bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of proanthocyanidins at the intestinal levelagainst thermooxidative stress due to ingestion of sunflower oil used in frying
Authors: Redondo-Castillejo Rocío , Bocanegra Aránzazu , Naes Feras , Garcimartín Alba , Macho González Adrián , Hernández Martín Marina , García Moreno Sofía I. , Raso Esteban Beatriz , López Oliva María Elvira , Benedí Juana , Bastida Sara
Published: October 2021

The repeated frying of food in sunflower oil produces thermo-oxidation and polymerization, potentially negative for health. The reaction of the gastrointestinal system to these compounds is unknown. Proanthocyanidins have antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties. We hypothesize that a carob-fruit extract rich in proanthocyanidins (CFE) improves the defense of the intestine against thermo-oxidative aggression. In sunflower oil, the thermo-oxidation produced by repeated frying of fish was studied while, in Wistar rats, the effect of jointly administering altered sunflower oil and CFE on: the digestion of thermo-oxidized compounds, postprandial lipaemia, proteins involved in lipid absorption, antioxidant and hemoxygenase-1 activity and expression in the small intestine. Twelve male Wistar rats, 200-250 g were cannulated for one week with the mixture of the thermo-oxidized oil-CFE or the thermo-oxidized oil. Thermo-oxidation was determined in sunflower oil and in the postprandial-fat of the gastrointestinal lumen, postprandial lipaemia, the proteins NPC1L1, ACAT-2 and MTP, and the antioxidant status in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. High thermo-oxidation and polymerization levels were found on sunflower oil and fat in the gastrointestinal lumen. The administration of thermo-oxidized sunflower oil-CFE decreases the digestibility of the oil and the polymeric/thermo-oxidized compounds, reduces postprandial lipaemia, increases NPC1L1, ACAT-2, and MTP, and improves the intestinal antioxidant status and excretion of fecal polymers. The use of CFE reduces postprandial lipaemia and guarantees an adequate intestinal antioxidant status against thermo-oxidized lipids.
Benito Pérez Galdós (1843-1920) and the health of his time
Authors: Puerto Sarmiento Francisco Javier
Published: October 2021

I undertake a brief review of the author’s works, related to pharmacy, medicine and epidemics, in commemoration of the centenary of his death celebrated last year 2020, in the course of the COVID pandemic.
Um manuscrito inédito do naturalista José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva
Authors: Varela Alex Gonçalves
Published: October 2021

José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva ficou conhecido na historiografia em função da sua atuação na vida política brasileira. Contudo ele foi um renomado mineralogista e administrou importantes órgãos mineiros no Império Português. Um deles foi a Intendência Geral das Minas e Metais do Reino, espaço de produção de conhecimento, onde elaborou diversos estudos que permaneceram inéditos até os dias de hoje. Um deles foi a Memória sobre a administração pública das minas no eleitorado de Saxônia, s/d., s/l., que se encontra em meio aos seus manuscritos no Arquivo do Museu Paulista e que por agora resolvemos publicar dada a importância do mesmo para a História das Ciências luso-brasileiras.
Primeiro registro da ocorrência de Culex (Melanoconion) pereyrai Duret, 1967 (Diptera: Culicidae) no Paraná, sul do Brasil
Authors: Da Silva & outros Allan Martins
Published: October 2021

Primeiro registro da ocorrência de Culex (Melanoconion) pereyrai Duret, 1967 (Diptera: Culicidae) no Paraná, sul do Brasi
Obituário do Pesquisador José Consolim
Authors: Silva Allan Martins da
Published: October 2021

Obituário do Pesquisador José Consolim
STUDY OF MATERIALS AND WELDING USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RACKS FOR STORAGE OF FUEL ELEMENTS AT NUCLEAR PLANTS
Authors: Ribeiro A. A. F. , Ferreira C. A. M. , Souza M. C. L. , Tapanes N. C. O.
Published: October 2021

This paper showed the technological innovations and the necessary requirements for the welding of ASTM A240 TP316L Austenitic Stainless Steel in the construction of racks used in the storage of Fuel Elements inside nuclear power plants. It presents the development of welding processes using coated electrode, SMAW and as addition metal rods EAS 2-IG / ER 308L. This study is divided into two stages, the preparation of technical documentation and the development of methods and manufacturing processes used in the qualification of welding processes. A sequence was outlined based on real situations used by nuclear component manufacturing companies, meeting the physical and mechanical properties required by the nuclear classification standards and their regulations. The results showed that the welding processes were satisfactory, that the destructive and non-destructive tests showed that there was no discontinuity in the surface and defects in the volume of the welding and that, in the present study, safety in the project for the operation of a Nuclear Power Plant was demonstrated.
CEVAP DİLEKÇESİ VERMEYEN DAVALININ DELİL İLERİ SÜRÜP SÜREMEYECEĞİ MESELESİ
Authors: AKİL Cenk
Published: October 2021

Medeni yargıda davalı cevap dilekçesi vermek mecburiyetinde değildir. Cevap dilekçesi vermeyen davalı Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 128. maddesi uyarınca davacının iddialarını inkâr etmiş sayılmaktadır. Cevap dilekçesi vermeyen davalıya delillerini ileri sürebilmesi için mahkeme tarafından süre verilip verilemeyeceği ve böyle bir davalının ne zamana kadar delil ileri sürebileceği tartışmalıdır. 6100 sayılı Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’yla, delillerin ileri sürülmesi bakımından, 1086 sayılı mülga Hukuk Usulü Muhakemeleri Kanunu’na kıyasla daha katı bir anlayış benimsenmiştir. Bu çalışmada cevap dilekçesi vermeyen davalının delil ileri sürme hakkının kapsamı hem ilk derece yargılaması hem de kanun yolu aşaması bakımından konuya ilişkin Yargıtay kararları ve doktrinde savunulan görüşler ışığında ele alınacaktır.
ALMANYA FEDERAL CUMHURİYETİ’NDE HUKUK MESLEKLERİNE GİRİŞ ŞART VE USULLERİ
Authors: MURATOĞLU Tahir
Published: October 2021

Almanya Federal Cumhuriyeti federal bir devlet sistemine sahiptir. Bu ülkede hukuk mesleklerine giriş şart ve usulleri konusunda hem federal hem de federe hukuki düzenlemeler mevcuttur. Konu ile ilgili federal düzenleme Alman Hakimler Kanunu olup, federe devletlerce çıkarılan konu hakkındaki düzenlemelerin bu Kanuna uygun olmaları zorunludur. Alman hukukuna göre hukuk mesleklerinde çalışabilmek için hakimlik yapma yeterliliğine sahip olmak şarttır. Bu nedenle Alman Hakimler Kanunu’nun hakimlik mesleğine giriş şart ve usullerine ilişkin hükümleri diğer hukuk meslekleri için de geçerlidir. Bu şekilde tüm hukukçular için ortak ve tek tip bir mesleğe giriş süreci öngörülmüştür. Alman Hakimler Kanunu’na göre hakimlik mesleğine girebilmek için kural olarak dört buçuk yıl süren bir hukuk eğitiminden sonra yapılan birinci sınavı geçmek gerekir. Birinci sınav federe devletlerce yapılan zorunlu alan sınavı ile üniversitelerce yapılan seçmeli alan sınavından oluşur. Birinci sınavın başarılmasından sonra da iki yıllık bir hazırlık hizmetinin tamamlanması ve ardından ikinci devlet sınavının başarılması gerekir. Alman Hakimler Kanunu’nda yer almayan ayrıntılar ile bu Kanunun federe devletlerce düzenlenebileceğini veya düzenlenmesi gerektiğini öngördüğü konular federe devletlerce düzenlenmiştir. Alman hukuk mesleklerine giriş sürecinin olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerinden söz edilebilir. Ancak sistemin nitelikli hukukçu yetiştirilmesine katkı sunduğu açıktır.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA NEFRET SUÇLARINA -AVRUPA GÜVENLİK VE İŞBİRLİĞİ TEŞKİLATI TAAHHÜTLERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE- GENEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: ÖZAR Süleyman
Published: October 2021

Toplumdaki belli gruplara karşı hoşgörüsüzlük ve ön yargıyla işlenen belirli suçlar nefret suçu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu tür fiiller, toplumu bölme, şiddet ve nefret sarmalı yaratma potansiyeline sahip olduğundan, bunlara etkin bir karşılık verilmesi elzemdir.

Avrupa Güvenlik ve İşbirliği Teşkilatı (AGİT), 2000’li yılların başından itibaren nefret suçlarına kapsamlı bir yaklaşım sergilemektedir. Varşova’da bulunan Demokratik Kurumlar ve İnsan Hakları Ofisi (ODIHR); nefret suçları, nefret söylemi ve ayrımcılıkla mücadele gibi insani boyuta ilişkin konularla ilgilenen bağımsız bir AGİT kurumudur. ODIHR, nefret suçu düzenlemelerine büyük önem vermektedir.

Ceza normları, toplumsal değerlerin bir yansımasıdır. Nefret suçu düzenlemeleri, bir toplumsal değer olarak eşitlik ilkesini ifade ettiği gibi, aynı zamanda bu değerin gelişmesine de hizmet eder.

Türk Ceza Kanunu’na 2005 yılında “Ayrımcılık” adıyla giren ve 2014 yılında, bazı unsurlarıyla birlikte ismi de “Nefret ve Ayrımcılık” olarak değiştirilen suçun bir nefret suçu olduğu, maddenin gerekçesinde ifade edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, her ne kadar kanun maddesinde suçun, ayrımcılık sebeplerine dayalı bir nefretle işleniyor olması aransa da bu bir nefret suçu değildir. Bu nedenle, çalışmamızda nefret suçunu kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alan düzenleme modelinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.
The effects of low bone mineral density on pain, quality of life and fatigue in patients with epilepsy
Authors: UNAL-ULUTATAR Cagri , YAZICI SACAKLIDIR Gonca , MIDI Ipek , AKYUZ Gulseren Derya
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To investigate the effects of low bone mineral density (BMD) on pain, quality of life (QoL), and fatigue in epileptic patientswho use anticonvulsants.Patients and Methods: Epileptic patients aged 18 years or older who use anticonvulsant drugs were recruited into the study.Demographic and clinical features were recorded, including the duration of epilepsy, number of anticonvulsants used, previousfracture history and BMD scores. The functional parameters included back pain measured with the visual analogue scale (VAS) andbrief pain inventory (BPI) scale, QoL assessed with the Qualeffo-41 questionnaire, and fatigue assessed with the fatigue severity scale(FSS).Results: Of the 100 patients screened for inclusion in the study, 63 epileptic patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age andmean disease duration of all participants was 39.5 (±11.2) and 19.3 (±11.6) years, respectively. The median scores for VAS back pain,VAS low back pain, Qualeffo-41, FSS, pain severity, and pain interference (BPI) were significantly higher in patients with secondaryosteoporosis compared to patients with normal BMD. There were significant correlations between lumbar spinal BMD and VASback pain (rho = – 0.58, p < 0.0005), BPI pain severity (rho = – 0.56, p < 0.0005), BPI pain interference (rho = – 0.52, p < 0.0005),Qualeffo-41 (rho = – 0.56, p < 0.0005), and FSS (rho = – 0.41, p = 0.001).Conclusion: Epileptic patients suffering from low BMD showed increased pain, fatigue and impaired QoL. Therefore, BMDmeasurement should be recommended for the evaluation and management of epileptic patients.
The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity screening tool
Authors: EKICI Emine , IKIISIK Hatice , ANKARALI Handan , MANAV Gulay , COLAK Merve , KOZAN Ezgi Hasret
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Family Nutrition and PhysicalActivity (FNPA-TR) screening tool. This study was conducted as a methodological research. The data were collected between Mayand June 2018. The population of the study consisted of 1126 first and fourth grade students and their families in three primary publicschools that represent three socioeconomic statuses (high, medium, low) in Istanbul, Turkey.Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 727 students and their families with an introductory information form and theFNPA-TR screening tool. The validity of content scale was evaluated by comparing the relationship between FNPA-TR scores andanswers given to non-scale questions measuring the eating behaviour. In this study, Cronbach’s alpha, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Varimaxrotation and ICC coefficients statistical tests were used to measure validity and reliability.Results: The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the internal consistency of the scale was 0.724. The test-retest reliability coefficient of thescale had a medium to very high level that ranged from 0.422 to 0.925. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test result was found to be appropriateas 0.771.Conclusion: The study shows that the FNPA-TR scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish population.
El futuro climático del IPCC una aproximación sociológica
Authors: Ramos Torre Ramón
Published: October 2021

El cambio climático plantea el problema del futuro colectivo. Las maneras de entender el futuro climático son muchas y están en disputa. En este trabajo se estudia una de ellas, la denominada reformista, que se reconstruye a partir de la concepción del futuro del clima en los Informes del IPCC sobre el Cambio Climático. Una vez fijadas sus dimensiones formales y práctico-cognitivas, se estudian las bases institucionales que contribuyen a especificarlas de esa manera.
El discurso oficial de la clase media china ansiedad, nacionalismo y populismo
Authors: Sánchez-Romera Alfonso
Published: October 2021

Desde principios del siglo xxi surge en la República Popular de China un discurso oficial de clase media en cuya difusión los medios de comunicación han desempeñado un papel clave. A partir del análisis de noticias publicadas en Renmin Wang ([Diario del] Pueblo en Línea), la versión digital del periódico oficial del Partido Comunista Chino (PCC), se determinará la aparición y construcción del discurso de la clase media china en aras de responder a la cuestión ¿para qué el PCC promueve el discurso oficial de la clase media en China? Los resultados sugieren que el Estado-Partido legitima su autoridad en China a través de diferentes posturas basadas en un nacionalismo populista que fomenta una nueva identidad acorde a los valores neoliberales donde encaja el discurso sobre la clase media.
Guerra Civil y la transmisión intergeneracional de la identidad política a través de la familia
Authors: Castilla-Estévez David
Published: October 2021

Este artículo estudia la transmisión de la identidad política en la familia desde la guerra civil española hasta nuestros días. Concretamente, se trata de encontrar: 1) qué factores son los más importantes en la socialización política de la persona, 2) cuáles específicamente juegan un mayor papel en la conformación de identidades políticas extremistas y 3) qué relevancia tiene la Guerra Civil en estos procesos. Para ello, se han realizado diversos análisis de datos de una encuesta sobre una muestra representativa de la población española. Los resultados señalan: 1) el rol materno como eje central en la conformación de la identidad política del individuo y 2) el aumento en el número de agentes de socialización política significativos con el paso de las generaciones, manteniéndose la madre y la religión como los factores más relevantes.
¿Qué factores influyen en el camino hacia la inserción sociolaboral del estudiante universitario?
Authors: González-Lorente Cristina
Published: October 2021

La inserción sociolaboral de los universitarios es un factor clave a efectos de planificar apropiadamente las políticas universitarias y las líneas de actuación a seguir. Es el desafío más importante de la universidad. Este trabajo analiza la interrelación que se establece entre competencias, satisfacción y predisposición a la movilidad laboral con la capacitación del alumnado para afrontar el proceso de inserción sociolaboral. Participan 1.328 estudiantes de último curso de Grado distribuidos en cuatro universidades mediante la cumplimentación del Cuestionario de Inserción y Orientación Laboral. A través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, los resultados muestran su idoneidad mediante los índices de bondad de ajuste y unas relaciones causales que influyen de manera significativa en la percepción que tiene el estudiante para enfrentarse al proceso de inserción.
Asignación de la custodia tras el divorcio diferencias y similitudes en el caso de disoluciones de parejas heterosexuales y homosexuales
Authors: Becerril Ruiz Diego , Jiménez Cabello José , García Moreno José Manuel
Published: October 2021

La asignación de la custodia es un ámbito de estudio cada vez más recurrente. La literatura muestra que el interés por esta temática se ha centrado, principalmente, en disoluciones de parejas heterosexuales.

El presente artículo pretende conocer, para el caso de España, cómo influyen determinadas variables sociales, y detectar posibles diferencias o similitudes en el caso de parejas heterosexuales y homosexuales. Se utiliza metodología cuantitativa con análisis descriptivo y multivariante, usando la Estadística de Nulidades, Separaciones y Divorcios (ENSD) del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). La conclusión principal es que la modalidad de custodia compartida está más presente en el caso de parejas homosexuales que en heterosexuales, siendo el número de hijos, la conflictividad en el proceso de divorcio y la comunidad autónoma (CC. AA.) claves para entender qué modalidad de custodia se asigna.
Nota Editorial
Authors: - Uninove (Publisher) Universidade Nove de Julho
Published: October 2021

A Revista Exacta preza pela originalidade dos artigos submetidos e publicados, como descrito em Diretrizes para autores (ver item 3), Condições de submissão (ver item 1), Política de Ética - Deveres dos Autores item: Publicações múltiplas, redundantes ou concorrentes. Expressa-se aqui a preocupação com o artigo publicado na edição de v. 19, jan./mar. 2021, título “Workforce management and vacation planning: a case study in bank branches” – traduzido para português: Gestão da força de trabalho e planejamento de férias: um estudo de caso em agências bancárias / autores: Marco Antonio Bonelli Junior, André Luiz Barbosa Lima, Alexandre Xavier Martins, ser similar e/ou reciclado, com o publicado em evento de 2019 – SPOLM -  título Gestão da força de trabalho e planejamento de férias: um estudo de caso em agências bancárias / autores: Marco Antonio Bonelli Junior, Cleber Damião Rocco, André Luiz Barbosa Lima. Os três autores do artigo da Revista Exacta foram contatados, expressaram suas respostas quanto às submissões no Evento e Revista Exacta, concluiu-se pela equipe editorial da Revista Exacta, a não observância pelos autores das Diretrizes da Revista, as quais foram aceitas ao realizarem a submissão em 02/08/2019. O fato de não ser citado em nossas Diretrizes sobre a publicação em eventos, não descaracteriza a falta de ineditismo do artigo publicado na revista em comparação ao do evento. Como Publisher, seguimos as recomendações do COPE, e após estudo e análise dessas, optamos por publicar esta Nota Editorial.Editora – PublisherUniversidade Nove de Julho – Uninove
2019 TOKYO DECLARATION
Authors: Appleyard James
Published: October 2021

As the Congress explored the nature of burnout among doctors and health professionals in differing settings and in different nations it is clear that burnout is a global phenomenon. An organizational paradigm changes to a person- and people-centered system that incorporates complexity, is adaptive and integrative is essential. Such a change will enable continuing medical education be effective and the current unaffordable and unnecessary waste of human resources that the Congress identified reduced. The Congress reviewed a range of features precipitating burnout including a dysfunctional work–life balance and a variety of relatively simple individually protective factors. It is because of this variety that person- and people-centered initiatives rather than narrowly based top-down management solutions will prove effective Individual-level actions can be taken to reduce stress and poor health symptoms through effective coping and promoting healthy behavior. But there needs to be a much better alignment between the health system and the individual physician so that there are shared professional values within a clear medical ethical framework [23] that encourages professional development and adaptation to the health service environment and health system.
Reflexões sobre a formação inicial de professores de Português como Língua Estrangeira/Segunda Língua (PLE/PL2) na Universidade Federal da Bahia em uma perspectiva culturalmente sensível
Authors: Cruz Sara Oliveira da
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa maior que teve como objetivo propor o blog como um ambiente favorável ao ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira/Segunda Língua (PLE/PL2) em uma perspectiva culturalmente sensível aos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas (CRUZ, 2019). A extensão universitária e os projetos institucionais da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), respectivamente o Núcleo Permanente de Extensão em Letras (NUPEL) e o Programa Especial de Monitoria de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PROEMPLE), são os contextos dessa investigação. Aqui, se discute a formação de professores(as) de PLE/PL2, em nível de graduação, na UFBA e a sua ancoragem em princípios voltados para uma formação culturalmente sensível de seus(suas) professores(as) (MENDES, 2020), a fim de evidenciar a importância de uma orientação teórico-pedagógica mais ativa, simétrica (e mais significativa) para os(as) professores(as) em formação, capaz de formar profissionais crítico-reflexivos (e culturalmente sensíveis), como foi defendido na referida pesquisa.
Formação inicial e continuada de professores de Português Língua Estrangeira/Segunda Língua no Brasil
Authors: Rocha Nildiceia Aparecida , Almeida Jessica Chagas de
Published: October 2021

Resenha de “Formação inicial e continuada de professores de português língua estrangeira/Segunda língua no Brasil”, que trata de uma coletânea de artigos organizada por Scaramucci e Bizon oferece um panorama no âmbito da formação inicial e continuada de professores de português língua estrangeira (PLE) e de português segunda língua (PSL ou PL2), envolvendo as quatro licenciaturas já institucionalizadas no Brasil e de outros programas importantes que dispõem de iniciativas de formação de professores. A compilação reúne textos de autores consolidados na área de PLE/PL2 no Brasil e internacionalmente. Quando nos referimos à “área de PLE/PL2”, remetemos à noção de um campo de saber, de conhecimento. Portanto, são professores, pesquisadores, agentes políticos de consolidação, divulgação e projeção desse campo de saber que, por sua vez, é fortalecido por tais iniciativas.
Ensino de português para falantes de outras línguas: múltiplas realidades, múltiplas necessidades
Authors: Barros Ev’Ângela Batista R. de , Furtoso Viviane Bagio
Published: October 2021

Falar em ensino de Língua Portuguesa (LP) a falantes de outras línguas de origem – sob variadas denominações e circunstâncias – como “língua de herança” (PLH), “língua de acolhimento” (PLAc), “língua estrangeira” (PLE), “língua adicional” (PLA), entre outras, é falar de complexa rede de aspectos inter-relacionados. Tais condicionantes se originam, em uma visão macro, de políticas linguísticas (pensadas e adotadas no bojo de outras, econômicas e culturais), cujos efeitos chegam ao microambiente das salas de aulas – presenciais ou virtuais – em que, concretamente, são atendidos os falantes de outros idiomas, tanto em países lusófonos – e, mais de perto, no Brasil – como em outros, nos quais esta língua se faz alvo de interesse como língua de integração, de interação, de negócios, de ciência e de muitas outras possibilidades de diálogo pluricultural. [...]
Essay-BR: a Brazilian Corpus of Essays
Authors: Marinho Jeziel C. , Anchiêta Rafael T. , Moura Raimundo S.
Published: October 2021

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) is the computer technology that evaluates and scores the written essays, aiming to provide computational models to grade essays automatically or with minimal human involvement. While there are several AES studies in a variety of languages, few of them are focused on the Portuguese language. The main reason is the lack of a corpus with manually graded essays. We create a large corpus with several essays written by Brazilian high school students on an online platform in order to bridge this gap. All of the essays are argumentative and were scored across five competences by experts. Moreover, we conducted an experiment on the created corpus and showed challenges posed by the Portuguese language. Our corpus is publicly available at https://github.com/rafaelanchieta/essay.
Efeitos associados da pandemia de COVID-19: uma comparação mundial do treinamento de corredores de longa distância em 2019 e 2020
Authors: Afonseca L. A. , Duarte M. , Watanabe R. N.
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, relatamos como o treinamento de corredores de longa distância foi afetado pela pandemia COVID-19. Por meio de web scraping, extraímos informações relacionadas à corrida registradas em todos os meses de 2019 e 2020 da plataforma Strava. Foram analisadas 10.703.690 atividades de 36.412 atletas de todo o mundo. Em 2020, relativamente a 2019, houve uma diminuição de 7% no volume de treinamento de corrida e de 7% do número de corredores. Também observamos grandes variações destas variáveis ao longo de 2020, chegando a 35% menos volume de corrida em setembro de 2020.
Motiro: a unified automatic framework for statistical analysis of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy videos of colorectal mucosa
Authors: Sabino Alan U. , Safatle-Ribeiro Adriana V. , Maluf-Filho Fauze , Ramos Alexandre F.
Published: October 2021

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicrocopy (pCLE) enables imaging the colorectal mucosa for screening and surveillance of cancer. Analyzing acquired videos relies on subjectivity of the endomicroscopists. Quantitative criteria are needed to enhance the diagnostics obtained using pCLE. We present Motiro, an automatic framework to extract features of the colorectal mucosa imaged by pCLE. Morphometric features of the crypts of the healthy colorectal mucosa are analysed and their variability quantified using the Shannon entropy. Hellinger distance compares the statistics of a morphometric parameter in multiple mucosas (or mucosas' regions). Quantification of variability of the healthy mucosa is a prerequisite for pCLE-based early diagnostics of colorectal cancer.
Role of Vitamin D in Preeclampsia
Authors: Kharb Simmi
Published: October 2021

Pathogenesis of preeclampsia involves immune dysfunction, placental implantation, abnormal angiogenesis, excessive inflammation, hypertension that may be affected by vitamin D. Human placenta expresses all the components for vitamin D signaling: Vitamin D receptor (VDR), retinoid X receptor (RXR), 1-alpha- hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24- hydroxylase (CYP24A1). Vitamin D binding protein plays a role in binding and transportation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2D3. Vitamin D is activated by 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) and 1-alpha -hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and is degraded by 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1). Vitamin D supplementation is not recommended by WHO for pregnant women and allows recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 200 IU (5 μg) per day. Further research requires serum 25(OH)D analysis and assessment of maternal and infant outcomes; pre-conceptional vitamin D status.
Teaching IIoT through Hands-on Activities
Authors: Sanchez Gustavo , Kataria Devika
Published: October 2021

This chapter describes a hands-on educational approach to teach Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), including activities like problem analysis, programming, testing and debugging. Students are given autonomy to propose and evaluate different solutions, using adequate tools and following best practices. In parallel, key competencies like team management, project planning, costing and time scheduling, are imbibed in students to prepare them to become deployable automation engineers. To illustrate the proposed approach, we elaborate on the experience gained from teaching an elective course to undergraduate engineering students, in terms of learning outcomes, methodology, assessment and feedback. This course was centered on the Node Red platform (based on Node.js), using hardware devices like Arduino Uno, Nano and Raspberry Pi. Sensors commonly used and protocols like Modbus RTU/TCP, OPC UA, MQTT are discussed in the framework of common industrial applications.
Grid Cells Lose Coherence in Realistic Environments
Authors: Luo Yifan , Toso Matteo , Si Bailu , Stella Federico , Treves Alessandro
Published: October 2021

Spatial cognition in naturalistic environments, for freely moving animals, may pose quite different constraints from that studied in artificial laboratory settings. Hippocampal place cells indeed look quite different, but almost nothing is known about entorhinal cortex grid cells, in the wild. Simulating our self-organizing adaptation model of grid cell pattern formation, we consider a virtual rat randomly exploring a virtual burrow, with feedforward connectivity from place to grid units and recurrent connectivity between grid units. The virtual burrow was based on those observed by John B. Calhoun, including several chambers and tunnels. Our results indicate that lateral connectivity between grid units may enhance their “gridness” within a limited strength range, but the overall effect of the irregular geometry is to disable long-range and obstruct short-range order. What appears as a smooth continuous attractor in a flat box, kept rigid by recurrent connections, turns into an incoherent motley of unit clusters, flexible or outright unstable.
Zeolites as Scaffolds for Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Fron Eduard
Published: October 2021

This chapter critically reviews the studies related to structural and photophysical properties of metal clusters within zeolites matrices and summarizes the progress made in understanding the host-guest interactions. The goal is to provide useful insight into the nature of such interactions and experiments used in identifying the excited state dynamics and the reaction mechanisms leading to the emitting species. Especially interesting are the combined experimental and computational approaches used to elucidate the structures and electronic transition of clusters inside the cavity. Although a number of excellent research articles have been published in the last years they only cover rather specific areas like organic photochemistry, confinement, charge transfer, theoretical modeling or photostimulated luminescence.
Faecoliths in Appendicitis: Does It Influence the Course and Treatment of the Disease in the Acute Setting?
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Rossi
Published: October 2021

Luminal obstruction has been widely considered as one of the major causes of appendicitis. Faecolith, in this case called appendicolith, is a hardened lump of faeces in varying sizes, have over the years been closely associated with appendicitis as a potential cause of luminal obstruction. There are varying opinions with regards to role of appendicolith in both uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis. While some authors have reported that the presence of appendicolith is a predictive factor for high failure rates, others are of the opinion that appendicolith does not necessarily predict non-operative treatment failure, and even if so, not as an independent factor. Opinions also seem to be divided on the correlation between complicated appendicitis and the presence of appendicolith. This chapter seeks to discuss the evidence available and attempt to clarify the controversies surrounding the role of appendicolith in acute appendicitis using current evidence available.
Retinal Vascular Implications of Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Jmor Fidan , C. Chen John
Published: October 2021

In this chapter, we review the basics of retinal vascular anatomy and discuss the physiologic process of retinal blood flow regulation. We then aim to explore the relationship between intraocular pressure and retinal circulation, taking into account factors that affect retinal hemodynamics. Specifically, we discuss the concepts of ocular perfusion pressure, baro-damage to the endothelium and transmural pressure in relation to the intraocular pressure. Finally, we demonstrate the inter-relationships of these factors and concepts in the pathogenesis of some retinal vascular conditions; more particularly, through examples of two common clinical pathologies of diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion.
Plenum a la Mode - Augmented Reality Fashions
Authors: Edwards Geoffreyjen , Caron-Roberge Jonathan , Michaud Dominique , Proulx Guimond Jonathan
Published: October 2021

Inspired by ideas portrayed in science fiction, the authors sought to develop a set of augmented reality fashions that showcased scenes from a science fiction novel recently published by the principal author. The development team included artists and designers, a programmer, and the writer. Significant technical challenges needed to be overcome for success, including fabric construction and manipulation, image enhancement, robust image recognition and tracking capabilities, and the management of lighting and suitable backgrounds. Viewing geometries were also a non-trivial problem. The final solution permitted acceptable but not perfect real-time tracking of the fashion models and the visualization of both static and dynamic 3D elements overlaid onto the physical garments.
Utilization of Agro-Industrial Wastes as Edible Coating and Films for Food Packaging Materials
Authors: Choudhary Urmila , Kumar Bhinchhar Basant , Kumar Paswan Vinod , Kharkwal Sheela , Prakash Yadav Satya , Singh Prity
Published: October 2021

Mostly, food packaging employs synthetic materials obtained from nonrenewable sources. These packaging materials are based on petrochemicals and cause substantial environmental problems by producing massive amounts of non-biodegradable solid wastes. Edible coatings and films are considered as the potential solution to these problems of non-biodegradable packaging solid wastes for maintaining food-environment interactions, retaining food quality, and extending shelf life. In addition, edible coatings and films offer prevention from microbial spoilage of packed foods by controlling moisture and gas barrier characteristics. Increasing environmental concerns and consumer demands for high-quality eco-friendly packaging have fueled the advancement of innovative packaging technologies, for instance, the development of biodegradable films from renewable agricultural and food processing industry wastes. Therefore, the current chapter presents the application of edible coatings and films as an alternative to conventional packaging, emphasizing the fundamental characterization that these biodegradable packaging should hold for specific applications such as food preservation and shelf life enhancement. The primary employed components (e.g., biopolymers, bioactive, and additives components), manufacturing processes (for edible films or coatings), and their application to specific foods have all been given special consideration in this chapter. Besides, a future vision for the use of edible films and coatings as quality indicators for perishable foods is presented.
A High Fidelity Transmural Anisotropic Ventricular Tissue Model Function to Investigate the Interaction Mechanisms of Drug: An In-Silico Model for Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Jayaraman Srinivasan , Kirthi Priya Ponnuraj
Published: October 2021

A high fidelity transmural anisotropic ventricular tissue model consisting of endocardial, mid myocardial, and epicardial myocytes were configured to investigate drug interaction, such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), under hypoxia conditions without and with pro-arrhythmic comorbidity like hypokalemia in (a) ventricular tissue b) its arrhythmogenesis for different dosages and (b) two different pacing sequences (Normal and tachycardiac). In-silico ventricular modeling indicates HCQ has an insignificant effect on hypoxia with and without comorbidities, except in the combination of mild hypoxia with moderate hypokalemia condition and severe hypoxia with mild hypokalemia where it initiated a re-entrant arrhythmia. Secondly, incorporating drug dosage variations indicates the 10 μM HCQ created PVCs for all settings except in severe hypoxia conditions where re-entrant arrhythmia occurred. In addition to the dosage of HCQ utilized for treatment, the pacing protocol also influences the appearance of re-entrant arrhythmia only for severe hypoxia with 10 μM HCQ dosage alone. For all other conditions, including tachycardiac pacing protocol, no arrhythmia occurred. These findings infer that the arrhythmic fatality rate due to HCQ treatment for hypoxia can be effectively alleviated by subtly altering or personalizing the dosage of HCQ and aid in the treatment of hypoxia-induced symptoms caused by COVID.
Uma Defesa do Argumento de Marquis Contra o Aborto
Authors: Galvão Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

The main aim of this essay is to defend Don Marquis’s “future-like-ours“ argument against abortion from David Boonin’s recent critique to it. In the first two sections I show that Marquis’s FLO argument is much more plausible than the traditional argument against abortion, grounded on an appeal to the humanity of the fetus. The third section explains Boonin’s critique to the FLO argument. In the last section I show that: (1) Boonin’s critique rests on a misunderstanding conceming the content of Marquis’s moral principle; (2) We can restate Boonin’s position in order to avoid that misunderstanding, but such restatement leads to the (unacceptable) conclusion that infanticide, and not only abortion, is morally permissible.
Ética e Consciência
Authors: Pereira Arêdes José de Almeida ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

This reflection on ethics has starting point problem: the authenticity. What does one understand by authenticity in human life? Will not authenticity be a beautiful dream, a wandering of philosophers? Our everyday experience fully shows the use of the mask. So, we can ask ourselves: 1) Why should it be otherwise? 2) Could it be otherwise? 3) Which means should one use so that it is otherwise? There seem to exist in nature and history three forces in continuous fight: 1st) the ones that cause the misfortune that now we experience. 2nd) the ones that impel us to refuse the misfortune, that is, the ones that motivate us in search of happiness. The 3rd is, perhaps, our voluntary and conscious contribution to awakening. So our problem is not - what must I do?, but - how must I be? The difference has to do with the basic difference between morality and ethics and has roots in our history. My proposal suggests that it is not enough that we dream or desire to act well to actually act well. It is necessary that we have knowledge (of ourselves and the others) and that we have power, mainly on ourselves. However, our experience shows how fragile is the knowledge that we possess of ourselves (and so refusing the well-known socratic invitation “know thyself") and how fragile is that power, because we are constantly carried along by what we do not want to do (and so we ignore Lao Dzi’s lesson “the one that wins the others is strong; but the one that wins himself is really powerful"). But there is more: though we do what we want, who is it in ourselves that wants what we want? Thus, a practical inquiry on ourselves seems primordial in order to verify which forces act in us and, eventually, to start trying to understand them and to guide them in a more beneficial direction for all the community of living beings of the planet that we inhabit together. Being so, ethics is not only a set of theoretical principles, but over all a set of exercises, guided by a knowledge, that could be able to lead us to a different way of being.
Psicologia e Moral em Descartes
Authors: Cardoso Adelino ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Ce travail vise à poser la continuité entre la psychologie et la morale ainsi qu’à reconnaît re la discontinuité entre celle-ci et la physique dans la pensée cartésienne. En effet, la détermination de la volonté consiste en un processus qui se déploie sur un fond de passivité. Car la liberté recèle des degrés qui vont de l’indétermination pure du libre arbitre jusqu’à l’inclination infaillible vers tel ou tel acte: l’inclination n’affaiblit ni la puissance de la volonté ni la liberté du sujet moral; tout au contraire elle les accroît. Le sage cartésien n’aspire donc pas à annihiler ses passions, il s’attache plutôt à les régler et à les investir afin d’atteindre la perfection, laquelle perfection s’avère indissociable de l’excès. Dépourvu de tout objet déterminé, le désir, pour sa part, constitue le ressort de cette régulation en ce sens qu’il renforce ou atténue chacune des autres passions.
As Dialécticas de Aristóteles
Authors: Portocarrero de Almada Gonçalo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

In Aristotle’s thought, dialectic results not only from a consolidated historical-philosophical tradition, but also from his own original conception of the virtualities of speech in general, as well as those of the philosophical and scientific speech in particular. In this essay I try to describe synthetically the history of the pre-aristotelic dialectic, and to draw up an inventory of the various acceptions that dialectic takes in the works of the Stagirite. It is possible to identify four dialectics in Aristotle, that is to say, four levels of application of the language and knowledge theory that the Stagirite develops in the Topics and other logic treaties. In its critic - or peirastic - dimension Aristotle’s dialectic seems, mainly as praxis of contradiction, somehow to reach the universality proper to sapiential knowledge.
O Lugar da Física na Obra de Aristóteles
Authors: Belo Fernando ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Il s’agit d’abord d’éclairer le motif d'ousia, à partir de trois principes qui rendent possible de comprendre le mouvement des vivants, les étants qui le sont «par eux-mêmes», puis selon les quatre sens du «motif» qui donne ce mouvement et enfin selon la pair dunamis / entelecheia. Ensuite, on considère son double rapport au temps, celui qui le lie au mouvement et celui qui l’oppose aux accidents, rapport qui a été masqué dans la traduction latine des deux sens d'ousia dans les Catégories par substance et essence respectivement, devenues ‘intemporelles’. Dans une deuxième partie, on pose la question de la place de la Physique d’Aristote (qui s’occupe de l’être de l’étant en tant que se mouvant) dans l’ensemble de son oeuvre : c’est en elle qui sont définis et argumentés ces motifs, lesquels, d’une part, rendent possibles ses divers traités scientifiques et, d’autre part, sont repris dans les livres de la Métaphysique (s’occupant de l’être de l’étant en tant qu’étant). La Physique est ainsi l’une et l’autre, une philosophie - avec - sciences. Les considérations finales concernent la façon dont, à travers nommément d’Aquin et d’Occam, l’infidélité à Aristote de l’aristotélisme médiéval et européen a rendu possible que la pensée européenne se fasse à partir de lui et contre lui.
Movens Immobile e ‘O Deus’ no Livro a da Metafísica de Aristóteles
Authors: Braga Falcão Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Book Lambda of the Metaphysics by Aristotle presents us a mysterious expression: τὁ κινοὒν άκίνητον, which most of the translators render as the Unmoved Mover. Our aim is to prove that that translation is false, because it is not aware, in our view, of the difference established by Aristotle between “the god” and this movens immobile. Therefore, based on excerpts of Metaphysics Book Lambda we try to set light upon two different styles (grammatically, syntactically speaking, etc.) used by Aristotle: one when referring to an abstract principle (the so called “unmoved mover”), a physical explanation for the movement, and another when talking about “the god”. In the last case it is possible to experience a somehow passionate description, almost an expression of faith which compared to that “ cold” movens immobilis, makes us wonder if, as tradition suggests without questioning, “the god” and movens immobilis are for the philosopher the same being.
A Constituição dos Europeus
Authors: Sá Luís Portugal Viana de ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

In this paper, making use of the constitutional comparison method introduced by Aristotle, I aim to argue on the similarities and differences that can be established between, on the one hand, the process that led to the approval of the American Federal Constitution and its consequences and, on the other hand, the process of approval and respective consequences of the Treaty that establishes a Constitution for Europe. To accomplish the aforementioned aim I have used criteria such as the relation ship between federated States and the federal central power, the acquisition of citizenship, the possibility of secession, the checks and balances’ system, the relationship between the Constitution and other laws and the extent of federal integration. The most recent European Union political process is looked into, in the light of issues related to philosophy, law and political science. The standpoint is that Europeans could learn from the complex and contradictory process that occurred more than two centuries ago, as well as from the thought contained in the vast literature produced at the time. Many of the questions and issues that confront Europe nowadays have already been raised and discussed and we should be looking at the different answers they provided, thus enriching our current choices, and improving our decision making process.
Questões de Teodiceia na Cultura Ocidental
Authors: Correia Carlos João ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the philosophical conflict arisen by theodicy in western culture. After the exposition of Simon Blackburn and Richard Swinbume’s contentions views, we sustain that the only credible solution to the problem entails a new philosophical concept of God based on a non-anthropocentric vision of reality.
The case for community-based approaches to integrated governance of climate change and health: perspectives from Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oni Tolu , Lawanson Taibat , Mogo Ebele
Published: October 2021

In many low- and middle-income countries, urbanisation and urban development are characterised by hazards that conspire with climatic risks and socio-economic vulnerability to influence population health inequality now and in the future. A large part of the epidemiological profile across countries in the �Global South�, has been influenced by a rapid rate of urbanisation and interlinked factors such as climate and ecology. This necessitates an integrated approach to governance for health and climate change. Through three case studies in Lagos, we explore real-life examples that demonstrate these interdependencies, noting approaches taken and missed opportunities. We conclude by reflecting on these experiences, as well as historical examples of comprehensive systems approaches to health, to propose a community-oriented model for integrated climate change and health action in rapidly growing cities.