bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Trust and Perceived Social Justice in the Waste Recycling Practices of Households in Latvia
Authors: Veliverronena Linda , Davidsone Agnese
Published: December 2024

In households, waste growth has become a critical global issue. This study aims to extend our understanding of promoting pro-environmental behavior by exploring the role of trust and perceived justice in households’ waste recycling practices. Trust and social justice are context-sensitive; studying them in different contexts provides new knowledge on motivating recycling motivation. The research is based on semi-structured interviews (n = 40) on household recycling practices in Latvia. Research results demonstrate that a lack of institutional trust and perceived social injustice concerning household waste recycling practices appear in several contexts: trust in an individual’s capacity to recycle, trust in their peers’ capacity to recycle, trust in the efficiency of the recycling system, trust in the capacity of the waste management company to recycle, trust in waste management policy, and trust in information on recycling. Lack of trust in waste management is linked to perceived social injustice as waste management policy is criticized for not being accessible and putting too much responsibility on households, and this can serve as a critical barrier to household recycling. This study reveals which elements of the waste management system are related to a higher risk of social injustice and lack of trust in the perspective of households, thus signaling where changes in the system or providing end-users more information are needed to make the waste-sorting process more efficient. The findings of the study indicated a few directions for further improvements in the waste management system: ensuring the financial availability of recycling services, reassessment of the responsibilities of the stakeholders, and working toward raising awareness of the recycling and waste management system.
Cultural and Societal Challenges for Circular Strategies Implementation
Authors: Rajčić Vlatka , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Laban Mirjana , Tsikaloudaki Katerina , Ungureanu Viorel
Published: December 2024

With the growing emphasis on sustainability, awareness of the environmental impacts and negative potential inherent in current business systems has increased. The circular economy (CE) represents an innovative approach that transforms the traditional linear economy into a restorative system, focussing on extending the life cycle of materials through continuous circulation. The Circular B project aims to develop an international framework that considers multiple facets of the CE, including material and asset management and the use of components in the built environment throughout the entire life cycle of the value chain. The primary objective of the CE is to eliminate waste and pollution (e.g., carbon reduction) and strengthen the resilience of the value chain. However, the current implementation of circular strategies has not yet been found to be effective, with several challenges that cause adverse impacts. This study focuses on investigating and analyzing these challenges, particularly in the cultural and societal domains, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The scope of the questionnaire was to identify (1) awareness and understanding, (2) cultural attitude, (3) barriers to adoption, (4) incentives and motivations, (5) participation and engagement, and (6) education and training. A questionnaire was distributed to 270 respondents, with anonymous responses collected. The survey included eight questions specifically designed to address cultural and societal challenges. The survey was conducted with participants from various sectors, including academia, local authorities, industry professionals, consultants, and others collected from all over the world, ensuring diverse perspectives. The main weaknesses found based on this survey are related to (1) budget constraints due to high costs of reintegrating in the loop of materials or components due to the complexity of circular processes, (2) applicability on the market remains still limited, (3) the importance of planning and design in the initial phases, (4) the importance of establishing a comprehensive network to enhance collaboration among stakeholders, and (5) inadequate policies. The insights gained from this study will help stakeholders, such as constructors, maintainers, engineers, designers, and consultants, across various organizations in the value chain to develop practical solutions to mitigate these challenges and improve the overall business system.
Collaborative Green Initiatives: Integrating Human Resources, Intellectual Capital, and Innovation for Environmental Performance
Authors: Qiu Xilai , Bashir Tayyeba , Gul Rana Faizan , Sadiq Burhan , Naseem Ammara
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to assess the ecological efficiency of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by analyzing their adoption of green human resource management practices (GHRMPs), green intellectual capital (GIC), and green innovation (GIN). The study was carried out on a representative sample of 367 manufacturing SMEs in Pakistan, and data were gathered using a particular survey questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique in SmartPLS4. This research indicates that the adoption of GHRMPs significantly impacts environmental performance (EP), GIC, and GIN. Additionally, the study found that the correlation among GHRMPs is positively mediated by GIC and GIN. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by investigating EP based on the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Theory (AMO) through empirical evidence on hypothesized relationships. The paper provides a valuable understanding and novel approach for managers of SMEs in developing countries to improve their EP through the adoption of GHRMP, GIC, and GIN.
Multi-Scale Spatial Structure Impacts on Carbon Emission in Cold Region: Case Study in Changchun, China
Authors: Li Bingxin , Zheng Qiang , Jiang Xue , He Chennan
Published: December 2024

Cities in cold regions face significant challenges, including high carbon emissions, intense energy use, and outdated energy structures, making them critical areas for achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development. While studies have explored the impact of spatial structures on urban carbon emissions, the effects of multi-scale spatial structures remain insufficiently understood, limiting effective spatial planning strategies. This research examines Changchun, a city in a severe cold region, using data from 2012 to 2021, including road networks, land use, nighttime light, and energy statistics. Employing spatial syntax, landscape pattern indices, random forests, and segmented linear regression, this research establishes a carbon emission translation pathway to analyze the nonlinear effects of multi-scale spatial structures. Findings reveal a 26.70% annual decrease in carbon emissions, with winter emissions 1.84 times higher than summer ones. High-emission zones have shifted from industrial areas to transportation, commercial, and residential zones, reflecting growing seasonal variability and structural changes. Spatial complexity increased while connectivity declined. Multi-scale analysis identified a “decrease–increase–decrease” pattern, with macro-scale centrality declining and micro-scale hierarchy rising. These results provide both theoretical and practical guidance for urban planning in cold regions, supporting early carbon neutrality and long-term sustainable development goals.
Optimised Sizing and Control of Non-Invasive Retrofit Options for More Sustainable Heat and Power Supply to Multi-Storey Apartment Buildings
Authors: Kozadajevs Jevgenijs , Zalitis Ivars , Mutule Anna , Petrichenko Lubova
Published: December 2024

Considering the ambitious climate goals defined by the European Union, the significant share of energy demand represented by buildings, the slow process of their renovation due to challenges such as a need for majority consent from residents and limited available space in dense urban areas, this study aims to foster retrofitting of energy supply systems of multi-storey apartment buildings, improving their sustainability. This entails making the transition to sustainable energy systems more socially acceptable and practical in urban contexts by proposition and demonstration of the potential of a power and heat supply system retrofit that minimises disruptions felt by residents. It integrates rooftop renewable power sources, heat storage with an electric heater, heat pumps, and existing connections to public utility networks. Furthermore, simulation results of both single- and multi-objective optimisation (performed by the genetic algorithm) for equipment selection, as well as conventional and smart control (implemented as a gradient-based optimisation) for daily scheduling, are compared, defining the main scientific contribution of the study. It is found possible to achieve a net present value of up to almost twice the annual energy expenses of the unrenovated building or self-sufficiency rate of up to 41.6% while using conventional control. These benefits can reach 2.6 times or 49.8% if the smart control is applied, demonstrating both the profitability and improved self-sufficiency achievable with the proposed approach in Latvian conditions.
Exploring Clean Energy Technology Diffusion and Development in the Yellow River Basin Amid Water Resource Constraints
Authors: Jin Hai , Xu Lianyan
Published: December 2024

Clean energy serves as a crucial means to alleviate water resource shortages and ensure power production safety. This study delves into clean energy diffusion and development within the confines of the Yellow River Basin, considering water resource constraints. It examines the dynamic evolution of the strategic choices made by local governments and the expansion of clean energy businesses among power generation groups using an evolutionary game model. Additionally, the study employs the L-V model to elucidate the diffusion and competition dynamics between fossil fuel power generation technology (FFGT) and clean energy generation technology (CEGT). To provide a more scientific elucidation of this process, actual values are utilized for simulation. The findings indicate that: (1) The strategic decisions of power generation groups are influenced not only by local government guidance but also by advancement in clean energy technology and cost reduction efforts; (2) the implementation of water resource tax guidance strategies yields noticeable effects, with higher taxes correlating to increased willingness among power generation groups to expand clean energy businesses; (3) in contrast to diffusion speed, the final state of equilibrium attained by the two technologies is more closely tied to the competition coefficient. A higher competition coefficient leads clean energy generation technology to gain a competitive advantage in the market, potentially dominating it entirely. Based on these conclusions, pertinent policy suggestions are proposed to drive the advancement of clean energy and facilitate energy structure transformation in the Yellow River Basin.
Evaluating Partitions in Packet Classification with the Asymmetric Metric of Disassortative Modularity
Authors: Wang Jinshui , Xin Yao , Lu Can , Jia Chengjun , Ding Yiming
Published: December 2024

At present, the method of using rule set partitioning technology to assist in constructing multiple decision trees for packet classification has been widely recognized. Rule set partitioning demonstrates a unique symmetry-breaking mechanism, systematically transforming the initial overlapping rule space into a more structured and balanced configuration. By separating overlapping rules in the initial stage, this method significantly reduces rule replication within trees, thereby improving the algorithm’s classification performance. The asymmetric characteristics of this partitioning process are particularly noteworthy: through the strategic disruption of the initial rule set’s symmetric distribution, it creates asymmetric subspaces with enhanced computational efficiency. However, existing research lacks standardized metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of rule set partitioning schemes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of partitioning on algorithm performance. Based on community structure theory, we construct a weighted graph model for rule sets and propose a disassortative modularity metric to evaluate the effectiveness of rule set partitioning. This metric not only examines intra-community connections but also emphasizes the asymmetric connections between communities. By quantifying these structural features, it provides a novel perspective on rule set partitioning strategies. The experimental results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between disassortative modularity and classification throughput. This metric offers valuable guidance for packet classification partitioning techniques, highlighting the practical significance of symmetry and asymmetry in algorithm design.
Local Time-Frequency Feature Fusion Using Cross-Attention for Acoustic Scene Classification
Authors: Huang Rong , Xie Yue , Jiang Pengxu
Published: December 2024

To address the interdependence of local time-frequency information in audio scene recognition, a segment-based time-frequency feature fusion method based on cross-attention is proposed. Since audio scene recognition is highly sensitive to individual sound events within a scene, the input features are segmented into multiple segments along the time dimension to obtain local features, allowing the subsequent attention mechanism to focus on the time slices of key sound events. Furthermore, to leverage the advantages of both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are mainstream structures in audio scene recognition tasks, this paper employs a symmetry structure to separately obtain the time-frequency features output by CNNs and RNNs and then fuses the two sets of features using cross-attention. Experiments on the TUT2018, TAU2019, and TAU2020 datasets demonstrate that the performance of this algorithm improves the official baseline results by 17.78%, 15.95%, and 20.13%, respectively.
Noncommutative Reissner–Nordström Black Hole from Noncommutative Charged Scalar Field
Authors: Dimitrijević Ćirić Marija , Konjik Nikola , Jurić Tajron , Samsarov Andjelo , Smolić Ivica
Published: December 2024

Within the framework of noncommutative (NC) deformation of gauge field theory by the angular twist, we first rederive the NC scalar and gauge field model from our previous papers, and then generalize it to the second order in the Seiberg–Witten (SW) map. It turns out that SW expansion is finite and that it ceases at the second order in the deformation parameter, ultimately giving rise to the equation of motion for the scalar field in the Reissner–Nordström (RN) metric that is nonperturbative and exact at the same order. As a further step, we show that the effective metric put forth and constructed in our previous work satisfies the equations of Einstein–Maxwell gravity, but only within the first order of deformation and when the gauge field is fixed by the Coulomb potential of the charged black hole. Thus, the obtained NC deformation of the Reissner–Nordström (RN) metric appears to have an additional off-diagonal element which scales linearly with a deformation parameter. We analyze various properties of this metric.
Digital Skills and Motivation in Sales Careers: Bridging Job Attractiveness and Career Intentions
Authors: Țuclea Claudia-Elena , Vrânceanu Diana-Maria , Anghel Laurențiu-Dan , Diaconescu Vlad
Published: December 2024

This study examines the factors that lead students to consider or avoid a career in sales, focusing on behaviors and preferences during the transition period following the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducted in 2021, the study captures how the pandemic has changed traditional aspects of sales work, such as face-to-face interaction, and explores the lasting impact of these changes on young professionals. A sample of 671 business and engineering students participated in an online survey; data analysis was performed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). Results show that intrinsic and social motivations enhance the perceived attractiveness of a sales career, which, in turn, impacts career intentions. Although empathy and COVID-19-related fears lack a direct effect on the intention to pursue a sales career, digital skills reinforce the connection between job attractiveness and career intentions in a digital-centric environment, having a moderating role. These findings emphasize the evolving nature of sales careers, highlighting the need to align career development strategies with young people’s intrinsic motivation and digital competencies. This study adds to the understanding of motivational factors in sales career decisions and offers valuable insights for employers seeking to attract motivated talent in a shifting industry landscape.
Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ribeiro Marcia , Kemp Julie Ann , Cardozo Ludmila , Vargas Drielly , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo , Stenvinkel Peter , Mafra Denise
Published: December 2024

Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) accumulation exacerbates inflammation and contributes to oxidative stress. These complications are putatively linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the known associations, the variation in TMAO plasma levels across different CKD stages and dialysis modalities remains underexplored. This study aimed to quantify TMAO plasma levels in different CKD stages and dialysis treatments. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed TMAO plasma levels in non-dialysis CKD patients (ND), patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD). TMAO plasma levels were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to triple mass spectrometry quadrupole. Results: In total, 15 ND patients [stages 3–5, glomerular filtration rate 41.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, 64 (IQR = 12.5) years, BMI 25.2 kg/m2, eight women]; 14 PD patients [57.5 (IQR = 8.5) years, BMI of 27.8 kg/m2, nine women]; and 34 HD patients [43.5 (IQR = 45.5) years, BMI of 24.4 kg/m2, nineteen women] were analyzed. ND patients had lower TMAO levels when compared to the HD (p < 0.0001) and PD patients (p = 0.001). There was no difference in TMAO levels between patients undergoing dialysis (p < 0.59). There was a negative correlation between TMAO and HDL plasma levels [rho = −0.380 (p < 0.004)], calcium [rho = −0.321 (p < 0.016)], and albumin [rho = −0.416 (p < 0.001)]. In addition, a positive correlation between TMAO and urea levels was observed [rho = 0.717 (p < 0.001)]. Conclusions: CKD stages impact TMAO levels since patients on non-dialysis treatment had lower levels than patients on HD and PD.
HDAC1 and HDAC2 Are Involved in Influenza A Virus-Induced Nuclear Translocation of Ectopically Expressed STAT3-GFP
Authors: Leong Jessica , Husain Matloob
Published: December 2024

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a pandemic threat. Particularly, the evolution and increased interspecies and intercontinental transmission of avian IAV H5N1 subtype highlight the importance of continuously studying the IAV and identifying the determinants of its pathogenesis. Host innate antiviral response is the first line of defense against IAV infection, and the transcription factor, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has emerged as a critical component of this response. Also, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 have been identified as important components of IAV-induced host innate antiviral response. Upon IAV infection, STAT3 is activated and translocated to the nucleus to initiate the transcription of innate response genes. Also, the HDAC1 and HDAC2 are localized to the nucleus. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in IAV-induced STAT3 nuclear translocation. We employed a quantitative confocal microscopy approach and analyzed the nuclear translocation of plasmid-expressed STAT3-GFP in IAV-infected cells depleted with the expression of HDAC1 or HDAC2. We found that the depletion of both HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression inhibits the IAV-induced nuclear translocation of STAT3-GFP. These findings will help elucidate the significance of the emerging role of acetylation in IAV infection and disease severity.
Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Toll-like Receptor 3 (tlr3), tlr7, tlr8 and tirap Genes with Severe Symptoms in Children Presenting COVID-19
Authors: Andrade Adriana Souza , Bentes Aline Almeida , Diniz Lilian Martins , Carvalho Silvia Hees , Kroon Erna Geessien , Campos Marco Antonio
Published: December 2024

The global number of COVID-19 deaths has reached 7 million, with 4% of these deaths occurring in children and adolescents. In Brazil, around 1500 children up to 11 years old died from the disease. The most common symptoms in children are respiratory, potentially progressing to severe illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and MIS-C. Studies indicate that comorbidities and genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in immune response genes, can influence the severity of COVID-19. This study investigates the occurrence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in innate immune response genes in children with COVID-19. Seventy-three samples were analyzed from children under 13 years old hospitalized at João Paulo II Children’s Hospital due to COVID-19. The evaluated SNPs were tlr8 (1) (rs3764879), tlr8 (2) (rs2407992), tlr7 (rs179008), tlr3 (rs3775291), tirap (rs8177374), and mcp-1 (rs1024611), considering four categories of severity: mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19. To identify the SNPs, PCR and sequencing were performed. The frequencies of the SNPs obtained were not discrepant when compared to the frequencies described in the Global ALFA, Global 1000 Genomes, Global gnomAD, American 1000 Genomes, and American gnomAD databases, except for the SNP in TLR7. Comparing severe and critical cases to mild and moderate cases, we found a higher relative risk associated with mutations in tlr8 (1), tlr7, tlr3, and tirap (p < 0.05). No association was found for SNPs in tlr8 (2) and mcp-1. Our analyses suggest an association between SNPs in innate immune response genes and severity of symptoms in children with COVID-19 (or SARS-CoV-2 infected children).
Impact of Obesity-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Mutations on COVID-19 Severity and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Martínez-Martinez Ana B. , Tristancho-Baró Alexander , Garcia-Rodriguez Beatriz , Clavel-Millan Marina , Palacian Maria Pilar , Milagro Ana , Rezusta Antonio , Arbones-Mainar Jose M.
Published: December 2024

This study explores the relationship between specific SARS-CoV-2 mutations and obesity, focusing on how these mutations may influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes in high-BMI individuals. We analyzed 205 viral mutations from a cohort of 675 patients, examining the association of mutations with BMI, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Logistic regression models and statistical analyses were applied to assess the impact of significant mutations on clinical outcomes, including inflammatory markers and antibody levels. Our findings revealed three key mutations—C14599T, A20268G, and C313T—that were associated with elevated BMI. Notably, C14599T appeared to be protective against hospitalization, suggesting context-dependent effects, while A20268G was linked to a 50% increase in hospitalization risk and elevated antibody levels, potentially indicating an adaptive immune response. C313T showed a 428% increase in mortality risk, marking it as a possible poor-prognosis marker. Interestingly, all three mutations were synonymous, suggesting adaptive roles in obesity-driven environments despite not altering viral protein structures. These results emphasize the importance of studying mutations within the broader context of comorbidities, other mutations, and regional factors to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 adaptation in high-risk groups. Further validation in larger cohorts is necessary to confirm these associations and to assess their clinical significance.
Synthesis of Headful Packaging Phages Through Yeast Transformation-Associated Recombination
Authors: Lu Cheng , He Lan , Guo Yangyijun , Wang Tingting , Ye Yanrui , Lin Zhanglin
Published: December 2024

De novo synthesis of phage genomes enables flexible genome modification and simplification. This study explores the synthetic genome assembly of Pseudomonas phage vB_PaeS_SCUT-S4 (S4), a 42,932 bp headful packaging phage, which encapsidates a terminally redundant, double-stranded DNA genome exceeding unit length. We demonstrate that using the yeast TAR approach, the S4 genome can be assembled and rebooted from a unit-length genome plus a minimal 60 bp terminal redundant sequence. Furthermore, we show that S4 can be synthesized from arbitrary starting nucleotides and modified with a red fluorescent protein as a reporter. Additionally, we successfully designed and assembled synthetic S4 phages with reduced genomes, knocking out up to 10 of the 24 hypothetical genes simultaneously, with a combined length of 2883 bp, representing 6.7% of the unit-length genome. This work highlights the potential for engineering simplified, customizable headful packaging phage genomes, providing a foundation for future studies of these phages for potential clinical applications.
Dufulin Impacts Plant Defense Against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infecting Tomato
Authors: Huang Liping , Tang Yingying , Wang Shuaixin , Chen Jianbin , Du Jiao , Yan Shuo , Zhang Deyong , Shi Xiaobin , Liu Yong , Li Fan
Published: December 2024

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) poses a significant threat to tomato production, leading to severe yield losses. The current control strategies primarily rely on the use of pesticides, which are often nonselective and costly. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify more environmentally friendly alternatives. Dufulin, a novel compound that has been effective in controlling viral diseases in tobacco and rice, has not yet been tested against TYLCV. This study assessed the efficacy of dufulin in controlling TYLCV over a three-year span from 2021 to 2023 through field trials, by monitoring disease symptoms and viral titers. Additionally, this study assessed the expression levels of genes associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR), specifically proteinase inhibitor II (PI II) and non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1), using real-time qRT-PCR. The chlorophyll and nitrogen content in the leaves were also measured. Plants treated with dufulin showed reduced symptomatology and lower viral titers compared to the controls. Analysis of gene expression revealed that NPR1 was upregulated in the dufulin-treated plants, whereas PI II expression was consistently downregulated in the TYLCV-infected plants. Interestingly, PI II expression increased in the healthy plants following a seven-day post-treatment with dufulin. Moreover, the treated plants exhibited a higher chlorophyll content than the controls, though no significant differences in the nitrogen levels were observed between the dufulin-treated and water-treated plants. Overall, the application of dufulin significantly bolstered the plant’s defense response, effectively reducing TYLCV symptoms and enhancing resistance.
Plant Compounds Inhibit the Growth of W12 Cervical Precancer Cells Containing Episomal or Integrant HPV DNA; Tanshinone IIA Synergizes with Curcumin in Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Einbond Linda Saxe , Zhou Jing , Huang Kunhui , Castellanos Mario R. , Mbazor Emeka , Balick Michael , Ma Hongbao , DeVoti James A. , Redenti Stephen , Wu Hsan-au
Published: December 2024

This study explores the effects of plant compounds on human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced W12 cervical precancer cells and bioelectric signaling. The aim is to identify effective phytochemicals, both individually and in combination, that can prevent and treat HPV infection and HPV associated cervical cancer. Phytochemicals were tested using growth inhibition, combination, gene expression, RT PCR, and molecular docking assays. W12 cells, derived from a cervical precancerous lesion, contain either episomal or integrated HPV16 DNA. Several compounds, including digoxin, tanshinone IIA, dihydromethysticin and carrageenan, as well as fractions of turmeric, ginger and pomegranate inhibited the growth of W12 precancer and cervical cancer cells. Curcumin and tanshinone IIA were the most active and relatively nontoxic compounds. RT-PCR analysis showed that tanshinone IIA activated the expression of p53, while repressing the expression of HPV16 E1, E2, E4, E6, and E7 viral transcripts in W12 (type 1 and 2) integrant cells. In addition, curcumin synergized with tanshinone IIA in HeLa cells. Molecular docking studies suggested tanshinone IIA and curcumin bind to the Na+/K+-ATPase ion channel, with curcumin binding with higher affinity. Our findings highlight the potential of these multifaceted phytochemicals to prevent and treat HPV-induced cervical cancer, offering a promising approach for combinatorial therapeutic intervention.
The Meq Genes of Nigerian Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) Field Isolates Contain Mutations Common to Both European and US High Virulence Strains
Authors: Patria Joseph N. , Jwander Luka , Mbachu Ifeoma , Parcells Levi , Ladman Brian , Trimpert Jakob , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Tavlarides-Hontz Phaedra , Parcells Mark S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Marek’s disease (MD) is a pathology affecting chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus of the genus Mardivirus. MD is characterized by paralysis, immune suppression, and the rapid formation of T-cell (primarily CD4+) lymphomas. Over the last 50 years, losses due to MDV infection have been controlled worldwide through vaccination; however, these live-attenuated vaccines are non-sterilizing and potentially contributed to the virulence evolution of MDV field strains. Mutations common to field strains that can overcome vaccine protection were identified in the C-terminal proline-rich repeats of the oncoprotein Meq (Marek’s EcoRI-Q-encoded protein). These mutations in meq have been found to be distinct to their region of origin, with high virulence strains obtained in Europe differing from those having evolved in the US. The present work reports on meq mutations identified in MDV field strains in Nigeria, arising at farms employing different vaccination practices. Materials and Methods: DNA was isolated from FTA cards obtained at 12 farms affected by increased MD in the Plateau State, Nigeria. These sequences included partial whole genomes as well as targeted sequences of the meq oncogenes from these strains. Several of the meq genes were cloned for expression and their localization ability to interact with the chicken NF-IL3 protein, a putative Meq dimerization partner, were assessed. Results: Sequence analysis of the meq genes from these Nigerian field strains revealed an RB1B-like lineage co-circulating with a European Polen5-like lineage, as well as recombinants harboring a combination of these mutations. In a number of these isolates, Meq mutations accumulated in both N-terminal and C-terminal domains. Discussion: Our data, suggest a direct effect of the vaccine strategy on the selection of Meq mutations. Moreover, we posit the evolution of the next higher level of virulence MDVs, a very virulent plus plus pathotype (vv++).
Evaluation of Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Toxoplasmosis Among Females in Algeria
Authors: Lounis Mohamed , Aissaoui Samah , Ghouissem Fatima , Souttou Karim
Published: December 2024

Toxoplasmosis is a major veterinary and public health issue affecting humans and animals, where felids represent the definitive hosts of the causative agent Toxoplasma gondii. While the infections are mostly asymptomatic, the disease could be severe in immune-compromised patients and pregnant women. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge, practice, and attitude toward this disease among a sample of Algerian women. A cross-sectional poll was conducted between 25 March and 28 August 2024, using a self-administered questionnaire. Results showed that only 53% of the 545 respondents heard of the disease before this survey, and being married increased the odds of awareness (AOR: 3.597 95% CI: 1.598–8.099). Among those who heard of the disease (288 women), 52.7% correct responses were obtained with varied frequencies regarding the mode of transmission and symptoms. The participants were aware of the role of cats as a source of contamination for humans (83.3%) and the common routes of transmission, including contact with cat feces (83.7%) and the consumption of undercooked meat (75%), but the role of unpasteurized milk from infected animals (40.3%), untreated water (35.8%), and blood transfusions (26.4%) was not well understood. The majority of participants ignored symptoms such as skin rashes (29.2%) and swollen lymph nodes (36.5%), as well as sequelae including mental impairment (32.3%) and eyesight issues (35.1%). Results showed also a high rate of appropriate practices and positive attitudes, where 90.3% of the participants said they were in favor of any action that intended to control toxoplasmosis. These results suggest the need to increase the level of awareness of Algerian women regarding this disease.
Accuracy of ASCAT-DIREX Soil Moisture Mapping in a Small Alpine Catchment
Authors: Sleziak Patrik , Danko Michal , Jančo Martin , Holko Ladislav , Greimeister-Pfeil Isabella , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Parajka Juraj
Published: December 2024

Recent improvements in soil moisture mapping using satellites provide estimates at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. The accuracy in alpine regions is, however, still not well understood. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the experimental ASCAT-DIREX soil moisture product in a small alpine catchment and to identify factors that control the soil moisture agreement between the satellite estimates and in situ observations in open and forest sites. The analysis is carried out in the experimental mountain catchment of Jalovecký Creek, situated in the Western Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). The satellite soil moisture estimates are derived by merging the ASCAT and Sentinel-1 retrievals (the ASCAT-DIREX dataset), providing relative daily soil moisture estimates at 500 m spatial resolution in the period 2012–2019. The soil water estimates represent four characteristic timescales of 1, 2, 5, and 10 days, which are compared with in situ topsoil moisture observations. The results show that the correlation between satellite-derived and in situ soil moisture is larger at the open site and for larger characteristic timescales (10 days). The correlations have a strong seasonal pattern, showing low (negative) correlations in winter and spring and larger (more than 0.5) correlations in summer and autumn. The main reason for low correlations in winter and spring is insufficient masking of the snowpack. Using local snow data masks and soil moisture retrieval in the period December–March, improves the soil moisture agreement in April was improved from negative correlations to 0.68 at the open site and 0.92 at the forest site. Low soil moisture correlations in the summer months may also be due to small-scale precipitation variability and vegetation dynamics mapping, which result in satellite soil moisture overestimation.
Spatial and Seasonal Dynamics of Plankton Community and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in an Urban River: A Case Study of Wuxi City, China
Authors: Xu Biying , Huang Xiaofeng , Xu Kang , Wang Xia
Published: December 2024

To explore how environmental factors affect the structure of plankton in urban rivers, we analyzed the Caowangjing River, an urban river that passes through Wuxi, to survey the water environmental factors and plankton population in different seasons. We identified 103 phytoplankton species belonging to eight phyla, with Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanobacteria being the dominant groups. A total of 45 zooplankton species belonged to three classes, with Rotifera being the dominant class. Phytoplankton density was highest in the autumn, followed by the spring, and the lowest in the summer. Phytoplankton biomass, along with zooplankton density and biomass, exhibited seasonal declines. The average values of the Shannon–Wiener index, Pielou’s evenness index, and Margalef richness index were 3.58 ± 0.50, 0.72 ± 0.76, and 2.03 ± 0.31, respectively, indicating the Caowangjing River was mildly polluted based on a water quality evaluation. Redundancy analysis showed that turbidity, water temperature, and ammonia nitrogen are the key factors of phytoplankton community distribution, while water temperature, the permanganate index, and ammonia nitrogen are the key factors of zooplankton community distribution.
Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Network Service Quality Considering User Satisfaction
Authors: Lyu Shukang , Pan Yi , Miao Huiyu , Yuan Xiaodong , Zeng Fei
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, various issues, such as the suboptimal deployment of charging facilities and inadequate distribution, hinder improvements in user satisfaction with EVs. Moreover, the interests of multiple stakeholders, including power grid companies and transportation departments, are not sufficiently addressed. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for EV charging network service quality that integrates user satisfaction. First, considering the coupled dynamics of the EV charging network, we construct a service quality evaluation index system. Then, using a combination of the entropy weight method (EWM) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with game theory, we determine the composite weights for the index system. Finally, we use the improved R-method evaluation model to theoretically verify the charging network in a particular area. The results show that the evaluation method proposed in this paper realizes differentiated evaluation for different planning schemes, highlights the weak links in the operation process of the charging network, and provides a theoretical reference for decision making about charging station planning.
STUDY OF THE AXIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF POSTMODERN TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES
Authors: Pedchenko Maksym
Published: December 2024

This study is devoted to analyzing the axiological foundations of the network society in the context of postmodern transformations. It analyzes how digital technologies and communication networks change traditional social structures and values, focusing attention on the phenomena of pluralism and relativism characteristic of postmodernism. It is emphasized that the network society forms new value priorities, such as freedom of information, openness, collective creativity, and innovation, which become the foundation of modern social interactions. The postmodern discourse questions the universality and objectivity of any values, calling for a need to review them in the light of new digital realities. An important aspect is the analysis of the processes of decentralization of power, which are manifested in the network society and allow individuals and groups to form new axiological guidelines actively. How modern technologies contribute to spreading the ideology of open access and knowledge sharing and changing approaches to creativity and innovation has been studied. Special attention is paid to ethical aspects in the digital environment, where privacy, security, and responsibility issues are becoming more and more relevant.
Specificity of clinical practice in Algeria Consultation for children and adolescents
Authors: Gaci Khelifa
Published: December 2024

Clinical practice in Algeria is characterized by the rules of the framework to be respected, its principles are linked to the socio-cultural context of the society that guides psychological consultations with children and adolescents, this allows not only to understand the request for help but also to conduct a relatively controlled work for non-psychoanalyst psychologists.
The influence of artificial intelligence on the law
Authors: Benahmed Houria
Published: December 2024

The digital world is characterized by a vast array of data, documents, and legal materials, which are safeguarded and preserved through modern applications and technologies. Artificial intelligence plays a crucial role in this process, featuring numerous intelligent applications that facilitate operations within the legal field, particularly in legal professions and judicial systems. This has led to a fundamental transformation, marked by the emergence of digital justice, remote litigation, and the adoption of electronic trials, all of which contribute to the efficient and swift execution of judicial tasks
the poetic repetition and its argument in the “Meditation on the Face of Revolution” by Ayyash Yahyawi
Authors: Tabbiche Hanina
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the poetics of repetition and its persuasive efficacy within contemporary Algerian poetry. The analysis centers on discerning the recurrent motifs employed by the poet, elucidating their poetic nuances, and elucidating the argumentative vigor imbued through repetition. Consequently, the study seeks to address the following questions: What are the recurring patterns of repetition evident in Ayyash Yahyawi's work? What functions do these repetitions serve? How do they contribute to the aesthetic dimension of the poetry? Furthermore, it explores the ramifications of this stylistic choice on imagery, connotation, rhythm, and argumentation. The expected findings of this analysis include the poet's adept utilization of repetition across its various manifestations, facilitating both semantic elaboration and cohesive thematic interconnection within the poems, thereby directing the recipient's interpretation toward specific thematic trajectories
The Discourse of Renewal in Quranic Studies: Foundations and Guidelines
Authors: CHOUCHA Mohammed Ridha , KACIMI Mourad
Published: December 2024

This article examines the foundational principles, emerging trends, and distinctive features of the renewal discourse in contemporary Quranic studies. It elucidates key concepts, establishes comprehensive guidelines for renewal, and identifies four prominent interpretive approaches: the scientific, reformist, modernist, and purposive trends. The study underscores both the significance and potential pitfalls of the renewal discourse, emphasizing the critical need for renewers to adhere to sound hermeneutical principles to safeguard against deviant exegetical tendencies. Through a rigorous assessment of contemporary trends and their methodologies, the article offers nuanced insights into the current landscape of Quranic studies, illuminating both its challenges and opportunities for future scholarship
The Role of Forensic Accounting in Improving Governance Mechanisms through the Market Financial Indicators of Companies Listed on the Palestine Exchange
Authors: Awad Areej M. , Slim Chokri B.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This research investigates the role of forensic accounting in enhancing governance mechanisms through market financial indicators for companies listed on the Palestine Exchange. It focuses on litigation support, judicial investigations, legal support services, corporate governance, and market value.Study design/methodology/approach: The study utilized a quantitative analytical methodology. Hypotheses were tested using regression-based mediation analysis, employing a series of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models. Additionally, a moderated mediation analysis was conducted as a robustness check to ensure the reliability of the results.Sample and data: The research analyzes data from the financial statements of 35 companies listed on the Palestine Exchange.Results: The findings reveal a significant positive role of forensic accounting (litigation support, judicial investigations, and legal support services) in enhancing corporate governance mechanisms through market financial indicators. The study emphasizes the importance of transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance in improving investor confidence and corporate performance.Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the application of forensic accounting in improving governance and market performance within a developing market context, specifically in Palestinian companies. It provides practical recommendations for fostering better governance practices through education and awareness initiatives.Research limitations/implications: The research is limited to a cross-sectional design and focuses on companies listed on the Palestine Exchange, emphasizing the need for further studies in diverse contexts and longitudinal designs to validate and expand the findings.
Дифференциально-диагностические признаки заболеваний с болевым синдромом в нижней части спины
Authors: Авдей Г.М.
Published: December 2024

Приведены клинические проявления и основные дифференциально-диагностические признаки заболеваний с болевым синдромом в нижней части спины. Рассмотрены основные принципы терапии пациентов с неспецифическими болями в нижней части спины с учетом оценки эффективности и безопасности фармакологических препаратов (толперизон, ацеклофенак). Обращено внимание на новую пролонгированную лекарственную форму толперизона.

Clinical manifestations and main differential diagnostic signs of diseases with pain syndrome in the lower back are presented. The basic principles of therapy for patients with nonspecific pain in the lower back are considered, taking into account the assessment of the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological drugs (tolperisone, aceclofenac). Attention is drawn to a new prolonged dosage form of tolperisone.
Неосложненная инфекция мочевыводящих путей: обзор рекомендаций Европейской ассоциации урологов – 2024
Authors: Ниткин Д.М.
Published: December 2024

В статье приведены данные обзора рекомендаций Европейской ассоциации урологов – 2024, а также национальных клинических протоколов лечения и профилактики неосложненных инфекций мочевыводящих путей.

The article presents data from a review of the 2024 European Association of Urologists Guidelines, as well as national clinical protocols for the treatment and prevention of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Zulkafli Mohamad Syafiq , Rithwan Fahim , Abang Zaidel Dayang Norulfairuz , Ramli Solleh , Hanapi Siti Zulaiha , Wan Azelee Nur Izyan , Yenn Tong Woei , El Enshasy Hesham A. , Dailin Daniel Joe
Published: December 2024

Plastic waste, particularly polythene, is a major environmental concern, with bioremediation emerging as a sustainable solution. This study evaluated the potential of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae in degrading low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Fungal species were initially cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates at 36°C for 5 days in the dark. Subsequently, they were transferred to a minimal salt medium supplemented with LDPE strips. The degradation efficiency was evaluated by measuring the weight loss of the LDPE samples and conducting scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results revealed weight loss ranging from 1.50 to 10.22%, depending on the fungi and incubation period, whereas control samples without fungal exposure showed no change. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed fungal colonisation and physical degradation of the LDPE surface, displaying folds, grooves, and cracks. Results from this study showed that both fungi were able to break down the plastic, with A. oryzae showing more significant degradation. These findings highlight the potential of fungi as a biological solution to address the global plastic pollution issue.