bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in efficacy of low-dose extracorporeal shock wave therapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sevriugina Olga A. , Kulchitskaya Detelina  B.
Published: July 2023

Among many diseases of the joints, the most common is osteoarthritis and, in particular, knee osteoarthritis. Current medicine requires new and improved imaging techniques to assess patients with knee osteoarthritis, which enable early diagnosis, improved understanding of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, and the efficacy of the ongoing treatment. Scientific data on the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an objective method to assess the impact of shock wave therapy (SWT) on the restoration of damaged cartilage and bone marrow in patients with knee osteoarthritis was analyzed. A search for publications in the PEDro and PubMed databases for the period from 2017 to 2022 was performed. The search was done using the following keywords: osteoarthritis/knee osteoarthritis, shock wave therapy, magnetic resonance imaging. Five foreign studies were included in the review as a result of the search (no Russian publications were available). Two studies analyzed the effects of SWT on altered cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Patients who received oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were selected as a comparison group. The authors assessed SWT effects on cartilage using quantitative estimates of T2 relaxation time (T2 mapping) and the severity of bone marrow edema on MRI images. At 24 weeks after treatment, differences in relaxation time on T2-weighted MRI images of the patella, acetabulum, and medial and lateral articular surfaces of the femur and tibia showed no statistical significance compared to those before treatment (t= 1.859; P= 0.076). In conclusion, the authors suggested that the resulting effect of SWT in patients with knee osteoarthritis was due to the use of low energy and stated that research will continue using higher SWT parameters. Another study reported that patients with knee osteoarthritis showed a statistically significant reduction in the area of the subchondral bone marrow lesion 6 months after SWT. In addition, the authors found a correlation between the reduction in subchondral bone marrow lesion size and the improvement in pain scores resulting from the SWT treatment. In another study, MRI scans in patients with knee osteoarthritis documented a positive SWT effect by reducing bone marrow edema. After one year of follow-up, MRI images showed complete regression of bone marrow edema among patients who received SWT. The number of studies that investigated SWT effects on cartilage and bone marrow restoration in patients with knee osteoarthritis using MRI is limited, indicating the need for continued research in this area.
Discrimination of artificial intelligence in healthcare
Authors: Khomyakov Michael Yu.
Published: July 2023

Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important role in various fields as a primary worker or assistant, especially in healthcare. AI has many functions that can be performed even better than humans do due to the high speed of compiling a large amount of data from various sources (Internet and electronic health records), which increases the productivity of doctors. Less discussed, though equally important, is the discrimination of AI in healthcare. Doctors, who have a lot of responsibility, cannot rely on AI due to multiple vulnerabilities. First, AI collects huge amounts of data. However, AI does not guarantee error-free results, despite its non-autonomy and operator control, since human factors can play a role, becoming a source of inaccuracy. Therefore, a high risk of using poor quality data in further decision-making processes exists. Errors, biases (ethnic, gender, age, and social), and data gaps worsen AI outcomes, leading, for example, to discrimination against minorities and inaccurate prescriptions. In addition, AI may act unethically or even violate laws (e.g., Title VI, Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act, which prohibits discrimination by race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability in certain healthcare programs and activities).
Secondly, AI may be called secretive due to the indeterminacy of the algorithms. This means that no one can explain how or why the AI reached this or that decision, as stated by Judea Pearl in The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect. Therefore, doctors cannot check the facts and make sure that the analysis is done correctly and the conclusion is accurate. Difficulties in solving real-world problems using AI that cannot be solved by formal and mathematical rules of logic as humans do (e.g., natural language and face recognition) must be recognized. AI makes the work of medical professionals easier, however, posing many unresolved problems that mislead doctors and contribute to wrong decisions.
Danio rerio as a model for studying reproductive risks associated with human exposure to polychlorinated biphenils: a systematic review
Authors: Kotsur Dmitry A. , Sorokina Tatyana Yu. , Aksenov Andrey S. , Chashchin Valery P.
Published: July 2023

This review presents the findings of a comprehensive investigation that involved a systematic search, critical analysis, and synthesis of scientific evidence regarding the impact of a broad range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), on the reproductive functions, postembryonic survival, and morphofunctional development of offspring in the aquarium fish species Danio rerio, commonly known as Zebrafish. These fish are extensively utilized in experimental studies to simulate carcinogenic, mutagenic, and general toxic effects.
The literature search was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and eLIBRARY.RU databases following the PRISMA 2020 recommendations. A total of 613 articles were identified, out of which 14 were selected for detailed analysis. Among them, 11 focused on assessing the impact of PCB exposure on the reproductive system of Danio rerio. Additionally, 8 articles reported on the results of studying the effects of parental exposure to PCBs on the viability and postembryonic development of their offspring. The adverse effects of PCBs, either alone or in combination with other POPs, have been studied to a lesser extent in male Danio rerio compared to females. Furthermore, the transmission of morphological and functional disorders to subsequent generations resulting from separate parental exposure to PCBs in both sexes, as well as the dose-response relationship, have not been adequately assessed based on the published works. Moreover, developmental disorders in offspring have mostly been studied for the first generation following parental exposure to mixtures of POPs and PCBs. The lack of such information hinders a proper evaluation of the transgenerational risk inheritance phenomenon, specifically regarding the transmission of morphological and functional disorders associated with progenitor exposure to PCBs and other environmental endocrine-disrupting pollutants.
The findings of this analysis can be used for planning experimental quantitative assessments, predicting, and preventing impairments to human reproductive health, and safeguarding the well-being of future generations.
TNF-? inhibitors and post-operative surgical site infections in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Malaiyandi Praveen , Khanna Manish
Published: July 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and systemic complications. Its diagnosis and progression are monitored via biomarkers such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA), and others. However, their predictive utility varies among patients. While some patients respond well to methotrexate, others have better outcomes with drugs like rituximab and tocilizumab. Research is focusing on biomarkers for structural damage, including bone erosion and cartilage destruction, linked to genetic variants like HLA-DRB1, CD40, and IL2RA. Inflammatory and bone/cartilage turnover markers are also under study. Synovial biopsy reveals insights into RA pathophysiology, with synovial heterogeneity associated with therapeutic responses. Blood transcriptome analysis could provide potential biomarkers, such as the Interferon gene signature and IgJ, which reflect disease stage and treatment response. Anti-TNF-alpha treatments have improved RA outcomes but should be used cautiously in heart disease patients. Uncertainty persists about the risk of surgical site infections in patients on TNF inhibitors and the potential increased risk of serious infections with anti-TNF therapy. Vaccination is recommended before anti-TNF treatment. Standardized methodologies and more research are needed to establish effective clinical guidelines.
Human anterior cruciate ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Gupta Ashim , Karki Rabindra , Maffulli Nicola , Albers Christine , Roberts Melissa H. , El-Amin III Saadiq F.
Published: July 2023

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has poor healing capabilities and is the most commonly injured knee ligament. Although ACL repair is being highly studied, the current treatment involves reconstructive surgery utilizing autografts or allografts, which have limitations. The use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as a possible therapeutic option has grown. ACL-derived MSCs are likely to be the best source because studies have shown that target tissue derived stem cells will better differentiate into the target tissue than the stem cells derived from non-target ones. However, the existing literature discusses only the isolation of a mixed population of MSCs. Here we present the isolation, differentiation and characterization of human ACL-derived MSCs according to the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria.

The ACL tissue was enzymatically digested. Separation of MSCs from the crude mixture of cells was then performed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. The isolated population were passaged in specific induction medium to differentiate them into adipocyte, osteocytes and chondrocytes. The cells were then further characterized with respect to their growth curve, population doubling time, colony forming ability, anchorage independent growth, and cell surface markers. The cells were finally examined for their tumorigenic potential by cell cycle analysis.

Immunoprofiling via FACSs showed an average isolation rate for cells carrying MSCs markers of 5.5%. Cells exhibited spindle-shaped morphology, and immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression of appropriate cell surface markers. The growth curve showed distinct lag and log phase. Over agar assay demonstrated no anchorage independent growth, but clonogenic potential was observed post-culture on plastic Petri dishes. The cells showed a population doubling time of about 1.5 days. Oil Red O, Alizarin Red S, and Alcian Blue staining confirmed adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, respectively. Cell cycle analysis displayed more ACL-derived MSCs in G/G phase compared to BMSCs, showing that the isolates were non-tumorigenic.

The presence of MSCs within the human ACL was confirmed via ISCT criteria, paving the way for their potential use for future ACL reconstructions. Although BMSCs have been the choice for regenerative purposes, making use of MSCs derived from ACL ligament will cut down the burden of trauma one has to undergo to obtain the Bone Marrow. Moreover, it is more convenient to harvest MSCs from otherwise discarded ACL. Finally, MSCs derived from the target tissue are believed to better differentiate to the ligament tissue than the bone derived MSCs.
To study functional outcome of single level discectomy by fenestration method in lumber disc prolapse- A prospective study
Authors: Pachori Sachin Kumar , Sharma Saksham , Bairwa Jiya Lal , Meena Harishankar , Tak Mahendra Singh
Published: July 2023

: Low backache pain affects every population and is one of the most common clinical symptoms encountered in medical practice. Approximately 70 - 80% of people have experienced low back pain at some point of time in life. The annual prevalence of low back pain ranges from 15-45%. The major cause of low back pain leading to severe morbidity throughout the world that affects mainly the young working-class population is lumbar disc prolapsed. Various retrospective and some prospective reviews of fenestration disc surgeries orthopaedicvary greatly, with good results ranging from 46-97% and a reoperation rate of 09%. The present study was conducted to evaluate the results of single-level discectomy by fenestration method in Lumbar disc prolapse.

Total thirty cases of lumber disc prolapsed treated with fenestration and discectomy satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria treated in the Facility based tertiary care centre department of Orthopedics of Dr. S. N. Medical College and associated group of hospital, Jodhpur were studied.

In our study,Out of 30 patients majority of 25 (83.3%) patients showed good outcomes, followed by 04 (13.33%) patients had fair outcomes, and 01(3.33%) patient had poor outcomes. Total complications are 4 (13.33%), and the most common complication is superficial wound infection 2 (6.67%).

By considering all aspects, fenestration, and discectomy is a better technique with the advantage of less tissue injury, good spinal function, smooth patient recovery, improved working status with early rehabilitation and maintained clinical efficacy
Early termination of pregnancy in AVN Hip: A unique case
Authors: Makkar Dheeraj , Sharma Ishita
Published: July 2023

Early termination of pregnancy (ETP) is a common procedure, with surgical intervention being the prevailing method. However, it carries inherent risks. This case report describes a 27-year-old woman with a history of left hip surgery who sought pregnancy termination. Due to her limited hip abduction, positioning her for surgery posed challenges. The patient underwent dilatation and curettage after cervical preparation with misoprostol and vaginal chlorhexidine solution. The procedure was modified to accommodate her hip limitations, using a straight table without conventional leg holders or stirrups. Successful pregnancy elimination was confirmed, and the patient remained uneventful during follow-up. This case report highlights the need for alternative approaches for ETP in patients with hip ailments. The modified procedure offers advantages such as simplicity, reduced equipment requirements, easy post-anesthesia positioning, and avoidance of common peroneal nerve palsy. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and extend them to a broader patient population, potentially improving safety and effectiveness in surgical interventions for this specific group.
Memorias del III Congreso Internacional de Cereales, Leguminosas y Afines 2023
Authors: Vernaza María Gabriela , Andrade María José
Published: July 2023

Los cereales, leguminosas y granos afines han sido la base de la alimentación humana durante milenios, desempeñando un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de las civilizaciones y en la seguridad alimentaria mundial. Estos alimentos son una fuente rica en nutrientes esenciales y energía, además han proporcionado a las sociedades una base sólida para su subsistencia y progreso socioeconómico. Eventos como el III Congreso Internacional de Cereales, Leguminosas y Afines, que reúne a expertos y profesionales dedicados al estudio y la promoción de cereales, leguminosas y otros alimentos relacionados, ha demostrado ser una plataforma invaluable para el intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias en este campo vital para la humanidad.
Szóbeliség és írásbeliség viszonya a korai ómagyar korban
Authors: Korompay Klára
Published: July 2023

A jelen tanulmány célja egy olyan kérdéskör vizsgálata, amelyhez a magyar nyelv 11–13. századi emlékei első látásra kevés fogódzót kínálnak, de amelynek megközelítéséhez különféle tudományterületek átfogó munkái és részlettanulmányai kiindulópontul szolgálhatnak. Az első felmerülő kérdés a magyar írásbeliség kezdeteivel kapcsolatos. Fontos számolni azzal, hogy már a latin ábécé átvétele előtt, a 10. századtól létezett egy steppei eredetű magyar írásrendszer, az ún. székely írás, melyet erdélyi templomok feliratai őriztek meg. A középkori nyelvhasználat központi kérdése a magyar nyelvű szóbeliség és a latin nyelvű írásbeliség kettőssége és elválaszthatatlan kapcsolata. Ez sajátos módon jelentkezik az oklevélírás területén, ahol a magyar helynevek beillesztése a latin oklevelekbe számos egyedi megoldás kidolgozását tette szükségessé. Az első magyar nyelvű szövegek (Halotti beszéd, Ómagyar Mária-siralom) kapcsán a kulcskérdés az, hogy a latin forráshoz képest ezek nem fordítások, hanem adaptációk, melyek hátterében az élőszóban való tolmácsolás hosszú gyakorlata áll. Az Ómagyar Mária-siralom hatása a szóbeliség szintjén évszázadokon át fennmaradt az archaikus népi imádságok műfajában.
Nem mind arany, ami fénylik. Vélt és valós belső tárgyas szerkezetek a magyarban
Authors: Farkas Imola Ágnes
Published: July 2023

Ebben a tanulmányban azt próbáltam feltérképezni és közelebbről megvizsgálni, hogy milyen belső tárgyas szerkezeteket használunk a mindennapi nyelvben. A széles választékú vélt belső tárgyas szerkezeteken kívül olyan valós belső tárgyas struktúrákat is bemutattam, amelyek a tranzitív vagy főként a tranzitivizáló szerkezetek osztályába sorolhatóak. Egy pár, főként irodalmi szövegekből vett példát leszámítva, elmondhatjuk, hogy a mai magyar nyelvben nem léteznek olyan aspektuális belső tárgyas szerkezetek, ahol a tárgy alaktanilag és szemantikailag kapcsolódik az igéhez. Ezen kívül külön beszéltem az él és a hal igékre épülő belső tárgyas szerkezetekről, ahol azt a következtetést vontam le, hogy ezek nem kizárólag a magyar nyelv belső tárgyas sajátosságai közé tartoznak, hanem egy nyelveken átívelő jellemvonásról van szó.
rejtélyes hisz igénk eredetéről
Authors: Honti László
Published: July 2023

Ez az ige az ún. instabil tövű igék egyike, amelyekből a hisz igével együtt összesen hét van: tësz, lësz, vësz, visz, ëszik, iszik. A hisz azzal tűnik ki e csoportból, hogy felszólító módú alakjaiban hosszú ďď (= ggy) van a többi ige rövid ď-jével (= gy) szemben, vö. higgy! ↔ tégy!. Ezen ige eredetét egy *kämä / *kemɜ hangalakú lexémában vélték megtalálni a kutatók (Lewy és Rédei), amelynek jelentése Lewy szerint ’kemény, szilárd’ lehetett; ez a magyarázat a szemantikai párhuzamok alapján lehetségesnek tűnik. A hisz ige etimológiai értelmezésében azonban két komoly probléma van: nincsen megnyugtató magyarázat a szókezdő h- mibenlétére és az imperativusi -ggy(-)s tő eredetére.
Régi és új etimológiák
Authors: Németh Dániel
Published: July 2023

A tanulmányban három korábbi etimológiai ötletemhez fűztem további magyarázatokat, illetve két újabb szó történetéhez nyújtottam adatokat. A bagoly madárnév etimológiájához a névadás alapjául szolgáló hangadás képzetének idegen nyelvi mintája lehet párhuzam. Az orr szóból képzett orom, oromzat és orozat régi helynévi adatai alapján ezek nem minden változatban tekinthetők szinonimának. Az ősmagyar gyula méltóságnév mögött egy univerzálisnak tekinthető jelenség állhat: a (katonai vagy vallási) hatalmat a viselője és környezete hő és fény formájában tapasztalja meg. A búsz és a buz habár két hasonló alakú és jelentésű szó, ezért a beszélők tudatában keveredhettek, néhány régi kódexrészlet jelentése alapján mégis két külön szónak tartom ezeket.
Kárpátaljai magyarok nyelvi tapasztalatai Magyarországon
Authors: Csernicskó István , Gazdag Vilmos
Published: July 2023

A 2022 februárja óta Magyarországra érkezett több ezer kárpátaljai magyar nemcsak szülőföldjét hagyta hátra, hanem egy új, a megszokottól kisebb-nagyobb mértékben eltérő társadalmi, politikai, gazdasági, kulturális és nyelvi közegbe is be kell illeszkedniük. Ez az új nyelvi közeg egyrészt azt jelenti, hogy Magyarországon nem kényszerülnek arra a kárpátaljai magyarok, hogy bizonyos helyzetekben más nyelvet használjanak. Szülőföldjükön, az Ukrajnában található Kárpátalján ugyanis a társadalmi normák szerint számos szituációban az ukrán nyelvet kell vagy érdemes használniuk. A Magyarországra érkező kárpátaljai magyarok is szembesülnek a befogadó környezet nyelve és a Kárpátalján használt saját nyelvük közötti különbségekkel. A magyarországi és a kárpátaljai magyar nyelvhasználat között jól dokumentált különbségek vannak. Néha azonban a helyi nyelvhasználat sajátosságai megbélyegzést jelenthetnek a beszélő számára, sőt, a nyelvi különbségek bizonyos esetekben a kölcsönös megértés hiányához is vezethetnek, ami elsősorban a kárpátaljai magyar anyanyelvűek által használt államnyelvi kölcsönszavak ismeretének hiányából adódhat. Jelen tanulmányban arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy egy empirikus kutatás adataira alapozva bemutassuk, hogyan látják a 2022. február 24. után Magyarországra érkezett kárpátaljai magyarok a magyarországi befogadó környezet nyelvhasználatát, milyen eltéréseket és hasonlóságokat azonosítanak a saját nyelvváltozataik és a Magyarországon tapasztalt nyelvhasználat között, és ez milyen reflexiókat vált ki a háború elől menekülők körében.
L’Importanza della scuola per la consolidazione della lingua italiana
Authors: Evaristo Jefferson
Published: July 2023

In questo testo, facciamo una discussione sulla scuola italiana nel momento dell’unificazione dell’Italia e sulla sua importanza per la consolidazione della lingua italiana. In un periodo in cui la maggioranza degli italiani non parlava e non conosceva la lingua italiana standard – erano, propriamente, analfabeti –, farla la lingua comune, attraverso l’attuazione della scuola, è stata una sfida politica, grammaticale, linguistica e culturale. Discutiamo quì i principali topici di questo scenario in cui la scuola ha assunto il ruolo di diffondere la lingua officiale del nuovo paese.
Актуальные вопросы преступности несовершеннолетних
Authors: Маркарова Л.Ю , Фурса А.Н
Published: July 2023

В представленной научной работе освещаются актуальные в настоящее время проблемы выявления, раскрытия и предупреждения преступности несовершеннолетних. Особое внимание уделяется особенностям противодействия преступности, совершенных несовершеннолетними гражданами, посредством мер уголовно-правового характера. Также особым значением наделяются меры, направленные на противодействие уголовного наказания, его особенностей, назначения которых предусмотрены положениями уголовного законодательства, а также и уголовно-процессуального
Экономическая функция государства в условиях пандемии коронавирусной инфекции: теоретико-правовые подходы и формы реализации
Authors: Муравлёв А.Т.
Published: July 2023

В статье представлены теоретико-правовые основы экономической функции государства и формы ее реализации в период макроэкономической нестабильности и социальной неопределенности; изучены формы реализации экономической функции государства в условиях пандемии коронавирусной инфекции.
Особенности процессуального статуса защитника в уголовном процессе
Authors: Пивень А.В. , Крученков К.А
Published: July 2023

В статье исследуются особенности процессуального статуса защитника в уголовном процессе. В частности, рассматривается понятие защитник, выясняется, какие виды защиты возможны в рамках уголовного процесса, анализируются полномочия, которыми обладает защитник, а также выявляются проблемы, которые возникают в процессе защиты. Кроме того, в статье предложены пути решения этих проблем, в том числе усиление юридического образования защитников, улучшение условий их работы и установления эффективных механизмов контроля над деятельностью правоохранительных органов. Статья будет полезна всем, кто интересуется уголовным процессом и защитой прав и свобод граждан в данной сфере
Понятия и признаки несостоятельности (банкротства) юридических лиц
Authors: Сеткина А.А.
Published: July 2023

Данная статья призвана отразить вопросы банкротства юридического лица с точки зрения российского законодательства. Российская действительность показывает, что процесс оказания помощи должнику, которая может предотвратить признание его банкротом, является важным направлением арбитражного и процессуального законодательства о банкротстве
Становление регистрационных систем прав на недвижимое имущество в зарубежных странах
Authors: Скопенко О.Р , Самойленко А.Ю.
Published: July 2023

Данная статья посвящена истории становления систем регистрации прав на недвижимое имущество в зарубежных странах. Рассматривается процесс развития регистрации прав на недвижимость от периода древних времен (на примере таких развитых культур, как Вавилон, Египет, Греция, Рим) до формирования современных систем. Отдельно анализируются самые распространенные регистрационные системы современности: актовая, титульная, французская и система Торренса, выявляются их особенности, упоминаются преимущества и недостатки, подчеркиваются сходства и различия. В итоге делается вывод о потенциальной пользе изучения данных систем для российского права
Налог для самозанятых: проблемы и перспективы развития
Authors: Стеценко М.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье затрагиваются вопросы проблемы возникающие при налогообложении самозанятых и возможные пути их решения
Адвокатская этика
Authors: Федотов Д.Е , Седова А.А.
Published: July 2023

В данной статье проводится анализ адвокатской этики как совокупности правил и принципов, которыми должны руководствоваться адвокаты в своей деятельности. Для наиболее полного рассмотрения профессиональной этики адвокатов раскрывается ее сущность на основании юридической литературы, обосновывается ее актуальность на данный момент, а также в системе правосудия в принципе. Также проводится характеристика основным категориям профессиональной этики адвокатов, таким как долг, честь, достоинство, справедливость, совесть, которые несомненно важны в адвокатской деятельности и являются базовыми аспектами при принятии профессионалами верных решений. На основании Федерального закона "Об адвокатской деятельности и адвокатуре в Российской Федерации" от 31.05.2002 N 63-ФЗ и Кодекса профессиональной этики адвоката, принятого Первым Всероссийским съездом адвокатов 31 января 2003 г проводится анализ правового регулирования, касающегося профессиональной этики адвоката.
Понятие и правовая природа совместной деятельности исполнителей транспортных услуг
Authors: Юналиева Ю.Р
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена исследованию сущности и правовой природы совместной деятельности исполнителей транспортных услуг. Разрозненность мнений в научной литературе и недостаточная правовая регламентация правоотношений в области совместной деятельности исполнителей транспортных услуг порождает принятие довольно сомнительных с точки зрения гражданско-правового регулирования судебных решений, т.е. негативно влияет на гражданский оборот и развитие транспортной отрасли в целом. В связи с этим, представляется необходимым рассмотреть действующие в России правила заключения такого рода соглашений, однако, следует сразу оговориться, что действующие в настоящее время КВВТ, УЖТ РФ, КТМ РФ и принятый на его основе Федеральный закон от 08.11.2007 №261-ФЗ прямо предусматривают возможность заключения договоров о совместной деятельности только в отношении перевозки именно грузов, при этом указанные нормативно-правовые акты никак не регулируют заключение такого рода соглашений в отношении организации перевозки пассажиров. Тем не менее, действующее правовое регулирование, в тоже время, никак не ограничивает возможность их заключения.
La prostitución en los marcos neoliberales: el imperativo de la acumulación por destrucción
Authors: Carmenati González Meysis , Rubira García Rainer , Venet Gutiérrez Jacqueline
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se analiza la racionalidad del neoliberalismo desde una perspectiva feminista. Se examina cómo el cuerpo se convierte en símbolo de su lógica al reducirse a materia prima que encarna el imperativo de la acumulación. Esto solo es posible mediante procesos de expropiación y destrucción, que pueden encontrarse en la violencia inherente a la prostitución y la pornografía. Concluimos que la acumulación ilimitada deviene un imperativo del neoliberalismo, en tanto proyecto político que identifica la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres, y la violencia patriarcal, como terreno para su sedimentación, evidenciado en el desarrollo de la prostitución en los marcos neoliberales.
Jerzy ks. Zbaraski (1574–1631) wobec Kościoła i duchowieństwa katolickiego
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: July 2023

Jerzy ks. Zbaraski (1574–1631) był jednym z najwybitniejszych polityków polskich w pierwszej połowie XVII w. Potomek starej rodziny książęcej władającej wielkim latyfundium na kresach południowo-wschodnich, świetnie wykształcony, władający kilkoma obcymi językami, miał wszelkie predyspozycje do tego, aby odegrać wybitną rolę w dziejach Rzeczypospolitej. Pomijany przez Zygmunta III w nadaniach królewszczyzn i urzędów, dość szybko przeszedł jednak do opozycji. W niniejszym artykule omówiono stosunek księcia do Kościoła i duchowieństwa katolickiego. Zwrócono uwagę na fakt, że chociaż od wczesnego dzieciństwa był on wyznawcą katolicyzmu, to dość szybko popadł w konflikt z jezuitami. Utrudniło mu to karierę polityczną. Niemniej jednak w 1620 r. doczekał się awansu na urząd kasztelana krakowskiego. W latach dwudziestych XVII w. był już uznanym przywódcą antykrólewskiej opozycji. Książę nie akceptował zmian zachodzących w polskim Kościele i był przeciwnikiem polityki religijnej Zygmunta III. Sam był rzecznikiem tolerancji i utrzymania w mocy postanowień zawartych w akcie konfederacji warszawskiej z 1573 r. Występował w obronie prawosławia. Przyjaźnił się z przywódcą różnowierców na Litwie, Krzysztofem ks. Radziwiłłem. Opowiadał się za zwiększeniem świadczeń duchowieństwa na rzecz państwa. Konsekwentnie popierał interesy Akademii Krakowskiej. Był nieprzejednanym wrogiem jezuitów, których uważał za szermierzy kontrreformacyjnego fanatyzmu. Był zwolennikiem świeckiego, tolerancyjnego państwa, które nie ingeruje w kwestie wyznaniowe i światopoglądowe. Popularny i lubiany przez szlachtę, Jerzy ks. Zbaraski zmarł 30 lipca 1631 r., niemal powszechnie żałowany. Wieść o jego śmierci z radością przyjęli natomiast jezuici i ich adherenci na dworze królewskim.
„Najprzód Rzeczypospolitej, po wtóre Kościołowi”. Rzecz o trzech karierach przedstawicieli szlachty małopolskiej w służbie państwu i Kościołowi w drugiej połowie XVII wieku
Authors: Pielas Jacek
Published: July 2023

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie karier trzech postaci z różnych warstw stanu szlacheckiego z terenu Małopolski, które zaczynały swe kariery od działalności na rzecz Rzeczypospolitej, by po koniec życia poświęcić się służbie Kościołowi katolickiemu. Nakreślone zostały losy Aleksandra Skrzyszowskiego, drobnego szlachcica i żołnierza, który został proboszczem miejskiej parafii w Staszowie i kanonikiem poznańskim, następnie średniozamożnego szlachcica Hieronima Michała Komornickiego, żołnierza i aktywisty parlamentarnego, zmarłego w 1689 r. jako opat klasztoru benedyktynów świętokrzyskich, oraz syna kanclerza – Piotra Mikołaja Korycińskiego (1644–1680), działacza sejmikowego, sekretarza królewskiego, dyplomaty oraz prepozyta generalnego miechowskiego i biskupa nominata chełmińskiego. W artykule podkreślono fakt niezwykle silnego przenikania się w życiu codziennym szlachty spraw państwowych i kościelnych i praktykę uzyskiwania przez aktywnych publicznie szlachciców urzędów i godności kościelnych.
AN ANALYSIS OF COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER OF “KNIVES OUT”
Authors: Devi Maya Fitriana , Degaf Agwin
Published: July 2023

Commissive speech acts are speech acts that bind the speaker to carry out what is stated in the speech. This research aims to analyze the types and the functions of commisives speech acts used by the characters in the Knives Out movie. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive in which the research instrument is the researcher herself. The utterances were classified based on the theory proposed by Searle (1985) and Austin (1969). The utterances found in that movie are classified into six types of commisives speech act: the promise, guarantee, refusal, threat, volunteer, and offer. The results revealed there are 13 data found in the Knives Out film. The function that the characters mainly use in the film is an act of illocution. In contrast, from 13 data, the researcher found 6 types of commisive speech acts are found in the Knives Out movie: 2 utterances for guarantee (guarantee), 2 utterances for promises (promise), 2 utterances for offers (to offer), 3 utterances for refuse (refuse), 2 utterances for threats (threatening), and 2 utterances for volunteers (volunteers). Then, the commissive speech act that is mainly produced by the characters is rejection.
YONO BAKRIE'S HUMOR DISCOURSE PRESUPPOSITION IN STAND UP COMEDY
Authors: Utari Azim Nur Santriani
Published: July 2023

This study aims to describe the setup and punch line which become humor in stand up comedy and the form of pragmatic involvement in the form of presuppositions contained in the humor presented by Yono Bakrie in Stand Up Comedy Indonesia season X on Kompas TV. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data sources used in this study are setups, punch lines, and forms of presuppositional pragmatic aspects contained in the humor presented by Yono Bakrie on Stand Up Comedy Indonesia season X on Kompas TV. The data collection technique used in this study was documentation, viewing, and transcription techniques. The data analysis used the theory of Miles and Huberman (2014), which includes the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. Based on the findings and research analysis on Yono Bakrie's stand up video, it was known that the supporting factors of the humor studied were found in this humor because it contains set up and punch lines. In contrast, presuppositions were found in the pragmatic aspects of humor, which became one of the supporting aspects of forming a humor.
Pendidikan Karakter Tokoh Bethara Guru dalam Lakon Bethara Guru Krama Wayang Topeng Tengger
Authors: Permata Raharjo Resdianto , Ahmadi Anas , Ikhwan Wahid Khoirul
Published: July 2023

Pembentukan karakter masyarakat tidak terlepas dengan kondisi lingkungan, adat, budaya yang berlaku. Seperti tokoh-tokoh dan teladan dalam cerita rakyat, salah satunya adalah tokoh Bethara Guru dalam Lakon Bethara Guru Krama di Pewayangan Tengger. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan hasil analisis dari pendidikan karakter yang terdapat pada peneladanan tokoh Bethara Guru dalam Lakon Bethara Guru Krama Wayang Topeng Tengger. Keteladanan karakter tokoh-tokoh dan cerita pada Lakon Bethara Guru Krama dapat dijadikan sebagai bentuk materi dan dasar ajuan untuk membangun dan mendidik karakter individual seseorang, baik formal maupun non-formal. Sosok inti di tiap generasi dalam lakon Bethara Guru Krama memiliki beberapa sikap yang  patut ditelaah dan diteladani. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan sumber data dan data penelitian bentuk sastra lisan berupa cerita lakon Bethara Guru Krama yang disampaikan oleh dalang Ki Lebari pada pegelaran wayang topeng di desa Wonosari, Kecamatan Sumber, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik rekam catat. Model penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis konten. Uji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kecukupan bahan referensial. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi (1) transkripsi data rekaman, (2) transliterasi data rekaman, (3) klasifikasi data, (4)  analisis struktur dan interpretasi, dan (5) pengujian data. Hasil penelitian berupa pendidikan karakter yang dapat diperoleh melalui teladan tokoh Bethara Guru dalam lakon Bethara Guru Krama Wayang Topeng Tengger yang merupakan modifikasi representatif masyarakat dengan tujuan membentuk karakter yang baik. Tokoh Bethara Guru dalam lakon Bethara Guru Krama juga merupakan sosok yang berperan penting dalam meneladani pembentukan karakter manusia di tengah masyarakat. Karena lakon Bethara Guru Krama kerap dibawakan pada pertunjukan Wayang Topeng Tengger dalam upacara adat ruwatan, baik ruwatan adat maupun ruwatan anak.
Redesain Metode Role Playing dalam Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbicara pada Siswa SMA di Era Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Hardinata Vanda , Warsiman  , Abadi Machrus
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mencari formulasi ideal dalam pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara melalui redesain metode Role Playing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development (R&D) yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa redesain metode Role Playing efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara. Keefektifan tersebut dapat dilihat dari peningkatan hasil pembelajaran dalam setiap pemberlakuan. Kemampuan unsur ketepatan lafal, intonasi, ketepatan sasaran, keberanian, kelancaran, kenyaringan, gerak gerik/mimik, diksi/pilihan kata, dan improvisasi, pada pemberlakuan I memperoleh persentase 70.67%, pada pemberlakuan II 80.55%, dan pemberlakuan III 89.81%. Sedangkan angket respon siswa menunjukkan persentase 74.69% siswa memberikan respon positif. Kesimpulannya bahwa redesain metode role playing efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara, khususnya pada siswa sekolah menengah atas (SMA).
Performances de reproduction du dromadaire. Base empirique
Authors: Wilson R.T.
Published: July 2023

Cet article est une synthèse des données empiriques et des observations provenant la plupart d'études de terrain sur les performances de reproduction du dromadaire. Des références sont faites à de nombreux pays d'Afrique et d'Asie. L'âge élevé à la première parturition (60 mois), le long intervalle entre les mises bas (24 mois et plus) et la réforme relativement précoce des reproductrices (à partir de 10 ans) sont responsables du faible nombre de jeunes, en moyenne moins de 3, par carrière de reproductrice. Le dromadaire présente un cycle de reproduction fortement influencé par la saison dans la plupart des régions mais les raisons en sont encore mal connues. Les performances de reproduction peuvent être accrues en réduisant en même temps l'âge à la première parturition et l'intervalle de mise bas, et en augmentant la durée de reproduction de la femelle.
La production laitière des dromadaires Dankali (Ethiopie)
Authors: Richard Didier , Gérard D.
Published: July 2023

Un suivi sur trois ans et demi de 5 femelles de race Dankali entretenues sur pâturages naturels a permis d'observer 6 lactations complètes, 6 intervall es entre mises bas, 11 naissances et la croissance de 5 chamelons ; 99 contrôles laitiers ont été pratiqués. La production moyenne de lait est de 1 123 litres sur 12,25 mois. Le coefficient de persistance est élevé : de 97,1 p.100 et de 74,1 p. 100 pour des périodes de 100 jours. Le pic de lactation est atteint à 56,5 jours avec un volume de 4,4 litres. Les intervalles entre mises bas sont très variables : de 13 à 32 mois. L'intervalle mise bas-saillie fécondante peut être bref et la lactation peut se poursuivre jusqu'à un stade avancé de la gestation. Les productions observées sont comparées à des relevés ponctuels de lactation rapportés dans la même région, sur le même type d'animaux mais dans des conditions d'entretien différentes.
The Optical Energy Gap of the Semiconducting Intrinsic Layer for Organic Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Firdaus Aulia Anisa , Purwandari Endhah , Asih Retno , Sholih Ahmad , Darminto Darminto
Published: July 2023

The optical energy gap of the semiconducting intrinsic layer plays a crucial role in determining the increase in efficiency. The carbon-based biomass can be a choice for the silicon used as solar cell material. Here, we proposed the best biomass that can be used as a semiconductor component in solar cell applications. Coconut shells as bio-waste and palmyra sap, which are available in most areas of Indonesia, can be the best candidates to be considered. The XRD measurement showed both organic materials have an amorphous phase. The coconut shells sample has two peaks that are identical to graphene peaks, therefore this material is called graphenic-like carbon (GC). Furthermore, from the UV-visible spectroscopy, it was shown that both materials have a high transmittance of more than 95%, which indicates that they have transparent properties. Also, the Tauc plot method gives information about the optical energy gap of coconut shell charcoal (GC) and palmyra sap (a:C) which are 2.67 and 1.83 eV, respectively. From this result, palmyra sap becomes promising material to be applied as an intrinsic layer for semiconducting components in solar cell applications.Keywords: Amorphous phase, Coconut shells charcoal, Optical energy gap, Palmyra sugar.
Design and Construction of Electrical Energy Source Panel Based on Thermoelectric Generators on Mild Steel Galvalume
Authors: Maulana Bima Wahyu , Misto M. , Arkundato Artoto , Mulyono Tri
Published: July 2023

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a device that converts heat energy into electrical energy. The working principle of this device is based on Seebeck's law, namely this device will produce electrical energy if the cold side and hot side of this device have a temperature difference value of . This device can be used for generator panels whose heat source comes from the sun. The cold side of the TEG is conditioned by utilizing water fluid which is passed over the heatsink. The temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG generates an electric voltage through the Seebeck effect. The parameters observed in the research on electricity generation using this TEG are voltage, current, electric power, and the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides. The resulting parameter values are as follows; average voltage (0.5495 volts), average electric current strength of 0.04 A, average electric power (0.022 watts). mean temperature difference (16.006 oC). The largest average Seebeck coefficient is 0.0413 V/oC.
Characterization of Protease from Endophytic Fungi Fusarium sp. JE-DP4a
Authors: Hastuty Aerma , Herawati Irma , Pikoli Megga Ratnasari
Published: July 2023

Protease is a catalytic enzyme that catalyzes a proteolysis process and breaks down a protein into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Endophytic fungi can produce bioactive compounds, one of which is protease enzymes. The papaya leaf endophytic fungi used in this study was Fusarium sp. strain JE-DP4a. This study was conducted to determine the characterization of protease from endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. strain JE-DP4a with variations in incubation temperature of 30, 37, and 44oC and pH variation of 5.5-8. Measurement of protease enzyme activity using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis at 280 nm. Based on the research results, the highest protease activity produced at a temperature of 44oC is 53.78 U/mL, and specific activity is 17.31 U/mg protein. Protease activity at pH 7 shows the highest was 46.72 U/mL.Thus it is ably concluded that the protease produced by Fusarium sp. strain JE-DP4a belongs to the neutral protease group.
Characterization of The essential oil of Eucalyptus Leaves (Melaleuca leucadendra) from Pontianak City and Its Activity Against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Wibowo Muhamad Agus , Rendi R. , Warsida W. , Ardiningsih Puji , Jayuska Afghani
Published: July 2023

Eucalyptus plants can grow in the city of Pontianak, which is an area with peat soil, although in fact, this plant can grow well in swamps, sandy areas, and mangroves. The difference in the location where eucalyptus grows, causes a difference in the composition of the compounds contained in it, especially 1.8 cineol which is a potential compound to prevent dental caries. This study aims to isolate and characterize the essential oil of eucalyptus leaves from the city of Pontianak and determine its activity in inhibiting the S. mutans bacteria. This research was carried out in two stages: isolating, characterizing, and determining the chemical content of eucalyptus leaf essential oil from Pontianak using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The second stage was to test the antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans bacteria using the well diffusion method. The results of the isolation of essential oils obtained a yield of 0.58% (w/w) with a specific gravity characteristic of 0.9288 g/mL, a clear greenish-yellow color, and a characteristic smell of eucalyptus oil, and is soluble in 70% ethanol. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 29 compounds, with the main compound being 1.8 cineol as much as 55.71%. The results of the antibacterial activity test against S. mutans showed that the samples at all test doses were antibacteria with inhibition values of 9.03 mm (1.393 mg/well), 6.76 mm (0.697 mg/well), 6.53 mm (0.348 mg/well), and 5.39 mm (0.174 mg/well). The follow-up test showed that at all doses of the essential oil, it was bacteriostatic against S. mutans bacteria. From the study results, it can be concluded that Pontianak eucalyptus oil meets the standards of SNI 06-3954-2006 with 1.8 cineol as the main compound and has antibacteria properties against S. mutans.
KARAMANLI AYNÎ VE DÎVÂNI’NDA HZ. ALİ MOTİFLERİ
Authors: DELİCE Gönül
Published: July 2023

Hz. Peygamber’in neslini devam ettiren, ailesini ve ev halkını içine alan ehl-i beyt gerek kültür tarihimizde gerekse edebiyatımızda önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ehl-i beyt, Hz. Peygamber’e duyulan bir bağlılığın sonucu olarak asırlar boyunca klasik Türk edebiyatında vazgeçilmez konulardan biri olmuştur. XV. yüzyılda yaşayan ve rindâne, âşıkâne, şûhâne bir tarzda şiirler kaleme alan Karamanlı Aynî’nin şiirlerinde de ehl-i beytin mühim fertlerinden biri olan Hz. Ali sevgisini ve bağlılığını görmekteyiz.
Hz. Ali, küçük yaştan itibaren Hz. Peygamber’den eğitim alarak onun yolundan gitmiş; ilmi, inancı, cesaret ve yiğitliği, velâyeti, imamlığı, fazileti, cömertliği, karakteri ve ahlakı gibi seçkin özellikleriyle İslam dünyasında ve edebiyatımızda örnek bir model olmuştur. Hz. Ali’yi sevip onun yolundan giden her kişi Tanrı’ya, Hz. Peygamber’e, Kur’ân’a ve İslam’a can u gönülden bağlanan insan-ı kâmil görmüşlerdir. Karamanlı Aynî de Hz. Ali’nin bilinen birçok farklı özelliğini söz konusu ederek ona olan muhabbetini şiirlerinde dile getirmiştir.
Bu çalışma ile Hz. Ali’nin Karamanlı Aynî Dîvânı’ndaki yeri tespit edilerek onun, şairin şiirlerine nasıl yansıdığı incelenmiştir.
Le horla
Authors: Gellis André Luiz , Nascimento Juliana Araujo
Published: July 2023

Prenunciando aspectos da realidade humana investigados por Sigmund Freud, Le Horla de Maupassant retrata a possessão do protagonista anônimo ou por um monstro desconhecido ou por uma desordem psíquica, os quais parecem transpor a estrutura mental maior que governa a sociedade da época e o regime de pensamento que se impõe com a secularização dos costumes, em uma narrativa em forma de diário, permitindo outras tantas aproximações com a psicanálise. Com isso, encontram-se aberturas e meandros para um estudo comparado de literatura e psicanálise: percorrendo suas zonas fronteiriças, novas significações e interpretações surgem; entretanto, deve-se ter em vista os limites dessa abordagem, na qual a literatura pode ilustrar a psique humana, e a psicanálise, auxiliar na análise do texto literário. Aplicando metodologias diferentes a um mesmo objeto de estudo, literatura e psicanálise produzem um saber a respeito desse objeto, cuja inter-ação pode ser observada em Le Horla. Ambos autores confrontavam uma sociedade fascinada por fenômenos sobrenaturais e paranormais ao mesmo tempo, preocupada em apreender o espírito humano em seu funcionamento e em sua perturbação e distúrbios: os alienistas da época mais consagrados a descrever a doença, alienavam o doente em nosografias, julgando-se seguramente distanciados de seu objeto de estudo e imparciais, (re)produzindo exclusões e preconceitos. Crentes de tamanho equívoco, de um lado Freud funda a psicanálise, de outro, Maupassant faz da literatura seu laboratório. Ambos criticam a ilusão de uma neutralidade no campo científico e trazem, ainda hoje, outra visão dos limites dos processos do inconsciente, mostrando que diferentes áreas podem dialogar sem que uma se reduza ou se imponha à outra para prosperar e impulsionar novas perspectivas de estudos e crítica.