bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychomotor abilities in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy derived from procedural task analysis techniques and expert review
Authors: Amouzeshi Zahra , Changiz Tahereh , Najimi Arash , Saberifiroozi Mehdi , Sadeghi Amir , Farzanehfar Mohammad Reza , Khoshbaten Manouchehr , Mojtahedi Kourosh , Sima Alireza , Taghvaei Tarang , Adibi Peyman
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Any prediction of a person's ability to succeed in a motor skill depends on the detection and accurate measurement of the basic abilities for the performance of that skill. Task analysis is needed to determine the psychomotor skills and abilities required to perform an action. This study aimed to determine the components of psychomotor abilities for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy through procedural task analysis (PTA) and expert review.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A multisource, multimethod task analysis was conducted in six metropolitan teaching hospitals affiliated with the adult gastroenterology and hepatology training centers in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2019. Observation, video-recording, and think-aloud protocols were used while diagnostic upper GI endoscopy was performed. To confirm the accuracy of the PTA, the incorporated the views of the adult gastroenterology and hepatology subspecialty experts through the checklist of PTA assessment criteria. Finally, to determine the psychomotor abilities for each stage of the procedure, the study incorporated a panel of experts from occupational therapy, physical education, physical medicine, and adult gastroenterology and hepatology subspecialty.

RESULTS:

Of the 15 psychomotor abilities examined, 11 were determined for upper GI endoscopy procedure, of which six cases (including visuospatial and perceptual abilities, hand–eye coordination, multilimb coordination, finger dexterity, arm–hand steadiness, and manual dexterity) were the most frequent.

CONCLUSIONS:

PTA techniques and subsequent expert review were used to identify the components of psychomotor abilities for diagnostic upper GI endoscopy. It is suggested that PTA is performed for other procedures, and after psychomotor abilities are specified, proportional tests are developed.
Medication error trends in Middle Eastern countries
Authors: Aidah Saba , Gillani Syed Wasif , Alderazi Afifa , Abdulazeez Fawaz
Published: April 2024

Medication errors (MEs) are a critical worldwide concern and can cause genuine clinical ramifications for patients. Studies concerning such errors have not been undertaken as much in the Middle Eastern region. The aim of this study was to systematically review and identify studies done in the Middle Eastern nations to recognize the principle contributory factors included and to estimate the prevalence in the region. A review of the retrospective, prospective, cohort, and case–control studies based on MEs in the Middle Eastern nations was directed in January 2020 utilizing the accompanying databases: Embase, Medline, PubMed, Ebsco, Cochrane, Scopus, and Prospero. The search methodology incorporated all ages and in English only dating back to 2010. The search methodology included articles about MEs in the Middle East with errors in people of all ages, articles in English, and articles dating back to 2010. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses appraisal instrument was used to assess the quality of the included articles. Individual data extraction, pooled analysis, and the accompanying databases were used for data analysis of the MEs in eligible studies. Fifteen of the 18 articles reviewed from four Middle Eastern countries had low risk of bias, while three out of 18 had medium risk of bias. A total of 58,221 reported people were studied, with a total of 34,730.9 reported MEs. The pooled analysis showed that numbers of errors were mainly prescribing errors (n = 22,715.25), general prescription errors (n = 8097.16), and commission errors (n = 158.2). Iran had the highest rate amid the reported administration errors, at 25.07% (599.11/2388.9). Measuring a patient's clinical laboratory values was another less common type of prescription ME. Lebanon reported to have the highest monitoring errors, with a rate of 13.13% (277.91/2117). A negative trend was shown in the amount of MEs in the vast majority of the nations under the examination. The under-reporting or uncertain information recommended that significan changes are needed in the healthcare sector. There is solid need of literature on healthcare services in the region to completely understand and address the MEs and issues.
The most prominent problems of diabetes education in Iran
Authors: Yazdani Faridokht , Abazari Parvaneh , Haghani Fariba , Iraj Bijan
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Education in vulnerable communities can be a health affordable strategy to promote patient empowerment. Recognition and understanding the problems of diabetes education are of significance to overcome the barriers and advance the educational and care services to control diabetes and promotion of society health. The aim of this study was to explore participants’ perspectives, experiences, and preferences, regarding diabetes education problems.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This descriptive, qualitative study was conducted from March 2016 to September 2017. The participants were 23 people including nine patients with diabetes and their family members and 14 members of diabetes healthcare team (physicians, nurses, and nutritionists). The data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed through conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Some main categories and subcategories emerged.

RESULTS:

Three main categories showed the most prominent problems of diabetes education, namely, inadequate infrastructure for diabetes education, insufficient defined and de facto position for the role of diabetes nurse educator, and the failure in patient-oriented team approach in diabetes education.

CONCLUSION:

This article addresses the most important problems of diabetes education. The fundamental strategy to overcome these problems seems to be the planning and management of diabetes education as a high priority in the noncommunicable disease management policies of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
The mediating role of compassion in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout
Authors: Asl Esmaeil Mousavi , Boostani Hatam , Behrouzian Forouzan , Rostami Hamzeh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The coronavirus has caused fundamental changes in our way of life, leading to a wave of psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 epidemic, including stress, anxiety, perceived threats, and fear. Considering the psychological consequences of COVID-19, the present study was conducted with the aim of mediating the role of compassion in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The design of the present study was descriptive correlation. The present study population included all students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2020. Two hundred and fifty-one students were selected and completed the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Questionnaire, Compassion Scale, and COVID-19 Burnout Scale. Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation model were performed using SPSS version 18 and LISREL 8.8.

RESULTS:

The results showed that COVID-19 burnout had a positive and significant relationship with the overall score of anxiety syndrome (r = 0.42, P = 0.01), while it has a negative and significant relationship with compassion (r = −0.37, P = 0.01). Compassion also has a significant negative relationship with anxiety syndrome (r = −0.35, P = 0.01). In addition, the results of path analysis showed that compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said that compassion acts as a protective factor against the negative effects of anxiety syndrome. Therefore, this factor can be considered in the development of prevention and treatment programs for burnout caused by COVID-19.
Level of anxiety and depression among health-care professionals amidst of coronavirus disease
Authors: Khan Haseeb , Srivastava Rahul , Tripathi Neeraj , Uraiya Dharmendra , Singh Astha , Verma Ruchi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The spread of novel coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) across the world and its associated morbidity and mortality confronted the nations by various means. COVID19 pandemic had significant psychological effects not only on the general population but also on health-care workers (HCWs). Hence, we aimed to found the level of anxiety and depression among health-care professionals amidst coronavirus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 829 participants including doctors and nurses and other medical staff who were posted in the COVID ward and COVID intensive care unit using a well-structured questionnaire through the Google Forms. The two scales used to measure anxiety and depression among the HCWs were the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Cronbach's alpha of HAM A is 0.921 and Cronbach's alpha of PHQ 9 is 0.851. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to establish the association between categorical independent and dependent variables.

RESULTS:

The results of this study demonstrate that anxiety and depression were significantly higher in doctors and staff nurses as compared to other medical staff. According to HAM-A, 65.1% of respondents were in the mild category, 22.0% mild to moderate, and 12.9% moderate to severe. The HAM-A (P = 0.022) and PHQ-9 (P = 0.001) for anxiety and depression respectively were significantly higher in females. The means of the scales got increased after postings in the corona wards.

CONCLUSION:

Concerning the high occurrence of anxiety and fear among health-care professionals, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates and emphasizes the need to implement urgent measures to prevent further progress to severe mental health disorder.
Perception and factors affecting practice of preventive measures of coronavirus disease among nurses in tertiary health institutions in Anambra state, southeast Nigeria
Authors: Odikpo Linda C. , Onyekaonwu Vera I. , Afonne Anulika J.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 is a contagious disease without any treatment, vaccine, or immunity, which the only way out is the practice of preventive measures. This article assessed the perception and factors influencing the practice of preventive measures to COVID-19 among nurses in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study objectives include to determine the perception of nurses toward COVID-19 and to determine factors that influence the practice of preventive measures to COVID-19 among nurses in tertiary hospitals in Anambra State.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The design for the study was descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among 344 nurses in the two tertiary institutions.

RESULTS:

Three hundred and three (88.1%) nurses had no formal training on COVID-19 protocol. They have a good perception of the disease as, among others, they (165 [48.0%]) see it to be highly contagious, 207 (60.2%) can recognize symptoms easily, 168 (48.8%) believed that COVID-19 could be handled professionally based on their experience, 155 (45.1%) responded that there is no vaccine yet for the disease, and 200 (58.1%) responded that patients should not hide their symptoms and travel history to avoid infecting other people. The result on the false benefits has 323 (93.9%) who responded that COVID-19 preventive measures will predispose one to the disease, 319 (92.7%) who responded that the preventive measures will not slow the spread of the disease, 288 (83.7) who responded that it is independent of normalcy returning to areas affected, and 327 (95.1%) who responded that COVID-19 preventive measures are among the effective ways to mitigate the disease and enhance life sustainability. Some work-related/institutional and disease-specific factors influence their practice of preventive measures to COVID-19. Such factors include the time to use personal protective equipment (PPE) in an emergency (170 [49.4%]), remembering to use PPE (158 [45.9%]), insufficient nursing staff during a shift (158 [43.0%]), and too many responsibilities during a shift (178 [51.7%]).

CONCLUSION:

With the increasing death as a result of COVID-19, of which health workers are not immune to, it is essential to annihilate all negative factors that may impede the accurate practices of the preventive measures and also support the nurses with the necessary tools and knowledge to mitigate their exposure to the disease.
The effect of integration of basic and clinical aspects of a specific topic in a parasitology course on medical students learning
Authors: Amini Mitra , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Handjani Farhad , Hatam Gholamreza , Asgari Qasem
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM:

Parasitology course is one of the basic science courses in the educational curriculum for medical students. Since the integration of basic and clinical sciences has helped students better understand the basic science course content, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of integration of basic and clinical aspects of a specific topic in a parasitology course on medical students learning.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 110 undergraduate fifth-semester medical students from April to July 2018. The students were randomly divided into two groups, based on student identification number: Intervention and control groups. The topic selected for this study from the parasitology course was “cutaneous leishmaniasis.” At the beginning of the program, a dermatologist presented the clinical aspects of the topic to the intervention group. Then, a parasitologist delivered a traditional lecture about the basic aspects of the topic to both groups. The students’ scores on questions related to cutaneous leishmaniasis in the final exam were used as a measure of learning and teaching outcomes. A questionnaire that consisted of seven items and three open-ended questions was used based on the objectives of the randomized controlled trial. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software.

RESULTS:

Based on the result of the final examination, there was no significant difference in the learning rate of students between the intervention and control groups (P ≥ 0.05). According to students’ comments, the teaching of clinical science alongside basic science increased the importance of the topic and the students’ interest in basic science. Most students agreed that this method prepares them for their clinical years.

CONCLUSION:

Many medical students believe that the content of many basic science courses are forgotten in the future. Therefore, basic science education alongside clinical science presentations are suggested.
Designing an educational campaign intervention on smoking preventive behaviors in students
Authors: Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy , Abdollahi Salime Zare , Lotfi Mohammad Hasan
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Todays, human lifestyle has faced significant changes, and this lifestyle has caused health problems. The increase of smoking, among young people, is one of the risk factors and incorrect lifestyle factors. The present study will design an educational campaign intervention based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) on smoking preventive behaviors in students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In designing this study, five phases are considered. (1) needs assessment and determination of the current situation are considered. In this phase, the required communication is established to form a planning team with key and influential people and experts, (2) tool design, (3) educational intervention (educational campaign) is designed. Some individuals will be selected and trained as facilitators to start entering the target population, have a better access to the target group, and implement the interventions in the target group. (4) the implementation of the educational plan, in which the designed educational intervention (educational campaign) will be implemented on the students of the studied universities. (5) the educational evaluation, which will be conducted 2 months after the intervention of the educational campaign. The posttest will be based on before and after the implementation of the educational campaign. In the prevention of the second type in smoking students, the salivary cotinine levels of smoking students will be measured and comparisons will be made before and after educational using appropriate statistical tests.

RESULTS:

The present study addresses the needs and strategies for smoking prevention using a training campaign based on the PMT and web .

CONCLUSION:

Designing a campaign which will lead to smoking preventive behaviors causes lifestyle changes, prevent health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases, reduce treatment costs, and increase life expectancy.
Application of health education and promotion theory-based interventions on patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mohebbi Bahram , Sabouri Maryam , Tol Azar
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Adopting healthy behaviors can lead to better outcomes which can deeply impact cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) development; consequently, tailoring appropriate theory-based interventions may improve various outcomes among patients at CV risks. This study aimed to assess published researches on the application of health education and promotion of intrapersonal and interpersonal theories/models’ interventions on patients with CVD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and SID, Magiran databases for English and Persian studies were searched using relevant keywords, respectively. We searched for interventional studies published with no time limits until the end of 2020 assessing the application of health education and promotion theories/models interventions on adult patients with CVDs. Two reviewers individually reviewed abstracts/full-text articles to assess inclusion according to predefined criteria. In case of discrepancy between the two researchers, a third expert was requested to assess papers, and final selection decision was made based on the agreement among the three evaluators. This systematic review was conducted using the following data extraction steps and assessing the quality of the studies and results.

RESULTS:

From 60 articles, 35 studies met inclusion criteria. Most interventions improved at least some educational including models constructs (20%), clinical (14.2%), and practical (88.5%) outcome related to CVDs. It is noted that attention to educational, practical, and clinical outcomes was focused in published papers, respectively. Furthermore, based on the study categorization using models, some CVDs and theories/models were more concerned compared to others.

CONCLUSIONS:

Health education and promotion theory-based interventions on patients with CVD appeared beneficial in the most published paper.
Depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors among dental students of Neo-state capital region in India
Authors: Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Anirudh G. , Kothia Nandita Rani , Shaik Parveen Sultana , Priya K. Krishna , Yaddanapalli Suresh Chand
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The challenges of dental education place students at high risk of stress. Because dental education is a highly demanding and challenging course, placing heavy demands on the mental resources of the students, making them vulnerable to high levels of stress, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors in dental students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on a convenience sample of 388 dental students in a teaching dental institution. Data were collected using standard, prevalidated, self-administered questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised [SBQ-R]). Analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were performed.

RESULTS:

At least half of the students were in major depression with different levels of severity. When students from different years were analyzed, majority from each year fell under II and III categories (P < 0.001). Most of the students reported that they do not have any suicidal ideation or behavior (SBQ-R). Nearly 16% of the students either presented the threat of suicidal attempt or likelihood of suicidal behavior in future. Almost 13% of the dental students thought of killing themselves in the past year for at least two times. Around 16% of them expressed to someone about their thought of committing suicide.

CONCLUSION:

Even though depression and suicidal tendencies were not prominent in dental students, there is a need to shed light on those who responded positively and take necessary reforms to relieve academic stress.
Competence in providing spiritual care and its relationship with spiritual well-being among Iranian nurses
Authors: Jafari Mojtaba , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Competence in providing spiritual care to patients has become an increasingly important aspect of nursing care delivery. However, studies on nurses’ competence in spiritual care delivery and the factors affecting it are very limited. The present study was conducted to evaluate Iranian nurses’ competence in providing spiritual care and its relationship with their Spiritual Well-Being.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study is descriptive-analytical research conducted in Bam in the south of Iran between 2016 and 2017. All nurses working in the teaching hospitals affiliated with Bam University of Medical Sciences were invited to participate in the study. For data collection, the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) were used. Collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA with SPSS software.

RESULTS:

In this study, 158 nurses were participated. The result showed that the mean score SCCS and SWBS were 101 ± 12.6, 76.92 ± 13.4, respectively. Pearson correlation test showed a significant and direct relationship between the mean score of SCCS and SWBS (P = 0.001, r = 0.264). The results of this test also showed a significant relationship between all the dimensions of SCCS and SWBS (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, the nurses had a relatively appropriate competence in providing spiritual care to patients. There was also a significant relationship between the nurses’ spiritual care competency and their spiritual well-being. Given the lack of adequate studies in spiritual care delivery competencies, it is recommended that similar studies are conducted among nurses in other parts of the country and worldwide.
Utilizing social media platforms to promote mental health awareness and help seeking in underserved communities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alonzo Dana , Popescu Marciana
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 virus has resulted in significant psychological distress for many individuals, particularly, those in underserved communities. Social media have the potential to be one of the most effective tools for mental health campaigns, reaching wide audiences in the shortest amount of time. In this paper, the potential of harnessing social media platforms to address mental health needs in underserved populations is presented. In addition, description of the preliminary implementation of a social media mental health campaign, the 5 × 5 campaign, is described as an example of the feasibility and benefits of such efforts. Key implications gleaned from the implementation process are also presented.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Utilizing a participatory approach, the 5 × 5 campaign aimed to improve recognition of mental health symptoms, promote help seeking, and provide immediate strategies for self-care for individuals experiencing psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in low-income, high-risk communities in and around Guatemala City. Campaign content was promoted on Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp from April 2020 to June 2020.

RESULTS:

Preliminary analysis of the 5 × 5 campaign demonstrated feasibility and substantial impact with over 84,000 individuals reached by the campaigns through initial messaging and shares.

CONCLUSION:

The 5 × 5 highlights the feasibility of using social media campaigns for mental health promotion and key factors that should be incorporated in the planning of social media mental health campaigns aimed at promoting awareness, engaging underserved communities, and encouraging help seeking.
Enhanced learning strategies of undergraduate medical students with a structured case presentation format
Authors: Lehl Sarabmeet Singh , Gupta Monica , D’Cruz Sanjay
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Improvement of the learning in undergraduate bedside teaching needs to be promoted through innovative interventions. Changes in the structured format (SF) for bedside case discussion may help students improve their learning experience and gain insights into collaborative self-directed learning. The aim of the present study was to encourage collaborative and self-directed learning strategies by MBBS undergraduate students through a new case presentation format structured for this purpose.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was an interventional study carried out in the year 2010–2011. A new SF for bedside cases presentation was developed. A comparison with the traditional format was done by holding one session in each format. Uniformity of topic and teaching style was ensured by having the sessions on pulmonary medicine cases with the same teacher. The student perspective of the educational process was analyzed using evaluation pro forma, Likert scale, and narratives.

RESULTS:

Ninety final year and prefinal year MBBS students participated in this study. There was significantly higher participation in history taking (50.7%) and clinical examination (60%) in the SF. A higher statistically significant number of clinical possibilities were considered in the SF (85.3% vs. 66.6%). Similarly, significantly higher number of students indulged in self-directed learning and referred to learning resources in the SF. The SF provided students an active role (96.9%), encouraged access to resources (93.9%), and control of learning (75.7%). The additional interactive session was productive (90.9%), discussions were streamlined (66.6%), and the role of a teacher was considered important (75.7%).

CONCLUSION:

The SF generated higher participation in the aspects of history taking, clinical examination, and consideration of differential diagnoses. It led to a perceived improvement in self-directed and collaborative learning among students.
Contributions of the health-promoting universities’ movement
Authors: Faria Magda Guimarães de Araujo , Fernandes Renan Carvalho , Gallasch Cristiane Helena , Alves Luciana Valadão Vasconcelos
Published: April 2024

The objective was to identify the existing links between the conceptual proposal of the movement of health-promoting universities (HPU) and the activities carried out to increase the health of workers in higher education institutions. An integrative literature review was conducted in October 2020 in the following databases: LILACS, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, and CINAHL and with the Boolean phrase citing, University AND “health promotion.” In the initial review, 5351 studies were found, and after removing the repetitions, applying the inclusion criteria, and making the qualitative analysis, a sample of 9 articles was obtained. For the construction of the flowchart with the representation of the eligibility and inclusion of the articles, the PRISMA model was use. The findings were analyzed with the theoretical and conceptual support of the movement of HPU, which made it possible to establish the construction of three categories, to quote: full provision of social, medical, and health services; creating a favorable health environment on campus; and development of health education actions. The movement of HPU is relevant to the contemporary world; however, initiatives to incorporate these practices are still scarce, creating a gap between expectations and reality.
Backpack improper use causes musculoskeletal injuries in adolescents
Authors: Toghroli Razie , Reisy Leila , Mansourian Morteza , Azar Farbod Ebadi Fard , Ziapour Arash , Mehedi Nafiul , NeJhaddadgar Nazila
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

This research is one of the very few studies, which seeks a focalized examination to observe the effects of the backpack on the teenager students. Adolescents prefer rucksacks as one of their favorite school bags during their school studies. This study inspects how knapsacks gradually bring changes as injuries in the bodies of school-going adolescents. There are ample studies in the past literature, which evidence the injuries of backpack among adolescents, such as backache, neck pain, and shoulder pain. The principal objective of this study is to determine the effects of backpacks on musculoskeletal injuries among school-going adolescents based on previous studies support in this research field.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This review study selected observational studies from the past literature indexed in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL during 1999–2020. This review focused on the keywords of “Backpack,” “Musculoskeletal Injuries,” and “Adolescent” from MESH and selected 14 out of 210 articles based on the research objective. According to the Crombie Checklist, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and investigating the quality of the report, this review focused on literature evidence to the field under investigation.

RESULTS:

Based on the chosen 14 articles, the findings of the present review indicated two outcomes by considering the impact of the backpack on musculoskeletal injuries and pains among adolescents. The results of the review studies specified that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and pain using a backpack among most of the male and female adolescents. The findings also stipulate that injuries and pain intensity among female adolescents were higher than the male students.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this review study specified that improper use of the backpack, which exceeded the standard weight, caused chorionic pain and injuries between both genders of adolescents. The generalizability of the results is suitable for this review study.
Determinants of mammography screening in Tehranian women in 2018 based on the health belief model
Authors: Rezaeimanesh Masoumeh , Solhi Mahnaz , Azar Farbod Ebadi Fard , Sajjadi Homeira , Rafiey Hassan , Nejad Farhad Nosrati , Gharehghani Mohammad Ali Mohammadi , Najafi Marzieh , Hosseini Sayedeh Mahboobeh , Karimi Salah Eddin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Mammography is the most sensitive and important method for screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer. Considering the importance of using mammography in breast cancer screening, this study was performed to evaluate mammographic determinants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In the cross-sectional study, we surveyed 985 women over 40 years in Tehran concerning demographic characteristics: age, socioeconomic status, a problem in the breast, alcohol use, drug use, and health belief model. Logistic regression was used to identify determinant factors associated with mammography performance.

RESULTS:

The results of this study showed that 42.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38, 45) participant performed mammography at least once during their lifetime. Age (odds ratio [OR] = 4.252; 95% CI = 2.041–8.857); housing situation (OR = 1.706; 95% CI = 1.178–2.469); having breast problems (OR = 5.224; 95% CI = 3.501–7.795); socioeconomic status (OR = 1.855; 95% CI = 1.035–3.325); family income level (OR = 1.998; 95% CI = 1.028–3.884); alcohol consumption (OR = 2.676; 95% CI = 1.344–5.328); smoking (OR = 2.824; 95% CI = 1.418–5.623); self-efficacy (OR = 1.935; 95% CI = 1.242–3.015); perceived barriers (OR = 2.017; 95% CI = 1.348–3.019); self-care (OR = 4.901; 95% CI = 3.152–7.620); perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.971; 95% CI = 1.271–3.057) and perceived severity (OR = 1.830; 95% CI = 1.170–2.860) were mammography behaviors determinants.

CONCLUSION:

The findings indicated that the rate of mammography screening among Tehranian women is low and highlights the need for developing a comprehensive national breast cancer control program, which should be considered as the priority for health-care providers. Furthermore, the identification of these factors can help to design an appropriate educational intervention that focuses on the benefits of mammography screening.
Psychological distress Management in Iranian emergency prehospital providers
Authors: Azizi Maryam , Bidaki Reza , Ebadi Abbas , Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas , Tafti Abbasali Dehghani , Hajebi Ahmad , Alizadeh Azizeh , Khankeh Hamid Reza
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Emergency prehospital providers (EPHP) who are constantly providing medical care in threatening conditions are more at risk of displaying psychological distress presentations in disaster situations. Problem-solving strategies are essential for effective and efficient management of event position. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore psychological distress promotion in Iranian EPHP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A qualitative content analysis study was conducted based on 24 semi-structured interviews. A purposeful sampling method was applied until reaching data saturation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and then, data condensing, labeling, coding, and defining categories were performed by the qualitative content analysis recommended by the Landman and Graneheim approach.

RESULTS:

Based on the experience of study participants, two main themes with six categories developed. The main themes included emotion-based management and problem-based management when confronting with incidence scene.

CONCLUSION:

The main problems of EPHP in confronting with incidence and disasters scenes are psychological distress which some rescuers have emotional reactions while some others who are more resilience and experience manage this problem in the form of problem-based approach. It is recommended these practical strategies to be taught to less experienced rescuers for avoiding emotional-based reactions and better management of disaster scene.
Student support system for medical undergraduates
Authors: Vimal Mourouguessine , Dongre Amol Rambhau , Nishanthi Anandabaskar , Kagne Rajendrakumar Nivaratirao
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The demands and learning challenges in medical schools are not efficiently overcome by all learners. Despite the gravity of the problem, there is a dearth of studies to identify, define, and address the needs of learners. Thus, the present study was designed to do a situational analysis to identify and define the problems of learners and to develop a model for student support system in our institution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A phenomenological type of qualitative research was undertaken. One-to-one in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted, 10 each among undergraduate medical students, faculties and parents (n = 30) to understand the problems of students and their suggested solutions from each one's perspective. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and manual thematic analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

Manual thematic analysis of the transcripts yielded 16 subcategories and 7 categories. The various categories that emerged are (1) curriculum related; (2) interpersonal adjustment problems; (3) personal issues and family problems; (4) cognitive learning disabilities; (5) poor organizational skills; (6) students’ lack of motivation; and (7) miscellaneous. Based on the problems and their suggested solutions, a model for the essential components of a student support system for our college was developed. It outlines the principal roles of four key stakeholders, namely students, faculties, parents, and college administration.

CONCLUSION:

It has been found that students face various academic problems, personal, interpersonal and family level issues. We developed the support system model suitable for our context. In future, it may be implemented and evaluated to check if it achieves the desired purpose.
Determining the relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity with quality of work life in nurses
Authors: Tajigharajeh Saeed , Safari Mehdi , Abadi Tahere Sarboozi Hosein , Abadi Shoaib Sarboozi Hosein , Kargar Mehdi , Panahi Mahmoud , Hasani Mahdi , Ghaedchukamei Zeinab
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity are known as important nursing skills. They have significant role in the promotion of nurses working life and the health care which they provide. The goal of this study was the determination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity with quality of work life in nurses working in governmental hospitals of Tehran city in 2019.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This investigation was a descriptive-analytical and correlation study which was conducted among 256 nurses working in five governmental hospitals in Tehran. The studied nurses were selected through in access sampling method. The instruments of research included demographic, emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life quality questionnaires. The analysis of data was done by descriptive and deductive statistics (t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient) and also SPSS.

RESULTS:

The conditions of emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life quality of nurses were, in turn, in average, severe, and weak levels. The correlation between emotional intelligence and work life quality of nurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.311). The relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and work life quality of nurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were negatively correlated with each other (r = −0.43).

CONCLUSION:

The development of emotional intelligence and sensitivity in reciprocally interpersonal relations of nurses lead to fundamental changes in nurses’ attitude toward themselves, their colleagues, patients and their profession and can promote their work life quality. Therefore, these two skills are necessary for nurses and they should be taken into consideration by nursing schools, faculty members, instructors, and nursing managers.
Emotional distress and psychiatric drug use among students in an Italian medical school
Authors: Carletto Sara , Miniotti Marco , Persico Alberto , Leombruni Paolo
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Previous studies have reported that medical students show high rates of depression, anxiety, and stress levels, but mixed findings were found regarding possible differences between gender and different years of medical training. This study evaluated depression, anxiety, and stress levels and psychiatric drug use in students in an Italian medical school and investigated the differences between gender and year of study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study included 694 medical students in their 1st (n = 286), 4th (n = 209), and 6th (n = 199) year of study. The questionnaire included demographic information, self-report questionnaires regarding depression, anxiety, and stress, and questions about psychiatric drug use. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/Ver 22 through descriptive and analytic statistics, including Mann–Whitney U-test, Fisher's exact test, and GLM two-way ANOVA.

RESULTS:

Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were reported by 365 (52.6%), 428 (61.7%), and 545 (78.5%) medical students, respectively. Female students in their 4th year of study reported higher depression levels than males of the same year (P = 0.004), whereas levels of anxiety were higher in 6th-year female students compared with those in their 1st and 4th years (P = 0.001; P = 0.025). Stress levels were consistently higher in females than in males for all 3 years (1st year: P = 0.041; 4th year: P < 0.001; 6th year: P = 0.004). No gender differences were found in the use of psychiatric and stimulant drugs.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting the importance of planning interventions aimed at reducing emotional distress among medical students that should be targeted on gender and year of the study.
Effectiveness of the game-based learning over traditional teaching–learning strategy to instruct pharmacology for Phase II medical students
Authors: Gudadappanavar Anupama M. , Benni Jyoti M. , Javali Shivalingappa B.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Game-based education is fast becoming an innovative teaching approach in the field of medical education. Traditional review sessions (tutorials) are mainly focused on instructor-based learning and they help to review concepts previously taught in the lecture class. The primary objective was to evaluate the cognitive learning of students in game based learning (GBL) as compared to the conventional review sessions. The secondary objectives were to assess the perception and feedback of students regarding GBL and conventional review sessions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An interventional GBL study was designed for 2nd year MBBS students. The enrolled students were randomly assigned to either tutorial (Group A) or GBL (Group B), and informed consent was obtained. Group B students were further divided into smaller groups, and for Group A, the traditional tutorial method was followed. For both the groups, a multiple choice question (MCQ) pre-test and post-test was conducted on the selected topics. A total of 15 MCQs with gradually increasing difficulty were used in the GBL. For each group of students, one student would be on hot seat by answering the questions and then continued the game. Lifelines were provided.

RESULTS:

From the pretest and posttest scores, students performed better in Group B (39.53%) than Group A (18.43%) with respect to the knowledge score, and the difference was statistically significant. Students’ perception and feedback regarding GBL were very enthusiastic and promising than the tutorial group. Largely, students commented that GBL was unique, active participation, fun, and novel learning style.

CONCLUSIONS:

GBL is a student-centered learning and showed more effective than the traditional tutorials in understanding the topic and was more enjoyable by students.
Relationship between physical activity, academic achievement, gender, and learning styles in students of a Latin American Dental School
Authors: Ardila Carlos Martín , Gómez-Restrepo Ángela María
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Little is known about the inference that physical activity (PA) may have on academic performance and learning styles of Latin American dental students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study, an administrative dataset and a voluntary university characterization provided information about PA and academic performance. Moreover, 218 dental students of the University of Antioquia in Colombia completed a structured questionnaire to identify their learning styles. To analyze the information obtained a Pearson correlation, and logistic and linear regression models were implemented.

RESULTS:

A total of 131 (60%) students informed being physically active (PA group), and 87 (40%) did not report PA (non-PA group). The results showed a high-grade point average (GPA) in the PA group (P= 0.01). The PA group showed a preference for the theorist and pragmatist learning styles with statistically significant differences between the groups (P= 0.004 andP< 0.0001, respectively). It was also observed a statistically significant Pearson positive correlation between the theorist style and higher GPA (r= 0.15;P= 0.04). The multivariate regression model showed that PA protects against lower means of GPA (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.7,P= 0.01). Furthermore, the adjusted linear regression models also showed that PA protects against lower means of the theorist (β= −0.15; 95% CI: −0.02 to − 0.002,P= 0.002) and pragmatist styles (β= −0.18; 95% CI: −0.03 to − 0.006,P= 0.0006). Interestingly, men were statistically significant in all multivariable models.

DISCUSSION:

This study suggests that PA is associated with higher academic performance and the theorist and pragmatist styles. Male students were also more physically active; therefore, it is relevant to establish strategies to stimulate physical activities in dental students, especially in women, including extracurricular activities.
Assessment of barriers and motivators to online learning among medical undergraduates of Punjab
Authors: Kaur Harjot , Singh Amandeep , Mahajan Sanjeev , Lal Mohan , Singh Gagandeep , Kaur Prabhjot
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The current corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the disruption of academic activities including medical education which has made online learning only available options for continuing education worldwide. Online learning has its own limitations, which are further amplified if not implemented properly. Hence, there is a need to assess various barriers faced in the implementation of effective online learning.

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of the study was to identify the barriers and motivators in online learning among medical undergraduates.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

This internet-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical undergraduates of Punjab. The data collection tool was a semi-structured self-made questionnaire prepared using “Google Forms,” which was then circulated in the WhatsApp groups of the students. Received responses were imported to the Microsoft Excel sheet and statistical analysis was done.

RESULTS:

Out of the 592 participants, 533 (90%) faced some kind of problem in online learning. Major among them were lack of personal interaction with teachers (52%), distractions at home (43.6%), technology failure (43.2%), limited access to the Internet (39.2%), visual fatigue (38.5%), and increased workload (25%). Benefits perceived were the comfortable environment of home (41%), easy accessibility of recorded lectures (36.8%), and the opportunity to keep in touch with studies (35%).

CONCLUSIONS:

The online learning process is not a replacement for routine classroom teaching and clinical postings in medical education. However, it can supplement routine teaching, especially during current COVID-19 pandemic-like situations. Most of the students (90%) were facing some kind of difficulty in the online learning process due to unplanned and sudden shifts. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the various barriers to make online learning effective.