bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRINCIPLES FOR THE FORMATION OF METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Zhakyshova B. Sh. , Abdykerimova K. Sh. ,   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Turdubaeva G. T. ,   Osh State University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the problems of developing the methodological competence of a chemistry teacher in a dynamically developing education system. The components of the subject competence of a chemistry teacher, the directions of their development, the structure and content of the directions of development of professional competence are analyzed: course training in the system of additional professional pedagogical education, self-educational activities. The issues of self-education and the formation of motivational and value components of the professional activity of a chemistry teacher are considered. In addition, the article examines the development of a chemistry teacher’s subject competence throughout his entire professional career, based on the unity of four components - self-forecasting, self-education, self-education and achievement motivation as the driving force of professional self-improvement. One of the key directions in the process of developing a teacher’s professional competence is self-education - systematic, purposeful independent cognitive activity to master psychological, pedagogical, subject and methodological knowledge. Self-education is determined by the personal, social and professional needs of the teacher, the desire to maximize one’s creative potential, the presence of achievement motivation and a value-based attitude towards one’s own professional activities.
PROMOVENDO ACESSO EQUITATIVO À EDUCAÇÃO PARA COMUNIDADES MARGINALIZADAS E GRUPOS VULNERÁVEIS
Authors: Guimaraes Junior José Carlos , Costa Hilke Carlayle de Medeiros , Souza Silvia Antonia de , Gurgel Marcos Roberto Fernandes , Vieira Fernando Bueno , Seixas Roberta , Favaro Denise Maria Margonari , Diogo Mayara Athanázio
Published: October 2024

Equitable access to education is a global challenge that affects many marginalized communities and vulnerable groups, who often face significant barriers. This article explores the main obstacles encountered by these communities, such as economic barriers, structural inequalities, discrimination, and geographic limitations. Economic barriers include the lack of financial resources to cover educational costs, while structural inequalities reflect disparities in access to quality infrastructure and services. Discrimination can manifest in various forms, such as racial, ethnic, or gender bias, and geographic access issues refer to physical distance and inadequate infrastructure in remote areas. To promote truly equitable access, it is crucial to adopt strategies such as implementing inclusive educational policies, offering scholarship programs, and developing diversity-sensitive education. Additionally, community interventions and the use of educational technologies can play vital roles in overcoming these barriers. These strategies aim to ensure that all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic background, ethnicity, or location, could access quality education. By addressing these challenges collaboratively and implementing effective measures, we can move towards a more just and inclusive society, where education is genuinely accessible to everyone.
DIAGNÓSTICO E INTERVENÇÃO PSICOPEDAGÓGICA NAS DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM DOS ALUNOS
Authors: Pereira Flávia da Silva , Tutaya Francisca Jacilene Souza , Kellner Ivanilda de Assis , Tezori Jorcelei Inês , Lima Nathieli Gonçalves , Vargas Neuza Maria de , Oliveira Nirlene Sousa de , Moura Raquel Costa Dos Reis , Santos Rosângela Rodrigues dos , Tezori Veridiane Cristina
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as diferentes fundamentações teóricas que influenciaram a psicopedagogia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico que revela que o psicopedagogo pode desenvolver com o seu trabalho a capacidade do aluno de tornar-se mais consciente e ativo no seu próprio processo de aprendizagem. O referido estudo busca apresentar conceito do profissional psicopedagogo e seu campo de atuação, sendo o mesmo cada vez mais frequente nos espaços escolares pelos diversos benefícios que proporcionam para o meio. A Psicopedagogia surge procurando perceber e compreender os enigmas de aprendizagem, quais os problemas que estão impedindo que a aprendizagem atinja todos, tais dificuldades que estão cada vez mais atuais nas escolas, aonde, muitas vezes não se cabe a desempenhos impróprios das crianças, no entanto sim, a dificuldades e desordens que acabam interferindo no desenvolvimento escolar. Assim, o estudo delimita-se em destacar o papel fundamental das escolas em desenvolver metodologias lúdicas, dinâmicas e interdisciplinares foco na atuação do profissional em oferecer subsídios a educação dos alunos e contribuir nas dificuldades de aprendizagem. O trabalho contém pesquisas em materiais diversos como livros científicos, revistas, análise de dados em artigos e periódicos, foram utilizadas a crítica de diversos autores sobre o assunto, como Cordeiro (2009), Escott (2004), García (2010), Scoz (1992), Osti (2012), os quais individualmente trazem suas considerações acerca da temática embasada, com informações significativas sobre a importância da psicopedagogia para lidar com as diversas dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PSICOPEDAGOGIA NAS DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Pereira Flávia da Silva , Tutaya Francisca Jacilene Souza , Kellner Ivanilda de Assis , Tezori Jorcelei Inês , Lima Nathieli Gonçalves , Vargas Neuza Maria de , Oliveira Nirlene Sousa de , Moura Raquel Costa Dos Reis , Santos Rosângela Rodrigues dos , Tezori Veridiane Cristina
Published: October 2024

O estudo aborda as diferentes causas das dificuldades de aprendizagem, considerando fatores neurológicos, ambientais e psicológicos. Causas neurológicas, como encefalite, meningite, desnutrição, alterações no desenvolvimento cerebral, desequilíbrios químicos e lesões cerebrais, podem afetar a capacidade de aprendizagem dos alunos. No âmbito ambiental, a falta de estímulos adequados, a qualidade dos materiais e metodologias de ensino influenciam diretamente no processo de aprendizagem. Por sua vez, as causas psicológicas, como problemas emocionais, baixa autoestima e ansiedade, também desempenham um papel significativo nas dificuldades de aprendizagem enfrentadas pelos estudantes. A compreensão desses diversos fatores ressalta a complexidade das dificuldades de aprendizagem e a importância de uma abordagem integrada e multidisciplinar para identificar, compreender e intervir de forma eficaz nesses desafios educacionais.
EL PAPEL ACTUAL DE LA ESPECTROMETRÍA DE FLUORESCENCIA DE RAYOS X COMO TÉCNICA ANALÍTICA EN EL ÁMBITO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Marguí Grabulosa Eva , Queralt Mitjans Ignasi
Published: October 2024

En los últimos años, el progreso conceptual de la química analítica verde ha avanzado paralelamente con esfuerzos para incorporar nuevas herramientas analíticas de bajo coste para la detección o cuantificación de analitos o parámetros químicos de interés. En este sentido, el papel de técnicas de estado sólido como la espectrometría de fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF), que permiten el análisis no invasivo de muestras sólidas, no puede ser ignorado. En este artículo se describen los principios básicos, la instrumentación y las principales aplicaciones de la XRF en estudios ambientales en los últimos quince años. Obviamente, y debido a la enorme cantidad de trabajos que pueden encontrarse en la literatura, no es posible cubrir exhaustivamente toda la literatura publicada, pero se pretende presentar los avances significativos que se han llevado a cabo en las últimas décadas para destacar el potencial de la técnica en este campo.
PERFIL DE COMPUESTOS ORGÁNICOS VOLÁTILES EN AVISPONES Y NIDOS PARA LA DIFERENCIACIÓN DE COLONIAS DE Vespa velutina
Authors: de la Hera Omaira , Alonso Rosa M.
Published: October 2024

Los insectos eusociales presentan el comportamiento social más avanzado, un grupo que incluye algunas especies de abejas, termitas, avispas, hormigas y avispones. Generalmente, estos insectos conviven en una sola colonia compuesta de cientos a miles de individuos, organizadas en castas con diferentes funciones asignadas. Dentro de este grupo se encuentra la especie invasora Vespa velutina. El correcto funcionamiento de la colonia requiere la comunicación entre los individuos. Para ello, el método más empleado son las señales químicas (o feromonas), que son secretadas por los insectos y depositadas en los nidos, lo que posibilitaría la caracterización de las colonias. Para demostrar esta hipótesis, en este trabajo se obtuvieron los perfiles de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COVs) de los avispones y de los nidos de 4 colonias de Bizkaia mediante GC-MS. Los perfiles obtenidos fueron tratados mediante herramientas quimiométricas con el objetivo de identificar los agrupamientos existentes entre las diferentes colonias de Vespa velutina.
ESTUDIANDO LA SENESCENCIA CELULAR EN CÁNCER COLORRECTAL CON INMUNOSENSADO ELECTROQUÍMICO MODERNO
Authors: Pedrero María , Tejerina-Miranda Sandra , Gamella María , Montero-Calle Ana , Pingarrón José M. , Barderas Rodrigo , Campuzano Susana
Published: October 2024

Con la edad, en un número creciente de células del organismo se producen daños en el DNA que derivan en senescencia celular [1]. Las células senescentes se acumulan en los tejidos creando microambientes protumorales y aumentando la expresión de diversos biomarcadores, entre los que cabe destacar el factor de diferenciación de crecimiento 15 (GDF-15) y el inhibidor tisular de la metaloproteinasa 1 (TIMP-1), ambos implicados en procesos de senescencia celular y metástasis en cáncer colorrectal (CRC) [2-4]. Con el propósito de profundizar en el papel de dichos biomarcadores en estos procesos, recientemente se han desarrollado inmunoplataformas electroquímicas aplicadas con éxito al análisis de extractos y secretomas de células de CRC con diferente capacidad metastásica y de plasma y tejido de pacientes con CRC en distintos estadios. Los resultados obtenidos han puesto en valor el papel que juegan estos dos biomarcadores en el entendimiento y tratamiento de estos trastornos.
Securing the IoT Edge Devices Using Advanced Digital Technologies
Authors: Sheikh Abdul Manan , Islam Md Rafiqul , Habaebi Mohamed Hadi , Kabbani Adnan , Zabidi Suriza Ahmad , Najeeb Athaur Rahman bin
Published: October 2024

As the IoT ecosystem continues to grow, edge computing is becoming essential for handling and analyzing the vast amount of data generated by connected devices. Unlike traditional centralized data models, where information is sent to remote centers for processing, edge computing processes data closer to where it is generated. This decentralized approach helps reduce latency, optimizes bandwidth usage, and improves both privacy and security. However, the rise in IoT devices and the spread of edge computing also increase the potential for cyberattacks, demanding more robust security measures. With AI and machine learning being utilized to analyze IoT data, edge computing facilitates this analysis directly at the data source, pointing to a future where AI and ML applications are more prevalent on edge devices.
Saudi Arabia and Iran: The Tale of Two Media Covering Conflict in Yemen
Authors: Hagood Anne
Published: September 2024

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have a long history of difficult relations with Tehran and are increasingly concerned about Iran’s expanding regional influence. The most prominent of those countries is Saudi Arabia, the leading regional Sunni power, an economic and political rival of Shia Iran and, as the birthplace of Islam, a country with a claim to worldwide Muslim leadership. As the conflict raged between the Shi'ites and Sunnis in Iraq over the past few years, relations have unraveled between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Iranian-Saudi relations help define broader Arab-Iranian ties and are pivotal to the security of the Gulf region. Throughout the numerous regional crises that have occurred in the region over the past decades, these two powers have used the media as a platform to win the hearts and minds of the Arab populations, to reshape their discourse and legitimize their actions. Both Iran and Saudi Arabia use the media to portray their own distorted reality through the prism of their own agendas; and to compete with each other, they exaggerate this distortion. The media have also been instrumental in stirring up fitna (discord) between Sunnis and Shi'ites, which has been exacerbated by the last war in Iraq, by the sectarian divisions in Lebanon, and by the desire of Saudi Arabia and Western allies to counter Iran’s expanding influence in the Middle East and what certain commentators and politicians have called the “Shia crescent.” Both countries use the media to propagate their message, exert influence in Middle Eastern politics, and develop power relations by using the media's ability to shape their relationships with other nations and with ethno-sectarian populations. Through these channels they also construct their own political discourse and indirectly communicate with one another. Iran and Saudi Arabia are now key players in the Arabic-language media market, transforming it into an arena for confrontation and quests for popularity. Every conflict or crisis in the region becomes an opportunity for them to exert their influence and the media provides them with the ability to legitimize their actions while trying to win the hearts and minds of the Arab world through their own propaganda.
Crunching the Numbers, Breaking the News
Authors: Shahine Alaa
Published: September 2024

New Arab media have brought the world some dramatic images: one videoclip, for example, shows an Egyptian man, naked from the waist down, being sodomized with a stick by a police officer while other officers watch, another shows an Iranian woman shot dead in an anti-government protest in Tehran, and Al Jazeera television broadcasts audio tapes of a man purported to be Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. Images such as these have dominated discussions and studies about the media scene in the Middle East over the last decade. Debates have focused mainly on the role of the Internet and satellite television stations, especially Al Jazeera in Qatar, in breaking down government controls over news. The discussions, however, have so far largely overlooked another area that has seen remarkable progress in the region during roughly the same period, namely financial journalism. The explanation for the apparent neglect is easy to find: in a region largely dominated by absolute monarchies and autocratic governments, factors that give citizens greater access to information and stimulate the demand for political freedoms are always interesting to watch and analyze. In the case of Iran, for example, citizen journalists (ordinary people using their mobile phone cameras and sending reports through Twitter and social networking Web sites such as Facebook) became a major source of news when Tehran banned reporters from going out on the streets. Another reason is that such stories appeal to a wide audience in the West and in the region and are therefore more likely to stir debate. Financial news, on the other hand, is highly technical and appeals to fewer people. Even reporters find it difficult to write about complex matters such as bank bailouts and derivatives.
Is the Global Financial Crisis Aggravating Anti-Americanism in the MENA Region? What Arab Media Coverage Suggestsd
Authors: Turecek Diana
Published: September 2024

The global financial crisis has been a much discussed topic in Arab media in the past couple of years and in many blogs and discussion forums, in particular, it has been a magnet for criticism of US foreign policy. Coverage of the crisis in “traditional” outlets such as Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya, and many domestic newspapers is often factual and focused on economic issues, but many commentators in blogs and discussion forums link the crisis to, among other things, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and to a perceived immorality with which the United States deals with the downtrodden and poor. Most of the arguments reinforce existing negative arguments about the United States and its role internationally and in the Middle East. Some say the global financial crisis represents the first concrete sign of the inevitable downfall of the United States, which the likes of Osama Bin Laden have been talking about for years. Although it is not clear the extent to which criticisms of the United States over the global financial crisis in blogs, discussion forums, and to a lesser extent Arab media reflect or impact broader public opinion, the criticisms highlight the extent to which some in the region view even seemingly apolitical economic issues within the context of US foreign policy. They suggest a strong mistrust of US intentions and a continued decrease in respect for US power and influence. Many commentators say the financial crisis is further evidence that the United States has lost or is losing its ability to wage future wars, drive global economic growth and development, or promote its overall foreign policy goals. In response, the Arab world needs to identify ways to reduce or eliminate dependence on the United States and increase regional cooperation, many of them say.
Picture perfect: How the story of Dubai’s other side can never be told
Authors: El-Baltaji Dana
Published: October 2024

I hesitate to call myself a journalist. Technically, I am one, but I haven’t broken ‘news’ since the day I took up my position on Time Out in Dubai. Still, I take comfort in knowing that most journalists in the emirate are equally frustrated working in a media industry that ‘makes nice, not news’. On a recent visit to Dubai, a freelance journalist whom I met in Beirut a year earlier asked, ‘where’s the scoop?’ If you flip through Dubai’s newspapers and magazines, you won’t find it there. Instead, you’ll read about what the rulers ate and whom they greeted, and what record-breaking new venture the emirate has just embarked on. It’s a well-known fact that Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and emirates like to keep their news to themselves, leaving their dirty laundry to dry in their private gardens rather than the public sphere. And while other emirates and GCC states can get away with censoring the media, Dubai, by virtue of planting itself firmly in the world’s limelight and differentiating itself as a cosmopolitan haven in midst of its traditional neighbors, consequently lends itself to criticism. Unlike its Emirati brothers and GCC neighbors, Dubai has emphasized and capitalized on its modernity, no matter how contrived it may be. This is why when a journalist is punished for breaking a political story or insinuating the emirate condones the consumption of alcohol within the legal confines of a licensed hotel, the media is taken aback.
(Amplified) Voices for the Voiceless
Authors: Faris David
Published: September 2024

There are, generally, five kinds of newspapers in Egypt: the government-owned dailies, the opposition dailies, the party newspapers, the regional papers, and newspapers published from abroad. Public discourse is still dominated by government-owned or controlled media, such as the newspaper giant Al-Ahram and the state television. Independent newspapers such as Al-Masry Al-Youm and Al-Dustur have changed this equation, but the circulation figures still favor the government-owned and aligned media outlets. Egypt’s press environment can best be described as somewhat free. Rugh recently classified Egypt’s press environment as “transitional,” by which he means “these systems were quite complex, containing strong elements of government control and influence, alongside elements of freedom and diversity.” Rugh argues that while journalists have much more freedom than in the past in such countries (he includes Tunisia, Jordan and Algeria in the category) the government still retains certain privileges, and that there are “red lines” that journalists dare not cross. In a practical sense, this means there appears to be a lively press environment, with copious criticisms of regime practices and policies – even in the government-owned papers – but with a great deal of self-censorship occurring still. In Egypt, the process of obtaining a license to publish a newspaper is a daunting obstacle to any entity or individual who wishes to pursue one. Black details the ordeal that awaited the would-be publishers of El-Badeel in 2007, who had to wait months upon months for their license.
Alternate Viewpoints: Counter-hegemony in the Transnational Age
Authors: Thai Evelyn
Published: September 2024

Since its inception, Al Jazeera and the space the network occupies in the alternative media order have been heavily contested. The network’s editorial and journalistic decisions position Al Jazeera as an alternative news source and some see the station as a powerful force against global hegemonies. In “Hegemonic No More: Western Media, the Rise of Al-Jazeera, and the Influence of Diverse Voice,” Philip Seib argues that Al Jazeera’s success signals “an end to the near monopoly in global news that American and other Western media had long enjoyed”. (Seib 2005) Others heavily contest the alternative media designation citing the network’s structure, organization, and funding; Adel Iskandar argues that much of the alterity that characterizes Al Jazeera is manufactured and “resembles the marketing strategy for a corporate brand”. (Iskandar 2006) Situating Al Jazeera within the alternative media order has been difficult in part because “the nature and definitions of alternative media have often been contested terrain” (ibid.). Although fluid, most definitions of alternative media focus on the challenge alternative sources pose to existing narratives and journalistic practices. These definitions of alterity stipulate that the media should have some if not all of the following characteristics: connections with social movements, facilitating social communication and change, the ability to instigate activism, challenge to the structures of power, wide participation in the creation of content, positioning outside mainstream media, an emphasis on the social construction of facts, privileging diverse voices, and participation-based organizational values, structure and funding. (See Atton 2003, Downing, and Iskandar) Judged against some of these criteria – particularly that of permitting grassroots participation and association with social movements – Al Jazeera could not be called alternative.
British Middle East representative, Jon Wilks: Fluent Arabic spokesmen can “promote a freer media in the Arab World”
Authors: Weyman George
Published: October 2024

Recently posted at the British embassy in Dubai, Jon Wilks is no newcomer to the Middle East. Having served across the region over a number of years, the fluent Arabic speaker has been brought in to explain British government policy to the Arab World. Speaking to Arab Media & Society Managing Editor George Weyman, Wilks talks about his role, revealing his mixed views on Arab-channel interviews and how he avoids discussing conspiracy theories. Listen here. Weyman: Tell me a little bit about your role—why have you been posted to the Gulf? Wilks: Sure, about 6 years ago we decided there was a benefit for the British government to have spokesmen in Arabic. And we’ve had Arabic spokesmen based in London now for about 6 years. But in recent years with the building of the media city in Dubai, a lot of the big headquarters and the journalists have actually moved to Dubai—the center of gravity now is there. And London which had been one of the major centers for Arabic media is less so now. So we decided we needed Arabic spokesmen both in the region based in Dubai and in London, so that’s what we’ve got now. Weyman: So you can respond to events quickly and get to the story when it happens. Wilks: That’s right, quick response. It’s also the fact that one can do more because one of the new developments in the Arab media are the big chat shows and debate shows on channels like Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya, and we need to have somebody who’s actually there who can get in the studios and can take part. For instance, Aktar min Rai on Al Jazeera is based in London so we can do that with our London based spokesman, a lot of the other shows we need people in Dubai or Doha or other places in the region.
Syrian Dabke Meets Western Media
Authors: Caldwell Leah
Published: September 2024

In front of a packed audience at Johnny Brenda's bar in Philadelphia on a late November night, Mark Gergis of the Sublime Frequencies record label took the stage to introduce Syrian musician Omar Souleyman: “From Northeastern Syria, from the Hassekeh region, from Jazira, and the village of Ras al-Ayn, please welcome Omar Souleyman.” Souleyman and his keyboard-synth player Rizan Sa’id received a rowdy welcome from the crowd who remained enthusiastic throughout – upon any sign of stillness in the audience Souleyman would wave his hands, prompting fervent dancing and cheering. This two-man show, a mix of Souleyman’s vocals and Sa’id's skillful electronic maneuvering, stood in for a performance that is normally accompanied by more than five musicians. Instead, Sa’id simulated many of the instruments on his keyboard producing the so-called “Arab new wave” sound described by some Western reviewers. Yet a few years ago, before Souleyman’s gradual emergence on the indie music scene and before Bjork would recommend his album on NPR and before Damon Albarn of the Gorillaz would express interest in collaboration, his dabke sound existed in an entirely different context that was (and still is) far removed from your average Western music listener.
The Arab Spring and the discourse of desperation
Authors: Lahlali El Mustapha
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the themes and structures of the last three speeches by President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt and President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia before they were forced out of office. The paper compares and contrasts the substance and structure of the speeches and the strategies used to address the public unrest that swept the streets of Tunisian and Egyptian cities in December 2010, and January and February 2011. The paper puts these themes in their social and cultural contexts, with a focus on the lexicon used, to see if there is any shift in terms of language use. The paper concludes that, as the pressure on them mounted, the presidents used different strategies and language in each speech to address the level of unrest. The paper also concludes that both former presidents adopted the same discourse patterns and strategies in dealing with the unrest. However, there is a difference in their speeches in the use of dialect as a medium of communication with the public.
America’s Voice as it could have been
Authors: Whitworth Myrna
Published: October 2024

Since the first broadcasts of Radio Sawa in 2002 and Alhurra Television in 2004, much has been written to either justify or question their existence and their role in the mission of US international broadcasting. If one believes the literature of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, which oversees all US international broadcasting, the Middle East networks, with their bland programming and popular Arabic and Western music, have been an unqualified success and the major US public diplomacy accomplishment since 9/11. But Middle East pollsters and regional experts both in the United States and the Middle East question this assessment. In fact, surveys from the region suggest that regard for the United States is at an all time low; even Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Ladin are held in higher regard than President George Bush. A survey conducted by Mohammed el-Nawawy and published in the August 2006 edition of Global Media and Communication found that Arab students’ perceptions of United States foreign policy declined after listening to broadcasts from Radio Sawa and Alhurra Television. And it is not only foreign policy, other recent polls, including the 2006 Zogby International survey on Arabic attitudes toward the United States, suggest that there is even concern American popular culture is threatening to overwhelm traditional values and ways of life. Obviously something is not going right. Granted, we cannot lay all the blame on Radio Sawa and Alhurra Television. The main culprits are the Bush Administration’s ill conceived war in Iraq and its official outreach which many have called “arrogant, aggressive and bullying.” However, the inability of Sawa and Alhurra to speak with critical populations in the Middle East and their emphasis on the most trivial of American pop culture have marginalized the United States and prevented a reasoned and substantive conversation between the United States and the Arab world. The United States is capable of doing better.
The Coming Contenders
Authors: Cochrane Paul
Published: September 2024

There are 487 free-to-air (FTA) Arabic satellite TV channels broadcasting on Arabsat, Nilesat and Noorsat, in addition to the dozens of ailing terrestrial channels. The region's media landscape has become saturated, as indicated by the drop in the number of new channels going on air, from 104 between August 2007 and March 2009 to just thirteen during the financial year to April 2010. When it comes to pan-Arab satellite news channels, there has been no major entrant into the broadcasting arena since the Saudi-backed Al Arabiya, part of the MBC Group, went on air in 2003 in response to the Qatari-owned heavyweight, Al Jazeera. There have certainly been attempts to contend with the two big players, yet the numerous Arabic-language news channels launched by governments in recent years to win hearts and minds, such as by Britain (BBC Arabic), Russia (Russiya Al Yaum), Iran (Al Alam), China (CCTV) and the United States (Al Hurra), have not drawn the same audience figures. The Arab world's news duopoly is set for a shake-up, and it is to come from two ventures that are connected to one of the world's biggest media organizations, Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. The common thread is Saudi Arabia's Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal, head of Kingdom Holdings Company (KHC), which owns the entertainment group Rotana.
Commentary – censorship and the Arab Media Forum in Bahrain
Authors: Buali Sheyma
Published: September 2024

The fifth annual Arab Media Forum took place in Bahrain in December and the three main themes under discussion were: how the Arab media are dealing with global changes, how Arab media are managing in the financial crisis, and where the Arab world should go from here. Amidst all that there were protocol events, networking and, for some, frustration over some of the year-to-year repetitiveness. To me, there was also an issue which in some ways stayed in the background: censorship. Beyond the political considerations, there is a cultural dimension to censorship too. Politically a free press and free expression should be pillars of any society, even more so among those working towards developing ‘democracy’, but more broadly, when people are not allowed to speak for themselves, others will speak for them. This, as we have seen throughout time, whether in cases as simple as the caricatured portrayal of Arabs in popular and specialized media or as dramatic as foreign intercepted processes that result in social and political changes in the region, can be very dangerous. On the censorship front the Arab world has been quite active in the past year. The 2009 censorship index compiled by Reporters Without Borders was filled with the names of Arab countries. Whether for politically sensitive journalism, politicized blogging or other alleged infractions, websites, newspapers, and journalists have been blocked, shut down and fined. So when the Arab Media Forum does not include censorship on the agenda, along with the three main topics, skepticism arises. In the debate on finances, there seemed to be a consensus that funding in general was not a problem. With more than 500 satellite channels on air in the Arab world today, it seems on the contrary that TV channels are seen as lucrative businesses, thus indicating that the problem is actually the lack of agenda. Many of the channels have little communicative value (a common formula is to broadcast music videos with SMS messages from viewers ticking across the bottom of the screen, at minimal production costs). But if the theoretical basis or mission of media is, among other things, to communicate information, promote public policy, and generally create a space for a public sphere, it is hard to determine what many Arab media are working to achieve. With the possibility of censorship hanging over the heads of producers and editors, the limitations are tighter. This leads to a lack of integrity that should otherwise come with the profession.
Book review – Shereen El Feki on two books by Marwan Kraidy
Authors: El Feki Shereen
Published: September 2024

Arab Television Industries. By Marwan Kraidy and Joe F. Khalil. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Reality Television and Arab Politics: contention in public life. By Marwan M. Kraidy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. In the Arab region, there are “470 channels peddling fortune-tellers, alternative medicines, Jihadi ideas, titillating bodies, stock-market schemes, and more mainstream news and entertainment”.1 Yet as Marwan Kraidy and Joe Khalil, US-based academics, point out, English-language coverage of Arab TV is largely fixated on just the one: Al Jazeera. Their book, Arab Television Industries, aims to both broaden and deepen this view by examining the wide range of broadcasts now available to more than 260 million Arab viewers with the means to turn on and tune in.2 The landscape of Arab TV has changed dramatically since the first transmitter flickered to life in Iraq in 1959. The early mission of building nations and strengthening regimes through terrestrial broadcasting has given way to more commercial concerns with the advent of satellite broadcasting in the 1990s, and big budget advertising: more than $2 billion in 2006 according to one estimate.3 Kraidy and Khalil chart the history of Arab TV before offering a detailed map of the current terrain and its notable landmarks: MBC Group, Saudi Arabia’s broadcasting giant; LBC Holding, Lebanese programming backed by Saudi money; and Dubai Media Incorporated, the new kid on the block. It follows the travails of one-time industry leader, Egypt, and the rising star of TV drama, Syria. While the big names of Arab entertainment television receive thorough coverage, smaller players also get a look-in, and the book does a good job at exploring the development of niche broadcasters focusing on women and religion, as well as the seemingly inescapable music video channels.
BOOK REVIEW | Arab Media in the Information Age
Authors: Haugbolle Sune
Published: October 2024

Arab Media in the Information Age is a mammoth collection comprising 32 papers presented by a medley of Arab journalists and media specialists at an international conference in Abu Dhabi in January, 2005. A handful of articles written by Western scholars apart, the volume reads as an array of Arab perspectives on changes and challenges in Arab media since the emergence of private media and new technology in the mid-1990s. While the book is short on original research and brings little new to scholarship, it will serve as a useful introduction to important debates about Arab media in relation to education, culture, social change, freedom of speech, U.S. policies in the region, and war reporting. The volume is motivated by a need to understand changes in Arab media in the last decade and the challenges facing them. Most authors address these challenges on the assumption that despite the profusion of private media, multiple factors still restrict the development of Arab media into a fourth estate and an agent of positive social change. In that respect, the book reflects a widespread scepticism among Arab intellectuals that can serve as a healthy antidote to over-optimistic assessments of what the new Arab public sphere can achieve.
New Media and Social Change in Rural Egypt
Authors: Khamis Sahar
Published: September 2024

This ethnographic audience study investigates the complex intersections between the dynamics of social change in the village of Kafr Masoud, close to the city of Tanta in the Egyptian Delta, and the transformations in the media arena in the same village, with the intent of assessing the numerous implications of these intersecting transformations on Egyptian rural women’s lived realities, including their familial and social relations, and, most importantly, their media reception and consumption experiences. In doing so, the study explores the complex paradoxes that these transformations have introduced in these women’s lives and the new challenges they have created on multiple levels, including: challenges to governmental ideologies, traditional religious authority, male domination, and parental control. In analyzing the dynamics of the shifting social landscape and the shifting media landscape in the village of Kafr Masoud and their multiple implications for women’s complex media consumption experiences, the study takes into consideration these women’s construction of their own gendered identities, as an active media audience, based on a wide array of variables, including age, marital status, education, socio-economic level, and employment.
BOOK REVIEW | American Encounters with Arabs: The “Soft Power” of U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Middle East
Authors: Ward Will
Published: October 2024

In his most recent book on public diplomacy in the Arab world, William Rugh draws on his more than three decades of service with the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) to explain the successes and failures of America’s effort and recommend policies to remedy the shortcoming that emerged following the Sept. 11 attacks. The attacks and the subsequent “war on terror” forced a reassessment in U.S. diplomatic circles of how the Arab world perceives America and what can be done to improve its rapidly deteriorating image, and American Encounters with Arabs is a solid first step. The subtitle, The "Soft Power" of U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Middle East, sums up his argument about the power of perception and the need to devote resources to cultivate effective public diplomacy. Drawing on oral histories of U.S. Public Affairs Officers (PAOs) attached to embassies in Arab countries, the book discusses how public diplomacy extends far beyond traditional PR-style activities such as broadcasting and interfacing with the media to include personal contacts, student exchanges and cultural activities as an integral part of its strategy. PAOs are America’s front-line practitioners of “public diplomacy,” a term popularized by the USIA (whose functions were taken over by the State Department in 1999) to refer to contacts between government and foreign audiences meant to advance American interests. Working chronologically, chapter by chapter, through administrations from Harry S. Truman to George W. Bush, Rugh describes the arguments PAOs have deployed to explain U.S. policies and encourage goodwill towards American society. Drawing on oral history interviews and his personal experience, Rugh describes the relationships built between PAOs and hostile local journalists that eventually succeeded in moderating anti-American coverage. But the overall picture he paints of American public diplomacy through the decades is one of initial Arab goodwill that was slowly eroded by America’s tilt towards Israel until finally being obliterated by George W. Bush’s declaration of a “global war on terror” and invasion of Iraq.
Can Al Jazeera English Leverage its ‘Egypt Moment’ into an American Audience?
Authors: Youmans William , Brown Katie
Published: September 2024

Al Jazeera English (AJE)1 entered the competitive global news field in late 2006, claiming to give a “voice to the voiceless” as the “world's first English language news channel to have its headquarters in the Middle East.” AJE nonetheless did not position itself as an Arab network merely broadcasting in English – a natural assumption given the prominence of its older, Arabic language sister channel. Rather, AJE declared and maintains a “global” identity, contending in its public materials that it covers regions under-reported by western media giants CNN International (CNNI) and the BBC (Painter, 2008). Despite filling a gap in the global market for televised international news, AJE did not receive a welcome reception in the United States. This position as media outlet non grata persisted until the early 2011 uprisings in the Arab world, when AJE’s coverage was acclaimed even by Western media giants (Kristof 2011; Ferguson, 2011). With its coverage of Egypt in particular, AJE distinguished itself from competitors to become a central source of information for American observers, media, and interested members of the public. This study considers how Americans received and evaluated AJE in the weeks after the Egyptian protesters deposed the long-time ruler, Hosni Mubarak. As of early 2011, AJE reached upwards of 250 million households in more than one hundred countries. This reach continues to expand; in December 2010, AJE received a downlinking license for carriage in India, the largest English-language TV market in the world. Yet AJE has struggled to gain access to television audiences in the United States.
Ampliando el conocimiento del género Brachyopa Meigen, 1822 (Diptera, Syrphidae) en la Península Ibérica: nuevos hallazgos de la región oriental
Authors: Ricarte Antonio , Ayala Pau
Published: October 2024

Increasing knowledge of the genus Brachyopa Meigen, 1822 (Diptera, Syrphidae) in the Iberian Peninsula: new findings from the eastern region
Nuevas citas sobre la presencia de hormiga exótica Brachymyrmex patagonicus Mayr, 1868 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) en España
Authors: Pradera Carlos , Espadaler Xavier
Published: October 2024

New records of the presence of the exotic ant Brachymyrmex patagonicus Mayr, 1868 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Spain
Distribución de Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) en España: nuevos datos de las provincias de Albacete, Ciudad Real, Teruel y Valencia
Authors: Rodrigo-Gómez Sara , Atochero J. Manuel , Falcó-Garí J. Vicente
Published: October 2024

Distribution of Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Spain: new data from the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Teruel and Valencia
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЗАДАЧ ФАКТОРИЗАЦИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЭЛЛИПТИЧЕСКИХ КРИВЫХ
Authors: У.К. ТУРУСБЕКОВА  , Г.Т. АЗИЕВА
Published: October 2024

Задача факторизации характерна для широкого спектра математических задач. Решение многих математических задач связано с тем, что результат разложения чисел известен заранее. Данная работа посвящена исследованию задач факторизации с применением эллиптических кривых. Возможность использования таких структур, как эллиптические кривые, с целью факторизации придала новый импульс поиску решения этой проблемы. В статье рассмотрены основные проблемы метода эллиптических кривых, который основан на построении псевдокривой, и возможные пути его оптимизации. Исследованы соотношения между числом сгенерированных кривых и необходимой границей базового метода эллиптических кривых. Исследование данной проблемы выполнено с помощью программной реализации метода, на основе описанного алгоритма для чисел, делители которых не превышают пяти десятичных знаков. Результаты этого исследования представлены для различных случаев начального предела. Полученные результаты указывают на зависимость затрачиваемого времени, конечной границы при процессе факторизации и количества кривых, используемых во время факторизации, от количества кривых после которого увеличивается граница метода эллиптических кривых. В результате анализа этого метода, проведено исследование количества случаев получения делителей составного числа, с помощью дискриминанта кривой
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ОТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СУХОГО УПЛОТНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ
Authors: А.К. КАУКАРОВ  , Г.Б. БАКЫТ  , В.В. ГРАЧЕВ  , М.Т. ТУРЕХАНОВ
Published: October 2024

В данной статье приводится краткая информация о новой конструкции сухого  уплотнения поршня в цилиндре и результаты экспериментального исследования этой конструкции. Получено, что ресурс составляет  более 3 тысячи часов. По сути, примерно такой же ресурс имеет стандартное уплотнение. Но в работе стандартного уплотнения и разработанного сухого уплотнения имеются различия. Сухое уплотнение на протяжении всего ресурса обеспечивает  плотность и  изменения технико-экономических показателей двигателя по причине работы уплотнения поршня не должно происходить. Следует отметить, что в настоящей работе выполнен первый этап освоения конструкции сухого уплотнения. Далее рассчитывается экономический эффект от применения сухого уплотнения. Сначала определены годовые  эксплуатационные  расходы по статьям, связанным с цилиндро-поршневой группой двигателя. Полная годовая экономия составит 74 518 тенге в год.  С учетом оплат услуг на СТО годовая экономия может составить 100 – 150 тысяч тенге в год. Рассмотрение технических результатов и экономического эффекта применения сухого уплотнения поршня в цилиндре показывает, что по этим показателям  разработанная конструкция уплотнения имеет большие перспективы.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND MEDICAL GARDENS OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: S.A.QODIROVA  , L. SH. RAKHIMOV  , SH.U.AXMEDOV
Published: October 2024

Данная статья посвящена исследованиям и предложениям по развитию ландшафтной архитектуры, которая является одной из важных проблем, стоящих сегодня перед мировым сообществом, которая в значительной степени способствует снижению ущерба окружающей среде, экологичности и здоровью людей, на примере территории медицинских учреждений. будут рассмотрены ландшафтная архитектура и лечебные сады медицинских учреждений, их место и значение, а также использование садов с цветами, фруктовыми и декоративными деревьями на территории больницы, с водой, камнями и природными элементами. В дополнение к внутренней структуре здания, окружающая среда здания должна быть идеально спроектирована, то есть главная цель - сделать так, чтобы каждый пациент и его родственники чувствовали себя хорошо в саду и быстрее выздоравливали.
Pengelolaan Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Swasta
Authors: Fatmawati Siti , Nugraha Mulyawan Safwandy
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the management of educational financing at SMP Islam Bakti Asih, where efficient financial management is key to achieving educational goals. The research is motivated by the financial challenges faced by private schools due to limited resources, affecting the quality of education and the welfare of teaching staff. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation on budget planning, fund utilization, and financial oversight. The key findings indicate that the primary sources of funding come from the foundation and government (BOS) funds, which are utilized through detailed budget planning and regular financial audits to ensure transparency and accountability. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of comprehensive and proactive financial management, not only to maintain the school's financial stability but also to enhance the quality of education provided. This study contributes to the literature on educational financial management by providing insights into best practices for managing funds in private schools. Additionally, the limitations of this study include its narrow focus on a single school and the limited number of respondents, which opens opportunities for further research in broader contexts.
Imagens em Medicina
Authors: Gaspar Deolinda , Pascoal João , Luiele Arlete , Antunes Lina
Published: October 2024

Doente de 18 anos, masculino, negro, internado por tamponamento cardíaco e submetido de urgência à drenagem pericárdica. O líquido obtido era sero-hemático. A imagem radiográfica obtida após drenagem é a que se apresenta a seguir.
Questão:1) Qual a complicação mais provável? Comente.A) Hemopericárdio.B) PneumomediastinoC) PneumopericárdioD) Pneumotórax.