bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sintering and Crystallization of Glass-Ceramics for Optical Fiber Ferrule
Authors: Zhu Y.M. , Wu Xia Wan , Li Zhi Hong
Published: March 2009

The crystallization and sintering of the Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass powder compacts were studied. Results showed the relative densities of the sintered compacts with lower crystallization temperatures were higher than those with higher crystallization temperatures. A small amount of residual glass in the crystallized compact was good for sintering and densification. Compared with the heat treatment time, the heat treatment temperature was an important factor for the crystallization and sintering of glass powder compacts. The crystallized compacts with a small amount of residual glass should be sintered at a relatively higher heating rate under the prerequisite of keeping sintered compacts from deformation.
Sialite Technology and Cycle Economy
Authors: Sun Heng Hu , Li Yu , Wang Nan , Zhao Yong Hong
Published: March 2009

Sialite, made according to the theory of simulation to formation of rock, is a new
aluminosilicate-based cementitious material. Production of sialite does not require calcination, which
consists of a main body (90%-97%) and an auxiliary body. Main body is made up of solid wastes such as
fly ash, gangue, blast furnace slag, steel slag, red mud, waste bricks, waste glass and any other types of
slag produced as a by-product in burning processes. The auxiliary body is a diagentic substance made by
natural minerals. Sialite products have been successfully put into practice, which have the characteristics
of cleaning production and low consumption of natural resources. Therefore sialite technology would
provide an efficient method for promoting the development of a sustainable economy.
Microporous Ceramics Made by Silicon Carbide Whiskers
Authors: Dai Chang Hong , Zhao Ru , Shui Li , Zhang Bao Bao
Published: March 2009

A new method for preparing microporous ceramics by the silicon carbide whiskers was studied
in this paper. The physical and chemical properties and the microstructure of the microporous ceramics
were tested, while some influencing factors for the product, such as the amount of sintering aids and
sintering temperature, were discussed. The results suggest that the apparent porosity of the microporous
ceramics is 55.7-59.8% and the flexural strength is 127-176MPa. The pore distribution of the
microporous ceramics is uniformity and the diameter of the pore ranges between 0.5μm and 7μm. The
porosity and pore size of the microporous ceramic can be controlled by adjusting the sintering
temperature and the amount of sintering aids.
Effect of Deposition Conditions on TiO2 Thin Film on Silica Glass Fibers by Liquid Phase Deposition
Authors: Li Shun , Liu Jia Chen , Cui Chao Liang , Liu Li Bin
Published: March 2009

Crystalline TiO2 thin films coated on silica glass fibers and nano-powders were prepared by adding H3BO3 into an (NH4)2TiF6 solution supersaturated with anatase nano-crystalline TiO2 at 40°C. The effect of the deposition conditions on the surface morphology, section morphology, growth patterns, thicknesses of the deposited TiO2 thin films were investigated. Growth rate and particle size of the thin films were controlled by the deposition conditions. As a result, a well-combined and durable TiO2 thin films on silica glass fibers surface obtained under definite optimizing experimental conditions and parameters.
Oxidation Resistance of Mild Steels Coated with Ce4+-Modified TiO2 Nanofilms
Authors: Shi Z.M. , Yu W.G. , Ji G.J. , Zhou Hai
Published: March 2009

The Ce4+-modified titania nanofilm was deposited onto mild steels by the sol-gel method. The
effect of the film on protecting mild steels from oxidation was studied by means of oxidation test, SEM
and XRD. It was found that the anti-oxidation effect is increased by Ce4+ modifying and with increasing
layer number. When oxidized below 600 oC, the Ce4+-modified double-layer titania nanofilm possesses
an excellent anti-oxidation performance that is comparable with that of the stainless steel.
Influence of La3+ Ions on the Photo-Catalytic Activity of TiO2 Films Prepared by Micro-Plasma Oxidation Method
Authors: Wu Xiao Hong , Qin Wei , Ding Xian Bo , Jiang Zhao Hua
Published: March 2009

Micro-porous TiO2 ceramic films have been grown on titanium plates by the micro-plasma oxidation method with the electrolyte of H2SO4. The influence of La3+ ion addition in the electrolyte on the photo-catalytic activities was investigated. The results showed that titanium dioxide thin films produced with La3+ addition electrolyte exhibit higher photo-activity than pure electrolyte for the oxidation of rhodamine B. The removal of rhodamine B reaches 90% for 30 min when La3+ addition concentrate is 0.05 g/L. Experimental results of X-ray diffraction and atom force microscopy show that the increase in activity is related to change in the lattice parameters and cell volume.
Preparation of N-Doped TiO2 Photocatalytic Paint and its Sterilization Performance under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ning , Cao Wen Bin , Li Yan Hong , Ran Fan Yong
Published: March 2009

A new functional photocatalytic paint was prepared by adding N-doped nanocrystalline anatase
TiO2 powders into self-engineered oxidation resistance latex paint system. The property of the UV-Vis
light absorbance of the paint was characterized. The effects of the amount, types, and the introducing
methods of the TiO2 in the paints on the behavior of the UV absorption, photocatalytic properties of the
paint were systematically investigated. UV-Vis absorption spectra reveal that the ultraviolet light can
strongly be absorbed by the paints. The absorption edge of the N-doped nanocrystalline anatase powders
modified paint has red-shifted to visible light region. The colony counting method is used to study its
sterilization performance under visible light irradiation. The sterilization experiments show that the rate
of sterilizing staphylococcal bacteria by the N-doped TiO2 modified paint can exceed more than 99%
after the paint has been irradiated by the visible light for 2 to 4 hours.
Preparation and Synthetic Mechanism of Silicon Carbide Nanometer Whiskers
Authors: Li Qiu Yi , Song Zu Wei , Zhao Ru , Xue Wei Hua , Qiao Ying Jie
Published: March 2009

β-SiC nanometer whiskers were prepared in a double heating furnace that is composed of the interior and exterior heating systems. The SiO2 nanometer powder and char pyrolyzed from phenol formaldehyde resin were used as starting materials. The effects of sintering temperature and holding time on β-SiC nanometer whiskers were investigated and the synthetic mechanism was studied. It was revealed that the β-SiC nanometer whiskers, with the diameter of 50-80nm and the aspect ratio of 50-300, can be prepared at 1300°C for 60 min. The purity of the β-SiC nanometer whiskers is about 99%.
Effect of Dispersant on the Particle Size Distribution of Cu Powders Prepared by Wet-Reduction Process
Authors: Kim Yong Yee , Park Young Min , Park Hoy Yul , Park Hong Chae , Yoon Seog Young
Published: March 2009

Monodispersed Cu powders were prepared in aqueous solution through a wet-reduction process with hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O). In particular, the effect of the dispersant such as sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na4O7P2·10H2O), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) in water solvent on the particle size for the prepared Cu powders was investigated. The Cu powders essentially were monodispersed and irregular in shape regardless of reaction temperature and dispersant. In the case of adding the Na4O7P2·10H2O, the particle size of Cu powders increased with the increase of reaction temperature, which the particles were agglomerated in irregular shape and became to be large. The particle size distributions was asymmetry and to be broad regardless of reaction temperature. On the other hand, when the CMC was added, the particle size of Cu powders, which were much finer compared with adding the Na4O7P2·10H2O as a dispersant, was not much changed with reaction temperature. The particle size distribution of Cu powder was much narrow regardless of reaction temperature. As a result, it would be suggested that the CMC was more effective dispersant reagent to produce the monodispersed and fine Cu powders with narrow size distribution using the wet chemical reduction process
Synthesis of Sulfide Nanowire Arrays through Template-Assisted Electrodeposition
Authors: Sun Li , Zong Rui Long , Shi Shi Kao , Zhou Ji
Published: March 2009

Sulfide nanowire arrays have been synthesized by DC electrodeposition from an electrolyte containing S in DMSO. The AAO membrane with the barrier layer has been directly used as template in electrodeposition. The as-synthesized products are characterized by SEM, TEM and resonance Raman spectroscopy. CdS and ZnS nanowires have been obtained, respectively.
Preparation of a Novel Carbon Nano-Material Studded Iron Granules from Needle Coke by Arc Method
Authors: Zhao Xue Fei , Sun Ye Xin , Sun Tian Jun , Qiu Jie Shan
Published: March 2009

A novel nano-material of carbon rod studded iron granules on its surface was prepared from needle coke with iron as catalyst by arc method in the vacuum condition. Its structure and composition was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the SEM images the carbon material showed cotton-like. The TEM results showed that the nano-material was bar-like with diameter of 20nm to 50nm and there were lots of iron particles studded on its surface. The analytical result of EDS showed that the chemical composition of materials mainly consisted of carbon and iron elements. The XRD analysis revealed that there were two sharp diffraction peaks, one was at 26.2° which corresponded to the (002) plane of graphite structure and the other was at 43.2° which corresponded to the (fcc) γ-Fe structure. The nano-material might be used as catalyst in the chemical reaction.
Fabrication and Characterization of the Multilayer Film Containing Polyoxometalate with Pendant Support-Ligand
Authors: Ma Hui Yuan , Peng Jun , Wang Fu Ping , Dong Bao Xia
Published: March 2009

A novel nanosized multilayer film containing polyoxometalate anion with a pendant supportligand α-[SiW11O39Co(H3P2O7)]7- (abbr. SiW11Co-P2O7) and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) was fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly. The multilayer film was characterized by XPS, UV-vis, AFM and ESR. The mean interface roughness was about 2.0 nm, calculated from an area of 0.5 × 0.5 μm2. The electrochemical property was studied by the cyclic voltammetry, the results indicating that the self-assembly film exhibited favorable electrochemical behavior of polyoxometalate.
Na1-xKxNbO3 (x=0.2~0.8) Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhang Bo Ping , Li Jing Feng , Liu Hong Jin
Published: March 2009

Highly dense Na1-xKxNbO3 (x=0.2~0.8) ceramics were successfully prepared using spark plasma sintering (SPS) at temperature as low as 920°C. Solid solutions were formed during the composition range investigated. The piezoelectric constant and planar mode electromechanical coupling coefficient are significantly dependent on the Na/K ratio, with the maximum value of 148 pC/N and 38.9% at the composition Na0.5K0.5NbO3.
Spectroscopic Study of Rod-Like Mesoporous ZnO-SiO2 Composites
Authors: Zhao Chun Xia , Chen Wen , Liu Qi , Mai Li Qiang
Published: March 2009

Novel mesoporous ZnO-SiO2 (MZS) composites with rod-like morphology were synthesized
from coprecipitation method, which was the first time to apply this method in the successful synthesis of
ordered mesoporous composites to our knowledge. This direct-synthesis method was more simple,
convenient and efficient, compared with the post-synthesis ones. Structural characterization and
spectroscopic study were discussed.
Preparation of MgAl2O4 Transparent Nano-Ceramics and their Light Transmission Properties
Authors: Qi Jian Qi , Lu Tie Cheng , Chang Xiang Hui , Lei Mu Yun , Huang Cun Xin
Published: March 2009

MgAl2O4 transparent nano-ceramic samples have been successfully prepared by ultrahighpressure- sintering method. The ultrafine MgAl2O4 nano-powder was obtained by high-temperaturecalcination method. The samples were sintered at relatively low temperatures (540, 620 and 700°C) under ultrahigh pressures (3, 3.7 and 5GPa) with a six-pressure-source and hexahedral anvil machine that is customarily used for diamond synthesis. The average grain sizes of the prepared samples range from 50 to 75nm. All of the samples sintered under different conditions are transparent. The sample sintered at 620°C under 3.7GPa has the highest density as well as the highest light transmittance (about 50%) at 1300 ~ 1700 nm. The results showed that the ultrahigh-pressure-sintered samples exhibit unique light transmission properties though their densities are not much higher (<97%), compared to the samples, of which densities are higher (>99.5%), obtained by conventional hot-pressing or hot isotopic pressing sintering methods. The light transmittance, its affecting factors and transparent mechanism of the MgAl2O4 samples have been discussed.
Low-Temperature Synthesis and Micro-Morphology Observation of Transparent MgAl2O4 Nano-Ceramics
Authors: Chang Xiang Hui , Lu Tie Cheng , Qi Jian Qi , Luo Xiang Jie
Published: March 2009

Transparent MgAl2O4 nano-ceramics were prepared by ultrahigh-pressure-sintering method,
using improved nano-sized powder synthesized by high-temperature calcination. The synthesis temperatures
were exactly measured by nichrome-NiSi thermocouple passing through the samples. The micromorphology
of the ceramics was observed by means of dynamic force microscopy (DFM), and the
relation between transparency and micro-morphology was investigated. The results show that, the
sintering temperatures, now calibrated, of transparent nano-ceramics are just 540~700°C, which are much
lower than those of conventional nano-ceramics and transparent ceramics, and the uniformity of grain
sizes and orderliness of the grain array are beneficial to the transparency and integrity of the ceramics.
Phase Evolutions of High Energy Ball Milled Ni-66.7at% Si
Authors: Ji Gen Shun , Ma Qin , Guo Tie Ming , Zhou Qi , Jia Jian Gang , Chen Xue Ding
Published: March 2009

The high-energy ball milling of Ni-66.7 at% Si elemental powder mixtures was carried out
using a FRITSCH Puluerisette-5 mill. XRD was used to identify the phase evolutions during high-energy
ball milling. The XRD patterns showed that the intensities of nickel peaks and silicon peaks gradually
decreased with milling time increased from 1 h to 10 h, simultaneously, the peaks of NiSi2 and NiSi
appeared. With milling time further increased to 45 h, single phase of NiSi2 formed. New peaks were
observed after 75 h milling, which were indexed as FeSi. This reveals that long time high-energy ball
milling will induce Fe contamination and that Fe exhibits greater activity and reacts with NiSi2 forming
FeSi and NiSi. Moreover, the peaks intensity of FeSi and NiSi increased with milling time increased from
75 h to 180 h. The phase evolutions of Ni-66.7at% Si during high energy ball milling were discussed.
Reaction Process of Al2(1-x)MgxTi1+xO5 Composite Powder by Chemical Co-Precipitation and Subsequent Sintering
Authors: Shen Shang Yue , Yang Rui , Shen Qiang , Wang Chuan Bin , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: March 2009

Al2(1-x)MgxTi1+xO5(x=0.05-0.3) composite powder was prepared by the method of chemical coprecipitation
and subsequent sintering using TiCl4, MgCl2 and AlCl3 solution as the raw materials, and
ammonia and ammonium carbonate as the solvent. Thermal dynamics and kinetic dynamics analysis of
the precursor during the heat treatment were explored in detail, and the reaction process of
Al2(1-x)MgxTi1+xO5 (x=0.3) composite powder was confirmed. Results show that, as the temperature
increases MgO reacts with TiO2 of anatase phase to form MgTi2O5. At about 650°C, anatase transfers into
rutile. Then MgTi2O5 reacts with Al2O3 to produce MgAl2O4 at 900°C. When the temperature is above
1100°C, the desired Al2(1-x)MgxTi1+xO5(x=0.3) composite powder is synthesized by the reaction of
MgAl2O4, Al2O3 and TiO2 of rutile phase.
Dry Friction Behaviour of Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide at High Temperature
Authors: Lu Zhen Lin , Zhou Yong Xin , Zhang Min , Huang Qing Wei
Published: March 2009

The dry friction behaviors of reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) with different particle
sizes were studied at high temperature using pin-on-dick friction testing method. The results showed that
the friction coefficient of RB-SiC was the highest at 300°C, and lower at room temperature and 600°C,
but the wear rate of RB-SiC would be increased with the increase of temperature. The XRD analysis of
grits showed that there was only the amorphous silica in grits at room temperature, whereas the
amorphous and crystal silica combined in grits tested at 600 °C. The wear mechanisms of RB-SiC at room
temperature and elevated temperature were analyzed by of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
observation on worn surface morphology of RB-SiC.
First-Principles Calculations on Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Yue , Gao Xue , Shang Jia Xiang , Han Xiao Ping
Published: March 2009

First-principles calculations have been widely used to describe the ground state properties of
materials over almost 20 years. Recently, a great progress was made in the first-principle calculations.
Thermodynamic properties can also be gotten by calculations of the phonon densities of states (phonon
DOS) and phonon dispersions of materials, which show widely potential applications in material
researches. In the present work, the energetics and bonding properties of interfaces between ZrO2 and Ni
metal were given by first-principles calculations. The results show that alloy element impurities (Al, Cr
and Y) influence remarkably the adhesion of the ceramic and metal. On the other hand, the phonon
densities of states and phonon dispersions of ZrO2 were calculated with density functional perturbation
theory. From the phonon DOS, the thermodynamic properties were derived and the phase transformation
of ZrO2 was discussed. By this method, the thermodynamic properties of material can be gotten from
atom and electron levels without any experiment data. It is a new approach to design and study the
thermodynamic properties in new material system.
Area-Perimeter Relation of the Grains in Stabilized Cubic Zirconia
Authors: Wan Yun , Gong Jiang Hong , Li Ying
Published: March 2009

Based on the observation that the ratio of the perimeter, P, to the square root of the area,
A0.5, of the grains for a given material is nearly constant, it is suggested that the grain shape may be
treated as a regular polygon with a non-integral side number. Examining the variation of P/A0.5-ratio
with sintering holding time may provide useful information for sintering dynamics. Further analysis
suggests that the P/A0.5-ratio may be a potential parameter for studying the grain-boundary effect in
polycrystalline materials.
Effective Stiffness of Nano and Transformation Composite Ceramics
Authors: Lu Xiao Bo , Liu Xie Quan , Ni Xin Hua , Zhang Shu Qin
Published: March 2009

The composite ceramics that contains nano-fibers and transformation particles, fabricated
through SHS process, is performed with high fracture toughness and high plasticity. The matrix of
composite ceramics was mainly composed of fiber eutectics with nano-fibers. The transformation
particles were distributed along boundaries of the fiber eutectic structures. First, Mori-Tanaka method
was used to predict the stiffness of the fiber eutectic. The fiber eutectic is transverse isotropy and has five
independent elastic constants. Then considering random orientation of the fiber eutectic, the Young’s
modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the matrix is determined by even strain. The matrix is isotropy. Finely,
assuming the transformation particles as spheres distributed in the matrix, the effective stiffness for
composite ceramics was computed. When the volume fraction of fibers and particles increase, the
Young’s modulus of composite ceramics decrease and are little smaller than the volume average value,
the Poisson’s ratio of composite ceramics decrease and are little bigger than the volume average value.
Fabrication of Ba6-3x(Sm0.2Nd0.8)8+2xTi18O54(x=2/3) Ceramics by Solid State Reaction
Authors: Zheng Yong , Lei Wen , Bu Hai Jian , Zhao Xing Zhong
Published: March 2009

Effects of calcining and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and the microwave
dielectric properties of Ba6-3x(Sm0.2Nd0.8)8+2xTi18O54(x=2/3) ceramics were studied. When the calcining
temperature was lower (1373K), the dielectric constant ε and the Qf factor initially increased with
increasing sintering temperature, but decreased when sintering temperature was higher than 1603K. As a
whole, the temperature coefficients of the resonant frequency τf tended to increase with increasing
sintering temperature. The microstructure of the sintered ceramic consisted mainly of columnar and
block-shape grains. The grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature. When the calcining
temperature was higher (1473K), εr and τf were nearly independent of sintering temperature. The
excellent microwave dielectric properties were achieved in the Ba6-3x(Sm0.2Nd0.8)8+2xTi18O54 (x=2/3)
ceramic calcined at 1373K and sintered at 1603K for 3 h: ε = 80.8, Qf = 8114 (GHz) and τf = 5.6.
Resistance of the Transitional Region of Laser-Clad Coating on Electrolytic Low Titanium Aluminium Alloys to Multiple Impact Loading
Authors: Wang Wen Yan , Xie Jing Pei , Wang A.H. , Li Wei , Liu Zhong Xia
Published: March 2009

A multiple impact loading experiment was designed to investigate the cracking behavior in the transitional regions of laser-clad iron base alloy on an electrolytic low titanium aluminium alloys under multiple impact loading in this study. The concept of TCR (transitional crack ratio) was introduced to evaluate the crack resistance of the transitional regions to multiple impact loading (impact resistance). Results showed that the substrate temperature during laser cladding process and the scanning velocity have significant influences on the microstructure of the transitional regions and then the impact resistances of the laser-clad iron alloy coating. The laser-clad iron base alloy coatings obtained at the substrate temperature within 275 ~ 320°C displayed the best impact resistance. Furthermore, the crack mechanism in the transitional regions was analyzed.
Structure and Dielectric Properties of Citrate Sol-Gel Derived Microwave Ceramics in CaO-ZnO-TiO2 System
Authors: Zhao Fei , Yue Zhen Xing , Pei Jing , Gui Zhi Lun , Li Long Tu
Published: March 2009

Microwave dielectric ceramics of CaO-2ZnO-xTiO2 (x=6~9) were prepared by citrate sol-gel
method. The phase formation and structural properties of the ceramics were investigated as a function of
titania content (x). Monophase of Ca2Zn4Ti16O38 polytitanates were formed at x = 8. With the increase of
x, residual rutile phase were observed, whereas with the decrease of x, the CaTiO3 and Zn2TiO4 phases
were detected. The microwave dielectric properties of the sintered ceramics were investigated using
resonance method. The variation of dielectric properties of the ceramics as a function of titania content (x)
was investigated. For the monophase of Ca2Zn4Ti16O38 polytitanate at x = 8, the dielectric properties
showed minimum dielectric constant of 48.1, minimum temperature coefficient of resonant frequencies
+44.1 ppm/oC, and maximum Q×f value of 31000 (at 6.921GHz). Deviating from x = 8, the dielectric
constant and temperature coefficient of resonant frequencies slightly increased, and the Q×f value
decreased. The variation was concerned with the presence of secondary phase.
Electric Fatigue of PZT Piezoelectric Ceramics under Bias and Unipolar Pulse Cycling Field
Authors: Wang Wei Qiang , Yue Zhen Xing , Zhao Jian Qiang , Li Long Tu
Published: March 2009

Electric fatigue of piezoelectric ceramics is very important for piezoelectric actuator applications in strong field. In order to classify the fatigue of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, the electric fatigue behavior of piezoelectric ceramics of PZT-PMN-PNN was investigated under bias and unipolar pulse cycling field. The bias and unipolar polarization hysteresis loops are measured before and after cycling. The polarization measurements after cycling show a much smaller decrease than bipolar fatigue, but the piezoelectric coefficient d33 still suffers relatively higher deterioration, which indicates different characteristics for piezoelectric and ferroelectric fatigues. A possible mechanism of the partial pining of switching domains responsible for the difference is discussed in this paper.
The Interfacial Characteristics of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Liao Jia Xuan , Yang C.R. , Zhang J.H. , Chen H. , Fu C.L. , Leng W.J.
Published: March 2009

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and crystallized by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) exhibit much thinner BST/Pt interfacial transition layer and higher dielectric properties than the films crystallized by conventional thermal annealing (CTA). HRTEM observations show that the transition layer is 2-3nm thick for RTA and 4-5nm thick for CTA. XPS investigations display that the transition layer is composed of perovskited BST phase and non-perovskited BST phase, and RTA corresponds to much less non-perovskited BST phase than CTA. The reason for non-perovskited BST phase and the dielectric properties of BST films are also presented.
Dielectric Properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Heterolayered Thick Films Fabricated by Screen-Printing Method
Authors: Lee Sung Gap , Shim Young Jae , Kim Cheol Jin , Bae Won Tae , Hwang Kyu Hong , Lee Young Hie , Chung Jun Ki
Published: March 2009

Ferroelectric PZT heterolayered thick films were fabricated by the alkoxide-based sol-gel method. PZT(20/80) and PZT(80/20) paste were made and alternately screen-printed on the alumina substrates. The coating and drying procedure was repeated 4 times to form the heterolayered thick films. The thickness of the PZT heterolayered thick films was approximately 60 μm. All PZT thick films showed the typical XRD patterns of a perovskite polycrystalline structure. The relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the PZT thick films sintered at 1050oC were 283 and 1.90%, respectively.
NiO-SDC Powder for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Applications by Buffer Solution Method
Authors: Cheng Ji Gui , Deng Li Ping , Xiong Er Tao , Shi Ping
Published: March 2009

NiO-Samaria-Doped-Ceria (NiO-SDC) composite powders with nanometer particle size were
synthesized by an improved co-precipitation method, called the buffer solution method. NiO/SDC
ceramics were then prepared from the NiO-SDC composite powders and were converted into Ni/SDC
cermets, which were tested as the anode materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with SDC electrolytes.
Microstructure observation showed that the NiO/SDC ceramics and Ni/SDC cermets fabricated from the
NiO-SDC composite powders have more uniform and finer grain and pore size than those prepared from
the mechanically mixed NiO-SDC powders, and the resulting Ni/SDC cermets also showed higher
electrical conductivity than those of Ni/SDC cermets from the mechanically mixed NiO-SDC powders.
Furthermore, SOFC based on the buffer solution Ni/SDC anodes exhibited higher open circuit voltage
(OCV) and maximum power density.
Preparation of SDC Interlayer and Influence on Performances of Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Bao Wei Tao , Gao Jian Feng , Meng Guang Yao
Published: March 2009

A single cell with a two-layer electrolyte consisting of an yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ,
Y2O3 8 mol%) layer and an Sm-doped ceria (SDC, Sm2O3 20mol%) interlayer has been fabricated on
porous YSZ-NiO anode support. The layer of YSZ electrolyte was prepared by modified electrostatic
powder coating method and the SDC interlayer by screen-printed method on the green YSZ layer.
After co-firing at 1400°C for 5 h, the two-layer film with a dense YSZ film of about 15μm and porous
SDC film of about 25μm was fabricated. The performances of as-fabricated single cell using
La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 as cathode were tested using H2-3% H2O as fuel and air as oxidant at 800°C. Results
indicated that the peak power density of a single cell with SDC interlayer reaches 469 mW/cm2 at
800°C, obviously higher than that of without SDC interlayer, which is about 300 mW/cm2 at 800°C.
Fine Lithium Iron(II) Phospho-Olivine Prepared by Different Methods
Authors: Sun Hong Gang , Liu Heng , Liu Wei , Luan Ya Lan
Published: March 2009

The electroactive materials LiFePO4, Li0.98Mg0.01FePO4 and carbon-coated LiFePO4 were synthesized
by an improved solid-state reaction and by a sol-gel process and characterized by XRD, SEM,
and their electrochemical performance. The reaction conditions favor stabilization of the iron as Fe2+ as
well as offering some control of the product morphology and particle size. Electrochemical evaluation of
the products reveals a lithium insertion plateau around 3.4V vs Li. Excellent electro- chemical properties
in terms of capacity, reversibility and cycling stability have been achieved for doped LiFePO4 synthesized
by an improved solid-state reaction. The two methods all produced pure, fine and homogeneous particles.
Growth and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Ultraviolet Detection
Authors: Li Xiao Min , Zhao Jian Ling , Bian Ji Ming , Yu Wei Dong
Published: March 2009

ZnO thin films were grown on single-crystal Si(100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The crystal structure and electrical properties were investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure. Results indicate that highly c-axis oriented ZnO films can be obtained at all oxygen pressure range. With the increase of oxygen pressure, the crystallinity is further enhanced and the film presents smooth, uniform and dense packed columnar microstructure. Hall measurement indicates the resistivity of ZnO films increases with oxygen pressure. ZnO film grown at optimum conditions is employed to fabricate the MSM structured UV detectors with Ti/Pt/Au interdigital electrode configuration by standard photolithography and lift-off technique. The I-V characteristic and photo response measurement indicate a good ohmic contact between the ZnO film and electrode, and significant photoresponsivity under ultraviolet illumination.
Luminescence Reducing Mechanism of Cd Doped Y2O2S:Ti,Cd Long Afterglow Phosphor
Authors: Zhang Peng Yue , Hong Zhang Lian , Fan Xian Ping , Wang Min Quan
Published: March 2009

Y1.97-xTi0.03CdxO2S (0≤x≤0.06) phosphors with long afterglow were synthesized by solid-state
reaction. The photoluminescence spectra, decay curves, thermoluminescnece spectra and Chromaticity
coordinate curves were investigated. Results showed that the luminescence and afterglow intensity of
Y1.97-xTi0.03CdxO2S (0≤x≤0.06) reduced gradually with increasing Cd2+ ion content while the shape and
position of emission peak remain unchanged. The Chromaticity coordinate of present phosphor keeps at
(0.5497,0.4415). Furthermore, based on the results of thermoluminescence curves of Ti, Cd single doped
and co-doped Y2O2S phosphors, the doped Cd ion reduces the inherent trap depth of Ti single doped
Y2O2S:Ti, and induces simultaneously a new trap level in Y2O2S:Ti,Cd phosphor. Thus, it was proposed
that the introduced new structure defect by Cd2+ ions should be responsible for the reducing luminescence
and afterglow property.
Synthesis of Green-Emitting Phosphor Y3Al5O12: Tb, Ce, Gd by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Dong Li Min , Han Zhi Dong , Wu Ze , Zhang Xian You
Published: March 2009

Green-emitting Y3Al5O12: Tb phosphor materials have been widely studied because of their high luminescence efficiency and stability under the conditions of high irradiance with an electron beam. In this paper, Green-emitting phosphor of yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12 or YAG) doped with Tb3+, Ce3+ and Gd3+ was synthesized by sol-gel method. By means of TG/DSC, XRD, and photoluminescence (PL) performance, the sintering condition and its influence on the powder’s emitting performance were studied. The experimental results showed that, Y2.8Tb0.12 Ce0.08-x GdxAl5O12 synthesized by sol-gel method was a kind of phosphor of good performance. When the value of x was set at 0.04, the best emitting performance was obtained. The Y3Al5O12: Tb, Ce, Gd particles had fine size, spherical shape, filled morphology, high crystallinity, and good brightness.
Synthesis of MgB2 from Anhydrous B2O3 by Ball Milling Method and Determination of Superconductivity Properties
Authors: Gürü Metin , Akyüz Yüksel , Tekeli Süleyman
Published: March 2009

The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride (MgB2) has attracted much
attention from theoretical and experimental points of view because it has the highest superconducting
transition temperature in the conventional intermetallic superconductors reported so far. After the
discovery of superconductivity in MgB2, many attempts have been made to synthesize this material with
an aim of improving superconducting properties. In this study, MgB2 was synthesized from anhydrous
B2O3. To provide homogeneous mixing of magnesium and boron oxide powders and to make easy
sintering, powders were mechanically milled in an attritor under argon gas atmosphere. The mixture was
treated with ethylenediamine solution to separete MgB2 from the product. The suspension solution was
filtrated under vacuum and the solid particulates of MgO were removed. The filtrate was evaporated in a
vacuum oven at 80 °C and sintered at 900 °C for 2 h under flowing argon gas atmosphere. XRD results
showed that the final product was MgB2 with a small amount of MgO. Mechanical milling decreased the
synthesis time and temperature of MgB2. The critical temperature of the specimens was determined as
37.4 K by an A.C susceptometer.
Fabrication of High Performance Multilayer ZnO Varistors with Chemically Synthesized Doped Zinc Oxide Powder
Authors: Wang Lan Yi , Lu Cheng Xiang , Tang Guo Yi
Published: March 2009

Two types of multilayer ZnO varistors are prepared by the chemically synthesized (CS) powder and the mixed oxide (MO) powder. The ceramic microstructure analysis shows that the multilayer variestor (MLV) ceramic prepared by the CS powder has the fine grain, the homogeneous distribution of grain size and the uniform dopant distribution. The CS powder prepared multilayer ZnO varistors display better electrical properties, including higher nonlinear coefficient, higher breakdown voltage, higher peak current, lower leakage current and lower clamping voltage, than those made by the mixed oxide powder. All these superior electrical properties are attributed to the CS powder, which makes more uniform dopant distribution throughout the multilayer ZnO varistors. The homogeneous distribution for the various dopants in the varistor ceramic has been achieved by the chemically synthesized doped ZnO powder. Therefore, the chemically synthesized powder can be used in the manufacture of high performance multilayer ZnO varistors.
A Novel Ceramic Pressure Sensor
Authors: Wan Yun , Wan Pin
Published: March 2009

Constantan thin film was deposited on Al2O3 substrate by vacuum evaporation technology and
semiconductor ordinary photolithography to form the sensitive bar of strain-resistance pressure sensor.
The static characteristics of the resultant ceramic sensor were measured and the results showed that the
linearity, repetition properties, return error and the creep of the ceramics pressure sensor are more
excellent than the conventional sensor.
Preparation of AgxPbmSbTe2+m-Based Thermoelectric Materials by MA-SPS Method and Evaluation of their Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Wang Heng , Li Jing Feng , Liu Wei Shu
Published: March 2009

AgxPbmSbTe2+m thermoelectric materials were fabricated using a combined process of
mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The compound powder was synthesized by
mechanical alloying (MA) from elemental powders using a planetary mill after a short time, and
high-density bulk samples were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at low temperature within a
short time (12 minutes). The P-type materials were obtained with electrical properties comparable to the
newly reported data. The properties of P-type AgxPbmSbTe2+m-based materials could be improved by
optimizing the composition and the process.
Template Synthesis of Bismuth Porous Films and Networked X-Shape Nanowires
Authors: Deng Yuan , Cui Chang Wei , Guo Lin
Published: March 2009

Bi porous films were prepared via a simple process which involves solvothermal or thermal
treatment of Bi(NO3)3 and alumina membranes. The reducing reagent is helpful for the growth of Bi in the
channels of alumina templates. However, Bi networked X-shape nanowires would form when the
reaction was carried out under vacuum system. This method has been successfully applied to the synthesis
of other porous metal film. The pressure, reducing reagent and starting materials play a key role in the
growth of Bi films. A possible formation mechanism of Bi films and nanowires is proposed.
Structural Evolution of Nb/NbC Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Dahan I. , Dariel M.P.
Published: March 2009

The present communication is concerned with the interdiffusion kinetics and the interface breakdown that take place in the Nb/NbC multilayer system as the result of thermal annealing in the 400-800oC temperature range. Within this temperature range carbon is the diffusing species. Carbon diffuses from the carbide layer into the adjacent Nb layer, depleting its concentration within the carbide, causing the nucleation and subsequent growth of an intermediate Nb2C layer and decreasing the width of the original Nb layer. TEM examination of the cross-sections of the multilayer specimens provides data regarding the evolution of the microstructure and, in particular, regarding the initial nucleation stage of the newly formed Nb2C layer.
Study of Ti3Si1.2-xAlxC2 (x = 0~1.2) Solid Solution via X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Li Cui Wei , Zhai Hong Xiang , Ding Yan , Zhou Yang , Li Shi Bo , Zhang Zhi Li
Published: March 2009

A search for Ti3Si1.2-xAlxC2 (x=0~1.2) solid solution was undertaken using precise X-ray diffraction measurements. The samples covering the whole concentration range were studied. Except very ends of the concentration range, the samples contained two phases, identified as Ti3Si1.2-xAlxC2 solid solution and TiC respectively. Lattice parameter, a increased, c increased, c/a increased, and cell volume increased with the increasing of Al concentration.
Rheological Behavior of Alumina Aqueous Suspension for Extrusion Gelation Freeform Fabrication
Authors: Yu Zhi Yong , Qi Xi Wei , Huang Yong , Wang Chang An , Ouyang Shi Xi
Published: March 2009

Extrusion gelation freeform fabrication (EGFF) is a new solid freeform fabrication technique to
fabricate ceramic parts. The study of ceramic suspensions rheological behavior is essential to a better
understanding of parts fabrication through EGFF process. In this paper, the effects of dispersant
concentrations, solids loading and binder composition on the rheological behavior of alumina
suspensions were examined. The optimal amount of dispersant was found to be about 0.1 wt.%. The
suspensions with 50 vol.% alumina and 1wt.% sodium alginate show shear thickening behavior. Such
behavior is unfavorable for extrusion gelation freeform fabrication. By addition of PVA or styrene-acrylic
latex, the rheological behavior of suspensions was changed. The addition of PVA or latex has a great
effect on the viscosity of the suspensions and the type of their rheological behavior. The ceramic
suspensions with PVA or latex were found to be shear thinning more suitable for EGFF.
Simulation of Ceramic Injection Molding for Zirconia Optical Ferrule
Authors: Zhang Mei Min , Lin Bin
Published: March 2009

Zirconia Ferrule is a key part for manufacturing fiber connectors. The ceramic injection
molding (CIM) process of the optical ferrule was simulated with the commercial CAE software moldflow.
In order to obtain the optimum results, the orthogonal method was introduced to discuss the influence of
each parameter such as die temperature, melt temperature, ram speed and gate dimension with the two
kinds of distribution layout system respectively. The simulation results show that the curved distribution
runner system is more suitable than the rectangular distribution one in the optical ferrule molding.
Moreover, the effect of gravity on the ceramic injection molding process was discussed for determining a
more reasonable balanced runner system of the special designed two-plate mold with six die cavities. It
was found that short shot occurred at the top of the die cavity while other five cavities were filled well in
the original designed mold. And when the top die cavity’s round runner with section diameter of 4.0mm
was increased to 4.17 mm, each cavity was balanced filled without short shot.
Mechanism of a Magnetic Field Assisted Finishing Process Using a Magnet Tool and Magnetic Particles
Authors: Zou Yan Hua , Shinmura Takeo
Published: March 2009

This paper describes a new efficient internal finishing process for a thick tubing (10~30mm in thickness), by the application of a magnetic field-assisted machining process using a magnet tool. Because a stronger magnetic force can be generated than conventional magnetic abrasives, it makes the internal finishing of thick non-ferromagnetic tubing possible. Moreover, in order to obtain a high-quality surface, this process method was developed using magnetic particles magnetically attracted on the magnet surface. This paper characterizes the processing principle and advantages of this process. Then, the mechanism of this finishing process was examined by a plane model experiment. It was clarified that the magnetism and shape of a magnetic particle influence realization possibility of this processing method, and it also influence the finishing characteristics.
Research on the High Precision Laser Line Scanning Measuring System
Authors: Ding Jian Jun , Jiang Zhuang De , Li Bing , Guo Jun Jie
Published: March 2009

Rapid reverse technology is one of the key technologies with which the enterprises
develop new product and occupy the market rapidly. How to realize the reverse measurement and
CAD geometry reconstruction rapidly and accurately is always the most important focus for the
researchers. Based on the laser scanning technology, the realization principle of the laser line
scanning measuring system is presented and the approaches to improve the precision are also
analysed in the paper. The self-adaptation adjustment of the probe position can move the light knife
image to the optimal imaging area of the CCD according to the calibration result, which will ensure
the measurement precision of the CCD image. With the inner velocity loop and outer position loop
feedback control, the simple axis position precision of the mechanical system can be controlled
within 5um. In order to pick up the points of the light knife centre rationally and exactly, the
reconstruction-disperse iteration algorithm is put forward. After processed by different iteration
times, the optimal points can be obtained. The reconstruction method of curve and surface based on
NURBS is also given. The paper presents the application and realization of the system at last, which
realizes the curve and surface measurement with high precision.
Research on Low Speed Servo Control Technology of Ultra-Precision Machine Tool
Authors: Sun X.W. , Zhang Fei Hu , Dong Shen , Zhang L.J.
Published: March 2009

An ultra-precision machine is developed by Precision Engineering Research Institute of
Harbin Institute of Technology to machine components made of KDP crystal with single point
diamond fly cutting technique . A stable ultra-low speed feed of worktable is necessary in the
machining process inasmuch as the KDP crystal components to be machined must be high form
accuracy, low surface roughness and low surface waveness . This paper analyses the effect on speed
stability and positioning accuracy under the control of semi-closed loop and full-closed loop based
on the experimental data, and also present a compensating control algorithm of error disturbance
feed-forward which enhances the stability of ultra-low speed motion of the semi-closed loop feed
control servo system of the machine. The simulation results indicate that the values of the steadystate
tracking error decreased to 1/10 after using compensating control algorithm. The P-V value of
the aluminum specimen machined by the ultra-precision machine tool was 0.27 wavelengths.
Applications of Polishing Technology Using Polymer Particles to Silicon Wafers and Quartz Crystal Wafers
Authors: Lu Y.S. , Tani Yasuhiro , Soutome K. , Kamimura Yasushi
Published: March 2009

This paper deals with a novel polishing technology using polymer particles. It has been proposed and developed by the authors for the purpose of solving the problems associated with polishing pads such as pad deterioration, process inconsistency and poor accuracy. Single side polishing of silicon wafers and double side polishing of quartz crystal square wafers were performed to clarify the basic characteristics of the technology. The results showed that appropriate combination of tool plate with polymer particles could greatly improve polishing characteristics. In particular, the edge profiles can be controlled to have desirable shape as well as amplitudes.
Effects of Imperfections on Bifurcation of Multi-Layer Microstructures of MEMS under Thermal Loading
Authors: Yu Y.T. , Yuan Wei Zheng , Qiao D.Y.
Published: March 2009

Bifurcation of multi-layer microstructures subjected to thermal loading can be harmful for reliability and stability of MEMS structures. In this paper, three imperfections of geometry, coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal loading were introduced to investigate their effects on structural bifurcation by finite element simulation. Results show that bifurcation is strongly influenced by the imperfections. With larger deviation of imperfections, it results in a decreasing temperature to trigger the bifurcation and a gradual beginning of it.
A Novel Micro-Dissection Method Using Ultrasonic Vibration for Molecular Analysis
Authors: Chen L.G. , Sun L.N. , Liu Y.X. , Wang H.X.
Published: March 2009

Molecular techniques are transforming our understanding of cellular function and disease. However, accurate molecular analysis methods will be limited if the input DNA, RNA, or protein is not derived from pure population of cells or is contaminated by the wrong cells. A novel Ultrasonic Vibration Microdissection (UVM) method was proposed to procure pure population of targeted cells from tissue sections for subsequent analysis. The principle of the Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting is analyzed, and a novel microknife is designed. A multilayer piezoelectric actuator is used to actuate a sharp needle vibrating with high frequency and low amplitude (Approx. 16–50 kHz, and 0-3μm) to cut the tissue. Contrast experiment was done to test the feasibility of UVM method. Experimental results show that the embedded tissue can be quickly and precisely cut with the ultrasonic vibration micro-dissection method.