bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in Wilson’s disease: a large prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Chevalier Kevin , Rahli Djamila , de Veyrac Louise , Guillaume Jessica , Obadia Michaël Alexandre , Poujois Aurélia
Published: May 2023

Background Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder due to a mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired hepatic copper excretion and accumulation in various tissues. Lifelong decoppering treatments are the keystone of the treatment. These treatments can prevent, stabilize, or reverse the symptoms making WD a chronic disease. Quality of life (QoL) is one of the best outcome measures of any therapeutic intervention in chronic diseases but has not been evaluated in large cohorts of WD patients.Method To better evaluate the QoL in WD and the correlation with different clinical or demographic factors we have performed a prospective cross-sectional study.Results Two hundred fifty-seven patients (53.3% men, mean age of 39.3 years and median disease duration of 18.8 years) were included between 1st January 2021 and 31st December 2021. Hepatoneurological form of the disease and depression were significantly correlated with low QoL (p < 0.001 for both). Nevertheless, the QoL of the patients was close to that of the general population and only 29 patients (11.3%) had a moderate to severe depression.Conclusions Neurological patients should be closely monitored to prevent and treat symptoms of depression that impact their quality of life.
The Burden of Disease in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: Results of a Caregiver Survey in the UK and Republic of Ireland.
Authors: Thomas Sophie , Morrison Alexandra , Morton Georgina , Roberts Pat , Clark Vivenne , Imrie Jackie
Published: May 2023

Background: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease characterised by the progressive loss of motor function and severe decline in cognitive function. Palliative care is the only option for most patients with the disease eventually leading to premature death. Three UK-based MLD patient organisations commissioned an online survey, and follow-up semi-structured interviews open to MLD patients or caregivers, aged 18 years and over to better understand the impact of MLD.
Results: A total of 24 patients were included in the survey: thirteen late infantile (LI), six early juvenile (EJ), two late juvenile (LJ) and three adult onset (AO). Six patients had received gene therapy and one had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Our study revealed that MLD patients receiving no disease modifying treatment suffered from a great range and severity of symptoms, and required numerous medications, surgical interventions, and home adaptations. All early-onset patients (LI and EJ) were wheelchair dependent, and tube fed, with all EJ patients having lost all speech. The Parents of an EJ patient described how their child suffered with MLD: “She's been tortured, basically. She is. That's what the disease is doing to her. It’s torturing her little body. And we had to sit and watch that. We have to sit and watch it. And other than cuddling her and giving her meds, there’s just nothing we can… And I’d swap places with her.” Patients treated with gene therapy or HSCT were more mobile and were able to eat normally and two thirds of the children were able to attend mainstream school.
Conclusions: The impact of illness that patients and their caregivers faced was extensive, and the level of care, amount of medication, number of hospital visits and educational support required were substantial. Financial constraints often brought about by inability to work also placed considerable strain on families. Palliative care is the only current option for most patients and some symptoms of MLD are extremely challenging to manage. There is a need for greater awareness of the disease burden faced by patients and their caregivers, and the resources required to support these families.
Digital Horizontal Accuracy Assessment as Alternative Geospatial Data sources
Authors: Darsa Mohammadzen Hasan
Published: May 2023

Accuracy requirements and data sources grow in tandem with advancements in GIS and remote sensing applications. In high advancement of GIS and Remote sensing application, the source of data is another problem going with parallel to them. The significance of geospatial data source is valuable worldwide. Especially some developing countries which don’t have their own satellite for image source have more faced the problem. This problem directly hinders the research that can be conducted by using this data. Ethiopia is one of the countries that countered with problems about this scarcity of geospatial and digital data sources. However, there is abundant of high resolution Google Earth imagery of different area temporal data used as an alternatives of geospatial data source, which requires examining its positional accuracy assessment, for further use as alternative geospatial data sources. In this paper Google Earth image of 2009 and IKONOS 2004 Satellite image of Adama city were tested horizontal positional accuracy level using the Orthophoto high accuracy image. The assessment includes points, lines and polygon samples for positional accuracy testing. For the point samples, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in X_ coordinate of Google Earth was 2.66ft/ 0.813m and IKONOS satellite image was 11.263ft/ 3.433m. The Y_coordinate Google Earth was 1.296 ft/0.395m and IKONOS satellite image was 3.806ft/1.160m. The horizontal line shift of Google Earth is 3.541ft/ 1.079m; IKONOS was 4.097m/ 13.442ft. The area difference of Google Earth was 4.219sqft/ 0.392sqm, and the IKONOS image was 13.347sqft/1.24sqm and all these samples are taken considering the slope characteristics of the study area.
Diversity and association mapping assessment of an untouched native grapevine genetic resource by iPBS retrotransposon markers
Authors: Güler Emrah , Karadeniz Turan , Özer Göksel , Uysal Tamer
Published: May 2023

Grape is one of the most produced horticultural crops, being one of the oldest domesticated plants that undergo genetic differentiation due to the natural crossing, bud mutations, and the effect of the continuously changing demand for wine types and table grapes. Recognition and discrimination of autochthonous varieties are the first steps for breeding studies. In this study, an autochthonous grapevine population was recognized by iPBS (Inter primer binding sites) retrotransposon markers and the genetic relationships with some other varieties from Turkey and Europe. The trait-associated loci were determined by GLM (general linear model) and MLM (mixed linear model) analysis. Eight iPBS markers generated 136 loci, of which 106 were polymorphic. The neighbor-joining method clustered the genotypes and standard varieties into three main and seven subclusters. Structure analysis also grouped the grapes into seven populations. Molecular variance analysis showed that the variability occurred mainly among individuals. In the association mapping, 36 loci were correlated with quantitative traits in GLM, whereas 21 loci were correlated in MLM. A remarkable diversity among the autochthonous grape population, even among the same-named individuals, was determined by diversity assessments. Distinct genotypes with desired characteristics will be valuable in breeding studies. The loci determined by both mapping approaches might help to create functional markers to select genotypes with the desired traits.
Increasing near-coastal ocean wave energy observed in Earth’s seismic wavefield since the late 1980
Authors: Aster Richard , Ringler Adam , Anthony Robert , Lee Thomas
Published: May 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Retrofitting and waterproofing of Aged Concrete Using Electromigration of Nanosilica
Authors: Mendonca Fausto , Urgessa Girum S. , Domingues Marcela G. , Rocco Bruno T. , Junior Leopoldo R. , Rocco José A. F. F.
Published: May 2023

Reinforced concrete is a common construction material used to support structures around the world. However, the durability of concrete is affected by weathering action, abrasion, and chemical attack and this may lead to reduction in desired material properties necessary to support structures. Electromigration is the transport of material in a conductor under the influence of an applied electric field. All conductors are susceptible to electromigration, therefore it is important to consider the effects the electrical current resulting from the applied field may have on the conductor. The net force exerted on a single metal ion in a conductor has two opposing contributions: a direct force and wind force. Electrochemical engineering is the branch of chemical engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena, such as electrosynthesis of chemicals, electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion. This paper presents results of two small-scale tests using electromigration process as a means of transporting nanosilica to recover cement matrix integrity of aged concrete samples extracted from a 40 years old structure. A set up with two vessel was proposed, with electrical font working for 24 hours generating transportation of nanosilica into the aged concrete samples. The success of the electromigration process was verified with electronic microscope (qualitative analysis), scanning electronic microscope, and X ray dispersive energy spectroscopy. The results showed that an electromigration of nanosilica into the cement matrix occurred and resulted in reduction of micro fissures. Additionally, deposition of silica on the sample surface was observed. Reduction of calcium in the matrix was verified with the development of hydrated calcium silicate, providing the recovery of cement matrix in increasing cement mechanical properties like strength and also decreasing the porosity of the concrete matrix.
Broadband near-ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy
Authors: Bernhardt Birgitta , Fürst Lukas , Kirchner Adrian , Eber Alexander , Siegrist Florian , Vora Robert di
Published: May 2023

The highly energetic photons of ultraviolet light drive electronic, vibrational and rotational transitions in virtually all atomic or molecular species. This radiation is thus a prime tool for strongly selective spectroscopic fingerprinting and real-time environmental monitoring if broad spectral coverage, short acquisition times and high spectral resolution can be achieved – requirements that are in mutual competition in traditional applications.
As a novel concept with intrinsic potency in all three aspects, here we introduce ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy using two broadband ultraviolet frequency combs centered at 871 THz (343 nm central wavelength) and covering a spectral bandwidth of 35.7 THz. We demonstrate the potential of the novel spectroscopy platform by acquiring fully state-resolved absorption spectra of formaldehyde, a prototype molecule with high relevance for laser spectroscopy and environmental sciences, with acquisition times as short as 100 µs and an averaged spectral resolution of 50 GHz and perform element-selective real-time tracking of gas concentration changes.
To our knowledge, this is the first realization of dual comb spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region and the first tool to allow for a real-time monitoring of the trinity of rotational, vibrational and electronic excitations in molecular species of major earth-atmospheric relevance.
Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals the Contribution of Nitric Oxide to Maintaining Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Ability in Hylotelephium erythrostictum Leaves under Salt Stress
Authors: wang jinxuan , Chen zhixin , Leng pingsheng , Hu Zenghui
Published: May 2023

Hylotelephium erythrostictum is a plant species with high garden value and notable salt tolerance, yet the salt tolerance mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we treated seedlings with 200 mM NaCl and performed transcriptome sequencing after 0, 5, and 10 d. A total of 123,008 unigenes were identified, of which 79,478 were functionally annotated. The majority of the differently expressed genes (DEGs) associated with photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein metabolic pathways were downregulated. In contrast, genes related to superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly upregulated, and genes related to nitric oxide (NO) synthase also exhibited increased expression levels. As NO synthase-related genes in the transcriptome participate in the H. erythrostictum salt stress response, we treated the seedlings under salt stress with exogenous NO and discovered that the contents of peroxides, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased, while soluble sugars and other osmotic substances increased. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield Y(II), and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) increased, whereas fluorescence (Fo) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) decreased. Furthermore, the expression levels of SOD, CAT, Cab, and psaA were significantly upregulated. These results suggest that NO enhances the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity of H. erythrostictum and improves salt tolerance.
Investigations into morphology and surface integrity of micro hole during femtosecond laser drilling of titanium alloy
Authors: Deepu P , T Jagadesh , Duraiselvam Muthukannan
Published: May 2023

To increase an aircraft engine efficiency, thousands of cooling micro-holes should be drilled on the gas turbine blade. Because of the superior thermal and mechanical properties of titanium alloy, it is challenging to produce micro-holes with high dimensional and form accuracy using conventional methods. So, in this work, an attempt has been made to produce micro-holes on Ti-6Al-4V using a femtosecond laser. A detailed experiment is performed using full factorial design to comprehend the combined effect of laser process parameters and laser scanning strategies on micro-hole characteristics like hole circularity at entry, exit, taper hole, surface finish and microstructure. A combination of higher laser fluence and a lower pulse repetition rate improves the entry and exit hole circularity. On the contrary, the taper angle is lowered by increasing laser fluence and pulse repetition rate. The zig-zag scanning strategy reduces the hole taper, while the concentric circle scanning strategy improves the circularity of the hole at the entry and exit. It is found that the optimum process parameters for improving micro hole geometry in Ti-6Al-4V include a laser fluence of 1.90 J/cm2, a pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz, and a concentric circle scanning strategy. The surface finish of the micro-hole deteriorates with increasing laser fluence and repetition rate, while concentric circle scanning yields lower surface roughness with fewer surface imperfections. Furthermore, the hole wall microstructure evolution exhibits deep craters at higher laser fluence and undulating grooves at higher repetition rates.
Temporal Coordination of the Transcription Factor Response to H2O2 stress
Authors: Paek Andrew , Jose Elizabeth , March-Steinman Woody , Wilson Bryce , Shanks Lisa
Published: May 2023

Oxidative stress from excess H2O2 activates transcription factors (TFs) that restore redox balance and repair oxidative damage. Though many TFs are activated by H2O2, it is unknown whether they are activated at the same H2O2 concentration or time after H2O2 stress. We found TF activation is tightly coordinated over time and dose dependent. We first focused on p53 and FOXO1 and found that in response to low H2O2, p53 is activated rapidly while FOXO1 remains inactive. In contrast, cells respond to high H2O2 in two temporal phases. In the first phase FOXO1 rapidly shuttles to the nucleus while p53 remains inactive. In the second phase FOXO1 shuts off and p53 levels rise. Other TFs are activated in the first phase with FOXO1 (NF-κB, NFAT1), or the second phase with p53 (NRF2, JUN), but not both. The two phases result in large differences in gene expression. Finally, we provide evidence that 2-Cys peroxiredoxins control which TF are activated and the timing of TF activation.
Oncology drug lag in Japan – Has it improved over the last decade?
Authors: Tachibana Yoshifumi , Narukawa Mamoru
Published: May 2023

Background
Existing studies and statistics on the drug lag between Japan and the United States (US) for anticancer drugs indicate that it has decreased, whereas more drugs are left unapproved in Japan. This study aimed to quantify the impact of unapproved drugs on the drug lag.
Methods
Information on 136 anticancer drugs approved in the US between 2011 and 2022 was collected. The approval lag, defined as the number of days from the date of approval in the US to the date of approval in Japan, was calculated for all selected drugs, and the median was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The approval lag for drugs not approved in Japan was treated as censored data. Factors potentially associated with the approval lag were explored using Cox regression analysis.
Results
The median approval lags for the first half period (2011-2016) and the last half period (2017-2022) were 961 days (2.6 years) and 1555 days (4.3 years), respectively. The participation of Japan in the global pivotal trial was associated with a shorter approval lag, and new drug applications by non-Japanese companies that did not rank in the global sales top 20 were associated with a longer approval lag.
Conclusions
Drug lag has not decreased over the last decade, but has been increasing. The percentage of pivotal trials for US approval that included Japan has increased but should be further increased in the future. Japan may require a scheme to encourage smaller non-Japanese companies to include Japan in their global clinical development plan.
The advanced 3D lymphatic system for assaying the human cutaneous lymphangiogenesis in the microfluidic platform
Authors: Chung Seok , Kim Minseop , Choi Sieun , Choi Dong-Hee , Ahn Jinchul , Lee Dain , Song Euijeoung , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Mijin , Choi Sowoong , Oh Soojung , Kim Minsuh , Park Phil June
Published: May 2023

The human cutaneous lymphatic system strictly controls the lymphatic functions as coordinating with skin cells. The lymphatic system plays important roles in removing cell waste, residual proteins, various antigens, and immune cells from tissues in order to maintain homeostasis and activate the immune system, through the drainage of interstitial fluid 1,2. The skin protects our body from external stimulates such as pathogens through the cutaneous lymphatic system 3,4. Herein, to develop the in vitro human cutaneous lymphatic model, we present two 3D microfluidic platforms: a lymphangiogenesis model with a pre-collecting lymphatic vessel-like structure and an advanced lymphangiogenesis model with a functional cutaneous barrier and a pre-collecting lymphatic vessel-like structure. In addition, we rapidly analyzed pro-lymphangiogenesis effects using methods which incorporate a high-speed image processing system and a deep learning-based vascular network analysis algorithm by 12 indices. Using these platforms, we evaluated the pro-lymphangiogenic effect of Lymphanax, a natural product derived from fresh ginseng. As a result, we demonstrated that Lymphanax induces robust lymphangiogenesis without any structural abnormalities. In conclusion, we suggest that these innovative platforms are useful for studying the interaction between the skin and lymphatic system as well as evaluating the pro-lymphangiogenic effects of drugs and cosmetics.
Breeding practice, and traits and breed preferences of indigenous village chickens
Authors: Desta Takele Taye , Wakeyo Oli
Published: May 2023

In developing nations, indigenous village chickens, or IVCs, significantly contribute to rural livelihoods. IVCs are well-suited for small-scale farmers' multiple breeding objectives and low-input, low-output production systems. Although natural selection has a disproportionate impact on the genetic structure of IVCs, small-scale farmers have developed locally tailored breeding practices to get the most out of their flocks. Small-scale farmers' insights on traits and breed preferences and family flock breeding management are presented in this cross-sectional study. Small-scale farmers prefer IVCs that are optimally good in several traits. In contrast to policymakers, who frequently underestimate the significance of IVCs in rural life, small-scale farmers have a balanced view and acknowledge the coexistence of local and commercial chickens. Farmers are unable to achieve their breeding goals by keeping IVCs or production breeds because of the complexity of their breeding goals; instead, this aspiration needs the rearing of both types of chickens. Only 15.7 percent of farmers recruited homegrown cocks to breed their chickens, whereas 84.3 percent outsourced breeding cocks (47.9 percent from the local market and 36.4 percent from neighbors) (χ-squared = 15.976 df = 2, p = 0.0003395). This practice is important to reduce the negative impacts of inbreeding. About 49.2 percent of small-scale farmers believed that consanguineous mating-induced inbreeding had only minor effects. High flock turnover and uncontrolled breeding significantly reduce the rate of inbreeding. Despite the low production of eggs and meat, small-scale farmers prefer local (rank = 1.47) chickens to commercial (rank = 1.61). Farmers' preferences are influenced by the wide range of products and services offered by IVCs. For cocks, fertility, and growth traits were highly sought after, whereas for hens, maternal traits and laying performance were prioritized. Compared to the highlands, the lowlands had a longer egg storage period (t = 2.677, df = 117, p = 0.009, 95 percent CI: -3.7607, -0.5622). The low demand for eggs in the sparsely populated lowland region may be linked to this extended storage, which was practiced regardless of the higher temperature in the lowland region. This study acknowledges the wisdom of small-scale farmers and advocates the incorporation of their insights into a sustainable genetic improvement program.
Quantifying habitat overlaps between native and non-native fishes in the Himalayas using MaxEnt models optimized for data-deficient stream networks
Authors: Jan Arif , Arismendi Ivan , Giannico Guillermo , Flitcroft Rebecca
Published: May 2023

Fish invasions threaten freshwater ecosystems worldwide, yet methods to map biodiversity in data-deficient regions are scarce. Two salmonids, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) have been introduced to the Himalayan ecoregion where they are sympatric with vulnerable native snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus and Schizothorax richardsonii. Our study aims to evaluate potential habitat overlaps between snow trout and non-native trout in the Indus and Ganges River basins, Himalayan ecoregion. We transferred MaxEnt models optimized for data-deficient stream networks to model distribution of potentially suitable streams for rainbow and brown trout in the Himalayas. We adopted a similar procedure to map suitable habitats for snow trout species. We found a substantial overlap (up to 96%) in suitable stream between snow trout and non-native trout. However, physiography of receiving basins could allow minimizing the impacts of each non-native trout on native snow trout. We generate high-resolution classified stream suitability maps as decision support tools to help managers in habitat allocation and policy formation to balance recreational fisheries with conservation of snow trout. Our workflow for optimized MaxEnt models can be transferred to other basins and species for mapping freshwater biodiversity patterns in species-rich yet data-poor regions of the world.
Prospects of Natural Gas Consumption using LMDI-STIRPAT-PLSR Framework
Authors: Lund Ibrar H , Shaikh Faheemullah , Harijan Khanji , Kumar Laveet , Dagar Vishal
Published: May 2023

Increasing population and depleting natural gas (NG) reserves may cause NG shortage and it is necessary to balance the supply-demand gap by devising proper policies. This paper investigates the relationship between NG consumption and driving factors using logarithmic mean division index. A stochastic impact of regression for different variables and partial least square regression has been used for model validation and accuracy estimation. Results proved that fossil energy structure and per capita GDP are most influencing factors on NG consumption, followed by non-clean energy structure, energy intensity, and population. Forecasted results suggest that NG consumption would be 42.107 MTOE under the high development scenario which is twice the baseline scenario. It is projected that indigenous NG production will fall from 4 to 2 billion cubic feet/day and demand will increase by 1.5 billion cubic feet/day. Therefore, an optimized strategy is required for a long-term solution to cater this increasing supply-demand.
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and the risk of adverse maternal outcomes in the Republic of Georgia: a national birth registry-based cohort study
Authors: Skhvitaridze Natia , Gamkrelidze Amiran , Manjavidze Tinatin , Brenn Tormod , Rylander Charlotta
Published: May 2023

Importance Georgia experienced an increase in maternal mortality (MM) during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which warrants further investigation.Objective This study aimed to assess associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and MM, post-delivery intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and caesarean section (CS) delivery.Methods We performed a national birth registry-based cohort study including pregnant women who delivered between February 28, 2020 and August 31, 2022. Data was linked with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing, vital, and immunization registries. Pregnant women were classified into three groups: confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from conception through 31 days before delivery, confirmed infection in the 30 days before or at delivery, and women negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection or without any test results (reference group). Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results Among 111,278 pregnant women, 16,661 had confirmed infection during pregnancy; 7,304 were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Compared to the reference group, those with confirmed infection in the 30 days before or at delivery experienced increased odds of MM (aOR: 45.5, 95% CI, 23.1–89.3), post-delivery ICU admission (aOR: 5.62, 95% CI, 4.37–7.22), and CS delivery (aOR: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.03–1.21).Conclusions Hence, pregnant women in Georgia with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 30 days before or at delivery conferred an alarmingly higher risk of MM and post-delivery ICU admission. Additionally, results highlight that most women were not vaccinated against COVID-19. These findings should signal to stakeholders that adherence to public health preventive measures needs to be improved.
Modified Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling Algorithm with Starvation Mitigation for Reconfigurable Computing systems
Authors: B Abirami , V Vasudevan
Published: May 2023

Multilevel feedback queue (MLFQ) is one of the efficient scheduling algorithms used in popular operating systems such as windows and Linux. The algorithm consists of several queues with varying priorities and with the low priority queue taking care of starvation mitigation. As Reconfigurable Computing Systems(RCS) handle hardware tasks with different priorities and short and long execution times, which are to be executed in the programmable hardware, MLFQ is suitably modified to match the needs of an RCS.Unlike the traditional software implementations, the hardware tasks can not be preempted at ease and hence the algorithm is suitably modified with four queues based on priority and execution times of the tasks. The MMLFQ is implemented and its performance is compared with the other conventional scheduling algorithms such as static configuration, SJF, FCFS and MLFQ. It is found that the proposed Modified MLFQ technique provides a reduced waiting time for both short jobs of low and high priority tasks and is a better choice than other scheduling algorithms.
Pre-term Birth and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Shashemene Town Public Health Facilities West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Ketema Senayit Getahun , Morkie Biftu Geda , Mergia Berhanu Teshome , Sadeta Kebede Kumsa , Godana Milkeso Wako
Published: May 2023

Background Premature birth is the leading cause of death in children all over the world. An estimated 15 million babies born too early and one million children die as a result of preterm birth complications. Many survivors are disabled for the rest of their lives, where the greatest burden falls in developing countries and Ethiopia is one. There is limited information about the preterm birth and this study intended to assess the magnitude of preterm birth and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Shashemene Town Public Health Facilities.Methods Institution based, cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1–30, 2022. We used purposive sampling for the facility depending on the number of delivery report and systematic random sampling to select 325 mothers who gave births. Data were collected using structure questionnaires for interview administered and check list for the chart review. The collected data were checked for completeness, cleaned, coded and entered in to Epi info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 23 for further analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics used for analysis followed by text, tables and graphs report.Results Data were collected from 325 respondents giving 100% response rate. The magnitude of preterm birth was found to be 7.1% (6.38, 7.82). On multivariable logistic regression model, being mothers’ age 35–44 years, 0.08, (0.03, 0.24), having no history of preterm labor 0.06 (0.02–0.2), no Obstetric complications 0.08 (0.02, 0.32), having no history of low birth weight 0.05(0.02, 0.17) were less likely to have preterm birth.Conclusion The prevalence of preterm birth was relatively low among mothers with no obstetric complications and being late reproductive age groups. Health education on late pregnancy and quality maternity care provision is recommended.
Mutational and copy number analysis of numerous sorted circulating and disseminated tumour cells to interrogate subclonal evolution in advanced breast cancer.
Authors: Brouwer Anja , De Laere Bram , Dam Pieter-Jan van , Peeters Marc , Laere Steven Van , Dirix Luc
Published: May 2023

Background. Liquid biopsies have been studied as an accessible method to capture spatial tumour heterogeneity and repeatedly evaluate targetable aberrations in cancer. Here, we analysed pure single and pools of circulating and disseminated tumour cells (CTC and DTC) to study genetic heterogeneity.
Methods. From, three patients with metastatic breast cancer, CTC and DTC (bone marrow, pleural fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid) were CellSearch® enriched and DEPArray® sorted into 136 samples of singles and pools up to 150 cells. Sorted cells, primary tumour, circulating free (cf)DNA, and enriched CTC/DTC fractions were analysed for mutations and copy number alterations (CNA).
Results. Two patients harboured a driver PIK3CA mutation in all samples. Variant allele frequencies matched the ploidy status calculated from copy number data. The majority of CNA were homogeneously present in most samples of each patient, including breast cancer subtype specific CNA. One patient with rapidly progressive disease harboured additional CNA in the CTC/DTC compartment, reflecting this aggressive course and a possible subtype switch. These clones emerged at distinct timepoints in the different compartments. Furthermore, various mutations were present in unique samples.
Conclusion. Repeated tumour analysis with liquid biopsies unveils changing molecular characteristics over time, and even a difference between simultaneous primary and metastatic disease. We show that all major subclones can be captured by combined sequencing of enriched CTC and cfDNA at disease progression.
Localization of Composite Prosthetic Feet: Manufacturing Processes and Production Guidelines
Authors: Elgamsy Ramadan , Awad Mohammed , Ramadan Noha , Amer Ayman , Osama Yomna , El-Hilaly Rana , Elsabbagh Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Amputation levels in Egypt and the surrounding neighborhood requires a state intervention to localize the manufacturing of prosthetic feet. Amputations are mainly due to chronic diseases, accidents, and hostilities’ casualties. The prosthetic foot type is classified traditionally according to the number of axial rotational movements, and recently according to the energy activeness of the foot. The localization of this industry needs a preliminary survey of the technological levels with respect to the foot type. Upon the results of this survey, the energy storage response foot has appealing metrics to proceed with its manufacturing. A prototype manufacturing chain is designed and a set of these feet with a certain commercial size of 27 is manufactured. The feet are tested according to ISO 22675. Based on the successful results, a manufacturing value chain is proposed with the prospective resin transfer molding technology. This value chain will guarantee the required localization as well as the natural growth of this value chain with all related activities like accreditation of practices as well as manpower certification.
Application of Deep Learning-Based Speech System in Online Music Learning System
Authors: Wei Bo , Ma Shanshan
Published: May 2023

Due to the continuous promotion of the application of the speech recognition technology of the twin network algorithm, the system performance has been continuously expanded, gradually becoming stronger, and voice control can be realized. Supporting target tracking in the twin network is a statistical-based recognition algorithm that solves the problems caused by insufficient sample size, inseparable linearity, hierarchical fracture, lack of a global view, etc. It has a wide range of applications, accurate classification, and is mostly used for speech recognition system. The research purpose of this paper is to use the sound frequency expansion measurement from the input data dimension of the audio and data system, and the contribution of the principal component analysis (pca) of the principal component value characteristic to the parameter recognition accuracy of the sound and data system can be maintained. At the same time, it greatly shortens the training time of the target tracking support twin network. This article focuses on the demand analysis of music course learning system software, designing software architecture and data structure, and briefly explains the implementation and testing process of the system. Directly use the mobile terminal WeChat applet architecture and server: Use JavaEE architecture and other technologies, including online learning, path training, and course management. Based on this, the research focus of this article is to design and implement a WeChat-based small program architecture, and test the solution algorithm.
Unveiling the novel effect of Rhodopseudomonas palustris-derived extracellular 5-aminolevulinic acid on the growth and yield of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz under field conditions
Authors: Sundar Laurence Shiva , Chang Yao-Tsung , Chao Yun-Yang
Published: May 2023

Background:
Djulis is a nutrient-rich plant with potential health benefits, but its intensive fertilization hinders its yield, raising environmental concerns. Biofertilizers like purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) offer an eco-friendly alternative to enhance growth and yield, yet limited research has investigated their efficacy on different djulis lines. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate PNSB's effectiveness on two djulis lines in two fields, one control and the other inoculated with PNSB.
Methods:
Data on the growth and yield of djulis lines were collected and the results were statistically analyzed using independent sample t-tests and Duncan's multiple-range test.
Results:
The results showed that PNSB inoculation in the red line led to a significant increase in plant height (24%), leaf chlorophyll content (15%), spike length (35%), spike fresh weight (94%), shoot dry weight (207%), grain yield (86%), root length (119%), root volume (100%), and root dry weight (23%). As in the yellow line, PNSB inoculation significantly increased plant height (14%), spike length (26%), spike fresh weight (43%), shoot dry weight (53%), root length (36%), root volume (72%), and root dry weight (24%). Inoculation of PNSB had opposite effects on the maturity period of red and yellow djulis lines. It significantly improved the yield of the low-performing red line but had only minor effects on the high-performing yellow line, indicating the importance of selecting suitable lines.
Conclusion:
This study highlights PNSB's potential as a sustainable and cost-effective biofertilizer for djulis production and encourages further research to explore its applications in other crops and environments.
A first case association of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome and First Episode Psychosis: a case report
Authors: Siopa Carlos , Cordeiro Catarina , Moura Bernardo Melo
Published: May 2023

Background Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome is an autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorder characterized by proximal weakness, autonomic dysfunction and areflexia associated with antibodies against voltage-gated calcium channels. Psychotic symptoms can take place in many auto-immune neurological disorders, but their occurrence in myasthenic syndromes has rarely been observed.Case presentation : We report a case of a 21-year-old female with primary autoimmune Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome due to anti-voltage-gated calcium channels antibodies subtype P/Q, who developed psychotic symptoms 3 years after motor symptoms onset. With monthly administration, these symptoms improved after every cycle of Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy. Different causes of reversible psychosis were excluded, such as autoimmune encephalitis. Owing to muscle strength worsening and psychotic episodes, the patient was put on several treatments including one admission to a Neurology unit.Conclusions This is, to our knowledge, the first described case of a psychotic syndrome associated with Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome. We speculate that voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies could have a role in the development of mental symptoms, however further hypotheses are discussed.
Assessing the extent and impacts of linear infrastructure on Sri Lanka's natural and protected areas: implications for future development planning
Authors: Hewavithana Dishane , Weerakoon Devaka , Roy Shouraseni
Published: May 2023

Linear infrastructure (LI) has varying effects on landscapes depending on different ecosystems' sensitivity and threat levels. Economically developing tropical countries are particularly at risk from LI. Therefore, understanding a country's current LI network and planning future developments to avoid further fragmentation and disturbance is crucial. This study aimed to assess the extent of Sri Lanka's LI network (i.e., roads, railroads, and powerlines), given that it is both a biodiversity hotspot and an economically developing country in the tropics. First, we calculated the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) indices and examined their spatial autocorrelation per divisional secretariat division. Then a multivariate cluster analysis was used to determine clusters of natural and protected areas that may receive similar impacts from different LI and their combinations. Results indicated that roads are the most widespread LI type in Sri Lanka, followed by transmission lines and railroads. Over 80% of Sri Lanka's total land area falls within 1 km of either a national or a provincial/local road. Areas with high NDVI were primarily manmade habitats, with less than 20% contribution from protected areas. Over 50% of the total protected area of Sri Lanka is being impacted by all three types of LI. Powerlines were the most common LI type in protected areas in proportion to their total lengths. To minimize environmental impact while achieving development goals, future LI development activities should use a landscape approach to identify development needs and strategies informed by these findings.
Efficacy of lyophilized Lactobacillus sakei as a potential candidate for the prevention of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella infection
Authors: Tajdozian Hanieh , Seo Hoonhee , AB RAHIM MD , Lee Young kyoung , Kim Sukyung , Jeong Yoon Kyoung , ul-Haq Asad , Lee Saebim , Kyung Shin Kwak , Ju Jung-Hyun , Oh Baek-Rock , kim Chul Ho , Song Ho-Yeon
Published: May 2023

Background
Antimicrobial resistance has been considered one of the greatest threats to human health, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Gram-negative bacteria, especially carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), drive this alarming trend.Among CRE pathogens, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP) has recently been reported as a highly infectious one responsible of a high mortality and morbility in adults and immunocompromised patients. Additionally, CRKP-related infections are challenging to treat, as carbapenems are the last resort of antibiotics. Therefore, developing novel drugs with different mechanism of action from the existing drugs is urgently required to defeat this lethal menace. In these circumstances, probiotics intended for being a potential choice to be a therapeutic candidate and inhibit the pathogens. Thus, our research team has been focusing on probiotics for a long time to develop potential anti-CRKP drug agents.
Methods
After such efforts, we finally found a novel Lactobacillus sakei PMC104 derived from kimchi, a probiotic strain suitable for treating CRE infection. Next, as part of our expansion into therapeutic development, we did media optimization at food grade and then established a scale-up process to pilot scale. A lyophilizate was then obtained, which was subsequently used in a mouse model infected with CRKP.
Results
Data showed that treatment with L. sakei powder remarkably diminished the body weight loss, mortality, and illness severity in CRKP-infected mice which shows the preventive effect of our PMC 104 against CRKP infection.
Discussion
Our results exhibit the potential therapeutic effect of our candidate probiotic strain opposed to the CRKP, advocating that L. sakei can be congested as an antimicrobial candidate for treating CRKP infections. However, extensive studies such as toxicity tests and clinical trials are still needed to develop it as a new anti-CRE therapeutic agent.
The influence of greenery on reduction of air temperature and air pollution in an urban canyon; A case study
Authors: Kaveh Sonia , Habibi Amin , Nikkar Mohammad , Aflaki Ardalan
Published: May 2023

Outdoor ambient air temperature and air quality are considered as a main health concern whereas 66% of the world's population live in cities by 2050. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of different types and location of greeneries as well as building heights and wind orientation in urban canyon .The research applied the numerical simulation to model a street canyon with different scenarios. The study, focusing on PM10, PM2.5 and NOx concentrations in hot-arid district. The results showed that stepped buildings with green walls has the highest temperature of 18.02° C, and two rows of deciduous trees has the lowest temperature of 17.56° C as the best and worst scenarios simultaneously. Comparison of scenarios (with and without trees) indicated that the efficiency of trees and vegetation on the moderation of thermal comfort. Scenarios 1, 2, 7 and 8 which are without trees, have a high degree of temperature. However, scenario 5, with two rows of deciduous trees, has the lowest temperature and the highest pollution. Moreover, a significant correlation between wind flow and reduction of air temperature and pollutant have been observed. This study presents the novel design pattern of ventilation for air pollutant removal, moreover develops a scenario with maximum coverage of streets and walls with suitable plants, Using the right planting technique, choosing the right plants and trees for urban streets, building walls, and installing green roofs, these findings might aid urban designers and architects in creating more sustainable cites.
Optimize the ordering of the Hadamard basis through the max-projection method to design the masks of ghost imaging suitable for efficient reconstruction of face images
Authors: ZHANG HAIPENG , DU KANG , ZHAO CHANGZHE , TANG JIE , SI SHANGYU , JIA WENHONG , XUE LIAN , ZHONGLIANG LI
Published: May 2023

One important component of ghost imaging is the encoded mask. Hadamard matrix has been the widely used mask for its binary and orthogonal property. Inspired by deep learning, max-projection ordering was proposed to reorder Hadamard bases for efficient and fast reconstruction applied to frontier research such as cerebral imaging. Simulations of face demonstrated only 20 training images obtained an outstanding ordering. In noise-free simulation at an ultra-low sampling rate of 5%, PSNR of max-projection ordering was 1.1dB higher than those of cake-cutting ordering with the best performance in the reference group. Reconstruction time was reduced to milliseconds. In noisy simulation, at ultra-low sampling rates, the retrieved images were almost identical to those without noise. Accordingly, max-projection ordering Hadamard matrix is a promising solution to real-time ghost imaging for higher reconstruction quality, stronger noise immunity and millisecond reconstruction time.
WITHDRAWN: Combining UAV-LiDAR and UAV-Photogrammetry for Bridge Assessment and Infrastructure Monitoring
Authors: Abdel-Maksoud Hany
Published: May 2023

Maintaining the health of strategic infrastructures and bridges is crucial for effective maintenance operations. However, traditional periodical monitoring using elevating platforms is expensive and complex, leading to a search for more efficient and flexible methods. In recent years, there has been a growing adoption of non-invasive approaches such as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with optical sensors and LiDAR technologies for rapid mapping of the territory. This study presents two methodologies for bridge inspection. The first approach integrates traditional topographic and GNSS techniques with TLS and photogrammetry using cameras mounted on UAV. The second approach involves using a DJI Matrice 300 equipped with a LiDAR DJI Zenmuse L1 sensor for both manual and automatic flights. While the first approach resulted in a centimeter-accurate but time-consuming model, the UAV-LiDAR point cloud's georeferencing accuracy was less accurate in the case of manual flight under the bridge due to GNSS signal obstruction. However, a photogrammetric model reconstruction phase using Ground Control Points and photos taken by the L1-embedded camera improved the overall accuracy of the workflow. This workflow can be used for flexible, low-cost mapping of bridges when medium level accuracy (5–10 cm) is acceptable. Finally, the article presents a solution for integrating the final 3D products interactively into a Bridge Management System environment.
Design of nanocomposite using zein and bentonite to control the release of curcumin
Authors: Khakpourian Zahra , Farrokhi Azita , Mandoumi Noushin
Published: May 2023

Curcumin is a polyphenol with multiple biological activities, but it has very poor solubility in water, which limits its application. The aim of this study was to design a nanocomposite using zein and bentonite to control the release of curcumin under the conditions of pH = 7.4 and 5. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that curcumin binds to zein through hydrogen bonding. In laboratory conditions, drug release was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy in acidic conditions (pH = 5) and physiological pH (pH = 7.4) and its release was compared with curcumin alone. The results showed that the release of curcumin at pH = 5 is faster than at pH = 7.4.