bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A highly stable amino-coordinated MOF for unprecedented block off N2 adsorption and extraordinary CO2/N2 separation
Authors: Zhang Ling , Jiang Ke , Jiang Mengdie , Yue Dan , Wan Yating , Xing Huabin , Yang Yu , Cui Yuanjing , Chen Banglin , Qian Guodong
Published: October 2016

ZJU-198 for high CO2/N2 separation and low isosteric heat.
Oxidative trifluoromethylation and fluoroolefination of unactivated olefins
Authors: Wu Ye-bin , Lu Guo-ping , Yuan Tao , Xu Zhu-bing , Wan Li , Cai Chun
Published: October 2016

Fluorine-containing organic compounds are gaining increasing importance in medicinal chemistry.
Phenols as probes of chemical composition of graphene oxide
Authors: Tran Thi Mai Huong , Ambrosi Adriano , Pumera Martin
Published: October 2016

Phenolic compounds are used to test the graphene oxide oxidation state and the electrochemical properties.
A hybrid terpyridine-based bis(diphenylphosphino)amine ligand, terpy-C6H4N(PPh2)2: synthesis, coordination chemistry and photoluminescence studies
Authors: Naik Susmita , Kumar Saurabh , Mague Joel T. , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: October 2016

This paper describes the synthesis, metal complexes and photophysical studies of a novel hybrid ligand containing terpyridine and aminobis(phosphine) moieties.
Fabrication and notable optical nonlinearities of ultrathin composite films derived from water-soluble Keggin-type polyoxometalates and water-insoluble phthalocyanine
Authors: Shehzad Farooq Khurum , Qu Ningning , Zhou Yunshan , Zhang Lijuan , Ji Huanyao , Shi Zonghai , Li Jiaqi , Hassan Sadaf ul
Published: October 2016

A notable third-order NLO response of the films is proportional to the discrepancy of LUMO levels between CuTAPc and POMs.
DOES hemopressin bind metal ions in vivo?
Authors: Remelli Maurizio , Ceciliato Carlo , Guerrini Remo , Kolkowska Paulina , Krzywoszynska Karolina , Salvadori Severo , Valensin Daniela , Watly Joanna , Kozlowski Henryk
Published: October 2016

The metal-binding ability of hemopressin and its derivatives suggests a possible role of the endogenous metal ions in the biological activity of these neuropeptides.
A highly stable and white-light-emitting Eu(iii) MOF
Authors: Wei Yongqin , Sa Rongjian , Wu Kechen
Published: October 2016

Two Eu(iii) MOFs were synthesized under similar hydrothermal reaction conditions, wherein the absence or presence of an ancillary ligand such as oxalic acid showed direct influence on the polymeric structure, thermal stability and luminescence property.
Characteristics and determinants of ambient volatile organic compounds in primary schools
Authors: Wang Yu-Chun , Lin Chitsan , Lin Yu-Kai , Wang Ya-Fen , Weng Wei-Huang , Kuo Yi-Ming
Published: October 2016

This study evaluates the effects of a sampling strategy that includes the sampling season, time period, ambient environment, and location on determining the concentrations and species of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may affect children in primary schools.
Capture of aromatic organic pollutants by hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: density functional theoretical and molecular dynamic investigation
Authors: Chen Xiangfeng , Jia Shiliang , Ding Ning , Shi Jianbo , Wang Zhenhua
Published: October 2016

The adsorption mechanisms and dynamic behaviors of pollutants on the surface of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets are interesting and fundamentally important for their practical application.
Chemical profile and cellular antioxidant activity of artichoke by-products
Authors: Pagano Imma , Piccinelli Anna Lisa , Celano Rita , Campone Luca , Gazzerro Patrizia , De Falco Enrica , Rastrelli Luca
Published: October 2016

Artichoke byproducts, particularly bracts, are a promising and cheap source of inulin and caffeoylquinic acids for the production of food additives and nutraceuticals.
Organocatalytic synthesis of polysubstituted tetrahydrofurans from alkenes
Authors: Theodorou Alexis , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: October 2016

A novel, organocatalytic and environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of polysubstituted tetrahydrofurans from trivial starting materials has been described.
Correction: Facile aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reactions in ionic liquids: an electrophile–nucleophile dual activation by [Omim]Br for the reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Lu Guo-ping , Cai Chun
Published: October 2016

Correction for ‘Facile aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reactions in ionic liquids: an electrophile–nucleophile dual activation by [Omim]Br for the reaction’ by Xiao Zhang, et al., Green Chem., 2016, 18, 5580–5585.
Synthesis and crystal structure of nitrosoruthenium complexes cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(OH)] and cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(H2O)]Cl. Photoinduced transformations of cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(OH)]
Authors: Makhinya Alexander N. , Il’in Maxim A. , Yamaletdinov Ruslan D. , Korolkov Ilya V. , Baidina Iraida A.
Published: October 2016

We have synthesized the novel complexes cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(OH)] and cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(H2O)]Cl that can be potential photoactive and bioactive materials.
Zirconocene-assisted remote cleavage of C–C and C–O bonds: application to acyclic stereodefined metalated hydrocarbons
Authors: Bruffaerts J. , Pierrot D. , Marek I.
Published: October 2016

The molding of molecules through remote functionalisation has increasingly become popular as it provides original and flexible synthetic alternatives to classical retrosynthetic analysis.
Tunable multicolor emissions in a monocomponent gel system by varying the solvent, temperature and fluoride anion
Authors: Pang Xuelei , Yu Xudong , Xie Dongyan , Li Yajuan , Geng Lijun , Ren Jujie , Zhen Xiaoli
Published: October 2016

By introducing electron-donating and electron-accepting units into the organogelator N1, multicolor emission could be facilely obtained by tuning the solvent, temperature and anion in a monocomponent organogel system.
Amino-functionalized poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) derived from lysine: a sustainable polymer with thermo and pH dual stimuli response
Authors: Jia Fan , Wang Shixue , Zhang Xiaojie , Xiao Chunsheng , Tao Youhua , Wang Xianhong
Published: October 2016

Lysine, a renewable feedstock with economic feasibility, was tactfully cyclized to its corresponding cyclic lysine and then subjected to a reaction with acetylenes to yield a sustainable N-vinylcaprolactam (VCL) derivative. Well-defined PVCL with pendent amino groups was prepared via MADIX/RAFT polymerization.
A novel functionalized pillar[5]arene-based selective amino acid sensor forl-tryptophan
Authors: Wei Tai-Bao , Chen Jin-Fa , Cheng Xiao-Bin , Li Hui , Han Bing-Bing , Zhang You-Ming , Yao Hong , Lin Qi
Published: October 2016

The sensing mechanism of the sensorBTAP5forl-Trp.
Copper-catalyzed C5-selective thio/selenocyanation of 8-aminoquinolines
Authors: Chen Jichao , Wang Tianyu , Wang Tong , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan , Xu Jinyi
Published: October 2016

Copper-catalyzed direct C5-position thio/selenocyanation of quinolines using commercially available, inexpensive KSCN/SeCN as the thio/selenocyanation reagent was developed, which had good tolerance toward various aliphatic or aromatic 8-aminoquinoline derivatives.
Suppressing receptor-interacting protein 140: a new sight for esculetin to treat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Weiwei Tao , Ting Zuo , Chunhua Ma , Hongyan Long
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of esculetin (ES) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rats and investigate the potential mechanism.
Highly stable and biocompatible gold nanorod–DNA conjugates as NIR probes for ultrafast sequence-selective DNA melting
Authors: Baumann Verena , Friedrich Röttgermann Peter Johan , Haase Frederik , Szendrei Katalin , Dey Priyanka , Lyons Katja , Wyrwich Regina , Gräßel Matthias , Stehr Joachim , Ullerich Lars , Bürsgens Federico , Rodríguez-Fernández Jessica
Published: October 2016

Colloidally stable and biocompatible DNA-functionalized Au nanorods are proved as NIR-addressable probes and mediators for ultrafast and sequence-selective DNA melting.
Low-temperature synthesis of mesoporous ZnTiO3–graphene composite for the removal of norfloxacin in aqueous solution
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Min Yahong , Zhang Qiong , Li Wensheng , Yuan Jianmin , Wu Zhenjun , Wang Shuangyin
Published: October 2016

A novel mesoporous perovskite-type ZnTiO3–graphene (MZT–GR) material was successfully fabricated via a two-step process in this paper.
Bioactive calcium silicate extracts regulate the morphology and stemness of human embryonic stem cells at the initial stage
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lü Dongyuan , Li Haiyan , Luo Chunhua , Chang Jiang , Long Mian
Published: October 2016

We shed light on the impact of CS extracts on hESC's proliferation and differentiation, which is not clearly investigated.
Precious metal-like oxide-free copper nanoparticles: high oxidation resistance and geometric structure
Authors: Miyagawa Masaya , Maeda Toshiki , Tokuda Ryo , Shibusawa Akane , Aoki Takuya , Okumura Kazu , Tanaka Hideki
Published: October 2016

Precious metal-like oxide-free copper nanoparticles, which are desired for alternatives as precious metal nanoparticles, were synthesized by environmental-friendly photoreduction method.
Two-stage pH-sensitive doxorubicin hydrochloride loaded core–shell nanoparticles with dual drug-loading strategies for the potential anti-tumor treatment
Authors: Yu Xiaoyue , Zhang Bo , Wang Tianqi , Zhang Jing , Mu Shengjun , Liu Chunxi , Zhang Na
Published: October 2016

Two-stage pH-sensitive DOX·HCl loaded core–shell nanoparticles (CPOD) with dual drug-loading strategies showed pretty in vivo anti-tumor efficacy.
Synthesis of colorant-modified polystyrene copolymers with tailored structures for toner applications
Authors: Zhang Yan , Bian Yufei , Niu Hui , Wang Yurong , Li Yang
Published: October 2016

An efficient method to combine the NMRP with click chemistry for the synthesis of colorant modified polystyrene was realized.
Interaction of organodialkoxysilanolates with carbon dioxide
Authors: Temnikov M. N. , Cherkun N. V. , Boldyrev K. L. , Zimovets S. N. , Kononova E. G. , Elmanovich I. V. , Gallyamov M. O. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: October 2016

A series of organo(alkoxy)disiloxanes was obtained by the reaction of CO2with sodium alkoxy(organo)silanolates under high pressure. It is suggested that the reaction involves intermediate formation of the carbonate derivative of sodium alkoxy(organo)silanolates.
Color tunable up-conversion emission from ZrO2:Er3+,Yb3+ textile fibers
Authors: Zhang Xingshuang , Xu Dong , Zhou Guangjun , Wang Xinqiang , Liu Hongjing , Yu Zhichao , Zhang Guanghui , Zhu Luyi
Published: October 2016

ZrO2:xEr3+,yYb3+ fibers (diameters of approximately 1 μm) with good flexibility and toughness were synthesized via electrospinning technology, and color tunable up-conversion emissions were observed as the changes of Yb3+ concentraion.
Paving a way to suppress hydrogen blistering by investigating the hydrogen–beryllium interaction in tungsten
Authors: Zhou Hong-Bo , Momanyi Nyachieo Kennedy , Li Yu-Hao , Jiang Wei , Li Xiao-Chun
Published: October 2016

We propose that beryllium (Be)-doping/pre-irradiation is a good choice to reduce hydrogen (H) retention and suppress H blistering in tungsten by investigating the Be–H interaction.
A step towards the processability of insoluble or partially soluble functional and structural variants of polymers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene
Authors: Sikder Bikash Kumar
Published: October 2016

This work describes the processability of insoluble or partially soluble polymers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene.
Friedel–Crafts alkylation of toluene with tert-butyl alcohol over Fe2O3-modified Hβ
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Song Hua , Sun Xinglong
Published: October 2016

Alkylation of toluene with TBA over Fe2O3 (x)/Hβ was studied. Modification by Fe2O3 is a highly efficient method for improving the para-selectivity by adjusting pore entrance and reducing the strong acid sites and external acid sites.
Synthesis of N-aryl 2-quinolinones via intramolecular C(sp2)–H amidation of Knoevenagel products
Authors: Luo Laichun , Tao Kaiqi , Peng Xiaozhi , Hu Chunling , Lu Yuanfeng , Wang Hong
Published: October 2016

An efficient synthesis of N-aryl 2-quinolinones via K2S2O8-mediated intramolecular C(sp2)–H amidation of Knoevenagel products was developed.
Facile colorimetric detection of 6-benzylaminopurine based on p-aminobenzenethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Shuang , He Jiang , Guo Mingzhen , Sun Xiaohan , Zheng Mingda
Published: October 2016

A simple colorimetric assay has been developed to detect 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) in a complex environment by using the novel probe p-aminobenzenethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles (ABT-AgNPs).
Green synthesis of BiOBr modified Bi2O2CO3 nanocomposites with enhanced visible-responsive photocatalytic properties
Authors: Guo Nana , Cao Yali , Rong Yaling , Jia Dianzeng
Published: October 2016

BiOBr/Bi2O2CO3 nanocomposites with mesh-like structures were simply synthesized by a green solid-state chemical reaction route with no extra template or surfactant.
A multibranched carbazole linked triazine based fluorescent molecule for the selective detection of picric acid
Authors: Sathiyan Govindasamy , Sakthivel Pachagounder
Published: October 2016

Multibranched carbazole linked triazine centre based molecule (TRZ-Cz) can be used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of picric acid (PA).
Xyloglucan as a mitomycin C carrier to reverse multidrug resistance
Authors: Wang Chang , Mukerabigwi Jean Felix , Luo Shiying , Zhang Yuannian , Xie Xuan , Xiao Wang , Huang Xueying , Cao Yu
Published: October 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still considered as the third highest cause of cancer death in developing countries.
Synthesis of novel imidazole-based triheterocycles via a domino Ugi/Michael reaction and silver-catalyzed heteroannulation
Authors: Li Zhenghua , Zhao Yaping , Tian Guilong , He Yi , Song Gonghua , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: October 2016

An efficient and diversity-oriented synthetic strategy for novel triheterocyclic imidazo-pyrrolo-pyrazine/diazepine/diazocine derivatives is elaborated.
Facile enzymatic production of difructose dianhydride III from sucrose
Authors: Yu Shuhuai , Zhu Yingying , Zhang Tao , Jiang Bo , Mu Wanmeng
Published: October 2016

A convenient, efficient, and cost-effective approach to the facile enzymatic production of difructose dianhydride (DFA) III from sucrose is described.
Multifunctional FePt–Au heterodimers: promising nanotheranostic agents for dual-modality MR/CT imaging diagnosis and in situ cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Yue Ludan , Hu Zunfu , Dai Zhichao , Qi Yafei , Zheng Xiuwen , Li Zhongfang , Yu Dexin
Published: October 2016

We report the synthesis of multifunctional FePt–Au hybrid nanoparticles via a simple hydrothermal approach and their potential application in cancer dual-modality MR/CT imaging diagnosis and simultaneous in situ therapy.
Thickness-controllable coating of SiO2 on Co microspheres with tunable electromagnetic properties and enhanced oxidation resistance
Authors: Chen Na , Jiang Jian-Tang , Xu Cheng-Yan , Yuan Yong , Zhen Liang
Published: October 2016

A modified Stöber method was utilized for coating SiO2 on Co microspheres with tunable thickness as a filler for electromagnetic absorbing coatings with enhanced oxidation resistance.
A DNA-based parity generator/checker for error detection through data transmission with visual readout and an output-correction function
Authors: Fan Daoqing , Wang Erkang , Dong Shaojun
Published: October 2016

The first DNA-based molecular parity generator/checker, used for error detection through data transmission with fluorescent and visual readouts, has been constructed. The erroneous transmission can be readily distinguished by the naked eye using the G-quadruplex DNAzyme as a signal reporter of the visual outputs.
On thermodynamic inconsistencies in several photosynthetic and solar cell models and how to fix them
Authors: Gelbwaser-Klimovsky David , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: October 2016

We analyze standard theoretical models of solar energy conversion developed to study solar cells and photosynthetic systems.
Three-dimensional carbon-based architectures for oil remediation: from synthesis and modification to functionalization
Authors: Wan Wenchao , Lin Yuanhua , Prakash Arvind , Zhou Ying
Published: October 2016

This timely review gives an overview of three-dimensional carbon-based architectures for oil remediation, from synthesis and modification to functionalization.
Programmable synthesis of metal hydroxide/oxide hollow architectures: towards an efficient and robust photocatalyst for water remediation
Authors: Shao Penghui , Tian Jiayu , Shi Wenxin , Yang Yi , Yang Xiaonan , Gao Shanshan , Cui Fuyi
Published: October 2016

A general, one-pot, “soft” SiO2-templating strategy has been developed for the synthesis of well-defined metal hydroxide/oxide hollow nanostructures (HNs) with programmable shells.
Evidence of band bending induced by hole trapping at MAPbI3perovskite/metal interface
Authors: Chen Y.-F. , Tsai Y.-T. , Bassani D. M. , Clerc R. , Forgács D. , Bolink H. J. , Wussler M. , Jaegermann W. , Wantz G. , Hirsch L.
Published: October 2016

Unexpected band bending at the Au/MAPbI3interface induced by the trapping of holes.
Observation of room temperature magnetodielectric effect in Mn-doped lanthanum gallate and study of its magnetic properties
Authors: Rai Hari Mohan , Saxena Shailendra K. , Mishra Vikash , Sagdeo Archna , Rajput Parasmani , Kumar Rajesh , Sagdeo P. R.
Published: October 2016

Room temperature magnetodielectric effect in Mn-doped LaGaO3.
Photosynthesis
Authors: Johnson Matthew P.
Published: October 2016

Photosynthesis sustains virtually all life on planet Earth providing the oxygen we breathe and the food we eat; it forms the basis of global food chains and meets the majority of humankind's current energy needs through fossilized photosynthetic fuels. The process of photosynthesis in plants is based on two reactions that are carried out by separate parts of the chloroplast. The light reactions occur in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane and involve the splitting of water into oxygen, protons and electrons. The protons and electrons are then transferred through the thylakoid membrane to create the energy storage molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinomide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The ATP and NADPH are then utilized by the enzymes of the Calvin–Benson cycle (the dark reactions), which converts CO2 into carbohydrate in the chloroplast stroma. The basic principles of solar energy capture, energy, electron and proton transfer and the biochemical basis of carbon fixation are explained and their significance is discussed.
Communication Disordered: Program Implementation in Long-Term Care
Authors: Barnes George , Salemi Joseph
Published: October 2016

The organizational structure of long-term care (LTC) facilities often removes the rehab department from the interdisciplinary work culture, inhibiting the speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) communication with the facility administration and limiting the SLP's influence when implementing clinical programs. The SLP then is unable to change policy or monitor the actions of the care staff. When the SLP asks staff members to follow protocols not yet accepted by facility policy, staff may be unable to respond due to confusing or conflicting protocol. The SLP needs to involve members of the facility administration in the policy-making process in order to create successful clinical programs. The SLP must overcome communication barriers by understanding the needs of the administration to explain how staff compliance with clinical goals improves quality of care, regulatory compliance, and patient-family satisfaction, and has the potential to enhance revenue for the facility. By taking this approach, the SLP has a greater opportunity to increase safety, independence, and quality of life for patients who otherwise may not receive access to the appropriate services.
Dual‐loop near‐field antenna for RFID label printer applications
Authors: Bang J.‐H. , Jeong Y.‐S. , Kim C.‐H. , Li S. , Ahn B.‐C. , Choi S.‐G.
Published: October 2016

A novel dual‐loop near‐field antenna for reliably writing or verifying information on loop‐type UHF radio‐frequency identification (RFID) labels bonded to a roll is presented. A resistor and inductor‐loaded dual‐loop is fed by specially designed coaxial feeding structure. The proposed antenna can reliably write or read information on a label just above its aperture while discriminating labels laterally offset from its aperture by 20 mm.
Influences of graphene nanoplatelet aspect ratio and thermal treatment on dielectric performances of poly(methyl methacrylate) composites
Authors: Fan Benhui , Liu Yu , He Delong , Bai Jinbo
Published: October 2016

The dielectric property and percolated behaviour of polymer matrix composites largely depend on the morphology of conductive fillers and external stimulations especially when the composites are processed by melting blending and extrusion‐injection way. In this study, the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix composites incorporated by two kinds of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), G5 and G150 with different aspect ratios (the ratio of diameter and thickness) are prepared to study the influence of GNP morphology on the dielectric performances close to percolation threshold (fc). After annealing at glass transition temperature (Tg) for 1 h, the dielectric permittivities of PMMA/G5 and PMMA/G150 near fc increase 43 and 38%, respectively, while the dielectric loss change little. This improvement on the dielectric property is possibly attributed to the slight change of the distance between adjacent GNPs after annealing at Tg which enables to arouse stronger polarisation by tunnelling effect.
Error performance and energy efficiency analyses of fully cooperative OFDM communication in frequency selective fading
Authors: Tran Le Chung , Mertins Alfred
Published: October 2016

This study devises for the first time a comprehensive analysis of decode‐and‐forward, space–time coded, fully cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems from both error performance and energy efficiency perspectives, in either identically or non‐identically distributed frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels. The authors’ analyses show the interesting result that the fully cooperative OFDM is better than direct OFDM transmission from both perspectives in many cases, especially at a low power and low signal‐to‐noise ratio regime, making it particularly useful for emerging low power applications, such as wireless body area networks.
High gain and improved waveguide slot antenna using a metallic superstrate as main radiator
Authors: Fakhte Rasoul , Ghorbaninejad Habib
Published: October 2016

A new waveguide slot antenna using radiating surface as the superstrate has been proposed. A simple metal sheet as the ultimate radiating surface due to its larger size leads to higher gain compared with a standalone slot. The proposed configuration is composed of an extended wall on a waveguide, incorporating a slot together with a metal sheet as superstrate. The proposed antenna, which can be classified as a resonance cavity antenna, compared with the conventional one, has improved antenna gain and bandwidth simultaneously. Based on cavity model, the distribution of currents on the radiating surface has been explained. It has been shown that the proposed configuration enhances the antenna peak gain from 6.7 to 12 dBi and in the same time, antenna bandwidth from 5.8% to around 23% compared with the conventional one. The design method is straight forward and based on optimisation using simulation software. In addition to gain and bandwidth enhancement, the proposed configuration has some advantages in terms of simple design method and fabrication cost. To validate the simulation results, the proposed antenna is designed, fabricated and measured. Measured and simulated results are in good agreement that confirms the performance of the proposed structure.
Wideband circularly polarised cavity backed monopole antenna for global navigation satellite systems
Authors: Hu Shaoqing , Chen Xiaodong , Zhao Deshuang , Yao Yuan
Published: October 2016

This study presents a single‐feed wideband circularly polarised (CP) monopole antenna backed with a cavity for the application in global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). The measured results indicate that it has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 75.02% from 1.062 to 2.337 GHz and a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 67.40% from 1.21 to 2.44 GHz. The proposed antenna was tested and validated on a multi‐mode GNSS receiver in open field. In addition, extensive analysis conducted on the preliminary antenna's operation has revealed that the ‘frequency independence’ of phase difference between two orthogonal electric field components is crucial to a wide CP bandwidth. It is anticipated that the design principle and procedure of the proposed antenna can be extended to the development of other wideband CP antennas.
Wideband multiple‐input–multiple‐output dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Biswas Animesh
Published: October 2016

A two‐element multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna having wideband characteristics is presented. The wideband operation is achieved by using a mushroom shaped dielectric resonator excited by a conformal trapezoidal patch. In order to realise two‐element MIMO configuration, two wideband radiators are arranged orthogonally which offers polarisation diversity. The measured bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) for Port1 is 61% (5.08–9.50 GHz), whereas for Port2 it is 65% (4.89–9.61 GHz). The isolation between the two ports is better than 20 dB for the desired frequency band. The antenna exhibits broadside radiation with cross polar level below 15 dB. The peak gain of antenna varies from 3.34 to 7.40 dBi at Port1 and from 2.34 to 7.9 dBi at Port2. Moreover, the various MIMO performance metrics including envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain, channel capacity loss and total active reflection coefficient are investigated. The ECC is less than 0.01 and capacity loss is under 0.5 bps/Hz throughout the operating bandwidth. The results confirm that the antenna offers effective MIMO/diversity performance. The proposed antenna can be suitable for WLAN and upper ultra wideband frequency band applications.
Spectral signature secured retrodirective array
Authors: Fusco Vincent , Ding Yuan , Buchanan Neil
Published: October 2016

A novel retrodirective array (RDA) architecture is proposed which utilises a special case spectral signature embedded within the data payload as pilot signals. With the help of a pair of phase‐locked‐loop based phase conjugators the RDA's response to other unwanted and/or unfriendly interrogating signals can be disabled, leading to enhanced secrecy performance directly in the wireless physical layer. The effectiveness of the proposed RDA system is experimentally demonstrated.
Source clustering in the Hi-GAL survey determined using a minimum spanning tree method
Authors: Beuret M. , Billot N. , Cambrésy L. , Eden D. J. , Elia D. , Molinari S. , Pezzuto S. , Schisano E.
Published: October 2016

Aims. The aims are to investigate the clustering of the far-infrared sources from the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) in the Galactic longitude range of −71 to 67 deg. These clumps, and their spatial distribution, are an imprint of the original conditions within a molecular cloud. This will produce a catalogue of over-densities.

Methods. The minimum spanning tree (MST) method was used to identify the over-densities in two dimensions. The catalogue was further refined by folding in heliocentric distances, resulting in more reliable over-densities, which are cluster candidates.

Results. We found 1633 over-densities with more than ten members. Of these, 496 are defined as cluster candidates because of the reliability of the distances, with a further 1137 potential cluster candidates. The spatial distributions of the cluster candidates are different in the first and fourth quadrants, with all clusters following the spiral structure of the Milky Way. The cluster candidates are fractal. The clump mass functions of the clustered and isolated are statistically indistinguishable from each other and are consistent with Kroupa’s initial mass function.
Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Lima Neto Arlindo , Bittar Roseli , Gattas Gabriel , Bor-Seng-Shu Edson , Oliveira Marcelo , Monsanto Rafael , Bittar Luis
Published: October 2016

Introduction Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is defined as transitory ischemia of the vertebrobasilar circulation. Dizziness, vertigo, headaches, vomit, diplopia, blindness, ataxia, imbalance, and weakness in both sides of the body are the most common symptoms.

Objective To review the literature regarding the three available diagnostic testing in patients with dizziness complaints secondary to vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI): magnetic resonance angiography; transcranial Doppler ultrasound; and vertebrobasilar deprivation testing.

Data Synthesis We selected 28 studies that complied with our selection criteria for appraisal. The most frequent cause of the hemodynamic changes leading to VBI is atherosclerosis. The main clinical symptoms are dizziness, vertigo, headaches, vomit, diplopia, blindness, ataxia, imbalance, and weakness in both sides of the body. Even though arteriography is considered the most important exam to diagnose the disease, the inherent risks of this exam should be taken into consideration. The magnetic resonance angiography has been widely studied and is a good method to identify and localize any occlusions and stenosis in both neck and intracranial great vessels.

Conclusion Each patient with a suspected diagnosis of VBI should be individually evaluated and treated, taking in consideration the pros and cons of each diagnostic testing and treatment option.
The Impact of Tobacco Smoking Upon Chronic/Recurrent Tonsillitis and Post Tonsillectomy Bleeding
Authors: Cinamon Udi , Goldfarb Abraham , Marom Tal
Published: October 2016

Introduction Smoking has many adverse effects on the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. Outcomes may be developing tonsillar infections and predisposing for post tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB).

Objective The objective of our study was to determine whether smokers have more chronic/recurrent tonsillitis indicating for tonsillectomy or develop more PTB episodes.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study on two groups of adults (age ≥18 years). Cohort 1: Smoking among patients who underwent tonsillectomy for recurrent/chronic tonsillitis. Cohort 2: Smoking among patients requiring control of PTB that were operated primarily for recurrent/chronic tonsillitis. Cohort 1 served as a population-reference for the second. We retrieved the data from medical records.

Results Cohort 1: 206 adults aged 18–50 years (mean 26 ± 7.6). 28% (57 patients) were smokers, versus 24% and 20% in the general population (in the years 2000 and 2010; p = 0.5, p = 0.18, respectively). Cohort 2: 114 adults aged 18–73 years (mean 26 ± 7.6). 43% were smokers, double the incidence in the general population (p = 0.004, p = 0.0004, in 2000 and 2010, respectively), and 1.5 times cohort 1 (p = 0.02). Smoking rates among bleeders on post-operative days 8–10 and later than day 10 were 53% and 60% (p = 0.0005 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Five of ten patients presenting a second PTB were smokers. Timing of re-bleedings was similar to their first PTB and dated similarly as first PTB of the entire group, mean 5.6 days (SD ± 3.2).

Conclusion Smokers may encounter more chronic/recurrent tonsillitis episodes, indicating tonsillectomy and significantly are more prone for PTB. Smoking cessation may perhaps diminish recurrent/chronic tonsillitis. Whether pre-operative abstinence or its length would reduce PTB incidence is yet to be determined.
The energetics of prenucleation clusters in lattice solutions
Authors: Legg Benjamin A. , De Yoreo James J.
Published: October 2016

According to classical nucleation theory, nucleation from solution involves the formation of small atomic clusters. Most formulations of classical nucleation use continuum “droplet” approximations to describe the properties of these clusters. However, the discrete atomic nature of very small clusters may cause deviations from these approximations. Here, we present a self-consistent framework for describing the nature of these deviations. We use our framework to investigate the formation of “polycube” atomic clusters on a cubic lattice, for which we have used combinatoric data to calculate the thermodynamic properties of clusters with 17 atoms or less. We show that the classical continuum droplet model emerges as a natural approach to describe the free energy of small clusters, but with a size-dependent surface tension. However, this formulation only arises if an appropriate “site-normalized” definition is adopted for the free energy of formation. These results are independently confirmed through the use of Monte Carlo calculations. Our results show that clusters formed from sparingly soluble materials (μM solubility range) tend to adopt compact configurations that minimize the solvent-solute interaction energy. As a consequence, there are distinct minima in the cluster-size-energy landscape that correspond to especially compact configurations. Conversely, highly soluble materials (1M) form clusters with expanded configurations that maximize configurational entropy. The effective surface tension of these clusters tends to smoothly and systematically decrease as the cluster size increases. However, materials with intermediate solubility (1 mM) are found to have a balanced behavior, with cluster energies that follow the classical “droplet” scaling laws remarkably well.
Huygens' inspired multi-pendulum setups: Experiments and stability analysis
Authors: Hoogeboom F. N. , Pogromsky A. Y. , Nijmeijer H.
Published: October 2016

This paper examines synchronization of a set of metronomes placed on a lightweight foam platform. Two configurations of the set of metronomes are considered: a row setup containing one-dimensional coupling and a cross setup containing two-dimensional coupling. Depending on the configuration and coupling between the metronomes, i.e., the platform parameters, in- and/or anti-phase synchronized behavior is observed in the experiments. To explain this behavior, mathematical models of a metronome and experimental setups have been derived and used in a local stability analysis. It is numerically and experimentally demonstrated that varying the coupling parameters for both configurations has a significant influence on the stability of the synchronized solutions.
On the time required to freeze water
Authors: Espinosa J. R. , Navarro C. , Sanz E. , Valeriani C. , Vega C.
Published: October 2016

By using the seeding technique the nucleation rate for the formation of ice at room pressure will be estimated for the TIP4P/ICE model using longer runs and a smaller grid of temperatures than in the previous work. The growth rate of ice will be determined for TIP4P/ICE and for the mW model of water. Although TIP4P/ICE and mW have a similar melting point and melting enthalpy, they differ significantly in the dynamics of freezing. The nucleation rate of mW is lower than that of TIP4P/ICE due to its higher interfacial free energy. Experimental results for the nucleation rate of ice are between the predictions of these two models when obtained from the seeding technique, although closer to the predictions of TIP4P/ICE. The growth rate of ice for the mW model is four orders of magnitude larger than for TIP4P/ICE. Avrami’s expression is used to estimate the crystallization time from the values of the nucleation and growth rates. For mW the minimum in the crystallization time is found at approximately 85 K below the melting point and its value is of about a few ns, in agreement with the results obtained from brute force simulations by Moore and Molinero. For the TIP4P/ICE the minimum is found at about 55 K below the melting point, but its value is about ten microseconds. This value is compatible with the minimum cooling rate required to avoid the formation of ice and obtaining a glass phase. The crossover from the nucleation controlled crystallization to the growth controlled crystallization will be discussed for systems of finite size. This crossover could explain the apparent discrepancy between the values of J obtained by different experimental groups for temperatures below 230 K and should be considered as an alternative hypothesis to the two previously suggested: internal pressure and/or surface freezing effects. A maximum in the compressibility was found for the TIP4P/ICE model in supercooled water. The relaxation time is much smaller than the crystallization time at the temperature at which this maximum occurs, so this maximum is a real thermodynamic feature of the model. At the temperature of minimum crystallization time, the crystallization time is larger than the relaxation time by just two orders of magnitude.
Statistical and hydrodynamic properties of topological polymers for various graphs showing enhanced short-range correlation
Authors: Uehara Erica , Deguchi Tetsuo
Published: October 2016

For various polymers with different structures in chemical connectivity expressed by graphs, we numerically evaluate the mean-square radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius systematically through simulation. We call polymers with nontrivial structures in chemical connectivity and those of nontrivial topology of spatial graphs as embeddings in three dimensions topological polymers. We evaluate the two quantities both for ideal and real chain models and show that the ratios of the quantities among different structures in chemical connectivity do not depend on the existence of excluded volume if the topological polymers have only up to trivalent vertices, as far as the polymers investigated. We also evaluate the ratio of the gyration radius to the hydrodynamic radius, which we expect to be universal from the viewpoint of renormalization group. Furthermore, we show that the short-distance intrachain correlation is much enhanced for real topological polymers (the Kremer-Grest model) expressed with complex graphs.
Measurements of hot-electron temperature in laser-irradiated plasmas
Authors: Solodov A. A. , Yaakobi B. , Edgell D. H. , Follett R. K. , Myatt J. F. , Sorce C. , Froula D. H.
Published: October 2016

In a recently published work [Yaakobi et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 012704 (2012)] we reported on measuring the total energy of hot electrons produced by the interaction of a nanosecond laser with planar CH-coated molybdenum targets, using the Mo Kα emission. The temperature of the hot electrons in that work was determined by the high-energy bremsstrahlung [hard X-ray (HXR)] spectrum measured by a three-channel fluorescence-photomultiplier HXR detector (HXRD). In the present work, we replaced the HXRD with a nine-channel image-plate (IP)–based detector (HXIP). For the same conditions (irradiance of the order of 1014 W/cm2; 2–ns pulses), the measured temperatures are consistently lower than those measured by the HXRD (by a factor ∼1.5 to 1.7). We supplemented this measurement with three experiments that measure the hot-electron temperature using Kα line-intensity ratios from high-Z target layers, independent of the HXR emission. These experiments yielded temperatures that were consistent with those measured by the HXIP. We showed that the thermal X-ray radiation must be included in the derivation of total energy in hot electrons (Ehot), and that this makes Ehot only weakly dependent on hot-electron temperature. For a given X-ray emission in the inertial confinement fusion compression experiments, this result would lead to a higher total energy in hot electrons, but preheating of the compressed fuel may be lower because of the reduced hot-electron range.
Investigation of reactive plasma species created in SO2 by an inductively coupled RF discharge in E- and H-mode
Authors: Zaplotnik Rok , Vesel Alenka , Mozetic Miran
Published: October 2016

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and mass spectrometry were used to investigate the gas phase and surface reactions in inductively coupled SO2 plasma at various radiofrequency discharge powers up to 1000 W and gas pressures from 30 to 100 Pa. At such conditions, the plasma was created either in E- or in H-mode. In the E-mode, extensive radiation in the UV range was observed due to transitions of SO2 and SO molecules to the ground electronic states, whereas the other spectral features were marginal. At elevated powers, an abrupt transition to the H-mode occurred, where the total radiation increased for several orders of magnitude. Strong hysteresis was observed in the behaviour of all OES spectral features at the transitions between the E- and H-modes. In the H-mode, the atomic lines prevailed because of the relaxation of highly excited O and S atoms to the lower excited states, indicating high density of atoms. UV continuum was very weak and governed only by transitions of the SO radicals to the ground state. Thus, it was concluded that in the E-mode, predominantly SO and O radicals are formed during the partial dissociation of SO2 molecules, whereas in the H-mode, high dissociation to S and O atoms occurred, leading to the negligible concentration of SO2. However, in the flowing afterglow, the final gas composition was predominantly always SO2. The concentration of O2 was only approximately 3%, whereas the concentration of SO3 was marginal. This was explained by the recombination of the reactive plasma species formed in the plasma back to SO2 molecules on the surfaces of the remote plasma reactor.
Combined pressure and flow sensor integrated in a split-ring resonator microplasma source
Authors: Snögren P. , Berglund M. , Persson A.
Published: October 2016

Monitoring and control of the principal properties of a discharge or plasma is vital in many applications, and sensors for measuring them must be integrated close to the plasma source in order to deliver reliable results. This is particularly important, and challenging, in miniaturized systems, where different compatibility issues set the closest level of integration. In this paper, a sensor for simultaneous measurement of the pressure and flow through a stripline split-ring resonator microplasma source is presented. The sensor utilized the fully integrated electrodes positioned upstream and downstream of the microplasma source to study these parameters and was found to deliver uniform and unambiguous results in the pressure and flow range of 1–6 Torr and 1–15 sccm, respectively. Furthermore, hysteresis and drift in the measurements were found to be mitigated by introducing a resistor in parallel with the plasma, in order to facilitate the discharging of the electrodes. Together, the results show that the sensor is fully compatible with the miniaturized microfluidic systems in general and a system for optogalvanic spectroscopy in particular.
Pressure induced structural, electronic topological, and semiconductor to metal transition in AgBiSe2
Authors: Rajaji V. , Malavi Pallavi S. , Yamijala Sharma S. R. K. C. , Sorb Y. A. , Dutta Utpal , Guin Satya N. , Joseph B. , Pati Swapan K. , Karmakar S. , Biswas Kanishka , Narayana Chandrabhas
Published: October 2016

We report the effect of strong spin orbit coupling inducing electronic topological and semiconductor to metal transitions on the thermoelectric material AgBiSe2 at high pressures. The synchrotron X-ray diffraction and the Raman scattering measurement provide evidence for a pressure induced structural transition from hexagonal (α-AgBiSe2) to rhombohedral (β-AgBiSe2) at a relatively very low pressure of around 0.7 GPa. The sudden drop in the electrical resistivity and clear anomalous changes in the Raman line width of the A1g and Eg(1) modes around 2.8 GPa was observed suggesting a pressure induced electronic topological transition. On further increasing the pressure, anomalous pressure dependence of phonon (A1g and Eg(1)) frequencies and line widths along with the observed temperature dependent electrical resistivity show a pressure induced semiconductor to metal transition above 7.0 GPa in β-AgBiSe2. First principles theoretical calculations reveal that the metallic character of β-AgBiSe2 is induced mainly due to redistributions of the density of states (p orbitals of Bi and Se) near to the Fermi level. Based on its pressure induced multiple electronic transitions, we propose that AgBiSe2 is a potential candidate for the good thermoelectric performance and pressure switches at high pressure.
One dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface and its transport properties
Authors: Hong D. S. , Zhang H. , Zhang H. R. , Zhang J. , Wang S. F. , Chen Y. S. , Shen B. G. , Sun J. R.
Published: October 2016

Quasi-one-dimensional electron gases (q1DEGs) have been obtained by fabricating LaAlO3 nanowires, using the technique of electrostatic spinning plus post annealing, above TiO2-terminated SrTiO3 substrate. The q1DEG exhibits an electronic transport behavior of variable range hopping with the one dimension characteristic. Visible light illumination produces a strong effect on transport process, depressing the resistance of the q1DEG by a factor up to 8. As expected, gating effect is weak at relative high temperatures, ∼3.2% at 150 K and 1.5% at 300 K under a back gate of 200 V. Aided by light illumination, however, the gating effect is 35-fold amplified, and the resistance increases under not only negative gates but also positive gates, different from the normal gating effect without illumination. Possible explanations for these phenomena are given.
A micromachined angular-acceleration sensor for geophysical applications
Authors: Liu Huafeng , Pike W. T.
Published: October 2016

This paper presents an angular-acceleration sensor that works as either an angular accelerometer or a gravity gradiometer and is based on the micro electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The changes in the angle of the sensor mass are sensed by a rotational capacitive array transducer that is formed by electrodes on both the stator and rotor dies of the flip-chip-bonded MEMS chip (21 mm × 12.5 mm × 1 mm). The prototype was characterized, demonstrating a fundamental frequency of 27 Hz, a quality factor of 230 in air, and a sensitivity of 6 mV/(rad/s2). The demonstrated noise floor was less than 0.003 rad/s2/Hz within a bandwidth of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz, which is comparable with the conventional angular accelerometer and is better than the other reported MEMS sensors in low-frequency ranges. The features of small size and low cost suggest that this MEMS angular-acceleration sensor could be mounted on a drone, a satellite or even a Mars rover, and it is promising to be used for monitoring angular accelerations, aiding seismic recording, mapping gravity anomalies, and other geophysical applications for large-scale terrestrial and space deployments.
Elastomer based electrically tunable, optical microcavities
Authors: Slowik Irma , Kronenberg Nils M. , Franke Markus , Fischer Axel , Richter Andreas , Gather Malte C. , Leo Karl
Published: October 2016

Tunable optical elements are mostly realized by microelectromechanical systems, which require expensive and complex lithography during processing. We demonstrate an alternative device based on an electrically tunable microcavity employing a dielectric soft elastomer actuator. The cavity resonance is varied by changing the physical cavity thickness due to electrostriction of the soft elastomer. We realize a tunable metal-elastomer-distributed Bragg reflector multi-half wavelength microcavity with a cavity layer thickness around 12 μm and quality factors up to 700. Applying a voltage up to 60 V between bottom ITO and top metal electrode tunes the wavelength of the cavity modes up to Δλ=14 nm, which relates to a cavity thickness change of about 200 nm. This concept allows the implementation of tunable optical elements like tunable filters or resonators with low cost and simple processing.