bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding behaviour of White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis as observed in a house courtyard at Bikaner, Rajasthan
Authors: Srivastava Meera
Published: March 2013

The White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis is found mostly in the desert-dry lowlands from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, Bahrain, and in the northern parts of India. This bulbul has a medium gray body, jet black head; subtle rounded black crest and a distinct white patch over the ear coverts, hence the name. Feet and legs are mottled dark gray/brown. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7798
Resisting Imperial Jouissance: The Transideological Line in Recent American Antiwar Poetry
Authors: Brink Dean
Published: March 2013

Abstract:

This essay critically examines various strategies taken in the most compelling contemporary American antiwar poetry written against the occupation of Iraq. It finds both limitations, as many poets have succumbed to a postmodern distance from events, and brilliance, in poets who have discerned ways of eliciting hope in the aims of such poetry. Linda Hutcheon's term transideological irony is used to show how many poets are complicit, in their irony, with rubrics of the dominant discourse such as “a nation at war.” In light of Žižek's Lacanian-Marxist formulation of jouissance, the imperial jouissance manifest in much poetry presented as thematically “antiwar” is examined in terms of both successes and shortcomings.
Dismemberment, Repetition, and Working-Through: Keeping Up in Treme
Authors: Dowler Kevin
Published: March 2013

Abstract:

Borrowing heuristically from Freud's paper on psychoanalysis, and rhetoric's “locus of the irreparable,” this essay develops an analysis of the HBO series Treme that treats the show as a project oriented toward the reconstruction of the symbolic order in the aftermath of disaster. If the show, on the one hand, invites us to take part in the collective working-through of suffering, on the other hand, like television generally, it remains lodged in the register of repetition.
A Three-Decade History of the Duration of Peer Review
Authors: Lyman R. Lee
Published: March 2013

Review time is the duration between submission of a manuscript for possible publication and the author's receipt of notification of the editor's decision. There are two key questions about the peer-review process: (1) Has average review time changed over the past several decades? and (2) Has the adoption of online submission reduced average review time? A sample of 170 manuscripts submitted to a variety of journals from 1980 through 2012 indicates (1) no statistically significant difference between average review time for manuscripts submitted to behavioural science journals (mean=14.8 weeks) and average review time for manuscripts submitted to natural history journals (mean=15.2 weeks); (2) a statistically significant decrease from 1980 to 2012 in average review time irrespective of form of submission (i.e., paper or electronic); and (3) manuscripts submitted in paper form (1980–2009) had an average review time five weeks longer than that of manuscripts submitted online or electronically (2004–2012).
Disruptive Technological History: Papermaking to Digital Printing
Authors: Hargrave Jocelyn
Published: March 2013

Disruptive technologies have been crucial to the shaping of publishing history. Paradoxically, while each of the technologies—specifically, the evolution of papermaking in Europe starting in the late thirteenth century, Gutenberg's printing press and type-casting from metal in the fifteenth century, lithographic offset printing in the twentieth century, and digital printing in the twenty-first century—has, on its own, been indeed revolutionary in nature, together they have served their role in the evolution of the publishing industry. Simply put, the present publishing industry would not be where it is without them.
Mobilizing Maurya: J.M. Synge, Bertolt Brecht, and the Revolutionary Mother
Authors: Harris Susan Cannon
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT:

Bertolt Brecht’s decision to transform J.M. Synge’s 1904 tragedy Riders to the Sea into a propaganda play about the Spanish Civil War called Señora Carrar’s Rifles (1937) has long baffled scholars, partly because Brecht’s interest in the play cannot be accounted for within an Irish studies paradigm and partly because Riders appears, to most Brecht scholars, to be the antithesis of Brecht’s vision of epic theatre. In this essay, I investigate the circumstances under which Señora Carrar’s Rifles was written and produced to show how and why Brecht came to see Riders to the Sea as a useful model in his ongoing attempt to dramatize the coming to political consciousness of the working-class mother. Considering both the pressures that were forcing Brecht back toward realism and the failure of his attempts to elicit an “epic” performance of his play The Mother from the New York-based Theatre Union in 1935, I argue that Brecht’s engagement with Riders is an attempt to learn from previous mistakes and to put into practice what the Theater Union Mother taught him about staging maternal grief. Riders was useful to Brecht because it showed him how to bring the working-class mother to her radicalizing epiphany within the context of realism and without resorting to the epic and alienating techniques used in The Mother. This reading not only leads us to question standard readings of Maurya’s famous renunciation of grief and mourning at the end of Riders to the Sea but to complicate our understanding of the emotional dynamics of Brechtian epic theatre.
Outcomes of Root Canal Treatment: 2 Years Experience in Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh Hospital
Authors: Hossen Mahbuba , Siddique Mazharul Alam , Ansary Nahid Binte
Published: March 2013

This retrospective study was done in the Department of Dentistry, CBMCB hospital from January2009 to December2010. 223 patients who underwent RCT were purposively selected. Male-female ratio was 1:1.4, mean age of patients were 28.4 years. Most common indication of RCT was gross caries 69.95%, common complications were fractured crown 11(57.89%), tenderness 5(26.32%), discharging sinus 2(10.53%). Over all success rate of RCT was 91.48%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14178 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 29-33
Study on Number of Purkinje Cell of Cerebellum in Bangladeshi Cadaver
Authors: Haque AQM Ataul , Khalil Mohsin , Sultana Seheli Zannat , Mannan Sabina , Rahman Mahbubur , Hossain Muazzem , Ara Anjuman , Begum Taslima , Choudhury Shilpi , Haque Nazia
Published: March 2013

This cross sectional descriptive study was performed by examining 30 (thirty) relatively fresh cerebellum of Bangladeshi cadaver of both sexes and samples were collected by using nonprobability sampling technique. Out of them 20 postmortem human cerebellum collected from Bangladeshi cadavers of both sexes (male 10 and female 10) age ranging from 5 to 60 years and 10 cerebellums from caesarian section of dead fetuses of both sexes (male 6 and female 4) age ranging from 34 wks to 41 wks. Specimen containing cerebellum was collected from dead bodies autopsied on different dates from April2009 to September2009 at the autopsy laboratory of department of Forensic Medicine and Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. The collected sample was grouped in to three age groups like Group A (34 to 41 weeks of gestation), Group B (5 to 30 years) and Group C (31 to 60 years) and two sex groups (male and female). 10 cerebellums were studied from each age group for this histological study. Sections were processed following standard histological procedure and were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Slides were examined under 15X40 magnification for counting the number of Purkinje cell. In this study, the mean difference of number of Purkinje cell between age Groups A&C was statistically highly significant (p<0.001) but difference between Groups A&B and B&C statistically was not significant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14181 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 39-42
Adenocarcinoma of Meibomian glands in Male- A rare case report
Authors: Siddiqi Mahmudul Hasan , Huq Mirza Hamidul , Begum Ambia , Fazilatunnesa MS
Published: March 2013

A 50 years old male presented with recurrent multinodular growth on the right upper eyelid mimicking multiple chalazion for the last two years. He was treated as chalazion two times but recurred. A full thickness wide excisional biopsy of the lesion along with normal lid tissue done. Histopathological report was Adenocarcinoma of the meibomian gland of the right upper lid. Lid reconstruction done by lid sharing procedure. Result of the treatment was excellent after follow up period of six months with good lid function and no significant complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14189 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 69-72
Enhanced Accumulation of Vitamins, Nutraceuticals and Minerals in Lettuces Associated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF): A Question of Interest for Both Vegetables and Humans
Authors: Baslam Marouane , Garmendia Idoia , Goicoechea Nieves
Published: March 2013

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is extensively grown and is the most widely used food crop for the called “Fourth Range” of vegetables. Lettuce exhibits healthy properties mainly due to the presence of antioxidant compounds (vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols) alongside significant fibre content and useful amounts of certain minerals. Lettuce can establish a mutualistic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The establishment of the symbiosis involves a continuous cellular and molecular dialogue between both symbionts, which includes the activation of antioxidant, phenylpropanoid or carotenoid metabolic pathways. The presence of AMF colonizing roots of greenhouse-grown lettuces can induce an accumulation of secondary metabolites, vitamins and minerals in leaves that overcome the dilution effect due to the increased size of mycorrhizal plants. Therefore, AMF would allow the intake of minerals and compounds with antioxidant properties to be enhanced without increasing the consumption of lettuce in the diet. In addition, increased quantities of secondary metabolites may help lettuce plants to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. Our review discusses the influence exerted by several environmental factors and agronomic practices on the ability of AMF for enhancing the levels of vitamins, nutraceuticals and minerals in leaves of green and red-leaf types of lettuces.
Golden Ratio and a Ramanujan-Type Integral
Authors: Chan Hei-Chi
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we give a pedagogical introduction to several beautiful formulas discovered by Ramanujan. Using these results, we evaluate a Ramanujan-type integral formula. The result can be expressed in terms of the Golden Ratio.
Selection of Provenances to Adapt Tropical Pine Forestry to Climate Change on the Basis of Climate Analogs
Authors: Leibing Christoph , Signer Johannes , Van Zonneveld Maarten , Jarvis Andrew , Dvorak William
Published: March 2013

Pinus patula and Pinus tecunumanii play an important role in the forestry sector in the tropics and subtropics and, in recent decades, members of the International Tree Breeding and Conservation Program (Camcore) at North Carolina State University have established large, multi-site provenance trials for these pine species. The data collected in these trials provide valuable information about species and provenance choice for plantation establishment in many regions with different climates. Since climate is changing rapidly, it may become increasingly difficult to choose the right species and provenance to plant. In this study, growth performance of plantings in Colombia, Brazil and South Africa was correlated to the degree of climatic dissimilarity between planting sites. Results are used to assess the suitability of seed material under a changing climate for four P. patula provenances and six P. tecunumanii provenances. For each provenance, climate dissimilarities based on standardized Euclidean distances were calculated and statistically related to growth performances. We evaluated the two methods of quantifying climate dissimilarity with extensive field data based on the goodness of fit and statistical significance of the climate distance relation to differences in height growth. The best method was then used as a predictor of a provenance change in height growth. The provenance-specific models were used to predict provenance performance under different climate change scenarios. The developed provenance-specific models were able to significantly relate climate similarity to different growth performances for five out of six P. tecunumanii provenances. For P. patula provenances, we did not find any correlation. Results point towards the importance of the identification of sites with stable climates where high yields are achievable. In such sites, fast-growing P. tecunumanii provenances with a high but narrow growth optimum can be planted. At sites with climate change of uncertain direction and magnitude, the choice of P. patula provenances, with greater tolerance towards different temperature and precipitation regimes, is recommended. Our results indicate that the analysis of provenance trial data with climate similarity models helps us to (1) maintain plantation productivity in a rapidly changing environment; and (2) improve our understanding of tree species’ adaptation to a changing climate.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Is a Candidate Signaling Molecule in the Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Retrograde Response Pathway
Authors: Zhang Feng , Pracheil Tammy , Thornton Janet , Liu Zhengchang
Published: March 2013

Intracellular communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus is achieved via the retrograde response. In budding yeast, the retrograde response, also known as the RTG pathway, is regulated positively by Rtg1, Rtg2, Rtg3 and Grr1 and negatively by Mks1, Lst8 and two 14-3-3 proteins, Bmh1/2. Activation of retrograde signaling leads to activation of Rtg1/3, two basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors. Rtg1/3 activation requires Rtg2, a cytoplasmic protein with an N-terminal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding domain belonging to the actin/Hsp70/sugar kinase superfamily. The critical regulatory step of the retrograde response is the interaction between Rtg2 and Mks1. Rtg2 binds to and inactivates Mks1, allowing for activation of Rtg1/3 and the RTG pathway. When the pathway is inactive, Mks1 has dissociated from Rtg2 and bound to Bmh1/2, preventing activation of Rtg1/3. What signals association or disassociation of Mks1 and Rtg2 is unknown. Here, we show that ATP at physiological concentrations dissociates Mks1 from Rtg2 in a highly cooperative fashion. We report that ATP-mediated dissociation of Mks1 from Rtg2 is conserved in two other fungal species, K. lactis and K. waltii. Activation of Rtg1/3 upregulates expression of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing the first three reactions of the Krebs cycle, which is coupled to ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, we propose that the retrograde response is an ATP homeostasis pathway coupling ATP production with ATP-mediated repression of the retrograde response by releasing Mks1 from Rtg2.
Molecular Mechanisms of UV-Induced Apoptosis and Its Effects on Skin Residential Cells: The Implication in UV-Based Phototherapy
Authors: Lee Chih-Hung , Wu Shi-Bei , Hong Chien-Hui , Yu Hsin-Su , Wei Yau-Huei
Published: March 2013

The human skin is an integral system that acts as a physical and immunological barrier to outside pathogens, toxicants, and harmful irradiations. Environmental ultraviolet rays (UV) from the sun might potentially play a more active role in regulating several important biological responses in the context of global warming. UV rays first encounter the uppermost epidermal keratinocytes causing apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes include direct DNA damage (intrinsic), clustering of death receptors on the cell surface (extrinsic), and generation of ROS. When apoptotic keratinocytes are processed by adjacent immature Langerhans cells (LCs), the inappropriately activated Langerhans cells could result in immunosuppression. Furthermore, UV can deplete LCs in the epidermis and impair their migratory capacity, leading to their accumulation in the dermis. Intriguingly, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) activation of LCs by UV can induce the pro-survival and anti-apoptotic signals due to the upregulation of Bcl-xL, leading to the generation of regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, a physiological dosage of UV can also enhance melanocyte survival and melanogenesis. Analogous to its effect in keratinocytes, a therapeutic dosage of UV can induce cell cycle arrest, activate antioxidant and DNA repair enzymes, and induce apoptosis through translocation of the Bcl-2 family proteins in melanocytes to ensure genomic integrity and survival of melanocytes. Furthermore, UV can elicit the synthesis of vitamin D, an important molecule in calcium homeostasis of various types of skin cells contributing to DNA repair and immunomodulation. Taken together, the above-mentioned effects of UV on apoptosis and its related biological effects such as proliferation inhibition, melanin synthesis, and immunomodulations on skin residential cells have provided an integrated biochemical and molecular biological basis for phototherapy that has been widely used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-(2-Aminoheterocycle)-4-benzyloxyphenylbenzamide Derivatives as BACE-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Shangguan Shihao , Wang Fei , Liao Yong , Yu Haiping , Li Jia , Huang Wenhai , Hu Haihong , Yu Lushan , Hu Yongzhou , Sheng Rong
Published: March 2013

Three series of 3-(2-aminoheterocycle)-4-benzyloxyphenylbenzamide derivatives, 2-aminooxazoles, 2-aminothiazoles, and 2-amino-6H-1,3,4-thiadizines were designed, synthesized and evaluated as β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors. Preliminary structure-activity relationships revealed that the existence of a 2-amino-6H-1,3,4-thiadizine moiety and α-naphthyl group were favorable for BACE-1 inhibition. Among the synthesized compounds, 5e exhibited the most potent BACE-1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 9.9 μΜ and it exhibited high brain uptake potential in Madin-Darby anine kidney cell lines (MDCK) and a Madin-Darby canine kidney-multidrug resistance 1 (MDCK-MDR1) model.
The Triple Bottom Line and Progress toward Ecological Sustainable Development: Australia’s Coal Mining Industry as a Case Study
Authors: Lederwasch Aleta , Mukheibir Pierre
Published: March 2013

A common goal shared by the world is to achieve well-being for the planet—for this generation and generations to come. The world formalized this common goal when it accepted the concept of ecological sustainable development (ESD) at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, and through the adoption of the United Nation’s Agenda 21. This paper explores the capacity of New South Wales’ planning system to deliver on this shared goal. It does this through an evaluation of the triple bottom line (TBL), as an impact assessment framework, in the context of coal mine development proposals. The evaluation is performed against ESD principles, and draws from the experience of the authors in reviewing a recent coalmine expansion application in New South Wales, Australia. During this review the authors encountered opportunities to improve the impact assessment process. The opportunities identified relate to the process of robust and consistent drawing of impact boundaries and selection of scales (geographic and temporal), in which to conduct an impact assessment. The findings are significant, as they offer a path toward greater discussion around, and realization of, opportunities for achieving development in each TBL domain, i.e., social, environmental and economic.
Complete σ* intramolecular aromatic hydroxylation mechanism through O2 activation by a Schiff base macrocyclic dicopper(I) complex
Authors: Poater Albert , Solà Miquel
Published: March 2013

In this work we analyze the whole molecular mechanism for intramolecular aromatic hydroxylation through O2 activation by a Schiff hexaazamacrocyclic dicopper(I) complex, [CuI2(bsH2m)]2+. Assisted by DFT calculations, we unravel the reaction pathway for the overall intramolecular aromatic hydroxylation, i.e., from the initial O2 reaction with the dicopper(I) species to first form a CuICuII-superoxo species, the subsequent reaction with the second CuI center to form a μ-η2:η2-peroxo-CuII2 intermediate, the concerted peroxide O–O bond cleavage and C–O bond formation, followed finally by a proton transfer to an alpha aromatic carbon that immediately yields the product [CuII2(bsH2m-O)(μ-OH)]2+.
Recalcitrant Neovascular Macular Degeneration After Anti-VEGF Therapy: An Ongoing Challenge
Authors: Puliafito Carmen A.
Published: March 2013

This editorial describes the challenge of managing eyes that demonstrate signs of persistent exudation after anti-VEGF treatment and illuminates the significance of a new report of using high-dose ranibizumab in treating recalcitrant neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Combined 25-Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy and Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation With Posterior Capsulotomy
Authors: Kunikata Hiroshi , Aizawa Naoko , Meguro Yasuhiko , Abe Toshiaki , Nakazawa Toru
Published: March 2013

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the efficacy of combined 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) and toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with posterior capsulotomy.

METHODS:

Noncomparative, interventional case series performed at a single center. Twelve patients with vitreoretinal disease and cataracts, with preexisting regular corneal astigmatism greater than 1 diopter, underwent 25-gauge MIVS and toric IOL implantation with posterior capsulotomy.

RESULTS:

The toric IOL was successfully implanted in each case. At 6 months postoperatively, mean axis rotation was 5.7° ± 3.1°. At 1 month postoperatively, mean uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity improved; the improvement was maintained after 6 months. The absolute residual refractive cylinder was significantly lower postoperatively than the pre-existing regular corneal cylinder (
P
= .003). There were no surgical complications except temporary posterior iris synechiae in one case.

CONCLUSIONS:

Combined 25-gauge MIVS and toric IOL implantation with posterior capsulotomy is a practical and safe method to treat vitreoretinal disease and cataracts with pre-existing corneal astigmatism.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:145–154]
Assessment of Frame-Averaging Algorithms in OCT Image Analysis
Authors: Wu Wei , Tan Ou , Pappuru Rajeev R. , Duan Huilong , Huang David
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate frame registration and averaging algorithms for optical coherence tomography.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Twenty normal and 20 glaucomatous eyes were imaged. Objective differences were measured by comparing noise variance, spread of edge, and contrast-to-noise ratio. Subjective image quality was also evaluated.

RESULTS:

Two frame-averaging algorithms (FA400 and FA407) had better noise variance and contrast-to-noise ratio but worse spread of edge than did single frames (
P
< .01). Both algorithms provided better subjective assessments of structure boundaries than did single images (
P
< .001). FA407 had significantly lower spread of edge and better internal limiting membrane visualization than FA400.

CONCLUSION:

Frame averaging significantly suppressed speckle noise and increased the visibility of retinal structures, but imperfect image registration caused edge blurring that could be detected by the spread of edge parameter. In frame-averaging algorithms, higher contrast-to-noise ratio and lower noise variance indicated better noise suppression, but spread of edge was most sensitive in comparing edge preservation between algorithms.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:168–175]
A possible solution for corruption in South Africa with the church as initiator: A practical theological approach
Authors: Du Plessis Amanda L. , Breed Gert
Published: March 2013

According to Transparency International, Africa is the most corrupt region in the world. In South Africa, there is an annual ’loss’ of about R30 billion as a result of bribery and corruption. It would appear that it is exactly the poor and the vulnerable who suffer most under the scourge of corruption. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of corruption on victim(s) and to evaluate it in an effort to formulate solutions as to how such individuals can be guided and supported in the suffering and hardship that they endure and that specifically emanate from corruption. In the research, an effort was made to move away from the trend of the fragmenting of aid and to present guidelines or suggestions that can lead to a global solution, where multi-disciplinary involvement can be facilitated. The researchers agree that the church can play a key role in this, and the solution was sought in the principles expounded in 1 Corinthians 12. The research method known as action research was investigated as a workable method to be used by the multi-disciplinary aid team in their struggle against corruption. In the final instance, the principles used by Touching Africa in their work were investigated so that these could also be used in the quest for a solution.
Diet‐tissue fractionation of δ15N by consumers from streams and rivers
Authors: Bunn Stuart E. , Leigh Catherine , Jardine Timothy D.
Published: March 2013

Variation in the diet‐tissue fractionation of stable nitrogen isotopes (Δ15N) is a major source of uncertainty in mixing model outputs and the calculation of trophic level in food web studies in aquatic systems. Using δ15N and δ13C of algae and consumers collected from a broad range of streams and rivers in Australia and New Guinea, we calculated Δ15N using a gradient approach, and compared these estimates with those from the literature. Riverine invertebrates and fishes from this region have δ15N diet‐tissue fractionation at the low end of the range of values reported for literature summaries, but different trophic groups had different Δ15N estimates. Source‐consumer regressions based on δ13C had lower slope estimates and lower R2 values compared with those based on δ15N. This implies that although consumers on average obtain a portion of their organic carbon from higher plants, they derive most of their organic nitrogen from N‐rich algae. Use of appropriate Δ15N for riverine consumers will lead to more satisfactory results with isotope mixing models, and the uncertainty associated with Δ15N estimates can be incorporated in the latest iterations of these models that are probabilistic rather than deterministic.
The 20 February 2010 Madeira Island flash-floods: VHR satellite imagery processing in support of landslide inventory and sediment budget assessment
Authors: Lira C. , Lousada M. , Falcão A. P. , Gonçalves A. B. , Heleno S. , Matias M. , Pereira M. J. , Pina P. , Sousa A. J. , Oliveira R. , Almeida A. B.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. On 20 February 2010, an extreme rainfall episode occurred on Madeira Island, which caused an exceptionally strong flash flood and several soil slip-debris flows, producing 45 confirmed deaths and 6 persons declared missing, as well as extensive material damages. In order to understand and quantify the importance of landsliding in routing sediment through mountainous drainage, such as Madeira Island's landscape, it was essential to perform extensive landslide analysis. This study describes the methodology used to semi-automatically detect the landslides, produce the landslide inventory maps and estimate the sediment volume produced during this particular event which ranged from 217 000 m3 to 344 000 m3 and 605 000 m3 to 984 000 m3 for the Funchal and Ribeira Brava basins, respectively. These results contributed to the design and implementation of measures to prevent damages caused by landslides in Madeira Island.
Money, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria
Authors: Omisore Bernard Oladosu
Published: March 2013

Politics cannot be effectively played or carried out without money. Even in those ancient days when politics started, some form of money was involved. At least, money or forms of it, was used in moving from one place to the other. In fact, people involved in moving from place to place playing politics, spent money to buy food in places outside their places of abode. Again, money breeds corruption. The result of corruption is always money or money’s worth. There is no corruption anywhere in the world without some benefit to someone. And this benefit can usually be quantified in monetary terms. Thus, money, politics and corruption can be said to be bed fellows. They are somehow interrelated. This relationship is quite apparent in Nigeria where corruption is said to have eaten deep into the fabric of the society. The questions that may be asked, are: Has Nigeria always been involved in corruption? What role does money play if any, in politics and corruption in Nigeria? How influential is corruption in Nigeria’s politics? Is it possible for politics to be played in Nigeria devoid of money and corruption? These and other questions are the things that this paper attempts to find answers to. It traces the origin of corruption in Nigeria’s political life. It concludes on the premise that politics can be played with less involvement of money and corruption.
The Church and Political Transition in Zimbabwe: The Inclusive Government Context
Authors: Mhandara Lawrence , Manyeruke Charity , Hofisi Sharon
Published: March 2013

This article explores the role of the church in Zimbabwe’s political space with emphasis on the transitional epoch set in motion with the consummation of the Inclusive Government after the signing of the Global Political Agreement on 15 September 2008. Being exploratory in approach, the study preferred a qualitative research design were secondary sources were the major source of data. Departing from the view point that the church and the state are complementary in satisfying human needs, the research established that the church is replete with political activists who are partaking in key political processes envisaged under the transitional phase and the enormity of their participation vary depending on the national issue at hand. More clearly, the church’s association with the political parties in the government has been mostly that of a horse-rider relationship where politicians use the church to score cheap political points.
The Business Vocabulary of the Field of Human Services – Current Transformations
Authors: Benavides Abraham David
Published: March 2013

This article examines how business language has been incorporated in health service organizations. The purpose of this article is not to debate the virtues and drawbacks of NPM but rather, to emphasize the role of language and communication as critical components for public administration in its day-to-day contact with the business sector. It draws upon a self-administered survey to reach the conclusion that business language is being used in health and human service organizations. By the same token this study shows that instituting these actions have been consistent with government language and have not endangered traditional democratic values.
Breast cancer and possible mechanisms of therapy resistance
Authors: Florea Ana-Maria , Büsselberg Dietrich
Published: March 2013

Breast cancer represents one of the most common cancers in women and is a major life threatening illness found all over the world. Therapy approaches include irradiation and surgery, with chemotherapy considered an important strategy to treat breast cancer. Platinum based anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin (cis-di-amino-dichloride-platin, CDDP), carboplatin, orthoplatin, etc., have been successfully used in breast cancer therapy because they activate multiple mechanisms to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Nevertheless, during chemotherapy, drug resistance frequently develops; this impairs the successful treatment of breast cancer and often leads to patients' decease. While combinations of anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy regimens reduced the occurrence of drug resistance (e.g. doxorubicin+docetaxel, doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide, docetaxel+herceptin+carboplatin) the molecular mechanism of those effects are not completely understood. Here we review possible mechanisms related to breast cancer treatment and resistance to current therapies as well as possible new therapeutic targets (e.g. calcium signaling) which could be used in the future.
Is There a Need for Men's Health Training for Family Physicians in Canada?
Authors: Muller Andries , Ramsden Vivian R. , White Gill
Published: March 2013

Objective. The goal of this study was to explore which topics were rendered important to incorporate into a men's health curriculum for family medicine resident training. Design. A mixed-methodology was used. A case study method with a sequential transformative strategy was utilized. A quantitative survey was sent to the 17 program directors of Canadian family medicine training programs. This was followed by a qualitative phase with interviews of selected program directors and two focus groups with practicing family physicians from a rural and an urban clinic. Main Findings. Certain issues were identified for incorporation into a men's health curriculum for family medicine resident training. These issues were grouped in three groups: male sexual and reproductive health, general topics, and procedures specific to men's health. Conclusion. It appears that there is no formal curriculum to address any of these issues in any of the current family medicine training programs in Canada. Based on the information gathered from participants in this study, there is a great need for such a curriculum to exist.
ENSINO MÉDIO E EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NO TEMPO PRESENTE: PARA ALÉM DA DUALIDADE ESCOLAR
Authors: Sabia Claudia Pereira de Pádua , Militão Silvio Cesar Nunes
Published: March 2013

The survey was conducted by standard procedures for survey and analysis of literature and documents, and aimed to analyze the main changes experienced by high school and vocational education under the approval of the legal order in force: the 1988 Federal Constitution, Law of Directives and Bases of National Education -Law no. 9.394/96 and Decree no. 2.208/97, repealed by Decree no. 5.154/04. Part of a brief historical overview of the emergence and organization of schooling and such, following examines the main changes experienced by high school and vocational education brought about by the current set of laws, according to the guidelines of reform and rationalization of the state, from the hegemonic years 1990. The survey resultsindicate that, to date, we have not yet overcome the historical duality that has prevailed in the final stage of basic education. Concludes that the "Innovative School" may be a viable way to integrate high school and vocational education
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA COMUNICAÇÃO ATLETA-TREINADOR E O PAPEL DO PSICÓLOGO DO ESPORTE
Authors: Netto Lorena Madeiral , Ravelli Rebecca , Biceglia Ilza Ligia
Published: March 2013

This article presents the work about the development of an intervention proposal for supervised internship in Sports Psychology in the last year of undergraduate psychology. The objective of work is to investigate and intervene on the processes of interpersonal communication between athletes and between athletes and coaches, for the psychologists phenomenon of the dynamics of the sport in question and that can interfere with psychological condition of athletes and thus results in performance and their mental health. Throughdiscussionofapracticecoupledwiththeory, the work illustrates theassessmentand interventioninthreeathletesseekingthe bestperformancefromcomplaintsofindiscipline, disinterestand lackofhardinpracticeappointedby thecoach.
ARQUITETURA PRODUZIDA EM PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE: FORMAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CIDADE ATÉ A DÉCADA DE 1960
Authors: Feltrin Marques Cristiana A. Pasquini
Published: March 2013

This version intends to broach the historical data for training and organization of the city, as well as presenting the city -the context object of this research. Proposes the identification of the architectural language of the city in theformative years, as well as the trajectory of the production in developmental period. From the discussions proposed by the graphics, the article has these objectives: The first moment make a survey the city, understanding the process of urban transformation until the 1960s, then intended to know the production architectural inserted in that period. The method is build with analysis applicants and scientific research simple and objective. Will it develop, in principle, using data on urban development and city development
TRABALHO E CIDADANIA: O PAPEL DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO NO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Silva Rafael Egidio Leal e , Souza Regiane Cristina de
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the conceptof "Regulated citizenship" andrelationswith theimplementationofurban and freelaborin Brazil, fromthegovernment ofGetulioVargasinthe 1930s, and howitcontributedto formthe Developmental State thatfromthe50's,began topromotethe capitalismandevenformtheBrazilianworker. We mustunderstandthatslaveryhas leftdeep scarson theformation of Brazilian society: theworkwasguidedfromitsrural origins, based on thehierarchyofmaster andslave, citizenshipandwho was alsoregarded asthe hierarchical formthatthe personfitsinto society. Todiscusstheconceptanddirectionofworkin Brazil,we must understand thesocial historyof theworkerandtheconceptof workthatbuiltoursociability
Survey of Current Practices: Peripheral Nerve Block Utilization by ED Physicians for Treatment of Pain in the Hip Fracture Patient Population
Authors: Haslam Lynn , Lansdown Andrew , Lee Jacques , Van der Vyver Martin
Published: March 2013

BackgroundIn 2010-11 approximately 968 hip fracture patients presented to emergency departments in the Greater Toronto Local Health Integration Network (GTA-LHIN). Optimal pain management is a frequently overlooked aspect of hip fracture patient care, which may contribute to patient outcomes. Although recommendations have been published, there is currently not a standardized approach to the analgesic management of pain in the hip fracture patient. Nerve blocks, including the fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB), are more effective than traditional opioid analgesics in reducing pain after hip fracture. Research suggests that analgesia via nerve blockade is best initiated early, upon arrival to the emergency department. Emergency physicians are trained in ultrasound, and do utilize regional anaesthesia; however, the frequency of block utilization and techniques used for block insertion are unknown. We sought to undertake the first survey of Emergency Department (ED) staff and resident physicians across the GTA-LHIN, looking at the current ED practice of nerve block analgesia in hip fracture patients.PurposeThe primary aim was to determine the prevalence and range of techniques utilized. The secondary aims were to determine the extent of training in nerve block insertion techniques, to gauge opinion on the most important objectives for future training courses, and to seek an understanding of the barriers to establishing a standardized approach for nerve block utilization in hip fracture patients.ConclusionsThis data will be used to develop a multidisciplinary training program specifically for use by ED physicians. ED physicians and anesthesiologists will collaborate to standardize nerve block insertion techniques and develop an optimal analgesic management plan of hip fracture patients at Sunnybrook Hospital.
The Health of Geriatrics in Canada —More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Madden Ken M. , Wong Roger Y.
Published: March 2013

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SEDIMENTÁRNĚ-GEOLOGICKÉ STUDIUM VYBRANÝCH KVARTÉRNÍCH SEDIMENTŮ V OKOLÍ BRNĚNSKÉ PŘEHRADY
Authors: Mikulík Marek , Nehyba Slavomír , Hubatka František
Published: March 2013

Outcrops of Quaternary deposits are lining banks of the Brno dam. One of them is situated on the left bank ~ 250 m NW of the Osada pier. The sedimentary profile of Pleistocene deposits is composed of fluvial deposits of the Paleo – Svratka River covered by colluvial and eolian (loess) deposits. Alternation of various facies and various grain-size fractions reveals alternation of more or less arid conditions and also evolution of the surrounding landscape.
PODMÍNKY TRANSPORTU A AKUMULACE SEDIMENTŮ V ČLOVĚKEM OVLIVNĚNÝCH KORYTECH BESKYDSKÝCH TOKŮ: PŘÍKLADOVÁ STUDIE SOUTOKU ŘEKY MORÁVKY A MOHELNICE
Authors: Škarpich Václav , Galia Tomáš , Hradecký Jan
Published: March 2013

This paper summarizes results of grain-size distribution of gravel bars and transport conditions in the context of sediment sources in the confl uence area of the Morávka and Mohelnice rivers (Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts). We deal with a hypothesis that general changes of grain-size distribution of gravel bars are controlled by disconnection in sediment flux in the Morávka River and, by contrast, that higher sediment delivery is related to the Mohelnice river basin. The second focus is the evaluation of fluvial transport parameters of a channel influenced by control works and sediment mining. Bed load transport research was conducted with the application of BAGS (Bedload Assessment for Gravel-bed Streams) spreadsheet-based program. Sediment analysis of the channel confluence showed limited sediment supply character indicated by coarser sediment delivery from the Morávka River. This fact is related to the effect of hungry water caused mainly by the Morávka Reservoir. On the other hand, the Mohelnice River displayed trends of relatively higher sediment delivery without potential disconnectivities in sediment flux. Results of this analysis brought an insight into a potential scheme of the future development of the studied reaches. We suppose preservation of recent trends in case of the occurrence of signifi cant changes in land use or watershed management.
GEOFYZIKÁLNÍ MAPOVÁNÍ KRASOVÝCH STRUKTUR METODOU MULTIELEKTRODOVÉHO ODPOROVÉHO PROFILOVÁNÍ: JESKYNĚ ZA HÁJOVNOU, JAVOŘÍČSKÝ KRAS
Authors: Bábek Ondřej , Vodehnal Ondřej , Faměra Martin , Tomica Aleš
Published: March 2013

This paper investigates the scope and applicability of multielectrode resistivity surveying in the study of buried karst structures. Six resistivity sections, 62 to 117 m long, were measured above the well-documented cave system “Za hájovnou” in the Javoříčko Karst, Bohemian Massif. Three domains of distinct resistivity values (27.6 to ~210 Ω.m; ~210 to ~1 300 Ω.m; ~1 300 to 26 112 Ω.m) were interpreted as clays and silts, carbonate-rich karstified zones, and massive carbonate, respectively. Most of the geophysically documented karstification manifests itself in planar zones of karstified carbonate, partly filled with fine-grained siliciclastics, which coincide with several cave corridors in plan view. Orientation of the karstified zones corresponds to the NNE–SSW trending axial plane cleavage and ESE–WNW trending fractures and faults in the underlying rocks. The resistivity surveying proves to be an excellent method for mapping of shallow cave structures.
NOVÉ FYTOPALEONTOLOGICKÉ NÁLEZY V PERMU BOSKOVICKÉ PÁNVE U VEVERSKÉ BÍTÝŠKY
Authors: Šimůnek Zbyněk , Gilíková Helena , Hrdličková Kristýna
Published: March 2013

During the geological mapping in the Boskovice Basin, two new palaeobotanical localities in Veverské Knínice and a locality in Veverská Bítýška have been found. The most abundant flora comes from the Veverské Knínice localities. Conifers dominate in the floral assemblage. Pteridosperms are also relatively common, whereas ferns and sphenopsids are rare. These localities are assignable to the Padochov Formation, Říčany Horizon of the Permian (Rotliegend, Asselian) age. The subsequent Veverská Bítýška Formation belongs still to the Asselian. This formation contains Chudčice Horizon that yields very poor conifer flora at the Veverská Bítýška locality. Permian system is a period of progressing aridity in Moravia. Only fossiliferous horizons represent spans with higher humidity that enabled plants to live. However, the climate was not so humid, but it was rather seasonal, because pure hygrophyte plants lack in the assemblage, on the other hand, “xerophyte” plants, like conifers, dominate here.
UHLONOSNOST SPODNÍCH HRUŠOVSKÝCH VRSTEV (NAMUR) V ČESKÉ ČÁSTI HORNOSLEZSKÉ PÁNVE
Authors: Vebr Lukáš , Jirásek Jakub , Hýlová Lada , Sivek Martin
Published: March 2013

Maps of the coal-bearing capacity, number and total thickness of coal seams of the Lower Hrušov Member (Namurian, Mississippian) were made. They are based on exploratory boreholes´ information from the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin. Absolute coal-bearing capacity varies from 0.71 % to 6.62 %. Number of coal seams thicker than 0.1 m varies from 3 to 43 and their total thickness from 1.17 m to 14.40 m. All mentioned parameters reach their maximum in NNE–SSW trending zone west of the Orlová Structure. This situation supports the hypothesis, that preserved part of the Lower Hrušov Member could form the subsidence axis of the basin and its eastern part whereas the western part is not preserved due to post-Carboniferous erosion.
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE NEW FINDINGS OF MISSISSIPPIAN TRILOBITES IN THE BŘEZINA FORMATION (MORAVIAN KARST, CZECH REPUBLIC)
Authors: Weiner Tomáš , Brauckmann Carsten , Poukarová Hedvika , Rak Štěpán , Kalvoda Jiří
Published: March 2013

New fossiliferous layers of the Březina Formation were discovered in the valley of the Říčka Brook SSW of the village of Ochoz u Brna in 2011. Four taxa of trilobites were preliminary determined: Archegonus (Phillibole) cf. polleni (Woodward, 1894), Archegonus (Phillibole) cf. cauliquercus Brauckmann 1981, Liobole (Liobole) glabra proxima Chlupáč, 1966 and ?Spinibole sp. The newly discovered fossiliferous beds belong to the Viséan (Lower to ?Upper Viséan, approximately cu IIγ–cu IIδ). The occurrence of limestone pebbles and limestone cobbles in aleuropelitic shales was also recorded. The Late Tournaisian foraminifer Darjella monilis Malakhova, 1964 was discovered in a dark grey limestone cobble derived from the Hády-Říčka limestone sequence of the Líšeň Formation.
GRANÁTICKÉ PÁSKOVANÉ ANOROGENNÍ GRANITY A PEGMATITY SUITY HLÍNA V BRUNOVISTULIKU – TEXTURY A PLOŠNÉ ROZŠÍŘENÍ
Authors: Hönig Sven , Leichmann Jaromír , Novosád Tomáš
Published: March 2013

The SW part of the Brno Batholith as well as NE part of the Thaya batholith have undergone recent mapping focused on layered granite dykes belong to the Hlína A-type granite suite. Dykes cropping out throughout the both other granitic suites in the region (Réna I-type and Tetčice S-type) widespread more than 60 km in N–S direction. Structures of the Hlína granites are easily distinguishable by their layering parallel to the contact, alternating of major aplite-like zones and minor pegmatite-like zones with oriented UST comb-like Qtz, Pland Kfs. The lamination of the rock is pronounced by parallel stripe-like arrangement of the garnet. The purpose of text below is highlighted the volumetrically scarce but genetically very important part of the Brunovistulian unit.
ZVÝŠENÁ SEISMICKÁ AKTIVITA V EPICENTRÁLNÍ OBLASTI LAŠŤANY (STŘEDNÍ MORAVA)
Authors: Havíř Josef , Pazdírková Jana , Sýkorová Zdeňka
Published: March 2013

Weak natural seismic activity is known from the NE part of the Bohemian Massif. More than 2 200 tectonic events were recorded in this region on the basis of records of seismic stations operated by Institute of Physics of the Earth (IPE) during period 1996–2011. Since 2008 a relatively signifi cant seismic activity has been observed in epicentral area Lašťany situated SE of Šternberk. In this area, 221 tectonic events were observed during period September 2008 – December 2011. Local magnitude of strongest event reached value 2.