bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Space-Borne SBAS-DInSAR Technique as a Supporting Tool for Sustainable Urban Policies: The Case of Istanbul Megacity, Turkey
Authors: Calò Fabiana , Abdikan Saygin , Görüm Tolga , Pepe Antonio , Kiliç Havvanur , Balik Şanli Füsun
Published: December 2015

In today’s urbanizing world, home of 28 megacities, there is a growing need for tools to assess urban policies and support the design and implementation of effective development strategies. Unsustainable practices of urbanization bring major implications for land and environment, and cause a dramatic increase of urban vulnerability to natural hazards. In Istanbul megacity, disaster risk reduction represents a challenging issue for urban managers. In this paper, we show the relevance of the space-borne Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) technique as a tool for supporting risk management, and thus contributing to achieve the urban sustainability. To this aim, we use a dataset of high resolution SAR images collected by the TerraSAR-X satellite that have been processed through the advanced (multi-temporal) Small BAseline Subset (SBAS)—DInSAR technique, thus producing spatially-dense deformation velocity maps and associated time-series. Results allow to depict an up-to-date picture of surface deformations occurring in Istanbul, and thus to identify urban areas subject to potential risk. The joint analysis of remotely sensed measurements and ancillary data (geological and urban development information) provides an opportunity for city planners and land professionals to discuss on the mutual relationship between urban development policies and natural/man-made hazards.
Bottom Reflectance in Ocean Color Satellite Remote Sensing for Coral Reef Environments
Authors: Reichstetter Martina , Fearns Peter , Weeks Scarla , McKinna Lachlan , Roelfsema Chris , Furnas Miles
Published: December 2015

Most ocean color algorithms are designed for optically deep waters, where the seafloor has little or no effect on remote sensing reflectance. This can lead to inaccurate retrievals of inherent optical properties (IOPs) in optically shallow water environments. Here, we investigate in situ hyperspectral bottom reflectance signatures and their separability for coral reef waters, when observed at the spectral resolutions of MODIS and SeaWiFS sensors. We use radiative transfer modeling to calculate the effects of bottom reflectance on the remote sensing reflectance signal, and assess detectability and discrimination of common coral reef bottom classes by clustering modeled remote sensing reflectance signals. We assess 8280 scenarios, including four IOPs, 23 depths and 45 bottom classes at MODIS and SeaWiFS bands. Our results show: (i) no significant contamination (Rrscorr < 0.0005) of bottom reflectance on the spectrally-averaged remote sensing reflectance signal at depths >17 m for MODIS and >19 m for SeaWiFS for the brightest spectral reflectance substrate (light sand) in clear reef waters; and (ii) bottom cover classes can be combined into two distinct groups, “light” and “dark”, based on the modeled surface reflectance signals. This study establishes that it is possible to efficiently improve parameterization of bottom reflectance and water-column IOP retrievals in shallow water ocean color models for coral reef environments.
Antibody Microarray for E. coli O157:H7 and Shiga Toxin in Microtiter Plates
Authors: Gehring Andrew , Brewster Jeffrey , He Yiping , Irwin Peter , Paoli George , Simons Tawana , Tu Shu-I , Uknalis Joseph
Published: December 2015

Antibody microarray is a powerful analytical technique because of its inherent ability to simultaneously discriminate and measure numerous analytes, therefore making the technique conducive to both the multiplexed detection and identification of bacterial analytes (i.e., whole cells, as well as associated metabolites and/or toxins). We developed a sandwich fluorescent immunoassay combined with a high-throughput, multiwell plate microarray detection format. Inexpensive polystyrene plates were employed containing passively adsorbed, array-printed capture antibodies. During sample reaction, centrifugation was the only strategy found to significantly improve capture, and hence detection, of bacteria (pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7) to planar capture surfaces containing printed antibodies. Whereas several other sample incubation techniques (e.g., static vs. agitation) had minimal effect. Immobilized bacteria were labeled with a red-orange-fluorescent dye (Alexa Fluor 555) conjugated antibody to allow for quantitative detection of the captured bacteria with a laser scanner. Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) could be simultaneously detected along with the cells, but none of the agitation techniques employed during incubation improved detection of the relatively small biomolecule. Under optimal conditions, the assay had demonstrated limits of detection of ~5.8 × 105 cells/mL and 110 ng/mL for E. coli O157:H7 and Stx1, respectively, in a ~75 min total assay time.
Seasonal Hydrological Loading in Southern Tibet Detected by Joint Analysis of GPS and GRACE
Authors: Zou Rong , Wang Qi , Freymueller Jeffrey , Poutanen Markku , Cao Xuelian , Zhang Caihong , Yang Shaomin , He Ping
Published: December 2015

In southern Tibet, ongoing vertical and horizontal motions due to the collision between India and Eurasia are monitored by large numbers of global positioning system (GPS) continuous and campaign sites installed in the past decade. Displacements measured by GPS usually include tectonic deformation as well as non-tectonic, time-dependent signals. To estimate the regional long-term tectonic deformation using GPS more precisely, seasonal elastic deformation signals associated with surface loading must be removed from the observations. In this study, we focus on seasonal variation in vertical and horizontal motions of southern Tibet by performing a joint analysis of GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GPS data, not only using continuous sites but also GPS campaign-mode sites. We found that the GPS-observed and GRACE-modeled seasonal oscillations are in good agreements, and a seasonal displacement model demonstrates that the main reason for seasonal variations in southern Tibet is from the summer monsoon and its precipitation. The biggest loading appears from July to August in the summer season. Vertical deformations observed by GPS and modeled by GRACE are two to three times larger than horizontal oscillations, and the north components demonstrate larger amplitudes than the east components. We corrected the GPS position time series using the GRACE-modeled seasonal variations, which gives significant reductions in the misfit and weighted root-mean-squares (WRMS). Misfit ( χ 2 divided by degree of freedom) reductions for campaign sites range between 20% and 56% for the vertical component, and are much smaller for the horizontal components. Moreover, time series of continuous GPS (cGPS) sites near the 2015 Nepal earthquakes must be corrected using appropriate models of seasonal loading for analyzing postseismic deformation to avoid biasing estimates of the postseismic relaxation.
Maximum-Likelihood Estimator of Clock Offset between Nanomachines in Bionanosensor Networks
Authors: Lin Lin , Yang Chengfeng , Ma Maode
Published: December 2015

Recent advances in nanotechnology, electronic technology and biology have enabled the development of bio-inspired nanoscale sensors. The cooperation among the bionanosensors in a network is envisioned to perform complex tasks. Clock synchronization is essential to establish diffusion-based distributed cooperation in the bionanosensor networks. This paper proposes a maximum-likelihood estimator of the clock offset for the clock synchronization among molecular bionanosensors. The unique properties of diffusion-based molecular communication are described. Based on the inverse Gaussian distribution of the molecular propagation delay, a two-way message exchange mechanism for clock synchronization is proposed. The maximum-likelihood estimator of the clock offset is derived. The convergence and the bias of the estimator are analyzed. The simulation results show that the proposed estimator is effective for the offset compensation required for clock synchronization. This work paves the way for the cooperation of nanomachines in diffusion-based bionanosensor networks.
DOA Estimation under Unknown Mutual Coupling and Multipath with Improved Effective Array Aperture
Authors: Wang Yuexian , Trinkle Matthew , Ng Brian
Published: December 2015

Subspace-based high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation significantly deteriorates under array manifold perturbation and rank deficiency of the covariance matrix due to mutual coupling and multipath propagation, respectively. In this correspondence, the unknown mutual coupling can be circumvented by the proposed method without any passive or active calibration process, and the DOA of the coherent signals can be accurately estimated accordingly. With a newly constructed matrix, the deficient rank can be restored, and the effective array aperture can be extended compared with conventional spatial smoothing. The proposed method achieves a good robustness and DOA estimation accuracy with unknown mutual coupling. The simulation results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
Development of a 3D Underground Cadastral System with Indoor Mapping for As-Built BIM: The Case Study of Gangnam Subway Station in Korea
Authors: Kim Sangmin , Kim Jeonghyun , Jung Jaehoon , Heo Joon
Published: December 2015

The cadastral system provides land ownership information by registering and representing land boundaries on a map. The current cadastral system in Korea, however, focuses mainly on the management of 2D land-surface boundaries. It is not yet possible to provide efficient or reliable land administration, as this 2D system cannot support or manage land information on 3D properties (including architectures and civil infrastructures) for both above-ground and underground facilities. A geometrical model of the 3D parcel, therefore, is required for registration of 3D properties. This paper, considering the role of the cadastral system, proposes a framework for a 3D underground cadastral system that can register various types of 3D underground properties using indoor mapping for as-built Building Information Modeling (BIM). The implementation consists of four phases: (1) geometric modeling of a real underground infrastructure using terrestrial laser scanning data; (2) implementation of as-built BIM based on geometric modeling results; (3) accuracy assessment for created as-built BIM using reference points acquired by total station; and (4) creation of three types of 3D underground cadastral map to represent underground properties. The experimental results, based on indoor mapping for as-built BIM, show that the proposed framework for a 3D underground cadastral system is able to register the rights, responsibilities, and restrictions corresponding to the 3D underground properties. In this way, clearly identifying the underground physical situation enables more reliable and effective decision-making in all aspects of the national land administration system.
An Intelligent Optical Dissolved Oxygen Measurement Method Based on a Fluorescent Quenching Mechanism
Authors: Li Fengmei , Wei Yaoguang , Chen Yingyi , Li Daoliang , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2015

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key factor that influences the healthy growth of fishes in aquaculture. The DO content changes with the aquatic environment and should therefore be monitored online. However, traditional measurement methods, such as iodometry and other chemical analysis methods, are not suitable for online monitoring. The Clark method is not stable enough for extended periods of monitoring. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an intelligent DO measurement method based on the fluorescence quenching mechanism. The measurement system is composed of fluorescent quenching detection, signal conditioning, intelligent processing, and power supply modules. The optical probe adopts the fluorescent quenching mechanism to detect the DO content and solves the problem, whereas traditional chemical methods are easily influenced by the environment. The optical probe contains a thermistor and dual excitation sources to isolate visible parasitic light and execute a compensation strategy. The intelligent processing module adopts the IEEE 1451.2 standard and realizes intelligent compensation. Experimental results show that the optical measurement method is stable, accurate, and suitable for online DO monitoring in aquaculture applications.
Polycrystalline Silicon ISFETs on Glass Substrate
Authors: Yan Feng , Estrela Pedro , Mo Yang , Migliorato Piero , Maeda Hiroshi
Published: December 2015

The Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) operation based onpolycrystalline silicon thin film transistors is reported. These devices can be fabricated oninexpensive disposable substrates such as glass or plastics and are, therefore, promisingcandidates for low cost single-use intelligent multisensors. In this work we have developedan extended gate structure with PE-CVD Si3N4 deposited on top of a conductor, which alsoprovides the electrical connection to the remote TFT gate. Nearly ideal pH sensitivity(54 mV/pH) and stable operation have been achieved. Temperature effects have also beencharacterized. A penicillin sensor has been fabricated by functionalizing the sensing areawith penicillinase. The shift increases almost linearly upon the increase of penicillinconcentration until saturation is reached for ~ 7 mM. Poly-Si TFT structures with a goldsensing area have been also successfully applied to field-effect detection of DNA.
Assessing Energy Security Using Indicator-Based Analysis: The Case of ASEAN Member Countries
Authors: Kanchana Kamonphorn , Unesaki Hironobu
Published: December 2015

Using indicator-based assessment, this study examines the energy security of nine Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries to see how it has evolved over the past 12 years and identifies a country-specific energy security context for each country. The assessment uses 42 energy security indicators, which can be separated into five components: overall energy balance, socio-economic aspect, domestic energy resources, overseas energy demands and resources, and diversification of energy supply. The findings show different energy security situations among ASEAN member nations that are a result of national energy contexts, specifically uneven economic and energy infrastructure developments. The context, at a national level, affects the connotation of energy security and the interpretation of the indicators, which reflects different primary issues of concern regarding energy security. At the international level, due to the diversity, the interconnection of intra-regional energy markets could contribute to energy self-reliance of the region. Adversely, the difference could hinder the prospect of cooperation due to the lack of consensus on shared value.
Effects of Regional Creative Milieu on Interregional Migration of the Highly Educated in Korea: Evidence from Hierarchical Cross-Classified Linear Modeling
Authors: Choi Ye , Lim Up
Published: December 2015

This study empirically investigates the effects of a regional creative milieu on the migration inflows and outflows of the highly educated between urbanized areas in Korea. To estimate the push and pull effects, we use the 5% Population and Housing Census (2005) and employ a hierarchical cross-classified linear model as an empirical modeling framework. The graduate migration between areas is generally affected by regional and individual characteristics. To this effect, the literature suggests that highly-educated individuals tend to significantly value diverse and creative regional amenities in migration decision making. Our results reveal that, regarding the push and pull effect for the highly educated, talent and tolerance in a region and a high level of the creativity index in a region are likely to increase the likelihood of in-migration and decrease that of out-migration by lowering the barriers to entry for the highly educated. Our findings emphasize the role of regions with well-established amenities as a creative milieu for attracting the highly educated and, thus, have significant implications for sustainable regional development policies.
Region-Specific Indicators for Assessing the Sustainability of Biomass Utilisation in East Asia
Authors: Kudoh Yuki , Sagisaka Masayuki , Chen Sau , Elauria Jessie , Gheewala Shabbir , Hasanudin Udin , Romero Jane , Sharma Vinod , Shi Xunpeng
Published: December 2015

This paper presents the findings of an expert working group of researchers from East Asian countries. The group was tasked with developing a theoretically sound and practically implementable methodology for assessing the sustainability of biomass utilisation in East Asian countries based on the needs and potential of biomass resources in this region. Building on six years of research conducted between 2007 and 2013, the working group formulated a set of main and secondary indicators for biomass utilisation under three pillars of sustainability. For the environmental pillar, the main indicator was life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and secondary indicators were water consumption and soil quality. For the economic pillar, the main indicator was total value added and secondary indicators were net profit, productivity, and net energy balance. For the social pillar, the main indicators were employment generation and access to modern energy, and the secondary indicator was the human development index. The application of the working group methodology and indicators in sustainability assessments of biomass utilisation will enable decision makers in East Asian countries to compare the sustainability of biomass utilisation options and to make decisions on whether or not to launch or sustain biomass utilisation initiatives.
Recent Advances for the Detection of Ochratoxin A
Authors: Ha Tai
Published: December 2015

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the mycotoxins secreted by Aspersillus and Penicillium that can easily colonize various grains like coffee, peanut, rice, and maize. Since OTA is a chemically stable compound that can endure the physicochemical conditions of modern food processing, additional research efforts have been devoted to develop sensitive and cost-effective surveillance solutions. Although traditional chromatographic and immunoassays appear to be mature enough to attain sensitivity up to the regulation levels, alternative detection schemes are still being enthusiastically pursued in an attempt to meet the requirements of rapid and cost-effective detections. Herein, this review presents recent progresses in OTA detections with minimal instrumental usage, which have been facilitated by the development of OTA aptamers and by the innovations in functional nanomaterials. In addition to the introduction of aptamer-based OTA detection techniques, OTA-specific detection principles are also presented, which exclusively take advantage of the unique chemical structure and related physicochemical characteristics.
Preface Biological Toxins—Ancient Molecules Posing a Current Threat
Authors: Dorner Brigitte , Rummel Andreas
Published: December 2015

Based on their characteristics, biological toxins are at the interface of classical biological and chemical agents: for example, ricin and saxitoxin are prohibited substances under both the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention.[...]
Prophage-Encoded Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A: Regulation of Production in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Representing Different Sea Regions
Authors: Zeaki Nikoleta , Budi Susilo Yusak , Pregiel Anna , Rådström Peter , Schelin Jenny
Published: December 2015

The present study investigates the nature of the link between the staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) gene and the lifecycle of Siphoviridae bacteriophages, including the origin of strain variation regarding SEA production after prophage induction. Five strains representing three different genetic lines of the sea region were studied under optimal and prophage-induced growth conditions and the Siphoviridae lifecycle was followed through the phage replicative form copies and transcripts of the lysogenic repressor, cro. The role of SOS response on prophage induction was addressed through recA transcription in a recA-disruption mutant. Prophage induction was found to increase the abundance of the phage replicative form, the sea gene copies and transcripts and enhance SEA production. Sequence analysis of the sea regions revealed that observed strain variances were related to strain capacity for prophage induction, rather than sequence differences in the sea region. The impact of SOS response activation on the phage lifecycle was demonstrated by the absence of phage replicative form copies in the recA-disruption mutant after prophage induction. From this study it emerges that all aspects of SEA-producing strain, the Siphoviridae phage and the food environment must be considered when evaluating SEA-related hazards.
Infectious Entry Pathway of Enterovirus B Species
Authors: Marjomäki Varpu , Turkki Paula , Huttunen Moona
Published: December 2015

Enterovirus B species (EV-B) are responsible for a vast number of mild and serious acute infections. They are also suspected of remaining in the body, where they cause persistent infections contributing to chronic diseases such as type I diabetes. Recent studies of the infectious entry pathway of these viruses revealed remarkable similarities, including non-clathrin entry of large endosomes originating from the plasma membrane invaginations. Many cellular factors regulating the efficient entry have recently been associated with macropinocytic uptake, such as Rac1, serine/threonine p21-activated kinase (Pak1), actin, Na/H exchanger, phospholipace C (PLC) and protein kinase Cα (PKCα). Another characteristic feature is the entry of these viruses to neutral endosomes, independence of endosomal acidification and low association with acidic lysosomes. The biogenesis of neutral multivesicular bodies is crucial for their infection, at least for echovirus 1 (E1) and coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9). These pathways are triggered by the virus binding to their receptors on the plasma membrane, and they are not efficiently recycled like other cellular pathways used by circulating receptors. Therefore, the best “markers” of these pathways may be the viruses and often their receptors. A deeper understanding of this pathway and associated endosomes is crucial in elucidating the mechanisms of enterovirus uncoating and genome release from the endosomes to start efficient replication.
Bacteriophage Mediates Efficient Gene Transfer in Combination with Conventional Transfection Reagents
Authors: Donnelly Amanda , Yata Teerapong , Bentayebi Kaoutar , Suwan Keittisak , Hajitou Amin
Published: December 2015

The development of commercially available transfection reagents for gene transfer applications has revolutionized the field of molecular biology and scientific research. However, the challenge remains in ensuring that they are efficient, safe, reproducible and cost effective. Bacteriophage (phage)-based viral vectors have the potential to be utilized for general gene transfer applications within research and industry. Yet, they require adaptations in order to enable them to efficiently enter cells and overcome mammalian cellular barriers, as they infect bacteria only; furthermore, limited progress has been made at increasing their efficiency. The production of a novel hybrid nanocomplex system consisting of two different nanomaterial systems, phage vectors and conventional transfection reagents, could overcome these limitations. Here we demonstrate that the combination of cationic lipids, cationic polymers or calcium phosphate with M13 bacteriophage-derived vectors, engineered to carry a mammalian transgene cassette, resulted in increased cellular attachment, entry and improved transgene expression in human cells. Moreover, addition of a targeting ligand into the nanocomplex system, through genetic engineering of the phage capsid further increased gene expression and was effective in a stable cell line generation application. Overall, this new hybrid nanocomplex system (i) provides enhanced phage-mediated gene transfer; (ii) is applicable for laboratory transfection processes and (iii) shows promise within industry for large-scale gene transfer applications.
Roles of HTLV-1 basic Zip Factor (HBZ) in Viral Chronicity and Leukemic Transformation. Potential New Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent and Treat HTLV-1-Related Diseases
Authors: Mesnard Jean-Michel , Barbeau Benoit , Césaire Raymond , Péloponèse Jean-Marie
Published: December 2015

More than thirty years have passed since human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was described as the first retrovirus to be the causative agent of a human cancer, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), but the precise mechanism behind HTLV-1 pathogenesis still remains elusive. For more than two decades, the transforming ability of HTLV-1 has been exclusively associated to the viral transactivator Tax. Thirteen year ago, we first reported that the minus strand of HTLV-1 encoded for a basic Zip factor factor (HBZ), and since then several teams have underscored the importance of this antisense viral protein for the maintenance of a chronic infection and the proliferation of infected cells. More recently, we as well as others have demonstrated that HBZ has the potential to transform cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the latest progress in our understanding of HBZ functions in chronicity and cellular transformation. We will discuss the involvement of this paradigm shift of HTLV-1 research on new therapeutic approaches to treat HTLV-1-related human diseases.
Application of Oral Fluid Assays in Support of Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Control Programs
Authors: Maple Peter
Published: December 2015

Detection of specific viral antibody or nucleic acid produced by infection or immunization, using oral fluid samples, offers increased potential for wider population uptake compared to blood sampling. This methodology is well established for the control of HIV and measles infections, but can also be applied to the control of other vaccine preventable infections, and this review describes the application of oral fluid assays in support of mumps, rubella and varicella national immunization programs. In England and Wales individuals with suspected mumps or rubella, based on clinical presentation, can have an oral fluid swab sample taken for case confirmation. Universal varicella immunization of children has led to a drastic reduction of chickenpox in those countries where it is used; however, in England and Wales such a policy has not been instigated. Consequently, in England and Wales most children have had chickenpox by age 10 years; however, small, but significant, numbers of adults remain susceptible. Targeted varicella zoster virus (VZV) immunization of susceptible adolescents offers the potential to reduce the pool of susceptible adults and oral fluid determination of VZV immunity in adolescents is a potential means of identifying susceptible individuals in need of VZV vaccination. The main application of oral fluid testing is in those circumstances where blood sampling is deemed not necessary, or is undesirable, and when the documented sensitivity and specificity of the oral fluid assay methodology to be used is considered sufficient for the purpose intended.
Comparative Studies of Different Imputation Methods for Recovering Streamflow Observation
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Baek Sangsoo , Ligaray Mayzonee , Pyo Jongcheol , Park Minji , Cho Kyung
Published: December 2015

Faulty field sensors cause unreliability in the observed data that needed to calibrate and assess hydrology models. However, it is illogical to ignore abnormal or missing values if there are limited data available. This study addressed this problem by applying data imputation to replace incorrect values and recover missing streamflow information in the dataset of the Samho gauging station at Taehwa River (TR), Korea from 2004 to 2006. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and two machine learning techniques, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Self Organizing Map (SOM), were employed to estimate streamflow using reasonable flow datasets of Samho station from 2004 to 2009. The machine learning models were generally better at capturing high flows, while SWAT was better at simulating low flows.
An Amplification Model for the Regional Estimation of Extreme Rainfall within Orographic Areas in Campania Region (Italy)
Authors: Pelosi Anna , Furcolo Pierluigi
Published: December 2015

Orography strongly interacts with the atmospheric circulation, especially during frontal events, generating an enhanced spatial variability of the rainfall field. Regional models of extreme rainfall have to deal with these circumstances in order to provide good spatial estimation of the regionalized variable. We present a model for the regional estimation of the mean of the probability distribution of the annual daily rainfall maxima in a region (Campania, Southern Italy) with complex orography. In a recent work, we found that areas with enhanced variability of extreme rainfall, in the same region, correspond to a particular set of orographic objects, which had been classified through an automatic, GIS-based geomorphological procedure. Here, we propose an approach that considers the same orographic objects as building blocks for a regional model that is able to capture the amplification of extreme rainfall caused by orography. The regional model is then the product of a basic stationary random spatial process and an amplification factor, whose values are related to the topographic features of the orographic objects. This approach represents a step towards the improvement of the predictive ability of regional models of extreme rainfall within orographically complex areas.
Uncertainty Analysis in the Evaluation of Extreme Rainfall Trends and Its Implications on Urban Drainage System Design
Authors: Notaro Vincenza , Liuzzo Lorena , Freni Gabriele , La Loggia Goffredo
Published: December 2015

Future projections provided by climate models suggest that the occurrence of extreme rainfall events will increase and this is evidence that the climate is changing. Because the design of urban drainage systems is based on the statistical analysis of past events, variations in the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall represent a critical issue for the estimation of rainfall. For this reason, the design criteria of drainage systems should take into account the trends in the past and the future climate changes projections. To this end, a Bayesian procedure was proposed to update the parameters of depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curves to assess the uncertainty related to the estimation of these values, once the evidence of annual maximum rainfall trends was verified. Namely, in the present study, the historical extreme rainfall series with durations of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h for the period of 1950–2008, recorded by the rain gauges located near the Paceco urban area (southern Italy), were analyzed to detect statistically significant trends using the non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall test. Based on the rainfall trends, the parameters of the DDF curves for a five‐year return period were updated to define some climate scenarios. Finally, the implications of the uncertainty related to the DDF parameters estimation on the design of a real urban drainage system was assessed to provide an evaluation of its performance under the assumption of climate change. Results showed that the future increase of annual maximum precipitation in the area of study would affect the analyzed drainage system, which could face more frequent episodes of surcharge.
L'institut catholique de Paris : politique et architecture sous la Troisième République
Authors: Georgeon-Liskenne Anne
Published: December 2015

"The Catholic University of Paris : some thoughts on policy and architecture in the Third Republic", by Anne Georgeon-Liskenne.

Founded in 1875 in the wake of the law on Higher Education, the University then Catholic University of Paris has been housed in the monastic premises of the Carmélites in the rues d'Assas and de Vaugirard for about twenty years. In 1894 a first building is constructed of brick and iron-framed in a Gothic neo-Roman style by the architect of Historie Monuments, Gabriel Ruprich-Robert. As it has to face financial difficulties and an anticlérical Third Republic that Sequesters religious goods in accordance with the 1905 Law, only in 1929 is the Catholic University of Paris allowed to buy back its premises and to have the rue d'Assas building completed by the same Gabriel Ruprich-Robert in the same style used forty years ago.
Un « Port-Royal laïque » : l'école normale supérieure d'institutrices à Fontenay-aux-Roses
Authors: Le Cœur Marc
Published: December 2015

"A 'secular Port-Royal' : the Ecole normale supérieure for schoolmistresses in Fontenay-aux- Roses", by Marc Le Cœur.

Founded in 1880, the Ecole de Fontenay was long in one of the key positions in the System of primary éducation ; besides, it is also hère the French higher education opened up to women. Yet, despite its significant part, the institution did not find expression in monumental buildings : it was housed in some ancient buildings during the first years, subsequently by brick buildings looking like a comfortable middle-class house, opened out onto a vast park. Its facilities history was marked by the meeting of two Protestant personalities : the old pastor, Félix Pécaut, who was the "spirit" of the school, and the architect Charles Le Coeur. Year after year, after many plans were wrecked, the second one successfully made the new buildings convey the secular and feminist ideals the first one meant to inculcate in the young girls he was responsible for. Built on simple lines, the Ecole de Fontenay contrasted with the new Sorbonne, erected at the same time. Yet, both of them convey in their own way a certain idea of the Republic.
L'agrandissement des installations du Collège de France sous la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Lefranc Olivier
Published: December 2015

"Enlarging the premises of the College de France in the reign of Louis Philippe", by Olivier Lefranc.

As a very old institution of higher education and higher research, the College de France did not get significant facilities until the late 18th Century. The great architect Chalgrin had been commissioned by Louis XV to design a proper building between 1774 and 1778, but it had not been sturdily built and thus had almost fallen into ruin by 1830. It was located in the heart of the Paris Quartier Latin, hemmed into a too dense and unhealthy urban area down the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, where flood caused considérable damage to the floors and walls. Renovating and enlarging the previous buildings was budgeted by the successive governments under the rule of Louis-Philippe, first spurred on by Adolphe Thiers from 1833 to 1841 ; thus the surface area was unprecedentedly doubled and several neigh bouring houses were bought to make way for the building. The enlarged building is in a severe style as Chalgrin had intended, that was proper for a state-approved scientific institution, and Classical options are quite respected. Chalgrin first made these choices and Lebas, followed by Letarouilly who had it completed, stuck to this initial design.
La doctrine de la restauration en France entre les deux guerres : quelques considérations sur la mise à jour de la discipline
Authors: Garnero Stéphane
Published: December 2015

"The doctrine of restoration in France between the two World Wars : some thoughts on the revised tenets", by Stéphane Garnero.

The 1920s and 1930s were a period of crucial importance for developments in the theory of restoration. An analysis of France's position, based on the procès-verbaux of the Commission des monuments historiques and the décisions made at that meeting, reveals a complicated and complexly-structured situation. On the one hand, restorations were carried out ensuring continuity with a nineteenth-century model, based on the theory of Viollet-le-Duc. On the other, new, internationally-discussed principles were emerging, in which, contrary to popular belief, France played a leading role. Reading between the lines of a doctrine that was never clearly explained, there appears to be an alternative to the théories of Giovannoni, characterized by a perfect balance between tradition and innovation.
La piscine de Pantin (1935-1937) : une réalisation architecturale et sociale d'envergure
Authors: Inizan Christelle
Published: December 2015

"The swimming pool of Pantin : an ambitious architectural and social achievement", by Christelle Inizan.

In 1935, while the construction of a sewage pumping and treatment plant was planned by the administration of the French water Utility, the town Council of Pantin decided to have a municipal swimming pool built nearby. It would be supplied with warm waters drawn from one of the neighbouring wells. The mayor of the time, Charles Auray, commissioned his son, as a twenty-four-year-old architect, and appointed Jean Molinié, as a more experienced engineer, to him. The two buildings were definitely architecturally related, which would be paradoxically emphasized by the eventual alterations of the factory façades. Combining ail the features characteristic of the contemporary swimming pools, the swimming pool of Pantin freely borrows from the works of one of the most outstanding personalities of the Dutch Modem Movement, the architect Willem Marinus Dudok.
La piscine du Palais de Cristal à Metz : une apocalypse joyeuse
Authors: Pignon-Feller Christiane
Published: December 2015

« Der frohe Untergang der Badeanstalt Kristallpalast in Metz », von Christiane Pignon-Feller.

Während der Annektierung der Mosel durch das Deutsche Kaiserreich übernimmt Johann Balassa, ein junger österreichisch-ungarischer Architekt, eigenmächtig die Aufgabe der Stadtverwaltung, in der Stadt Metz eine ganz neuartige Badeanstalt zu bauen (1907-1910).

Zum großen Ärger der Stadtväter und entgegen der bestehenden urbanen und ästhetischen Regeln sprengt er den ihm zugestandenen Rahmen. Er setzt sich zwar als Modell die Thermen der Antike und die Badeanstalten der Kurorte des 19. Jahrhunderts, bietet aber in Metz eine beispielhafte Mischung aus technischer Modernität und ungewohntem Dekor, die auf spielerische Art den Kult des Körpers und die hedonistische Philosophie zelebriert.

Das erste Gebäude wird aus Metzer Stahlbeton von dem Bauunternehmer und Baumeister Nicolas Dietsch gebaut. Dank dessen fortgeschrittener Technik wird das selbsttragende Schwimmbecken in die zweite Etage gehoben. Becken sowie Wände und Fassade werden mit Kristall- und Mosaikscheiben geschmückt, was der Anstalt seinen Namen Kristallpalast verleiht. Die Ornamente aus Gips, Glas und Kunstschmiedeeisen werden bei den besten Meistern der Wiener Sezession und der Wiener Werkstätte ausgesucht.

Die Anstalt bietet den Metzern außerdem alles mögliche für Körperpflege an, so wie jede moderne und benutzerfreundliche Unterhaltung dieser Zeit, unter anderem Kinos, Automatenrestaurants, Spielsäle... Schon nach ein paar Wochen Betrieb aber versinkt « die schönste Anstalt dieser Art in Deutschland » in einem Bankrott ohne Beispiel und wird im Verlauf der wechselvollen Stadtgeschichte leider völlig unkenntlich gemacht.
La piscine municipale de Bruay-en-Artois et le socialisme municipal d'Henri Cadot
Authors: Verdure Marc
Published: December 2015

« Der Bau der Badeanstalt in Bruay-en-Artois unter der sozialistischen Stadtverwaltung Henri Cadots », von Marc Verdure.

In der Zwischenkriegszeit entwickelt sich eine urbane Politik, die auf die Verbesserung des Lebensrahmens der Stadtbewohner ausgerichtet ist. Besonders in dieser Zeit der allgemeinen Begeisterung für Sport erweist sich der Bau von Sportanlagen als eine ganz bedeutsame Aufgabe der Stadtverwaltungen im Wettbewerb mit privaten Trägern. Das Beispiel des Freibads von Bruay in den Jahren 1935-1936 führt alle politischen Interessen vor Augen. Aufgrund des damaligen Wahlkampfes gibt der Bau Anlass zu dauernden Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den sozialistischen Behörden und der mächtigen Compagnie des Mines de Bruay (Bergwerkgesellschaft), die beiderseits die Zustimmung der Einwohner erringen wollen. Das Schwimmbad von Bruay, das zu den ersten Experimenten dieser Art in Frankreich zählt, wird als eine Erholungsanlage mit Park und Stadium gebaut, wo sowohl Sport als auch öffentliche Gesundheit gefördert werden sollen. Der Architekt Paul Hanote (1879- 1953) entschließt sich für Symmetrie, waagerechte und gerade Linien je nach dem Art Déco Stil. Er übernimmt andererseits die in den Fachzeitschriften geäußerten Prinzipien des Funktionalismus : zwar moderne einfache Materialien verwenden, aber monumentale Formen bevorzugen.
Les battues administratives aux loups mises en échec par la Convention de Berne
Authors: Bohbot Corinne
Published: December 2015

Si la réapparition du loup en France enrichit incontestablement le patrimoine faunistique, elle alimente aussi la querelle entre partisans d'une protection totale des espèces menacées et opposants. La rumeur d'une réintroduction non naturelle, bien que scientifiquement démentie, a conduit des conseils municipaux de communes du parc du Mercantour à prendre des délibérations visant à la destruction des loups en application de l'article L. 2122-21-9° du CGCT (Code général des collectivités territoriales). Dans le cadre de déférés exercés par le préfet des Alpes-Maritimes devant le juge administratif, ces délibérations ont été annulées pour défaut de base légale au motif de l'incompatibilité de l'article L. 2122-21-9° avec les stipulations de la Convention de Berne du 19 septembre 1979. Les décisions juridictionnelles méritent attention puisqu'elles admettent, pour la première fois, l'invocabilité de cette convention, sans référence à la traditionnelle condition jurisprudentielle d'effet direct. La prévalence de ce traité oblige ainsi à reconsidérer les dispositions du droit interne relatives au statut juridique du loup et celles concernant l'ensemble des espèces faunistiques dès lors que le droit français contient nombre de dispositions contradictoires reposant sur des impératifs contraires de protection et de destruction, consacrées par le juge administratif en vertu du principe d'indépendance des législations. La faune sauvage ne bénéficie donc que d'une protection illusoire et il devient nécessaire et urgent de procéder à une opération d'assainissement juridique qui permette à la fois d'articuler les diverses normes internes en conciliant les intérêts divergents en présence et de respecter pleinement les engagements internationaux de la France.
Les nouvelles orientations du droit de l'environnement au Québec
Authors: Grandbois Maryse
Published: December 2015

Le ministère de l'Environnement du Québec s'est engagé dans une vaste opération de révision et d'allégement réglementaire, comme l'y enjoignent les directives gouvernementales. Le ministère entend réviser en profondeur ses modes de fonctionnement avec l'intention de remplacer « le réflexe réglementaire » par des stratégies de protection de l'environnement fondées sur des instruments économiques, tout en s'appuyant sur une négociation permanente avec les entreprises, devenues des partenaires de gestion. Deux réformes réglementaires ont été réalisées en 1997-1998, dans des secteurs névralgiques du droit de l'environnement : la pollution d'origine agricole et la gestion des matières dangereuses, fournissant aux directions régionales du ministère de la Faune un cadre de négociation renouvelé pour l'établissement de ces partenariats avec les différentes industries.
Note sur les niveaux d'occupation du forum de Bavay.
Authors: Carmelez Jean-Claude
Published: December 2015

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Le terrain sur lequel fut édifié le forum de Bavay était occupé dès l'époque augustéenne ; il comportait des pentes nord-sud et ouest-est qu'il fallut adapter lors de sa construction. Celle-ci est généralement datée du début de l'époque antonine. L'ensemble fut réaménagé au début de l'époque des Sévères après qu'un violent incendie eut ravagé la ville à la fin du IIe siècle. Dans la seconde moitié du IIIe siècle le forum fut transformé en un lieu défensif, puis en castellum entouré de fortifications durant tout le IVe siècle.
Noms de lieux de Zélande et de Flandre occidentale composés avec burg (haut Moyen Age). Archéologie et toponymie.
Authors: Trimpe Burger Jan Adriaan
Published: December 2015

Op de rand van de polders in Vlaanderen en Zeeland zijn er een aantal versterkingen die dateren uit de période van de invallen van de Noormannen, het einde van de 9e eeuw. Men treft de typische circelvormige bouw aan in Burburg en Sint-Winoksbergen (Frankrijk, département Nord), Veurne (België) en in Oostburg, Souburg, Middelburg en Burg (Nederland, provincie Zeeland). Dit netwerk van versterkingen wordt onderbroken tussen Oudenburg en Aardenburg, die dateren uit de Romeinse tijd en die een bijna vierkante vorm hebben, die van een Romeins castellum.
Versatile synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3’-fluorinated purine nucleosides
Authors: Ren Hang , An Haoyun , Hatala Paul J , Stevens William C , Tao Jingchao , He Baicheng
Published: December 2015

A unified synthetic strategy accessing novel 3'-fluorinated purine nucleoside derivatives and their biological evaluation were achieved. Novel 3’-fluorinated analogues were constructed from a common 3’-deoxy-3’-fluororibofuranose intermediate. Employing Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling reactions, fifteen 3’-fluororibose purine nucleosides 1–15 and eight 3’-fluororibose 2-chloro/2-aminopurine nucleosides 16–23 with various substituents at position 6 of the purine ring were efficiently synthesized. Furthermore, 3’-fluorine analogs of natural products nebularine and 6-methylpurine riboside were constructed via our convergent synthetic strategy. Synthesized nucleosides were tested against HT116 (colon cancer) and 143B (osteosarcoma cancer) tumor cell lines. We have demonstrated 3’-fluorine purine nucleoside analogues display potent tumor cell growth inhibition activity at sub- or low micromolar concentration.
Expérience et problématisation en EPS, une étude en course de relais
Authors: Lebouvier Bruno
Published: December 2015

La communication proposée explore dans une séquence d’enseignement-apprentissage en course de relais la manière dont les élèves problématisent leur expérience. Le cadre théorique mobilisé est celui de la problématisation. Le scénario amène les élèves à alterner une phase d’action dans une situation problème et une phase réflexive dans un débat technique. Le projet poursuivi est de saisir ce qui fait les dynamiques des apprentissages dans les échanges et la manière de les faire vivre. La méthodologie utilisée s’appuie sur les actions et les activités argumentatives développées par les élèves. Les résultats exposent quelques traces de problématisation et proposent, en termes d’hypothèses, ce qui a pu favoriser leur émergence. Ils servent de point de départ à la discussion qui porte sur la spécificité de la problématisation dans des apprentissages techniques.