bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model of development of professional transversal competences of future educators
Authors:   Teacher of the Department of Education, Kokand University, Uzbekistan, Maftunakhon Jaloliddinova
Published: February 2025

The article discusses a comprehensive approach-model aimed at developing general competencies necessary for the professional activities of educators in the educational process, as well as the development of professional transversal competencies of future educators.
Development and evaluation of Dona, a privacy-preserving donation platform for messaging data from WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram
Authors: Hakobyan Olya , Hillmann Paul-Julius , Martin Florian , Böttinger Erwin , Drimalla Hanna
Published: February 2025

Social interactions are a fundamental aspect of human life, yet, their objective and naturalistic measurement remains challenging for scientific research. This challenge can be addressed using digital communication data. To this end, we have developed Dona, an open-source platform for donating messaging data from WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. Given the highly sensitive nature of messaging data, we ensure participant privacy through rigorous data minimization. Dona removes all sensitive information on the user side prior to donation, retaining only de-identified meta-data such as message length and timestamps. This paper presents an overview of the platform, a deployment guide, and example use cases. In addition, we evaluate the informativeness of minimized messaging data for studying social interactions with two approaches. First, we conducted a user study in which 85 participants donated their data, received visualizations of their messaging behavior and evaluated the informativeness of this visual feedback. Second, we performed a quantitative analysis using over 1500 donated chats to confirm whether minimized messaging data captures known aspects of human interactions, such as interaction balance, heterogeneity, and burstiness. The results demonstrate that minimized, de-identified messaging data reflects informative interaction features as assessed by both self-reports and objective metrics. In conclusion, Dona is a donation platform well suited for sensitive contexts in which researchers aim to balance participant privacy with the acquisition of objective and informative data on social interactions.
Enfoque del Cuidado de Enfermería para la Atención de Pacientes Embarazadas con Preeclampsia en el Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Pediátrico Nueva Aurora
Authors: Llumitaxi Pilco Liliana Elizabeth , Inés Patricia Urgilés Vallejo
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La preeclampsia es una complicación médica grave que puede surgir durante el embarazo y que requiere una atención especializada para garantizar la salud tanto de la madre como del feto. Dentro de este campo, el enfoque del cuidado de enfermería para las pacientes embarazadas con preeclampsia es fundamental para estabilizar el cuadro clínico y evitar complicaciones. Objetivo: Explorar desde la visión de las/os profesionales de enfermería el enfoque del cuidado utilizado por la disciplina para la atención de pacientes embarazadas con preeclampsia en el Área de Emergencia Obstétrica del Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Luz Elena Arismendi. Materiales y métodos: La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de diseño fenomenológico e incluyó a 15 profesionales de enfermería del Área de Emergencia Obstétrica del Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Luz Elena Arismendi con una experiencia laboral de al menos 6 meses. Como técnica de recolección se utilizó una entrevista basada en un cuestionario estructurado acorde a las cuatro categorías de análisis.  Resultados: acorde a los resultados obtenidos, los profesionales de enfermería del área de emergencia cuentan con vastos conocimiento y habilidades teórico-prácticas para el abordaje de la preeclampsia, en esta se incluye el control estricto de signos vitales e impregnación de sulfato de magnesio como medidas de primera línea. A más de ello, la aplicación de valores humanos y relación de ayuda resultaron primordiales.  Conclusión: el enfoque del cuidado utilizado para la atención de pacientes embarazadas con preeclampsia en el Área de Emergencia Obstétrica del Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Luz Elena Arismendi es integral por cuanto integra la evidencia científica de protocolos oficialmente reconocidos y a la vez el humanismo, empatía, compasión, respeto y ayuda para una adecuada satisfacción de necesidades físicas y mentales en la gestante preeclampsia.
Factores asociados al fracaso del tratamiento antifímico de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar
Authors: Oña Cerna Hayleen Yamilethe , Guanca Sarmiento Nayeli Brigitte , Velazquez Elizabeth Miranda
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo de investigación científica se desarrolló con el principal objetivo de identificar los factores que influyen en el fracaso del tratamiento antifímico en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar. Por esta razón, el problema que se planteó se enfoca en la TB como principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad anualmente a nivel mundial, al ser un artículo metodológicamente basado en la bibliografía indexada de los últimos 5 años, no se infirió ningún daño u efecto colateral a ningún individuo o al medio ambiente, considerando las bases de las normas bioéticas, por tanto los estudios analizados evidencian que los hombres, especialmente entre las edades de 45 a 50 años aproximadamente, presentan una mayor prevalencia de fracaso terapéutico y abandono, ya sea por factores como el bajo nivel educativo, la pobreza extrema, la falta de vivienda estable y hábitos perjudiciales como el consumo de alcohol y drogas junto con las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos, muchas veces no abordadas de manera oportuna.
ANQUILOSE ALVEOLODENTÁRIA NA CRIANÇA: INDÍCIOS CLÍNICOS E RADIOGRÁFICOS
Authors: Ganem Gustavo Souza , Souza Hevellyn Rodrigues , Lima André Lucas Rocha , Santos Laysa Lacerda Monteiro , Andrade Rita de Cassia Dias Vianna , Freitas Maria da Conceição Andrade de , Monteiro Adriano Monteiro D'almeida , Dultra Joaquim de Almeida , Ismerim Adna Barros
Published: February 2025

A presença de anquilose no espaço pericementário de uma unidade dentária de uma criança representa implicações para as funções do sistema estomatognático, assim como nas intervenções terapêuticas. Objetivo. O presente estudo visa abordar um panorama sobre a anquilose alveolodentária na dentição decídua de crianças pela revisão de literatura. A revisão de literatura consistiu na coleta dos artigos científicos em portugues e inglês pelas bases de dados do Pubmed, Scielo, Google Scholar publicados entre os anos de 2019 a 2024. Os seguintes descritores foram selecionados a partir dos DeCS/MeSH: “Anquilose dental”, “Dente decíduo”, “Diagnóstico”, “Tratamento” que foram combinados por meio de operadores booleanos. A análise de dados evidenciou que o diagnóstico do dente com processo de anquilose é obtido pela interação entre as características clínicas e radiográficas, com enfoque na tomografia computadorizada do feixe cônico. Os objetivos do tratamento do dente anquilosado se baseiam na prevenção ou em medidas terapêuticas para evitar a ocorrência de má oclusão, deslocamento do dente adjacente e distúrbios funcionais orais. Estudos sobre anquilose alveolodentária em crianças servem de alerta na abordagem de aspectos referentes ao diagnóstico precoce e prevenção no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da dentição.
ALVEOLITE PÓS EXODONTIA E POSSÍVEIS FATORES ASSOCIADOS
Authors: Vieira Marília Nanni , MORAIS A. X. , Grisante Letícia Adrielly Dias
Published: February 2025

A alveolite é uma das complicações mais frequentes relacionadas ao pós-operatório de exodontias; com incidência de 5% das cirurgias, e 30% quando trata-se de um terceiro molar incluso. Diagnosticar, tratar e identificar possíveis fatores associados é de suma importância para a segurança e o sucesso do caso. Este capítulo apresentará uma revisão integrativa da etiologia da alveolite, suas classificações e os fatores de risco associados. Além disso, serão discutidos 3 casos clínicos, envolvendo perfis distintos de pacientes e os tratamentos propostos para cada situação, destacando estratégias para prevenção e manejo dessa complicação.
Effects of technology-enhanced active learning on the musical creativity of gifted students
Authors: Maba Adem , Sakar Mümtaz Hakan
Published: February 2025

Technology-enhanced active learning increases not only gifted students’ interest in learning but also facilitates the promotion of their musical creativity. This study uncovers gifted students’ attitude toward technology-enhanced active learning and its effect on their musical creativity. This mixed-methods study used an experimental design followed by semi-structured interviews. We developed a control group (n = 19) and an experimental group (n = 21) of the randomly selected gifted students’ age of 11–13 years old from science and art centres institution at secondary schools in Turkey. We designed an intervention to deliver music curricula through technology-enhanced active learning for the experimental group and without technology-enhanced active learning for the control group. Three experts used a rubric to measure the musical creativity of gifted students. A pre-test and post-test indicated that there was an effect of technology-enhanced active learning on the musical creativity of gifted students. Semi-structured interviews with students also suggested that gifted students have positive attitude towards technology-enhanced active learning. Students have a positive attitude towards the technology-enhanced active learning approach owing to five reasons: finding education programs beneficial, self-expression, improvement in composing skills, improvement in using technology while composing, and eagerness to continue technology-enhanced active music learning.
Resolving Pleiades Binary Stars with Gaia and Speckle Interferometric Observations
Authors: Chulkov Dmitry , Strakhov Ivan , Safonov Boris
Published: February 2025

The Pleiades is the most prominent open star cluster visible from Earth and an important benchmark for simple stellar populations unified by common origin, age, and distance. Binary stars are its essential ingredient, yet their contribution remains uncertain due to heavy observational biases. A resolved multiplicity survey was conducted for a magnitude-limited G < 15mag sample of 423 potential cluster members, including sources with poorly fitted astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3. Speckle interferometric observations at the 2.5 m telescope of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University observatory were combined with Gaia data, enabling the identification of 61 resolved binary or multiple systems within the 0

.

″

04–10″ (5–1350 au) separation range. With speckle observations, we discovered 21 components in 20 systems. The existence of a Merope (23 Tau) companion is confirmed after several previous unsuccessful attempts. We show that the Gaia multipeak fraction is a strong predictor of subarcsecond multiplicity, as all sources with ipd_frac_multi_peak > 4% are successfully resolved. We found that 10% of Pleiades stars have a companion with a mass ratio q > 0.5 within the projected separation of 27 < s < 1350 au, and confirm a deficit of wide binaries with s > 300 au. An observed dearth of wide pairs with a large mass ratio (q > 0.55) may imprint the transition from hard to soft binaries regime at the early stages of cluster evolution. The total binary fraction for q > 0.5 systems is extrapolated to be around 25%.
Multiple Populations of the Large Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster NGC 2257: No Major Environmental Effect on the Formation of Multiple Populations of Old Globular Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo , Kim Tae-Hyeong , Kim Hak-Sub , Sung Hyun-Il , Kim Hwihyun , Mille Francesco Di
Published: February 2025

How the environment of the host galaxy affects the formation of multiple populations (MPs) in globular clusters (GCs) is one of the outstanding questions in near-field cosmology. To understand the true nature of the old GC MPs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), we study the Ca–CN–CH photometry of the old metal-poor LMC GC NGC 2257. We find the predominantly first-generation-dominated populational number ratio of n(FG):n(SG) = 61:39(±4), where FG and SG denote the first and second generations, respectively. Both the FG and SG have similar cumulative radial distributions, consistent with the idea that NGC 2257 is dynamically old. We obtain [Fe/H]
hk
= −1.78 ± 0.00 dex(σ = 0.05 dex), and our metallicity is ∼0.2 dex larger than that from the high-resolution spectroscopy by others, due to their significantly lower temperatures by ∼−200 K. The NGC 2257 FG shows a somewhat larger metallicity variation than the SG, the first detection of such a phenomenon in an old LMC GC, similar to Galactic GCs with MPs, strongly suggesting that it is a general characteristic of GCs with MPs. Interestingly, the NGC 2257 SG does not show a helium enhancement compared to the FG. Our results for the Galactic normal GCs exhibit that the degree of carbon and nitrogen variations is tightly correlated with the GC mass, while NGC 2257 exhibits slightly smaller variations in its mass. We show that old LMC GCs follow the same trends as the Galactic normal GCs in the ΔW
CF336W,F438W,F814W, N
FG/N
tot, and

log
M
/

M

⊙

domains. Our result indicates that the environment of the host galaxy did not play a major role in the formation and evolution of GC MPs.
The Oxidation–Deuteration Processes of Large, Astronomically Relevant Cationic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Zhao Nian , Zhang Congcong , Yang Xuejuan , Tielens Alexander G. G. M. , Zhen Junfeng
Published: February 2025

In interstellar environments, gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) predominantly involves (photo)fragmentation, hydrogenation, and oxidation chemical routes, which lead to the formation of complex organic species. Here the gas-phase reactions between tribenzo-naphtho-pero-pyrene (TNPP, C40H18) cations and ultraviolet, 18/16O or D atoms are investigated. The oxidized TNPP cations ([C40H18/17/16O
n
]+, n = [1, 6]) are newly formed; the collision-induced deoxidation of oxidized TNPP cations is followed by the loss of HCO/CO units. With laser irradiation, the photo-deoxidation of oxidized TNPP cations is identified. Smaller PAH cations, [C40−n
H18−n
]+, with n = [1, 5], i.e., PAHs containing odd carbon numbers (e.g., 39, 37 C atoms), are produced. Furthermore, the oxidized–deuterated TNPP cations ([C40H
m
D
n
O
x
]+) are well formed upon simultaneous reaction with O and D atoms. The structure of the oxidized–deuterated TNPP cations and the bonding energy for these reaction pathways were investigated with theoretical calculations. Four oxidation bonding types are identified together with their evolution pathways. The reaction energy is relatively high, and the addition of O/D atoms to the carbon skeleton is a relatively random and independent event, i.e., with no restrictions or requirements for the carbon sites of PAH species. Consequently, the oxidized–deuterated states and forms of PAH compounds are intricate and complex. Furthermore, the calculations confirm that the loss of CO or H+CO is energetically preferable. Importantly, the formation of the carbonyl unit is confirmed. We infer that the collision/photo-induced deoxidation (loss of (H)CO units) of oxidized PAH species is involved in the top-down evolution routes of large PAHs and effectively catalyzes the potential formation of small oxygen-containing species (e.g., OH/HCO/CO) in the interstellar medium.
Biotremological research using a DIY piezoelectric contact microphone - examples with insects
Authors: Gjonov Ilia , Lapeva-Gjonova Albena , Pramatarova Monika
Published: February 2025

This study presents a new design of sensor tool to record substrate-borne vibrations produced by insects. We applied a piezo element acting as a contact microphone connected to a digital recorder to detect the signals emitted by insects. A suitable 3D printed microphone box with a mechanism of connection to the substrate or to soft tweezers holding the insect is created. We found that the recordings of the low-frequency signals (up to 20 кHz) were sufficiently good for analysis and, at the same time, a much faster and easier method than the common ones of detecting micro-vibrations using a piezoelectric sensor and, importantly, is incomparably cheaper than using a laser vibrometer. This setup is suitable for the detection and structural description of signals emitted by insects and other arthropods. Oscillograms, spectrograms and audio files of the recorded signals of selected ants (Manica rubida, Latreille, 1802, Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910, Myrmica ravasinii Finzi, 1923) and Ponera coarctata (Latreille, 1802)), an ant nest beetle (Paussus turcicus I. Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1835), a planthopper (Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898)) and a jumping plant louse (Bactericera perrisii Puton, 1876) are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the created equipment. The recordings from stridulation in Myrmica ravasinii, Manica rubida, Ponera coarctata and Paussus turcicus and the male call song of Orosanga japonica represent the very first documented signal production for these species. A scheme of the contact microphone and its mode of connection is shown. The research presented will democratise biotremological methods for the needs of integrative taxonomy and behavioural ecology, providing a broader understanding of vibrational signals through an efficient, accessible and operational method for both professional and citizen scientists.
Re-description and dietary ecology of the Hylarana annamitica (Sheridan & Stuart, 2018) (Ranidae) from central Vietnam
Authors: To Duong , Le Minh Duc , Le Hang , Phan My , Ho Anh , Nguyen Truong , Ziegler Thomas , Pham Anh
Published: February 2025

The Annam Stream Frog Hylarana annamitica was recently discovered from north and central Vietnam and Laos by Sheridan and Stuart (2018). Knowledge of its natural history is virtually lacking.

In this study, we provide an extended morphological description of Hylarana annamitica, based on newly-collected specimens from Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. In addition, we present data on the diet of Hylarana annamitica, based on stomach content analyses of 46 individuals (32 males and 14 females) and compare prey selection between sexes. We found a total of 37 prey categories with 339 items, comprising 327 items of invertebrates, two items of vertebrates and 10 unidentified in the stomachs of H. annamitica. The most important (IRI) groups amongst the prey of H. annamitica were Coleoptera (17.19%), followed by Mantodea (14.78%), Orthoptera (11.26%), Lepidoptera (11.13%), Araneae (10.0%) and Blattodea (9.87%). There was an overlap of 45.63% in the diet between males and females and, in both sexes, the trophic spectrum was similar, predominantly consisting of Araneae, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea and Orthoptera.
The Formal Model for the butterfly Pieris napi (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) agent-based model in the Animal Landscape and Man Simulation System (ALMaSS)
Authors: Topping Christopher John , Duan Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

We present a formal model for Pieris napi, the green-veined white. This model is intended for inclusion in the Animal Landscape and Man Simulation System as the basis for regulatory assessment of the impacts of pesticides on butterfly pollinators. We propose implementing the model using an individual-based format, with the added complication of a dynamically coupled individual-based model for parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The model’s main drivers are weather, temperature and the distribution of larval food plants and nectar forage resources in space and time. A prototype model description is presented, describing the full model ready for implementation. The model considers individuals at all life stages, from eggs to adults and utilises thermal performance models to represent development. Movement is modelled in detail, integrating dispersal, egg laying and foraging. Mortality sources include parasitoids, background mortality, slow development and pesticide and farm management mortality. A simple toxicological model is described as a basis for future expansion.
The Impact of Male Dominance on Women's Role in the Division of Labour During and Post-Conflict in Tamil Society
Authors: Keerthika S.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the far-reaching impact of male dominance on the formulation of women's roles in the division of labour during and post-conflict periods within Tamil society. Despite the significance of gender equality in achieving a harmonious social environment, traditional gender roles and kinship systems often perpetuate gender disparities. The Tamil society, affected by conflict, offers a unique context to investigate how male dominance influences women's roles in the division of labour. This research aims to explore how the intersection of gender, conflict, and societal structures affects women's agency and participation in the labour market. By analyzing the experiences of Tamil women during and after conflict, this study seeks to identify the ways in which male dominance shapes their roles in the division of labour, perpetuating gender inequalities. The findings of this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between gender, conflict, and labour, informing strategies to promote gender equality and empowerment in post-conflict societies.
A Study of Historical Development of Psychological Treatment and Counselling Service in Srilanka
Authors: Kajavinthan K.
Published: February 2025

This research examined based on the changes and challenges faced by mental health services in Sri Lanka from ancient times to modern times. The study has detailed and explained how mental health development and service connected with spirituality, Ayurveda, psychiatry and psychology, and how it separated and developed into separate fields over time. Not only this, the traditional methods of psychotherapy, its importance, its contribution, the influence of modern medicine, the challenges of psychotherapy and its contemporary trends are also explored.In contemporary period government and Non-government has focused its attention on creating a mental health system. In this process, attention also focused on building mental health and creating an efficient mental health system, and strengthening all the basic elements of mental health services, quality and accountability, focusing on mental health promotion and prevention, as well as continuing to develop a qualified workforce and developing child and adolescent mental health and specialized expertise and services.
Near working distances adopted by university students while viewing printed materials
Authors: Hasrod Nabeela
Published: February 2025

Back ground: With the increased near visual requirements among university students needed for studying and reading, both on printed material and with digital devices being used for these activities now more than pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the near working distance (NWD) may have shifted from the standard NWD of 40 cm.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the working distance adopted by university students while viewing printed material at near.Setting: The study took place within a South African university. The sample consisted of 455 students, predominantly female (63.7%) of African descent (90.8%). The age range was from 17 years to 33 years with the mean age and standard deviation (s.d.) of 20.93 ± 2.06 years.Methods: While reading a 40 cm near chart in the seated position, in a room with a standardised chart luminance of 500 lux, three consecutive measurements of habitual near distance were measured.Results: For the whole sample, the mean NWD was 39.99 cm ± 9.41 cm, with a maximum and minimum of 64 cm and 16.17 cm, respectively, and a range of 47.83 cm. Females presented with larger mean NWD (40.19 cm ± 9.74 cm). Although white people were the smallest sample, they also had the smallest mean NWD (N = 9; 31.37 cm ± 7.91 cm). Finally, mixed-race people presented with the greatest variation in results (s.d. = 11.48 cm), whereas Indian Asian people had the smallest variation in NWD measurements (s.d. = 5.81 cm).Conclusion: University students have a mean NWD close to the standard clinical testing distance of 40 cm used for near testing, with 0.01 cm difference.Contribution: This study has established the NWD for university students compared to the standard of 40 cm that is used in the examination of patients in clinical practice. There are limited studies that have analysed the NWD in a South African university setting.
Revisiting botulinum toxin in isolated apraxia of eyelid opening: A case-based review of literature
Authors: Jha Shreyashi , Roy Arijit
Published: February 2025

Apraxia of Eyelid Opening (ALO)is a motor abnormality characterized by difficulty in initiating eyelid elevation upon voluntary command. Botulinum Toxin (BT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for ALO, consistent with the hypothesis that dystonia underlies its pathophysiology. We present an interesting case of isolated ALO successfully treated with an optimized BT administration technique that resulted in adequate resolution of symptoms. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on BT use in isolated ALO and propose a standardized protocol to enhance treatment efficacy.
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia associated with celiac disease: Case report
Authors: Mukherjee Angshuman , Kumar Neeraj , Pawar Meghna , Dabla Surekha , Aneja Ankit
Published: February 2025

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder manifesting chiefly as gluten sensitive enteropathy but extra-intestinal manifestations have also been increasingly identified. Movement disorders that have been recognized as manifestations of celiac disease include cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, and chorea. Here we present a case of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in a young adult male patient who was evaluated for secondary causes of PKD after genetic study was inconclusive and was found to have significantly raised levels of IgATTG antibody titres suggestive of celiac disease. His presenting complaints resolved with gluten restricted diet.
Comparative Prospective Study of Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma Injection versus Platelet-rich Plasma Dressing for Treating Chronic Non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Debnath Anindya , Das Jaya , Athani Badarinath , Zachariah Kurian , Rawat Nidhi
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a severe complication with the potential for lower limb amputations. This is a pilot study investigating the comparative efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for chronic DFUs, utilising dressing and perilesional/wound bed injection methods.

Methods:

In this prospective comparative interventional study, 15 patients with non-healing chronic DFUs (Wagner Grade 1 or 2) were enrolled in each group. Group 1 received PRP via dressing while Group 2 underwent perilesional and wound bed injections with a 1-week interval between treatments. Evaluation included the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing tool, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale and a secondary analysis of the correlation between wound healing and glycaemic control.

Results:

The PRP injection group showed a statistically significant reduction in ulcer size (P < 0.035), exudate (P < 0.026) and tissue type (P < 0.003). Notably, this group exhibited a higher incidence of wound improvement overall. However, no statistically significant correlation emerged between wound healing and glycaemic control.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that PRP injection for chronic DFUs surpasses the effectiveness of PRP dressing alone, proving to be a cost-effective and secure approach. The intervention yielded satisfactory results, expediting the healing process of chronic diabetic ulcers. These findings offer valuable insights for refining treatment approaches for DFUs.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Low Back Pain in Young Adults at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeast India
Authors: Harshith R. , Ray Jaybrata
Published: February 2025

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate degenerative changes in the lumbar spine of young adults aged 18–39 years with low back pain (LBP), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It seeks to correlate MRI findings with varying levels of physical activity to gain insights into effective management strategies.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to July 2024 at the Department of Radiology, Agartala Government Medical College and GBP Hospital. Sixty patients (aged 18–39 years) presenting with LBP were included and classified into three activity levels: routine, moderate and strenuous. MRI was performed using a 3.0 Tesla Siemens MRI machine, with standardised sequences. MRI findings were classified into disc degeneration, spinal canal narrowing, Modic changes, Schmorl’s nodes, spondylolisthesis and osteophytes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Out of 60 participants, 61.7% were male and 38.3% female. The majority were aged 26–39 years (76.6%). 70% had routine activities and 80% had chronic LBP. The most common MRI findings were disc desiccation (70%), disc bulge (73.3%) and type 2 Modic changes (78.3%), with disc desiccation increasing significantly with age (P = 0.037). Disc herniation and canal stenosis increased with age (P < 0.05). Spinal canal stenosis was most commonly Grade 1 (50%). Loss of lumbar lordosis was observed in 91.7% of cases, and osteophytes and facet joint sclerosis were more prevalent in older patients (P = 0.026). The L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels were most affected, with multilevel disc involvement seen in 43.3% (P = 0.012). Spinal canal stenosis, especially in severe cases, was significantly associated with disc herniation (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

MRI plays a crucial role in diagnosing lumbar spine abnormalities in young adults with LBP, with degenerative changes such as disc desiccation, disc bulge and Modic changes being common with increasing age. These changes, particularly in individuals aged 26–39, emphasise the importance of early intervention and lifestyle modifications. However, some patients showed no MRI abnormalities, highlighting the multifactorial nature of LBP. MRI should be used judiciously, with conservative management prioritised in younger individuals unless red-flag symptoms or failure of conservative treatment occurs while recommending MRI for those in or over the 26–39 years age group.

Limitations:

The study’s cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish causality. Self-reported activity levels may introduce bias, and the lack of a control group limits the ability to differentiate between pathological and normal age-related changes. In addition, the single-centre setting may affect the generalisability of the findings. The high cost and limited accessibility of MRI in resource-constrained settings like India further complicate widespread application.
Mycochemical analysis and antibacterial activities of aqueous Kulat Pelawan (Heimioporus spp.) mushroom extracts
Authors: Darmasiwi Sari , Witasari Lucia Dhiantika , Maysaroh Alivia Nur , Khairunnisa Arfista Deska
Published: February 2025

The bioprospection of Heimioporus spp. has not been extensively explored because of its limited distribution and cultivation. This investigation aims to examine the proximate, mycochemicals, and antibacterial properties of aqueous Heimioporus spp. extracts. The dried mushroom was analyzed for nutritional content quantitatively, and mycochemicals were identified quantitatively. Antimicrobial activities were studied using disc diffusion assays and minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Mushroom extracts were produced by maceration at 25°C ± 2°C for 48 h and boiled at 100°C for 30 min to yield cold aqueous extract (CAE) and hot aqueous extract (HAE), respectively, which were then tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes. The mycochemicals were analyzed for their alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. The study utilized ANOVA and DMRT statistical analysis software, with P < 0.05, to analyze the results. Results showed high protein (30.88%), carbohydrate (47.57%), and fat content (0.61%). The CAE showed higher antibacterial activity than the HAE against E. coli (9.67 ± 0.58 mm) and S. aureus (10.00 ± 0.00 mm) but no antibacterial activity against P. acnes (P < 0.05). The CAE had more mycochemicals than HAE. Results suggested that Heimioporus spp. is a potential functional food with health benefiits, which has high lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content. Its extracts revealed strong antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus but no inhibition against P. acnes.
Fractionation of an ethanolic extract of purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum) with antioxidant and lipoxygenase activity inhibition assay
Authors: Makkiyah Feda Anisah , Amalina Siti , Rahmi Eldiza Puji , Pradana Dhigna Luthfiyani Citra
Published: February 2025

Graptophyllum pictum offers therapeutic potential that has received attention from researchers around the world. The purple leaf is native to New Guinea and has been widely distributed, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and potential inhibition of the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme in the hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of purple leaf. Samples were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by multilevel fractionation using ethyl acetate, hexane, and water solvents. The fractions were determined for their antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, and their potential in LOX enzyme inhibition was analyzed using an ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity with inhibition concentration (IC50) of 17.23 µg/mL; LOX inhibition was also demonstrated by the highest ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 133.47 µg/mL, followed by the hexane fraction, and then the water fraction. These results suggest purple leaves with ethyl acetate fraction can be a new drug innovation with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and this study can be used as an evaluation material for further drug development.
Behçet’s disease: A review of the ophthalmologic findings reported in Behçet’s original descriptions
Authors: Accorinti Massimo , Gilardi Marta , Cecere Michela , Ohno Shigeaki , De Geronimo Daniele
Published: February 2025

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic disease characterized by the onset of oral aphthae, genital ulceration, skin lesions, and uveitis. Although it seems that the first description of this disease was made by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC, the Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet in 1937 proposed the association of oral and genital ulcers and uveitis as an expression of a distinct disease. This review aimed to critically examine the first descriptions by Hulusi Behçet and compare the clinical ocular findings he reported between 1937 and 1940 with those observed in the current era. No significant changes have been observed over time regarding gender distribution, mean age at onset, bilaterality, and occurrence of posterior/panuveitis, while the occurrence of hypopyon seems to decrease and that of anterior uveitis to increase. In Behçet’s works, it is possible to find a quite a detailed description of many of the common clinical features of this disease, based on the observation of a few cases, and without the aid of modern ancillary technologies. Finally, in recent reports, there is no adequate acknowledgment of Behçet’s first observations.
Congenital Malformations in Chicken Embryos After Oxybenzone Exposure
Authors: Saragih Hendry T.S. , Empra Desi Eka Putri , Rahmadian Desti , Shalihah Fianicha , Primahesa Alfian , Oktaviana Shintia , Allimi Hayu Swari , Septriani Nur Indah , Nuriliani Ardaning
Published: February 2025

Topical use of oxybenzone, commonly found in sunscreens, can be absorbed by the skin, and long-term use may cause endocrine disruption, cancer, and teratogenic effects. However, its potential teratogenic effects on embryonic development have not been well-studied. This study aims to determine the impact of oxybenzone exposure on the early stage of embryonic development. Chicken embryos aged 72 hours (20 Hamburger-Hamilton/HH stage) were exposed to a pure oxybenzone for 24 hours at varying concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 ppm), each group consisting of 3 embryos. Embryo preparations were made using the wholemount method. Morphological abnormalities were observed with a stereo microscope, and descriptively morphometric measurements were analyzed using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis used One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test for normally distributed data, while Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data. This study found that oxybenzone significantly enlarged the embryo, telencephalon, and eye. Several abnormalities were observed in the embryos exposed to oxybenzone, including incomplete closure of the anterior neuropore, concavity in the anterior and lateral of the mesencephalon, and depressions in the tail bud. This study concludes that oxybenzone acts as a teratogen, causing abnormalities in embryonic development, particularly in the central nervous system.
Chemical Components of Essential Oils from Woods of Cinnamomum burmanii (Ness) BL, Santalum album Linn., and Cryptocarya massoia (Oken) Kosterm and Their Application as Antibacterial Additives in Transparent Herbal Soaps
Authors: Ariani Sri Retno Dwi , Lestari Tatik
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to isolate and identify the chemical components of essential oils from woods of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii (Ness) BL), sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.), and massoia (Cryptocarya massoia (Oken) Kosterm) and to determine their effect as additives for transparent herbal soap in terms of their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923 and the soap quality. The results showed that cinnamon, sandalwood, and massoia essential oils contained, respectively, 14, 20, and 9 chemical components, all of which had been identified. The chemical components with the highest percentage contained in the essential oils of cinnamon, sandalwood, and massoia were cinnamaldehyde (91.71%), β-bisabolen (37.79%), and massoia lactone (77.56%), respectively. The soaps’ antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATTC 25923 increased from moderate (with an inhibitory power of 9.67 mm) to strong. The addition of 3% massoia essential oil got the highest inhibitory power of 16.47 mm (strong), followed by that of 3% cinnamon essential oil and 3% sandalwood essential oil, getting 15.37 mm and 12.19 mm, respectively, both of which were considered strong as well. The results of the organoleptic description test showed that each soap had a distinctive color and aroma depending on the type of essential oil added. The quality test results, including transparency, pH, foam stability, water content, and saponification number, indicated that the formulation had good quality.
Immune Response to Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Rabbits Immunized with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Zaenab  , Tafroji Wisnu , Salsabila Korrie , Winarti Yayah , Wulandari I Gusti Ayu Inten , Yasmon Andi , Safari Dodi
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the immune response of a rabbit model to polysaccharide capsules of Streptococcus pneumoniae after primary and booster immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Rabbits were immunized with 0.25 ml of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on Day 0, 7, and 14. Blood of rabbits was collected to measure the specific antibodies against the native polysaccharide capsules of S. pneumoniae serotypes 6B (Anti-Pn6BPS antibodies) and 19F (Anti-19FPS antibodies) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specific anti-Pn6BPS and anti-Pn19FPS antibodies in the immunized group increased significantly compared to the control rabbit after immunization (P<0.05). The highest titer of anti-Pn6BPS and anti-Pn19FPS antibodies were obtained on Day 21 and Day 28, respectively. The third immunization on Day 21 is a fairly high increase in specific antibodies against polysaccharide type 6B and type 19F. The highest antibody titers against polysaccharide capsules of S. pneumoniae were obtained after booster immunization.
Antibacterial Activities of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) Leaf Extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603
Authors: Kalasuba Karina , Rahayuningsih Sri Rejeki , Amalia Eri , Syaputri Yolani , Doni Febri , Rustama Mia Miranti
Published: February 2025

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniaeis a critical pathogen causing severe human diseases, including pneumonia. Combating the growing threat of MDRK. pneumoniae requires innovative approaches, such as exploring plant-derived antibacterial agents. Rhizophora stylosa Griff., a mangrove species with traditional medicinal uses, is recognized for its bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties. However, research on its bioactive constituents remains limited. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of R. stylosa leaf extracts prepared via maceration and liquid-liquid fractionation against K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603. Using agar-well diffusion and cell leakage assays, the water fraction demonstrated moderate inhibition of K. pneumoniae, producing an average inhibition zone of 8.24 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400 mg/ml. UV-Vis spectrophotometry revealed that the water fraction disrupted protein and nucleic acid synthesis, evidenced by leakage of cellular materials at 260 and 280 nm. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of K. pneumoniae cells treated with the water fraction showed pore formation and structural damage. These results emphasize the antibacterial potential of the water fraction of R. stylosa leaves against MDRK. pneumoniae. Further investigations are necessary to isolate and identify the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these effects. Moreover, comprehensive assessments of activity and toxicity are crucial to advance R. stylosa-based antibacterial agents as promising alternatives for addressing the challenge of MDR bacterial infections.
Molecular Evidence Points to Strong Resemblance in the Parasitoid Species of Rice and Cogongrass Gall Midges, Platygaster spp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae)
Authors: Hidayat Purnama , Lestari Yuliana Ayu , Nurulita Sari
Published: February 2025

The rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae, and the cogongrass gall midge, O. javanica, cause gall formation on rice and cogongrass (alang-alang) (Imperata cylindrica).  Two different species parasitize these two gall midges but closely related platygasterids, Platygaster oryzae on the rice gall midge and P. orseoliae on the cogongrass gall midge. Both the gall midges and their parasitoids are often found in the adjacent area, raising a question about the relationship between the two gall midges and their parasitoids. This research aims to study the molecular identity of the rice and cogongrass gall midges, along with their platygasterid parasitoids, based on partial sequences of the mtCOI gene. Samples were collected from rice and cogongrass in the adjacent area in Cianjur, West Java Province, and a rice field with no cogongrass in Bogor, West Java Province. Successful DNA amplification was achieved using universal primers for mtCOI. Nucleotide sequencing analysis revealed that the rice gall from Bogor and Cianjur shared 100% similarity and 93.2-99.3% similarity with the rice gall from other countries. Notably, the parasitoids P. oryzae collected from rice in Bogor and Cianjur shared 97.2% similarity with P. orseoliae collected from cogongrass in Cianjur. These findings suggest that the platygaster parasitoids associated with the rice gall and the cogongrass gall midges are identical, serving as potential natural enemies for both pests. This study represents the first molecular identification report of rice and cogongrass gall midges and their platygasterid parasitoids from Java Island, Indonesia.
Potential of Cinnamomum burmanni Leaf Extract as an Exogenous Antioxidant and Spermatoprotective for Rattus norvegicus L. Exposed to Polystyrene Nanoplastics
Authors: Nurbani Farah Annisa , Pramudya Manikya , Safitri Maya , Sugiharto  , Aunurohim  , Hayati Alfiah , Septiani Adiibtia , Dewi Putri Alicia , Nashrulloh Allam Thoriq , Vuanghao Lim
Published: February 2025

Polytyrene nanoplastics (NPs) (<1 µm) have high toxicity when entered and accumulated in cells. NPs accumulation causes oxidation stress, thus increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in necrosis or apoptosis, as well as affecting endogenous antioxidant activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Cinnamomum burmanni plant contains flavonoids, cinnamaldehyde, phen, and olic acid, potentially exogenous antioxidants. The study aims to analyze the potential of C. burmanni leaf extract for SOD and CAT levels, sperm quality, epithellia tubulus thickness, tubulus seminiferus diameter, and number of spermatogenic Rattus norvegicus cells exposed to NPs. Twenty-five male R. novergicus are divided into five groups (n = 5): two controls (without and with NPs) and three groups (combination of NPs and variations in extract concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The SOD and CAT levels were measured with an ELISA kit. The histology was observed by counting the spermatogenic cells, measuring the epithellia thickness, and tubulus seminiferus diameter. The sperm motility, viability, and sperm count were observed to determine the sperm quality. Leaf extract of C. burmanni treatment with different concentrations not significantly increased SOD levels but significantly decreased the levels of CAT (P<0.05). The addition of C. burmanni leaf extract significantly increased the spermatogenic cell count, epithelia tubulous thickness, sperm viability, and sperm count (P<0.05), while sperm motility and tubulous seminiferous diameter not significantly increased. According to the results, C. burmanni leaf extract has antioxidant potential against the toxic effects of NPS.
Genome-wide Screening of Zinc-Responsive Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana for Enhanced Phytoremediation Potential
Authors: AL-Janaby Mohammed Salih , Rasheed Yousry Sadoon , Hammood Mohammed Torki , Mohammed Fahad Mustafa
Published: February 2025

Zinc contamination presents considerable threats to human health, agricultural practices, and ecological systems. Arabidopsis thaliana has demonstrated potential for use in phytoremediation, which is an environmentally friendly strategy aimed at addressing this type of pollution. This study identified genes associated with phytoremediation in A. thaliana. This identification was achieved through comparative bioinformatics analysis involving 27 plant species. A critical literature review was conducted. This review aimed to collect genes involved in metal uptake and transport across various hyperaccumulator plant species. A database in BLAST format was generated to enable the study of main homologous protein families, including ATP-binding Cassette transporters, acyl-CoA-binding proteins, metallothioneins, and phytochelatin synthases. In silico screening for zinc-binding was performed by means of a web application based on the deep-learning framework called GNINA. The results highlighted the fact that within the phytochelatin synthases-especially PCS1 and PCS2, the protein PCS2 has the highest affinity to zinc. Heavy metal ATPases involved in the vital process of metal transport and homeostasis include HMA1. Zinc transporters responsible for zinc uptake and sequestration include cation exchanger 1CAX1 and IRT2. The information thus provided explains in detail the complex molecular machinery regulating metal detoxification in A. thaliana and provides insights for developing transgenic plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities. Future research should target these genes to create plants with improved metal tolerance and accumulation, advancing phytoremediation technologies.