bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the Published Literature Confirms the Safety of Intravenous
Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Barmada Amir , Sharan Joshua , Band Nicolas , Rumschlag Tobias , Yaqub Arwah , Liebman Eliana , Prodromos Chadwick
Published: August 2022

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to decrease inflammation and
enhance healing due to their immunomodulatory properties and secretion of growth factors. Intravenous
infusion is the most common delivery route of MSCs, and it is used for the treatment of a wide variety of
conditions, with established efficacy.

Objective:

This review will analyze the safety of intravenous infusion of MSCs and determine the incidence
of any possible resultant Serious Adverse Events (SAEs).

Methods:

Using PubMed, we searched the scientific literature to identify SAEs related to intravenous
infusion of MSCs. We performed disease-specific searches and a general adverse event search.

Results:

A total of 70 studies were included in this review. Thousands of infusions were administered and
only two SAEs were identified from the same study. The SAEs were two upper extremity thromboembolisms
in patients with preexisting renal disease.

Conclusion:

Properly performed intravenous infusion of MSCs is very safe, with a near absence of reported
serious adverse events associated with its use.
Therapeutic Role of Phytophenol Gallic Acid for the Cure of COVID-19
Pathogenesis
Authors: Baraskar Kirti , Thakur Pratibha , Shrivastava Renu , Shrivastava Vinoy K.
Published: August 2022

The SARS CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19 uses the ACE-2 receptor of
the host to penetrate and infect the cell, mainly in the pulmonary, renal, and cardiac tissues. The
earlier reported Delta and the recent Omicron are the variants of concern. The mutations in the RBD
region of spike protein are associated with increased RBD-ACE-2 receptor interaction. This binding
affinity between spike protein and the receptor is greater in Omicron than in the Delta variant. Moreover,
the Omicron variant has numerous hydrophobic amino acids in the RBD region of the spike
protein, which maintain its structural integrity. Gallic acid is a phytophenol and shows high binding
affinity toward the ACE-2 receptors, which may be helpful for better outcomes in the treatment of
COVID-19 pathogenesis. In the present study, significant data were collected from different databases
i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science by using keywords like anti-oxidative,
anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of gallic acid, in addition to receptor-based
host cell interaction of SARS CoV-2 virus. The finding shows that gallic acid can reduce inflammation
by attenuating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to suppress the release of ICAM-1, a
cell surface glycoprotein; various pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL 1-β, IL-6, IL-10, and
chemokines like CCL-2,5, CXCL-8 along with tissue infiltration by immune cells. The purpose of
this review is to highlight the therapeutic potential of gallic acid in COVID-19 pathogenesis based
on its strong anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti- microbial properties.
Review on Research Progress of Flexible Soft Manipulator
Authors: Tang Liqiang , Xie Baocheng
Published: August 2022

Background:

Manipulator is widely used in the manufacturing industry because it can
imitate some movements of human hands, and replace human hands to complete some high-risk and
heavy labor or carry out man-machine cooperation. Flexible soft manipulator made of flexible materials
is a new field of the manipulator. Investigation of the material and driving mode of the flexible
soft manipulator is helpful to improve the flexibility and force position control when grasping objects.
Therefore, researchers pay more and more attention to the development trend of the flexible
soft manipulator.

Objective:

In order to optimize the driving mode and materials of a flexible soft manipulator, pneumatic-
driven flexible soft manipulator and variable stiffness flexible soft manipulator are developed.

Methods:

This paper summarizes the selection, classification and introduction of patents related to
pneumatic drive and variable stiffness in the flexible soft manipulator.

Results:

Through the investigation of various patents on flexible soft manipulators, the main existing
problems in flexible soft manipulators, such as small grasping range and insufficient driving
force, are summarized and analyzed. In addition, the development trend of flexible soft manipulators
is also discussed.

Conclusion:

The optimization of the driving mode and materials of the manipulator is beneficial to
improve the driving force and grasping force. More related patents will be invented in the future.
Emojis in Deceptive Online Communication: The Frequency and Type of Emoji in Deceptive and NonDeceptive Online Messages
Authors: Walther Michelle , Petrov Petar , Smith Ryan , Young Danielle , de Vries Peter W. , Stel Marielle
Published: August 2022

Background:

Little research has been done on nonverbal deception cues in computer-mediated communication (CMC). However, deception is a daily occurrence and since much communication is shifting towards CMC, it is important to understand the difference between truthful and deceptive messages.

Objective:

This research obtained more insight in the use of emoji in deceptive messages by answering the question: Are the frequency and type of emoji different in deceptive compared to truthful online messages?

Methods:

Participants sent three screenshots of deceptive, and truthful messages to WhatsApp. The used emoji were counted and sorted into levels of valence (positive, negative, and neutral) and intensity (strong versus weak).

Results:

The results indicated that participants used more negative, weak emoji in deceptive compared with truthful messages and more positive, weak, and strong emoji in truth compared with deceit. No difference was found for the emoji frequency.

Discussion:

The results are discussed in the light of earlier research. However, this is the first study investigating the use of emoji in the context of computer-mediated deception.

Conclusion:

The type of emoji can be indicative of used as a nonverbal deception cue in online messages.
Diagnostic Value of Chest CT scan for COVID-19 Suspected Cases and Its Compatibility with RT-PCR Method: A Survey from Jiroft, Iran
Authors: Razzaghi Alireza , Sardu Ehsan Goroei , Kargar Shiva , Barfar Eshagh , Yusefi Ali Reza , Hoveidaei Armin , Clark Cain C. T. , Daneshi Salman
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Accurate diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease is important. Currently, chest computed tomography (CT) and reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are being used for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease. This study was performed to evaluate the Chest computed tomography (CT) diagnostic value in comparison with the RT - PCR method among COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on suspected cases of COVID-19 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft, Iran. Studied patients were evaluated via both a chest CT scan and nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Data was collected using a self-administered checklist, including demographic information, medical history, and symptoms of COVID-19, chest CT scan, and RT-PCR findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS-V21.

Results:

One thousand and ninety (1090) cases participated in the study; the mean age of the cases of COVID-19 was 48.20± 7.31 years old. The results of the RT-PCR test were 410 (37.6%) positive and 680 (62.4%) negative cases. According to the results of RT-PCR, which is the gold standard method, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of chest CT were 98.5%. (99.4-96.8 CI: 95%), 55.7% (59.5 – 51.9 CI: 95%), 71.5% (74.4 -69.0 CI: 95%), 57.3% (60.9 – 53.5 CI: 95%), and 98.4% (99.4% - 99.6 CI: 95%), respectively.

Discussion:

The results of the present study showed that a chest CT scan is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable method for screening and early detection, which requires knowledge of its common radiologic patterns. However, the results showed that the use of this method has low specificity, so it cannot be used for definitive diagnosis and should be used as a complementary method concomitant to the RT - PCR test.
Nanomedicine “New Food for an Old Mouth”: Novel Approaches for the
Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Handali Somayeh , Haririan Ismaeil , Vaziri Mohammad , Dorkoosh Farid Abedin
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus. Developing
specific drugs for inhibiting replication and viral entry is crucial. Several clinical trial studies
are underway to evaluate the efficacy of anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 patients. Nanomedicine
formulations can present a novel strategy for targeting the virus life cycle. Nano-drug delivery systems
can modify the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties of anti-viral drugs and reduce
their adverse effects. Moreover, nanocarriers can directly exhibit anti-viral effects. A number
of nanocarriers have been studied for this purpose, including liposomes, dendrimers, exosomes and
decoy nanoparticles (NPs). Among them, decoy NPs have been considered more as nanodecoys can
efficiently protect host cells from the infection of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review article is to
highlight the probable nanomedicine therapeutic strategies to develop anti-viral drug delivery systems
for the treatment of COVID-19.
Moral Emotions in the Latin-America: A Socio-cultural and Socioeconomic
Analysis
Authors: Javela Jose Julian , Londoño-Cortés María Antonia , Idárraga-López Maria Camila , Mercadillo Roberto E. , Cudris-Torres Lorena
Published: August 2022

Background:

Understanding how people respond to societal problems requires analyzing the experience and expression of moral emotions (ME). Despite the fact that various
research on moral emotions have been conducted in Latin America, this analysis has yet to be
completed, despite the fact that it is particularly important due to its link to violence and inequality.

Methods:

The goal of this paper is to evaluate ME research in Latin America and discuss it
within the context of a socio-cultural and socio-economic analysis of this region of the world.
The PRISMA searching method was applied in Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and
Redalyc databases

Results:

The findings revealed 58 publications in Latin America that dealt with moral feelings
and were consequently studied. Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Chile are the countries that
have tackled the issue the most. Compassion, devotion, and gratitude were the three most explored MS and associated themes.

Conclusion:

The impact of moral emotions on persons living in various Latin American environments, as well as their prosocial acts aimed at combating violence and inequality, is revealed.
Carbon Nanotube Based Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Prakash Ravi , Kumar Sunil , Maiti Pralay
Published: August 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their nanocomposites are used in various
products and technologies due to their unique characteristics. For their future
implementation, the manufacturing of CNTs with appropriate specifications has gained
momentum in the area of nanoscience and technology. Conventional phase change
materials used in solar thermal energy storage have low thermal conductivity. CNTs
are used to prepare phase change materials with high thermal conductivity to solve this
issue. This chapter addresses the synthesis, structure, and properties of CNTs. The
different varieties of solar energy storage systems used to store solar radiation are also
discussed. Further, we explain the phase change materials (PCMs) as suitable solar
thermal energy storage systems and discuss the methods to prepare CNT-based
nanomaterials for use as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) after using the CNTs based PCMs
in solar storage systems. CNT based nanomaterials as a heat transfer fluid significantly
increase the effective receiving efficiency, thermal conductivity, and absorption
coefficient of such storage systems.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Nanocomposite for Optical Memory and Next Generation Display Applications
Authors: Varghese Harris , Abhilash T.K. , Chandran Achu
Published: August 2022

The dispersion of nanomaterials in ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) has
turned out to be a promising method for fabricating optical memory devices and
tuneable electro-optical materials. In a nanosuspension between FLC and nanoparticles,
the presence of the dopant particles creates a synergic interaction with host FLC, which
leads to the improvement of electro-optical properties. Tailoring with nanoparticles of
suitable size, concentration, and compatibility results in various fascinating effects and
new multifaceted composites for electro-optical devices. Adding nano-sized materials
such as metallic, semiconducting, insulating or other functional species into the FLC
matrix is a fertile method, giving rise to or increases in memory retention and other
electro-optical properties that can replace the current electro-optical devices. These
advancements depend on the harmony between the guest and host materials. This
chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the present technologies and enhancements
that have been acquired in nanoparticle/FLC composite systems, especially for optical
memory devices and display applications.
Next-Generation Energy Storage and Optoelectronic Nanodevices
Authors: Panda Debabrata , Gangawane Krunal M.
Published: August 2022

Among the variety of nanostructures that have been explored as a favorable
material for the application of higher energy storage devices as supercapacitors,
catalysts in high-performance batteries, proton exchange membranes in fuel cells,
optoelectronic devices, and so on, 2D & 3D nanostructure of graphene-based
derivatives, metal oxides and dichalcogenides have received the most potential
attention for building high-performance nano-devices due to their extraordinary
properties. Over the past decade, several efforts have been implemented to design,
develop, and evaluate electrodes' structures for enhanced energy storage devices. A
significant modification has achieved the remarkable performance of these synthesized
devices in terms of energy storage capacity, conversion efficiency, and the reliability of
the devices to meet practical applications' demands. Light-emitting diode (LED) in
quantum well or quantum dots is considered an important aspect for an enhanced
optoelectronic device. This current study outlines different 3D nanostructures for next generation energy storage devices. It provides a systematic summary of the advantages
of 3D nanostructures in perspective to next-generation energy storage devices,
photocatalytic devices, solar cells, a counter electrode for metal-ion batteries, and
supercapacitors, optoelectronic nano-devices.
corelation of pharmaceutical services with the incidence of side effects of phase III COVID vaccination participants in RS Tingkat II Udayana
Authors: Nugraha Iwan Saka , Udi Wahyuni W.
Published: August 2022

Background  Presiden Regulation No. 99 of 2020 requires Indonesian citizens to vaccinate against COVID-19 to prevent the transmission and severity of COVID-19. Pharmaceutical services are a tangible manifestation in realizing a comfortable and safe COVID-19 vaccination to reduce the risk of side effects Objective: this study aims to study the relationship of pharmaceutical services to the incidence of side effects of covid-19 vaccination after III at RS Tingkat II Udayana. Method:  The reseach desaign was cross-sectional study which used analytical survey The population in the study was all participants of the COVID-19 vaccine in June at RS Tingkat II Udayana as many as 500 people. The sample in this study used a total sampling technique. Data collection in this study used primary data. Data analysis is carried out univariately and bivariately. Results: Participants in the third phase of vaccination were dominated by Astrazeneca vaccination users 245 people (49%), no history of comorbidities 435 people (87%), vaccination participants had a normal BMI of 310 people (62%),normal glucose level of 490 (98%), and normal tension of 450 people (90%). The results showed that patients were satisfied with pharmaceutical services related to handling side effects of fever, muscle pain and fatigue.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Urine as a Potential Non-Invasive Method for Determine Kidney Damage in Predialysis Patients
Authors: Titisari Nurina , Hernowati Tinny Endang , Ratnawati Retty , Fauzi Ahmad , Gunawan Atma , Jaya Wiwi
Published: August 2022

NGAL expression in acute kidney failure is well known. It is approved that NGAL expression occurs earlier than the level of BUN and creatinine in acute kidney failure. NGAL is not only expressed in the blood but also in the urine, where urine collection has many advantages over blood collection. This study aims to observed the expression of NGAL in predialysis patients and to determine the correlation between NGAL serum and NGAL urine of patients. The sample was taken from healthy persons as control and predialysis patients. The examination of BUN, creatinine, and urinalysis were done to approve the diagnose in predialysis patients. While NGAL in serum and urine were analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that the concentration of NGAL in serum was higher in the predialysis patients compared to the healthy subjects (p<0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between the NGAL in the serum and the NGAL in the urine (r= 0.98 and p<0.000). It is concluded that the non-invasive examination of NGAL in urine can be choose rather than using serum NGAL. However, it must be noted that NGAL could be used for chronic renal failure in predialysis patients as long as other biomarkers have been proven.
Social Psychological Dynamics of the Saddamist and ISIS genocides in Iraq
Authors: خزعل جبر لؤي
Published: August 2022

Genocide is an attempt to wipe out an entire group of human beings, either directly by killing them, or indirectly by creating conditions favorable to their death, for disciplinary purposes aimed at punishing, blaming and retaliating against the victim, routine institutionalization in the context of war, utilitarianism aimed at achieving a specific gain, A monopoly aimed at identifying the dominant in power, and an ideology aimed at creating an optimal society and erasing all that is impure. The scientific study of genocide in a calm cognitive way is a humanitarian and historical necessity, because the horrific and tragic outcomes of this phenomenon threaten the depth of human existence and human values. It is a complex phenomenon that can be approached from multiple sides, philosophical, political, sociological, economic, historical and psychological, each of these approaches has a great value in understanding the phenomenon, but the psychological and social dimensions are at the core of these approaches. In a previous study by the researcher on the Iraqi historical memory (Ghabr, 2014), the strength of the presence of the genocides - Saddamism and terrorism - was found among the most important events in contemporary Iraqi history in the Iraqi historical memory, and it fell within the first factor (suffering) in the content of that memory, the factor that Intertwined with a complex web of relationships with political cultures and social movements. Therefore, the current study will work on clarifying the psychosocial dynamics of genocide through a comprehensive review of the specialized literature, and employing those insights in understanding the genocide in the Iraqi context, as the Iraqi context witnessed multiple and horrific genocide campaigns, in the time of totalitarianism and Daaeshism, and such an approach constitutes an existential necessity in Iraq.
"The war of shrines and mosques Between sectarian escalation and ideological atonement"
Authors: Mendeel Hassan Hassan
Published: August 2022

"The systematic targeting of shrines, shrines and holy shrines is a clear conflict between truth and falsehood, which derives its roots from the extremist takfiri ideology that afflicted the body of the nation. The war of shrines and mosques has two sides: political and ideological. There are groups that do not believe in shrines, regardless of the status of their owners, and one of the priorities of their political program is to escalate sectarian strife to the climax, and there has become a pattern of crimes that are being carried out in the service of the takfiri doctrine that sees in the righteous servants of God from the people of the Prophet’s House and in their graves mere idols that must be demolished and purified The land is from it, and therefore crime is an .ideological act with a political dimension rather than a political act"
"الوصم اإلجتماعى وعالقته بالتفكري اإلجيابى – السلبى لدى املوظفني الهاجني نو عملاا اأنفال فى نهطقة كةرنااى"
Authors: Mahmood Ali Sozan
Published: August 2022

"This study aims to identify the level, the total degree of social stigma, and its relationship to the positive-negative thinking among employees who survived the Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The current study population represents the remains of victims of Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan. The sample size was (80) males, and (70) females, they were chosen randomly A tool was prepared by the researcher, and divided into (6) dimensions (2) for social stigmatization and (4) for positive thinking, and the validity and reliability of the scale were verified. The validity of the study objectives. The study reached a set of results, which are Symptoms of social stigma and negative thinking are prevalent among employees who survive Anfal operations, there are statistically significant differences that the average scores of females increase the average degrees of males in symptoms of social stigma and negative thinking among employees who survive Anfal operations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and there is a positive, statistically significant correlation between stigma Social and Positive-Negative Thinking among Employees Survivors of the Genocide (Anfal). There is a positive, statistically significant, correlation between social stigma and positive-negative thinking among employees who have survived the genocide (Anfal). At the end of the study, the researcher put together a set of recommendations and suggestions"
پهيوهندى اتوانى جينۆسايد و دادگهريىى جيهانى و رۆڵى له گۆڕانى چهمكى ايساد
Authors: Hamah Saeed Tahseen
Published: August 2022

ههردوو اببهتى اتوانى جينۆسايد و دادگهرى جيهانى پهيوهنيدان به ايساى نێودهوڵهتييهوه ههيه؛ يهكهميان وهك اتو انێكىنێودهوڵهتى و دووهميش يان لهبهرئهوهى كاتێك كه ابسى دادگهريىى جيهانى دهكرێت، ئيدى پهيوهندى به دهوڵهتهكان و دهز گا نێودهوڵهتييه پهبوهنديدارهكانهوه ههيه. ئهگهرچى زۆربهى تيۆرسێنهكانى دادگهرى انوهرۆكى ئهو چهمكهاين له انو كۆمهڵگه و له انو دهوڵهتهكاندا لێكداوهتهوه، تهاننهت ئهگهر ههوڵى ئهوهاين دابێت كه تيۆرايكانيان دهرابرهى عهدالهت له انوخۆى واڵتهكانهوه بۆ ئاس تى نێو دهوڵهتيش بگوا نزهوه) وهك ئهوهى فهيلهسو فى بهانوابنگى عهدالهت ) جۆن راوڵز( له كتێبه بهانوابنگهكهيدا) ايساى گهلن و گهڕ انهوه بۆ عهقڵىگش تى((1999,J, Rawls ( كردوويهتى، پێشئهويش كاتى فهيلهسوفى بهانوابنگى ئهڵمانى )ئيمانۆئێل كانت( تێزهكانى ايساى جيهانىو عهداڵهتىجيهانى بهرگرى لێدهكرد. ئهوا له سهردهمىتێكهڵبوونى مرۆڤايهتى و چوون بهانويهكترى نهتهوهكان و جيهانگيرى و زايتر بوونى پهيوهندى نێوان دهوڵهاتن و ابزرگانىجيهانىو پێويس تى دهستێوهردانى دهز گا و رێكخراوه جيهانييهكانىوهك نهتهوه يهكگرتووهكان، ههم بۆ چهس پاندنى ئاش تى جيهانى و ههميش بۆ رێگريكردن له پێش ێلكردنى مافهكانى مرۆڤ و ئهنجامدانى اتوانه نێو دهوڵهتييهكانى وهك جينۆسايد، چهمكى عهدالهتى جيهانى زۆرتر له انو اببهت و لێكۆڵينهوه ايساييهكاندا بهرچاو دهكهوێت و گهڕ ان به شوێن بنهماكانى عهدالهت له انو ايساى نێو دهوڵهتيدا ٍزێتر كهوتۆته بهرابس. اببهتى عهدالهتى جيهانى ههم رووى سزايىىههيه و ههميش رووى دابهشكارى ههيه. كه يهكهميان)رووه سزاييهكه( دهچێته انو بهشى يهكهم له دوو بهشهكهى عهدالهت كه ههر لهسهردهمى ئهرس تۆوه عهدالهتييان بۆ دابهشكر اوه، كه ئهويش دادگهرى چاككار ييانه) العدالة الصالحية( و دووهميش يان دادگهرى دابهشكارييانهيه) العدالة التوزيعية( كه خۆى له دابهشكارى عاديالنهى سهرچاوه سروش تييهكاندا دهبينێتهوه له ئاس تى جيهانيدا . تيۆرسێنهكانى دادگهر ى له ئاس تى جيهانيدا له ههوڵى تيۆراريزهكردنى ههردوو جۆرهكهدان. واته له ههوڵى ئهوهدان كه سزادانى اتوانباران به اتوانه جيهانييهكان و گێرانهوهى مافى اتوانبهرامبهركراوهكان و چاككردنى ابرودۆخيان ئهنجام بدهن. له ههمان كاتدا له ههوڵى خستنه رووى تيۆرايكانياندان له رووى دابهشكردنىهوهى عاديالنهى سهرچاوهكان له پێناو دابين كردنى خۆشگوزهرانى بۆ ههموو دانيش توانى گۆى زهوى و بنبركردنى ههژارى رێژهيىى و نهخۆشييه جيهانييهكان!
Gulf concerns about the development of the situation in Iraq during the events of 1991
Authors: عزيز داخل سعد
Published: August 2022

" Summary: The situation in Iraq after the events of the first Gulf War witnessed developments that contributed to the emergence of fears among the Arab Gulf states about the situation in Iraq, as the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and the coming of foreign forces to the Arabian Gulf and Iranian interference in the region raised fears of those events that took place in the region, so I worked The Gulf states should pay attention to ensuring its regional security and changing its policy towards the situation in Iraq, after it supported the fall of the regime. "
الجهاد وعالقته باإلبادة الجماعية
Authors: Muhammad Ameen Mustafa , Abdulla Ahmad Asia
Published: August 2022

"In the name of God, and prayers and peace be upon Muhammad, the God of the good and honorable, and his chosen companions, and after: The spread of terrorist extremists in our time, especially in our country Iraq, and their exploitation of ignorant Muslims and their deception in the name of religion, jihad, and the Islamic state, necessitates all of us to stand in one row to show the lies of their words and their fabrications against religion, and that the most important terminology and slogans that they raised is _ jihad _ and they tried to exterminate some of them. Individuals and groups present in the areas that they controlled in his name. In this research, we touched on the concept of jihad in the legal texts. We tried to discuss the verses or hadiths that were famous on the age and the flags of these terrorists. We mentioned the interpretation of the scholars and the application of these The verses are from the Sunnah of our Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, as well as the words of the Household, peace be upon them, and the nation’s scholars on the meaning of jihad. We have used our research with some videos and pictures that were published by terrorists, not their terrorist actions, and we concluded our research with the most important results that we reached"
The social foundations of peaceful coexistence in the Iraqi constitutions - a comparative study between texts and reality
Authors: أحمد براهیم شمال
Published: August 2022

" The process of building peaceful coexistence within societies is the basis upon which the entity of society and the state is based and its survival, and this process must be reflected in legal texts starting from the constitution and ending with laws, instructions and practices that include principles that contribute to: The stability of society and the state. But the lesson is not only in the texts, but these texts must be reflected in steps on the ground, so that they are integrated with each other, for the purpose of building a homogeneous and integrated society. If we look at modern Iraqi history, we will find that there are three stages of the life of the Iraqi state that witnessed three constitutions that included the elements of peaceful coexistence, and reality witnessed obstacles to these ingredients and these three stages are: the stage of establishing the Iraqi state, which is represented in the Iraqi Basic Law of 1925, and The stage of changing the state’s pattern from a monarchy to a republic, the impact of a military coup, represented in the temporary Iraqi Constitution of 1958, and finally the stage of building the Iraqi state after 2003, represented in the permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005, and these stages and the events and developments they witnessed have raised several questions and Of which: - What are the principles of peaceful coexistence in theory? - What are the legal texts in the three Iraqi constitutions on the social foundations of peaceful coexistence, and were these texts reflected on the ground? - Is the reality of peaceful coexistence in Iraq consistent with the principles stated in the Iraqi constitutions, especially the 2005 constitution? The importance of this study comes from what it discussed in the foundations of peaceful coexistence within societies that witnessed internal conflicts, and the Iraqi society is not far from them, also through its research on the foundations of peaceful coexistence, especially social ones in the three comparative Iraqi constitutions and the extent of their manifestation in governmental or semi-governmental institutions government to consolidate the foundations of coexistence among the various components of Iraqi society. The main hypothesis of this research is (The texts of the constitution are not the only guarantor for building peaceful coexistence within society, unless these texts are reflected in the way state institutions deal with social components). For the purpose of answering the previous questions and verifying the mentioned hypothesis, we divided the research into the following two sections: The first topic dealt with the concept of peaceful coexistence and its principles and social foundations, while the second topic we searched for the principles of peaceful coexistence in the Iraqi constitutions compared with their social foundations, as we concluded the research In conclusion, it contains conclusions and recommendations, as well as a list of sources. "
Association Between Patient Factors and the Effectiveness of Wearable Trackers at Increasing the Number of Steps per Day Among Adults With Cardiometabolic Conditions: Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data From Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hodkinson Alexander , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Zghebi Salwa S , Grigoroglou Christos , McMillan Brian , Marwijk Harm van , Bower Peter , Tsimpida Dialechti , Emery Charles F , Burge Mark R , Esmiol Hunter , Cupples Margaret E , Tully Mark A , Dasgupta Kaberi , Daskalopoulou Stella S , Cooke Alexandra B , Fayehun Ayorinde F , Houle Julie , Poirier Paul , Yates Thomas , Henson Joseph , Anderson Derek R , Grey Elisabeth B , Panagioti Maria
Published: August 2022

Background

Current evidence supports the use of wearable trackers by people with cardiometabolic conditions. However, as the health benefits are small and confounded by heterogeneity, there remains uncertainty as to which patient groups are most helped by wearable trackers.

Objective

This study examined the effects of wearable trackers in patients with cardiometabolic conditions to identify subgroups of patients who most benefited and to understand interventional differences.

Methods

We obtained individual participant data from randomized controlled trials of wearable trackers that were conducted before December 2020 and measured steps per day as the primary outcome in participants with cardiometabolic conditions including diabetes, overweight or obesity, and cardiovascular disease. We used statistical models to account for clustering of participants within trials and heterogeneity across trials to estimate mean differences with the 95% CI.

Results

Individual participant data were obtained from 9 of 25 eligible randomized controlled trials, which included 1481 of 3178 (47%) total participants. The wearable trackers revealed that over the median duration of 12 weeks, steps per day increased by 1656 (95% CI 918-2395), a significant change. Greater increases in steps per day from interventions using wearable trackers were observed in men (interaction coefficient –668, 95% CI –1157 to –180), patients in age categories over 50 years (50-59 years: interaction coefficient 1175, 95% CI 377-1973; 60-69 years: interaction coefficient 981, 95% CI 222-1740; 70-90 years: interaction coefficient 1060, 95% CI 200-1920), White patients (interaction coefficient 995, 95% CI 360-1631), and patients with fewer comorbidities (interaction coefficient –517, 95% CI –1188 to –11) compared to women, those aged below 50, non-White patients, and patients with multimorbidity. In terms of interventional differences, only face-to-face delivery of the tracker impacted the effectiveness of the interventions by increasing steps per day.

Conclusions

In patients with cardiometabolic conditions, interventions using wearable trackers to improve steps per day mostly benefited older White men without multimorbidity.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42019143012; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=143012
Internet-Delivered Self-help for Adults With ADHD (MyADHD): Usability Study
Authors: Kenter Robin Maria Francisca , Schønning Adrian , Inal Yavuz
Published: August 2022

Background

Although effective pharmacological treatment exists, many adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prefer a nonpharmacological option for managing their symptoms. Internet-delivered self-help interventions have the potential to address this unmet supportive care need reported by adults with ADHD, at relatively low costs. However, if the intervention does not offer optimal functions, content, and layout, it could decrease adherence and engagement and potentially compromise the effectiveness of such interventions. Thus, there is a need for examining the usability and factors that enhance and impair the usability of internet-delivered self-help interventions.

Objective

This study evaluates the usability of an internet-delivered self-help intervention for adults with ADHD (MyADHD). The main goals were to (1) collect qualitative and quantitative data on usability and (2) identify usability problems.

Methods

Individual think-aloud interviews and staged usability testing (N=5) were conducted to evaluate the usability of the MyADHD intervention in terms of function, content, and design. MyADHD end users provided iterative feedback to maximize engagement and usability. They performed tasks involved in operating the intervention and provided “think-aloud” commentary and postsession usability ratings. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed.

Results

Participants were satisfied with the overall usability of the program. The average perceived usability score out of 100 was 70 for the first round of testing and improved to 77.5 after applying modifications, with a mean score of 75.5 (SD 5.9) for all rounds of usability testing. The analysis of the interviews revealed 3 central themes: functionality, content, and layout.

Conclusions

Optimizing the usability of internet-delivered self-guided interventions is a critical step in the design and development process. The usability testing in this study provided valuable information from users’ perspectives on the content and platform of the intervention. Analysis revealed the need for intervention enhancement with regard to design, functionality, and content from the perspective of potential end users. Overall, participants saw value in the MyADHD intervention and were confident that they could use it for the self-management of symptoms and expressed the desire to use the entire intervention when it becomes available. Through this development process, we produced an intervention that is likely to be used successfully and is ready for deployment in a randomized controlled trial.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04511169; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04511169
Transcultural Adaptation of and Theoretical Validation Models for the Spanish Version of the Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk Scale: Protocol for a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Garrote-Cámara Maria Elena , Juárez-Vela Raúl , Sufrate-Sorzano Teresa , Durante Angela , Ferrara Paolo , Terzoni Stefano , Pérez Jesús , Santolalla-Arnedo Iván
Published: August 2022

Background

The use of validated instruments means providing health professionals with reliable and valid tools. The Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) scale has proven to be valid and reliable in supporting the nursing evaluation of suicide risk in different languages and cultural environments.

Objective

The aims of our study are to translate and adapt the NGASR scale for the Spanish population and evaluate its psychometric properties in patients with suicide risk factors.

Methods

The translation, adaptation, and modeling of the tool will be performed. The sample will include 165 participants. The psychometric analysis will include reliability and validity tests of the tool’s internal structure. The tool’s reliability will be assessed by exploring internal consistency and calculating the Cronbach α coefficient; significance values of .70 or higher will be accepted as indicators of good internal consistency. The underlying factor structure of the Spanish version of the NGASR scale will be assessed by performing an exploratory factor analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy and the Bartlett sphericity statistic will be calculated beforehand. For the latter, if P is <.05 for the null hypothesis of sphericity, the null hypothesis will be rejected.

Results

Participants will be recruited between April 2022 and December 2022. Our study is expected to conclude in the first quarter of 2023.

Conclusions

We hope to find the same firmness that colleagues have found in other countries in order to consolidate and promote the use of the NGASR tool in the Spanish population. The prevention and treatment of suicidal behavior require holistic, multidisciplinary, and comprehensive management.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/39482
Evaluating the Public's Interest in Testicle Tanning: Observational Study
Authors: Ottwell Ryan , Cox Katherine , Dobson Taylor , Shah Muneeb , Hartwell Micah
Published: August 2022

Background

A new and potentially dangerous health trend, testicle tanning, received extensive media attention following a popular television program where a health and fitness influencer touted that testicular tanning increases testosterone levels. It has been shown that the public has a particular interest in tanning wellness trends; thus, given the vague nomenclature of the practice, the abundance of misleading information and support for using UV light by other health influencers may lead to an increase in men exposing themselves to UV radiation and developing associated complications.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the public’s interest in testicle tanning.

Methods

Relative search interest was collected from Google Trends, and daily tweet volume was collected using Twitter via Sprout Social. The search was filtered to observe internet activity between February 1, 2022, and August 18, 2022. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were applied to forecast the predicted values through April 30 to compare to the actual observed values immediately following the airing of the show.

Results

We found that the relative search interest for testicle tanning peaked (100) on April 19, 2022, following a discussion of the topic on a television program. Compared to the forecasted relative search interest of 1.36 (95% CI –3.29 to 6.01), had the topic not been discussed, it showed a 7252% increase in relative search interest. A similar spike was observed in the volume of tweets peaking on April 18 with 42,736. The expected number of tweets from the autoregressive integrated moving average model was 122 (95% CI –154 to 397), representing a 35,053% increase.

Conclusions

Our results show that the promotion of testicle tanning generated significant public interest in an evidence-lacking and potentially dangerous health trend. Dermatologists and other health care professionals should be aware of these new viral health trends to best counsel patients and combat health misinformation.
Conversational agents in healthcare: a scoping review of their behavior change techniques and underpinning theory (Preprint)
Authors: Martinengo Laura , Jabir Ahmad Ishqi , Goh Westin Wei Tin , Lo Nicholas Yong Wai , Ho Moon-Ho Ringo , Kowatsch Tobias , Atun Rifat , Michie Susan , Tudor Car Lorainne
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly used in healthcare to deliver behavior change interventions. Their evaluation often includes categorizing the behavior change techniques (BCTs), using a classification system of which the BCT Taxonomy V1 is one of the most common. Previous studies have presented descriptive summaries of behavior change interventions delivered by CAs, but no in-depth study reporting the use of BCTs in these interventions has been published to date.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to describe behavior change interventions delivered by CAs and identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) and theories guiding their design.

METHODS

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane’s CENTRAL, and the first ten pages of Google and Google Scholar in April 2021. We included primary, experimental studies evaluating a behavior change intervention delivered by a CA. BCTs coding followed the BCT Taxonomy v1. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data. Descriptive analysis and frequent itemset mining to identify BCT clusters were performed.

RESULTS

We included 47 studies reporting on mental health (n=19, 40%), chronic disorders (n=14, 30%), and lifestyle change (n=14, 30%) interventions. There were 20 embodied CAs (43%) and 27 CAs (57%) represented a female character. Most CAs were rule-based (n=34, 72%). Experimental interventions included 63 BCTs, (mean: 9 BCTs, range 2-21), while comparisons included 32 BCTs (mean: 2 BCTs, range 2-17). Most interventions included BCTs 4.1 instructions on how to perform a behavior (n=34, 72%), 3.3 social support (emotional) (n=27, 57%) and 1.2 problem solving (n=24, 51%). A total of 12 studies (26%) were informed by a behavior change theory, mainly the Transtheoretical Model and the Social Cognitive Theory. Studies using the same behavior change theory included different BCTs.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a need for the more explicit use of behavior change theories and improved reporting of BCTs in CA interventions to enhance the analysis of intervention effectiveness and improve the reproducibility of research.

CLINICALTRIAL
Automated identification of aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease using natural language processing: a pilot study (Preprint)
Authors: Pongdee Thanai , Larson Nicholas , Divekar Rohit , Bielinski Suzette , Liu Hongfang , Moon Sungrim
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an acquired inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and respiratory hypersensitivity reactions on ingestion of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Despite AERD having a classic constellation of symptoms, the diagnosis is often overlooked, with an average of greater than ten years between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of AERD. Without a diagnosis, individuals will lack opportunities to receive effective treatments such as aspirin desensitization or biologic medications.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to identify patients with AERD from an electronic health record (EHR).

METHODS

A rule-based NLP algorithm was developed using clinical documents from the EHR at Mayo Clinic. From clinical notes, seven features were extracted that included the following: AERD, asthma, NSAID allergy, nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, elevated urine leukotriene E4 level, and documented no-NSAID allergy by a health care provider. MedTagger was used to extract these seven features from the unstructured clinical text given a set of keywords and patterns based on the chart review of two allergy/immunology experts for AERD. The status of each extracted feature was represented as either present or absent per subject. To determine the representative combination of features to discriminate the different AERD features, we utilized the entropy approach of the decision tree classifier.

RESULTS

The AERD-NLP algorithm achieved an accuracy of 88.00% (95% CI=[82.10, 91.74]) and 84.50% (95% CI=[78.73, 89.22]) for the training and test set, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed a promising AERD-NLP algorithm that needs further refinement to improve AERD diagnosis accuracy. Continued development of NLP and other artificial intelligence technologies has the potential to reduce diagnostic delays for AERD and improve the health of our patients.
Prioritized Attributes on Black Rice Product Development: Kano Model Application
Authors: Wuryandani Shafira
Published: August 2022

Black rice is a functional food that contributes to its increasing of popular for consumption and the increasing consumer awareness of health. However, the quality of black rice products still needs to be improved to meet consumer needs. This research was conducted to determine how black rice consumers voice the attributes of black rice products circulating in the market and what priorities need to be made to develop black rice products. The research data was collected through a survey of 50 black rice consumers. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire prepared according to the Kano Model. Data analysis was carried out using the Kano Model, which was developed with the preparation of the House of Quality to determine the priorities that need to be carried out in developing black rice. The results show that the attributes of black rice are divided into two categories: attractive and indifferent. Attributes included in the attractive category are organic black rice, vacuum packaging, nutritional values , and cooking methods on the packaging. Other attributes fall into the indifferent category. Product development priorities focus on attributes that are in the attractive category. The priority for developing black rice products is planting with organic and certified methods, vacuum packaging, new packaging designs that include nutritional values , and cooking methods.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Servant Leadership for Future Research
Authors: Idris Ahmad , Zairoh Nafisatul
Published: August 2022

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study is to provide a wider bibliometric literature review on servant leadership (SL). Background Problems: SL requires a comprehensive review of existing studies. Looking for potential topics is one way to develop knowledge in SL by using bibliometric studies. Novelty: This paper is to fill in the gaps by providing an extensive bibliometric analysis of the literature related to SL. Research Methods: We analyzed 368 articles published from January 1, 2011 until July 12, 2021, a 10 year period. Articles were taken from the Scopus database. We have tried to classify articles using VOSviewer software. Finding/Results: The bibliometric analysis is done to identify the development in the total number of SL publications, SL articles mostly cited, top journals in SL research, most productive authors in SL research, most countries publishing SL research, and subject area of SL publications. SL studies were classified into nine clusters. From each cluster, the trend shows that SL studies are mostly done on terms that have many occurrences and link strengths. From the overlay visualization analysis for the new year, opportunities for future research such as perceived organizational support, psychological capital, work engagement, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence for SL emerge. Conclusion: This article is the second servant leadership bibliometric study with a different database and complements the first. This article explores the development of servant leadership research. Some of the keywords found using VosViewer become opportunities for future research.