bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE POWER CALCULATION OF THE LONGITUDINAL BEAM OF THE HEAD CAR BARROW IN THE SUBWAY ACTION IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BEAM OF UNIFORMALLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Authors: Kuznetzov O. , Chuprinin O. , Suprun T. , Babaev D.
Published: May 2021

Priority directions and events among basic industries of municipal electric transport is resource saving in a transport system of underground passage during his exploitation. First of all this problem must be decided by scientific accompaniment, id est on the stage of planning of details and knots of transport vehicles. One of the basic tasks decided on the stage of planning is an increase of bearing strength of details due to the analysis of their tensely-deformed state. The article is sanctified to the calculation of supply of carrying capacity of stringer of front carriage of subway at operating under the middle of the equipartition loading case-insensitive transversal forces. Priority of research theme is reasonable, an aim and tasks are set forth. Two going offer near the power calculation of bearing strength of stringer: calculation on the assumed tensions and on the maximum states. The resilient models of beams are examined in both cases. In case of calculation on the maximum state mechanics of origin of plastic hinges is first of all grounded in the places of the hard fixing of ends of beam. A beam saves the bearing strength still. At the further height of the external loading appearance of plastic hinge is justified even in the middle of beam with a simultaneous loss by the beam of bearing strength. For the design of behavior of beam in accordance with her descriptions, including on tensions and by the condition of loss of her bearing strength. The mathematical raising of task of calculation of bearing strength of stringer at the calculation of possible tensions and maximum state is examined case-insensitive transversal force. Bearing strength of stringer is analysed at a calculation on possible tensions and on the maximum state. The analysis of the got results allows to judge about efficiency of an offer mathematical model on the whole. Got equalizations for the maximally possible loading at a calculation on the maximum states and on possible tensions allows reliably to estimate bearing strength of stringer in both cases. The increase of bearing strength of beam at a calculation on the maximum state is thrice-repeated. Drawn conclusion about adequacy of analysis of bearing strength of stringer.
ON JUSTIFICATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS AND METHODS OF THEIR EVALUATION OF SPECIAL FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Authors: Prisyajnyuk V. , Semychayevsky S. , Yakimenko M. , Osadchuk M.
Published: May 2021

During the elimination of emergencies, fires and their consequences, units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine work in a specific environment, which is due to adverse factors affecting them. Fire hazards are manifestations that cause or may lead to burns, poisoning by volatile combustion products or injury or death, causing material and other damage. Dangerous factors of fire include: fever, smoke, deterioration of the gas environment.
To date, a number of different (both in terms of technical characteristics and type) special protective equipment is used to perform the tasks assigned by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, which may not always protect the firefighter from the effects of certain dangerous factors that occur in a fire. The current national standards in Ukraine set only the minimum technical requirements for such equipment, which are insufficient to identify substandard products that fall into the equipment of these units. Therefore, in order to prevent the use of such low-quality protective equipment, it is necessary to study all possible risks and dangers that arise during emergency response by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and develop reasonable requirements for special protective equipment and appropriate test methods.
The above determines the relevance of the study aimed at implementing in Ukraine modern requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation. This is necessary to implement the requirements of the Technical Regulations for construction products, buildings and structures in order to ensure the safety of rescue teams during firefighting.
In order to assist in solving this problem at the Institute of Public Administration and Research on Civil Protection by order of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine plans to conduct research on "Substantiation of quality indicators and methods of assessing special protective equipment firefighter" (topic code: Protective equipment - indicators quality "), which will develop a draft national standard of Ukraine, which sets requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation.
NOISE PROTECTIVE SCREENS AS MEANS OF OPTIMIZATION OF NOISE MODE
Authors: Abrakitov V. , Skrypnyk O. , Nesterenko S.
Published: May 2021

One of factors that negatively influence on an environment is noise. Noise can negatively influence on a health man. Determination of effective measures of noise rotection of workplaces became the aim of our researches.
Certainly, that the most more showy measure are the so-called screens. It is significant, it is the most effective entrance of the city. They became the theme of our research. By us were the studied systems of classifications of screens. They are divided depending on such parameters: on the method of action; after a geometrical form; after an outline in a plan; after the method of arranging, on material. Defining advantages or lacks of the two following charts is impossible (id est there is not sense). They are accepted as given. Consideration of frequent is carried out from the source of noise, that it is located in a narrow corridor between an abat-voix and other obstacle. For simplification it is possible to accept the location of source of noise directly on the surface of soil: the point of source of noise is successfully approximated by a location directly on the surface of soil; distance between this surface and very had an actual mestome to the locations, easily yields to the calculation, i always can be a little rather entered in a calculation as an insignificant additional correction. If we consider reflections not from the left, but from the right screen, absolutely adequate formulas can be derived, in which (taking into account the mirror symmetry of geometric construction), the corresponding indexes are simply replaced...
At some stage, the multiple reflection stops. This happens when the height of one of the reflection points exaggerates the height of one of the screens. The sound beam has nothing more to reflect, and it enters the space (to the sky). Therefore, when describing each reflection, we provide boundary conditions for its happening. A voice ray falls on a screen, and reflected from a that screen under the same corner q. It is suggested to "delete" a voice ray by us, directing him to sky above an oppositely stand-up screen after the first beating back.
Особливості минулорічного осіннього вірмено-азербайджанського збройного конфлікту: деякі актуальні рекомендації для України
Authors: Тютюнник В. П. , Горовенко В. К.
Published: May 2021

Розглянуто особливості минулорічного осіннього збройного конфлікту між Вірменією та Азербайджаном, проаналізовано основні чинники, що сприяли воєнній перемозі в ньому Баку та призвели до поразки Єревану, й за результатами цього запропоновано низку висновків і рекомендацій для врахування у процесах посилення обороноздатності України, вдосконалення оборонного планування та планування оборони держави, забезпечення відновлення її територіальної цілісності.
ERVİNG GOFFMAN’IN BENLİK KURAMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE İZLENİM YÖNETİMİ VE KİŞİLERARASI İLETİŞİME ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ZENGİN Ezgi
Published: May 2021

Benlik sunumu kavramı son dönemde özellikle sosyoloji, psikoloji ve iletişim bilimleri alanlarında sıklıkla çalışılan konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada da benlik sunumu kavramı kişilerarası iletişim bağlamında incelenmiştir.

Yapılan çalışma, Erving Goffman’ın en çok alıntılanan metinlerinden Günlük Yaşamda Benliğin Sunumu (The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life) çalışması özelinde benlik, benlik sunumu ve insan doğası kavrayışlarına derinlemesine bir değerlendirme yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle benlik ve benlik kuramcıları değerlendirilmiş, ardından Erving Goffman’ın kuramsal çerçevesi tanıtılarak benlik sunumu kavramı açıklanmış ve kavramların birbirleri ile olan ilişkisine değinilmiştir. Son olarak Goffman’ın sunmuş olduğu kuramın kişilerarası iletişime etkisi üzerinden bir tartışma yürütülmüştür.
Avaliação do estado nutricional correlacionado ao Aleitamento Materno em crianças de 5 a 10 anos no Município de Cascavel/PR
Authors: Godoy Laura Prado , Groto Anderson Dillmann , Pescador Marise Villas Boas
Published: May 2021

Introdução: O aleitamento materno apresenta inúmeros benefícios quando correlacionado ao desenvolvimento e crescimento infantil. A amamentação materna exclusiva até os seis meses proporciona inúmeros privilégios para o desenvolvimento do recém nato, benefícios estes que englobam desde o sistema imunológico até o estreitamento de laços familiares entre mãe e filho. Metodologia: Foram analisados, por meio de questionário estruturado, o estado nutricional atual e forma de nutrição durante a lactação de cento e cinquenta (150) crianças entre 5 a 10 anos. Resultados e Conclusão: Foi evidenciado que aleitamento materno exclusivo por pelo menos um mês é fator protetor para problemas relacionados ao peso (como baixo peso para a idade, sobrepeso ou obesidade) (p<0,001) e aleitamento por fórmula por pelo menos um mês é fator agravante para problemas relacionados ao peso (p<0,001).
Rabdomiossarcoma botrióide na vesícula urinária de um American Pitbull Terrier
Authors: Müller Melissa Cristina , Albinati Ana Catarina Luscher , Baraúna Júnior Durval , Santos Cássia Regina Oliveira , Ferreira Eliane Feitosa , Matos Wasley Carlos Gonçalves de
Published: May 2021

O rabdomiossarcoma botrióide é uma variante do rabdomiossarcoma embrionário e tem origem nas células musculares estriadas, ou precursores destas células, por isso podem se iniciar em partes do corpo com ausência de músculo estriado, como o trato urogenital. Geralmente, os cães acometidos são jovens até dois anos e as massas neoplásicas têm aspecto de cacho de uva. O objetivo do presente relato foi descrever um caso de rabdomiossarcoma botrióide em um cão, American Pittbull Terrier, de 16 meses que apresentou uma massa no interior da vesícula urinária, posteriormente diagnosticada através de exame histopatológico e imunoistoquímico. A massa era multilobulada, firme, rósea a vermelha com áreas multifocais de necrose e estava aderida na mucosa da região mais cranial da vesícula urinária emitindo ramificações disseminadas em direção ao trígono vesical. Microscopicamente, a neoplasia é constituída por duas populações celulares entremeadas a uma matriz mixóide, uma composta por células pequenas e redondas, com citoplasma escasso e núcleo basofílico hipercorado e a outra por células alongadas, com citoplasma eosinofílico e núcleo paracentral, ambas as populações celulares possuíam pleomorfismo moderado e 2 figuras de mitose por campo (400 x). Densidade celular aumentada foi observada abaixo do epitélio vesical. A combinação de exames complementares foi conclusiva para o diagnóstico da neoplasia.
Percepção dos profissionais da saúde acerca da comunicação de más notícias e óbitos no contexto perinatal
Authors: Silva Edilene Eva Garcia da , Rodriguez Giovana Cóssio , Silveira Gabriel Bloedow da , Laguna Thalyta Freitas dos Santos , Cella Maria Luisa Suárez Gutiérrez , Rangel Rosiane Filipin , Kruel Cristina Saling
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as percepções dos profissionais da assistência perinatal quanto à comunicação de más notícias e óbitos no contexto perinatal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Participaram do estudo 27 profissionais da assistência perinatal hospitalar, dentre esses, enfermeiras obstétricas, técnicas de enfermagem, enfermeiras residentes em enfermagem obstétrica, médicos ginecologistas obstetras. A coleta foi feita por meio de questionário com questões organizadas numa escala likert e questões abertas que foram submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo. Os dados revelam a dificuldade de o profissional vivenciar uma perda perinatal e lidar com a comunicação de más notícias. Conclui-se que, de acordo com a percepção dos profissionais da assistência perinatal, os mesmos sentem-se pouco preparados para a comunicação de más notícias e óbitos perinatais.
Characterization of Aiphanes aculeata fruit pulp and application in ice cream formulations
Authors: Fernandes Isabela de Andrade Arruda , Ponhozi Isadora Boaventura , Meira Ana Paula , Bergamin Gabriela Piastrelli , Gomes Raquel Guttierres
Published: May 2021

The characteristic color of the palm fruits Aiphanes aculeata, also known as Cariota-de-Espinho, suggests the presence of pigments such as carotenoids and anthocyanins, in addition these fruits present other compounds with health benefits such as minerals, vitamins and phenolics. However, there are no studies on the application of these fruits in food formulations since this palm tree is used only for urban landscaping. The present study aimed to characterize the Aiphanes aculeata pulp for proximate composition, physicochemical parameters, mineral contents, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity. Three ice cream formulations with the addition of different pulp concentrations were also produced, aimed to contribute to the technological and nutritional use of Aiphanes aculeata fruits. The choice of ice cream as the main investigation occurs due to the importance of functional ice creams to the balance of the physiological functions of the human organism that occurs through the ingestion of active and nutritional ingredients. Ice creams were characterized for overrun, melting behavior, color, and texture profile. The pulp presented representative minerals levels such as iron (49.82 ± 43.85 mg/100g) and zinc (96.07 ± 81.65 mg/100g). The total carotenoids level was significant, corresponding to 92.64 ± 0.83 μg/100g, with an emphasis on the beta-carotene levels (56.94 ± 2.11 μg/100g). The different pulp concentrations used in the formulations influenced the characteristics of the ice cream, as it interacted positively with the ingredients until the concentration of 30% pulp. Therefore, the Aiphanes aculeata fruits showed potential for application in the food industry, in the manufacture of ice cream with high nutritional value.
Ações de enfermagem que promovem a segurança do paciente no âmbito hospitalar
Authors: Silva Bárbara Jordânia Rodrigues , Santos Brenda Domingos Vitorino , Andrade Clara Rodrigues de , Macedo Evelin Reis , Andrade Heuler Souza
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar quais estratégias são implementadas pelos enfermeiros na área hospitalar para garantir a segurança do paciente. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que buscou analisar o trabalho da enfermagem na promoção da segurança do paciente no âmbito hospitalar. Para o estudo, utilizou-se artigos publicados nos anos de 2015 a 2020, coletados nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO e BDENF. Após a busca nas bases de dados propostas e atendendo aos descritores e critérios pré-estabelecidos pelas autoras foram selecionados 25 artigos. As ações que apresentaram maiores frequências foram: educação permanente (17,2%), comunicação (14,7%), planejamento de equipe (12,2%), uso de protocolos para assistência (9,8%). Os achados evidenciaram múltiplas ações desempenhadas pelo profissional de enfermagem que promovem a segurança do paciente, além de ressaltar o quanto o atendimento prestado por esse profissional pode reduzir o risco de danos desnecessários durante a atenção prestada nos serviços de saúde.
Early detections of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and their use in COVID-19 epidemiological control
Authors: Mainardi Pedro Henrique , Bidoia Ederio Dino
Published: May 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus that is capable to infect humans and cause the severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19, a disease that has been causing enormous impacts across the whole Earth. COVID-19 patients, including mild, pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, were often seen to contain infectious fragments of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and feces samples. Thus, studies to detect the new coronavirus in wastewater, which collect and concentrate human excreta, have been extremely useful as a tool to monitor the virus spread in the communities. The surveillance, frequently used to elaborate economical non-invasive diagnoses about the circulation of chemicals and pollutants in populations, could be used as a quick alert about emerging and reemerging COVID-19 epidemics, improve the predictions concerning the SARS-CoV-2 dissemination and promote the development of better viral containment measures. Along that, the approach could be used to construct more accurately epidemiological models, foment better practices to coordinate resources an administer the vaccines, assess the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 variants across temporal and geographic scales, evaluate environmental risks and also the effectiveness of disinfection systems. In this review, it was addressed early reports regarding SARS-CoV-2 detections in wastewater and the importance of this valuable approach in the application of faster and more effective interventions from public health authorities, either towards the COVID-19 or any other epidemic disease in the future.
Removal of metal structures after consolidation of bone fractures: is everything so simple?
Authors:   Clinical Hospital of Russian Railways-Meditsina, Khomenko A.A. , Rykov A.G. ,   Clinical Hospital of Russian Railways-Meditsina, Volovik V.E. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Korshnyak V.Yu. ,   Clinical Hospital of Russian Railways-Meditsina, Dyakov D.D. ,   Clinical Hospital of Russian Railways-Meditsina, Kozhevnikova S.Yu. ,   Clinical Hospital of Russian Railways-Meditsina, Yufa I. A. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai
Published: May 2021

In the article, the team of authors presented the material that arouses keen interest among specialists in the field of traumatology and osteosynthesis of bones, since the question of the need to remove metal fixators in various clinical situations is rather controversial. In this regard, the authors offer their experience in this direction, its analysis, which allows colleagues to formulate some practical recommendations.
Two unpublished photographic portraits of the American conchologist William Harper Pease (1824–1871)
Authors: Pietsch Theodore W.
Published: May 2021

A likeness of William Harper Pease, best known for his conchological exploration of the Hawaiian Islands, has remained unknown since his untimely death in 1871 at the age of 47. Recently, however, two photographic portraits of Pease have been identified in the archives of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The best of the two is a carte-de-visite of the typical size, showing Pease as a man in his mid- to late 30s, clean-shaven except for long, thick sideburns. Self-trained and highly motivated, Pease built an enormous collection of shells during his twenty years in the Hawaiian Islands, representing more than 4,000 species. Isolated though he was, he published 59 papers in reputable journals, describing and naming more than 500 species of mollusks.
Sultan III. Osman Döneminde Yayınlanan Bir Menzil Emirnâmesi
Authors: ÖZDOĞAN Tuğba
Published: May 2021

Atın ehlileştirilerek yük ve binek hayvanı olarak kullanılması insanlık tarihinde bir milat olarak kabul edilmektedir. İnsanların daha hızlı hareket etmesine imkân tanıyan atın asıl önemi ise askerî bir araç olarak kullanılmasında ortaya çıkmıştır. Atlı birliklerin ve atlı haberleşme sistemlerinin tesis edilmesiyle rakiplerine üstünlük sağlayan milletler, kısa süre içerisinde büyük devletler kurmuşlardır. Atı bir askerî araç olarak çok eski zamanlardan beri kullanan milletlerden birisi de Türklerdir. Koyun sürüleri yanında at sürülerine de sahip olan Türklerin bu sayede çok erken devirlerde siyasî teşekküller kurdukları bilinmektedir. Türklerin ilk güçlü devleti olan Hunların, kan terleyen atlarıyla düşmanlarını ansızın yakalayıp mağlup ettikleri Çin kaynaklarında yer almaktadır. Aynı şekilde bu hızlı atları sebebiyle çok erken istihbarat aldıkları ve üzerlerine gelen düşmanlarından yine hızlı atları vasıtasıyla kaçarak uçsuz bucaksız bozkırlarda kayboldukları bilinen bir gerçektir. Bir askerî ve istihbarat aracı olarak atın kullanılması, Türk devletlerinde kesintisiz olarak devam etmiş, Osmanlılar zamanında attan istifade zirve noktasına ulaşmıştır. Osmanlıların pek çok yerde at haraları kurduklarını, at cinslerini ıslah ederek askerlik ve haberleşme alanlarında kullandıklarını biliyoruz. Osmanlı Devleti, haberleşmede kullanılan atların nereden, ne miktarda tedarik edileceği hususunu sistemleştirerek zaman içerisinde menzil teşkilatını kurmuştur. Bu sistem sayesinde merkez ve taşra arasındaki haberleşmenin sağlıklı yürütülebilmesi amaçlanmış ve zaman içerisinde menzilhâneler, yeni nizamnamelerle daha kurumsal hale getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu makalede 57 Numaralı Mühimme Defteri içerisinde yer alan ve Osmanlı sultanı III. Osman dönemine ait bir menzil nizamnâmesi üzerinde durulacaktır.
Little Ice Age advance of Kvískerjajöklar, Öræfajökull, Iceland. A contribution to the assessment of glacier variations in Iceland since the late 18th century
Authors: Guðmundsson Snævarr , Björnsson Helgi
Published: May 2021

We describe the changes of the Kvískerjajöklar outlet glaciers in SE Iceland (presently ranging 600–1600 m a.s.l.), from their Little Ice Age maximum (LIAmax) to the present. We assume that glacier extent of the late 19th century approximately describes LIAmax although the glaciers already reached their peak extent in the 18th century. The former glacier margins were delineated from moraines, historical descriptions, topographical maps, aerial and oblique photographs, Landsat images and a lidar DEM. Along the previous glacier margins, elevation differences with respect to the lidar DEM of 2011 were estimated and contour maps of the glacier drawn at selected dates, maintaining the shape of the glacier surface as available maps. During the period ∼1890 to 2011, the outlets lost −0.4 m a$^{−1}$ water equivalent evenly distributed over their surface and their area was reduced by 37\% (from ∼10 km² to 6.4 km², 0.03 km² a$^{−1}$, 0.43 km³ water equivalent in total, i.e. 0.003 km³ w.e. a$^{−1}$).
Modern World Applications for Nano-Bio Materials: Tissue Engineering and COVID-19
Authors: Melchor-Martínez Elda M. , Torres Castillo Nora E. , Macias-Garbett Rodrigo , Lucero-Saucedo Sofia Liliana , Parra-Saldívar Roberto , Sosa-Hernández Juan Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Over the past years, biomaterials-based nano cues with multi-functional characteristics have been engineered with high interest. The ease in fine tunability with maintained compliance makes an array of nano-bio materials supreme candidates for the biomedical sector of the modern world. Moreover, the multi-functional dimensions of nano-bio elements also help to maintain or even improve the patients’ life quality most securely by lowering or diminishing the adverse effects of in practice therapeutic modalities. Therefore, engineering highly efficient, reliable, compatible, and recyclable biomaterials-based novel corrective cues with multipurpose applications is essential and a core demand to tackle many human health-related challenges, e.g., the current COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, robust engineering design and properly exploited nano-bio materials deliver wide-ranging openings for experimentation in the field of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary scientific research. In this context, herein, it is reviewed the applications and potential on tissue engineering and therapeutics of COVID-19 of several biomaterials. Following a brief introduction is a discussion of the drug delivery routes and mechanisms of biomaterials-based nano cues with suitable examples. The second half of the review focuses on the mainstream applications changing the dynamics of 21st century materials. In the end, current challenges and recommendations are given for a healthy and foreseeable future.
Analysis Choices Impact Movement Evaluation: A Multi-Aspect Inferential Method Applied to Kinematic Curves of Vertical Hops in Knee-Injured and Asymptomatic Persons
Authors: Strandberg Johan , Pini Alessia , Häger Charlotte K. , Schelin Lina
Published: May 2021

Three-dimensional human motion analysis provides in-depth understanding in order to optimize sports performance or rehabilitation following disease or injury. Recent developments of statistical methods for functional data allow for novel ways to analyze often complex biomechanical data. Even so, for such methods as well as for traditional well-established statistical methods, the interpretations of the results may be influenced by analysis choices made prior to the analysis. We evaluated the consequences of three such choices when comparing one-leg vertical hop (OLVH) performance in individuals who had ruptured their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), to that of asymptomatic controls, and also athletes. Kinematic data were analyzed using a statistical approach for functional data, targeting entire curve data. This was done not only for one joint at a time but also for multiple lower limb joints and movement planes simultaneously using a multi-aspect methodology, testing for group differences while also accounting for covariates. We present the results of when an individual representative curve out of three available was either: (1) a mean curve (Mean), (2) a curve from the highest hop (Max), or (3) a curve describing the variability (Var), as a representation of performance stability. We also evaluated choice of sample leg comparison; e.g., ACL-injured leg compared to either the dominant or non-dominant leg of asymptomatic groups. Finally, we explored potential outcome effects of different combinations of included joints. There were slightly more pronounced group differences when using Mean compared to Max, while the specifics of the observed differences depended on the outcome variable. For Var there were less significant group differences. Generally, there were more disparities throughout the hop movement when comparing the injured leg to the dominant leg of controls, resulting in e.g., group differences for trunk and ankle kinematics, for both Mean and Max. When the injured leg was instead compared to the non-dominant leg of controls, there were trunk, hip and knee joint differences. For a more stringent comparison, we suggest considering to compare the injured leg to the non-dominant leg. Finally, the multiple-joint analyses were coherent with the single-joint analyses. The direct effects of analysis choices can be explored interactively by the reader in the Supplementary Material. To summarize, the choices definitively have an impact on the interpretation of a hop test results commonly used in rehabilitation following knee injuries. We therefore strongly recommend well-documented methodological analysis choices with regards to comparisons and representative values of the measures of interests.
Acer Truncatum Seed Oil Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairments of Aging Mice
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Ting , Hong Xiao Yue , Liu Jian Jun , Yang Xi Fei , Liu Gong Ping
Published: May 2021

Aging, characterized by a time-dependent functional decline of physiological integrity, is the major independent risk factor for many neurodegeneration diseases. Therefore, it’s necessary to look for natural food supplements to extend the healthy lifespan of aging people. We here treated normal aging mice with acer truncatum seed oil, and found that the seed oil significantly improved the learning and memory ability. Proteomics revealed that the seed oil administration changed many proteins expression involving in biological processes, including complement and coagulation cascades, inflammatory response pathway and innate immune response. BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway was also activated by acer truncatum seed oil treatment. And the seed oil administration increased the expression of postsynaptic related proteins including PSD95, GluA1, and NMDAR1, and decreased the mRNA level of inflammatory factors containing IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. These findings suggest that acer truncatum seed oil holds a promise as a therapeutic food supplement for delaying aging with multiple mechanisms.
Sinapic Acid and Sinapate Esters in Brassica: Innate Accumulation, Biosynthesis, Accessibility via Chemical Synthesis or Recovery From Biomass, and Biological Activities
Authors: Nguyen V. P. Thinh , Stewart Jon D. , Ioannou Irina , Allais Florent
Published: May 2021

Sinapic acid (SinA) and corresponding esters are secondary metabolites abundantly found in plants of Brassica family. Belonging to the family of p-hydroxycinnamic acids, SinA and its esters analogues are present in different plant parts and involved in multiple biological processes in planta. Moreover, these metabolites are also found in relatively large quantities in agro-industrial wastes. Nowadays, these metabolites are increasingly drawing attention due to their bioactivities which include antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and UV filtering activities. As a result, these metabolites find applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In this context, this article reviews innate occurrence, biosynthesis, accessibility via chemical synthesis or direct extraction from agro-industrial wastes. Biological activities of SinA and its main corresponding esters will also be discussed.
Bridging Three Gaps in Biodegradable Plastics: Misconceptions and Truths About Biodegradation
Authors: Choe Shinhyeong , Kim Yujin , Won Yejin , Myung Jaewook
Published: May 2021

In the wake of plastic pollution increasing around the world, biodegradable plastics are one of the fastest-growing segments within the global plastics market. The biodegradation of these plastics depends on diverse factors including, but not limited to, the physicochemical structure of the materials, environmental conditions, and the microbial populations involved in the biodegradation. Although laboratory-based biodegradation tests simulate natural processes, they cannot precisely mimic the natural biodegradation of biodegradable plastics due to the disparity of several factors. In addition, the biodegradation levels claimed and/or reported by individuals and studies in different environments vary to a great extent. Biodegradable plastics are considered a sustainable alternative to non-biodegradable conventional plastics and are being promoted as an eco-friendlier choice for consumers. However, biodegradable plastics might not be as biodegradable as commonly believed, particularly in natural environments. This mini-review aims to bridge the following three gaps in biodegradable plastics by elucidating the common misconceptions and truths about biodegradation: i) the gaps among reported biodegradation level of biodegradable plastics; ii) the gaps between the biodegradation conditions in the controlled laboratory system and in the natural environment; and iii) the gaps between public perception and the actual environmental fate of biodegradable products. These gaps are critically reviewed with feasible solutions. This work will ease the assessment of biodegradable plastics and provide sound communication on corresponding claims–a prerequisite for successful market performance.
Policy Options for Deep Decarbonization and Wood Utilization in California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard
Authors: Sanchez Daniel L. , Fingerman Kevin , Herbert Claudia , Uden Sam
Published: May 2021

California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) is one of the most important policies to develop and deploy low-carbon and carbon-negative fuels. Yet, because the LCFS is designed to deliver the lowest-cost carbon intensity (CI) reductions possible in the transportation fuel system, it may fail to deliver technologies that would be poised to offer deeper decarbonization or other ancillary benefits to California's people and environment. We contemplate administrative changes to the LCFS to further stimulate the commercialization of promising low-carbon and carbon-negative fuels. To do so, we examine promising technical pathways, their barriers to commercialization, and recent administrative actions by the CA Air Resources Board (ARB) under the LCFS to promote novel lower-carbon fuels. We propose three actions that ARB could undertake to promote commercialization within existing authorities. To commercialize low-carbon and carbon negative fuel, including those derived from forest residue feedstocks, ARB could: (1) embrace the most up-to-date science regarding lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, (2) create additional, targeted incentives for very low-carbon or carbon-negative fuels through a volumetric technology carve-out or credit multiplier, and (3) ensure that the LCFS stimulates the best-performing fuels across a variety of sustainability parameters.
A Continuous Seismostratigraphic Framework for the Western Svalbard-Barents Sea Margin Over the Last 2.7 Ma: Implications for the Late Cenozoic Glacial History of the Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet
Authors: Alexandropoulou Nikolitsa , Winsborrow Monica , Andreassen Karin , Plaza-Faverola Andreia , Dessandier Pierre-Antoine , Mattingsdal Rune , Baeten Nicole , Knies Jochen
Published: May 2021

Here we present a high-resolution, continuous seismostratigraphic framework that for the first time, connects the over 1,000 km long western Svalbard-Barents Sea margin and covers the last ∼2.7 million years (Ma). By exploiting recent improvements in chronology, we establish a set of reliable age fix-points from available boreholes along the margin. We then use a large 2-D seismic database to extend this consistent chronology from the Yermak Plateau and offshore western Svalbard, southwards to the Bear Island Trough-Mouth Fan. Based on this new stratigraphic framework we divide the seismic stratigraphy along the continental margin into three seismic units, and 12 regionally correlated seismic reflections, each with an estimated age assignment. We demonstrate one potential application of this framework by reconstructing the Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet evolution from the intensification of the northern hemisphere glaciation at ∼2.7 Ma to the Weichselian glaciations. Through seismic facies distribution and sedimentation rate fluctuations along the margin we distinguish three phases of glacial development. The higher temporal resolution provided by this new framework, allows us to document a clear two-step onset to glacial intensification in the region during phase 1, between ∼2.7 and 1.5 Ma. The initial step, between ∼2.7 and 2.58 Ma shows glacial expansion across Svalbard. The first indication of shelf-edge glaciation is on the Sjubrebanken Trough-Mouth Fan, northwestern Barents Sea after ∼2.58 Ma; whilst the second step, between ∼1.95 and 1.78 Ma shows glacial advances beyond Svalbard to the northwestern Barents Sea. Phase 2 is characterized by variations in sedimentation rates and the seismic facies are indicative for a regional glacial intensification for the whole Barents Sea-Svalbard region with widespread shelf-edge glaciations recorded at around ∼1.5 Ma. During Phase 3, the western Barents Sea margin is characterized by a dramatic increase in sedimentation rates, inferring once again a regional glacial intensification. Our new stratigraphic framework allows for the first time differentiation of the sediments deposited on the slope during Early Saalian (∼0.4 and 0.2 Ma), Late Saalian (∼0.2 and 0.13 Ma), and Weichselian (<∼0.123 Ma) periods, providing new insights into the Barents Sea glaciations over the last ∼0.42 Ma.
Acceleration of Debris Flow Due to Granular Effect
Authors: Yang Taiqiang , Li Yong , Guo Xiaojun , Zhang Jun , Jiang Yu , Liu Xuemei , Liu Jingjing
Published: May 2021

Pore water pressure has been recognized as an important factor to enhance the mobility of debris flow moving in channel of very gentle slope. The creation and dissipation of pore water pressure are associated with interaction between grains. This study proposes a physical model for the pressure on mobility of flows with different granular configurations: the flow with overlying coarse-grained layer (i.e., inverse grading) and the flow with fully-mixed grains. The flow velocity is derived by the effective stress principle and the relationship between acceleration and pore water pressure is analyzed under different conditions. The results show that a high excess pore water pressure leads to high velocity of flow, and the pressure increases during the movement; and acceleration increases with time and flow depth under given pore water pressure. Moreover, compared with the flow with mixed grains, the flow with overlying coarse-grained layer is more effective to promote the excess pore water pressure and the liquefaction slip surface. Therefore, the internal drag reduction due to pore water pressure produces an acceleration effect on the flow.
Evaluation Method for Thixotropy of Clay Subjected to Unconfined Compressive Test
Authors: Tang Bin , Zhou Biaohe , Xie Liang , Yin Jianfeng
Published: May 2021

Thixotropy is a hot topic in the field of rheology of dispersed systems. Studying the quantitative index and evaluation method for thixotropy of clay is of great significance to evaluate the safety of foundation under long-term load. To explore the index system and classification methods for the thixotropy of clay, unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on three groups of undisturbed soil and remolded soil that were cured at different times after remodeling of the Zhanjiang Formation in China to obtain the unconfined compressive strength values of the samples and establish the relationship between unconfined compressive strength and curing time of the remodeled soil. The concept of thixotropic sensitivity is introduced to reflect the relationship between thixotropy and structure. According to the relationship between thixotropy sensitivity and curing time and its logarithmic value, two indexes of structural recovery coefficient K and structural recovery index Ke were established to evaluate the thixotropy of structural clay in the Zhanjiang Formation. Following the structural classification method of soil, the boundary values of structural recovery coefficients KI and KII are calculated to classify the thixotropy of soil. When the value of K is less than that of KI, the thixotropy of soil is weak. When the value of K is greater than that of K but less than that of KII, the thixotropy of soil is moderate. When the value of K is greater than that of KII, the thixotropy of soil is strong. The method is used to discuss the thixotropy of soil in the literature, and the rationality of the method is verified. Results show that this method can be used to preliminary classify the thixotropy of soil.
Families Visit the Museum: A Study on Family Interactions and Conversations at the Museum of the Universe – Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Authors: Massarani Luisa , Norberto Rocha Jessica , Scalfi Graziele , Silveira Yan , Cruz Wailã , Lage dos Santos Guedes Leandro
Published: May 2021

In this quantitative and qualitative study, we present our analysis on the interactions and conversations of ten families during a visit to the Museum of the Universe, at the Planetarium Foundation of the City of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The study of conversations provides a considerable opportunity to address gaps in our current understanding on how families interact and learn in museum environments. The visits were recorded using a subjective camera, and the audiovisual material was analyzed based on a research protocol that combines theoretical and empirical aspects of the visitors’ museum experience. We identified that most of the interactions during the visit occurred between family members and between them and the exhibition, through interactive activities and moments of contemplation. Parents/caregivers played an important role in maximizing the children's learning opportunities as they interacted and talked about the exhibits. The conversations were related to science topics, especially astronomy, as well as aspects on how to operate the exhibition modules. The results suggest that the Museum of the Universe has become a platform for families to share experiences, discuss and develop specific ideas, knowledge and concepts about astronomy, enriching the group members’ awareness.
The Impaired Bioenergetics of Diabetic Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Shen Yan , Kim Il-man , Weintraub Neal L. , Tang Yaoliang
Published: May 2021

Diabetes causes hyperglycemia, which can create a stressful environment for cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). To investigate the impact of diabetes on the cellular metabolism of CMECs, we assessed glycolysis by quantifying the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by measuring cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), in isolated CMECs from wild-type (WT) hearts and diabetic hearts (db/db) using an extracellular flux analyzer. Diabetic CMECs exhibited a higher level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and significantly reduced glycolytic reserve and non-glycolytic acidification, as compared to WT CMECs. In addition, OCR assay showed that diabetic CMECs had increased maximal respiration, and significantly reduced non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption and proton leak. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed no difference in copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between diabetic and WT CMECs. In addition, gene expression profiling analysis showed an overall decrease in the expression of essential genes related to β-oxidation (Sirt1, Acox1, Acox3, Hadha, and Hadhb), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) (Idh-3a and Ogdh), and electron transport chain (ETC) (Sdhd and Uqcrq) in diabetic CMECs compared to WT CMECs. Western blot confirmed that the protein expression of Hadha, Acox1, and Uqcrq was decreased in diabetic CMECs. Although lectin staining demonstrated no significant difference in capillary density between the hearts of WT mice and db/db mice, diabetic CMECs showed a lower percentage of cell proliferation by Ki67 staining, and a higher percentage of cellular apoptosis by TUNEL staining, compared with WT CMECs. In conclusion, excessive ROS caused by hyperglycemia is associated with impaired glycolysis and mitochondrial function in diabetic CMECs, which in turn may reduce proliferation and promote CMEC apoptosis.
c-Myc Upregulated by High Glucose Inhibits HaCaT Differentiation by S100A6 Transcriptional Activation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Peilang , Liu Dan , Gao Min , Wang Jizhuang , Wang Xiqiao , Liu Yan , Zhang Xiong
Published: May 2021

Keratinocyte differentiation dysfunction in diabetic skin is closely related to impaired skin barrier functions. We investigated the effects of c-Myc and S100A6 on Human immortal keratinocyte line (HaCaT) or keratinocyte differentiation and potential mechanisms. The expression levels of differentiation makers such as transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), loricrin (LOR), and keratin 1 (K1) were significantly reduced, while the expression of c-Myc was significantly increased in HaCaT cells cultured in high glucose and wound margin keratinocytes from diabetic rats and human patients. Overexpression of c-Myc caused differentiation dysfunction of HaCaT, while knocking down c-Myc promoted differentiation. High glucose increased the expression of c-Myc and inhibited differentiation in HaCaT cells by activating the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, inhibition of c-Myc transcriptional activity alleviated the differentiation dysfunction caused by high glucose or overexpression of c-Myc. c-Myc binds to the S100A6 promoter to directly regulate S100A6 expression and high glucose promoted S100A6 transcription. The expression of S100A6 was increased in HaCaT cultured with high glucose and wound margin keratinocytes from diabetic rats and human patients. However, the expression of S100A6 was decreased during normal HaCaT differentiation. HaCaT cells treated with S100A6 recombinant protein showed differentiation dysfunction. The expressions of TGM1, LOR and K1 in knockdown S100A6 HaCaT cells were higher than those in the control group. Overexpression of c-Myc or high glucose caused differentiation dysfunction of HaCaT cells, and was rescued by knocking down S100A6. These findings illustrate a new mechanism by which c-Myc upregulated by high glucose inhibits HaCaT differentiation by directly activating S100A6 transcription. Thus, c-Myc and S100A6 may be potential targets for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.
Effects of Manipulating Circulating Bile Acid Concentrations on Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion and Glucose Metabolism After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Jonsson Isabella , Bojsen-Møller Kirstine N. , Kristiansen Viggo B. , Veedfald Simon , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J. , Clausen Trine R. , Kuhre Rune E. , Rehfeld Jens F. , Holst Jens J. , Madsbad Sten , Svane Maria S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Altered bile acid (BA) turnover has been suggested to be involved in the improved glucose regulation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), possibly via stimulation of GLP-1 secretion. We investigated the role of exogenous as well as endogenous BAs for GLP-1 secretion after RYGB by administering chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and the BA sequestrant colesevelam (COL) both in the presence and the absence of a meal stimulus.

Methods

Two single-blinded randomized cross-over studies were performed. In study 1, eight RYGB operated participants ingested 200 ml water with 1) CDCA 1.25 g or 2) CDCA 1.25 g + colesevelam 3.75 g on separate days. In study 2, twelve RYGB participants ingested on separate days a mixed meal with addition of 1) CDCA 1.25 g, 2) COL 3.75 g or 3) COL 3.75 g × 2, or 4) no additions.

Results

In study 1, oral intake of CDCA increased circulating BAs, GLP-1, C-peptide, glucagon, and neurotensin. Addition of colesevelam reduced all responses. In study 2, addition of CDCA enhanced meal-induced increases in plasma GLP-1, glucagon and FGF-19 and lowered plasma glucose and C-peptide concentrations, while adding colesevelam lowered circulating BAs but did not affect meal-induced changes in plasma glucose or measured gastrointestinal hormones.

Conclusion

In RYGB-operated persons, exogenous CDCA enhanced meal-stimulated GLP-1 and glucagon secretion but not insulin secretion, while the BA sequestrant colesevelam decreased CDCA-stimulated GLP-1 secretion but did not affect meal-stimulated GLP-1, C-peptide or glucagon secretion, or glucose tolerance. These findings suggest a limited role for endogenous bile acids in the acute regulation of postprandial gut hormone secretion or glucose metabolism after RYGB.