bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM (Analisis terhadap Pemikiran M. Atho’ Mudzhar)
Authors: Ridla M. Rasyid
Published: March 2021

Sebagai sesuatu yang tidak muncul eksis dalam ruang hampa,jelas, hukum Islam merupakan fenomena budaya dan fenomenasosial sekaligus. Kenyataan ini menyadarkan kita bahwa dalammelakukan studi hukum Islam, penggunaan perspektif ilmuilmubudaya dan ilmu-ilmu sosial merupakan suatu keniscayaandalam meneropong hukum Islam. Artikel ini, berusahamemotret gagasan M. Atho’ Mudzhar tentang sosiologi hukumIslam, yang dapat mengambil beberapa tema yakni studimengenai pengaruh agama terhadap perubahan masyarakat,studi tentang pengaruh struktur dan perubahan masyarakatterhadap pemahaman ajaran agama atau konsep keagamaan,studi tentang tingkat pengamalan beragama masyarakat, studitentang pola sosial masyarakat Muslim dan studi tentanggerakan masyarakat yang membawa paham yang dapatmelemahkan atau menunjang kehidupan beragama. Padabidang-bidang inilah Mudzhar mendedikasikan hampirkeseluruhan energi intelektualnya, sebagaimana tampak dalamhampir keseluruhan karya tulis dan hasil penelitiannya.
PENCARIAN DANA MASJID DI JALAN RAYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Wardi Moch. Cholid
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan aktifitaspengorganisasian sumbangan di jalan raya dari perspektifhukum Islam. Kegiatan ini memunculkan kontradiksi, adapihak yang mendukung dan ada pihak yang menolaknya.Mereka berdebat satu sama lain untuk mempertahankanpendapat mereka sendiri. Walhasil, perspektif hukum Islammemastikan apakah kegiatan tersebut yang legal atau tidak.Penegakan hukum Islam terhadap pendapat teresebut harusmemandang beberapa alasan dasar, termasuk kondisi geografis,motif ekonomi sosial budaya maupun motof-motifvertikaltertentu. Selain itu, ia harus mengantisipasi dampaknyaterhadap masyarakat Islam secara umum dan prioritaskeuntungan ketimbang mafsadah-nya. Bahkan, permintaansumbangan di jalan raya bisa mendatangkan madlarah, sepertiperilaku mengemis yang dilarang dalam Islam, karenamenurunkan martabat umat Muslim secara universal. Yangtidak kalah pentingnya, konsep bangunan masjid tidakdikategorikan dlarûrah.
PARADIGMA UTILITARIANISTIK DALAM ISTINBÂTH HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Zabidi Ahmad Zayyaduz
Published: March 2021

Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, hukum Islam merupakan suatukekuatan yang dinamis dan kreatif. Dengan berlalunya waktu, iakemudian menjelma ke dalam kristalisasi madzhab-madzhabfiqh yang akhirnya mengarah pada penutupan pintu ijtihâd.Tentu saja, penutupan pintu ijtihâd ini secara logis mengarahkankepada kebutuhan taqlid. Keadaan menimbulkan kesadaranpara fuqahâ’ menuju kebutuhan akan pembukaan kembali pintuijtihâd. Dalam pada itu, muncul tiga pendekatan dalam kajiandan istinbâth hukum Islam, yaitu pendekatan tekstualis, liberalis,dan kontekstualis. Pendekatan terakhir ini, yangmengembangkan paradigma utilitarianistik, lahir sebagai akibatkegagalan tektualisme dan kesewenang-wenangan dalampenafsiran al-Qur’ân sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh kaumliberal. Namun demikian, paradigma utilitarianistik terbagi kedalam dia bagian, yaitu utilitarianistik-literal, yangberpandangan bahwa kemaslahatan selalu ditundukkan dibawah hegemoni teks dan paradigma utilitarianistik-liberalyang memosisikan peran akal secara besar-besar dalammenentukan mashlahah.
APLIKASI PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PRODUK KPRS DI PERBANKAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Marwini Marwini
Published: March 2021

Ide pendirian bank syari’ah adalah untuk menghindari praktikribâwi dalam aktifitas ekonomi. Namun bank-bank syari’ahdalam melaksanakan kegiatan usahanya tidak menghapuskanbunga dan membagi risiko, tetapi mempertahankan praktikpembebanan bunga, terbukti bank syari’ah, produk pembiayaan80 sampai 95 persen menggunakana mekanisme murabahah.padahal yang menjadi karakteristik bank syari’ah adalah harusdidasarkan kepada Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS), bukanberdasarkan pada prinsip bunga. Murabahah adalah miripdengan sistem bunga, karena perubahan dari sistem berbasisbunga menuju sistem mark-up hanyalah sekedar perubahannama, tanpa mengubah substansi. Dalam kasus ini, pelaksanaanpembiayaan murabahah KPR syari’ah dalam bank syari’ah dilihatmekanisme dan ketentuan akad murabahah telah memenuhiprinsip-prinsip syarî’ah, walaupun dalam penentuan margindalam transaksi ini masih mengacu kepada komponenkomponenpenentuan bunga yang digunakan dalam bankkonvensional. Komponen-komponen tersebut cost of found,overhead cost, premi risiko, dan jangka waktu.
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI SYARÎ’AH DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Muqorobin Masyhudi
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan ekonomi syarî’ah, juga disebut ekonomi Islam,saat ini memberikan harapan yang cukup menjanjikan. Hal initidak saja terjadi di Indonesia melainkan di hampir seluruhbelahan dunia, baik di Timur maupun di Barat. Ekonomi Islamsebagai bidang ilmu juga telah diajarkan di universitasuniversitasEropa dan Amerika. Di Indonesia jumlah perguruantinggi penyelengara ilmu ekonomi, yang dari sekitar 145perguruan tinggi, belum ada 10 program studi ilmu Ekonomiyang menyelenggarakan program ekonomi Islam/syarî’ah.Perguruan tinggi menjadi tempat yang amat strategis salampengembangan ilmu ekonomi syarî’ah serta penyiapan SDM dibidang tersebut, utamanya mulai dari program undergraduate(S1) sebagai starting point. Pengembangan kurikulum didesaindengan muatan ilmu ekonomi Islam secara penuh, sehinggahampir semua mata kuliah yang diajarkan memiliki muatanbagi pengembangan ekonomi Islam. Integrasi nilai-nilai Islamke dalam setiap mata kuliah merupakan sebuah kemestianyang tidak dapat ditunda dalam pengembangan ilmu ekonomiIslam serta sistem ekonomi yang akan dihasilkannya, tanpamemperdebatkan perlu tidaknya pemakaian label “Islam” atau‘syarî’ah” ke dalam jenis mata kuliah yang bersangkutan.Program ini dapat dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan disiplin,yaitu pendekatan disiplin Ilmu Ekonomi (Economics dominance)dan pendekatan disiplin Ilmu Agama (Syarî’ah dominance).
PARADIGMA BARU FIQH PEREMPUAN (Studi Analisis atas Gender Mainstreaming Omid Safi dalam Agenda Muslim Progressive)
Authors: Thoha Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Omid Safi dan kawan-kawan dengan label MuslimProgressive mengusung tiga agenda besar, yaknimewujudkan keadilan sosial, kesetaraan jender, danpemahaman terhadap pluralisme. Dengan metode multiplecritique, Omid Safi mengkritisi kejumudan para ultraKonservatif yang selalu menyalahkan Yahudi, Kristen, danbahkan umat Muslim yang tidak sepaham dengan mereka.Demikian pula kritik di sisi ini diarahkan kepada kaum neoKonservatif yang menjadikan teks begitu kaku dan rigitserta ditafsirkan apa adanya. Sementara di sisi lain MuslimProgressive juga mengkritisi kaum Muslim liberal yangmenjadikan modernitas sebagai kiblat utama tujuan hidupmereka dengan mengenyampingkan tradisi keislamansebagai landasan moral dan pikiran. Muslim Progressivedigagas untuk mengawinkan kedua sisi tersebut. Tulisanini menampilkan tawaran Muslim Progressive dalam agendakesetaraan jender, yang menekankan pada paradigm barufiqh perempuan. Muslim Progressive memaknai fiqh sebagaiinterpretasi syari’ah. Dengan demikian, fiqh harusdiformulasikan sesuai dan seimbang dengan tuntutanzaman. Teks al-Qur’an dan Sunnah yang dijadikan landasanlahirnya produk fiqh tidak harus dipahami sebagaimanafuqahâ` memahaminya saat itu. Perkembangan zaman,kebutuhan, dan tujuan semestinya senantiasa menjadi ‘illahyang menyertai perumusan hukum saat ini.
TREND ONTOLOGIS DAN EPISTEMOLOGIS KAJIAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Hefni Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Sebagai bagian dari studi Islam, studi hukum Islam padaawalnya bersifat normatif. Dalam perkembangannya,beberapa ahli hukum Islam memperluas pola-pola kajianpada hukum Islam nondoktrinal yang lebih bersifatsosiologis. Belakangan muncul kecenderungan baru kajianhukum Islam yang mencoba mensintesiskan kajian hukumIslam doktriner dan nondoktriner. Di sisi lain, secaraontologis, kajian hukum Islam mengenal kajian pembidangan,seperti kajian fiqh ahwâl al-syakhshiyyah, fiqh ibâdah, fiqhmu’âmalah, dan kajian geografis, seperti kajian hukum Islamglobal, kawasan, dan lokal. Secara epistemologis danontologis, model-model kajian hukum Islam di atas telahdilakukan oleh mahasiswa Prodi Ahwâl al-SyakhshiyyahSTAIN Pamekasan. Ini dibuktikan oleh 33 kajian skripsimahasiswa yang merambah pada model-model kajiantersebut. Lebih dari itu, secara sosiologis, penelitian inidisebut sebagai penelitian lokalitas, yakni penelitian yangmengambil lokus Madura.
TRADISI “ NYARE DHINA” DALAM PENENTUAN HARI PERNIKAHAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DI DESA LARANGAN BADUNG
Authors: Sirojuddin Sirojuddin , Asyari Mohammad Bashri
Published: March 2021

Tradisi nyare dhina yang berkembang dalammasyarakat Larangan Badung adalah sebagai awaldari perencanaan penentuan, baik hari atau bulanuntuk melangsungkan  acara pernikahan yangbiasanya dalam masyarakat Larangan Badung, akadnikah serta walimah dilaksanakan dalam satu waktu.Kebiasaan masyarakat Larangan Badung dalamtradisi nyare dhina mempunyai harapan denganmelaksanakan hari pernikahan di hari yang baikyakni meminta petunjuk pada Kyai maka akanmemperoleh kebaikan bagi kedua mempelai yangmelangsungkan pernikahan, sebagaimana harapanbanyak orang dalam bentuk keluarga yang SakinahMawaddah Warahmah serta keturunan shaleh shalehahyang akan mereka didik nantinya.
STUDI ANALISIS-KOMPARATIF METODE DALÂLAH AL-NASH DAN MAFHÛM MUWÂFAQAH DALAM PENGGALIAN MAKNA NASH SYAR’I
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: March 2021

Nash al-Qurân dan Hadîts mengandung makna dan esensiyang harus ditangkap secara tepat oleh manusia, tentunyamenangkap makna dan esensi yang berada dalam nashsyar‟î perlu cara atau metode sehingga nash syar‟î berupakalamullah yang mengandung norma hukum dan panduankehidupan manusia tersebut dapat diimplementasikandalam kehidupan yang nyata. Dalam Ilmu MetodologiIstinbâth Hukum Islam, Jumhûr Mutakallimîn dalammenggali makna nash memilih dengan menggunakanmetode Manthûq dan Mafhûm Muwâfaqah. Sementaragolongan Fuqâha‟, mereka memilih berbeda dalam mencari,menggali dan menafsiri makna nash syar‟î dengan metodedalâlah al-nash.
O fotolivro no ambiente tecnoimagético: considerações sobre a dimensão crítica da fotografia a partir de The Americans, de Robert Frank
Authors: Souza e Silva Wagner , Mazzilli Bruna Sanjar
Published: March 2021

Com a crescente retomada dos fotolivros no campo editorial, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a relevância desses objetos para a circulação da fotografia, sobretudo num momento em que o cenário comunicacional se baseia numa ambiência tecnoimagética de onipresença da imagem digital e da tela como suporte. Tem-se, como estratégia de análise, a abordagem do percurso editorial do livro The Americans, de Robert Frank, desde sua primeira edição, em 1958, até a versão mais recente, de 2008. Sugere-se que a insistência dessa obra como uma importante referência evidencia que o livro, além de ser um relevante espaço para a circulação e divulgação, é decisivo para a expansão do potencial crítico da fotografia.
A midiatização e suas lógicas: análise de casos à luz dos regimes de interação e sentido
Authors: Mendes Conrado Moreira , Mattos Maria Ângela , Maricato André Vianna , Primo Marcelle , Vitti Mariana , Alves Ranier
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as possíveis articulações entre os regimes de interação e sentido e as perspectivas da midiatização e suas lógicas, a primeira centrada na lógica do funcionamento da mídia e a segunda inscrita nos processos sociais em sua imbricação com processos de midiatização, denominada de lógicas da midiatização. A partir de estudos de casos empíricos à luz dos quatro regimes de interação formulados pelo sociossemioticista Eric Landowski (2014) – programação, manipulação, ajustamento e acidente – buscamos ampliar o quadro interpretativo acerca dos processos de interação midiatizada por meio da interface entre aquelas perspectivas da midiatização e da sociossemiótica no contexto da sociedade midiatizada contemporânea.
Ações e estratégias voltadas para a ciência aberta em universidades estaduais paulistas: um estudo multicaso
Authors: Ribeiro Nivaldo Calixto , Oliveira Dalgiza Andrade , Santos Sarah Rúbia de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral identificar e refletir sobre as ações das universidades estaduais paulistas - Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp) e Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - quanto à divulgação da pesquisa científica e à produção de novos conhecimentos por meio de estratégias voltadas para a Ciência Aberta. Como objetivos específicos, pretende-se apontar políticas públicas adotadas nas universidades estaduais paulistas e identificar como essas instituições definem suas diretrizes relacionadas às novas formas de compartilhamento de dados e de informação. Como procedimentos de coletas de dados, são empregados a pesquisa bibliográfica e o levantamento documental. Além disso, endereçamos aos gestores das três universidades aqui trabalhadas, via Serviço de Informações ao Cidadão (SIC), uma solicitação de compartilhamento de informações sobre as iniciativas e as estratégias de Ciência Aberta desenvolvidas por essas instituições. Para a análise, categorizamos e classificamos os dados levantados por meio das cinco correntes de pensamento que representam perspectivas reconhecidas pelos autores Fecher e Friesike (2013). Os dados foram tratados em planilha Excel e interpretados com o auxílio do conjunto de ferramentas nas nuvens de business intelligence Power BI. Concluiu-se que as universidades investigadas apresentam grande foco na pesquisa e, portanto, estão seriamente envolvidas em diversos movimentos voltados para a Ciência Aberta.
Atributos da encontrabilidade da informação e a desmobilização da postura ativa do usuário da Web
Authors: Mari Jr. Sergio , Contani Miguel Luiz
Published: March 2021

A World Wide Web revolucionou o modo como consumimos informação, demandando dos usuários postura ativa na busca pelos conteúdos. Mais recentemente, as redes sociais na Internet ofereceram ainda mais liberdades e possibilidades de ação, porém também foram responsáveis por popularizar os ambientes informacionais conhecidos como timelines. Nesses ambientes, os conteúdos apresentados são selecionados automaticamente, por meio de algoritmos. O estudo deste artigo tem o objetivo de evidenciar de que forma a dinâmica e a arquitetura da informação utilizadas nas timelines contribuem para o retorno a uma postura passiva por parte do usuário. Emprega a análise dos atributos da Encontrabilidade da Informação como metodologia, verificando o modo como são aplicados nas timelines. A análise indicou evidências de que tais ambientes atendem a poucos atributos da Encontrabilidade da Informação, permitindo concluir que foram projetadas para um usuário indiferente, que não procura adotar postura ativa na busca pela informação.
Framework para investigação do usuário em projetos de arquitetura da informação
Authors: Lima Laerte Adler Ribeiro de , Vechiato Fernando Luiz
Published: March 2021

Considerando a complexidade inerente aos estudos de usuários no contexto dos ambientes informacionais digitais, esta pesquisa objetiva desenvolver um framework para a investigação do usuário em projetos de arquitetura da informação com base nos estudos de Experiência do Usuário e de Comportamento Informacional. Para isso, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de identificar aspectos básicos de cada campo de estudo. Com esse aporte teórico, foi construído o framework proposto, o qual relaciona as fases de pré-interação, interação e pós-interação com as características e finalidades dos dois campos de estudo que podem ser consideradas em projetos de arquitetura da informação. Com os resultados alcançados, esta pesquisa proporciona subsídios para futuras investigações científicas, bem como para a aplicação na rotina de trabalho dos arquitetos da informação.
Análise da estrutura classificatória dos portfólios de projetos da Embrapa: uma aplicação da Teoria da Classificação Facetada
Authors: Rocha Laura , De Almeida Campos Maria Luiza
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta a aplicabilidade dos fundamentos teóricos provenientes da Teoria da Classificação Facetada para as atividades relacionadas à construção de modelos de domínios de conhecimento. Para tanto, tem como campo empírico os projetos de pesquisa da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa em Agropecuária, organizados por meio de portfólios que abrangem as principais áreas de atuação da empresa a partir de uma classificação temática baseada em objetivos estratégicos. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, aplica-se o postulado das categorias numa amostra de onze portfólios – de um total de trinta e quatro –, selecionados a partir da possibilidade de acesso aos projetos de pesquisa vinculados, bem como a um conjunto de documentos institucionais utilizados como fonte de informação na análise. Após um exercício de categorização dos portfólios a partir das categorias fundamentais propostas por Ranganathan – Personalidade, Matéria, Energia, Espaço e Tempo –, pôde-se perceber que não há um princípio norteador único na base classificatória dos portfólios e que coexistem diferentes princípios, embora isso não esteja explicitado. A análise demonstrou que existem portfólios relacionados às categorias Personalidade, Matéria e Energia. Conclui-se que a Teoria da Classificação Facetada se mostra útil e relevante em diferentes contextos, visto que possibilita um raciocínio lógico para a criação de classes e subclasses num sistema de conceitos, o que independe da materialidade do objeto, pois se situa no chamado Plano das Ideias. Logo, mostra-se essencial para a construção de modelos de domínios de conhecimento.
A evolução do projeto editorial da revista Em Questão
Authors: Pithan Flávia Ataide , Kowarick Adriana Coelho Borges
Published: March 2021

Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa histórica/descritiva e, posteriormente, interpretativa que analisou a evolução do projeto editorial da revista Em Questão ao longo dos seus 35 anos. Os elementos textuais (títulos, corpo de texto, citações, cabeçalho, rodapés, legendas etc.) e imagéticos (capa, identidade visual, figuras, tabelas, ilustrações etc.) foram primeiramente categorizados, depois comparados e, por fim, analisados, gerando as inferências interpretativas desde a primeira edição da revista até as mais atuais. Verificou-se, entre outros pontos, que o projeto editorial evoluiu adequadamente nesses 35 anos.
Competência em Informação e Mídia no Ensino de História: observações acerca de indicações de obras cinematográficas em meios virtuais
Authors: Corrêa Sabrina Simões , Gonçalves Renata Braz
Published: March 2021

A presente pesquisa objetivou relacionar dados coletados em blogs e sites administrados por professores de História da educação básica com os pressupostos teórico-conceituais da media information literacy a fim de discutir a abordagem dada aos recursos cinematográficos indicados nesses meios virtuais para fins didático-pedagógicos. Quanto à metodologia, esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo descritivo de cunho quali-quantitativo. A elaboração do estudo se deu através da pesquisa bibliográfica e da pesquisa documental, cujas fontes foram os meios virtuais. A análise foi pautada pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo. No que se refere aos resultados, a pesquisa observou 25 meios virtuais, dos quais nove apresentaram indicações de obras cinematográficas, totalizando 362 filmes distintos. As informações concedidas pelos docentes nos meios virtuais permitiram a identificação de aspectos voltados à competência em informação e mídia, dentre eles: menções relacionadas ao acesso, à avaliação e ao uso dos recursos fílmicos; apontamento de dados referentes à indicação de autoria nas informações postadas nos meios virtuais; observação de informações que admitissem o potencial democrático e positivo do uso das linguagens fílmicas para fins educacionais, bem como o potencial negativo, voltado à ideia de que há intenções comerciais e ideológicas por trás da produção cinematográfica. Conclui-se que é fundamental haver o aprimoramento e o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências informacionais e midiáticas, uma vez que o acesso a recursos ‘não convencionais’ exige dos indivíduos novas habilidades. Nesse contexto, o bibliotecário se insere como agente mediador na promoção de estratégias para o uso efetivo e ético da informação.
Os desafios da gestão editorial no contexto da ciência aberta
Authors: Pedri Patrícia , Araujo Ronaldo Ferreira
Published: March 2021

Resenha do livro Gestão editorial de periódicos científicos: tendências e boas práticas organizado por Lúcia da Silveira e Fabiano Couto Côrrea da Silva. A coletânea apresenta processos, ferramentas e reflexões acerca das políticas editoriais consoantes a disseminação da informação científica.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL ASSURANCE PROGRAM OF SUPPORTING BENEFICIARIES WITH INDISPENSABLE MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Petrukhina I. K. , Yagudina R. I. , Ryazanova T. K. , Kurkin V. A. , Pervushkin S. V. , Egorova A. V. , Loginova L. V. , Khusainova A. I. , Blinkova P. R.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research was to study the main indicative indicators of the implementation of The Federal Program “Provision of Essential Medicines” in 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on the results of 2018 and 2019.

Materials and methods. The analyzed data were provided on the basis of the request cards specially designed by the health authorities of 20 subjects of the Russian Federation located in seven federal districts.

Results. It has been established that the funds allocated to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directly depend on the number of beneficiaries who retained the right to receive state social assistance in the form of a set of social services. These funds also correlate with the indicator “Population of the subject of the Russian Federation”. In all the studied constituent entities of the Russian Federation, more than 50% of the total number of people who retained the right to preferential drug provision in 2018–2019, asked for medical help as part of the program “Provision of Essential Medicines”. Herein, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the average cost of one prescription amounted to 1,107.2 rubles in 2018 and 1,297.2 rubles in 2019. The estimated indicator “The average actual expenditures per 1 citizen entitled to state social assistance in the form of a set of social services, amounted to 1,723.0±90.2 rubles in 2018 and 1,526.8±80.5 rubles in 2019, which is higher than the approved input normative (823.3 rubles and 861.8 rubles in 2018 and 2019, respectively).

Conclusion. Thus, an excess of average actual expenditures per citizen entitled to state social assistance in the form of a set of social services, was notified over the standards established by the decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation. The revealed discrepancy between the normative and actual expenditures can also be an indirect confirmation of the fact that the most needy beneficiaries with chronic diseases remained in the program “Provision of Essential Medicines”.
Assessing the Risks of SARS-CoV-2 in Wildlife
Authors: Delahay Richard , de la Fuente Jose , Smith Graham , Sharun Khan , Snary Emma , Flores Giron Luis , Nziza Julius , Fooks Anthony , Brookes Sharon , Lean Fabian , Breed Andrew , Gortazar Christian
Published: March 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 likely emerged from a wildlife source with transmission to humans followed by rapid geographic spread throughout the globe and severe impacts on both human health and the global economy. Since the onset of the pandemic, there have been many instances of human-to-animal transmission involving companion, farmed and zoo animals, and limited evidence for spread into free-living wildlife. The establishment of reservoirs of infection in wild animals would create significant challenges to infection control in humans and could pose a threat to the welfare and conservation status of wildlife. We discuss the potential for exposure, onward transmission and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in an initial selection of wild mammals (bats, canids, felids, mustelids, great apes, rodents and cervids). Dynamic risk assessment and targeted surveillance are important tools for the early detection of infection in wildlife, and here we describe a framework for collating and synthesising emerging information to inform targeted surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife. Surveillance efforts should be integrated with information from public and veterinary health initiatives to provide insights into the potential role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.
Immunological Aspects Related to Viral Infections in Severe Asthma and the Role of Omalizumab
Authors: Menzella Francesco , Ghidoni Giulia , Galeone Carla , Capobelli Silvia , Scelfo Chiara , Facciolongo Nicola Cosimo
Published: March 2021

Viral respiratory infections are recognized risk factors for the loss of control of allergic asthma and the induction of exacerbations, both in adults and children. Severe asthma is more susceptible to virus-induced asthma exacerbations, especially in the presence of high IgE levels. In the course of immune responses to viruses, an initial activation of innate immunity typically occurs and the production of type I and III interferons is essential in the control of viral spread. However, the Th2 inflammatory environment still appears to be protective against viral infections in general and in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections as well. As for now, literature data, although very limited and preliminary, show that severe asthma patients treated with biologics don’t have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or progression to severe forms compared to the non-asthmatic population. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, exerts a profound cellular effect, which is able to stabilize the effector cells becoming much more efficient from the point of view of innate immunity in contrasting respiratory viral infections. In addition to the antiviral effect, clinical efficacy and safety of this biological allows a great improvement in the management of asthma.
High-Yield Production of Nano-Lateral Size Graphene Oxide by High-Power Ultrasonication
Authors: Timochenco Licínia , Costa-Almeida Raquel , Bogas Diana , Silva Filipa A.L.S. , Silva Joana , Pereira André , Magalhães Fernão D. , Pinto Artur M.
Published: March 2021

Nanographene oxide (GOn) constitutes a nanomaterial of high value in the biomedical field. However, large scale production of highly stable aqueous dispersions of GOn is yet to be achieved. In this work, we explored high-power ultrasonication as a method to reduce particle size of GO and characterized the impact of the process in the physico-chemical properties of the material. GOn was obtained with lateral dimensions of 99 ±43 nm and surface charge of −39.9 ± 2.2 mV. High-power ultrasonication enabled an improvement of stability features, particularly by resulting in a decrease of the average particle size, as well as zeta potential, in comparison to GO obtained by low-power exfoliation and centrifugation (287 ± 139 nm; −29.7 ± 1.2 mV). Re-markably, GOn aqueous dispersions were stable for up to 6 months of shelf-time, with a global process yield of 74%. This novel method enabled the production of large volumes of highly con-centrated (7.5 mg mL-1) GOn aqueous dispersions. Chemical characterization of GOn allowed the identification of characteristic oxygen functional groups, supporting high-power ultrasonication as a fast, efficient and productive process for reducing GO lateral size, while maintaining the material’s chemical features.
A Gadolinium(III) Complex Based on the Thymine Nucleobase With Properties Suitable for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications
Authors: Orts-Arroyo Marta , Ten-Esteve Amadeo , Ginés-Cárdenas Sonia , Castro Isabel , Martí-Bonmatí Luis , Martínez-Lillo Jose
Published: March 2021

The paramagnetic gadolinium(III) ion is used as contrast agent in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to improve the lesion detection and characterization. It generates a signal by changing the relaxivity of protons from associated water molecules and creates a clearer physical distinction between the molecule and the surrounding tissues. New gadolinium-based contrast agents displaying larger relaxivity values and specifically targeted might provide higher resolution and better functional images. We have synthesized the gadolinium(III) complex of formula [Gd(thy)2(H2O)6](ClO4)3·2H2O (1) [thy = 5-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione or thymine], which is the first reported compound based on gadolinium and thymine nucleobase. 1 has been characterized through vis-IR, SEM-EDAX and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, and its magnetic and relaxometric properties have been investigated by means of SQUID magnetometer and MR imaging phantom studies, respectively. On the basis of its high relaxivity values, this gadolinium(III) complex can be considered a suitable candidate for contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
Elovanoid 34 Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokines and Arrest the Expression of Genes That Drive Senescence, Autophagy, Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Inflammation in Human Nasal Cells Exposed to House Dust Mite (HDM): Therapeutic Potential in Allergy
Authors: Resano Alfredo , Barajas Miguel , Bhattacharjee Surjyadipta , Aguado-Jiménez Roberto , Rodríguez David , Palacios Ricardo , Bazán Nicolás G
Published: March 2021

Elovanoids (ELV) are novel lipid mediators synthesized from very long-chain (VLC) omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosa-pentaenoic acid (EPA), by the elongase enzyme ELOVL4. ELV have been shown to play a funda-mental role in maintaining brain and retina function, neuroprotection, maintaining the skin's permeability barrier, and sperm function, among other important cellular processes. Furthermore, the methyl ester or sodium salt of ELV-N32 and ELV-N34 have been found to be efficient in re-duced infarct volumes, promoting cell survival and decreasing the alteration of the neurovascular unit in a model of ischemia due to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Their bioactivity in-cludes enhancing of anti-apoptotic and pro-survival protein expression combined with the downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins. House dust mite (HDM) is the most prevalent indoor allergen, and HDM exposure is frequently the cause of allergic respiratory disease, including aller-gic rhinitis and allergic asthma in HDM sensitized individuals. In our study, human nasal epithe-lial cells (HNEpC) were used as an in vitro model for allergy. The cells were challenged with HDM (mixture of Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus extract), with or without treat-ment with ELV-34. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (vehicle) and ELV-34 (500 nM) alone were used as the control. Our findings show that ELV-34 promotes cell viability and reduces cytotoxi-city upon HDM sensitization of HNEpC. ELV-34 treatment significantly reduces the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, VEGF, ICAM1, CXCL1 and CCL2, restored the IL-10 level and diminishes the induc-tion of the transcription of inflammatory and senescence genes in HNEpC. Our data also shows that HDM triggered the expression of several key genes in human nasal epithelial cells, including autophagy, unfolded protein response (UPR), Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), senescence and inflammation markers. Together, our data reveal a novel pro-homeostatic and cell-protective li-pid-signaling mechanism in nasal epithelial cells that envision novel potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergies.
A Study on Different Bricks & Identification of Quality of Bricks Based on Existing Data
Authors: Hossain Md. Numan
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the different types of bricks as a construction material. In this study, monitoring different technical specification or characteristics of the bricks. At the end of study, Brick Quality Index (BQI) evaluated. According to BQI, bricks were classified poor to excellent quality.
Long-Term Pedigree Analysis: An Effective Tool for Managing Congenital Malformations in Cattle
Authors: Čítek Jindřich , Večerek Libor , Šlosárková Soňa , Fleischer Petr , Schröffelová Daniela , Kučera Josef
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the pedigrees of calves affected by one of three congenital defects: aplasia genitalis, atresia ani et recti and hernia cerebralis. The defects were diagnosed by veterinary surgeons in the Czech surveillance program for bovine genetic disorders. The sires fathering affected calves were born in the Czech Republic or imported from 1986-2001. The cases occurred on farms across the Czech Republic. The pedigree of each case was examined for common maternal and paternal ancestors (inbreeding loops) and for ancestors shared by other cases of the defect. The 13 calves affected by aplasia genitalis had common ancestors in all cases. The results indicate hereditary causation with recessive inheritance. Additionally, in atresia ani et recti, some of the pedigrees of 25 affected calves support hereditary causation, and repeating ancestors were found for 11 calves. In contrast, our analysis of 11 hernia cerebralis cases did not confirm the genetic background. We demonstrated that the pedigree analysis of congenital defects could help in controlling genetic health, although the final goal in terms of inherited defects is the description of causal genes and mutations. Measures to control sires that father affected calves should be appropriate under the current knowledge, which include culling or prudent use of breeding with the monitoring of descendants.
KIAM publications in Crossref reports
Authors: Ermakov Alexey Viktorovitch
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the issues of placing the KIAM publications metadata in the Crossref database. All information contained in the metadata is analyzed by Crossref and displayed in various reports. The reports give the publisher an idea of the completeness and correctness of the bibliographic data presented. The completeness and correctness of metadata directly or indirectly affects the number of views and citations of a publication, and, accordingly, the ratings of scientific publications, authors and organizations.
IDENTIFIKASI TIMBULAN DAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA SAMPAH PASAR DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: INDAWATI LINA
Published: March 2021

Sampah Pasar mnejadi masalah yang serius di kota Surabaya karena salah satu penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca. Dan merupakan sampah terbesar kedua setelah sampah pemukiman. Pengelolaan sampah melalui paradigma baru dapat dilakukan melalui reduksi sampah, pembatasan timbulan sampah serta pemanfaatan kembali sampah sehingga dapat mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca yang terlepas ke udara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi emisi yang ditimbulkan dari sampah pasar. Pelepasan emisi gas rumah kaca dapat diidentifikasi melalui pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Pendekatan dengan LCA dilakukan dengan pendekatan 3 skenario yaitu scenario 1 sampah langsung dikirim ke TPA, scenario 2 hanya sampah sayuran, makanan, plastic, kertas dan logam di daur ulang, scenario 3 hanya sampah sayuran dan makanan yang didaur ulang. Emisi terbesar gas CH4 dan CO2 dihasilkan oleh scenario 1 sebesar 4,9 Gg/tahun, dan 237205,5 MTCO2E/tahun. Adanya daur ulang sampah kertas, plastik, logam, kaca, sayuran dan makanan akan mengurangi emisi CH4 yang signifikan dari 4,9 Gg/tahun menjadi 1,5 Gg/tahun dan mengurangi emisi CO2 dari 237205,5 MTCO2E/tahun menjadi -48167,5 MTCO2E/tahun. Daur ulang sampah sayuran dan makanan pada scenario 3 mampu mengurangi emisi CH4 yang cukup besar sehingga emisi CH4 menjadi 2,3 Gg/tahun dan emisi CO2 menjadi -245 MTCO2E/tahun.
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES ON SPORT PERFORMANCE OF MALE UNIVERSITY CHAMPION-HANDBALLERS IN WEST AFRICA (NIGERIA)
Authors: Tosho Surajudeen
Published: March 2021

This study focused on the effects of anthropometric variables on male handball champions in West Africa. An ex-post facto research design was adopted. The population of all male handball players in the West African University Games (University of Ilorin; University of Ghana and University of Abomey-Calavi) were participants in the study. Two research instruments were adopted in this study this includes measuring tape and a standard handball court. Census sampling technique was used to select all 37 players available during the contest. Census method is the method of statistical enumeration where all members of the population are studied . These players composed of (Wrist (cm) 18.88, Chest (cm) 17.78, mid-thigh(cm) 18.35, Wrist (cm) 91.96, Chest (cm) 95.02, mid-thigh 89.83, Wrist (cm) 49.37, mid-thigh 55.04, Wrist (cm) 49.26).

 

To test a substantive difference between the groups determined at 0.05alpha significant levels, descriptive and inferential statistics for t test and ANOVA Scheffe post hoc, multiple comparison tests were adopted. The results of this study showed that men players had considerable differences in anthropometric measurements. As the men's players were significantly different in the handle circumference (f=4.624>3.32 (0.05) df36); chest circumference (f=.750<3.32(0.05) df36). Coaches were recommended to focus on these variables in selecting and coaching processes (Wrist circumference, Chest curvature, Thigh). This study also recommends that this profiling should be adopted in players’ selection and the development of sport specific programs.

Key words: Anthropometric, Performance, Wrist girth.
Laboratory characterization of Cor-Tuf Baseline and UHPC-S
Authors: Scott Dylan , Graham Steven , Songer Bradford , Green Brian , Grotke Michael , Brogdon Tony
Published: March 2021

This experimental effort is part of a larger program entitled Development of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Tools and Design Guidelines. This program operates in accordance with an agreement concerning combating terrorism research and development between the United States of America Department of Defense and the Republic of Singapore Ministry of Defence. The objective of the program is to develop a better understanding of the potential benefits that may be achieved from the application of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) materials for protective structures. The specific effort detailed in this report will provide insight into laboratory-scale mechanical properties of Cor-Tuf and a proprietary material termed UHPC-Singapore (UHPC-S).
El desarrollo teórico de la Geografía Económica en el siglo XXI: hacia la hibridación de los proyectos científicos de la disciplina
Authors: Sánchez Hernández José Luis
Published: March 2021

La Geografía Económica ha mostrado un notable dinamismo disciplinar durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Este dinamismo se ha traducido en una creciente interacción entre los tres proyectos científicos que han impulsado la disciplina desde sus orígenes a finales del siglo XIX: el proyecto ambiental, preocupado por la relación entre economía y Naturaleza; el proyecto locacional, que identifica los patrones de localización espacial de las actividades económicas y sus implicaciones para el desarrollo regional; y el proyecto estructural-contextual, atento a la interdependencia entre las estructuras globales de acumulación capitalista y la diversidad de trayectorias socioeconómicas locales. Esa interacción intradisciplinar está dando lugar a una Geografía Económica menos compartimentada en escuelas de pensamiento estancas y más híbrida en sus inquietudes y conceptos, como respuesta a la condición transversal de los problemas ambientales, económicos, sociales y políticos que desafían a la Humanidad. Esta hibridación, apoyada en la acreditada capacidad de la Geografía Económica para incorporar los avances teóricos de otras ramas del conocimiento, está muy relacionada con la penetración de los planteamientos ambientalistas en los proyectos locacional y estructural-contextual, tradicionalmente más atentos a los dimensiones espaciales y socio-territoriales del funcionamiento de la economía.
Altered gray-white matter boundary in toddlers at risk for autism relates to later diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Authors: Godel Michel , Andrews Derek Sayre , Amaral David Gil , Ozonoff Sally , Young Gregory S. , Lee Joshua K. , Nordahl Christine Wu , Schaer Marie
Published: March 2021

Background: Recent neuroimaging studies have highlighted differences in cerebral maturation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to typical development. For instance, the sharpness of the gray-white matter boundary is decreased in adults with ASD. To determine how the gray-white matter boundary integrity relates to early ASD phenotypes, we used a regional structural MRI index called the gray-white matter contrast (GWC) on a sample of toddlers with a hereditary high risk for ASD. Methods: We used a surface-based approach to compute vertex-wise GWC in a longitudinal cohort of toddlers at high-risk for ASD imaged twice between 12 and 24 months (n=20). A full clinical assessment of ASD-related symptoms was performed in conjunction with imaging and again at three years of age for diagnostic outcome. Three outcome groups were defined (ASD, n=9; typical development, n=8; non-typical development, n=3).Results: ASD diagnostic outcome at age 3 was associated with widespread increases in GWC between age 12 and 24 months. Many cortical regions were affected, including regions implicated in social processing and language acquisition. In parallel, we found that early onset of ASD symptoms (i.e. prior to 18-months) was specifically associated with slower GWC rates of change during the second year of life. These alterations were found in areas mainly belonging to the central executive network.Limitations: Our study is the first to measure maturational changes in GWC in toddlers who developed autism, but the limited size of our sample characterizes its exploratory nature and warrants further replication in independent and larger samples. Conclusion: These results suggest that ASD is linked to early alterations of the gray-white matter boundary in widespread areas. Early onset of symptoms constitutes an independent clinical parameter associated with a specific corresponding neurobiological developmental trajectory. Altered neural migration and/or altered myelination processes potentially explain these findings.
Green coffee extract attenuates Parkinson’s-related behaviors in animal models
Authors: Molska Graziella , Paula-Freire Lyvia Izaura , Sakalem Marna , Köhn Daniele , Negri Giuseppina , Carlini Elisaldo , Mendes Fúlvio
Published: March 2021

Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between coffee consumption and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine and green (non-roasted) coffee extract in experimental models of PD. The effects of the oral treatment with green coffee extracts (CE, Coffea arabica 100 or 400 mg/kg) and caffeine (31.2 mg/kg) were evaluated on catalepsy induced by haloperidol in mice, and unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or striatum in rats. Also, the in vitro antioxidant activity and the monoamine levels in the striatum were investigated. CE presented a mild antioxidant activity in vitro and its administration decreased the catalepsy index. CE at the dose of 400 mg/kg induced ipsilateral rotations 14 days after the lesion; however, chronic 30-day CE and caffeine treatments did not interfere with the animals’ rotation after apomorphine or methamphetamine challenges in animals with MFB lesion, nor on monoamines levels. Furthermore, CE and caffeine were effective in inhibiting the asymmetry between ipsilateral and contralateral rotations induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in animals with lesion in the striatum but did not avoid the monoamines depletion. These results suggest a pro-dopaminergic action of CE, although its mechanism remains unclear.
p16 Expression Represses DNA Damage Repair via a Novel Ubiquitin-Dependent Signaling Cascade.
Authors: Molkentine David , Molkentine Jessica M. , Bridges Kathleen A. , Sheth Aakash , Valdecanas David R , Bahri Rishi , Hefner Andrew J. , Kumar Manish , Yang Liang , Abdelhakiem Mohamed , Pifer Phillip M. , Sandulache Vlad C. , Beadle Beth M. , Thames Howard D. , Mason Kathryn A. , Pickering Curtis R. , Meyn Raymond E. , Skinner Heath D.
Published: March 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) is more sensitive to DNA-damaging therapies, such as radiation, than its HPV-negative counterpart. Here we show that p16, the clinically utilized surrogate for HPV positivity, renders cells more sensitive to radiation via a ubiquitin-dependent signaling pathway, linking high levels of this protein to increased activity of the transcription factor SP1, increased HUWE1 transcription and degradation of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Activation of this pathway in HPV-positive disease leads to an absence of TRIP12, decreased DNA damage repair as well as improved clinical outcomes. Conversely, repression of this pathway in HPV-negative disease is druggable via USP7 inhibitors under clinical development, resulting in potentiation of radiation response. Our findings may lead to improved outcomes for patients with HPV-negative radioresistant tumors, while allowing decreased intensity of therapy for patients with HPV-positive tumors.
NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Saresella Marina , Trabattoni Daria , Marventano Ivana , Piancone Federica , Rosa Francesca La , Caronni Antonio , Lax Agata , Bianchi Luca , Banfi Paolo , Navarro Jorge , Bolognesi Elisabetta , Zanzottera Milena , Guerini Franca Rosa , Clerici Mario
Published: March 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Whereas in most cases COVID-19 is asymptomatic or pauci symptomatic, extremely severe clinical forms are observed. In this case complex immune dysregulations and an excessive inflammatory response are observed and are the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural Killer cells are key players in the control of viral infection and their activity is regulated by a tight balance between activating and inhibitory receptors; an alteration of NK activity was suggested to be associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. In this study we analyzed peripheral NK cell subpopulations and the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors in 30 in-patients suffering from chronic neurological conditions who recovered from mild, moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing the results to those of 10 SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients. Results showed that an expansion of NK subset with lower cytolytic activity and an augmented expression of the 2DL1 inhibitory receptor, particularly when in association with the C2 ligand (KIR2DL1-C2), characterized the immunological scenario of severe COVID-19 infection; an increase of NK expressing the ILT2 inhibitory receptor was instead seen in patients recovering from mild or moderate infection compared to controls. Results herein suggest that the KIR2DL1-C2 NK inhibitory complex is a risk factor toward the development of severe form of COVID-19. Our results confirm that a complex alteration of NK activity is present in COVID-19 infection and offer a molecular explanation for this observation.