bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rate of increase and current abundance of humpback whales in West Greenland
Authors: Heide-Jørgensen M. P. , Laidre K. L. , Hansen R. G. , Burt M. L. , Simon M. , Borchers D. L. , Hansen J. , Harding K. , Rasmussen M. , Dietz R. , Teilmann J.
Published: February 2023

Aerial line transect surveys of the density of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) conducted off West Greenland eight times between 1984 and 2007 were used to estimate the rate of increase on the summer feeding ground. Only surveys in 1993, 2005 and 2007 had enough sightings to construct independent density estimates, whereas the surveys in 1984–85 and 1987–89 had to be merged and treated as two surveys. The annual rate of increase was 9.4% yr–1 (SE = 0.01) between 1984 and 2007. This rate of increase is higher than the increase estimated at the breeding grounds in the West Indies, but is of the same magnitude as the observed rate of increase at other feeding grounds in the North Atlantic. A matrix model based on observed life history parameters revealed that the theoretical growth rate of a humpback whale population ranged between 1 and 11%. This confirms that the observed growth in West Greenland is within the plausible values. The survey in 2007 was used to make a fully corrected abundance estimate including corrections for whales that were submerged during the passage of the survey plane. The line transect estimate for 2007 was 1,020 (CV = 0.35). When the estimate was corrected for perception bias with mark-recapture distance sampling (MRDS) methods, the abundance increased to 1,505 (0.49). A correction for availability bias was developed based on time-depth-recorder information on the time spent at the surface (0–4m). However, used directly this correction leads to a positively-biased abundance estimate and instead a correction was developed for the non-instantaneous visual sighting process in an aircraft. The resulting estimate for 2007 was 3,272 (CV = 0.50) for the MRDS analysis. An alternative strip census estimate deploying a strip width of 300m resulted in 995 (0.33) whales. Correction for perception bias resulted in 991 (0.35) whales and corrected for the same availability bias as for the MRDS method resulted in a fully corrected estimate of 2,154 (0.36) humpback whales in West Greenland in 2007.
Quantifying spatial characteristics of the Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project (BWASP) survey design
Authors: Ferguson Megan C.
Published: February 2023

The Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project (BWASP) has been conducted annually since 1979 in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea to monitor the distribution and relative abundance of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) during their autumn migration. BWASP was created to specifically address broad-scale research and management questions related to bowhead whale ecology, with particular interest in the potential effects of oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities on the BCB bowhead whales. With elevated concerns about climate change, increasing oil and gas activities and the forecasted increase in vessel traffic, it is expected that interest in the BWASP dataset will also increase in order to evaluate effects of these anthropogenic activities on BCB bowhead whales and indigenous whaling. The following analysis quantified the spatial characteristics of the BWASP survey design and provided guidelines for the types of investigations that the BWASP data can potentially address. Sampling lags (transect spacing) in the BWASP survey design of approximately 20km along the east/west axis of the study area limit the spatial scale of phenomena that can be detected using data from a single BWASP survey. Therefore, BWASP data are relatively uninformative for studying variability in distribution or relative abundance along the east/west axis over short time scales (one survey) and within small areas measuring less than approximately 20km. In addition, computer simulations showed spatial heterogeneity in the long-term survey coverage probability (the probability that a given location will be included in a survey having an assumed effective search width under the BWASP survey design). Pooled transects created from simulated surveys resulted in a repeating diamond pattern in which coverage probability was low. Analyses incorporating data from many BWASP surveys should account for this spatial heterogeneity, via either the survey coverage probabilities or quantification of survey effort; otherwise estimates of variables such as relative density, density, or habitat use may be biased. The BWASP surveys have increased understanding of the broad-scale patterns of bowhead distribution, relative abundance and behaviour. The utility of this dataset in informing other questions will depend upon the scale of the ecological phenomena under investigation and the analytical scales used to address the questions.
Winter sighting of a known western North Atlantic right whale in the Azores
Authors: Silva Monica A. , Steiner Lisa , Cascao Irma , Cruz Maria Joao , Prieto Rui , Cole Tim , Hamilton Philip K. , Baumgartner Mark
Published: February 2023

A right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) from the western North Atlantic population, sighted in the Azores, was subsequently found to have moved back to the northwest Atlantic. The whale was sighted in the Azores on 5 January 2009 travelling in a west-south westerly direction at a constant speed. A photographic match was found to an adult female in the North Atlantic Right Whale Catalogue. The whale’s previous last sighting, on 24 September 2008 in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, implies movement to the Azores of at least 3,320km in 101 days. It was subsequently resighted in the Bay of Fundy on 2 September 2009, 237 days after being seen in the Azores. This appears to be the only documented evidence of a western North Atlantic right whale outside its normal range in winter, and provides additional evidence of the potential for interbreeding between western North Atlantic right whales and the remnant eastern population.
Collisions of sailing vessels with cetaceans worldwide: First insights into a seemingly growing problem
Authors: Ritter Fabian
Published: February 2023

Vessel-whale collisions are of growing concern worldwide, but information about collisions involving sailing vessels is especially scarce. This study represents the first global quantification of this kind. A total of 111 collisions and 57 near misses were identified, spanning from 1966 until 2010; 75% of cases was reported for the period from 2002–2010, suggesting an increasing trend. Reported collisions and near misses occurred on all oceans, often during ocean races and regattas, and were most frequent in the North Atlantic. Vessel type and speed as well as circumstances of the incident varied widely, but most often monohulls were involved, predominantly sailing at speeds between 5 and 10 knots. Most reports referred to ‘large whales’ as opposed to ‘small whales’ or ‘dolphins’. The species could be identified in 54 cases. Most recognised animals were humpback or sperm whales. Injuries to the whales varied strongly from ‘not visible’ to ‘dead after collision’, but mostly could not be determined. Sailing crew members were hurt in several cases, including collisions occurring at low speeds, and collisions often damaged vessels, including major impairment and seven cases of vessel loss. The findings presented here suggest that elevated vessel speed contributes to a higher risk of collisions. Conversely, the outcome of a collision (e.g. injury to whale or crew, damage to vessel) appears not to be a direct function of vessel speed. Several measures are discussed which potentially can contribute to mitigating the problem, including placing watchposts, an open dialogue with regatta organisers, changes in the design of regattas and ocean races and public outreach initiatives.
Euthanasia of beached humpback whales using explosives
Authors: Coughran Douglas K. , Stiles Ian , Mawson Peter R.
Published: February 2023

A method for the safe and effective euthanasia of large beached humpback whales using explosives is described. Five recent case studies involving live stranded humpback whales measuring 9.1–12.7m are described to show how the method was applied, and the capacity of the method to deal with the varying conditions encountered when dealing with large baleen whales. Issues relating to the wider application of this method to other species of baleen whale and large odontocete species are discussed along with key safety implications for the safe use of this method.
Africanizing of the English language in African Novels: Analysis of Abdulrazack Gurnah’s Afterlives (2020)
Authors: Kazinja Geniva , Xu Shiyan
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This article aimed to ascertain which methods were used to Africanize the language used in Gurnah’s Afterlives. It is well known that Abdulrazack was born and raised in Tanzania (Africa), and how to be an African was reflected in his work through language was the main aim of this article. Unfortunately, studies on Africanizing English language in African novels are few and based on old novels. Therefore, researchers need to analyze the current works written in English by Africans to find out which methods were used to Africanize English in their works.

Methodology: This research used a descriptive qualitative method. It means that it describes the method used in Gurnah's Afterlives to Africanize the English language based on the data gained through reading the whole content of the novel. This article was grounded on the Languages in Contact theory introduced by Uriel Weinreich's languages in Contact: Findings and Problems (1953). Data were analyzed by using a content analysis-directed approach. 

Findings: It was found that Gurnah used code-mixing, code-switching, and translation to Africanize English Language. Furthermore, the main reason was to reflect on the language used in daily activities in Tanzanian society.

Unique Contribution To Theory, Practice and Policy: This article contributes to the theory that, not only in spoken language where we can notice languages in contact, but also in literary works where the writers reflect on how the certain society use language in daily activities. Thus, even though the writer chooses to write in another language, we can still notice the characteristics of his language in his writing, as shown in Gurnah's Afterlives novels.
Peran Mammografi Untuk Skrining Kanker Payudara: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Soekersi Hari , Azhar Yohana , Akbari Kiran Shadentyra
Published: February 2023

Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang paling sering terjadi pada wanita di Indonesia. Angka kesembuhan dapat ditingkatkan dengan deteksi dini dan pemberian terapi yang sesuai. Modalitas deteksi dini yang direkomendasikan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) adalah skrining mammografi. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui peran serta kelebihan kekurangan mammografi dibandingkan dengan modalitas lainnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka dengan 30 literatur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil disampaikan secara naratif. Terdapat kelebihan skrining mammografi yaitu menurunkan angka kematian, meningkatkan pemberian terapi lebih awal, dan meningkatkan kualitas diagnostik sebagai tindak lanjut dari hasil skrining. Kekurangan dari modalitas ini yaitu overdiagnosis, false alarm, kanker interval, dan risiko radiasi. Skrining mammografi dapat dikombinasikan dengan modalitas lain untuk meningkatkan akurasi seperti dengan MRI pada wanita berisiko tinggi dan USG pada wanita dengan payudara yang lebih padat. Rekomendasi dimulainya skrining mammografi rutin per satu tahun adalah umur 40 tahun. Hambatan yang sering terjadi di negara berpenghasilan menengah ke bawah adalah kurangnya pengetahuan & kesadaran, infrastruktur & sumber daya yang tidak tersedia, aksesibilitas, biaya yang tidak memadai dan masih adanya rasa takut dan malu. Maka dari itu, manfaat skrining lebih besar daripada risiko yang ditimbulkan dan dapat dikombinasikan dengan modallitas lain untuk meningkatkan akurasi.
The Comparison Of The Low-Level Laser Therapy And High Intensity Laser Therapy On Pain And Functional Ability In Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Astri Setia Wati , Murdhana Nyoman , Nusdwinuringtyas Nury , Kekalih Aria , Sunarjo Peggy , Soewito Ferius
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee causes disability due to pain and will affect the functional ability to walk. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been shown to reduce pain in knee OA, while High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) is able to reach deeper joint areas.

Method: This study aimed to compare the effect differences between LLLT and HILT on pain and functional capacity in knee OA. Methods: This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 61 subjects randomized into LLLT (n=31) and HILT (n=30) groups. All the subjects were knee OA patient with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ≥ 4. The laser therapy and exercise were given 3 times per week for 6 sessions. The pain scale evaluated using VAS and functional ability evaluated using 50-feet walk test.

Result: After 6 sessions, both LLLT and HILT group showed reduced VAS score [∆VAS Score LLLT = 3 (2 – 4), HILT = 3 (2 – 5)] and increased walking speed (∆ walking speed for LLLT = 0.23 (0.02 – 1.24) m/s, HILT = 0.22 (0.08 – 0.7) m/s) which were statistically (p < 0.001) and clinically significant. HILT group had faster walking speed and greater VAS reduction compared to LLLT group (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in walking speed between two groups (p=0.655).

Conclusion: HILT and LLLT combined with exercise were effective in reducing pain and increasing functional ability in knee OA after 6 sessions of intervention. Pain and functional ability improvement was faster and greater in HILT group than LLLT group.
Exploring factors associated with riding attitudes of motorcyclists in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Xuan Can , Mou Rui Fang , Vu Trong Thuat , Cu Thi Thuc Anh
Published: February 2023

The riding attitude of motorcyclists is an important key in the investigation and analysis of motorcyclists' behaviors in traffic flow. The main aims of this study are to explore factors associated with the riding attitudes of motorcyclists in Vietnam using a self‐reported questionnaire with Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approaches. This study was conducted from January to March 2019, surveying randomly selected motorcyclists at least the age of 16 years in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. A sample consisting of 716 motorcyclists was used to analyze EFA and CFA. The results presented 11 items that were confirmed to compose the Vietnamese motorcyclists’ riding attitudes. Three factors, including attitude towards traffic flow, attitude towards rule obedience and speeding, and attitude towards fun riding were explored in this study. Besides, the study also showed that there were differences in riding attitudes among groups by age group, education level, riding experience, related to accidents in the last three years, and involvement in near-accidents in the last three years. The results of this study can inform the future study of the risky behaviors of Vietnamese motorcyclists
Cuban research on sea turtles (1994-2021): authorship, subject, and collaboration analysis
Authors: Thomas-Sánchez Ruby
Published: February 2023

This article analyzed Cuban research on sea turtles from a thematic and bibliometric perspective. This has been a mixed investigation in which bibliometric and content analysis techniques were applied. The Google Scholar database was used to retrieve documents. The authors with the highest productivity were those from the Fisheries Research Center (Cuba). The thematic areas most studied were: Studies in nesting areas (41%) and Conservation and management (25.6%). The south of the Guanahacabibes peninsula and the south of the Isla de la Juventud were the most examined geographical areas. The most studied species were: Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata, and Caretta caretta. According to the centrality degree, the most important institutions were Cuban, standing out the Center for Fisheries Research, the Center for Marine Research, and the University of Havana. The most significant collaboration links were between the University of Havana-Marine Research Center, the National Company for the Protection of Flora and Fauna-Marine Research Center, the Marine Research Center-Fisheries Research Center, and the University of Havana-INSTEC. Through the thematic analysis, it was evidenced that there are geographical areas where sea turtles also nest. However, there are not many studies in this regard. Future research is recommended to deepen these issues for developing fisheries science in Cuba.
Shakespeare's Botanical Imagination
Authors: Staub Susan C.
Published: February 2023

Writing on the cusp of modern botany and during the heyday of English herbals and garden manuals, Shakespeare references at least 180 plants in his works and makes countless allusions to horticultural and botanical practices. Shakespeare’s Botanical Imagination moves plants to the foreground of analysis and brings together some of the rich and innovative ways that scholars are expanding the discussion of plants and botany in Shakespeare’s writings. The essays gathered here all emphasize the interdependence and entanglement of plants with humans and human life, whether culturally, socially, or materially, and vividly illustrate the fundamental role plants play in human identity. As they attend to the affinities and shared materiality between plants and humans in Shakespeare’s works, these essays complicate the comfortable Aristotelian hierarchy of human-animal-plant. And as they do, they often challenge the privileged position of humans in relation to non-human life.
The Datafication of Racialization and
the Pursuit of Equality
Authors: van Schie Gerwin
Published: February 2023

In this chapter, I show how the investigation of racialization in datafied
applications can be done through an instrumental, epistemological, and
ontological approach to datafication and that the results of each approach
do not necessarily match. By analyzing the attempted implementation
of a tool aimed at measuring the composition of personnel in terms of
migration background called Barometer Culturele Diversiteit (BCD) at
Utrecht University in the Netherlands, I show how the tool is using ideas
about race (instrumental), shaping knowledge through colonial politics
(epistemological), and producing race (ontological) simultaneously. Aided
by this analysis, I will advocate for an understanding of the use of raceethnic
data for affirmative purposes in terms of strategic essentialism,
making epistemic imperfection regarding race warranted only in antiracist
data systems working toward their own obsolescence.
How Eva Louise Young (1861–1939)
Found Me
Authors: van der Tuin Iris
Published: February 2023

Human knowers in academic settings today are caught up in computational
procedures. Such procedures have constraining and surprising
effects on the “findability” of scholars and scholarly works. This chapter
argues that, and shows how, digital literacy is beneficial for epistemological
and methodological reflection and creativity during the research
process. Unraveling the intricacies of the chapter’s author meeting a
“forgotten” philosopher—Eva Louise Young (1861–1939)—in a situated
human–computer interaction meant acquiring the competence of being
critical of, and creative with, Google’s functioning.1 It meant learning
that, in today’s algorithmic condition, canonization and knowledge
production are complicated posthuman entanglements. Literacy here
means combining tool criticism and creativity from media studies with
bioinformatical practices of data and information storage, labeling, and
retrieval in dynamic settings.
Situating the Marketization of Data
Authors: Helmond Anne , van der Vlist Fernando
Published: February 2023

Data are neither inherently valuable, nor do all data have the same
value. This contribution argues how data are made useful and valuable
to specific actors and for specific purposes. It draws attention to the
material politics of data flows and valuation, and to the many different
actors and stakeholders who build the technological conduits and pipelines
that facilitate the circulation and use of data. Therefore, it highlights
the need to study the infrastructural layer of the global data market, as
well as the central role of intermediaries who build and uphold these
infrastructures for the exchange and use of data for different purposes.
Both are important to situate the processes of datafication and data
marketization in specific empirical settings.
The Environmental Legacy of War on the Hungarian-Ottoman Frontier, c. 1540-1690
Authors: Vadas András
Published: February 2023

This book is the first monographic attempt to follow the environmental changes that took place in the frontier zone of the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. On the one hand, it looks at how the Ottoman–Hungarian wars affected the landscapes of the Carpathian Basin – specifically, the frontier zone. On the other hand, it examines how the environment was used in the military tactics of the opposing realms. By taking into consideration both perspectives, this book intends to pursue the dynamic interplay between war, environment, and local society in the early modern period.
A Century of Water?
Authors: Vadas András
Published: February 2023

Using the example of the town of Körmend and its manorial complex
as well as another settlement (Csákány) nearby, this chapter argues
that the defense strategy of the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half
of the seventeenth century led to a significant transformation of the
local environment. Heavily relying on natural obstacles such as the Rába
River, the Hungarian defense tactics altered the flood regime of the river,
causing serious economic difficulties in the entire valley. These economic
difficulties can with a high probability be attributed to the defensive
role the river had in the half a century following the Fifteen Years’ War.
Optic nerve head perfusion changes in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with intravitreal ranibizumab or photocoagulation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Helmy Ahmed Magdy Raffat , Rashad Mohammad Ahmad , Gharieb Hesham Mohamed , Gomaa Wael Adel , Zaki Rania Gamal Eldin
Published: February 2023

Background: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious sight-threatening disease, and half of the patients with high-risk PDR can develop legal blindness within 5 years, if left untreated. This study was aimed at comparing panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and intravitreal ranibizumab injections in terms of radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with treatment-naive PDR. 

Methods: This open-label, prospective, randomized clinical trial included 50 patients with treatment-naive PDR with optic disc neovascularization and randomized them into two groups: group 1, with patients undergoing two sessions of PRP 2 weeks apart, and group 2, with patients received three intravitreal ranibizumab injections (0.5 mg) 1 month apart for 3 consecutive months. Patients underwent a full ophthalmological examination, including best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) measurement in the logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) notation and OCTA before intervention and monthly after the last laser session or the first intravitreal ranibizumab injection for 3 months of follow-up. Visual field (VF) was tested at the beginning and end of 3 months.  

Results: Forty-two (84%) eyes completed the 3-month follow-up, including 22 eyes in the PRP group (88%) and 20 (80%) eyes in the ranibizumab group. The two groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics, diabetes duration, baseline BCDVA, glycated hemoglobin level, OCTA parameters, VF indices, and intraocular pressure (all P > 0.05). The RPC density change from baseline to the 3-month follow-up was significantly lower in the PRP group than in the ranibizumab group (mean difference in RPC density change: - 3.61%; 95% confidence interval: - 5.57% to - 1.60%; P = 0.001). The median (interquartile range) logMAR change from baseline to the 3-month follow-up (0.0 [0.2]) was significantly higher in the PRP group than in the ranibizumab group (- 0.15 [0.3]; P < 0.05). The median changes in central foveal thickness from baseline to the 3-month follow-up differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: In eyes with PDR and neovascularization of the disc RPC density on OCTA increased in the ranibizumab group and decreased in the PRP group. Visual acuity gain was higher in the ranibizumab group than in the PRP group. Future multicenter trials addressing our limitations are required to verify the findings of this study.
Eight years’ experience in mobile teleophthalmology for diabetic retinopathy screening
Authors: Appukumran Rohan , Shyamsundar Kripanidhi , Agrawal Mohini , Khurana Rolli , Pannu Anju , Kumar Praveen
Published: February 2023

Background: Screening for diabetic retinopathy in the community without compromising the routine workof ophthalmologists at hospitals is the essence of teleophthalmology. This study was aimed at investigating theefficacy of teleophthalmology practice for screening diabetic retinopathy from 2012 to 2020. It was also aimed at comparing the 2-year prevalence of camps organized by a district hospital in South India, as well as the footfall, reporting, follow-up, patient response, and diagnostic efficacy at these camps.

Methods: All patients with diabetes and unexplained vision deterioration attending the mobile camp unitsunderwent non-dilated fundus photography. Patients underwent teleconsultation with the ophthalmologist atthe district hospital, and those requiring intervention were called to the district hospital. Trends were studiedfor the number of patients reporting to the hospital. Patient satisfaction was recorded based on a questionnaire.

Results: A total of 682 camps were held over 8 years, and 30 230 patients were examined. Teleconsultationwas done for 12 157 (40.21%) patients. Patients requiring further investigations, intervention for diabeticretinopathy, or further management of other ocular pathologies were urgently referred to the district hospital(n= 3293 [10.89%] of 30 230 examined patients). The severity and presence of clinically significant macularedema increased significantly with an increased duration of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001). The percentage ofteleconsultations showed an increasing trend over the years (P = 0.001). Similarly, considering trends of patientsreporting to the hospital, the attrition rate decreased over the years (P < 0.05). A total of 10 974 of 12 157(90.27%) patients who underwent teleophthalmic consultation were satisfied with the service.

Conclusions: Teleconsultations over the years showed an increasing trend, and the attrition rate decreased overthe years. Teleophthalmology is achieving success in providing high-quality service, easy access to care, and inincreasing patient satisfaction. Future studies on the role of teleophthalmology for other leading preventablecauses of blindness seem possible and necessary.
Anifrolumab (Saphnelo)
Authors: CADTH
Published: February 2023

CADTH recommends that Saphnelo be reimbursed by public drug plans in addition to standard therapy for the treatment of adult patients with active, autoantibody positive, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Saphnelo should only be covered to treat adult patients with moderate-severe SLE whose disease cannot be controlled with an oral corticosteroids (OCS) dose of at least 10 mg per day of prednisone or its equivalent in addition to standard of care. Saphnelo should not be covered to treat patients with active severe SLE nephritis or patients with severe or unstable neuropsychiatric SLE.

Saphnelo should only be reimbursed if prescribed by a physician with expertise in diagnosing and managing SLE and if the cost of Saphnelo is reduced. Saphnelo should not be covered when used in combination with other biologic treatments. After 12 months of treatment, Saphnelo can be prescribed again for patients who show a reduction in disease activity and reduction in glucocorticoid intake compared to when they first started treatment.
PUBLICAÇÕES DA REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MUSICOTERAPIA DE 2009-2019. UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Cunha Henryque de Medeiros , Cunha Rosemyriam , Vagetti Gislaine Cristina
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar os temas de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2009 e 2019 na Brazilian Journal of Music Therapy / Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia. A revisão incluiu 105 artigos cujos títulos, resumos e palavras-chave foram lidos para a identificação da metodologia, objetivos, temáticas e abordagens disciplinares aproximadas como casos transdisciplinares em diálogo com áreas de psicologia, fisioterapia e antropologia. Para análise e desenvolvimento da discussão os temas identificados foram categorizados conforme suporte bibliográfico. Os resultados mostraram que o percentual de artigos de revisão de literatura e estudos teóricos totalizou 42%, pesquisas qualitativas, quantitativas e estudos de caso somaram 48%. O significativo número de artigos publicados na área da saúde (60%) corroborou com a categorização da Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia como predominantemente da área de Saúde.
New Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometer equation by application of Kirchhoff's law and adding a convection term
Authors: Forgan Bruce W. , Gröbner Julian , Reda Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

Abstract. An equation for the Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometer (ACP) is
derived from application of Kirchhoff's law and the addition of a convection
term to account for the thermopile being open to the environment, unlike a domed radiometer. The equation is then used to investigate four methods to
characterise key instrumental parameters using laboratory and field
measurements. The first uses solar irradiance to estimate the thermopile
responsivity, the second uses a minimisation method that solves for the thermopile responsivity and transmission of the cavity, and the third and
fourth revisit the Reda et al. (2012) linear least squares calibration
technique. Data were collected between January and November 2020, when the ACP96 and two IRIS radiometers monitoring terrestrial irradiances were
available. The results indicate good agreement with IRIS irradiances using
the new equation. The analysis also indicates that while the thermopile
responsivity, concentrator transmission and emissivity of an ACP can be
determined independently, as an open instrument, the impact of the
convection term is minor in steady-state conditions but significant when the base of the instrument is being subjected to rapid artificial cooling or
heating. Using laboratory characterisation of the transmission and
emissivity, together with use of an estimated solar calibration of the thermopile, generated mean differences of less than 1.5 Wm−2 to the two IRIS radiometers. A minimisation method using each IRIS radiometer as the reference also provided similar results, and the derived thermopile
responsivity was within 0.3 µV W−1 m2 of the solar-calibration-derived infrared responsivity estimate of 10.5 µV W−1 m2 estimated
using a nominal solar calibration and provide irradiances within ±2 %
of the terrestrial irradiance measured by the reference pyrgeometers
traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The calibration method using linear least squares regression introduced by Reda et al. (2012) that relies on rapid cooling of
the ACP base but utilising the new equation was found to produce consistent results but was dependent on the assumed temperature of the air above the thermopile. This study demonstrates the potential of the ACP as another
independent reference radiometer for terrestrial irradiance once the
magnitude of the convection coefficient and any potential variations in it have been resolved.
The Baltic Earth Assessment Reports
Authors: Meier H. E. Markus , Reckermann Marcus , Langner Joakim , Smith Ben , Didenkulova Ira
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Baltic Earth is an independent research network of scientists from all Baltic Sea countries that promotes regional Earth system research. Within the framework of this network, the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEARs) were produced in the period 2019–2022. These are a collection of 10 review articles summarising current knowledge on the environmental and climatic state of the Earth system in the Baltic Sea region and its changes in the past (palaeoclimate), present (historical period with instrumental observations) and prospective future (until 2100) caused by natural variability, climate change and other human activities. The division of topics between articles follows the grand challenges and selected themes of the Baltic Earth Science Plan, such as the regional water, biogeochemical and carbon cycles, extremes and natural hazards, sea level dynamics and coastal erosion, marine ecosystems, coupled Earth system models, scenario simulations for the regional atmosphere and the Baltic Sea, and climate change and impacts of human use. Each review article contains an introduction, the current state of knowledge, knowledge gaps, conclusions and key statements, based on which recommendations are made for future research. In parallel, Baltic Earth's ongoing outreach work has led to the publication of an information leaflet on climate change in the Baltic Sea, which has been published in two languages so far, and the organisation of stakeholder conferences and workshops.
Global agricultural ammonia emissions simulated with the ORCHIDEE land surface model
Authors: Beaudor Maureen , Vuichard Nicolas , Lathière Juliette , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Hauglustaine Didier
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) is an important atmospheric constituent.
It plays a role in air quality and climate through the formation of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate particles.
It has also an impact on ecosystems through deposition processes.
About 85 % of NH3 global anthropogenic emissions are related to food and feed production and, in particular, to the use of mineral fertilizers and manure management.
Most global chemistry transport models (CTMs) rely on bottom-up emission inventories, which are subject to significant uncertainties.
In this study, we estimate emissions from livestock by developing a new module to calculate ammonia emissions from the whole agricultural sector (from housing and storage to grazing and fertilizer application) within the ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) global land surface model.
We detail the approach used for quantifying livestock feed management, manure application, and indoor and soil emissions and subsequently evaluate the model performance.
Our results reflect China, India, Africa, Latin America, the USA, and Europe as the main contributors to global NH3 emissions,
accounting for 80 % of the total budget.
The global calculated emissions reach 44 Tg N yr−1 over the 2005–2015 period, which is within the range estimated by previous work.
Key parameters (e.g., the pH of the manure, timing of N application, and atmospheric NH3 surface concentration) that drive the soil emissions have also been tested in order to assess the sensitivity of our
model.
Manure pH is the parameter to which modeled emissions are the most sensitive, with a 10 % change in emissions per percent change in pH.
Even though we found an underestimation in our emissions over Europe (−26 %) and an overestimation in the USA (+56 %) compared with previous work, other hot spot regions are consistent.
The calculated emission seasonality is in very good agreement with satellite-based emissions.
These encouraging results prove the potential of coupling ORCHIDEE land-based emissions to CTMs, which are currently forced by bottom-up anthropogenic-centered inventories such as the CEDS (Community Emissions Data System).
A mixed distribution approach for low-flow frequency analysis – Part 1: Concept, performance, and effect of seasonality
Authors: Laaha Gregor
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In seasonal climates with a warm and a cold season, low flows are generated by different processes so that the annual extreme series will be a mixture of summer and winter low-flow events. This leads to a violation of the homogeneity assumption for all statistics derived from the annual series and gives rise to inaccurate conclusions. In this first part of a two-paper series, a mixed distribution approach to perform frequency analysis in catchments with mixed low-flow regimes is proposed. We formulate the theoretical basis of the mixed distribution approach for the lower extremes based on annual minima series. The main strength of the model is that it allows the user to estimate return periods of summer low flows, winter low flows, and annual return periods in a theoretically sound and consistent way. Using archetypal examples, we show how the model behaves for a range of low-flow regimes, from distinct winter and summer regimes to mixed regimes where seasonal occurrence in summer and winter is equally likely. The examples show in a qualitative way the loss in accuracy one has to expect with conventional extreme value statistics performed with the annual extremes series. The model is then applied to a comprehensive Austrian data set to quantify the expected gain of using the mixed distribution approach compared to conventional frequency analysis. Results indicate that the gain of using a mixed distribution approach is indeed large. On average, the relative deviation is 21 %, 39 %, and 63 % when estimating the low flow with a 20-, 50-, and 100-year return period. For the 100-year event, 75 % of stations show a performance gain of >10 %, 41 % of stations > 50 %, and 25 % of stations > 80.6 %. This points to a broad relevance of the approach that goes beyond highly mixed seasonal regimes to include the strongly seasonal ones. We finally correlate the performance gain with seasonality indices in order to show the expected gain conditional to the strength of seasonality expressed by the ratio of average summer and winter low flow seasonality ratio (SR). For the 100-year event, the expected gain is about 70 % for SR=1.0, 20 % for SR=1.5, and 10 % for SR=2.0. The performance gain is further allocated to the spatial patterns of SR in the study area. The results suggest that the mixed estimator is relevant not only for mountain forelands but to a much wider range of catchment typologies. The mixed distribution approach provides one consistent approach for summer, winter, and annual probabilities and should be used by default in seasonal climates with a cold winter season where summer and winter low flows can occur.
Coastal extreme sea levels in the Caribbean Sea induced by tropical cyclones
Authors: Martín Ariadna , Amores Angel , Orfila Alejandro , Toomey Tim , Marcos Marta
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Every year the Caribbean Sea faces the passage of several tropical cyclones that generate coastal extreme sea levels with potential strong and hazardous impacts. In this work we simulate the storm surges and wind waves induced by a set of 1000 tropical cyclones over the Caribbean Sea that are representative of the present-day climate. These events have been extracted from a global database of synthetic tropical cyclones spanning a 10 000-year period. The atmospheric forcing fields, associated with the set of tropical cyclones, are used to feed a coupled hydrodynamic–wave model with high resolution (∼ 2 km) along the continental and island coasts. Given the large number of events modelled, our results allow detailed statistical analyses of the magnitude and mechanisms of coastal extreme sea levels, as well as the identification of one of the most exposed areas to both storm surges and extreme wind waves.
The benefits of homogenising snow depth series – Impacts on decadal trends and extremes for Switzerland
Authors: Buchmann Moritz , Resch Gernot , Begert Michael , Brönnimann Stefan , Chimani Barbara , Schöner Wolfgang , Marty Christoph
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Our current knowledge of spatial and temporal snow depth trends is based almost exclusively on time series of non-homogenised observational data. However, like other long-term series from observations, they are prone to inhomogeneities that can influence and even change trends if not taken into account. In order to assess the relevance of homogenisation for time-series analysis of daily snow depths, we investigated the effects of adjusting inhomogeneities in the extensive network of Swiss snow depth observations for trends and changes in extreme values of commonly used snow indices, such as snow days, seasonal averages or maximum snow depths in the period 1961–2021. Three homogenisation methods were compared for this task: Climatol and HOMER, which apply median-based adjustments, and the quantile-based interpQM. All three were run using the same input data with identical break points. We found that they agree well on trends of seasonal average snow depth, while differences are detectable for seasonal maxima and the corresponding extreme values. Differences between homogenised and non-homogenised series result mainly from the approach for generating reference series. The comparison of homogenised and original values for the 50-year return level of seasonal maximum snow depth showed that the quantile-based method had the smallest number of stations outside the 95 % confidence interval.
Using a multiple-criteria approach, e.g. thresholds for series correlation (>0.7) as well as for vertical (<300 m) and horizontal (<100 km) distances, proved to be better suited than using correlation or distances alone. Overall, the homogenisation of snow depth series changed all positive trends for derived series of snow days to either no trend or negative trends and amplifying the negative mean trend, especially for stations >1500 m. The number of stations with a significant negative trend increased between 7 % and 21 % depending on the method, with the strongest changes occurring at high snow depths. The reduction in the 95 % confidence intervals of the absolute maximum snow depth of each station indicates a decrease in variation and an increase in confidence in the results.
Orthodoxy, Orthopraxy, and Locke’s Arguments for Toleration
Authors: Hall Bryan , Ferg Erica
Published: February 2023

A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689) comprises John Locke’s mature thoughts on religious toleration. In it, Locke offers three political arguments against state religious coercion. He argues that it is impossible, impermissible, and inadvisable for the civil magistrate to enforce ‘true religion,’ which Locke defines as the ‘inward and full persuasion of the mind’ (Works, 6:10). Notwithstanding the various internecine conflicts within Christianity, conflicts which motivated Locke’s concern with toleration, all of the many-splendored sects of Christianity nonetheless share the notion that orthodoxy (correct belief) is required for salvation. Since the early days of Christianity, orthodoxy has represented the lowest-common-denominator obligation of adherents to Christianity. Locke’s political arguments in the Letter, at least in their first instance, assume an orthodox definition of “true religion.” This is likewise true of those who have either defended or criticized Locke’s arguments in the secondary literature. In contrast to Locke and his commentators, we will argue that the dominant characterization of “true religion” globally and throughout history does not concern correct religious belief as much as it concerns correct religious practice, or orthopraxy. Even though it has not received as much attention in the literature, Locke does discuss orthopraxy–what he calls ‘outward worship’–at length in the second half of the Letter (Works, 6:29-39). We will demonstrate how versions of all three political arguments for toleration can be redeployed to constrain the power of the magistrate within an orthoprax conception of true religion.
ՇՐՋԱԿԱ ՄԻՋԱՎԱՅՐԻ ՎՐԱ ԱԶԴԵՑՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԳՆԱՀԱՏՄԱՆ ՄԵԹՈԴԱԿԱՆ ՄՈՏԵՑՈՒՄՆԵՐՈՒՄ ՄԹՆՈԼՈՐՏԱՅԻՆ ՕԴԻ ՎՐԱ ԱԶԴԵՑՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԳՆԱՀԱՏՄԱՆ ԻՐԱՎԱՄԵԹՈԴԱԿԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱՀԱՐՑԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒՄ / In Methodological Approaches to Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal and Methodological Issues of Air Impact Assessment in Armenia
Authors: Afyan Nadezhda , Aleksanyan Hranush
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the article is to present the legislative framework for assessing the
negative impact on the atmospheric air in the methodological approaches of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and analytical issues of methodological
regulation. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to study, compare and
analyze the issues of methodological approaches and the legislative framework for
assessing the negative impact on the atmospheric air in Armenia, then to identify and
propose ways to improve and harmonize them, combining them with international
obligations adopted in the field of environmental protection. The analytical method of
comparing and combining statistical secondary data and legal acts is used in the article.
La efectividad de las consultas en línea en posedición de traducción automática por parte de estudiantes de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Zhang Hong , Torres-Hostench Olga
Published: February 2023

. El presente artículo estudia el proceso de posedición (PE) de traducción automática (TA) de un texto por parte de un grupo de estudiantes chinos de lengua española nivel B2. Se realizó el análisis de los recursos en línea utilizados en PE de TA y, a su vez, se analizaron las posediciones realizadas por los estudiantes. Se usaron las técnicas de keylogger y grabación de pantalla con BBflashback para cuantificar el tiempo de pausa, las posediciones y las consultas en línea de los estudiantes en el proceso de PE de TA. Los resultados muestran que el tiempo de pausa para consultar los recursos en línea de los estudiantes es muy largo. Además, los estudiantes no corrigen los errores de TA sino que cometen y añaden otros tipos de errores. Teniendo en cuenta que los estudiantes de segundas lenguas emplean cada vez más TA, urge incluir en su formación conocimientos específicos para identificar y corregir errores de TA.
Engaging in predatory practices: How editors persuade prospective authors
Authors: Bocanegra-Valle Ana
Published: February 2023

A number of studies have explored the main features of predatory practices that prevail in predatory academic journals and conferences. However, not much has been investigated regarding the ways predatory journal editors convey credibility and trustworthiness when addressing scholars looking for publication outlets and, more specifically, what interpersonal resources (like proximity or engagement markers) are used to persuade them. This study draws on a dataset of fifty email messages from predatory publishers collected during the past two years. It seeks to delve into the ways predatory journal editors address “scholar customers” with the aim of persuading them to submit their work. This dataset was first coded following Hyland’s models of proximity and interaction in academic texts, and then qualitatively analysed using NVivo 11 Pro. The analysis shows that (i) textual data provide direct evidence of the texts that predatory publishers send to scholars and the interpersonal dialogue they intend to build with authors in haste for publication; (ii) interactional resources abound, particularly engagement markers, which explicitly aim at building a rapport with the prospective author, and (iii) these predatory texts also contain other engagement-related elements directed to have an effect on the reader’s decision for eventual submission.