bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse childhood experiences: Pathways to internalising and externalising problems in young adulthood
Authors: Gomis‐Pomares Aitana , Villanueva Lidón
Published: November 2022

Although adverse childhood experiences have been closely linked to a variety of adjustment difficulties in adulthood, less is known about which specific adverse experience or combinations of experiences are differentially predictive of internalising and externalising problems. This would undoubtedly enhance early adverse childhood experiences prevention and intervention programmes. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences (abuse and neglect) on deviant behaviour, as well as depressive, anxious and stress symptoms in a community sample of Spanish young adults aged 18–20 years old (N = 270). All participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods as part of the International Study SOCIALDEVIANCE1820. All answered self‐report questionnaires about sociodemographic issues, adverse childhood experiences as well as current deviant behaviour and current internalising symptoms. Regression and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis showed that experiencing either physical abuse or a combination of emotional abuse and emotional neglect may lead to externalising problems in men. Internalising problems, however, were linked to the cumulative effect of multiple adverse experiences and were more frequent in women. These pathways to both externalising and internalising problems suggest a differential impact of adverse experiences.
School‐based interventions to reduce teacher violence against children: a systematic review
Authors: Baumgarten Ella , Simmonds Mark , Mason‐Jones Amanda J.
Published: November 2022

Whilst teacher violence against children at school is a significant global issue, it remains a form of child abuse that is rarely explored. The aim of this study was to systematically review the global literature on the effectiveness of school‐based interventions to reduce teacher violence against children. MEDLINE, Embase, ASSIA, CINAHL Complete, ERIC and clinical trials.gov databases were searched from inception to 21 April 2022. Four cluster randomised controlled trials were retrieved from Uganda, Tanzania and Jamaica. The number of schools per study (cluster size) varied from 8 to 42 schools with between 55 and 591 teachers and 220–4789 students. The average student age was between 7 and 15 years old and, on average, the teachers were between 30 and 42 years old. The interventions aimed to reduce teacher violence against children and incorporated teacher training workshops that targeted teacher–student relationships by promoting positive discipline techniques and nurturing learning environments. The use of teacher violence was significantly reduced among intervention groups. This suggests that these interventions may effectively decrease teacher violence against children and therefore should be advocated more widely.
Effect of an mHealth intervention on physical activity outcomes among young adult cancer survivors: The IMPACT randomized controlled trial
Authors: Valle Carmina G. , Diamond Molly A. , Heiling Hillary M. , Deal Allison M. , Hales Derek P. , Nezami Brooke T. , Pinto Bernardine M. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Rini Christine M. , Tate Deborah F.
Published: November 2022

Background

Physical inactivity is common in young adult cancer survivors (YACS), but evidence regarding effects of physical activity (PA) interventions among YACS is limited. The IMproving Physical Activity after Cancer Treatment (IMPACT) trial evaluated a theory‐based mobile PA intervention on total PA minutes/week (primary) and secondary outcomes (moderate‐to‐vigorous PA [MVPA], light PA, steps, sedentary behaviors) at 6 months in YACS.

Methods

YACS (N = 280) were randomized to an intervention group or self‐help group. All participants received digital tools (activity tracker, smart scale, access to arm‐specific Facebook group) and an individual video chat session. Intervention participants also received a 6‐month program with behavioral lessons, adaptive goal‐setting, tailored feedback, tailored text messages, and Facebook prompts. PA was assessed via accelerometry and questionnaires at baseline and 6 months. Generalized estimating equation analyses tested between‐group differences in changes over time.

Results

Of 280 YACS, 251 (90%) completed the 6‐month accelerometry measures. Accelerometer‐measured total PA minutes/week changed from 1974.26 at baseline to 2024.34 at 6 months in the intervention (mean change, 55.14 [95% CI, −40.91 to 151.19]) and from 1814.93 to 1877.68 in the self‐help group (40.94 [95% CI, −62.14 to 144.02]; between‐group p = .84). Increases in MVPA were +24.67 minutes/week (95% CI, 14.77–34.57) in the intervention versus +11.41 minutes/week in the self‐help (95% CI, 1.44–21.38; between‐group p = .07).

Conclusion

Although the intervention did not result in significant differences in total PA, the increase in MVPA relative to the self‐help group might be associated with important health benefits. Future research should examine moderators to identify for whom, and under what conditions, the intervention might be effective.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03569605.

Plain Language Summary

Physical inactivity is common in young adult cancer survivors. However, few interventions have focused on helping young adult cancer survivors to get more physical activity.

The IMproving Physical Activity after Cancer Treatment trial compared a mobile health physical activity intervention with a self‐help group on total amount of physical activity at 6 months in a nationwide sample of young adult cancer survivors.

Intervention participants did not improve their total amount of physical activity, but they did increase their moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity by twice as much as the self‐help participants. This increase in activity may be associated with health benefits.
Near duplicate detection of images with area and proposed pixel‐based feature extraction
Authors: Governor Kalaiarasi , Ramanujam Padmavathy , Mana Suja Cherukullapurath , Perumal Geetha
Published: November 2022

Efficient and accurate near‐duplicate recognition is the trendy research area. Identification of invalid near‐duplicate images offers a wide range of applications, including digital picture forensics, web‐scale retrieval, and, social media analysis. This article intends to introduce a novel near duplicate detection model of images that consists of two stages such as (i) feature extraction and (ii) similarity computation. Originally, the image database is subjected to extracting the features, in which the area‐based features and pixel‐based features are extracted. Here, the area‐based feature extraction includes the contrast context histogram (CCH‐descriptors) and improved weighted bag of visual word (w‐BovW) features; the pixel‐based feature extraction includes the texture features like the proposed local vector pattern. Once the query image is given as the input, it is subjected to the feature extraction stage. Then, the feature vector database and the extracted features of query images are evaluated under similarity computation via improved Jaccard similarity evaluation. Thus, the near duplicate detection of the image is obtained in an effective manner.
Epigenetic modulation enhances immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yan , Hong Young K , Wang Xingtong , Pandit Harshul , Zheng Qianqian , Yu Youxi , Shi Xiaoju , Chen Yujia , Tan Min , Pulliam Zachary , Bhutiani Neal , Lin Andrew , Badach Jeremy , Zhang Ping , Martin Robert CG
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. PDAC has poor response to immunotherapy because of its unique tumour microenvironment (TME). In an attempt to stimulate immunologically silent pancreatic cancer, we investigated the role of epigenetic therapy in modulating the TME to improve immunogenicity.

Methods

In vitro human PDAC cell lines MiaPaca2 and S2‐013 were treated with 5μm 3‐Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep, an EZH2 inhibitor) and 5 μm 5‐Azacytidine (5‐AZA, a DNMT1 inhibitor). In vivo orthotopic murine tumour models using both murine PAN02 cells and KPC cells inoculated in immunocompetent C56/BL7 mice were treated with anti‐PD‐L1 combined with DZNep and 5‐AZA. Short hairpin knockdown (KD) of EZH2 and DNMT1 in PAN02 cells for the orthotopic murine tumour model was established to validate the drug treatment (DZNep and 5‐AZA). qRT‐PCR and microarray assays were performed for the evaluation of Th1‐attracting chemokines and cancer‐associated antigen induction.

Results

Drug treatments induced significant upregulation of gene expressions of Th1‐attracting chemokines, CXCL9 and CXCL10, and the cancer–testis antigens, NY‐ESO‐1, LAGE and SSX‐4 (P < 0.05). In orthotopic tumour models, inoculation of PAN02 cells or KPC cells demonstrated significant tumour regression with corresponding increased apoptosis and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the combination treatment group. In the orthotopic Pan02‐KD model, the anti‐PD‐L1 treatment also caused significant tumour regression.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that immunotherapy for PDAC can be potentiated with epigenetic therapy by increasing cancer‐associated antigen expression and increased T‐cell trafficking across the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment via upregulation of the repressed chemokines and increased apoptosis with subsequent tumour regression.
A transformer‐based end‐to‐end data‐driven model for multisensor time series monitoring of machine tool condition
Authors: Joanes Agung' Oroko , James Kimotho , Samuel Kabini , Evan Murimi
Published: November 2022

Online determination of a cutter's health status is crucial for the attainment of condition‐based automated tool change in computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining. Due to the impracticalities associated with direct condition measurements, data‐based modeling of monitoring signals provides a viable practical route. However, the highly noisy and redundant nature of the associated data impacts negatively on model's accuracy and typically calls for additional initial preprocessing before modeling. Additionally, the long sequential data entails widely varying condition distributions exhibited by different cutters, even from the same batch on similar machining parameters, posing a challenge to model generalization. An end‐to‐end model has thus been developed to work directly on unprocessed data to establish global sensitive features from varying distributions for online tool wear estimation in CNC machining. The model utilizes three main functional blocks. First, a data denoising and feature selection block automatically processes raw multisensor data directly, dispensing with scaling or preprocessing of inputs as conventionally done. Each sensor channel's independence is preserved at initial processing ensuring complementary information from different sensors is utilized while simultaneously minimizing existing redundancies. The weighted denoised data is then processed through a transformer encoder block for determination of global dependencies in the time‐series sequence, regardless of the time‐step position. The learned features are then fed to an upper supervised learning block for association with the monitored wear condition. The developed model works directly on raw noisy data irrespective of scaling differences, saving on preprocessing computational cost. The global associations extracted on long sequences by the transformer‐encoder allow for model generalization to varying wear distributions. The parallel processing structure of all channels ensures complementary information is utilized minimizing unforeseen model bias. The model's performance as evaluated on experimental milling data and further comparison with other reported models on same dataset shows attainment of comparable state‐of‐art results.
Experimental study of photo electro‐Fenton method for the removal of Reactive Yellow 186: Influence of operational parameters
Authors: Elumalai Gomathi , B Sowmya , Rajan Rajesh Kannan , Shanmugam Venkatkumar
Published: November 2022

Water contamination is a global issue which must be addressed and examined in all water resource policies. In recent decades, Pollution from azo dyes has become a significant cause of concern in the environment. Oxidation procedures are preferred to break down organic molecules found in wastewater. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes are among the most successful methodologies for pollutant degradation and inspired by the efficiency of the photo electro‐Fenton (PEF). It has been conducted for removals of organic pollutants using anode (Ti), Stainless Steel cathode. Reactive Yellow 186 (RY 186) azo dye in sulphate medium was subjected to this study pH (2–9), dye concentration (0.05–0.25 g/l), Iron dosage (0.01–0.03 g/l), H2O2 (0.1–0.5 g/l) dosage, and current density (0.1–0.5 mA/cm2) of PEF were evaluated. The optimum pH, RY 186 concentration, Iron dosage, H2O2 dosage, and current density were found to be approximately 3, 0.15 g/l, 0.015 g/l, 0.2 g/l, and 0.1 mA/cm2, respectively. It was concluded that acidic pH was required to increase the degradation efficiency of the PEF at optimum conditions and a reaction time of 15 min. The PEF approach was the most effective method for the reasons, hydroxyl radical oxidation and UVA radiation, degradation of up to 99%, and COD removal was 94.82% with optimized parameters. Degradation and COD analysis tracked with high‐performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results were compared with theoretical zero, first and second‐order models. it was found that the process obeys pseudo‐first‐order kinetic and the studies found to fit the data well (R2 = 0.9824). The cyclic voltammetry technique was employed to investigate the PEF process.
Mid‐Mesozoicto Cenozoic multiphase deformation in the Bayanwula Tectonic Belt, northern China
Authors: Yang Xiangyang , Dong Yunpeng , Feng Yanbo , Xiang Lingzi , Liu Dongsheng , Sun Jiaopeng , Shen Na , Li Meng
Published: November 2022

The Bayanwula Tectonic Belt (BTB) is located between the Alxa Massif and the Ordos Basin in the northwestern North China Craton (NCC). The Mid‐Mesozoic to Cenozoic deformation characteristics of the BTB is crucial for understanding the tectonic processes of eastern Asia during that time. Together with the regional geology, our field observation and structural analysis reveal that the BTB has undergone three phases of deformation since the Late Jurassic. The first phase of deformation (D1) is represented by NE–SW‐striking thrust faults involved in the Jurassic strata, indicating a phase of NW–SE shortening deformation. Based on the combination of angular unconformity between the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata, the timing of D1is constrained at the end of Jurassic and dynamically related to the westward subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate during the end of the Jurassic. The second one (D2) is characterized by the ~NE–SW‐striking normal faults and Lower Cretaceous syn‐sedimentary strata on both sides of the BTB, which show that a phase of ~NW–SE extension deformation occurred in the Early Cretaceous, dynamically related to the rollback of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate in the Early Cretaceous. The third stage of deformation (D3) is represented by the NW–SE‐striking folds that involved the Pliocene strata, as well as dextral strike‐slipping of the East Bayanwula Fault and the West Helanshan Fault, indicating a phase of NE–SW shortening at the end of the Pliocene. Dynamically, the D3is related to the outward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau.
Maternal depression and the timing of mother–child dialogue
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , McDaniel Valerie F. , Ispa Jean M. , McMurray Bob
Published: November 2022

Turn‐taking in dialogue is an essential part of communication and early language experience. The prevalence of utterances and the timing of responses in dialogue were examined at 14 and 36 months of age in 104 mother–child dyads from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (EHSREP). Mothers varied in their level of depression risk (measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression scale; CES‐D). Although maternal utterance rate did not vary significantly across any factors, the latency of mothers' responses to their children decreased with development (12 ms/month) and was significantly related to that of their own children (i.e., slow‐responding children had slow‐responding mothers). Mothers with higher levels of depressive symptoms were 11% slower in responding to their children than mothers with low depression risk, suggesting that the interactive timing of speech to children may be particularly sensitive to maternal depression, modifying the contingent properties of children's early language experience.
The added prognostic values of baseline PET dissemination parameter in patients with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Gong Huanyu , Tang Bo , Li Tiannv , Li Jianyong , Tang Lijun , Ding Chongyang
Published: November 2022

To explore the prognostic values of baseline 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F] fluoro‐D‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) dissemination parameter in angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) and its added values to total metabolic tumour volume (TMTV). Eighty‐one AITL patients with at least two FDG‐avid lesions in baseline PET/CT were retrospectively included. PET parameters including TMTV and the distance between the two lesions that are the furthest apart (Dmax) were obtained. Univariate Cox analysis showed that both Dmax and TMTV were risk factors for progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox analysis models of different combinations showed that high Dmax (> 65.7 cm) could independently predict both PFS and OS, while high TMTV (>456.6 cm3) was only significant for OS. A concise PET model based on TMTV and Dmax can effectively risk‐stratify patients. PFS and OS rates were significantly lower in patients with high Dmax and high TMTV than in patients with low Dmax and low TMTV (3‐year PFS rate: 15.0% vs. 48.7%, p = 0.001; 3‐year OS rate: 27.6% vs. 79.0%, p < 0.001). Dmax can directly reflect the disease dissemination characteristic and has a significant prognostic value for FDG‐avid AITL patients. It has the potential to be introduced into new risk stratification models for tailored treatment.
A systematic literature review of the clinical signs and symptoms of veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after haematopoietic cell transplantation in adults and children
Authors: Angus James , Connolly Shannon , Letton William , Martin Chris , Martin Alison
Published: November 2022

Veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a rare, serious complication following haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This systematic literature review evaluated differences in clinical manifestations of VOD/SOS post‐HCT in adults and children. Medline and Embase were searched up to 4 March 2021 for reports of VOD/SOS post‐HCT; VOD/SOS diagnostic guidelines were included. Publications were evaluated based on inclusion of five cardinal clinical features of VOD/SOS (ascites, hepatomegaly, hyperbilirubinaemia, right upper quadrant [RUQ] pain and weight gain ≥5%). Overall, 204 publications were included. At diagnosis, hyperbilirubinaemia was more common in adults (93%) versus children (82%), weight gain ≥5% and hepatomegaly were more common in children (86%, 89%) versus adults (73%, 76%) and ascites and RUQ pain were similar between age groups. While 40% of cases had all five cardinal features, age was not a substantial determinant of the likelihood of missing any single specific feature. The proportion of cases, where hyperbilirubinaemia was the first recorded feature, was higher in children versus adults; weight gain and RUQ pain appeared first in a greater proportion of adults versus children. VOD/SOS diagnosis can be challenging; features may not present in a distinct sequence. This necessitates continuous vigilance by those involved in patient monitoring post‐HCT.
Gender equity and land: The role of corporate social responsibility in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Uduji Joseph Ikechukwu , Okolo‐Obasi Elda Nduka
Published: November 2022

We examine the impact of multinationals oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) on enhancing land rights for rural women. A total of 1200 women were sampled across the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model show that MOCs' CSR using global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) model recorded significant success in various policy mechanisms to improve gender equality in land access. The linkages include joint‐titling modalities, land leasing, land use certificate issuances, and community and territorial land delimitation interventions for both agricultural production and security in Nigeria's oil host communities.
A general theory of de‐internationalization
Authors: Lim Weng Marc , Mandrinos Symeon
Published: November 2022

De‐internationalization is a novel phenomenon that is gaining significant attention because of its proliferation in international business. However, unlike internationalization, literature on de‐internationalization remains opaque and scarce, whereby the acts that characterize de‐internationalization and the characters of those acts have remain largely underexplored. To address this knowledge gap and contribute to the body of knowledge on international business, this article aims to shed light on the acts and characters of acts defining de‐internationalization. To do so, this article adopts a taxonomic method to conceptual development. In doing so, this article explains that (1) the act of de‐internationalization can manifest as a firm's decision to adapt and stay or withdraw and exit an international market (what is happening), which can occur through (2) decoupling or psychic distance (how it is happening) due to (3) a means‐ends or a needs‐ends reason (why it is happening), respectively. Taken collectively, this article makes a seminal contribution by establishing a general theory of de‐internationalization.
Use of Convolutional Neural Networks to Evaluate Auricular Reconstruction Outcomes for Microtia
Authors: Tolba Mariam , Qian Z. Jason , Lin Hung‐Fu , Yeom Kristen W. , Truong Mai Thy
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The objective of this study is to determine whether machine learning may be used for objective assessment of aesthetic outcomes of auricular reconstructive surgery.

Methods

Images of normal and reconstructed auricles were obtained from internet image search engines. Convolutional neural networks were constructed to identify auricles in 2D images in an auto‐segmentation task and to evaluate whether an ear was normal versus reconstructed in a binary classification task. Images were then assigned a percent score for “normal” ear appearance based on confidence of the classification.

Results

Images of 1115 ears (600 normal and 515 reconstructed) were obtained. The auto‐segmentation task identified auricles with 95.30% accuracy compared to manually segmented auricles. The binary classification task achieved 89.22% accuracy in identifying reconstructed ears. When the confidence of the classification was used to assign percent scores to “normal” appearance, the reconstructed ears were classified to a range of 2% (least like normal ears) to 98% (most like normal ears).

Conclusion

Image‐based analysis using machine learning can offer objective assessment without the bias of the patient or the surgeon. This methodology could be adapted to be used by surgeons to assess quality of operative outcome in clinical and research settings.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2413–2416, 2023
Octreotide may improve pharyngocutaneous fistula healing through downregulation of cystatins: A pilot study
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Reed William , Foster Matthew W. , Kahmke Russel R. , Rocke Daniel J. , Puscas Liana , Cannon Trinitia Y. , Lee Walter T.
Published: November 2022

Background

Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) and salivary leaks are well known complications of head and neck surgery. The medical management of PCF has included the use of octreotide without a well‐defined understanding of its therapeutic mechanism. We hypothesized that octreotide induces alterations in the saliva proteome and that these alterations may provide insight into the mechanism of action underlying improved PCF healing. We undertook an exploratory pilot study in healthy controls that involved collecting saliva before and after a subcutaneous injection of octreotide and performing proteomic analysis to determine the effects of octreotide.

Methods

Four healthy adult participants provided saliva samples before and after subcutaneous injection of octreotide. A mass‐spectrometry based workflow optimized for the quantitative proteomic analysis of biofluids was then employed to analyze changes in salivary protein abundance after octreotide administration.

Results

There were 3076 human, 332 Streptococcus mitis, 102 G. haemolyans, and 42 Granulicatella adiacens protein groups quantified in saliva samples. A paired statistical analysis was performed using the generalized linear model (glm) function in edgeR. There were and ~300 proteins that had a p < .05 between the pre‐ and post‐octreotide groups ~50 proteins with an FDR‐corrected p < .05 between pre‐ and post‐groups. These results were visualized using a volcano plot after filtering on proteins quantified by 2 more or unique precursors. Both human and bacterial proteins were among the proteins altered by octreotide treatment. Notably, four isoforms of the human cystatins, belonging to a family of cysteine proteases, that had significantly lower abundance after treatment.

Conclusion

This pilot study demonstrated octreotide‐induced downregulation of cystatins. By downregulation of cystatins in the saliva, there is decreased inhibition of cysteine proteases such as Cathepsin S. This results in increased cysteine protease activity that has been linked to enhanced angiogenic response, cell proliferation and migration that have resulted in improved wound healing. These insights provide first steps at furthering our understanding of octreotide's effects on saliva and reports of improved PCF healing.
A new approach for non‐Gaussian vibration analysis of hyperbolic tangent package with a critical component
Authors: Yang Song‐Ping , Su Ri‐Qing , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Chen Yu
Published: November 2022

A new approach is proposed to analyze the non‐Gaussian random vibration of hyperbolic tangent package. Firstly, the non‐Gaussian vibration noise of specified mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis is developed by Hermite polynomial and verified by Gaussian mixture model theory. Secondly, next to analyzing an analytical and numerical response of the two degrees of freedom linear package, the acceleration response of the two degrees of freedom hyperbolic tangent package system under non‐Gaussian vibration excitation is obtained though the Hermite polynomial and Runge–Kutta method, and the effects of the external excitation and system parameters are investigated. Finally, on the basis of the first‐passage probability of the acceleration response, the reliability analysis method is introduced. The analysis provides a guidance to the vibration reliability analysis and packaging optimization design.
Dynamics and density function of a stochastic differential infectivity epidemic model with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Shi Zhenfeng , Jiang Daqing
Published: November 2022

This paper considers a stochastic hybrid differential infectivity epidemic model with standard incidence perturbed by mean‐reverting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Applying Lyapunov method, we first show existence and uniqueness of the global solution. Then sufficient conditions for persistence in the mean and exponential extinction of the infectious disease are obtained. Furthermore, by solving the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation, we derive that the global solution around the endemic equilibrium follows a unique probability density function. Finally, numerical simulations are employed to demonstrate the analytical results.
On the multiple explicit exact solutions to the double‐chain DNA dynamical system
Authors: Younas Usman , Ren Jingli , Akinyemi Lanre , Rezazadeh Hadi
Published: November 2022

The nonlinear dynamics of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the subject of this research. For an organism to flourish and reproduce, it needs the genetic information that is contained in its DNA. In the DNA molecule, the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs of the two polynucleotide chains are represented by an elastic membrane (or a series of linear springs) that connects the model's two long elastic homogeneous strands (or rods). Using two integration norms, namely, the new auxiliary equation method (NAEM) and the extended sinh‐Gordon equation expansion method (ShGEEM), we obtain a variety of nonlinear dynamical solitary wave structures in various shapes, including hyperbolic, trigonometric, and exponential function solutions, as well as some unique solitary wave solutions, including bell‐shaped, kink, singular, combined, and multiple solitons. Using the logarithmic transformation assistant, we examine a variety of wave structures and recover singular periodic wave solutions with unknown parameters, along with the validity constraints. According to the results, the governing model contains an unusually large number of theoretically exact solitary wave solutions. The physical characterization of some of the presented results can be visualized in 3D and 2D profiles by selecting the appropriate parameter values.
The Future Proofing Study: Design, methods and baseline characteristics of a prospective cohort study of the mental health of Australian adolescents
Authors: Werner‐Seidler Aliza , Maston Kate , Calear Alison L. , Batterham Philip J. , Larsen Mark E. , Torok Michelle , O’Dea Bridianne , Huckvale Kit , Beames Joanne R. , Brown Lyndsay , Fujimoto Hiroko , Bartholomew Alexandra , Bal Debopriyo , Schweizer Susanne , Skinner S. Rachel , Steinbeck Katharine , Ratcliffe Julie , Oei Ju‐Lee , Venkatesh Svetha , Lingam Raghu , Perry Yael , Hudson Jennifer L. , Boydell Katherine M. , Mackinnon Andrew , Christensen Helen
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The Future Proofing Study (FPS) was established to examine factors associated with the onset and course of mental health conditions during adolescence. This paper describes the design, methods, and baseline characteristics of the FPS cohort.

Methods

The FPS is an Australian school‐based prospective cohort study with an embedded cluster‐randomized controlled trial examining the effects of digital prevention programs on mental health. Data sources include self‐report questionnaires, cognitive functioning, linkage to health and education records, and smartphone sensor data. Participants are assessed annually for 5 years.

Results

The baseline cohort (N = 6388, M = 13.9 years) is broadly representative of the Australian adolescent population. The clinical profile of participants is comparable to other population estimates. Overall, 15.1% of the cohort met the clinical threshold for depression, 18.6% for anxiety, 31.6% for psychological distress, and 4.9% for suicidal ideation. These rates were significantly higher in adolescents who identified as female, gender diverse, sexuality diverse, or Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (all ps < 0.05).

Conclusions

This paper provides current and comprehensive data about the status of adolescent mental health in Australia. The FPS cohort is expected to provide significant insights into the risk, protective, and mediating factors associated with development of mental health conditions during adolescence.
Hot exciton effect in photoluminescence of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Xiao Ke , Duan Ruihuan , Liu Zheng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yao Wang , Cui Xiaodong
Published: November 2022

Hot excitons are usually neglected in optical spectroscopy in two‐dimensional semiconductors for the sake of momentum conservation, as the majority of hot excitons are out of light cones. In this letter, we elaborate on the contribution of hot excitons to optical properties of monolayer Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) with photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. With the excitation‐intensity‐dependent PL, temperature‐dependent PL and PLE experiments combined with the simulations, we experimentally distinguish the influences of the exciton temperature and the lattice temperature in the PL spectrum. It is concluded that the acoustic phonon‐assisted PL accounts for the non‐Lorentzian high energy tail in the PL spectrum, and the hot exciton effect is significant to linear optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides. Besides, the effective exciton temperature is found to be several tens of Kelvin higher than the lattice temperature at non‐resonant optical excitation. It indicates that the exciton temperature needs to be carefully taken into account when considering the exciton‐related quantum phase phenomena such as exciton condensation. It is experimentally demonstrated that the effective exciton temperature can be tuned by excitation energy.

Key points

The acoustic phonon‐assisted photoluminescence (PL) accounts for the non‐Lorentzian high‐energy tail in the PL spectrum.

“Hot” excitons play a significant role in optical properties of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides.

The effective exciton temperature could be tuned by excitation energy.
Impact of direct‐acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C on cardiovascular diseases and extrahepatic cancers
Authors: Lam Laurent , Fontaine Hélène , Lapidus Nathanael , Dorival Céline , Bellet Jonathan , Larrey Dominique , Nahon Pierre , Diallo Alpha , Cagnot Carole , Lusivika‐Nzinga Clovis , Téoulé François , Hejblum Gilles , Bourlière Marc , Pol Stanislas , Carrat Fabrice ,   for the ANRS/AFEF Hepather study group
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The impact of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) on extrahepatic complications in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients remains poorly described. We estimated the association of DAAs with cardiovascular events and extrahepatic cancers.

Methods

The prospective ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort was enriched with individual data until December 2018 from the French Health Insurance Database (SNDS). CHC patients were enrolled between August 2012 and December 2015 in 32 French hepatology centers. A total of 8148 CHC adults were selected. Cardiovascular events (stroke, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, arrhythmias and conduction disorders [ACD], peripheral arterial disease [PAD]) and extrahepatic solid cancers were derived from the SNDS. Associations between DAAs and extrahepatic events were estimated using marginal structural models, with adjustments for clinical confounders.

Results

Analyses of 12 905 person‐years of no DAA exposure and 22 326 person‐years following DAA exposure showed a decreased risk of PAD after DAA exposure (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33–0.89), a beneficial effect of DAAs on overall cardiovascular outcomes in patients with advanced fibrosis (aHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42–0.79), and an increased risk of ACD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.04–2.04), predominant after the first year following DAA initiation. There was no association between DAAs and extrahepatic cancer risk (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.50–3.03).

Conclusions

DAAs were not associated with extrahepatic cancer development or reduction. They were associated with a decreased risk of PAD and an increased risk of ACD, supporting long‐term cardiac monitoring after DAA therapy.
Amorphous silicon carbonitride a‐SiCN thin film coatings by remote plasma chemical vapor deposition using organosilicon precursor: Effect of plasma composition
Authors: Wrobel Aleksander M. , Uznanski Pawel
Published: November 2022

Our study on amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbonitride thin films produced by remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP‐CVD) from 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisilazane as a single‐source compound using the H2 + N2 upstream‐gas‐mixture for generation of microwave plasma are reviewed. The effect of nitrogen content in the H2 + N2 mixture fed to a plasma on the rate and yield of the RP‐CVD process, chemical structure, surface morphology, and properties of a‐SiCN films deposited at a constant substrate temperature of TS = 300°C is described. The deposited films were characterized in terms of their chemical structure, surface roughness, density, refractive index, hardness, elasticity, resistance to wear, and friction coefficient. Due to their properties, a‐SiCN films appear to be very promising coatings for improving the surface mechanics of engineering materials used in advanced technologies.
Natural resources, renewable energy, and governance: A path towards sustainable development
Authors: Nchofoung Tii N. , Ojong Nathanael
Published: November 2022

Based on data for 48 African countries for the period 2000–2020, we analyse the effects of natural resources on renewable energy development and the mediating effects of governance on that relationship. For this purpose, the Ordinary Least Squares method was used to develop a baseline regression model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach was used for the dynamic model regression. Quantile regression was used for robustness checking across the various distributions of renewable energy. First, we find that natural resources enhance renewable energy development in Africa and that the results are robust across alternative specifications of natural resources and governance, except for forest resources, which have a negative effect on renewable energy development. When robustness is checked through a quantile regression analysis, the results show that the positive effect depends on the conditional distribution of natural resources and the type of natural resource under consideration. The negative effect of total natural resources becomes weaker as we move towards higher quantiles. Second, governance interacts with natural resource rents to generate positive effects across different governance specifications and natural resources, except for coal rent. We thereby derive some relevant implications for renewable energy financing in the Global South.
Metal Nanocatalyst Sintering Interrogated at Complementary Length Scales
Authors: Solano Eduardo , Dendooven Jolien , Deduytsche Davy , Poonkottil Nithin , Feng Ji‐Yu , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Detavernier Christophe , Filez Matthias
Published: November 2022

Metal nanoparticle (NP) sintering is a prime cause of catalyst degradation, limiting its economic lifetime and viability. To date, sintering phenomena are interrogated either at the bulk scale to probe averaged NP properties or at the level of individual NPs to visualize atomic motion. Yet, “mesoscale” strategies which bridge these worlds can chart NP populations at intermediate length scales but remain elusive due to characterization challenges. Here, a multi‐pronged approach is developed to provide complementary information on Pt NP sintering covering multiple length scales. High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and Monte Carlo simulation show that the size evolution of individual NPs depends on the number of coalescence events they undergo during their lifetime. In its turn, the probability of coalescence is strongly dependent on the NP's mesoscale environment, where local population heterogeneities generate NP‐rich “hotspots” and NP‐free zones during sintering. Surprisingly, advanced in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction shows that not all NPs within the small NP sub‐population are equally prone to sintering, depending on their crystallographic orientation on the support surface. The demonstrated approach shows that mesoscale heterogeneities in the NP population drive sintering and mitigation strategies demand their maximal elimination via advanced catalyst synthesis strategies.
Effects of replacement ratio and particle size distribution of recycled coarse aggregate on mechanical properties of concrete designed using equivalent mortar volume method
Authors: Wang Qinghe , Liu Yuting , Wang Dong
Published: November 2022

The equivalent mortar volume (EMV) mixing method has been proposed to prepare recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with comparable mechanical properties to those of reference natural aggregate concrete (NAC). Previous studies primarily focused on the mechanical properties of EMV concrete with a single replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). This paper investigates how the mechanical properties of EMV concrete vary with the replacement ratios and particle size distributions of RCA. Five different RCA replacement ratios and two RCA particle size distributions were assessed. A material demand coefficient was principally proposed to quantify the contribution of the EMV mixing method to reduce the environmental impact; the maximum RCA replacement ratio was suggested to obtain sufficient workability of EMV concrete using an effective sand ratio; a drying shrinkage model was theoretically proposed for EMV concrete accounting for the drying shrinkage of residual mortar. The obtained results indicated that the compressive strength and elastic modulus properties of EMV concrete decreased with increasing RCA replacement ratios; using the effective sand ratio of EMV concrete, comparable mechanical properties to those of reference NAC could be obtained for EMV concrete; the proposed shrinkage model was consistent with the available experimental data.
Long non‐coding RNA TDRG1 aggravates lung cancer stemness by binding to Sox2mRNA
Authors: Lu You , Cheng Jing , Mao Qixing , Wang Zhongqiu , Wei Qiang
Published: November 2022

The roles of long non‐coding RNA TDRG1 have been revealed in several tumors, especially its roles in CSC progression have been recently elucidated; However, its effects in lung CSC progression have not been revealed. In the present study, we collected 3D non‐adherent spheres as the CSC model to measure lncRNA TDRG1 level in lung CSC and the parental lung cancer cells, and found that TDRG1 level was significantly upregulated in lung CSCs compared to that of parental lung cancer cells. Then we constructed the lung CSCs with or without TDRG1 stable knockdown and lung cancer cells with or without TDRG1 stable overexpression. It was found that TDRG1 positively regulated lung cancer stemness. Mechanistically, we identified that TDRG1 directly bound to Sox2 mRNA, which is a critical stemness regulator, enhanced its mRNA stability, and thus increased Sox2 expression. Indeed, we demonstrated that TDRG1 aggravated lung cancer stemness dependent on Sox2 expression. Thus, this study suggests that TDRG1 is a critical stemness promoter of lung cancer cells by acting as a stabilizer for Sox2 mRNA.
Nitrenium Salts in Intramolecular Lewis Pairs
Authors: Avigdori Idan , Singh Kuldeep , Pogoreltsev Alla , Kaushansky Alexander , Fridman Natalia , Gandelman Mark
Published: November 2022

Herein we present the synthesis, full characterization and systematic investigation of intramolecular Lewis pairs incorporating Lewis acidic N‐heterocyclic nitrenium salts linked to phosphine Lewis bases. Intramolecular Lewis adducts and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) were obtained, depending on different modification to the molecular structure. Several different aryl and alkyl groups were utilized as substituents on the core naphthotriazinium and phosphine components, which were linked by an alkyl chain of variable length. Whereas an intermolecular Lewis adduct of nitrenium with a relatively weak phosphine donor (Ph2PMe) was not observed, the corresponding intramolecular version (Ph2PR) was detected both in a dissociated Lewis pair form and as a coordinated Lewis adduct simultaneously. Additionally, one set of modifications led to a unique rearrangement of the nitrenium core, resulting in a fused heterocycle. The mechanism of this rearrangement was analyzed computationally.
Reconciliation and Recognition in the Oslo Accords
Authors: Ricarte Joana
Published: November 2022

This chapter analyzes the brief, although game-changing, Oslo Era. This chapter argues that the Oslo period has operated a rupture in the already existing tendency of dehumanizing the ‘other’, as discourses and narratives connected to dehumanization in the elite level deeply impacted perceptions on the societal level, creating the environment for the positive transformation of the conflict. However, its conclusions point to the pernicious impact of the disappointment connected to the feelings of loss of expectations and hope, as well as the emergence of new narratives about blames and responsibilities, which have added new grievances to the already existing ones.
European Structural and Investment Funds 2021–2027: Prediction Analysis Based on Machine Learning Models
Authors: Santos Victor
Published: November 2022

This research presents several machine learning algorithms and prediction models to anticipate the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) application in different European Union (EU) countries. These analyses start with data training from 2014 to 2020 ESIF, to test and predict the application of the future ESI Funds for 2021–2027. We deliver an analysis focused on the priorities of each fund, highlighting the differences between the programs in different time periods. In the framework of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), we will specifically address the assessment of the following themes: support innovation of small and medium-sized businesses, to greener, low-carbon, and resilient projects with enhanced mobility. In what concerns the European Social Fund (ESF), we will evaluate projects that promote and increase the EU’s employment, social, education, and skills policies, including structural reforms in these areas. Regarding the cohesion funds (CF), we will be targeting the improvements between the two ESIFs, looking at projects in the field of environment and trans-European networks in the area of transport infrastructure (TEN-T). In summary, we will be looking at the future of ESIF through the glasses of artificial intelligence.
Are ERDF Devoted to Boosting ICT in SMEs Inefficient? Further Insights Through the Joint Use of DEA with SFA Models
Authors: Henriques Carla , Viseu Clara
Published: November 2022

We employ a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model coupled with Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) by using data made freely available by the European Commission, to evaluate the procedural efficiency of 51 OPs from 16 countries committed to fostering the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in small mid-sized enterprises (SMEs). We depart from the results obtained in the previous Chapter with two DEA models, specifically the Slack Based-Measure (SBM) and the Weighted Russel Directional Distance (WRDD) model. Firstly, we adjust the input and output factors through the SFA by removing the influence of environmental factors and statistical noise. Secondly, we instantiate the previous DEA models with adjusted factors, to compute new efficiency factors. All in all, we observed that by removing these contextual effects, nearly 27% of the OPs (14) vs. 30% of the OPs (16) using the SBM and the WRDD approaches, respectively, achieved efficient procedural outcomes, compared to 20 percent (10) without the consideration of these factors. The OP “Multi-regional Spain - ERDF” is commonly considered a benchmark regardless of the model and contextual environment. The ‘number of operations supported’ is the measure that necessitates more consideration, with or without the elimination of environmental factors, irrespective of the DEA model used. Our findings imply that more developed areas with a higher number of ICT specialists tend to have lower use of ERDF funds committed to promoting ICT adoption in SMEs. These findings might be attributable to administrative practices and SMEs’ failure to manage the complicated technicalities involved in submitting and executing European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) project proposals. As a result, it is critical to provide the extra help that reduces managerial requirements while also meeting the demands of SMEs.