bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human quality of life security as a cognitive category in security sciences
Authors: Gierszewski Janusz
Published: December 2018

Interest in “quality of life” issues originated in the 1950s. The concept found applications in fields such as economics, social policy, medicine, sociology and psychology. Quality of life could perhaps also be an object of study for security sciences as well. Despite the continued popularity of this category, social scientists are yet to develop a commonly agreed upon definition of the concept. This paper constitutes an attempt at answering the question of whether the need for security is related to quality of life and whether it is valid to introduce a new conceptual category in the form of quality of life security. If so, then it is necessary to determine whether it is a measure that is subjective or objective. Human needs such as security and quality of life are what motivates human actions and activity. If one of the above needs is not being met, the individual become destabilised. The homogenisation and standardisation of scientific concepts would render it possible to compare data from an interdisciplinary point of view.
HATE ON THE INTERNET AS A THREAT TO PEOPLE’S SAFETY
Authors: Kukliński Artur
Published: December 2018

This paper considers the problem of the expression of hatred on the Internet, especially with regard to the issues of personal safety. An attempt is made to determine the reasons for the use of hate speech and to assess its various consequences. Having analysed a number of definitions of the term hate speech, the author refers to several pieces of research into the subject. Furthermore, the author, on the basis of existing sources, assesses the scale of the phenomenon, as well as the extent to which it constitutes a hazard to personal security. Finally, legal actions that may potentially be introduced are considered, as well as are the possibilities for countering hate speech on the Internet.
THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMBATING TERRORISM IN THE WORLD
Authors: Kwiatkowski Adam
Published: December 2018

The study deals with contemporary terrorist threats, the role and importance of special services in the fight against terrorism, and presents the coordination of cooperation between central administration bodies in the fight against terrorism to ensure proper cooperation between state offices involved in combating terrorism on the example of selected states.
Intervención del profesor Giuseppe de Vergottini con motivo de su Doctorado Honoris Causa
Authors: De Vergottini Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Intervención del profesor Giuseppe de Vergottini con motivo de su Doctorado Honoris Causa en la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
El art. 155 de la Constitución española (el Acuerdo del Senado)
Authors: Lafuente Balle José María
Published: December 2018

Resumen:El art. 155 de la Constitución regula la coerción federal (federal coercion) con un texto inspirado en el art. 37 de la Ley Fundamental de Bonn, si bien presenta alguna importante diferencia, particularmente por la distinta configuración electoral del Senado y el Bundesrat. Su redacción es un ejemplo característico de la ambigüedad propia de los preceptos constitucionales; y su interpretación padece de que carece de desarrollo legislativo y precedentes históricos. Con su Resolución de 27 de octubre de 2017, el Senado ha aplicado por vez primera el art. 155 por entender que la Generalitat había incurrido en desobediencia a la Constitución. La autorización al Gobierno central conllevó el cese del Gobierno de Cataluña y la posterior disolución del Parlamento autonómico. Dos han sido los recursos de inconstitucionalidad instados, respectivamente, por el grupo parlamentario de Unidos-Podemos y por la Diputación Permanente del Parlamento de Cataluña. En este trabajo se aborda su análisis jurídico y se arriesga el vaticinio de Sentencia que habrá de dictar el Tribunal Constitucional. Summary:1. The injuction of the Spanish Government and the Order of the Spanish Senate of 27th of October, 2017; 2. The application of the state coercion of section 155 in Catalonia; 3. The procedural question of the judicial review of the Order of the Senate; 4. The motion filed by the political party Unidos-Podemos claiming that the application of section 155 is against the Spanish Constitution; 5. The Opinion 14/2017 of the Catalan Consell de Garanties Estatutáries. The motion filed by the Catalan Parliament for judicial review against the Order of the Spanish Senate; 6. The material question: Does the bloque de constitucionalidad entails a limit beforesection 155?Abstract:Section 155 of the Spanish Constitution regulates federal coercion by means of a text inspired in section 37 of the Fundamental Law of Bonn, although the former presents some important differences, especially due to the different electoral configuration of the Spanish Senate and the Bundesrat. The wording of section 155 is a good example of the characteristic ambiguity of constitutional texts. Its interpretation suffers from a lack of legislative development and former  precedents. By means of the Order of 27th of October, 2017, the Spanish Senate has applied for the first time section 155, understanding that the Catalan Generalitat had violated the Constitution. The authorization given to the Spanish Government entailed the dismissal of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and the dissolution of the Autonomous Parliament. Two motions have been filed,one by the parliamentary group Unidos-Podemos, and another by the DiputaciónPermanenteof the Parliament of Catalonia. This paper tackles the legal analysis of section 155, and risks predicting the future ruling of the Spanish Constitutional Court.
Indledning: Måling som praksis
Authors: Mogensen Mette , Sauzet Sofie , Sørensen Ole H.
Published: December 2018

Målinger og dataproduktion i arbejdslivet er som oftest knyttet op på styring og ledelse. Der måles for at få overblik, udvikle, vedligeholde, kontrollere og korrigere. Vi måler for at gøre noget synligt og dermed tilgængeligt for inspektion, organisering og forandring. Målinger er ofte knyttet til særlige (politiske) intentioner og ambitioner: At forbedre sikkerheden for patienter, at styrke elevernes læring, at forbedre indtjening og kvalitet eller at øge medarbejdernes sundhed og trivsel. Og som kronikken i dette nummer understreger, så betyder den gennemgribende digitalisering af arbejdet, som fi nder sted i mange organisationer, at der genereres stadig større mængder data, som kan indgå i målinger i arbejdslivet.
Merproduktion af målbarhed: Synlighed og nye ledelsesopgaver
Authors: Plesner Ursula , Justesen Lise
Published: December 2018

Målinger af arbejde til ledelsesformål kan konstrueres på mangfoldige måder. Når vi taler om evalueringer, kvalitetsmålinger, produktivitetsmålinger, rankings og mange andre former for målinger, er det fælles for dem, at de ofte har til formål at kontrollere og vurdere de ansattes præstationer på arbejdet, samt at de baserer sig på en eller anden form for data og på specifi kke måleapparater. Forskningen om præstationsmålinger rummer mange interessante analyser af, hvordan den slags målinger konkret designes og anvendes af ledere, og hvordan målingerne påvirker organisationen og medarbejderne på intenderede, men i høj grad også på ikke- intenderede måder. Uforudsete og ofte uhensigtsmæssige konsekvenser af målinger er bredt beskrevet og diskuteret i den kritiske organisationsforskning, mens den mere præskriptive ledelseslitteratur til stadighed søger at fi nde mere effektive – og retfærdige – måder at måle på. I begge tilfælde handler det typisk om at rette blikket mod konkrete teknologier, der er designet med målinger for øje og på det grundlag frembringe analyser af disse teknologier og deres implikationer.
Projection de la population canadienne vivant en institution de santé : le nombre de places pourra-t-il répondre aux besoins des baby-boomers ?1
Authors: Boissonneault Michaël , Décarie Yann , Légaré Jacques
Published: December 2018

Au Canada, une part importante des soins de longue durée sont prodigués en institution de santé. Ces soins sont associés à des coûts importants, lesquels risquent d’augmenter encore plus rapidement avec l’avancée en âge des membres des cohortes nombreuses du baby-boom. Cependant, les gouvernements font de plus en plus d’efforts pour contenir ces coûts en favorisant le soutien à domicile. Cette situation rend le fait de projeter la population vivant en institution de santé très difficile. Nous présentons dans cet article la projection faite par le modèle de microsimulation LifePaths. Cette projection est faite en supposant le risque d’institutionnalisation constant dans le temps et prévoit un quadruplement des effectifs pendant la période 2011-2051. Étant donné le contexte politique, nous doutons qu’une telle augmentation se réalise. Nous proposons différents scénarios de réduction du nombre de personnes vivant en institution de santé. Les projections tiennent alors compte du transfert d’un certain nombre de personnes vivant en institution vers la population en ménage privé. Nous montrons comment ces personnes peuvent être choisies sur la base de certaines combinaisons de caractéristiques telles l’âge, le niveau de scolarité, le statut matrimonial et le nombre de proches survivants. Enfin, nous quantifions l’augmentation du nombre de personnes projetées comme vivant en ménage privé avec incapacité grave, qui pourrait être accrue de 67 pour cent pendant la période 2011-2051 si l’on suppose que le nombre de personnes vivant en institution de santé reste constant dans le temps.
L’individu hypermoderne face aux big data
Authors: Jauréguiberry Francis
Published: December 2018

Lesbig data, ledatamininget le profilage, avec l’ensemble des applications d’aide à l’action individuelle et collective qui en découle, suscitent à juste titre des inquiétudes en ce qui concerne, d’une part la protection de la vie privée dans un environnement capteur des faits et gestes de chacun, d’autre part les formes de gouvernance de plus en plus informées par des algorithmes prédictifs. Sans négliger ces dangers, une position presque inverse sera ici défendue sous forme d’hypothèse : loin d’entraîner le déclin de l’autonomie individuelle, de soi comme personne singulière capable de réflexivité et en position de faire des choix autonomes, la confrontation renouvelée à une image personnelle purement quantitative et utilitaire (profil) peut conduire à un ressaisissement de soi visant à ce que les choix soient non plus seulement guidés par une logique narcissique, utilitaire et quantitative, mais tout autant par des principes de cohérence individuelle, éthiques et moraux qui,in fine, donnent du sens à la vie.
Distribution du pouvoir d’agir des entités sociales dans les études informatiques sur Twitter
Authors: Boullier Dominique
Published: December 2018

La recherche informatique traite souvent de problèmes qui relèvent des sciences sociales. Cet article propose d’examiner la façon dont ces travaux, souvent très formalisés sur le plan mathématique et algorithmique, reprennent de fait des points de vue standards sur le social. À cette occasion, il est en effet proposé de réduire les choix de points de vue effectués par les sciences sociales à trois distributions du pouvoir d’agir (agencyou agentivité) à des entités différentes : structure, préférences individuelles et réplications (sans ignorer leurs diverses combinaisons). Une discussion approfondie de ces approches dans la tradition sociologique permet de situer la pertinence d’une telle réduction à trois points de vue. Le terrain Twitter constitue un prototype très attractif pour les recherches en informatique qui veulent traiter de processus sociaux : malgré son caractère de haute fréquence qui favoriserait spontanément l’étude du pouvoir d’agir des conversations ou des messages, les trois points de vue (structure, préférences individuelles et réplications) se révèlent être utilisés dans cette littérature, ce qui montrea fortiorila puissance des points de vue que les sciences sociales ont réussi à diffuser chez tous les publics. La présentation d’articles remarquables pour chacune de ces distributions d’agentivité permet d’accéder à la fécondité de ces travaux, trop souvent ignorés des sciences sociales.
Learning from Differences
Authors: Bortkeviciene Virginija , Gunnthorsdottir Hermina , Hjaelmeskog Karin , Ivanova Ilze , Maaranen Katriina , Steinsvik Brit
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a case study of an intensive international course aimed at pre-service teachers and having a focus on inclusion. The course was funded by Nordplus. Twenty-three students from six Baltic and Nordic countries were interviewed during and after the course on their views on professionalism and their future work as teachers. The results show that the students’ understanding of professionalism was multifaceted, and they had gained several experiences of professionalism during the course. One of the main results of this study is, in our opinion, the co-operation and the opportunities the intensive course afforded the students in developing skills to work together with different people, to appreciate difference and to learn from others. In other words, to become more open-minded. This allows us to conclude that students can be trained to consider the importance and understanding of knowledge and its use for now and in the future. Thus, providing such short-term international opportunities is an important part of studying and becoming a teacher or social pedagogue for the globalized future.
PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA – UMA ANÁLISE SOB A ÓPTICA DAS CONDIÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS EM QUE VIVEM AS FAMÍLIAS BENEFICIÁRIAS EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO, MG, BRASIL
Authors: Onuzik Natália De Cássia , Tavares Ricardo , Lima Cláudia Aparecida Marliére de , Fausto Maria Arlene
Published: December 2018

É inegável o impacto do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) na vida de milhões de famílias brasileiras, porém inúmeras são as estruturas que sustentam a desigualdade social no Brasil, entre elas as condições socioambientais em que vivem as populações. Considerando a importância em articular outras políticas públicas ao PBF, esse estudo propôs investigar, empregando a técnica de Análise de Correspondência (AC), associações entre a situação de pobreza das famílias beneficiárias pelo PBF residentes em um município da Serra do Espinhaço, interior do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com as condições socioambientais em que vivem. Os resultados revelaram precariedades no que tange a oferta de serviços de saneamento básico no município e a situação estrutural das moradias. Além disso, as insalubridades ambientais diagnosticadas mostraram-se mais graves conforme a severidade da pobreza. Tendo em vista que o fenômeno da pobreza percorre os mecanismos de renda, mas não se esgota neles, é de suma importância que políticas públicas, nesse sentido, sejam elaboradas e articuladas às de transferência de renda, no caso brasileiro, ao PBF, de modo a enfraquecer o cenário das desigualdades no país.
«О Малаккской крепости» (отрывок из мемуаров Абдуллаха бин Абдулкадира Мунши). Предисловие, перевод с малайского, примечания, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Liubov V. Goriaeva
Published: December 2018

Статья содержит исследовательское предисловие и перевод с малайского главы «О Малаккской крепости» из книги «История Абдуллаха», принадлежащей перу известного малайского автора - Абдуллаха бин Абдулкадира Мунши (1796/7-1854). В этой главе автор рассказывает о событии, свидетелем которого он стал еще подростком, - разрушении главной цитадели Малакки, крепости A’Famosa британскими властями в 1808-1809 гг. Он дает подробное описание этой постройки и обстоятельств, предшествовавших ее разрушению, а также последствий подрывных работ и жертв, которые они повлекли за собой.
О слове ?vkM (? ?) в 2СлСиф 58.15-16 (NHC VII.2) и о раннехристианском «крещении» вообщe. Часть 3, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Alexandr L. Khosroyev
Published: December 2018

В третьей части статьи продолжен критический разбор случаев употребления понятия «крещение» ( ) и ему родственных ( ) в таких сочинениях первой половины II в., как так называемые «1-е и 2-е Послания» Климента Римского, «Послания» Игнатия, «Пастырь» Гермы, «Учение апостолов», «Послание Варнавы» и труды Иустина. Свидетельства этих текстов показывают, что к середине II в. обряд «водного крещения» становится уже неотъемлемой частью церковной жизни в разных концах Римской империи. Продолжение - в следующем номере журнала.
«Архаичный» глагольный суффикс в диалектах Хорасана, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Youli A. Ioannesyan
Published: December 2018

В ряде современных персидских диалектов Хорасана по обе стороны от ирано-афганской границы сохранился глагольный постпозитивный формант (суффикс) -i/- , известный по раннесредневековым текстам - ( ). В разных говорах он выполняет различные функции. В некоторых имеет крайне ограниченное употребление, в других представлен более широкой сферой грамматических функций. Предпринятое в статье исследование на основе диалектологического материала раскрывает полное структурное совпадение диалектных примеров с соответствующими формами в раннесредневековых текстах, а также единый грамматический контекст употребления данных форм в современных хорасанских говорах и средневековых письменных памятниках, что подтверждает правомерность отождествления диалектного -i/- с - ( ) раннесредневековых текстов.
A Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas do Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (CLTEMTA) - 1907 a 1915: tecendo caminhos no sertão
Authors: Teodoro Cristiane Aparecida Zambolin , Nogueira Carlo Eugênio
Published: December 2018

Com o objetivo de discutir algumas das contribuições da Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas do Mato Grosso ao Amazonas - CLTEMTA (1907 a 1915) para os processos de apropriação e domínio territorial desenvolvidos pelo Estado Republicano nas áreas atualmente correspondentes ao Noroeste do Brasil, em Mato Grosso, no então denominado “sertão vazio”, selecionou-se nesse texto um recorte da dissertação de mestrado intitulada “O Domínio Territorial Republicano manifestado na Multiexpressividade da Comissão Rondon”, na qual pretendeu-se apontar as ações de reconhecimento territorial executadas nos primeiros anos da CLTEMTA que fortaleceram a corporatura do Estado associada ao exercício de seu poder soberano no território. Os dados apresentados foram resultantes da discussão e da análise das Conferências realizadas no ano de 1910 por Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon, as quais apresentam um importante perfil das ideologias geográficas existentes no período, cuja materialidade se faz expressa em uma representação cartográfica dos avanços obtidos nas expedições de estudos e reconhecimento, que foram determinantes para o processo de legitimação estatal em uma sociedade que se encontrava em processo de composição.

Abstract

THE COMMISSION OF STRATEGIC TELEGRAPHIC LINES FROM MATO GROSSO TO AMAZONAS (CLTEMTA) - 1907 TO 1915: WEAVING TRACES IN SERTÃO

With the objective to discussing some of the Strategic Telegraphic Lines from Mato Grosso to Amazonas contributions – CLTEMTA (1907 to 1915) to the processes of appropriation and territorial domain developed by the Republican State in the areas currently corresponding to the Northwest of Brazil, in Mato Grosso, in the so-called “empty hinterland”, a selection of the masters dissertation titled “The Republican Territorial Domain manifested in the Multi-Pressiveness of Rondon Commission” was selected in this text, in which it was intended to point out the actions of territorial recognition executed in the first years of CLTEMTA that strengthened the state body associated with the exercise of its sovereign power in the territory. The data presented were the discussions results and analysis of the Conferences held in 1910 by Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon, which present an important profile of the geographical ideologies existing in the period, whose materiality is expressed in a cartographic representation by the advances obtained in the expeditions of studies and recognition that were decisive for the process of state legitimation in a society that was in its composition process.
Imperatriz do Maranhão: proposição para a compreensão do processo de ocupação e consolidação da cidade
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Lima , Nunes Fabrizia Gioppo
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho ressalta aspectos importantes do processo formativo da cidade de Imperatriz, considerada a segunda maior cidade do estado do Maranhão, situada na região nordeste brasileira. Como objetivo central elege-se a discussão e a análise do processo de ocupação da cidade, na elaboração de um modelo teórico que permita aglutinar esse entendimento. Assim, propõe-se que tal processo seja entendido mediante a abordagem das frentes de ocupação, dos estágios evolutivos e da sucessão das atividades econômicas. Como resultado, a abordagem permitiu identificar que, no histórico de formação da cidade, houve três estágios importantes e distintos, respectivamente pelas características: “exploratória”, “desenvolvimentista” e, atualmente, a “consolidação”, todos compostos por atividades comerciais distintas, configuradoras dos estágios econômicos.

Abstract

IMPERATRIZ DO MARANHÃO: PROPOSITION FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESS OF OCCUPATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE CITY

This work highlights important aspects of the formative process of the city of Imperatriz, considered the second largest city in the state of Maranhão, located in the northeast region of Brazil. A central objective is the discussion and analysis of the process of occupation of the city, in the elaboration of a theoretical model that allows to agglutinate this understanding. Thus, it is proposed that this process be understood through the approach of occupation fronts, evolutionary stages and succession of economic activities. As a result, the approach allowed to identify that in the history of formation of the city, there were three important stages and distinguished, respectively by the characteristics: “exploratory”, “developmental” and now “consolidation”, all composed by distinct commercial activities, economic conditions.
Condição juvenil em tempo de incerteza: experiência em grande empreendimento habitacional
Authors: Cassab Clarice
Published: December 2018

O texto discorre sobre a condição juvenil em contexto de incerteza que marca a contemporaneidade. A partir do par sociabilidade e identidade apresentará uma reflexão sobre como essas incertezas têm forjado novas subjetividades e novas formas de viver a juventude, especialmente entre jovens pobres. Para tanto, tem, como campo empírico, jovens moradores do maior conjunto habitacional do MCMV em uma cidade média mineira.

Abstract

JUVENILE CONDITION IN UNCERTAINTY TIME: EXPERIENCES IN SOCIAL HOUSING PROJECT

The paper discusses the juvenile condition in the context of uncertainty that marks contemporaneity. From the pair sociability and identity, the paper will present a reflection on how these uncertainties have forged new subjectivities and new ways of living the youth, especially among poor young people. For this purpose, it has as an empirical field, young people living in the largest housing estate of the MCMV in a medium-sized city.
The potential roles of long non‐coding RNAs in lipopolysaccharide‐induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as determined by microarray analysis
Authors: Zhang Anqiang , Lu Hongxiang , Wen Dalin , Sun Jianhui , Du Juan , Wang Xu , Gu Wei , Jiang Jianxin
Published: December 2018

Sepsis arises from an aberrant and excessive host response to infection. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in multiple cellular functions, including inflammation and immunity. However, to date there has been no systematic attempt to identify lncRNAs whose expression is changed after the induction of the innate immune response. In this study, we profiled global lncRNA and mRNA expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a microarray platform. Of the 40 914 lncRNAs screened, 596 were significantly upregulated and 250 were significantly downregulated (corrected P < 0.05) in response to LPS. Of the 34 236 mRNAs screened, 802 were upregulated and 549 were downregulated. Functional annotation analysis indicated that lncRNA‐associated differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily enriched in host immune and inflammatory responses. This study provides the first lncRNA and mRNA transcriptomic landscape of LPS‐mediated changes in human PBMCs. These findings may provide potential insights into lncRNAs involved in the immunopathology of sepsis.
Optimised methods (SDS/PAGE and LC‐MS) reveal deamidation in all examined transglutaminase‐mediated reactions
Authors: Sivadó Éva , El Alaoui Meddy , Kiraly Robert , Fesüs László , Delolme Frédéric , Page Adeline , El Alaoui Saïd
Published: December 2018

Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of structurally and functionally related enzymes that catalyse calcium‐dependent post‐translational modifications of proteins through protein–protein crosslinking, amine incorporation, or deamidation. For many years deamidation mediated by TGs was considered to be a side reaction, but recently substrate‐specific deamidations have been reported. Here we describe an optimised SDS/PAGE assay for the easy and rapid monitoring of the TG reaction with small peptides. The relative proportion of deamidation to transamidation was evaluated by densitometric analysis and confirmed by nano‐liquid chromatography–nano‐electrospray ionisation MS. We further investigated the effect of reaction conditions on transamidation and deamidation of TG1, TG2 and blood coagulation factor XIII A‐subunit (FXIII‐A) enzymes using a panel of glutamine‐containing peptide substrates. The ratio of transamidation to deamidation was enhanced at high excess of the acyl‐acceptor substrate and increasing pH. In addition, it was influenced by peptide substrates as well. Whereas deamidation was favoured at low cadaverine concentrations and acidic pH, no significant effect of calcium was observed on the ratio of transamidation/deamidation. Under our experimental conditions, deamidation always occurred in vitro even at high excess of the acyl‐acceptor substrate, and the reaction outcome was shifted to deamidation at neutral pH. Our results provide clear evidence of the deamidation in the TG reaction, and may serve as an important approach for in vivo analysis of deamidation to better understand the role of TGs in biological events.
Genome‐wide profiling of mRNA and lncRNA expression in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Zhong Xiao‐Lan , Liao Xiao‐Ming , Shen Fei , Yu Hai‐Jian , Yan Wen‐Sheng , Zhang Yun‐Fang , Ye Jia‐Jun , Lv Zhi‐Ping
Published: December 2018

Dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are recurrent diseases that are widespread in the tropics. Here, we identified candidate genes associated with these diseases by performing integrated analyses of DF (GSE51808) and DHF (GSE18090) microarray datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In all, we identified 7635 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DF and 8147 DEGs in DHF as compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). In addition, we discovered 215 differentially expressed long non‐coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) in DF and 225 DElncRNAs in DHF. There were 1256 common DEGs and eight common DElncRNAs in DHF vs DF, DHF vs normal control, and DF vs normal control groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that signal transduction (false discovery rate = 8.33E‐10), ‘toxoplasmosis’, and ‘protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum’ were significantly enriched pathways for common DEGs. We conclude that the MAGED1,STAT1, and IL12A genes may play crucial roles in DF and DHF, and suggest that our findings may facilitate the identification of biomarkers and the development of new drug design strategies for DF and DHF treatment.
A set‐based model‐free reinforcement learning design technique for nonlinear systems
Authors: Guay Martin , Atta Khalid Tourkey
Published: December 2018

In this study, we propose an extremum‐seeking approach for the approximation of optimal control problems for a class of unknown nonlinear dynamical systems. The technique combines a phasor extremum‐seeking controller with a reinforcement learning strategy. The learning approach is used to estimate the value function of an optimal control problem of interest. The phasor extremum‐seeking controller implements the approximate optimal controller. The approach is shown to provide reasonable approximations of optimal control problems without the need for a parameterization of the nonlinear system's dynamics. A simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
Growth and Isolation of Large Area Boron‐Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Sheets: A Route toward Diamond‐on‐Graphene Heterojunction
Authors: Bogdanowicz R. , Ficek M. , Sobaszek M. , Nosek A. , Gołuński Ł. , Karczewski J. , Jaramillo‐Botero A. , Goddard W. A. , Bockrath M. , Ossowski T.
Published: December 2018

Many material device applications would benefit from thin diamond coatings, but current growth techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition require high substrate and gas‐phase temperatures that would destroy the device being coated. The development of freestanding, thin boron‐doped diamond nanosheets grown on tantalum foil substrates via microwave plasma‐assisted CVD is reported. These diamond sheets (measuring up to 4 × 5 mm in planar area, and 300–600 nm in thickness) are removed from the substrate using mechanical exfoliation and then transferred to other substrates, including Si/SiO2 and graphene. The electronic properties of the resulting diamond nanosheets and their dependence on the free‐standing growth, the mechanical exfoliation and transfer processes, and ultimately on their composition are characterized. To validate this, a prototypical diamond nanosheet–graphene field effect transistor‐like (DNGfet) device is developed and its electronic transport properties are studied as a function of temperature. The resulting DNGfet device exhibits thermally activated transport (thermionic conductance) above 50 K. Below 50 K a transition to variable range hopping is observed. These findings demonstrate the first step towards a low‐temperature diamond‐based transistor.
Biodegradable Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Luo Zhimin , Sun Wujin , Fang Jun , Lee KangJu , Li Song , Gu Zhen , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: December 2018

Biocompatible and bioresponsive microneedles (MNs) are emerging technology platforms for sustained drug release with a potential to be a key player in transdermal delivery of therapeutics. In this paper, an innovative biodegradable MNs patch for the sustained delivery of drugs using a polymer patch, which can adjust delivery rates based on its crosslinking degree, is reported. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is used as the base for engineering biodegradable MNs. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded into GelMA MNs using the one molding step. The GelMA MNs can efficiently penetrate the stratum corneum layer of a mouse cadaver skin. Mechanical properties and drug release behavior of the GelMA MNs can be adjusted by tuning the degree of crosslinking. The efficacy of the DOX released from the GelMA MNs is tested and the anticancer efficacy of the released drugs against melanoma cell line A375 is demonstrated. Since GelMA is a versatile material in engineering tissue scaffolds, it is expected that the GelMA MNs can be used as a platform for the delivery of various therapeutics.
Noncontact Electrical Probe for Monitoring Cellular Processes in Primary Retinal Explants
Authors: Purohit Sumukh , Deepak Chakram Sundar , Rajendran Nisha , Narayan Kavassery Sureswaran
Published: December 2018

Quantitative assessment involving noncontact electrical methods without the need for microscopy can enable a remote user to monitor the cell growth and development at different stages. In this line of pursuit, the utility of ultrahigh impedance, air‐suspended capacitively coupled electric potential sensors to monitor electrically active cells is examined. Standard cell lines and chick retinal explants on a variety of optoelectronically active polymer substrates are utilized to demonstrate the utility of this sensor placed in proximity without physical contact. Burst firing in developing chick retina in the early stage when photoreceptors are not developed can be observed via the photoexcitation of optoelectronic substrates using this noncontact sensing method.
Photocatalytic C(sp3)−H Activation towards α‐methylenation of Ketones using MeOH as 1 C Source Steering Reagent
Authors: Verma Fooleswar , Shukla Prashant , Bhardiya Smita R. , Singh Manorama , Rai Ankita , Rai Vijai K.
Published: December 2018

Unprecedented direct access to terminal enones via α‐methylenation of aryl ketones to form C=C bond is achieved under visible‐light conditions using methanol as one carbon source substrate and solvent as well. The reaction involves Cu@g‐C3N4‐catalysed in situ oxidation of methanol into formaldehyde followed by dehydrative cross aldol type reaction. Various aryl ketones react efficiently with MeOH, producing α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds only in 4–8 h at room temperature in excellent yield (84–97%). Operational simplicity, wide substrate scope, ambient reaction conditions, visible‐light photocatalysis and novel application of MeOH as methylene donor substrate are the salient features making the envisaged protocol mild, efficient and green alternative to the existing methods for synthesis of such fine chemicals.

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B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Reduction of Amides to Amines with Ammonia Borane
Authors: Pan Yixiao , Luo Zhenli , Han Jiahong , Xu Xin , Chen Changjun , Zhao Haoqiang , Xu Lijin , Fan Qinghua , Xiao Jianliang
Published: December 2018

The first B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed deoxygenative reduction of amides into the corresponding amines with readily accessible and stable ammonia borane (AB) as a reducing agent under mild reaction conditions is reported. This metal‐free protocol provides facile access to a wide range of structurally diverse amine products in good to excellent yields, and various functional groups including those that are reduction‐sensitive were well tolerated. This new method is also applicable to chiral amide substrates without erosion of the enantiomeric purity. The role of BF3 ⋅ OEt2 co‐catalyst in this reaction is to activate the amide carbonyl group via the in situ formation of an amide‐boron adduct.

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Confinement‐Induced Ordering and Self‐Folding of Cellulose Nanofibrils
Authors: Smith Kathleen Beth , Tisserant Jean‐Nicolas , Assenza Salvatore , Arcari Mario , Nyström Gustav , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: December 2018

Cellulose is a pervasive polymer, displaying hierarchical lengthscales and exceptional strength and stiffness. Cellulose's complex organization, however, also hinders the detailed understanding of the assembly, mesoscopic properties, and structure of individual cellulose building blocks. This study combines nanolithography with atomic force microscopy to unveil the properties and structure of single cellulose nanofibrils under weak geometrical confinement. By statistical analysis of the fibril morphology, it emerges that confinement induces both orientational ordering and self‐folding of the fibrils. Excluded volume simulations reveal that this effect does not arise from a fibril population bias applied by the confining slit, but rather that the fibril conformation itself changes under confinement, with self‐folding favoring fibril's free volume entropy. Moreover, a nonstochastics angular bending probability of the fibril kinks is measured, ruling out alternating amorphous–crystalline regions. These findings push forward the understanding of cellulose nanofibrils and may inspire the design of functional materials based on fibrous templates.
Tailoring Highly Thermal Conductive Properties of Te/MoS2/Ag Heterostructure Nanocomposites Using a Bottom‐Up Approach
Authors: Yan Changzeng , Yu Tianhang , Ji Chao , Kang Dae Joon , Wang Ning , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping
Published: December 2018

Ever‐increasing packaging and power densities of modern electronic devices in the present “More‐than‐Moore” technology era demand higher performance thermal interface materials (TIMs). However, conventional composite TIMs require higher loading to achieve better thermal conductive property, resulting in a mechanical problem. The poor wetting property of matrix loading materials further increases the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). In this work, a one‐step hydrothermal method is employed to grow 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets on a tellurium (Te) nanowire skeleton and silver (Ag) nanoparticles are further decorated on MoS2 nanosheets via the photoreduction method. The in‐plane thermal conductivity of the final nanocomposite reaches as high as 10.4 W m−1 K−1, which is 4,160% higher than that of a pure epoxy resin and one order of magnitude higher than that of conventional polymeric nanocomposites. The 3D interconnected heat transferring network of Te/MoS2/Ag greatly enhances the thermal stability of the composite in practical applications. The rational materials design concept may contribute to the development of new types of high‐performance thermal management materials.
The rigid adsorbent lattice fluid model for pure and mixed gas adsorption
Authors: Brandani Stefano
Published: December 2018

The ability of macroscopic models to predict correctly multicomponent systems from pure component isotherms alone remains a major challenge in adsorption engineering. A new fundamental thermodynamic model for multicomponent adsorption of molecules of different size in nanoporous materials is derived from a modified lattice fluid model. Expressions for the fugacity coefficients are derived and the resulting equilibrium relationships are shown to be consistent with a type I adsorption isotherm. Expressions are obtained for the saturation capacity, the Henry law constant and the adsorption energy. The model is applied to silicalite and the parameters for the adsorbent are obtained from crystal properties, the adsorption energy of n‐alkanes and Henry law constants for six gases. Model predictions for gas adsorption up to 20 bar are shown to be comparable to empirical adsorption isotherm equations. Extension to binary and quaternary systems shows good a priori predictive capability when compared to experimental data. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1304–1314, 2019
Birth mode and infectious morbidity risks in Qom children of Argentina
Authors: Martin Melanie A. , Veile Amanda J. , Valeggia Claudia R.
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Cesarean delivery may increase childhood infectious morbidity risks via altered birth exposures and subsequent immune, microbial, and epigenetic development. Many Latin American indigenous populations experience dual burdens of infectious and chronic diseases, and are particularly vulnerable to rising rates of cesarean delivery and associated adverse outcomes. The Qom/Toba are an indigenous population in Argentina experiencing rapid lifestyle transitions. We hypothesized that cesarean delivery would be associated with increased risk of infectious symptoms in Qom children after adjusting for gestational and nutritional factors.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of birth records and monthly anthropometric and illness data collected previously from 90 Qom children (aged 1‐55 months). We tested for additive effects of birth mode on risk of gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory illness (RI) in mixed‐effects logistic regression models adjusting for child weight‐for‐age (WAZ), weaning, and gestational and maternal age.

Results

Cesarean deliveries accounted for 46% of births and were associated with maternal age < 20 and ≥ 30 years, gestational age < 39 weeks, and prenatal complications. GI and RI risks were reduced in association with cesarean delivery, greater WAZ, weaning, maternal age ≥ 30 years, and gestational age < 39 weeks.

Conclusions

The relationship between cesarean delivery and reduced infectious risks may reflect statistical confounding with relatively rapid postnatal growth and greater adiposity. Postnatal growth trajectories may be important mediators of long‐term morbidity risks associated with cesarean delivery. The frequency of cesarean deliveries among the Qom remains concerning given traditionally high rates of fertility and adolescent pregnancy.
Vascular Risk and β‐Amyloid Are Synergistically Associated with Cortical Tau
Authors: Rabin Jennifer S. , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Schultz Aaron P. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Hedden Trey , Viswanathan Anand , Gatchel Jennifer R. , Marshall Gad A. , Kilpatrick Emily , Klein Hannah , Rao Vaishnavi , Buckley Rachel F. , Yau Wai‐Ying Wendy , Kirn Dylan R. , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Neuropathological studies have demonstrated that cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology frequently co‐occur in older adults. The extent to which cerebrovascular disease influences the progression of AD pathology remains unclear. Leveraging newly available positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we examined whether a well‐validated measure of systemic vascular risk and β‐amyloid (Aβ) burden have an interactive association with regional tau burden.

Methods

Vascular risk was quantified at baseline in 152 clinically normal older adults (mean age = 73.5 ± 6.1 years) with the office‐based Framingham Heart Study cardiovascular disease risk algorithm (FHS‐CVD). We acquired Aβ (11C‐Pittsburgh compound B) and tau (18F‐flortaucipir) PET imaging on the same participants. Aβ PET was performed at baseline; tau PET was acquired on average 2.98 ± 1.1 years later. Tau was measured in the entorhinal cortex (EC), an early site of tau deposition, and in the inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an early site of neocortical tau accumulation associated with AD. Linear regression models examined FHS‐CVD and Aβ as interactive predictors of tau deposition, adjusting for age, sex, APOE ε4 status, and the time interval between baseline and the tau PET scan.

Results

We observed a significant interaction between FHS‐CVD and Aβ burden on subsequently measured ITC tau (p < 0.001), whereby combined higher FHS‐CVD and elevated Aβ burden was associated with increased tau. The interaction was not significant for EC tau (p = 0.16).

Interpretation

Elevated vascular risk may influence tau burden when coupled with high Aβ burden. These results suggest a potential link between vascular risk and tau pathology in preclinical AD. Ann Neurol 2019; 1–8 ANN NEUROL 2019;85:272–279.
Solar radius and luminosity variations induced by the internal dynamo magnetic fields
Authors: Spada F. , Arlt R. , Küker M. , Sofia S.
Published: December 2018

Although the occurrence of solar irradiance variations induced by magnetic surface features (e.g., sunspots, faculae, magnetic network) is generally accepted, the existence of intrinsic luminosity changes due to the internal magnetic fields is still controversial. This additional contribution is expected to be accompanied by radius variations and occurs on timescales not limited to that of the 11‐year cycle, and thus to be potentially significant for the climate of the Earth. We aim to constrain theoretically the radius and luminosity variations of the Sun that are due to the effect of the variable magnetic fields in its interior associated with the dynamo cycle. We have extended a one‐dimensional stellar evolution code to include several effects of the magnetic fields on the interior structure, such as the contributions to the hydrostatic equilibrium equation and to the energy conservation equation, the impact on the density and the equation of state, and the inhibition of convective energy transport. We investigate different magnetic configurations, based on both observational constraints and on the output of state‐of‐the‐art mean field dynamo models. We explore both step‐like and simply periodic time dependences of the magnetic field peak strength. We find that magnetic models have decreased luminosity and increased radii with respect to their nonmagnetic counterparts. In other words, the luminosity and radius variations are in anti‐phase and in phase, respectively, with the magnetic field strength. For peak magnetic field strengths of the order of tens of kilogauss, luminosity variations ranging between 10−6and 10−3(in modulus) and radius variations between 10−6and 10−5are obtained. Modest but significant radius variations (up to 10−5in relative terms) are obtained for magnetic fields of realistic strength and geometry, providing a potentially observable signature of the intrinsic variations. Establishing their existence in addition to the accepted surface effects would have very important implications for the understanding of solar‐induced long‐term trends on climate.
Consider lessons learned from Ohio State investigation
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: December 2018

The investigation involving the responses by Ohio State head football coach Urban Meyer to the claims of domestic assault allegedly perpetrated by a former assistant coach against his ex‐wife garnered national attention.
Consistent practice key to readiness for an active shooter emergency
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2018

Besides being assistant director of public safety at Harding University, Kevin Davis is the co‐owner of D‐2 Security Solutions, a security training and consulting business that provides active shooter training to K–12 schools and businesses. “It's something we're really passionate about,” Davis said of the consulting company, which he co‐operates with another Harding professional.
Create a space to uncover unconscious bias to advance racial equity on campus
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2018

WASHINGTON, D.C. — In an increasingly polarized world, learning how to have difficult conversations and build spaces on campus that advance racial equity is a more and more important skill. “Unconscious bias lives in all of us,” said Mee Moua, principal at Interdependent Group LLC and consultant at the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, at a session on advancing racial equity presented at the annual conference of the Association of American Colleges and Universities.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Coumarins withtert‐Butyl and Terpene Substituents
Authors: Popova Svetlana A. , Shevchenko Oksana G. , Chukicheva Irina Y. , Kutchin Aleksander V.
Published: December 2018

Coumarins with terpene andtert‐butyl substituents were synthesized via Pechmann condensation reaction. New derivatives were investigated in different model system for the exhibition of antioxidant, radical scavenging and membrane‐protective activities. It has been found that 4‐methylcoumarin derivatives with monoterpene moieties exhibit high antioxidant activities. The most active and promising for further investigations is 5‐hydroxy‐6,8‐diisobornyl‐4‐methylcoumarin, containing two isobornyl substituents on the benzopyran ring.