bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant Use and Cereal Cultivation Inferred from Integrated Archaeobotanical Analysis of an Ottoman Age Moat Sequence (Szigetvár, Hungary)
Authors: Torma Andrea , Náfrádi Katalin , Gulyás Sándor , Sümegi Pál
Published: April 2024

Suleiman the Magnificent died during the siege of Szigetvár in 1566, close to the battlefield in Turbék Vineyard Hill site, Hungary. On the place of his death, a memorial place was established with a tomb, a mosque, a monastery, and a deep moat system north of the building complex. After its destruction, the memorial place was covered with demolished material and soil. This significant site was re-identified and excavated during the archaeological, historical, and geoarchaeological research work that started in 2015. As a result of the correlative evaluation of previously published sedimentological and chronological data, the filling of the moat accumulated during the seventeenth century. Our goal was the natural and anthropogenic vegetation reconstruction of the adjacent region of the memorial place and the plant utilization of the community living there. During the analyses, more than 30,000 plant remains were identified belonging to 77 taxa. The results gave indications for ploughed lands, vegetable and fruit cultivation, vineyards, pasture lands, forest patches, and trampled areas related to active human activity. The lithostratigraphic and geochronological results of the moat sequence coincide well with our carpological and anthracological data.
Radionuclides in marine sediment
Authors: Sakellariadou Fani
Published: April 2024

Most contaminants in the sea originate from land sources. Radionuclides in sea water are transported by sea currents. Marine sediment is a physical trap for pollutants that are introduced to the environment and play an important role in radiological studies. Radionuclides from seawater bound to particulates sink to the seabed. Their resuspension causes the reintroduction of pollutants to the water column. Remobilization and horizontal/vertical transport by various processes may occur. Long-lived radionuclides become buried in sub-surface sediment. Grain size sediment classification and sediment geochemical composition all play a significant role in the development of the radionuclide content of marine sediment. Atmospheric fallout from the Chernobyl and the Fukushima accidents, atmospheric nuclear weapon testing, releases from nuclear industry plants, river runoff, and to a lesser extent directed and submarine groundwater discharges are the major sources of radionuclides in the marine environment.
Production of green hydrogen through PEM water electrolysis
Authors: Gouws Shawn , Mackay Jason
Published: April 2024

The need for abundant, sustainable, and clean energy is becoming increasingly important in the modern world due to continuous population growth and industrial expansion. Hydrogen (H2) has been identified as a potential energy carrier due to its high gravimetric energy density. Because H2 is not frequently found in its molecular form, it has to be obtained through various methods such as steam methane reforming, coal gasification, fossil fuels, and electrochemical techniques. H2 produced via PEMWE has proved to be an efficient method compared to other electrolysers. The limiting factor of a PEM electrolyser system is the OER catalyst. Commercially, IrO2 and RuO2 are used; however, both these metals are rare and expensive. Current research reports the use of binary metal oxides as an alternative OER catalyst to decrease the overall CAPEX costs. Various synthesis methods are available, with the Adams’ fusion method being the simplest. Characterisation techniques used to evaluate the performance of these catalysts include cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scan voltammetry (LSV), XRD, XRF, SEM/EDS, and chronopotentiometry. Hydrogen as a clean fuel has a broad potential for use across all sectors, including transportation, residential, and industrial. In recent years, extensive research has been done on all aspects of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. This review paper aims to study other bimetallic metals to reduce the Ir content used as an oxidative evolution reaction to reduce the capital cost of the PEM electrolyser. To produce green hydrogen that could reduce the carbon footprint in several industrial processes.
Production of oil palm mesocarp fiber-based hydrogel using selected cross-linking acids
Authors: Teh Soek Sin , Lau Harrison Lik Nang , Mah Siau Hui
Published: April 2024

Over the years, studies showed that hydrogels can be produced through synthetic route to overcome the limitations in obtaining natural-based hydrogels. Biomass resources offer potential alternatives as renewable feedstocks due to their outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. Oil palm mesocarp fiber (MF) is the biomass residue obtained after the pressing of palm fruits during palm oil extraction. There is approximately 11 % MF generated from palm fruits after oil extraction. However, the applications of MF are limited. This study aimed to investigate the development of hydrogels from holocellulose MF instead of commonly used cellulose which involving several pretreatment steps, through acid cross-linkers. Holocellulose MF was selected as polymer for chemical cross-linking with two inexpensive and nontoxic hydrophilic organic acids, citric acid and acetic acid for hydrogel production. Comparison study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties, and degree of swelling, as well as gel content in different media for both acids in the production of hydrogel from holocellulose MF. Results indicated that the optimum concentrations of citric acid and acetic acid for gel content and degree of swelling were 5 M and 2 M, respectively. Both optimized hydrogels exhibited comparable profiles in terms of morphology, thermal stability and functional groups, in addition to showing similar degree of swelling profile in different media, i.e., salt solution, acidic, neutral to alkaline, implying their distinctive characteristics. In summary, holocellulose MF is suitable for the production of hydrogel with citric acid and acetic acid as crosslinkers for different desired applications.
Bridging Information Gaps: Public Sector Intervention in Tourism Promotion during Crises – A Game Theory Approach
Authors: Fedeli Giancarlo , Tavares Jean Max , Kumail Tafazal
Published: April 2024

The present study applies Game Theory to study public investment at tourist destinations to determine the ‘best action’ for tourist destinations in competitive scenarios. This study proves that the higher the probability that the public sector of the destination will invest in tourism promotion, the greater the expected financial benefits for the destination. Furthermore, the research results show that the higher the probability of tourists traveling to the destination, the greater the expected financial return for the Destination’s Public Sector (DPS) investing. Notably, the findings prove the positive impact of reducing information asymmetry between tourists and destinations. Results from applying Game Theory to the tourist industry show that spending on advertising may be motivated by more than just increasing visitor numbers. Finally, this article’s main contribution is offering a theoretical-mathematical framework applicable to any tourist destination.
Conductas de riesgo asociadas al manejo de plaguicidas químicos por parte de agricultores del norte de Sinaloa, México
Authors: Arciniega Galaviz Marco Arturo , Fontalvo-Buelvas Juan Camilo
Published: April 2024

The predominant agriculture in the state of Sinaloa is conventional agriculture, which implies intensive use of pesticides and exposure of many farmers to harmful chemicals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify those risk behaviors in farmers from northern Sinaloa, Mexico when handling pesticides. Surveys were conducted with farmers from the populations located in Irrigation District 075, including 40 questions related to occupational health and personal hygiene practices. Results show that the majority of farmers (86%) know the health risks to which they are exposed by inadequate handling of pesticides. However, due to economic constraints and lack of knowledge and inspection by authorities, they do not use adequate personal protective equipment and their hygiene practices are inadequate. Consequently, it is essential to develop strategic plans to reduce the risk of intoxication by agrochemicals in rural communities, considering their direct impact on the environment.
On a Certain Lithuanian Purpose Clause Construction
Authors: Holvoet Axel
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the use of the Lithuanian anteriority converb in -us in a certain type of purpose clauses whose implicit subject is coreferential with the (often also implicit) main clause subject or agent (as in kad veltui neišmetus pinigų ‘in order not to throw money away’). The article offers a historical account for its rise based on internal reconstruction. It is argued that the anteriority converb was introduced as a pseudo-conditional strategy used to avoid a factive reading in constructions with evaluative predicates (as in gerai būtų suradus... = gerai būtų, jeigu surastume... ‘it would be a good thing if we found…’). From evaluative constructions the converb then spread to optative clauses with kad tik ‘if only’ (gerai būtų suradus ‘it would be a good thing to find…’ → kad tik suradus... ‘if only one could find…’). Apart from a semantic shift (from evaluative to desiderative/deontic) this also involved a process of syntactic insubordination. In a subsequent process of resubordination, constructions with the anteriority converb finally came to function as adverbial purpose clauses. In the final part of the article it is argued that the negative view prescriptivist sources take of purpose clauses with the anteriority converb might be up for a revision.
Developing a precise gross motor skills assessment instrument for elementary school students (ages 7-9)
Authors: Wibowo Cahyo , Dese Dennys Christovel , Nopiyanto Yahya Eko
Published: April 2024

Background and Study Aim. The assessment instrument for gross motor skills in physical education is crucial in developing fundamental motor skills in elementary school students. This research aims to formulate an assessment tool for gross motor skills tailored to students aged 7-9, aligning with their specific characteristics.
Material and Methods. This study adopts a research and development approach utilizing the 4D development procedure (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). It involves the validation process by five experts in motor skills and physical education, comprising faculty members from five distinct universities. The trial subjects encompass 310 elementary school students aged 7-9, while the instrument's effectiveness is evaluated by 35 individuals, including physical education teachers and students. Statistical analyses encompass content validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability using Cronbach's alpha, and descriptive percentage analysis.
Results. This research has produced a gross motor skills assessment instrument comprising 11 movement components: sit and stand up, rolling, one-leg stand, gallop, slide, jump, bouncing a ball, catching, throwing, kicking, and hitting. The content validity result is 1>0.763, criterion validity (rxy) > 0.304, Cronbach's alpha value for all items > 0.60, and the average perception assessment of instrument effectiveness > 93%, falling into the category of extremely high.
Conclusions. The assessment instrument demonstrates high validity and reliability, effectively addressing the challenges associated with the need for assessments tailored to the evaluated subject's characteristics, objectives, and relevance. An easily comprehensible instrument, coupled with language accessibility, yields positive outcomes for physical education teachers in the assessment process.
Influence of dancesport on segmental coordination development in 6-8-year-old children
Authors: Chilom Diana , Potop Vladimir , Mihaila Ion , Mihaiu Costinel , Mihai Ilie , Mancini Nicola , Grosu Vlad Teodor , Mateescu Adriana
Published: April 2024

Background and Study Aim. Dancesport significantly contributes to segmental coordination development in 6-8-year-old children through rhythmic movements and interaction with dance partner. The study aimed to investigate the impact of dancesport on segmental coordination development in children aged 6 to 8.
Material and Methods. The study involved a group of 14 children aged 6 to 8 from the National Children's Palace in Bucharest. Research was conducted from February to June 2023. Segmental coordination assessment for upper limbs was done using Witty SEM, with 16 impulses of the smart semaphores (Lap L1-16) at 4 difficulty levels. Parameters measured: visual reaction time for each Lap (seconds), Lap mean (seconds), and total time (seconds). During the study period, a program with dancesport elements (Standard and Latino styles) was implemented for 36 hours, 2 hours per week. Comparative analysis between difficulty levels was done using ANOVA test, Single Factor Analysis of Variance, and Paired Comparison for Means. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results. Comparative analysis between difficulty levels in the initial and final tests reveals an increase in Lap mean from L1-2 (24.5%) in the final test to L2-3 (53.8%) and L3-4 (24.6%) in the initial test. Comparing the average results of difficulty levels between tests, a decrease in visual reaction time by 0.04 seconds at L1, an increase by 0.03 seconds at L2, a decrease by 0.08 seconds at L3, and a decrease by 0.19 seconds at L4 were observed. Comparative analysis results of segmental coordination between tests at each difficulty level show significant differences of 5.6% (p<0.05) and 22.2% (p<0.01). Negative differences, indicating better performance between tests, are also observed at L1 by 33.3%, at L2 by 55.5%, at L3 by 38.9%, and at L4 by 27.8%.
Conclusions. The study results reveal a significant increase in difficulty level among 6-8-year-old children, emphasizing the positive influence of dancesport elements on segmental coordination development. Comparative analysis of visual segmental reaction across different difficulty levels highlighted significant differences. Superior performances observed at lower difficulty levels comparing initial with final tests indicate an improvement in segmental coordination abilities.
Discourse-related code-switching in conversations with a bilingual autistic adult
Authors: Angulo-Jiménez Henry , DeThorne Laura
Published: April 2024

Background: Although studies on language alternation among non-autistic bilinguals have increased in the last decades, we know little about this linguistic behavior among autistic bilinguals. Research on this topic is particularly relevant, given its potential to further our understanding of the ability of autistic bilinguals to deploy language alternation discursively and orient to different aspects of ongoing conversation. Method: We used multimodal conversation analysis to analyze 237 instances of language alternation embedded in naturalistic conversations between a bilingual autistic adult with severe language impairment and his frequent co-interactants. Specifically, 157 of those language alternative instances served conversational functions (e.g., setting off quotes, contextualizing addressee change, highlighting repair execution, adding emphasis) and were therefore associated with discourse-related code-switching. Discussion/conclusion: The study's findings highlight the need for the different stakeholders to critically ponder their assumptions about the ability of autistic individuals to become bilingual; to resist a tendency to default to monolingualism in the presence of an autism diagnosis; and to (re)consider their beliefs about the nature of language alternation.
Effect of Kinesio Taping Application on Exercise-induced Muscle Damage: A Mini Review
Authors: Lee Dae-Yeon , Kim Jooyoung
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of kinesio taping on exercise-induced muscle damage and provide guidelines for field application.METHODS To review the literature, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library using keywords including “kinesio taping,” “exercise-induced muscle damage,” “eccentric muscle contraction,” “delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).”RESULTS Previous studies have shown that kinesio taping effectively reduces exercise-induced muscle damage (particularly DOMS). The ‘convolutions’ characteristics of kinesio taping are assumed to be the primary contributor to these results. Some mechanical or neurological mechanism may also exert a substantial effect. For field applications, the application period, tension, and type of KT interventions should be considered.CONCLUSIONS Kinesio taping may be a useful tool to promote recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Some aspects of kinesio-taping and its therapeutic mechanisms require further study.
Creating a New Border Culture in the Midst of the Climate Crisis: Activism and Pedagogy Strategies for Teacher Preparation
Authors:   Texas A&M International University, Gill Punit
Published: April 2024

This paper documents the efforts of an activist group that came to teach about activist efforts, climate change/climate justice/climate crisis issues, and to create leaders in one border community. The leaders of this three-day workshop are a part of an activist organization named SOMOS Sunrise, the Latine constituency of the Sunrise movement. In this paper, I will analyze the climate change workshop training days and components of the workshops. Secondly, this paper will document a climate cohort education group conducted with undergraduate students and pre-service teachers the following summer. This climate cohort helped articulate art activism and public speaking opportunities to advocate for change with the city council. The implications for teacher preparation programs and strategies to situate situate climate activism as a tool to reimagine border culture within the climate change/climate crisis will be discussed.
Children’s participation in the public space: proposals for thinking about children’s right to the territory
Authors: Silva Ana Sofia , Fernandes Natália , Silva Cidália Ferreira
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT This paper results from a participatory research with children in public spaces. The research, guided by a framework based on the Sociology of Childhood and the Urban Studies, offers an interdisciplinary dialogue that considers childhood as a generational category of its own worth, constituted by children as social actors with the ‘right to a voice’, recognizing that they have particular modes of communication, relationship and cultures (Dornelles; Fernandes, 2015; Sarmento, 2003; 2008). From the Sociology of Childhood’s perspective, the concept of ‘city’ is widely used when discussing children’s participation, even if such actions do not always take place in the context of the city. It is the case of the space where our research took place, as it seemed to us that the word “city” did not took into consideration the characteristics of the space under analysis. There are several authors in the field of Urbanism who have been questioning the concept of ‘city’, proposing some reflections about it and bringing to the discussion alternative definitions. Likewise, we advocate the importance of using the concept of ‘territory’ instead of ‘city’, in order to be more accurate and to safeguard the participation of all children, regardless of the context in which they live, helping to overcome their geographical/social invisibility.
Influence of boundary conditions on initiation of gas blowout in permeable rock
Authors: Trimonova Mariia A , Shpak Polina M , Turuntaev Sergey B , Tairova Aliya A , Belyakov Georgiy V , Yudochkin Nikita A
Published: April 2024

Free gas in permafrost may originate from dissociating methane hydrates that are widespread in the Arctic region. Methane can migrate through sand–clay permafrost and accumulate there, particularly in sand beds. Gas migration is often accompanied by the formation of pressurised zones. As the pressure reaches some critical value, the overburden breaks down, and methane is released explosively with formation of craters on the seabed. In this paper, gas migration is simulated in two dimensions, with implications for the conditions under which an increased gas flow rate can lead to failure of granular rocks, as well as for the place of blowout initiation depending on boundary conditions. The paper shows that the location of sediment blowouts in the presence of an impermeable lid or obstacle differs from the location of blowouts without them. The paper also shows that the type of pressure source (homogeneous or heterogeneous) also affects the location of the blowout initiation. The numerical results are in good agreement with laboratory experiments carried out in a sandy medium at a Hele-Shaw cell and with field data. The presented results should be taken into account when estimating the after-effects of methane hydrate dissociation due to global warming or due to surface condition changes.
Fossil insects of the Middle Triassic Gayndah Formation of south-eastern Queensland
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Lambkin Kevin
Published: April 2024

The Middle Triassic (Anisian) Gayndah Formation is the northernmost unit of the Early–Middle Triassic Esk Basin of south-eastern Queensland. Fossil insects were discovered in the formation in 1962 and 90 specimens have been collected since then. Of those, the 80 specimens identifiable to Order level are mainly Hemiptera (39%) and Coleoptera (36%), with much fewer Odonata s.l., Plecoptera, Neuroptera, Mecoptera and Trichoptera, and single specimens of Blattodea, Reculida, Titanoptera and ? Orthoptera. The dominance of Hemiptera and Coleoptera is likely due to the durability of their tegmina and elytra during sedimentary transport and deposition, rather than an indication of faunal composition. Faunal elements identified to family or lower level are: Reculida: Shurabia australis Rasnitsyn, 1982 (Geinitziidae); Plecoptera: ? Gondwanoperlidium spp. (Euxenoperlidae); Hemiptera: Tennentsia evansi Lambkin, 2015, Dysmorphoptiloides ellisi Lambkin, 2015, Mesonirvana dougsmithi sp. nov. (Dysmorphoptilidae), Mesoscytina woodsi Lambkin, 2016 (Scytinopteridae), Hylicellidae; Neuroptera: Riekchotes reticulatus gen. et sp. nov. (Ithonidae), Lithosmylidia baronne Lambkin, 1988, Lithosmylidia sp. (Archeosmylidae), Gayndahpsychops carsburgi Lambkin, 2014 (Osmylopsychopidae); Mecoptera: Mesoses gayndah Lambkin, 2014 (Mesopsychidae), Mesochorista sp. (Permochoristidae); Trichoptera: Prorhyacophila colliveri Riek, 1955 (Prorhyacophilidae). The fauna is a typical Triassic transitional one that has commonalities with the more extensively sampled and species-rich faunas of the Queensland Late Triassic insect localities at Denmark Hill, Dinmore and Mount Crosby. Exceptions are a hindwing base ascribed to the Titanoptera, an order known in Australia only from the Middle Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone of New South Wales, and the forewing of Riekchotes reticulatus, the earliest and only Triassic record of the neuropteran family Ithonidae.
Die Königsteiner Empfehlung – Empfehlung für die Begutachtung der Lärmschwerhörigkeit – BK-Nr. 2301
Authors:   Institut für Begutachtung, Leipzig, Meister Eberhard F. , Brusis Tilman ,   Institut für Begutachtung, Köln
Published: April 2024

Die Begutachtung der Lärmschwerhörigkeit (BK 2301) richtet sich nach der Königsteiner Empfehlung (KE), deren 1. Auflage 1974 als Königsteiner Merkblatt (KM) erschien. Mit nachfolgenden fünf Aktualisierungen wurde es zur anerkannten Grundlage für eine sachgerechte, angemessene Bewertung dieser Berufskrankheit. Das KM war das allererste Merkblatt für die Begutachtung einer Berufskrankheit (BK), erlangte eine Leitwirkung für die Entwicklung anderer Merkblätter und wurde in der sozialversicherungsrechtlichen Begutachtungspraxis unentbehrlich.
Die berufliche Lärmschwerhörigkeit aus beratungsärztlicher Sicht
Authors:   HNO-Gemeinschaftspraxis, Aachen, Alberty Jürgen
Published: April 2024

Beratungsärztinnen und -ärzte unterstützen die Verwaltung der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungen und stellen den für die Bewertung von Unfallfolgen und Berufskrankheiten erforderlichen medizinischen Sachverstand zur Verfügung. Anders als bei medizinischen Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern, deren Funktion im Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) VII explizit beschrieben wird, besteht in der Regel eine vertragliche Bindung zum Versicherungsträger. Beratungsärztliche Stellungnahmen erfolgen auf Auftrag und werden nachfolgend aktenkundig, so dass die erforderliche Transparenz des Verfahrens gewahrt bleibt. Die ärztliche Beratung erfolgt nach Aktenlage.
Akute Gehörschäden in der Arbeitswelt und im Wehrbereich
Authors:   BundeswehrZentralkrankenhaus Koblenz, Klinik für HNO, KHC und Kommunikationsstörungen, Schmidt Sandra
Published: April 2024

Bei extrem hohen Lärmpegeln kann es sowohl in der Arbeitswelt als auch im Wehrbereich zu akuten Gehörschäden kommen. In der Arbeitswelt handelt es sich definitionsgemäß um einen Arbeitsunfall, im militärischen Bereich um eine Wehrdienstbeschädigung. Zur Unterscheidung zwischen Knall- und Explosionstrauma ist sowohl das Zeit- als auch das Frequenzspektrum zu betrachten. Frauen und Männer der Bundeswehr, der Polizei oder anderer Berufsgruppen können je nach Einsatz zum Teil enormen Schalldruckpegelspitzen ausgesetzt sein.
Кристаллохимические, минералогические и геохимические особенности доломитов авзянской свиты среднего рифея (Южный Урал)
Authors: Ахмедова Регина Равил кизи , Мичурин Сергей Васильевич , Шиянова Евгения Олеговна , Сергеева Нина Дмитриевна , Шарипова Айсылу Азатовна
Published: April 2024

Введение: Определены кристаллохимические характеристики и причины их вариаций в слабо- и сильноизмененных эпигенетическими процессами доломитах авзянской свиты среднего рифея Башкирского мегантиклинория. Методы: Рентгенография, рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ, электронная микроскопия с энергодисперсионным микроанализом. Результаты и обсуждения: В доломитах авзянской свиты фиксируются повышенные параметры кристаллической решетки (аср=4.8105 Å, сср=16.0211 Å) и пониженные значения субструктурного рефлекса (Кср=0.66) по сравнению со стехиометрическими доломитами. Средние содержания Fe (II) равны 4545 г/т, Mn – 423 г/т, Sr – 124 г/т. Увеличение параметров кристаллической решетки доломитов авзянской свиты прямо коррелирует с ростом содержаний Fe и Mn, а значения субструктурного рефлекса имеют с ними обратную связь. В породах всех изученных разрезов обнаружено присутствие двух генераций доломита и кальцита. Образование кальцит-доломитовых прожилков происходило при температурах 260–530°С и давлениях 0.3–2.3 кбар. В доломитах разных подсвит средние значения параметров кристаллической решетки а и с уменьшаются от ранне- (катаскинская подсвита) к позднеавзянским (тюльменская подсвита). В этом же направлении увеличиваются средние значения коэффициента К упорядочения структуры доломитов. Заключение: Доломиты разных стратиграфических уровней авзянской свиты подвержены интенсивным эпигенетическим преобразованиям, обусловленным воздействием на породы Fe- и Mn-содержащих средне- и высокотемпературных флюидов. Изменение кристаллохимических характеристик доломитов авзянской свиты связаны не столько с процессами регионального метаморфизма, сколько с деятельностью постмагматических (разрезы у с. Веселовка и на р. Тюльмень) и катагенетических (разрезы у д. Исламбаево и на р. Б. Авзян) флюидов, циркуляция которых происходила по зонам разрывных нарушений.
The Effects of Resistance Training Interventions on Weight, Body Mass Index, Body Fat Percentage, and Flexibility in College Students: A Comparison Between Sports and Non-Sports Students
Authors: Pamungkas Gallant , Rismayanthi Cerika , Nasrulloh Ahmad , Arjuna Fatkurahman
Published: April 2024

Background. Resistance training is an effective form of exercise that promotes healthy body weight regulation and enhances flexibility. However, discrepancies exist regarding the varying impacts of resistance training based on individuals’ training status across different fitness components, such as body composition and flexibility. Objectives. The primary objective of this study is to assess whether there are significant differences in the outcomes of resistance training responses between trained and untrained groups concerning body composition and flexibility. Materials and methods.  This experimental resistance training study involved 60 male students (age = 20.83 ± 0.85 years old) from the same university. The participants were divided into two groups based on their training status: a trained group (S; n = 30) and an untrained group (NS; n = 30). Both groups underwent an identical training regimen, consisting of three sessions per week over a total of four weeks or 12 training sessions. Results. Significant differences were observed in the paired sample T-test analysis between pre-test and post-test results in the untrained group for body weight (t (29) = 7.940, p < 0.001, d = 1.45), body mass index (t (29) = 7.579, p < 0.001, d = 1.38), body fat percentage (t (29) = 9.733, p < 0.001, d = 1.77), and sit-and-reach flexibility (t (29) = -7.714, p < 0.001, d = -1.40). Similarly, the trained group showed significant changes in body weight (t (29) = 2.644, p = 0.013, d = 0.483), body fat (t (29) = 2.561, p = 0.016, d = 0.351), and flexibility (t (29) = -2.543, p = 0.017, d = 0.351), while no substantial difference was found in body mass index (t (29) = 1.925, p = 0.064, d = -0.464). Conclusion. The study found that using resistance training protocols targeting weight reduction with 60-70% of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM) over a one-month intervention period, without stringent calorie restriction, significantly decreased weight and BMI while enhancing flexibility. Notably, regardless of training status disparities, the untrained group demonstrated more expressed improvements compared to the trained group, indicating the influence of training status on response variations to training stimuli.
Combined RNAscope and immunohistochemistry labeling of fresh mouse midbrain tissue v1
Authors: S Conrad William
Published: April 2024

Here we describe labeling coronal sections of mouse substantia nigra (SNc) and ventral tegmental area(VTA) for the gene Slc17a6 (VGLUT2) and virally-expressed histone-tagged GFP.
Nutrición en busca de su historia, desafíos actuales y reflexiones críticas
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Alzate Yepes Teresita
Published: April 2024

Nos complace presentarles el presente número de nuestra revista, que abarca una amplia gama de temas relacionados con la nutrición, la alimentación y la salud. En este número, hemos reunido una selección de artículos que ofrecen una visión panorámica de la nutrición a lo largo de la historia, así como investigaciones contemporáneas sobre la gestión de alérgenos alimentarios, la calidad de las harinas de trigo en Paraguay, el estado nutricional de personas con VIH en Argentina y los posibles efectos de la suplementación con HMB (beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato) en la hipertrofia muscular. También reflexionamos de manera crítica sobre la alimentación contemporánea y los discursos que la rodean. Para animar y contextualizar la lectura, adelantamos la perspectiva de cada uno de los artículos.
Adecuación del contenido de micronutrientes en harinas de trigo con hierro y vitaminas en Paraguay durante el periodo 2015-2019
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (INAN), González Cañete Natalia Elizabeth , Acosta Escobar José Manuel María ,   Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (INAN), Galeano Miers Marcelo Javier ,   Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (INAN), Morínigo Isla Geraldine Montserrat ,   Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (INAN), Bonzi Arévalos Marcia Carolina ,   Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (INAN), Ovelar Fernández Elsi Carolina ,   Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (INAN)
Published: April 2024

Antecedentes: la deficiencia de micronutrientes, sobre todo de hierro, es uno de los principales problemas de nutrición a nivel mundial. Objetivo: evaluar la adecuación del contenido de micronutrientes (hierro y vitaminas del complejo B) en muestras de harina de empresas elaboradoras y fraccionadoras de Paraguay, y determinar las diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de micronutrientes en el periodo 2015-2019. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y longitudinal. Fueron recolectadas 540 muestras de harina. El método de ensayo para cuantificar las vitaminas hidrosolubles fue la cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia. El hierro se determinó mediante el método AOAC985.35. Resultados: se obtuvieron muestras de 10 regiones: el 87,2 % fue tomado de plantas o molinos elaboradores; el 98,1 %, de harinas de tipo 000 (n=498). Los micronutrientes que presentaron con mayor frecuencia concentraciones adecuadas fueron el hierro y la niacina, mientras que el ácido fólico presentó las concentraciones menos adecuadas. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de micronutrientes a lo largo del periodo mencionado. Conclusiones: se requiere continuar con el monitoreo a fin de garantizar la adecuación a la legislación vigente, sobre todo en cuanto a las concentraciones insuficientes o por encima del percentil 90.
Assessment of feasibility of using COMSOL software for modeling thermalhydraulic processes in WWER reactors
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Gorbynov V.A. , Fomichev D.O. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Masev A.R. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Kraynov E.V. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: April 2024

Thermophysical modeling software packages are widely used for modeling various thermohydraulic processes including modeling nuclear reactor fuel element. Verification of such calculations is possible only if we compare the results obtained in different packages (cross-verification) due to the extreme complexity or impossibility to carry out analytical calculations or experiments. It seems relevant to carry out cross-verification of calculations of WWER reactor fuel elements in COMSOL Multiphysics software package using another popular ANSYS software package. Models of fuel elements for the analysis of thermohydraulic processes are developed using thermophysical modeling packages ANSYS Fluent and COMSOL Multiphysics for cross-verification of calculation results in the latter. Modeling of temperature fields is carried out based on the heat conduction equation with an internal heat source. The authors have considered several formulations of problems: with fuel element cladding and without it and the central hole in the fuel. Models of fuel elements of the WWER-1000 reactor have been designed for three formulations of problems with different designs in ANSYS Fluent and COMSOL Multiphysics software packages. Temperature fields have been determined using the finite element method. The results of the calculations of the fuel core maximum temperature are presented and compared for two software packages. The maximum relative deviation of the temperatures obtained is 0,97 %. A comparison of the temperature calculations results obtained using models developed in two packages shows that the relative deviation of the values corresponds to the error of the measuring instruments. It confirms that COMSOL Multiphysics can be successfully used to simulate processes in WWER reactors along with ANSYS Fluent.
Development and research of an approach to signal processing of digital instrument current and voltage transformers
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Lebedev V.D. , Grigorev D.G. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: April 2024

During the development of secondary systems of stations and substations, including relay protection, automation, control, electricity metering, etc., qualitative changes have recently occurred due to the introduction of digital technologies. The introduction of digital technologies is supported by innovative development programs such as “Digital Transformation 2030”. The introduction of digital technologies is associated with the use of digital data transmission channels according to uniform standards. Projects of “digital substations” are being actively implemented with the transmission of digital information at all levels, including the primary equipment, the transmission of information both from current and voltage measuring transformers, and from switching devices. Currently, digital instrument transformers are actively being developed and implemented, in which information about measured currents and voltages is presented in digital code. New approaches to measure primary currents and voltages, and transmit information pose new challenges, and open prospects for improving signal processing methods used for relay protection purposes. Thus, the relevant aim of the study is the development and research of approaches to digital processing of signals of digital instrument current and voltage transformers. To solve the problems posed within the framework of this study, analytical and numerical solution methods have been used. Numerical methods are applied using software products such as MathCAD and the Python programming language to generate signals and display them on graphs. To substantiate the reliability, verification of the results obtained by different methods is carried out. The authors have formulated an approach to digital processing of signals obtained using current sensors of a digital instrument transformer. The authors have studied the approach to determine synchronized current vector values by processing information received from primary current converters. The characteristics of the algorithm for obtaining a vector have been analyzed and the dependences of errors on the influence of distorting factors have been plotted. The proposed approach is a development of the existing approach to obtain a vector by getting information from current sensors operating on different physical principles. The results show the advantages of the proposed method. The proposed digital signal processing algorithm is more technically expensive since it contains at least two metrologically calibrated measuring channels instead of one. However, all other things being equal, it allows to increase the accuracy and speed of the digital processing algorithms taken as a prototype. The results obtained can be used to formulate algorithms for measuring relay protection devices.
Development and research of a simulation model of a multi-chamber arrester for lightning protection cable
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Melnikova O.S. , Chikaleva A.M. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Vorobyov S.V. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: April 2024

Optical fiber overhead ground wire (OPGW) is an effective solution for laying mainline digital communications along high-voltage power lines. It allows you to use the existing infrastructure of the power grid and ensure the transfer of a large amount of data. The flow of lightning currents and short-circuit currents can cause a violation of the thermal resistance of the fiber and a deterioration of its performance. When the OPGW is insulated through an insulator shunted by a spark gap, during operation it is possible to change the distance in the discharge gap due to the displacement of the electrodes in the plane. Also, when the short circuit location is close, multiple overlaps will occur and as a result, short circuit current will flow through the OPGW. Thus, the article considers the possibility to use a device with a multielectrode system developed on the principle of a multichamber spark gap as a replacement of the spark gap to increase the reliability of the unit with an isolated OPGW suspension. Modeling of the device has been carried out in the ANSYS Maxwell software package, the mathematical apparatus of which is based on the use of Maxwell's differential equations and the finite element method, which allows performing numerical modeling with sufficiently high accuracy. A simulation model of a multichamber spark gap has been developed in the ANSYS Maxwell software package and calculations of electrical characteristics have been performed. For the electrode system of a multi-chamber arrester, an uneven distribution of the applied voltage across the spark discharge gaps of the chambers is determined. It is shown that when a voltage is applied to a spark gap, the highest electric field strength occurs between the first and second electrodes, and then a cascade of discharge gaps occurs, which provides the required low discharge voltages of the spark gap as a whole. The developed simplified simulation model of a multi-chamber arrester has shown all the necessary conditions for cascade imaging of the voltage distribution and the electric-field strength of various electrode options. Based on the research conducted electrodes geometry is identified for smart prototype development and ongoing multi-chamber arrester research.
Matrix modeling and condition diagnostics of high pressure regenerative heaters
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Zhukov V.P. , Ledukhovsky G.V. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Bubnov K.N. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Shuvalov S.I. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Kuznetsov M.A. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: April 2024

Increasing the efficiency of heat exchangers is a promising area of energy saving, which is one of the priority areas of the development of science, engineering, and technology in the Russian Federation. Improvement of heat and mass transfer in regenerative heaters and condensers of turbine units of thermal power plants can significantly increase the operating efficiency of power equipment. Diagnostics of the condition and improvement of operating modes of the high-pressure regenerative heater which are an integral part of regenerative heating systems for feedwater of turbine units, are urgent scientific and practical tasks. To develop a model of a high-pressure regenerative heater, the methodology of matrix formalization of the description of heat and mass transfer processes has been used. To solve problems of diagnosing the state of heating surfaces of heat exchange equipment, mathematical programming methods have been applied. Within the framework of the matrix formalization methodology, an approach to modeling and solving diagnostic problems of multi-stage heat exchangers considering the phase transition in coolants has been developed. The sensitivity of the resulting model to input signals has been studied. Solutions of the problem of diagnosing the state of a high-pressure regenerative heater have been obtained and analyzed. Analysis of the obtained calculated results has shown an adequate description using the model of the real heat exchange process for the analyzed heater and the possibility to use the proposed model for monitoring and operational diagnostics of power equipment. The proposed approach allows us to formulate and solve inverse problems of diagnosing the state of equipment of heat exchange installations for various purposes.
Audio-as-Data Tools: Replicating Computational Data Processing
Authors: Lukito Josephine , Greenfield Jason , Yang Yunkang , Dahlke Ross , Brown Megan A. , Lewis Rebecca , Chen Bin
Published: April 2024

The rise of audio-as-data in social science research accentuates a fundamental challenge: establishing reproducible and reliable methodologies to guide this emerging area of study. In this study, we focus on the reproducibility of audio-as-data preparation methods in computational communication research and evaluate the accuracy of popular audio-as-data tools. We analyze automated transcription and computational phonology tools applied to 200 episodes of conservative talk shows hosted by Rush Limbaugh and Alex Jones. Our findings reveal that the tools we tested are highly accurate. However, despite different transcription and audio signal processing tools yield similar results, subtle yet significant variations could impact the findings’ reproducibility. Specifically, we find that discrepancies in automated transcriptions and auditory features such as pitch and intensity underscore the need for meticulous reproduction of data preparation procedures. These insights into the variability introduced by different tools stress the importance of detailed methodological reporting and consistent processing techniques to ensure the replicability of research outcomes. Our study contributes to the broader discourse on replicability and reproducibility by highlighting the nuances of audio data preparation and advocating for more transparent and standardized practices in this area.
TRADE OF MAKHNIVKA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine, Hubytskyy Lyubomyr
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the study of the history of trade in Makhnivka city in the first half of the 19th century is caused by the need to identify trends in city’s development in the era of transition from traditional to industrial society. The purpose of the article is to identify the place of trade in the social progress of the provincial city. The methodological basis for achieving the stated purpose has been the principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, methods of analysis of historical sources, comparative-historical method, functional method. Materials from the funds of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in in Kyiv, the State Archives of Kyiv Region have been the source base of the study. As a result of the study of historical sources, it has been revealed that city-forming, entrepreneurial, construction initiatives of Count P. Potosky, which took place at the end of the 18th century, kept Makhnivka an industrial center until the early 1840s. It has been determined that the transfer of Makhnivka to the management by Count’s creditors led to the parcelling of the city’s industrial complex. The situation for the sale of industrial goods improved due to the intervention of the state which sometimes ordered, for example, to provide Guards Uhlans of His Highness the Crown Prince Konstantin Pavlovich regiment with stuff and clothes before the campaign against Napoleon in 1805. Trade remained a professional activity of merchants, although conducted by burghers, nobles, free people, peasants, domestics. The suppliers of the whole range of food products were the peasants of the surrounding villages, the intermediary functions were taken over by merchants and some burghers. Makhnivka became one of the cities where a new stratum of the population, for which trade became a profession, appeared – peasants who trade. The profitability of intermediation transactions decreased due to the naturalness of the city economy in the field of hospitality. For decades, city officials and burghers had appealed to the central government to pay for troop posts. The number of merchants throughout the city grew, outpacing the growth rate of the urban population.