bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political awakenings in an artificial state: Iraq, 1914-20
Authors: Haddad Fanar
Published: May 2012

Rather than addressing the dated debate of Iraq's 'artificiality', this article analyses the evolution of the term 'Iraq' and by extension the evolution in frames of self-definition in the years 1914-20. I use three key events (the anti-British jihad of 1914, the Najaf rebellion of
1918 and the rebellion of 1920) and examine the discourse that accompanied the events to analyse the changing categories of self-identification on the mid-Euphrates. A clearly discernible ontological evolution of 'Iraq' in the popular imagination is revealed thereby clarifying and explaining
the rapid rise and adoption of Iraqi nationalism in the early twentieth century.
Iraqi Kurdistan’s two contrasting economic images
Authors: Gunter Michael M.
Published: May 2012

This article analyses the contrasting positive and negative economic images of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Oil prospects, foreign direct investment and trade with Turkey, information technology and water, among others, contribute to the positive image. However, the KRG
also remains a classic rentier state with all the problems that entails. Other problems contributing to the negative image include unemployment, a large public payroll, banking, taxing, agriculture and corruption, among others.
The dramaturgy of the real: Experiential learning with Sheffield culture lab
Authors: McDonnell Bill
Published: May 2012

This article focuses on an educational theatre project, ‘Me and You and Us and Them’, carried out with University of Sheffield English and Theatre students in partnership with Museums Sheffield. Working with children from local inner-city schools, the brief was to create a performative response to Tate Britain’s touring exhibition ‘Picture of Us’ and to present this at the city’s Graves Arts Gallery as part of the exhibition’s closing event. The account of the project provides the basis for a critical/theoretical reflection on the nature and challenges of experiential learning, drawing in particular on the writings of John Heron and Michael Luntley. The article’s thesis is that the latter’s differentiation between ‘thick’ and ‘thin’ conceptions of practice and Heron’s stress on ‘live encounter’ can enrich our understanding of experiential learning, of how we can help our students move from ‘knowing that’ to ‘knowing how’, from the simulation of the world in the workshop to immersion in what Foucault has called ‘the dramaturgy of the real’. The article is in three sections. Section 1 sets out the context for the project. Section 2 offers an impressionistic account of the process. Section 3 offers a summative analysis.
Researching participatory arts, well-being and health: Some methodological issues
Authors: Skingley Ann , Bungay Hilary , Clift Stephen
Published: May 2012

This article considers some of the methodological issues faced by a team working in the emerging field of participatory arts and health research. It argues that, in order to optimize research rigour, there is a need to address four fundamental issues. First, researchers should define the scope of the art(s) under study (in terms of domain, level of participation and potential impact); second, they should adopt a concept of health appropriate for the target sample group; third, the research method should be consistent with the extent and type of evidence already existing in the area and that to be sought; and finally, there is a need to select a means of data collection and communication that accurately represents both the outcomes/impacts of arts interventions and the experiences of research subjects, which may not be reducible to the language conventionally used in research. The issues are illustrated with an account of one research project being undertaken by the team.
Romeo and Juliet from page to screen: A multilateral model for the analysis of three Italian films
Authors: Minutella Vincenza
Published: May 2012

The article examines three Italian film adaptations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, directed by Castellani (1954), Freda (1964) and Torre (2000). As the tragedy of the lovers was originally an Italian tale that reached Shakespeare through translation and rewriting, this article
explores the journey of the story back to Italy through a process of translation into a different medium, interpretation and re-appropriation by Italian directors. The transposition from page to screen is seen as a process of translation and is analysed adopting the ‘star-like’
model suggested by Cattryss, which looks for the models or semiotic devices that have affected the production of a film. The article analyses the interpretations given by the Italian directors and identifies the different ‘source texts’ that might have influenced the translation
from page to screen.
Ocularcentrism, horror and The Lord of the Rings films
Authors: Peirse Alison
Published: May 2012

The majority of the analyses of The Lord of the Rings films centre on extratextual dimensions: the political economy of film production, of audiences and fandom, and the impact of technology on envisaging the series. Instead, this article explores the aesthetic qualities of the films,
focusing on the visualization of the chapter ‘Lothlórien’ from Tolkien’s The Fellowship of the Ring, and ‘The passage of the marshes’ and ‘Shelob’s lair’ from The Two Towers. In making The Lord of the Rings, Director Peter Jackson engages
with the cinematic possibilities of vision and images of the eye; he then borrows spectatorial conceits from the horror film in order to relate the ocularcentric to the vulnerability of the individual body of Frodo Baggins. In visualizing the trilogy, an obsession is born, not only with the
image of the eye, but also with the horror of being watched and of watching.
The metaphor of dance in Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey, A Clockwork Orange and Full Metal Jacket
Authors: Pezzotta Elisa
Published: May 2012

This article is centred on the role of music in Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971) and Full Metal Jacket (1987). In these films music becomes audible and images seem to emanate from it. Dialogue and voice-over seem to be used, in the majority
of cases, in the same way as music, because they are adopted for their rhythm, for their signifier, and not for their signified. The mise-en-scène, the editing, the dialogue and voice-over seem to obey the rhythm of music. Moreover, thanks to these cinematic features, the style of the
source novels A Clockwork Orange (Burgess, [1962] 2000) and The Short-Timers (Hasford, [1979] 1980) is, respectively, translated and highlighted in A Clockwork Orange and Full Metal Jacket. Thus, these two films become emblematic examples of the director’s deep sensibility to the style
of the adapted books.
‘The … monster, which doth mock/The meat it feeds on’: R.E.M.’s Monst(e)rous Othello
Authors: Conaway Charles
Published: May 2012

Drawing on the distinction between a ‘text’ and a ‘work’ as defined by Joseph Grigely and revised by Thomas Cartelli and Katherine Rowe, this article argues that R.E.M.’s 1994 album, Monster appropriates some of the themes, situations and character-functions
of the work Othello in order to illuminate and demystify the ways in which the mass media and mainstream rock and roll culture, in Iago-like fashion, attempt to seize and rewrite the identities of youths and inspire in them Othello-like effects of possessiveness and jealousy that can lead
to male-on-female violence. Crucially, however, the album does not dramatize black male-on-white female violence; rather, it de-races the kind of possessiveness, jealousy and gendered violence that we find in Shakespeare’s play, usefully reminding us that such violence has no necessary
connection to race.
Adapting film parody for the sitcom format: Mel Brooks’s When Things Were Rotten (1975) and The Nutt House (1989)
Authors: Symons Alex
Published: May 2012

The landmark sitcom studies by Brett Mills, Janet Staiger and David Marc have previously identified a tendency in the ‘mainstream’ American sitcom towards standardized production values, predictable storylines and socially ‘conservative’ comedy. However, Mel
Brooks’s projects When Things Were Rotten (1975) and The Nutt House (1989) are from a different tradition. Following in the ‘intermedial’ approach employed by André Gaudreault, this article examines the way Brooks constructed these shows by adapting material from his
own ‘surreal’ Hollywood parody films – in particular, Blazing Saddles (1974) and Young Frankenstein (1974). By adapting the conventions of film ‘parody’ to the sitcom format, Brooks’s sitcoms – along with similar shows by others – were ‘innovative’
and untypical to the tradition. More importantly, these intermedial projects suggest that Hollywood film has made a so far neglected contribution to the historical development of the American sitcom that still continues today.
Continental Drift: Europe and translation, poetry and film
Authors: Mason Wyn , Nuselovici (Nouss) Alexis
Published: May 2012

This article is an account of a trans-European poetry-film project, Continental Drift, which consists of a system of mutating from one short film to the next via poetry. Its methodology is explained, along with a description of how the project, still in its initial stages, is progressing.
The main theoretical notion that underpins the project is viewing translation as a key concept for understanding European identity. The article first explores a view of European history and culture from a translational perspective, before demonstrating how these ideas have informed how the
project is structured and viewed. Finally, the term moiré, borrowed from physics, is introduced as a general cultural term, but specifically used here to facilitate an understanding of translation and poetry-film.
REVIEWS
Authors: Peacock Steven , Raw Laurence , Sherry Jamie , Welsh James M.
Published: May 2012

INGMAR BERGMAN’S ‘THE SILENCE’, MAARET KOSKINEN (2010) Copenhagen: Museum Tuscalanum Press, 208 pp., ISBN: 978-87-635-3159-7, p/bk, £16.99

DAGUR KARI’S ‘NOI THE ALBINO’, BJÖRN NORDFJÖRD (2010) Copenhagen: Museum Tuscalanum Press,
165 pp., ISBN: 978-87-635-3160-3, p/bk, £15.99

LONE SCHERFIG’S ‘ITALIAN FOR BEGINNERS’, METTE HJORT (2010) Copenhagen: Museum Tuscalanum Press, 277 pp., ISBN: 978-87-635-3483-3, p/bk, £25.00

THEORIZING NARRATIVITY, JOHN PIER AND JOSÉ ANGELGARCIA LANDA
(EDS) (2008) Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co, 464 pp., ISBN: 978-3-11-020244-1, h/bk, $10.00

ANALYZING LITERATURE-TO-FILM ADAPTATIONS: A NOVELIST’S EXPLORATION AND GUIDE, MARY H. SNYDER (2011) New York and London: Continuum, 320 pp., ISBN 9781441168184,
p/bk, £17.99

TRUE TO THE SPIRIT: FILM ADAPTATION AND QUESTION OF FIDELITY, COLIN MACCABE, KATHLEEN MURRAY AND RICK WARNER (EDS) (2011) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 250 pp., ISBN: 978-0-19-537467-4, p/bk, $24.95
Generic Mathematical Model for PSA Process
Authors: Mhaskar Pramathesh R. , Peter Sunil A. , Moharir Arun S.
Published: May 2012

Adsorptive separations have gained considerable importance in process industry. A generic simulator has been developed in this work for Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) processes. Several simple and complex, conventional and unconventional PSA cycles have been studied using this simulator. Distinction has been made between PSA processes where a raffinate stream richer in the weakly adsorbed component as compared to the feed is the desired product as against processes where extract stream richer in the strongly adsorbed component is the desired product. These are termed as raffinate PSA and extract PSA respectively. Extract PSA is an unconventional process variation. The studies include several simple and complex PSA cycles for raffinate and extract PSA of industrial importance. The studies are aided by a generic simulator for all PSA process variations developed for the purpose. The simulator is equally applicable to Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA), Pressure Vacuum Swing Adsorption (PVSA), rapid cycle PSA processes, etc.
Bombardment Induced Potassium Ion Transport Through a Sodium Ion Conductor: Conductivities and Diffusion Profiles
Authors: Weitzel Karl-Michael , Rossrucker Lisa , Menezes Promod V. , Zakel Julia , Schäfer Martin , Roling Bernhard
Published: May 2012

Ion transport through a Ca30 glass, a sodium ion (Na
+
) conductor, has been induced by bombardment with a potassium ion (K
+
) beam. The measurement of back side ion currents as a function of the ion beam kinetic energy by means of the recently developed BIIT (bombardment induced ion transport) approach allows determining the conductivity of the material. Measurement of this conductivity as a function of the temperature allows deriving the activation energy for ion transport as 0.99 eV ± 0.01 eV in perfect agreement with impedance spectroscopy. While the conductivity as well as the activation energy clearly correspond to the bulk property, i.e. the transport of Na
+
, depth profiling of the glass sample after the BIIT experiment exhibits K
+
profiles reaching up to 100 nm into the glass. Ultimately, modeling of the experimental data by means of the Nernst–Planck–Poisson theory provides access to a quantitative understanding of the conductivities and the diffusion profiles under the condition of competing Na
+
/K
+
ion transport.
Transport and Electromechanical Properties of Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate at High Temperatures
Authors: Weidenfelder Anke , Fritze Holger , Fielitz Peter , Borchardt Günter , Shi Jianmin , Becker Klaus-Dieter , Ganschow Steffen
Published: May 2012

Z- and X-cut lithium niobate samples with varying lithium content from 48.3 to 50.0 mol % are investigated at high temperatures. Electrical and electromechanical properties are obtained by impedance spectroscopy. Mixed ionic and electronic conductivity in the temperature range from 500–900 ºC is found to be thermally activated. For 700 ºC and 1000 ºC the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions is calculated. The resonance frequency and the inverse Qf product are determined as a function of temperature up to 900 ºC for shear and thickness mode vibrations. In addition, the tracer diffusion of 18O is investigated by SIMS/SNMS. The 18O depth profile is analyzed and the lithium concentration dependent oxygen diffusion coefficient at 950 ºC for 49.9 mol % Li2O is determined to be DO≈ 3 × 10-17 m2/s.
Low-Temperature DC Conductivity of LiNbO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Ruprecht Benjamin , Rahn Johanna , Schmidt Harald , Heitjans Paul
Published: May 2012

We report on conductivity measurements of LiNbO3 single crystals with congruent composition in ambient atmosphere between 449 and 727 K which include the lowest temperatures covered so far. The ionic DC conductivity observed along the c-axis at, e. g., 650 K is 6.7 × 10-9 S/cm and shows an activation energy of 1.33 eV. The corresponding Li
+
diffusion coefficients range between 2.5 × 10-22 and 1.4 × 10-16 m2/s. These results are perfectly consistent with our conductivity results in the high-temperature regime as well as SIMS measurements published recently (Rahn et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14 (2012) 2427). From the Li
+
diffusion coefficients obtained here a Haven ratio of 0.7(2) can be deduced.
Ionic Transport and Structure in Doped Plastically Crystalline Solids
Authors: Edwards William V. , Berko Aaron , Blacklocks Aran N. , Savin Shelley L. P. , Chadwick Alan V.
Published: May 2012

There is considerable interest in plastic crystalline electrolytes which have good room temperature ionic conductivities and potential technological applications as membranes for devices such as batteries. Conductivity and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements have been used to study succinonitrile (1, 2-dicyanoethane) doped with copper(I) and (II) triflate (trifluoromethanesulfonate) and TFSI (bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide). The conductivities at room temperature are reasonably good, particularly for Cu(I)TFSI doped at 1 mol %, where the conductivity is∼1 × 103S cm-1, which is consistent with previous work on this system. The Cu K-edge EXAFS in 1 mol % doped copper salts show that in all cases, whether Cu(I) or Cu(II), the ion is predominantly in a well-defined and ordered local environment. A tentative model of the conduction process is described that will account for this local structural information; however, the process is clearly complex even in these apparently simple systems.
Obesity related increase in diseases in Hungary studied by the Health Interview Survey 2009
Authors: Bényi Mária , Kéki Zsuzsanna , Hangay István , Kókai Zoltán
Published: May 2012

Obesity is one of the major health problems at present and it will also be in the future. Aim: To assess the proportion of obesity-related diseases in the Hungarian population above 18 years of age. Method: The survey was conducted via internet. 1,000 subjects inform various subregions of Hungary were asked to fill in the questionnaire. The obtained data were grouped according to gender and age in overweight, lean and normal weight subjects. Additional diseases were assessed using odds ratios with 95% probability. Data from overweight subjects were compared to those obtained from subjects with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2. Results: 27,746 filled in questionnaires from 2,597 subregions were analysed. 46.3% of the responders were males and 53.7% were females. The disease rate among females was higher compared to males. The occurrence of diseases increased with age. In overweight subjects the odds ratios for several diseases were substantially increased (diabetes, 3.9; hypertension, 2.9; cardiovascular diseases, 1.69; arthralgia, 1.68; and cervical, dorsal and lumbar pain, 1.35). Conclusion: Obesity related additional diseases merit a high concern nowadays. Taking into consideration the tendency of obesity in children, there is a need to put higher emphasis to primary prevention. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 768–775.
Retrospective evaluation of the ten-year experience of a single coeliac centre
Authors: Juhász Márk , Kocsis Dorottya , Zágoni Tamás , Miheller Pál , Herszényi László , Tulassay Zsolt
Published: May 2012

Coeliac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy, sprue) is a chrocic disorder of the small bowel leading to malabsorption. Aims: charts of all patients with coeliac disease treated at the 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University were evaluated. Patients and Methods: The authors retrospectively analysed the results of a total of 132 patients with coeliac disease (107 females and 25 males; mean age, 37 years; median, 35 years; range, 19–78 years) atteding the centre between 1999 and 2010. The authors routinely performed the following investigations in patients with suspected coeliac disease: multiple biopsies taken from the duodenum, tissue transglutaminase antibody or endomysial antibody based serology, body mass index calculation, osteodensitometry, evaluation of disorders associated with coeliac disease, family history for coeliac disease, and implementation of family-screening for coeliac disease given the agreement of the index patients. Results: Histological samples were available in 101 cases, and distributions of data according to the Marsh-classification were as follows: negative in 9%, M3a in 27%, M3b in 18%, and M3c in 46% of cases, respectively. Serological results were available in 117 cases. 93/117 (79%) showed seropositivity. Body mass index was calculated for 95 patients, and the mean value for males was 22.4 kg/m² (range, 17–30.3 kg/m²), whereas the mean value for females was 20.7 kg/m² (range, 15.2–30.4 kg/m²). Osteodensitometry was performed in 90 patients; 45 patients (50%) proved normal, 31 (34%) had osteopenia, and 15 (26%) had osteoporosis. Coeliac disease associated disorders were present in 45/132 patients (34%; 6 males). Associated disorders were as follows: 15 dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring, 15 thyroid diseases (5 hypo- and 10 hyperthyroidism), 6 Crohn’s disease, 3 selective IgA-deficiency, 2 endometrioses, 1 systemic lupus erythematosus, 1 myasthenia gravis, and 1 type-1 diabetes mellitus. Sixty-four of the 132 index patients brought 133 first-degree relatives for family screening (serology), where 26/133 (19.5%; 17 females) first-degree relatives proved to suffer from coeliac disease. Conclusions: The age distribution of this cohort demonstrates that coeliac disease can present at any age. Similarly to those of other coeliac disease centres, female predominance is significant. Histology usually showed advanced villous atrophy. Serological results were usually in conjunction with the histological results and proved to be useful for monitoring dietary compliance and for accomplishing family screening. The mean body mass index values were in the normal range confirming that adult patients with coeliac disease are usually not malnourished. The 20% prevalence of coeliac disease among first-degree relatives underlines the necessity of family screening. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 776–785.
Electrical Detection of Protein Biomarkers Using Nanoneedle Biosensors
Authors: Esfandyarpour Rahim , Esfandyarpour Hesaam , Javanmard Mehdi , Harris James S. , Davis Ronald W.
Published: May 2012

Here we present the development of an array of electrical nano-biosensors in a microfluidic channel, called Nanoneedle biosensors. Then we present the proof of concept study for protein detection. A Nanoneedle biosensor is a real-time, label-free, direct electrical detection platform, which is capable of high sensitivity detection, measuring the change in ionic current and impedance modulation, due to the presence or reaction of biomolecules such as proteins or nucleic acids. We show that the sensors which have been fabricated and characterized for the protein detection. We have functionalized Nanoneedle biosensors with receptors specific to a target protein using physical adsorption for immobilization. We have used biotinylated bovine serum albumin as the receptor and sterptavidin as the target analyte. The detection of streptavidin binding to the receptor protein is also presented.
A Mesozoic species ofAnotylus(Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae) from Liaoning, China, with the earliest evidence of sexual dimorphism in rove beetles
Authors: Yue Yanli , Makranczy György , Ren Dong
Published: May 2012

A new species of the staphylinid subfamily Oxytelinae is described and figured from a series of well-preserved compression fossils of the Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous), Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The species is placed in the recent genusAnotylusThomson, 1859 based on typical morphological features for the genus as well as secondary sexual characters. The strong projection of the anterior pronotal angles is a feature also possessed by males of several recent Neotropical taxa in the genus. This is the earliest fossil rove beetle with clearly demonstrable sexual dimorphism.
Pennsylvanian (Atokan) ammonoids from the Magoffin Member of the Four Corners Formation, eastern Kentucky
Authors: Work David M. , Mason Charles E. , Boardman Darwin R.
Published: May 2012

The Pennsylvanian ammonoidsGastrioceras magoffinensen. sp.,Maximites nassichukin. sp.,Dimorphoceratoides adamsin. sp.,Bisatoceras? sp.,Phaneroceras chesnutin. sp., and Christioceratidae gen. indet. occur in the Magoffin Member of the Four Corners Formation in eastern Kentucky. The interval represented by the Magoffin ammonoid fauna should be known as theGastrioceras magoffinenseAssemblage Zone. This overlies the well-knownDiaboloceras neumeieriZone, represented in the Kendrick Shale Member of the Hyden Formation in eastern Kentucky. TheGastrioceras magoffinenseZone correlates to theDiaboloceras varicostatum–Winslowoceras henbestiZone in the Winslow Member of the Atoka Formation in northwestern Arkansas. Ammonoids and associated conodonts, includingDeclinognathodus marginodosusand its descendantD. donetzianus, indicate an early Atokan age corresponding to the basal Bolsovian (basal Westphalian C) Substage in western Europe and the Bashkirian–Moscovian Stage boundary interval in eastern Europe and the South Urals.
Protichnites eremita unshelled? Experimental model-based neoichnology and new evidence for a euthycarcinoid affinity for this ichnospecies
Authors: Collette Joseph H. , Gass Kenneth C. , Hagadorn James W.
Published: May 2012

Protichnites eremita from the Cambrian Elk Mound Group of Wisconsin is reinterpreted based on new material and trackway experiments. Two new forms of P. eremita suggest that the discrete medial imprints of these traces could be produced by the segmented postabdomen of euthycarcinoids from the same deposit. Form 1 could have been produced by a pair of euthycarcinoids traveling together, like in limulid amplexus, where both individuals made imprints with their postabdomens. In this scenario, if one individual held its postabdomen to the left side, it is possible to produce left-handed shingling in trackways and angled segmentation of each medial imprint. Form 2 could have been produced by a single animal traveling in arcing or tightly looping paths. Experimentally-produced medial imprints yield morphologies that are consistent with both trackway forms. Thus, it seems more likely that P. eremita was produced directly by the animal's body (alone or paired) rather than by employing hermit-like behavior.
Reptilian coprolites in the Eocene of central Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Krause J. Marcelo , Piña Carlos I.
Published: May 2012

Biogenic structures, herein interpreted as coprolites, were recorded in the ?upper Paleocene–Eocene Las Flores Formation, southeast Argentina. The coprolite origin is supported by several features, such as recurrent extrusive external morphology, longitudinal wrinkles, flattening of the ventral side, concentric and radial cracks, cryptocrystalline groundmass, and a phosphatic composition. A detailed comparative study with modern fecal masses, based on morphology, surface texture, micromorphology, mineralogical and chemical composition, suggest a crocodylian as the most probable producer, an interpretation also supported by the Patagonian paleontological record. This discovery, the first record on coprolites from Central Patagonia, provides new paleoenvironmental and paleoecological information for the studied successions.
Morphologic and systematic revision of the solute Maennilia estonica (Homoiostelea, Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician of Estonia
Authors: Parsley Ronald L. , Rozhnov Sergei V. , Sumrall Colin D.
Published: May 2012

Maennilia estonica Rozhnov and Jefferies was first described as a stem-chordate but restudy shows it is an unusually large homoiostelean echinoderm. Its feeding structure, an erect ambulacrum, extending exothecally from the peristomial frame plates, bears a large internal tunnel that opens directly into the body cavity. This type of feeding appendage is now recognized to be unique to homoiosteles. It bears no evidence for water vascular system impressions adjacent to its food groove. The theca has poorly developed marginal plates and a narrow rim that, in contrast to some other homoiosteles, does not extend over either lower or upper thecal face. Maennilia appears to have inhabited the deeper portions of a near-shore environment in limey muds adjacent to a linear zone of bryozoan and microbial bioherms.
Camerate and disparid crinoids from the late Kinderhookian Meadville Shale, Cuyahoga Formation of Ohio
Authors: Ausich William I. , Roeser Edgar W.
Published: May 2012

Crinoids were first reported from the Cuyahoga Formation in northeastern Ohio by James Hall in 1863. However, these crinoids have not been re-examined in detail since the late nineteenth century. With the restudy of classical and more recent collections, ten (nine camerate and one disparid) species-level taxa are recognized from the late Kinderhookian Meadville Shale Member, Cuyahoga Formation, including the cameratesAmphoracrinus viminalis(Hall, 1863);Aorocrinus heliceHall, 1863;Aorocrinus meyerin. sp.;Aryballocrinus martinin. sp.;Cusacrinus daphne(Hall, 1863);Platycrinitess.l.contritus(Hall, 1863);Platycrinitess.l.graphicus(Hall, 1863);Platycrinitess.l.lodensis(Hall and Whitfield, 1875); andPlatycrinitess.l.burkein. sp. In addition,Halysiocrinussp. is the first disparid reported from this fauna.Platycrinitess.l.bedfordensis(Hall and Whitfield, 1875) is designated anomen dubium. Growth is evaluated forAorocrinus heliceandCusacrinus daphne, which had contrasting development. The growth of theAorocrinus helicecalyx was largely not allometric but that of the primaxil plate was, suggesting the arms may have grown allometrically. In contrast, much of the calyx ofCusacrinus daphnedisplayed allometric growth.
New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin
Authors: Cadena Edwin , Bourque Jason R. , Rincon Aldo F. , Bloch Jonathan I. , Jaramillo Carlos A. , Macfadden Bruce J.
Published: May 2012

Four distinct fossil turtle assemblages (Chelonia) are recognized from the Panama Canal Basin. The oldest, from the late Eocene–early Oligocene Gatuncillo Formation, is dominated by podocnemidid pleurodires. The early Miocene Culebra Formation includes both podocnemidids and trionychids. The early to middle Miocene Cucaracha Formation includes taxa classified in Geoemydidae (includingRhinoclemmys panamaensisn. sp.), Kinosternidae (represented byStaurotypus moschusn. sp.), large testudinids, trionychids, and podocnemidids, and finally, the late Miocene Gatun Formation records cheloniid sea turtles. These fossils include the oldest known representatives ofRhinoclemmys, the oldest record of kinosternids in Central America with a more extensive southern paleodistribution forStaurotypusand staurotypines in general, early occurrences of giant tortoises in the Neotropics, the oldest occurrence of soft-shell turtles in the tropics, the oldest late Eocene–early Oligocene Neotropical occurrences of podocnemidids. The Panamanian fossil turtles represent clades that are primarily endemic to North America, showing their very early arrival into the Neotropics prior to the complete emergence of the Isthmus of Panama, as well as their first contact with Caribbean-South American pleurodires by the early Miocene.
First record of late Eocene ascidians (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from southeastern Australia
Authors: Łukowiak Magdalena
Published: May 2012

Ascidian spicules are reported for the first time from the upper Eocene (Paleogene) biosiliceous marls and mudstones of the Blanche Point Formation in the St. Vincent Basin, southeastern Australia. The spicules that belong to the family Polycitoridae are identified as a Recent speciesCystodytescf.dellechiajei, andCystodytessp. and spicules of the family Didemnidae are indentified as representing generaLissoclinum, Didemnum, andPolysyncraton.Five other different morphological spicule types which can be classified only at the family level also belong to the Didemnidae. This study demonstrates that ascidians had a very wide distribution by the late Eocene and that ascidian fauna was already of a modern character.
The multinomial diversity model: linking Shannon diversity to multiple predictors
Authors: De'ath Glenn
Published: May 2012

The multinomial diversity model, MDM, is a new method for relating Shannon diversity to complex environmental, spatial, and temporal predictors. It is based on a parameterized formulation of Shannon entropy and diversity, and a novel link between entropy and the log‐likelihood of the multinomial model. The MDM relates diversity to the predictors by minimizing the entropy of the estimated species values. Model effects can be expressed as changes in entropy. Entropy can be partitioned within and between sites, species, and models, and changes in entropy can be attributed to model predictors. All entropies translate into diversity for meaningful ecological interpretation. This greatly enhances our capacity to model complex data sets, and yet also provide simple interpretations. By formulating diversity as a statistical model and working in terms of entropy, diversity is simplified both conceptually and analytically, and diversity analyses are extended beyond traditional simple hierarchies of α, β, γ, and measures of turnover. The MDM inherits the properties of generalized linear models, and thus proven methods can be used for model selection and graphical and numerical interpretation. A weighted version of the Shannon diversity model is proposed in order to extend the MDM to non‐Shannon diversities. Two example analyses, based on simulated and field data, illustrate the theoretical concepts and the analytical methods.
The Continuing Evolution of Biopsychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain
Authors: Day Melissa A. , Thorn Beverly E. , Burns John W.
Published: May 2012

In the last several decades, great strides have been made in the treatment of persistent painful conditions. The scope of treatment has shifted from purely biomedical, including approaches built upon cognitive, behavioral, and social psychological principles. This article reports and discusses several key paradigm shifts that fueled this revolutionary change in the management of chronic pain. The progressive development of theoretical metamodels and treatment conceptualizations is presented. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely accepted biopsychosocial treatment for chronic pain and is founded upon a rich theoretical tradition. The CBT rationale, and empirical evidence to support its efficacy, is presented. The emergence and promise of mindfulness-based and acceptance-based interventions is also discussed. The article concludes with the assertion that future treatment outcome research should focus on understanding the treatment-specific and common factors associated with efficacy.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Chronic Pain: The Problem, Research, and Practice
Authors: Noel Melanie , Petter Mark , Parker Jennifer A. , Chambers Christine T.
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this article is to outline the rationale and use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of pediatric chronic pain. The article begins by demonstrating the scope and impact of the problem of pediatric chronic pain. It then provides an overview of the framework of CBT for pediatric chronic pain and standard treatment components are outlined. A summary of the current state of research and its efficacy is provided. The article concludes by presenting outcome data from a specific example of a CBT group for pediatric recurrent abdominal pain. Future directions for research in this area are discussed.
A Brief Report on the Evaluation of a Pain Self-Management Program for Older Adults
Authors: Barefoot Clair , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , Carleton R. Nicholas , Henry James
Published: May 2012

Chronic pain is often resistant to traditional medical management and other types of professional intervention. As such, several investigators have conducted studies of pain self-management programs. These self-management programs, however, were often led by therapists and shared much in common with traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); the efficacy of which, despite some inconsistencies, is largely supported in the literature. Although, like CBT, many therapist led programs involve a component of self-management in the form of “homework assignments,” it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of pain self-management, which is not therapist led. Within the context of controlled investigation, we evaluated a pain self-management program that involved use of a comprehensive self-help pain management book for older adults. Contrary to expectation, we did not identify any differences in the outcomes observed in the self-help patient group as compared to the control group (i.e., participants who did not receive the pain management book until after the study was completed) despite a great deal of satisfaction with the manualized program that was expressed by the participants. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for People With Chronic Pain: Distinctions, Outcomes, and Innovations
Authors: Skinner Michelle , Wilson Hilary D. , Turk Dennis C.
Published: May 2012

This article reviews the cognitive-behavioral (CB) perspective on chronic pain and discusses the distinction between this perspective and cognitive and behavioral techniques. We describe the general efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of people with chronic pain along with some of the limitations of published outcome studies. We discuss advances in moderation and mediation of treatment outcomes. Lastly, we discuss the need for research that takes into account growing interest in evidence-based medicine, methods that address responders and nonresponders, individual trajectories, how we might advance and refine CBT, and strategies related to relapse prevention, maintenance, and adherence enhancement taking advantage of evolving technological methods of service delivery. We provide recommendations on how to approach studies of CBT efficacy as a function of better understanding of patient characteristics and context. We advocate for the potential of the CB perspective for all healthcare providers regardless of discipline or training.
Preparing Nursing Students to be Effective Health Team Partners through Interprofessional Education
Authors: Sullivan Dori Taylor , Godfrey Nelda S.
Published: May 2012

This article will provide an overview of recent significant activities related to interprofessional education to promote care quality through teamwork and collaboration, followed by a discussion of what nursing schools can do to develop the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values to enhance health care team performance and care outcomes.
Grade Inflation: A Problem in Nursing?
Authors: King-Jones Malena , Mitchell Abigail
Published: May 2012

This article examines grade inflation in higher education and in nursing education. The factors related to grade inflation and consequences of grade inflation are explored. Actions that address grade inflation and recommendations for future research in nursing education are provided.
Optimization of Horizontal Well Design to Maximize Recoverable Hydrocarbon
Authors: Ling Kegang , Han Guoqing , Shen Zheng , Zhang He
Published: May 2012

In the boom of unconventional resource exploration, horizontal completion has been widely used. Horizontal well has the advantages of increasing productivity index, preventing gas or water coning, avoiding sanding out, enhancing drainage area, reducing drilling pad and footprint, and accelerating recovery. Although these advantages have been well recognized over vertical completion, the quantitative contribution is not yet to be investigated. The current design of horizontal well is primarily derived from field experience. This consists of more or less arbitrary contents. To fill this gap, this paper presents a model to incorporate production from different lengths of horizontal well, cost of the drilling and completion, discount of revenue, and cost by different timing. The achieved optimum horizontal well design leads to a maximized net present value (NPV) for operators.
An Overview of Emerging Technologies and Innovations for Tight Gas Reservoir Development
Authors: Khan Rashid , Al-Nakhli Ayman R.
Published: May 2012

As oil prices are significantly increasing in the current decade, oil producers become more and more interested to economically produce natural gas from tight reservoirs. Tight gas reserves represent a huge source of energy that can last for decades. However, the major challenge oil company faces is to find technological solution for economical development and production from such tight reserves.

This paper presents a global patent landscape on tight gas recovery technologies. The paper considers the granted patents and patent applications filed from 1990 through today across the globe. The landscape study identifies key patent filers, independent inventores, Universities, and research labs in the area of tight gas recovery technologies. It also identifies different stimulation technologies associated with different patent assignees. Patent lieterature has been used to obtain information on solutions to problems in tight gas recovery areas, such as sweetspot identification, damage minimization, water blocking, and filtrate invasion. Saudi Aramco is seeking suitable partners in recoving tight gas from its vast reserves.

The patent filing activity was found to be on an upward trend with filings having increased through the 2000s as compared to during the 1990s. The major contribution to this is from major oil field service providers, such as Schlumberger, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, ExxonMobil, BP and Royal Dutch Shell, with a cumulative share in excess of 50%. Independent inventors (patents which are not assigned to any company/research institute) constituted more than 12% of the total filings. Not to be left behind, academic institutes are also actively filing patents in this area. There are a considerable number of patents filed with joint assignee names, which could be identified through research collaborations, such as Schlumberger and Prad Research and Development; 3M and the University of Texas; MIT and BP. The United States, followed by Canada and the European Patent Office (EPO), have a maximum number of patent filings while China is the only Asian country to file patents on tight gas formations. Over 50% of the patents filed have been made through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) route indicating the assignees' intent to practice these technologies globally. Schlumberger is a key player in the tight gas recovery area focusing on hydraulic fracturing and slick water fracturing. The patents disclosed by these companies disclose acid fracturing in addition to hydraulic fracturing. ExxonMobil has also filed a patent each on multistage fracturing and thermal fracturing, in addition to hydraulic fracturing. Halliburton and Baker Hughes also focus mainly on hydraulic fracturing. Baker Hughes has one patent on slick water fracturing and one patent on acid fracturing, while Halliburton has one patent on foam fracturing.
Intermediate Casing Collapse Induced by Casing Wear in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Wells
Authors: Shen Z.. , Beck F. E.
Published: May 2012

Casing integrity is extremely important to downhole zonal isolation and preventing well instability. The reduction of casing strength not only occurs in directional drilling, but is also observed in vertical drilling with a slight deviation angle. Deteriorated casing in most hydrocarbon wells is reported from the onset of casing wear by the presence of friction force during the rotation of drillpipe. The friction on the casing wall causes the reduction of casing strength. Furthermore, the combination of corrosive drilling fluids with the rotation of drillpipe could dramatically degrade the casing strength. Although casing burst and collapse strength have been emphasized by many researchers, little research has presented the mechanical response of the worn casing. The studies that do exist on casing wear are not relevant for field applications because they do not consider the effects of high temperature and the surrounding formation. Therefore, it is urgent to obtain a proper stress profile of worn casing in order to reveal the true downhole information.

Based on the boundary superposition principle, we propose an analytical solution for the worn casing model that accounts for the contribution of thermal stress. We focus on the stress evolution in worn casing from the effects of high temperature and the confining formation. The predicted results show that the higher thermal loads largely increase the stress concentration of the worn casing, subsequently weakening the casing strength. The finite element solutions indicate that the radial stress in worn casing is not impacted as much as the hoop stress. The remaining part of the worn casing is subject to compression failure, along with an increase of the burst pressure or the elevated temperature.
Investigating the Mechanism of Water Inflow in Gas Wells in Fractured Gas Reservoirs and Designing a Controlling Method
Authors: Jafari Iman , jamshidi Saeid , masihi Mohsen
Published: May 2012

The coning phenomenon usually occurs in water and gas cap drive reservoirs. Water coning in Iranian hydrocarbon reservoirs is one of the most important problems that affects the cumulative production, operation costs and causes environmental problems. Before producing from a reservoir, its fluids are in equilibrium and their contact surfaces remain unchanged, but after starting production from the reservoir, when the viscous force overcome gravitational force in vertical direction, contact surfaces will displace and coning will occur. So, the production rates will be controlled in a range that prevents entering water and gas to the production well. For this reason, investigation and modeling of this phenomenon is extremely necessary. In this paper, the coning phenomenon in one of Iranian gas reservoir had simulated using Eclipse 300 software and parameters affecting coning had studied. Results of this work have shown that water production behavior in fractured gas reservoirs is mostly depending on production rate. Also, sensitivity analysis revealed that the sensitivity of coning time to the changes of fracture horizontal permeability is more than changes of matrix horizontal permeability and fracture vertical permeability. In addition, sensitivity of coning time to the fracture porosity changes is more than matrix one.
An Integrated Approach to Well Integrity Evaluation via Reliability Assessment of Well Integrity Tools and Methods: Results from Dukhan Field, Qatar
Authors: Singh Sanjay K , Subekti Herry , Al-Asmakh Mona , Al-Samarraie Layth
Published: May 2012

Qatar Petroleum's super-giant Dukhan field located onshore Qatar has a mature inventory of hundreds of wells. Managing integrity of such mature well inventory to avoid unplanned downtime has been no less crucial than any other activity to maximizing production and injection. This involves costly wellwork decisions for integrity control and repair, which rely heavily on data obtained from a well integrity monitoring program. Well integrity monitoring program ranges from using basic methods to state-of-the-art downhole monitoring tools. Their applications are almost always associated with limitations that impose uncertainty in well integrity evaluation. This paper presents an integrated approach Qatar Petroleum used to address this issue. This approach consisted of performing reliability assessment of the entire array of available tools and methods against given well conditions with a matrix of assessment criteria. This matrix enabled selection of a fit-for-purpose set of tools and methods with clear understanding of their strengths and limitations. Techniques of correlation, bracketing and elimination were then applied to analyze the outputs obtained from using the selected set of tools and methods. The approach allowed detecting well integrity problems and determining their severity with minimal uncertainty. The paper focuses on intricacies of the approach, and how its implementation results in a sound well integrity evaluation. It also presents field examples that demonstrate efficacy of the approach in supporting costly wellwork decisions for restoring well integrity. Successfully restoring the well integrity unlocked revenue potential, made quick payout of the wellwork costs and extended the field life.
Increasing both Productivity and Competitive Advantage on GASCO Plants with Using Simulation Software
Authors: Riad Tamer Hamdy
Published: May 2012

Gasco operates two NGL plants located in Alexandria; Amerya LPG plant and Western Desert Gas Complex (WDGC). Recently, Gasco has started up a new project that integrates the two plants to maximize Ethane and Propane productivity. The project design is based on adding new process facilities in Amerya plant to start producing C2+ that directed to WDGC, while a new train is added in WDGC to increase the feed gas capacity and maximize C2+ recovery by applying the Gas Subcooled Process (GSP) as Ethan mode of operation scheme.

This paper presents a study to increase the productivity of the two plants by using simulation software to help the decision making for what the optimum conditions should be applied in different modes of operation to increase the production.