bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Comprehending Ontology and Epistemology within the Framework of Practitioner Research
Authors: Khan Abdullah
Published: April 2024

The point of this study is to give you something to think about when you think about how professors set the stage for their research by looking at identity and acculturation in educational institutions. The fact that this is done shows how important it is for researchers to align their philosophical views, epistemological views, and dataset collection and analysis methods. The goal of this study is to look into the different methods that are used to solve the problem of identity development, with a focus on exploring problems with ontological and epistemological knowledge. Some examples of these research methods can be found in three studies that the experts did in schools. Researchers can better think about and improve their projects if they have a deeper understanding of the fundamental substructures that affect their studies. In turn, this will allow them to participate in their projects in a more useful way.
The Role of International Aid in Pakistan's Education Sector
Authors: Ahmad Bilal
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature addressing international aid to education. Pakistan's education sector has a long history of receiving foreign money via various programs and initiatives. The country has relied on foreign funding in several social areas. This document aims to bring together all of Pakistan's significant donor organizations in the field of education and to emphasize their major contributions to this field. In this study, the top multi- and bilateral assistance organizations that have made the most contributions to Pakistan's education system are outlined. This research highlights the significance of evaluating pertinent material about foreign aid in Pakistan's education sector. This work is important and helpful to readers, academics, and researchers of the foreign aid phenomena in Pakistan's education sector, both domestically and internationally.
High-altitude hypoxia exposure inhibits erythrophagocytosis by inducing macrophage ferroptosis in the spleen
Authors: Yang Wan-ping , Li Mei-qi , Ding Jie , Li Jia-yan , Wu Gang , Liu Bao , Gao Yu-qi , Wang Guo-hua , Luo Qian-qian
Published: April 2024

High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a chronic condition prevalent in individuals residing at high altitudes (HA), characterized by an augmented production of red blood cells (RBCs) due to hypoxic conditions. Despite its prevalence, the pathophysiological basis and molecular mechanisms driving HAPC remain largely unelucidated. In our study, we utilized a mouse model exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH), replicating the environmental conditions experienced at 6000 m above sea level, coupled with
in vitro
analysis of primary splenic macrophages under 1% O
2
to investigate these mechanisms. Our findings revealed that HH exposure significantly stimulates erythropoiesis, leading to erythrocytosis. This was accompanied by a notable sequence of splenic changes, initially characterized by splenic contraction, which subsequently progressed to splenomegaly over 14 days. A key observation was the impairment on the capacity of spleen to process RBCs, primarily attributed to a reduction in splenic macrophages located in the red pulp. Extended HH treatment over 7 and 14 days precipitated increased iron mobilization and the onset of ferroptosis within the spleen. This was evidenced by altered expression levels of iron metabolism and ferroptosis-related proteins, paralleling gene expression patterns observed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Single-cell sequencing of splenic tissue post-HH exposure demonstrated a marked decrease in macrophage populations after 7 days. Our study further disclosed a significant increase in RBCs retention in the spleen following HH exposure, likely a consequence of diminished red pulp macrophages (RPMs) and erythrophagocytosis. This hypothesis was corroborated through comprehensive analyses involving flow cytometry, histological staining, and immunostaining, which collectively provided a detailed understanding of RBCs dynamics under HH conditions.
In vitro
analyses substantiated the decline in primary splenic macrophages and induction of ferroptosis under hypoxic treatment, effects that were relieved by pre-treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Collectively, our data suggest that HH exposure initiates splenic ferroptosis, leading primarily to a decrease in RPMs. This decrease potentially impacts erythrophagocytosis, contributing to increased RBCs retention and subsequent splenomegaly. Such changes could potentially foster continuous RBCs production and accelerate the progress of HAPC. In conclusion, our study highlights the important role of the spleen and splenic macrophages in the pathogenesis of HAPC, providing crucial insights into the disease progression and potential therapeutic targets.
Identification and characterization of intermediate states in mammalian neural crest cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination
Authors: Zhao Ruonan , Moore Emma L. , Gogol Madelaine M , Unruh Jay R. , Yu Zulin , Scott Allison , Wang Yan , Rajendran Naresh Kumar , Trainor Paul A.
Published: April 2024

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells with migratory potential in both developmental and pathological processes. Although originally considered a binary event, EMT in cancer progression involves intermediate states between a fully epithelial and a fully mesenchymal phenotype, which are characterized by distinct combinations of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. This phenomenon has been termed epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), however, the intermediate states remain poorly described and it’s unclear whether they exist during developmental EMT. Neural crest cells (NCC) are an embryonic progenitor cell population that gives rise to numerous cell types and tissues in vertebrates, and their formation is a classic example of developmental EMT. An important feature of NCC development is their delamination from the neuroepithelium via EMT, following which NCC migrate throughout the embryo and undergo differentiation. NCC delamination shares similar changes in cellular state and structure with cancer cell invasion. However, whether intermediate states also exist during NCC EMT and delamination remains unknown. Through single cell RNA sequencing, we identified intermediate NCC states based on their transcriptional signature and then spatially defined their locations in situ in the dorsolateral neuroepithelium. Our results illustrate the progressive transcriptional and spatial transitions from premigratory to migratory cranial NCC during EMT and delamination. Of note gene expression and trajectory analysis indicate that distinct intermediate populations of NCC delaminate in either S phase or G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and the importance of cell cycle regulation in facilitating mammalian cranial NCC delamination was confirmed through cell cycle inhibition studies. Additionally, transcriptional knockdown revealed a functional role for the intermediate stage marker
Dlc1
in regulating NCC delamination and migration. Overall, our work identifying and characterizing the intermediate cellular states, processes, and molecular signals that regulate mammalian NCC EMT and delamination furthers our understanding of developmental EMP and may provide new insights into mechanisms regulating pathological EMP.
LRRK2 regulates synaptic function through BDNF signaling and actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Tombesi Giulia , Kompella Shiva , Favetta Giulia , Chen Chuyu , Zhao Yibo , Sevegnani Martina , Marte Antonella , Battisti Ilaria , Morosin Ester , Ornaghi Marta , Iannotta Lucia , Plotegher Nicoletta , Civiero Laura , Onofri Franco , Eickholt Britta J , Piccoli Giovanni , Arrigoni Giorgio , Beccano-Kelly Dayne , Manzoni Claudia , Parisiadou Loukia , Greggio Elisa
Published: April 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multisystemic disorder that manifests through motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor dysfunction is the most debilitating and it is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). A body of evidence indicates that synapse demise precedes by years neuronal death. Still, early synaptic dysfunctions in PD are poorly deciphered.Here we combined literature metanalysis, proteomics and phosphoproteomics with biochemical, imaging and electrophysiological measurements in neurons, brains and synaptosomes from knockout and knockin mouse models, as well as human iPSC-derived neurons associated with the PD-kinase LRRK2.We show that phosphorylation of LRRK2 at Ser935, which controls LRRK2 subcellular localization, rapidly increases upon brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulation of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and primary mouse neurons. Affinity-purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS/MS) analysis revealed that LRRK2 interactome is significantly reshaped upon BDNF stimulation, with an interconnected network of actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins increasing their binding to LRRK2. Accordingly, LRRK2 knockout neurons exhibit decreased TrkB signaling and fail to induce BDNF-dependent spinogenesis.
In vivo
, one-month old
Lrrk2
knockout mice display defects in spine maturation, a phenotype that disappears with age. In human iPSC-derived cortical neurons, BDNF increases the frequency of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSC) in wild-type but not in the presence of LRRK2 knockout, functionally supporting a distinctive role of LRRK2 in BDNF-synaptic signaling. Finally, Lrrk2 G2019S PD mutant synaptosomes display differentially phosphorylated proteins enriched in categories related to postsynaptic structural organization.Taken together, our study discloses a critical function of LRRK2 in BDNF-dependent synaptic processes and identifies the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton as a convergent site of LRRK2 pathophysiological activity.
A colonialidade do poder a partir da interseccionalidade de gênero e raça: o trabalho análogo a escravidão de empregadas domésticas brasileiras
Authors: Alves Meiriane Oliveira , Nogueira Natália Viana
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a influência da colonialidade do poder, em suas opressões patriarcais e raciais instituídas desde a expansão europeia a partir do século XV com sua interligação no atual trabalho escravo de empregadas domésticas. Assim, propõe como mote da discussão a existência da nova modalidade de escravidão estar intrinsicamente ligada ao processo colonial nacional, consubstanciando-se atualmente como nova espécie de exploração baseada nas relações modernas laborais, perpetuada pelo sistema capitalista. Nesse contexto, justifica-se o presente trabalho na necessidade de compreender a influência do serviço compulsório e seus reflexos no meio social e acadêmico. A pesquisa qualitativa evidencia pelo método histórico a subalternização de mulheres submetidas a condições degradantes de atividades laborais. Diante disso, é demonstrado como o passado de opressão em que a sociedade brasileira se estabeleceu foi responsável pelas consequências hoje vividas nas relações trabalhistas de empregas domésticas.
Feedforward como ferramenta gerencial avaliativa: uma visão crítica
Authors: Oliveira Rogério Gonçalves de , Kubo Edson Keyso de Miranda
Published: April 2024

Os modismos gerenciais focados em avaliação buscam otimizar processos e maximizar os resultados organizacionais. Uma nova ferramenta se apresenta para o mundo organizacional em complemento ao feedback, mas com uma nova abordagem na tarefa de orientar e empenhar as pessoas, denominado de feedforward. Neste artigo, utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico um estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa baseado na análise de conteúdos referentes as mais recentes publicações sobre o feedforward no campo da gestão. Embora promissora, a ferramenta feedforward precisa ser criticamente analisada no campo gestão de pessoas, pois essa ferramenta de avaliação não se esgota em si mesma, e não pode ser utilizada com a exclusão de outras práticas tais como coaching, mentoria, treinamento e outras iniciativas de desenvolvimento de funcionários.
The Dance of Two Instruments: How Fiscal and Monetary Policy Interact in Nigeria
Authors: Adediwura Olamide M. , Adegboye Abiodun A. , Alao-Owunna Ifeoluwa , Ayoade Olabisi
Published: April 2024

This study examined the nature of the interaction between fiscal and monetary policies in Nigeria. It also investigates the channels through which impulses from fiscal and monetary policy interaction are transmitted to inflation, output and exchange rate. These were intended to provide information on the nature of interaction between fiscal and monetary policies in Nigeria. Quarterly secondary data covering the period between 1980Q1 and 2022Q1 were used in the study. Data on real gross domestic product, consumer price index, lending rate, real exchange rate and total government expenditure were sourced from international financial statistical (2022Q4 Edition) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin (2009 and 2022Q4 Issues). Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) econometric model was employed for the analysis of data. The results showed that interaction between fiscal and monetary policy in Nigeria is characterised by the way shock occurred. This indicated that the interaction between both policies showed a substitutive nature when the shocks resulted from aggregate demand and supply shocks, whereas the policies complemented each other when other macroeconomic shocks occur due to policy changes occurred. The study also revealed that investment and consumption are the channels through which impulses are transmitted into inflation, output and exchange rate. The study concluded that the nature of relationship between fiscal and monetary policy is dependent on shocks.
Impact of Public Debt on Poverty in Nigeria: A Vector Autoregressive Analysis
Authors: Mbah Catherine Chidinma , Tevin-Anyali Chizoba Linda , Kingsley Chike Okoli , Mgbemena Emilia. Mukaosolu
Published: April 2024

This study examined the impact of public debt on poverty in Nigeria for the period 1985 to 2021. The study regressed poverty against public debt in a vector error correction model using the Johansen approach. The study found a long-run relationship between public debt and poverty in Nigeria. The effect of public debt on poverty in Nigeria was found to be positive and permanent, becoming more pronounced with time. The study recommends the government’s deliberate effort in restraining continuous unsustainable public borrowing while also determining the maximum threshold at which debt servicing becomes poverty-reinforcing.
The Influence of the Student Exchange Program (Global UGRAD) on Career Aspirations Moderated by Self-Leadership among Alumni of the Global UGRAD Bachelor's Program
Authors: Albaehaqi Callia Syamami , Setiani . , Maksum Ikhsan
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the influence of the Global Undergraduate Exchange Program (Global UGRAD) on alumni career aspirations and the role of self-leadership as a moderator of career aspirations among Global UGRAD alumni for the academic year 2022-2023. Employing quantitative techniques, including a 4-point Likert scale and explanatory analysis, data were collected from 85 alumni representing 33 countries. The validity test confirms the credibility of all items, while subsequent reliability tests establish their consistency. Results from hypothesis testing indicate that the student exchange program (Global UGRAD) does not significantly influence career aspirations because the P value is 0.153 > 0.05. However, student exchange program (Global UGRAD) has a significant positive influence on self-leadership as the P value is 0.000 < 0.05. Furthermore, self-leadership has a positive and significant influence on career aspirations as the P value is 0.004 < 0.05. Additionally, it was found that self-leadership can moderate the relationship between the student exchange program (Global UGRAD) and career aspirations as the P value is 0.015 < 0.05. These findings highlight the importance of fostering self-leadership skills for enhancing career aspirations among students participating in international exchange programs (Global UGRAD).
Unravelling Causes and Mitigating Suicidal Tendencies in Male Educators in Zimbabwe's Rural Regions: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Munyaradzi Chidarikire , Chikwati Takunda
Published: April 2024

This qualitative study aims to explore the underlying causes of suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions and identify the strengths of current interventions targeting this issue. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 15 knowledgeable participants who possessed relevant experiences and expertise. The study employed focus group discussions to generate data, which was subsequently analysed using content thematic analysis. The research questions addressed in this study were two-fold: (1) What are the underlying causes, including work-related, psychosocial, and personal factors, that contribute to the emergence of suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions? (2) What are the strengths of the current interventions targeting suicidal tendencies among male educators in these regions? The analysis of the data revealed two key findings. Firstly, the study identified multiple causal factors contributing to the emergence of suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions. These factors encompassed work-related challenges such as heavy workload, insufficient resources, and inadequate support systems. Additionally, psychosocial factors such as stigma, social isolation, and emotional distress were identified. Personal factors like financial difficulties and relationship problems were also found to contribute to suicidal tendencies. Secondly, the study identified several strengths within the current interventions targeting suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions. Notably, the provision of mental health support services, including counselling and awareness campaigns, was found to be a valuable aspect of the existing interventions. Moreover, the study highlighted the significance of community involvement and collaboration between educational institutions, healthcare providers, and relevant stakeholders in addressing this critical issue. Based on the findings, two key recommendations emerge. Firstly, it is crucial to enhance the existing support systems for male educators in rural regions, focusing on addressing work-related challenges and providing adequate resources and support. This may include workload management strategies, professional development opportunities, and the establishment of comprehensive mental health support networks. Secondly, there is a need for increased awareness and de-stigmatization of mental health issues among male educators. This involves implementing targeted awareness campaigns to promote mental well-being, fostering a supportive and inclusive work environment, and encouraging open dialogue on mental health concerns.
Dietary Supplementation of Chromium Picolinate does not affect Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Ratio of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Mahato Ishori Singh , Paudel Krishna
Published: April 2024

Aims: A growth experiment was conducted to explore the impact of dietary chromium on the growth performance and feed conversion ratio of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Study Design:  Original Research Article

Place and Duration of Study: Fisheries Research Station (FRS), Trishuli Nepal, between November 1 to January 29, 2023.

Methodology: A total of 270 healthy and equal sized- O. mykiss (initial weight: 27g) were fed on a non-supplemented basal diet (Cr-Pic0), or a basal diet supplemented with 0.4g/kg Cr-Pic (Cr-Pic0.4), or a basal diet supplemented with 1.2g/kg Cr-Pic (Cr-Pic1.2) for 90 days. Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate groups of 30 fish per flowthrough raceway tanks for 90 days and fed to apparent satiation twice daily.

Results: Upon conclusion of the feeding trial, the results showed no significant differences in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, or condition factor among treatments (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in the survival rate and feed conversion ratio of the rainbow trout fed various experimental diets (P>0.05).

Conclusion: The results suggest that growth performance, food conversion, and survival of rainbow trout fingerlings are not affected by 0.4 or 1.2 mg/kg supplementation of Cr-Pic in diet.
Effects of Selected Crops on Germination and Growth of Bidens pilosa and other Weeds
Authors: Kaiira M. G , Baguma Y. , Atwijukire E. , Owere L , Etiang J , Chemayek B
Published: April 2024

A screen house pot study was done at Uganda National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge in Uganda during September-December 2021. Profiled metabolites from 5-donor plants; Mucuna pruriens, L. (Mc), Cymbopogon nardus L. (C), Desmodium uncinatum Jacq. DC. (D), (Zea mays, L. (Mz) and New Rice for Africa 1 (NERICA 1) were Terpenoids and Phenols. NERICA 1 (R) is a cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. C produced 10 terpenoids + 1 ester, R and D each released 6 Terpenoids + 3 Phenols. Mc produced 2 Terpenoids + 4 Phenols and 5 Terpenoids + 4 Phenols were profiled from Mz. Completely randomised block design were adopted with 3 replicates and eight combinations of 3 leaf+stem+root powders namely; Mc+D+C, Mz+Mc+C, RDC, Mc+D+C, Mz+R+Mc, Mz+D+Mc, R+Mc+C and Mz+R+C, mixed with 1.5 kg soil (15, 30 and 45 %, w/w). Controls had no powders. Mixtures were placed in plastic pots and 20 seeds of Biden pilosa L. were sown in each pot. Every 2 days, 200 ml of water was applied to all treatments for 60 days. Mz+Mc controlled B. pilosa and volunteer weeds relative to R+C and C+D. Weed germination and biomass reduced with increased powder doses. Volunteer monocot weeds were more inhibited than dicots. High potential exists for functional allelopathy using allelochemicals in the donor plants to develop bio-herbicides.
Screening of Germplasms for Disease Resistance Against Anthracnose of Chilli Caused by Colletotrichum capsici
Authors: Tiwari Shambhavi , Kumar Pradip , Singh Gaurav Ayodhya , Pundir Siddhant Kr , Singh Arjun
Published: April 2024

Chilli (Capsicum annuum Linn.) is an important extensively grown spice crop. It belongs to the family Solanaceae. Approximately 20-27 species of chilli are found, out of which five are domesticated viz., C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, and C. pubescens in different parts of the world. Chilli crop suffers from various diseases in which anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici is a very serious one, causes huge yield losses in India. Severely infected fruits look straw colour and bear numerous acervuli in concentric rings. Around 27℃ temperature, 80% relative humidity and soil pH 5-6 promote infection and disease progress. The average disease incidence level ranges between 66 and 84% which results in yield loss upto 12-50% This investigation was carried out at the Main Experiment Station Vegetable Science and Department of Plant Pathology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P) during the year 2021 -2022. Twenty genotypes of chilli were screened and none one genotypes are found resistant, nine genotypes namely, Mahycojalna, Arkalohit, Phulemukta, Arkaharita, Madhurima, Classica 152, Arkameghna, Sonakshi 44 and Divyajyoti were found moderately resistant and rest of the genotype were susceptible and highly susceptible.
Investigating the Roles of Gut Microbiome in the Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Godswill Emmanson Emmanson , Abiodun Ogunwale Fawas , Ogboji Chiamaka Mercy , Janet Ojo Oluwakemi , B. O Anthonia. , Kaura Sunday , Olunwa Augustine Chibuike , Obidike Godswill
Published: April 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), pose global health burdens due to their incurable and degenerative nature. Emerging evidence highlights the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), revealing novel mechanisms of ND pathogenesis and progression. This review integrates current literature, correlation analyses, and inferential statistics to elucidate the impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on NDs and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
The gut-brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional communication network between the gut and the brain, modulates neurological function and disease outcomes. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between gut microbiome perturbations and ND parameters, implying a causal role for gut dysbiosis in ND pathogenesis. Inferential statistics revealed distinct microbial profiles between ND cohorts and healthy controls, indicating a shared gut dysbiosis across diverse NDs.
Studies investigating microbial taxa, metabolites, and signaling pathways have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiome-mediated effects on neurodegeneration. Elucidating the reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiome and the host physiology is essential for deciphering the GBA’s role in NDs.
Despite advances, knowledge gaps remain. Longitudinal studies are required to monitor gut microbiome dynamics over ND progression. Mechanistic studies are needed to establish how gut microbiome composition affects disease. Methodological standardization for gut microbiome assessment is imperative for rigorous research. Future endeavors should aim to translate findings into clinical applications to exploit microbiome-based interventions for enhanced neurological outcomes in NDs.
Evaluation of Pesticides and Trace Metal Contaminants in Grains, Fresh Fruits and Vegetables from Odoluwa Market Ile Oluji; Ondo State Nigeria
Authors: Adehuga Omogbehin, Samson. , Ojo. Akinnuoye, Babatunde
Published: April 2024

Vegetables, fruits and grains are sources of food rich in vitamins, minerals, and fibers and also have beneficial ant oxidative effects Pesticides and trace metals typically contaminate these food products. Pesticides and trace metals are not biodegradable and have the potential for accumulation in different body organs, leading to unwanted side effects This study investigated the concentration of pesticide residues and some selected Trace metals in Vegetables, fruits and grains from Odolua market Ile-Oluji Ondo State. Samples were collected randomly from the market, representative portion of the samples was chopped into small pieces and blended using a blender..Quantitative determination of the pesticide for Herbicides, organochlorine and organophosphate was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer after liquid-liquid extraction. Trace Metal was determined using Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results reveal the presence of pesticide residues in all the samples. The mean concentration of pesticides in the samples was below the maximum residue limits (MRs) value for World health organization (WHO) while some were higher. The results also shows that all the trace metals analyzed are present in the samples except for Cadmium which is below the detection limit while Lead and Cobalt are only detected in one sample each. Some concentrations of the trace metals were below the permissible limit for WHO while others were higher than the permissible limit.
Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect Pests in Mungbean; Vigna radiata (L. Wilczek)
Authors: Rajak Ravi Kumar , Kumar Pankaj , Chandra Umesh , Singh Sameer Kumar , Chaudhary V.P. , Chandra Subhash , Devi Ragni
Published: April 2024

The current studies on seasonal incidence of major insect pests were carried out at Students’ Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP), India during Kharif 2022 and 2023. The current study revealed that whitefly, B. tabaci was commenced from the second fortnight of July and touched the peak at 32th (9.8 whitefly per cage) and 35th SMW (9.4 whitefly per cage) in both the year, respectively. The populations of B. tabaci had a significant negative correlation with rainfall (r= -0.699) in Kharif 2022. The jassid had the highest population in 34th SMW (4.6 jassid/cage) in Kharif 2022, while in second year, maximum jassid population of 5.1 jassid/cage was recorded during 33rd SMW. Wind speed had a significant and negative effect (r=-0.804) on the population of jassid during Kharif 2023. Seasonal abundance of thrips showed that, in first year, the thrips activity reached maximum at 33rd SMW (1.2 trips/5 flower buds). In next season, peak population of 1.4 thrips per 5 flower buds was in 32nd SMW. The correlation study during both the season revealed that the sunshine hours (r= -0.683) showed significant and negative effect on thrips population in 2023. Peak pod borer damage was observed in 36th SMW (5.3%) and 35th SMW (6.7%) during 2022 and 2023, respectively. Correlation between pod borer damage and weather parameters showed that wind speed had negative and significant (r= -0.707) effect on borer damage in first year.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Tiliroside Derived from Cordia macleodii against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Patel Minarbha , Agrawal Ankita , Patel Amiya Kumar
Published: April 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a global healthcare threat that has limited the effective life span of commercial medications.  Medicinal plants are the reservoir of bioactive compounds that have antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and are potent source of new antimicrobial agents Therefore, the screening of plant derived phytochemicals has been increased significantly to access the hidden treasure to combat microbial infections. In the current study, preliminary analysis of methanolic extract of Cordia macleodii leaf revealed the existence of various flavonoids including tiliroside. In vitro antimicrobial assay of methanolic extract and bioactive compound (Tiliroside) showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against MDR pathogen. The MIC value of methanolic leaf extract and tiliroside was found to be 5 percent and 50mM respectively. Methanolic extract of Cordia macleodii leaf as well as tiliroside at sub-MIC value significantly mitigated the biofilm formation. In silico molecular docking analysis of tiliroside against the targeted protein was also determined to predict the possible binding site. Transcriptomic analysis determined the significance of tiliroside in the reduced expression of certain genes (bssS and metE), which are involved in biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Overall, the methanolic extract of C. macleodii leaf with varying degree of antimicrobial potency might be used as potent alternative to conventional antibiotics to combat MDR mediated infections.
Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment for Puncta and Canalicular Obstruction: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Papadopoulos Foivos , Asproudis Ioannis , Tsourouki Theodora , Ntountas Ioannis
Published: April 2024

Puncta and canalicular obstruction is a common ophthalmological condition that can lead to significant morbidity and impaired tear drainage. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide an overview of the etiological factors and risk factors associated with this condition, along with a detailed examination of the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system. Diagnostic techniques for assessing puncta and canalicular obstruction, including clinical evaluation, patient history, imaging techniques, and tear drainage tests, are discussed. Additionally, various treatment options for managing this condition are presented, including the management of specific etiological factors such as inflammation, infections, neoplastic conditions, and anatomical abnormalities. The article also addresses potential complications and provides insights into the prognosis of puncta and canalicular obstruction. By elucidating the multifaceted aspects of this condition, this comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the understanding and management of puncta and canalicular obstruction, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Sleep and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Guimarães Juliana Kois , Lucietto Tuane Mertz , Scheffel Debora Lopes Salles , Ramos Adilson Luiz , Provenzano Maria Gisette Arias
Published: April 2024

Aims: To identify the prevalence and associated factors of dental bruxism in children during the development of occlusion.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected in two private dental clinics in the city of Maringá - PR. Children treated between 2014 and 2021 were included.
Methodology: 417 medical records of children aged between 5 and 12 years old were selected from two dental clinics in the same city. 260 participants answered a questionnaire to identify bruxism complaints. Bruxism was considered possible when those responsible for the patients indicated the occurrence of audible sounds such as teeth grinding and considered probable when there was a report from those responsible for the patients and tooth wear assessed in the clinical examination. 42 children were included in the group of patients with possible bruxism (GB) and 42 in the control group (absence of bruxism - GC). The results were subjected to statistical and descriptive analysis.
Results: A prevalence of possible bruxism of 24.6% was observed and an association was found for the variables: pain in the temporomandibular joints, ringing in the ears, headache, unilateral chewing, joints with pain when chewing, fatigue in the muscles of the face after a long meal, harmful habits such as onychophagia, biting cheeks and pen; snoring, sleeping with their mouth open; behavioral profile: nervousness about new things and lack of motivation with tasks, in addition to the severity of tooth wear.
Conclusion: The prevalence of probable bruxism in children was 24.6%, with manifestations most occurring at night. More clinical studies are needed to develop multidisciplinary approaches for managing childhood bruxism.
Role of Sulphur Nutrition in Oilseed Crops: A Review
Authors: Ningthi Keithellakpam Chanu , Kumari Purnima , Singh Vyomendra Kumar , Yengkokpam Priyanka , Dhiman Sunidhi , Chaudhary Manthan , Sharma Rakshita
Published: April 2024

India is a significant importer of edible oils and an important producer of oilseed. India stands as fourth leading oilseeds producing countries after USA, China and Brazil. Oilseed has become one of the most valuable agricultural commodities. Sulphur (S) plays an important role in determining the quality of oil seed from these crops. It is referred to as the fourth major nutrient after N, P and K because crops need sulphur slightly less than they require P. It is required for the formation of proteins, vitamins and chlorophyll. It is an integral part of amino acid such as cystine, cysteine and methionine which are essential components of protein. Plant can absorb sulphur in the form of sulphate (SO4 2-) which is decomposes into sulphur. It is a factor for the determination of higher yield seed and quality of seed that content oil in oilseed crops. Since, sulphur is immobile in plants, it must be continuously supplied from crop emergence till maturity. So, reduced yield can come sulphur shortage at any stage of growth. It can be overcome by supplying sulphur containing fertilizers to plant by soil application and foliar application. Among the source of sulphur, elemental sulphur and gypsum are widely utilized in sulphur deficiency.
Impact of Natural and Mechanical Mating on Fecundity and Egg Retention in Muga Silkworm, Antheraea assamensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Saicharan Dharavath , R Ravi Kumara , Guha Lopamudra , Neog Kartik
Published: April 2024

Lepidopteran muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis belonging to Saturnidae is an economically important insect geographically endemic to Assam and the northeastern region of India. Like any other insect species, oviposition is one of the most vital aspects of A. assamensis as it allocates the majority of its energy during its lifecycle. Muga silkworm seed production technology has still not been studied much in detail. The demand for silkworm seeds rises during the commercial rearing season in the region, Central Silk Board has established seed production centres to cater for the demand of the sericulture industry. The number of seed cocoons processed for commercial seed production is 1.5-2.5 lakhs per annum. Muga silkworm emergence pattern is asynchronous, no. of male and female moths is not equal during operations. A. assamensis is nocturnal in habit, and emergence and coupling take place at night. Due to the asynchronous pattern of emergence, it is quite often that female moths run out of mates in the seed production centres. Due to the depleting number of potential male mates, the mating will be done mechanically by putting male female moths in a bamboo box to save the time and energy of silk moths. So, an experiment was conducted to study the difference in fecundity between naturally mated and mechanically mated muga silkworms and its impact on mating duration at Silkworm Seed Production Centre, Kaliabari, Boko, Assam during commercial crop (April-May & Oct-Nov) of 2023. The results of the study showed that maximum fecundity was observed in silkworms which are naturally mated with 214±12.08 eggs per female. Whereas, the mechanically mated muga silkworm females showed slightly less fecundity compared to naturally mated females with 203.2±12.77 eggs per female. The results on egg retention showed a clear difference with 18.6±4.77 and 16.6±8.64 eggs per female in natural and mechanical mating, respectively. The slightest reduction in fecundity and increased egg retention in female moths might be due to the impact of mechanical mating on mating duration which reported only 5.5±1.29 hrs, whereas natural mating facilitated a higher mating duration with 8.2±1.30hrs, respectively. This study showed the significance of mating type (natural and mechanical) and its impact on fecundity and egg retention of muga silkworm.
A Low-Cost Smart Wearable Glove for Non-Invasive Health Monitoring
Authors: Iqbal Md. Asif , Riyad Tarifuzzaman , Polash Habib Un Nabi , Sohrab S. M. Oali Ullah , Mondal Shuvra
Published: April 2024

Wearable physiological signal monitoring systems hold notable potential in the future of personal healthcare by seamlessly integrating into daily life, providing continuous monitoring, and aiding in the early detection of health issues. This research presents a wearable health monitoring glove, with a focus on cost-effectiveness while maintaining efficiency for developing countries. The wearable glove can track vital physiological indicators like Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Glucose level, Blood Oxygen Saturation, Hemoglobin level, ECG, Room Temperature, Humidity, and Motion Tracking. A user-friendly interface facilitates easy interaction, while efforts in energy-efficient design and power management aim to prolong battery life. Also, real-time data monitoring ensures precision in signal analysis and the extraction of vital health data of individuals. The proposed wearable hand glove utilizes a collection of sensors and integrates them towards the diverse detection of skin humidity, temperature, blood oxygen, hemoglobin, etc. non-invasively. Apart from its technical features, the research explores potential applications in healthcare, fitness tracking, and research fields, presenting a versatile solution. Beyond its technical attributes, the research explores potential applications in medical and personal healthcare, fitness tracking, sports, etc. Collaborative efforts with regulatory bodies assess the feasibility of obtaining necessary approvals or certifications, while scalability considerations pave the way for potential mass production and market deployment.
Intraoperative Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Ampullary Cancer Outcome after Curative Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Clinical Study and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yao Hou Shan , Wang Qiang , Wang Wei Jun , Hu Zhi Qian
Published: June 2008

Background

Allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) containing packed red blood cells (RBCs) has a known immunosuppressive effect that may affect cancer metastases and recurrence. This study examined whether intraoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion is an independent risk factor of adverse outcome in patients with ampullary carcinoma after curative pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods

The clinical data of 67 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vatar underwent pancreatoduodenectomy between 1999 and 2004 were analyzed, and long‐term follow‐up visits were made for all patients. Kaplan–Meier statistics and Cox proportional hazard methodology were used to perform univariate and multivariate analysis to identify independent risk factors for survival. For the meta‐analysis, all English‐language studies regarding blood transfusion from carcinoma of the ampulla of Vatar or ampullary carcinoma and prognostic factors or factors for survival from 1995 to 2007 were reviewed, and contingency tables were constructed from which a summary relative risk was calculated.

Results

There were 43 patients (64.2%) who received an intraoperative ABT. The amount of intraoperative ABT ranged from 2 to 13 (mean, 4.25) units; there were 18 patients transfused at 2 units, and 25 patients transfused ≥3 units. The follow‐up ranged from 2 to 90 (mean, 49) months. Forty‐five patients (67.2%) died as a result of tumor progression. For patients transfused ≥3 units, median and cumulative 3‐year and 5‐year survivals were poorer significantly than that of patients transfused with 2 units and/or nontransfused patients (P < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, except for presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023) and pancreatic invasion (P = 0.024), the intraoperative ABT ≥3 units was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor for those with ampullary cancer after curative pancreatoduodenectomy either (relative risk, 2.082; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.048–4.135; P = 0.036). Meta‐analysis of 346 patients showed the summary relative risk of an adverse outcome after intraoperative ABT in these studies was 2.55 (95% CI, 1.59–4.1).

Conclusions

The amount of intraoperative ABT is one of the important factors that adversely influenced survival in patients with ampullary cancer after curative pancreatoduodenectomy. Healing anemia preoperatively and careful dissection to minimize intraoperative bleeding as much as possible are mandatory for reducing risk of the intraoperative ABT.
Density dependence in northern ungulates: interactions with predation and resources
Authors: Wang Guiming , Hobbs N. Thompson , Twombly Saran , Boone Randall B. , Illius Andrew W. , Gordon Iain J. , Gross John E.
Published: June 2008

Variation in the abundance of animals has traditionally been explained as the outcome of endogenous forcing from density dependence and exogenous forcing arising from variation in weather and predation. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of density dependence interact with external influences on population dynamics. In particular, spatial heterogeneity in resources and the presence of capable predators may weaken feedbacks from density dependence to growth of populations. We used the Kalman filter to analyze 23 time series of estimates of abundance of northern ungulate populations arrayed along a latitudinal gradient (latitude range of 40°–70°N) to evaluate the influence of spatial heterogeneity in resources and predation on density dependence. We also used contingency tables to test whether density dependence was independent of the presence of carnivores (our estimate of predation) and multiple regressions to determine the effects of spatial heterogeneity in resources, predation, and latitude on the strength of density dependence. Our results showed that the strength of density dependence of ungulate populations was low in the presence of large carnivores, particularly at northern latitudes with low primary productivity. We found that heterogeneity in elevation, which we assume acted as a surrogate for spatial heterogeneity in plant phenology, also reduced effects of density dependence. Thus, we show that external forces created by heterogeneity in resources and predation interact with internal feedbacks from population density to shape dynamics of populations of northern ungulates.
Identification and Occurrence of Steryl Glucosides in Palm and Soy Biodiesel
Authors: Van Hoed Vera , Zyaykina Nadezhda , De Greyt Wim , Maes Jeroen , Verhé Roland , Demeestere Kristof
Published: June 2008

A problem of excessive sedimentation was detected in soy and palm biodiesel, preventing the product from complying with requirements on contamination/filterability. The objective of the study was to determine the nature of the sediment by different analytical techniques and to obtain data on the typical range of its components in industrially produced biodiesel samples. The sediment was investigated and the appearance of haze is linked to the presence of free steryl glucosides (FSG) above a certain concentration. This paper focuses on the original analytical approach, taking into account particular physical properties of FSG. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry were used as fast and reliable identification methods, without the need for a prior hydrolysis of the glucosidic bond. A GC method, including optimised sample preparation, was developed for the quantification of the FSG in biodiesel as well as in filter residues. The FSG concentrations in biodiesel produced by different processes ranged between 55 and 275 mg/kg for palm and from not detectable to 158 mg/kg for soy biodiesel.
The role of apelin in cardiovascular function and heart failure
Authors: Chandrasekaran Badrinathan , Dar Owais , McDonagh Theresa
Published: June 2008

Apelin is a novel peptide that acts through the APJ receptor, sharing similarities with the angiotensin II–angiotensin II type 1 receptor pathway. It is a peripheral vasodilator, powerful inotrope and may affect central fluid homeostasis. Animal and human studies suggest that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of heart failure by modulating the harmful effects of angiotensin II. Apelin is reduced in patients with heart failure and up regulated following favourable left ventricular remodelling. It is widely distributed in a number of tissues, mainly restricted to vascular endothelium. This comprehensive review of the literature highlights the important studies that have led to the discovery of apelin and its role in cardiovascular function and heart failure.
Agomelatine: A novel mechanism of antidepressant action involving the melatonergic and the serotonergic system
Authors: San Luis , Arranz Belen
Published: June 2008

The clinical finding that depressive disorders are often associated with desynchronization of internal rhythms has encouraged the idea that resetting normal circadian rhythms may have antidepressant potential. Agomelatine, a naphthalene analog of melatonin, is both an agonist of human cloned melatonergic MT1 and MT2 receptors and a serotonin 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Agomelatine combines zeitgeber (synchroniser of the circadian system) activity with neurotransmitter augmentation properties (enhances the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in frontal cortex). The efficacy of agomelatine in treating depression has been shown in three short-term, pivotal, randomized, placebo–controlled studies. These studies have demonstrated agomelatine to be efficacious in Major Depressive Disorder at the standard dose of 25 mg/day, with the possibility of increasing doses to 50 mg/day in those patients with insufficient improvement. The number of adverse events during the treatment period was comparable to placebo. Four studies have shown the positive effect of agomelatine on sleep continuity and quality and shortening of sleep latency. Despite these promising data, further studies are needed to examine agomelatine's efficacy over a longer treatment period.