bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of Its Parts? The Implementation and Outcomes of a Whole Blood Program in Ecuador
Authors: Himmler Amber Nicole , Armijos Monica Eulalia Galarza , Naranjo Jeovanni Reinoso , Patiño Sandra Gioconda Peña , Altamirano Doris Sarmiento , Lazo Nube Flores , Andrade Raúl Pino , Aguilar Hernán Sacoto , de Córdova Lenin Fernández , Agurto Cecibel Cevallos , Raykar Nakul , Puyana Juan Carlos , Molina Juan Carlos Salamea
Published: January 2021

Background: Hemorrhagic shock is a major cause of mortality in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Many institutions in LMICs lack the resources to adequately prescribe balanced resuscitation. This study aims to describe the implementation of a whole blood program in Latin America and to discuss the outcomes of the patients that received whole blood (WB).Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients resuscitated with WB from 2013-2019. Five units of O+ WB were made available on a consistent basis for patients presenting in hemorrhagic shock. Variables collected included: gender, age, service treating the patient, units of WB administered, units of components administered, admission vital signs, admission hemoglobin, Shock Index, Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in trauma patients, intraoperative crystalloid (lactated ringers or normal saline) and colloid (5% human albumin) administration, symptoms of transfusion reaction, length-of-stay and in-hospital mortality.Results: The sample includes a total of 101 patients, 57 of whom were trauma and acute care surgery (TACS) patients and 44 of whom were obstetrics and gynecology patients. No patients developed symptoms consistent with a transfusion reaction. Average shock index was 1.16 (±0.55). On average, patients received 1.66 (±0.80) units of whole blood. Overall mortality was 14/101 (13.86%) in the first 24 hours and 6/101 (5.94%) after 24 hours.Conclusion: Implementing a WB protocol is achievable in LMICs. Whole blood allows for more efficient delivery of hemostatic resuscitation and is ideal for resource-restrained settings. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a whole blood program implemented in a civilian hospital in Latin America.
Use and disposal of disposable plastic packaging by retail chains and catering companies
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Panasenkova Elena Yu. , Gruzdeva Olga E. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Kuznetsova Maria G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: January 2021

The increased use of disposable plastic consumer packaging, especially in the sanitary and epidemiological conditions of COVID-19, makes it necessary to dispose of the resulting waste. The problem is aggravated by the weak processing of waste, which is stored and not destroyed in nature. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to analyze the problems caused by the consumption and disposal of plastic disposable plastic packaging by retail chains and public catering companies. A brief comparative analysis of the composition and quantities of the plastic waste was carried out. The legal documents governing the waste management in Russia and abroad were studied. The Russian waste recycling market was compared with the foreign ones. Data on polymeric waste(composition, quantity, share in the total mass of waste, cost, and possibility of using as a secondary raw material) were studied. The lack of an effective system for collecting polymer waste and its utilization in Russia was emphasized and compared with Asian, European and American countries. In these countries, there are regulatory documents governing the collection and recycling of plastic products; the production itself is economically attractive. Recommendations aimed to encourage manufacturers to recycle waste were given; options for solving the problem of recycling plastic waste on a legislative, economic and managerial basis were offered.
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN KATA KETERANGAN DERAJAT BAHASA MANDARIN DAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Susilo Putri Mustika
Published: January 2021

Both modern Chinese and Bahasa have adverbs in common. In adverb, adverb of degree plays an important role in grammar as well as to express level of degree itself. Although there are a few of them, only around a dozen are being used frequently. Main usage of Chinese degree adverb is to qualify psychological verb, adjective and also noun. Main usage of Bahasa degree adverb is to adverbial. The position of Bahasa degree adverb is so ﬂexible that can be used in before and after subject, or in the last sentence. There are similarities and also diﬀerences in the usage from both Chinese and Bahasa. Thus, in the process of learning the adverb of degree in Chinese, foreign student or in this case Indonesian students fnd it a little hard to understand. Indonesian students who learn Chinese usually make bias or error during the learning adverb of degree. These bias and error would inﬂuence the accuracy of expression used directly. The author will analyze degree adverb’s the similarities and diﬀerences using literature collection method in this research. At the same time, for Indonesian students learning degree adverb aspect put forward more suitable teaching and studying suggestions. Based on that, the author will only focus on commonly used adverb of degree such as “very, highly, extremely, to what extent, rather, too, fully, most, more, and a little”, to minimalize the bias that the students make. There are explanations in every example for using Chinese and Bahasa degree adverb. The author hopes this research can help Indonesian students to learn Chinese adverbs of degree further
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DATA PRIBADI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yuniarti Siti
Published: January 2021

Attention to the protection of personal data increases with the development of technology, information and communication (ICT). Collecting, managing and storing personal data is increasingly easy to do by using the technology. These conditions are vulnerable to individual privacy. Privacy is recognized as a human right that required s a legal protection of personal data. As a legal state, Indonesia provides legal protection of human rights as stated firmly on UUD 1945. On the other hand, Indonesia is open to utilization of information and communication technology, including the internet. As consequences, Indonesia has to ensure that data protection has been covered by law. Therefore, using a normative juridical research method, this paper seeks to describe legal protection for personal data in Indonesia today. It shows that legal protection of personal data only accommodated on sectoral regulation that acquired a specific comprehensive act.
Augmented Reality as Potential Alternative Media for Paperless Advertising
Authors: Setiawan Pratikta Aditya
Published: January 2021

Today we life in the era of technology and information. Technology has become an important tools in human daily need and being used in every field of works, including advertisement. With the rapid development of technology, information can be accessed easily in faster speed and in higher quantity. In advertising, information is one of the most important element, we want our advertisement to contain information about our products and delivered in a fastest pace as possible with enough attraction element in it, also we want our advertisement to reach as many people as possible. Ironically, in the era of technology, we still using papers in our advertisement like posters, brochures, booklets, and many other printed promotional tools. The high demand for papers gives negative impact for nature, not only for the trees and forest, but also for the ecosystem. The rapid development of technology has given us so many new alternatives media in advertising, one of them is augmented reality. Augmented reality have a lot of potential to use in many fields of works including advertising. This study attempts to give comparisons between conventional media and Augmented Reality in advertising. The interesting thing of this study is to learn the weakness and the strength of paper media and Augmented Reality in advertising, and to learn how technology can be used indirectly for preserving nature.
Strategi Pengelolaan SDM dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan Berkelanjutan di Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Ong Johan Oscar , Mahazan Masyhudzulhak
Published: January 2021

The industrial growth and technology development need competent human resource in every business organization. The presence of millennial and Generation Z has increasingly dominated workforce presenting a new challenge for organizations to provide work climate that supports their development. It has been surveyed that millennial generation is tech savvy but less patient to stay in an organization. The ability to retain and develop millennial and generation Z is the organization's key success factor to continuously improve its business performance and sustainable growth. The new approach HR management strategies are needed to make sure achieving the business outcome (growth revenue, growth profit, lower cost). The Framework of Organizational Sustainability Model in era 4.0 is designed to map out the HR strategies in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The organizational key drivers would be the input for this model to support employee core competencies so as to give their outstanding performance and increase productivity. Having skills and experience are not enough for employees, they have to make a commitment and well motivated that is shaped by a strong organizational culture and climate. The current research has provided AMO (Ability, Motivation, Opportunity) model approach to support for the key theoretical propositions. The study is imperative for practitioners and organizations since it offers Human Resource Management strategies as a suggestions and guidelines to develop human capital for improving organizational performance and for gaining sustainable competitive advantage.
Determinant Analysis of Open Unemployment Level in Banten Province, 2018 Using Panel Data Regression
Authors: Nurrahmah Isdhani , Wijaya Roy Pratama , Hakim Syifa Rahmawati , Yahya Yusuf , Nooraeni Rani
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyse the relationship of crude school participation rate, the number of poor people, and the GDRP growth rate to the open unemployment rate in Banten. The analytical method used in this study is panel data regression with fixed effect model estimation which is processed using statistical software EViews 10. The data that are used in this study are secondary data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), by taking annual data for each district in Banten province from 2011 until 2018. The results of this study indicate that the GDRP growth rate significantly affects the open unemployment rate, but the crude school participation rate and the number of poor people do not significantly affect the open unemployment rate in Banten.
Literasi Media Terhadap Nilai Budaya Remaja Keturunan Tionghoa Di Kota Tangerang
Authors: Tomohardjo Irmulansati , Noviana Noviana
Published: January 2021

This study aims to find out how media literacy is the cultural value of teenagers of Chinese descent in the China Benteng Tangerang area. This research uses a case study method, which describes social phenomena, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with three speakers. The research concept used is media literacy. The results showed that adolescents of Chinese descent in the China Benteng Tangerang region had cultural awareness and understanding of intercultural interaction. They are able to optimize new media for communication processes, interactions, information access needs and the process of disseminating cultural values. They are open to different cultures, and feel the value of nationalism becomes the main when its role as a member of the community, even though descendants peranakan.
Can Ivermectin be Useful for COVID-19 Management as an Immunomodulating Agent?
Authors: Sheleg Sergey
Published: January 2021

The possibility of using ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19 as an immunomodulating agent, has been discussed, which may prevent life-threatening virally driven cytokine storm syndrome.
Model of essential employability skills framework for machine operator
Authors: Nugraha Hari Din , Kosasih Deny Poniman , Kasda Kasda , Djohar As'ari , Komaro Mumu
Published: January 2021

Employability Skills is a skill requirement that must be possessed by someone to be able to get a job, always keep spirit on work for the successful career achievement. The aim of this study is to find a specific employability skills framework model for Machine Operators. The research design uses mixed methods, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods and parallel convergent strategies in the mixing process data. These findings produce 14 Employability Skills framework, such as; 1) Basic skills: communication, listening 2) Personal Qualities: presence, teamwork, responsibility, honesty, flexibility, empathy. 3) Thinking Skills: creative, problem solving 4) Management: self-management, planning management 5) Systems and Technology: Understand the concept of work, and production flow systems. Overall, the industry are focusing on the basic skills as a primary obligation and personal quality for employability. Further thinking skills, management, and systems and technology will be developed in the workplace later.
Effects of Age, Gender, Health Status, and Political Party on COVID-19–Related Concerns and Prevention Behaviors: Results of a Large, Longitudinal Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Naeim Arash , Baxter-King Ryan , Wenger Neil , Stanton Annette L , Sepucha Karen , Vavreck Lynn
Published: January 2021

Background

With conflicting information about COVID-19, the general public may be uncertain about how to proceed in terms of precautionary behavior and decisions about whether to return to activity.

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity.

Methods

National survey data were obtained from the Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape Project, an ongoing cross-sectional weekly survey. The sample was provided by Lucid, a web-based market research platform. Three outcomes were evaluated: (1) COVID-19–related concerns, (2) precautionary behaviors, and (3) willingness to return to activity. Key independent variables included age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, household income, political party support, religion, news consumption, number of medication prescriptions, perceived COVID-19 status, and timing of peak COVID-19 infections by state.

Results

The data included 125,508 responses from web-based surveys conducted over 20 consecutive weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (comprising approximately 6250 adults per week), between March 19 and August 5, 2020, approved by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Review Board for analysis. A substantial number of participants were not willing to return to activity even after the restrictions were lifted. Weighted multivariate logistic regressions indicated the following groups had different outcomes (all P<.001): individuals aged ≥65 years (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.93-2.18; precautionary behaviors: OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.02-2.80; return to activity: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.37-0.46 vs 18-40 years); men (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.70-0.75; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81; return to activity: OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.88-2.12 vs women); taking ≥4 medications (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.40-1.54; precautionary behaviors: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.555; return to activity: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81 vs <3 medications); Republicans (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.38-0.42; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.40-0.50; return to activity: OR 2.22, 95% CI 2.09-2.36 vs Democrats); and adults who reported having COVID-19 (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.39; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.81; return to activity: OR 3.99, 95% CI 3.48-4.58 vs those who did not).

Conclusions

Participants’ age, party affiliation, and perceived COVID-19 status were strongly associated with their COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Future studies need to develop and test targeted messaging approaches and consider political partisanship to encourage preventative behaviors and willingness to return to activities.
Developing an Adaptive Mobile Intervention to Address Risky Substance Use Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Usability Study
Authors: Coughlin Lara N , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Philyaw-Kotov Meredith L , Bonar Erin E , Rabbi Mashfiqui , Klasnja Predrag , Murphy Susan , Walton Maureen A
Published: January 2021

Background

Substance use among adolescents and emerging adults continues to be an important public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) provides a promising approach to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to prevent escalation of use and substance use–related consequences.

Objective

This pilot study aims to describe the iterative development and initial feasibility and acceptability testing of an mHealth smartphone app, called MiSARA, designed to reduce escalation in substance use.

Methods

We used social media advertisements to recruit youth (n=39; aged 16-24 years, who screened positive for past-month binge drinking or recreational cannabis use) with a waiver of parental consent. Participants used the MiSARA app for 30 days, with feasibility and acceptability data reported at a 1-month follow-up. We present descriptive data regarding behavior changes over time.

Results

The results show that most participants (31/39, 79%) somewhat liked the app at least, with most (29/39, 74%) rating MiSARA as 3 or more stars (out of 5). Almost all participants were comfortable with self-reporting sensitive information within the app (36/39, 92%); however, most participants also desired more interactivity (27/39, 69%). In addition, participants’ substance use declined over time, and those reporting using the app more often reported less substance use at the 1-month follow-up than those who reported using the app less often.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the MiSARA app is a promising platform for JITAI delivery, with future trials needed to optimize the timing and dose of messages and determine efficacy.
Driving Digital Transformation During a Pandemic: Case Study of Virtual Collaboration in a German Hospital
Authors: Frick Nicholas R J , Möllmann Henriette L , Mirbabaie Milad , Stieglitz Stefan
Published: January 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only changed the private lives of millions of people but has significantly affected the collaboration of medical specialists throughout health care systems worldwide. Hospitals are making changes to their regular operations to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while ensuring the treatment of emergency patients. These substantial changes affect the typical work setting of clinicians and require the implementation of organizational arrangements.

Objective

In this study, we aim to increase our understanding of how digital transformation drives virtual collaboration among clinicians in hospitals in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We present the lessons learned from an exploratory case study in which we observed the introduction of an information technology (IT) system for enhancing collaboration among clinicians in a German hospital. The results are based on 16 semistructured interviews with physicians from various departments and disciplines; the interviews were generalized to better understand and interpret the meaning of the statements.

Results

Three key lessons and recommendations explain how digital transformation ensures goal-driven collaboration among clinicians. First, we found that implementing a disruptive change requires alignment of the mindsets of the stakeholders. Second, IT-enabled collaboration presupposes behavioral rules that must be followed. Third, transforming antiquated processes demands a suitable technological infrastructure.

Conclusions

Digital transformation is being driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rapid introduction of IT-enabled collaboration reveals grievances concerning the digital dissemination of medical information along the patient treatment path. To avoid being caught unprepared by future crises, digital transformation must be further driven to ensure collaboration, and the diagnostic and therapeutic process must be opened to disruptive strategies.
Swedish Web Version of the Quality of Recovery Scale Adapted for Patients Undergoing Local Anesthesia and Peripheral Nerve Blockade (SwQoR-LA): Prospective Psychometric Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nilsson Ulrica , Dahlberg Karuna , Jaensson Maria
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The frequency and timing of assessing patient symptoms and discomfort during postoperative recovery are goals. Therefore, real-time recovery evaluation has been suggested to identify specific deficits in patient recovery.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the Swedish Web Version of the Quality of Recovery (SwQoR) Scale adapted for patients undergoing local and peripheral nerve block (SwQoR-LA).

METHODS

This was a secondary analysis of a psychometric evaluation of 107 patients aged ≥18 years undergoing day surgery under local or peripheral nerve block anesthesia at 4 different day surgery departments in Sweden. The SwQoR-LA, available through a mobile app called Recovery Assessment by Phone Points (RAPP), was completed daily on postoperative days 1-7.

RESULTS

Some evidence of construct validity was supported, and discriminant validity was found in 7 of 8 items related to general anesthesia. The internal consistency was acceptable (.87-.89), and the split-half reliability was 0.80-0.86. Cohen d effect size was 0.98, and the percentage of change from baseline was 43.4%. No floor nor ceiling effects were found.

CONCLUSIONS

The SwQoR-LA is valid, reliable, responsive, and clinically feasible for digital real-time recovery assessment of patient recovery to identify specific deficits in patient recovery and detect those patients who might beneﬁt from a timely intervention.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02492191; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02492191

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009901
Developing an Adaptive Mobile Intervention to Address Risky Substance Use Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Coughlin Lara N , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Philyaw-Kotov Meredith L , Bonar Erin E , Rabbi Mashfiqui , Klasnja Predrag , Murphy Susan , Walton Maureen A
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Substance use among adolescents and emerging adults continues to be an important public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) provides a promising approach to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to prevent escalation of use and substance use–related consequences.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study aims to describe the iterative development and initial feasibility and acceptability testing of an mHealth smartphone app, called MiSARA, designed to reduce escalation in substance use.

METHODS

We used social media advertisements to recruit youth (n=39; aged 16-24 years, who screened positive for past-month binge drinking or recreational cannabis use) with a waiver of parental consent. Participants used the MiSARA app for 30 days, with feasibility and acceptability data reported at a 1-month follow-up. We present descriptive data regarding behavior changes over time.

RESULTS

The results show that most participants (31/39, 79%) somewhat liked the app at least, with most (29/39, 74%) rating MiSARA as 3 or more stars (out of 5). Almost all participants were comfortable with self-reporting sensitive information within the app (36/39, 92%); however, most participants also desired more interactivity (27/39, 69%). In addition, participants’ substance use declined over time, and those reporting using the app more often reported less substance use at the 1-month follow-up than those who reported using the app less often.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that the MiSARA app is a promising platform for JITAI delivery, with future trials needed to optimize the timing and dose of messages and determine efficacy.
Spatial Dynamics Model of Land Availability and Population Growth Prediction in Bengkulu City
Authors: Lestari Della Ayu , Susiloningtyas Dewi , Supriatna Supriatna
Published: January 2021

Bengkulu City is the center for almost all activities and has a high population growth rate. Because of the high population growth rate, human needs for space and land will increase. Land availability will continue to decline, while it cannot increase the existing area. This will impact the carrying capacity of the environment, so it needs predictions for land availability. This study used a spatial dynamics model which is an analysis of the dynamic system model and the suitability of the built-up area. The carrying capacity to reach excellent quality when the length of the built-up area is 30-70% of the total area that can be used. The results showed that the built-up area will reach 70% in 2030, which means it will exceed the environmental carrying capacity threshold. The results showed there were differences between the distribution patterns of built-up area in the spatial dynamics model and Spatial Planning Bengkulu City in 2032 at Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, Selebar Subdistrict, Singaran Pati Subdistrict, and Sungai Serut Subdistrict.
Enhancing the knowledge spillover through the formation of the oligocentric national innovation system
Authors: Preobrazhenskiy Yuri V. , Firsova Anna A.
Published: January 2021

The processes of spatial polarization of economic activity and potential of regional innovation systems are an important area of study of the innovation transfer in the global world. The present study continues the scientific discussion on the ratio of concentration and uniform innovation development. The objective of the study is to analyze indicators of spatial concentration of innovation activity and the knowledge spillover between regions in the national innovation system. The main methods are the application of the Herfindal-Hirschman index, as well as cartographic analysis. The analysis of the concentration degree of the following indicators of innovation activity was carried out: patents, developed and used advanced technologies, R&D costs, output of innovative products in these regions of Russia using the Herfindal-Hirschman index. A graphical method was used to identify the main regions of the centers and peripheries, and a map of fragmentation of the country's innovative cores was constructed. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis of a greater spatial concentration of knowledge in comparison with the release of innovative products. Analysis of potential knowledge spillover between regions showed that the indicators associated with the generation of knowledge, focused on the Russian regions is significantly stronger than the indicators for innovative output: spatial concentration of developed advanced technologies are higher than that used advanced technologies, and the concentration of expenditure on technological innovations ahead of the release of innovative products. This indicates an unbalanced nature of the effects of the innovative spillover, when the use of technologies is more widespread than their development and implementation. Recommendations are also presented on a more efficient organization of the innovation space and on the transition from a monocentric model of organizing a socio-economic space to an oligocentric model to reduce excessive polarization and increase the efficiency of knowledge spillover.
Migration, Landscape Dynamics, and Fishermen Livelihood: A Case Study At East Kalimantan
Authors: Setiadi Setiadi
Published: January 2021

This paper argues for the interrelationship between migration process, dynamics of landscape structure, and sustainable livelihood based on an in-depth study in East Kalimantan, known as a hub of oil and gas and mining industry as well as plantation and housing area for fishing communities. Using anthropological approach, data was collected using a range of methods including observation, GIS-based spatial mapping, household survey, focus group discussion (FGD), and in-depth interviews.Findings of this study showed that the long process of landscape change has affected community livelihood due to differential resource allocation. Intensive migration occurring alongside rapid industrialization has not only increased competition between different interest groups, but has also changed local spatial configuration. Nonetheless, findings also highlighted integration between differentinterest groups which has also influenced livelihood. Such process is a form of ‘smart’ response in showing community resilience and ability to share living space by minimizing conflicts.
Optimization Management for Chili (Capsicum annum L.) Production in Agroforestry System with Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) on Local Protected Coastline Areas
Authors: Ruslanjari Dina , Suryanto Priyono , Alam Taufan
Published: January 2021

Bugel coastline areas have the potential for horticulture commodities development. This study's objectives were mapping protected Bugel coastline areas, land evaluation, and yield response of chili in an agroforestry system with coconut trees on Bugel coastline areas. The research was conducted during April-July, 2015, in Bugel coastline areas, Panjatan District, Kulonprogo Regency, Special Province of Yogyakarta. The first stage was the literature study and field mapping by BING satellite imagery. The second method was an actual and potential land evaluation using the FAO version, Sys criteria, and Sys limitation. The third method was using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The results showed that a local protected coastline area allowed for the agriculture and forestry crops is >200 meters from the furthest tide point. The actual and potential land evaluation in all agroforestry phases were not suitable and marginally suitable. The initial phase showed the highest fresh fruit weight by 100.30 grams/plant, compared with the intermediate and advanced phases by 88.13 grams/plant 71.54 grams/plant.
Курган ямной культуры на южном берегу р. Егорлык
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Kekeev Erdni A. , Ochir-Goryaeva Maria A. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Burataev Evgeny G. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: January 2021

The article presents materials from the excavation work of the mound 1 from the Egorlyk group. The mound was formed over two burials of the Yamnaya culture of the early Bronze Age era. The only inlet burial was placed in the center of the mound during the transition period from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age. The discovery of this monument is significant because it is the first monument of the Bronze Age explored on the north-eastern slope of the Stavropol height, in-between the rivers Egorlyk and Kalaus and bounded from the east by the lake Manych.
Протяжная песня «Өрүн hарсн нарн» в записях 1902, 1974, 1997 и 2020 гг.
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Dordzhieva Gilyana А.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the chants and texts of the lingering song “Orun garsn narn” recorded from Don Kalmyks (Boghshrangin Kalmyks) in Elista and Kalmyk expatriate community in the USA. Texts, word-for-word translations and notations of the three performing variants are given in the study. The article analyzes the content of the texts, detects the invariant features of the chants, specifies the particular nature of the religious songs ‘chastr dun’.
Калмыцкий рассказ в антологии «Современная литература народов России. Проза»
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Khaninova Rimma M. , Badmagoryaeva Irina S. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the stories by Andrey Dzhimbiev (“The Last Attack”, “Stronger than Fate”) and Nikolai Burulov (“Wolf Trap”) that are related to the historical theme — The Great Patriotic War and the thirteenyear exile of the Kalmyk people (1943–1956). These stories were included into the anthology “Contemporary Literature of the Peoples of Russia. Prose” (M. 2018). To a certain extent the works have autobiographic characteristics, they are based on the personal experience of the writers, convey their attitude towards the tragic pages of the history of the country and their native land and manifest the ideals of the good and the just. The stories of A. Dzhimbiev are translated into Russian by N. Egorov, who did not precisely follow the original texts, the story by N. Burulov has the author’s translation.
Бурят-монгольский язык в современных условиях: проблемы, противоречия, поиск конструктивных путей развития
Authors:   East Siberia State University of Technologies and Management, Antonov Vladimir I. , Ochirova Oiuuna A. ,   East Siberia State University of Technologies and Management
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the problems of the development of the modern Buryat language in the Republic of Buryatia. It gives a brief analysis of the outcomes of this development in the approximately thirty years from the establishment of the legal status of the Buryat language as an official language in the republic. The study points out the problems, controversial points in the process of Buryat language becoming official. It gives the meaning of functional isomorphism in this process. The authors give the specific results and recommendations for the constructive expansion of the functional opportunities of the Buryat language.
Theoretical assessment of the response of an explosive charge to the impact of a tungsten subprojectile
Authors: Trzciński Waldemar
Published: January 2021

The criteria for initiation of detonation in an explosive encased in a metal envelope following impact by a projectile are discussed in the paper. Methods for estimating the pressure in the explosive after impact by a high-speed projectile are presented. The methods and criteria were used to investigate the response of explosives encased in steel shells after tungsten projectile impact. Based on the results obtained, the ability of AHEAD ammunition to destroy missiles and artillery shells was assessed.
Development trends in artillery ammunition propellants
Authors: Szala Mateusz
Published: January 2021

A short history of nitrocellulose (NC) use in propellants is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of NC as a semi-synthetic component of powders and rocket propellants are presented. Based on the conventional classification of propellants, the options of eliminating nitrocellulose in different types of powders and rocket propellants are discussed in detail. The analysis shows that in the foreseeable future, the elimination of NC in single-base and double-base propellants is highly unlikely. The observed trends in triple-base propellant development also does not show any tendencies in the elimination of NC, only the replacement of nitroguanidine with cyclic nitroamines. However, the elimination of NC in LOVA composite propellants is probable. Synthetic, rubber-based solid composite rocket propellants, with ammonium perchlorate as the oxidizer, are the only ones not dependent on NC.
Biochemical quality of cowpea beans grown under water-deficit maintained with hydrogel
Authors: Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro , Da Silva Guilherme Sousa , Rauber Wagner Augusto , Rodrigues Larissa Urzêdo , Nascimento Vitor L. , Siebeneichler Susana Cristine
Published: January 2021

Investigations related to the effects of the hydrogel use in a water-deficit conditions on the biochemical composition of the harvested products are scarce. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of hydrogel on the biochemical response of cowpea beans produced under water-deficit in southern Tocantins. The experiment was a randomized complete block design  with  four  replications.  The  treatments  were  obtained  in  a  2x5  factorial  scheme,  being:  two  sources  of  hydrogel  (Hydroplan-EB  HyC  and  Polim-Agri PP) and five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20kg ha-1). After harvesting,  the  grains  of  cowpea,  BRS  Vinagre  cultivar,  were  ground  and  chemically analyzed. The oil content of the seeds agreed with the reference values.  The  use  of  Polim-Agri  PP  promoted  the  best  levels  of  amino  acids  (0.38mg  g-1)  and  proteins  (243.22mg  g-1)  of  the  grains.  The  carbohydrate  content  of  them  (Ȳ= 81.44mg  g-1)  was  better  using  Hydroplan-EB  HyC,  regardless  of  the  concentration  applied.  The  application  of  6.28kg  ha-1 of Polim-Agri  PP  provided  the  highest  starch  content  (842g  mg-1).  The  use  of  hydrogel  improves  the  biochemical  quality  of  cowpea  beans  produced  under water deficit in southern Tocantins.
INFLUENCE OF THE SCLERAL LENS AND FLUID RESERVOIR THICKNESSES ON RESIDUAL ASTIGMATISM
Authors: Michaud Langis , Courey Gabriella
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis study aims to determine if lens or tear fluid reservoir thicknesses (LT/FRT) may influence the presence of residual astigmatism and participant’s visual acuity.

MethodsThe study was a randomized, non-dispensing, prospective study. Empirically and randomly chosen participants were fitted with 4 combinations (350 and 250 um LT fitted with 250 and 350 um FRT) of 16 mm diameter scleral lenses, designed using a corneo-scleral profiler software (sMap 3D, Visionary Optics, US). Lenses haptics were kept spherical for all lenses. They were evaluated under a slit lamp, anterior segement OCT (objective fluid reservoir and lens thicknesses), topography over lenses and aberrometry, after 30 minutes of lens wear. Spherico-cylindrical refraction and logMar acuity were also assessed.

ResultsStudy population was composed of 24 participants aged 24.2 + 4.7 years old. Baseline refractive error was -2.3 + 1.6 D with -0.48 + 0.26 D of astigmatism. In vivo (OCT) lens A was 344.1 ± 15.4 um thick, fitted with a vault of 213.6 ± 42.4 um; Lens B was 346.2 ± 12.5/327.2 ± 44.8; Lens C was 260.3 ± 17.7/214.0 ± 40.6 um and Lens D was 262.2 ±13.2/330.8 ± 52.0 respectively. All lenses were found similarly decentered inferiorly by 0.10 to 0.15 um. BCVA was −0.32 + 0.08 (A), −0.21 + 0.10 (B), −0.28 + 0.08 (C), and −0.14 + 0.10 (D), compared to −0.25 + 0.08 (A), −0.11 + 0.10 (B), −0.23 + 0.06 (C), and −0.05 + 0.12 (D) when sphere only was compensated. Residual refractive astigmatism (RA = -0.50 to -0.75D) is found significantly higher based on the FRT (F=9.560; p=0.037) and not LT(F=0.429; p=0.522). There is no correlation be-tween RA and over-k readings (Lens A r=-0.078, p=0.773; Lens B r=−0.073, p=0.788; Lens C r=−0.345, p=0.171; Lend D r=0.019, p=0.944). Higher order aberrations, mostly vertical coma, were found clinically significant but not statistically different between lenses (A= 0.350 + 0.032; B=0.382 + 0.053, C=0.329 + 0.044 and D=0.385+ 0.062; p=0.776)

ConclusionThis study proves that low level of RA may be found when scleral lenses are fitted on normal corneas. Its occurrence is related to the presence of high-order aberrations and less likely to lens flexure.
Ethical Dilemmas of Surrogacy: Christian Discourse in Contemporary Socio-Cultural Context
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Moscow, Russia), Tarabrin Roman ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
Published: January 2021

The article assesses bioethical issues of surrogacy from а Christian perspective and the possibility of adopting a cryopreserved embryo in the current socio-cultural context. Pregnancy of an adopting woman represents only a visible, technical similarity to the surrogacy; it is now commonly called “snowflake adoption.” In fact, such a pregnancy implies a different meaning and different goals. The study considers the following ethical dilemma: an invasion into marital union while using surrogacy for embryo adoption versus the potential death of an embryo in the absence of surrogacy. Any person, as Christian anthropology claims, originates from the first moment of conception. Therefore, respect for personal dignity includes the preservation of life and health at the embryonic stage even in a cryopreserved state. The potential death of a frozen embryo would be considered a more significant ethical evil than the intrusion of an adoptive mother into a marital union. Thus, snowflake adoption can be ethically justified to save a cryopreserved embryo if a woman adopts it and will raise the born child.
From “Bioethics” to “Christian Bioethics”: Significance of H.T. Engelhardt’s Legacy in Today’s Russia
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), Shok Nataliya
Published: January 2021

A perception of “Christian bioethics” developed by the American philosopher Hugo Tristram Engelhardt in Russia requires a systematic interdisciplinary analysis. This is due to the realities of medical practice, as well as cultural and historical differences between the Russian and American societies. In Russia, there are certain difficulties in the open discussion of ethical issues in the public sphere. However, the recently growing participation of the Orthodox Church in public debates on the issues of medicine and biotechnology produce a basis for a reception of Engelhardt’s Christian bioethics. This article presents an analysis of how Engelhardt’s academic carrier was connected to his personal transformation, and how a “logical positivist” and physician interested in genetics, through his studies of continental philosophy, history of medicine, Catholicism and bioethics, came up finally as a founder of Christian bioethics based on Eastern Christian Orthodoxy. This analysis is purposed to expand the theoretical discussion of moral dilemmas posed at the intersection of medicine, religion and philosophy within the Russian academic discourse.
“Somos civilizados, não precisamos da polícia”: a justiça popular no Haiti Central
Authors: Evangelista Felipe
Published: January 2021

Baseado em pesquisa etnográfica de longa duração realizada numa vizinhança rural fronteiriça, o artigo argumenta que no Haiti rural contemporâneo existem tanto entendimentos culturalmente específicos de legitimidade e de soberania quanto dispositivos securitários independentes do Estado, inclusive para punição a infratores. As vizinhanças são capazes de exercer certo grau de controle sobre a circulação de pessoas e de mercadorias, mesmo quando agem contra o Estado (como no caso do contrabando), que em muitas instâncias não possui capacidade logística para lhes fazer frente e impor seus desígnios. As vizinhanças são moralmente pautadas por um senso de justiça que opera em grande medida à margem do ordenamento jurídico, cuja máxima expressão é o linchamento de ladrões.
Apresentação: Mercados Populares, Ilegalismos e suas Regulações pela Violência
Authors: Pires Lenin , Hirata Daniel Veloso , Maldonado Salvador Aranda
Published: January 2021

O texto versa sobre os mercados dos ilegalismos, considerados estruturantes e distintivos das economias neocoloniais, periféricas, dependentes ou subdesenvolvidas ou, paradoxalmente, parte do “museu de grandes novidades” da racionalidade política contemporânea descrita enquanto neoliberal. Os autores discorrem sobre como estes, ao acolherem populações pobres, periféricas, migrantes ou refugiadas, se transformam em universo relacional cada vez mais complexo, tendo a dimensão da violência em permanente mutação, dependendo dos interesses e processos legitimadores do uso da força, ao mesmo tempo que compondo e desafiando a ficção moderna da estatalidade. Dessa maneira, ela ora se estabelece como tecnologia de administrar conflitos, ora em mercadoria que se veicula para equilíbrio ou desequilíbrio das relações de poder em tais contextos, podendo desbordar para outros domínios relacionais da sociedade.
Por que ainda falamos de clientelismo no Brasil?
Authors: Müller Matheus
Published: January 2021

Diferentemente do coronelismo, que perdeu força com o avanço dos mecanismos de controle sobre o processo eleitoral, ou do mandonismo, que rareou com a afirmação dos direitos políticos e civis no país, o clientelismo se manteve vivo por toda a história da democracia brasileira. Com o passar do tempo, mudaram os atores, sua presença diminuiu em determinados períodos, aumentou em outros, mas a troca de bens de qualquer natureza pelo voto do eleitor nunca deixou de existir. Este estudo assume o compromisso de descobrir o perfil do eleitor preferido pelos candidatos para ofertar o clientelismo entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 no Brasil. Se vale da metodologia quantitativa e das técnicas da estatística descritiva e do risco relativo para sua análise. Os principais resultados obtidos fazem cair por terra algumas das premissas da Ciência Política e do senso comum a respeito dessa prática tão comum à política brasileira.
A insatisfação política e a ascensão do autoritarismo-populista: uma análise da América do Sul e da Europa
Authors: Castro Henrique Carlos de Oliveira de , Santos Débora De Oliveira , Beal Luana Isabelle
Published: January 2021

Nos últimos anos, observamos a ascensão de atores autoritário-populistas tanto em democracias consolidadas quanto naquelas ainda não bem estabelecidas. Neste artigo, analisamos se o aumento da insatisfação política explica o crescimento do apoio político ao autoritarismo-populista na América do Sul e na Europa. Nossa hipótese é que um ambiente de insatisfação política explica o fenômeno. Analisamos os casos da Alemanha, Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Espanha e Holanda. Utilizamos dados do World Values Survey e dos resultados eleitorais de 2005 a 2019. Verificamos que há uma desconexão entre o apoio à democracia e a insatisfação com o seu desempenho, o que favorece, em alguns casos, o crescimento do autoritarismo-populista. Além disso, os eleitores desses atores são os mais insatisfeitos. Porém, a hipótese é parcialmente confirmada, já que a insatisfação é insuficiente para explicar todos os casos, sendo outros fatores, como o conflito de valores e a cultura política, mais pertinentes.
Mídium e mundos éticos: notas sobre a construção do Observatório da Literatura Digital Brasileira (Medium and ethical worlds: notes on the construction of the Observatório da Literatura Digital Brasileira)
Authors: Salgado Luciana  Salazar
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, articulamos o que Régis Debray define como mídium a uma noção proposta por Dominique Maingueneau em seus estudos do ethos discursivo: mundos éticos. Trata-se de detalhar o que se pode entender por valores, crenças e imaginários, termos tão necessários quanto opacos quando aparecem para descrever efeitos de sentido que operam na ordem do sensível. A hipótese é que as questões técnicas estão no centro dessa operação e que, se consideramos as inscrições dos discursos em materialidades tangíveis, podemos explicar melhor a distribuição dos dizeres numa dada organização social e os funcionamentos institucionais que a autorizam. Para tanto, o conceito de hipergênero será mobilizado para apresentar um caso em estudo: o projeto de criação do Observatório da Literatura Digital Brasileira é o dado disparador da reflexão sobre “literatura digital”, uma rubrica em construção.