bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distance technologies in the organization of asynchronous education of students: challenges, problems, solutions
Authors:   Sumy State University, Bilous Olena , Kravchenko Yulia ,   Sumy State University, Kravchenko Volodymyr ,   Sumy State University
Published: September 2022

Abstract. New computer technologies, which became the cause of the information revolution in education in the second half of the 20th century, gave impetus to the rapid development of distance learning methods and the formation of the concept of open education. Distance learning at the turn of the second and third millennia became a global phenomenon and significantly changed the structure of education systems in many countries of the world. In the conditions of the information society, during the avalanche-like growth of the amount of knowledge accumulated by mankind, the intensity of updating theoretical provisions, practical information, and experimental results, necessary for use in various spheres of human activity, increases. The objective necessity of development and improvement of knowledge transmission mechanisms, which provide the possibility of continuous training of a large number of people throughout their lives in accordance with the needs of the individual and society, is becoming urgent. The problem of the introduction of remote technologies into the educational process became particularly widespread during the coronavirus pandemic. However, asynchronous distance learning itself became especially relevant with the beginning of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine, which led to the restriction of education seekers in access to the Internet, damage to telecommunication networks, lack of electricity supply, mass migration of refugees, the destruction of educational institutions, the involvement of education seekers in the ranks of the territorial defense etc. There was a need to organize the educational process and present educational materials, conduct control measures considering all the circumstances of today. Thus, Sumy State University, with the support of the distance learning MIX platform, organized distance learning for students of physical and technical specialties in synchronous and asynchronous distance format. The work highlights the peculiarities of providing educational services to students with limited access to educational materials (work in an asynchronous format). The article focuses on the issues of training organization, which consider the student's work in an asynchronous format. Explanations are provided for some special aspects of the organization of such training. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen form of work was made. The article highlights further directions of work on improvement and optimization of relevant educational materials and forms of their presentation to extend learning in today's difficult conditions. Key words: distance learning, synchronous and asynchronous learning format, MIX distance learning platform, and remote access, mathematical and physical disciplines.
Kinesiophobia, Physical Activity, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels in Post COVID-19 Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: BARĞI Gülşah
Published: September 2022

Objective: Kinesiophobia, inactivity and mood disturbances in post-COVID-19 individuals are poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare measures of kinesiophobia, physical activity, depression, anxiety and stress in post-COVID-19 individuals and healthy individuals.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 25 November 2021 and 30 December 2021. The individuals were recruited from the general community. Kinesiophobia was assessed with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, physical activity levels with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form, and mood (depression, anxiety, and stress) with the Depression Anxiety Stress-21 Scale in all individuals.
Results: There were 29 volunteer individuals who had COVID-19 with a mean age of 33.41±7.95 years. Healthy controls consisted of 20 volunteers with a mean age of 31.3±7.81 years. Anxiety (55.2% versus 20%) and stress (34.5% versus 5%) were observed more frequently in the post-COVID-19 group. The scores for kinesiophobia and anxiety were significantly higher in post-COVID-19 individuals than healthy individuals (p<0.05). The scores for physical activity, depression and stress were similar between groups (p>0.05). Significant correlations were found among post-COVID-19 individuals for i) the scores for kinesiophobia and stress, and ii) the scores for physical activity, stress, and depression (p<0.05). There was no relationship between kinesiophobia and other outcomes in healthy individuals (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Although a high degree of kinesiophobia is observed in both post-COVID-19 and healthy individuals, kinesiophobia, anxiety and stress measures were higher in people exposed to COVID-19 than others. In post-COVID-19 individuals, kinesiophobia increased as stress increased, and physical activities decreased while stress and depression increased. Hence, exercises, physical activities and psychological counseling should be recommended to individuals exposed to COVID-19.
Determining the Perceptions of Conscience in Nurses Working in Pandemic Hospitals
Authors: HASTAOĞLU Fatma , BULUT Yudum , ÇELİK Pelin
Published: September 2022

Objectives: This descriptive study was planned to determine the conscience perceptions of nurses working in pandemic hospitals. Methods: The study population comprised all nurses working in Sivas Numune Hospital. A personal information form and the Conscience Perception scale were used in the study. The convenience sampling method was applied, the data collection forms were uploaded to the system and a link was created. The forms were thus sent to the nurses for online completion. Informed consent was provided by the nurses and the necessary ethical and official permissions were obtained. Results: The majority of the nurses participating in the study (95%) were female, married (66.7%), with a university degree (46.9%), and work experience of 21 years or more (35.8%). The conscience perceptions of the female nurses working during the pandemic were determined to be statistically significantly high. The education level of the nurses significantly affected the perception of conscience, with a higher level of conscience perception shown by nurses with a bachelor's degree. The conscience perception scale sub-dimension of the clinic where they worked showed a significant difference in terms of authority. There was a statistically significant increase in the authority sub-dimension of nurses working in the operating room / intensive care unit. Conclusion: Working conditions and risks affected the conscience perceptions of professional responsibility and sensitivity of nurses who had to remain separated from their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Karbapenemlere Dirençli ve Duyarlı Klebsiella pneumoniae İzolatlarının Çeşitli Antimikrobiyallere Direnç Oranları
Authors: ÖZTAŞ Sevil , ER Doğanhan Kadir , DÜNDAR Devrim
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Çoklu ilaç dirençli Gram negatif bakterilerin tedavisi küresel anlamda önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Karbapenemlere dirençli Klebsiella pneumoniae bu grupta yer alan en önemli patojenlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada karbapenemlere dirençli ve duyarlı K. pneumoniae izolatlarının çeşitli antibiyotiklere direnç durumlarının karşılaştırılması ve tedaviye yol gösterici olunması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilmiş 709 karbapenem dirençli, 3029 karbapenem duyarlı 3738 K. pneumoniae izolatının direnç oranları retrospektif olarak incelenmiş, çeşitli antibiyotiklere direnç durumları karşılaştırılmıştır. İzole edilen mikroorganizmaların tanımlanmaları ve antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, Fransa) otomatize sistemi ile yapılmış, sonuçlar European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standartlarına göre yorumlanmıştır. Karbapenemlere dirençli izolatlarda seftazidim/ avibaktam duyarlılığı ayrıca disk difüzyon yöntemi ile çalışılmıştır. Kolistin duyarlılığının saptanmasında sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Antibiyogram sonucu orta derecede duyarlı olanlar, duyarlı olarak kabul edilmiş ve her hastadan birer izolat çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Karbapenemlere dirençli K. pneumoniae izolatlarında amikasin, amoksisilin/ klavulanat, aztreonam, sefazolin, sefepim, sefiksim, sefoksitin, seftazidim, seftriakson, sefuroksim, siprofloksasin, kolistin, fosfomisin, gentamisin, levofloksasin, netilmisin, nitrofurantoin, piperasilin/ tazobaktam, trimethoprim/ sulfametaksazol direnç oranları sırası ile %53,12; %99,78; %98,33: %100; %98,26; %97,90; %98,68; %98,57; %98,35; %98,77; %94,63; %16,74; %41,36; %59,32; %92,53; %79,9; %67,02; %99,45; %72.23’ tür ve karbapenemlere duyarlı K. pneumoniae izolatlarına göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Karbapenemlere dirençli izolatlarda seftazidim/ avibaktam direnci %22,5 saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Karbapenemlere dirençli K. pneumoniae izolatlarının karbapenem dışı antimikrobiyallere karbapenemlere duyarlı izolatlara göre daha dirençli olduğu gözlenmektedir. En etkili görünen kolistinin nefrotoksik etkileri nedeni ile son seçenek olarak saklanabileceği, uygun vakalarda seftazidim/ avibaktamın, kombinasyon tedavisinde de aminoglikozidlerin kullanılabileceği, üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarında fosfomisinin uygun bir seçenek olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Avaliação de Tecnologias de Saúde em Portugal: políticas de saúde, metodologias e desafios emergentes
Authors: CALDEIRA Sónia , PINGRET-KIPMAN Daniella , FERRADOR Fernanda , COUTO Sara A. , ORTIZ Juliana A. , FURTADO Claudia
Published: September 2022

Portugal é um país europeu com elevado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e um sistema de saúde com extensa cobertura. Alinhado com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, Portugal pratica regulação de preços de medicamentos para garantir maior acesso mantendo a sustentabilidade financeira. Nesse ínterim, a avaliação de tecnologias em saúde é reconhecida como ferramenta fundamental para a tomada de decisão informada de financiamento. Em consonância com os desafios enfrentados por outros países nessa área nos últimos anos, as metodologias e critérios utilizados na avaliação de diferentes tecnologias de saúde tem sido colocados a prova. Esse artigo apresenta uma visão geral do sistema de saúde e do sistema de avaliação de tecnologias em Portugal quanto às políticas mais recentes adotadas também em regulação de preços, incluindo os mais recentes desafios que esta área tem confrontado.
The latest recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Review
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Dorofeev A. E.
Published: September 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder resulting from disturbances in gut‑brain interactions, with a worldwide prevalence of 4.1 % to 10.1 % in adults. Although IBS is not life‑threatening, it is associated with a significant disease burden, including reduced quality of life, increased rates of comorbid psychological disorders, and high economic costs. One of the main subtypes of IBS is IBS with diarrhea (IBS‑D). Recently published guidelines of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) for pharmacologic treatment of patients with IBS‑D have just been released, based on evidence from a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature, while considering only randomized controlled trials conducted in adults with IBS. A positive diagnosis of IBS‑D can be made on the basis of medical history and physical examination, evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms (especially presence or absence of worrisome features), limited diagnostic testing, and use of symptom‑based Rome IV criteria. The presence of alarming signs, such as the onset of new symptoms after age 50 years, rectal bleeding not associated with hemorrhoids or anal fissures, unintentional weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, nocturnal diarrhea, a family history of colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or celiac disease, requires a thorough evaluation. In the treatment of IBS‑D, drugs with different mechanisms of action and different effectiveness are used. According to the latest AGA recommendations, most of the drugs, widely used in the treatment of IBS‑D (in particular, antispasmodics, loperamide, antidepressants), have a low reliability of efficacy evidence. Drugs with significant evidence of effectiveness include rifaximin‑a, eluxadoline, and alosetron, but the last two are not registered and are not used in Ukraine. Thus, until now, the only drug available in Ukraine for the treatment of IBS‑D and its relapses with well‑proven efficacy, is rifaximin‑a (Alfa Normix, Xifaxan). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are not recommended for patients with IBS‑D.
The Relations of Morphological Awareness with Language and Literacy Skills Vary Depending on Orthographic Depth and Nature of Morphological Awareness
Authors: Lee Joong won , Wolters Alissa , Grace Kim Young-Suk
Published: September 2022

We examined the relation of morphological awareness with language and literacy skills, namely phonological awareness, orthographic awareness, vocabulary, word reading, spelling, text reading fluency, and reading comprehension. We also examined potential moderators of the relations (grade level, orthographic depth of language, receptive vs. productive morphological awareness, inflectional vs. derivational vs. compound morphological awareness, and L1/L2 status). After systematic search, a total of 232 articles (965 unique samples, N = 49,936 participants, and 2,765 effect sizes in 17 languages) met inclusion criteria. Morphological awareness was, on average, moderately related to phonological awareness (r = .41), orthographic awareness (r = .39), vocabulary (r = .50), word reading (r = .49), spelling (r = .48), text reading fluency (r = .53), and reading comprehension (r = .54). Importantly, morphological awareness had a stronger relation with word reading in orthographically deep languages (.52) than in orthographically shallow languages (.38). The relation with vocabulary was stronger for upper elementary grades than for primary grades. The magnitude of the relation also varied by the nature of morphological awareness: productive morphological awareness had a stronger relation with phonological awareness and vocabulary than receptive morphological awareness; derivational morphological awareness had a stronger relation with vocabulary and word reading compared to inflectional morphological awareness; and compound morphological awareness had a weaker relation with phonological awareness but a stronger relation with vocabulary compared to inflectional morphological awareness. These results underscore the importance of morphological awareness in language and literacy skills, and reveal a nuanced and precise picture of their relations.
RISK MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTES BY HAZARDOUS PROPERTY INCLUDING MERCURY CONTAINING WASTES
Authors: Hennebert Pierre
Published: September 2022

The classification of waste is complex. Once detailed chemical composition, and in some cases speciation testing has been completed, the chemicals present are checked either as hazardous chemicals or persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, detailed waste characterisation data can be used to support onward management of wastes, including hazardous wastes. A process management flowchart has been compiled using data from twelve waste streams. Specifically, for hazardous waste, the proposed approach can be used to firstly identify how a potential hazard may be eliminated using specific treatment scenarios. Secondly risk mitigation strategies are provided to reduce risks during short-term management of transportation, preparation and processing of wastes. Finally, the approach highlights how waste characterisation data can be used to guide the long-term management of hazardous waste. For non-hazardous waste a risk approach generates case specific permissible concentration limits. Hazardous waste management by risk is proposed, either for short-term operations, or during the recycling loops. The wastes containing “legacy” banned substances must be phased out. But the wastes with hazardous compounds at hazardous concentration should be recycled in controlled recycling loop. They should be managed during the loop by a risk approach, like the products they were and the products that they will become, per risk according to REACH. A worked example of this approach to mercury containing waste by hazard and by risk is presented, using leaching data (risk) to prevent groundwater contamination by mine tailings using reverse modelling, proposed to the conference of the UN Minamata Convention.
SPATIAL MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF STATIC COMPOST PILES WITH HEAT RECOVERY
Authors: Jacob Geo , Dienorowitz Frank , Jaschke Nele
Published: September 2022

Composting experiments with heat recovery reveal spatial non-uniformity in parameters such as temperature, oxygen concentration and substrate degradation. In order to recover heat from static compost piles via integrated heat exchanger there is the need to investigate the temperature distribution for placing the heat exchangers and the interaction between heat recovery, substrate degradation and oxygen concentration to ensure quality of composting process. This study introduces a spatial model to predict the variation in controlling parameters such as temperature, oxygen concentration, substrate degradation and airflow patterns in static compost piles with heat recovery using Finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics ® Version 5.3. The developed two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model considers the compaction effects and is validated to real case pilot-scale compost pile experiments with passive aeration. Strong matching with the real case experiment was achieved. The spatial model demonstrated that the compaction effect is extremely important for realistic modeling because it affects airflow, temperature distribution, oxygen consumption and substrate degradation in a compost pile. Heat recovery did not disrupt the composting process. Case studies revealed strong influence of convective heat loss through the edges and a 10 % improvement of heat recovery rate with ground insulation. The simulation indicates that an optimized placing of heat recovery pipes could increase the average heat extraction by 10-40 %.
Influence of Impurities on the High-Temperature Behavior of the Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Material NMC under Reducing Conditions for Use in the InduRed Reactor Concept
Authors: Holzer Alexandra , Baldauf Mathias , Wiszniewski Lukas , Windisch-Kern Stefan , Raupenstrauch Harald
Published: September 2022

In terms of an efficient circular economy in the field of the steadily increasing use of lithium-ion batteries, sustainable recycling methods are of fundamental importance. Therefore, the Chair of Thermal Processing Technology at Montanuniversitaet Leoben has developed the so-called InduRed reactor, a carbo-thermal concept to recover valuable metals from this waste stream. For optimization and further development of this technology, it is essential to have a sound knowledge of the cathode materials' behavior in combination with various impurities in the high-temperature range under reducing conditions. Detailed experiments were carried out in a heating microscope at temperatures up to 1620°C and argon purge. Aluminum from the electrode conductor foils and an excessive proportion of graphite from the anode were identified as the impurities with the most significant negative influence on the process. An optimum melting behavior was found during the tests at an admixture of 10 wt. % C and 1.95 wt. % Al to the cathode material NMC622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2).
A Review of the Origins of Microplastics arriving at Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Landeros Gonzalez Guadalupe Vianey , Dominguez Cortinas Gabriela , Hudson Malcolm , Shaw Peter , Williams Ian D.
Published: September 2022

Concerns regarding the impacts of microplastics in the global environment have brought into focus the need to understand better their origins, transport, and fate. Wastewaters (WW) are important in this regard: discharges from households, commercial and industrial premises, and surface run-off deliver microplastics to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) via sewerage systems, through which they are removed along with sewage sludge or destined for release into the environment in treated effluent. This review provides a contemporary and critical analysis of factors influencing the quantities and composition of microplastics (MPs) reaching wastewater treatment plants, including both primary and secondary sources. Three specific areas of concern were highlighted. First, current legislation, where present, needs to address regulation of microplastics in personal care and cosmetic products that cross international borders. Secondly, accurate estimation of microplastics arising from some sources and activities (e.g., mis-managed waste and hand washing of textiles) is challenging and estimated contributions of associated microplastics remain unsatisfactory as a basis for management decisions. Thirdly, information relating to microplastics in personal care and cosmetic products used by male consumers is lacking and contributions of such products to wastewater remain uncertain. We recommend that (1) voluntary practices and programmes should be replaced with formal regulation to achieve compliance, and (2) the role of consumers’ behaviour in generating microplastics that are destined for wastewater treatment plants remains largely unknown and that more research in this domain is needed.
Strength of polymer—fiber interface in structural composite materials
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), Borodulin A.S. , Nelyub V. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), Malysheva G.V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), Maltsev V.V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), Bertaeva A.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), Fedorov S.Yu. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University), Tereshkov A.G. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University)
Published: September 2022

The methodology and results of the assessment of the adhesive strength of the fiber—matrix system are presented. Carbon and basalt fibers were used, a composition of epoxy resin and an amine hardener was used as a polymer matrix. The results of strength tests for assessing the adhesive strength by the pull-out method are presented, using two types of samples: macro and micro, differing in the accuracy of determining the contact area between the fiber and the polymer matrix. It has been established that the values of adhesive strength when testing micro-samples, for the manufacture of which elementary fibers were used, are lower, but the accuracy of its determination is significantly higher than when using macro-samples.
Provision methods of anticorrosive protection of bodies
Authors:   T. G. Shevchenko Transdniestria State University, Emelyanov A.A.
Published: September 2022

An analytical review of methods used to protect car bodies against corrosion is presented. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Synthesis of onboard receivers for combined processing of radar and information signals of small unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors:   JSC RPC «Polyot» (Nizhnij Novgorod), Ananjev A. V. , Lyutin V. I. , Ivannikov K. S. ,   JSC RPC «Radar mms», (St. Petersburg)
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of a device for synchronous reception of radar signals, in the parameters of which information messages are integrated, has been carried out. The proposed approach is relevant for increasing the information exchange capabilities under the conditions of limited onboard small class unmanned aerial vehicles resources, critical to the mass of target loads, their power consumption and electromagnetic compatibility. The consecutive implementation of the proposed approach, based on the theory of joint filtering of discrete random and continuous Markov sequences is considered. It makes possible to synthesize an algorithm for a quasi-coherent receiver’s operation of discrete radio signals with the intra-pulse keying against the white noise background. The noise immunity characteristics of the receiver synchronization system were calculated, allowing for a given transmitter power to appropriately select the synchronized generator parameters and vice versa. The feature and advantage of the synthesized synchronization system is a implementation of the accumulation principle when receiving clock pulses.
Is Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Associated with Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment or Dementia?
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Yang Fangli , Peng Xue , Li Qing , Wang Fan , Xu Zhixiu , Cai Ruiyan , Ji Danxia , Zhang Jian , Wang Minghua , Li Qiong , Ji Sibei , Li Shaomin
Published: September 2022

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a significant protease required for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Yet, the role of MMP-9 in the occurrence and development of cognitive decline after ischemic stroke is not fully understood. In this study, we used clinical data experiments to further investigate whether MMP-9 and genetic polymorphism are associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment or dementia (PSCID). Materials and Methods: A total of 148 patients with PSCID confirmed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 3 months after onset (PSCID group) were included in the study. The MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the serum level of MMP-9 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The same manipulations have been done on 169 ischemic stroke patients without cognitive impairment (NCI group) and 150 normal controls (NC group). Results: The expression level of serum MMP-9 in the PSCID group and NCI group was higher compared to the NC group, and the levels in the PSCID group were higher than that in the NCI group (all p <math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="w1" alttext=" < 0.05). Diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, and increased serum MMP-9 levels were the main risk factors of cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke. The serum level of MMP-9 was negatively correlated with the MoCA score, including visual-spatial executive, naming, attention, language, and delayed recall. Genetic polymorphism showed that TC genotype with MMP-9 rs3918242 and CC genotype were associated with a significantly increased risk of PSCID; moreover, the TC genotype significantly increased the risk of cognitive impairment. In the TCCC genotype of MMP-9 rs3918242, diabetes mellitus and hyperhomocysteinemia were associated with the increased risk of PSCID; also, hyperhomocysteinemia could increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions: MMP-9 level and MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism have an important role in the occurrence and development of post-stroke cognitive impairment or dementia (PSCID).
The standard relationship between choice frequency and choice time is violated in multi-attribute preferential choice
Authors: Hawkins Guy , Cooper Gavin , Cavallaro Jon-Paul
Published: September 2022

Many decision making theories assume a principle of sequentially sampling decision-relevant evidence from the stimulus environment, where sampled evidence is dynamically accumulated toward a threshold to trigger a decision in favour of the threshold-crossing option. A core prediction of sequential sampling models is that options more likely to be chosen are chosen more quickly. This result has been empirically supported hundreds of times for low-level speeded perceptual decisions - the traditional domain of sequential sampling models. More recently, sequential sampling models have been generalised and applied to higher-level preferential, or value-based, decisions - decisions for which there is no objectively correct option. Preferential options are typically composed of multiple attributes, like a phone defined by its price, camera quality, memory capacity, and so on. Here, we show that decisions for such multi-attribute preferential options with defined features violate the core prediction of sequential sampling models: options more likely to be chosen are not chosen more quickly. We find this invariance across 4 data sets spanning multi-attribute choices made in unconstrained conditions, under time pressure, and for multi-attribute options with artificial or marketplace compositions. The result remains whether the relationship between choice frequency and choice time is inspected at the lower level of component attributes or the higher level of whole options. Our finding places critical constraints on the capacity to generalise sequential sampling models from low-level perceptual decisions to high-level multi-attribute preferential choice.
Assessment of Nutrient Expert Tool for Fertilizer Management in Rice at Fulbari, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Milan , Khanal Prabha , Marahatta Santosh , Sah Shrawan Kumar , Subedi Purushottam
Published: September 2022

A field trial was conducted at Fulbari, Chitwan in 2017 to evaluate the growth, productivity and economics of rice production under different nutrient management practices. Trial was laid out in a split-plot design with five replications. The main plot factor consisted of two rice varieties (Radha-4; improved variety and Arize Tej Gold; a popular Hybrid) and subplot factor consisted of five different nutrient management practices farmers’ applied dose (FAD;0-20:0-15:0-18 NPK kg ha-1), government recommended dose (GRD; 100:30:30 NPK kg ha-1), NARC recommended dose (NRD; 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1), LCC based N and NE® based P, K dose (LCC-N+NE-P,K; 90-115:5-22:17-50 NPK kg ha-1 for Radha-4 and 90-140:5-36:38-73 NPK kg ha-1 for Arize Tej Gold), Nutrient Expert® based NPK dose (NED; 93-109:5-22:17-50 NPK kg ha-1 for Radha-4 and 118-125:5-36:38-73 NPK kg ha-1 for Arize Tej Gold). Data regarding biometrical, phenological, and yield attributes were recorded at regular intervals. Results revealed that different nutrient management practices had a significant influence on growth, yield attributes, and yield of rice.  Number of effective tillers per square meter (215.62), number of grains per panicle (132.52), panicle length (27.02 cm) was recorded higher in LCC-N+NE-P, K. Similarly, a number of grains per panicle and panicle length in LCC-N+NE-P, K were statistically similar to NED. Significantly higher grain yield (5.19 Mt ha-1) and straw yield (6.43 Mt ha-1) were recorded in LCC-N+NE-P, K compared to FAD but statistically similar to NED. Higher Benefit-cost (B:C) ratio (2.41) was obtained in LCC-N + NE – P, K which was statistically similar to FAD and NED. Thus, the combined use of LCC and Nutrient Expert software for nutrient management in rice was found productive and profitable in western Chitwan.
Aquatic Imagination or Unweaving the Rainbow: Introduction to Hydro-Stories about American Art
Authors: Markowska Anna
Published: September 2022

As early as the 1940s, the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard was convinced that the eye itself is weary of solids. It was obvious to some American artists almost at the same time, because aquatic imagination has accompanied American art at least since the discovery of the fluidity of paint and the oceanic boundlessness of Pollock’s paintings. However, only Robert Smithson has opened the water discourse in contemporary art, which is not about the representation of water but about the specific relation between the subject and its background. Moreover, a liquid mind opens up to the unplanned. This also happens in Ellen Gallagher’s art, because her counter-memories from the future evoke sea creatures, their mutations and their post-human condition.
Green with Envy? Heterogeneous Voter and Parent Preferences for Public School Expenditures and Teacher Salaries
Authors: Anglum J. Cameron , Rhinesmith Evan
Published: September 2022

In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, education policy debates have thrust a heightened focus on the provision of adequate school resources and on educator well-being and turnover, concerns particularly critical for school districts that serve large shares of economically disadvantaged students. In this article, we investigate voter and parent support for school spending initiatives in Missouri by analyzing data from two representative statewide surveys, one of the state’s voters and one of the state’s parents, focusing on total school spending and spending on teacher salaries. Missouri presents an especially salient setting in which to examine issues of equity in school spending, with below-average school spending and bottom-decile average teacher salaries. In this context, we investigate longstanding predictors of school spending support, including political ideology, alongside new hypotheses, including those pertaining to regional spending inequality and differences between voter and parent constituencies. While political ideology predicted school spending and teacher salary preferences, it did so more strongly for voters than for parents, an important consideration amid heightened political tensions in policy debates. Parent preferences, on the other hand, were more likely to be predicted by opinions of local and statewide school quality. Both voters and parents indicated sensitivity to regional spending inequality with respect to total school spending but not with respect to teacher salaries. Collectively, these findings may inform policymaking efforts in Missouri and similar prevailingly conservative contexts to use constituent preferences to guide legislative efforts.
Food provision of the population: problems of financial and economic accessibility of food
Authors:   VNIOPTUSkH, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas –VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Mazloev Vitaliy Z. , Khairullina Olga I. ,   Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia
Published: September 2022

The article substantiates the need to study the financial component of the economic accessibility of food for the population of the country. The relationship between food consumption and household income has been identified. A sample of households in Russia depending on income was analyzed. In recent years, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic sanctions, the purchasing power of the population for vital products has significantly decreased. The diets of the first 20% of households do not meet the established rational standards. The share of spending on food in consumer spending in the group with the lowest incomes reached 48.2%. A serious threat to healthy nutrition among the poor in Russia and families with children has emerged. The main reason is a significant decrease in the affordability of food products. Support for the affordability of food rations is needed at the state level. Possible options for overcoming food poverty were proposed.
Strategy of development of the grain complex of Russia: new features
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Grain is a branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Bundina Olga I. , Khukhrin Alexey S. ,   Veltmeister LLC, Moscow, Russia, Kolomiets Svetlana N. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Grain is a branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

Russia has become the world leader in grain exports for the sixth year in a row. The country has a huge potential for the development of the grain industry, which is due not only to the presence of significant areas of fertile land, etc., but also to the increase in global turbulence, which generates powerful external incentives for the development of the grain complex of Russia – a high potential demand for grain. The “Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of Russia until 2035”, approved on August 10, 2019, promotes the use of new opportunities emerging in the global situation, provides for the formation of grain clusters. In the article, from the standpoint of system-synergetic, cluster, economic and global approaches, it is proposed to create a system of mutually complementary agro-industrial clusters of grain orientation. In the format of clusters, their functional structures, a system of biotechnologies, etc. they will solve a complex of development problems covering the entire value chain. This is, in particular, the problem of reducing soil fertility, moisture deficiency, especially in the South of Russia, the negative impact of global climate change and unfavorable market conditions, the need to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of grain farming. The elimination of grain losses only from grain diseases (fusariosis), as well as during harvesting and storage, will ensure an increase in the annual revenue of farmers and grain exporters by about 10.4 billion and 16.6 billion US dollars, respectively. The full implementation of the Strategy and its capabilities will increase the profitability of all participants in the grain complex, fulfill the Strategy’s target indicators, and mitigate the negative impact of global climate change.
Accounting for land in accordance with the requirements of the FSBI 6/2020 «Fixed Tools»
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Izhevsk, Russia, Alborov Rolan A. , Kontsevaya Svetlana M. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Izhevsk, Russia, Horuzhy Lyudmila I. ,   RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

Agricultural land (assets) refer to OS-new funds, including significant changes related to recognition, assessment, reflection of the results of their revaluation, as well as impairment and write-off. In this regard, the article discusses the organizational and methodological aspects of accounting for the acquisition, sales and other disposal of land assets. A methodology has been developed for determining fair value and accounting for land plots using the proposed subanalytic accounts (subconto).
Implementation of projects in the field of product diversification as a factor of increasing the economic potential of an industrial enterprise
Authors:   Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-industrial Complex of the Central Chernozem District – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Voronezh Federal Agrarian Scientific Center named after V.V. Dokuchaev», Voronezh, Russia, Zakshevsky Vasily G. , Bogomolova Irina P. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia, Rodionova Natalia S. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia, Shaykin Dmitry V. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
Published: September 2022

The modern business market has such properties as: high competition, volatility, dynamism, instability, unpredictability, high determinism. Based on this, each player must build an adequate strategy of behavior and development of the appropriate niche to ensure a steady increase in sales of their products. In the market segment of meat products there is a large number of participants and there is a fairly wide range of products. Based on this, the most promising companies use modern tools to promote their products and win consumer preferences. One of these tools is product diversification. This is the incentive that can not only strengthen the economic potential of the enterprise, but also increase the overall level of its competitiveness in the relevant market segment. The object of the study was the industrial production and the market of meat products. Applied research and author’s recommendations were tested and implemented on the basis of Saguny Meat Processing Plant LLC. A feasibility study was carried out on the project of introducing functional products into the production of Saguny Meat Processing Plant LLC, namely, the use of a complex functional system (CFS) of food paste and products based on it in the production process. Calculations have proved that the production of paste based on CFS and products with their inclusion will allow the enterprise to receive additional income in the amount of 2,680.20 thousand rubles for the annual period, while labor productivity will increase by 37.16 thousand rubles per person, the profitability of products and sales by 0.081 p.p. and 0.058 p.p., respectively, the costs per 1 rub. of commodity products will decrease by 0.0006 rub. The project to increase the efficiency of using the economic potential of Saguny Meat Processing Plant LLC, as well as its competitiveness in the industry market, is effective and economically feasible.
Transformation of the accounting policy of the organization in accordance with the requirements of the new federal accounting standards
Authors:   Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia, Khairullina Olga I. , Bogdanova Elina A. ,   Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia
Published: September 2022

This article discusses both methodological and legal aspects of accounting policy. The process of transformation of accounting policy, taking into account the new federal accounting standards, was considered. Innovations, taking into account the entry into force of regulatory acts in the following sections of the accounting policy: “Organizational provisions”, “Fixed assets and capital investments” and “Rent (leasing)” were identified. A comparative accounting policy before and after the changes were made. Recommendations for changes in accounting policies were offered.
Social problems of land reform and agricultural development (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region)
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia, Kozlov Vyacheslav V.
Published: September 2022

The paper reveals the social aspects of agrarian reform and its consequences on the example of the development of agricultural production in the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is shown that the Russian peasantry overcomes communal thinking and its irresponsible behavior with great difficulties and delay. The behavior of persons developing and implementing agricultural policy is equally problematic. It is shown that it is necessary to contribute in every possible way to the development of farming as a stage of the natural development of the peasantry of high responsibility, professionalism and creativity. That without legislative registration of new institutions for the development of agriculture and rural life, without large-scale leadership training in rural areas, it is hardly worth counting on significant success.
The critical role of macrophages in ovarian cancer treatment
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Chengdu 610083, China, Wang Yiran , Wang Mingyi
Published: September 2022

The occurrence of and poor prognosis associated with ovarian cancer (OC) pose a serious threat to the health of middle-aged and elderly women. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of OC and establish effective therapeutic measures. The OC microenvironment is thought to facilitate malignancy, as well as close relationships among several types of cells. Macrophages are known to be present in the OC microenvironment. They are usually the M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 anti-inflammatory subtype and contribute to the microenvironment via secreting cytokines. The poor prognosis associated with OC is closely related to the negative regulation of M2 macrophage polarization, which contributes to the immune escape of tumor cells and maintains the malignant growth and distant metastasis of OC cells. In this review, we have focused on the involvement of macrophages in OC during the aging process and the macrophage-based therapeutic strategies for OC. Keywords: Ovarian cancer, macrophage polarization, ageing, tumour associated micro-environment
EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF THE OPTIMAL INTERVAL BETWEEN STITCHES OF AN ONE-ROW INTESTINAL SUTURE WITH REGARD TO TIGHTNESS
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Glazkov A.A. , Kuznetsov A.V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Kuznetsov V.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Gurkina M.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Kostina L.Yu. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University
Published: September 2022

Mastery of the intestine suture skills is one of the main competencies of a surgeon. Most of the available know¬ledge on the technical implementation of the intestinal suture is empirical, obtained over the years of the a¬uthor's practice, and transferred by him to the pages of his written work. In this regard, the study of such technical aspects of the implementation of an one-row intestinal suture is an important direction. The aim of the research is to perform a comparative evaluation of one-row extramucosal intestinal anastomoses realized with different stitch spacing. The study was carried out on preparations of the porcine small intestine after the formation of an one-row extramucosal intestinal anastomosis with different intervals between stitches. After that, an estimation of the tightness, execution time and number of stitches between study groups, was performed. The tightness was assessed by making a hydraulic test to determine the leakage pressure – the intraluminal pressure at which leakage occurred through the suture line. In the course of the study, the optimal interval between stitches was determined when applying an one-row intestinal anastomosis formed on the porcine small intestine.