bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparedness, Identification and Care of COVID-19 Cases by Front Line Health Workers in Selected Health Facilities in Mbale District Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rashid Naziru , Nazziwa Aisha , Nanyeenya Nicholas , Madinah Nabukeera , Lwere Kamada
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The nature of work of Health care professionals exposes them to high risks of contracting COVID-19 and spreading it among themselves, to their patients and subsequently to the general community. Thus, it is essential that frontline health workers are equipped with both material and knowledge to enable them accurately suspect, detect, isolate, and manage COVID-19 cases. Findings have indicated a high prevalence of COVID-19 infections among front-line health workers. The Current Study assessed preparedness, identification, and care of COVID-19 Cases by frontline health workers in selected health facilities in Mbale District. Methodology: Across sectional survey was used to collect quantitative data using Google forms, An online platform for data collection. Data was collected from 189 frontline health workers in both government and private Health facilities in Mbale District between April and August 2020. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings: The study found that a good proportion of frontline health workers can identify cases by symptom and case definitions as probable case 113/189(59.8%), suspected case 60/189(36%) and confirmed case 22/189 (11.6%). There were generally low levels of preparedness in terms of initial service care being offered with the highest being 53/189(28.2%) and 50/189(26.4%) for facilities that had places for isolation and those with intravenous fluids respectively and the least was being able to offer oxygen and Intensive Care Services at 43/189(22.0%) and 20/189(10.3%) respectively. Conclusion and recommendations: There’s a need to ensure a continuous supply of PPEs and IPC materials to health facilities. CPD programs are essential in equipping Health workers with up-to-date information on COVID-19 Case Management. Facilities should be supported to setup isolation facilities at all levels, both permanent and temporary. Provision of Face masks to health workers should be prioritised and hand washing facilities should be installed at every serving point.
Pathology Characteristics of Lymphomas in Rwanda: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mugabe Byiringiro Fiacre , Manirakiza Felix , Ruhangaza Déogratias , Zawadi Muvunyi Thierry , Rugwizangoga Belson
Published: November 2021

Background: Lymphomas have been a global challenge for many decades and despite measures for prevention and management, the incidence continues to increase. There are two main categories, which are Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and most common etiologies are environmental, genetic alteration, radiation and some viruses. Objective: To describe pathology characteristics of lymphomas in Rwanda based on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained glass slides and immuno histo chemistry, and classify them according to clinical aggressiveness. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational and descriptive study from January 2013 to December 2019. Lymphoma cases were retrieved together with relevant clinical and pathological information, and reviewed by independent pathologists. Histological diagnosis was classified according to the 2008 World Health Organization system in order to assign clinical aggressiveness of the lymphoma. Results: Three hundred and six lymphoma cases were enrolled. Males contributed to 57% of all reviewed case, and slightly over 50% were young aged ≤35 years. Approximately 191 (62%) of cases were nodal lymphomas. Approximately one fifth (18%) of lymphoma cases were HIV positive. Most 213(70%) cases were Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas of aggressive forms 164(77%). Among 164 cases of aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas, diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the leading subtype 91(55.5%), followed by solid lymphoblastic lymphoma 32(19.5%) and Burkitt lymphoma 17(10.4%). Among all Hodgkin lymphoma cases, 90(97%) were classical Hodgkin lymphomaof nodular sclerosis subtype. Hodgkin lymphoma patients were younger compared to Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas patients (mean age of 24.78±16.3 years versus 38.6±22. 5years, p=.000). Conclusion: Substantial proportion of Lymphomapatients in Rwanda were also HIV positive. Interestingly, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Rwanda are predominated by the most aggressive forms, and these mostly affect a younger population. Optimal characterisation of such cases, using advanced methods, is recommended.
Healthcare Professional Preferences for Prescribing Artemisinins and Quinine for Malaria in Burundi
Authors: Niyonkuru Aîné-Ernest , McLaughlina Eric , Heath Gregory , Inamuco Sonia , Topazian Hillary , Davis Mike
Published: November 2021

Background: Malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and particularly sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization and many national bodies, including Burundi, recommend artemisinin-based therapy as first-line treatment for uncomplicated and severe malaria. Implementing this recommendation requires healthcare professionals’ acceptance of this treatment as the optimal choice. Methods: A survey was conducted among Burundian healthcare professionals from June to September 2017 to assess prescribing preferences regarding artemisinins versus quinine for treating malaria. Healthcare professionals were surveyed from 32 health facilities in 10 provinces. Respondents included both physicians and nurses who provided responses about their antimalarial treatment preferences for a variety of clinical scenarios. Comparisons among healthcare professionals, their level of training, work setting, and length of work experience were examined using a series of stratified analyses, where the Pearson Chi-square statistic and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Respondents included 101 doctors and 196 nurses. Seventy-nine percent of respondents worked in hospitals, while 58% had more than 5 years of work experience. Although 94% of respondents correctly identified artemisinin-based treatment as first-line therapy according to the national protocol, 24-40% of respondents preferred the use of quinine in various hypothetical clinical scenarios. Overall, nurses were at greater odds of preferring quinine versus artemisinins compared with physicians. Availability of artemisinins was associated positively with artemisinin preference. These results did not vary by duration of work experience. Conclusions: Though knowledge of artemisinin-based therapy was recognised by the majority of respondents as the recommended antimalarial treatment, a high proportion of Burundian healthcare professionals, especially nurses, prefer using oral and IV quinine in a number of clinical scenarios. These findings identify a significant barrier to the satisfactory implementation of a life-saving treatment in accordance with national and international recommendations.
Predictors and Barriers to Post Abortion Family Planning Uptake in Hai District, Northern Tanzania: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Asubiojo Benjamin , Ng’wamkai Peter E. , Shayo Benjamin C. , Mwangi Rose , Mahande Michael J. , Msuya Sia E. , Maro Eusebious
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Post Abortion Care (PAC) encompassing family planning counselling and contraception provision is a key strategy to reducing maternal morbidity and mortality especially in countries with restrictive abortion laws. Various factors affect the uptake of PAC modern family Planning (FP) in different settings. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, assessment of factors and barriers to PAC modern FP uptake in Hai district, Northern Tanzania Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted using an explanatory sequential design. Exit interviews using questionnaires was conducted among 189 women. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 healthcare providers (HCPs) and 28 women who received PAC in Hai district hospital, Machame hospital and Moshi Specialists health centre in Hai district. Quantitative data was analysed using a Statistical Package for Social Science (IMB SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA)). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were applied to estimate the predictors of uptake of PAC modern FP. Thematic content analysis was employed to explore barriers to uptake of post-abortion modern family planning. Results: The prevalence of uptake of modern family planning following PAC was 59/189(31.2%). 56% of the 189 women who received PAC did not receive counselling services on family planning. Marital status and partner’s support were predictors of PAC modern family planning uptake (p=.007 vs. p= <.05, respectively). Misinformation and misconception about modern contraceptives, lack of knowledge and fear of side effects were reported to be the major barriers to uptake of post-abortion family planning. Most women reported to have not received comprehensive family planning information from the HCPs. On the other hand, HCPs perceived their poor counselling skills as the barrier to post-abortion family planning uptake. This study observed poor coordination of PAC services within each visited facility and this was linked to women leaving the facility without family planning counselling and/or contraceptives provision. Conclusion: Suboptimal modern family planning counselling during PAC contributes to the low uptake of contraceptives methods in this setting. Strategies are needed to improve PAC modern family planning services uptake. Strategies such as; provision of counselling skills to HCPs with comprehensive information targeting local contextual misconception and promoting PAC provision as a one-stop service.
Una serie inédita del pintor murillesco Juan Francisco Garzón (ca. 1660-1694) sobre La vida de la Virgen (ca. 1692-1694)
Authors: Cruz Isidoro Fernando
Published: November 2021

Se identifica una serie de doce cuadros, con la Vida de la Virgen María, del pintor sevillano, poco conocido, Juan Francisco Garzón (ca.1660-1694), que formó parte de la escuela murillesca del último tercio del siglo XVII.  Varios de los lienzos conservan su firma, lo que permite documentarlos y el análisis de su estilo para la caracterización de su personalidad artística.  Se conserva íntegra en la iglesia del monasterio de dominicas de Madre de Dios de Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz).
Invasive alien plant species distributed as weeds in arable land in Bulgaria
Authors: Zahariev Dimcho , Ivanova Nina , Nasuf Aishe
Published: November 2021

26 species of invasive alien plant species enter the arable land in Bulgaria as weeds. Some of these species are already causing economic damage and are included in the list of the 100 most economically important weeds. For others, it is only a matter of time before they are included in this list. Possessing a complex of qualities, they spread quickly and aggressively, occupying new areas and settling permanently in them. As artificial habitats in which there is no permanent vegetation, arable land is one of the easiest terrains to invade. The study examines the biological characteristics that determine the invasive nature of this group of plants, their origin, distribution routes, weed crops and control measures that can be taken. Particular attention shall be paid to the additional effects that these species may have on human health, on cultivated crops and on natural habitats located in the neighborhood.
On the non existence of periodic orbits for a class of two dimensional Kolmogorov systems
Authors: Boukoucha Rachid
Published: November 2021

In this paper we characterize the integrability and the non-existence of limit cycles of Kolmogorov systems of the form

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\matrix{{x' = x\left( {{B_1}\left( {x,y} \right)\ln \left| {{{{A_3}\left( {x,y} \right)} \over {{A_4}\left( {x,y} \right)}}} \right| + {B_3}\left( {x,y} \right)\ln \left| {{{{A_1}\left( {x,y} \right)} \over {{A_2}\left( {x,y} \right)}}} \right|} \right),} \hfill \cr {y' = y\left( {{B_2}\left( {x,y} \right)\ln \left| {{{{A_5}\left( {x,y} \right)} \over {{A_6}\left( {x,y} \right)}}} \right| + {B_3}\left( {x,y} \right)\ln \left| {{{{A_1}\left( {x,y} \right)} \over {{A_2}\left( {x,y} \right)}}} \right|} \right)} \hfill \cr }

where A
1 (x, y), A
2 (x, y), A
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3 (x, y) are homogeneous polynomials of degree a, a, b, b, c, c, n, n, m respectively. Concrete example exhibiting the applicability of our result is introduced.
Sensitivity Analysis for Effect of Changes in Input Data on Hydrological Parameters and Water Balance Components in the Catchment Area of Hungarian Lowland
Authors: Tran Hop Quang
Published: November 2021

Extreme weather and climate changes are emerging more frequently in Central Europe, Hungary, and in the near future the increase in prolonged droughts, high-intensity precipitation events and the temporal variations of precipitation are expected, which may increase the magnitude of local water damages (OVF, 2016). As a result of climate change, these extreme weather events will be more frequent, however it is difficult to predict them, as until now insufficient amount of observations are available on smaller watercourses and on refined territorial water balances. For the future assessment of the environmental and economic impacts of climate change, it is essential to explore the integrated relationship of evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration, surface and subsurface waters, and other hydrological processes, which can fundamentally describe regionally the water management conditions.

In this research, an earlier study (DHI Hungary 2019) on the catchment area of the main canal of the Dong-ér Brook is pursued to continue the development of the MIKE SHE model in a more complex manner. Within the frame of the present study, the relationship between the individual hydrological parameters, the water balance components and extreme precipitation events (drought, heavy rainfall events) for the entire drainage basin have been examined, besides, the expected effects of the predicted temperature rise on the water balance is evaluated. Using data from 2018 as reference, the sensitivity of the changes in daily precipitation and daily mean temperature has been assessed to estimate the effects of the future climate change on hydrological parameters and water balance components.
Hypofractionated preoperative radiotherapy for high risk soft tissue sarcomas in a geriatric patient population
Authors: Potkrajcic Vlatko , Traub Frank , Hermes Barbara , Scharpf Marcus , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Zips Daniel , Paulsen Frank , Eckert Franziska
Published: November 2021

Background

Standard therapy for localised, resectable high risk soft tissue sarcomas consists of wide excision and radiotherapy over several weeks. This treatment schedule is hardly feasible in geriatric and frail patients. In order not to withhold radiotherapy from these patients, hypofractionated radiotherapy with 25 Gy in 5 fractions was evaluated in a geriatric patient population.

Patients and methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of 18 geriatric patients with resectable high risk soft tissue sarcomas of extremities and thoracic wall. Wound healing and short term oncologic outcome were analysed. In addition, dose constraints for radiotherapy of the extremities were transferred from normofractionated to hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens.

Results

Feasibility was good with 17/18 patients completing treatment as planned. Wound healing complication rate was in the range of published data. Two patients developed local and distant recurrence, two patients isolated distant recurrences. No isolated local recurrences were observed. Keeping the constraints was possible in all cases without compromising the coverage of the target volume.

Conclusions

Hypofractionated radiotherapy and surgery was well tolerated even in this specific patient population. With feasibility concerning early wound healing problems and adapted constraints, which allow for the treatment of most resectable extremity tumours, the concept warrants further evaluation in patients unfit for standard radiotherapy.
MitomiRs: their roles in mitochondria and importance in cancer cell metabolism
Authors: Rencelj Andrej , Gvozdenovic Nada , Cemazar Maja
Published: November 2021

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play important roles in almost all biological pathways. They regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). MitomiRs are miRNAs of nuclear or mitochondrial origin that are localized in mitochondria and have a crucial role in regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolism. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the major sites of oxidative metabolism of sugars, lipids, amino acids, and other bio-macromolecules. They are also the main sites of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.

Conclusions

In the review, we discuss the role of mitomiRs in mitochondria and introduce currently well studied mitomiRs, their target genes and functions. We also discuss their role in cancer initiation and progression through the regulation of mRNA expression in mitochondria. MitomiRs directly target key molecules such as transporters or enzymes in cell metabolism and regulate several oncogenic signaling pathways. They also play an important role in the Warburg effect, which is vital for cancer cells to maintain their proliferative potential. In addition, we discuss how they indirectly upregulate hexokinase 2 (HK2), an enzyme involved in glucose phosphorylation, and thus may affect energy metabolism in breast cancer cells. In tumor tissues such as breast cancer and head and neck tumors, the expression of one of the mitomiRs (miR-210) correlates with hypoxia gene signatures, suggesting a direct link between mitomiR expression and hypoxia in cancer. The miR-17/92 cluster has been shown to act as a key factor in metabolic reprogramming of tumors by regulating glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. This cluster is deregulated in B-cell lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and T-cell lymphomas, and is particularly overexpressed in several other cancers. Based on the current knowledge, we can conclude that there is a large number of miRNAs present in mitochondria, termed mitomiR, and that they are important regulators of mitochondrial function. Therefore, mitomiRs are important players in the metabolism of cancer cells, which need to be further investigated in order to develop a potential new therapies for cancer.
Determinants of the effective tax burden of companies in the Telecommunications activities in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Bubanić Marijana , Šimović Hrvoje
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of the effective tax burden of companies in the activity division Telecommunication in the Republic of Croatia. The research covers the time interval from 2008 to 2017. Dynamic panel analysis was used to conduct the research. Microeconomic data were obtained from the databases of the Financial Agency, and macroeconomic data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The results indicate that the effective tax burden of companies in the activity division Telecommunication is affected by the effective tax burden from the previous period, company size, leverage, inventory intensity, profitability and economic cycle. While capital and labour intensity didn`t prove statistically significant. The main limitations of the research lie in the impossibility of generalizing the stated results to all companies from the observed activity, using only one evaluation model, and being a cabinet-type research, without confirmation of the results obtained by companies. The research received several scientific contributions: this is the first study of the determinants of the effective tax burden conducted in the Republic of Croatia; the research covers an entire activity whit different companies sizes, and not as in most previous research, which mainly include only large companies listed on the stock exchange; unlike previous studies that used a balanced sample, and in most cases static panel models, this study used an unbalanced sample and a dynamic panel model.
Knowledge Hiding: One of the Primary Reasons behind the Rapid Spread of the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19
Authors: Issac Abraham Cyril
Published: November 2021

The world is battling out the pandemic of Covid-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) is jointly acting upon the same daily, which is evident from the ‘situation reports.’ The pandemic, which saw its origin in Wuhan, has spread across the world within a short span of under two months. While the pandemic has effectively instilled a situation of cordon sanitaire across the globe, the virus seems to show no respite. This study collates different sources and establishes the human tendency of knowledge hiding as the prime reason for the spread of such colossal magnitudes. The study underlines the notion by examining some of the critical cases and situations that have unfolded in the very recent past.
Penggambaran Qilin pada Mimbar Masjid Gedhe Mataram Kotagede: Kajian Arkeologi Seni
Authors: Raffi Naufal , Kumalasari Dyah Kumalasari , Yusuf Sandy Maulana Yusuf
Published: November 2021

Interaksi antarbudaya dalam kajian arkeologi seni memungkinkan corak budaya tertentu muncul di artefak budaya lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui latar belakang kemunculan ornamen figur qilin pada mimbar Masjid Gedhe Mataram Kotagede, beserta teknik penggambaran dan prinsip-prinsip seni yang melekat padanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan arkeologi seni dan ikonografi. Dari hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa ornamen qilin merupakan pemberian dari Sultan Palembang. Ornamen ini menjadi bukti adanya pengaruh Tiongkok di Nusantara. Qilin pada mimbar Masjid Gedhe Mataram Kotagede digambarkan dengan teknik denaturalistis atau stilasi. Penggambaran qilin memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip seni rupa. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut antara lain kesatuan, keseimbangan, irama, dan kesebandingan simbol.
 
Intercultural interactions, in relation to the study of art archeology, have allowed certain cultural features to appear in other cultural artefacts. The aim of this study was to put forward the reasons behind the appearance of the qilins on the pulpit of the Masjid Gedhe Mataram in Kotagede, along with the depiction techniques and art principles attached to it. The research method used in this study was descriptive qualitative with an art archaeological and iconographical approach. The study indicated that the pulpit was a gift from Sultan of Palembang, demonstrating Chinese influence in this archipelagic nation (Nusantara). The qilins were portrayed using denaturalization or stylized techniques, highlighting the principles of fine art such as unity, balance, rhythm, and proportionality of symbol.
Об итогах международной конференции ИМО по стандартам обучения, дипломированию и несению вахты персоналом рыболовных судов
Authors: Бекяшев К. А.
Published: November 2021

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Согласованность и коллизии норм
Authors: Тихомиров Ю. А.
Published: November 2021

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О теоретических основах правового регулирования, статуса иностранцев в Российской Федерации
Authors: Романов С. В.
Published: November 2021

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Требования к имплементационному законодательству в Конвенции о запрещении химического оружия и их реализация на практике
Authors: Пунжин С. М.
Published: November 2021

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Language and thinking: a contrastive characterization of English, French, German and Russian, with its application to language pedagogy
Authors: Ohtsuki M.
Published: November 2021

This paper seeks to give in a concise manner a holistic characterization of English, French, German and Russian, revealing at the same time the types of thinking (or thought patterns) involving these languages. The four languages are characterized respectively as being experiential/pragmatic, rational/ dualistic, idealistic, and antithetical. Based on these observations, some suggestions as to the pedagogy of foreign languages are also made.
Probiotic Potential of Fermented Foods and Their Effects on Immune System
Authors: Şengün İlkin Yücel , Güney Damla
Published: November 2021

Fermentation is known as a method that improves the nutritional value of foods in addition to preserving them. Various traditionally produced fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, kombucha, some cheeses, sausages and pickles have probiotic potential. Hence, consumption of fermented foods plays an important role in modulating of gut microbiota and supplying positive effects on health. With the help of beneficial microorganisms, the intestinal barrier can be improved which induces the activity of the immune cells associated to the gut. In recent years, probiotics have been used in foods in order to produce functional foods that have the potential to improve gastrointestinal health. It is known that intestinal microbiota and probiotics can interact in immune system and these interactions provide positive health effects like reducing risk of hypertension, improving gut microbiota, regulating immune system, preventing diabetes, allergies and diarrhea. In this paper, fermented foods having probiotic potential and the effects of consuming these foods on the immune system are revised.
The Effect of Using Different Size Purple Carrots and Lactobacillus Plantarum on the Properties of Fermented Shalgam (Şalgam)
Authors: Tangüler Hasan
Published: November 2021

Şalgam (Shalgam) beverage, which is manufactured by lactic acid-ethanol fermentation, takes its name from turnip radish and its purple-reddish colour from purple carrot, is a drink with certain turbidity and sour taste. This research was carried out to determine the effect of using an autochthonous starter culture and purple carrot size in şalgam production. For this purpose, with the direct production process, purple carrot in two different sizes (4 cm horizontally cut purple carrot or 12 cm vertically cut purple carrot) and şalgam with the addition of 3% L. plantarum was produced. The added starter culture enabled the fermentation to start quickly and the maximum total acidity and LAB count was reached earlier. Besides, the addition of starter culture significantly affected the overall composition of şalgam. In the production of shalgam beverage, the use of horizontally cut purple carrot and L. plantarum as an autochthonous starter culture can be recommended.
Assessing the Land Consolidation Projects from the Perspective of Farmers (A Case Study in Artova District of Tokat Province in Turkey)
Authors: Kaplan Esra , Gülse Bal Hayriye Sibel
Published: November 2021

Land consolidation is a powerful and effective tool in solving the fragmentation problem of agricultural lands to form a larger, more rational and efficient land for the farmers. The benefits of land consolidation projects are providing access to parcels, efficient use of water resources, real location of parcels, and reducing the costs of irrigation and drainage projects. Although not sufficiently successful, the land consolidation projects in Turkey had been initiated in 1961. This study was aimed to measure and assess the knowledge, expectation and attitudes of farmers on the land consolidation project planned to be implemented for some villages in Artova District of Tokat Province, Turkey. The study was carried out in Taşpınar and Aşağı Güçlü villages which were included in the consolidation program. In these villages, 62 farmers were selected by proportional sampling method out of 175 producers registered in the Farmer Registration System (FRS) and, face to face questionnaires were carried out with them. The results indicated that the producers support the project primarily due to the convenience in irrigation and increasing the efficiency of mechanization. Chi-square analysis revealed that the problems caused by disadvantages of fragmented land structure, importance of land integrity and the experience on a previous consolidation project area are important for the producers supporting the land consolidation project.
Determination of Surface Water Quality for Irrigation in Dinajpur
Authors: Islam Md. Motaharul , Nasrin Mst. Taslema , Islam Md. Mofizul
Published: November 2021

A research was carried out to assess the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. For this reason, 56 samples of surface water were collected from each union of Dinajpur sadar upazilla, Dinajpur. The analysis was included pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- to evaluate the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. Almost all the water samples were within the recommended pH value for irrigation and a great impact on crop production. With respect to electrical conductivity (EC) samples were low to medium salinity. For total dissolved solids (TDS), all samples were considered as freshwater for irrigation. On the basis of Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- all samples could safely be used for irrigation and would not affect the soils.
Home Garden; an Approach for Household Food Security and Uplifting the Status of Rural Women: A Case Study of Saptari, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Sagar , Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Rijal Sramika
Published: November 2021

Food security is one of the major global challenges of the twenty-first century. World population is expected to increase by one-third, between 2009 and 2050, and in Asia, crop yield is estimated to decline by 5 to 30% from 2050 onwards compared to 1990. It is high time to seek alternatives that can increase production utilizing existing resources ensuring food security. A home garden can be a viable and sustainable alternative in this regard; nevertheless, it is often neglected. Thus, this study aims to understand the role of the home garden in maintaining household food security and enhancing rural women’s status in Nepal. Two villages of Bishnupur rural municipality, namely, Bajitpur and Musharniya were selected as study sites. 78.6% of households in Bajitpur and 68.4% households in Musharniya were found to have a home garden where crops and livestock were organized in an integrated way. The home garden was found to maintain household food security, ensure food availability for most of the seasons, access of household members to food, its utilization, and stability in production. Furthermore, 66.67% and 58.33% of women sold surplus home garden products in Bajitpur and Musharniya respectively. This signifies the role of home gardening activities in uplifting the social and economic status and, farming knowledge of rural women in both villages. However, there is a lack of extension facilities and subsidies for the home garden to encourage farmers. Therefore, different models of home gardens should be developed and disseminated, prioritizing the integration of the scientific farming system with traditional knowledge for sustainable adoption of the home garden in Nepal.
Analysis of the VIT1 Promoter Activity in Developing Arabidopsis thaliana Plants
Authors: Eroglu Seckin
Published: November 2021

Iron (Fe) deficiency in plants is one of the widespread problems limiting agricultural production. Generating crops more tolerant to Fe deficiency by genetic engineering or breeding is of great interest but challenging due to the knowledge gaps in general plant Fe homeostasis. Although several genes involved in Fe homeostasis have been identified, characterization of their roles is mainly limited to specific organs at specific developmental stages of the plant, where their mutants show the most striking phenotype. Vacuolar Iron Transporter 1 (VIT1) is a well-known gene that has been characterized for its function in the mature seed of Arabidopsis thaliana. VIT1 is an Fe transporter that determines the correct distribution of Fe storage in this organ. The study aimed to explore new physiological functions for VIT1. As a first step, Arabidopsis thaliana plants that contain PromoterVIT1: GUS constructs were used to study the temporal and spatial expression of the gene throughout the plant’s lifecycle. GUS histochemical staining revealed the VIT1 promoter is active in the mature leaves and mature reproductive organs. VIT1 promoter activity in the stamen increased developmentally and was limited to tapetum and guard cells in the pollen sac. In the female organ, VIT1 promoter activity increased as the pistil developed into a silique. Although all the silique exhibited staining, staining density was higher in the peduncle, replum, and stigma regions. Inside the developing silique, funicles were heavily stained. Furthermore, in silico analyses of VT1 transcriptome and protein levels confirmed flower and the silique are hot spots for VT1 activity. Thus, the results may suggest a possible involvement of VT1 protein in several stages of the reproductive system, specifically in the flowering and in the fruit development.
Hydro-Physical Properties of Soils under Different Land Uses in Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Alhassan Ibraheem , Askira Muhammad Saddiq
Published: November 2021

Evaluation of soil hydro-physical properties is very important in agriculture and for sustainable management of the land resources. This investigation was conducted to assess some hydro-physical properties of soils in different land use types (LUT) selected (i.e., dry upper land (UD), lowland (LL) and residential area (RA)) at 0-15cm and 15-30cm depths in Bade Local Government Area of Northeastern, Nigeria. Soils were randomly sampled at four points in each LUT and analyzed according to standard soil analysis procedures. Results of the analyses of variance showed that LL had recorded significantly higher clay content, larger soil porosities and high-water retention properties than the other LUT. Soil structural stability index (SSI) and organic carbon (OC) were below optimal range and statistically not different across the land uses. The results also indicated non-significant differences in the hydro-physical properties within the sampling depths. The coefficient of variation (CV) revealed that, slight variation (CV
Phenotypic Characterization for Identification, Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Boset and Minjar Shenkora Goats of Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Tesfalem Aseged , Assefa Abraham , Hailu Abebe , Getachew Tesfaye , Misganaw Manaye , Sinke Seble , Getachew Fasil , Abegaz Solomon
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted on a total of 776 goats (part of Central highland goat breeds of Ethiopia), 306 from Boset district of Oromia region and 470 were from Minjar Shenkora district of Amhara region. A format developed by using food and agriculture organization discerption list was used for recording of morphological traits, bodyweight and linear body measurements. Both qualitative and quantitative traits were recorded from randomly sampled mature goats and the data were analyzed using SAS software. The goat type in the study area was characterized by a higher proportion of plain coat color patterns (62.5). Ingeneral, the majority (98.4%) of the studied goats were horned and characterized by backward orientation (67%) with a straight shape (49.3%). They presented a concave facial profile (73.8%), slop up toward the rump back profile (66.2%), no wattle (99.6%), no toggle (90.7%), no ruff (85.9%) and no beard (57.3%). The location had a significant effect on body weight and some other linear body measurements. Traits like body length, rump length, horn length, head length, head width and shin circumference were significantly higher in Boset district. In contrast, rump width and cannon bone length were significantly lower. The mean body weight of male goats in Boset and Minjar Shenkora district were 30.5±1.05 kg with a range of 16 to 47 and 27.5±0.56 with a range of 13 to 57, respectively. While for female counterpart mean body weights (kg) were 28.4±0.35 with a range of 17 to 45 for Boset and 27.5±0.33 with a range 15 to 57 for Minjar Shenkora district. Heart girth had the highest correlation with body weight in both sexes and shoulder width in Boset male goats. The wider variation in most quantitative measurement traits would open an opportunity for further improvement, conservation and utilization work.
Heat Stress Mitigation with Fogging System of Anatolian Water Buffaloes
Authors: Kocaman İsrafil , Şişman Can Burak , Kurç Hüseyin Cömert
Published: November 2021

This research was carried out to investigate the possibilities of removing the heat stress that may occur in Anatolian water buffaloes with a fogging system and to determine the cooling efficiency of the system. In this context, two 24-headed groups were formed among the water buffaloes that were considered to have the same genetic similarities, were born in the same period and have the same lactation number. One group was housed under controlled shelter conditions (Shelter-I), where the ambient temperature can be controlled, and the other group was housed in existing farmer-raising conditions (Shelter-II). The same feed rations were applied to both buffalo groups. The cooling efficiency of the fogging system established in Shelter-I was between 45.6% and 85.7% positive. Temperature-Humidity Index values changed between 19.9 and 23.1 in Shelter-I and 19.5 and 26.4 in Shelter-II according to the maximum average data. According to these values, the level of stress in Shelter-II has reached very serious levels and affected the milk yield of buffaloes negatively. The corrected 305-day lactation milk yields were calculated as 1965.4 kg in Shelter-I and 1757.1 kg in Shelter-II. The differences between all data obtained for Shelter-I and Shelter-II were found statistically significant.
Effect of Four Irrigation Regimes and Different Fertilizers on Vegetative Growth and Fruit Parameters of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Ali Mahmud , Gençoğlan Cafer , Gençoğlan Serpil
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of four levels of irrigation water and three kinds of fertilizer on components of field-grown eggplant (Solanum melongena) in the years 2017 and 2018. Treatments included four irrigation regimes, which were 100% (I100, control), 80% (I80), 60% (I60), and 40% (I40) of evaporation from Class A pan and three different fertilizers, which were chemical fertilizer (CHF) with 40 kg da-1, organic fertilizer (OF) and developed organic fertilizer (DOF) with 2000 kg da-1. The experiment was designed with a split-plot randomized block with 3 replications. In experimental years, all irrigation treatments were irrigated 12 and 13 times, respectively with a drip irrigation system. Irrigation water amounts applied at I40, I60, I80, I100 in 2017 as 122, 183, 244, 305 mm and in 2018 were 147, 218, 289, 360 mm respectively. Seasonal plant water consumption values are in 2017, 2018 years respectively as follow: I40; 265 mm, 277 mm I60; 326 mm, 342 mm, I80; 386 mm; 382 mm, I100; 447 mm, 423 mm. In both experiment years, the effect of irrigation levels on plant components was statistically significant, the highest value of each component in both seasons was at I100 treatment, it was determined respectively as follow: Plant height PH (67.3 to 89.8 cm), branches number per plant BN (5.1 and 7.0), fruit number per plant FN (5.3 and 7.0), fruit weight FW (190.33 and 198.22 g).
Food spoilage and Microorganisms
Authors: Sevindik Mustafa , Uysal Imran
Published: November 2021

Food spoilage is an undesirable process and is a serious problem for humans. There are many factors that accelerate and affect food spoilage. In this study, microbial behaviors in foods, microorganisms causing food spoilage and beneficial microorganisms are mentioned.
Phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of two slightly consumed wild mushrooms (Lentinus squarrosulus and Auricularia politrich) in three regions from center Ivory Coast
Authors: Atta Anno Hermann Fourier , Anon Hyacinthe Attoh , Amoin Gisèle Koffi , Kouamé Kouassi Appolinaire , Eugène Kouadio Jean Parfait
Published: November 2021

Mushrooms contain a variety of secondary metabolites, including various phenolic compounds, which have been shown to act as excellent antioxidants. In this study, the contents of total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins of mushrooms methanolic extracts were evaluated by colorimetric assays to ranges of 277.36±0.66 to 420.86±0.90 mg (GAE)/100g DW; 31.99±0.90 to 90.90±0.07mg (QE)/100g DW and 150.61±0.16 to 220.47±1.01mg (TAE)/100g DW respectively. HPLC-profiles of methanolic extracts indicated that the individual phenolic compounds found to the samples of the species of mushrooms that are Lentinus squarrosulus and Auricularia politrich revealed us that gallic acid, catechin, acid ρ-hydroxybenzoїc, acid ellagique and naringerin were presented to the level of the two species. With respect to organic acids, the results showed that citric acid and fumaric acid was the major organic acid in all the samples of both mushrooms species. The methanolic extracts of the two mushrooms exhibited the high DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 34.10±1.12 to 58.95±0.52%. These data indicated that these mushrooms could constitute a potential good source of natural antioxidant for the local population.
DETEKSI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DENGAN METODE FRAUD DIAMOND PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA
Authors: Nor Aini Aprilia Selvia Renzy , Furqani Astri
Published: November 2021

Kecurangan dalam penyajian laporan keuangan merupakan hal yang sangat urgent dan jadi perhatian, khususnya di dunia perbankan yang beberapa tahun belakangan telah terjadi kecurangan. Dan  supaya tindakan ini dapat terdeteksi dan dapat dihilangkan, sehingga laporan keuangan bisa dipercaya oleh para pemegang kepentingan seperti investor, kreditor dan masyarakat.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan jasa sub sektor bank dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk penentuan sampel dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 43 perusahaaan dan sampel sebanyak 22 perusahaan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan menggunakan metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statistik deskriptif, analisis regresi linear berganda dan uji hipotesis dengan program SPSS versi 22. Berdasarkan  pada hasil dari pengujian hipotesis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini membuktikan 8 hipotesis pada penelitian ini, yaitu (1) Financial Targets berpengaruh negatif terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. (2) Financial Stability berpengaruh negatif terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. (3) External Pressure berpengaruh negatif  terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. (4) Nature of Industry berpengaruh positif terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. (5) Ineffective Monitoring berpengaruh positif terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. (6) Opini Auditor berpengaruh negatif  terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. (7) Rationalization berpengaruh positif terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. (8) Capability tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.
PENERAPAN PENCATATAN PERSEDIAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN LABA PADA PT SMART LIVING INDO
Authors: Dwi Safitri Galuh Setyowati , Kustiningsih Nanik
Published: November 2021

Persediaan barang Pada PT Smart Living Indo yang belum efektif dan efisien ini yang melatarbelakangi penelitian, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pencatatan persedian yang sesuai dengan PSAK (Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan) No. 14 Tahun 2015 dalam menentukan harga pokok penjualan dan laba yang didapatkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kombinasi (mixed methods). Yang dimana penelitian ini menganalisis perbandingan antara penilaian menggunakan metode FIFO dengan metode average. Pengumpulan data ada pada penelitian ini meliputi pengamatan (observasi), wawancara, dokumentasi, kemudian disajikan dalam rekap perbandingan oleh perusahaan. Analisis yang dilakukan langsung ditempat acuannya untuk melakukan observasi. Dan memberikan hasil dalam penilaian persediaan dengan menggunakan metode FIFO menghasilkan harga pokok penjualan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan metode average. Sehingga dimana laba yang didapatkan dalam perusahaan akan lebih banyak, hal tersebut penelitian menyarankan dalam perusahaan ini menggunakan metode FIFO didalam penilaian persediaannya guna untuk meningkatkan laba.
In vitro biosynthesis of organic selenium by Lactobacillus casei from inorganic selenium forms
Authors:   Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt, ZOMMARA MOHSEN , EL-AZIZ ABD EL-AZIZ M. ABD , ELGAMMAL NOHA A. , PROKISCH JÓZSEF , SWELAM SEHAM
Published: November 2021

The bioconversion of selenium in the form of sodium selenite (Na2 SeO3 ) (SeIV) or sodium selenate (Na2 SeO4 ) (SeVI) to organic form by Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) was investigated in vitro. MRS media was supplemented with 1, 2, 5, 10 or 20 ppm of Se, inoculated with 2% starter culture with about 105 cfu/ ml of L. casei and then incubated up to 24 hrs at 37o C. Increasing of selenite “Se(IV)” concentrations in the media markedly reduced the bacterial growth compared to selenate “Se(VI)” indicating cytotoxic effect of selenite. The media supplemented with 5 ppm or more of Se(IV) became reddish after 24 hr of incubation as a result of the formation of 100-200 nanometer particles of selenium (SeNPs). Se speciation of the cultured media supernatants and its corresponding cell fractions was carried out by HPLC-ICP-MS technique. The bioconversion rate of Se to organic form by L. casei was extremely higher in Se(IV) than Se(VI) in both fractions, however the media supernatant contained the highest content. Increasing the media Se content resulted in gradual increase of organic Se concentration in both cells and supernatant fractions. The medium supplemented with 1 ppm Se(IV) was completely depleted from the inorganic Se as it completely converted to organic form. Although the cell fractions from all Se(VI) supplemented media contained only organic Se, the media supernatant contained significant residual amount of the inorganic form. Our results demonstrate the ability of L. casei to convert Se(IV) or Se(VI) up to 20 ppm to organic form(s) either in the cultured media or inside the bacterial cells. However, Se(IV) but not Se(VI), at a limit concentration of 1 ppm, was completely converted and accumulated in an organic form in the cell fraction and the cultured medium.
Optimization of Fermentation Process for Improving Soy Isoflavones Aglycone Content in Bean Dregs by Lactobacillus plantarum PL70a
Authors:   Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China, HENG XINYU , CHEN HUAYOU , LI JIBIN , CAI KANGTAO , LU CHENXI
Published: November 2021

Aglycone-type soy isoflavones have higher biological activity than glycoside-type soy isoflavones. Bean dregs are rich in glycoside-type soy isoflavones. In order to improve the biological activity of soy isoflavones in bean dregs, the Lactobacillus plantarum PL70a was screened and the fermentation process of converting glycoside-type soy isoflavones into aglycone-type in bean dregs was optimized by single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology. The optimal fermentation process was as follows: (NH4)2SO4 was added in an amount of 0.17%, glucoamylase was added in an amount of 0.87%, inoculation amount was 17%, sucrose was added in an amount of 1.3%, and fermentation time was 3 days. Under this process, the content of aglycone-type soy isoflavones in bean dregs significantly increased. Trypsin inhibitors and antigen proteins were almost removed. The fermentation process provides a good reference for the low-cost processing of high-quality soy isoflavone aglycone food.