bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating clinical and laboratory findings and mortality rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 inpatients
Authors: ÖZSOY Metin , CESUR Salih , ATAMAN HATİPOGLU Cigdem , ERDİNÇ Şebnem , TUNCER ERTEM Gunay , KINIKLI Sami
Published: January 2023

Aim: COVID-19 is an important public health problem in world and Turkey. The present study aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory findings and mortality rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 inpatients.Material and Method: We included patients receiving inpatient treatment in COVID-19 wards of our hospital between April 25 and October 22, 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: those with and without the COVID-19 vaccine. We extracted patient information from anamnesis files and the hospital information system. Then, we recorded the patients’ epidemiological and laboratory findings and vaccination status. Patients with at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were considered “vaccinated.” We performed Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test to analyze the data. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS, and a p-value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.Results: The study included 63 vaccinated and 83 unvaccinated patients. With a mean age of 71.4±12.3 years, thirty (47.6%) of the vaccinated patients were females, and 33 (52.3%) were males. Of the unvaccinated ones, 40 (48.1%) were females, while 43 (51.8%) were males (mean age=52.2±14.4 years). The mean age was significantly higher in the vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group (p<0.01). While 82.5% of the vaccinated patients received two doses, 17.5% received three doses of the COVID vaccine. Besides, 95.3% of the patients received their first dose of inactivated vaccine (Sinovac, China) and 4.7% of an mRNA vaccine (BioNTech, Germany). We found that comorbidities were significantly more prevalent in the vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group (44 (69.8%) vaccinated and 34 (40.9%) unvaccinated patients had a comorbid disease, p<0.01). Among the accompanying diseases, hypertension was significantly more prevalent in the vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group (p<0.01). Considering their laboratory findings, the vaccinated patients had significantly higher leukocyte, troponin, and ferritin values than the unvaccinated patients (p=0.008). Consequently, five (57.9) of the vaccinated patients and 4 (4.8%) of the unvaccinated patients died (p=0.05). Conclusion: Similar mortality rates between our vaccinated and unvaccinated patients may be attributed to the fact that the vaccinated group was relatively older, had more comorbid diseases, and received their second dose after an average of 100.6 days following their first dose of inactivated vaccine. In conclusion, further clinical research involving more cases that received different COVID-19 vaccines is needed to uncover the factors affecting mortality and morbidity among vaccinated patients.
A hőkezelés alkalmazási lehetőségei a kriminalisztikai üvegvizsgálatokban
Authors: Vörös Tamás , Takács Krisztina , Szabó Attila , Krizsán Attila
Published: January 2023

Aim: In this paper, our primary aim is to present the results of our experiments, carried out at the Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, as well as the possible applications of annealing in the forensic investigation of glasses.Methodology: The question that typically arises and requires forensic examinations in connection with crimes involving the breaking of glasses (e. g. burglary, vandalism) is whether the glass fragments recovered from the suspect’s garment can originate from any of the broken samples found on the scene of the crime. A common method for forensic investigation of glass microfragments is the refractive index measurement. In cases when the refractive index of the recovered fragments and the reference is the same, it is probable that they originate from the same source. These investigations can be supplemented by the heat treatment of the glass samples under controlled conditions followed by the measurement of the refractive index. In this work we present this method via examples, comparing the results with previous literature data.Findings: As a result of annealing, a structural rearrangement takes place inside the glass fragments and the refractive index changes. The extent of this change is characteristic of the glass types due to the different internal stress present in the different types. Besides establishing a more precise relationship of origin, this method also makes it possible to determine glasses by type. Annealing has also been successfully applied in cases where direct comparison of the recovered fragments with the reference sample would have given false results due to the significant heat effect (e. g. fire) on the control sample after the crime.Value: We have successfully applied annealing to determine the type of glasses, to examine the possibilities of origin, and to analyze glasses exposed to heat, thus helping to answer forensic questions in criminal cases.
OPEN INNOVATION: A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND CASE STUDY OF HUAWEI
Authors: Li Bo , Xu Zeshui , Wu Hangyao , Hong Nan , Skare Marinko
Published: January 2023

Open innovation (OI) has received significant attention from practices and theories over the past decades. This paper investigates the role of OI and personalized patterns in firms at home and abroad, and then measures the risks involved. Firstly, this paper reviews the definition of OI, the business model innovation characteristics, and the facing problems in practice. Based on the existing literature, we illustrate the openness and challenges of business OI. By introducing bibliometrics, this paper presents a whole research framework. Based on keywords cooccurrence analysis and clustering analysis, we locate the current research hotspots and potential research opportunities from a comprehensive perspective. According to the analysis results, five clusters are obtained, including resource management and value creation; collective innovation and form sustainability; innovation management, intellectual property management, and crossborder cooperation; knowledge management and knowledge sharing; innovation ecosystem, big data, and policy-level innovation. Taking Huawei as an example, its typical business OI model is studied from the perspectives of organizational, project-related, marketing and consumer-based, and summaries the facing challenges and risks. We illustrate its financial performance, innovation performance, and development prospects. We found that, during the implementation of OI practical activities and theoretical exploration, the risks and opportunities facing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are multiple dimensional.
Kepler-102: Masses and Compositions for a Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Orbiting an Active Star
Authors: Brinkman Casey L. , Cadman James , Weiss Lauren , Gaidos Eric , Rice Ken , Huber Daniel , Claytor Zachary R. , Bonomo Aldo S. , Buchhave Lars A. , Cameron Andrew Collier , Cosentino Rosario , Dumusque Xavier , Martinez Fiorenzano Aldo F. , Ghedina Adriano , Harutyunyan Avet , Howard Andrew , Isaacson Howard , Latham David W. , López-Morales Mercedes , Malavolta Luca , Micela Giuseppina , Molinari Emilio , Pepe Francesco , Philips David F. , Poretti Ennio , Sozzetti Alessandro , Udry Stéphane
Published: January 2023

Radial velocity (RV) measurements of transiting multiplanet systems allow us to understand the densities and compositions of planets unlike those in the solar system. Kepler-102, which consists of five tightly packed transiting planets, is a particularly interesting system since it includes a super-Earth (Kepler-102d) and a sub-Neptune-sized planet (Kepler-102e) for which masses can be measured using RVs. Previous work found a high density for Kepler-102d, suggesting a composition similar to that of Mercury, while Kepler-102e was found to have a density typical of sub-Neptune size planets; however, Kepler-102 is an active star, which can interfere with RV mass measurements. To better measure the mass of these two planets, we obtained 111 new RVs using Keck/HIRES and Telescopio Nazionale Galileo/HARPS-N and modeled Kepler-102's activity using quasiperiodic Gaussian process regression. For Kepler-102d, we report a mass upper limit M

d
< 5.3 M
⊕ (95% confidence), a best-fit mass M

d
= 2.5 ± 1.4 M
⊕, and a density ρ

d
= 5.6 ± 3.2 g cm−3, which is consistent with a rocky composition similar in density to the Earth. For Kepler-102e we report a mass M

e
= 4.7 ± 1.7 M
⊕ and a density ρ

e
= 1.8 ± 0.7 g cm−3. These measurements suggest that Kepler-102e has a rocky core with a thick gaseous envelope comprising 2%–4% of the planet mass and 16%–50% of its radius. Our study is yet another demonstration that accounting for stellar activity in stars with clear rotation signals can yield more accurate planet masses, enabling a more realistic interpretation of planet interiors.
Cosmic Evolution of Gas and Star Formation
*
Authors: Scoville Nick , Faisst Andreas , Weaver John , Toft Sune , McCracken Henry J. , Ilbert Olivier , Diaz-Santos Tanio , Staguhn Johannes , Koda Jin , Casey Caitlin , Sanders David , Mobasher Bahram , Chartab Nima , Sattari Zahra , Capak Peter , Vanden Bout Paul , Bongiorno Angela , Vlahakis Catherine , Sheth Kartik , Yun Min , Aussel Herve , Laigle Clotilde , Masters Dan
Published: January 2023

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the long-wavelength dust continuum are used to estimate the gas masses in a sample of 708 star-forming galaxies at z = 0.3−4.5. We determine the dependence of gas masses and star formation efficiencies (SFEs; SFR per unit gas mass) on redshift (z), M
*, and star formation rate (SFR) relative to the main sequence (MS). We find that 70% of the increase in SFRs of the MS is due to the increased gas masses at earlier epochs, while 30% is due to increased efficiency of star formation (SF). For galaxies above the MS this is reversed—with 70% of the increased SFR relative to the MS being due to elevated SFEs. Thus, the major evolution of star formation activity at early epochs is driven by increased gas masses, while the starburst activity taking galaxies above the MS is due to enhanced triggering of star formation (likely due to galactic merging). The interstellar gas peaks at z = 2 and dominates the stellar mass down to z = 1.2. Accretion rates needed to maintain continuity of the MS evolution reach >100 M
⊙ yr−1 at z > 2. The galactic gas contents are likely the driving determinant for both the rise in SF and AGN activity from z = 5 to their peak at z = 2 and subsequent fall at lower z. We suggest that for self-gravitating clouds with supersonic turbulence, cloud collisions and the filamentary structure of the clouds regulate the star formation activity.
Growth of a Massive Black Hole in a Dense Star Cluster Via Tidal Disruption Accretion
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Kim Ji-hoon , Oh Boon Kiat
Published: January 2023

Stars that are tidally disrupted by a massive black hole (MBH) may contribute significantly to the growth of the MBH, especially in dense nuclear star clusters. Yet, this tidal disruption accretion (TDA) of stars onto the MBH has largely been overlooked compared to the gas accretion (GA) channel in most numerical experiments until now. In this work, we implement a black hole growth channel via TDA in the high-resolution adaptive mesh refinement code Enzo to investigate its influence on an MBH seed’s early evolution. We find that an MBH seed grows rapidly from 103 to ≳106
M
⊙ in 200 Myr in some of the tested simulations. Compared to an MBH seed that grows only via GA, TDA can enhance the MBH’s growth rate by more than 1 order of magnitude. However, as predicted, TDA mainly helps the early growth of the MBH (from 103–4 to ≲105
M
⊙) while the later evolution is generally dominated by GA. We also observe that the star formation near the MBH is suppressed when TDA is the most active, sometimes with a visible cavity in gas (of size ∼ a few pc) created in the vicinity of the MBH. It is because the MBH may grow expeditiously with both GA and TDA, and the massive MBH could consume its neighboring gas faster than being replenished by gas inflows. Our study demonstrates the need to consider different channels of black hole accretion that may provide clues for the existence of supermassive black holes at high redshifts.
The Behavior of HgMn Stars in the Far UV—Paper 27: HD 1909
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: January 2023

The analysis of two spectra of the spectroscopic binary B9 Hg star HD 1909 recorded by the SWP camera on board the International Ultraviolet Explorer reveals one instance of variations of the far-ultraviolet flux of this star from 1300 up to 2000 Å. The first TESS lightcurve of HD 1909 on the MAST website is periodic with a period close to 7 days which is very close to an earlier period found for the variations of the Strömgren index u. The FUV variations, which occur over about 5 yr, could be caused by the motion of the lower mass companion.
Impacts of Organic Ice Condensation on the Optical Properties of Haze on Pluto
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Fan Siteng , Liu Chao , Natraj Vijay , Young Leslie A. , Yung Yuk L.
Published: January 2023

The flyby of the New Horizons spacecraft in 2015 July revealed an unexpected cold atmosphere of Pluto and confirmed the existence of its atmospheric haze. The observed and simulated vertical profiles of chemical species and microphysical processes suggest that the haze particles in Pluto’s middle and lower atmosphere may contain organic ice condensation. Such organic ice components can potentially affect Pluto’s haze chemistry and optical properties, as well as its energy budget. This study investigates the influence of the ice components on the scattering properties of Pluto’s haze by comparing New Horizons observations and simulated particle scattering properties. Comprehensive tests are performed for various haze particle parameters, including their size, chemical component, ice content, and morphology. Scattering properties of these ice-bearing haze particles are calculated by a discrete dipole approximation method and compared to multispectral observations obtained by four New Horizons instruments in spectral regions ranging from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared. The results indicate that the inclusion of the organic ice component leads to higher ratios of backscattering in the visible to extinction in the ultraviolet and provides better agreement with observations compared to monodispersed homogeneous aggregates. But it alone is not sufficient to explain the observed forward scattering values in the visible and near-infrared. Therefore, other scattering sources and/or mechanisms are still required to explain the full set of scattering observations. Further observations, as well as laboratory measurements and numerical tests, are anticipated to improve our understanding of the morphology and ice content of Pluto’s haze.
Pluto’s Surface Mapping Using Unsupervised Learning from Near-infrared Observations of LEISA/Ralph
Authors: Emran A. , Dalle Ore C. M. , Ahrens C. J. , Khan M. K. H. , Chevrier V. F. , Cruikshank D. P.
Published: January 2023

We map the surface of Pluto using an unsupervised machine-learning technique using the near-infrared observations of the LEISA/Ralph instrument on board NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft. The principal-component-reduced Gaussian mixture model was implemented to investigate the geographic distribution of the surface units across the dwarf planet. We also present the likelihood of each surface unit at the image pixel level. Average I/F spectra of each unit were analyzed—in terms of the position and strengths of absorption bands of abundant volatiles such as N2, CH4, and CO and nonvolatile H2O—to connect the unit to surface composition, geology, and geographic location. The distribution of surface units shows a latitudinal pattern with distinct surface compositions of volatiles—consistent with the existing literature. However, previous mapping efforts were based primarily on compositional analysis using spectral indices (indicators) or implementation of complex radiative transfer models, which need (prior) expert knowledge, label data, or optical constants of representative end-members. We prove that an application of unsupervised learning in this instance renders a satisfactory result in mapping the spatial distribution of ice compositions without any prior information or label data. Thus, such an application is specifically advantageous for a planetary surface mapping when label data are poorly constrained or completely unknown, because an understanding of surface material distribution is vital for volatile transport modeling at the planetary scale. We emphasize that the unsupervised learning used in this study has wide applicability and can be expanded to other planetary bodies of the solar system for mapping surface material distribution.
Ekapa, a new genus of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Entypesidae) from South Africa
Authors: Ríos-Tamayo Duniesky , Lyle Robin , Sole Catherine L.
Published: January 2023

A new genus of mygalomorph spider Ekapagen. nov., is described from South Africa. The new genus was formed to include the species Hermacha curvipes Purcell, 1902 and Hermacha nigra Tucker, 1917. These species are synonymized based on their somatic similarities, such as fovea shape, cheliceral teeth distribution, ocular pattern, presence of preening combs, and their close geographic distribution. The new genus proposed is distinguished by the presence of a projection in the retroventral side of the palpal tibia in males, together with a distinctive copulatory bulb shape; and in females by the shape of their spermathecae, with a high base and apical stalks that open into oval apical receptacles.
Effects of the invasive leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) on plant community structure are altered by management history
Authors: Liu Catherine , Groff Terava , Anderson Erin , Brown Charlotte , Cahill Jr James F. , Paulow Lee , Bennett Jonathan A.
Published: January 2023

Invasive species threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, often causing changes in plant community composition and, thus, the functional traits of that community. Quantifying changes in traits can help us understand invasive species impacts on communities; however, both the invader and the plant community may be responding to the same environmental drivers. In North America, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a problematic invader that reduces plant diversity and forage production for livestock. Its documented effects on plant communities differ amongst studies, however, potentially due to differences in productivity or land management. To identify the potential effects of leafy spurge on plant communities, we quantified leafy spurge abundance, plant species richness, forage production, functional group composition and community weighted mean traits, intensively at a single site and extensively across ten sites differing in management. We then tested how leafy spurge abundance related to these variables as a function of site management activities. Leafy spurge abundance was consistently associated with fewer plant species, reduced forage production and more invasive grass. Community-weighted specific root length also consistently increased with leafy spurge abundance, suggesting that belowground competition may be important in determining co-existence with leafy spurge. Other changes were dependent on management. Native forbs were excluded as leafy spurge became more abundant, but only in grazed sites as these species were already absent from ungrazed sites. Taller plants better persisted in dense leafy spurge patches, but only in grazed sites, consistent with either facilitation of taller species via associational defences or competitive exclusion of shorter species in ungrazed sites and dense leafy spurge patches. These results show that, despite some emergent properties of invasion, management context can alter invasion impacts by causing changes in the plant community and its interactions with the invader.
Corrigendum: Salvi D, Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Berrilli E, Garzia M (2022) Cryptic marine diversity in the northern Arabian Gulf: an integrative approach uncovers a new species of oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2022: 7058975. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7058975
Authors: Salvi Daniele , Al-Kandari Manal , Oliver P. Graham , Berrilli Emanuele , Garzia Matteo
Published: January 2023

Here we provide a Code-compliant description of Ostrea oleomargarita Oliver, Salvi, and Al-Kandari, sp. nov as reported in Salvi et al. (2022) and complemented with the ZooBank registration numbers of the publication and of the new species name.

Results of phylogenetic, species delimitation, and morphological analyses on which the systematic assessment of this new species is based can be found in Salvi et al. (2022).
Mejores prácticas y excelencia empresarial. Análisis de una PYME exportadora mexicana
Authors: Arredondo Hidalgo María Guadalupe , Caldera González Diana del Consuelo , Ortega Carrillo Miguel Agustín
Published: January 2023

L’excellence entrepreneuriale d’une petite entreprise exportatrice mexicaine du secteur de la chaussure, qui existe depuis plus de huit décennies, est analysée. La méthodologie est mixte. Dans la phase quantitative, une enquête basée sur le modèle européen d’excellence (EFQM) a été appliquée. La phase qualitative a consisté en des entretiens semi-structurés. Les résultats montrent que l’entreprise a obtenu 855 points sur l’échelle EFQM (1 000 points). Les critères les mieux évalués sont: la performance des personnes (92,78 %), les partenariats-ressources (92,64 %), la politique et la stratégie (90,33 %). Les critères les moins bien évalués sont: la performance de la société (74,42 %) et les personnes (74,83 %). Nous concluons que cette entreprise est excellente et que le cas est pertinent pour évaluer de meilleures pratiques entrepreneuriales, en reproduisant la méthodologie dans des PME similaires d’Amérique latine.
The challenges of conducting online inquiry-based learning among tertiary level education
Authors: Bekteshi Edita , Gollopeni Besim , Avdiu Eliza
Published: January 2023

Online learning has become important approach in education nowadays, that requires practical changes at all levels of education. These educational changes can be best noticed through students who have experienced three phases on learning in higher education: Pandemic era-the isolated learning from homes, hybrid learning-home combined with in-class learning, and the recent/traditional phase: all-in-class learning. As such, 159 students/future teachers participated in the study in order to see the differences regarding online learning and their attitudes towards inquiry-based learning (IBL) in English classes. The results reveal that future teachers did not have any previous experience in online learning before Covid-19 and they are not eager to learn online, however, if they have to, then inquiry is their best learning as it triggers their critical thinking and self-paced learning, especially focused in the ‘Exploration Phase’. The study concludes that inquiry-based learning via online is considered very powerful, however, teachers need to effortlessly embrace novice, ‘ad-hoc’ practical educational changes, as these current development practices require pedagogical training practices for online teaching, in line with substantive application of the online teaching tools.
Improving preservice chemistry teachers’ critical thinking and science process skills using research-oriented collaborative inquiry learning
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto
Published: January 2023

This research aims to enhance preservice teachers’ critical thinking and science process skills using Research-Oriented Collaborative Inquiry Learning (REORCILEA). Sixty-four preservice chemistry teachers attended the General Chemistry course over 8 weeks in an Indonesian public university. In a quasi-experimental design, two intact classes were randomly assigned as the experimental and control groups. The Rubric for Critical Thinking Skills, the Observation Checklist for Science Process Skills, and a semi-structured interview protocol were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test, while the results of semi-structured interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the t-test revealed that the REORCILEA was found more effective than the expository teaching model in fostering students’ critical thinking and science process skills. The results of the interviews also indicated that experimental group students had a more positive perception of REORCILEA. Regarding these findings, instructors are recommended to apply the REORCILEA model in order to promote students’ critical thinking, science process skills, and motivation to learn in STEM-related courses.
Recherche en histoire de l’acoustique moderne
Authors: Tkaczyk Viktoria , Ribac François
Published: January 2023

Dans cet entretien, Viktoria Tkaczyk, directrice de l’équipe « Epistemes of Modern Acoustics » au Max Planck Institute de Berlin traite des travaux en cours, des perspectives de recherche et du tournant sonore dans l’histoire des sciences. Elle présente son groupe de travail et leurs objets de recherche, une série de travaux sur la place du son et de la musique dans les sciences depuis la Révolution scientifique. Elle rend compte de la façon dont émergent une conception et une autre histoire des sciences en donnant à certains acteurs une place qu’ils/elles n’avaient pas et en montrant comment le son a été utilisé, par exemple par Mach, comme un outil de connaissance pour explorer des terrains non soniques, édifier des laboratoires, produire des objets, etc. Elle résume un panorama de travaux, peu connus en France, qui croisent histoire des sciences, sound studies et savoirs de la musique. Musique et son sont abordés sous l’angle de l’histoire des sciences, des mesures et des standardisations ; en même temps, l’histoire des sciences est en quelque sorte « resonorisée ».
La dépossession par la terreur et la persécution dans les récits diaristiques juifs-allemands de Victor Klemperer et Willy Cohn
Authors: Sepp Arvi , Augustyns Annelies
Published: January 2023

Les diaristes juifs-allemands Victor Klemperer et Willy Cohn ont tenu un journal intime pour préserver par-dessus tout leur identité individuelle et leur liberté d’expression contre le régime national-socialiste. Leurs détails diaristiques révèlent le point de vue des victimes quant à l’étranglement permanent de leur espace d’action. La vie quotidienne, dont les diaristes essaient de retenir le caractère éphémère dans leurs notes, est en même temps soumise à une angoisse existentielle permanente. Dans ce contexte, le quotidien représente un endroit dans lequel on retrouve la sécurité et l’ordre auxquels on aspire tant, mais qui peut néanmoins être frappé soudainement par la mort. La terreur omniprésente y est décrite comme aléatoire et arbitraire, de sorte qu’il est impossible pour les victimes d’évaluer et de prédire ce qui va leur arriver et quand. Les deux auteurs concernés deviennent de ce fait des objets vulnérables qui doivent se plier à la cruauté des caprices du régime et essaient de trouver des stratégies compensatoires.
Role of Black Faculty as Surrogate Parents in the Counseling Profession
Authors: Hendricks Lavelle
Published: January 2023

Black faculty play a key role in the overall development of Black students on a college/university campus. Aside from being instructors of record, Black faculty serve as surrogate parents for many students. Black faculty are the ones who encourage students to seek assistance with mental health issues and other challenges faced on campus. It's important that Black faculty expose students to new horizons and opportunities on a college/university campus. However, the chief aim is to provide Black students with a skill set of knowledge preparing them for the next chapters in their lives.
Black Leadership From the HBCU Perspective
Authors: Mayo Michelle
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides readers with an overview of what leadership looks like from the HBCU perspective. The author provides an overview of experiences that she had working at various institutional types and what led her to working at a HBCU. The author will provide insight to some of her experiences that shaped and molded how she views her role at an HBCU and a Black leader in higher education. Additionally, she discusses lessons learned from her experiences. The chapter concludes with some questions for practitioners and graduate students to consider if they desire to work at a HBCU.
Roles and Challenges of the Black Professorate at a PWI
Authors: McAllister John Wesley
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the experiences, roles, and challenges of Black faculty administrators at a PWI. This chapter also discusses culture and climate, which are two major factors that contribute to retention and advancement of Black faculty members at PWIs. This chapter discusses the publish or perish aspect of being a faculty member as well as the duties that faculty administrators have. Lastly, this chapter discusses the unwritten rules of survival at PWIs for Black faculty and faculty administrators.
Perspectives From a Black Male HESA Professor at an HBCU and a HWCU
Authors: McMickens Tryan L.
Published: January 2023

A Black male higher education professor will share his experiences as a faculty leader engaged in teaching, research, and service in a public comprehensive Historically Black College or University (HBCU) and compare it to his previous experience on the faculty of a private Historically White College and University (HWCU). Research that draws on the experiences of faculty of color in higher education and student affairs programs will be offered. Using experiential knowledge, this chapter offers perspectives about the adventures of a Black male higher education professor, ideas on what it means to be Black and a leader in higher education, and the meaningful impact a Black male professor can have on higher education.
Roles and Experiences of Black Leadership in Higher Education Graduate Programs
Authors: Brown Walter Andre
Published: January 2023

The chapter provides personal insight of first-hand leadership experiences in higher education from the perspective of a Black male in four parts. The first part of the chapter describes the role and the impact on various shareholders. The second part addresses the role of Black leaders in higher education in the broader since that includes challenges, decision making, comfort level, and implications. The third part considers the ideal situation for Black leaders in higher education including the type of institution, resources, and needed support from leadership to be successful in the role. The fourth and final part provides eight questions that could be useful for higher education graduate programs that reflect program planning initiative, budgets, assessment, and sustainability.
A Real Conversation for Black Faculty and Administrators in Pursuit of Jobs in Higher Education
Authors: Silver Joseph
Published: January 2023

This chapter seeks to chronicle the challenges and successes of Black faculty and administrators in higher education through the lens of one person who started in the academy as an instructor of political science and ended his career as president of an institution and owner of a successful consulting firm. The main theme throughout the chapter is being clear on your “purpose,” which then positions one to make a difference in higher education. Within the chapter, there are “take aways” after each section that will serve as a guide for new Black faculty and Black administrators who are seeking jobs and careers in higher education. In this chapter, there is a call for advocacy for new Black faculty and administrators by those Black faculty and administrators who have risen through the ranks. Presidential support is also discussed in the success matrix. The author stresses that self-work should be known and amplified during the negotiation process for jobs, promotion, and tenure. This includes being intentional about one's research interest and understanding the promotion and tenure process.
Approaches to E-Learning Pedagogy
Authors: Williams Vasanthi Reena
Published: January 2023

The advent of Industry 4.0, bringing in technological innovations, is taking the teaching-learning process to the level of eteaching and elearning. Post pandemic, it is observed that students are getting disconnected from the chalk and talk method and being drawn to other sources of learning (YouTube) for their education requirements. The humongous information available on the internet is drawing attention of learners. The current lecture-based education does not ensure sufficient student engagement and is seemingly a one-way process. Syllabus being pre-defined, teaching gets disconnected from real-life problems. The focus requires creating an effective epedagogy. Educationists, universities, and governments across the globe are primarily focusing on the sector as the elearning market, which was $165.36 billion in 2014 and is forecast to grow to $3255 billion by 2025, according to statistics from Forbes. This chapter attempts to analyse approaches to elearning pedagogy through various literature.
Predicting Students' Intention to Use Learning Technologies via the Mediation of Their Perceived Benefits
Authors: Dubey Pushkar , Sahu Kailash Kumar , Dubey Parul
Published: January 2023

Quality education is what the world needs for better and improved lives and livelihood. But now, in the times of COVID-19, educational institutions are struggling to attract and retain students. In view of this, the present research investigates the mediating effect of students' perceived benefits (SPB) to technology-enhanced learning (TEL) in the link between various TEL factors (i.e., informational quality [IQ], compatibility [CM], resource availability [RA], self-efficacy [SE], subjective norms [SN], subject interest [SI], and institutional branding [IB]) and their intention to use TEL among Chhattisgarh's private and government institutes' students enrolled in the different non-technical courses. Purposive sampling technique with ‘criterion variable' is incorporated. A total of 745 questionnaires were sent to collect data, and 600 of those responses were assessed to be of sufficient quality for analysis. The results revealed that SPB is partially mediated in the link between all the TEL factors and students' intention to use TEL.
A Systematic Literature Review on Student Engagement in Online Learning Amid COVID-19
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Singh Jitendra Kumar , Singh Ram , Neha  , Pruthi Nishita
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced educational institutions to shift to the online learning environment, leaving no time to train teachers to make students familiar with digital technologies. Engaging students in virtual learning is the major challenge faced by teachers. This study aims to provide answers to various research questions like: 1) What is the current state of research on student engagement in online learning during pandemic? 2) What are the student engagement strategies underpinning in literature? 3) Which theories are used in literature? 4) What are the antecedents of student engagement in online learning underpinning in literature? 5) What are the gaps in existing literature and scope for future research? This study is based on 24 studies published during 2020-2022. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to offer a comprehensive research on student engagement in online learning during COVID-19 with a context of Asian countries.
Challenges Faced by Affiliated Institutions (Tier- II) in Outcome-Based Education (OBE) Implementation
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Lochab Anshu , Mishra Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study is to identify the issues affiliated institutions faced during the effective implementation of outcome-based education (OBE). The literature from both empirical and conceptual papers has been taken in order to derive out the challenges before and during the implementation phase of OBE. Evident gaps in the initial phase of implementation were identified. Affiliated institutions faced many challenges in the way of OBE implementation. Lack of resources and inability to adopt change have become major hurdles on the way to OBE implementation. The present study is conducted on Affiliated Management Institute. The same can be replicated for other disciplines as well. The structured projected in the study will guide the management institutions in elevating their quality level.
Exploring the Linkage Amid Dimensions of Virtual Learning Service Quality, Virtual learning Learner Satisfaction, and Loyalty
Authors: Aggarwal Deepanshi , Jain Aastha , Jain Preeti
Published: January 2023

The core intention of this study is to examine the impact of virtual learning service quality attributes on the virtual learning learner's satisfaction and loyalty in India. The current study was conducted in universities of India's best cities for higher education according to the IIRF ranking 2022. Data were specifically collected from the universities who have implemented virtual courses. Three constructs with 35 statements are identified using the exploratory factor analysis. Virtual learning system quality, virtual learning instructor and content quality, and virtual learning management service quality were the three extracted factors. The findings of study revealed that the most significant factor is virtual learning system quality, followed by virtual learning instructor and content quality and virtual learning management quality among the numerous attributes of virtual learning service quality.
The Education Crisis
Authors: Lalos Christos
Published: January 2023

In the societies that existed before modern times, young people grew up in a world where the manners and the system of behavior were inherited from the older ones. The shepherds guided their children in their daily activities, in the family life and the life of the community; and participated in all ancestral ceremonies. Sociology, work, living conditions, and personal relationships—what is called “informal learning” in modern terminology—were something similar, within the context of the family, the kinship circle, and the church. In the later industrial societies, the subject of teaching and training was entrusted to specialized organizations. The school system became multi-functional and performed a series of tasks, such as childcare, ensuring equal opportunities and citizenship, imparting values, providing moral education, providing lifelong education values, and satisfying the needs of the labor market.
Do Pre-Service Teachers Inherently Develop Intercultural Awareness on Placements?
Authors: Tabuenca Cuevas Maria
Published: January 2023

This chapter will discuss the experiences of a group of pre-service Primary education teachers on the placement and development of their intercultural competence. Firstly, the concept of intercultural competence will be discussed and its importance in the field of education will be debated. Furthermore, a study will be presented in which students first take an intercultural sensitivity test and then write narratives regarding intercultural experiences while on placements. The analysis of the test and the narratives show that these pre-service teachers over-estimate their intercultural competence and are often unable to see past the description of the event from their own perspective. These results show that there is a real need to develop these competences and suggests a need to incorporate specific intercultural training before placements for this purpose.
A Road-Based 3D Navigation System in GIS: A Case Study of an Institute Campus
Authors: Bansal Vijay Kumar
Published: January 2023

A user-controlled navigation system is one of the important aspects of human-computer interaction. Finding best path from one location to another and navigating through that path has been a great concern in the geo-virtual navigation. Earlier studies on the geo-virtual navigation systems mainly focus on navigation and visualization, but lack in geo-spatial analysis. Geo-spatial analysis is the domain of geographic information systems (GIS) in which 3D geo-spatial information is used for navigation, geo-visualization, and geo-spatial analysis. The present study deals with wayfinding in the road network of the campus of National Institute of Technology (NIT) Hamirpur, India, in a hilly terrain. It facilitates perform various types of geo-spatial analyses on the road network and virtual travelling in a 3D space.
Development and Application of Interactive Teaching Systems for Online Design Courses
Authors: Ho Chun-Heng , Zhang Hang-qin , Li Juan , Zhang Min-quan
Published: January 2023

Digital education has recently become a mainstream education model. Despite digital education's increasing popularity, there remain issues when it comes to teacher-student interactions in digital space, which have made it impossible for this model to achieve the same teaching quality as traditional in-person education. Compared with other academic subjects, online courses in design practice have even more severe problems with teacher-student interaction. This study proposes a new teaching interaction assistance model in online design practice courses. The model uses the TAPs method to establish evaluation codes based on students' design thinking as well as through feedback-thinking related codes. This teaching interaction assistance model is established by combining these thinking codes and the LSTM model. This study takes an online design practice course as a case study, and the results have shown that this model can help teachers and students communicate more effectively and improve the teaching quality of online design practice courses.
Corporate Social Responsibility Knowledge Transfer in Interfirm Networks
Authors: Almashayekhi Abdullah
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the effects of the alliance network structural properties on corporate social responsibility (CSR) knowledge transfer in the interfirm network context. Alliances and partnerships allow firms to access valuable CSR knowledge. While most research investigating knowledge transfer focuses on the dyadic level, the current research investigates CSR knowledge transfer within the interfirm network context. By integrating data from multiple datasets, this study investigates how a firm centrality and brokerage in its interfirm network influence its acquisition of CSR knowledge. The findings of 298 firms show that firm betweenness centrality and network brokerage enhance CSR knowledge transfer from its alliance partners. To the contrary, the greater the number of alliance partners (i.e., degree centrality), the weaker is the firm's ability to acquire CSR knowledge.
Unrealistic Optimism Regarding Artificial Intelligence Opportunities in Human Resource Management
Authors: Weber Patrick
Published: January 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has many uses in domains like automotive and finance or business divisions like human resource management (HRM). This study presents a survey that was conducted among a German national sample (n = 79) of HRM personnel from small- and medium-sized enterprises regarding the expected impact of AI on their own and other companies. Indications for unrealistic optimism, i.e., assuming negative impacts are more likely for others than oneself, were identified. AI will play an increasingly important role, with cost reductions and efficiency gains serving as the highest motives and a lack of AI specialists representing the highest inhibitor. Participants assume that AI will reduce the number of employees in other companies, while it let the one in their own grow. They expect AI to take over more tasks in other companies and believe AI will more impact other companies' HRM, especially in administrative processing. Future research should include (repeated) investigations into other business divisions.
Recombinant Human Thrombomodulin Reduces Mortality and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Septic Peritonitis in Rats
Authors: Kono Hiroshi , Hosomura Naohiro , Amemiya Hidetake , Kawaida Hiromichi , Furuya Shinji , Shoda Katsutoshi , Akaike Hidenori , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Ichikawa Daisuke
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis in rats. Rats that underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were treated with or without rhTM, and then mortality was analyzed. In another set of experiments, ALI was assessed. Furthermore, microthrombosis in the lungs was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, plasma inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1), and IL-10, were evaluated by ELISA. Production of TNF-α and HMGB-1 by isolated tissue macrophages (Mφs) was assessed in vitro. Mortality after CLP was significantly improved by rhTM treatment. In addition, rhTM treatment improved the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs, the pulmonary microvascular permeability, and the lung injury scores in animals that underwent CLP. Microthrombosis was detected in the lungs after CLP. These pathophysiological changes were blunted by rhTM treatment. Increased plasma TNF-α and HMGB-1 levels were blunted by rhTM treatment; however, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly greater in the rhTM(+) group than in the rhTM(−) group. Increased TNF-α and HMGB-1 production by the tissue Mφs stimulated with LPS were significantly blunted by rhTM treatment in vitro, but the production of IL-10 by the tissue Mφs was not changed in the cells incubated with rhTM. Overall, rhTM improved the mortality caused by septic peritonitis. The possible mechanisms are most likely anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects, which lead to the prevention of ALI.
Long Noncoding RNA U90926 Is Induced in Activated Macrophages, Is Protective in Endotoxic Shock, and Encodes a Novel Secreted Protein
Authors: Sabikunnahar Bristy , Caldwell Sydney , Varnum Stella , Hogan Tyler , Cooper Alexei , Lahue Karolyn G , Bivona Joseph J , Cousens Phoebe M , Symeonides Menelaos , Ballif Bryan A , Poynter Matthew E , Krementsov Dimitry N
Published: January 2023

Thousands of long noncoding RNAs are encoded in mammalian genomes, yet most remain uncharacterized. In this study, we functionally characterized a mouse long noncoding RNA named U90926. Analysis of U90926 RNA levels revealed minimal expression across multiple tissues at steady state. However, the expression of this gene was highly induced in macrophages and dendritic cells by TLR activation, in a p38 MAPK- and MyD88-dependent manner. To study the function of U90926, we generated U90926-deficient (U9-KO) mice. Surprisingly, we found minimal effects of U90926 deficiency in cultured macrophages. Given the lack of macrophage-intrinsic effect, we investigated the subcellular localization of U90926 transcript and its protein-coding potential. We found that U90926 RNA localizes to the cytosol, associates with ribosomes, and contains an open reading frame that encodes a novel glycosylated protein (termed U9-ORF), which is secreted from the cell. An in vivo model of endotoxic shock revealed that, in comparison with wild type mice, U9-KO mice exhibited increased sickness responses and mortality. Mechanistically, serum levels of IL-6 were elevated in U9-KO mice, and IL-6 neutralization improved endotoxemia outcomes in U9-KO mice. Taken together, these results suggest that U90926 expression is protective during endotoxic shock, potentially mediated by the paracrine and/or endocrine actions of the novel U9-ORF protein secreted by activated myeloid cells.