bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coexpression of Smac/DIABLO and Estrogen Receptor in breast cancer
Authors: Espinosa Magali , Lizárraga Floria , Vázquez-Santillán Karla , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo , Piña-Sánchez Patricia , Torres Javier , García-Ramírez Román A. , Maldonado Vilma , Melendez-Zajgla Jorge , Ceballos-Cancino Gisela
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Smac/DIABLO is a proapoptotic protein deregulated in breast cancer, with a controversial role as a tumor marker, possibly due to a lack of correlative mRNA and protein analyses. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of Smac/DIABLO gene and protein levels with clinical variables in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Smac/DIABLO mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR in 57 frozen tissues, whereas protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 82 paraffin-embedded tissues. Survivin mRNA levels were also measured. In vitro assays were performed to investigate possible regulators of Smac/DIABLO. RESULTS: Higher levels of Smac/DIABLO mRNA and protein were found in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive samples (p= 0.0054 and p= 0.0043, respectively) in comparison to ER-negative tumors. A negligible positive association was found between Smac/DIABLO and survivin expression. In vitro assays showed that Smac/DIABLO is not regulated by ER and, conversely, it does not participate in ER expression modulation. CONCLUSIONS: mRNA and protein levels of Smac/DIABLO were increased in ER-positive breast tumors in comparison with ER-negative samples, although the mechanism of this regulation is still unknown. Public databases showed a possible clinical relevance for this association.
PDGF-BB induces conversion, proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of oral mucosal fibroblasts through PDGFR-β/PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Jie , You Jialing , Gong Ding , Xu Ying , Yang Bo , Jiang Canhua
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenesis of oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) by analyzing the impact of Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)-BB on oral mucosal fibroblasts (FB) and PDGFR-β/Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. METHODS: The isolated and purified oral mucosal fibroblasts were divided into four groups: the control group (CON, 10% FBS DMEM), the PDGF-BB group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB), the PDGF-BB+IMA group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 60 μmol/L IMA), and the PDGF-BB+LY294002 group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 48 μmol/L LY294002). Primary human FB cells were isolated and cultured for detecting the effects of PDGF-BB on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by indirect immunofluorescence. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method and scratch test were used to detect the proliferation and migration of FB. Western blots were used to detect the synthesis of type I collagen (Col I) and the expression of PDGFR-β/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. The effects of PDGFR-β inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor were observed. RESULTS: Compared with group CON, group IMA, and group LY294002, α-SMA was upregulated in group PDGF-BB (p< 0.05), with higher OD490 nm value (p< 0.05), narrower average scratch width, and higher relative cell migration rate (p< 0.05). The expression levels of Col I, p-PDGFR-β, p-PI3K, and p-AKT were higher in group PDGF-BB (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PDGF-BB induces FB to transform into myofibroblasts (MFB) through the PDGFR-β/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and promotes the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis.
Improved weighted local linear embedding algorithm based on Laplacian eigenmaps
Authors: Wu Qing , Jing Rongrong , Wang En
Published: January 2021

To solve the shortcomings of local linear embedding (LLE), such as sensitive to noise and poor generalization ability for new samples, an improved weighted local linear embedding algorithm based on Laplacian eigenmaps (IWLLE-LE) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, Laplacian eigenmaps are used to reconstruct the objective function of dimensionality reduction. The weights of it are introduced by combining the geodesic distance with Euclidean distance, which can effectively represent the manifold structure of nonlinear data. Compared the existing LLE algorithm, the proposed one better maintains the original manifold structure of the data. The merit of the proposal is enhanced by the theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, where the classification recognition rate is 2%–8% higher than LLE.
Importance of data preprocessing in time series prediction using SARIMA: A case study
Authors: Adineh Amir Hossein , Narimani Zahra , Satapathy Suresh Chandra
Published: January 2021

Over last decades, time series data analysis has been in practice of specific importance. Different domains such as financial data analysis, analyzing biological data and speech recognition inherently deal with time dependent signals. Monitoring the past behavior of signals is a key for precise predicting the behavior of a system in near future. In scenarios such as financial data prediction, the predominant signal has a periodic behavior (starting from beginning of the month, week, etc.) and a general trend and seasonal behavior can also be assumed. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and its seasonal extension, SARIMA, have been widely used in forecasting time-series data, and are also capable of dealing with the seasonal behavior/trend in the data. Although the behavior of data may be autoregressive and trends and seasonality can be detected and handled by SARIMA, the data is not always exactly compatible with SARIMA (or more generally ARIMA) assumptions. In addition, the existence of missing data is not pre-assumed in SARIMA, while in real-world, there can be always missing data for different reasons such as holidays for which no data may be recorded. For different week days, different working hours may be a cause of observing irregular patterns compared to what is expected by SARIMA assumptions. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of applying SARIMA on such real-world data, and demonstrate preprocessing methods that can be applied in order to make the data more suitable to be modeled by SARIMA model. The data in the existing research is derived from transactions of a mutual fund investment company, which contains missing values (single point and intervals) and also irregularities as a result of the number of working hours per week days being different from each other which makes the data inconsistent leading to poor result without preprocessing. In addition, the number of data points was not adequate at the time of analysis in order to fit a SARIM model. Preprocessing steps such as filling missing values and tricks to make data consistent has been proposed to deal with existing problems. Results show that prediction performance of SARIMA on this set of real-world data is significantly improved by applying several preprocessing steps introduced in order to deal with mentioned circumstances. The proposed preprocessing steps can be used in other real-world time-series data analysis.
Інноваційно орієнтоване туристичне підприємство: концептуальна модель та місце в інноваційному просторі
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Павлова В.А. , Лохман Н.В.
Published: January 2021

У статті сформовано концептуальну модель автентичності інноваційно-орієнтованого туристичного підприємства та визначено його місце в інноваційному просторі. Визначено роль туризму у розвитку національної економіки. Встановлено, що традиційні підходи до розвитку туристичної галузі стають неефективними в умовах жорсткої конкурентної боротьби. Зважаючи на прагнення підприємств туристичної галузі України до інноваційних змін в діяльності з метою забезпечення конкурентоспроможності максимізації залучення споживачів, слід акцентувати увагу на одному із шляхів досягнення встановлених цілей – орієнтації на інновації, шо стає можливим в межах інноваційного простору. Інноваційний простір стає передумовою ефективного функціонування як економіки цілому, так і кожного суб’єкта господарювання зокрема. Проаналізовано динаміку кількості суб’єктів туристичної діяльності у 2018‒2019 рр. та обсяги доходів від надання туристичних послуг. Інноваційно орієнтоване туристичне підприємство розглядається як підприємство, основною метою якого є доведення нових ідей, розробок, інновацій в туристичних товарах чи послугах до кінцевого споживача та досягнення комерційного успіху шляхом спрямування зусиль інноваційного потенціалу на провадження інноваційного розвитку.
DESUMANIZAÇÃO, PRECARIEDADE E RESISTÊNCIA NA AMÉRICA LATINA E CARIBE: UMA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE A TEORIA DO RECONHECIMENTO DE JUDITH BUTLER E O FEMINISMO DECOLONIAL DE MARÍA LUGONES
Authors: Freitas Lorena Rodrigues tavares de
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise teórica sobre a produção dos processos de desumanização operada pelo Sistema Moderno/Colonial de Gênero contra determinados grupos sociais que se tornam populações-alvo de políticas de maximização da precariedade na América Latina e Caribe. Para tanto, serão analisados alguns conceitos desenvolvidos por autoras e autores da teoria decolonial, do feminismo interseccional e da teoria do reconhecimento, principalmente aqueles desenvolvidos pelas filósofas feministas María Lugones e Judith Butler.  A partir da interpretação analítica do pensamento das autoras e autores mencionados, busca-se compreender como elas esboçam as possibilidades de emancipação política para essas populações.
DO TEMPO [AO] PRESENTE: PARA LEMBRAR QUE A AIDS É UMA HISTÓRIA DE TODOS/AS NÓS!
Authors: Zandoná Jair
Published: January 2021

Resenha do livro de Eduardo Jardim, A doença e o tempo: aids, uma história de todos nós, lançado pela editora Bazar do Tempo, em 2019.
A PALAVRA SE FEZ FEMINISTA E HABITOU NA AMÉRICA LATINA: DIÁLOGOS ENTRE A TEOLOGIA FEMINISTA LATINO-AMERICANA, AS EPISTEMOLOGIAS DO SUL, O PENSAMENTO DECOLONIAL E O FEMINISMO COMUNITÁRIO
Authors: Spyer Dulci Tereza Maria , Rocha Malheiros Mariana
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho se propõe a apresentar possibilidades de diálogo entre a teologia feminista latino-americana, as Epistemologias do Sul, o pensamento decolonial e o feminismo comunitário. O discurso cristão dominante mantém a ideia da mulher submissa e secundária na religião e na sociedade. Em oposição a esse discurso, surgiu a teologia feminista, que reinterpreta as tradições e textos sagrados a partir da vivência e do conhecimento feminista das mulheres. Ainda que seja um discurso minoritário, a teologia feminista já vem atuando nos movimentos feministas e eclesiais, proporcionando diálogos com mulheres que não se identificam com o movimento feminista. As Epistemologias do Sul, o pensamento decolonial e o feminismo comunitário também emergiram a partir dos saberes e experiências subalternizadas no Sul Global e mais especificamente, na América Latina. Neste ensaio não se pretende dialogar na tentativa de universalizar essas experiências, mas apresentar suas possibilidades e posicionamentos para a construção de otros mundos, com ferramentas que possibilitam ver o(a) subalternizado(a) com outra percepção.
MÁQUINA DO ABANDONO: UM OLHAR SOBRE A OBRA CADEIA: RELATOS SOBRE MULHERES, DE DEBORA DINIZ
Authors: Santos Silvana Maria Pantoja dos , Barbosa Andreia Marreiro
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo analisa a realidade de mulheres encarceradas a partir das interfaces entre prisão e vida social na obra Cadeia: relatos sobre mulheres, de Debora Diniz (2015). Tem-se como foco dois espaços que se intercambiam: o presídio, espaço físico de onde a narradora testemunha o cotidiano das presas, as condições do lugar e o tratamento que elas recebem nos ambientes autorizados à sua circulação; e o espaço social, contexto de suas vivências exteriores revelado nos relatos. Diante dessas mulheres que historicamente vivenciam dramas e desenvolvem papéis impostos a elas socialmente, questionamos: quem são essas mulheres? Que desejos as movem? Tais indagações partem de um processo que envolve categorias de classe, raça e gênero, relações de dependência, falta de acesso à educação e violência.
La amenaza del clima en el Antropoceno
Authors: Báez José Carlos
Published: January 2021

El clima de la Tierra ha sufrido fuertes modificaciones desde su origen. Ahora, por ejemplo, estamos experimentando un nuevo cambio fruto de la actividad humana, lo cual puede acarrear problemas tanto para nuestra salud, como para nuestro futuro. Este cambio —perceptible en el clima— es lo que conocemos como cambio climático. Este libro repasa los principales hitos de la historia del clima del planeta y detalla los desafíos a los que se enfrenta la humanidad debido a los cambios acaecidos durante el Antropoceno, nuevo periodo geológico con patrones sedimentarios y erosivos reconocibles producto de la huella de la actividad humana.
One University’s Measured Approach to Student Evaluations
Authors: Carpenter C. Dale
Published: January 2021

Student evaluations of teaching occur at most universities and colleges in the United States and are used for a variety of purposes including course improvement and as data to evaluate instructors.  Increasingly, universities manage the collection of student perception data about courses and teaching with commercially available software.  This is a report of the work of one university to review the process of collecting and using student assessment of instruction data and to determine how the data would be used.  The work of a task force to examine a process in place for ten years by seeking input from stakeholders, reviewing ten years of collected data, and reviewing the literature is presented in a case study format with task force recommendations and a report on subsequent implementation.
FIELD ASSESSMENT OF AUTODISSEMINATION OF PYRIPROXYFEN BY CONTAINER-INHABITING AEDES MOSQUITOES IN FLORIDA
Authors: Alto Barry W.
Published: January 2021

Domestic mosquito control for container-inhabiting Aedes vectors of Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, and dengue viruses is challenging, and novel methods are needed. Autodissemination strategies are one such method. In this control method, females are attracted to stations treated with an insect growth regulator (IGR), become treated, and subsequently deposit the IGR in natural oviposition sites, preventing pupal emergence. We developed and tested treatment stations in semi-field conditions based on number of captured mosquitoes in the treatment stations. The modified treatment station attracted gravid females with oak leaf infusion and mosquito passage through exit chutes granted access to sucrose and topical contamination of IGR (pyriproxyfen) for 25% of released mosquitoes. Although a majority of released mosquitoes were uncaptured (75%), sufficient amounts of pyriproxyfen contaminated female mosquitoes to result in 75% inhibition of adult emergence in larval bioassays. These stations were then used in a field experiment to test the efficacy using sentinel cups with mosquito larvae. Three treatments which included varied numbers of autodissemination stations (control, low density, and high density) were compared. Both low and high density of stations provided high inhibition of adult emergence from sentinel cups relative to controls. We did not observe differences in mosquito emergence inhibition whether sites contained low or high densities of stations (i.e., similar rates of mosquito inhibition). Two additional field trials showed that topically contaminated mosquitoes were traveling further than expected and causing mortality in sentinel cups at least as far as 80 meters from the autodissemination stations. The development and implementation of autodissemination of IGRs is an additional tool for use in integrated mosquito management.
EVALUATION OF A NEW TRUCK-MOUNTED ULV SPRAYING MACHINE WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS AGAINST LARVAL CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
Authors: Luo Lei
Published: January 2021

A field study about the effectiveness of a new truck-mounted ultra-low-volume (ULV) machine against larval Culex quinquefasciatus Say was conducted at Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, FL, during the summer of 2017. Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were treated using a ground application at different concentrations of Bti using a new truck-mounted ULV sprayer with a horizontal nozzle. Mortality of larvae was recorded after 24 h, and droplet sizes were measured. Overall, Bti sprayed by the new truck-mounted ULV spraying machine at a concentration of 2.625 mg/L resulted in the highest mortality of mosquito larvae. The results indicate that the Bti concentrations of 0.875 mg/L and 0.065 mg/L resulted in a significant difference in mean larval mortality between each distance from the spray line (P < 0.05), while the mortality by the other 3 concentrations (0.477 mg/L, 2.625 mg/L, and 5.25 mg/L) tested did not. The LC50 and LC90 of Bti against larvae were 0.261 mg/L (0.239~0.286) and 1.687 mg/L (1.481~1.922), respectively. The coverage (swath) of the spray by the new ULV machine showed that the Bti could be sprayed at least 33 meters away with a 20 meter width. Therefore, the new truck-mounted ULV spraying machine with liquid Bti could be used to treat a large area effectively and efficiently and as an additional tool for the control of mosquito larvae.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF BORIC ACID SUGAR BAITS AGAINST IRRADIATED AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Aryaprema Vindhya S.
Published: January 2021

The use of attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) is a new paradigm in mosquito control. ATSBs kill both female and male mosquitoes attracted to sugar feed on a sugary solution containing a toxic substance such as boric acid. The impact of boric acid sugar baits on irradiated and non-irradiated Aedes aegypti was evaluated in the laboratory to determine any difference in mortality between the two groups. The mortality rates from the toxic sugar baits in both irradiated with 50 Gy and non-irradiated groups were highly significantly different, compared to those of corresponding control groups (t=6.916, p <0.0001 and t=6.451, p<0.01, respectively). Irradiated Ae. aegypti were not significantly different in mortality rates from non-irradiated counter parts after 24 and 48 h exposure to toxic sugar bait (t=0.576, p=0.578 and t=0.642, p=0.535 respectively). There was no significant difference in mortality caused by toxic sugar baits between the two sexes (t=0.595, p=0.869 and t=0.169, p=0.869 for irradiated and non-irradiated groups, respectively). The mean percent mortality after 48 h of exposure to toxic sugar baits was 43.3% for irradiated mosquitoes and 38.6% for non-irradiated mosquitoes. Mortality rates were significantly higher during second 24 h period in both irradiated and non-irradiated groups (t=-6.612, p<0.01 and t=-5.278, p<0.01 respectively). The study suggests that the toxic sugar bait approach could not be used within a sterile insect technique program to reduce the wild male population to increase the chances of wild females mating with irradiated males.
Deteksi Tekanan Level Suara Pada Perancangan Boomer Mikrofon Otomatis
Authors: Astin Novita , KH Achmad Subhan
Published: January 2021

Abstrak— Dalam proses pembuatan video, perekaman suara menjadi salah satu hal terpenting. Terutama dalam pembuatan sebuah film ataupun program acara televisi baik didalam studio maupun diluar studio. Alat yang digunakan untuk menangkap objek suara berupa mikrofon. Penggunaan mikrofon ini mengalami kendala ketika objek suara yang akan direkam berada di posisi yang jauh dari Audioman sehingga biasanya menggunakan boomer, alat bantu penompang mikrofon, dalam pengambilan suaranya. Penggunaan boomer juga masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan, yakni ketika objek suara yang akan direkam bersifat statis, tidak diam dalam satu tempat, terlebih lagi perekaman suara memerlukan durasi yang panjang. Hal ini akan menyusahkan Audioman karena pemakaian boomer masih bersifat manual, yaitu Audioman harus memegang boomer itu sendiri sehingga menguras tenaga lebih besar. Oleh karena itu diciptakan alat boomer mikrofon otomatis dengan pelacakan tekanan level suara. Boomer otomatis ini mempunyai kemampuan teknologi kendali jarak jauh menggunakan remote kontrol dengan pembacaan SPL (Sound Pressure Level) oleh mikrokontroler Arduino ATMega328 melalui mic condensor ,sehingga Audioman tidak perlu menggerakkan secara manual dan tidak mengeluarkan tenaga yang besar. Kata Kunci— Boomer, Arduino, Sound Pressure Level Feedback , Audio
Perancangan Jam Istiwa Otomatis Menggunakan Running Text dan Speaker Sebagai Alat Bantu Waktu Sholat Di Masjid Nurul Hidayah Al-Taqwa
Authors: Anton Muhammad , Basri Muhammad Hasan , Sulistiyanto Sulistiyanto , Prasetyo Yuli
Published: January 2021

Jam merupakan petunjuk waktu yang menjadi acuan waktu sholat 5 waktu, yaitu subuh, dzuhur, ashar, magrib, dan isya. Untuk itu penujuk waktu sholat itu sangat pentingakan adanya, maka sekarang ini banyak masjid maupun rumah yang biasanya sudah terdapat kalender maupun penampil waktu sholat. Untuk itu diperlukan cara bagaimana merancang sistem control penanda datangnya waktu sholat secara otomatis untuk lebih mempermudah masjid dalam menbantu masyarakat melakukan ibadah sholat berjamaah.Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa running text dapat membaca pada percobaan hari ke dua pada jam 04.14 WIB waktu sholat shubuh dan speaker dapat mengeluarkan suara azan. Pada percobaan hari ke ketiga running dapat membaca dapat membaca pada jam 04.14 WIB dan 14.50 WIB maka secara otomatis speaker mengeluar suara azan. Pada percobaan hari ke empat running text dapat membaca pada jam 04.14 WIB, 11.29 WIB, dan 14.50 WIB maka secara otomatis speaker mengeluarkan suara azan. Pada uji coba hari ke lima running text dapat membaca pada jam 04.14 WIB, 11.29 WIB, 14.50 WIB, dan 18.37 WIB dan secara otomatis speaker mengeluarkan suara azan. Pada percobaan hari enam hari enam running text dapat membaca waktu sholat secara sempurna dan mengeluar suara azan secara otomatis. Maka dari semua percobaan dapat diketahui running text dapat membaca secara sempurna pada percobaan hari ke enam dan speaker dapat mengeluarkan suara azan secara otomatis pada waktu tertentu.
Perancangan Sistem Data Hasil Belajar Murid SMA Islam Said Na’um Berbasis Java
Authors: Purwanti Purwanti
Published: January 2021

SMAI Said Na'um is a senior secondary education institution in the Jakarta area. The system at this school has not used a computerized system optimally so it has several problems. The problems in Said Na'um SMAI include recording values using paper files which take a very long time. Lack of storage media, the data search process takes a little time. The information received is currently less fast and less accurate. Often there are data errors or inaccurate data in making reports. Data storage that is still in the form of physical files can cause damage to data. Based on this information, the research carried out aims to create an information system for learning assessment for students of Said Na'um Senior High School, Central Jakarta. This research was conducted by creating a data system on student learning outcomes at Said Na'um Islamic Senior High School using a Java-based programming language.
Implementasi Augmented Reality pada Mata Pelajaran Komputer dan Jaringan Dasar di SMK Nufa Citra Mandiri Berbasis Android
Authors: Agustian Bobi , Arafat Muhamad Yasser
Published: January 2021

In the process of teaching and learning activities in schools, there are still many that only use learning media in the form of books. This causes boredom in the learning process. Especially in basic computer and network subjects, where in this subject there is a lot of visual recognition and developing forms of technology. Good visual presentation is very important to support the learning process. Augmented Reality (AR) is a learning medium that is currently still being used in the teaching and learning process. AR is an application that combines the real world with the virtual world in two-dimensional or three-dimensional forms which are projected in a real environment at the same time. AR technology is very appropriate to be implemented to support the visualization process in learning activities, because it can present visualization in 3-dimensional form. So that the visualization is more interactive and more interesting. In the learning process at SMK Nufa Citra Mandir, they still rely on books only, especially in computer and basic network subjects which really need visualization of the devices discussed. The application of AR technology to basic computer and network subjects at SMK Nufa Citra Mandiri is expected to help in the learning process. In its development, the design method used is the Extreme Programming (XP). Purpose of this research is to create software with AR technology on Android platform, so that students can better understand and get to know computer tools and computer network devices contained in basic computer and network subjects.
Pengaruh Material Kaca Terhadap Perpindahan Panas pada Bangunan Pendidikan (Studi Kasus Gedung Pasca Sarjana Poltekkes Semarang)
Authors: Wibowo Danang Rujito , Budi Wahyu Setia , Setyowati Erni
Published: January 2021

Krisis energi dan pemanasan global menjadi isu penting sampai saat ini. Idealnya sebuah bangunan mempunyai nilai estetis, berfungsi sebagaimana tujuan bangunan tersebut dirancang, memberikan rasa aman (dari gangguan alam dan manusia/ makhluk lain), serta memberikan kenyamanan, akan tetapi juga memberikan dampak bagi penghematan energi bangunan tersebut. Selubung bangunan menjadi elemen utama terhadap masuknya radiasi luar ke dalam bangunan. Adanya desain selubung bangunan yang tepat, menjadikan pemakaian energi didalam bangunan dapat dihemat semaksimalnya. Selubung Bangunan sebagai elemen bangunan yang menyelubungi yaitu dinding dan atap tembus atau yang tidak tembus cahaya dimana sebagian besar energi termal dan cahaya berpindah melalui elemen tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa radiasi matahari adalah penyumbang jumlah panas terbesar yang masuk ke dalam bangunan. Konsep OTTV menghitung perpindahan panas dari luar ke dalam bangunan yaitu konduksi melalui dinding tak tembus cahaya, radiasi matahari yang melalui kaca, dan konduksi panas pada kaca. Overall Thermal Transfer Value yang selanjutnya disingkat OTTV adalah suatu nilai yang menggambarkan kemampuan selubung bangunan meneruskan panas secara menyeluruh dari luar ke sisi dalam atau sebaliknya, dinyatakan dalam W/m2. Nilai ini ditetapkan sebagai kriteria perancangan untuk dinding masif dan dinding transparan (kaca) selubung bangunan gedung yang dikondisikan. Besar radiasi matahari yang ditransmisikan melalui selubung bangunan dipengaruhi oleh fasade bangunan yaitu perbandingan luas kaca dan luas dinding bangunan keseluruhan (wall to wall ratio), serta jenis dan tebal kaca yang digunakan. Bila nilai OTTV suatu bangunan yang dihasilkan kurang/sama dengan 40 W/m2, maka bangunan tersebut sudah sesuai dengan Syarat Bangunan Gedung Hijau pada Peraturan Walikota Semarang nomor 24 tahun 2019. Gedung Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes (Poltekkes) Semarang sebagai objek studi adalah bangunan berlanggam modern dengan dominasi bukaan dinding bermaterial kaca. Kaca yang digunakan adalah kaca berwarna jenis Panasap. Hasil perhitungan OTTV pada dinding Utara Gedung Poltekkes Semarang sebesar 53,35 W/m2, pada dinding Timur sebesar 77,31 W/m2, pada dinding Selatan sebesar 52,40 W/m2, pada dinding Barat sebesar 26,43 W/m2. Dari hasil perhitungan OTTV didapatkan nilai Total OTTV sebesar 53,11 W/m2, sehingga disimpulkan bangunan Gedung Poltekkes Semarang tidak memenuhi syarat bangunan hemat energi berdasarkan Peraturan Walikota Semarang nomor 24 tahun 2019. Untuk mencapai nilai ideal OTTV bangunan Gedung Hijau berdasar Peraturan Walikota Semarang nomor 24 tahun 2019 pada Gedung Poltekkes Semarang, maka perlu dilakukan penggantian jenis material kaca pada bangunan tersebut atau mengurangi luasan dari bukaan dinding dari salah satu sisi bangunan.
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN
Authors: Hassan Khaled
Published: January 2021

Background: Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is one of the most common causes of referral to an emergency department (ED), but information about its impact is limited.

Objectives: The objectives of this article are to define the prevalence of AAP among ED visits in a large university hospital and analyze its main clinical features.

Methods: All patients admitted at the Sant’ Orsola, Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna ED on 12?a priori selected sample days in 2013 were included. General data were recorded for each patient. A total of 192 clinical variables were recorded for each patient with abdominal pain.

Results: During the observation period the ED assisted 2623 patients with a daily admission rate of 219?±?20 (mean?±?SD). Of these, 239 patients complained of AAP as their chief complaint at entry (prevalence?=?9.1%). AAP prevalence was significantly higher in females than in males (10.4% vs. 7.8%; OR?=?1.37; p?=?0.021) as well as in foreign over Italian patients (13.2% vs. 8.5%; OR?=?1.64; p?=?0.007). The most frequent ED operative diagnoses were non-specific abdominal pain (n?=?86, 36.0%) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract-related pain (n?=?79, 33.1%; n?=?19 upper GI, n?=?60 lower GI).

Conclusions: AAP is a common cause of referral at EDs. Despite technological advances, non-specific abdominal pain is still the main operative diagnosis.

Keywords: Acute, Abdominal, Pain, Management
Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12) and its Relationship With Fatigue in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Motaharinezhad Fatemeh , Parvaneh Shahriar ,   School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen`s University, Kingston, Canada., Ghahari Setareh ,   School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen`s University, Kingston, Canada.
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: Walking disorder is one of the most important manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), and indicates the progression of the disease. Fatigue and walking are considered as key symptoms affecting the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between walking status and fatigue, in people with MS. Methods: A total number of 60 Iranian patients with MS completed the Persian version of the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS V. 20 software. The multivariate correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between fatigue, anxiety, depression, demographic characteristics, and MSWS-12 scores. Results: Gait problems were observed in 46.7% of the study participants. Also, the MSWS-12 scores were significantly associated with fatigue severity (P=0.001), in these patients. Moreover, depression, cognitive status, anxiety, and gait status were the most important factors affecting fatigue. Conclusion: According to the present results, the presence of depression, cognitive problems, anxiety, and gait disorders are the most important factors affecting fatigue, in patients with MS.
Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Persian Version of Wexner Constipation Scoring System
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mirbehresi Parnian , Nikjooy Afsaneh ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sarrafzadeh Javad ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mohsenifar Holakoo ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: Chronic functional constipation is a prevalent and symptom-based disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Constipation takes several different forms among patients. The Wexner Constipation Scoring System (WCSS) was developed to present a uniform tool for the assessment of chronic functional constipation. The purpose of this study was to provide the Persian version of WCSS and assess its validity and reliability. Methods: WCSS was translated into Farsi. After being linguistically validated, the Persian version of the WCSS was administered to a sample of 76 patients with chronic functional constipation. Reliability tests were used to evaluate the internal consistency (the Cronbach alpha) and reproducibility (Intraclass Coefficient Correlation [ICC]) of the tool. The validation studies were conducted to assess the convergent validity (Correlated with the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom [PAC-SYM]) and Concurrent Validity (Correlated with Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life [PAC-QOL]) of the tool, too. Results: The Cronbach alpha for total scores was 0.66 and the ICC was 0.85 (0.77-0.90, 95% CI). The total score of WCSS was significantly correlated with the total scores of PAC-SYM (r=0.67) and PAC-QOL (r=0.61). Conclusion: The linguistic and psychometric evaluation demonstrated good validity and reproducibility of the Persian version of WCSS.
Experience of Iranian Women With Multiple Sclerosis About Urinary Dysfunctions Consequences: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Roshdi Ghazal , Noorizadeh Dehkordi Shohreh ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Dadgoo Mehdi ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Iranian Center of Excellence for Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the experiences of women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) about urinary dysfunctions consequences. Methods: This qualitative study with the content analysis approach included 10 women with MS (age range: 29 to 59 years), who were recruited using a purposive sampling method with maximum variation. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews, the participants explained their experiences of urinary dysfunctions consequences. The obtained data were analyzed based on the content analysis method of Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The content analysis revealed three key themes: Physical consequences, psycho-emotional consequences, and economic consequences. Conclusion: Urinary dysfunctions cause widespread physical, psychological, and economic problems for women with MS. Therefore, treatment staff should address the MS patient’s concerns caused by urinary dysfunctions, in a non-threatening atmosphere, and help them to fearlessly manage their urinary problems.
Hematological and histological effect of fractionated neem leaf extract in healthy Wistar rats
Authors:   Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria, Chibuike Ikwuka David ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria, Nwobodo Ed ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria, U. Anyaehie Bond ,   Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria, I Umegbolu Emmanuel ,   Department of General Outpatient, District Hospital Awgu, Enugu State, Nigeria
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In recent years, the growing research towards new drugs has been targeted on plant-based drugs, and Neem (Azadirachta indica) is one of the plants that have been extensively researched for its diverse medicinal properties. The study aimed to determine the effects of neem on the hematological parameters (total white blood cells, neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil counts) and histology of some organs of rats. Methods: Fifteen healthy male Wister rats divided into control (Nm0) and experimental groups (Nm11 and Nm22). Control group 1 (Nm0) was given 100mg/200g body weight of normal saline orally twice daily; experimental group 2 (Nm11), 100mg/200g body weight neem extract twice daily for 11 days and experimental group 3 (Nm22), 100mg/200g neem leaf extract twice daily for 22 days. Total number of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils, packed cell volumes (PCV) and histological changes in the spleen, liver and kidneys were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in mean values of the hematological parameters (total WBC; PCV; neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils). We observed the central vacuolation and accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen, hypertrophy of the central vein in the liver and shrinking of the glomeruli and accumulation of the lymphocytes in the kidney using hematoxylin and eosin staining following prolonged administration of neem extract (Nm22). Conclusion: Prolonged administration of neem affected the histology of some organs of the rats more than the hematological parameters.
Network-based analysis reveals the potential involvement of proteasome subunit alpha-2 in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, Karami Hassan , Moosavi Maryam ,   Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, Derakhshani Afshin ,   . Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Miri-Moghaddam Ebrahim ,   Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, Touma Marlin ,   Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States, Baradaran Behzad ,   Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Alizadeh Nazila ,   Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Mashhadi Abdolahi Hossein ,   Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil ,   . Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Safarpour Hossein ,   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic form of congenital heart defects. However, there is no effective therapeutic approach and current therapies have limited curative efficacy. Moreover, the exact etiology of TOF has remained largely unknown. Improved understanding of molecular mechanisms can give an insight into TOF pathogenesis and development of therapeutic approaches. Methods: Here, we conducted a systematic study on the right ventricular myocardium of 24 infants (16 ToF/8 control) using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify meaningful modules or candidate biomarkers. Results: Co-expression network analysis by WGCNA suggested that a highly preserved turquoise module with 2,493 genes and a P-value of 3×10-11 was significantly correlated to TOF. The top 5 hub genes of this module were PSMA2, MYL12A, C11ORF71, COMMD6, and CREG1. The result of turquoise module enrichment showed that the most correlation topic in biological processes and KEGG pathways were positive regulation of cardiac neural crest migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis and positive regulation of neural crest cell differentiation. Also, we recognized 4 FDA-approved drug candidates for other indications could potentially use for the treatment of TOF patients through regulation of two hub genes of the co-expression network (PSMA2 and NDUFA4). Our findings also showed that the 13 experimentally validated microRNAs regulated the co-expression network through 5 hub genes. Conclusion: We systematically recognized co-expressed gene modules and hub genes associated with TOF progression, which offered insights into the mechanisms underlying TOF progression and some potential drugs for the treatment of TOF.
The Hedonist Life of the Rulers in the Qur'an Perspective
Authors: Mustaqimah  , Obie Muhammad
Published: January 2021

This study analyzed the hedonist life of the rulers in the Qur’an. Researchers used library research related to hedonism in the perspective of the Qur'an. The method used was the maudhu'i (thematic) method, which is a method in which the mufassir seeks to collect verses from the Qur'an from various surahs and those related to predetermined issues or topics. Allah Almighty has described the nature of the wrongdoers who perform hedonic behavior swaying in pleasure and luxury. Allah Almighty very hates hedonic behavior. Nowadays, hedonism seems to be an ideology for young people. They do not feel taboo to do. They claim themselves as Moslem, but the Moslem lifestyle is not reflected in their daily life. Mainly when they do their business, they change to be more materialistic and satisfy their biological need. They behave into two roles, religion yes and hedonism yes. The hedonism acts as a religious man, but at the same time, they also make status as hedonism. Therefore, when entering the world of hedonists, religion has the right to be defeated or marginalized and replaced by a lifestyle of framed hedonism.
Tumores Neuroendócrinos do Estômago: Série de Casos
Authors: Dal Pizzol Alexandre César , Linhares Eduardo , Gonçalves Rinaldo , Ramos Cintia
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Os tumores neuroendócrinos do estômago, também conhecidos como carcinoides gástricos, são provenientes das células enterocromafins do estômago. Apesar de serem uma neoplasia rara, merecem uma atenção especial devido ao comportamento distinto e menos agressivo do que o adenocarcinoma gástrico. Objetivo: Analisar retrospectivamente os casos de tumores neuroendócrinos gástricos tratados no Serviço de Cirurgia Abdominopélvica do Instituto Nacional de Câncer; elaborar a rotina pré-operatória e de tratamento para o carcinoide gástrico. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se análise retrospectiva da experiência do Instituto Nacional do Câncer, no manejo desses tumores, entre os anos de 1997 e 2008. Resultados: Reportaram-se 17 casos de tumores carcinoides gástricos. Após ampla revisão do tema, aplicaram-se o novo estadiamento e as linhas de tratamento do carcinoide gástrico, baseado nos guidelines do European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society e nesta casuística. Conclusão: O tumor carcinoide gástrico necessita de um tratamento individualizado, a fim de se evitar terapias agressivas desnecessárias ou conservadoras em demasia. O estadiamento e as linhas de tratamento propostas pela European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society mostraram-se de fácil aplicação reprodutíveis e relacionadas ao prognóstico, sendo estabelecidas atualmente como rotinas desse Serviço.
Metástase de Leiomiossarcoma para o Crânio e Coluna: Relato de Caso
Authors: Pereira Francisco Otávio Camargo , Pereira Daniel Callegari , Aguiar Rafael de Castro , Lombardi Ismael Augusto Silva , Zanini Marco Antonio
Published: January 2021

Introdução: O leiomiossarcoma uterino corresponde a, aproximadamente, 30% dos sarcomas uterinos. A idade de maior incidência é por volta dos trinta e cinco anos, alcançando seu crescimento máximo aos cinquenta e cinco anos. Raramente envia metástases para o crânio e para os ossos. Apresentação do caso: Neste relato, descreve-se um caso raro de leiomiossarcoma uterino com metástase para o crânio e coluna. A paciente tinha um diagnóstico prévio de leiomiosarcoma uterino após histerectomia total ocorrida há cinco anos. A lesão craniana foi ressecada e as lesões da coluna foram abordadas com radioterapia. Conclusão: O leiomiossarcoma é normalmente acompanhado por metástases disseminadas e um prognóstico reservado. Metástases do crânio são geralmente vistas em um estágio avançado da doença. A cirurgia não pode alterar o curso da doença subjacente, mas pode aliviar o desconforto local. As opções de tratamento para as metástases espinais são variadas, e as indicações definitivas sobre eficácia não podem ser feitas. Ao nosso conhecimento, é o primeiro caso relatado com ambas as metástases apresentando-se simultaneamente.
Vacina contra o HPV e a Prevenção do Câncer do Colo do Útero: Subsídios para a Prática
Authors: Borsatto Alessandra Zanei , Vidal Maria Luiza Bernardo , Rocha Renata Carla Nencetti Pereira
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura com abordagem descritiva. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos relativos à vacina quadrivalente, encontrados na literatura científica nacional e internacional, quanto à sua descrição química, indicações, esquema vacinal, apresentação e conservação, interação com outras vacinas, duração da proteção, proteção cruzada, segurança, contraindicações, imunogenicidade, reações adversas, eficácia e impacto epidemiológico e econômico. Método: Foi realizado um levantamento de produções nas bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs e Medline, no período entre 2005 e 2009. Dos 70 documentos encontrados, 35 foram selecionados, pois agregavam informações sobre os diversos aspectos técnicos e práticos da vacina quadrivalente. De posse desses documentos, foi realizada leitura analítica com organização por temas e sua apresentação. Resultados: Entre as informações mais relevantes, se pode citar que está indicada para mulheres entre 9 e 26 anos, antes da iniciação sexual, sendo administrada em três doses; possui eficácia comprovada contra os sorotipos nela presentes, sendo altamente imunogênica e com garantia de proteção por cinco anos; é segura, não havendo risco de infecção com a sua administração e com efeitos adversos locais leves a moderados. Conclusão: O trabalho demonstrou que há importantes lacunas do conhecimento sobre a vacina que ainda necessitam ser esclarecidas.
Dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita com ênfase na dislexia
Authors: Neta Francisca Sales de Souza , Silva Clesia de Lima , Costa Daniele de Souza da , Silva Edilma Rejane Rodrigues de Menezes , Santos Niege das Graças de Sousa Mouras dos
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as principais dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita encontrada nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Encontrar as causas e consequências dessas dificuldades, um método a construir mecanismo que possam superá-las e atender as reais necessidades dos alunos. Através desta pesquisa, pretende-se mostrar as dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita, os recursos que podem ser utilizados para solucionar uma condição que enfrenta com relação a essas dificuldades. Portanto, a missão da escola é oferecer aos alunos objetivos para que eles aprendam e possibilitar aos mesmos, atuar criticamente em seu meio social. Mas, nem sempre as escolas conseguem alcançar uma educação de qualidade onde todos possam crescer e associar novos conhecimentos, pois há alunos com aptidões diferentes. Cada criança é única, a dificuldade de aprendizagem está relacionada a individualidade, portanto, há vários níveis de aprendizagem numa mesma turma. Cabe ao professor descobrir possibilidades e incentivá-los a desenvolver habilidades na construção do conhecimento. É fundamental que haja um maior envolvimento e integração de todos que participam do método de ensino-aprendizagem. Para superar as causas e consequências das dificuldades de aprendizagem encontradas por esses alunos na leitura e na escrita. Portanto, é necessário a busca de compreender o que está acontecendo com os mesmos e aplicar a metodologia que possa contribuir e ajudar no desenvolvimento, permitindo que cada indivíduo seja integrado na sociedade letrada.