bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of chemotherapy induced emesis
Authors: Roila Fausto
Published: August 2005

Important progress has been achieved in the last few years in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting thanks to the introduction in clinical practice first of the 5-HT3 antagonists and of the NK1 antagonists more recently. To prevent acute emesis induced by cisplatin/moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, a combination of aprepitant plus a 5-HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone/a 5-HT3 antagonist plus dexamethasone, is now the most efficacious regimen. For the prevention of delayed emesis induced by cisplatin/moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, a combination of dexamethasone plus aprepitant or metoclopramide or a 5-HT3 antagonist/dexamethasone or a 5-HT3 antagonist are the preferred antiemetic regimens. For the prevention of acute emesis induced by low emetogenic chemotherapy a prophylaxis with a single antiemetic drug such as dexamethasone is suggested while no antiemetic prophylaxis should be administered to prevent acute emesis induced by minimal emetogenic chemotherapy or to prevent delayed emesis induced by low or minimal emetogenic chemotherapy. In this last case a rescue therapy should be administered in patients presenting acute or delayed emesis.
Prevention of child obesity as a measure of preventing malignant diseases
Authors: Mirilov Jelena , Bjelica Artur
Published: August 2005

Numerous investigations documented that there is a significant correlation between obesity and the onset of malignant neoplasms. It has been known for decades that Vojvodina is an area characterized by frequent occurrence of obesity with adult population, which starts much earlier in childhood. Good knowledge of incidence in child obesity is a first step in the prevention of malignant diseases. The study encompassed the anthropometric measurements (body height and body weight) of 3298 boys and 3146 girls aged from 6 to 15 years, from 10 primary schools of the wider area of the city of Novi Sad. The measurement data served as the basis to calculate the body mass index (BMI). On the basis of BMI the incidence of the overall obesity (?P85) among the examined boys on the territory of Novi Sad community was found to be 16.59%. Overweight (P85 - P95) was observed in 10.28%, and obesity (?P95) in 6.31% boys. The analysis of the nutrition status among the examined schoolgirls on the territory of Novi Sad community, on the basis of BMI, showed that overall obesity (?P85) was present in 14.69% of schoolgirls; overweight (P85 - P95) was found in 9.38%, and obesity (?P95) in 5.31% of the examined schoolgirls. The high percentage of obese schoolchildren cannot be considered as desirable, especially if it is taken into account that there has been a significant increase compared with the previous examination.
Orbital elements, dynamical masses and parallaxes for four double and one triple systems
Authors: Olevic Dragomir , Cvetkovic Zorica
Published: August 2005

New orbital elements for four binaries: WDS 00416+2438 = WRH 28, WDS 01554+0257 = A 2407 = ADS 1530, WDS 15031+4439 = CHR 43 and WDS 22550+5132 = HU 785 = ADS 16368 and one triple star WDS 23393+4543 = ADS 16904: CHR 149 Aa and A 643 Aa-B are determined. Preliminary dynamical masses and parallaxes are also given. .
A search for candidate radio supernova remnants in the nearby irregular starburst galaxies NGC 4214 and NGC 4395
Authors: Vukotic B. , Bojicic I. , Pannuti T.G. , Urosevic Dejan
Published: August 2005

We present the results of a search for new candidate radio su?pernova remnants (SNRs) in the nearby starburst irregular galaxies NGC 4214 and NGC 4395 using archived radio observations made with the Very Large Array (VLA) at the wavelengths of 3.5 cm, 6 cm and 20 cm for NGC 4214 and 6 cm and 20 cm for NGC 4395. These observations were analyzed as part of our ongoing search for candidate radio SNRs in nearby galaxies: the goal of this search is to prepare a large sample of candidate radio SNRs for the purpose of a robust statistical study of the properties of these sources. Based on our analysis, we have confirmed the nonthermal nature of the discrete radio sources ? and ? in NGC 4214 and classify these sources as candidate radio SNRs based on their positional coincidences with HII regions in that galaxy. We have measured the flux densities of the two candidate radio SNRs at each wavelength and calculated corresponding spectral indices: we have also measured flux densities of two other discrete radio sources in these galaxies - ? in NGC 4214 and #3 in NGC 4395 which we suspect to be additional candidate radio SNRs based on their positional coincidences with other HII regions in these galaxies. However, the radio data presently available for these sources can?not confirm such a classification and additional observations are needed. We have also calculated the radio luminosities Lradio at the wavelength of 20 cm for these two candidate radio SNRs as well as the corresponding values for the minimum total energy Emin required to power these radio sources via synchrotron emission and the corresponding magnetic field strength Bmin. We have compared our mean calculated values for these properties with the mean values for populations of candidate radio SNRs in other starburst galaxies: while the values for Lradio and Bmin are roughly comparable to the values seen in other starburst galaxies, the mean value for Emin is higher than the mean value of any other starburst galaxy. Finally, we include these two candidate radio SNRs in a discussion of the ? ? D relation for extragalactic candidate radio SNRs and find that these sources are located on the shallower end of the master ? ? D relation for all extragalactic SNRs as derived by Urosevic et al.(2005). .
Thermal-expansion and mechanical properties of the Ca10(P04)6(OH)2-TiO2 composite
Authors: Fidancevska E. , Ruseska G. , Zafirovski S. , Pavlovski B.
Published: August 2005

Hydroxyapatite is a particularly attractive material for human tissue implantation. The intrinsic poor mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite material can lead to instability and unsatisfactory duration of the implant in the presence of body fluids and local loading. Addition of TiO2 in the hydroxyapatite matrix can enhance the mechanical properties of the obtained composite. The composite with 15 % TiO2 content shows a thermal stability of the system and improved mechanical properties.
High-temperature short-term and long hardness of sintered compact and porous titanium-siliceous carbide ti3sic2
Authors: Firstov S.A. , Pechkovsky E.P.
Published: August 2005

The ternary compound of titanium-siliceous carbide Ti3SiC2, one of the representatives of Nan laminates, prepared by solid-phase sintering is investigated in compact and porous (q=0.03-0.41) states. Features of its short-term and long-term hardness (?=10 N) behavior in the temperature range from 20 to 1200?? at a holding time of 1-60 min were studied. It is shown that a temperature of about 700?? and holding time under load of about 10 min are critical values of the indentation procedure that correspond to an intensive decrease of hardness. The presence of porosity results in a decrease in hardness. a deformation scheme of compact and porous titanium-siliceous carbide Ti3SiC2 in the temperature range from 20 to 1200?? is proposed. .
Influence of mechanical activation of AL2O3 on synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel
Authors: Zhihui Zhang , Nan LI.
Published: August 2005

Magnesium aluminate (MA) spinel is synthesized by reaction sintering from alumina and magnesia. The effects of mechanical activation of Al2O3 on reaction sintering were investigated. Non-milled a - Al2O3 and a - Al2O3 high-energy ball milled for 12h, 24h and 36h were mixed with a MgO analytical reagent according to the stoichiometric MA ratio, respectively and pressed into billets with diameters of 20mm and height of 15mm. The green-body billets were then sintered at high temperature in an air atmosphere. The results show that bulk density, relative content of MA and grain size of MA increase with increasing high-energy ball milling time of Al2O3. However prolonged milling time over 24h has a small beneficial effect on the densification of MA. Bulk density and grain size of a sample of a- Al2O3 milled for 24h are 3.30g/cm3 and 4-5 mm, respectively.
Dense nanostructured materials obtained by spark plasma sintering and field activated pressure assisted synthesis starting from mechanically activated powder mixtures
Authors: Bernard F. , le Gallet , Spinassou N. , Paris S. , Gaffet E. , Woolman J.N. , Munir Z.A.
Published: August 2005

The preparation of highly dense bulk materials with a grain size in the range of a few to a few hundreds nanometers is currently the objective of numerous studies. In our research we have achieved a measure of success in this regard by using the methods of mechanically-activated, field-activated, pressure-assisted synthesis, MAFAPAS, which has been patented, and mechanically-activated spark plasma sintering, MASPS. Both methods, which consist of the combination of a mechanical activation step followed by a consolidation step under the simultaneous influence of an electric field and mechanical pressure, have led to the formation of dense nanostructured ceramics, intermetallics, and composites, such as, MoSi2 FeAl, NbAl3, and TiN-TiB2. In this report, both one-step synthesis-consolidation and sintering of different nanostructured materials by SPS and FAPAS were investigated. .
Thermal Conductivity Imaging of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Zheng X. , Cahill D. G. , Zhao J.‐C.
Published: July 2005

Thermal conductivity images of thermal barrier coatings are measured using time‐domain thermoreflectance at a single delay time with micron‐scale resolution. We find that the thermal conductivity of electron‐beam physical vapor deposited 8 wt% yttria‐stablized zirconia coatings for heat flow along both the through‐thickness and in‐plane directions is isotropic and uniform throughout the depth of the coating.
Male‐to‐male transmission in Laurin–Sandrow syndrome and exclusion of RARB and RARG
Authors: Kjaer Klaus W. , Hansen Lars , Eiberg Hans , Christensen Knud Stenild , Opitz John M. , Tommerup Niels
Published: July 2005

We report on a father and a son with nasal and limb defects characteristic of Laurin–Sandrow syndrome (LSS) excluding for the first time X‐linked inheritance in this rare condition. Based on a search for genes expressed late during nose formation and early in limb formation we identified retinoic acid receptor B (RARB) and retinoic acid receptor G (RARG) as possible candidate genes and sequenced bidirectionally including all exons and intron–exon bounders. We identified a single nucleotide substitution in intron 2 of RARB, which is conserved in human, chimp, dog, mouse, rat, and chicken. However, it was located 83 bp from exon 2, suggesting it is a rare polymorphism which does not account for the phenotype. No other mutations were found. This suggests that another yet unknown gene is responsible for the condition. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial recurrence of heart defects in subjects with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Piacentini Gerardo , Digilio M. Cristina , Capolino Rossella , Zorzi Andrea De , Toscano Alessandra , Sarkozy Anna , D'Agostino Rita , Marasini Maurizio , Russo M. Giovanna , Dallapiccola Bruno , Marino Bruno
Published: July 2005

Familial recurrence of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is considered uncommon. Most of the previous familial studies involved a small number of patients and referred to all situs and looping anomalies including single ventricle, heterotaxia, and other cardiac defects different from CCTGA. We performed a large, consecutive clinical case series study in order to detect the recurrence of congenital heart defects in families of children with the classic form of CCTGA. From January 1997 through December 2004, 102 consecutive patients with CCTGA were evaluated in four institutions. There were 59 male (57.8%) and 43 female (42.2%). Mean age was 8.6 ± 7.8 years. Eighty‐eight patients (86.3%) had situs solitus of the atria, 14 (13.7%) situs inversus. The cardiac and extracardiac anomalies among relatives and the patterns of familial recurrence were investigated. Relatives with congenital heart defects were found in 16/102 families (15.7%). Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) was the most common recurrent defect (6/102 families). Consanguinity was identified in the parents of three probands. Six probands had an unaffected twin‐sib. Recurrence risks for congenital heart defects were calculated at 5.2% (6/116) for siblings. In conclusion, CCTGA is not always sporadic in families. The pattern of inheritance, the presence of consanguinity among parents and the recurrence of situs inversus could suggest, in some families, an autosomal recessive mechanism with similarities with that occurring in some pedigrees with heterotaxia. The recurrence of TGA and CCTGA in the same family suggests a pathogenetic link between these two anatomically different malformations. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conductivity of crosslinked poly(epichlorohydrin‐co‐(ethylene oxide)‐co‐(allyl glycidyl ether)) compositions under ambient circumstances for its application to an electrophotographic system
Authors: Matoba Y. , Shoji S. , Ikeda Y.
Published: July 2005

Terpolymers were synthesized by copolymerization of epichlorohydrin with ethylene oxide (EO) and allyl glycidyl ether. The terpolymers were crosslinked by sulfur curing. Conductivity of the crosslinked terpolymer compositions was investigated for application to an electrophotographic system. The composition containing 71 mol % EO units in the terpolymer gave high and stable conductivity over a wide range from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity conditions. The conductivity of crosslinked terpolymer composition satisfied Ohm's law against the applied voltage from 10 to 1000 V, which is necessary for the electrophotographic system. The conductivity increased by the addition of a small amount of electrolyte. The staining ascribable to the migration of electrolyte was not observed, when 3 parts per hundred rubber by weight of octadecyltrimethylammonium perchlorate was doped to the crosslinked terpolymer composition whose EO content in the terpolymer was 71 mol %. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 825–830, 2005
Rheological destructuring of aqueous gels composed of cellulose ethers following storage in the presence of redox agents
Authors: Jones David S. , Muldoon Brendan C. O. , David Woolfson A. , Dominic Sanderson F.
Published: July 2005

Despite their widespread use, there is a paucity of information concerning the effect of storage on the rheological properties of pharmaceutical gels that contain organic and inorganic additives. Therefore, this study examined the effect of storage (1 month at either 4 or 37°C) on the rheological and mechanical properties of gels composed of either hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (3–5% w/w, HPMC) or hydroxyethylcellulose (3–5% w/w, HEC) and containing or devoid of dispersed organic (tetracycline hydrochloride 2% w/w) or inorganic (iron oxide 0.1% w/w) agents. The mechanical properties were measured using texture profile analysis whereas the rheological properties were analyzed using continuous shear rheometry and modeled using the Power Law model. All formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow with minimal thixotropy. Increasing polymer concentration (3–5% w/w) significantly increased the consistency, hardness, compressibility, and adhesiveness of the formulations due to increased polymer chain entanglement. Following storage (1 month at 4 and 37°C) the consistency and mechanical properties of additive free HPMC gels (but not HEC gels) increased, due to the time‐dependent development of polymer chain entanglements. Incorporation of tetracycline hydrochloride significantly decreased and increased the rheological and mechanical properties of HPMC and HEC gels, respectively. Conversely, the incorporation of iron oxide did not affect these properties. Following storage, the rheological and mechanical properties of HPMC and HEC formulations were markedly compromised. This effect was greater following storage at 37 than at 4°C and, additionally, greater in the presence of tetracycline hydrochloride than iron oxide. It is suggested that the loss of rheological/mechanical structure was due to chain depolymerization, facilitated by the redox properties of tetracycline hydrochloride and iron oxide. These observations have direct implications for the design and formulation of gels containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 852–859, 2005
Characterization of poly(indole‐5‐carboxylic acid) in aqueous rechargeable cells
Authors: Sivakkumar S. R. , Angulakshmi N. , Saraswathi R.
Published: July 2005

Self‐doped poly(indole‐5‐carboxylic acid) (P5CO2H) is electrodeposited from acetonitrile containing 0.1M LiClO4 as electrolyte and characterized by UV–vis, IR, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The polymer is evaluated as a cathode active material together with a Zn anode in rechargeable cells containing 1M ZnSO4 at pH 5. The cell shows an open circuit voltage of 1.36 V and a specific capacity of 67 Ah kg−1. The ac impedance study shows a predominant diffusion mechanism. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 917–922, 2005
Genetic control of experimental spondylarthropathy
Authors: Szabó Zoltán , Szántó Sándor , Végvári Anikó , Szekanecz Zoltán , Mikecz Katalin , Glant Tibor T.
Published: July 2005

Objective

To characterize experimentally induced spondylarthropathy (SpA) in arthritis‐susceptible inbred mice and in their F1 and F2 hybrid generations of susceptible and resistant mouse strains.

Methods

SpA was induced in susceptible BALB/c and C3H/HeJCr (C3H) strains of mice, and in their F1 and F2 generations derived from intercrosses with arthritis‐ and/or spondylitis‐resistant DBA/2 and DBA/1 parent strains, by systemic immunization with cartilage proteoglycan (PG) aggrecan. The incidence and severity of PG‐induced spondylitis (PGIS) were scored histologically, and these scores for spine involvement were correlated with serum antibody and cytokine levels and with in vitro T cell responses to cartilage PG.

Results

PGIS was induced by systemic immunization with cartilage PG in adjuvant, and ∼60–70% of susceptible mouse strains and their F2 hybrids developed spondylitis either with or without arthritis. Adjuvants, particularly those activating the innate immune system and enforcing the Th1 dominance, had significant effects on the outcome and progression of SpA. The DBA/1 strain appeared to carry genes protecting this strain and its F1 and F2 hybrids from spondylitis, whereas the DBA/2 strain, although resistant to PGIS, harbored genes permitting PGIS in its hybrid generations. Arthritis‐ and/or spondylitis‐susceptible BALB/c and C3H parent strains and their F2 hybrids exhibited the highest incidence and severity of spondylitis.

Conclusion

PGIS, a murine model of autoimmune spondylitis, shows similarities to ankylosing spondylitis. Segregation of susceptibility to PG‐induced arthritis (PGIA) from that to PGIS in different genetic crosses suggests that PGIA and PGIS are separate diseases. Therefore, this model allows for the elucidation of genetic components involved in the etiology of SpA, independent of those controlling the susceptibility to PGIA.
Hydrogenation of 2‐Ethylanthraquinones in a Periodically Operated Trickle‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Liu G. , Mi Z.
Published: August 2005

The research on periodic operation of a trickle‐bed reactor (TBR) has generated a growing interest over the past 10 years. So far, most of the reactions studied in the literature were single reactions and limited information is available on the effect of periodic operation on the performance of parallel or consecutive reactions. To provide a better understanding, the influence of periodic operation of a TBR on the conversion and selectivity of a consecutive reaction, the hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinones over a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, has been investigated.
Polymerization Kinetics of Fischer‐Tropsch Reaction on Iron Based Catalysts and Product Grade Optimization
Authors: Fernandes F. A. N.
Published: August 2005

The polymerization kinetics of Fischer‐Tropsch reactions on a K‐promoted Fe catalyst was studied. To represent the product distribution, a kinetic model was developed based on alkyl and alkenyl mechanisms for hydrocarbon chain propagation, which were assumed to occur simultaneously in the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis. The conclusion was drawn that superimposed Anderson‐Schulz‐Flory (ASF) distributions with different chain growth probabilities, on iron catalysts, can be the result of different chain growth mechanisms. The polymerization mechanism was used to obtain the product distribution for several conditions, and the optimum conditions for the production of transportation fuels were found.
Computational and Experimental Studies on the Mechanism of the Photochemical Carbonylation of Group 6 Fischer Carbene Complexes
Authors: Fernández Israel , Sierra Miguel A. , Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Mancheño María J. , Cossío Fernando P.
Published: July 2005

The photocarbonylation reaction of Group 6 Fischer carbene complexes has been studied by DFT and experimental procedures. The process occurs by intersystem crossing (ISC) from the lowest excited singlet state (S1) to the lowest triplet state (T1), the latter structure being decisive for the outcome of the reaction. Methylenepentacarbonylchromium(0) complexes, alkoxypentacarbonylchromium(0)carbene complexes, and alkoxyphosphinetetracarbonylchromium(0) carbene complexes have coordinatively unsaturated chromacyclopropanone T1 structures with a biradical character. The evolution of the metallacyclopropanone species occurs by a jump (spin inversion) to the S0 hypersurface by coordination of a molecule of the solvent, leading to ketene‐derived products in the presence of ketenophiles or reverting to the starting carbene complex in their absence. The T1 excited states obtained from methylenephosphinetetracarbonylchromium(0) complexes and pentacarbonyltungsten(0)carbene complexes are unable to produce the carbonylation. The reaction with ketenophiles is favored in coordinating solvents, which has been tested experimentally in the reaction of alkoxypentacarbonylchromium(0) complexes and imines.
DFT Calculations of the Electric Field Gradient at the Tin Nucleus as a Support of Structural Interpretation by 119Sn Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Barone Giampaolo , Silvestri Arturo , Ruisi Giuseppe , La Manna Gianfranco
Published: July 2005

DFT calculations, using an all‐electron basis set and with full geometry optimization, were performed on 34 SnII and SnIV compounds of known structure and 119Sn Mössbauer parameters, to obtain the theoretical values of the electric field gradient components, Vxx, Vyy, and Vzz, at the tin nucleus. These were used to determine the quantity V=Vzz${\bigg[}$1+${{1\over 3}}$${\bigg(}$${{V{_{xx}}- V{_{yy}}\over V{_{zz}}}}$${\bigg)}$2${\bigg]}$1/2, for each investigated compound, which is related to the quadrupole splitting (ΔE) parameter according to ΔE=1/2eQV, where e is the electronic charge and Q is the quadrupole moment of the tin nucleus. The linear fitting of the correlation plot of the experimental ΔE, versus the corresponding calculated V values, produced a slope that is equal to 0.93±0.03 and a correlation coefficient R=0.982. The value of Q obtained, 15.2±4.4 fm2, is in agreement with that previously experimentally determined or calculated by analogous procedures. The calculation method is able to establish the sign of the electric field gradient component Vzz, in agreement with the sign of ΔE determined experimentally by Mössbauer–Zeeman spectroscopy. The calculated structural parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, determined by X‐ray crystallography in the solid state, with average structural deviations of about 3 % for bond lengths and angles in the tin environment. Calculated values of ΔE were obtained from the calibration fitting constant and from the values of V. By comparing experimental and calculated ΔE parameters, the structure assignment of configurational isomers was successful in two test cases, in agreement with the experimental X‐ray crystallographic structures. These results indicate that the method can be used as a tool to support the routine structure interpretation of tin compounds by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Motility of Catalytic Nanoparticles through Self‐Generated Forces
Authors: Paxton Walter F. , Sen Ayusman , Mallouk Thomas E.
Published: July 2005

Small‐scale synthetic motors capable of generating their own motive forces by exploiting the chemical free energy of their environment represent an important step in developing practical nanomachines. Catalytic particles are capable of generating concentration and other gradients that can be used to self‐propel small objects. However, the autonomous movement of catalytic nanoparticles by self‐generated forces is a relatively unexplored area in colloid and interfacial chemistry. This paper explores the potential of catalytically self‐generated forces for propulsion of small objects through fluids.
Understanding of the Mode of Action of FeIII–EDDHA as Iron Chlorosis Corrector Based on Its Photochemical and Redox Behavior
Authors: Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Pellico Daniel , Ramírez‐López Pedro , Mancheño María J. , Romano Santiago , de la Torre María C. , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: July 2005

The very low reduction potential of the chelate FeIII–EDDHA (EDDHA= ethylenediamine N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy)phenylacetic acid) makes it unreactive in photochemically or chemically induced electron transfer processes. The lack of reactivity of this complex toward light invalidates photodegradation as an alternative mechanism for environmental elimination. However, in spite of its low reduction potential, the biological reduction of FeIII–EDDHA is very effective. Based on electrochemical measurements, it is proposed that FeIII–EDDHA itself is not the substrate of the enzyme ferric chelate reductase. Likely, at the more acidic pH in the vicinity of the roots, the ferric chelate in a closed form (FeL−) could generate a vacant coordination site that leads to an open hexacoordinate species (FeHL) where the reduction of the metal by the enzyme takes place.
Linear and Branched Phospha[n]triangulanes
Authors: Slootweg J. Chris , de Kanter Frans J. J. , Schakel Marius , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , de Meijere Armin , Lammertsma Koop
Published: August 2005

Novel, highly stable, linear and branched mono‐ and diphospha[n]triangulanes were synthesized in high yields by the CuCl‐catalyzed phosphinidene addition to spirocyclopropanated methylenecyclopropanes and bicyclopropylidenes. The effect of spirofusion on the electronic properties of these esthetically attractive phosphacycles is apparent from X‐ray single crystal structure analyses, which reveals a tightening of the phosphirane ring on additional spirocyclopropanation, and from the NMR features that show deshielded chemical shifts for the ring‐phosphorus and ‐carbon atoms. Steric factors play a role in the addition reaction when the substrate alkene carries a second sphere of spirocyclopropane rings and causes the formation of 2‐phosphabicyclo[3.2.0]heptenes in small amounts. These by‐products most probably result from addition of the [PhP(Cl)W(CO)5]‐Cu‐L (L=alkene or solvent) reagent to the spirocyclopropanated bicyclopropylidene to give an intermediate σ‐complex, which subsequently, facilitated by steric factors, undergoes a cyclopropylcarbinyl to cyclobutyl ring expansion followed by a [1,3]‐sigmatropic shift.
Phase‐Vanishing Methodology for Efficient Bromination, Alkylation, Epoxidation, and Oxidation Reactions of Organic Substrates.
Authors: Jana Nirmal K. , Verkade John G.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electronically Tuned Chiral Ruthenium Porphyrins: Extremely Stable and Selective Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation and Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht , Kaiser Patrick , Lex Johann
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization Reactions of Unsaturated α‐Bromo Oxazolidinone Imides Catalyzed by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Yang Dan , Zheng Bao‐Fu , Gu Shen , Chan Philip W. H. , Zhu Nian‐Yong
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Ru‐Based Complexes for Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis: Enhancement of Catalyst Activity Through Steric and Electronic Modifications.
Authors: Van Veldhuizen Joshua J. , Gillingham Dennis G. , Garber Steven B. , Kataoka Osamu , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lewis Acid Mediated Cyclizations of Silylated Methylenecyclopropyl Hydrazones.
Authors: Patient Lee , Berry Malcolm B. , Coles Simon J. , Hursthouse Mike B. , Kilburn Jeremy D.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Stereoselective Approach to Both 3,4‐trans‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidin‐2‐ones and Pyrrolidines. A Convenient Synthesis of (3R,4R)‐4‐Benzyl‐3‐pyrrolidinecarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Galeazzi Roberta , Martelli Gianluca , Mobbili Giovanna , Orena Mario , Panagiotaki Maria
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H/CO/Olefin Coupling Reaction of N‐Arylpyrazoles. Extraordinary Reactivity of N‐Arylpyrazoles Toward Carbonylation at C—H Bonds.
Authors: Asaumi Taku , Chatani Naoto , Matsuo Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Murai Shinji
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Pyrazoles Utilizing the N‐Alkylated 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐propargyl‐ or Allenylisoindolines.
Authors: Choi Yong Hyun , Kim Kyung Soon , Lee Sangku , Jeong Tae‐Sook , Lee Hee‐Yoon , Kim Yong Hae , Lee Woo Song
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Indolizidinones and Related Bicyclic Lactams Using Intramolecular Grubbs′ Olefin Metathesis and Dieckmann Condensation.
Authors: Hanessian Stephen , Sailes Helen , Munro Alexander , Therrien Eric
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoroadenosine from 2‐Fluoroadenine.
Authors: Ye Song , Rezende Martha M. , Deng Wei‐Ping , Kirk Kenneth L.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Conformationally Restricted Dinucleotides: Tandem Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Hydrogenation Approach
Authors: Boersting Philip , Nielsen Poul
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Hybridization Properties of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing 3′‐Deoxy‐3′‐C‐methyleneuridine
Authors: Lindegaard Dorthe , Wengel Jesper
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Dinucleoside Boranophosphates by a Boranophosphotriester Approach
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Shimizu Mamoru , Oka Natsuhisa , Saigo Kazuhiko
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Conjugates of Oligo(2′‐O‐Methylribonucleotides) with Minor Groove Binders as New Sequence‐Specific Agents Recognizing Both Grooves of Double‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Novopashina D. , Sinyakov A. , Ryabinin V. , Venyaminova A. , Boutorine A.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of 6‐Thioguanosine Phosphoramidite for Oligoribonucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Wang Yang , Lattmann Eric , Zheng Qinguo
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Properties of Endohedral Metallo‐fullerene and Its Ions
Authors: Wakahara Takatsugu , Akasaka Takeshi , Kobayashi Kaoru , Nagase Shigeru
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Redox Properties and Purification of Endohedral Metallofullerenes
Authors: Diener Michael D. , Bolskar Robert D. , Alford J. Michael
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Methods for the Synthesis of 3,4‐2H‐Dihydropyrroles (Δ1‐Pyrrolines) and Their Chemical Transformations
Authors: Shvekhgeimer M.‐G. A.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Paterno—Buechi Reaction on Furan Derivatives
Authors: D'Auria M. , Emanuele L. , Racioppi R. , Romaniello G.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dioxirane Epoxidation of Alkenes
Authors: Adam Waldemar , Saha‐Moeller Chantu R. , Zhao Cong‐Gui
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Germanium Compounds
Authors: Thomas E. J.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Life‐Prolonging Effect of Immunocell BAK (BRM‐Activated Killer) Therapy for Advanced Solid Cancer Patients: Prognostic Significance of Serum Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein Levels
Authors: Ebina Takusaburo , Ogama Naoko , Shimanuki Hiroko , Kubota Tomoka , Isono Noriko
Published: July 2005

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Ca10V5.2Fe0.8O24, A Novel Oxometalate with Discrete Complex Anions.
Authors: Klepp Kurt O. , Harringer Norbert A. , Presslinger Hubert
Published: July 2005

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Contributions to the Chemistry of Rhombohedral Perovskites (La,Sr)(Mn,Fe)O3.
Authors: Boerger Alexander , Langbein Hubert
Published: July 2005

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Silver(I) Undecafluorodiantimonate(V).
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Benkic Primoz
Published: July 2005

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The Formation and Thermal Decomposition of 4‐Hydroperoxy‐2‐hydroxy‐3,4‐6‐triisopropylcyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone.
Authors: Abakumov G. A. , Vavilina N. N. , Kurskii Yu. A. , Nevodchikov V. I. , Cherkasov V. K. , Shavyrin A. S.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Calcium Antagonist Activity of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Containing Phenylaminoimidazolyl Substituents.
Authors: Zarghi A. , Sadeghi H. , Fassihi A. , Faizi M. , Shafiee A.
Published: July 2005

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A New Carbanionic One‐Carbon Ring Enlargement—Alkylation of Lactams.
Authors: Valacchi Michela , Cabri Walter , Mordini Alessandro , De Philippis Arnault , Reginato Gianna
Published: July 2005

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Convenient Method for the Anellation of a Pyridine Ring to Azaheterocyclic Systems.
Authors: Volovenko Yu. M. , Shokol T. V.
Published: July 2005

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Inhibition of Vertebrate Telomerases by the Triphosphate Derivatives of Some Biologically Active Nucleosides
Authors: Yamaguchi Toyofumi , Takahashi Hazuki , Jinmei Hiroshi , Takayama Yuko , Saneyoshi Mineo
Published: July 2005

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Stereoselective Formation of Quaternary Carbon Centers and Related Functions
Authors: Denissova Irina , Barriault Louis
Published: July 2005

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Preparation of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds
Authors: Varvoglis Anastasios
Published: July 2005

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From Acetylenes to Aromatics: Novel Routes: Novel Products
Authors: Hopf Henning
Published: July 2005

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New Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: Wiesner Jochen , Ortmann Regina , Jomaa Hassan , Schlitzer Martin
Published: July 2005

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Spherical Sila‐ and Germa‐Homoaromaticity
Authors: Chen Zhongfang , Hirsch Andreas , Nagase Shigeru , Thiel Walter , von Rague Schleyer Paul
Published: July 2005

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Four Cytotoxic N4‐Substituted Thiosemicarbazones Derived from 2‐Hydroxynaphthalene‐1‐carboxaldehyde
Authors: Bernhardt Paul V. , Caldwell Lorraine M. , Lovejoy David B. , Richardson Des R.
Published: July 2005

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Regio‐ and Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Cyclic 2‐Alkenyl Aziridines.
Authors: Gini Francesca , Del Moro Federica , Macchia Franco , Pineschi Mauro
Published: July 2005

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Highly Enantioselective Cr(Salen)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)furan and Aldehydes. Effect of Alcohol on Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Onitsuka Satoaki , Matsuoka Yuko , Irie Ryo , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: July 2005

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Practical Synthesis of Sultams via Sulfonamide Dianion Alkylation: Application to the Synthesis of Chiral Sultams.
Authors: Lee Jaemoon , Zhong Yong‐Li , Reamer Robert A. , Askin David
Published: July 2005

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Thiomethylation of Aromatic Amines: Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Khafizova S. R. , Akhmetova V. R. , Kunakova R. V. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: July 2005

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Halogenation of Aromatic Compounds by N‐Chloro‐, N‐Bromo‐, and N‐Iodosuccinimide.
Authors: Tanemura Kiyoshi , Suzuki Tsuneo , Nishida Yoko , Satsumabayashi Koko , Horaguchi Takaaki
Published: July 2005

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Regioselective Synthesis of Cytotoxic 4‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐Substituted 2‐(5H)‐Furanones.
Authors: Bellina Fabio , Falchi Elisabetta , Rossi Renzo
Published: July 2005

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Alkyl‐Substituted Dipyrrylmethenes and Their Oxa‐ and Thia‐Analogues: “Structure—Solvation Properties” Correlations.
Authors: Semeikin A. S. , Berezin M. B. , Chernova O. M. , Antina E. V. , Syrbu S. A. , Lyubimova T. V. , Kutepov A. M.
Published: July 2005

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Characteristic Features of Nucleophilic Substitution in the Series of 4‐RSO2‐6‐nitro‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐indazoles and benzo[d]isoxazoles.
Authors: Starosotnikov A. M. , Shevelev S. A.
Published: July 2005

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Heterocyclic Ketones as Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase.
Authors: Vasudevan Anil , et al. et al.
Published: July 2005

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Naringenin Derivatives as anti‐Atherogenic Agents.
Authors: Lee Sangku , Lee Chul‐Ho , Moon Surk‐Sik , Kim Eungsoo , Kim Chul‐Tae , Kim Bang‐Hyun , Bok Song‐Hae , Jeong Tae‐Sook
Published: July 2005

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A New β‐Carbolinone Synthesis Using a Rh(II)‐Promoted [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition and Pd(0) Cross‐Coupling/Heck Cyclization Chemistry.
Authors: Harris Joel M. , Padwa Albert
Published: July 2005

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Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Elucidation of the Antitumor Agent PM‐94128.
Authors: Patel Samir K. , Murat Karine , Py Sandrine , Vallee Yannick
Published: July 2005

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Efficient Route to 2‐Deoxy β‐O‐Aryl‐D‐glycosides via Direct Displacement of Glycosyl Iodides.
Authors: Lam Son N. , Gervay‐Hague Jacquelyn
Published: July 2005

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Endcaps for Stabilizing Short DNA Duplexes
Authors: Ng Pei‐Sze , Pingle Maneesh R. , Balasundarum Ganesan , Friedman Alan , Zu Xiaolin , Bergstrom Donald E.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Recognition of DNA Polymerases of a Reactive Nucleoside for DNA Diversification
Authors: Pochet S. , Dugue L. , Strobel H.
Published: July 2005

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The Use of Triisopropylsilyl‐oxymethyl (TOM) in the Synthesis of anti‐Telomerase 2‐5A Antisense Compound RBI 011
Authors: Cramer Hagen , Rhea Rachele , Okicki Jim , Yirava Karen , Silverman Robert
Published: July 2005

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Hit‐to‐Lead Studies: The Discovery of Potent Adamantane Amide P2X7 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Baxter Andrew , et al. et al.
Published: July 2005

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Inorganic Synthesis
Authors: Endres Frank , Welton Tom
Published: July 2005

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Magnetic Domain with Non‐Spin Origin: Codon Domains in Beryllium and Silver
Authors: Hinderer J. , Jansen A. G. M.
Published: July 2005

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Solid State Chemistry at High Pressures and High Temperatures
Authors: McMillan P. F.
Published: July 2005

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Main Group Organometallics
Authors: Kallus Christopher
Published: July 2005

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Modern Synthetic Methods for Copper‐Mediated C(aryl)—O, C(aryl)—N, and C(aryl)—S Bond Formation
Authors: Ley Steven V. , Thomas Andrew W.
Published: July 2005

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Heterocycles and Alkenes: A Novel Mechanism of C—H Activation
Authors: Balskus Emily P. , Ley Steven V.
Published: July 2005

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Physical Organic Chemistry of the Gas Phase—Reactivity Trends for Organic Cations
Authors: Uggerud Einar
Published: July 2005

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Hydrogen Storage Properties of New Ternary Alloys: PrMg2Ni9 and PrMgNi4.
Authors: Xu X. , Zhou H. Y. , Zou R. P. , Zhang S. L. , Wang Z. M.
Published: August 2005

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Wavelength Dependent Phototransformation of Dibenzylideneacetonedibromide.
Authors: Chawada Shivraj Singh , Ameta Suresh C. , Jain Shubha
Published: August 2005

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Fixed dose‐rate gemcitabine infusion as first‐line treatment for advanced‐stage carcinoma of the pancreas and biliary tree
Authors: Gelibter Alain , Malaguti Paola , Di Cosimo Serena , Bria Emilio , Ruggeri Enzo Maria , Carlini Paolo , Carboni Fabio , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , Pellicciotta Mario , Giannarelli Diana , Terzoli Edmondo , Cognetti Francesco , Milella Michele
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

Gemcitabine infusion at the fixed dose rate of 10 mg/m2 per minute (FDR‐gemcitabine) has pharmacokinetic advantages and may result in improved therapeutic efficacy.

METHODS

Between April 2002 and September 2003, 40 patients with advanced‐stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC; n = 27) or biliary tree carcinoma (BTC; n = 13) were treated with weekly FDR‐gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2). The primary end point was the response rate. The secondary end points were progression‐free and overall survival (PFS and OS), tumor marker response, and clinical benefit response (CBR).

RESULTS

The overall response rate (ORR) on an intent‐to‐treat basis was 15% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4–26%). A positive CBR was obtained in 14 of 29 (48%) patients. Seventeen of 25 (68%) patients had a reduction in carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) of > 25%. The median time to treatment failure and the median PFS were 17 weeks (95% CI, 13–22 weeks) and 19 weeks (95% CI, 15–23 weeks), respectively. The median OS was 40 weeks (95% CI, 36–45 weeks) and the 1‐year actuarial survival rate was 25.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that a performance status score of 0–1 at study entry and locally advanced disease were the only independent predictors of longer PFS and OS, whereas a reduction in CA 19‐9 serum levels > 75% was an independent predictor of longer PFS, but had no impact on OS. Toxicity was mild with Grade 3–4 neutropenia (according to the National Cancer Institute‐Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) in 18 of 427 treatment weeks (4.2%), and Grade 3 anemia and thrombocytopenia in 6 of 427 treatment weeks (1.4%) and 9 of 427 treatment weeks (2.1%), respectively, and asymptomatic Grade 3–4 transaminase elevation in 21 of 427 treatment weeks (4.9%).

CONCLUSIONS

FDR‐gemcitabine at the weekly dose of 1000 mg/m2 demonstrated promising activity, despite negligible toxicity, in patients with advanced‐stage PDAC and BTC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Caspase 8 is absent or low in many ex vivo gliomas
Authors: Ashley David M. , Riffkin Christopher D. , Muscat Andrea M. , Knight Melissa J. , Kaye Andrew H. , Novak Ulrike , Hawkins Christine J.
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

Better treatments are required urgently for patients with malignant glioma, which currently is incurable. Death ligands, such as tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), may offer promise for the treatment high‐grade glioma if such ligands induce apoptotic signaling in vivo in glioma cells. Caspase 8 is required for death ligand signaling, and its levels may influence the sensitivity of glioma cells to death ligands. It also may act as a tumor suppressor protein. The authors analyzed caspase 8 expression levels in ex vivo glioma specimens and explored potential mechanisms of its regulation.

METHODS

Eleven glioblastomas, 5 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 3 low‐grade astrocytomas were studied. The levels of caspase 8, caspase 10, cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c‐FLIP), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)‐1 were assayed using quantitative immunoblotting. Caspase 8 mRNA was measured by Northern blot analysis. The methylation status of the caspase 8 gene was determined by bisulfate modification of genomic DNA, cloning, and sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric (Spearman) correlations.

RESULTS

Some ex vivo glioma samples lacked detectable caspase 8, with many expressing barely detectable levels. No tumors expressed significant amounts of caspase 10 or c‐FLIP. A strong association was found between caspase 8 mRNA and protein levels. Neither expression of the transcription factor STAT‐1 nor caspase 8 gene methylation correlated with caspase 8 levels.

CONCLUSIONS

The absence of caspase 8 protein in many resected glioma samples implied that many patients with glioma may not benefit from death ligand‐based treatments, unless caspase 8 (or caspase 10) protein expression can be elevated. Demethylating agents are unlikely to boost caspase 8 levels in glioma cells, but treatments that increase caspase 8 mRNA levels may up‐regulate expression of the protein. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Nodular fasciitis of parotid region: A pitfall in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas on fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Saad Reda S. , Takei Hidehiro , Lipscomb Jane , Ruiz Bernardo
Published: August 2005

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is routinely employed for the preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Although most cases show morphologic features characteristic of specific entities, some lesions can be diagnostically challenging. We report two parotid aspirates, initially diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on FNA. The patients, a 33‐yr‐old white man, and a 24‐yr‐old white woman, presented with indurated lesions arising in the parotid gland region. The aspirates from both patients were markedly hypercellular. Smears showed a mixture of spindle cells with a well‐demarcated cytoplasm showing occasional long cytoplasmic process; and cells with abundant cytoplasm with round to oval eccentric nuclei, giving the impression of plasmacytoid cells of pleomorphic adenoma. The nuclear chromatin was evenly distributed and finely granular with one or two occasional small nucleoli. Intermingled with the tumor cells were scattered neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. Aggregates of spindle cells were also seen embedded in a mucoid background with occasional small tufts of a fibrillar mucoid stroma. These fibrillar tufts were magenta red in the Diff‐Quik stain, giving the impression of matrix of pleomorphic adenoma. Both cases were later diagnosed on histologic examination as nodular fasciitis. Nodular fasciitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass arising in association with the parotid gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:191–194. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.