bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the Natural Language Processing System Medical Named Entity Recognition-Japanese to Analyze Pharmaceutical Care Records: Natural Language Processing Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ohno Yukiko , Kato Riri , Ishikawa Haruki , Nishiyama Tomohiro , Isawa Minae , Mochizuki Mayumi , Aramaki Eiji , Aomori Tohru
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Large language models have propelled recent advances in artificial intelligence technology, facilitating the extraction of medical information from unstructured data such as medical records. Although named entity recognition (NER) is used to extract data from physicians’ records, it has yet to be widely applied to pharmaceutical care records.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of automatic extraction of the information regarding patients’ diseases and symptoms from pharmaceutical care records. The verification was performed using Medical Named Entity Recognition-Japanese (MedNER-J), a Japanese disease-extraction system designed for physicians’ records.

METHODS

MedNER-J was applied to subjective, objective, assessment, and plan data from the care records of 49 patients who received cefazolin sodium injection at Keio University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. The performance of MedNER-J was evaluated in terms of precision, recall, and F1-score.

RESULTS

The F1-scores of NER for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan data were 0.46, 0.70, 0.76, and 0.35, respectively. In NER and positive-negative classification, the F1-scores were 0.28, 0.39, 0.64, and 0.077, respectively. The F1-scores of NER for objective (0.70) and assessment data (0.76) were higher than those for subjective and plan data, which supported the superiority of NER performance for objective and assessment data. This might be because objective and assessment data contained many technical terms, similar to the training data for MedNER-J. Meanwhile, the F1-score of NER and positive-negative classification was high for assessment data alone (F1-score=0.64), which was attributed to the similarity of its description format and contents to those of the training data.

CONCLUSIONS

MedNER-J successfully read pharmaceutical care records and showed the best performance for assessment data. However, challenges remain in analyzing records other than assessment data. Therefore, it will be necessary to reinforce the training data for subjective data in order to apply the system to pharmaceutical care records.
The Intent of ChatGPT Usage and its Robustness in Medical Proficiency Exams: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Chaiban Tatiana , Nahle Zeinab , Assi Ghaith , Cherfane Michele
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Since it was first launched, ChatGPT, a Large Language Model, has been widely used across different disciplines, particularly the medical field.

OBJECTIVE

The main aim of this review is to thoroughly assess the performance of ChatGPT in subspecialty written medical proficiency exams and comparing its distinct versions

METHODS

Distinct online databases were searched for appropriate articles that fit the intended objectives of the study: PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A group of reviewers was assembled in order to create an appropriate methodological framework for articles to be included.

RESULTS

16 articles were adopted for this review that assessed the performance of different ChatGPT versions across different subspecialty written examinations such as surgical subspecialties, and other subspecialties including neurology, orthopedics, trauma and orthopedics, core cardiology, family medicine, and dermatology. The studies reported a distinct accuracy rate, ranging from 35.8% to 91%, across different datasets and subspecialties.

CONCLUSIONS

This review indicates that ChatGPT can be used to enhance learning, provide customized feedback, and support medical students taking a range of medical subspecialty exams. However, to avoid exploitation and any detrimental effects on the real world of medicine, it is crucial to improve the ongoing evaluation of this AI tool.
Toward Clinical Generative AI: Conceptual Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Garbarino Sergio
Published: January 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Clinical decision-making is a crucial aspect of health care, involving the balanced integration of scientific evidence, clinical judgment, ethical considerations, and patient involvement. This process is dynamic and multifaceted, relying on clinicians’ knowledge, experience, and intuitive understanding to achieve optimal patient outcomes through informed, evidence-based choices. The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) presents a revolutionary opportunity in clinical decision-making. AI’s advanced data analysis and pattern recognition capabilities can significantly enhance the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, processing vast medical data to identify patterns, tailor treatments, predict disease progression, and aid in proactive patient management. However, the incorporation of AI into clinical decision-making raises concerns regarding the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated insights. To address these concerns, 11 “verification paradigms” are proposed in this paper, with each paradigm being a unique method to verify the evidence-based nature of AI in clinical decision-making. This paper also frames the concept of “clinically explainable, fair, and responsible, clinician-, expert-, and patient-in-the-loop AI.” This model focuses on ensuring AI’s comprehensibility, collaborative nature, and ethical grounding, advocating for AI to serve as an augmentative tool, with its decision-making processes being transparent and understandable to clinicians and patients. The integration of AI should enhance, not replace, the clinician’s judgment and should involve continuous learning and adaptation based on real-world outcomes and ethical and legal compliance. In conclusion, while generative AI holds immense promise in enhancing clinical decision-making, it is essential to ensure that it produces evidence-based, reliable, and impactful knowledge. Using the outlined paradigms and approaches can help the medical and patient communities harness AI’s potential while maintaining high patient care standards.
Nursing Regulation Literature in Canada: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Chiu Patrick , Leslie Kathleen , Kung Janice Y
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Significant reforms are occurring in health practitioner regulation across Canada. Within the nursing profession, growing workforce challenges and health system demands have accelerated the pace of changes to nursing regulation policies and practices. There is significant political investment to modernize and harmonize nursing regulation across Canada, and evidence is needed to guide regulatory decision-making. To better understand the current state of scholarship and the gaps that exist, a comprehensive understanding of the available literature informing nursing regulation in Canada is first warranted.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this scoping review is to examine the nature, extent, and range of literature focused on nursing regulation in Canada.

METHODS

The review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. We will search electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. We will also search for grey literature using the websites of Canadian nursing regulatory bodies, nursing organizations, and other leading Canadian regulatory organizations. No limitations will be placed on the year of publication. The review will include papers that explore nursing regulation in Canada, including topics such as education program accreditation or approval, licensure, standards of practice and code of conduct/ethics development and enforcement, continuing competence, discipline and conduct, regulatory models, governance, and reform. We will extract data using a predeveloped tool. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis.

RESULTS

A preliminary search in Ovid MEDLINE was undertaken on December 7, 2023, and a full search was conducted in 5 academic databases on March 15, 2024. Findings will be presented using evidence tables and a narrative summary. Reporting will follow the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. This scoping review is expected to be completed in early 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

The results will be disseminated through conference presentations and a publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will provide a comprehensive overview of the state of nursing regulation literature across Canada and inform the development of a focused research agenda.

CLINICALTRIAL

Open Science Framework osf.io/3qk8t; https://osf.io/bm7jv

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/56163
An Introduction to the OutSMART Cancer Serious Game: Current and Future Directions (Preprint)
Authors: Abraham Olufunmilola , McCarthy Tyler J
Published: January 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Given that cancer is a challenging disease that plagues millions of individuals of all age groups and socioeconomic statuses globally, developmentally appropriate education is often lacking for young people, particularly adolescents. Increasing cancer awareness and prevention education among adolescents using innovative strategies, such as game-based learning, is critical in reducing the burden of this disease. Adolescents are understudied in the field of cancer prevention and control, yet vulnerable as they tackle creating life-long health behavior patterns. Targeting cancer prevention education for adolescents has the potential to support long-term healthy behavior and reduce their risk of cancer. This paper provides an overview of the Collaborative Research on MEdication use and family health (CRoME) Lab’s novel game-based cancer prevention education tool. OutSMART Cancer is an innovative, novel educational intervention in the form of a serious game. Serious games are educational tools that seek to impart knowledge and improve behaviors in their players. This game covers information related to breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. This viewpoint is a summary of the developmental process for the OutSMART Cancer game. We describe in detail the work preceding initial game development, the current version of the game, future directions for the game, and its educational potential. The long-term goal of OutSMART Cancer is to improve cancer awareness and knowledge regarding prevention behaviors in adolescents and support a lifetime of health and wellness.
Pathophysiological features of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (a literature review and own observations)
Authors: Urbanovych A.M. , Vereshchynska A.P.
Published: January 2024

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic di­sease that causes disorders of all types of metabolism. Currently, there is an increasing prevalence of not only DM, but also its serious complications. One of the common chronic complications of DM is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). As of today, it is also known about the effect of DM on other endocrine organs, in particular thyroid gland. Thyroid dysfunction in combination with type 2 DM and DKD are interrelated conditions. In the literature review, the causes, theories of development, stages, course, and criteria for making a diagnosis of DKD are highlighted, probable mechanisms for the development of phenotypes are described. The impact of pathophysio­logical mechanisms of metabolic and secretory disorders on thyroid function has been demonstrated. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to search for literature data. The purpose of the study is to investigate the frequency and prevalence of phenoty­pic forms of DKD and the thyroid functional state. Materials and methods. We have analyzed the data of 1,874 patients with type 2 DM who were receiving inpatient treatment at the Lviv Regional Clinical Diagnostic Center, branch of the Center for Endocrinolo­gical Population Health, in 2022 and the first three quarters of 2023. Among them, 56 % were women, 44 % were men. The average age of the patients was 56.1 ± 8.2 years. The frequency and prevalence of phenotypic forms of DKD, the thyroid functional state in such patients were studied. Results. The share of patients with confirmed DKD was 26 % (n = 487). According to the results of the studies, DKD develops by a phenotype of non-albuminuric renal dysfunction in 288 patients (59 %), by an albuminuric phenotype — in 192 cases (39.6 %), and as a progressive decrease in kidney function — in 7 patients (1.4 %). Non-albuminuric renal dysfunction phenotype was 1.5 times more frequent than albuminuric one. Thyroid dysfunction was diagnosed in 166 patients with DKD (34 %). The obtained data confirm the greater prevalence of hypothyroidism as compared to hyperthyroidism in patients with DKD. This allows us to suspect that the structural and functional changes in the kidneys in type 2 DM, which lead to a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidneys, may be independent of albuminuria. Conclusions. The presence of DKD, regardless of the stage of DM and phenotype, has a direct and indirect effect on the regulation and functioning of the thyroid gland. In turn, adequate production of thyroid hormones is necessary for a balanced metabolism, energy homeostasis and renoprotection. The presence of thyroid dysfunction can be a cause of unsatisfactory control of diabetes and lead to the development of complications.
Como mestrandos escrevem as seções de considerações finais nas áreas de linguística e políticas públicas
Authors: Barbosa de Sousa Cíntia Maria , Mourão da Rocha Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever, comparativamente, como os mestrandos das áreas de Linguística e Políticas Públicas agem retoricamente quando escrevem a seção de Considerações Finais da dissertação de mestrado. Tem-se como embasamento teórico-metodológico a perspectiva de análise de gêneros sob o viés Sociorretórico, com autores como Swales (1990, 2009, 2016), com os conceitos de gênero, propósito comunicativo e o modelo CARS; Hyland (2015, 2018) com discussões sobre cultura disciplinar. O corpus é composto por 10 dissertações de Linguística e 10 dissertações de Políticas Públicas realizadas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras e no Programa de Pós-graduação em Políticas Públicas, ambos da Universidade Federal do Piauí. A pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem mista, quantitativa e qualitativa. A análise revelou que os mestrandos em Linguística realizaram 11 passos retóricos para a escrita da seção Considerações Finais, enquanto da área de Políticas Públicas realizaram 9 passos. Desses, 7 passos foram comuns às duas áreas, revelando estratégias retóricas convencionais, mas os demais são particulares a cada cultura disciplinar. Conclui-se que as áreas de Linguística e Políticas Públicas buscam sintetizar ao leitor as informações mais relevantes que a dissertação revela, mas aquela preocupa-se com a construção da imagem de um autor solidário com o leitor, que indica o modo como a pesquisa deve ser interpretada. Já os escritores de Políticas Públicas buscam demonstrar a sua voz nesta seção, apresentando as implicações acadêmicas e sociais de sua pesquisa.
Análise de produções textuais multimodais de divulgação científica das ciências da linguagem
Authors: Braz Bruna Oliveira , Cristovão Vera Lúcia Lopes
Published: January 2024

A Divulgação Científica (DC) tem crescido desde o incentivo à educação científica até as necessidades promovidas por acontecimentos como a pandemia. Nas Ciências da Linguagem, essa tendência também pode ser observada. Neste artigo, objetivamos apresentar um modelo didático do gênero roteiro de episódio de conteúdo reaproveitado (repurposed content) para podcast de DC. Tais exemplares foram produzidos por integrantes do Laboratório Integrado de Letramentos Acadêmico-Científicos para seu canal de DC, nomeado “Colmeia Linguística”. Para atingirmos o objetivo proposto, nos fundamentamos teoricamente no Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo ao analisarmos as dimensões contextuais e textuais-discursivas dos roteiros de seis episódios produzidos. Discorremos sobre nossos resultados quanto: i) à definição do gênero; ii) seus parâmetros contextuais; iii) seus conteúdos; iv) sua estrutura global; e v) seus recursos linguageiros recorrentes, discutindo a relação entre características apontadas em outras pesquisas e as nossas produções de DC. As análises evidenciaram que os roteiros dos episódios do “Colmeia Linguística” possuem estrutura narrativa clara, com introdução, desenvolvimento e conclusão, além de estratégias para chamar a atenção do ouvinte e uso de elementos sonoros e modulações vocais para criar atmosfera e ênfase em certas partes do conteúdo.
Das análises de gêneros textuais/discursivos às propostas didáticas
Authors: Alves Filho Francisco , Pereira Daniervelin , Abreu-Tardelli Lilia
Published: January 2024

Este dossiê Das análises de gêneros textuais/discursivos às propostas didáticas apresenta como temática geral os gêneros textuais/ discursivos em sua relação também com aplicações didáticas, sendo composto por oito artigos, uma entrevista e uma resenha. As análises de gêneros textuais/discursivos têm colaborado para as pesquisas em linguística aplicada tanto em relação às reflexões e avanços teórico-metodológicos de análises como em relação a avanços em propostas didáticas e formativas. Dessa forma, este volume se propõe a reunir artigos em relação ao gênero textual/discursivo enquanto objeto de análise, assim como enquanto ferramenta didático-pedagógica de ensino
Los estudios trans en México
Authors: Guerrero Mc Manus Siobhan , Muñoz Contreras Leah
Published: January 2024

Los estudios trans son un campo de estudios interdisciplinarios e interseccionales enfocado en la experiencia, la identidad y la cultura de las personas trans*, no binarias y de género no conforme. Hablamos de personas trans* —con asterisco— para aludir no únicamente a la comunidad de personas transexuales, transgénero y travesti, sino también a toda otra vivencia que cuestione las lógicas binarias y esencializadas de los sistemas de género tradicionales; esto incluye tanto identidades y subjetividades occidentales y occidentalizadas, por un lado, como identidades y subjetividades ajenas a las lógicas coloniales de la nomenclatura médica que suele emplearse para nombrar a la diversidad genérica.
Una crítica transfeminista al deliberacionismo incondicionado en ciencia y política
Authors: Guerrero Mc Manus Siobhan
Published: January 2024

En los últimos años ha habido un aumento en la visibilidad del colectivo trans. Si bien esta ganancia en visibilidad ha permitido un mayor reconocimiento de los problemas que sufre esta colectividad, ello también ha generado desencuentros en la esfera pública entre los activismos trans y posiciones trans-escépticas o trans-excluyentes. Estas controversias han dado lugar a fuertes rupturas comunicacionales entre ambos sectores. Es en este contexto donde la deliberación ha sido invocada como el único mecanismo capaz de manejar y resolver este conjunto de controversias. Sin embargo, algunos de los partidarios de la deliberación han prestado insuficiente atención a las asimetrías subyacentes a estos desencuentros, lo cual ha llevado a sostener lo que aquí se caracteriza como un deliberacionismo incondicionado. Mi objetivo en el presente artículo consiste en mostrar bajo qué escenarios puede ser exitoso un ejercicio deliberativo. Como se verá, el estado actual de la discusión no es ideal para un ejercicio de este tipo; si nuestra intención es apostar por la argumentación, resulta necesario combatir la marginalización que sufre la población trans para evitar que el ejercicio deliberativo colapse en un mero simulacro.
Teen Titans: reflexiones sobre la co-facilitación en línea de un grupo entre pares de adolescencias trans* durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Cruz Gutiérrez Dani Damián , Flores Jason Josef
Published: January 2024

En el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en México, las poblaciones trans* enfrentamos adversidades que afectaron nuestras condiciones de vida. En relación con las adolescencias trans*, el confinamiento redujo sus interacciones sociales positivas con respecto a su identidad, lo cual incrementó su búsqueda de espacios en línea donde ampliar sus redes de apoyo. Como co-facilitadores del grupo entre pares para adolescencias y juventudes trans* llamado Teen Titans, hicimos uso de plataformas en línea para continuar nuestra labor a través de la virtualidad. En este artículo, describimos las vivencias que fueron comunes para les integrantes del grupo durante la pandemia, así como los aprendizajes y adversidades que enfrentamos como co-facilitadores, al tiempo que situamos algunas elaboraciones sobre las prácticas de cuidado que sostenemos las personas trans* a través de redes de solidaridad y de apoyo mutuo.
Evaluación de impacto ambiental por aerogeneradores en Arriaga, Chiapas
Authors: Sánchez Trujillo Mario Alejandro , Orantes Alborez S. Jordán , Palacios Gallegos Manuel de Jesús , Bastiani Gómez José , Rioja Paradela Tamara , Carrillo Reyes Arturo
Published: January 2024

Ante los efectos del cambio climático y el nivel de producción mundial de petróleo, la energía eólica es la opción renovable más vendida para reducir los gases de efecto invernadero. Sin embargo, está demostrado que las instalaciones de energía eólica tienen un impacto en la mortalidad de pájaros, murciélagos y en la pérdida del hábitat de algunas especies. Este documento presenta los resultados de una investigación que evaluó la perturbación de los aerogeneradores del Parque Eólico San Jacinto, en Arriaga, Chiapas, priorizando sus efectos por ruido y sombra en la avifauna, y explicando la relación de la mortalidad de especies con tales factores. Se monitoreó la cantidad de pájaros, así como la emisión de ruido y proyección de sombra de los dispositivos. Mediante análisis se determinaron cuáles son los daños ecológicos, dejando pendientes los temas de implementación, innovación y desarrollo de tecnologías amigables con el contexto. Se implementó, asimismo, un monitoreo de aves en las cercanías del parque eólico, así como en locaciones con similar vegetación, pero alejadas del parque, al ser esta la manera más adecuada para poder identificar especies de aves que vuelan dentro y fuera del parque, se confirmó la existencia de los daños ocasionados por esta tecnología, y, posteriormente, se realizó una comparación de los dos lugares de monitoreo para con ello poder obtener resultados más precisos en la investigación.
Jóvenes hacia la intervención en el fenómeno del embarazo temprano en Yucatán, México. Notas desde un proyecto de Buenas Prácticas
Authors: Rubio Herrera Amada
Published: January 2024

El embarazo temprano es un fenómeno de salud pública con matices específicos cuando acontece en contextos rurales. En Yucatán, se han desplegado estrategias institucionales para su erradicación en población infantil y prevención en adolescentes. En este artículo realizo un análisis que surge desde las voces de jóvenes universitarias vinculadas con un proyecto institucional, y de sus experiencias en la tarea de intervenir hacia la prevención del embarazo temprano mediante réplicas de talleres conceptuales dirigidas a estudiantes de educación secundaria procedentes de contextos rurales. Esta vivencia fue importante para las jóvenes porque, entre otros puntos, las llevó a conocer, cuestionar y reflexionar sus propias ideas acerca del embarazo a edad temprana, pero como suele suceder en las intervenciones institucionales, la estrategia tuvo limitaciones para observar su trascendencia en las capacitadoras y en la población de estudiantes a quienes dirigieron las acciones.
Lenguaje geométrico arquitectónico de Dzibilchaltún, Yucatán: conceptos mesoamericanos y griegos, paralelismos sobre el universo y el ser humano
Authors: Ruiz Ortiz Víctor Hugo
Published: January 2024

Este artículo explica, a través de la hermenéutica geométrica arquitectónica, los paralelismos existentes entre los conceptos mesoamericanos sobre el hombre y el Universo, y los conceptos griegos sobre el origen del Universo, la naturaleza humana y la estructura de la materia a través del diálogo Timeo, escrito por Platón, y considerado el más influyente en toda la filosofía y ciencia occidentales. En la arquitectura y textos mesoamericanos, en su organicidad de las formas con la cual reflejan la formación del cosmos, el Universo como un todo armonioso y ordenado está concebido en términos geométricos, matemáticos y relaciones numéricas, las cuales podemos comprender a través de la hermenéutica del lenguaje geométrico arquitectónico. El análisis provee un nuevo dato sobre las relaciones entre la arquitectura y la escritura pictográfica como lenguaje universal, representando conceptos abstractos para la comprensión de símbolos y atributos de personajes, naturaleza y objetos simbolizados como un todo en el que signo, sentido y significado son un sistema de comunicación estructurado para expresar o simbolizar en términos matemáticos y relaciones numéricas, la indivisible unidad en la dualidad desde la cual se origina la vida, de forma que el mundo quede ordenado según proporciones armónicas.
Development of a Screening Score for Rapid Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders Risk in Children Aged Three to Four
Authors: Nasledov Andrei , Tkacheva Lyubov , Miroshnikov Sergei , Zashchirinskaya Oksana
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to a detailed description of the procedure and results of a scree­ning scale elaboration for rapid diagnosis of autism risk in Russian 3–4-year-olds. The study sample consisted of 926 children, of whom 383 were clinically diagnosed with ASD (autism spectrum disorder), 200 with DD (developmental delay), and 343 were from the Norm group. Using mathematical modeling methods, a 20-point scale of autism was constructed. The factor validity, reliability and effectiveness of the developed scale have been confirmed. The accuracy of the scale was 88.91% (sensitivity 92.1%, specificity 87.2%). The scale is based on 40 symptoms of autism, representing 4 vectors of its manifestation, 3 of which correspond to the main symptoms of autism according to DSM-5: "Emotional disorders", "Sensory disorders", "Communication disorders", but another dimension was also obtained called "Hyperactivity"/Disinhibition", which is unique for ASD models. The multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of structural and measurement equivalence confirmed the 4-vector structure of ASD
for a sample of children with ASD, its structural and measurement invariance with respect to children with ASD differing in gender and age: boys and girls, 3- and 4-year-olds. However, for children without ASD, the existence of such a structure was not confirmed. Therefore, the selected scales reflect the autism vectors specific to children with ASD, according to which children with ASD differ from other children to the greatest extent.
Agency Development in Generation Z Adolescents in Nonformal Learning
Authors: Antopolskaya Tatiana , Antopolsky Alexey , Logvinova Margarita , Silakov Alexandr
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of adolescent agency development in nonformal learning. It gives a theoretical analysis of studies focused on contemporary tee­nager agency characteristics and the elements influencing agency development. The authors present their own definition of adolescent agency as an integrated characteristic of their personality that manifests in their ability to self-organize and self-realize, the development of effective social communications, social interaction, and moral and value-based relationships with other people aimed at satisfying their need for peace-building. The research also includes the findings of a longitudinal experimental study that used a complex influence on teenage perso­nality. The authors explain why they picked the Social Polygon nonformal education platform, which enables teenagers to enhance attributes that boost their degree of agency. They looked at how it affected attributes including agency ability, leadership potential, and social creativity. Nonformal learning in a socially enriched context demonstrated to be extremely helpful for the development of adolescent agency in Generation Z.
Socialization Challenges in Gifted High School Students: Causes and Solutions
Authors: Shcherbinina Olga , Grushetskaya Irina
Published: January 2024

The realities of modern schooling show that teachers are paying more attention to working with bright kids. Simultaneously, the primary focus is on providing circumstances for the development and application of the child’s special abilities. As a consequence of their efforts, these students compete in contests and Olympiads and develop creative products in various areas. We witness an apparently successful child who may struggle with difficulties of self-determination, self-presentation, complex relations with the micro-society, and so on. These difficulties might result in the victimization of a bright youngster, preventing them from achieving success in the future. The basis of these problems for this group of children is frequently a lack of a solution or an untimely remedy to socializing issues (according to A.V. Mudrik). This issue is especially problematic in high school.
The purpose of the research is to identify gifted high school students’ challenges in solving cultural, socio-cultural, and socio-psychological socialization problems, as well as to determine the social and pedagogical conditions for overcoming and preventing difficulties in solving socialization problems.
The research covered high school students of the Development Vector Multi-Subject School of the Kostroma State University, Kostroma (n = 11); Sirius Centre session participants, Sochi (n = 22); students of the Academy of Talents, St. Petersburg (n = 22); students of the Pre-University Training Department of the Omsk State Technical University, Omsk (n = 48). The sample size was 103 persons in total. Diagnostic tools: Gender Autobiography Method by I.S. Kletsina; Rokeach Value Survey by M. Rokeach; Studying a Child’s Performance in Relation to School and Extracurricular Activities (questionnaire) by V.S. Yurkevich; Friendship Questionnaire (developed by the authors); Agency Questionnaire by V.K. Zaretsky; Self-Attitude Analysis Method by S.R. Pantileyev; Communicative and Organizational Abilities Method by V.V. Sinyavsky and V.A. Fedoroshin; Professional Attitudes in Adolescents Questionnaire by I.M. Kondakov.
The authors offer social and educational settings for overcoming and preventing the identified socialization difficulties in gifted high school pupils.
Control of dynamic biped walking machine with limited friction in foot
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Borina A.P.
Published: January 2024

A non-trivial problem in the biped walking is the preservation of stability under external influences without slowing down velocity. A dynamic walking control algorithm with a hierarchical structure is proposed in the article. The lower control level is organized according to the principle of tracking drives and ensures the position of the robot`s body using all given possible coordinates. The problem of traffic stabilization is solved at the upper level. An ideal mechanism — a flat inverted mathematical pendulum is considered in the feedback circuit. Its equations are synchronized by the moment of the step ending. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of the robot foot with the support surface to determine the conditions for the absence of slippage. Proposed control approach makes it possible to control the current position of the robot`s structure in the space in different walking modes without slowing down velocity. Critically assessing the results and prospects of the research, we can conclude about their use-fulness in the development of artificial intelligence cooperation with humans, about possible applications in everyday life, a specific environment and industry. The proposed approach may be applicable to the control of the walking mechanisms of similar mobile robots.
Experimental modeling of the relationship between adhesion and friction forces in assessing the stickiness of materials
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (, Grigorev P.A. , Sladkova L.A. ,   Russian University of Transport (
Published: January 2024

Sticking of various materials on contacting surfaces is a problematic task in various areas of the national economy, as it leads to an increase in digging efforts, a decrease in productivity and, as a result, an increase in economic costs. For ground-based transport and technological complexes, soil sticking is characteristic of the surfaces of the working bodies of earthmoving and agricultural machines, conveyor belts, walls of mixing plants, etc. The process of sticking has not been fully studied, both from the standpoint of experimental and theoretical studies. Experimental modeling of the detection and evaluation of stickiness will reveal not only its physical nature, but also find certain relationships and dependencies in the evaluation of the friction forces of the soil, which indicates their change in the direction of increase with a decrease in the speed of movement of the contacting body. The reason for this is the presence of sticky forces between the contacting surfaces. The results obtained were achieved on the basis of mathematical apparatus and energy efficiency, as well as modeling the process of changing friction forces de-pending on the adhesive properties of the surface.
Improving the traction calculation of dump conveyor belts for mobile construction and road vehicles
Authors:   Academician I.G. Petrovskii Bryansk State University, Grishin A.V.
Published: January 2024

A modification of the design method for dump belt conveyors of mobile construction and road machines is proposed, based on the introduction into its structure of refined recommendations for choosing the coefficient of resistance to the movement of the belt, developed on the basis of experimental studies of the heating process of conveyor elements from the moment of its start to exit to operating temperature. Using the example of a dump conveyor of a mobile washing plant, patterns of operation of short conveyors have been identified, which make it possible to increase the efficiency of their design process, as well as to obtain a positive economic result from the use of the proposed modification.
Acoustic picture of starting screw compressors as a diagnostic parameter of technical condition
Authors:   Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, Pundik M.A. , Pichakhchi A.V. ,   Donbass National Academy of Construction and Architecture, Sidorov V.A. ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: January 2024

The emergence of new opportunities for fixing and analyzing noise allows us to perform visualization and analysis of sound vibrations as diagnostic signs of the serviceability of the compression unit during the start-up period, the most informative stage of the manifestation of incipient damage. The use of screw compressors, at present, is the most rational due to the absence of shock processes, the possibility of long-term operation with a minimum amount of maintenance operations, the effective solution of issues of managing work schedules, minimal dynamic loads at startup, etc. Screw compressors with a frequency of rotation of the drive motor 3000 rpm and a power of 100…300 kW have found the greatest distribution. Ensuring long-term op-eration of screw compressors requires reasonable decision-making to restore operational capability on the basis of data on the actual condition of individual elements of the mechanism. The research methods are presented in the form of a practical analysis of the noise level and vibration acceleration of screw compressors. Acoustic and vibration parameters of the unit start-up were obtained, information frequencies of damage to the main nodes were presented, as well as a time-frequency spectrogram of the start-up. The results of the conducted acoustic studies of the start-up of the compressor unit consisting of Sabroe screw compressors SAB — 163 and SAB — 330 constitute the main content of this work, which allow us to conclude that it is necessary to implement three-level diagnostics of rotary mechanisms to prevent sudden failures of the compression unit.
Densidad y proporción de albura y duramen en nuevos clones de Eucalyptus spp
Authors: Bulman Hartkopf Christian , Winck Rosa Angela , Aquino Diego Rolando , Fassola Hugo Enrique , Stefani Pablo Marcelo
Published: January 2024

La generación de nuevos materiales genéticos para atender las diversas demandas del mercado de la madera requiere una constante evaluación de sus propiedades tecnológicas. En el presente estudio, se evaluó  el contenido relativo de duramen y albura a tres alturas de fuste (0,10 m, 2,80 m y 5,50 m) así como la variación de densidad en dirección axial y radial de clones puros Eucalyptus grandis (rose gum) e híbridos (Eucalyptus grandis (rose gum) x Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) y Eucalyptus grandis (rose gum) x Eucalyptus tereticornis (red irongum)) de 11 años de edad. Los clones puros mostraron un 10 % más de duramen que los híbridos. El material híbrido alcanzó el mayor valor medio de densidades, siendo más homogéneo en el perfil radial y axial. En general, la densidad presentó un patrón creciente en la dirección radial. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la densidad para las alturas estudiadas en los clones híbridos, mientras que los clones puros presentaron valores de densidad significativamente mayores a 0,10 m. La densidad de la albura fue mayor que la del duramen para las tres alturas de fuste en todos los materiales genéticos. El análisis de los resultados indica que los clones híbridos podrían ser aptos para la producción de pulpa de celulosa debido a la menor proporción de duramen, lo cual facilita el proceso de blanqueo, así como para su uso como madera aserrada o contrachapado estructural por su mayor densidad y homogeneidad en altura.
Reto demográfico, migración y arraigo de los jóvenes rurales
Authors: Camarero Rioja Luis Alfonso , Rivera Escribano María Jesús
Published: January 2024

La preocupación sobre la pérdida de población rural ha hecho que los estudios apenas aborden la cuestión de quiénes son los que llegan, los denominados de forma genérica nuevos residentes. Con este propósito, contextualizaremos brevemente la cuestión del poblamiento rural en cuanto ciclos de poblamiento y despoblamiento y destacaremos algunos de los cambios poblacionales acaecidos en las zonas rurales en los últimos años a partir de los datos de la Estadística de Variaciones Residenciales y los Padrones Continuos. En este recorrido nos detendremos en un grupo clave los jóvenes adultos, también denominados tardo-jóvenes. El seguimiento de las tendencias migratorias de este grupo resulta crucial para la comprensión del reto demográfico y de vulnerabilidad al que se enfrentan las áreas rurales. Los principales resultados señalan que la falta de jóvenes tiene que ver con las tendencias de la fecundidad y que precisamente, según desvelan los datos de las series censales y padronales, los flujos migratorios generan saldos positivos para los grupos de jóvenes rurales -tanto por la llegada de jóvenes urbanos como por la entrada de población joven extranjera- a la vez que se incrementa la diversidad poblacional por origen. Sin embargo, estos flujos son incapaces de trastocar el sobre-envejecimiento rural. Finalmente, después del análisis abriremos el debate sobre la capacidad de las áreas rurales para favorecer el arraigo de la diversidad de procedencia de nuevos residentes, cuestión muy relevante a la hora de repensar el proceso de políticas de sostenibilidad social de las áreas rurales.
Territorios de la vulnerabilidad digital: situaciones, emociones y actitudes de los jóvenes en el entorno online
Authors: Carcelén García Sonia , Durán-Vilches Myriam , Galmes Cerezo María
Published: January 2024

El joven ha integrado una parte importante de su cotidianeidad en el ecosistema digital, en donde se están generando situaciones de fuerte impacto emocional. Este estudio identifica aquellas situaciones en las que los jóvenes españoles (entre 18 y 35 años) se sienten vulnerables en el entorno online, a partir de sus emociones, actitudes y experiencias vividas; además se realiza una radiografía del perfil sociodemográfico del joven más vulnerables en el mundo digital. La recogida de información se ha realizado a través de una metodología cualitativa mediante grupos de discusión y cuantitativa a una muestra representativa de 1.500 jóvenes. Los principales resultados han permitido identificar un mapa de territorios de vulnerabilidad digital de los jóvenes, donde el relato emocional adquiere importantes matices según el nivel de madurez y experiencias digitales vividas a lo largo de los años, siendo en concreto las mujeres y los jóvenes de menor edad (18 a 21 años), el segmento más sensible ante las distintas situaciones de vulnerabilidad digital.
Germans in Korea in the late 19th - early 20th centuries as a translocal and bourgeois community
Authors: Musinova Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2024

This study deals with the German community in Korea between the conclusion of Korea’s first international treaties in the early 1880s and the country’s annexation by the Japanese Empire in 1910 in the context of transnational and global history. In the decades around 1900 the circulation of people, ideas, goods and capital beyond and across the national borders increased. The Korean peninsula has gradually integrated into global economic and political processes. The result of it became the formation of the European community in Joseon (Choson). The German community in Korea made up of diplomats, foreign experts hired by the Korean government as well as merchants and missionaries. They were individuals who defined themselves as bourgeois (or middle-class) who actively interacted with representatives of the Korean elites, becoming agents of an imperialist policy in East Asia. German citizens influenced the development of German-Korean relations contributing into the cultural dialogue between the two countries and the subsequent modernization of Joseon.
Reports of the 11th century Andalusian Geographer on the Peoples of Caucasus
Authors: Gizbulaev Magomed A.
Published: January 2024

This paper, for the first time in Russian historiography, provides information on the 6th-10th centuries history of Dagestan on the basis of translation, commentary and comparative analysis of excerpts in relation to the history of Caucasian peoples from AbūʿUbayd al-Bakrī’s (d.1094) Kitāb al-masālik wa-al-mamālik (A Book of Routes and Countries). This work presents a brief description of different polities: indicating trade routes, distances between towns etc. sort of the administrative directory. Kitāb al-masālik wa-al-mamālik is considered as one of the important sources on south-western and north-western Africa history, particularly, during the period of the Almoravids’ reign (1040-1147). As for the information about the Caucasus given by al-Bakri so it’s largely not original. The paper discusses the main aspects of al-Bakrī’s life and scholarly activities who was an expert in Islamic history and Arabic geography. He particularly outlines the history of different Caucasian polities like Derbent; describes the Caspian sea; gives detailed list of routes and distance between polities etc. Moreover, I compared some reports on Dagestan from Muruj az-zahab and Kitab at-tanbih by al-Mas‘udi and al-Bakrī’s work in order to find out whether the origin of the material is the same.
Digital economy competencies: experience and stages of formation among university students
Authors: Drobysheva Irina V. , Drobyshev Yuri A.
Published: January 2024

Problem statement. In accordance with the goals and indicators of federal projects, the leading role in the formation of key competencies of the digital economy is assigned to institutions of secondary general, vocational and additional education. To form digital competencies in the field of creating algorithms and computer programs, digital departments have been created in a number of universities in the country. Based on this, the problem of the formation of these competencies among students studying in various fields of training, in the absence of a digital department at the university, becomes urgent. The purposes of the study are to analyze the existing experience of students' formation of competencies necessary for the implementation of the national program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” and formulate proposals for improving this process. Methodology. A set of measures was carried out, including the analysis of educational training programs in order to identify disciplines, the study of which provides students with the knowledge and skills to develop algorithms, create computer programs, theoretical analysis of research in this area and the development of a methodological approach that ensures the formation of digital competencies in the field of creating algorithms and computer programs. Results. The analysis of the process of formation of digital competencies among university students, the theoretical analysis of research on this problem made it possible to identify and disclose the stages of formation of digital competencies in the field of algorithms and computer programs development. Conclusion. The result of the analysis of educational programs of universities was the conclusion about their insufficient focus on the formation of digital competencies of students. Based on the theoretical analysis of research in the field of the formation of competencies for the creation of algorithms and computer programs and their own experience, an approach to the formation of students of this competence is proposed.
Teaching artificial intelligence in secondary school: from development to practice
Authors: Levchenko Irina V. , Sadykova Albina R. , Kartashova Lyudmila I. , Merenkova Polina A.
Published: January 2024

Problem statement . Currently, various global and national institutions promote mainstreaming artificial intelligence (AI) technology into training programs for school students. The effectiveness of introducing artificial intelligence into school curricula depends on four factors: 1) defining methodological foundations for creating educational content; 2) selecting and structuring appropriate learning content; 3) adapting the content to the needs of different age groups; 4) integrating the content into school programs. The current study provides theoretical foundations for generating learning content for AI lessons aimed at secondary school students and determines possible ways of integrating that content into school programs. Methodology. The empirical part of the study involved 225 secondary school students aged 11-14 (forms 5 to 9) as well as 125 teachers from comprehensive schools located in Moscow and the Moscow region. Analysis, synthesis, testing and sampling average methods were used. Results. The authors conducted a pilot testing of the developed educational materials, measured students’ AI-related skill and knowledge and processed the obtained data using the method of selective averages. The theoretical research conducted showed the leadership of artificial intelligence training in primary schools, mechanisms for developing learning outcomes in the field of artificial intelligence for primary school students, the opportunity to reveal the possibility of forming the content of artificial intelligence training based on various approaches. The goals and results of teaching the basics of artificial intelligence within the framework of basic school were determined. The content of training was formulated. Conclusion. The research is characterized by scientific and practical novelty, as it helps determine methodological grounds for teaching AI to secondary school students and proposes a detailed unit plan for an AI training course in secondary school.