bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective design optimisation of a delta coordinate measurement machine
Authors: Louw Jakobus Murray , de Ronde Willis , Marais Stephen , Maweni Thabisa
Published: December 2024

A systematic approach for multi-objective optimisation in machine design is presented and further demonstrated through a case study on a delta Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM). Employing the Non- dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) [1], the methodology aims to balance competing objectives like measurement accuracy, motion resolution, and machine size. Through an iterative process and simulation- guided parameter refinement, new Pareto optimal solutions are identified at concurrent decision-making steps to reach a final design solution. The results from four concurrent simulations are presented, where each simulation is used to reduce the input range of a specific design variable. The visualizations reveal complex relationships between the design variables and outlier clusters are identified and excluded from the solution space. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how the solution set is systematically reduced to reach a Pareto optimal design. Overall, the proposed process offers a structured framework for addressing the complexities of multi-objective machine design, as evidenced by its successful application in optimising a delta CMM.
Coverage path planning for autonomous surveying of plant species using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Cilliers Abraham Albertus , Engelbrecht Jacobus Adriaan Albertus
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the development of a system for autonomous surveying of plant species using one or more unmanned aerial vehicles. A novel coverage path planning algorithm was developed to search disconnected search areas and generate Global Positioning System waypoints that specify the paths that the unmanned aerial vehicle should follow to cover the environment. The system was tested in simulation and with practical flight tests using a physical UAV at a real-world location. Both the simulation results and the practical flight test results showed that the UAV can accurately execute the planned coverage paths. The flight tests proved that the system can survey disconnected vegetation areas, navigate complex environments containing obstacles and no-fly zones, and perform consecutive path generation to enable refuelling or the use of multiple UAVs. The results also show that our proposed system covers the required areas of vegetation more efficiently (travelling shorter distances) than the standard lawnmower patterns provided by commercial systems.
Design of a low-cost optical motion capture system using a multi-camera configuration and an asynchronous extended Kalman filter
Authors: Meyer Zakariya , Pretorius Arnold
Published: December 2024

Motion capture technology, with its vast applications in robotics, control systems, and biomedical engineering, is highly sought after for its ability to provide precise pose estimation. However, the high cost of commercial motion capture devices can place them out of reach for many smaller institutions and businesses. This paper presents the development of a low-cost, optical motion capture system using a multi-camera setup and a novel algorithm that embeds the camera model within an extended Kalman filter for precise tracking of a robot's pose. Initial simulations in MATLAB, enhanced with real-world experiments, showcase the system’s capability to track predefined features on a rigid-body robot using affordable cameras. Results highlight the challenges of balancing cost with performance; the system can achieve a position and orientation accuracy of less than 1 cm and 2°, respectively, within a 2x2x2m workspace, at a significantly lower cost compared to off-the-shelf commercial systems. The implications of this research are broad, offering a foundation for future explorations into cost- effective motion capture solutions. The current work is completely opensource and offered as an invitation to share and collaborate with other institutes of interest.
A critical evaluation of Pure Pursuit, MPC and MPCC: Balancing simplicity, performance and constraints
Authors: Kong Xiangyiming , Fisher Callen , Evans Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Autonomous driving technology has advanced significantly in the past decade. In the case of autonomous racing, the crucial challenge lies in guiding the vehicle along the desired path while ensuring safety and efficiency. Several control systems have been developed for fast and accurate path tracking, offering their own unique advantages and limitations. Here we present an investigation into three prominent control strategies in a critical comparative analysis. These control algorithms include Pure Pursuit (PP), Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Model Predictive Contouring Control (MPCC). These control algorithms were chosen due to their difference in complexities starting from a simple PP to a much more complex MPCC. These algorithms are then experimentally validated on a physical F1Tenth vehicle. The simulation results show that PP exhibited the fastest computation time, its performance in the presence of noise and delay was inferior to MPC and MPCC. While MPC demonstrated strong performance in its robustness and resilience to noise and delay compared to PP and MPCC. MPCC, despite producing the fastest lap time, faced challenges in handling noise and delay although not as severe as PP, making MPC the best overall controller for unwanted disturbances. In contrast to the simulated findings, PP demonstrated superior performance in physical implementations compared to MPC and MPCC. The computational demands of optimization-based algorithms result in a computation delay where the algorithm calculates for the vehicle's position one iteration behind its actual movement. This shows that shortening computational delay is critical in a physical system.
uArm Swift simulation and control
Authors: Schütz Damien , Hepworth J.H.
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the development of a kinematic solution and simulated model of the uArm Swift Pro, a vertically articulated robot with three degrees of freedom. This robotic manipulator is specifically designed for recreational purposes and thus can be used as an educational tool for engineering students. A mathematical solution was developed which showcases how the robot moves and orientates itself when given desired output configurations. Furthermore, this analytical solution was implemented in Simulink to visually demonstrate the effects of changing parameters such as the joint angles of the uArm. Once complete, this model was tested with the physical manipulator to determine its accuracy and establish the legitimacy of using the simulation to demonstrate key concepts in robotics, such as forward and inverse kinematics. The testing illustrated that the proposed simulation was precise and a viable method to showcase the operation of this robot.
Manufacture and testing of ARGUS: A pole climbing surveillance robot
Authors: de Ronde Willis , Bosscha Peter , Marais Stephen , Pretorius Arnold
Published: December 2024

South Africa needs rapidly deployable surveillance in situations such as public marches and periods of unrest. As these events can often last several hours, short-term solutions, such as multi-rotor drones, are generally not feasible. The proposed solution, the Automated Robotic Guardian for Urban Surveillance (ARGUS) platform, is a rapidly deployable pole-climbing robot for surveillance and situational awareness. This paper outlines the system's manufacture, testing, and analysis. The platform was tested under various laboratory and real-world conditions against predefined user specifications. Test results demonstrate that the system can ascend and descend multiple existing pole infrastructures and maintain a hold position without the motors consuming power while on the pole.
Design of a 3D-printed test rig for micro aerial robotics platforms
Authors: Botha Natasha , de Ronde Willis , van Eden Beatrice
Published: December 2024

During the development of an aerial robotic platform, it is necessary to characterise the flight controller to ensure flight stability. Even though this can be done through open-source software like Betaflight, flight testing can result in potential crashes. To prevent this, this paper aims to design and manufacture a test rig to test and characterise the flight controller reliably. A 4-degree-of-freedom (DOF) test rig was developed to allow for vertical motion and characterise the yaw, pitch, and roll angles. It was also entirely constructed utilising additive manufacturing (AM). An iterative design approach was considered to improve the design after practical testing with a micro aerial robotic platform. This approach significantly enhanced the design of the ball joint and linear shaft to assist in better performance of the micro aerial robotic platform when using the test rig.
Response surface methodology and optimisation of laser powder bed fusion process parameters for fabrication of pure nickel and Ni-TiC composites
Authors: Mwambe Polline , Sacks Natasha
Published: December 2024

A response surface methodology approach was used to fabricate nickel (Ni) and nickel-titanium carbide (Ni-TiC) composites using laser powder bed fusion. The aim was to determine the optimal process parameters to achieve maximum density and hardness and to investigate the influence of the TiC addition to pure Ni. Process parameters of laser power and scanning speed were selected according to the central composite design of experiments. Regression analysis found the optimal parameter sets to be 195 W and 400 mm/s, and 190 W and 500 mm/s for Ni and Ni-TiC respectively, which yielded relative densities of more than 99 % and a hardness improvement from 163 HV0.5 to 380 HV0.5 with the TiC addition.
Characterization of machine noise signals during L-PBF for online monitoring using gas-borne acoustic emission
Authors: Moore Karabo , Kouprianoff Dean , Yadroitsava Ina , Yadroitsev Igor
Published: December 2024

The metal laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology uses a layer-by-layer manufacturing technique. During the build process, various acoustic emission (AE) signals are emitted by the machine components inside the build chamber: which include AE signals such as that of the movement of the build platform, the powder delivering system, the inert gas flow, and laser scanning. In this work, the machine AE signals recorded from a microphone are characterised, studied, and labelled as noise signals to provide insights for monitoring of defects such as cracks using the EOS M280 L-PBF system. The frequency and time domain features of the machine AE signals, such as the fast Fourier transform, root mean square and signal-to-noise ratio, were used to indicate the machine AE signals peak frequencies, loudness, and effect of the applied filter on the AE signals. It is also shown how that the data obtained can further be used for when selecting appropriate signal conditioning parameters for defect monitoring of the crack and delamination signals during the build process.
Review of the current state-of-the-art in plasma gasification of municipal and medical waste
Authors: Mauchline David A. , van der Merwe Andre F. , van der Walt Jaco
Published: December 2024

This paper is part of a PHD dissertation aimed at optimising the efficiency of a water-cooled heat exchanger used in laboratory-scale waste plasma gasifiers. To optimise the design and evaluate the applicability of corrosion-resistant ceramic 3D printed materials, it is necessary to understand the current application of plasma gasification to municipal and medical waste disposal and destruction. This review of recent literature intends to create a reference point for optimisation of the heat exchanger component of the envisaged gasification system. Advanced manufacturing technologies may be the key which unlocks new applications for plasma gasification.
Effect of Pd substitution on elastic and lattice dynamic properties of B2 Ti50Ru50 – ab initio study
Authors: Ngobe Bongani , Molepo Mahlaga , Mkhonto Donald , Phasha Maje
Published: December 2024

Owing to Nitinol's success, shape memory alloys (SMAs) enjoy unwavering attention as key futuristic intelligent structural materials. Despite the excellent shape memory effect (SME) and pseudo-elasticity, Nitinol is susceptible to high-temperature applications. Extensive research has been conducted to discover SMAs with improved higher-temperature properties by considering PGM-bearing B2 Ti-based compounds. In this study, the impact of palladium (Pd) addition on Ti50Ru50 to yield Ti50Ru50- xPdx ternary compounds with martensitic transformation (MT) was investigated by employing a supercell approach. With the addition of Pd up to 25 at. %, B2 Ti50Ru50-xPdx remained stable (C11>C12), while ternaries with Pd ≥ 31.25 at. % were found unstable (C11<C12).
Thermodynamic stability analysis of AlxCrMn5MoTi high-entropy alloys for high-temperature applications: A CALPHAD-assisted approach
Authors: Ben Festus , Phahlane Thabang A. , Ukpong Aniekan M. , Olubambi Peter A.
Published: December 2024

In lightweight high-entropy alloy development, a titanium- aluminium (TiAl) base matrix is favored for its low density, high strength- to-weight ratio, and excellent corrosion resistance. Multi-component alloys using TiAl have shown stability under high temperatures. This study aimed to develop a high-entropy alloy by adding chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo) to the TiAl base matrix, forming an AlxCrMn5MoTi alloy. CALPHAD models were employed to establish phase stability and phase formation rules were used to assess thermodynamic stability. The resulting AlxCrMn5MoTi alloy features a body-centered cubic solid-solution phase, a solidus temperature exceeding 1600°C, a density under 6.2 g/cm³, and a Young's modulus of over 190 GPa. The thermodynamic properties measured include mixing entropy (10.9 to 11.9 J/K), mixing enthalpy (-11.5 to -18.1 kJ/mol), an Omega parameter (Ω) of at least 1.1, an atomic size difference (δ) no greater than 6.6%, and a valence electron concentration (VEC) ranging from 4.89 to 4.83. The AlxCrMn5MoTi alloy shows significant promise for transportation, energy, and industrial applications, meeting the demands for lightweight, high-temperature, and corrosion- resistant materials.
SLM: Melt-pool prediction through transient thermal simulation
Authors: Benson Gerrit Maritz , Bayode Abiodun , Koekemoer Ockert Cornelius
Published: December 2024

This paper evaluates the accuracy of transient thermal simulations in predicting melt pool geometry, including width and depth, during Selective Laser Melting (SLM) for different laser energy densities (LEDs). While the simulation results show similar trends to experimental data, they exhibit significant accuracy errors, especially at higher LEDs due to the inability to account for keyhole melting caused by the Marangoni effect. Despite these inaccuracies, the simulations remain useful for parameter development if the errors are considered and LEDs that cause keyhole melting are avoided. To achieve more accurate predictions of the melt pool, it is recommended to use a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach that includes Marangoni flow and evaporative effects.
First-principles study of binary FCC Fe-Mn compositions
Authors: Phasha Maje , Mampuru Lebedike , Mkhonto Donald , Moema Joseph
Published: December 2024

In a build-up to design and development of light-weight austenitic Fe-Mn alloys for storage and transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG), present study employed computational materials modelling technique to identify compositions that yield high toughness at cryogenic temperatures. This study revealed that the addition of manganese (Mn) resulted in an increase in lattice constant and convex-shaped heats of formation trend with minimum at 22 atomic percent (at.%) Mn alloy composition. In addition, increase in Mn composition yielded a significant decrease in tetragonal shear modulus (C′) and Young’s modulus (E), while the decrease in bulk modulus (B) is small. Ductility increased with increase in Mn composition as shown by B/G and Poisson’s ratio (v) values that are much higher than ductility threshold of 1.75 and 0.26, respectively, signalling high toughness.
Finite element analysis of oil storage tank failure under complex loading conditions
Authors: Mashiyane Themba , Tartibu Lagouge , Salifu Smith
Published: December 2024

Storage tanks are vital components across industries, especially in the power generation industry, where they are used for oil storage. The internal pressure these tanks are able to withstand greatly affects their longevity and behaviour under service conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive computational study that utilizes Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique to investigate the failure mechanism of oil storage tanks when subjected to complex loading conditions. In the simulation, FEA software, Abaqus is employed to replicate the operational scenarios which incorporate internal pressure from the stored liquid in the tank, internal pressure developed during discharge and external pressure in the windward direction. Realistic boundary conditions are applied to the tank to accurately mimic real-case scenarios. The stress and strain contour plot shows that the maximum stress (greater than the yield strength of the tank material) and strain with values 485.4 MPa and 2.095 × 10−3, respectively were developed on the surface of the tank in the windward direction. By post- processing, the output database results obtained from the stress and strain analysis in Abaqus using fe-safe, the tank was found to survive 1 429 hours before failure under the specified operating conditions.
The role of Ru doping on the electronic, mechanical and vibrational properties of Li2MnO3 cathode material
Authors: Mphahlele Mamonamane , Masedi Mallang , Malatji Kemeridge , Ngoepe Phuti , Ledwaba Raesibe
Published: December 2024

We present a comprehensive first-principles study of Ru-doped Li2MnO3 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, utilising hybrid density functional calculations. Ru was chosen due to its ability to enhance cycling stability and structural integrity. The investigated structures, adapted from a previous study and generated through cluster expansion, include Li2RuO3, Li2Mn0.33Ru0.67O3, and Li2Mn0.5Ru0.5O3, which are compared with the pristine material. The primary properties under investigation include the density of states, phonon dispersion curves, and elastic properties. The analysis of the density of states reveals that Li2Mn0.33Ru0.67O3 and Li2RuO3 exhibit metallic magnetism, while Li2Mn0.5Ru0.5O3 behaves as a semiconductor with a narrower band gap than Li2MnO3. Ru doping in Li2MnO3 narrows the bandgap, enhancing conductivity and structural integrity, which is expected to improve lithium-ion battery performance.
Mechanical and electronic properties investigation of Ti8Pt7Cu for high temperature applications: A first-principle approach
Authors: Mashamaite Mordecai , Ngoepe Phuti , Chauke Hasani
Published: December 2024

The martensitic transformation of TiPt is much higher, at approximately 1273 K and this is considered to be of potential technological interest for elevated temperature applications. Previous studies showed that the 50:50 B2 TiPt alloy is mechanically unstable at 0K. The supercell approach is used to substitute Pt with Cu 6.25 at. % on the B2 TiPt binary alloy to evaluate their structural and mechanical properties. The addition of Cu 6.25% reduces the lattice parameter due to the atomic radius. The TiPt43.75Cu6.25 alloy is thermodynamically stable, with negative ΔHf (-0.693 eV/atom). The elastic constant C11, Bulk and Shear moduli were used to investigate the melting point, Debye temperature and Vickers’s hardness. The Debye temperature at 170 K confirmed that TiPt43.75Cu6.25 alloys have higher modulus and melting point. The calculated Bulk modulus suggests that Cu strengthen the cubic TiPt. The electronic properties are discussed based on the predicted density of states. The Phonon dispersion of the TiPt43.75Cu6.25 alloys is also calculated.
Influence of temperature on the stability of titanium nanocluster in TiCl3 medium
Authors: Mazibuko Andile , Ngoepe Phuti , Chauke Hasani
Published: December 2024

South Africa is one of the largest producers of titanium-bearing minerals in the world, accounting for 18% of rutile production and 12% of ilmenite production. However, the country has yet to establish a noticeable advantage in the production of titanium, even though the mineral is emphasised as crucial for the economy. To date, attempts are being made, both experimentally and theoretically, to enhance the production of titanium. This is guided by the reduction of TiCl4 to form intermediates such as TiCl3 through the Kroll process. In this study, classical molecular dynamic calculations were performed to understand the geometry of the cluster in two TiCl3 polymorphs (α-TiCl3 and β-TiCl3 mediums). It was found that the cluster maintains its pentagonal bipyramid geometry at the temperature range of 50 – 2000 K for both mediums. This indicates that the cluster is stable, and geometry is preserved in the mediums. The results obtained in this study provide more insight into the growth/evolution of titanium in TiCl3 medium for titanium production processes.
Impact of processing parameters on mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-based BMGs
Authors: Schönrath Hanna , Wegner Jan , Schroer Martin A. , Frey Maximilian , Bruckhaus Lars , Busch Ralf , Kleszczynski Stefan
Published: December 2024

Additively manufactured bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are promising materials for demanding use cases. They feature high strength, elasticity and corrosion resistance. The intrinsic high cooling rates of powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) allow for the processing of partially amorphous bulk geometries with variable crystalline material fractions, for which a microstructure-induced increase in hardness is reported in this work. The influence of varying laser power and scan speed on crystallinity, hardness, and density, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers hardness, and optical density determination, is presented for a Ti-based BMG with the composition Ti60Zr15Cu17S8. It is demonstrated that the hardness increases to 353 HV5 at a normalized energy input of E0* =3 with a relative density of >99.95% and a maximized amorphicity.
Effect of niobium variation on the properties of directed energy deposited CrCoNiCuNbx coatings
Authors: Alabi Ayo , Popoola Abimbola , Popoola Olawale , Mathe Ntombi
Published: December 2024

The presence of a refractory metal such as niobium in high- entropy alloys improves their hardness values, wear and corrosion resistance. Herein, a CrCoNiCuNbx alloy-system used as coating was developed by directed energy deposition technique, and the effect of niobium variation on microstructural and phase evolution, hardness, wear characteristics and corrosion resistance were studied in comparison to the base alloy (CrCoNiCu) and steel baseplate. In addition, structure-property correlations were conducted, and it was observed that the variation of niobium resulted in phase and microstructural evolutions of the alloy- system. These directly influenced the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of coatings as it resulted in a 62.47% improvement in hardness at 0.50 niobium content and a more than 260-fold increase in corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl electrolyte at 0.25 niobium compared to the mild steel substrate. The wear resistance at 10 and 15 N applied loads for the coating with 0.75 niobium content were also found to be enhanced by about 93.94% and 80.83%, respectively, when compared to those of steel substrate.
Mechanical and microstructural properties of nitinol fabricated on a preheated Ti6Al4V base plate using laser direct metal deposition (LDMD) process
Authors: Skhosane Samuel , Maledi Nthabiseng , Pityana Sisa
Published: December 2024

This study reports the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nitinol fabricated on a pre-heated Ti6Al4V plate using laser direct metal deposition (LDMD). Commercial nitinol powder with approximately 50:50 wt.% ratio of nickel to titanium was laser deposited on a preheated Ti6Al4V plate. The produced samples were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Vickers hardness tester. The hardness was measured transversely on the deposited layers. The hardness obtained on the pre-heated substrate remained uniform with an increase in linear energy density. However, on a non-preheated substrate, the hardness decreased as the linear energy density increased.
Laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Ta-1.5Zr-0.2Ru-5Cu (mass%) – process parameter evaluation using single tracks analysis
Authors: Phala Ngwakoana , Polese Claudia , Ciftci Jakub , Choma Tomasz , Cornish Lesley
Published: December 2024

Printing of single tracks from atomised powder was carried out to determine the potential parameters for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti- 6Ta-1.5Zr-0.2Ru-5Cu (mass%). Parameters that were varied included laser power, scanning speed, beam diameter, linear and planar energy density. The single tracks were characterised by SEM and SEM-EDX, showing variations in microstructural homogeneity. Promising tracks were produced using laser power of 157.5 W, scanning speed of 600 mm/s, beam diameter of 0.15 mm, 0.263 J/mm linear energy and 1.750 J/mm2 planar energy density. XRD for one of these tracks indicated (αTi) and (βTi) solid solutions as well as the Ti2Cu phase.
Masked stereolithography as an accessible additive manufacturing technology to fabricate soft polymeric flow phantoms
Authors: Ngatane Bokang , Dicks James Anthony , Ho Wei Hua , Ngoepe Malebogo
Published: December 2024

The development of fabricating in vitro flow phantoms to study biomedical fluid dynamics using laser particle image velocimetry provides a basis for better understanding and treatment of medical conditions such as aneurysms and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, the ability to fabricate patient-specific models rapidly and reliably is of interest for both bespoke therapeutic capabilities and computational modelling. Additive manufacturing (AM) presents a method for rapid and facile direct fabrication with the capability for excellent geometric and resolution fidelity that can overcome the shortcomings of traditional casting techniques. Furthermore, masked stereolithography (mSLA) presents itself as an accessible and versatile AM technology with the potential to overcome limitations seen for other AM technologies. As such, this study aimed to demonstrate mSLA as an accessible and effective AM technology for the fabrication of mechanically tailorable soft polymers for flow phantom applications.
Effect of processing parameters on microstructure of additively manufactured α+β titanium alloys
Authors: Maqina Nonkosi Elizabeth , Janse van Vuuren Arno , Becker Thorsten Hermann
Published: December 2024

The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure was investigated on three α+β alloys, namely Ti6Al4V (Ti64), Ti6Al2Sn4Zr6Mo (Ti6246) and Ti6.5Al3.5Mo1.5Zr0.3Si (TC11) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) was used to identify microstructural characteristics, including prior beta grains (PBGs) structure, hierarchical lath morphology and orientation. Acicular martensitic (α’) laths form within the PBGs following a crystallographic relationship. The martensite displays a hierarchical structure.
Microstructure investigation of laser additively manufactured Si/SiC ceramic
Authors: Masina Bathusile , Lekoadi Paul
Published: December 2024

This study reports on the microstructure properties of Si/SiC ceramic produced using a laser additive manufacturing process. Several specimens of different laser energy density outputs were produced. The structural analysis revealed that the microstructure was significantly affected by the reduction of the laser energy density output whereby defects such as porosity were observed. It was found that the microstructure properties showed significant improvement at 4819 J/cm2, laser energy density output. No new phases were found due to the increased laser energy density output.
Effect of contour process parameters on the surface roughness of laser powder bed fusion manufactured 304 stainless steel
Authors: Mashayamombe Tafadzwa , Madyibi Xola , Matope Stephen
Published: December 2024

Surface roughness remains a major drawback in metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Even though finishing operations are applied, the surface roughness is still of interest because additive manufacturing is mainly applied in expensive materials and, in some cases, hard-to-machine materials. Additionally, conventional finishing operations are not viable for intricate components like fine porous structures or cavities, which make AM attractive. Therefore, improving the surface quality of parts created through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) requires direct optimisation during manufacturing. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of contour process parameters on the surface roughness of vertical surfaces and sloped surfaces associated with up and down surfaces fabricated by LPBF using 304 stainless steel (304 SS) powder feedstock. The study explored the impact of varying laser power and scanning speed separately while holding other parameters constant. The obtained results showed that increasing the speed decreases the surface roughness on the vertical surfaces whereas there was no clear dependency of the roughness on the laser power. The sloped surface consistently exhibited higher roughness on the down skin than the up skin, which can be attributed to deeper laser penetration. Additionally, printed samples indicated reductions in clearance from the CAD model, attributed to unmolten powder particles adhering to the surface. Understanding and optimising surface finish and dimensional accuracy could further accelerate the adoption of LPBF technology in fabricating net- shaped direct-to-service components.
Lightweight YOLO for distracted driver detection on edge devices
Authors: Zandamela Frank , Kunene Dumisani , Skosana Vusi , Stoltz Gene
Published: December 2024

Edge AI, with its ability to process data locally on devices within vehicles, presents a promising approach to real-time driver monitoring. However, despite advancements in robust deep learning-based distracted driver detection, there is a critical gap in research on deploying these methods on edge devices. Real-world applications demand a balance between accuracy and real-time inference speed on resource-constrained devices. This work addresses this challenge by investigating the performance of a lightweight, human activity recognition-based distracted driver detection method. A comparative analysis study is conducted to compare the performance of four lightweight YOLO models. The study also explores the generalisability of the approach for driver distraction detection across four public datasets. Experimental results reveal that the tiny version of the YOLOv7 object detector provides the best balance between accuracy and inference speed. The algorithm achieved an average F1-score of 0.45 across four datasets and an average inference speed of 21.97 ms or 46 frames per second.
Robotic waste sorting using deep learning
Authors: Goorun Yurisha , Marais Stephen , Nicolls Fred
Published: December 2024

The ongoing waste crisis has highlighted the need to address the problem of waste collection and sorting. This paper presents an automated waste sorting system with Deep Learning using a stereoscopic camera and a robotic manipulator. The system can recognise and classify different types of waste and sort them into specific categories by using the robotic arm to improve the recycling process.
Structure design and trajectory positioning method of underwater telescopic arm robot based on DE algorithm
Authors: Jin Huawei , Li Shuo , Liu Wenjian , Ji Haitao , Yan Fangzheng , Lu Wenlong , Xu Chenyu
Published: December 2024

In view of the large target location error in underwater environment and the low search accuracy of common underwater robotic arms, an underwater telescopic arm robot based on the DE algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the mechanical structure design and D-H parameter method are used to construct the robot arm, and the feasibility of the underwater telescopic arm robot is verified by the parameters of the kinematic solution of the robot arm combined with 5-5-5 polynomial trajectory planning. Considering the possible collision in the trajectory of the underwater robot arm and the increase in load pressure on the arm, the differential evolution method is introduced to iterate the time of the arm through six stages to plan the optimal value of time for the optimal trajectory of the arm, and finally, the algorithm is applied to the experiment. The end-effector parameters' smooth and non-abrupt graphs of acceleration, velocity, and impact demonstrate the efficiency of the underwater robot design.
Peer-correction and Self-correction of Errors in Foreign Language Classes and their Benefit
Authors: Zokirov Mukhtorali , Khasanova Ozodakhon , Askarova Shakhnozakhon
Published: December 2024

Error correction is an important component of every lesson in every subject, but it is of particular significant importance in foreign language classrooms. In traditional lessons, errors can be corrected mostly by teachers. Peer-correction and self-correction in German classes are not widely used. The purpose of this article is to identify the benefits of peer and self-correction of errors. The ways of using messengers in language acquisition are clarified. Using messengers for the purpose of error correction in after-classroom activities is a highly beneficial practice.
Research on forming professional written speech competence by using digital technology
Authors: Alimov Farhod , Fahrutdinova Rezida
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the problems of forming and improving professional written speech competence (PWSC) in teaching English at the non-linguistic faculties of the Universities. Training modern specialists requires improving their digital competency. The research aims to form and improve (PWSC) of Uzbek students by analyzing and defining the peculiarities of written speech in English and Uzbek and overcome the challenges, which Uzbek students face in improving their PWSC in learning English and in using digital technology. In improving the student`s PWSC the different approaches to writing and written speech have been carried out, as both have their own peculiarities that require different approaches in forming corresponding speech skills. In our view, the use of the European model of forming digital competencies is more helpful in improving PWSC of the non-linguistic faculty students.
Analysis of the novel “The Mystery of the Wooden House” by Havva Tekin in terms of values and Turkish education
Authors: Yeniasır Mustafa , Gökbulut Burak , Öznur Şevket
Published: December 2024

Literary works play a very important role in helping children gain the following objectives of the Turkish language teaching curriculum permanently: developing listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, developing imagination, reading comprehension and text evaluation from a critical perspective, and ensuring that students give importance to national, spiritual, moral, historical, cultural, and social values. Therefore, after lullabies and fairy tales, children should be introduced as early as possible to high-quality stories and novels that reflect the narrative power of the Turkish language, are suitable for their language development and needs, and appeal to their world of thought. Works produced in the field of children’s literature both contribute positively to children’s emotional and intellectual worlds and prepare them for life. Novels, especially those that take their subject from life and address basic values such as friendship, love, honesty, justice, patriotism, and benevolence have a very important role to play in children’s development and in their future academic lives. Havva Tekin made an important contribution to Turkish Cypriot children’s literature with her novels “Children of the Green Island”, “Tarajar beyond the Seas” and “The Mystery of the Wooden House”. With her novel titled “The Mystery of the Wooden House”, which is the subject of this study, the author has both shown the expressive power of Turkish to children and made an important contribution to their growth with the values she discussed.
Teachers’ digital literacy competencies according to their age status and their level of use in classes
Authors: Gökbulut Burak , Yeniasır Mustafa , Gökbulut Özlem Dağlı
Published: December 2024

Digital literacy means that individuals know how to properly use digital platforms/tools both for their personal development and for solving everyday problems, mastering information technologies and being aware of issues such as legal responsibility, data protection, security and ethics. In other words, people who are aware of their own and others’ privacy, security, and responsibility while using technological tools/applications and the Internet, and who use digital tools while maintaining their ethical attitude, can be called competent digital literacy. Otherwise, it is impossible to call people who take their phone or tablet in their hands and use digital media in a limited way (usually social media users) without being aware of any responsibility and completely open to threats. The study aims to reveal the digital literacy competencies of teachers according to age and their level of use in classes. A total of 50 primary and secondary school teachers make up the study’s sample. In this study, the mixed method was preferred to obtain more reliable results. In the mixed method research, while the numerical situation was revealed through quantitative data, they were strengthened with qualitative data. The “Digital Literacy Scale” was used to collect the quantitative data. This scale is a 5-point Likert-type tool and reveals the digital literacy status of teachers in a numerical sense. The qualitative data was collected using semistructured interview questionnaires created by the researchers based on expert opinions. While the quantitative data collected was statistically analyzed and interpreted, the qualitative data was analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. According to the research findings, teachers are generally aware of the importance of digital literacy for education and training.
The sociolect sphere of internet conversational communication
Authors: Miralimova Shakhzoda
Published: December 2024

The rapid evolution of digital communication has given rise to new forms of linguistic expression, reshaping traditional notions of language and social interaction. Among these developments, the emergence of distinct sociolects within online communities stands out as a significant phenomenon. This article investigates the sociolect sphere of internet conversational communication, focusing on how these sociolects form, function, and impact broader language practices. The significance of this study lies in its exploration of how online sociolects reflect and shape the social dynamics of digital communities. Traditionally, sociolects have reinforced social boundaries through language, being closely associated with specific social groups like age, gender, or class. However, the internet has allowed these sociolects to evolve rapidly in digital spaces, creating new forms of linguistic expression. Understanding these online sociolects is essential for comprehending the broader implications of digital communication in language and society. The spread of online sociolects into everyday language, as seen in the mainstream adoption of terms like “selfie” and “hashtag,” indicates these forms are becoming integral to contemporary language practices. The study highlights the importance of understanding online sociolects as both a reflection of social dynamics and a driving force for linguistic innovation. As digital communication evolves, the study of these sociolects will remain vital for understanding the ongoing transformation of language in the 21st century.
A bibliometric analysis of character and moral education research on gifted children
Authors: Gügen Rabia Hümeyra , Çap Aleyna , Kırca Beyza
Published: December 2024

Gifted individuals possess superior potential in intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. However, to maximize this potential for themselves and society, they must develop in the cognitive, affective, and socioemotional domains, supported by character education. Current research in giftedness emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift to support gifted individuals’ character development and ethical sensitivity within the education system. This study aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis of studies on character and moral education in gifted education and to examine the field from a panoramic perspective through parameters such as trends, prominent authors, institutions, and countries. This analysis aims to identify current needs, provide a panoramic summary of studies conducted in this area, and guide future research.
Investigating sports and disaster relief management within the framework of social integration: The case of Kahramanmaraş earthquake
Authors: Türkay Hikmet , Genç Ayça , Yiğit Şıhmehmet , Üstün Ümit Doğan , Tugal Aygül , Dere Gamze
Published: December 2024

Efficient disaster management and crisis response frequently depend on the integration of society and the involvement of community organizations. Specifically, prominent sports organizations, sports managers, and athletes have a crucial responsibility in offering disaster relief and support to individuals impacted by disasters. The purpose of this study is to examine the disaster relief efforts and initiatives provided by various institutions and individuals after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake, as well as to provide an overview of a project conducted by the authors. The present study conducted a comprehensive analysis of 86 newspapers and television news reports that focused on disaster relief efforts carried out by different sports organizations, sports managers, and athletes in various regions of Turkey. The data was analyzed using content analysis methods. This research analyzed documentary and visual records pertaining to the earthquake disaster that occurred in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023, as part of the data collection process. Data analysis identified a range of sports activities carried out by sports organizations, sports managers, and athletes to provide social support in the disaster-stricken area. These activities manifest in both tangible and emotional forms, highlighting the significance of sports in fostering social integration. As a conclusion we believe the current study revealing the prevalence and uniqueness of postdisaster relief activities by sports organizations, sports managers, and athletes might be a precedent for future research.
The Effects of a STEM-Centered Curriculum on Seventh-Grade Students’ Attitudes Towards Socio-scientific Issues
Authors: Saçan Esma , Çalışkan İlke , Kaptan Fitnat
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research was to reveal the effects of the STEM-centered program designed according to the Demirel model on seventh-grade students regarding socio-scientific issues. The research was conducted with 78 students at Melikşah Secondary School in the Sincan district of Ankara province, during the spring semester of the 2016-2017 academic year, for 19 weeks when a STEM-centered program was implemented. In the research, data were collected using the Attitude Scale Towards Socio-Scientific Issues (ASTSI). After the application of the pretest, activities prepared within the framework of a STEM-centered curriculum were applied to the experimental group, and applications aimed at the achievements determined by the seventh-grade level of science applications course were applied to the control group for one semester. At the end of the semester, ASTSI was applied to both groups as a post-test. The data obtained in the research were analyzed by the t-test analysis technique. In the study, data were analyzed with a t-test. It was observed that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group regarding the attitude towards socio-scientific issues after the Stemcentered program.
Physical activity motivations in individuals over 65 years of age participating in European Sports Week activities
Authors: Erbaş Ülfet , Gümüş Hüseyin , Karakullukçu Ömür Fatih
Published: December 2024

As the global population continues to age, there is a growing trend in the development of ageand health-specific adapted sports activities for older adults. Prior research indicated a surge in the demand for adapted sports activities among older individuals, and European Union (EU) countries have also been swift in implementing new policies in response to this growing demand. The European Week of Sports is a collaborative initiative of the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Directorate for EU Affairs. It is celebrated concurrently in 81 provinces of Turkey with the motto #BeActive, which reflects the EU’s commitment to promoting physical activity among its citizens. The present study attempts to examine the motivational factors underlying the physical activity participation of individuals aged 65 years and older participating in the European Week of Sports activities. We administered the Motivation Scale for Physical Activity Participation, developed by Tekkurşun-Demir and Cicioğlu (2018), to 1,567 individuals, 605 females and 962 males, aged 65 years and older. In addition to descriptive statistics, we adopted inferential statistics independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the data. The findings indicated that participants’ physical activity motivation did not significantly differ by gender. However, participants’ respective motivational factors significantly differed by their body mass index values. We can assert that participants of the European Week of Sports exhibited high levels of motivation and positive perceptions of health. Besides, we found that the primary motive for physical activity engagement among our participants was individual (M = 4.15, SD = .41), followed by environmental (M = 3.78, SD = .77). Overall, we concluded that participants’ physical activity motivation was not affected by gender and that perceived health and income status emerged as the most significant parameters in physical activity motivation.
Investigation of the Effect of Core Exercises Applied to Football Players on Respiratory Parameters
Authors: Şengür Emrah , Yaka Zehra
Published: December 2024

In addition to strength development, the increase in respiratory capacity has an important place in increasing the performance of athletes. For these reasons, the study aimed to examine the effect of core exercises applied to football players on respiratory parameters. The research group consisted of 12 randomly selected control groups and 12 core training groups, a total of 24 football players between the ages of 14-17 playing football at Niğde Youth and Sports Club. While the control group continued their routine football training, the core group performed static and dynamic core exercises for 45 min, 3 days a week for 8 weeks, in addition to general training. SPSS 26 program was used to analyze the data. The normality distributions of the data were determined with the Shapiro-Willk test. Percentage frequency distributions of the data were made, the Independent T test was used for intergroup comparisons, and the Paired T test was used for intra-group comparisons. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that core exercises had a positive effect on respiratory parameters.