Compliance of the Subjective Terms of Detention in Criminal Procedure with International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Authors: Safinatunnajah Awalia , Ali Mahrus , Teeraphan Papontee 
Published: February 2023

Detention is one of the coercive measures carried out in the investigation stage. Detention is regulated in Article 21 of the Criminal Procedure Code, in that article there are subjective conditions for detention. Conditions that must be met after the objective conditions. The subjective terms contained in Article 21 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code contain an element of concern. This concern has an abstraction in the determination of detention. This can be dependent on the point of view of law enforcement. The International Civil and Political Rights Covenant (ICCPR) has been ratified by Indonesia. The agreement also regulates detention in Article 9 and Article 14 of the ICCPR. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the provisions regarding the subjective conditions of detention in the Criminal Procedure in accordance with the principles of detention in ICCPR. This study uses a normative juridical research method with legal materials and uses a conceptual approach which then draws a conclusion. The result is that the detention regulations in Article 21 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code are not in accordance with the principles contained in Article 9 and Article 14 of the ICCPR. To be precise, the principle of legality, the principle of necessity, the principle of proportionality, the principle of equality before the law and the principle of presumption of innocence. Subjective terms in Indonesia rely on the views of law enforcement without any clear boundaries that creates legal uncertainty.

Abstrak. Penahanan merupakan salah satu upaya paksa yang dilakukan dalam tahap penyidikan. Penahanan diatur dalam Pasal 21 KUHAP, dalam pasal tersebut adanya syarat subjektif penahanan. Syarat yang harus dipenuhi setelah syarat objektif. Syarat subjektif yang terdapat dalam Pasal 21 ayat (1) KUHAP mengandung unsur kekhawatiran. Kekhawatiran ini terdapat keabstrakan dalam penentuan penahanan. Hal ini dapat menjadi ketergantungan sudut pandang pada penegak hukum. Internasional Covenant Cipil and Political Rights (ICCPR) telah diratifikasi oleh Indonesia, perjanjian tersebut mengatur juga tentang penahanan pada Pasal 9 dan Pasal 14 ICCPR. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kesesuaian ketentuan tentang syarat subjektif penahanan dalam KUHAP sesuai dengan prinsip penahanan dalam Internasional Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan bahan hukum dan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual yang kemudian diambil suatu kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu peraturan penahanan pada Pasal 21 ayat (1) KUHAP belum sesuai dengan asas-asas yang terkandung dalam Pasal 9 dan Pasal 14 ICCPR. Tepatnya asas legalitas, asas nesesitas, asas proporsionalitas, asas persamaan dihadapan hukum dan asas praduga tidak bersalah. Karena dalam syarat subjektif mengandalkan pada pandangan penegak hukum tanpa ada batasan yang jelas sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum.

Kata kunci: ICCPR, Penahanan, Syarat Subjektif, KUHAP, Indonesia