bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative approaches to standard inpatient mental health care: development of a typology of service models
Authors: Griffiths Jessica , Baldwin Helen , Vasikaran Jerusaa , Jarvis Ruby , Pillutla Ramya , Saunders Katherine R. K. , Cooper Ruth , Foye Una , Rains Luke Sheridan , Lusted-Challen Molly , Barnett Phoebe , Brennan Geoff , Pryjmachuk Steven , Newbigging Karen , Lomani Jo , Olive Rachel Rowan , Mitchell Lizzie , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Lynch Chris , Persaud Karen , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Simpson Alan , Johnson Sonia
Published: December 2023

Background

Inpatient mental health care is a challenging component of the mental health services system, with frequent reports of negative and coercive experiences and doubts about its therapeutic value. As such, alternative approaches for individuals experiencing a mental health crisis are highly desirable. This research aimed to identify models which offer an alternative to standard inpatient mental health care across all age groups, both nationally and internationally, and to develop a typology for these alternative models.

Methods

A dual literature search and expert consultation research methodology was adopted to identify relevant models. Three typologies of models were developed according to age group and acuity, including: alternatives to standard acute inpatient services for adults; alternatives to longer-stay inpatient services for adults, including rehabilitation and forensic inpatient services; and alternatives to standard inpatient services for children and young people.

Results

We identified an array of service models in each typology, some in community settings, some hospital-based and some working across settings. Models varied greatly in characteristics, extent of implementation and supporting evidence.

Conclusions

Through this mapping exercise, we have developed three novel typologies of alternatives to standard inpatient care. A range of community-based, hospital-based and cross-setting approaches were identified. The identification of services providing inpatient care in a substantially different way to the standard suggests that some improvements could be provided within existing structures. Potential inequities in access to alternatives were identified for certain groups, such as people who are compulsorily detained, younger children and young people transitioning between children’s and adult services. These typologies can inform future description, evaluation and comparison of different service models. This research also yields some key considerations for the design, development and implementation of alternative mental health service models and service arrays.
Challenges With Segmenting Intraoperative Ultrasound For Brain Tumours
Authors: Weld Alistair , Dixon Luke , Anichini Giulio , Patel Neekhil , Nimer Amr , Dyck Michael , O’Neill Kevin , Lim Adrian , Giannarou Stamatia , Camp Sophie
Published: December 2023

Objective

Addressing the challenges that come with identifying and delineating brain tumours in intraoperative ultrasound. Our goal is to both qualitatively and quantitatively assess the interobserver variation, amongst experienced neuro-oncological intraoperative ultrasound users (neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists), in detecting and segmenting brain tumours on ultrasound. We then propose that, due to the inherent challenges of this task, annotation by localisation of the entire tumour mass with a bounding box could serve as an ancillary solution to segmentation for clinical training, encompassing margin uncertainty and the curation of large datasets.

Methods

30 ultrasound images of brain lesions in 30 patients were annotated by 4 annotators - 1 neuroradiologist and 3 neurosurgeons. The annotation variation of the 3 neurosurgeons was first measured, and then the annotations of each neurosurgeon were individually compared to the neuroradiologist’s, which served as a reference standard as their segmentations were further refined by cross-reference to the preoperative MRI. The following statistical metrics were used: Intersection Over Union, Sørensen-Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance. These annotations were then converted into bounding boxes for the same evaluation.

Results

There was a moderate level of interobserver variance between the neurosurgeons [IoU:0.789, DSC:0.876, HD:103.227] and a larger level of variance when compared against the MRI-informed reference standard annotations by the neuroradiologist, mean across annotators [IoU:0.723, DSC:0.813, HD:115.675]. After converting the segments to bounding boxes, all metrics improve, most significantly, the interquartile range drops by [IoU:37%, DSC:41%, HD:54%].

Conclusion

This study highlights the current challenges with detecting and defining tumour boundaries in neuro-oncological intraoperative brain ultra-Sound. We then show that bounding box annotation could serve as a useful complementary approach for both clinical and technical reasons.
Diagnostic testing preferences can help inform future public health response efforts: global insights from an international survey
Authors: Salzano Leah , Narayanan Nithya , Tobik Emily R. , Akbarzada Sumaira , Wu Yanjun , Megiel Sarah , Choate Brittany , Wyllie Anne L.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Public perception regarding clinical diagnostic sample types as well as personal experiences can influence willingness to test. As such, public preferences for specific sample type(s) should be used to inform diagnostic and surveillance testing programs to improve public health response efforts. To understand where preferences lie, we conducted an international survey regarding sample types used for SARS-CoV-2 tests.

Methods

A Qualtrics survey regarding SARS-CoV-2 testing preferences was distributed via social media and email. The survey collected preferences regarding test sample types and key demographic data. Python was used to analyze survey responses.

Results

From March 30th to June 15th, 2022, 2,094 responses were collected from 125 countries. Participants were 55% female and predominantly aged 25-34 years (27%). Education and employment were skewed: 51% had graduate degrees, 26% had bachelor’s degrees, 27% were scientists/researchers, and 29% were healthcare workers. By rank sum analysis, the most preferred sample type globally was the oral swab, followed by saliva, with parents/guardians preferring saliva-based testing for children. Respondents indicated a higher degree of trust in PCR testing (84%) vs. rapid antigen testing (36%). Preferences for self- or healthcare worker-collected sampling varied across regions.

Conclusions

This international survey identified a preference for oral sample types when testing for SARS-CoV-2. Notably, respondents indicated that if they could be assured that all sample types performed equally, then saliva was preferred. Overall, survey responses reflected the region-specific testing experiences during the COVID-19. Public preferences should be considered when designing future response efforts to increase utilization, with oral sample types providing a practical option for large-scale, accessible diagnostic testing.
Sex Differences and Role of Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 (LOXL2) in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Wang Huilei , Yus Marta Martinez , Brady Travis , Choi Rira , Nandakumar Kavitha , Smith Logan , Jang Rosie , Wodu Bulouere Princess , Almodiel Jose Diego , Stoddart Laila , Kim Deok-Ho , Steppan Jochen , Santhanam Lakshmi
Published: December 2023

Background

Hypertension, a disease with known sexual dimorphism, accelerates aging associated arterial stiffening, in part due to the activation of matrix remodeling caused by increased biomechanical load. In this study, we tested the effect of biological sex and the role of the matrix remodeling enzyme lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) in hypertension induced arterial stiffening.

Methods

Angiotensin II (Ang II) was delivered using osmotic pumps inLoxl2+/-and WT male and female mice. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured noninvasively to assess hypertension and aortic stiffness. Wire myography and uniaxial tensile testing were used to test aortic vasoreactivity and mechanical properties. Aortic wall composition was examined by histology and Western blotting. The effect of biomechanical strain on LOXL2 expression and secretion by vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC) was evaluated by uniaxial cyclic stretching of cultured cells. The role of LOXL2’s catalytic function on VSMC alignment in response to mechanical loading was determined with LOXL2 inhibition and knockout.

Results

Ang II infusion induced hypertension in WT andLoxl2+/-mice of both sexes and increased PWV in WT males but not inLoxl2+/-males, WT females, orLoxl2+/-females. LOXL2 depletion protected males from Ang II mediated potentiation of vasoconstriction but worsened in females and improved aortic mechanical properties in both sexes. Histological analysis showed increased aortic wall thickness in hypertensive WT males but not females and increased intralamellar distance in both sexes, that was ameliorated in Loxl2+/- mice. Western blotting revealed increased collagen I, decreased collagen IV, and increased LOXL2 accumulation and processing in hypertensive mice. Hypertensive cyclic strain contributed to LOXL2 upregulation in the cell-derived matrix in VSMCs but not ECs. LOXL2’s catalytic function facilitated VSMC alignment in response to biomechanical strain.

Conclusions

In males, arterial stiffening in hypertension is driven both by VSMC response and matrix remodeling. Females exhibit a delayed onset of Ang II-induced hypertension with minimal ECM remodeling but with VSMC dysfunction. LOXL2 depletion ameliorates arterial stiffening and preserves functional contractility and aortic structure in male hypertensive mice. LOXL2 depletion improves aortic mechanics but worsens aortic contractility in hypertensive females. VSMCs are the primary source of LOXL2 in the aorta and hypertension increases LOXL2 processing and shifts to collagen I accumulation. Overall, LOXL2 depletion offers protection in young hypertensive males and females.
In situ characterization of stresses, deformation and fracture of thin films using transmission X-ray nanodiffraction microscopy
Authors: Lotze Gudrun , Iyer Anand H. S. , Bäcke Olof , Kalbfleisch Sebastian , Colliander Magnus Hörnqvist
Published: December 2023

The use of hard X-ray transmission nano- and microdiffraction to perform in situ stress and strain measurements during deformation has recently been demonstrated and used to investigate many thin film systems. Here a newly commissioned sample environment based on a commercially available nanoindenter is presented, which is available at the NanoMAX beamline at the MAX IV synchrotron. Using X-ray nanoprobes of around 60–70 nm at 14–16 keV and a scanning step size of 100 nm, we map the strains, stresses, plastic deformation and fracture during nanoindentation of industrial coatings with thicknesses in the range of several micrometres, relatively strong texture and large grains. The successful measurements of such challenging samples illustrate broad applicability. The sample environment is openly accessible for NanoMAX beamline users through the MAX IV sample environment pool, and its capability can be further extended for specific purposes through additional available modules.
Study on indoor pollutants emission in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Abulude Francis Olawale , Suriano Domenico , Oluwagbayide Samuel Dare , Akinnusotu Akinyinka , Abulude Ifeoluwa Ayodeji , Awogbindin Emmanuel
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to characterize the concentrations of indoor pollutants (such as carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as well as particulate matter (PM) (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) in Akure, Nigeria, as well as the relationship between the parameters’ concentrations.

Design/methodology/approach

The evaluation, which lasted four months, used a low-cost air sensor that was positioned two meters above the ground. All sensor procedures were correctly carried out.

Findings

CO2 (430.34 ppm), NO2 (93.31 ppb), O3 (19.94 ppb), SO2 (40.87 ppb), PM1 (29.31 µg/m3), PM2.5 (43.56 µg/m3), PM10 (50.70 µg/m3), temperature (32.4°C) and relative humidity (50.53%) were the average values obtained. The Pearson correlation depicted the relationships between the pollutants and weather factors. With the exception of April, which had significant SO2 (18%) and low PM10 (49%) contributions, NO2 and PM10 were the most common pollutants in all of the months. The mean air quality index (AQI) for NO2 indicated that the AQI was “moderate” (51–100). In contrast to SO2, whose AQI ranged from “moderate” to “very unhealthy,” O3's AQI ranged from “good” (50) to “unhealthy” (151–200). Since PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 made up the majority of PC1’s contribution, both PM2.5 and PM10 were deemed “hazardous.”

Practical implications

The practical implication of indoor air pollution is long-term health effects, including heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Indoor air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people’s nerves, brain, kidneys, liver and other organs.

Originality/value

Lack of literature in terms of indoor air quality (IAQ) in Akure, Ondo State. With this work, the information obtained will assist all stakeholders in policy formulation and implementation. Again, the low-cost sensor used is new to this part of the world.
Stronger and more just? Recent reforms of China’s intellectual property rights system and their implications
Authors: Huang Can , Cao Cong , Coreynen Wim
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Since 2015, China has made efforts to reform its intellectual property rights (IPR) system to better protect and stimulate innovation. These reforms are a result of the demand for more stringent intellectual property (IP) protection from China’s domestic, innovative industries and a measure to ease the pressure exerted by its foreign trading partners, particularly against the background of the US-China trade dispute that started at the beginning of 2018. This paper summarizes these reforms and their implications.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper combines a variety of sources, including academic articles, government websites, news reports, industry surveys and expert opinions, to offer insights in China’s IPR system and its recent reforms.

Findings

This paper summarizes and discusses (1) the state’s law amendments, including the 2015 amendment of the “Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements”, the second amendment of the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law” with regard to trade secret protection, the fourth amendment of the “Patent Law”, and the legislations and regulations addressing the criticisms of the US administration over China’s so-called “forced” technology transfer policies; (2) the establishment of the specialized IP courts and tribunals since 2014; (3) the restructuring of the State IP Office; and (4) the issuing of an “Outline for Building an IPR Powerhouse (2021–2035)”.

Originality/value

This paper highlights China’s efforts to make its IPR system stronger and more just. It also discusses international observers’ reactions and pinpoints specific areas for further improvement.
Fighting through the Flesch and Fog: the readability of risk disclosures
Authors: Toerien Franz Eduard , du Toit Elda
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the amendments to International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 and the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9 enhanced the readability, and thus the quality and usefulness of risk disclosure information.

Design/methodology/approach

Readability analyses are performed on companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2005 to 2021. The sample period includes the period when companies disclosed information according to IAS 39 (2005–2017) and IFRS 9 (2018–2021).

Findings

The results of the analyses show risk disclosures for JSE-listed companies to be complex and difficult to understand. Furthermore, risk disclosures have become longer and less readable with the introduction of amendments to IAS 39 and the introduction of IFRS 9.

Research limitations/implications

This study uses readability measures as a proxy for the complexity and usefulness of risk disclosures. The amount of utility a user of financial statements derives could be dependent on other factors such as the quality of disclosure, individual user background and perceptions.

Practical implications

The results have valuable implications for the various stakeholders that make use of the information contained in financial statements. Stakeholders such as regulators and standard setters should carefully assess how accounting standards change to ensure that one of the key objectives of the IASB, namely, to provide information that is relevant, reliable and understandable, is met.

Originality/value

The results of this study contribute to the discourse on the usefulness of companies’ risk disclosures. Though, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to compare the readability of risk disclosures from an emerging market perspective, the results can be applied to other countries using IFRS to assess the readability of risk disclosures.
The data awareness framework as part of data literacies in K-12 education
Authors: Höper Lukas , Schulte Carsten
Published: December 2023

Purpose

In today’s digital world, data-driven digital artefacts pose challenges for education, as many students lack an understanding of data and feel powerless when interacting with them. This paper aims to address these challenges and introduces the data awareness framework. It focuses on understanding data-driven technologies and reflecting on the role of data in everyday life. The paper also presents an empirical study on young school students’ data awareness.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involves a teaching unit on data awareness framed by a pre- and post-test design using a questionnaire on students’ awareness and understanding of and reflection on data practices of data-driven digital artefacts.

Findings

The study’s findings indicate that the data awareness framework supports students in understanding data practices of data-driven digital artefacts. The findings also suggest that the framework encourages students to reflect on these data practices and think about their daily behaviour.

Originality/value

Students learn a model about interactions with data-driven digital artefacts and use it to analyse data-driven applications. This approach appears to enable students to understand these artefacts from everyday life and reflect on these interactions. The work contributes to research on data and artificial intelligence literacies and suggests a way to support students in developing self-determination and agency during interactions with data-driven digital artefacts.
Optimal multi-period pricing and sales effort decisions with a logit demand model in an integrated channel
Authors: Hu Wanting , Deng Guangwei
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide an optimal joint strategy of multi-period pricing and sales effort for a retailer with a logit choice demand in an integrated channel.

Design/methodology/approach

Customer demand is characterized by a logit choice model, it varies over time and is influenced by price and sales effort. The multi-period decision model for the retailer is constructed using a discrete-time dynamic programming method to determine the optimal price and sales effort in each period.

Findings

When the inventory level does not exceed a certain threshold, decreasing price and increasing sales effort over time or as inventory level increases are the optimal strategies. However, once the inventory level exceeds the threshold, the optimal strategy is to maintain both price and sales effort constant as the inventory level changes or to increase price and decrease sales effort over time. Additionally, the greater the influence of sales effort on demand or the higher the arrival rate of customers, the higher the optimal price and the greater the optimal sales effort level.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing research on dynamic pricing and sales effort in integrated channels by incorporating a logit choice model. Furthermore, it provides valuable management insights for retailers operating in an integrated channel to make pricing and sales effort decisions based on inventory level and time period.
Preparation and dispersion properties of polyacrylate copolymer dispersant
Authors: Sun Xia , Xu Jianben , Yu Caili , Zhang Faai
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize a polyacrylate-based dispersant with a determined target molecular weight for oily systems and to determine the optimal dispersant level and monomer ratio of the dispersant.

Design/methodology/approach

The dispersant was synthesized by conventional radical polymerization using methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate as the monomer. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis. The dispersant was used to disperse TiO2, and the performance of the dispersant was evaluated by measuring the viscosity, particle size and dispersive force of the slurry.

Findings

The dispersant exhibited high thermal stability and was successfully anchored to the surface of the TiO2 pigment. When used to disperse a TiO2 slurry, it effectively made the TiO2 slurry more fluid, indicating its strong viscosity-reducing properties. The viscosity, particle sizes and dispersion capabilities of the TiO2 slurry were found to vary depending on the contents and monomer ratios of the dispersant.

Research limitations/implications

P(MAA-BA-DM) dispersant increases the wettability of TiO2 only in oily solvents but not in aqueous solvents.

Practical implications

P(MAA-BA-DM) dispersant makes it easier to disperse TiO2 pigments in oily solvents, increasing the amount of pigment in the solvent and making the preparation of highly pigmented pastes easier.

Originality/value

A dispersant containing suitable carboxyl and tertiary amine groups was initially synthesized to disperse TiO2 in an oily system. The findings are anticipated to be used in the formulation of pigment concentrates, industrial coatings and other solvent-based coatings.
Snowmobile noise alters bird vocalization patterns during winter and pre‐breeding season
Authors: Cretois Benjamin , Bick Ian Avery , Balantic Cathleen , Gelderblom Femke B. , Pávon‐Jordán Diego , Wiel Julia , Sethi Sarab S. , Betchkal Davyd H. , Banet Ben , Rosten Carolyn M. , Reinen Tor Arne
Published: December 2023

Noise pollution poses a significant threat to ecosystems worldwide, disrupting animal communication and causing cascading effects on biodiversity. In this study, we focus on the impact of snowmobile noise on avian vocalizations during the non‐breeding winter season, a less‐studied area in soundscape ecology.

We developed a pipeline relying on deep learning methods to detect snowmobile noise and applied it to a large acoustic monitoring dataset collected in Yellowstone National Park.

Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the snowmobile detection model in identifying snowmobile noise and reveal an association between snowmobile passage and changes in avian vocalization patterns.

Snowmobile noise led to a decrease in the frequency of bird vocalizations during mornings and evenings, potentially affecting winter and pre‐breeding behaviours such as foraging, predator avoidance and successfully finding a mate. However, we observed a recovery in avian vocalizations after detection of snowmobiles during mornings and afternoons, indicating some resilience to sporadic noise events.

Synthesis and applications: Our findings emphasize the need to consider noise impacts in the non‐breeding season and provide valuable insights for natural resource managers to minimize disturbance and protect critical avian habitats. The deep learning approach presented in this study offers an efficient and accurate means of analysing large‐scale acoustic monitoring data and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors on avian communities.
A comprehensive review on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food samples
Authors: Li Qing , Dou Leina , Zhang Yingjie , Luo Liang , Yang Huijuan , Wen Kai , Yu Xuezhi , Shen Jianzhong , Wang Zhanhui
Published: December 2023

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, cause a wide range of food poisoning and seriously threaten human health by infiltrating the food supply chain at different phases of manufacture, processes, distribution, and market. The significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus calls for efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection of SEs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the hazards of SEs in contaminated food, the characteristic and worldwide regulations of SEs, and various detection methods for SEs with extensive comparison and discussion of benefits and drawbacks, mainly including biological detection, genetic detection, and mass spectrometry detection and biosensors. We highlight the biosensors for the screening purpose of SEs, which are classified according to different recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, T‐cell receptors, and transducers such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. We analyzed challenges of biosensors for the monitoring of SEs and conclude the trends for the development of novel biosensors should pay attention to improve samples pretreatment efficiency, employ innovative nanomaterials, and develop portable instruments. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, important to the development and innovation of further detection methods for SEs in food samples.
Nonenzymatic glycation as a tunable technique to modify plant proteins: A comprehensive review on reaction process, mechanism, conjugate structure, and functionality
Authors: Gao Kun , Zha Fengchao , Rao Jiajia , Chen Bingcan
Published: December 2023

Plant proteins are expected to become a major protein source to replace currently used animal‐derived proteins in the coming years. However, there are always challenges when using these proteins due to their low water solubility induced by the high molecular weight storage proteins. One approach to address this challenge is to modify proteins through Maillard glycation, which involves the reaction between proteins and carbohydrates. In this review, we discuss various chemical methods currently available for determining the indicators of the Maillard reaction in the early stage, including the graft degree of glycation and the available lysine or sugar, which are involved in the very beginning of the reaction. We also provide a detailed description of the most popular methods for determining graft sites and assessing different plant protein structures and functionalities upon non‐enzymatic glycation. This review offers valuable insights for researchers and food scientists in order to develop plant‐based protein ingredients with improved functionality.
Gastrointestinal barrier function, immunity, and neurocognition: The role of human milk oligosaccharide (hMO) supplementation in infant formula
Authors: Kassai Sonia , de Vos Paul
Published: December 2023

Breastmilk is seen as the gold standard for infant nutrition as it provides nutrients and compounds that stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development to the infant. However, there are many instances where it is not possible for an infant to be fed with breastmilk, especially for the full 6 months recommended by the World Health Organization. In such instances, infant formula is seen as the next best approach. However, infant formulas do not contain human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs), which are uniquely present in human milk as the third most abundant solid component. hMOs have been linked to many health benefits, such as the development of the gut microbiome, the immune system, the intestinal barrier, and a healthy brain. This paper reviews the effects of specific hMOs applied in infant formula on the intestinal barrier, including the not‐often‐recognized intestinal alkaline phosphatase system that prevents inflammation. Additionally, impact on immunity and the current proof for effects in neurocognitive function and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Recent studies suggest that hMOs can alter gut microbiota, modulate intestinal immune barrier function, and promote neurocognitive function. The hMOs 2′‐fucosyllactose and lacto‐N‐neotetraose have been found to have positive effects on the development of infants and have been deemed safe for use in formula. However, their use has been limited due to their cost and complexity of synthesis. Thus, although many benefits have been described, complex hMOs and combinations of hMOs with other oligosaccharides are the best approach to stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development and for the prevention of disease.
Arduino‐integrated flight mill: A cost‐effective approach to studying insect flight behavior
Authors: Do Yuno , Park Woong‐Bae , Choi Tae‐Jun , Kim Ji Yeong , Cho Youngho , Choi Moon Bo , Kim Baek‐Jun
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the study of insect flight behavior has gained prominence, offering insights into their dispersal strategies, habitat preferences, and potential migration patterns. Recognizing the need for a precise tool to capture insect flight, we developed an Arduino‐integrated flight mill that offers researchers affordability, accuracy, and adaptability. Our flight mill was rigorously tested on two insect species, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis and Polygonia c‐aureum, and proved effective in recording their unique flight patterns. Key to the precision of our flight mill is the integration of advanced materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, which reduces friction, and the incorporation of magnetic sensing for meticulous data capture. These design choices ensure that the natural flight speed of the insect is replicated with minimal disturbance. Additionally, the implementation of a dedicated R script for data analysis provides researchers with a comprehensive platform, allowing them to delve deeply into various metrics, visualize patterns, and make informed conclusions. However, our flight mill is not without challenges. Mastery of the Arduino platform and R programming environment is essential for optimal use, which could pose barriers for those unfamiliar with these platforms. Moreover, although carefully designed, the mounting mechanism may still influence the natural behavior of the insect. Despite these challenges, the potential applications of our flight mill are myriad. From basic entomological research to practical applications in pest management and conservation, its versatility is evident. The adaptability of the tool also makes it an excellent resource in educational settings, offering students hands‐on experience in studying insect behavior.
Greater vulnerability to cannabis dependence among heavy cannabis user French women
Authors: Guillem Eric , Baylé Franck J.
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

Between 1990 and the mid‐2010s, France registered a sharp rise in the spread and consumption of cannabis. At the same time, there has been an increase in the concentration of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol contained in cannabis. The aims of our study are to measure addictive and psychiatric comorbidities in cannabis users in France, and to compare characteristics between women and men.

Methods

Three hundred and forty‐two heavy cannabis users seen in a cannabis clinic between 2004 and 2014 were assessed during a 2‐h clinical interview (DSM‐IV, MINI).

Results

83.2% of users are currently cannabis dependent, 10.6% alcohol dependent, and 2.1% cocaine/crack dependent. 37.8% have a current mood disorder, 47.6% have a current anxiety disorder, and 8.8% are psychotic. Women suffer significantly more often than men from major depressive episodes, dysthymia, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), both current and lifetime. Logistic regression shows that women have a significantly higher risk than men of suffering from PTSD over their lifetime (odds ratio [OR] = 5.48; p < 10−3). The vast majority of women suffering from PTSD report having been sexually assaulted in the course of their lives. In addition, women are at greater risk of cannabis dependence (OR = 3.87; p < .05) for lower cannabis consumption (grams smoked per week) (OR = 0.96; p < .05).

Discussion and Conclusions

French women heavy cannabis users are particularly at risk of PTSD and are more likely than men to be dependent despite consuming fewer.

Scientific Significance

Further studies are needed to clinically quantify cannabis consumption and distinguish its impact on women and men.
Management of acute cervical spinal cord injury in the non‐specialist intensive care unit: a narrative review of current evidence
Authors: Wiles M. D. , Benson I. , Edwards L. , Miller R. , Tait F. , Wynn‐Hebden A.
Published: December 2023

Each year approximately one million people suffer spinal cord injury, which has significant physical, psychosocial and economic impacts on patients and their families. Spinal cord rehabilitation centres are a well‐established part of the care pathway for patients with spinal cord injury and facilitate improvements in functional independence and reductions in healthcare costs. Within the UK, however, there are a limited number of spinal cord injury centres, which delays admission. Patients and their families often perceive that they are not receiving specialist care while being treated in non‐specialist units. This review aimed to provide clinicians who work in non‐specialist spinal injury centres with a summary of contemporary studies relevant to the critical care management of patients with cervical spinal cord injury. We undertook a targeted literature review including guidelines, systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, clinical trials and randomised controlled trials published in English between 1 June 2017 and 1 June 2023. Studies involving key clinical management strategies published before this time, but which have not been updated or repeated, were also included. We then summarised the key management themes: acute critical care management approaches (including ventilation strategies, blood pressure management and tracheostomy insertion); respiratory weaning techniques; management of pain and autonomic dysreflexia; and rehabilitation.
The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis regulates Th1 cell differentiation and migration in experimental autoimmune prostatitis through the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Yue Shao‐Yu , Niu Di , Ma Wen‐Ming , Guan Yu , Liu Qiu‐Shi , Wang Xiao‐Bin , Xiao Yun‐Zheng , Meng Jialin , Ding Ke , Zhang Li , Du He‐Xi , Liang Chao‐Zhao
Published: December 2023

Objective

To investigate the mechanism of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis regulating Th1 cell differentiation and migration through the PI3K/AKT pathway in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Methods

Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) model, a well‐described and validated animal model of CP/CPPS, was used in our study. After treatment with CXCL10, the severity of EAP and Th1 cell proportion were respectively measured by HE stains, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Then, the protein expression of the PI3K/AKT pathway in CXCL10/CXCR3‐regulated Th1 cell differentiation and migration was evaluated by western blotting. Additionally, by the CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 applications, the effects of CXCL10/CXCR3 through PI3K/AKT pathway on the Th1 cell differentiation and migration were further assessed.

Results

The EAP model was successfully built. CXCL10 increased the proportion of Th1 cells in EAP mice, accompanied by upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Additionally, the PI3K/AKT pathway was found to be involved in CXCL10/CXCR3 axis‐mediated Th1 cell differentiation and migration.

Conclusions

Our investigations indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis regulates Th1 cell differentiation and migration in EAP through the PI3K/AKT pathway, which provides a new perspective on the immunological mechanisms of CP/CPPS.
ST waveform analysis vs cardiotocography alone for intrapartum fetal monitoring: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Blix Ellen , Brurberg Kjetil Gundro , Reierth Eirik , Reinar Liv Merete , Øian Pål
Published: December 2023

Introduction

ST waveform analysis (STAN) was introduced as an adjunct to cardiotocography (CTG) to improve neonatal and maternal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to quantify the efficacy of STAN vs CTG and assess the quality of the evidence using GRADE.

Material and methods

We performed systematic literature searches to identify randomized controlled trials and assessed included studies for risk of bias. We performed meta‐analyses, calculating pooled risk ratio (RR) or Peto odds ratio (OR). We also performed post hoc trial sequential analyses for selected outcomes to assess the risk of false‐positive results and the need for additional studies.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials including 28 729 women were included in the meta‐analysis. There were no differences between the groups in operative deliveries for fetal distress (10.9 vs 11.1%; RR 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.11). STAN was associated with a significantly lower rate of metabolic acidosis (0.45% vs 0.68%; Peto OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.48–0.90). Accordingly, 441 women need to be monitored with STAN instead of CTG alone to prevent one case of metabolic acidosis. Women allocated to STAN had a reduced risk of fetal blood sampling compared with women allocated to conventional CTG monitoring (12.5% vs 19.6%; RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.49–0.80). The quality of the evidence was high to moderate.

Conclusions

Absolute effects of STAN were minor and the clinical significance of the observed reduction in metabolic acidosis is questioned. There is insufficient evidence to state that STAN as an adjunct to CTG leads to important clinical benefits compared with CTG alone.
Short communication: first case of bacteraemia caused by Dielma fastidiosa in a patient hospitalized with diverticulitis
Authors: Forman‐Ankjær Barbara , Hvid‐Jensen Frederik , Kobel Carl Mathias , Greve Thomas
Published: December 2023

Dielma fastidiosa is a gram‐negative, anaerobic rod belonging to the family Erysipelotrichaceae. D. fastidiosa has previously been isolated in human stool samples as part of the commensal flora; however, prior to this case, it has never been identified as a human pathogen. We present the first case of bacteraemia with D. fastidiosa. Bacterial growth in the blood culture bottle was detected by the automated blood culture system BacT/ALERT 3D. Culturing was performed, and bacterial colonies were identified as D. fastidiosa using MALDI‐TOF MS. A subsequent whole‐genome sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq was performed, and a phylogenetic tree depicting all available sequences of D. fastidiosa was generated. The reference MALDI‐TOF spectrum and species identification was compared with the previously published spectrum. Whole‐genome sequencing confirmed the tentative MALDI‐TOF species identification. Notably, the maximum‐likelihood‐based phylogenetic analysis placed the D. fastidiosa isolate from this clinical case within the known variation of the eight publicly available sequences of this species. We identified D. fastidiosa by whole‐genome sequencing followed by maximum‐likelihood analysis as a possible pathogen in this case of bacteraemia in a patient hospitalized with diverticulitis.
Editorial: Unmasking the silent threat—acute kidney injury in alcohol‐associated hepatitis. Authors' reply
Authors: Tyson Luke D. , Atkinson Stephen , Hunter Robert W. , Thursz Mark , Vergis Nikhil
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tyson et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17733 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17771
Letter: Estimating the incidence of HBsAg seroclearance after cessation of tenofovir and entecavir—potential influence of censored observation. Authors' reply
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hung , Peng Cheng‐Yuan
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Chen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17602 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17767
Microscopy and spectroscopy approaches to study GPCR structure and function
Authors: Fessl Tomáš , Majellaro Maria , Bondar Alexey
Published: December 2023

The GPCR signalling cascade is a key pathway responsible for the signal transduction of a multitude of physical and chemical stimuli, including light, odorants, neurotransmitters and hormones. Understanding the structural and functional properties of the GPCR cascade requires direct observation of signalling processes in high spatial and temporal resolution, with minimal perturbation to endogenous systems. Optical microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are uniquely suited to this purpose because they excel at multiple spatial and temporal scales and can be used in living objects. Here, we review recent developments in microscopy and spectroscopy technologies which enable new insights into GPCR signalling. We focus on advanced techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution, single‐molecule methods, labelling strategies and approaches suitable for endogenous systems and large living objects. This review aims to assist researchers in choosing appropriate microscopy and spectroscopy approaches for a variety of applications in the study of cellular signalling.
Dental staff and patient attitudes about nicotine replacement therapy samples in dental care: A National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network study
Authors: Japuntich Sandra J. , Dunbar Michael S. , Predmore Zachary , Bloom Erika Litvin , Fang Pearl , Basile Sarah , Rindal D. Brad , Waiwaiole Lisa A. , Carpenter Matthew J. , Kopycka‐Kedzierawski Dorota T. , Dahne Jennifer , Lischka Tamara R. , Richardson Peggy ,   The National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Cigarette smoking negatively affects oral health. Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT; e.g. nicotine patch or lozenge) and brief interventions (e.g. Ask‐Advise‐Refer; AAR) can improve cessation outcomes but are underutilized. NRT sampling (NRTS) increases NRT utilization by providing patients with samples of NRT as part of routine healthcare. Ask‐Advise‐Refer is a brief intervention where practitioners: ask patients about tobacco use, advise those using tobacco to quit and refer to the state quit line. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore dental care practitioners' and patients' attitudes and experiences regarding tobacco cessation treatment and perceptions of two brief intervention models, assessed separately: NRTS and AAR.

Methods

Twenty‐four dental care practitioners and nine patients, recruited through the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network, participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews. Interviews assessed experiences with tobacco use intervention and attitudes towards NRTS and AAR. Thematic analysis identified emergent themes related to feasibility and acceptability of NRTS and AAR.

Results

Practitioners varied on how they address tobacco use, from systematically to idiosyncratically. Some practitioners recommend NRT; few had prescribed it. Practitioners had favourable attitudes towards AAR and NRTS, with most believing that both interventions would be acceptable and feasible to implement. Concerns regarding AAR were time and patient resistance to discussing tobacco use. Concerns regarding NRTS were patient resistance to using NRT, side effects or medication interactions, and capacity to provide follow‐up. Patients reported that oral health practitioners generally ask about tobacco use but do not provide interventions. Patients were open to discussing their tobacco use with practitioners and had favourable attitudes about NRTS.

Conclusions

This formative work suggests that NRTS and AAR may be feasible to implement in dental care settings. Future studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and implementation potential of NRTS in dental care settings.
On the eve of the “Philosophy of Symbolic Forms”: Cassirer and Hegel
Authors: Ferrari Massimo
Published: December 2023

This paper aims at focusing on Cassirer's relationship with Hegel during the crucial period when Cassirer is outlining and completing the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms in the early 1920s. The main thesis is that Cassirer has never abandoned his original Neo‐Kantian approach, despite the fact that it has been enriched within the perspective of a philosophy of culture indebted to some extent also to Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. However, Cassirer maintains that Kant's critical idealism must be contrasted with Hegel's absolute idealism, keeping thereby open the process of the spirit that cannot close itself in a definitive logical structure. This critical stance is shared by some contemporaries of Cassirer such as Dilthey, Windelband, and above all Natorp. We have thus to read Cassirer's project against the historical backdrop of the ‘Hegel‐Renaissance’ in Germany, a circumstance that, according to the author, can contribute to a more adequate understanding of Cassirer's opus magnum.
Persistent pandemic: The unequal impact of COVID labor on early career academics
Authors: Ballif Edmée , Zinn Isabelle
Published: December 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has not only highlighted preexisting inequalities in academia but has also exacerbated them while giving rise to novel forms of disparities. Drawing upon our experiences as women, parents, and early career academics (ECAs) in Switzerland and enriched by feminist theory on reproductive labor and carework, we examine the unequal impacts of the pandemic. First, our analysis reveals how the pandemic disproportionately impacted ECAs, a group already in a position of precarity within academia. Second, we identify the broad range of tasks brought about by the pandemic as “COVID labor”. This essential labor—undervalued, invisible, and often unpaid—had a particularly negative impact on ECAs. Third, looking at various intersections of difference, we emphasize that the experience of COVID labor was far from uniform among ECAs with institutional responses disregarding its extent and unequal distribution. In conclusion, we underscore the importance of acknowledging the long‐term consequences of COVID labor on ECAs, particularly those belonging to underrepresented groups. Neglecting these issues may lead to the loss of a wide range of talented scholars for reasons that are not related to the quality of their academic performance.
Organizing vulnerability exploring Judith Butler's conceptualization of vulnerability to study organizations
Authors: Scheibmayr Isabella
Published: December 2023

This paper argues that vulnerability as conceptualized by Judith Butler is a useful lens to study organizations. Judith Butler conceptualizes vulnerability as both universally shared human condition and individually experienced, thereby describes how vulnerability is both a bodily ontology (we are all vulnerable due to our human bodies being dependent on each other to support us), and an epistemic frame (through vulnerability we can know), resulting in an ethical response‐ability (to not hurt one another). Vulnerability, though universally shared, is individually experienced and unequally distributed, because it depends on what Judith Butler calls “social infrastructures”. Organizations and their organizing practices constitute such social infrastructures and at the same time depend on them. Using a vulnerability lens makes it possible to study how organizations co‐constitute vulnerability and the positionality that they inhabit toward vulnerability.