bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Stripping Immunities of Heads of States on State Cooperation and the Effectiveness of Trial
Authors: Kimani Patrick
Published: August 2021

The development of international criminal law in the last seven decades has seen a gradual erosion of the integrity of immunities for heads of states. The journey from Nuremberg to The Hague has resulted in a permanent international criminal court. Article 27(2) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (the Rome Statute) disregards immunities as an effective bar to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Heads of states have been stripped of their ‘invisibility cloak’ from international criminal prosecutions. The Rome Statute places its reliance on the situation state’s authorities to cooperate with the ICC in its investigation and prosecution of crimes. A special tension is noticeable in circumstances where an incumbent head of state is accused at ICC while his or her state is placed under the general cooperation obligation. This tension is clearly manifest in the two criminal processes against Uhuru Kenyatta and Al Bashir. Bearing in mind the significant political muscle a sitting head of state wields in their state, it is quite likely that their state’s authorities will be very reluctant to discharge their cooperation obligations. The prosecution of sitting heads of states remains a challenge. Is it time to rethink the structure of the ICC or the implementation of the Statute?
Finding a Legal Balance between the Right to Strike and Right to Education in Kenya
Authors: Aridi Vicky
Published: August 2021

The teachers’ right to strike and the children’s right to education are both essential rights recognised by national and international laws in Kenya. Despite this fact, there are instances where conflicts arise between these two rights. The courts have a mandate to balance competing human rights in instances of conflict. However, whenever there has been a conflict between the two rights, Kenyan courts have issued injunctions that require public-school teachers to suspend their strike. By doing so, the courts are leaving the teachers with no effective alternative mechanism to address their pertinent needs. The question of how a balance between the teachers’ right to strike and the children’s right to education in Kenya can be attained is thus an essential concern that is at the focal point of this paper. In a bid to address this question, Kenya’s Constitution, Children’s Act, Labour Relations Act, and case law from the Court of Appeal; namely, TSC v KNUT & 3 others, are analysed to reveal Kenya’s position on the two rights and the various balancing approaches available.
Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Alopecia: Experience of a Cancer Center in Romania
Authors: Onisim Andrea , Sabău Adina , Ciucă Andrada , Udrea Adrian
Published: August 2021

"Background: Chemotherapy still represents the backbone of systemic treatment for
many solid tumors. Alopecia remains one of its most distressing side effects. Scalp
cooling is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of alopecia induced by chemotherapy,
therefore this study aimed to assess the efficiency of DigniCap scalp-cooling system in
our center.
Material&Methods: 113 patients diagnosed with solid tumors, who underwent
chemotherapy using the DigniCap scalp-cooling system in our center between January
2018 - December 2020, were included in the study. Alopecia was evaluated by the
physician according to Dean’s scale at baseline and after the last cycle of
chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was to evaluate scalp-cooling efficiency defined
by a Dean's scale score of 0–2 (hair loss ≤50%). Results: 78 (72.3%) out of the 113
patients who used scalp cooling presented hair loss of 50% or less, the majority were
females (91.2%) and had a diagnosis of breast cancer (49.6%) or gynecological
cancer (27.4%). The mean number of chemotherapy cycles using DigniCap was 4.82
cycles. Hair loss greater than 50% of the scalp surface was observed in 27.7% of
patients, the highest grade of alopecia being observed for anthracycline-based
chemotherapy. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusion: The results of this study support the evidence existing so far in the
literature. Among patients who underwent chemotherapy for various cancer types, the
DigniCap System significantly prevented hair loss and we consider that it should be
integrated in the supportive care of patients."
Critical Issues in Melanoma Follow-up and Treatment, Safety of Patients and Communication with Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19 Pandemic in Romania
Authors: Astratinei Violeta , Strambu-Dima Andreea , Ryll Bettina
Published: August 2021

"Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted cancer care worldwide. The aim of this study was to capture the impact of Covid-19 on melanoma patients during the national state of emergency. Material and methods: We sent a survey to the members of the Romanian Melanoma patient community between April - May 2020. Results: We received feedback from 108 patients. Forty percent of the respondents experienced difficulties in accessing healthcare services, while 56% found it difficult or impossible to speak with their physician. With regard to feeling safe in healthcare facilities, 60% of patients felt safe in the private sector, versus 48% in public hospitals. Over half of the respondents delayed investigations such as dermoscopy, imaging, and laboratory tests by their own initiative, while a third saw investigation delayed upon their physician’s initiative. We found no significant delays in the administration of systemic therapies for advanced disease. While e-prescriptions for melanoma treatments were not communicated and implemented consistently, we noted an increased interest in telemedicine and social media networks by physicians. Spontaneous patient reports collected in the same period further show the lack of access to melanoma diagnostic surgery, insufficient management of side effects of different treatments, difficulties in obtaining pain medication, alterations in the administration schemes of both immunotherapies and target therapies, and cumbersome access to Covid-19 testing. Conclusions: Our results provide a melanoma-specific perspective on the impact of Covid-19 on patients that is unexpectedly nuanced with regards to patient subpopulations and captures differences in impact between systemic treatment and Journal of Medical and Radiation Oncology Journal homepage: www.jmedradonc.org Original research 16 other interventions. In addition, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates the ability of virtual patient communities to sensitively detect and report issues in health care provision, offering the opportunity for timely intervention. Based on our findings, we formulate a set of recommendations on how to save-guard melanoma care during the pandemic, some of which we believe to be generalizable to other patient communities."
Hypofractionated Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer – Do We Need More Evidence or Adapted Reimbursement Policies?
Authors: Chirilă Monica-Emilia , Ratosa Ivica , Marta Gustavo Nader , Poortmans Philip
Published: August 2021

"More than 10 years ago, two pivotal trials, the Ontario Clinical Oncology Group trial
and START B trial, firmly established that hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) of
40–42.5 Gy in 15–16 fractions over 3 weeks after breast conserving surgery or
mastectomy results in similar rates of local recurrence and normal tissue effects. This
led to a new standard for postoperative whole breast and chest wall RT. Further trials
confirmed these findings and show that hypofractionated RT can also be applied for
other indications, including regional nodal RT and for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
More recently, a so-called ultra-fractionation trial demonstrated that 26 Gy in 5
fractions over 1 week was non-inferior to 40 Gy, in 15 fractions in 3 weeks for local
recurrence at 6 years and that late effects were similar between fractionation
schedules being a treatment option for most patients with early breast cancer. Several
countries and departments are now adopting hypofractionated schedules as a new
standard for breast, chest wall or partial breast RT. In addition to the improvement in
convenience and reduction in resources required, hypofractionated RT offers important
benefits with respect to acute and late toxicity that can improve the quality of life of
patients receiving breast RT."
Cancer in COVID-19 Times – A Narrative Review of Guidelines and Recommendations
Authors: Gorzo Alecsandra , Sur Daniel
Published: August 2021

"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported to produce atypical
pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This outbreak escalated very quickly
due to the high transmission rate, and therefore, on March 11, 2020, it was declared a
pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 caused a massive hospital
overload worldwide and instigated urgent adjustments in resource allocation.
Compared to the general population, cancer patients are considered to be at high risk
of developing severe infection due to their immunocompromised status. The purpose
of this review was to highlight the impact of the COVD-19 pandemic on cancer care,
available guidelines, and recommendations."
Safety Assessment of Intravenous Application of the Homeopathic Medicine Viscum Album D3 in Dogs
Authors: Viana Valle Ana Catarina , Ribeiro Aguiar Lana , dos Santos Sena Brunel Hilana , Furtado Malard Patrícia , de Andrade Rosângela Vieira
Published: August 2021

Background: Viscum album (VA) extracts have a wide variety of biologically active compounds that can be used in the treatment of various diseases, with cancer being the main one. However, few data on the effects of homeopathic VA are found in the literature, even though commercially VA formulations are available, with extremely low doses of its active compounds. Previous studies used the anthroposophical form of Viscum and provided information on the mechanisms of action of this drug in tumor cells or in cells of the immune system. Materials and methods: This study aimed to evaluate the safety of intravenous and subcutaneous application of D3 homeopathic Viscum album (VAD3) in dogs. Healthy dogs (n=7) underwent blood collection for blood cells count and biochemistry analysis and clinical examinations 7 days prior and at days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 14 after the beginning of treatment. The dogs received intravenous application of VAD3 at days 0, 5, 10, and 14, and subcutaneous at days 3, 7, and 12. Results: There was a transient increase in the number of monocytes (P=0.0022) at day 5, while there were no significant (P>0.05) changes in any of the other blood endpoints over time. Nevertheless, all blood parameters remained within the reference values for the species. All animals completed the study in good health conditions. According to the Quality-of-Life Assessment Questionnaire, all animals showed improvement in mood and appetite after receiving VAD3. Conclusion: The homeopathic medicine VAD3 is safe for intravenous and subcutaneous applications in dogs, besides possibly bringing benefits to the entire organism.
Fatal Complications of Nasogastric Tube Misplacement in Two Dogs
Authors: Rodriguez-Diaz Jenniffer , Sumner Julia P. , Miller Meredith
Published: August 2021

Provision of enteral nutrition via the use of nasoenteric feeding tubes is a commonly used method in both veterinary and human medicine. Although case reports in human medicine have identified fatalities due to misplacement of nasogastric (NG) tubes into the tracheobronchial tree and subsequent pneumothorax, there are no case reports, to our knowledge, of fatalities in veterinary patients. This case report describes two fatalities caused by misplaced NG tubes in intubated patients (one intraoperative, one postoperative). This report highlights risk factors for feeding tube complications and methods to prevent future fatalities such as two-view radiography, two-step insertion, capnography, laryngoscopic-assisted placement, and palpation of the NG tube in the stomach. The recent fatalities discussed within this case series demonstrate that deaths as a result of NG tubes misplaced into the tracheobronchial tree occur in veterinary patients, and measures should be taken to prevent this complication.
Creativity
Authors: Kaufman Scott Barry ,   Columbia University, Kaufman James C. ,   University of Connecticut
Published: August 2021

Why does creativity matter?

When you approach life with a creative attitude, you are more open to
new ideas and possibilities, better able to understand others'
perspectives, and more likely to seek out multiple solutions to
problems. Despite the stereotype of the mad genius, everyday creativity
is just as important. You can use it to help you improve your mood and
cope with stress, feel more connected with other people and the
world—and even help you find meaning and purpose in life.
Gambaran Perbedaan Kadar Timah (Sn) pada Air Buah dan Buah Dalam Kemasan Kaleng
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Rianto Muh. Rifo , Rasiyanto Effendy , Hasrianti Hasrianti
Published: August 2021

Canned fruit is fruit that is packaged in packaging, using cans through many processes, aiming to maintain the durability of the packaged fruit. The packaging uses cans made of several heavy metals, one of which is tin (Sn). The process of preserving fruit, which goes through many stages, may allow the heavy metal to be hydrolyzed, causing the canned fruit to contain heavy metals which can be harmful to human health. This study aims to determine and determine the description of differences in tin (Sn) content in fruit water and canned fruit. The type of research used is laboratory observation with simple random sampling technique. Based on the results of research from 5 samples of canned fruit, the results obtained were the results of research on sample A (fruit) 3.19 mg / kg (water) 2.18 mg / L, B (fruit) 5.08 mg / kg (water) 0.49 mg / L, C (fruit) 1.08 mg / kg (water) 0.74 mg / L, D (fruit) 1.28 mg / kg (water) 1.56 mg / L, E (fruit) 2.92 mg / kg (water) 2.78 mg / L). This research can be concluded that of the 5 samples studied contained levels of lead (Sn) below the maximum threshold for food contamination set by BPOM in 2009, namely 250 mg / kg so it is still safe for consumption, and the levels of lead (Sn) obtained at fruit is higher than the tin content in fruit water in cans.
Analisa Keakuratan Kadar Glukosa Darah Menggunakan Clarke-Error Grid Analisis pada Alat Ukur Non-invasive menggunakan Sensor Photoacoustic
Authors: Umar Usman , Alyah Risnawaty , Amin Imran
Published: August 2021

Blood glucose is a very important element in the human body, but if it is deficient or excessive, it can cause chronic disease that can lead to death. To prevent this, it is necessary to monitor cholesterol and blood glucose levels regularly, at this time the tool for measuring blood glucose levels is still an invasive method by taking a blood sample at the fingertip by injuring it. This study aims to develop a non-invasive blood glucose measuring device using a Photoacoustic Spectroscopy sensor in the range of values from a laser pulse source (λ = 650 nm) which can detect glucose signals in the blood. The method of developing this research is by designing a non-invasive measuring instrument and measuring blood glucose levels in male and female participants to create a linearity equation between blood glucose levels and the output voltage from the sensor, then mathematically obtained a polynominal equation to convert the voltage to values. blood glucose level. Validation of measuring instruments designed by comparing invasive measuring instruments as a reference, using the Clarke EGA to determine accuracy based on the classification of values of blood glucose and blood cholesterol levels based on reference. The results of the Clarke EGA analysis show that all measurement data is in Zone A so that the measuring instrument with a photoacoustic sensor can be accepted.
Analisa Artefak Pada Hasil Radiograf Yang Timbul Akibat Pengolahan Computed Radiography
Authors: Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Iskandar AR.Rakhmansyah , Adilah Z. Nurul
Published: August 2021

Artefacts are structures or appearances that are not normally present on radiographs, errors in radiographic processing may be due to technical errors or film processing errors. This research was conducted using Descriptive methods, with the type of literature study that aims to examine the causes of artifacts that can occur as a result of improper handling of film processing errors.The results of the analysis concluded that the frequent occurrence of artifacts in the processing of Computed Radiography is caused by two factors, that is the use of imaging plates and grids lisolm. His advice should be in the processing using Computed Radigraphy the officer must be more careful and pay attention to the components in Computed Radiography.
An Analysis of the Teachers’ Strategies in Teaching English Vocabulary at the Seventh Grade of Mts N 7 Kebumen in the Academic Year 2019/2020
Authors: Garwan Hellaisna Nur'Aini , Priyanti Henny
Published: August 2021

Teaching vocabulary is one way to increase students' knowledge so they can make grammatical sentences. Teaching vocabulary must also be equipped with strategies that are suitable for students. Many strategies can be used by teachers. In vocabulary, there are many things that must be equated and good handling must be taken so that students can understand what vocabulary is. This research was conducted at MTs N 7 Kebumen. The subjects of this study were the English teachers in seventh grade. The purpose of this research is to find the strategies used by English teachers in teaching vocabulary. This research find out students' responses toward the application of teachers' strategies in teaching vocabulary to seventh grade students of MTs N 7 Kebumen. In the interview with an English teacher at MTs N 7 Kebumen, the researcher found out some obstacles experienced by the teacher. One of the obstacle was students have little vocabulary. Therefore the teacher used strategies which easily accepted by students. The teacher also felt not easy to teaching English. This research discusses about analysis the teachers’ strategies in teaching English vocabulary. This research method used descriptive qualitative to describe the strategy of English teachers in teaching vocabulary. The research focused on the strategies of the English teacher in teaching vocabulary in the classroom. The researcher used interview, docummentation, and questionnaire for data collection techniques. First, the researcher interviewed with English teacher. Second, the researcher conducted data analysis using pictures, lesson plans and syllabus as data docummentation. Third, the researcher also gave questionnaires to students in seventh grade MTs N 7 Kebumen using Google Forms. Based on the analysis, the results of the research are three findings that can be taken. First, there are some strategies used by teachers to teach vocabulary, namely presentation, translation, memorization, playing games, reading, pantomime, action, and body movements. Second, this research found out the media used to convey the material, the media used are real things, videos, pictures, English books of students. Third, the researcher found out students' responses with strategies used by the teacher. The researcher concluded that students can enjoy teaching and learning that the teacher gives. By using presentations, translations, memorization, playing games, words, mime, actions, and movements. Students also can remember new words more easily.

Keyword: Strategies, Students, Teachers, Teaching, Vocabulary
Ruptures et continuités de la personne
Authors: Simon Lionel
Published: August 2021

Deux thèses en apparence antinomiques ont été développées pour rendre compte des traitements funéraires pratiqués dans les basses terres d’Amérique du Sud. L’une soutient l’idée que la coupure entre morts et vivants constitue le motif des pratiques mortuaires. L’autre pointe au contraire le souci de prolonger la continuité entre la personne disparue et ce qu’elle était de son vivant. À travers un examen des cérémonies funèbres, mais aussi des usages que les défunts suscitent, le cas des Wayùu de Colombie met en évidence une posture intermédiaire, qui oscille entre l’abolition et la conservation des morts, entre la préservation du souvenir et l’oubli. Cette ambivalence traduit un souci notable pour l’allégresse des yoluja, forme que prennent les individus après leur trépas. Dans cet article, ceux-ci sont notamment appréhendés à travers les « territorialisations » dont ils sont l’objet et les propriétés ontologiques qui leur sont prêtées. Il s’agit de montrer que le socle paradigmatique qui suppose l’existence de deux stades de mortalité – et l’anonymisation de la personne selon une temporalité calquée sur le processus biologique de décomposition des corps – autorise une variété d’articulations entre rupture et continuité. Les développements proposés entendent aussi de mettre en évidence le fait que, pour comprendre ces articulations, il est salutaire d’inscrire les pratiques funéraires dans un complexe relationnel plus large, qui relie les vivants et « leurs morts ».
Il paesaggio sonoro nella composizione musicale. Un percorso bibliografico
Authors: Alessandretti Stefano
Published: August 2021

Over the last few decades there has been a proliferation of different fields of study directly derived from what can now be defined as a real discipline: the soundscape. Because of the growing number of new subjects, it becomes really challenging to get out of the multitude of publications, authors and terminologies, in order to create a synthetic and exhaustive bibliography dealing with the primary subject from which the various fields of study branched out. Starting from this difficulty this work was born, a bibliographic research aiming to direct the reader towards a targeted literature in the field of soundscape and music composition.
An automated method to enrich consumer health vocabularies using GloVe word embeddings and an auxiliary lexical resource
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Gauch Susan , Salman Omar , Alqahtani Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Background

Clear language makes communication easier between any two parties. A layman may have difficulty communicating with a professional due to not understanding the specialized terms common to the domain. In healthcare, it is rare to find a layman knowledgeable in medical terminology which can lead to poor understanding of their condition and/or treatment. To bridge this gap, several professional vocabularies and ontologies have been created to map laymen medical terms to professional medical terms and vice versa.

Objective

Many of the presented vocabularies are built manually or semi-automatically requiring large investments of time and human effort and consequently the slow growth of these vocabularies. In this paper, we present an automatic method to enrich laymen’s vocabularies that has the benefit of being able to be applied to vocabularies in any domain.

Methods

Our entirely automatic approach uses machine learning, specifically Global Vectors for Word Embeddings (GloVe), on a corpus collected from a social media healthcare platform to extend and enhance consumer health vocabularies. Our approach further improves the consumer health vocabularies by incorporating synonyms and hyponyms from the WordNet ontology. The basic GloVe and our novel algorithms incorporating WordNet were evaluated using two laymen datasets from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), Open-Access Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV) and MedlinePlus Healthcare Vocabulary.

Results

The results show that GloVe was able to find new laymen terms with an F-score of 48.44%. Furthermore, our enhanced GloVe approach outperformed basic GloVe with an average F-score of 61%, a relative improvement of 25%. Furthermore, the enhanced GloVe showed a statistical significance over the two ground truth datasets with P < 0.001.

Conclusions

This paper presents an automatic approach to enrich consumer health vocabularies using the GloVe word embeddings and an auxiliary lexical source, WordNet. Our approach was evaluated used healthcare text downloaded from MedHelp.org, a healthcare social media platform using two standard laymen vocabularies, OAC CHV, and MedlinePlus. We used the WordNet ontology to expand the healthcare corpus by including synonyms, hyponyms, and hypernyms for each layman term occurrence in the corpus. Given a seed term selected from a concept in the ontology, we measured our algorithms’ ability to automatically extract synonyms for those terms that appeared in the ground truth concept. We found that enhanced GloVe outperformed GloVe with a relative improvement of 25% in the F-score.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of R3a and Avr3a-mediated defense responses in transgenic tomato
Authors: Xue Dongqi , Liu Han , Wang Dong , Gao Yanna , Jia Zhiqi
Published: August 2021

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating diseases in potatoes and tomatoes. At present, several late blight resistance genes have been mapped and cloned. To better understand the transcriptome changes during the incompatible interaction process between R3a and Avr3a, in this study, after spraying DEX, the leaves of MM-R3a-Avr3a and MM-Avr3a transgenic plants at different time points were used for comparative transcriptome analysis. A total of 7,324 repeated DEGs were detected in MM-R3a-Avr3a plants at 2-h and 6-h, and 729 genes were differentially expressed at 6-h compared with 2-h. Only 1,319 repeated DEGs were found in MM-Avr3a at 2-h and 6-h, of which 330 genes have the same expression pattern. Based on GO, KEGG and WCGNA analysis of DEGs, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated. Parts of the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in carbon metabolism and the photosynthesis process. Among these DEGs, most of the transcription factors, such as WRKY, MYB, and NAC, related to disease resistance or endogenous hormones SA and ET pathways, as well as PR, CML, SGT1 gene were also significantly induced. Our results provide transcriptome-wide insights into R3a and Avr3a-mediated incompatibility interaction.
A representação das mulheres de carreira no cinema: uma análise sob a ótica das metáforas de desigualdade de gênero
Authors: Souza Raimundo Dalmir Luiz de , Grangeiro Rebeca da Rocha , Silva Lucas Emmanuel Nascimento
Published: August 2021

As obras cinematográficas são consideradas eficientes para avaliar a sociedade e os ambientes de trabalho, pois refletem a maneira como a sociedade, de modo geral, pensa, age e se comporta sobre determinados assuntos. Diante do papel do cinema de reproduzir e produzir elementos sociais e individuais que envolvem a vida privada e profissional de mulheres que ambicionam ter sucesso nas suas carreiras, o presente artigo possui como objetivo analisar como os filmes retratam os desafios que as mulheres enfrentam para avançar em suas carreiras através das lentes das metáforas da desigualdade de gênero. Os filmes foram acessados por meio do site IMDb (Internet Movie Database), usando os descritores: women, business, career e manager. Considerados filmes produzidos de 1981 a 2019, obteve-se 205 peças cinematográficas.Aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 39 filmes para análise. Desse modo, a maneira como as mulheres de negócios são representadas pelo cinema é discutida por meio das metáforas: Teto de Vidro; Penhasco de Vidro; Fenômeno Abelha Rainha; Parede Materna; Segundo Turno; Labirinto; e Tokenismo. A construção das personagens, segundo as obras visitadas nesse artigo, evidenciou singularidades na abordagem na construção das protagonistas. Todos os filmes analisados nessa pesquisa apresentaram em alguma cena, diálogo ou modo como a personagem principal é descrita dentro da narrativa pelo menos uma das metáforas abordadas.
Antioxidant Activities and Hepatoprotective Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Justicia quinqueangularis against Selected Hepatotoxins Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Suresh K. , Ahad Hindustan Abdul , Satyanarayana S. V.
Published: August 2021

Background: The objective of this research was to see whether the ethanolic extract of Justicia quinqueangularis leaves had antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties against paracetamol (PCT), ethanol (ETN), and isoniazid and rifampicin (IR)-induced hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar rats.

Methods: The leaves of Justicia quinqueangularis were dried in the shade at room temperature, pulverised, and extracted by soxhlet using ethanol. Quantitative phytochemical experiments were carried out as a first step. The ethanol extract's hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in Albino Wistar rats. PCT (3 g/kg), ETN (5 g/kg), and IR (100 mg/kg) reduced the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin, which are all biochemical indicators of liver injury. Both hepatotoxin-treated and untreated group of animals determined for their antioxidant levels. SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, antioxidant function of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation methods, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide scavenging activities were among the biochemical and histopathological tests performed.

Results: The altered levels of biochemical markers were restored to near normal levels in a dose-dependent fashion after treatment with J. quinqueangularis ethanol leaf extract (100 mg / kg, 200 mg / kg, and 400 mg / kg body weight).

Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicated that the ethanol leaf extract of J. quinqueangularis had potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties against standard drug.
Evaluation of Antiepileptic Effect of Cleome viscosa Linn. Leaves Extract in Experimental Animals
Authors: Shakya Manish Kumar , Naseer Arif , Singh Ranjit
Published: August 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the antiepileptic effect of Cleome viscosa Linn. leaves extract in experimental animals.

Study Design: The extraction process, acute toxicity study was determined using OECD guidelines, Priliminary phytochemical screening, Antiepileptic pharmacological screening methods and statistical analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: The research work was conducted during 10 Jan. 2020 to 10 July 2020 at Dept. of Pharmacology, Rajiv academy for Pharmacy, Mathura (U.P), 281001, India.

Methodology: The fresh leaves were shade dried and reduced in size to powder and extracted by soxhlet apparatus. The MECV, CECV and AECV were prepared and subjected to comparative phytochemical profiling for in-vitro analysis. Further the in-vivo screening models like maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES), picrotoxin (PTX) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced models are used to assess the anti-epileptic effects of the methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Cleome viscosa.

Results: The extracts were subjected to phytochemical tests and the carbohydrate, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and glycosides were found to be present. In the MES induced seizures, MECV (200 mg/kg) showed high significant inhibition on tonic hind limb extension (THLE) (9.33±0.33***), decrease in duration of stupor period (145.2 ± 2.59***) and decreased mortality significantly. In PTX induced model, MECV (200 mg/kg) showed high significant delay on the onset of convulsions (18.00±0.63***), decreased duration of convulsion (3.50 ± 0.18***) and decreased mortality significantly. In PTZ induced model, MECV and AECV (200mg/kg) showed high significant delay on the onset of convulsions (2.55 ± 0.10***), (2.50 ± 0.18***), decreased duration of convulsion (3.67 ± 0.11***), (4.33 ± 0.17**) and decreased mortality significantly.

Conclusion: It is clear from the preceding that Cleome viscosa has antiepileptic properties.
A Paradigm Shift in Ocular Drug Delivery to Posterior Segment: Review on Current Drug Delivery Approaches
Authors: Koduru Ravi Kumar , Kasaraneni Jigeesha , Juturi Ravi Kumar Reddy
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Owing to the increasing number of patients suffering from posterior eye disorders, efficient medicine delivery to the posterior segment is now in great demand in the clinical services. With unmet medical requirements, the posterior eye segment is an important therapeutic target. So, physicians should be informed of new indications and current strategies of drug delivery when new technologies enter the market.

Summary: The most common causes of vision impairment in developed nations are abnormalities of the posterior eye tissues. Poor drug distribution to lesions in patient's eyes is a key barrier to ocular disease therapy. The existence of barriers, such as the corneal barrier, aqueous barrier, and inner and outer blood-retinal barriers, severely limits medication accessibility in these locations. Because of its anatomical peculiarities, the posterior portion is particularly difficult to access for medications. The use of several new strategies for drug delivery is therefore a viable option for enhanced therapy of ocular disorders since recent advances in ocular drug delivery systems research have brought fresh insights into drug development.

Conclusion: This article provides an overview of several aspects of ocular medication administration to the posterior region, with a focus on nano carrier-based approaches, suprachoroidal drug delivery system and ophthalmic devices, including the structure of the eye, its barriers, delivery routes, and the present status of drugs/devices.
Overview on Ocular Manifestations of Albinism- A Review
Authors: Albahlool Abdulrahman M. , Almajed Fatema Adel , Alwabari Maryam Essa , Hilmi Rana Mohammed , Abahussain Reem Mohammed Saad , Alasgah Sarah Mohammed , Bnfadliah Rima Salman M. , Alekrish Khalid Alwalid , Alharbi Zinab M. Abuammah , Almomen Mohammad Maitham
Published: August 2021

Albinism is a set of heritable disorders in ectoderm-derived tissue linked with reduced or missing melanin. Reduce melanin synthesis might include the skin, hair follicles and the eye, causing eyelid or locating the eye in the main, leading to eye albinism. Common eye symptoms include foveal hypoplasia, fundal hypopigmentation, iris transillumination, nystagma, visual acuity reduction, stereopsis decreased or absent, squint, and abnormalities in refractive functionality. Fixing the refractive defect, sun glasses or specific photo aversion filter lenses and prismatism for an irregular head posture may be needed. Operation with strabismus is typically unneeded but may be done to enhance the peripheral fields of visual fusion. In this review, we summarize ocular manifestations of albinism.
Anti-Hepatotoxic Effect of Vananimbuka (Glycosmis pentaphylla Retz.)
Authors: Thankachan Shyny , Damodar Vishnu , Kulkarni Bhagavan G.
Published: August 2021

Liver, one of the largest of organs and a chief site for intense metabolism and excretion. It has a surprising role in the maintenance, performance and regulating homeostasis of the body. The major functions of liver are carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, detoxification, secretion of bile and storage of vitamin. Maintaining a healthy liver is a crucial factor for overall health and well-being. But it is continuously and frequently exposed to environmental toxins, abused by poor food habits and alcohol. Prescribed and over-the-counter drugs can eventually lead to various liver ailments like hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Thus liver diseases are some of the fatal health issues in the world today. According to Ayurveda, Yakrut is considered as one of the 15 koshtangas. It is also considered as sthana of ranjaka pitta and plays an important role in maintenance of agni. Hepatic disorders can be compared to yakrut vikaras and yakrutpleeha vikaras. In ayurveda Vananimbuka discribtion is available for yakrut vikara.
Synthesis and Research of Nanocompositions of Oxide Materials Based on Titanium Dioxide for use as Contrast Agents in Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Kupriyanov Artem Nikolaevich , Fidarova Diana Evgen’evna , Makhmudova Linda  Ruslanovna , Gadzhiev Magomed Rasulovich , Nimatulaeva Shuainat Ruslanovna , Durniyazov Magomed Narimanovich , Maslova Alina Yuryevna , Povetkin Sergey Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the contrasting properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in various compositions were considered. In the course of the work, methods for the synthesis of oxide materials SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-ZrO2, TiO2-ZrO2 and SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 were developed; the microstructure of oxide materials SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-ZrO2, TiO2-ZrO2and SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2was studied; the stability of oxide materials SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-ZrO2, TiO2-ZrO2and SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 was determined. The elemental composition of the oxide materials SiO2-TiO2, SiO2-ZrO2, TiO2-ZrO2and SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 has also been studied using SEM and XRD methods. It was found that SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposites with content of titanium dioxide from 8 to 9.5 % and zirconium dioxide from 0.5 to 2 % are completely insoluble in a highly alkaline medium. Thus, this composition is the most optimal for use as a contrast agent in optical coherence tomography.
JWES: a new pipeline for whole genome/exome sequence data processing, management, and gene‐variant discovery, annotation, prediction, and genotyping
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Renart Eduard Gibert , Mishra Deepshikha , Zeeshan Saman
Published: August 2021

Whole genome and exome sequencing (WGS/WES) are the most popular next‐generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies and are at present often used to detect rare and common genetic variants of clinical significance. We emphasize that automated sequence data processing, management, and visualization should be an indispensable component of modern WGS and WES data analysis for sequence assembly, variant detection (SNPs, SVs), imputation, and resolution of haplotypes. In this manuscript, we present a newly developed findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) bioinformatics‐genomics pipeline Java based Whole Genome/Exome Sequence Data Processing Pipeline (JWES) for efficient variant discovery and interpretation, and big data modeling and visualization. JWES is a cross‐platform, user‐friendly, product line application, that entails three modules: (a) data processing, (b) storage, and (c) visualization. The data processing module performs a series of different tasks for variant calling, the data storage module efficiently manages high‐volume gene‐variant data, and the data visualization module supports variant data interpretation with Circos graphs. The performance of JWES was tested and validated in‐house with different experiments, using Microsoft Windows, macOS Big Sur, and UNIX operating systems. JWES is an open‐source and freely available pipeline, allowing scientists to take full advantage of all the computing resources available, without requiring much computer science knowledge. We have successfully applied JWES for processing, management, and gene‐variant discovery, annotation, prediction, and genotyping of WGS and WES data to analyze variable complex disorders. In summary, we report the performance of JWES with some reproducible case studies, using open access and in‐house generated, high‐quality datasets.
The influence of advertising creativity on the effectiveness of commercial and public service advertisements: A dual‐task study
Authors: Shen Wangbing , Wang Suyuhan , Yu Jie , Liu Zongying , Yuan Yuan , Lu Fang
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to examine the influence of advertising creativity on the effectiveness of commercial and noncommercial advertisements in a situation involving attention competitions. Consequently, a dual‐task paradigm in which an additional task of time production was completed while viewing advertisements that were creative or common was used. Both memory performance and self‐rated purchase intent were assessed. The results showed that advertising creativity has an impact on recognition and purchase intent, with greater accuracy and more favorable purchase intent for creative advertisements, and that the interaction between the advertisement type and creativity categories is significant, with the standard, noncommercial advertisements triggering the lowest purchase intent. These findings provide further evidence suggesting that creative advertising is a useful strategy for improving advertising effectiveness. This study also presents a novel finding resembling anchoring effects with regard to the potential difference in perceived effectiveness between commercial and noncommercial advertisements across two levels of advertising creativity.
Color‐Stable Deep‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Organotrichlorosilane Post‐Treatment
Authors: Zou Guangruixing , Li Zhenchao , Chen Ziming , Chu Linghao , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong
Published: August 2021

Recent studies of sky‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have extensively promoted optimal device design to achieve an external quantum efficiency (EQE) above 12%. However, the development of thin‐film deep‐blue PeLEDs lags dramatically behind, especially with regards to meeting the latest Rec. 2020 standard. A trichloro(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl) silane post‐treatment that drives the emission of perovskite into the deep‐blue region, ranging from 440 to 460 nm, which meets the Rec. 2020 standard, is proposed. The chlorine ions released from the organotrichlorosilane molecules during their polycondensation reaction provide an addition halide source to fine tune the composition of the mixed halide perovskite films, leading to increase of bandgap and deep‐blue emission. In addition, hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy groups of silane molecules and halide anions in perovskite can suppress ion migration for improving emission stability. As a result, an optimal PeLED is developed with deep‐blue emission at 458 nm and excellent color stability, which yields an EQE and luminance of 1.1% and 130 cd m−2, respectively, representing a state‐of‐the‐art result for thin‐film PeLEDs in this emission region. This work paves the way to achieve high‐performance deep‐blue PeLEDs with stable emissions to meet the demand for potential applications such as full‐color display.
Mechanical Properties of Bioengineered Corneal Stroma
Authors: Formisano Nello , van der Putten Cas , Grant Rhiannon , Sahin Gozde , Truckenmüller Roman K. , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , Kurniawan Nicholas A. , Giselbrecht Stefan
Published: August 2021

For the majority of patients with severe corneal injury or disease, corneal transplantation is the only suitable treatment option. Unfortunately, the demand for donor corneas greatly exceeds the availability. To overcome shortage issues, a myriad of bioengineered constructs have been developed as mimetics of the corneal stroma over the last few decades. Despite the sheer number of bioengineered stromas developed , these implants fail clinical trials exhibiting poor tissue integration and adverse effects in vivo. Such shortcomings can partially be ascribed to poor biomechanical performance. In this review, existing approaches for bioengineering corneal stromal constructs and their mechanical properties are described. The information collected in this review can be used to critically analyze the biomechanical properties of future stromal constructs, which are often overlooked, but can determine the failure or success of corresponding implants.
A Bioresorbable Dynamic Pressure Sensor for Cardiovascular Postoperative Care
Authors: Ouyang Han , Li Zhe , Gu Min , Hu Yiran , Xu Lingling , Jiang Dongjie , Cheng Sijing , Zou Yang , Deng Yu , Shi Bojing , Hua Wei , Fan Yubo , Li Zhou , Wang Zhonglin
Published: August 2021

Bioresorbable electronics that can be absorbed and become part of the organism after their service life are a new trend to avoid secondary invasive surgery. However, the material limitation is a significant challenge. There are fewer biodegradable materials with pressure‐sensitive properties. Here, a pressure sensor based on the triboelectric effect between bioabsorbable materials is reported. This effect is available in almost all materials. The bioresorbable triboelectric sensor (BTS) can directly convert ambient pressure changes into electrical signals. This device successfully identifies abnormal vascular occlusion events in large animals (dogs). The service life of the BTS reaches 5 days with a high service efficiency (5.95%). The BTS offers excellent sensitivity (11 mV mmHg−1), linearity (R2 = 0.993), and good durability (450 000 cycles). The antibacterial bioresorbable materials (poly(lactic acid)–(chitosan 4%)) for the BTS can achieve 99% sterilization. Triboelectric devices are expected to be applied in postoperative care as bioresorbable electronics.
54 cm2 Large‐Area Flexible Organic Solar Modules with Efficiency Above 13%
Authors: Qin Fei , Sun Lulu , Chen Hongting , Liu Yang , Lu Xin , Wang Wen , Liu Tiefeng , Dong Xinyun , Jiang Pei , Jiang Youyu , Wang Lei , Zhou Yinhua
Published: August 2021

Development of large‐area flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly desirable for their practical applications. However, the efficiency of the large‐area flexible OSCs severely lags behind small‐area devices. Here, efficient large‐area flexible single cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.1% and 12.6% for areas of 6 and 10 cm2, and flexible modules with a PCE of 13.2% (54 cm2) based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Ag grid/silver nanowires (AgNWs):zinc‐chelated polyethylenimine (PEI‐Zn) composite electrodes are reported. The solution‐processed flexible transparent electrode of AgNWs:PEI‐Zn shows low surface roughness and good optoelectronic and mechanical properties. PEI‐Zn is conductive and optically transparent. It can adhere to and wrap the AgNWs under electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged surface (AgNWs) and positively charged protonated amine groups (in PEI‐Zn). It wraps the AgNWs networks and fills the void space to achieve a smooth surface. The flexible electrode is validated in both flexible OSCs and flexible quantum‐dots light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). Small‐area flexible OSCs show a PCE of 16.1%, and flexible QLEDs show an external quantum efficiency of 13.3%. In the end, a flexible module is demonstrated to charge a mobile phone as a flexible power source (shown in Video S1, Supporting Information).
Cataluminescence in Er‐Substituted Perovskites
Authors: Borgschulte Andreas , Sambalova Olga , Billeter Emanuel , Sterzi Andrea , Niggli Jana , Welte Bastian , Heel André , Holzner Reto
Published: August 2021

Thermophotovoltaic devices have promising applications for energy conversion. However, current conversion efficiency of chemical energy to light is very low, limited by the competing process of heat dissipation released as black body radiation. From a fundamental point of view, the direct conversion of chemical energy into light without this detour is possible. This so called cataluminescence from methanol combustion over Er‐substituted SrTiO3 with high efficiency is demonstrated. The catalytically active quaternary perovskites Er0.15La0.15Sr0.55Ti0.95Cu0.05O3 − δ exsolute and reabsorb metallic Cu particles onto the surface in reducing and oxidizing conditions, respectively. Thus, it is able to manipulate the surface structure and investigate its influence on the catalytic as well as luminescent properties. The fuel to air ratio around the stoichiometry point changes the conditions from reducing to oxidizing and thereby alters the surface properties. This is evidenced by post mortem X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoemission as well as operando optical spectroscopy. Cataluminescence takes place under oxidizing conditions (lean fuel to air mixture) on the Er‐perovskite oxide with a strong selective near infrared emission, while reducing conditions stimulate formation of plasmonic Cu‐nanoparticles, which emit black body radiation.