bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trace Element Geochemistry and Stable Isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) Characterisation of Nevşehir Coals, Türkiye
Authors: Kara Hatice , Kalender Leyla , Yumutgan Mehmet Çağay
Published: February 2025

The Nevşehir coals are located in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC), Türkiye, and no reports exist on trace element, nitrogen, and carbon isotope composition data of the Nevşehir coals. The present study aims to geochemically characterise the Nevşehir coals to determine their trace elemental enrichment patterns and possible sources. Nevşehir coals are found within Late Miocene Kızılöz Formation (Arafa Member) rocks. These coals are part of the huminite maceral group; the dominant maceral group is ulminites. The minerals in coals are inorganic, such as oxidised framboidal pyrite, iron oxide minerals, quartz, clay, and carbonate minerals. Coals have great potential regarding trace elements. Benefits might arise from mining and using some of the critical elements derived from coal. Compared with the world coal average, the coal samples in this study are enriched in As (149.25 μg/g), V (245 μg/g), Cr (159 μg/g), Ga (18 μg/g), Ni (216 μg/g), Th (17 μg/g), Zn (143 μg/g), and U (54 μg/g). The arsenic content in this study is associated with inorganic components such as oxidised framboidal pyrite. Vanadium in coal is mainly associated with aluminosilicates and organic matter. Chromium originates from the clay minerals within coals. Uranium in coal is mainly associated with organic matter. Nickel and zinc in coal are predominantly associated with sulphides. The δ15N contents of the samples are comparable to those of several references, including plants, terrestrial creatures, and organic nitrogen. The δ13C–δ15N isotopic range and average values for four coal samples ranged from −25.66‰ to −25.91‰ (−25.80‰) and 3.6‰ to 4.3‰ (3.9‰), respectively, demonstrating that C3 type modern terrestrial vegetation was common in the palaeomires of the studied coal seams.
Biomimetic Chromatography/QSAR Investigations in Modeling Properties Influencing the Biological Efficacy of Phenoxyacetic Acid-Derived Congeners
Authors: Janicka Małgorzata , Sztanke Małgorzata , Sztanke Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

A hybrid method—combining liquid biomimetic chromatography techniques (immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and biopartitioning micellar chromatography) and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships—was used to derive helpful models for predicting selected biological properties such as penetration through the plant cuticle, the skin and the blood–brain barrier, and binding to human serum albumin of phenoxyacetic acid-derived congeners regarded as potential herbicides. Reliable, high-concept models were developed indicating the lipophilicity, polarizability, and sum of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors as properties that determine the biological efficacy of the title compounds. These models were validated by leave-one-out cross-validation. Modeling the toxicity of phenoxyacetic acid-derived congeners to red blood cells allowed the identification of the most toxic substances as well as those molecular descriptors that determine their hemolytic properties.
Recent Advances in ZIF Membrane: Fabrication, Separation Ability and Its Application
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Han Jiatong , Chen Xin , Xu Dan , Wen Xiaobin , Zhao Yiming , Huang Yanyan , Ding Xin , Chen Ge , Xu Donghui , Xu Xiaomin , Liu Guangyang
Published: February 2025

With the growth of the population and the development of industry and agriculture, water resources are experiencing contamination by numerous pollutants, posing a threat to the aquatic environment and human health. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes, as a solution for water pollutant treatment, not only have the advantages of high efficiency adsorption, good selectivity, stability, and easy recyclability, but they also can be modified or derivatized through surface functionalization, compositing, or structural tuning, which can further endow the membranes with other functions, such as catalysis and degradation. In order to improve the performance of ZIF membranes, it is crucial to select suitable preparation methods to optimize the microstructure of the membranes and to improve the separation performance and stability of the membranes. This review systematically summarizes the current major preparation methods of ZIF membranes and their respective advantages and disadvantages, providing an overview of the applications of ZIF membranes in the treatment of water pollutants, such as dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metal ions. Future development prospects are also discussed, with the expectation that future research will optimize the synthesis methods to enhance the mechanical strength of the membranes and improve their selectivity, permeability, and anti-fouling properties through modifications or functionalization. This article is expected to provide theoretical support for the application of ZIF membranes in water pollution treatment.
Diversity of Cytauxzoon spp. (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) in Wild Felids from Brazil and Argentina
Authors: Calchi Ana Cláudia , May-Júnior Joares A. , Baggio-Souza Vinícius , Berger Laura , Fagundes-Moreira Renata , Mallmann-Bohn Rafaela , de Queiroz Viana Braga Laíza , Kirnew Murillo Daparé , Silveira Matheus Folgearini , Ampuero Roberto Andres Navarrete , Moore Charlotte O. , Bassini-Silva Ricardo , Herrera Heitor Miraglia , Breitschwerdt Edward Bealmear , Maggi Ricardo G. , Eizirik Eduardo , Machado Rosangela Zacarias , Rocha Fabiana Lopes , Soares João Fabio , André Marcos Rogério
Published: February 2025

Domestic and wild felids are frequently parasitized by apicomplexan protozoa in the genus Cytauxzoon. Expanding species diversity has recently been described within this genus, with potential implications for epidemiology and pathogenesis. In light of these findings, this study assessed the genetic diversity of Cytauxzoon spp. in wild felids (n = 66) from different eco-regions of Brazil and Argentina. Of the 66 blood samples analyzed, 53 (80.3%) were 18S rRNA gene PCR-positive for Cytauxzoon spp., including 43 jaguars (Panthera onca) and 10 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Panthera onca specimens (100%, 43/43) were most frequently infected, followed by Leopardus pardalis (76.9%; 10/13). Cytauxzoon spp. were not detected in Leopardus braccatus (n = 1) or Puma concolor (n = 9). Phylogenetic analyses of fragments of the 18S rRNA, cytB, and cox-1 gene sequences from jaguars were closely related to Cytauxzoon felis. In contrast, sequences from ocelots were more closely associated with Cytauxzoon brasiliensis. Distance and haplotype analysis further confirmed the circulation of at least two distinct genovariants of C. felis among jaguars, as evidenced by their close positioning and low genetic divergence (0–0.14% for 18S rRNA, 0.37–0.56% for cytB, and 0.08–0.74% for cox-1). Additionally, sequence data from ocelots suggested that multiple genovariants of C. brasiliensis are circulating among these cats in different Brazilian eco-regions. Our study provides evidence of two distinct Cytauxzoon organisms parasitizing free-ranging and captive jaguars and ocelots, respectively, in Brazil and Argentina.
Cultivation of Genetically Modified Soybeans Did Not Alter the Overall Structure of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities
Authors: Shen Wenjing , Liu Laipan , Fang Zhixiang , Zhang Li , Ren Zhentao , Yu Qi , Yin Xin , Liu Biao
Published: February 2025

Herbicide-tolerant soybeans are the most extensively cultivated genetically modified (GM) crop globally. The effects of GM soybean and associated agronomic practices on soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of planting GM soybeans with a glyphosate application on soil microbial diversity. The main bacterial and fungal community compositions (phylum level) were consistent for GM and non-GM soybeans. The alpha diversity analysis indicated that the bacterial Shannon index was significantly higher in GM rhizosphere soil during flowering compared to non-GM soil. There were no significant differences in the Shannon, Simpson, or ACE indices of the soil fungal communities between GM and non-GM soybeans in the same period. The PCoA analysis showed no significant differences in community structure between the GM and non-GM soybean soil for either fungi or bacteria during the same period. Although the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium at the seedling stage was significantly lower in those GM than in those non-GM, it did not affect the final number of root nodules in either soybean type. The relative abundance of Frankia was significantly lower in GM rhizosphere soil during the seedling and flowering stages, whereas that of Thelebolus was significantly higher during flowering and pod filling. The abundance and ecological functions of these taxa warrant continuous monitoring.
Flexural Behavior of Thin Concrete Slabs Reinforced with Surface Embossed Grid-Type Carbon-Fiber Composites
Authors: Kim Kyung-Min , Park Sung-Woo , Min Kyung-Jae
Published: February 2025

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are being increasingly used to replace rebars as reinforcements for concrete. In this study, the flexural behavior of one-way concrete slabs reinforced with a grid-type carbon FRP (CFRP) (carbon grid), in the form of strands with embossed surfaces, was experimentally investigated. The experimental variables included the effective depth, number of carbon grid layers, and concrete compressive strength. The results exhibit that the surface embossing of the CFRP strands effectively improves their bonding with concrete based on the crack formation pattern. Concrete specimens reinforced with carbon grids exhibited an increased maximum load and stiffness as the effective depth, number of carbon grid layers, and concrete compressive strength increased. Among the experimental variables, the effective depth exhibited the greatest influence on the flexural behavior of the carbon-grid-reinforced concrete specimen. Furthermore, the ratios of the experimental to calculated flexural strength values for all carbon-grid-reinforced concrete specimens ranged from 0.74 to 1.22. Based on the results, a trilinear load–deflection curve was proposed to simulate the flexural behavior of carbon-grid-reinforced concrete members, considering the bond property between the concrete and the carbon grid. The proposed trilinear load–deflection curve reasonably simulated the flexural behavior of the specimens reinforced with carbon grids.
Polyethylene Polyamine-Modified Chitosan Aerogels: Enhanced CO2 Adsorbents with Lamellar Porous Structures
Authors: Ming Hui , Jiang Haoxin , Zheng Ruiyang , Wu Mei , Li Hongying , Li Zhengxin , Zhang Xudong , Yuan Zihao , Wang Ziyue
Published: February 2025

Due to the continuous growth of global carbon dioxide emissions, the development of cost-effective carbon dioxide capture technology has attracted extensive attention. Amino-modified chitosan aerogels with lamellar porous structures are good candidates as carbon dioxide adsorbents because of their degradable properties and low energy consumption. Polyethylene polyamine-modified chitosan aerogels (PEPA-CSs) were prepared through a process of crosslinking and freeze-drying using a chitosan solution, polyethylene polyamine (PEPA), and epichlorohydrin (ECH) as raw materials. The amino group of PEPA was proven to be successfully grafted on the chitosan surface by FITR and XPS. The SEM and TEM analysis showed a rich three-dimensional porous structure and a good rigidity and bearing capacity of the PEPA-CS. The adsorption capacity was significantly increased by PEPA grafting with a maximum value of 1.59 mmol/g at 25 °C and 1 bar through both physical and chemical interactions, which indicates a potential for broad application prospects in industrial CO2-capture applications.
Numerical Simulation of Rotational Speed Sinusoidal Pulsation for Enhancing Polymer Processing Based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Liu Tianlei , Liu Hesheng , Dong Tianwen , Lai Jiamei , Yu Wei , Yu Zhong , Yu Huiwen
Published: February 2025

Vibration-assisted methods are playing a more and more important role in processing polymers for twin screw extruders (TSEs) in order to satisfy the increasing requirements for polymetric products in various applications, but existing vibrating technologies are usually restricted in school laboratories and industrial research rooms because of their drawbacks. The purpose of this study is to design a novel vibration method for TSEs. Numerical simulation was performed based on a meshless method, namely smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The velocity distribution, particle distribution, and pressure of particles in a co-rotating twin screw component in the conveying zone of a TSE are investigated in detail to recover the influence of the rotational speed excitation on the flow properties of both fully filled and partially filled states. The results show that cases under superimposed excitation can produce a more variable physical effect, thus enhancing and weakening the velocity field and the pressure field alternately. And on the whole, that effect could improve the particle distribution in according cases. These findings can lay a solid foundation for further study on the development and application of superimposed excitation technology in the polymer processing of TSEs.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Mineralization and Utilization of CO2 in Recycled Concrete Aggregates
Authors: Goh Wayne , Ye Suming , Ou Yong Roy , Tham Kit Huan , Wang Cun , Tao Longgang , Cheng Shuying
Published: February 2025

Considering the dangers and risks posed by climate change, many countries and organizations have pledged to achieve “net-zero emissions” by 2050. The present work introduces a new approach that addresses the growing global carbon emissions issue by integrating CO2 capture and sequestration through the carbonation of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs), producing an alternative sand (AS) product. This study explores the capture of low-concentration CO2 and its suitability for sequestration into RCA. The integration of RCA in the process allows concrete manufacturers to reduce their reliance on mined sand, thereby minimizing its impact on the environment. A techno-economic analysis (TEA) was conducted on the CO2 absorption and mineralization process to assess its economic viability across various processing scales, from 150 kt CO2 per year to 1 Mt CO2 per year. Initial bench-scale experiments show that RCA samples have a carbonation capacity of 10% by mass—these experimental results were used to conduct a TEA using Aspen Plus and an Aspen Process Economic Analyzer (APEA). The TEA results reveal a cost of 11.02 USD/t AS at the smallest scale and 8.02 USD/t AS at the largest scale.
Newman and Wittgenstein on the Will to Believe: Quasi-Fideism and the Ground of Religious Certainty
Authors: Gómez-Alonso Modesto
Published: February 2025

In this article, I argue that Newman’s emphasis on a gestaltic model of reasoning and the role played by the imagination in informal reasoning is a fruitful starting point for an exploration of convergence between the Grammar of Assent and Wittgenstein’s On Certainty. I claim that Wittgenstein, like Newman, challenges both the claim that justification must be neutral and the prejudice according to which any form of persuasion that is not demonstrative is irrational or arational. Arguments are mainly focused on the picture of Newman’s epistemology provided lately by Duncan Pritchard. I argue that Pritchard misrepresents Newman’s conception of the illative sense so as to ascribe to him the thesis that religious belief is evidentially grounded in a broad sense of evidence. This creates a false dichotomy between the arational view of religious principles and the account of religious certainties as epistemically grounded. I suggest that Newman’s reference to both living persuasion and the role played by the will in religious conviction is part of his attempt to expose this false dichotomy.
Particle Filter Tracking System Based on Digital Zoom and Regional Image Measure
Authors: Zhao Qisen , Dong Liquan , Chu Xuhong , Liu Ming , Kong Lingqin , Zhao Yuejin
Published: February 2025

To address the challenges of low accuracy and the difficulty in balancing a large field of view and long distance when tracking high-speed moving targets with a single sensor, an ROI adaptive digital zoom tracking method is proposed. In this paper, we discuss the impact of ROI on image processing and describe the design of the ROI adaptive digital zoom tracking system. Additionally, we construct an adaptive ROI update model based on normalized target information. To capture target changes effectively, we introduce the multi-scale regional measure and propose an improved particle filter algorithm, referred to as the improved multi-scale regional measure resampling particle filter (IMR-PF). This method enables high temporal resolution processing efficiency within a high-resolution large field of view, which is particularly beneficial for high-resolution videos. The IMR-PF can maintain high temporal resolution within a wide field of view with high resolution. Simulation results demonstrate that the improved target tracking method effectively improves tracking robustness to target motion changes and reduces the tracking center error by 20%, as compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The IMR-PF still maintains good performance even when confronted with various interference factors and in real-world scenario applications.
An Accurate GNSS Spoofing Detection Method Based on Multiscale Eye Diagrams
Authors: Wu Chuanyu , Ji Yuanfa , Sun Xiyan
Published: February 2025

Spoofing detection is critical for GNSS security. To address the issues of low detection rates and insufficient coverage in traditional methods, this study proposes an eye diagram detection method based on the multiscale Canny algorithm with minimum misjudgment probability (EDDM-MSC-MMP). Unlike conventional correlation peak distortion detection techniques, the proposed method uses the MSC-MMP algorithm to perform multiscale edge extraction from the eye diagram generated from the receiver’s correlation values. It then calculates the image threshold using minimum misjudgment probability to ensure the accuracy of the eye diagram’s edges. This enables the accurate detection of subtle changes in the eye diagram, leading to the better identification of spoofing signals. The results show that the MSC-MMP outperforms traditional edge extraction algorithms by over 0.072 in terms of the optimal dataset scale F score (ODS-F). Compared to signal quality monitoring (SQM) and Carrier-to-Noise Ratio methods, the EDDM-MSC-MMP method increases spoofing detection coverage by over 60%, achieving the highest detection rate in the TEXBAT dataset. Overall, the EDDM-MSC-MMP method improves the reliability and coverage of spoofing detection, providing an effective solution for GNSS spoofing detection.
A New Association Approach for Multi-Sensor Air Traffic Surveillance Data Based on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Vico Navarro Joaquin , Balbastre Tejedor Juan Vicente , Vila Carbó Juan Antonio
Published: February 2025

Air Traffic Services play a crucial role in the safety, security, and efficiency of air transportation. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) performance-based surveillance concept requires monitoring the actual performance of the surveillance systems underpinning these services. This assessment is usually based on the analysis of data gathered during the normal operation of the surveillance systems, also known as opportunity traffic. Processing opportunity traffic requires data association to identify and assign the sensor detections to a flight. Current techniques for association require expert knowledge of the flight dynamics of the target aircraft and have issues with high-manoeuvrability targets like military aircraft and Unmanned Aircraft (UA). This paper addresses the data association problem through the use of the Multi-Sensor Intelligent Data Association (M-SIOTA) algorithm based on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). This is an innovative perspective on the data association of multi-sensor surveillance through the lens of machine learning. This approach enables data processing without assuming any dynamics model, so it is applicable to any aircraft class or airspace structure. The proposed algorithm is trained and validated using several surveillance datasets corresponding to various phases of flight and surveillance sensor mixes. Results show improvements in association performance in the different scenarios.
High-Power Characteristics of Piezoelectric Transducers Based on [011] Poled Relaxor-PT Single Crystals
Authors: Lim Soohyun , Je Yub , Sim Min-Jung , Kim Hwang-Pill , Cho Yohan , Jeong Yoonsang , Seo Hee-Seon
Published: February 2025

[011] poled relaxor-PT single crystals provide superior piezoelectric constants and electromechanical coupling factors in the 32 crystal directions, and also exhibit high electrical stability under compressive stresses and temperature changes. In particular, Mn-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (Mn:PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals show a superior coercive field (EC ≥ 8.0 kV/cm) and mechanical quality factor (Qm ≥ 1030), making them suitable for high-power transducers. The high-power characteristics of [011] poled single crystals have been verified from a material perspective; thus, further investigation is required from a transducer perspective. In this study, the high-power characteristics of piezoelectric transducers based on [011] poled PIN-PMN-PT and [011] poled Mn:PIN-PMN-PT single crystals were investigated. To analyze the driving limits of the single crystals, the polarization–electric field (P–E) curves, as a function of the driving electric field, were measured. The results showed that [011] poled Mn:PIN-PMN-PT single crystals demonstrate lower energy loss and THD (Total Harmonic Distortion), directly relating to the driving efficiency and linearity of the transducer. Additionally, [011] poled Mn:PIN-PMN-PT crystals provide excellent stability under the compressive stress and temperature changes. To analyze the high-power characteristics of [011] poled single-crystal transducers, two types of barrel-stave transducers, based on [011] poled PIN-PMN-PT and [011] poled Mn:PIN-PMN-PT, were designed and fabricated. The changes in the impedance and transmitting voltage response with respect to the driving electric fields were measured, and the energy loss and THD of the transducers with respect to the driving electric fields were examined to assess the driving limit of the [011] poled single-crystal transducer. The high-power characteristic tests confirmed the stability of [011] poled Mn:PIN-PMN-PT single crystals and verified their potential for high-power transducer applications.
Sông Sài Gòn: Extreme Plastic Pollution Pathways in Riparian Waterways
Authors: Cleveland Peter , Morrison Ann
Published: February 2025

Plastic pollution in waterways poses a significant global challenge, largely stemming from land-based sources and subsequently transported by rivers to marine environments. With a substantial percentage of marine plastic waste originating from land-based sources, comprehending the trajectory and temporal experience of single-use plastic bottles assumes paramount importance. This project designed, developed, and released a plastic pollution tracking device, coinciding with Vietnam’s annual Plastic Awareness Month. By mapping the plastic tracker’s journey through the Saigon River, this study generated high-fidelity data for comprehensive analysis and bolstered public awareness through regular updates on the Re-Think Plastics Vietnam website. The device, equipped with technologies such as drone flight controller, open-source software, embedded computing, and cellular networking effectively captured GPS position, track, and localized conditions experienced by the plastic bottle tracker on its journey. This amalgamation of data contributes to the understanding of plastic pollution behaviors and serves as a data set for future initiatives aimed at plastic prevention in the ecologically sensitive Mekong Delta. By illuminating the transportation of single-use plastic bottles in the riparian waterways of Ho Chi Minh City and beyond, this study plays a role in collective efforts to understand plastic pollution and preserve aquatic ecosystems. By deploying a GPS-enabled plastic tracker, this study provides novel, high-resolution empirical data on plastic transport in urban tidal systems. These findings contribute to improving waste interception strategies and informing environmental policies aimed at reducing plastic accumulation in critical retention zones.
Caught-In/Between Accidents in the Construction Industry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darda’u Rafindadi Aminu , Kado Bishir , Gora Abdurra’uf M. , Dalha Ibrahim B. , Haruna Sadi I. , Ibrahim Yasser E. , Ahmed Shabbir Omar
Published: February 2025

This systematic review examines caught-in/between accidents in construction, revealing complex safety challenges involving machinery errors, vehicle incidents, loading mistakes, and structural collapses. The analysis highlights significant risks, including heavy equipment rollovers, trench cave-ins, and material shifts, with injuries ranging from minor to fatal. Despite the critical nature of these accidents, existing research demonstrates notable gaps, particularly in understanding long-term worker health impacts, economic consequences, and nuanced risk factors. Most studies insufficiently explore correlations between worker experience, age, and accident susceptibility, while gender-specific risks remain poorly documented. Training inadequacies and safety protocol non-adherence emerge as primary contributors to these incidents. This review identifies a pressing need for standardized, comprehensive safety interventions that address technological, human, and organizational factors. Recommendations include stricter safety regulations, enhanced training programs, advanced safety technologies, and robust support systems for workers. By fostering a holistic safety culture and addressing research gaps, the construction industry can potentially mitigate caught-in/between accidents, ultimately protecting worker well-being and improving overall productivity.
The Practice of Augmented Reality in Islamic Education and the Level of Motivation Among UAE Secondary School Students
Authors: Mustafa Fekra , Bin Daud Mayudin , Bin Yussuf Ahmad , Kasasbeh Nabeeh , Abu Khurma Othman
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the existence of a relationship between the practice of augmented reality and motivation. The descriptive survey method was used on a sample of 310 students, 165 of whom were females and 145 of them were males. A questionnaire was conducted to determine the extent of augmented reality practice in education. Islamic education consists of five dimensions, namely, the use of augmented reality by Islamic education teachers in Islamic education, readiness to use augmented reality in Islamic education, benefit from augmented reality in Islamic education, employment of augmented reality in Islamic education, and the ability to deal with difficulties. To investigate augmented reality in Islamic education, a questionnaire was conducted to measure students’ motivation level, consisting of four dimensions: perseverance, goal setting, ambition, and perceived competence. The arithmetic means were used to calculate the level of each of the practices of augmented reality and motivation. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate the association between AR practice and motivation. The study found that the level of augmented reality practice was medium, while the level of motivation was high. Also, a positive relationship was found between each of the augmented reality and motivation with a statistical significance at (α < 0.05), and the study also found that there are differences between the sexes in favor of females in both the practice of augmented reality and motivation with a statistical significance at (α < 0.05). There are statistically significant differences between grades in favor of the eleventh grade in practicing augmented reality at (α < 0.05). In the end, the researcher recommended conducting more research to determine the effectiveness of augmented reality in teaching Islamic education and urged designers to design applications that use augmented reality in teaching Islamic education effectively.
An Overview on the Role of Government Initiatives in Nanotechnology Innovation for Sustainable Economic Development and Research Progress
Authors: Khatoon Umme Thayyiba , Velidandi Aditya
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticle technology has emerged as a fundamental component across various industries, including electronics, renewable energy, textiles, and medical biotechnology, particularly for targeted drug delivery applications. Commercialization has profoundly impacted economic growth, especially in the pharmaceutical and electronics industries. Moreover, it has improved workforce education and training, generating millions of employment prospects associated with nanotechnology development. By 2024, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development anticipates that the global market for nanotechnology products will attain a value of United States Dollar (USD) 1 trillion to USD 3 trillion, resulting in the creation of over 2 million new employments globally. The swift progression of nanoparticle technology from 2000 to 2024 is primarily propelled by substantial industrial investment in research and development, alongside collaborations with academic institutions. The National Nanotechnology Initiative in the United States (US) has significantly contributed to these developments, with federal funding exceeding USD 30 billion by 2024 since its establishment in 2001. This funding has catalyzed significant advancements in both commercial and research applications of nanotechnology. Patent data highlights this expansion, with China establishing itself as the preeminent nation in nanotechnology patents. From 2000 to 2024, China steadily raised its proportion of nanotechnology patents, accounting for almost 40% of the global total by 2024. The US, Japan, Germany, and the Republic of Korea continued to be significant contributors, together advancing the frontiers of innovation in nanotechnology. In this timeframe, the quantity of nanotechnology-related patents increased by more than 150%, demonstrating the swift growth of the sector. The regulation of nanotechnology in the US is primarily managed by the Food and Drug Administration, particularly about healthcare and biotechnology applications. As the scope of nanotechnology uses has expanded, there is an increasing demand for more extensive regulations concerning potential long-term environmental and health effects. The future trajectory of nanotechnology, both in the US and worldwide, will hinge on continuous invention, economic advancement, and the progression of governmental policy. By upholding a robust regulatory framework and promoting ongoing collaboration between academics and industry, the complete potential of nanotechnology in advancing industrial and societal progress can be actualized.
Impact of Environmental Factors of Stream Ecosystems on Aquatic Invertebrate Communities
Authors: Lee Jong-Won , Lee Sang-Woo , Lee Heera , Park Se-Rin
Published: February 2025

Understanding the responses of stream ecosystems to environmental disturbances is essential for maintaining and restoring healthy ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the associations between benthic macroinvertebrate communities and environmental factors using machine learning approaches to identify key stressors potentially influencing stream ecosystem health. Various machine learning models were evaluated, with random forest (RF) and gradient boosting machine (GBM) identified as the optimal models for predicting tolerant species (TS) and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) species densities. SHAP analysis revealed that watershed variables, such as elevation, flow velocity, and slope, significantly influenced EPT and TS populations. EPT population density increased with elevation and flow velocity but decreased significantly with higher levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and agricultural land-use proportions, with negative effects becoming evident beyond threshold levels. Conversely, TS population density showed a positive response to elevated BOD, TN, and agricultural land-use proportions, stabilizing at the threshold levels of BOD and TN, but continuing to increase with greater agricultural land use. Through machine learning, this study provides critical insights into how environmental variables are associated with the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. By identifying threshold levels of key stressors, this approach offers actionable guidance for managing agricultural runoff, enhancing riparian buffers, and implementing sustainable land-use practices. These findings contribute to the development of integrated watershed management strategies that promote the long-term sustainability of stream ecosystems.
The Impact of Educational Economic Factors on Institutional Sustainability Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Management Practices
Authors: Benlaria Houcine , Almawishir Naeimah Fahad S.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between educational economic factors and institutional sustainability performance in Saudi public universities, examining the mediating role of green management practices. Using data from 168 respondents across three Saudi public universities, we employed a quantitative approach through structured questionnaires measuring educational economic factors, green management practices, and institutional sustainability performance. PLS-SEM analysis revealed significant direct effects of educational economic factors on sustainability performance, with economic incentive programs demonstrating the strongest influence (β = 0.465, p < 0.001). Green management practices exhibited significant mediating effects, notably between financial resource allocation and sustainability performance (β = 0.191, p < 0.001). The model explains 61.6% of the variance in sustainability performance. The findings provide insights into the dynamics of sustainability implementation in Saudi higher education institutions, particularly highlighting the crucial mediating role of green management practices in translating economic initiatives into sustainability outcomes. While the study’s focus on three Saudi public universities may limit generalizability, it contributes to understanding sustainability implementation within Saudi Vision 2030’s environmental framework. Future research opportunities include expanding to private institutions, incorporating additional geographical regions, and implementing longitudinal studies to track sustainability performance evolution.
Asymptotics of Riemann Sums for Uniform Partitions of Intervals of Integration
Authors: Adam Marcin , Ludew Jakub Jan , Różański Michał , Smuda Adrian , Wituła Roman
Published: February 2025

Our goal is to prove the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula using only the Taylor formula. Furthermore, the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula will be considered for the case of functions of the class C2k([a,b]). A stronger version of the estimation of the rest for functions of class Cn([a,b]) is given. We will also present the application of the obtained Euler–Maclaurin summation formulas to determine the asymptotics of Riemann sums for uniform partitions of intervals of integration. This paper also introduces the concepts of the asymptotic smoothing of the graph of a given function, as well as the asymptotic uniform distribution of the positive and negative values of the given function (generalizing the concept of the symmetric distribution of these values with respect to the x-axis, as in the case of the Peano–Jordan measure).
INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: Alindra Bagus Malik , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Hepni Hepni , Nawangsari Dyah
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to analyze the integration of technology in Islamic boarding schools through Rahman's concept of thinking to adapt to the times. Fazlur Rahman criticized Islamic education which is limited in understanding the Qur'an and Sunnah, and emphasized the importance of ethics and curriculum improvement. Technology in Islamic boarding schools can improve access, learning resources, and student involvement. The flow of information encourages the search for truth, including in Islamic religious education. The method used in this paper is a literature study, with data collection through understanding and reviewing theories from various relevant literature. The data analysis technique uses document analysis which not only records information, but also understands the hidden meaning in the document carefully and critically. The results of this paper show that Fazlur Rahman emphasizes the balance between maintaining Islamic values ​​and adapting to technology in Islamic boarding school education. He applies technology integration to improve learning without sacrificing the idealism of Islamic boarding schools, with a healthy environment, competent educators, and preservation of Islamic moral values. This approach allows Islamic boarding schools to produce a generation that is faithful, intelligent, and ready to face digital challenges.
THE ROLE OF KITAB LUBAB AL-HADIST IN ENHANCING OF DHIKR AMONG MAJELIS TA'LIM AL-WUSTHO CONGREGATION
Authors: Soraya Syarifah , Rahmawati Nadiyah
Published: February 2025

Dhikr mentioning and remembering Allah is not only commanded by Allah and His Messenger, but will also bring direct benefits to everyone who is dhikr. Whoever the person is and under any conditions, dhikr will have a positive impact. Dhikr will give peace to the public just like what a kiyai and ustadz enjoy. Dhikr will soothe a hard man's heart just as it soothes a gentle woman's heart. When people dhikr, God will be close to them without limits and status. However, many ta'lim assembly worshippers are not motivated to dhikr. It is often found that there is a lack of understanding of the congregation for the concept of dhikr in depth. This causes the dhikr to be less meaningful and does not have a significant impact on their spiritual life.This research aims to determine the role of the Book  of Lubab Al-Hadith in improving the understanding, motivation, and quality of dhikr of the Ta'lim Al-Wustho Assembly. The research method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and documentation. The data obtained was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study show that the Book of Lubab Al-Hadith has an important role in increasing the understanding and motivation of the Ta'lim Al-Wustho Assembly congregation in dhikr. The congregation's understanding of dhikr has become deeper, their motivation to dhikr has increased, and the quality of their dhikr has improved. This has a positive impact on the spiritual life of the congregation, which can be seen from the increase in peace of mind, closeness to Allah SWT, and enthusiasm in worship. This research makes a significant contribution in understanding the role of the book of hadith in improving the practice of dhikr and spirituality of Muslims. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for ustadz, ta'lim council administrators, and researchers in developing a more effective dhikr coaching program.
WOMEN'S FIQH AS A FOUNDATION FOR ISLAMIC DA'WAH AND A DRIVER OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT TO ENHANCE RELIGIOUS AWARENESS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Husna Faiqoh , Arsam Hawasi , Abdurrachman Solahuddin
Published: February 2025

Women's fiqh is an important aspect of Islam that has great potential to empower women and enhance religious awareness in Indonesia. However, the understanding and application of women's fiqh in the context of da'wah are still suboptimal. This research aims to explore the role of women's fiqh as a foundation for Islamic da'wah and a driver of women's empowerment in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The subjects of the research consist of women involved in da'wah activities and fiqh education in various institutions. The findings indicate that women's fiqh can enhance religious awareness and empower women, but there are still gaps in the application of da'wah materials relevant to contemporary challenges. The study concludes that women's fiqh has significant potential in women's empowerment, and there is a need for the development of more contextual and applicable da'wah materials. This research contributes to the understanding of women's fiqh as a tool for women's empowerment and opens up space for further discussion on the integration of fiqh in education and da'wah.
ORIENTALISM AND ISLAM: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROPHET MUHAMMAD AND THE JEWS AS PRESENTED IN CHAPTER SIX OF MONTGOMERY WATT’SBOOK MUHAMMAD AT MEDINA
Authors: Masuwd Mowafg , Ayad Nahid , Albshkar Hajer , Alsayd Abdulnaser
Published: February 2025

This research critically examines Montgomery Watt’s views on the Prophet’s biography, particularly his relationship with the Jews, in order to refute the misconceptions raised by Watt and other Orientalists who adopted similar perspectives. The study focuses on a critical analysis of Watt’s interpretations of the Prophet’s relationship with the Jews in Medina through a thorough reading of the sixth chapter of his book. The researchers present and objectively critique a selection of Watt’s views, highlighting the ambiguity and bias in his narrative. The study reveals the author’s lack of objectivity in his depiction of the Prophet’s biography, as he selectively frames events in a way that portrays the Jews as victims of the Arabs and Islam. Furthermore, the research aims to shed light on the intellectual and Orientalist influences that may have shaped Watt’s approach and analysis.
يتناول هذا البحث آراء مونتجمري وات في السيرة النبوية خصوصا علاقة الرسول محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم باليهود بالنقد والتمحيص لرد الشبهات التي أثيرت من قبل مونتجمري وات وبعض المستشرقين الآخرين ممن تبنوا أفكارا مشابهة.  تركز هذه الدراسة على تحليل نقدي لآراء مونتجمري وات في علاقة الرسول باليهود في المدينة من خلال قراءة متأنية للفصل السادس من كتابه. وقد قام الباحثون بعرض مجموعة من هذه الآراء مع نقدها نقدا موضوعيا يساهم في رفع الغموض وإظهار الموقف العدائي للمؤلف من الإسلام ونبي الإسلام حيث يتبين عدم موضوعية المؤلف في سرده للسيرة النبوي وتناوله إياها بنوع من التحيز والانتقائية ليصور اليهود كضحية للعرب والإسلام. كما تسعى الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على التأثيرات الفكرية والاستشراقية التي قد تكون الأساس الذي شكل توجهات وات وتحليله.
Lived Experiences of Older Adults with Advanced CKD and Their Caregivers
Authors: Cameranesi Margherita , Mollard Rebecca , Harasemiw Oksana , Curtis Sarah , Iman Yasmin , Buenafe Jeann , Protudjer Jennifer L.P. , Tangri Navdeep , MacKay Dylan
Published: February 2025

Background

To date, very little is known about the lived experiences of families impacted by chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially regarding the adaptive coping strategies these families use to successfully cope with the chronic stress they must face due to CKD.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative descriptive study was conducted by recruiting a sub-sample of adults with advanced CKD participating in the Canadian Frailty Observation and Interventions Trial (CanFIT) study and some of their caregivers. As part of this ongoing larger study, 12 adults with advanced CKD and seven of their caregivers (N = 19) completed one focus group discussion that explored topics related to their unique lived experiences of individuals impacted by CKD. Narrative data was analyzed using a 3-step inductive thematic analysis process.

Results

Three themes that portray participants’ lived experiences were identified, including 1) experiencing chronic stress due to CKD; 2) coping successfully with the stress caused by CKD; and 3) recommendations to improve family well-being.

Conclusions

Social and health services for families impacted by CKD may be more effective in promoting the health, well-being, and quality of life of both adults with CKD and their caregivers if they acknowledge the chronic stressors these families face daily and provide support strategies that help them successfully cope with such stressors.
Combate a violência doméstica contra a mulher: possíveis avanços a partir da inteligência artificial
Authors: Santos Wellyngton de Paula
Published: February 2025

A sociedade de uma forma geral está condicionada a mudanças em diferentes setores e motivadas por diferentes aspectos, que envolvem valores culturais, econômicos, tecnológicos e de outras naturezas. A questão da segurança pública é outro fator que precisa de constante aperfeiçoamento e políticas públicas visando sempre mitigar todos os detrimentos decorrentes da ausência de bem-estar social. Um dos graves problemas na área de segurança pública no país se trata da violência contra a mulher, especialmente no âmbito doméstico e familiar, que não se resumem somente as agressões físicas, que são mais características e incisivas, mas também as formas de violência moral, patrimonial e de outros tipos. Paralelo a estes fatores, uma temática que ganha cada vez mais destaque por discussões de difentes tipos é a inteligência artificial, que junto a diversos benefícios de celeridade em diversos processos, também traz alguns desafios. De todo modo, estas tecnologias que ainda estão sendo incorporadas ao cotidiano de grande parte da sociedade trazem reflexos também na segurança pública, se utilizadas com adequada estruturação podem representar avanços inclusive no combate a violência contra a mulher. Com isso o estudo tem a seguinte problemática: como a inteligência artificial pode ajudar a reduzir os índices de violência contra a mulher? Para responder tal problema de pesquisa, o estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar as possíveis aplicações da inteligência artificial no combate a violência contra a mulher. Como objetivos específicos: analisar os conceitos relacionados a inteligência artificial; verificar quais aspectos fazem com que a violência contra a mulher ainda se perpetue na sociedade brasileira; analisar exemplos práticos contidos na literatura sobre tecnologias aplicadas a redução das violências domésticas. A metodologia do estudo se caracteriza como uma revisão de literatura de natureza básica e qualitativa
Medicamentos no utilizables, productos de cuidado personal y sus residuos posconsumo en Costa Rica: impacto en el medio ambiente y sus consecuencias en la salud pública
Authors: Sáenz-García Gustavo
Published: February 2025

In Costa Rica, access to health and access to medicines has been an effective historical priority; the epidemiology is comparable to that of countries from the First World. The delivery of medications by social security reached 143 million recipes (2023), including packaging materials. The inadequate disposal of waste from medicines, cosmetics, and other products significantly impacts public health. Contamination has been evident environmentally due to the inadequate disposal of these wastes and the poor treatment of wastewater contaminated with human and animal excretions. Likewise, packaging materials and ordinary waste can be used to counterfeit medicines, and the impact of the presence of medications in the environment favors resistance antimicrobials. Internationally, actions have been recommended to address the issue of the disposal of domestic waste of medicines, such as eco - design and personalized medicine, post - medication programs, the fulfillment of extended producer responsibility, and educational and advocacy campaigns for public awareness. The only permanent post - consumption program in Central America has been demonstrated and made visible through this review that the lack of adherence to these treatments by end users is a topic that must be investigated in depth to save costs from misuse in addition to strengthening the culture of responsible disposal of unusable medicines and their packaging materials.