bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumental Motives in Emotion Regulation of One’s Own and Others’ Anger: Testing Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences Between European Americans and Japanese
Authors: Nozaki Yuki , Kobayashi Ryota
Published: November 2023

Instrumental motives, such as increasing negative emotions to facilitate performance, are one of the primary motives in regulating one’s own emotions (i.e., intrinsic emotion regulation) and others’ emotions (i.e., extrinsic emotion regulation). However, most instrumental emotion regulation research has been conducted in Western countries, even though desired emotions, such as anger, could vary across Western and Eastern cultures. This research investigates cross-cultural similarities and differences between European Americans and Japanese in instrumental motives for regulating one’s own (Study 1) and others’ anger (Study 2). To this end, the two preregistered studies used the context of playing an aggressive or nonaggressive computer game, a common methodology used in previous research on instrumental anger regulation. The results showed that both European Americans and Japanese significantly preferred angry stimuli for themselves and their partners before playing an aggressive game over a nonaggressive one. We also found that European Americans preferred anger stimuli significantly more than Japanese, although these cultural differences were neither large nor robust. Furthermore, individual differences in the perceived utility of anger were positively associated with a preference for angry stimuli, whereas cultural self-construals were not significantly associated with a preference for angry stimuli among either European Americans or Japanese. This research provides novel evidence for the cross-cultural similarity of instrumental anger regulation in both intrinsic and extrinsic emotion regulation between European Americans and Japanese.
Groups and Biases: The Role of Social Identity in the Musical Career Path Aspirations of Adolescent Musicians
Authors: Bragle John A. , Dansereau Diana R.
Published: November 2023

According to social identity theory, individuals self-categorize into groups and then differentiate between groups based on stereotypical norms to create a perceived hierarchy to benefit their self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of social identities among adolescent musicians related to the career paths of music performance and music education and to determine whether self-categorization and differentiation regarding these career paths were a feature of these social identities. Participants were 821 adolescent musicians of varying experience and backgrounds. Results indicated that participants self-categorized and differentiated in favor of the music performance career path but allocated hypothetical resources in favor of the music education career path. Age, family income, performance setting, and intention to major in music were significant predictors of self-categorization, differentiation, and resource allocation. These findings indicate that participants who were older, had greater financial means, identified as soloists, or intended to major in music were more likely to be aligned with a music performance social identity.
Loneliness in Later Life as Existential Inequality
Authors: Neves Barbara Barbosa , Sanders Alexandra , Warren Narelle , Ko Pei-Chun
Published: November 2023

This article engages Göran Therborn’s conceptualisation of existential inequality to explore lived experiences of loneliness in later life. Existential inequality refers to unequal social distribution of personhood, from dignity to autonomy. We argue sociological approaches, like inequality frameworks, are critical to grasp the social nature of loneliness – often missing in related literature. Investigating how people perceive and respond to their loneliness provides a comprehensive understanding of the links between personal/agentic and social/structural dimensions. We apply the idea of existential inequality to two case studies with older people (aged 65+) reporting prolonged loneliness: one encompassing ethnographic data and interviews with care home residents, and a second focusing on diaries produced by older people living alone. Employing existential inequality to frame how older people define, experience and manage loneliness highlights an assemblage of stigmas and marginalisation.
Domestic terrorism, incumbency, and legislative vote shares
Authors: Hunter Lance Y , Robbins Joseph W , Ginn Martha H
Published: November 2023

A small number of studies have examined the effect terrorism has on political ideology and vote choice cross-nationally. However, scholars yet to understand how terrorist attack type influences vote choice based on the political ideology of incumbent governments. Thus, we examine the effect domestic and transnational terrorist attacks have on vote choice in legislative elections while accounting for the ideology of the incumbent government. In examining 56 democracies from 1975 – 2014 from various regions and levels of development, we find that domestic attacks, and not transnational, significantly effect both right and left party votes shares when the incumbent party in government is of a similar ideology. We attribute these results to the perception of instability that accompanies domestic attacks and the effects it has on voters’ evaluations of political parties. These findings have important implications for understanding how terrorism influences electoral behavior.
Finding compassion when compassion fatigued
Authors: Nikel Carlie , Gildenblatt Limor
Published: November 2023

Objective: The unrelenting turmoil of the COVID-19 pandemic has been especially hard on those in the healthcare field. This chronic stress has resulted in depleted compassion towards patients served and colleagues. Researchers have suggested that empathy is a finite resource that must be replenished. For physicians in residency training and those in practice, where finding meaning and purpose in their work is already a challenge, the spark for medicine and helping others may easily become extinguished.

This article explores interventions implemented in two family medicine residency programs to address concerns about burnout and compassion fatigue exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A qualitative research approach is employed here through case studies of two family medicine programs, along with a description of several interventions intended to mitigate burnout and compassion fatigue during the pandemic.

Participants were 36 family medicine residents from “residency #1” and 36 family medicine residents from “residency #2.”

Results: The authors describe several interventions used in the two residency programs to reduce issues of compassion fatigue. These include meditation, gratitude practice, guided group support, and a focus on clinicians’ physical health.

Feedback from residents and program leaders suggest that these interventions were useful tools to help physicians navigate their new normal as they began to practice during a pandemic, thereby reducing burnout and challenges with compassion fatigue. A strategic plan is outlined to help other programs implement some of these strategies.

Conclusions: It is imperative that training programs continue to implement interventions that emphasize resident and post-residency wellness to reduce compassion fatigue in order to navigate the new stressors that came with the COVID-19 pandemic and those that will come with pandemics in the future.
Sydney’s Ordinary Outliers: Long-Distance Commuting and Outer Metropolitan Coastal Suburbanization, 1945-2001
Authors: Beer Chris
Published: November 2023

From 1945 to the end of the twentieth century, the Central Coast region adjacent to Australia’s largest city—Sydney—grew from a population of 30,000 to nearly 300,000 people. This article examines the long-distance commuting that was integral to this growth. By the 1990s, around a third of the region’s workforce was regularly traveling distances of 50 kilometers or more each way to the main body of Sydney. For many, the Central Coast offered new opportunities not readily available elsewhere in the metropolitan area to access housing—whether they sought to buy or rent—within a distinct, increasingly esteemed, coastal landscape. Over time, this commuting was variously encouraged, resented, and problematized. While it had parallels to other parts of Sydney’s “commuter belt,” the region’s experience stands as a notable case study of the diversity of household values across work, housing, and mobility.
Oil price movements predictions in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using financial and macro-economic variables
Authors: Albahooth Bayan
Published: November 2023

By combining financial and macroeconomic factors with machine learning techniques, this research paper proposes a novel method for forecasting oil price movements in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Traditional methods generally struggle to capture the complex dynamics and nonlinear linkages in the oil market, which makes accurate oil price forecasting vital for decision-making in numerous sectors. In this paper, we offer a machine learning framework that leverages financial elements like stock market indices, currency rates, and interest rates, as well as macroeconomic data like GDP growth, inflation rates, and energy consumption, as predictors of oil price movements. These factors were chosen because of their significance and importance to the ways in which the oil market in KSA functions. We use several different machine learning techniques to construct the prediction models, some of which are regression-based (such as linear regression or support vector regression) while others are ensemble models (such as random forests or gradient boosting). The models are tested and refined using historical data spanning a sizable period of time and covering a wide range of market circumstances and pricing movements. Evaluation of the prediction models is carried out using conventional metrics like mean-squared error, mean absolute error, and R-squared [Formula: see text], and their robustness is evaluated using sensitivity analysis and cross-validation methods. Incorporating financial and macroeconomic variables vastly enhances the accuracy of oil price predictions compared to models based purely on historical price data, as shown by the preliminary findings, which underline the superiority of our approach. The machine learning models exhibit nonlinear pattern capture and responsiveness to market fluctuations. Insights into the relative significance of various variables and their effect on oil price movements in KSA are also provided by the sensitivity analysis. By demonstrating the usefulness of machine learning methods for oil price forecasting, particularly in the context of Saudi Arabia, this research adds to the body of knowledge already available. Our findings have important policy and market implications for oil price forecasting, benefiting policymakers, energy market participants, and investors. To improve the models’ ability to forecast the future, researchers may want to consider including more variables in their analyses, such as geopolitical developments and technology advances.
High-frequency Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging of Human Rotator Cuff Muscles: Assessment of Repeatability and Reproducibility
Authors: Wu Yuanshan , Barrere Victor , Ashir Aria , Chen Xiaojun , Silva Livia T. , Jerban Saeed , Han Aiguo , Andre Michael P. , Shah Sameer B. , Chang Eric Y.
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of using high-frequency quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement of backscatter coefficient (BSC), grayscale analysis, and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural analysis, to characterize human rotator cuff muscles. The effects of varying scanner settings across two different operators and two US systems were investigated in a healthy volunteer with normal rotator cuff muscles and a patient with chronic massive rotator cuff injury and substantial muscle degeneration. The results suggest that BSC is a promising method for assessing rotator cuff muscles in both control and pathological subjects, even when operators were free to adjust system settings (depth, level of focus, and time-gain compensation). Measurements were repeatable and reproducible across the different operators and ultrasound imaging platforms. In contrast, grayscale and GLCM analyses were found to be less reliable in this setting, with significant measurement variability. Overall, the repeatability and reproducibility measurements of BSC indicate its potential as a diagnostic tool for rotator cuff muscle evaluation.
Comparative European legislative research in the age of large-scale computational text analysis: A review article
Authors: Sebők Miklós , Proksch Sven-Oliver , Rauh Christian , Visnovitz Péter , Balázs Gergő , Schwalbach Jan
Published: November 2023

Advances in data accessibility and analytical methods opened new frontiers for comparative studies of European legislative activities. However, these advances still need to be fully harnessed by legislative scholars for multiple reasons. We provide an overview of extant research agendas to identify these reasons and explore the opportunities for tapping the potential of big data and quantitative text analysis. We present significant data collection efforts, such as ParlSpeech, the Comparative Agendas Project and CLARIN, and highlight their respective value for, primarily, large-N comparative research focusing on European Union member states and the European Union itself. Our review highlights the most consequential gaps in the literature and shortcomings of available data and analysis. These include the lack of extensive historical and geographical coverage, missing harmonisation and cross-linking between separate efforts, no unified speech and document (bill, law) databases, and the unavailability of good-quality full-text variables.
Latinas’ internalization of U.S. beauty ideals as a moderator of the relations between appearance-related messages from family members and Latinas’ depressive symptoms
Authors: Rivero Avelina , Killoren Sarah E. , Campione-Barr Nicole
Published: November 2023

Depression is a prevalent concern in Latinas; thus, it is critical that we examine the associations between negative eating and weight messages from mothers, fathers, and sisters, and depressive symptoms in Latinas. We utilized a sample of 195 Latina/Hispanic young women ( Mage = 23.25 years; range = 18–25; SD = 1.93; 67.4% Mexican-origin) to explore the moderating role of Latinas' internalization of U.S. beauty ideals on the associations between negative eating and weight messages from mothers, fathers, and sisters, and Latinas' depressive symptoms. We conducted three hierarchical regression analyses and found that negative messages from each family member (i.e., mothers, fathers, and sisters) and Latinas' internalization of U.S. beauty ideals were significantly and positively associated with Latinas' depressive symptoms. Further, we found that under both high and low internalization of U.S. beauty ideals, there was a positive association between negative messages from sisters and depressive symptoms. However, this association was stronger for those with high internalization of U.S. beauty ideals. Findings from this study further solidify the importance of family members' negative eating and weight messages for Latinas' well-being. Additionally, our study demonstrates that internalizing U.S. beauty ideals is associated with Latinas’ mental health.
Drug–drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review
Authors: Halman Andreas , Kong Geraldine , Sarris Jerome , Perkins Daniel
Published: November 2023

Classic psychedelics, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), are potent psychoactive substances that have been studied for their physiological and psychological effects. However, our understanding of the potential interactions and outcomes when using these substances in combination with other drugs is limited. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on drug–drug interactions between classic psychedelics and other drugs in humans. We conducted a thorough literature search using multiple databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and other sources to supplement our search for relevant studies. A total of 7102 records were screened, and studies involving human data describing potential interactions (as well as the lack thereof) between classic psychedelics and other drugs were included. In total, we identified 52 studies from 36 reports published before September 2, 2023, encompassing 32 studies on LSD, 10 on psilocybin, 4 on mescaline, 3 on DMT, 2 on 5-MeO-DMT and 1 on ayahuasca. These studies provide insights into the interactions between classic psychedelics and a range of drugs, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilisers, recreational drugs and others. The findings revealed various effects when psychedelics were combined with other drugs, including both attenuated and potentiated effects, as well as instances where no changes were observed. Except for a few case reports, no serious adverse drug events were described in the included studies. An in-depth discussion of the results is presented, along with an exploration of the potential molecular pathways that underlie the observed effects.
Investigation of Interface Fracture between BFPMPC and Cement Concrete
Authors: Liu Fei , Pan Baofeng , Zhou Changjun , Wang Baomin
Published: November 2023

Recently, there has been wide concern about the mechanical properties of the repair interface for the magnesium phosphate cement mortar as a repair material with Portland cement concrete pavement. In this paper, based on the previous research results about basalt fiber reinforced and polymer modified magnesium phosphate cement (BFPMPC) mortar, the fracture behavior of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) for BFPMPC and Portland cement concrete (PCC) was further pursued and studied. Firstly, a nanoindentation test was carried out on the repair interface with creep characteristics. Results showed that a synergistic effect and elastic moduli of multiple ITZs in repair interface were verified and determined. Then, the creep characteristic of ITZ was described by proposed fractional rheology characteristics in BFPMPC-PCC ITZ with further validation by finite element analysis. Finally, the interface fracture model combined with dislocation theory was proposed and analyzed. The results showed that satisfactory agreements had been obtained between the calculated results of interface fracture model and experiments. It was indicated that the fracture essence for BFPMPC-PCC ITZ was revealed by the interface fracture model. This finding, as a novel aspect and insight for interface fracture of bi-cementitious-based materials, was provided and the pursued direction of materials design for interface enhancement in pavement rapid repair was expected.
Semi-Automatic Geographic Information System Framework for Creating Photo-Realistic Digital Twin Cities to Support Autonomous Driving Research
Authors: Xu Haowen , Shao Yunli , Chen Jianfei , Wang Chieh (Ross) , Berres Andy
Published: November 2023

Digital twin cities are frequently used in vehicle and traffic simulations to render realistic on-road driving scenarios under various traffic and environmental conditions. These digital twins provide a high-fidelity replica of the physical world (e.g., buildings, roads, infrastructures, traffic) to create three-dimensional (3D) virtual-physical environments to support various emerging vehicle and transportation technologies such as connected and automated vehicles. These virtual environments provide a cost-effective digital proving ground to evaluate, validate, and test emerging technologies that include control algorithms, localization, perception, and sensors. Replicating a real-world traffic scenario in a digital twin using a traditional 3D modeling approach is a time-consuming and labor-intensive effort. This paper presents a semi-automated spatial framework to construct realistic 3D digital twin cities to support autonomous driving research using readily available geographic information system (GIS) data and 3D prefabricated (prefab) models. We start with a comprehensive review of geospatial data sources of essential digital entities required in a 3D digital twin city and present an integrated GIS-3D modeling pipeline using customized QGIS/GDAL and Blender scripting in Python. The pipeline outputs are realistic 3D digital twin cities compatible with common vehicle simulation software, such as CARLA and IPG CarMaker. The paper closes with a showcase to demonstrate the quality and usability of a digital twin city created to replicate the Shallowford Road corridor in Chattanooga in both Unity and Unreal engine-based virtual environment. The generated digital twin city can be applied to a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment with an actual testing vehicle to facilitate autonomous driving research.
U.S. Hydrodynamic Dredging Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Fuller William P. , Wagner Robert J. , Lewis Robert E.
Published: November 2023

The issue of sedimentation in navigable waterways continually confronts maritime authorities. Regular maintenance dredging, a costly and arduous exercise, is necessary to ensure safe navigation is achievable throughout the year. Private industry and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) combined to remove roughly 230 million cubic yards of maintenance volume at an estimated cost of $1.7 billion in 2020. The handling and disposal of dredged material are practices affected by numerous regulatory constraints. Once a local or national organization has established the most efficient, lowest-cost dredging alternative with the most flexibility, the next step is identifying and addressing permitting concerns and seeking permits to use the technology. Innovative water injection dredging (WID) has been approved in various locations throughout the U.S.A., including providing a reliable means for the North Carolina State Ports Authority (NCSPA) to provide access to its berths, removing sediment over the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel to minimize potential harm to the existing tunnel structure, and maintaining federal navigational depth in the Mississippi River. This paper aims to provide a summary overview of the current state of WID in U.S. waterways, including the discussion of a successful permitting and procurement effort by the NCSPA that secured a custom-built WID vessel for North Carolina. Recent literature has identified parameters correlated with WID performance, such as median grain size, hydrology of the waterway, Richardson number, and the liquidity index, which are explored.
Improved Link Prediction Method for Maritime Silk Road Shipping Network Using Composite Index
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Yang Yanbin , Jin Yuping , Liu Wei
Published: November 2023

The container shipping network has evolved with the development of trade, but the mechanism of its evolution is still not well studied. Link prediction model is one of the main methods used to study the network evolution. The classic indicators of the link prediction model only consider the structural characteristics of the network, but there are also real factors that can influence the evolution of the network. Therefore, this paper considers the structural characteristics of the network as an endogenous index, which includes common neighbors, Adamic–Adar, resource allocation, and so forth. Considering the factors that may affect the link between the ports, such as sailing distance, operation, economy, and political factors, this paper first develops different attractiveness models and determines an optimal attractiveness model in case analysis. After that, this paper proposes a composite index that combines endogenous and attractiveness indices. Taking the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) shipping network as an example, an optimal attractiveness index and then an optimal composite index are determined. It was found that the prediction accuracy under the composite index is improved compared with single indices, which confirms the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed index. Finally, from the perspective of the overall network, this paper discusses the possible future routes of the shipping network with the aim of providing a reference for the improvement of connectivity of the shipping network and planning new routes for shipping companies.
Study on Mechanical Performance and Reinforcement Mechanisms of Geocell-Reinforced Soil
Authors: Zhu Yunsheng , Li Yuanhao , Wang Kaifeng , Peng Shaolong
Published: November 2023

A concept for a reinforcement mechanism is presented and analyzed combined with test results to explain the reinforcement effect of a geocell. A series of pull-out and unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters, including water content, compactness, and the number of geocell-reinforced layers, on the mechanical performance of geocell-reinforced soil. The results of the pull-out tests were mutually verified by the formulas for the reinforcement mechanism and demonstrate that the compactness and water content significantly affect the friction coefficient of the geocell–soil interface, which increases as compactness rises and water content falls. Compared with lowering the water content, improving compactness was better for enhancing the frictional properties of the geocell–soil interface; this had the highest increase, at 90%, as compactness rises from 92% to 94%. According to the unconfined compression test results, the unconfined compressive strength of geocell-reinforced soil is raised by higher compactness, more geocell-reinforced layers, and lower water content; this had the highest increase, at 93.1%, as the water content dropped to its optimum, from 19% to 15%. The compactness of filled soil dramatically influences the unconfined compressive strength of unreinforced specimens, which had an increase of 59.6% when compactness rose from 92% to 94%. However, this effect was weakened as more geocell was added to filled soil. As the number of geocell-reinforced layers rose from 0 to 1 under the compactness level of 92%, the increase of ultimate unconfined compressive strength reached 82.6%, higher than in other reinforcement layers.
Mobile Internet Use and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults: The Moderating Effect of Living Alone
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Choi Mona , Lee Hyangkyu
Published: November 2023

This study, informed by the principle of the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, evaluated the relationships between mobile internet use frequency, living arrangement, and life satisfaction in older adults. We used data from the 2021 Digital Divide Survey in South Korea, conducting a secondary analysis on 2105 participants aged 65 or above who accessed the internet in the last month. Multiple linear regression models were performed. Compared to the older adults who lived with others, those living alone showed a stronger positive association between their use of the mobile internet for daily services, information production and sharing, social participation, and life satisfaction. These findings align with the principle of the COR theory, suggesting that older adults living alone due to a loss in resources are more likely to benefit from mobile internet use, indicating the potential effectiveness of promoting mobile internet use as a strategy to enhance their life satisfaction.
How newspapers’ social media editors in Bangladesh use official social media accounts
Authors: Alam Ahmed Shatil , Alam Wahida
Published: November 2023

This research explores the changes the traditional gatekeeping roles of Bangladesh social media editors have undergone. The 17 interviewed journalists also enjoyed less autonomy in moderating audience comments as they removed comments critical of the government or the ruling party to avert legal consequences. These editors even considered their jobs to be “marketing” of news, suffered volatile treatment from their colleagues in the newsroom and felt pressured by their bosses, advertisers and audiences.
Influence of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) petiole fibers for the reinforcement of composite materials
Authors: Ze Éric Parfait , Bidoung Jean Calvin , Nzié Wolfgang , Tchotang Théodore , Kenmeugne Bienvenu
Published: November 2023

For their use in polymer and composite materials engineering, and with a view to sustainable development, a great deal of work has been carried out with the aim of describing the properties of plant fibers. This work presents the effects of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of oil palm petiole fibers (OPPF). To this end, the FPPH to be analyzed were obtained by water retting and chemical retting with soda (5% solution). Their physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics were then studied and compared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the existence of the main components of lignocellulosic fiber (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). Lignin was reduced by 22.74%, hemicellulose by 27.33% and cellulose by 16.87% compared to water retting. XRD revealed a crystallinity index of 58.66% for fibers extracted with a 5% sodium solution and 58.51% for fibers extracted with water retting. Soda retting reduces density by 3%. Tensile tests revealed an average tensile strength of 156.082 MPa for water-rubbed fibers and 205.875 MPa for soda-rubbed fibers, Young’s modulus of 3.432 GPa for water-rubbed fibers and 5.346 GPa for soda-rubbed fibers. Elongation at break for FPPH extracted by water retting was 5.178% and 4.41% respectively. This shows that the extraction method affects mechanical properties (flexibility and stiffness) and should be chosen according to the desired characteristic.
Grandchildhood: Care and relationality in narratives of three generations in Sweden
Authors: Eldén Sara , Anving Terese , Alenius Wallin Linn
Published: November 2023

While the role of grandparents has increasingly been explored, the position of being a grandchild is under-researched. Recognising the active role of children in intergenerational care relationships, we analyse narratives of being a grandchild in Sweden in the 1940s–1950s, the 1970s–1980s, and today. Interviews with 63 participants of both genders show how conditions for care-doings change in response to welfare state developments and in relation to new ideals of childhood. Intensified engagements by grandparents in the life of grandchildren are identified, but also continuity in the significance of close and reciprocal relationships between grandchildren and grandparents.
Friction stir welding of dissimilar AA7050 and AA5083 aluminium alloys: Microstructural and mechanical characterization
Authors: Subrahmanian K , Ramachandran K K , Rajeev V R , Renjith V B
Published: November 2023

In this study, dissimilar aluminium alloys, AA7050-T7651 and AA5083-H111, with 5 mm thickness were friction stir butt welded and the microstructural and mechanical properties of the joints are investigated. The experiments were carried out at tool rotational speeds of 800, 1000 and 1200 rpm while keeping the tool traverse speed, axial force and tool tilt angle, respectively, at constant values of 30 mm/min, 3.5 kN and 1.5°. A tool axis offset of 0.25 mm towards the 7xxx alloy side that fixed by a detailed preliminary study was used in all the trials. All the fabricated joints were externally defect-free and the fractured tensile specimens showed that the joints have fractured in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) at the AA5083-H111 alloy side. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 294 MPa (96% joint efficiency) was observed for the joint fabricated at tool rotation speed of 1000 rpm. The location of fracture together with the microstructure observation at the joint zone showed that the coarsening of grains and loss of cold work are the causes of fracture of the tensile specimen at the TMAZ of the 5083-alloy side. In addition, significant grain coarsening and dissolution of precipitates are observed at the heat-affected zone and TMAZ at the 7050-alloy side at tool rotational speeds of 1000 rpm and 1200 rpm. The study testified that the tool rotational speed has a significant influence on the microstructure and tensile properties of the dissimilar joints.
Optimum design of the geometry of boots and socks with the aim of minimum weight and preventing frostbite
Authors: Nikbakht Ali , Ahmadikia Hossein
Published: November 2023

In order to design shoes suitable for cold environments, knowledge of the thermal conditions inside the shoes and the variables affecting those conditions is necessary. A two-dimensional model of a boot and sock was developed to investigate the effect of the materials and dimensions of various parts of shoes and to design geometry for them to prevent foot frostbite. The optimization algorithm was used to optimize the dimensions of the boots to maximize the minimum foot temperature with the lowest boot weight. Two types of shoe soles and two kinds of shoe uppers were used to design suitable shoes. The results show the following: (1) In the design boots, the thermal insulation of the toe area plays an essential role in preventing frostbite. Two variables of the thickness of the toe cap and the length of the shoe sole had the greatest impact on the design of shoes with the least weight and the most protection against frostbite. So that to increase minimum foot temperature from 7°C to 15°C, 16°C, or 17°C, only the amounts of these variables should increase. (2) In designing the suitable boot, choosing the proper shoe sole had a significant effect on increasing the thermal insulation in the shoe and reducing its weight. So, for the boot with a minimum foot temperature of 20°C, by changing the shoe sole from EVA08 to EVA12, the weight is reduced by 42%. (3) To maximize the minimum foot temperature, it is necessary to use thick socks.
Fenton-like degradation of methyl orange by alumina-supported Cu–Co catalysts at neutral pH: Optimization by the Taguchi method
Authors: Juang Yayun , Jehng Jih-Mirn
Published: November 2023

Fenton oxidation is considered to be an effective method for removing non-biodegradable organic materials from industrial wastewater. However, several challenges need to be overcome for its utilization in industrial-scale applications. A series of alumina-supported Cu–Co samples were prepared via a simple sol–gel method, and their utility for Fenton-like degradation of methyl orange (MO) at neutral pH was assessed. In addition, various catalyst synthesis parameters, namely (Cu + Co)/Al molar ratio, Cu/Co molar ratio, water content, and treatment conditions, were optimized by the Taguchi method. The parameters were selected in three levels, and L9 from the orthogonal array design was used. The optimum synthesis parameters for the catalyst included a (Co + Cu)/Al molar ratio of 0.08, a Co/Cu molar ratio of 1/3, an H2O/Al molar ratio of 6, a calcination temperature of 400°C, and a calcination time of 8 h. Furthermore, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction were employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the samples. The results revealed that the optimized catalyst achieved a 94% removal efficiency of MO and a 75% removal efficiency of total organic carbon. Compared to the data reported in similar previous studies, the catalyst prepared herein demonstrated promising development potential.
Book review: Gunjan Sharma. 2021. Schooling and Aspirations in the Urban Margins: Ethnography of Education in the Indian Context
Authors: Halder Tamali
Published: November 2023

Gunjan Sharma. 2021. Schooling and Aspirations in the Urban Margins: Ethnography of Education in the Indian Context. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-003-02801-7 (ebook); pp. 157, £31.19, ISBN 978-0-367-90365-7 (hardback); ₹1295.00, ISBN 978-1-032-00478-5 (paperback).
Breastfeeding Prevalence and Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Duration Among Urban Multi-ethnic Malaysian Mothers: A Single-Center University Hospital Study
Authors: Heng Kai Voon , Lum Lucy Chai See , Breen Emer , Lye Chuan Way , Kuan Wai Chee , Goh Saw Huan , Tan Ling Hang , Yip Kar Mun
Published: November 2023

Breastfeeding rates in urban Malaysian mothers are below World Health Organization (WHO) targets. Our prospective survey identified breastfeeding prevalences at 3, 6, and 12 months of 85.5%, 77%, and 60%, respectively. Combined (direct and expressed) breastfeeding significantly sustained longer-term breastfeeding. Efforts should be focused on mothers of Indian ethnicity and on expression after one month postpartum.
An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities
Authors: Werid Gebremeskel Mamu , Miller Darren , Hemmatzadeh Farhid , Messele Yohannes E. , Petrovski Kiro
Published: November 2023

The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is caused by a variety of pathogens, as well as contributing environmental and host-related risk factors. BRDC is the costliest disease for feedlot cattle globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of BRDC given its specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to provide information on antigen localization and immune response. Emerging trends in IHC include the use of multiplex IHC for the detection of coinfections, the use of digital imaging and automation, improved detection systems using enhanced fluorescent dyes, and the integration of IHC with spatial transcriptomics. Overall, identifying biomarkers for early detection, utilizing high-throughput IHC for large-scale studies, developing standardized protocols and reagents, and integrating IHC with other technologies are some of the opportunities to enhance the accuracy and applicability of IHC. We summarize here the various techniques and protocols used in IHC and highlight their current and potential role in BRDC research.
Change in Newcomers’ Perceived Insider Status Over Time: An Examination of its Relationships with Abusive Supervision and Well-Being
Authors: Manville Caroline , Bentein Kathleen , Abid-Dupont Marie-Aude
Published: November 2023

In a time when organizations must cope with an increasingly volatile and spatially dispersed workforce, understanding how to facilitate newcomers’ perceptions of insider status is of both theoretical and practical importance. However, knowledge regarding how and why these desirable perceptions unfold over time during the socialization period is limited. Drawing on affective event theory and feelings-as-information theory, this research derives predictions about the influence of change in newcomers’ perceptions of abusive supervision and change in newcomer negative affect toward their supervisors on change in newcomers’ perceived insider status. Furthermore, considering perceived insider status through the lens of COR theory, its change is expected to have an impact on newcomers’ well-being. To test our predictions, we used a latent growth modeling (LGM) approach to analyze longitudinal data collected from newcomers working in a variety of organizations at four times across a year after organizational entry. Our results reveal a temporal process whereby change in perceptions of abusive supervision influence newcomers’ well-being and demonstrate that changes in newcomers’ negative affect toward the supervisor and in newcomers’ perceived insider status sequentially mediate these relationships. Overall, this research illustrates the temporal dynamics of the socialization process and highlights the key role of supervisors and newcomers’ affect on newcomers’ transition from outsiders to organizational insiders as well as the corresponding impact on their well-being.
Youth Perspectives on Decent Education and College and Career Readiness
Authors: Kenny Maureen E. , Wu XiYue , Guterres Karley M. P. , Gordon Pamela , Schmidtberger Rebecca , Masters Allison , Tanega Chloe , Cunningham Shannon
Published: November 2023

Decent education is conceptualized as playing an important role in preparing young people for college and career and eventual access to decent and satisfying work. While this is a promising extension of psychology of working theory for youth (PWT), the construct was derived from a review of literature, and needs to be informed by research, including youth perspectives. To address this gap and to advance research on youth PWT, we interviewed 17 high school seniors (11 female, four male, two non-binary) with diverse racial/ethnic identities and levels of caretaker educational attainment. Interviews were conducted in the year following the outbreak of COVID-19 with students attending innovative schools that feature student-centered learning, workplace internships, and close relationships with advisors and workplace mentors. Analyses conducted through Consensual Qualitative Research highlight youth perceptions of how relational supports and learning experiences at school and in workplace internships can promote a range of academic, vocational, social skills and psychological resources relevant for college and career readiness. The findings amplify youth understanding of decent education and extend knowledge of psychological resources, including youth purpose, self-efficacy, and critical consciousness, aligned with youth PWT.
Beauty May Not Be Effective: The Effects of Imaginative Display on Green Product Evaluation
Authors: Liang Shichang , Li Jingyi , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Yiwei , Xie Pin
Published: November 2023

Even though imaginative displays are an essential determinant for improving product evaluations in traditional products, there is little research on imaginative displays in the display of green products. Therefore, this article addresses this gap by examining the imaginative display of green products. Three studies show that relative to imaginative displays (i.e., novel and esthetics), standard displays (i.e., non-novel and neutral esthetics) increase green product evaluations, suggesting that imaginative displays positively affect traditional products but are unsuitable for green products. In addition, standard displays (vs. imaginative displays) increase product evaluations for altruistic green products. In contrast, imaginative displays (vs. standard displays) increase product evaluations for egoistic green products. The article aims to change the practice of wasting space resources for displaying green products. More critically, the article raises new insight for policymakers and merchants to achieve sustainable green consumption.
Comparison of Postoperative Outcome and Prognosis Among Laparoscopic Left Colectomy and Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy in Sigmoid Colon Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Tao Wei , Liu Fei , Cheng Yu-Xi , Zhang Bin , Liu Xiao-Yu , Zhang Wei , Peng Dong
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laparoscopic left colectomy (LLC) and laparoscopic sigmoidectomy (LSD) on short-term outcomes and prognosis of sigmoid colon cancer (SCC) patients using propensity score matching (PSM).

Methods

In this retrospective study, the SCC patients who underwent LLC or LSD surgery were collected from a single clinical center from Jan 2011 to Dec 2019. Short-term outcomes and prognosis were compared between patients who received LSD surgery and LLC surgery.

Results

A total of 356 patients were included in this study. After 1:1 PSM analysis, there were 50 patients who underwent LLC surgery and 50 patients who underwent LSD surgery left in this study. No significant difference was found in baseline characteristics after PSM ( P > .05). In comparison with the LLC surgery group, the LSD surgery group had shorter operation time ( P = .003) after PSM. Moreover, the surgical procedure was not an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) ( P = .918, 95% CI = .333–2.688) and disease-free survival DFS ( P = .730, 95% CI = .335–2.150), but age (OS: P = .009, 95% CI = 1.010–1.075; DFS: P = .014, 95% CI = 1.007–1.061) and tumor stage (OS: P = .004, 95% CI = 1.302–3.844; DFS: P < .01, 95% CI = 1.572–4.171) were the independent risk factors for OS and DFS in SCC patients.

Conclusion

There was no significant difference between the two surgical procedures for prognosis of SCC patients. However, the possible reasons for changing the surgical procedures should be cautious by surgeons.
Two-dimensional viscoelastic beam element for ultra-large space structures based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Jiang Guoqi , Jiang Jianping , Yang Guang , Ge Dongming , Zou Yuanjie , Deng Runran , Li Qingjun
Published: November 2023

Internal damping is an important factor in the dynamic behaviors of ultra-large space structures in zero damping space environment. To precisely describe the damping, this paper proposes a two-dimensional viscoelastic Euler-Bernoulli beam element based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation and Kelvin-Voigt damping model, where the damping stress is linearly dependent on the stress rate. Firstly, a precise generalized damping force model is developed using the principle of virtual work. A simplified generalized damping force model is then proposed to improve simulation efficiency by neglecting the axial damping force and a part of the transverse damping force. Numerical simulations show that the proposed damping force models will not affect the rigid-body motion of the beam. Then, a simple formula is presented to estimate the damping ratio of the beam for different parameters, which shows good agreement with the logarithmic decrement method in simulations. Finally, the effects of viscoelastic damping on the dynamic behaviors of a Sun-facing beam in space are investigated. Simulation results reveal that the viscoelastic damping can greatly reduce the vibration amplitude of the beam near the resonance frequencies.
COVID-19, Job Satisfaction, and Feelings of Occupational Alienation Among American Journalists
Authors: Alaimo Kathleen I. , Davis Miles P. , Hopp Tobias
Published: November 2023

This article explored potential stress-related effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on working journalists. Approximately 500 U.S.-based professional journalists were surveyed on issues related to COVID-19-related stress, job satisfaction, and feelings of occupational alienation. The results suggested that COVID-19-related stress was associated with decreased job satisfaction, which, in turn, was associated with enhanced feelings of occupational alienation. We also found that COVID-related professional performance stressors were significantly associated with feelings of occupational alienation. Finally, the results suggested that journalists who identify as women may disproportionally experience certain forms of COVID-19-related stress.