bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freeze-dried fast food products based on homogenized fish and plant systems
Authors: zarubin Nikita , Strokova Natalya , Bredihina Ol'ga , Krasnova Irina , Lavruhina Elizaveta
Published: April 2021

The article presents research data that substantiate the relevance of the development of a ready-to-eat food product in the form of freeze-dried snacks and soups based on a homogenized fish-growing system. The developed recipe compositions and the technology of freeze-dried snacks and soups make it possible to produce high-protein, full-fledged amino acid products that also contain mono - and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3,6,9), minerals (K, Na, P, Co, Cr, Se, I), nutritional fiber - fiber and inulin. High nutritional and biological values allow us to recommend the obtained freeze-dried products as functional food products for a wide range of consumers, including snacks for use in the diets of people who follow a "protein diet", as well as with increased physical activity; soups – for people with increased body weight, who monitor the calorie content of food, leading a healthy lifestyle.
Bermain Playdough dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Visual-Spasial Melalui Home Visit di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Widiastita Niken , Anhusadar Laode
Published: April 2021

Penelitian tindakan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan visual-spasial melalui kegiatan bermain menggunakan media playdough pada anak kelompok B PAUD Baitul Qur’an Kecamatan Ranomeeto. Dengan subjek penelitian yaitu anak usia 5-6 tahun. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi, dan hasil karya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan portofolio. Proses penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan empat tahapan yakni: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bermain menggunakan media playdough dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan visual-spasial anak kelompok B PAUD Baitul Qur’an Kecamatan Ranomeeto. Pada siklus satu menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kecerdasan visual-spasial anak dominan berada pada penilaian mulai berkembang dan berkembang sesuai harapan dengan kriteria ketuntasan 40% atau berada pada kategori cukup. Pada siklus dua menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kecerdasan visual-spasial anak dominan berada pada penilaian berkembang sangat baik dengan kriteria ketuntasan sangat baik perkembangan kecerdasan visual-spasial melalui kegiatan bermain playdough pada indikator koordinator mata dan motorik anak dalam membuat berbagai bentuk sebanyak 80%, kemantapan persepsi anak dalam mengenal macam-macam warna dan ragam bentuk yaitu 90%, diskriminasi visual anak dalam membedakan dan mengklasifikasikan bentuk dan ukuran suatu benda sebanyak 80%.
Malnutrition and tuberculosis: the gap between basic research and clinical trials
Authors: Tellez-Navarrete Norma A , Ramon-Luing Lucero A , Muñoz-Torrico Marcela , Osuna-Padilla Ivan Armando , Chavez-Galan Leslie
Published: April 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease that leads to numerous deaths worldwide. Malnutrition, smoking, alcohol abuse, Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, and diabetes are some of the most important risk factors associated with TB development. At present, it is necessary to conduct studies on risk factors to establish new effective strategies and combat this disease. Malnutrition has been established as a risk factor since several years ago; although there is in vitro experimental evidence that reveals the importance of micronutrients in activating the immune response against M.tb, evidence from clinical trials is controversial. Currently, nutritional assessment is recommended in all TB patients upon diagnosis. However, there is insufficient evidence to indicate micronutrient supplementation as adjuvant therapy or prophylactic to prevent micronutrient depletion. Strengthening the interaction between basic and clinical research is necessary to carry out studies that will help establish adjuvant therapies to improve outcomes in TB patients. In this review, we discuss the experimental evidence, provided by basic research, regarding micronutrients in the TB field. However, when these studies are applied to clinical trials, the data are inconsistent, indicating that still missing mechanisms are necessary to propose alternatives to the treatment of TB patients.
A comparative analysis of COVID-19 outbreak on age groups and both the sexes of population from India and other countries
Authors: Jakhmola Shweta , Baral Budhadev , Jha Hem Chandra
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The study of epidemiological outcomes of COVID-19 in the affected countries needs to be conducted to implement an effective strategy.

Methodology: Our study included age and sex-based analysis of epidemiological data of infected and deceased patients from various countries. The patient data was graphically depicted with the slope's calculation to describe a gradual or steep spread of the disease along with subsequent rise or fall in the death reports.

Results: Population groups of 20-49 years of age and 50 years-above were highly vulnerable to infection. Interestingly, 20-49 years of age group was most affected in India. However, higher population of the deceased were reported in the 50 years-above in all countries. India and South Korea demonstrated a gradual appearance of COVID-19 positive cases than other countries illustrated by reduced slope %. Further the highest percentage of infected people and deaths were reported from the densely populated states of India. We observed a sex independent prevalence of COVID-19. The BCG and JE vaccine are unique in the vaccination regime of India and South Korea.

Conclusions: Reduced ACE-2 expression in the children's nasal epithelium may be responsible for reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Countries showed varying patterns in COVID-19 spread and associated mortality. It may be influenced by factors, such as screening strategy, countries demography, implementation of lockdown, etc. Due to limited evidence, it would be difficult to point to the influence of the virus on either sexes. Although vaccines may stimulate non-specific immunity, experimental proofs are needed to demonstrate the potential of any vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: Cruciform eye reveals new species of direct-developing frog (Strabomantidae, Pristimantis) in the Amazonian Andes
Authors: Chávez Germán , García-Ayachi Luis A. , Catenazzi Alessandro
Published: April 2021

We describe a new species of frog from the eastern slopes of the Andes in central Peru. Pristimantis sirasp. nov. has a distinctive crossing mark on the iris and no tympanum. The new species is closely related to P. antisuyu Catenazzi & Lehr, 2018, P. cruciocularis Lehr, Lundberg, Aguilar & von May, 2006, and P. erythroinguinis Catenazzi & Lehr, 2018, but is easily differentiable by lacking colour blotches on groins. Pristimantis sirasp. nov. inhabits the mountain forests from 1550 to 2200 m a.s.l., inside a national reserve threatened by illegal mining.
Metabarcoding of environmental samples suggest wide distribution of eelgrass (Zostera marina) pathogens in the north Pacific
Authors: Menning Damian M. , Gravley Hunter A. , Cady Melissa N. , Pepin Daniel , Wyllie-Echeverria Sandy , Ward David H. , Talbot Sandra L.
Published: April 2021

Seagrass meadows provide important ecological services to the marine environment but are declining worldwide. Although eelgrass meadows in the north Pacific are thought to be relatively healthy, few studies have assessed the presence of known disease pathogens in these meadows. In a pilot study to test the efficacy of the methods and to provide foundational disease biodiversity data in the north Pacific, we leveraged metabarcoding of environmental DNA extracted from water, sediment, and eelgrass tissue samples collected from five widely distributed eelgrass meadows in Alaska and one in Japan and uncovered wide prevalence of two classes of pathogenic organisms – Labyrinthula zosterae and other associated strains of Labyrinthula, and the Phytophthora/Halophytophthora blight species complex – known to have caused decline in eelgrass (Zostera marina) elsewhere in the species’ global distribution. Although the distribution of these disease organisms is not well understood in the north Pacific, we uncovered the presence of at least one eelgrass pathogen at every locality sampled.
Morphological and molecular identification of two new Alternaria species (Ascomycota, Pleosporaceae) in section Radicina from China
Authors: He Lin , Cheng Hong , Zhao Lin , Htun Aye Aye , Yu Zhi He , Deng Jian Xin , Li Qi Li
Published: April 2021

The fungal genus Alternaria was distributed widely and found in different habitats such as plant or indoor environment. During an investigation into this genus in China, two new Alternaria species, Alternaria vulgarae and A. divaricatae were respectively isolated from diseased leaves of Foeniculum vulgare and Saposhnikovia divaricata, which both belonged to Umbelliferae. Phylogenetically, they were determined as new species belonging in the section Radicina of Alternaria based on the combined four gene fragments of ITS, TEF1, GAPDH and RPB2. Morphologically, the two species were illustrated and compared with other relevant Alternaria species in section Radicina.
Termites’ diversity in a protected park of the northern Sudanian savanna of Togo (West Africa)
Authors: Effowe Toblie Quashie , Kasseney Boris Dodji , Ndiaye Abdoulaye Baïla , Sanbena Bassan Banibea , Amevoin Komina , Glitho Isabelle Adolé
Published: April 2021

Termites occur in many ecosystems throughout tropical and subtropical areas. Their distribution is driven by several factors, including landscape and some soil characteristics. This study aims to determine soil organic matter’s role on termites’ diversity in a shrubby savanna park. Termites were sampled across transects in 3 sites of Galangashi park (northern part of Togo). The soil in which termites were harvested was analyzed to check organic matter’s influence on termites’ species richness. A total of 28 termite species belonging to 14 genera and 6 subfamilies were identified. Feeding group II (all fungus-growing termites, grass feeders, and wood feeders) was the most important among the three identified groups. Nine species (with two potentially new species for sciences: Amitermes sp and Eremotermes sp) were recorded for the first time in the country. A strong correlation was found between species richness, total organic matter, and total organic carbon, suggesting the influence of soil richness on termite distribution. The occurrence of the unique member of the feeding group I, Coptotermes intermedius Silvestri, 1912, as well as the occurrence of Fulleritermes tenebricus Silvestri, 1914 (both wood-dwelling termites), was certainly due to the vegetation. The relatively higher species richness as well as the correlation between the species richness and the organic matter of shrub savanna, suggest a better conservation of this landscape.
Les résistances d’un couple à devenir parent. Effets inconscients d’un inceste transgénérationnel
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: April 2021

Le couple est parfois bousculé lors de l’arrivée d’un enfant qui oblige à un réaménagement de l’héritage psychique et des alliances fondatrices de la conjugalité. Des résistances s’installent, surtout lorsque les liens se sont organisés pour immobiliser le réveil de souffrances générationnelles. Le cas singulier d’une difficile conception d’un enfant, présenté pour sa valeur paradigme, nous aide à comprendre le laborieux passage entre conjugal et parental. Nous verrons notamment comment un climat d’incestualité dans la famille ancienne va conduire à un rejet de la maternité. La thérapie de couple dès le désir d’enfant, puis la thérapie familiale au temps de la grossesse aident à comprendre les craintes ou les effrois ressentis à l’idée de devenir parent. L’analyse des mouvements transférentiels et contretransférentiels soutient ce travail et permet de penser les organisations défensives mobilisées face aux traumatismes mis sous silence par les familles d’origine.
Devenir parents avec une IAD
Authors: Durif-Varembont Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2021

Des couples ne peuvent pas avoir d’enfant à cause de la stérilité de l’homme. Dès lors, comment se négocie leur choix de recourir à une pma plutôt qu’à l’adoption ? Y a-t-il des modalités particulières du passage du conjugal au parental lorsqu’un couple recourt à l’insémination artificielle avec donneur ? Comment se construit précocement le lien à l’enfant à venir aussi bien pour le père que pour la mère ? Ces questions font l’objet du présent article à partir de données cliniques tirées d’une recherche menée par une équipe de psychologues et de médecins dans un cecos pendant deux ans. L’analyse des entretiens menés avec chaque membre de 24 couples hétérosexuels en attente d’ iad nous permet de montrer comment se nouent spécifiquement pour ces hommes et ces femmes devenant parents avec l’ iad les composantes instituée, narcissique, biologique et narrative de la filiation.
Du Réel au nouage symptomatique ou comment aider un bébé à déplier son livre
Authors: Tenenbaum Joseph
Published: April 2021

« Un bébé dans le ventre de sa mère ressemble à un livre plié. » Cet article décrit le fonctionnement d’une unité de soins pour laquelle le patient est le bébé, celui dont les symptômes vont ordonner la clinique. À partir d’une approche psychanalytique lacanienne de la question du symptôme chez l’enfant et de vignettes cliniques, il met au travail l’hypothèse qui soutient ce choix singulier. À savoir : faire du bébé le sujet central du dispositif et orienter le désir soignant vers ses « dires », son corps, ses inventions symptomatiques a des effets thérapeutiques qui permettront au bébé de « déplier son livre » en bricolant de nouveaux nouages pulsionnels à partir de la rencontre avec le corps du soignant.
La conjugalité à l’épreuve de l’adolescence
Authors: Robert Philippe
Published: April 2021

Les travaux sur la parentalité se sont beaucoup intéressés à la mère, ensuite au père et au couple parental. La question de la conjugalité et de ses impacts sur les enfants est venue plus tardivement à propos du bébé puis à propos de l’adolescent. La problématique adolescente réactive non seulement les conflits de dépendance, mais aussi les questions autour de la sexualité génitale. Tant pour le couple que pour l’adolescent, nous n’avons pas affaire à de simples répétitions de la sexualité infantile, mais également à l’impact de la façon dont elle se vit avec ses parts d’inconnu. Le bébé tout comme l’adolescent peuvent apparaître comme des étrangers aux yeux de leurs parents. Cet article tente de montrer les parallèles et les imbrications entre processus d’adolescence et processus de conjugalité.
Migration familiale forcée et travail de somatisation en situation de longue attente : une étude clinique
Authors: Onguéné Ndongo Théodore , Derivois Daniel
Published: April 2021

La migration familiale forcée est un parcours émaillé de moments d’attente plus ou moins longs. Dans cette attente, il arrive que le corps engage un travail de somatisation permettant au sujet migrant de passer de la survie à la reprise en main progressive de sa subjectivité. À partir du suivi d’une jeune femme ayant été contrainte de migrer de l’Afrique du Nord à la France dans un contexte de violence politique et présentant des manifestations somatiques, la réflexion porte sur la manière dont le corps vient signifier cette exigence de travail et sur la manière dont les premiers affects bruts permettent d’entendre la mise en mouvement des processus de pré-élaboration de la souffrance psychique et du trauma.
Dolto : une femme, un regard, un engagement
Authors: Jousselme Catherine
Published: April 2021

L’auteur tente, à partir de son expérience clinique d’analyste en pédiatrie, de montrer combien la pensée de Françoise Dolto est actuelle. En reprenant son histoire personnelle et en l’articulant à l’époque de ses écrits, elle examine ses apports qui ont véritablement révolutionné les pratiques, en tant qu’analyste, en général, en tant qu’analyste d’enfant, puis dans son travail d’analyste en pédiatrie, et enfin dans le domaine de la prévention des difficultés développementales de l’enfant.
Et demain…
Authors: Vanier Alain
Published: April 2021

La relative négligence qui affecte aujourd’hui l’œuvre de Françoise Dolto contraste avec l’engouement, qui n’allait pas sans malentendu, d’il y a une cinquantaine d’année. Ne conviendrait-il pas maintenant de faire retour à ses travaux pour leur donner la place qui leur revient dans ce que la psychanalyse a pu apporter d’incomparable dans la clinique de l’enfant ?
Fragilités et modifications du rapport à l’autre à l’épreuve du confinement
Authors: Jankowiak Olivier
Published: April 2021

La pandémie de COVID-19 et le confinement généralisé de mars 2020 ont bouleversé notre quotidien et notre rapport à l’autre, les communications virtuelles devenant un lien privilégié avec l’extérieur. Psychologue clinicien, je prends ici l’exemple de deux patients que cette situation inédite a profondément fragilisé, démontrant que ce lien virtuel à l’autre n’a pas la même consistance qu’une rencontre réelle.
Mock Oral Board Examination in Nurse Anesthesia Education
Authors: Swerdlow Barry N. , Osborne-Smith Lisa , Hatfield Lisa J. , Korin Tatum L. , Jacobs Sarah K.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Despite its widespread use in anesthesia residency training, mock oral board examinations (MOBEs) are not included in the pedagogy of most nurse anesthesia programs (NAPs). A small-scale study was conducted to assess the use of MOBEs in this setting.

Method:

The investigational cohort consisted of 10 second-year students in a master's program in nurse anesthesia. MOBEs were scored according to a common rubric, and final scores were reconciled by raters. Responses from pretest and posttest questionnaires, as well as scoring data, were analyzed.

Results:

MOBEs were administered in a problem-free manner to nurse anesthesia students and was perceived by these students as a valuable addition to their curriculum. There was pass–fail agreement among the raters related to clinical analysis, fund of knowledge, and communication skills, and the scoring was characterized by elements of internal consistency.

Conclusion:

MOBEs are feasible in an NAP, and well accepted by students. MOBEs have significant evaluative potential in this setting.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(4):229–234.]
Developing of a Learning Media for Smartphones for Disaster Mitigation Education
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Neni , Ruja I Nyoman , Yahya M Haris , Wijaya Daya Negri , Ibrahim Mohd Hairy
Published: April 2021

Disaster preparedness is an absolute prerequisite for the devel-opment of disaster risk reduction. This means that there is no awareness of danger disaster, then the high possibility of both physical and material losses is an inevitable matter. It is a must for humans to be sensitive and care for various possible disasters that can occur in the vicinity stay. Education on disaster mitigation needs to be introduced to the community. This is im-portant to create residents who are responsive and ready for disaster. This paper aims to develop learning media supported by the use of smartphones to increase literacy about volcanic eruption disaster mitigation. This study using research and development with the 4D model. The results of this de-velopment are mobile encyclopedia packaged in a smartphone application as a media for volcanic eruption disaster mitigation education. Media and mate-rial validation show that the product being developed is very good and worth testing. Besides, the results of media validation by indicator: attracting at-tention, interactivity, presentation of learning material, feedback, quality of learning, training showed benefits and students were enthusiastic in learning using this media. This product can be an alternative media for the 21st-century that applies mobile in the learning process
Educational Transformation: An Evaluation of Online Learning Due To COVID-19
Authors: Firmansyah Rizky , Putri Dhika Maha , Wicaksono Mochammad Galih Satriyo , Putri Sheila Febriani , Widianto Ahmad Arif , Palil Mohd Rizal
Published: April 2021

This study aims to reveal the transformation of offline learn-ing to online learning due to Covid-19 in student perceptions. The massive impact on the education sector requires the provision of education to adapt to situations and conditions. This research was conducted at one of the state universities in Indonesia, with the selection of informants based on the rep-resentation of each department at the university. The method in this re-search uses a narrative approach. The data were collected through interviews that were set up online. The research data was processed based on the results of studies and focus group discussions (FGD) related to the implementation of online learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The results showed that the implementation of learning was welcomed by the students, in their per-ception that online learning was considered to be more flexible, efficient and effective in the use of time as well as in terms of costs and energy. It cannot be denied that the implementation of online learning still encounters various obstacles and challenges, including: interaction is not optimal, schedule and lecture estimates change, inadequate facilities, and the use of learning media is not optimal.
Effect of Mobile-Augmented Reality (MAR) in Digital Encyclopedia on The Complex Problem Solving and Attitudes of Undergraduate Student
Authors: Putra Alfyananda Kurnia , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Sahrina Alfi , Fajrilia Azni , Islam Muhammad Naufal , Yembuu Batchuluun
Published: April 2021

The study aimed to determine the effect of mobile aug-mented reality in the digital encyclopedia on complex problem-solving ability and responsible decision making attitude of first-year students. The research was a quasi-experiment (quantitative research) with pre-test and posttest methods. The population was first-year students of 2019/2020 in the Geography Education program, Faculty of Social Sci-ences, State University of Malang. The experimental group was from the PGEO6006-L class, and the control group was from the PGEO6006-A class, totaled 73 participants. Data were collected using a qualitative method using interviews and a quantitative method using a questionnaire for 4 weeks. The data analysis used an independent t-test to determine the effect of mobile augmented reality on students' complex problem-solving ability and responsible decision making atti-tude in Cosmography class. The results indicated that mobile augment-ed reality in the digital encyclopedia has a significant effect on stu-dents' complex problem-solving ability and responsible decision mak-ing attitude.
Teachers Technological Capability as Digital Immigrants in Learning from Home Activities
Authors: Anzari Prawinda Putri , Al Shiddiq Imamul Huda , Pratiwi Seli Septiana , Fatanti Megasari Noer , Silvallana Daniel Fritz
Published: April 2021

This article aims at the ability of teachers who are digital immigrants to use digital technology during their learning at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was quantitative research in the form of descriptive statistics using survey methods in data collection. The survey was given to 139 high school teachers who live in Java. The validity of the research instrument was tested by using the product-moment correlation test. While the reliability of the research instrument was tested utilizing the Cronbach Alpha reliability test, the result of this study is that high school teachers have a high level of use of digital technology. Besides, it was also found that age affects the ability to use technology. The higher the teacher's age, the lower their ability to use digital technology. Meanwhile, the lower the age, the higher the individual can use digital technology. When teachers have a high level of use of digital technology, it is hoped that learning activities at home can run optimally. Apart from the level of the teacher's technology skills, of course, other aspects make learning activities at home optimal. These other aspects also need to be develop.
Design of an Information Management System for the Case Library of Business Management Courses
Authors: Liang Yi , Lou Bingna
Published: April 2021

The business management models are updated constantly, making it urgent to reform the teaching methods of business management courses (BMCs). Case-based teaching (CBT) is an important way to integrate the teaching and practice of business management. The construction and management of CBT resources has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. This paper designed an information management system for the BMC case library. Firstly, the goals and content were summarized for the construction of the case library and the information management system. Next, the authors designed the BMC case library forms, as well as the function modules of the information management system. There are three core functions in the system: retrieval, cluster analysis, and course case allocation. At last, experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed case clustering algorithm and the good test performance of the established system.
Application of an Artificial Neural Network to Evaluate the Integration Effect of Quality Education and Skill Education
Authors: Bai Cai , Huang Wei
Published: April 2021

Quality education is the basis, driver, and inspirer of skill education. These two education models can complement and interact with each other. However, few scholars have discussed the current state and future trend of the integration between the two models, not to mention quantifying the integration effect. This paper applied the artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate the integration effect of quality education and skill education, owing to the advantages of the ANN in processing nonlinear information adaptively. First, the subjects and motivation mechanismss of the integration between the two models were analyzed. Then, an evaluation index system was established for the integration effect. After that, an ANN model was created for the compatibility of evaluation indexes and used to predict the integration effect. Experimental results verified the reasonability of the proposed evaluation index system, and the effectiveness of the proposed model. Finally, the current state of the integration was analyzed based on the prediction results.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL REACTION AND THERMAL RADIATION ON AXISYMMETRIC MHD FLOW OF JEFFREY NANOFLUID THROUGH A CILIATED CHANNEL FILLED WITH POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: Shaheen Sidra , Maqbool Khadija , Gul Farah , Sohail Ayesha
Published: April 2021

To prevent the respiratory diseases in an air ways, a defense mechanism based on mucus transport by the moving cilia plays an important role. The mucus transport is affected by the thermal radiation, chemical reaction that changes the physics of fluid due to nanoparticles and thickness of mucus, also different problems in respiratory tract may occur due to the mucus efficacy. In this study, it is observed that the mucus transport can be controlled by the magnetic field that is produced by the drug delivery of nanoparticles, thermal radiation due to temperature difference, porous medium due to respiratory infection, and diffusion of the nanoparticles (chemical reaction) due to the magnetic drug delivery. In this model, flow of Jeffrey nanofluid through the ciliated tube resembles with the mucus flow in a wind pipe. The movement of the mucus is observed by the momentum, energy and concentration equation in the presence of body forces due to magnetic field, heat source due to radiation, Darcy’s resistance due to infection and chemical reaction due to the concentration of nanoparticles. Mathematical model of this study forms a complex system of partial differential equations under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. The nonlinear set of partial differential equations is solved by the Homotopy perturbation method and software “Mathematica,” results are found for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and concluded that the mucus flow decelerates due to magnetic field produced by the drug delivery of the nanoparticles but accelerates due to the viscoelastic parameter of Jeffrey fluid and Darcy’s resistance parameter due to infection. The heat transfer rate in the mucus flow rises by increasing the random motion and reduces by the radiation and energy loss. The diffusion of the nanoparticles in the mucus rises by the growing values of thermophoresis and chemical reaction parameter and reduces by the growing values of viscoelastic and Brownian motion parameter.
Is the World Flat or Not (Yet)?
Authors: Simoes Nadia , Palan Nicole , Crespo Nuno
Published: April 2021

This chapter adds to the understanding of trade globalization by accounting for the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the phenomenon at hand. This approach captures different aspects of the phenomenon, such as the interconnectedness of countries, geographical distance, and sectoral trade relationships over a period of 50 years. Thereby, both the commonalities and differences in the long-term trends for the individual dimensions of trade globalization are highlighted. Results indicate that regarding the number of positive bilateral trade flows, globalization was almost completed by 2016. Also, distance diminished significantly in importance for trade relationships. Yet, data shows that the degree of globalization was significantly different for high-tech sectors compared to low-tech sectors even though the latter could catch up over time. During recent years, protectionism tendencies have led to the discussion about a new age of slowbalization to be on the way while digitalization processes can integrate countries even further into global production and trade networks.
Delivery sheath tip invagination – An unusual cause of failure to retrieve duct occluder
Authors: Gupta Anunay , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Kothari Shyam S
Published: April 2021

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus is the standard of care. Retrieval of a duct occluder device is generally easy until it is detached from the delivery cable. We report two instances of failed retrieval of the device due to sheath tip invagination. The report highlights the importance of prompt identification of the mechanism of unforeseen complications in managing them effectively.
Left ventricular restrictive physiology in kids with atrial septal defects
Authors: Faccini Alessia , Casenghi Matteo , Carminati Mario , Butera Gianfranco
Published: April 2021

Atrial septal defect (ASD) associated with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) is rare in children. DD is common in elderly patients undergoing ASD closure. Restrictive physiology among children undergoing percutaneous ASD closure is something unexpected that has not been described before in the literature. Hence, we report a child referred to our center for ASD closure in whom an LV DD has been unmasked with a balloon occlusion test and has been managed with pharmacological preconditioning and subsequent ASD closure with good outcome. Albeit rare, LV DD can occur in children undergoing ASD closure.
Unexpected late-onset aortic valvulitis and moderate regurgitation during longitudinal evaluation of atypical infantile Kawasaki disease
Authors: Chaudhuri Maitri , Jose Justin , Shenoi Arvind , Tomar Munesh
Published: April 2021

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common pediatric vasculitis with coronary involvement feared as the most serious complication. The reported case describes a child presenting initially with atypical KD and coronary artery aneurysms. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin. In spite of adequate compliance and no clinical recurrence, serial echocardiography revealed nonregression of aneurysm and new-onset moderate aortic regurgitation (AR) in the subacute phase produced by prolapse of noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve. AR without aortic root dilatation from persistent inflammation of the valve leaflets in KD is a rare phenomenon. This case demonstrates unusual cardiac manifestations of KD and reoriented our protocol for long-term surveillance in infantile KD.
A comprehensive study of congenital unilateral absence of branch pulmonary artery associated with other congenital heart defects and ipsilateral non-unifocalizable major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries
Authors: Ramamurthy Harpanahalli Ravi , Walavalkar Varsha , Siddaiah Satheesh , Maheshwari Sunita
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Congenital unilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly with the complete absence of intrapericardial segment of one of the branch pulmonary arteries. Sixty percent are associated with other congenital heart defects (CHD) that often need correction.

Aim:

To analyze the data of patients with UAPA and ipsilateral non-unifocalizable major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) associated with other CHD to identify the commonly associated CHD, their management strategies and outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective data of patients admitted for congenital UAPA with other CHD was compiled from hospital records from 2002 to 2015. The associated CHD were categorized as group I with the decreased pulmonary flow and group II with increased pulmonary flow to the unaffected contralateral pulmonary artery. The determinants of their management were analyzed.

Results:

Sixty-five patients of UAPA and ipsilateral non-unifocalizable MAPCAs associated with other CHD were identified. Group I had 41 patients and Group II had 24. The most common CHD associated with UAPA was tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in 31 patients (47.7%). Fifty-three patients underwent surgery, 48 (73.8%) underwent single lung corrective surgery, 5 (7.6%) palliative surgery and 12 (18.4) received no surgery. Four operated patients died in the immediate postoperative period. The lowest Mc Goon ratio and Nakata index to undergo corrective surgery were 1.0 and 87.4 mm2/m2. A follow-up of 21 patients was done, among which 11 patients who underwent single-stage corrective surgery, all are in NYHA class II and saturating above 95%.

Conclusions:

Congenital UAPA is a rare anomaly and associated with a variety of CHDs, TOF being the most common. Single lung corrective surgery in patients with ipsilateral non-unifocalizable MAPCAs has good immediate and long term survival.
Method for safe Verres needle entry at the umbilicus, with modification for first trocar entry to reduce the complication rate of first entry
Authors: Udwadia Tehemton Erach
Published: April 2021

Background:

Initial intraperitoneal access and first trocar entry are responsible for nearly half of all complications of laparoscopic surgery. The purpose of this article is to detail our method of initial intraperitoneal access with Veress needle and first trocar at the umbilicus used over the past 28 years.

Patients and Methods:

Since 1990, a single surgeon performed laparoscopic surgery in 7600 patients. From 1992 onward, 6975 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. On assessment, 739 cases (10.6%) were found unsuitable for Veress needle entry at the umbilicus. The remaining, 6236, patients form the study group for this article. Every patient was operated in the identical, repetitive manner. Every detail was considered important. The method of the first trocar entry is modified to minimise complications of this manoeuvre.

Results:

The average time from cleaning umbilicus again to Veress needle tip in peritoneum was 1 min 40 s (25 s–7 min). Out of the 4228 patients in whom no adhesions were observed at first trocar entry (Group 1), the Veress needle insertion was successful at first attempt in 3829 (90.5%) patients, at second attempt in 322 (7.6%) and at third attempt in 30 (0.7%). In the 2008 patients with significant adhesions observed after first trocar entry (Group 2), successful insertion of the Veress needle was achieved at first attempt in 1700 (84.6%) patients, at second attempt in 182 (9%) and at third attempt in 19 (0.9%). In this group, there was one bowel injury (0.05%) and 3 (0.15%) minor vascular injuries. There was no mortality in either group. In the overall series, the Veress needle was successfully introduced in 6082 of the 6236 patients (97.5%) and 154 patients (2.4%) failed Veress needle entry. The incidence of bowel injury in the series was 0.016% and that of minor vascular injuries was 0.048%.

Conclusions:

Initial intraperitoneal access must be performed with utmost caution after adequate training and proctorship. This paper stresses with meticulous attention to every detail, this safe, method of initial intraperitoneal access leads to low complication rates.
Validation of the Korean Version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 Profile V2.1 among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kang Danbee , Kim Youngha , Lim Jihyun , Yoon Junghee , Kim Sooyeon , Kang Eunjee , Nam Heesu , Shim Sungkeun , Lee Mangyeong , Bok Haesook , Lee Sang-Won , Shin Soo-Yong , Ahn Jin Seok , Oh Dongryul , Cho Juhee
Published: April 2021

Purpose The purpose of the study was to validate the Korean version of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 Profile v2.1 (K-PROMIS-29 V2.1) among cancer survivors.Materials and Methods Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of the Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, from September to October 2018. Participants completed a survey questionnaire that included the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Pearson’s correlations were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1.Results The mean age of the study participants was 54.4 years, the mean time since diagnosis was 1.2 (±2.4) years, and 349 (87.3%) completed the entire questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the seven domains in the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 ranged from 0.81 to 0.96, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. In the CFA, the goodness-of-fit indices for the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 were high (comparative fit index, 0.91 and standardized root-mean-squared residual, 0.06). High to moderate correlations were found between comparable subscales of the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 and subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (r=0.52-0.73).Conclusion The K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the health-related quality of life domains in a cancer population, thus supporting their use in studies and oncology trials.
Zur Datierung der (bairisch-)alt- und mittelhochdeutschen Lehnwörter im Slowenischen: relative und absolute Chronologie
Authors: Šekli Matej
Published: April 2021

Aufgrund der relativen und absoluten Chronologie der Lautveränderungen sowohl im bair. Alt- und Mittelhochdeutschen als auch im Urslawischen, Alpenslawischen und Frühslowenischen kann man für die (bair.-)ahd. und (bair.-)mhd. Lehnwörter im (dialektalen und Schrift-)Slowenischen, die die deutschen oder slawischen diagnostischen phonetischen Eigenschaften aufweisen, eine ziemlich präzise relative und absolute Chronologie der Entlehnungszeit festlegen. Für die Bestimmung der präziseren Entlehnungszeit der (bair.-)ahd. Lehnwörter im Slowenischen sind einige (bair.-)ahd. Lautveränderungen um ca. 750, 770 und 1050 wie auch einige späturslawische Lautveränderungen um ca. 800 von großer Bedeutung. Für die Bestimmung des genaueren Zeitpunktes der Entlehnung von (bair.-)mhd. Lehnwörtern im Slowenischen sind einige (bair.-)mhd. Lautveränderungen um ca. 1050, 1100, 1200 und 1250 bedeutsam.
Die vergessene Minderheit: zur Geschichte der Deutschen in Maribor
Authors: Jenuš Gregor
Published: April 2021

Im 20. Jahrhundert erlebte Maribor (Marburg an der Drau) zahlreiche Veränderungen seines öffentlichen Erscheinungsbildes. Dies gilt vor allem für die erste Hälfte des Jahrhunderts, als der Machtkampf zwischen der Deutschen und Slowenen im öffentlichen Leben und der damit verbundene Konflikt zwischen der deutschen und slowenischen Identität noch stark präsent waren.

Nachdem die Deutschen die Pariser Friedensverträge unterzeichneten, wurden sie zur Minderheit und verloren somit alle Privilegien der regierenden Nation in Slowenien. Trotz allem ermöglichten ihnen ihr Kapital und die Tatsache, dass sie die zahlreichste Minderheit waren, das „Überleben“. Ihre Hoffnungen, wieder an die Macht zu kommen, erfüllten sich Anfang des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Maribor/Marburg bzw. im weitesten Sinne Jugoslawien betrachteten bis 1941 stumm die Kämpfe zwischen den Weltmächten, die in ihrer Übermacht und Zielstrebigkeit über den hilflosen Nationen herfielen. Jugoslawien war unter großem Druck, denn es war ein strategisch wichtiger Punkt auf dem Balkan. Am Anfang schaffte Jugoslawien es, neutral zu bleiben. Die Realität änderte sich aber schnell, denn am 25. März 1941 trat das Königreich Jugoslawien in Wien dem Dreimächtepakt bei. Das Königreich Jugoslawien beugte sich so dem Druck der Achsenmächte und versuchte, mit dem Beitritt zum Pakt die Okkupation zu vermeiden. Die Unterzeichnung des Dreimächtepakts löste in Jugoslawien unterschiedliche Reaktionen aus. Trotz des Beitritts zum Pakt geschah alles anders, wie die Landesregierung es erwartete. Breite Massen der Bevölkerung waren nicht begeistert, dass Jugoslawien vor den Nazis niederkniete, und dies stiftete Unruhen. In der Nacht vom 26. auf den 27. März 1941 kam es zum Staatsstreich und der achtzehnjährige Thronfolger, Peter Karađorđević, kam an die Spitze des Landes. Schon am 27. März 1941, nur zwei Tage nach der Unterzeichnung des Dreimächtepakts und nach den Unruhen, setzten die Nazis Dr. Siegrid Uiberreither, den Gauleiter der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) und den Staatsvertreter für die Steiermark als den zukünftigen Leiter der Zivilbehörde für die Untersteiermark ein. Er übernahm die Herrschaft über die Untersteiermark, die ihren Sitz in Maribor/Marburg hatte, am Ostermontag, d. h. am 14. April 1941. Nur eine Woche früher, am Palmsonntag, am 6. April 1941, begann ohne Kriegserklärung der Angriff auf Jugoslawien, der für immer das Erscheinungsbild Maribors/Marburgs änderte und das Schicksal der hier lebenden Deutschen besiegelte. Ihr Schicksal in Slowenien lässt sich am besten mit dem Zitat von Boris Kidrič vom Dezember 1945 beschreiben: „Die deutsche Minderheit bei uns wird keine Rechte haben, weil es sie nicht geben wird.“
Haemoglobin phenotypes and the risk of asymptomatic malaria parasitemia among blood donors in northwest Nigeria: clinical implications in the practice of tropical transfusion medicine
Authors: Kani K.M. , Ibrahim Z. , Habeeb A. , Ibrahim U.A. , Ahmed S.G.
Published: April 2021

Background: In malaria-endemic populations, sickle cell trait (SCT) protects against both severe and non-severe malaria, but inconsistencies exist about protective effect of SCT on asymptomatic malarial parasitemia (AMP). Surprisingly, the effect of Hb-phenotypes on AMP has not been explored among blood donors in Nigeria or other malaria-endemic countries, where risks of AMP and transfusion transmitted malaria (TTM) are high. The objective of this study is to determine risk of AMP with respect to donor Hb-phenotypes (SCT versus HbAA), and elucidate clinical implications of AMP with respect to risk of TTM vis-à-vis the practice of transfusion medicine in Nigeria, and by implication other malaria-endemic tropical countries.Methodology: Analysis of 100 blood donors with AMP (cases) and 100 donors without AMP (controls) was performed. Frequencies of SCT and HbAA (determined by Hb electrophoresis) among cases and controls were compared by X2 -test. Risks of AMP (detected by microscopy) with respect to Hb-phenotypes were expressed as Odds ratios (OR) by case-control logistic regression.Results: In comparison with blood donor without AMP (controls), donors with AMP had lower frequencies of SCT (12% vs 28%, p<0.05) with corresponding higher frequencies of HbAA (88% vs 72%, p<0.05). HbAA is associated with high risk of AMP (OR=2.91, 95%CI: 2.10-3.48, p=0.021), while SCT is associated low risk of AMP (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.27-0.73, p=0.032).Conclusion: This finding shows that donor SCT is a surreptitious mitigator of the risk of AMP and TTM in the tropics. Therefore, patients who are selectively transfused with HbAA blood (e. g. neonates and sickle cell disease patients) could be at greater risks of TTM, and such patients need closer post transfusion monitoring. The risk of TTM calls for diligent post transfusion haemovigilance in Nigeria and other malaria endemic tropical countries in Africa

Keywords: blood donors, sickle cell trait, asymptomatic malaria parasitemia, transfusion transmitted malaria
Antibiogram of Pseudomonas species: an important tool to combat antibiotic resistance for patient safety in Gombe, Nigeria
Authors: Manga M.M. , Ibrahim M. , Isaac E.W. , Hassan M.D. , Muhammad G. , Hassan U.M. , Yunusa-Kaltungo Z.
Published: April 2021

Background: Pseudomonas species are responsible for different healthcare-associated infections and are inherently resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Hospital antibiograms are either absent or not regularly available in most healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to present the antibiogram of Pseudomonas isolates in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG) in order to guide antibiotic prescription for better patient safety in the hospital.Methodology: The is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. A total of 4309 bacterial isolates were recovered from aerobic cultures of routine clinical specimens including urine, sputum, blood, swabs, aspirates, biopsies, seminal fluids and cerebrospinal fluids at the Medical Microbiology laboratory of the hospital between January and December 2019. Pseudomonas species were identified by colony morphology, Gram-reaction and conventional biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on each Pseudomonas isolate using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and results interpreted according to the guideline of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSSTM) software version 23.0.Results: Of the total 4309 bacterial isolates, 436 (10.1%) Pseudomonas species were identified, with majority (49.8%) from urine specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility test results revealed average susceptibility rates of 73.8%, 70.1%, 66.2%, 59.5%, and 34.3% to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin ceftazidime, and carbenicillin respectively. These rates fluctuate only slightly for each of the antibiotic during the 12 months period of survey.Conclusion: Pseudomonas species were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin among the first line antibiotics in FTHG in 2019. Regular updates and presentation of hospital antibiogram especially for intrinsically resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas involved in healthcare associated infections, is an important tool in combating antimicrobial resistance and ensuring patient safety.

Keywords: antibiogram, Pseudomonas, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, patient safety