of the four populations leaf of A. negundo in the altitudinal gradient of the North-West Caucasus (Republic of Adygea) at a height of 120 to 600 metres above sea level was at medium and high levels.
The interpopulation variability of morphological features of A. negundo (maximum length, width of the leaf blade, index of the leaf blade and fluctuating asymmetry) had a weak influence of the altitudinal gradient. Of all the natural and climatic factors, the morphological features of the A. negundo leaf are considerably influenced by altitude and precipitation, which is confirmed by the results of linear regression. The morphological differences of the populations most strongly differing in altitude and precipitation were confirmed by the method of principal components and cluster analysis.
Conclusion. The higher variability of traits for populations of A. negundo in different environmental conditions determined by the altitudinal gradient can be considered as a manifestation of adaptive morphogenesis, that indicates the high ecological plasticity of A. negundo and the ability to withstand the influence of changing environmental factors.
PRODUCTIVITY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF AGROCENOSES IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF FOREST STRIPS
Authors: Ruleva Olga V. , Novikov Alexey A. , Kazieva Zulfiya M.
Published: December 2024

Background. An effective way to optimize the functioning of agricultural landscapes is the application of the principles of protective afforestation. Forest strips have a multi-criteria positive effect on arable land through the formation of favorable growing conditions, which are necessary to obtain high yields of agricultural plants. Long-term scientific research confirms the positive role of protective forest belts in a number of indicators of the agricultural sphere. However, the study of the influence of forest strips on the work of photosynthetic potential has not yet received due attention, which determined the relevance of the study.
Purpose. To study the reclamation effect of protective forest strips of different designs on the formation of elements of the photosynthetic apparatus of ultra-early potato varieties.
Materials and methods. The objects of the study were five ultra-early varieties (Jewel, Colombo, Riviera, Arizona, Carmen) potatoes growing in the adjacent territories with two and twelve row forest strips located in the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions. The studies were carried out at sites located at a distance from forest plantations equal to the height of the plantation itself (H) -2.5N, 5H, 10H, 15H, 20H, 30H (control) in dynamics according to the phases of development of potato agrocenoses.
Results. Under the reclamation influence of forest strips, regardless of the row and design, the greatest increase in leaf area values during the growing season is observed than in the control. The maximum leaf index index for all potato varieties was observed in the potato flowering phase at an altitude of 5H, and there was also an advance in the rate of formation of the assimilating surface and the intensity of photosynthesis in the zone of influence of forest strips. Mathematical analysis confirms a high degree of correlation between the leaf area, assimilating surface and photosynthetic activity of potato agrocenoses of all varieties and the distance from forest strips. The correlation coefficient was R= 0.91-0.97.
Conclusion. The long-term data obtained confirm the positive effect of forest strips on the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of potato agrocenoses.
Strategy-Proofness Made Simpler
Authors: Katuščák Peter , Kittsteiner Thomas
Published: December 2024

There is evidence that many people do not report their types truthfully in strategy-proof mechanisms. One of the leading explanations is mechanism complexity. We propose a novel way of describing any strategy-proof mechanism with the aim to reduce the ensuing cognitive load on players and, hence, to increase truthful reporting. The description highlights that a player is guaranteed to obtain a most preferred feasible allocation based on her reported type and that feasibility depends only on the other players’ reports. Optimality of truthful reporting should therefore become more “apparent.” We experimentally test this prediction using the top trading cycles mechanism for matching applicants to positions. The proposed description increases truth-telling. This increase positively interacts with subject numeracy.

This paper was accepted by Dorothea Kübler, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02531 .
Mangrove land cover changes in North Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia analyzed using Landsat 8 images
Authors: WIDIASTUTI TRI , ASTIANI DWI , ROSLINDA EMI , EKYASTUTI WIWIK , EKAMAWANTI HANNA ARTUTI
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Widiastuti T, Astiani D, Roslinda E, Ekyastuti W, Ekamawanti HA. 2024. Mangrove land cover changes in North Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia analyzed using Landsat 8 images. Biodiversitas 25: 3160-3167. North Singkawang District, located within Singkawang City in West Kalimantan Province, is a coastal area with significant potential for mangrove forests. Recently, the district has experienced considerable land use changes, including the conversion of land for settlements, fish ponds, agricultural purposes, and coastal abrasion at various locations. To support the sustainability of mangrove forests, it is crucial to gather data on the area and distribution of these forests. This study aimed to investigate changes in the area and distribution of mangrove forests within this district. A survey method was employed for this investigation. Mangrove vegetation was assessed using visual interpretation of Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS images from 2016, 2019, and 2022. The Geographic Information System (GIS) application, specifically ArcGIS 10.8 software, was utilized to create maps and analyze land cover changes. The total area of mangrove forest was 514.95 hectares. Land cover in the North Singkawang mangrove forest area, in 2016, 2019, and 2022, consisted of mangrove forests, community crop areas, fish ponds, and open fields. Between 2016 and 2019, open fields (45.81 hectares) and community crop areas (9.84 hectares) were converted into mangrove forests through reforestation. During the same period, deforestation occurred as natural mangrove forests were converted into community crop areas (36.49 hectares), and open fields were transformed into community crop areas (0.03 hectares). From 2019 to 2022, community crop areas (6.93 hectares) were converted into mangrove forests, while deforestation resulted in the conversion of mangrove forests to open fields (15.37 hectares). From 2016 to 2022, mangrove forest cover increased by 10.72 hectares, community crop areas expanded by 19.74 hectares, the area of fish ponds remained unchanged, and open fields decreased by 30.46 hectares. The increase in mangrove forest cover was attributed to natural regrowth and reforestation activities, while the reduction in mangrove forests was primarily driven by anthropogenic activities, particularly the conversion of mangrove forests for crop production.
Growth rate and survival of hard coral Acropora sp. in turbid waters of the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: PARENDEN DEDI , RANI CHAIR , JOMPA JAMALUDDIN , RENEMA WILLEM , TUHUMENA JEREMIAS RUMALA
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Parenden D, Rani C, Jompa J, Renema W, Tuhumena JR. 2024. Growth rate and survival of hard coral Acropora sp. in turbid waters of the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3208-3216. Coral reef recovery is often done by utilizing coral reproduction or coral transplantation. The aim of this study was to observe the rate of coral growth, coral survival in turbid waters, and its relationship to environmental parameters. The method used is spider webs with coral fragments. The results of hard coral restoration research of the genus Acropora in turbid waters using web spider transplantation media showed that the growth rate of Acropora donei Veron & Wallace, 1984 and Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) in length was faster than in width. In contrast, Acropora muricate Linnaeus, 1758 corals grew in height and width equally. The observation from the three research stations revealed the growth rate is better at station three than at other stations. Coral survival of A. donei ranged from 69-86%, A. muricata ranged from 71-77%, and A. millepora ranged from 75-83%. Environmental parameters that characterize station 1 are high nitrate and phosphate, and station 2 is temperature, power of hydrogen (pH), low salinity, and high total dissolved solid. Station 3 was characterized by low chlorophyll, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen parameters. The biplot graph revealed that it is suspected that turbidity and total suspended solid are parameters that characterize the three research stations. Based on the regression analysis results, it can be seen that the water turbidity parameter does not significantly affect coral growth with p>0.05.
Bird community structure and host plant in Sukamade Resort, Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ROHMAN ABDU , WAHYUDI DICKY , SUBCHAN WACHJU , JUMADIAWAN JUMADIAWAN
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Rohman A, Wahyudi D, Subchan W, Jumadiawan. 2024. Bird community structure and host plant in Sukamade Resort, Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3295-3308. Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP), East Java, Indonesia, is classified as a conservation area. Management of Biological Natural Resources (MBNR) refers to bird communities in a habitat. Damage to biological natural resources causes a high threat of bird vulnerability and extinction. Birds play a crucial role as indicators of the environment. This research aimed to determine the community structure of birds and host plants at the Sukamade resort. We recorded 49 bird species and 21 host plants. We are actively identifying location points according to habitat variations. Resort offices have the highest diversity (H ' = 2.774). The jungle track has the highest bird evenness index (E = 0.754). Parang Kulon has the highest dominance index (D = 0.162). Pycnonotus goiavier (pg) had the highest abundance found at each location. Pavo muticus (pm) is a protected species according to Indonesian national law. A total of 21 plants were documented as the dominant vegetation. Our research revealed that Ficus benjamina (FB) had the highest frequency of visits by pollinators, and the prevailing avian behavior observed was perching. The presence of Haliaeetus leucogaster (hl) nesting on Artocarpus elasticus (AE) trees was documented. Meanwhile, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that four bird species, namely Merops leschenaulti (ml), Rhyticeros undulatus (ru), P. goiavier (pg), Pycnonotus simplex (ps), Anthracoceros albirostris (aa)) were correlated with two host plant species (A. elasticus (AE) and Albizia chinensis (AC)). Our results demonstrate a significant link between the presence of birds and host plants, underscoring their integral role in the ecology.
Species composition, stand structure, and carbon stock in the agroforestry system of Wana Lestari Community Forestry, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: AKDAH RAHMA DWI , WIJAYANTO NURHENI , HARTOYO ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Akdah RD, Wijayanto N, Hartoyo APP. 2024. Species composition, stand structure, and carbon stock in the agroforestry system of Wana Lestari Community Forestry, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3350-3358. Climate change is characterized by shifting climate patterns that result in erratic weather phenomena. One of the major consequences of climate change is the reduction in biodiversity and the increased concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily carbon. Agroforestry systems (AF) have emerged as a potential solution to mitigate these effects by conversing biodiversity and enhancing carbon stocks. This study aims to analyze the species composition and structure of tree stands and estimate the carbon stock in the AF of the community forest (HKm). The methods used employed included vegetation analysis, stand structure measurement using the Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator (SExI-FS), and carbon stock estimation using allometric equations and destructive approaches for seedlings and understory levels. A total of 25 plots, each measuring 20×20 m, were used for data collection. The results show that the species composition in HKm Wana Lestari consists of 63 plant species from 40 families. The highest importance value index (IVI) was recorded for durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) at the pole growth level (90.34%), while coffee (Coffea robusta L.Linden) emerged as the dominant species within the agroforestry system. The diversity index (H') ranged from 0.40 to 2.29, indicating a medium category of diversity. The stand structure did not follow the expected "J" curve pattern. The total biomass and carbon stock across all growth levels were found to be 228.35 and 107.22 tons/ha, respectively. In conclusion, the agroforestry system in HKm Wana Lestari demonstrates notable species diversity and carbon storage potential, although its stand structure deviates from the ideal "J" curve, suggesting opportunities for further forest management improvements.
Economic value of forest ecosystems in the Nipa-Nipa Grand Forest Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: KASIM SAFRIL , ASTUTI TRI , AGARWAL ABHISHEK , HASDDIN HASDDIN , FARIKI LA , SULISTIYONO NURDIN , RUSTAM LA ODE , ASIZAH NUR , SARANANI FAJAR , AHMAD AHMAD
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Kasim S, Astuti T, Agarwal A, Hasddin, Fariki L, Sulistiyono N, Rustam LO, Asizah N, Saranani F, Ahmad. 2024. Economic value of forest ecosystems in the Nipa-Nipa Grand Forest Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4292-4303. The economic value of ecosystem services is crucial for development planning that prioritizes the sustainability of natural resources. Research aimed at determining the economic value of forest ecosystems is very important. The total economic value of this ecosystem is based on the number of tourist visits, utilization of water resources, and carbon absorption. The research was conducted in the Nipa-Nipa Grand Forest Park, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research sample was 150 visitors selected using incidental techniques. The main data of the research used surveys and field measurements supported by secondary data. The TEV equation calculates the total economic value of forest ecosystem services. The monetary value of water resource environmental services is based on Household Water Value (NART), EWTP, and TWTP. The value of water resources for agricultural irrigation is calculated using the Water Value for Rice Agricultural Irrigation (NAUT) equation. The carbon absorption value is determined using the Carbon Uptake Value (CAV) equation. The total economic value of environmental services based on the number of visits, utilization of water resources, and carbon absorption capacity is IDR 186,742,287,967 per year or USD 11,694,269.91 per year. This value is equivalent to 40% of the GRDP of the forestry business sector in Southeast Sulawesi Province. Theoretically, this further emphasizes the importance of environmental services in the economy and human survival. Further research should focus on calculating the value of carbon absorption according to vegetation type and carbon stock to see the balance curve.
Experimental demonstration of visually locating the terminal for an underwater wireless optical communication system based on the spatial distribution characteristics of guiding lights
Authors: Lou Qitian , Lou Yixuan , Han Biao , Wang Zibo , Li Bili , Zhu Yunzhou , Kang Yiongqiang
Published: December 2024

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a useful way to transmit a large volume of data in the ocean. In application, because light travels in a straight line, the two devices in the UWOC system should point to each other to establish an optical transmission link first. To make this process easier, it is helpful to carry at least one of these kinds of devices on an underwater robot. Then, such mobile terminal could actively adjust its orientation and position according to the cooperation one it located. Obviously, the locating method is quite crucial, which could be solved with visual navigation, if the communication distance is short and the water is quite clear. In this method, a camera is installed on the mobile terminal, while several light emitting diodes (LEDs) are in the cooperation one as guiding lights. In the image of a camera, by capturing the pattern formed of guiding light spots, the relative position and orientation between terminals could be calculated. However, in a UWOC system, visual navigation is interfered by the UWOC transmitter, because it could form an additional light spot in the camera’s image. In this work, a UWOC-compatible visual locating method is presented, in which the installation positions of guiding lights form a convex polygon and a UWOC transmitter is inside of it. Then, guiding lights and the UWOC transmitter could be distinguished by their spatial distribution characteristics in the images. Based on such principle, the scheme of visual navigation in a UWOC system is shown, whose performance is experimentally demonstrated in a pool. The results show that light spots in the images that are formed by guiding lights could be recognized effectively, when a UWOC transmitter exists. While the distance between terminals is within 370 cm, the estimation error is no more than 1.70 cm. When the yaw angle is within 10°, the estimation error is no more than 1.84°. It is accurate enough for most UWOC applications. The method presented in this paper is simple, pragmatic, and useful, which could be a candidate to establish UWOC links in a short distance.
Preparation and performance study of a Tm3+-doped silica optical fiber by sol-coating and laser drawing technology
Authors: Luo Rui , Xu Jingyu , Yang Chengrui , Zhang Liaolin , Xiao Shen
Published: December 2024

High-concentration Tm3+-doped silica optical fibers have significant application value in areas such as single-frequency lasers. This paper investigates the sol-coating in the silica capillaries process and CO2 laser drawing technology and successfully fabricates a Tm3+-doped single-mode silica optical fiber. The core composition adopts a Tm-La-Al-Si system; the Tm3+ doping concentration is 0.5 mol%; the core and cladding diameters are 5 and 130 µm, respectively; and the numerical aperture (NA) is 0.28. A laser seed source with a wavelength of 1940 nm is established, and the laser gain characteristics of the optical fiber are tested. The small-signal net gain coefficient at the wavelength of 1940 nm is measured to be 0.15 dB/cm. The sol-coating method employed in this study enhances the doping concentration of Tm ions, while the laser drawing technique mitigates ion diffusion effects. The results indicate that this Tm3+-doped silica fiber preparation method offers a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for manufacturing high-concentration doped silica fibers and holds significant reference value for related research fields.
Short-wave infrared imaging spectrometer based on a tandem acousto-optical tunable filter
Authors: Balandin Ivan A. , Sharikova Milana O. , Batshev Vladislav I. , Varnavskaya Diana V. , Kozlov Aleksey B.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. This study focuses on methods for
designing optical schemes for acousto-optical (AO)
hyperspectral devices tailored for applied problems.
Aim of study. The objective is to
develop a hyperspectral device incorporating a tandem AO tunable
filter for the 0.85–1.6 µm spectral range. Method. The optical system of the hyperspectral device was
designed using Zemax, supported by an original software module. The
simulation outcomes were experimentally verified. Main results. A short-wave infrared hyperspectral device was
designed and manufactured. The device employs an InGaAs sensor and
uses tandem AO filtration to enhance both spatial and spectral
resolution. With an afocal optical system at the entrance, the device
offers an angular field of view of 8×12∘. It enables the acquisition of
spectral images from objects located at distances of 1 m or greater,
delivering a spatial resolution of approximately 200×150 resolvable elements within its field
of view. The spectral bandwidth is 12 nm at a wavelength of 1.06 µm.
Practical significance. Although
primarily developed for agricultural applications, the hyperspectral
device is versatile and can be applied in other fields, such as remote
sensing, biomedical diagnostics, and non-destructive testing of
technical objects.
Development of a prototype for an acousto-optical stereoscopic imaging spectrometer
Authors: Batshev Vladislav I. , Kananykhin Oleg A. , Pozhar Vitold E. , Martyanov Pavel S.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. A device for stereoscopic visualization
of objects in various spectral regions is studied. Aim of study. A prototype stereoscopic
spectrometer based on a tunable acousto-optical filter is developed.
Method. An ingenious symmetric design so
that a single acousto-optical cell can act as a filter for two light
beams (stereo pairs) is used to separate the beams in the azimuthal
plane. Main results. The prototype was
assembled on an experimental test bench using the following
components: an acousto-optical filter, an optical train based on
prisms and lenses, and a video camera with an objective lens. Several
images of test objects were obtained to demonstrate the spectral
sensitivity of the device. Practical
significance. The stereo spectrometer prototype developed
here, which is capable of simultaneously obtaining spatial and
spectral information about an object, may be applicable to various
problems in machine vision, including those involving a non-laboratory
environment.
Optical method for non-contact quality control of axicons
Authors: Nosov Pavel A. , Morozov Anton I. , Machikhin Alexander S.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. The study is focused on conical refractive axicons. Aim of study. The aim was to develop an easy-to-implement technique for inspecting axicons and verifying their geometrical parameters. Method. The intensity distribution of a Bessel beam was obtained using a lens projection system, and the resulting data were analyzed using digital image processing methods. Main results. A technique for geometrical characterization of axicons used in Bessel beam formation was developed and validated. Practical significance. The proposed technique for axicon characterization is straightforward to implement and allows the rapid determination of geometrical parameters and defect detection.
Electromagnetic Asymmetry, Quantum Conductivity and Optical Magnetism for Nonlinear Plasmonics
Authors: Lei Dangyuan
Published: December 2024

In general, symmetric plasmonic nanocavities, such as a pair of two closely spaced metal nanospheres of the same size and constituting material, support only symmetry-allowed bright modes under light illumination. Breaking the cavity symmetry introduces mode hybridization between its bright and dark modes, leading to new plasmon modes like Fano resonance and bound states in the continuum.
Modelling Purcell effect mediated by metasurfaces with spectral parameters
Authors: Tse Joshua Tin Yau , Murai Shunsuke , Tanaka Katsuhisa
Published: December 2024

Empirically measuring the Purcell factor, which represents the maximum enhancement to spontaneous emission in an optical cavity, is straightforward as the photoluminescence enhancement (PLE) can be determined directly by comparing the luminescence intensity with and without the cavity. However, predicting the Purcell factor have been proven to be tricky. In particular, the effective modal volume is difficult to analyze empirically, especially for non-Hermitian systems which includes open resonators and systems with dissipative materials [1].
Plasmon nanofocusing vs plasmon resonance: Which generates the strongest near-field light?
Authors: Li Tongyao , Schirato Andrea , Zaccaria Remo Proietti , Verma Prabhat , Umakoshi Takayuki
Published: December 2024

Strongly localized and enhanced near-field light generated near plasmonic nanostructures has been widely applied in various fields from material science to biology. The near-field light is often generated by localized plasmon resonance of metallic nanostructures such as a gold nanoparticle and nanorod. Recently, plasmon nanofocusing has also attracted much attention as another method to generate the near-field light due to its distinctive advantages such as background-free from incident light [1]. The near-field light is generated at an apex of a plasmonic tapered structure, such as a gold cone, through plasmons propagating toward the apex. Considering both methods of localized plasmon resonance and plasmon nanofocusing, one of pivotal questions is “Which generates more intense near-field light?”, as the near-field light intensity is a fundamental and important property for most of optical applications.
Enhanced live cell imaging through polarization digital holographic microscope
Authors: Chaubey Shivam Kumar , Rathor Mohit , Tamang Rupen , Koch Biplob , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Polarization is significant in understanding complex optical behaviors and revealing properties that conventional methods often miss. However, traditional polarization measurement techniques typically involve multiple captures, which are not ideal for live cell imaging. This study presents our advancements in developing a polarization digital holographic microscope (PDHM) tailored for spatially resolved, label-free imaging. Our approach focuses on single-shot polarization imaging, which significantly enhances the feasibility of real-time observations [1]. We demonstrate the practical application of PDHM in imaging live cancer cells, specifically (MCF-7 breast cancer cells), showcasing its ability to capture detailed cellular structures without the need for external staining agents.
Quantitative Zernike Phase-Contrast Microscopy with an Untrained Neural Network
Authors: Zhou Zinan , Toda Keiichiro , Kurata Rikimaru , Horie Kohki , Horisaki Ryoichi , Ideguchi Takuro
Published: December 2024

In optical microscopy, Zernike phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is a technique that transforms phase shifts in a sample to contrast in intensity by interference. Despite its wide usage in many biological and clinical applications, it fails to provide quantitative information about the specimen. One prior collaborative work [1] from our group managed to add quantitativeness to PCM by a phase retrieval algorithm based on compressive propagation. However, this algorithm relies heavily on regularization and non-trivial optimization tricks, severely limiting its generalizability and usage in practical situations.
Ultra-wide field-of-view optical focusing with high-speed complex wavefront shaping
Authors: Shibukawa Atsushi
Published: December 2024

High-speed and high-precision optical focus control is crucial for optical systems like 3D laser-scanning microscopy and laser micromachining. Typically, the 3D focus control requires a 2D beam scanner such as galvanometric scanners for lateral scanning and a piezo actuator for axial scanning [1]. Another route for the focus control involves wavefront shaping using spatial light modulator (SLM) such as liquid-crystal-based SLM and digital micromirror device (DMD) [2]. This technique allows the random-access scanning of focal spots, making it useful for laser-scanning microscopy and high-throughput laser micromachining. Unfortunately, its focus control speed is inherently restricted by the SLM’s refresh rate, which is around several tens of kHz.
Tunable abrupt autofocusing meta-devices
Authors: Lin Rong , Chen Mu Ku , Tsai Din Ping
Published: December 2024

Abrupt autofocusing (AAF) beams [1], integrating features of circular Airy and Bessel beams, offer extended focal depths, self-healing properties, high precision, and minimal energy loss. These qualities make them ideal for advanced optical imaging, particle trapping, and laser surgery. Traditionally, spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been used to generate AAF beams by encoding their Fourier transform. However, SLMs suffer from low resolution, energy inefficiency, and a limited operational wavelength range, which hinder precise nanoscale operations. Additionally, their bulky size is at odds with the trend towards device miniaturization and integration. Metasurfaces [2-4], capable of manipulating wavefronts at subwavelength scales, present a superior alternative to traditional optical devices by offering reduced weight, increased efficiency, smaller size, and lower energy consumption. Metasurfaces have found applications [5-7] in beam shaping, achromatic imaging, light-field sensing, holography, optical computing, quantum technologies, and biological imaging. Yet, challenges remain in biomedical applications, particularly in creating dynamic beams essential for improving image contrast, optical tweezing, and optimizing photodynamic therapy.
Wavelength-multiplexed full color 3D metasurface hologram made of silicon nitride
Authors: Omori Tetsuhito , Beppu Junpei , Yamaguchi Masakazu , Onozawa Tamaki , Iwami Kentaro
Published: December 2024

Metasurface holograms, which enable a wide viewing angle and high resolution by using subwavelength-sized nanostructures, are expected to be applied to 3D displays[1]. In our previous studies, full-color 2D holograms[2] and large-area monochromatic 3D holograms[3] have been achieved. In this research, we have proposed a method to reproduce a full-color 3D image without misalignment by integrating the phase distribution of each RGB into a single hologram as a matrix of phase vectors
ϕ

All
= (ϕ
B
, ϕ
G
, ϕ
R
) as shown in Fig. 1.
A Cost-Effective, Flexible 1D Metasurface Absorber in the Infrared Region
Authors: Pan Jhuma , Srivastava Sachin Kumar
Published: December 2024

Metasurfaces are widely studied to enhance the light absorption in the infrared (IR) spectral regions for their significant importance in space, military and industry applications. Metasurfaces are composed of metal-dielectric structures with subwavelength geometrical parameters and possess the unique capability to manipulate electromagnetic waves in a desired manner. Plasmonic metasurface supports surface plasmon (SP) modes at metal-dielectric interface for the incoming radiation on the structure [1]. The reported IR absorbers utilized complex lithography techniques which increase the overall cost of the absorber. The fabrication of a low-cost, thin and flexible perfect IR absorber using techniques like e-beam lithography (EBL) is still challenging. This study reports an IR absorber based on the excitation of SP mode using an 1D metasurface structure, fabricated by nanoimprint lithography and physical vapor deposition (PVD).
Polyaniline coated U-bent Fiber Optic Aptasensor for Arsenite Detection in Environmental Matrices
Authors: Shukla Ashish , Pal Tathagata , Mukherji Soumyo
Published: December 2024

Arsenic has been a serious contaminant for decades now. Being the 20th most abundant element on the earth's crust[1], it is found in various organic and inorganic forms. The inorganic form arsenite is known to be the most hazardous to almost all DNA-based life forms[2]. Currently, multiple countries are affected by the elevated concentrations of arsenic contamination [3], [4].
Spectroscopic thermal emitters based on bimetallic compounds for high temperature plasmonic applications
Authors: Ruiz-Perona Andrea , Phouc Toan Tran , Ngo Thien Duc , Nagao Tadaaki
Published: December 2024

Metallic refractory materials, such as single-element metals, bimetallic alloys, metal borides, and metal silicides, are attracting increasing interest and usage in industrial furnaces, aerospace technology, and energy harvesting, due to their outstanding chemical and structural stability at high temperatures. Nevertheless, their optical properties are much inferior in comparison to representative plasmonic metals like Au, Cu, or Al, which, in contrast, exhibit lower melting points and are susceptible to oxidation, thereby hindering the development of thermophotonics applications in high-temperature environments.
Investigation of Plasmonic Effect in Slot Rectangular Waveguide by Applying a Gold as Metal Optimization
Authors: Priyanka Km , Singh Ritu Raj
Published: December 2024

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are the electromagnetic excitations that evaporate when confined in a direction perpendicular to the interface and propagate along the interface between two different media with opposite dielectric constants in a wave-like pattern [1]. It gives a strong light confinement power in integrated photonic circuit [2]. In this paper, by using SoI technology light confinement for the plasmonic slot rectangular waveguide is studied. The most promising dimension of the recommended design is represented by the values of d3 and d4, which are 180 nm and 220 nm, respectively, for the waveguide's width and height [3]. The slot rectangular waveguide confinement power and mode effective area are studied by applying a Gold (Au) layer around the core at a distance Mg.
A Fano resonance enhanced surface plasmon sensing for IgG/anti-IgG immunosensor with high sensitivity
Authors: Yiming Lu , Ishitobi Hidekazu , Sekkat Zouheir , Inouye Yasushi
Published: December 2024

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is widely used as a label-free method for monitoring molecular interactions such as antigen-antibody interactions by measuring the shift in the SPR angle due to changes in the refractive index of the sensing surface. Recently, SPR sensors based on Fano resonance have been proposed to improve the sensitivity of SPR sensors [1]. In our previous report, SF11/Ag/SiO2/TiO2 multilayer system for Fano resonant SPR was developed and applied to the detection of glucose concentration, successfully improving the sensitivity by about one order of magnitude [2].
An Optical Approach for the Liquid Vortex Characterization
Authors: Vu Tien Danh , Le Hoang Phuong , Nguyen Thanh Nhu , Cao Binh Xuan
Published: December 2024

Research on liquid vortices is integral to fluid mechanics and is applied in various fields, including the manufacturing of optical elements [1]. To discover liquid vortex surfaces, contact methods [2], though simple, damage surface structures. Noncontact methods offer high-speed and accurate measurements but require complex systems [3]. Most experimental set-ups are suboptimal.
Utilizing Near-Infrared Femtosecond Laser-Generated Gas Bubbles for Acellular Area Construction in Cell Monolayers
Authors: Okano Kazunori , Tanga Naomi , Aida Rieko , Suwa Hayato , Hagiwara Hiromi , Yaxiaer Yalikun , Kishima Koichiro , Hosokawa Yoichiroh
Published: December 2024

The focused irradiation of near-infrared femtosecond laser (NIR fs laser) pulses in biological solvents efficiently induces molecular breakdown, generating vaporous gas micro bubbles [1]. Such irradiation on live cells induces apoptosis and necrosis depending in pulse energy [2]. Here we examined the relation bubble size and numbers and pulse energy in cells. Further, the NIR fs laser bubbling-formed cell-removed acellular area was used for assaying antimotility effects of the plant flavonoid apigenin.
Selective Accumulation of SERS Signal
Authors: Saito Yuika , Kondo Takahiro , Uchiyama Kota
Published: December 2024

We developed a new method for obtaining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra with extremely high sensitivity and spectral resolution[1]. In this method, thousands of SERS spectra are acquired, followed by a data selection procedure based on density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)[2]. Each spectrum is recorded by exposure with a single nanosecond laser pulse to avoid the effect of time averaging. The reconstructed spectrum consists of the data which belong to the clusters. The method was applied to a crystal violet (CV) aqueous solution 10−7 mol/L.
High-Sensitivity Plasmonic Sensors Probe for Uric Acid Detection using Surface Funtionalized Gold-Graphene Quantum Dotes stacked Nanocomposites
Authors: Noor Ahmad Shukri Muhammad , Onifade Olabisi Abdullahi , Bakar Muhammad Hafiz Abu , Mahdi Mohd Adzir
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a surface-functionalized sensor probe incorporating 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on a Kretschmann-configured plasmonic sensor. The probe employs stacked nanocomposites of gold deposited through sputtering and graphene quantum dots (GQD) deposited via spinning, enabling highly sensitive and accurate uric acid (UA) detection within the physiologically relevant concentration range. Comprehensive characterization of the sensor probe was conducted and validated through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Surface functionalization yielded a 60.64% increase in sensitivity for the sensor probe, resulting in values of 0.0221°/(mg/dL) for gold–GQD probe and 0.0355°/(mg/dL) for gold–APTES–GQD probe, accompanied by linear correlation coefficients of 0.8249 and 0.8509, respectively.
Probing Forbidden Low-Frequency Raman Modes in MoS2 via Plasmonic Nanoparticle
Authors: Zong Zhen , Morisaki Ryosuke , Sugiyama Kanami , Higashi Masahiro , Umakoshi Takayuki , Verma Prabhat
Published: December 2024

Interlayer interaction through the van der Waals forces in two-dimensional (2D) materials like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) determine most of the layer properties, which shows up as low-frequency modes (less than 50cm-1) in Raman scattering. But the weak low-frequency signals are often obscured by background noise, requiring enhancement techniques [1]. Furthermore, detecting forbidden low-frequency Raman modes poses additional challenges. These modes, suppressed by symmetry selection rules, provide important information into molecular structures and electronic properties but are not observed in conventional Raman spectroscopy as they are symmetry forbidden. Our approach can detect forbidden low-frequency modes and achieve high-sensitivity through low-frequency surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (LF-SERS).
Electronic and excitonic properties of semiconductor bilayer moiré system revealed by optical spectroscopy
Authors: Shimazaki Yuya
Published: December 2024

The recent discovery of many-body physics such as strongly correlated electrons, superconductivity and magnetism in precisely twist angle-controlled bilayer graphene at a magic angle revived enormous interest on moiré lattice system. Many-body physics in bilayer moiré system is not limited to graphene, but rather robustly appears in 2D semiconductor materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Monolayer semiconductor TMDs have conduction and valence bands with relatively large effective mass which enhances the influence of Coulomb interactions, also resulting in formation of strongly bound excitons with optical excitations. In twisted bilayer semiconductor TMDs, the superlattice effect due to the formation of moiré lattice further enhances the influence of Coulomb interaction for electrons and expected to show many-body electronic phases.
Identification and manipulation of valley coherence in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Wang Haonan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Matsuda Kazunari
Published: December 2024

The monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) are granted with valley degree of freedom due to broken inversion symmetry, and strong spin-orbit coupling. The degenerated states at band-edges of K(K’) valley possess information of valley pseudospin, which experiences intervalley decoherence process during emission [1]. With valley decoherence not coupling to any radiative dipole, direct probing or manipulation of valley coherence in the time domain has remain a challenge. Here we propose a method of optically exploring the valley coherence time in the time-domain measurement.
Deep Neural Network 3D Reconstruction Using One-Shot Color Mapping of Reflectance Direction Fields
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

In many manufacturing processes, real-time inspection of microscale three-dimensional (3D) surfaces is crucial. Therefore, a method integrating deep neural networks (DNNs) has been proposed for obtaining a microscale 3D surface from a single image, or two images, captured by an imaging system referred to as the one-shot BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) system, equipped with a multicolor filter [1-4]. This system can acquire reflectance direction fields using one-shot color mapping that assigns light directions to specific colors. Assuming a smooth and continuous surface, the 3D shape can be reconstructed from either a single image or two images captured by the one-shot BRDF system.