bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistemas de información desarrollo interno vs. compra de paquetes
Authors: Espinoza Guido Sergio
Published: November 2022

No es tarea fácil saber cuándo y cómo comprar desarrollar una aplicación al interno o abocarse a la compra de un paquete que desempeñe la misma labor; desde hace mucho tiempo todas las personas involucradas en este proceso han discutido hasta la saciedad, para determinar cuál opción es la mejor y las más válida; este proceso desgastante y desmotivante no ha sido de gran ayuda, ya que ambos criterios son válidos siempre y cuando se apliquen los elementos que ayuden a tomar la decisión.
Los cuadros gerenciales en la administración pública: un segundo acercamiento sobre capacitación, formación y otras cuestiones
Authors: Bolaños Garita Rolando
Published: November 2022

Los cuadros gerenciales pertenecientes a la Administración a la fecha no logran desempeñarse adecuadamente, sea por cuestiones de nombramiento político, formación académica, capacitación, actualización de conocimiento y(o) desarrollo de competencias. No obstante, existe un altísimo nivel de responsabilidad en los desaciertos antes indicados, el cual debe ser endilgado directamente al ápice jerárquico gubernativo, por cuanto no se vislumbran ánimos o estrategias de orden técnico-legal por solventar la situación planteada, muy a pesar de que existe toda una gama de herramientas ya dispuestas para arribar a soluciones integrales, y más importante, de carácter totalmente autóctono.
La transparencia presupuestaria en Costa Rica en el período 2003-2009
Authors: Palma Rodríguez Carlos
Published: November 2022

Este articulo analiza los principales resultados del estudio sobre la transparencia de los presupuestos públicos de Costa Rica y una evolución de los principales atributos que la conforman, en el periodo 2003-2009, como un elemento relevante, dentro de la nueva concepción de la Gestión Pública. La visión moderna de incorporar a la ciudadanía como un actor más dentro del proceso de las políticas públicas, nos obliga a desarrollar nuevos modelos presupuestarios, para lograr una administración pública, eficiente, eficaz, controlable y más democrática. El estudio resalta que el país avanza en valorar cada vez los atributos de la transparencia, pero refleja areas críticas, sobre la participación ciudadana en el presupuesto, rendición de cuentas y en la asignación de los presupuestos públicos.
Calidad en la gestión: administración por procesos, costeo por actividades y el cuadro de mando integral
Authors: Ugalde Binda Nadia
Published: November 2022

La competencia mundial ha impulsado a las compañías a evaluar sus procesos internos y tener una claridad absoluta en sus operaciones. La literatura apunta, entre otras cosas, al uso de sistemas de información consolidados y estratégicos junto con la administración por procesos (BPM). Dos de los sistemas de información más conocidos son el costeo ABC (Activity Based Costing) y el cuadro de mando integral (Balance Scored Card). Así, el objetivo de esta investigación teórica es establecer la forma en la cual el ABC, el BSC, y el BPM son complementarios y sintetizar sus contribuciones principales.
Frontera tecnológica y eficiencia técnica sectorial en México: un análisis envolvente de datos
Authors: Becerril-Torres Osvaldo U. , Álvarez Ayuso Inmaculada C. , Vergara González Reyna , Del Moral Barrera Laura E.
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la frontera tecnológica y la eficiencia técnica sectorial de México. La metodología empleada es el Data Envelopment Analysis. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, que los sectores relacionados con la agricultura, minería, manufacturas, servicios financieros, profesionales y corporativos, son totalmente eficientes bajo rendimientos variables a escala mientras que bajo rendimientos constantes se excluye el sector 11; la media de eficiencia es de 0.71 bajo rendimientos variables y 0.64 bajo rendimientos constantes a escala, por lo que existe la posibilidad de mejorar el output en aproximadamente un 30% haciendo mejor uso del capital y el empleo.
Healing, Disease and Placebo in Graeco-Roman Asclepius Temples: A Neurocognitive Approach By O. Panagiotidou (2022)
Authors: Robertson Paul
Published: November 2022

Healing, Disease and Placebo in Graeco-Roman Asclepius Temples: A Neurocognitive Approach By O. Panagiotidou (2022) Sheffield and Bristol: Equinox, xiii + 213pp, 10 figures.
The Statistical Analysis of the Security for a Wireless Communication System with a Beaulieu-Xie Shadowed Fading Model Channel
Authors: Gvozdarev Aleksey , Artemova Tatiana , Patralov Pavel , Murin Dmitriy
Published: November 2022

The paper considers the problem of a wireless communication system’s physical level security for a multipath signal propagation channel and the presence of a wiretap channel. To generalize the propagation effects, the Beaulieu-Xie shadowed channel model was assumed. To describe the security of the information transfer process, such a metric as the secure outage probability of was considered. An analytical expression of the secure outage probability was obtained and analyzed depending on the characteristics of the channel and the communication system: the average value of the signal-to-noise ratio in the main channel and the wiretap channel, the effective path-loss exponent, the relative distance between the legitimate receiver and the wiretap and the threshold bandwidth, normalized to the bandwidth of a smooth Gaussian channel. The analysis considers the sets of parameters that cover all practically important scenarios for the functioning of a wireless communication systems: both deep fading (corresponding to the hyper-Rayleigh scenario) and small fading, both in the case of a significant line-of-sight component and a significant number of multipath clusters, and with significant shadowing of the dominant component and a small number of multipath waves, as well as all intermediate options. It is found out that the value of the energy requirements for guaranteed secure communication at a given speed is determined primarily by the power of multipath components, as well as the existence of an irreducible secure outage probability of a communication session with an increase for channels with strong overall shadowing of the signal components, which from a practical point of view is important to take into account when imposing requirements for the values of the signal-to-noise ratio and the data transfer rate in the direct channel, providing the desired degree of security of the wireless communication session.
Analysis of infoware and software for human affective states recognition
Authors: Dvoynikova Anastasia , Markitantov Maxim , Ryumina Elena , Uzdiaev Mikhail , Velichko Alena , Ryumin Dmitry , Lyakso Elena , Karpov Alexey
Published: November 2022

The article presents an analytical review of research in the affective computing field. This research direction is a component of artificial intelligence, and it studies methods, algorithms and systems for analyzing human affective states during interactions with other people, computer systems or robots. In the field of data mining, the definition of affect means the manifestation of psychological reactions to an exciting event, which can occur both in the short and long term, and also have different intensity. The affects in this field are divided into 4 types: affective emotions, basic emotions, sentiment and affective disorders. The manifestation of affective states is reflected in verbal data and non-verbal characteristics of behavior: acoustic and linguistic characteristics of speech, facial expressions, gestures and postures of a person. The review provides a comparative analysis of the existing infoware for automatic recognition of a person’s affective states on the example of emotions, sentiment, aggression and depression. The few Russian-language, affective databases are still significantly inferior in volume and quality compared to electronic resources in other world languages. Thus, there is a need to consider a wide range of additional approaches, methods and algorithms used in a limited amount of training and testing data, and set the task of developing new approaches to data augmentation, transferring model learning and adapting foreign-language resources. The article describes the methods of analyzing unimodal visual, acoustic and linguistic information, as well as multimodal approaches for the affective states recognition. A multimodal approach to the automatic affective states analysis makes it possible to increase the accuracy of recognition of the phenomena compared to single-modal solutions. The review notes the trend of modern research that neural network methods are gradually replacing classical deterministic methods through better quality of state recognition and fast processing of large amount of data. The article discusses the methods for affective states analysis. The advantage of multitasking hierarchical approaches is the ability to extract new types of knowledge, including the influence, correlation and interaction of several affective states on each other, which potentially leads to improved recognition quality. The potential requirements for the developed systems for affective states analysis and the main directions of further research are given.
Minor psychiatric disorders and the work context of Civil Police: a mixed method study
Authors: Tavares Juliana Petri , Mendonça Viviane Gallon , Vieira Lizandra Santos , Guimarães Roberta Sofia Wiebling , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Machado Wagner de Lara , Pai Daiane Dal
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between the work context and the presence of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) in Civil Police officers from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: This is a mixed, sequential and exploratory study. The sample was constituted by 237 police officers for the quantitative stage, and 20 for the qualitative stage. General worker's data, lifestyle and information about the work were asked, and the Self-Report Questionnaire-20 instrument was applied. In the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis were carried out. For quantitative data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: The prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders was 26.2% (n = 62). Accelerated work pace (PR = 1.535; 95%CI = 0.911-2.605), health treatment (PR = 1.752; 95%CI = 0.987-3.010) and psychological treatment (PR = 2.704; 95%CI = 1.604-4.516) were associated with a higher prevalence of MPD. While, police officers with the following characteristics: most motivation at work (PR = 0.721; 95%CI = 0.579-0.897), more eight hours of sleep per day (PR = 0.747; 95%CI = 0.574-0.971), healthy eating (PR = 0.545; 95%CI = 0.320-0.946) and having children (PR = 0.731; 95%CI = 0.523-0.986) were associated with a lower prevalence of MPD. In the qualitative stage, two categories and four subcategories emerged related to the work context and the psychiatric changes in the police officers: “Work context of the Civil Police” and “Work and psychiatric changes”. Conclusion: A high prevalence of MPDs was evidenced, as well as their association with the work context.
Fatores demográficos e socioambientais associados à insegurança alimentar domiciliar nos diferentes territórios da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Coutinho Giselle Ramos , Santos Sandra Maria Chaves dos , Gama Cíntia Mendes , Silva Silvana Oliveira da , Santos Maria Elisabete Pereira dos , Silva Natanael de Jesus
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar a prevalência da insegurança alimentar domiciliar em diferentes territórios da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, e analisar fatores demográficos e socioambientais a ela associados. Os dados utilizados são de uma pesquisa maior denominada Qualidade do Ambiente Urbano de Salvador - QUALISalvador, realizada entre 2018 e 2020 em Salvador. A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Foram analisados 15.171 domicílios. Modelos de regressão logística multinominal foram utilizados para analisar a associação de variáveis demográficas e socioambientais com insegurança alimentar leve (IAL) e moderada ou grave (IAMG), para Salvador e macrozonas. Salvador apresentou 40,96% de insegurança alimentar. Nas macrozonas, as prevalências se diferenciaram: Orla Atlântica (25,8%), Área Urbana Consolidada (33%), Subúrbio (45,7%) e Miolo (47,9%). Todos os fatores analisados apresentaram associação com IAL e/ou IAMG no modelo para Salvador, entre eles estão o responsável pelo domicílio ter escolaridade ≤ 4 anos (IAL: OR = 2,00; IC95%: 1.61-2,47/IAMG: OR = 4,94; IC95%: 3,83-6,35), renda familiar per capita de até 1/2 salário mínimo (IAL: OR = 2,62; IC95%: 2,37-2,93/IAMG: OR = 4,03; IC95%: 3,53-4,60), percepção sobre a qualidade do ambiente urbano como ruim (IAL: OR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,36-1,81/IAMG: OR = 2,03; IC95%: 1,73-2,38), com maior prevalência de insegurança alimentar em cenários de pior situação sociodemográfica. Na macrozona Miolo todos os fatores também se mantiveram associados à insegurança alimentar. Assim, os fatores de vulnerabilidade social estão associados à insegurança alimentar na capital e macrozonas, mas apresentam-se de formas especificas segundo características de cada território.
Obscuridade metodológica: um mapeamento da formação em métodos na pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais e áreas afins no Brasil
Authors: Albuquerque Rodrigo Barros de , Mesquita Rafael , Lira Brito Renato Victor
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Levantamentos da produção científica sul-americana diagnosticaram uma “obscuridade metodológica” no campo das Relações Internacionais: apenas a minoria dos artigos publicados explicita seu método de pesquisa. Diante desse quadro, o objetivo deste artigo é mapear o treinamento em métodos na formação de internacionalistas para averiguar a relação entre ensino e consciência metodológica. Analisamos os currículos de 30 cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Relações Internacionais e áreas afins em 15 universidades brasileiras, nos níveis de mestrado e doutorado. Dentre os 30 cursos, 90% ofereciam uma ou mais disciplinas de métodos, ocupando cerca de 30% da carga horária. Embora este montante não tenha superado o problema da obscuridade metodológica, nota-se que o campo está consolidando um núcleo curricular de metodologia política, compartilhado com a Ciência Política.
Living in the city and producing in the countryside: the growth of a new type of farmer and agriculture in Brazil
Authors: Fiúza Ana Louise de Carvalho , Carvalho Angelita Alves de , Pinto Neide Maria de Almeida
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Living in rural neighborhoods has always been a characteristic of small and medium-sized Brazilian farmers. However, when observing the agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2017, carried out in Brazil, there is a tendency to separate the place of work and residence of farmers. This articleanalyzed the double residence and the phenomenon of pendular displacement of farmers in the municipalities of Zona da Mata Mineira (ZMM), an important coffee region in Minas in Brazil, and to discuss its possible causes and impacts in the region. The research used data from the 2006 and 2017 Agricultural Censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression models in order to better understand the factors that correlate with the percentage of owners living in cities in the municipalities of region. The results showed that, in the case of the ZMM, the growth of urban residence of farmers more expressive than the other regions of the country is mainly due to the predominance of small coffee producers. Furthermore, living in the city does not mean abandoning agricultural establishments, since living in the city does not prevent daily work in the countryside. It was concluded that the urban residence of the farmers constituted a reproductive strategy that made it possible for them to carry out other activities as well as the receipt of retirement and pensions that complement the agricultural income and, consequently, the maintenance of the agricultural establishment.
Nile tilapia nursery feeding management in a biofloc system
Authors: Silva Bruno Corrêa da , Rosa Karolina Victória , Massago Haluko , Serafini Raphael de Leão , Vieira Felipe do Nascimento
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has an opportunistic omnivorous feeding behavior and studies have demonstrated the consumption of microorganisms by the species from bioflocs, especially in the early phases of life. One may thus assume that when reared in biofloc systems, there may be a reduction in the feeding rates in the Nile tilapia nursery system when compared to the ponds. This study evaluated the effects of different feeding management options in Nile tilapia nurseries in a biofloc system. A total of 700 fingerlings (2.37 ± 0.55 g) were stocked in 20 experimental units (100 L) and inoculated with mature biofloc for the evaluation of five different feeding management options. After 49 days, it was observed that the higher feed rates caused an increase in nitrogen compounds and solids in the water, worsening the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, the excess feed supplied to the tilapia in the biofloc caused a reduction in the utilization of protein nitrogen, an increase in the liver and visceral fat, in addition to an increase in the production of solids and consumption of alkalinizer by fish biomass. On the other hand, low feeding rates cause a decrease in the growth and uniformity of the tilapia juveniles. Taking the results into consideration, it is recommended to use the feed management option proposed in treatment TC (26% below the highest feed rate) in the tilapia nursery in the biofloc system.
Diagnóstico e manejo de isquemia aguda de membro em paciente pós infecção viral por covid-19: série de casos
Authors: Teixeira Jamisson Garrote , Pitta Guilherme Benjamin Brandão , Silva Cézar Ronaldo Alves da , Teixeira Lucigl Regueira , Panazzolo Gregório Luís Guarnieri , Sampaio Joaquim Araújo , Sousa Anna Karoline Rocha de , Moura Claubiano Cipriano
Published: November 2022

Resumo A pandemia causada pela doença do coronavírus 2019 (covid-19) estabeleceu desafios e estimulou o desenvolvimento de diferentes formas terapêuticas em várias áreas médicas. Estudos descreveram características clínicas e desfechos de pacientes, incluindo desordens do sistema de coagulação, em que os pacientes infectados pelo vírus apresentam um estado de hipercoagulabilidade e pró-inflamatório que mimetiza uma vasculite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o quadro clínico e a terapia empregada em uma série de três pacientes que evoluíram com quadro de oclusão arterial aguda no período pós-infecção por covid-19. O manejo aplicado nesses casos permitiu que os pacientes evoluíssem sem sequelas. A baixa incidência e a pobreza em relatos descritos tornam difícil o estabelecimento de critérios e opções terapêuticas universalmente aceitos nos casos de isquemia, seja precoce ou tardia, dos pacientes infectados pelo novo coronavírus.
Reactive treponemal and non-treponemal tests in pregnant women and associated factors
Authors: Reis Amanda Ribeiro de Paula , Duarte Geraldo , Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves , Reis Renata Karina , Silva Ana Cláudia Rabelo e , Gir Elucir
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the rate of reactive treponemal and non-treponemal tests in pregnant women during childbirth and to analyze the factors associated with this seroreactivity. Method: this is a cross-sectional, quantitative study with secondary sources of sociodemographic and clinical data on 2,626 pregnant women treated at a public maternity hospital in the interior of São Paulo, in 2020. For statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test and the logistic regression model were used. A difference of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: the rate of seropositivity for syphilis among pregnant women in this series was 2.74%. Among the groups with positive and non-reactive tests, marital status, occupation, place of residence and use of licit drugs indicated significant differences, but, in the final model, only unmarried marital status was associated with reactive tests (Odds Ratio: 0.169; Confidence Interval: 0.04–0.72; and p: 0.016). Conclusion: in this study, unmarried marital status was the only independent factor associated with seroreactivity for syphilis. Therefore, it is necessary to create strategies aimed at women in this condition, potentially reducing the rate of congenital syphilis.
Testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos reagentes em gestantes e fatores associados
Authors: Reis Amanda Ribeiro de Paula , Duarte Geraldo , Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves , Reis Renata Karina , Silva Ana Cláudia Rabelo e , Gir Elucir
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a taxa de testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos reagentes em gestantes no período do parto e analisar os fatores associados a essa sororreatividade. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, com fontes secundárias de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos de 2.626 gestantes atendidas em uma maternidade pública do interior paulista, em 2020. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os Testes Exato de Fisher, de Mann-Whitney e o modelo de regressão logística. Considerou-se diferença com significância estatística valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: a taxa de soropositividade para sífilis entre gestantes nesta casuística foi de 2,74%. Entre os grupos com testes reagentes e não reagentes à situação maritária, ocupação, local da residência e uso de drogas lícitas indicaram diferenças significantes, mas, no modelo final, apenas a situação marital não casada apresentou associação com os testes reagentes (Odds Ratio: 0,169; Intervalo de Confiança: 0,04–0,72; e p: 0,016). Conclusão neste estudo, a situação maritária não casada foi o único fator independente associado à sororreatividade para a sífilis. Por isso, faz-se necessária a criação de estratégias voltadas para mulheres nessa condição, potencialmente reduzindo a taxa de sífilis congênita.
História do (e no) Pensamento Social: estratégias teórico-metodológicas para uma releitura do paradigma racial em Nina Rodrigues (1880-1906)
Authors: Monteiro Filipe Pinto
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Habitualmente trata-se da obra do médico e antropólogo Raimundo Nina Rodrigues como uma espécie de arquétipo do racismo científico, corrente que predominou nos círculos intelectuais brasileiros na virada do século XIX para o XX. As implicações dessa leitura seguem até hoje informando sobre as ideias vitais de um “homem de sciencias”, intérprete do Brasil, figura indispensável na tradição autoritária do Pensamento Social Brasileiro. Tendo como partida a multiplicidade de abordagens desse domínio específico das Ciências Humanas e Sociais - mas privilegiando o fazer historiográfico que o mesmo acolhe -, temos por objetivo aclarar os estratagemas teórico-metodológicos mobilizados em prol de uma releitura da obra rodrigueana. A ideia é deslocar o foco de um discurso único e exclusivamente fatalista e fixista - predominante até os dias atuais - para outro mais complexo, que foge ao determinismo racial e se apropria de outros conteúdos paradigmáticos da época - em especial o evolucionismo-social e a sociologia tardiana. A presente proposta tem por objetivo uma nova interpretação dos escritos rodrigueanos, autor que acomodou ideias, autores e conceitos que divergiam dos cânones raciais-darwinistas (excessivamente atrelados ao mesmo), mas não menos discriminatórios.
Relação entre atividade física, sentimento de incapacidade e qualidade de vida em pacientes com disfunção vestibular periférica
Authors: Silveira Rafaela Menezes Guilherme , Nascimento Gizele Francisco Ferreira do , Diniz Junior José , Mantello Erika Barioni
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a associação entre o sentimento de incapacidade autorrelatada e a prática de atividade física com o impacto dos sintomas vestibulares sobre a qualidade de vida em pacientes com disfunção vestibular. Métodos: estudo documental, analítico, transversal e retrospectivo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (parecer 4.462.519), no qual foram selecionados 50 prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com disfunção vestibular periférica, analisada anamnese e os resultados do questionário Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Resultados: a amostra obteve média de idade de 55.38 anos e predomínio do sexo feminino (70%). O DHI evidenciou impacto moderado da tontura. Os pacientes que praticavam atividade física perceberam um menor impacto da doença (p-valor=0.0167) e, os pacientes que apresentavam sentimento de incapacidade, devido aos sintomas vestibulares, tiveram maior prejuízo na qualidade de vida (p-valor=0.0468). Conclusão: houve associação entre a prática de atividade física com o menor prejuízo da tontura na qualidade de vida e associação entre um maior impacto na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que apresentavam sentimento de incapacidade relacionado às queixas vestibulares.
Escravidão e as fundações da ordem constitucional moderna: representação, cidadania, soberania, c. 1780-c. 1830
Authors: Parron Tâmis
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Este artigo, redigido no campo da história conceitual, examina a relação entre a escravidão negra e os três conceitos políticos fundamentais do liberalismo na Era das Revoluções: representação, cidadania e soberania. Seu propósito é avaliar o peso do escravismo na organização constitucional do poder público no Brasil depois da Independência de 1822. Embora diversos estudos tenham avaliado a importância da escravidão para as fundações políticas do Brasil, com foco ora na construção da unidade nacional, ora na opção pela monarquia, as relações conceituais entre escravidão e ordem constitucional ainda permanecem pouco exploradas na historiografia. Como a história constitucional de um país é sempre parte de uma história global do constitucionalismo, este artigo explora o problema procedendo a uma história conceitual comparada das experiências constituintes escravistas atlânticas em cinco espaços políticos: Estados Unidos (1787), França (1789-1791), Espanha (1810-1812), Portugal (1821-1822) e Brasil (1823-1824).
O moralista do Império
Authors: França Jean Marcel Carvalho , Ferreira Ricardo Alexandre
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O artigo aborda uma personagem relativamente discreta, mas muito presente no processo de Independência e de construção do Brasil independente: Mariano José Pereira da Fonseca, o marquês de Maricá. Interessa aqui, sobretudo, analisar a vida e a formação do marquês, bem como as linhas gerais das suas reflexões morais e o lugar que ocupou na sociedade brasileira da primeira metade do Oitocentos a sua única obra: a Coleção completa das máximas, pensamentos e reflexões do marquês de Maricá, um guia moral que, como se procurará demonstrar, gozou de grande prestígio entre o público da época - de leitores de jornais, livros e revistas a consumidores de “folhinhas” enriquecidas com as máximas do marquês - e teve um papel nada desprezível na sua formação.
Agrarismo e industrialismo na Assembleia Constituinte de 1823: um debate sobre o futuro do Brasil
Authors: Figueiredo Alexandre Ganan de Brites , Gremaud Amaury Patrick
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Este artigo examina as raízes históricas do que considera ser um importante debate sobre a identidade do Brasil nos marcos do pensamento econômico: o país teria uma natural vocação agrícola, dotada de vantagens comparativas, ou deveria investir na diversificação estrutural e industrializar-se? Argumenta-se que essa é uma questão presente já no momento da Independência e que debates já existiam em Portugal desde o século XVIII. Analisam-se os debates travados na Assembleia Constituinte de 1823 quanto à concessão ou não de benefícios tributários às fábricas de ferro. Por um lado, os “agraristas” defenderam a primazia agrícola, enquanto os “industrialistas” argumentam a favor da ação estatal no estímulo à atividade industrial. Procura-se demonstrar, assim, a existência de concepções diferentes para o futuro econômico do país que ecoam pelos 200 anos de vida independente.
Terras marcadas: continuidades e descontinuidades na luta pela terra em Minas Gerais
Authors: Zangelmi Arnaldo José
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O artigo discute os conflitos em torno de determinadas terras em Minas Gerais, no intuito de compreender algumas formas de mobilização e memórias que possibilitaram a rearticulação dessas lutas, especialmente entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980. Trata-se das disputas pela Fazenda do Ministério (Governador Valadares-MG) e por Cachoeirinha (Varzelândia-MG), ambas de caráter emblemático na luta pela reforma agrária no estado. Refletindo sobre as especificidades e semelhanças entre esses dois processos, busca-se compreender a variedade e a complexidade dessas mobilizações, assim como alguns de seus contornos mais amplos. A investigação demonstrou que essas lutas, em alguns momentos, contaram com a participação de organizações e movimentos sociais, que ligaram esses conflitos específicos às suas bandeiras mais amplas, aumentando seu alcance e, assim, a possibilidade de conquista das terras pelos trabalhadores rurais.
AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS E TRANSFORMAÇÕES NO CAMPO INTELECTUAL: UMA REFLEXÃO
Authors: Costa Andrea Lopes da
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Ações afirmativas, na forma de cotas raciais, são utilizadas no Brasil há quase duas décadas, sobretudo no Ensino Superior. Este trabalho analisa uma das potencialidades pouco mencionadas dessas medidas: o adensamento das discussões sobre relações raciais e a formação de uma nova geração de intelectuais negros. A partir da periodização de 1950 até 1970, de 1980 até 2000 e de 2000 até o momento atual, foram analisados, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, processos e diálogos intergeracionais que levaram à formação de novos sujeitos negros, considerados em seu vínculo com o campo acadêmico, especificamente com as ciências sociais brasileiras (cuja literatura subsidiou este trabalho), assim como suas novas “narrativas de enfrentamento”, agenda de demandas e formas de organização.
Questioning Paraguay’s Suspension from MERCOSUR: The First Application of the Democratic Clause of the Regional Bloc
Authors: Ferreira Túlio Sérgio Henriques , Paiva Ana Cláudia Alves Cunha
Published: November 2022

Abstract This article analyses the first enforcement of the MERCOSUR Democratic Clause, which occurred during the XLIII Summit of Heads of State in 2012. It was decided to suspend Paraguay because the member states concluded that the impeachment process of Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo did not follow democratic principles. Since the event raised questions and controversies, the article contributes to an explanation of the decision-making process that culminated in the political suspension of Paraguay from the regional bloc. It is argued that the state parties of Mercosur, justified by Paraguay’s historic political and economic fragility and the context of President Fernando Lugo’s impeachment, have strategically used the clause in order to achieve interests beyond the defence of democracy, among them Venezuela’s adhesion to the Bloc.
The AfCFTA in the Context of Africa-EU Relations: A Regulation Analysis of Some Stylized Facts
Authors: Kuditchar Nene-Lomotey
Published: November 2022

Abstract The inception of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in 2018, an event which redefined the institutional dimensions of Africa-European relations, is at the centre of historic normative debates between two dominant contending schools on the imperatives of African unity. While Pan-Africanists advocate for African unity as a strategy to rupture trade relations between the two continents in question, Afro-European integrationists assert that the quest for African unity should not be divorced from deeper exchanges between Africa and Europe. The AfCFTA is embedded in an ensemble of Africa-EU free trade institutions and therefore is bound to be perceived by Pan-Africanists as Africa yielding to European domination and mobilized by Afro-European integrationists as a vindication of the validity of their assertions. With the aid of Bob Jessop’s regulation analysis, Radhika Desai’s concept of combined development, and my notion of syndic neo-corporatism as well as the method of sequence analysis, this paper makes a case beyond the normative perspectives of the two schools. It does so in order to demonstrate that while Pan-Africanists miss the point that African elites instrumentally value the AfCFTA as a rent extraction scheme, Afro-European integrationists fail to recognize that the AfCFTA fits the strategic quest of the EU to prevail over its global competitors.
Carousel furnace with a rotary hearth for firing bulk materials
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: November 2022

The design of an electric carousel furnace with a rotary hearth platform for firing bulk materials is presented. When developing a new design of the carousel furnace, a platform furnace with a movable hearth plate was adopted as a prototype, in which the movement of the fired material was ensured by tilting the hearth plate and its vibrations created by an eccentric drive. This is the most advanced furnace in terms of energy intensity, used mainly for firing vermiculite, providing the lowest energy intensity of its firing process (80‒82 MJ/m3). The developed carousel furnace is not more energy efficient, but it eliminates some serious disadvantages of the platform furnace. Due to its fundamentally new design, the hearth platform performs a rotational movement and vermiculite particles swell up so that their structural transformation into bulk grains is not accompanied by friction on the hearth surface, there are no jumps and collisions, there is no grain breakage and peeling, less dust-like fractions accompanying the process are formed. All this ensures the highest quality of the finished product. Since the grains do not break during firing, their average nominal diameter increases by more than 54 %, therefore, the productivity of the furnace increases. In the carousel furnace, heat losses associated with convective heat entrainment by heated air at an inclined position of the firing modules in platform furnaces are reduced. The new furnace works exclusively with the horizontal position of the hearth, so there is no temperature difference in the marginal zones of the hearth platform and, accordingly, there is no air draft. The carousel furnace has a higher reliability due to the complete elimination of dynamic loads from the oscillatory movements of the platform in the adopted prototype. The hearth platform performs a rotational movement, which, unlike vibrations, does not cause alternating loads, and the circular symmetry of the hearth platform provides good balancing of rotating masses. Ill. 5. Ref. 8.
Forming and heat resistance study of NiAl‒ZrO2 gradient thermal barrier material for superalloys
Authors: Oglezneva S. A. , Smetkin A. A. , Kachenyuk M. N. , Kulmetyeva V. B.
Published: November 2022

In this work the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique was used to forming a functionally gradient thermal barrier material based on nickel aluminide (VKNA) and zirconium oxide (YSZ). Layer-by-layer powders of VKNA / mixtures VKNA + 15 (30) % YSZ / YSZ were consolidated in a graphite matrix at 1070°C in a vacuum atmosphere for 5 minutes and at a pressure of 30 MPa. It is determined that the sintered material has good adhesion of layers, there are no interlayer boundaries. To check the functionality of the material, thermocyclic tests were carried out at 1100°C in the air. The results showed that the material containing the sublayer VKNA + 30 % YSZ has better heat resistance. Ill. 5. Ref. 28. Tab. 2.
Mathematical model of the separation flow near the suction channel embedded in the side surface of the cylinder with the open part of the base
Authors: Averkova O. A. , Logachev K. I. , Tiron O. V.
Published: November 2022

An algorithm for calculating the circular slit suction developed using stationary discrete vortex rings without selfinduction is given. The change in the size of the vortex zone arising at the entrance to the suction channel depending on the distance to its axis of symmetry is investigated. The developed computer program and the results obtained can be useful for creating energy-efficient circular slot suction systems, including for dust collection when drilling flat surfaces. Ill. 6. Ref. 20.
Evaluation of the dust and gas cleaning system during meltin of chrome containing refractories in electric arc furnace
Authors: Sokolov V. A. , Kirov S. S. , Gasparyan M. D.
Published: November 2022

The problems of the presence and formation of hexavalent chromium during smelting in electric arc furnaces are discussed. The schemes of gas cleaning systems from chromium-containing gases of electric arc furnaces DS-0,5 and DSP-1,5, The gas cleaning system of furnace DS-0,5 includes a cyclone, two Venturi scrubbers and an electrostatic precipitator. The gas cleaning system of DSP-1,5 furnace consists of a cyclone, regulated and diffuzor scrubbers and two electrostatic precipitators BVKO. It is shown that industrial production of fused chrome-containing refractories can be ensured under safe conditions by using the mentioned dust and gas cleaning systems. Ill. 4. Ref. 4. Tab. 1.
The effect of the addition of nanoscale SiO2 on the physical and mechanical characteristics and durability of an industrial batch of refractory products
Authors: Suvorov D. S. , Khaidarov B. B. , Lysov D. V. , Khaidarov T. B. , Kuznetsov D. V.
Published: November 2022

The physicomechanical properties and structure of mullitecorundum unformed refractories were investigated and tests of a pilot batch of refractory products for various purposes were carried out. The effect of the addition of nanoscale SiO2 (1 wt. %) on strength, structural (density, porosity) and operational characteristics of unformed refractories. The results show that this additive contributes to the formation of a structure with high apparent density and compressive strength (2,93 and 2,98 g/cm3, 87,3 and 162,1 MPa, respectively, for two types of refractories), reduces open porosity from 20 to 14 %, and also increases the resistance of refractory products (by the duration of their operation) by 25‒35 % compared to the resistance of the base refractory. The use of SiO2 nanoparticle additives reduces the consumption of refractory products and raw materials for their production, and also increases the profitability of production. Ill. 2. Ref. 19. Tab. 4.
Algicidal granules from ceramized rocks. Part 1. Development of criteria for the selection of rocks
Authors: Sokov V. N. , Ramazanov E. A.
Published: November 2022

Until recently, there was no production of ceramized roofing granules as a product in the Russian Federation. The basis for obtaining such granules is the formation of a protective and decorative shell on a mineral carrier (rock). Such granules should have chemical elements in their shell that prevent biofouling and destruction of the protective layer. The criteria for the selection of rocks in Russia with a certain mineral form of iron fixation are established. A scale of thermogravimetric activity of the rock has been developed. The production technology involves the application of two layers, of which the inner layer contains a biocide in the form of copper-zinc brass. The ceramic shell is formed from a solution of kaolin, pigments and sodium liquid glass. As a result of firing, the ceramized granules are covered with a colored insoluble shell. The solubility of the shell of granules is determined by their surface alkalinity. Ill. 2. Ref. 20.
NEW BLOOD: Implications of en masse recruitment for the South African Police Service
Authors: Bruce David
Published: November 2022

This article is concerned with the process of en masse recruitment implemented within the South African Police Service since 2002. As a result of this process the personnel strength of the SAPS has increased dramatically from 120 549 in 2002 to 199 345 in 2012, an increase of over 65%. A large proportion of SAPS personnel are now people who have joined since 1994 and particularly since 2002. En masse recruitment has in part addressed the legacy of apartheid by promoting racial and gender representativeness in the SAPS. In so doing it has facilitated entry into the civil service by a significant number of black, and particularly African,South Africans, thus contributing to ‘class formation’. At the same time the process does not ensure political non-partisanship on the part of the SAPS. It also has not necessarily contributed to ‘better policing’ in South Africa. While it may have increased the potential that the SAPS will enjoy legitimacy, this cannot be achieved by recruitment alone.
CHILD JUSTICE IN PRACTICE: The diversion of young offenders
Authors: Hargovan Hema
Published: November 2022

South Africa’s democratic transition ushered in a new era in child justice reform efforts. The Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 is arguably one of the best pieces of child justice legislation in the world. A central objective of the Act is to encourage the diversion of young offenders away from formal court procedures, giving children the opportunity to express their views on the circumstances of their offending behaviour. An intriguing issue remains the introspection of children themselves on their behaviour and how they are being dealt with by the justice system. This article reports on a preliminary analysis of feedback from children who were diverted to a particular diversion programme, to determine key reasons for youth offending behaviour and to understand their engagement with the diversion process and the diversion programme itself. The many intersecting risk factors at the individual, relationship, community and societal levels that are likely to impact on a child’s likelihood of engaging in anti-social or criminal behaviour, are also highlighted.
Visualising property crime in Gauteng: Applying GIS to crime pattern theory
Authors: Hiropoulos Alexandra , Porter Jeremy
Published: November 2022

While the high rate of crime in South Africa has received much international attention, mainly focused on violent crime, the vast majority of offences reported to the South African Police Service concern property and other non-violent offences. The present study explores the relationship between one of the most frequently reported property crimes (thefts out of motor vehicles) and the environment in which they occur, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Utilising the framework of crime pattern theory, crime generators and attractors are visually examined in order to determine whether they can explain concentrations of crime. We argue that when used in conjunction with relevant social theory aimed at the examination of the determinants of crime and criminality, GIS can be a powerful practical tool in the presentation of crime data.
‘We want the bread, not the crumbs’: Challenging traditional authority in the platinum belt
Authors: Matlala Boitumelo
Published: November 2022

Members of the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela traditional community have attempted to hold their traditional leader to account for decisions affecting the community. This article describes the interactions between some community members, traditional leaders, the state and courts, as members of the community have sought to challenge unilateral action by the traditional leader with regard to how community assets and revenue are managed and accounted for. The article examines the various actions groups and individuals have resorted to in an effort to confront traditional leadership and appeal to politicians, officials and the North West provincial government.
The chief is a chief through the people: Using Rule 7(1) to test the authority of a chief to litigate on behalf of his people
Authors: Wicomb Wilmien
Published: November 2022

This note discusses the judgement handed down by the North West High Court in Mafikeng in an interlocutory application in the matter of the Royal Bafokeng Nation (RNB) vs the Minister of Rural Development and Land Affairs and Others. The application was brought by several ‘sub’-communities under the jurisdiction of the RBN, challenging the latter’s authority to litigate on their behalf. This application relates to a growing tension between the political authority of traditional leaders and the fundamental right of their ‘subjects’ to speak for themselves. It may be argued that the judgement represents an important step beyond the established frame of this discussion in the North West courts, namely which representative traditional structure is the proper one, to a question as to the duty upon those structures to comply with customary requirements of broad consultation and consent. In the event, it demonstrates the potential substantive significance of a procedural formality such as regulated by Rule 7(1).
A story of trials and tribulations: The National Prosecuting Authority, 1998 – 2014
Authors: Schönteich Martin
Published: November 2022

Established in 1998, the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) immediately had to deal with escalating levels of serious crime. Through a variety of innovations, including prosecution-driven investigations popularised by the ‘Scorpions’, specialised career paths for prosecutors, a focus on performance measurement, and improved conditions of service, the NPA quickly became an employer of choice for a new generation of law graduates. Over the last 16 years, the NPA’s specialised units have performed well. However, the NPA’s performance at the level of the lower courts – where the vast majority of prosecutions occur – has been mixed. With the appointment of its sixth head or acting head in late 2013, the NPA has been burdened with inconsistent – and at times, poor and unsuitable – leadership. Relatedly, political interference and the politicisation of the NPA have seriously undermined a once promising institution, negatively affecting staff morale and performance and sapping public confidence in the NPA. The future of the NPA as an institution that exercises its functions without fear, favour or prejudice, as mandated by the Constitution, hangs in the balance.
Mapping Khayelitsha: The complexities of everyday policing in a high crime area
Authors: Freeman Laura , McDonald Claire
Published: November 2022

In order for a single South African police station to operate optimally, or indeed at any level of functionality at all, it is required to form cooperative relations with a host of external institutions. This is in addition to ensuring that the internal structural capacity of a police station is maintained. The Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of Police Inefficiency and a Breakdown in Relations between SAPS and the Community in Khayelitsha identified shortcomings in both internal structures and the functioning of external relations. Here, we provide an overview of the stakeholders that make up the policing web in Khayelitsha. This forms the basis for clearer understandings of on-the-ground policing in this unsafe and violent neighbourhood.