bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Acute and Post-Recovery Outcomes in Cerebral Malaria and Other Comas by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT in CM) – A protocol for an observational cohort study of Malawian children
Authors: Wilson Kyle J , Tu Zhanhan , Mbale Emmie , Mhango Priscilla P , Kayange Petros , Gladstone Melissa J. , Harding Simon , Gottlob Irene , Garcia-Finana Marta , Shen Yaochun , Taylor Terrie E , Seydel Karl B , Zheng Yalin , Beare Nicholas AV
Published: April 2023

Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Malarial retinopathy has been shown to be diagnostically and prognostically significant in the assessment of CM. The major mechanism of death in paediatric CM is brain swelling. Long term morbidity is typically characterised by neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae. Optical coherence tomography can be used to quantify papilloedema and macular ischaemia, identified as hyperreflectivity.

Here we describe a protocol to test the hypotheses that quantification of optic nerve head swelling using optical coherence tomography can identify severe brain swelling in CM, and that quantification of hyperreflectivity in the macula predicts neurodevelopmental outcomes post-recovery. Additionally, our protocol includes the development of a novel, low-cost, handheld optical coherence tomography machine and artificial intelligence tools to assist in image analysis.
Krajobraz (po) rewolucji: Przemiany społeczne jako konsekwencja rozwoju technologii informacyjnych i komunikacyjnych
Authors: Porębski Leszek
Published: April 2023

A (POST-)REVOLUTIONARY LANDSCAPE: SOCIAL CHANGES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES The primary aim of the book is an attempt to look at the current picture of the relationship between social life and information and communication technologies (ICT), from the perspective of forecasts and assessments that were made in this regard several decades ago. At the root of this text, therefore, is a desire to determine the extent to which the hopes and fears expressed in public debate concerning the emergence and spread of the Internet and related technologies proved accurate, and the extent to which the expectations about society of the future voiced by various circles turned out incorrect. A number of related and more specific problems are clustered around this basic issue, which are also of interest. Thus, the text is definitely more of a venture into the realm of social thought, the values that underlie the democratic order and the dynamics of social development than a review of empirical studies documenting specific phenomena and processes.
Time Perspective and Decision-Making: A Study on Decisional Patterns in Argentinian Adults
Authors: Fernández Da Lama Rocío Giselle , Brenlla Maria Elena
Published: April 2023

The first aim of this study was to adapt the MDMQ to Argentinian Spanish and to collect evidence of its validity and reliability; the second was to determine if time perspectives were adequate predictors of decisionmaking styles. A first sample of 536 participants served in the validation process; a second sample of 209 individuals who completed the mdmq and the Brief Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was used to conduct descriptive-correlational and regression analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated a four-factor model with adequate internal consistency for each subscale. Regression analyses showed that future time perspective positively predicted the display of higher vigilant coping patterns —adaptive and rational decision-making style—. Meanwhile, less futuretime- oriented people were more likely to engage in defensive avoidance mechanisms to reach a decision. Past-negative and present-fatalistic time perspectives were positive predictors of non-vigilant decisionmaking style. It indicates that individuals with an aversive vision over their past experiences and present situation are more likely to engage in emotionally based and avoidant decision-making patterns. These findings support the reliability and construct-related validity of the MDMQ for assessing decision-making styles among Argentinian individuals and set a step for conducting more in-depth research in the field of decisionmaking and time perspective.
Severe hypertriglyceridemia after use of bempedoic acid
Authors: Bovy Valentin , Bogaert Anne-Marie
Published: April 2023

Bempedoic is a new drug for the management of hypercholesterolemia, approved since 2020 by the EMA for use in Europe. In this case report, we describe a 65-year-old woman with sudden worsening of hypertriglyceridemia after the introduction of bempedoic acid. Triglyceride levels normalized quickly on withdrawal of the drug. With this case report, we want to reveal a possible association between bempedoic acid and the paradoxical occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, we want to emphasize the limited evidence regarding the use of bempedoic acid in patients with pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia.
Bloody Stool in Infants: A Pediatric Allergy View
Authors: ATAKUL Gizem , ŞİRİN Seda , ATAY Özge , KANGALLI BOYACIOĞLU Özge , AL Serdar , ASİLSOY Suna , UZUNER Nevin , KARAMAN Özkan
Published: April 2023

Objective: The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has gradually increased. Bloody stool is among the symptoms associated with non-immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated FA in infants. In our study, we shared the clinical characteristics of the patients who applied to our clinic with bloody stool.

Material and Methods: The data of the patients with bloody stool were reviewed. Patients’ characteristics and the time of onset of tolerance in patients with FA were recorded, retrospectively.

Results: The 110 patient files were reviewed. 68% of the patients were diagnosed with FA (63 proctocolitis/12 enterocolitis), 22% with an anal fissure, and 9% with nonspecific colitis. The most common causative food was cow milk (57%), the second was the combination of egg and milk (24.2%), and the third was egg (18.2%). The presence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and eosinophil count at the time of admission did not affect tolerance development time but it was shown that skin prick test (SPT) positivity and the high level of total IgE at the time of admission delayed the development of tolerance [(p=0.02), (r=0.510, p=0.009)].

Conclusion: Bloody stool is one of the common complaints in infants. It does not always indicate a FA. The clinic is mild when the underlying disease is non-IgE mediated FA. However, accompanying IgE-type sensitivities negatively affect the prognosis. Elevated total IgE and SPT positivity at the time of diagnosis may give an impression that tolerance of baked products could be delayed in this type of allergy.
Mental health awareness in early years
Authors: Webster Chloe
Published: April 2023

Do you have something to share, reflect on or provoke thinking around? Write to the editor: elly.roberts@markallengroup.com

Early years practitioner, Chloe Webster, shares her thoughts on the importance of staff understanding the relationship between the mental health needs of their colleagues and those of the children in their care, for Mental Health Awareness Month in May.
Transforming play
Authors: Grimmer Tamsin
Published: April 2023

Early years consultant and trainer, Tamsin Grimmer, discusses ways to encourage different types of transforming play, allowing children to explore and build an understanding of scientific concepts and processes at an early age.

Transforming – children like to explore and see changes, e.g. adding colour to cornflour, mixing paints together, making or manipulating play dough, adding juice to food to see what happens, adding water to sand and/or making sand moulds.
Sing a song of mathematics
Authors: Moffett Pamela
Published: April 2023

Senior lecturer Dr Pamela Moffett outlines how to use the song ‘Five Currant Buns in a Baker's Shop’ to develop children's understanding of numbers, counting and mathematical concepts.
Using museum visits to enhance CPD for early years professionals
Authors: Norman Amanda
Published: April 2023

Senior lecturer at the University of Winchester and early years consultant, Dr Amanda Norman, discusses her project to use museum visits to enhance a community of practice and a sense of belonging between early years practitioners, as part of continuous professional development.
What is Dyscalculia?
Authors: McKinney Breda
Published: April 2023

Specialist teacher and SEND Advisor, Breda McKinney, shines a light on what dyscalculia is, its impact on learning and how it can be identified and supported in early years settings.
Shaping the future through art
Authors: Roberts Elly
Published: April 2023

Art specialist, Priyanka Rana, who works at Fennies Day Nurseries, discusses the importance of teaching sustainability and environmentalism to allow young children to understand how their actions impact the world. Priyanka shares how she is inspired in her work by young children's awe and wonder when discovering the world. You can follow her on social media @therubbishartist.
The Spring Budget: reasons for celebration and caution
Authors: Jarvie Megan
Published: April 2023

Megan Jarvie, Head of Coram Family and Childcare, responds to the recent Spring Budget announcements affecting the early years sector.
Doing an apprenticeship as a deputy manager
Authors: White Holly
Published: April 2023

Holly White shares her journey as a Level 5 Early Years Lead Practitioner apprentice at Apprenticeship Connect which resulted in her winning the ‘Teaching and Early Years Apprentice of the Year Award 2023’ in March 2023.
The Role of Character Strengths on Adolescents’ Participation in Sports
Authors: Walker David Ian , Gungordu Nahide , Nabizadehchianeh Ghasim
Published: April 2023

The Values in Action (VIA) Classification of Strengths and Virtues provides a detailed assessment of character based on 24-character strengths. The current study aimed to investigate whether these character strengths play role in adolescents' participation in extracurricular activities, specifically sports. To achieve this, a demographic questionnaire and the VIA Youth Survey (96-item) were completed by 3810 adolescents in the UK. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression, and the findings indicated that the virtues of teamwork, perseverance, leadership, spirit, and zest were predictors of participation in sports during adolescence. The results also showed significant gender differences in character strengths and participation in sports. Female students scored higher on character strengths of prudence, perseverance, kindness, and humility, while male students scored higher on creativity, spirituality, and zest. Female students were also less likely to participate in sports compared to male students. The implications of these findings for future research and practice are discussed.
Relationships of tree height-diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown diameter-DBH of Acacia auriculiformis plantation
Authors: Dey Tanmoy , AHMED SHAMIM , ISLAM MD. AKRAMUL
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Dey T, Ahmed S, Islam MA. 2021. Relationships of tree height-diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown diameter-DBH of Acacia auriculiformis plantation. Asian J For 5: 71-75. Measuring the height and crown diameter in the field is time-consuming and needs more logistical efforts. Thus, in this study, we have focused on evaluating the relationship between height and crown diameter with commonly and less effortlessly measured parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH) to reduce the inventory costs and time by using these models. Different correlation-regression models for predicting tree height and crown diameter from DBH were developed for Acacia auriculiformis species at Char Kukri-Mukri Island in the Bhola district of Bangladesh. To achieve the goal, DBH, total height, and crown diameter of each tree were recorded. Coefficient of determination (R2) and p-value was used for evaluating the models. The correlation coefficients between DBH and height and between DBH and crown diameter showed positive and significant relationships. The calculated p-value and R2 value between DBH and height and between DBH and crown diameter in the correlation-regression analysis revealed that linear regression models were best fitted in both cases. The study concluded that the tree height could be estimated by the mean of DBH and vice versa, as well as crown diameter could be estimated by the mean of DBH and vice versa.
Recycling for deforestation reduction in Tanzania: Why are households not using waste charcoal?
Authors: NGOWI NORBERT J. , NGALAWA ATHANAS A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Ngowi NJ, Ngalawa AA. 2022. Recycling for deforestation reduction in Tanzania: Why are households not using waste charcoal?. Asian J For 7: 1-8. Charcoal making and the subsequent waste charcoal produced to contribute to deforestation and the production of greenhouse gases, the major drivers for climate change. Whereas climate change is increasingly becoming a public issue, Africa produces 63% of the total global wood charcoal. Since 2004, the demand for wood charcoal on the continent has risen by 30%, the highest in the world. The low efficiency of locally made earth kilns, between 8% and 36%, reported in Africa has contributed to increased waste charcoal production on the continent. However, more information is needed on the cycling use of waste charcoal in low-income countries. In order to improve forest resource use, we investigated the factors influencing the cycling use of wood waste charcoal in the Kilosa District of East-Central Tanzania between 2020 and 2021. A total of 298 randomly selected households were involved in the survey. SPSS version 20 tools were used in the analysis through cross-tab descriptive statistics and the independent sample t-test. Results show that sex, age, expenditure on fuel energy, environment, and technology for cooking significantly affected household use of waste charcoal (p < 0.05). The availability of wastes (v = 0.272) was the most influential factor in the cycling use of waste charcoal. The paper shows that cycling the use of wood waste charcoal would reduce volumes of trees cleared for firewood and improve sanitation by removing rampantly disposed waste from the environment.
Volume and aboveground biomass models for a dry evergreen montane forest in Tanzania
Authors: MWALUSEKE MPONIE LEISON , MWAKALUKWA EZEKIEL EDWARD , MALIONDO SALIM MOHAMMED SALIM
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Mwaluseke ML, Mwakalukwa EE, Maliondo SMS. 2023. Volume and aboveground biomass models for a dry evergreen montane forest in Tanzania. Asian J For 7: 45-53. Models available for accurately estimating trees and shrubs' volume and aboveground biomass from dry evergreen montane forests in Tanzania are largely lacking. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop volume, and aboveground biomass models for a dry evergreen montane forest of Lendikinya Forest Reserve found in Northern Tanzania. A total of thirty sample trees and shrubs with a diameter range of 5-58.5 cm were destructively harvested and used in this study. Specifically, the study developed (i) the height-diameter model and (ii) the total volume and aboveground biomass models. The following height, volume, and biomass models appear to be suitable for estimating tree height, volume, and biomass of tree and shrub species found in the study site: Height (m) =2.3249 + 6.6101/DBH + 0.2847DBH (R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 1.79, AIC = 164.37), ln(Volume, m3) = -9.845 + 1.915 ln(DBH) + 1.089ln(Ht) (R2 = 0.97, RMSE = 0.296, AIC = -144.18) and ln(Biomass, kg) = -1.666 + 0.853ln(WD x DBH2 x Ht) (R2 = 0.95, RMSE = 0.324, AIC = 224.13). Both models yielded low bias, hence indicating an excellent fit. These models will be useful in understanding the condition of the forest and the potential of this forest in storing carbon hence, the possibility of benefiting from the ongoing negotiations of REDD+ schemes for payment for avoided deforestation and degradation through sustainable management of the reserve.
Identification and characterization of honeybee flora calendar in Southwest Jimma Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: MOSSIE TESFA , WORKU HAYAT
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Mossie T, Worku H. 2023. Identification and characterization of honeybee flora calendar in Southwest Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Asian J For 7: 54-66. The study was conducted to identify, characterize and document major bee forages, develop an appropriate flora calendar, their phenology, and pollen potential in the various agro-ecological conditions of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 90 beekeepers were purposefully selected from three districts and interviewed to get primary data. The density and abundance of flowering plants were determined using quadrat sampling techniques. In addition, pollen specimens were collected using pollen traps at seven-day intervals and were also traced back to plant species level under a light microscope. The study has revealed the presence of 141 pollen and/or nectar-source honeybee plant species belonging to sixty-two families in the study area. Herbs were the most dominant bee flora growth forms, accounting for 62 (44%) of a total of 141 honeybee plant species, followed by trees at 48 (34%) and shrubs at 31 (22%), respectively. The herbaceous plant had a greater density value of plant species per plot than did trees and shrubs. One hundred fifteen (81.6%) were both sources of pollen and nectar, whereas fifteen (10.6%) were pollen sources and the remaining eleven (7.8%) were nectar-source plant species. The Shannon diversity index and evenness were found to be 2.8 and 0.6, respectively. This indicated that the study area has a rich bee floral plant species and is suitable for beekeeping. Two main flowering periods of honeybee plants were followed by two honey flow seasons. Therefore, beekeepers should follow the floral calendar of honeybee plants to exploit the potential of the area for honey production.
Impacts of different salinity levels on seedling growth and survival of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans)
Authors: MATTO ANDREA ALICIA , JAIKISHUN SIRPAUL , RAM MARK
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Matto AA, Jaikishun S, Ram M. 2023. Impacts of different salinity levels on seedling growth and survival of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans). Asian J For 7: 67-73. Mangroves are important for coastal protection and provide numerous ecosystem services such as breeding, feeding, and nursery grounds for commercial fishes. This research examined the survivability of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans (L.) L.) seedlings in seven salinity concentrations. Growth parameters were collected every ten days, and a post-harvest analysis was done at the end of the data collection period. The results indicated that as the salinity level increased, the growth of the seedlings was reduced. Salinity can affect the different parameters collected in the growth of young seedlings. In the control, which was given zero salinity (0 ppt), it was noted that the growth parameters were not significantly affected. The lower treatments, such as T2 (15 ppt), 3 (30 ppt), and 4 (45 ppt), indicated that the seedlings strive better in these conditions. In treatment 7, which was the highest salinity level (90 ppt), the growth parameters of the seedlings were reduced. The findings of this research indicated that black mangrove seedlings need a low salinity level to have a good growth establishment. Given the adaptability of A. germinans, these mangrove species are anticipated to be flexible to cope with a wide range of future climatic circumstances.
Population density and distribution patterns of Austruca annulipes (Ring-legged fiddler crab) in the mangrove of Bogowonto Estuary, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: FADILAH RIZKY NUR , YULIA INGGRID TRIFENA , ALFITRA ZHALZABILLA SHAFA , ARMADHAN WINDA SAGITA , WIDYANINGTYAS RATNA , RAHMAYANI DITA , PERMATASARI DINDA PUTRI , IGUSTITA IGUSTITA , KUSUMA DIAN , PRAMBUDI SATRIA AJI , BERLIN GAVRIEL ENOS , TRIYANTO ADITYA , SUTARNO SUTARNO , INDRAWAN MUHAMMAD , DADIONO MUH. SULAIMAN , RAHIM KHAIRUL ADHA BIN A. , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Fadilah RN, Yulia IT, Alfitra ZS, Armadhan WS, Widyaningtyas R, Rahmayani D, Permatasari DP, Igustita, Kusuma D, Prambudi SA, Berlin GE, Triyanto A, Sutarno, Indrawan M, Dadiono MS, Rahim KABA, Setyawan AD. 2023. Population density and distribution patterns of Austruca annulipes (Ring-legged fiddler crab) in the mangrove of Bogowonto Estuary, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 1-8. The mangrove forest ecosystem is a forest with coastal plant characteristics that are influenced by tides and tolerate high salt levels. Mangrove forests in Indonesia contain about 89 species of flora, and around 18% of their fauna are keystone species. Keystone species are species that play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Austruca annulipes (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), or Ring-legged fiddler crab is one of the fauna species in the mangrove ecosystem, which has an important role in maintaining the balance of the food chain and nitrogen cycle, so the study of this species is very important for the sustainability of the ecosystem in mangrove area. This study aimed to determine the population density and distribution patterns of A. annulipes in the Mangrove Bogowonto Estuary Area, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research method was purposive random sampling using a 10m x 10m square plot. Furthermore, the identification of morphology and documentation of the activities of A. annulipes was carried out, and data were examined using calculations of crab density. Based on the research finding, the population density of A. annulipes is 0.9975 individuals/m2. Calculating the Morisita Index of A. annulipes obtained a value of 1.38 with the category of clumped distribution patterns. Various factors influence this distribution, including abiotic factors such as soil moisture, temperature, air, salinity, and pH. In addition, the presence of vegetation has also affected the density of A. annulipes because it is used as a shelter and foraging among its roots.
Assessment of water quality with comparative study of soil organic carbon stock in Nagdaha Lake and its adjacent agricultural land of Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: BHATTA MAMTA , JOSHI RAJEEV
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Bhatta M, Joshi R. 2023. Assessment of water quality with comparative study of soil organic carbon stock in Nagdaha Lake and its adjacent agricultural land of Lalitpur, Nepal. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 9-16. The lakes are an important component of the terrestrial Carbon (C) cycle. Estimates of global C burial by lakes suggest burial rates ranging from 0.03-0.07 Pg C yr?1. In the present study, the water quality of Nagdaha Lake and comparative analysis of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Nagdaha Lake and its adjoining agricultural area has been studied. Water quality was determined following APHA (1998); SOC was determined by the Walkey and Black (1934) Titration Method. The present study results show that the mean N-nitrate and P-phosphate concentration in the waters of Nagdaha Lake is 0.135 mg/L and 0.123 mg/L, respectively, and the mean SOC concentration of Nagdaha Lake (71.39±42.58g kg-1) is higher than the adjacent agricultural land (14.36±8.38g kg-1). The t-test result also shows that there is a significant difference in SOC concentration in lakes (t = 9.18) and agricultural (t = 7.66) for agricultural land (p < 0.0001). Nagdaha Lake's area decreased from 52 ropani to 42 ropani between 1964 and 2022. Despite the decrease in area, Nagdaha Lake has more carbon per unit area than agricultural land. Since the conversion of lake land to agricultural land can release a large amount of carbon into the atmosphere, it is imperative to preserve the lakes to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Contribution and challenges of mangrove conservation to community’s well-being in eastern Tanzania
Authors: NGOWI NORBERT J. , ZAKAYO GIDEON
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Ngowi NJ, Zakayo G. 2023. Contribution and challenges of mangrove conservation to community’s well-being in eastern Tanzania. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 15-21. Several mangrove conservation programs have been implemented in Tanzania to reverse degradation of mangrove ecosystem in the country. However, after their introduction in 1990s, many small-scale farmers relying on the mangrove ecosystems lost their livelihoods. To ensure that the people’s well-being and ecological integrity of the mangrove ecosystem are sustained, this study investigated the impact of nature conservation practices on financial sustainability, food security of local communities as well as ecological integrity of the mangrove ecosystem. The study employed a mixed-method approach where a survey was used to collect quantitative data from 90 household respondents selected randomly for a questionnaire survey. This was supplemented by data collected through personal observations and interviews administered to 30 local people (mainly key informants and focus group discussion). Quantitative data were analyzed through crosstab IBM SPSS version 20. Qualitative data were analyzed using content method. The results indicated that the conservation practices introduced brought a significant difference in financial stability (p<0.05) by increasing incomes of the implementing households to US $80.29 compared to US $69.20 for the non-implementing households. However, 83% of the implementing households still faced food insecurity by having meals only twice daily, although it was slightly higher compared to 80% for the non-implementing households. The 85% of the implementing and 65% of non-implementing households perceived that the conservation practices had improved the ecological integrity of the mangrove ecosystem by increasing the vegetation cover. The results of this study suggest that conservation practices in the mangrove ecosystem have increased financial sustainability and ecological integrity but failed to enhance food security. This study recommends the integration of rights of local communities on usage of land for paddy and fish farming to achieve sustainable economic growth in the estuary.
Bowen ratio and evapotranspiration dynamics of oil palm
Authors: ASYURA MUHAMMAD FAJAR , JUNE TANIA , SALMAYENTI RESTI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Asyura MF, June T, Salmayenti R. 2023. Bowen ratio and evapotranspiration dynamics of oil palm. Intl J Trop Drylands 7: 37-45. To optimize its biophysical processes, plant needs water and this requirement can be quantified as Evapotranspiration (ET). There are various methods for estimating ET from a vegetated surface, and Bowen ratio is one method commonly used for agricultural purposes. We use Bowen ratio method to estimate ET from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantation in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VI, Batang Hari, Jambi Province, Indonesia for the period 2014-2015 using observed micrometeorology data and looked at the strength of micrometeorological components in influencing the daily and diurnal patterns, which include net radiation (Rnetto), heat fluxes (latent LE and sensible H), actual vapor pressure (ea), soil moisture (SM), wind speed (WS), air temperature (Ta), ground heat fluxes (G), and LE-H. We found that the daily pattern of Bowen ratio was strongly influenced by LE-H, LE, H, SM, shown by a correlation coefficient of -0.85, -0.75, 0.84, -0.58, respectively. The diurnal pattern of Bowen ratio was affected by ea with a correlation coefficient of -0.52, while daily ET was strongly influenced by Rnetto, LE-H, H, Bowen ratio with a correlation coefficient of 0.85, 0.95, -0.63, -0.75 respectively. WS, Ta, Rnetto, G, ea, RH and LE-H affected diurnal ET with a correlation coefficient of 0.72, 0.72, 0.96, 0.89, 0.51, -0.64 and 0.9, respectively. Within this period of 2014-2015 there were 7 months where rainfall was greater than ET (wet period December 2014 to April 2015, November 2015) and 5 months where rainfall was lower than ET (dry period May 2015 to October 2015). During this long dry period of 2015, caused by strong El Nino events, oil palms became vulnerable to drought.
Linear and nonlinear characterization of a broadband integrated Si-rich silicon nitride racetrack ring resonator for on-chip applications
Authors: Mondal Partha , P. Venkatachalam , Singh Radhakant , Shelwade Sneha , Sushma Gali , Selvaraja Shankar K.
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate the linear and nonlinear characterization of a
plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon-rich silicon nitride
(SRSN) racetrack ring resonator for on-chip applications within the
telecommunication wavelength range. The SRSN waveguide parameters are
optimized by employing the refractive index profile measured by
ellipsometry to achieve flat dispersion in the telecom band.
Furthermore, we measure the thermo-optic coefficient of the
micro-resonator by analyzing the temperature-dependent transmission
spectra and assess it to be 3.2825×10−5∘C−1. Additionally, we study
power-dependent transmission spectra to investigate the effect of
local heating and nonlinear absorption. The power-dependent
transmission spectra exhibit a blueshifting of the resonance peak in
the visible and near-IR regions, which indicates the presence of
nonlinear losses in that range. The power-dependent transmission
spectra almost remain unchanged in the telecom band, revealing the
absence of nonlinear losses and excellent thermal stability in that
wavelength range. Our experimental results reveal that the SRSN-based
structure can be employed potentially to realize linear and nonlinear
applications in the telecom band.
Machine learning for a Vernier-effect-based optical fiber sensor
Authors: Zhu Chen , Alsalman Osamah , Naku Wassana
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the optical Vernier effect has been demonstrated as an effective tool to improve the sensitivity of optical fiber interferometer-based sensors, potentially facilitating a new generation of highly sensitive fiber sensing systems. Previous work has mainly focused on the physical implementation of Vernier-effect-based sensors using different combinations of interferometers, while the signal demodulation aspect has been neglected. However, accurate and reliable extraction of useful information from the sensing signal is critically important and determines the overall performance of the sensing system. In this Letter, we, for the first time, propose and demonstrate that machine learning (ML) can be employed for the demodulation of optical Vernier-effect-based fiber sensors. ML analysis enables direct, fast, and reliable readout of the measurand from the optical spectrum, avoiding the complicated and cumbersome data processing required in the conventional demodulation approach. This work opens new avenues for the development of Vernier-effect-based high-sensitivity optical fiber sensing systems.
METER (Mental health emergency response) program: Findings of psychological impact status and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare workers in public hospital in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Muhamad Nor Asiah , Subhas Natasha , Mustapha Normi , Abdullah Norni , Muhamad Rasat Muhammad Arif , AB Ghani Rimah Melati , Tahir Fatin Athira , Ishak Anne Nik Ismaliza , Sivasubramaniam Vevehkanandar , Hassan Alinazarine , Goh William Wei Liang , Teng Kok Liang , Abdul Manan Ainul Izzah , Mokhtar Rosmawati , Baljit Singh Amrit Kaur , Ng Kher Shean
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the greatest challenge of the new millennium. Most healthcare workers (HCWs) experienced unprecedented levels of workload since the pandemic. This study aims to identify the prevalence and factors of depression, anxiety and stress among HCWs in Malaysian healthcare facilities in the midst of the pandemic due to the SARs-CoV-2.

Methods

An emergency response programme on mental health was conducted from June to September 2020. A standardized data collection form was distributed among the HCWs in the government hospital in Klang Valley. The form contained basic demographic information and the self-reported Malay version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (BM DASS-21).

Results

Of the1,300 staff who attended the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Covid-19 (MHPSS COVID-19) programme, 996 staff (21.6% male, 78.4% female) completed the online survey (response rate: 76.6%). Result showed that staff aged above 40 years old were almost two times more likely to have anxiety (AOR = 1.632; 95% CI = 1.141–2.334, p:0.007) and depression (AOR = 1.637; 95% CI = 1.1.06–2.423, p:0.014) as compared to staff who were less than 40 years old. Those who had direct involvement with COVID-19 patients were likely to suffer stress (AOR = 0.596; 95% CI = 0.418–0.849, p:0.004), anxiety (AOR = 0.706; 95% Ci = 0.503–0.990, p:0.044) and depression (AOR = 0.630; 95% Ci = 0.427–0.928, p:0.019). HCWs with stress (AOR = 0.638; 95% CI of 0.476–0.856, p = 0.003), anxiety (AOR = 0.720; 95% CI 0.542–0.958, p = 0.024) and depression (AOR = 0.657; 95% CI 0.480–0.901, p = 0.009) showed less confidence to treat critically ill patients and need psychological help during outbreak.

Conclusion

This study showed the importance of psychosocial support to reduce psychological distress among HCWs when working or coping during the COVID-19 pandemic or outbreak.
Combination of ultra-rapid DNA purification (PURE) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in dried blood spots
Authors: Longhi Silvia A. , García Casares Lady J. , Muñoz-Calderón Arturo A. , Alonso-Padilla Julio , Schijman Alejandro G.
Published: April 2023

Background

Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, is a persistent Public Health problem in Latin America and other, non-endemic, countries. Point-of-care (POC) sensitive methods are still needed to improve and extend early diagnosis in acute infections such as congenital Chagas disease. The objective of this study was to analytically evaluate in the lab the performance of a qualitative POC molecular test (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), Eiken, Japan) for rapid diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease employing FTA cards or Whatman 903 filter paper as solid supports for small-scale volumes of human blood.

Methodology/principal findings

We used human blood samples artificially infected with cultured T. cruzi strains to assess the analytical performance of the test in comparison with liquid blood anticoagulated with heparin. The DNA extraction process was evaluated using the ultrarapid purification system PURE manufactured by Eiken Chemical Company (Tokio, Japan) over artificially infected liquid blood or different amounts of dried blood spot (DBS) 3- and 6-mm pieces of FTA and Whatman 903 paper. LAMP was performed on a AccuBlock (LabNet, USA) heater or in the Loopamp LF-160 incubator (Eiken, Japan), and visualization of results was either done at naked eye, using the LF-160 device or P51 Molecular Fluorescence Viewer (minipcr bio, USA). Best conditions tested showed a limit of detection (LoD) with 95% accuracy (19/20 replicates) of 5 and 20 parasites/mL, respectively for heparinized fluid blood or DBS samples. FTA cards showed better specificity than Whatman 903 filter paper.

Conclusions/significance

Procedures to operate LAMP reactions from small volumes of fluid blood or DBS in FTA were standardized for LAMP detection of T. cruzi DNA. Our results encourage prospective studies in neonates born to seropositive women or oral Chagas disease outbreaks to operationally evaluate the method in the field.
Stock market prediction using Altruistic Dragonfly Algorithm
Authors: Chatterjee Bitanu , Acharya Sayan , Bhattacharyya Trinav , Mirjalili Seyedali , Sarkar Ram
Published: April 2023

Stock market prediction is the process of determining the value of a company’s shares and other financial assets in the future. This paper proposes a new model where Altruistic Dragonfly Algorithm (ADA) is combined with Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) for stock market prediction. ADA is a meta-heuristic algorithm which optimizes the parameters of LS-SVM to avoid local minima and overfitting, resulting in better prediction performance. Experiments have been performed on 12 datasets and the obtained results are compared with other popular meta-heuristic algorithms. The results show that the proposed model provides a better predictive ability and demonstrate the effectiveness of ADA in optimizing the parameters of LS-SVM.
Association of epicardial fat with cardiac structure and function and cardiovascular outcomes: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fukuta Hidekatsu , Goto Toshihiko , Kamiya Takeshi
Published: April 2023

Background

Epicardial fat represents visceral adiposity. Many observational studies have reported that increased epicardial is associated with adverse metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases and in general population. We and others have previously reported the association of increased epicardial fat with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction as well as the development of heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease in these populations. In some studies, however, the association did not reach statistical significance. The inconsistent results may be due to limited power, different imaging modalities for quantifying epicardial fat volume, and different outcome definitions. Accordingly, we aim to perform the systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the association of epicardial fat with cardiac structure and function and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis will include observational studies examining the association of epicardial fat with cardiac structure and function or the cardiovascular outcomes. Relevant studies will be identified by searching electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and by manual screening of reference lists of relevant reviews and retrieved studies. The primary outcome will be cardiac structure and function. The secondary outcome will be cardiovascular events including death from cardiovascular causes, hospitalization for HF, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina.

Discussion

The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis will provide evidence regarding the clinical usefulness of epicardial fat assessment.

Systematic review registration

INPLASY 202280109.
Comparison of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification on corneal impact: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang Hanle , Chen Xinyi , Xu Jingjie , Yao Ke
Published: April 2023

This meta-analysis aims to compare corneal injuries and function after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) and high-quality prospective comparative cohort studies comparing FLACS with CPS. Endothelial cell loss percentage (ECL%), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial cell loss (ECL), percentage of the hexagonal cell (6A), and coefficient of variance (CoV) were used as an indicator of corneal injury and function. Totally 42 trials (23 RCTs and 19 prospective cohort studies), including 3916 eyes, underwent FLACS, and a total of 3736 eyes underwent CPS. ECL% is significantly lower in the FLACS group at 1–3 days (P = 0.005), 1 week (P = 0.004), 1 month (P<0.0001), 3 months (P = 0.001), and 6 months (P = 0.004) after surgery compared to CPS. ECD and ECL appeared no statistically significant difference between the two groups, except for the significant reduction of ECD at 3 months in the CPS group (P = 0.002). CCT was significantly lower in the FLACS group at 1 week (P = 0.05) and 1 month (P = 0.002) early postoperatively. While at 1–3 days (P = 0.50), 3 months (P = 0.18), and 6 months (P = 0.11), there was no difference between the FLACS group and the CPS group. No significant difference was found in the percentage of hexagonal cells and the coefficient of variance. FLACS, compared with CPS, reduces corneal injury in the early postoperative period. Corneal edema recovered faster in the FLACS group in the early postoperative period. In addition, FLACS may be a better option for patients with corneal dysfunction.
The impact of social media use on student engagement and acculturative stress among international students in China
Authors: Dwumah Manu Blessing , Ying Feng , Oduro Daniel , Antwi John , Yakubu Adjuik Robert
Published: April 2023

Despite the widespread use of modern social media, relatively less is known about the impact of social media on the acculturation processes of international students in China and their engagement in school activities. Accordingly, this research intends to assess the influence of social media usage while answering questions such as how using social media can improve international students’ acculturation process from both psychological/mental and behavioural standpoints, as well as whether international students’ acculturation promotes students’ engagement in school activities, among other questions. The role of self-identification in mediating the connection between social media usage and international students’ acculturation is also investigated. Primary data were gathered from 354 international students studying at various universities around China. The results show that international students use of social media improves their acculturation process and engagement in school activities through information sharing, establishing contacts, and entertainment. The study’s limitations and future directions are also highlighted.
Frequency, types and predictors of drug therapy problems among non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Hayat Muhammad , Ahmad Nafees , Mohkumuddin Syed , Ali Khan Syed Liaquat , Khan Amer Hayat , Haq Noman Ul , Haque Naheed , Khan Amjad
Published: April 2023

Background

Drug therapy problems (DTPs) are common among patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is a lack of information about DTPs and its predictors among CKD patients from Pakistan.

Objectives

To evaluate the frequency, type and predictors of various types of DTPs among CKD patients at a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan.

Methodology

This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta between 1-11-2020 and 31-1-2021. It included 303 non-dialysis ambulatory patients of CKD-stage 3 and above. Cipolle et al., criterion was used for classifying the DTPs and a clinician at the study site checked the identified DTPs for accuracy. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23. Multivariate analysis was conducted to find the predictors of individual types of DTPs. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The patients received a total of 2265 drugs with a median of eight drugs per patient (range: 3–15 drugs). A total of 576 DTPs were identified among 86.1% patients with a median of two DTPs (interquartile range 1–3) per patient.Dosage too high(53.5%) was the most common DTP followed byadverse drug reactions (ADRs)(50.5%) andneed of additional drug therapy(37.6%). In multivariate analysis, patients’ age of >40 years emerged as a predictor ofunnecessary drug therapyanddosage too high. The odds ofneeding a different drug productwas significantly high in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Thedosage too lowhad significant association with CVD. The risk ofADRswas significantly high in elderly patients (>60 years) and those with CVD. The presence of hypertension, DM and CKD stage-5 emerged as predictors ofdosage too high.

Conclusion

This study revealed a high prevalence of DTPs among CKD patients. Targeted interventions in high risk patients may reduce the frequency of DTPs at the study site.
Physiotherapist beliefs and perspectives on virtual reality supported rehabilitation for the management of musculoskeletal shoulder pain: A focus group study
Authors: Brady Niamh , Dejaco Beate , Lewis Jeremy , McCreesh Karen , McVeigh Joseph G.
Published: April 2023

Background

Virtual Reality (VR) is an immersive computer-generated environment that provides a multi-sensory experience for the user. Modern technology allows the user to explore and interact with the virtual environment, offering opportunities for rehabilitation. The use of immersive VR in the management of musculoskeletal shoulder pain is relatively new and research is required to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness in this field.

Aim

The aims of this study were, firstly, to explore physiotherapists’ beliefs and perspectives of immersive VR as a platform for rehabilitation in patients with musculoskeletal shoulder pain, secondly, to identify potential barriers and facilitators to using VR in a musculoskeletal setting and thirdly, to gain insight from clinicians that would inform the development of a VR intervention for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal shoulder pain.

Methods

This study used qualitative descriptive design methodology. A series of three focus group interviews were carried out, via Microsoft Teams. Physiotherapists received an Oculus Quest™ headset to use at home prior to the focus group interviews. A six-phase process of reflexive thematic analysis was carried out to identify themes within the data. Atlas Ti Qualitative Data Analysis software was used to facilitate thematic analysis.

Results

Five themes were identified within the data. They reflected physiotherapists beliefs that VR provides novel opportunities for shoulder rehabilitation and may offer new avenues for managing movement-related fear and improving concordance with rehabilitation. However, barriers related to safety and practical considerations associated with using VR were also identified in the final themes.

Conclusion

These findings provide valuable insight into clinician acceptability of immersive VR as a platform for rehabilitation and the need for further research to answer the questions posed by physiotherapists in the current study. This research will contribute to human-centered design of VR-supported interventions for managing musculoskeletal shoulder pain.
A comprehensive performance analysis of sequence-based within-sample testing NIPT methods
Authors: Mokveld Tom , Al-Ars Zaid , Sistermans Erik A. , Reinders Marcel
Published: April 2023

Background

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing is often performed by utilizing read coverage-based profiles obtained from shallow whole genome sequencing to detect fetal copy number variations. Such screening typically operates on a discretized binned representation of the genome, where (ab)normality of bins of a set size is judged relative to a reference panel of healthy samples. In practice such approaches are too costly given that for each tested sample they require the resequencing of the reference panel to avoid technical bias. Within-sample testing methods utilize the observation that bins on one chromosome can be judged relative to the behavior of similarly behaving bins on other chromosomes, allowing the bins of a sample to be compared among themselves, avoiding technical bias.

Results

We present a comprehensive performance analysis of the within-sample testing method Wisecondor and its variants, using both experimental and simulated data. We introduced alterations to Wisecondor to explicitly address and exploit paired-end sequencing data. Wisecondor was found to yield the most stable results across different bin size scales while producing more robust calls by assigning higher Z-scores at all fetal fraction ranges.

Conclusions

Our findings show that the most recent available version of Wisecondor performs best.