bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Of Tofu Industry Wastewater Using Bioreactor Anaerobic-Aerobic And Bioball As Media With Variation Of Hidraulic Retention Time
Authors: Astuti Ariani Dwi , Ayu Dewi Intania
Published: May 2020

Tofu which is made by grinding soy bean, generates huge amount of wastewater and thus considered as one of the most polluted food-industrial effluent owing to its high values of organic contents. The small industries of tofu preparation process release the wastewater directly into the water body without being treated first. Prior to discharge this wastewater into the waterbody, the wastewater must be treated to reduce the possibility of negative impact and the contamination of the waterbody. For these small industries, the best alternative of wastewater treatment is one which has the following criteria: easy in operation, low cost operation, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. In this research, bioreactor anaerobic-aerobic with media bioball is used. The highest removal efficiency of COD took place in anaerobic zones. Bioreactors were operated with the variations of retention time at 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours. The COD removal efficiency for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours were found 90.3% (organic loading rate is 15.1 kg COD/m3.day), 84.4% and 76.3% respectively. The experiment showed that the longer of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the higher the removal efficiency could be achieved. These occurred because a longer HRT will extend the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms attached. Therefore, microorganisms have a longer time to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Although the removal efficiency in these three-HRT was found high, the effluent of the reactor was still above the effluent standard based on regulation of Ministry of Environmental Permen LH No. 5/2014. Kinetics using Eckenfelder Equation results R2 equal to 0.9991, n equal to 0.293 and K equivalent to 7.3577 mg/L. Keywords: tofu wastewater, anaerobe, aerobe, bioball, wastewater, treatment, attached growth
Outdoor Closed System of Algal Mass Culture : In Sight of Comparison on Vertical and Horizontal Photobioreactor for Cultivating the Spirulina sp.
Authors: Farida Hilda , Harahap Puspita Sari , Sobari Rifana , Gunawan Rudyanto , Rahman Delicia Yunita , Susilaningsih Dwi
Published: May 2020

Spirulina are multiceluller and filamentous blue-green algae that has gained considerable popularity in the health food industry and increasingly as a protein and vitamin supplement to aquaculture diets. The challenge for economically and fulfill the requirement for food and medical purposes has create many ways for mass-growth production, that possibly cultivated in the open-system (such as a raceway pond) or closed-system photobioreactors (such as tubular, bubble-column, airlift, flat-panel, and vertical). the cultivation of teh Spirulina on the vertical and horizontal photobioreactor has been studied. The photobioreactor, namely BJVP and BJHP, has a design to be less energy consumption using the air bubbling or circular paddle. The observation was conducted in a whole year with parameters of rainfall, temperature, light intensity, pH, and salinity. Result  showed that cultivation of Spirulina on the vertical photobioreactor growth faster than teh horizontal photobioreactor systems and the yield of biomass was about 0.94 gDW/L. Average of temperature ranges of BJHP were 31.0C-35.5C, salinities were 35 per mil level, pH were 8.55-10.86, and light intensity were 427-2001 umol photon s-1m-2. Whereas the BJVP has averages temperature range of 31.4C-33.9C, salinity 33-35 per mil level, pH 8.46-10.75, and light intensity 532-2062 umol photon s-1m-2. The proximate analyses of biomass from BJVP cultivation shows has tendency higher protein content compared to BJHP. The optimization of both reactors has continuing evaluated in order to get the optimum parameters required for economically Spirulina cultivation systems.Keywords: Spirulina, BJVP, BJHP, outdoor mass cultivating system, photobioreactor.
Second Generation Biobutanol: An Update
Authors: Burhani Dian , Triwahyuni Eka , Setiawan Ruby
Published: May 2020

Butanol, a rising star in biofuel, can be produced by two approaches, petrochemically and biologically. Currently, the most promising route for butanol production is by fermentation using Clostridium species through an anaerobic condition. However, similar to other biofuels, feedstock has greatly influenced the production of biobutanol and the search for inexpensive and abundant raw material is an absolute requirement for a cost-effective process. Second-generation biobutanol which is produced from lignocellulosic biomass of agricultural and forestry waste not only meets the requirement but also alleviates competition with food crops and thereby solves the problems of food scarcity from the first generation biobutanol. This paper delivered the latest and update information regarding biobutanol production specifically second-generation biobutanol in terms of production method, recovery, purification, status, and technoeconomic.  Keyword: biobutanol, lignocellulose, purification, recovery, technoeconomic
Simulation of CO2 Conversion into Methanol in Fixed-bed Reactors: Comparison of Isothermal and Adiabatic Configurations
Authors: Rahma Fadilla Noor
Published: May 2020

CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) has been widely considered as a potential solution to overcome global warming. Conversion of CO2 into methanol is an interesting option to transform waste into value-added chemical while also reducing greenhouse gases emissions in the atmosphere. In this paper, utilization of CO2 into methanol was simulated using Aspen Plus software. The reaction between CO2 and H2 to produce methanol and water was carried out in a simulated fixed-bed reactor with Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 commercial catalyst, following LHHW (Langmuir – Hinshelwood – Hougen – Watson) kinetic model. Isothermal and adiabatic reactor configurations were compared under similar feed conditions and the concentration profile along the reactor was observed. The result showed that isothermal configuration converted 3.23% more CO2 and provided 16.34% higher methanol yield compared to the adiabatic reactor. Feed inlet temperature variation was applied and the effect to methanol production on both configurations was studied. The highest methanol yield for adiabatic and isothermal reactor was obtained at 200 oC and 240 oC respectively.
Effect of Intermittent Spray Pyrolysis on the Characteristics of Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Conductive Glass for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Nurdin Isdiriayani , Widiatmoko Pramujo , Devianto Hary , Yuandy Anastasia , Rendy Rendy
Published: May 2020

One of dye sensitized solar cell’s (DSSC) component is conductive glass, a transparent glass substrate covered with semiconductor oxide, usually fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). An economic and scalable method used to deposit the FTO film is spray pyrolysis. A research conducted by Fukano et al. (2004) showed that introducing intermittence in spray pyrolysis using batch atomizer improves the glass’ characteristics. This research aims to observe the effect of intermittence on spray pyrolysis method using nebulizer. A compressor nebulizer and hotplate were used, where the glass’ surface temperature reached 300oC. Transmittance, conductance, morphology and composition of the glasses produced were analyzed. Deposition time and intermittence were varied. Variation of time were 5; 7.5; 10; 16; and 39 minutes. Deposition time of 7.5 minutes showed the highest figure of merit (FOM) of 7.83×10-3 Ω-1. Intermittence was performed by turning the nebulizer off during deposition, with varying period and amount of intermittence. Periods of intermittence were varied for 10, 20, and 30 seconds, and amounts of intermittence were varied 1, 2, and 3 times. Variation of 3 intermittences at 20 seconds each resulted in the highest FOM of 19.29×10-3 Ω-1. DSSC’s efficiency built using produced conductive glass are 1.9×10-4 % and 5.5×10-4 %.
On a Singular Robin Problem with Convection Terms
Authors: Guarnotta Umberto , Marano Salvatore A. , Motreanu Dumitru
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the existence of smooth positive solutions to a Robin boundary-value problem with non-homogeneous differential operator and reaction given by a nonlinear convection term plus a singular one is established. Proofs chiefly exploit sub-super-solution and truncation techniques, set-valued analysis, recursive methods, nonlinear regularity theory, as well as fixed point arguments. A uniqueness result is also presented.
Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and antibacterial activity studies
Authors: Torabfam Milad , Yüce Meral
Published: May 2020

Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is acquiring considerable attention due to its environmental and economic superiorities over other methods. This study describes the practical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the reduction of silver nitrate solution using an algal source, Chlorella vulgaris, as the reducing as well as the stabilizing agent. The energy required for this synthesis was supplied by microwave radiation. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy exhibited a single peak related to the surface plasmon absorbance of AgNPs at 431 nm. The AgNPs with high stability (a zeta potential of −17 mV), hydrodynamic size distribution of 1–50 nm, and mostly spherical shape were obtained through a 10 min process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that several functional groups, including carbonyl groups of C. vulgaris, play a significant role in the formation of functional NPs. Antibacterial features of the produced AgNPs were verified against those of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating a considerable growth inhibition at increasing concentrations of the NPs. As a result, the formed AgNPs can be used as a promising agent against bacterial diseases.
Notes on the Sociological Study of Language
Authors: Useem John
Published: May 2020

The SSRC’s Committee on Sociolinguistics (1963–1979) was formed to explore how the nascent interdisciplinary field of sociolinguistics could deepen scholarly understanding of the intersection of language with social, cultural, and political questions. In this 1963 piece, John Useem, a committee member, explains how “developing the sociological study of language” would advance social science. He emphasizes the potential contribution to social knowledge through research on how language is used across cultural contexts and social divides of class, geography, race, and ethnicity.
Pidginization and Creolization of Languages: Their Social Contexts
Authors: Hymes Dell
Published: May 2020

Sociolinguistic debates around the definitions and significance of “pidgin” and “creole” languages were increasing in the 1960s and the SSRC’s Committee on Sociolinguistics played a role in cultivating these discussions. This 1968 report by Dell Hymes summarizes issues raised at a conference convened by the Council at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, to better understand the historical development, the grammatical and lexical evolutions, and the social uses of pidgin and creole languages. Though he highlights how social science can better inform research on pidginization and creolization, Hymes identifies knowledge gaps, among them the nature of the relationship between these languages and national identity, and more broadly the lack of historical and social scientific knowledge of this topic.
Circulating chemerin level may be associated with early vascular pathology in obese children without overt arterial hypertension – preliminary results
Authors: Wójcik Małgorzata , Kozioł-Kozakowska Agnieszka , Januś Dominika , Furtak Aleksandra , Małek Agnieszka , Sztefko Krystyna , Starzyk Jerzy B.
Published: May 2020

Background

Elevated chemerin level is observed in patients with arterial hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between chemerin level, and parameters of blood pressure and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with obesity but without arterial hypertension.

Methods

In 23 children with obesity (13 girls, mean age 9.3, SD 1.9, mean BMI SDS 3.9, SD 1.7) 24 h ABPM (Spacelabs 90,217, USA), common carotids and abdominal aorta intima media thickness measurements (Voluson 730, GE Medical System 8.5 and 3.5 MHz probes), body composition analysis (Tanita BC 418 S MA, Tokyo, Japan) were performed. Glucose, triglycerides, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, liver enzymes, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, insulin and chemerin levels were assessed in blood sample taken after a 12-h fasting period.

Results

There was a significant correlation of circulating chemerin level with systolic blood pressure load in ABPM (r=0.5, p<0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated chemerin level may be associated with increased systolic blood pressure in obese children.
Effect of concentration dependence of viscosity on squeeze film lubrication
Authors: Muthu Poosan , Pujitha Vanacharla
Published: May 2020

The influence of concentration of solute particles on squeeze film lubrication between two poroelastic surfaces has been analyzed using a mathematical model. Newtonian viscous fluid is considered as a lubricant whose viscosity varies linearly with concentration of suspended solute particles. Convection-diffusion model is proposed to study the concentration of solute particles and is solved using finite difference method of Crank–Nicolson scheme. An iterative procedure is used to get the solution for concentration, pressure and velocity components in film region. It has been observed that load carrying capacity decreases as the concentration of solute particles in the fluid film decreases. Further, the concentration of suspended solute particles decreases as the permeability of the poroelastic plate increases and these results may be useful in understanding the mechanism of human joint.
Positioning undergraduate teaching and learning assistants as instructional partners
Authors: Jardine Hannah Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

Undergraduate teaching and learning assistants (UTLAs) can help to implement student-centered learning and collaborate with faculty as instructional partners. Researchers have documented the benefits of student-faculty instructional partnerships, but additional research is necessary to better understand how UTLA-faculty partnerships are established and sustained. In this study, I explored how UTLAs are positioned in interactions with faculty for two undergraduate courses at a large, public research institution over the Fall 2018 semester. This in-depth examination revealed UTLAs may be positioned as students, informants, consultants, co-instructors, or co-creators. Positioning of UTLAs changed moment-by-moment, and the different positions were not always mutually exclusive. Thus, UTLA-faculty partnerships are complex and dynamic; even when ranking or characterizing partnerships broadly, considering variety and fluidity in positioning may help uncover the nuances behind different partnerships. This research provides insight into the interactions of collaborative UTLA-faculty instructional partnerships and the factors that may affect those interactions.
diceCT: A Valuable Technique to Study the Nervous System of Fish
Authors: Camilieri-Asch Victoria , Shaw Jeremy A. , Mehnert Andrew , Yopak Kara E. , Partridge Julian C. , Collin Shaun P.
Published: May 2020

Contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging provides a non-destructive and flexible approach to optimizing contrast in soft tissues, especially when incorporated with Lugol’s solution (aqueous I2KI), a technique currently referred to as diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT). This stain exhibits high rates of penetration and results in excellent contrast between and within soft tissues, including the central nervous system. Here, we present a staining method for optimizing contrast in the brain of a cartilaginous fish, the brownbanded bamboo shark,Chiloscyllium punctatum, and a bony fish, the common goldfish,Carassius auratus, using diceCT. The aim of this optimization procedure is to provide suitable contrast between neural tissue and background tissue(s) of the head, thereby facilitating digital segmentation and volumetric analysis of the central nervous system. Both species were scanned before staining and were rescanned at time (T) intervals, either every 48 h (C. punctatum) or every 24 h (C. auratus), to assess stain penetration and contrast enhancement. To compare stain intensities, raw X-ray CT data were reconstructed using air and water calibration phantoms that were scanned under identical conditions to the samples. Optimal contrast across the brain was achieved at T = 240 h forC. punctatumand T = 96 h forC. auratus. Higher resolution scans of the whole brain were obtained at the two optimized staining times for all the corresponding specimens. The use of diceCT provides a new and valuable tool for visualizing differences in the anatomic organization of both the central and peripheral nervous systems of fish.
Why the Brazilian Amazon Burns
Authors: Hecht Susanna
Published: May 2020

The policies and collaborations between governments and civil society that kept forests standing in many parts of Amazonia have come to an end, at least for now.
How Informal Transport Systems Drive African Cities
Authors: Agbiboa Daniel E.
Published: May 2020

Africa's informal transport sector is likely to continue to drive mass mobility well into the future and remain central to urban economies and the production of new city forms.
Diasporic South Vietnam
Authors: Tam Hao Jun
Published: May 2020

As Vietnam was caught in wartime narrative austerity from the 1950s to the 1970s, followed by the communist state’s intolerance of dissent, Vietnamese writers in the French and American diaspora have offered literary texts that challenge both Vietnamese discursive stricture and dominant perspectives in France and the United States. This essay studies two novel sequences from the diasporic Vietnamese literary archive: Vietnamese French author Ly Thu Ho’s trilogy and Vietnamese American writer Lan Cao’s pair of historical novels. Taking a historicist approach, the essay reveals complex nationalist expressions, aspirations, challenges, and desires in Ly Thu Ho’s and Lan Cao’s works of fiction.
When echo gets in the way: physiological factors affecting Doppler data
Authors: Jose J. , Randall K. , Baron J. , Khoo J.
Published: May 2020

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is widely used as a pre-operative screening tool. It can provide extensive information about cardiac function and underlying pathology, which could influence decisions regarding surgery. This patient was referred for TTE as part of pre-op screening, as he had a biological prosthetic aortic valve. This was a rare case where misleading TTE measurements inadvertently led to the patient being referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), which delayed non-cardiac surgery.
Las prácticas en extensión universitaria para los alumnos de grado. Integración de docencia, investigación y extensión
Authors: Jorge Elizabeth , Muñoz Lucía , García Andrea , Guzmán Macarena
Published: May 2020

Se presentan las reflexiones originadas a partir de una práctica de estudiantes de grado en un proyecto extensionista universitario, en el marco de la Cátedra de Psicología Clínica (Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Teniendo en cuenta que la extensión no forma parte de la currícula de formación del alumnado, las autoras de este escrito proponen una serie de cavilaciones en torno a la articulación entre la docencia, la investigación y la extensión.Se describe el proyecto extensionista desarrollado hasta el momento y el diseño de la propuesta para la participación de los alumnos de la carrera de Psicología. Para el estudiantado, los procesos procuraron la articulación teórico-práctica del quehacer del psicólogo clínico en el marco de un proyecto de vinculación entre la universidad y la sociedad. De esta manera se promovió el avance en la apropiación de conceptos relativos a la propia disciplina. Además, se entrenaron en la utilización de dos herramientas fundamentales para el ejercicio del rol profesional: la observación y el registro, ambos necesarios para la reflexión posterior.Para las docentes autoras de este escrito, se exponen las implicancias de esta propuesta de práctica en torno a dos ejes: el acuerdo sobre el tipo de formación de los estudiantes y qué objetivos se buscaba alcanzar (articulación docencia y extensión), y la evaluación del impacto de esta experiencia en el alumnado (articulación con la investigación). En el primer eje se trabajó el concepto de educación experiencial, mientras que en el segundo se abordó el tema de las competencias.
Comentario sobre la noción colonial de “codicia”. A propósito de la Dra. Elizet Payne Iglesias
Authors: Ramírez Roldán José David
Published: May 2020

El presente comentario está basado en la síntesis de investigaciones históricas estudiadas por la Dra. Elizet Payne Iglesias con respecto a la temática colonial de la explotación perlífera en regiones de América Latina. Asimismo, este artículo se realiza desde una perspectiva alternativa a la propuesta en la historiografía de la Dra. Payne, ya que analiza las tensiones creadas por la supuesta “codicia”, relacionada con la figura del conquistador europeo durante la extracción de gemas (perlas) en las colonias del Nuevo Mundo.
Del carro a la base para bolsones. Notas sobre la construcción compartida de una herramienta para mejorar la calidad del trabajo de recuperadores ambientales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Authors: Schamber Pablo J. , Tagliafico Juan Pablo
Published: May 2020

Este artículo describe una experiencia de investigación y transferencia académicas aún en curso sobre el sistema de gestión de los residuos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) y de otros municipios del área metropolitana bonaerense. Durante el trabajo de campo, se detectaron ciertos inconvenientes en el proceso de trabajo del que participan cooperativas de cartoneros y que tiene lugar bajo un nuevo sistema de gestión de residuos en la CABA. El artículo busca dar visibilidad a dichos inconvenientes, pero principalmente describir el proceso a partir del cual, con la participación de distintos actores, se diseñó, elaboró y puso a prueba una herramienta muy simple que, entendemos, soluciona el problema detectado. Se pretende así contribuir al debate y la reflexión sobre el papel de las actividades de investigación y transferencia académicas en el marco del compromiso con los grupos sociales que son objeto/beneficiarios de las mismas.
Ceftriaxone Degradation by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles: Toxicity and Degradation Mechanism
Authors: Usman Mohammad Rofik , Prasasti Azmi , Islamiah Sovia , Firdaus Alfian Nur , Marita Ayu Wanda , Fajriyah Syamsiyatul , Yanti Eka Fitri
Published: May 2020

Ceftriaxone is a third generation of cephalosporin antibiotics that commonly used in patients with ulcers. Ceftriaxone residues in the environment are degraded using Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Degradation of ceftriaxone using TiO2 nanoparticles was influenced by environmental conditions, such as light sources, pH of the solution, the mass of TiO2 nanoparticles, and the length of radiation. The remained ceftriaxone was analyzed by using a spectrophotometer UV-visible. The toxicity of the solution after the degradation process was tested on Escherichia coli and the type of products resulted was analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (LC-MS). The optimum conditions in degrading 50 mL 250 ppm ceftriaxone was radiation under a mercury UV lamp (white), pH 8, and 100 mg of TiO2 nanoparticles for 9 hours. The degradation degree of ceftriaxone obtained was 96.52%, producing simpler compounds that not toxic to E. Coli.
O papel dos algoritmos de inteligência artificial nas redes sociais
Authors: Kaufman Dora , Santaella Lucia
Published: May 2020

Desde 2016 nos Estados Unidos e na Europa o tema das fake news (notícias falsas) tornou-se preocupação central do jornalismo em virtude dos prejuízos que esse fenômeno causa especialmente à preservação saudável dos sistemas democráticos. Em 2018, o processo eleitoral trouxe esse tema para o ápice dos debates no Brasil. É nos aplicativos das redes sociais que as fake news proliferam e não é mais novidade saber que tanto as redes sociais quanto os motores de busca estão hoje sob o controle dos algoritmos de inteligência artificial. Em função do desconhecimento acerca do modo como esses algoritmos funcionam e do temor que filmes e séries sobre o assunto têm despertado nas pessoas, desenvolveu-se um pensamento negativista e mesmo certa ojeriza contra os algoritmos, em especial, os de inteligência artificial. Em vista disso, tendo por base uma pesquisa cuidadosa sobre as tendências atuais da inteligência artificial, este artigo tem por objetivo desmistificar crenças e fantasias infundadas ao evidenciar objetivamente como funciona a inteligência artificial e o papel que ela desempenha por trás do funcionamento das redes sociais.
Por uma outra narrativa: jornalismo e micro-história em A mulher que alimentava
Authors: Marocco Beatriz , Queirós Francisco Aquinei Timóteo
Published: May 2020

O corrente estudo é resultado de investigação em desenvolvimento no doutorado. Nessa direção, promove-se no artigo o diálogo entre a metodologia micro-histórica e a prática jornalística de Eliane Brum, tendo-se a reportagem “A mulher que alimentava”, presente no livro O olho da rua, como catalisadora da análise. Ao adotar um percurso epistemológico a partir das margens, nota-se que os acontecimentos e fatos assumem uma dimensão social e cultural contraposta aos valores legitimados pela história social dominante. A micro-história volta-se, desse modo, para a compreensão problemática do particular. Nesse sentido, o objetivo é entender como o detalhe individual aponta para fragmentos de experiências, permitindo o acesso a lógicas sociais e culturais dos sujeitos subalternos.
Dental Rehabilitation of a Rare Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome with Olygodontia: A Case Report
Authors: Keskin Gül , Tek Gün B.
Published: May 2020

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare oculomandibulofacial discephaly with hypotrichosis that occurs as a sporadic mutation. It is characterized by abnormal findings especially in head and face. Dental anomalies occur in 50-80% of the patients. In this case report, facial-oral findings and the existing dental anomalies of the syndrome in a 6-year-old male patient diagnosed with HSS were identified. Dental rehabilitation and a 12-month follow-up of the patient were reported. Each case presented with this rare syndrome may contribute to the literature to determine the prognosis of the disease and to take protective and preventive measures.
Brand Identifiers as a Tool of Territorial Development
Authors: Mitina Ella , Kalkova Natalia , Yarosh Olga
Published: May 2020

One of the promising areas of scientific research today is branding of territories. This issue is widely covered in the context of territorial marketing. Brand influence on recipient’s behavior is a significant brand management goal. That is why branding is actively used today in economy, in particular, when creating a territorial image. The development of urban space is predetermined by the need to form strategic guidelines that are adaptive to the existing competitive potential of the territory, dynamically changing environmental conditions, and toughening competition in the investment, information, labor, event, tourist and other markets. In this regard, the issues of territory’s promotion in the domestic and intercountry spaces by means of creating a recognizable urban brand which is associated with the most significant competitive advantages of the territory become more and more crucial. The importance of understanding the category of territory branding in the economic context is determined, in our opinion, by the formation of a territory brand, which helps to significantly strengthen the regional identity aimed at the elimination of various contradictions of religious, national character, as well as solution of problematic issues connected with the coexistence of various social groups within the same region. In order to determine the influence of brand identifiers on the economic development of the region, the authors have conducted a marketing study among the population of the Republic of Crimea, in which 242 respondents from various social and age groups took part. The survey reveals: respondents’ awareness of regional symbols depending on their age; respondents’ emotional perception of the logo of the city of Yalta; associative perception of the logo of the city of Saki; visual perception of the logo of the city of Kerch; knowledge of the logo of the city of Sudak; associative perception of the logo of the city of Feodosia; attitude of the population of the Republic of Crimea to the logos of cities in the region.
Assessment of the Efficiency of Implementing the Regional Program of Preferential Lending to Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (Based on Rostov Region)
Authors: Chernova Olga , Davydenko Irina
Published: May 2020

Financial factors are crucial for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The article dwells on the issue of the effectiveness of regional financial support for small and medium-sized businesses implemented in the form of preferential lending, and it also discusses “failures” that generate problems in the implementation of this support. The research object is Rostov region. The authors prove that it is difficult for small and medium-sized businesses to obtain a loan on normal terms due to instability of financial flows. As a result of the analysis, the authors reveal that the volume of lending to small businesses in Rostov region is steadily declining. The decrease in demand for loans from small businesses is connected with high interest rates on bank loans. The article emphasizes that concessional lending can solve the problem through the encouragement of business development in priority areas for the region. The correlation analysis is carried out on the basis of comparing the main indicators of the regional subprogram “Development of small and medium-sized businesses in Rostov region” and indicators of social and economic development of the region. According to the results of the analysis, there is an increase in the number of economic entities in the section of small and medium-sized businesses due to unemployment reduction in the region. However, this quantitative dependence in Rostov region is functionally unstable and probabilistic. At the same time, inefficient organizational and methodological activities of the state in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises have lead to the emergence of “failures” that generate the problem not of the lack of financial resources but of their low demand.
Credit and Financial and Payment Infrastructure of Volgograd Region: Trends and Prospects of Development
Authors: Korobeynikova Olga , Stefanovich Lyudmila , Dugina Tatiana , Malofeev Aleksandr
Published: May 2020

The aim of the work is to assess the state of the main parameters of credit and financial and payment services of the economy of Volgograd region (institutional provision with banking services, indicators of attraction and investment of funds, retail payment infrastructure) and to establish trends in their dynamics in comparison with the data on Russia and the Southern Federal district. The authors establish that the territorial provision with banking services is characterized by unevenness; the reduction of banking institutions has affected Volgograd region to a greater extent; but the disproportions are partially compensated by the transformation of organizing banking activities, technology and communications according to the digital type. The assessment of indicators of credit and savings services in Volgograd region shows that the greatest credit activity is observed in the sphere of individual lending; loans to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs are declining; deposits, funds in the accounts of legal entities and individuals are growing at a higher rate than in the country as a whole. The assessment of the primary retail infrastructure of the payment market shows that in Volgograd region, in comparison with the Russian Federation, there is an exceeding growth of ATMs and electronic terminals; it is natural to reduce the number of contact imprinters with the simultaneous growth of electronic terminals, which characterizes the strengthening of innovative banking services. Territorial disproportions in the provision of the Russian Federation with credit and financial and payment infrastructure with negative dynamics of Volgograd region are found and that is one of the reasons of lagging of social and economic development of the region. The conditions of credit and financial and payment infrastructure of Volgograd region, the issues concerning mechanisms of leveling the infrastructural availability of financial services in the region due to the diffusion of technological innovations as conductors and channels of remote access to modern financial services can become the directions of further research.
Municipal Strategies in Russia: New Conditions and New Challenges
Authors: Buchwald Eugeny , Valentik Olga
Published: May 2020

The article aims to summarize new conditions and new challenges, which currently determine the possibility and even the need for substantial revitalization of the strategic management of the social and economic development of Russian municipalities.Five years of practice of implementing the provisions of the Federal Law no. 172 on trategic planning in the Russian Federation revealed a sufficiently large number of gaps in this legislative act, which currently need to be filled. However, the complexity of the situation cannot be reduced only to the initial mistakes made during the development and adoption of this legislative act. Much of the issues which need to be amended or supplemented in the law on strategic planning today is connected with new conditions and priorities of the social and economic development of the country, its regions and municipal territories. The mentioned above fully concerns the issue of the logical (in the legal and economic sense) completion of the “hierarchical relationship” of strategic planning through a more complete and clear legal regulation of the main forms and key functions of strategic planning at the municipal level of management. The solution of this problem is not limited only by the elimination of the dualism or uncertainty that is necessary for positioning municipal strategizing in the current version of the Federal Law no. 172. The point is that legal regulation should cover a lot of new phenomena of territorial organization of production, settlements (for example, megacities, agglomerations); identify the features of municipal management and strategizing in such specific “points” as towns and mono industry cities, particularly depressed settlements, intercity municipalities, etc. However, the necessity to achieve the coordination of positions on this wide range of issues between the legislation on strategic planning and the legislation on the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation is shown.
A review of UK greenhouse gas emissions from recent built-environment projects
Authors: Collings David
Published: May 2020

The greenhouse gas emissions of a range of current and recent built-environment projects in the UK and internationally were studied to give a benchmark of current levels and to identify where improvements could be made. A top-down and bottom-up approach was used, considering published data on projects over £1 billion and database estimates for smaller projects and individual structures. In total, emissions of 14 projects, 117 bridges and 120 buildings were studied. It was found that emissions generally rose with increased project length, area and cost, but there was a significant variation in the results. It was also found that the ‘carbon emissions intensity’ of projects is significantly higher than offsetting options like tree planting, such that design optimisation and value engineering are far more cost-effective for reducing emissions and achieving ‘net zero’.
Foam or cotton covered by superhydrophobic micro-SiO2/fiberglass cloth for oil absorption
Authors: Jiang Ying , Huang Xiaoye , Yu Ruobing
Published: May 2020

A novel porous oil-sorption material covered by a superhydrophobic fiberglass cloth was fabricated, in which the superhydrophobic fiberglass cloth facilitated oil–water separation and the cotton or foam provided storage for the oil that permeated through the superhydrophobic fiberglass cloth. It is crucial to prepare superhydrophobic silica (SiO2) particles by the application of dodecyltrimethoxysilane. Epoxy resin was used as a binder to coat superhydrophobic silica on the surface of the fiberglass cloth. The adhesive force between the fiberglass cloth and the superhydrophobic silica was found to be strong. The water contact angle of the superhydrophobic microsilica/fiberglass cloth (modified fiberglass cloth) was 155 ± 1°, the oil contact angle was always 0° and the water–oil separation efficiency was 95.80%. The modified fiberglass cloth showed good acid–alkali resistance. Cotton or foam covered by the superhydrophobic microsilica/fiberglass cloth had good water–oil separation performance, oil-sorption recyclability and a maximum oil-sorption capacity for high-temperature oil of up to 17.07 ± 0.59 g/g. As oil-sorption materials are simple to manufacture and inexpensive, they are a good option for use in the removal of oil pollutants.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for CKD in the General Population of Southwestern Nicaragua
Authors: Ferguson Ryan , Leatherman Sarah , Fiore Madeline , Minnings Kailey , Mosco Martha , Kaufman James , Kerns Eric , Amador Juan Jose , Brooks Daniel R. , Fiore Melissa , Parekh Rulan S. , Fiore Louis
Published: May 2020

Significance Statement

Most studies of Mesoamerican nephropathy have focused on regions in El Salvador and northwest Nicaragua and on agricultural workers, but information regarding prevalence and risk factors for CKD in Nicaragua’s general population is sparse. In a study of community-dwelling individuals in southwestern Nicaragua, the authors screened 1242 participants for CKD (defined as <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Risk factors for prevalent CKD included age, diabetes, and hypertension. Current or former workers in the sugarcane industry (but not other types of agriculture) had a twofold-increased odds of CKD. CKD prevalence in southwestern Nicaragua is about 5% among the general population but is not consistent across Nicaragua. Formal CKD surveillance programs in Nicaragua are needed to assess the overall burden of CKD nationally, with a focus on agricultural workers.

Background

Studies have described Mesoamerican nephropathy among agricultural workers of El Salvador and northwestern Nicaragua. Data on prevalence and risk factors for CKD beyond agricultural workers and in other regions in Nicaragua are sparse.

Methods

We recruited participants from 32 randomly selected communities in the Department of Rivas’s ten municipalities in two phases. In phase 1, we screened participants using a field-based capillary creatinine measuring system and collected self-reported information on lifestyle and occupational, exposure, and health histories. Two years later, in phase 2, we enrolled 222 new participants, performing serum creatinine testing in these participants and confirmatory serum creatinine testing in phase 1 participants.

Results

We enrolled 1242 of 1397 adults (89%) living in 533 households (median age 41 years; 43% male). We confirmed CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) in 53 of 1227 (4.3%) evaluable participants. In multivariable testing, risk factors for prevalent CKD included age (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.89 to 1.96) and self-reported history of hypertension (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.64), diabetes (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.40 to 5.93), or current or past work in the sugarcane industry (OR 2.92; 95% CI, 1.36 to 6.27).

Conclusions

Adjusted CKD prevalence was about 5% with repeat confirmatory testing in southwest Nicaragua, lower than in the northwest region. Risk factors included diabetes, hypertension, and current or prior work in the sugarcane industry but not in other forms of agricultural work. Formal CKD surveillance programs in Nicaragua are needed to assess the overall burden of CKD nationally, with a focus on agricultural workers.
Datblygu Hunaniaeth ac Ethos Proffesiynol trwy Ymchwil ac Ymarfer ym maes Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon: Dull Partneriaeth AGA Prifysgol De Cymru
Authors: Daly Caroline , James Jamie , Jones Catherine , Taylor Lisa , Wegener Kelly , George Craig
Published: May 2020

Yn sgil diwygio'r sector addysg yng Nghymru, mae partneriaethau Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon (AGA) rhwng prifysgolion ac ysgolion yng Nghymru wedi wynebu heriau cysyniadol ac ymarferol wrth orfod dylunio rhaglenni AGA newydd y gellir eu hachredu ar lefel genedlaethol yn unol â'r argymhellion a nodwyd gan yr Athro John Furlong yn 2015. Roedd y diwygiadau hyn yn gofyn am ailfeddwl AGA ar draws y system, yn seiliedig ar athroniaeth ar gyfer darpariaeth newydd. Mae'r erthygl hon yn amlinellu dull o gyflwyno AGA a ysbrydolwyd gan waith Lee Shulman (2005) a ddadleuodd y dylai addysg athrawon roi'r flaenoriaeth i gaffael tri arferiad, yn cyfateb i 'beth', 'felly beth' a 'pwy' addysgu, sef dealltwriaeth o'ch hunaniaeth, ethos a chymeriad proffesiynol. Rydym yn disgrifio model addysgegol ar gyfer mewnblannu'r egwyddorion hyn mewn AGA, yn seiliedig ar waith Parker, Patton ac O'Sullivan (2016). Yn olaf, rydym yn ystyried y goblygiadau i fentoriaid a darlithwyr, gan nodi'n benodol yr angen i weld holl aelodau'r bartneriaeth AGA fel dysgwyr, er mwyn sicrhau modelau rôl effeithiol ar gyfer athrawon cychwynnol, a hefyd i aros yn ffyddlon i'r egwyddor a nodir yn namcaniaeth datblygiad cymdeithasol (Vygotsky, 1978) bod dysgu'n rhyngweithiol ac yn symbiotig.
Qui suis-je
Authors: Pappa Sotiria , MacInnis Aladin Katija , Moate Josephine
Published: May 2020

The scarcity of research on French immersion teachers’ professional identity contrasts with the increasing popularity of French immersion programs in Canada and the concomitant need for French immersion teachers. This study explores the professional identity negotiation of four French immersion teachers in Alberta, Canada, with a focus on discontinuity. Semi-structured interviews conducted face-to-face with the participants were analysed using dialogic narrative analysis. The findings highlight how discontinuity is occasioned by a change in knowledge about the French immersion teaching as a profession, encountering classroom realities, shifting one’s values concerning second language learning and the emotions one experiences in moments of discontinuity. A negative change in emotion may encourage discontinuity in immersion teacher identity and teachers’ understanding of themselves as second language learners. On the other hand, positive emotions underline the harboured passion for French and second language learning and may help re-align French immersion teacher identity to the sense of purpose teachers identified in their professional lives. The study concludes with a discussion of certain considerations arising from the data.
The Hedging Channel of Exchange Rate Determination
Authors: Liao Gordon , Zhang Tony
Published: May 2020

We document the exchange rate hedging channel that connects country-level measures of net external financial imbalances with exchange rates. In times of market distress, countries with large positive external imbalances (e.g. Japan) experience domestic currency appreciation, and crucially, forward exchange rates appreciate relatively more than the spot after adjusting for interest rate differentials. Countries with large negative foreign asset positions experience the opposite currency movements. We present a model demonstrating that exchange rate hedging coupled with intermediary constraints can explain these observed relationships between net external imbalances and spot and forward exchange rates. We find empirical support for this currency hedging channel of exchange rate determination in both the conditional and unconditional moments of exchange rates, option prices, large institutional investors' disclosure of hedging activities, and central bank swap line usage during the COVID-19 market turmoil.
Milli parklar arasında farklı bir örnek: İstiklâl Yolu Tarihi Milli Parkı
Authors: TAŞLIGİL Nuran
Published: May 2020

Artan tabii ve kültürel değerlere yönelik koruma / koruma – kullanma bilinci ile çeşitli tedbirler alınmaktadır. Bunlar içerisinde ise milli parklar en geniş çaplı ve de kompleks koruma şekillerinden birisidir. Türkiye’de de bu anlamda kayda değer başarılar elde edilmiş olup 2020’ye gelindiğinde ülkedeki milli park sayısı 43 olmuştur. Bunlar içerisinde ise gerek tarihi, gerekse tabii şartlar bakımından en dikkat çekici ve de benzerlerinden farklı olanı, aynı zamanda Türkiye’nin en yeni milli parklarından İstiklâl Yolu Tarihi Milli Parkı’dır. Esasında tarihte çok önemli bir yer işgal eden İstiklâl Yolu, İnebolu Limanı’ndan başlayıp Ankara (Mamak)’daki askeri fabrikaya uzanan 344 km.’lik bir hattı ifade etmektedir. Milli Mücadele yıllarında söz konusu hat vasıtasıyla Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın en önemli lojistik desteği sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca yol boyunca gösterilen kahramanlıklar, gösterilen fedakarlıklar da söz konusu hattı sadece bir ulaşım hizmeti olmaktan çıkartıp manevi açıdan değerli bir ziyaret yeri haline getirmiştir. Kasım 2018’de milli park ilan edilen hattın geçmiş olduğu yerlerin turistik açıdan değerleri bir bütün halinde ele alındığında Türkiye’nin sayılı yerlerinden biri olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da İstiklâl Yolu’nun tarihteki önemi, İnebolu’dan başlayarak milli park sınırları dahilinde turizme konu olabilecek değerler Turizm Coğrafyası prensipleri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
PROBLEMATIKA SISWA PADA QIRĀ’AH JAHRIYYAH TEKS BAHASA ARAB SERTA UPAYA PERBAIKANNYA DI SMK YAPARI AKTRIPA BANDUNG
Authors: Andriani Nia
Published: May 2020

This study aims to describe the difficulties of students in Qirā’ah jahriyyah and their improvement efforts. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Participants in this study were grade X students in Hospitality 2 Accommodation and grade x Arabic language teachers. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, documentation and tests. The results showed that the difficulty of pronouncing hijaiyyah letters based on Makhorijul letters experienced by grade X students of hospitality accommodation at Yapari Vocational High School Bandung was located in the Makhraj letters of Al Jauf (oral cavity), namely in the long vowel sounds, Al-Halq (throat) namely the sound of letters ع and خ, and Al-Oral (tongue), namely the sound of the letters ش - ض - ص - ث - ذ. One of the efforts to help improve the quality of student reading is by training and accustoming students to read as much and as often as possible in various opportunities both in the form of school programs and subject teacher programs.
ASPEK PERFEKTIF DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Setiawan Rezky Feryansyah , Sanusi Anwar
Published: May 2020

The perfective in Arabic is indicated by a form of māḍi verb used to indicate the past time. In the Qur'an there are often verses that describe the future (imperfective) but are contained in the māḍi verb. The research using this qualitative descriptive approach aims to know the meaning contained in the verses contained in the form of the māḍi verb but in the future context. The sample of this study using purposive sampling in the form of verses that contain māḍi verb in it that perpektive and imperfective aspect. The perfective aspect of the verses is inseparable from the influence of the letters that associated with the māḍi verbs and also has implications for meaning and time.