bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of Phenotypic Variability and Disabilities after Prenatal Viral Infections
Authors: Kousa Youssef A. , Hossain Reafa A.
Published: June 2021

Prenatal viral infection can lead to a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disabilities or fetal demise. These can include microencephaly, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, refractory epilepsy, deafness, retinal defects, and cortical-visual impairment. Each of these clinical conditions can occur on a semi-quantitative to continuous spectrum, from mild to severe disease, and often as a collective of phenotypes. Such serious outcomes result from viruses’ overlapping neuropathology and hosts’ common neuronal and gene regulatory response to infections. The etiology of variability in clinical outcomes is not yet clear, but it may be related to viral, host, vector, and/or environmental risk and protective factors that likely interact in multiple ways. In this perspective of the literature, we work toward understanding the causes of phenotypic variability after prenatal viral infections by highlighting key aspects of the viral lifecycle that can affect human disease, with special attention to the 2015 Zika pandemic. Therefore, this work offers important insights into how viral infections and environmental teratogens affect the prenatal brain, toward our ultimate goal of preventing neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Group II Oxide Grains: How Massive Are Their AGB Star Progenitors?
Authors: Palmerini Sara , Cristallo Sergio , Piersanti Luciano , Vescovi Diego , Busso Maurizio
Published: June 2021

Presolar grains and their isotopic compositions provide valuable constraints to AGB star nucleosynthesis. However, there is a sample of O- and Al-rich dust, known as group 2 oxide grains, whose origin is difficult to address. On the one hand, the 17O/16O isotopic ratios shown by those grains are similar to the ones observed in low-mass red giant stars. On the other hand, their large 18O depletion and 26Al enrichment are challenging to account for. Two different classes of AGB stars have been proposed as progenitors of this kind of stellar dust: intermediate mass AGBs with hot bottom burning, or low mass AGBs where deep mixing is at play. Our models of low-mass AGB stars with a bottom-up deep mixing are shown to be likely progenitors of group 2 grains, reproducing together the 17O/16O, 18O/16O and 26Al/27Al values found in those grains and being less sensitive to nuclear physics inputs than our intermediate-mass models with hot bottom burning.
A Novel Plasmid DNA-Based Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Minigenome for Intracytoplasmic mRNA Production
Authors: Semkum Ploypailin , Kaewborisuth Challika , Thangthamniyom Nattarat , Theerawatanasirikul Sirin , Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Hansoongnern Payuda , Ramasoota Pongrama , Lekcharoensuk Porntippa
Published: June 2021

Picornaviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause highly contagious diseases, such as polio and hand, foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in human, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in animals. Reverse genetics and minigenome of picornaviruses mainly depend on in vitro transcription and RNA transfection; however, this approach is inefficient due to the rapid degradation of RNA template. Although DNA-based reverse genetics systems driven by mammalian RNA polymerase I and/or II promoters display the advantage of rescuing the engineered FMDV, the enzymatic functions are restricted in the nuclear compartment. To overcome these limitations, we successfully established a novel DNA-based vector, namely pKLS3, an FMDV minigenome containing the minimum cis-acting elements of FMDV essential for intracytoplasmic transcription and translation of a foreign gene. A combination of pKLS3 minigenome and the helper plasmids yielded the efficient production of uncapped-green florescent protein (GFP) mRNA visualized in the transfected cells. We have demonstrated the application of the pKLS3 for cell-based antiviral drug screening. Not only is the DNA-based FMDV minigenome system useful for the FMDV research and development but it could be implemented for generating other picornavirus minigenomes. Additionally, the prospective applications of this viral minigenome system as a vector for DNA and mRNA vaccines are also discussed.
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Is Associated with Renal Lesions
Authors: Murphy Brian G. , Castillo Diego , Mete Asli , Vogel Helena , Goldsmith Dayna , Barro Marietta , Gonzales-Viera Omar
Published: June 2021

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a monocyte/macrophage-tropic lentivirus that primarily infects goats resulting in a well-recognized set of chronic inflammatory syndromes focused on the joint synovium, tissues of the central nervous system, pulmonary interstitium and mammary gland. Clinically affected animals generally manifest with one or more of these classic CAEV-associated tissue lesions; however, CAEV-associated renal inflammation in goats has not been reported in the peer-reviewed literature. Here we describe six goats with chronic, multisystemic CAEV infections in conjunction with CAEV-associated renal lesions. One of the animals had CAEV antigen-associated thrombotic arteritis resulting in infarction of both the kidney and heart. These goats had microscopic evidence of inflammatory renal injury (interstitial nephritis) with detectable renal immunolabeling for CAEV antigen in three of six animals and amplifiable proviral sequences consistent with CAEV in all six animals. Cardiac lesions (vascular, myocardial or endocardial) were also identified in four of six animals. Within the viral promoter (U3) region, known transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) were generally conserved, although one viral isolate had a duplication of the U3 A region encoding a second gamma-activated site (GAS). Despite the TFBS conservation, the isolates demonstrated a degree of phylogenetic diversity. At present, the clinical consequence of CAEV-associated renal injury is not clear.
Challenges and Perspectives for Prevention of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Ueda Yutaka
Published: June 2021

The world is currently engaged in an ongoing battle against COVID-19 [...]
Reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus after Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Psichogiou Mina , Samarkos Michael , Mikos Nikolaos , Hatzakis Angelos
Published: June 2021

Seven immunocompetent patients aged > 50 years old presented with herpes zoster (HZ) infection in a median of 9 days (range 7–20) after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The occurrence of HZ within the time window 1–21 days after vaccination defined for increased risk and the reported T cell-mediated immunity involvement suggest that COVID-19 vaccination is a probable cause of HZ. These cases support the importance of continuing assessment of vaccine safety during the ongoing massive vaccination for the COVID-19 pandemic and encourage reporting and communication of any vaccination-associated adverse event.
Challenges and Opportunities of Mass Vaccination Centers in COVID-19 Times: A Rapid Review of Literature
Authors: Gianfredi Vincenza , Pennisi Flavia , Lume Alessandra , Ricciardi Giovanni Emanuele , Minerva Massimo , Riccò Matteo , Odone Anna , Signorelli Carlo
Published: June 2021

A mass vaccination center is a location, normally used for nonhealthcare activities, set up for high-volume and high-speed vaccinations during infectious disease emergencies. The high contagiousness and mortality of COVID-19 and the complete lack of population immunity posed an extraordinary threat for global health. The aim of our research was to collect and review previous experiences on mass vaccination centers. On 4 April 2021, we developed a rapid review searching four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar and medRxiv. From a total of 2312 papers, 15 of them were included in the current review. Among them, only one article described a COVID-19 vaccination center; all of the others referred to other vaccinations, in particular influenza. The majority were conducted in the United States, and were simulations or single-day experiences to practice a mass vaccination after bioterrorist attacks. Indeed, all of them were published after September 11 attacks. Regarding staff, timing and performance, the data were highly heterogenous. Several studies used as a model the Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Results highlighted the differences around the definition, layout and management of a mass vaccination center, but some aspects can be considered as a core aspect. In light of this, we suggested a potential definition. The current review answers to the urgency of organizing a mass vaccination center during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the most important organizational aspects that should be considered in the planning.
Pancreatic Injury after COVID-19 Vaccine—A Case Report
Authors: Cieślewicz Artur , Dudek Magdalena , Krela-Kaźmierczak Iwona , Jabłecka Anna , Lesiak Maciej , Korzeniowska Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 3 million deaths worldwide. Recently developed genetically engineered vaccines are the most critical solution for controlling the pandemic. Clinical trials on a large number of participants confirmed their safety and efficacy. However, with the growing number of vaccinated people, new infrequent adverse effects have been reported, not described in the medicinal product characteristics. We would like to report a case of acute pancreatic injury that occurred shortly after administering Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty). The report points out the potential need for close monitoring of patients reporting abdominal pain after vaccination (unresponsive to standard oral painkillers) because such symptom can be associated with acute pancreatitis.
How Public Health Professionals View Mandatory Vaccination in Italy—A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Pitini Erica , Baccolini Valentina , Rosso Annalisa , Massimi Azzurra , De Vito Corrado , Marzuillo Carolina , Villari Paolo
Published: June 2021

In response to the decline in child vaccination coverage and the subsequent occurrence of large vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks, in 2017 Italy introduced a new law that made ten vaccines mandatory for children aged 0–16 years. The policy change initiated an ongoing debate among the general public, as well as in the political arena and the scientific community, over this major public health concern. Hence, we conducted a survey aimed at assessing Italian public health professionals’ attitudes towards and opinions on mandatory vaccination. A validated online questionnaire was administered to 1350 members of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Among the 1044 responders (response rate 77%), a large majority were in favour of the Italian mandatory vaccination law (91%) and against its repeal (74%). Nevertheless, according to our sample, maintaining a high level of vaccination coverage without the need to mandate would be preferable, and thus efforts to promote vaccine confidence and proactive vaccine uptake are still needed.
Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase III Trials: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheng Haoyue , Peng Zhicheng , Luo Wenliang , Si Shuting , Mo Minjia , Zhou Haibo , Xin Xing , Liu Hui , Yu Yunxian
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines is being promoted worldwide, professionals and common people are very concerned about the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. No published systematic review and meta-analysis has assessed the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines based on data from phase III clinical trials. Therefore, this study has estimated the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines and the differences between vaccine types. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, medRxiv databases and two websites were used to retrieve the studies. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled efficacy and safety with risk ratio (RR). A total of eight studies, seven COVID-19 vaccines and 158,204 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. All the vaccines had a good preventive effect on COVID-19 (RR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.09–0.32), and the mRNA vaccine (RR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.09) was the most effective against COVID-19, while the inactivated vaccine (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19–0.54) was the least. In terms of safety, the risk of overall adverse events showed an increase in the vaccine group after the first (RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.05) or second (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04–2.20) injection. However, compared with the first injection, the risk of local (RR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.02–6.83 vs. RR = 2.25, 95% CI: 0.52–9.75) and systemic (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.46 vs. RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.84–3.01) adverse events decreased after the second injection. As for the mRNA vaccine, the risk of overall adverse events increased significantly, compared with the placebo, no matter whether it was the first (RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.80–1.86) or the second (RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 2.11–2.20) injection. All the COVID-19 vaccines that have published the data of phase III clinical trials have excellent efficacy, and the risk of adverse events is acceptable. The mRNA vaccines were the most effective against COVID-19, meanwhile the risk and grade of adverse events was minimal, compared to that of severe symptoms induced by COVID-19.
Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path?
Authors: Nunez Natalia , Réot Louis , Menu Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

Interactions between the immune system and the microbiome play a crucial role on the human health. These interactions start in the prenatal period and are critical for the maturation of the immune system in newborns and infants. Several factors influence the composition of the infant’s microbiota and subsequently the development of the immune system. They include maternal infection, antibiotic treatment, environmental exposure, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and food introduction. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny of the immune system and its association to microbial colonization from conception to food diversification. In this context, we give an overview of the mother–fetus interactions during pregnancy, the impact of the time of birth and the mode of delivery, the neonate gastrointestinal colonization and the role of breastfeeding, weaning, and food diversification. We further review the impact of the vaccination on the infant’s microbiota and the reciprocal case. Finally, we discuss several potential therapeutic interventions that might help to improve the newborn and infant’s health and their responses to vaccination. Throughout the review, we underline the main scientific questions that are left to be answered and how the non-human primate model could help enlighten the path.
Vaccine Acceptance and Its Influencing Factors: An Online Cross-Sectional Study among International College Students Studying in China
Authors: Walker Anita Nyarkoa , Zhang Ting , Peng Xue-Qing , Ge Jin-Jin , Gu Hai , You Hua
Published: June 2021

Background: With the continuous large-scale development of the COVID-19 vaccine, the acceptance of vaccination and its influencing factors at the individual level have become crucial to stemming the pandemic. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among international college students. Methods: The target population constituted international students pursuing various degrees in Jiangsu Province through an online cross-sectional study. A cluster random sampling was performed using a self-administered questionnaire. The Health Belief Model and Knowledge, Attitude/Beliefs, and Practice Theory served as the underlying theories to understanding the factors that influence vaccine acceptance. Results: We received 330 responses. About 36.4% intended to accept the vaccine. The acceptance varied across respondents’ place of residence, program of study, continent of origin, knowledge, susceptibility, severity, benefits, and cues to action (p < 0.05). A multivariable logistics regression revealed cues to action (p < 0.001), the perception of COVID-19 vaccination benefits (p = 0.002), and the perception of barriers (p < 0.001) that were associated with vaccine acceptance. Conclusions: The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was low among international students. The correct and comprehensive beliefs of the target groups regarding the benefits and barriers of the vaccination must be raised. Various effective social strategies must be adopted to trigger the intention of COVID-19 vaccination. The study findings will inform the decisions of public health campaigners, aimed at reducing vaccine hesitation when the COVID-19 vaccine is widely available.
Simulation-Based Assessment of Parking Constraints for Automated Mobility on Demand: A Case Study of Zurich
Authors: Ruch Claudio , Ehrler Roman , Hörl Sebastian , Balac Milos , Frazzoli Emilio
Published: June 2021

In a coordinated mobility-on-demand system, a fleet of vehicles is controlled by a central unit and serves transportation requests in an on-demand fashion. An emerging field of research aims at finding the best way to operate these systems given certain targets, e.g., customer service level or the minimization of fleet distance. In this work, we introduce a new element of fleet operation: the assignment of idle vehicles to a limited set of parking spots. We present two different parking operating policies governing this process and then evaluate them individually and together on different parking space distributions. We show that even for a highly restricted number of available parking spaces, the system can perform quite well, even though the total fleet distance is increased by 20% and waiting time by 10%. With only one parking space available per vehicle, the waiting times can be reduced by 30% with 20% increase in total fleet distance. Our findings suggest that increasing the parking capacity beyond one parking space per vehicle does not bring additional benefits. Finally, we also highlight possible directions for future research such as to find the best distribution of parking spaces for a given mobility-on-demand system and city.
Effect of Intense Exercise on Plasma Macrominerals and Trace Elements in Lidia Bulls
Authors: Escalera-Valente Francisco , Alonso Marta , Lomillos Juan , Gaudioso Vicente , Alonso Ángel , González-Montaña José
Published: June 2021

Minerals are inorganic substances present in all body tissues and fluids that directly or indirectly influence the maintenance of multiple metabolic processes and, therefore, are essential for the development of various biological functions. The Lidia bull breed may be considered an athlete, as during a bull fight it displays considerable physical effort of great intensity and short duration in a highly stressful situation. The objective of this study was to assess plasma minerals concentration (macro- and microminerals) in Lidia bulls after intense physical exercise during a bull fight. Plasma Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo concentrations were measured in 438 male Lidia bulls. Ca, P and Mg were measured using a Cobas Integra autoanalyzer, while Na and K were determined by ICP-AES, and Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo were measured by ICP-MS. All macrominerals, (Ca: 2.96 ± 0.31, Mg: 1.27 ± 0.17, P: 3.78 ± 0.65, K: 7.50 ± 1.58, Na: 150.15 ± 19.59 in mmol/L), and Cr (1.24 ± 0.58), Ni (0.249 ± 1.07), Cu (22.63 ± 4.84) and Zn (24.14 ± 5.59, in μmol/L) showed greater mean values than the reported reference values in the published literature, while Co (0.041 ± 0.07), Se (0.886 ± 0.21) and Mo (0.111 ± 0.08, in μmol/L) values were lower than those reported for other bovine breeds. These increased concentrations could be justified mainly by muscle cell metabolism, hepatic need to provide energy, and intense dehydration and hemoconcentration by losses through sweat glands or urination.
Observations of Tidal Flat Sedimentation within a Native and an Exotic Spartina Species
Authors: Proença Barbara , Ganthy Florian , Michalet Richard , Sottolichio Aldo
Published: June 2021

Field measurements of bed elevation and related wave events were performed within a tidal marsh, on two cordgrass species, Spartina anglica (exotic) and Spartina maritima (native), in the Bay of Arcachon (SW France). Bed- and water-level time series were used to infer on the sediment behavior patterns from short to long term. A consistent response was found between the bed-level variation and the wave forcing, with erosion occurring during storms and accretion during low energy periods. Such behavior was observed within the two species, but the magnitude of bed-level variation was higher within the native than the exotic Spartina. These differences, in the order of millimeters, were explained by the opposite allocation of biomass of the two species. On the long term, the sedimentation/erosion patterns were dominated by episodic storm events. A general sediment deficit was observed on the site, suggested by an overall bed-level decrease registered within both species. However, further verification of within species variation needs to be considered when drawing conclusions. Despite possible qualitative limitations of the experimental design, due to single point survey, this work provides original and considerable field data to the understanding the different species ability to influence bed sediment stabilization and their potential to build marsh from the mudflat pioneer stage. Such information is valuable for coastal management in the context of global change.
Suspended-Sediment Distribution Patterns in Tide-Dominated Estuaries on the Eastern Amazon Coast: Geomorphic Controls of Turbidity-Maxima Formation
Authors: Gomes Vando J. C. , Asp Nils E. , Siegle Eduardo , Gomes José Diego , Silva Ariane M. M. , Ogston Andrea S. , Nittrouer Charles A.
Published: June 2021

In tide-dominated estuaries, maximum-turbidity zones (MTZs) are common and prominent features, characterized by a peak in suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) associated with estuarine processes. The Brazilian Amazon coast includes many estuaries, experiencing macrotidal conditions. MTZs are expected to occur and are crucial for sediment delivery to the longest continuous mangrove belt of the world. The area is under influence of the Amazon River plume (ARP), the main SSC source, as local rivers do not deliver substantial sediment supply. To assess the processes that allow the ARP to supply sediment to the estuaries and mangrove belt along the Amazon coast, the results from previous individual studies within five Amazon estuaries (Mocajuba, Taperaçu, Caeté, Urumajó and Gurupi) were compared with regards to SSC, salinity, morphology and tidal propagation. This comparison reinforces that these estuaries are subject to similar regional climate and tidal variations, but that their dynamics differ in terms of distance from the Amazon River mouth, importance of the local river sediment source, and morphology of the estuarine setting. The Urumajó, Caeté and Gurupi are hypersynchronous estuaries where perennial, classic MTZs are observed with SSC > 1 g·L−1. This type of estuary results in transport convergence and MTZ formation, which are suggested to be the main processes promoting mud accumulation in the Amazonian estuaries and therefore the main means of mud entrapment in the mangrove belt. The Mocajuba and the Taperaçu estuaries showed synchronous and hyposynchronous processes, respectively, and do not present classic MTZs. In these cases, the proximity to the ARP for the Mocajuba and highly connected tidal channels for the Taperaçu estuary, assure substantial mud supply into these estuaries. This study shows the strong dependence of the estuaries and mangrove belt on sediment supply from the ARP, helping to understand the fate of Amazon River sediments and providing insights into the mechanisms providing sediment to estuaries and mangroves around the world, especially under the influence of big rivers.
Perception of and Motivation for Physical Activity among Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Jakobsen Julie Breinholm Svarrer , Brodersen Josefine Stæhr , Sheikh Zainab Afshan , Nielsen Karoline Kragelund
Published: June 2021

(1) Background: Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This risk can be reduced with lifestyle interventions, including physical activity. However, studies have shown that many women with prior GDM are not physically active. The aim of this study was to investigate the motivation for physical activity among women with prior GDM. (2) Methods: A qualitative study was carried out based on a phenomenological approach using semi-structured individual interviews with nine Danish women between 29 and 36 years of age with a minimum of one earlier GDM-affected pregnancy. (3) Results: Five themes were identified; perception of physical activity, risk perception, emotional distress, competing priorities and social support. The perception of physical activity varied among the women. The GDM diagnosis or the awareness of elevated risk for T2DM did not seem to be a decisive factor for the women’s motivation to be active. Competing priorities, including being in control of everyday life choices and support from social relations, were found to be important motivational factors. (4) Conclusion: Future interventions for women with prior GDM to increase motivation for physical activity should be compatible with and take into account the women’s perceptions, earlier lived experiences, possible competing priorities and support systems.
Experimental modeling and pathomorphological picture of dosed acute traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kuznetsova Kseniya Vyacheslavovna , Zhuravskaya Nataliya Vladimirovna , Barskov Igor Valentinovich , Slyusar Olga Ivanovna , Taktarov Vladimir Germanovich
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, there has been a wide spread of open traumatic brain injury (TBI) closely associated with an increase in the pace of life, rise in the number of high-speed vehicles, industrialization, as well as such phenomena as terrorism and local military conflicts. The problem of diagnostics and effective treatment of traumatic brain injury is one of the most important for ambulance doctors, doctors of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and neurosurgeons in providing timely qualified assistance, and is also of interest for modern medical science for further studying pathological processes and preventing the development of complications in this pathology.
Possible scenarios for European monetary policy in 2021
Authors: Polyakova Yulia Alekseevna
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the proposed directions (scenarios) of fi ne-tuning of monetary policy of the European Union and the likely consequences of global pandemic volatility. The article also points to the need to continue to reform the European monetary policy, particularly considering the role of the euro in the modern system of international fi nance, the EU debt problems and competition with the U.S. dollar. The widespread prevalence of COVID-19 and the related periods of self-isolation and lockdowns have exacerbated monetary and fi nancial problems even in the world’s leading countries such as the European Union. The solution of monetary problems in its multi-level structure is entrusted to the European Central Bank, which acts as a regional (and at the same time supranational) regulator of the monetary and fi nancial sphere at the system level. The pursued unconventional monetary policy, aimed at getting out of the prolonged recession and defl ation, is facing new challenges, including those of a global nature. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the current situation and identify the real reasons that prevent the achievement of these goals. The author comes to conclusion that they can be classifi ed into external and internal causes, exogenous and endogenous, fundamental and force majeure. However, the coronavirus formally related to the latter, as it seems in view of the onset of the second wave and the projected third, can, to a certain extent, be considered a hybrid one, beginning to exert a comprehensive infl uence, aff ecting all spheres of human activity and certainly monetary and fi nancial sphere as well. Exchange rates are becoming more volatile, and traditional measures to regulate them are no longer eff ective. Consequently, the need to fi nd new approaches to monetary policy, especially for the European Union, with its becoming permanent debt problems, capital under-regulation and unfi nished regional currency digitalization, is becoming increasingly evident.
Anti-crisis management of large public catering chains
Authors: Mashin Dmitrii Vasilyevich
Published: June 2021

Against the background of the conducted research, it was found out that the theoretical base in the fi eld of crisis management is not suffi ciently developed to understand the modern practice of managing large public catering networks in a crisis. In our opinion, this aspect may be the cause of errors on the part of managers managing large catering chains and the likelihood of elimination from the market. Not only since the coronavirus pandemic, authorities and auditors have been demanding that catering establishments have a crisis concept. In the event of a crisis, the company can quickly reach its limits. Most often, it is too late to look for a solution only when it leads to stress and, as a result, to chaotic consequences. Those catering establishments that take precautions and have created a suitable concept in advance have an advantage and can respond objectively and purposefully. The corona pandemic has shown what complex problems need to be addressed and what uncertainties this leads to. Only wellinformed managers can successfully lead a catering company and employees out of a crisis. Among food service businesses around the world that have weathered the corona crisis well, fl exibility has been a crucial success factor. Flexible food service companies quickly adapted their business model to the changing behavior of consumers during the crisis. This allowed them to maintain their sales and ensure their existence after the crisis. Some restaurateurs have been able to gain a competitive advantage through fl exibility and quick response, and even attract new customers. The article deals with the issues of anti-crisis management of large public catering networks and develops a comprehensive system of measures aimed at anticrisis management of large public catering networks.
Tools for promoting educational services in the field of labor protection
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University., Aliyeva Nadiya Rustemovna
Published: June 2021

Тhe article discusses the tools for promoting educational services in the field of labor protection. The purpose of the work is to analyze the essential technologies for the communication promotion of educational services in the field of labor protection. The article considered the foreign and Russian experience in promoting services in the field of labor protection. Methods used in the analysis: expert interview, observation, case study. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that, in addition to traditional methods of promotion, Internet marketing tools are used to promote educational services in the field of labor protection.
Linguistic specificity of Russian YouTube-blogs that deal with feministic issues
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University., Shashlova Sofya S.
Published: June 2021

the article discusses lexical form of Russian YouTube-blogs covering issues of feminism. The actuality of the theme is determined by the popularity of feminism in modern Russian media. We believe that the aspect of lexical form has a special meaning in the analyzed texts and it is determined by their aim of impact.
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR IDENTIFYING THE EXECUTORS OF HANDWRITTEN DOCUMENTS
Authors: Desiatnyk A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the issues of studying the concept of written language, which is understood as the semantic side of the written exchange of information, expressed through the system of language and graphic skills, and considers the periods of the formation of written language.
The author represents the sides of written language as follows: semantic, formal-linguistic, graphic and its influence on the executor of the manuscript. The concept of written language of an individual is defined, which is understood as a compound self-regulating system, the basis of the functioning of which is a complex of various language skills and means (stylistic, lexical, grammatical). There are given a number of language skills that play a primary and secondary role in the process of executing handwritten text by a certain person.
The usefulness, and to some extent the necessity, of a comprehensive study of handwriting signs (motor skills) and signs of writing (mental skills) is noted.
The article reveals the possibilities of using written language in forensic examination, and offers the concept of signs of written language. The author notes the classification of signs of written language, which is understood as a system of signs of written language, where all the main characteristics of linguistic means are recorded, in order to solve identification, diagnostic and classification problems. The influence of the signs of written language on the identifying the author (performer) of the manuscript is noted, which expands the possibility of giving a correct and reasonable conclusion of the expert.
TO THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE MARKET VALUE OF COMPANY SHARES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC EXAMINATION
Authors: Mamikonyan K.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for determining the market value of the company’s shares within the framework of financial and economic examination. The article reveals the main features of using a set of approaches for determining the market value of shares included in the cost method. The factors influencing the market value of shares are also given, which are mainly taken into account by an expert in the course of determining the market value of a company’s shares in the production of financial and economic examinations.
CORRUPTION IN THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMY OF UKRAINE: CURRENT STATUS AND TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Kofanov A. , Pavlovska N. , Kulyk M. , Tereshchenko Yu. , Strilets H.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with a number of issues of investigation and prevention of corruption crimes in the field of public administration. The purpose of this paper is to analyze challenges in investigating and preventing corruption crimes in the field of public administration. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the variety of forms of bribery, its penetration into various spheres of activity: economic, financial, entrepreneurial, educational, requires new ways to prevent and counteract these criminal manifestations, the creation of pragmatic recommendations aimed at improving their prevention and investigation.
The study was carried out based on the method of system analysis and generalization of information obtained in the course of the study, questionnaires of different categories of law enforcement officers. They conduct pre-trial investigation of these crimes, as well as reports of the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, and Forensic Science Institutes of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine for 2016-2019, the legal framework on liability for corruption offenses.
The most relevant motives and methods of committing corruption crimes have been analyzed and it has been established that bribery and corruption rank first among economic crimes, and the high level of corruption of state bodies in various spheres of public life contributes to the increase in the number of such crimes. The study found that civil servants through abuse of office, as well as obtaining undue benefits predominantly commit corruption crimes.
The ways of improving the forms of combating corruption in public authorities are proposed, which will reduce the level of corruption in the public administration system, in particular, the implementation of measures aimed at enhancing information exchange between non-governmental organizations, the media, the public and local authorities, and public authorities.
Preliminary report on the geology of Bjørneøer, Scoresby Sund
Authors: Kalsbeek F.
Published: June 2021

The Bjørneøer in Scoresby Sund consist almost entirely of migmatites and granites. Locally well preserved metasedimentary rocks also occur (well bedded paragneisses, quartzites, marbles, mica schists). Three generations of granite ean be discerned. Migmatitic granites were generated during a long time span. Basic, intermediate and acid intrusive rocks occur both as larger bodies and as dykes, and were emplaced synand late-migmatitically. Younger granites postdate the migmatisation. There have probably been at least two phases of folding. The foliation and local isoclinal folds were formed before the migmatisation under low pressure granulite facies conditions (characteristic minerals are cordierite and hypersthene). Migmatisation took place under granulite facies and amphibolite facies conditions. Large faults have not been found, but young crush zones are common. No indications of mineralisation were observed.
Late Precambrian microfossils from Peary Land
Authors: Pedersen K.R
Published: June 2021

Examinations of a black chert from the late Precambrium (Eocambrium) of the southern part of Peary Land have revealed several types of microfossils, some of which show affinities to a flora of about the same age from Australia. During the summer of 1968 the Precambrian and Eocambrian sediments of Jørgen Brønlund Fjord area in southern Peary Land were studied by Jepsen (1969), who brought home the chert sample examined.
Field work between Tunugdliarfik and Tasiussaq
Authors: Emeleus C.H , Stephenson D
Published: June 2021

Major sinistral transcurrent fauIts cut the Igaliko nepheline syenites and associated dykes between Tunugdliarfik and Qoroq, and east of Qoroq (Emeleus & Harry, in press, plate 4). Investigations by V. Poulsen, H. G. Scharbert and J. W. Stewart have shown that the Gardar dykes and earlier rocks are extensively faulted in a zone about 5 km wide, striking approximately east-west between Tunugdliarfik and Tasiussaq (fig. 3). In 1969 field work was undertaken to see whether it was possibie to correlate the fauIts near Qagssiarssuk with those affecting the nepheline syenites of the South Qoroq Centre and the associated dykes. Some additional observations were also made an the dyke swarm south-west of Qagssiarssuk.
Preliminary report on the core drillings in the radioactive rocks of Kvanefjeld in the Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Nielsen B.L
Published: June 2021

During the summer of 1969 seven core drillings were made on Kvanefjeld in the Ilímaussaq intrusion in an attempt to determine the geological relations of the U- and Th-bearing rocks (Sørensen, 1969). Prior to this investigation, 36 holes had been drilled in 1958 and 1962. A detailed geological map has been published (Sørensen, Hansen & Bondesen, 1969) and a series of surface radiometric investigations have been made in the area concerned.
The International Hydrological Decade Programme in Narssaq river valley, South Greenland
Authors: Larsen L.B
Published: June 2021

The Hydrological Decade Programme in Narssaq river valley started in 1965. In 1966 and 1967 work was concentrated on establishment of decade stations in order to collect data concerning precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration and reservoirs. Collection of these basic data is of major importance for the calculation of the water balance and at the end of the summer 1969 these parameters were being investigated as follows: Mean precipitation is to be calculated from 6 precipitation gauges placed in the 33 km2 area according to the topography.
Field investigations in the Ketilidian rocks of the Nanortalik–Tasermiut region
Authors: Allaart J.H
Published: June 2021

Before finishing the compilation of the anortalik sheet it had become necessary to check several things. Because of bad ice conditions during the summers of 1968 and 1969 it was only possibie to visit the area between Tasermiut fjord and the northwestern boundary of the Ketilidian sedimentary basin with the old reactivated basement in this part of Greenland, situated along Søndre Sermilik Gord and across the north-westernmost part of Sermersôq.
Preliminary account of the geology of south-east Renland, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
Authors: Chadwick B
Published: June 2021

South-east Renland occupies an internal position in the Caledonian orogenic belt of East Greenland. The area comprises migmatised paragneisses ofCaledonian supracrustal origin intruded by concordant sheets of garnetiferous augen granite in the west. The gneisses and granites are folded in large-scale, tight to isoc1inal folds. Intermediate igneous rocks with charnockitic affinity were intruded after the folding. The principal intrusion is an extensive, concordant sheet delimiting an area of gneisses in the east that have undergone further migmatisation and granite intrusion. Prominent among the many fractures are normal faults with downthrow to the east. No indications of economic mineralisation were observed.
Preliminary results of mapping the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments of Milne Land
Authors: Håkansson E , Birkelund T , Heinberg C , Willumsen P
Published: June 2021

The Mesozoic sediments of eastern Milne Land were mapped during the 1970 field season (map 2). The Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous sequence of this area has been studied previously mainly by Rosenkrantz (1929), Aldinger (1935) and Callomon (1961). The rich faunas from the area have been described by Spath (1935, 1936) and Donovan (1964).
Preliminary results of mapping in Liverpool Land, East Greenland
Authors: Coe K , Cheeney R.F
Published: June 2021

The Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) began mapping in Liverpool Land in 1969 with two geologists, operating mostly from coast camps in Hurry Inlet. The basic survey on the scale of 1:50 000 was completed by five teams in 1971. The inset to the map (map 1) shows the division of responsibility for the areas mapped. Previous work in the area was of variable assistance. Observations by Nathorst (1901) and Nordenskjold (1907) were superficial, but Kranck's general survey (1935) proved very valuable. Kleiber (1944) reported accurately on coast traverses in the northern and north-western parts and Blitler (1957), using a more modern approach, made a valuable contribution, but restricted himself to the younger, non-metamorphosed sediments.
The geochronology of the Scoresby Sund area Progress report 3: zircon ages
Authors: Steiger R.H , Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The crystalline complex around Nordvestfjord was mapped in 1968 and 1969 (Henriksen & Higgins, 1969, 1970) and a number of geological key samples from this area were collected for zircon age determinations. In order to avoid polymetamorphie rocks, mainly granites were colleeted for this purpose. Up to now more than 15 zircon fractions from four localities have been analysed and the preliminary results for three of these are discussed in this report. The actual age determinations have been carried out at the "Institut für Kristallographie und Petrographie" of the "Eidg. Teehnische Hochsehule" in Zurich.
Offshore geology of northern West Greenland (69° to 75°N)
Authors: Denham L.R
Published: June 2021

A continuous basin is present offshore, with a maximum thickness varying with latitude from less than 2 km to more than 10 km. The age of the sediments is unknown, but they probably range from Tertiary down to at least Jurassic, and there is some evidence for Palaeozoic ages. The offshore basin is separated by a basement ridge from the onshore basin, and the offshore extension of the Tertiary volcanics is smaller than previously thought. Petroleum potential of the area is good, but limited by a scarcity of structural traps and by severe ice conditions.
Lower Cambrian fossils from Nyeboe Land, North Greenland fold belt
Authors: Peel J.S
Published: June 2021

Reconnaissance mapping and collecting was carried out in the Robeson Channel area of North Greenland during 1965-66 by P. R. Dawes and J. H. Allaart as part of Operation Grant Land. Within the fold belt in Nyeboe Land a major strike fault system separates a northern unit of limestones, slates and sandstones from a less-severely deformed calcareous greywacke and shale sequence of probable Silurian age.
Field work on the very early Precambrian rocks of the Isua area, southern West Greenland
Authors: Bridgwater D , McGregor V.R
Published: June 2021

During the regional mapping programme in the Godthåbsfjord region (see Bridgwater & McGregor, this report p. 39) D.B. and V.R.M. spent 14 days in the Isua area near the margin of the Inland lce, approximately 150 km north-east of Godthåb, in order to examine the Isua supracrustal suite and to determine its relation to the surrounding gneisses and to the geology of Godthåbsfjord.
Mapping of the Precambrian basement in the Buksefjorden region, southern West Greenland
Authors: Chadwick B , Coe K , Gibbs A.D , Sharpe M.R , Wells P.R.A
Published: June 2021

The summer of 1973, the second of a six-year series of field studies by teams from the University of Exeter, saw the completion of 1:20 000 mapping of the coast region from Ameralik (Narssaq-Præstefjord) south to Sermilik, i.e. approximately between latitudes 64°N to 63°30'N. The area mapped in detail, which excludes the Qilángârssuit island complex, extends inland for about 10 km. A.D.G. mapped the ground between Ameralik and Buksefjorden, M.R.S. mapped from south of Buksefjorden to, and including, the Tre Brødre anorthosite complex, B.C. covered most of the ground between Tre Brødre and Amitsuarssugssuaq, including Sanerata tima, and P.R.A.W. began work in the area between Alangordlia and Sermilik. B.C. also spent a week at the end of the season making a reconnaissance of Qilángârssuit.
K/Ar age determinations on Mesozoic lamprophyre dykes near Ravns Storø, Fiskenæsset region, southern West Greenland
Authors: Hansen K , Larsen O
Published: June 2021

Three K/Ar age determinations have been made by O. L. on the lamprophyre dykes cutting the Precambrian crystalline basement in the Ravns Storø area of southern West Greenland. The samples were collected by Clark Friend and Lars Skov Andersen during GGU's regional team mapping programme. The petrology of the dykes is the subject of a special study by one of us (K. H.).
The age of the Ilivertalik granite in the Fiskenæsset area
Authors: Pidgeon R.T , Aftalion M , Kalsbeek F
Published: June 2021

The Ilivertalik granite has been briefly described by Kalsbeek & Myers (1973). It forms the mountain of Ilivertalik north-west of Midgård and consists mainly of a very homogeneous, relatively coarse grained brownish-weathering, hypersthene- bearing augen gneiss of granitic composition. The object of this paper is to present the results of a zircon U-Pb geochronological study of the granite and to discuss the significance of the results in terms of the regional geology and previous geochronology.