bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Research on “Blockchain+Supply Chain” Financing Based on Game Theory Modeling
Authors: Wang Yuting
Published: April 2024

In the 21st century, with globalization and the “Belt and Road” economic activities. As an important financial means, supply chain financing plays a key role in trade transactions between enterprises. Supply chain financing refers to providing financial support and services to different participants in the entire supply chain through financial instruments to meet the financial needs of their production and trade activities. To address the issue of “blockchain+supply chain” financing, specifically in the traditional supply chain, the downstream of the SMEs financing difficulties has been one of the factors plaguing its development. Still, also one of the constraints on the overall supply chain operational efficiency, we use the principles of game theory to establish a game theory model between financial institutions and SMEs and use Matlab software to solve the simulation data. We use the principle of game theory to establish a game theory model between financial institutions and MSMEs, use Matlab software to solve the simulation data and analyze the financial institutions to adopt the “blockchain+supply chain” financing strategy, and MSMEs to adopt the trustworthy strategy so that the two sides can maximize the benefits, and also maximize the benefits for the whole supply side. In addition, the research process and results can provide references for relevant state departments and various social enterprises and organizations.
The loose monetary policy and the housing bubble
Authors: Yin Sizhe
Published: April 2024

This research paper explores whether loose monetary policy has led to a real estate bubble. The background section of the study introduces the current impact of monetary policy on the real estate market and the importance of the formation and bursting of real estate bubbles. The significance of this research lies in understanding the mechanism by which monetary policy affects the formation of real estate bubbles and providing references for relevant policy formulation.
Análise das notificações de hanseníase na Amazônia Legal: um estudo ecológico de série temporal
Authors: Batista Albe Dias , Lima Yasmim Maria Barbosa Vasconcelos , Morgan Bianca Missio , Rocha Carolina Barbosa Oliveira , Araújo Daniel Lopes
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa que compromete a pele e os nervos periféricos e cujo diagnóstico tardio e o não tratamento podem levar a debilidades irreversíveis e a graves injúrias a órgãos, constituindo-se preocupação da saúde pública. Objetivo: analisar o panorama epidemiológico da hanseníase na Amazônia Legal, uma vez que não há estudos nos últimos anos que abordem tal temática. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico ecológico, de série temporal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado mediante coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), compreendendo os anos de 2012 a 2022 nos estados da Amazônia Legal, incluindo as faixas etárias de 1 a 80 anos ou mais. Para o tratamento dos dados, usou-se estatística descritiva. Resultados e Discussão: Apesar de decréscimo no número de notificações, constatou-se grande concentração de casos em dois estados da região e aumento percentual de casos do tipo multibacilar dentre as notificações. Os mais afetados pela doença são homens e adultos de 20 a 59 anos de idade. Conclusão: Dessa forma, é perceptível a importância deste estudo para entender de modo mais acurado o perfil epidemiológico da enfermidade na região, contribuindo para iniciativas de prevenção e combate.
Iluzia păcii în epoca noului Război Rece
Authors:   INSTITUTUL NAȚIONAL PENTRU STUDIUL TOTALITARISMULUI, ABRAHAM FLORIN
Published: April 2024

The article aims to analyse the main features of international relations after Russia's aggression against Ukraine in 2022. The author's hypothesis is that after the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014, the stage of cold peace established at the end of the first Cold War ended, paving the way for the new or second Cold War. This last war shows similarities with the period of the bipolar Soviet-American confrontation, but there are also relevant elements of differentiation: a multipolar rivalry, the decrease in the importance of the ideological factor, the fragmentation of international politics. In the study, the author offers arguments for the relevance of history in understanding the new Cold War. At the end, the article shows that during the new Cold War there were substantial changes in the geopolitical role of Romania, which became a border state with a region of conflict, a situation that has wider political and economic implications.
O instanță extraordinară a justiției române: Tribunalul Poporului, 1945-1947
Authors:   Institutul Naţional pentru Studiul Totalitarismului, Academia Română, Facultatea de Istorie, Universitatea din București, Mironov Alexandru-Murad
Published: April 2024

The People’s Court was an extraordinary tribunal, established by the Romania at the end of the Second World War to try war criminals, those guilty of crimes against humanity and those who had involved Romania in the world conflagration on the side of the defeated camp, causing hundreds of thousands of victims and had brought the country to the brink of destruction. It was established in 1945 and convicted some 657 persons, some of the in absentia. Despite the fact that many of those put on trial were criminals, the Government influenced by Communists used the People’s Court for political repression against their foes.
L’art, l’artiste et la presse:les armes de la propagande et de l’idéologie communiste en Roumanie. L’exposition Flacăra, 1948
Authors:   Université Paris Nanterre, Ianc Alexandra-Clara
Published: April 2024

After the proclamation of the Romanian People’s Republic in December 1947, a new direction in art developed. The Flacăra exhibition marks the beginning of Soviet-style socialist realism, which gradually takes hold of the Romanian art scene. The press played an essential role in the establishment of realism and exercised a particular form of control. The Communist Party realised that art and the press could be a powerful tool to convey the Marxist-Leninist ideology. The article analyses the press discourse on the works presented in Flacăra.
Enver Hoxha’s assessments of the “Romanian factor” against the backdrop of Sino-Albanian relations, 1969-1978
Authors:   Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulunyan Artyom A.
Published: April 2024

The article explores the assessments of Romania’s place and role in regional and international politics in the context of developing Sino-Albanian relations in 1969-1978 in the analysis of Party of Labor of Albania’s (PLA) first secretary, Enver Hoxha (1908-1985). The author concludes that the main interest of the Albanian leader was to determine possibility of informal alliance between the PRC, Romania and Yugoslavia in the Balkans to resist against the USSR, as well as to change the close relations between Tirana and Beijing to similar between latter and Bucharest. Judging by the evolution of Hoxha’s assessments, all of his analyses, in one way or another, actually questioned the establishment of such a tandem that was important to him when the Sino-Albanian relation were permanently coming down.
Hans Bergel și recurența întoarcerii spre România
Authors:   Institutul Naţional pentru Studiul Totalitarismului, Academia Română, Bălănescu Flori
Published: April 2024

This is a review of the book Hans Bergel, Always looking to Romania, by Cosmin Budeancă, Preface by Florian Kührer-Wielach, Afterword by Ana Blandiana, Cultural Foundation „Memoria” Publishing House and MEGA Publishing House, Bucharest – Cluj-Napoca, 2023, 216 p.
Un interes crescând pentru istoria Germaniei naziste?
Authors:   Institutul Naţional pentru Studiul Totalitarismului, Academia Română, Mihai Florin-Răzvan
Published: April 2024

This is a review of five books published by Corint Publishing House in the Collection Corint History on the topic of Nazi regime: Éric Branca, I don't want war! The forgotten Hitler's interviews (1923–1940), 2022; David de Jong, Nazi billionaires. The dark history of the wealthiest German dynasties, 2023; Norman Ohler, Blitzed: Drugs in Nazi Germany, 2023; Sinclair McKay, Dresden. The fire and the darkness, 2023; Thomas Goodrich, Hellstorm. The Death of Nazi Germany, 1944-1947, 2023.
Variațiuni ale socialismului de stat:
Politici familiale în Europa Centrală și de Est în perioada postbelică
Authors:   Institutul Naţional pentru Studiul Totalitarismului, Academia Română, Doboș Corina
Published: April 2024

This is a review of the book Mothers, Families or Children? Family Policy in Poland, Hungary, and Romania, 1945-2020, by Tomasz Inglot, Dorottya Szikra, Cristina Raț, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022, 455 p.
Reflexiones sobre las negociaciones del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Perú y Japón: el camino hacia una relación bilateral fortalecida
Authors: Posada Carlos Esteban
Published: April 2024

Como exviceministro de Comercio Exterior del Perú tuve el privilegio de participar en una de las negociaciones comerciales más importantes de nuestra historia reciente: el Acuerdo de Asociación Económica entre el Perú y Japón, más conocido como TLC Perú-Japón. Este acuerdo, que entró en vigor en 2012, ha tenido un impacto significativo en nuestras economías y ha fortalecido nuestras relaciones bilaterales.
Relaciones comerciales entre Perú y Japón: breve reseña histórica y situación actual
Authors: Osterloh Maria , Aquino Carlos
Published: April 2024

Este artículo describe la relación comercial entre Perú y Japón desde el establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas en 1873. En 1890 se produce la primera inversión japonesa en el exterior en el momento en que un grupo de japoneses llegan a Perú interesados en una mina de plata. La relación comercial entre ambas naciones comenzó años después y Japón llegó a convertirse —entre los años 1960 y comienzos de 1990— en el segundo mayor socio comercial de Perú; y aún es un importante socio comercial (el cuarto más grande), si bien la estructura del comercio entre ambos países sigue siendo la misma. También es un importante inversionista en Perú, principalmente en el sector de recursos naturales.
Más de 100 años de historia comercial entre Perú y Japón
Authors: Leiva Favio
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo presenta la primera compilación de datos sobre comercio entre Perú y Japón entre 1877 y 2022. Su objetivo es detallar las tendencias de largo plazo del comercio internacional entre Perú y Japón, e identificar eventos clave que impactaron su desarrollo. Para cumplir estos objetivos se compila la mayor cantidad de información disponible en los extractos y anuarios estadísticos del Perú, así como los diversos reportes del Perú sobre comercio internacional y algunos reportes japoneses sobre el mismo tema. Para los años donde no hay información disponible se realizan interpolaciones. Se analiza la complejidad de las canastas exportadas e importadas de Perú a y desde Japón recientes y se verifica la alta complejidad de bienes importados de Japón y la baja complejidad de bienes exportados por el Perú a Japón; mostrando el carácter históricamente tradicional de tal relación. La promoción de las industrias requiere promover el libre comercio, pero también una política industrial y una estrategia diplomática consistentes con la participación del Estado, el sector privado y la academia. La Segunda Guerra Mundial fue el evento que tuvo el peor impacto en las relaciones comerciales de Japón y el proceso de deslocalización de inversiones fomentó el comercio entre ambos países luego de ella. Es necesario que el patrón de relaciones entre Perú y Japón vaya más allá del comercio tradicional, sin ponerlo en riesgo, aunque ello suponga un esfuerzo muy grande.
Comunidad nikkei peruana: una larga travesía
Authors: Nakasone Juan Carlos
Published: April 2024

Este 2023 se cumplen 150 años de las relaciones diplomáticas entre Perú y Japón, que se establecieron en 1873 con la firma del Tratado Preliminar de Paz, Amistad, Comercio y Navegación. Este acuerdo propiciaría el posterior proceso migratorio de japoneses al Perú que se inició sólo unos años después, en 1899. A casi 125 años de la llegada masiva de inmigrantes japoneses para trabajar en las haciendas de la Costa peruana, la comunidad nikkei está integrada al país y es parte de su diversidad étnica y cultural.
La inteligencia artificial y su eventual uso en trámites consulares
Authors: Dávila Elguera Dáel Carlos
Published: April 2024

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el posible impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la gestión de algunas funciones consulares como son el registro de identidad, poderes y legalizaciones, y la emisión de documentos de viaje e identidad. En la primera parte, se describe el avance y roles de la inteligencia artificial. En la segunda parte, se hace un análisis sobre cómo la inteligencia artificial podría ser implementada para automatizar las referidas funciones consulares. En la tercera parte, se contrasta el uso de la inteligencia artificial, considerando aspectos éticos y de seguridad de la información que son realizados por un funcionario consular. La conclusión es que la inteligencia artificial no puede suplir la labor de un funcionario consular, pero su adecuado uso podría agilizar los trámites consulares, siempre bajo la supervisión humana.
Inteligencia artificial en la carrera de las potencias: desafíos y oportunidades para el equilibrio de poder internacional
Authors: Guerra Huapalla Gianna Melany
Published: April 2024

El artículo analiza el papel cada vez más relevante que la inteligencia artificial (IA) está desempeñando en la competencia entre las potencias mundiales. Explora cómo el avance tecnológico en IA está generando desafíos y oportunidades en la competencia a nivel global. Se examinan las implicaciones geopolíticas, la influencia en la seguridad global y cómo la IA está moldeando la dinámica de la política exterior entre las principales naciones. Además, se discuten las estrategias que los Estados están adoptando para aprovechar el potencial de la IA y así mantener su posición en la escena mundial, mientras se enfrentan a los desafíos éticos y de seguridad que esta tecnología conlleva.
La hoja de ruta del sesquicentenario: relanzamiento de la asociación estratégica bilateral con Japón
Authors: Seminario Roberto
Published: April 2024

El artículo conmemora el 150 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre el Perú y Japón, explorando su evolución histórica y las perspectivas para el futuro. Inicia contextualizando este hito en las transformaciones políticas y sociales en ambos países en la década de 1870. Destaca la cooperación cultural, como la misión arqueológica japonesa en el Perú y la investigación en las líneas de Nazca. Además, resalta la movilidad humana y la comunidad nikkei, así como las relaciones económico-comerciales y el fortalecimiento del diálogo político. Concluye enfatizando la voluntad de ambas naciones para una colaboración más profunda y amplia en el futuro.
Strategi Pemasaran Layanan Jasa Tabungan Pada Masa Pandemi: Studi Kasus PT Bank Negara Indonesia KCP. Poso
Authors: Roncalangi Vera , Walenta Abdi Sakti , Taariwuan Silvany Annajde
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang strategi pemasaran layanan jasa tabungan pada masa pandemi pada PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) KCP Poso. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menitik beratkan data penelitian pada informasi kunci yang berkaitan dengan strategi pemasaran layanan jasa tabungan pada masa pandemi. Konsep Strategi pemasaranpada PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) KCP Poso terpusat pada produk, harga, promosi dan lokasi perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah terdapat beberapa masalah atau kendala yang terjadi di saat masa pandemic. Namun PT Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) Kcp Poso memiliki strategi tersendiri untuk tetap mempertahankan dan meningkatkan layanan dan jumlah nasabah tabungan diBNI Poso. Untuk meningkatkan strategi pemasaran layanan jasa tabungan pada masa pandemic PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) KCP Poso menggunakan beberapa komponen dalam melaksanakan strategi pemasaran yaitu 4P atau biasa terdiri dari produk, harga, tempat dan promosi. Dari semua usaha yang telah dilakukan, strategi paling berpengaruh pada masa pandemic yaitu memanfaatkandigitalisasi perbankan dan media sosial, mmeningkatkan fitur-fitur yang dapat mempermudah nasabah melakukan transaksi tanpa harus ke BNI Poso. Dengan demikian maka strategi telah berjalan seperti yang di inginkan dan jumlah nasabah tidak berpengaruh dengan adanya pandemic sehingga setiap tahun tetap mengalami peningkatan nasabah.
Analisis Budidaya, Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Usaha Lebah Madu Trigona di Desa Kele’i Kecamatan Pamona Timur
Authors: Petuda Betrin , Taariwuan Silvany Annajde , Sangkide Marthen
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari budidaya, pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha lebah madu trigona di desa Kele’i Kecamatan Pamona Timur Kabupaten Poso. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat yang membudidayakan lebah madu Trigona dengan jumlah 20 orang. Dikarenakan usaha lebah madu trigona ini homogen maka sampel ditentukan menggunakan purposive sampling yaitu dengan memilih secara sengaja dua orang pembudidaya lebah madu trigona. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan perhitungan pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan budidaya lebah madu trigona di Desa Kele’i Kecamatan Pamona Timur dari 2 responden yang diteliti, responden AL memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp 3.679.125 dan responden YD memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp 2.695.667. Hasil analisis tingkat kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa responden AL B/C rasio 4,48 perolehan angka lebih besar dari 1, dan responden YD B/C rasio 2,23. Perolehan angka tersebut lebih besar dari 1 sehingga pengelolaan budidaya lebah madu trigona yang ada di Desa Kele’i Kecamatan Pamona Timur, sangat layak dan sangat menguntungkan untuk terus dijalankan dan dikembangkan.
O Olhar Revela o Cérebro
Authors: Agrela Fabiano de Abreu , Avila Elodia , Chaves Carvalho Luiz Felipe
Published: April 2024

No contexto deste manuscrito, empreende-se uma odisséia intelectual nas profundezas das neurociências, focalizando a interseção entre comportamentos oculares e as subestruturas neurobiológicas que os sustentam. Esta jornada acadêmica se desdobra em uma tríade de investigações especializadas: a primeira se aprofunda na dinâmica operacional do córtex visual, analisando o processamento de estímulos visuais de complexidades variáveis através de técnicas avançadas como neuroimagem por tensor de difusão e mapeamento de potenciais evocados visuais. A segunda vertente explora a biomecânica e a neurofisiologia dos movimentos sacádicos, enfatizando sua função na modulação da percepção visual e na integração de estímulos visuo-espaciais, com base em dados quantitativos de latência e amplitude sacádica. O terceiro aspecto mergulha na esfera da genética comportamental, investigando a influência de polimorfismos genéticos específicos no comportamento ocular, correlacionando perfis genéticos com variações fenotípicas em uma abordagem de genômica funcional. Esta sinergia de abordagens metodológicas culmina em uma nova compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes à comunicação não verbal e aos processos cognitivos intrincados, delineando aplicações emergentes na psicologia cognitiva e no aprimoramento de tecnologias de rastreamento ocular baseadas em IA.
Effectiveness of Exemption Measure in Providing Healthcare Services among Old People in Tanzania: The case of Kasulu District
Authors: Ntahosanzwe Minani , Rwegoshora Hossea
Published: April 2024

The study aimed at assessing effectiveness of exemption measure in providing healthcare services for old people in public hospitals in Tanzania. The study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Kasulu district in Kigoma using cross sectional descriptive research design. The total number of respondents engaged in this study was 323. These included 304 old people, four medical doctors, eight nurses, one district medical officer and six social workers. Data were collected by using questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, observation and documentary review. Qualitative data was analyzed by using thematic method while quantitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to obtain frequencies, percentages and statistical measures for triangulation purposes. Study findings revealed that exemption measure was partially implemented and less effective. Healthcare services in public hospitals were not easily accessible for old people under exemption measure. The major challenges affecting exemption measure is lack of essential medicine, bureaucratic procedures in executing exemption process and unofficial payments. The study hereby recommends that the government should enact law to enforce implementation of exemption and increase budget allocation to the health sector so as to increase availability of medicine and diagnostic instruments in public hospitals. Further, since the scope of the study was limited to Kasulu district; there is a need to conduct country survey to assess effectiveness of exemption measure in providing healthcare services for old people in Tanzania.
Non Formal Education and Poverty Reduction in Tanzania: A Case Study of Catholic Nuns’ Institutions in Kilimanjaro Region
Authors: Kweka Fulgensia , Kahangwa George
Published: April 2024

This paper is based on a study that examines how Catholic Nun’s institutions (CNIs) use non formal education (NFE) to reduce poverty in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. The article analyzes how CNIs provide NFE to bring about social development in Kilimanjaro communities. The study employed the theory of Constructivism to ascertain participatory and collaborative methods as principles of teaching youths and adults in CNIs. The study revealed that after attainment of independence in Tanzania, missionary institutions were also obliged to adhere to government's education policy and regulations in their running of educational institutions. Such changes made CNIs form another way of providing non-formal education. Furthermore, due to technological advancement, the changes in teaching methodology ushered in the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This caused CNIs to face lack of qualified and enough teachers. Lack of NFE therefore is the source of missing self-employment and confidence to create new skills for reducing poverty. The study concludes that NFE provided by CNIs in Kilimanjaro communities have been supportive to social development. The study insists that CNIs should upgrade their provision of non-formal education which can bring economic changes and facilitate the achievement of high standards of life in Kilimanjaro and elsewhere.
Factors affecting ability and willingness of community members to enrol Improved Community Health Fund in Dodoma and Iringa regions
Authors: Mbanga Edward , Mutasa Felician , Ngaruko Deus D. , Kahamba Samwel
Published: April 2024

Financial protection has been recognised as an important element within the  healthcare  financing   system   of   many  low   and   middle-income countries. Pre-payment schemes have been advocated as a means of curbing high out of pocket expenditure and achieving universal health coverage.  A  number  of  financing  reforms  have  been  taking  place, however   there   is   a   limited   rigorous   contextual   evidence   on   the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the recently Improved Community Health Fund (iCHF) in Tanzania. The study took place in district councils of Dodoma  and  Iringa  regions.  Data  were  collected  from  a  household survey conducted in 2021. Contingent valuation methodology was used to elicit households’ the willing to pay (WTP) for iCHF premium using the bidding game technique. In addition, the relationship between WTP and other socio-economic variables was examined using logistic regression models. Majority 88% respondents said they will repay their package after expiry considering the quality of the services provided by health insurance. The results showed a statistically significant negative relationship 0.526 (p = 0.034) between household aged above 55 years of age and WTP. More specifically, as age increases above 55 years, the likelihood to pay for health insurance premium decreases. We also found a positive statistically significant relationship 1.882 (p = 0.034) between the household with small business and   WTP,   which suggest   the individuals with small business are in a better position to pay for iCHF premium compared to those with formal employment. It is important to educate the households to raise awareness about the benefits of being a member of insurance scheme in both formal and informal sector. The households should be encouraged to formalize their small business, this will improve their income and enrolment into the insurance schemes. The benefit packages should be revised to fit the need of the people as WTP was also influenced by the nature of the packages.
COVID-19 Pandemic in Pre-Primary Children in Tanzania: Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Shavega Theresia Julius , Mabagala Daphina Libent
Published: April 2024

This study aimed at exploring challenges faced by pre-primary children during COVID-19 pandemic and the strategies adapted to help them to cope with the pandemic in a Tanzanian context. Fifteen parents whose children were in pre-primary schools were interviewed through mobile phones on the challenges faced children and the strategies used to help their children cope with COVID 19 pandemic. The main challenges reported were loneliness and inactiveness. Majority of the parents could not device strategies that would help their children cope with the pandemic but reported to connect their children with the media such as educative cartoons. Based on the findings, it is recommended that necessary measures should be taken to empower parents to stimulate, play, communicate, and support their children’s learning at home.  Guidance should be provided to parents on how to engage their children in age-appropriate ways in order to develop literacy and numeracy skills at home.
English language Pedagogical Content Knowledge of English Language Beginner Teachers in Tanzania: A reflection to English language teaching method course in Tanzania Universities
Authors: Kipanda Joyce , Maro Wadrine
Published: April 2024

This study explored English language Pedagogical Content Knowledge of secondary school English language beginner teachers in Tanzania on the aspects of self-perceived knowledge, understanding, and classroom teaching practices regarding English language PCK domains namely; English language teaching orientations, English language curriculum materials, English language learners’ learning and English language instructional strategies. A total of 128 secondary school English language beginner teachers were involved from Dar es secondary schools. Simple random sampling and convenient sampling techniques were employed to obtain English language, beginner teachers. Data were collected by using a questionnaire method, semi-structured interview method, documentary review method, and observation method. The analysis of the data revealed that English language beginner teachers' conceptions regarding English language pedagogical content knowledge are partly. This is because despite English language beginner teachers self-perceive as highly knowledgeable and demonstrating good understanding regarding English language PCK, their actual classroom teaching practices are not appropriate. The study concludes that more opportunities should be given through English language teaching method courses during teacher preparation for student teachers to practice teaching activities in the respective PCK domains.
Effectiveness of Offline Video-Based Biology Instructional Materials on Students’ Performance in Secondary Schools
Authors: Nihuka Kassimu A. , Matemu Fides P.
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of offline video-based instructional materials in enhancing students’ academic performance in biology lessons in selected secondary schools in Dar es Salaam. The study used holistic multiple case study and quasi-experimental research designs to collect both qualitative and quantitative data using structured questionnaires, interviews and tests. A total of 2 teachers from school A and school B (i.e. one from each school) and 168 students (i.e. 84 from each school) were purposively selected to participate in the study. Analysis by SPSS and data reduction techniques have revealed that offline video-based instructional materials are effective in enhancing students’ academic performance in biology in the experimental groups from both schools (P=0.0001) and made students quite positive about learning biology (89.3%) - 97.6%,). As perceived by students, the enhanced academic performance is the result of improved classroom interactions due to the materials. Specifically, the use of offline video-based instructional materials improved interactions between students and biology teachers, amongst students through group activities and between students and the learning resources. Furthermore, the materials enhanced students’ interest in biology (94.0%), and understanding of concepts (92.9%) and made them retain more biology concepts (94.1%). Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations for policy, action and future research are suggested.
Assessment of Teaching Approaches Employed by Teachers in Teaching Students with Visual Impairment in Tanzania Inclusive Secondary Schools
Authors: Msoka Paul , Possi Mwajabu A. K. , Rushahu Bernadetha G.
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the teaching approaches employed by secondary school teachers teaching in inclusive classrooms incorporating students with visual impairment in Tanzania. The aim of the study was to find out the extent to which the approaches suited the students’ learning needs. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, employing a single case research design. Purposive sampling procedures were employed to obtain a sample of 24 respondents. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and documentary reviews. The collected data were analyzed through thematic data analysis procedures and presented using descriptions, tables and charts. The findings have revealed that some of the teaching approaches executed by teachers accommodated the learning needs of students with visual impairment, while others did not. It is recommended that teachers should adapt teaching approaches that suit students with visual impairment. Further, the government should organize more regular trainings and professional development courses for raising teachers’ awareness on inclusive issues.
Examining the Benefits and Challenges of the Diversion Programme as a Mechanism to Enhancing Juvenile Justice Administration in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Chanila Daudi Simon , Buhori Johnas Amon
Published: April 2024

This study is informed by goal number four, target one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), on the increase of accessible, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education by 2030. The intended outcome of this goal cannot be achieved in Tanzania when juveniles who fall in conflict with the law are left out of the mainstream of education. The study utilized a cross-sectional design, which embraces the qualitative approach. Its data were obtained through purposeful sampling techniques (convenient and snowballing sampling), in which twenty-eighty respondents participated. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The ATLAS.ti 9 software was employed during qualitative data analysis. The main findings reveal that the diversion programme effectively addresses juveniles' educational needs and mitigates associated stigma and retribution. Furthermore, it helps in amicably solving the juveniles' problem due to assessment of individual juveniles, generating suitable tailor-made interventions. Challenges obtained were that police officers still used much force during the arrest, and some would demand bribes; the traditional system was lengthy and cumbersome; there was a shortage of workforce and buildings; limited financial resources and equipment; and some juveniles and actors did not know the programme. The article concludes that the diversion programme is vital to achieving education for all as envisaged by the SDGs. It further recommends capacity building to all social actors on the importance of diversion, mobilization of resources, and researchers should be encouraged to conduct studies in JJA, in particular indigenous models and practice of the diversion programme.
Diseño de herramienta tecnológica DALMAPp para atender la discapacidad auditiva y desarrollar contenidos de la lengua materna primero de primaria para el USAER No.77 en Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla
Authors:   Secretaría de Educación Publica, Sánchez Texis Paloma , Flores Aguilera Glenda Mirtala ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: April 2024

La propuesta tuvo como objetivo diseñar un producto tecnológico educativo para apoyar el aprendizaje de alumnos con discapacidad auditiva para la materia Lengua Materna de nivel primaria en el primer grado. La problemática a apoyar con dicha herramienta fue coadyuvar con los aprendizajes esperados del campo formativo de Lengua Materna en primero de Primaria, con la población en comento. La institución donde se contextualiza el proyecto es la Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo a la Educación Regular (USAER) N°77 del estado de Puebla, en el municipio de Izúcar de Matamoros.
تأثير البنتوكسيفيلين على أنسجة الكلى وبعض المعايير الكيموحيوية في إناث الجرذان البيضاء
Authors: عبد ريم , رشيد أ.م.د منى صلاح
Published: April 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد تأثير البنتوكسيفيلين على البنية النسجية والكيميائية للكلى في الجرذان البيضاء الإناث. تم إعطاء مجموعتين من الجرذان بنتوكسيفيلين بمقدار 52.9 ملغ/كغ و 105 ملغ/كغ على التوالي، بالإضافة إلى مجموعة سيطرة تم إعطاؤها محلول ملحي طبيعي، وتم تقسيم كل من هذه المجموعات واستخدمت جرذان بيضاء، وتم إعطاؤها عن طريق الفم لمدة 20 يومًا متتاليًا. أظهرت النتائج بعض التأثيرات الهيكلية على أنسجة الكلى، حيث ظهرت كمية 52.9 ملغ/كغ في القشرة في المجموعة الثانية، بالإضافة إلى تساقط طبقة بطانة الأنابيب البولية مع وجود ترسبات، ونخر الخلايا الكلوية وانتشار الخلايا الالتهابية. كما أظهرت الدراسة وجود خلايا الألياف النسيجية في النقي بتساقط بطانة البول مع نخر الخلايا البولية. في المجموعة الثالثة (105 ملغ/كغ)، كان هناك تساقط لطبقة بطانة الأنابيب البولية، ونخر لخلايا الأنبوب البولي مع وجود خلايا الألياف النسيجية، مع استمرار مستويات الكرياتينين واليوريا ضمن الحدود الطبيعية.
Documentation for Orthopaedic Surgery: An Audit to Ensure Compliance with the Most Recent Guidelines
Authors: Khan Yameena Noman , Mala Ali , Panhwer Shahbaz Khan
Published: April 2024

Background: Consistent and thorough documentation in orthopaedic surgery is critical for ensuring quality patient care and protecting the legal interests of surgeons. Adherence to the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) guidelines is fundamental to achieving this. However, studies have identified a persistent deficiency in compliance with these guidelines across various surgical specialities.
Objective: The audit aimed to evaluate the existing compliance of orthopaedic surgical documentation with RCS guidelines at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital and to implement a tool to improve documentation practices.
Methods: A closed-loop, two-cycle audit was conducted. The first cycle retrospectively analysed 200 surgical notes from January to July 2023, using a standardized operation sheet to assess compliance with RCS guidelines. Identified deficiencies were addressed by introducing an aide-memoir in all orthopaedic operating rooms. The second cycle prospectively analysed 100 surgical notes from August to October 2023 to evaluate the impact of the intervention.
Results: The initial audit revealed a 0% compliance rate in documenting the date, time, and type of surgery (elective or emergency). Following interventions, the second cycle showed significant improvements, with compliance rates rising to 100% for date and time, and to 87% for identifying the surgery type. Additional documentation parameters such as the recording of the assistant's name and incision details also improved, though exact numerical increases were not specified.
Conclusion: Introducing an aide-memoir significantly enhanced compliance with RCS surgical documentation guidelines. This simple, effective tool facilitated a remarkable improvement in the quality of operative notes, underscoring the need for regular audits and potential integration of electronic documentation systems.
Sonographic Association between Hepatic Steatosis Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Swabi Women
Authors: Khan Shadab , Zubair Muhammad , Rehman Ayesha , Zahid Iqra , Gulali Sadaf Saba , Yousafzai Shumaila , Khan Maaz
Published: April 2024

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with significant implications for their fertility and metabolic health. Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Disease (NAHSD), or fatty liver disease, has been increasingly recognized as a comorbidity in women with PCOS, suggesting a possible interrelation between these conditions that warrants further investigation.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between NAHSD and PCOS among women in the Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with an emphasis on understanding the prevalence and sonographic characteristics of these conditions in the affected population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Mahaban Medical and Research Hospital, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. The study included 86 women with a history of irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea. Sonographic examinations were performed using a Toshiba prime ultrasound machine with convex (3.0—5.0 MHz) and linear (7.0—14.0 MHz) transducers. Clinical and sonographic data pertaining to PCOS and NAHSD were collected, including ovarian volume and liver echogenicity grading. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean age of participants was 27.5 ± 4.8 years. The mean ovarian volumes were 11.52 ml (right ovary) and 10.80 ml (left ovary). The prevalence of NAHSD in our study cohort was 46.5%. Furthermore, hirsutism was observed in 22.1% of the patients. A significant association between the presence of NAHSD and PCOS was identified, with higher rates of hepatic steatosis observed among the PCOS patients compared to those without PCOS.
Conclusion: The findings from this study underscore a significant association between NAHSD and PCOS among women in the Swabi district, suggesting that women with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing fatty liver disease. This association highlights the need for comprehensive screening and management strategies to address these comorbid conditions effectively.
B-Mode Sonography Versus Color Doppler Twinkling Artifact in the Diagnosis of Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Gulzar Laraib , Zubair Muhammad , Tariq Maryam , Tahir Faryal , Ahmad Ayesha , Wareed Zarvish , Khan Maaz
Published: April 2024

Background: Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, is a prevalent condition that prompts numerous patient visits to emergency departments worldwide. The diagnosis of this condition and its complications, such as hydronephrosis, has traditionally relied on various imaging modalities, with ultrasound being a primary, non-invasive option. Recent advancements, including the utilization of the color Doppler twinkling artifact, have potentially enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound for nephrolithiasis.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of B-mode sonography and the color Doppler twinkling artifact in the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis and to compare their sensitivity in detecting renal stones and associated hydronephrosis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Mahaban Medical and Research Hospital, Topi, Pakistan, from December 2023 to March 2024. Seventy patients presenting with flank pain and aged above 18 years were enrolled. Sonographic examinations were performed using a TOSHIBA Xario Prime ultrasound machine. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, focusing on the presence of renal stones and hydronephrosis as detected by B-mode sonography and the color Doppler twinkling artifact.
Results: Of the 70 patients studied, renal stones were detected in 70% (n=49) via the color Doppler twinkling artifact, while 30% (n=21) showed no stones. Hydronephrosis was observed in 30% (n=21) of patients, with an equal distribution between the left and right kidneys. The mean age of participants was 34.56 years, with a gender distribution of 62.9% male and 37.1% female. The twinkling artifact demonstrated a 100% sensitivity in identifying renal calculi among patients presenting with flank pain.
Conclusion: The color Doppler twinkling artifact, when used alongside B-mode sonography, provides a highly sensitive diagnostic tool for nephrolithiasis, underscoring its potential as a primary imaging modality in the evaluation of patients with suspected renal stones. This study highlights the importance of ultrasound in the early detection and management of kidney stones, offering significant implications for improving patient care in healthcare settings lacking advanced imaging technologies.
Televisión lineal a digital: Operación Triunfo, adaptación a redes sociales y streaming
Authors: Caffarel-Rodríguez Barbara , Oliva Gordillo Rita
Published: April 2024

A través de este estudio se realiza un análisis sobre cómo el consumo de televisión lineal se traslada a las redes sociales. La proliferación de plataformas digitales y el crecimiento de las redes, ha provocado una transformación en la manera en la que interactúan los nuevos espectadores. Operación Triunfo 2023 es un ejemplo que se adapta a esa transformación y que se reinventa como cambio en el paradigma de entretenimiento para plataforma
Frecuencia y Tipología del Segundo Conducto Mesiovestibular en Primeros Molares Superiores
Authors: Labarta Alicia Beatriz , Chero J , Garate Muñoz N , Garate M , Palacios Arcentales A M , Loyola Flores A , Rodríguez P A
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: Evaluar mediante microscopia quirúrgica la presencia del segundo conducto mesiovestibular (MV2) en el piso de la cámara pulpar de los primeros molares superiores, determinar su abordabilidad, establecer el calibre de lima que llegó al tercio apical y tipificar radiovisiográficamente su morfología según la clasificación de Weine. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 48 primeros molares superiores humanos extraídos. Sé tomaron radiovisografías preoperatorias (Carestream 5200) en sentido orto radial y mesio-distal. Se realizó apertura y se localizó entrada del MV2 con microscopio quirúrgico (Newton MEC XXI, Argentina) a 16 x. Se cateterizó MV1 y MV2 con limas tipo K #10 y #15 (Dentsply Maillefer). Se cortó raíz distovestibular para mejorar visualización radiovisográfica. Se tomó conductometria en sentido mesio-distal para establecer la tipología. Se compararon frecuencias y porcentajes mediante test de Chi-cuadrado con corrección de Yates, prueba exacta de Fisher y test z para diferencia de proporciones. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza 95% para porcentajes mediante método score de Wilson. Resultados: El 54% (26 casos) presentó MV2. De los 26 MV2, el 77% (20 casos) fueron abordables, porcentaje significativamente mayor al 23% no abordable (z=3,62; P<0,05). Al hacer cateterismo, hubo asociación significativa entre tipo de conducto (MV1 y MV2) y calibre de lima que llegó al tercio apical (Chi-cuadrado=29,12; gl=1; P<0,05). La tipología I (58%) fue significativamente mayor que las tipologías II (21%) y III (21%) (P<0,05 para ambas comparaciones). Conclusión: El alto porcentaje de piezas que presentó MV2 evidencia la importancia clínica de detectarlo y tratarlo correctamente. Dado el alto porcentaje de piezas donde fue abordable, se concluye que el clínico debe tener conocimiento, destreza y la tecnología necesaria para poder abordarlo. Si bien la tipología I (58%) fue la más encontrada, cuando el MV2 termina en foramen independiente (tipo III), su omisión puede conducir al fracaso del tratamiento.
Relationship Between Attitude Towards Euthanasia and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Lal Bakhsh Zuhra , Yaseen Muhammad
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research was to examine the relationship between attitudes toward euthanasia and perceived social support. The study also identified gender differences and their attitude towards social support. It was a cross-sectional correlation research. The sample size was 200, and the data was collected from a general population of male and female university students through a questionnaire of Attitudes Towards Euthanasia-ATE and Perceived Social Support-PSS along with an informed consent form and a demographic sheet. The study significantly highlighted a negative correlation between ATE and PSS. It predicted that social support would be stronger, and people would receive it from family members to maintain their lives instead of terminating it. Social support was a primary source to help the patients mitigate their attitude towards euthanasia. Due to gender differences, the women received less social support, and the score on the scale of attitude toward euthanasia differs among men and women. Society, parents, family, and other peer members should be supportive to help the patient maintain their life and daily functioning.
In the Shadow of Justice: Human Rights Implications of Criminal Acts
Authors: Kanwel Sidra , Imran Khan Muhammad , Asghar Usman
Published: April 2024

This research article delves into the intricate interplay between criminality and human rights violations within legal frameworks. This research scrutinizes how criminal acts, ranging from petty offenses to egregious crimes, cast a pervasive shadow over the landscape of justice and individual liberties. This article illuminates the multifaceted ways criminal behavior intersects with fundamental human rights principles by examining case studies, legislative measures, and international conventions. It explores the challenges posed by balancing the imperatives of law enforcement with the protection of civil liberties, emphasizing the need for nuanced approaches that safeguard human dignity amidst the pursuit of justice. Additionally, the article investigates the role of legal systems in addressing systemic injustices and promoting accountability for human rights violations perpetrated through criminal means. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study seeks to contribute to scholarly discourse on the complex dynamics between criminality, justice, and human rights, ultimately advocating for policies and practices that uphold the rights and dignity of all individuals within the realm of law.