bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retroperitoneal iliac conduits as an alternative access site for endovascular aortic repair: a tertiary care center experience
Authors: Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Uppal Lipi , Kasinadhuni Ganesh , Sharma Prafull , Sharma Ashish , Savlania Ajay , Lal Anupam
Published: September 2021

Abstract Background Retroperitoneal open iliac conduits (ROIC) are used in patients with hostile iliac anatomy undergoing endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Objectives We hereby report our experience of ROIC in patients subjected to EVAR. Methods This was a retrospective evaluation of 8 patients out of a total of 75 patients (11%) who underwent EVAR in the last 10 years. Pre-procedure computed tomography angiography was used to assess the dimensions of iliac and femoral arteries. Patients who had small arterial dimensions (i.e. smaller than the recommended access size for the aortic endograft device) were subjected to ROIC. Results The mean age of the 3 males and 5 females studied was 45.7 ± 15.2 years. The indication for ROIC was the small caliber ilio-femoral access site in 7 patients and atherosclerotic disease in 1 patient. All external grafts were anastomosed to the right common iliac artery except one which was anastomosed to the aortic bifurcation site because of a small common iliac artery. The procedural success rate was 100%. Local access site complications included infection (n=1), retroperitoneal hematoma (n=1), and need for blood transfusion (n=3). The median post-intervention hospital stay was 10 days. All patients had favorable long-term outcomes at a median follow-up of 18 months. Conclusions Female patients require ROIC during EVAR more frequently. Adjunctive use of iliac conduit for EVAR was associated with favorable perioperative and short-term outcomes.
Simultaneous endovascular revascularization of external iliac artery dissection and transplant renal artery stenosis in a recent renal allograft recipient
Authors: Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Gawalkar Atit , Kasinadhuni Ganesh , Sharma Ashish , Singh Sarbpreet , Lal Anupam
Published: September 2021

Abstract Various vascular complications following renal transplantation include renal artery and vein thrombosis, renal artery stenosis, pseudoaneurysm, and iliac artery dissection. Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is the most common, while iliac artery dissection is the rarest of these various vascular complications. We describe an elderly male, who had both external iliac artery dissection and TRAS at 2 months following renal transplantation. He underwent successful percutaneous endovascular intervention of both complications. The post-intervention course was uneventful, with improvement in graft renal functions and left lower limb perfusion.
Fístula arteriovenosa como tratamento adjunto na revascularização arterial do membro em risco
Authors: Giusti Júlio César Gomes , Tartarotti Sabrina Payne , Rossi Fabio Henrique , Beraldo João Paulo Neves , Brochado Neto Francisco Cardoso
Published: September 2021

Resumo A oclusão arterial aguda do membro inferior continua sendo um grande desafio para o cirurgião vascular. A abordagem cirúrgica depende principalmente da gravidade da lesão tecidual e da duração dos sintomas. Diversas técnicas estão disponíveis no arsenal terapêutico atual; porém, independentemente da técnica escolhida, fatores pós-operatórios, como o escoamento arterial limitado e o baixo fluxo nos substitutos arteriais, podem contribuir negativamente no resultado da revascularização. Descrevemos um caso de oclusão arterial aguda de membro inferior, no pós-operatório de uma derivação femorotibial, que se encontrava ocluída devido a limitação de escoamento e a alta resistência vascular periférica. Foi submetido a nova revascularização femorotibial, associada à confecção de uma fístula arteriovenosa, seguido de amputação de antepé e enxerto parcial de pele. O investimento enérgico no membro em risco possibilita reduzir os desfechos desfavoráveis, como amputação e óbito, e acelera a recuperação dos tecidos acometidos pela isquemia aguda.
Mutualidades e casas: configurações entre o Brasil e o Haiti
Authors: Dalmaso Flávia Freire
Published: September 2021

Resumo Tomando como ponto de partida o projeto comparativo entre o Caribe e o Brasil, originalmente idealizado por Louis Herns Marcelin (1996), o artigo se articula em torno de dois eixos de reflexão. Primeiramente, busco estabelecer um diálogo entre a obra deste autor e algumas questões centrais nas etnografias sobre o Haiti e o Caribe, como a conjugalidade e a matrifocalidade. Procuro mostrar como o trabalho de Marcelin sobre parentesco e domesticidade entre as famílias das chamadas “classes populares” do Recôncavo Baiano é inovador não só porque coloca a casa no centro de suas análises, mas também por elaborar a noção de “configurações de casas”, atentando para sua dimensão relacional, assim como para a daqueles que as habitam. Num segundo momento, chamo a atenção para uma série de caminhos que as discussões presentes na tese do autor permitem explorar para além da casa: temas relativos ao sangue, à violência e à mobilidade das pessoas. Finalmente, o texto registra meu interesse atual e particular a respeito das relações entre casas (em sua acepção mais abrangente que compreende os lugares onde se vive ou de onde se é originário) e pessoas, assim como quanto ao potencial do sangue como veículo portador e transmissor de parentesco e de atributos morais.
Prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancy in a Brazilian capital in the Northeast
Authors: Costa Ana Cleide Mineu , Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de , Alves Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e
Published: September 2021

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancy in a Brazilian capital in the Northeast. Methods: a cross-sectional study nested to a hospital birth cohort with a probable sample of 5,110 puerperal women. Associated factors were analyzed using a hierarchical theoretical model in three levels: distal (women’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics), intermediate (reproductive characteristics, maternal habits and BMI), and proximal level (partner's characteristics). Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed. Results: the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 68.1% (CI95%=66.8-69.4). Multivariate analysis showed association with black skin color/race (PR=1.03; CI95%=1.01- 1.07), mother's age group up to 19 years old (PR=1.09; CI95%=1.06-1.12) and 20 to 24 years old (PR=1.04; CI95%=1.01-1.07), not living with partner (PR=1.09; CI95%=1.07- 1.11), highest number of people in the household: 5 people (PR= 1.10; CI95%=1.08-1.13) and 3 to 4 (PR=1.08; CI95%=1.05-1.10), number of ≥4 children (PR=1.09; CI95%=1.06- 1.13) and 2 or 3 children (PR=1.03; CI95%=1.02-1.05), alcohol consumption (PR=1.03; CI95%=1.01-1.05), malnourished pre-pregnancy BMI (PR=1.03; CI95%=1.01-1.06) and partner’s low schooling (5 to 8 years) (PR=1.03; CI95%=1.01-1.07). Prior abortion was inversely associated with planned pregnancy (PR=0.95; CI95%=0.93-0.97). Conclusions: the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was high and was associated with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that reflect on the combination of the complex inequalities that impact women and their partners
Consumption of healthy food and ultra-processed products: comparison between pregnant and non-pregnant women, Vigitel 2018
Authors: Ruiz Ana Maria Pita , Assumpção Daniela de , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo
Published: September 2021

Abstract Objectives: to characterize pregnant women’s eating habits and compare them to women of reproductive age, and to analyze the association between pregnancy and eating habits. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 13,108 women aged 18 to 50 years (179 pregnant women), included in the Vigitel 2018 telephone survey. Eating habits were assessed by the frequency of food consumption considered as food quality markers and by food eaten in previous day. NOVA classification was used to categorize food into: natural/minimally processed, and ultra-processed food products. The differences were verified by Pearson's Chi-square test and Poisson multiple regression. Results: in pregnant women, we observed lower percentages of natural juice intake (27.5%) and fruit (10.1%) 0-2 times/week, and higher percentages of juice (36.4%) 3-4 times and fruit (74.2%) ≥ 5 times/week compared to non-pregnant women. No differences were detected in the daily frequencies of food intake among the women. The day before the interview, almost 95% of the pregnant women consumed ultra-processed products. Pregnant women reported a lower frequency of soft drink consumption (12.3%) and sauces (7.4%) than non-pregnant women. Conclusion: pregnant women and non-pregnant women had high consumption of ultraprocessed products, highlighting the necessity of interventions, aiming to promote healthy eating.
Invasive candidiasis in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Silva Henrique Yuji Watanabe , Freitas Felipe Teixeira de Mello
Published: September 2021

Abstract Objectives: to describe the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: cross-sectional study that included all neonates with invasive candidiasis confirmed by blood culture from April 2015 to June 2018. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data were analyzed, comparing neonates with extreme low birth weight (ELBW) with neonates ≥ 1000g birth weight, considering a p <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: there were 38 cases of invasive candidiasis, resulting in an overall incidence of 2.5%. Twelve (32%) were ELBW neonates and 26 (68%) neonates ≥ 1000g birth weight, an incidence of 4.4% and 2.0%, respectively. Abdominal surgery was more frequent among neonates with birth weight ≥ 1000g compared to ELBW neonates (85% vs. 17%; p <0.01), as well as the median in days of antibiotics use (18 vs. 10.5; p = 0.04). The median in days of mechanical ventilation was more frequent among ELBW neonates (10 vs. 5.5; p = 0.04). The majority of Candida species were non-albicans (64%). Fatality rate was 32%. Conclusions: the incidence of invasive candidiasis among neonates with birth weight ≥ 1000g was higher than that found in the literature. This group has a higher proportion of gastrointestinal malformations that require surgery. Thus, fluconazole prophylaxis may be necessary for a broader group of neonates.
Elaboration and psychometric analysis of a questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge of community health workers about breastfeeding
Authors: Oliveira Lanuza Borges , Andrade Frederico Marques , Cabral Pedro Henrique Dias , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: September 2021

Abstract Objectives: to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess community health workers’ knowledge on breastfeeding. Methods: this is a methodological study for the development of an instrument and analysis of validity and reliability. For the elaboration of items and identification of dimensions, a literature review was conducted. The items were submitted to the evaluation of a committee of judges, for apparent and content analysis. Construct validation was conducted through hypothesis test, with the participation of 282 community health workers and 19 pediatricians and obstetric nurses. For analysis and comparison of scores, the Mann-Whitney U test was used, assuming a significance level of 5%. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and temporal consistency of the instrument was assessed using test-retest and Kappa analysis. Results: the final instrument presented a favorable opinion from the committee of judges. The hypothesis test showed that the questionnaire has discriminatory power to assess professionals with a higher level of knowledge (p<0.001). The Kappa test revealed that 63% of the items showed substantive to almost perfect agreement. The 32-item questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.794. Conclusion: the instrument developed was valid and reliable, allowing effective measurement of community health workers’ knowledge on breastfeeding.
Sociodemographic and obstetric factors associated with the interruption of breastfeeding within 45 days postpartum - Maternar Cohort Study
Authors: Santos Vanessa Luciani , Holand Bruna Luiza , Drehmer Michele , Bosa Vera Lúcia
Published: September 2021

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate and identify the prevalence of interruption of breastfeeding (BF) in the period of up to 45 days postpartum and the associated sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Methods: cohort of 622 puerperal women, selected between 2018 and 2019 in a reference maternity hospital in the South Brazil. Data collection was carried out in two phases, the first in the maternity hospital during hospitalization of the puerperal woman and the newborn and the second through a telephone call, which occurred 60 days after birth. Poisson regressions with robust variance were performed to identify the factors associated with interruption of BF in the first 45 days of life. The variables that presented p<0.20 in the crude analysis were included in the adjusted analysis. Results: the interruption of BF at 45 days was identified in 14% of the sample. Higher maternal age (PR= 0.46; CI95%= 0.22-0.93), eight years or less of education (PR= 2.11; CI95%= 1.05-4.25), support from the maternal grandmother (PR= 1.91; CI95%= 1.20-3.06) and receiving complement at the maternity hospital (PR= 1.53; CI95%= 1.04-2.25) were factors related to the interruption of BF in the 45-day postpartum period. Conclusion: maternal age ≥35 was a protective factor, and less education, the support of the maternal grandmother and receiving complement at the maternity hospital were predictors of early breastfeeding abandonment.
Approaching Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Nursing Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Petry Stéfany , Padilha Maria Itayra
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the approach to sexually transmitted infections in the undergraduate nursing course at a federal university in southern Brazil. Method: Socio-historical research with a qualitative approach, and use of oral and documentary sources. Thirteen professors participated. Data collection took place between December 2018 and April 2019. Data analysis was thematic. Results: Three categories of analysis emerged: the teaching of sexually transmitted infections based on Brazilian public policies; sexually transmitted infections and their teaching strategy in an undergraduate nursing course; and the trajectory of approach to sexually transmitted infections in an undergraduate nursing course. The undergraduate course is based on public health and education policies, and the subject “Sexually Transmitted Infections” was created in the course at the end of the 1970s. The content is not mandatory, being associated with the area of public health and evidenced in the fields of practice and educational activities. Conclusion: The teaching of sexually transmitted infections has been in line with public health and education policies. It gains a greater teaching focus with the emergence of AIDS.
DIMENSIONAL VALIDITY OF THE INVENTORY OF ETHICAL PROBLEMS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN THE CONTEXT OF CHILDREN'S HEALTH
Authors: Santos Deisy Vital dos , Freitas Kátia Santana , Rosa Darci de Oliveira Santa , Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone , Miranda Juliana de Oliveira Freitas
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the dimensional validity and reliability of the Inventory of Ethical Problems in Primary Health Care adapted to the children's health context. Method: a cross-sectional study with 101 nurses from the Family Health Strategy Units in a city of the Brazilian Northeast region. Data collection was carried out between May 2016 and June 2017. Construct validity was assessed by means of exploratory factor analysis and reliability by verifying internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: the factor analysis revealed the multidimensionality of the Inventory of Ethical Problems in Primary Health Care-Children's Health. It consisted of 19 items, distributed into 4 factors: Factor 1 - Organization of the health system; Factor 2 - Professional Ethics; Factor 3 - Teamwork; and Factor 4 - Parents (or guardians) autonomy expression. Overall internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha and for the factors was moderate to satisfactory. Conclusion: factor analysis revealed that the inventory has a multidimensional structure with 4 factors. The study showed evidence of validity and reliability that recommends the application of the IPE-APS to the context of children's health.
Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems and waterpipe use in Brazil: where are we going?
Authors: Bertoni Neilane , Cavalcante Tania Maria , Souza Mirian Carvalho de , Szklo Andre Salem
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the prevalence of use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and waterpipe in Brazil, by population subgroups, and to evaluate the trend between 2013 and 2019. Methods We used data from the 2019 National Health Survey to estimate the prevalence of lifetime and current use of ENDS and current use of waterpipes by socio-behavioral characteristics. Differences in prevalence over time were calculated using data from the III Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use-2015 and the National Health Survey-2013. Results For 2019, the prevalence of current use of ENDS was estimated at 0.64% (∼1 million people), of which ∼70% were in the age group of 15–24 years old. The highest prevalence was observed in the Midwest region, but the Southeast region concentrates half of these users. Almost 90% are non-smokers, with high prevalence among those who also use waterpipe and abuse alcohol. There was an increase in ENDS use between 2015 and 2019, particularly among younger people. The prevalence of current waterpipe use in 2019 was estimated at 0.47% (∼800,000 individuals), of which ∼80% were 15–24 years old. There was an increase in the prevalence of current waterpipe use between 2013 and 2019, and among young people the increase was ∼300%. Conclusions In Brazil, ENDS have been used mostly by young people, and by never smokers of manufactured cigarettes. The use of ENDS and waterpipe has been increasing even with the country’s regulatory restrictions, which may compromise the successful history of the tobacco control policy.
Socioeconomic inequalities related to noncommunicable diseases and their limitations: National Health Survey, 2019
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Lima Margareth Guimaraes , Silva Alanna Gomes da , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in the self-reported prevalence of NonCommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and their disabilities in the Brazilian adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey carried out in 2019. The self-reported prevalences of individuals with some noncommunicable diseases were calculated, according to sociodemographic characteristics; and the prevalence and prevalence ratio of these diseases and degrees of disability, according to education and possession of a private health plan. Results: 47.6% of the population reported having at least one noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases increased progressively with age and were more prevalent in women (PR 1.13; 95%CI 1.1–1.15), in black (PR 1.04; 95%CI 1.01–1, 06) or brown individuals (PR 1.05; 95%CI 1.01–1.09), illiterate or with incomplete elementary education (PR 1.12; 95%CI 1.08–1.16), in the Southeast (PR 1.10; 95%CI 1.05–1.14) and the South (PR 1.07; 95%CI 1.03–1.12) and among individuals who do not have private health insurance (PR 1.02; 95%CI 1.0–1.05). For the majority of noncommunicable diseases investigated, the highest reports of disabilities were among those with low education and without health insurance. Conclusion: adults with less education and without private health plans have a higher prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and a higher degree of disability. Thus, it is important to analyze health indicators in the face of different populations and disparities, in order to understand and monitor health inequalities.
Multimorbidity and use of health services in the oldest old in Brazil
Authors: Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Assumpção Daniela de , Bacurau Aldiane Gomes de Macedo , Silva Diego Salvador Muniz da , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in long-lived Brazilian individuals (age ≥80 years) and to associated it with the use of health services. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study with data from the 2019 National Survey of Health (n=6,098). Frequencies of use of services were estimated for older people with multimorbidity and according to sex, health insurance ownership, and self-rated health. The prevalence rates, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, and the respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: The average age of the older adults was 85 years and about 62% were women; the prevalence of multimorbidity was 57.1%, higher in women, in those who have health insurance, and who reside in the southern region of the country (p<0.05). In the oldest old with multimorbidity, the use of services in the last 15 days reached 64.6%, and more than 70% were hospitalized in the last year or did not carry out activities in the previous two weeks for health reasons. Differences were observed for the indicators of service use in relation to sex, health insurance ownership, and self-rated health, according to multimorbidity. Conclusion: Indicators for the use of health services were higher in older individuals who have two or more chronic diseases, regardless of sociodemographic conditions and self-rated health, showing the impact of multimorbidity per se in determining the use of services among the oldest old.
Delayed Return: Consolidation of the Zimbabwean Diaspora and Transnationalism
Authors: Jaji Rose
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This article discusses consolidation of the Zimbabwean diaspora and its transnational activities. It presents formation of this particular diaspora as an unanticipated development that is contingent upon circumstances as they evolve in both sending and receiving countries. It draws from longitudinal research with Zimbabwean migrants in Germany and South Africa to illustrate this argument. It also borrows from Tsuda’s transnational outcome framework to provide a nuanced understanding of Zimbabwean migrants’ varied relationships with both Zimbabwe and the receiving countries. The article argues that migrants’ decision to settle for the long-term in the receiving country is not always made at the same time as the decision to migrate itself or in the initial stages of life in the receiving country. There are many cases among Zimbabwean migrants showing that migration was initially perceived as quest for reprieve from the country’s economic and political challenges while they “waited” for the situation to improve. However, the crisis in Zimbabwe has dragged on for more than two decades with no tangible solution in sight thus transforming waiting into settling. Economic and political factors in Zimbabwe as well as factors in the receiving countries influenced the formation and consolidation of the Zimbabwean diaspora and its transnational activities. Diaspora formation and consolidation in this case is an outcome of migrants’ adaptation of their initial plans to new realities obtaining in both the sending and receiving countries.
Migrações e mídia durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma análise de notícias publicadas no jornal Folha de São Paulo
Authors: Brasil Julia Alves
Published: September 2021

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar representações sociais de migração/migrantes veiculadas pelo jornal Folha de São Paulo no ano de 2020, marcado pela pandemia de COVID-19. Foram analisadas 839 matérias, com o auxílio do software Iramuteq, a partir da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Identificaram-se seis classes lexicais, que abordaram as migrações tanto como uma questão política, envolvendo debates sobre aspectos econômicos e de segurança, quanto como uma experiência humana, a partir das vivências de migrantes em diferentes contextos. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar como, por um lado, a pandemia de COVID-19 aprofundou desigualdades pré-existentes e intensificou práticas discriminatórias dirigidas aos migrantes. E como, por outro lado, aliada a outros “eventos-chave”, como eleições estadunidenses e protestos antirracistas, estimulou debates sobre preconceito e discriminação com relação a diferentes grupos minoritários, indicando que o caminho para a superação dessa crise e para a atenuação dos conflitos intergrupais por ela exacerbados passa pela inclusão de todos, inclusive migrantes.
Use of new bacterial strain in solidification and stabilisation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash
Authors: Qiu Yufeng , Chen Ping , Zhou Kewen , Xu Hui , Christopher Wood , Ding Xiaoqing , Zhan Liangtong
Published: September 2021

The use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is known to be effective in the solidification and stabilisation of fly ash that results as a by-product of municipal solid waste incineration. In the search for more adaptable and applicable bacteria for MICP fly ash treatment, five species of bacteria were isolated from nursery soil. The biochemical characteristics of the five bacteria were tested to assess their adaptation to the environment of fly ash. The geotechnical properties and heavy metal leaching concentrations of the fly ash treated by the five bacteria were also tested to evaluate solidification and stabilisation effects. Results were compared with the commonly used bacteria Bacillus pasteurii. The Ensifer adhaerens strain outperformed other strains, including B. pasteurii, in environmental adaptation, particle solidification and heavy metal stabilisation of fly ash. Further MICP treatment tests under different bacterial concentrations, curing conditions and fly ash void ratios were carried out on this strain to investigate the influence of various factors on MICP efficiency. Both the MICP and the pozzolanic solidifying properties played important roles in the solidification and stabilisation mechanisms, where the best solidification effect occurred at a bacterial concentration of 14.92 × 107 cells/ml and a fly ash void ratio of 0.724.
Estimation of fluorotelomer alcohol emissions from landfill cover systems
Authors: Wang Qiao , Bouazza Abdelmalek , Xie Haijian
Published: September 2021

This paper presents analytical solutions for estimating emissions of fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH), a precursor of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, from landfill single and composite cover liners. Single liners comprise a compacted clay liner (CCL), a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) or a geomembrane barrier (GMB). Composite liners included a GMB underlain by a CCL or a GCL. This paper shows that for a single liner, an intact GMB reduces the FTOH emission flux by three orders of magnitudes compared with a CCL and by two orders of magnitude compared with a GCL. Also, a composite cover liner reduces FTOH emissions by at least one to three orders of magnitude relative to that of a single GMB, depending on the use of either a CCL or a GCL. The analytical solutions presented in this study can be used for the preliminary evaluation of different types of covers for mitigating FTOH emissions from landfills.
Shear strength of the geomembrane–subgrade interface in heap leaching applications
Authors: Abdelaal Fady B , Solanki Rahul
Published: September 2021

A series of large-scale direct shear tests was carried out to examine the effectiveness of smooth, textured and structured surface geomembranes (GMBs) with different soil subgrades for heap leach pad applications. Four different subgrades – namely, sand, two different coarse-grained underliners and a clayey soil representing the layers directly underlying the GMB liner in heap leach pads – were used to examine the shear strength of the GMB–subgrade interfaces at normal stresses between 50 and 1000 kPa. It was found that increasing the normal stresses can change the mechanisms contributing to the shear resistance at the interface. This resulted in a statistically insignificant increase in the interface friction of the GMB–granular soil interfaces when using GMBs with surface roughness relative to the interface friction of the smooth GMB. Furthermore, depending on the type of subgrade, establishing the shear envelopes over a wide range of normal stresses was found to overestimate or underestimate the shear strength at the field stresses even when linear regressions present the best fit for the data.
Experiences of caregivers of boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Palacios-Espinosa Ximena , Vera-Márquez Ángela Victoria , Mateus Heidi , Dávalos Serrano Martha Liliana , Gracia-Ruiz Jennifer , Huertas Julián Felipe
Published: September 2021

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease that leads to progressive and fatal physical deterioration. The progression of this disease requires frequent or permanent care that implies high levels of demand for the caregivers of children who have developed DMD. Certainly, this disease affects diagnosed children and their caregivers as well. The support from the health system is scarce for both, which translates into an intense burden for the mothers and women of the family who care the person diagnosed with DMD during their lifetime. This qualitative study with phenomenological approach aimed to analyze the meaning of the experience of being a caregiver for boys and young men living with DMD in Colombia. After obtaining their informed consent, caregivers were interviewed and a thematic analysis of their narratives was performed to determine three key topics that endow their experiences with meaning: (1) finding out about the disease, (2) living according to the needs of boys and young men, and (3) providing a new meaning to life. The results show that the meaning of DMD is strongly associated with intense suffering and psychological stress, with a high negative burden, especially during the initial years after diagnosis. The study suggests that it is important to assimilate and process these experiences and findings to learn how to live with DMD and identify the certainty of a child’s premature death.
Tratamiento de la desregulación emocional en hospitales del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Cremades Camila F. , Garay Cristian J. , Etchevers Martín J.
Published: September 2021

El proceso de regulación emocional está siendo foco de gran cantidad de investigaciones en la actualidad. Se estima que se encuentra asociada al desarrollo y mantenimiento del 75 % de los trastornos mentales del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM, por sus siglas en inglés). En esta línea se han estado estudiando en los últimos años, a nivel global, protocolos transdiagnósticos que tienen, como foco de tratamiento, dicho proceso. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en explorar la familiaridad de los profesionales de la salud mental, de hospitales públicos del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, con el constructo de la desregulación emocional y los protocolos diseñados para el tratamiento de pacientes con dichas características. A su vez, se buscó conocer el grado de acercamiento de los profesionales clínicos a las investigaciones sobre psicoterapias. A estos fines, se diseñó un cuestionario con 40 preguntas de respuestas abiertas y opción múltiple que fue completado por 75 profesionales (psicólogos y psiquiatras) de hospitales públicos del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. La mayoría reportó conocer el constructo de desregulación emocional, pero al pedirles que conceptualicen un caso diseñado para este estudio muy pocos utilizaron el constructo. En cuanto a los protocolos transdiagnósticos diseñados para intervenir en la desregulación emocional, son muy poco implementados. Por su parte, menos de la mitad reportó haber leído investigaciones empíricas. Los cursos elegidos para continuar la formación son en su mayoría psicoanalíticos y la participación en congresos internacionales es escasa. Se propone la necesidad de fomentar el uso de intervenciones basadas en evidencia en hospitales públicos y la divulgación de protocolos transdiagnósticos con evidencia para la desregulación emocional.
Factores de resiliencia y bienestar en familias colombianas
Authors: Reyes Rojas Mónica , Cerchiaro Ceballos Elda , Bermúdez-Jaimes Milton E. , Carbonell Blanco Olga Alicia , Cantor Jiménez Jackeline , Sánchez José Eduardo , Roncancio Moreno Mónica
Published: September 2021

Las familias, en la actualidad, enfrentan nuevos retos y cambios que comprometen su capacidad de adaptación y su bienestar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar indicadores de resiliencia familiar y bienestar familiar de 442 familias colombianas ubicadas geográficamente en Bogotá (n = 196), Santa Marta (n = 81) y Cali-Palmira (n = 145). El diseño fue analítico transversal. Las familias diligenciaron el Índice Familiar de Regeneración y Adaptación (FIRA-G) para valorar la resiliencia y el Índice de Bienestar de los miembros de la Familia (FMWB). Los resultados demostraron relaciones significativas y positivas entre bienestar familiar y resiliencia familiar al igual que una relación inversa y significativa entre indicadores de resiliencia negativos como tensión, distrés y tensión familiar con indicadores positivos de resiliencia familiar tales como coherencia, fortaleza y apoyo social. La comparación entre ciudades evidenció divergencias entre las familias de Bogotá y Cali-Palmira, en los niveles de bienestar familiar, estresores familiares y apoyo de parientes y amigos. En el caso de la ciudad de Santa Marta se encuentran diferencias en los estresores familiares con Cali-Palmira y en apoyo social comunitario con Bogotá. La discusión se orienta a mostrar que la resiliencia familiar es resultado de la participación de varios elementos: los recursos familiares adaptativos positivos que le permiten a las familias reducir el estrés y enfrentar las demandas del ambiente, la presencia de los dos padres en familias sin indicadores clínicos que hace que la carga de estrés sea compartida –lo cual abona el terreno para la resiliencia familiar–, y el apoyo social manifestado en ayudas externas al núcleo familiar por parte de la comunidad, los parientes y los amigos.
Aproximaciones al discurso de lo paisa en Colombia.
Authors: Larraín González América , Madrid Garcés Pedro José
Published: September 2021

En Colombia, las personas oriundas del departamento de Antioquia y de la región denominada “Eje Cafetero”, son conocidas en el país por el apelativo coloquial dado a sus habitantes: paisas. Este trabajo describe las formas en que se ha presentado la idea de lo paisa en textos académicos e investigaciones producidos durante las últimas dos décadas en la región, buscando enunciar los elementos, discursos y repertorios que se le atribuyen y que actualmente conforman ese relato de lo que se conoce como paisa. Además de identificar dichos aspectos, cuestionamos las implicaciones de estas representaciones producidas y reproducidas por la academia y sus impactos en ámbitos políticos, económicos y sociales, estableciendo distinciones y jerarquías entre algunas regiones que componen la nación.
Los principios filosóficos del neoliberalismo: una aproximación a sus consecuencias políticas en Colombia
Authors: Valencia Mosquera Pamela
Published: September 2021

Este artículo muestra los principios filosóficos sobre los cuales se sustenta el neoliberalismo y el prototipo de persona —homo economicus— que reivindica con prácticas como el egoísmo, la competencia y la libertad personal. Los países que como Colombia adoptaron el neoliberalismo en la última década del siglo XX sufrieron un cambio importante en la política, expresado en la mayor despolitización y neutralización de movimientos hegemónicos y luchas emprendidas por partidos políticos, sindicatos, sector estudiantil, líderes sociales y ciudadanía en general, para reivindicar sus derechos humanos. De esta manera y en términos metodológicos, se parte de un análisis hermenéutico de los principios y discursos del neoliberalismo, con el objetivo de mostrar la existencia de una frontera interna entre la economía y la política, lo público y lo privado, con la cual se legitima el uso de la violencia hacia las personas que pretenden reivindicar su dignidad en un escenario de competencia económica y beneficio personal.
Los caminos del Rionegro: historia del ferrocarril de Cundinamarca, 1847-1953
Authors: Reyes Pavón Leonor Eugenia
Published: September 2021

Oswaldo Escobar Muriel es Ingeniero Civil e Historiador por la Universidad Javeriana, miembro de la Academia de Historia de Bogotá y de la Academia Colombiana de Historia de la Ingeniería y de las Obras Públicas. La obra que nos interesa reseñar es resultado de la combinación de estos dos campos en los que Escobar Muriel se ha desempeñado; desde mi punto de vista, allí radica su originalidad. Como el mismo autor lo menciona, su interés es estudiar la construcción del ferrocarril desde las implicaciones técnicas. Esta perspectiva resulta novedosa porque normalmente, cuando se estudian los caminos de hierro, los focos de atención son los impactos económicos y políticos, y en menor medida los efectos sociales. El libro se divide en nueve capítulos, en los que se abarca un periodo muy temprano que dio origen al Ferrocarril de Cundinamarca hasta su desaparición en 1953.
“Me fui quedando”: the temporary-prolonged stay of Colombian students in Paris
Authors: Ardila Sierra Marcia Carolina
Published: September 2021

This article addresses the migration of Colombian students in Paris. The objective is to reflect about the processes through which a temporarystay city becomes a place of prolonged esidence. The research is based in a multi-sited ethnography and in-depth interviews conducted in France and Colombia. The text is divided into three sections: The first section explains the dual nature of transience of migrant students; the second section explores the context of departure; and the third section analyses the living conditions of Colombian students without scholarships in France. It is concluded that in order to understand the reorientation of the students’ project and the lengthening of their stay in Paris, it is necessary to address the context of origin and arrival in parallel, both at an individual and at a social and transnational level.
Maldiciones y profecías: representaciones de la destrucción socionatural de un pueblo en la prensa colombiana
Authors: Espinel Rubio Gladys Adriana
Published: September 2021

Este artículo indaga por las representaciones que de la destrucción socionatural del casco urbano de Gramalote (Norte de Santander, Colombia) construyeron los diarios La Opinión (local) y El Tiempo (nacional). Es una investigación histórico-hermenéutica, de análisis documental. A partir de la codificación abierta de 48 textos periodísticos de ambos diarios, se construyeron familias categoriales permitiendo determinar cuatro representacionesdel hecho: la persona ama/esclava de la naturaleza; un pueblo sin raíces; ausencia de liderazgo, por último, y causas místicas y proféticas, siendo esta representación la que registró mayores referencias. Así, los medios masivos hacen evidentes los entramados de sentidos que envuelven a las comunidades, permitiendo la comprensión de los desastres y de las historias del fin del mundo en las fronteras de lo socionatural, lo mágico y lo  sagrado, desde donde es posible pensar también la gestión del riesgo.
Mejorar los conflictos: derechos de la Amazonía en mundos cosmopolíticos
Authors: Lyons Kristina
Published: September 2021

En el 2018, la Corte Suprema de Colombia declaró a la Amazonía como sujeto de derechos. Esta decisión se basó en una sentencia que otorgó derechos legales al río Atrato. A diferencia de este caso, impulsado por las comunidades ribereñas, la concesión de derechos a la Amazonía obliga a las autoridades municipales y comunidades locales a asumir nuevas responsabilidades establecidas en un fallo mayormente conceptualizado sin su participación. En este texto, reflexiono sobre cómo el desarrollo de los derechos de la naturaleza en presencia de actores regionales “mejoraría” los conflictos socio-ambientales en la Amazonía. En vez de buscar eliminar los conflictos mediante una combinación de ley y orden, sugiero elaborar un proceso de justicia a través de una co-presencia cosmopolítica.
Electroporation in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta v1
Authors: Booth David
Published: September 2021

This protocol details the electroporation of DNA plasmids into the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. The protocol builds on a method to transfect macromolecules into S. rosetta via nucleofection.
Gövde analizi çalışmalarında yeni ve kombine bir yöntem
Authors: ŞAHİN Abbas , AYLAK ÖZDEMİR Gafura , ÖZDEMİR Emrah
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, ağaç kesitlerinin ve artım kalemlerinin, taranarak bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmasından sonra, bilgisayar program ve yazılımlarının kullanılarak, kesitteki yıllık halka sayılarının ve genişliklerinin çok daha kısa zamanda, daha hassas ve yüksek doğrulukta belirlenebileceği belirtilmektedir. Tek ağaca ait hacim elemanlarının saptanması ve hesaplanması ile gövde analiz çalışmaları için yeni ve kombine bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir.
İHRACATA YÖNELİK KALKINMA: GÜNEY KORE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Hava Hüseyin Tamer
Published: September 2021

İhracata yönelik kalkınma stratejisi ve bununla birlikte meydana gelen yapısal değişimin gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kalkınmasında önemli bir rol oynayacağı son zamanlarda birçok ekonomistin yaptığı çalışmalarda ortaya koyduğu fikirlerle desteklenmektedir. Ancak başarıya ulaşan Güney Kore örneği açısından bu durum diğerlerine göre bazı farklılıklarla gerçekleşmiştir. İncelendiğinde bir zamanlar çok az doğal kaynaklara sahip, dış yardıma bağımlı ve borç içinde olan Güney Kore, Kore Harbi’nin üzerinden çok fazla zaman geçmeden 1960’lı yılların başlarından itibaren uygulanan politikalarla hızla sanayileşerek dikkat çekici bir ekonomik gelişme kaydetmiş ve kalkınmış bir ülke haline gelmiştir. Başlangıçta savaş sonrasında ithal ikamesine yönelik bir politika izleyen Güney Kore, 1960’lardan sonra kendine özgü gelenekleri ve yönetim yapısıyla ihracata yönelik kalkınma stratejisi modelini özdeşleştirerek uygulamaya koymuş ve başarılı olmuştur.
Bu çalışmada, ihracata yönelik kalkınma stratejisi modelinin başarıyla uygulandığı ülkeler arasında her zaman ilk sırada gösterilen Güney Kore’nin bu başarısının ardında yatan nedenler tespit edilmeye ve bu süreçte karşılaşılan sorunlar ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylece bu ülkede yaşanan deneyimin ve bunun sonucunda ulaşılan başarının, her ülke farklı özelliklere sahip olsa bile, kalkınmasını aynı modeli uygulayarak gerçekleştirmek isteyen diğer gelişmekte olan ülkeler için örnek olması amaçlanmıştır.
Results of toposelective eeg mapping of patients with transitional global amnesia and discirculatory encephalopathy
Authors: Stakhovskaya L. V. , Tikhonova I. V. , Gnezditsky V. V.
Published: September 2021

Correlating tBe data of toposelective mapping of electrical brain activity in patients witB transitional global amnesia (TGA) and in patients of control group witB discirculatory encephalopathy revealed that type IV curves prevail in patients with TGA (44%), and type I (44%) and III (28%) in patients of control group. Besides, in patients of the main group the mean value of slow to fast activity index in the left occipital region is certainly smaller, and the mean alpha-rythm value of peak frequency in the right occipital region is certainly greater than in patients of the control group. It is the authors' opinion that the revealed distinctions can point to the involvement of deep-seated brain structures and mediobasal regions of frontal and temporal lobes in pathologic process of TGA.
Clinical classification of vertebral neurological syndromes
Authors: Veselovsky V. P. , Ladygin А. P. , Kochergina О. S.
Published: September 2021

At present, when classifying vertebrogenic diseases of the nervous system (VZNS), methodological recommendations "Clinical classification of diseases of the peripheral nervous system", approved by M3 of the USSR (1987), are used as the basis. The applied classification does not fully reflect modern concepts of patho- and sanogenesis and complicates the use of many methods (manual therapy and reflexotherapy) necessary for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with VNS.
Role of clinico-electrophysiological findings in therapy of late residual stage of insult and distant period of brain injury by method of dynamic propriocorrection
Authors: Vein A. M. , Shvarkov S. B. , Khaspekova N. B. , Venderova M. I. , Davidov O. S. , Popov G. G.
Published: September 2021

120 patients with motor disorders (pareses and paralyses) caused by acute disturbance of brain circulation were examined. Clinical examination, computered analysis of motor potential, spectrum of cardiac rhythm variability before and after treatment, psychologic testing were carried out. After 15 sessions of therapeutic loading suit usage in 71,9% of patients a stable clinical effect (P0,05) was achieved. Patients began to walk without assistance, they were able to serve themselves, their speech improved. It is stated that the results of patients rehabilitation using the chosen method are influenced not only by initial clinical features of pyramidal defect, but also by laterality of injury and safety of the most homeostatically significant baroreflex vasomotor mechanisms and cerebral mechanisms of motion preparation in combination with minimal evidence of emotional and affective disorders.
6 clinical conditions can be modified to reduce risk for a first stroke
Authors: Gorelick P. B. , Sacco R. L. , Smith D. B.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work was to assess the validity of clinical recommendations for the prevention of the first stroke. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyzes were conducted in which the effectiveness of exposure to 6 risk factors for the development of first stroke was assessed: arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease (including correction of lipid levels in the blood), atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, asymptomatic stenosis of carotid arteries, lifestyle.
Multiple reflection of plane SH waves by a dipping layer
Authors: Ishii Hiroshi , Ellis Robert M.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The problem of a plane SH wave incident at the base of a dipping layer has been considered. A solution by multiple reflection for waves incident at any angle perpendicular to strike has been obtained for the amplitude, phase and phase velocity. Numerical values are calculated on the surface. For waves propagating in the up-dip direction the amplitude versus frequency curves for a constant depth to the interface change slowly with increasing dip for dip angles less than 20°. However, for waves propagating in the down-dip direction, the character of the amplitude curves changes rapidly. It is found in these cases that the diffracted wave plays an important role. In addition to satisfying the boundary conditions at the surface and between the media, the diffracted wave must also satisfy additional conditions along a dipping surface lying between the free surface and the boundary between the two media due to the geometrical nature of the reflected wave solution.

It is found that the phase velocities vary rapidly with both period of the wave and depth to the interface, particularly for propagation directions close to an angle which corresponds to vertical incidence in the horizontally layered case.