bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sulphur and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)
Authors: Dev J. P. Alan , Dawson Joy
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice based on one year of experimentation. The treatments which are T1: Sulphur at 20 kg/ha + GA3 at 50 ppm, T2: Sulphur at 20 kg/ha + GA3 at 100 ppm, T3: Sulphur at 20 kg/ha + GA3 at 150 ppm, T4: Sulphur at 30 kg/ha + GA3 at 50 ppm, T5: Sulphur at 30 kg/ha + GA3 at 100 ppm, T6: Sulphur at 30 kg/ha + GA3 at 150 ppm, T7: Sulphur at 40 kg/ha + GA3 at 50 ppm, T8: Sulphur at 40 kg/ha + GA3 at 100 ppm, T9: Sulphur at 40 kg/ha + GA3 at 150 ppm, T10: Control (RDF) 20:40:20 kg NPK/ha are used. The application of Sulphur at 40 kg/ha + GA3 at 150 ppm, recorded significantly higher Plant height (109.00 cm), number of nodules per plant (50.60) Plant dry weight (52.02 g/plant). Significantly maximum pods/plant (42.33), Seeds/pod (13.00), Seed index (33.47 g), Seed yield (1.79 t/ha), stover yield (3.59 t/ha), Harvest index (33.28 %) were recorded with the treatment of Sulphur at 40 kg/ha + GA3 at 150 ppm. Higher gross returns (Rs. 1,25,237.00 /ha), net return (Rs. 80,487.00 /ha) and benefit-cost ratio (1.80) were obtained in the treatment of Sulphur at 40 kg/ha + GA3 at 150 ppm.
Advancements in Breeding Strategies for Enhancing Wilt and Root Rot Resistance in Castor (Ricinus communis L.): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kashyap Abhishek , Delvadiya I. R.
Published: August 2023

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an economically important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide for its versatile uses in various industries. However, the cultivation of castor is challenged by wilt and root rot diseases caused by fungal pathogens, leading to significant yield losses. Enhancing wilt and root rot resistance in castor is crucial for sustainable and productive cultivation. This review explores advancements in breeding strategies for enhancing resistance against these diseases through various approaches along with  introduction to castor cultivation and the challenges posed by wilt and root rot diseases in castor. It emphasizes the importance of breeding for disease resistance and discusses the significance of genetic diversity in castor germplasm. Traditional breeding approaches including phenotypic selection, recurrent selection, hybridization, mutation breeding and polyploidy induction are examined for their effectiveness in introducing and accumulating resistance genes and traits. Biotechnological approaches such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), genetic transformation and RNA interference (RNAi) are highlighted as powerful tools for targeted selection and manipulation of specific genes associated with disease resistance. The utilization of physiological and biochemical approaches including understanding host-pathogen interactions, elicitor-induced defense responses and metabolic engineering are discussed for enhancing resistance mechanisms in castor. These advancements offer promising avenues for accelerating the development of wilt and root rot-resistant castor varieties.
Flowering Mechanism in Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum)
Authors: Selvi V. Manimozhi , Nirmalakumari A.
Published: August 2023

Since kodo millet is a self-pollinated plant, it is essential to understand the factors that influence the length of the flowering period, pollination behaviour, and seed set in order to improve breeding programme effectiveness and yield stability while also boosting productivity. Kodo millet flowers remain closed because they are cleistogamous in nature. They have tiny florets. Emasculation and artificial hybridization are challenging because pollen is less readily available. There are also only a few sources of information. To get around this, the current inquiry was started. It aims to gather fundamental data from a variety of sources of literature, and then, with the use of fieldwork this text was prepared.
Farmer’s Satisfaction towards PMFBY Scheme in Trichy District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Iniya V. , Padma S. R. , Ramasamy D. Periyar , Parimalarangan R. , Ganapati Patil Santhosh
Published: August 2023

Crop insurance is one of the risk management strategies that can help farmers manage hazards more effectively. The third-largest crop insurance plan, PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana), serves as a relief programme for farmers whose crops have been affected by a natural calamity. The aim of the study was to determine the satisfaction level of farmers regarding PMFBY scheme in Trichy district. The research was conducted during the year 2022 by using the “ex-post facto” research design. Three villages from each block of the Thuraiyur and Uppiliyapuram were purposefully chosen for the study based on having a higher percentage of insured farmers. Respondents were selected by proportionate sampling from each village, and the sample size was 120. The data were collected using structured interview schedule and the primary data was analysed using descriptive statistics, cumulative frequency method and chi-square test. The study's findings revealed that most of the insured farmers (65.00%) were middle-aged, 77% male had a middle-school education, owned small amounts of land (60.83%), had a medium level of information (65.78%), had crop loans from cooperative banks (50%) and had medium level of risk orientation and economic motivation. Regarding satisfaction, more than half of the respondents (68.33%) of the insured farmers reported a medium level of satisfaction with the PMFBY scheme. The factors viz., risk orientation, farm size, information sources, educational attainment, and the frequency of disaster occurrence all revealed a positive significant relationship with the satisfaction level of insured farmers at a 5% level of probability. Farmers' satisfaction was found to be modest in the study. As a result, accountable officials must conduct awareness campaigns, educate farmers before to or during crop cutting experiments, make the loss assessment process flexible and straightforward, and distribute claims prior to the start of the following season.
Methyl Eugenol (Parapheromone) Trapping System on Diversity of Fruit Flies and Influence of Weather Parameters on Trap Catches in Mango and Guava Cropping Systems
Authors: Dineshkumar S. , Kannan M. , Soundararajan R. P. , Boopathi N. Manikanda , Jayakanthan M. , David K. J.
Published: August 2023

Studies on species diversity and influence of weather parameters on methyl eugenol (parapheromone) trap catches were carried out in mango and guava orchards at Coimbatore and Dindigul Districts of Tamil Nadu from Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) 16th to SMW 25th. Species diversity indices were calculated, and the methyl eugenol trap catches were correlated with the weather parameters. The results revealed that four fruit fly species viz., Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Guava fruit fly, B. correcta (Bezii), B. caryeae (Kapoor), and Peach fruit fly, B. zonata (Saunders), were attracted to the parapheromone methyl eugenol traps. Among them the population of B. dorsalis was higher in both mango and guava orchards of Coimbatore and Dindigul Districts. The highest species diversity indices for fruit flies viz., Shannon H’ (0.936) and Simpsons D’ (0.593), evenness (0.468), and richness (0.482) were observed in guava orchard located in Coimbatore District, and the minimum diversity indices Shannon H’ (0.254), Simpsons D’ (0.921), evenness (0.160), and richness (0.291), were observed in mango orchard located in Dindigul District. The maximum number of fruit flies were trapped in 19th SMW in mango orchards in both Districts 134 and 145 flies/three traps, respectively. In Coimbatore District’s guava orchard and Dindigul District's mango orchard, trap catches revealed a significant positive correlation with rainfall. The subsequent weather parameters like max. temperature, min. temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity, were either positively or negatively correlated with trap catches in mango and guava orchards. In multiple regression analysis, the maximum predictability was seen in mango orchard (75.54%) located in Coimbatore District and the minimum (66.68%) in mango orchard located in Dindigul District.
Influence of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Turnip (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Sneha M. S. , Deepanshu  , Noushad Reenu
Published: August 2023

An experiment entitled the Influence of organic manures and Inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of turnip (Brassica rapa L.) cv. Purple Top white globe was conducted at  Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj during, Rabi season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with fifteen treatments combination and three replications in which Farmyard manure (FYM), Poultry manure, Vermicompost were used. Among all the treatments, T11 (80% Nitrogen + 10% FYM + 10% Vermicompost) showed significant result in terms of  plant height (29.13cm), maximum number of leaves/plant (13.81), higher Shoot weight (166.81g), maximum Root diameter (7.40 cm), average root length (9.04 cm), average fresh weight/ plant (162.59 g), average root yield (55.77 q/ha), ascorbic acid (36.19 mg), TSS (6.08o Brix).
Management of San Jose Scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) by HMOs and Insecticides in Apple Orchards of Kashmir, India
Authors: Ahmad Muneer
Published: August 2023

Apple is attached by number of insect pests, among them San Jose Scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) is key pests. San Jose scale (SJS) attacks temperate fruit crop in the state of J&K. It sucks sap from, twigs, branches, and fruits, weakens the plant and the fruits having scale infestation is rendered unthrifty and unmarketable. The pest causes great loses to apple in quantity and quality and debilities apple tree by vigour and health. The objective of this study was to examine efficacy of HMOs as dormant sprays at different concentrations to manage San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) and two insecticides viz Chlorpyriphose 25EC and Dimethoate 30Ec at different concentrations were checked for their bio-efficacy in same orchard in late spring during 2021-22. On the basis of pooled data for years for revealed that highest cumulative mean mortality (79.48%) was recorded with the application of Bal spray at concentration of 2.5% followed by 77.56%. mortality of SJS @ 2.5% concentration by HP oil. Chlorpyriphose recorded 71.98% pooled mean mortality at 0.03 5 concentration.
Effect of Boron and Lime on Boron Transformation in a Fluvaquentic Humaquepts Soil Concerning Uptake and Yield of Green Gram
Authors: Das Hiren , Devi N. Surbala , Venu Nakeertha , Sarkar Animesh , Tamalam Akhil Dev , Devi Laishram Nikita
Published: August 2023

Understanding different fractions and availability of boron (B) is essential while studying the response of crops towards B. Fractionation provides information about the chemistry of B and quantifies its bioavailability. Therefore, a pot experiment was performed during the 2019 pre-kharif season in acid soil to study soil B fractions and response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) to B application. Lime is applied to such soils with the primary objective of increasing the productivity of crops by enhancing the availability of native and applied plant nutrients. On the contrary, availability of B in soil was increase due to liming. The treatments comprised of five levels of soil applied B (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg B kg−1) and two levels of lime, lime and no lime was used. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The soil and pant growth parameters were recorded at a regular interval of 15 days after sowing, and at harvest. All the result revealed that the changes in different fractions of B (viz., readily soluble, specifically adsorbed, oxide bound, organically bound, residual and total B), its plant uptake and yield of green gram are significantly affected by the application of B and lime.  All the fractions contribute towards plant available boron form. Inter conversion between B fractions was also observed. The application of B and lime significantly influenced different B pools, boron uptake and yield of green gram.
Isolation and Identification of L-asparaginase Producing Bacteria from Soils of Different Agroclimatic Zones of Jammu (J&K), India
Authors: Manhas Sweeta , Sharma Vikas , Chaubey Asha
Published: August 2023

A milestone was set in the field of medicine with the discovery of L-asparaginase present in the serum of guinea pig responsible for action against the acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, the use of L-asparaginase as a potential anti-cancer drug has been a great success in the field of modern oncology. Despite its varied sources, new sources are continuously being explored to obtain a high therapeutic index drug. The study aims to isolate potential L-asparaginase producing microorganisms from environmental niches of Northwestern Himalayas. The climatic conditions of the region and ancient agricultural practices which are still being followed in these areas, add up to the diverse microbial repository and a potential habitat which can be explored to obtain a potent asparaginase producing microbial source. In the study, soil samples from different regions of Jammu were collected aseptically. From the isolation studies, a total of 44 bacterial isolates were obtained. Pure cultures were then screened for asparaginase activity both qualitatively as well as quantitatively using agar plate and nesselerization method. Screening studies resulted in the isolation of a potent L-asparaginase producer isolated from black gram soil sample of Rajouri, Jammu showing an enzyme activity of 9.14 U/ml. Based on biochemical and molecular approaches, the isolate was identified as Enterobacter aesburiae strain R16C1 / No. MT93543. The study resulted in the isolation of a pure bacterial culture from the soils of Northwestern Himalayas possessing anti-cancer asparaginase activity. Further, optimization studies can help in considerably increasing the enzyme activity which can be tested against different human cancer lines for its anti-cancer efficacy.
Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas L.): A New Alternative Host of Two Phytoplasmas Associated with Coconut Lethal Yellowing Disease in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ouattara Bognan Winnie Miyasi , Kra Kouamé Daniel , Kouakou Yadom Yao François Regis , Toualy Marie Noel Yeyeh , Diallo Hortense Atta
Published: August 2023

Aims: Coconut Lethal Yellowing Disease has been threatening coconut plantations in Côte d'Ivoire for ten years and has destroyed more than 400 ha. The destruction of the coconut palm leads to phytoplasmas conservation on other plants grown in association or near of the disease outbreaks. Thus, the search for possible alternative host species was conducted.

Methodology: Surveys were carried out in infected coconut plantations, in order to describe symptoms associated with phytoplasma infections and to collect leaf samples of plant species other than coconut. Symptomatic and non-symptomatic leaves of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) were collected for DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was subjected to molecular characterization.

Results: Mosaic and leaf reduction symptoms were observed on sweet potato leaves. From these samples, two phytoplasma strains were associated. Molecular analysis showed the presence of the endemic phytoplasma strain belonging to the 16SrXXII-B subgroup ʺCandidatus Phytoplasma palmicolaʺ. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis also revealed the presence of a new phytoplasma strain, sharing 99% similarity with 16SrIV group strains ʺCandidatus Phytoplasma palmaeʺ.

Conclusion: The detection of these strains confirms sweet potato for the very first time, as an alternative host for coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasmas in Côte d'Ivoire.
Enhancing the Resistance of Quinoa to Alternaria Leaf Spot through the Application of Microalgae and Organic Manure
Authors: Singh Jasveer , Rajveer  , Kalla P. N. , Simon Sobita , Singh Shubham , Choudhary Naseeb
Published: August 2023

In order to assess the impact of an eco-friendly approach on plant development and yield of the quinoa crop, a Randomized Block Design (RBD) field experiment was carried out in Central Research Farm (CRF) at Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P. during the Rabi season of 2019-2020. Alternaria are extremely difficult to control, result in significant yield losses, and lower the economic value of the crop plants in traditional production systems. Chemical fungicides including antrocol, captan, difolaton, dithane M-45, and blitox-50 provided effective control but are harmful to the environment. Other potential management strategies for Alternaria diseases include the use of bio-control agents, therapeutic plants, other plant-based products, etc. Cow dung, goat manure, and microalgae were the organic amendments employed as treatment. The Alternaria spp. that cause Quinoa leaf spot were shown to be most susceptible to the treatment T6, which contained cow dung at a rate of 6 tons per hectare, microalgae at a rate of 2.5 kilograms per hectare, and goat manure at a rate of 3 tons per hectare. The maximum plant height (cm) at 40, 80, and 120 DAS is 62.29, 90.48, and 117.31, respectively. At 120 DAS, the same treatment produced a maximum yield of (23.45 q/ha). The same treatment yielded the highest gross return, net return, and cost- benefit ratio, which were, respectively, Rs. 70350/ha, 41326/ha, and 1:1.42. Based on the results, it was determined that cow dung at 6 tons per hectare, microalgae at 2.5 kg per hectare, and goat manure at 3 tons per hectare were the most effective pesticides against Alternaria spp. of Quinoa in Prayagraj.
Survey of Unreported Psychiatric Morbidity Induced by Job Dissatisfaction among Teachers: Inferential Point of View
Authors: Soyinka Ajibola T. , Oyetola Shola , Olosunde Akinlolu A. , Wale-Orojo Oluwaseun A.
Published: August 2023

Elegant statistical methods for categorical data analysis are rapidly evolving and being adopted, particularly for biomedical and social sciences data analysis. This study presents a case study for the application of the discrete Johnson systems of distribution approach for the analysis of secondary school teachers’ job satisfaction (JS). This new approach accommodates relative frequency behavioural patterns in the analysis of categorical data using the entropy measure of discrete Johnson systems of distribution (DJSD). The approach offers a better alternative to the existing chi-square and likelihood ratio tests because it captures more shared information compared to known measures of association. A focus on the JS of about 393 teachers, showed that above 60% of the teacher’s eventually developed job dissatisfaction induced psychiatric disorders before the end of their career. Further examples were used to illustrate the applicability of the approach and enhance its reproducibility.
Population Mitigation Strategies to Geomorphic Hazards in Limbe West Coast, South West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Toumba Oumarou , Julius Manjoh Mfimchiim
Published: August 2023

Environmental hazards are one of the main problems affecting humanity, especially human settlement in hazard prone zones. The study investigates the population strategies to mitigate geomorphic hazards in Limbe within the past 20 years. Data collected through a sample of 200 questionnaires and interview, were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative statistical techniques. The results reveal that geomorphic hazards have been recurrent in Limbe particularly in the months of June, July and August where the average number of days for rainfall is 27 days in a month. The frequency of hazards occurrence is very often and is highly significant at P=0.000. It also reveals that mitigation measures such as raising foundation, use solid structures and embankments, vary from one area to another within the selected sample sites. Thus, the management strategies to mitigate geomorphic hazards are still lagging behind as there is lack of sensitization/education, good rehabilitation schemes on the part of the authorities to make population avoiding flood and landslide prone zones. Therefore, there is need of management plan for geomorphic hazards in particular and disaster risk management in general that should integrate all stakeholders for a co-management between the Limbe city council and the communities in risk prone areas.
Towards Incorporation in Larger Architectures: A Polymeric Halogen Bond‐Based Iridium Sensor
Authors: Kampes Robin , Kleine Alexander , Langstein Silas , Zechel Stefan , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: August 2023

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a "click‐able" iridium(III) complex as halogen bond‐based anion sensor. The functionalization is exemplarily demonstrated by the attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) azide via a "copper‐click"‐reaction. Subsequently, the polymeric XB donor complex is characterized in depth with 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and MALDI‐ToF‐MS. Moreover, the anion binding capabilities are demonstrated with emission titrations revealing strong anion complexation. These findings emphasize the great potential of this approach to tune the complex's properties or include other functions such as cation complexation sites to exploit cooperative effects by using polymeric substituents on the iridium complex.
Synthesis of Self‐healing and Light‐, Thermal‐, and Humidity‐induced Deformative Polyurethane Actuator
Authors: Dong Chen , Yue Xiaolei , Zhang Yaodu , Wang Yucheng , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: August 2023

Intelligent actuating materials have drawn enormous attention because of their potential applications in soft robots, smart sensors, bionics, etc. Aiming to integrate light, thermal, and humidity stimuli deformations and self‐healing function into a single polymer, a smart actuating polyurethane material CPPU‐50 is designed and successfully synthesized through co‐polymerization of azobenzene‐containing Azo‐C12, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200), and 4,4'‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) at a ratio of 1:1:2. The obtained polyurethane CPPU‐50 exhibits good photoinduced bending, thermal responsive shape memory effect, humidity triggered deflections and self‐healing properties. Furthermore, an actuator combining light and thermal stimuli is created and the self‐healing CPPU‐50 film can withstand the object of 1800 times without tearing. This work can pave a way for further development of long‐lived multi‐stimuli‐responsive actuating devices and intelligent materials.
Analysis of Erosion Mechanism of Wear‐Resistant Layer in Large Blast Furnace Tuyere
Authors: Zhou Zhenxing , Zhang Jianliang , Zhang Lei , Jiao Kexin , Gao Tianlu , Zhu Wentao
Published: August 2023

The blast furnace tuyere is a crucial component for blast furnace production. The frequent damage of the copper tuyere impedes the smooth operation of the blast furnace. Welding a wear‐resistant layer on the tuyere can extend its service life, but it still falls short of the expectation in a large blast furnace. In this article, it is aimed to elucidate the erosion mechanism of the wear‐resistant layer. A scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive spectrometer, and an optical microscope are employed to examine the morphology, composition, and metallographic structure of the samples obtained from a 5800 m3 blast furnace tuyere in China, as well as to calculate the frequency of daily slag crust shedding from cooling staves. The results indicate that the main cause of the erosion of the wear‐resistant layer is the shedding of slag crust due to the temperature fluctuation of the cooling staves. Finally, the erosion mechanism of the wear‐resistant layer is proposed. It is suggested that the formation and propagation of cracks caused by erosion of slag and hot metal are the primary failure mode of the wear‐resistant layer.
People: The Starting Point and the Destination of Literary Criticism
Authors: Hu Yamin
Published: August 2023

The People is a primary concept of the Chinese form and is simultaneously the starting point and the destination of it. Inheriting historical materialism’s discourse, the concept of people in the Chinese form acquires a novel quality. “The people become a revolutionary aggregation of classes with broad common interests and an association based on but also transcend class,” and the people are all millions of real individuals. The people are the creators of history. Instead of regarding the masses or citizens mainly as the objects of salvation as Western Marxists, the Chinese form adheres to the subjectivity of the people and recognizes the people as the masters of the society. “The priority of people” is the prominent feature of the Chinese form. The relationship between literature and the people constitutes the cornerstone of the Chinese form. The Chinese form concludes and presents creative theoretical views on problems such as whom literature should serve and how to serve, and such clear and systematic inquiry is unprecedented in the history of Marxist literary criticism studies. Today, the relationship between literature and the people needs reconsideration and expansion. Interacting and mutual shaping with each other, the people and literature/art will open a new era.
The Political Dimension of Literary Criticism
Authors: Hu Yamin
Published: August 2023

This chapter sums up a threefold meaning of the concept of politics for classical Marxist writers which are intrinsically unified in historical materialism: (i) politics as a component of the superstructure in the social structure; (ii) politics as class interests and class struggle; (iii) politics as human emancipation. Since the twentieth century, the relationship between literature and politics has undergone a process of politicization (or over-politicization), depoliticization, and eventually repoliticization. In our new historical context, the connotation and extension of politics are changing from class politics to people’s politics, from macro-politics to micro-politics, and from explicit politics to implicit politics. The repoliticization (or the turning-back) and transformation of politics urge the Chinese form to re-examine the complex relationship and transformation between aesthetics and politics from theoretical and practical ways. On the relationship between politics and aesthetics, the Chinese form is supposed to deterritorialize the boundaries extrinsic or intrinsic in current literary criticism by envisioning that the criticism and its emancipation function are gestated precisely in aesthetics.
Marxist Literary Criticism in the Hi-Tech Era
Authors: Hu Yamin
Published: August 2023

With historical materialistic view of science and technology as the first productive force, the revolutionary influence of technology on literature and ideological construction function of science and technology are elaborated. For literary creation, high technology dismantles the content, structure, and expression of traditional literary texts, as well as to provide new opportunities for literature. It updates our understanding of the world, brings novel aesthetic experiences and imaginations, and urges innovative literary styles and structures, which leads to a restructuring of literary concepts. With its own unique attributes and advantages, contemporary literary creation should remain reflective and transcendent toward science and technology to facilitate human beings to achieve poetic dwelling in an age of high technology. As for reading, a digital era of “Internet reading” is coming followed by the era of “text reading” and “picture reading.” The convenience of “Internet reading” changes readers’ perception and thinking habits. The reshaping of the reading subject and the emphasis on “the reader’s autonomy” is the most fundamental strategy to deal with the shortcomings of the “Internet reading era” such as fragmentation of information, weakening of deep thinking and forgetting. The “Internet reading era” calls for readers with competence to choose, critical ability, and productive capacity.
Conclusion
Authors: Hu Yamin
Published: August 2023

The Chinese form involves a process of continuous discovery and construction. Combing the study of key words and differences, the book inquires and presents the theoretical characteristics of the Chinese form by starting with concrete concepts and issues. The study of differences as the book adheres to does not imply confrontation or conflicts; instead, it provides the basis for dialogue with literary criticism all over the world precisely on the basis of recognizing and embracing differences. The Chinese form is guided by the concept of “Learning is not limited to the West or the East” when assimilating and incorporating different systems of discourses. The core of the study of differences is to discover and generate theoretical discourses with distinct local features and to produce a theory of Chinese Marxist literary criticism that accommodates deep emotions regarding the nation and has universal, global relevance as well. The core concepts and contemporary issues throughout the book all point to one end—full emancipation of human beings, where lies the universality of the Chinese form among its particularities.
Multi-omics profiling of CSF from spinal muscular atrophy type 3 patients after nusinersen treatment: a 2-year follow-up multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Faravelli Irene , Gagliardi Delia , Abati Elena , Meneri Megi , Ongaro Jessica , Magri Francesca , Parente Valeria , Petrozzi Lucia , Ricci Giulia , Farè Fiorenza , Garrone Giulia , Fontana Manuela , Caruso Donatella , Siciliano Gabriele , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Govoni Alessandra , Corti Stefania , Ottoboni Linda
Published: August 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in theSMN1gene resulting in reduced levels of the SMN protein. Nusinersen, the first antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) approved for SMA treatment, binds to theSMN2gene, paralogue toSMN1, and mediates the translation of a functional SMN protein. Here, we used longitudinal high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) to assess both global proteome and metabolome in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from ten SMA type 3 patients, with the aim of identifying novel readouts of pharmacodynamic/response to treatment and predictive markers of treatment response. Patients had a median age of 33.5 [29.5; 38.25] years, and 80% of them were ambulant at time of the enrolment, with a median HFMSE score of 37.5 [25.75; 50.75]. Untargeted CSF proteome and metabolome were measured using high-resolution MS (nLC-HRMS) on CSF samples obtained before treatment (T0) and after 2 years of follow-up (T22). A total of 26 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between T0 and T22 upon VSN normalization and LIMMA differential analysis, accounting for paired replica. Notably, key markers of the insulin-growth factor signaling pathway were upregulated after treatment together with selective modulation of key transcription regulators. Using CombiROC multimarker signature analysis, we suggest that detecting a reduction of SEMA6A and an increase of COL1A2 and GRIA4 might reflect therapeutic efficacy of nusinersen. Longitudinal metabolome profiling, analyzed with pairedt-Test, showed a significant shift for some aminoacid utilization induced by treatment, whereas other metabolites were largely unchanged. Together, these data suggest perturbation upon nusinersen treatment still sustained after 22 months of follow-up and confirm the utility of CSF multi-omic profiling as pharmacodynamic biomarker for SMA type 3. Nonetheless, validation studies are needed to confirm this evidence in a larger sample size and to further dissect combined markers of response to treatment.
Synergistic effects of hormones on structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and implications for heart regeneration
Authors: Galow Anne-Marie , Brenmoehl Julia , Hoeflich Andreas
Published: August 2023

The limited endogenous regenerative capacity of the human heart renders cardiovascular diseases a major health threat, thus motivating intense research on in vitro heart cell generation and cell replacement therapies. However, so far, in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes share a rather fetal phenotype, limiting their utility for drug testing and cell-based heart repair. Various strategies to foster cellular maturation provide some success, but fully matured cardiomyocytes are still to be achieved. Today, several hormones are recognized for their effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and function. Here, we will discuss how the endocrine system impacts cardiomyocyte maturation. After detailing which features characterize a mature phenotype, we will contemplate hormones most promising to induce such a phenotype, the routes of their action, and experimental evidence for their significance in this process. Due to their pleiotropic effects, hormones might be not only valuable to improve in vitro heart cell generation but also beneficial for in vivo heart regeneration. Accordingly, we will also contemplate how the presented hormones might be exploited for hormone-based regenerative therapies.

Graphical abstract
Incretins and cardiovascular disease: to the heart of type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Solini Anna , Tricò Domenico , Del Prato Stefano
Published: August 2023

Major cardiovascular outcome trials and real-life observations have proven that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), regardless of structural GLP-1 homology, exert clinically relevant cardiovascular protection. GLP-1RAs provide cardioprotective benefits through glycaemic and non-glycaemic effects, including improved insulin secretion and action, body-weight loss, blood-pressure lowering and improved lipid profile, as well as via direct effects on the heart and vasculature. These actions are likely combined with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that translate into robust and consistent reductions in atherothrombotic events, particularly in people with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic CVD. GLP-1RAs may also have an impact on obesity and chronic kidney disease, conditions for which cardiovascular risk-reducing options are limited. The available evidence has prompted professional and medical societies to recommend GLP-1RAs for mitigation of the cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. This review summarises the clinical evidence for cardiovascular protection with use of GLP-1RAs and the main mechanisms underlying this effect. Moreover, it looks into how the availability of upcoming dual and triple incretin receptor agonists might expand the possibility for cardiovascular protection in people with type 2 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Higher age and present injury at the start of the season are risk factors for in‐season injury in amateur male and female football players—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sonesson Sofi , Lindblom Hanna , Hägglund Martin
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To describe the injury prevalence, injury pattern, and potential baseline risk factors for injuries in male and female adolescent and adult amateur football players.

Methods

This prospective study followed adolescent and adult amateur football players over one season March–October 2020. The study was completed by 462 players (130 men, age 20.0 ± 5.7, 14–46 years) who answered a baseline survey and a weekly web survey during the season. A total of 1456 weekly surveys were registered from males and 5041 from females. Injuries were recorded with the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC‐O2). Potential baseline risk factors (age, performance of strength/conditioning training, participation in other sports, perceived importance of sporting success, self‐rated training and match load, perceived balance between training/match load and recovery, previous/present injury at start of season, and injury beliefs) and their association with injury were analysed with Poisson regressions within each sex.

Results

Males reported 95 injuries (262 injury weeks, weekly prevalence 18.0% (95% CI 16.1–20.1)) and females 350 injuries (1206 injury weeks, weekly prevalence 23.9% (95% CI 22.8–25.1)). Gradual‐onset injuries accounted for 57% of the injuries in males and 66% in females. For males, substantial injuries were most common in the hip/groin (weekly prevalence 3.8%), ankle (2.1%), posterior thigh (2.0%), and knee (2.0%); and for females, in the knee (4.3%), ankle (2.5%), and lower leg/Achilles tendon (2.0%). Significant risk factors for injury were higher age (rate ratio males 1.05 per year increase (95% CI 1.02–1.08), females 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.05)), and present injury at baseline (males 1.92 (95% CI 1.27–2.89), females 1.58 (95% CI 1.19–2.09)).

Conclusion

At any given week, almost one in five male and one in four female amateur football players reported new or ongoing injuries. Hip/groin injuries were more frequent in males, while female players had a higher prevalence of knee injuries. Older players and those with an existing injury at the start of the season were more prone to new injury during the season. Rehabilitation of pre‐season injury and complaints are key to reduce the injury burden in amateur football.

Level of evidence

Level II.

Trial registration number NCT04272047, Clinical trials
Detailed characterisation of batch-manufactured flexible micro-grinding tools for electrochemical assisted grinding of copper surfaces
Authors: Steinhoff Lukas , Ottermann Rico , Dencker Folke , Wurz Marc Christopher
Published: August 2023

Precision machining is becoming more and more important with the increasing demands on surface quality for various components. This applies, for example, to mirror components in micro-optics or cooling components in microelectronics. Copper is a frequently used material for this purpose, but its mechanical properties make it difficult to machine. In this study, a process strategy for finishing copper surfaces with batch-manufactured micro-grinding tools in an electrochemically assisted grinding process is demonstrated. The tool heads are manufactured from a polyimide-abrasive-suspension and silicon as a carrier substrate using microsystems technology. The matching shafts are milled from aluminium. The tools are then used on pure copper and oxidised copper surfaces. By using finer abrasives grains (1.6–2.4 µm instead of 4–6 µm) than previously, similar surface roughness values could be achieved (Ra = 0.09 ± 0.02 µm, Rz = 1.94 ± 0.73 µm) with the same grinding process. An optimised grinding process that combines the use of rough and fine tools, on the other hand, achieves significantly better surface finishes in just four grinding iterations (Ra = 0.02 ± 0.01 µm, Rz = 0.83 ± 0.21 µm). In order to achieve a further increase in surface quality, this optimised grinding process is combined with the anodic oxidation of the copper workpieces. The surface modification is done to increase the machinability of the surface by creating an oxide layer. This is confirmed by the results of scratch tests carried out, which showed less force acting on the tool during machining with the oxide layer than with a pure copper surface. To realise this within the machine tool, an electrochemical cell is shown that can be integrated into the machine so that the oxidation can be carried out immediately before the grinding process. The copper layers produced inside the electrochemical cell in the machine tool show similar characteristics to the samples produced outside. Processing the oxidised samples with the optimised grinding process led to a further reduction of about 17% in the Rz values (Ra = 0.03 ± 0.01 µm, Rz = 0.69 ± 0.20 µm). The combination of the shown grinding process and the integration of anodic oxidation within the machine tool for the surface modification of copper workpieces seems to be promising to achieve high surface finishes.
The fallacy in productivity decomposition
Authors: Bruhn Simon , Grebel Thomas , Nesta Lionel
Published: August 2023

This paper argues that the typical practice of performing growth decompositions based on log-transformed productivity values induces fallacious conclusions: using logs may lead to an inaccurate aggregate growth rate, an inaccurate description of the micro sources of aggregate growth, or both. We identify the mathematical sources of this log-induced fallacy in decomposition and analytically demonstrate the questionable reliability of log results. Using firm-level data from the French manufacturing sector during the 2009–2018 period, we empirically show that the magnitude of the log-induced distortions is substantial. We find that around 60–80% of four-digit industry results are prone to mismeasurement depending on the definition of accurate log measures. We further find significant correlations of this mismeasurement with commonly deployed industry characteristics, indicating, among other things, that less competitive industries are more prone to log distortions. Evidently, these correlations also affect the validity of studies investigating industry characteristics’ role in productivity growth.
Quantum Lefschetz property for genus two stable quasimap invariants
Authors: Lee Sanghyeon , Li Mu-Lin , Oh Jeongseok
Published: August 2023

By the reduced component in a moduli space of stable quasimaps to n-dimensional projective space $$\mathbb {P}^n$$

P

n

we mean the closure of the locus in which the domain curves are smooth. As in the moduli space of stable maps, we prove the reduced component is smooth in genus 2, degree$$\ge 3$$

≥
3

. Then we prove the virtual fundamental cycle of the moduli space of stable quasimaps to a complete intersectionXin $$\mathbb {P}^n$$

P

n

of genus 2, degree $$\ge 3$$

≥
3

is explicitly expressed in terms of the fundamental cycle of the reduced component of $$\mathbb {P}^n$$

P

n

and virtual cycles of lower genus $$<2$$

<
2

moduli spaces of X.
The twisted Selberg trace formula and the twisted Selberg zeta function for compact orbifolds
Authors: Fedosova Ksenia
Published: August 2023

We propose a version of the Selberg trace formula for compact hyperbolic orbifolds $$\Gamma \backslash {\mathbb {H}}^{2n+1}$$

Γ
\

H

2
n
+
1

for non-unitary representations of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
and establish that the associated Selberg zeta function admits a meromorphic continuation to $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
.
Influence of Lewis acids on the symmetric SN2 reaction
Authors: Iribarren Iñigo , Trujillo Cristina , Sánchez-Sanz Goar , Hénon Eric , Elguero José , Alkorta Ibon
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a theoretical analysis the effect of non-covalent interactions (NCI) in three different SN2 reactions (X–:CH3X → XCH3:X–, X = Cl, Br and I) has been theoretically analysed in the pre-reactive complexes, TS and products. A total of eighteen Lewis acids (LAs: FH, ClH, FCl, I2, SeHF, SeF2, PH2F, PF3, SiH3F, SiF4, BH3, BF3, BeH2, BeF2, LiH, LiF, Au2and AgCl) interact with the halogen atom of the CH3X molecule. To analyse the strength of the non-covalent interactions, both the independent gradient model tool and electron density maps have been employed. The results reveal that in all cases, the interaction between the anion and the Lewis acid leads to an increase in the transition barriers compared to the parental reaction.
Particle-Hole Transformation in the Continuum and Determinantal Point Processes
Authors: Alshehri Maryam Gharamah Ali , Lytvynov Eugene
Published: August 2023

Let X be an underlying space with a reference measure $$\sigma $$
σ
. Let K be an integral operator in $$L^2(X,\sigma )$$

L
2

(
X
,
σ
)

with integral kernel K(x, y). A point process $$\mu $$
μ
on X is called determinantal with the correlation operator K if the correlation functions of $$\mu $$
μ
are given by $$k^{(n)}(x_1,\dots ,x_n)={\text {det}}[K(x_i,x_j)]_{i,j=1,\dots ,n}$$

k

(
n
)

(

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

=
det

[
K

(

x
i

,

x
j

)

]

i
,
j
=
1
,
⋯
,
n

. It is known that each determinantal point process with a self-adjoint correlation operator K is the joint spectral measure of the particle density $$\rho (x)=\mathcal A^+(x)\mathcal A^-(x)$$

ρ

(
x
)

=

A
+

(
x
)

A
-

(
x
)

($$x\in X$$

x
∈
X

), where the operator-valued distributions $$\mathcal A^+(x)$$

A
+

(
x
)

, $$\mathcal A^-(x)$$

A
-

(
x
)

come from a gauge-invariant quasi-free representation of the canonical anticommutation relations (CAR). If the space X is discrete and divided into two disjoint parts, $$X_1$$

X
1

and $$X_2$$

X
2

, by exchanging particles and holes on the $$X_2$$

X
2

part of the space, one obtains from a determinantal point process with a self-adjoint correlation operator K the determinantal point process with the J-self-adjoint correlation operator $$\widehat{K}=KP_1+(1-K)P_2$$

K
^

=
K

P
1

+

(
1
-
K
)

P
2

. Here $$P_i$$

P
i

is the orthogonal projection of $$L^2(X,\sigma )$$

L
2

(
X
,
σ
)

onto $$L^2(X_i,\sigma )$$

L
2

(

X
i

,
σ
)

. In the case where the space X is continuous, the exchange of particles and holes makes no sense. Instead, we apply a Bogoliubov transformation to a gauge-invariant quasi-free representation of the CAR. This transformation acts identically on the $$X_1$$

X
1

part of the space and exchanges the creation operators $$\mathcal A^+(x)$$

A
+

(
x
)

and the annihilation operators $$\mathcal A^-(x)$$

A
-

(
x
)

for $$x\in X_2$$

x
∈

X
2

. This leads to a quasi-free representation of the CAR, which is not anymore gauge-invariant. We prove that the joint spectral measure of the corresponding particle density is the determinantal point process with the correlation operator $$\widehat{K}$$

K
^

.
2M1 phlogopite–muscovite series minerals at increasing pressure to 9 GPa. I Atomic volumes and compressibilities
Authors: Hernández-Laguna Alfonso , Vidal-Daza Isaac , Sánchez-Navas Antonio , Sainz-Díaz Claro Ignacio
Published: August 2023

Muscovite (Ms) and phlogopite (Phl) series mineral is studied in the 2M1polytype and modeled by the substitution of three Mg2+cations in the three octahedral sites of Phl [KMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2] by two Al3+and one vacancy, increasing the substitution up to reach the Ms [KAl2□(Si3Al)O10(OH)2]. The series was computationally examined at DFT using Quantum ESPRESSO, as a function of pressure from − 3 to 9 GPa. Crystal structure is calculated, and cell parameters, and geometry of atomic groups agree with experimental values. OH in the Mg2+octahedrons are approximately perpendicular to the (001) plane, meanwhile when they are in Al3+, octahedral groups are approximately parallel to this plane. From Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, the atomic basins are calculated as a function of the pressure, K+and basal O show the largest volumes. The bulk excess volume (Vxs) and the excess atomic volumes are analyzed as a function of the composition and the pressure. K+, basal and apical O Vxs show a behavior similar to the bulk Vxs as a function of the composition, keeping qualitatively this behavior as a function of pressure; substituent atoms do not show a Vxs behavior similar to the bulk and their effect consequently is mostly translated to atoms in the interlayer space. Atomic compressibilities are also calculated. Atomic compressibilities are separated in the different sheets of the crystal cell. Atomic moduli of K and basal O are the lowest and the ones behaving as the bulk modulus of the series. The atomic bulk modulus of the H’s is different depending of their position with respect to the (001) plane.