bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On rigidity of 3d asymptotic symmetry algebras
Authors: Farahmand Parsa A. , Safari H. R. , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We study rigidity and stability of infinite dimensional algebras which are not subject to the Hochschild-Serre factorization theorem. In particular, we consider algebras appearing as asymptotic symmetries of three dimensional spacetimes, the

$$ \mathfrak{b}\mathfrak{m}{\mathfrak{s}}_3 $$

b
m

s
3

,

$$ \mathfrak{u}(1) $$

u

1

Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras. We construct and classify the family of algebras which appear as deformations of

$$ \mathfrak{b}\mathfrak{m}{\mathfrak{s}}_3 $$

b
m

s
3

,

$$ \mathfrak{u}(1) $$

u

1

Kac-Moody and their central extensions by direct computations and also by cohomological analysis. The Virasoro algebra appears as a specific member in this family of rigid algebras; for this case stabilization procedure is inverse of the Inönü-Wigner contraction relating Virasoro to bms3 algebra. We comment on the physical meaning of deformation and stabilization of these algebras and relevance of the family of rigid algebras we obtain.
A note on three-point functions of unprotected operators
Authors: Bianchi Marco S.
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Given the recent progress in computing three-point functions in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 SYM via integrability, I provide here a novel direct calculation of some structure constants at weak coupling. The main focus is on correlators involving more than one unprotected operator, at two-loop order in the perturbative expansion.
Holographic quantum circuits from splitting/joining local quenches
Authors: Shimaji Teppei , Takayanagi Tadashi , Wei Zixia
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We study three different types of local quenches (local operator, splitting and joining) in both the free fermion and holographic CFTs in two dimensions. We show that the computation of a quantity called entanglement density, provides a systematic method to capture essential properties of local quenches. This allows us to clearly understand the differences between the free and holographic CFTs as well as the distinctions between three local quenches. We also analyze holographic geometries of splitting/joining local quenches using the AdS/BCFT prescription. We show that they are essentially described by time evolutions of boundary surfaces in the bulk AdS. We find that the logarithmic time evolution of entanglement entropy arises from the region behind the Poincaré horizon as well as the evolutions of boundary surfaces. In the CFT side, our analysis of entanglement density suggests such a logarithmic growth is due to initial non-local quantum entanglement just after the quench. Finally, by combining our results, we propose a new class of gravity duals, which are analogous to quantum circuits or tensor networks such as MERA, based on the AdS/BCFT construction.
Seesaw mirroring between light and heavy Majorana neutrinos with the help of the S3 reflection symmetry
Authors: Xing Zhi-Zhong , Zhang Di
Published: March 2019

Abstract

In the canonical seesaw mechanism we require the relevant neutrino mass terms to be invariant under the S
3 charge-conjugation transformations of left- and right-handed neutrino fields. Then both the Dirac mass matrix M
D and the right-handed neutrino mass matrix M
R are well constrained, so is the effective light Majorana neutrino mass matrix M

ν
via the seesaw formula. We find that these mass matrices can be classified into 22 categories, among which some textures respect the well-known μ-τ permutation or reflection symmetry and flavor democracy. It is also found that there exist remarkable structural equalities or similarities between M

ν
and M
R, reflecting a seesaw mirroring relationship between light and heavy Majorana neutrinos. We calculate the corresponding light neutrino masses and flavor mixing parameters as well as the CP-violating asymmetries in decays of the lightest heavy Majorana neutrino, and show that only the flavored leptogenesis mechanism is possible to work for three categories of M
D and M
R in the S
3 reflection symmetry limit.
Characterizing the Manifest Probability Distributions of Three Latent Trait Models for Accuracy and Response Time
Authors: Marsman M. , Sigurdardóttir H. , Bolsinova M. , Maris G.
Published: March 2019

In this paper we study the statistical relations between three latent trait models for accuracies and response times: the hierarchical model (HM) of van der Linden (Psychometrika 72(3):287–308, 2007), the signed residual time model (SM) proposed by Maris and van der Maas (Psychometrika 77(4):615–633, 2012), and the drift diffusion model (DM) as proposed by Tuerlinckx and De Boeck (Psychometrika 70(4):629–650, 2005). One important distinction between these models is that the HM and the DM either assume or imply that accuracies and response times are independent given the latent trait variables, while the SM does not. In this paper we investigate the impact of this conditional independence property—or a lack thereof—on the manifest probability distribution for accuracies and response times. We will find that the manifest distributions of the latent trait models share several important features, such as the dependency between accuracy and response time, but we also find important differences, such as in what function of response time is being modeled. Our method for characterizing the manifest probability distributions is related to the Dutch identity (Holland in Psychometrika 55(6):5–18, 1990).
Direction of the Biopsy Needle in Ultrasound-Guided Renal Biopsy Impacts Specimen Adequacy and Risk of Bleeding
Authors: Sawicka Katherine , Hassan Noman , Dumaine Chance , Budd Allison , Wall Chris , Banerjee Tamalina , Lim Hyun J. , Mondal Prosanta , Barton James , Moser Michael A.J.
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Although medical factors such as hypertension and coagulopathy have been identified that are associated with hemorrhage after renal biopsy, little is known about the role of technical factors. The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of biopsy needle direction on renal biopsy specimen adequacy and bleeding complications.

Methods

Two hundred and forty-two patients who had undergone ultrasound-guided renal biopsies were included. A printout of the ultrasound picture taken at the time of the biopsy was used to measure the biopsy angle (“angle of attack” [AOA]) and to determine if the biopsy needle was aimed at the upper or lower pole and if the medulla was targeted or avoided.

Results

Of the 3 groups of biopsy angle, an AOA of between 50°–70° yielded the most glomeruli per core ( P = .001) and the fewest inadequate specimens (4% vs 15% for > 70°, and 9% for < 50°, P = .038). Biopsy directed at a pole vs an interpolar region resulted in fewer inadequate specimens (8% vs 23%, P = .005), while biopsies that were medulla-avoiding resulted in fewer inadequate specimens (5% vs 16%, P = .004) and markedly reduced bleeding complications (12% vs 46%, P < .001) compared to biopsies where the medulla was entered.

Discussion

An AOA of approximately 60°, aiming at the poles, and avoiding the medulla were each associated with fewer inadequate biopsies and bleeding complications. While biopsy of the medulla is necessary for some diagnoses, the increased bleeding risk emphasizes the need for communication between nephrologist, pathologist, and radiologist.
Locus coeruleus MRI contrast is reduced in Alzheimer's disease dementia and correlates with CSF Aβ levels
Authors: Betts Matthew J. , Cardenas‐Blanco Arturo , Kanowski Martin , Spottke Annika , Teipel Stefan J. , Kilimann Ingo , Jessen Frank , Düzel Emrah
Published: March 2019

Introduction

This study aimed to assess how interindividual differences in locus coeruleus (LC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast relate to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

LC MRI contrast was quantified in 73 individuals from the DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) study comprising 25 healthy elderly adults and 21 individuals with subjective cognitive decline, 16 with mild cognitive impairment, and 11 participants with AD dementia using 3D T1‐weighted fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) imaging (0.75 mm isotropic resolution). Bootstrapped Pearson's correlations between LC contrast, CSF amyloid, and tau were performed in 44 individuals with CSF biomarker status.

Results

A significant regional decrease in LC MRI contrast was observed in patients with AD dementia but not mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline compared with healthy controls. A negative association between LC MRI contrast and levels of CSF amyloid but not with CSF tau was found.

Discussion

These results provide first evidence for a direct association between LC MRI contrast using in vivo T1‐weighted FLASH imaging and AD pathology.
ZeeWeed MBR helps city in Canada meet wastewater effluent limits for phosphorous
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: March 2019

This brief article covers some of the latest developments in SUEZ's ZeeWeed™ 500 membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. It looks at how a city in Canada is using it to meet wastewater effluent limits for phosphorous – protecting a lake and the environment. It also describes the company's latest Zeeweed 500 membranes, which are designed to bring reliability and flexibility to small MBR wastewater treatment facilities.
Ion exchangers make brine treatment using chlor-alkali electrolysis more efficient
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: March 2019

In this month's first technology focus, German speciality chemicals company Lanxess explains how brine purification using the fine monodisperse, macroporous chelating resins from its Lewatit Mono Disperse Small (MDS) range, makes chlor-alkali electrolysis, which relies on membrane-based techniques, more efficient.
One British Thing: A Fifth-Century Ceramic Beaker
Authors: Fleming Robin
Published: March 2019

A post-Roman folded beaker allows us to see traditional Romano-British material culture and material practices continuing into the fifth century and helps us understand the problem of the blanket labeling of all objects made after ca. 400 as “Anglo-Saxon.”
“Rotten Effeminate Stuff”: Patriarchy, Domesticity, and Home in Victorian and Edwardian English Public Schools
Authors: Hamlett Jane
Published: March 2019

During the nineteenth century, British public schools became increasingly important, turning out thousands of elite young men. Historians have long recognized the centrality of these institutions to modern British history and to understandings of masculinity in this era. While studies of universities and clubs have revealed how fundamental the rituals and everyday life of institutions were to the creation of masculinity, public schools have not been subjected to the same scrutiny. Approaches to date have emphasized the schools’ roles in distancing boys from the world of the home, domesticity, femininity, and women. Focusing on three case-study schools, Winchester College, Charterhouse, and Lancing College, this article offers a reassessment of the relationship between home and school in the Victorian and Edwardian period and contributes to the growing literature on forms of masculine domesticity in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the reformed public schools, the ideal of the patriarchal household was often essential, and in producing it, the presence of significant women—the wives of headmasters and housemasters—could be vital. The schools also worked to create a specifically masculine form of domesticity through boys’ performance of mundane domestic tasks in the “fagging” system, which was often imagined in terms of the chivalric service ideal. Letters from the period show how the everyday worlds of school and home remained enmeshed, revealing the distinctive nature of family relationships forged by the routine of presence and absence that public schools created.
From Chelsea to Savannah: Medicines and Mercantilism in the Atlantic World
Authors: Dorner Zachary
Published: March 2019

In 1732, the London Society of Apothecaries joined the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America in a scheme to establish an experimental garden in the nascent colony. This garden was designed to benefit the trustees’ bottom line, as well as to provide much-needed drugs to British apothecaries at a time of increasing overseas warfare and the mortality it entailed. The effort to grow medicinal plants in Georgia drew together a group of partners who began to recognize the economic potential of botany, and of medicinal plants specifically, in calculations of political economy. The plan depended on the knowledge production occurring at the apothecaries’ Chelsea Physic Garden and their efforts to adapt to a changing medicine trade by finding customers among state-sponsored institutions. Taken together, the histories of the gardens at Chelsea and Savannah illustrate that a perceived need for medicines brought plants into expressions of state power long before the network of botanical stations emblematic of the nineteenth-century empire. This earlier transatlantic story pairs the commercialization of health-care provision with shifts in imperial policy in the long eighteenth century.
Mode competition in galloping of a square cylinder at low Reynolds number
Authors: Li Xintao , Lyu Zhen , Kou Jiaqing , Zhang Weiwei
Published: March 2019

Galloping is a type of fluid-elastic instability phenomenon characterized by large-amplitude low-frequency oscillations of the structure. The aim of the present study is to reveal the underlying mechanisms of galloping of a square cylinder at low Reynolds numbers ($Re$) via linear stability analysis (LSA) and direct numerical simulations. The LSA model is constructed by coupling a reduced-order fluid model with the structure motion equation. The relevant unstable modes are first yielded by LSA, and then the development and evolution of these modes are investigated using direct numerical simulations. It is found that, for certain combinations of$Re$and mass ratio ($m^{\ast }$), the structure mode (SM) becomes unstable beyond a critical reduced velocity$U_{c}^{\ast }$due to the fluid–structure coupling effect. The galloping oscillation frequency matches exactly the eigenfrequency of the SM, suggesting that the instability of the SM is the primary cause of galloping phenomenon. Nevertheless, the$U_{c}^{\ast }$predicted by LSA is significantly lower than the galloping onset$U_{g}^{\ast }$obtained from numerical simulations. Further analysis indicates that the discrepancy is caused by the nonlinear competition between the leading fluid mode (FM) and the SM. In the pre-galloping region$U_{c}^{\ast }<U^{\ast }U_{g}^{\ast }$, mode competition is weakened because of the large difference in mode frequencies, and thereby no mode lock-in can happen. Consequently, galloping occurs, with the responses determined by the joint action of SM and FM. The unstable SM leads to the low-frequency large-amplitude vibration of the cylinder, while the unstable FM results in the high-frequency vortex shedding in the wake. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) technique is successfully applied to extract the coherent flow structures corresponding to SM and FM, which we refer to as the galloping mode and the von Kármán mode, respectively. In addition, we show that, due to the mode competition mechanism, the galloping-type oscillation completely disappears below a critical mass ratio. From these results, we conclude that transverse galloping of a square cylinder at low$Re$is essentially a kind of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) flutter, superimposed by a forced vibration induced by the natural vortex shedding. Mode competition between SM and FM in the nonlinear stage can put off the onset of galloping, and can completely suppress the galloping phenomenon at relatively low$Re$and low$m^{\ast }$conditions.
Transition to the secondary vortex street in the wake of a circular cylinder
Authors: Jiang Hongyi , Cheng Liang
Published: March 2019

Instabilities and flow characteristics in the far wake of a circular cylinder are examined through direct numerical simulations. The transitions to the two-layered and secondary vortex streets are quantified by a new method based on the time-averaged transverse velocity field. Two processes for the transition to the secondary vortex street are observed: (i) the merging of two same-sign vortices over a range of low Reynolds numbers ($Re$) between 200 and 300, and (ii) the pairing of two opposite-sign vortices, followed by the merging of the paired vortices into subsequent vortices, over a range of $Re$ between 400 and 1000. Single vortices may be generated between the merging cycles due to mismatch of the vortices. The irregular merging process results in flow irregularity and an additional frequency signal $f_{2}$ (in addition to the primary vortex shedding frequency $f_{1}$) in the two-layered and secondary vortex streets. In particular, a gradual energy transfer from $f_{1}$ to $f_{2}$ with distance downstream is observed in the two-layered vortex street prior to the merging. The frequency spectra of $f_{2}$ are broad-band for $Re=200$–300 but become increasingly sharp-peaked with increasing $Re$ because the vortex merging process becomes increasingly regular. The ratio of the sharp-peaked frequencies $f_{2}$ and $f_{1}$ is equal to the ratio of the numbers of vortices observed after and before the merging. The general conclusions drawn from a circular cylinder are expected to be applicable to other bluff bodies.
Inka Militarism at the Pambamarca Complex in Northern Ecuador
Authors: Connell Samuel V. , Anderson Amber , Gifford Chad , González Ana Lucía
Published: March 2019

In this article, we present research on Inka actions in the face of resistance by indigenous peoples on the northern frontier. We link fieldwork at the Pambamarca complex in northern Ecuador with historic documents to provide important context for further examining imperial processes. With its three site types, Pambamarca offers an opportunity to examine the range of tendencies that groups undergo during imperial moments. Its sites show evidence of both direct displays and the materialization of forceful control or takeover, as well as the more passive, nonsettler, decentralized hegemonic narratives also commonly associated with empire. Here we present detailed data for Inka military installations used to confront a prolonged resistance by the País Caranqui, a decentralized confederation of Caranqui-Cayambe peoples. Evidence from surveys and excavations— including architectural planning, distribution of artifacts, and military encounters—at two large sites in the complex, Quitoloma and Campana Pucara, helps expand our current understandings of the Inka invasion in northern Ecuador while broadening our perspective on the imperial narrative in South America.
Quality Control and Chronology: Response to Inomata and Colleagues
Authors: Love Michael
Published: March 2019

I thank my colleagues for their comments, but I disagree with their assessment.
3D subsurface characterisation of the Belgian Continental Shelf: a new voxel modelling approach
Authors: Hademenos Vasileios , Stafleu Jan , Missiaen Tine , Kint Lars , Van Lancker Vera R.M.
Published: March 2019

Modelling of surface and shallow subsurface data is getting more and more advanced and is demonstrated mostly for onshore (hydro)geological applications. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling techniques are used increasingly, and now include voxel modelling that often employs stochastic or probabilistic methods to assess model uncertainty. This paper presents an adapted methodological workflow for the 3D modelling of offshore sand deposits and aims at demonstrating the improvement of the estimations of lithological properties after incorporation of more geological layers in the modelling process. Importantly, this process is driven by new geological insight from the combined interpretation of seismic and borehole data. Applying 3D modelling techniques is challenging given that offshore environments may be heavily reworked through time, often leading to thin and discontinuous deposits. Since voxel and stochastic modelling allow in-depth analyses of a multitude of properties (and their associated uncertainties) that define a lithological layer, they are ideal for use in an aggregate resource exploitation context. The voxel model is now the backbone of a decision support system for long-term sand extraction on the Belgian Continental Shelf.
Toward a cultural psychology of collective action: Just how “core” are the core motivations for collective action?
Authors: van Zomeren Martijn
Published: March 2019

I review the interesting contributions to this special thematic section in light of what has been referred to as the four core motivations for collective action (i.e. moral conviction, and group identification, anger and efficacy beliefs). Specifically, I relate the key findings and insights from these articles — based on intriguing data from participant samples in the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia and China — to these core motivations for collective action, after which I raise the question of just how “core” these motivations are, with an eye to an abundance of cultural variance. I answer this question by suggesting a number of conceptual bridges to move the field forward toward a proper cultural psychology of collective action. Such a cultural psychology, in my view, does justice not only to the notion of core motivations for collective action but also to the abundance of cultural variance. Specifically, I suggest to think about culture in terms of guiding when collective action is more or less likely to occur, within which the core motivations reflect the psychological processes that facilitate it.
A matrilineal and matrilocal Muslim society in flux: negotiating gender and family relations in the Comoros
Authors: Blanchy Sophie
Published: March 2019

Ngazidja Island in the Comoros archipelago (in the south-western region of the Indian Ocean) is an example of a matrilineal and matrilocal Muslim society. This article addresses the various ways in which the Ngazidja people negotiate gender and family relations by referring to matrilineal or Islamic norms and values, and the influence of Islamic reforms and Western norms. Matriliny is linked to a local political organization based on an age system and a male political assembly. This link explains the specific way in which matrilineal and Islamic ideologies are linked. Marriage is ruled by Islamic law, but alliances between matrilineal descent groups follow other rationales. The existence of two matrimonial regimes illustrates this distinction. The conceptions of fatherhood produced in Ngazidja shed light on the key issue of male authority in matrilineal and Muslim contexts.
Spatial politics and gendered strategies: women traders and institutions in Oke Arin market, Lagos
Authors: Nwankwo Nkechi Eke
Published: March 2019

Markets in Lagos, as in other parts of Yorubaland, are discursively constructed as spaces where women are in charge, perhaps based on their numbers. However, this article on the spatial relationships between women traders, the state and market institutions at Oke Arin in Lagos points to women's subordination and reflects Doreen Massey's concept of gendered spaces. Massey explains that spaces are in themselves gendered and that they also reflect and affect how gender is constructed and enforced in a specific context. The study is based on a sample of eighty Lagos (Yoruba) women traders and uses a combination of surveys, in-depth interviews, observation and secondary data to examine gendered strategies for survival and accumulation. I argue that, contrary to the perceptions of powerful Lagos market women, Massey's ‘internal structures of domination and subordination’ are evident in spatial governance, ownership and access at Oke Arin. Therefore, in response to spatial politics and the dominating structures of market and government authorities, women traders devise strategies of resistance, sometimes pushing the boundaries of legality to secure their livelihoods.
His mother became medicine: drinking problems, ethical transformation and maternal care in central Uganda
Authors: Scherz China , Mpanga George
Published: March 2019

Excessive alcohol consumption often appears as an issue of great concern for the friends and family members of drinkers in Uganda, where per capita consumption rates among drinkers are among the highest in the world. In many cases, these families seek care for their loved ones in small shops run by herbalists, in the shrines of spirit mediums, in the pews of churches, or in one of several newly established inpatient rehabilitation centres. Yet, acts of intervention come not only from living family members or friends, but also from an array of spiritual beings who may arrive uninvited and outside intentional therapeutic contexts. In this article, we consider a case in which a mother's spirit intervenes in the life of her son, first by possessing his body and then by continuing to dwell there in ways that make it impossible for him to drink. This case highlights the importance of forces experienced as non-self in life-transforming processes, and demands that we give attention to a moment in a person's life when the work of care is achieved through an act of physical force.
Deceiving the spirit: engaging with the Holy Spirit in Catholic Uganda
Authors: Ravalde Liz
Published: March 2019

During ethnographic fieldwork among lay Catholics in eastern Uganda, informants occasionally turned to deception in their dealings with God and the Holy Spirit; in doing so, they appeared to reject the Christian notion of divine omnipotence and omniscience. Based on ethnography conducted in a sub-county I call Buluya, this article tries to explain how such attempts are deemed possible and plausible. My argument is made up of two main strands. First, I argue that, in an indeterminate social landscape in which no one can ever fully ‘know’ (ngeo) another person, many interpersonal relationships in Buluya are firmly grounded in practical efforts to gain better jobs, more money, education and greater security. I show how deception is a normal and morally neutral aspect of these relationships, as each party strives to protect what they have, and to improve their prospects. Second, I draw on ethnographic and historical data to suggest that the Holy Spirit has entered into the local cosmology in Buluya as a powerful yet limited being, dependent to some extent on the guidance of its human mediators. Finally, I bring these two strands together to suggest that, when the Holy Spirit is conceived of as a limited being (it, too, does not fully know people), relationships with it that take place through a human mediator can also be legitimately characterized by deception, without risking the work of the Holy Spirit.
Introduction: Why Do We Need New Narratives for the History of the Federal Republic?
Authors: Biess Frank , Eckert Astrid M.
Published: March 2019

Observers of German current affairs and historians of contemporary Germany have long been cognizant of the shadow that the Nazi past and its crimes cast over postwar German history. Likewise, it has long been widely accepted as appropriate that the “old” Federal Republic would develop a political culture marked by reserve and modesty on the international stage and in its public representation—whatever seemed the opposite of the pomp, power, and ruthlessness of past German regimes. Whereas the prospect of unification in 1989-1990 still triggered concerns about the country's possible relapse into attitudes and behaviors worthy of a “fourthReich,” two decades later, Germans were treated to the news that theirs was “the most positively viewed nation in the world.” A few years later still, German Chancellor Angela Merkel found herself widely hailed as the “leader of the free world,” a phrase soaked in Cold War connotations and hitherto reserved for the president of the United States. Merkel probably had little desire for such a click-bait label; it was the world around her that had changed on the coattails of the global ascendancy of right-wing populism and authoritarianism, resulting, for example, in the British vote to leave the European Union (“Brexit”), the presidency of Donald Trump, and the attempt of the Polish government to do away with the separation of powers. With the strong showing of the right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) party in the 2017 federal elections, this development had begun to affect domestic politics in Germany as well.
Against the 1989–1990 Ending Myth
Authors: Allen Jennifer L.
Published: March 2019

This article aims to temper the fetishization of the events of 1989–1990. It explores how the historical framing of the Federal Republic transforms when 1989–1990 becomes peripheral, and argues that the force of 1989–1990 as a mythic ending relies on two interpretive paradigms: on a temporal sensibility based on a belief in the progressive development of politics and society, and on a conception of identity and difference understood in terms of a Cold War global order. The article highlights how these twentieth-century paradigms guided the historiography that made 1989–1990 the climax of the history of the Federal Republic. The precondition of any new master narrative for the Federal Republic is the recognition that these paradigms have lost their purchase. Viewed instead through the new temporal sensibility of presentism and the lateral power politics of globalization, 1989–1990 assumes a new position amid longer arcs of historical change that do not hinge on the fate of the Berlin Wall.

Dieser Aufsatz zielt darauf ab die Fetischisierung der Ereignisse von 1989–1990 abzuschwächen. In diesem Sinne wird untersucht, wie sich der historische Rahmen der Bundesrepublik verändert, wenn 1989–1990 an die Peripherie gerückt wird; dabei wird argumentiert, dass die Kraft von 1989–1990 als ein mythisches Ende auf zwei interpretativen Paradigmen beruht, nämlich zum ersten auf einer temporalen Sensibilität, die auf einem Glauben an eine fortschrittliche Entwicklung von Politik und Gesellschaft beruht, und zum zweiten auf einem Konzept von Identität und Unterschiedlichkeit, das auf der globalen Ordnung des Kalten Krieges fußt. Der Aufsatz hebt hervor, wie diese Paradigmen des 20. Jahrhunderts die Historiographie bestimmten, die 1989–1990 zum Höhepunkt der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik gestaltete. Die Vorbedingung eines jeden neuen Masternarrativs für die Bundesrepublik ist somit die Erkenntnis, dass diese Paradigmen ihre Kraft verloren haben. Wenn man 1989–1990 dagegen vom Blickwinkel der neuen temporalen Sensibilität des Presentismus und der lateralen Machtpolitik der Globalisierung betrachtet, nimmt es eine neue Position ein: eine Position inmitten längerer historischer Veränderungsprozessen, die nicht vom Schicksal der Berliner Mauer abhängen.
(Not) Narrating the History of the Federal Republic: Reflections on the Place of the New Left in West German History and Historiography
Authors: Häberlen Joachim C.
Published: March 2019

This article offers a critical engagement with narratives of the Federal Republic and with the role that the radical, extra-parliamentary left played within such narratives from the late 1960s into the 1970s. The article first discusses success stories of the Federal Republic that highlight the country's democratic achievements, as well as more critical accounts that focus on the emergence of a neoliberal regime of governmentality. In both accounts, the radical left plays a pivotal role, either because the left contributed to the democratization of the Federal Republic, or because it helped transform capitalism into its current neoliberal form. The article then challenges such narratives by suggesting an interpretation of the alternative left during the 1970s as a space for experimentation, and by highlighting the open-endedness of such experiments. Gaining a sense for this sort of experimentation means that the alternative left can be embedded neither in a narrative of successful democratization nor in one of neoliberal transformation. Finally, the article examines the urban revolts of 1980-1981, in particular ones that took place in West Berlin. Activists in these revolts celebrated the exuberant intensity of the moment but cared less about future changes. The challenge here is to understand the intensity of a moment that cannot be embedded in a narrative with a clear outcome. The article thus presents perspectives on the history of the Federal Republic that defy easy integration into any narrative framing.
Helmut Schmidt, Euromissiles, and the Peace Movement
Authors: Cary Noel D.
Published: March 2019

On February 1, 2019, President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from a landmark Cold War treaty: the agreement between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev to ban intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe. One day after Trump's announcement, Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would also withdraw from the treaty. Allegations of Russian violations in recent years have thus led to actions that threaten to return Europe to some of the most frightening days of the Cold War.
‘THE DEATH OF INTESTATE OLD MEN’: GILBERT HIGHET'S PAPER ON JUVENAL 1.144
Authors: Ball Robert J.
Published: March 2019

The versehinc subitae mortes atque intestata senectus(Juv. 1.144) has long fuelled considerable debate and discussion among classical scholars. This hexameter occurs in the passage of the first satire that describes the aspect of the patron-client relationship where the rich patron, ignoring the plight of his poor and hungry clients, enjoys a sumptuous but deadly feast. After dining on delicacies such as boar and peacock, he bathes on a bloated stomach, causing him to die suddenly and apparently intestate, and causing those angry at being deprived of their legacy to cheer at his funeral (1.140b–6):quanta est gula quae sibi totosponit apros, animal propter conuiuia natum!poena tamen praesens, cum tu deponis amictusturgidus et crudum pauonem in balnea portas.hinc subitae mortes atque intestata senectus.it noua nec tristis per cunctas fabula cenas;ducitur iratis plaudendum funus amicis.
Bahrain Parliamentary Election Results: 25 November and 2 December 2006
Authors: Gause F. Gregory
Published: March 2019

There are forty single-member districts in Bahrain. If a candidate wins a majority of the total votes cast in the district in the first round, he or she is elected. If no candidate receives a majority, the top two vote-getters compete in a runoff election one week later. Political parties are banned, but political “associations” act as parties, supporting lists of candidates, coordinating campaign activity, and publishing platforms. Districts are configured to overrepresent the Sunni minority.
POSTREVOLUTIONARY IRAN AND SHIءI LEBANON: CONTESTED HISTORIES OF SHIءI TRANSNATIONALISM
Authors: Shaery-Eisenlohr Roschanack
Published: March 2019

In 2002 the Cultural Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Beirut invited Mehdi Chamran to visit Lebanon. Chamran's late brother, Mustafa, was a member of an anti-Pahlavi opposition movement with bases in Lebanon from 1970 to 1979. During his visit, Chamran was to meet several Lebanese Shiءi personalities and to visit Shiءa-run institutions in South Lebanon, including institutions affiliated with the Lebanese Shiءi political party Amal (Afwaj al-Muqawama al-Lubnaniyya), which is headed by the current speaker of the Lebanese Parliament, Nabih Berri, in order to speak about his late brother. In fact, many of the Lebanese Shiءa attending the speech had personally known Mustafa. He had, after all, offered military training to many active in Lebanon's first Shiءi militia, which subsequently became the Amal movement. On February 15, at the Nabih Berri Cultural Complex (Mujammaʿ Nabih Berri al-Thaqafi), in Tallat al-Radar, a town near Nabatiyya, in South Lebanon, Chamran began a speech by reading passages from his brother's letters and notes from 1973 that described the political atmosphere in South Lebanon amid Israeli military attacks. Chamran went on to discuss the relationship between the Islamic Revolution and Lebanese Shiءa, emphasizing the theme of closeness and unity. For a moment, as he read these passages, Chamran implied that Iranian and Lebanese Shiءa had been moving back and forth for centuries between their respective countries and hence were what one scholar calls “distant relations.”
THE SLAPS FELT AROUND THE ARAB WORLD: FAMILY AND NATIONAL MELODRAMA IN TWO NASSER-ERA MUSICALS
Authors: Gordon Joel
Published: March 2019

Please open the PDF to view the article.
THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF SHIءI MODERNISM: MORALITY AND GENDER IN EARLY 20TH-CENTURY LEBANON
Authors: Weiss Max
Published: March 2019

Please open the PDF to view the article.
Translocal Activism and the Implementation of Equal Remuneration for Men and Women: The Case of the South African Textile Industry, 1980–1987
Authors: Neunsinger Silke
Published: March 2019

The struggle by women workers has largely been overlooked in the historiography of trade unions in South Africa during apartheid. This article analyses the strategies of the National Union of Textile Workers (NUTW) to end wage discrimination against women as part of the struggle against poverty wages in the South African textile industry during the last years of apartheid, c.1980 to 1987. The first South African equal pay legislation came into force in 1981, covering the minimum wages of just a small number of the workforce; it was not until 1984 that legislation set minimum wages for all workers. Before the legal reform, new domestic and foreign political opportunities helped the NUTW to create new mobilization structures and offered possibilities to connect levels of scale and make local action visible at home and abroad. Global framing of wage equality combined with a translocal repertoire was used in the cases of multinational companies to make relevant connections between levels of scale (international, transnational, national, and local) to add to the visibility of the violations. After the reform of labour legislation in South Africa, the union made reference to domestic legislation, but translocal activism remained important in bringing foreign companies to the local negotiating table. Drawing on these cases, the NUTW developed a national strategy to make wage setting more transparent across the entire industry, adding to the visibility of all forms of wage discrimination.
Using climate change models to inform the recovery of the western ground parrotPezoporus flaviventris
Authors: Molloy Shaun W. , Burbidge Allan H. , Comer Sarah , Davis Robert A.
Published: March 2019

Translocation of species to areas of former habitat after threats have been mitigated is a common conservation action. However, the long-term success of reintroduction relies on identification of currently available habitat and areas that will remain, or become, habitat in the future. Commonly, a short-term view is taken, focusing on obvious and assumed threats such as predators and habitat degradation. However, in areas subject to significant climate change, challenges include correctly identifying variables that define habitat, and considering probable changes over time. This poses challenges with species such as the western ground parrotPezoporus flaviventris, which was once relatively common in near-coastal south-western Australia, an area subject to major climate change. This species has declined to one small population, estimated to comprise < 150 individuals. Reasons for the decline include altered fire regimes, introduced predators and habitat clearing. The establishment of new populations is a high priority, but the extent to which a rapidly changing climate has affected, and will continue to affect, this species remains largely conjecture, and understanding probable climate change impacts is essential to the prioritization of potential reintroduction sites. We developed high-resolution species distribution models and used these to investigate climate change impacts on current and historical distributions, and identify locations that will remain, or become, bioclimatically suitable habitat in the future. This information has been given to an expert panel to identify and prioritize areas suitable for site-specific management and/or translocation.
The Dynamics of Co-Production in the Context of Social Care Personalisation: Testing Theory and Practice in a Scottish Context
Authors: FLEMIG SARAH SOPHIE , OSBORNE STEPHEN
Published: March 2019

Increasing pressures on social systems have spurred innovations in service delivery models. One such innovation is an increased focus on co-production-based models of care, which focus on increased personal autonomy and service-user self-determination. However, there is little empirical evidence on how co-production interacts with other social policies, such as personalisation. This paper uses data from two qualitative case studies to explore the role of co-production for personalisation in the context of recent Scottish policy initiatives. We use Osborneet al.’s (2016) [‘Co-production and the co-creation of value in public services: a suitable case for treatment?’,Public Management Review, 18, 639–653] co-production matrix to understand what forms of co-production are used in personalisation, what factors act as drivers and barriers, how co-production relates to outcomes, and how co-production theory can inform social policy and legislative reform on personalisation.
In search of a new economic model determined by logistic growth
Authors: SMIRNOV R. G. , WANG K.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we extend the work by Sato devoted to the development of economic growth models within the framework of the Lie group theory. We propose a new growth model based on the assumption of logistic growth in factors and derive the corresponding production functions, as well as a compatible notion of wage share. In the process, it is shown that the new functions compare reasonably well against relevant economic data. The corresponding problem of maximisation of profit under conditions of perfect competition is solved with the aid of one of these functions. In addition, it is explained in reasonably rigorous mathematical terms why Bowley’s law no longer holds true in the post-1960 data.
External Soft-Tissue Hemostatic Clamp Compared to a Compression Tourniquet as Primary Hemorrhage Control Device in Pilot Flow Model Study
Authors: Paquette Roland , Bierle Ryan , Wampler David , Allen Paul , Cooley Craig , Ramos Rosemarie , Michalek Joel , Gerhardt Robert T.
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Acute blood loss represents a leading cause of death in both civilian and battlefield trauma, despite the prioritization of massive hemorrhage control by well-adopted trauma guidelines. Current Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) and Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC) guidelines recommend the application of a tourniquet to treat life-threatening extremity hemorrhages. While extremely effective at controlling blood loss, the proper application of a tourniquet is associated with severe pain and could lead to transient loss of limb function impeding the ability to self-extricate or effectively employ weapons systems. As a potential alternative, Innovative Trauma Care (San Antonio, Texas USA) has developed an external soft-tissue hemostatic clamp that could potentially provide effective hemorrhage control without the aforementioned complications and loss of limb function. Thus, this study sought to investigate the effectiveness of blood loss control by an external soft-tissue hemostatic clamp versus a compression tourniquet.

Hypothesis:

The external soft-tissue hemostatic clamp would be non-inferior at controlling intravascular fluid loss after damage to the femoral and popliteal arteries in a normotensive, coagulopathic, cadaveric lower-extremity flow model using an inert blood analogue, as compared to a compression tourniquet.

Methods:

Using a fresh cadaveric model with simulated vascular flow, this study sought to compare the effectiveness of the external soft-tissue hemostatic clamp versus the compression tourniquet to control fluid loss in simulated trauma resulting in femoral and posterior tibial artery lacerations using a coagulopathic, normotensive, cadaveric-extremity flow model. A sample of 16 fresh, un-embalmed, human cadaver lower extremities was used in this randomized, balanced two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, crossover design. Statistical significance of the treatment comparisons was assessed with paired t-tests. Results were expressed as the mean and standard deviation (SD).

Results:

Mean intravascular fluid loss was increased from simulated arterial wounds with the external soft-tissue hemostatic clamp as compared to the compression tourniquet at the lower leg (119.8mL versus 15.9mL; P <.001) and in the thigh (103.1mL versus 5.2mL; P <.001).

Conclusion:

In this hemorrhagic, coagulopathic, cadaveric-extremity experimental flow model, the use of the external soft-tissue hemostatic clamp as a hasty hemostatic adjunct was associated with statistically significant greater fluid loss than with the use of the compression tourniquet.

Paquette R, Bierle R, Wampler D, Allen P, Cooley C, Ramos R, Michalek J, Gerhardt RT. External soft-tissue hemostatic clamp compared to a compression tourniquet as primary hemorrhage control device in pilot flow model study.Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):175–181
A study on the correlates of habit-, reward-, and fear-related motivations in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Piquet-Pessôa Marcelo , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Lee Rico S. C. , Ferreira Gabriela M. , Cruz Marcelo S. , Ribeiro Ana P. , de Menezes Gabriela B. , Albertella Lucy , Yücel Murat , Fontenelle Leonardo F.
Published: March 2019

Objective

We assessed self-reported drives for alcohol use and their impact on clinical features of alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients. Our prediction was that, in contrast to “affectively” (reward or fear) driven drinking, “habitual” drinking would be associated with worse clinical features in relation to alcohol use and higher occurrence of associated psychiatric symptoms.

Methods

Fifty-eight Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) alcohol abuse patients were assessed with a comprehensive battery of reward- and fear-based behavioral tendencies. An 18-item self-report instrument (the Habit, Reward and Fear Scale; HRFS) was employed to quantify affective (fear or reward) and non-affective (habitual) motivations for alcohol use. To characterize clinical and demographic measures associated with habit, reward, and fear, we conducted a partial least squares analysis.

Results

Habitual alcohol use was significantly associated with the severity of alcohol dependence reflected across a range of domains and with lower number of detoxifications across multiple settings. In contrast, reward-driven alcohol use was associated with a single domain of alcohol dependence, reward-related behavioral tendencies, and lower number of detoxifications.

Conclusion

These results seem to be consistent with a shift from goal-directed to habit-driven alcohol use with severity and progression of addiction, complementing preclinical work and informing biological models of addiction. Both reward-related and habit-driven alcohol use were associated with lower number of detoxifications, perhaps stemming from more benign course for the reward-related and lack of treatment engagement for the habit-related alcohol abuse group. Future work should further explore the role of habit in this and other addictive disorders, and in obsessive-compulsive related disorders.