bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wall pressure analysis and Background Oriented Schlieren visualization on jet-flat plate interaction
Authors: Meloni Stefano , de Paola Elisa , Di Marco Alessandro , Fagotto Andrea , Camussi Roberto
Published: June 2019

The interaction between a jet close to the sonic condition and a tangential flat plate was investigated. Measurements have been carried out in the semi-anechoic chamber of the Fluid Dynamic laboratory at the University Roma Tre. The converging nozzle has a conical shape and an outlet diameter of about D=12 mm. Wall pressure fluctuations are acquired at axial distances ranging between 1 < x/D < 6. Measurements are repeated for two different radial positions of the flat plate(H/D = 2 and H/D = 0.75) and they are performed at Mj
= 0.9 and Mj
= 1 in slightly under-expanded conditions until NPR = 1.94. Fluctuating pressure data are analyzed in time and frequency domain and compared with the flow visualization images obtained through a Background Oriented Schlieren technique. The investigation leaded to deepen the phenomena underlying the interaction between the planar surface and the high-speed jet, clarifying the influence on the shock cell structure.
Accelerated life method and assessment for storage vacuum electronic device
Authors: Yuan H. , Feng J. , Sun X.
Published: June 2019

We proposed an accelerated life testing method for the storage vacuum electronic devices (SVED) based on pressurization according to the relationship between gas inflow rate and pressure. And then a storage life assessment model was presented, using the cathode current to evaluate the SVED performance. Consequently, a test platform was established to verify the ALT method by storing three SVEDs in air for 10y and at 4.5 atm within its pressure limit for 5m. The results showed that, when pressurization, the cathode current dropped faster than when stored in air. And the expected storage life of the three SVEDs decreased from 10.4y, 15.5y and 31.4y respectively when stored in air to 2.6y, 3.9y and 10.0y respectively when stored at 4.5 atm. Also, leak plays a more important role than permeation in determining the storage life of the SVED.
Assessment of potable water quality in Balad city, Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Wesam , Ismail Alhassan H. , Shareef Muntasir A.
Published: June 2019

The assessment of the quality of tap water is very important to explore its fit for drinking, especially for developing countries. In the present paper, tap water quality evaluation has been carried out in the Balad city, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. A total of 17 tap water samples were collected from the city and analysed for various physicochemical and biological parameters, namely, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total hardness (TH), calcium magnesium, chloride and total coliform (TC). Suitability of water for drinking was evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards. Spot maps were also generated using GIS to identify the spatial distribution of tap water quality parameters. The results revealed that the tap water is fit for drinking purpose regarding bacteriological pollution. Physicochemical parameters concentration of water samples were within standards except for turbidity. This parameter was highly exceeding the limits (5 NTU) in all tap water samples. Generally, tap water in the Balad city may pose risks to the health of people using it for drinking purposes. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that the distribution system might affect the quality of tap water in the study area.
Effect of Steel Fiber on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Mechanical Properties of Self-Compact Light Weight Concrete
Authors: AL-Ridha Ahmed S D , Ibrahim Ali Kadhim , AL-Taweel Hayder Mohammed , Dheyab Layth Sahib
Published: June 2019

In this research, an attempt has been made to study the velocity of ultra-sonic pulse Velocity (UPV) transmitted through self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) with and without steel fiber (SF) for different specimen lengths (i.e. 100 mm cubes and 200 mm cylinders). Two volume fractions of SF “0.4%” and “0.8%”(as an indication to steel fiber content (SFC) were also studied to explore their contributor role. It was found that, for the (100 mm) cubic specimens and the (200 mm) cylindrical specimens, the UPV increment with increasing SFC, but the percentage of increase is higher in cylinders than in cubes. It was also found that, for the same SF volume fraction, the UPV in the SCLC, increases with the decreasing of specimen length, from (200 mm) cylinders to (100 mm) cubes. The percentage of this increase decreases with the increment of SFC. The influence of SF on three mechanical properties of the SCLC (namely: the compressive strength, the splitting tensile strength, and the bulk density) was also studied. It was found that the three mentioned properties are enhanced with the increment of SFC, but this increase is moderately in compressive strength, extremely in tensile strength, and slightly in bulk density.
Towards a more relevance university campus with its biosphere based on LEED - Case study: Technology Institute campus / Baghdad
Authors: Jaber Al-Bakry Hiyam Majeed , Abbas Suha Mnati
Published: June 2019

“US LEED” is the most important for transformation towards sustainable building design and existing building. “LEED” is a voluntary, consensus-based green building standard, also is a rating system. After the United States, many countries adopted “LEED” standards, because of its popularity, where it has been developed and commensurate with its environment and capabilities. Here the problem of the research is represented, and can be formulated with the following question: Where is Iraq from the experience of the “LEED” rating system? And is it possible to approach the “LEED” system and our architectural reality with all its components compatible with its biosphere? The aim of the research is to introduce the “LEED” standard and to formulate a theoretical approach that can be applied using “LEED” standards to improve the efficiency of educational buildings in Iraq so that they become more sustainable and in harmony with their biosphere. The practical part of the research applied on one of the educational complexes in Baghdad, Baghdad Institute of Technology - and evaluated according to “LEED” system. The research follows the descriptive analytical method in its interlocutor. The research concludes with the conclusions and recommendations needed to raise the level of educational buildings.
Study the Importance of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Solving Congestion Problems within The City and Conservation of The Environment
Authors: Jumaah Intissar Kadori , Mohammed Thaer Jasim , Mesrop Seda Sarkis
Published: June 2019

Baghdad city suffer from the traffic jams problem. The lack of roads is accommodating the increase in transportation as well as the lack of the organization and healthy management. Meanwhile, traffic lights defect due to it may location near to the checkpoint which causes traffic jam and unusual delay. The transportation services depend on (private, taxi) cars which cause increase in traffic movement, energy consumption, emission of polluting gases for environment and the most important (first carbon oxide, nitrogen oxides, lead, carbon dioxide, suspended particles, oxides of sulfur. Thereby, this research will done determination the pollution rates induced from congestion in streets associated in the yard located near institute of technology / Baghdad. An account rate gases emitted from vehicles using regression equations de-pending on traffic size in streets, flow speed traffic movement, neighbouring building height, and afforestation density. The search reached to finding species and gasses rate which pollution the environment in comparison with international Health standards and benefit of the application Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to reduce of the pollution ratio the resulting of traffic jams.
Utilization of reconnaissance drought index (RDI) for monitoring of meteorological drought over middle Euphrates region during the period from 1988 to 2017
Authors: Alwan Imzahim A. , Ziboon Abdul Razzak T. , Khalaf Alaa G.
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted to monitor of meteorological drought over middle Euphrates region based on Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) during the period from 1988 to 2017.Average monthly of rainfall, temperature and sunshine hours data were used to calculate this Index. These data were acquired from Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology at known five stations called Hilla, Diwaniya, Karbala, Semawa, and Najaf. The final results illustrated that the highest frequencies of drought, higher values of drought magnitude and intensity are recorded in the Hilla and Karbala stations followed by Najaf, Diwaniyah and Semawa stations respectively. Drought values ranged from moderate to severe in all stations of the study area. There is a high correlation between magnitude and intensity of drought in the study area. There are variations of drought over years between stations because of the difference of climate conditions for each station in the study area.
The city’s ecological applications and standards in ALAMARA city
Authors: Mirhussein Halah Ali , Ali Al-Rikabi Nada Khalifa Mohammed
Published: June 2019

In the last period there have been rapid developments and increased interest in the integration of the environment into urban planning. It has occupied a large part of the world’s most economically and economically important concerns, emphasizing the need to adopt the concepts of green urban construction as a basis for future cities. Both human and nature to continue and stay. Hence, the importance of research in building a base on the planning and design principles of the eco-friendly city for the purpose of local adoption”, thus facing the problem of” lack of application of knowledge on the basis of planning and design eco-friendly city. The hypothesis that “the development of urban societies towards eco-friendly societies depends on the creation of an integrated urban city is based on a number of foundations and criteria that are primarily inspired by the characteristics of ecosystems in that natural environment”. Based on these indicators, these principles and criteria were applied through indicators to assess the city’s urban and natural performance in part of the city of Amara to assess the proximity of the study area to these criteria in order to achieve its urban ecological sustainability. The research concludes with the most important conclusion that the ecological approach is the closest approach to the environment, which depends on the idea of comprehensiveness and real values of systems and natural varieties, and the most important research findings the need for a planning entity, Especially those with certain ecological components (such as Iraq), to follow up on the world’s ecological developments, and to anticipate events in which they attempt to trace their effects in line with their general development policy on the one hand and in accordance with cultural heritage on the other.
Smart city planning and sustainable development
Authors: Hameed Ali Abdulsamea
Published: June 2019

The development of the concept of the city as a result of technological developments and changes is taking place in the modern era, the concept of smart cities has emerged and cities are linking their technological policies and development plans to achieve development while linking the objectives and dimensions of sustainable development to provide the best possible benefit from the available technological possibilities.The research aimed at shedding light on the practical potential of smart cities in the process of sustainable development of cities with the application to the Iraqi city of Basra. The study examined the concept of smart cities and their characteristics and components, as well as the concept of sustainable development and its dimensions while studying some of the international experiences for the establishment and transformation of smart cities (Dakota, Dubai / Mecca). The study also conducted a case study for the city of Basra and how to transform it into a smart city through a set of mechanisms, namely, the existence of intelligent objectives and strategies through which to develop a vision for the city of Basra. And building applications that help transform government services and life into an e-government system by developing the city’s ICT infrastructure, building citizens’ capacities and deploying smart applications, helping to implement the city’s e-heritage proposition. The research has reached a set of conclusions and recommendations. The communication infrastructure is the mainstay of smart cities, but it is not enough to create a smart city without the other elements (citizen, management, economy, environment, and living). The smart city is not only urban, The smart city consists of four basic components (networks - databases - applications - citizen), the smart city meets all the concepts of sustainability, and therefore the transformation of smart cities is an implicit transformation of green cities sustainable and environmentally friendly, The development of existing cities to intelligent cities depends on their available infrastructure and then develop mechanisms to develop them in order to reach a communications infrastructure capable of implementing the characteristics of smart cities. The cities studied in the experiments identified basic goals for the transformation of intelligence such as Makah, the basic principle is to develop the city’s Hajj system. Thus, each city can set the main objective in which to formulate a vision to identify priority projects. In the process of development, the transformation of cities into smart cities requires the development of vision, goals, and strategies translated into projects. Structure (Intelligent - intelligent infrastructure - intelligent environment - smart living), the strategic plan of the Ministry of Communications in Iraq can be used to develop the urban communications infrastructure and integrate applications Targeted within the smart applications of these cities as a major support in turning cities into smart cities.
The Improving of the solid block concrete thermal behavior by using the powder particles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis bark
Authors: Hassan A A , Kadhim M J
Published: June 2019

Eucalyptus has been widely planted in the world. In the last century, the genus eucalypts became an important multipurpose source in many industrial applications after removal the bark as a wood working waste. Concrete block are much known used in building. The objective of this paper to improve the constructional thermal behavior of solid block concrete which used instead of bricks in building construction by adding the powder particles (average diameter is 1-5 µm) of eucalyptus Camaldulensis bark (Plates type) during concrete formation, to obtain a block concrete with low weight, enhanced thermal and mechanical properties reached to decrease electric energy need to operate air-conditioner systems. Researchers found that the perfect added is (7.5 g) for construction testing while the perfect quantity is (5 g) for thermal testing with decrease the mass density.
Investigating the Ability of Using Eggshell Powder as a Filler in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Masued Ghadah Ghassan
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, many studies have been conducted to find low cost waste materials that can be used in asphalt mixtures. Therefore, the idea of this study involves using one of these waste materials, which is Eggshell. Moreover, evaluate the ability to use eggshell powder, in hot mix asphalt mixtures as filler is the main objective of this study. This research was conducted by comparing the performance of mixtures of different eggshell powder percentages, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 25 and 100% and finding optimal eggshell content (OESC). To achieve this objective, Asphalt concrete mixtures, were prepared, and subjected to a series of laboratory experiments. Stability, flow, bulk density and indirect tensile strength are the experiments that have been implemented. In addition, the materials used are: - asphalt cement, Portland cement, chicken eggshell, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate. Where, eggshell powder used as an alternative to Portland cement in a part or as a replacement to cement. For all tests made in this study, the comparison is made against the conventional specimen with optimum asphalt content (found to be 4.85% for wearing layer) to find an optimum blend mixture of eggshell. The results showed that the effective eggshell content was 6% and the eggshell is one of the substances that can be used as a filler in asphalt mixture blend and realize Iraqi specifications. Furthermore, money can be saved by using this low-cost material instead of cement. For 6% ESP content rate, the stability & flow values has been checked with Iraqi specifications and showed that 6% ESP was the best ratio which has (12.83 KN) stability and (2.45) mm flow values. Higher density was found at 6% ESP and it has (2.32 gm/cm3). The results of indirect tensile strength (ITS) of 6% ESP showed reduction in ITS than 0% ESP specimen. While Tensile strength ratio (TSR) of 6% ESP is higher than 0% ESP that is (95.16 %) & (87.88 %) respectively, therefore 6% ESP specimen is better than the other by resistance to moisture damage.
Education of Sustainable Manufacturing in Curriculums: Evidence from Iraqi Colleges
Authors: Ibrahim Y M , Abdulameer S S , Hami N , Yaacob N A , Othman S N
Published: June 2019

Creating a generation with knowledge, abilities, and skills to meet the challenges of economic, environmental, and social sustainability is very important. In the context of the education of sustainable manufacturing, curricula should be directly related to sustainable manufacturing and its requirements. However, Iraqi colleges continue to suffer from the lack of sustainable manufacturing education in their curricula. Therefore, this study aims to explore the education of sustainable manufacturing for seven colleges in Baghdad, Iraq. Besides, this study used a qualitative method. The results of the study are indicated to a weak level, which is almost non-existent to sustainable manufacturing education into the curricula of these colleges.
The Social Dimension and Its Role in the Applicability of Smart Cities in Iraq
Authors: Ali Al-Rikabi Nada Khaleefah Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Smart cities are using innovative technological solutions to improve the quality of life and service that citizens and visitors receive. Defined as a digital or ecological city, its services depend on information and communication technology infrastructure, such as intelligent automated traffic systems, advanced security management Services, building systems, and the use of automation in offices and homes. The global trend now towards smart cities, sustainable and green cities and other cities, with different nomenclature, the common denominator is the comfort of the individual and the preservation of natural resources. Adopting smart, sustainable, green, or healthy cities is either to address a problem or to ward off the risk or both, as the need to go to green cities was to avoid the problems of environmental pollution and resource depletion, while the health cities were intended to achieve health well-being and for resource sustainability. The importance of this research has been highlighted by the experiences of different countries that tried to implement the principles of smart cities, including those who succeeded and achieved impressive results, and other cities whom still tries to overcome the disadvantages of these cities.

It was noted that the difference between most experiments was according to the quality of the society in which they were applied, as the research aims to demonstrate the role of the social dimension in the mechanism of implementing smart cities, and if this role is negative or positive, the research hypothesis states that the social dimension of individual behavior plays an important role in determining the possible To embrace the concept of smart city, the research structure includes a theoretical aspect that highlights the smart cities, their indicators, principles and the applied side of the social dimension with its indicators, we made questionnaires through the identification of selected experts of planning, architecture and environment, then concluded to a set of conclusions identified The importance of the social dimension and its (negative, positive) effects in the achievement of smart cities, finally we put number of recommendations that will help to solve the problem and achieve the objective and hypothesis of the research.
Reuse emergency housing in the reconstruction of host region
Authors: Alsaadi Russul B , Albazzaz Inaam A
Published: June 2019

The research tackles the issue of using sites, which have been designed as camps for (internal displacement people (IDP)), in the reconstruction of the host region and their role in the development of cities. The research explores the potentials of camps as a driver of urban transformation in the urban fringe of Erbil-Iraq. The study also investigates the impact of some factors such as timing, nature, the nature of development, motives of urban transformation, the size of the camps, their regional organization, the nature of the population and their religious affiliation, on the potential of transformation. The research sheds the light on the transformation of the temporary housing structure into a permanent structure and its effect on the structural urban features of the city.
Comparative study between the Cost of Normal Concrete and Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel
Published: June 2019

Concrete is an important, widely used material in modern-day construction. Structural planners steadily attempt different strategies and designs that will advance their constructions further aesthetically agreeable, functionally practical, and cost saving. Historically, the development in constructions depended greatly upon the properties of engineering substances. A different set of material with superior characteristics regularly results in a revolution in constructions; this is true for steel structures and concrete structures as well. However, the design of structures with innovative materials, such as RPC, cannot hold out with traditional design certificates that do not hold well with nontraditional materials. Ultra-High-Performance Concrete is considered with concern to its cost-effectiveness and sustainability. In several countries, concrete having a compressive strength of higher than 80MPa cannot be employed because current codes limit the additional strength. Accordingly, considerable performance on introducing an innovative design of standards and codes for RPC constructions necessity be managed to get used of the substances possibly. Further cost improvements with RPC superior traditional concrete involve controlled building times and extended usable floor space or overhead clearance predicted extended service life and lower maintenance cost advantages. This investigation pointed to describe the variation within the cost of traditional concrete material and Reactive Powder Concrete material.
Assessment the Effect of Nanofluid on Turbulent Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Bend Finned Tube
Authors: Yasin Nabil J. , Jehhef Kadhum A. , Mohsen Zahraa A.
Published: June 2019

An experimental study of using Al2O3-water nanofluid that flows in a finned bend tube cross flow heat exchanger on heat transfer and pressure drop was implemented. The experimental part consists of closed loop of water or nanofluid that flows in the bend tube heat exchanger that inserted in an air wind tunnel. The effect of different nanoparticles volume fraction of (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%Vol.) were depressed in deionized water. The hot water or nanofluid flow in the two types of smooth and finned bend tube heat exchanger with different inlet Reynolds numbers for the range of (450-920) for laminar flow and (6900-10000) for turbulent flow. The experimental results were presented as a friction factor, local and average Nusselt number for the water and air side respectively for the smooth and finned bend tubes. The results show that the inner average Nusselt number of Al2O3-water nanofluid that flows in heat exchanger enhanced by up (34.6 %) for smooth tube heat exchanger and about (44.1 %) for finned bend tube heat exchanger compared to pure water. Also, the friction factor of the nanofluid flow inside the heat exchanger increase by up (13.9 %) for smooth bend tube heat exchanger and (22%) for finned bend tube as compared with the use of pure water.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Solar Radiation Incident over Iraq
Authors: Kareem Fadhil Abdulrazzaq , Lafta Noor Samir , Khalaf Doaa Zaid
Published: June 2019

The solar radiation is renewable energy and great useful energy of in Iraq. This paper presents a study to compare the daily solar exergy, daily solar radiation, and daily solar that measured by Iraqi Agro-meteorological network in Baghdad. Then, a comparison between the solar energy and solar radiation in six cities in Iraq (Basra, Najaf, Baghdad, Anbar, Mosul, and Sulaymaniyah). The solar exergy estimated using the model of Nayak and Tiwari, while the solar radiation estimated using linear correlation which represented by (Angstrom correlation). The results showed that there is an agreement between daily solar radiation and daily solar which measured in Baghdad with mean error throughout the whole year from January to December (7.2%, 2.4%, 12.5%, 9.1%, 3.2%, 5.1%, 3.7%, 5.4%, 10.9%, 11.4%, 11.1%, and 3.7%), respectively. While, the daily solar exergy had very good agreement with the daily solar measured in Baghdad with mean error through the same 12-months (1.4%, 9.4%, 6.1%, 2.6%, 10.8%, 1.9%, 3.5%, 1.6%, 4.4%, 5.1%, 5%, and 2.7%), respectively. Also, higher daily solar radiation and daily solar exergy were in Basra, but the lowest was in Mosul. The daily solar exergy was (10.27, 10.09, 10, 10, 9.69, and 9.81 MJ/m2) in Basra, Najaf, Baghdad, Anbar, Mosul and Sulaimaniya, respectively. While, the percentage difference between daily solar radiation and daily solar exergy was (7.09%, 7.04, 7%, 6.99%, 6.96%, and 6.85 %) in Basra, Najaf, Anbar, Baghdad, Mosul and Sulaimaniya, respectively.
Theoretical considerations regarding upward velocity of graphite spherical particles in pure aluminum during melting
Authors: Hassan Hazim F. , Ismael Muna N. , Neagu Gigel , Ştefănescu Florin , Chişamera Mihai
Published: June 2019

The paper presents some theoretical aspects regarding the upward velocity of particles in the cast aluminum - graphite composites. Many types of particles are used to analyze the influence of shape factor on upward velocity in aluminum melts. The calculations were made by using modified Stokes’ equation for different Reynolds number attached to graphite particles. At temperature 700-900°C the upward velocity increases about 8.5%. The viscosity of multiphase fluids depends on many factors such as: the properties of aluminum melt and complementary material; temperature of the metallic bath; concentration, shape, fineness of graphite particles and degree of agglomeration of the dispersed phase.
Enhancement of engine performance with high blended diesel-biodiesel fuel using iso-butanol additive
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed H. , Ali Obed M. , Mohammed Awad E. , Daoud Raid W. , Ibrahim Thamir K.
Published: June 2019

Biodiesel is one of the most common and familiar among the alternative fuels in many applications. It’s environment friendly, biodegradable as well as renewable source, to meet the future energy crises. Though blending of biodiesel with mineral diesel are suggested to operate diesel engine, it is approved as a commercial fuel at low blending ratios less than 30%. Fuel additives are the most viable option to implement the utilization of biodiesel at high bending ratio with diesel to operate un-modified diesel engine. Investigation of blended biodiesel-diesel fuel (B40) properties and engine performance with iso-butanol additives is conducted in this study at 5% and 10% additive ratio. The study results reveal that the viscosity of blended fuel is the highest which decrease with increasing additive ratio in the blend with better viscosity for B40IB10 compared to diesel fuel. On the other hand, the heating value of blended fuel is lower than that of mineral diesel and decreases with increasing additive ratio in the blend. Introducing iso-butanol additive with the blend at 5% results in significant increase in brake power compared to that of blended fuel B40. Further increase in iso-butanol additive to 10% leads to increase brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency in which the higher value obtained. Engine test results show that introducing iso-butanol additive with the blended fuel B40 at 5% (B40IB5) can be suggested for better engine performance at high thermal efficiency.
Development and Properties of Fiber Metal Laminate Used in Aircraft Wing by Using Epoxy-Novolac
Authors: Kadhum Ahmed Mohammad , Faris Saad Theeyab , Al-katawy Ali Adwan
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to reduce weight and to improve the mechanical properties of aircraft wing by using fiber metal laminates (FMLs). They are layered materials based on stacked arrangements of aluminum alloy layers and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) layers. They have benefits over both aluminum and fiber reinforced composites. In this study, seven layers consist of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy reinforced by carbon and glass fibers bonded using blend of epoxy-novolac as adhesion, were used to produce the Carbon Glass Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CAGRALLs) as FMLs. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact and fatigue) of CAGRALLs are experimentally investigated. The results revealed that CAGRALLs give good mechanical properties because of increasing in tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, elongation at fracture, flexural modulus and impact toughness except flexural strength comparing than Carbon with Glass Reinforced Aluminum (CACAGRALLs) and Carbon with Jute Reinforced Aluminum (CAJURALLs) using epoxy. The increasing in layers led to weaken adhesion between layers of FMLs that led to decrease almost mechanical properties. The fabricated CAGRALLs showed higher fatigue strength than Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALL) and lower density than aluminum alloy 2024-T3 and steel that used in manufacturing of aircraft wing.
Experimental study of flat plate solar collector performance with twisted heat pipe
Authors: Merzha Basil N. , Majeed Majid H. , Saleh Fouad A.
Published: June 2019

In this work, a system of heat pipe is implemented to improve the performance of flat plate solar collector. The experiment rig consists of sun light simulator, flat plate, heat pipe (wickless), heat exchanger, and measurement instruments. The model is represented by twisting portion of the evaporator section and also inclined by an angle of 30° with a constant total length of 1140 mm. In this model the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser lengths are 780mm, 140mm and 230mm respectively. The omitted energies from sun light simulator are 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 W/m2 which is close to the normal solar energy in Iraq. The working fluid for all models is water with fill charge ratio of 30% and the efficiency of the solar collector is investigated with three values of condenser inlet water temperatures, namely (12, 16 and 20° C). The experimental result showed an optimum volume flow rate of cooling water in condenser at which the efficiency of collector is a maximum. This optimum agree well with the ASHRA standard volume of flow rate for conventional tasting for flat plate solar collector. When the radiation incident increases the thermal resistance of thermosyphon is decreases, where the heat transfer from the evaporator to condenser increases. The experimental results showed the performance of solar collector with twisted evaporator greater than other types of evaporator as a ratio 13.5 %.
Effect of micro-channel technique on solar collector performance
Authors: Jalil Jalal M. , Abdulkadhim Nashwan A.
Published: June 2019

The use of the micro-channel technique is available in many applications, but its applications in the solar collectors are very few, so this research makes a clear contribution in this field. The heat transfer to the flowing air is improved by using micro-channel technique. Numerical and experimental of the impact of micro-channel technique on solar air collector performance is investigated. Navier Stokes and energy equations is solved by using 3D forced convection laminar model inside rectangular micro-channels of absorber plate in solar air collector. The numerical calculations are extended to analyze the performance of a solar air collector by using micro-channel absorber plate. Experimentally, an absorber plate was manufactured from Aluminum metal with 30 rectangular micro-channels (length 0.9, width 0.004, height 0.0008 m) is constructed with measurements facilities of velocity, temperature, and differential pressure to achieve the experimental results. The tests are carried out indoor utilizing a solar simulator. Validation is achieved by using comparing the numerical results with experimental outcomes and a good agreement is executed among them, it is approximately (3-4%). Both factors air flow rate and solar irradiance have been studied as one of the essential factors in solar collectors. The numerical and experimental parameters studied are air flow of 0.0019, 0.0029, 0.0044 and 0.0053 kg/s and irradiance of 200, 400, 600 and 800 W/m2. The performance was investigated by measuring outlet air temperature. The micro-channel absorber shows good performance, the maximum outlet air temperature reaches 72.5°C.
Formability of Laser Welding Plates of Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Abd alwahed Zahraa Thamer , Jadee Khudhayer J. , Ameen Hani Aziz
Published: June 2019

Hydraulic deformation is a procedure utilized for forming sheet by applying the pressure driven pressurized fluid on the sheet. This procedure is described by its capacity to give homogenous strain distribution along the blank with high mechanical properties. The analysis of the sample deformation process has performed by using circular welded plate by laser technique of dissimilar steel plate (SS304-St1008) with thickness 1mm using profile radius for lower die 2 mm under the effect of blank holder force 10 kN. The metal thickness checked and the SEM test investigated for the formability product of laser welded plate. Discoveries show that by and large better mechanical characteristics, for example, formability, tensile and yield strength of welded joints can be achieved by using laser welding and the blank deformation becomes uniform with the hydraulic force. It is useful to avoid thinning of the blank with suitable friction coefficient between the die and the blank. Based on the experimental results of dissimilar metal, it found, that the joint weld strength parts, was lesser than the base strength, so the fracture is occur on the base metal. The SEM investigation indicated that the joining process between the SS304 and St1008 was occurred by heating due to laser on the other hand the depth of the interface between the joint materials had the range of 3-5 µm. The EDS examination indicated that the interface zone of the jointed contained Cr, Ni, C and Fe, the left side is SS304 passing through the region zone and ending with St1008, the ratio of Fe increased and the other elements decreased.
Wideband Square Sierpinski Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Wireless Applications
Authors: Aboud Kadhim Mohammed , Mosleh M F , Shandal S A
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a square Sierpinski fractal microstrip patch antenna over a rectangular-shaped partial ground plane is introduced. A self-similar property of fractal geometry is used based on the iteration algorithm that reaches up to four iterations. It is simulated by High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package version.14. A square slot is used to enhance antenna performance such as bandwidth and reflection coefficient S11. This antenna has been designed on an FR4 substrate with a compact size of (34×34) mm2, 1.5mm substrate thickness h, a permittivity of 4.3 and 0.02 loss tangent. Microstrip line feed is implemented to excite the proposed antenna. This antenna is designed for wide bandwidth (2.7-5.7) GHz, and it has two resonant frequencies at 3.2GHz and 4.8GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 3GHz. Four parameters are optimized in order to achieve wider bandwidth such as length of ground Lg
, the width of feed line Wf
, square slot area, and feed point position X. Also, the surface current distribution at various frequencies is presented. Simulation results indicate a good reflection coefficient S11 values equal to -17.7 dB and -43.1dB at two resonant frequencies (3.2, 4.8) GHz and radiation efficiency about 75% with a peak gain of 3.72dB. This antenna is suitable for various wireless applications such as S-band applications like radar and some communication satellite such as (wireless LAN, Bluetooth, GPS, microwave devices/communications and mobile phone), also it can be used in the lower portion of C-band.
Secure and efficient image retrieval based on global features
Authors: Yaseen Aqeel A , Sabri Murtad Hussein , Hussain Haitham Ali
Published: June 2019

A few years ago, an image retrieval needs have been increased enormously. Therefore, a need for an efficiency and accurate image retrieval scheme has become desired accordingly. In fact, the images require high storage space; for this reason, cloud computing considers the best selective to outsource images. Many outsourcing images to the cloud server such as medical, police investigation, and personal images that require to encrypt before being outsourced to the cloud servers. However, in this paper a robust scheme has been presented which provides Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) over the encrypted images without declassing the important information to the cloud server side. Additionally, the information is exchanging in the strong secure manner among entities. The proposed scheme consists of two phases: setup phase and retrieve phase. The first phase based on build secure dictionary based on global features (intensity of histogram) and images decryption while the second phase utilizes secure query to retrieve the queried image. This scheme is a robust to measure the Euclidean Distance similarity between two queries without decryption. The security and efficiency of the proposed scheme are proofed by security analysis and experiments.
Deformation Detection and Classification system for Car parts Products Using Image Processing Algorithms
Authors: AL-Yoonus Murthad , Yaseen Aqeel Adel , Al-Dabagh Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef
Published: June 2019

Sensitive products deformation marking, and detection projects are becoming more interests in quality control management and widely used in automated industrial sensitive products production. The manual inspection by the workers for the sensitive industrial products is still taking long time and is not accurate and supportive enough for high quality control, automated deformations marking and detection by using image processing algorithms can increase highly the accuracy of detection for the defects in the products. In this paper, automated deformation detection and classification system based on some steps of image processing. Decision-making is made based on the percentage of deformations detection that aids for accept or reject the final car part product shape before deliver to users. In this work, the results were accurate to detecting the mismatching in industrial products for many cases. Automated deformations detections aid for better decision making to accepting or rejecting the products.
Selective branch prediction schemes based on FPGA MIPS processor for educational purposes
Authors: Mahmood H S , Omran S S
Published: June 2019

Processor performance is measured by amount of ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism) represented by its design. this parallelism is limited by the execution of conditional branch instructions which may break the flow of the program execution. To overcome this problem, several ways were suggested in order to predict both the direction of instructions execution and the address of the instruction to be executed next. In this paper, a design for a dynamic branch predictor was implemented in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) then it was integrated with FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stages) processor and its ability to increase prediction accuracy and MIPS processor performance was approved. This predictor combines gshare and bimodal branch prediction techniques by dividing the PHT (Pattern History Table) into two branch streams corresponding to taken and not-taken states. This combined branch predictor was synthesized using the XILINX ISE (Integrated Software Environment) Design Suite 14.7 tool.
Thermal Analysis of a Three-Phase Induction Motor with Frame Design Considerations
Authors: Abdullah Afrah Thamer , Ali Amer Majbel
Published: June 2019

The present work investigates the temperature distribution inside different parts of a three-phase induction motor when motor frame dimensions (fins thickness, fins height, fins spacing) were changed, and when frame material is changed from cast iron to cast aluminum. A 2.2 kW, 2 poles, insulation class F, totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC), squirrel cage, three-phase induction motor is modeled according to its design documents and it is analyzed by a thermal network method (TNM) based on Motor-CAD software. The results show the motor temperatures are in direct proportional with fins thickness, fins spacing, and in inverse proportional with fins height. In addition, the motor temperature will decrease when using the cast aluminum frame. The results were verified by finite element method (FEM) results obtained based on Flux2D software with a good agreement. This work will help the induction motor designer in prediction the thermal state of induction motor when modifying the frame, without needing manufacturing and testing expensive prototype motor.
An Android smart application for an Arduino based local meteorological data recording
Authors: Hasan Ihsan Jabbar , Salih Nahla Abdul Jalil , Abdulkhaleq Nadhir Ibrahim , Mnati Mohannad Jabbar
Published: June 2019

The Meteorological conditions could be with high importance for many applications. Even this information is available in many media resources, but they are not measured for a certain position. In this paper, authors present design for a private weather station that can be established in any place. The design mainly based on a group of sensors used for supplying the information of temperature, humidity, and air speed. An Arduino Uno microcontroller is utilized to process the incoming sensing data and send them via wireless Bluetooth module to mobile phones. The mobile phones are equipped with an Android smart application to display this data. This low-cost design offers an online weather information for any local projects that need such data.
Generating High Voltage DC with Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier for Testing Locally Assemble Electric Field Sensor
Authors: Al-Mamoori Dalya H. , Neda Omar Muhammed , Al-Tameemi Zaid H. , Alobaidi Ali Assim , Aljanabi Mohanad
Published: June 2019

This paper describes the construction of a high voltage DC generator using single-phase transformer and Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier. The aim is to simulate high voltage DC for simulating electric field produced before a lightning strike near the ground. Lower AC voltage is step up to high AC voltage using a neon transformer. The AC voltage is then converted into high DC voltage using variable stages of Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier. The generator HVDC is connected to the adjustable parallel plate to ground. Variable stages of Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier produce high voltage magnitude proportional to each stage of it. The electric field generated from high voltage DC can also be varied depending on the distance between DC output plate and ground. The application of high voltage DC in generating electric field useful in testing locally assembled Electric Field Sensor.
Design and Implementation A Smart Monitoring and Controlling System of Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter Based on LoRa
Authors: Mnati Mohannad Jabbar , Hasan Aktham , Ali Adnan Hussein , Bozalakov Dimitar V. , Van den Bossche Alex
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a new smart monitor and control system has been designed for injected power application to grid from a three-phase photovoltaic inverter (a smart monitor and control system (SMCS)). The system consists two main units. Firstly, the control system unit: this unit connects directly to the inverter to measure the output voltage of three-phase photovoltaic inverter and the control circuit, It can turn the inverter ‘on’ or ‘off’ from a long distance. Secondly, the monitoring unit: this unit is designed to monitor the states of the photovoltaic inverter system from long distances. It has two monitoring options OLED and a smartphone monitoring application. LoRa technique (long range) used to send and receive data between controllers system and monitoring system. LoRa is a new type of wireless communication technology within the Internet of Things (IoT). The SMCS application has been designed by using open source software “MIT App Inventor 2”; this application is used to sends and receives the data from a control unit by using Bluetooth as a wireless communication in order to monitor and control the whole system. The main advantage of the SMCS that it can monitor and control three-phase photovoltaic inverters that have been installed in remote and rural areas.
Security Technology for Realistic Measurements with a Distinction on the Speech Recognition in Arabic and English Language Using LMS, Spectral subtraction and A/D Conversions Techniques
Authors: Hasan Ismail Abduljabbar , Ahmed Muhanad A. , Dawood Hassan Hayder
Published: June 2019

The new human sound recognition technology is obtained by using an algorithm which filters and separates frequencies from each human speech and makes recognitions on an individual speech and then can enter to the system using digital codes for username and again voice recognition until the system allows the real voice. This technique is superior to the means of using the eye-print and fingerprint for the possibility of the presence of diabetes in that person or the eye injury to a disease and thus blocks the system.
Highly Accurate Water Level Measurement System Using a Microcontroller and an Ultrasonic Sensor
Authors: Mohammed Saleem Latteef , Al-Naji Ali , Farjo Mashael M. , Chahl Javaan
Published: June 2019

In many conditions, the conventional liquid data monitoring based on an ultrasonic sensor provides the unreliable readings due to the dynamically changed water level. In addition, in some conditions, it needs not only measuring water level but also needs to measure the volume and control water surplus or deficiency. To solve these issues, this paper proposes an accurate non-contact water measurement system based on a microcontroller and an ultrasonic sensor to measure the level and volume of liquids in small tanks without any contact. The proposed system also provides automatically controlling the water level with an alarm system to provide early warning of water surplus or deficiency. Microcontroller PIC16F877A is used to drive the sensor circuit and measure the time change of the reflected echoes from the water surface received by the ultrasonic (PING) sensor that correspond to the changes in the water level. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system to measure the level and volume of water over 30 cm range with small error rates (SSE = 0.033 cm, RMSE = 0.034 cm and MAE = 0.029 cm for level measurement and SSE = 0.025 liter, RMSE = 0.026 liter and MAE = 0.021 liter for volume measurement) and excellent correlation coefficients (SCC = 0.9997 and KCC = 0.9951), thus provide accurate results for continuous measurement of the water level and volume in industrial applications.