bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El agroecoturismo: un enfoque territorial del turismo en espacios rurales y naturales
Authors: Ramírez Castellanos Edwar David
Published: October 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito realizar un acercamiento al concepto del agroecoturismo como tipología turística en espacios rurales y analizar las características del agroecoturismo desde un enfoque de territorial. Se hizo uso de un tipo de estudio documental a partir de la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura en la materia del turismo rural y del turismo en espacios naturales, y de enfoque territorial. En lo expuesto se presenta el agroecoturismo como una opción de descanso y recreación que puede realizarse en espacios rurales y naturales, dentro de lo que se conoce como turismo alternativo. Se llega a la conclusión de que este enfoque del turismo rural, reúne los elementos territoriales para ofrecer al turista un producto enmarcado en los principios y dimensiones sociales, económicas y ambientales del desarrollo sostenible. El agroecoturismo, puede fungir como un eje articulador que potencia el desarrollo endógeno de las comunidades locales, contribuye a la conservación del medio ambiente e impulsa la diversificación de ingresos en zonas rurales, susceptibles a los riesgos de los mercados agrícolas, donde las explotaciones agropecuarias y los atributos naturales presentes, pueden conformar una oferta atractiva de turismo.
Síndrome de Proteus: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Carvajal-Aguilera Daniela Soledad , Muñoz Paula , Krämer Daniela
Published: October 2018

El síndrome de Proteus corresponde a una entidad poco frecuente caracterizada por un sobrecrecimiento progresivo de piel, tejido óseo y adiposo, debido a una mutación somática activante del gen AKT1. Distintas manifestaciones cutáneas que incluyen nevo cerebriforme de tejido conectivo plantar, nevo epidérmico, malformaciones vasculares y trastornos del tejido adiposo pueden alertar al dermatólogo para poder diagnosticar esta condición, permitiendo un manejo precoz que impida el desarrollo de complicaciones y la muerte temprana. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 9 años de edad cuya historia clínica y examen físico reflejan los hallazgos clásicos del síndrome de Proteus, recalcando la importancia de un manejo multidisciplinario oportuno.
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING IN ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: POUYA Sahar , POUYA Sima
Published: October 2018

Universities can have significant impacts on the environment because
of their huge consumption of energy and materials. In the recent years, the
universities have been considered as role model of environmental
responsibility. Over the last decades, the leading universities could perform significant
sustainability projects in which sustainable landscaping of the campuses seems more
effective. Istanbul Technical University (ITU) could also  implemented a list of renovations and  green activities including rainwater
harvesting (rain garden); bicycle usage program; forestry, irrigation system
management, sustainable lighting, waste recycling, and green pesticide over its
main green campus. This article with use of the qualitative method of
observational analyses makes attempt to survey the green projects operated in
the landscape of Maslak campus as the main green campus of ITU. It also tries
to understand the effect theses  green activities
on improving the environmental sustainability and students’ awareness about the
issue.
Conceptual Foundations of Public Interest Communications
Authors: Fessmann Jasper
Published: October 2018

This article argues that public interest communications (PIC) fundamentally emerges from public relations (PR) scholarship. PIC addresses paradigm anomalies of the excellence and relationship management theories of public relations in the specific case of activism and communication for the common good. It posits that PIC is structurally different from non-profit public relations and examines several key conceptual differences between PR and PIC.
Public Interest Communications: A Social Psychological Perspective
Authors: Seyranian Viviane
Published: October 2018

Public interest communications sheds light on how leaders and groups can optimize their social change efforts through strategic and science-based communication that serves the public good. This article examines how insights from the social psychological fields of social influence and intergroup relations can inform public interest communications, drawing on the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the Context-Comparison Model, majority and minority influence processes, and Social Identity Theory. Overall, these social psychological insights could be applied to advance both the research agendas and the practice of the growing discipline of public interest communications.
Audience Reactions to Climate Change and Science in Disaster Cli-fi Films: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Griffin Lauren N
Published: October 2018

Little scholarly attention has been paid to how audiences interpret pop culture messages about climate. This paper addresses this issue by taking up the case of disaster cli-fi films and exploring how audiences react to film representations of climate change. It draws on data from focus groups to evaluate audience responses to disaster cli-fi films. Analysis reveals that by only briefly discussing climate change in their plotlines, the films weaken their environmental message. The paper concludes with a discussion of the effects of disaster cli-fi films on environmental attitudes and suggestions for further research.
Care in Crisis: An Applied Model of Care Considerations for Ethical Strategic Communication
Authors: Fraustino Julia Daisy , Kennedy Amanda K.
Published: October 2018

Crises ranging from organizational wrongdoings to natural disasters cause destruction and even deaths. Communication is crucial for reducing harm and protecting public interest. This work forms foundations for ethical public interest communications (PIC) based organizational communications throughout the crisis lifecycle and across contexts. The Applied Model of Care Considerations (AMCC) is proposed and developed. The AMCC presents cross-cutting care considerations (i.e., relationships, interdependence, vulnerability, reciprocity) and four landscapes of care (i.e., physical, cultural, political/economic, human). Model constructs are applied to: (1) Nestlé’s decades-long global baby-formula-promotion controversy, and (2) #DeleteUber consumer outrage surrounding the ride-sharing app’s perceived profiting from travel-ban protests. Rooted in feminist normative philosophies, this research addresses literature’s lack of: (1) general crisis ethics theory, (2) applied crisis communications ethics, and (3) feminist-theory-oriented crisis communication.
The Public Interest Behind #JeSuisCharlie and #JeSuisAhmed: Social Media and Hashtag Virality as Mechanisms for Western Cultural Imperialism
Authors: Arceneaux Phillip
Published: October 2018

As social creatures, humans are highly involved in storytelling. With the continued advancement of communication systems, the mechanisms for telling the narrative of human events also have evolved. Social media and the memetic properties of hashtags’ going viral are the apex of modern, digitally mediated, storytelling tools. This critical essay discussed two hashtags, i.e., narratives, of the Charlie Hebdo Paris shooting to illustrate how hashtag virality can be a mechanism for the spread and enforcement of Western perspectives. It then explored precedents under which international law could potentially warrant regulation of such behavior. Concerned with the protection of human diversity and cultural pluralism, this essay advanced a normative course of action to facilitate social change as conceived by an interdisciplinary framework.
Assessment and forecast of technogenic pollution impact on the mineral composition of surface waters of Ukraine.
Authors: Kotova Tatyan
Published: October 2018

The assessment and forecasting of the quality of water sources that can be suitable for public water supply and the implementation of the principles of the Water Framework EU Directive 2000/60 / are of great importance on the threshold of the third millennium. The rationale of the research stems from the fact that at the current stage of development of commercial public water supply systems, 70% of water use in Ukraine is provided from surface sources (the EU average is 20%). According to existing standards, all major rivers of our country, as well as their main tributaries, are considered to be "polluted" and "very polluted".It became extremely urgent to study the stages of long-term changes in the mineralization indexin the aquatic ecosystem under the influence of external factors and to obtain dependencies to determinethe maximum value of the mineralization index, which can be accumulated in the aquatic ecosystem,and time needed for the lake or river system toachieve the new stage of technogenic equilibrium.

The determined regularities may formthe basis for justification of the maximum allowable water loads for different regions of Ukraine to ensure their adequate level of environmental safety, and to improve the work efficiency of water treatment facilities.The assessmentand forecasting of the technogenic pollution impact on the mineral composition of surface waters of Ukraine is carried out.
Assessing the impact of banking intermediationon the economy of Russian regions: The post-crisis trends
Authors: Krinichansky K. , Fatkin A.
Published: October 2018

The paper explores the changes in relative levels of banking services availability in Russia’s regions in 2007-2015 and the relationship between the regional financial development characteristics and the indicators of GRP and investments on the regional level in 2002-2014. For 2013-2015, the paper demonstrates the divergence of regions by the composite indicator - the composite banking services density index by region and its separate components. A significant positive relationship of indicators characterizing the regions’ financial mediator services density with the indicators of GRP has been revealed. This relationship is non-linear which is demonstrated in different sensitivity of GRP per capita by groups of regions to the indicators of financial mediation, so that regions with relatively lower or, on the contrary, higher GRP per capita show weaker or no relationship between finance and growth, whereas regions of “central” groups with medium values of GRP demonstrate stronger connection.
Planning and opportunism
Authors: Tambovtsev V.
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes the occurrence of opportunistic behaviour opportunities in the planning processes. The following types of planning are distinguished: self-planning, collective planning, planning on behalf (or by contract), and directive (or prescriptive) planning. It is shown that any type of it excluding self-planning generates incentives to opportunistic behavior. Within this frame-work, two popular approaches in the planning theory are analyzed: participative planning and communicative one; it is shown that they are open to opportunism too. Basing on this analysis, the spheres of economy where government planning can be more efficient than market coordination mechanism are outlined.
Optimization of Russia’s international reserves structure: Theoretical approaches, practical implementation
Authors: Ivanchenko I.
Published: October 2018

The article analyzes the transformation of theoretical principles that underlie the formation of the international reserves structure over the past few centuries. It is concluded that these principles are based on the postulates of different schools of economic thought that perpetuate unequal exchange of goods in international trade, stimulate export of raw materials from developing countries and accumulation of international reserves, and also contribute to improving the level of consumption in developed countries. In addition, the article presents the results of studying the structure of Russia’s international reserves portfolio using the method of H. Markowitz. The implementation of this approach would make it possible to increase the income generated by the Russian reserves, and reduce the risk of fluctuations in their value.
Agglomeration effects, institutions, and natural resources in the changing economic geography of Russia
Authors: Skorobogatov A.
Published: October 2018

The paper discusses a number of hypotheses as potential explanations of the spatial income distribution in Russia. The hypotheses include the increasing return hypothesis, the institutions hypothesis and the simple and sophisticated versions of the geography hypothesis. According to the existing evidence, the sophisticated geography hypothesis fits best Russian data. This suggests that the changes in spatial income distribution follow the changes in local geographical characteristics and in their economic value.
Analysis of the Bank of Russia information policy
Authors: Drobyshevsky S. , Trunin P. , Bozhechkova A. , Gorunov E. , Petrova D.
Published: October 2018

The article investigates the Bank of Russia information policy using a new approach to measuring information effects on Russian data, including the analysis of the tonality of news reports, as well as internet users’ queries on Google. The efficiency of regulator’s information signals is studied using EGARCH-, VAR- models, as well as nonparametric tests. The authors conclude that the regulator communicates effectively in terms of the predictability of interest rate policy, the degree to which information signals affect the money and foreign exchange markets.
Changes in household deposits structure: Liquidity and stability of bank liabilities
Authors: Trofimov D.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents comparative analysis of the impact of changes in the economic and social situation in Europe on the volume and structure of bank liabilities generated by households. It also identifies downside risks to deposits volume and structure analyzing deposits dynamics in Russia. The approach to liquidity calculation indicators and stable part of banks’ liabilities definition based on the use of portfolio of homogeneous deposits of mass categories of households is also proposed.
Societal and economic effects of linguistic diversity
Authors: Weber S. , Davydov D.
Published: October 2018

We discuss the various approaches to identification and quantitative measurement of linguistic diversity. Through the examination of theoretical underpinnings of diversity indices and the empirical measurement of diversity, we analyze how the linguistic differences alter economic behavior of various individuals and groups. We then turn to the impact of linguistic diversity on economic and social outcomes, such as economic development, growth, and quality of the institutions on regional and country level.
Strategy of Growth for Russia
Authors: Titov B. , Shirov A.
Published: October 2018

The article reviews the main problems of the current Russian economy and economic policy. The challenges of the economic development in the short-, medium and long-term periods are formulated. Special attention is paid to the principles of financing of economic growth and problems of management of the economy in the process of economic policy implementation. A description of a system of key indicators of the “Strategy of growth” program with the emphasis on changes in the quality and standards of life of the population is given.
Russia and the World: How Sustainable is Economic Growth? Risks and Barriers
Authors: Ershov M.
Published: October 2018

Relative stabilization of economic situation in a large number of countries is now coupled with the growing concerns about the political events. New US sanctions against Russia contribute to this. In economic sphere QE reduction plans, central bank balance sheet optimization which became excessively large, also create concerns. Growing interest of market participants to the high risk transactions, which is caused by lower volatility and low levels of yield, also raise doubts.
Potential costs and benefits of monetary integration in the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Vinokurov E. , Demidenko M. , Korshunov D.
Published: October 2018

The Treaty of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), in force in 2015, marked the transition to the deep regional economic integration, including the coordination of macroeconomic and monetary poliсies. The paper provides quantitative analysis of the costs and benefits of the ultimate scenario, namely of the hypothetical monetary union. The analysis indicates that the monetary union would require a large-scale preparatory work by the EAEU member states and is justified only in the long term.
Creative economy: Towards cultural heritage capitalization
Authors: Abankina T.
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes trends in the development of the creative economy in Russia and estimates the export potential of the Russian creative industries. The author demonstrates that modern concepts of cultural heritage preservation focus on increasing the efficiency of its use and that building creative potential and systematic support of the creative industries are becoming a key task of the strategic development of regions and municipalities in the post-industrial era.
Price interactions in the Russian credit market: Who is fighting whom and when do banks facilitate collusion?
Authors: Mamonov M.
Published: October 2018

This paper analyzes how banks react on the interest rate policy of their rivals when the industry-wide price competition is strengthening over different phases of business cycle in both retail and corporate segments of credit market in Russia. Our estimations, based on the models proposed in the literature on New Industrial Empirical Organization (NIEO), show that price wars are taking place from time to time in the retail as well as in the corporate segments of Russian credit market; more often - in periods of macroeconomic crisis, and are started by the banks from the top-30 group (in terms of assets, excluding Sberbank), the most warlike group within the Russian banking system. During the non-crisis periods banks are turning to facilitate collusions. The retail segment of credit market appears to be significantly more competitive as compared to the corporate one.
Russia in international capital movement: Turn of tendencies
Authors: Bulatov A.
Published: October 2018

The paper deals with the past, current and future situation in Russian capital outflow and inflow. The specific features of the past situation (2001-2013) were as follows: big scale of Russian participation in international capital movement; turnover of national capital between Russia and offshores; stable surplus of capital outflow over inflow; inadequacy of industrial structure of capital inflow to Russian needs. The current situation is characterized by such new features as radical cut in volumes of capital outflow and inflow, some decrease in its level of offshorization. In the mid-term the probability of continuation of current trends is high. In the long-term the mode of Russian participation in international capital movement will prima facie depend on prospects of realization of systematic reforms in the Russian economy.
Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff
Authors: Klinova M. , Sidorova E.
Published: October 2018

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.
The fate of economic programs and reforms in Russia (Proceedings of the roundtable discussion at the XVIII April international academic conference on economic and social development)
Authors: Polterovich V. , Dmitriev M. , Yakovlev A. , Gurvich E. , Auzan A.
Published: October 2018

The roundtable discussion held on April 12, 2017 at the XVIII April international academic conference on economic and social development (April 11-14,2017, Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics) in cooperation with ARETT. In their presentations the participants of the roundtable considered the most serious issues related to working out and implementation of economic programs and reforms in Russia. The participants tried to understand the reasons of poor realization of program documents, reveal their advantages and drawbacks, and formulate the positive agenda.
Post-Soviet economy development: From the past to the future
Authors: Yasin E.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to major events in the history of the post-Soviet economy, their influence on forming and development of modern Russia. The author considers stages of restructuring, market reforms, transformational crisis, and recovery growth (1999-2011), as well as a current period which started in2011 and is experiencing serious problems. The present situation is analyzed, four possible scenarios are put forward for Russia: “inertia”, “mobilization”, “decisive leap”, “gradual democratic development”. More than 30 experts were questioned in the process of working out the scenarios.
Ruble as a currency for internationalsettlements: Problems and prospects
Authors: Gavrilov N. , Prilepskiy I.
Published: October 2018

The article studies recent trends in the international role of the ruble. It is demonstrated that, despite the rise in the share of ruble settlements in Russian foreign trade, as well as in nominal value of ruble transactions in foreign exchange markets, ruble’s position in the global currency system has generally deteriorated. The analysis of factors behind choice of settlement currency, as well as of country cases, shows that, for ruble’s role to rise in the future, Russian authorities need to, on the one hand, ensure macroeconomic stability and promote economic diversification; on the other hand, take special measures to develop settlement systems, enhance financial market infrastructure, expand the volume of trade finance and trade credit insurance denominated in rubles.
To reduce losses of creditors from the bankruptcies of russian banks?
Authors: Ezrokh Y.
Published: October 2018

The article examines the economic issues related to the difficulties of creditors in obtaining funds after the bankruptcy of Russian banks at the present stage (2010-2016). It determines the amount of their financial and other losses, reveals the main problems that lead to low efficiency of forced refunds and grounds a set of innovative measures designed to reduce the huge losses of clients of liquidated bankrupt banks.
Assessment of gross urban product in Russian citiesand its contribution to Russian GDP in 2000-2015
Authors: Kosareva N. , Polidi T.
Published: October 2018

The article presents a new methodology for estimating gross urban product in Russian cities under extremely low statistical data availability about urban economies performance. Gross urban product estimates provide new analytical instruments for assessing disparities in economic development between more than 1000 Russian cities and other areas, cities’ contribution to GDP and for comparing indicators of Russian cities with these of foreign countries.
The impact of banks’ capital adequacy ratio on bank lending channel of monetary transmission in Russia
Authors: Borzykh O.
Published: October 2018

The new Basel III rules of macroprudential regulation were introduced for the Russian banking sector in 2014. This article analyzes a previously unexamined for Russia impact of capital adequacy ratio on the effectiveness of bank lending channel. It is shown that when banks satisfy capital regulation rules this has a direct influence on this channel of monetary transmission mechanism: a high capital adequacy ratio weakens a contractionary effect of an increase in the Bank of Russia key rate and further stimulates credit growth when the Bank of Russia decreases its key rate. The peculiar properties of the Bank of Russia key rate dynamics in the previous years allowed to reveal the asymmetry of monetary transmission. Such an analysis also reflects the value-added of the present study.
Forming a new reality: From quasi-market to contractual razdatok
Authors: Bessonova O.
Published: October 2018

The article analyzes the key properties of the basic institutional models of the 21st century - the quasi-market and contractual razdatok . It shows that as a result of institutional evolution, during which the razdatok and the market are improving their forms, a new reality is being formed, which is no longer in contrasting market and razdatok institutions, but in their synthesis. Integration of the market and razdatok occurs in two types of synthesis, and leads to the formation of either a quasi-market model or a contractual razdatok . The quasi-market is the reason for the rent-seeking motivation and stagnation of the economy, while the contractual razdatok is a new universal model, leading to dynamic growth.
Farm productivity and agroholdings membership: Farm-level evidence from the Russian Far East
Authors: Vasilyeva O. , Bilko A.
Published: October 2018

Does business-group affiliation matter for productivity in Russian agriculture? To address this question we use farm-level data from the Amur region for 2008-2014. We find that total factor productivity is higher for independent corporate farms compared to agro-holdings members. Our findings are robust to the choice of the production functional form as well as to the choice of resource measures.
Path from human capital to economic growth: A free highway or a complicated labyrinth?
Authors: Lyubimov I.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we consider a number of causes which can potentially explain why human capital accumulation policies might have limited effect on economic growth. Mixed empirical results can be found in the literature, both supporting and questioning the key role of human capital as an important cause of economic growth. We focus on the latter and start from pointing at inaccurate indicators of human capital accumulation, such as the average years of schooling, which might not reflect with acceptable level of accuracy the level of human capital accumulated in a particular economy. We then consider the role of other causes of economic growth, such as property rights protection or financial markets development, which might affect the demand for human capital, thus potentially limiting the effect of a policy affecting the supply of human capital. We then discuss the efficiency of human capital distribution among various activities in a particular economy and argue that the way the economy uses its human capital stock might matter for its growth rates. Finally we point at potential flaws in education policy, which might result in slow accumulation of human capital.
From the economy of individuals to systemic economy
Authors: Kleiner G.
Published: October 2018

The article examines the evolution of the main features of the Russian economy in terms of the types of key actors of economic development. The concept of the general actor as the predominant type of relatively independent socio-economic subsystems that determine the impact on the functioning of the national economy is introduced. The movement of the economy from “the state economy” to “the economy of individuals” and further to “the economy of socioeconomic and administrative-political systems” is traced. The preconditions for the transition of the national economy to the phase of the systemic economy as the harmonic economy with high-level coordination of various-scale and various-quality subsystems of the economy and society are noted.
Two discourses in Russian economic science
Authors: Grigoryev L.
Published: October 2018

World economic science covers a huge variety of theoretical and practical issues. Russian socio-economic transformation is its natural part of theoretical studies. We believe that this is an objective situation of “two discourses”. Many Russian scientists work in the sphere of the “World discourse” and have achieved certain individual successes. The efforts of Russian scientists concentrate on national problems, so the volume of research and publications in the “Russian discourse” is much greater, as is our contribution to economic science. Interest in the “Russian discourse” on the part of the world science is limited and it cannot get a lot of place in high-profile journals, which is reflected in the ratings. Differences in the discourses are not rigid, but noticeably correspond with the groups of authors of scientific works. Works on the “Russian discourse” determine the picture of publications in the national journal field.
On everyday academic research
Authors: Tirole J.
Published: October 2018

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.
Disbelief in the future and “negative investment” in health capital in contemporary Russia
Authors: Rozmainsky I. V. , Tatarkin A. S.
Published: October 2018

The article attempts to explain the low life expectancy in Russia, especially among men. It is shown that negative investments in health capital, in particular, smoking and refusal to exercise, are the main reason for this phenomenon. A hypothesis is being tested that the most important reason for smoking and neglecting sports is the people’s reluctance to calculate the long-term consequences of their decisions. This reluctance can be described by the concept of investment myopia. This term is understood as the exclusion from consideration of future results, beginning with a certain threshold moment of time. Investment myopia is considered as the most important consequence of disbelief in the future, which, in turn, can be generated by pessimism, uncertainty or ingrained psychology of the “provisional ruler”.
Revenues, grants, and fiscal incentives-evaluation and the causes of decentralization effectsin the budgetary system of Russia
Authors: Timushev E. N.
Published: October 2018

The concept of the flypaper effect is used in analyzing fiscal incentives of the budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation receiving non-earmarked federal grants. The calculations for 2005-2015 revealed an absence of the flypaper effect in general. A federal grant produces downward pressure even on aggregate spending of a recipient budget, reflecting negative fiscal stimulus and loss of well-being, and demonstrating the negative effect of intergovern_mental relations in the current arrangement of the budgetary system of Russia. Depending on the evaluation parameters, the flypaper effect was identified in the budgets of the subjects of the South and North-Caucasian federal districts and was absent in North-West, Ural and Far East districts. Vertical imbalance and the use of discretionary balancing grants are ruled out as factors of the flypaper effect. At the same time, the effect of inelasticity of budget expenditures and indirect taxation are confirmed to generate the flypaper effect.
Reasons for contracting predetermined suppliers: Results of an empirical study
Authors: Yakovlev A. A. , Tkachenko A. V. , Rodionova Yu. D.
Published: October 2018

The experience of the last decade has demonstrated that the state policy on the extension of competitive procedures in public procurement has been challenged by the attempts of customers and suppliers to restrict competition. The mass survey of customers and suppliers carried out by the Institute for Industrial and Market Studies in 2017 showed that about a half of the customers  followed a strategy of contracting predetermined suppliers in 2014—2016. Moreover, different explanations of this practice (justification, accusation or a combination of both reasons) allowed us to identify groups of suppliers that differ significantly in their models of behavior in the public procurement market.
Financial structure in Russia: Conclusions for state policy
Authors: Danilov Y. A. , Pivovarov D. A.
Published: October 2018

The article examines the financial structure of Russia. A retrospective analysis of the concept of financial development in the world economic science was conducted. To calculate the quantitative characteristics of Russia’s financial structure, both the indicators from international practice and the original ones supplementing them were used. The analysis of the influence of the financial structure on economic growth was conducted, on the basis of which the conclusion was made about the need to implement state policy aimed at achieving an outstripping growth of the non-banking financial sector. The reasons for this conclusion are given in the discussion of the results.
Analysis of expert and official oil price forecasts
Authors: Gurvich E. T. , Prilepskiy I. V.
Published: October 2018

The article studies the factors affecting formation of oil price forecasts by leading expert and official organizations (International Energy Agency, US Energy Information Administration, World Bank, OPEC, RF Ministry of Economic Development). It is demonstrated that all these forecasts take into account both oil market fundamentals and the current conjuncture, but the significance of these factors differs by agency. Non-linear dependence between forecast accuracy and horizon length is identified. The error is greatest for the projections 6 to 8 years ahead, which may be explained by the mismatch between the linear nature of the forecasts and the actual cyclical oil price dynamics during the last 50 years. Accuracy of short- to medium-term projections by the Ministry of Economic Development is shown to hold a median position among forecasting agencies, with the leading position held by the US Energy Information Administration.
Impacts of Paris Agreement on Russian economy
Authors: Makarov I. A. , Henry C. , Sergey V. P.
Published: October 2018

The paper applies multiregional CGE Economic Policy Projection and Analysis (EPPA) model to analyze major risks the Paris Agreement on climate change adopted in 2015 brings to Russia. The authors come to the conclusion that if parties of the Agreement meet their targets that were set for 2030 it may lead to the decrease of average annual GDP growth rates by 0.2-0.3 p. p. Stricter climate policies beyond this year would bring GDP growth rates reduction in2035-2050 by additional 0.5 p. p. If Russia doesn’t ratify Paris Agreement, these losses may increase. In order to mitigate these risks, diversification of Russian economy is required.
Nikolay Sieber in the history of prerevolutionary Russian economic thought
Authors: Shirokorad L. D.
Published: October 2018

This article shows how representatives of various theoretical currents in economics at different times in history interpreted the efforts of Nikolay Sieber in defending and developing Marxian economic theory and assessed his legacy and role in forming the Marxist school in Russian political economy. The article defines three stages in this process: publication of Sieber’s work dedicated to the analysis of the first volume of Marx’s Das Kapital and criticism of it by Russian opponents of Marxian economic theory; assessment of Sieber’s work by the narodniks, “Legal Marxists”, Georgiy Plekhanov, and Vladimir Lenin; the decline in interest in Sieber in light of the growing tendency towards an “organic synthesis” of the theory of marginal utility and the Marxist social viewpoint.
A cross-country comparative analysis of the Russian financial sector model
Authors: Stolbov M. I. , Goloshchapova I. O. , Solntsev O. G. , Akhmetov R. R. , Pankova V. A. , Tsepilova E. A.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, based on a cross-country analysis, the authors distil different models of the financial sector, which are characterized by peculiar interrelations among size, structure, efficiency, stability, inclusion and the institutional quality of financial development. Against this backdrop, the model of the Russian financial sector is described. To identify the financial sector models, cluster analysis involving the EM algorithm with a Bayesian extension is performed on a vast sample of countries. The analysis allows setting key long-term indicators of the Russian financial sector development, taking into consideration its potential of transition to the cluster of more financially advanced economies.
Glushetsky A. A. Authorized capital: stereotypes and their overcoming. Economic analysis of corporate law
Authors: Palamarchuk V. P.
Published: October 2018

.
Factors of economic growth: Empirical analysis of industrialization and investments in technological upgrade
Authors: Sukharev O. S. , Voronchikhina E. N.
Published: October 2018

The article discusses the conditions of forming of a new industrial economic growth model. They are determined by the already established model of growth that is characterized by the dominance of the transactional sector, as well as the impact on the GDP dynamics of each of its components. The structural analysis of economic growth with the assessment of the industrialization level according to the authors’ criteria, as well as the empirical analysis of investments in various kinds of technologies that determine the economic system technological level, are conducted. The ‘general’ and ‘special’ industrialization criteria allow us to determine whether the economy is industrial by structure or by level of technological development. It is shown that the low level of industrialization, especially by the ‘special’ criterion, is not predetermined. The structure of investments in different kinds of technologies affects the economy technological level and its change. Policy measures aimed at the creation of a new model of industrial growth for the Russian economy, mechanical engineering and commodity sector should account for that.
Entrepreneurship and institutions: Does the relationship exist at the regional level in Russia?
Authors: Barinova V. A. , Zemtsov S. P. , Tsareva Y. V.
Published: October 2018

Despite many governmental support programs, the entrepreneurship development in Russia is still very uneven. In this article we analyze numerous studies on entrepreneurship and find out that the institutional background in general and in certain regions is very important for the development of entrepreneurship. The risks of doing business, the complexity and duration of administrative procedures, access to capital, regulation and informal community norms are of extreme importance. The aim of this paper is to identify regional institutional factors for the development of small enterprises in Russia. With the help of the proposed econometric model we show that high investment risks and large number of economic crimes are significant deterrents for the entrepreneurial activity in Russia. The banking services’ availability and the proximity of large markets, combined with the human capital concentration, contribute to the entrepreneurship development. The impact of state support turned out to be not significant. We formulate some policy advice for entrepreneurship support in Russia.
Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development
Authors: Grigoryev L. M. , Pavlyushina V. A.
Published: October 2018

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.
Three questions to political economy (An attempt of system introspection)
Authors: Kleiner G. B.
Published: October 2018

The development of the system paradigm in economic science leads to the formulation of a number of important questions to the political economy as one of the basic directions of economic theory. In this article, on the basis of system introspection, three questions are considered. The first is the relevance of the class approach to the structuring of the socio-economic space; the second is the feasibility of revising the notion of property in the modern world; the third is the validity of the notion of changing formations as the sequence of “slave-owning system — feudal system — capitalist system”. It is shown that in modern society the system approach to the structuring of socio-economic space is more relevant than the class one. Today the classical notion of “property” does not reflect the diversity of production and economic relations in society and should be replaced by the notion of “system property”, which provides a significant expansion of the concepts of “subject of property” and “object of property”. The change of social formations along with the linear component has a more influential cyclic constituent and obeys the system-wide cyclic regularity that reflects the four-cycle sequence of the dominance of one of the subsystems of the macrosystem: project, object, environment and process.
The logic of a systemic paradigm in economics (On the book by G. B. Kleiner and M. A. Rybachuk “Systemic balance of the economy”)
Authors: Nizhegorodtsev R. M.
Published: October 2018

The key methodological aspect of the monograph under discussion is the principle of consistency. The authors develop the logic of systemic interaction of four types of substances — environment, object, process and project, the unity of which they call a tetrad. That quadruple principle of consistency is applied to various socio-economic systems — from enterprises and their units to the global economy. At the same time, the authors reveal a certain cyclicity in the development of economic systems of any level associated with the alternation of four basic phases, each of which is associated with one of the four basic substances. The monograph also explores the principle of nesting economic systems into each other, characterizing the presence or absence of fractality, self-similarity. Although this self-similarity has a substantial basis, but decision-making is influenced by the inner structure of utility functions of agents at different levels, aggregation of which is an independent and very complex task. Special attention is paid to “dismanagement”, i.e. decision-making based on the use of managerial dysfunctions. The authors advance the “animalistic” direction in the theory of a firm, trying to comprehend theoretically the category of the “soul of a company”.
Russian electric power industry reform: 10 years later
Authors: Chubais A. B.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the main results of the reform of the Russian electric power industry — the reorganization of RAO UES of Russia. Over the past 10 years since the reform, it has become clear that its main goals have been achieved. The monopoly branch, controlled by the state, has turned into a market one based on competition and private property. The necessary structural changes were made in the industry; a system of markets was created; large-scale investments were launched. All this led to a sharp increase in capacity inputs in Russia’s electric power industry. As a result of the reform, the price of electricity for the population, taking into account the PPP, that is, the real standard of living in Russia, and for the majority of industrial consumers is lower than in the leading foreign countries. It has become possible to improve the reliability of the power system and preserve its technological integrity. Proposals for further improvement of the Russian electric power industry are formulated.
“Mathematical manuscripts” by Karl Marx (On the occasion of the 200th birth anniversary)
Authors: Eliseeva I. I. , Dmitriev A. L.
Published: October 2018

The article gives a brief review of the prehistory of the appearance of “Mathematical Manuscripts” by K. Marx published in the USSR in 1968 as a separate volume not included in the second edition of Marx and Engels collected works. The conclusion is drawn that the study of the divisions of higher mathematics (primarily differential and integral calculi) by Marx was connected with his desire to turn to the works of representatives of the “mathematical school” (O. Cournot, J. H. Thünen, W. Jevons, L. Walras and etc.), which was actively developing since the 1860s, and to understand the possibilities of the mathematical language for studying economic processes. The role of “Mathematical Manuscripts” as a kind of “cover” of the movement for applying mathematical methods in economics that arose in the USSR in the 1960s is identified.
Balance of payments of contemporary Russia: Specificities, management, prospects
Authors: Bulatov A. S.
Published: October 2018

The paper puts a set of questions: why the current account of oil exporting Russia is not only positive but also comparatively stable; what management of the balance of payments is made to support this surplus and how does it impact the economic development of Russia; what are the prospects of the evolution of the balance of payments in the light of tasks of national economy modernization? As a respond to the first two questions the paper analyzes the structure of the balance of payments and principal instruments used by the Bank of Russia to manage it as well as the contradictory impact of this management on economic development of the country. The scenario of active modernization of national economy is put forward as the basis for the analysis of the future evolution of the balance of payments of Russia.