bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method for separating O-wave and X-wave and its application in digital ionosonde
Authors: Wang Shun  , Chen Ziwei  , Zhang Feng  , Gong Zhaoqian  , Li Jutao  , Fang Guangyou
Published: June 2021

Separation for O wave and X wave is a very important job in interpretation of ionograms, which is premise for automatic scaling. In this paper, a new digital method for separating O wave and X wave is presented, based on a numerical synthesizing technique, which is different from using image recognition to separate trace O and trace X in the ionograms, and from using the electrical method to synthesize and detect circularly polarized waves. By replacing analog phase shifters and switches in existing ionosonde with digital phase shifters with different initial phase, 0°, +90°, −90°, circularly polarized waves are synthesized digitally within the range of 1-30 MHz, which eliminates the nonlinearity and expands the bandwidth of the ionosonde, and there is no need to switch the analog switches continuously. The new method has been successfully applied to CAS-DIS ionosonde and testing results show that the new digital method is capable of separating O wave and X wave well.
The collocation approach to Moho estimate
Authors: Riccardo Barzaghi  , Ludovico Biagi
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the collocation approach to Moho estimate is presented. This method is applied to the inversion of gravity data that can be complemented by Moho depth information coming from e.g. seismic information. In this context, a two layers model is considered and discussed in order to give a general theoretical framework for the inversion method. A body with two inner constant density layers and an inner separation surface between is considered and a uniqueness theorem is proved for the estimability of the separation surface given the gravity outside the body itself. Based on this result, a discussion is given on the estimation of the Moho depths based on terrestrial gravity observations. The observation equation is presented and its local planar approximation is derived. The application of the collocation method to the estimate of Moho depths is then studied and discussed in relationship to the planar observation equation. Also, numerical tests are presented. To this aim, the collocation inversion algorithm is implemented and tested on simulated data to prove its effectiveness. The results show that the proposed method is reliable provided that proper data reductions for model discrepancies are taken into account.
Spatial and temporal distribution of vertical ground movements at Mt. Vesuvius in the period 1973-2009
Authors: Folco Pingue  , Milena Bottiglieri  , Cataldo Godano  , Francesco Obrizzo  , Umberto Tammaro  , Teodoro Esposito  , Claudio Serio
Published: June 2021

Since the early ’70s vertical ground movements at Mount Vesuvius area have been investigated and monitored by the Osservatorio Vesuviano (Isti-tuto Nazionale di Geofisica Vulcanologia - Osservatorio Vesuviano since 2001). This monitoring began with the installation of a high-precision leveling line in the region at medium-high elevations on the volcano. The deformation pattern and expected strain field assessment methods in the volcanic structure induced by inner sources has demanded in subsequent years the expansion of the leveling network up to cover the whole volcanic area, enclosing part of leveling lines of other institutions. As a result of this expansion, the Mt. Vesuvius Area Leveling Network (VALN) has today reached a length of about 270 km and consists of 359 benchmarks. It is configured in 21 circuits and is connected, westward, to the Campi Flegrei leveling network and, northward, to the Campania Plain leveling network. The data collected have been carefully re-analyzed for random and systematic errors and for error propagation along the leveling lines to identify the areas affected by significant ground movements. For each survey, the data were rigorously adjusted and vertical ground movements were evaluated by differentiating the heights calculated by the various measurements conducted by the Osservatorio Vesuviano from 1973 to 2009.
The automated infrared thermal imaging system for the continuous long-term monitoring of the surface temperature of the Vesuvius crater
Authors: Fabio Sansivero  , Giovanni Scarpato  , Giuseppe Vilardo
Published: June 2021

Infrared remote sensing monitoring is a significant tool aimed to integrated surveillance system of active volcanic areas. In this paper we describe the realization and the technological evolution of the permanent image thermal infrared (TIR) surveillance system of the Vesuvius volcano. The TIR monitoring station was installed on the Vesuvius crater rim on July 2004 in order to acquire scenes of the SW inner slope of Vesuvius crater that is characterized by a significant thermal emission. At that time, it represented the first achievement all over the world of a permanent surveillance thermal imaging system on a volcano. It has been working in its prototypal configuration till May 2007. The experience gained over years about the engineering, management and maintenance of TIR remote acquisition systems in extreme environmental conditions, allows us to design and realize a new release of the TIR monitoring station with improved functionalities and more flexibility for the IR image acquisition, management and storage, which became operational in June 2011. In order to characterize the thermal background of the Vesuvius crater at present state of volcanic quiescence, the time series of TIR images gathered between July 2004 and May 2012 were analyzed using a statistical approach. Results show no significant changes in the thermal radiation during the observation periods, so they can be assumed as representative of a background level to which refer for the interpretation of possible future anomalies related to a renewal of the volcanic dynamics of the Vesuvius volcano.
Tomography of core-mantle boundary and lowermost mantle coupled by geodynamics: joint models of shear and compressional velocity
Authors: Gaia Soldati  , Lapo Boschi  , Steve Della Mora  , Alessandro M. Forte
Published: June 2021

We conduct joint tomographic inversions of P and S travel time observations to obtain models of delta v_P  and delta v_S in the entire mantle. We adopt a recently published method which takes into account the geodynamic coupling between mantle heterogeneity and core-mantle boundary (CMB) topography by viscous flow, where sensitivity of the seismic travel times to the CMB is accounted for implicitly in the inversion (i.e. the CMB topography is not explicitly inverted for). The seismic maps of the Earth's mantle and CMB topography that we derive can explain the inverted seismic data while being physically consistent with each other. The approach involved scaling P-wave velocity (more sensitive to the CMB) to density anomalies, in the assumption that mantle heterogeneity has a purely thermal origin, so that velocity and density heterogeneity are proportional to one another. On the other hand, it has sometimes been suggested that S-wave velocity might be more directly sensitive to temperature, while P heterogeneity is more strongly influenced by chemical composition. In the present study, we use only S-, and not P-velocity, to estimate density heterogeneity through linear scaling, and hence the sensitivity of core-reflected P phases to mantle structure. Regardless of whether density is more closely related to P- or S-velocity, we think it is worthwhile to explore both scaling approaches in our efforts to explain seismic data. The similarity of the results presented in this study to those obtained by scaling P-velocity to density suggests that compositional anomaly has a limited impact on viscous flow in the deep mantle.
WRF-Chem modeling of sulfur dioxide emissions from the 2008 Kasatochi Volcano
Authors: Sean David Egan  , Martin Stuefer  , Peter Webley  , Catherine F. Cahill
Published: June 2021

We use the Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model to simulate the evolution, dispersion and conversion of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) plume generated by the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in Alaska, USA. About 1.7 Tg of SO2 were dispersed into the atmosphere during three distinct explosive events. Stratospheric sulfur dioxide conversion chemistry is detailed and model output is compared to remote sensing retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). WRF-Chem generated SO2 column densities and plume locations similar to those from OMI retrievals as the plume traveled from the North Pacific through the continental United States and Canada. Analysis of SO2 conversion established an eight day lifetime of SO2 for the Kastaochi plume, which is a slightly shorter lifetime than derived by other modeling methods.
Frequency dependent attenuation of seismic waves for Delhi and surrounding area, India
Authors: Babita Sharma  , Prasantha Chingtham  , Anup K. Sutar  , Sumer Chopra  , Haldhar P. Shukla
Published: June 2021

The attenuation properties of Delhi & surrounding region have been investigated using 62 local earthquakes recorded at nine stations. The frequency dependent quality factors Qa (using P-waves) and Qb (using S-waves) have been determined using the coda normalization method. Quality factor of coda-waves (Qc) has been estimated using the single backscattering model in the frequency range from 1.5 Hz to 9 Hz. Wennerberg formulation has been used to estimate Qi (intrinsic attenuation parameter) and Qs (scattering attenuation parameter) for the region. The values Qa, Qb, Qc, Qi and Qs estimated are frequency dependent in the range of 1.5Hz-9Hz. Frequency dependent relations are estimated as Qa=52f1.03, Qb=98f1.07 and Qc=158f0.97. Qc estimates lie in between the values of Qi and Qs but closer to Qi at all central frequencies. Comparison between Qi and Qs shows that intrinsic absorption is predominant over scattering for Delhi and surrounding region. 
An overview on the seismic microzonation and site effect studies in Central Asia
Authors: Marco Pilz  , Tanatkan Abakanov  , Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov  , Dino Bindi  , Tobias Boxberger  , Bolot Moldobekov  , Sagynbek Orunbaev  , Natalya Silacheva  , Shahid Ullah  , Sheyshenaly Usupaev  , Pulat Yasunov  , Stefano Parolai
Published: June 2021

During the past centuries, many cities in Central Asia have suffered significant damages caused by earthquakes. A crucial step towards preparedness for future events, the definition of the optimal engineering designs for civil structures and the mitigation of earthquake risks involves the accomplishment of site response studies. To accurately identify local variations of the site response at different locations within the cities, earthquakes recorded by seismic networks as well as measurements of the seismic noise can be used for estimating the resonance frequencies and for evaluating the expected level of ground motion at each site. Additionally, the measurements can help identifying site specific features like more-dimensional resonances and directional effects. This information can be complemented with array measurements of ambient seismic noise in order to estimate local shear-wave velocity profiles, an essential parameter for evaluating the dynamic properties of soil, and to characterize the corresponding sediment layers at each site. The present study gives an overview on the progressive development of the seismic zonation studies in the frame of EMCA carried out in several cities in Central Asia.
On polar daily geomagnetic variation
Authors: Paola De Michelis  , Giuseppe Consolini
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to investigate the nature of the daily magnetic field perturbations produced by ionospheric and magnetospheric currents at high latitudes. We analyse the hourly means of the X and Y geomagnetic field components recorded by a meridian chain of permanent geomagnetic observatories in the polar region of the Northern Hemisphere during a period of four years (1995-1998) around the solar minimum. We apply a mathematical method, known as natural orthogonal component (NOC), which is capable of characterizing the dominant modes of the geomagnetic field daily variability through a set of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Using the first two modes we reconstruct a two-dimensional equivalent current representation of the ionospheric electric currents, which contribute substantially to the geomagnetic daily variations. The obtained current structures resemble the equivalent current patterns of DP2 and DP1. We characterize these currents by studying their evolution with the geomagnetic activity level and by analysing their dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field. The obtained results support the idea of a coexistence of two main processes during all analysed period although one of them, the directly driven process, represents the dominant component of the geomagnetic daily variation.
Pre-seismic variations of atmospheric radon activity as a possible reason for abnormal atmospheric effects
Authors: Vadim V. Surkov
Published: June 2021

Possible atmospheric effects associated with pre-seismic variations of atmospheric radon concentration occasionally observed prior to earthquake occurrence are subjected to theoretical study in order to assess their potential effectiveness. Altitude distribution of atmospheric conductivity is examined as a function of radon and aerosol concentrations. Horizontal components of atmospheric electric fields and currents, which can arise near a boundary of seismo-active region, are estimated. We speculated that changes in radon-induced air ionization can have an impact on fair-weather spectra of ULF electric pulsations. Particular emphasis has been placed on hypothesis for correlation between variations of pre-seismic radon activity and upward thermal radiation measured by satellite over the high seismicity regions. This hypothesis is based on assumption that the radon-induced ionization of atmospheric surface layer can trigger water vapor condensation which in turn results in release of the vaporization heat. Our analysis has shown that the upward thermal flux has to be many orders of magnitude lower than that predicted on the basis of this hypothesis.
Seismic and volcanic activity during 2014 in the region involved by TOMO-ETNA seismic active experiment
Authors: Graziella Barberi  , Elisabetta Giampiccolo  , Carla Musumeci  , Luciano Scarfì  , Valentina Bruno  , Ornella Cocina  , Alejandro Díaz-Moreno  , Simona Sicali  , Giuseppina Tusa  , Tiziana Tuvè  , Luciano Zuccarello  , Jesús M. Ibáñez  , Domenico Patanè
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an overview of the seismic and volcanic activity occurred during 2014 in the region involved by the TOMO-ETNA seismic active experiment (Mt. Etna, Aeolian Islands and Peloritani-Messina Strait areas). To better characterize the seismicity over the year, three-dimensional hypocenter locations and focal mechanism solutions of a dataset of 678 selected small-to-moderate magnitude earthquakes (0.5 ≤ ML ≤ 4.3) were analyzed. In the framework of the TOMO-ETNA experiment, a temporary seismic network was installed on-land from June to November 2014, both to acquire seismic signals produced by shots and to record the local seismicity. Data collected by the temporary network were used to integrate those deriving from the permanent seismic network operated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)-Osservatorio Etneo (Etna Observatory), thus obtaining a numerically more robust dataset. In agreement with previous analysis and studies, the distribution of the hypocentral locations is well representative of the seismicity that typically characterizes this area. The selected well-constrained 42 fault plane solutions evidence two domains characterized by different motions and style of deformation. In particular, an extensional domain in the northeastern Sicily and a strike-slip regime in the northernmost part of the studied region have been observed.
Acquisition procedures, processing methodologies and preliminary results of magnetic and ROV data collected during the TOMO-ETNA experiment
Authors: Danilo Cavallaro  , Luca Cocchi  , Mauro Coltelli  , Filippo Muccini  , Cosmo Carmisciano  , Marco Firetto Carlino  , Jesús M. Ibáñez  , Domenico Patanè  , Marco Filippone  , Erika Buttaro
Published: June 2021

The TOMO-ETNA experiment was devised for the investigation of the continental and oceanic crust beneath Mt. Etna volcano and northeastern Sicily up to the Aeolian Islands, through an active source study. In this experiment, a large amount of geophysical data was collected both inland and in the Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas for identifying the major geological and structural features offshore Mt. Etna and NE Sicily. One of the oceanographic cruises organized within the TOMO-ETNA experiment was carried out on the hydrographic vessel “Galatea” by Italian Navy. During the cruise a detailed magnetic survey and a set of ROV (remotely operated vehicle) dives were performed offshore Mt. Etna. The magnetic survey allowed the compilation of a preliminary magnetic map revealing a clear direct relationship between volcanic structures and high frequency magnetic anomalies. Significant positive magnetic anomalies were identified offshore the Timpa area and along the easternmost portion of the Riposto Ridge and correlated to a primitive volcanic edifice and to shallow volcanic bodies, respectively. On the whole, the magnetic anomaly map highlights a clear SW-NE decreasing trend, where high amplitude positive magnetic anomaly pattern of the SW sector passes, northeastwardly, to a main negative one. ROV dives permitted to directly explore the shallowest sectors of the Riposto Ridge and to collect several videos and seafloor samples, allowing us to identify some locally developed volcanic manifestations.
Coseismic effects of the 2016 Amatrice seismic sequence: first geological results
Authors: EMERGEO W.G. :  , S. Pucci  , P.M. De Martini  , R. Civico  , R. Nappi  , T. Ricci  , F. Villani  , C.A. Brunori  , M. Caciagli  , V. Sapia  , F.R. Cinti  , M. Moro  , D. Di Naccio  , S. Gori  , E. Falcucci  , R. Vallone  , F. Mazzarini  , S. Tarquini  , P. Del Carlo  , V. Kastelic  , M. Carafa  , R. De Ritis  , G. Gaudiosi  , R. Nave  , G. Alessio  , P. Burrato  , A. Smedile  , L. Alfonsi  , P. Vannoli  , M. Pignone  , S. Pinzi  , U. Fracassi  , L. Pizzimenti  , M.T. Mariucci  , N. Pagliuca  , A. Sciarra  , R. Carluccio  , I. Nicolosi  , M. Chiappini  , F. D’Ajello Caracciolo  , G. Pezzo  , A. Patera  , R. Azzaro  , D. Pantosti  , P. Montone  , M. Saroli  , L. Lo Sardo  , M. Lancia
Published: June 2021

Since the beginning of the ongoing Amatrice seismic sequence on August 24, 2016, initiated by a Mw 6.0 normal faulting earthquake, the EMERGEO Working Group (an INGV team devoted to earthquake aftermath geological survey) set off to investigate any coseismic effects on the natural environment. Up to now, we surveyed about 750 km2 and collected more than 3200 geological observations as differently oriented tectonic fractures together with intermediate- to small- sized landslides, that were mapped in the whole area. The most impressive coseismic evidence was found along the known active Mt. Vettore fault system, where surface ruptures with clear vertical/horizontal offset were observed for more than 5 km, while unclear and discontinuous coseismic features were recorded along the Laga Mts. Fault systems.
Comparing Large-unit and Bitwise Linear Approximations of SNOW 2.0 and SNOW 3G and Related Attacks
Authors: Gong Xinxin , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study and compare the byte-wise and bitwise linear approximations of SNOW 2.0 and SNOW 3G, and present a fast correlation attack on SNOW 3G by using our newly found bitwise linear approximations. On one side, we reconsider the relation between the large-unit linear approximation and the smallerunit/ bitwise ones derived from the large-unit one, showing that approximations on large-unit alphabets have advantages over all the smaller-unit/bitwise ones in linear attacks. But then on the other side, by comparing the byte-wise and bitwise linear approximations of SNOW 2.0 and SNOW 3G respectively, we have found many concrete examples of 8-bit linear approximations whose certain 1-dimensional/bitwise linear approximations have almost the same SEI (Squared Euclidean Imbalance) as that of the original 8-bit ones. That is, each of these byte-wise linear approximations is dominated by a single bitwise approximation, and thus the whole SEI is not essentially larger than the SEI of the dominating single bitwise approximation. Since correlation attacks can be more efficiently implemented using bitwise approximations rather than large-unit approximations, improvements over the large-unit linear approximation attacks are possible for SNOW 2.0 and SNOW 3G. For SNOW 3G, we make a careful search of the bitwise masks for the linear approximations of the FSM and obtain many mask tuples which yield high correlations. By using these bitwise linear approximations, we mount a fast correlation attack to recover the initial state of the LFSR with the time/memory/data/pre-computation complexities all upper bounded by 2174.16, improving slightly the previous best one which used an 8-bit (vectorized) linear approximation in a correlation attack with all the complexities upper bounded by 2176.56. Though not a significant improvement, our research results illustrate that we have an opportunity to achieve improvement over the large-unit attacks by using bitwise linear approximations in a linear approximation attack, and provide a newinsight on the relation between large-unit and bitwise linear approximations.
Gravidez decorrente de violência sexual: Caracterização sociodemográfica das mulheres e desfechos do aborto em um serviço público de referência, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Pedroso Daniela , Juliano Yára , De Souza Patrícia Colombo , Drezett Jefferson
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A restritiva legislação brasileira permite o aborto em casos excepcionais, como na gravidez decorrente de crime sexual. Entretanto, poucos serviços de saúde oferecem atendimento e pouco se conhece sobre os desfechos do aborto para essas mulheres. Objetivo: Analisar características sociodemográficas de mulheres com gravidez decorrente de violência sexual e fatores associados ao aborto. Método: Estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de 2.418 mulheres com alegação de gravidez decorrente de violência sexual atendidas no Hospital Pérola Byington de agosto/1994 a dezembro/2017. As variáveis de estudo foram analisadas segundo realizar ou não o aborto. Considerou-se idade, escolaridade, raça/cor, situação união, religião, ocupação, intimidação, agressor, realização de boletim de ocorrência e exame médico-legal. Os dados foram analisados em Epi Info 7.2.3.1, por meio de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste de Mann Whitney para amostras independentes, com p<0,05 e Intervalo de Confiança de 95%. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Pérola Byington, protocolo n° 046/11. Resultados: Mulheres que não realizaram o aborto apresentaram menor média de idade do que as que realizaram o procedimento (22,9±4,5 anos versus 25,4±7,2 anos), assim como maior média de idade gestacional (15,0±7,5 semanas versus 11,7±4,4 semanas). A baixa escolaridade, não ter ocupação, agressor conhecido, grave ameaça, não realizar boletim de ocorrência policial e não realizar exame médico-legal foi mais frequente nas mulheres que não realizaram o aborto. Entre os motivos para não realizar o aborto a desistência da mulher foi o mais frequente (25,0%), seguido de idade gestacional ≥23 semanas (23,1%). Conclusão: A desistência da mulher e a idade gestacional avançada foram as principais razões para não realizar o aborto legal. Os achados sugerem que a maior vulnerabilidade de mulheres mais jovens, sem renda e com pouca escolaridade termine como obstáculo. Agressores conhecidos e que utilizam de ameaças parecem exercer alguma influência nesses casos, possivelmente postergando a busca pelo aborto legal.
Algunas reflexiones sobre acceso abierto, repositorios y cooperación
Authors: Barrueco José Manuel
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia del autor en la puesta en marcha y desarrollo de la biblioteca digital RePEc (Research Papers in Economics). RePEc es una de las principales iniciativas en el desarrollo del acceso abierto a nivel internacional, así como una de las fuentes de información en abierto más relevante para los investigadores en el área de Economía. Además de una descripción del funcionamiento de esta iniciativa, se enumeran los factores que han marcado su éxito y que la diferencian de otros proyectos con similares objetivos. Por otro lado, tomando como referencia los puntos fuertes de RePEc, se analizan aspectos de cooperación bibliotecaria y repositorios institucionales en las bibliotecas universitarias de nuestro país, indicando algunos puntos que podrían mejorarse.
El contrato de trabajo en la legislación peruana vigente
Authors: Arévalo Vela Javier
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se estudia el contrato de trabajo y su regulación dentro del ordenamiento jurídico peruano, teniendo en cuenta la legislación, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia. Así, haremos un repaso por los principales aspectos de esta institución, como son la definición, los sujetos del contrato de trabajo, los elementos, la duración, la diferencia con otros contratos, la nulidad del contrato de trabajo, los caracteresdel contrato de trabajo, entre otros.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMBINED SORBENT FOR STABILIZING THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM OF FERMENTED DRINKS
Authors: Trusova M. M. , Pavlova O. V.
Published: June 2021

The article contains information about the colloidal system of beer and kvass, a classification of the components of the turbidity is given. Methods are described that are used in the technology of fermentation beverages to eliminate them. The mechanisms of sorption of chitosan and diatomaceous earth are characterized.

The aim of the study is to develop a combined sorbent based on chitosan and diatomaceous earth for the sorption of proteins in the technology of fermentation beverages. Biuret reaction was used as research methods, mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out. The optical density of the solutions before and after sorption was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results of the study are the determination

of the sorption of chitosan and diatomaceous earth in relation to proteins using the example of a model solution. Also, the formulation of the combined sorbent from diatomaceous earth and chitosan was developed. The optimal residence time of the new auxiliary material in the solution was selected. The amount of protein that sorbs 1 gram of sorbent is calculated. Recommendations are given on the use of this substance in the technology of fermentation beverages.
Management and administration of dental health services
Authors: MONTALVO NÚÑEZ KATHERINE ALESSANDRA , VALENZUELA RAMOS MARISEL ROXANA , VALENZUELA MUÑOZ ALBERTO , SCIPIÓN CASTRO RAFAEL DOUGLAS , MENDOZA MURILLO PAUL ORESTES
Published: June 2021

Within medical informatics there’s dental informatics, which deals with the management of information, communication, and the application of new technologies in clinical practice and research. These computer systems involve the storage of information and will be in charge of organizing the work in the dental clinic.(Specified, 2009) Objective: The primary objective of this research work is to know the need to manage and administer dental health services through computer systems in the city of Chiclayo. Method: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and prospective study. Which comprised conducting questionnaires to the owners of dental clinics, administrative personnel, dentists, and patients who attend the different dental clinics that are in the City of Chiclayo. Results: We verified that there were contrasting hypotheses. Conclusions: We conclude that there is a need to implement dental clinics with computer systems.
Effect of biostimulants on the yield of bush bean (Lablab purpureus var. typicus)
Authors: PRIYADARSHINI V.M.
Published: June 2021

A field experiment was conducted assess the influences of biostimuants on the yield of bush bean cv. Co (Gb) 14 at Poothurai village, Tamil Nadu during kharif season of 2019 in randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. Biostimulants adopted for the study were seaweed extract, panchagavya, chitosan and effective microorganism with two different concentrations applied as foliar spray on 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing.Results revealed that the maximum values of yield parameters viz., length of the raceme(51.2 cm), number of racemes plant-1(8.5), number of flowers raceme-1 (26.4), number of flowers (221.5), days to 50 % flowering (36.6 days), number of pods plant-1(41.6), pod length (10.6 cm), pod width (3.2 cm), single pod weight (4.6 g), number of seeds (5.2), total pod yield (12.6 t/ha), net income (Rs. 1,71,628 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.14)were recorded under the treatment of seaweed extract (5mL-1) + RDF. The RDF + 3% panchagavya proved next best treatment in respect of these parameters. Among all the biostimulants, seaweed proved superior to others in respect of flowering and yield attributes. The minimum values of all these characters were recorded under control
Effect of foliar application of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on bearing, physico-chemical constituents and shelf-life of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: MANDAL BIPUL KUMAR
Published: June 2021

The experiment was carried out on ten-year-old Amarapali mango (Mangifera indica L) in randomized block design with seventeen treatments with three replications at BAU, Ranchi to study the effect of foliar application of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on bearing and physico-chemical constituent and self life of mango. Among the different treatments, application of 200ppm ethephon had most favourable effect in causing earliness in panicle emergence days (16.0 days), initiation of first flower (12.3 days) and days to initiation of fruit set (10.3 days) over control. Whereas application of 2000ppm triadimefon in combination with 2% urea increased intensity of flowering shoot to the extent of88.5% in fruit plant. The maximum number of fruit set per panicle (44.7), fruit retention (12.1%) and number of harvested fruit per tree (194.4) were observed with combined use of 100ppm SA and 2% urea as compared to control. The highest TSS (25.1 0Brix) and reducing sugar (3.0%) content were registered under 100ppm GA3, while the highest phenol (2.84mg/100g) was recorded from the fruits of the plants sprayed with 200ppm ethephon in combination with 2% urea. However, minimum (11.1%) physiological loss in weight (PLW) was recorded in 100ppm SA along with 2% urea.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DE KÖPPEN NA ZONA DA MATA PERNAMBUCANA – BRASIL
Authors: Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , Holanda Romildo Morant de , França Manoel Vieira de , Saboya Luciano Marcelo Fallé , Rolim Neto Fernando Cartaxo , Araújo Wagner Rodolfo de , Pereira Marcia Liana Freire
Published: June 2021

O método da classificação climática de Köppen é pouca aplicação em áreas de estudos agrícolas, devido as enormes extensões das escalas de plantio em que são usadas. Tem-se como objetivo realizar a classificação climática utilizando-se o modelo do aplicativo de Köppen para a área da Zona da Mata Pernambucana com a elaboração de gráficos e tabelas. Utilizou-se dos valores da temperatura média do ar dos últimos 67 anos estimados pelo software Estima_T para os 44 municípios que formam a Zona da Mata Pernambucana. As classificações climáticas resultantes demonstraram sensibilidade à orografia local, aos índices pluviais e as flutuações das temperaturas médias. O modelo de classificação de Köppen identificou duas características climáticas: do tipo climático Am em 12 municípios e o tipo climático As predominando em 32 municípios. A altitude é uma componente de controle climático, pois devido ao efeito da gravidade, a densidade da atmosfera diminui com a altura.
AL-GHAZALI, HIS EDUCATIONAL AND MORAL OPINION THROUGH HIS SUFI SCHOOL(450-505 AH /1058-1111 AD)
Authors: AHMED Sahar Mahdi
Published: June 2021

Al-Ghazali is one of the most famous characters of the fifth century AH /Eleventh century AD, He was called by many titles, including the Hujjat Al-Islam, Philosopher, Speaker, Sufi, and Shafi'i, He is considered one of the flags of islamic thought, and the most influential of his era until the present time, He left a deep impact in various fields of knowledge through his various books. The research presented education and ethics through it is study and it is relationship to islamic curriculum and teaching. And since islam came to correct and support morals and education through the noble verses presented by the Holy Qur'an urging the noble islamic morals. And the great prophet ( peace be upon him ) provided a good model and example for muslims in particular, And for humanity in general. On this basis, We preferred that the definition of Al-Ghazali's moral and educational views and his approach to this context be made through his sufi school.
CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE NATIONAL CONTEMPORARY STATE
Authors: ALJDARI Omran Mohamed Almrghni , ALDDAGHILI Khiria Mohamed
Published: June 2021

The state occupies a central position in both general political science and political theory, particularly in terms of research, study, and analysis. This is due to the interest of philosophers, thinkers, and researchers from all sects, as well as the diversity of their beliefs, ideological trends, and affiliations over the centuries. Because the state continued to occupy a significant portion of their thinking, therefore, they examined what the nature of the state, its theories, its definition, its emergence, nature, pillars and the changes that occurred in the state over time. They also investigated the intellectual frameworks capable of explaining this phenomenon, as well as interpreting and analyzing the state models; as a result of these efforts, the social and political sciences developed frameworks and models for their analysis, in order to explain this social and political phenomenon that has occupied philosophers' minds for centuries, Thus, theoretical frameworks was developed and they provide an explanation for this phenomenon. This study is motivated by the fact that the contemporary national state is no longer the sole actor in the contemporary world and that there is a growing intertwining of the international
Evaluación del alcance de las actividades de prospectiva estratégica en empresas argentinas de software
Authors: Álvarez María Belén , Camio María Isabel
Published: June 2021

Desde hace varias décadas, la industria del software ha adquirido un rol central ante el advenimiento de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. Las empresas del sector, se enfrentan a un contexto de alta volatilidad, dinamismo y tecnologías de rápida evolución, que exigen el desarrollo de capacidades prospectivas para anticiparse a cambios futuros y responder proactivamente. En este marco, el presente trabajo tiene por fin identificar y evaluar el alcance de las actividades de prospectiva estratégica emprendidas por un grupo de empresas argentinas del sector de software. En pos de ello, se construye una metodología de relevamiento y evaluación, la que es aplicada al estudio de cuatro casos de empresas ubicadas en la ciudad de Tandil. Entre las principales contribuciones se encuentran la propuesta metodológica presentada y el hallazgo de un mayor alcance de las primeras actividades del proceso prospectivo -monitoreo del entorno y análisis de la información-, y un mayor grado de cumplimiento de los criterios de realización, responsables asignados y frecuencia determinada.
Smart Car Parking System
Authors: Khedekar Prachi , Kamthe Sanket , Jaiswal Tejas , Shinde Prof. Prachiti
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the internet of things plays a crucial role in our life by connecting things with humans via the web. This study proposes a sensible system supported Arduino components, website and mobile application. The system helps drivers to seek out an empty park space counting on the amount of unoccupied lots within the park. The parking lots are impossible to be reserved with the standard parking system. This study provides a mobile app which will be utilised to seek out a free lot during a nearest park. Smart parking also help to reduce the pollution in cities as it help in fuel consumption. Moreover, it helps to scale back the time of finding car lot. Also, it helps the person who is driving to seek out his car when he forgets the car location easily. However; the system adopts new tables’ structure, yellow booking light within the parking zone, books and buys through app & gate circuit monitor. Finally, the system shows the reserved, booked and empty lots in park for workers and drivers.
Nutritional and Hematological Status of Sudanese Women of Childbearing Age with Steady-state Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Ali Eltigani Hassan , Alkindi Salam , Osman Mohamed A. , Hilali Wafa , Mirgani Hind M. , Adam Gareeba , Morsi Magdi M. , Hussein Izzeldin S. , Ghebremeskel Kebreab
Published: June 2021

Objectives: We sought to investigate the nutritional and hematological status of Sudanese women of childbearing age with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Anthropometry and hematology were used to assess nutritional status and health and disease conditions, respectively. Methods: Women with steady-state (HbSS, n = 39; age = 19.0±2.7) and without (HbAA, n = 36; age, 19.8±2.7) SCA were recruited during a routine visit to the Hematology Clinic, Ibn-Auf Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Results: The two groups of women lived in similar environmental conditions and ate similar diets three times a day. However, despite taking regular meals, the women with sickle anemia were thinner and lighter (p < 0.001) and shorter (p =0.002) compared with those who do not have the disease. Also, they had higher levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and white cell count (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular volume (p =0.003), and platelet (p =0.002) and lower packed cell volume and Hb (p < 0.001). There was no difference in levels of anthropometric and hematological variables between the hydroxyurea treated and untreated SCA patients (p > 0.050). Conclusions: The low anthropometric (height, weight, and body mass index) and abnormal hematological values in the women with SCA in steady-state reflect sustained nutritional insults inflected by the disease and poverty. Tailored nutritional counseling/advice must be an integral part of managing patients with SCA. Such advice is particularly vital for women of childbearing age because of the adverse effects of prepregnancy nutritional deficiency on birth outcomes.
Local Cuban bentonite clay: composition, structure and textural characterization
Authors: Quero-Jiménez Pedro César , Arias Felipe Lester Alejandro , Prieto García Julio Omar , Jorge Rodríguez María Elisa , De la Torre López Jorge Basilio , Montenegro Osvaldo Norman , Molina Ruíz Reinaldo , Tiscornia Inés Silvia
Published: June 2021

The physic and chemical characterization of the bentonite clay from the Chiqui Gómez deposit, central Cuba, (Cuban bentonite clay) shows that it is mainly constituted by sodium montmorillonite (>90%), with a structural formula for one-layer unit determined as (Na3.99Al0.01)(Al1.11Fe3+0.49Mg0.18Ti0.07)(Ca0.24Na0.15K0.01)O10(OH)2. The Cuban bentonite clay has a specific surface area of 80 m2g-1, a pore volume of about 0.0776 cm3g-1, 61% porosity and both N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms exhibit a hysteresis loop of IV type. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the studied mineral presents the first endothermic peak, characteristic of montmorillonite, in 48.1 ºC and others less accentuated (80.8, 94.0, 119.8 ºC) characteristic of sodium montmorillonite, that corresponds to the loss of water, and can be extended up to 250 ºC. The FT-IR spectra show the existence of Si-OH, Al-Al-OH, Al-Fe-OH, Al-Mg-OH and Si-O-Si functional groups in all clay samples, bands between 1,120 and 461 cm-1 correspond to phyllosilicate structures and OH stretching vibrations were observed. pH at the point of zero charge (pHPZC) obtained has a value of 8.1, which allows montmorillonite to be classified as basic.
Personas of Agricultural Education Supporters: A Q-Method Study
Authors: Pratt Anna K. , Falk Jeremy M. , Smith Kasee L. , Bush Sarah A.
Published: June 2021

Educational partnerships are an essential part of agricultural education programs whereby external supporters give their time, talent, and resources to assist teachers and students. An agricultural teachers’ ability to recruit and retain quality supporters relies in part on their understanding of the characteristics and preferences of those individuals. In this study, we utilized a Q-method research design to examine the perspectives that existed related to school-based agricultural education (SBAE) supporter personas in Idaho. Deci and Ryan’s (1985) Self Determination theory served as the framework for our study. Our participants included a diverse set of 49 individuals who give their time, talent, or resources to support Idaho SBAE programs. Participants completed a questionnaire, q-sort procedure, and interview to examine components of each respondent’s viewpoint related to serving as an agricultural education supporter. Three common viewpoints, or personas, resulted from the data which were classified as: Developers, Amplifiers, and Visionaries. SBAE teachers should recognize that different personas of supporters exist and be intentional with selecting, training, and managing supporters in a manner that benefits the supporters’ experience with the SBAE program. Researchers should further explore the experiences and preferences of SBAE program supporters from the supporters’ perspective.
What is the Real Cost of Professional Success? A Qualitative Analysis of Work and Life Balance in Agriscience Education
Authors: Clemmons Christopher A. , Hall Meredith , Lindner James
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate United States secondary agriscience teachers’ perceptions and attitudes of balancing personal and professional responsibilities. While many researchers are asking educators why they have or would leave the profession others have suggested a more forward-looking approach to why teachers remain in the profession. The theoretical framework for this study was structured in Self-Determination Theory and framed in Attrition Theory. This study addressed two research questions: what are your perceptions of overcoming professional challenges in your career, and how do you evaluate and address your personal wellbeing as an agriscience teacher. Five semi-structured research questions were prepared prior to the telephone interviews. The frame for this study consisted of six women and ten men in 14 states. Independent analysis of participant comments were organized into 19 categories using 318 coded objects. Three emergent themes were developed and included secondary agriscience teacher contributions to the student learning environment, secondary agriscience teacher resilience confronting conflicting experiences between personal and professional responsibilities, and professional motivation and validation of individual self-worth. The findings of this paper identified a connection between professional success through intrinsic motivation affected teacher’s personal life and feelings of contentment and happiness. Findings also revealed student success in programs, academic student success in local, state, and the national FFA organization were influential as extrinsic motivators to drive intrinsic happiness.
Commonly Accepted Theories, Models, and Philosophies: The Subjective Norms of Our Discipline
Authors: Harder Amy , Roberts Grady , Lindner James R.
Published: June 2021

Inconsistent terminology used to describe agricultural education has plagued the profession for years. Colloquial terms such as “big A” or “little a” used to differentiate meaning demonstrate the struggle to clearly identify agricultural education within the academe. We sought to identify the subjective norms of the four specializations commonly considered to comprise agricultural education to determine if a single discipline or multiple disciplines exist. A national Delphi panel was convened consisting of nominated experts representing agricultural communication, agricultural leadership, extension education, and school-based agricultural education. The panels separately identified the commonly accepted theories, models, and philosophies within their respective specializations in the first two rounds. Then, panelists evaluated all consensus items from the second round in the final round to determine commonalities across specializations. Across the specializations, consensus items related to change theories, teaching and learning theories, and shared philosophies. However, enough variation existed within the findings to suggest agricultural education is not a single discipline. We discuss possible consequences for the future of our profession based on this finding, including how our subjective norms may influence publication decisions, engagement with professional associations, and departmental composition.
Hemp, Hemp, Hooray: The Impact of a Hemp Educational Campaign on College Students' Attitudes and Knowledge on Industrial Hemp
Authors: Colclasure Blake C. , Ruth Taylor K. , Brooks Tessa Durham , Holmes Andrea E.
Published: June 2021

Through the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, hemp became a federally legal crop in the United States for the first time in nearly a half century. Farmers from across the country became interested in the potential of the crop and land-grant universities and other institutions of higher education were challenged with the task of closing an expansive knowledge gap through research and outreach. Despite its federally legal status, hemp’s association with marijuana and public stigma remain. This study investigated university students’ knowledge and attitudes toward hemp before and after an educational campaign that involved hemp plants on campus. Results indicated students initially had low knowledge about hemp. A majority of students did not recognize the crop as being federally legal and were unable to distinguish major differences between hemp and marijuana. Despite low knowledge, students held fairly high attitudes toward hemp. After the educational campaign, students were significantly more knowledgeable and held more favorable attitudes toward hemp.
Factors that Motivate High School Agriculture Teachers to Teach
Authors: Ismail Normala , Miller Greg
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research was to describe the factors that motivate high school agriculture teachers to teach. The motivation to teach included intrinsic motivations, extrinsic motivations, and altruistic motivations. This was a census study using an online questionnaire that was sent to all (N = 252) high school agriculture teachers in Iowa. The Tailored Design Method with five contacts was used for data collection. The overall response rate was 47% (n = 119). Motivational factors were measured using a four-point Likert-type scale with the following response options: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, and 4 = strongly agree. Confirmatory factor analysis and maximum likelihood factor analysis were used to identify factors underlying individuals’ motivation to teach. Means and standard deviations were 3.24 (0.13) for intrinsic factors and 2.55 (0.19) for extrinsic factors, respectively, indicating these factors influenced individuals’ motivations to teach. In this study, altruistic factors retained through factor analysis aligned with the intrinsic factors. The findings were consistent with previous studies on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations based on self-determination theory. Even though teachers were drawn to the profession more strongly by intrinsic factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are important in motivating agriculture teachers to teach. The study has implications for the design of induction and mentoring programs and for the administrative support of teachers.