bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
القَوْلُ بِالصَّرْفَة عِنْدَ المُعْتَزِلَة
Authors: إسماعيل سليمان مختار
Published: October 2019

هذه الورقة البحثية والتي هي بعنوان : " القَوْلُ بِالصَّرْفَة عِنْدَ المُعْتَزِلَة " هي محاولة للنظر في وجه من وجـوه الإعجاز وهـو القول بالصَّرفة. إذ يسعى الباحث إلى دراسة قضية الصرفة في إعجاز القرآن الكريم عند فرقة المعتزلة؛ وذلك بعرض وتعريف أقوال بعض أئمتهم، وكذلك مواقف علماء الإسلام من غير المعتزلة في هذا الشأن.
وقد تم تنـاول هـذا الموضـوع في أربعـة أقـسام رئيسة؛ فبدأ الباحث بتعريف القرآن الكريم لغة واصطلاحاً، وأتبعه بتعريف المعجزة وتبيان معنى الإعجاز، فذكر وجوه الإعجاز إجمالا، ثم عرّف المعتزلة على أنها فرقة من أكثر الفرق الإسلامية دفاعا عن القرآن وحديثا عن الإعجاز حديثا علميا مستندا إلى الأدلة العقلية، وأكثر من عُرف عنهم القول بالصرفة فأتى على معنى الصرفة عندهم، ثم وقف عند خمسة من أشهر أئمتهم القائلين بالصرفة وهم: النظام، والجاحظ، والرماني، والقاضي عبد الجبار، والزمخشري، ثم ذكر أقوالهم ورؤاهم المتشابهة أحيانا والمتباينة أحيانا أخرى في قضية الصرفة. وأوضح الباحث في الختام وجوه بطلان القول بالصرفة قائلا إنه رأي مرفوض عند علماء المسلمين معتزلة وسنة، وبيّن أسباب ذلك في نقاط عِدة تُبطل القول به وتثبت أنه تهافت باطل فاسد، كما أن في نسبته إلى فرقة المعتزلة ظلم وافتراء؛ فهو وإن كان قد عرف عن بعض أئمتهم فمنهم من رده ورفضه معتقدا أن الإعجاز في القرآن هو في بلاغته ونظمه وما جاء فيه من الغيبيات. وأنهى الباحث ورقته بالإشارة إلى المصادر والمراجع المختلفة التي اعتمدت عليها دراسته .
Food Tourism in a Marginal Agricultural Region: The Case of Michigan's Upper Peninsula
Authors: Broadway Michael , Antunes Leticia , Broadway John
Published: October 2019

Sandwiched between Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron, Michigan's Upper Peninsula has been catering to tourists for over 100 years. The region's isolation and wilderness make it ideal for tourists wanting to escape to the outdoors. The area has a distinct cuisine that originated
with Native Americans and Europeans drawn to the region's mines. During the second half of the 20th century, farming in the Upper Peninsula declined due to a short growing season, poor soils, and distances from markets. However, in the past 25 years a number of farms have opened in the central
Upper Peninsula, and specifically the Marquette area, growing vegetables using season-extending technology. These farms represent a source of local food that could support a food tourist industry, while contributing to the region's sustainability. The purpose of this article is to examine
the degree to which restaurants in the Marquette area are incorporating local food in their menus and conveying a sense of place. The study found that most restaurants fail to mention local food suppliers on their menus, and despite the Upper Peninsula's distinct cultural identity it does
not extend to the promotion of a local food culture. However, to the east of Marquette in the small town of Munising, a restaurant illustrates that it is possible for tourists to taste the Upper Peninsula through local food. In short, food tourism has the potential to attract tourists to the
area but there needs to be a concerted effort to promote local food in restaurants.
Imagined Idylls and Nostalgic Idealization: Gastronomic Tourism in Rural Hungary
Authors: Csurgó Bernadett , Hindley Clare , Smith Melanie Kay
Published: October 2019

As a counterbalance to the speed of movement that dominates the modern era, rural living can offer a less frenetic experience, including slow food, and an imagined (if romanticized) rural "idyll." Urban cosmopolitans and tourists partake of both leisure and tourism activities in the
countryside, and in some cases even settle there permanently. The authors explore the impacts of such developments on local culinary "habitus" and the impacts of tourism demand on local gastronomic traditions and identity using a series of in-depth interviews undertaken in several regions
of rural Hungary. These interviews reflect the perspectives of local communities, urban migrants, and other stakeholders who have contributed to the diversification and hybridization of the rural environment and its gastronomic traditions. The authors conclude that traditional food production
and gastronomy play a central role in the imagined construction of a rural idyll, community identity construction, and the nostalgic idealization of rural living in Hungary.
Antiarthritic Activity of Achyranthes Aspera on Formaldehyde - Induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Chinnasamy Velmurugan , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Chandiran Sarath , Kayarohanam Saminathan , Kanniyan Dhanapal Сhidambaram , Velaga Venkata Sathya Saiappala Raju , Muhammad Shafiulla
Published: October 2019

AIM: To determine the ameliorative potential of aqueous extract of Achyranthesaspera(AEAA) against arthritis using swiss albino mice and Wistar rats, and its possible mechanism of action.
METHODS: Swiss albino mice (25-30 g) and Wistar rats (150-180 g) under standard controlled conditions (24 ± 2°C, 50-70 humidity and 12 h light/dark cycle). The groups were divided into 6 groups (n = 6/group) and assigned as control, negative control, standard and, formaldehyde supplemented with two different test dose groups of A. aspera for 4 weeks. Arthritis induced by subplantar administration of 0.1 ml formaldehyde (2% v/v) into the left hind paw in all groups except normal control. Arthritis was assessed using serum Hb, ESR, paw volume, joint diameter, radiological and histopathological investigation.
RESULTS: Oral administration of AEAA shown a significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent protection against formaldehyde induced arthritis. At 21st day, A.asperashown an inhibition of paw volume in the different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were found to be 30% and, 38.33% respectively. At 14th day the joint swelling was found to be 27.2% and 36.36 respectively. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) had an effect of 36.61% inhibition of arthritis and joint swelling at 21st and 14th day.
CONCLUSION: Thus, the present study revealed that the aqueous extract of A. aspera offered significant protection against arthritis and joint inflammation.
Corneal Cross-linking in Thin Corneas: 1-Year Results of Accelerated Contact Lens–Assisted Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Knyazer Boris , Kormas Ran Matlov , Chorny Alexander , Lifshitz Tova , Achiron Asaf , Mimouni Michael
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of accelerated contact lens–assisted cross-linking (A-CACXL) for patients with keratoconus and thin corneas.

METHODS:

This retrospective study included consecutive patients undergoing A-CACXL for progressive keratoconus from 2015 to 2017. Patients with a minimum corneal thickness of 400 µm or less after epithelium removal who underwent A-CACXL (9 mW/cm
2
for 10 minutes, using iso-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin solution and a 90-µm thick, daily disposable bandage soft contact lens) with a follow-up time of 12 months or more were included. The main outcome measures were uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity and minimum corneal thickness at the last visit. Progression (increase) and flattening (decrease) were defined as a change of 1.00 diopters (D) or greater in maximum keratometry or 1.50 D or greater in mean keratometry.

RESULTS:

Overall, 24 eyes of 24 patients were included with a follow-up time of 18.2 ± 6.3 months and a mean minimum corneal thickness, after epithelial debridement, of 353.13 µm. There was a significant improvement in UDVA (
P
= .009), maximum keratometry (
P
= .03), anterior steep keratometry (
P
= .04), anterior astigmatism (
P
= .02), and posterior astigmatism (
P
= .04) with no significant change in minimum corneal thickness (
P
= .11). There was a significant improvement in UDVA (0.90 ± 0.63 to 0.64 ± 0.47 logMAR,
P
= .009), maximum keratometry (61.20 ± 6.30 to 59.90 ± 5.70 D,
P
= .03), anterior steep keratometry (55.10 ± 3.90 to 54.50 ± 4.10 D,
P
= .04), anterior astigmatism (5.50 ± 2.40 to 4.60 ± 2.10 D,
P
= .02), and posterior astigmatism (0.90 ± 0.40 to 0.80 ± 0.40 D,
P
= .04) with no significant change in minimum corneal thickness (from 399.8 ± 30.7 to 391.0 ± 43.8 μm,
P
= .11). Flattening occurred in 45.8% (n = 11) and progression in 20.8% (n = 5). There were no serious adverse events. Persistent clinically significant stromal haze occurred in one case and completely resolved by 6 months. There was no significant change in endothelial cell density (
P
= .10).

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with keratoconus and thin corneas, A-CACXL halted keratoconus progression in 80%, led to flattening in 45%, and significantly improved UDVA and keratometry values without any evidence of damage to the corneal endothelium or permanent adverse events.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(10):642–648.]
La Bible entre ses langues :de l’hébreu au yiddish
Authors: Tauber Michèle
Published: October 2019

Le yiddish, langue de fusion parlée par les Juifs d’Europe centrale et orientale pendant près de mille ans, a donné lieu, dès le XVIe siècle, à une littérature abondante et variée. Il existe ainsi un nombre impressionnant de poèmes, pièces de théâtre, romans et essais mais également de traductions des grands classiques de la littérature universelle… et bien sûr de la Bible. Celle-ci a fait l’objet de nombreuses traductions, en vers et en prose dont la plus célèbre, la Tsenerene, est présentée et illustrée dans cet article. En fait, plutôt que d’une traduction, il s’agit d’un commentaire du Pentateuque, des cinq Rouleaux et des lectures bibliques correspondant à la péricope hebdomadaire lue le Shabbat à la synagogue, les haftoyres. Cet ouvrage composé par Yaaqov ben Yitshok Ashkenazi de Janow au XVIe siècle nous est parvenu dans l’édition de Lublin, 1622. L’auteur s’est inspiré d’une multitude de sources, à la fois des exégèses du Pentateuque, des légendes talmudiques et midrashiques, des extraits du Zohar, des commentaires médiévaux ainsi que des considérations morales ou concernant les usages. Son titre est une citation du Cantique des Cantiques, en hébreu : Tsenah u-reenah benot Tsiyon (III,11) : « Sortez et voyez filles de Sion » et indique bien que le livre est essentiellement destiné aux femmes et aux jeunes filles. Il s’agit d’une « véritable encyclopédie populaire de la tradition et d’un guide spirituel ou moral à l’usage des non-initiés. Cette forme anthologique explique qu’il demeure le livre yiddish le plus répandu dans les communautés juives ashkénazes » (Baumgarten Jean, Introduction à la littérature yiddish ancienne, Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 1993, p. 46).
Edmond Fleg et André Chouraqui
Authors: Kaufmann Francine
Published: October 2019

Au XXe siècle, la traduction juive de la Bible en France échappe au rabbinat pour devenir le fait d’écrivains-poètes qui s’attachent à mettre en valeur la beauté littéraire du texte biblique, autant que sa dimension spirituelle et religieuse. Parmi eux Edmond Fleg (Genève 1874-Paris 1964), et André Chouraqui (Aïn Temouchent 1917-Jérusalem 2007). Ils ont aussi tenté de réhébraïser le texte, de le dépoussiérer, de le déchristianiser, tout en suivant la méthode exégétique juive qui traque le sens dans la forme et souligne l’importance des mots-clés et des répétitions délibérées.
Effect of Climate Change on Tropical Dry Forests
Authors: Sinha Pooja Gokhale
Published: October 2019

Around 1.6 billion people in the world are directly dependent on forests for food, fodder, fuel, shelter, and livelihood, out of which 60 million are entirely dependent on forests. Forests silently provide us with ecosystem services such as climate regulation, carbon sequestration, harbouring biodiversity, synchronizing nutrient cycling, and many more. Tropical Dry Forests (TDF's) occupy around 42% of total forest area of the tropics and subtropics and facilitate sustenance of world's marginalized populations. Change in vegetation composition and distribution, deflected succession, carbon sequestration potential, nutrient cycling and symbiotic associations would affect TDF at ecosystem level. At species level, climate change will impact photosynthesis, phenology, physiognomy, seed germination, and temperature-sensitive physiological processes. In order to mitigate the effects of climate change, specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are required for TDF that need to be designed with concerted efforts from scientists, policy makers and local stakeholders.
Biogeographic and Anthropogenic Effects on Asian Elephants in Tropical Forests of Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Augeri David M.
Published: October 2019

DISTANCE protocols and MIKE Survey Standards were used in the field to determine Critically Endangered (CR) (A2c) Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) occupancy, density and abundance in Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP). Forest and habitat type, age, character, and integrity were the most significant factors affecting elephant occupancy. Principal forage types relative to elephant activity were palms and lianas, which dominated significantly in undisturbed primary forest. DISTANCE model density D=0.167 elephants/km-2 (95% CI=0.106–0.262), best-fitting occupancy Ψ=0.6321 (SE±0.0010) and detection probability p=0.6225 (SE±0.0001) estimates combined yielded N=407 elephants (95% CI: 258–638) in GLNP. The most parsimonious occupancy model estimated N=392.82 elephants (SE:±30.65; 95% CI: 332.78-452.95) in GLNP. Forest restoration, ecosystem protections, and conservation plans for Asian elephants, biodiversity, and forests are suggested in this study.
Para destruir a memória e demolir o patrimônio: algumas questões sobre a história e seu ensino
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: October 2019

O artigo faz uma reflexão acerca de alguns significados atribuídos à memória e ao patrimônio para ampliar as discussões sobre seus usos para a história e seu ensino. Em seguida, as análises são direcionadas para problematizar o cine Marrocos Marabá como ‘lugar de memória’ e patrimônio cultural. A partir das reflexões desenvolvidas e dos documentos mobilizados, foi possível mostrar a importância e a necessidade em desconstruir os significados cristalizados — que são apresentados e representados — pela memória e sedimentados pelo patrimônio para entendê-los como construções históricas e ampliar as possibilidades de seus usos na pesquisa e/ou no ensino da História.
A study to investigate the help and education required by families of elderly disabled people
Authors: Denton C.
Published: October 2019

No abstract available
Analysis of Vaccination Rates of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine after Quality Improvement Project in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Seagroves Amy , Reh Christina S. , Bischoff Nathaniel , Nally Laura , Singh Jasjit
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Since 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that patients over two years with diabetes mellitus (DM) receive the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). Methods: Retrospective chart review was initiated by a quality improvement (QI) project to determine PPSV23 administration rates for inpatients with DM at Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC). The QI project included education for staff and families regarding need for PPSV23 in patients with DM. Electronic medical record (EMR) order sets for DM were updated with PPSV23 vaccine. Data were collected from EMR to identify differences in subjects who were vaccinated with PPSV23 and unvaccinated from April 2015 to April 2016. Results: Before April 2015, PPSV23 was not being given to inpatients with DM. There were 199 individual subjects admitted to CHOC with DM from April 2015 to April 2016. Of those, 78 subjects (39.1%) received vaccine. Data were categorized to identify if vaccine was ordered (n = 152) or not (n = 47). Univariate logistic regression analysis performed on whether PPSV23 was ordered showed age, location (pediatric intensive care unit [PICU] vs. floor), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), primary DM admission, and insulin pump vs. injection usage were significant factors (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that those with higher HbA1c (P = 0.014), new-onset DM (P = 0.009), and those admitted for primary DM-related issues (P = 0.007) were more likely to have PPSV23 ordered. No significant subject factors identified differences in why vaccine was not administered (n = 74) once ordered. Conclusion: PPSV23 rates for pediatric inpatients with DM increased from 0% to 39% during one year following education and EMR modifications.
Microwave drying of corn seeds: Effect of Temperature on Drying Time, Energy Consuption and Germination Rate
Authors: Hernández Moreno Ángel , Hernández-Maqueda Rafael , Ballesterios Isabel , Torres-Miño Carlos
Published: October 2019

Previous studies on the microwave drying of corn seeds have shown that the process parameters employed play a very important role in determining the properties and quality of this grain (Gürsoy et al, 2013). Among these parameters, the drying temperature has a fundamental role (Nair et al, 2011). The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of temperature on drying time, energy consumption and germination rate of corn seeds after they have been dried with microwave energy. To achieve the proposed objective, the drying process of these seeds was carried out in a rotating turntable domestic microwave oven (LACOR Model 69330), with a capacity of 30 liters and a total output power of 900 W, fitted with a PID temperature controller Eurotherm 3216 L. In this oven, 100 g of corn seeds, with an initial humidity of approximately 20%, was heated up to 3 drying temperatures (35, 55 and 75 °C). The seeds were weighed every 30 minutes and the drying process was considered completed when a humidity of 12 % was obtained. For each drying temperature studied, the experiments were carried out in duplicate. In each experiment, the electrical energy consumption was measured using a FLUKE 1735 energy analyzer. A sample of the dried seeds was subject to germination tests in a petri dish using filter paper and a volume of distillate water of 20mL to achieve sufficient humidity for them to sprout. Table 1 shows the average values obtained from the variables evaluated for each drying temperature.   Table 1. Results of the microwave drying experiments of the corn seeds at different temperatures and their germination tests. Drying temperature (ºC) Drying time to reach a humidity of 12% (min) Energy consumption (Wh) Germination rate (%) 35 345,0 880,3 90,0 55 118,5 330,0 81,3 75 73,5 183,9 12,0   As can be seen in Table 1, the temperature exerts a significant influence on the drying process and the germination rate of the corn seeds. An increase in the drying temperature causes a simultaneous decrease in drying time (∿ 78%) and in energy consumption (∿ 79%), which are very positive aspects. However, there is also an unacceptable decrease (∿ 87%) in the germination rate of the corn seeds.   References Gürsoy, S., Choudhary, R., Watson, D.G. Int. J Agric. & Biol. Eng., 2013, 6, 1, 90–99.Nair, G.R., Li, Z., Gariepy, Y., Raghavan, V. Drying Technology, 2011, 29, 11, 1291-1296.
Megafauna community assessment of polymetallic nodule fields with cameras: Platform and methodology comparison
Authors: Schoening Timm , Purser Autun , Langenkämper Daniel , Suck Inken , Taylor James , Cuvelier Daphne , Lins Lidia , Simon-Lledó Erik , Marcon Yann , Jones Daniel O. B. , Nattkemper Tim , Köser Kevin , Zurowietz Martin , Gomes-Pereira Jose , Greinert Jens
Published: October 2019

Abstract. With the mining of polymetallic nodules from the deep sea seafloor again approaching commercial viability, decisions must be taken on how to most efficiently regulate and monitor physical and community disturbance in these remote ecosystems. Image based approaches allow non-destructive assessment of larger fauna abundances to be derived from survey data, with repeat surveys of areas possible to allow time series data collection. At time of writing key underwater imaging platforms commonly used to map seafloor fauna abundances are Automated Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and towed camera Ocean Floor Observation Systems (OFOSs). These systems are highly customisable, with mounted cameras, illumination systems and deployment protocols rapidly changing over time, and even within survey cruises. In this study 8 image datasets were collected from a discrete area of polymetallic nodule rich seafloor by an AUV and several OFOSs deployed at various altitudes above the seafloor. A fauna identification catalogue was used by 5 annotators to estimate the abundances of 20 fauna categories from the different data sets. Results show that for many categories of megafauna differences in image resolution greatly influenced the estimations of fauna abundance determined by the annotators. This is an important finding for the development of future monitoring legislation for these areas. When and if commercial exploitation of these marine resources commences, to ensure best monitoring practice, unambiguous rules on how camera-based monitoring surveys should be conducted, and with what equipment, must be put in place.
Differing precipitation response between Solar Radiation Management and Carbon Dioxide Removal due to fast and slow components
Authors: Laakso Anton , Snyder Peter K. , Liess Stefan , Partanen Antti-Ilari , Millet Dylan B.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Solar Radiation Management (SRM) and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) are geoengineering methods that have been proposed to prevent climate warming in the event of insufficient greenhouse gas emission reductions. Here, we have studied temperature and precipitation responses to CDR and SRM with the RCP4.5 scenario using the MPI-ESM and CESM Earth System Models (ESMs). The SRM scenarios were designed to meet one of the two different climate targets: to keep either global mean 1) surface temperature or 2) precipitation at the 2010–2020 level via stratospheric sulfur injections. Stratospheric sulfur fields were simulated beforehand with an aerosol-climate model, with the same aerosol radiative properties used in both ESMs. In the CDR scenario, atmospheric CO2 concentrations were reduced to keep the global mean temperature at approximately the 2010–2020 level. Results show that applying SRM to offset 21st century climate warming in the RCP4.5 scenario leads to a 1.42 % (MPI-ESM) or 0.73 % (CESM) reduction in global mean precipitation, whereas CDR increases global precipitation by 0.5 % in both ESMs for 2080–2100 relative to 2010–2020. In all cases, the simulated global mean precipitation change can be represented as the sum of a slow temperature-dependent component and a fast temperature-independent component, which are quantified by regression method. Based on this component analysis, the fast temperature-independent component of CO2 explains the global mean precipitation change in both SRM and CDR scenarios. Based on the SRM simulations, a total of 163–199 Tg(S) (CESM) or 292–318 Tg(S) (MPI-ESM) of injected sulfur from 2020 to 2100 was required to offset global mean warming based on the RCP4.5 scenario. To prevent a global mean precipitation increase, only 95–114 Tg(S) was needed and this was also enough to prevent global mean climate warming from exceeding 2 degrees above preindustrial temperatures. The distinct effects of SRM in the two ESM simulations mainly reflected differing shortwave absorption responses to water vapor. Results also showed relatively large differences in the individual (fast versus slow) precipitation components between ESMs.
Projected increases in magnitude and socioeconomic exposure of global droughts in 1.5 °C and 2 °C warmer climates
Authors: Gu Lei , Chen Jie , Yin Jiabo , Sullivan Sylvia C. , Wang Hui-Min , Guo Shenglian , Zhang Liping , Kim Jong-Suk
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Paris Agreement sets a long-term temperature goal to hold global warming to well below 2.0 °C and strives to limit to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels. Droughts with either intense severity or a long persistence could both lead to substantial impacts such as infrastructure failure and ecosystem vulnerability, and they are projected to occur more frequently and trigger intensified socioeconomic consequences with global warming. However, existing assessments targeting global droughts under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming levels usually neglect the multifaceted nature of droughts and might underestimate potential risks. This study, within a bivariate framework, quantifies the change of global drought conditions and corresponding socioeconomic exposures for additional 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming trajectories. The drought characteristics are identified using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) combined with the run theory, with the climate scenarios projected by 13 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) under three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). The copula functions and the most likely realization are incorporated to model the joint distribution of drought severity and duration, and changes in the bivariate return period with global warming are evaluated. Finally, the drought exposures of populations and regional gross domestic product (GDP) under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) are investigated globally. The results show that within the bivariate framework, the historical 50-year droughts may double across 58 % of global landmasses in a 1.5 °C warmer world, while when the warming climbs up to 2.0 °C, an additionally 9 % of world landmasses would be exposed to such catastrophic drought deteriorations. More than 75 (73) countries' population (GDP) will be completely affected by increasing drought risks under the 1.5 °C warming, while an extra 0.5 °C warming will further lead to an additional 17 countries suffering from a nearly unbearable situation. Our results demonstrate that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, compared with 2 °C warming, can perceptibly mitigate the drought impacts over major regions of the world.
Top Level Rotor Optimisations based on Actuator Disc Theory
Authors: Jamieson Peter
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Ahead of the elaborate rotor optimisation modelling that would support detailed design, it is shown that significant insight and new design directions can be indicated with simple, high level analyses based on actuator disc theory. The basic equations derived from actuator disc theory for rotor power, axial thrust and out of plane bending moment in any given wind condition involve essentially only the rotor radius, R, and the axial induction factor, a. Radius, bending moment or thrust may be constrained or fixed with quite different rotor optimisations resulting in each case. The case of fixed radius or rotor diameter leads to conventional rotor design and the long-established result that power is maximised with an axial induction factor, a = 1 / 3. When the out of plane bending moment is constrained to a fixed value with axial induction variable in value (but constant radially) and when rotor radius is also variable, an optimum axial induction of 1 / 5 is determined. This leads to a rotor that is expanded in diameter 11.6 % gaining 7.6 % in power and with thrust reduced by 10 %. This is the “low induction rotor” which has been investigated by Chaviaropoulos (2013). However, with an optimum radially varying distribution of axial induction, the same 7.6 % power gain can be obtained with only 6.7 % expansion in rotor diameter. When without constraint on bending moment, the thrust is constrained to a fixed value, the power is maximised as a → 0 which for finite power extraction would require R → ∞. This result is relevant when secondary rotors are used for power extraction from a primary rotor. To avoid too much loss of the source power available from the primary rotor, the secondary rotors must operate at very low induction factors whilst avoiding too high a tip speed or an excessive rotor diameter. Some general design issues of secondary rotors are explored. It is suggested that they may have most practical potential for large vertical axis turbines avoiding the severe penalties on drive train cost and weight implicit in the usual method of power extraction from a central shaft.
Paper-Gate: The Philadelphia Bell and the “Scandal” That Brought Down the World Football League
Authors: Crawford Denis M.
Published: October 2019

On August 4, 1974, Philadelphia Inquirer sportswriter Frank Dolson reported that the Philadelphia Bell, a team in the World Football League (WFL), lied about the number of tickets they had sold. Dolson determined the team only sold 20,000 of the 120,000 tickets reported by Bell officials. The team gave the other 100,000 away to fill the stadium in an action known to show business promoters as “papering.” Coining the term “Paper-Gate,” Dolson vilified the Bell, equating their operations with the Nixon Watergate scandal occurring at the same time. Dolson's use of the suffix “-gate” was an early example of the use of it as shorthand for scandal. His Paper-Gate term quickly became a national phenomenon as reporters in other WFL cities learned of widespread papering throughout the league. Within days the league was a national joke, the Bell and other teams were on the verge of bankruptcy, and Bell president Jack Kelly resigned on the same day as President Richard M. Nixon.
The Local Is Global: Philadelphia's Weatherwomen Bring the War Home to Pennsylvania
Authors: Bloodworth Jeff
Published: October 2019

Local and state histories need not be parochial. This article examines the intersection of Pennsylvania with swirling global revolutionary winds in the 1960s and 1970s, especially the Weathermen (later called the Weather Underground). It further studies how Philadelphia produced a radical pacifist, direct action, prefigurative political impulse within the New Left. Led in the Keystone State by Philadelphia-educated women, or Weatherwomen, the movement intersected with global revolutionary actions. The Weathermen, a splinter group of the Students for a Democratic Society, were the products of a relatively sophisticated and systematic set of transnational revolutionary ideas. Philosophically led by the young French radical Regis Debray and Latin American revolutionaries Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, these globally minded radicals built and promoted a revolutionary program aimed to topple Western liberal capitalism.
SOBRE DERECHO Y VERDAD II. GENEALOGÍA(S), DE GERMÁN SUCAR Y JORGE CERDIO (EDS.)
Authors: Soriano Cienfuegos Carlos
Published: October 2019

La extraordinaria obra que se reseña corresponde al segundo volumen de un proyecto editorial colectivo internacional integrado en su totalidad por cuatro volúmenes (siendo los restantes: vol. i Introducción; vol. iii Concepciones y vol. iv Problemas), de los cuales este segundo –con el título de Genealogía(s)– es el único que por el momento ha salido a la luz. Singular en su género en tanto que es propuesta, según enfatizan los propios editores, como la primera obra que ofrece un estudio histórico sobre las relaciones...
ENTREVISTA A RODOLFO VÁZQUEZ
Authors: Atienza Manuel
Published: October 2019

Desde mediados de 1974 mi familia, padres y hermanos de origen argentino, estábamos ya instalados en la Ciudad de México. Para entonces había decidido estudiar filosofía, y por diversas circunstancias, ingresé en una universidad jesuita, la UIA, donde concluí los estudios de licenciatura y maestría. En ese periodo concentré mi atención en la filosofía clásica y medieval, y en áreas teóricas como la epistemología y la metafísica. Había iniciado, también en la UIA, la licenciatura en Derecho...
UNA EVALUACIÓN NORMATIVA DEL USO DE DRONES EN CONFLICTOS ARMADOS ASIMÉTRICOS
Authors: Chehtman Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Las aeronaves remotamente tripuladas (popularmente conocidas como drones) han tenido una incidencia creciente en los conflictos armados contemporáneos, y es esperable que ésta no haga sino aumentar en el futuro cercano. A menudo han sido presentados como “revolucionarios” y tanto resistidos como defendidos a ultranza en la literatura especializada. Este artículo procura analizar cómo los drones nos obligan a repensar el marco normativo en virtud del cual consideramos el uso de la fuerza permisible. En particular, examina cómo algunos de sus principales rasgos inciden no solamente en la aplicación de los principios de necesidad y proporcionalidad, sino también en su precisión conceptual, y argumenta que las probabilidades de éxito forman parte sustancial de una concepción plausible del principio de proporcionalidad. El artículo cierra considerando (y rechazando) el argumento de Walzer según el cual, dado que el daño causado es finalmente responsabilidad de quienes usan a civiles inocentes como escudos humanos, y no de quienes operan los drones, el hecho de que puedan causar una cantidad desproporcionada de daño es irrelevante a la hora de evaluar su permisibilidad.
Formas puras y corruptas de referéndums. Notas para una evaluación de su legitimidad democrática
Authors: Barreyro María Emilia
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo se propone brindar un abordaje normativo de la cuestión de la legitimidad democrática de los referéndums. Se centrará en una objeción puntual contra ellos, la que los sospecha de proveer a la mayoría un medio para tiranizar a las minorías, aquí traducida en términos de tensión entre el principio de soberanía popular y el sistema de derechos, pues exacerba la soberanía popular en detrimento de derechos humanos, en el caso, derechos de las minorías. Contra esta objeción sostendré que si (α) la gramática institucional del referéndum garantiza una estructura básica de justicia y (β) él es utilizado en un contexto democrático, entonces este armoniza el principio de soberanía popular y el sistema de derechos, y por tanto, no representa un medio para tiranizar a las minorías, i.e. goza de legitimidad democrática en lo que concierne al aspecto aquí considerado. En el caso de que alguna de aquellas condiciones falten, el referéndumresulta ilegítimo en términos democráticos. Del primer tipo de referéndum se dirá que pertence a la forma pura, mientras que, del segundo, se dirá que reviste la forma corrupta. A lo largo del artículo se especificará en qué consisten las condiciones (α) y (β).
Nota editorial
Authors: Puppo Alberto
Published: October 2019

Con el número 49 de Isonomía se cierran y se abren caminos. Es con mucha tristeza que nos despedimos de la Revista en su versión impresa, que, desde su fundación por Rodolfo Vázquez, ha acompañado alrededor del mundo a las y los académica/os interesada/os por la filosofía y la teoría del derecho.
In vitro bacteriostatic activity of Origanum vulgare, Cymbopogon citratus, and Lippia alba essential oils in cat food bacterial isolates
Authors: Possamai Monique Catarine Fischer , Santos Isabela Carvalho dos , Silva Eloísa Schneider , Gazim Zilda Cristiani , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Soares Andréia Assunção , Germano Ricardo de Melo , Fanin Maurício , Sá Thaís Camaso de , Otutumi Luciana Kazue
Published: October 2019

The pet industry is currently expanding and specializing mainly in the field of domestic felines. Problems related to antimicrobial resistance are frequent, and the use of essential oils (EOs) in animal feed has become a novel treatment strategy. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the bacteriostatic activity of Brazilian lemon balm (Lippia alba), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), and oregano (Origanum vulgare) in bacterial isolates from 12 samples of cat food sold in bulk. The EOs from fresh leaves of crops were obtained from the Medicinal Garden of Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná. Cat food samples were processed for identification of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The determination of the bacteriostatic activity of the EOs was performed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at dilutions of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.62 mg/mL. The diffusion disc technique was used to evaluate the resistance profile to the main antimicrobials used in the feline clinic and to analyze the effect of the association of these antimicrobials with the EOs studied. A total of 23 isolates were obtained, of which 16 were gram-negative and seven were gram-positive. As for the oil composition for L. alba, C. citratus, and O. vulgare, 40, 24, and 44 compounds were identified, respectively, with the major ones being geranial, geranial/?-citral, and carvacrol, respectively. Regarding MIC, no differences were found for any EOs tested. The lowest MIC value was obtained for the C. citratus EO (0.83 mg/mL) for two bacteria (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium kutscheri). The means of the inhibition halos for the 10 antimicrobials tested in association or not with one of the EOs for Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, and Serratia rubidaea showed that, for S. rubidaea, the inhibition halo diameter (12.4 mm) was greater (p < 0.05) when amoxicillin was associated with the O. vulgare EO than the association of the same antibiotic with the C. citratus EO (11.0 mm). For K. aerogenes and P. vulgaris, there was no difference in inhibition halo diameter when EOs were included. In conclusion, L. alba, C. citratus, and O. vulgare EOs are effective in inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and can be added to cat food to replace chemical antimicrobials.
Result of study on developing forest seed region in Mongolia
Authors: S Jamyansuren , B Udval , N Batkhuu , J Bat-Erdene , Fischer Michael
Published: October 2019

In foreign countries, motor roads and railroads are usually used as borders of forest seed regions. In the case of Mongolia, this method is not suitable in view of the sparse population, large distribution area of forests and the huge territory of the country. Therefore, this study used topographical features to determine the borders of the seed regions. Satellite images in combination with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) make it possible to define rivers, streams and mountain ridges as the borders of forest seed regions. Overall, we identified 19 seed regions for Siberian larch and 12 regions for Scots pine, 9 regions for Siberian pine, 6 regions for Siberian fir and 9 seed regions for Siberian spruce forests. Due to a lack of genetic-selection studies in Mongolia, these proposed forest seed regions can be considered as a preliminary effort with an opportunity to be updated and improved based on more detailed research results. The forest seed regions and maps will play important role as fundamental material for establishing a permanent forest seed supply based on genetic-selection characteristics of the forests in different regions in Mongolia.
Study of anatomical feature of in vitro and ex vitro regeneration plant of Sophora Alopecuroides l.
Authors: M Tsolmon , B Bayarmaa , Yu Oyunbileg
Published: October 2019

The success of shoot and rooting from the nodal shoot segments of Sophora alopecuroides L. were induced in vitro condition. However, transferring and acclimatizing the plantlets to under soil or ex vitro condition were difficult. This study investigated plant survival with anatomical changes in plantlets while transferring from in vitro to ex vitro conditions to investigate vascular cylinder variations. The ex vitro rooting of the in vitro regenerated shoots, after having been treated with 500 mg/L IBA, showed a success rate of 80 per cent. These plantlets were rooted and acclimatized simultaneously in ex vitro condition.
Development of a Semantic Representation Model of Criminal Information to Support the Assessment of Risk Situations
Authors: Saran Jordan Ferreira , Botega Leonardo
Published: October 2019

Situational Awareness (SAW) refers to the level of consciousness that an individual or team holds over a situation. In the area of ​​risk management and criminal data analysis, SAW failures can induce human operators to make mistakes in decision making and pose risks to life or property. In this context, risk assessment processes, which commonly involves data mining, fusion and other methods, present opportunities to generate better information and contribute to the improvement of the SAW of crime and risk analysts. However, the characterization of complex scenarios is subject to problems of representation and expressiveness of the information, which may influence its interpretation due to their quality and significance, generating uncertainties. The state-of-the-art in representation of information on risk situations and related areas presents approaches with limited use of information quality. In addition, the solutions are restricted to syntactic mechanisms for the determination of relations between information, negatively restricting the assertiveness of the results. Thus, this paper aims to develop a new approach to semantic representation of information of risk situations, more specifically creating domain ontologies, instantiated with crime data and information quality. In a case study, real information on crimes, represented by the new semantic model and consumed by computational inference processes, was be processed, aiming to characterize robbery and theft situations.
DYRP-VLC: Um Protocolo De Roteamento Dinâmico Para Redes De Comunicação Por Luz Visível
Authors: Matheus Luiz Eduardo Mendes , Vieira Alex Borges , Vieira Marcos A. M.
Published: October 2019

Na última década, o interesse em torno da Comunicação por Luz Visível (VLC) aumentou consideravelmente, devido a fatores como a crescente demanda por recursos sem fio na Internet e às vantagens oferecidas pela transmissão de dados através da luz visível. Entretanto, a utilização da luz como meio de comunicação apresenta diversos desafios como interferência e bloqueios criados por obstáculos. Ao mesmo tempo, diversos ambientes oferecem uma rica infraestrutura de fontes de luz, que podem ser utilizadas para auxiliar na comunicação, por exemplo, através de mecanismos de cooperação.Neste trabalho, foi apresentamos DYRP-VLC, um protocolo de roteamento dinâmico que tem como objetivo aumentar o desempenho de sistemas VLC em ambientes dinâmicos. DYRP-VLC reage a obstáculos, construindo rotas alternativas na rede. A avaliação do protocolo foi realizada em um ambiente real, utilizando a plataforma embarcada OpenVLC 1.0. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, usando o DYRP-VLC, a rede foi capaz de se adaptar a mudanças dinâmicas do ambiente de comunicação, como sombras e obstáculos. Assim, a rede manteve a comunicação ininterrupta, com uma sobrecarga negligenciável (1%). Este trabalhou gerou 1 mini-curso, 2 artigos nacionais e 3 periódicos.
Um Mecanismo Adaptativo de Descoberta de Serviços para Internet das Coisas Centrado no Consumo Energético
Authors: Gomes de Melo Robson , dos Santos Aldri  Luiz
Published: October 2019

A Internet das Coisas demanda pelo meios do gerenciamento da descoberta de serviços e pela garantia da manutenção dos serviços providos. Uma das possíveis abordagens empregadas na descoberta de serviços consiste no uso de repositórios de serviços, que suportam o registro, atualização e requisição de serviços. Contudo, o número de mensagens de atualização trocadas entre os dispositivos e o repositório causam impacto na carga energética dos dispositivos, e assim diminuem a disponibilidade dos serviços. Este trabalho propõe um mecanismo de descoberta de serviço, denominado MADS, que controla o período de atualização dos serviços de acordo com o consumo energético do dispositivo. As rotinas de execução mostram que o MADS diminui o número de mensagens de atualização de serviço trocadas entre dispositivo e repositório. Ele também tem melhorado a disponibilidade de serviços, além de oferecer uma classificação do indicador de disponibilidade. Em comparações com abordagens clássicas, MADS chega a reduzir até 90% a troca de mensagens de anúncio de serviços e ser até 75% mais disponível que outras soluções.
Gerenciamento da Infraestrutura de Comunicação baseado na Distribuição Gaussiana do Tempo de Contato entre Veículos e a Infraestrutura
Authors: Silva Lucas , Souza Fernanda Sumika  H. , Guidoni Daniel  Ludovico , Sarubbi João F. M. , Pitangui Cristiano , Silva Cristiano  Maciel da
Published: October 2019

Seeking novel solutions for urban mobility seems paramount for 21st century society. This work discusses the performance of vehicular networks relying on the Delta Network. Delta characterizes the connectivity of the vehicular network by the percentage of travel time in which the vehicles are connected to the infrastructure. This work presents a novel deployment strategy based on the Gaussian distribution of the percentage of the trip duration in which vehicles are covered by the infrastructure. Roadside units are distributed throughout the urban area through a heuristic based on weights assigned according to the trips that are covered by the new roadside unit. The most important gain of this approach is that the resulting coverage pattern favors most of the fleet experiencing similar connectivity, while vehicles with very low or very high connectivity become the exception. The results demonstrate that the heuristic reaches its goal, promoting the distribution of percentage times of contact of vehicles with the infrastructure according to the Gaussian distribution.
Estudo de caso: Impacto das fragilidades da comunicação 802.11 em competições de robótica
Authors: Resende Júlio César  Mendes , Santos Andre  Felipe , Gomides Thiago  S. , Lourenço Massilon , Schiavoni Flávio  Luiz , Laia Marcos  A. M.
Published: October 2019

As competições de robôs têm servido de cenário para o estudo de diversas áreas da ciência da computação. Nestas competições, a busca por um controle em tempo real pode trazer um efeito colateral que é a pouca preocupação com a segurança e o desempenho da comunicação em redes. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma falha de comunicação identificada em um torneio apontando as possíveis causas do problema. Este cenário de vulnerabilidade pode ser ampliado para permitir uma discussão mais ampla envolvendo comunicação de sistemas embarcados pelo protocolo 802.11.
Artificial substrata increase pond farming density of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by increasing the bacteria that participate in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in pond water
Authors: Li Zhifei , Wang Guangjun , Yu Ermeng , Zhang Kai , Yu Deguang , Gong Wangbao , Xie Jun
Published: October 2019

Aquaculture has become a primary method to produce various aquatic products, and intensive aquaculture technologies have become commercially important. To improve the efficiency of intensive aquaculture per unit area without reducing the growth rate of cultured fish, the present study explored the potential of artificial substrata in ponds. Our results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) in the ponds with different stocking densities of grass carp were lower than those in the control group in most cases. Further, the feed conversion rate of grass carp was significantly reduced by introducing these artificial substrata, and the culture density could be significantly increased without reducing the growth rates of these fish. Artificial substrata also significantly enriched specific bacteria and changed the structure of the microbiota in pond water. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased, and bacteria closely related to N and P cycles, such asHyphomicrobium,Chitinimonas,Legionella,Shewanella,Roseiflexus, andPlanktothrixwere significantly enhanced. These results showed that the artificial substratum could increase TN and TP removal in aquaculture pond water by enriching N and P cycle-related bacteria, thus significantly increasing the specific growth rate of grass carp and significantly reducing their feed conversion rate. Finally, the stocking density of grass carp and the yield per unit area of pond could be increased without reducing the growth rate.