bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling causal relationship between non-covalent interactions and evaluated Young’s modulus within oligolignols-cellulose complexes
Authors: Lopez Albarran Pablo , Herrera-Bucio Rafael , Pizzi Antonio , Gallo Marco , Sánchez-Badillo Joel A. , Hernandez-Esparza Raymundo , Garza Jorge
Published: September 2024

Linear correlation coefficients were calculated between the reported Young’s modulus (YM) values and non-covalent interactions within cellulose-oligolignol complexes, considering the composition of an efficient adhesive formulation previously reported. A paradigmatic relationship was observed. Molecular complexes of oligolignols with cellulose Iβ were modeled using hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computations to obtain wavefunctions at the interaction region. Subsequently, a study of non-covalent interactions (NCI) based on the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory was implemented, utilizing graphics processing units (GPUs) for calculations. Our findings indicate that non-covalent interactions control the forces associated to adhesive-cellulose contacts, primarily through X-H···O hydrogen bonds, which promote the adhesion of oligolignols on cellulose Iβ. Results indicate that the adhesion strength projected from larger YM values cannot be described solely by the number of stronger hydrogen bonds nor by the number of the weak interactions but by the entire contributions of specific interactions. Thus, significant linear correlations were observed between reported values of Young’s modulus and the molecular interactions observed, rendering the influence of oligolignol structure on the adhesion phenomenon in our cellulose Iβ crystallite model. These observations promote the NCI and AIM analysis in a new framework to design adhesive formulations.
Ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the Summer habitat use of Bos gaurus and its conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Surakshya , Pokhrel Basudev , Neupane Bijaya , Miya Mahamad Sayab , Kc Nishan , Basyal Chitra Rekha , Neupane Asmita , Dhami Bijaya
Published: September 2024

Background

Gaur (Bos gaurus) is listed as a vulnerable species in the IUCN Red List of threatened species due to the rapid population decline caused by human pressures in their habitats. To develop successful conservation plans, it is essential to understand the relationship between Gaur and their habitats. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing Gaur habitat use and identify and rank conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal.

Methods

Using line transect surveys, we recorded Gaur’s presence via direct sightings and indirect signs (dung, footprints, horns) over an area of 176 km2 in July and August 2022. We used binary logistic regression models to determine the collected ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the occurrence of Gaur and the relative whole-site threat ranking method to rank conservation threats.

Results

The results revealed that the probability of Gaur occurrence increases with moderate to high canopy cover, riverine and Shorea robusta dominated forests, and nearest distance to road/path/firelines, while decreasing with the presence of predators. Uncontrolled fire, invasive species, human disturbances, and climate change were ranked as the most prevailing threats to Gaur in our study area. Conservation managers should implement effective habitat management interventions, such as construction of waterhole, firelines maintenance, grassland management, and control of invasive species in the potential habitats, to safeguard and maintain the sustainability of Gaur populations and associated herbivores. Future studies should consider larger geographical settings and multiple seasons, and habitat suitability assessments should be conducted to determine current and future suitable habitat refugia for Gaur and other threatened wildlife species at the landscape level.
Effect of post COVID-19 on body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life among young adults: a cross-sectional study of matched pairs
Authors: Srirug Phatcharawadee , Pongmala Chatkaew , Mayeedeng Balkis , Yusoh Nurulfatin , Malee Sofiya , Udom Chadayu
Published: September 2024

Background

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causes lung tissue inflammation, affects mental health, and disturbs sleep and the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on physical function and quality of life by comparing the body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life between Thai young adults with and without post COVID-19 infection.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was comprised of two matched groups (post COVID-19 group and non COVID-19 group) with 36 participants in each group. Data about body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life were collected using the bioelectrical impedance analysis, the 1-min sit-to-stand test, the hand grip strength test, the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire and the EuroQol-5D-5L, respectively. Independent samples T-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to compare between the two groups.

Results

The changes in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate after the physical fitness test and the sleep quality analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the groups with and without post COVID-19 infection (p = 0.006, p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively). However, quality of life and body composition were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions

COVID-19 influenced the changes in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate after the physical fitness test and the sleep quality analysis in young adults. The results should be utilized to facilitate physical rehabilitation for COVID-19-infected individuals following infection. Those who have not been infected with COVID-19 must be informed of self-protection measures to avoid contracting the virus.
Study on Maturity Indices and Effect of Growing Substrates on Seed Germination of Litsea glutinosa
Authors: Thapliyal Manisha , N.K. Namitha , Deepika  , Singh Giridhar
Published: September 2024

Aim: Litsea glutinosa is a multipurpose, fast-growing tree widely exploited due to its multipurpose utilisation. Species reported low seed viability, hence generally propagated through vegetative methods. We studied the maturity indices of fruits and seeds to determine the optimal collection stage. Studied the effect of different growing substrates and Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment on the germination percent (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination value (GV), peak value (PV), and germination index (GI).
Study Design: Study was conducted at Forest Tree Seed Laboratory, ICFRE-FRI. The change in fruit colour from green, dark brown purple, and dark blue stages was compared with the seed parameters, germination percent, mean germination time, germination value, etc. to obtain the most suitable stage for fruit and seed maturity.  Seed germination experiment was conducted in Complete Randomized Design with four replications of 25 seeds for each treatment. Seeds were sown directly on different germination substrates, such as filter paper, sand, and vermiculite, without treatment and also with 0.05% GA3 pretreatment. Seeds were kept in the seed germinator at 25±1ºC with a 24-hour photoperiod and high relative humidity (RH > 90%).
Results: The highest germination rate was observed in vermiculite with GA3 soaking . i.e., 80±3.26%, followed by vermiculite 68±8.64%. The lowest germination percent of 5±4.08% was observed in seeds plated on filter paper with GA3 soaking. No germination was recorded in the seeds plated on the filter paper.
Conclusion: Most suitable germination medium to maximise the germination of L. glutinosa seed is vermiculite. Furthermore, the pretreatment of seeds in GA3 (0.05%) for 24 hours and sowing in vermiculite improves overall performance with respect to GP, MGT, GV, PV, and GI. In the context of maturity indices, the dark blue stage with a moisture content of around 50% is the right stage for the collection of seeds of the species. This stage is characterised by high GP, GV, and low MGT values as compared to other growth stages.
Performance and Evaluation of Hanski 227 Oriental Tobacco in Dak Lak Region, Vietnam from 2022 - 2024
Authors: Dung Do Dinh , Chin Nguyen Van , Du Ngo Van , Van Nguyen Van , Tuan Tao Ngoc , Thanh Pham Ha
Published: September 2024

With the results of selecting Oriental tobacco varieties suitable for natural conditions in Vietnam, with potential for raw material quality and raw material production capacity in Vietnam, from 6 oriental tobacco varieties originating from Bulgaria, the Tobacco Institute has been testing in Ninh Thuan province from 2019 to 2021, and Dak Lak from 2021 to 2022. The results of the trial planting show that oriental tobacco varieties are good growth, and are quite suitable for the soil and climate conditions in Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak provinces, and have selected 2 the best oriental tobacco varieties as Basma 16 and Hanski 227. In which, Hanski 227 variety is evaluated to have outstanding prospects due to its good growth ability, high yield, characteristic aroma and good smoking properties. The Hanski 227 variety has less harvested leaves, larger leaf size and mass than Basma 16 variety, so the labor costs for cultivation, harvesting and preliminary processing are lower. To evaluate the ability to expand the oriental area in Vietnam, we continue to trial planting the Hanski 227 oriental variety in Dak Lak in 2023 - 2024, with a fertilizer level and a planting density corresponding to 50N + 30P2O5 + 80K2O (N: NH4NO3, P: (Ca(H2PO4)2 and K: K2SO4) and 110,000 plants/ha. The experimental trial results show the Hanski 227 variety has good growth, high yield, and good quality, with yield fluctuating 1.52 - 1.66 tons/ha, nicotine content: 0.81 - 1.38%, and reducing sugar content: 8.9 - 12.1%, and the oriental material has a characteristic aroma and good smoking properties. Based on the trial results shows that the quality of Hanski 227 grown in Dak Lak are the same the oriental tobacco importing from Bulgaria, Türkiye and Greece. Therefore, the Dak Lak province is the most suitbale region for producing good quality oriental tobacco in Vietnam compared to Ninh Thuan region. Because materials in Ninh Thuan has the high clorua content reducing material quality. In 2025, we continue to grow the Hanski 227 oriental tobacco variety in Dak Lak region on a large area and complete the preliminary processing process, with the goal of producing Oriental tobacco raw materials domestically, with appropriate production costs.
A Comparative Study of Multivariate Clustering Algorithms for Climate Variables and Chickpea Production in Dharwad District of Karnataka, India
Authors: A. M. Nikil Gowda , K. V. Ashalatha , J. Megha
Published: September 2024

India's agriculture sector holds immense significance in its economy, and this study delves into how different clustering techniques can enhance our comprehension of the interplay between weather patterns and chickpea production in Dharwad district, specifically Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), K-Means, and Hierarchical clustering methods to discern underlying patterns within climate variables and chickpea yield data. Leveraging historical weather data spanning an extensive 42-year period and crop yield records were employed to train and validated. The findings illuminate that K-Means clustering consistently outperforms DBSCAN and Hierarchical clustering when evaluated through a variety of validity indices, including the Silhouette Coefficient, Calinski-Harabasz Index, Davies-Bouldin Index, and the determination of the optimal number of clusters. In essence, India's pivotal agricultural sector dynamics and the intricate relationship between climatic factors and chickpea production in Dharwad district are elucidated effectively by the superiority of K-Means clustering in this study.
Genetic Variation for Tolerance to High Temperatures in Tomato Using Critical Sterility Temperature
Authors: AJ Ammu , S Roy , R V Manju , R BEENA , M RAFEKHER , S SARADA
Published: September 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) reproduction is influenced by temperature, prominently impacting yield. The ideal daytime range is between 25°C and 30°C and the nighttime temperature is around 20°C for tomato and deviations of a few degrees from these temperatures can have negative effects. The study assessed the effect of temperature on tomato pollen germination and aimed to ascertain the critical sterility temperature for pollen germination. In an open field, pollen from 10 genotypes (Anagha, Manuprabha, Vellayani Vijay, Akshaya, Nandi, IIHR26372, Pusa Rohini, Arka Saurabh, Arka Rakshak, and Arka Vikas) underwent In-vitro temperature exposure ranging from 32 to 40°C at 2°C intervals. Variations in In-vitro pollen germination percentage were observed across the genotypes, notably revealing a sharp decline after 36°C. This decline indicated a pivotal shift in pollen germination and viability. Genotypes, Anagha and Arka Saurabh, were identified as temperature tolerant and susceptible, respectively. The findings present an opportunity to incorporate temperature-dependent pollen response functions and identified genotypes into tomato breeding programs, offering significant implications for enhancing yield under varying temperature conditions.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity Analysis in African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst Ex.A.Rich Harms) using Qualitative and Quantitative Attributes
Authors: U. L Edem, , Emeagi L. I, , Osuagwu A. N. , Edu N, E. , Ekerette E, E. , Ogbeche A, A. , Udensi O, U.
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the genetic diversity of 18 African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) accessions from the IITA germplasm in Ibadan, Nigeria, using nine qualitative traits. The experiment was conducted behind the Biological Science Block at the University of Calabar, following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Qualitative traits were observed and recorded based on the descriptors for African Yam Bean, while quantitative traits were measured using metric tools like rulers, vernier calipers, and weighing scales. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests via GenStat Discovery Edition 4 and PASW version 20.0 software. Results indicated minimal variation in morphological traits such as days to 50% seedling emergence, vine length, leaf number, leaf dimensions, peduncle and petiole length, and days to 50% flowering across accessions. Leaf color varied, ranging from light green to dark and pale green, with accession TSs 285 showing pale green leaves. Seed shapes varied from round/globular to oval or oblong, and all accessions except TSs 33 had seed cavities. Accessions TSs 266 and TSs 38 performed better in most parameters, except for days to 50% flowering and leaf count. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in traits like days to 50% emergence, days to 50% flowering, leaf color, pod dehiscence, seed shape, seed cavity presence, testa splitting, and texture. However, no significant differences were noted for hypocotyl pigmentation and pod dehiscence. Accession TSs 266 excelled in traits such as vine length, terminal leaf width, peduncle length, and pod number per plant, showing optimal adaptation to the climatic and agro-geological conditions of Cross River State.
Statistical tests of simple earthquake cycle models
Authors: DeVries Phoebe M. R. , Evans Eileen L.
Published: September 2016

A central goal of observing and modeling the earthquake cycle is to forecast when a particular fault may generate an earthquake: a fault late in its earthquake cycle may be more likely to generate an earthquake than a fault early in its earthquake cycle. Models that can explain geodetic observations throughout the entire earthquake cycle may be required to gain a more complete understanding of relevant physics and phenomenology. Previous efforts to develop unified earthquake models for strike‐slip faults have largely focused on explaining both preseismic and postseismic geodetic observations available across a few faults in California, Turkey, and Tibet. An alternative approach leverages the global distribution of geodetic and geologic slip rate estimates on strike‐slip faults worldwide. Here we use the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test for similarity of distributions to infer, in a statistically rigorous manner, viscoelastic earthquake cycle models that are inconsistent with 15 sets of observations across major strike‐slip faults. We reject a large subset of two‐layer models incorporating Burgers rheologies at a significance level of α = 0.05 (those with long‐term Maxwell viscosities ηM <~ 4.0 × 1019 Pa s and ηM >~ 4.6 × 1020 Pa s) but cannot reject models on the basis of transient Kelvin viscosity ηK. Finally, we examine the implications of these results for the predicted earthquake cycle timing of the 15 faults considered and compare these predictions to the geologic and historical record.
A temporal three‐dimensional simulation of samarium release in the ionosphere
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Sheng , Feng Jie , Xu Zheng‐Wen , Wu Jian , Wu Zhen‐Sen , Xu Bin , Xue Kun , Xu Tong , Hu Yan‐Li
Published: September 2016

For understanding plasma processes of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, the alkali and alkaline‐earth metals are usually released in space for artificially increasing the electron density. However, it is a limitation that these releases must be in sunlight where the photoionization can take place. In recent years, the lanthanide metals, such as samarium, have been released to produce electrons in reaction with atomic oxygen in the upper space. The reaction could proceed without sunlight so that the restriction on experimental periods is broken. Unfortunately, any sophisticated models even preliminary ones are unavailable yet in the literature. A temporal three‐dimensional model is presented for the samarium release in detail with respect to various altitudes and mass. Especially, the plasma diffusion equation is remarkably extended from 2‐D to 3‐D by importing the influence of geomagnetic declination, which could be also useful for other chemical releases. The field‐aligned terms are brought so as to the presented model can describe the diffusion along the geomagnetic field subtly. On the basis of the presented model, behaviors of radio waves propagating through the release area are simulated by using ray tracing. This model could be as the theoretical support for samarium releases, and it also helpful for the research on the generation and evolution of the ionosphere irregularities.
Laboratory experiments on diffusive convection layer thickness and its oceanographic implications
Authors: Guo Shuang‐Xi , Zhou Sheng‐Qi , Qu Ling , Lu Yuan‐Zheng
Published: September 2016

We studied the thickness of diffusive convective layers that form when a linearly stratified fluid is subjected to heating from below in the laboratory. The thickness of the bottom convecting layer is much larger than subsequent layers. These thicknesses are systematically identified and used to examine the available convecting layer thickness parameterizations, which are consisted of the measured heat flux F (or thermal buoyancy flux qT), initial stratification N, density ratio Rρ, thermal diffusivity κT, etc. Parameterization with an intrinsic length scale
is shown to be superior. Including the present laboratory convecting layer thicknesses and those observed in oceans and lakes, where layer thickness ranges from 0.01 to 1000 m, the parameterization is updated as
, where C = 38.3 for the bottom convective layer and 10.8 for the subsequent layers. Different prefactors are proposed to be attributed to different convective instabilities induced by different boundary conditions.
Baicalin promoted site‐2 protease and not site‐1 protease in endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Yu Zhe , Luo Xin , Wang Chen , Ye Jianhong , Liu Shourong , Xie Lei , Wang Fei , Bao Jianfeng
Published: September 2016

Baicalin (5,6‐dihydroxy‐7‐o‐glucuronide flavone) is an extract from the roots of Chinese herb Huang Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) and is reported to have antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of baicalin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced cell apoptosis. Two human HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC7221, were used in this study. The cells were incubated with baicalin solutions at various concentrations. A 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess cell proliferation inhibition; a TUNEL assay was used to evaluate cell apoptosis; small RNA interference was applied to silence IRE1, ATF6, and protein kinase R‐like ER kinase (PERK), which are transmembrane proteins inducing cell apoptosis, and two proteases (S1P and S2P) which cleave ATF6. Real‐time PCR was used to evaluate the silencing effects of specific siRNA. Expression levels of specific proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Baicalin was found to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by inducing apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner. Elevated expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, p50‐ATF6, and caspase12 were found after baicalin incubation. Compared with IRE1 and PERK silencing, ATF6 knockdown dramatically impaired baicalin's apoptosis‐inducing activity. Furthermore, S2P silencing, rather than S1P silencing, was also found to impair baicalin‐induced HCC cell apoptosis significantly. In conclusion, (a) baicalin inhibits human HCC cells by inducing apoptosis; (b) baicalin induces cell apoptosis by activating ATF6 signaling pathway in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; (c) S2P, rather than S1P is the molecular target for baicalin in inducing ER stress‐mediated HCC cell apoptosis.
Fluorescence‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Schäferling Michael
Published: September 2016

Biosensors, as defined by Pure and Applied Chemistry, are ‘chemical sensors in which the recognition system utilizes a biochemical mechanism. The biological recognition system translates information from the biochemical domain, usually an analyte concentration, into a chemical or physical output signal with a defined sensitivity’.(1)It is also appointed that chemical or biological sensors contain two basic components connected in series: a chemical or biomolecular recognition system (receptor) and a physicochemical transducer. According to this prerequisite, this overlook is confined to sensor devices that combine a biomolecular recognition element with an optical signal transducer. Homogeneous or intracellular assays using fluorescent molecular probes or nanoparticles are not considered, although they are frequently termed as molecular sensors or nanosensors in the literature.Fluorescence‐based biosensors are generalized as those devices that derive an analytical signal from a photoluminescent (either fluorescence or phosphorescence) emission process. Chemi‐ or bioluminescent detection systems are only briefly discussed in this article.

Biosensors are used for a wide variety of tasks, including detection of compounds of biomedical,(2)environmental,(3)or defense interest(4); online monitoring for processcontrol(5); quality control of foodstuffs(6); selective detection of compounds undergoing a chemical separation(7); and screening of drug compounds.(8)Advantages of such devices include high selectivity, rapid response times, reusability, amenability to remote analysis, and immunity to electrical interferences.(9)The selective nature of complexation between biomolecule and analyte and the small size of sensor devices can be combined with advanced detection techiques such as total internal reflection (TIR) spectroscopy.(10)This results in an ability to measure analytes in complex matrices with unsurpassed sensitivity. Such samples may include highly scattering components such as milk or whole blood(11)or relatively inaccessible locations such as groundwater wells, or even intracellular environments.(12)The key limitation of such devices mainly centers on the poor stability of biological compounds, which can lead to a substantial drift in instrumental response over time. The so‐called Cambridge definition appoints another characteristic property of sensors.(13)Therein, they are defined as ‘miniaturized devices that can deliver real‐time and on‐line information on the presence of specific compounds or ions in even complex samples.’ Accordingly, a sensor is expected to respond reversibly and continuously. With the exception of some enzymatic sensors, these conditions are not fulfilled in case of most biosensors. Particularly, in devices where immunological reagents or DNA are used as recognition elements, they show a lack of reversibility and operate only as a ‘one‐shot’ screen, without the potential for continuous, quantitative analysis. Nevertheless, the designations immunosensors or DNA sensors became accepted for such analytical or diagnostic tools.
The Influence of Perpetrator Exposure Time and Weapon Presence/Timing on Eyewitness Confidence and Accuracy
Authors: Carlson Curt A. , Young David F. , Weatherford Dawn R. , Carlson Maria A. , Bednarz Jane E. , Jones Alyssa R.
Published: September 2016

Crimes can occur in a matter of seconds, with little time available for an eyewitness to encode a perpetrator's face. The presence of a weapon can further exacerbate this situation. Few studies have featured mock crimes of short duration, especially with a weapon manipulation. We conducted an experiment to investigate the impact of weapon presence and short perpetrator exposure times (3 vs. 10 seconds) on eyewitness confidence and accuracy. We found that recall concerning the perpetrator was worse when a weapon was present, replicating the weapon focus effect. However, there was no effect on eyewitness identification accuracy. Calibration analyses revealed that all conditions produced a strong confidence–accuracy relationship. Confidence–accuracy characteristic curves illustrated almost perfect accuracy for suspect identifications at the highest levels of confidence. We conclude that weapon presence during a brief crime does not necessarily result in negative consequences for either eyewitness identification accuracy or the confidence–accuracy relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projective synchronization for uncertain network based on modified sliding mode control technique
Authors: Lü Ling , Li Chengren , Li Gang , Zhao Guannan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel synchronization technique to investigate the projective synchronization of a class of uncertain network. First, the sliding mode control technique is modified. Then, the sliding surface between each node of the network and the synchronization target and the control input of the network are designed, and the uncertain parameter in the network can be effectively identified using the identification law of the uncertain parameter. In the end, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the synchronization technique proposed in our work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of thin film nanocomposite membranes with surface modified MOF for high flux organic solvent nanofiltration
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Liu Dahuan , Han Tongtong , Huang Hongliang , Yang Qingyuan , Zhong Chongli
Published: September 2016

Preparation of defect‐free and optimized thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes is an effective way to enhance the process of organic solvent nanofiltration. However, it still remains a great challenge due to poor filler particle dispersibility in organic phase and compatible issue between fillers and polymers. Aiming at these difficulties, UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticles were surface modified with long alkyl chains and used in the preparation of TFN membranes. As a result, defect‐free TFN membranes with ultrathin MOF@polyamide layer were successfully prepared benefited from the improved particle dispersibility in n‐hexane. Significant enhancement was found in methanol permeance after nanoparticle incorporation, without comprising the tetracycline rejection evidently. Especially, the novel TFN membrane prepared with organic phase solution containing 0.15% (w/v) modified UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticles showed a superior methanol permeance of 20 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and a tetracycline rejection of about 99%, which is appealing to the application in pharmaceutical industry for example. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1303–1312, 2017
Genetic variants in CETP increase risk of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Anderson Christopher D. , Falcone Guido J. , Phuah Chia‐Ling , Radmanesh Farid , Brouwers H. Bart , Battey Thomas W. K. , Biffi Alessandro , Peloso Gina M. , Liu Dajiang J. , Ayres Alison M. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Viswanathan Anand , Greenberg Steven M. , Selim Magdy , Meschia James F. , Brown Devin L. , Worrall Bradford B. , Silliman Scott L. , Tirschwell David L. , Flaherty Matthew L. , Kraft Peter , Jagiella Jeremiasz M. , Schmidt Helena , Hansen Björn M. , Jimenez‐Conde Jordi , Giralt‐Steinhauer Eva , Elosua Roberto , Cuadrado‐Godia Elisa , Soriano Carolina , van Nieuwenhuizen Koen M. , Klijn Catharina J. M. , Rannikmae Kristiina , Samarasekera Neshika , Salman Rustam Al‐Shahi , Sudlow Catherine L. , Deary Ian J. , Morotti Andrea , Pezzini Alessandro , Pera Joanna , Urbanik Andrzej , Pichler Alexander , Enzinger Christian , Norrving Bo , Montaner Joan , Fernandez‐Cadenas Israel , Delgado Pilar , Roquer Jaume , Lindgren Arne , Slowik Agnieszka , Schmidt Reinhold , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Kittner Steven J. , Waddy Salina P. , Langefeld Carl D. , Abecasis Goncalo , Willer Cristen J. , Kathiresan Sekar , Woo Daniel , Rosand Jonathan ,   on behalf of the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium and International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: September 2016

Objective

In observational epidemiologic studies, higher plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) has been associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). DNA sequence variants that decrease cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene activity increase plasma HDL‐C; as such, medicines that inhibit CETP and raise HDL‐C are in clinical development. Here, we test the hypothesis that CETP DNA sequence variants associated with higher HDL‐C also increase risk for ICH.

Methods

We performed 2 candidate‐gene analyses of CETP. First, we tested individual CETP variants in a discovery cohort of 1,149 ICH cases and 1,238 controls from 3 studies, followed by replication in 1,625 cases and 1,845 controls from 5 studies. Second, we constructed a genetic risk score comprised of 7 independent variants at the CETP locus and tested this score for association with HDL‐C as well as ICH risk.

Results

Twelve variants within CETP demonstrated nominal association with ICH, with the strongest association at the rs173539 locus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, standard error [SE] = 0.06, p = 6.0 × 10−4) with no heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 0%). This association was replicated in patients of European ancestry (p = 0.03). A genetic score of CETP variants found to increase HDL‐C by ∼2.85mg/dl in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium was strongly associated with ICH risk (OR = 1.86, SE = 0.13, p = 1.39 × 10−6).

Interpretation

Genetic variants in CETP associated with increased HDL‐C raise the risk of ICH. Given ongoing therapeutic development in CETP inhibition and other HDL‐raising strategies, further exploration of potential adverse cerebrovascular outcomes may be warranted. Ann Neurol 2016;80:730–740
High‐temperature copolyamides obtained by the efficient transamidation of crystalline–crystalline polyamide blends
Authors: Cretenoud Julien , Galland Sylvain , Plummer Christopher J. G. , Michaud Véronique , Bayer Andreas , Lamberts Nikolai , Hoffmann Botho , Frauenrath Holger
Published: September 2016

High‐performance thermoplastic composites based on semiaromatic polyamides are prime candidates for metal replacement in lightweight structural applications. However, the low ductility and toughness of semiaromatic polyamides remain major obstacles to their wider industrial application. In this study, we showed that novel random copolymers were formed by the unexpectedly efficient transamidation during the melt compounding of semicrystalline semiaromatic and aliphatic polyamides. Thus, homogeneous materials with a single glass transition and a high degree of crystalline order were obtained from blends of the semiaromatic poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide‐co‐isophthalamide) (PA6TI) with poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (PA66) or poly(hexamethylene sebacoamide) (PA610). By contrast, phase segregation and a less efficient transamidation was observed for cocompounded PA6TI and polylaurolactam (PA12). We attributed this to differences in the hydrogen‐bonding patterns of the two polyamides. This study opened the way for the preparation of novel high‐performance thermoplastic polyamides and composites through simple melt compounding. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44349.
Triple‐shape‐memory polymer films created by forced‐assembly multilayer coextrusion
Authors: Ji Shanzuo , Wang Jia , Olah Andrew , Baer Eric
Published: September 2016

Triple‐shape‐memory polymers are capable of memorizing two temporary shapes and sequentially recovering from the first temporary shape to the second temporary shape and eventually to the permanent shape upon exposure to a stimulus. In this study, unique three‐component, multilayered films with an ATBTA configuration [where A is polyurethane (PU), B is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and T is poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)] were produced as a triple‐shape‐memory material via a forced‐assembly multilayer film coextrusion process from PU, EVA, and PVAc. The two well‐separated thermal transitions of the PU–EVA–PVAc film, the melting temperature of EVA and the glass‐transition temperature of PVAc, allow for the fixing of the two temporary shapes. The cyclic thermomechanical testing results confirm that the 257‐layered PU–EVA–PVAc films possessed outstanding triple‐shape‐memory performance in terms of the shape fixity and shape‐recovery ratios. This approach allowed greater design flexibility and simultaneous adjustment of the mechanical and shape‐memory properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44405.
Freedom of expression in Egypt: how long hair, pink shirts, novels, amateur videos and facebook threaten public order and morality!
Authors: Mansour Khaled
Published: September 2016

Freedom of expression suffers from a ferocious crackdown in Egypt because of gaping narcissistic injuries to a chauvinist, patriarchal national psyche that has been repackaged in Egypt's early post‐colonial years. Decades of cultural and socio‐economic decay has torn Egypt's stereotypical psyche between claims of grandeur and righteousness on the one hand and a reality of failures and debasement on the other hand. Dislocated, many Egyptians are desperate and willing to submit to any comforting system of meaning. Their alienation and sense of shame drive them to seek a clean origin and to disavow reality, a state that is conducive to an obsession with blaming the other, or the minority or the neighboring communities, for instigating this shame. There is a symbiotic deadlock of the impossible return to an imagined past and the feared submission to an ill‐defined new. This creates a state of neurosis where the two essentialist “selves” propagated by the religious and neoliberal elites are meant to preserve a status quo under the benevolent hand of the father/dictator. A challenge to this setup means also a challenge to the father whose protection is sought and loathed in such a torturous neurotic state whose end or dissolution could mean to many the end of the world as they know it. For Egypt to get out of this quagmire, deep political and institutional reforms will have to evolve through social resistance and transformation. This will take time because ultra‐nationalism and patriarchy are instrumentalized and integral to deep vested material and psychological interests.
Facile Synthesis of Platinum–Cerium(IV) Oxide Hybrids Arched on Reduced Graphene Oxide Catalyst in Reverse Micelles with High Activity and Durability for Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Yao Qilu , Shi Yao , Zhang Xiaoliang , Chen Xiangshu , Lu Zhang‐Hui
Published: September 2016

Highly dispersed Pt‐CeO2 hybrids arched on reduced graphene oxide (Pt‐CeO2/rGO) were facilely synthesized by a combination of the reverse micelle technique and a redox reaction without any additional reductant or surfactant. Under a N2 atmosphere, the redox reaction between Ce3+ and Pt2+ occurs automatically in alkaline solution, which results in the formation of Pt‐CeO2/rGO nanocomposites (NCs). The as‐synthesized Pt‐CeO2/rGO NCs exhibit superior catalytic performance relative to that shown by the free Pt nanoparticles, Pt/rGO, Pt‐CeO2 hybrid, and the physical mixture of Pt‐CeO2 and rGO; furthermore, the nanocomposites show significantly better activity than the commercial Pt/C catalyst toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3) at room temperature. Moreover, the Pt‐CeO2/rGO NCs have remarkable stability, and 92 % of their initial catalytic activity is preserved even after 10 runs. The excellent activity of the Pt‐CeO2/rGO NCs can be attributed not only to the synergistic structure but also to the electronic effects of the Pt‐CeO2/rGO NCs among Pt, CeO2, and rGO.
Evaluating microalgae‐to‐energy ‐systems: different approaches to life cycle assessment (LCA) studies
Authors: Collotta Massimo , Busi Leonardo , Champagne Pascale , Mabee Warren , Tomasoni Giuseppe , Alberti Marco
Published: September 2016

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a valuable tool for determining the environmental impacts associated with different products and has been widely used to assess biofuel production. As a scientific methodology rather than a standardized test, every LCA may be thought of as unique in terms of the selection of functional units or determination of system boundaries. Researchers generally tailor the method to meet the specific goals of their own investigations. This review examines a number of LCAs used to evaluate microalgae‐to‐energy systems, and evaluates their contributions in terms of their ability to support commercialization efforts in this sector. To this end, a new scoring system for LCAs is proposed based on input/output flows, data origin, production technologies and system boundaries, selection of assumptions and variables, as well as the ability to track environmental, economic, and social impacts. The review suggests that, while a wide variety of new technological pathways for microalgae‐to‐energy systems are being assessed, the majority of studies reported employ relatively limited system boundaries that may not capture the full impacts of the processes. The number of environmental impact factors being tracked is limited, and many studies do not consider important impacts such as water or land use. Most studies do not incorporate critical information about economics related to new process configurations, which will be essential to support commercialization efforts in this area. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dielectric properties of dog brain tissue measured in vitro across the 0.3–3 GHz band
Authors: Mohammed Beadaa , Bialkowski Konstanty , Abbosh Amin , Mills Paul C. , Bradley Andrew P.
Published: September 2016

Dielectric properties of dead Greyhound female dogs’ brain tissues at different ages were measured at room temperature across the frequency range of 0.3–3 GHz. Measurements were made on excised tissues, in vitro in the laboratory, to carry out dielectric tests on sample tissues. Each dataset for a brain tissue was parametrized using the Cole–Cole expression, and the relevant Cole–Cole parameters for four tissue types are provided. A comparison was made with the database available in literature for other animals and human brain tissue. Results of two types of tissues (white matter and skull) showed systematic variation in dielectric properties as a function of animal age, whereas no significant change related to age was noticed for other tissues. Results provide critical information regarding dielectric properties of animal tissues for a realistic animal head model that can be used to verify the validity and reliability of a microwave head scanner for animals prior to testing on live animals. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:549–556, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mangiferin: A review of sources and interventions for biological activities
Authors: Jyotshna  , Khare Puja , Shanker Karuna
Published: September 2016

Xanthones are naturally synthesized in various biological systems such as plants, lichens, and fungi and are stored as by‐products. In addition to taxonomic significance they are also important in the treatment/management of a number of human disorders. Mangiferin and its derived lead molecule have never qualified for use in a clinical trial despite a number of pharmacological studies that have proven its effectiveness as an antioxidant, analgesic, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, chemopreventive, radioprotective, cardiotonic, immunomodulatory, and diuretic. For centuries in the traditional practice of medicine in India and China the use of plants containing mangiferin has been a major component for disease management and health benefits. While it resembles biflavones, the C‐glucosyl xanthone (mangiferin) has great nutritional and medicinal significance due to its unique structural characteristics. The C‐glycoside link of mangiferin, mimicked to nucleophilic phloroglucinol substitution, facilitates its bioavailability and also is responsible for its antioxidant properties. Researchers have also utilized its xanthonic framework for both pharmacophoric backbone and for its use as a substitution group for synthesis and prospects. To date more than 500 derivatives using about 80 reactions have been generated. These reactions include: lipid peroxidation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, fermentation, deglycosylation, hydrolysis, polymerization, sulfation, acylation, etherification, peroxidation among others. Multiple studies on efficacy and safety have increased the global demand of mangiferin‐based food supplements. This review highlights the distribution of mangiferin in plants, its isolation, and assay methods applicable to different sample matrices. In addition we include updates on various strategies and derived products intended for designated pharmacological actions. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(5):504–514, 2016
Outcome and Efficacy of Interventions by a Public Figure Threat Assessment and Management Unit: A Mirrored Study of Concerning Behaviors and Police Contacts Before and After Intervention
Authors: James David V. , Farnham Frank R.
Published: September 2016

Specialized units for the assessment and management of concerning behaviors towards public figures have been set up in various jurisdictions. Their efficacy has been demonstrated descriptively and in terms of reduction in concern rates. This study of 100 consecutive cases from the Fixated Threat Assessment Centre (FTAC) in the UK uses a novel measure of outcome in the form of reduction in behaviors of concern and in police call‐outs/stops, using data culled from police and health service records. It adopts a mirrored design, comparing individuals over 12‐month and 2‐year periods before and after FTAC intervention. It demonstrates significant reductions in both numbers of individuals involved in, and number of actual incidents of, concerning communication and problematic approach, as well as police call‐outs/stops. Most results are consistent across subgroups with regard to gender, previous convictions, concern level, compulsory hospitalization and grievance‐driven behavior. Such threat assessment units reduce risky behavior and save police time and, possibly, costs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Enhanced‐Performance LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries by using a Divalent Transition‐Metal Phosphate as an Intermediate
Authors: Li Jianlong , Wang Yan , Wu Jinhua , Zhao Hang , Wu Hao , Zhang Yun , Liu Heng
Published: September 2016

The olivine‐structured LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C composite is an alternative cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries with excellent high‐rate capability and cycle stability. A facile synthesis is achieved by applying a divalent transition metal phosphate as intermediate, spray drying, and annealing. A phosphate hydrate with a low degree of crystallinity is coprecipitated and characterized by XRD and SEM. SEM and TEM investigations show that the LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C particles are porous microspheres with a diameter of 2–5 μm, and that the primary nanoparticles are wrapped by a 4–6 nm‐thick carbon layer. Compared with LiFePO4/C and LiMnPO4/C, the LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C microspheres exhibit higher energy density and enhanced discharge capacities of 156, 147, and 133 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 1 and 10 C, respectively, as well as excellent cycle performance at high rates.
Liquid‐Crystalline Ionic Liquids as Ordered Reaction Media for the Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Bruce Duncan W. , Gao Yanan , Canongia Lopes José Nuno , Shimizu Karina , Slattery John M.
Published: September 2016

Liquid‐crystalline ionic liquids (LCILs) are ordered materials that have untapped potential to be used as reaction media for synthetic chemistry. This paper investigates the potential for the ordered structures of LCILs to influence the stereochemical outcome of the Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and methyl acrylate. The ratio of endo‐ to exo‐product from this reaction was monitored for a range of ionic liquids (ILs) and LCILs. Comparison of the endo:exo ratios in these reactions as a function of cation, anion and liquid crystallinity of the reaction media, allowed for the effects of liquid crystallinity to be distinguished from anion effects or cation alkyl chain length effects. These data strongly suggest that the proportion of exo‐product increases as the reaction media is changed from an isotropic IL to a LCIL. A detailed molecular dynamics (MD) study suggests that this effect is related to different hydrogen bonding interactions between the reaction media and the exo‐ and endo‐transition states in solvents with layered, smectic ordering compared to those that are isotropic.
Protein Staining Agents from Cationic and Neutral Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Zhou Yuyang , Jia Junli , Wang Xiaomei , Guo Weiqiang , Wu Zhengying , Xu Nan
Published: September 2016

Seven luminescent iridium(III) complexes were prepared to investigate the relationships between chemical structures and properties of protein staining. For the first time, the effect of the main ligand, the π conjugation effect of the ancillary ligand, and the charge effect of organometallic complexes on protein staining has been revealed. Most importantly, this study gives the first experimental evidence of the potential applications of charge‐neutral organometallic complexes in protein staining, which could open an avenue of exploiting novel protein staining agents in the future.
ChemInform Abstract: Artemisinin — A Gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the World (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Tu Youyou
Published: September 2016

Review: 25 refs.
Vereinfachte Auslegung der simulierten Gegenstromchromatographie mittels des Hodographenraums
Authors: Kaspereit Malte , Neupert Bernhard
Published: September 2016

Auf der Basis der Gleichgewichtstheorie wird eine vereinfachte explizite Auslegungsmethode für die Chromatographie mit simuliertem Gegenstrom vorgeschlagen. Ihre Anwendbarkeit wird anhand des Hodographenraums für kompetitive Gleichgewichte mit variabler Selektivität, modifizierte Langmuir‐, Bi‐Langmuir‐ und Jovanovic‐Adsorptionsisothermen, diskutiert. Bei der Validierung mittels Literaturdaten erreicht der Ansatz eine hohe Genauigkeit. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, dass in Systemen mit modifizierten und Bi‐Langmuir‐Isothermen grundsätzlich komplexe nichtlineare Phänomene auftreten können.