bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Poor” archeological levels not to be forgotten: units of Middle and early Upper Magdalenian age in El Mirón Cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria, Spain)
Authors: Lawrence Guy STRAUS undefined , Manuel R. GONZÁLEZ MORALES undefined
Published: September 2021

This succinct contribution focuses on description and preliminary interpretation of “minor” occupations of the large, strategically located El Mirón Cave on the edge of the Cantabrian Cordillera in eastern Cantabria (Spain) during the Middle and early Upper Magalenian that followed upon the massive, culturally rich, faunally dense, functionally complex deposits of the Initial and Lower Magdalenian. The ten levels analyzed here date to the Late Glacial, c. 15.5-12.5 uncal kya BP. At a time when the classic Middle Magdalenian of the nearby French Pyrenees developed and major residential sites with clear social links to it (via the key site of Isturitz) were occupied in the lowland coastal zone of Cantabria and Asturias (e.g. La Garma, Llonín, La Viña), El Mirón had reverted for the most part to the role of a short-term, special-purpose, perhaps logistical campsite, rather than as a long-term, large-scale hub residential base. It is tempting (and indeed traditional) to focus on levels with large numbers of lithic and osseous artifacts, as well as works of portable art and personal ornaments, which are so characteristic of the most famous Magdalenian occupations. However, in hunter-gatherer subsistence systems, the “minor” locations played a significant role in the human exploitation of territories (especially ones with such complex, high relief as Cantabrian Spain). The levels in question here include some that can be interpreted as hunting camps (suggested by high percentages of worked and unworked bladelets and some antler points within the small assemblages), partially reminiscent of the use to which the cave may have been put during pre-Initial Magdalenian times, notably during the Solutrean, which was relatively rich in stone points.
Waiving COVID-19 Vaccine Patents: A Bad Idea and a Dangerous Precedent
Authors: Pitts Peter J , Popovian Robert , Weingarden Wayne
Published: September 2021

The Biden Administration believes that suspending COVID-19 vaccine patents will expedite the swift development of high quality “cheap” versions of existing vaccines and hasten the pandemic’s end. This view is dangerously wrong. Vaccinating the world is essential, but temporarily waiving patent rights for COVID-19 vaccines (also known as “compulsory licensing”) will actually slow their availability to the developing world.

 

While providing no gain, compulsory licensing promises lots of pain. Waiving patent protection discourages cutting-edge research investments, which in turn produce breakthrough treatments not just for COVID-19, but for other diseases, like cancer. Weakening these protections would be anti-patient and counterproductive.

 

The reality is that, in order to save the world, we must all work together as partners. The remarkable speed with which we developed diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines to combat COVID-19 points to the need for more collaboration, not less. Patents are a foundational principle upon which that success rests.

 

While the policy of temporarily waiving patents seems fair and humanitarian, the devil is in the details.  Such a policy will not result in a single citizen of the developing world getting vaccinated one minute sooner. In fact, the unintended consequences are the reverse. More confusion, lower quality, less transnational cooperation. A triple play of disastrous global proportions.
Wikipedia and culture of remembrance: The problem of naming war crimes in Yugoslavia
Authors: Janjić Stefan
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research, based on content analysis, is to identify the model of naming articles on war crimes in the former Yugoslavia on the Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian versions of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, which we observe in this context, following C. Pentzold, as ". global memory place". The sample covers topics that (a) appear on two or three versions of Wikipedia and that (b) are dedicated to war crimes committed during the World War II and the breakup of Yugoslavia. A comparative analysis of the titles of these articles was conducted with the intention of determining the degree of similarity, as well as to consider the potential causes of the difference. The degree of similarity of the titles on war crimes is bigger in the articles concerning the joint struggle of the three nations in the World War II. In contrast, articles dealing with intergroup conflicts during the breakup of former Yugoslavia are characterized by far lower similarity of titles, which are sometimes completely contradictory. The titles of articles on these three versions of Wikipedia do not only serve to indicate a certain term or event, although it is their basic and most common function, but also to emphasize the interpretation of a sensitive topic.
Effect of ionizing radiation on barley growth effects of ionizing radiation of seeds on the initial growth of barley, determination of the frequency and spectrum of mutational variability in M1 morphological properties
Authors: Tokhetova Laura , Baizhanova Bibigul , Nurymova Raushan , Nurzhanov Danabek , Nurgaliev Nurali
Published: September 2021

Gamma irradiation technology is considered to be very promising for trait-based plant modification. The effect of g-irradiation on the germination, growth, and productivity of daughter generations of barley M1 and M2 is highly relevant. The aims of the study was the creation of a source material for barley breeding in the form of mutant lines with selectively valuable traits, by treating seeds with ionizing radiation using an electron accelerator of the Park of Nuclear Technologies JSC (Kurchatov, Republic of Kazakhstan); as well as to improve and expand the classical methods of breeding based on induced mutagenesis in creating an original gene pool of the source and breeding material of barley for the accelerated and effective introduction of stress tolerant(to salinization and drought) varieties into production in the conditions of Aral Sea impacted landscapes. Seeds of the two varieties of barley were treated with five doses of radiation (from 50 Gy to 250 Gy). The germination and various morphological characteristics of their seedlings at different growing phases were compared with the non-irradiated (control) treatment. The results of this preliminary study showed that both treated varieties were sensitive to the g-irradiation and showed suppressed morphological properties, where the highest dose of 250 Gy showed most inhibiting effect resulting in death of barely seedling. The results obtained will be applied for the further expanded research with other specified doses of g-ray treatment of seeds in order to create a basis in strengthening and deploying full-scale breeding work for diversified crop production in the region and improving existing varieties for further breeding.
Effect of liming of sod-podzolic soils with by-products of steel production on soil acidity and composition of wash water (column experiments)
Authors: Lavrishchev Anton , Litvinovich Andrey , Pavlova Olga , Bure Vladimir
Published: September 2021

The waste slag materials from metallurgical plants contain calcareous materials, such as blast furnace (BFS) and converter slags (CS) of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant. However, the widespread use of these materials is limited by the presence of harmful impurities in their composition that can have a negative effect on soils and plants. The aim of our research is to study the effect of liming of soddypodzolic soils with metallurgical slags on the pHKCl value and the composition of the wash water. In a model experiment on columns, the migration ability of alkali metals from soils of light granulometric composition was studied after using two phases of steelmaking waste as a lime material. Research results indicate that the ameliorative properties of BFS and converter slags were different. When liming with BFS slag, a month after composting, the pHKCl value increased to 5.1 units. Studied soil from the category of "strongly acidic" moved to the category of "weakly acidic". When liming with the converter slag, the pHKCl value of the soil increased from 4.1 to 4.7 (the soil from the "strongly acidic" category moved to the "medium acidic" category). With an increase in the period of washing, the pH of the infiltration water increases. In the treatments with the use of BFS slag this increase was higher due to the continuing dissolution of ameliorants and the higher chemical activity of BFS slag. The liming led to intensive migration of alkaline earth metals. In the treatments limed with more soluble (chemically active) BFS slag, calcium losses were higher. Empirical estimation of alkaline earth metals leaching from the soil allowed to model the dynamics of the base migration. The dynamics of Ca and Mg migration from the soil were fundamentally different (content of Ca decreased, and of Mg increased). The dynamics of Ca migration from the soil limed with converter slag was most pronounced in comparison with the Ca dynamics for BFS slag and the Mg dynamics in all treatments.
It Only Works if it All Works: An Analysis of Integrated Marketing Communications and its Application for Enrollment Management Marketers
Authors: Huebner Christopher
Published: September 2021

With the challenges presented by a constricting marketplace and shifting demographics, enrollment marketers are under increased pressure to improve recruitment outcomes. To recruit, enrollment marketers must navigate an increasingly complex media environment effected by, media fragmentation, cluttered media experiences, multitasking and evolving media-related consumption behaviors, disjointed customer journeys and shorter paths to purchase. Outside of the industry, this has sparked a renewed interest in integrated marketing communications and cross-channel synergies. Drawing on a review of relevant academic research and guided by enrollment marketing needs, the author offers insight and cross-media applications to strengthen integrated marketing efforts across consumer touchpoints. With an enhanced understanding of integrated marketing communications (IMC) and cross-channel effects, practitioners can develop more effective recruitment campaigns and produce better marketing outcomes.
Grounding to Giving:
Authors: Manalili Michael Mookie C.
Published: September 2021

Through its embodied systematic mysticism, the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius has formed the Jesuit order and countless Ignatian educators. Upon analysis of the Principle and Foundation (§23) in the beginning and the Suscipe (§234) at the end, the movement from the philosophical universal to the particularity of 'this-ness' can be seen. The Principle and Foundation, both etymologically hinting at the prior [Latin: ‘principum’] and the ground [Latin: ‘fundare’], begins with a beautiful cosmology of how the world is oriented towards the return-gift back towards God. However, God is spoken of here in the third-person. Yet, by the time of the Suscipe [English: ‘receive’], the theme is still on the gifted-ness of life and world. However, God is addressed in the second-person here as if face-to-face – the Divine “You”. This movement from the universal to the particular invites the exercitant to gaze into the eyes of Christ Crucified. In doing so, particularly in the Third Week, the exercitant gazes into the iris of God who reflects back the gaze of Love - pointed at those Whom God loves, those in the margins. The Spiritual Exercises thus extends the invitation to incarnate the two-fold nature of the greatest commandment. As it is in the Second Ending of the Book of John, the invitation of gift is extended from the divine Vine to the branches: “Amas me? Pasce oveas meas. Sequere me. // Do you love me? Feed my sheep. Follow me.”
Seeking Grace in the Chasm:
Authors: Heeder Megan
Published: September 2021

A hermeneutic of unity between beauty and virtue, inspired by the work of Gregory of Nazianzus, offers a way to seek the Holy Spirit’s presence in the apparent chasm between the church and the secular realm. This paper describes beauty’s role in Gregory of Nazianzus’ poetry and orations and analyzes how adopting Gregory’s hermeneutic of unity between beauty and virtue can strengthen the church’s relationship with the secular sphere. The paper’s second part draws on Karl Rahner’s conception of the anonymous Christian to detail how a willingness to recognize virtue’s beauty in the public sphere can open the ecclesial community to the Holy Spirit’s movement both within and beyond the church.
“Not There as Strangers or Silent Spectators”:
Authors: Julia Erdlen
Published: September 2021

What is Holy Thursday with no Eucharist to break and share? What is the sign of peace with no physical embrace? What is a Catholic, Sunday service without a priest, deacon, or consecrated hosts? Six months ago, these were hypothetical questions reserved for academics, for sacramental and liturgical theologians. In March, these became the questions of every Catholic who could no longer inhabit the pews of their church. Many churches quickly adapted to the pandemic with the practice of live streaming or uploading videos of the Sunday Mass, with the only difference in the service being the lack of a congregation and choir. These churches sought to provide ‘the same’ Sunday services under unprecedented circumstances and with little previous experience with online worship. However, a streamed mass could not possibly be the same for the laity without physical participation, the call and response between the priest and the assembly, and the reception of the Eucharist. This paper argues that virtual, interactive, lay- led Sunday services can more faithfully imitate the spirit of the Vatican II document, Sacrosanctum Concilium, in fostering the full and active participation of the assembly than streamed or pre-recorded masses. Despite being a departure from what was previously considered acceptable Sunday worship, in the time of pandemic there are broad dispensations from the obligations of the faithful to attend a Sunday mass. Therefore, lay Catholics are not restricted to a binary choice between viewing mass in a physical or virtual way, and have the freedom to seek out opportunities to pray together in ways that foster their full and active participation in Sunday worship.
Incorporating Queer, Housing Insecure Perspectives into Eucharistic Theology
Authors: Kozee Barbara Anne
Published: September 2021

This paper uses queer systematic theology and theological anthropology to argue that the Christian Eucharistic tradition is one of radical table fellowship rooted in desire for intimacy with the margins. Including queer people, the issues facing the community, and queer theory at the Eucharistic table therefore requires that we take homelessness seriously and consider alternative approaches to economic justice.
The Testimony of Moses in the Fourth Gospel: Beyond the Passover Feast, and into the Wilderness
Authors: Page, S.J. James
Published: September 2021

By examining the narrative framing of the Eucharistic Discourse (Jn 6:25-71) around the ancestral journey through the wilderness as recorded in Numbers, this paper highlights the intimate connection that the Fourth Gospel has to its Jewish context. In the Fourth Gospel’s Eucharistic Discourse, Jesus is not framed by the Passover Lamb, which the people offer to propitiate the Divine, but as manna from heaven, a gift from the Divine to the people, brining Life into the world. In the spirit of Nostra aetate, I conclude with some proposals for future interreligious dialogues that could fruitfully take place within these new parameters.
Aquinas and Alison on Reconciliation with God
Authors: Sextro Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

This paper compares the concept of reconciliation in the works of Thomas Aquinas and James Alison through a soteriological lens. For both authors, the problem of sin confronts humanity with grave implications for our salvation that cannot be fixed on our own; therefore, Christ must enact a new way for humanity to live in right relationship with God. The paper examines Thomas and Alison’s anthropologies through the lens of three questions regarding salvation: What does sin do to the human?; What does Christ have to do because of sin?; and finally, What does Christ enable humans to do in order that we may participate in reconciling ourselves to God?
Encountering Christ: Karl Barth and Mysticism
Authors: Holmes Austin
Published: September 2021

By virtue of his insistence on the once and for all revelation of God in Jesus Christ, Karl Barth’s theology has sometimes been perceived as hostile to mysticism and contemplative spirituality. Allegedly, the significance of ongoing encounters with God is lost under the weight of the proclamation of Jesus Christ as the decisive moment of God’s dealing with humankind. A closer reading of Barth, however, reveals a different story. Interestingly, no serious survey of Barth’s thought on mysticism exists. This paper will seek to address this gap in scholarship by briefly exploring Barth’s relationship to mystical theology through engagement with his work, especially on 1) Union with God, 2) existentials of the theologians, and 3) Barth’s ecstatic socialism. Contrary to the general assumptions, Barthian theology represents an undeniably rich, and modern, mystic sensibility. Aside from challenging scholarly misrepresentations of Barth, the paper raises the question of how dogmatic theology and religious experience came to treated separately in the historical development of the church and theological scholarship.
I Didn’t Know that I Was Starving ‘Til I Tasted You: 18th Century Moravian Women’s Ecstatic Experience of Bridal Mysticism in Communion and Marital Sexuality
Authors: Wilkening Ann-Catherine
Published: September 2021

Against recent moves to exoticize Moravian sexual practices, this project is an attempt to understand how sexuality and religion intersect and relate to each other in Moravian piety and theology. In the mid-18th century, Moravians practiced a deeply sensual and erotic form of bridal mysticism. Christ, the bridegroom and lover of the believer, became uniquely tangible to the Moravian in their experience of Holy Communion, as well as in sexual encounters with their spouse. This paper examines the realization of this union in the experience of Moravian women through their spiritual autobiographies (Lebenslauf) as well as the manuals for sexual intercourse in the 18th century Moravian Choir Instructions. During communion, women consumed the body of their eternal bridegroom with their own bodies, drawing close to Christ and nourished themselves through the ritualized breaking and bleeding of Jesus for their salvation. Moravians also understood marital sexual intercourse to be a blessed, liturgical act ordained by God and was it therefore an extremely ritualized act in which a husband represented Christ and a wife the Church. In encountering their husbands, Moravian women could encounter Christ. Sex was carefully directed to ensure its sacredness as well as the comfort of the couple.
The Küme Mongen and the Reign of God
Authors: Del Villar M. Soledad
Published: September 2021

This paper attempts to offer a theological reflection that compares two concepts from two different religious traditions that deal with a similar concern: guiding humanity and the cosmos to flourishing and abundant life. On the one hand, I will consider the Küme Mongenthat comes from the Mapuche people of Chile and Argentina. On the other hand, I will consider the concept of the reign of God, so central to the Gospels and re-articulated frequently in Christology, specifically, Latin-American liberation theology. First, I will explain the context from which Küme Mongenemerges and give an account of the central ideas of this concept. Second, I will give an account of the treatment of the reign of God in J.A. Pagola and J. Sobrino’s Christology. Finally, I will explore the possible connections between the Mapuche vision of fruitful life and the Kingdom of God, opening possible paths for mutual learning and understanding between the Mapuche and the Christian religious traditions.
The Orations of the Cappadocian Fathers on Lepers
Authors: Calleja Carlo
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to understand what might effectively serve to exhort the practice of the virtue of solidarity with the socially alienated. Three orations on lepers: one by Gregory of Nazianzus, and two by Gregory of Nyssa, will be studied. The methods used to engender the virtue of solidarity with the lepers in these orations will be analyzed. Redefining classical Greek virtues in a Christian theological framework; sensitizing the listeners by appealing to emotions through the use of concrete examples; attempting to restore alienated kinship by retrieving kinship language; and encouraging a tangible encounter with lepers prove to be important elements. How the Gregorys appealed to non-Christians will also be considered. I conclude that through these three orations, the Gregorys teach us that the conviction to cultivate the virtue of solidarity is inculcated by engaging closely with those whose identity appears different from one’s own.
“To Evangelize the Poor”
Authors: Kelly James E.
Published: September 2021

In this essay, I will examine the scriptural basis for Origen’s interpretation of Luke 4:18-19 as an allusion to Jesus’ identity as savior, not as a call to social justice. I argue that this interpretation is consistent with the intentions of the gospel writer. The essay begins with an analysis of the gospel writer’s redaction of Mark 1 in Luke 3-5. Based on that redaction, I hypothesize that Luke intends to emphasize Jesus’s identity with the anointed one mentioned in Isaiah 61:1-2. This excerpt from Isaiah not only gives Luke 4:18-19 its Christological significance but also clarifies Luke’s understanding of poverty in relation to the Gospel. I then examine Origen’s application of the Lucan passage for his pastoral purposes. To conclude, I suggest that we, like Luke and Origen, read Scripture Christocentrically in order to better facilitate the church’s encounter with Christ during the liturgy.
The Art of Dying Well according to Erasmus of Rotterdam and Teresa of Ávila
Authors: Sieruta Dominika
Published: September 2021

Contemporary conversations about death and dying are lost and unsatisfying on many levels. This phenomenon subsists not only in fields like bioethics, but also in religion and spirituality. Modern culture is preoccupied with seeking ways to live a longer, youthful life, ignoring the inevitable forthcoming of death. One period during which the topic of death and dying was reflected upon by the common Christian was between the fifteenth and the seventeenth centuries, during which a specific genre of literature was formed: ars moriendi. This genre attempted to provide intellectual, cultural and religious answers as to how death should be understood and ritualized. Two spiritual writers who contributed to the understanding of ars moriendi are Desiderius Erasmus and Teresa of Ávila. What unites these figures of the Catholic tradition is their attempt to show that preparation for death is a lifelong process of cultivating appropriate virtues.
Green Purchase Behaviour: A Move towards Environmental Sustainability- An Application of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
Authors: Jeevitha J. , Hemalatha S. , Lavanya S. Moghana , Anandhi V.
Published: September 2021

Green purchase behaviour refers to the purchase of environmental friendly products. It is considered to be one of the most important measures to attain environmental sustainability. Present study aims towards identifying factors influencing green purchase behaviour and to establish a relationship between the factors. Using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), a hierarchical structure has been extracted illustrating the contextual relationship between the factors. Environmental knowledge occupied the lowest form of the hierarchy which is found to be the basis for green purchase behaviour. MICMAC analysis has been applied to group the factors according to their driving power and dependency. Environmental knowledge, environmental concern, eco-labelling, product quality, and brand image have a strong driving power towards green purchasing behaviour. Green purchase intention and green purchase behaviour are highly dependent on other factors.
Screening of Zinc Database against Streptococcal Cysteine Protease Enzyme for Identification of Novel Group A Streptococcus Inhibitors
Authors: Bhowmik Ratul , Nath Ranajit , Roy Ratna
Published: September 2021

Inhibition of streptococcal cysteine protease has recently emerged as quite a promising target to treat severe cases of Group A Streptococcus infections. For the identification of streptococcal cysteine protease inhibitors, structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) of the ZINC Database was performed. The docking protocol was performed with the help of AutoDock Tools and AutoDock Vina software. Based on binding affinity and similarity of interactions with our target receptor streptococcal cysteine protease, 4 hit compounds were identified, which were further subjected to ADMET (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity) and Drug-likeness to identify the best hit compound. The most potent compound showed binding of -7.7 KJ/mol with receptor streptococcal cysteine protease. It also showed 6 similar amino acid interactions with the receptor’s native ligand along with good ADME and Drug-likeness properties. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed that the complex formed between the protein streptococcal cysteine protease and the hit compound ZINC000205429716 had good structural stability. The current study reveals the successful use of in silico SBVS methods for the identification of novel and possible streptococcal cysteine protease inhibitors, with compound ZINC000205429716 serving as a potential lead for the creation of Group A Streptococcus inhibitors.
α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Glycemic Index of Chocolate Incorporated with Selected Spices
Authors: Srinu Dhanavath , Baskaran D.
Published: September 2021

The present study was carried out to evaluate the α-glucosidase, α-amylase, sucrase inhibition and glycemic index of chocolate prepared by incorporating selected spices i.e., fenugreek, black cumin, coriander and cinnamon in the form of powders at different equal levels of substitution at 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The spices incorporated chocolate showed α-glucosidase inhibition in the range of 27.36 to 48.28% at 50 to 150µl concentration. The glycemic index of developed chocolate was found to be lower than the control chocolate, which was attributed to the incorporation of spices. The results of the present study revealed that the chocolate prepared by incorporating different spices is low glycemic in nature.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN DI PT SARANA BANDAR LOGISTIK
Authors: Prabowo Febri Indra , Keke Yulianti , Istidjab Bambang
Published: September 2021

Perkembangan perusahaan pelayaran dalam bidang pengangkutan dan penanganan muatan dari waktu ke waktu semakin menjadi kepedulian konsumen. PT Sarana Bandar Logistik, anak perusahaan PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (PELNI) yang melaksanakan kegiatan logistik tranportasi laut di negara kita, diharuskan mengembangkan kualitas pelayanan kepada konsumen dengan menaikan kualitas kerja masing-masing bidang dengan melaksanakan sistem, metode atau yang sudah di atur pada kegiatan bongkar muat di pelabuhan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang siginifikan dari variabel Strategi Pemasaran dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian dengan kontribusi sebesar 59,3%, dan 40,7% merupakan pengaruh dari faktor lain. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan penulis menyimpulkan bahwa strategi pemasaran dan kualitas pelayanan secara bersama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada keputusan pembelian konsumen pada PT Sarana Bandar Logistik.
A framework for developing community‐focused medical physics outreach programs
Authors: Santoso Andrew P. , Jupitz Sydney , Lin Christie
Published: September 2021

Purpose

In STEM education and careers, underrepresented minorities (URMs) experience higher attrition than non‐URM counterparts. Informal educational experiences, such as outreach, have been identified to increase URM awareness and enrollment in STEM. The objectives of this work were to (1) elucidate the current state of racial and ethnic diversity in medical physics and (2) provide a community‐focused framework for building effective outreach programs geared toward K‐12 URM students and their families.

Methods

Self‐reported racial and ethnic identity data from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) members were obtained to identify the percentage of URM members. Outreach programming was developed for home or away events. Home events occurred at the University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Medical Physics; away events occurred at public community institutions that served URM and economically disadvantaged populations. Demonstrations, hands‐on activities, and presentations covered radiation detection, radiotherapy, medical imaging, and medical physics career paths. High school students were asked about their awareness of medical physics prior to outreach events. Likert‐scale surveys evaluated student level of agreement (1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree) that home events increased their career interests in medicine and physics and interest in pursuing STEM coursework.

Results

Average percentage of AAPM URM members was 10.7% from 2014 to 2020. From 2016 to 2020, 42 outreach events occurred near or within the Madison metro area. Over 1900 individuals participated in outreach events, with 50 participants on average per event. The majority of home event participants indicated their interest in medical careers increased (65.4%) and were inspired to pursue more STEM courses (73.1%) after the program.

Conclusions

Our medical physics outreach program demonstrates a means of increasing awareness and interest around medical physics, particularly for underrepresented individuals. This article addresses gaps in the literature for how to create and implement effective, community‐focused medical physics outreach programs.
Free toolkit to help programs with Ca. tobacco law
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2021

Under a new law signed by California Gov. Gavin Newsom, all alcohol and drug addiction treatment programs must assess for and treat tobacco problems.
Tunable Toroidal Response in a Reconfigurable Terahertz Metamaterial
Authors: Chen Chunxu , Kaj Kelson , Huang Yuwei , Zhao Xiaoguang , Averitt Richard D. , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2021

Compared with the traditional electric and magnetic multipoles, the existence of a dynamic toroidal moment has received increasing interest in recent years. This is due to its novel electromagnetic response, including dynamic non‐radiating charge‐current configurations and non‐reciprocal interactions. Reconfigurable terahertz metamaterials where artificial toroidal metamolecules and traditional microelectromechanical systems bi‐material cantilever structures are integrated within the same unit cell are presented. Through modification of the bending angle by thermal actuation, the toroidal dipole intensity increases by five orders of magnitude in the out‐of‐plane direction with an overall increase in the toroidal intensity of nearly an order of magnitude. Terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy is used to determine the evolution of the transmission as a function of the bending angle. This enables numerical confirmation of the toroidal response using multipole decomposition with additional confirmation provided by phase analysis. The results demonstrate the use of bi‐material cantilevers to realize a tunable toroidal moment with potential applications in sensing and next‐generation communication technologies.
Molecular thermodynamics for amino‐acid adsorption at inorganic surfaces
Authors: Gallegos Alejandro , Wu Jianzhong
Published: September 2021

The interaction of polypeptides and proteins with an inorganic surface is intrinsically dependent on the interfacial behavior of amino acids and sensitive to solution conditions such as pH, ion type, and salt concentration. A faithful description of amino‐acid adsorption remains a theoretical challenge from a molecular perspective due to the strong coupling of local thermodynamic nonideality and inhomogeneous ionization of both the adsorbate and substrate. Building upon a recently developed coarse‐grained model for natural amino acids in bulk electrolyte solutions, here we report a molecular theory to predict amino‐acid adsorption on ionizable inorganic surfaces over a broad range of solution conditions. In addition to describing the coupled ionization of amino acids and the underlying surface, the thermodynamic model is able to account for both physical binding and surface associations such as hydrogen bonding or bidentate coordination. It is applicable to all types of natural amino acids regardless of the solution pH, salt type and concentration. The theoretical predictions have been validated by extensive comparison with experimental data for the adsorption of acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids at rutile (α‐TiO2) surfaces.
Theoretical Study on NHC−Ag(I)/Au(I) Catalyzed Mobius Versus Wagner‐Meerwein Rearrangements of 2‐Methyl‐N‐methoxyaniline
Authors: Huang Guanglong , Fang Yu‐Qi , Ni Shao‐Fei , Li Ming‐De , Dang Li
Published: September 2021

A theoretical investigation on Mobius and Wagner‐Meerwein rearrangements of 2‐methyl‐N‐methoxyaniline catalyzed by NHC−Ag(I)/Au(I) catalysis is presented in this work, which reveals that the reaction mechanism depends on the oxidative state tendency of the metal center. The calculated results show that Ag+/Au+catalyzed rearrangements of 2‐methyl‐N‐methoxyaniline undergo three main steps: the cleavage of the N−O bond via oxidative addition, stepwise methoxy Mobius rearrangements, and the stepwise 1,2‐proton transfer from phenyl ring to amine to restore aromaticity of phenyl ring. We find that both the methoxy Mobius rearrangement and the following stepwise 1,2‐proton transfer are the rate‐determining steps of the whole reaction in the NHC−Ag(I)/Au(I) catalysis systems. Based on our computational results, we predict that 2‐methyl‐N‐methoxyaniline catalyzed by NHC−Ag(I)/Au(I) may produce 2‐methyl‐6‐methoxyaniline as the major product, which is a double‐ortho‐ and multi‐substituted aniline.
Seizures after Ischemic Stroke: A Matched Multicenter Study
Authors: Ferreira‐Atuesta Carolina , Döhler Nico , Erdélyi‐Canavese Barbara , Felbecker Ansgar , Siebel Philip , Scherrer Natalie , Bicciato Giulio , Schweizer Juliane , Sinka Lucia , Imbach Lukas L. , Katan Mira , Abraira Laura , Santamarina Estevo , Álvarez‐Sabín José , Winklehner Michael , von Oertzen Tim J. , Wagner Judith N. , Gigli Gian Luigi , Serafini Anna , Janes Francesco , Merlino Giovanni , Valente Mariarosaria , Gregoraci Giorgia , Conrad Julian , Evers Stefan , Lochner Piergiorgio , Roell Frauke , Brigo Francesco , Bentes Carla , Peralta Ana Rita , Melo Teresa Pinho e , Keezer Mark R. , Duncan John S. , Sander Josemir W. , Tettenborn Barbara , Koepp Matthias J. , Galovic Marian
Published: September 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for acute symptomatic seizures and post‐stroke epilepsy after acute ischemic stroke and evaluate the effects of reperfusion treatment.

Methods

We assessed the risk factors for post‐stroke seizures using logistic or Cox regression in a multicenter study, including adults from 8 European referral centers with neuroimaging‐confirmed ischemic stroke. We compared the risk of post‐stroke seizures between participants with or without reperfusion treatment following propensity score matching to reduce confounding due to treatment selection.

Results

In the overall cohort of 4,229 participants (mean age 71 years, 57% men), a higher risk of acute symptomatic seizures was observed in those with more severe strokes, infarcts located in the posterior cerebral artery territory, and strokes caused by large‐artery atherosclerosis. Strokes caused by small‐vessel occlusion carried a small risk of acute symptomatic seizures. 6% developed post‐stroke epilepsy. Risk factors for post‐stroke epilepsy were acute symptomatic seizures, more severe strokes, infarcts involving the cerebral cortex, and strokes caused by large‐artery atherosclerosis. Electroencephalography findings within 7 days of stroke onset were not independently associated with the risk of post‐stroke epilepsy. There was no association between reperfusion treatments in general or only intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy with the time to post‐stroke epilepsy or the risk of acute symptomatic seizures.

Interpretation

Post‐stroke seizures are related to stroke severity, etiology, and location, whereas an early electroencephalogram was not predictive of epilepsy. We did not find an association of reperfusion treatment with risks of acute symptomatic seizures or post‐stroke epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:808–820
Effect of degree of ripening on the quality of virgin olive oils produced in Longnan, China
Authors: Lü Xiaofei , Ma Junyi , Yan Huiqiang , Yang Lihua , Ren Xiaoxia , Guo Junwei , Yong Qiaoning , Kong Weibao , Deng Yu
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this work was to study the effect of different ripening degree (0–7) on quality of two monovarietal olive oils (Arbequina and Arbosana) produced in Longnan region, located in the northwest of China, Gansu province. The qualitative characteristics of oils are evaluated by analysis of the principal quality parameters and chemical composition, such as: free acidity, peroxide value, K232, K270, oxidative stability, fatty acid composition, total phenols, flavonoids content and flavor profile. The maximum oil yields were obtained for both varieties at a ripening degree of 7 (13.26% and 23.59%). The Arbequina and Arbosana oils contained oleic acid (ranged 53.16%–58.92% and 66.30%–74.30%, respectively) and linoleic acid (ranged 15.51%–18.77% and 7.25%–9.45%), respectively. The ratio of MUFA/PUFA ranged from 2.93 to 3.77 and 6.73 to 9.84, respectively. The ratio of 18:1/18:2 presented ranges of 2.84–3.79 and 7.02–9.94, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the total polyphenols (83.48–140.53 and 118.32–230.00 mg GAE⋅kg−1), flavonoids (0.43–9.00 and 10.20–5.51 mg RE⋅kg−1) and the oxidative stability. E–Nose could effectively identify and distinguish between different varieties and ripening degree of olive oil, especially that change in the W1W (sulfur‐organic) sensor. A principal component analysis showed that the particular effect of ripening degree in the cultivars olive oils.
Separation of racemic mixtures of sn‐1(3)‐monoacylglycerols by enantioselective‐HPLC/ELSD
Authors: Fotia Vincenzo , Potortì Angela Giorgia , La Torre Giovanna Loredana , Di Bella Giuseppa , Saitta Marcello
Published: September 2021

Enantiomeric separations were performed on five modified polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) containing cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose‐1), cellulose tris(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose‐2), cellulose tris(4‐methylbenzoate) (Lux Cellulose‐3), cellulose tris(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose‐4), amylose tris(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Amylose‐2) by high‐performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector. A method for direct separation of pairs of sn‐1(3)‐monoacylglycerols (MAGs) was established using n‐hexane/2‐propanol as the mobile phase. The washing of CSPs with mobile phases based on n‐hexane/2‐propanol, containing small amount of acids, improved considerably the efficiency of separations. Racemic mixtures of sn‐1(3)‐MAGs with different acyl chains could not be directly separated using only one of the columns tested; employing a tandem column system that consisted of a very short silver‐loaded column connected downstream with Lux Cellulose‐1 the method allowed, for the first time, the separation of four enantiomeric pairs of standard in a single chromatographic run.
Measurement of effective cure shrinkage of epoxy‐based molding compound by fiber Bragg grating sensor using two‐stage curing process
Authors: Kim Changsu , Phansalkar Sukrut Prashant , Lee Hyun‐Seop , Han Bongtae
Published: September 2021

Cure shrinkage accumulated only after the gel point is known as effective cure shrinkage (ECS), which produces residual stresses inside molded components. The ECS of an epoxy‐based molding compound (EMC) is measured by an embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. Under a typical molding condition, a high mold pressure inherently produces large friction between EMC and mold inner surfaces, which hinders EMC from contracting freely during curing. A two‐stage curing process is developed to cope with the problem. In the first stage, an FBG sensor is embedded in EMC by a molding process, and the FBG‐EMC assembly is separated from the mold at room temperature. The molded specimen is heated to a cure temperature rapidly in the second stage using a constraint‐free curing fixture. Several technical issues have to be taken into considerations to ensure that (1) EMC does not pass the gel point before it reaches the cure temperature, and (2) EMC cures uniformly around the FBG during measurements. The ECS of an EMC with a filler content of 88 wt% is measured by the proposed method, and its value is 0.077%. The repeatability of the proposed method is corroborated by the results of a duplicate test.
Thiol Functionalised Supports for Controlled Metal Nanoparticle Formation for Improved C–C Coupling
Authors: Potter Matthew E. , Le Brocq Joshua J. M. , Oakley Alice E. , McShane Evangeline B. , Mhembere Panashe M. , Carravetta Marina , Vandegehuchte Bart D. , Raja Robert
Published: September 2021

The myriad applications of metal nanoparticle systems have individual demands on their size, shape and electronic states, demanding novel synthetic methods to optimise these properties. Herein we report our method of exploiting strong thiol‐Pd binding as a precursor for forming small, uniform Pd nanoparticles on activation. We validate our approach with a range of characterisation techniques and contrast our design strategy with an analogous wetness impregnation method, showing the drastic improvements for catalytic C−C coupling. The presence of the thiol groups offers greater control over nanoparticle formation, particularly temperature resolution on activation, potentially allowing more targeted nanoparticle formation procedures.
Promoting the Phosphidation Process using an Oxygen Vacancy Precursor for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Xing Jingbo , Chen Junwei , Liu Chao , Qi Xiaopeng
Published: September 2021

Based on previous works, most of the transition metal phosphides (TMPs) were directly prepared by decomposing NaH2PO2 with the precursors at high temperatures, which resulted in different degrees of phosphidation in the final product. Therefore, it is necessary to design an innovative approach to enhance the degree of phosphidation in the material using crystal defects. Here, oxygen‐vacancy iron oxide/iron foam (Ov‐Fe2O3/IF) was firstly prepared by generating oxygen vacancy in situ in an iron foam through heating in vacuum conditions. Subsequently, FeP/IF was formed by phosphating Ov‐Fe2O3/IF. Under the effects of oxygen vacancies, oxygen‐vacancy iron oxide could be completely phosphatized to produce more active sites on the surface of the material. This, in turn, could result in a catalyst with exceptional hydrogen evolution activity. Thus, the successful fabrication of FeP/IF demonstrated in this work provides an effective and feasible way for the preparation of other high‐efficiency catalysts.
Revealing the binding properties between resorcinol and DNA
Authors: Zeng Guofang , Chen Fengping , Lei Yating , Zhou Like , Yang Xi , Guo Hui , Tuo Xun , Guo Ying
Published: September 2021

Resorcinol (1,3‐dihydroxybenzene) is a common coupling agent in permanent hair dyes, and has arrested people's attention for its potential hazard to human health. However, the action mechanism of resorcinol and human DNA has not been elucidated. In this research, the binding properties between resorcinol and calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) were studied for the first time through various spectral and molecular docking techniques. Spectral studies showed that the initial fluorescence quenching of resorcinol against DNA was a static one. The result of ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0 was produced from thermodynamic experimental data, therefore it could be concluded that electrostatic force was the major driving force, while binding constant Kb was 1.56 × 104 M−1 at 298 K. The electrostatic binding network between resorcinol and ct‐DNA was established explicitly through competitive substitution analysis and other spectral approaches. The results of FT‐IR absorption spectra indicated that resorcinol had bound to the DNA phosphate skeleton. Molecular docking clearly revealed that binding occurred between hydroxyl groups of resorcinol and phosphorus oxygen bonds (P–O) of the DNA skeleton. These findings may deepen our understanding of the action mechanism between resorcinol and ct‐DNA and provide some useful data on the effect of resorcinol on human diseases.
Exhaustion of coronary vasodilatory reserve in the resting state: Clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes after intervention
Authors: Vallurupalli Srikanth , Salehi Negar , Agarwal Shiv , Hasan Rimsha , Hassan Atif , Siraj Aisha , Madmani Mohammed Eid , Rafeedheen Rahil , Ayan Mohamed , Al‐Hawwas Malek , Hakeem Abdul , Uretsky Barry F.
Published: September 2021

Objectives/Background

Resting coronary blood flow approximates flow with maximal vasodilation in very severe coronary stenosis. We studied the incidence of exhausted vasodilatory reserve by FFR, its clinical characteristics and long‐term prognosis after FFR guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing FFR‐guided PCI for coronary stenosis with reduced resting blood flow (baseline Pd/Pa < 0.8) were included. Basal maximal vasodilation (BMV) was defined as less than 5% difference between resting Pd/Pa and FFR, that is, FFR‐baseline Pd/Pa < 0.05.

Results

Of 658 vessels that underwent FFR‐guided PCI in 602 patients, 151 vessels had resting blood flow in the ischemic range (baseline Pd/Pa ≤ 0.8) and were included in the analysis. Of these, 28 lesions in 28 patients met criteria for BMV (4.25% of the entire registry and 18.5% of those with the reduced basal coronary flow). Stenosis severity was a significant predictor of the presence of BMV. In long term follow‐up (median 106 ± 3.6 months), BMV was not associated with increased target vessel revascularization (TVR) or major adverse cardiac event compared to non‐BMV(OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.7–4.8, p‐value 0.2 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.75–2.5, p = 0.3, respectively).

Conclusion

Low baseline Pd/Pa that approximates fractional flow reserve (exhausted vasodilatory reserve) defines a subgroup of patients with severe coronary artery stenosis. Prognosis, when treated with PCI along with medical therapy, appears similar to those with intact vasodilatory reserve.