bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Asymmetry of Vertical Velocity in Current and Future Climate
Authors: Tamarin‐Brodsky T. , Hadas O.
Published: December 2018

A fundamental aspect of vertical velocities in the atmosphere is their asymmetric nature, with stronger upward than downward motions. Here we study this asymmetry from a synoptic‐scale perspective, by employing a storm‐tracking algorithm in observations and climate change simulations. We show that midlatitude cyclones and anticyclones are both skewed toward stronger upward motions, and that this asymmetry intensifies in a warmer climate. Downward motions are generally influenced by changes in the dry static stability, which increases in a warmer climate, and therefore weaken. However, upward motions are influenced by a reduced static stability, which takes into account the influence of latent heating on saturated ascent. The latter decreases locally in regions of upward motions, especially for strong cyclones, leading to an intensification of the upward velocity. The projected increase in the upward velocity of strong storms has potential implications for extreme midlatitude precipitation events.
Interpreting Rainfall Anomalies Using Rainfall's Nonnegative Nature
Authors: Wang Shixin , Zuo Hongchao , Yin Yixing , Hu Chundi , Yin Jun , Ma Xieyao , Wang Jujie
Published: December 2018

Previous studies emphasized the role of transient disturbances in linking interannual variation of average rainfall (IVAR; average period > 1 month) to external climate forcings. Researchers conventionally use transient eddy‐driven horizontal fluxes of certain variables to explain the IVAR, which is not universally applicable to disturbance‐associated IVAR research because these variables' horizontal distributions can drastically affect their fluxes. Here we demonstrate that the strengthened transient disturbance activities can directly impact IVAR positively in almost all extratropical terrestrial regions in each season. This impact occurs because disturbance strengthened daily downward motions cannot generate negative rainfall to compensate for the increased rainfall generated by disturbance enhanced daily upward motions. This is much more universally applicable to disturbance‐associated IVAR research because it derives transient eddies' direct and independent impacts on IVAR. Because of this impact, the horizontal heterogeneity of global warming rate can modify the long‐term trend of extratropical terrestrial rainfall through disturbance activity trend.
Parametric Decay of Beam‐Generated Langmuir Waves and Three‐Wave Interaction in Plateau Plasmas: Implications for Type III Radiation
Authors: Sauer Konrad , Baumgärtel Klaus , Sydora Richard , Winterhalter Daniel
Published: December 2018

Inspired by the results of particle‐in‐cell simulations on beam‐plasma interaction, we present a mechanism for the generation of radio waves in solar type III bursts which provides a closed chain of the conversion processes from beam‐generated Langmuir waves into electromagnetic emission. The mechanism is characterized by two key steps. The first is a hitherto unknown parametric decay process in which the primary wave directly decays to low‐k Langmuir waves (plasma oscillations) and ion acoustic waves. This decay becomes possible due to changes in the dispersion properties of longitudinal waves initiated by the presence of a beam or a plateau in the electron velocity distribution. A resonant three‐wave interaction is established between the beam‐induced Langmuir wave, the plasma oscillations, and the ion acoustic wave. Due to weak damping of the waves involved, this interaction persists after the beam has relaxed to a plateau and lasts as long as the latter exists. In the second step, low‐k Langmuir waves in the range of “optical wavelengths” can linearly couple to obliquely propagating radio waves at the plasma frequency in a wave number region around the cross points where quasi‐longitudinal and quasi‐transverse modes approach each other. Our model does not need the persistence of the beam and the associated instability for radiation to be produced. Although the theory is local with respect to the plasma frequency, it may open a way to overcome Sturrock's () dilemma of rapid beam relaxation on the one side and long‐lived radiation on the other. The observed frequency variation is suggested to arise by “adiabatic” motion of the beam‐created interaction region through the heliospheric plasma of decreasing electron density. Implications for the interpretation of in situ Langmuir waveforms and the diversity of their frequency spectra are discussed.
Facile fabrication of one-dimensional Te/Cu2Te nanorod composites with improved thermoelectric power factor and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Park Dabin , Ju Hyun , Oh Taeseob , Kim Jooheon
Published: December 2018

In this study, Te/Cu2Te nanorod composites were synthesized using various properties of Cu2Te, and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. The nanorods were synthesized through a solution phase mixing process, using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). With increasing Cu2Te content, the composites exhibited a reduced Seebeck coefficient and enhanced electrical conductivity. These characteristic changes were due to the high electrical conductivity and low Seebeck coefficient of Cu2Te. The composite containing 30 wt.% of Cu2Te nanorods showed the maximum power factor (524.6 μV/K at room temperature). The two types of nanorods were assembled into a 1D nanostructure, and with this structure, thermal conductivity decreased owing to the strong phonon scattering effect. This nanorod composite had a dramatically improved ZT value of 0.3, which was ~545 times larger than that of pristine Te nanorods.
Quantifying site-specific chromatin mechanics and DNA damage response
Authors: Whitefield Daniel B. , Spagnol Stephen T. , Armiger Travis J. , Lan Li , Dahl Kris Noel
Published: December 2018

DNA double-strand breaks pose a direct threat to genomic stability. Studies of DNA damage and chromatin dynamics have yielded opposing results that support either increased or decreased chromatin motion after damage. In this study, we independently measure the dynamics of transcriptionally active or repressed chromatin regions using particle tracking microrheology. We find that the baseline motion of transcriptionally repressed regions of chromatin are significantly less mobile than transcriptionally active chromatin, which is statistically similar to the bulk motion of chromatin within the nucleus. Site specific DNA damage using KillerRed tags induced in loci within repressed chromatin causes an increased motion, while loci within transcriptionally active regions remains unchanged at similar time scales. We also observe a time-dependent response associated with a further increase in chromatin decondensation. Global induction of damage with bleocin displays similar trends of chromatin decondensation and increased mobility only at 53BP1-labeled damage sites but not at non-damaged sites, indicating that chromatin dynamics are tightly regulated locally after damage. These results shed light on the evolution of the local and global DNA damage response associated with chromatin remodeling and dynamics, with direct implications for their role in repair.
Band structure engineering of SnS2/polyphenylene van der Waals heterostructure via interlayer distance and electric field
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Xueping , Wang Tianxing , Geng Zhenduo , Xia Congxin
Published: December 2018

Constructing a van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) by stacking different two-dimensional (2D) materials has been considered to be an effective strategy to obtain the desired properties.
A DFT study of direct furfural conversion to 2-methylfuran on the Ru/Co3O4 surface
Authors: Dong He , Zheng Ying , Hu P.
Published: December 2018

We investigate the direct conversion of furfural to 2-methylfuran on Ru/Co3O4 using DFT calculations.
Photoionization and dissociative photoionization of propynal in the gas phase: theory and experiment
Authors: Derbali Imene , Hrodmarsson Helgi Rafn , Gouid Zied , Schwell Martin , Gazeau Marie-Claire , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Hochlaf Majdi , Alikhani Mohammad Esmal , Zins Emilie-Laure
Published: December 2018

Propynal (HCCCHO) is a compound of considerable astrochemical interest and observed in several interstellar objects.
[CuII{(LISQ)˙−}2] (H2L: thioether-appendedo-aminophenol ligand) monocation triggers change in donor site from N2O2to N2O(2)S and valence-tautomerism
Authors: Rajput Amit , Saha Anannya , Barman Suman K. , Lloret Francesc , Mukherjee Rabindranath
Published: December 2018

The complex [CuII{(LISQ)˙−}2]·CH2Cl2and its 1e−oxidized form are synthesized and structurally characterized; temperature-induced equilibrium, involving [CuII{(LISQ)˙−}{(LIBQ)0}](PF6) ⇌ [CuI{(LIBQ)0}2](PF6) is observed.
Gadolinium complexes of diethylenetriamine-N-oxide pentaacetic acid-bisamide: a new class of highly stable MRI contrast agents with a hydration number of 3
Authors: Zhang BeiBei , Cheng Likun , Duan Bing , Tang Weijun , Yuan Yuan , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo
Published: December 2018

Diethylenetriamine-N-oxide pentaacetic acid-bisamide-based Gd(iii) complexes with 3 coordinated water molecules have been synthesized to achieve high stability and over three times of the relaxivities of commercial MRI contrast agents.
Cu–Co–M arrays on Ni foam as monolithic structured catalysts for water splitting: effects of co-doped S-P
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Shao Qizhao , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: December 2018

Using Cu–Co–P-S as a bifunctional water-splitting catalyst, overpotential of ∼320 mV is obtained at a very low cell voltage of 1.55 V with a current density of 20 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH.
An exceptionally stable NHC complex of indane (InH3)
Authors: Leverett Anthony R. , Cole Marcus L. , McKay Alasdair I.
Published: December 2018

A study of the decomposition of the indium trihydride complex, [InH3(IPr)], has identified a decomposition pathway mediated by proximal alkyl C–H bonds on the ligand. This prompted the synthesis of [InH3(IPr*)], which exhibits vastly superior thermal and air stability relative to the reported InH3 complexes.
Diethylenetriamine functionalized graphene oxide as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions
Authors: Baig Nadeem , Chauhan D. S. , Saleh Tawfik A. , Quraishi M. A.
Published: December 2018

Electrochemical and surface studies of diethylenetriamine functionalized graphene oxide as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions.
The power of the force: mechano-physiology of the giant titin
Authors: Rivas-Pardo Jaime Andrés
Published: December 2018

Titin — the largest protein in the human body — spans half of the muscle sarcomere from the Z-disk to the M-band through a single polypeptide chain. More than 30 000 amino acid residues coded from a single gene (TTN, in humans Q8WZ42) form a long filamentous protein organized in individual globular domains concatenated in tandem. Owing to its location and close interaction with the other muscle filaments, titin is considered the third filament of muscle, after the thick-myosin and the thin-actin filaments.
The emergence of solid stress as a potent biomechanical marker of tumour progression
Authors: Vella Alain , Eko Enanga M. , del Río Hernández Armando
Published: December 2018

Cancer is a disease of dysregulated mechanics which alters cell behaviour, compromises tissue structure, and promotes tumour growth and metastasis. In the context of tumour progression, the most widely studied of biomechanical markers is matrix stiffness as tumour tissue is typically stiffer than healthy tissue. However, solid stress has recently been identified as another marker of tumour growth, with findings strongly suggesting that its role in cancer is distinct from that of stiffness. Owing to the relative infancy of the field which draws from diverse disciplines, a comprehensive knowledge of the relationships between solid stress, tumorigenesis, and metastasis is likely to provide new and valuable insights. In this review, we discuss the micro- and macro-scale biomechanical interactions that give rise to solid stresses, and also examine the techniques developed to quantify solid stress within the tumour environment. Moreover, by reviewing the effects of solid stress on tissues, cancer and stromal cells, and signalling pathways, we also detail its mode of action at each level of the cancer cascade.
Nuclear mechanosensing
Authors: Xia Yuntao , Pfeifer Charlotte R. , Cho Sangkyun , Discher Dennis E. , Irianto Jerome
Published: December 2018

Structural links from the nucleus to the cytoskeleton and to the extracellular environment play a role in direct mechanosensing by nuclear factors. Here, we highlight recent studies that illustrate nuclear mechanosensation processes ranging from DNA repair and nuclear protein phospho-modulation to chromatin reorganization, lipase activation by dilation, and reversible rupture with the release of nuclear factors. Recent progresses demonstrate that these mechanosensing processes lead to modulation of gene expression such as those involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal programs and introduce copy number variations. The nuclear lamina protein lamin A has a recurring role, and various biophysical analyses prove helpful in clarifying mechanisms. The various recent observations provide further motivation to understand the regulation of nuclear mechanosensing pathways in both physiological and pathological contexts.
The role of the institution in scholarly publishing
Authors: Slowe Sarah
Published: December 2018

In providing a supportive and sustainable research environment, the institution has a key role to play in scholarly publishing. Whether that be as a guide, assisting researchers through the maze of publishing options and access to specialist audiences, or as an auditor for funders, or as a financer, agreeing article processing charges and subsidising website maintenance. Equally, the institution is the specialist systems developer and protector of the ‘unpublished’ research. This ensures repositories meet the needs of their researchers. In a wider context, the institution is the rewarder of scholarly publishing though promotions and the horizon scanner, preparing researchers for what is coming next. This piece looks at how the multiple roles of the institution in scholarly publishing impact researchers.
Visualizing the ‘backbone’ of focal adhesions
Authors: Barnett Samuel F. H. , Kanchanawong Pakorn
Published: December 2018

To understand how complex machines perform their functions, it is essential to map out the ‘blueprints’ of how their internal components are organized. Focal adhesions (FAs) are complex mechanobiological structures involved in a plethora of cell biological processes. The application of super-resolution microscopy in concert with protein engineering offers one approach to unravel the complexity of how individual proteins are organized within FAs. In our recent application, the FA protein talin was found to form a direct structural and physical link between integrin and actin. Interestingly, engineered talin constructs with alternate lengths rescaled the FA nanostructure accordingly. This helped establish that talin could be analogous to the backbone of FAs, serving as the mechanosensitive master coordinator of FA structural organization.
Recent developments in scholarly publishing to improve research practices in the life sciences
Authors: Eglen Stephen J. , Mounce Ross , Gatto Laurent , Currie Adrian M. , Nobis Yvonne
Published: December 2018

We outline recent developments in scholarly publishing that we think will improve the working environment and career prospects for life scientists. Most prominently, we discuss two key developments. (1) Life scientists are now embracing a preprint culture leading to rapid dissemination of research findings. (2) We outline steps to overcome the reproducibility crisis. We also briefly describe other innovations in scholarly publishing, along with changes to open access mandates from funding agencies.
Online contingency analysis method for multi‐terminal DC distribution networks with renewable resources
Authors: Chen Pengwei , Xiao Xiangning , Baran Mesut , Wang Xiaochu
Published: December 2018

In this study, an interval arithmetic‐based method has been proposed for contingency analysis of line outage in DC distribution networks. This method incorporates the uncertainties in source/load which become considerable in the system with increasing renewable generations and time‐varying loads. Two‐stage contingency analysis approach is adopted in this method. For the first stage of contingency screening, a contingency filter has been developed based on interval matrix norm to quickly estimate the bounds of operating state in the post‐outage period. For the second stage of detailed analysis to the selected contingencies, the interval analytical model is first transformed into a non‐linear programming‐based equivalent model. To solve this model accurately and efficiently, successive linear programming and reformulation‐linearisation techniques are employed. The proposed method is benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulations and line outage distribution factor‐based method.
Coordinated residential energy resource scheduling with human thermal comfort modelling and renewable uncertainties
Authors: Wang Shu , Luo Fengji , Dong Zhao Yang , Xu Zhao
Published: December 2018

With development of two‐way communication technology, residential users are able to reshape their energy consumption patterns based on demand response signals. This study proposes an optimal residential energy resource scheduling model to minimise the home electricity cost while fully considering the user's life convenience, the user's thermal comfort, and renewable uncertainties. The proposed model accounts for the characteristics of shiftable appliance, air‐conditioning system, electric vehicle's charging pattern, and renewable generation of both wind and solar power. Wasserstein distance metric and K‐medoids‐based scenario generation and reduction techniques are used to address the renewable uncertainty. An adaptive thermal comfort model is employed to estimate the user's indoor thermal comfort degree. A waiting cost model is applied to measure the user's preference on the household appliance's operation. In addition, a recently proposed metaheuristic optimisation algorithm (the natural aggregation algorithm) is used to solve the proposed model. The simulation results show the proposed model is effective in minimising the household's daily electricity bill while preserving the user's comfort level.
Efficient method to compute all the type‐1 low‐voltage power flow solutions in distribution systems
Authors: Zhang Gengwu , Wang Chengmin , Xie Ning
Published: December 2018

The power flow equations usually have multiple solutions including a high‐voltage solution and many low‐voltage solutions, among which only the type‐1 solutions (where the power flow Jacobian matrix has only one positive real‐part eigenvalue) are closely related to the voltage instability phenomenon. This study proposes an efficient method to compute all the type‐1 low‐voltage power flow solutions in distribution systems. First, the geometric properties of the power flow solution space of distribution systems have been studied. Second, the propositions which can guarantee to locate all the type‐1 power flow solutions have been suggested and proved. Finally, the conventional implicit Z‐bus method is modified to compute all the type‐1 germ solutions, based on the suggested propositions; and then the Newton–Raphson method is utilised to trace all the type‐1 low‐voltage power flow solution branches which originate from the known type‐1 germ solutions. The 7‐node, 33‐node, and 69‐node systems are used to validate and demonstrate the proposed method.
PMSG‐based VS‐WECS for constant active power delivery to standalone load using direct matrix converter‐based SST with BESS
Authors: Ahmed Haris , Bhattacharya Avik
Published: December 2018

This study presents a simplified control algorithm for constant active power delivery to a weak‐grid/standalone load from a variable speed‐wind energy conversion system (VS‐WECS). The proposed system consists of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based WECS connected to a weak‐grid/standalone through a direct matrix converter‐based solid‐state transformer (SST) along with a bidirectional buck–boost battery energy storage system (BESS). The power from the WECS is processed through the SST using Venturini‐based control algorithm together with the voltage‐oriented control scheme. This scheme effectively regulates active and reactive power as well as voltage gain of the SST. Wind turbines maximum power point tracking power curves are used to set reference for active power. While the reference for reactive power is taken as zero. The bidirectional buck–boost‐based BESS is used to smoothen the power generated by the PMSG‐based VS‐WECS. It absorbs the surplus power from the WECS during over generating period and delivers power back under power shortage period. To validate the performances of the proposed scheme, extensive simulation has been performed and exclusive hardware built by dSPACE1104 using MATLAB/Simulink.
ARCiS framework for exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Ormel Chris W. , Min Michiel
Published: December 2018

Context. Understanding of clouds is instrumental in interpreting current and future spectroscopic observations of exoplanets. Modeling clouds consistently is complex, since it involves many facets of chemistry, nucleation theory, condensation physics, coagulation, and particle transport.

Aims. We aim to develop a simple physical model for cloud formation and transport, efficient and versatile enough that it can be used, in modular fashion for parameter optimization searches of exoplanet atmosphere spectra. In this work we present the cloud model and investigate the dependence of key parameters as the cloud diffusivity K and the nuclei injection rate Σn. on the planet’s observational characteristics.

Methods. The transport equations are formulated in 1D, accounting for sedimentation and diffusion. The grain size is obtained through a moment method. For simplicity, only one cloud species is considered and the nucleation rate is parametrized. From the resulting physical profiles we simulate transmission spectra covering the visual to mid-IR wavelength range.

Results. We apply our models toward KCl clouds in the atmosphere of GJ1214 b and toward MgSiO3 clouds of a canonical hot-Jupiter. We find that larger K increases the thickness of the cloud, pushing the τ = 1 surface to a lower pressure layer higher in the atmosphere. A larger nucleation rate also increases the cloud thickness while it suppresses the grain size. Coagulation is most important at high Σn. and low K. We find that the investigated combinations of K and Σn. greatly affect the transmission spectra in terms of the slope at near-IR wavelength (a proxy for grain size), the molecular features seen at approximately μm (which disappear for thick clouds, high in the atmosphere), and the 10 μm silicate feature, which becomes prominent for small grains high in the atmosphere.

Conclusions. Clouds have a major impact on the atmospheric characteristics of hot-Jupiters, and models as those presented here are necessary to reveal the underlying properties of exoplanet atmospheres. The result of our hybrid approach – aimed to provide a good balance between physical consistency and computational efficiency – is ideal toward interpreting (future) spectroscopic observations of exoplanets.
Asteroid cratering families: recognition and collisional interpretation
Authors: Milani A. , Knežević Z. , Spoto F. , Paolicchi P.
Published: December 2018

Aims.We continue our investigation of the bulk properties of asteroid dynamical families identified using only asteroid proper elements to provide plausible collisional interpretations. We focus on cratering families consisting of a substantial parent body and many small fragments.

Methods.We propose a quantitative definition of cratering families based on the fraction in volume of the fragments with respect to the parent body; fragmentation families are above this empirical boundary. We assess the compositional homogeneity of the families and their shape in proper element space by computing the differences of the proper elements of the fragments with respect to the ones of the major body, looking for anomalous asymmetries produced either by post-formation dynamical evolution, or by multiple collisional/cratering events, or by a failure of the hierarchical clustering method (HCM) for family identification.

Results.We identified a total of 25 dynamical families with more than 100 members ranging from moderate to heavy cratering. For three families (4, 15 and 283) we confirm the occurrence of two separate cratering events, while family (569) Misa is a mixed case, with one cratering event and one fragmentation event. The case of family 3 remains dubious, in that there could be either one or two collisions. For family 20, we propose a double collision origin, not previously identified. In four cases (31, 480, 163 and 179) we performed a dedicated search for dynamical resonant transport mechanisms that could have substantially changed the shape of the family. By using a new synthetic method for computation of secular frequencies, we found possible solutions for families 31, 480, and 163, but not for family 179, for which we propose a new interpretation, based on a secular resonance contaminating this family: the family of 179 should be split into two separate clusters, one containing (179) itself and the other, family (9506) Telramund, of fragmentation type, for which we have computed an age.
Evidence of isotropy on large distance scales from polarizations of radio sources
Authors: Tiwari Prabhakar , Jain Pankaj
Published: December 2018

We test the isotropy of radio polarization angle orientations with a robust and reliable dual-frequency polarimetric survey of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find that the polarization orientations are consistent with the assumption of isotropy for scales larger than or equal to ∼800 Mpc. This provides further evidence for isotropy at large distance scales and is likely to impose strong constraints on some of the physical mechanisms that may be invoked to explain past observations of alignment of radio and optical polarizations at large distance scales.
The echo of the bar buckling: Phase-space spirals in Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Khoperskov Sergey , Di Matteo Paola , Gerhard Ortwin , Katz David , Haywood Misha , Combes Françoise , Berczik Peter , Gomez Ana
Published: December 2018

We present a high-resolution numerical study of the phase-space diversity in an isolated Milky Way-type galaxy. Using a single N-body simulation (N ≈ 0.14 × 109) we explore the formation, evolution, and spatial variation of the phase-space spirals similar to those recently discovered by Antoja et al. in the Milky Way disk with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). For the first time in the literature we use a self-consistent N-body simulation of an isolated Milky Way-type galaxy to show that the phase-space spirals develop naturally from vertical oscillations driven by the buckling of the stellar bar. Thus, we claim that the physical mechanism standing behind the observed incomplete phase-space mixing process can be internal and not necessarily due to the perturbation induced by a massive satellite. In our model, the bending oscillations propagate outward and produce axisymmetric variations of the mean vertical coordinate and vertical velocity component of about 100 − 200 pc and 1 − 2 km s−1, respectively. As a consequence, the phase-space wrapping results in the formation of patterns with various morphologies across the disk, depending on the bar orientation, distance to the galactic center, and time elapsed since the bar buckling. Once bending waves appear, they are supported for a long time via disk self-gravity. Such vertical oscillations trigger the formation of various time-dependent phase-space spirals in the entire disk. The underlying physical mechanism implies the link between in-plane and vertical motion that leads directly to phase-space structures whose amplitude and shape are in remarkable agreement with those of the phase-space spirals observed in the Milky Way disk. In our isolated galaxy simulation, phase-space spirals are still distinguishable at the solar neighborhood 3 Gyr after the buckling phase. The long-lived character of the phase-space spirals generated by the bar buckling instability cast doubts on the timing argument used so far to get back to the time of the onset of the perturbation: phase-space spirals may have been caused by perturbations originated several gigayearrs ago, and not as recent as suggested so far.
Reducing Economic Disparity in the Outermost and Border Regions: Assessing Barriers and Opportunities in the Electricity Sector
Authors: Arisaktiwardhana Dhandy , Akbar Iqbal
Published: December 2018

Economic disparity is still a major problem threatening Indonesia’s future prosperity. Spatial inequality between rural and urban areas remain to exist and is driven by unequal access to and unaffordable cost of the traditional electricity infrastructures. The national electrification ratio reached 91.16 % in 2016. This paper evaluates the feasibility of reforming existing regulations for Indonesia's electricity sector in its light to reduce economic disparities between-regions and intra- regions in Indonesia. A systematic review of the literature on the publications and research reports is used to provide inputs for revising the regulations of the electricity sector to address more focused mission-oriented objectives. Empirical models are discussed and established to predict the cost-saving from the reduction of CO2emission by applying the technological solutions for renewable energy and energy efficiency. This study finds a cost-saving of Rp. 135 trillion per 40.000 hours-use for the whole electricity consumers in Indonesia that can be converted into financial instruments to support the development of electricity infrastructure in the disadvantaged regions. In the end, the study concludes that there is a clear financial benefit, in the form of opportunity cost, for reforming narration of the electricity policy and further transforming the institutional arrangement.
Poverty And Consumption Of Fossil Energy; Case Study In Yogyakarta Special Province
Authors: Suripto
Published: December 2018

Poverty occurs because of minimum living standards. Revenues occur through the production process. This study wants to show how the consumption of fossil fuels, educational investment and physical capital in the process of economic growth affect the status of low-income families. Solow growth models will be used to explain the impact of fossil fuel consumption, education investment, and physical capital, Yogyakarta Special Province on poverty. The study was conducted by looking at the use of fossil fuels, investment of educators, and physical capital performed by households in Yogyakarta Special Province. The total sample of 3606 households obtained from raw Susenas 2013 data. Estimation model with Logit regression approach.
Cooling Load and Exergy Destruction Analysis in Air Conditioning Operation Room with Ambient Temperature Variation
Authors: Yohana Eflita , Romadhon Revki , Luhung Binawan , Fernando Irwan , Tony Suryo Utomo M.S.K.
Published: December 2018

HVAC installations are essential to the operating room to maintain the safety of environmental conditions and provide comfort for patients and medical personnel. Operating room is a room with a class of 10,000 where the maximum number of particles in the room is 352,000 particles per cubic feet for bacteria 0.5-micrometer size (ISO 14644-1). To achieve the desired air conditions in the operating room required an air conditioning tool that is Air Handling Unit (AHU). The AHU determination shall be adjusted to the cooling load of the chamber derived from the sensible load and latent load. Exergy analysis is required to optimize a process and evaluate the device performance. The purpose of this study is to calculate the cooling load and perform the analysis of exergy destruction on Cooling Coil and Electric Heater in AHU. The calculation of cooling load uses the standard air change method. Exergy analysis uses the second law of thermodynamic concepts related to entropy. The results obtained cooling load and exergy destruction increases with the increase of ambient temperature. Maximum exergy destruction in cooling coil 1 and 2 at 35°C is 3.3 kW and 1.6 kW while in the electric heater is 0.52 kW.
Development of gasification process technology for the production of environmentally friendly and sustainable syngas in Wood Processing Industry
Authors: Harihastuti Nani , yuliasni Rustiana
Published: December 2018

One potential bioenergy that has not been explored to its full is the bioenergy potential of wood processing industry waste. The wood processing industry’s waste from saw mill wood is an alternative fuel substitute for IDO or MFO which has been widely used in the wood processing industry. The calorific value of saw mill wood waste is around 2,600 -3,400 kcal / kg, because there are many cellulose, sulfur, lignin, water biomass and so on. If the use is burned, it will directly give potential environmental impacts in the form of emission gas pollution in the form of Fly Ash, CO2, NOx and CxHy. This method is considered less efficient and gives less value.

This study aims to obtain renewable energy sources by converting sawmill wood solid fuel wood processing industry into clean, sustainable and high-calorie gas fuel (syngas) as well as preventing air pollution. The method used is the development of gasification process technology in the burner vesel fluidized bed reactor with a controlled, low oxygen vertical perforated blade installation, resulting in Syngas. Through the gasification process, saw mill wood waste can be converted into gas that is more flammable with higher calorific value and environmentally friendly (clean energy). Syngas technology will be designed based on the principle of imperfect / oxygen-poor combustion at temperatures of 300 – 500°C, inside the closed vesel, so that the gas formed is CO, H2 and CxHx gas.

The output is the development of gasification process technology that produces bioenergy syngas can be used in the substitution of boiler fuel for an environmentally friendly wood drying process.
Evaluation of Micro Hydro Power Plants in Central Java toward Sustainability against Hydrology Condition of Watershed
Authors: Sriyana Ignatius
Published: December 2018

Land degradation on the upstream of watershed will affect hydrology condition in a way that it will disrupt the sustainability of its existing micro hydro. The purpose of this study is to evaluate micro hydro power plant in central Java toward sustainability against hydrology condition of watershed. This study is using River Regime Coefficient (RRC) approach where hydrology of watershed with coefficient value less than 50 is classified as non-critical, between 50 and 120 is moderate and more than 120 is critical. Result of the study that was done on 33 micro hydro power plants scattered on 9 watersheds is showing that there are 2 power plants on 2 watersheds have hydrology condition in non-critical status (9.09%), 1 power plant on 1 watershed is in between critical and non-critical status (3.03%), 21 power plants on 3 watersheds are in between critical and moderate status (63.64%), 8 power plants on 6 watersheds are in critical status (21.21%) and 1 power plant on 1 watershed is in between moderate and critical status (3.03%).
Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Waste through Pyrolysis with and without Natural Zeolite as Catalysts
Authors: Suhartono  , Kusumo Priyono , Romli Ate , Aulia M. Iqbal , Yanuar Egi Muhamad
Published: December 2018

The main purpose of this work was the possibility to process the plastic waste into an alternative fuel oil through pyrolysis. This pyrolytic fuel can be utilized as an alternative fuel for cookstoves as a liquid petroleum gas (LPG)/kerosene substitute for the household. The pyrolysis was conducted in a design of a simple, inexpensive and easy to operate semi-batch reactors that be applied definitely in urban and rural communities. Two type of plastic wastes were pyrolyzed up to 480 °C with and without natural zeolite as catalyst. The higher fuel yield (%) was obtained when using zeolite in the process. The amount of 1000 g of two plastics waste type with natural zeolite yielded 650 mL (65% vol/w) and 550 mL (55% vol/w), respectively. The density of fuel oil product from 0.700 kg/m3 to 0.710 kg/m3, the fuel oil kinematic viscosity in the range of 1.07 cSt to 1.14 cSt, and the heating value of 38 MJ/kg were obtained. The physical properties and the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR functional groups of this fuel oil were relatively close to that of conventional kerosene fuels. The operational cost of pyrolysis is about IDR 12,300/liters of fuel oil.
Legal Enforcement on Environmental Impact of Palm Oil Plantation of Merauke District
Authors: Alputila Jane Marlyn , Waas Rullof F. Y. , Silambi Erni Dwita , Azis Yuldiana Zesa , Tajuddin Mulyadi Alrianto
Published: December 2018

Merauke City is one of the cities in Papua which has 4.6 million hectares consisting of 3.1 million hectare for forest coverage and the rest is 1.5 non-forest coverage. Around 66% forest coverage consists of primary forest, high-density secondary forest, low-density secondary forest, primary swamp forest, secondary swamp forest, eucalyptus/acacia forest, primary mangrove forest, and secondary mangrove forests. Merauke City is one of the place which has a great potential to maintain and sustain ecological system with its vast territory and its evergreen forest which people keep its sustainability. However, the government and some companies expanding their business take a toll for the balance of the nature, since some of the forest areas are cut down and the industrial waste affects the ecosystem. Some territories in Merauke become heavily polluted from the wastes. One of the pollution cases is from six palm oil companies which has polluted some forests in Merauke, Papua. The companies responsible for the decreasing environmental condition are operating in Malind Bian such as PT Dongin Prabhawa ( Korindo Group), PT Bio Inti Agrindo (Korindo group), PT Central Cipta Murdaya (CCM), PT Agriprima Cipta Persada, PT Hardaya Sawit Papua and PT Berkat Cipta Abadi. The method is of this study is normative legal approach. The result of this study reveals that the government are advised to include the society and the locals to make a decision and to find a good solution for the environment which has been sustaining their life. This may resolve the problem between the palm oil company, the government, and the society to uphold a new law. The government should be strict to set rules in order to be beneficial not only for the companies, but also for the society, the government, and the environment in Merauke City. When the law has been issued, the companies indicated to be violating certain set of rules regarding environmental pollution and contamination, can be evaluated and revoked of their warrant to do business in Merauke. This will be a good solution to make sure the sustainability of the environment, forests, and the society depending on it.
The role of the coastal communities as first responders of stranded marine mammals in East Java
Authors: Kurniawati Achmadah , Wasiq Hidayat Jafron
Published: December 2018

Marine mammals in Indonesia mainly consisting of whales and dolphins belonging to the Cetacean and duyung or dugong of the order Sirenia. These rare animals are protected by law. However, the frequency of marine mammal occurrences stranded in Indonesia is now getting higher, as in East Java. Based on data from whale stranding of Indonesia, at least 12 marine mammal stranded incident occurred only in East Java in 2003-2017. Some events are also reported by BKSDA East Java and BPSPL Denpasar. Knowledge and readiness of coastal communities is needed in the handling of fast and precise in accordance with the guidelines handling. Fast and proper handling of alive stranded animals can reduce the risk of death so that the animals' hope for life and can be restored to their habitats is higher. Whereas in dead stranded animals, rapid and good handling can reduce the risk of disease from stranded animal carcasses.
Carrying capacity for ecotourism development in Tahura K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I
Authors: Wulandari Ari , Maryono Maryono , Setyawan Agus
Published: December 2018

The development of nature tourism in conservation areas such as in Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) should be able to minimize the negative impact for the ecosystem. Tourism activities on the utilization block of Tahura must be limited by applying ecotourism concept which is concerned with environmental conservation and not the concept of mass tourism that is oriented on the number of visitors. Tahura K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I, every year has increased the number of tourist arrivals, most occur in 2016 and 2017 that is equal to 62.8% and 63.5%. This condition harmful the environment if it is not managed in a sustainable way that considers the carrying capacity of its environment. Therefore, a study was conducted to calculate the environmental carrying capacity in the utilization blocks of Tahura K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I using the method of calculating the physical carrying capacity (PCC), real carrying capacity (RCC) and effective carrying capacity (ECC) with the formula developed by Cifuentes (1992). The results of the calculation of environmental carrying capacity can be used as recommendation of the types of tourist activities that can be done, the arrangement of tourist visits, the type of facility that can be built in accordance with the rules of conservation and the number of officers required.
Open Defecation Free (ODF) Program As an Urgent Public Service in Semarang City, Central Java
Authors: Purnaweni Hartuti
Published: December 2018

Semarang is the capital city of Central Java, located in the heart of Java island. However, the number of households practising Open Defecation (OD) is still quite high. This fact is astonishing since Semarang is an urban metropolitan area. Therefore, the municipal government of Semarang set a target of abolishing OD in 2018. This article is focused on awareness of the local dwellers in Jomblang Village, Candisari District, on their OD behavior. Data for this study were collected by library research, observation, and in-depth interviews. The result shows that Open Defecation Free (ODF) is part of Community Based Total Sanitation Program, a segment of important public health service must be provided by the government, but not yet well committed. The local people of Jomblang are not fully aware of the importance of ODF. Successful ODF programme needs active participation of the local dwellers in addition to the responsibility of the government as the public service provider, especially in health service, which is one of the most important service it must provide besides education service. and right page margins and justified.
The Impact of Globalization agains Environmental Condition in Indonesia
Authors: Sasana Hadi , Prakoso Jalu Aji , Setyaningsih Yuliani
Published: December 2018

Globalization led to the movement of goods, services, technology, capital and people no longer recognize the limits of the State. The main product of globalization was the inception of a multinational corporation, with characteristic expansiveness and exploratory. Expansive activities that are done naturally bring such potential negative impacts of pollution of water, soil, air, the destruction of forests, the habitats of flora and fauna. This research aims to analyze the impact of globalization is globally against environmental degradation in Indonesia during the period of 1990 – 2015. The results of the analysis showed a negative effect of economic globalization against environmental conditions (CO2emissions), while the influential social and political globalization is positive towards CO2emissions.
Multi Criteria Analysis of Built-Up Land Suitability in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Dety Novia Utami Nabila , Supriatna Supriatna , Anggrahita Hayuning
Published: December 2018

The existence of Mount Merapi in Sleman Regency makes the agricultural land so fertile and that becomes the attraction for humans to occupy the region. A high population growth will lead to the people demand of the availability built-up land higher. However, the volcanic activity of Mount Merapi becomes a threat to the people who live in the area of Disaster Prone Areas of Mount Merapi. This study presented an application of multi criteria analysis technique as an approach to deal with the built-up land suitability. Physical and accessibility data such as slope, landform, distance from the river, distance from road, distance from the center of economic activities, and Mount Merapi disaster-prone area will be used as limiting factor of built-up land. The result shows that the majority of Sleman Regency is suitable for built-up land.
C Stock of Top Soil and It Spatial Distribution in Mangrove Community of Trimulyo, Semarang City
Authors: Mutiatari Dhita Prasisca , Pribadi Rudhi , Martuti Nana Kariada Tri
Published: December 2018

Mangrove ecosystem plays important role as carbon sink, not only on mangrove community but also on the top soil. The purposes of this research were 1) to estimates and compare C-stocks in vegetation and non-vegetation mangrove soils (represented by aquaculture ponds and mudflats); 2) modeling the spatial distribution of soil C-stocks in the study area. The purposive sampling method was used to determine 16 sample plots representing vegetation and non-vegetation mangroves. In each plot, the soil samples were taken on top soil layer (0-10 cm). For general display of spatial distribution maps of soil C-stocks, spatial interpolation is used by the Ordinary Kriging method. The result showed that total of soil C-stocks in coastal area of Trimulyo was 148.53 MgC ha-1, with composition of 53.59% in mangrove vegetation, 38.82% and 7.57% in cultivation pond and mudflat, respectively. Statistical analysis with ANOVA test showed no significant difference (ρ = 0.972) between soil C stock in vegetation and non-vegetation mangrove. It shows that the water column on the coast of Trimulyo has great potential as a carbon store.
Spatial Pattern of Tourist Distribution based on Physical and Accessibility Factors in Pacitan Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Karita Putri Osiana , Dewi Susilowati M H
Published: December 2018

Pacitan Regency has the potential natural tourism because in the south is adjecent to the Indian Ocean and that region has many caves. The number of tourists visit in Pacitan Regency has recently increased, especially in 2017 is the highest number of tourists visit. Spatial pattern of tourist distribution can be analyzed based on terrain, type of network and the distance from city center. The purpose of this study is analyzing spatial pattern of tourist distribution based on physical factor (terrain) and accessibility factors (type of road network and the distance from city center) then the factors that have significant relation. The data are collected by observation, interview, plotting, and documentation. The method used in this research was descriptive and statistics. The tourists distribution in this research are total of tourist arrivals 2017 in tourism object that registered by the department of tourism, youth, and sport of Pacitan Regency. The result shows the highest tourist distribution is on Teleng Ria Beach and Klayar Beach. Teleng Ria Beach is on flat terrain, located on local road and near from city center of Pacitan Regency. Klayar Beach is on undulating terrain, located on other road and moderate from city center of Pacitan Regency. The highest tourist distribution in Teleng Ria Beach and Klayar Beach are reinforced with the most complete primary, secondary and conditional facilities among other tourism objects in Pacitan Regency. Statistics show significant relation between tourist distribution and physical factor (terrain).