APPROACHES TO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING SOLUTION OF A SPORTS COMPLEX OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kravtsov D. 
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the problem of designing and reconstruction of sports complexes of Ukrainian universities. In modern Ukraine, the issue of involving the population in sports is a pressing issue. Statistics show a low level of interest of the population in physical culture and sports –only 9-12%. Within the state program of development of physical education and sports it is envisaged to increase the number of sports facilities. The issue of involvement of the population in sports and the formation of a motivated attitude to physical culture and sports play an importantrole in sports complexes of universities.But, as the research shows, the network of sports complexes of Ukrainian universities is not ideal and has some drawbacks. In particular, the research of LM Kovalsky and GL Kovalsky reflects the predominant location of higher education institutions in the dense development of the central districts of cities. This arrangement adversely affects their sports complexes: there are no free areas for further expansion of sports complexes; there are no spaces for forming agroup of outdoor sports facilities; sometimes the school's own sports complexes are replaced by similar buildings of general urban purpose.The problem of designing, building and reconstruction of sports complexes of universities is raised in the works ofsuch scientist as G.G. Lebedev. In particular, the classification of institutions of physical education, rest and treatment of university students is given. It also stated the main purpose of the university's sports complex. There is a characteristic of many universities lack of nomenclature of sports spaces.The question of the theory of designing sports complexes of universities is also partly shown in the book "Physical and Sports Facilities" edited by L.V. Aristova. The authors note the problem of lackof auxiliary premises of sports spaces in conditions of intensive use of them. A number of recommendations for the calculation of the nomenclature of indoor and outdoor sports spaces of the complex, its auxiliary premises depending on the number of students of the university are given. Attention is drawn to the problem of cooperative operation of the sports complex by students and residents of surrounding residential areas. Many typical and experimental sports complexes of the Soviet period are not adaptedto this mode of operation. The authors note a number of factors that negatively affect the attractiveness of the university's sports complex for visiting other segments of the population, namely: the neglect of its material base; the location of its elements in the depths of the territory of the educational institution; placement of gyms on the upper and basement floors of educational facilities of other faculties. There are also suggestions that the formation of a cooperative sports complex of universities of technical profile with adjacent research institutes and industrial enterprises. Among the various research papers, there is no single direction for evaluating the effectiveness of the sports complex. And the researches conducted earlier reveal a certain level of inconsistency of the means of assessment offered by state normative acts with real needs. Thus, to improve the process of designing and reconstruction of sports complexes of universities it is necessary to determine the basic principles of evaluating the effectiveness of the architectural and planning decision of a sports complex.In order to identify such basics of evaluating the effectiveness of the architectural and planning decision of the sports complex, a number of architectural projects were analyzed. Based on this analysis, two main areas of assessment were formulated: the coefficient of load intensity and the simultaneous bandwidth of the complex.In order to evaluate the efficiency of land use, it is advisable to take the intensity factor, which is the ratio of the area of the sports spaces of the complex (excluding auxiliary and service facilities) to its building area. In the case of outdoor playgrounds on the operated roof, theirarea is added to the area of indoor sports spaces of the complex. The analysis of architectural and planning decisions of various sports complexes showed that the intensity factor for sports complexes of institutions of higher education with a low-level solution of sports spaces, as a rule, does not exceed 0.6. The use of a used roof for the organization of outdoor sports grounds can increase this figure by almost one and a half times. The load intensity ratio for such complexes is generally from 0.7 to 0.9. The highest efficiency of land use is demonstrated by sports complexes with a multilevel solution of sports spaces -from 0.9 to 1.2.The second aspect of evaluating the effectiveness of a higher education institution's sports complex is to assess the capacity of the complex. The capacity of the sports complex is taken as an indicator of the capacity of its sports facilities. In climatic conditions of Ukraine for a sports complex of an educational institution it is necessary to calculate separately three indicators of capacity: the capacity of open sports facilities; the capacity of the indoor sports spaces of the complex; the capacity of the swimming pool.Also, a formula for calculating the specific simultaneous bandwidth of a sports complex is proposed, depending on the contingent and features of the physical education program. The given formula will allow to estimate conformity of a nomenclature of sports spaces of a complex to needs of educational process.The directions of assessment given in the article will allow to improve the quality of the process of designing and reconstruction of sports complexes of universitiesKeywords:architectural and planning decision, sports complex, institution of higher education, efficiency, simultaneous capacity.