bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensation‐to‐cognition cortical streams in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Carmona Susana , Hoekzema Elseline , Castellanos Francisco X. , García‐García David , Lage‐Castellanos Agustín , Van Dijk Koene R.A. , Navas‐Sánchez Francisco J. , Martínez Kenia , Desco Manuel , Sepulcre Jorge
Published: March 2015

We sought to determine whether functional connectivity streams that link sensory, attentional, and higher‐order cognitive circuits are atypical in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We applied a graph‐theory method to the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 120 children with ADHD and 120 age‐matched typically developing children (TDC). Starting in unimodal primary cortex—visual, auditory, and somatosensory—we used stepwise functional connectivity to calculate functional connectivity paths at discrete numbers of relay stations (or link‐step distances). First, we characterized the functional connectivity streams that link sensory, attentional, and higher‐order cognitive circuits in TDC and found that systems do not reach the level of integration achieved by adults. Second, we searched for stepwise functional connectivity differences between children with ADHD and TDC. We found that, at the initial steps of sensory functional connectivity streams, patients display significant enhancements of connectivity degree within neighboring areas of primary cortex, while connectivity to attention‐regulatory areas is reduced. Third, at subsequent link‐step distances from primary sensory cortex, children with ADHD show decreased connectivity to executive processing areas and increased degree of connections to default mode regions. Fourth, in examining medication histories in children with ADHD, we found that children medicated with psychostimulants present functional connectivity streams with higher degree of connectivity to regions subserving attentional and executive processes compared to medication‐naïve children. We conclude that predominance of local sensory processing and lesser influx of information to attentional and executive regions may reduce the ability to organize and control the balance between external and internal sources of information in ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2544–2557, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability of an fMRI paradigm for emotional processing in a multisite longitudinal study
Authors: Gee Dylan G. , McEwen Sarah C. , Forsyth Jennifer K. , Haut Kristen M. , Bearden Carrie E. , Addington Jean , Goodyear Bradley , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Mirzakhanian Heline , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Olvet Doreen , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Belger Aysenil , Seidman Larry J. , Thermenos Heidi , Tsuang Ming T. , van Erp Theo G.M. , Walker Elaine F. , Hamann Stephan , Woods Scott W. , Constable Todd , Cannon Tyrone D.
Published: March 2015

Multisite neuroimaging studies can facilitate the investigation of brain‐related changes in many contexts, including patient groups that are relatively rare in the general population. Though multisite studies have characterized the reliability of brain activation during working memory and motor functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks, emotion processing tasks, pertinent to many clinical populations, remain less explored. A traveling participants study was conducted with eight healthy volunteers scanned twice on consecutive days at each of the eight North American Longitudinal Prodrome Study sites. Tests derived from generalizability theory showed excellent reliability in the amygdala (
 = 0.82), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG;
 = 0.83), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC;
 = 0.76), insula (
 = 0.85), and fusiform gyrus (
 = 0.91) for maximum activation and fair to excellent reliability in the amygdala (
 = 0.44), IFG (
 = 0.48), ACC (
 = 0.55), insula (
 = 0.42), and fusiform gyrus (
 = 0.83) for mean activation across sites and test days. For the amygdala, habituation (
 = 0.71) was more stable than mean activation. In a second investigation, data from 111 healthy individuals across sites were aggregated in a voxelwise, quantitative meta‐analysis. When compared with a mixed effects model controlling for site, both approaches identified robust activation in regions consistent with expected results based on prior single‐site research. Overall, regions central to emotion processing showed strong reliability in the traveling participants study and robust activation in the aggregation study. These results support the reliability of blood oxygen level‐dependent signal in emotion processing areas across different sites and scanners and may inform future efforts to increase efficiency and enhance knowledge of rare conditions in the population through multisite neuroimaging paradigms. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2558–2579, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The response of a gravel‐bed river planform configuration to flow variations and bed reworking: a modelling study
Authors: Kaless Gabriel , Mao Luca , Moretto Johnny , Picco Lorenzo , Lenzi Mario A.
Published: March 2015

A 2D depth‐averaged model has been developed for simulating water flow, sediment transport and morphological changes in gravel‐bed rivers. The model was validated with a series of laboratory experiments and then applied to the Nove reach of the Brenta River (Northern Italy) to assess its bed material transport, interpret channel response to a series of intensive flood events (R.I. ≈ 10 years) and provide a possible evolutionary scenario for the medium term. The study reach is 1400 m long with a mean slope of 0.0039 m m−1. High‐resolution digital terrain models were produced combining LiDAR data with colour bathymetry techniques. Extensive field sedimentological surveys were also conducted for surface and subsurface material. Data were uploaded in the model and the passage of two consecutive high intensity floods was simulated. The model was run under several hypotheses of sediment supply: one considering substantial equilibrium between sediment input and transport capacity, and the others reducing the sediment supply. The sediment supply was then calibrated comparing channel morphological changes as observed in the field and calculated by the model. Annual bed material transport was assessed and compared with other techniques. Low‐frequency floods (R.I. ≈ 1.5 years) are expected to produce negligible changes in the channel while high floods may erode banks rather than further incising the channel bed. Location and distribution of erosion and deposition areas within the Nove reach were predicted with acceptable biases stemming from imperfections of the model and the specified initial, boundary and forcing conditions. A medium‐term evolutionary scenario simulation underlined the different response to and impact of a consecutive sequence of floods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospital management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chow Leonard , Parulekar Amit D. , Hanania Nicola A.
Published: March 2015

The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often complicated by episodes of acute worsening of respiratory symptoms, which may lead to escalation of therapy and occasionally emergency department visits and hospitalization. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) have a negative impact on quality of life and hasten the decline of lung function. They also significantly contribute to the direct and indirect healthcare costs of this disease. Severe exacerbations (those leading to hospital admission) have been associated with significant poor outcomes including an increased risk of readmissions and mortality. COPD is currently the fourth leading cause of hospital readmission in the United States. In this review, we will provide a broad overview on the etiology, assessment, management, discharge planning, and follow‐up care of patients hospitalized with AECOPD. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:328–339. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Are patients with low body mass index candidates for deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction?
Authors: Kantak Neelesh A. , Koolen Pieter G.L. , Martin Colette , Tobias Adam M. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J.
Published: March 2015

Thin women have not traditionally been considered ideal candidates for autologous breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction in thin women undergoing immediate unilateral breast reconstruction. A retrospective review of 1,040 consecutive patients was performed. In total, 381 patients met the inclusion criteria. To improve clinical interpretability, patients were divided into three groups based on body mass index: “thin” (BMI ≤ 22.99), “traditional” (>23 and ≤29.99), and “obese” (BMI >30) candidates. Flap characteristics were compared to mastectomy weights, and postoperative complications were analyzed. In all groups, flap size was generally more than sufficient to match the mastectomy specimen, as flap weight:mastectomy weight ratio ws greater than 1 in all groups with no significant difference between groups (1.1 in thin patients, 1.0 in traditional patients, and 1.0 in obese patients). Fat necrosis prevalence was lowest in the thin group (12.5%), compared to the traditional (15.9%, P = 0.443) or obese (14.4%, P = 0.698) groups. Prevalence of breast infection were lower in the thin patients (5.2%) versus the traditional (8.7%, P = 0.287) or obese (14.4%, P = 0.033). Abdominal wound healing complications and seroma were also lowest in thin patients. DIEP flap breast reconstruction may be an effective method for unilateral breast reconstruction in thin patients, with sufficient flap weights and lower incidence of complications than in heavier patients. As such, low BMI may not present a barrier in the reconstruction of a breast mound matching native breast size. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:421–427, 2015.
Posterior trunk reconstruction with the dorsal intercostal artery perforator based flap: Clinical experience on 20 consecutive oncological cases
Authors: Brunetti Beniamino , Tenna Stefania , Aveta Achille , Poccia Igor , Segreto Francesco , Cerbone Vincenzo , Persichetti Paolo
Published: March 2015

Background

Few studies in the recent literature have investigated the reliability of dorsal intercostal artery perforator (DICAP) flap in posterior trunk reconstruction. The purpose of this report is to describe our clinical experience with the use of DICAP flaps in a cohort of oncological patients.

Patients and Methods

Twenty patients underwent posterior trunk reconstruction with DICAP based flaps. Patients age ranged from 45 to 76 years. All defects resulted from skin cancer ablation. Defect sizes ranged from 4 × 4 to 6 × 8 cm. The flaps were mobilized in V‐Y or propeller fashion. The flaps were islanded on 1 (12 cases), 2 (6 cases), or 3 (2 cases) perforators. Donor sites were always closed primarily.

Results

Eleven V‐Y advancement flaps were performed; one of these was converted to a perforator‐plus peninsular flap design, which retained an additional source of blood supply from the opposite skin bridge. Nine flaps were mobilized in propeller fashion. Flap dimensions ranged from 4 × 6 to 6 × 14 cm. Mean operative time was 70 min. One V‐Y flap complicated with marginal necrosis that healed with no need for reintervention. All the other flaps survived uneventfully. No other complications were observed at recipient and donor sites. Follow‐up ranged from 3 months to 2 years. All the patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome.

Conclusions

DICAP based flaps proved to be a reliable option to resurface posterior trunk defects following oncological resection, allowing to achieve like‐with‐like reconstruction with excellent contour and minimal donor‐site morbidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:546–551, 2016.
Evaluation of adaptive combination of 30‐channel head receive coil array data in 23Na MR imaging
Authors: Benkhedah Nadia , Hoffmann Stefan H. , Biller Armin , Nagel Armin M.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The aim was to optimally combine multichannel coil array data in sodium (23Na) MRI.

Methods

23Na MRI was conducted on a 3 Tesla MR system using a 30‐channel head receive coil array. The parameters used for the adaptive combination (ADC) reconstruction of the low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) dataset have been optimized by finding the maximum mean SNR. A pseudo multiple‐replica approach has been used to obtain SNR maps of the combined images. To prove reproducibility of the combination algorithm, the procedure was repeated for several measurements.

Results

For low SNR data, sum‐of‐squares (SOS) reconstruction leads to high background noise and a signal bias in the imaged object. The ADC reconstruction clearly reduces noise in the image and leads to an increase of the mean SNR in the range of 8% to 50%, compared to weighted SOS depending on the absolute SNR of the image. The evaluation of the effects of different noise scans showed that a small number of projections can be used to estimate noise statistics of the coil array without substantially decreasing the resulting SNR.

Conclusion

23Na MRI can be markedly improved by using a 30‐channel receive array and ADC reconstruction. The ADC reconstruction showed robust results for all measurements without the need for sensitivity maps. Magn Reson Med 75:527–536, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The deferiprone and deferasirox combination is efficacious in iron overloaded patients with β‐thalassemia major: A prospective, single center, open‐label study
Authors: Totadri Sidharth , Bansal Deepak , Bhatia Prateek , Attri Savita V. , Trehan Amita , Marwaha R. K.
Published: March 2015

Background

The high cost, coupled with the need for continuous infusion, renders Desferrioxamine (DFO), a non‐feasible option for iron‐chelation in a large majority of patients with β‐thalassemia major in developing countries. Monotherapy with deferiprone (DFP) or deferasirox (DFX) may not always attain optimal control, particularly in heavily iron‐loaded patients. Combination of DFP and DFX is a potential alternative.

Procedure

A prospective, single‐center, open‐label, uncontrolled study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination in patients with β‐thalassemia major. Patients who had received either DFP or DFX for >1 year and a serum ferritin >2,000 μg/L were enrolled. Blood counts, liver/renal functions, and serum ferritin were monitored during the 1‐year study period. Facilities for cardiac T2*‐MRI were unavailable.

Results

Thirty‐six patients with a mean age of 13 ± 6.9 years (range: 4–29) and a ferritin of 6,768 ± 4,145 μg/L formed the study cohort. Eight (22%) patients had transient gastrointestinal adverse effects. DFX was discontinued in one patient for persistent abdominal pain/diarrhea. Eight (22%) had joint symptoms; DFP was discontinued in two. Four (11%) patients had elevation in AST/ALT levels, managed with temporary interruption of DFX. Nine (25%) had an inconsistent elevation of creatinine to >33% of baseline; no intervention was done. One had transient proteinuria. None had neutropenia. At the end of 1 year, the serum ferritin reduced by a mean value of 3,275.3 ± 618.2 μg/L (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The oral combination was found to be safe, efficacious, and a feasible option in patients with suboptimal response to monotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1592–1596. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An experimental study on the surface mechanisms formation during the laser milling of PMMA
Authors: Genna S. , Leone C. , Lopresto V. , Tagliaferri V.
Published: March 2015

Laser milling is a recent technology adopted in rapid prototyping to produce tools, molds, and polymer‐based microfluidic devices. In this process, a laser beam is used to machine a solid bulk, filling the area to be machined with a number of closely spaced parallel lines. Compared to traditional machining, this method has some advantages, such as: greater flexibility of use, no mechanical contact with the surface, reduction of industrial effluents, fine machining accuracy even with complex forms, and the possibility to work different kinds of materials. In the present article, an experimental study on poly‐methyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) laser milling is carried out with the aim to study the influence of the process parameters on the removed volume, depth and roughness. Laser milling tests were performed on a PMMA plate, using a 30 W CO2 laser source working in continuous wave or pulsed wave mode. To estimate the depth and the roughness of the milled pockets, a semi‐empirical model, based on energy considerations, was developed. The results showed a good agreement between the model and the experimental data. However, the results clearly show that the mechanisms of interaction change considerably in dependence of the processing parameters. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1063–1071, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ethylene vinyl acetate blends with cellulosic fillers and reinforcements
Authors: Sartore Luciana , D'Amore Alberto , Di Landro Luca
Published: March 2015

Polymeric blends based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) rubbers filled with high molecular weight carboxymethyl cellulose were investigated in view of possible employment as biodegradable materials. The effect of vinyl acetate (VA) content and of addition of transesterification agent to increase interaction between EVA and cellulosic components was considered. Blends reinforced with cellulose microfibers in different amounts were also characterized in their mechanical, rheological, and thermal behavior. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:980–986, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photooxidative weathering of biodegradable nanocomposite films containing halloysite
Authors: Scarfato Paola , Acierno Domenico , Russo Pietro
Published: March 2015

This study reports the results of photodegradation experiments performed on biodegradable nanocomposite blown films based on a commercial grade of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co−3‐hydroxyvalerate)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blend added with different amounts (3, 5, and 10 wt%) of tubular halloysite nanoclays, natural and organomodified. The films, subjected to photooxidative weathering in a climatic chamber under UV exposure, were systematically analyzed to check the chemical and physical changes induced by the aging protocol, taking the as‐produced films as the reference materials. In particular, the samples were characterized using several techniques [colorimetry, water contact angle tests, UV–vis, attenuated total reflectance (ATR)‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, X‐ray diffraction, oxygen permeability, and mechanical tests]. The experiments demonstrated that all nanocomposite films, when compared with the unfilled one, show higher changes in the total color difference ΔE* and higher reduction in the average transparency due to the changes in the molecular structure of the polymer (hydrolysis of the ester linkage, multiple chain scissions, and crosslinking), as observed from ATR‐FTIR analysis. The phenomenon, which basically involves the amorphous phase, tends to increase with the nanofiller percentage in the films and is more relevant in the presence of the organomodified halloysite. As a consequence of the photodegradation of the amorphous polymer chains that increase their molecular mobility, the oxygen permeability worsens, even in the presence of nanofillers. Instead, in terms of mechanical response, the addition of pure and organomodified halloysite to polymer matrix had positive effects on tensile properties both before and after photooxidation. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1169–1175, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fracture of unsaturated polyester and the limitation of layered silicates
Authors: Chaeichian Sina , Wood‐Adams Paula M. , Hoa Suong V.
Published: March 2015

In this work, we explain why the incorporation of organically modified nano‐clay into unsaturated polyester resins, unlike epoxy, does not improve their fracture toughness despite continuing aggressive research activities based on this approach. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is explored by studying the effect of mixing method on improving the degree of exfoliation in simple nanocomposites and its final effect on fracture behaviour. Rheometry and X‐ray diffraction show that the two mixing methods lead to different degrees of exfoliation. The mechanical properties primarily depend on clay content and are less sensitive to degree of exfoliation. In the case of toughness, there is no observable effect of degree of exfoliation. This despite the increased fracture surface area evident in SEM images of the sample with finer exfoliation as compared with those of the sample with a lower degree of exfoliation. Dispersed silicate layers influence the toughness by increasing the tortuosity of the crack path locally while micron scale intercalated tactoids can result in crack deflection. Both of these mechanisms depend on localized plasticity for significant energy dissipation. Since unsaturated polyester has very low localized plasticity below ∼90°C, one cannot significantly improve its room temperature toughness by manipulating the micro‐/nanostructure of the nanocomposite the nanocomposite without incorporating another material. This new understanding of the fracture behavior of unsaturated polyesters and their nanocomposites allows for the development of more complex toughened systems. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1303–1309, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Functional dye as a comonomer in a water‐soluble polymer
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Vinueza Nelson R. , Datta Preeta , Michielsen Stephen
Published: March 2015

In many applications, a functional additive is blended into a polymer matrix to enhance its properties. However, when the polymer and functional additive are applied to a surface, the functional molecule may be easily lost. In favorable cases, it may be possible to incorporate the additive directly into the polymer as a comonomer. In this study, a functionalized polymer has been obtained through the combination of linking a photodynamic, antimicrobial dye, Rose Bengal, to vinyl benzyl chloride via etherification and then polymerizing this into a water‐soluble polymer using chain growth copolymerization. Characterization of the efficiency of synthesis, solubility of the final product, and singlet oxygen production rate has been performed. Dialysis was used to determine the extent of incorporation of the dye into the polymer. The chemical structure of the intermediate produced through etherification has been verified. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1594–1599
Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorosilicone rubber using imide modified vinyl‐containing fluorosilicone resin as cross‐linker
Authors: Xu Tao , Liu He , Song Jie , Shang Shibin , Song Zhanqian , Zou Kaifei , Yang Chong
Published: March 2015

A novel imide modified vinyl‐containing fluorosilicone resin (MP‐VFS) was firstly prepared from maleopimaric acid (MPA), and characterized by1H NMR and13C NMR. Containing MPA based imide heterocycle (MPABI), MP‐VFS was further used as a novel cross‐linker to prepare MPA modified fluorosilicone rubber (MP‐FSR). Morphology, mechanical and oil‐resistance properties, thermal properties, and low temperature resistance of MP‐FSR had been studied. Microphase separation was observed in MP‐FSR. Although the tensile strength of fluorosilicone rubber was not significantly enhanced, the tearing strength, breaking elongation, rebound resilience and hardness were effectively improved. When the MP‐VFS content was 2.0 wt %, the tearing strength of MP‐FSR was increased by 23.5%, breaking elongation by 18.6% and rebound resilience by 9.7%. The thermal stability was enhanced due to the incorporation of MPABI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2015,53, 1769–1776
Synthesis and characterization of polyphenylenes with polypeptide and poly(ethylene glycol) side chains
Authors: Akbulut Huseyin , Endo Takeshi , Yamada Shuhei , Yagci Yusuf
Published: March 2015

We report a novel approach for fabrication of multifunctional conjugated polymers, namely poly(p‐phenylene)s (PPPs) possessing polypeptide (poly‐l‐lysine, PLL) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains. The approach is comprised of the combination of Suzuki coupling and in situ N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) processes. First, polypeptide macromonomer was prepared by ROP of the corresponding NCA precursor using (2,5‐dibromophenyl)methanamine as an initiator. Suzuki coupling reaction of the obtained polypeptide and PEG macromonomers both having dibromobenzene end functionality using 1,4‐benzenediboronic acid as the coupling partner in the presence of palladium catalyst gave the desired polymer. A different sequence of the same procedure was also employed to yield polymer with essentially identical structure. In the reverse sequence mode, low molar mass monomer (2,5‐dibromophenyl)methanamine, and PEG macromonomer were coupled with 1,4‐benzenediboronic acid in a similar way followed by ROP of the L‐Lysine NCA precursor through the primary amino groups of the resulting polyphenylene. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1785–1793
Aerodynamically shaped vortex generators
Authors: Hansen M. O. L. , Velte C. M. , Øye S. , Hansen R. , Sørensen N. N. , Madsen J. , Mikkelsen R.
Published: March 2015

An aerodynamically shaped vortex generator has been proposed, manufactured and tested in a wind tunnel. The effect on the overall performance when applied on a thick airfoil is an increased lift to drag ratio compared with standard vortex generators. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk Factors for Re‐recurrence After First Reoperative Surgery for Locoregional Recurrent/Persistent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Hwan Seo , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Gong Gyungyup , Cho Kyung‐Ja , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon
Published: March 2015

Background

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is generally an indolent tumor indicative of favorable prognosis. However, post‐treatment recurrences may be problematic, and management strategies for recurrent disease have not been established. This study investigated risk factors associated with re‐recurrence of PTC after reoperative surgery.

Materials and methods

This study included 151 patients with pathologically confirmed recurrent/persistent PTC who underwent reoperation. Clinical factors, operative and pathologic findings, serum thyroglobulin levels, postoperative complications, and recurrences were examined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with re‐recurrence‐free survival (RFS) after reoperative surgery.

Results

Recurrent tumors were found in thyroid remnants or previous resection bed (n = 28), central nodes (n = 48), and lateral neck nodes (n = 102). Biochemical complete remission (stimulated thyroglobulin <1 ng/mL) was achieved in 69 (51.5 %) patients after reoperative surgery. Permanent vocal fold paralysis and hypoparathyroidism developed in 6 (4.1 %) and 4 (2.8 %) patients, respectively. Vocal fold paralysis occurred primarily due to intentional nerve resection following tumor invasion. During a median follow‐up of 57.5 months, 41 (27.2 %) patients had re‐recurrences. Univariate analyses showed that extranodal extension (p = 0.028), recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion (p = 0.037), as well as stimulated (p = 0.001) and unstimulated (p = 0.015) serum thyroglobulin were significant predictors of RFS. Multivariate analyses showed that postoperative biochemical remission independently predicted RFS (p = 0.014).

Conclusions

Postoperative thyroglobulin after reoperative surgery predicted re‐recurrence. Careful follow‐up of these patients after reoperation is recommended.
Improving the Conduct and Reporting of Statistical Analysis in Psychology
Authors: Sijtsma Klaas , Veldkamp Coosje L. S. , Wicherts Jelte M.
Published: March 2015

We respond to the commentaries Waldman and Lilienfeld (Psychometrika, 2015) and Wigboldus and Dotch (Psychometrika, 2015) provided in response to Sijtsma’s (Sijtsma in Psychometrika, 2015) discussion article on questionable research practices. Specifically, we discuss the fear of an increased dichotomy between substantive and statistical aspects of research that may arise when the latter aspects are laid entirely in the hands of a statistician, remedies for false positives and replication failure, and the status of data exploration, and we provide a re-definition of the concept of questionable research practices.
Plant Sterol Diversity in Pollen from Angiosperms
Authors: Villette Claire , Berna Anne , Compagnon Vincent , Schaller Hubert
Published: March 2015

Here we have examined the composition of free sterols and steryl esters of pollen from selected angiosperm species, as a first step towards a comprehensive analysis of sterol biogenesis in the male gametophyte. We detected four major sterol structural groups: cycloartenol derivatives bearing a 9β,19‐cyclopropyl group, sterols with a double bond at C‐7(8), sterols with a double bond at C‐5(6), and stanols. All these groups were unequally distributed among species. However, the distribution of sterols as free sterols or as steryl esters in pollen grains indicated that free sterols were mostly Δ5‐sterols and that steryl esters were predominantly 9β,19‐cyclopropyl sterols. In order to link the sterol composition of a pollen grain at anthesis with the requirement for membrane lipid constituents of the pollen tube, we germinated pollen grains from Nicotiana tabacum, a model plant in reproductive biology. In the presence of radiolabelled mevalonic acid and in a time course series of measurements, we showed that cycloeucalenol was identified as the major neosynthesized sterol. Furthermore, the inhibition of cycloeucalenol neosynthesis by squalestatin was in full agreement with a de novo biogenesis and an apparent truncated pathway in the pollen tube.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals PGAM1 Altering cis‐9, trans‐11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Gland
Authors: Wang T. , Lee S. B. , Hwang J. H. , Lim J. N. , Jung U. S. , Kim M. J. , Kang H. S. , Choi S. H. , Lee J. S. , Roh S. G. , Lee H. G.
Published: March 2015

cis‐9, trans‐11 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the most extensively studied CLA isomers due to its multiple isomer‐specific effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA synthesis in ruminant mammary gland are still not clearly understood. This process may be mediated, to a certain extent, by trans‐11 C18:1 regulated by stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD1) and/or its syntrophic proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TVA on SCD1‐mediated cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA synthesis in MAC‐T cells and its potential molecular mechanism. Results showed that trans‐11 C18:1 was continually taken up and converted into cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA in MAC‐T cells during the 4‐h incubation of 50 μM trans‐11 C18:1. SCD1 protein expression increased more than twofold at 2 h (P < 0.01) and 2.5 h (P < 0.05) before decreasing to less than half of the normal level at 4 h (P < 0.05). One up‐regulated (RAS guanyl releasing protein 4 isoform 1 [RASGRP4]) and six down‐regulated proteins (glucosamine‐6‐phosphate deaminase 1 [GNPDA1], triosephosphate isomerase [TPI1], phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [PGAM1], heat shock protein beta‐1 [HSPB1], annexin A3 [ANXA3], thiopurine S‐methyltransferase [TPMT]) were found in MAC‐T cells treated with trans‐11 C18:1. Of these seven identified proteins, the presence of GNPDA1 and PGAM1 was verified in several models. More trans‐11 C18:1 was taken up after PGAM1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA). In conclusion, our data suggested that PGAM1 may have a negative relationship with SCD1 and seemed to be involved in cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA synthesis by facilitating the absorption of trans‐11 C18:1 in the bovine mammary gland.
Impact of Aromatization by Citrus limetta and Citrus sinensis Peels on Olive Oil Quality, Chemical Composition and Heat Stability
Authors: Khemakhem Ibtihel , Yaiche Chiraz , Ayadi Mohamed Ali , Bouaziz Mohamed
Published: March 2015

The objectives of this work were to study the impact of aromatization by sweet lemon and sweet orange peels on olive oil quality, chemical composition and heat stability. Flavored olive oils were prepared by maceration of sweet lime and sweet orange zests at 1, 3 and 5 %. The oil samples were kept at 60 °C for 40 days. Physicochemical tests (FFA, PV, oxidative stability, polyphenols and pigments contents) were carried out. The antioxidant activity (β‐carotene‐linoleate bleaching assay, DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power) was also tested. Results indicated that the addition of citrus zests contributed to the increase in polyphenols and carotenoids contents. Moreover, it led to an increase in the DPPH‐radical scavenging activity (99.50 % for flavored olive oil with sweet orange zests at 5 %). Flavored olive oils with sweet orange zests were more stable to heat treatment than those flavored with sweet lemon zests. The degradation rate of bioactive compounds was lower for virgin olive oil comparing to flavored oils.
Tuning the translational freedom of DNA for high speed AFM
Authors: Lee Andrew J. , Szymonik Michal , Hobbs Jamie K. , Wälti Christoph
Published: March 2015

Direct observation is arguably the preferred way to investigate the interactions between two molecular complexes. With the development of high speed atomic force microscopy (AFM), it is becoming possible to observe directly DNA-protein interactions with relevant spatial and temporal resolutions. These interactions are of central importance to biology, bionanotechnology, and functional biologically inspired materials. As in all microscopy studies, sample preparation plays a central role in AFM observation and minimal perturbation of the sample is desired. Here, we demonstrate the ability to tune the interactions between DNA molecules and the surface to create an association strong enough to enable high-resolution AFM imaging while also providing sufficient translational freedom to allow the relevant protein-DNA interactions to take place. Furthermore, we describe a quantitative method for measuring DNA mobility, while also determining the individual forces contributing to DNA movement. We found that for a weak surface association, a significant contribution to the movement arises from the interaction of the AFM tip with the DNA. In combination, these methods enable the tuning of the surface translational freedom of DNA molecules to allow the direct study of a wide range of nucleo-protein interactions by high speed atomic force microscopy.
Back on the streets: Maturation and risk factors for recidivism among serious juvenile offenders
Authors: Leverso John , Bielby William , Hoelter Lynette F.
Published: March 2015

This study examines how social and cognitive factors shape future criminal activity among serious juvenile offenders and assesses how adolescents' cognitive development affects the relative impact of those factors over time. The sample, from the Pathways to Desistance Study, is comprised of youth (aged 14–18 years) in the United States convicted of serious criminal offenses, and the outcome measure is self‐reported crime. We rely on data collected when the youth were first interviewed (n = 1088) and 18–24 months later (n = 904). Logistic regression analyses reveal a strong relationship between impulsiveness and criminal behavior, regardless of age. Susceptibility to peer pressure and perceived risk that friends would be arrested were found to predict future criminal activity among younger adolescents, but have little impact at later ages. External factors such as amount of social support and gang membership have varying effects over time.
Non‐suicidal self‐injury in high school students: Associations with identity processes and statuses
Authors: Luyckx Koen , Gandhi Amarendra , Bijttebier Patricia , Claes Laurence
Published: March 2015

Non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) refers to the direct, deliberate destruction of one's body tissue without suicidal intent. Research has highlighted the importance of identity synthesis versus confusion for NSSI. However, the association with identity processes and statuses remains unknown. A total of 568 adolescents reported on NSSI, identity, anxiety, and depression. Although identity processes of identification with commitment (negatively) and ruminative exploration (positively) were related to NSSI variables, these relationships were no longer significant when controlling for anxiety and depression. When examining identity statuses (using cluster analysis), individuals who had engaged in NSSI in the past (but not currently) were more likely to be in the moratorium cluster and less likely to be in the achievement cluster. Individuals who were currently engaging in NSSI were more likely to be in the troubled diffusion cluster. Clinicians should be attentive to the complex interplay between identity and NSSI when treating adolescents.
Special Needs Population: Care of the Geriatric Patient Population in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Oster Kristen A. , Oster Cynthia A.
Published: March 2015

The geriatric population, defined as people 65 years of age and older, undergoing surgical procedures is a vulnerable population. Age, once considered a contraindication for a surgical procedure, is no longer a constraint for individuals requiring surgical intervention. However, older adult patients are at increased risk for developing a variety of complications. This article reviews age‐related physiological changes and discusses the special needs of the geriatric population across the perioperative continuum of care.
Clinical Issues—April 2015
Authors: Ogg Mary J.
Published: March 2015

This Month

Monitoring patients receiving local anesthesia

Key words: local anesthesia, nurse monitoring, staffing, assessment, acuity.

Safe use of single‐ and multi‐dose medication vials

Key words: beyond‐use date, BUD, multi‐dose medication vials, medication expiration dates.

Use of positive airway pressure respirators (PAPRs) in the OR

Key words: positive airway pressure respirators, PAPRs, surgical mask, N95, surgical N95, droplet precautions, airborne precautions.
Conservative Management of Invasive Placenta Using Combined Prophylactic Internal Iliac Artery Balloon Occlusion and Immediate Postoperative Uterine Artery Embolization
Authors: D'Souza Donna L. , Kingdom John C. , Amsalem Hagai , Beecroft John R. , Windrim Rory C. , Kachura John R.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined prophylactic intraoperative internal iliac artery balloon occlusion and postoperative uterine artery embolization in the conservative management (uterine preservation) of women with invasive placenta undergoing scheduled caesarean delivery.

Methods

Ten women (mean age 35 years) with invasive placenta choosing caesarean delivery without hysterectomy had preoperative insertion of internal iliac artery occlusion balloons, intraoperative inflation of the balloons, and immediate postoperative uterine artery embolization with absorbable gelatin sponge. A retrospective review was performed with institutional review board approval. Outcome measures were intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirement, hysterectomy rate, endovascular complications, surgical complications, and postoperative morbidity.

Results

All women had placenta increta or percreta, and concomitant complete placenta previa. Mean gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks. In 6 women the placenta was left undisturbed in the uterus, 2 had partial removal of the placenta, and 2 had piecemeal removal of the whole placenta. Mean estimated blood loss during caesarean delivery was 1.2 L. Only 2 patients (20%) required blood transfusion. There were no intraoperative surgical complications, endovascular complications, maternal deaths, or perinatal deaths. Three women developed postpartum complications necessitating postpartum hysterectomy; the hysterectomy rate was therefore 30% and uterine preservation was successful in 70%.

Conclusion

Combined bilateral internal iliac artery balloon occlusion and uterine artery embolization may be an effective strategy to control intraoperative blood loss and preserve the uterus in patients with invasive placenta undergoing caesarean delivery.
Modelo de valor de marca para medios de prensa escritos en un contexto regional
Authors: Candia Campano Claudio , Aguirre González Medardo
Published: March 2015

El objetivo de la presente investigación es proponer una escala de medida de valor de marca para medios de prensa escritos. Para esto se desarrolló un proceso de 3 etapas constituido por: la elaboración de una escala con validez de contenido; la aplicación de un pre test cuantitativo a la escala construida y, final-mente, la recolección de datos con la escala mejorada y el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de esta. Para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas se realizó, principalmente, un análisis factorial confirmatorio al modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que representa dicha escala de medida. Las 6 dimensiones explicativas resultantes son: lealtad afectiva-comportamental, lealtad cognitiva, asociaciones de marca, calidad percibida, reconocimiento de marca y recordación de marca.
Difusión de las memorias de sostenibilidad en Latinoamérica: análisis territorial y sectorial
Authors: Alonso-Almeida María del Mar , Marimon Frederic , Llach Josep
Published: March 2015

En el presente artículo se plantean tres objetivos. En primer lugar, identificar cómo ha sido la difusión geo-gráfica y sectorial en Latinoamérica de los informes de sostenibilidad del tipo Global Reporting Initiative. En segundo lugar, comparar este patrón de difusión con el patrón de difusión mundial para identificar similitudes y diferencias. Finalmente, realizar un pronóstico de la difusión futura en la región. Para ello se realizarán regresiones de los datos disponibles del Global Reporting Initiative en países latinoamericanos utilizando la curva logística como patrón. Adicionalmente, se utilizarán indicadores de concentración y de inestabilidad de las series temporales. A partir de lo anterior, se concluye que el estándar GlobalReporting Initiative ha sido adoptado moderadamente por las empresas en Latinoamérica. Por otra parte, se observan diferencias significativas en el desarrollo de la responsabilidad social de las organizaciones entre los diferentes países.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA, VEGF receptor 2 (Flk‐1) mRNA, and of VEGF co‐receptor neuropilin (Nrp)‐1 mRNA in brain tissue of aging Tg2576 mice by in situ hybridization
Authors: Muche Abebe , Bigl Marina , Arendt Thomas , Schliebs Reinhard
Published: March 2015

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been characterized as a heparin binding angiogenic growth factor displaying high specificity for endothelial cells. It is profoundly accumulated and co‐localized with amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. In order to examine the effect of Aβ plaques on the expression level of VEGF mRNA and its receptors, brain tissue of both transgenic Tg2576 and wild type mice at ages ranging from 13 to 22 months was subjected to in situ hybridization followed by densitometric assessment using computer‐assisted image analysis. Strong expression of VEGF mRNA, fetal liver kinase (Flk)‐1 mRNA, and neuropilin (Nrp)‐1 mRNA in the piriform, entorhinal, somatosensory, frontal cortex and hippocampal formation of both transgenic and non‐transgenic mice brain was detected. Developmentally, only expression of VEGF mRNA was increased with age in the entorhinal, and somatosensory cortex of wild type mice. In 20‐month‐old transgenic Tg2576 mice, up‐regulation of VEGF mRNA, Flk‐1 mRNA, and Nrp‐1 mRNA transcripts was observed in the entorhinal cortex compared to age‐matched wild type mice. Our data suggest up‐regulation of VEGF mRNA, Flk‐1 mRNA and Nrp‐1 mRNA, at least in the entorhinal cortex at ages when Aβ deposition in Tg2576 is typically increasing.
Adirondack Park Incidents: A Retrospective Review of Search and Rescue Reports From 2008 and 2009
Authors: Sadeghi Rokhsanna , Konwinski Joseph C. , Cydulka Rita K.
Published: March 2015

Background

The Adirondack Park is a 6 million acre recreational area in northeastern New York used for activities such as hiking, camping, canoeing, hunting, fishing, snowmobiling, skiing, and rock climbing. Given the large number of people who use the Adirondacks for recreation, there exists the potential for many accidents, injuries, and illnesses to occur in areas ranging from state-operated campgrounds to remote backcountry.

Objective

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the demographics of search and rescue (SAR) operations in the Adirondack Park.

Methods

This study is a retrospective review of the Adirondack Park Forest Ranger SAR reports from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009. Epidemiologic data were gathered from the NY State Department of Environmental Conservation for each report, including victim demographics, incident, reason for injury, medical care needed, preparation of victim, and prior medical conditions.

Results

In all, 239 SAR missions were carried out involving at least 349 victims. Of all cases, 28% (66) involved an injured victim, and 9% (21) involved illness; 56% (10) of the victims had a known prior illness or medical condition; and 21% (27) of cases were due to victims exceeding their abilities. Of the search missions, 54% of victims (93) had little experience with the activity, and 9% (15) had no experience. Only 43% (62) of victims had any form of orientation equipment.

Conclusions

This study portrays the initial demographics of SAR efforts in Adirondack Park. It will aid in educating people on preparing for wilderness activities, as well as tailoring SAR resources to the demographics of injury and illness within the park.
An analytical consideration of steady-state forced convection within a nanofluid-saturated metal foam
Authors: Zhang W. , Li W. , Nakayama A.
Published: March 2015

An analytical consideration has been made to explore the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle distributions and heat transfer characteristics associated with thermal dispersion and nanoparticle mechanical dispersion within a nanofluid-saturated homogeneous metal foam. A volume-averaging theory was rigorously applied to integrate locally a set of governing equations based on the modified Buongiorno model at the pore scale. Thus, a macroscopic set of volume-averaged governing equations were derived allowing interstitial heat transfer between the nanofluid and metal phases. Unknown terms were modelled mathematically to obtain a closed set of volume-averaged governing equations. Subsequently, a pore-scale analysis was carried out to find possible functional forms for describing thermal dispersion and nanoparticle mechanical dispersion in a nanofluid-saturated metal foam. Using the resulting set of volume-averaged governing equations, forced convective flows in nanofluid-saturated metal foams were analytically investigated for the steady-state case. Eventually, it has been predicted that an unconventionally high level of the heat transfer rate (about 80 times more than the case of base fluid convection without a metal foam) may be achieved by combination of metal foam and nanofluid.
Li Receives 2014 Yoram J. Kaufman Unselfish Cooperation in Research Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: March 2015

Zhanqing Li received the 2014 Yoram J. Kaufman Unselfish Cooperation in Research Award at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, held 15–19 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes "broad influence in atmospheric science through exceptional creativity, inspiration of younger scientists, mentoring, international collaborations, and unselfish cooperation in research."
Climate and Ocean Dynamics During the Cretaceous
Authors: Sprovieri Mario
Published: March 2015

Exploring the Cretaceous World with Data and Numerical Models; Capo Granitola, 2–4 October 2014