bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Robotic Surgery Objective Performance Indicators: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gerull William D , Kulason Sue , Shields Mallory C , Yee Andrew , Awad Michael M
Published: September 2024

Objective intraoperative performance metrics are a new resource for the field of surgical data science. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review to analyze the existing literature on robotic surgical objective performance indicators (OPIs). OPIs have been used to assess surgical skill and provide automated, objective feedback in multiple settings. Clinically, OPIs have been used to predict postoperative patient outcomes and measure intraoperative efficiency. OPIs have shown promise in preliminary surgical education and patient outcomes-related studies, and further multicenter collaborative research will be imperative to validate the use of OPIs in the field of surgery.
Pseudohoeflea coraliihabitans sp. nov., a poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-producing, halotolerant bacterium isolated from coral sediment in the Dapeng peninsula (Guangdong, China)
Authors: Yu Sheng-yang , Lu Xiao-juan , Zhang Meng-jun , Luan Sheng-ji , Huang Yi , Zheng Wei-shuang
Published: September 2024

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, flagellated, rod-shaped, halotolerant, and poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium, designated DP4N28-3T, was isolated from offshore sediment surrounding hard coral in the Dapeng peninsula (Guangdong, PR China). Growth occurred at 15–35 °C (optimal at 30 °C), pH 6.0–9.5 (optimal at 6.0–7.0), and 0.0–30.0 % NaCl concentration (w/v, optimal at 0.0–2.0 %), showing halotolerance. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, five housekeeping genes, and genome sequences identified Pseudohoeflea suaedae DSM 23348T (98.1 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) as the most related species to strain DP4N28-3T. Average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values between strain DP4N28-3T and P. suaedae DSM 23348T were all below the threshold of species demarcation. Major phenotypic differences were the flagella type and the limited sources of single carbon utilization by strain DP4N28-3T, which only included acetic acid, acetoacetic acid, d-glucuronic acid, and glucuronamide. Strain DP4N28-3T harboured the class I poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate synthase gene (phaC) and produced poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. The fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
 ω6c and/or C18 : 1
 ω7c, 49.4 %) and C16 : 0 (13.4 %). The major cellular polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. The respiratory quinone was Q-10. The results of the phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the isolated strain represents the type strain of a novel species. Based on these results, strain DP4N28-3T (=MCCC 1K05639T=KCTC 82803T) is proposed as the type strain of the novel species Pseudohoeflea coraliihabitans sp. nov.
Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Polaribacter undariae as a later heterotypic synonym of Polaribacter sejongensis, and emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis Kim et al. 2013
Authors: Baek Ju Hye , Butt Mahrukh , Han Dong Min , Kim Jeong Min , Choi Seohui , Jeon Che Ok
Published: September 2024

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as strain MSW5T, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. The cells were non-motile rods exhibiting oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15–25 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 1.0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Menaquinone-6 was the sole respiratory quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
 ω7c and/or C16 : 1
 ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and C15 : 1
 ω6c were the major cellular fatty acids. Major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 92 concatenated core protein sequences revealed that strain MSW5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Polaribacter. The genome of strain MSW5T was 3582 kb in size with a 29.1 mol% G+C content. Strain MSW5T exhibited the highest similarity to Polaribacter atrinae WP25T, with a 97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 79.4 and 23.3%, respectively, indicating that strain MSW5T represents a novel species. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MSW5T is proposed to represent a novel species, with the name Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov. The type strain is MSW5T (=KACC 22340T=NBRC 116025T). In addition, whole genome sequence comparisons and phenotypic features suggested that Polaribacter sejongensis and Polaribacter undariae belong to the same species, with P. undariae proposed as a later heterotypic synonym of P. sejongensis. An emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis is also proposed.
Modulatory Effects of M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Inflammatory Profiles of Human Memory T Helper Cells
Authors: Gholizadeh Fatemeh , Hajiaghayi Mehri , Choi Jennifer S. , Little Samuel R. , Rahbari Niloufar , Brotto Kelly , Han Eric , Shih Steve C.C. , Darlington Peter J.
Published: September 2024

Memory T helper (Th) cells, generated after immunogenic challenge, are crucial in directing the adaptive immune response. Muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) subtypes expressed by immune cells can be stimulated with acetylcholine or muscarinic-selective drug oxotremorine-M. Cholinergic signaling can influence immune cells, but it is not known how cholinergic stimuli regulate memory Th cells. This study focused on the role of mAChRs, specifically the M3 muscarinic ACh receptor (M3R), in the cytokine profile and NF-κB p65 activity of primary human memory Th cells.

Memory Th cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RA-CD45RO+) were isolated from healthy participants’ peripheral blood. Cell culture was performed with anti-CD3/anti-CD28/anti-CD2 reagent, oxotremorine-M (M1R-M5R agonist), atropine (M1R-M5R antagonist), and J104129 (M3R-selective antagonist). MR1-MR5 genesCHRM1-CHRM5were measured with RT-qPCR. Protein expression of M3R and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were quantified by Western blot. The secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-4 was assessed by ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry.CHRM3, encoding M3R, was knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting.

Memory Th cells expressed all five mAChR subtypes. Oxotremorine-M increased IFN-γ and IL-17A while reducing IL-4 in an atropine-sensitive manner. Stimulation of mAChRs in cells withCHRM3-knockout or M3R blockade prevented increases in IFN-γ and IL-17A but continued to inhibit IL-4. mAChR stimulation enhanced NF-κB p65 activity without affecting cell proliferation, viability, or M3R expression.

This investigation demonstrates that muscarinic signaling increases the pro-inflammatory profile of memory Th cells, including NF-κB p65, IFN-γ, and IL-17A, with a reduction in IL-4. Focusing on M3R blockers could modulate adaptive immune responses and alleviate immune-related conditions.
Cost-benefit analysis across smallholder rice farmers reveals that existing fertilization practices severely compromise their income
Authors: Chen Junjiang , Mola Magkdi , Liu Xing , Lee Tien Ming , Monokrousos Nikolaos , Veresoglou Stavros D
Published: September 2024

Modernizing agricultural practices of smallholder farmers can increase considerably global food produce. Smallholder farmers are, nevertheless, often unwilling to adopt practices unfamiliar to them. Increases in the cost of fertilizers, can nonetheless render existing practices unsustainable, raising concerns of food injustice. We addressed here the potential to which we can increase yield through popularizing existing best practice agricultural approaches. We worked over a network of 40 smallholder farmers in the Danxia Mountain region, Guangdong province, China. We divided them into two crop-rotation treatments and gave them the freedom to implement agricultural management practices the way they usually do. We subsequently clustered them into three groups based on the management history. Over the final growth season, on which the clustering was based, there was an over 30% increase in crop yield between the most and the least efficient clusters. More importantly we show that the use of fertilizers not only did not promote rice production but it also had adverse effects. We finally present a cost-benefit analysis. Through familiarizing of the smallholder farmers` existing management practices, policy makers could make integrating new farming guidelines easier to adopt than purely dishing out modern farming practice recommendations. We thus propose that any attempts to transition agricultural practices should involve the extensive monitoring of existing practices at the very beginning. This should effectively close existing yield gaps in relation to industrial farmers.
flt1 inactivation promotes zebrafish cardiac regeneration by enhancing endothelial activity and limiting the fibrotic response
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Mehra Armaan , Wang Quian-Chen , Gupta Savita , Ribeiro da Silva Agatha , Juan Thomas , Gunther Stephan , Detleffsen Jan , Looso Mario , Stainier Didier Y.R. , Marin-Juez Ruben
Published: September 2024

VEGFA administration has been explored as a pro-angiogenic therapy for cardiovascular diseases including heart failure for several years, but with little success. Here we investigate a different approach to augment VEGFA bioavailability: by deleting the VEGFA decoy receptor VEGFR1/FLT1, one can achieve more physiological VEGFA concentrations. We find that following cryoinjury, zebrafishflt1mutant hearts display enhanced coronary revascularization and endocardial expansion, increased cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation, and decreased scarring. Suppressing Vegfa signaling inflt1mutants abrogates these beneficial effects offlt1deletion. Transcriptomic analyses of cryoinjured flt1 mutant hearts reveal enhanced endothelial MAPK/ERK signaling and downregulation of the transcription factor geneegr3. Using newly generated genetic tools, we observeegr3upregulation in the regenerating endocardium, and find that Egr3 promotes myofibroblast differentiation. These data indicate that with enhanced Vegfa bioavailability, the endocardium limits myofibroblast differentiation viaegr3downregulation, thereby providing a more permissive microenvironment for cardiomyocyte replenishment after injury.
Effective light-induced Hamiltonian for atoms with large nuclear spin
Authors: Burba D. , Dunikowski H. , Robert-de-Saint-Vincent M. , Witkowska E. , Juzeliūnas G.
Published: September 2024

Ultracold fermionic atoms, having two valence electrons, exhibit a distinctive internal state structure, wherein the nuclear spin becomes decoupled from the electronic degrees of freedom in the ground electronic state. Consequently, the nuclear spin states are well isolated from the environment, rendering these atomic systems an opportune platform for quantum computation and quantum simulations. Coupling with off-resonance light is an essential tool to selectively and coherently manipulate the nuclear spin states. In this paper, we present a systematic derivation of the effective Hamiltonian for the nuclear spin states of ultracold fermionic atoms due to such an off-resonance light. We obtain compact expressions for the scalar, vector, and tensor light shifts taking into account both linear and quadratic contributions to the hyperfine splitting. The analysis has been carried out using the Green operator approach and solving the corresponding Dyson equation. Finally, we analyze different scenarios of light configurations which lead to the vector- and tensor-light shifts, as well as the pure spin-orbit coupling for the nuclear spin.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Effect of education on crop insurance knowledge: evidence from a RCT in China
Authors: Yan Feier , Yi Fujin , Chen Huang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the effect of education on crop insurance knowledge within the context of noncompliance experiences. In addition, the study delves into the role of government endorsement in education, which is instructive for the implementation of future insurance promotions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study designs a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 518 sample farmers were randomly assigned to two experiments: The Education Experiment and the government’s Endorsement Experiment, respectively. After conducting a set of rigorous exogeneity tests, econometric analysis was conducted using baseline survey data and post experiment data.

Findings

Our results revealed that insurance education served as an effective tool in improving farmers’ insurance knowledge, especially their understanding of insurance mechanisms. However, this effect can be mitigated by the noncompliant insurance experience of farmers. Moreover, government-endorsed education proved to be more efficient in improving farmers’ insurance knowledge, thus highlighting the significance of building trust between insureds and insurers.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that using a simple education tool, such as, brochures, can effectively improve farmers insurance knowledge. In addition, insurance mechanisms are now more urgently in need of universalization than policy information. Furthermore, by conducting the RCT, this study obtains unbiased causal inference on the effect of education on insurance knowledge and underscores the role of government endorsement in this process. In addition, the study illustrates the tradeoff between insurers’ efforts in enhancing education and regulating noncompliant insurance misconducts, which compromises education efforts. Overall, this study provides insights into the marketing strategies of insurers and government propaganda aimed at stimulating farmers’ incentives to purchase insurance.
Green supply chain management in Thai service organizations
Authors: Bandoophanit Thianthip
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to critically examine the implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in service organizations in Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

This study observed 17 service organizations in the private, government, state and non-profit sectors. The multiple case study method was used, including semi-structured interviews, observations and documentation. The data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis methods. Abductive reasoning was used to explain new findings that do not align with prior theories.

Findings

A total of 13 of the 17 cases studied had environmental management systems (EMS). Four were GSCM-proactive and moving toward sustainable sufficiency by involving nearby communities in their service delivery. Although regulations and policies from their head offices were key pressures, leaders with high commitment and eco-awareness achieved outstanding success. Instances of greenwashing and fraud were evident among four non-adopters, one of whom was an environmental regulator.

Research limitations/implications

This study acknowledges that leader commitment and high eco-awareness are the most powerful factors. However, the limited timeframe did not allow a deeper exploration of how to create a socially responsible leader. While the openness of information was evident from the best practitioners, non-adopters did not share any eco-certification or reports. They did not allow the researcher to contact other potential respondents apart from the arranged interview sessions. However, correct data were obtained when the answers were contradictory and one(s) told the truth.

Practical implications

A sustainable and sufficient service supply chain model and new equation were proposed, embracing stakeholders such as society, regulators and employees. Recommended practical strategies include green procurement, reduced utility use and reverse logistics (3Rs and 5Ss).

Originality/value

In the GSCM theory, while the manufacturing sector focuses on economics and the environment, green practices in the service sector address social concerns. This study establishes connections between four concepts: EMS-founded GSCM, leading to repeated use of materials in a circular economy (CE). CE is thus the pathway to reducing consumption and achieving real happiness through a sufficiency economy philosophy (SEP).
Empowering waqf (Islamic endowment) entrepreneurs: a study of the key motivational factors underlying waqf-based entrepreneurship in Indonesia
Authors: Maulina Rindawati , Dhewanto Wawan , Faturohman Taufik , Nur Azis Imam
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the understudied topic of Islamic entrepreneurship by adapting the framework of waqf-based entrepreneurship to identify the crucial factors driving waqf-based entrepreneurs’ motivation.

Design/methodology/approach

A partial least squares structural equation model was used to validate the hypotheses, and in-depth interviews were conducted to gain deeper insights into the findings.

Findings

The key findings revealed that self-commitment, entrepreneurial skills and family support exert a significant and positive influence on waqfpreneurs’ motivation to engage in waqf-based entrepreneurship, with self-commitment playing a mediating role between self-actualisation and waqfpreneurial motivation. Additionally, the study proposes categorisations of waqfpreneurs based on the volume of waqf funds managed; their capacity to execute waqf-based entrepreneurship; and institutional performance metrics.

Research limitations/implications

The limited sample size restricts the generalisability of the study. Future research should use a larger sample to generate more broadly applicable results. In addition, the methodology can be replicated in other countries to identify new factors influencing waqfpreneurs’ motivation or to uncover aspects not explored in this research. Future studies could also use qualitative methodologies such as grounded theory, ethnography or case studies. This would allow for a deeper exploration of motivational factors not yet captured, directly from the lived experiences of waqfpreneurs/nazhirs.

Practical implications

The study provides evidence of the key factors that influence waqf-based entrepreneurship, contributing to the literature on entrepreneurship and waqf. It also offers valuable insights for the government and other stakeholders into strategies to motivate waqf-based entrepreneurs, ultimately fostering the development of waqf assets, value creation and sustainable waqf benefit distribution.

Originality/value

The study aims to address the lack of research on Islamic entrepreneurship by specifically modifying the framework of waqf-based entrepreneurship to investigate the key factors that influence individuals’ motivation to conduct waqf-based entrepreneurship and management activities.
“Happyfly” – an online intervention to improve the art-of-living and well-being among flight attendants
Authors: Schwarz Mira , Müller Lara Greta , Schmitz Bernhard
Published: September 2024

Purpose

It is inherent in human nature to pursue a fulfilling life. The art-of-living approach provides strategies to help individuals attain higher well-being. Based on current research approaches on the art-of-living, we aimed to develop, implement and evaluate an online training that enhances art-of-living and well-being scores of flight attendants.

Design/methodology/approach

The training focused on six art-of-living components – self-knowledge, savoring, bodily care, coping with events, positive attitude toward life and serenity. In total, 94 participants were randomly assigned to 3-day (n = 34) or 9-day (n = 30) training groups or to 2 corresponding control groups (CGs) (n = 30). Art-of-living and well-being were measured using self-reported questionnaires at pre-intervention, post-intervention and two-week follow-up.

Findings

Results showed significant pre-post differences in art-of-living and well-being scores in both experimental groups, while scores for the CGs remained stable across assessments. Intervention effects were sustained over the two-week follow-up period. We found no significant differences in efficacy between the shorter and longer training, suggesting that brief training can be effective.

Practical implications

These results demonstrate that well-being can be enhanced through online art-of-living training, which is promising in terms of the practical implementation of such training in resource-constrained work environments.

Originality/value

The presented, conducted and evaluated work intervention represents the first study to apply the multi-component approach of “art-of-living” in an online setting, comparing two trainings of varying durations. This approach offers a framework perfectly suited for future implementation in flight attendants’ work settings to increase well-being and a possible subsequent implementation in other professional groups that would benefit from online training (e.g. in a hybrid work context).
Improvisation and strategy: lessons learned from supporting young digital makers in a fully online makerspace club for collaborative game design
Authors: Xia Yu , Yan Shulong , Jiang Mengying
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The rapid emergency remote teaching has moved informal learning programs online including makerspaces, which has created an opportunity for harnessing the benefits of virtual makerspaces. This study reports on findings from three club designers and facilitators’ reflections on a fully virtual maker club offered in the summer of 2023. This paper aims to inform practitioners of the potential challenges and strategies to resolve various issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Reflective video journaling was conducted by facilitators. Videos were transcribed and analyzed for observations, learning events, challenges and strategies.

Findings

Findings present strategies adopted to address problems during implementation and a checklist for practitioners. The problems are associated with the learning environments, technology tools and student participation. The authors adopted in-the-moment and short-term strategies to tackle the problems and long-term strategies that bear implications for future virtual makerspaces.

Practical implications

This paper can provide direct guidance to practitioners in schools, libraries, museums, etc., who plan to offer informal collaborative learning for children online. It prepares practitioners for the potential challenges and equip them with concrete strategies and questions.

Social implications

Fully virtual makerspaces have the potential to reach a wider range of audience.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to report the reflective findings on a fully virtual makerspace club that comprehensively covers challenges and strategies before, during and after the club, which has direct implications for future offerings of such programs.
A visit to the past through historic cafés and botequins: a comparison between Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Palrão Teresa , Madeira Arlindo , Lavandoski Joice , Rodrigues Rosa , Lopes Sofia
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Explore the role of traditional cafés in Lisbon and botequins in Rio de Janeiro in the history and culture of their respective cities, based on an analysis of the comments published on TripAdvisor.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a mixed methodology, 7,430 evaluations were analyzed, of which 5,473 were for Portuguese cafés and 1,957 for Brazilian botequins. A content analysis and statistical treatment were carried out. A line-by-line analysis was also conducted to code the emotions reported in the customer reviews.

Findings

The analysis categorized the comments into Gastronomy, Nostalgia, History and Heritage, and Quality of Service. Nostalgia garnered the highest percentage of positive comments for both Portuguese cafés and Brazilian botequins. These results emphasize the importance attached to sentimental connections and historical narratives, particularly those associated with notable individuals who frequented these places. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were identified according to the type of establishment, which suggests a consistent pattern between cafés and traditional botequins.

Practical implications

Draws attention to the importance of a collaborative partnership between restaurant owners and tourism authorities. This strategic alliance not only serves to raise the cultural profile of cities, but also generates substantial economic benefits. It also ensures the lasting legacy of these historic establishments, celebrating the past, enriching the present and safeguarding the future.

Originality/value

Studying the cafés of Lisbon and the botequins of Brazil is important not only for understanding the history and culture of these countries but also for analyzing issues related to socialization, identity, artistic expression and urban transformations.
Income inequality, unemployment, and government transfer: what do their dynamics tell us
Authors: Ahmed Haydory Akbar , Shadmani Hedieh
Published: September 2024

Purpose

In this research, we explore the dynamics among measures of income inequality in the USA, male and female unemployment rates and growth in government transfer using time series data.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts a macro-econometric approach to estimate a structural VAR model using time series data.

Findings

Our structural impulse responses found that growth in government transfer increases unemployment rates for both males and females. Female income inequality declines with increased government transfer. When the female income ratio rises, we observe that government transfer outlays fall over the forecast horizon. Variance decomposition finds that growth in government transfers is impacted by the male unemployment rate relatively more than the female unemployment rate. This research, therefore, suggests gender-specific government transfers to reduce income inequality. This, in effect, may reduce government transfer outlays over time.

Practical implications

This research, therefore, suggests gender-specific government transfers to reduce income inequality. This, in effect, may reduce government transfer outlays over time.

Originality/value

This research investigates the dynamics among income inequality, government transfer and unemployment rates. There is a dearth of research articles that adopt a macro-econometric in this area.
Quality of care transitions from hospital to home for COVID-19 patients discharged from Brazilian university hospitals
Authors: Wachholz Laísa Fischer , Cechinel-Peiter Caroline , Costa Maria Fernanda Baeta Neves Alonso da , Acosta Aline Marques , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Santos José Luis Guedes dos , Backman Chantal , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To analyze the quality of transitional care for patients with COVID-19 at discharge from Brazilian university hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in five Brazilian university hospitals between April and December 2021. The sample consisted of 527 participants. Data collection consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15), a care transition assessment instrument, which was translated and validated in Portuguese.

Findings

Most participants were patients (n = 369; 70.0%), with primary school completion (n = 218; 43.4%), multiracial (n = 218; 43.5%) and with an income of up to two minimum wages (n = 182; 42.8%). Dimension 1 – management preparation – obtained the highest score (71.2 points, SD = 16.5), while Dimension 4 – care plan – obtained the lowest score (62.2 points, SD = 23.4). Among the participating hospitals, there was a difference in the overall mean with results ranging from 67.0 to 72.9 points.

Originality/value

A satisfactory quality of care transition was found, considering the context of a pandemic. The main weaknesses in the care transitions were related to the care planning after hospital discharge.
Performance management in the prosocial market economy: a new paradigm for economic performance and sustainability
Authors: Pfister Jan A. , Otley David , Ahrens Thomas , Dambrin Claire , Darwin Solomon , Granlund Markus , Jack Sarah L. , Lassila Erkki M. , Millo Yuval , Peda Peeter , Sherman Zachary , Wilson David Sloan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this multi-voiced paper is to propose a prosocial paradigm for the field of performance management and management control systems. This new paradigm suggests cultivating prosocial behaviour and prosocial groups in organizations to simultaneously achieve the objectives of economic performance and sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors share a common concern about the future of humanity and nature. They challenge the influential assumption of economic man from neoclassical economic theory and build on evolutionary science and the core design principles of prosocial groups to develop a prosocial paradigm.

Findings

Findings are based on the premise of the prosocial paradigm that self-interested behaviour may outperform prosocial behaviour within a group but that prosocial groups outperform groups dominated by self-interest. The authors explore various dimensions of performance management from the prosocial perspective in the private and public sectors.

Research limitations/implications

The authors call for theoretical, conceptual and empirical research that explores the prosocial paradigm. They invite any approach, including positivist, interpretive and critical research, as well as those using qualitative, quantitative and interventionist methods.

Practical implications

This paper offers implications from the prosocial paradigm for practitioners, particularly for executives and managers, policymakers and educators.

Originality/value

Adoption of the prosocial paradigm in research and practice shapes what the authors call the prosocial market economy. This is an aspired cultural evolution that functions with market competition yet systematically strengthens prosociality as a cultural norm in organizations, markets and society at large.
Records management compliance: a case study of Kuwait’s College of Basic Education
Authors: Al-Alawi Sakena A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the compliance of Kuwait’s College of Basic Education (CBE) with records management standards (RMS), legislation and regulations.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study collects data from semi-structured interviews and a thorough internet search of relevant records management (RM) policies and procedures.

Findings

The findings reveal the shortcomings of the bottom-up approach to RM, which poses significant risks due to inadequate management and monitoring; lack of compliance with local or national records and archives regulations; and a general unawareness of RMS and best practices among interviewees.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses on CBE, potentially limiting generalizability to other academic institutions in Kuwait, but offers valuable insights for polities that similarly lack records legislation and wish to improve their RM practices and comply with international standards.

Practical implications

This study proposes a more top-down approach to RM with the adoption of international RMS to improve practices, minimize risks and reduce legal liabilities. Positive outcomes will support the case for records and archives legislation (RAL) in Kuwait and provide the framework for its establishment.

Social implications

The study argues that the passage of RAL and the subsequent implementation of RMS will improve citizens’ Right to Access Information.

Originality/value

This study initiates a pioneering effort in understanding Public Authority for Applied Education and Training and CBE’s level of compliance with RMS, legislation and regulations and their challenges.
Trading courtrooms for boardrooms: lawyers as CEOs
Authors: Gruber Dexter Rowe , York, III Olen , Powell Danny
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Prior research suggests a chief executive officer’s (CEO) background is highly predictive of the strategic predisposition. This paper aims to focus on the need for accuracy in the categorization of CEO background and the impact that modest, nuanced changes in coding definitions yield.

Design/methodology/approach

This study evaluates the use of biographic and demographic information of CEOs to provide a more nuanced and expansive approach to understanding the influence of legal education and experience on business strategy. Propositions as to more nuanced coding definitions are developed. Building upon Fligstein (1987), a proof-of-concept example is developed using CEO information available for 2010. That data is then reexamined using an altered method (Modified Fligstein) to discern changes in the number of CEOs contained within the background categories.

Findings

The two categorizations performed reveal that substantial differences in the number of CEOs coded into a category can come from relatively small changes in categorical definitions. In comparing the first categorization to the second, each of the vocational categories experienced a change, ranging from a decrease of 11.1% to an increase of 142.9%.

Originality/value

This study informs both theory and practice by increasing the efficacy of the use of biographic and demographic information to assess the strategic orientation of executives. It postulates and demonstrates that simple changes in the categorical definition produce significant changes and can skew empirical results that reduce the utility of prior studies.
Centering reciprocity: lessons learned from a university–school partnership
Authors: Hamilton Erica R. , Margot Kelly C.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

School–university partnerships are important in teacher education to ensure PK-12 preservice teachers gain teaching experience prior to becoming teachers of record. Drawing on Ball and Cohen’s (1999) concept of “practice-based teacher education,” this three-year qualitative study examines the results of an intentionally reciprocal school–university partnership centered on a practice-based learning, field-based course. The following question guided this research: Having designed and facilitated a school–university partnership centered on reciprocity, what factors contributed to and/or took away from this commitment?

Design/methodology/approach

The current study examined three data sources, namely: (1) seven semi-structured focus group interviews with a teacher educator, sixth-grade teachers (n = 4) and a principal; (2) eight question/answer sessions between preservice teachers and partnering secondary teachers and (3)one focus group between the two authors. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings

This study’s findings highlight the reciprocal nature of the school–university partnership, showcasing the positive outcomes and challenges faced by stakeholders. Clear communication and ongoing dialogue were identified as key elements to establishing and maintaining a reciprocal relationship. Additionally, emphasis on shared learning experiences between partners were found valuable and important to maintaining benefit to all partners. Relationship development also remained an important and positive outcome of this partnership. Additionally, there were challenges related to time, and schedule constraints were evident in the partnership. Moreover, ongoing reflection and a willingness to adjust and change based on experiences and lessons learned ensured participants recognized the importance of ongoing iteration and calibration to address challenges and enhance the partnership.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability.

Originality/value

The paper includes implications for the development of other school–university partnerships that prioritize reciprocity, highlighting an often assumed, but not always examined, component necessary to the success of school–university partnerships.
Global Evolution of Environmental and Social Disclosure in Annual Reports
Authors: Lin Yan , Shen Rui , Wang Jasmine , Julia Yu Y.
Published: September 2024

We study environmental and social (E&S) disclosures in annual reports. Using the word embedding model to examine over 210,000 annual reports from 24,271 public firms in 30 international countries/regions between 2001 and 2020, we create an E&S dictionary that allows us to document trends in annual report E&S disclosure. Specifically, we find: (1) increases in length and boilerplate language and (2) decreases in specificity. Our results also suggest that E&S disclosure quality improves after the adoption of voluntary ESG reporting frameworks but deteriorates after disclosure mandates. Our findings provide systematic evidence on the evolution of E&S disclosure in annual reports over the past two decades and shed light on how voluntary and mandatory standards have shaped global E&S reporting practices.
Exploring the value, enablers and barriers of being a clinician‐coach: A qualitative pilot study of clinician‐coaches in emergency medicine
Authors: Rixon Andrew , Wilson Samuel , Wong Lee , Elder Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Objective

To explore how clinicians understand coaching and their clinician‐coach practice in emergency medicine.

Methods

Participants were surveyed about the value of coaching and their beliefs about the enablers of, and barriers to, being a clinician‐coach.

Results

Three themes were developed for the value of coaching: empowerment and growth; enhanced interpersonal dynamics; and reflective transformation. Key enablers were supportive infrastructure, self‐driven development and recognition of value. Key barriers were time constraints and scheduling conflicts, cultural challenges and financial and structural obstacles.

Conclusions

Fostering a supportive environment for coaching could significantly enhance clinician competence and well‐being, healthcare delivery and professional development.
Adaptive evolution of pancreatic ribonuclease gene (RNase1) in Cetartiodactyla
Authors: LANG Datian , ZHAO Junsong , LIU Songju , MU Yuan , ZOU Tiantian
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase1), a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas, is associated with the functional adaptation of dietary habits and is regarded as an attractive model system for studies of molecular evolution. In this study, we identified 218 functional genes and 48 pseudogenes from 114 species that span all four Cetartiodactyla lineages: two herbivorous lineages (Ruminantia and Tylopoda) and two non‐herbivorous lineages (Cetancodonta and Suoidea). Multiple RNase1 genes were detected in all species of the two herbivorous lineages, and phylogenetic and genomic location analyses demonstrated that independent gene duplication events occurred in Ruminantia and Tylopoda. In Ruminantia, the gene duplication events occurred in the ancestral branches of the lineage in the Middle Eocene, a time of increasing climatic seasonality during which Ruminantia rapidly radiated. In contrast, only a single RNase1 gene was observed in the species of the two non‐herbivorous lineages (Cetancodonta and Suoidea), suggesting that the previous Cetacea‐specific loss hypothesis should be rejected. Moreover, the duplicated genes of RNase1 in the two herbivorous lineages (Ruminantia and Tylopoda) may have undergone functional divergence. In combination with the temporal coincidence between gene replication and the enhanced climatic seasonality during the Middle Eocene, this functional divergence suggests that RNase1 gene duplication was beneficial for Ruminantia to use the limited quantities of sparse fibrous vegetation and adapt to seasonal changes in climate. In summary, the findings indicate a complex and intriguing evolutionary pattern of RNase1 in Cetartiodactyla and demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which organisms adapt to the environment.
Biofunctionality of a new vinegar rich in anthocyanin from red‐fleshed Niedzwetzky's apple: An ornamental plant
Authors: Özdemir Nilgün , Pashazadeh Hojjat , Mohammed Sarhan , Koca Ilkay
Published: September 2024

In recent years, red‐fleshed apple has attracted a lot of attention due to its pleasant appearance, taste, and being a valuable source of anthocyanins. Generally, different types of this apple are known as ornamental apple plants that are rarely found in various regions around the world like New Zealand, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Australia, China, and Turkey. This study focused on the accumulation and changes of the bioactive and aroma‐related volatile components at different production stages of a red‐fleshed apple vinegar. The aim of this study is to produce an anthocyanin‐ and vitamin C‐rich vinegar (NAV) from red‐fleshed Niedzwetzky's apple for the first time. According to the results, in this vinegar, it was determined high concentrations of total phenolic content (904.8 mg‐GAE/mL), total flavonoid content (0.25 mg‐EGCE/mL), vitamin C content (3024.3 mg‐AAE/mL), and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (8.33 mmol‐TE/mL), as well as FRAP (13.57 mmol‐ISE/mL), respectively. Moreover, total anthocyanin content value was found to be 6.46 mg/g. One of the components that provide the specified functional effect in this vinegar is chlorogenic acid, which constitutes the main phenolic compound, and the other one is cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, which is the major anthocyanin in this vinegar. The main volatile components associated with the aroma of vinegar are ‐acetic acid, ‐phenylacetic acid (5067.7 µg/100 mL), ‐phenethyl alcohol (3096.1 µg/100 mL), and ‐nonanoic acid (2939.0 µg/100 mL) compounds. Consequently, it is recommended to expand the range of Niedzwetzky's apples in the production and consumption of food products such as functional vinegar. Thus, a new vinegar with high functional properties will be introduced to the worldwide food industry.

Practical Application

In this study, vinegar was produced from the small and dark‐red‐flesh‐colored fruits of Niedzwetzky's apple tree, which is known in a small part of the world and is generally used as an ornamental plant due to its red‐pink flowers. It has been determined that the produced vinegar has high bioavailability due to the apples with red inner flesh and high anthocyanin content and has a desirable aromatic content. Thus, a food product with high functional quality and desirable aroma, accessible to consumers all over the world, has been produced from a little‐known fruit.
Characterization of cooked cheese flavor: Volatile components
Authors: Sullivan Rosa C. , Makinwa Fiyinfolu , Fagan Colette C. , Parker Jane K.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this work was to identify volatiles that contribute to the aroma of cooked cheese, including the role of fat content in their development during cooking. Volatiles and odorants in cooked mature Cheddar were identified using a combination of SPME (solid‐phase microextraction)/GC–O (gas chromatography–olfactometry) and SPME/GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). A selection of the odorants was quantitated in six cheeses, uncooked and cooked, (mature Cheddar, high‐, medium‐, and low‐fat mild Cheddar, mozzarella, and Parmesan). Many compounds showed significant differences between cooked and uncooked cheese; Strecker aldehydes, pyrazines, and furanones were all significantly higher in cooked cheeses than in uncooked cheese, while ethyl esters (key odorants in uncooked cheese) were not detected in any of the cooked cheese. Principal component analysis demonstrated that fat concentration in mild Cheddar was positively correlated with the formation of potential odorants (the Strecker aldehydes, methanethiol, 2‐methylketones, and fatty acids) upon cooking. Potential lipid precursors for these compounds are discussed.

Practical Application

This research can be used by the dairy industry to develop better cheeses, especially low‐ and reduced‐fat cheeses, for use in cooked applications such as toppings for pizzas and ready meals. Alternatively, this research describes key volatile compounds in cooked cheese that can be used by the flavoring industry to develop authentic cooked cheese flavorings.
Effect of patient‐centered self‐management intervention on glycemic control, self‐efficacy, and self‐care behaviors in South Asian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asmat Kainat , Sivarajan Froelicher Erika , Dhamani Khairunnisa Aziz , Gul Raisa , Khan Nazeer
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to test the efficacy of patient‐centered self‐management intervention (PACE‐SMI) to improve HbA1c, self‐efficacy, and self‐care behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

In this multicenter, parallel two‐arm randomized controlled trial, 612 adults with T2DM and HbA1c ≥ 7% were enrolled and assigned to the control group (n = 310) and the intervention group (n = 302) using stratified permuted block randomization. The control group received usual care, whereas the intervention group received usual care plus nurse‐led, theory‐driven, culturally tailored PACE‐SMI, comprising eight weekly sessions of individualized education, counseling, behavioral training, and home visit. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 3 months follow‐up.

Results

Data at 3 months were provided by 583 participants (control: n = 295, intervention: n = 288). Per‐protocol analysis showed that the intervention group had a lower mean HbA1c (8.49% [standard deviation (SD), 1.58]) than the control group (8.74% [SD, 1.62]), with small yet statistically significant mean difference of 0.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.01 to 0.51; Cohen's d = 0.16; p = 0.03). Self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviors significantly improved in the intervention group (116.89 [SD, 25.50] and 70.01 [SD, 17.97]) compared to the control group (75.43 [SD, 18.99] and 51.54 [SD, 12.04]), with mean differences of 41.48 (95% CI, 37.83–45.13; Cohen's d = 1.84; p < 0.0001) and 18.56 (95% CI, 16.08–21.04; Cohen's d = 1.22; p < 0.0001), respectively. Linear regression analysis indicated the effect of PACE‐SMI on HbA1c was significantly mediated by improvements in self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviors (R2 = 0.232, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

PACE‐SMI led to modest but significant improvement in HbA1c and substantial enhancements in self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviors in adults with T2DM.

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