bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuição à obtenção do módulo de elasticidade do concreto utilizando modelagem micromecânica
Authors: Barbosa A. H. , Lopez-Yanez P. A. , Carneiro A. M. P.
Published: September 2013

Expressões presentes nas normas nacionais e internacionais relacionam o módulo de elasticidade do concreto com a resistência à compressão. O concreto, considerado como material compósito trifásico, tem suas propriedades elásticas diretamente influenciadas pela zona de transição (ITZ), a qual é caracterizada por sua maior porosidade em relação à pasta de cimento. Modelos de micromecânica como os de Mori-Tanaka e esfera de três fases podem ser aplicados com bons resultados quando utilizados para a análise do concreto. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o comportamento evolutivo do módulo de elasticidade do concreto, tal estudo é feito mediante a aplicação das expressões normativas e de modelos de micromecânica. Comparado-se com os valores experimentais produzidos percebe-se uma boa concordância quando a modelagem micromecânica leva em conta a ITZ. Também é confirmada a qualidade das expressões da NBR 6118:2003 e do CEB-90.
Jogo das perguntas: o modo operativo "AND" e o viver juntos sem ideias
Authors: Eugenio Fernanda , Fiadeiro João
Published: September 2013

O jogo das perguntas "como viver juntos?" e "como não ter uma ideia?" compõe o Modo Operativo AND, sistema que emergiu da contaminação recíproca entre a Composição em Tempo Real e a Etnografia como Performance Situada. No plano "como viver juntos?", o jogo tem o ritmo da improvisação coletiva em tempo real - podendo ser jogado no interior de qualquer acontecimento quotidiano ou ser praticado de modo laboratorial. No plano "como não ter uma ideia?", o jogo assume o ritmo da investigação solitária e a temporalidade da depuração: é o jogo que jogamos ao executar uma tarefa ou criar uma obra, em qualquer área de atuação.
Cartografia imaginada da Mangueira
Authors: Opipari Carmen , Timbert Sylvie
Published: September 2013

Propomos nesse artigo percorrer os meandros da pesquisa de campo que realizamos, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com crianças moradoras do morro da Mangueira e integrantes de sua Escola de Samba. Focamos os desdobramentos teóricos forjados na elaboração coletiva de uma metodologia de pesquisa na qual, tendo a imagem como suporte e objeto de reflexão, deixamo-nos guiar pelos percursos que fizemos com algumas dessas crianças na montagem de dispositivos (desenhos, histórias e vídeo) que permitiram traçar uma cartografia imaginada da Mangueira. Aprendizes de cartógrafos, seguimos as crianças, nossos guias, no labirinto de seu morro, deixamo-nos afetar pela intensidade de uma cor, a fragilidade de uma palavra, a poesia de uma história, compomos com eles um caleidoscópio, sempre precário, prestes a balançar na direção de outras imagens.
Trophic ecology of the ichthyofauna of a stretch of the Urucu River (Coari, Amazonas, Brazil)
Authors: Costa Igor David da , Freitas Carlos Edwar de Carvalho
Published: September 2013

INTRODUCTION: The floodplains of the large Amazonian rivers are very productive as a result of seasonal fluctuations of water levels. This favors the fishes as they are provided with a wide range of habitats and food resources; AIM: In this study, we identified the trophic structure of fish assemblages in the upper river Urucu area (State of Amazonas - Brazil), observing seasonal changes determined by the hydrological cycle; Methods: Samples were collected with the aid of gillnets, during the flood season (April/2008) and the dry season (August/2008) in areas upstream and downstream of ports of the Urucu river within the municipality of Coari, Amazonas, Brazil; RESULTS: 902 individuals of seven orders, 23 families and 82 species were collected. Fishes were more abundant in the dry season than in the flood season, and the piscivores and carnivores (Serrasalumus rhombeus and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) were the most significant trophic categories in the dry season whereas piscivores and insectivores (Serrasalumus rhombeus, Bryconops alburnoides and Dianema urostriatum) were more abundant in the flood season. The trophic diversity, dominance and evenness were very similar in all sampling periods and show lower values than taxonomic index patterns, except for the trophic dominance in the dry season. Taxonomic diversity and dominance were higher in the flood season if compared to the dry season, but figures were quite uniform and there were no great discrepancies between seasons. CONCLUSION: We found through our studies that the dry and flood seasons work as regulatory factors of abundance of fishes of certain trophic categories in the Urucu river, what can be possibly explained by the availability of resources and the food spectrum of each category.
Implementation of hydroacoustic for a rapid assessment of fish spatial distribution at a Brazilian Lake - Lagoa Santa, MG
Authors: Bezerra-Neto José Fernandes , Brighenti Ludmila Silva , Pinto-Coelho Ricardo Motta
Published: September 2013

AIM: To study the distribution, structure, size and density of fish in the karst lake: Lagoa Central (Lagoa Santa, MG - surface area: 1.7 km²; mean depth: 4.0 m; and maximum depth: 7.3 m). METHODS: The hydroacoustic method with vertical beaming was applied, using the echosounder Biosonics DT-X with a split-beam transducer of 200 kHz. The analysis of the acoustic data was performed with the software Visual Analyzer (Biosonics Inc.). Thematic maps of density echoes associated with fish, estimated by the technique of echo-integration, were made using the kriging interpolation. The density and vertical distribution of insonified fish were estimated using the technique of echo-counting. RESULTS: The lake had a mean density of 0.89 echoes associated with fish per m², showing large spatial variations in the density of fish. The size estimated for the echoes associated with fish range from 2.7 to 15.9 cm (mean = 5.3 cm). CONCLUSIONS: The use of hydroacoustic to obtain rapid and realistic estimates of fish abundance and vertical distribution of the fish stock was successful
Simultaneous Alveolar Cleft Closure and Dental Midline Correction with Curvilinear Intraoral Distraction
Authors: Erverdi Ahmet Nejat , Yilmaz Berza , Motro Melih , Gozneli Rifat , Ugurlu Kemal
Published: September 2013

This article describes a new method that enables vector control during alveolar distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of a cleft palate patient. The patient presented with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, and the alveolar part of the defect was covered by a mobile buccal flap. The distraction was performed by sliding the surgically released tooth segment with the help of an intraoral distractor over 1.5-mm stainless steel archwires held by metal crowns. This vector-controlled method enabled new bone and attached gingiva formation in harmony with the proper alveolar shape.
Speech and Phonology in Swedish-Speaking 3-Year-Olds with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate following Different Methods for Primary Palatal Surgery
Authors: Klintö Kristina , Svensson Henry , Elander Anna , Lohmander Anette
Published: September 2013

Objective

To describe and compare speech and phonology at age 3 years in children born with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate treated with three different methods for primary palatal surgery.

Design

Prospective study.

Setting

Primary care university hospitals.

Participants

Twenty-eight Swedish-speaking children born with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.

Interventions

Three methods for primary palatal surgery: two-stage closure with soft palate closure between 3.4 and 6.4 months and hard palate closure at mean age 12.3 months (n = 9) or 36.2 months (n = 9) or one-stage closure at mean age 13.6 months (n = 10).

Main Outcome Measures

Based on independent judgments performed by two speech-language pathologists from standardized video recordings: percent correct consonants adjusted for age, percent active cleft speech characteristics, total number of phonological processes, number of different phonological processes, hypernasality, and audible nasal air leakage. The hard palate was unrepaired in nine of the children treated with two-stage closure.

Results

The group treated with one-stage closure showed significantly better results than the group with an unoperated hard palate regarding percent active cleft speech characteristics and total number of phonological processes.

Conclusions

Early primary palatal surgery in one or two stages did not result in any significant differences in speech production at age 3 years. However, children with an unoperated hard palate had significantly poorer speech and phonology than peers who had been treated with one-stage palatal closure at about 13 months of age.
Geospatial Assessment of Invasive Plants on Reclaimed Mines in Alabama
Authors: Lemke Dawn , Schweitzer Callie J. , Tadesse Wubishet , Wang Yong , Brown Jennifer A.
Published: September 2013

Throughout the world, the invasion of nonnative plants is an increasing threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability. Invasion is especially prevalent in areas affected by land transformation and disturbance. Surface mines are a major land transformation, and thus may promote the establishment and persistence of invasive plant communities. Using the Shale Hills region of Alabama as a case study, we assessed the use of landscape characteristics in predicting the probability of occurrence of six invasive plant species: sericea lespedeza, Japanese honeysuckle, Chinese privet, autumn-olive, royal paulownia, and sawtooth oak. Models were generated for invasive species occurrence using logistic regression and maximum entropy methods. The predicted probabilities of species occurrence were applied to the mined landscape to assess the probable prevalence of each species across the landscape. Japanese honeysuckle had the highest probable prevalence on the landscape (48% of the area), with royal paulownia having the lowest (less than 1%). Overall, 67% of the landscape was predicted to have at least one invasive plant species, with 20% of the landscape predicted to have two or more species, and 3% of the landscape predicted to have three or more species. Japanese honeysuckle, sericea lespedeza, privet, and autumn-olive showed higher occurrence on the reclaimed sites than across the broader region. We found that geospatial modeling of these invasive plants at this scale offered potential for management, both for identifying habitat types at risk and areas that need management attention. However, the most immediate action for reducing the prevalence of invasive plants on reclaimed mines is to remove invasive plants from the reclamation planting list. Three (sericea lespedeza, autumn-olive, and sawtooth oak) out of the six most common invasive plants in this study were planted as part of reclamation activities.
Significance of the structural properties of CaO catalyst in the production of biodiesel: An effect on the reduction of greenhouse gases emission
Authors: Ljupkovic Radomir , Micic Radoslav , Tomic Milan , Radulovic Niko , Bojic Aleksandar , Zarubica Aleksandra
Published: September 2013

The influence of the physicochemical properties of a series of CaO catalysts
activated at different temperatures on the biodiesel production was
investigated. These catalysts show dissimilar yields in the
transesterification of triglycerides with methanol. We have found significant
relationships between structural properties (the type of the pore system, the
typical CaO crystal phase and the sizes of crystallites (up to 25 nm), the
minimal weight percentage of CaO phase, the total surface basicity and
potential existence of two types of basic active sites) of CaO prepared and
activated by means of thermal treatment at highest temperature and catalytic
efficiency. Benefits of this catalyst are short contact time, standard
operating temperature and atmospheric conditions, relatively low molar ratios
and small catalyst loading. These all together resulted in a very high
biodiesel yield of high purity. The properties of different biodiesel
(obtained with the use of the prepared CaO catalyst) blends with different
diesel and biodiesel ratios indicate that the higher the fraction of
biodiesel fuel the better the achieved fuel properties according to the EU
standards. A significant reduction of CO2 and CO emissions and only a
negligible NOx increase occurred when blends with an increased biodiesel
portion was used. The use of biodiesel derived blends, and the eventual
complete replacement of fossil fuels with biodiesel as a renewable,
alternative fuel for diesel engines, would greatly contribute to the
reduction of greenhouse gases emissions.
An extended dynamic thermal model of a permanent magnet excited synchronous motor
Authors: Mbo’O Christelle Piantsop , Hameyer Kay
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this paper is to develop a dynamic thermal model of a permanent magnet excited synchronous motor (PMSM). The model estimates the temperature at specific points of the machine during operation. The model is implemented using thermal network theory, whose parameters are determined by means of analytical approaches. Usually thermal models are initialized and referenced to room temperature. However, this can lead to incorrect results, if the simulations are performed when the electrical machine operates under “warm” conditions. An approach is developed and discussed in this paper, which captures the model in critical states of the machine. The model gives feedback by online measured quantities to estimate the initial temperature. The paper provides an extended dynamic thermal model, which leads to a more accurate and more efficient thermal estimation.
Cogging torque sensitivity to permanent magnet tolerance combinations
Authors: Gašparin Lovrenc , Fišer Rastko
Published: September 2013

This study presents the dependence of the level and harmonic structure of the cogging torque in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) to imperfections of permanent magnet (PM) dimensions and positions, which can not be avoided in massproduction. Slightly diverse dimensions and misplacements of PMs are introducing asymmetries in magnetic field distribution which cause additional harmonic components. A finite element method (FEM) and Fast Fourier transform (FFT) were used to calculate cogging torque harmonic components with regard to several combinations of PM assembly imperfections. It has been established and proved that unequal PMs cause magnetic asymmetries which give rise to additional cogging torque harmonic components and consequently increase the total cogging torque. It is also shown that in some particular combinations the influence of an individual PM imprecision could compensate with others due to different phase shifts which can result even in the decrease of cogging torque. Considering presented results it is possible to foresee which additional harmonic components will comprise the cogging torque of mass-produced PMSMs due to PM imperfections. In this way the designers are able to predetermine required manufacturing tolerances to keep the level of cogging torque in a admissible level. Simulation results were verified and confirmed by laboratory tests.
High voltage pulse generation using magnetic pulse compression
Authors: Balcerak Michał , Hołub Marcin , Pałka Ryszard
Published: September 2013

The paper presents an overview of a method of nanosecond-scale high voltage pulse generation using magnetic compression circuits. High voltage (up to 18 kV) short pulses (up to 1.4 μs) were used for Pulsed Corona Discharge generation. In addition, the control signal of parallel connection of IGBT and MOSFET power transistor influence on system losses is discussed. For a given system topology, an influence of core losses on overall pulse generator efficiency is analysed.
On determination of inductances for circuit models of AC machines
Authors: Sobczyk Tadeusz J.
Published: September 2013

The paper discuss a problem of determination of inductances for AC machine windings when saturation of magnetic circuit is not neglected. For such cases, computation of magnetic field distribution in the machine magnetic circuit is a starting point for post processing procedures leading to various values, among others the co-energy in a given area and linkage fluxes of windings. This paper shows how to determine winding inductances in a nonlinear magnetic circuit from these two values and also how to compute directly nonlinear inductances. Problem is not trivial because such inductances are not uniquely determined as for linear case. In the paper a definition of nonlinear inductances is proposed which makes the choice unique.
The geoid or quasigeoid – which reference surface should be preferred for a national height system?
Authors: Sjöberg L. E.
Published: September 2013

Most European states use M. S. Molodensky’s concept of normal heights for their height systems with a quasigeoid model as the reference surface, while the rest of the world rely on orthometric heights with the geoid as the zero-level. Considering the advances in data caption and theory for geoid and quasigeoid determinations, the question is which system is the best choice for the future. It is reasonable to assume that the latter concept, in contrast to the former, will always suffer from some uncertainty in the topographic density distribution, while Molodensky’s approach to quasigeoid determination has a convergence problem. On the contrary, geoid and quasigeoid models computed by analytical continuation (e.g., rcr technique or KTH method) have no integration problem, and the quasigeoid can always be determined at least as accurate as the geoid. As the numerical instability of the analytical continuation is better controlled in the KTH method vs. the rcr method, we propose that any future height system be based on normal heights with a quasigeoid model computed similar to or directly based on the KTH method (Least squares modification of Stokes formula with additive corrections).
Dendronized core-multishell nanocarriers for solubilization of guest molecules
Authors: Fleige Emanuel , Tyagi Rahul , Haag Rainer
Published: September 2013

We have synthesized core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers with different outer shells and the self-aggregation behavior and the transport capacity of these nanocarriers were studied with the hydrophobic guest molecules Nile red (NR) and methotrexate (MTX). The outer shell either consisted of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) or polyglycerol (PG) dendrons of generation one or two. NR was solubilized by all CMS nanocarriers. The solubilization of MTX could only be achieved with mPEG-terminated CMS nanocarriers. Depending on the encapsulated guest, the CMS nanocarriers showed self-aggregation. The NR loaded CMS nanocarriers all formed bigger aggregates with a radius between 110 and 170 nm. In the case of the MTX loaded CMS nanocarriers, the MTX prevented the formation of CMS aggregates and therefore its efficient transport
Electroless selective deposition of gold nano-array for silicon
nanowires growth
Authors: Ruiz-Gomes E. , Herrier C. , Gouyé A. , Benkouider A. , Sudraud P. , Delobbe A. , Ronda A. , Berbezier I.
Published: September 2013

Nanopatterns of gold clusters on a large surface of oriented Si(111)
substrates, from the galvanic displacement of gold salt (via the
spontaneous reduction of AuCl4
-), are demonstrated in this work. The Si
substrate is patterned by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) prior to being dipped in a
gold solution. Here, we show that these patterns lead to successful control
of the position and size of gold clusters. Sequential patterning reveals a
powerful maskless alternative to surface preparation prior to Si nanowire
growth.
MTMonkey: A Scalable Infrastructure for a Machine Translation Web Service
Authors: Tamchyna Aleš , Dušek Ondřej , Rosa Rudolf , Pecina Pavel
Published: September 2013

We present a web service which handles and distributes JSON-encoded HTTP requests for machine translation (MT) among multiple machines running an MT system, including text pre- and post-processing. It is currently used to provide MT between several languages for cross-lingual information retrieval in the EU FP7 Khresmoi project. The software consists of an application server and remote workers which handle text processing and communicate translation requests to MT systems. The communication between the application server and the workers is based on the XML-RPC protocol. We present the overall design of the software and test results which document speed and scalability of our solution. Our software is licensed under the Apache 2.0 licence and is available for download from the Lindat-Clarin repository and Github.
COSTA MT Evaluation Tool: An Open Toolkit for Human Machine Translation Evaluation
Authors: Chatzitheodorou Konstantinos
Published: September 2013

A hotly debated topic in machine translation is human evaluation. On the one hand, it is extremely costly and time consuming; on the other, it is an important and unfortunately inevitable part of any system. This paper describes COSTA MT Evaluation Tool, an open stand-alone tool for human machine translation evaluation. It is a Java program that can be used to manually evaluate the quality of the machine translation output. It is simple in use, designed to allow machine translation potential users and developers to analyze their systems using a friendly environment. It enables the ranking of the quality of machine translation output segment-bysegment for a particular language pair. The benefits of this tool are multiple. Firstly, it is a rich repository of commonly used industry criteria (fluency, adequacy and translation error classification). Secondly, it is freely available to anyone and provides results that can be further analyzed. Thirdly, it estimates the time needed for each evaluated sentence. Finally, it gives suggestions about the fuzzy matching of the candidate translations.
A rate equation method for the sequential double ionisation, including autoionising state excitation, of a noble gas
Authors: Middleton Damien , Tejaswi Katravulapally , Nikolopoulos Lampros
Published: September 2013

A set of rate equations have been tested against a more robust set of Time-Dependent Density Matrix (TDDM) equations [D. P. W. Middleton, L. A. A. Nikolopoulos, J. Mod. Opti. 59, 1650 (2012)] by using them to determine the populations of ion species and autoionising states (AIS) in noble gas atoms when interacting with a strong external field. Two field shapes were tested here — sinusoidal and square — and a variety of pulse characteristics were examined, i.e. intensity, duration and photon energy, for the neon atomic system. It was found that the rate equations were sufficiently accurate only when the external field is way off-resonant with the AIS. Moreover, analytical solutions of the rate equations in the square pulse case agree with the numerical solutions for a time-dependent pulse containing many cycles. An attempt to model a stochastic field was also made and it was found that the use of such a field diminished and broadened the ion yield ratio due to the presence of an added bandwidth.
Enantioseparation of mandelic acid enantiomers in ionic liquid aqueous two-phase extraction systems
Authors: Yue Yan , Jiang Xin-Yu , Yu Jing-Gang , Tang Ke-Wen
Published: September 2013

In the past decade, ionic liquids have received great attention owing to their potential as green solvent alternatives to conventional organic solvents. In this work, hydrophobic achiral ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([omim][BF4])) were used as solvents in chiral liquid-liquid extraction separation of mandelic acid (MA) enantiomers with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives as hydrophilic chiral selectors preferentially forming complexes with (R)-enantiomers. Factors affecting the separation efficiency were optimised, namely the type of the extraction solvents and β-CD derivatives, concentrations of the β-CD derivatives and MA enantiomers, pH, and temperature. Excellent enantioseparation of MA enantiomers was achieved in the ionic liquid aqueous two-phase extraction systems under the optimal conditions of pH 2.5 and temperature of 5°C with the maximum enantioselectivity (α) of 1.74. The experimental results demonstrated that the ionic liquid aqueous two-phase extraction systems with a β-CD derivative as the chiral selector have a strong chiral recognition ability, which might extend the application of ionic liquids in chiral separation.
Role of thermoxidation and depolymerisation in the ageing of systems paper/gum arabic/historical ink
Authors: Peller András , Reháková Milena , Ciglanská Michaela , Šimon Peter
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the role and proportional representation of depolymerisation and thermoxidation reaction paths in the systems paper/gum arabic (GA)/historical ink during various accelerated ageing methods. The historical inks under study are iron-gall, bistre, and sepia. The results indicate that thermoxidation represents only a minor reaction path in the ageing of paper/GA/ink systems except for the iron-gall ink and the light-thermal method of accelerated ageing. The iron-gall ink accelerates both reaction paths of ageing, i.e. thermoxidation and depolymerisation; in this case, thermoxidation might become the prevailing degradation reaction path. For the sepia ink, an anti-depolymerisation stabilising effect in thermal methods of ageing has been detected. Considering the thermoxidation reaction path, the results even suggest that a compound preventing thermoxidation is formed during the thermally accelerated ageing in air and in 100 mg L−1 of NO2. In the light-thermal ageing, the most stable sample is the Whatman paper (W)/GA/bistre ink.
Endemic Macrolepidoptera Subspecies in the Natural History Museum Collections from Sibiu (Romania)
Authors: Török Sergiu-Cornel , Cuzepan Gabriela
Published: September 2013

The paper presents data regarding endemic Macrolepidoptera subspecies preserved in the Entomological Collections of Natural History Museum from Sibiu. 22 endemic subspecies are recorded and represented by 382 specimens in the Entomological Collection. Most of the specimens have been collected from mountain habitats, especially from Southern and Western Carpathians. The results of this paper contribute to the improvement of the existing data concerning the distribution and outline the areas of Macrolepidoptera’s endemism in Romania.
Do Summer Time-Use Gaps Vary by Socioeconomic Status?
Authors: Gershenson Seth
Published: September 2013

Several scholars have suggested that differential rates of summer learning loss contribute to the persistence of achievement gaps between students of different socioeconomic backgrounds. To better understand the possible determinants of summer learning loss, a test for summer-specific differences by socioeconomic status (SES) in children’s time spent in activities related to cognitive development and parental time spent interacting with children is conducted using data from two time-diary surveys: the Activity Pattern Survey of California Children and the American Time Use Study. Tobit-model estimates provide evidence of statistically and practically significant summer-SES time-use gaps, most notably in children’s television viewing.
Joint strength of friction stir welded AISI 304 austenitic stainless steels
Authors: Meran Cemal , Canyurt Olcay Ersel
Published: September 2013

In this study, AISI 304 (X5CrNi18-10) austenitic stainless steels were joined by means of friction stir welding. The welded joint strength of stainless steels was influenced by many factors, such as different tool rotational speeds, traverse speeds, compressive tool forces, and tool angles, etc. There is a strong interrelation among the friction stir welding design parameters. The effects of design parameters on the welded joint were analyzed using a genetic algorithm. Appropriate design parameter configurations led to fine-grained microstructures that resulted in higher tensile strength joints compared to the base material. The best design configuration that led to 1.16 times higher strength than the base material was achieved with 47.5 mm min−1 traverse speed, a rotational speed of 1 180 min−1, compressive tool force of 7 kN and tool tilt angle of 2.0°.
An investigation of the microstructure and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of ball-milled CeMg12 alloys with Ni powders
Authors: Feng Hu , Yanghuan Zhang , Yin Zhang , Jianyi Xu , Ying Cai , Leibo Deng
Published: September 2013

CeMg12 + 100 wt.% Ni composite hydrogen storage alloys were prepared using ball-milling. The phase structure, morphologies, and hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of these alloys were systematically investigated. The results show that the milled CeMg12 + 100 wt.% Ni alloys consisted of Mg2Ni and Ni phase with nanocrystalline and amorphous structures. Additionally, the volume fractions of the phase increased with prolonged ball-milling times, which improved the hydrogenation rates and the hydrogen storage capacities of the alloy samples. However, the dehydrogenation kinetics of the alloy samples were also impaired by the increased milling times. The poor dehydriding kinetics of the alloy samples milled for 80 h and 100 h were primarily attributed to grain size effects.
Effects of coating solution concentration on the interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber/epoxy/nano-CaCO3 composites
Authors: He Hong-wei , Gao Feng , Li Kai-xi
Published: September 2013

Previously, we have shown that the effects of the coating solution concentration of coupling agent on the interlaminar shear strength of fiber/epoxy composites were best investigated with 4 wt.% nano-CaCO3 content. Here, five different types of composites were prepared: (E–0–4): composites modified by untreated nano-CaCO3, (E–1.1–4): composites modified by nano-CaCO3 with 1.1 wt.% coating solution concentration treatment. Similarly, samples E–2.3–4, E–3.5–4 and E–4.6–4 were also fabricated. The results show that nanocomposites prepared with 2.3 wt.% and 3.5 wt.% coating solution concentration treatment have the best shear properties, including interlaminar shear strength, elongation at break and fracture work. With 2.3 wt.% coating solution concentration treatment, these have values of 142.4 MPa, 1.95 mm and 1.86 J, which can increase 11%, 41% and 39% compared to the composite prepared with untreated nano-CaCO3, respectively.
General and Simple Decision Method for DG Penetration Level in View of Voltage Regulation at Distribution Substation Transformers
Authors: Song Il-Keun , Jung Won-Wook , Chu Chul-Min , Cho Seong-Soo , Kang Hyun-Koo , Choi Joon-Ho
Published: September 2013

A distribution system was designed and operated by considering unidirectional power flow from a utility source to end-use loads. The large penetrations of distributed generation (DG) into the existing distribution system causes a variety of technical problems, such as frequent tap changing problems of the on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformer, local voltage rise, protection coordination, exceeding short-circuit capacity, and harmonic distortion. In view of voltage regulation, the intermittent fluctuation of the DG output power results in frequent tap changing operations of the OLTC transformer. Thus, many utilities limit the penetration level of DG and are eager to find the reasonable penetration limits of DG in the distribution system. To overcome this technical problem, utilities have developed a new voltage regulation method in the distribution system with a large DG penetration level. In this paper, the impact of DG on the OLTC operations controlled by the line drop compensation (LDC) method is analyzed. In addition, a generalized determination methodology for the DG penetration limits in a distribution substation transformer is proposed. The proposed DG penetration limits could be adopted for a simplified interconnection process in DG interconnection guidelines.
Redox Signaling Is an Early Event in the Pathogenesis of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Hartono Stella , Knudsen Bruce , Zubair Adeel , Nath Karl , Textor Stephen , Lerman Lilach , Grande Joseph
Published: September 2013

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a critical role in the development of chronic renal damage in patients with renovascular hypertension. Although angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, it is not known how these pathways intersect to produce chronic renal damage. We tested the hypothesis that renal parenchymal cells are subjected to oxidant stress early in the development of RVH and produce signals that promote influx of inflammatory cells, which may then propagate chronic renal injury. We established a reproducible murine model of RVH by placing a tetrafluoroethhylene cuff on the right renal artery. Three days after cuff placement, renal tissue demonstrates no histologic abnormalities despite up regulation of both pro- and anti-oxidant genes. Mild renal atrophy was observed after seven days and was associated with induction of Tnfα and influx of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages. By 28 days, kidneys developed severe renal atrophy with interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, despite normalization of plasma renin activity. Based on these considerations, we propose that renal parenchymal cells initiate a progressive cascade of events leading to oxidative stress, interstitial inflammation, renal fibrosis, and atrophy.
Design of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI)
Authors: Du Yimeng , Lai Pui , Leung Cheung , Pong Philip
Published: September 2013

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a promising medical imaging technique producing quantitative images of the distribution of tracer materials (superparamagnetic nanoparticles) without interference from the anatomical background of the imaging objects (either phantoms or lab animals). Theoretically, the MPI platform can image with relatively high temporal and spatial resolution and sensitivity. In practice, the quality of the MPI images hinges on both the applied magnetic field and the properties of the tracer nanoparticles. Langevin theory can model the performance of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and predict the crucial influence of nanoparticle core size on the MPI signal. In addition, the core size distribution, anisotropy of the magnetic core and surface modification of the superparamagnetic nanoparticles also determine the spatial resolution and sensitivity of the MPI images. As a result, through rational design of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, the performance of MPI could be effectively optimized. In this review, the performance of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in MPI is investigated. Rational synthesis and modification of superparamagnetic nanoparticles are discussed and summarized. The potential medical application areas for MPI, including cardiovascular system, oncology, stem cell tracking and immune related imaging are also analyzed and forecasted.
An Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Humans Is Caused by a Subset of Strains with Conserved Genome Structure
Authors: Barbet Anthony , Al-Khedery Basima , Stuen Snorre , Granquist Erik , Felsheim Roderick , Munderloh Ulrike
Published: September 2013

The prevalence of tick-borne diseases is increasing worldwide. One such emerging disease is human anaplasmosis. The causative organism, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is known to infect multiple animal species and cause human fatalities in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Although long known to infect ruminants, it is unclear why there are increasing numbers of human infections. We analyzed the genome sequences of strains infecting humans, animals and ticks from diverse geographic locations. Despite extensive variability amongst these strains, those infecting humans had conserved genome structure including the pfam01617 superfamily that encodes the major, neutralization-sensitive, surface antigen. These data provide potential targets to identify human-infective strains and have significance for understanding the selective pressures that lead to emergence of disease in new species.
Evaluating the Effects of Shadow Detection on QuickBird Image Classification and Spectroradiometric Restoration
Authors: Wu Jindong , Bauer Marvin
Published: September 2013

Shadows in high resolution imagery create significant problems for urban land cover classification and environmental application. We first investigated whether shadows were intrinsically different and hypothetically possible to separate from each other with ground spectral measurements. Both pixel-based and object-oriented methods were used to evaluate the effects of shadow detection on QuickBird image classification and spectroradiometric restoration. In each method, shadows were detected and separated either with or without histogram thresholding, and subsequently corrected with a k-nearest neighbor algorithm and a linear correlation correction. The results showed that shadows had distinct spectroradiometric characteristics, thus, could be detected with an optimal brightness threshold and further differentiated with a scene-based near infrared ratio. The pixel-based methods generally recognized more shadow areas and with statistically higher accuracy than the object-oriented methods. The effects of the prior shadow thresholding were not statistically significant. The accuracy of the final land cover classification, after accounting for the shadow detection and separation, was significantly higher for the pixel-based methods than for the object-oriented methods, although both achieved similar accuracy for the non-shadow classes. Both radiometric restoration algorithms significantly reduced shadow areas in the original satellite images.
Sensors in Agriculture and Forestry
Authors: Pajares Gonzalo , Peruzzi Andrea , Gonzalez-de-Santos Pablo
Published: September 2013

Agriculture and Forestry are two broad and promising areas demanding technological solutions with the aim of increasing production or accurate inventories for sustainability while the environmental impact is minimized by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmental friendly agronomical practices. In addition, the immediate consequence of this “trend” is the reduction of production costs. [...]
Pharmaceuticals in the Built and Natural Water Environment of the United States
Authors: Deo Randhir , Halden Rolf
Published: September 2013

The known occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the built and natural water environment, including in drinking water supplies, continues to raise concerns over inadvertent exposures and associated potential health risks in humans and aquatic organisms. At the same time, the number and concentrations of new and existing pharmaceuticals in the water environment are destined to increase further in the future as a result of increased consumption of pharmaceuticals by a growing and aging population and ongoing measures to decrease per-capita water consumption. This review examines the occurrence and movement of pharmaceuticals in the built and natural water environment, with special emphasis on contamination of the drinking water supply, and opportunities for sustainable pollution control. We surveyed peer-reviewed publications dealing with quantitative measurements of pharmaceuticals in U.S. drinking water, surface water, groundwater, raw and treated wastewater as well as municipal biosolids. Pharmaceuticals have been observed to reenter the built water environment contained in raw drinking water, and they remain detectable in finished drinking water at concentrations in the ng/L to μg/L range. The greatest promises for minimizing pharmaceutical contamination include source control (for example, inputs from intentional flushing of medications for safe disposal, and sewer overflows), and improving efficiency of treatment facilities.
Formas de la imago familiar en su proliferacion textual : poemas de Carlos Mastronardi, escritor argentino (1900-1976)
Authors: Castellaro Norma
Published: September 2013

Resumen. — A partir del concepto de « IMAGO » de C.G. Jung, un estudio de la imago familiar, de su inscripción y de sus transformaciones en tres textos del poeta argentino Carlos Mastronardi (1900-1976) : La rosa infinita y Los bienes de la sombra (1937), y Los reyes olvidados (1963).
Écrits intimes de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Carelli Mario
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — Présentation, édition partielle et analyse de divers textes inédits issus des carnets intimes retrouvés du grand écrivain brésilien Lúcio Cardoso (1912-1968). Des textes de «style hybride» à la frontière du journal et de la fiction, atteignant parfois le ton du poème en prose.
Origenes del teatro popular rioplatense : algunos documentos
Authors: Golluscio de Montoya Eva
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — Trois pièces de Justo López de Gomara, auteur dramatique du Río de la Plata (1890), s'accompagnent de prologues et de notes en bas de page qui ont une grande valeur pour la recherche sur les origines du théâtre hispanoaméricain.
Bilbao y el hallazgo de América latina: Unión continental, socialista y libertaria…
Authors: Rojas Mix Miguel
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — L'appellation et le concept d'« Amérique Latine » apparaissent dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Un des premiers à les utiliser fut Bilbao. Etude de la position originale de Bilbao, ses propositions émancipatrices et son anti-impérialisme.
Militantisme et messianisme ouvriers au Chili à travers la presse de la Pampa nitrière (1900-1930)
Authors: Vayssière Pierre
Published: September 2013

Resumen. — Las ideologías obreristas — anarquista y socialistas — se expresan y se enfrentan en una prensa popular, abundante a la vez que precaria. Es todavía la época de las construcciones utópicas y del mito de la tabla rasa...
Chants sacrés et plantes liturgiques dans le Candomblé brésilien
Authors: Lavergne Barbara , Pessoa de Barros José Flavio
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — Les auteurs mettent en relief l'importance des plantes liturgiques dans le complexe culturel jêje-nagô, à partir de recherches réalisées dans des maisons de candomblé sises dans les Etats de Bahia et de Rio de Janeiro de 1980 à 1983.

Les « korin ewe », — cantiques des feuilles chantés au cours du rituel de « sassanyin » constituent un moment privilégié qui permet d'observer le binôme transmission/acquisition de la connaissance d'une part, l'espace primordial occupé par l'oralité en tant que détentrice d' « ashé », — force de vie, et technique d'apprentissage, d'autre part.

Tout en nommant les plantes, les cantiques indiquent leur place dans le système classificatoire spécifique, par des références aux contenus symboliques exprimés dans les mythes.
Une nouvelle minière à silex du Néolithique à Ressons-sur-Matz "Le Fond Madelon Duriez" (Oise)
Authors: Beaujard Stéphane , Bostyn Françoise
Published: September 2013

Bei einer archäologischen Diagnose des INRAP (Institut national des recherches archéologiques préventives) in Ressons-sur-Matz wurde eine neue Silexabbaustätte (Pingenbau) entdeckt, welche Schichten aus dem Campanium ausbeutete. An der westlichen Grenze des Bauprojekts gelegen, erstreckt sie sich über eine Fläche von ca. 4000 m2. Von den 38 erkannten Abbaustrukturen wurde nur eine näher untersucht. Die ersten Beobachtungen zeugen von einem Abbau des Feuersteins über flache Schächte und mit den aus Nointel vergleichbaren wenig vorgetriebenen Stollen. Traduction Isa Odenhardt-Donvez (donvezservit@ wanadoo. fr)
Un habitat protohistorique et un établissement agricole gallo-romain à Neuville-Saint-Amand "La Vallée de Neuville" (Aisne)
Authors: Ziegler Sébastien
Published: September 2013

Bei der Ausgrabung von Neuville-Saint-Amand (Departement Aisne) konnten zwei Siedlungsphasen aufgezeigt werden : eine frühgeschichtliche Besiedlung, die in erster Linie an das Ende der Hallstattzeit datiert wurde, und ein großer landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb aus römischer Zeit. Zwischen dem 1. und dem 3. Jh. weist diese Siedlungsstruktur, die man als villa bezeichnen kann, eine gewisse Kontinuität auf. Im 4. Jh. wird sie von Grund auf neu organisiert. Während bestimmte für die villae der frühen Kaiserzeit bezeichnende Elemente beibehalten werden (wahrscheinlich gab es eine Badeanlage), konzentrieren sich die Wohnbereiche und der Wirtschaftsteil mit seinen Gebäuden für wirtschaftliche und landwirtschaftliche Zwecke auf engerem Raum als während der ersten Siedlungsphasen.
Le mobilier métallique d’époque romaine de "La Vallée de Neuville" à Neuville-Saint-Amand (Aisne)
Authors: Legros Vincent
Published: September 2013

Le corpus du mobilier métallique découvert lors des fouilles de Neuville-Saint-Amand, au lieu-dit " La vallée de Neuville" compte près de 284 objets et fragments. Après un premier examen de ce lot et hormis les 213 clous, 48 objets ont été caractérisés fonctionnellement. La publication de l’étude de cet ensemble est l’occasion de présenter l’environnement matériel d’une occupation d’époque romaine diachronique (seconde moitié du Ier siècle de notre ère et au IVe siècle) à proximité de la cité des Viromanduens. Loin d’être exceptionnel et sans offrir la possibilité d’aborder des problématiques d’ordre spatiale et chronologique, ce corpus nous livre toutefois quelques éléments particuliers dont les analyses typologiques et techniques méritent d’être traitées dans cet article.
Asymmetric allylic alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with α-fluoro-β-keto esters
Authors: Yan Lin , Han Zhiqiang , Zhu Bo , Yang Caiyun , Tan Choon-Hong , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: September 2013

In the presence of a commercially available Cinchona alkaloid as catalyst, the asymmetric allylic alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates, with α-fluoro-β-keto esters as nucleophiles, have been successfully developed. A series of important fluorinated adducts, with chiral quaternary carbon centres containing a fluorine atom, was achieved in good yields (up to 93%), with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee) and moderate diastereoselectivities (up to 4:1 dr).
Un enfoque lógico-gradualista para la bioética
Authors: Ausín Txetxu
Published: September 2013

Prácticamente cualquier propiedad o estado de cosas implicado en el debate bioético —así como en la vida cotidiana y en la mayoría de las ciencias— posee unos límites difusos y comprende casos fronterizos, sin unas líneas de demarcación precisas, como sucede con la eutanasia, el aborto, la investigación con embriones, los híbridos, la experimentación con animales, etc. Sin embargo, existe una profunda discordancia entre una realidad continua y gradual, caracterizada por los matices y las transiciones, una realidad en grises, y una lógica, un análisis descriptivo de esta realidad, bivalente, cifrado entre la verdad absoluta y la completa falsedad, en términos de “todo- o-nada”, blanco o negro. Como alternativa a este ‘principio de bivalencia’ que caracteriza en general el análisis estándar de la realidad y, en particular, de la bioética, sostenemos el ‘principio de gradualidad’ según el cual todo es cuestión de grado, por lo que un enfoque lógico-gradualista sería el método apropiado para la bioética.