bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Monitoring of Floating Marine Macro-Litter Using a Multi-Spectral Sensor and Classification Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Jeong Youchul , Shin Jisun , Lee Jong-Seok , Baek Ji-Yeon , Schläpfer Daniel , Kim Sin-Young , Jeong Jin-Yong , Jo Young-Heon
Published: November 2024

Increasing global plastic usage has raised critical concerns regarding marine pollution. This study addresses the pressing issue of floating marine macro-litter (FMML) by developing a novel monitoring system using a multi-spectral sensor and drones along the southern coast of South Korea. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model was utilized to classify four distinct marine litter materials: film, fiber, fragment, and foam. Automatic atmospheric correction with the drone data atmospheric correction (DROACOR) method, which is specifically designed for currently available drone-based sensors, ensured consistent reflectance across altitudes in the FMML dataset. The CNN models exhibited promising performance, with precision, recall, and F1 score values of 0.9, 0.88, and 0.89, respectively. Furthermore, gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM), an object recognition technique, allowed us to interpret the classification performance. Overall, this study will shed light on successful FMML identification using multi-spectral observations for broader applications in diverse marine environments.
Mapping Seagrass Distribution and Abundance: Comparing Areal Cover and Biomass Estimates Between Space-Based and Airborne Imagery
Authors: Hill Victoria J. , Zimmerman Richard C. , Byron Dorothy A. , Heck Kenneth L.
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Planet satellite imagery in mapping seagrass coverage in Santa Rosa Sound, Florida. We compared very-high-resolution aerial imagery (0.3 m) collected in September 2022 with high-resolution Planet imagery (~3 m) captured during the same period. Using supervised classification techniques, we accurately identified expansive, continuous seagrass meadows in the satellite images, successfully classifying 95.5% of the 11.18 km2 of seagrass area delineated manually from the aerial imagery. Our analysis utilized an occurrence frequency (OF) product, which was generated by processing ten clear-sky images collected between 8 and 25 September 2022 to determine the frequency with which each pixel was classified as seagrass. Seagrass patches encompassing at least nine pixels (~200 m2) were almost always detected by our classification algorithm. Using an OF threshold equal to or greater than >60% provided a high level of confidence in seagrass presence while effectively reducing the impact of small misclassifications, often of individual pixels, that appeared sporadically in individual images. The image-to-image uncertainty in seagrass retrieval from the satellite images was 0.1 km2 or 2.3%, reflecting the robustness of our classification method and allowing confidence in the accuracy of the seagrass area estimate. The satellite-retrieved leaf area index (LAI) was consistent with previous in situ measurements, leading to the estimate that 2700 tons of carbon per year are produced by the Santa Rosa Sound seagrass ecosystem, equivalent to a drawdown of approximately 10,070 tons of CO2. This satellite-based approach offers a cost-effective, semi-automated, and scalable method of assessing the distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation that provides numerous ecosystem services.
Rapid High-Precision Ranging Technique for Multi-Frequency BDS Signals
Authors: Sun Jie , Wei Jiaolong , Tang Zuping , Duan Yuze
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of BeiDou satellite navigation applications has led to a growing demand for real-time high-precision positioning services. Currently, high-precision positioning services face challenges such as a long initialization time and heavy reliance on reference station networks, thereby failing to fulfill the requirements for real-time, wide-area, and centimeter-level positioning. In this study, we consider the multi-frequency signals that are broadcast by a satellite to share a common reference clock and possess identical RF channels and propagation paths with strict temporal, spectral, and spatial coupling between signal components, resulting in strongly coherent propagation delays. Firstly, we accurately establish a multi-frequency signal model that fully exploits those coherent characteristics among the multi-frequency BDS signals. Subsequently, we propose a rapid high-precision ranging technique using the code and carrier phases of multi-frequency signals. The proposed method unitizes multi-frequency signals via a coherent joint processing unit consisting of a joint tracking state estimator and a coherent signal generator. The joint tracking state estimator simultaneously estimates the biased pseudorange and its change rate, ionospheric delay and its change rate, and ambiguities. The coherent signal generator updates the numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) to adjust the local reference signal’s code and carrier replicas of different frequencies, changing them according to the state estimated by the joint tracking state estimator. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the proposed method efficiently diminishes the estimated biased pseudorange and ionospheric delay errors to below 0.1 m. Furthermore, this method reduces the carrier phase errors by more than 60% compared with conventional single-frequency-independent tracking methods. Consequently, the proposed method can achieve rapid centimeter-level results ranging for up to 1 min without using precise atmosphere corrections and provide enhanced tracking sensitivity and robustness.
Identifying the Interactive Coercive Relationships Between Urbanization and Eco-Environmental Quality in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins, China
Authors: Zheng Liang , Wu Jiahui , Chen Qian , Wang Jianpeng , Chen Wanxu , Pan Sipei
Published: November 2024

Urbanization, as an important engine of modernization, plays an important role in promoting regional economy and improving living standards. Nevertheless, unchecked urban expansion over recent decades has strained natural resources and the environment, leading to crises, especially in densely populated urban areas that act as ecological barriers within river basins. The investigation of the interactive coercive relationship between the urbanization level (UL) and eco-environmental quality (EEQ) can facilitate the identification of sustainable pathways towards regional sustainability. Therefore, this study employed a set of multidisciplinary approaches, integrating simple linear regression, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, and coupling coordination degree (CCD) models, alongside multi-source remote sensing data to analyze the interactive coercive relationship between UL and EEQ in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins (YYRBs) in China. Key findings included a 6.97% improvement in EEQ in the Yellow River basin (YLRB) from 2001 to 2020, with higher values in the southeastern and southwestern regions and lower values in the central region, while the Yangtze River basin (YTRB) saw only a 1.28% increase, characterized by a lower EEQ in the west and higher levels in the middle and east, although the Yangtze River Delta showed a decline and significant variation among tributaries. UL rose steadily in both basins, especially in the middle reaches of the YLRB. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a positive correlation between UL and EEQ in the YLRB, whereas a negative correlation was found in the YTRB. The CCD between UL and EEQ in the YYRBs improved, particularly in the middle and lower reaches, indicating the need for integrated urban development strategies that consider regional ecological capacities. These findings provided a scientific basis for ecological protection and sustainable urban development at a large river basin scale.
Two Types of Size-Biased Samples When Modeling Extreme Phenomena
Authors: Batsidis Apostolos , Tzavelas George , Economou Polychronis
Published: November 2024

The present research deals with two possible sources of bias that arise naturally from the selection procedure when modeling extreme phenomena. More specifically, the first type of bias arises when an r-size-biased sample from a set of maximum values is selected, while the second one occurs when a random sample of maxima is observed where each observation is obtained by a series of r-size-biased samples. The concept of weighted distributions is used, not only to describe both cases but also as an adjustment methodology. The differences between the two types of bias are discussed, while the impact of ignoring the bias on the estimation of the unknown parameters is revealed both theoretically and with the use of a simulation study, under the assumption that the parent distribution belongs to the Fréchet maximum domain of attraction. Finally, numerical results indicate that ignorance of the bias or misspecification of r results in inconsistent estimators.
Alignment of Learning Outcomes in the Technique and Technology Curriculum in Serbia with Key Competencies for Lifelong Learning: A Mixed-Method Convergent Design Approach
Authors: Jokić Snežana Vitomir , Pardanjac Marjana , Tasić Nemanja , Vignjević Katarina , Dobardžić Dilan
Published: November 2024

This study comprehensively analyzes the alignment of the Technique and Technology curriculum for grades 5–8 in Serbia’s primary education system with key competencies for lifelong learning, following the 2018 Council of the European Union Recommendation. Using a mixed-method approach, specifically a convergent design as outlined by Creswell, this study combines qualitative content analysis with descriptive statistics to assess the distribution of competencies across grades. The integration of qualitative and quantitative data provides a more comprehensive understanding of the curriculum’s alignment with key competencies. Findings reveal an imbalance between theoretical and practical outcomes, particularly in digital literacy, where practical skills are prioritized over theoretical understanding. Similarly, entrepreneurial modules lack activities promoting critical thinking and initiative. The curriculum emphasizes practical skills but needs to improve its theoretical framework, especially in programming and entrepreneurial finance. It also lacks activities that develop positive attitudes, such as innovation and teamwork, which are crucial for lifelong learning. Recommendations include increasing practical Science, Technology, and Engineering (STE) projects, enhancing theoretical content in digital and entrepreneurial modules, and fostering activities that build positive attitudes. Further research is needed to track students’ attitudes towards technology and entrepreneurship across grades and to assess the impact of continuous professional development for educators on effectively integrating these competencies.
Climate Change Mitigation: An Investigation into the Attitudes Within the UK Construction Industry
Authors: Muldoon Alex , Kaushik Amit Kant , RazaviAlavi SeyedReza , Gerami Seresht Nima
Published: November 2024

The mitigation of climate change and its adverse consequences is highly urgent. It has produced a global response in the form of the Paris Agreement, which aims to tackle global warming and adapt to it. It has resulted in enacting the Climate Change Act 2008, setting a target for 2050 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There are profound implications for all sectors across the United Kingdom, and this study focuses on the construction industry. This research aims to build on the existing literature, evaluate the attitude of UK construction professionals about the achievability of the goals set, and identify methods for improvement as an industry. This investigation combines qualitative and quantitative methods to gather secondary data from the literature and primary data via a questionnaire. The analysis shows that despite climate legislation, there is a need for more significant action to meet the agreed-upon targets. Also, the construction sector and its professionals need help to achieve the set targets. This need has hampered the confidence to achieve targets within the industry. The recommendations listed in this paper illuminate the path of overcoming these obstacles and give us a way to further research how the industry can evolve and contribute toward climate change mitigation.
Optimizing Waste Sorting for Sustainability: An AI-Powered Robotic Solution for Beverage Container Recycling
Authors: Cheng Tianhao , Kojima Daiki , Hu Hao , Onoda Hiroshi , Pandyaswargo Andante Hadi
Published: November 2024

With Japan facing workforce shortages and the need for enhanced recycling systems due to an aging population and increasing environmental challenges, automation in recycling facilities has become a key component for advancing sustainability goals. This study presents the development of an automated sorting robot to replace manual processes in beverage container recycling, aiming to address environmental, social, and economic sustainability by optimizing resource efficiency and reducing labor demands. Using artificial intelligence (AI) for image recognition and high-speed suction-based grippers, the robot effectively sorts various container types, including PET bottles and clear and colored glass bottles, demonstrating a pathway toward more sustainable waste management practices. The findings indicate that stabilizing items on the sorting line may enhance acquisition success, although clear container detection remains an AI challenge. This research supports the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by advancing recycling technology to improve waste processing efficiency, thus contributing to reduced pollution, resource conservation, and a sustainable recycling infrastructure. Further development of gripper designs to handle deformed or liquid-containing containers is required to enhance the system’s overall sustainability impact in the recycling sector.
Comprehensive Assessment of Economic Efficiency for Energy-Saving Investments in Public Utility Enterprises: Optimizing Consumption and Sustainable Development
Authors: Sala Dariusz , Bashynska Iryna , Pavlov Kostiantyn , Pavlova Olena , Halytsia Ihor , Hevko Bohdan
Published: November 2024

This article presents a comprehensive approach to assessing the economic efficiency of investments in energy-saving measures specifically for public utility enterprises. This study contributes to the theoretical and practical justification for using efficiency evaluation criteria, such as net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), and internal rate of return (IRR) for energy projects. Analysis revealed that the highest electricity consumption occurs in the winter period—approximately 246,923 kWh when using 90 W lamps operating 16 h per day. In the summer period, with an average daylight duration of 8 h, consumption decreases to 31,298 kWh. This difference is due to the influence of temporal and seasonal factors, highlighting the need for a comprehensive assessment of energy-saving measures’ effectiveness across different times of the year. Furthermore, a methodology for calculating and utilizing the payback ratio was proposed, according to which, by reducing lamp wattage from 90 W to 60 W and operating hours from 16 to 8 h, companies can reduce electricity costs to 21,076 kWh in the summer period, demonstrating potential savings of 1.5 to 2 times. This study also proposes specific financing schemes for energy efficiency projects, enabling the more accurate assessment of needs and the optimization of energy consumption under limited budget conditions and high environmental requirements.
Evaluation of Changes in Land Use and Their Influence on Ecological Stability of a Selected Area of the Dolný Spiš Region (Slovakia)
Authors: Barančok Peter , Barančoková Mária
Published: November 2024

In this study, the landscape and ecological stability of the Dolný Spiš region are investigated, focusing on human-induced changes and land use patterns. The purpose is to assess the impact of industrial, agricultural, and social activities on the landscape structure, using current and historical data. Field mapping and data from the DATAcube (Database of the Slovak Statistical Office) and CORINE Land Cover databases (Landscape cover layer for the whole territory of Europe) were used to evaluate land use, with ecological stability measured through the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). Three methodologies—Míchal, Löw, and Miklós—were applied and adjusted for local conditions. The study area, predominantly covered by forests (over 80%), was classified as highly stable based on CES values, with forested areas contributing significantly to this classification. Additionally, the non-forested areas were analyzed to assess the full scope of anthropic influence, revealing low-intensity human activity, as indicated by the coefficient of anthropic influence (CAI), ranging from 0 to 0.45. The results demonstrate that the landscape’s ability to resist disruptive elements is strong, particularly in forested regions. Overall, in this study, the critical role of forests is highlighted in maintaining the ecological stability in the region and suggests that the landscape structure remains resilient despite ongoing changes in agricultural land use.
Windy Sites Prioritization in the Saudi Waters of the Southern Red Sea
Authors: Rehman Shafiqur , Irshad Kashif , Mohandes Mohamed A. , AL-Shaikhi Ali A. , Syed Azher Hussain , Zayed Mohamed E. , Alam Mohammad Azad , Fertahi Saïf ed-Dîn , Raza Muhammad Kamran
Published: November 2024

Offshore wind power resources in the Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia are yet to be explored. The objective of the present study is to assess offshore wind power resources at 49 locations in the Saudi waters of the Red Sea and prioritize the sites based on wind characteristics. To accomplish the set objective, long-term hourly mean wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD) at 100 m above mean sea level, temperature, and pressure data near the surface were used at sites L1-L49 over 43 years from 1979 to 2021. The long-term mean WS and wind power density (WPD) varied between 3.83 m/s and 66.6 W/m2, and 6.39 m/s and 280.9 W/m2 corresponding to sites L44 and L8. However, higher magnitudes of WS >5 m/s were observed at 34 sites and WPD of > 200 W/m2 at 21 sites. In general, WS, WPD, annual energy yield, mean windy site identifier, plant capacity factor, etc. were found to be increasing from east to west and from south to north. Similarly, the mean wind variability index and cost of energy were observed to be decreasing as one moves from east to west and south to north in the Saudi waters of the Red Sea.
Dynamic Window Technologies for Energy Efficiency in Condominiums in Tropical Climates
Authors: Nguansonsakul Orakanya , Taweekun Juntakan , Dai Yanjun , Ge Tianshu
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the application of dynamic window technologies in condominiums located in hot and humid climates, focusing on Thailand. The research integrates both passive and active window designs aimed at reducing energy consumption by maximizing natural ventilation and daylight, while minimizing heat gain. Dynamic windows, equipped with shading devices, automated controls, and stack-effect ventilation, can achieve significant energy savings by decreasing the need for air conditioning and artificial lighting. The energy performance was assessed through simulations based on Thailand’s Building Energy Code (BEC), resulting in a potential reduction in energy consumption by 3.29 kWh/m2 annually or approximately 1.6% annually. Moreover, economic analysis showed that applying dynamic windows in condominiums could save up to 506.38 baht per room per year. The lifecycle cost analysis supports their long-term financial viability, achieving payback within 18.4 years and generating further net savings post-payback. The study concludes that dynamic windows are both scalable and sustainable, offering a viable solution for urban developments in tropical regions.
Model to Improve Classrooms’ Visual Comfort Using Waste-Based Shading and Its Validation in Mediterranean Schools
Authors: Mo Xinmiao , Pons-Valladares Oriol , Ortega Donoso Sara Isabel
Published: November 2024

European non-residential buildings constructed before building energy codes consume more energy and resources than new buildings. Existing educational buildings comprise 17% of this outdated stock. These buildings can be retrofitted to create a conducive learning environment that can improve students’ comfort. The refurbishment of facades is a common solution to improve the energy performance of schools when the aim is to improve the daylighting comfort. This study develops a methodology to optimize facade renovation solutions including (1) preparation, (2) simulations of the simplified model using local shading, and (3) modeling a realistic optimized facade design. This study evaluates visual comfort by considering multiple-dimensional metrics such as useful daylight illuminance (UDI), annual sunlight exposure (ASE), illuminance uniformity, and the daylighting factor. The three parameters of the louvres on which this study focuses are the distance from the new facade to the exterior wall, the blade degrees, and slat spacing. The methodology was first applied to improve the facade proposal with reused roof tiles from the project Waste-based Intelligent Solar-control-devices for Envelope Refurbishment (WiSeR). The results illustrate that implementing these solutions efficiently improves the indoor visual comfort in the classroom while avoiding overheating issues. For a constant-gaps surface, a shading distribution with alternated gaps gives better results for the aforementioned light metrics. Specifically, the most suitable values are a 7 cm distance from the new shading system to the existing wall, slat degrees at 0, and louvre spacing at 21 cm.
First Greek Orthodox Temple in Sustainable Cultural Heritage of Nicosia’s Historical Urban Texture: Chrysaliniotissa Church and Its Architectural Characteristics
Authors: Karaderi Şefika , Turkan Zihni
Published: November 2024

The initial development of Nicosia’s historical urban texture, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of various civilisations that have shaped the history of Cyprus, can be traced back to the Lusignan period (1191–1489). This urban framework continued to evolve through subsequent eras, including the Venetian (1489–1570), Ottoman (1571–1878), British (1878–1960), and Republic of Cyprus (1960–…) periods, as well as more recent developments. As a result, Nicosia has transformed into an open-air museum, encapsulating the architectural and cultural imprints of its diverse historical influences. Greek Orthodox Churches, significant among the island’s historical monuments, continue to function today while preserving their distinctive architectural features, serving as enduring symbols of Christianity in Cyprus. The Chrysaliniotissa Church, a notable example within the Walled City of Nicosia, stands out from other churches due to its origins dating back to the Lusignan period of Cyprus and its unique architectural characteristics. In this paper, qualitative research methods were used based on a literature review for the necessary theoretical information and on-site field studies on the architectural features of the church. This paper aims to examine the Chrysaliniotissa Church, highlighting its architectural features shaped by the influences of various historical periods. Additionally, this paper seeks to underscore the significance of this cultural heritage site in contributing to the sustainability of Nicosia’s historical urban texture.
How Much Will the Sichuan–Tibet Railway Improve the Accessibility of Tibet, China: A Comparative Study by Multiple Scenarios
Authors: Du Yiran , Tian Chenrui , Miao Yi
Published: November 2024

The accessibility improvement effect of transportation trunk lines can provide a reference for further optimizing regional transportation. Focusing on the different construction stages of the Sichuan–Tibet Railway (STR), this study determined the weighted average travel time and calculated both the internal and external accessibility of 74 counties in Tibet under scenarios where the STR is not yet operational, partially operational, and fully operational. The results indicate the following: (1) After the full operation of the STR, internal transportation accessibility improved by 45%, with the average travel time reduced by approximately 4 h, showing a significant time-space convergence effect; (2) In terms of external transportation, the full operation of the STR will significantly shorten the inter-provincial travel time of all counties, with the average external travel time reduced by almost 50%, from an average of 45 h to 23 h; (3) The accessibility response of different counties to the operation of the railway exhibits clear spatial differences. The internal accessibility of the counties along the railway line improved by 50–80%, while the improvement rate of counties that are not close to the STR is between 10% and 50%; (4) Although the accessibility improvement effect brought by the construction of the STR is significant, there is still a characteristic of spatial non-equilibrium. Accompanying the operation of the STR, a further eastward-oriented accessibility advantage area has emerged based on the original accessibility advantage areas centered around Lhasa. However, the improvement effect for northwestern counties with accessibility disadvantages remaining very limited. Therefore, more plans for new transportation trunk lines such as the Xinjiang–Tibet Railway are needed, to comprehensively improve the relatively poor and uneven accessibility pattern of Tibet, as well as contribute to the shared well-being of the people and the coordinated development between regions.
A Study on the Relationship Between Livestock Carbon Emission and Economic Growth in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Niu Xuanqi , He Mengyu , Zhang Yaoxin , Luan Zhiqiang
Published: November 2024

The development of animal husbandry directly affects climate change and the ecological environment. This study aims to explore the relationship between carbon emissions from animal husbandry and economic growth in Inner Mongolia and to provide theoretical and countermeasure support for sustainable development. Based on the environmental Kuznets theory, the present situation of animal husbandry and economic growth in this region is analyzed. By analyzing slaughter and storage data for cow, sheep, hog, and poultry from 2000 to 2022, we calculated carbon emissions using the IPCC coefficient method. The environmental Kuznets curve is used to control variables such as human capital, government intervention, openness, technological innovation, and environmental protection expenditure. The findings show that carbon emissions from cows and sheep have risen significantly over the past 23 years, while the hog industry has remained stable. Both the number of poultry farms and their carbon emissions have declined. Economic growth is one reason for the increase in carbon emissions, while government intervention and openness have had mixed results. To ensure sustainable development, Inner Mongolia should strengthen government supervision, increase investment in environmental protection, expand opening-up, improve rural education, and promote low-carbon growth.
Human Factors Analysis of China’s Confined Space Accidents from 2013 to 2022: Ensuring the Safe and Sustainable Development of Enterprises
Authors: Li Jishuo , Yao Xiwen , Xu Kaili
Published: November 2024

Confined space operations are inherently dangerous, leading to frequent accidents with serious consequences. This study utilizes an improved Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) model to analyze the human factors contributing to confined space accidents, employing both chi-square tests and grey correlation analysis. The integration of these two analytical methods is essential for providing a comprehensive understanding of the causal relationships among human factors, thereby enabling more robust and validated conclusions. Initially, we identified human factors associated with confined space accidents based on the traditional HFACS model and the unique characteristics of confined space operations, resulting in the identification of 5 primary risk factors and 17 secondary risk factors. Subsequently, we employed chi-square tests and grey correlation analysis to examine the causal relationships among these human factors. The combined results of these methods reveal significant influence relationships within the HFACS model levels pertinent to confined space accidents, identifying 11 significant causal relationships and three paths of accident development. The primary aim of the statistical and correlation analyses is to identify and validate the significant causal relationships among the identified human factors, thereby enhancing our understanding of their impact on confined space accidents. The findings of this research are instrumental in reducing the risk of confined space accidents within enterprises, ultimately ensuring the safe and sustainable operation of production processes.
Study on the Impact of National Value Chain Embeddings on the Embodied Carbon Emissions of Chinese Provinces
Authors: Deng Guangyao , Hou Siqian , Liu Yuting
Published: November 2024

Accelerating the construction and optimization of national value chains is of great significance to reducing both pollution and carbon emissions and promoting green economic growth. In accordance with the input–output table and carbon emission statistics of China in 2012, 2015, and 2017, in this paper, we use the total trade decomposition method and the value chain decomposition method to decompose the embodied carbon emissions and the embeddedness of national value chains. Subsequently, we empirically study, for the first time, the impact of the degree of domestic value chain embedding on implicit carbon emissions using the calculated results. The results show the following: (1) The top three provinces with embodied carbon emissions are Shandong, Hebei, and Jiangsu, while the top four industries are the production and supply of electricity and heat; metal smelting and rolling processing; non-metallic mineral products; and transportation, warehousing, and postal services. (2) The degree of forward and backward national value chain embeddedness in Chinese provinces has increased, and the degree of forward embeddedness in most provinces and industries is lower than that of backward embeddedness. (3) The embeddedness of domestic value chains and embodied carbon emissions is always negatively correlated, and this conclusion is still valid after robustness and endogeneity tests. (4) There is industrial heterogeneity in the impact of the degree of embeddedness of domestic value chains on embodied carbon emissions.
Evaluating the Location of the Park-and-Ride System Using Multi-Criteria Methods: A Systematic Review
Authors: Palaguachi Juan , Padilla Monserrath , Ortega Martin , Solorzano Marco Romero , Uvidia Ruffo Villa , Ortega Jairo , Veloz-Cherrez Diego
Published: November 2024

The park-and-ride (P&R) system is crucial for urban development and mobility as its strategic location helps to reduce congestion, reduce pollution, and encourage the use of public transport. Various methods have been proposed to determine its optimal location, ranging from algorithms and mathematical equations to multi-criteria approaches that consider a set of criteria and sub-criteria. Multi-criteria methods are diverse, and it is essential to know which methods have been applied to the optimal location of a P&R system. This study addresses the existing gaps in multi-criteria methods used in the localization of a P&R system through a systematic review based on the PRISMA protocol, examining 25 articles published between 2014 and 2024 in Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS). The results highlight that the multi-criteria AHP method is the most relevant and widely used. The criterion of accessibility to public transport is the most important criterion for setting up a P&R system in an urban environment. The flexibility of the multi-criteria AHP method, combined with other factors, makes it relevant in the process of P&R locations. However, the multi-criteria methods found in this research show that a wide range of multi-criteria methods have not yet been applied. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive systems that combine multiple multi-criteria methods, which is essential to optimize mobility solutions adapted to the specific characteristics and objectives of each city in establishing a P&R system.
Suitable Integrated Farming System Models in Terms of Energetics, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Employment Generation for the Small and Marginal Farmers
Authors: Karthik Rayapati , Ramana Maparla Venkata , Kumari Cheekati Pragathi , Prakash Tata Ram , Goverdhan Manthati , Naik Danavath Saida , Kumar Nallagatla Vinod , Chandra Mandapelli Sharath , Bhatt Rajan , Elhindi Khalid M. , Mattar Mohamed A.
Published: November 2024

Food grain production has multiplied over the last two decades in India, but natural resources are overexploited in modern farming. Farmers, especially those with small and marginal holdings, are suffering losses more often than not, the cost of production is increasing year after year, and profits are not up to the necessary levels. To address such challenges, there has been a broad recognition of the importance of employing farming system approaches in research. The cultivation of cropping systems with orchard crops and livestock components can play a significant role in the optimal utilization of resources, enhancing energy use efficiency as well as the eco-efficiency index, and reducing carbon footprints. This study was carried out to create a suitable IFS model with high economic and energy efficiency for small-holder farmers in India’s southern plateau and hills with a negligible impact on the environment. The following were the seven models: M1: Rice − Groundnut; M2: Rice − Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) − Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) − Maize; M3: Rice − Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) − Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3) − Sunhemp; Napier grass, Sheep (5 + 1); M4: Rice − Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) − Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) − Maize, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3) − Sunhemp, Poultry unit; M5: Guava, Hedge Lucerne, Napier grass, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) − Maize, Sheep (5 + 1); M6: Guava, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) − Maize, Rice − Groundnut, Poultry; M7: Rice − Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) − Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3) − Sunhemp; Napier grass, Hedge lucerne, Poultry (100), Sheep (5 + 1). Model M1 was used to represent the local region, and the other models were compared in terms of economics, energetics, greenhouse gas emissions, and employment creation. The M7 and M3 models, according to the results, have higher economic efficiency (₹342.3 day−1, ₹263.7 day−1), increase output energy (228,529 and 183,231 MJ) net energy (258,184 and 198,920 MJ), produce net negative emissions (−2842 and −2399 kg CO2 eq.), and create jobs year-round (112.5 and 110.5 man days year−1), respectively. This is primarily because they have multiple highly efficient components that make them viable for Telangana’s small and marginal farmers.
A Roadmap to Systematic Review: Evaluating the Role of Data Networks and Application Programming Interfaces in Enhancing Operational Efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Khanyi Mduduzi B. , Xaba Sfundo N. , Mlotshwa Nokunqoba A. , Thango Bonginkosi , Matshaka Lerato
Published: November 2024

The adoption of Data Networks and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) has become crucial for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to streamline operations, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. However, SMEs often face challenges such as resource limitations and security vulnerabilities, which hinder their ability to fully leverage these technologies. This systematic review examines the role of Data Networks and APIs in enhancing operational efficiency within SMEs, focusing on key metrics such as speed, cost reduction, scalability, and security challenges. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across multiple databases including Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2014 and 2024, focused on SMEs, and addressing the role of Data Networks and APIs in operational efficiency were included. A total of 49 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for key outcomes related to operational efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and security risks. The review found that Data Networks and APIs significantly improve operational efficiency by increasing process speed (12% increase), reducing operational costs (8% reduction), and enhancing overall productivity. However, security challenges, particularly related to API vulnerabilities, were a major concern, with cyberattacks on APIs increasing by 400% in Q1 2023 alone. Despite these risks, the benefits of implementing Data Networks and APIs in SMEs, particularly in terms of scalability and real-time data processing, were evident across industries. Data Networks and APIs offer substantial improvements in operational efficiency for SMEs, although security remains a significant challenge. Future efforts should focus on developing security frameworks tailored to SMEs while maintaining the operational benefits of these technologies. Further research is needed to explore scalable and secure API models for SMEs.
Linking Management Capabilities to Sustainable Business Performance of Women-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises in Emerging Market: A Moderation and Mediation Analysis
Authors: Akther Sharmin , Islam Mohammed Rafiqul , Faisal-E-Alam Md. , Castanho Rui Alexandre , Loures Luís , Ferreira Paulo
Published: November 2024

The primary objective of this paper is to explore how management capabilities influence the sustainable business performance of women-owned SMEs in Bangladesh, encompassing the moderating role of technological capabilities and the mediating effect of conceptual competency. This research is necessary to address a gap in understanding how managerial capabilities can drive long-term growth for women-owned SMEs in emerging countries, thereby enhancing the broader discourse on women’s entrepreneurship and sustainable business practices. Data were collected from 216 women entrepreneurs across various SMEs in Bangladesh, and Smart PLS version 4 was employed for analysis. The measurement model was evaluated using factor loadings, Cronbach’s Alpha, Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), the Heterotrait–Monotrait (HTMT) ratio, and the Fornell–Larcker test. Structural model analysis was conducted, examining R2, Q2, f2, beta coefficients, p-values, and t-statistics derived through bootstrapping. The results indicate that management capabilities play a pivotal role in enhancing conceptual competencies, which, in turn, significantly contribute to sustainable business performance. However, technological capabilities were not found to moderate the relationship between conceptual competency and sustainable business performance. Additionally, conceptual competency fully mediates the relationship between management capabilities and sustainable business performance. The findings underscore the importance of fostering skills and competencies among women entrepreneurs in emerging economy to drive long-term business success. The study’s limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
Implementation of Behavior-Based Safety in the Workplace: A Review of Conceptual and Empirical Literature
Authors: Carra Silvia , Bottani Eleonora , Vignali Giuseppe , Madonna Marianna , Monica Luigi
Published: November 2024

Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) methodology is more and more implemented by companies in several industrial fields for preserving workers’ safety through a structured behavioral intervention with measurable effects as part of a socially sustainable approach for health and wellness care at the workplace. Although the traditional BBS components have been widely described in literature, its evolution over the years in terms of application strategies and complexity levels still requires some insights. Also, it is often difficult to identify clear boundaries between “standard” BBS and similar or complementary interventions. To clarify some of these aspects, in this work approximately 230 scientific papers about BBS and related topics, published from the 1970s until 2023, were retrieved from the Scopus database, classified in a structured way, and analyzed from different perspectives. Results highlight the main peculiarities, limits, and strengths of BBS in its evolution, from a conceptual as well as a practical point of view, with a particular focus on the trends observed in the last two decades. Outcomes suggest that future prospects of BBS will integrate the successful traditional principles of positive feedback and observation with new elements, including technological aspects, full involvement of the company’s levels, and attention to workers’ peculiarities, thus creating variants of the approach suitable for different contexts.
Can Sustainable Food from Edible Insects Become the Food of the Future? Exploring Poland’s Generation Z
Authors: Mikulec Anna , Platta Anna , Radzymińska Monika , Garbowska Bożena , Suwała Grzegorz , Ruszkowska Millena , Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Kowalski Stanisław
Published: November 2024

This study addresses a research gap by examining the attitudes and interest of young Polish consumers in new foods containing insects. The results of the survey, which are presented in this article, were obtained as part of an inter-university project conducted at five Polish higher education institutions (N = 1063). The survey was conducted using the indirect interview method via an online platform (CAWI). This study aimed to assess attitudes, behaviours and intentions to purchasing insect foods, as well as factors influencing the selection of new foods containing insects and product preferences for such foods. The analysis revealed no statistically significant differentiation in consumer behaviour and declared intentions towards insect foods based on gender or place of residence (p > 0.001). Our results revealed correlations between the level of neophobia and negative attitudes among young consumers towards insect products, albeit weak in nature. The exploratory factor analysis suggested that the assessment of factors influencing the purchase of insect products may be based on a small number of dimensions, which were not found to be correlated, as follows: “Health and Environmental Concern”, “Organoleptic Attributes” and “Circumstantial Influences”.
Empirical Analysis of the Role of Digital Agriculture in Enabling Coordinated Development of Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being: Evidence from Provincial Panel Data in China
Authors: Wei Huilan , Wang Yanlong , Yang Chendan , Yu Peiyao
Published: November 2024

As digital transformation deepens, digital agriculture plays a crucial role in advancing the Coordinated Development Level of Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being (CD-ESWB). However, aligning ecosystem service capacities with human development needs remains a challenge. This study investigates how digital agriculture influences CD-ESWB, using panel data collected from 30 provinces in China between 2014 and 2022. First, an index system, the Level of Digital Agriculture Development (LDAD), is discussed, followed by a quantitative analysis using the entropy-weight TOPSIS method. The CD-ESWB is then evaluated through the “Ecosystem Services–Human Well-Being” coupling coordination model. Empirical analysis, incorporating fixed effects, mediation, and moderation models, demonstrates that digital agriculture significantly enhances CD-ESWB, though its impact varies across regions. Robustness checks, including instrumental variable methods, sample interval adjustment, and variable substitution, confirm the reliability of the findings. Notably, the Technological Innovation Effect (TIE) mediates digital agriculture’s impact, while Industrial Structure Upgrade (ISU) acts as a positive moderator. This study emphasizes the importance of regional policies in promoting technological innovation and optimizing industrial structures, providing both theoretical and empirical insights into how digital agriculture shapes CD-ESWB.
Lagrangian Coupling of Dissipative Electrodynamic Waves with the Thermal Absorption and Emission
Authors: Márkus Ferenc , Gambár Katalin
Published: November 2024

Electromagnetic wave dissipation is experienced in radiative absorbing-emitting processes and signal transmissions via media. The absorbed wave initiates thermal processes in the conducting medium. Conversely, thermal processes generate electromagnetic waves in the vacuum–material interface region. The two processes do not take place symmetrically, i.e., the incoming and thermalizing electromagnetic spectrum does not occur in the reverse process. The conservation of energy remains in effect, and the loop process “electromagnetic wave–thermal propagation–electromagnetic wave” is dissipative. In the Lagrangian formalism, we provide a unified description of these two interconnected processes. We point out how it involves the origin of the asymmetry.
The Correlation Between Cultural Tourism Motivation and Tourism Tolerance
Authors: Marlina Endy , Sukmawati Annisa Mu’awanah , Wahyuhana Ratika Tulus
Published: November 2024

This study aims to find a correlation between tourist motivation and satisfaction to provide several recommendations for developing tourist facilities according to tourist needs. Data mining was conducted in-depth through a phenomenological approach and inductive data analysis. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews are aimed at gathering information related to the motivation for traveling, perceptions and assessments of tourist attractions, activities, tourist expectations, and the attractiveness of cultural tourist attractions. This study found a linear correlation between cultural tourism motivation, tourism assessment, intensity of cultural tourism activities, acquisition of cultural tourism experiences, and tourist satisfaction. Tourism motivation also creates tolerance, fosters understanding and respect between cultures, and lowers expectations of tourism conditions so that tourists quickly get satisfaction. High tourist satisfaction creates a positive image of tourism, which may create loyalty. Tourist satisfaction can build a relative attitude related to repeat purchases, which in the context of tourism is the intention to revisit or recommend a tourist attraction to others. This study shows a tendency for tourist activity patterns based on cultural motivation in tourism practice. Tourism activity patterns, tolerance, and tourist satisfaction information can be essential in cultural tourism development programs.
Studying Intra-Night Optical Variability of AGNs Using the TESS Survey Data
Authors: Yang Yujian , Ma Bo , Chen Chen
Published: November 2024

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit significant luminosity variations across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with timescales ranging from hours to years. Studying the optical variability of AGNs provides crucial insights into their physical properties. In this study, we explore the intra-night optical variability (INOV) of AGNs using data from the TESS satellite’s all-sky survey. We derive differential light curves for a sample of 56 AGNs from 30-min cadence TESS full-frame images. Our analysis confirms that BL Lac objects typically exhibit stronger INOV compared to quasars, which generally show weaker variability. The duty cycle for INOV with an amplitude greater than 3% is approximately 4±0.7% for quasars and 22±5% for BL Lac objects. For INOV with an amplitude exceeding 10%, the corresponding duty cycle decreases to about 0.5±0.3% and 5±2%, respectively. Furthermore, we identify a potential linear-log relationship between the duty cycle and the INOV amplitude, based on results from this study and previous findings, particularly from the ARIES program.