bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated deterministic–stochastic approach for forecasting the long-term trajectories of COVID-19
Authors: Ghosh Indrajit , Chakraborty Tanujit
Published: January 2021

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the major health emergencies in decades that affected almost every country in the world. As of June 30, 2020, it has caused an outbreak with more than 10 million confirmed infections, and more than 500,000 reported deaths globally. Due to the unavailability of an effective treatment (or vaccine) and insufficient evidence regarding the transmission mechanism of the epidemic, the world population is currently in a vulnerable position. The daily cases data sets of COVID-19 for profoundly affected countries represent a stochastic process comprised of deterministic and stochastic components. This study proposes an integrated deterministic–stochastic approach to forecast the long-term trajectories of the COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain. The deterministic component of the daily-cases univariate time series is assessed by an extended version of the SIR [Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Protected–Isolated (SIRCX)] model, whereas its stochastic component is modeled using an autoregressive (AR) time series model. The proposed integrated SIRCX-AR (ISA) approach based on two operationally distinct modeling paradigms utilizes the superiority of both the deterministic SIRCX and stochastic AR models to find the long-term trajectories of the epidemic curves. Experimental analysis based on the proposed ISA model shows significant improvement in the long-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain in comparison to the ODE-based SIRCX model. The estimated Basic reproduction numbers for Italy and Spain based on SIRCX model are found to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. ISA model-based results reveal that the number of cases in Italy and Spain between 11 May, 2020–9 June, 2020 will be 10,982 (6383–15,582) and 13,731 (3395–29,013), respectively. Additionally, the expected number of daily cases on 9 July, 2020 for Italy and Spain is estimated to be 30 (0–183) and 92 (0–602), respectively.
Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of tap waters in France
Authors: Daux Valérie , Minster B. , Cauquoin A. , Jossoud O. , Werner M. , Landais A.
Published: January 2021

The isotopic compositions of oxygen (
δ
18
O) and hydrogen (
δ
2
H) are widely used to locate the geographical origin of biological remains or manufactured products. In this paper, we analyse the distributions of
δ
18
O and
δ
2
H in tap waters sampled across France, and in precipitation interpolated with the Online Isotopes in Precipitation Calculator and modelled with the isotope-enabled ECHAM6-wiso model. Our aim is to provide isoscapes usable in archaeology and forensics and evaluate whether the modelled data could be surrogates for measured ones. The
δ
18
O and
δ
2
H in the 396 tap waters sampled varied spatially within a range of 10‰ and 77‰, respectively. Their consistent distributions followed rules summarized by the effects of altitude and distance from the coast. Their variations along the year were small. Therefore, the database provides a solid reference for
δ
18
O and
δ
2
H of the water supply system at the regional scale. The areas with the most uncommon oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (Atlantic coast south of Brittany and the highest elevations in the Alps) are the most accurately traceable areas in provenancing studies. The isotopic compositions of modelled precipitation have the same spatial distributions but different absolute values from those of tap waters. Therefore, our results favour the use of statistical isoscapes rather than general circulation model-based isoscapes in provenancing studies.
Deep Entity Matching
Authors: Li Yuliang , Li Jinfeng , Suhara Yoshihiko , Wang Jin , Hirota Wataru , Tan Wang-Chiew
Published: January 2021

Entity matching refers to the task of determining whether two different representations refer to the same real-world entity. It continues to be a prevalent problem for many organizations where data resides in different sources and duplicates the need to be identified and managed. The term “entity matching” also loosely refers to the broader problem of determining whether two heterogeneous representations ofdifferent entitiesshould be associated together. This problem has an even wider scope of applications, from determining the subsidiaries of companies to matching jobs to job seekers, which has impactful consequences.

In this article, we first report our recent system DITTO, which is an example of a modern entity matching system based on pretrained language models. Then we summarize recent solutions in applying deep learning and pre-trained language models for solving the entity matching task. Finally, we discuss research directions beyond entity matching, including the promise of synergistically integrating blocking and entity matching steps together, the need to examine methods to alleviate steep training data requirements that are typical of deep learning or pre-trained language models, and the importance of generalizing entity matching solutions to handle the broader entity matching problem, which leads to an even more pressing need to explain matching outcomes.
Highly Efficient Defluoridation of Water through Reusable poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) Copolymer Modified Electrode Using Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Unal Asuman , Hillman A. Robert , Ryder Karl S. , Cihangir Salih
Published: January 2021

Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a limit of 1.5 mg l−1 fluoride ions in drinking water, this is not satisfied in many parts of the world. When this limit is exceeded, the electrochemically switched ion-exchange (ESIX) technique (mainly based on conductive polymers) has been identified as a promising method for removing the excess fluoride ions. The present study aimed to develop an efficient method based on the ESIX technique by using poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) copolymer to extract fluoride ions. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and acoustic admittance data were utilized to assay the synthetic efficiency of copolymer deposition, and to evaluate the dependence of the defluoridation process on the proportions of the monomers in the copolymer matrix and on film thickness. The resulting films were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SEM) techniques. For optimized co-monomer ratio in the feedstock, poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) at an applied potential of 0.30 V showed excellent performance for fluoride removal from water at pH 6.6, to the extent of 20 (mg F−) (g polymer)−1. Comparison of the performance of ESIX using poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) with that of other techniques and materials reveal that it has significant potential for water defluoridation.
Review—A Pollutant Gas Sensor Based On Fe3O4 Nanostructures: A Review
Authors: Siregar Juliandi , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Abrori Syauqi Abdurrahman , Sebayang Kerista , Irzaman  , Fahmi Mochammad Zakki , Humaidi Syahrul , Sembiring Timbangen , Sembiring Kurnia , Yuliarto Brian
Published: January 2021

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanostructures and their modifications with other materials show proper characteristics to be implemented as a sensing material. This paper provides a brief review of the application of the Fe3O4 nanostructures and their modifications as sensitive material for pollutant gas sensors. Several studies were highlighted to explain the past-to-present progress of materials development. Various synthesis procedures of the materials were also clearly explained. The application of pure Fe3O4 nanostructures and their modification as sensitive materials in gas sensor devices to detect toxic gases is the main section of this paper. Last, the future prospects section summarized the materials’ development and provided a suggestion for future development.
Robust Control Design for an Uncertain Macroeconomic Dynamical System with Unknown Characteristics and Inequality Control Constraint
Authors: Xie Xiaorui , Chen Ye-Hwa
Published: January 2021

The stabilization problem of a macroeconomic dynamical system is considered in this paper. The main features of this system are that the system uncertainties may be unknown functions of state and time but with known bounds. Furthermore, the control inputs are subject to constraints, which is a salient feature in an economic control problem. To ensure that the controls are within the specified boundaries, in our control design procedure, a creative diffeomorphism, which converts bounded controls into unbounded corresponding signals by choosing an appropriate transformation function, is proposed. For the uncertain system, a deterministic robust control is designed to render the practical stability: uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness. The range of the input bounds is related to the uncertainties and can be designed according to the actual situation. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the stabilization policy.
T Cells Expanded from PD-1+ Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Share More Clones with Paired Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Authors: Li Tiepeng , Zhao Lingdi , Yang Yonghao , Wang Yao , Zhang Yong , Guo Jindong , Chen Guangyu , Qin Peng , Xu Benling , Ma Baozhen , Zhang Fang , Shang Yiman , Li Qingjun , Zhang Kai , Yuan Dongfeng , Feng Chaojie , Ma Yan , Liu Zhiyong , Tian Zhichao , Li Hongle , Wang Shengdian , Gao Quanli
Published: January 2021

Both tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-1+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are enriched for tumor-reactive clones recognizing known and unknown tumor antigens. However, the relationship between the T-cell receptor-β (TCRβ) repertoires of the TILs and T cells expanded from paired PD-1+ PBLs, and whether T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs can be used to treat patients with cancer as TIL substitutes remain unclear. Here, we established a highly efficient protocol to prepare polyclonal T cells from PD-1+ PBLs. A functional T-cell assay and tetramer staining revealed that cells from PD-1+ PBLs were relatively enriched for tumor-reactive T cells. Furthermore, deep TCRβ sequencing data revealed that an average of 11.29% (1.32%–29.06%; P = 0.015; n = 8) tumor-resident clonotypes were found in T cells expanded from paired PD-1+ PBLs, and the mean accumulated frequency of TIL clones found in T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs was 35.11% (7.23%–78.02%; P = 0.017; n = 8). Moreover, treatment of four patients, who failed multiline therapy and developed acquired resistance to anti-PD-1, with autologous T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs combined with anti-PD-1 antibody elicited objective responses from three of them. These results indicate that T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs share more clones with paired TILs and could be used to treat patients with cancer as TIL substitutes.

Significance:

This study harnesses the tumor reactivity of PD-1+ PBLs, developing a method to expand T cells from these clones as a potential therapeutic strategy and TIL substitute in patients with cancer.

See related commentary by Ladle, p. 1940
Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Biologika bei Psoriasis und Psoriasis-Arthritis und ihre Auswirkungen auf Komorbiditäten: eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Kamata Masahiro , Yayoi Tada
Published: January 2021

Die Psoriasis ist eine chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die durch ein schuppiges, induriertes Erythem gekennzeichnet ist und erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität der Patienten hat. Sie ist nicht nur als Hautkrankheit, sondern als Systemerkrankung anerkannt, da sie auch Gelenkentzündungen (Psoriasis-Arthritis) und psychische Störungen verursacht. Darüber hinaus liegen Hinweise vor, nach denen ein Zusammenhang mit kardiovaskulären Ereignissen besteht. Das Aufkommen von Biologika, die eine hohe Wirksamkeit und vertretbare Sicherheit aufweisen, hat die Behandlung der Psoriasis stark verändert. Heutzutage steht eine Vielzahl biologischer Wirkstoffe für die Behandlung der Psoriasis zur Verfügung. Diese unterscheiden sich allerdings in Merkmalen wie Schnelligkeit des Wirkungseintritts, Langzeitwirksamkeit, Sicherheitsprofil und Auswirkungen auf Komorbiditäten. Ein besseres Verständnis dieser Charakteristika ermöglicht die richtige Auswahl für den jeweiligen Patienten und führt zu einer höheren Persistenz, längerer Therapieadhärenz, höherer Patientenzufriedenheit und geringeren negativen Auswirkungen der Krankheit. In der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt der Fokus auf dem Wirksamkeits- und Sicherheitsprofil von Biologika bei Patienten mit Psoriasis, einschließlich Plaque-Psoriasis und Psoriasis-Arthritis. Ferner erörtern wir den Einfluss von Biologika auf die durch Psoriasis verursachten Komorbiditäten.
The LSTM technique for demand forecasting of e-procurement in the hospitality industry in the UAE
Authors: Mathew Elezabeth , Abdulla Sherief
Published: January 2021

The hospitality industry is growing at a faster pace across the world which has resulted in the accumulation of a huge amount of data in terms of employee details, property details, purchase details, vendor details, and so on. The industry is yet to fully benefit from these big data by applying ML and AI. The data has not been fully investigated for decision-making or revenue/budget forecasting. In this research data is collected from a chain hotel for advanced predictive analytics. Descriptive and diagnostic analytics is done to an extent across the hotel industry, whereas predictive and prescriptive analysis is done rarely. Demand forecasting for spend and quantity is done using the LSTM technique in e-procurement within the hospitality industry in the UAE. Five years of historical data from a chain hotel in the UAE is used for deep learning in this study. The results confirm the ability of LSTM model to predict e-procurement spend and order forecast for six months. LSTM time series analysis is considered the most suitable technique for demand forecasting to optimize e-procurement.
Fuzzy type 1 PID controllers design for TCP/AQM wireless networks
Authors: Oudah Manal Kadhim , Sulttan Mohammed Qasim , Shneen Salam Waley
Published: January 2021

The search of FLC_PID controller for TCP/AQM Wireless Networks, to deal with congestion for Internet users and to get good performance and capabilities of TCP / IP networks. Neglect of controlling the network delay and the number of continuous users that leads to a problem in the transmission process. Recently, automatic control units are adapted to solve this problem with the difficulty of controlling congestion in the presence of wireless links. This modest research presents one of the traditional PID controller methods with fuzzy logic so that wireless networks and congestion can be controlled by various configurations. The proposed methods were simulated with the required comparisons in the adoption of nonlinear systems to determine the best performance and it was found that the use of the Fuzzy logic control can achieve the best performance (reducing the delay time of delivering packets and packets loss). The simulation of the current work shows through its results the possibility of controlling the behavior of the system and through testing the balance when changed with time delay through the impact of communication time and its relationship with the stability of the work of the system.
A modified fractal texture image analysis based on grayscale morphology for multi-model views in MR Brain
Authors: R Usha , K Perumal
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a modified fractal texture feature analysis with the use of grayscale image morphology for automatic image classification of different views in MR brain images into normal and abnormal. This main contribution of this approach is a reduction of the total number of a threshold value, and the number of image decomposition, in which only the number of extract threshold value two or three are enough for tumor region extraction - compared to four or more is required in the previous method of SFTA (segmentation based fractal texture analysis). This is achieved by pre-processing of hierarchical transformation technique (HTT), which make use of morphological image transformations with the desired structural element. From this decomposed images, mean, area, fractal dimension and selective shape features are extracted and fed into KNN and ensemble bagged tree classifiers. Finally, some of the post-processing is handled for tumor region extraction and tumor cells computation. It is found that this proposed approach has superior results in the segmentation of diseased tissue from normal tissue and the prediction of image classes in terms of accuracy with the less number of threshold extraction and image decomposition rather than the SFTA algorithm.
A novel branch current flow-based construction of microgrids
Authors: Sivakumar Kavitha , R Jayashree , Danasagaran Karthikeyan
Published: January 2021

An efficient procedure for defining the boundaries of microgrids in smart distribution systems during distributed generation expansion planning becomes an important consideration in constructing smart grids. A novel approach named "Modified Reverse Current Flow Method" is proposed in this paper to split a large radial distribution system into a required number of self-adequate microgrids. This cluster of microgrids will be capable of utilizing maximum power output of the distributed renewable energy generators and will act as highly reliable zones, during both islanded and grid-connected modes. This method is based on the trend reversal of the flow of current in the various parts of the circuit. This paper uses the practical machine operating curves of the distributed generators to calculate their reactive power output. For the considered distribution system, the proposed method is applied to find the optimal point of operation and the boundaries of microgrids. To bring out the superiority of this novel method, the improvement in reliability indices and economic savings of this method are compared with the results obtained using a similar method available in the literature. This method has several notable merits, namely, increased accuracy in the calculation of annual energy losses and the voltage profile. 
Real time model of a lock gate system upon fingerprint with microcontroller
Authors: Jasem Mahammad Maath , Al Mashhadany Yousif , Mohammad Eyada Abdulkader
Published: January 2021

Safety is one of the most important things that we are keen to provide all aspects of our lives. Keyless lock gate with fingerprint access has many advantages over traditional systems such as passwords. Therefore, fingerprint identification represents the main part, which require that system is cheap, practical, easy to use and allows fast and securely. This paper discusses the design and implementation with real time model of a practical lock gate system for the achievement of high security by using fingerprint purification to control the mechanism of opening doors in banks, warehouses, laboratories and places of interest. In this paper, the microcontroller technology in the Ardonio board was used with an optical sensor to take the fingerprint, convert it into digital data, and insert it into a definition window to unify all input data and store it for use when compared to the system experience. After obtaining the result of the comparison, the appropriate commands are prepared for operating the servo of the lock mechanism for the doors used. In the testing of the system, the results are very accurate. The system also has other advantages such as small size and low power required for operation and ease of use. 
Predicting RNA-seq data using genetic algorithm and ensemble classification algorithms
Authors: Arowolo Micheal Olaolu , O. Adebiyi Marion , A. Adebiyi Ayodele , J. Okesola Olatunji
Published: January 2021

Malaria parasites accept uncertain, inconsistent life span breeding through vectors of mosquitoes stratospheres. Thousands of different transcriptome parasites exist. A prevalent ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) technique for gene expression has brought about enhanced identifications of genetical queries. Computation of RNA-seq gene expression data transcripts requires enhancements using analytical machine learning procedures. Numerous learning approaches have been adopted for analyzing and enhancing the performance of biological data and machines. In this study, a genetic algorithm dimensionality reduction technique is proposed to fetch relevant information from a huge dimensional RNA-seq dataset, and classification uses Ensemble classification algorithms. The experiment is performed using a mosquito Anopheles gambiae dataset with a classification accuracy of 81.7% and 88.3%.
Solving combined economic emission dispatch problem in wind integrated power systems
Authors: Salkuti Surender Reddy
Published: January 2021

A meta-heuristic based optimization method for solving combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) problem for the power system with thermal and wind energy generating units is proposed in this paper. Wind energy is environmentally friendly and abundantly available, but the intermittency and variability of wind power affects the system operation. Therefore, the system operator (SO) must aware of wind forecast uncertainty and dispatch the wind power accordingly. Here, the CEED problem is solved by including the nonlinear characteristics of thermal generators, and the stochastic behavior of wind generators. The stochastic nature of wind generators is handled by using probability distribution analysis. The purpose of this CEED problem is to optimize fuel cost and emission levels simultaneously. The proposed problem is changed into a single objective optimization problem by using weighted sum approach. The proposed problem is solved by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The feasibility of proposed methodology is demonstrated on six generator power system, and the obtained results using the PSO approach are compared with results obtained from genetic algorithm (GA) and enhanced genetic algorithms (EGA).
Working memory enhancement during early childhood based on the utilization of interactive gesture game-based learning technique
Authors: Lakshmi D. , Ponnusamy Ponnusamy
Published: January 2021

The use of human computer interaction is considered to be the most culturally and socially meritorious for the learning and playing activities of children. In this paper, a human interaction recognition system (HIRS) that includes gesture game-based learning is investigated for identifying its suitability and applicability in stimulation of working memory and primitive mathematical skills among the children in the early childhood period that ranges from 5 and 8 years.  In the proposed human interaction recognition system, the hand gestures are facilitated by the user for the objective of controlling the computer system based on the information extracted from the user gestures.This proposed research was implemented in three phases using a quasi-experimental design that in turn incorporates pre-test and post-test for investigating the behavior of experimental and control group considered from the respondents. In the first phase, the initial evaluation of the learner’s skill is achieved. The second phase used the developed technology in order to identify diversified parameters in different dimensions that contribute towards the assessment of working memory and primitive mathematical capabilities. Finally, the third phase is responsible for actual evaluation. In the phases of evaluation, four working memory tests such as forward Corsi Blocking-Tapping test, backward Corsi Blocking-Tapping test, Forward Digit Span test and backwardDigit Span test was conducted. In addition, the evaluation was also conducted for assessing primitive mathematical skill of children using TEDI-MATH. The results confirmed that Gesture Interactive Game-Based Learning (GIGL) used by the children exhibited a predominant improvement in the working memory and primitive mathematical skills on par with their usual school activities.
Design of high scalability multi-subcarrier rof hybrid system based on optical CDMA/TDM
Authors: Ghanim Wadday Ahmed Ghanim Wadday , Mohammed Ali Faris , Mohammed Albattat Hayder Jawad
Published: January 2021

The technology of radio over fiber (RoF) regard a crucial point to solve problems in wireless communication system. As well as, the growth of internet applications also reveals a tremendous increase in bandwidth for different applications. Therefore, the development of optical networks is very important that have maximum bandwidth by using different multiple access techniques. Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique has considered as a good solution for high bandwidth network. Hybrid optical systems of OCDMA and time division multiplexing (OTDM) has been proposed in this paper to increase the number of simultaneous users. The results of hybrid OCDMA and OTDM system demonstrate that this system can make a considerable increase in the network scalability while ensuring sufficient data rate and an acceptable bit error rate. Where M-user OCDMA signals can be transmitted in different channels of an OTDM system. Due to its wide band facility compared with other access techniques, OCDMA used here. In addition to its high scalability for our radio network, the OTDM and SCM utilized. The combination of these efficient access technique and powerful time-sharing media are lead to increase the framework system scalability.
Biting the Bullet
Authors: Turnbull Stephen
Published: January 2021

The deployment and use of European harquebuses following their introduction to Japan in 1543 is conventionally regarded as having followed a straightforward path of enthusiastic adoption, wherein the Japanese adapted and improved the revolutionary new weapons. This paper demonstrates that the procedure was instead both haphazard and idiosyncratic. In many cases firearms were tried by Japan’s rival daimyo (lords) and then either neglected or used ineffectively, a hit-and-miss approach that can even be identified in the person of Oda Nobunaga, the man who is usually credited with Japan’s military revolution. The situation is however complicated by the nomenclature used for the guns themselves, the projectiles, and even the nature of the wounds they caused. As for their impact, until the battle of Nagashino in 1575 all the actions involving firearms took place at defended positions with almost no mention of guns being used during open battles.
Molecular phylogeny and systematic evaluation of the Caragana opulens species complex (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) based on the molecular and morphological data

Authors: RATHER SHABIR A. , SHU WANG , DWIVEDI MAYANK DHAR , ZHAOYANG CHANG
Published: January 2021

In this study, we explored the evolutionary history and taxonomic treatment of the Caragana opulens complex taking information from morphological and molecular data. The complex consists of three species, C. opulens, C. licentiana and C. kansuensis. Moreover, the morphological characters currently used to differentiate the species present in the complex have been found insignificant and inconsistent and do not help diagnose the species. For the present study, we investigated its range and sampled 139 accessions from the different populations of the genus Caragana and 17 accessions of the complex. DNA sequence data from one nrDNA ITS and one cpDNA trnH-psbA loci were sequenced and analyzed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The resulting phylogenies were congruent in topologies. Based on morphological and molecular data, it is concluded that all three species of the complex are one of the same with significant morphological variations. Hence C. opulens is accepted as the correct name along with C. licentiana and C. kansuensis as synonyms.
Correct citation and lectotypification of Quercus ×kabylica and Q. ×numidica (Fagaceae)
Authors: COOMBES ALLEN J. , VÁZQUEZ FRANCISCO MARÍA
Published: January 2021

Publication details for the oaks Quercus ×kabylica and Q. ×numidica, described from Algeria, are determined, and lectotypes for both names, as well as for Quercus afares f. spinosa and Q. ×numidica var. brevisquama, are designated. Quercus ×kabylica and Q. ×numidica are regarded as representing the same taxon, for which the correct name is Q. ×numidica.
Fumaryl Diketopiperazine Microspheres Platform Design for Protein Pulmonary Delivery in Diabetes Rats Model
Authors: Shen Yan , Lu Mengqi , Liu Ji , Tu Jiasheng , Yin Ye , Li Wei
Published: January 2021

The cornerstone of this study was to formulate and optimize fumaryl diketopiperazine (FDKP) microspheres of insulin-load (INS@FDKP-MPs) with the aid of Box-Behnken design (BBD) to enhance insulin bioavailability. The property characterization of INS@FDKP-MPs was studied and the stability
study was confirmed by evaluating the effect on sample appearance, insulin and related protein content, hygroscopicity. At the same time, the pharmacodynamics of INS@FDKP-MPs was evaluated by testing the concentration of blood glucose of the diabetic model rats under different conditions.
The optimized formulation of INS@FDKP-MPs drug loading microspheres is 2.37 h of stirring time, 4.64 of pH value and 23.11% of the drug ratio. Under this condition, the results of optimized formulation showed the average microspheres size of 1.69 nm, the drug loading rate of 10.95%. The size
of microspheres is all below 3 m and the pulmonary deposition rate in stage 3 and stage 4 is more than twice that of other stages. The results of stability confirmed that INS@FDKP-MPs had good stability within three months. Futhermore, pharmacodynamics results indicated that inhaled insulin
(Tmin 60 to 90 min) could rapidly be absorbed into the systemic circulation compared to subcutaneous injection (Tmin 120 min); Inhaled insulin can continuously reduce blood glucose concentration within 120 minutes, which is significantly faster than subcutaneous injection (180 minutes). That
is stand for reducing the possibility of hypoglycemia. Through Pulmonary Administration, INS@FDKP-MPs can be efficiently and effectively absorbed into the systemic circulation with good pharmacodynamics and the ability to lower blood glucose levels.
Investigation on the Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanorod on Cement Hydration and Strength Development
Authors: Yan Han , Ran Qianping , Yang Yong , Shu Xin , Zhang Qian , Zhang Jiangang , Liu Jiaping
Published: January 2021

This work investigated the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods on the strength development and hydration of cement. Undispersed HA nanorods (HA-UD) and dispersed HA nanorods (HA-DN) were prepared by atom-efficient neutralization. The strength of mortars modified by HA nanorods was
tested, as well as their compatibility with supplementary cementitious material. The hydration of HA-modified cement pastes was characterized via in situ X-ray diffraction, isothermal calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. As the results suggest, the undispersed HA-DN caused
a considerable increase in superplasticizer demand to achieve the same level of flow. Both HA nanorods showed a significant accelerating effect on early hydration, with approximately 100% strength enhancement at 12 h at 2.0% dosage. The effect on early strength of the nanorods is retained
in systems with up to 30% fly ash in the binder mass. According to the characterizations, the rate of the hydration reaction in the acceleration period was enhanced by HA nanorods, and C3S consumption was also increased. In all of the testing situations, HA-DN showed superior performance,
likely due to improved spatial distribution of the hydroxyapatites. The results suggest that proper dispersion of the nanorods is necessary to optimize its performance.
Synthesis of N-Doped Magnetic Mesoporous Carbon Composites for Adsorption of Ag(I) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhang Wen-Juan , Zhang Bo-Bo , Du Xue-Yan , Wang You-Liang , Fei Yu-Long , Shen Ying-Ying
Published: January 2021

In this work, a novel N-doped magnetic mesoporous carbon (NMC) composite (Fe3O4/NMC) was synthesized by a two-step process. First, NMC was prepared by a template method using a melamine formaldehyde resin as nitrogen and carbon sources, and then, Fe3O4
nanoparticles were loaded into the as-prepared NMC via in-situ coprecipitation process. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4/NMC were characterized and its adsorption properties were investigated. It can be found that Fe3O4/NMC
with saturation magnetization of 20 emu · g−1 features a mesoporous structure, and its specific surface area reaches 513 m2 · g−1. These two excellent specificities are propitious to the adsorption and separation of Ag(I) from aqueous
solution. The adsorption behavior of Fe3O4/NMC nanocomposite has been investigated by adsorption kinetics and isotherms adsorption analyses as well. The adsorption isotherm and the adsorption kinetics of Ag(I) onto Fe3O4/NMC agrees well with Langmuir
model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Moreover, the Fe3O4/NMC was easily to recovery by applied magnetic field, the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/NMC was about 90.3% of the initial saturation adsorption capacity after five continuous
uses.
An Effective Method to Reduce Residual Lithium on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material Using a Reducing Agent
Authors: Shin Ji-Woong , Lee Seon-Jin , Oh Sang-Yong , Nam Yun-Chae , Son Jong-Tae
Published: January 2021

Among the various cathode materials used in LIBs (Lithium ion batteries), nickel rich cathode materials have attracted an increasing amount of interest due to their high capacity, relatively low cost, and low toxicity when compared to LiCoO2. However, these materials always
contain a large amount of residual lithium compounds such as LiOH and Li2CO3. The presence of lithium residues is undesirable because the oxidation of these compounds results in the formation of Li2O and CO2 gas at higher voltages, which lowers the
coulombic efficiency between the charge and discharge capacities during cycling. In this study, using LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as a starting material, a surface-modified cathode material was obtained by using reducing agent. The reducing agent not only
plays the role of reducing the oxide conversion energy but also suppresses the side reaction with the electrolyte due to the surface modification. Residual lithium present on the cathode material surface was reduced from 11,702 ppm to 8,658 ppm, resulting in improved high temperature cycle
performance and impedance characteristics.
Smart Manufacturing Application in 3D FinFETs: New Approach for Performance-Yield Co-Optimization Based on Virtual Process Integration
Authors: Min Jeong Guk , Noh Sang Do , Yang Joon-Sung
Published: January 2021

Currently, the semiconductor manufacturing industry is seeing rapid movement from 2D planar to 3D FinFET technology. Among SCE-enhanced scaled fin structures, depending on stress engineering to increase mobility, merged elevated source–drain (eSD) epi structures are widely used
because they can maximize device performance by reducing Rsd. While there is active research on device and epi own defects related to eSD process, there is no study on yield effect. Smart manufacturing (SM) applications, which form the core of Industry 4.0, are difficult to find in bulk-FinFETs,
and it is difficult to find hidden systematic defects of complex three-dimensional structures using limited analyses such as in-line monitoring and abnormal trend detection. In this study, we investigate the root-cause of gate to eSD short, which is the primary FinFET yield detractor, and
we obtain an optimized solution to improve yield by 25.2% without performance degradation. These improvements are accomplished using our in-house SM platform that consists of four components: a virtual integration (VI) module for defining defects such as physical connection, void, and not
open; a hot spot module for identifying the location of needed process control; an advanced analytics module including algorithms for selecting key features and predicting the fail bit; and an optimizer module that can co-optimize yield and performance.
Pattern Visibility Enhancement by the Hybrimer Index-Matching Inter Layer in Oxide/Metal/Oxide-Structured Transparent Conductive Electrode on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates
Authors: Cho Youngsoo , Jang Guneik
Published: January 2021

For this study, we fabricated transparent Mn-doped tin oxide (MTO)/Ag/MTO films with refractive index-matching layer on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The hybrimer indexmatching layer containing TIP (Titanium isopropoxide) in hydroxy terminated PDMS (PDMS-OH) matrix was
placed between the MTO/Ag/MTO multilayer and PET substrate. MTO and Ag were deposited by using RF/DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature, whereas a hybrimer mixture was spin-coated on the PET substrate after adjusting the molar ratios between the TIP and PDMS-OH. Pattern visibility was
examined by comparing the differences in the reflectance and transmittance of MTO/Ag/MTO multilayer films before and after placing the hybrimer index-matching layer. As the PDMS-OH concentration increased, the reflectance difference at the wavelength of 550 nm (ΔR550nm)
showed a tendency of decreasing from 0.66% to 0.53%. The index-matched MTO/Ag/MTO multilayer films showed the highest transmittance (>86% at 550 nm) at a molar ratio of 1:4.
Study of Anti-Glare Pattern Forming Process by Glass Etching for Improved Image Quality
Authors: Woo Heesu , Kim Jiwan , Kang Seunggu
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the anti-glare characteristics of strengthened glass used in the dashboard of automobiles were improved to enhanced the ability of the driver to read the display. To this end, the glass surface was etched with a solution containing HF as a main component. We adjusted
the concentration of the etching solution and the etching time as variables, and the transmittance, gloss, haze value, etc. of the etched glass were measured. On the etched glass surface, an irregular pattern mainly containing dioxonium hexa-fluorosilicate crystal phases was generated, and
controlling the pattern could improve the anti-glare characteristics of the glass. With higher concentration of the etching solution and longer etching time, the light transmittance, reflectance, and gloss of the etched glass were accordingly lower, while the haze value increased. We discussed
the relationship between these property changes and the surface microstructure, pattern components, and roughness of the etched glass.
Characterization of Interfacial Microstructure of Cast Iron Inserts Dipping in Aluminum Alloy Melt
Authors: Jung Chan-Hyun , Son Hyeon-Woo , Kim Sang-Wook , Kim Jong-Kyun , Jang Byoung-Lok , Hyun Soong-Keun
Published: January 2021

Commercial vehicle pistons should have low thermal expansion and should be able to withstand deformation or mechanical stress. Aluminum alloys are suitable for pistons due to their light weight. However, as aluminum alloys have low strength and friction resistance, cast iron is added
through the dipping process in order to increase the quality of pistons. However, the dipping process leads to defects such as defective bonding, void formation, and formation of an oxidation film at the junctions of the two materials due to differences in their properties, which adversely
affects the impact resistance and mechanical strength of the product. A theoretical study on the metallurgical bond between the aluminum alloy and the cast iron insert in the piston was conducted to investigate the cause of the defects. The microstructure of the intermetallic bonding layer
was observed using scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive spectroscopy. In this study, defects were found in non-bonding and oxide films and several phases were generated corresponding to different parameters. It was found that processing time and temperature were the main causes
of these defects.
Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cells According to TiO2 Mesoporous Layer Treated with Ti-Diisopropoxide Bis
Authors: Hwang Ji Yong , Choi Hyung Wook
Published: January 2021

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells, which are next-generation photovoltaic cells, has rapidly increased up to 20% through ongoing research and development. Recently, various methods have been employed to increase the active area of the mesoporous layer in perovskite
solar cells. In this study, the particle aggregation of the TiO2 was controlled by adding Ti-diisopropoxide bis to the mesoporous layer solution; thus, the contact area between the mesoporous layer and perovskite layer was increased. The amount of Ti-diisopropoxide bis added to
the mesoporous layer solution was adjusted to prevent the inhibition of electron transport caused by separation of particles and instability of mesoporous layer. To evaluate the changes in the characteristics of the perovskite solar cells due to the TiO2 particle aggregation in
the mesoporous layer, X-ray diffraction and spectrophotometric absorbance, as well as cross-sectional and surface scanning electron microscopy measurement were performed, and the current density–voltage curve, power conversion efficiency and other properties were evaluated under solar
simulator. It was found that the mesoporous layer was improved due to its enlarged contact area, and hence, can be expected to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
Oxidation Behaviors of Aluminum Nanopowders with Different Particle Sizes: A Real-Time Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Study
Authors: Liang Nan-Nan , Park Sae-Heum , Cho Tae-Sik
Published: January 2021

We have studied the oxidation behaviors of aluminum (Al) nanopowders with different particle sizes using a real-time synchrotron X-ray scattering during annealing in air. The Al nanopowders with small particle size of 78 nm at room temperature (RT) were a single crystal. The surface
of the nanopowders was first oxidized to amorphous Al oxide near 450 °C, and then crystallized to γ-Al2O3 phase at 550 °C. The inside of the nanopowders existed as crystal Al phase at 680 °C, high compared to the melting temperature of Al bulk, 660 °C.
In contrast, the Al nanopowders with large particle size of 816 nm at RT have multi grains inside a particle. The surface and grain boundary of the powders were first oxidized to amorphous Al oxide near 470 °C, and then crystallized to γ-Al2O3 phase at 550 °C.
The inside of the powders existed as amorphous Al phase at 620 °C, melted at 656 °C, and then oxidized gradually above 656 °C.
Correlation of Surface Oxidation and Mg-Based Intermetallic Phases in Grain Boundaries of Al–Mg Alloys Containing Third Elements
Authors: Bae Chul-Hong , Ha Seong-Ho , Kim Bong-Hwan , Yoon Young-Ok , Lim Hyun-Kyu , Kim Shae K. , Kim Young-Jig
Published: January 2021

In this study, the correlation of surface oxidation and Mg-based intermetallic phases in the grain boundary in Al–Mg alloys containing third elements was investigated. The experimental results were examined by phase diagrams plotted as a function of oxygen partial pressure determined
by thermodynamic calculation. The addition of Si and Cu as third elements into the Al–7 mass%Mg alloy formed Mg-based secondary phases during solidification. The 1 mass% Cu addition formed three different types of Mg-based intermetallic compounds. From weight gains by oxidation, all
samples exhibited their weight gains depending on time. The Si-added alloy showed a considerably lower weight gain and maintained a nearly constant weight, while the weight gain of the Al–7 mass%Mg–1 mass%Cu alloy was significantly greater than those of other alloys. MgO and MgAl2O4−
spinel were the main oxides that formed the oxide scale in all examined alloys. Si addition formed the multi-element oxide including Mg and Si.
FeS2 Loaded Porous SiO2 Ball as a Tweezers Recoverable Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst with Enhanced Recyclability
Authors: Wang Yan , Tan Yangchun , Pandey Nil Kanatha , Chudal Lalit , Amador Eric , Sun Lipin , Zhang Shuhua , Zhang Manbo , Chen Wei
Published: January 2021

We report a novel FeS2 loaded large SiO2 sphere (diameter of 3 cm) via double immobilization with (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (KH590) as a highly efficient, stable, and tweezers-recoverable heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst (FeS2/KH590/SiO2@KH590).
Notably, as-prepared composite catalyst exhibits a significant recycling improvement (10 runs) over free FeS2 powder (3 runs). The outstanding recyclability and stability of FeS2/KH590/SiO2@KH590 can be attributed to the passivation of FeS2 nanoparticles
on SiO2 surface by KH590 and subsequent prevention of Fe2+ leaching. Overall, our work provides a new avenue towards fabricating composite Fenton-like catalyst with high stability, enhanced recyclability and the advantage of easy separation.
Synthesis of Silica-Supported Hydroxamic Ligand for Removal of Metals Ions from Water
Authors: Rahman Md Lutfor , Sarjadi Mohd Sani , Arshad Sazmal Effendi , Musta Baba , Heffeman Maria A. , O'Reilly Emmet J. , Sarkar Shaheen M.
Published: January 2021

Mesoporous silica supported adsorbents have been used towards metal ion removal from water due to their thermally stability and good sorption capacity. Thus, mesoporous silica-based methyl acrylate monomer (Silica-APTES-DPNO) was converted into hydroxamic acid (SBHA) by using oximation
reaction and all products are analyzed by by FT-IR. The SBHA showed satisfactory binding properties with copper, cobalt, nickel and lead are 242, 206, 195 and 516 mg g−1, respectively, with the batch adsorption system was set to pH 6. The kinetics of metal ions binding obeyed
the pseudo-1st-order process up to 60 min. In this study also consider the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to find out the sorption behavior. The isotherm study demonstrated the well fit with Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.99). Thus, adsorption take place as a multilayer
system, therefore, SBHA material is useful for the metal ions removal from water.
Electrospun Zn Doped CuFe2O4 Nanofibers with Enhanced Photo Fenton-Like Catalytic Activity
Authors: Cui Yongping , Shang Yaru , Cheng Xiaohu , Shi Ruixia , Yang Ping
Published: January 2021

One dimensional Zn doped CuFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanofibers were successfully prepared via a facile electrospinning method followed by two different calcination routes. The results showed that the as-prepared nanofibers through two-step calcination exhibited more
uniform size distribution in diameter compared with those calcined by one-step method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that with the increase of Zn content the position of diffraction peaks of Zn doped CuFe2O4 slightly shift towards lower 2θ angle because
the ionic sizes of the Zn2+ (0.74 Å) is larger than that of Cu2+ (0.69 Å). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that with increasing Zn content the position of vibrational band (590 cm−1) shifted towards the smaller
wavenumber. Generally, photo-generated carriers increased with the increasing of Zn content. The photo Fenton-like catalytic results revealed that the doping of Zn facilitated the enhancement of degradation efficiency of catalysts. Additionally, 10 at.% Zn doped CuFe2O4
exhibited the best photo Fenton-like catalytic activity and the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) could reach 100% in 40 min. Finally, the enhancement of photo Fenton-like catalytic mechanism of the Zn doped CuFe2O4 nanofibers was mainly attributed to actived
spinel structure lattice by Zn doping, which allows more Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions are involved in the photo Fenton-like catalytic reaction.