bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic Interpretations of Cardiac Disorders in Dogs
Authors: Sahoo K.K. , Gupta D.K. , Mourya A. , Shahi A. , Das G. , Pathak S. , Kumar S. , Sawhney A. , Ahirwar M.K.
Published: August 2021

Background: Cardiac disorders are the second most common disorders after cancer in dogs. Cardiac disorders are often fatal and/or silent killers in canines. In our country, in the majority of cardiovascular disorders, there is a frequent omission by clinician and client due to lack of awareness. However, any cardiac abnormality requires to be dealt with top priority to avoid morbidity and mortality in the dog population. The present study was aimed to know the electrocardiographic interpretations of cardiac disorders in dogs. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 5110 dogs presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, from November 2019 to June 2020 were screened. Among them, 137 dogs had clinical signs about cardiac disorders were subjected to thorough electrocardiographic recordings for interpretations of various cardiac conduction anomalies. Result: Electrocardiography revealed various types of supraventricular and ventricular abnormalities. Among supraventricular disorders maximally wandering pacemaker (30.60%) was recorded followed by atrial fibrillation (22.58%), left atrial enlargement (8.06%) and sinus arrest (4.84%) in dogs. Among ventricular abnormalities; left ventricular enlargement, right ventricular enlargement and biventricular enlargement (i.e. 41.67%, 37.49% and 8.33%, respectively) were commonly diagnosed.
“O CONCILIADOR DO MARANHÃO” E “MEMÓRIA SOBRE A TIPOGRAFIA MARANHENSE” IMPRESSOS DO SÉCULO XIX: considerações sobre a matéria prima papel e ações extrínsecas invasivas praticadas por consulentes
Authors: DA SILVA REGIANE APARECIDA CAIRE
Published: August 2021

O estudo aborda ações invasivas caracterizadas por riscos, marcas e anotações caligráficas ocorridos em duas obras do século XIX, são elas: o jornal O Conciliador do Maranhão e o livro Memória sobre a tipografia maranhense, de José Maria Correa de Frias. Os motivos das escolhas se deram pelo fato do jornal ser a primeira impressão no Maranhão, em 1821, e o livro por tratar de um relato sensível e significativo do autor e impressor Frias referente às atividades gráficas daquele momento em São Luís. Abordou-se sobre o bem público, a educação patrimonial e a fragilidade do papel. Sobre este último o estudo apontou sua história e diferentes modos de fabricação, com destaque para o uso como matéria prima da impressão no oitocentos. Como resultado, infere-se que as obras sofreram interferências de consulentes específicos, e não agressões feitas por público leigo, e que os rastros deixados são irreversíveis e um mau exemplo.
AS VIVÊNCIAS MUSICAIS DA CAPITAL MARANHENSE SOANDO NOS JORNAIS OITOCENTISTAS (1850 – 1900)
Authors: GOUVEIA NETO JOÃO COSTA
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as vivências musicais ludovicenses entre 1850 e 1900, a partir dos anúncios vinculados em jornais que circulavam na capital maranhense. Nesse sentido, vivências musicais são um conjunto de práticas e representações relacionadas ao ato de frequentar os teatros, os bailes, as festas religiosas e cíveis, possuir e tanger um instrumento musical, participar de aulas de músicas dentre outros. Todas essas práticas estavam relacionadas aos modelos europeus de divertimento e elegância que as elites ludovicenses desejavam seguir e a partir das quais organizavam seus relacionamentos sociais.
A IMPRENSA E AS FESTAS POPULARES E NEGRAS NA ILHA DO MARANHÃO (1880-1929)
Authors: MARTINS CAROLINA
Published: August 2021

Este artigo propõe analisar o relevante papel da imprensa ludovicense no controle das festas populares e negras, assim como apresenta de que forma os festeiros tornaram os jornais um canal de expressão através do qual positivavam seus divertimentos. Em São Luís, a presença das manifestações culturais como o Bumba meu boi, os sambas, o tambor e as festas do Divino Espírito Santo foi assunto que gerou uma quantidade significativa de notícias e publicações nos jornais, sobretudo, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. As publicações eram, em sua maioria, reclamações sobre a realização de divertimentos que aconteciam com bastante frequência na cidade. Contudo, apesar das reclamações e da construção da imagem negativa que a imprensa ajudava a reforçar sobre os espaços festivos da classe trabalhadora, os festeiros utilizaram-se dos periódicos para apresentar uma autoimagem positiva e para sua própria defesa, quando necessário.
Freedom as the Antithesis of Commitment in Jean-Paul Sartre’s The Flies (Les Mouches)
Authors: Mostafa Hussein Wafaa A.
Published: August 2021

In the mid of the twentieth century, French Existentialism was a predominant doctrine that significantly enriched and influenced the literary scene in Europe during the Post-War area. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), the founder of Existentialism, is both a professional philosopher and a talented man of letters whose literary achievements represent a declarative embodiment of his Existentialist philosophy. In his 1943 drama, The Flies (Les Mouches), Sartre puts the Greek myth into a drastically innovative structure, where contemporary issues and values are presented through classical outlines. The current study aims to present a critical analysis of Sartre's depiction of the Electra/Orestes myth in The Flies through demonstrating how Greek mythology becomes an essential substructure of the play's Existentialistic framework, on the one hand, and questioning the credibility of the Sartrean concept of freedom and commitment, as illustrated in the play, on the other hand. The study utilizes the Existentialist philosophy as a theoretical framework in order to elucidate that the Sartrean conception of freedom and commitment is paradoxically antithetical. The research investigates how Orestes has been theoretically free and the extent to which he strives, throughout the drama, to transform this abstract freedom into a concrete experience by committing himself to a specific action: murdering Aegisthus and Clytemnestra. However, as the study proves, this Existentialist freedom becomes an illusion in the sense that Orestes' commitment to the Argives makes him a captive of society; by choosing commitment, he dismisses his freedom. The researcher has chosen "Freedom" and "Commitment" as the main topic of the present study in order to expose Sartre's existentialistic awareness of modern human beings' dilemma under the influence of all forms of aggression and highlight the discrepancy between theoretical philosophy and real-life experiences. The study adopts an interdisciplinary analytical approach where myth, philosophy, and drama are dovetailed and fused in order to expand the scope of the analysis.
Managing uncertainty: Lone parents' time horizons and agency in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sánchez-Mira Núria , Moles-Kalt Benjamin , Bernardi Laura
Published: August 2021

Objective: This article shows the analytical value of an approach that integrates theoretical elaborations about the temporal orientations of different types of agency (pragmatic, identity, and life course) and uncertainty management, to analyse how families dealt with the challenges emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The pandemic has been a major shock that has seriously challenged families' ability to adapt to sudden changes affecting multiple domains of life. Switzerland established a low-intensity lockdown in the spring of 2020, with social-distancing measures based on official recommendations. Changes in employment situations and school closures resulted in significant alterations to family life. This study examines how individuals with a trajectory of lone parenthood dealt with the increased uncertainties generated by this novel context.

Method: Empirical data stems from the fourth wave of fieldwork of the longitudinal project "The multiple paths of lone parenthood", ongoing in French-speaking Switzerland since 2012–2013. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 participants between April and June 2020.

Results: The emergence of novel situations, the ambiguity of social-distancing measures, and the breakdown of routines accentuated pragmatic agency for most families. With the chronification of uncertainty, parents sought to regain identity agency by restabilising everyday routines. Uncertainty about future developments diminished life course agency, especially for parents in more insecure situations.

Conclusion: The study offers an original perspective on the challenges of living through increased uncertainty and changing environments triggered by the pandemic, by highlighting the relevance of temporalities for understanding agency within life course processes.
Aids e covid-19: Entre Olhares e Experiências
Authors: Ferreira Breno de Oliveira , Neves André Luiz Machado das
Published: August 2021

A pandemia do novo coronavírus trouxe inúmeras mudanças sociais, culturais, econômicas e de saúde, e, com isso, vários especialistas têm lançado mão de diferentes abordagens para melhor compreender o fenômeno. Neste ensaio, o objetivo foi analisar elementos importantes na conformação da epidemia de aids que podem nos indicar caminhos e pistas para a compreensão de alguns aspectos da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Não se trata de um estudo comparativo, mas sim de uma análise crítico-reflexiva de espelhamentos possíveis, nos seguintes pontos: o estigma e a discriminação, o dialeto de guerra, vulnerabilidades, prevenção, políticas e tratamento. Para que possamos aprender com as experiências do campo da aids, precisamos compreender os elementos sociais e culturais que influenciam no processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidado da covid-19, os quais, em meio à necessidade de dar respostas tão imediatas, podem restringir o campo de visão e as dimensões que envolvem todo um complexo.
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA HASIL TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS TERKATALISIS KALSIUM OKSIDA DAN PENGARUHNYA PADA KARAKTERISTIK BIODIESEL
Authors: Nugraheni Ika Kusuma , Artika Kurnia Dwi , Syahyuniar Rusuminto
Published: August 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi senyawa hasil transesterifikasi minyak goreng bekas terkatalisis CaO. Transesterifikasi dilakukan untuk mengubah minyak goreng bekas yang hingga saat ini belum termanfaatkan, menjadi bahan bakar biodiesel. Kalsium Oksida (CaO) yang merupakan katalis heterogen dan mudah didapat digunakan sebagai katalis dalam penelitian ini. CaO diaktivasi secara fisika dengan dikalsinasi pada suhu 550-950 OC selama 4 jam. Transesterifikasi dilakukan menggunakan methanol dengan rasio molar minyak : methanol 1:12.  Variasi katalis yang ditambahkan sebesar 1%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% dari berat minyak. Transesterifikasi dilakukan pada sistem refluks dengan suhu pemanasan 60 oC selama 30 menit dan didiamkan 24 jam. Metil ester yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan GCMS untuk diketahui kandungan senyawanya dan diuji nilai densitas dan viskositasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase terbesar kandungan senyawa metil ester yang dihasilkan adalah golongan asam palmitat (asam heksadekanoat) dan asam oleat (9-octadecenoic acid). Adanya  senyawa tertinggi ini tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai densitas dan viskositas Biodiesel
Classical and Bayesian Estimation of Two-Parameter Power Function Distribution
Authors: Liu Xuechen , Arslan Muhammad , Khan Majid , Anwar Syed Masroor , Rasheed Zahid
Published: August 2021

The power function distribution is a flexible waiting time model that may provide better fit for some failure data. This paper presents the comparison of the maximum likelihood estimates and the Bayes estimates of two-parameter power function distribution. The Bayes estimates are obtained, using conjugate priors, under five loss functions consist of square error, precautionary, weighted, LINEX and DeGroot loss function. The Gibbs sampling algorithm is proposed to generate samples from posterior distributions and in result the Bayes estimates are computed. The comparison of the maximum likelihood estimates and the Bayes estimates are done through the root mean squared errors. One real-life data set is analyzed to illustrate the evaluation of proposed methods of estimation. Finally, results from the simulation are discussed to assess the performance behavior of the maximum likelihood estimates and the Bayes estimates.
Characteristics of Nephroblastoma / Nephroblastomatosis in Children With a Clinically Reported Underlying Malformation or Cancer Predisposition Syndrome
Authors: Welter Nils , Wagner Angelo , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Melchior Patrick , Kager Leo , Vokuhl Christian , Schenk Jens-Peter , Meier Clemens Magnus , Siemer Stefan , Gessler Manfred , Graf Norbert
Published: August 2021

Background: About 10% of Wilms Tumor (WT) patients have a malformation or cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) with causative germline genetic or epigenetic variants. Knowledge on CPS is essential for genetic counselling. Methods: This retrospective analysis focused on 2927 consecutive patients with WTs registered between 1989 and 2017 in the SIOP/GPOH studies. Results: (GU, N=66, 2,3%), Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWS, N=32, 1,1%), isolated hemihypertrophy (IHH, N=29, 1,0%), Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS, N=24, 0,8%) and WAGR syndrome (N=20, 0,7%) were reported most frequently. Compared to others, these patients were younger at WT diagnosis (median age 24,5 months vs. 39,0 months), had smaller tumors (334,8mL vs. 496,9mL), less often metastasis (8,2% vs. 18%), but more often nephroblastomatosis (12,9% vs. 1,9%). WT with IHH was associated with blastemal WT and DDS with stromal subtype. Bilateral WTs were common in WAGR (30%), DDS (29%) and BWS (31%). Chemotherapy induced reduction in tumor volume was poor in DDS (7,7% increase) and favorable in BWS (84,6% reduction). The event-free survival (EFS) of patients with BWS was significantly (p=0,002) worse than in others. Conclusions: CPS should be considered in WTs with specific clinical features resulting in referral to a geneticist. Their outcome was not always favorable.
Low-Energy Coulomb Excitation for the Shell Model
Authors: Rocchini Marco , Zielińska Magda
Published: August 2021

Low-energy Coulomb excitation is capable of providing unique information on static electromagnetic moments of short-lived excited nuclear states, including non-yrast states. The process selectively populates low-lying collective states and is therefore ideally suited to study phenomena such as shape coexistence and development of exotic deformation (triaxial or octupole shapes). Historically, these experiments were restricted to stable isotopes. However, the advent of new facilities providing intense beams of short-lived radioactive species has opened the possibility to apply this powerful technique to a much wider range of nuclei. We discuss the observables that can be measured in a Coulomb-excitation experiment, their relation to nuclear structure parameters with an emphasis on the nuclear shape, and present some recent examples of Coulomb-excitation studies that provided outcomes relevant for the Shell Model.
Experimental Model for Studying the Prefrontal EEG Biomarkers in Correlation with Food Intake Behavior: Neurofeedback Platform
Authors: Al-Hiyali Mohammed Isam , Ishak Asnor Juraiza , Harun Hafiz , Ahmad Siti Anom , Sulaiman Wan Aliaa
Published: August 2021

Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of visual neurofeedback stimulation on the brain activity in overweight cases. The neuroscience studies indicated the personal decision about eating under the impact of environmental factors such as (visually, smelling, tasting) is related to neural activity of the prefrontal lobe of the brain. Therefore, there were many attempts to modify the food intake behavior in overweight cases through the stimulation of the prefrontal cortex. However, the empirical viewing of EEG-neurofeedback experiments has not explicated the details about the effect of the EEG-NF, the specificity of positive treatment effects remains in a challenging scope.Methods: This study is a cue-exposure EEG-NF experiment to verify the hypothesis of effecting the EEG-NF on the electrical activity of PFC and modifying the general symptoms of food intake behavior in overweight cases. Twenty-four individuals were recruited as participants for this study. These participants were assigned randomly into two groups; the EX-Group (N=12) enrolled in 8 sessions of the EEG-NF experiment, and the C-Group (N=12) was listed in no EEG-NF sessions. The participants provided researchers with a self-report questionnaire relating to their observation of general symptoms of food intake behavior, and EEG signals recordings into the pre and posts stimulation phase. The power spectral density (PSD) method was applied for EEG parameters extraction.Results: The results of a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) explained that a significant variation in variables between the two groups after the EEG-NF experiment. The analysis of the quantitative variables indicated that the effect of EEG-NF experiment was a significant decrement in EEG power bands which significantly influenced changing the median of self-report questionnaire responses that is related to general symptoms of food intake behavior.Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for the therapeutic potential of EEG-NF experiment that targets the prefrontal cortex, to influence neural processes underlying food intake behavior in overweight cases.
Valued Number And Set
Authors: Garrett Henry
Published: August 2021

In this essay, the new notion concerning longest path is introduced. Longest path has a close relation with the notion of diameter in graph. The classes of graph are studied in the terms of having the vertex with longest path. Valued number is the number of edges belong to the longest path in the matter of vertex. For every vertex, there’s a valued number and new notion of valued set is the generalization of valued number for the vertex when all vertices of the graphs are corresponded to a vertex which has the greater valued number. For any positive integer, there’s one graph in that, there’s vertex which its valued number is that. By deleting the vertices which don’t belong to valued set, new notion of new graph is up. It’s called valued graph. The comparison amid valued graph and initial graph is up, too.
Thermobarometry of Diamond Inclusions: Evidence Mantle Evolution beneath Siberian Craton and Archean Cratons Worldwide.
Authors: Ashchepkov Igor , Logvinova Alla , Spetsius Zdislav , Downes Hilary
Published: August 2021

Thermobarometric calculations for mineral inclusions in diamonds provide a systematic comparison of PTXFO2 conditions for different cratons worldwide, using a database of 4440 mineral EPMA analyses. Beneath all cratons, the cold branch of the mantle geotherm (35-32 mWm−2) relates to the sub-Ca garnets and rarely omphacitic diamond inclusions, referring to major continental growth events in Archean. High-temperature plume-related geotherms are common in Proterozoic kimberlites such as Premier, Mesozoic – Roberts Victor etc. and are common in Slave and Siberian cratons. In mobile belts: Limpopo, Magondi, Ural Ural, Khapchan belts and in the marginal parts of cratons like Kimberly Australia pyroxenitic and eclogitic pyroxenes and garnets prevail. The pyropes in the mobile belts are more Fe- and Ca-rich, in central parts of cratons, the peridotitic associations with sub- Ca pyropes prevail. The accretionary complexes like Khapchan and Magondi belts a thick eclogite-pyroxenite lens is highly diamondiferous. Comparison by minerals shows that the PT estimates for clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxene from peridotites and eclogites are representing mainly the middle part of the sub-lithospheric mantle while garnets gives more high-pressure estimates. refer to eclogites and reflect the processes of the differentiation during migration of partial melts. This produces the trends of joint decreasing Mg’ and pressures. The PT for the chromites reflect conditions just above the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and mainly were formed due to interaction with the hydrous plume protokimberlite melts. Archean diamond inclusions from Wawa province Canada are represented by Ca-enrich pyropes giving low-temperature conditions. Inclusions from younger kimberlites in Superior and Slave (and Siberian and East European ) cratons show complex high-temperature geotherms due to plumes influence. Peridotite garnets beneath the Amazonian craton indicate complex layering in the lithosphere base and a pyroxene layer in the middle part of SCLM. Diamond inclusions from the Kimberley craton of Australia show the greatest variations in the temperatures and composition.
A Global Systematic Review on Biology, Production Constraints and Uses of Cyperus exculentus L. (Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species): Implications for Valorization.
Authors: Akabassi Ghislain Comlan , Palanga Koffi Kibalou , Padonou Elie Antoine , Dagnon Yao Dodzi , Tozo Koffi , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem
Published: August 2021

Food security relies mainly on a few major crop such as wheat, maize, rice and yam. Many of the cultivated plant such as Cyperus exculentus are still considered invasive plants and are neglected and underutilized. In the perspective to valorization of the species, this systematic review aimed at identifying the biology, production constraints and uses of tigernut for future research directions. Extensive searches were carried out and studies were screened and extracted using established systematic review methods. A total of 175 papers met the inclusion criteria. Approximately 52% and 21.71% of the studies were undertaken in Europe and Africa respectively. Most of the papers reviewed for the study were published between [2010-2015[. The review highlighted the critical research gaps in genetic diversity using SSR makers and evolutionary biology. Further, production constraints and solution approaches for the promotion of the species were the other gaps identified in the reviewed studies. Production constraints were specifically related to the insufficient mineral fertilizers and difficult in harvesting. Tigernut is used in more fields such as food, medicinal, cosmetic, biofuel and fishing and fish breeding. Such investigations would help in decision-making and elaboration of breeding strategies, and advancing steps towards sustainable use of the species.
Applied Self-Supervised Learning: Review of the State-of-the-Art and Implementations in Medicine
Authors: Chowdhury Alexander , Rosenthal Jacob , Waring Jonathan , Umeton Renato
Published: August 2021

Machine learning has become an increasingly ubiquitous technology, as big data continues to inform and influence everyday life and decision-making. Currently in healthcare, as well as in most other industries, the two most prevalent machine learning paradigms are supervised learning and transfer learning. Both practices rely on large-scale, manually annotated datasets to train increasingly complex models. However, the requirement of data to be manually labeled leaves an excess of unused, unlabeled data available in both public and private data repositories. Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a growing area of machine learning that has the ability to take advantage of unlabeled data. Contrary to other machine learning paradigms, SSL algorithms create artificial supervisory signals from unlabeled data and pretrain algorithms on these signals. The aim of this review is two-fold: firstly, we provide a formal definition of SSL, divide SSL algorithms into their four unique subsets, and review the state-of-the-art published in each of those subsets between the years of 2014-2020. Second, this work surveys recent SSL algorithms published in healthcare, in order to provide medical experts with a clearer picture of how they can integrate SSL into their research, with the objective of leveraging unlabeled data.
Use of Phentolamine Mesylate in Implant Surgery. Analysis of Adverse Effects and Haemodynamic Changes
Authors: Vintanel-Moreno Clara , Martínez-González José María , Martínez-Rodríguez Natalia , Meniz-García Cristina , Leco-Berrocal Isabel
Published: August 2021

The clinical application of Phentolamine Mesylate (PM) as an anaesthetic reversal agent has been documented in paediatric patients and in conservative dentistry, but no studies have been found in implant surgery. A prospective randomised study was conducted in 60 patients eligible for mandibular implant treatment, randomly divided between the Control Group (CG) and Experimental Group (EG), who were administered PM. Haemodynamic changes, adverse effects and patient satisfaction were assessed. No statistically significant differences in haemodynamic changes and postoperative pain were found between CG and EG (p<0.05), except for Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) which increased slightly in EG, without posing a risk to the patient. There were no differences in the presence of adverse effects between the two groups, except in the CG which presented greater difficulty in chewing and biting (p<0.05) and the EG with greater pain in the injection area (p=0.043). 83.3% of the EG patients would request PM again for future dental treatment. The use of PM offers an alternative in implant surgery, without increasing the risks and increasing the patient's quality of life.
Rapid tidal reconstruction for the Coastal Hazards System and StormSim part II : Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands
Authors: Torres Marissa , Nadal-Caraballo Norberto , Taflanidis Alexandros
Published: August 2021

This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the continuing efforts towards incorporating rapid tidal time-series reconstruction and prediction capabilities into the Coastal Hazards System (CHS) and the Stochastic Storm Simulation System (StormSim). The CHS (Nadal-Caraballo et al. 2020) is a national effort for the quantification of coastal storm hazards, including a database and web tool (https://chs.erdc.dren.mil) for the deployment of results from the Probabilistic Coastal Hazard Analysis (PCHA) framework. These PCHA products are developed from regional studies such as the North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study (NACCS) (Nadal-Caraballo et al. 2015; Cialone et al. 2015) and the ongoing South Atlantic Coast Study (SACS). The PCHA framework considers hazards due to both tropical and extratropical cyclones, depending on the storm climatology of the region of interest. The CHS supports feasibility studies, probabilistic design of coastal structures, and flood risk management for coastal communities and critical infrastructure. StormSim (https://stormsim.erdc.dren.mil) is a suite of tools used for statistical analysis and probabilistic modeling of historical and synthetic storms and for stochastic design and other engineering applications. One of these tools, the Coastal Hazards Rapid Prediction System (CHRPS) (Torres et al. 2020), can perform rapid prediction of coastal storm hazards, including real-time hurricane-induced flooding. This CHETN discusses the quantification and validation of the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) tidal constituent database (Szpilka et al. 2016) and the tidal reconstruction program Unified Tidal analysis (UTide) (Codiga 2011) in the Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands (PR/USVI) coastal regions. The new methodology discussed herein will be further developed into the Rapid Tidal Reconstruction (RTR) tool within the StormSim and CHS frameworks.
Optimasi Ekstraksi Teh Hijau Berdasarkan Kandungan Polifenol, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Profil Sensori
Authors: Palupi Nurheni Sri , Hunaefi Dase , Susanto Nugraha
Published: August 2021

Green tea contains polyphenols which are known as sources of antioxidants and contribute to a bitter and astringent taste. Optimization of green tea extraction to obtain sensory profiles that are acceptable for consumers is important. The study aimed to produce an optimal green tea extraction process based on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity, a sensory profile of the basic solution of green tea based on consumer expectations and preferences, and the ideal profile of green tea. This research was conducted by PT. XYZ – Jakarta and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology IPB University – Bogor, West Java from October 2020 to April 2021. This study used data experiments on RSM by CCD method and consumer perception testing using Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) method. The selection of consumer panelists and FGD participants was conducted in conjunction with the consumer survey.  Optimum condition of methode extraction of green tea based on RSM methode was temperature at 78,43 OC for 21 minutes. Total of polyphenols, antioxidant activity based on IC50, and preference score was 588,58 mg/kg – 750 mg/kg; 14,48μL – 27,03μL; and 4,0 – 5,2, respectively. Green tea extract profile based on consumers preferences had the following profile sensory: burned aroma, floral aroma, tobacco aroma, animalic aroma, umami test, green flavor, astringent aftertaste, straw-like aftertaste; emotional profile: peaceful, adventurous, calm and satisfied; and attribute profile: packaging design: cold color, illustrations image, images of people, combination, high quality and warm color.
KHF Entrepreneurship Support and the Impact of COVID-19 on Jordanian Entrepreneurs
Authors: Raei Lami
Published: August 2021

The King Hussein Foundation (KHF) partners with Oxfam in the Youth Participation and Employment programme (YPE) to promote entrepreneurship through supporting youth to engage in business start-ups and scale-ups. KHF projects support community-based organizations (CBOs) in establishing revolving funds, training CBOs in microfinance management and building the capacity of potential entrepreneurs. Apprenticeships and shadowing are two examples of popular approaches to facilitating entrepreneurship and self-employment. During the COVID-19 crisis, KHF has continued the implementation of activities virtually. This case study presents examples of young people utilizing financial support, reaching out to new clients using ICT, and eventually exploring ways to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19.
From Self-Awareness to Purposeful Employment: Guiding Egyptian youth using arts-based learning
Authors: Ahmed AlGarf Yasmine
Published: August 2021

Alwan wa Awtar (A&A), a partner of the Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme, implements a youth programme supporting young people to shape their prospects through professional and soft skill development, safe learning space and non-formal education. A&A has learned important lessons throughout its journey. A safe learning environment, flexible learning techniques, visual and performing arts in education and participatory management are key approaches for successful youth programmes. During the COVID-19 period, many of the professional development programmes have been delivered online, which was a good example of adaptation to changing circumstances that ensured the sustainability and continued effectiveness of the programme.
Exploring the Links: Youth participation and employment opportunities in Jordan
Authors: Raei Lamia
Published: August 2021

Oxfam partners with the Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development (JOHUD) through its Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme in order to connect with communities and train local community-based organizations (CBOs). JOHUD’s aim is to build the job-seeking capacity of youth in four governorates in Jordan. The programme organizes informal activities involving peer-to-peer education to help young people engage in the community as volunteers, and links them to various governmental and non-governmental institutions. COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns have altered the organization’s operations, with most projects shifting online. JOHUD has adopted a youth-led initiative aimed at matching young people’s skills with labour-market demand in each governorate where the programme operates. This case study presents examples of how the programme has helped young people transform into professionals, and how youth-led employment centres can contribute to youth development activities.
The Frequency of Hand-to-Eye/Nose Contact can Increase the Risk of Ocular Symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients
Authors: Yang Guoyuan , Gerong Xiamu , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Jianxin , Huang Xi , Liu Longqian
Published: August 2021

PurposeSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the capacity to use the eye for transocular entry. The characteristics of lacrimal drainage remind us to pay attention to the transmission route passing through the nasolacrimal ducts and then into the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to assess ocular symptoms and hand-to-eye/nose contact behaviour in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. MethodsA questionnaire was designed by brain storing method according to practical requirements, then the survey of ocular symptoms and hand-to-eye/nose contact behaviour in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients was administered in person. The patients answered the items under the guidance of a nurse. The data of ocular symptoms and basic information was collected analysed. The correlation between ocular symptoms and hand-to-eye/nose contact behaviour was evaluated.Results The most common ocular symptoms were increased discharge (in 53.19% of patients), foreign body sensation (44.68%), tearing (44.68%), conjunctival congestion (40.43%) and mild eye pain (40.43%). In total, 61.7% of patients had nasal obstruction and running. A total of 40.4% of patients blew their nose more frequently than usual because of nasal symptoms. A total of 63.8% of patients rubbed their eyes with their hands 1-5 times per day. Only 44.68% of patients washed their hands immediately when arriving at home more than 6 days per week. Increased frequencies of blowing noses (p=0.032), washing hands (p=0.025), and rubbing eyes (p=0.005) can affect ocular symptoms. The frequency and the way of face washing had no correlation with ocular symptoms.ConclusionsOcular symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are much more common than currently reported but nonspecific. This prompt us pay more attention to the true incidence of conjunctivitis in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The frequency of hand-to-eye/nose contact can increase the risk of presenting ocular symptoms. However, hand washing can decrease the risk. These results provide direct evidence of behaviour change and smooth the concerns for many people.
Title: Efficacy of transdermal delivery of liposomal micronutrients through body oil massage on neurodevelopmental and micronutrient deficiency status in infants: Results of a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Apte Aditi , Kapoor Mudra , Naik Sadanand , Lubree Himangi , Khamkar Pooja , Singh Diksha , Agarwal Dhiraj , Roy Sudipto , Kawade Anand , Juvekar Sanjay , Banerjee Rinti , Bavdekar Ashish
Published: August 2021

Background: Micronutrient deficiency is a known cause of adverse neurodevelopment and growth. Poor adherence to oral regimes of micronutrient supplements is a known challenge during the implementation of supplementation programs. The present study evaluates the benefits of liposomal encapsulated micronutrient fortified body oils (LMF oil) that can be used for infant body massage in terms of neurodevelopment and prevention of deficiency. Study design: Double-blind randomized clinical trial Methods: 444 healthy infants aged 4-7weeks were randomized to receive either LMF oil (containing iron, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12) or placebo oil for gentle body massage till 12months of age. Blood samples were collected at 6 and 12 months for transferrin saturation (TSAT), hemoglobin, and 25-hydroxy vitamin (25-OH-D) levels. Mental and motor development was assessed at 12 months using developmental assessment for Indian Infants (DASII). Results: A total of 391 infants completed the study. There was no significant improvement in the hemoglobin in the intervention group at 12 months of age as compared to the placebo group [-0.50 vs.-0.54 gm%]. There was a marginally significant improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months in the LMF oil group [+1.46vs.-0.18ng/ml, p=0.049]. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age [adjusted mean change +0.11vs.-0.51gm%, p=0.043]. The mental or motor developmental quotients in the intervention group were not significantly different from those in the placebo group. Conclusion: Use of LMF oil for prevention of nutritional deficiency did not offer significant protection against nutritional anemia but prevented vitamin D deficiency to some extent with improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age. The intervention did not result in significant improvement in mental or motor development. Further evaluation with increased doses needs to be undertaken.Trial registration: CTRI no: CTRI/2017/11/010710; dated 30/11/2017 [http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/advancesearchmain.php ]
Design and Simulation of Reliable and Fast Nanomagnetic Conservative Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (NCQCA) Gate ​
Authors: Dadjouyan Ali Akbar , Sayedsalehi Samira , Mirzaee Reza Faghih , Jassbi Somayyeh Jafarali
Published: August 2021

Nanomagnetic Logic (NML) is a promising candidate for the real implementation of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits and can be a proper alternative or complement to CMOS circuits. Like any other nanoscale technologies, NML circuits are also subject to fabrication variations. These variations along with fluctuations caused by thermal noise can affect the performance of these circuits. Therefore, design of NML circuits with high testability is an absolute necessity. Circuits based on conservative logic are inherently testable because of their specific properties. In this paper, considering the physical and geometrical properties of nanomagnets, a nanomagnetic conservative quantum-dot cellular automata (NCQCA) gate is designed and evaluated. This circuit can be used as the basic block for the realization of more complex conservative NML circuits. To implement this circuit, the design of the clocked nanomagnetic majority gate is also provided. The OOMMF physical simulation tool is used for simulation and evaluation. The results show the correct functionality of the proposed conservative gate at room temperature. It operates about 34% faster than the NML Fredkin gate. Moreover, the NML version of the conventional Fredkin gate takes 90% more area than the proposed design.
Effectiveness of Psychosocial School Interventions in Finnish Schools for Refugee and Immigrant Children, “Refugees Well School” in Finland (RWS-FI): A Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kankaanpää Reeta , Aalto Sanni , Vänskä Mervi , Lepistö Riina , Punamäki Raija-Leena , Soye Emma , Watters Charles , Andersen Arnfinn , Hilden Per Kristian , Derluyn Ilse , Verelst An , Peltonen Kirsi
Published: August 2021

Background
Schools are considered as natural environments to enhance students’ social-emotional skills in general and mental health and affiliation among students with refugee and immigrant background. A layered or tiered provision of services are recommended as they can be effective to meet the needs of war-affected adolescents’ who variably show posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study tests the effectiveness of multi-layered interventions integrating targeted cognitive-behavioral treatment-based TRT (Teaching Recovery Techniques), a class-room focused preventive intervention PIER (Peer Integration and Enhancement Resources), and a whole school psychoeducative teacher-led intervention INSETT (In Service Teacher Training) in enhancing the wellbeing of children in their school environments. We analyze first, whether the interventions are effective in decreasing symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress and increasing positive resources i.e. prosocial behavior and resilience among refugees and immigrant students. Second, we analyze which student-, school- and parent-related factors mediate the possible beneficial changes, and third, we look at which groups benefit the interventions most.
Methods
A three-arm cluster RCT with parallel assignment, with approximately 1:1 allocation ratio, is applied among 16 schools that agreed to participate in the Refugees Well School interventions and effectiveness study. Schools were randomized to three conditions of two active interventions and a waiting-list control condition. Students, their parents, and teachers in intervention and control schools participate at baseline before the interventions, after the interventions, and at 6 to 12 months after the interventions. The primary effectiveness criterion variables are psychological distress (SDQ) symptoms, resilience (CYRM-12), executive functioning (AEFI) and prosocial behavior (SDQ). PTSD (CRIES-8) symptoms are used as outcome variable in one of the interventions (TRT).
Discussion
The current study provides a recommended universal approach of layered interventions aiming to reduce psychological distress and increase resilience among migrated students. Combination of promotive, preventive and targeted interventions may offer a holistic, ecological intervention package for schools to better address the needs of the whole group.
Trial registration:
ISRCTN, identifier: ISRCTN64245549. Registered 10. June 2020. Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN64245549
Telomere length variation does not correspond with the growth disturbances in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Ocalewicz Konrad , Panasiak Ligia , Szubert Karolina , Polonis Marcin
Published: August 2021

Somatic growth is considered to affect pace of the telomere attrition in vertebrates. As normally developed and dwarf fish differ in the body size we have decided to compare telomere length in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with normal growth and with growth reduced due to the dwarf condition. Examined on-year old fish with normal and dwarf appearance were siblings originated from androgenetic fully homozygous doubled haploid (DH) line of rainbow trout. Particular dwarf individuals had body deformities such as humpback, kyphosis and lordosis. Somatic cells of examined rainbow trout had an average telomere length between 17 and 20 kb, comparable in females and males. Dwarf rainbow trout exhibited significantly lower body length and weight than their normally developed siblings even though, no differences in the telomere length were found between these fishes. Statistical analysis did not exhibit any correlation between body size and the telomere length. Equal length of telomeres observed in the studied normal and dwarf rainbow trout suggests morphological and physiological differences in fish with different growth rates do not affect dynamics of telomeric DNA. Or any variation in the telomere length might have been levelled by telomerase that in rainbow trout is active in all tissues irrespective of the individual developmental stage.
Effectiveness of Mobile Apps Used to Improve Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Widdison Renee , Rashidi Amineh , Whitehead Lisa
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Pelvic floor exercises are effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UC) and are routinely prescribed, along with bladder training, by primary healthcare providers as first line conservative management. Mobile phone applications are increasingly popular within the healthcare setting and can provide opportunities for patients to complete treatments at home. To date, there has not been a systematic review examining outcomes from randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of mobile applications to improve UC.Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of mobile applications to improve UC was carried out according to the PRISMA reporting guidelines. The online databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, JBI, Google Scholar were searched for papers published between 2007 to 2020. The search was conducted during the 3/3/20-15/4/20. Studies were appraised and data extracted by the first and second reviewers. Findings: In total four studies generated four categories, including high level of adherence; improved quality of life (QOL) and reduction of symptoms. The findings of this review reported that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) can be effective to improve UC. Conclusion: Mobile applications for PFMT indicated that increase adherence to treatment and decrease UC. The integration of this treatment modality into current practice is recommended. Mobile phone applications for PFMT show promise in the conservative management of UC. Further research is required to support the use of this technology in the conservative management of UC.
Breeding for chemical camouflage the case of salmon kairomones and resistance to salmon lice infectivity
Authors: Difford Gareth , Haugen John-Erik , Aslam Muhammad Luqman , Johansen Lill-Heidi , Breiland Mette , Hillestad Borghild , Baranski Matt , Boison Solomon , Moghadam Hooman , Jaqc Celeste
Published: August 2021

Salmon lice are ectoparasites that threaten wild and farmed salmonids. Artificial selection of salmon for resistance to the infectious copepodid lice stage currently relies on in vivo challenge trials on thousands of salmon a year. We found that salmon emit a bouquet of kairomones which the lice use to find and infect the salmon. Some of these compounds vary between families and could be used as a more direct and ethical measurements of lice resistance for breeding farmed salmon.
The Brain Neuropeptides and STAT3 Mediate the Inhibitory Effect of 17-β Estradiol on Central Leptin Resistance in Young but Not Aged Female High-fat Diet Mice
Authors: Farhadi Zeinab , Khaksari Mohammad , Azizian Hossein , Dabiri Shahriar
Published: August 2021

Aging and menopause effect on body composition and energy balance. Estrogen (E2) plays an important role in body’s metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine changes in leptin function in young intact and ovariectomized (OVX) animals in comparison to the aged animals treated with E2. Young (Intact and OVX 4 months) and aged (19-21 months) female mice were fed High fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and, then they were divided into eight groups including: Intact+OIL, Intact+E2, Intact+Pair body weight (PBW), OVX+OIL, OVX+E2, OVX+PBW, Aged+OIL, and Aged+E2. E2 was administered subcutaneously every four days for four weeks. Responsiveness to leptin was assessed by measuring energy balance components. Results showed that eating HFD increased weight and calorie consumption in young mice, and chronic treatment with E2 decreased both these variables in young animals. E2 only improved the sensitivity to leptin in young animals. Treatment with E2 resulted in increased α-MSH neuropeptide, reduced NPY and AgRP neuropeptides in the brain, and decreased serum leptin in the young animals. Also, treatment with E2 increased the expression of p-STAT3 molecular level in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the young animals. Our results indicated that response to E2 depended on age and E2 protects young HFD fed mice from obesity and improves leptin sensitivity.