bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zirconium-catalysed direct substitution of alcohols: enhancing the selectivity by kinetic analysis
Authors: Margarita Cristiana , Villo Piret , Tuñon Hernando , Dalla-Santa Oscar , Camaj David , Carlsson Robin , Lill Malin , Ramström Anja , Lundberg Helena
Published: September 2021

Kinetic analysis was used as a tool for rational optimization of catalytic direct substitution of alcohols to enable selective formation of ethers, thioethers, and Friedel–Crafts alkylation products using a moisture-tolerant and commercially available Zr complex.
Carbon nanomaterials and their impact on membrane separation applications
Authors: Rogers Reginald E. , Martin Stephen M.
Published: September 2021

Design, use, and recyclability of carbon nanomaterials in membranes provide new opportunities for advancing separation applications.
Monitoring DOM in drinking water supply systems using DOC, CODMn, UV and fluorescence measurements
Authors: Wang Huai-Ji , Wang Yan , Han Xue , Zhang Jie , Liu Jun-Ling , Xiang Yu-Fan , Zhou Meng-Xuan , Guo Pei-Lin , Tang Fei , Liu Ai-Lin
Published: September 2021

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has detrimental effects on drinking water treatment, distribution water quality and human health.
Boosting the value of insoluble dietary fiber to increase gut fermentability through food processing
Authors: Lamothe Lisa M. , Cantu-Jungles Thaisa M. , Chen Tingting , Green Stefan , Naqib Ankur , Srichuwong Sathaporn , Hamaker Bruce R.
Published: September 2021

Processing can increase the fermentability of insoluble dietary fibers by the human gut microbiota.
A novel aggregation-induced emission poly(phosphoramidate): fluorescence properties and visual detection for Cu2+
Authors: Guo Liulong , Yan Hongxia , Wang Lianlian , Yang Pengfei , Yan Lirong , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2021

A novel AIE poly(phosphoramidate) was synthesized through an ester ammonolysis reaction by using triethyl phosphate and diamines. Surprisingly, the obtained polymer is sensitive to Cu2+ and can be used as an in situ visual detection agent for Cu2+.
Excited states engineering enables efficient near-infrared lasing in nanographenes
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe M. , Chen Qiang , Muñoz-Mármol Rafael , Guizzardi Michele , Bonal Víctor , Kabe Ryota , Barker Alexander J. , Boj Pedro G. , Chatterjee Shreyam , Ie Yutaka , Villalvilla José M. , Quintana José A. , Scotognella Francesco , Müllen Klaus , Díaz-García María A. , Narita Akimitsu , Lanzani Guglielmo
Published: September 2021

Organic molecules usually exhibit optical gain losses in the NIR, due to the absorption of charged species/triplets. We report on a nanographene molecule in which the minimisation of such losses enable the achievement of low-threshold NIR lasing.
MC2 (M = Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo) monolayers containing C2 dimers: prediction of anode materials for high-performance sodium ion batteries
Authors: Xu Zhanzhe , Lv Xiaodong , Gu Wenyue , Li Fengyu
Published: September 2021

Seeking novel high performance anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is an attractive theme in developing energy storage devices.
Developing high voltage Zn(TFSI)2/Pyr14TFSI/AN hybrid electrolyte for a carbon-based Zn-ion hybrid capacitor
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Ziqiang , Wang Gaowei , Feng Jianze , Ma Quanhu
Published: September 2021

Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs), integrating the typical characteristics of Zinc ion batteries and supercapacitors, have become a promising candidate to replace or supplement lithium-ion energy storage technology.
A nanopillar-modified high-sensitivity asymmetric graphene–GaN photodetector
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Xiaodong , Hu Tiangui , Zhu Wenkai , Yan Faguang , Wu Tiesheng , Wang Kaiyou , Zhao Lixia
Published: September 2021

Integration of two-dimensional (2D) materials with three-dimensional (3D) semiconductors leads to intriguing optical and electrical properties that surpass those of the original materials.
Carbon-doping-induced energy-band modification and vacancies in SnS2 nanosheets for room-temperature ppb-level NO2 detection
Authors: Wu Ruozhen , Hao Juanyuan , Wang Tingting , Zheng Shengliang , Wang You
Published: September 2021

Carbon-doping mediated synergistic effect of energy-band modification and vacancy provides a new solution for developing high-performance LMDs-based gas sensors.
A dye-sensitized solar cell based on magnetic CoP@FeP4@Carbon composite counter electrode generated an efficiency of 9.88%
Authors: Du Yu , Yue Gentian , Lan Zhang , Gao Yueyue , Wu Jihuai , Tan Furui
Published: September 2021

We present a facile systematic hydrothermal-phosphorization processing procedure for in situ growth of CoP@FeP4 on carbon paper, which could be used efficient counter electrodes in DSSCs with enhanced efficiency of 9.88%, much higher than that of the Pt (7.49%) CE.
Ni-Catalyzed direct iminoalkynylation of unactivated olefins with terminal alkynes: facile access to alkyne-labelled pyrrolines
Authors: Zhang Xingjie , Qi Di , Jiao Chenchen , Zhang Zhiguo , Liu Xiaopan , Zhang Guisheng
Published: September 2021

The first example of iminoalkynylation of unactivated olefins with terminal alkynes was achieved by a nickel-catalyzed iminyl-radical cyclization/Sonogashira-type coupling sequence.
Molecular insight into carbon dioxide hydrate formation from saline solution
Authors: Liu Chanjuan , Zhou Xuebing , Liang Deqing
Published: September 2021

In the process of the carbon dioxide hydrate formation in NaCl solution, it could form 512, 51262 and 51263 cages, and the 51262 cage and 512 cage number ratio was slightly above 3 : 1.
Microstructure and electrochemical properties of high performance graphene/manganese oxide hybrid electrodes
Authors: Hamade Fatima , Radich Emmy , Davis Virginia A.
Published: September 2021

Tuning the microstructure of ultra-large reduced graphene oxide (RGO) 2D sheets and manganese oxide (MnO2) 1D nanowires to produce a hybrid material enabled achieving excellent electrochemical capacitive behavior for energy storage.
X-ray excited luminescence spectroscopy and imaging with NaGdF4:Eu and Tb
Authors: Ranasinghe Meenakshi , Arifuzzaman Md. , Rajamanthrilage Apeksha C. , Willoughby W. R. , Dickey Ashley , McMillen Colin , Kolis Joseph W. , Bolding Mark , Anker Jeffrey N.
Published: September 2021

We synthesized and characterized Eu and Tb doped NaGdF4 nanophosphors which generate visible light when excited by a focused X-ray beam. High resolution images were acquired through tissue by measuring light intensity vs. X-ray beam position.
Microwave-driven hydrogen production (MDHP) from water and activated carbons (ACs). Application to wastewaters and seawater
Authors: Horikoshi Satoshi , Takahashi Leo , Sueishi Kirara , Tanizawa Honoka , Serpone Nick
Published: September 2021

We report on the low-temperature steam reforming and water–gas shift processes to generate H2efficiently from water passed through MW-heated activated carbon (AC) particles, contrary to the inefficient conventional steam reforming atT≈ 600 °C.
Regulated iron corrosion towards fabricating large-area self-supporting electrodes for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Xupo , Guo Xuyun , Gong Mingxing , Zhao Tonghui , Zhang Jian , Zhu Ye , Wang Deli
Published: September 2021

Regulated iron corrosion is used to prepare an oxygen evolution electrode with OER activity of affording a low overpotential of 291 mV to reach 500 mA cm−2 and long-term durability for 100 h. The corrosion mechanisms are studied systematically.
Wearable non‐invasive blood glucose monitor system based on galvanic skin resistance measurement
Authors: Donelli Massimo , Espa Giuseppe , Feraco Paola , Manekiya Mohammedhusen
Published: September 2021

This work proposes a wearable system for the non‐invasive measurement of the blood glucose level. In particular, the blood glucose variations are related with the skin resistance measured with a suitable sensor. A microcontroller is aimed to measure, store and transmits on a wireless channel, the blood glucose level in a simple, non‐invasive and unsupervised way. The system is particularly useful to monitoring the glucose level in diabetic patients, and to perform the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) useful to identify metabolic diseases and to diagnose diabetes mellitus in the early stage. The preliminary obtained results are quite promising and demonstrated the potentialities of the device as diagnostic and home care tool.
A robust decision framework for strategic behaviour of integrated energy service provider with embedded natural gas and power systems in day‐ahead wholesale market
Authors: Nasiri Nima , Zeynali Saeed , Ravadanegh Sajad Najafi , Rostami Naghi
Published: September 2021

The rampant growth in penetration of gas‐fired distributed units (GFDUs) is recasting the role of the integrated energy service provider (IESP) as a price‐maker player. Nevertheless, it is threatening the well‐being and reliability of the natural gas networks (NGNs). In this regard, this paper investigates the strategic participation of integrated 20‐node NGN and an 33‐bus active distribution system (ADS) in the day‐ahead wholesale market (WM), which consists of a six‐bus transmission network (TN), through a bi‐level optimization framework. The upper‐level objective is to minimize the operational costs of the IESP as well as the cost of energy that is purchased/sold in day‐ahead WM. The lower‐level problem models the optimal response of the wholesale market operator (WMO) that has the objective of maximizing social well‐fare by clearing the day‐ahead wholesale market. To alleviate the NGN's pipeline congestion, the linepack capability of the pipelines is deployed, while demand response program (DRP) and interruptible loads (IL) are integrated into the ADS side. As a computationally efficient method, robust optimization (RO) is utilized to handle the uncertainties. The results emphasize the necessity of integrating NGN into this problem. Eventually, different case studies illustrate the impact of line pack and DRP in reducing market‐clearing price.
AMMI stability for starch yield of cassava in the acid area for determining clones’ stability
Authors: Sholihin
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic stability of cassava promising clones’ cassava clones in acidic regions based on AMMI stability. The study was done during 2015-2018 in several environments in Lampung. The study was done using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were planted in 5 m x 4.8 m plot size, with 1 m distance between rows and 0.8 m within row. The plants were fertilized with 93 kg N, 36 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O per hectare. Seven cassava promising clones and two check varieties were used in this study. Data were analyzed using Excel, MSTAT-C and PBTOOLs. Research showed that compared with clone PC2, PC3, PC5 and clone PC7, clone PC1, PC4, PC6, UJ3 and clone UJ5 are more stable. According to the AMMI analysis, based on the seven-month starch yield, the important environmental factors that determined the stability of cassava clones are the content of N and P2O5 in the upper soil layer and the cation exchange capacity ground. The starch yield in seven months of PC4 was the highest among the clones. Clone PC4 is potential to be developed in acid area.
Response of Indonesian rice varieties to iron toxicity under field and green house condition
Authors: Sitaresmi Trias , Dewi Katerine , Rumanti Indrastuti Apri , Herlinda Siti , Nugraha Yudhistira
Published: September 2021

Excess of reduced iron (Fe2+) will affect the plant growth of rice when it is grown under waterlogged condition. Some rice genotypes have been identified tolerance to iron toxicity with different mechanism-type of tolerance. This study aims to identify the response of some rice genotypes to iron toxicity, and to evaluate their consistency in the greenhouse screening method and the field condition. The experiments were conducted in iron toxicity hotspot area, Banyuasin (South Sumatera) and the control as irrigated rice field was in Sukamandi (West Java). The green house experiment of Fe toxicity was done using 400 ppm of Iron with Yoshida Agar Solution method. The response of rice plant to iron toxicity was observed on leaf bronzing score (LBS), iron content and uptake, biomass, yield and yield components and stress tolerant index (STI). We found that there was not clear relationship between the iron content with the leaf bronzing symptom depending on type of tolerant while the stress tolerance index was corelated with the yield. There were two varieties was identified as tolerant, namely Cilamaya Muncul as includer tolerant genotype and Awan Kuning as the excluder tolerant genotype. The information of the distinct response those rice germplasms can be used for recommendation for further study and development of rice tolerant to iron toxicity condition.
Plant density and water management effect to leaf folder and narrow brown spot severity in irrigated rice
Authors: Pustika Arlyna B. , Kobarsih Mahargono
Published: September 2021

Rice Leaf Folder and Narrow Brown Spot cause yield losses of rice production. Environmental factors are suggested effects the severity of them. This research was aimed to determine the effect of plant density and water management to the severity of these pest and disease in the agro ecosystem of irrigated paddy field. Research was conducted using Inpari 44 variety in Godean Sleman Yogyakarta, April to July 2020. Experimental design was randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were plant density (high = 50 kg ha-1 and low = 25 kg ha-1) and water management (alternate wetting and drying/AWD, and continues flooding). Results showed that highest attack intensity of leaf folder (25%) was occurred in 42nd days after planting in high plant density with AWD. Meanwhile, highest severity of narrow brown spot (58%) was found in 63rd days after planting in plant with low density and continues flooding. High leaf folder attack intensity was caused by high plant density, but not effected by water management. At the other side, high severity of narrow brown spot was affected by water management, but not effected by plant density.
Diversity of local food crops in Central Java
Authors: Aristya Vina Eka , Supriyo Agus
Published: September 2021

Food needs serious handling in responding to the challenges of environmental changes and population growth. The diversity of local food crops has the advantage as a source of nutrition and breeding materials. The research aims to determine diverse local food crops in Central Java. A total of 120 farmers were selected by purposive random sampling from Tegal, Brebes, Banjarnegara, and Karanganyar regency, based on different agro-ecological sequences. The field inventory found 257 varieties of 11 types of exotic crops. The compositions of local rice varieties (Indica and Javanica) included seven red rice, nine black rice, 27 white rice, 17 glutinous rice, one animal feed rice, three upland rice, and eight aromatic ones. The frequency of the species distribution rate proves was very narrow in Tegal-Brebes, limited in Banjarnegara, and spread evenly in Karanganyar. The Shannon Diversity Index revealed the diverse species in a region. Banjarnegara had the highest species abundance index. The relationship between the Shannon Diversity Index and Equitability Index illustrates the dominant types of local food plants, especially in Karanganyar dominated by rice. The Sorensen Similarity Coefficient was used to estimate the level of structural similarity between species and regions. Tegal-Brebes have similar species composition and agro-ecological.
Incorporating adoption of agricultural bio-innovation in a famers’ participatory parental seed production
Authors: Subekti Nuning Argo , Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Muliadi Ahmad , Nugraha Dedi , Wahab Moh. Ismail , Widiarta I Nyoman , Ramadhan Rizky Prayogo , Patriyawaty Nia Romania , Suriani Suriani , Muis Amran , Azrai Muhammad , Aminah Syarifah
Published: September 2021

TRIBAS is a biopesticide formulation developed from bacterial consortia of B. subtilis isolates. The formulation can control maize diseases, particularly those caused by pathogenic fungi. This research was conducted to validate the effectiveness of TRIBAS to support growth and yield of several maize inbred grown for parental seed production of several high yielding hybrids. A local seed growers’ participatory evaluation was set up in three districts in South Sulawesi (Maros, Soppeng, and Bone) using 5 maize inbred, i.e., MR-15, N-79, NEI-9008, AMB-20, and MAL-03. Each was grown following standard seed growing procedures with an additional treatment, with and without TRIBAS application. The results showed that the application of TRIBAS through seed treatment and plant spraying was able to inhibit the incidence of three main fungal diseases in maize, i.e, P. philippinensis, R. solani and B. maydis. The application did not result in significant seed productivity increase; however, it provides economic added value of up to IDR 5,724,000/Ha, considering that the seeds being propagated are parental seeds whose prices are relatively high (Rp 90,000/Kg). Continuous application of TRIBAS is expected to increase bacteria population in the soil, which, gradually would result in the increase of crop productivity.
The effect of straw compost on nutrient uptake and yield of rice in newly opened and intensive lowland
Authors: Lenin Ismon , Siska Widia , Mirnia Eka
Published: September 2021

The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of natural materials added to the rice straw fermentation process; and to find the best formula for organic fertilizers to increase nutrient uptake, growth, and rice grain yield in newly opened and intensive lowland. The research was conducted at West Sumatra AIAT’s laboratory and lowlands at Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia from July to December 2017. The first research included three formulas of organic fertilizers and the second included six treatments produced from the first research. The results showed that increasing amount of titonia from 200 kg to 400 kg and rock phosphate from 5 kg to 20 kg per ton of rice straw increased compost’s nitrogen and phosphorus content of the compost from 1.22% to 1.36%, and from 0.75% to 1.68% respectively. Application of compost without inorganic fertilizers in newly opened lowland decreased 23% of yield and increased 4.7% yield when combined with inorganic fertilizers. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased 10-12% yield and decreased 10% of yield without inorganic fertilizers in intensive lowland. Application of organic fertilizer without inorganic fertilizers not significantly influenced the growth. Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is the best way to increase lowland rice yield.
Assessing disease severity of rice blast under different rates of nitrogen fertilizer and planting system
Authors: Nugroho Cipto , Raharjo Didik , Mustaha Muhammad Alwi , Asaad Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen rates and planting systems on the incidence and severity of rice blast under naturally infected rice plants and their relationship to rice yield performance. Recommended nitrogen rate for both direct seeding was 93.2kg/ha. Treatments consisted of 75% recommended-N rate, 100% recommended-N rate, 150% recommended-N, and existing farmer’s practice. Treatments were applied in a three-way splitted-N application at 14, 30, and 45 days after planting, respectively. The results indicate that rates of N fertilization affected disease incidence of the rice blast where the low-N application was generally lower than recommended-N rate, high-N rate, and farmer’s practice, both on jajar legowo 2:1 and broadcasted direct seeding. This study revealed that recommended-N application, although has a higher disease incidence than low-N application, could tolerate yield loss due to rice blast by producing more productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and reducing the number of unfilled grains. This study generally showed that jajar legowo 2:1 direct seeding gave lower disease incidence and severity to the rice blast than broadcasted direct seeding. The study suggested an appropriate recommended-N rate and jajar legowo 2:1 direct seeding (double row) was incorporated into the rice blast management strategies.
Agronomic characteristics and shallot production in Tomohon city, North Sulawesi
Authors: Tandi Olvie G. , Salamba Herlina N. , Lintang Meivie , Mongan Bonifasius
Published: September 2021

The research aims to study the agronomic characteristics and production of shallots on three different varieties. The study used a Randomized Block Design using 3 varieties, Lansuna, Bima Brebes, and Trisula, with 5 replications. Fertilization based on the recommendations of the Vegetable Research Institute is manure 5 t ha-1, Ponska 600 kg ha-1, KCl 150 t ha-1, and Fertifos 100 kg ha-1. Fertilization is done 4 times, first when planting, and when the plant is 15, 30, and 45 days after planting. Parameters in the form of plant height, number of leaves, number of seeds, the diameter of tubers, weight of fresh and dried tubers. Data analysis using ANOVA and Duncan’s Smallest Real difference test by 5%. The results showed that the height of the plant and the number of leaves of the Bima Brebes variety differed markedly with the varieties Trisula and Lansuna varieties. At the same time, the number of seeds indicates that Trisula differs markedly from Bima Brebes and Lansuna. The diameter of tubers shows Lansuna is significantly different from the Bima Brebes and Trisula. At the same time, the fresh weight and dry weight of Bima Brebes are significantly different from Lansuna and Trisula.
In-vitro effectiveness test of leaf extract of cattapa and derris to control anthracnose in chili
Authors: Korlina Eli , Hasyim Ahsol
Published: September 2021

Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum capsici) is one of the main problem in the cultivation of chili. This study was aimed to discover about the extract of leaf extract of cattapa (Terminalia catappa L) and leaf extract of derris (Derris elliptica) against the growth of Colletotrichum capsici causes anthracnosis in chilli. The study was conducted at the Mycology Laboratory of Institute Vegetables Research Indonesia, on July - September 2018. The study used a randomized design complete (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of: leaf extract of derris (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0%), leaf extract of cattapa (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0%), and control (without treatment). The result showed that the leaf extract of derris more effective to suppress the conidial production of C. capsici. Development of colonies diameter leaf extract of derris was relatively smaller (3.24-4.31 cm), while for the treatment of leaf extract of cattapa showed larger colony size (6.02-6.82 cm).
Hybrid rice development in Indonesia: constraints and opportunities
Authors: Satoto  , Widyastuti Yuni
Published: September 2021

This paper reviews the constraints and opportunities of hybrid rice development in Indonesia. Indonesia has released more than a hundred hybrid rice varieties; Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) developed 21 varieties. Extensive trials were conducted on the various aspects of seed production by government sectors and private companies. Significant progress has been made in hybrid rice seed production, with seed yield increasing from 1 t/ha to 3 t/ha. Various problems should be considered to develop a good seed production system. The constraints are the low outcrossing rate, shortage of suitable land, high cost and labor, lack of trained personnel, climatic fluctuations in rainfall and temperature, and limited hybrid rice seed grower. Private sectors investment in hybrid rice has been increased. Positive support from government and private companies will boost hybrid rice’s adoption rapidity. Collaboration of hybrid rice dissemination across institutions was a meaningful way to encourage hybrid rice adoption. Optimizing seed production technologies could significantly increase the present level of hybrid seed yield. The opportunities are an increase of rice demand, various materials genetic, distribution of rice ecosystem, and public-private sector partnership that developed on hybrid seed production to accelerate the adoption of hybrid rice. It supports not only the research and development but also the dissemination and adoption.
Purple-fleshed sweet potato genotypes as the ingredients for crisps and noodle making
Authors: Ginting Erliana , Utomo Joko Susilo , Restuono Joko
Published: September 2021

The presence of anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweet potato has been intensively promoted as functional foods regarding its high antioxidant activity and essential health benefits. Therefore, a number of attractive and nutritious food products needs to be developed in order to diversify the utilization and increase the consumption. As selected promising purple-flesh sweet potato genotypes have been available, their suitability prepared for different food products needs to be studied. About 12 genotypes of sweet potato with varied purple color intensity or deepness were processed into crispy chips (crisps) and noodles and evaluated their physical properties (yield, lightness, hardness) and sensorial attributes (color, aroma, texture, taste) using a Hedonic test with 20 panelists. The results showed that sweet potato genotypes with purple flesh in combination with yellow/orange or white color, namely MSU 06046-74, Antin 1, and MSU 06044-05 were suitable for crisps making, followed by those with medium purple color, such as Aya Murasaki, MIS 0612-73, MIS 0614-02, MIS 0601-22, and MSU 06014-51. Conversely, sweet potato with deep purple color, namely MSU 06028-71 and MSU 06046-48 were tailored for the ingredients of noodles. This information would be useful for releasing new purple sweet potato varieties in addition to their excellent agronomic traits.
Influence of AM fungi inoculation on Capsicum annuum L. plant grown in microwave-sterilized media
Authors: Pratama Aulia Brellian , Mangunwardoyo Wibowo , Chandra Nicholas Dwi , Napitupulu Toga Pangihotan , Idris Idris , Kanti Atit , Ikhwani Azra Zahrah Nadirah , Sudiana I Made , Guswenrivo Ikhsan
Published: September 2021

The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal in soil may affect growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). This experiment was done to know the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of chilli. Microwave soil sterilization was used to reduce the number of microbes in the media, enabling to observe the interaction between chili peppers and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A single culture products (A) and mixed culture products (B) were used as arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. In contrast to product A, the spore counted calculation reported that product B had the most spores, with 51 spores / 50 g soil. The treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microwave sterilization against the height of chili plant had no significant effect, according to a two-factor ANOVA (α: 0.05) analysis of agronomic characteristics. Inoculation of mycorrhizae had a significant effect on chili plant height. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and microwave sterilization had significant effect on the root length of chili plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in single and mixed cultures could colonize roots by forming internal hyphae, vesicles, and spores. The best way to support the growth of chili plants is to use planting media that has not been sterilized and contains mycorrhizal fungi.
Readiness of farmer groups to adopt the floating rice cultivation in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java Province
Authors: Irianto Heru , Mujiyo  , Qonita Aulia , Riptanti Erlyna Wida
Published: September 2021

This study aimed at investigating the preparedness of the local farmers as the agents of change for floating rice cultivation in a flood-prone area. This study was carried out in Balungdowo Hamlet, Karangdayu Village, Baureno Sub-district, Bojonegoro Regency. The site was selected due to its flooded condition so that it met the criteria for the research location of floating rice cultivation. Samples for this research were taken using purposive sampling technique. The samples were two farmer groups cultivating floating rice. The data selecting instruments included observation, documentation, and interview. This research applied a qualitative method with descriptive approach. The results have shown that Farmers are not ready to implement floating rice technology, although floating rice cultivation is almost the same as other rice cultivation. Because the operational costs of floating rice cultivation are high, so it takes a lot of effort to ensure that floating rice cultivation can be done by minimizing costs by utilizing local natural resources. Moreover, most members of farmer groups are not at a productive age, with low education level (elementary school-graduated) and monthly income of fewer than IDR 1,000,000.00.
Partnership expansion between farmers and the herbal medicine industry for community economic development
Authors: Daru Mulyono
Published: September 2021

The objectives of the research is to increase productivity and quality of medicinal plant so it will develop the economic community. The research is an analytical descriptive research with the information and primary data was gathered through various methods such as audience with key informant and discussion. Secondary data was gathered through scientific publication review. The world demand for herbal medicine continues to increase sharply especially with the spread of Covid-19 outbreak around the world. However, until now the development of medicinal plant cultivation in Indonesia have not developed properly. Results of the research indicate that through the partnership, the herbal medicine industry will provide several facilities to farmers in obtaining access to cultivation technology, capital, seeds, fertilizers, including counseling. Because of the facilities, farmers can cultivate according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) principles so that the productivity and quality of medicinal plants increased. In order to achieve success of the partnership, the government should provide policies to support synergistic partnership between medicinal plant farmer and Herbal Medicine Industry. Through the partnership is expected that the upstream and downstream sides will gain benefits so it will occur sustainable synergy and lead to support government programs in empowerment of economic community.
Covid-19: impact on agricultural and anticipate strategies
Authors: Wasito  , Hermawan Hari , Mulyono Joko , Sirnawati Enti , Sihombing Yennita , Ratri Dian Nur
Published: September 2021

The increasingly widespread of the Covid-19 virus in various countries worldwide has suppressed global economic growth, including Indonesia. The pandemic also impacts on agricultural sector especially on food production, distribution, consumption, and potential for a food crisis. The agricultural sector is the last sector that can withstand any shock. This paper aims to bring information impacts the Covid-19 outbreak has on the agricultural sector, and propose strategies and action for the Indonesia Government in maintaining the stability of the agricultural sector during and after Covid-19. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis by describing the phenomena that occurred in the agricultural sector as an impact of Covid-19. The increasing spread of the Covid-19 outbreak has led to a decline in the performance of the agricultural sector. Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on reducing production by 5% due to distraction on the distribution but at the same time, food needs have increased by 5% due to panic buying and decreased import by 5% due to limiting exports. In addition, it also affects the food supply chain, and the threat of food insecurity due to the spread of Covid-19 to villages that are food producers and an increase in unemployment. Therefore Reorienting policy and programs in agriculture and ensuring availability of facilities and assistance for stability stock and the price is required.
Profitability and income analysis of a rice seed cultivation partnership
Authors: Ulpah Amalia , Sirnawati Enti
Published: September 2021

The seed farming is a promising business that can be a solution to increase farmers’ income. However, limited capital, narrow land, and limited human resources and technology often become obstacles for farmers, especially small farmers, in running their business. Partnership patterns between rice seed farmers and partner companies can be a solution to overcome these problems. This study aims to determine the effect of partnerships on the level of profitability and farmer income. The research was conducted in Subang Regency, Indonesia. Samples were taken as many as 50 rice seed farmers. The analysis carried out includes cost analysis, income and profitability analysis. The results showed that rice seed farmers who have partners are more profitable than farmers who are not partners. This can be seen from the value of the R/C ratio in the farms of partner farmers, which is greater than that of non-partner farmers. Partner farmers have an R/C value of 1,3 while non-partner farmers have an R/C value of 1,14. When viewed from an income perspective, the income of partner farmers is higher than that of non-partner farmers. The income of the partner farmers is IDR 8.803.095, - while the non-partner farmers’ income is Rp. 4.154.691, -.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban farming household income in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Anggita Sotya Tresna , Irham  , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: September 2021

The people of Yogyakarta City have been carrying out urban farming activities for the last decades to take advantage of their home garden. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, their level of livelihood has been declining due to a decrease in their income level. The income decrease of the urban people who carry out urban farming can be caused by vulnerability and demographic factors. The research was conducted in Kraton and Wirobrajan Sub-districts from June to July 2020 through questionnaires filled by 65 respondents. This study aims to: estimate the current household income of urban people who carryout urban farming; determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the household income of urban people who carry out urban farming; analyze the effect of vulnerability and demographic factors on the householdincome decrease of urban peoplecarrying out urban farmingduring the COVID-19 pandemic. Wilcoxon test and multiple linear regression method are used in this study. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly caused a decrease in household income for urban people carrying out urban farming. Women’s main income earner and the exposure index individually have positive effects on the household income decreaseof these urban people.
The effect of technology on the development and income of goat business in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Wirasti Christina Astri , Gunawan  , Andarwati Siti , Budisatria I. Gede Suparta
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of introduction technology on the development of goats and income of goat business. This study was conducted at 4 farmer groups in Kulon Progo regency, Yogyakarta. The study has been done on 83 farmers in model A and 28 farmers in model B. Model A is a goat farming model with innovation, while model B without innovation. Innovation in farmers model A include the use of stage cages, mating calendars and optimization of goat feed by utilizing cocoa biomass. The variables observed were goat productivity for 9 months (April to December, 2015). Independent t-test was done to analyze the productivity of goats between models A and B. The results showed that the average number of goats for 9 months on model A increased from 4.2 to 5.0 heads, whereas in model B increased from 3.4 to 3.8 heads. The birth of a kid for 9 months on model A was 1.9 ± 0.9 heads higher than model B of 1.2 ± 0.3 heads. Income on farmer model A (IDR 3.28 million/year) higher than farmer model B (IDR 0.97 million/year). The study implied that introduction technology should be increased the goat productivity and income of goat business.
Partnership schemes in implementing mandatory garlic planting rules for importers: the case in East Lombok, Magelang, and Temanggung
Authors: Kiloes Adhitya Marendra , Puspitasari  , Mulyono Djoko , Prabawati Sulusi , Devy Nirmala Friyanti , Hardiyanto
Published: September 2021

National statistical data shows that almost all of Indonesia’s garlic needs are imported from other countries. Local production is only less than 10% of the total national demand for garlic. The Indonesian government is currently working to increase national garlic production in order to reduce imports dependency. One of the efforts taken is to increase the planting area through mandatory planting regulations for garlic importers. Every importer is required to grow garlic in Indonesia, which, if converted, is equivalent to five per cent of the total imported garlic. Importers are given freedom regarding the planting mechanism, whether to plant by themselves or through the partnership scheme with farmers. Particularly for the partnership scheme with farmers, it is necessary to study a partnership scheme that is mutually beneficial for both parties. A study was conducted in 2018 as part of a horticultural development policy analysis research to examine the effectiveness of cooperation in implementing mandatory garlic planting regulations for importers. This research was conducted in three locations, East Lombok, Magelang, and Temanggung. This study found that each of the three locations has different cooperation schemes. Farmers are interested in forming partnerships with importers for several reasons: certainty of obtaining seeds and operational costs, and other reasons such as marketing certainty and the opportunity to get cultivation technology assistance.
Financial feasibility of livestock feed business from palm oil plantation wastes
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Yoshi Tri , Haryanto Bambang , Hutahaean Lintje
Published: September 2021

There are three types of livestock feed as palm oil by-product, namely feed for fattening, feed for breeding and concentrates. This study aims to analyze the finansial feasibility of producing feed from palm oil waste and to analyze the added value of product from bio-industrial agricultural based on palm oil-cattle. This study was conducted in farmer group of bio-industrial agriculture in Sumber Makmur, Parenggean, Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, in December 2019. Data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussion. To analyze the finansial feasibility, used investment criteria: net benefit-cost ratio, break even point, and payback period, while to determine the added value of the product, used the Hayami method. The result showed that from net B/C ratio, BEP (rupiah and unit), and payback period, the business of animal feed for fattening, breeding, and concentrates are profitable. Among the three business of feed, business feed for fattening is more profitable than others. The ratio of the added value of each livestock feed business between 0,89-0.94. The result of the study showed that the three of feed business were feasible to develop. It can be considered by other farmer groups and investors to develop livestock feed business from oil palm cultivation waste.
Assessing virtual and on-site technical trainings during the first year of covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hanifah Vyta W. , Wahyudi Didu , Tresnawati Tika , Ulpah Amalia , Hastuti Catur O. I. , Rahmawati  , Nurhayati  , Muharam Agus
Published: September 2021

In 2020, Covid-19 pandemic firstly hit many countries including Indonesia. Since then, the methods on disseminating the agricultural technology have evolved accordingly. This paper assessed nine series of virtual and on-site technical trainings (or the so-called Bimtek in this paper) carried out from February to November 2020 in nine sub-districts from five provinces. Zoom application was used to deliver the materials during virtual Bimtek. Whilst, on-site training applied such methods: meeting in the classroom and field visit to practice the technology. The participants were diverse, among others: farmers and millennial farmers, extension officers, lecturers, college students and community (551 in total). The nature of participants depended on the type of Bimtek. Results showed that both Bimtek had the range of value between 70-85% in term of materials to meet the needs, materials to be applied, motivation and technical assistance from resource person. However, the percentage of knowledge change in virtual was higher than that in on-site Bimtek. Initial assessment showed that participants had good knowledge in remembering the technology, even some had also applied the technology in their farming practice. Thus, both Bimtek could improve farmers’ knowledge, from which the intention to change the farming practice could be persuaded.
The use of podcast in disseminating agricultural technology innovation: A SWOT analysis
Authors: Tresnawati Tika , Medionovianto Dani , Pradhipta Hatyanta Nuha
Published: September 2021

Downloadable audio files called podcasts have become popular within many areas of communication. Agricultural technology and innovation disseminators may wish to deliver their work to a larger audience but may not know how. The present study aims to explore the use of podcast series as a media for disseminating agricultural technology innovation and demonstrate the sustainability, and acceptance level of this dissemination platform. The agricultural technology innovation produced by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry of Agriculture were used as an input in creating a weekly series of agricultural and technology review podcasts. Based on the analysis of the SWOT approach, the right strategy in developing podcasts in the future is a weakness and opportunity strategy, where podcasts are a new thing that has several weaknesses as well as opportunities to be developed.
Understanding rice innovation needed for smallholder farmers in semi-arid area of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Ngongo Yohanis , Sitorus Alfonso , Huwae Cristine W. , Ramadhan Rizky Prayogo , Subekti Nuning Argo
Published: September 2021

Rice is grown in various environments across semi-arid areas of ENT province. This paper elaborates agricultural innovations delivered to the smallholder rice farmers and highlights their responses/adaptability. The research conducted in the state boundary of Indonesia-Timor Leste as part of AIAT-ENT program. The study showed that farmers having more access to rice innovation sources tend to adopt better and willing to purchase for external inputs. By adopting introduced rice innovations, co-operatives farmers in state boundaries were able to improve rice productivity from 1 – 2 ton/ha to 5 – 7.2 ton/ha. After 3 years of AIS implementation, almost all farmers have been continuously HYVs of rice. However, the sustainability of the innovation’s adoption has commonly disrupted by the availability of external inputs. Numerous rice-related innovations have been introduced; however, smallholder farmers were keen to adopt only limited ones that suitable with their specific environment and household circumstances. The study concluded that rice innovations delivered to improve rice productivity in semi-arid areas should be focus on specific target groups that suitable their environments and household’ circumstances. Rice-related innovations should be delivered in the broader context not merely to increase rice productivity, rather to improve smallholder semi-arid farmers’ resilience for food security.
Management on biotic stress to improve the nutmeg quality in North Moluccas, Indonesia
Authors: Assagaf Muhammad , Isroi  , Hidayat Yayat , Cahyaningrum Hermawati , Ibrahim Abubakar , Aji Himawan Bayu , Susanto Andriko Noto
Published: September 2021

Indonesia dominates about 76% of nutmeg production and export in the world, where around 28.26% is produced in North Moluccas and 24.25% of its from North Halmahera. The objectives of this study were to reduce the biotic stress, increase the yield and improve the quality of the nutmeg produced by Tarakani Farmer Group in Galela District. (1) the Morphology of dry fruit rot disease in each stratum and (2) nutmeg cultivation system collected through interviews; and (3) climatic data, including temperature, and rainfall obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency of Galela District. This study was conducted at west Galela District and Tarakani Farmer Group. The farmers implemented the sanitation techniques of the crops; i.e.: pruning, collection and pile up/bury of the dropped fruits and fumigation by burning some leaves of local trees and biotic stress be controlled. During one year a grade A of nutmeg increased from 5.7 tons to 37.6 tons or increased from 17.6% to 38.2%. Nutmeg grade C reduced from 40% to 25%%. This effort will still be forwarded by utilizing biological agents to reduce biotic stress, such as Trichoderma spp. to control fungal pathogens and Bacillus thurigiensis to pest control.
The critical review of agriculture technological transfer in the era of decentralization
Authors: Suwanan Ahmad Fawaiq , Rori Andrew Moirore , Kurniawan Dediek Tri
Published: September 2021

The progress of agricultural technological transfer in accordance with socio-economic conditions has long been recognized as an obstacle in accelerating agricultural development. After two decades of implementing decentralization, Indonesian agricultural technological transfer has become more complex. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance of the agricultural technological transfer after two decades of implementation of the decentralization in Indonesia. The lack of collaboration between the various agriculture institutions, as well as a centralistic approach in agricultural development for more than three decades considered to be the main inhibiting factor of the effectiveness of technological transfer. The implementation of the decentralization policy in early 2001 has affected in changes fundamental of the organizational structure and management of government institutions that carry out extension functions in agriculture. This fundamental change has implications in the performance of most agricultural sector’s organizations and personnel. Developing agricultural sustainable development requires collaboration between local, regional and central levels. In creating decentralized agricultural policy, including the technology transfer and innovation, it will be effective when they have commitment to a mutually support between related institutions. Pentahelix sinergy among stakeholders in local level will be substantial for maintaining long term agricultural sustainable development goals.
Recent studies and prospective application of ohmic heating for fermentation process: a mini-review
Authors: Sagita Diang , Darmajana Doddy Andy , Hidayat Dadang Dayat
Published: September 2021

This paper provides a mini-review on the utilization of ohmic heating technology in fermentation processes as a new prospect in postharvest and food science technology. Many scientific studies claim ohmic heatingas a novel technology that offers rapid and uniform heating while causing less thermal harm than traditional heating. Ohmic heating also provides high energy efficiency compared to conventional heating. These advantages make ohmic heating widely applied in various processes and gradually applied to the fermentation process for conditioning the optimum temperature. The principles of ohmic heating have already demonstrated scientific advances and there is steady progress in many sectors, including the food sector. Keeping these considerations, the present review describes several scientific studies related to the use of ohmic heating in the fermentation processes and its potential for further research and development. Several studies have reported that there is an effect of using ohmic heating in the fermentation process and has a positive impact on the results of fermented products.