bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relative Contribution of Higher-Order Thinking in Predicting Psychological Hardiness of University Students
Authors: Abdellatif Mohamed Sayed Mohamed , Abdel-Gawad Mervat Azmy Zaki
Published: July 2020

Higher order thinking skills include critical, logical, reflective, metacognitive, and creative thinking. They are activated when individuals encounter unfamiliar problems, uncertainties, questions, or dilemmas. They play an important role in developing University students to encounter any stressful situations. This study aims at identifying the extent to which higher-order thinking degrees contribute to predicting the psychological hardiness of university students and at identifying the differences between males and females in higher-order thinking skills and psychological hardiness The higher order thinking scale (prepared by the researchers) and the psychological hardiness scale (by Mukhaimar, 1996) were completed by (485) male and female Minia University students. The current research adopted the descriptive research approach. According to the statistical analysis, results revealed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between higher-order thinking and psychological hardiness among the study sample and there were no statistically significant differences between males and females in higher-order thinking. In addition, higher-order thinking skills contributed holistically in predicting the psychological hardiness among the university students. This study recommended that higher order thinking skills should be an integral part of higher education. Lastly, this study offers specific suggestions for higher education stakeholders.
Rapid Detection and Identification Systems for the Microbiological Assessment of Processed Soy Foods: A Review
Authors: Katase Mitsuru , Tsumura Kazunobu
Published: July 2020

Plant-based diets are gaining interest in promoting physical and environmental health worldwide. The widely growing consumption of processed soy foods results in an increased demand for safe and high quality soy foods. Many of the rapid bacterial detection methods currently available are inhibited by components in the food matrixes. In recent years, high-throughput devices have been developed, which aid in the enumeration and evaluation of microorganisms in processed soy foods (automated fluorescent filter method, high-throughput identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and automated most probable number method). These methods are more rapid and convenient compared to the conventional culture method. This review discusses alternate reliable methods for the microbiological assessment of processed soy foods, which guarantees the safety of the food delivered for consumption.
Estudo do Coeﬁciente de Difusão Secundária em Problema de Difusão com Fluxo Bimodal
Authors: Lugon Jr. J. , Rodrigues P. P. G. W. , Bevilacqua L. , Marinho G. M. , Knupp D. C. , Vasconcellos J. F. V. , Silva Neto A. J.
Published: July 2020

Uma formulação recentemente desenvolvida para o problema de difusão anômala com termo de quarta ordem apresentou em determinadas situações particulares valores negativos na solução. Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo do efeito coeﬁciente de difusão secundária visando contribuir para o entendimento do comportamento das soluções nestas situações. Foi implementada uma função para representar a variação na parcela sujeita a difusão primária e secundária, de acordo com a quantidade da propriedade em difusão. Os resultados obtidos são compatíveis com aqueles apresentados em trabalhos anteriores na literatura.
On Euler-Lagrange's Equations: A New Approach
Authors: Giacaglia G. E. O. , Lamas W. Q.
Published: July 2020

A new formalism is proposed to study the dynamics of mechanical systems composed of N connected rigid bodies, by introducing the concept of $6N$-dimensional composed vectors. The approach is based on previous works by the authors where a complete formalism was developed by means of differential geometry, linear algebra, and dynamical systems usual concepts. This new formalism is a method for the description of mechanical systems as a whole and not as each separate part. Euler-Lagrange's Equations are easily obtained by means of this formalism.
On the Exact Boundary Control for the Linear Klein-Gordon Equation in Non-cylindrical Domains
Authors: Nunes R. S. O.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study an exact boundary controllability problem in noncylindrical domains for the linear Klein-Gordon equation. Here, we work near of the extension techniques presented By J. Lagnese in [12] which is based in the Russell’s controllability method. The control time is obtained in any time greater then the value of the diameter of the domain on which the initial data are supported. The control is square integrable and acts on whole boundary and it is given by conormal derivative associated with the above-referenced wave operator.
Expenses for own housing purpses on an example
of interpretations issued and case law of administrative
courts
Authors: Czerwińska-Sabała Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

The subject of this article is the analysis of title to housing relief including the interpretation of applicable law
taking into account expenses for own housing purposes. The analysis is conducted on the basis of interpretations
issued and case law of administrative courts.
A Study on the Effects of Polite Yawning Technique on Rehabilitation of Olfaction After Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Khadivi Ehsan , Khazaeni Kamran , Vazifeh Mostaan Leila , Salehi Maryam , Vakili Iraj , Javadinia Seyed Alireza , Ahmadi Ahmadreza
Published: July 2020

Background: Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers for which total laryngectomy is the preferred treatment in advanced stages. Major disabilities of this surgical procedure include loss of voice and nasal function, swallowing difficulties, and psychological consequences. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Polite Yawning technique on olfactory quality in patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after total laryngectomy, the patients with olfactory dysfunction were enrolled and the quality of olfaction was evaluated by the Quick Odor Detection test before and after receiving the Nasal Airflow Inducing Maneuver technique training. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software by the Wilcoxon or McNemar’s test. The significance level was considered for P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 40 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 55.98 ± 6.27 years. Eighty-five percent of the patients were male (n = 34). The difficulty score in learning maneuvering was 2.5 ± 1.3, and 90% had no problem with learning it. Before maneuver, none of the patients had normal olfaction and had hyposmia mostly (n = 32, 80%). Immediately after the maneuver, there was a sensation of smell in all patients and the rate of hyposmia in patients was reduced to 65% (P = 0.008). Normal olfactory status was reported in half of the patients one month after the maneuver (21 patients, 52.5%, P = 0.0001), and there was a sense of smell in all patients (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The results proved that olfactory quality can be rehabilitated after laryngectomy by the nasal airflow-inducing maneuver (the “Polite Yawning” technique). It is a patient-friendly method; however, a single training session is probably insufficient and most patients may need more training sessions.
Entrevista a Leslie Robertson: la forma del rascacielos: el diálogo entre arquitecto e ingeniero
Authors: Gascón Eduard
Published: July 2020

La entrevista objeto de esta nota introductoria fue realizada en 1994, muy anterior, por lo tanto, al atentado de las Torres Gemelas. Durante esos años, trabajé como arquitecto local en un proyecto liderado por I.M.Pei para una importante institución financiera. La obra nunca fue ejecutada, pero la prolongada elaboración del proyecto me permitió establecer una intensa amistad tanto con Pei como con Robertson. Coincidió esa época con un interés personal en los edificios altos, por lo que el descubrimiento del Bank of China de la mano de sus autores me dio pie a estudiar en profundidad un rascacielos que, todavía hoy, constituye, uno de esos grandes momentos de la arquitectura en los que una tecnología de vanguardia permite formular nuevas hipótesis estructurales y figurativas aplicadas, en este caso, a la construcción en altura.
La iglesia de Santa María del Mar de Jávea: 50 años de un edificio de hormigón excepcional
Authors: Rueda Arriete Rafael
Published: July 2020

La iglesia de Santa María del Mar se levanta en el barrio de Duanes de la Mar, antiguo poblado de pescadores de la localidad costera de Jávea, en Alicante. Inaugurada en junio de 1967, se trata de un importante ejemplo de arquitectura religiosa de vanguardia. Su estructura, de hormigón armado ejecutado in situ, está constituida en su perímetro por 12 soportes-muro y 12 pilastras exteriores, soportando estas últi-mas tanto las cargas de los soportes-muro como las de la cubierta (la cual, vista desde su parte inferior, recuerda el casco de un barco). Este hormigón que conforma la estructura es el mismo que da forma al edifi cio y que constituye los cerramientos, sin más elementos adicionales, haciendo gala dicho edifi cio de una gran ‘sinceridad constructiva’ y destacando por su belleza, así como por el cuidado en el acabado de los paramentos de los distintos elementos constructivos, conseguidos mediante la combinación de diversas texturas.

The church of Santa María del Mar is located on the neighborhood of Duanes del Mar, old fishing village in the coastal town of Jávea, in Alicante. Unveiled in June, 1967, it is a notable example of religious architecture on the leading edge. It was designed by the architect’s firm GO-DB, which is leaded by the architects Fernando Martínez García- Ordóñez and Juan María Dexeus Beatty, in partnership with the civil engineer Claudio Gómez-Perretta, who is the author of the structural calculus. The structure, which is made of reinforced concrete executed in situ, consists of 12 weight bearing walls and 12 external pilasters. These pilasters support the weight bearing walls as well as the roof, which seen from below, reminds of the hull of a ship. The same concrete that defines the structure, also shapes the building itself, as well as the enclosure, without any additional elements, standing out because of its beauty and the finishing of the wall coverings, achieved by the combination of different textures.
Pasarela para peatones: Parque de Vallparadís, Terrassa
Authors: Riera Pere , Gutierrez Josep Maria
Published: July 2020

El proyecto consiste en una pasarela para peatones en Terrassa (Barcelona) que une el antiguo pueblo de Sant Pere con el barrio de Vallparadís, haciendo la conexión entre el Conjunto Monumental de las Iglesias de Sant Pere de Terrassa y el Museo, que actúa como centro de interpretación de las mismas, situado en la otra orilla del Parque de Vallparadís. Todo ello se enmarca dentro de una serie de actuaciones previstas en el Plan Director del Conjunto Monumental. La pasarela salva una luz libre de 90 metros y tiene una anchura de 2,70 metros y un canto de sólo 28 cm (L/286). Responde al esquema estructural de banda tesa de hormigón con una flecha central de 1,67 metros (L/48) y un desnivel entre puntos de arranque de la banda de 1,80 metros. “Los primeros puentes abastecidos por el hombre para superar grandes luces seguían la forma de la catenaria, la tipología del puente colgante. Todavía hoy en día cuando es necesario superar una gran luz, el único esquema posible es el del puente colgante: San Francisco, Lisboa...

The project consists of a pedestrian walkway in Terrassa (Barcelona) that connects the old town of Sant Pere with the Vallparadís neighborhood, making the connection between the Monumental Ensemble of the Churches of Sant Pere de Terrassa and the Museum, which acts as a center of interpretation of the same, located on the other bank of the Parque de Vallparadís.
Los bordes de la ciudad metropolitana: apuntes para repensar la ciudad
Authors: Galindo González Julián , Giocoli Annalisa
Published: July 2020

Cuando hablamos de territorio metropolitano e intentamos definir los elementos

que lo constituyen recurrimos a menudo a las tres categorías tradicionales de la disciplina

urbanística que son: los asentamientos urbanos, las redes infraestructurales

y el conjunto de los espacios abiertos. Sin embargo hay una categoría de espacios,

no reconocida como tal, que se sitúa entre unos y otros, son los bordes, espacios de

contacto entre lo urbano y lo rural.

En primer lugar el artículo invita a reconocer los bordes urbanos como una nueva

categoría proyectual que nos permita alejarnos por un lado de la connotación negativa

del término de margen urbano y por otro, superar la tradicional antinomia

ciudad campo propia del concepto de periurbano.

En segunda instancia el artículo manifiesta la creciente preocupación sobre la sostenibilidad

de los ámbitos metropolitanos poniendo énfasis en uno de los espacios de

borde más sensibles del entorno metropolitano, los espacios agrícolas.

La hipótesis que se defiende es que para proteger la biodiversidad metropolitana es

necesario encontrar herramientas de gestión más que desarrollar herramientas de

control legislativo o reglamentación. La experiencia de Londres es un buen ejemplo

de esa actitud positivista que debería ser motivo de reflexión para pensar nuestro

entorno metropolitano

When we refer to metropolitan territory and try to define its constituent elements, we often rely on

the three traditional categories of urban discipline:

Urban Settlements; Infrastructure Networks; and the collection of Open Spaces

However, there is a category of spaces that does not fall into any of these, and that includes them

at the same time, they are the edges, the areas of contact between the urban and the rural domain

In the first place, the article proposes that we recognize urban edges as a new project category that

allows us to move away from the negative connotation of the term urban margin and to overcome

the traditional town-country antithesis produced by the peri-urban concept.

Secondly, this article shows the increasing concern about the sustainability of metropolitan areas

placing emphasizing on one of the most sensitive border spaces in the metropolitan area: Agricultural

Spaces.

The hypothesis defended is that it is necessary to find more management tools for the protection of

metropolitan biodiversity rather than to develop tools for legislative or regulatory control. The case

of London is a good example of the positivist attitude that should make us rethink how we conceive

our metropolitan environment.
Construir ciudad en territorios urbanizados: análisis de la transformación urbanística de la primera periferia de Barcelona durante el último cuarto del siglo XX
Authors: Arteaga Arredondo Isabel
Published: July 2020

Este artículo sintetiza el proceso de investigación de la tesis doctoral que la

autora llevó a cabo sobre la transformación urbanística de la primera periferia

de Barcelona. Como un referente de estas transformaciones en la ciudad europea

durante del último cuarto del siglo xx, Barcelona se reconoce como un

caso significativo pues su última transformación se apoya en diversos programas

y proyectos llevados a cabo en diferentes momentos pero bajo una misma

coordinación técnica conducida por el ayuntamiento. El objetivo de la

investigación fue llevar a cabo un análisis urbanístico de esta transformación,

que diera cuenta de los cambios de la realidad urbana a partir de proyectos

de diversa naturaleza y escala, en un ámbito urbano heterogéneo y deficitario

como lo es la primera periferia.

This article summarizes the research process of the thesis that the author conducted

on the urban transformation of the first outskirts of Barcelona. As a benchmark

of these transformations in European city during the last quarter of the twentieth

century, Barcelona is recognized as a significant case because his last transformation is supported by various programs and projects carried out at different times

but under the same technical coordination conducted by City Hall. The aim of

the research was to conduct an analysis of this urban transformation, to account

for the changes of urban reality from projects of different nature and scale, and a

deficit in a heterogeneous urban environment as it is the first periphery
Tornant al futur: un altra mirada per la transformació urbana contemporània
Authors: Peremiquel Lluch Francisco
Published: July 2020

En un moment de profunda incertesa, mirar enrere podria ajudar-nos a anar

endavant. Alguns elements de la transformació urbana del passat recent permeten

plantejar-se algunes línies d’actuació futures. La situació que vivim no

és nova, però això no significa que siguin les solucions passades la resposta

literal als desafiaments presents. La referència a alguns fets succeïts entre els

anys 1980 i 2010, permet encarar algunes de les qüestions que la nova urbanística

hauria d’incorporar, tant des del punt de vista preventiu com propositiu.

El que es planteja és una mirada intencionada al passat, fent memòria

per extreure algunes línies estratègiques d’actuació futura.

At a time of deep uncertainty, looking back could help us move forward. Some

elements of the urban transformation of the recent past can give some future lines

of action. The situation in which we live is not new, but it does not mean that the

solutions of the past are the answers to the challenges of the present. The reference

to some events that occurred between 1980 and 2010, can face some of the issues

that the new planning should incorporate both from the preventive point of view

and propositional. What is proposed is a deliberate look into the past, remembering to draw some strategic lines of future performance
Turismo, paisaje y terrazas de cultivo
Authors: Sabaté Bel Joaquín
Published: July 2020

The present article focuses on the relationship between landscape, land use management and tourism. It begins by discussing three widely-accepted theoretical premises and frames the discussion in the context of a specific case study: the island of Tenerife’s land use management plan (PIOT)

Este artículo pretende centrar su reflexión en la relación entre paisaje, ordenación del territorio y producto turístico. Para hacerlo discutiremos de entrada tres premisas teóricas comúnmente aceptadas e intentaremos ejemplificar dicha discusión con la explicación de un caso de estudio concreto, el Plan Insular de Ordenación del Territorio de Tenerife, PIOT en adelante.
La función comercial en Ciutat Vella: especialización, clonación y expulsión de lo cotidiano
Authors: Ponsatí Caño Pere
Published: July 2020

El casco antiguo de Barcelona cuenta con un sistema comercial resultado de muchos

siglos de evolución. La relación del sistema con su estructura urbana y el tipo

de calle que le da soporte es profunda y ha dado lugar a áreas de concentración comercial

muy intensas con un altísimo grado de especialización. Los nuevos modelos

comerciales importados y la tematización turística sobre el tejido urbano tradicional

han expulsado el comercio de proximidad, están transformando un paisaje urbano

histórico y han modificado el precario equilibrio funcional del ámbito. ¿Es posible

vivir con normalidad en el casco antiguo?

A largely and historically extended commercial system is a characteristic of Barcelona’s

historic center. The persistent and profound relationship between the

system, urban structure, and its streets nature, had led to the formation of an

intense commercial concentration along high levels of specialization. The new

imported retail models and the “touristification” of traditional urban displaced

the local commerce, modifying among others, the historical urban landscapes

and its problematic functional balance. Is it possible to perform our usual daily

routines in the old town?
Ciutat Vella, Ciudad Bella
Authors: Peremiquel Lluch Francisco
Published: July 2020

Ciutat Vella, como muchos centros históricos, ha visto reducirse el número de

habitantes casi de manera tan rápida a como se ha ido produciendo la transformación

del tejido urbano. Los que van quedando van siendo relegados a los

fragmentos menos habitables del tejido. El vaciado físico y funcional, clave en el

éxito de la transformación, ha ido fragmentando el tejido en partes y aislándolas

entre sí. Y los habitantes, cada vez más, lo son de paso, sobre todo turistas.

La habitabilidad necesaria en la vivienda y en la calle (espacio urbano) ha de ser

un objetivo imprescindible de cualquier acción urbanística. La belleza de Ciutat

Vella radica precisamente en la posibilidad de ser un espacio habitable y habitado,

sano, eficiente y equitativo. La continuidad espacial y el equilibrio funcional

son factores esenciales, para mantener el carácter del lugar, su identidad y la vida

cotidiana de quien vive y trabaja. Lo contrario es lo que en términos pictóricos

denominaríamos naturaleza muerta.

Ciutat Vella, like many historic centers, has seen the population decline almost as rapidly

as the transformation of the urban fabric. Those that remain are being relegated

to the less habitable fragments of the fabric. The physical and functional emptying,

key to the success of the transformation, has been fragmenting the tissue into parts and

isolating them from each other. And the inhabitants, more and more, are passing by,

especially tourists.

The habitability required in housing and in the street (urban space) must be an essential

objective of any urban action. The beauty of Ciutat Vella lies precisely in the

possibility of being a livable and inhabited space, healthy, efficient and equitable.

Spatial continuity and functional balance are essential factors to maintain the character

of the place, its identity and the daily life of those who live and work. The opposite

is what in pictorial terms we would call still life.
En torno a la posible inconstitucionalidad del apartado primero del artículo 57 de la Constitución española de 1978
Authors: Mellado Prado Pilar , Gómez Sánchez Yolanda
Published: July 2020

-
XI Congreso del Partido Comunista de España
Authors: Castillo Vera Pilar del
Published: July 2020

-
Libertad de expresión y derecho de rectificación en la Constitución Española de 1978
Authors: Carrillo Marc
Published: July 2020

-
Referéndum nacional sobre la permanencia española en la Alianza Atlántica
Authors: Mellado Prado Pilar
Published: July 2020

-
Sobre el régimen jurídico-constitucional de los partidos políticos
Authors: Jiménez Campo Javier
Published: July 2020

-
Elecciones en los Landers alemanes
Authors: García-Atance María Victoria
Published: July 2020

-
Bibliografía sobre las relaciones familiares
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

-
XXXI Congreso Federal del P.S.O.E
Authors: Mellado Prado Pilar
Published: July 2020

-
Plebiscito en Chile y elecciones en Estados Unidos
Authors: Mellado Prado Pilar
Published: July 2020

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Las libertades públicas como grupo de derechos con características propias no susceptible de ser confundido con los restantes derechos constitucionales
Authors: Sánchez Férriz Remedios
Published: July 2020

-
Elecciones en Holanda, septiembre 1989
Authors: Tenorio Sánchez Pedro J.
Published: July 2020

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Elecciones en Noruega, septiembre 1989
Authors: Tenorio Sánchez Pedro J.
Published: July 2020

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La función política de los jueces
Authors: Medina Rubio Ricardo
Published: July 2020

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Notas sobre la estructura constitucional del Estado español.
Authors: Balaguer Callejón Francisco
Published: July 2020

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Recidivism risk and criminogenic needs of individuals who perpetrated intimate partner sexual violence offenses
Authors: Sparks Brandon , Wielinga Farron , Jung Sandy , Olver Mark E.
Published: July 2020

Despite the common occurrence of sexual violence in intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with increased risk of intimate partner homicide, intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is often overlooked in the literature. As a result, little is known about risk factors that may be unique to IPSV perpetrators. The present study utilizes a police-reported sample to compare the risk/need profiles of 36 IPSV and 36 IPV perpetrators by creating theoretically meaningful risk composites as proxies for a number of the central eight risk/need areas posited by Andrews and Bonta (2010, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018362). Results indicate that the risk/need profiles of the IPSV group are more severe than the IPV group, with higher scores in measures of substance abuse, relationship instability, sexual aggression, and mental health concerns. Potential implications for IPSV assessment and intervention at the level of policing and correctional programming are discussed, including the need for higher intensity treatments and the treatment of non-criminogenic needs.
Post-Soviet research in Turkey
Authors: Chikrizova Olga Sergeevna , Purbayram Elvira Mehmanovna
Published: July 2020

This article is dedicated to peculiarities of studying post-Soviet space by think tanks of the Republic of Turkey. It is described how it is accepted in the works of Turkish authors to nominate the countries comprising the post-Soviet space, the subregions this geopolitical areal is divided into, as well as the most relevant Soviet problems explored by the Turkish scholars. For realization of the set goal, the authors firstly determined the circle of think tanks dealing with the problematic of post-Soviet space, and secondly examined the reports and publications provided by their experts in order to define a range of terms used in these works for designating the “post-Soviet space”. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to analyzes the publications of the Turkish think tanks, namely for the purpose of determination and systematization of concepts that characterize the post-Soviet space. The research involves a significant volume of reports and publications in the Turkish and English languages for maximum coverage of the works dedicated to post-Soviet problematic. A tight connection is established between Turkey’s foreign policy priorities and problems viewed in reports of the think tanks. The acquired results allow to deeper understand the motives determining the vector of Turkey’s foreign policy in separate post-Soviet republics, as well as underline the divergence in views of the Turkish and Russian authors upon the problematic of post-Soviet space.
Host sirtuin 2 as an immunotherapeutic target against tuberculosis
Authors: Bhaskar Ashima , Kumar Santosh , Khan Mehak Zahoor , Singh Amit , Dwivedi Ved Prakash , Nandicoori Vinay Kumar
Published: July 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs plethora of mechanisms to hijack the host defence machinery for its successful survival, proliferation and persistence. Here, we show that Mtb upregulates one of the key epigenetic modulators, NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), which upon infection translocate to the nucleus and deacetylates histone H3K18, thus modulating the host transcriptome leading to enhanced macrophage activation. Furthermore, in Mtb specific T cells, SIRT2 deacetylates NFκB-p65 at K310 to modulate T helper cell differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 restricts the intracellular growth of both drug-sensitive and resistant strains of Mtb and enhances the efficacy of front line anti-TB drug Isoniazid in the murine model of infection. SIRT2 inhibitor-treated mice display reduced bacillary load, decreased disease pathology and increased Mtb-specific protective immune responses. Overall, this study provides a link between Mtb infection, epigenetics and host immune response, which can be exploited to achieve therapeutic benefits.
α-synuclein strains that cause distinct pathologies differentially inhibit proteasome
Authors: Suzuki Genjiro , Imura Sei , Hosokawa Masato , Katsumata Ryu , Nonaka Takashi , Hisanaga Shin-Ichi , Saeki Yasushi , Hasegawa Masato
Published: July 2020

Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation has been implicated in several diseases and is known to spread in a prion-like manner. There is a relationship between protein aggregate structure (strain) and clinical phenotype in prion diseases, however, whether differences in the strains of α-synuclein aggregates account for the different pathologies remained unclear. Here, we generated two types of α-synuclein fibrils from identical monomer and investigated their seeding and propagation ability in mice and primary-cultured neurons. One α-synuclein fibril induced marked accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein and ubiquitinated protein aggregates, while the other did not, indicating the formation of α-synuclein two strains. Notably, the former α-synuclein strain inhibited proteasome activity and co-precipitated with 26S proteasome complex. Further examination indicated that structural differences in the C-terminal region of α-synuclein strains lead to different effects on proteasome activity. These results provide a possible molecular mechanism to account for the different pathologies induced by different α-synuclein strains.
Studying the biology of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo with a fluorescent granzyme B-mTFP knock-in mouse
Authors: Chitirala Praneeth , Chang Hsin-Fang , Martzloff Paloma , Harenberg Christiane , Ravichandran Keerthana , Abdulreda Midhat H , Berggren Per-Olof , Krause Elmar , Schirra Claudia , Leinders-Zufall Trese , Benseler Fritz , Brose Nils , Rettig Jens
Published: July 2020

Understanding T cell function in vivo is of key importance for basic and translational immunology alike. To study T cells in vivo, we developed a new knock-in mouse line, which expresses a fusion protein of granzyme B, a key component of cytotoxic granules involved in T cell-mediated target cell-killing, and monomeric teal fluorescent protein from the endogenousGzmblocus. Homozygous knock-ins, which are viable and fertile, have cytotoxic T lymphocytes with endogeneously fluorescent cytotoxic granules but wild-type-like killing capacity. Expression of the fluorescent fusion protein allows quantitative analyses of cytotoxic granule maturation, transport and fusion in vitro with super-resolution imaging techniques, and two-photon microscopy in living knock-ins enables the visualization of tissue rejection through individual target cell-killing events in vivo. Thus, the new mouse line is an ideal tool to study cytotoxic T lymphocyte biology and to optimize personalized immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Periodic propagating waves coordinate RhoGTPase network dynamics at the leading and trailing edges during cell migration
Authors: Bolado-Carrancio Alfonso , Rukhlenko Oleksii S , Nikonova Elena , Tsyganov Mikhail A , Wheeler Anne , Garcia-Munoz Amaya , Kolch Walter , von Kriegsheim Alex , Kholodenko Boris N
Published: July 2020

Migrating cells need to coordinate distinct leading and trailing edge dynamics but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we combine experiments and mathematical modeling to elaborate the minimal autonomous biochemical machinery necessary and sufficient for this dynamic coordination and cell movement. RhoA activates Rac1 via DIA and inhibits Rac1 via ROCK, while Rac1 inhibits RhoA through PAK. Our data suggest that in motile, polarized cells, RhoA–ROCK interactions prevail at the rear, whereas RhoA-DIA interactions dominate at the front where Rac1/Rho oscillations drive protrusions and retractions. At the rear, high RhoA and low Rac1 activities are maintained until a wave of oscillatory GTPase activities from the cell front reaches the rear, inducing transient GTPase oscillations and RhoA activity spikes. After the rear retracts, the initial GTPase pattern resumes. Our findings show how periodic, propagating GTPase waves coordinate distinct GTPase patterns at the leading and trailing edge dynamics in moving cells.
Antimicrobial stewardship in remote primary healthcare across northern Australia
Authors: Cuningham Will , Anderson Lorraine , Bowen Asha C. , Buising Kirsty , Connors Christine , Daveson Kathryn , Martin Joanna , McNamara Stacey , Patel Bhavini , James Rodney , Shanks John , Wright Kerr , Yarwood Trent , Tong Steven YC , McVernon Jodie
Published: July 2020

Background

The high burden of infectious disease and associated antimicrobial use likely contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in remote Australian Aboriginal communities. We aimed to develop and apply context-specific tools to audit antimicrobial use in the remote primary healthcare setting.

Methods

We adapted the General Practice version of the National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (GP NAPS) tool to audit antimicrobial use over 2–3 weeks in 15 remote primary healthcare clinics across the Kimberley region of Western Australia (03/2018–06/2018), Top End of the Northern Territory (08/2017–09/2017) and far north Queensland (05/2018–06/2018). At each clinic we reviewed consecutive clinic presentations until 30 presentations where antimicrobials had been used were included in the audit. Data recorded included the antimicrobials used, indications and treating health professional. We assessed the appropriateness of antimicrobial use and functionality of the tool.

Results

We audited the use of 668 antimicrobials. Skin and soft tissue infections were the dominant treatment indications (WA: 35%; NT: 29%; QLD: 40%). Compared with other settings in Australia, narrow spectrum antimicrobials like benzathine benzylpenicillin were commonly given and the appropriateness of use was high (WA: 91%; NT: 82%; QLD: 65%). While the audit was informative, non-integration with practice software made the process manually intensive.

Conclusions

Patterns of antimicrobial use in remote primary care are different from other settings in Australia. The adapted GP NAPS tool functioned well in this pilot study and has the potential for integration into clinical care. Regular stewardship audits would be facilitated by improved data extraction systems.
Transcriptional shifts in delignification‐defective mutants of the white‐rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Wu Hongli , Nakazawa Takehito , Takenaka Atsuki , Kodera Rina , Morimoto Ryota , Sakamoto Masahiro , Honda Yoichi
Published: July 2020

White‐rot fungi efficiently degrade lignin and, thus, play a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle. However, the mechanisms of lignin degradation are largely unknown. Recently, mutations in four genes, namely wtr1, chd1, pex1, and gat1, were shown to abrogate the wood lignin‐degrading ability of Pleurotus ostreatus. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify genes that are differentially expressed in ligninolysis‐deficient mutant strains. Putative ligninolytic genes that are highly expressed in parental strains are significantly downregulated in the mutant strains. On the contrary, many putative cellulolytic and xylanolytic genes are upregulated in the chd1‐1, Δpex1, and Δgat1 strains. Identifying transcriptional alterations in mutant strains could provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of lignocellulolytic genes in P. ostreatus.
The Biochemical Literacy Framework: Inviting pedagogical innovation in higher education
Authors: Evans Danielle L. , Bailey Sarah G. , Thumser Alfred E. , Trinder Sarah L. , Winstone Naomi E. , Bailey Ian G.
Published: July 2020

When developing meaningful curricula, institutions must engage with the desired disciplinary attributes of their graduates. Successfully employed in several areas, including psychology and chemistry, disciplinary literacies provide structure for the development of core competencies‐pursuing progressive education. To this end, we have sought to develop a comprehensive blueprint of a graduate biochemist, providing detailed insight into the development of skills in the context of disciplinary knowledge. The Biochemical Literacy Framework (BCLF) aspires to encourage innovative course design in both the biochemical field and beyond through stimulating discussion among individuals developing undergraduate biochemistry degree courses based on pedagogical best practice. Here, we examine the concept of biochemical literacy aiming to start answering the question: What must individuals do and know to approach and transform ideas in the context of the biochemical sciences? The BCLF began with the guidance published by relevant learned societies – including the Royal Society of Biology, the Biochemical Society, the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Quality Assurance Agency, before considering relevant pedagogical literature. We propose that biochemical literacy is comprised of seven key skills: critical thinking, self‐management, communication, information literacy, visual literacy, practical skills and content knowledge. Together, these form a dynamic, highly interconnected and interrelated meta‐literacy supporting the use of evidence‐based, robust learning techniques. The BCLF is intended to form the foundation for discussion between colleagues, in addition to forming the groundwork for both pragmatic and exploratory future studies into facilitating and further defining biochemical literacy.
Clinical and Radiographic Features of Giant Cell Arteritis With Intracranial Involvement
Authors: Sanchez‐Alvarez Catalina , Hawkins Alexander S. , Koster Matthew J. , Lehman Vance T. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Warrington Kenneth J.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large‐vessel vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its branches. Extracranial branches of the carotid artery are frequently affected; however, intracranial involvement in GCA is rare.

Methods

A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify all patients with intracranial GCA (IC‐GCA) from January 1996 through May 2018.

Results

Nine patients with IC‐GCA were included (78% male; mean age, 72.1 years [SD: 7.9]). All patients met ACR criteria for GCA. The median time from onset of GCA to intracranial involvement was 0.6 months (interquartile range: 0.1‐5.1). All patients had neurologic symptoms, 89% had an ischemic cerebrovascular event. Transient or permanent vision loss was frequent (56% of patients). IC‐GCA was diagnosed by cranial imaging in all nine patients. Intracranial vasculitis most commonly affected the internal carotid artery (100%), followed by the vertebral artery (67%), posterior cerebral artery (67%), middle cerebral artery (44%), anterior cerebral artery (33%), and posterior inferior cerebral artery (11%). Intracranial vessel stenosis was present in 89%, occlusion in 33%, wall thickening in 33%, and dilation in 11%.

All patients received glucocorticoids. Additional therapeutic agents included cyclophosphamide (67%) and tocilizumab (22%). Despite treatment, five patients had rapid deterioration and mortality. Comparing IC‐GCA patient survival to the expected rates from the US population, the standardized mortality ratio (95% CI) for IC‐GCA was 58.1 (18.9‐135.6).

Conclusion

Although rare, IC‐GCA is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It occurs predominantly in men and presents with ischemic cerebrovascular events. Current treatment strategies appear to be of limited efficacy for IC‐GCA.
The Utility of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in Patients With Clinical Suspicion of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Prospective, Observational, and Cross‐sectional Study
Authors: Emamifar Amir , Ellingsen Torkell , Hess Søren , Gerke Oke , Hviid Larsen Rasmus , Ahangarani Farahani Ziba , Syrak Hansen Per , Jensen Hansen Inger Marie , Petersen Henrik , Marcussen Niels , Dahlstrøm Michael , Toftegaard Pia , Thye‐Rønn Peter
Published: July 2020

Objective

To define the proportions of agreement between fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), clinical diagnosis, and temporal artery biopsy (TAB) in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA). Furthermore, the association of 18F‐FDG PET/CT uptake patterns and clinical presentation of newly diagnosed PMR and GCA was investigated.

Methods

Eighty patients newly suspected of having PMR, GCA, or concomitant PMR and GCA were included and followed for 40 weeks. Every patient underwent an 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan before or within 3 days of initiation of steroids in case of GCA. FDG uptakes in 8 paired articular/periarticular sites and 14 arterial segments were evaluated based on a 4‐point visual grading scale.

Results

Of the 80 patients (female: 50 [62.5%]; mean age ± SD: 72.0 ± 7.9), 64 (80.0%) patients were diagnosed with pure PMR, 3 (3.7%) with pure GCA, and 10 (12.5%) with concomitant PMR and GCA. Additionally, three (3.7%) patients were diagnosed with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis during the follow‐up period. For the diagnosis of PMR, 18F‐FDG PET/CT had a proportion of agreement of 75.3 (64.2‐84.4), compared with clinical diagnosis. When comparing findings of 18F‐FDG PET/CT with TAB, 18F‐FDG PET/CT had a proportion of agreement of 93.0 (84.3‐97.7) in all included patients and 69.2 (38.6‐90.9) in the subgroup of patients with vasculitis. C‐reactive protein was significantly higher in patients with PMR activity on 18F‐FDG PET/CT compared with those without 18F‐FDG PET/CT activity (P value = 0.006).

Conclusions

18F‐FDG PET/CT is a powerful imaging technique in PMR and GCA that was in good agreement with clinical diagnosis and TAB.
Reactivity with Water and Bulk Ruthenium Redox of Lithium Ruthenate in Basic Solutions
Authors: Rao Reshma R. , Tułodziecki Michał , Han Binghong , Risch Marcel , Abakumov Artem , Yu Yang , Karayaylali Pinar , Gauthier Magali , Escudero‐Escribano María , Orikasa Yuki , Shao‐Horn Yang
Published: July 2020

The reactivity of water with Li‐rich layered Li2RuO3 and partial exchange of Li2O with H2O within the structure is studied under aqueous (electro)chemical conditions. Upon slow delithiation in water over long time periods, micron‐sized Li2RuO3 particles structurally transform from an O3 structure to an O1 structure with a corresponding loss of 1.25 Li ions per formula unit. The O1 stacking of the honeycomb Ru layers is imaged using high‐resolution high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the resulting structure is solved by X‐ray powder diffraction and electron diffraction. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy suggests that reversible oxidation/reduction of bulk Ru sites is realized on potential cycling between 0.4 and 1.25 VRHE in basic solutions. In addition to surface redox pseudocapacitance, the partially delithiated phase of Li2RuO3 shows high capacity, which can be attributed to bulk Ru redox in the structure. This work demonstrates that the interaction of aqueous electrolytes with Li‐rich layered oxides can result in the formation of new phases with (electro)chemical properties that are distinct from the parent material. This understanding is important for the design of aqueous batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and chemically stable cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries.
Climbing Plant‐Inspired Micropatterned Devices for Reversible Attachment
Authors: Fiorello Isabella , Tricinci Omar , Naselli Giovanna Adele , Mondini Alessio , Filippeschi Carlo , Tramacere Francesca , Mishra Anand Kumar , Mazzolai Barbara
Published: July 2020

Climbing plants have evolved over millions of years and have adapted to unpredictable scenarios in unique ways. These crucial features make plants an outstanding biological model for scientists and engineers. Inspired by the ratchet‐like attachment mechanism of the hook‐climber Galium aparine, a novel micropatterned flexible mechanical interlocker is fabricated using a 3D direct laser lithography technique. The artificial hooks are designed based on a morphometric analysis of natural hooks. They are characterized in terms of pull‐off and shear forces, both in an array and as individual hooks. The microprinted hooks array shows high values of pull‐off forces (up to F⊥ ≈ 0.4 N cm−2) and shear forces (up to F// ≈ 13.8 N cm−2) on several rough surfaces (i.e., abrasive materials, fabrics, and artificial skin tissues). The contact separation forces of individual artificial hooks are estimated when loads with different orientations are applied (up to F ≈ 0.26 N). In addition, a patterned tape with directional microhooks is integrated into a mobile platform to demonstrate its climbing ability on inclined surfaces of up to 45°. This research opens up new opportunities for prototyping the next generation of mechanical interlockers, particularly for soft‐ and microrobotics, the textile industry, and biomedical fields.
An Acoustic Meta‐Skin Insulator
Authors: Tong Lei , Xiong Zhu , Shen Ya‐Xi , Peng Yu‐Gui , Huang Xin‐Yu , Ye Lei , Tang Ming , Cai Fei‐Yan , Zheng Hai‐Rong , Xu Jian‐Bin , Cheng Gary J. , Zhu Xue‐Feng
Published: July 2020

Acoustic metamaterials with artificial microstructures are attractive to realize intriguing functions, including efficient waveguiding, which requires large impedance mismatches to realize total side reflection with negligible transmission and absorption. While large impedance mismatch can be readily realized in an air environment, acoustic waveguiding in an underwater environment remains elusive due to insufficient impedance mismatch of state‐of‐the‐art metamaterials. Here, a superhydrophobic acoustic metasurface of microstructured poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane, referred to as a “meta‐skin” insulator, which is able to confine acoustic waves in an all‐angle and wide spectrum range due to tremendous impedance mismatch at stable air/water interfaces, viz., the Cassie–Baxter state is demonstrated. By utilizing the meta‐skin insulator with broadband and high throughput, orbital‐angular‐momentum multiplexing at a high spectral efficiency and binary coding along large‐angle bending channels for bit‐error‐free acoustic data transmission in an underwater environment are demonstrated. Very different from optical and/or electrical cable communications, acoustic waves can be simply and effectively coupled into remote meta‐skin acoustic fibers from free space, which is technologically significant for long‐haul and anti‐interference communication. This work can enlighten many fluidic applications based on efficient waveguiding, such as in vivo ultrasound medical treatment and imaging.
Unraveling the Crystallization Kinetics of 2D Perovskites with Sandwich‐Type Structure for High‐Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Song Jingnan , Zhou Guanqing , Chen Wei , Zhang Quanzeng , Ali Jazib , Hu Qin , Wang Jing , Wang Cheng , Feng Wei , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Zhu Haiming , Zhang Yongming , Russell Thomas , Liu Feng
Published: July 2020

2D perovskite solar cells with high stability and high efficiency have attracted significant attention. A systematical static and dynamic structure investigation is carried out to show the details of 2D morphology evolution. A dual additive approach is used, where the synergy between an alkali metal cation and a polar solvent leads to high‐quality 2D perovskite films with sandwich‐type structures and vertical phase segregation. Such novel structure can induce high‐quality 2D slab growth and reduce internal and surface defects, resulting in a high device efficiency of 16.48% with enhanced continuous illumination stability and improved moisture (55–60%) and thermal (85 °C) tolerances. Transient absorption spectra reveal the carrier migration from low n to high n species with different kinetics. An [PbI6]4− octagon coalescence transformation mechanism coupled with metal and organic cations wrapped is proposed. By solvent vapor annealing, a recrystallization and reorientation of the 2D perovskite slabs occurs to form an ideal structure with improved device performance and stability.