bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Chagas a Neglected Tropical Disease in Rural Communities of the Colombian Caribbean, CHAGCOV Study
Authors: Ochoa-Diaz Margarita M , Orozco-Garcia Daniela , Fernandez-Vasquez Ronald S. , Eyes-Escalante Melisa
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Chagas disease (CD) a Neglected Tropical Diseases is an important public health issue in countries where is still endemic, included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Traditionally restricted to rural areas with diverse routes of transmissions from vectorial to oral with acute manifestations but being more common diagnosed in chronic stages. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) related to Chagas disease (CD) in two rural settlements of the Colombian Caribbean with previous records of the disease and/or the parasite.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was made in two rural settlements in Colombia and surveillance instrument was developed to measure Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) related to Chagas disease (CD).

Results

In a population with > 60% women and access to social security around 66.5%; 81,6% were homeowners with access to water and electricity > 90% but only 9% of sewerage. The level of knowledge about CD was around 62% but lack of specificity about comprehension of transmission routes (74,6%), and symptoms (85,3%) were found; concluding that 86% of the surveyed sample had very poor level of knowledge about the disease despite preventive campaigns carried out in the two communities studied.

Conclusions

Despite of a low frequency of CD in this Caribbean areas, the presence of vector, risk factors plus poor level of knowledge about the disease justify that public health intervention strategies should be implemented and monitored over time to maintain uninterrupted surveillance of Chagas Disease.
Population Genetics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Türkiye
Authors: Bursali Fatma , Simsek Fatih Mehmet
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Mosquitoes are important vectors of pathogens that can affect humans and animals. Culex tritaeniorhynchus is an important vector of arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus among various human and animal communities. These diseases are of major public health concern and can have huge economic and health burdens in prevalent countries. Although populations of this important mosquito species have been detected in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Türkiye; little is known about its population structure. Our study is to examine the population genetics and genetic composition of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected from several localities using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes (ND5). This is the first extensive study of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the mainland Türkiye with sampling spanning many of provinces.

Methods

In this study, DNA extraction, amplification of mitochondrial COI and ND5 genes and population genetic analyses were performed on ten geographic populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the Aegean and Mediterranean region of Türkiye.

Results

Between 2019 and 2020, 96 samples were collected from 10 geographic populations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions; they were molecularly analyzed and 139 sequences (50 sequence for COI and 89 sequence for ND5) were used to determine the population structure and genetic diversity. For ND5 gene region, the samples produced 24 haplotypes derived from 15 variable sites and for COI gene region, 43 haplotypes were derived from 17 variable sites. The haplotype for both gene regions was higher than nucleotide diversity. Haplotype phylogeny revealed two groups present in all populations. AMOVA test results show that the geographical populations were the same for all gene regions. Results suggest that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus is a native population in Türkiye, the species is progressing towards speciation and there is no genetic differentiation between provinces and regions.

Conclusion

This study provides useful information on the molecular identifcation and genetic diversity of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus; these results are important to improve mosquito control programs.
Teaching quality in kindergarten: professional development and quality of adaptive learning support enhances mathematical competency
Authors: Dunekacke Simone , Wullschleger Andrea , Grob Urs , Heinze Aiso , Lindmeier Anke , Vogt Franziska , Geeler Susanne Kuratli , Leuchter Miriam , Meier-Wyder Anuschka , Seemann Selma , Opitz Elisabeth Moser
Published: April 2024

Adaptive learning support provided by kindergarten teachers before and after (macro-adaptive learning support) as well as during mathematical learning activities (micro-adaptive learning support) is a cross-cutting concept of teaching quality. Effective adaptive learning support enhances children’s learning. However, providing it is challenging and teachers need professional development (PD) to improve the quality of their support. This study investigates the mediating role of teaching quality between PD programs for kindergarten teachers and the development of children’s mathematical competency. 122 kindergarten teachers and their 825 pupils participated in the study. The teachers were randomly assigned to three groups. Two groups attended PD sessions designed to foster either macro- or micro-adaptive learning support. The third was the materials-only control group. The data was analyzed using a self-developed rating instrument focusing on generic and domain-specific elements of teaching quality related to macro- and micro-adaptive learning support. The multilevel latent change model analysis revealed that the PD programs had positive and significant effects on the teaching quality of kindergarten teachers. A significant positive relationship was also found between micro-adaptive learning support and changes in children’s mathematical competency. However, an indirect effect of teaching quality could not be detected, and the PD programs did not have a total effect on children’s mathematical competency. The study reinforces the importance of PD that specifically targets macro- and micro-adaptive learning support for kindergarten teachers. The mediation between PD and mathematical competency development requires further investigation.
Epidemiological analysis to identify predictors of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) diagnosis in an Italian pediatric population: the EPIX project
Authors: Crisafulli Salvatore , Ingrasciotta Ylenia , Vitturi Giacomo , Fontana Andrea , L’Abbate Luca , Alessi Ylenia , Ferraù Francesco , Cantarutti Luigi , Lazzerini Debora , Cannavò Salvatore , Trifirò Gianluca
Published: April 2024

Purpose

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare multi-systemic disease characterized by low plasma phosphate levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the annual XLH prevalence and internally evaluate predictive algorithms’ application performance for the early diagnosis of XLH.

Methods

The PediaNet database, containing data on more than 400,000 children aged up to 14 years, was used to identify a cohort of XLH patients, which were matched with up to 10 controls by date of birth and gender. The annual prevalence of XLH cases per 100,000 patients registered in PediaNet database was estimated. To identify possible predictors associated with XLH diagnosis, a logistic regression model and two machine learning algorithms were applied. Predictive analyses were separately carried out including patients with at least 1 or 2 years of database history in PediaNet.

Results

Among 431,021 patients registered in the PediaNet database between 2007–2020, a total of 12 cases were identified with a mean annual prevalence of 1.78 cases per 100,000 patients registered in PediaNet database. Overall, 8 cases and 60 matched controls were included in the analysis. The random forest algorithm achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value both in the one-year prior ID (AUC = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99–1.00) and the two-year prior ID (AUC = 1.00, 95% CI = 1.00–1.00) analysis. Overall, the XLH predictors selected by the three predictive methods were: the number of vitamin D prescriptions, the number of recorded diagnoses of acute respiratory infections, the number of prescriptions of antihistamine for systemic use, the number of prescriptions of X-ray of the lower limbs and pelvis and the number of allergology visits.

Conclusion

Findings showed that data-driven machine learning models may play a prominent role for the prediction of the diagnosis of rare diseases such as XLH.
Blood vessel organoids generated by base editing and harboring single nucleotide variation in Notch3 effectively recapitulate CADASIL-related pathogenesis
Authors: Ahn Yujin , An Ju-Hyun , Yang Hae-Jun , Lee Wi-Jae , Lee Sang-Hee , Park Young-Ho , Lee Jong-Hee , Lee Hong J. , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Sun-Uk
Published: April 2024

Human blood vessel organoids (hBVOs) offer a promising platform for investigating vascular diseases and identifying therapeutic targets. In this study, we focused on in vitro modeling and therapeutic target finding of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. Despite the identification of these mutations, the underlying pathological mechanism is elusive, and effective therapeutic approaches are lacking. CADASIL primarily affects the blood vessels in the brain, leading to ischemic strokes, migraines, and dementia. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 base-editing technology, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying Notch3 mutations. These mutant hiPSCs were differentiated into hBVOs. The NOTCH3 mutated hBVOs exhibited CADASIL-like pathology, characterized by a reduced vessel diameter and degeneration of mural cells. Furthermore, we observed an accumulation of Notch3 extracellular domain (Notch3ECD), increased apoptosis, and cytoskeletal alterations in the NOTCH3 mutant hBVOs. Notably, treatment with ROCK inhibitors partially restored the disconnection between endothelial cells and mural cells in the mutant hBVOs. These findings shed light on the pathogenesis of CADASIL and highlight the potential of hBVOs for studying and developing therapeutic interventions for this debilitating human vascular disorder.
Network analysis in peace and state building: revealing power elites
Authors: Luna-Pla Issa
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the potential role of network analysis in understanding the powerful elites that pose a significant threat to peace and state-building within post-conflict contexts. This paper makes a threefold contribution. First, it identifies a caveat in the scholarship surrounding international interventions, shedding light on shortcomings in their design and implementation strategies, and elucidating the influence these elites wield in the political and economic realms. Next, it delineates the essentials of the network analysis approach, addressing the information and data requirements and limitations inherent in its application in conflict environments. Finally, the paper provides valuable insights gleaned from the international operation in Guatemala known as the International Commission for Impunity in Guatemala, which specifically targeted illicit networks. The argument asserts that network analysis functions as a dual-purpose tool—serving as both a descriptive instrument to reveal, identify, and address the root causes of conflict and a predictive tool to enhance peace agreement implementation and improve decision-making. Simultaneously, it underscores the challenge of data analysis and translating network interventions into tangible real-life consequences for long-lasting results.
Understanding, diagnosing, and treating pancreatic cancer from the perspective of telomeres and telomerase
Authors: Shou Songting , Li Yuanliang , Chen Jiaqin , Zhang Xing , Zhang Chuanlong , Jiang Xiaochen , Liu Fudong , Yi Li , Zhang Xiyuan , Geer En , Pu Zhenqing , Pang Bo
Published: April 2024

Telomerase is associated with cellular aging, and its presence limits cellular lifespan. Telomerase by preventing telomere shortening can extend the number of cell divisions for cancer cells. In adult pancreatic cells, telomeres gradually shorten, while in precancerous lesions of cancer, telomeres in cells are usually significantly shortened. At this time, telomerase is still in an inactive state, and it is not until before and after the onset of cancer that telomerase is reactivated, causing cancer cells to proliferate. Methylation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter and regulation of telomerase by lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) is the mechanism of telomerase reactivation in pancreatic cancer. Understanding the role of telomeres and telomerase in pancreatic cancer will help to diagnose and initiate targeted therapy as early as possible. This article reviews the role of telomeres and telomerase as biomarkers in the development of pancreatic cancer and the progress of research on telomeres and telomerase as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Vision transformer to differentiate between benign and malignant slices in 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nishigaki Daiki , Suzuki Yuki , Watabe Tadashi , Katayama Daisuke , Kato Hiroki , Wataya Tomohiro , Kita Kosuke , Sato Junya , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Kido Shoji
Published: April 2024

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is widely used for the detection, diagnosis, and clinical decision-making in oncological diseases. However, in daily medical practice, it is often difficult to make clinical decisions because of physiological FDG uptake or cancers with poor FDG uptake. False negative clinical diagnoses of malignant lesions are critical issues that require attention. In this study, Vision Transformer (ViT) was used to automatically classify 18F-FDG PET/CT slices as benign or malignant. This retrospective study included 18F-FDG PET/CT data of 207 (143 malignant and 64 benign) patients from a medical institute to train and test our models. The ViT model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.90 [95% CI 0.89, 0.91], which was superior to the baseline Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models (EfficientNet, 0.87 [95% CI 0.86, 0.88], P < 0.001; DenseNet, 0.87 [95% CI 0.86, 0.88], P < 0.001). Even when FDG uptake was low, ViT produced an AUC of 0.81 [95% CI 0.77, 0.85], which was higher than that of the CNN (DenseNet, 0.65 [95% CI 0.59, 0.70], P < 0.001). We demonstrated the clinical value of ViT by showing its sensitive analysis of easy-to-miss cases of oncological diseases.
Deep learning assists in acute leukemia detection and cell classification via flow cytometry using the acute leukemia orientation tube
Authors: Cheng Fu-Ming , Lo Shih-Chang , Lin Ching-Chan , Lo Wen-Jyi , Chien Shang-Yu , Sun Ting-Hsuan , Hsu Kai-Cheng
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of AI in screening acute leukemia and its capability to classify either physiological or pathological cells. Utilizing an acute leukemia orientation tube (ALOT), one of the protocols of Euroflow, flow cytometry efficiently identifies various forms of acute leukemia. However, the analysis of flow cytometry can be time-consuming work. This retrospective study included 241 patients who underwent flow cytometry examination using ALOT between 2017 and 2022. The collected flow cytometry data were used to train an artificial intelligence using deep learning. The trained AI demonstrated a 94.6% sensitivity in detecting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and a 98.2% sensitivity for B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients. The sensitivities of physiological cells were at least 80%, with variable performance for pathological cells. In conclusion, the AI, trained with ResNet-50 and EverFlow, shows promising results in identifying patients with AML and B-ALL, as well as classifying physiological cells.
Temporal and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Danube River in Hungary
Authors: Grmasha Ruqayah Ali , Stenger-Kovács Csilla , Al-sareji Osamah J. , Al-Juboori Raed A. , Meiczinger Mónika , Andredaki Manolia , Idowu Ibijoke A. , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Hashim Khalid , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: April 2024

The Danube is a significant transboundary river on a global scale, with several tributaries. The effluents from industrial operations and wastewater treatment plants have an impact on the river's aquatic ecosystem. These discharges provide a significant threat to aquatic life by deteriorating the quality of water and sediment. Hence, a total of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were analyzed at six locations along the river, covering a period of 12 months. The objective was to explore the temporal and spatial fluctuations of these chemicals in both water and sediment. The study revealed a significant fluctuation in the concentration of PAHs in water throughout the year, with levels ranging from 224.8 ng/L during the summer to 365.8 ng/L during the winter. Similarly, the concentration of PAHs in sediment samples varied from 316.7 ng/g in dry weight during the summer to 422.9 ng/g in dry weight during the winter. According to the Europe Drinking Water Directive, the levels of PAHs exceeded the permitted limit of 100 ng/L, resulting in a 124.8% rise in summer and a 265.8% increase in winter. The results suggest that the potential human-caused sources of PAHs were mostly derived from pyrolytic and pyrogenic processes, with pyrogenic sources being more dominant. Assessment of sediment quality standards (SQGs) showed that the levels of PAHs in sediments were below the Effect Range Low (ERL), except for acenaphthylene (Acy) and fluorene (Fl) concentrations. This suggests that there could be occasional biological consequences. The cumulative Individual Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) exceeds 1/104 for both adults and children in all sites.
Impact of center volume on in-hospital mortality in adult patients with out‑of‑hospital cardiac arrest resuscitated using extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a secondary analysis of the SAVE-J II study
Authors: Misumi Kayo , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Kimura Takuya , Hifumi Toru , Inoue Akihiko , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Ogura Takayuki ,   the SAVE-J II. study group, Sawano Hirotaka , Egawa Yuko , Kato Shunichi , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Bunya Naofumi , Kasai Takehiko , Ijuin Shinichi , Nakayama Shinichi , Kanda Jun , Kanou Seiya , Takiguchi Toru , Yokobori Shoji , Takada Hiroaki , Inoue Kazushige , Takeuchi Ichiro , Honzawa Hiroshi , Kobayashi Makoto , Hamagami Tomohiro , Takayama Wataru , Otomo Yasuhiro , Maekawa Kunihiko , Shimizu Takafumi , Nara Satoshi , Nasu Michitaka , Takahashi Kuniko , Fukuda Reo , Shiraishi Shinichiro , Zushi Ryosuke , Otani Norio , Kikuchi Migaku , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nakagami Takuo , Shoko Tomohisa , Kitamura Nobuya , Otani Takayuki , Matsuoka Yoshinori , Sakuraya Masaaki , Arimoto Hideki , Homma Koichiro , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Shunichiro , Okazaki Tomoya , Tahara Yoshio , Okamoto Hiroshi , Kunikata Jun , Yokoi Hideto
Published: April 2024

Recently, patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) refractory to conventional resuscitation have started undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). However, the mortality rate of these patients remains high. This study aimed to clarify whether a center ECPR volume was associated with the survival rates of adult patients with OHCA resuscitated using ECPR. This was a secondary analysis of a retrospective multicenter registry study, the SAVE-J II study, involving 36 participating institutions in Japan. Centers were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of the annual average number of patients undergoing ECPR: high-volume (≥ 21 sessions per year), medium-volume (11–20 sessions per year), or low-volume (< 11 sessions per year). The primary outcome was survival rate at the time of discharge. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared among the three groups. Moreover, a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model was applied to study the impact of center ECPR volume. A total of 1740 patients were included in this study. The center ECPR volume was strongly associated with survival rate at the time of discharge; furthermore, survival rate was best in high-volume compared with medium- and low-volume centers (33.4%, 24.1%, and 26.8%, respectively; P = 0.001). After adjusting for patient characteristics, undergoing ECPR at high-volume centers was associated with an increased likelihood of survival compared to middle- (adjusted odds ratio 0.657; P = 0.003) and low-volume centers (adjusted odds ratio 0.983; P = 0.006). The annual number of ECPR sessions was associated with favorable survival rates and lower complication rates of the ECPR procedure.

Clinical trial registration: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041577 (unique identifier: UMIN000036490).
Comparative evaluation of neonicotinoids and their metabolites-induced oxidative stress in carp primary leukocytes and CLC cells
Authors: Rymuszka Anna , Sieroslawska Anna
Published: April 2024

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) have been designed to act selectively on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, nAChRs are also expressed in vertebrate immune cells, so NEOs may interfere with the immune system in exposed non-target animals. The present study shows that NEOs: imidacloprid and thiacloprid, and their main metabolites: desnitro-imidacloprid and thiacloprid amide, at sub-micromolar concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 20 μM, affect the immune cells of fish. This was found both in primary cultures of leukocytes isolated from the carp head kidney and in the continuous adherent carp monocyte/macrophage cell line. Moreover, the results revealed that the studied pesticides and metabolites generate oxidative stress in carp immune cells and that this is one of the most important mechanisms of neonicotinoid immunotoxicity. Significant increases were observed in the formation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant status alteration was linked with decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Importantly, the metabolites: desnitro-imidacloprid and thiacloprid amide showed significantly higher cytotoxicity towards fish leukocytes than their parent compounds, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, which emphasizes the importance of including intermediate metabolites in toxicology studies.
Does the active hydrogen atom in the hydantoin anion affect the physical properties, CO2 capture and conversion of ionic liquids?
Authors: Chen Tingting , Sun Zhongyuan , Guo Yujun , Xu Yingjie
Published: April 2024

The active hydrogen on the anion allows [P4442][Hy] to be a potential CO2-responsive molecular switch, in contrast to its role on the cation. [P4442]2[Hy] without active hydrogen on the anion shows good CO2 capture and conversion.
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate-induced structure modification and reconstruction of nickel foams for oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Yang Huamei , Chen Ziqin , Luo Kai , Yu Mengjun , Zhang Yao
Published: April 2024

Surface chemical etching for the in situ growth of metal–organic materials and electrochemical reconstruction are expected to efficiently improve the catalytic performance of oxygen evolution reactions (OERs).
Thermal evaporation as sample preparation for silver–assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of cholesterol in amyloid tissues
Authors: Strnad Štěpán , Vrkoslav Vladimír , Mengr Anna , Fabián Ondřej , Rybáček Jiří , Kubánek Miloš , Melenovský Vojtěch , Maletínská Lenka , Cvačka Josef
Published: April 2024

Optimization and evaluation of thermal evaporation as a technique for silver deposition in MSI of cholesterol.
Anisotropic growth of gold anchors on CdSe semiconductor quantum platelets for self-assembled architectures with well-connected electronic circuits for the electrochemical detection of enrofloxacin
Authors: Cao Yue , Wang Shengyan , Li Huan , Gao Yan-Yan , Li Mei , Wang Hua , Zhu Wenlei , Zhou Yang
Published: April 2024

Anisotropic growth of gold anchors on CdSe semiconductor quantum platelets for self-assembled architectures with well-connected electronic circuits for enrofloxacin electro-oxidation.
A calix[3]carbazole-based cavitand: synthesis, structure and its complexation with fullerenes
Authors: Zhang Fan , Du Xu-Sheng , Song Kui-Zhu , Han Ying , Lu Hai-Yan , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: April 2024

A calixcarbazole-based cavitand was conveniently synthesized, which showed excellent complexation with fullerenes C60 and C70 in solution and the solid state.
Cucurbit[8]uril-based host–guest complexation enhancing afterglow of a naphthalimide derivative for anti-counterfeiting printing
Authors: Wu Yong , Sun Dongdong , Han Xie , Liang Feng , Liu Simin
Published: April 2024

The host–guest complexation strategy was introduced to enhance afterglow of a bromophenoxy-substituted naphthalimide derivative and its polymer. The host–guest complex with humidity response was used as an encryption ink.
Identification of Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeine, Melanoidin, Sucrose, and Protein Content of Local Indonesia Arabica Coffee Base on Its Cupping and Variety Variation
Authors: Misto  , Indarti Siti , Safitri Yustina , Mutmainnah  , Mulyono Tri , Dwi Alawiyah Dela
Published: April 2024

The increased demand for high-quality coffee led to the need to evaluate coffee quality for market acceptance. Indonesia has Arabica, which has the potential for high selling value. Arabica coffee varieties, including Ateng, Lini S, and Sigararutang, affect the content of compounds in coffee beans, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeine, melanoidin, sucrose, and protein. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of Arabica coffee varieties on the compound composition and flavor characteristics of coffee. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the quantity of chlorogenic acid, caffeine, melanoidin, sucrose, and protein in different Arabica coffee varietals. The study revealed that the content of these compounds differed among the varieties. The Lini S variety had the highest chlorogenic acid and caffeine content, while the Ateng variety had the highest melanoidin, sucrose, and protein content. The varying levels of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in coffee significantly impact its flavor, resulting in a unique sour and bitter taste in coffee brew. Melanoidin, a high-molecular-weight brown compound, contributes to the malty flavor of coffee, along with sweet, nutty, caramel, and spice notes. Sucrose adds a sweet hint to coffee brew, while protein has a relatively minimal influence on coffee flavor.
The impact of different pairing scheme on female reproductive investment: Research on Japanese Quail (Cortunix japonica)
Authors: Lelono Asmoro , Sugiharto Bambang , Nurdian Yudha
Published: April 2024

Determining the sex of the embryo during incubation is crucial for the poultry industry. The primary problem to comprehend in this study is the manipulation of the sex ratio and also the egg production. The study will concentrate on how two distinct methods of pairing parents—one male with one female and another male with three females—affect egg production, the average egg mass, and the sex offspring ratio. As the animal model, we employ the layer strain of the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) since they produce continuous eggs each day and easy to handle. The Japanese quail pairs were housed for seven days prior to the start of egg collection. These eggs were nurtured for up to three weeks after hatching until the sexing could be determined. When compared to a pair of three females, the egg production of a single pair was much higher when alternative pattern schemes were used. However, the mass of their typical eggs is remarkably similar. The male to female chick offspring sex ratio regularly showed to be 1:1 or equal. This finding could serve as the foundation for further research into the impact of partner pairing on another avian layer strain.
Scientific basis of approval of planting periods and standards of winter barley varieties in rainfall lands
Authors: Khalilov Nasriddin , Khudaiberdieva Shakhlo , Muminova Zulfia , Ismailov Vokhid
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes stem height, crop structure, productivity and effect on grain quality of barley varieties. According to the results of the experiment, it was noted that the highest plant height in the full ripening phase of Lalmikor and Mushtarak varieties of barley was 62.8-64.6 cm and 62.4-64.1 cm in the early (October 15) planting period. In both varieties, stem height resulted in lower plant height with delayed planting dates. The decrease in the planting rate caused the plant to grow taller. In all planting periods, the plant height was the highest in the option with 2.0 million grains/ha of seeds, and the shortest in the option with 3.0 million grains/ha of seeds. The number of productive stems in the Lalmikor variety was from 176.1 to 235.2 grains per 1 m2, and this indicator was 12.7 to 8.4 more than the Mushtarak variety. While the number of productive stems per 1 m2 was the highest 235.2 in the Lalmikor variety, when the sowing rate was 2.5 million grains/ha and planting time on October 30, 226.8 grains were observed in the Mushtarak variety, in which 3.0 million grains/ha of seeds were used on October 15.
The effectiveness of methods of preliminary creation of material in potato seed production
Authors: Ergashev I.T. , Bekmuradova Kh.K. , Turakulov O.Kh. , Toshkentbaeva F.I. , Ergashev U.I.
Published: April 2024

The work analyzes methods for creating initial material for virus-free potato seed production. Determined that, elites grown from healthy tubers using the apical meristem method have higher productivity than seed potatoes grown from starting material created by other methods. Installed that, with visual observation and serological analysis, in comparison with the control, the average plant height is 5 cm, the number of stems is 0.4, the absorption surface is 2.3 thousand m2 per hectare, virus infection in an obvious form is 1.5%, in a latent form - 4.4% less, with a yield of 3.7 t/ha. For example, during visual observation and serological analysis, the average height of plants was 84 cm, the number of main stems formed per plant was 4.4, and it was found that the absorbing surface was 34.9 thousand m2/ha per hectare. In the control variant, these indicators remained at the level of 79 cm, 4 pcs. and 32.6 thousand m2/ha, respectively. Based on a visual assessment of the initial buds and serological analysis, in the selected variant, only 8.25% of plants showed obvious symptoms of a viral disease, while in the control variant, these indicators showed symptoms of the disease in 9.7% of plants. It has been researched that, in the case of using buds treated by the meristem method, obvious symptoms of the virus were observed in 5.8% of plants, and in the control variant - in 9.7% of plants. In the case of using healthy buds using the triple meristem method, the level of plant infection with latent viruses was the lowest - 14.6%, while in the case when seed buds were selected only on the basis of visual assessment, this figure averaged 21.4%. That is, in addition to the currently used only visual selection of source material, it has been established that selection using serological tests reduces infection of plants by latent viruses by 6.8%. Research has shown that when growing potatoes from generative seeds, the greatest yield is obtained with the 1st reproduction of tubers obtained by this method. In this option, the yield per unit area is 31.2 tons. organized This result is explained by the fact that when potatoes are propagated by botanical seeds, viruses are not transmitted to offspring, and the concentration of infection in the first generation of such seedlings is low. Developed in research, that cultivating elite potato seeds from generative seeds of the crop can be an effective approach for generating seed stock for primary planting of potatoes, as seeds from 1-2 reproductions of tubers obtained in this way. confirms that it can be used.
Biologization of oilseed fertilization systems in the conditions of the Rostov region
Authors: Kamenev R.A. , Turchin V.V.
Published: April 2024

The article reflects the results of studies conducted in the dry steppe zone of the Russian Federation to evaluate fertilizer systems for oilseeds with the widespread use of biological preparations. The practical aspects of managing soil fertility and agrocenosis productivity in the form of an alternative fertilization system - without the use of mineral fertilizers and their limited use - are covered. The influence of biologized fertilizer systems on the elements of soil fertility, growth and development of oilseeds has been established. Data on recording biometric indicators when using the studied agricultural techniques are presented. Indicators of crop productivity were determined, and the obtained data on economic and energy assessment of the effectiveness of the studied elements of the oilseed biologization system were analyzed. A comprehensive positive effect of the studied agricultural practices on productivity has been established.
Cultivation of seeds and commercial crops from in vitro grown minitubers
Authors: Elmurodov Abdugani , Abdukarimov Diamat , Abdullayeva Yulduz , Davronova Fotima , Abdullayeva Sevara
Published: April 2024

In the conditions of the Zarafshan valley, the growth, development and productivity of potato cultivars were studied at different weights and planting depths for seed and commodity crop production. Correct determination of the planting depth of in-vitro-grown minitubers of different weights serves to increase the reproduction coefficient of rapidly multiplying minitubers. The red scarlet variety has 5-6 cm minitubers, 5-10 gram minitubers 6-7 cm, 10 grams and more minitubers 7-8 cm, and the Arnova variety has minitubers weighing up to 5 grams. Planting 6 cm, 5-10 grams and larger ones at a depth of 7-8 cm is 25-30 pieces per square meter, 456.5-485.5 thousand pieces per hectare and 6.7-6.8 hectares next year providing the field with seed.
The best examples of citrus crops from the breeding fund FRC SSC RAS
Authors: Ryndin Alexey , Kulyan Raisa
Published: April 2024

The Federal Research Centre, the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC SSC of RAS), maintains and sustains a unique collection of citrus crops, comprising 144 varieties collected from different geographical zones. The collection serves as a foundation for breeding work aimed at developing new varieties adapted to the extreme conditions of the humid subtropics in Russia. The breeding focus is on early-ripening, high-yielding, large-fruited citrus varieties with high fruit quality parameters. An extensive hybrid pool has been created, with the study of 165 forms of citrus from various origins, of which 60 are identified as promising and 28 as elite. Through comprehensive evaluation of elite forms, early-ripening and large-fruited forms have been identified, characterized by good yields and high fruit quality characteristics. Early-ripening hybrids of C. reticulāta 02-1, 2-5, and 2-2; 01-04; 01-4 ripen in the second decade of October. Promising forms of C. paradīsi G-A-2 and G-A-1, characterized by large fruit size ranging from 240.1 to 345.1 g, have been selected. The largest fruits are observed in C. Bergamia 16; P-22, with an average weight ranging from 350.8 to 430.40 g. High vitamin C content is noted in forms of C. paradīsi G-A-1; G-A-2 (54.1-43.7 mg/100g) and C. maxima P-20 (42.3 mg/100g). The sweetest fruits are found in the form of C. Bergamia 16, with a sugar content of 255.94 g/liter. The selected forms hold significant value for further breeding research.
Influence of different planting schemes on the growth, development, and productivity of the chickpeas type “Nitrigum”
Authors: Mustanov S. , Mashrabov M. , Mavlonov B.
Published: April 2024

The influence of various planting schemes on the growth, development and productivity of the variety chickpeas “Nitrigum” in the conditions of meadow gray soils in the Okdarya district of the Samarkand region was studied. When planting chickpeas according to different (45x9, 60x9, 70x9, and 90x9) planting schemes, the growing season of chickpeas is short (74–85 days), its height is high (61.2–69.7 cm), and it has the highest yield for the year (2021–2022). When planting according to the 45x9 scheme, the yield was 23.9–24.1 c/ha, and the lowest yield was 18.5–19.5 c/ha, respectively, when planting according to the 90x9 scheme.
Study of mechanical damage of paddy(rice) during drying in the device
Authors: Bekkulov Batirali , Aliyev Rayimjon , Rakhmonkulov Tursunboy , Atabayev Kamil , Yusupova Ranokhon , Khadjieva Salimakhon
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the research conducted by the authors on the study of the mechanical damage of paddy (rice) passing through the screw conveyor of the mobile rice drying device. The study of the mechanical damage of paddy (rice) makes it possible to make recommendations to increase the amount of rice, which is a useful product, obtained as a result of mechanical processing of dried rice. 3 batches of 100 grains were taken from the pile paddy. The amount of mechanically damaged rice was determined as a percentage of 100 grains of paddy and the average value was obtained for 3 batches. When the number of revolutions of the screw shaft is 50 min-1, the mechanical damage of paddy (rice) is small, but the transportation of rice in the screw conveyor is found to be reduced. When the number of revolutions of the screw shaft is 200 min-1, the mechanical damage of rice (rice) is high, but the transportation of rice in the screw conveyor is found to be increased.
Technology of apple desserts for functional purpose
Authors: Feshchenko Valentina , Nikonets Olesya , Komarova Svetlana , Klimovtsova Natalia , Ereschenko Yulia
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the relevance and development of technologies of dessert dishes of functional purpose - apple mousse with fructose and quinoa flour. Organoleptic, technological and physicochemical studies have been carried out, which proved the feasibility of using fructose and quinoa flour. In the process of technological developments, taking into account organoleptic evaluation, a prototype was selected and the technology of apple mousse with fructose and quinoa flour was developed. Technological developments were carried out to replace semolina with quinoa flour. It was introduced in the amount from 10 to 100% of semolina weight. It was established that the optimal is the dosage of quinoa flour in the amount of 45%. Organoleptic evaluation of apple mousse with full extraction of sugar and semolina with the use of quinoa, gelatin and fructose on a 5-point scale, where such quality indicators as appearance, colour, smell, taste, consistency were determined. According to the results of the conducted research the technology of apple mousse with fructose and quinoa with improved content of essential nutrients was developed. On the basis of the obtained data we can conclude that the developed apple mousse with fructose and quinoa, enrich the human diet with deficient nutrients and reduce the amount of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Development of technical solutions for environmentally safe irrigation
Authors: Ovchinnikov Alexey , Bocharnikov Viktor , Kozinskaya Olga , Bocharnikova Olesya , Denisova Maria , Pustovalov Evgeny , Repenko Tatiana
Published: April 2024

The article presents technical solutions to reduce the negative impact on soil. Scientists have developed and continue to study ways to eliminate the negative effects of sprinkling irrigation occurring due to the mechanical impact of droplets on the soil leading to its compaction and the formation of soil crust depending on the type of soil. The useful model refers to the technique of sprinkler irrigation and can be used in mobile and stationary sprinkler systems to produce rain with droplet sizes acceptable for irrigation of a wide range of cultivated crops. The claimed design provides reduction of dynamic impact of drops on the soil, as a result of changes in the deflector, due to the installation of wedge-shaped flow dissectors on the surface of the flutes.
Assessment of the influence of external factors on the growth of roots and bulb scales of some varieties of Lilium L.
Authors: Nasimova Zaynab , Tashpulatov Yigitali , Mukumov Ilkhom , Hasanov Murtoza , Shernazarov Shavkat
Published: April 2024

Lily varieties are a plant that grows in moderate humidity and moderate temperature. Therefore, they are not widely grown in Uzbekistan. As with other ornamental bulbous plants, Lilies have been developed in various ways, and it is important to learn which methods work best in which environment. Lily varieties are propagated by bulbs, bulbs, cuttings, leaves, small buds on the stem (bulbous) and seeds. These methods of reproduction allow selection of varieties suitable for a specific environment by determining the degree of influence of various external environmental factors along with substrates. Empoli, Honeymoon, Purple price cultivars belonging to the OT hybrids group showed higher values of Empoli cultivar than other cultivars when studying the effect of temperature and humidity of the sphagnum substrate on the rooting and length of the pods isolated from onion heads. Optimum humidity and temperature indicators of the substrate with sphagnum were determined for all studied varieties.
Adaptation of agricultural technologies to climate change: ways to reduce environmental impact
Authors: Michurina Nadezhda , Amosova Antonina , Kosnikov Sergey , Vasilieva Darya , Kholopov Yuriy
Published: April 2024

The article examines the impact of climate change and its consequences on agricultural production, living conditions and public health. Particular attention is paid to agricultural production as the most vulnerable sector due to climate fluctuations. The authors emphasize the need to develop predictive models and adaptation strategies that minimize negative impacts and impacts, ensure food security and increase the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change. The study is based on an analysis of scientific papers and publications for the period 2017-2023, highlighting key technologies and innovations that contribute to the adaptation of agricultural production.
Uncertainty analysis of spectral flux measurement using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Yaran Şenel , Kösemen Zühal Alpaslan , Akkan Çağri Kaan , Nişancı Hilal Fatmagül , Krüger Udo , Sperling Armin
Published: April 2024

In photometry, spectrally integrated quantities are commonly used, and their uncertainties are calculated using classical approaches. Since determining correlations at different wavelengths and effects on spectrally integrated quantities is rather complex, a noise modification of the spectral value using Monte Carlo simulation was applied to estimate unknown correlations in the uncertainty of total luminous flux based on integrated spectral luminous flux values. For this aim, an LED with 6500 K correlated colour temperature was measured in an integrated sphere flux measurement system. The correlations between the measurements at different wavelengths were analysed, and the uncertainty boundaries of the integrated quantity and total luminous flux were obtained.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Speed Boat Passenger Seats in Derawan Island Using Anthropometric Data
Authors: Pratiwi Amelia Chandra
Published: April 2024

This research aims to evaluate the ergonomics of passenger seating in speed boats used as a means of transportation in the Derawan Islands, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. This evaluation was carried out by considering anthropometric data from the Indonesian people. Anthropometric data is used to design seats that suit the size and needs of passengers to increase passenger safety and comfort during travel. The research method involved collecting anthropometric data from Indonesian people of various ages and genders. This data is used as a basis for designing seating that suits variations in human body size. Ergonomic evaluation is carried out by considering parameters such as seat width, seat back, seat cushion width, seat height, and the distance between two seats. This research indicates that existing seating designs must meet the optimal criteria for passenger ergonomic needs. Therefore, recommendations for improving seating design are prepared based on the results of the ergonomic evaluation. This design improvement aims to increase passenger safety and comfort and reduce the risk of injury. This research contributes to developing more ergonomic seating designs for sea transportation, especially using speed boats in the Derawan Islands area. The results of the ergonomic evaluation and recommendations for improvements can be used by related parties to improve service quality and passenger safety in the Derawan Islands.
Design of ergonomic chair for the embroidering processes of the bag making (case study: CV. Pinus Bag’s Specialist)
Authors: Emaputra Andrean , Oxriane Montho Meidilin , Adelina Simanjuntak Risma
Published: April 2024

Physical activities related to work activities in production operators are jobs that need attention—operator activity on a CV. Pinus Bag’s Specialist engaged in convection, especially in the embroidery process, is done using a machine; the design will be sent from the computer to the embroidery machine monitor. The operator on duty would set the fabric to be embroidered, thread the needle, frequently change the thread, and correct the twisted thread. Meanwhile, the risk level of the embroidery workers has not been evaluated, and no unique chairs have been designed for it. Then, this study will assess the risk level of employees working in the embroidery department and create ergonomic chairs that are comfortable, durable, and robust. The risk level of workers is assessed using REBA. It uses anthropometric data from 2 workers who work in the embroidery section at CV. Pinus Bag’s Specialist, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The anthropometric data come from buttocks-popliteal length (seat length), popliteal height (chair height), hip width in the sitting position (chair base width), and side shoulder width (chair back width). And shoulder height in the sitting position (backrest height). After that, the chair is designed with the help of the application. The study indicates that most of the work activities in the embroidery process require corrective action. In addition, the chair design used for the embroidery process is adjustable, comfortable, durable, and strong. The seat height is adjustable with an operator and an embroidery table. Ultimately, the embroidered chair reduced work risk from medium to work postures with low work risk.