bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Firewall: Leveraging Machine Learning for Real-Time Insider Threats Identification and User Profiling
Authors: Qawasmeh Saif AlDean , AlQahtani Ali Abdullah S.
Published: January 2025

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to organizational cybersecurity, often leading to catastrophic financial and reputational damages. Traditional tools like firewalls and antivirus systems lack the sophistication needed to detect and mitigate these threats in real time, particularly when faced with subtle and evolving malicious behaviors. This paper introduces a machine learning-based system that integrates real-time anomaly detection with dynamic user profiling, enabling the classification of employees into risk categories—low, medium, and high. By leveraging continuous monitoring and adaptive algorithms, the proposed tool provides immediate alerts and actionable insights, significantly enhancing organizational responsiveness to insider threats. The system’s efficacy was validated using a synthetic dataset, achieving exceptional accuracy across machine learning models, with XGBoost emerging as the most effective for detection and classification. This work addresses critical gaps in traditional and existing machine learning methods, offering a proactive, scalable, and fully automated solution. Future research will explore real-world data validation and incorporate psychological profiling to further augment detection capabilities, setting a foundation for the next generation of insider threat management systems.
On Some Unification Theorems: Yang-Baxter Systems; Johnson-Tzitzeica Theorem
Authors: Nichita Florin Felix
Published: January 2025

The Yang–Baxter equation emerged from a theoretical physics article written by the Nobel laureate C.N. Yang and from statistical mechanics work of R.J. Baxter. Attempts to unify the algebra structures and the coalgebra structures have eventually led to new solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. But, in order to capture the information encapsulated in modules over algebras and comodules over coalgebras, we will need some kind of extensions of the Yang-Baxter equation, called Yang-Baxter systems. Also, the Tzitzeica-Johnson theorem is generalized in the curent paper.
Marchantia polymorpha as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Nowaczyński Filip , Nicoletti Rosario , Zimowska Beata , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Marchantia polymorpha L., also known as common liverwort or umbrella liverwort, is a spore-forming plant belonging to Marchantiaceae family. This thallose liverwort has gained importance as a model plant, mainly because of its global distribution, and easy and rapid in vitro culturing. A review of the literature shows that the dominant compounds in this species are undoubtedly sesquiterpenoids and bisbibenzyls. Among sesquiterpenoids it is worth to mention cuparenes, chamigranes and thujopsanes. Compounds belonging to these classes were found in specimens from Japan, China, Poland, Germany, and India, and could be the chemical markers of this liverwort species. The most characteristic compound occurring in M. polymorpha is a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl, marchantin A. Marchantin-type aromatic compounds together with other bisbibenzyls, such as riccardin D, isoriccardin C or perrottetin E were proven to withhold antifungal and antibacterial properties in various studies. Marchantin A is structurally similar to tubocurarine, exhibiting myorelaxant activity. Its antioxidant and cytotoxic effects have also been confirmed. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the diversity of compounds produced by M. polymorpha, emphasizing chemical variability depending on the origin of the plant material. Moreover, the biological activity of extracts obtained from this liverwort species as well as single secondary metabolites are described.
Undergraduate Nursing Student Perceptions of Clinical Training Approaches
Authors: Hardan-Khalil Kholoud , Jadalla Ahlam , Deckers Cathleen M , Costa Christine B
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Undergraduate nursing students report encountering significant challenges when they do pre-planning for clinical days. The literature lacks evidence regarding this educational model for clinical training, yet faculty continue to use it despite the evidence that supports it. This study explored undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of their preclinical training activities. Methods: A quasi-experimental, After-only, nonequivalent control group design was employed at a public nursing school in an urban setting. A total of 110 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in advanced medical-surgical course. Participants were divided into two groups based on their preparation approach for clinical practice. Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil survey at the end of the course’s clinical rotation. The survey comprised three sections: (1) Sociodemographic information, (2) The nursing clinical education tool (NCET) developed for this study, and (3) Two open-ended questions focusing on the pros and cons of preplanning and reflective care approaches. The responses were analyzed and compared using a nonparametric two-independent samples Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The findings indicated that students in eight out of ten nursing clinical education survey categories favored the reflective care approach. No differences were found between groups concerning class grade point average (GPA), the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) passing rate, or standardized tests. Conclusions: The reflective care approach was perceived more favorably than preplanning. Engaging in clinical reasoning strategies requires educators to rethink how students interact with clinical education. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based methods to enhance the clinical learning experience and promote patient safety.
Evaluating Smart Home Usability and Accessibility in Early Detection and Intervention of Mental Health Challenges Among Older Adults
Authors: Fakhimi Mohammad Mahdi , Hughes Adriana , Gustavson Alisson M.
Published: January 2025

Background: As the global population ages, mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline become increasingly prevalent. Smart home technologies (SHTs) offer potential for real-time monitoring and early intervention, yet practical barriers related to usability, accessibility, and user acceptance persist. Methods: This narrative review summarizes literature from 2010 to early 2024 on SHT development, focusing on older adults’ mental health needs. User-centered design principles, accessibility guidelines, and ethical considerations were synthesized to identify challenges and facilitators. Results: Findings highlight issues such as complex interfaces, cognitive overload, and high costs, which limit SHT adoption. Accessibility barriers, including physical and sensory impairments, likewise reduce engagement and threaten the inclusivity of current SHT solutions. Nevertheless, research shows that user-centric design, participatory co-development, and adaptive interfaces can significantly improve acceptance. Early detection systems integrating AI-driven behavioral monitoring, medication reminders, and social engagement features demonstrate promise for timely mental health support. Conclusions: By addressing usability, accessibility, affordability, and privacy concerns through a multidisciplinary framework, SHTs can facilitate holistic mental health care for older adults. These systems have the potential to enhance autonomy, support aging in place, and foster improved wellbeing, provided that they are tailored to the diverse needs of end users.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Exercise in Hypoxia and Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet in Managing Hypertension in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Novel Intervention Approach
Authors: Kindlovits Raquel , Sousa Ana Catarina , Viana João Luís , Milheiro Jaime , Oliveira Bruno M. P. M. , Marques Franklim , Santos Alejandro , Teixeira Vitor Hugo
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which could alter metabolic, vascular and hematological parameters. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHF) diet benefits glycemic and blood pressure control. In turn, exercise in hypoxia (EH) is known to improve insulin sensitivity, erythropoiesis and angiogenesis. LCHF combined with EH seem to be a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM and hypertension (HTN), but evidence is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of EH combined with a LCHF on hematological and lipid profiles, inflammation and blood pressure in older patients with T2DM and coexistent HTN. Diabetic patients with HTN (n=42) were randomly assigned to a (1) control group: control diet (high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet) + exercise in normoxia; (2) EH group: control diet + EH; (3) intervention group: LCHF + EH. Baseline and eight-week measurements included systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP, respectively), and hematological and lipid profiles and inflammation biomarkers. Blood pressure decreased after interventions (p<0.001), with no differences among groups (SBP: p=0.151; DBP: p=0.124 and MAP: p=0.18). There were no differences in lipid profile and C-reactive protein (p>0.05). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased in the EH group (p=0.027), while MCH concentration decreased in the EH+LCHF group (p=0.046). In conclusion, there is no additional benefit in adding hypoxia to exercise or restricting carbohydrates, on blood pressure in patients with T2DM and coexisting HTN. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying hematological adaptations is imperative. Trial registration number: NCT05094505.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Antibiotic Prescription Among Dentists Practicing in Saudi Arabia-A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Iyer Kiran , Alfadley Abdulmohsen , Alhababi Jawaher , Aldhafayan Alanoud , Albarrak Amal , Alburidy Faey , Alanazi Fatimah , Albawardi Fatimah
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Prescription challenges in antibiotics contribute to the global prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We are fast moving into an age of ’resistome’, which has grave consequences. Dentists frequently prescribe antibiotics for intraoral infections and as prophylaxis, particularly for immunocompromised patients, though the clinical justification for these prescriptions remains a point of concern. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia regarding antibiotic prescription. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to November 2024, involving 252 dentists from various regions of Saudi Arabia. Data was gathered through social media. Results: The mean professional experience likely to agree prescribing antibiotics post-procedurally to be safe [OR 0.18, P=0.42, CI -0.94]. Contrastingly, knowledge of less experienced dentist [OR 9.60, P=0.03, CI 1.21-76.15] was updated regarding prescribing penicillin for women in third trimester of pregnancy than experienced dentist (>10 years). Conclusions: Though the knowledge level of practitioners in the public sector is reasonably good, there are concerns about antibiotic prescription practice among private dental practitioners.
Diskursus Relasi Agama dan Negara dalam Kanal Youtube Aswaja NU Center Jawa Timur
Authors: Marasabessy Nabila
Published: January 2025

The debate about the relationship between religion and the state in Indonesia has been going on since pre-independence times and the problem is still ongoing today. This debate occurred in various public spaces, including on social media, YouTube channels. Aswaja NU Center East Java is Nahdlatul Ualama's YouTube channel which also articulates discourse on the relations between religion and the state in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to find out how the relationship between religion and the state in Indonesia is interpreted on the Aswaja NU Center East Java YouTube channel and to find out the causes of this discourse continues to this day. This research approach is qualitative using Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis method. This method analyzes discourse from linguistic aspects, aspects of discourse practice and the surrounding social context. The results of the research show that according to the East Java Aswaja NU Center, the most appropriate form of relationship between religion and the state to be implemented in Indonesia is the substantive model, namely the State prioritizes the implementation of religious values ​​in state life rather than the existence of religious symbols. Then the factor that causes the debate on the relationship between religion and the state in Indonesia continues to rage, namely because there is a history of the formulation of the basic state of Pancasila which has not been completed and Pancasila is still used as a political tool of the ruling regime.
The Perpetual Patriarchy And How Dangdut Music Deals With It In A Study Of Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Meifilina Andiwi , Saputra Jumadil
Published: January 2025

Dangdut music is now synonymous with the expression of sexuality. The dangdut phenomenon is actually a national phenomenon, with the concept of selling sexuality becoming a trading strategy by carrying out stage tricks that approach cultural hyperreality that also perpetuate patriarchal culture for dangdut songs dominated by sexuality. This is in contrast to dangdut songs with a religious genre that have a mission of resistance and victory over the patriarchal system. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the semiotics of the representation of power over sexuality in the dangdut song “Duo Semangka” and the religious genre dangdut song “Nasida Ria”. This study is different from previous studies because previous studies have revealed more erotic dancing while this study reveals video clips that are used as points of sensuality along with song lyrics that contain erotic elements and a comparison of religious song lyrics. This qualitative research uses Roland Barthes› semiotic method for the investigation of symbols, forming an important tradition of thought in communication theories. Roland Barthes sees deeper meanings at a more conventional level, namely denotative, connotative and mythical meanings. This study categorizes the patriarchal power found in Duo Semangka dangdut music into five parts, namely the female body, women as seducers of men, relations between men and women and women as objects of men›s gaze and the hyperreality of stage tricks that perpetuate patriarchy. The existence of cultural deviations in patriarchy means that there must be special efforts in implementing the propriety of art and culture. The occurrence of a cultural crisis must be returned to the musical order that is in accordance with the nation›s culture. It is necessary to continue to support dangdut artists to create works with religious themes and pride in the nation›s culture. Steps to balance patriarchal culture in dangdut song lyrics and video clips can be done by raising awareness of patriarchal culture. Furthermore, supporting social change and policies in gender equality in dangdut entertainment songs and video clips. Prioritizing male awareness of social change and becoming agents of change in changing this social norm. There needs to be a dangdut singer who has a mission to fight to cut down on patriarchal culture and show a voice of resistance against social construction that is very gender biased.
Hyperrealites Online Gambling Wins on The "Pola Gacor" Content Youtube
Authors: Mustiawan Mustiawan , Pranawukir Iswahyu
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of hyperreality in YouTube content which displays "gacor patterns" in online gambling. Using a qualitative approach with a critical paradigm, this study applies Roland Barthes' semiotic method to explore how visual signs and text in the content shape perception and behavior The findings show that visual signs such as the highlighting of big winning numbers, the use of bright colors, and emotional expressions of content creators, as well as provocative texts such as "gacor patterns" and "auto max win" create denotative and connotative meanings that blur the boundaries between reality and reality. Fantasy analysis reveals that this content constructs a hyperreality of winning, where the representation of a big win becomes more dominant than the actual reality. This hyperreality encourages gambling behavior in the hope of getting a similar win, which in reality is very dependent on luck. The next myth is about instilling an ideology or belief about normalizing online gambling behavior in society. This content can normalize online gambling practices and make it an activity that is accepted and desired by society. This has the potential to change the public's perception of gambling, making it appear to be a legitimate, legal, halal, and effective way to earn money. Thus ignoring the fact that online gambling is a high-risk activity that can cause significant financial losses.
Netizens' Opinions on the "Boycott Misleading Horror Movies" Action on Social Media Instagram
Authors: Ramadhan Syahrul , Aesthetika Nur Maghfirah , Muhammad Helmy , Asy'ari Nur Aini Shofiya
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze netizen responses to the boycott of horror films that use religious symbols on Instagram social media, as well as identify factors that influence netizen behavior after watching the film. This research uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach and a netnography study. The results show that the majority of netizens support the boycott of films that are considered misleading and damaging to the faith, with the film «Kiblat» as one example that is considered to harass Islamic symbols.  Netizens› reactions are influenced by various factors, including social factors,  personality,religiosity, age, and the role  of social media. Instagram, as the main platform, allowed netizens to express their opinions regarding the boycott of this horror movie,  which shows that social media has an important role in shaping public opinion and can have a significant impact on the film industry in Indonesia. Netizens› negative reactions to the use of religious symbols in horror films reflect a high sensitivity to religious issues, especially when they are perceived to undermine faith values. This research provides important insights into how religious symbols in horror films can trigger widespread social reactions among social media users, as well as how such reactions can influence trends in the creative industry in Indonesia, particularly in the production of films involving religious elements.
Sharia Compliance in the Development of Islamic Micro Finance as a Economic Sustainability
Authors: Santika Ana
Published: January 2025

As a microfinance institution, BMT Assyafi'iyah Berkah Nasional Lampung sometimes faces limitations in operational and investment capital, which affects their ability to expand services and help more members. Many community members, especially in rural areas, do not understand the concept of sharia finance and the benefits of using BMT services, which hinders member growth. The purpose of this study was to determine how the Implementation of Sharia Compliance affects the sustainability of the Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Assyafi'iyah Berkah Nasional Lampung program in poverty alleviation efforts. This study used a qualitative method using triangulation techniques to test the validity of the data. The results of this study found that Murabahah activities carried out by BMT Assyafi'iyah Berkah Nasional in Lampung have a significant impact on poverty alleviation with the management of trustworthy loan funds. Through the distribution of zakat funds, the community is helped in building their businesses. Zakat funds that are managed well can be used to provide business capital to mustahik and are beneficial. Thus, zakat and murabahah play an important role in supporting BMT to carry out its function as an institution that helps empower the people's economy and improve economic sustainability and community welfare.
Predictores micro y macroeconómicos de la rentabilidad de las empresas de los sectores agrario, minero e industrial que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima: evidencia para el periodo 2010 al 2019
Authors:   , Solis Oclocho Susana Jasmin
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar variables micro y macroeconómicas que ayuden a predecir la rentabilidad de las empresas peruanas de los sectores económicos Agrario, Minero e Industrial que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima. Para ello, se estiman modelos de regresión para un conjunto de datos de panel balanceado que contiene información anual de 48 empresas entre los años 2010 y 2019, utilizando diferentes especificaciones y estimadores. La rentabilidad de las empresas se mide a través de los indicadores estándar ROE y ROA. Los resultados muestran que los predictores microeconómicos a nivel empresarial más relevantes son la rentabilidad del año previo, la tasa de crecimiento del tamaño de la empresa y el ratio de endeudamiento, mientras que los predictores macroeconómicos más resaltantes son la tasa de crecimiento del PBI y el tipo de cambio. Si bien los resultados no necesariamente reflejan efectos causales, estos muestran evidencia de que el contexto macroeconómico es importante para la rentabilidad de las empresas.
Development of a methodology for calculating swings in an electrical system
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Klyuev Roman
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The most dangerous type of accident in an electrical system is short circuits, which lead to damage to equipment, increased wear on overhead insulation, and loss of electricity. After disconnecting short circuits with the help of relay protection, swings occur in the system, the nature of which is determined by the previous emergency and subsequent post-emergency mode of the system. The purpose of the research: determination of the maximum and maximum permissible angles of divergence of the EMF of the generator, the system and the swing currents in the line under the condition of dynamic stability. Objects and methods. The object of the study is the high–pressure hydroelectric power plant (HPP) of PJSC RusHydro - Zaramagskaya HPP. The main methods used to solve the tasks set in the work are methods for analyzing electromechanical transients based on the use of systems of differential equations. Results and discussions. The paper proposes a method for calculating the oscillating currents in an electrical system, which provides for determining the maximum and maximum angles of divergence of the EMF of the generator, the system and the oscillating currents in the line, which are permissible under the condition of dynamic stability. Conclusion. The described methodology allows calculating the maximum swing current in the line in the post-emergency mode, which prevents the occurrence of emergency modes in the electrical system. It should be emphasized that improper operation of the protection against swing currents can lead to the most severe type of system failure – a complete loss of communication between the generator and the system. Prospects for further research. Based on existing methods for analyzing electromechanical transients based on the use of systems of differential equations, the developed method for calculating swing currents in an electrical system can be used in the analysis of similar objects involving communication between the system and the generator under various operating conditions. Keywords: electrical system, swing currents, post-emergency modes, absolute acceleration of the generator, angle of divergence of the electromotive force, dynamic stability.
Experimental Investigation on the Countercurrent Imbibition Distance and Factors Influencing the Imbibition Recovery of Carbonated Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Han Xiaobing , Yu Haiyang , Wu Yongheng , Song Peng , Wang Tongbing , Ma Rui , Lu Jun , Wang Yang
Published: January 2025

The integration of fracturing, energy enhancement, and imbibition (IFEI) has proven successful in shale oil development, with one of the keys to enhancing development efficiency lying in improving imbibition effectiveness during the well shut-in phase. Carbonated water (CW) imbibition effectively combines the advantages of CO2 and water for enhanced oil recovery. Nevertheless, research on its performance in shale oil reservoirs remains scarce, and its application in fracturing has not been investigated. This study, for the first time, proposes using CW as a dispersion medium in the formulation of carbonated fracturing fluid to enhance IFEI development in shale oil. Computed tomography (CT) online scanning experiments were specifically designed to investigate the countercurrent imbibition distance (CID) and recovery (CIR) across various fluids, including formation water, nanovariable viscosity slickwater (NVS) fracturing fluids, and the newly formulated carbonated fracturing fluid. Additionally, separate imbibition experiments were carried out to assess the overall imbibition recovery of these fluids, focusing on exploring various factors influencing the imbibition of carbonated fracturing fluid. CT scans reveal that carbonated fracturing fluid significantly enhances imbibition performance, achieving a CID of 1.75 cm and a CIR of 6.95%. Compared with formation water and NVS fracturing fluids, it exhibits increases in CID by 0.75 and 0.25 cm, and improvements in CIR by 4.77 and 1.90%, respectively. Further insights from the imbibition experiments demonstrate that carbonated fracturing fluid achieved the highest recovery at 29.28%, surpassing NVS fracturing fluids (25.17%) and formation water (10.21%). Enhanced imbibition recovery was facilitated by elevated CO2 content, higher temperatures, and increased matrix permeability. Correlation analysis reveals that among the parameters selected, CO2 content exerts the most significant influence, followed by permeability, with temperature having the least impact. This study offers novel insights into the efficient development of shale oil through IFEI and the use of CW.
Examining the relationship between problematic pornography use and mental health status among adolescents of Bangladesh
Authors: Rimti Fahmida Hoque , Ripon Rezaul Karim , Zubayer Abdullah Al , Rimu Fariha Hoque , Rahman Quazi Maksudur , Nailah Mustari Tabassum , Rahman Tareq , Sarkar Tanzeema Younus , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Das Tirthom , Nipun Khairul Islam , Sabuz Md. Shahriar , Akhter Ishita , Nandi Ashim Kumar , Ilman Ahnaf , Hawlader Mohammad Delwar Hossain
Published: January 2025

Background:Pornographic use has been associated with poor mental health consequences. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between problematic pornography use and mental health issues among adolescents in Bangladesh.
Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate the relationship between problematic pornography uses with mental health status of adolescents in Bangladesh. The survey, which involved demographic questions and scales like the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the General Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Brief Pornography Screen, included a sample of 601 teenagers. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression models after the scales underwent step-by-step validation.
Results: It was discovered that boys scored higher (6.71) than girls (3.16), with the mean score for problematic pornography use (PPU) being 5.13. The Brief Pornography Scale revealed substantial relationships with anxiety (r=0.358), loneliness (r=0.382), and perceived social support (r=0.276). The structural modeling equation and hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that problematic use of pornography was associated with being male (r=0.26 to 0.45, p=0.001), higher monthly family cost (r=0.12 to 0.33, p=0.05), accessing pornography online (r=-0.14 to -0.27, p=0.05), consuming pornography through TV/DVD/downloaded videos (r=-0.44 to -0.55). However, the RSES scale did not reveal any correlation between problematic pornography consumption and self-esteem.
Conclusion:This study found significant relationship with problematic pornography use and mental health status of Bangladeshi adolescent. It emphasizes the significance of raising awareness about the danger of problematic pornography use. The results of this study highlight the necessity for focused interventions and educational initiatives addressing the possible hazards connected to this population's pornographic use.
An intervention for Fear of Progression in Childhood Cancer Patients and their Parents: Results of a Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Herrmann Jessy , Kern Laura , Santel Anja , Kulisch Leonard Konstantin , Hoffmann Rahel , Engelhardt-Lohrke Christa , Herzog Kristina , Chen-Santel Christiane , Christiansen Holger , Schepper Florian
Published: January 2025

Background
In pediatric oncology, Fear of Progression (FoP) is a main psychosocial burden for patients and parents. We examined feasibility and efficacy of a family intervention.
Methods
29 families with a cancer-ill child in acute treatment or follow-up care participated in a randomized-controlled trial, getting a tailored intervention and completing questionnaires (FoP and secondary outcomes) at different time points. We report participation and retention rates, between-group comparisons (Mann-Whitney-U-test) and within-group comparisons (Friedman and Wilcoxon test).
Results
Data shows low participation (23%) and acceptable retention (71%) with large differences between treatment settings and only few participating children. For parent´s FoP significant differences between study conditions (W = 65.5, p = .023) and in longitudinal comparisons in both treatment settings were observed.
Conclusion
Data demonstrates feasibility but highlights challenges. The intervention can reduce parental FoP and seems promising for children in different treatment settings.
Implication:
This represents an initial approach to treat elevated FoP in pediatrics.
The Opportunities and Challenges of Digital Assessments in Low-Resource Settings: Evidence from Measuring Reading Fluency in Brazil
Authors: Roncete Karine , Klotz Lucas , Ma Wanjing , Arteaga Emily , Alves Luciana , Chrispim Rebecca , Diniz Danielle , Yeatman Jason , Lichand Guilherme
Published: January 2025

Reading fluency is a critical component of literacy. Rapid and reliable measurement can inform timely decisions to support students falling behind – from differentiated instruction to additional public funds –; yet, conventional methods of assessing reading fluency face significant challenges related to costs, required expertise, and accuracy, especially in low-resource settings. This study explores the opportunities and challenges of digital assessments in these settings by adapting and validating a silent single word reading and sentence reading fluency assessment (the Rapid Online Assessment of Reading, ROAR) to Brazil. Conducted with 2,651 first- to fifth-graders, the study confirms successful adaptation through patterns observed in test-retest reliability, the grade progression of assessed skills, and validation against conventional standardized exams. Compared to widely used analog assessments like EGRA, ROAR stands out for its scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ability to deliver immediate, actionable feedback without the need for human scorers or complex infrastructure. We further document that it reveals insights hidden by conventional tests, in particular when it comes to socioeconomic gaps in reading ability. Success was, however, contingent on multiple adaptations to the local context, including fine-tuning pseudowords and sentences’ generation as well as trial length to language specificities, managing connectivity constraints, and overcoming staff training challenges.
Cytoplasmic calcium influx mediated by Lr14a regulates stomatal immunity against leaf rust in wheat
Authors: Yue Lili , Wang Limin , Neuhäuser Benjamin , Zhang Songyuan , Herren Gerhard , Heuberger Matthias , Jung Esther , Ludewig Uwe , Zipfel Cyril , Keller Beat
Published: January 2025

The race-specific resistance gene Lr14a in wheat confers a unique type of heterogenous resistance reaction. It encodes an ankyrin-repeat transmembrane domain protein that confers immunity against the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina. Here, we show that Lr14a functions as a calcium-permeable channel, mediating cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ influx that is crucial for leaf rust resistance in wheat. Infection with avirulent isolates induced Lr14a expression predominantly in mesophyll cells while triggering cell death in guard cells in wheat. This study revealed a mechanism by which the product of an R gene regulates stomatal immunity non-cell autonomously through the mediation of calcium signaling.
Global ocean heat content over the past 3 million years
Authors: Shackleton Sarah , Hishamunda Valens , Yan Yuzhen , Carter Austin , Morgan Jacob , Severinghaus Jeffrey , Aarons Sarah , Peterson Julia Marks , Epifanio Jenna , Buizert Christo , Brook Ed , Kurbatov Andrei , Bender Mike , Higgins John
Published: January 2025

The Pleistocene Epoch is characterized by global cooling and an increase in the intensity and duration of glacial cycles. Regional surface and subsurface ocean temperature records follow distinct trends over this interval, suggesting dynamic changes in zonal and meridional heat transport and ocean circulation. Here we provide a record of global ocean heat content (or mean ocean temperature) over the last 3 million years from ice core noble gas (Xe/Kr) measurements. We find long-term ocean cooling over this interval, a prominent period of cooling coincident with the Plio-Pleistocene transition (~2.7 Ma), and steady temperatures across the mid-Pleistocene transition (1.2-0.8 Ma). Comparisons with a recent global sea surface temperature compilation show broad consistency in long-term cooling, but important differences at the Plio-Pleistocene and mid-Pleistocene transitions. We suggest that the different trends in surface temperature and mean ocean temperature during these intervals are related to a redistribution of heat between the surface and subsurface via changes in deep water formation and upwelling. Our temperature record also permits an estimate of global ice volume changes between 3 and 0.5 Ma through a deconvolution of the benthic foraminiferal δ18O record pointing to a period of enhanced ice sheet growth around the mid-Pleistocene transition.
Towards H&E Referenced Multiplex Immunofluorescence Interpretation: Spatial Co-localization, Cell Feature Validation, and Virtual H&E Generation
Authors: Wang Chen , Jiang Jun , Moore Raymond , Novotny Brenna , Guo Ruifeng , Fogarty Zachary , Liu Yuanhang , Goode Ellen , Winham Stacey , Markovic Svetomir
Published: January 2025

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence (MxIF) enables detailed immune cell phenotyping, providing critical insights into cell behavior within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). However, signal integrity can be compromised due to the complex cyclic staining processes inherent to MxIF. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, on the other hand, offers complementary information through its depiction of cell morphology and texture patterns and is often visually cross-referenced with MxIF in clinical settings. In this study, we proposed a novel framework to align H&E and MxIF images for precise cross-modal cell feature validation. Using cell detection outputs from each modality as anchors, we formulated the multimodal image registration problem as point set alignment. Coherent Point Drift (CPD) is employed for initial alignment, followed by Graph Matching (GM) for refinement. Evaluations on ovarian cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) demonstrate that our method achieves high alignment accuracy, enabling reliable validation of cell-level features across modalities for both restained and serial sections. Our results indicate that restained H&E enhances confidence in findings derived from MxIF. Additionally, we demonstrated the feasibility of generating high-quality virtual H&E images from MxIF data when restained H&E is unavailable, offering a viable alternative for integrated multimodal analysis.
BHASHABLEND: Bridging Transcription and Translation for Multilingual Video Content
Authors: Tripathi Ayush , Yadav Vanshika , Chauhan Tanishq , Abidi Ali Imam
Published: January 2025

Translating video content into multiple languages is feasible with existing solutions but remains challenging. This work outlines a sophisticated advanced system that satisfies quality and accessibility improvements in multilingual video translation. The proposed method includes extracting audio from video, transcribing the audio using an innovative speech recognition model, and translating the transcribed text into various languages. The system uses Google’s Translation API and Text-to-Speech library, ensuring synchronization with the original video. The BhashaBlend model achieved a strong word error rate of 12.4%, significantly better than many major ASR systems: Google at 15.82%, and Microsoft at 16.51%. The model's performance was powerful for languages with the simplest phonetic realization, such as German, English, and Spanish, proving its dependability in delivering video dubbing. This highlights the potential of the model to produce results where excessive lingual complexity is involved and points towards the high applicability scope of BhashaBlend in language-polyvalent applications.
A replicating RNA vaccine protects against lethal clade 2.3.4.4b influenza A H5N1 virus challenge in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Hawman David , Griffin Amanda , Okumura Atsuhi , Leventhal Shanna , McCarthy Natalie , Agumamidi Mahati , Chorabik Michael , Altynova Ekaterina , Lewis Matthew , Hinkley Troy , Stone E. Taylor , Warner Nikole , Lovaglio Jamie , Smith Brian , Hanley Patrick , Saturday Greg , Shaia Carl , Clancy Chad , Rosenke Kyle , Erasmus Jesse , Feldmann Heinz
Published: January 2025

In early 2024, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A H5N1 virus was detected in United States dairy cattle. While so far the public health threat of contemporary clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus strains remains low, continued circulation in mammals and frequent spillover into humans poses a threat of pandemic H5N1. The United States and other countries have stockpiled vaccines and have plans in place to rapidly produce vaccines should a pandemic H5N1 virus emerge. However, the continued antigenic drift of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 antigens compared to historical antigens used by stockpiled vaccines has raised questions of whether these vaccines will confer protection or if stockpiles need to be updated. We recently evaluated a replicating RNA (repRNA) vaccine against lethal contemporary 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus challenge in mice and found that a homologous but not historical H5 hemagglutinin (HA)-based vaccine conferred protection. Here we further evaluated the protective capacity of a repRNA expressing the contemporary 2.3.4.4b HA or a repRNA expressing a historical H5 HA (A/Vietnam/1203/2004) in a recently developed lethal non-human primate challenge model. We found that both vaccines conferred robust protection against lethal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus challenge, protecting against clinical disease and death, reducing viral loads and signs of respiratory illness. Our data show the repRNA platform can elicit protective immunity against lethal respiratory influenza disease and that historical H5 HAs elicit cross-protective immunity.
Mean–Variance Portfolio Optimization Using Ensemble Learning-Based Cryptocurrency Price Prediction
Authors: Safari Mojtaba , Nakharutai Nawapon , Chiawkhun Phisanu , Phetpradap Parkpoom
Published: January 2025

The success of portfolio construction largely relies on accurately forecasting future asset performance. Advances in machine learning present significant opportunities to integrate prediction theory into portfolio selection. However, some studies indicate that relying on a single prediction model may lead to biased forecasts or suboptimal portfolio outcomes due to individual algorithms' inherent limitations and assumptions. This study proposes an ensemble learning approach for portfolio optimization by combining advanced predictive analytics with classical mean-variance (MV) models as a two-stage methodology. To do so, seven machine learning models, including LSTM, BLSTM, GRU, DMLP, RF, XGBoost, and SVR, are combined using ensemble approaches such as ridge regression (RR) and principal component regression (PCR). Next, the future insights are integrated into the MV framework to optimize asset allocations, aiming to balance risk and return effectively. An empirical analysis of top cryptocurrencies showed that ensemble learning improves prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the integration of forecasting results with the MV framework outperformed traditional approaches in terms of risk-adjusted returns and portfolio stability.
Neurocognitive and QoL Profiles as a Tools for Informed Decisions in Brain Metastasis Management: Analysis from A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (CTRI/2022/01/039599).
Authors: Surendran Haripriya Parapparambil , Dutta Debnarayan , Unnikrishnan Mazhuvancherry Kesavan , Poornchary Narmadha Mukunthu , Chandran Dhanya , Kalavagunta Sruthi , Ayiramuthu Parasuraman , Mangalath Sabitha
Published: January 2025

Purpose:To evaluate neurocognitive function and quality of life (QoL) scores in brain metastasis (BM) patients as potential indicators for optimizing therapeutic interventions.
Methods:Neurocognitive function and QoL scores were collected from a prospective randomized trial (CTRI/2022/01/039599) involving BM patients (n=130). Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE), and QoL was measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 and BN20 questionnaires prior to radiation therapy (RT). Predictors of neurocognitive decline and QoL outcomes were identified through descriptive and regression analyses to inform intervention strategies.
Results:At baseline, mean ACE scores were 75.19 ± 18.67. Among patients, 60% had normal cognitive function (ACE ≥ 75), while 28.5%, 6.2%, and 5.4% exhibited mild (1 SD decline), moderate (2 SDs decline), and severe cognitive impairment (ACE < 37), respectively. Significant predictors of impairment included poor performance status (ECOG 2; OR = 52.08, p < 0.001), education below graduation (OR = 0.002, p = 0.03), hypertension (OR = 52.08, p = 0.02), and lesions in the left temporal (OR = 71.4, p = 0.04) and occipital lobes (p = 0.03). Baseline mean global QoL score was 56.5 ± 32.5, with functional domain scores ≤60 in all patients.
Conclusion:At baseline, 60% of BM patients demonstrated normal cognition, while the remaining exhibited impairments, predominantly in memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial abilities. Severe cognitive impairment correlated with poor ECOG status, lower education, hypertension, and left temporal lesions. Incorporating neurocognitive and QoL assessments into routine practice may aid in personalized intervention planning.
Trial registration number: CTRI/2022/01/039599
Principal component analysis for yield and quality traits of sugar beet varieties treated by proline under saline stress
Authors: Abu-Ellail Farrag Farghal Boraiy , Abdelkawy Ramy Nabil Farez , Sadek Karam Abdel
Published: January 2025

Background
In our study, saline soil stress negatively affects root and sugar yields. Therefore, six sugar beet varieties were evaluated using different levels of proline to decrease the harmful effect of salinity in 2022/2023 and 2023/2024.
Methods
Proline treatments (control, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) were sprayed in the main plots, and six sugar beet varieties were arranged within subplots, such as Smart Seza, Smart Meyra, BTS 3880, BTS 3740, SV 2003, and Wombat Smart during the two seasons.
Results
The elite varieties recording high mean values for growth and yield traits were Smart Seza and Smart Mayra, whereas the best varieties reflecting high mean values for quality traits were SV2003 and Smart Seza. The root diameter (RD), root length (RL), top fresh weight (TW), root fresh weight / plant (RW), extractable sugar (EXT), sucrose (SU), and sugar yield (SY) showed a positive relationship with the root yield of sugar beets, whereas potassium (K), α-amino (N), sodium (Na), and sucrose loss to molasses (SLM) showed a negative relationship with sugar yield. Results revealed that out of 12, only three principal components (PCs) showed 95.6% variability among the studied traits. Maximum variation was found for PC1; therefore, the selection of important characteristics that increase sugar yield under PC1 may be desirable.
Conclusions
A 200 ppm proline concentration sprayed on sugar beet varieties can be recommended to achieve high yield and quality sugar traits. In general, Smart Seza and Smart Mayra were the best varieties with high mean values for growth, yield, and quality attributes.
A Webshell Detection Method Based on Multi-Feature Fusion and Federated Learning
Authors: ZENG Qing-peng , CHAI Jiang-li , WU Jian-sheng
Published: January 2025

Webshell attacks have become a prevalent strategy in the arsenal of network intruders, enabling them to seize a measure of control over web servers and execute malicious operations. These incursions are particularly insidious due to their covert nature, with attackers perpetually devising fresh Webshell variants to sidestep security measures. Compounding the issue is the shortfall in information exchange and collaboration among server networks, which leads to a patchwork of detection capabilities against Webshell threats. This fragmentation hampers the development of a unified and potent defense architecture.This scholarly work introduces a cutting-edge Webshell detection technique founded on the principles of federated learning, tailored to overcome the aforementioned challenges. The proposed method amalgamates a diverse array of features from various tiers of Webshell analysis, including source code, Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) sequence features, and Opcode sequence features, along with a suite of statistical attributes such as code structure features, text obfuscation metrics, and indicators reflecting Cybersecurity expertise and experience. The research constructs a TextCNN-based neural network architecture specifically attuned to learning the malevolent behaviors exhibited by Webshell samples. In parallel, the study leverages the FedAvg algorithm from the realm of federated learning, coupled with the DP-SGD optimizer, to facilitate collaborative training across numerous participants while ensuring that data remains within their respective domains. This approach not only upholds data privacy but also forestalls the leak of sensitive information.The empirical findings from the experiments conducted on the AMWD’22 dataset are resoundingly positive. The proposed method’s model achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 99.47%, complemented by an F-1 score of 99.67%, signifying superior detection capabilities when compared to alternative models. Furthermore, the rigorous design of federated learning experiments for comparative analysis has successfully validated that the model’s accuracy can be enhanced from an already high baseline of 98.01% to an even more remarkable 99.01%, all while ensuring that data remains within its original domain, thus preserving privacy and security.