bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacer tiempo. Estrategias críticas del arte en lo político
Authors: Lamadrid Guerrero Geraldine
Published: June 2022

Culp, Edwin. Hacer tiempo. Estrategias críticas del arte en lo político. Colección Textos, Texturas, Textualidades, México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2020, pp. 198. ISBN: 978-607-417-697-1.
 
Remontar reflexivamente a Brecht es el objetivo que plantea el investigador mexicano Edwin Culp en el prólogo de su reciente libro Hacer tiempo. Estrategias críticas del arte en lo político (2020). El autor propone el gesto reflexivo del remontaje a partir de trescategorías que suscitan una comprensión sobre cómo la obra de arte puede abrir espacios de tiempo para que surjan otras formas de percibir e intercambiar sentidos, más allá del producto cultural como mercancía. Si bien Culp no tiene por objetivo ahondar en la condicionalidadde las obras de arte como mercancía en circulación, sí lo menciona, pues resulta imprescindible para situar el problema de las posibles estrategias críticas. Lo que encontramos es el análisis y la discusión sobre las cualidades contenidas en tres ejemplos de creación contemporánea, los cuales resultan bastante atinados al momento de repensar las posibilidades de las ideas de distanciamiento y de remontaje: Optimistic versus Pessimistic, de L´Alakran (2005); Dogville, de Lars von Trier (2003), y Re-enactments, de Francis Alÿs (2000).
Retomando un diálogo: realidad, estrategias poéticas y testigos en Akropolis y La investigación
Authors: Brownell Pamela
Published: June 2022

Este artículo aborda dos obras que, de maneras muy diversas, tocan el tema de los campos de concentración del nazismo: Akropolis (1962), del Teatro Laboratorium, dirigido por Jerzy Grotowski, y La investigación (1965), obra canónica del teatro documental escrita por Peter Weiss. Hablamos de retomar un diálogo porque, en el momento de su recorrido internacional, ambas obras fueron frecuentemente comparadas para señalar dos modos contrapuestos de entender el teatro y de acercarse a la representación de lo irrepresentable. Deseo recuperarlo porque este diálogo es relevante para los debates estéticos y políticos contemporáneos. Además de señalar las profundas diferencias de sus estrategias poéticas y de la concepción de ‘lo real’ que subyace en cada una, nos interesará también marcar aspectos que ambas tienen en común y articular estas reflexiones con las teorizaciones de Giorgio Agamben acerca de la figura del ‘testigo’.
Islam postglobal: reflexión alteracadémica inspirada en el Proyecto Imam Hussein
Authors: Cervera Felipe
Published: June 2022

Este artículo es una reflexión inspirada por mi experiencia investigativa en el marco del Proyecto Imam Hussein 2007-2012. Su argumento busca ofrecer alternativas a los mitos absolutistas de la cultura unitaria de la globalización y de la autenticidad cultural en el contexto de la escolástica del Islam chiíta, mediante la relectura del proceso del Proyecto Imam Hussein como un espacio indefinido y transitorio pero de diálogo estable en el que el material cultural chiíta se ha convertido en un canal de comunicación creativa. Este tipo de espacios son potencialmente útiles para emprender procesos creativos y de investigación que busquen explorar las tendencias críticas y éticas cosmopolitas que suceden en un ambiente postglobalizado. Se describe el proceso emprendido para la realización de una serie de montajes escénicos que tomaron como punto de partida la tradición ta’ziye, una forma de teatro religioso de Irán.
El sueño de Martina: cine hecho a mano, teatro con títeres y electroacústica
Authors: García Santamaría Yoloxóchitl
Published: June 2022

La migración es un acto de supervivencia que implica buscar un ambiente en el que la movilidad de un lugar a otro favorezca las condiciones de vida. Las aves, principalmente, son un ejemplo; con su vuelo llegan a tierras donde el clima, la fauna y demás elementos les permiten sobrevivir. Podemos observar en ellas movimientos cíclicos causados por el cambio de estaciones, vuelos que se convierten en necesidad de su propia naturaleza. Ante las adversidades de la vida, el ser humano adquiere naturaleza de ave cuando se transforma en migrante, cuando abre sus alas y vuela a otras tierras para encontrar su propia subsistencia. Esto, en tanto situación que concierne al diversos seres vivos, es también inquietud de creación dramática.
Teatro y educación: reflexiones en torno al Encuentro de Pedagogía Teatral 2013
Authors: Retes Campesino Juan Claudio
Published: June 2022

La relación entre teatro y educación es sumamente antigua, y en el mundo occidental se remonta a los orígenes de ambos. En la antigua Grecia, el teatro nace ya revestido del carácter moral que lo distinguirá claramente de la épica y la lírica. El mismo aedo, cantor de épicas anterior al advenimiento del teatro, era ya una especie de maestro. En el marco del mayor refinamiento cultural de la Antigüedad, el teatro hereda el sustrato temático y estilístico de la épica y, en menor medida, de la lírica, pero incorpora de inicio ese procedimiento característico de la fábula que consiste en enseñar mediante el ejemplo, y del que deriva una riquísima tradición literaria. En una palabra, y como resultado de su misma naturaleza espaciotemporal, el teatro forma parte de la literatura ejemplar, de ahí que, por más que se recorra su historia de arriba abajo, resulte imposible separarlo de sus cualidades educativas.
Autores
Authors: Del número Colaboradores
Published: June 2022

colaboradores
CIE 250:2022 Spectroradiometric measurement of optical radiation sources
Authors:   CIE TC 2-80
Published: June 2022

This Technical Report provides basic measurement principles and practical guidance on spectroradiometry of optical radiation sources in the ultraviolet, visible and near‑infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2 500 nm. The document primarily deals with spectral measurements of irradiance, radiance, radiant intensity, radiant flux and derivative quantities. The document provides a detailed overview of relevant terminology and basic measurement principles, including those for instrument calibration. It provides practical guidance for identifying, understanding and quantifying relevant measurement uncertainty components. This document replaces CIE 063-1984. Additional details on measurement principles not covered in this document can be found in CIE 214:2014.
Transdermal drug delivery systems: Analysis of adhesion failure
Authors:   Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA, Brooks Zachary , Goswami Tushar ,   Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA, Neidhard-Doll Amy ,   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA, Goswami Tarun ,   Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
Published: June 2022

The most critical component of the TDDS is the adhesive, which is responsible for the safety, efficacy and quality of the patch. For drug delivery to successfully occur, the patch must adhere to the surface of the contact area. If a patch has inadequate adhesion, it is likely to fall off before the entire delivery period has been satisfied, leading to risks for the patient and others who may encounter the patch. Despite the critical concerns associated with the adhesive properties of the patches, the adhesion quality and failure mechanisms have not been fully studied. If certain molecules encounter the adhesive, it may cause irreversible altering of its chemical composition, which could render it unsuitable for transdermal applications. In many cases of TDDS failure, sweat is believed to be a culprit responsible for causing adhesive failure. The goal of this project is to investigate the chemical composition of the adhesive layer of a transdermal patch. The patch sample is a Sandoz Estradiol Transdermal System manufactured by Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., designed to deliver 0.1mg per day and contains 1.56mg of Estradiol USP, the active ingredient. By analyzing the chemical composition of a patch that has not been worn, versus a patch that has been worn, it may be possible to determine the chemical interaction that causes adhesive failure. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy (OPUS FTIR Spectrometer) was performed on an unused estradiol TDDS patch immediately after opening, and again after 24 hours in ambient air to investigate the potential for oxidation. The IR Spectrum was then analyzed, and the peaks were reviewed. The IR Spectra for the sample left out for 24 hours indicated lengthened peaks corresponding to C=O, C-O, and O-H, a decreased transmittance, and a wider bandwidth in those regions. Based on these results, it can be determined that oxidation does occur on a patch sample that is exposed to ambient air. In future works, additional patch samples will be collected and used for an extensive IR and UV analysis. By comparing the IR and UV Spectrum graphs of “used” patches that did not fail, with “failed” patches, it may be possible to identify a cause for premature patch failure related to sweat interactions.
Color Measurement and Color Spaces Analysis for TV Using the (Commission International D’Éclairage) CIE System Evaluation
Authors: Mahmod Riad Mitieb , Hasan Derwish Mohammed , Khalaf Hasan Khamees
Published: June 2022

Color is a perceived phenomenon and not a physical dimension like length ortemperature, although the electromagnetic radiation of the visible wavelength spectrum is measurable as a physical quantity. A suitable form of representation must be found for storing, displaying, and processing color images. This representation must be well suited to the mathematical demands of a color image processing algorithm, to the technical conditions of a camera, printer, or television, and to human color perception as well. These various demands cannot be met equally well simultaneously. For this reason, differing representations are used in color image processing according to the processing goal. Color spaces indicate color coordinate systems in which the image values of a color image are represented. The standard color system, established by the International Lighting Commission CIE (Commission Internationale de I ’Eclairage), will be described. This system represents the international reference system of color measurement. The contribution deals with the Matlab application used for television and color spaces analysis. All of the color spaces can be derived from the RGB information supplied by devices such as cameras and scanners. There is a list of common color spaces. The application allows selection of input color image, direct and backward transformation into the selected space including CIE diagram picture analysis and NTSC system. The additional functions of this research are evaluation of histogram of colors. The Color Spaces application outputs are introduced on various test pictures.
Predicting the Ultimate Load Capacity of R.C. Beams by ANN
Authors: AL – Jurmaa Majid A.
Published: June 2022

The present study deals with the use of artificial neural networks ANN in predicting the ultimate load capacity of reinforced concrete beams. The data is collected from the numerical solution by finite element method of the simply supported beams with various properties, under the action of two point loads, symmetrically with the center. The data were arranged in a format such that input parameters cover the geometrical, reinforcements ratio and properties of beams and the corresponding output is the ultimate (failure) load.Results were compared with the available methods in the literature. It was found that the average ratio of numerical solution (finite element) to predicted failure loads of beams was 1.018 for neural network, and 1.21 for limit state theory. It is clear that neural network provides an efficient alternative method in predicting the ultimate load capacity for R.C. beams.
Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Systems for upgrading Hydraulic Capacity and Settling Characteristics of Activated Sludge Processes
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Qusae , Al-Obaedi Ahmed Yassen
Published: June 2022

In this research an experimental laboratory pilot plant was used to assess the ability of the integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) process to upgrade the hydraulic capacity of the ordinary activated sludge units. The experimental plant consisted of three basins, which were designed to work simultaneously under the same operating conditions. The second and third basins were developed to work on the suggested process by adding a fixed media to these reactors in such way so that the specific area in the second basin was 18.72 m2/m3 and in the third 37.44 m2/m3. The experimental program was divided into five stages so that, the applied discharges in the second, third, fourth and fifth stages were 150%, 200%, 250% and 300% of the discharge in the first stage respectively. The result of the experimental work showed that the (IFAS) process can effectively upgrade the capacity and performance of the ordinary activated sludge process. In the second basin, the discharge was increased to about 125 % of its original value without reduction in the organic removal efficiency while, in the third basin the load increased to 150 % of its original value and also no reduction in the removal efficiency was observed. The settling characteristics of the activated sludge also improved and filamentous growth became very limited.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Semi- Circular Sharp Crested Weirs
Authors: Ghadba Edan I.
Published: June 2022

In this research the hydraulic characteristics of sharp crested weirs with semi- circular shape were studied, the study was depended on the dimensional analysis which confirmed by experimental work. The dimensional analysis results demonstrate that the effective parameters on the discharge of flow over this type of weir are the ratio of water height above the weir crest to the radius of this weir (H/R) and the ratio of water height above the weir crest to the height of the crest (H/P). Experimental tests were carried out on (16) models of weirs with Semi-circle shape where the radius of cutting was change four times (R=5, 10, 15, 20 cm) and for any radius the height of the crest was change four times (P= 30, 25, 20, 15 cm). The results show a great influence of the parameter (H/R) on flow parameter (Q2/gH5) while the effect of the parameter (H/P) is limited. Depending on non-dimensional parameters and experimental results, the statistics program (SPSS) were used to create empirical equation for measuring the discharge over the sharp crested weirs with semi-circular shape. The results of the equation show a very good agreement with the experimental result for determine the discharge with knowing the depth of water over the weir (H) , radius of cutting of the weir (R) and height of the crest (P). Also the equation shows a great influence of the radius (R) and limited influence of the height (P) on the discharge over this type of weirs.
Study of Acid Rain in Tikrit City
Authors: Latef Khaled H.
Published: June 2022

A study of the degree of acidity for the precipitation in four different sites in Tikrit city was done for the period from 1-February to 1-April/2007 which is the period of rains in this year.Chemical tests included (pH) as the direct indicator of the degree of acidity ,and the concentration of sulphates (SO4-2 ) and nitrates ( NO3- ) as indirect indicator.The (pH) range was (5.56-6.4) which indicates the presence of acid rain in the area under study . (SO4-2 ) concentrations range was (88-223)mg/l while ( NO3- ) concentrations range was (80-170)mg/l.The wind velocity ,temperature, and humidity during the sample collection period ranged (2.25-4)m/s, (1-26)0C, (22%-90%) respectively.
Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Radiation in the Internet Halls and Educational Computer Laboratories
Authors: Hasan Ghanim Thiab
Published: June 2022

There are more concerns about possible health effects related to electromagnetic fields from computer monitors and other video display terminals because of the widespread using of computers in laboratories, offices and internet halls. This research aims to detect the effect of electromagnetic field radiations in these halls and laboratories and study the successful ways of minimizing its negative health effect on human health. The research has been performed on both the mathematical calculations and practical measurements. The obtaining results show that the practical measurements are consistent with the mathematical calculations results. Comparison of these results with the safety standard guideline limits shows that they are within the acceptable espousing limits recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and that means there is no health risk from exposure to these fields if the exposure is within the acceptable limits
Study of the Resonance in Series Piping Systems with Oscillating Valve
Authors: Eleiwi Muhammad A.
Published: June 2022

In This search, the phenomena of resonance in series piping systems with oscillating valve have been studied. The one-dimensional flow, unsteady state flow, and partial differential equations have been solved by using transfer matrix method.The details of the transfer matrix method, the derivation of the field matrices and point matrices, and procedures for determining the natural frequencies and frequency response of piping system are then presented. A computer program (Resonance) was developed to calculate the pressure and discharge oscillations at the valve, the phase angle between the pressure head and relative gate opening of the valve, the phase angle between the discharge and the relative gate opening of the valve and the pressure and discharge oscillations at certain sections of the pipes. To verify the transfer matrix method, the results have been compared with impedance method and agreement has been found.
Verification and Generation of Safe Straight Paths for a 4-DOF Spherical Manipulator
Authors: J.T Rawand Ehsan
Published: June 2022

Sometimes in a manufacturing environment, a robotic arm is wanted to move in a straight path such as welding, painting and assembling. This straight path causes the manipulator to actuate all or most of its joints in the same time to track the path. Along this path, the manipulator may reach a specific singular configuration in its workspace at which one or more joints are in their limits, or a part of the path lies outside the workspace. These conditions make the arm’s movement be unsmooth and may cause damage to the manufacturing process. In this paper, the singularities inside the workspace of a 4-DOF spherical manipulator are indicated and a method is presented for finding the arm configurations (assuming that all joints are actuated at the same time) along a straight path between an initial and a goal configurations. All joint limits are presented and if a part of the path lies outside the workspace, the model processes this condition by introducing a new initial configuration through changing the third joint’s (q3) position only. A smooth straight path is generated between any two configurations using the parametric equations of the line connecting them. Unlike the analytical inverse kinematics, which needs a (4 x 4) homogeneous transformations convention matrix (DH) to find the joint variables, this method needs only the initial configuration, goal configuration, link lengths and the corresponding Cartesian coordinates of the path. It always gives the correct solution for the under taken path.
Using of Fine Particle to Improvement of Sludge Dewater Ability
Authors: Ibrahem Abdullah I.
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this study is to compare the performance of three alternative materials used to improve dewatering of sludge produced from secondary settling tank of Mosul medical city wastewater treatment plant; those materials are Kaolin, Limestone and Clay stone.Six dry weight percentages for each alternative are used (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) % from dry weight of sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was used as a criterion to compare the studied materials.Experimental results showed that SRF is 4.1×1012, 5.9×1012, 5.8×1012 m/kg when 8% additional dose were used for each of Kaolin, Limestone and Clay stone respectively, this study showed that the best alternative material studied is kaolin which achieve decreasing efficiency in SRF more than 70%.
Study of Scour Downstream Different Shapes of Culverts
Authors: Al-Hafed Ebrahem A.
Published: June 2022

In this research a laboratory study was carried out to investigate the scour phenomenon in sandy soil beds downstream different shapes of culverts, Four   shapes of culverts such as circular, ellipse, rectangular and square were used. So, a best hydraulic section was used in rectangular and ellipse shapes. The study includes the measurement and comparison of maximum scour depth and length of scour hole downstream these different shapes of culverts. Also, the distribution of soil parts was studied. It was used five discharges for each one of culvert.Laboratory results of this study showed that the minimum depth of scour in the same discharge occurred downstream ellipse culvert and then rectangular culvert and then square culvert and the last circular culvert.
Design of a Doherty Power Amplifier for GSM Systems
Authors: Osman Luhaib Saad Wasmi
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the design and analysis of Doherty power amplifier. The Doherty amplifier is used in a base station for mobile system because of its high efficiency. The class AB power amplifier used in the configuration of the main and auxiliary amplifier. The result obtained shows that the Doherty power amplifier can be used on a wide band spectrum, the amplifier works at 900MHz and has very good power added efficiency (PAE) and gain. The amplifier can also work at 1800MHz at input power greater than 20dBm.
Effect of Climatic Conditions on Durability of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Lime
Authors: Al Kiki Ibrahem M.
Published: June 2022

Durability is one of the most important subjects in the soil stabilization. Since there is no specifications concerned the durability of lime-stabilized soils, several factors were selected to show their effects on the durability, namely: wetting, drying, freezing, thawing and slaking.The effect of each one of the above factors as well as the combined effect of two or more factors were studied on the volume change and soil strength and weight loss of soil samples stabilized with optimum lime content except the slaking test at which soil samples stabilized with different lime content.Tests results showed that the higher the lime content the lower the slaking effect, also its found the soil strength decreased when the period of immersion or freezing increased. The strength of the lime stabilized soils decreased when subjected to the cycles of wetting and drying or to the cycles freezing and thawing. However, the combined effect of wetting, drying, freezing and thawing has a pronounced effect on reduction of the lime stabilized clayey soil. The worst condition recorded when lime stabilized soil undergo to freezing then drying then wetting which should be avoided in the field.
The Overall Drag Losses for A Combination of Bodies
Authors: Al-Janabi Sabah Jebour
Published: June 2022

The objective of this work is to obtain better understanding of the flow over a combination of bluff bodies in close enough proximity to strongly interact with each other. This interaction is often beneficial in that the drag of the overall system is reduced. Proto-types for this problem come from tractor- trailer and missiles, and from various add-on devices designed to reduce their drag. Thus, an experimental investigation was carried out by placing conical frontal bodies having a base diameter of 0.65-cylinder diameter with different vertex angles (30°, 50°, 70°, and 90°). It was found that, the bluffer cone with 90° vertex angle gives the best minimum drag, which is 31% lower than the drag of the isolated cylinder. Also an interesting phenomenon was observed in that, the minimum drags for all combinations are obtained at the same gap ratio (i.e.at g/d2= 0.365).
Improvement the Transmission Efficiency for Wireless Packet Communication Systems using Automatic Control for power and Time Slot Width of Slotted Non persistent ISMA Protocol
Authors: Hardan Saad Meshhen
Published: June 2022

In packed communication systems which use a protocol, the protocol should perform the allocation of channels such that the transmission channel is used efficiently. Efficiency is usually measured in terms of channel throughput and the average transmission  delay. The Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA protocol is one of random access protocols used in packed communication systems. In this research a Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA protocol Model with automatic control for power and time slot is proposed. the suggested algorithm enable the base station(access point) to control  the protocol time slot length and  transmission power in a dynamic way to control the normalized propagation delay d and to maintain all the uplink signals in the limit of captured power threshold (capture ratio) in order to control the  throughput and the average transmission delay of the communication system by an automatic method. the computer simulation results  confirm the activity of the  proposed algorithm for increasing the  throughput and decreasing the average transmission delay by an accepted ratios.
Experimental Study of Free Convection in Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger with Vertical Orientation
Authors: Mohammed Harith Noori
Published: June 2022

An experimental study has been conducted on steady-state natural convection heat transfer from helical coil tubes in vertical orientation. Water was used as a bath liquid without any mixing and cold water was used as a coolant fluid. A straight copper tube of 6 mm ID, 8 mm OD and 3 m length was bend to fabricate the helical coil. Four coils are used in this experiment has different curvature ratios and pitches. The data were correlated using tube diameter as the characteristic length. The results show that the overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number increase when the flow rate of coolant and curvature ratio increase. The effect of coil pitch was investigated and the results show that when of the coil pitch (angle of inclination) increases Nusselt number increase. A correlation was presented to calculate the outside average Nusselt number of coil.
Using SP and SF to Lower Cement Content
Authors: Saleh Yassen A.
Published: June 2022

In the present research, using different percents of superplasticizer (SP) and silica fume (SF) to improve the characteristics of concrete is performed. SP and SF are added to two types of normal concrete, the first is of mixing ratio (1:2:4) and the second is of mixing ratio (1:1.5:3).The results show that adding SF lead to increase compressive strength for first mix by about 45.3% and 47.7% while adding SP lead to increase the compressive strength by about 43% and 41%  compared to reference mix at 7 and 28 day respectively. The corresponding values for second mix are 46.7%, 49%, 44% and 43% respectively.The maximum compressive strength when SP and SF used together can be attained when the percents of SF and SP are 5% and 3% respectively. The increase in compressive strength is about 49.3% and 48.4% for first mix, while the corresponding values for second mix are 52.4% and 51.2% as they compared to reference mix at 7 and 28 day respectively.For Tensile strength, adding SP lead to increase it by about 29.2% and 31.6% for first and second mix respectively, while the corresponding values when adding SF are 38.1% and 40.3%. The effect of using SP and SF together on increase tensile strength is more than the effect of using each one separately. The maximum tensile strength can be attained when the percent of SF and SP are 5% and 3% respectively as they increase the tensile strength by about 38.9% and 40.7% for first and second mix.The effect of using admixtures on cement content can be noted clearly as the maximum reduction percents are about 8.7% and 9.35% for first and second mix respectively when the percent of SP is 3%. The corresponding values are 9.4% and 11.26% when the percent of SF is 5%. Using SP and SF together at percent 3% and 5% respectively lead to reduce cement content by about 10.15% and 13.54% for first and second mix respectively.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Natural Convection Heat Transfer between Two Inclined Concentric Cylinders Filled with Porous Media
Authors: Ali Abeed M.
Published: June 2022

Porous media have considerable importance in improvement of heat transfer and storage. This research includes an experimental and theoretical study of transient and steady state natural convection heat transfer between two inclined concentric cylinders filled with a porous medium, under condition of applying uniform heat flux on the inner cylinder and constant outer surface temperature for the outer cylinder. Glass beads was used as porous medium , the study shows that the heat dissipated ability in the inner cylinder is function of Rayligh number , and the Nusselt number increase is directly proportional with the increase in Rayligh number in the steady state .Fluent program was used to show the heat dissipation and the flow lines inside the gap between the two cylinders in the horizontal and inclined situation, the experimental results show that the nature of the heat distribution depends greatly on Rayligh number, and the angle of inclination of the cylinders. An experimental relationship between Nu&Ra was obtained under the study conditions
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Some Operating Diesel Engine Variables on Emitted Particulate Matters (PM)
Authors: Saleh Adel M
Published: June 2022

The diesel engine is the most efficient prime mover commonly available today. Diesel engines move a large portion of the world’s goods, power much of the world’s equipment, and generate electricity more economically than any other device in their size range. But the diesel is one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution problems worldwide, and will remain so, with large increases expected in vehicle population.This experimental study has been conducted with direct injection diesel engine and particulate matters (PM) concentrations were measured at variable operating variables. The results show that PM concentrations influence by changing equivalence ratio, load, engine speed and injection timing.
Criticizing Review for the Significant Characteristics of the Islamic Urban Fabric
Authors: Yaseen Rashid H , Shaban Awni Kamil , Abdulhameed Mohsin
Published: June 2022

In the beginning of the International Style receding, at the modernism stage breeches, and the post-modern start, in the last quarter of the previous century, when Architects and Thinkers called to return to heritage and historical worth, to obtain the architectural identity, the Architects and Thinkers of Arab and Muslims got back inducing the ancient architectural heritage of towns and buildings, to reveal the Arabic and Islamic identity.The Urban Fabric of these ancient towns was, as a result, one of the most important pedestals of deep-seated characters of the Islamic and Arabic identity, through its organic pattern, co-operative condensed fabric, close bendy lanes, and closed courtyards. But the structural analyses of the ancient urban fabric, in this paper,clarified some facts, the Condense Fabric and the closed courtyards were a synchronic solution of the climatic circumstances, fitting the synchronous technical evolution, the Organic Pattern of the Urban Fabric was a reflection of the absence or weakness of the central authority, that couldn’t make initial planning of towns and sectors.This research approves an Islamic doctrine for urban fabric, deeply different of the current in the previous studies.
An Interactive Human Interface Arm Robot with the Development of Food Aid
Authors: Zaki Nashwan, D.
Published: June 2022

A robotic system for the disabled who needs supports at meal is proposed. A feature of this system is that the robotic aid system can communicate with the operator using the speech recognition and speech synthesis functions. Another feature is that the robotic aid system uses an image processing, and by doing this the system can recognize the environmental situations of the dishes, cups and so on. Due to this image processing function, the operator does not need to specify the position and the posture of the dishes and target objects. Furthermore, combination communication between speech and image processing will enables a friendly man-machine to communicate with each other, since speech and visual information are essential in the human communication.
The Use of Biochemical Processes in Sludge Treatment
Authors: Shahaab Mohammed S.
Published: June 2022

The feasibility of using combination of effective microorganism (EM1) and conventional chemical conditioner was evaluated in this study to assess and discern the dewatering properties of the secondary sludge that produced from wastewater treatment plant of the medical assembly in Mosul city 9Conventional coagulants such as lime, Alum, and ferrous sulfate, six doses for each coagulant type i9e)5 - 30()10 - 60 (and (25 -150mg/l ( respectively, were used in the sludge conditioning processes for enhancement of the sludge dewatering capacity 9The characteristics of conditioned sludge, such as specific resistance of filtration (SRF( were determined at each dose9Experimental results indicated that effective microorganism seeds have a passive effect on SRF value which was about )% 7194(and (%75(in lime and ferrous sulfate respectively9While in Alum conditioning process a significant effect on SRF reduction was accomplished which was about %)-4799( and ( - % 3298( for effective microorganism and Alum dose increments respectively 9The best Alum dosage, for minimum SRF 0998348×10 12 m /kg, was 60 mg/l at 1 % of effective microorganism 9
Effect of Air Pollutants on Rain Water Characteristics in Hammam Al-Aleel District/ Al-Erej Village South of Mosul City
Authors: Qasim Ayad F. , Sabri Rasha K. , Younis Roa’a M.
Published: June 2022

This study focused on Hammam Al-Aleel district/ Al-Erej village which is located south of Mosul city. This area has been suffering from spreading the air-pollutants resulted from the chimneys of Hammam Al-Aleel cement factories. Different areas were chosen for collecting samples of the rain water from December 2008 to March 2009.The study showed that rain-water is generally basic. The tests show an increase in ( EC, Mg+2, Ca+2, Cl-1, SO4-2 and NO-1), due to the air pollutants emitted from local industries. The concentration of heavy elements represented by Pb and Cd were high and this increase is due to the source of these elements from burning of the crude oil which is used in running the rotating kiln to produce the clinker in cement factory, In addition to the fuel used for running vehicle and the friction between tires and road.
Measurement of Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Some Medical Devices
Authors: Faisel Shaker Mahmood
Published: June 2022

New medical devices such as surgery devices, physiotherapy devices, cosmetological devices and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems generate a complex electromagnetic fields, so they consider as a potential hazard for medical personnel during surgical procedures. The aim of this research is to detect the EMFs emitted from medical devices and determine the safety ranges from these devices which emit EMF radiations in order to protect Medical staff from its risks. The research has been performed in two parts, numerical calculation and practical measurement. Practical measurements are done in Dijlah hospital at Tikrit city. Obtaining results shows that the practical measurements are consistent with the mathematical calculation results. Comparison of these results with the safety standard guideline limits shows that they are within the acceptable exposure limits recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and that means there is no health risk from exposure to these fields if the exposure is for a short and not continued periods and lay within the acceptable limits.
Linear and Non-linear Multi-Input Multi-Output Model Predictive Control of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Al-Qaisy Muayad A. Shehab
Published: June 2022

In this article, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear model predictive controller (LMPC) based on state space model and nonlinear model predictive controller based on neural network (NNMPC) are applied on a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The idea is to have a good control system that will be able to give optimal performance, reject high load disturbance, and track set point change. In order to study the performance of the two model predictive controllers, MIMO Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller (PID) strategy is used as benchmark. The LMPC, NNMPC, and PID strategies are used for controlling the residual concentration (CA) and reactor temperature (T). NNMPC control shows a superior performance over the LMPC and PID controllers by presenting a smaller overshoot and shorter settling time.
Thermally Developing Forced Convection in a Horizontal Equilateral Triangular Channel
Authors: Mahdi Manar S. , Tahseen Tahseen A. , Hussein Adnan Mohamed
Published: June 2022

An experimental investigation was carried out to study thermally developing fully developed laminar forced convection in a horizontal equilateral triangular channel where the channel surface was heated uniformly. The channel length was (1.5 m) long and constructed from three plane (100 mm) walls to form the equilateral triangular cross section. The experiments were conducted for three mass flow rates (1.91×10-3, 2.54×10- 3 and 3.03×10-3 kg/s) and four heat fluxes (91, 171, 272 and 406 W/m2). Reynolds number range was (1198  Re 1988). It was found that local Nusselt number increasing as the heat fluxes and the mass flow rate increased. Also it was found that the greatest local Nusselt number value was in the beginning of the channel then it decreased accompanied by growing the thermal boundary layer along the channel. Present experimental results have a good agreement with previous results obtained for similarlyconfigured channels.
An AC Wireless Remote Control System
Authors: Jasim Sabbar Insaif
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to design a multi-job control system for controlling on different job on home or office by using a simple scientific technique. Making more holes on walls of home to connect a wire or control cable for any job does not desired.The research is aiming to design a wireless control system. This control system can send any command to any device in the home or office without making any more holes in walls.This research depends on using the 220 VAC 50 Hz wires, which had been provided in home or office. The frequencies used to control the devices will be carried by the 50 Hz current used in home. These frequencies have been chosen between 30-110 kHz, and we can use (8) channels in this band to prevent interference of commands. The wireless control on the devices will be done by using a PC computer and simple BASIC program. ON-OFF command can be sent by the operator to any device by a transmitter built and interface with that compute.
Influence of Heat Treatments on the Corrosion Resistance of Medium -Carbon Steel using Sulfuric Spring Water
Authors: Basheer Ikhlas A. , Al-Sarag Ghaydaa I. H.
Published: June 2022

The corrosion is one of the important problems that may be occur to the parts of machinery and equipment after manufactured and when used as a result of exposure to corrosive media. Plain-carbon steel is considered as one of the most common minerals used in industrial applications. Some of heat treatments can have direct effect on the corrosion rate of steel by building up galvanic corrosion cells between its microscopic phases. Therefore, to adopt one of kinds of the plain-carbon steel and the most commonly used in industry to be study subject, that is medium carbon steel and took samples of this steel has been treated thermally in three methods which the normalising, annealing, and hardening .The corrosive media used in the research is Sulfuric Spring, it contains many chemical compounds to show its influence on the corrosion of steel. The weight loss method is used to determine corrosion rate and to compare between the results obtained, show that the greatest corrosion resistance of the annealed steel and the corrosion resistance of the hardened steel is the lowest while the corrosion resistance of the normalised steel is in-between them. Calcium carbonate was formed on the metal surface which acts as an isolating layer which decrease corrosion rate with time.
The Effect of Water Absorption on the Creep Behavior for Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Radhi Samira K. , Mohammed Zakariya I.
Published: June 2022

In this investigation, a low cost, mechanically operated creep testing machine capable of determining the deformation property of material is developed for providing an economical means of performing standard creep experiments. Creep tests are performed to study the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of epoxy resin and {unidirectional (θ=0o) and woven fabric (θ=0o, 90o)) E-glass/epoxy composite materials under various environmental effects at room temperature and different values of applied stresses. Tested specimens are immersed in three different solutions {acidic water (HCL), PH=5), (distilled water (H2O), PH=7}, and {Alkaline water (NaOH), PH=10}. The experimental creep data can be fitted with general power time function. This function is modified where the effect of gained moisture content, applied stress and aged time on the creep strain are suggested as variables in the creep strain equation. Results show that the creep strain increased with increasing the (pH) level and increased more with increasing the values of the applied stress. Also, the results show that the alkaline water “NaOH solution” is more effective than other solutions on the composite viscoelastic behavior. The concluded degradation rates are 36%, 57% and 62.633% for epoxy, woven fabric composite (Mat) (θ= 0o,90o), and unidirectional composite (θ= 0o), respectively. The developed equation gives an appropriate criterion for describing long time creep strain.
Behavior of the Discharge Coefficient for the Overflow Characteristics of Oblique Circular Weirs
Authors: Al Babely Emad Abdul Gabbar
Published: June 2022

This paper presents an experimental study and analysis for effect of the geometrical characteristics, of the oblique cylindrical weir on discharge coefficient, wherefrom three sizes used for the weir and two angles for the deviation.From the results, it was found that the coefficient of discharge is affected by geometrical characteristics represented by radius of the weir and the angle of inclination with the wall of the channel. It was noticed that the increase in the radius of the weir lead to a low discharge coefficient of the cylindrical weir. And found that discharge coefficient of the oblique weir is higher than the discharge coefficient of the normal weir. And the value of discharge coefficient is directly proportional with the weir inclination.
The Effect of Use the Silica Sand on Some Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Hellal Nahla N. , Al-Dullayme Majeed M. , Abdulla Assel H.
Published: June 2022

This research includes study the effects of use the silica sand at different rates and comparison some characteristics with other concrete mixture contains ordinary sand to investigate the effect on some mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, density absorption and flexural strength after (3, 7, 14 and 28) days for four mixtures. , the ordinary sand was replaced by the (Silica Sand) at different rates ( 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Sodium Silicate solution at percentage of cement ratio(water tocement ratio is decreased on same ratio) added to the Ideal silica sand mixture to study the effect of addition of some additives on concrete. The study showed that the best results of mixture was when replaced (75%) of the ordinary sand by silica sand , then study some mechanical properties of mixtures such as compressive strength, density absorption and flexural strength after (3, 7, 14 and 28) days .The study showed the optimum percentage of sodium silicate was (1.75%). The study showed that the best result of Density was (2493Kg/m3) after (28) days, and the increment ratio in Density was (2.95%), and the large value in compressive strength was (85.76 MPa) which was (42.9%) after (28) days. The study showed also that the best results of absorption were (0.77) after (28) days, and the decrement ratio in Absorption was (33.8%). The study showed that the best result of flexural strength was (8.02 MPa) after (28) days, and the maximum increment ratio in Flexural Strength was (150.6%) after (28) days.
Evaluation of Alton Kobry Region Ground Water for Civil Uses
Authors: Khalefa Raffeq A. , Lattef Najwa M. , Jassim Salahdeen N. Y. , Wally Kamirran A.
Published: June 2022

This study has been performed at the Alton-Kobry region to indicate the suitability of the ground water which is important source for domestic uses.The samples taken from (19) wells at different locations and tested at laboratories of north gas company in Nov.-2010.The tests included (electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH-value, concentration of some anions) were all conducted for each sample.The results revealed that surveyed ground water were free from pollution and almost suitable for domestic use.Some investigated parameters appeared to be near the recommended limits set by Iraqi standards, while others exceed the recommended values that the chemical treatments are necessary.
Parallel Bidirectional Port for a Soft-core Microprocessor Designing a System
Authors: Khalil Mazin Rejab , Ibrahem Aseel Thamer
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces a technique to design an bits bidirectional port to be connected with soft core microblaze processor system that is configurable on Spartan 3E slice. A soft core processor system with peripheral is designed using embedded design technique with integrated software environment (ISE tool) supplied by Xilinx. An interrupt system controller is added to the designed system to control the incoming interrupt signal to promote the interrupt service routine to deal with incoming data. The system performance is tested by sending and transmitting packets of data from and to a MatLab program using the P.C parallel port.
Effect of Recycle Ratio and Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of Extended Aeration Activated Sludge
Authors: Alabdraba Waleed M. Sh. , Hazaa Masood Mihsen
Published: June 2022

Three laboratory scale units are designed and constructed in order to perform the present work. These units are capable of working under different hydraulic retention time (HRT) (16-32hrs), recycle ratio (0.25–1.5), and temperature (20 -35 ̊C). The results show that BOD5, COD, NO3-1, PO4-3 removal is increased with increasing HRT and recycle ratio under different temperatures. The maximum removal efficiency of COD and BOD5 is 97.16 % and 97.99 % respectively under 24 hrs retention time, 1.5 recycle ratio and 20 ̊C. However, the maximum removal efficiency of NO3-1 (83 %) was obtained under the same mentioned condition except temperature which was 35 ̊C. The maximum removal efficiency of PO4-3 (76.59 %) is obtained at 32hrs HRT, 1.25 recycle ratio, and 20 ̊C. It is obvious from the results of the present work that BOD5, COD, and NO3-1 removal increased with increasing temperature while; PO4-3 removal is decreased with increasing temperature.