bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Continuous Roll Forming for Three-Dimensional Surface Parts
Authors: Wang Mi , Cai Zhong Yi , Sui Zhou , Li Ming Zhe
Published: November 2013

Continuous roll forming is a new technology for manufacturing three-dimensional surface parts. Extensive numerical simulations of continuous roll forming process were carried out. The influence of the middle curve and the magnitude of the roll gap on the longitudinal curvature of formed parts is investigated. Wrinkling is one of the most important defects for the formed parts in continuous roll forming process. A simplified model was established for analyzing the wrinkling of saddle-shaped part and torus-shaped part. The simulated results show that the wrinkling of saddle-shaped part is located at the edges, and the wrinkling of torus-shaped part emerges in the vicinity of middle region.
Design and Calibration of MIMU Based on Chip Size Micro Inertial Sensors
Authors: Xu Yun , Zhu Xin Hua , Wang Yu
Published: November 2013

With rapid development of micro fabrication technology, the performance of MIMU has gradually improved. The MIMU introduced in this paper is based on the silicon micro machined gyroscope of type MSG7000D and accelerometer of type MSA6000. The volume of it is 3×3×3cm3, the mass is 68.5g and the power consumption is less than 1w. The experimental result shows that the bias stability of the gyroscope and accelerometer for each axis of the designed MIMU is less than 10°/h and 0.5mg respectively. For the non orthogonality in three axes of the structure, MIMU needs to be calibrated. After calibration, the measurement accuracy has improved by an order of magnitude. The designed MIMU can satisfy the requirement of high performance, low cost, light weight and small size for strap-down navigation system, thus it can be widely applied not only to the field of vehicles integrated navigation, attitude measurement but also to the fields of personal goods such as mobile, game consoles and so on.
Balance Equation - An Essential Element of the Definition of the Drying Process
Authors: Orlovský Imrich , Hatala Michal , Duplák Ján
Published: November 2013

The paper describes the basic principle of the proposal of a mathematical model drying. In the beginning of the article is a brief description of the material to be monitored during drying. Factors examined are the ceramic powder, which is obtained from spraying the emulsion in the drying kiln. Material is silicon carbide. It is further described principle of the drying process. The main part is to identify the parameters of the drying process, and it those that most influencing the actual drying and compilation of the balance equation. The aim of this article is find optimal solutions equation so that we can adequately define a mathematical model of the drying process and thus better control the process of drying - the quality (humidity) ceramic powder.
The Modern Tableware Design Based on Fengxiang Clay Sculpture Art Research
Authors: Chen Li Ling , Zhang Yi , Chen Jun Xuan
Published: November 2013

The development of modern industrial design has a great influence on the product design, not only on the function and structure of products, but also on the combination between these elements and culture. As one famous folk craft of Shaanxi Guanzhong Xifu, Fengxiang sculpture consists of lot totems, pattern, shape, color and craft elements which could be used in design. Tableware design combined with traditional culture can reflect the functions; at the same time improve the artistic quality of products and rich the interest. Products are endowed with the traditional culture elements, in this way, the product is not only a product, but the new soil of the traditional culture.
Development of Embedded Intelligent Line-Following Robot Based on Image Processing
Authors: Wen Yu Juan , Liu Zhe
Published: November 2013

Aiming at dealing with the problems of traditional inspection robot, such as low accuracy of path identification, an embedded intelligent inspection robot based on image processing is developed. With uCOSs efficient real-time control ability and image processing technology, the robot can follow the line automatically. The experiment showed that the intelligent robot can identify the path accurately and adjust the direction and speed quickly
Research and Simplified Calculation of a New-Type Forging Flange under Bending Moments
Authors: Li Qin , Li Cheng Cheng , Zhou Chen Feng
Published: November 2013

For the main connection of large-size steel poles, the paper presents a new-type forging flange joint with outer and inner ring bolts. The proposed mode of this flange and other mechanics parameters are used in Bai huadong steel poles. Nonlinear analysis simulating by the general-purpose FE software ANSYS is applied in calculation of bolts rotational axis. Finally, according to the flexure theory, the formula of maximum moment in flange plate is proposed.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Coke Production from Delayed Coking Process
Authors: Sun Ren Jin , Chung Keng H. , Ng Siauw , Wang Hao
Published: November 2013

Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis was performed for a 1.6 million tons per year (30,000 BPD) delayed coking unit. The results show that the LCC of coke production is higher than the price of coke and profits are obtained at the expense of environmental costs. The feedstock cost accounts for a majority of LCC. The variability impacts of processing expenses and carbon dioxide (CO2) price on LCC are relative similar. This suggests that if a higher CO2 price is imposed on coke production, it is unlikely that the producer will make any effort to reduce the CO2 emissions either by improving the efficiency of coking process or implement CO2 remediation initiatives. The CO2 price increase will be considered as a processing cost increase. The green factor (GF) is predominantly dependent on coke price; an increased coke price improves the GF significantly. Increased CO2 price has a negative impact on GF, but the relative incremental impact of CO2 price on GF is less at high CO2 prices. Hence, there is little can be done to improve the GF of coke production, since the coke price is beyond the control of coke producer.
Dynamic Temperature Profiles of Plasma Neutralization Induced by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Chang Wen Teng , Liang Yi
Published: November 2013

This paper investigates the thermal profiles of plasma neutralization induced by microwave radiation by the chronological examination of their thermal distributions. Single triangular, circular, and bowtie-shaped copper tapes were trimmed to investigate the plasma neutralization burst under microwave irradiation. The infrared thermal images showed that the copper tape with a more acute angle and with a narrower gap between the bowtie-shaped electrodes was inclined to generate high plasma density. A high plasma-density area was eventually observed, generating a higher temperature peak based on the experimental results. Thermal dissipation under room temperature was found critical in determining peak temperature after burst. These results may provide basis for the development of an inexpensive, microwave-induced local heating.
Optimization Design on 500kV Substation Overhead Concrete Platform
Authors: Qi Xiao , Wei Xiao Guang , Li Ya Nan
Published: November 2013

To achieve the optimization of 500 kV substation overhead concrete platform, regarding cost minimum of the frame structure as the optimization goal function, according to the conditions and the bearing capacity, using penalty function optimization method to design the frame structure concrete platform and establish its mathematical model, so as to make the concrete platform meet with the cost saving demands under the premise of structure safety.
Research on Mine Gas Prediction Based on Cloud Computing Data Integrating Mode
Authors: Zhang Yi
Published: November 2013

Because of the lack of data sharing mechanism among different safety monitor systems used in current Chinese coal mine enterprises, it is unlikely to fuse and process mine gas monitoring data and human monitoring data. In this article, a mine gas prediction method is proposed based on cloud computing data integrating mode. The method integrates all mine gas monitoring data server resources together, and then processes the obtained data by using network distributed computing resources cluster pattern and analysis the processed data. The analyzed result will provide technique support for decision making. The article introduced the architecture of cloud computing data integrating mode pattern, and built up simulation based on real time data. Simulation result indicated that it is sufficient and accurate to predict mine gas density by using virtual service system to achieve multi-source data calculation.
Numerical Evaluation of Effective Material Constants for CNT-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites
Authors: Chwał Małgorzata
Published: November 2013

The effective material constants for CNT-based polymeric composites are studied. The analysis is based on the elasticity theory involving a spatial square representative volume element and the finite element method. The transversally isotropic body having aligned and uniformly distributed long carbon nanotubes is assumed. The perfect bonding between the carbon nanotubes and the matrix are considered. For such a material the five elastic material constants is needed to completely describe the elastic behavior. Related to the calculated material constants, the results are given and compared with the other models presented in the literature. Generally, the increase of the effective material constants normalized by the matrix modulus is observed.
Load Partitioning Study in a 3D Interpenetrating AlSi12/Al2O3 Metal/Ceramic Composite
Authors: Roy Siddhartha , Gibmeier Jens , Kostov Vladimir , Weidenmann Kay André , Nagel Alwin , Wanner Alexander
Published: November 2013

Internal load transfer in an interpenetrating metal/ceramic composite has been studied in this work using energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction. One of the samples was loaded in tension and the other one in compression. In each case, the sample was first loaded into the elastic-plastic regime, unloaded to zero stress, and reloaded beyond the prior maximum stress. Results show that at stress amounts greater than 100 MPa aluminum deforms plastically and the load is transferred to alumina and silicon. Unloading and reloading typically show reverse plastic deformation, Bauschinger effect and strain hardening in aluminum.
Martensitic Transformation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Cruciform Geometry Sample by Biaxially Fatigued Cycling
Authors: Taran Yury V. , Balagurov Anatoly M. , Venter Andrew M. , Evans Alexander
Published: November 2013

A specifically designed cruciform-shaped austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 sample was subjected to ex-situ biaxial tension-compression cycling to establish ferromagnetic martensitic phase conversion under the action of plastic deformation. The time-of-flight neutron diffraction technique was employed for in-plane residual stress determination in this sample for both the austenitic and martensitic phases. The 2D data enabled determination of the macro-, micro-, hydro- and deviatoric contributions to the total phase stresses.
Laser Surface Hardening of Steel: Effect of Process Atmosphere on the Microstructure and Residual Stresses
Authors: Kostov Vladimir , Gibmeier Jens , Wanner Alexander
Published: November 2013

The effect of processing atmosphere on the microstructure and residual stresses are studied for laser surface hardening on steel samples of grade AISI 4140. Samples were hardened in air, vacuum and inert gas atmosphere (Helium) by means of a stationary laser beam. A high-power diode laser (HPDL) system was used in combination with a custom-designed process chamber. Residual stress distributions in lateral and in depth direction were analysed after laser processing by means of X-ray diffraction according to the well known sin² - method. X-ray residual stress analyses were supplemented by microscopic investigations of the local microstructure. The results indicate a widening of the compressive stressed region in lateral as well as in depth direction by surface hardening in inert gas atmosphere compared to laser surface hardening in air or vacuum atmosphere. This is due to the local heating flux distribution during the laser assisted heat treatment which is strongly affected by the processing atmosphere an leads to an extension of the hardening zone when using helium as inert gas.
Residual Stress in Coatings Produced by Cold Spray
Authors: Luzin Vladimir , Spencer Kevin , Zhang Ming Xing , Matthews Neil
Published: November 2013

Cold spray technology is used to produce metal coatings with a variety of functions, including surface corrosion protection, improvement of wear resistance, etc. Cold sprayed materials exhibit a wide range of behaviours resulting in large variation of spraying efficiency, coating properties, quality and performance in service. Residual stress, being a result and attribute of the deposition process, can be studied to test whether the coating is in tension/compression stress state and also to provide information about the thermo-mechanical history of the material during the deposition process. Residual stress distributions in a variety of coating materials have been studied by neutron diffraction. Through-thickness residual stress profiles show that the stress magnitude varies significantly and depends mainly on the mechanical properties of the coating material.
Effect of Neutron Attenuation on Strain Measurement with Large Gauge Volume
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Katsuyama Jinya , Akita Koichi
Published: November 2013

When measuring residual strain distributions of thick structural components such as thick butt-welds using neutron diffraction, it is required to make a gauge volume larger as well as to shorten neutron path length in a material to obtain sufficient diffraction intensity. In this study, neutron attenuation effect on the strain measurement with a large gauge volume was discussed on the normal strain measurement of a thick butt-weld. Influences of neutron attenuation like an apparent strain change were observed, and it was more noticeable when the gauge volume becomes larger. Therefore, the neutron attenuation effect should be considered in the strain measurement with a large gauge volume, and the neutron absorption corrections certainly play an important role for improvement of reliabilities of strain measurement using neutron diffraction with a large gauge volume.
Effect of Intergranular Interaction and Lattice Rotation on Predicted Residual Stress and Textures. Case of Austenite and Ferrite
Authors: Wierzbanowski Krzysztof , Wronski Marcin , Baczmanski Andrzej , Lipiński Paul , Bacroix Brigitte , Lodini Alain
Published: November 2013

Rotation of grain crystal lattice is the basic mechanism of texture formation and of anisotropic behavior of metals during plastic deformation. The classical definition of crystal lattice rotation leads in some cases to different texture and residual stress predictions than the definition based on the orientation preservation of selected sample planes and/or directions. Also the intensity of grain-matrix interaction plays an important role in the prediction of the above quantities. These problems were studied using elasto-plastic deformation model of polycrystalline materials. Examples of austenite and ferrite steels were considered.
Genetic Variation and Phytotoxin Production among Cylindrocladium. Quinqueseptatum Isolates of Hevea Brasiliensis and Eugenia Carryophyllata
Authors: Jayaratne D.L. , De Silva B.A.C. , Silva W.P.K.
Published: November 2013

Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum (Boedijn & Reitsma 1950) is one of the major plant pathogenic fungi that infects a wide range of plants in humid tropics.  The prevailing strains in Sri Lanka cause the foliage and shoot blight diseases and severe defoliation of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) and Eugenia carryophyllata (clove).  The isolates obtained from rubber and clove plants growing in Rathnapura district, in Sabaragamuwa province and Kalutara district, in Western province were evaluated for their toxin activity on hosts and genetic characterization was done using random amplified polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR grouping).  The analysis of the results using ‘Wilcoxon signed-rank test’ revealed no correlation among the isolates based on their host or geographical origins.  But a relationship was observed between the toxin activity and the RAPD grouping of the isolates.  The time course experiment reveled that the minimum toxin activity recorded after three days of inoculation and maximum toxin activity was recorded after nine days of inoculation in Modified Fries Medium (MFM) for all the isolates.  Based on the toxin activity and genetic characterization data, the isolates were categorized into two groups.  The close genetic relationship (similarity index = 0.731) and high toxin activity were shown by one group of isolates obtained from cloves grown in Rathnapura with other two groups of isolates obtained from rubber grown in Kalutara.  This observation suggests that C. quinqueseptatum isolated from clove grown in Rathnapura can be a potential pathogen on rubber.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v7i0.4237J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 7 (2012) : 43-54
Pretreatments and Cold Storage on the Quality of Minimally Processed Ambarella (Spondias Dulcis L.) and the Mixed Load of Ambarella and Pineapple (Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr)
Authors: Daranagama A. , Ediriweera S. , Abeywickrama K.
Published: November 2013

Minimally processed ambarella (Spondias dulcis L.) and the mixed load of ambarella and pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) stored at 5-7°C for seven days were evaluated for variation in physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological quality. Samples were treated with sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride + calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, citric acid, chitosan or distilled water (control) and packed in polystyrene packages before storage. Pretreatments did not have a significant effect on the physico-chemical properties [titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS) and pH] when compared to the control. Sensory attributes such as appearance, colour, odour, flavour, taste and overall acceptability generally declined with time but were within acceptable limits by the end of seven-day storage period. The microbial counts (total plate count and yeast and mould count) for all treatments except for the control were within safe-to-consume limits and Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples by the end of storage period. As pretreatments tested had no significant effect on physico-chemical or  sensory properties and maintained low microbial counts, minimally processed ambarella and mixed load of ambarella and pineapple processed this way could be recommended for sale at supermarket chains with cold storage facility as a value added product.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v7i0.4433J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 7 (2012) : 21-41
A Preliminary Inventory of Subterranean Termites in the Premises of Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya and the Potential of a Ponerine Ant Species, Neemazal-F and Citronella Oil in the Control of Two Termite Species
Authors: Wijerathna K.H.C.A. , Dias R.K.S.
Published: November 2013

Termites are an important biotic component in terrestrial ecosystems and the termites in seven localities of the Faculty of Science of University of Kelaniya were investigated by employing soil sifting, litter sifting, hand collection, baited pitfall trapping and long term baits from September, 2008 to April, 2009. The collected termites were preserved in 80% ethanol. Soil temperature and pH, and percentage soil moisture at each location were also recorded. Members of Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae, Dicuspeditermes incola Wasmann, Heterotermes ceylonicus Holmgren, Nasutitermes ceylonicus Holmgren, Nasutitermes horni Wasmann, Odontotermes ceylonicus Wasmann, Odontotermes horni Wasmann and Trinervitermes rubidus Hagen, were recorded. Odontotermes horni had a wide distribution in the seven localities. The interactions between a common ponerine ant, Odontomachus simillimus F. Smith and O. ceylonicus Wasmann revealed that O. simillimus acts as a natural enemy of this termite species. Termiticidal potential of Neemazal-F and citronella oil on the soldiers and workers of O. horni was evident while LD50 values were 11.15 mg and 8.21 mg per body weight g-1 of each product, respectively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v7i0.6230J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 7 (2012): 01-20
Occurrence and Species Diversity of Ground-Dwelling Worker Ants (Family: Formicidae) in Selected Lands in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Authors: Dias R.K. Sriyani , Kosgamage K.R.K. Anuradha
Published: November 2013

Ants are an essential biotic component in terrestrial ecosystems in Sri Lanka. Worker ants were surveyed in six forests, uncultivated lands and, vegetable and fruit fields in two Districts of the dry zone, Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, from November, 2007 to October, 2008 by employing several sampling methods simultaneously along five, 100 m transects. Soil sifting, litter sifting, honey-baiting and hand collection were carried out at 5 m intervals along each transect. Twenty pitfall traps were set up throughout each site and collected after five hours. Air and soil temperatures, soil pH and soil moisture at each transect were also recorded. Use of several sampling methods yielded a higher value for species richness than just one or two methods; values for each land ranged from   19 – 43 species. Each land had its own ant community and members of Amblyoponinae, Cerapachyinae, Dorylinae, Leptanillinae and Pseudomyrmecinae were recorded for the first time from the dry zone. Previous records of 40 species belonging to 23 genera in 5 subfamilies for the Anuradhapura District are updated to 78 species belonging to 36 genera in 6 subfamilies. Seventy species belonging to thirty one genera in 9 subfamilies recorded from the first survey of ants in Polonnaruwa lands can be considered a preliminary inventory of the District; current findings updated the ant species recorded from the dry zone to 92 of 42 genera in 10 subfamilies. Consequent to this sum, the estimate of ant diversity of Sri Lanka rises to 202 species in 64 genera while 12 subfamilies remain unchanged.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v7i0.6233J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 7 (2012): 55-72
Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts
Authors: Hassan Haider M. , Jiang Zi-Hua , Asmussen Christina , McDonald Emma , Qin Wensheng
Published: November 2013

Hassan, H. M., Jiang, Z.-H., Asmussen, C., McDonald, E. and Qin, W. 2014. Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 417–424. In the present study, the antibacterial activity (in vitro) of the leaf and/or flower crude extracts of Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth & Hook.f., Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, Apocynum androsaemifolium L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng, Cornus canadensis L. and Xanthium strumarium L. medicinal plants was analyzed through the hole-plate diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas caviae, Paenibacillus alvei, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, the time-kill dynamic processes of these extracts against A. caviae, B. cereus, P. alvei, and M. luteus bacteria were also tested. The leaf and flower extracts of Anap. margaritacea and G. squarrosa possess significant antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested, with inhibition of A. caviae, P. alvei and M. luteus within 1–12 h of incubation at MBC. Particularly, at higher concentrations of the Anap. margaritacea flower crude extract (2–3×MBC), inhibition of A. caviae, B. cereus, P. alvei, and M. luteus bacteria is achieved between 0.5 and 4 h of incubation. In addition, these extracts exhibit high inhibition diameters (majority > 18 mm) and low MIC and/or MBCs (majority=1.25 mg mL−1). In contrast, the leaf extracts of Arct. uva-ursi, X. strumarium, Apoc. androsaemifolium and C. canadensis plants demonstrate moderate to low activity. These results indicate that extracts from Anap. margaritacea and G. squarrosa could be a source of novel antimicrobial scaffolds, compounds or pharmacophores with implications in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine.
On the product decomposition conjecture for finite simple groups
Authors: Gill Nick , Pyber László , Short Ian , Szabó Endre
Published: November 2013

We prove that if

G

is a finite simple group of Lie type and

S

is a subset of

G

of size at least two, then

G

is a product of at most

c\log|G|/\log|S|

conjugates of

S

, where

c

depends only on the Lie rank of

G

. This confirms a conjecture of Liebeck, Nikolov and Shalev in the case of families of simple groups of bounded rank. We also obtain various related results about products of conjugates of a set within a group.
Free groups of interval exchange transformations are rare
Authors: Dahmani François , Fujiwara Koji , Guirardel Vincent
Published: November 2013

We study the group IET of all interval exchange transformations. Our first main result is that the group generated by a generic pairs of elements of IET is not free (assuming a suitable irreducibility condition on the underlying permutation). Then we prove that any connected Lie group isomorphic to a subgroup of IET is abelian.

Additionally, we show that IET contains no infinite Kazhdan group. We also prove residual finiteness of finitely presented subgroups of IET and give an example of a two-generated subgroup of IET of exponential growth that contains an isomorphic copy of every finite group and which is therefore not linear.
Bredon cohomological finiteness conditions for generalisations of Thompson groups
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Conchita , Nucinkis Brita E. A.
Published: November 2013

We define a family of groups that generalises Thompson’s groups

T

and

G

, and also those of Higman, Stein and Brin. For groups in this family we describe centralisers of finite subgroups and show that for a given finite subgroup

Q

there are finitely many conjugacy classes of finite subgroups isomorphic to

Q

. We consider groups of type quasi-

\underline{\rm F}_\infty

. This is a property slightly weaker than possessing a finite type model for the classifying space for proper actions

\underline{E}G

. We give criteria for the

T

versions of our groups to be of type quasi-

\underline{\rm F}_\infty

. We also generalise some well-known properties of ordinary cohomology to Bredon cohomology.
Análisis de las hospitalizaciones por bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter de hemodiálisis
Authors: Carrasco Salinas Cristina , Ruiz García Margarita , Gómez López Victoria Eugenia , Méndez Ordoñez Rafael , López Andreu María , Crespo Montero Rodolfo
Published: November 2013

El uso de catéteres venosos centrales para hemodiálisis se ha incrementado de tal forma, que actualmente en nuestro país, el 30%, de los pacientes son portadores de este acceso vascular. No obstante su duración es limitada y presentan con frecuencia complicaciones, como por ejemplo bacteriemias relacionadas con el catéter de hemodiálisis. Esta, es una complicación con elevada morbimortalidad en los pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo crónico.El objetivo de este análisis fue conocer la incidencia de hospitalizaciones, identifi car los gérmenes más frecuentemente relacionados en nuestra población y analizar los factores demográficos y clínicos asociados. Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en el que se analizaron todos los ingresos por bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter de hemodiálisis durante el año 2011. Se recogieron los datos clínicos de los pacientes, demográficos y comorbilidad. El número total de ingresos por bacteriemias relacionadas con el catéter fue de 45 en 35 pacientes, con una edad media de 69.9 años. Los gérmenes más frecuentemente aislados fueron cocos gram positivos (Staphilococcus aureus mecitilin resistente y Staphilococcus aureus meticilin sensible). La mortalidad fue de 14% (5 pacientes).A la vista de nuestros resultados, podemos concluir que la bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter es una complicación grave en los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Representa casi el 50% de los ingresos du-rante 2011 de los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Está asociada con una elevada morbilidad y consumo de recursos.
Factores de riesgo asociados a la disfunción de una fístula arteriovenosa en pacientescon enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Sánchez González Juan Carlos
Published: November 2013

La enfermedad renal se ha convertido en una patología crónica de gran prevalencia en los países industrializados. Una modalidad de tratamiento sustitutivo renal es la hemodiálisis, para la cual es imprescindible tener un acceso vascular. Como acceso vascular de elección preferible al catéter venoso central, está la fístula arteriovenosa por haber demostrado menos complicaciones. Sin embargo, no está exenta de riesgos y dado que los problemas relacionados con el acceso vascular constituyen la primera causa de morbilidad y hospitalización, se pretendió estudiar aquellos factores de riesgo que infl uyen en la disfunción de las fístulas arteriovenosas. Material y métodos: Se trata de un diseño de casocontrol en el que se comparó el grupo que presentó alguna disfun-ción de su fístula, ya fuera autóloga o protésica, con el que no presentó ninguna disfunción para analizar las diferencias entre ambos. Las variables se agruparon en tres apartados definidos para organizar los resultados y se estratificó por sexo, edad y por haber padecido o no disfunción de la fístula. Resultados: La edad y el sexo no influyen en padecer disfunción de la fístula sino que tiene más influencia la dislipemia, el haber comenzado tratamiento con hemodiálisis, el tipo de fístula y el haber portado catéter venoso central. Discusión: A diferencia de estudios publicados, en nuestra población no se han encontrado diferencias de disfunción de fístula en cuanto a edad y sexo. Sin embargo, se ha visto que hay menos riesgo de disfunción en aquellos pacientes con dislipemia, en los que su fístula es autóloga y en los que no han iniciado hemodiálisis o lo han hecho de manera programada y, por tanto, no han portado catéteres venosos cen-trales
An in vitro Comparison of Marginal Accuracy in Temporary Crowns
Authors: Umer Fahad , Adnan Samira , Raza Khan Farhan
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To compare the marginal accuracy of temporary crownsin vitro, using two autopolymerizing temporary crown materials.

Materials and Methods

Polyethyl methacrylate and bis-acryl composite were used to make 15 temporary crowns each, on an ivorine mandibular first molar, prepared as to receive a porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown. Matrices were made of polyvinyl siloxane impressions of a lower typodont arch. After crowns were fabricated, margins of the crowns were trimmed under magnification. Afterwards, margins of prepared tooth and crowns were marked. Each tooth-crown assembly was then observed under microscope (4×). With digital images of each surface, gap between margins of crown and preparation margin was measured in millimeters using computer software, after calibration. Two examiners made the measurements. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis were applied to determine the mean marginal gap.

Results

Bis-acryl composite crowns exhibited 0.2 mm (SD ± 0.11) mean gap with greatest discrepancy at buccal margins. Mean gap with polyethyl methacrylate crowns was 0.3 mm (SD ± 0.17) with buccal and mesial margins exhibiting the greatest marginal discrepancy, at α <0.001.

Conclusion

Both materials did not exhibit ideal marginal accuracy, but temporary luting cement film thickness would compensate for the gap observed in the margins of bis-acryl composite crowns.

How to cite this article

Adnan S, Khan FR, Umer F. Anin vitroComparison of Marginal Accuracy in Temporary Crowns. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):121-126.
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning using Rapid Prototyping Technology in Surgical Endodontics
Authors: Ramachandran Anupama , Khan Sulthan Ibrahim Raja
Published: November 2013

Medical imaging technologies involve from X-rays to more advanced imaging modalities like computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These new technologies are able to provide detailed three-dimensional (3D) pictures of areas of interest and therefore valuable data for diagnosis and therapeutic management. The construction of a physical model using this data provides numerous advantages like better visualization of complex anatomic areas, pretreatment surgical practice and enhanced communication and patient education. The following paper describes a case report of a large periapical lesion involving upper anterior teeth requiring periapical surgery. The use of rapid prototyping technology aided in the accurate diagnosis and the precise measurements of the size and location of the lesion and its subsequent management.

How to cite this article

Ramachandran A, Khan SIR. Diagnosis and Treatment Planning using Rapid Prototyping Technology in Surgical Endodontics. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):147-150.
New foliage growth is a significant, unaccounted source for volatiles in boreal evergreen forests
Authors: Aalto J. , Kolari P. , Hari P. , Kerminen V.-M. , Schiestl-Aalto P. , Aaltonen H. , Levula J. , Siivola E. , Kulmala M. , Bäck J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Estimates of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from forests are based on the assumption that foliage has a steady emission potential over its lifetime, and that emissions are mainly modified by short term variations in light and temperature. However, in many field studies this has been challenged, and high emissions and atmospheric concentrations have been measured during periods of low biological activity such as in springtime. We conducted measurements during three years, using an online gas-exchange monitoring system to observe volatile organic emissions from a mature (1 yr old) and a growing Scots pine shoot. The emission rates of organic vapours (monoterpenes, methyl butenol (MBO), acetone and methanol) from vegetative buds of Scots pine during the dehardening and rapid shoot growth stages were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those from mature foliage. The normally assumed temperature dependency was not sufficient to explain the variations in emission rates during spring. The diurnal emission pattern of growing shoots differed from the diurnal cycle in temperature as well as from the diurnal emission pattern of mature shoots, which may be related to processes involved in shoot or needle elongation. Our findings imply that global estimations of monoterpene emission rates from forests are in need of revision, and that the physiological state of the plants should be taken into account when emissions of the reactive gases such as monoterpenes are estimated. The significant interannual variation in emission rates, related to changes in plant metabolic activity, has important implications to the aerosol precursor concentrations and chemical reactions in atmosphere, and potentially offers an explanation for the frequent aerosol formation events in spring.
Microstructure measurements and estimates of entrainment in the Denmark Strait overflow plume
Authors: Paka V. , Zhurbas V. , Rudels B. , Quadfasel D. , Korzh A. , Delisi D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. To examine processes controlling the entrainment of ambient water into the Denmark Strait overflow (DSO) plume/gravity current, measurements of turbulent dissipation rate were carried out by a quasi-free-falling (tethered) microstructure profiler (MSP). The MSP was specifically designed to collect data on dissipation-scale turbulence and fine thermohaline stratification in an ocean layer located as deep as 3500 m. The task was to perform microstructure measurements in the DSO plume in the lower 300 m depth interval including the bottom mixed layer and the interfacial layer below the non-turbulent ambient water. The MSP was attached to a Rosette water sampler rack equipped with a SeaBird CTDO and an RD Instruments lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP). At a chosen depth, the MSP was remotely released from the rack to perform measurements in a quasi-free-falling mode. Using the measured vertical profiles of dissipation, the entrainment rate as well as the bottom and interfacial stresses in the DSO plume were estimated at a location 200 km downstream of the sill at depths up to 1771 m. Dissipation-derived estimates of entrainment were found to be much smaller than bulk estimates of entrainment calculated from the downstream change of the mean properties in the plume, suggesting the lateral stirring due to mesoscale eddies rather than diapycnal mixing as the main contributor to entrainment. Dissipation-derived bottom stress estimates are argued to be roughly one third the magnitude of those derived from log velocity profiles. In the interfacial layer, the Ozmidov scale calculated from turbulence dissipation rate and buoyancy frequency was found to be linearly proportional to the overturning scale extracted from conventional CTD data (the Thorpe scale), with a proportionality constant of 0.76, and a correlation coefficient of 0.77.
Review article: the false–bottom ice
Authors: Alexandrov D. V. , Jouzel J. , Nizovtseva I. , Ryashko L. B.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Nansen from his observations in the Beaufort Sea published in 1897 noted that heat transfer from the fresh water (with a~temperature of 0 °C) to the arctic salt water (with a temperature of −1.6 °C) is the only source of ice accretion during the polar summer. This transfer mechanism, unusual at first sight, is responsible for the initiation and evolution of a false bottom ice, changing ice properties to a great extent and affecting various processes while interacting with the ocean and the atmosphere. The processes of false bottom ice growth from below (i.e. from the ocean to the atmosphere) become of prime importance in the era of global warming and climate change. In this review, we summarize the theoretical approaches, field and laboratory observations, conducted during more than 100 yr, in order to address the problem of false bottoms to a broad community of readers. We also discuss the recent modeling advances to which we have contributed. A "false bottom" is a thin layer of ice which forms in summer underneath the floe, where fresh water lies between the salt water and the ice. Such false bottoms represent the only significant source of ice growth in the Arctic during the spring-summer period. Their evolution influences the mass balance of the Arctic sea-ice cover, which is recognized as an indicator of climate change. However, the quantity, aerial extent and other properties of false bottoms are difficult to measure because coring under the surface melt ponds leads to direct mixing of surface and under-ice water. This explains why their aerial extent and overall volume is still not known despite the fact that the upper limit of the present-day estimate of the false bottom ice coverage is approximately half of the sea ice surface. The growth of false bottoms also leads to other important consequences for various physical, chemical and biological processes associated with their dynamics.
MAD About “The Raven”
Authors: Eddings Dennis W.
Published: November 2013

“MAD About ‘The Raven’” examines the eleven times MAD magazine uses “The Raven” as a vehicle of parody either against something external to the poem or to parody Poe and/or his most famous work. The first part of the article looks at how MAD uses “The Raven” to attack such things as advertising, shady business dealings, and Ronald Reagan. The second half focuses on MAD's parody of “The Raven” itself, revealing that poem's underside of absurdity through an analysis of Bill Elder's illustrations. Copies of some of those illustrations help illuminate the point.
Effect of protein source and enzyme supplementation on ileal protein digestibility and fattening performance in rabbits
Authors: García-Ruiz A.I. , García-Palomares J. , García-Rebollar P. , Chamorro S. , Carabaño R. , De Blas C.
Published: November 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of source of protein (soybean vs sunflower meal) and enzyme supplementation (no enzyme vs protease addition vs protease + xylanase addition) on digestion and growth traits of rabbits. Treatments were arranged factorially in six isonutritive diets. Two hundred and forty rabbits weaned at 25 or 35 days were used to measure dry matter and crude protein apparent ileal digestibility of diets at 35 or 45 days of age, respectively. Another one hundred and eighty animals weaned at 35 days were fed ad libitum in individual cages during four weeks to determine fattening performance. Source of protein did not affect digestion efficiency or feed conversion rate in the whole fattening period, but animals fed soybean meal-based diets showed higher feed intake, grew faster and had higher mortality than those fed sunflower meal-based diets. Addition of enzymes increased ileal apparent digestibility, especially in youngest animals when supplements contained xylanase besides protease activity. Enzyme supplementation did not affect any of the growth traits studied, but decreased fattening mortality in sunflower meal-based diets.
Individuals' opinion on agricultural multifunctionality
Authors: Vera-Toscano E. , Gómez-Limón J.A. , Moyano Estrada E. , Garrido Fernández F.
Published: November 2013

This paper aims to contribute further research on the conceptualization of agricultural multifunctionality through quantitative methods. The empirical analysis is based on a large dataset (Agrobarometre of Andalusia) consisting of self-reported measures of individual opinions on multifunctionality. Ordered probit models are proposed to analyze the extent to which individuals' perceptions of multifunctionality can be explained not only by individual and regional characteristics, but more importantly, by the preferences individuals have for a given type of agriculture. Results indicate that individuals are aware of the multi-dimensional nature of agriculture as a provider of private and public goods and services, although a big fraction of the population still focuses its demand on private goods production. It is not surprising that individuals' perceptions about the multifunctionality concept are site-specific, depending on the surrounding farming systems. Given their stated preference for a type of agricultural multifunctionality, the proposed quantitative method highlights those attributes of the concept which do not fully satisfy individual' expectations. Overall, this manuscript provides a useful empirical tool for policy-makers concerned with improving satisfaction on the perception of multifunctionality in the agricultural sector.
Instrumental measurement of the texture of hard-boiled egg yolks enriched with different levels of conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Diezma Iglesias B. , García Rebollar P. , Ruiz-Altisent M. , Álvarez Carro C.
Published: November 2013

There is increased interest in enhancing the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of food products because of its potential health benefits. Inclusion of CLA in the diets of laying hens has led to the incorporation of CLA into eggs, changes in yolk fatty acid (FA) composition and non-acceptable greater firmness of hard-boiled egg yolks. This study was designed to develop instrumental tests to determine the texture characteristics of hard-boiled egg yolks obtained from hens fed diets supplemented with different levels of CLA and other fat sources. Two compression tests have established relationship between some FA levels added to diets and the firmness of boiled egg yolks. There were significant differences in the compression parameters among egg yolks from laying hens fed diets supplemented with 3 and 5 g/kg of CLA (without other fats in diet) and commercial egg yolks. Supplementations with 30 and 35 g/kg of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) in diets which included 3 g/kg of CLA, decreased compression parameters to levels similar to commercial eggs.
Vegetative and reproductive plasticity of broccoli at three levels of incident photosynthetically active radiation
Authors: Francescangeli N. , Sangiacomo M.A. , Martí H.R.
Published: November 2013

To study the effects of shading on the growth, development, dry matter partitioning, and plant architecture of broccoli, "Legacy" hybrid plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse under black shading meshes to generate different levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The average incident PAR was 23 mol PPF square m/d under control conditions, 15.2 under a 35% mesh, and 6.7 under a 70% mesh. The air temperature was within the range 15-22 deg C. As shading increased so did the duration of the growth cycle and the leaf area (LA). Shading did not affect the number of leaves, although the upper ones were more erect. The stem length and the accumulated intercepted PAR (IPAR) were negatively related. Inflorescence diameter and commercial fresh weight decreased only with the 70% mesh. Shading did not affect stem dry weight (DW) but altered dry matter allocation in the root and spear. The DW of the leaves maintained an average 45.7% of the total DW despite the greater LA developed under shade. The net assimilation rate diminished with the reduction of IPAR, and the LA increased; the plant relative growth rate was therefore practically constant. With increased shading, the leaves and the stem became the dominant photosynthate sinks. The commercial fresh weight achieved with 15.2 mol photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) square m/d was equivalent to that obtained with 23 mol PPF square m/d, but the cycle was extended for 4.5 days. With 6.7 mol PPF square m/d, yield diminished because of the lower DW produced in a cycle extended by 15 days, and because more dry matter was allocated to the stem than to the spear. Based on these results, broccoli could be considered a shade-tolerant plant.
Building a fuzzy logic information network and a decision-support system for olive cultivation in Andalusia [Spain]
Authors: Delgado G. , Aranda V. , Calero J. , Sánchez-Marañón M. , Serrano J.M. , Sánchez D. , Vila M.A.
Published: November 2013

In Southern Spain, olive (Olea europaea L.) growing is an important part of the economy, especially in the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Granada. This work proposes the first stages of an Information and Decision-Support System (IDSS) for providing different types of users (farmers, agricultural engineers, public services, etc.) with information on olive growing and the environment, and also assisting in decision-making. The main purposes of the project reported in this paper are to process uncertain or imprecise data, such as those concerning the environment or crops, and combine user data with other scientific-experimental data. The possibility of storing agricultural and ecological information in fuzzy relational databases, vital to the development of an IDSS is described. The information will be processed using knowledge extraction tools (fuzzy data-mining) that will allow rules on expert knowledge for assessing suitability of land to be developed and making thematic maps with the aid of Geographic Information Systems. Flexible querying will allow the users to collect information interactively from databases, while user information is constantly added. Flexible querying of databases, land suitability and thematic maps may be used to help in decisionmaking.