bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Bombini Raíssa Rocha
Published: October 2022

Apresentamos uma nova edição da Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science, que caminha para 30 volumes desde seu início em 2006. Nesta edição não temática, encontram-se artigos e resumos de teses e dissertações que apresentam diferentes aspectos da história da ciência, da técnica e da medicina. Em nosso primeiro artigo, Rodrigo Trevisan Braga examina o desenvolvimento técnico-científico que propiciou a criação de duas metodologias de gravação de sons e sinais – a mecânica e a eletromagnética – no final do século XIX e início do século XX. Nosso segundo artigo busca em terras nórdicas um outro olhar sobre a história da ciência. Gwendolyne Knight explora o conceito de "pensamento mágico" e analisa seu significado para os estudiosos da medicina e da magia na Idade Média europeia. Contamos ainda com três resumos de dissertações e teses que apresentam os excelentes trabalhos de jovens pesquisadores do Programa de Estudos Pós-graduados em História da Ciência da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), Brasil.Lembramos, assim, a abrangência temática e ‘geográfica’ de nossa revista, um reflexo do intercâmbio e da internacionalização do Centro Simão Mathias de Estudos em História da Ciência, CESIMA/PUC-SP, que colabora com centros do Brasil e do mundo inteiro por meio de seminários, conferências, programas de visitas e publicações. O trabalho em equipe mantém-se vital para o avanço da pesquisa acadêmica de ponta realizada em nosso grupo.Desejamos a todos uma boa leitura.
Challenges and issues of green banking in Islamic and traditional banks of Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Hussain , Hussain Talat
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the current challenges and issues in adopting green banking activities in Pakistan’s banking sector, especially in Islamic banks, due to their close link with green and ethical banking. A total of 26 interviews have been conducted (19 green banking officers and seven heads of the Shariah department) via a semi-structured questionnaire. The study reveals eight factors in priority order, causing hindrance in implementing green banking in Pakistan. These are lack of awareness, knowledge and skills, the culture of adoption to change, lack of pressure, lack of incentives, lack of legal power, culture, and infrastructure. Among the four green banking areas, interviewees have identified environmental risk management as the most challenging area. Most banks have demanded revision in green banking guidelines with legal power and incentives. The study is the first literature that identifies the problems in priority orders with reasons and after-effects. This study supports Jeucken’s and Chapra’s green and Islamic banking models, respectively. The study will help formulate the policy for revising green banking guidelines and environmental laws in Pakistan. The study will further help in achieving Maqasid-e-Shariah in Islamic banks.
Phytopathogenic/Mycotoxigenic Fungi Infecting Solanum lycopersicum Fruits (Market Storage Level)
Authors: Slama Awatef , Mezni Faten , Ayari Faten , Khaldi Abdelhamid
Published: October 2022

Tomato cultivation has a great worldwide interest. The quality of tomato fruit is of economic and health importance. Being rich in water and generally stored at 4 °C, tomatoes risk a rapid infection. This work was interested in isolating and studying pathogenic fungi in tomato fruit. isolations and subcultures were carried out on the PDA medium. Morphological characterization identified 5 fungi on Solanum lycopersicum fruits: Alternaria alternata; Penicilliumolsonii; Ulocladium atrum; Phytophtora nicotianae and Aspergillus fumigatus. This result highlighted and worried the presence of mycotxigenic fungi on fresh tomato.
An Analysis of Factors for Increase in Financial Turnover Gap Between Construction Companies Established During Same Time Period in KSA
Authors: Shah Ashraf Ali Mahboob Ali
Published: October 2022

This research investigates and evaluates various management-related factors influencing the Saudi Arabian construction companies that are responsible for the increase in the financial turnover gap between construction companies established during the same time period in KSA and tries to determine if the corporate management team or the site management team has a significant effect on the overall performance and success of construction companies. The study has made use of quantitative research methods with a deduction approach. This research is conducted by using a web-based survey questionnaire targeted at the sample size of 400 professionals from all regions of Saudi Arabia including all demographic levels. As per the results, the highest RII scorings of the success/failure factors related to the corporate management (Payment delay, Poor cost estimation, Weakness of the financial and technical capabilities of some contractors, and Delays in decision making by the management team) revealed the importance of corporate management issues that are responsible for the increase in financial turnover gap. The results obtained from the research would provide insight to companies for better identification of issues that may be facing the organization and therefore, helpful in the formation of policies that may benefit the organization to reduce the financial turnover gap between them. This is the first research that covers all five major grading areas: Roads, Water and sanitation work, Buildings, Electrical work, and Mechanical work with grade I, II & III classified contractors including all thirteen provinces of Saudi Arabia. The literature review revealed that none of the previous research covered grading areas and demography.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style and Compensation on Employee Performance with Employee Motivation as Intervening Variable
Authors: Romli  , Jus’at Idrus , Indrawati Ratna
Published: October 2022

In the current era of globalization, high organizational performance demands to be able to survive in the midst of a very tight competition level, taking into account various aspects that influence it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style, and compensation on performance through motivation as an intervening variable. Survey method will be applied with causality design based on cross-sectional time dimension with data analysis method using regression. The population in this study was 170 people. The data collection technique is a questionnaire with a measurement scale using a modified Likert scale. It is known that the coefficient of determination or R Square is 0.737 or equal to 73.7%. This figure means that the variable Motivation (Z), Transformational Leadership Style (X1), and Compensation (X2) has an effect on the Performance variable (Y) by 73.7%, while the remaining 26.3% is influenced by other variables not examined by the author. The application of a good transformational leadership style, compensation for hospital commitment, and the strength of employee motivation have a positive effect on employee performance.
Influence of Engagement Strategies on Employee Retention in Nigeria
Authors: Arubayi Olusoji Damaro
Published: October 2022

This study seeks to assess the influence of engagement strategies on employee retention in Nigeria. Three (3) engagement strategies (meritocracy, employer branding, and succession planning) were assessed on employee retention. The descriptive survey design and primary data (questionnaires) were employed. The questionnaire was administered to 300 employees of oil and gas firms and data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive (mean) and inferential (Spearman Rank Correlation) statistical tools. Findings showed that the meritocracy strategy is the most ranked factor influencing employee retention; this implies that employees in the organization are rewarded on the basis of their contributions and value to the firm, which in turn influences their decision to stay with the organization. More so, while meritocracy is ranked the most significant factor affecting employee retention, it was found that engagement strategies (like employer branding and succession planning) significantly influence employee retention. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended that organizations can adopt meritocracy, employer branding, and succession planning as engagement strategies. For the sake of lucidity, management must communicate their succession planning to the employees and must constantly reward employees on the basis of their contributions to the firm.
Investigation of The Chemical Reactions of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol with Thiocyanate Ion in Acidic Condition: Kinetic Approach
Authors: Umoru Patricia Ese , Al Amin Haruna Muhammad , Sahabi Yusuf , Babatunde Oluwayemisi Abiodun
Published: October 2022

The rate and overall observed chemical change of the redox reaction between 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and thiocyanate ion (SCN–) was investigated under a constant concentration of ionic strength, [????!] and λmax = 360 nm using a spectrophotometric titration method. The research aim is to study stoichiometry, order of reaction, the influence of acid, and the effect of change in ionic concentration on the reaction speed. The stoichiometry discovered gave a 1:2 molar proportion of TNP against SCN–. The reaction is 1st - order in relation to TNP and 1st – order in relation to SCN– hence, a 2nd -order overall for the system. An acid-dependence rate constant on TNP was positive for the TNP – SCN– system. A positive salt effect was observed in the system. An increase in the concentration of added cations and anions (Mn2+, NO3− and PO43−) had no influence on the speed of the reaction. The spectroscopic and kinetic results did not show any intermediate complex emergence all through the reaction. On grounds of the experimental results attained, a presumptive mechanism in favor of an outer-sphere mechanism has been recommended.
Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Croton Bonplandianum Baill
Authors: Singha Rishov , Pattanayak Suman , Kanthal Lakshmi Kanta , Jana Souranava , Bera Asim , Dhang Analabha , Hazra Riya , Pal Shreya
Published: October 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constituent and anthelmintic activity of methanolic extract of whole parts of Croton bonplandianum Baill. The various concentration i.e. 100%, 50%, and 25% of methanolic extract of the whole part of Croton bonplandianum Baill were tested for bioassay which determined the time of paralysis (P) the time of death (D) of Pheretima posthuma. Albendazole was used as a standard drug and the normal saline solution was used as controlled. The three different concentrations of plant extract i.e. 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml showed paralysis time 21±1 min, 17±1 min, and 13±2min respectively, and showed death time 51±2 min, 47±1 min, and 41±1 min respectively. Albendazole as a standard drug, in three different concentrations i.e. 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml showed paralysis times 16±1 min, 10±2 min, and 7±2 min respectively, and showed death times 31±2 min, 22±2 min, and 18±3 min respectively. From the result, it is concluded that the methanolic extract of Croton bonplandianum Baill has significant Anthelmintic activity.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Clinical Dental Practice in Nigeria
Authors: Menakaya Ifeoma Nkiruka , Abah Aderonke , Agboghoroma Gloria Okeoghenemaro , Menakaya Nnamdi Chuks
Published: October 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound effects on oral healthcare services globally. 

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of COVID -19 pandemic lockdown on clinical dental practice in Nigeria and discuss how adverse impact could be mitigated. 

Methods: A cross-sectional self-administered pre-tested questionnaire-based survey of consenting dental practitioners from different States and geopolitical zones in Nigeria was employed for the study. Study participants were recruited by non-random convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. 

Results: A total of 105 out of 142 respondents completed and returned the survey questionnaire giving a response rate of 74%. While only about 47% of respondents in public sector practice had their clinics shut down, all the respondents in private sector practice (100%) had their clinics closed down during the pandemic lockdown and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.000). Majority of respondents in private sector practice (65.4%) experienced income loss compared to 24.1% of respondents in public sector practice and this difference was also statistically significant (p=0.000). 

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with government instituted lockdown periods with attendant scaling down or outright closure of dental clinical practices in Nigeria. The private sector practice bore the brunt of the adverse impacts of the pandemic lockdown in terms practice shutdowns and attendant economic losses. The adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on clinical dental practice could be mitigated by the incorporation of teledentistry into routine dental practice.
Effectiveness of Regional Government Expenditure in Reducing Unemployment and Poverty Rate
Authors: Akhmad Akhmad , Amir Amir , Saleh Syafiuddin , Abidin Zainal
Published: October 2022

Poverty rate in Indonesia is currently relatively high that requires real action from the government to reduce it. The government efforts to reduce the poverty rate are reflected in the government expenditure. This research reveals the regional government expenditure effectiveness in reducing poverty and unemployment rate in South Sulawesi Province. Data used in the research are panel data, which is a combination of cross-section data of 24 regencies and city and time series data in 2009-2018. The data will be analyzed using econometric models with simultaneous equation system. The research finds that private investment has a significant influence in reducing poverty rate, whereas capital expenditure has a significant influence in increasing private investment. Moreover, investment has a significant influence in improving gross regional domestic product in industrial sector as well as other sectors. Population has a positive influence in improving poverty rate indicating that regional government should support the planned family policy. The result of policy simulation indicates that an increase in capital expenditure, total government expenditure, and goods and services expenditure by the regional government, brings positive impact on economic growth and poverty reduction.
Design and Implementation of In-Vehicle Alcohol Detection and Speed Control System
Authors: Okengwu Ugochi A. , Taiwo Aminat A.
Published: October 2022

This study presented an effective method for reducing the rise in the number of road accidents instigated by drivers' excessive alcohol consumption on Nigerian roadways. Although speed restrictions and other preventative measures have been introduced, traffic accidents continue to occur daily. Over speeding, rash driving and drunk driving are all major contributors to motor vehicle accidents. To introduce this concept, this study has built an IOT-based in-vehicle alcohol detection and speed control system using the Arduino Nano microcontroller connected to the alcohol sensor, LCD display, and DC motor with the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Application and Blynk Cloud Server for remote control and monitoring. This system uses the MQ-3 sensor to continuously monitor the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and detect the presence of alcohol during breathing. This system can continuously monitor the alcohol content of the driver's breathing by installing a sensor in the steering wheel. This device was capable of detecting excessive speed and was programmed to alert with an SMS. After testing, it was determined that the suggested system met the standards for starting a car's engine. If the driver's breath alcohol level is discovered to be greater than the prescribed level (BAC) of 0.5 mg/mL, relevant individuals and authorities will be notified through GSM. The experimental results indicate that the alcohol sensor can respond rapidly when alcohol is detected and also operate for an extended period.
Development of an E-Book-Based Guidebook for Gorontalo Langga Martial Arts Movement
Authors: Hadjarati Hartono , Haryanto Arief Ibnu
Published: October 2022

This study aims to develop an E-Book-Based Guidebook for Gorontalo Langga Martial Arts Movement. Gorontalo itself is a province located in Indonesia, precisely on the northern island of Sulawesi. This research uses research and development methods. The experimental subjects used in this research and development were Gorontalo cultural experts, 10 small group trials, and 20 large group trials. The data obtained in this research and development are qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative data was obtained from the results of the questionnaire which will be divided into product trials, the questionnaire used is an assessment questionnaire. This development model includes product analysis, product development, expert validation and revision, product testing, and final product manufacture. As a result, this book was declared feasible in a large-scale trial with 90% results. In conclusion, this book can be given and circulated widely to the general public.
Difficulties in Phonological Awareness in Children and Adolescents with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)
Authors: Esther Moraleda-Sepúlveda  , López-Resa Patricia , Pulido-García Noelia
Published: October 2022

Phonological awareness in children with DLD can be affected in pre-school ages as well as in school ages. Through this quasi-experimental study, formed by a sample of 24 subjects, 12 of with belongs to the experimental group or DLD and 12 belongs to the comparative group or Typical Development (TD). It is intended to know if the phonological awareness in children with SLI is affected and if the results obtained by this group are lower than the comparative group. For this, the evaluation of phonological awareness has been carried out through the PECO test, in order to affirm or deny the hypothesis that children with DLD present specific difficulties in phonological awareness. The results obtained shows that after evaluating both groups, the average performance in the different tasks of the experimental group or DLD is lower than that obtained by the comparative group or with TD; considering a significantly lower result in tasks of identification of phonemes, syllable addiction and phoneme addiction. Therefore, the results of this study reaffirm what has been corroborated by previous studies, that children with DLD have difficulties in phonological awareness and hence the need to implement intervention programs on this to avoid difficulties in other areas such as reading and writing.
Performance Evaluation of Excitation Systems in Stability Enhancement of Power Systems
Authors: Al-Zahrani‬‏ Abdulmohsen , Ramdas Sreerama Kumar
Published: October 2022

This paper involves the characterization and the performance evaluation of various types of synchronous generator excitation systems in the transient stability enhancement of power systems. The Investigations are carried out by modelling the typical DC, AC and static excitation systems represented by IEEE types DC1A, DC2A, AC4A, AC5A, ST1A and ST2A attached with a generator connected to the infinite bus. The performance evaluation of these excitation systems is performed in terms of their response ratio and ceiling voltage together with the system settling time and the critical clearing time following a sudden three-phase short-circuit in the system. Each excitation system together with its power system stabilizer is considered in the analysis. 4th order Runge Kutta method is utilized for transient stability analysis of the power system with the 3rd order model for synchronous generator representation. The investigations reveal that the IEEE ST2A Excitation System is better than the other types of excitation systems.
Reliability Assessment of Transmission Poles
Authors: Kalaga Sriram
Published: October 2022

The structural reliability of round wood and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite transmission poles is investigated. Numerical reliabilities at ultimate loads for 20 poles are computed and compared. The main inference from this limited study is that FRP poles showed higher structural reliability than wood poles; the average reliability index of FRP poles is more than three times that of wood. It is suggested that composite poles offer better long-term performance, resilience and reliability when used in hurricane-prone and other highload areas.
Optimization Model for Maintenance Planning of Loading Equipment in Open Pit Mines
Authors: Javadnejad Farshid , Sharifi Mohammad Reza , Basiri Mohammad Hossein , Ostadi Bakhtiar
Published: October 2022

Maintenance plays a significant role in operating costs in the mining industry. Improving this matter controls maintenance costs and enhances productivity and production effectively. Shovels are one of the most widely used loading machines in non-continuous activities. Thus, evaluating and optimizing their availability is one of the essential solutions to achieving high productivity and cost reduction. This paper presents a mathematical programming model to maximize availability and minimize the total expected costs. We programmed the proposed nonlinear planning model using the Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) meta-heuristic algorithm in Matlab software. It determines the optimal maintenance intervals for different parts of the shovel. The maintenance benefit analysis approach selects various maintenance activities in optimal maintenance intervals. The model is implemented in a practical case study, Chadormalu Iron Mine, to evaluate its performance. The failure distribution matches the Weibull distribution function. The computational results show the efficiency of the presented approach.
Fertility, Pregnancy Rate, and Neonatal Outcome of Patient with Adenomyosis
Authors: Praja Adnyana Ida Bagus Putra , Surya Udayana I Gusti Ngurah Bagus , Diningrat Made Angga , Setiawan William Alexander
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to look at the link between adenomyosis and fertility, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes. Until April 2022, an electronic search was conducted utilizing the Medline, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases. There were seventeen observational studies in total. After assisted reproductive technology, adenomyosis was linked to a reduced clinical pregnancy rate (OR 0.69; 95 percent CI 0.51, 0.94) and a greater miscarriage rate (OR 2.17; 95 percent CI 1.25, 3.79) (ART). The lower clinical pregnancy rate was more substantial in the subset of individuals with brief downregulation regimens. Similar relationships were seen after age adjustment. Preeclampsia, premature delivery, cesarean section, fetal malpresentation, small-for-gestational-age infancy, and postpartum hemorrhage were also substantially linked to adenomyosis, which was confirmed after adjusting for age and mode of conception. Finally, adenomyosis is a disease that affects the muscles.
Epidemiology of Poor Glycaemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Terengganu State of Malaysia
Authors: Awang Hafizuddin , Muda Rohayaty , Rusli Norliza , Abd Rahman Mohd Anuar , Embong Kasemani
Published: October 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide and Malaysia. Poor glycaemic control among T2DM patients lead to serious life-long complications. Therefore, it is imperative to study the prevalence of poor glycaemic control and its risk factors to facilitate public health physicians and clinicians in developing the best strategies to optimize glycaemic control among T2DM patients.

Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study between groups of good glycaemic control and poor glycaemic control was conducted among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who fulfilled study criteria in Terengganu state of Malaysia. Eligible samples in the National Diabetes Registry registered from 1st January 2021 until 31st December 2021 were included into the study. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regressions were employed for data analysis.

Result: A total of 17,165 samples were recruited in the descriptive part of the study. The prevalence of patients with poor glycaemic control in Terengganu state was 65.3% (95% CI: 0.62, 0.67). In the inferential part of the study, a total 3,700 samples were randomly selected. Multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression revealed age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, cigarette smoking, presence of retinopathy and presence of hypertension were the significant factors associated with poor glycaemic control among T2DM patients in Terengganu state with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.95 (95%CI:0.94, 0.96); p<0.001), AOR 1.15 (95%CI:1.13, 1.17; p<0.001), AOR 1.03 (95%CI:1.01, 1.04; p<0.001), AOR 1.45 (95%CI:1.01, 2.10; p=0.047), AOR 1.32 (95%CI:1.01, 1.73; p=0.043) and AOR 1.39 (95%CI:1.16, 1.67; p<0.001) respectively.

Conclusion: Strategies focusing on the identified risk factors may improve diabetes mellitus management and avert life-long diabetic complications.
Case Report on Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Reactions to Orthopaedic Metallic Implant
Authors: Jayan Jeeno , Jajoria Hina
Published: October 2022

Orthopaedic implants are made up of metal alloys which even though are inert may cause allergic hypersensitivity reactions which may systemic or cutaneous. We discuss a case of hypersensitivity reaction to orthopaedic forearm plating which was manifested locally thought out the body surface. Dermatologist and orthopaedic surgeon worked collaboratively to manage this scenario successfully. However, further research needs to be carried out for detection and prevention.
Pankreatogén diabetes – a pankreatektomizált betegek diabetesének kezelésével nyert tapasztalataink
Authors: Kis János Tibor , Szemán Andrea , Arapovicsné Kiss Krisztina , Grosz Andrea , Mészáros Péter , Dubóczki Zsolt , Schandl László , Winkler Gábor
Published: October 2022

A hasnyálmirigy betegségéhez társult diabetes egy heterogén betegségcsoport, hiszen a hasnyálmirigy elváltozását több egymástól eltérő kórfolyamat okozhatja. Ezzel magyarázható, hogy sem a betegség diagnosztikai kritériumai, sem a kezelése nem egységes az irodalomban. Ráadásul a pankreatogén diabetes gyakran társul egyéb diabetes-kórformákhoz, nemritkán több párhuzamos patológiai folyamat áll a diabetes hátterében, azaz sok betegnél nem állapítható meg egyértelműen, hogy a hasnyálmirigy betegsége milyen mértékben vesz részt a hiperglikémia kialakításában. Dolgozatunkban összefoglaljuk a pankreatogén diabetes diagnózisával, kezelésével kapcsolatos jelenlegi ismereteket, illetve bemutatjuk az általunk gondozott, hasnyálmirigy-eltávolításon átesett betegekkel nyert tapasztalatainkat.
Diabeteses kéz? – Határterületi barangolások egy eset kapcsán
Authors: Körei Anna , Hajdú Noémi , Putz Zsuzsanna , Istenes Ildikó , Békeffy Magdolna Zsófia , Tordai Dóra , Vági Orsolya , Kempler Péter
Published: October 2022

A diabetes krónikus szövődményei kapcsán a mozgásszervi rendszert érintő rendellenességekre ritkán gondolunk. A mozgásszervi szövődmények közé tartozik az osteoneuroarthropathia mellett a cukorbetegekben gyakoribb befagyott váll szindróma, a rotátorköpeny-tendinopathia és a diabeteses kéz manifesztációi is, amelyek jelentős mértékben ronthatják a beteg életminőségét és mozgáskorlátozottság forrásai lehetnek. A diabeteses kéz szindróma klasszikus értelemben az ujj- és csuklóízületek elmerevedésével járó cheiroarthropathiát, a Dupuytren-contracturát és a flexortenosynovitist foglalja magába. A szövődmény felismerése fontos, mert kezelés hiányában a kéz funkcióját veszélyeztetheti. A szerzők esetismertetésünkkel a diabeteses kéz szindrómára, differenciáldiagnosztikájára és egyéb szövődményekkel mutatott összefüggéseire szeretnék felhívni a figyelmet.
Új generációs bólusanalógok alkalmazása gyerekeknél és serdülőknél
Authors: Körner Anna
Published: October 2022

A szerző az új generációs bólusanalógok gyermek- és serdülőkorban történő alkalmazását ismerteti. Leírja az élettani és farmakológiai hátteret, amely ezeknek a készítményeknek a fejlesztését szükségessé tette és ismerteti az oda vezető utat. Röviden leírja az első generációs bólusanalógok sajátosságait, majd részletesen kifejti a második generációs ultragyors hatású inzulinanalógok kémiai szerkezetét, legfontosabb farmakodinámiás és farmakokinetikei tulajdonságaikat. Részletesen ismerteti a gyermek- és serdülőkorban egyedül alkalmazható ultragyors hatású bólusanalóggal, a gyors aszparttal végzett klinikai vizsgálatok eredményeit. Röviden megemlíti azokat a készítményeket is, amelyek jelenleg még a kipróbálás fázisában vannak, de ebben a korosztályban egyelőre még nem alkalmazhatóak. A közleményt a szerző egy rövid jövőbe tekintéssel fejezi be.
A gliklazid MR helye a 2-es típusú diabetes jelen antidiabetikus kezelésében
Authors: Winkler Gábor
Published: October 2022

Napjaink kezelési irányelveiben az új vércukorcsökkentő gyógyszercsoportok szívelégtelenséget, krónikus vese- és/vagy atherosclerotikus szívbetegséget előnyösen befolyásoló hatásainak ismeretében átrendeződtek a terápiaválasztás szempontjai. Felmerül a kérdés, hol a helye a már régóta alkalmazott gyógyszercsoportoknak, azon belül a szulfanilureáknak és e származékok között, igazolt előnyei ismeretében, a gliklazidnak. Ennek megválaszolását tűzte ki célul az áttekintő közlemény. Sorra véve a készítménycsoport hatékonyságát, a koronavírus-járvány idején is megfigyelt biztonságosságát megállapítja, hogy még jó ideig a terápiás eszköztár része marad, s a gliklazid is őrzi kiemelt helyét a csoporton belül. Alacsony hipoglikémia-kockázatát ramadán idején végzett megfigyelések is megerősítették, obszervációs vizsgálatban a szitagliptinnél hatékonyabbnak és azonosan biztonságosnak bizonyult. A nátrium-glükóz kotranszporter-2 gátlókkal való kombinációjuk a vércukorcsökkentő kezelés hatékony alternatívája lehet.
Edukáció 2-es típusú cukorbetegség esetén
Authors: Szalai László , Tschürtz Nándor
Published: October 2022

Az edukáció célzott, egy bizonyos ismeretcsoport átadását/megszerzését jelenti, de csak akkor éri el a célját, ha ennek révén konkrét probléma megoldására irányuló eredményes cselekvéshez vezet. Ideális esetben ezen ismeretek/képességek/jártasságok/készségek személyiségbe épülését (interiorizációját) szolgáló folyamat. Ennek során az edukált személy életmódjának egy része megváltozik, célszerűen átalakul. Az edukáció tehát a legritkább esetben csak ismeretátadás. A nem megfelelő önmenedzselési szint elérésének akadálya legtöbbször nem is önmagában az ismeretek hiánya. Sőt! Sok esetben épp a környezetből (is) érkező ismeretdömping jelent problémát. Ez napjainkban világosan megfigyelhető. A túl sok, egymással részben ellentmondó információ bizonytalanságot és ezzel szorongást kelt. A szorongás pedig gátolja a célszerű cselekvést.
Mit tehet az MDT Családorvosi Munkacsoportja a cukorbetegek alapellátásban megvalósuló minőségi gondozása érdekében?
Authors: Oláh Ilona , Rosta László
Published: October 2022

A diabetes a hipertónia után a második leggyakoribb, rendszeres gondozási tevékenységet igénylő krónikus megbetegedés a családorvosi gyakorlatban. Ezen túlmenően az összes diabetes mintegy 94%-át kitevő 2-es típus gondozása a Magyar Diabetes Társaság aktuális irányelve szerint is deklaráltan az alapellátás feladata. A családorvosok diabetológiai licencképesítésének az egészségügyi kormányzat részéről történő elismerése, valódi tartalommal és jogosultságokkal való felruházása, valamint a praxisközösségek létrejötte új távlatokat nyithat, ami jelentős minőségi javulást eredményezhet a diabetológiai gondozás terén. A gondozási tevékenységhez tartozik a rizikóstátusz szerinti szűrés, a korai diagnózis, a célérték-orientált, életmód-központú és szükség esetén gyógyszeres terápiával kiegészített terápia, amelynek alapja az egyénre szabott glikémiás célértékek elérése, a szövődmények – különös tekintettel a kardiovaszkuláris vonatkozásokra – kialakulásának megelőzése. A betegek rendszeres, holisztikus szemléletű ellenőrzése, a kialakult szövődmények követése és a rehabilitáció szintén a praxis feladatai közé tartozik. Ezen elvek minél magasabb színvonalú megvalósulása céljából a családorvosok és a diabetológusok körében egybehangzó elvárásnak megfelelően 2011-ben létrehoztuk az MDT-n belül a Családorvosi Munkacsoportot. Írásunk a munkacsoport célkitűzéseit, eddigi tevékenységét és jövőbeli céljait, javaslatait foglalja össze.
A korai erélyes glikémiás kontroll jelentősége 2-es típusú cukorbetegségben
Authors: Hosszúfalusi Nóra
Published: October 2022

2-es típusú cukorbetegségben a vércukorszint növekedésével párhuzamosan, progresszív módon nő a mikro- és makrovaszkuláris szövődmények kialakulásának kockázata. A szövődmények megelőzéséhez és a halálozás csökkentéséhez alapvető fontosságú a cukorbetegség korai felfedezése és a megfelelő glikémiás kezelés mielőbbi megkezdése; ez utóbbi a betegség korai szakaszában egyénre szabott, szoros HbA1c-célérték (<6,5%) gyors (ideálisan 3 hónapon belüli, de legalább 6 hónapon belüli) elérését jelenti. Ennek megvalósításához előnyös egy GLP-1-receptoragonista típusú készítmény választása, amely szerek erőteljes glikémiás hatékonysága kedvező biztonságossági profillal (testsúlyelőny és alacsony hipoglikémia-kockázat) társul. A GLP-1-receptoragonisták közül hatékonyságával kiemelkedik a szemaglutid, amely hatóanyag immár orális formában is elérhető. A szemaglutid tablettaként való alkalmazhatósága elősegíti, hogy a betegek a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség korábbi szakaszában elfogadják a GLP-1-receptoragonista kezelést, és így hozzájussanak ezen gyógyszercsoport előnyeihez.
Az orális szemaglutid terápiás helye a mindennapi gyakorlatban
Authors: Lengyel Csaba
Published: October 2022

Számos evidencia igazolta, hogy a 2-es típusú diabétesz krónikus (mikro- és makro-) vaszkuláris szövődményei ugyan jelentősen visszaszoríthatók, illetve megelőzhetők a korán bevezetett, célértékorientált, multifaktoriális rizikókontrollal, ennek bevezetése mégis gyakran késik vagy elmarad. A komplex kockázatcsökkentő stratégiát szem előtt tartó antidiabetikum-választásnál kedvező helyzetben vannak a holisztikus hatásspektrummal rendelkező GLP-1-receptoragonisták. Ugyanakkor a betegek többsége a betegségkarrier korai fázisában ódzkodik az injekciós kezeléstől. Ennek az ellentmondásnak a feloldására, a GLP-1-RA kezelés korai elfogadásának elősegítése céljából fejlesztették ki a szemaglutidtablettát. A korán, metformin után bevezetett orális szemaglutidkezelés a korai erélyes glikémiás kontroll kialakítása, a testsúly kedvező befolyásolása, valamint a kardiovaszkuláris rizikófaktorokat csökkentő célzott kezelés kiegészítése révén jelentősen hozzásegíti 2-es típusú diabéteszes betegeinket a korai multifaktoriális rizikókontroll megvalósulásához, ami ideális pályára állítja őket a hosszú távú prognózis tekintetében.
Do industries' structural attributes/characteristics influence their decision to utilize strategic alliances?
Authors: NWOKOCHA Victor
Published: October 2022

This study assessed the structural characteristics of industries and their influence in the decision to utilize strategic alliance by industries. A survey research design and a questionnaire survey of 309 industries were used in the study while percentages and tables were used to analyse the data and show results. Based on the structural characteristics of the surveyed industries, two types of industries were found in the study. These are small scale industries with 5 - 49 workers and medium scale industries with 50 - 199 workers. The result also indicated that 68% of the surveyed industries were small scale industries while 32% were medium scale industries. In area of strategic alliance decisions, the study discovered that strategic alliances were utilized by industries of all sizes. Consequently, this paper has shown that strategic alliance plays an essential role in the production activities of small-scale industries. The paper suggests that industrial policies of government should be targeted at encouraging the potentials of small and medium scale industries.
Çalışma yaşamı kalitesi konulu lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyometrik profilinin incelenmesi
Authors: TÜR Erge
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada, Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında yayınlanan çalışma yaşamı kalitesi konulu lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyometrik profilinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında erişim izni bulunan 53 lisansüstü tez birtakım bibliyometrik göstergeler özelinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup, veri toplama tekniği olarak içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analiz ve çözümlemesinde Maxqda nitel veri analizi programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre en fazla lisansüstü tezin Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi bünyesinde yazıldığı, 2011 yılından itibaren çalışma yaşamı kalitesinin lisansüstü tezlerde daha sık olarak çalışıldığı, araştırmaya konu olan lisansüstü tezlerin yoğun olarak örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyeti gibi konularla birlikte çalışıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Caeculus fedrae sp. nov., a new fossil species of rake-legged mite (Acari: Caeculidae) from Baltic amber.
Authors: Porta Andrés O. , Michalik Peter , Ramírez Martín J.
Published: October 2022

Caeculus fedrae sp. nov. is described from a series of three exemplars from Baltic amber (Eocene). This species is the first fossil representative of the genus Caeculus, the first fossil species of the family not belonging to the genus Procaeculus, and the second species of the genus in Europe. Phylogenetic relationships, morphological features and paleoecological implications of the finding are discussed.
Applicability analysis of attention U-Nets over vanilla variants for automated ship detection
Authors: Gajjar Pranshav , Garg Manav , Shah Vatsal , Shah Pooja , Das Anup
Published: October 2022

Accurate and efficient detection of ships from aerial images is an intriguing and difficult task of extreme societal importance due to their implication and association with maritime infractions, and other suspicious actions. Having an automated system with the required capabilities indicates a substantial reduction in the related man-hours of characterization and the overall underlying processes. With the advent of various image processing techniques and advancements in the field of machine learning and deep learning, specialized methodologies can be created for the said task. An intuition for the enhancement of existing methodologies would be a study on attention-based cognition and the development of improved neural architectures with the available attention modules. This paper offers a novel study and empirical analysis of the utility of various attention modules with U-Net and other subsidiary architectures as a backbone for the task of computationally efficient and accurate ship detection. The best performing models are depicted and explained thoroughly, while considering their temporal performance.
Межкультурная прагматика китайских паремий в англоязычном медиадискурсе
Authors: Николаева О.В. , Кохан И.Н.
Published: October 2022

Монография посвящена проблеме функционирования китайских этнических паремий в дискурсе англоязычных СМИ Китая с точки зрения межкультурной прагматики. Определены методологические основы межкультурной прагматики на стыке лингвистической прагматики, межкультурной коммуникации и лингвокультурологии. Обоснована методика изучения этнических паремий в дискурсе англоязычных СМИ Китая. Развитие получили положения о статусе и тождестве инокультурной паремии. Детализируется понятие лингвокультурной вариативности инокультурных паремий в принимающем коммуникативном пространстве. Книга адресована лингвистам, культурологам, востоковедам, всем тем, кто интересуется китайской культурой и английским языком как средством межкультурного и международного общения.
Digital transformation of the urban environment: "Smart Cities" as drivers of socio-economic development of the region
Authors: LOBKOVA Elena V. , SMOLINA Elena G.
Published: October 2022

Subject. The article considers processes of digital transformation of cities, the success of the Smart City project, approaches to assessing the efficiency of digital transformation of the region, and digitalization of the urban environment.
Objectives. The purpose is to analyze the digitalization efficiency of Russian cities against the background of the study of international practices, develop a methodological approach to assess digital transformation efficiency of the urban environment, intensity of ICT introduction in regions.
Methods. We apply methods of observation, generalization, statistical analysis of data. The evaluation procedure rests on comparison of planned and actual indicators, calculation of relative indicators of the status and dynamics of selected aspects, and aggregation of calculated coefficients.
Results. We analyzed the level of digital transformation by group of cities based on the City IQ ranking for 2021, reviewed significant infrastructure solutions of resident companies of the Skolkovo Fund specializing in IT developments, offered an approach to assess the effectiveness of digital transformation of the region in general and the sphere of development of the urban environment in particular, within the framework of Strategy in the field of digital transformation of economic branches, social sphere and public administration of the Krasnoyarsk Krai.
Conclusions. The success of digital transformation of the urban environment is confirmed by the City IQ Index growth for 2021. The paper formulated main achievements and problems of the information and communication technology industry development in 2021 and the first half of 2022.
¿Tiene futuro la Dirección Pública Profesional en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria? Entre la institucionalización y la profesionalización
Authors: Videchea Sampedro Roque Javier
Published: October 2022

La Constitución Española de 1978 y las normas institucionales básicas atribuyeron competencias a las Comunidades Autónomas con las que poder idear y estructurar su administración pública, partiendo de un modelo de isomorfismo institucional. En la actualidad, el sector público autonómico muestra un carácter dispar en materia de organización, motivado por decisiones tomadas en su regulación durante el proceso de trasformación e innovación de la res pública en estas últimas décadas. Con la intención de revisar los procesos de cambio y modernización administrativa, se asume la reflexión sobre la evolución de la teoría de la organización desde una perspectiva neoinstitucionalista. En este sentido, la Dirección Pública Profesional es uno de los elementos catalizadores con el que las administraciones públicas podrían enfrentarse a desafíos actuales que ponen en riesgo la sostenibilidad de la administración pública en el siglo xxi, como es el caso de la reciente pandemia del COVID-19. Por esta razón, institucionalismo y profesionalización, más allá de parecer conceptos excluyentes deben conjugarse desde perspectivas neoweberianas.El presente estudio analiza el subsistema político-administrativo público en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria, con el fin de poder investigar la correlación existente entre el grado de politización de la alta función pública y la legislación respecto a la dirección pública profesional en las últimas décadas de construcción institucional de esta Comunidad Autónoma.
Análisis comparado de la votación de colombianos en Estados Unidos, España y Venezuela (2014 y 2018)
Authors: Casas Diego Alejandro , Piedrahita Bustamante Pedro
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue indagar sobre el comportamiento electoral de los migrantes colombianos en Estados Unidos, España y Venezuela, y la relevancia de los partidos políticos en las elecciones nacionales de 2014 y 2018. Se realizó a través del método comparado de la ciencia política, a partir de tres modelos de análisis: decisión racional (el ciudadano espera un beneficio o una utilidad con el voto), afinidad partidaria-identificación ideológica (el ciudadano vota de acuerdo con una determinada afinidad política ya establecida) y determinación sociohistórica (el ciudadano vota dependiendo de la estructura social, cultural o económica de la que haga parte). La metodología tuvo un enfoque mixto y el análisis se realizó siguiendo los dos estadios de análisis electoral, en los que, en un primer momento, se describen los resultados electorales en los tres países, y, en un segundo momento, se comparan estos resultados a través de distintos criterios, tales como las preferencias partidarias, los porcentajes de votación y la relevancia electoral. Se concluyó que existe un alto nivel de abstención de los colombianos en el exterior en este tipo de comicios, y que los partidos más relevantes y las preferencias políticas están asociadas a tendencias de derecha y centro derecha.
La evolución de la seguridad: pensarla con base en el concepto de seguridad humana
Authors: Sanchez Diez Ingrid
Published: October 2022

Evolucionamos en la concepción de la seguridad, advertimos que es necesario otro modo de afrontarla, pero no contamos con un marco académico adecuado que nos ayude a asumir los retos que tal evolución representa. La escasez de elaboración doctrinal en materia de seguridad nos lleva a proponer la creación de una formación académica universitaria dedicada a este ámbito, con una programación docente centrada en su concepción integral y en todos los factores que contribuyen a consolidarla o vulnerarla. Una formación con capacidad para instruir a los trabajadores de los niveles más cualificados de la seguridad y generar un entorno de debate e investigación científica que aporte definiciones y respuestas con base en marcos teóricos consensuados. Estimamos preciso que la universidad dedique atención y recursos a un ámbito tradicionalmente excluido de su objeto de estudio y al que solo se ha venido acercando tangencialmente a través de las áreas de conocimiento que tienen con él alguna relación temática. Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los retos que en seguridad enfrenta Colombia, para determinar cómo la formación universitaria puede colaborar a la configuración y asunción de una concepción de la seguridad adecuada a la realidad y las necesidades del país. Aún aspiramos a que la vertiente económica, alimentaria, de la salud, ambiental, de la comunidad y política sean objeto de garantía y protección esencial, haciendo que pierdan el protagonismo casi exclusivo las medidas reactivas y de control ejercidas por las fuerzas de seguridad públicas, para alentar la participación y el empoderamiento, en el ámbito de la seguridad, de otras administraciones públicas, la iniciativa privada y, fundamentalmente, la sociedad civil; entidades con capacidad para proponer, diseñar y aplicar métodos preventivos basados en el análisis y la anticipación.
Los derechos de propiedad y la maldición de los recursos en comunidades vulnerables de Colombia
Authors: Franco Vera Maria Camila
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene como propósito comprender el fenómeno de la maldición de los recursos a partir de la teoría de Leif Wenar y la violación de derechos humanos que trae consigo en las comunidades vulnerables de Colombia. En este contexto son comunidades vulnerables aquellas que por sus recursos naturales están en territorios beneficiosos para los grupos armados, donde han tenido injerencia las empresas multinacionales y sufren a causa de los intereses estatales. Además, se analiza la consulta previa como una posible solución política a la maldición de los recursos que viven las comunidades.