bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing library and information science graduates’ skills and knowledge against 21st-century employability demands
Authors: Kassim Mohamed , Katunzi-Mollel Kokuberwa , Mwantimwa Kelefa
Published: September 2022

The demands of graduates, employers and society are changing due to substantial technological advancements. The present study assessed the library and information science skills and knowledge required by employers and society. The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive research design with both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study sample was drawn from Master of Arts in Information Studies students who graduated from the University of Dar es Salaam between 2005 and 2020. Questionnaires, alongside interview guides, were used as instruments for the collection of the required data. Descriptive statistics and thematic methods were used to analyse the data. The findings suggest that the Master of Arts in Information Studies curriculum does not fully fulfil all of the expectations and needs of the graduates, employers and society. The study reveals the mismatch between what the curriculum offers and current job market requirements. The study recommends a regular review of the Master of Arts in Information Studies curriculum to effectively integrate 21st-century competencies that meet the needs of the current job market.
The Effect of Nurse Aide Retention on Ohio’s Nursing Home Resident Care Experience Scores: A Facility-Level Analysis
Authors: Kennedy Katherine A.
Published: September 2022

This study examined whether certified nurse aide (CNA) retention was positively related to nursing home (NH) resident care experiences at the organizational-level. The 2017 Ohio Biennial Survey of Long-Term Care Facilities and the 2017 Ohio Nursing Home Resident Satisfaction Survey provided the key variables. Quartiles of CNA retention (0–48%, 49–60%, 61–72%, 73–100%) were created from the analysis sample (N = 667). Regression analyses clustered NHs within counties and controlled for structural characteristics, financial resources, empowered managers, resilience, quality of work-life, resident, and community characteristics. NHs in Quartile 3 of CNA retention had higher environment scores by 1.36 percentage points compared to Quartile 1 ( p < .05). NHs in Quartile 4 had lower facility culture scores by 1.31 percentage points than NHs in Quartiles 1–3 ( p < .05); this pattern repeated when Quartiles 3 and 4 were compared on other outcomes. Future research should explore NHs with very high CNA retention to improve understanding of the measure.
Leading practices for men to support women’s health leadership: A toolkit of resources to initiate change
Authors: Bourgeault Ivy Lynn , Decady Ruth , Pascual Justine , Hermosura Billie Jane
Published: September 2022

Men have a critically important role to play in supporting women from different backgrounds to move into leadership roles. Indeed, it is necessary work for those in positions of privilege to challenge processes that result in inequitable gender outcomes in health leadership. We present the resources that have been compiled into a toolkit for men to support more inclusive health leadership and transformative systemic change. A three-step process was undertaken to search, select, and curate leading evidence-informed practices. Three key clusters of resources in the toolkit address why men’s actions are necessary, what leading actions entail, and the importance of mentorship and sponsorship. Change will require more than shaping the individual attitudes and behaviours of men in leadership positions. Attention to gender and other forms of inequity need to be embedded into the structures, processes and outcomes of teams, organizations, and systems and evaluated for process.
Looking Into the Future: The Current and Future State of IR in Canada
Authors: Graham Tara , Hamidizadeh Ramin , Wright Chris , Wong Jason K. , Brown Andrew , Menard Alexandre , Mujoomdar Amol
Published: September 2022

This review explores the priorities and future opportunities of interventional radiology in Canada.
Police Officers’ Attributions of Victim Culpability in Scenarios of Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Goodson Amanda
Published: September 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has garnered the attention of scholars, policymakers, and social justice actors for several decades. Shortcomings in police response to IPV may be related to police attributions of victim culpability. A dearth of research has assessed police officers’ assignment of blame, responsibility, and causality directed toward IPV victims, particularly those who identify as LGBTQ+. Using a randomly assigned, experimental vignette design, the current study employed surveys from a sample of 305 police officers commissioned at a sizeable police department in one of the most populous and diverse U.S. cities to (1) assess culpability attributions directed toward same-sex IPV (SSIPV) victims, (2) determine whether culpability attributions differed between male and female SSIPV victims, (3) examine officer demographic, occupational, attitudinal, and experimental predictors of IPV culpability attributions directed toward SSIPV victims, and (4) assess differences in predictors of culpability between male and female SSIPV victims. Results from the current study suggest police officers attributed average levels of culpability toward SSIPV victims and levels were not significantly different between male and female SSIPV victims. Adherence to heteronormative IPV myths and trauma misperceptions increased police officers’ attributions of culpability directed toward same-sex victims. Presence of physical evidence decreased culpability attributions among police officers. Educational programming developed for police officers should focus on the dynamics of IPV and cultural competency. Future research should continue to explore police officers’ perceptions of and responses to SSIPV incidents.
Not all flowers bloom in April: Self-esteem development surrounding the first romantic relationship during adolescence and emerging adulthood
Authors: Gonzalez Avilés Tita , Borschel Elisabeth , Pusch Sebastian , Neyer Franz J.
Published: September 2022

Most people experience their first romantic relationship during adolescence. However, there is also a substantial proportion of youth who remain single during this time. Delaying the transition into the first romantic relationship may be associated with a decrease in self-esteem which might recover or even increase after youth engage in their first romantic relationship. The current study examined self-esteem development surrounding the transition into the first romantic relationship over a period of 10 years in a sample of N = 1395 adolescents ( Mage = 16.22 at T1; Mage = 26.22 at T11) from pairfam, a German representative panel study starting in 2008. Results from multilevel piecewise growth curve models showed that self-esteem did not change before beginning the first relationship, but slightly decreased thereafter. There were no moderating effects of age at first relationship, single satisfaction, or relationship satisfaction. However, both single and partnered youth who were more satisfied with their current relationship status reported higher self-esteem on average. Overall, the findings extend the current understanding of self-esteem development surrounding the transition into the first romantic relationship. Being single during late adolescence and emerging adulthood does not seem to pose a risk for youth’s self-esteem development.
Investigation of machinability properties of AISI H11 tool steel for sustainable manufacturing
Authors: Şahinoğlu Abidin
Published: September 2022

In this experimental study, vibration, energy consumption, power consumption and surface roughness values that occur in the machining of AISI H11 tool steel under CO2, coolant and dry cutting conditions were investigated. The effects of different cutting parameters and cooling systems on machinability were investigated. Analysis of variance was done. Regression equations were obtained. Relationships between power consumption, vibration and surface roughness are explained with mathematical equations. Finally, the optimum CC were determined by the multiple optimization methods. According to the test results, while the instantaneous power consumption increases by increasing cutting parameters, energy consumption decreases as the processing time is shortened. Vibration value increases by increasing cutting parameters. The highest vibration value occurs in cutting with CO2. Compared to dry and CO2 cutting, the vibration is lowest in coolant cutting. The friction decreases with the coolant and the vibration value decreases. There is a similar relationship between vibration and surface roughness value. The most effective parameter on the surface roughness value is the feed rate. It was seen that the most suitable CC for the most efficient cutting, the lowest energy consumption, vibration and surface roughness value, under coolant cutting, 0.2 mm depth of cut, 175 m/min cutting speed and 0.119 mm/rev feed rate. With optimum CC, the vibration value was reduced by 5.18%, the surface roughness value by 37.12%, energy consumption by 36.19% and the machine efficiency was increased by 7.16%.
Dynamics simulation of a folding wing unmanned aerial vehicle with the parachute system assisted launching
Authors: Zhang Hangyue , Yang Yanchu , Cai Rong
Published: September 2022

This paper mainly focuses on a series of dynamic problems caused by a small folding wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with a parachute system assisted launched from the high-altitude balloon platform. The simulation contents are the four-stage motion processes of the “parachute-UAV system” after separation from the balloon platform, including the straightening stage, the inflation process, the stable descend under the influence of the wing deployment action, and the trajectory leveling of the UAV. The “parachute-UAV system” is equivalent to a multi rigid body connection structure. We introduce the straightening length parameter and the wing deployment angles based on the Kane method to establish the dynamic model. And we choose the inflation time method to simulate the parachute deployment process and the flat plate high angle of attack model to describe the wing aerodynamic force. In the simulation, we compare six launching processes of different wing deployment time periods and obtain the separation state of each UAV when cut from the parachute. We adopt the Radau Pseudo-Spectral method to calculate the leveling trajectory of six UAVs. This paper is an engineering application research study and can provide a simulation reference for the launching test of the balloon-borne folding wing UAV system.
Crafting urban equality through grassroots critical pedagogies: weave, sentipensar, mobilize, reverberate, emancipate
Authors: Allen Adriana , Wesely Julia , Blanes Paola , Brandolini Florencia , Enet Mariana , Iacovini Rodrigo Faria G , Fassina Rosario , Flores Pacheco Bahiá , Medina Graciela , Muniz Alejandro , Pérez Soledad , Pineda Silsa , Reina Marilyn , Amparo Sánchez Medina Luz , Xavier Juan
Published: September 2022

How do ordinary citizens, activists and urban practitioners learn to become agents of change for a socially just habitat? The paper explores this question through the experiences of eight grassroots schools of popular urbanism working under the umbrella of the Habitat International Coalition (HIC) in Latin America. Building on a process of self-documentation and collective pedagogic reflection driven by the protagonists of these schools, the analysis explores the core pedagogic practices identified across the schools to enact popular urbanism as a collective and intentional praxis: to weave, sentipensar, mobilize, reverberate and emancipate. We argue that, put in motion, these pedagogic practices transgress the rules and boundaries of the formal classroom, taking participants to and through other sites and modes of learning that host significant potential to stimulate collectivizing and alternative ways of seeking change towards urban equality.
Surprisingly Happy to Have Helped: Underestimating Prosociality Creates a Misplaced Barrier to Asking for Help
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Epley Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Performing acts of kindness increases well-being, yet people can be reluctant to ask for help that would enable others’ kindness. We suggest that people may be overly reluctant because of miscalibrated expectations about others’ prosocial motivation, underestimating how positively others will feel when asked for help. A pretest identified that interest in asking for help was correlated with expectations of how helpers would think and feel, but a series of scenarios, recalled experiences, and live interactions among adult participants in the United States (total N = 2,118) indicated that those needing help consistently underestimated others’ willingness to help, underestimated how positively helpers would feel, and overestimated how inconvenienced helpers would feel. These miscalibrated expectations stemmed from underestimating helpers’ prosocial motivation while overestimating compliance motivation. This research highlights a limitation of construing help-seeking through a lens of compliance by scholars and laypeople alike. Undervaluing prosociality could create a misplaced barrier to asking for help when needed.
Estimation of the treatment effect following a clinical trial that stopped early for benefit
Authors: Marschner Ian C , Schou Manjula , Martin Andrew J
Published: September 2022

When a clinical trial stops early for benefit, the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the treatment effect may be subject to overestimation bias. Several authors have proposed adjusting for this bias using the conditional MLE, which is obtained by conditioning on early stopping. However, this approach has a fundamental problem in that the adjusted estimate may not be in the direction of benefit, even though the study has stopped early due to benefit. In this paper, we address this problem by embedding both the MLE and the conditional MLE within a broader class of penalised likelihood estimates, and choosing a member of the class that is a favourable compromise between the two. This penalised MLE, and its associated confidence interval, always lie in the direction of benefit when the study stops early for benefit. We study its properties using both simulations and analyses of the ENZAMET trial in metastatic prostate cancer. Conditional on stopping early for benefit, the method is found to have good unbiasedness and coverage properties, along with very favourable efficiency at earlier interim analyses. We recommend the penalised MLE as a supplementary analysis to a conventional primary analysis when a clinical trial stops early for benefit.
Mechanical behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite material at different temperatures: Experimental and model assessment
Authors: Tefera Getahun , Adali Sarp , Bright Glen
Published: September 2022

In the present study, temperature and frequency effects are studied involving carbon fibre reinforced polymeric materials with unidirectional fibers. Before testing, laminates were preserved in a deep freezer at −80, −20, 0, and 25°C for 60 days. Compressive, tensile, and stiffness behaviors of the laminates were assessed. The results confirmed that the compressive strength, tensile strength, and tensile modulus of laminates severely deteriorate at high temperatures. This might happen because of the weakening of the fibre/matrix interface, resulting in the load-carrying capacity of the carbon fibre being severely reduced. Lower temperatures did not significantly affect the mechanical performance of the laminates. This is due to minor deformation of the frozen laminates and closely compacted epoxy chain segments. The effects of temperature and vibration on the storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping behaviour of laminates are discussed. The results confirm that a reduction in mechanical performance is a strongly temperature-dependent phenomenon. Laminate damping properties are also evaluated. According to the results of the experiments, −80°C has the greatest permanence. Finally, the accuracy of the results on storage modulus was compared with empirical models. The model suggested by Gibson et al. provided the most accurate estimates for the storage modulus of the laminates. Other models were less accurate and gave non-conservative estimates.
Vertical segregation in the apartment blocks of Athens and Budapest: A comparative study
Authors: Maloutas Thomas , Spyrellis Stavros-Nikiforos , Szabó Balázs , Kovács Zoltán
Published: September 2022

Contemporary urban societies are experiencing growing income inequality and rising socio-spatial differentiation. The implication of space in the reproduction of inequality has been extensively discussed in the literature; however, the social consequences of spatial hierarchies at the microscale are largely neglected. Among these hierarchies, the unequal distribution of socio-economic groups by floors in apartment buildings (i.e. vertical segregation) is probably the major form of micro-segregation. In this study, the patterns of vertical segregation in Athens and Budapest were investigated using microdata from the 2011 Greek and Hungarian censuses. The research findings reveal that the level of vertical segregation varies according to the diversity of quality within segments of the housing stock in both cities, with older buildings being more vertically segregated. Moreover, the study demonstrates that despite differences in the broader socio-economic and political framework and housing systems, the vertical segregation of occupational groups follows similar patterns in both cities, where high-status groups tend to occupy upper levels and lower-class people are more concentrated at lower levels. The findings of this study provide an empirical basis for the analysis of social mix produced in different contextual frameworks of vertical segregation and raise questions about urban policies that can reduce the negative effects of micro-segregation for those who enjoy social mix at the expense of low housing quality in the affordable part of the stock.
The Psychological Effects of Mesothelioma in the UK Military Context From the Carer’s Perspective: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sherborne Virginia , Tod Angela , Taylor Bethany
Published: September 2022

Mesothelioma is an incurable asbestos-related cancer with a high symptom burden. Its long lead time means cases in the military context tend to be amongst veterans. Research into the lived experience of mesothelioma is sparse. Research shows British veterans and their families are likely to have particular needs accessing health services and support. This study explored the psychological effects of mesothelioma in the UK military context from the carer's perspective. It comprised a secondary data analysis of interview data plus semi-structured interviews with family carers of UK veterans with a mesothelioma diagnosis. Themes developed included ‘ Going the extra mile’; ‘Shifts in previously robust characteristics and roles’; and ‘Needing to know’. Military culture impacted both patients and carers, with participants reporting a reluctance to show weakness. Carers experienced guilt and traumatic stress symptoms. Moral injury was reported relating to carers’ interactions with the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and the National Health Service (NHS).
Modified Medial Incision Small Double-Opposing Z-Plasty for Treating Veau Type I Cleft Palate: Is the Early Result Reproducible?
Authors: Denadai Rafael , Seo Hyung Joon , Go Pascasio Dax Carlo , Sato Nobuhiro , Murali Srinisha , Lo Chi-Chin , Chou Pang-Yung , Lo Lun-Jou
Published: September 2022

Objective

An inspiring early result with no oronasal fistula formation was recently described for a modified medial incision small double-opposing Z-plasty (MIsDOZ) for treating Veau type I cleft palate. This study describes an early single-surgeon experience in applying this newly proposed surgical approach.

Design

Retrospective single-surgeon study.

Patients

Consecutive nonsyndromic patients (n  =  27) with Veau I cleft palate.

Interventions

Topographic anatomical-guided MIsDOZ palatoplasty with pyramidal space dissection (releasing of the ligamentous fibers in the greater palatine neurovascular bundle and pyramidal process region, in-fracture of the pterygoid hamulus, and widening of space of Ernst) performed by a novice surgeon (RD).

Mean Outcome Measures

Age at surgery, the presence of cleft lip, palatal cleft width, use of lateral relaxing incision, and 6-month complication rate (bleeding, dehiscence, fistula, and flap necrosis). A published senior surgeon-based outcome dataset (n  =  24) was retrieved for comparison purposes.

Results

Twenty-two (81.5%) and 5 (18.5%) patients received the medial incision only technique and lateral incision technique, respectively ( P  =  .002). Age, presence of cleft lip, and cleft width were not associated (all P > .05) with the use of lateral incision. Comparative analysis between the novice surgeon- and senior surgeon-based datasets revealed no significant differences for sex (females: 74.1% vs 62.5%; P  =  .546), age (10.2  ±  1.7 vs 9.6  ±  1.2 months; P  =  .143), rate of lateral incision (18.5% vs 4.2%; P  =  .195), and postoperative complication rate (0% vs 0%).

Conclusion

This modified DOZ palatoplasty proved to be a reproducible procedure for Veau I cleft palate closure, with reduced need for lateral incision and with no early complication.
High pressure homogenization applied to fruit juices: Effects on microbial inactivation and on maintenance of bioactive components
Authors: Lima Mariah Almeida , Rosenthal Amauri
Published: September 2022

High-pressure homogenization (HPH) is a non-thermal technology widely studied to replace, partially or in total, the conventional thermal preservation processes used in the food industry, thus minimizing undesirable changes in the nutritional and sensory characteristics of liquid products. The main effect of HPH is the size reduction of dispersed particles thus affecting physical stability of the products, despite also inactivating microorganisms, preserving bioactive compounds, and maintaining sensory characteristics. During the process, the fluid is driven under high-pressure through a micrometric gap inside the valve. Phenomena including cavitation, shear and turbulence are responsible for the changes in the fluid. From this perspective, the present paper reviews the effects of HPH on the inactivation of microorganisms and preservation of bioactive compounds of fruit juices treated with this technology. The juice matrices reported were apple, apricot, banana, blackberry, carrot, kiwifruit, mandarin, mango, orange, peach, pomegranate, rosehip, strawberry and tomato. The paper elucidates the potential application of HPH to fruit juice processing aiming at producing safe products with high nutritional and sensory quality.
How Imagination and Memory Shape the Moral Mind
Authors: Bo O’Connor Brendan , Fowler Zoë
Published: September 2022

Interdisciplinary research has proposed a multifaceted view of human cognition and morality, establishing that inputs from multiple cognitive and affective processes guide moral decisions. However, extant work on moral cognition has largely overlooked the contributions of episodic representation. The ability to remember or imagine a specific moment in time plays a broadly influential role in cognition and behavior. Yet, existing research has only begun exploring the influence of episodic representation on moral cognition. Here, we evaluate the theoretical connections between episodic representation and moral cognition, review emerging empirical work revealing how episodic representation affects moral decision-making, and conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and open questions. We argue that a comprehensive model of moral cognition will require including the episodic memory system, further delineating its direct influence on moral thought, and better understanding its interactions with other mental processes to fundamentally shape our sense of right and wrong.
Proptosis secondary to bilateral extraocular muscle enlargement in Noonan syndrome with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Marchione Giulia , Pilotto Elisabetta , Midena Giulia
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To report and investigate proptosis in a young girl with Noonan syndrome.

Methods

Observational case report.

Results

A 16-year-old girl affected by Noonan syndrome underwent a complete ophthalmological examination showing bilateral proptosis with hypofunction of lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles. Visual acuity, color discrimination and fundus examination were unremarkable. The orbital MRI showed bilateral proptosis and symmetrical enlargement of extraocular muscles, with bellies thickening and tendon sparing. The young patient also complained restrictive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions

Proptosis is an uncommon ocular manifestation of Noonan syndrome and its pathophysiology has never been clarified. The MRI evidence of extraocular muscles enlargement associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, led us to hypothesize a common altered pathway beneath these features, more specifically the MAP kinase pathway, since extraocular and cardiac muscles share a mesenchymal embryological origin.
Long peripheral cannula in COVID-19 patients: 769 catheter days experience from a semi-intensive respiratory COVID unit
Authors: Gilardi Emanuele , Grandi Tommaso , Giannuzzi Rosangela , Valletta Fabio , Fugger Solange , Mazzaroppi Silvia , Petrucci Martina , Piano Alfonso , Piccioni Andrea , WoldeSellasie Kidane , Sambuco Federica , Travaglino Francesco
Published: September 2022

Background:

In the daily management of peripheral venous access, the health emergency linked to the COVID-19 pandemic led to re-examining the criteria for choosing, positioning and maintaining the different types of peripheral venous access.

Objectives:

This study aimed to observe the dwell time of long peripheral cannula (LPC, also known as mini-midline) in patients affected by COVID 19 related pneumonia. The secondary objective is to study any complications due to mini-midline insertion.

Materials and methods:

We conducted a prospective observational study on COVID19 patients who arrived at our Semi-Intensive Respiratory Unit from territorial ED between January and April 2021, to whom were positioned an LPC at the time of admission following the SIPUA protocol (Safe Insertion of Peripheral Ultrasound-guided Access). We used Vygon™ Leader-Cath© 18G in polyethylene and 8 cm long catheter.

Results:

We enrolled 53 consecutive patients, reaching 769 catheter days. The procedure was performed without immediate complications in 37 patients out of 53 (69.8%). In 14 patients (26.4%), we observed a local hematoma (no one led to a failure or early removal of the device) and in two patients (3.7%) was not possible to draw blood. The average catheter dwell time was 14.5 days, from 3 to 41 days. In 42 patients (79.2%), the device was removed at the end of use. In 11 patients out of 53 (20.8%), the device was removed early due to complications: seven accidental removals, one obstruction, two vein thrombosis, and one superficial thrombophlebitis.

Conclusions:

The ultrasound-guided implantation of an 18G LPC in COVID19 patients, regardless of the state of their venous heritage, would seem to be an excellent strategy for these patients, reducing the number of venipunctures and CVC implantation, as well as allowing multiple and high pressure (contrast) infusions.
Tendency to Breast Cancer Screening Among Rural Women in Southern Iran: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis of Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Keshavarzi Ameneh , Asadi Saeedeh , Asadollahi Abdolrahim , Mohammadkhah Fatemeh , Khani Jeihooni Ali
Published: September 2022

Background:

Early detection of breast cancer is a crucial factor in surviving the disease. This study aimed to investigate the mammography screening based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) among rural women in Fasa and Shiraz cities, Iran.

Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional study performed on 800 female clients referring to rural health centers in Fasa and Shiraz cities in southern Iran in early 2021. The authors decided to send and distribute the electronic questionnaire form through the WhatsApp application in collaboration with the health staff of rural health centers for the people covered by these centers. Data gathering tools were a questionnaire on demographic characteristics, a questionnaire based on constructs of TPB, and behavior of mammography screening. Using the structural equation model (SEM), the TPB constructs and demographic variables were entered into the model. Data analysis was executed employing SPSS software version 26 and Amos version 24 (IBM Co., Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Analyzing the data was carried out using the 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistic regression, and structural equation analysis. During data analysis, various model indicators such as the goodness of fit, including comparative fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and chi-square index/ df were evaluated. The significance level in all tests was considered 0.05.

Results:

The knowledge, attitude, and perceived behavioral control were the predictors of intention and behavior of mammography screening among the women. Among demographic variables, age, literacy, being menopausal, cancer in family, city, and ethnicity contribute more to the variance variation in TPB constructs. In this study, 7.2% of Persians, 8% of Qashqai Turks, and 4.5% of Arabs are contemplating going to mammography screening. In total, 6.8% (54 people) of all individuals intended to go mammography screening, and 5.4% (43 people) had a history of mammography screening. Goodness-of-fit indices (χ2 = 18.45, df = 10, n = 800, χ2/ df = 1.845, RMSEA = 0.032, GFI = 0.90, non-normed fit index (NNFI) = 0.91) of conceptual model of this study indicate the suitability of the model.

Conclusions:

The results of the study indicated that the constructs of the TPB can predict mammography screening behaviors in rural women. It has also demonstrated that mammographic behavior can be improved in rural women using education based on the TPB model, emphasizing critical psychological factors of creating or changing behavior.
The role of professional elites in shaping management practice: How the old mentalities condition the adoption of new management ideas
Authors: Seeck Hannele , Kantola Anu
Published: September 2022

This study explores how the adoption of management ideas is conditioned by wider macro-level mentalities that are not company based but that instead reflect professionally or nationally rooted ways of managing. Drawing from studies on professional mentalities and practices, we study Finnish top executives working in globally operating multinational corporations in the metal and forestry industries, showing how, starting in the 1980s, they adopted new management practices during the rise of globalisation, market liberalisation and post-Fordism. Altogether, a traditional engineering mentality strongly conditioned the dissemination of new management ideas, which needed to adapt with the existing mentality. As a result, we find three ways of management idea dissemination: (a) new ideas had to fit in with the old business elite mentality, (b) new ideas were side-lined and belittled by the old mentality and (c) new ideas were smuggled into management by reframing and widening the old mentality. By extending Guillén’s work on elite mentalities, the study contributes to the research on management ideas by exploring the role of societal macro-level mentalities in management learning, highlighting their role in times of societal transformation.
Using a telemedicine-assisted airway model to improve the communication and teamwork of tracheal intubation during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Lin Chien-Hao , Lin Hao-Yang , Wu Shih-Ni , Tseng Wen-Pin , Chen Wei-Ting , Tien Yu-Tzu , Wu Cheng-Yi , Huang Chien-Hua , Tsai Min-Shan
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Isolated spaces impair communication and teamwork during tracheal intubation (TI) in suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patients. We thus aimed to evaluate the telemedicine-assisted airway model (TAM) to improve communication and teamwork during the pandemic.

Methods

This two-stage prospective study included adult patients intubated in the emergency department of the National Taiwan University Hospital between 1 August 2020 and 31 July 2021. First, we randomised patients receiving TI in the standard setting into the conventional group (Con-G) and the isolation area into the isolation group (Iso-G). We evaluated the obstacles to communication and teamwork in an isolation scenario. Second, we developed the TAM to facilitate communication and teamwork between staff in separate spaces during TI and assigned patients to the TAM group (TAM-G). Communication and teamwork were evaluated using the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM). Subjective evaluations were conducted using a questionnaire administered to medical staff.

Results

Eighty-nine patients were enrolled: 17, 34, and 38 in the Con-G, Iso-G, and TAM-G, respectively. The communication frequency (CF) of the Con-G and Iso-G was the highest and lowest, respectively. The CF of the TAM-G increased and approached that of the Con-G. The overall TEAM score was the highest in the Con-G and the lowest in the Iso-G, while the overall score in the TAM-G was comparable to that of the Con-G.

Discussion

The TAM may improve communication and teamwork for TIs without compromising efficacy during the pandemic. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; registration numbers: NCT04479332 and NCT04591873.
Toward deeper understanding and wide-scale implementation of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions
Authors: D’Agostino Sophia R , Dueñas Ana D , Bravo Alice , Tyson Kelsie , Straiton Diondra , Salvatore Giovanna L , Pacia Cressida , Pellecchia Melanie
Published: September 2022

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) have a strong and growing evidence base. Yet, NDBIs are not implemented on a wide scale within early intervention programs for children on the autism spectrum. Potential reasons for the slow adoption of NDBIs likely stem from the differing theoretical orientations of behavioral and developmental sciences from which NDBI are derived, and a lack of training, knowledge, and support for implementing NDBIs within the behavior analytic community. In support of efforts to promote wide-scale implementation of NDBIs, we clarify their common features, discuss possible misconceptions, offer reasons why NDBIs should be widely implemented, and provide recommendations to the autism service community, intervention developers, and researchers to improve their dissemination and implementation.

Lay Abstract

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) are a group of early interventions that use a variety of strategies from applied behavioral and developmental sciences. Although Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions have been demonstrated effective, Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions are not implemented on a wide scale within early intervention programs for children on the autism spectrum. Potential reasons likely stem from differing theoretical orientations of developmental and behavioral sciences and practitioners’ lack training, knowledge, and support for implementing Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions. In support of efforts to promote wide-scale implementation of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions, we (1) clarify their common features, (2) discuss possible misconceptions, and (3) offer reasons why Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions should be widely implemented. We also provide recommendations to the autism service community, intervention developers, and researchers.
Study on the shear behavior of inter-module connection with a bolt and shear key fitting for modular steel buildings
Authors: Chen Hong-Lei , Ke Cao , Chen Chen , Li Guo-Qiang
Published: September 2022

Due to the advantages of high integration, modular steel buildings have recently received extensive attention and research. The connection between modules (inter-module connection) plays an important role in ensuring the safety and integrity of modular steel buildings. However, most of the existing inter-module connections have problems such as insufficient construction space, difficulty in disassembly, lack of design specifications, etc. An innovative inter-module connection with bolt and shear key fitting was proposed. The connection separates the horizontal load-bearing component and the vertical load-bearing component, which greatly reduces the difficulty of analysis and design. The structure of the connection is convenient for construction and insensitive to installation errors. The structure and advantages of the connection were introduced in this paper, and the shear performance of the connection was studied by the monotonic static test. A finite element model verified with the experiment was proposed to simulate the shear performance of the connection. The influence of errors in fabrication on the performance of the connection was studied using the finite element model, and connection’s operating status in a modular frame was analyzed. Thus the allowance for the clearance between the shear key and slot was obtained. Based on the experimental and numerical study results, a formula was proposed to predict the shear capacity of the connection for the practical design of inter-module connection in modular steel buildings.
Disentangling time-spaces of migration: Chronotopes and racist subjectivities in ‘identity journalism’ in Poland and Czechia
Authors: Polynczuk-Alenius Kinga , Hartikainen Ilana
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the use of time and space in ‘identity journalism’ in Poland and Czechia. ‘Identity journalism’ is an emic term that valorises the construction of identities as journalism’s prerogative and enacts this by supplying news that amplifies views around which conservative communities coalesce. This article focuses on how identity journalism’s discourse on migration manufactures racist subjectivities. Theoretically, it employs the notion of a ‘chronotope’: a discursive construct that fuses time and space and, in so doing, produces subjectivities. By bringing together spatialities implied in the concept of ‘domopolitics’ with the ‘racialised temporalities’ of critical race theory, the article conceptualises three distinct chronotopes of migration: the ‘homeland’, the ‘extended home’, and the ‘(racialised) outside’. Empirically, it studies how these chronotopes figure in a corpus extracted from two online identity-journalistic media: the Polish wPolityce.pl (110 articles) and the Czech ParlamentniListy.cz (189 articles). The results of a Foucauldian discourse analysis reveal, firstly, that by defining the ‘homeland’ as a spatially fixed entity that persists through time, identity journalism reinforces racist subjectivities by limiting the community of ‘us’ mainly to those who share the same past and, therefore, ethno-racial characteristics. Secondly, by projecting the spatially fixed but demographically diverse ‘extended home’ into the dystopian future, identity journalism buttresses the racist presumption of incompatibility between ‘us’ and ‘them’. Finally, by casting the ‘(racialised) outside’ as spatially mobile but temporally affixed to the uncivilised past, it feeds into the view of racialised migrants as barbaric and threatening.
Book review: Traczykowski, L. 2021: Ethics, Law and Natural Hazards: The Moral Imperative for International Intervention Post-Disaster
Authors: Zulfiqar Khadija , Chang Yen-Chiang
Published: September 2022

Traczykowski, L. 2021: Ethics, Law and Natural Hazards: The Moral Imperative for International Intervention Post-Disaster. London: Routledge. 140 pp. £120 hardcover, £33.29 paperback. ISBN: 9780367808600 (paperback), 9780367407049 (hardcover).
A suite of evaluation resources for Dementia Friendly Communities: Development and guidance for use
Authors: Buckner Stefanie , Lafortune Louise , Darlington Nicole , Dickinson Angela , Killett Anne , Mathie Elspeth , Mayrhofer Andrea , Woodward Michael , Goodman Claire
Published: September 2022

Objectives

In the context of a growing number of dementia friendly communities (DFCs) globally, a need remains for robust evaluation, and for tools to capture relevant evidence. This paper reports the development of a suite of evaluation resources for DFCs through a national study in England.

Methods

Fieldwork took place in six diverse case study sites across England. A mixed methods design was adopted that entailed documentary analysis, focus groups, interviews, observations, and a survey. Participants were people affected by dementia and practice-based stakeholders. A national stakeholder workshop was held to obtain input beyond the research sites. A workshop at the end of the study served to check the resonance of the findings and emerging outputs with stakeholders from the case study DFCs.

Results

The study had three key outputs for the evaluation of DFCs: First, an evaluation framework that highlights thematic areas to be considered in evaluating DFCs. Second, a Theory of Change that presents inputs into a DFC and short, medium and longer term outcomes. Third, a matrix for assessing a DFC’s degree of maturity, which enables a sense of the kinds of outcomes a DFC might realistically aspire to. These three outputs form a suite of interlinking and complementary evaluation resources for DFCs.

Conclusions

The study has contributed evidence-based resources for monitoring and evaluation that complement existing frameworks. They can be applied to arrive at a detailed assessment of how well a DFC works for people affected by dementia, and at insights into the underlying factors that can guide future policy and practice.
Persuasion in practice: Managing diverging stances in needs assessment meetings with older couples living with dementia
Authors: Nilsson Elin , Olaison Anna
Published: September 2022

The Swedish Social Services Act stipulates an individual perspective that promotes self-determination. In practice, this means that relatives lack formal rights to intrude on a person with dementia’s right to self-determination in decisions about elder care services. However, the Social Services Act also states that family members who are caring for a close relative should be offered support. This legislation may lead to contradictions within social work practice with couples. The aim of the present article is to explore how social workers manage needs assessment meetings in which couples living with dementia express diverging stances and the partner with dementia resists an offer for elder care services. We benefit from conversation analytic theory and methodology. The findings suggest that social workers accomplish persuasion through these four conversational practices: ‘providing information about the offer’, ‘mitigating the offer’, ‘positive framing of the offer’ and ‘laying down conditions for the offer’. Also, local alliances with the partner of the person with dementia were demonstrated throughout. The analysis shows that PwDs provide resistance to the offered services, but there are no examples of a PwD influencing the outcome in terms of offered services. The results raise questions about the effectiveness of persuasion in needs assessment meetings. The findings also add to the critical debate on how social workers may be constrained by institutional logics and where relational competence is needed to balance and coordinate decision-making when assessing the needs of older couples living with dementia.
‘They would rather not have known and me kept my mouth shut’: The role of neutralisation in responding to the disclosure of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Cunnington Claire , Clark Tom
Published: September 2022

There is a well-established literature examining how perpetrators of child sexual abuse (CSA) neutralise the norms and beliefs that ordinarily prohibit such behaviours. However, there has been substantially less focus on how such techniques of neutralisation might also be applied by people and groups who were not directly involved in the abuse, who we might expect to be more supportive. Drawing on a thematic analysis of an open-ended survey (n=140) and semi-structured interviews (n=21) with adults who experienced childhood sexual abuse this paper examines societal responses to disclosure. Identifying three key techniques of neutralisation, it explores how families, professionals and institutions use wider discourses that deny the victim/survivor, deny or minimise harm and silence by appealing to loyalty. The results demonstrate how significant others can constrain, rather than support, the process of disclosure and recovering from CSA.
Evolutionary Perspective on Self-Concept: The Effects of Interpersonal Motivations and Inclusionary Status on Spontaneous Self-Descriptions of Communion and Agency
Authors: Azoulay Roy , Wilner-Sakal Moran , Zabag Reut , Gilboa-Schechtman Eva
Published: September 2022

Evolutionary models suggest that self-concept is a dynamic structure shaped jointly by interpersonal motivations and social challenges. Yet, empirical data assessing this claim are sparse. We examined this question in two studies. In study 1, participants (N = 386) generated spontaneous self-descriptions and filled out questionnaires assessing dominance and affiliation motivations. We found that self-descriptions categorized as communion or agency were associated with affiliation and dominance motivations, respectively. In study 2, participants (N = 360) underwent an inclusionary manipulation (exclusion, inclusion, popularity) and completed self-description and motivation measures. We found that exclusion (compared to inclusion/popularity) enhanced the salience of communion self-descriptions such that participants described themselves using more communion traits. Finally, in the popularity condition (compared to exclusion/inclusion), an enhanced positive association between salience of agency self-descriptions and dominance motivation was found. Our results support evolutionary models suggesting that self-concept organization shapes and is being shaped by social motivations to enhance interpersonal functioning.
The differential categorization of novel products by institutional actors across places: The case of e-cigarettes in the US and the UK
Authors: Tharchen Thinley , Garud Raghu
Published: September 2022

Adopting a place-based approach to categorization, we explore how and why institutional actors in the US and the UK have categorized e-cigarettes differently, namely as tobacco products in the US and as non-tobacco consumer products in the UK. Our inquiry identified the historical contingencies generating two different perspectives informing these differential categorizations—precautionary in the US and harm-reduction in the UK. Embedded in these two perspectives are different future imaginaries to address the harm from cigarettes and e-cigarettes to the different population groups at risk (i.e. smokers versus youth and non-smokers). Data also show institutional actors across the two countries offering justifications for or against e-cigarettes by deploying facts from different scientific research. We theorize these findings and conclude the article by discussing the importance of adopting a place-based approach to categorization.