bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apropiaciones artísticas del espacio público: del graffiti, artivismo urbano y arte relacional, a la ocupación simbólica cibernética
Authors: Luque Rodrigo Laura , Moral Ruiz Carmen
Published: January 2022

The configuration of cities is a reflection of the society that inhabits them and of those that once occupied that space. Urban planning also has the capacity to condition the lives of its inhabitants, which is why it has been a connatural concern of human beings since they left nomadic life behind. Rationalist urban planning and architecture, imposed since the end of the 19th century and especially in the 20th century, have given rise to serious problems that are reflected in intellectual, social and artistic movements that have demanded a more human and habitable urban space. Thus, the approaches that have emerged from the very heart of the street are fundamental: the hermetic occupation of space by graffiti; the proposals of urban art and its link with Situationism; artivism and the proposals of relational art that actively involve communities. However, in recent years and above all since the confinements produced by the COVID 19 pandemic in 2020, the virtualisation of the urban is generating new conceptual approaches that will be dealt with in this text, taking as the main example the work of the artist from Jaén, Nati Rodríguez.

La configuración de las ciudades es reflejo de la sociedad que la habita y de aquellas que algún día ocuparon ese espacio, pero también el urbanismo tiene la capacidad de condicionar la vida de sus habitantes, por lo que es una preocupación connatural al ser humano desde que dejó la vida nómada. El urbanismo y la arquitectura racionalista, impuesta desde finales del siglo XIX y muy especialmente en el siglo XX, han dado lugar a serios problemas que se reflejan en movimientos intelectuales, sociales y artísticos que han reivindicado un espacio urbano más humano y habitable. Así, son fundamentales los planteamientos surgidos en el propio seno de la calle, desde la ocupación del espacio de manera hermética por parte del graffiti, a las propuestas del arte urbano y su vinculación con el Situacionismo, pasando por el artivismo y las propuestas de arte relacional que implican de forma activa a las comunidades. Sin embargo, en los últimos años y sobre todo desde los confinamientos por la pandemia de COVID 19 acaecidos en 2020, la virtualización de lo urbano está generando nuevos planteamientos conceptuales que serán abordados en el este texto, tomando como principal ejemplo la obra de la giennense Nati Rodríguez.
The design and performance of a second-generation phi meter
Authors: Falkenstein-Smith Ryan , Cleary Thomas
Published: January 2022

This report documents the design and performance of a second-generation phi meter used in multi-scale experimental applications. A constructed second-generation phi meter is implemented in bench and 2/5th scale experiments to demonstrate the instrument s ability to conduct global and local equivalence ratio measurements and gas species concentrations of combustion products (i.e., carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen) without knowledge of the sampled fuel composition. Bench-scale experiments evaluated the second-generation phi meter s functionality by introducing known fuel-air ratios into the instrument and verifying measurements via the carbon to hydrogen ratio and mass balance. The bench-scale experiments selected methane, propane, and propene as the fuels of interest. The 2/5th scale experiments implemented two second-generation phi meters in a series of 25 kW methane backdraft experiments. Backdraft experiments provided an ideal setting to test the phi meter s performance by subjecting the instrument to a transient heterogeneous gas mixture. The phi meters sampling location was positioned such that the extracted gas samples fed into the instrument were unknown. Global and local equivalence ratio measurements made in the 2/5th scale compartment were compared to independent gas analyzer and gas chromatograph measurements. In the bench-scale experiments, the global equivalence ratio, water vapor concentration, and carbon to hydrogen ratio measurements are in fair agreement with their expected values. Real-time global and local equivalence ratio and carbon to hydrogen ratio measurements obtained during a backdraft experiment were observed to increase as the fuel concentration within the 2/5th scale compartment increased. Real-time global and local equivalence ratios were verified by the independent instrumentation.
Latest Oxfordian – earliest Kimmeridgian ammonite dominated fauna and microfacies from the ammonitico rosso-type Fonyászó Limestone Formation at Zengővárkony (Mecsek Mountains, Hungary)
Authors: Bujtor László , Albrecht Richárd
Published: January 2022

Field work has resulted in the recognition of a previously unknown outcrop in the vicinity of the Zengővárkony lime-kilns (Mecsek Mountains, South Hungary) which has provided a remarkably rich, but poorly preserved, uppermost Oxfordian – earliest Kimmeridgian fauna dominated by ammonites probably representing the Hypselum–Bimammatum zones. This is the first description and illustration of Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian ammonites from the Mecsek Mountains. The cephalopod fauna comprises Phylloceras div. sp., Holcophylloceras div. sp., Sowerbyceras sp., Lytoceras sp., Lissoceratoides erato, Trimarginites cf. trimarginatus, Glochiceras (Coryceras) cf. microdomum, Subdiscosphinctes sp., ?Wegelea sp., Passendorferiinae gen. et sp. ind., ?Orthosphinctes sp., Euaspidoceras cf. radisense, Aspidoceras sp., A. cf. binodum, Physodoceras sp. ex gr. altenense-wolfi, Lamellaptychus sp., Laevaptychus sp. ex gr. hoplisus-obliquus. The fauna has a Mediterranean character (55% of Phylloceratidae and Lytoceratidae) and is similar to the Tethyan assemblages of the Venetian Alps (Italy), and Palma de Mallorca. The spirochaete tube worm Spiraserpula spirolinites is also the first record from the Mecsek Mountains. The Saccocoma wackestone-packstone microfacies is recorded with benthic foraminifera (Lenticulina sp. and Spirillina sp.) indicating well oxygenated and nutrient-rich bottom conditions.
New records of Tmaegoceras lacordarii (Michelin, 1835) from the Lower Jurassic Arietenkalk Formation of SW Germany and its systematic relationships
Authors: Schweigert Günter , Scherzinger Armin , Gräbenstein Stefan
Published: January 2022

New material of the enigmatic cosmopolitan ammonite genus Tmaegoceras Hyatt, 1889 is reported from the upper Lower Sinemurian (Bucklandi Zone, ‛cf. pinguisʼ Biohorizon) of SW Germany. It is better preserved than previously described material. All specimens are assigned to Tmaegoceras lacordarii (Michelin, 1835), an almost forgotten subjective senior synonym of Tmaegoceras crassiceps Pompeckj, 1901. The presence of an extreme rursiradiate ribbing style in some specimens allows a better understanding of this genus and provides a hint for its systematic affiliation. This diagnostic ribbing style is shared with some extremely rare Alpine taxa such as Ammonites salinarius Hauer, 1846 and “Arietites” subsalinarius Wähner, 1891. Tmaegoceras is included here in Pseudotropitinae Donovan, 1973. Pseudotropitinae are possibly an early offshoot of Arietitidae indigenous of the Panthalassa Realm that occasionally spread into the Tethys and its adjacent shelves. A phyletic relationship with Late Triassic Tropitidae Mojsisovics, 1875, however, cannot be excluded either.
Depresi pada Populasi Lanjut Usia yang Menjalani Hemodialisis
Authors: Faisal Edward
Published: January 2022

Menurut laporan tahunan European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA), pasien yang menjalani transplantasi ginjal dari tahun 2014 sampai 2018 memiliki kesempatan hidup hanya setengah dari usia dengan sisa fungsi ginjal yang ditransplantasikan, sedangkan untuk pasien yang dilakukan hemodialisis (HD) adalah 70% lebih pendek. Populasi lanjut usia (lansia) semakin bertambah, begitupun dengan lansia yang menjalani HD juga akan bertambah sebagai akibat dari menurunnya value dan penurunan fungsi sebagai seorang yang mandiri. Selain itu, HD juga dapat meningkatkan angka mortalitas seorang lansia. Berdasarkan data dari national health and nutrition examination survey (NHNES), prevalensi penyakit ginjal kronik pada usia 65-79 tahun adalah 31,5% dan pada usia >80 tahun yaitu 65%.
Development of English among Older Chinese Migrants in Australia: A Case of Tense and Aspect
Authors: Kawaguchi Satomi , Lu Jenny
Published: January 2022

Language barrier among older migrants affects various areas of their life such as physical and mental well-being and participation in the community. However, little is known about their actual language attainment. This study investigates the development of tense and aspect (TA) in English through focused instructions among older Chinese migrants in Australia. TA is expressed through morphological and syntactic means in English, while in Chinese, tense is expressed lexically, and aspect via contextual cues and aspect markers. These typological contrasts create learning difficulties among Chinese learners in acquiring English TA. The Aspect Hypothesis (Andersen & Shirai, 1994) claims that the acquisition of aspect is related to verb semantics and, for instance, acquisition of progressive starts with action verbs then extends to Accomplishment and Achievement (Sugya & Shirai, 2007). From a morphosyntactic viewpoint Processability Theory (PT, Pinemann 1998) hypothesises a universal sequence of second language development where V-ing and V-ed are acquired at the category-procedure stage, followed by verb phrase agreement between auxiliary and lexical verb and finally subject-verb agreement on the verb at sentence procedure stage. We broach whether the older migrant learners would be able to learn TA in English. Seven Chinese migrants aged 60-69 who arrived in Australia at the age of between 35 and 60 participated in this study. They received four-week focused instruction on TA following the stages described in PT, and their speech production data were collected before and after the instruction. Analyses indicated that the participants improved their markings of TA after the instruction, and their PT developmental stage was a crucial factor in acquiring TA. The study emphasises the importance of continuous language training for older migrants to encourage their language development, especially for those learning a typologically different language from their first language. Thus, this paper addresses a research gap in older migrants’ second language learning and highlights the importance of research with adult migrants to gain insight into their bilingualism.
Historical Perspective on Suffixed Second Person Pronouns: a Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Galiano Liviana
Published: January 2022

The present work provides a detailed picture of the forms, frequencies and functions of suffixed second person pronouns (e.g. yous) since their first occurrence in English until the 2000s. It is a corpus-based study which aims to expand and refine the already existing definitions of suffixed second person forms in the literature. For the first time in scholarly work, the paper traces the historical evolution of both the frequencies and functions of suffixed second person pronouns and identifies grammaticalisation and pragmaticalisation as the underlying processes of language change of these features.
Cancer types with high numbers of driver events are largely preventable
Authors: Belikov Aleksey V. , Leonov Sergey V.
Published: January 2022

There is a long-standing debate on whether cancer is predominantly driven by extrinsic risk factors such as smoking, or by intrinsic processes such as errors in DNA replication. We have previously shown that the number of rate-limiting driver events per tumor can be estimated from the age distribution of cancer incidence using the gamma/Erlang probability distribution. Here, we show that this number strongly correlates with the proportion of cancer cases attributable to modifiable risk factors for all cancer types except the ones inducible by infection or ultraviolet radiation. The correlation was confirmed for three countries, three corresponding incidence databases and risk estimation studies, as well as for both sexes: USA, males (r = 0.80, P = 0.002), females (r = 0.81, P = 0.0003); England, males (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001), females (r = 0.67, P = 0.002); Australia, males (r = 0.90, P = 0.0004), females (r = 0.68, P = 0.01). Hence, this study suggests that the more driver events a cancer type requires, the more of its cases are due to preventable anthropogenic risk factors.
Protection of catalpol against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway
Authors: Zhang Linluo , Li Changqing , Fu Ling , Yu Zhichao , Xu Gengrui , Zhou Jie , Shen Meiyu , Feng Zhe , Zhu Huaxu , Xie Tong , Zhou Lingling , Zhou Xueping
Published: January 2022

Catalpol significantly reduces triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity, which is closely related to autophagy. The aim of this study was to explore the unclear protective mechanism of catalpol against triptolide. The detoxification effect of catalpol on triptolide was investigated in HepaRG cell line. The detoxification effects were assessed by measuring cell viability, autophagy, and apoptosis, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein and mRNA expression levels. We found that 5–20 µg/L triptolide treatments increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the expression of autophagy proteins including LC3 and Beclin1. The expression of P62 was downregulated and the production of autophagosomes was increased, as determined by transmission electron microscope and monodansylcadaverine staining. In contrast, 40 µg/L catalpol reversed these triptolide-induced changes in the liver function index, autophagy level, and apoptotic protein expression, including Cleaved-caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase9 by inhibiting excessive autophagy. Simultaneously, catalpol reversed endoplasmic reticulum stress, including the expression of PERK, which regulates autophagy. Moreover, we used the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 to prove that the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway of the unfolded protein response is an important pathway that could induce autophagy. Catalpol inhibited excessive autophagy by suppressing the PERK pathway. Altogether, catalpol protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. The results of this study are beneficial to clarify the detoxification mechanism of catalpol against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity and to promote the application of triptolide.
A Study to Verify the Practicality of Introducing an Arson Dog (K-9) Unit in Field Investigations
Authors: Ryu Ho-Seung , Choi Seung-Bok , Kim Min-Sun , Choi Young-Jin , Choi Don-Mook
Published: January 2022

Combustion improvers are often found in acts of arson. Until recently, in fire investigations in Korea, these substances have been identified only by the olfactory sense of the fire inspectors or conventional gas detectors. These methods are neither efficient nor feasible in damaged buildings or large areas. Research on the canine sense of smell has shown that a dog can distinguish the remains of combusted hydrocarbon compounds, even in a large, open area. Field tests confirmed that arson dogs can find combustion improvers at fire sites in about five to 77 s. Therefore, this study verified the practicality of introducing arson dog units in field investigations of fire sites to identify combustion improvers sprayed for committing arson.
Effect of Heat of Reaction and Charring Properties on Heat Release Rate during Combustion
Authors: Lee Myung-Kyu , Park Seul-Hyun
Published: January 2022

The heat release rate (HRR) of fires can be determined from the relationship between the thermal pyrolysis rate of combustibles and the effective heat of combustion. To accurately determine the thermal pyrolysis rate of combustibles, it is important to understand the heat of reaction of combustibles. However, this parameter is difficult to measure for combustibles, such as wood, that produce charring during combustion because they undergo a multi-step pyrolysis reaction. In this study, the ISO 5660-1 standard method was used to perform cone calorimetry experiments to understand how the HRR is affected by the heat of reaction heat and charring properties of combustibles. To this end, the HRR calculated using FDS computational analysis was compared to the measured value from the ISO 5660-1 cone calorimetry experiments. A dehydrated Douglas-fir, an evergreen tree of the pine family, was used as a combustible material. The cone calorimetry experiment and FDS computational analysis results confirmed that increases in the heat of reaction and charring properties were directly correlated with the decrease in the HRR.
Comparison of Disaster Safety Datasets and Service in Korean and Japanese Public Data Portals
Authors: Lee Haeyoon , Jeong Muheon , Park Inseon
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to obtain implications through comparative analysis of disaster safety datasets and services of representative public data portals in Korea and Japan. Comparative standards were established first. Then, dataset weight analysis of disaster-type and safety-management -stage components, trend analysis through text mining on data-set descriptions, and data quality and portal services analysis were performed. As a result public data sets were lower in Korea both numerically and proportionally than in Japan. Japan had a high proportion of disaster preparation and recovery datasets in terms of disaster safety management, while Korea had a high proportion of prevention data-sets. In addition, in terms of disaster response collaboration, most of Korea has material management and resource support, but Japan has high proportion of emergency recovery and situation management of damaged facilities. In terms of data quality, Japan has many datasets with four levels of Berners-Lee rating. However Korea has a high proportion of datasets with three levels of Beners-Lee rating. However, Korea has a better data format for big-data utilization. Portal services are mainly centered on natural disasters in Japan, but in Korea, they are centered on social disasters. The results of this study provide a reference for the future direction of disaster safety public data portals in Korea.
Qualitative Theme Analysis on Perception of Practice Scope among Emergency Medical Service Providers: Focused on Registered Nurses
Authors: Kim Min Hui , Kim Namgirl , Park Song Yi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explore how emergency medical service (EMS) providers with registered nurses perceive their practice scope in Korea. This qualitative study analyzed the interview data of nine EMS providers with registered nurses using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Three themes and 10 subthemes were revealed. Theme 1 was “not clearly knowing the scope.” They perceived their scope as similar to that of a first-grade emergency medical technicians (EMTs), as wider than that of EMTs' scope, as focused on the controversial scope, it is determined according to the medical director. Theme 2 was “anxiety and distrust.” They were concerned whether they can be protected legally by the practice guideline, showed no confidence in the legal protection of the practice guideline, and were confused about their professional identity. Theme 3 was “different strengths in practices.” They reported that EMTs are more experienced and skillful in the prehospital field, as nurses lack education on prehospital emergency. However, they have different strengths from the beginning such as patient’s care. For ensuring stability of and consistency in the provided service, the practice scope of EMS providers with registered nurses needs to be clearly stipulated.
A Statistical Model for Analyzing Anthropometric Data and Developing Clothing Sizing Systems for Libyan School Children
Authors: Bilhassan Salima A. , Albalaaze Raja , Elgheriane Mariam , Elkwafi Najat
Published: January 2022

A garment sizing system is essential for effective clothing design and production. A sizing system classifies a specific population into homogeneous subgroups based on some key dimensions. Persons of the same subgroup have the same body shape characteristics, and share the same garment size. Anthropometric data plays important role in creating clothing sizing system. The current work represents the sixth step towards the overall goal of developing the Libyan children’s clothing standards system based on physical measurements of the human body of Libyan schoolchildren. The objective of the current work is to study the physical measurements of students aged 6 to 17 years in the stages of primary, secondary. The body measurements of school children in Benghazi were collected and analyzed using simple statistics methods to understand the body ranges and current of student in all stages to develop the system sizing. The measurements were collected from previous projects. Some measurements were collected to complement a work of 90 (male and female) students between 6, 7 and 8 years old from a school in Benghazi. ANOVA test was used to determine differences between age groups.
Development of Distance Education Satisfaction Scale of University Students: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Yasin KAFES Ali , YILDIRIM Ahmet
Published: January 2022

Bu araştırma, özellikle Covid-19 pandemisi kapsamında üniversitelerin hızlı bir şekilde uygulamaya geçirdiği kapsamlı uzaktan eğitim uygulaması hakkında öğrencilerin memnuniyetini ölçen bir ölçeği geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçek
eğitimde etkileşim ve iletişim teorisine dayandırılmıştır. Teoriye göre, uzaktan eğitim sürecinde iletişimin temelinde öğrenmeden keyif alınması, etkileşimin sağlanması, öğrenmeyi daha basit hale getirme, motivasyon ve öğrenilenlerin
transfer edilmesi gibi faktörlerin varlığı ve bu faktörlerin birbirlerini tetiklemesiyle öğrenmenin kolaylaşacağı belirtilmektedir. Çalışmanın etik incelemesi için Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’na 05.03.2021 tarihinde
başvuru yapılmıştır. 11.03.2021 tarihinde E-87432956-050.99-33128 sayılı karar ile etik kurul bilimsel çalışma onayı alınmıştır. Çalışma 2020-2021 Eğitim-Öğretim Yılı içerisinde Isparta Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi’nde eğitim
gören 3664 öğrencinin gönüllü katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hazırlanan sorular katılımcılara internet aracılığı ile iletilmiştir. İstatistiksel işlemler için SPSS 25.0 ve LISREL 8.80 programları kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlik
çalışmaları kapsamında uzman görüşleri alınmış, AFA ve DFA uygulaması yapılmıştır. Buna göre ölçek varyansın toplamda %63.04’ünü açıklamıştır. Maddeler tahmin edildiği gibi “etkilemiş” ve “ulaşılabilirlik” faktörleri altında eşit
sayıda toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerleri oldukça iyi bulunmuştur. Güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında ise Cronbach Alfa, test yarılama ve test tekrar test uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ölçek güvenilirdir.
Ölçekteki maddelerin ayırt ediciliğini belirlemek amacıyla maddelerin hem kendi faktörleri ile hem de ölçeğin bütünü ile düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyonu ile %27’lik alt-üst grup karşılaştırmalarına yer verilmiştir. Madde analizinden
elde edilen bulgular, ölçekte yer alan maddelerin tamamının ayırt edici olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgulara dayanarak Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitim Memnuniyet Ölçeği’nin (ÜÖUEMÖ) geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı
olduğu ve öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitimden memnuniyetlerini ölçmek amacı ile kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.
Alternative Ornaments in Turkish Classical Music Vocal Performance
Authors: TUNCEL Özge ŞEN
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma, geçmiş kuşaklardan güzümüze aktarılmış olan halleriyle Klasik Türk Müziği ses icrâcılığında icrâcıların müzikal bilgi birikimlerine işleyen süslemelerin alternatif kullanım şekillerini örneklerle göstererek, ses icrâcılarının
süsleme kullanımları bakımından farklı çeşitlemeler üretebilmelerinin önünü açmak ve halihazırda kullanılagelen süsleme çeşitlerinden temel öneriler sunarak, ses icrâcılığında var olan yorum özgürlüğü alanının “esnek sınırları”
hakkında fikir ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın odağı kullanılan süslemeleri var oldukları halleriyle ortaya koymak olduğundan, nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde betimsel tarama modeli ile hazırlanmıştır.
Bilinirliği yaygın bir örnek eser seçilerek bu eserin bir bölümü üzerinde her ölçü için üç alternatif süsleme gösterilmiş, küçük bir bölümde bile oldukça fazla sayıda alternatif süsleme geliştirilmiştir. Bu süslemeler açık yazımla
notaya alınmış, ayrıca nota yazımının Klasik Türk Müziği’nin yapısında olan mikro işlemeleri ancak yaklaşık bir boyutta gösterebilmesinden dolayı, karşılaştırma yapma imkanı sunabilmek için her ilgili süslemenin icrâsı tarafımdan
seslendirilerek karekodlara dönüştürülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda süslemelerin sabit değil, her icrâcının birikim ve kültürlenmesine göre çeşitlendirilmeye çok açık bir yapıya sahip olduğu ve ses icrâcılarının, küçük değerli işlemelerle
çeşitli zaman birimlerinde farklı kombinasyonlar yaparak alternatif süslemeleri oluşturulabilecekleri gösterilmiştir. Çalışmada sunulan süsleme alternatifleri, öğrencilerin doğaçlama kabiliyetlerinin ve süsleme çeşitliliği algılarının
geliştirilmesinde yön gösterici bir nitelik kazanmaktadır. Süslemelerin esnek sınırları ise, bestenin ezgi hattının tanınabilir kalması ve icrâcının alanıyla ilgili bir zevk geliştirebilmesi ile çizilmiştir. Meşk geleneğini yaşamış
icrâcıların ritmik yapıya bağlılık konusundaki tutumları da, konuyla ilgili fikir veren bir diğer faktör olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda süslemelerin beste yapılarıyla ilgili olup olmadığı sorusu sorularak, benzer
bir çalışmanın farklı formlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmesi önerilmiştir.
The Defense in the Rural of Myra (Demre) City in the Byzantine Period: Ayiveliler Fortress
Authors: İŞLER Bülent
Published: January 2022

Günümüzde Antalya iline bağlı Demre ilçe merkezini oluşturan Myra, doğuda Phaselis’ten başlayarak batıda Fethiye körfezine uzanan Likya bölgesinin yaklaşık ortasında yer alan antik bir kıyı kentidir. Myra Bizans döneminde yükselişe
geçerek 5. yüzyılda Likya bölgesinin dini ve idare merkezi haline gelmiştir. Kent konumu bakımından Akdeniz’deki deniz ulaşımında uğrak ve ikmal noktası olmasının yanısıra Hıristiyanlar için kutsal sayılan azizlerin röliklerini
içeren kiliseleriyle dini bakımdan önemli bir yere sahipti. Akdeniz bölgesinde Likya, istila ve korsanlık/haydutluk faaliyetlerinin en yoğun olduğu bölgelerin başındadır. Likya bölgesinin coğrafi konumu tarih boyunca bölgeyi korsanlar
ve yabancı güçler için açık bir hedef haline getirir. Özellikle Anadolu’da Pers istilalarının olduğu, M.Ö. 5. yüzyıl sonu ile M.Ö. 4. yüzyıl ilk yarısı Likya kent devletlerinin hem kendi aralarında hem de işgalci dış güçlerle mücadele
ettikleri zorlu bir dönemdir. Likya bölgesinin MS. 43 yılında İmparator Cladius’un emriyle Roma eyaleti haline gelmesinden sonra istila ve korsanlık faaliyetlerinin giderek azaldığı görülür. Bölgenin huzur ortamı 7. yüzyıl başlarında
Sasaniler ardından 300 yıla yakın süren Arap saldırılarıyla bozulur. Söz konusu saldırılardan özellikle kıyı kentlerin oldukça çok etkilendiği görülmektedir. Nitekim saldırıların yoğun olduğu dönemlerde, insanların daha güvenli
olan dağlık kırsal alana çekildikleri mimari kalıntılarla desteklenir. Kırsalda yaşayan halk denizden gelebilecek tehlikelere karşı, kıyı boyunca uzanan yamaçlara ve önemli geçitlere savunma ve gözetleme amaçlı yapılar oluşturmuşlardır.
Saldırıların yoğun olduğu Klasik ve Helenistik dönemlerde kule görünümlü korunaklı çok katlı binalar, tarımla uğraşan insanların yaşam yeri olmuştur. Kule çiftlikler Roma ve Bizans döneminde kullanılmakla birlikte 7.-9. yüzyıllardaki
Sasani ve Arap istilaları zamanında ek olarak çok sayıda küçük kale inşa ederek kırsal alanın güvenliğini sağlanmıştır. Myra kentinin kuzeyindeki kırsal alanda yürütmekte olduğumuz yüzey araştırmalarında Antik dönemden kalma kule
çiftlik evler dışında Bizans döneminde inşa edilmiş bir dizi küçük kale tespit edilmiştir. Bizans dönemi kaleleri özellikle Myra kentinden Kasaba ovasına uzanan, yaklaşık 20 km uzunluğundaki vadinin üst kesimlerinde, denizi ve
vadiyi görecek biçimde konumlanmıştır. Kaleler kuşkusuz hem dağlık alanda yaşayan halkı hem de vadinin içindeki eski Roma yolunu korumak amaçlı inşa edilmiştir. Bu yapılardan biri makalenin konusunu oluşturan Ayıveliler mevkiinde
bulunan kaledir. Makalede kalenin mimari özelliklerinin tanıtılması, diğer savunma yapılarıyla birlikte kırsal alanın güvenliğindeki yeri ve öneminin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Wall Paintings in Ürgüp Sucuoğlu Mansion and Their Conservation Problem
Authors: TEKİNALP Ayşe Pelin ŞAHİN
Published: January 2022

Ürgüp, Kapadokya Bölgesi yerleşmelerinin en önemlilerinden olup Nevşehir’in 20 km doğusunda yer almaktadır. Bölge gayrimüslim nüfusun yoğun olarak yaşadığı bir bölge olmasına karşın Müslüman nüfusa ait mahallelerde konut ve dini mimari
yoğunluğu da dikkati çekmektedir. Bu konutlardan günümüze ulaşmış olan ve dikkati çeken konut günümüzde Sucuoğlu Konağı olarak bilinen konut olup çalışmamızda başodasında yer alan iki kent manzarası aktarılacaktır. İstanbul ve
Edirne manzaraları belgeci olması dikkati çekerken dönemin ruhuna uygun imgelerle dolu olması farklıdır. Her iki kente de gökyüzünde aynı anda zeplin, balon ve uçak görülmesi kayda değer bir özellik olarak dikkati çeker. İstanbul’un
20. yüzyıl başındaki kalabalık olmasının yanı sıra boğaz trafiği betimlenirken bütün camiler ve köprüler de görülmektedir. Edirne manzarası ise köprü, tren, camilerin üzerinde zeplin ve uçaklar ile dikkati çeker. Çalışmada İstanbul
ve Edirne kentlerinin nasıl betimlendiği anlatılırken değişim ve gelişmelerle birlikte dönemin gündeminde yer alan gökyüzündeki yenilikler ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun bu gelişmeleri nasıl izlediği gösterilecektir. Tarihte hiçbir
an yoktur ki balon, uçak ve zeplin aynı anda hem İstanbul hem de Edirne’de havada yer alsın. Dolayısıyla Osmanlı İmparatorluğu havacılık açısından yenilikleri takip ettiği yayınlardan anlaşılırken duvar resimlerinin görsel haber
aracı gibi kullanıldığını söylemek olasıdır. Resmin günümüzdeki durumu içler acısıdır. Sprey boyayla yazılmış ve kazınmış aşk itirafları, tarihi ve kültürel mirasın cahil, vandal insanların elinde hoyratça zarar gördüğünü gösterir.
Bu çalışmada resimler üzeri boyanmadan önce çekilen fotoğraflarla değerlendirilecektir.
The Castle of Eskihisar
Authors: BAHAR Bilge
Published: January 2022

Bu makalenin konusunu oluşturan Eskihisar Kalesi, Bizans dönemindeki adı Niketiaton olduğu düşünülen Gebze, Eskihisar Köyü’nde yer almaktadır. Makale kapsamında, Niketiaton’un yeri, kalenin tarihi ve mimari özellikleri tartışılmıştır.
İç kale, planı, konut ve şömine gibi mimari unsurları ile dokuzuncu ve on dördüncü yüzyıllar arasında savunma açısından önem kazanan Bithynia Bölgesi'nin savunma, ulaşım ve ticaret ağını oluşturan savunma yapıları arasında ilginç
bir örnektir. Kuzeybatı ve batı Anadolu'daki diğer savunma yapıları ile yaptığımız karşılaştırmalar sonucunda iç kalenin kısmi çerçeveli teknik ve tuğla bezemeler içeren malzeme ve teknik uygulamalarının, Foss tarafıdan Lydia yapılarında
tespit edilen ve Laskarisler dönemine tarihlenen uygulamalar ile benzerlik kurarak on üçüncü yüzyıla tarihlendirilebileceğini düşünüyoruz. Bölgenin tarihi arkaplanı göz önüne alındığında, iç kale Körfezin Ioannes Vatatzes döneminde
yeniden Bizans egemenliğine girdiği 1241 yılı sonrasına, on üçüncü yüzyılın ikinci yarısına tarihlenebilir. Foss tarafından verilen tarihlendirme önerileri tarih kayıtları ile uyumludur ancak kalenin malzeme ve teknik verileri
kaynaklarda Niketiaton hakkında verilen kayıtlar ile uyumsuz olarak daha geç bir tarihe işaret etmektedir. Bizans savunma yapıları hakkında kapsamlı ve detaylı çalışmaların az sayıda olması malzeme ve teknik değerlendirmeye dayalı
tarihlendirme yapabilmek için yeterli karşılaştırma verisinin olmamasına neden olmuştur. Malazgirt Muharebesi ile İstanbul'un fethi arasındaki dönemde özellikle kuzeybatı Anadolu'da inşa edilen savunma yapılarının detaylı bir şekilde
incelenmesinin Bizans ve Osmanlı tarihi ve mimarisi açısından önemli veriler sağlayacağı açıktır.
Primary Cutaneous Plasmacytosis with Calcinosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sanjana AS
Published: January 2022

Primary cutaneous plasmacytosis is a rare disorder. Cases have been mostly reported from Japan. Here, a rare case of cutaneous plasmacytosis with calcium deposits was reported from southern part of India. A 47-year-old male patient presented with solitary asymptomatic nodule on the left leg present for two decades. Skin biopsy showed sheets of plasma cells in mid-dermis with bony trabeculae extending upto subcutis which was unremarkable. Serum electrophoresis did not reveal any M band and Bence Jones protein was absent in urine. Radiograph of the left leg showed focal lesion with calcific areas in soft tissue shadow with probability of calcification. Novelty of the case lies in its rare clinical presentation in this population with histopathological documentation.
Patterns and Correlates of Alcohol Use- A Retrospective Study in a Secondary Care Hospital Setting
Authors: Jacob Jibi Achamma , Edward Rhenius , Kuruvilla Anju
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Alcohol use in India has been increasing over the years, and it results in myriad medical and psychosocial problems. Primary and secondary care physicians can play a unique role in the early recognition and treatment of patients with alcohol problems. Aim: To determine the prevalence of different patterns of use of alcohol and factors associated with it among patients presenting to the psychiatry clinic in a secondary hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients attending the Psychiatry Department in a secondary care hospital in a semi-urban area of southern India who attended the clinic between 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016 was made. Data regarding alcohol use and other clinical and socio-demographic details were analysed. Bivariate and multivariate statistics was used to identify factors associated with dependence pattern of alcohol use. Results: A total of 103 charts, which documented substance use were analysed of which 78 documented alcohol use in the subjects. The mean age of the sample was 44.09±13.18 years and majority (97.43%) were males. The prevalence of a dependence pattern of alcohol use was 83.4%. Factors associated with alcohol dependence were being married, greater daily expenditure on alcohol, greater number of days of alcohol use in a month, presence of a co-morbid medical diagnosis, problems with employment and marital discord. Depression was present in 33 (42.3%) individuals and it was the most commonly associated psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in secondary care settings. Tackling this problem requires a combination of strategies including early and effective medical and psychosocial intervention in addition to public health strategies and legislation to regulate the availability and consumption of the substance.
Clinicopathological Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern India
Authors: Senapati Surendra Nath , Samanta Dipti Rani , Avinash Ajitesh , Parida Maitree , Mohanty Sugyan Nandan , Bhuyan Sanat Kumar , Mallik Rabi Narayan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Head and Neck cancer is most common cancer in developing countries like India. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common site of head and neck malignancy. Various histopathological factors prognosticates the therapeutic outcome. Clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC in Asian countries somehow differ from Western countries. Aim: To report the different clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC due to paucity of the literature even though it is one of the most common malignancy in India. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the medical records of 1753 patients of OSCC who satisfied the eligibility criteria and were treated at a tertiary cancer centre at Cuttack, Odisha, India, from January 2009 to December 2019. Clinicopathological profile of the included subjects were noted. The data was analysed in the month of March 2021 using descriptive statistics such as mean, median, maximum, minimum value and percentage using International Business Machine (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Total of 1753 patients were analysed with the mean age of 50.55±12.56 years, however, majority 492 (28.1%) were in the age of 40-49 years. Male predominance was observed in 1379 (78.7%) patients. Buccal mucosa was the most common primary site in 731 (41.7%) patients, (41.7%) followed by the tongue in 359 (20.5%) patients. Left side lesion was seen in 1008 (57.5%) patients while 734 (41.9%) patients had lesion at right side. Morphologically, ulceroinfiltrative lesion was the most common presentation constituting in 897 (51.2%) patients. Maximum tumour size was 2.91±1.25 cm. Maximum number of patients i.e., 1529 (87.2%) had grade I disease. Mean Depth of Invasion (DOI) was 8.67±4.50 mm. Lymphovascular Space Invasion (LVI) was positive in 123 (7%) patients and Perineural Invasion (PNI) was observed in 565 (32.2%) patients. Resected margin was positive in 203 (11.6%) patients. Cervical lymph node involvement was found in 691 (39.4%) patients and 28 (1.6%) had extracapsular extension. In the present study, most of the patients presented in advanced stage of the disease i.e., stage III 380 (21.7%) and stage IV 506 (28.9%). Conclusion: The present study highlights that majority of OSCC presents in younger age groups, as left side buccal mucosal lesion with advanced stages of disease. This scenario is due to poor lifestyle pattern which can be prevented by avoidance of tobacco consumption, active screening, public awareness and early diagnosis.
Évaluation des retombées d’un programme destiné à des familles vivant dans des conditions difficiles : réflexion sur leur pouvoir d’agir
Authors: Hamel Sylvie , Lacharité Carl , Pellerin Maud , Lepage Andrée-Anne , Montambeault Jean , Chicoine Chantal
Published: January 2022

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche dont l’objectif était de faire l’évaluation des retombées du Programme de Renforcement des Familles (PRF), implanté en 2011 dans deux quartiers défavorisés de la ville de Trois-Rivières. Cette recherche s’intéressait à savoir si l’expérience du PRF a permis aux familles y ayant participé de créer des liens entre elles et, plus globalement avec leur communauté. Les résultats découlant d’entretiens réalisés auprès de 20 parents et de 12 membres de la communauté donnent à réfléchir sur le pouvoir d’agir de ces familles de même que sur celui des intervenants qui les accompagnent.
An Action Plan to Modernize Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation Information Practices in Canadian Electronic Health Record Systems
Authors: Lau Francis
Published: January 2022

This brief report contains a summary version of the proposed action plan to modernize gender, sex, and sexual orientation (GSSO) information practices in Canadian electronic health record (EHR) systems. The plan was co-created by a research team with guidance from the Infoway Sex and Gender Working Group, organizations and communities involved with sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and those with lived and living experiences as SGM. The plan describes seven high level actions needed to improve the principles, approaches, policies, and processes of defining, collecting, organizing, sharing, and using GSSO information in EHRs.
Accounting for Complexity and Context in Implementation through Coaching, Convening, and Co-Design: A New Intermediary’s Approach
Authors: Notarianni MaryAnn , Hosseiny Fardous
Published: January 2022

The Centre of Excellence on PTSD (the Centre) is a new Canadian intermediary established in part to support the uptake of evidence-based practices among service providers treating veterans. Given the unique and complex landscape for veteran mental health service delivery, the Centre is developing networks and prioritizing co-design to address anticipated implementation challenges.
Physicochemical Properties of Organophilic Clay Developed Using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Chloride (HDTMAC) Modifier
Authors: Inya Agha Inya , Uzoamaka Ibezim-Ezeani Millicent , Chidi Obi
Published: January 2022

Aims: Ogwuta clay from Unwana in the South Eastern part of Nigeria was modified by ion exchange reaction using hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HDTMAC).

Study Design: This study was analyzed experimentally and instrumentally.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The sample collection, literature search, experiment, results and analysis lasted for one and half years.

Methodology: Physicochemical and thermal properties of the clay were determined after modification using classical and spectroscopic techniques. A combination of the wet and dry method (X-ray Fluorescence) was used to determine the metal oxide composition. Other techniques included; Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetry (TG). The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was determined using the methylene blue method with a value of 16.4 meq/100g after modification.

Results: The product was slightly acidic with pH 4.3. Silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), Na+, and K+ were found to be 47.58 %, 18.99%, 2.27, and 0.23% respectively. The clay was limited in mineral impurities with 0.0% T4+, 0.41% Mg2+, and 0.11% Ca2+ but high in carbonaceous matter with loss on ignition (LOI) of 13.17%. A C-H asymmetric stretching was visible around the 2931.9 cm-1 region as revealed by the Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis. The X-Ray Diffraction analysis of the modified clay showed a basal spacing of 8.121 Å. Also, the X-Ray Diffractogram revealed kaolinite as the major clay mineral with the presence of quartz and polygorskite.

Conclusion: This study posits that the modified clay can be potentially suitable for the adsorptive removal of organic contaminants in aqueous and real life media.
An Evaluation of Stress Induced by Neet Coaching among School Children
Authors: Gayathri K. Esha , Sridevi G. , Preetha S.
Published: January 2022

Aim: Stress is the feeling of emotional or physical tension. The body produces a surge of emotions when you are in a stressful situation. Human beings of all age groups are more prone for stress. Students are more stressed due to the huge syllabus, pressure from family and parents. Stress causes immune suppression and myocardial infarction. In today’s highly competitive world, students face various academic problems including exam stress, disinterest in attending classes and inability to understand the subject. It can cause students to be unable to perform to their full potential in an exam. The purpose of the present study is to examine the prevalence of the effect of NEET coaching stress among private secondary school students in Chennai.

Materials and Methods: Participants were 115 adolescent students from private                    secondary schools in Chennai who were studying in grades 10, 11 and 12. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique and were assessed using a study-specific questionnaire.

Results: Most of the students reported higher stress levels, but males reported significantly higher stress levels than females. The main sources of stress were examinations, academic reasons, and family troubles. The students’ main responses to stress were listening to music, talking with someone about the problem, and exercise.

Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Private high school students in Chennai report high levels of NEET coaching stress. As such there is a need to develop effective interventions to help these students better manage their stress and anxiety.
Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effect of Stevia and Neem Based Herbal Formulation
Authors: Selvapriya S. , Priyadharshini R. , Rajeshkumar S. , Sinduja Palati
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Nanotechnology is being used in developing countries to treat diseases and prevent health issues. Stevia, conjointly stated as Stevia rebaudiana member of the chrysanthemum family, a subgroup of the Asteraceae family. Azadirachta indica is a native tree to Asian nations. Azadirachta indica could facilitate the fight against plaque buildup and stop periodontal disease. Applied science in drugs needs the employment of nanoparticles to transmit the drug, heat, lightweight, or alternative substances to specific cell sorts like cancer cells.

Aim: In this present investigation, Stevia and Neem-based plant extract was prepared and analyzed its anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects.

Materials and Methods: The plant extract was prepared and an anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effect was done using a UV-Beckmann spectrometer. The anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared using plant extract was investigated by albumin denaturation assay. The results of the test were described as the standard deviation and analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. For the cytotoxic activity, wells are used, wherein the mortality rate of the shrimps was estimated when the plant extract mediated of nanoparticles of different concentrations was added.

Results: The nanoparticles synthesized using the stevia and neem extract showed the highest absorbance at a concentration of 50µL (90%) when subjected to inhibition of albumin denaturation assay to check for its anti-inflammatory activity. Brine shrimp lethality was done and the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was found to be increasing with increasing concentration of the administered nanoparticles.

Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of Neem and Stevia mediated nanoparticles showed a successful outcome in both the assays.
Effect of total body irradiation lung block parameters on lung doses using three‐dimensional dosimetry
Authors: Luk Samuel M. H. , Wallner Kent , Glenn Mallory C. , Ermoian Ralph , Phillips Mark H. , Tseng Yolanda D. , Kim Minsun
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Total body irradiation (TBI) is an integral part of stem cell transplant. However, patients are at risk of treatment‐related toxicities, including radiation pneumonitis. While lung dose is one of the most crucial aspects of TBI dosimetry, currently available data are based on point doses. As volumetric dose distribution could be substantially altered by lung block parameters, we used 3D dosimetry in our treatment planning system to estimate volumetric lung dose and measure the impact of various lung block designs.

Materials and methods

We commissioned a TBI beam model in RayStation that matches the measured tissue‐phantom ratio under our clinical TBI setup. Cerrobend blocks were automatically generated in RayStation on thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) scans from three anonymized patients using the lung, clavicle, spine, and diaphragmatic contours. The margin for block edge was varied to 0, 1, or 2 cm from the superior, lateral, and inferior thoracic borders, with a uniform margin 2.5 cm lateral to the vertebral bodies. The lung dose was calculated and compared with a prescription dose of 1200 cGy in six fractions (three with blocks and three without).

Result

The point dose at midplane under the block and the average lung dose are at the range of 73%–76% and 80%–88% of prescription dose respectively regardless of the block margins. In contrast, the percent lung volume receiving 10 Gy increased by nearly two‐fold, from 31% to 60% over the margins from 0 to 2 cm.

Conclusions

The TPS‐derived 3D lung dose is substantially different from the nominal dose assumed with HVL lung blocks. Point doses under the block are insufficient to accurately gauge the relationship between dose and pneumonitis, and TBI dosimetry could be highly variable between patients and institutions as more descriptive parameters are not included in protocols. Much progress remains to be made to optimize and standardize technical aspects of TBI, and better dosimetry could provide more precise dosimetric predictors for pneumonitis risk.