bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyspepsie, Ulkuserkrankung – Helicobacter pylori, Refluxerkrankung
Authors: Wirth Hans-Peter
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung. Während H. pylori (HP) weltweit rückläufig ist, steigt die Häufigkeit der Refluxerkrankung und der Anteil nicht-steroidaler Antirheumatika(NSAR)-bedingter Ulzera relativ zur HP-Infektion. Die Eradikation heilt die HP-Ulkuskrankheit, kann die Karzinomentstehung verhindern und dyspeptische Beschwerden bessern. Unter Protonenpumpenhemmern (PPI) heilen NSAR-Ulzera ab, bei Reexposition kommt es aber zu Rezidiven. Antikoagulanzien und Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer erhöhen das Risiko zusätzlich. PPI vermindern Rezidive und Komplikationen. Schwere und komplizierte Refluxformen benötigen oft eine PPI-Dauertherapie. Beim Barrett-Ösophagus ist das Risiko für die Entstehung eines Adenokarzinoms erhöht.
Ungewöhnliche Migränemanifestationen
Authors: Schipper Sivan , R. Gantenbein Andreas , S. Sandor Peter
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Migräne ist eine komplexe neurologische Störung, bei der mehrere Systeme des zentralen Nervensystems (autonomes Nervensystem, Affektsystem, kognitives, sensorisches und motorisches System) in unterschiedlichem Masse betroffen sind, was die ausgesprochene Variabilität und Heterogenität der Erkrankungsmanifestationen zu erklären vermag. Die Migräneaura, die gemäss heutigem Verständnis Folge einer langsam voranschreitenden, depolarisierenden und anschliessend hyperpolarisierenden Welle im Kortex ist, tritt bei ca. einem Viertel der Patienten auf. Am häufigsten ist die visuelle Aura, gefolgt von der somatosensiblen Aura. Jedoch können auch motorische Störungen bis hin zu Störungen der höheren kortikalen Funktionen (Denk-, Orientierungs-, Kohärenz- oder Konzentrationsstörungen) auftreten. Analog dem Kopfschmerzkalender kann ein Aurakalender wichtige Hilfe bei der Diagnosestellung der seltenen Migränemanifestationen liefern und einer Unterdiagnostizierung der ungewöhnlichen Migränemanifestationen entgegenwirken. Die komplexen Migränemanifestationen sind Ausschlussdiagnosen und bedürfen meist einer ausgedehnten Abklärung hinsichtlich gefährlicher neurologischer Pathologien. Bei den ungewöhnlichen Migränemanifestationen bestehen meist keine spezifischen Therapieempfehlungen, da kontrollierte randomisierte Studien fehlen.
Tanzen ist Körpersprache
Authors: Kleinstück Stefan
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung. Der Impuls zu diesem Beitrag ist auf der Tagung «Die sprechende Pflege» zur Verabschiedung von Frau Prof. Dr. Zegelin entstanden, bei der die Breite der Interaktionsmöglichkeiten in der Pflege aufgezeigt wurde. Tanzen ist ein Ausdruck der vielfältigen Artikulationsmöglichkeiten.
Nur Tabletten helfen nicht weiter
Authors: Meyer Gabriele
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die gängige Therapie bei Herzinsuffizienz besteht darin, Medikamente zu nehmen und den Arzt regelmäßigen zu besuchen. Eine Beratung zur Lebensmodifikation findet in der Regel nicht statt. Die Kardiologie des Klinikums in Nürnberg hat den Bedarf erkannt und setzt auf Beratung und Begleitung für Menschen mit Herzinsuffizienz.
Optical modulation of nano-gap tunnelling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers of hemicyanine dyes
Authors: Pourhossein Parisa , Vijayaraghavan Ratheesh K. , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Chiechi Ryan C.
Published: June 2016

Light-driven conductance switching in molecular tunnelling junctions that relies on photoisomerization is constrained by the limitations of kinetic traps and either by the sterics of rearranging atoms in a densely packed monolayer or the small absorbance of individual molecules. Here we demonstrate light-driven conductance gating; devices comprising monolayers of hemicyanine dyes trapped between two metallic nanowires exhibit higher conductance under irradiation than in the dark. The modulation of the tunnelling current occurs faster than the timescale of the measurement (∼1 min). We propose a mechanism in which a fraction of molecules enters an excited state that brings the conjugated portion of the monolayer into resonance with the electrodes. This mechanism is supported by calculations showing the delocalization of molecular orbitals near the Fermi energy in the excited and cationic states, but not the ground state and a reasonable change in conductance with respect to the effective barrier width.
Nanodiamond-based nanostructures for coupling nitrogen-vacancy centres to metal nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Gong Jianxiao , Steinsultz Nat , Ouyang Min
Published: June 2016

The ability to control the interaction between nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond and photonic and/or broadband plasmonic nanostructures is crucial for the development of solid-state quantum devices with optimum performance. However, existing methods typically employ top-down fabrication, which restrict scalable and feasible manipulation of nitrogen-vacancy centres. Here, we develop a general bottom-up approach to fabricate an emerging class of freestanding nanodiamond-based hybrid nanostructures with external functional units of either plasmonic nanoparticles or excitonic quantum dots. Precise control of the structural parameters (including size, composition, coverage and spacing of the external functional units) is achieved, representing a pre-requisite for exploring the underlying physics. Fine tuning of the emission characteristics through structural regulation is demonstrated by performing single-particle optical studies. This study opens a rich toolbox to tailor properties of quantum emitters, which can facilitate design guidelines for devices based on nitrogen-vacancy centres that use these freestanding hybrid nanostructures as building blocks.
Biofilms on glacial surfaces: hotspots for biological activity
Authors: Smith Heidi J , Schmit Amber , Foster Rachel , Littman Sten , Kuypers Marcel MM , Foreman Christine M
Published: June 2016

Glaciers are important constituents in the Earth’s hydrological and carbon cycles, with predicted warming leading to increases in glacial melt and the transport of nutrients to adjacent and downstream aquatic ecosystems. Microbial activity on glacial surfaces has been linked to the biological darkening of cryoconite particles, affecting albedo and increased melt. This phenomenon, however, has only been demonstrated for alpine glaciers and the Greenland Ice Sheet, excluding Antarctica. In this study, we show via confocal laser scanning microscopy that microbial communities on glacial surfaces in Antarctica persist in biofilms. Overall, ~35% of the cryoconite sediment surfaces were covered by biofilm. Nanoscale scale secondary ion mass spectrometry measured significant enrichment of 13C and 15N above background in both Bacteroidetes and filamentous cyanobacteria (i.e., Oscillatoria) when incubated in the presence of 13C–NaHCO3 and 15NH4. This transfer of newly synthesised organic compounds was dependent on the distance of heterotrophic Bacteroidetes from filamentous Oscillatoria. We conclude that the spatial organisation within these biofilms promotes efficient transfer and cycling of nutrients. Further, these results support the hypothesis that biofilm formation leads to the accumulation of organic matter on cryoconite minerals, which could influence the surface albedo of glaciers.
Functional diversity of family 3 β-glucosidases from thermophilic cellulolytic fungus Humicola insolens Y1
Authors: Xia Wei , Bai Yingguo , Cui Ying , Xu Xinxin , Qian Lichun , Shi Pengjun , Zhang Wei , Luo Huiying , Zhan Xiuan , Yao Bin
Published: June 2016

The fungus Humicola insolens is one of the most powerful decomposers of crystalline cellulose. However, studies on the β-glucosidases from this fungus remain insufficient, especially on glycosyl hydrolase family 3 enzymes. In the present study, we analyzed the functional diversity of three distant family 3 β-glucosidases from Humicola insolens strain Y1, which belonged to different evolutionary clades, by heterogeneous expression in Pichia pastoris strain GS115. The recombinant enzymes shared similar enzymatic properties including thermophilic and neutral optima (50–60 °C and pH 5.5–6.0) and high glucose tolerance, but differed in substrate specificities and kinetics. HiBgl3B was solely active towards aryl β-glucosides while HiBgl3A and HiBgl3C showed broad substrate specificities including both disaccharides and aryl β-glucosides. Of the three enzymes, HiBgl3C exhibited the highest specific activity (158.8 U/mg on pNPG and 56.4 U/mg on cellobiose) and catalytic efficiency and had the capacity to promote cellulose degradation. Substitutions of three key residues Ile48, Ile278 and Thr484 of HiBgl3B to the corresponding residues of HiBgl3A conferred the enzyme activity towards sophorose and vice versa. This study reveals the functional diversity of GH3 β-glucosidases as well as the key residues in recognizing +1 subsite of different substrates.
The Trend of Age-Group Effect on Prognosis in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Shi Rong-liang , Qu Ning , Liao Tian , Wei Wen-jun , Wang Yu-Long , Ji Qing-hai
Published: June 2016

Age has been included in various prognostic scoring systems for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of this study is to re-examine the relationship between age and prognosis by using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based database. We identified 51,061 DTC patients between 2004 and 2012. Patients were separated into 10-year age groups. Cancer cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) data were obtained. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox models were built to analyze the outcomes and risk factors. Increasing age gradient with a 10-year interval was associated with the trend of higher proportions for male gender, grade III/IV and summary stage of distant metastases. Both CSS and OS continued to worsen with increasing age, being poorest in in the oldest age group (≥71); multivariate analysis confirmed that CSS continued to fall with each age decade, significantly starting at 60 years (HR = 7.5, 95% 1.0–54.1, p = 0.047) compared to the young group (≤20). Similarly, multivariate analysis suggested that OS continued worsening with increasing age, but starting at 40 years (HR = 3.7, 95% 1.4–10.1, p = 0.009) compared to the young group. The current study suggests that an age exceeding 60 years itself represents an unfavorable prognostic factor and high risk for cancer-specific death in DTC.
Structural Ensembles of Membrane-bound α-Synuclein Reveal the Molecular Determinants of Synaptic Vesicle Affinity
Authors: Fusco Giuliana , De Simone Alfonso , Arosio Paolo , Vendruscolo Michele , Veglia Gianluigi , Dobson Christopher M.
Published: June 2016

A detailed characterisation of the molecular determinants of membrane binding by α-synuclein (αS), a 140-residue protein whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson’s disease, is of fundamental significance to clarify the manner in which the balance between functional and dysfunctional processes are regulated for this protein. Despite its biological relevance, the structural nature of the membrane-bound state αS remains elusive, in part because of the intrinsically dynamic nature of the protein and also because of the difficulties in studying this state in a physiologically relevant environment. In the present study we have used solid-state NMR and restrained MD simulations to refine structure and topology of the N-terminal region of αS bound to the surface of synaptic-like membranes. This region has fundamental importance in the binding mechanism of αS as it acts as to anchor the protein to lipid bilayers. The results enabled the identification of the key elements for the biological properties of αS in its membrane-bound state.
Flexible Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic MoS2 Sponge for Highly Efficient Oil-Water Separation
Authors: Gao Xiaojia , Wang Xiufeng , Ouyang Xiaoping , Wen Cuie
Published: June 2016

Removal of oils and organic solvents from water is an important global challenge for energy conservation and environmental protection. Advanced sorbent materials with excellent sorption capacity need to be developed. Here we report on a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic MoS2 nanosheet sponge (SMS) for highly efficient separation and absorption of oils or organic solvents from water. This novel sponge exhibits excellent absorption performance through a combination of superhydrophobicity, high porosity, robust stability in harsh conditions (including flame retardance and inertness to corrosive and different temperature environments) and excellent mechanical properties. The dip-coating strategy proposed for the fabrication of the SMS, which does not require a complicated process or sophisticated equipment, is very straightforward and easy to scale up. This finding shows promise for water remediation and oil recovery.
The C-terminal region of Trypanosoma cruzi MASPs is antigenic and secreted via exovesicles
Authors: De Pablos Luis Miguel , Díaz Lozano Isabel María , Jercic Maria Isabel , Quinzada Markela , Giménez Maria José , Calabuig Eva , Espino Ana Margarita , Schijman Alejandro Gabriel , Zulantay Inés , Apt Werner , Osuna Antonio
Published: June 2016

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a neglected and emerging tropical disease, endemic to South America and present in non-endemic regions due to human migration. The MASP multigene family is specific to T. cruzi, accounting for 6% of the parasite’s genome and plays a key role in immune evasion. A common feature of MASPs is the presence of two conserved regions: an N-terminal region codifying for signal peptide and a C-terminal (C-term) region, which potentially acts as GPI-addition signal peptide. Our aim was the analysis of the presence of an immune response against the MASP C-term region. We found that this region is highly conserved, released via exovesicles (EVs) and has an associated immune response as revealed by epitope affinity mapping, IFA and inhibition of the complement lysis assays. We also demonstrate the presence of a fast IgM response in Balb/c mice infected with T. cruzi. Our results reveal the presence of non-canonical secreted peptides in EVs, which can subsequently be exposed to the immune system with a potential role in evading immune system targets in the parasite.
Changes in biological productivity associated with Ningaloo Niño/Niña events in the southern subtropical Indian Ocean in recent decades
Authors: Narayanasetti Sandeep , Swapna P , Ashok K , Jadhav Jyoti , Krishnan R
Published: June 2016

Using observations and long term simulations of an ocean-biogeochemical coupled model, we investigate the biological response in the southern subtropical Indian Ocean (SIO) associated with Ningaloo Niño and Niña events. Ningaloo events have large impact on sea surface temperature (SST) with positive SST anomalies (SSTA) seen off the west coast of Australia in southern SIO during Ningaloo Niño and negative anomalies during Niña events. Our results indicate that during the developing period of Ningaloo Niño, low chlorophyll anomaly appears near the southwest Australian coast concurrently with high SSTA and vice-versa during Niña, which alter the seasonal cycle of biological productivity. The difference in the spatiotemporal response of chlorophyll is due to the southward advection of Leeuwin current during these events. Increased frequency of Ningaloo Niño events associated with cold phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) resulted in anomalous decrease in productivity during Austral summer in the SIO in the recent decades.
CRF receptor 1 antagonism and brain distribution of active components contribute to the ameliorative effect of rikkunshito on stress-induced anorexia
Authors: Mogami Sachiko , Sadakane Chiharu , Nahata Miwa , Mizuhara Yasuharu , Yamada Chihiro , Hattori Tomohisa , Takeda Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

Rikkunshito (RKT), a Kampo medicine, has been reported to show an ameliorative effect on sustained hypophagia after novelty stress exposure in aged mice through serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) antagonism. We aimed to determine (1) whether the activation of anorexigenic neurons, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, is involved in the initiation of hypophagia induced by novelty stress in aged mice; (2) whether the ameliorative effect of RKT is associated with CRF and POMC neurons and downstream signal transduction; and (3) the plasma and brain distribution of the active components of RKT. The administration of RKT or 5-HT2CR, CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) and melanocortin-4 receptor antagonists significantly restored the decreased food intake observed in aged male C57BL/6 mice in the early stage after novelty stress exposure. Seven components of RKT exhibited antagonistic activity against CRFR1. Hesperetin and isoliquiritigenin, which showed antagonistic effects against both CRFR1 and 5-HT2CR, were distributed in the plasma and brain of male Sprague-Dawley rats after a single oral administration of RKT. In conclusion, the ameliorative effect of RKT in this model is assumed to be at least partly due to brain-distributed active components possessing 5-HT2CR and CRFR1 antagonistic activities.
Fast formation and growth of high-density Sn whiskers in Mg/Sn-based solder/Mg joints by ultrasonic-assisted soldering: Phenomena, mechanism and prevention
Authors: Li M. Y. , Yang H. F. , Zhang Z. H. , Gu J. H. , Yang S. H.
Published: June 2016

A universally applicable method for promoting the fast formation and growth of high-density Sn whiskers on solders was developed by fabricating Mg/Sn-based solder/Mg joints using ultrasonic-assisted soldering at 250 °C for 6 s and then subjected to thermal aging at 25 °C for 7 d. The results showed that the use of the ultrasonic-assisted soldering could produce the supersaturated dissolution of Mg in the liquid Sn and lead to the existence of two forms of Mg in Sn after solidification. Moreover, the formation and growth of the high-density whiskers were facilitated by the specific contributions of both of the Mg forms in the solid Sn. Specifically, interstitial Mg can provide the persistent driving force for Sn whisker growth, whereas the Mg2Sn phase can increase the formation probability of Sn whiskers. In addition, we presented that the formation and growth of Sn whiskers in the Sn-based solders can be significantly restricted by a small amount of Zn addition (≥3 wt.%) and the prevention mechanisms are attributed to the segregation of Zn atoms at grain or phase boundaries and the formation of the lamellar-type Zn-rich structures in the solder.
Arabidopsis LBP/BPI related-1 and -2 bind to LPS directly and regulate PR1 expression
Authors: Iizasa Sayaka , Iizasa Ei’ichi , Matsuzaki Sawako , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Kodama Yutaka , Watanabe Keiichi , Nagano Yukio
Published: June 2016

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that triggers immune responses in both plants and animals. LPS-binding protein (LBP) and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), which bind to LPS and play important roles in immunity of mammals, have been well studied. However, the molecule contributing to LPS binding in plants is mostly unknown. The Arabidopsis genome carries two genes encoding LBP/BPI-related proteins which we designated as AtLBP/BPI related-1 (AtLBR-1) and AtLBP/BPI related-2 (AtLBR-2). We found that their N-terminal domains were co-purified with cell wall-derived LPS when expressed in E. coli. Since this finding implied the direct binding of AtLBRs to LPS, we also confirmed binding by using LPS-free AtLBRs and purified LPS. AtLBRs directly bind to both rough and smooth types of LPS. We also demonstrated that LPS-treated atlbr mutant Arabidopsis exhibit a significant delay of induction of defence-related gene pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) but no other PR genes. Furthermore, LPS-treated atlbr mutants showed defects in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These results demonstrate that, as well as LBP and BPI of mammals, AtLBRs also play an important role in the LPS-induced immune response of plants.
Information content and acoustic structure of male African elephant social rumbles
Authors: Stoeger Angela S. , Baotic Anton
Published: June 2016

Until recently, the prevailing theory about male African elephants (Loxodonta africana) was that, once adult and sexually mature, males are solitary and targeted only at finding estrous females. While this is true during the state of ‘musth’ (a condition characterized by aggressive behavior and elevated androgen levels), ‘non-musth’ males exhibit a social system seemingly based on companionship, dominance and established hierarchies. Research on elephant vocal communication has so far focused on females and very little is known about the acoustic structure and the information content of male vocalizations. Using the source and filter theory approach, we analyzed social rumbles of 10 male African elephants. Our results reveal that male rumbles encode information about individuality and maturity (age and size), with formant frequencies and absolute fundamental frequency values having the most informative power. This first comprehensive study on male elephant vocalizations gives important indications on their potential functional relevance for male-male and male-female communication. Our results suggest that, similar to the highly social females, future research on male elephant vocal behavior will reveal a complex communication system in which social knowledge, companionship, hierarchy, reproductive competition and the need to communicate over long distances play key roles.
Anticipatory Manoeuvres in Bird Flight
Authors: Vo Hong D. , Schiffner Ingo , Srinivasan Mandyam V.
Published: June 2016

It is essential for birds to be agile and aware of their immediate environment, especially when flying through dense foliage. To investigate the type of visual signals and strategies used by birds while negotiating cluttered environments, we presented budgerigars with vertically oriented apertures of different widths. We find that, when flying through narrow apertures, birds execute their maneuvers in an anticipatory fashion, with wing closures, if necessary, occurring well in advance of the aperture. When passing through an aperture that is narrower than the wingspan, the birds close their wings at a specific, constant distance before the aperture, which is independent of aperture width. In these cases, the birds also fly significantly higher, possibly pre-compensating for the drop in altitude. The speed of approach is largely constant and independent of the width of the aperture. The constancy of the approach speed suggests a simple means by which optic flow can be used to gauge the distance and width of the aperture and guide wing closure.
Distinct characteristics of asymmetric magnetic reconnections: Observational results from the exhaust region at the dayside magnetopause
Authors: Zhang Y. C.
Published: June 2016

Magnetic reconnection plays a key role in the conversion of magnetic energy into the thermal and kinetic energy of plasma. On either side of the diffusion region in space plasma, the conditions for the occurrence of reconnections are usually not symmetric. Previous theoretical studies have predicted that reconnections under asymmetric conditions will bear different features compared with those of symmetric reconnections, and numerical simulations have verified these distinct features. However, to date, the features of asymmetric reconnections have not been thoroughly investigated using in situ observations; thus, some results from theoretical studies and simulations have not been tested with observations sufficiently well. Here, spacecraft observations are used in a statistical investigation of asymmetric magnetic reconnection exhaust at the dayside magnetopause. The resulting observational features are consistent with the theoretical predictions. The results presented here advance our understanding of the development of reconnections under asymmetric conditions.
Resonantly Enhanced Betatron Hard X-rays from Ionization Injected Electrons in a Laser Plasma Accelerator
Authors: Huang K. , Li Y. F. , Li D. Z. , Chen L. M. , Tao M. Z. , Ma Y. , Zhao J. R. , Li M. H. , Chen M. , Mirzaie M. , Hafz N. , Sokollik T. , Sheng Z. M. , Zhang J.
Published: June 2016

Ultrafast betatron x-ray emission from electron oscillations in laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) has been widely investigated as a promising source. Betatron x-rays are usually produced via self-injected electron beams, which are not controllable and are not optimized for x-ray yields. Here, we present a new method for bright hard x-ray emission via ionization injection from the K-shell electrons of nitrogen into the accelerating bucket. A total photon yield of 8 × 108/shot and 108 photons with energy greater than 110 keV is obtained. The yield is 10 times higher than that achieved with self-injection mode in helium under similar laser parameters. The simulation suggests that ionization-injected electrons are quickly accelerated to the driving laser region and are subsequently driven into betatron resonance. The present scheme enables the single-stage betatron radiation from LWFA to be extended to bright γ-ray radiation, which is beyond the capability of 3rd generation synchrotrons.
Rapid Synthesis of Thin and Long Mo17O47 Nanowire-Arrays in an Oxygen Deficient Flame
Authors: Allen Patrick , Cai Lili , Zhou Lite , Zhao Chenqi , Rao Pratap M.
Published: June 2016

Mo17O47 nanowire-arrays are promising active materials and electrically-conductive supports for batteries and other devices. While high surface area resulting from long, thin, densely packed nanowires generally leads to improved performance in a wide variety of applications, the Mo17O47 nanowire-arrays synthesized previously by electrically-heated chemical vapor deposition under vacuum conditions were relatively thick and short. Here, we demonstrate a method to grow significantly thinner and longer, densely packed, high-purity Mo17O47 nanowire-arrays with diameters of 20–60 nm and lengths of 4–6 μm on metal foil substrates using rapid atmospheric flame vapor deposition without any chamber or walls. The atmospheric pressure and 1000 °C evaporation temperature resulted in smaller diameters, longer lengths and order-of-magnitude faster growth rate than previously demonstrated. As explained by kinetic and thermodynamic calculations, the selective synthesis of high-purity Mo17O47 nanowires is achieved due to low oxygen partial pressure in the flame products as a result of the high ratio of fuel to oxidizer supplied to the flame, which enables the correct ratio of MoO2 and MoO3 vapor concentrations for the growth of Mo17O47. This flame synthesis method is therefore a promising route for the growth of composition-controlled one-dimensional metal oxide nanomaterials for many applications.
Origin of Shear Stability and Compressive Ductility Enhancement of Metallic Glasses by Metal Coating
Authors: Sun B. A. , Chen S. H. , Lu Y. M. , Zhu Z. G. , Zhao Y. L. , Yang Y. , Chan K. C. , Liu C. T.
Published: June 2016

Metallic glasses (MGs) are notorious for the poor macroscopic ductility and to overcome the weakness various intrinsic and extrinsic strategies have been proposed in past decades. Among them, the metal coating is regarded as a flexible and facile approach, yet the physical origin is poorly understood due to the complex nature of shear banding process. Here, we studied the origin of ductile enhancement in the Cu-coating both experimentally and theoretically. By examining serrated shear events and their stability of MGs, we revealed that the thin coating layer plays a key role in stopping the final catastrophic failure of MGs by slowing down shear band dynamics and thus retarding its attainment to a critical instable state. The mechanical analysis on interplay between the coating layer and shear banding process showed the enhanced shear stability mainly comes from the lateral tension of coating layer induced by the surface shear step and the bonding between the coating layer and MGs rather than the layer thickness is found to play a key role in contributing to the shear stability.
Chronic ciguatoxin poisoning causes emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in rats
Authors: Wang Jun , Cao Bing , Yang Xiangwei , Wu Jiajun , Chan Leo Lai , Li Ying
Published: June 2016

Ciguatoxins are marine biotoxins that induce the human poisoning syndrome known as ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP).
A metal-free synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles through aminyl radical addition to aryl isothiocyanates
Authors: He Yimiao , Li Jing , Luo Shuang , Huang Jinbo , Zhu Qiang
Published: June 2016

A convenient synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles, starting from aryl isothiocyanates and formamides under metal-free conditions, is described.
Is the chemistry of lawrencium peculiar?
Authors: Xu Wen-Hua , Pyykkö Pekka
Published: June 2016

The calculated properties of a set of simple model compounds are very similar for lawrencium and lutetium.
Shock wave and modeling study of the reaction CF4 (+M) ⇔ CF3 + F (+M)
Authors: Knight Gary , Sölter Lars , Tellbach Elsa , Troe Jürgen
Published: June 2016

The thermal decomposition of CF4 (+Ar) → CF3 + F (+Ar) was studied in shock waves over the temperature range 2000–3000 K. The experiments were shown to correspond to the central part of the falloff curve.
Pd-catalyzed instant hydrogenation of TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Xu Yingfeng , Zhang Chen , Zhang Lingxia , Zhang Xiaohua , Yao Heliang , Shi Jianlin
Published: June 2016

This facile hydrogenation strategy is based on room temperature H2 dissociation into [H] on Pd, providing a general methodology for transitional metal oxide hydrogenation under ordinary conditions for advanced photocatalysis systems.
Biodegradable tough waterborne hyperbranched polyester/carbon dot nanocomposite: approach towards an eco-friendly material
Authors: Hazarika Deepshikha , Karak Niranjan
Published: June 2016

A tough, self-cleaning, biodegradable waterborne hyperbranched polyester/carbon dot nanocomposite was fabricated through a facile solvent and catalyst free approach.
Biological assessment of substituted quinoline based heteroleptic organometallic compounds
Authors: Mehta Jugal V. , Gajera Sanjay B. , Raval Dilip B. , Thakkar Vasudev R. , Patel Mohan N.
Published: June 2016

Spectral changes accompanying addition of HS DNA to solution of quinoline nucleus based piano stool coordination compounds indicate intercalative mode of binding of the compound between DNA base pairs.
Identification of a novel BODIPY minihepcidin tool for the high content analysis of ferroportin (SLC40A1) pharmacology
Authors: Skerratt Sarah. E. , Humphreys Sian , Ferreira Rita , Jorgensen Csilla , Warmus Joe , Zhao Lei , Tong Xiaohe , Nickolls Sarah A.
Published: June 2016

Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a novel BODIPY-labelled minihepcidin peptide to enable the high content analysis of ferroportin (SLC40A1) pharmacology.
Late stage trifluoromethylthiolation strategies for organic compounds
Authors: Barata-Vallejo Sebastian , Bonesi Sergio , Postigo Al
Published: June 2016

The introduction of CF3S groups into compounds with known biological activity can alter their properties significantly, as a result of the increased lipophilicity and electronegativity of the trifluoromethylthio group.
ONO-pincer ruthenium complex-bound norvaline for efficient catalytic oxidation of methoxybenzenes with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Yoshida Ryota , Isozaki Katsuhiro , Yokoi Tomoya , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Sadakane Koichiro , Iwamoto Takahiro , Takaya Hikaru , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: June 2016

A Ru-bound norvaline shows enhanced catalytic activity for the oxidation of methoxybenzenes with unique chemoselectivity.
pH-Responsive nanocapsules from silylated copolymers
Authors: Fickert J. , Landfester K. , Crespy D.
Published: June 2016

We introduce here a concept allowing the synthesis of smart nanocapsules without a surfactant.
A predictive model for gas and vapor sorption into glassy membranes at high pressure
Authors: Shoghl Sina Nabati , Raisi Ahmadreza , Aroujalian Abdolreza
Published: June 2016

A predictive model was developed based on NELF model using FFV for gas and vapor sorption into glassy membranes at high pressure.
Catalytic properties of nickel/sepiolite promoted with potassium and lanthanum in adiponitrile hydrogenation under mild conditions
Authors: Lv Yang , Hao Fang , Xiong Shaofeng , Liu Pingle , Luo He'an
Published: June 2016

K–La–Ni/SEP were prepared and tested in adiponitrile (ADN) hydrogenation. Nickel/sepiolite promoted with potassium and lanthanum presents high activity and selectivity to 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA).
Ni–S-methylisothiourea complexes supported on boehmite nanoparticles and their application in the synthesis of 5-substituted tetrazoles
Authors: Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash , Moradi Parisa , Tahmasbi Bahman
Published: June 2016

Boehmite nanoparticles were immobilized with a new type of nickel complex and applied for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives in PEG-400.
Synthesis of imidazolium-crosslinked chitosan aerogel and its prospect as a dye removing adsorbent
Authors: Sirviö Juho Antti , Visanko Miikka , Liimatainen Henrikki
Published: June 2016

Debus–Radziszewski imidazole synthesis was used to obtain crosslinked chitosan aerogel with very high adsorption towards anionic dye.
Capping agent-free highly dispersed noble metal nanoparticles supported in ordered mesoporous carbon with short channels and their catalytic applications
Authors: Gao Wenjun , Li Siwen , Pal Manas , Liu Yong , Wan Xiaoyue , Li Wei , Wang Shuai , Wang Changyao , Zheng Gengfeng , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: June 2016

Capping agent free synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles supported on ordered mesoporous carbon with short channels.
Fabrication of magnetite nanocrystals in alcohol/water mixed solvents: catalytic and colloid property evaluation
Authors: Iyengar Srividhya J. , Joy Mathew , Mohamed A. Peer , Samanta Swati , Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Ghosh Swapankumar
Published: June 2016

Size tailoring in alcohol–water mixed solvents produces small magnetite nanocrystals with appreciably high catalytic activities that form ultrastable colloids when suspended in water.
Cyan long lasting phosphorescence in green emitting phosphors Ba2Gd2Si4O13:Eu2+, RE3+ (RE3+ = Dy3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, Nd3+ and Tb3+)
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Yuhua , Liu Dongwei , Guo Haijie , Liu Jie
Published: June 2016

Novel long lasting phosphorescence materials Ba2Gd2Si4O13:Eu2+, RE3+ (RE3+ = Dy3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, Nd3+ and Tb3+) are designed and prepared by a solid state reaction.
Graphite induced periodical self-actuation of liquid metal
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Jing
Published: June 2016

Behaviors of liquid metal spheres in NaOH solution, such as spreading, oscillating, stretching and even resonance, are induced by graphite.
Experimental (FTIR, BDS) and theoretical analysis of mutarotation kinetics of d-fructose mixed with different alcohols in the supercooled region
Authors: Dulski M. , Cecotka A. , Tripathy S. N. , Sakalouski A. , Wolnica K. , Tarnacka M. , Wrzalik R. , Kamiński K. , Paluch M.
Published: June 2016

The mutarotation kinetics of pure molten d-fructose and its binary mixture with alcohols (i.e., sorbitol and maltitol) have been reported using Fourier transform infrared, broadband dielectric spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.
Correlation between the in-plain substrate strain and electrocatalytic activity of strontium ruthenate thin films in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Liu Tao , Hou Juan , Wang Bing , Bai Feiming , Chen Haijun , Gao Lei , Cao Yonghai , He Hongcai , Wang Jinshu , Wang Ning , Cao Guozhong , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2016

Solar cells with a SRO/MAO counter electrode show an increased PCE compared to those with SRO/STO due to in-plane tensile strain.
Building thermally stable Li-ion batteries using a temperature-responsive cathode
Authors: Ji Weixiao , Wang Feng , Liu Daotan , Qian Jiangfeng , Cao Yuliang , Chen Zhongxue , Yang Hanxi , Ai Xinping
Published: June 2016

A temperature-responsive cathode is developed by coating an ultra-thin layer of poly(3-octylthiophene) in between an Al substrate and cathode-active layer.
Active Fe2O3 nanoparticles encapsulated in porous g-C3N4/graphene sandwich-type nanosheets as a superior anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Minjie , Wu Tianhao , Song Xuefeng , Liu Jing , Zhao Liping , Zhang Peng , Gao Lian
Published: June 2016

A novel composite anode of active Fe2O3 nanoparticles encapsulated in g-C3N4/graphene hybrid nanosheets has been developed for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
Trend breaking substitution pattern of phenothiazine with acceptors as a rational design platform for blue emitters
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Meenu , Jou Jwo-Huei , Ghosh Subrata
Published: June 2016

A methodology to delimit the large Stokes shifts in the donor–acceptor (D–A) design by studying D and A in para-relationship with solution processed blue OLED device application is reported.
Digital semigroups
Authors: Brunotte Horst
Published: June 2016

The well-known expansion of rational integers in an arbitrary integer base different from
0,1, − 1 is exploited to
study relations between numerical monoids and certain subsemigroups of the multiplicative
semigroup of nonzero integers.
Solvation of carbonaceous molecules by para-H2 and ortho-D2 clusters. I. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Calvo F. , Yurtsever E.
Published: June 2016

This work theoretically examines the progressive coating of planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules ranging from benzene to circumcoronene (C54H18) by para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium. The coarse-grained Silvera-Goldman potential has been extended to model the interactions between hydrogen molecules and individual atoms of the PAH and parametrized against quantum chemical calculations for benzene-H2. Path-integral molecular dynamics simulations at 2 K were performed for increasingly large amounts of hydrogen coating the PAH up to the first solvation shell and beyond. From the simulations, various properties were determined such as the size of the first shell and its thickness as well as the solvation energy. The degree of delocalization was notably quantified from an energy landscape perspective, by monitoring the fluctuations among inherent structures sampled by the trajectories. Our results generally demonstrate a high degree of localization owing to relatively strong interactions between hydrogen and the PAH, and qualitatively minor isotopic effects. In the limit of large hydrogen amounts, the shell size and solvation energy both follow approximate linear relations with the numbers of carbon and hydrogen in the PAH.
The Rayleigh–Taylor instability of the externally cooled liquid lying over a thin vapor film coating the wall of a horizontal plane heater
Authors: Konovalov V. V. , Lyubimov D. V. , Lyubimova T. P.
Published: June 2016

The linear instability of a vapor film formed at the surface of a flat horizontal heater surrounded by an externally cooled liquid is investigated in the presence of a gravitational field. Consideration is given to the case when the stationary base state is characterized by the heat fluxes balanced at the interface between the two media. The critical value of the heat flux required for the complete suppression of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability by the phase transition has been evaluated mainly in the absence of the natural convection in the liquid layer and is found to be different from the known data obtained by approximate approaches. The case of the instability suppression in the system when long-wave disturbances have the longest lifetime is described. It has been shown that the media pressure influence on the phase transition, revealed in thin vapor films, can markedly increase the growth rate of long-wave disturbances and prevent their suppression.
Efficient energy absorption of intense ps-laser pulse into nanowire target
Authors: Habara H. , Honda S. , Katayama M. , Sakagami H. , Nagai K. , Tanaka K. A.
Published: June 2016

The interaction between ultra-intense laser light and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes is investigated to demonstrate efficient laser-energy absorption in the ps laser-pulse regime. Results indicate a clear enhancement of the energy conversion from laser to energetic electrons and a simultaneously small plasma expansion on the surface of the target. A two-dimensional plasma particle calculation exhibits a high absorption through laser propagation deep into the nanotube array, even for a dense array whose structure is much smaller than the laser wavelength. The propagation leads to the radial expansion of plasma perpendicular to the nanotubes rather than to the front side. These features may contribute to fast ignition in inertial confinement fusion and laser particle acceleration, both of which require high current and small surface plasma simultaneously.
Stabilization effect of Weibel modes in relativistic laser fusion plasma
Authors: Belghit Slimen , Sid Abdelaziz
Published: June 2016

In this work, the Weibel instability (WI) due to inverse bremsstrahlung (IB) absorption in a laser fusion plasma has been investigated. The stabilization effect due to the coupling of the self-generated magnetic field by WI with the laser wave field is explicitly shown. In this study, the relativistic effects are taken into account. Here, the basic equation is the relativistic Fokker-Planck (F-P) equation. The main obtained result is that the coupling of self-generated magnetic field with the laser wave causes a stabilizing effect of excited Weibel modes. We found a decrease in the spectral range of Weibel unstable modes. This decreasing is accompanied by a reduction of two orders in the growth rate of instable Weibel modes or even stabilization of these modes. It has been shown that the previous analysis of the Weibel instability due to IB has overestimated the values of the generated magnetic fields. Therefore, the generation of magnetic fields by the WI due to IB should not affect the experiences of an inertial confinement fusion.
Effective non-Markovian description of a system interacting with a bath
Authors: Ferialdi L. , Dürr D.
Published: June 2016

We study a harmonic system coupled to a chain of first neighbor interacting oscillators. After deriving the exact dynamics of the system, we prove that one can effectively describe the exact dynamics by considering a suitable shorter chain. We provide the explicit expression for such an effective dynamics and we provide an upper bound on the error one makes considering it instead of the dynamics of the full chain. We eventually prove how error, time scale and number of modes in the truncated chain are related.
Accelerated pre-weaning growth rates in dairy calves: do antioxidants have a place?
Authors: McGrath J. J.
Published: June 2016

Accelerated growth of dairy calves in the pre-weaning phase has been shown to increase productivity of dairy cows during their lifetime. The increased weight gain during the pre-weaning phase is not the driving factor behind the changes in life-time productivity as the weight gained is inconsequential in terms of pre-lactation and weight gain. Furthermore, there are no differences in weight of heifers at the start of first lactation. The increased weight gain during the pre-weaning period must, therefore, initiate cellular changes within the animal. Research has focussed on increasing total nutritional supply or an increase in protein supply for promotion of such changes. The benefits of antioxidants in animal nutrition have been known for a long period of time. However, they have gained prominence with enforced reduction in use of antibiotics in many animal production systems. The role of antioxidants in nutrition of both the calf and the dam before parturition is critical for preventing disease and optimising growth weight of the pre-weaned calf. However, studies are yet to demonstrate a role, outside of preventive health, for the use of antioxidants in the pre-weaning period for increasing total life-time production of the dairy cow.
Essential role for simulation models in animal research and application
Authors: Pettigrew James E.
Published: June 2016

Simulation models have been used productively to aid understanding of animal biology and production systems. Emphasis here is on pig growth models, but the principles apply also to other species and other outcomes. Main applications for such models are direct use within a production system, indirect use across production systems and guidance of research. Most useful models are dynamic and mechanistic; most are deterministic but some gain added utility from stochasticity. Several pig growth models have predicted growth rate, feed efficiency and body and carcass composition from inputs, including protein accretion capacity and diet composition and intake. They have been so successful that now attention can be applied elsewhere. Pigs in commercial production fail to achieve their potential growth, presumably because of various stressors, including disease, and the gap between actual and potential growth is a rich target for future simulation models. Models should address activation of the innate immune system separately from clinical disease. They can provide special benefits from prediction of the impacts of several health-promoting technologies, including those in feed.
Temperature−field phase diagram of extreme magnetoresistance
Authors: Fallah Tafti Fazel , Gibson Quinn , Kushwaha Satya , Krizan Jason W. , Haldolaarachchige Neel , Cava Robert Joseph
Published: June 2016

Significance

Extreme magnetoresistance (XMR) has been recently discovered in a number of seemingly unrelated materials with diverse crystalline and electronic structures. In this work, we use lanthanum monopnictides, LaBi and LaSb, as simple platforms to reveal a common triangular Temperature–field phase diagram for XMR. Further, we show that, in the electronic structure of both materials, lanthanum
d
orbitals mix with the pnictogen
p
orbitals. Remarkably, we find that both the triangular phase diagram and the orbital texture exist in all families of semimetals with XMR. These results show that XMR is a ubiquitous phenomenon with a universal phase diagram that goes beyond certain material specifications; it is not a rare commodity of topological materials or noncentrosymmetric structures.
Unravelling the Mystery: Charlotte Brontë’s 1850 ‘Thackeray Dress’
Authors: Houghton Eleanor
Published: June 2016

In the summer of 1850, there was a frisson of excitement in London society. Charlotte Brontë, the recently revealed writer of the best-selling novel Jane Eyre, was in the capital, staying with her publisher, George Smith. The highlight of Charlotte’s trip was a large, formal dinner hosted by her literary hero, William Makepeace Thackeray. To this august event it has long been assumed that she wore a floral print, white and blue delaine skirt and bodice. This article begins by examining the colloquially named ‘Thackeray Dress’ in detail, before considering the evidence given in support of it having been worn to the dinner on 12 June 1850. The style and fabric of the dress are then compared to others of the period and this is followed by an examination of contemporary sartorial conventions, and the extent of Charlotte Brontë’s adherence to them. Questions raised by these findings are then considered alongside reports that suggest the dress may not have been worn on this occasion. Published in the bicentenary year of Brontë’s birth, this study questions the validity of the garment’s association with the legendary Thackeray dinner and, in so doing, attempts to separate fact from fiction.