bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feito faíscas: esboço da imagem mais viva do progresso
Authors: Sabadin Ana Carina
Published: August 2021

Neste ensaio, busco refletir sobre as inerências do progresso econômico e tecnológico do capitalismo na sociedade contemporânea, considerando, sobretudo, o lado avesso desse progresso, seus rastros, suas faíscas. Com inspiração em escritos de Walter Benjamin, faço esta leitura a partir — e através — da imagem alegórica do fogo, despertada a mim em duas passagens pelos canaviais incendiados no interior paulista. Desde essas passagens, outros fragmentos são trazidos neste ensaio a fim de desvendar algumas camadas de sentido possíveis do fogo — possíveis, destarte, desse progresso. Categorias, tais como história, memória e memoricídio entrelaçam as palavras aqui presentes visando ilustrar como esses fragmentos mostram-se arraigados nos escombros que, dialeticamente, acionam a lembrança e o esquecimento. Da mesma forma, mostram-se arraigados às inerências do progresso que, segundo Benjamin, levaria a humanidade rumo à catástrofe.
Processo legislativo e antropologia: dá jogo?
Authors: Sprandel Marcia Anita
Published: August 2021

Falar sobre o Congresso Nacional como campo de atuação profissional de antropólogas/os, exige discorrer brevemente sobre as representações sobre a antropologia nos discursos parlamentares e o crescente espaço técnico e político ocupado pela antropologia no processo legislativo , mesmo num contexto político adverso para as populações por ela tradicionalmente estudadas. Nesse processo, importante também identificar as etnografias que tem o Parlamento como objeto e o que estão debatendo
Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation Via ApoER2 in Trophoblasts Drives Preeclampsia in a Mouse Model of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Chu Haiyan , Sacharidou Anastasia , Nguyen An , Li Chun , Chambliss Ken L. , Salmon Jane E. , Shen Yu-Min , Lo Julie , Leone Gustavo W. , Herz Joachim , Hui David Y. , Marciano Denise K. , Abrahams Vikki M. , Natale Bryony V. , Montalbano Alina P. , Xiao Xue , Xu Lin , Natale David R. , Shaul Philip W. , Mineo Chieko
Published: August 2021

Rationale:

Preeclampsia is a potentially life-threatening, placenta-based hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) frequently leads to preeclampsia. APS pregnancies are also complicated by fetal demise and intrauterine growth restriction.

Objective:

Here, we determined how the circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) characteristic of APS alter placental trophoblast function to cause preeclampsia and also endanger the fetus.

Methods and Results:

Experiments were performed in mice, in cultured human trophoblasts, and in human placenta samples. Effects of aPL and IgG from healthy subjects were compared. Based on prior findings in culture, in vivo studies were done in mice deficient in ApoER2 (apolipoprotein E receptor 2) in trophoblasts. End points in tissues and cells were determined by enzymatic assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, or immunoblotting. Whereas in wild-type mice aPL caused maternal hypertension and proteinuria, fetal demise and intrauterine growth restriction, mice lacking trophoblast ApoER2 were protected. In culture, aPL attenuated trophoblast proliferation and migration via an ApoER2-related protein complex comprised of the PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), Dab2 (disabled-2), and JIP4 (Jun-N-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4). Via trophoblast ApoER2 in mice and in culture, aPL-stimulated PP2A activity, leading to MMP14 (matrix metallopeptidase 14) and HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1) upregulation and increased soluble endoglin production. HIF1α and soluble endoglin upregulation was related to PP2A desphosphorylation of PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2). In mice PP2A inhibition prevented aPL-induced maternal hypertension and proteinuria, and fetal demise and intrauterine growth restriction. Placentas from patients with APS displayed PP2A hyperactivation, PHD2 dephosphorylation and HIF1α upregulation, and these findings were generalizable to placentas of women with preeclampsia from causes other from APS.

Conclusions:

In APS, pregnancies trophoblasts are the critical cell target of aPL, and via ApoER2-dependent PP2A activation, aPL cause preeclampsia through MMP14 upregulation and PHD2 dephosphorylation leading to HIF1α and soluble endoglin upregulation. Moreover, parallel processes may be operative in preeclampsia in non-APS patients. Interventions targeting PP2A may provide novel means to combat APS-related preeclampsia and preeclampsia unrelated to APS.
Sleep‐Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Baker‐Smith Carissa M. , Isaiah Amal , Melendres Maria Cecilia , Mahgerefteh Joseph , Lasso‐Pirot Anayansi , Mayo Shawyntee , Gooding Holly , Zachariah Justin ,   the American Heart Association Athero, Hypertension and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young
Published: August 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults. It is associated with incident systemic hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. OSA is common in children and adolescents, but there has been less focus on OSA as a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. This scientific statement summarizes what is known regarding the impact of sleep‐disordered breathing and, in particular, OSA on the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents. This statement highlights what is known regarding the impact of OSA on the risk for hypertension, arrhythmia, abnormal ventricular morphology, impaired ventricular contractility, and elevated right heart pressure among children and adolescents. This scientific statement also summarizes current best practices for the diagnosis and evaluation of cardiovascular disease–related complications of OSA in children and adolescents with sleep apnea and highlights potential future research in the area of sleep‐disordered breathing and cardiovascular health during childhood and adolescence.
Motivational Salience Guides Attention to Valuable and Threatening Stimuli: Evidence from Behavior and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kim Haena , Nanavaty Namrata , Ahmed Humza , Mathur Vani A. , Anderson Brian A.
Published: August 2021

Rewarding and aversive outcomes have opposing effects on behavior, facilitating approach and avoidance, although we need to accurately anticipate each type of outcome to behave effectively. Attention is biased toward stimuli that have been learned to predict either type of outcome, and it remains an open question whether such orienting is driven by separate systems for value- and threat-based orienting or whether there exists a common underlying mechanism of attentional control driven by motivational salience. Here, we provide a direct comparison of the neural correlates of value- and threat-based attentional capture after associative learning. Across multiple measures of behavior and brain activation, our findings overwhelmingly support a motivational salience account of the control of attention. We conclude that there exists a core mechanism of experience-dependent attentional control driven by motivational salience and that prior characterizations of attention as being value driven or supporting threat monitoring need to be revisited.
Content Word Production during Discourse in Aphasia: Deficits in Word Quantity, Not Lexical–Semantic Complexity
Authors: Alyahya Reem S. W. , Halai Ajay D. , Conroy Paul , Lambon Ralph Matthew A.
Published: August 2021

Although limited and reduced connected speech production is one, if not the most, prominent feature of aphasia, few studies have examined the properties of content words produced during discourse in aphasia, in comparison to the many investigations of single-word production. In this study, we used a distributional analysis approach to investigate the properties of content word production during discourse by 46 participants spanning a wide range of chronic poststroke aphasia and 20 neurotypical adults, using different stimuli that elicited three discourse genres (descriptive, narrative, and procedural). Initially, we inspected the discourse data with respect to the quantity of production, lexical–semantic diversity, and psycholinguistic features (frequency and imageability) of content words. Subsequently, we created a “lexical–semantic landscape,” which is sensitive to subtle changes and allowed us to evaluate the pattern of changes in discourse production across groups. Relative to neurotypical adults, all persons with aphasia (both fluent and nonfluent) showed significant reduction in the quantity and diversity of production, but the lexical–semantic complexity of word production directly mirrored neurotypical performance. Specifically, persons with aphasia produced the same rate of nouns/verbs, and their discourse samples covered the full range of word frequency and imageability, albeit with reduced word quantity. These findings provide novel evidence that, unlike in other disorders (e.g., semantic dementia), discourse production in poststroke aphasia has relatively preserved lexical–semantic complexity but demonstrates significantly compromised quantity of content word production. Voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping using both univariate and multivariate approaches revealed left frontal regions particularly the pars opercularis, insular cortex, and central and frontal opercular cortices supporting word retrieval during connected speech, irrespective of their word class or lexical–semantic complexity.
Contribution to the subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Southern Europe with the description of one new genus and 15 new species
Authors: JOHANSSON NIKLAS
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the descriptions of four new species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 and ten species of Ophion Fabricius, 1798: Enicospilus (Allocamptus) izquierdoae sp. nov., E. borderai sp. nov., E. erebus sp. nov., Ophion albanicus sp. nov., O. anatolicus sp. nov., O. canariensis sp. nov., O. castilloae sp. nov., O. cypriotus sp. nov., O. incarinatus sp. nov., O. trochantellatus sp. nov., O. mediterraneus sp. nov., O. pusillus sp. nov., O. rugipleuris sp. nov. and Ophion ziczac sp. nov. Additionally, a new genus Nyxia gen. nov. and its only known species Nyxia shawi sp. nov. is decribed from Portugal. Enicospilus arcuatus (Brullé, 1846) syn. nov. and Enicospilus hannibalis (Kohl, 1905) syn. nov. are junior synonyms of Enicospilus inflexus (Ratzeburg, 1844). Enicospilus ramidulops Scaramozzino, 1986 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Enicospilus bimaculator Aubert, 1979. The mainly Afrotropical species Enicospilus antefurcalis (Szépligeti, 1908) is a new record for the Palaearctic realm. A short discussion on the presumed diversity of Western Palaearctic Ophioninae is given.
First record of the genus Hiroshiinoueana Kawabe, 1978 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with a new record and a new species from Thailand
Authors: PINKAEW NANTASAK , MUADSUB SOPITA
Published: August 2021

The genus Hiroshiinoueana Kawabe, 1978 is recorded for the first time from Thailand. H. partita sp. nov. is described as new to science. The genus Atsusina Razowski, 2009 is treated as a junior synonym of Hiroshiinoueana. Atsusina curiosissima Razowski, 2009 is transferred to Hiroshiinoueana curiosissima (Razowski, 2009), new record for Thailand and redescribed. Female of H. curiosissima is described for the first time. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided. These taxa increase the number of described Hiroshiinoueana to 6 species worldwide.
The Intersection of Racial and Gender Attitudes, 1977 through 2018
Authors: Scarborough William J. , Pepin Joanna R. , Lambouths Danny L. , Kwon Ronald , Monasterio Ronaldo
Published: August 2021

Intersectionality scholars have long identified dynamic configurations of race and gender ideologies. Yet, survey research on racial and gender attitudes tends to treat these components as independent. We apply latent class analysis to a set of racial and gender attitude items from the General Social Survey (1977 to 2018) to identify four configurations of individuals’ simultaneous views on race and gender. Two of these configurations hold unified progressive or regressive racial and gender attitudes. The other two formations have discordant racial and gender attitudes, where progressive views on one aspect combine with regressive views on the other. In the majority of survey years, the most commonly held configuration endorsed gender equality but espoused new racialist views that attributed racial disparities to cultural deficiencies. This perspective has become increasingly common since 1977 and is most prevalent among White women and White men, likely due to racial-group interest. Black women and Black men, in contrast, are more likely to embrace progressive racial and gender attitudes. We argue that White men’s gender egalitarianism may be rooted in self-interest, aimed at acquiring resources through intimate relationships. In contrast, Black men adopt progressive racial and gender attitudes to form a necessary coalition with Black women to challenge racism.
Infrared Refraction Spectroscopy
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Ivanovski Vladimir , Popp Jürgen
Published: August 2021

We suggest a new modality of infrared spectroscopy termed Infrared Refraction Spectroscopy, which is complimentary to absorption spectroscopy. The beauty of this new modality lies not only in its simplicity but also in the fact that it closes an important gap: It allows to quantitatively interpret reflectance spectra by simplest means. First, the refractive index spectrum is calculated from reflectance by neglecting absorption. The change of the refractive index is proportional to concentration, and the spectra with features similar to second derivative absorbance spectra can simply be computed by numerically deriving the refractive index spectra, something which can be easily carried out by standard spectra software packages. The peak values of the derived spectra indicate oscillator positions and are approximately proportional to the concentration in a similar way as absorbance is. In contrast to absorbance spectra, there are no baseline ambiguities for first derivative refractive index spectra, and in refractive index spectra, instead of integrating over a band area, a simple difference of two refractive index values before and after an absorption leads to a quantity that correlates perfectly linearly with concentration in the absence of local field effects.
CSBS: Whither and whence?
Authors: Braun Willi
Published: August 2021

In 1933 nine scholars from the University of Toronto and its affiliated colleges met to establish the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies (CSBS), which thus became the oldest academic society in Canada. This article examines the CSBS’s early history with a special focus on its purpose and intellectual stance. From there it moves to chart an impression of the Society’s current achievements, activities and intellectual character. This leads to a brief assessment of the challenges that face the CSBS in the future.
Enhancing Researcher Reflexivity About the Influence of Leading Questions in Interviews
Authors: Cairns-Lee Heather , Lawley James , Tosey Paul
Published: August 2021

Interviewing is the most frequently used qualitative research method for gathering data. Although interviews vary across different epistemological perspectives, questions are central to all interviewing genres. This article focuses on the potential for the wording of interview questions to lead and unduly influence, or bias, the interviewee’s responses. This underacknowledged phenomenon affects the trustworthiness of findings and has implications for knowledge claims made by researchers, particularly in research that aims to elicit interviewees’ subjective experience. We highlight the problem of the influence of interview questions on data; provide a typology of how interview questions can lead responses; and present a method, the “cleanness rating,” that facilitates reflexivity by enabling researchers to review and assess the influence of their interview questions. This clarifies the researcher’s role in the production of interview data and contributes to methodological transparency.
Effects of Personality Traits, Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Predicting University Adjustment
Authors: Erzen Evren , Ozabaci Nilufer
Published: August 2021

The current study examined the relationship between personality traits, social support perceptions, academic self-efficacy and the adjustment to university. Participants were 992 university students (615 [62%] female, 377 [38%]) male. Results showed that social support, conscientiousness, extraversion and at low levels agreeableness predicted friendship adjustment, while academic self-efficacy and conscientiousness predicted academic adjustment. Academic self-efficacy, social support, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness traits were determined to affect prediction of general adjustment to university. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.
A Systematic Review of the Association between Parenting Styles and Narcissism in Young Adults: From Baumrind’s Perspective
Authors: Kılıçkaya Selin , Uçar Nehir , Denizci Nazlıgül Merve
Published: August 2021

The concept ‘parenting styles’ has been widely examined to understand the etiology of narcissism for decades. This study aimed to systematically review the empirical research literature regarding the association between perceived parenting styles and narcissism. In this study, Ebscohost, Wiley Online Library, Taylor&Francis, Springer Link, PubMed, PsycNet, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched using identified keywords. An extensive database search resulted in 75 identified publications. Of these, 60 were scrutinized, and in the end, ten studies were included in the review for data synthesis. To reach a common conceptualization on the parenting styles, the results were evaluated based on Baumrind’s typology. As a result of this systematic review, we can conclude that there is a relationship between narcissism and parenting styles. In particular, perceived permissive parenting was positively correlated with narcissism. However, the relationship between narcissism and other parenting styles is more complex. Therefore, more high-quality empirical studies are needed to investigate the relationship between parenting and narcissism.
Teaching Self-Protection to Students With Disabilities
Authors: Hartwig Rhyanne , McMullen Brock
Published: August 2021

The United States has made many advances in establishing a culture of acceptance and inclusivity for individuals with disabilities. Through best practices in K-12 education, students with disabilities are becoming more independent and empowered, however, there are many potential risks students with disabilities face, especially in the area of sexual assault or abuse. Individuals with disabilities are three times as likely to be a victim of serious violent crimes than any other population in the United States. To protect these individuals and to help them protect themselves, a potential strategy is to implement a self-protection unit in their physical education. A self-protection unit will teach students four areas of knowledge: awareness, prevention, escape, and recovery. The purpose of this paper is to educate physical education teachers on the incidence of sexual assault and abuse of individuals with disabilities and how they can implement and teach self-protection skills to students with disabilities in physical education.
Strengthening the resilience of Myanmar children studying in monastic schools
Authors: Phyu Khin Hnin , Han Buxin
Published: August 2021

Three-quarters of children in Myanmar face developmental barriers and risk-increasing conditions such as poverty, broken families, and difficulty accessing basic requirements. These children rely heavily on institutionalization. Given the adverse effects of institutional systems, knowing the differing impacts of sociodemographic and cultural factors is foundational to aiding healthy personal outcomes. Thus, this study focused primarily on enhancing the resilience of children in a monastic school through a dhamma-based school intervention. A three-phase mixed quantitative-qualitative research design was applied: a descriptive survey, an experimental research method, and an interview session. Three-hundred sixty-nine middle school students from five monastic schools completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and personal information forms. Regarding the sociodemographic group, hierarchical multiple regression revealed a significant predictive role of positive relationship with caregivers and community support in resilience. Furthermore, we experimentally examined the effectiveness of the program on resilience and related themes in a mixed factorial design. A paired-sample t-test, and two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the intervention significantly improved resilience. Interview results evidenced the current conditions and the beneficial impact of the intervention in enhancing personal strengths. This study not only provides empirical evidence for the instant, follow-up, and transfer effects of the program but also holds implications for authorities and stakeholders in the context of social welfare for needy children regarding contributions to advance culturally well-suited programs and, consequently, the population’s mental health.
A novel modified Lévy flight distribution algorithm to tune proportional, integral, derivative and acceleration controller on buck converter system
Authors: Izci Davut , Ekinci Serdar , Hekimoğlu Baran
Published: August 2021

In this paper, an optimal proportional, integral, derivative and acceleration (PIDA) controller design based on Bode’s ideal reference model and a novel modified Lévy flight distribution (mLFD) algorithm is proposed for buck converter system. The modification of the original Lévy flight distribution (LFD) algorithm was achieved by improving exploration and exploitation capabilities of the algorithm through incorporation of opposition-based learning mechanism and hybridizing with simulated annealing algorithm, respectively. The modified algorithm was used to tune the gains of the PIDA controller in order to operate a buck converter system that is mimicking the response of the Bode’s ideal reference model. Both the proposed novel algorithm and its PIDA controller design implementation for buck converter were confirmed through various tests and extensive analyses of statistical and non-parametric tests, convergence profile, transient and frequency responses, disturbance rejection, robustness, and time delay response. The comparative results with the state-of-the-art algorithms of manta ray foraging optimization, arithmetic optimization algorithm and the original LFD algorithm have shown that the proposed mLFD algorithm performs better than the compared ones in all assessments even when different well-known performance indices are used. The proposed Bode’s ideal reference model-based optimal PIDA control design with novel mLFD algorithm was also compared with other design approaches using the same buck converter system available in the literature. The proposed mLFD algorithm-based design approach has also shown greater effectiveness compared to other available methods, as well.
Over-flight and standoff tracking of a ground target with a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle based on a unified sliding mode guidance law
Authors: Lin Chuanjian , Shi Jingping , Lyu Yongxi , Wang Yueping
Published: August 2021

Target tracking of ground targets is a significant application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in civil and military fields. There are two common modes for target tracking: over-flight tracking and standoff tracking. Each tracking method has a wide application prospect. However, many researchers have studied these two tracking methods separately and designed different guidance laws, which is not conducive to practical application. In this paper, a new guidance law based on sliding mode guidance (SMG) is proposed for tracking a stationary target, which is compatible with the two tracking modes. The stability and finite-time convergence of the guidance law are proved. Then, the guidance is extended to tracking a moving target. The numerical simulations are carried out for the tracking problems of ground targets, and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law.
Shielded open-circuited probe for in-situ measurements of soil permittivity in Very high frequency (VHF) and Ultra high frequency (UHF) bands
Authors: Muzalevskiy Konstantin , Karavaysky Andrey
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the shielded open-circuited probe operating in the wide frequency range from 75MHz to 2GHz is proposed. The probe is made of an SubMiniature version A (SMA) flange connector. The central rod of the SMA connector emerges from a coaxial transition in the flange and shielded by four rods. The robe design allows us to calculate of the probe reflection coefficient S11 used simple analytical transmission line model (TEM wave mode), the parameters of which were calibrated on a set of substances with a known frequency spectrum of permittivity. The refractive index (RI) and normalized attenuation coefficient (NAC) retrieval technique is based on solving the inverse problem of minimizing the residual norm between measured and calculated frequency spectra of reflection coefficient S11. After calibration, the root-mean-square error (determination coefficient) between the measured and calculated module and phase of the reflection coefficient S11 for the sets of calibration media air, distilled water, butanol, pure ice, water solution with NaCl of salinity of 8.9% do not exceed 0.26dB (0.995) and 0.03 rad (0.999), respectively, in the frequency range from 75MHz to 2GHz. The root-mean-square error (determination coefficient) between the measured RI and NAC spectra for four soil cover samples (variation of the clay fraction from 10.5 g/g to 47.6 g/g) using the proposed probe and a precision coaxial cell not exceeds 0.109 (0.993) and 0.057 (0.986), respectively, in the frequency range from 75 MHz to 2 GHz. As a result, it is experimentally shown that RI и NAC can be measured by the proposed non-precision probe with an error comparable to the precision coaxial cell.
Who said that we do not see? An inclusion strategy for students with visual impairment using cell models and a modeling-clay-based evaluation method
Authors: Dumpel Renata Guimarães , Silva Andréia Santos , Pereira Ricardo dos Santos , Delou Cristina , Castro Helena Carla
Published: August 2021

Currently, there is a great need for inclusive practices and materials for visually impaired students (SVIs), especially from Biology. Thus, we developed two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) didactic models about cytology as well as a modeling-clay-based evaluation method. The two-dimensional tactile atlas included the representation of organelles with an explanatory text in two formats (written and Braille), whereas the 3D human cell model was made with a colorful polymer clay pasta. These models were tested by students of public schools, with and without visual impairment as well as by teachers of science/biology. Their perceptions were analyzed by using questionnaires, whereas the modeling clay-based evaluation method was used with the SVIs to identify their level of understanding about the cellular structures presented to them. According to all participants including SVIs, both materials facilitated the understanding of cell organelles. Interestingly, the modeling clay-based evaluation method confirmed that this blind audience could see (distinguish) as many details as those who have no visual impairment. Our results strengthen the fact that this blind public depends on the accessibility level that, apparently, is offered by our 2D and 3D models to them. In agreement with that conclusion, all teachers pointed this strategy as helpful to this public especially during teaching these overly complex topics.
Update on “Treatment of orthostatic headache without intracranial hypotension: A case report” – nine years later
Authors: Bonifácio Gonçalo V , Gil-Gouveia Raquel
Published: August 2021

Background

In 2013, one of the authors described a 36-year-old female with orthostatic headache without documented intracranial hypotension or evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak, despite extensive workup. Headache was unresponsive to conservative treatment since 2010, showed only transient benefit after repeated epidural blood patches while vitamin A supplementation resulted in progressive improvement.

Case

Since 2013, the patient followed a relapsing and remitting course yet relapse control became difficult after a drug induced liver injury required vitamin A discontinuation in 2017, when her headache became chronic. Greater occipital nerve blocks provided pain relief as alternative but were stopped due to the pandemic and her latest severe relapse, in late 2020, required not only restarting anaesthetic blocks and aggressive medication management, but also reassessing and treating comorbidities (obstructive sleep apnoea and major depressive disorder) with modest benefit.

Conclusion

Orthostatic headache without intracranial hypotension is rare, with only 28 cases reported so far, all treated empirically and all treatment options revealing to be mostly ineffective. Vitamin A anecdotally appeared to be useful in our case but had to be stopped for severe side effects, so unfavourable long-term prognosis, in ours and 2/3 of the reported cases, seems to be the rule in this intriguing entity.
Health care Affordability and Associated Concerns Among Adults Aged 65 and above in Florida
Authors: Wiltshire Jacqueline , Garcia Colato Edlin , Conner Kyaien O. , Anderson Erica , Orban Barbara
Published: August 2021

Objective:

This study assessed affordability of care in a diverse sample of Floridians aged ≥ 65 to ascertain concerns about health care costs.

Methods:

We surveyed 170 adults (40.6% white, 27.6% black, and 31.8% Hispanic) and conducted three race/ethnic-stratified focus groups ( n = 27).

Results:

Most participants had Medicare (97.1%). Among whites, 11.6% reported problems paying medical bills in the past 12 months versus 14.9% of blacks and 24.1% of Hispanics. In addition, 13% of whites, 19.2% of blacks, and 20.4% of Hispanics reported not getting needed prescription drugs because of costs. The most frequently identified concerns from the focus groups were the cost of prescription drugs, out-of-pocket expenses, and medical billing. Concerns about medical billing included understanding bills, transparency, timely postings, and uncertainty about who to contact about problems.

Discussion:

Our findings suggest that practices that help older adults effectively manage medical bills and costs may alleviate their concerns and guard against financial burdens.
« Statistiquement significatif » ? Respectons l’incertitude de l’effet testé
Authors: Bultez Alain , Derbaix Christian , Herrmann Jean-Luc
Published: August 2021

Résumé

Ne rêvons-nous pas tous de pouvoir conclure que nos résultats sont « statistiquement significatifs », c’est-à-dire associés à une probabilité p inférieure à un seuil, généralement de 5% ? Dans cet article, nous montrons d’abord que p n’est pas ce qu’on croit, et qu’il conduit à une dichotomisation fallacieuse et à une sous-évaluation de l’incertitude de l’effet testé. Nous proposons ensuite une nouvelle mesure directe de la plausibilité de cet effet. A partir d’un exemple tiré d’un article, nous l’illustrons et la complétons de contextualisations concrètes reposant sur des contrastes graphiques entre intervalles crédibles. Finalement, nous soulignons que la démarche proposée contribue à réaliser à quel point l’interprétation de p, ou de toute autre probabilité, doit être prudente dès lors qu’il s’agit d’émettre une conclusion dans un environnement incertain à propos de l’existence ou non d’un effet.
Measuring Violence Against Women: A Global Index
Authors: Cepeda Isabel , Lacalle-Calderon Maricruz , Torralba Miguel
Published: August 2021

Violence against women (VaW) is a widespread crime and violation of the rights of women. It is present in every country without exception and crosses boundaries of culture, class, education, income, and race. Despite the magnitude of the literature and the abundance of publications on this problem, the field lacks a comprehensive and homogeneous way to measure and compare the extent of VaW across countries. Proper quantification of this problem is needed to develop preventive policies and strategies to reduce it. This article develops an index of VaW (VAWI) with global scope and multidimensional approach for 102 countries. It is an original index that calculates the total level of VaW by capturing information from the main VaW types (physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence) in a single value between 0 and 1, where 0 denotes complete absence of violence and 1 the highest level of violence in a country. The proposed index is easy to compute and is comparable across countries. Our main results show that the nations with the highest levels of global VaW are Yemen, Senegal, Oman, Cameroon, and Uganda. The countries with the lowest levels are the Northern European Countries, Canada, and Malta. This VAWI makes a novel and important contribution to the study of gender issues. It can be used not only to monitor the statistics on VaW data within countries over time but also to make comparisons among countries. Further, it could be useful in designing new policy initiatives to reduce VaW.
Sense of Purpose in Life and Subsequent Physical, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Health: An Outcome-Wide Approach
Authors: Kim Eric S. , Chen Ying , Nakamura Julia S. , Ryff Carol D. , VanderWeele Tyler J.
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

Growing evidence indicates that a higher sense of purpose in life ( purpose) is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases and mortality. However, epidemiological studies have not evaluated if change in purpose is associated with subsequent health and well-being outcomes.

Design:

We evaluated if positive change in purpose (between t0; 2006/2008 and t1;2010/2012) was associated with better outcomes on 35 indicators of physical health, health behaviors, and psychosocial well-being (at t2;2014/2016).

Sample:

We used data from 12,998 participants in the Health and Retirement study—a prospective and nationally representative cohort of U.S. adults aged >50.

Analysis:

We conducted multiple linear-, logistic-, and generalized linear regressions.

Results:

Over the 4-year follow-up period, people with the highest (versus lowest) purpose had better subsequent physical health outcomes (e.g., 46% reduced risk of mortality (95% CI [0.44, 0.66])), health behaviors (e.g., 13% reduced risk of sleep problems (95% CI [0.77, 0.99])), and psychosocial outcomes (e.g., higher optimism (β = 0.41, 95% CI [0.35, 0.47]), 43% reduced risk of depression (95% CI [0.46, 0.69]), lower loneliness (β = −0.35, 95% CI [−0.41, −0.29])). Importantly, however, purpose was not associated with other physical health outcomes, health behaviors, and social factors.

Conclusion:

With further research, these results suggest that sense of purpose might be a valuable target for innovative policy and intervention work aimed at improving health and well-being.
Adolescents’ Future Expectations of Work and Education Within Adaptation Model of Career Construction Theory
Authors: Karacan-Ozdemir Nurten , Ayaz Ahmet
Published: August 2021

The current study suggested and tested a model to investigate the associations between adolescent future expectations of work and education (AFE-WE; adaptive responses) and positive future expectations (PFE; adaptivity) through concern, control, curiosity, and confidence (adaptability resources) as well as the role of the gender. The data were gathered from 806 high school students (59% girls), recruited from eight different public schools in Gaziantep, Turkey. Structural equation model was used. The results showed that the PFE predicted the AFE-WE and concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. Yet, concern contributed to the AFE-WE, only and partially mediated the relationships between the PFE and the AFE-WE. The proposed model did not change across gender. These findings were discussed within cultural context and addressed implications for theory, research, and practice.
Injury-Related Emergency Department Presentations Among Residential Aged Care Residents in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Yeganeh Ladan , Bugeja Lyndal , Berecki Janneke , Laughlin Adrian , Ibrahim Joseph
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study aimed to quantify and describe the characteristics of emergency department (ED) injury presentations and subsequent hospital admissions among residents of residential aged-care facilities (RACFs) in Victoria, Australia between 2008 and 2018.

Methods

This study comprised a single jurisdiction population-based study of consecutive injury-related ED presentations of RACFs residents using the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD).

Results

The rate of ED injury presentations per 100,000 population decreased by .8% per year over 10 years ( P = .03); however, the rate per 100,000 RACF bed days increased by .6% per year ( P = .05). The proportion of presentations subsequently admitted to hospital increased 4.0% per year ( P<.0001). The majority of presentations were due to falls (82.5%), with fracture(s) being the most common injury type (34.0%).

Discussion

The increased rate of ED visits and hospital admissions in RACFs residents highlights the need to design specialized emergency care services and/or provide better direct access to hospital care for this vulnerable population.
Wear performance of indexable coated inserts cutting 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel
Authors: Han Xiaolan , Liu Zhanfeng , Feng Yazhou
Published: August 2021

Due to the poor processability of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel, the inserts are quickly worn down during the cutting process, affecting both the machining accuracy and surface quality of the machined part. In this study, the wear performance of four different types of coated inserts, TiCN+Al2O3, TiAlN, multilayer Ti composite, and TiCN+Al2O3+TiN, were investigated on the external turning of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel. The effects of different coatings on insert durability were analyzed from the perspective of wear profile, flank wear, and chip morphology. The wear of the inserts was mainly resulted from abrasive wear, diffusion wear, and adhesive wear. The flank wear ranking from the lowest to the highest for four coated inserts was TiAlN coating, TiCN+Al2O3 coating, TiCN+Al2O3+TiN coating, and multilayer Ti composite coating. The TiAlN coating deposited by physical vapor deposition exhibited excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance and stability, indicating its suitability for the turning of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel component. This study provides not only an important guidance for choosing inserts with different coating materials to improve wear performance, but also a good reference on the optimal design of indexable coated inserts for different materials.
Restoration and enhancement of breast ultrasound images using extended complex diffusion based unsharp masking
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Srivastava Subodh
Published: August 2021

Ultrasound is a well-known imaging modality for the interpretation of breast cancer. It is playing very important role for breast cancer detection that are missed by mammograms. The image acquisition is usually affected by the presence of noise, artifacts, and distortion. To overcome such type of issues, there is a need of image restoration and enhancement to improve the quality of image. This paper proposes a single framework for denoising and enhancement of ultrasound images, where a smoothing filter is replaced with an extended complex diffusion-based filter in an unsharp masking technique. The performance evaluation of the proposed method is tested on real ultrasound breast cancer images database and synthetic ultrasound image. The performance evaluation comprises qualitative and quantitative evaluation along with comparative analysis of pre-existing and proposed method. The quantitative evaluation metrics are mean squared error, peak-signal-to-noise ratio, correlation parameter, normalized absolute error, universal quality index, similarity structure index, edge preservation index, a measure of enhancement, a measure of enhancement by entropy, and second derivative like measurement. The result specifies that the proposed method is better suited approach for the removal of speckle noise which follows Rayleigh distribution, restoration of information, enhancement of abnormalities, and proper edge preservation.
Memory Fidelity Reveals Qualitative Changes in Interactions Between Items in Visual Working Memory
Authors: Lively Zachary , Robinson Maria M. , Benjamin Aaron S.
Published: August 2021

Memory for objects in a display sometimes reveals attraction—the objects are remembered as more similar to one another than they actually were—and sometimes reveals repulsion—the objects are remembered as more different from one another. The conditions that lead to these opposing memory biases are poorly understood; there is no theoretical framework that explains these contrasting dynamics. In three experiments (each N = 30 adults), we demonstrate that memory fidelity provides a unifying dimension that accommodates the existence of both types of visual working memory interactions. We show that either attraction or repulsion can arise simply as a function of manipulations of memory fidelity. We also demonstrate that subjective ratings of fidelity predict the presence of attraction or repulsion on a trial-by-trial basis. We discuss how these results bear on computational models of visual working memory and contextualize these results within the literature of attraction and repulsion effects in long-term memory and perception.
Enforcing WTO/GATS law and fundamental rights in EU infringement proceedings: An analysis of the ECJ’s ruling in Case C-66/18 Central European University
Authors: Vranes Erich
Published: August 2021

This article analyses the ECJ’s ruling in Case C-66/18 (Central European University), in which the Court found that two amendments to Hungary’s Law on Higher Education violate EU law and the WTO GATS Agreement. The ruling is remarkable in legal and political terms: it touches upon a series of fundamental issues, such as the EU’s efforts to protect European values, democracy and the rule of law in its Member States, infringement proceedings against Member States for their failure to comply with international agreements, the applicability of the Fundamental Rights Charter in EU external relations, the tension between the ECJ and the WTO dispute settlement system, national measures enacted to ward off ‘undesirable’ investments and other cross-cutting questions of EU law.
Litigation on Accommodating Teachers With Disabilities
Authors: Chan Paula E. , Hakala Alexandria , Katsiyannis Antonis , Counts Jennifer , Carlson Alex
Published: August 2021

Qualified employees with disabilities are entitled to reasonable accommodations under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act. The demanding nature of the teaching profession presents a particularly challenging context for accommodations; therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine litigation on accommodating teachers with disabilities. Authors searched Lexis+ to identify case law on accommodations claims by teachers with disabilities. Results indicated plaintiffs were primarily female. Depression represented the most common disability, followed by respiratory issues and post-traumatic stress disorders. Accommodation claims were adjudicated under the broad categories of failure to meet the essential functions of the position, failure to engage in the interactive process, and undue hardship. Implications for research and practice are also discussed.
Robust Peer Review: Caputo’s Response to Dunleavy
Authors: Caputo Richard K.
Published: August 2021

In this essay, I discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the alternative peer-review processes and the rationale and evidence used by Dunleavy (2021). To move the discussion forward, I end this response with a call to devise a study that would test some of the empirical claims associated with the modified traditional peer-review process I originally proposed (Caputo, 2019) and the one advanced by Dunleavy (2021).
The Cultivation of Social Work Knowledge: Toward a More Robust System of Peer Review
Authors: Dunleavy Daniel J.
Published: August 2021

In a recent issue of Families in Society, Caputo argues for the “centrality” of peer review in the cultivation of social work knowledge. Specifically, he favors the double-blind model of peer review. In this paper, I argue that social work should adopt a more dynamic set of reviewing practices. First, I define some terminology and discuss the limitations of the current double-blind model. Then, I describe recent trends in peer review, which I argue foster a more robust and open system. I frame this discussion within the context of the wider open science movement and urge social workers to engage with these scholarly practices. In line with these practices and values, a freely accessible preprint is available at: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/rvqze/
Early Adverse Events Following Pediatric Mandibular Advancement: Analysis of the ACS NSQIP-Pediatric Database
Authors: Carlson Kevin J. , Bharadwaj Suhas R. , Dougherty William M. , Dobratz Eric J.
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study aims to assess early adverse events and patient factors associated with complications following mandible distraction osteogenesis (MDO).

Materials and Methods

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-Pediatric) database, years 2012 to 2019, was queried for patients undergoing mandible advancement via relevant Current Procedural Terminology and postoperative diagnosis codes. Thirty-day adverse events and co-morbidities are assessed.

Results

A total of 208 patients were identified with 17.3% (n = 36) experiencing an adverse event, reoperation (n = 14), and readmission (n = 11) being most common. Patients < 365 days old at the time of operation were more likely to experience an adverse event (26.1% vs 10.8%; P = .005). However, among patients less than 1 year of age, differences in the complication rates between patients  ≤ 28 days and >28 days (30.2% vs 22.2%; P = .47) and those weighing  ≤ 4 kg and >4 kg (31.7% vs 11.5%; P = .063) did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

Adverse events following mandible advancement are relatively common, though often minor. In our analysis of the NSQIP-Pediatric database, neonatal age ( ≤ 28 days) or weight  ≤ 4 kg did not result in a statistically significant increase in complications among patients less than 1 year of age. Providers should consider early intervention in patients who may benefit from MDO.