bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Control of Meloidogyne incognita by Spore-forming Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on Cotton
Authors: Xiang Ni , Lawrence Kathy S. , Kloepper Joseph W. , Donald Patricia A. , McInroy John A. , Lawrence Gary W.
Published: December 2016

In the past decade, increased attention has been placed on biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes using various fungi and bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of 662 plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains for mortality to Meloidogyne incognita J2 in vitro and for nematode management in greenhouse, microplot, and field trials. Results indicated that the mortality of M. incognita J2 by the PGPR strains ranged from 0 to 100% with an average of 39%. Among the PGPR strains examined, 212 of 662 strains (or 33%) caused significantly greater mortality percent of M. incognita J2 than the untreated control. Bacillus was the major genus initiating a greater mortality percentage when compared with the other genera. In subsequent trials, B. velezensis strain Bve2 reduced M. incognita eggs per gram of cotton root in the greenhouse trials at 45 days after planting (DAP) similarly to the commercial standards Abamectin and Clothianidin plus B. firmus I-1582. Bacillus mojavensis strain Bmo3, B. velezensis strain Bve2, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis strain Bsssu3, and the Mixture 2 (Abamectin + Bve2 + B. altitudinis strain Bal13) suppressed M. incognita eggs per gram of root in the microplot at 45 DAP. Bacillus velezensis strains Bve2 and Bve12 also increased seed-cotton yield in the microplot and field trials. Overall, results indicate that B. velezensis strains Bve2 and Bve12, B. mojavensis strain Bmo3, and Mixture 2 have potential to reduce M. incognita population density and to enhance growth of cotton when applied as in-furrow sprays at planting.
Potato virus Y Transmission Efficiency from Potato Infected with Single or Multiple Virus Strains
Authors: Mondal Shaonpius , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Carroll Juliet E. , Wenninger Erik J. , Bosque-Pérez Nilsa A. , Whitworth Jonathan L. , Hutchinson Pamela , Eigenbrode Sanford , Gray Stewart M.
Published: December 2016

There has been a recent shift in the prevalence of Potato virus Y (PVY) strains affecting potato with the ordinary strain PVYO declining and the recombinant strains PVYNTN and PVYN:O emerging in the United States. Multiple PVY strains are commonly found in potato fields and even in individual plants. Factors contributing to the emergence of the recombinant strains are not well defined but differential aphid transmission of strains from single and mixed infections may play a role. We found that the transmission efficiencies by Myzus persicae, the green peach aphid, of PVYNTN, PVYN:O, and PVYO varied depending on the potato cultivar serving as the virus source. Overall transmission efficiency was highest from sources infected with three virus strains, whereas transmission from sources infected with one or two virus strains was not significantly different. Two strains were concomitantly transmitted by individual aphids from many of the mixed-source combinations, especially if PVYO was present. Triple-strain infections were not transmitted by any single aphid. PVYO was transmitted most efficiently from mixed-strain infection sources. The data do not support the hypothesis that differential transmission of PVY strains by M. persicae is a major contributing factor in the emergence of recombinant PVY strains in the U.S. potato crop.
Conserved Non-exonic Elements: A Novel Class of Marker for Phylogenomics
Authors: Edwards Scott V. , Cloutier Alison , Baker Allan J.
Published: December 2016

Noncoding markers have a particular appeal as tools for phylogenomic analysis because, at least in vertebrates, they appear less subject to strong variation in GC content among lineages. Thus far, ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and introns have been the most widely used noncoding markers. Here we analyze and study the evolutionary properties of a new type of noncoding marker, conserved non-exonic elements (CNEEs), which consists of noncoding elements that are estimated to evolve slower than the neutral rate across a set of species. Although they often include UCEs, CNEEs are distinct from UCEs because they are not ultraconserved, and, most importantly, the core region alone is analyzed, rather than both the core and its flanking regions. Using a data set of 16 birds plus an alligator outgroup, and ~3600 - ~3800 loci per marker type, we found that although CNEEs were less variable than UCEs or introns and in some cases exhibited a slower approach to branch resolution as determined by phylogenomic subsampling, the quality of CNEE alignments was superior to those of the other markers, with fewer gaps and missing species. Phylogenetic resolution using coalescent approaches was comparable among the three marker types, with most nodes being fully and congruently resolved. Comparison of phylogenetic results across the three marker types indicated that one branch, the sister group to the passerine+falcon clade, was resolved differently and with moderate (> 70%) bootstrap support between CNEEs and UCEs or introns. Overall, CNEEs appear to be promising as phylogenomic markers, yielding phylogenetic resolution as high as for UCEs and introns but with fewer gaps, less ambiguity in alignments and with patterns of nucleotide substitution more consistent with the assumptions of commonly used methods of phylogenetic analysis.
Repeated losses of PRDM9-directed recombination despite the conservation of PRDM9 across vertebrates
Authors: Baker Zachary , Schumer Molly , Haba Yuki , Bashkirova Lisa , Holland Chris , Rosenthal Gil G. , Przeworski Molly
Published: December 2016

Studies of highly diverged species have revealed two mechanisms by which meiotic recombination is directed to the genome—through PRDM9 binding or by targeting promoter-like features—that lead to dramatically different evolutionary dynamics of hotspots. Here, we identify PRDM9 orthologs from genome and transcriptome data in 225 species. We find the complete PRDM9 ortholog across distantly related vertebrates but, despite this broad conservation, infer a minimum of six partial and three complete losses. Strikingly, taxa carrying the complete ortholog of PRDM9 are precisely those with rapid evolution of its predicted binding affinity, suggesting that all domains are necessary for directing recombination. Indeed, as we show, swordtail fish carrying only a partial but conserved ortholog share recombination properties with PRDM9 knock-outs.
Non Diaphanous Formin Delphilin Acts as a Barbed End Capping Protein
Authors: Dutta Priyanka , Maiti Sankar
Published: December 2016

Formins are important for actin polymerization. Delphilin is a unique formin having PDZ domains and FH1, FH2 domains at its N and C terminus respectively. In this study we observed that Delphilin binds to actin filaments, and have negligible actin filament polymerizing activity. Delphilin inhibits actin filament elongation like barbed end capping protein CapZ.In vitro,Delphilin stabilized actin filaments by inhibiting actin filament depolymerisation. Therefore, our study demonstrates Delphilin as an actin-filament capping protein.
Darwinian selection of host and bacteria supports emergence of Lamarckian-like adaptation of the system as a whole
Authors: Osmanovic Dino , Kessler David A , Rabin Yitzhak , Soen Yoav
Published: December 2016

Background

The relatively fast selection of symbiotic bacteria within hosts and the potential transmission of these bacteria across generations of hosts raise the question of whether interactions between host and bacteria support emergent adaptive capabilities beyond those of germ-free hosts.

Results

To investigate possibilities for emergent adaptations that may distinguish composite host-microbiome systems from germ-free hosts, we introduce a population genetics model of a host-microbiome system with vertical transmission of bacteria. The host and its bacteria are jointly exposed to a toxic agent, creating a toxic stress that can be alleviated by selection of resistant individuals and by secretion of a detoxification agent (“detox”). We show that toxic exposure in one generation of hosts leads to selection of resistant bacteria, which in turn, increases the toxic tolerance of the host’s offspring. Prolonged exposure to toxin over many host generations promotes additional form of emergent adaptation due to selection of hosts based on detox capabilities of their bacterial community as a whole (as opposed to properties of individual bacteria).

Conclusions

These findings show that interactions between pure Darwinian selections of host and its bacteria can give rise to emergent adaptive capabilities, including Lamarckian-like adaptation of the host-microbiome system.
Historian: accurate reconstruction of ancestral sequences and evolutionary rates
Authors: Holmes Ian
Published: December 2016

Reconstruction of ancestral sequence histories, and estimation of parameters like indel rates, are improved by using explicit evolutionary models and summing over uncertain alignments. The previous best tool for this purpose (according to simulation benchmarks) was ProtPal, but this tool was too slow for practical use. Historian combines an efficient reimplementation of the ProtPal algorithm with performance-improving heuristics from other alignment tools. Simulation results on fidelity of rate estimation via ancestral reconstruction, along with evaluations on the structurally-informed alignment dataset BAliBase 3.0, recommend Historian over other alignment tools for evolutionary applications. Historian is available athttps://github.com/ihh/indelhistorianunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 US license. Contact: Ian Holmesihholmes+historian@gmail.com.
Approximating the near-edge mass absorption coefficients for Ni using an ultra-thin bimetal foil
Authors: Alkire R. W.
Published: December 2016

In an effort to improve the characteristics of a fluorescing metal-foil-based beam position monitor, a new bimetal ultra-thin (0.98/0.67 µm) Ti–Ni foil was introduced to replace an existing single-element ultra-thin 0.5 µm thick Cr foil. During characterization it was determined that absorption measurements on the bimetal foil could be used to fit the Ni mass absorption coefficients accurately in the vicinity of the Ni K edge. Comparison with experimental results from the literature demonstrated that the fitting procedure produced coefficients with uncertainties of the order of ±1%. Once determined, these fit coefficients allowed the thickness of an independently mounted 8 µm thick Ni foil to be computed from absorption measurements instead of relying on a tool-based measurement of the foil thickness. Using the 8 µm thick foil, a continuous map of Ni mass absorption coefficients was produced at 1 eV resolution throughout the near-edge region. This high-resolution map marks a significant improvement over the existing NIST XCOM or FFAST database mass absorption coefficients, which have estimated errors of 10–20% for the near-edge region.
Implementation of ISO 9001 in the Spanish tourism industry
Authors: Djofack Sidonie , Camacho Marco Antonio Robledo
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Although many studies have concentrated on analyzing the impact of the implementation of ISO 9001 certification, there is still a clear need for research in specific sectors. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the implementation of this international management system standard in the tourism industry, and in particular the motivations conducting to its adoption and the satisfaction derived from it.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 120 ISO 9001-certified Spanish tourism companies. Confirmatory factor analysis tests were used to verify the scales validity and reliability. The logit model was utilized to investigate the statistical effects of ISO certification.

Findings

The paper findings showed that the certified companies in the tourism industry implement ISO 9001 more for internal reasons, like improving processes and procedures or products and/or services, than for external reasons, like the image of the company or promotional or sales tools. The variables size, age and use of a consultant affect the cost and time factors for the implementation of a quality system. In addition, the certification process generated three categories of benefits, with the organizational and control benefits being the more relevant. These benefits are correlated to the antiquity of the certificate. In the final analysis, results show that tourism companies are generally satisfied with the ISO 9001 certificate.

Originality/value

The ISO 9001 quality management system is part of the modern management tools. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the motivations and benefits for implementing the ISO 9001 certification and to the analysis of its application in a particular industry as important as the tourism industry in Spain, a country that is recognized for its leadership in tourism.
Getting acquainted with social networks and apps: Gotta catch them all? Augmented reality gaming apps
Authors: Anderson Katie Elson
Published: December 2016

Purpose

This past summer marked the release of a record-breaking mobile app, an app that had more downloads during its first week of release on the Apple App store than any other app before it (Vanian, 2016).

Design/methodology/approach

With 7.2 million downloads in its first week, Pokémon Go became an overnight sensation (Mac, 2016) and has continued to grow since the initial release.

Findings

News about this app was hard to avoid during the summer months, especially in the USA where it was reported that one in ten Americans was using Pokémon Go (Mac, 2016).

Originality/value

The download numbers have continued to grow to an impressive 500 million as of September 2016, and the app continues to increase its worldwide audience and is currently available in 100 countries (Skipper, 2016). What is this app that has captured such large international audiences? Why has it become so popular? And most importantly, what does it have to do with libraries?
What’s trending in libraries from the internet cybersphere – alternate technology use – 03 – 2016
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

This last edition of the column begins with the disadvantages of sleeping in the library and ends with 60-year-old overdue loans, but in between are alternate ways of using different technology to access information!

Design/methodology/approach

Sleeping in the library is trending on the internet, not because it is a nice pastime, but because it is one of the most viral trends of the year.

Findings

The real advice is that falling asleep in public places such as libraries is not good. A lot of wild reactions to the picture of a girl sleeping in a university library has caused all sorts, as “photo-shoppers”have had a field day, putting the sleeper in all sorts of situations – in Drake’s “Hotline Bling” music video, dancing with Michael Jackson and more.

Social implications

Derrick Lewis on 26th August reported that an Orange County library had made wi-fi devices available for rural internet users.

Originality/value

It is helping rural families make faster connections, and it is free to try the device which can be borrowed for 3 weeks and renewed twice if no one else has booked to use it.
Modes of Variability of Annual and Seasonal Rainfall in Mexico
Authors: Alvarez‐Olguin Gabriela , Escalante‐Sandoval Carlos
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to identify temporal and spatial variability patterns of annual and seasonal rainfall in Mexico. A set of 769 weather stations located in Mexico was examined. The country was divided into 12 homogeneous rainfall regions via principal component analysis. A Pettitt test was conducted to perform a homogeneity analysis for detecting abrupt changes in mean rainfall levels, and a Mann‐Kendall test was conducted to examine the presence of monotonically increasing/decreasing patterns in the data. In total, 14.4% of the annual series was deemed nonstationary. Fourteen percent of the samples were nonstationary in the winter and summer, and 9% were nonstationary in the spring and autumn. According to the results, the nonstationarity of some seasonal rainfall series may be associated with the presence of atmospheric phenomena (e.g., El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation). A rainfall frequency analysis was performed for the nonstationary annual series, and significant differences in the return levels can be expected for the scenarios analyzed. The identification of areas that are more susceptible to changes in rainfall levels will improve water resource management plans in the country, and it is expected that these plans will take into account nonstationary theory.
Resource Allocation and Priority Setting in Health Care: A Multi‐criteria Decision Analysis Problem of Value?
Authors: Angelis Aris , Kanavos Panos , Montibeller Gilberto
Published: December 2016

A methodological approach is needed for allocating health care resources in an efficient and fair way that gives legitimacy to decisions. Currently, most priority setting approaches tend to focus on single or limited benefit dimensions, even though the value of new health care interventions is multi‐dimensional. Explicit elicitation of social value trade‐offs is usually not possible and decision‐makers often adopt intuitive or heuristic modes for simplification purposes as part of an ad hoc decision‐making process which might diminish the reasonableness and credibility of the decisions. In this paper, we suggest that multi‐criteria decision analysis could provide a more comprehensive and transparent approach in health care to systematically capture decision‐makers’ concerns, compare value trade‐offs and elicit their value preferences. We conclude that such methods could inform the development of a decision support system in health care, contributing towards more efficient, rational and legitimate resource allocation decisions.
Searching for wheat resistance to aphids and wheat bulb fly in the historical Watkins and Gediflux wheat collections
Authors: Aradottir G.I. , Martin J.L. , Clark S.J. , Pickett J.A. , Smart L.E.
Published: December 2016

Insect pests can reduce wheat yield by direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Here we report results from laboratory and field phenotyping studies on a wide range of wheat, including landraces from the Watkins collection deriving from before the green revolution, more modern cultivars from the Gediflux collection (north‐western Europe) and modern UK Elite varieties, for resistance to the bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae). A total of 338 lines were screened for R. padi and 340 lines for S. avenae. Field trials were also conducted on 122 Watkins lines to identify wheat bulb fly, Delia coarctata, preference on these landraces. Considerable variation was shown in insect performance among and within different wheat collections, with reduced susceptibility in a number of varieties, but phenotyping did not identify strong resistance to aphids or wheat bulb fly. Field trials showed within collection differences in aphid performance, with fewer aphids populating lines from the Watkins collection. This differs from development data in laboratory bioassays and suggests that there is a pre‐alighting cue deterring aphid settlement and demonstrates differences in aphid preference and performance on older plants in the field compared with seedlings in the laboratory, highlighting the need for phenotyping for aphid resistance at different plant growth stages. No association was identified between performance of the different insect species on individual varieties, potentially suggesting different nutritional requirements or resistance mechanisms.
Effect of Balloon‐Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Positioning: A Patient‐Specific Numerical Model
Authors: Bianchi Matteo , Marom Gil , Ghosh Ram P. , Fernandez Harold A. , Taylor James R. , Slepian Marvin J. , Bluestein Danny
Published: December 2016

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a life‐saving and effective alternative to surgical valve replacement in high‐risk, elderly patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis. Despite its early promise, certain limitations and adverse events, such as suboptimal placement and valve migration, have been reported. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of various TAVR deployment locations on the procedural outcome by assessing the risk for valve migration. The deployment of a balloon‐expandable Edwards SAPIEN valve was simulated via finite element analysis in a patient‐specific calcified aortic root, which was reconstructed from CT scans of a retrospective case of valve migration. The deployment location was parametrized in three configurations and the anchorage was quantitatively assessed based on the contact between the stent and the native valve during the deployment and recoil phases. The proximal deployment led to lower contact area between the native leaflets and the stent which poses higher risk for valve migration. The distal and midway positions resulted in comparable outcomes, with the former providing a slightly better anchorage. The approach presented might be used as a predictive tool for procedural planning in order to prevent prosthesis migration and achieve better clinical outcomes.
Letter: should anti‐viral therapy be recommended for individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and at low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Zhang C.‐Y. , He Z.‐H. , Ahir B.‐K. , Luo C.‐P. , Peng N.‐F. , Li L.‐Q.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Lin et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13774 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13849.
Letter: cytokeratin‐18 as a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma regression after transarterial chemoembolization. Authors’ reply
Authors: Bantel H. , Wandrer F. , Bock B. , Kirstein M. M. , Schulze‐Osthoff K.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Bock et al and He et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13578 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13820.
Letter: APRI and FIB‐4 do not correlate with Fibrosure in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C patients
Authors: Herman M. , Okoji O. , Castaneda D. , Jirru E. , Kotler D.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Houot paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13446.
Editorial: complications of TIPSS – consolidation of a decade of experience
Authors: Rajoriya N. , Tripathi D.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Bettinger et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13809.
Letter: should anti‐viral therapy be recommended for individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and at low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? Authors’ reply
Authors: Lin D. , Yang H.‐I. , Hoang J. , Nguyen M. H.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Lin et al and Zhang et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13774 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13814.
Early prediction of thiopurine‐induced hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wong D. R. , Coenen M. J. H. , Derijks L. J. J. , Vermeulen S. H. , van Marrewijk C. J. , Klungel O. H. , Scheffer H. , Franke B. , Guchelaar H.‐J. , de Jong D. J. , Engels L. G. J. B. , Verbeek A. L. M. , Hooymans P. M. ,   the TOPIC Recruitment Team
Published: December 2016

Background

Hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal complaints and general malaise are common limiting adverse reactions of azathioprine and mercaptopurine in IBD patients, often related to high steady‐state 6‐methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotide (6‐MMPR) metabolite concentrations.

Aim

To determine the predictive value of 6‐MMPR concentrations 1 week after treatment initiation (T1) for the development of these adverse reactions, especially hepatotoxicity, during the first 20 weeks of treatment.

Methods

The cohort study consisted of the first 270 IBD patients starting thiopurine treatment as part of the Dutch randomised‐controlled trial evaluating pre‐treatment thiopurine S‐methyltransferase genotype testing (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00521950). Blood samples for metabolite assessment were collected at T1. Hepatotoxicity was defined by alanine aminotransaminase elevations >2 times the upper normal limit or a ratio of alanine aminotransaminase/alkaline phosphatase ≥5.

Results

Forty‐seven patients (17%) presented hepatotoxicity during the first 20 weeks of thiopurine treatment. A T1 6‐MMPR threshold of 3615 pmol/8 × 108 erythrocytes was defined. Analysis of patients on stable thiopurine dose (n = 174) showed that those exceeding the 6‐MMPR threshold were at increased risk of hepatotoxicity: OR = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8–8.0). Age, male gender and BMI were significant determinants. A predictive algorithm was developed based on these determinants and the 6‐MMPR threshold to assess hepatotoxicity risk [AUC = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.91)]. 6‐MMPR concentrations above the threshold also correlated with gastrointestinal complaints: OR = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4–4.3), and general malaise: OR = 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1–3.7).

Conclusions

In more than 80% of patients, thiopurine‐induced hepatotoxicity could be explained by elevated T1 6‐MMPR concentrations and the independent risk factors age, gender and BMI, allowing personalised thiopurine treatment in IBD to prevent early failure.
A Model for Implementing a Sustainability Strategy through HRM Practices
Authors: Buller Paul F. , McEvoy Glenn M.
Published: December 2016

There is a rapidly growing interest in the topic of sustainability as it relates to long‐term business performance that optimizes the “triple bottom line”: economic, environmental, and social outcomes. This article articulates a multilevel conceptual model for executing a business strategy for sustainability primarily through the design and implementation of human resource management practices. The model builds on open systems theory, the resource based view of the firm, and the concept of line of sight to identify certain key organizational capabilities, group competencies, and individual abilities and other characteristics that combine to drive organizational performance when pursuing a sustainability strategy. The article concludes with a discussion of implications of the model for theory, research, and practice.
Is Small Always Beautiful? A Dialogue
Authors: Pearson Gordon , Parker Martin
Published: December 2016

For quite a few years the two authors have been engaging in dialogues about management issues. Using as a model Plato's dialogues between Socrates and his various students, we have tried to clarify the nature of a concept by asking questions and thinking carefully about the answers. We disagree about many things, but agree that we respect each other's opinions, and can clarify our own viewpoints by debating them respectfully with another. For this dialogue, we decided to focus on the question of the scale of business operations. One of us has a particular preference for small scale enterprise, and for the localisation of the economy, because he believes that the giganticism of corporations is behind many of the problems we face today. As you will see, the other protagonist disagrees, arguing instead that other issues than scale are at the root of why some businesses do bad things.
Hypothesis Testing of Matrix Graph Model with Application to Brain Connectivity Analysis
Authors: Xia Yin , Li Lexin
Published: December 2016

Brain connectivity analysis is now at the foreground of neuroscience research. A connectivity network is characterized by a graph, where nodes represent neural elements such as neurons and brain regions, and links represent statistical dependence that is often encoded in terms of partial correlation. Such a graph is inferred from the matrix-valued neuroimaging data such as electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. There have been a good number of successful proposals for sparse precision matrix estimation under normal or matrix normal distribution; however, this family of solutions does not offer a direct statistical significance quantification for the estimated links. In this article, we adopt a matrix normal distribution framework and formulate the brain connectivity analysis as a precision matrix hypothesis testing problem. Based on the separable spatial-temporal dependence structure, we develop oracle and data-driven procedures to test both the global hypothesis that all spatial locations are conditionally independent, and simultaneous tests for identifying conditional dependent spatial locations with false discovery rate control. Our theoretical results show that the data-driven procedures perform asymptotically as well as the oracle procedures and enjoy certain optimality properties. The empirical finite-sample performance of the proposed tests is studied via intensive simulations, and the new tests are applied on a real electroencephalography data analysis.
Parotid cyst due to sialolithiasis masquerading as pilomatrixoma on FNA
Authors: Galed‐Placed I. , Teijo‐Quintáns A. , Pombo‐Otero J. , Veiga‐Barreiro A.
Published: December 2016

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an excellent tool in the investigation of salivary gland lesions and knowledge of diagnostic pitfalls in this field provides help to improve its diagnostic accuracy. This letter adds an unrelated source of diagnostic pitfall on salivary gland. A case of parotid sialolithiasis simulating pilomatrixoma on FNA is described.
Family and Consumer Sciences Graduate Research Productivity in 2015
Authors: Kabaci M. J.
Published: December 2016

Requests were sent to representatives of 147 universities and colleges with family and consumer science programs in April 2016 to collect the titles and authors of theses and dissertations completed in 2015. Representatives from 35 universities responded, reporting a total of 484 theses and dissertations. Of those, 310 were theses and 174 were dissertations. The greatest number of titles reported was in Nutrition and Dietetics for both theses and dissertations. An additional 444 master's students completed nonthesis options reported by 21 of the participating universities. The adviser's name (if provided by the school) is included with the entry for each graduate degree. Emerging topics for research included sustainability, sports nutrition, global studies, and parenting.
A Case Study Demonstrating the Use of Appreciative Inquiry in a Financial Coaching Program
Authors: Delgadillo Lucy M. , Palmer Lance , Goetz Joseph
Published: December 2016

This article presents a case study of appreciative inquiry applied to client work within the context of a solution‐focused, financial coaching program. Appreciative inquiry (AI) is a process—a generative process—wherein a client envisions, describes, and constructs a new meaning or reality through structured questions and answers, and then designs a way to get there (to their destiny). The origins, tenets, and applications of AI approach are described, followed by a case study to facilitate a client's overcoming of a specific, maladaptive money script utilizing AI. The article provides implications for financial practitioners and a foundation for future research on the effectiveness of the AI approach in financial coaching.
Family Experiences and Educational Needs of Home Foreclosure Counseling Clients
Authors: Bechard Camaya Wallace , Tobe Erica , Talbot Amanda Guinot , Ames Barbara
Published: December 2016

This research employed ecological theory to explore the experiences and educational needs of homeowners after foreclosure counseling services had ended. Qualitative in‐depth interviews were conducted with 11 adults in four counties in Michigan. The findings revealed a need for educational services that would focus on how to work effectively with mortgage lenders and to recognize the pile‐up of financial stress and strain on family relationships. Also, the findings suggested that programs should assist homeowners in setting financial goals and accessing local resources. These findings can also be utilized by professionals in the areas of personal finance, family life education, and counseling.
Two‐dimensional stress distributions in tensioned orthotropic plates weakened by blunt V‐shaped notches
Authors: Zappalorto M. , Carraro P. A.
Published: December 2016

In this work, a comprehensive analytical and numerical study on the two‐dimensional stress fields in orthotropic plates with blunt notches is carried out. Initially, a quick review of the available solutions for lateral notches is presented. Later on, using Lekhnitskii's approach, a new analytical solution is derived which explicitly accounts for the local geometry of the notch, such as the notch root radius and the notch opening angle, as well as the elastic properties of the material.

Theoretical predictions based on the new solution are compared with the results from a bulk of 2D finite element analyses carried out on tensioned plates weakened by lateral hyperbolic and blunt V‐shaped notches, showing a very satisfactory agreement.
Prevalence of chytrid parasitism among diatom populations in the lower Columbia River (2009–2013)
Authors: Maier Michelle A. , Peterson Tawnya D.
Published: December 2016

We documented temporal (2009–2013) and spatial [river kilometre (rkm) 8–rkm 196] patterns of parasitic fungal infections on diatoms in the lower Columbia River, as evidenced by the presence of sporangia attached to diatom frustules. Multiple diatom species were infected by zoosporic fungi (‘chytrids’) throughout the year, with a maximum infection prevalence (Ip) among large diatoms of 36% in spring 2011.

At a fixed site at rkm 85, up to 30–45% of the population of Asterionella formosa, the dominant spring diatom, was infected each year during the spring (2010–2013). During this time, high Ip was associated with high host density, low precipitation and low orthophosphate concentrations. Parasite load – the number of sporangia per infected diatom cell, also referred to as the mean intensity of infection, – increased with infection prevalence, but the population average never exceed two parasites per host.

Net growth rates of chytrid populations exceeded those of A. formosa host diatoms in the spring under low‐flow conditions. In spring 2013, the prevalence of infection increased from 35 to 78% and the parasite load increased from 1.5 to 2.2 along a downstream transect, suggesting that zoospores were actively infecting hosts in situ and not simply transported allochthonously.

The estimated loss of organic carbon associated with diatoms via the parasitic pathway was greatest in spring (averaging c. 10%), with a peak of c. 85 μg carbon L−1 (c. 45% of total large‐diatom carbon) lost from the diatom carbon pool to parasitism in May 2011. Parasites of microalgae may actively shape aquatic food webs within systems like the Columbia River by increasing the availability of large‐diatom carbon to higher trophic levels, thus decreasing downstream export losses to the estuary and coastal ocean.
GlobalAnts: a new database on the geography of ant traits (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Parr Catherine L. , Dunn Robert R. , Sanders Nathan J. , Weiser Michael D. , Photakis Manoli , Bishop Tom R. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Arnan Xavier , Baccaro Fabricio , Brandão Carlos R. F. , Chick Lacy , Donoso David A. , Fayle Tom M. , Gómez Crisanto , Grossman Blair , Munyai Thinandavha C. , Pacheco Renata , Retana Javier , Robinson Andrew , Sagata Katayo , Silva Rogério R. , Tista Melanie , Vasconcelos Heraldo , Yates Michelle , Gibb Heloise
Published: December 2016

In recent years the focus in ecology has shifted from species to a greater emphasis on functional traits. In tandem with this shift, a number of trait databases have been developed covering a range of taxa. Here, we introduce the GlobalAnts database.

Globally, ants are dominant, diverse and provide a range of ecosystem functions. The database represents a significant tool for ecology in that it (i) contributes to a global archive of ant traits (morphology, ecology and life history) which complements existing ant databases and (ii) promotes a trait‐based approach in ant and other insect ecology through a broad set of standardised traits.

The GlobalAnts database is unique in that it represents the largest online database of functional traits with associated georeferenced assemblage‐level data (abundance and/or occupancy) for any animal group with 9056 ant species and morphospecies records for entire local assemblages across 4416 sites.

We describe the structure of the database, types of traits included and present a summary of data coverage. The value of the database is demonstrated through an initial examination of trait distributions across subfamilies, continents and biomes.

Striking biogeographic differences in ant traits are highlighted which raise intriguing questions as to the mechanisms generating them.
Root traits of cup plant, maize and lucerne grass grown under different soil and soil moisture conditions
Authors: Schoo B. , Schroetter S. , Kage H. , Schittenhelm S.
Published: December 2016

The cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is presently discussed as a promising alternative to silage maize for biomethane production in Germany. It is assumed that the cup plant develops a profound root system, contributing decisively to the drought tolerance of this crop. This study is aimed at providing the first experimental data on root growth and water uptake of this novel biogas crop. Root morphological characteristics of the cup plant were studied at six sites differing in soil type. Root samplings were made at the time of maximum root expansion (flowering). In a 2‐year field experiment at an additional location, continuous measurements of root development and soil water acquisition during the growth cycle were taken under contrasting water supply, together with maize (Zea mays L.) and lucerne grass (mixture of Medicago sativa L. with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Phleum pratense L.) as reference crops. The cup plant attained maximum rooting depths of 80–240 cm. The root length density was comparable to that of maize, but markedly lower than that of lucerne grass. Despite the cup plant's higher potential evapotranspiration and similar water‐use efficiency, its soil water extraction ability was significantly lower than that of lucerne grass. Compared with maize and lucerne grass, the cup plant showed no outstanding ability to cope with drought stress by means of its root system. Because of its high potential evapotranspiration, the cup plant can attain biomass yields comparable to those of maize only at sites with high water supply.
Becoming a better swimmer: structural complexity enhances agility in a captive‐reared fish
Authors: Ahlbeck Bergendahl I. , Miller S. , Depasquale C. , Giralico L. , Braithwaite V. A.
Published: December 2016

To test whether swimming skills can be improved by exposure to structurally complex environments, juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were reared in either physically enriched or plain tanks for 2 months and were then screened to test their ability to swim along a channel while avoiding obstructions. The results show that even a relatively short exposure period to enrichment improves O. mykiss swimming agility.
New and historical records of the ocean sunfish Mola mola in Icelandic waters
Authors: Palsson J. , Astthorsson O. S.
Published: December 2016

The ocean sunfish Mola mola is considered to be globally distributed in both temperate and tropical waters, but there are many gaps in the knowledge of this species' distribution. A total of 31 records of M. mola from Icelandic waters, dating from 1845 to 2014, are presented and georeferenced. An increase in the number of records at the beginning of this century and particularly in 2012, is suggested to be a consequence of both an increase in ocean temperature on the Icelandic shelf and changes in large scale temperature variations in the North Atlantic Ocean.
ILLIQUIDITY IN THE STOCK AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THEIR CROSS‐MARKET DYNAMICS
Authors: Banti Chiara
Published: December 2016

In this article, I investigate the illiquidity channel linking stocks and currencies and provide evidence of important illiquidity dynamics, especially during crisis episodes. I show that the stocks of small firms more exposed to funding constraints also exhibit greater linkages with foreign exchange illiquidity. Furthermore, the currencies that are common targets of carry trades are more intertwined with stock illiquidity. Regarding potential determinants, the liquidity demand by institutional investors and liquidity provision by dealers are potential triggers of systemic illiquidity spirals. These dynamics are not exclusive to the recent financial crisis but were also present during the dot‐com bubble crisis.
Still Misused After All These Years? A Reevaluation of the Uses of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Human Development
Authors: Tudge Jonathan R. H. , Payir Ayse , Merçon‐Vargas Elisa , Cao Hongjian , Liang Yue , Li Jiayao , O'Brien Lia
Published: December 2016

A theoretical review published in 2009 revealed that scholars who stated that their research was based on Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory of human development rarely used it appropriately. To what extent has the situation changed since then? We used the same methods to identify relevant articles as had been used in the 2009 article and found 20 publications whose authors explicitly claimed that Bronfenbrenner provided the theoretical foundation for their study. Although 18 of those publications included citations to the mature (mid‐1990s) version of Bronfenbrenner's theory, only two appropriately described, tested, and evaluated the four major concepts of Bronfenbrenner's theory—proximal processes, person characteristics, context, and time. Failure either to correctly describe the theory or to critically test its central concepts poses significant problems for the future of family studies and developmental science. We discuss potential ways to improve this situation through metatheoretical, methodological, and pedagogical reflections.
An Aristotelian Theory of Family
Authors: Goodsell Todd L. , Whiting Jason B.
Published: December 2016

Our purpose is to apply Aristotelian theory to family studies. We introduce Aristotle's work through his debate with Plato over the meaning of family and its role in society. We then explain key concepts in Aristotelian theory, including virtue, practical wisdom, telos, interpretation and evaluation, agency, and human development. We propose an Aristotelian conceptualization of family as a multigenerational institution of mutual responsibility, defined in part through narrative and oriented around developing virtue and helping members reach their potential. Finally, we identify family virtues and consider implications of Aristotelianism for social research, with particular attention to how Aristotle's work provides an epistemological basis for narrative research in general and for case study research in particular.
Novel TIE‐2 inhibitor BAY‐826 displays in vivo efficacy in experimental syngeneic murine glioma models
Authors: Schneider Hannah , Szabo Emese , Machado Raquel A. C. , Broggini‐Tenzer Angela , Walter Alexander , Lobell Mario , Heldmann Dieter , Süssmeier Frank , Grünewald Sylvia , Weller Michael
Published: December 2016

Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling axis in glioblastoma inevitably leads to tumor recurrence and a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, other angiogenic pathways, like the angiopoietin/tunica interna endothelial cell kinase (TIE) signaling axis, have become additional targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we explored whether targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase TIE‐2 using a novel, highly potent, orally available small molecule TIE‐2 inhibitor (BAY‐826) improves tumor control in syngeneic mouse glioma models. BAY‐826 inhibits TIE‐2 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by suppression of Angiopoietin‐1‐ or Na3VO4‐induced TIE‐2 phosphorylation in glioma cells or extracts of lungs from BAY‐826‐treated mice. There was a trend toward prolonged survival upon single‐agent treatment in two of four models (SMA‐497 and SMA‐540) and there was a significant survival benefit in one model (SMA‐560). Co‐treatment with BAY‐826 and irradiation was ineffective in one model (SMA‐497), but provided synergistic prolongation of survival in another (SMA‐560). Decreased vessel densities and increased leukocyte infiltration were observed, but might be independent processes as the effect was also observed in single treatment modalities. These data demonstrate that TIE‐2 inhibition may improve tumor response to treatment in highly vascularized tumors such as glioblastoma.

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Mortality Leads and Lags
Authors: Milidonis Andreas , Efthymiou Maria
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Mortality risk varies geographically, especially in the Asia‐Pacific (APAC) region, where economic development is quite diverse. We present a newly collected data set on aggregate population mortality from 11 countries in APAC, which we rank based on their economic development. Using lead–lag analysis, we identify short‐term predictability in mortality risk across countries. Mortality improvements seem to appear faster in more developed than less developed countries. Such predictability is useful for longevity risk financing and in producing cross‐country mortality indices. We propose ways in which our results can benefit institutions manage their exposure in APAC mortality and longevity risk.
Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance, Independent Director Behavior, and Governance Effect
Authors: Jia Ning , Tang Xuesong
Published: December 2016

We examine the effect of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance) on the behavior of independent directors and the effectiveness of their governance role. Using a unique data set, we find a negative relation between D&O insurance and personal board meeting attendance by independent directors and a positive relation between D&O insurance and meeting attendance by authorized representatives. Content analysis of independent director opinion reports indicates that D&O insurance encourages independent directors to behave less responsibly. Insured independent directors are also more likely to be busy. Collectively, D&O insurance reduces the effectiveness of independent directors in corporate governance.
Marine reserve creation and interactions between fisheries and capture‐based aquaculture: A bio‐economic model analysis
Authors: Xuan Bui Bich , Armstrong Claire W.
Published: December 2016

The rapid growth of aquaculture affects wild fisheries in several ways. We present a bioeconomic model of the interaction between a commercial wild fishery and capture‐based aquaculture that depends on harvest of wild juveniles. We assume that aquaculture reduces the intrinsic growth rate of the wild fish stock due to wild caught juveniles used as seeds, influencing wild stock size and commercial harvest. This may increase the economic conflicts between fishers and farmers. Introducing a marine protected area is expected to reduce these conflicts. The model considers both open access and economically optimal management regimes outside the marine protected area using numerical simulation. The numerical results show that a marine protected area of a certain size may increase economic benefits of both fishers and farmers in the case of optimal management, and enhance wild catch outside the reserve when there is open access.