bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and Predictors of Right Ventricular Functional Recovery in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Rischard Franz P. , Bernardo Roberto J. , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Kwon Deborah H. , Acharya Tushar , Park Margaret M. , Katrynuik Austin , Insel Michael , Kubba Saad , Badagliacca Roberto , Larive A. Brett , Naeije Robert , Garcia Joe G.N. , Beck Gerald J. , Erzurum Serpil C. , Frantz Robert P. , Hassoun Paul M. , Hemnes Anna R. , Hill Nicholas S. , Horn Evelyn M. , Leopold Jane A. , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Wilcox Jennifer D.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Normative changes in right ventricular (RV) structure and function have not been characterized in the context of treatment-associated functional recovery (RV functional recovery [RVFnRec]). The aim of this study is to assess the clinical relevance of a proposed RVFnRec definition.

Methods:

We evaluated 63 incident patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension by right heart catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing following treatment (≈11 months). Sex, age, ethnicity matched healthy control subjects (n=62) with 1-time cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and noninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing were recruited from the PVDOMICS (Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension through Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics) project. We examined therapeutic cardiac magnetic resonance imaging changes relative to the evidence-based peak oxygen consumption (VO
2peak
)>15 mL/(kg·min) to define RVFnRec by receiver operating curve analysis. Afterload was measured as mean pulmonary artery pressure, resistance, compliance, and elastance.

Results:

A drop in RV end-diastolic volume of −15 mL best defined RVFnRec (area under the curve, 0.87;
P
=0.0001) and neared upper 95% CI RV end-diastolic volume of controls. This cutoff was met by 22 out of 63 (35%) patients which was reinforced by freedom from clinical worsening, RVFnRec 1 out of 21 (5%) versus no RVFnRec 17 out of 42, 40% (log-rank
P
=0.006). A therapy-associated increase of 0.8 mL/mm Hg in compliance had the best predictive value of RVFnRec (area under the curve, 0.76; [95% CI, 0.64–0.88];
P
=0.001). RVFnRec patients had greater increases in stroke volume, and cardiac output at exercise.

Conclusions:

RVFnRec defined by RV end-diastolic volume therapeutic decrease of −15 mL predicts exercise capacity, freedom from clinical worsening, and nears normalization. A therapeutic improvement of compliance is superior to other measures of afterload in predicting RVFnRec. RVFnRec is also associated with increased RV output reserve at exercise.
Diversity of wood-decaying fungi in Zixishan area (Hengduan Mountains), Yunnan Province, China
Authors: ZHANG XIAOJIE , YUAN QI , SU JIANGQING , ZHAO CHANGLIN
Published: September 2023

Six field surveys were carried out in Zixishan area, Yunnan Province, China during 2016–2021, and 1407 specimens of wood-decaying fungi were collected. The paper summarizes the obtained results on the wood-decaying fungi of this area, consisting of 74 species belonging to 49 genera, 24 families and 7 orders. Polyporales is the dominant order (51.35% of the total species), and Hyphoderma, and Peniophorella are the dominant genera (Each accounted for 6.76% of the total) in this area. Their hosts and substrates were also identified and a checklist of wood-decaying fungi is provided. The taxa were identified by morphology and molecular evidence. The sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene region of the studied specimens were generated and the phylogenetic analyses were performed. Five new species were earlier described in Zixishan area viz. Hyphoderma fissuratum C.L. Zhao & X. Ma (2021: 37), H. microporoides C.L. Zhao & Q.X. Guan (2021: 9), H. tenuissimum C.L. Zhao & Q.X. Guan (2021: 153), Hyphodermella zixishanensis C.L. Zhao (2021: 4), and Phanerochaete pruinosa C.L. Zhao & D.Q. Wang (2021: 8). This work aimed to provide an updated checklist of wood-decaying fungi in Zixishan area, Yunnan Province, China, as well as to enrich the knowledge of the fungal diversity in China and worldwide.
The reinstatement of Rafflesia banaoana (Rafflesiaceae), and implications for assessing species diversity and conservation requirements of the world's largest flowers
Authors: TOBIAS ADRIANE B. , THOROGOOD CHRIS J. , JR. PASTOR L. MALABRIGO
Published: September 2023

The Southeast Asian genus Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) is famous for possessing the world's largest flowers. All species are rare or threatened, so understanding taxonomic diversity in the genus is crucial for informing effective conservation practice. Here we examine R. banaoana, a poorly known taxon from the remote montane rainforests of the Kalinga Province in the Philippines. This species has been treated as conspecific with R. leonardi, and overlooked in systematic studies. Using stable yet hitherto neglected features such as the stigmatic fascia surface, disk shape, process structure, annulus interior and exterior distinction, and ovary shape, we demonstrate that R. banaoana is morphologically as well as ecologically distinct from R. leonardi, and requires reinstatement at the specific rank. We present our findings in the broader context of complexity in the genus Rafflesia in the Philippines, now considered the center of diversity, with 15 species described to date. We highlight the taxonomically confused R. banaoana as a case for careful observation of previously unexamined morphological characters, as well as ecology, to avoid overlooking cryptic taxa or species complexes and to inform representative sampling in systematic treatments. Such an approach will be essential for enhancing our understanding of the diversity of this enigmatic yet poorly understood genus at a time of unprecedented anthropogenic change and species extinction. In light of our findings, we recommend a holistic approach to the conservation of Rafflesia in the Philippines.
Entoloma punjabensis sp. nov. of Rusticoides group from Chichawatni Forest, Pakistan
Authors: FATIMA NADIA , USMAN MUHAMMAD , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: September 2023

A new species of Entoloma is described from Punjab, Pakistan. Species description is based on morpho-anatomical characterization of basidiomata and molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S LSU region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Entoloma punjabensis sp. nov. is distinguished by light gray to dark brown smooth pileus with crenate margins, reddish to brown central depression, larger globose to subglobose basidiospores 8.5–13.4 × 7.2–11.5 µm and hyaline hyphae of pileipellis.
Mendoncia amabilis (Acanthaceae), a remarkable new species from the Amazon basin
Authors: SILVA FABIO ARAÚJO DA , KAMEYAMA CÍNTIA , BETANCUR JULIO , ZAPPI DANIELA C.
Published: September 2023

A new species, Mendoncia amabilis, is described from the Amazonia as part of an ongoing taxonomic revision of the genus for the Neotropical region. The new species was found from Colombian and Peruvian Amazonia, occurring at river margins below 100 m. It is easily recognized by its strigose petiole, leaf-blades sparsely strigose to glabrescent beneath, broad membranous bracteoles, hirsute calyx, and sericeous ovary. Taxonomic comments, illustrations and SEM images of vegetative and reproductive features, a distribution map, and a conservation assessment are provided.
An integrative taxonomy of the genus Stasimopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) of the Karoo with the description of nine new species and a Stasimopus maraisi Hewitt 1914 male
Authors: BRANDT SHANNON , SOLE CATHERINE , LYLE ROBIN
Published: September 2023

The genus Stasimopus Simon 1892 is endemic to Southern Africa, but is historically largely understudied. This paper provides a taxonomic revision for the Stasimopus species of the Karoo region of South Africa and includes the description of nine new species (S. dylani sp. nov., S. finni sp. nov., S. hamartia sp. nov., S. ignis sp. nov., S. karooensis sp. nov., S. malesociatus sp. nov., S. tera sp. nov., S. theaei sp. nov. and S. venterstadensis sp. nov.). A description of the genetically matched S. maraisi Hewitt 1914 male is provided. The original S. maraisi male is designated to its own new species (S. malesociatus sp. nov.). An identification key is provided for species occurring in the Karoo region. This is the first integrative taxonomy for the genus that includes morphological, geometric morphometric as well as genetic data.
A Study on Dynamics of Food Inflation in India
Authors: Anwar Razique , Guha Atulan
Published: September 2023

The role of food prices is vital for people living in low- and middle-income countries like India as they spend a high share of their income on food items. As the earlier literature suggests, there can be interlinkages between food prices, non-food prices and rural wages. Therefore, this study’s first objective was to empirically test the relationship between (1) food prices and non-food prices based on consumer price index (CPI). The second objective of the study was to test the relationship between (2) food prices based on both CPI and WPI (wholesale price index) and rural wages (agricultural and non-agricultural wages). The time series econometric technique for monthly data available from January 2015 to March 2020 is used to arrive at the findings. The study found no long-run relationship between food and non-food prices. Also, no long-run or short-run relationship is found between food prices and rural wages. However, the impulse response function graphs suggest that food prices and non-food prices are affected by their own lagged prices, and short-run transmission runs from non-food prices to food prices in opposite directions in both urban and rural areas of India. Since we find that food prices are affected by their own lagged prices and non-food prices in the short-run only, the interest rate policy of RBI, which is supposed to influence the prices of non-food sectors faster, has limited capacity to influence the prices of food sectors in the long-run.

JEL Codes: E4, E6, 02
Changes in mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexican youth: Insights from the Voces-19 study
Authors: Bojórquez-Chapela Ietza , López-Lalinde Lina , Regules-García Ricardo , Vieitez-Martínez Isabel
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Previous research suggests that the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were stronger during the first months of it. It has also been proposed that those impacts depended on gender and other social determinants.

AIMS:

We aim to describe the change in prevalence of mental health problems (symptoms of common mental disorders [CMD], alcohol, and drug use) between two time periods during the pandemic, and the association of mental health problems with social determinants, in adolescents and young adults in Mexico.

METHODS:

We conducted a repeated cross-section analysis of data from VoCes-19, an online survey in November 2020 to February 2021 and November 2021 to March 2022 (combined n = ×224,099). We assessed the change in the prevalence of mental health problems, the differences in prevalence and change in the prevalence by gender, and the association of social determinants and pandemic-related variables with mental health problems, by means of multivariate regression models.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of CMD decreased (46.0% vs. 42.4%), while the prevalence of alcohol (frequent use 8.4% vs. 10.3%) and drug use (4.6% vs. 7.7%) increased. The three conditions increased more among girls/young women and trans/queer/non-binary participants than among boys/young men.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results point to the importance of considering the gendered social context of young people. A better understanding of the social circumstances that relate with mental health is required to inform interventions for these age groups.
The state of eco-social work training in Canada: Transformative praxis for climate constrained futures
Authors: Smith-Carrier Tracy , MacArthur Julie
Published: September 2023

As climate disasters increase, social workers will increasingly be called upon to help communities with the related dislocations, eco-anxieties, and social transformations. This article explores the extent to which Canadian social work schools are preparing social workers to advance socio-ecological justice. It examines the coursework in these programmes as new standards come into effect in 2023. We consider radical, eco-social, feminist and Indigenous pedagogies, and focus on how experiential learning and transformative hope can address the manifold systemic challenges we now face. Rather than bolting eco-education onto existing programming, radical perspectives and transformative praxis must be embedded into social work.
State violence and participation in transitional justice: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Voytas Elsa , Crisman Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Can the legacy of state violence undermine participation in transitional justice services designed to consolidate peace after conflict? We argue that, in the aftermath of armed fighting, state-perpetrated violence leads to reduced uptake of government reconciliation policies. We leverage spatial and temporal variation in levels of civilian victimization by perpetrator and find that, in contrast to violence committed by non-state groups, violence carried out by state forces against civilians is associated with lower levels of enlistment in Colombia’s state-run victims’ registry. We replicate this relationship using survey data and present evidence linking victimization by the state to lower levels of trust in the government overall. Together, our analyses demonstrate that disaggregating the identity of armed actors can provide significant theoretical and empirical advances in our understanding of peacemaking and post-conflict reconstruction. In the Colombian case, the legacy of state violence leads to the systematic exclusion of certain types of victims from transitional justice and undermines trust in the institutions responsible for building durable pathways to peace. Consequently, our findings have implications for the design of transitional justice policies, the study of the legacies of conflict on political and social outcomes, and processes of post-conflict peacebuilding.
Features of fatal pesticide ingestion in South Australia
Authors: Stephenson Lilli , Van Den Heuvel Corinna , Humphries Melissa , Nash Christine , Byard Roger W.
Published: September 2023

Pesticides are used to kill, repel or control any animal or plant species which are considered pests, but have also been associated with intentional and unintentional human fatalities. A rapid increase in pesticide suicides was observed during ‘The Green Revolution’ after pesticides were introduced into low- and middle-income rural households without appropriate guidelines for safe use and storage. While national pesticide bans have contributed to a significant decrease in pesticide-related suicides, such cases still comprise a large proportion of all suicides around the world. The aim of the current study was to provide a profile of pesticide suicides in a high-income country as a point of comparison against studies from low- and middle-income countries. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3). Over the 20-year study period, there were a low, yet consistent number of pesticide suicides which were most common among males over the age of 40. Paraquat and methomyl pesticides collectively contributed to almost half (48.8%) of all fatalities. Consistent with the literature, such cases often occurred with little premeditation in response to an acute emotional crisis. While interpretation of autopsy findings was mostly limited, there were some pesticides that demonstrated findings consisted with previously reported characteristics (e.g., gastroesophageal erosions with paraquat). Given the high proportion of cases where paraquat and methomyl pesticides were implicated, it may be appropriate to review the availability and accessibility of such compounds to reduce the occurrence of pesticide suicides in South Australia and potentially the wider Australian population.
Moving Toward More Inclusive Government Communication in an Era of Superdiversity
Authors: Belabas Warda
Published: September 2023

Going beyond the practical obstacles of and facilitators for inclusive government communication, this study stresses the underlying tension between democratic and bureaucratic values in administrative structures and its implication for inclusive communication. The clash between on the one hand efficiency, market-driven patterns, and impartiality and on the other hand individual rights, advocating equal rights and social justice shows that in coming to terms with the reality of superdiverse societies governments need to reconcile these values on the level of actual decision-making and behavior by public communication practitioners.
Influence of “Primary Groups” on New Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Africa
Authors: Zhou Wei , Raja Rameez , Wen Guozhu
Published: September 2023

The study refers to “Primary Groups” of new Chinese entrepreneurs who immigrated to Africa in the 1980s to start entrepreneurial activities. Through in-depth interviews with 30 Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in five African countries, including Cameroon, Tanzania, Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa, the findings revealed that “Primary Groups” played a vital role in facilitating the integration of new Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs into the local African environment. In addition, “Primary Groups” provided valuable transnational and ethnic resources that aided the entrepreneurs in launching their businesses successfully. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge that an overly strong attachment of new Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs to their Primary Group can pose additional obstacles to entrepreneurial development in the host countries. The concept of the Primary Group provides a novel perspective on immigrant entrepreneurship research that can enhance our understanding of South–South dynamics and optimize new Chinese immigrants’ entrepreneurship in Africa.
Fanconi syndrome induced by the long-term use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Jiayi , Zang Xiu , Heng Hao , Liu Xuekui , Geng Houfa , Liang Jun
Published: September 2023

We present the case of a woman of 50 years of age who experienced widespread bone pain along with digestive symptoms, including nausea and vomiting. She had been prescribed tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) tablets for the treatment of hepatitis B. Laboratory testing revealed low circulating phosphorus and potassium concentrations and acidosis. A whole-body bone scan revealed abnormal bone metabolism. Rheumatologic and urologic conditions were ruled out, and therefore TDF-induced Fanconi syndrome (FS) and related bone pain was diagnosed. After the TDF was discontinued, the patient’s symptoms and laboratory indices significantly improved. In this manuscript, we highlight the clinical manifestations of and laboratory test results associated with FS and summarize the cases of TDF-induced FS reported on PubMed between 2013 and 2022 to improve understanding of FS.
Phrenic nerve block combined with stellate ganglion block for postoperative intractable hiccups: a case report
Authors: Zhong Yubin , Deng Jingjing , Wang Liyu , Zhang Yuenong
Published: September 2023

Postoperative intractable hiccups slow patient recovery and generate multiple adverse effects, highlighting the importance of investigating the pathogenesis and terminating the hiccups in a timely manner. At present, medical and physical therapies account for the main treatments. We encountered a case in which postoperative intractable hiccups after biliary T-tube drainage removal ceased with the application of an ultrasound-guided block of the unilateral phrenic nerve and stellate ganglion. No complications developed, and the therapeutic effect was remarkable. To our knowledge, this approach has not been reported to date. Simultaneously blocking the phrenic nerve and stellate ganglion may be a treatment option for intractable hiccups.
Face inversion effect on perceived cuteness of infant faces
Authors: Kuraguchi Kana , Nittono Hiroshi
Published: September 2023

Research has demonstrated that attractiveness evaluations of adult faces were less accurate when faces were inverted than upright. It remains unknown, however, whether a similar effect applies to perceived cuteness of infants, which is assumed to be based on elemental facial features called the “baby schema.” In this research, we studied the face inversion effect on perceived cuteness of infant faces in a rating task and a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task. We also examined beauty as a control dimension. Although the rating task revealed no inversion effect, the 2AFC task showed poorer discrimination performance with inverted faces than with upright faces in both evaluations. These results indicate that infant cuteness and beauty dimensions are correlated well with each other, and their perception not only relies on elemental features that are not strongly affected by inversion but is also affected by holistic facial configurations when a detailed comparison is required.
The village bank of a Lisu community: Indigenous belief, economic practices, and environmental conservation in Southwest China
Authors: Wu Yi , Cheng Xiaofeng
Published: September 2023

Using the rotating credit association created by a Lisu village, called the “village bank,” this study explores the social forces that have shaped, limited, or activated the ethnic community’s local environmental agency in southwest China. We argue that while the inherited elements of the Lisu indigenous beliefs could help local communities meet the ecological needs of our time, offering different ethics and perspectives to challenge the pursuit of material abundance based on extractive economic modes, the Lisu’s social and economic behavior is not solely determined by their religious beliefs. In the post-Mao economic reform era, village banks have become a fresh way through which Lisu villages activated their environmental agency, trying to achieve a balance between environmental protection and poverty reduction. Lisu’s “ambivalent” stance on environmental protection reflects the interactions between state-orchestrated development, NGOs, and the tension between maintaining tradition and reducing poverty.
Rising Up, Pushing Forward: Standing Our Ground in the Face of Injustice
Authors: Watson Laurel B. , Hargons Candice N. , Mollen Debra
Published: September 2023

At the one-year mark since the overturning of Roe v. Wade, there is an urgent, vital need for feminist scholarship that addresses the ways structural stigma and oppressive policy affect diverse groups of women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB). Accordingly, in this introduction to the special issue of Psychology of Women Quarterly, we provide a historical overview and timeline of reproductive rights and (in)justice in the United States in order to illustrate how we have arrived at this perilous moment in history. Reproductive (in)justice exacerbates inequities regarding who has been encouraged to reproduce, who has been denied reproductive autonomy, and who has been required to reproduce and refused the right to parent their children in safe environments. Accordingly, we aver the importance of centering an intersectional and reproductive justice framework in understanding how coalescing forms of oppression (e.g., racism, capitalism, sexism, ableism) circumscribe reproductive autonomy. We begin the special issue with articles that examine how social policy and structural oppression have violated women's and people AFAB reproductive healthcare, followed by articles that examine how such policy and oppression affect women's reproductive decision-making. We conclude this special issue with an article that centers reproductive justice advocacy in the ongoing fight for reproductive rights and bodily autonomy.
Fringers: Women in Fishery in Trieste’s Maritime District, 1885–1923
Authors: Mezzoli Erica
Published: September 2023

This article aims to highlight the characteristics of women’s labour participation in fisheries in the communities of the maritime periphery of the city port of Trieste. In the period in question, Trieste’s Maritime District was a strip of shoreline that extended from Grado (present-day Italy) to Savudrija (now Croatia). Apart from a few relevant cases, it had hardly been touched by the capitalist system of production. In this context, fisheries sometimes represented a significant source of wealth and employment for the populations of the local maritime communities. The women involved in fisheries were mainly factory labourers, fishmongers and owners of fishing boats. Their marginality (or marginalities) can be understood as ‘structural’ and a ‘social role’, and was articulated on different levels. Nevertheless, it seems necessary to go beyond the mere recognition of their liminality and, more generally, the traditional binarism characterizing gender studies in maritime contexts.
Insight into classifications and manufacturing processes of metallic foams: A review
Authors: Srivastava Shashank Kumar , Gupta Gaurav Kumar , Joshi Tilak Chandra , Rajak Dipen Kumar , Sanskrita Shruti K J , Mondal Dehipada , Srivastava Avanish Kumar
Published: September 2023

Metal foam (MF) is a cellular structure made up of solid metal with a substantial volume of gas-filled pores or hollow reinforcements of the space holder. The porosity of the foam can be isolated, interconnected, or hybrid. These kinds of ultra-light materials typically have 60% to 90% porosity. Based on the porosity content MFs are classified into open, closed, partially open, and syntactic foams. However, foam made from non-flammable metal continues to be non-flammable and can be recycled as base metal. It has a similar coefficient of thermal expansion, while thermal conductivity is drastically reduced. MF has vast applications due to its superior properties, including excellent specific strength, high specific stiffness, extraordinary energy absorption capacity, good vibration damping, and premium sound attenuation capability, especially in foams with isolated or hybrid porosity. At the same time, foams with interconnected porosity have superior heat transfer capability, reasonable electromagnetic shielding, infiltration, and catalytic capability. Despite the current development, several challenges still prevent metallic foams from being commonly utilised in various industrial sectors. These challenges include high manufacturing costs, uncertainty in measured properties, and the lack of proper testing procedures. This article summarises manufacturing routes, associated processing features, and future roadmap with the present state of the art.
Finite element analysis of the effect of porosity on biomechanical behaviour of functionally graded dental implant
Authors: Elleuch Sameh , Jrad Hanen , Wali Mondher , Dammak Fakhreddine
Published: September 2023

The disparity between the bone's and the dental implant's stiffness generates problems for patients, such as implant failure, bone resorption and patient discomfort. The idea of functionally graded materials (FGM) is inspired by biological structures since variations within bones exhibit a functional gradation trend. Consequently, using FGM improves biocompatibility, fracture toughness and wear resistance. Furthermore, a porous FGM implant was proposed to reduce stress shielding and enhance bone ingrowth qualities. In the present work, a three-dimensional finite element is proposed to explore the effects of porous FGM dental implant on the stress distribution around the bone and the dental implant interface. ABAQUS software's UMAT subroutines serve as tools in this study to specify material properties along with dental implant coordinates of points. A parametric analysis is carried out to emphasize the impact of material characteristics, volume fraction index and porosity distribution on stress transmission on the dental implant and surrounding bones. The research provided strong evidence that dental implants composed of porous FGM have the potential to achieve early stabilization compared to traditional implants made solely of pure titanium. The graded design of the FGM implants promotes better adhesion between the implant, surrounding bone and abutment, leading to a reduction in micromotions and an enhancement of the implant's primary stability. Owing to a lack of comparable findings in the specialist literature, this work is expected to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art of FGM implants and give pertinent results that could be useful to dental implant design.
Performance evaluation of interfacial characteristics between cold metal transfer-wire arc additive manufactured SS308LSi and wrought SS304L with controlled and uncontrolled interlayer temperature
Authors: Koppu Anand Kumar , Motwani Amit , Lautre Nitin Kumar , Bhishnurkar Ankush D
Published: September 2023

The present work investigates the mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of the interface between the cold metal transfer (CMT)-wire arc additive manufactured (WAAM) SS308LSi and wrought SS304L via controlled interlayer temperature (CIT) of 100–120°C and uncontrolled interlayer temperature (UIT). The thermal cycles on the substrate were recorded using K-type thermocouples and correlated with the mechanical and microstructure properties of deposited walls. Microstructure analysis of the interface cross-section revealed a defect-free interfacial bond with a columnar solidification structure with slightly coarser grains under UIT deposition compared to CIT deposition. The microhardness of wrought SS304L is in the range of 196  ±  9 HV, while that of UIT and CIT deposited 308LSi is 178.4  ±  7.02 HV and 183.4  ±  6 HV, respectively, with no aberrant hardness values at the interface. Tensile tests were performed on the wrought SS304L and WAAM SS308LSi transverse to their interface. The results revealed that interface strength is higher than that of WAAM deposits and failed with average ultimate tensile strengths of 589.1 and 580.9 MPa under CIT and UIT depositions, respectively. This work reveals that CMT-WAAM can produce high-quality interfacial bonding between WAAM SS308LSi and wrought SS304L.
The recalibration and redevelopment of a model to calculate patients’ probability of completing a colonoscopy following an abnormal fecal test
Authors: Petrik Amanda F , Johnson Eric S , Slaughter Matthew , Leo Michael C , Thompson Jamie , Mummadi Rajasekhara R , Jimenez Ricardo , Hussain Syed Akmal , Coronado Gloria
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an effective screening tool for colorectal cancer. If an FIT is abnormal, a follow-up colonoscopy is necessary to remove polyps or find cancers. We sought to develop a usable risk prediction model to identify patients unlikely to complete a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test.

Methods

We recalibrated and then redeveloped a prediction model in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), using a retrospective cohort of patients aged 50–75 with an abnormal FIT test and clinical data. Logistic and Cox regressions were used to recalibrate and then redevelop the model.

Results

The initial risk model used data from eight FQHCs (26 clinics) including 1723 patients. When we applied the model to a single large FQHC (34 clinics, 884 eligible patients), the model did not recalibrate successfully (c-statistic dropped more than 0.05, from 0.66 to 0.61). The model was redeveloped in the same FQHC in a cohort of 1401 patients with a c-statistic of 0.65.

Conclusions

The original model developed in a group of FQHCs did not adequately recalibrate in the single large FQHC. Health system, patient characteristics or data differences may have led to the inability to recalibrate the model. However, the redeveloped model provides an adequate model for the single FQHC.
Perceptions of Faculty Work Abroad: Lived Experiences in Korean Higher Education
Authors: Ghazarian Peter G. , Tait Andrew , Robinson Jay , Kobyakova Uliana
Published: September 2023

Internationalization has become a priority at many higher education institutions. The larger presence of international students and faculty on campus has occurred at a time when societies around the world are increasingly racially, religiously, ethnically, and culturally diverse. Changing demands require flexibility and understanding among faculty members to alter instruction according to the diverse needs of their learners and open themselves to ontological alterity. This phenomenological study examines international faculty members’ perceptions of their teaching and professional identities at ten Korean institutions of higher education. Qualitative content analysis was conducted using an analytical framework approach. The results reveal mixed satisfaction with the role of instructor, uncertainty about the degree of change in their instruction, and sharply contrasting experiences with host institutions that revealed barriers to the healthy development of a professional identity among many international faculty members.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of School Nursing in One Large Urban School District
Authors: Ohneck Mallory C. , Dake Joseph A. , Maughan Erin D. , Telljohann Susan K. , Glassman Tavis
Published: September 2023

This study is a cost-benefit analysis examining an urban district's partial school nurse coverage conversion to full-time coverage. Through a partnership with a health care system, the district received funding, resulting in the hiring of full-time nurses to cover all K-8 elementary schools. Researchers compared the cost of nursing services to the savings in teacher, secretary, principal, and parent productivity, reduced medical procedure costs, and grants nurses managed. The year before implementing additional nurses, the return on investment (ROI) to the community for nursing services was calculated to be $1.59 for every dollar invested in schools with full-time coverage and $1.29 for schools with partial coverage. After implementing full-time nurses in each school, there was an ROI of $1.50 during the 2015–2016 school year, $1.64 for 2016–2017, and $1.67 for 2017–2018. The analysis provides evidence that full-time coverage could result in a positive ROI for schools and the community.
The Use of Chemical Control Within Coercive Controlling Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse
Authors: Walker Sarah-Jane , Hester Marianne , McCarthy Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the use of chemical control by perpetrators as part of coercive controlling intimate partner violence and abuse, defined as the nonconsenting use of prescribed and nonprescribed medication (including vaccines), and/or other substances to coerce or control, reducing the victim-survivor's capacity for independence, freedom, and health. Based on testimonies of 37 victims-survivors and nine domestic abuse practitioners in the UK we identify varying tactics used to chemically coerce and control, deepening our understanding about the continually changing forms of domestic violence and abuse and enhancing the potential for a more robust response through better informed policy and practice.
Effect of cam resection depth on clinical outcomes after primary hip arthroscopy
Authors: Acar Emre , Hapa Onur , Gürsan Onur , Balcı Ali , Aydemir Selahaddin , Mukat Alaa , Ağca Selahattin , Çeltik Mustafa , Gedik Gökay
Published: September 2023

Background:

The amount of resection or the starting point of the resection on the femoral head for cam lesions in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is controversial.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of postoperative resection depth, and resection arc ratio of cam lesion on the frequency of achieving substantial clinical benefit (SCB), patient acceptable state (PASS) in modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and Hip Outcome Score Activity of Daily Living (HOSADL), 2 years postoperatively.

Patients and methods:

All patients who underwent first-time hip arthroscopy for FAI with a 2-year follow-up were included in this study. Patient-reported outcomes included the mHHS, HOSADL, and visual analogue scale for pain (Pain VAS). Radiological parameters such as alpha angletraditional (αT), alpha anglecartilage (αC), resection arc ratio (% alpha anglecartilage-alpha angletraditional/360°), resection depth (‘’D’’mm) and resection depth ratio ‘D%’ (D/femoral head diameter %) were measured using the 45° Dunn view.

Results:

We identified 26 patients (27 hips) with 2-year follow-up. There were 10 female and 16 male patients. The mean age of the patients was 33 ± 12 years. Higher frequency of achieving SCB threshold for mHHS was related to labrum repair (73% vs. debridement ‘27%’ p = 0.03), lower preoperative αT (64° vs. 76°, p = 0.04), lower preoperative mHHS (54 vs. 81, p < 0.001) and higher preoperative VAS scores (8 vs. 7, p = 0.02). Higher frequency of reaching PASS threshold for mHHS was associated with lower αC (82°vs. 92° p:0.02), lower RA (8% vs. 11%, p = 0.03), lower D (2.8 mm vs. 4.5 mm p:0.03), lower D% (4.7% vs. 8.4% p = 0.04) and higher postoperative mHHS (97 vs. 82 p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

A higher frequency of achieving SCB for HOSADL was related to lower D% (5% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.04). Cam resection depth affects the frequency of achieving clinically meaningful scores and resection depth less than 6% of the femoral head diameter seems to be appropriate for optimal results. The starting point of resection on head cartilage needs to be <90° when alpha angle is used for reference.
Māori preferences and practices in systemic health and social service collaborative practice
Authors: McLachlan (Ngāti Apa, Muaūpoko) Andre , Pitama (Ngāti Kahungunu) Suzanne , Adamson Simon J
Published: September 2023

In the field of mental health and addictions, there is a lack of research that acknowledges or considers Indigenous needs, preferences, and approaches to the design, development and maintenance of collaborative health and social initiatives in rural communities. This study presents a Kaupapa Māori (Indigenous Māori research approach) qualitative case study in a small rural community. The study focused on three groups involved within service collaboration. These included 10 individuals who were identified as Indigenous community leaders; 10 individuals experiencing substance use and related problems; 12 family members; and two focus groups involving 21 health and social service practitioners working within this community. The study findings present a dynamic whānau (families) and rural community-centred model of collaboration. This model reflects a continuum of collaboration that incorporates service users, their whānau, and culture as core components. The key barriers and enablers to collaboration across the continuum are discussed.
Resocialization, gender and the Global South: A critical analysis of the concept through women's experiences in prisons in Peru
Authors: Bracco Bruce Lucia
Published: September 2023

In this article, I critically assess the concept of resocialization through discussions with women in Santa Monica Prison, the largest women's prison in Peru in 2018 and with former women prisoners in 2021. Alongside the formal, institutional gendered and classed forms and ideas of resocialization imposed by the prison, the women themselves innovate and develop new, collective and individual pathways to change. While few entirely disrupt the traditional, gendered norms and penal expectations, in their everyday experiences and collective activities, women seek, and sometimes manage to free themselves from patriarchal mandates.
Authenticity and recognition: Theorising antiracist becomings and allyship in the time of COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter
Authors: Mullard Jordan CR
Published: September 2023

The confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the murder of George Floyd in America and a global Black Lives Matter response triggered anew the global struggle for racial justice. Using cyber, remote, and in-person ethnographic methods, this paper explores racial identity, allyship and processes of becoming during the spring and summer of 2020. Building on theories of ‘the struggle for recognition’, I situate becoming within the interplay of what I call epistemic, affective and reciprocal authenticity. Within this project, I address identity, redistribution and the reconfiguration of conceptual distinctions between justice and dignity. The analysis reflects a time of racial tension in a provincial Northeastern town in England, UK – a predominantly white and marginalised location. I amplify the personal testimonies, conversations and written words of three quite different activists to highlight the nuanced refractions of lived experience and a developing antiracism. These collaborators reveal how their antiracist becomings, in the light of 2020 events, incorporate affective, epistemic and reciprocal authenticities that bring to the fore new potentialities for racial justice, white allyship and recognition.
Prehistory of journalism studies: Discovering the Brazilian tradition
Authors: Daros Otávio
Published: September 2023

Aiming to broaden and diversify knowledge about the origins of journalism studies, this article proposes a longitudinal examination of research on the press and journalists produced in Brazil, from the 1840s to the 1940s. It is shown that the first intellectuals interested in investigating the subject were doctors, engineers, jurists and theologians, as well as self-taught. Instead of simply classifying the production of this dilettante group under the label of “Whig history,” the study intends to understand the meaning and role that they, in common, attributed to journalism: the beacon of a young nation in progress. The analysis of the set of historical accounts identifies an approach that is at the same time liberal — as it frames absolutist Portugal as the main obstacle to the introduction of the press in Colonial Brazil — and nativist — as it overestimates the development of Brazilian journalism during the period of the Empire, equating it with the British and French cases. Ultimately, these reactions to colonial powers could be seen as early impulses to current efforts to decolonize the field.
Are Scientific Memes Motivating and Does Public Sharing Affect Motivation?
Authors: Clinton-Lisell Virginia , Kelly Alison E.
Published: September 2023

In recent years, renewable assignments, or student creations that have value outside of a course, have received considerable attention. However, there is little theoretically grounded inquiry into students’ motivation for renewable assignments such as scientific memes. Moreover, it is unknown how public sharing of renewable assignments affects students’ perceived value and learning from coursework. In addition, public sharing could logically affect students’ pride and anxiety related to the renewable assignment, but this lacks empirical testing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of public sharing of renewable assignments on students’ perceived value, learning, pride, and anxiety relevant to the assignment. Across five courses, students ( N = 102) were randomly assigned to have their scientific memes publicly shared or only shared within the course. Overall, scientific memes were generally considered as high in inherent interest and enjoyableness, moderate in usefulness, and low in levels of anxiety and emotional cost. Students whose scientific memes were publicly shared reported higher levels of perceived learning. There were no reliable differences in perceived value, pride, or anxiety due to public sharing. Overall, instructors may use these findings to inform the use of renewable assignments such as scientific memes in their courses.
All Hearts and Minds on Deck: Hope Motivates Climate Action by Linking the Present and the Future
Authors: Weber Elke U. , Constantino Sara M.
Published: September 2023

Emotions shape judgments and decisions, including actions in response to climate change. Despite growing interest in the cognitive, social, and political determinants of climate (in)action, the role of emotions has received limited attention. This review discusses the role of hope in climate action. While many emotional states are oriented to the past or present, hope offers a positive vision of the future. In exploratory analyses of a nationally representative survey of US residents, we identify the most important predictors of hope, climate action, and policy support from a large set of potential variables. We find suggestive evidence that hope, a construct comprised of cognitive, emotional, and contextual factors, is an important motivator of future-oriented action.
Lipid profile with eslicarbazepine acetate and carbamazepine monotherapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed focal seizures: post hoc analysis of a phase III trial and open-label extension study
Authors: Trinka Eugen , Rocamora Rodrigo , Chaves João , Koepp Mathias J. , Rüegg Stephan , Holtkamp Martin , Moreira Joana , Fonseca Miguel M. , Castilla-Fernández Guillermo , Ikedo Fábio
Published: September 2023

Background:

Antiseizure medications can have negative effects on plasma lipid levels.

Objectives:

To evaluate plasma lipid changes in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy treated with eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) or controlled-release carbamazepine (CBZ-CR) monotherapy during a phase III, randomized, double-blind (DB) trial and 2 years of ESL treatment in an open-label extension (OLE).

Design:

Post hoc analysis of a phase III trial and OLE study.

Methods:

Proportions of patients with elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were assessed at DB baseline, OLE baseline (last visit of DB trial), and end of OLE.

Results:

A total of 184 patients received ESL monotherapy during the OLE: 96 received ESL monotherapy in the DB trial and 88 patients received CBZ-CR monotherapy. The proportions of patients with elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol increased significantly during the DB trial in those treated with CBZ-CR monotherapy [total cholesterol, +14.9% ( p < 0.001); LDL cholesterol, +11.5% ( p = 0.012)] but decreased significantly after switching to ESL monotherapy in the OLE [total cholesterol, −15.3% ( p = 0.008); LDL cholesterol, −11.1% ( p = 0.021)]. No significant changes were observed in those treated with ESL monotherapy during the DB trial and OLE. At the end of the DB trial, between-group differences (ESL–CBZ-CR) in the proportions of patients with elevated total and LDL cholesterol were −13.6% ( p = 0.037) and −12.3% ( p = 0.061), respectively; at the end of the OLE, these between-group differences were −6.0% ( p = 0.360) and −0.6% ( p = 1.000), respectively.

Conclusion:

A lower proportion of patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy had increased levels of total and LDL cholesterol, compared to baseline, following monotherapy with ESL versus CBZ-CR; after switching from CBZ-CR to ESL, the proportions of patients with increased levels decreased significantly.

Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01162460/NCT02484001; EudraCT 2009-011135-13/2015-001243-36.