bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mating Behavior of the African Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda(Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Nene Wilson Angelo , Rwegasira Gratian Mutashoberwa , Offenberg Joachim , Mwatawala Maulid , Nielsen Mogens
Published: January 2016

Mating in most species of ants occurs during nuptial flights. In the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille, mating has previously been hypothesized to take place within the nest before the nuptial flight. However, several researchers disagree with this supposition particularly with reference to the closely related species Oecopylla smaragdina (Fabricius) whose mating occur during nuptial flights. Understanding the mating strategy of O. longinoda is of importance for its successful application in biological control programs. We conducted field and screen house experiments during two mating seasons to determine whether the mating occur prior to the dispersal flight. We examined winged O. longinoda queens on the nest surface before taking flight, immediately after leaving the nest, up to twelve hours (12h) after leaving the nest and after settling naturally following the dispersal flights. Mating in captivity between different number of males and queens were also assessed. Only eggs produced by queens (N=65) collected after their natural settling hatched into larvae. No eggs hatched from any of the 527 winged queens that were collected prior to their dispersal flights and no mating attempts in captivity lead to viable offspring. Findings from the current study suggest that mating of O. longinoda queens take place during a nuptial flight and does not take place within the nest, as previously suggested.
Foraging behavior of leaf cutting ants: How do workers search for their food?
Authors: Camargo Roberto Da Silva
Published: January 2016

? Forager ants search for adequate food sources in nature and, after their discovery, decide whether the source is suitable or not for the colony. However, we asked “How do workers seek out the substrate for cultivation of the symbiontic fungus on which they feed? To answer this question, we evaluated the distance traveled by individual workers in the search of food and the distance traveled to return to the nest, as well as the time and velocity necessary for these activities. The results showed that the distance traveled by the leaf cutting ant, Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Linneus, 1758), in the search of food was greater than the distance traveled to return with the substrate to the colony. On the other hand, the mean time and velocity were similar for food search and return to the colony. These results support the hypothesis of information transfer, according to which the worker needs to return to the nest at the beginning of foraging to transfer information to other workers and thus to establish the process of worker ant foraging. It can be concluded that workers travel large distances in a random manner until finding their substrate, but the return to the nest is efficient considering the shorter distance traveled.
Global elevational, latitudinal, and climatic limits for termites and the redescription of Rugitermes laticollis Snyder (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from the Andean Highlands
Authors: Scheffrahn Rudolf H
Published: January 2016

We compile, map, and discuss global elevational, latitudinal, thermal, and rainfall extremes of termite localities from literature sources and unpublished records. Rugitermes laticollis from Ecuador and Bolivia occurs at higher elevation (2700-3600 m) than any other termite species.  Termites span the globe from 54.3°N (Zootermopsis angusticollis in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada) to 48.9°S (Porotermes quadricollis in Magdalena, Chile).  The coldest locality supporting termites (Reticulitermes sp.) is at Churn Creek, B.C., where the mean annual temperature is 4°C.   Lake Havasu City, Arizona, where Heterotermes aureus and Gnathamitermes perplexus occur, has the highest recorded temperature maximum (52°C) for a termite locality.  Cryptotermes brevis and Neotermes chilensis are endemic to the Pacific Coast of Peru and Chile where rain is essentially absent.  We further provide locality extremes for six termite families from six zoogeographical regions.  In addition, the winged imago of Ru. laticollis is redescribed and the soldier is described for the first time.
Identity, representation and the ‘acceptable face’ of equalities policy making in Britain
Authors: Afridi Asif
Published: January 2016

Equalities-based public policy making in Britain is informed heavily by forms of ‘descriptive representation’ (seeking representatives with particular identities or attributes that can speak on behalf of traditionally excluded groups in the wider population). But descriptive representation alone is a relatively conservative aim for the progress of equality and social justice. Efforts to purposefully advance aspects of ‘substantive’ and ‘symbolic’ representation could help respond to doubts about the impact that descriptive representation alone has on the advancement of equality in public policy. Yet this paper argues that, ultimately, societal views about what ‘equality’ means present significant barriers to the advancement of a broader ‘representation’ agenda in this field of public policy.
Volunteering in Calais
Authors: Wilkinson Katie
Published: January 2016

In recent months, there have been a growing number of grass-roots solidarity groups starting around Europe. Ordinary people, horrified by the inaction of their national and European representatives to the growing refugee crisis internationally, have initiated these groups. The most prolific of these groups are the ‘Calais-Solidarity’ groups. A social work student who was involved in initiating a Calais-Solidarity group in Wales writes this piece. It gives a first-hand account of a recent trip to Calais, undertaken by social work students and activists from this group.
Vélemények és gondolatok a nők egyetemi képzéséről a 19. és 20. század fordulóján
Authors: Pálmai Dóra
Published: January 2016

Jelen tanulmányban azt szeretnénk bemutatni, hogy a 19. század végén – 20. század elején milyen gondolatokat, véleményeket fogalmaztak meg Magyarországon a nők egyetemi képzésével és a felsőoktatás koedukálttá tételével kapcsolatban. Az analitikus jellegű kutatás során azokra a kérdésekre kerestük a választ, hogy hogyan vélekedett a közvélemény a nők felsőfokú tanulmányairól, illetve a témával kapcsolatban milyen főbb csomópontok rajzolódnak ki a forrásokon keresztül. Ezekre a kérdésekre csak akkor kaphatunk választ, ha ismerjük a nemek feladatainak 19. században elfogadott megosztását, illetve az egyetemek koedukációjának nemzetközi folyamatát, mely a 19. században indult el az Amerikai Egyesült Államokból és Magyarország 1895-től volt részese. Fontos megvizsgálni, hogyan értelmezték a koedukáció fogalmát a 19. század végén és a 20. század elején. Nem tekinthetünk el a definíció pszichológiai és pedagógiai megközelítésétől, illetve attól sem, hogy az együttes nevelésről alkotott véleményeket sok esetben összekapcsolták az erkölcsiesség és az udvariasság kérdésével.  
Kutatási kérdéseink megválaszolásához korabeli monográfiák és sajtótermékek elemzését végeztük el. A Nemzeti Nőnevelés, a Vasárnapi Ujság, a Pécsi Közlöny, a Budapesti Szemle, A Nő és a Népmívelés oldalain találtunk a témához kapcsolódó forrásokat.  
Fotó: Fortepan / Cholnoky Tamás
Novel mitochondrial complex I inhibitors restore glucose-handling abilities of high-fat fed mice
Authors: Martin Darren S D , Leonard Siobhán , Devine Robert , Redondo Clara , Kinsella Gemma K , Breen Conor J , McEneaney Victoria , Rooney Mary F , Munsey Tim S , Porter Richard K , Sivaprasadarao Asipu , Stephens John C , Findlay John B C
Published: January 2016

Metformin is the main drug of choice for treating type 2 diabetes, yet the therapeutic regimens and side effects of the compound are all undesirable and can lead to reduced compliance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of two novel compounds which improved glucose handling and weight gain in mice on a high-fat diet. Wildtype C57Bl/6 male mice were fed on a high-fat diet and treated with novel, anti-diabetic compounds. Both compounds restored the glucose handling ability of these mice. At a cellular level, these compounds achieve this by inhibiting complex I activity in mitochondria, leading to AMP-activated protein kinase activation and subsequent increased glucose uptake by the cells, as measured in the mouse C2C12 muscle cell line. Based on the inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase (IC50 27µmolL−1), one of these compounds is close to a thousand fold more potent than metformin. There are no indications of off target effects. The compounds have the potential to have a greater anti-diabetic effect at a lower dose than metformin and may represent a new anti-diabetic compound class. The mechanism of action appears not to be as an insulin sensitizer but rather as an insulin substitute.
Simultaneous exposure to estrogen and androgen resulted in feminization and endocrine disruption
Authors: Chen Lili , Jiang Xiaolong , Feng Haiwei , Shi Hongjuan , Sun Lina , Tao Wenjing , Xie Qingping , Wang Deshou
Published: January 2016

Estrogen, which is synthesized earlier in females than androgen in males, is critical for sex determination in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, it remains unknown that what would happen to the gonadal phenotype if estrogen and androgen were administrated simultaneously. In this study, XY and XX tilapia fry were treated with the same dose of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) alone and in combination from 0 to 30 days after hatching. Treatment of XY fish with E2resulted in male to female sex reversal, while treatment of XX fish with MT resulted in female to male sex reversal. In contrast, simultaneous treatment of XX and XY fish with MT and E2resulted in female, but withcyp11b2andcyp19a1aco-expressed in the ovary. Serum 11-ketotestosteron level of the MT and E2simultaneously treated XX and XY female was similar to that of the XY control, while serum E2level of these two groups was similar to that of the XX control. Transcriptomic cluster analysis revealed that the MT and E2treated XX and XY gonads clustered into the same branch with the XX control. However a small fraction of genes, which showed disordered expression, may be associated with stress response. These results demonstrated that estrogen could maintain the female phenotype of XX fish and feminize XY fish even in the presence of androgen. Simultaneous treatment with estrogen and androgen up-regulated the endogenous estrogen and androgen synthesis, and resulted in disordered gene expression and endocrine disruption in tilapia.
Properties of composite positive continuous functions in $\mathbb{C}^n$
Authors: Bandura A.I.
Published: January 2016

The properties of positive continuous functions with $Q^n_{\mathbf{b}}$ and $Q$ are investigated. We prove that some composite functions with $Q$ belong to class $Q^n_{\mathbf{b}}.$ A relation between functions with these classes are established.
On convergence $(2,1,\dots,1)$-periodic branched continued fraction of the special form
Authors: Bodnar D.I. , Bubniak M.M.
Published: January 2016

$(2,1,\dots,1)$-periodic branched continued fraction of the special form is defined. Conditions of convergence are established for 2-periodic continued fraction and $(2,1,\dots,1)$-periodic branched continued fraction of the special form. Truncation error bounds are estimated for these fractions under additional conditions.
Generalized types of the growth of Dirichlet series
Authors: Hlova T.Ya. , Filevych P.V.
Published: January 2016

Let $A\in(-\infty,+\infty]$ and $\Phi$ be a continuously on $[\sigma_0,A)$ function such that $\Phi(\sigma)\to+\infty$ as $\sigma\to A-0$. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition on a nonnegative sequence $\lambda=(\lambda_n)$, increasing to $+\infty$, under which the equality$$\overline{\lim\limits_{\sigma\uparrow A}}\frac{\ln M(\sigma,F)}{\Phi(\sigma)}=\overline{\lim\limits_{\sigma\uparrow A}}\frac{\ln\mu(\sigma,F)}{\Phi(\sigma)},$$holds for every Dirichlet series of the form $F(s)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_ne^{s\lambda_n}$, $s=\sigma+it$, absolutely convergent in the half-plane ${Re}\, s<A$, where $M(\sigma,F)=\sup\{|F(s)|:{Re}\, s=\sigma\}$ and $\mu(\sigma,F)=\max\{|a_n|e^{\sigma\lambda_n}:n\ge 0\}$ are the maximum modulus and maximal term of this series respectively.
Граничні коливання неперервних функцій
Authors: Maslyuchenko O.V. , Onypa D.P.
Published: January 2016

В даній роботі доводиться, що для довільної напівнеперервної зверху функції $f:F\rightarrow [0;+\infty]$, що визначена на межі $F=\overline G\setminus G$ деякої відкритої множини $G$ в метризовному просторі $X$, існує неперервна функція $g:G\rightarrow \mathbb R$, граничне коливання $\widetilde \omega_g$ якої рівне $f$.
On the multiplicative order of elements in Wiedemann's towers of finite fields
Authors: Popovych R.
Published: January 2016

We consider recursive binary finite field extensions $E_{i+1} =E_{i} (x_{i+1} )$, $i\ge -1$, defined by D. Wiedemann. The main object of the paper is to give some proper divisors of the Fermat numbers $N_{i} $ that are not equal to the multiplicative order $O(x_{i} )$.
A study on integer additive set-valuations of signed graphs
Authors: Sudev N.K. , Germina K.A.
Published: January 2016

Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ denote the set of all non-negative integers and $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)$ be its power set. An integer additive set-labeling (IASL) of a graph $G$ is an injective set-valued function $f:V(G)\to\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)\setminus\{\emptyset\}$ such that the induced function $f^+:E(G) \to \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)\setminus \{\emptyset\}$ is defined by $f^+(uv) = f(u)+ f(v)$, where $f(u)+f(v)$ is the sumset of $f(u)$ and $f(v)$. A graph which has an IASL is usually called an IASL-graph. An IASL $f$ of a graph $G$ is said to be an integer additive set-indexer (IASI) of $G$ if the associated function $f^+$ is also injective. In this paper, we define the notion of integer additive set-labeling of signed graphs and discuss certain properties of signed graphs which admits certain types of integer additive set-labelings.
On properties of the solutions of the Weber equation
Authors: Trukhan Yu.S.
Published: January 2016

Growth, convexity and the $l$-index boundedness of the functions $\alpha(z)$ and $\beta(z)$, such that $\alpha(z^4)$ and $z\beta(z^4)$ are linear independent solutions of the Weber equation $w''-(\frac{z^2}4-\nu-\frac12) w=0$ if $\nu=-\frac12$ are investigated.
Paley-Wiener-type theorem for polynomial ultradifferentiable functions
Authors: Sharyn S.V.
Published: January 2016

The image of the space of ultradifferentiable functions with compact supports under Fourier-Laplace transformation is described. An analogue of Paley-Wiener theorem for polynomial ultradifferentiable functions is proved.
Tying Down Loose Ends in the Chlamydomonas Genome: Functional Significance of Abundant Upstream Open Reading Frames
Authors: Cross Frederick R
Published: January 2016

The Chlamydomonas genome has been sequenced, assembled, and annotated to produce a rich resource for genetics and molecular biology in this well-studied model organism. The annotated genome is very rich in open reading frames upstream of the annotated coding sequence (‘uORFs’): almost three quarters of the assigned transcripts have at least one uORF, and frequently more than one. This is problematic with respect to the standard ‘scanning’ model for eukaryotic translation initiation. These uORFs can be grouped into three classes: class 1, initiating in-frame with the coding sequence (CDS) (thus providing a potential in-frame N-terminal extension); class 2, initiating in the 5′ untranslated sequences (5UT) and terminating out-of-frame in the CDS; and class 3, initiating and terminating within the 5UT. Multiple bioinformatics criteria (including analysis of Kozak consensus sequence agreement and BLASTP comparisons to the closely related Volvox genome, and statistical comparison to cds and to random sequence controls) indicate that of ∼4000 class 1 uORFs, approximately half are likely in vivo translation initiation sites. The proposed resulting N-terminal extensions in many cases will sharply alter the predicted biochemical properties of the encoded proteins. These results suggest significant modifications in ∼2000 of the ∼20,000 transcript models with respect to translation initiation and encoded peptides. In contrast, class 2 uORFs may be subject to purifying selection, and the existent ones (surviving selection) are likely inefficiently translated. Class 3 uORFs are found in more than half of transcripts, frequently multiple times per transcript; however, they are remarkably similar to random sequence expectations with respect to size, number, and composition, and therefore may in most cases be selectively neutral.
Vesicular Trafficking Systems Impact TORC1-Controlled Transcriptional Programs inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kingsbury Joanne M , Cardenas Maria E
Published: January 2016

The Target of Rapamycin Complex I (TORC1) orchestrates global reprogramming of transcriptional programs in response to myriad environmental conditions, yet, despite the commonality of the TORC1 complex components, different TORC1-inhibitory conditions do not elicit a uniform transcriptional response. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TORC1 regulates the expression of nitrogen catabolite repressed (NCR) genes by controlling the nuclear translocation of the NCR transactivator Gln3. Moreover, Golgi-to-endosome trafficking was shown to be required for nuclear translocation of Gln3 upon a shift from rich medium to the poor nitrogen source proline, but not upon rapamycin treatment. Here, we employed microarray profiling to survey the full impact of the vesicular trafficking system on yeast TORC1-orchestrated transcriptional programs. In addition to the NCR genes, we found that ribosomal protein, ribosome biogenesis, phosphate-responsive, and sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism genes are perturbed by disruption of Golgi-to-endosome trafficking following a nutritional shift from rich to poor nitrogen source medium, but not upon rapamycin treatment. Similar to Gln3, defects in Golgi-to-endosome trafficking significantly delayed cytoplasmic–nuclear translocation of Sfp1, but did not detectably affect the cytoplasmic–nuclear or nuclear–cytoplasmic translocation of Met4, which are the transactivators of these genes. Thus, Golgi-to-endosome trafficking defects perturb TORC1 transcriptional programs via multiple mechanisms. Our findings further delineate the downstream transcriptional responses of TORC1 inhibition by rapamycin compared with a nitrogen quality downshift. Given the conservation of both TORC1 and endomembrane networks throughout eukaryotes, our findings may also have implications for TORC1-mediated responses to nutritional cues in mammals and other eukaryotes.
A Computational Approach to Estimating Nondisjunction Frequency inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chu Daniel B , Burgess Sean M
Published: January 2016

Errors segregating homologous chromosomes during meiosis result in aneuploid gametes and are the largest contributing factor to birth defects and spontaneous abortions in humans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long served as a model organism for studying the gene network supporting normal chromosome segregation. Measuring homolog nondisjunction frequencies is laborious, and involves dissecting thousands of tetrads to detect missegregation of individually marked chromosomes. Here we describe a computational method (TetFit) to estimate the relative contributions of meiosis I nondisjunction and random-spore death to spore inviability in wild type and mutant strains. These values are based on finding the best-fit distribution of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 viable-spore tetrads to an observed distribution. Using TetFit, we found that meiosis I nondisjunction is an intrinsic component of spore inviability in wild-type strains. We show proof-of-principle that the calculated average meiosis I nondisjunction frequency determined by TetFit closely matches empirically determined values in mutant strains. Using these published data sets, TetFit uncovered two classes of mutants: Class A mutants skew toward increased nondisjunction death, and include those with known defects in establishing pairing, recombination, and/or synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Class B mutants skew toward random spore death, and include those with defects in sister-chromatid cohesion and centromere function. Epistasis analysis using TetFit is facilitated by the low numbers of tetrads (as few as 200) required to compare the contributions to spore death in different mutant backgrounds. TetFit analysis does not require any special strain construction, and can be applied to previously observed tetrad distributions.
A Novel Recombinant DNA System for High Efficiency Affinity Purification of Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Carrick Brian H , Hao Linxuan , Smaldino Philip J , Engelke David R
Published: January 2016

Isolation of endogenous proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been facilitated by inserting encoding polypeptide affinity tags at the C-termini of chromosomal open reading frames (ORFs) using homologous recombination of DNA fragments. Tagged protein isolation is limited by a number of factors, including high cost of affinity resins for bulk isolation and low concentration of ligands on the resin surface, leading to low isolation efficiencies and trapping of contaminants. To address this, we have created a recombinant “CelTag” DNA construct from which PCR fragments can be created to easily tag C-termini of S. cerevisiae ORFs using selection for a nat1 marker. The tag has a C-terminal cellulose binding module to be used in the first affinity step. Microgranular cellulose is very inexpensive and has an effectively continuous ligand on its surface, allowing rapid, highly efficient purification with minimal background. Cellulose-bound proteins are released by specific cleavage of an included site for TEV protease, giving nearly pure product. The tag can be lifted from the recombinant DNA construct either with or without a 13x myc epitope tag between the target ORF and the TEV protease site. Binding of CelTag protein fusions to cellulose is stable to high salt, nonionic detergents, and 1 M urea, allowing stringent washing conditions to remove loosely associated components, as needed, before specific elution. It is anticipated that this reagent could allow isolation of protein complexes from large quantities of yeast extract, including soluble, membrane-bound, or nucleic acid-associated assemblies.
Partial Dominance, Overdominance, Epistasis and QTL by Environment Interactions Contribute to Heterosis in Two Upland Cotton Hybrids
Authors: Shang Lianguang , Wang Yumei , Cai Shihu , Wang Xiaocui , Li Yuhua , Abduweli Abdugheni , Hua Jinping
Published: January 2016

Based on two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, two corresponding backcross (BC) populations were constructed to elucidate the genetic basis of heterosis in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The yield, and yield components, of these populations were evaluated in three environments. At the single-locus level, 78 and 66 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected using composite interval mapping in RIL and BC populations, respectively, and 29 QTL were identified based on mid-parental heterosis (MPH) data of two hybrids. Considering all traits together, a total of 50 (64.9%) QTL with partial dominance effect, and 27 (35.1%) QTL for overdominance effect were identified in two BC populations. At the two-locus level, 120 and 88 QTL with main effects (M-QTL), and 335 and 99 QTL involved in digenic interactions (E-QTL), were detected by inclusive composite interval mapping in RIL and BC populations, respectively. A large number of QTL by environment interactions (QEs) for M-QTL and E-QTL were detected in three environments. For most traits, average E-QTL explained a larger proportion of phenotypic variation than did M-QTL in two RIL populations and two BC populations. It was concluded that partial dominance, overdominance, epistasis, and QEs all contribute to heterosis in Upland cotton, and that partial dominance resulting from single loci and epistasis play a relatively more important role than other genetic effects in heterosis in Upland cotton.
Novel Heterotypic Rox Sites for Combinatorial Dre Recombination Strategies
Authors: Chuang Katherine , Nguyen Eileen , Sergeev Yuri , Badea Tudor C
Published: January 2016

Site-specific recombinases (SSRs) such as Cre are widely used in gene targeting and genetic approaches for cell labeling and manipulation. They mediate DNA strand exchange between two DNA molecules at dedicated recognition sites. Precise understanding of the Cre recombination mechanism, including the role of individual base pairs in its loxP target site, guided the generation of mutant lox sites that specifically recombine with themselves but not with the wild type loxP. This has led to the development of a variety of combinatorial Cre-dependent genetic strategies, such as multicolor reporters, irreversible inversions, or recombination-mediated cassette exchange. Dre, a Cre-related phage integrase that recognizes roxP sites, does not cross-react with the Cre-loxP system, but has similar recombination efficiency. We have previously described intersectional genetic strategies combining Dre and Cre. We now report a mutagenesis screen aimed at identifying roxP base pairs critical for self-recognition. We describe several rox variant sites that are incompatible with roxP, but are able to efficiently recombine with themselves in either purified systems or bacterial and eukaryotic tissue culture systems. These newly identified rox sites are not recognized by Cre, thus enabling potential combinatorial strategies involving Cre, Dre, and target loci including multiple loxP and roxP variants.
Economy of Expression as a principle of syntax
Authors: Dalrymple Mary , Kaplan Ronald M. , King Tracy Holloway
Published: January 2016

The purpose of a grammatical theory is to specify the mechanisms and principles that can characterize the relations of acceptable sentences in particular languages to the meanings that they express. It is sometimes proposed that the simplest and most explanatory way of arranging the formal mechanisms of grammatical description is to allow them to produce unacceptable representations or derivations for some meanings and then to appeal to a global principle of economy to control this overgeneration. Thus there is an intuition common to many syntactic theories that a given meaning should be expressed in the most economical way, that smaller representations or shorter derivations should be chosen over larger ones.In this paper we explore the conceptual and formal issues of Economy as it has been discussed within the theory of Lexical Functional Grammar. In LFG the metric of Economy is typically formulated in terms of the size of one component of syntactic representation -- the surface constituent structure tree -- but it is often left unstated which trees for a given meaning are to be compared and how they are to be measured. We present a framework within which alternative explicit definitions of Economy can be formulated, and examine some phenomena for which Economy has been offered as an explanation. However, we observe that descriptive devices already available and independently motivated within the traditional LFG formalism can also account for these phenomena directly, without relying on cross-derivational comparisons to compensate for overgeneration. This leads us to question whether Economy is necessary or even useful as a separate principle of grammatical explanation.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Neonatal Surgery for Major Noncardiac Anomalies
Authors: Stolwijk Lisanne J. , Lemmers Petra MA , Harmsen Marissa , Groenendaal Floris , de Vries Linda S. , van der Zee David C. , Benders Manon J.N. , van Herwaarden-Lindeboom Maud Y.A.
Published: January 2016

CONTEXT:

Increasing concerns have been raised about the incidence of neurodevelopmental delay in children with noncardiac congenital anomalies (NCCA) requiring neonatal surgery.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to determine the incidence and potential risk factors for developmental delay after neonatal surgery for major NCCA.

DATA SOURCES:

A systematic search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed through March 2015.

STUDY SELECTION:

Original research articles on standardized cognitive or motor skills tests.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data on neurodevelopmental outcome, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and risk factors for delay were extracted.

RESULTS:

In total, 23 eligible studies were included, reporting on 895 children. Meta-analysis was performed with data of 511 children, assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12 and 24 months of age. Delay in cognitive development was reported in a median of 23% (3%–56%). Meta-analysis showed a cognitive score of 0.5 SD below the population average (Mental Development Index 92 ± 13, mean ± SD; P < .001). Motor development was delayed in 25% (0%–77%). Meta-analysis showed a motor score of 0.6 SD below average (Psychomotor Development Index 91 ± 14; P < .001). Several of these studies report risk factors for psychomotor delay, including low birth weight, a higher number of congenital anomalies, duration of hospital admission, and repeated surgery.

LIMITATIONS:

All data were retrieved from studies with small sample sizes and various congenital anomalies using different neurodevelopmental assessment tools.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cognitive and motor developmental delay was found in 23% of patients with NCCA. Meta-analysis showed that the mean neurodevelopmental outcome scores were 0.5 SD below the normative score of the healthy population.
Erythema Marginatum as an Early Symptom of Hereditary Angioedema: Case Report of 2 Newborns
Authors: Martinez-Saguer Inmaculada , Farkas Henriette
Published: January 2016

Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare genetic disease that causes recurrent swelling attacks that may affect various body tissues. Angioedematous attacks can be fatal in the case of upper airway edema and are often preceded by prodromal symptoms like erythema marginatum. Initial symptoms usually occur in the first decade of life. We report on manifestation of profound and recurrent erythema marginatum in 2 newborns. In both cases, prodromal symptoms could help determine the diagnosis of C1-INH-HAE such that, at a later time, angioedematous attacks could be treated promptly and effectively. Awareness of C1-INH-HAE is low among physicians and even lower among the general public. This report aims at raising the level of awareness and shows that initial symptoms of the potentially life-threatening condition can manifest in newborns and that erythema marginatum can even be present at birth. Recognition of early symptoms and timely diagnosis of the disease along with adequate education of the pediatrician and parents are a prerequisite for prompt and effective treatment of attacks and the successful management of the disease.
Beyond confusion and controversy, can we evaluate the real efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering with statins?
Authors: Lorgeril Michel de , Rabaeus Mikael
Published: January 2016

A strong controversy has emerged about the reality of safety and efficacy of statins as stated by company-sponsored reports. However, physicians need credible data to make medical decisions, in particular about the benefit/harm balance of any prescription. This study aimed to test the validity of data on the company-sponsored statin trial by comparing them over time and then comparing statins with each other. Around the years 2005/2006, new stricter Regulations were introduced in the conduct and publication of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This would imply that RCTs were less reliable before 2006 than they were later on. To evaluate this, we first reviewed RCTs testing the efficacy of statins versus placebo in preventing cardiovascular complications and published after 2006. Our systematic review thereby identified four major RCTs, all testingrosuvastatin. They unambiguously showed that rosuvastatin is not effective in secondary prevention, while the results are highly debatable in primary prevention. Because of the striking clinical heterogeneity and the inconsistency of the published data in certain RCTs, meta-analysis was not feasible. We then examined the most recent RCTs comparing statins to each other: all showed that no statin is more effective than any other, including rosuvastatin. Furthermore, recent RCTs clearly indicate that intense cholesterol-lowering (including those with statins) does not protect high-risk patients any better than less-intense statin regimens. As for specific patient subgroups, statins appear ineffective in chronic heart failure and chronic kidney failure patients. We also conducted a MEDLINE search to identify all the RCTs testing a statin against a placebo in diabetic patients, and we found that once secondary analyses and subgroup analyses are excluded, statins do not appear to protect diabetics. As for the safety of statin treatment – a major issue for medical doctors – it is quite worrisome to realize that it took 30 years to bring to light the triggering effect of statins on new-onset diabetes, manifestly reflecting a high level of bias in reporting harmful outcomes in commercial trials, as has been admitted by the recent confession of prominent experts in statin treatment. In conclusion, this review strongly suggests that statins are not effective for cardiovascular prevention. The studies published before 2005/2006 were probably flawed, and this concerned in particular the safety issue. A complete reassessment is mandatory. Until then, physicians should be aware that the present claims about the efficacy and safety of statins are not evidence based.
OLHARES E REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CORPO NA CULTURA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Filho Moyses Souza , Galvão de Souza Hunaway Albuquerque
Published: January 2016

RESUMOO presente artigo discute a questão do corpo na atualidade, com uma breve representação do corpo na contemporaneidade, na perspectiva dos fundamentos da antropologia social e da fenomenologia educacional, analisando o descolamento do corpo do próprio ser humano. Discute a emergência e a construção do sujeito numa abordagem crítica sobre o anatomismo corporal. Desse modo, do tergiversado corpo máquina ao corpo virtual, perdemo-nos do que seria a verdadeira essência do ser humano: o corpo em sua natureza e na dimensão cultural do movimento. Reforça-se a discussão, a partir do olhar adolescente dos educandos do 2º ano do ensino médio integrado do curso de informática do IFRN – campus Natal Zona Norte, como princípio pedagógico do conteúdo Ginástica, através das falas resultantes de uma avaliação diagnóstico aplicada aos educandos e educandas.. Na discussão abordada pelo escrito, buscamos compreender como o corpo tem sido visto e tratado como objeto pelo sistema político econômico e científico. A superação desse paradigma limitante, por meio de ações educacionais da Educação Física no ensino médio integrado contextualizadas com os princípios do projeto político institucional, pode contribuir para uma ruptura significativa dos interesses externos à existência plena da corporeidade.
DO PORTO AO PALCO, UM ESTUDO DOS CONCEITOS DE CORPOREIDADE E CORPORALIDADE
Authors: Soares Marta Genu , Kaneko Glaucia Lobato , Gleyse Jacques
Published: January 2016

Este é um estudo de aplicação básica para compreender investigações futuras sobre a acepção de corpo. Constitui-se metodologicamente na relação epistêmica entre os conceitos de corporeidade e corporalidade para analisar o comportamento social frente ao trabalho e ao culto ao corpo a partir de estudos do cotidiano de estivadores do cais do porto e fisiculturistas. Estabelece parâmetros que relacionam os conceitos de corporeidade e corporalidade a partir de teorias do conhecimento, apresentando princípios, conceitos e categorias de análise crítica que tenham como temática o trabalho e corpo saudável.
PROPOSTA EDUCATIVA UTILIZANDO O JOGO RPG MAKER: ESTRATÉGIA DE CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO E DE APRENDIZAGEM DA QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Souza Ticiane Vieira de Paula , Souza Érica Vieira de Paula , Silva Thiago Gomes Nepomuceno da , Silva Daguia de Medeiros , Ribeiro Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho refere-se à utilização do RPG Maker (software educativo) como objeto de aprendizagem (OA) para conscientização e contextualização do ensino de Química, no âmbito do Ensino Médio. A relação entre a Educação Ambiental e o ensino de Química possibilita aos educandos observar as transformações que ocorrem no ambiente melhorando, por conseguinte, sua compreensão dos conteúdos. Visto que é o professor que tem a função de escolher a metodologia que viabilize a reflexão e uma compreensão crítica sobre a realidade em que o aluno está inserido, propõe-se que uma das formas viáveis de trabalhar a Educação Ambiental no ensino de Química é contextualizar os assuntos utilizando um OA, como o software educativo baseado no RPG Maker. Conforme foi visualizado neste trabalho, o uso do OA tornou a aula mais interessante, contextualizada e facilitou a aprendizagem do assunto relacionado à Química Ambiental.
ESCOLA DIFERENCIADA GUARANI: ENTRE O VIVER SEMINAL E O VIVER OCIDENTAL
Authors: Viçosa Raquel Maria de Oliveira , Menezes Ana Luisa Teixeira de
Published: January 2016

A construção das escolas diferenciadas da tradição Guarani tem representado um desafio para suas aldeias no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como para as escolas rurais que acompanham esse processo e as universidades envolvidas. Partindo da observação e convivência com duas aldeias indígenas, a de Estrela Velha e a de Salto do Jacuí (investigando infâncias e educação Guarani), encontramos três escolas: a Escola Estadual Indígena de Ensino Fundamental Guarani, em Salto do Jacuí; a Escola Estadual Indígena de Ensino Fundamental Karaí Tata Endy Vera Claudio Acosta, em Estrela Velha, e profissionais da Escola Itaúba, situada no município de Estrela Velha, na qual possuem 6 estudantes indígenas. As duas primeiras estão sendo construídas nas aldeias e trabalham até o quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental. Enquanto são construídas, as crianças saem para escolas não indígenas. Em ambas as escolas diferenciadas, existem professores indígenas e não indígenas que ensinam principalmente língua Guarani, Português e Matemática, situadas no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesse processo, nas duas aldeias, estão implicados lideranças indígenas, crianças e jovens das aldeias, professores Guarani e não indígenas, diretores da rede Estadual de Educação, Karai1 e KunhãKarai, estudantes e pesquisadores do Mestrado em Educação da Universidade de Santa Cruz – UNISC/RS2 , que juntos desenvolvem uma pesquisa-ação e etnográfica que vem acontecendo desde o início de 2013 de modo compartilhado e negociado através do diálogo e da escuta do que pensamos e queremos como escola diferenciada em cada aldeia Guarani. Apresentaremos as observações e diálogos que emergem do pesquisar conjuntamente e que produziram reflexões teóricas acerca do pensar, do viver seminal e ocidental.
ANÁLISE E GERENCIAMENTO DE REDES USANDO UMA METODOLOGIA PROATIVA COM ZABBIX
Authors: Silva Wanderson Michel , Martins Rodrigo Siqueira , Medeiros Ronaldo Maia
Published: January 2016

Diante do crescimento de empresas que adotam a tecnologia da informação como ferramenta estratégica e de controle, o gerenciamento de redes surge como necessidade em um ambiente que o número de dispositivos de redes aumenta com o decorrer do tempo. Visando a centralização da gerência de redes e o baixo custo para implementação, esse artigo propõe a utilização da ferramenta Zabbix e do protocolo SNMP, não somente para monitoramento e controle, mas para resolução e antecipação de problemas relacionados a equipamentos de rede.
A MULHER E A SOCIEDADE NO ROMANCE JUBIABÁ DE JORGE AMADO
Authors: Santos Maíra Cordeiro , Cavalcante Ilane
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho versará sobre as várias representações da mulher no romance Jubiabá, de Jorge Amado (1976), cujo enredo se insere na sociedade do início do século XX na Bahia. Por meio de uma análise bibliográfica de autores como Perrot (1991; 2005), Buriti (2004), Stearn (2007), Carneiro (2000), Foucault (1986), dentre outros, busca-se entender como são representados os papeis sociais femininos inseridos dentro de uma sociedade marcadamente patriarcalista. A partir de diferentes personagens femininos, Jorge Amado discute sobre as representações da mulher branca de elite, da mulher negra, pobre, refletindo os ditames sociais em relação à maternidade, trabalho e desejo sexual. Com base na análise, pode-se perceber que o autor dá vez a uma classe menos favorecida, retratando os conflitos sociais inerentes às relações entre homens e mulheres. Nesse espaço, a subversão às regras sociais tem importante destaque como reflexão do poder de liberdade da mulher.
AS RELAÇÕES DE PODER EM ESTUDO OBSERVACIONAL
Authors: Mesquita Rafael Fernandes de , Sousa Sâmya Nagle de Oliveira , Matos Fátima Regina Ney
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho objetiva analisar como se desenvolvem as relações de poder no filme “Django Livre” (2013). Assim, atende-se a este objetivo a partir de um estudo observacional, de abordagem metodológica qualitativa, em linguagem fílmica com observador não participante, e caráter teórico-empírico. Toma-se por base, principalmente, a abordagem sobre poder de Weber (1991), Lukes (1980), Foucault (2012) e Hard e Clegg (2001), destacando que as relações sociais estão permeadas por lutas pelo poder, sobretudo a dominação tradicional, o cerceamento e a disciplina. O tema foi escolhido a partir do filme “Django Livre”, em que a escravatura é palco para o estudo das relações de poder naquela sociedade. Considera-se, finalmente, que o poder se manifesta, principalmente, através da tradição e poder econômico. A obediência não era a um estatuto, mas sim pessoal ao senhor. As relações estabelecidas se davam através do costume e que, ao tentar mudar a dinâmica do sistema, Django sofre violência física e a liberdade acontece diante da não mais aceitação daquela situação de disciplina e obediência.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DA LÓGICA TAMBOR-PULMÃO-CORDA EM UMA EMPRESA DA INDÚSTRIA MOVELEIRA
Authors: Luchese Juliane , Bauer Jéssica Mariella , Vargas Andrea , Saueressig Gislaine Gabriele , De Souza Mariane Cásseres , Sellitto Miguel Afonso
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os impactos da implantação do TPC (Tambor-Pulmão-Corda), descrevendo as desvantagens observadas antes desta modificação, bem como os benefícios obtidos após as mudanças. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo de caso único, efetuado em uma empresa pertencente ao polo moveleiro de Bento Gonçalves localizado no Rio Grande do Sul. Entre os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa, evidenciaram-se os processos da empresa, o espaço físico, o transporte de peças entre setores e o sequenciamento da produção, prévios a aplicação da metodologia. Constatou-se que a implantação de um sistema TPC foi essencial para que a melhoria dos processos fosse alcançada.
FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DE CUIDADORES DE IDOSOS ATUANTES EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA
Authors: Silva Irma Lúcia Silveira , Machado Flávia Christiane de Azevedo , Ferreira Maria Ângela Fernandes , Rodrigues Maísa Paulino
Published: January 2016

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e analítico com abordagem quantitativa cujo objetivo foi investigar a formação profissional dos cuidadores atuantes em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs) em Natal/RN no ano de 2014. Para tanto, aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado a 63 cuidadores de nove ILPIs, representando 75% do total de profissionais exercendo atividades nessas instituições. O questionário viabilizou a captação de dados relativos ao perfil socioeconômico e à formação profissional do cuidador. Os dados foram analisados mediante observação das frequências absolutas e relativas e medidas de tendência central das variáveis numéricas. Assim, identificou-se que a maioria dos cuidadores possuía condição socioeconômica desfavorável e não apresentava curso específico para exercer a função de cuidador. Contudo, entre aqueles que realizaram cursos, grande parte relata que os conteúdos abordados durante a formação deram segurança para a práxis do cuidado, embora refiram à necessidade de se capacitar. Os resultados apontam a presença de um baixo nível de capacitação formal para o exercício da ocupação, revelando fragilidades como a ausência de um currículo básico que norteei a formação e a baixa escolaridade requisitada ao exercício dos profissionais.
A HISTÓRIA DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO: UM SOBREVOO ENTRE OS ANOS 1983 E 2007
Authors: Ishii Antonella Bianchi Ferreira
Published: January 2016

Este artigo faz parte da minha pesquisa de doutoramento e trata-se de um breve sobrevoo pelas implementações de políticas públicas para a Educação. Tem o intuito de situar, no tempo, a rede municipal da cidade de São Paulo, bem como de investigar como se deu a organização e o desenvolvimento curricular nas gestões de acordo com os regimes no poder – uma vez que se consideram as políticas curriculares vigentes resultado também de políticas anteriores. Neste artigo, objetiva-se resgatar o significado das alternâncias de poder público para a Educação desde a gestão de Mario Covas, na Prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo, até o final da gestão do Prefeito Gilberto Kassab. Ressalta o contexto histórico de lutas que reflete não apenas empreendimentos políticos, mas também as lutas e os esforços da sociedade civil por seus direitos. Evidenciou-se nesse estudo uma grande oscilação partidária e ideológica da chefia do poder executivo, alterando também proposições e diretrizes curriculares para as escolas da rede municipal da cidade de São Paulo. Nessa breve revisita, evidenciam-se as principais medidas realizadas na área curricular até a elaboração de orientações curriculares para a primeira etapa do ensino fundamental implementadas na rede no ano de 2007.
PNE (PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO) 2014 - 2024: A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO SE FAZ PRESENTE?
Authors: Carvalho Jeferson Luís Marinho de
Published: January 2016

NNo ano de 2014, entrou em vigor o novo Plano Nacional de Educação no Brasil (Lei 13.005/2014) que, dentre diversos pontos resultantes de um amplo debate com vários segmentos da sociedade civil organizada, propõe vinte grandes metas que deverão ser realizadas até o ano de 2024. Dentre essas metas destaca-se a da Gestão Democrática da Educação (Meta 19). Objetiva-se neste trabalho debater sobre a conceituação de gestão educacional e gestão democrática, como alicerces para a construção do entendimento dessa meta, constatando que não há um juízo comum sobre a temática e que muitas dificuldades persistem para a sua consecução em tão pouco tempo (dois anos a partir da entrada em vigor da referida Lei).
O JOGO NA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM RPG PARA TRABALHAR O CONCEITO DE MOEDA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Schimiguel Juliano , Rosetti Jr Hélio , Perini do Amaral Gustavo , Martins Carlos Adriano , Araújo Jr Carlos Fernando
Published: January 2016

As aulas de matemática podem reunir importantes discussões a respeito de finanças, das operações monetárias e dos significados em torno da moeda/dinheiro. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar e refletir sobre a questão do dinheiro e do estudo da moeda, em aulas de matemática, no contexto da sala de aula. Além disso, iremos demonstrar um jogo desenvolvido, construído na plataforma RPG Maker VX, que teve o objetivo de promover a investigação e o debate entre professor e aluno em sala de aula. Como resultados preliminares, identificamos que os alunos manifestaram interesse e sensibilidade a respeito do tema moeda/dinheiro, visto que o trato com a moeda/dinheiro se faz presente no dia a dia dos alunos.