bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of mental health and well-being for Mexican female partners of migrants
Authors: Sotomayor-Peterson Marcela , Lucero-Liu Ana A.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the associations between familism, frequency of physical contact, and marital satisfaction with mental health and well-being in a sample of 58 female marital partners of migrants who stayed in Mexico when their spouses migrated to the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 58 women were recruited through word of mouth in Sonora, Mexico. All women had their partner (the father of her children) living in the USA. Survey was administered face-to-face in participants’ homes.

Findings

Hierarchical regression analysis found that higher marital satisfaction and frequency of physical contact predicts mental health and well-being. However, familism was not associated with mental health and well-being for female partners of migrants.

Originality/value

This work is unique in that the current sample of female partners of migrants originate from the Sonora border region and has greater physical contact with their partner than most studies on transnational families assume. Approximately 40 percent of participants residing in the Sonora border state meet with their partners at least once a month. Additionally, this work provides an intimate face to the understanding of the very specific processes distinctive of inhabitants of border regions that are part of international migration. In order to promote health equity, health providers (e.g. counselors) need evidence-based information to tailor services to the specific needs of underserved Mexican transnationals.
Low factual understanding and high anxiety about climate warming impedes university students to become sustainability stewards
Authors: Pfautsch Sebastian , Gray Tonia
Published: November 2017

Purpose

This study, from Western Sydney University, aims to assess the disposition of students towards climate warming (CW) – a key component of sustainability. CW is a global reality. Any human born after February 1985 has never lived in a world that was not constantly warming, yet little is known about how higher education students perceive their future in a warming world.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey, split into three parts, was used to deliver benchmark data on (I) personal information, (II) factual knowledge and (III) sentiments related to CW.

Findings

Gender and age of students significantly influenced their perception of CW. While self-rated understanding of CW was generally high, factual knowledge about CW was low. Few students recognized that CW was already under way, and that it was mainly caused by human activity. The most prominent emotions were fear, sadness and anger, foretelling widespread disempowerment and fear for the future.

Research limitations/implications

The study was based on a single dataset and survey response was relatively low. However, respondents mirrored the composition of the student community very well.

Originality/value

This is the first study revealing large psychological distance to the effects of CW in university students from Australia. Combined with the impression of despondence, the present study suggests that higher education in Australia, and possibly elsewhere, is not providing the prerequisite tools tomorrow’s leaders require for meeting societal, environmental and economic challenges caused by CW. Practical ways to erase these blind spots in sustainability literacy are provided, drawing upon established and novel concepts in higher education.
Curating the infosphere
Authors: Bawden David , Robinson Lyn
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the proposal that Luciano Floridi’s philosphy of information (PI) may be an appropriate conceptual foundation for the discipline of library and information science (LIS).

Design/methodology/approach

A selective literature review and analysis are carried out.

Findings

It is concluded that LIS is in need of a new conceptual framework, and that PI is appropriate for this purpose.

Originality/value

Floridi proposed a close relationship between PI and LIS more than a decade ago. Although various authors have addressed the aspects of this relationship since then, this is the first proposal from an LIS perspective that PI be adopted as a basis for LIS.
Characterization of Leptospira species isolated from soil collected in Japan
Authors: Masuzawa Toshiyuki , Sakakibara Keiko , Saito Mitsumasa , Hidaka Yusuke , Villanueva Sharon Y. A. M. , Yanagihara Yasutake , Yoshida Shin‐ichi
Published: November 2017

Leptospira were isolated from soil obtained from Hokkaido, the northernmost island, to Okinawa, the southernmost island, of Japan using sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amphotericin B, fosfomycin, and 5‐ fluorouracil. Fifty of 132 soil samples (37.9%) were culture‐positive. On the basis of 16S‐rDNA sequences, 12 of the isolated Leptospira were classified into a pathogenic species clade that is closely associated with L. alstonii and L. kmetyi. Nine isolates were classified as intermediate species and were found to be similar to L. licerasiae. Twenty‐seven isolates were classified as non‐pathogenic species, of which 23 were found to be related to L. wolbachii. Non‐pathogenic Leptospira are commonly distributed in environmental soil.
Why are tropical mountain passes “low” for some species? Genetic and stable‐isotope tests for differentiation, migration and expansion in elevational generalist songbirds
Authors: Gadek Chauncey R. , Newsome Seth D. , Beckman Elizabeth J. , Chavez Andrea N. , Galen Spencer C. , Bautista Emil , Witt Christopher C.
Published: November 2017

Most tropical bird species have narrow elevational ranges, likely reflecting climatic specialization. This is consistent with Janzen's Rule, the tendency for mountain passes to be effectively “higher” in the tropics. Hence, those few tropical species that occur across broad elevational gradients (elevational generalists) represent a contradiction to Janzen's Rule.

Here, we aim to address the following questions. Are elevational generalists being sundered by diversifying selection along the gradient? Does elevational movement cause these species to resist diversification or specialization? Have they recently expanded, suggesting that elevational generalism is short‐lived in geological time?

To answer these questions, we tested for differentiation, movement and expansion in four elevational generalist songbird species on the Andean west slope. We used morphology and mtDNA to test for genetic differentiation between high‐ and low‐elevation populations. To test for elevational movements, we measured hydrogen isotope (δ2H) values of metabolically inert feathers and metabolically active liver.

Morphology differed for House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) and Hooded Siskin (Spinus magellanicus), but not for Cinereous Conebill (Conirostrum cinereum) and Rufous‐collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) respectively. mtDNA was structured by elevation only in Z. capensis. δ2H data indicated elevational movements by two tree‐ and shrub‐foraging species with moderate‐to‐high vagility (C. cinereum and S. magellanicus), and sedentary behaviour by two terrestrial‐foraging species with low‐to‐moderate vagility (T. aedon and Z. capensis). In S. magellanicus, elevational movements and lack of mtDNA structure contrast with striking morphological divergence, suggesting strong diversifying selection on body proportions across the c. 50 km gradient. All species except C. cinereum exhibited mtDNA haplotype variation consistent with recent population expansion across the elevational gradient, potentially concurrent with Holocene anthropogenic habitat conversion for agriculture.

In different ways, each species defies the tendency for tropical birds to have long‐term stable distributions and sedentary habits. We conclude that tropical elevational generalism is rare due to evolutionary instability.
Rare events of massive plant reproductive investment lead to long‐term density‐dependent reproductive success
Authors: Żywiec Magdalena , Ledwoń Mateusz , Holeksa Jan , Seget Piotr , Łopata Barbara , Fedriani José Maria
Published: November 2017

The level of reproductive investment and density‐ and distance‐dependent (DDD) processes are major determinants of plant reproductive output. The reproductive investment of a plant population varies temporally, but whether and how DDD processes are affected by population‐level reproductive investment is a puzzle.

We used a spatially explicit approach in order to examineDDDeffects onSorbus aucupariacrop sizes for a continuous period of 16 years. Our special interest was to investigate whether and howDDDprocesses affect long‐term individual plant reproductive success (PRS) and whether such processes vary between years of relatively high and low population‐level reproductive investment, measured as fruit crop size.

Our study revealed thatDDDprocesses of fruit crop relate to population‐level reproductive investment. In most years, including all years with low and most years with moderate reproductive investment, no positive or negativeDDDwas found forPRS. However, significant negative density‐dependent effects were found during most years of high and some years of moderate reproductive investment. During these years, the individual reproductive success decreased with increasing density of conspecifics.

The overall accumulated long‐term negative density‐dependent pattern ofPRSwas determined by few sporadic years of high reproductive investment, rather than by the most frequent years of low or moderate reproductive investment, when theDDDeffects were usually weak.

Synthesis. Our study highlights the ecological relevance of relatively infrequent processes which affect plant reproductive success, stressing thus the importance of long‐term ecological research.
Political Donations in Australia: What the Australian Electoral Commission Disclosures Reveal and What They Don't
Authors: Edwards Lindy
Published: November 2017

The transparent disclosure of political donations is an important anti‐corruption measure. However Australia's current disclosure system has been too poor to sustain rigorous empirical analysis by either journalists or researchers. The barriers to analysis lie in the data collected and in how it is disclosed to the public. This article seeks to give an overview of the transparency problems in the disclosures. It then outlines what limited insights can be gleaned about the political donations landscape. It finds that donations are dominated by the federal election cycle, transparently declared donations make up a small and declining proportion of parties’ incomes at 12–15%, and the amount of money going entirely undisclosed is more than 50% and growing. It also finds indications of paying for access and donor strikes being used to punish government that require further research.
What are parental condition‐transfer effects and how can they be detected?
Authors: Bonduriansky Russell , Crean Angela J.
Published: November 2017

While it has been recognized for many years that parental condition can influence offspring performance, recent research on adaptive parental effects has focused primarily on anticipatory effects, whereby parents adjust the phenotype of their offspring for the anticipated environment. Here, we make the case that condition transfer is a widespread and important type of adaptive parental effect, and endeavour to clarify how such effects should be interpreted and studied.

Some authors have suggested that condition‐transfer effects result simply from resource limitation constraints (passive condition transfer, or transmissive effects). However, condition transfer can also reflect evolved parental investment strategies (active condition‐transfer effects). In some species, such strategies can involve cryptic mechanisms such as epigenetic inheritance.

As recently shown in this journal by Engqvist and Reinhold, condition‐transfer effects can be obscured by anticipatory effects and interactions between the effects of parental and offspring environments. Nonetheless, we argue that these complications can be largely overcome by examining a broad range of ecologically relevant environments in both parental and offspring generations. This can be accomplished by adapting a powerful methodology from the nutritional sciences—the geometric framework—to research on parental effects.
Origins of lead in populations of raptors
Authors: Katzner T. E. , Stuber M. J. , Slabe V. A. , Anderson J. T. , Cooper J. L. , Rhea L.L. , Millsap B. A.
Published: November 2017

Although poisoning from anthropogenically derived lead threatens wildlife of many species, routes of lead exposure are unclear and rarely empirically tested. We used blood lead concentration and isotope ratio (207Pb/206Pb) data from populations of four species of raptors from across North America to test hypotheses associated with lead exposure via inhalation versus ingestion. Mean variation in blood lead concentration among cohort siblings was non‐zero at nests of ferruginous hawks Buteo regalis and osprey Pandion haliaetus (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), indicating exposure via episodic ingestion. However, within‐nest variation in blood lead concentration was not significantly different from zero among cohort siblings at nests of bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus and golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos (P = 0.014 and P = 0.023), consistent with exposure via continuous inhalation. Isotope ratio data corroborated the lead concentration data and within‐nest average and variance of blood lead concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.70 to 0.94), indicating episodic ingestion. This study provides some of the first empirical population‐level data to evaluate mechanisms of lead exposure and demonstrates the importance of lead ingestion to avian predators and scavengers.
Attitudes of patients with metastatic cancer towards research biopsies
Authors: Robinson Danielle H. , Churilov Leonid , Lin Nancy U. , Lim Elgene , Seah Davinia
Published: November 2017

Aim

To evaluate the attitudes of patients with different cancers towards research biopsies outside a clinical trial.

Methods

Patients with metastatic cancer completed a questionnaire that assessed patients’ willingness to consider research biopsies. Research biopsies were divided into two groups: biopsies performed as stand‐alone procedures (research purposes only biopsy, RPOB) or performed during a clinically indicated biopsy (additional pass biopsy, APB). Factors analyzed included biopsy timing, biopsy site, sociodemographic information and information about prior trial participation. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted using random‐effects logistic regression.

Results

One hundred and sixty‐five patients with cancer (40 melanoma, 37 colorectal, 32 breast, 30 lung, 26 prostate) completed the questionnaire. Patients with melanoma demonstrated the greatest willingness to consider a research biopsy compared to patients with other cancer types (P < 0.05). Patients’ ethnicity, time since previous biopsies, time since metastatic diagnosis, and previous trial enrolment were all statistically significant for willingness to consider a research biopsy on univariate analysis. When adjusting for statistically significant variables on univariate analysis, the odds of patients considering APBs were 14.6 times greater than RPOBs (P < 0.0001). Patients were also more willing to consider having blood or skin taken for research purposes (P < 0.0001) compared to liver and bone biopsies.

Conclusions

Patients with cancer show a greater willingness to consider APBs compared to RPOBs, and biopsies performed at less invasive body sites. There are differences in the attitudes of patients with different cancers towards research biopsies. Further research addressing motivations and barriers to research biopsies should be considered to increase the availability of this important resource.
Service‐learning partnerships: Features that promote transformational and sustainable rural and remote health partnerships and services
Authors: Jones Debra , McAllister Lindy , Dyson Robert , Lyle David
Published: November 2017

Objective

To describe features that promote transformational and sustainable community engaged health partnerships and services in rural and remote Australian locations.

Design

A pragmatic qualitative study using focus groups and individual semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using four stages of data comparison.

Setting

Far west New South Wales, Australia. The health partnership, initiated by primary school principals in 2008, aimed to address allied health service inequities experienced by regional children. A service‐learning program was developed, aligning allied health student placements to student‐led services. The program has been operational since 2009.

Participants

Community participants included school principals (n = 7) and senior managers (n = 2) from local facilitating agencies. Campus participants included allied health students (n = 10) and academics (n = 2), one rurally located with student supervision responsibility and one metropolitan located with a strategic partnership role.

Measures

All data were collected by an independent researcher. Four stages of data comparison were undertaken. A thematic analysis was conducted and six key features identified through Stage Four comparison, a comparison across the findings from discrete community and campus groups, reflecting transformational community engagement were identified.

Results

These six features are: (i) identifying and responding to community need, (ii) providing services of value, (iii) community leadership and innovation, (iv) reputation and trust, (v) consistency, and (vi) knowledge sharing and program adaptation.

Conclusion

We propose that these features contributed to the transformational engagement of community and university participants. These features can inform health sector approaches to community engagement, enhancing rural and remote service accessibility, acceptability, and sustainability outcomes.
Economic evidence for nonpharmacological asthma management interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Crossman‐Barnes C‐J. , Peel A. , Fong‐Soe‐Khioe R. , Sach T. , Wilson A. , Barton G.
Published: November 2017

Asthma management, education and environmental interventions have been reported as cost‐effective in a previous review (Pharm Pract (Granada), 2014;12:493), but methods used to estimate costs and outcomes were not discussed in detail. This review updates the previous review by providing economic evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of studies identified after 2012, and a detailed assessment of the methods used in all identified studies. Twelve databases were searched from 1990 to January 2016, and studies included economic evaluations, asthma subjects and nonpharmacological interventions written in English. Sixty‐four studies were included. Of these, 15 were found in addition to the earlier review; 53% were rated fair in quality and 47% high. Education and self‐management interventions were the most cost‐effective, in line with the earlier review. Self‐reporting was the most common method used to gather resource‐use data, accompanied by bottom‐up approaches to estimate costs. Main outcome measures were asthma‐related hospitalizations (69%), quality of life (41%) and utility (38%), with AQLQ and the EQ‐5D being the most common questionnaires measured prospectively at fixed time points. More rigorous costing methods are needed with a more common quality of life tool to aid greater replicability and comparability amongst asthma studies.
Habitat attribute similarities reduce impacts of land‐use conversion on seed removal
Authors: Rabello Ananza M. , Parr Catherine L. , Queiroz Antônio C. M. , Braga Danielle L. , Santiago Graziele S. , Ribas Carla R.
Published: November 2017

Changes in land use strongly influence habitat attributes (e.g., herbaceous ground cover and tree richness) and can consequently affect ecological functions. Most studies have focused on the response of these ecological functions to land‐use changes within only a single vegetation type. These studies have often focused solely on agricultural conversion of forests, making it nearly impossible to draw general conclusions across other vegetation types or with other land‐use changes (e.g., afforestation). We examined the consequences of agricultural conversion for seed removal by ants in native grassland, savanna, and savanna‐forest habitats that had been transformed to planted pastures (Brachiaria decumbens) and tree plantations (Eucalyptus spp.) and explored if changes in seed removal were correlated with differences in habitat attributes between habitat types. We found that land‐use changes affected seed removal across the tree cover gradient and that the magnitude of impact was influenced by similarity in habitat attributes between native and converted habitats, being greater where there was afforestation (Eucalyptus spp in grassland and savanna). Herbaceous ground cover, soil hardness, and tree richness were the most important habitat attributes that correlated with differences in seed removal. Our results reveal that the magnitude of impact of land‐use changes on seed removal varies depending on native vegetation type and is associated with the type of habitat attribute change. Our findings have implications for biodiversity in tropical grassy systems: afforestation can have a greater detrimental impact on ecological function than tree loss.
Epidemiology of Huntington disease in Cyprus: A 20‐year retrospective study
Authors: Demetriou C.A. , Heraclides A. , Salafori C. , Tanteles G.A. , Christodoulou K. , Christou Y. , Zamba‐Papanicolaou E.
Published: November 2017

Huntington disease (HD) is most prevalent among populations of western European descent and isolated populations where founder effects may operate. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of HD in Cyprus, an island in southern Europe with extensive western European colonization in the past. All registered HD patients in the Cyprus, since 1994, were included. Detailed pedigrees and clinical information were recorded and maps, showing the geographic distribution of HD, were constructed. Requests for genetic testing were also examined. The project identified 58 clinically manifested cases of HD belonging to 19 families. The 16 families of Cypriot origin were concentrated in a confined geographical cluster in southeast Cyprus. In 2015, prevalence of symptomatic HD was 4.64/100 000 population, while incidence was 0.12/100 000 person‐years. Prevalence displayed a marked increase during the past 20 years. Disease characteristics of HD patients were similar to those reported in western European populations. Lastly, the uptake of predictive and/or prenatal testing was limited. HD disease characteristics, incidence and prevalence in Cyprus were comparable to western European populations. Together with the geographical clustering observed, these results support the possibility for a relatively recent founder effect of HD in Cyprus, potentially of western European origin.
Lnc‐NTF3‐5 promotes osteogenic differentiation of maxillary sinus membrane stem cells via sponging miR‐93‐3p
Authors: Peng Wei , Zhu Shuang‐Xi , Wang Jin , Chen Li‐Li , Weng Jun‐Quan , Chen Song‐Ling
Published: November 2017

Background

The function and the mechanism of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on the osteogenic differentiation of maxillary sinus membrane stem cells (MSMSCs) remain largely unknown.

Materials and Methods

The expression of lnc‐NTF3‐5 and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was examined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in MSMSCs during the process osteogenic differentiation. Then the function of lnc‐NTF3‐5 was evaluated by loss‐ and gain‐of‐function techniques, as well as qRT‐PCR, western blot, and Alizarin Red staining. In addition, the microRNAs (miRNAs) sponge potential of lnc‐NTF3‐5 was assessed through RNA immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter assay, and in vivo ectopic bone formation.

Results

Lnc‐NTF3‐5, RUNX2, OSX, and ALP increased alone with the differentiation. Inhibition of lnc‐NTF3‐5 decreased the expression of RUNX2, OSX, and ALP both at mRNA and protein levels. Alizarin red staining showed similar trend. In contrast, overexpression of lnc‐NTF3‐5 presented totally opposite effects. Besides, overexpression of lnc‐NTF3‐5 could decrease the expression of microRNA‐93‐3p (miR‐93‐3p). Enhance miR‐93‐3p could also inhibit the expression level of lnc‐NTF3‐5. RNA immunoprecipitation demonstrated that lnc‐NTF3‐5 is directly bound to miR‐93‐3p and dual luciferase reporter assay proved that miR‐93‐3p targets 3′ UTR of RUNX2 to regulate its expression. Ultimately, in vivo bone formation study showed that lnc‐NTF3‐5 and miR‐93‐3p inhibitor co‐transfection group displayed the strongest bone formation.

Conclusions

The novel pathway lnc‐NTF3‐5/miR‐93‐3p/RUNX2 could regulate osteogenic differentiation of MSMSCs and might serve as a therapeutic target for bone regeneration in the posterior maxilla.
Quality of life assessment in patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer – psychometric validation of the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire
Authors: Müller Karolina , Karrer Sigrid , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Steinbauer Julia , Kohl Elisabeth , Steinbauer Dominik , Zeman Florian , Berneburg Mark , Koller Michael
Published: November 2017

Background

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a chronic and sometimes difficult‐to‐treat condition affecting the quality of life (QL). The present study was conducted to investigate whether the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core QL Questionnaire – Cancer (QLQ‐C30) is a suitable tool for the assessment of QL in patients with NMSC.

Patients and methods

In order to define the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, the QLQ‐C30 and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were handed out to 172 patients of the Department of Dermatology at the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.

Results

Internal consistencies of all multi‐item scales (except one) were acceptable, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.71 to 0.93. The hypothesized scale structure was supported by item/scale and interscale correlations within the QLQ‐C30. Related scales of the QLQ‐C30 and the DLQI correlated significantly, thus establishing construct validity. At the same time, the proportion of substantial correlations (6 % ≥ 0.40) indicated that the two questionnaires assessed distinct components of QL. The QLQ‐C30 significantly differentiated between clinically distinct patient groups, indicating that severe clinical conditions were associated with greater impairment in physical, role, and cognitive functioning (p ≤ 0.030).

Conclusions

These results confirm the QLQ‐C30 to be a suitable tool for the assessment of QL in patients with NMSC.
Triggering Insight: Using Neuroscience to Understand How Priming Changes Individual Cognition during Electronic Brainstorming
Authors: Minas Randall K. , Dennis Alan R. , Potter Robert F. , Kamhawi Rasha
Published: November 2017

We build on prior theory and research on electronic brainstorming to examine how achievement priming influences individual cognition leading to changes in individual behavior and ultimately team performance. We conducted a repeated measures experiment using electroencephalography with 53 subjects performing two brainstorming tasks. We found that priming altered cognition in the left and right regions of the frontal cortex; that is, achievement priming triggered cognition in areas of the brain related to creative and insightful cognition while the placebo treatment led to cognition in areas related to language production. Thus, priming did not induce “more” cognition, but rather triggered changes in the nature of cognition that led to significantly more ideas and more ideas that were highly novel, workable, and relevant. This study makes two contributions: it shows one theoretical pathway by which achievement priming works; and it show that priming using pictures improves idea generation.
Salvage endoscopic resection (ER) after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: What are the risk factors for recurrence after salvage ER?
Authors: Hombu Takuya , Yano Tomonori , Hatogai Ken , Kojima Takashi , Kadota Tomohiro , Onozawa Masakatsu , Yoda Yusuke , Hori Keisuke , Oono Yasuhiro , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Fujii Satoshi
Published: November 2017

Background and Aim

Salvage endoscopic resection (ER) is among the curative treatments for superficial local failure after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present study aimed to clarify risk factors for recurrence after salvage ER.

Methods

This study enrolled consecutive ESCC patients treated with salvage ER for local failure after CRT between 1998 and 2013. Recurrences after salvage ER included locoregional recurrences and distant metastases. Multivariate analysis was carried out on clinicopathological parameters to identify risk factors for post‐salvage ER recurrence.

Results

Of the 72 patients enrolled in this study, 37/8/23/4 patients had been staged before CRT as cT1/T2/T3/T4 and 44/28 patients as cN0/N1, respectively, and local failures detected before salvage ER were residual lesions after CRT in 19 and local recurrences in 53 patients. Resected specimens were classified as pT1a (M) in 45 and pT1b (SM) in 27 patients. During the median 45‐month follow up (range, 3–175 months) after salvage ER, 27 (38%) patients developed recurrence with a 3‐year recurrence‐free survival rate of 48.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.5–60.3). Multivariate analysis showed that residual lesions after CRT (HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.32–4.94) and lesions with a submucosal tumor (SMT)‐like appearance before salvage ER (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.04–4.18) were significantly associated with post‐salvage ER recurrence.

Conclusions

Clinical findings (e.g. residual tumors found immediately after CRT and macroscopic SMT‐like appearance before salvage ER) were shown to be significant risk factors for post‐salvage ER recurrence.
Cerebral palsy after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Källén Bengt
Published: November 2017

This commentary is on the original article by Goldsmith et al. on pages 73–80.
Cardiac apical swinging detected by computed tomography
Authors: Takeshige Ryo , Mori Shumpei , Nishii Tatsuya , Mukai Jun , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Shimoyama Shinsuke , Izawa Yu , Hirata Ken‐ichi
Published: November 2017

In cases with significant pericardial effusion, cardiac apical swinging is a characteristic finding, usually detected by echocardiography and electrocardiography. We present a case showing typical cardiac apical swinging, initially detected by routine computed tomography as a cardiac swinging artifact. The present case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary interpretation of cardiac images, specifically focusing on the difference between static images obtained by computed tomography and dynamic images visualized by echocardiography.
Breeding bird species diversity across gradients of land use from forest to agriculture in Europe
Authors: Koivula Matti J. , Chamberlain Dan E. , Fuller Robert J. , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Bankovics Attila , Bracken Fintan , Bolger Tom , de Juana Eduardo , Montadert Marc , Neves Renato , Rufino Rui , Sallent Angel , da Silva Luís Lopes , Leitão Pedro J. , Steffen Manfred , Watt Allan D.
Published: November 2017

Loss, fragmentation and decreasing quality of habitats have been proposed as major threats to biodiversity world‐wide, but relatively little is known about biodiversity responses to multiple pressures, particularly at very large spatial scales. We evaluated the relative contributions of four landscape variables (habitat cover, diversity, fragmentation and productivity) in determining different components of avian diversity across Europe. We sampled breeding birds in multiple 1‐km2 landscapes, from high forest cover to intensive agricultural land, in eight countries during 2001−2002. We predicted that the total diversity would peak at intermediate levels of forest cover and fragmentation, and respond positively to increasing habitat diversity and productivity; forest and open‐habitat specialists would show threshold conditions along gradients of forest cover and fragmentation, and respond positively to increasing habitat diversity and productivity; resident species would be more strongly impacted by forest cover and fragmentation than migratory species; and generalists and urban species would show weak responses. Measures of total diversity did not peak at intermediate levels of forest cover or fragmentation. Rarefaction‐standardized species richness decreased marginally and linearly with increasing forest cover and increased non‐linearly with productivity, whereas all measures increased linearly with increasing fragmentation and landscape diversity. Forest and open‐habitat specialists responded approximately linearly to forest cover and also weakly to habitat diversity, fragmentation and productivity. Generalists and urban species responded weakly to the landscape variables, but some groups responded non‐linearly to productivity and marginally to habitat diversity. Resident species were not consistently more sensitive than migratory species to any of the landscape variables. These findings are relevant to landscapes with relatively long histories of human land‐use, and they highlight that habitat loss, fragmentation and habitat‐type diversity must all be considered in land‐use planning and landscape modeling of avian communities.
Decomposing multiple dimensions of stability in global change experiments
Authors: Hillebrand Helmut , Langenheder Silke , Lebret Karen , Lindström Eva , Östman Örjan , Striebel Maren
Published: November 2017

Ecological stability is the central framework to understand an ecosystem's ability to absorb or recover from environmental change. Recent modelling and conceptual work suggests that stability is a multidimensional construct comprising different response aspects. Using two freshwater mesocosm experiments as case studies, we show how the response to single perturbations can be decomposed in different stability aspects (resistance, resilience, recovery, temporal stability) for both ecosystem functions and community composition. We find that extended community recovery is tightly connected to a nearly complete recovery of the function (biomass production), whereas systems with incomplete recovery of the species composition ranged widely in their biomass compared to controls. Moreover, recovery was most complete when either resistance or resilience was high, the latter associated with low temporal stability around the recovery trend. In summary, no single aspect of stability was sufficient to reflect the overall stability of the system.
First report on the emergency dance of Apis ceranajaponica, which induces odorous plant material collection in response to Vespa mandarinia japonica scouting
Authors: Fujiwara Ayumi , Sasaki Masami , Washitani Izumi
Published: November 2017

Previously, we observed several instances in which Apis cerana japonica performed dancing around the hive entrance and smeared plant materials there immediately after scouting of Vespa mandarinia japonica. In this study, we conducted a series of attack simulation experiments with three hornet species to investigate whether the hive entrance dance is a specific response to V. m. japonica scouting. We also tracked dancing bees and dance‐follower bees to observe whether they perform hive entrance smearing. Only V. m. japonica scouting induced dancing, and we confirmed that dancing and dance‐follower bees performed smearing behavior at the hive entrance. These results suggest that the hive entrance dance informs nestmates of a specific emergency and of the urgent need to collect odorous plant materials as a counter‐attack strategy.
Methodological standards and interpretation of video‐electroencephalography in adult control rodents. A TASK1‐WG1 report of theAES/ILAETranslational Task Force of the ILAE
Authors: Kadam Shilpa D. , D'Ambrosio Raimondo , Duveau Venceslas , Roucard Corinne , Garcia‐Cairasco Norberto , Ikeda Akio , de Curtis Marco , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Kelly Kevin M.
Published: November 2017

In vivo electrophysiological recordings are widely used in neuroscience research, and video‐electroencephalography (vEEG) has become a mainstay of preclinical neuroscience research, including studies of epilepsy and cognition. Studies utilizingvEEGtypically involve comparison of measurements obtained from different experimental groups, or from the same experimental group at different times, in which one set of measurements serves as “control” and the others as “test” of the variables of interest. Thus, controls provide mainly a reference measurement for the experimental test. Control rodents represent an undiagnosed population, and cannot be assumed to be “normal” in the sense of being “healthy.” Certain physiologicalEEGpatterns seen in humans are also seen in control rodents. However, interpretation of rodentvEEGstudies relies on documented differences in frequency, morphology, type, location, behavioral state dependence, reactivity, and functional or structural correlates of specificEEGpatterns and features between control and test groups. This paper will focus on the vEEG of standard laboratory rodent strains with the aim of developing a small set of practical guidelines that can assist researchers in the design, reporting, and interpretation of future vEEG studies. To this end, we will: (1) discuss advantages and pitfalls of common vEEG techniques in rodents and propose a set of recommended practices and (2) present EEG patterns and associated behaviors recorded from adult rats of a variety of strains. We will describe the defining features of selected vEEG patterns (brain‐generated or artifactual) and note similarities to vEEG patterns seen in adult humans. We will note similarities to normal variants or pathological human EEG patterns and defer their interpretation to a future report focusing on rodent seizure patterns.
Methodological standards and functional correlates of depth in vivo electrophysiological recordings in control rodents. A TASK1‐WG3 report of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the ILAE
Authors: Hernan Amanda E. , Schevon Catherine A. , Worrell Gregory A. , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Kahane Philippe , de Curtis Marco , Ikeda Akio , Quilichini Pascale , Williamson Adam , Garcia‐Cairasco Norberto , Scott Rod C. , Timofeev Igor
Published: November 2017

This paper is a result of work of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. The aim is to provide acceptable standards and interpretation of results of electrophysiological depth recordings in vivo in control rodents.
Mesocosm experiments reveal the direction of groundwater–surface water exchange alters the hyporheic refuge capacity under warming scenarios
Authors: Folegot Silvia , Krause Stefan , Mons Raphael , Hannah David M. , Datry Thibault
Published: November 2017

Climate change is expected to affect hydrologic and thermal regimes of river ecosystems. During dry periods when river flows decrease and water temperatures increase, the hyporheic zone (HZ) can provide a refuge to surface aquatic invertebrates and enhance the resilience capacity of riverine ecosystems. However, shifts from up‐ to downwelling flow conditions in the HZ could jeopardise this capacity.

Using laboratory mesocosms and high‐resolution fibre‐optic distributed temperature sensing, we explored the combined effects of five different increased surface water temperature treatments (from 15 to 27°C at 3°C intervals) and the direction of water exchange on the ability of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) to migrate into the HZ as a response to warming. We determined the survival rates of this ubiquitous hyporheic dweller and its rates of consumption of alder (Alnus glutinosa; Betulaceae) leaf litter in the HZ.

Results showed that at increasing surface water temperature, leaf‐litter breakdown was observed at a greater depth in the sediments under downwelling flow conditions, that is, G. pulex migrated deeper into the HZ compared with upwelling conditions, resulting in greater survival rates (64 ± 11 vs. 44 ± 10%). However, under both upwelling and downwelling conditions, we found evidence for potential use of the hyporheic zone as a thermal refuge for G. pulex. Below sediment depths of 25 cm, temperatures remained low (<22°C) even when surface waters were at 27°C, so temperatures deep in the hyporheic zone never exceeded critical thermal thresholds for G. pulex.

This study provides evidence that alterations to the direction of groundwater–surface water exchange can alter the capacity of the HZ to provide a refuge for benthic invertebrates, thereby affecting the resilience of river communities to warming under climate change.
How much do direct livestock emissions actually contribute to global warming?
Authors: Reisinger Andy , Clark Harry
Published: November 2017

Agriculture directly contributes about 10%–12% of current global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, mostly from livestock. However, such percentage estimates are based on global warming potentials (GWPs), which do not measure the actual warming caused by emissions and ignore the fact that methane does not accumulate in the atmosphere in the same way as CO2. Here, we employ a simple carbon cycle‐climate model, historical estimates and future projections of livestock emissions to infer the fraction of actual warming that is attributable to direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions now and in future, and to CO2 from pasture conversions, without relying on GWPs. We find that direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions caused about 19% of the total modelled warming of 0.81°C from all anthropogenic sources in 2010. CO2 from pasture conversions contributed at least another 0.03°C, bringing the warming directly attributable to livestock to 23% of the total warming in 2010. The significance of direct livestock emissions to future warming depends strongly on global actions to reduce emissions from other sectors. Direct non‐CO2 livestock emissions would contribute only about 5% of the warming in 2100 if emissions from other sectors increase unabated, but could constitute as much as 18% (0.27°C) of the warming in 2100 if global CO2 emissions from other sectors are reduced to near or below zero by 2100, consistent with the goal of limiting warming to well below 2°C. These estimates constitute a lower bound since indirect emissions linked to livestock feed production and supply chains were not included. Our estimates demonstrate that expanding the mitigation potential and realizing substantial reductions of direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions through demand and supply side measures can make an important contribution to achieve the stringent mitigation goals set out in the Paris Agreement, including by increasing the carbon budget consistent with the 1.5°C goal.
Germ cell tumour growth patterns originating from clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium: a comparative immunohistochemical study favouring their origin from somatic stem cells
Authors: Nogales Francisco F , Prat Jaime , Schuldt Maolly , Cruz‐Viruel Nelly , Kaur Baljeet , D'Angelo Emanuela , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Vidal August , McCluggage W Glenn , Oosterhuis J Wolter
Published: November 2017

Aims

To report a series of 11 ovarian and one endometrial neoplasm in elderly patients with mixed clear cell tumour and germ cell tumour (GCT) components, to compare their immunohistochemical profiles and demonstrate a putative stem cell population.

Methods and results

The clear cell tumours included 11 clear cell carcinomas (CCC) and one borderline clear cell tumour, while the GCT always included glandular yolk sac tumour (YST). In four cases, there were also foci of teratoma with immature neuroepithelial and endodermal tissues and undifferentiated areas showing true embryoids. To distinguish between the clear cell and YST components, the following antibodies were used: HNF1‐β, napsin‐A, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), PAX8, EMA, AFP, SALL4, villin, glypican‐3 (GPC‐3), GATA3, HepPar‐1, OCT4, CDX2, CD30 and SOX2. HNF1‐β, CK7, EMA and GPC‐3 were often expressed in both components. Other markers had higher specificity for each cellular lineage; napsin‐A and PAX8 were expressed only in CCC, while SALL4, villin, AFP and HepPar‐1 were positive in the glandular YST component but negative in the clear cell component. OCT4 expression occurred in six of 10 cases and consistently in teratoma (four of four).

Conclusions

There is considerable immunophenotypical overlap between the two components in these mixed neoplasms, and a panel of markers should be used to facilitate the distinction. We propose that OCT4‐expressing somatic cancer cells differentiate into GCT and represent spontaneously induced pluripotent stem cells, possibly conditioned by age‐related epigenetic factors. These neoplasms have features of prepubertal type GCT showing lack of 12p gain, preponderance of YST and coexistence with immature neuroectoderm. However, there may also be undifferentiated stem cell areas with embryoid bodies, of the type seen in postpubertal testicular GCT, but lacking a complete embryonal carcinoma immunophenotype.
Antiretroviral pill count and clinical outcomes in treatment‐naïve patients with HIV infection
Authors: Young J , Smith C , Teira R , Reiss P , Jarrín Vera I , Crane H , Miro JM , D'Arminio Monforte A , Saag M , Zangerle R , Bucher HC ,   the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART‐CC)
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Treatment guidelines recommend single‐tablet regimens for patients with HIV infection starting antiretroviral therapy. These regimens might be as effective and cost less if taken as separate drugs. We assessed whether the one pill once a day combination of efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir reduces the risk of disease progression compared with multiple‐pill formulations of the same regimen.

Methods

We selected treatment‐naïve patients starting one‐, two‐ or three‐pill formulations of this regimen in data from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. These patients were followed until an AIDS event or death or until they modified their regimen. We analysed these data using Cox regression models, then used our models to predict the potential consequences of exposing a future population to either a one‐pill regimen or a three‐pill regimen.

Results

Among 11 739 treatment‐naïve patients starting the regimen, there were 386 AIDS events and 87 deaths. Follow‐up often ended when patients switched to the same regimen with fewer pills. After the first month, two pills rather than one was associated with an increase in the risk of AIDS or death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01‐1.91], but three pills rather than two did not appreciably add to that increase (HR 1.19; 95% CI 0.84‐1.68). We estimate that 77 patients would need to be exposed to a one‐pill regimen rather than a three‐pill regimen for 1 year to avoid one additional AIDS event or death.

Conclusions

This particular single‐tablet regimen is associated with a modest decrease in the risk of AIDS or death relative to multiple‐pill formulations.