bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Circular Tunnel Lining in Fractional Derivative Viscoelastic Radially Inhomogeneous Soil
Authors: Zhang Zongling , Li Ru , Yan Qifang , Liu Linchao
Published: March 2022

Considering the heterogeneous and viscoelastic characteristics of the soil around the tunnel, the dynamic characteristics of circular tunnel lining in fractional derivative viscoelastic radially inhomogeneous soil are studied. To accurately describe the viscoelasticity of the soil around the circular tunnel, the fractional derivative viscoelastic model is used to describe the stress‐strain relationship of the soil. To consider the heterogeneous characteristics of the soil around the circular tunnel caused by construction and in situ stress, the soil around the tunnel lining is divided into undisturbed area and disturbed area, and the disturbed area is divided into multiple thin concentric rings. A dynamic interaction model of fractional derivative viscoelastic radially inhomogeneous soil‐circular tunnel lining is established. By solving the vibration of the soil in undisturbed area and each circle and considering the continuity conditions of the radial displacement and radial stress of the soil at the junction of each circle, the transfer matrix of the radial displacement and radial stress of the soil at the outer and inner boundaries of disturbed area is obtained. Based on the transfer matrix of the radial displacement and radial stress of soil in the disturbed area and considering the boundary conditions and continuity conditions of the problem, the solution of the dynamic response of circular tunnel lining in fractional derivative viscoelastic radially inhomogeneous soil is obtained in the frequency domain. The results show that the fractional derivative viscoelastic inhomogeneous soil‐circular tunnel lining system also has resonance under the action of simple harmonic internal pressure, and the curves of the radial displacement and radial stress of soil varying with frequency obtained by the fractional derivative viscoelastic model fluctuate greatly. When studying the dynamic response of circular tunnel lining in inhomogeneous soil, the influence of viscoelasticity of the soil around the tunnel should not be ignored. The shear modulus ratio of soil in the affected area around the tunnel has a great influence on the dynamic characteristics of circular tunnel lining in fractional derivative viscoelastic radial inhomogeneous soil, and the inhomogeneous characteristics of soil should not be ignored. The greater the thickness and shear modulus of the tunnel lining, the greater the stiffness of tunnel lining and the smaller the radial stress and radial displacement of the soil.
Machine Learning‐Based Model in Predicting the Plate‐End Debonding of FRP‐Strengthened RC Beams in Flexure
Authors: Hu Tianyu , Li Guibing
Published: March 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are structurally complex and prone to plate‐end (PE) debonding. In this study, considering the extremely complicated nonlinear relationship between the PE debonding and the parameters, machine learning algorithms, namely, linear regression, ridge regression, decision tree, random forest, and neural network improved by sparrow search algorithm, are established to predict the PE debonding of RC beams strengthened with FRP. The results of reliability evaluation and parameter analysis reveal that ACI, CNR, fib‐1, fib‐2, and TR55‐2 are a little conservative; AS and TR55‐1 have the problem of overestimating the shear force; the accuracy and robustness of the SSA‐BP model developed in this paper are good; the stirrup reinforcement has the greatest effect on PE debonding; and each parameter shows a complex nonlinear relationship with the shear force when PE debonding occurs.
Coordinated Control of New Energy Environment and Mixed Vehicle Flow Speed Based on Sensor Network
Authors: Dou Huili , Wang Yaming , Zhou Jian , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: March 2022

At present, China has accelerated the process of urban development that has led to a significant increase in the number of urban cars. The construction of basic transportation facilities has been unable to meet people’s basic needs, and serious vehicle congestion has occurred on urban roads and expressways. Moreover, with the rapid increase of vehicles and the rapid development of industry, the harmful gases emitted pose a direct threat to the ecological environment. There is a dire need to vigorously promote the development of new energy vehicles based on this environment. All together, the miniaturization of sensor network, low power consumption, and low investment cost have become the preferred equipment for intelligent collection of traffic data. This article utilizes the sensor networks to study the speed coordination control of hybrid vehicle flow. It deploys the sensor nodes in roadside parking positions and driving sections of expressway. It also collects and fuses the data passing through sensor network nodes. Various algorithms in hybrid vehicle flow rate algorithm based on sensor networks are combined with the established speed flow relationship model of mixed vehicle flow. The actual highway road traffic situation is analyzed that can be used as an important basis to realize the coordinated control of mixed vehicle flow speed. The research shows that the average speed of expressway calculated based on quadratic parabola model is 83.72 km/h that has a deviation of 0.6% compared with the actual situation.
Fracture Development and Multifield Coupling Evolution Law of Soft Overburden Rock in a Medium-Thick Coal Seam Mine
Authors: Cai Junjie , Li Xijian , Guo Longxing , Xue Haiteng , Xu Bize
Published: March 2022

To study the fracture development and multifield coupling evolution law of soft overburden rock for medium-thick coal seam mining, taking the first 50105 working face of the Faer coal mine as the research background, a numerical simulation, a fractal theoretical analysis, and network parallel electric method experiments were conducted; the fracture development and coupled stress field and energy field evolution law of soft overburden rock for medium-thick coal seam mining are analyzed. The results showed that the overburden collapse process could be divided into three stages: pseudo-top collapse to key layer breakage, key layer breakage to overburden bending, and overburden bending to collapse and compaction. The fractal dimensions of the overburden fracture before and after breakage of the key layer showed a rising-stable-declining trend, and the experimental analysis showed that fracture development began in the unmined area at the front end of the working face under the influence of overstress. In addition, the height of fracture development after stabilization was 53.7 m. A relationship was established between the height of the overburden fracture, peak stress, and dissipation of the energy density of the key layer, and their associated disaster mechanism induced by mining in a medium-thick coal seam progressed as follows: coal mining → stress redistribution → dissipation energy increase → fracture development → stress concentration → key stratum breaking → stress transfer → energy release → dynamic disaster. These results can be used as a reference for observing and mastering the development law of overburden fractures and preventing disasters under such conditions.
Extent of COVID‐19 Healthcare Services of Isolation Center of Private Hospital across Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Abd El-Raheem Ghada Omer Hamad , Yousif Maysoun Ahmed Awad , Mohamed Doaa Salih Ibrahim , Farah Ragaa Omer Gasmelsaid , Bukhari Mohamed Elfatih Abdalla , Mohamed Nehal Faysal Ezalden , Ahmad Mohammednour Omer , Saeed Braa Kamal Ismail
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Spatial presentation is considered a useful tool for analyzing and mapping the frequencies of incidences of different pathogens. Khartoum State accounted for 78% of the overall cases of COVID‐19 in Sudan. The aim of this study was to present the spatial extent of healthcare services of a private isolation center during the pandemic at the locality level. Materials and Methods. A spatial descriptive study was conducted using ArcGIS to present the locations of all COVID‐19 patients who attended Imperial Hospital isolation center on November–December 2020 in Khartoum, Sudan. Results. Patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the study period were 188; they had attended Imperial Hospital from 9 states. Patients from Khartoum State were 167 patients. Of those 167 patients, 75 were from the Khartoum locality; it is the locality in which Imperial Hospital is located, followed by Khartoum Bahri (34 patients), Omdurman (19 patients), and South Khartoum (14 patients), while 10 patients each were from the Sharg En Nile and Karary localities. Conclusion. Patients from 8 different states of Sudan had travelled to reach Khartoum State to get health services. At the state level, Khartoum State was the most benefited state from the healthcare services of Imperial Hospital. At a locality level, Khartoum locality was the most benefited one.
CTRP7 Is a Biomarker Related to Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress: Cross-Sectional and Intervention Studies In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Li Kejia , Liang Zerong , Xu Weiwei , Dai Han , Tian Mingyuan , Li Ling , Liu Hua , Chen Chen , Liu Dongfang , Zheng Hongting , Zhu Zhiming , Yang Gangyi , Yang Mengliu
Published: March 2022

Objective. CTRP7 is a cytokine that is known to be associated with obesity. However, its relationship with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic diseases remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between CTRP7 and IR under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Methods. CTRP7 expression in mice and hepatocytes was determined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Circulating CTRP7 concentrations were measured with an ELISA kit. EHC, OGTT, lipid-infusion, physical activity, and cold-stimulation experiments were performed in humans and mice. SOD, GSH, and MDA were measured by commercial kits. ROS levels were detected using dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Results. The expression levels of CTRP7 protein in the liver and fat of ob/ob and db/db mice were higher than that of WT mice. Individuals with IGT, T2DM, and obesity had higher circulating CTRP7 levels. CTRP7 levels were associated with HOMA-IR, obesity, and other metabolic parameters. During OGTT, serum CTRP7 levels gradually decreased, while CTRP7 levels significantly increased during EHC in response to hyperinsulinemia in healthy individuals without IR. In addition, lipid infusion-induced IR further increased serum CTRP7 levels in healthy adults. Physical activity increased serum CTRP7 levels in healthy individuals and CTRP7 protein expression in iWAT and skeletal muscle in mice. Under in vitro conditions, the expression of the CTRP7 protein was inhibited in a glucose concentration-dependent manner but was promoted by FFAs and insulin stimulation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, CTRP7 overexpression facilitated oxidative stress and suppressed the phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules in hepatocytes. Conclusions. Our evidence shows that CTRP7 could be a useful biomarker and potential treatment target in IR and metabolic disorders.
Study on the Correlation between Morphology and Distribution of Common Psoriasis Lesions
Authors: Li Qiang , Jiang Yuanwen
Published: March 2022

Objective. Through the analysis of the morphological distribution of psoriasis lesions, we can study the relationship between psoriasis lesions and age, gender, and course of disease and dialectically look at the location of lesion morphology and the impact of course of disease on it, so as to provide more basis for the treatment of psoriasis. Method. Through a questionnaire survey of 512 patients in the dermatology clinic of a well-known traditional Chinese medicine hospital in Jiangsu Province, their symptoms met the diagnostic criteria of psoriasis in Chinese clinical dermatology. The current situation of psoriasis was analyzed by literature analysis, and the collected data were analyzed by general mean analysis, analysis of variance, and descriptive analysis. Result. There were some differences in the proportion of male to female in 512 patients. It is possible to conclude that male incidence rate is higher than that of women. It can be deduced from bad habits such as heavy drinking and smoking in male life. Bad habits can reduce male immunity and cause disease. The distribution of skin lesions in different parts shows that the skin is more affected by the outside world, which leads to the repeated attack of psoriasis. The incidence of chest, scalp, and upper arm is also relatively high. There have been similar demonstrations in relevant medical data, which may be related to the vascular density in them. Some substances that induce psoriasis in the dense blood vessels are easy to accumulate here, leading to the pathogenic bacteria to induce the onset of psoriasis. Conclusion. By studying the distribution of psoriasis lesions and the correlation between lesions, gender, and disease course, we can improve the dialectical treatment of psoriasis, which has reference significance, and provide a new thinking direction for the treatment system theory of psoriasis.
Can Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) Reduce Benign Breast Biopsy?
Authors: Liew Amanda Ling Fung , Lim Hollie Mei Yeen , Fok Elizabeth Chun Mei , Loke Siu Cheng , Tan Ern Yu , Chong Bee Kiang , Lee Yeong Shyan , Chan Patrick Mun Yew , Chotai Niketa
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To evaluate the potential of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in reducing benign breast biopsy rate, thereby improving resource utilization. To explore its potential as a value-adding modality in the management of BI-RADS 4/5 lesions. Materials and Methods. This was a prospective study conducted between July 2016 and September 2018. Patients with BI-RADS 4/5 lesions detected on conventional imaging (mammogram, digital breast tomosynthesis, and ultrasound) were enrolled for adjunct CESM. Histopathologic correlation was done for all lesions. Additional suspicious lesions detected on CESM were all identified on second-look ultrasound and subsequently biopsied. Images were evaluated independently by two radiologists trained in breast imaging using BI-RADS classification. Presence of enhancement on CESM, BI-RADS score, and histopathology of each lesion were analyzed and tested with the chi-square/fisher-exact test for statistical significance. Results. The study included 105 lesions in 63 participants—1 man and 62 women, an average age of 53.7 ± 10.8 years. On CESM, 22 (20.9%) of the lesions did not show enhancement. All 22 lesions had been classified as BI-RADS 4A and were subsequently proven to be benign. Of the remaining 83 enhancing lesions, 54 (65.1%) were malignant and 29 (34.9%) were benign (

p
<
0.05

). CESM detected 6 additional lesions which were not identified on initial conventional imaging. Four of these were proven malignant and were in a different quadrant than the primary lesion investigated. Conclusion. There is evidence that the absence of enhancement in CESM strongly favors benignity. It may provide the reporting radiologist with greater confidence in imaging assessment, especially in BI-RADS 4A cases, where a proportion of them are in actuality BI-RADS 3. Greater accuracy of BI-RADS grading can reduce nearly half of benign biopsies and allow better resource allocation. CESM also increases the detection rate of potentially malignant lesions, thereby changing the treatment strategies.
On the Approximation of Entire Harmonic Functions in ℝn Having Slow Growth
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Ghareeb A.
Published: March 2022

The generalized growth of entire transcendental functions in terms of polynomial approximation errors in some Banach spaces has been studied by various authors. The main purpose of this paper is to study the harmonic polynomial approximation of entire harmonic functions in space ℝn,  n ≥ 3, in certain Banach spaces. Moreover, the generalized type of harmonic functions of slow growth has been characterized in terms of best harmonic polynomial approximation errors. Our results add new aspects for the case of order zero.
Site of Nerve Division Affects Pain-Related Behavior and Spinal Cord Glial Proliferation after C7 Neurotomy in a Rat Stroke Model
Authors: Li Zhenpeng , Fang Jintao , Yang Jiantao , Qin Bengang , He Wenting , Qi Jian , Zhu Qingtang , Wang Honggang , Gu Liqiang
Published: March 2022

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate whether the site of C7 neurotomy affects spinal cord glial cell activation and pain-related behavior on the paralyzed side in a rat stroke model. Methods. After middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, they underwent C7 neurotomy 0, 2, and 4 mm distal to the intervertebral foramen on the paralyzed side. Pain-related behavior and immunofluorescence examination of spinal cord glial cell activation in the ipsilateral C7 dorsal horn were evaluated. Results. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MPWT) was lower, and the number of microglia and astrocytes (/mm2) was higher as the distance between the site of C7 neurotomy and the intervertebral foramen decreased from 4 mm to 0. Conclusion. The site of C7 neurotomy affects MPWT and spinal cord glial proliferation in rats with MCAO. Nerve division closer to intervertebral foramen resulted in lower MPWT and higher degree of glial proliferation in the spinal cord.
A Posteriori Error Estimates for a Nonconforming Finite Element Discretization of the Stokes–Biot System
Authors: Houédanou Koffi Wilfrid
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an a posteriori error estimator for a (piecewise linear) nonconforming finite element approximation of the problem defining the interaction between a free fluid and poroelastic structure. The free fluid is governed by the Stokes equations, while the flow in the poroelastic medium is modeled using the Biot poroelasticity system. Equilibrium and kinematic conditions are imposed on the interface. The approach utilizes the same nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart element discretization on the entire domain. For this discretization, we derive a residual indicator based on the jumps of the normal derivative of the nonconforming approximation. Lower and upper bounds form the main results with minimal assumptions on the mesh.
Assessment of Addition-Chain-Based Masked S-Box Using Deep-Learning-Based Side-Channel Attacks
Authors: Li Huizhong , Ming Jingdian , Zhou Yongbin
Published: March 2022

Masking schemes are considered to be effective countermeasures to protect Internet-of-Things devices from side-channel attacks. Deep-learning-based side-channel attacks (DL-SCAs) have been demonstrated to be very effective targeting on masked implementations. In this paper, we investigate the resistance of a popular computation-based masking scheme against DL-SCAs, that is, the addition-chain-based one. We find that addition chain introduces computations of intermediate monomials over

F

2

n

with smaller output sizes, which decreases its resistance against DL-SCAs. Specifically, we first use mutual information metric to evaluate the side-channel resistance of different monomials from an information theory point of view. Next, we further propose the Kullback–Leibler divergence ratio as an evaluation metric to analyze the impact of monomial output size on DL-SCAs. The measurement values show that the monomial with smaller output size is less-resistant against DL-SCAs. Then we conduct simulated and practical experiments respectively to verify it. In simulated experiments, we perform DL-SCAs on first-order masked implementations with different noise levels and training trace numbers. The results demonstrate that monomials with smaller output size are more vulnerable. Moreover, with the increase (resp. decrease) in noise level (resp. training trace number), the resistance difference of these monomials becomes more significant. In addition, we obtain similar results through simulated experiments on second-order masked scenario. In practical experiments based on an ARM Cortex-M4 architecture, we collect power and electromagnetic traces in consideration of low and high noise levels. The results show that the number of required traces for targeting the S-Box output is at least three times as much that for targeting the weakest monomial.
Research on the Model of Industrial Interconnection Intelligent Manufacturing Supply and Demand Network and Its Robustness
Authors: He Jianjia , Zheng Tianyuan
Published: March 2022

The industrial interconnection intelligent manufacturing supply and demand network is the carrier for the cooperation of related enterprises, and research on its evolution helps to optimize the cooperation between enterprises. This paper considers the factors that affect enterprise cooperation, applies consensus, disconnection, reconnection, and change of opinion into one model, and constructs two models of industrial interconnection intelligent manufacturing supply and demand networks. Because the industrial interconnection intelligent manufacturing supply and demand network is affected by certain factors, the network will be subject to fluctuations and the functions of the network will change. The smaller the function change, the higher the robustness of the model. The related topological structure statistics (such as clustering coefficient, average path length, and degree distribution) of the two models are analyzed, and the analysis results indicate that the network structure of the two models has changed. In addition, different attack algorithms are used to verify the robustness of the model. The experimental results show that under the four different attack algorithms, compared with the BA model, the two models proposed in this paper have stronger robustness. Research on the industrial interconnection of intelligent manufacturing supply and demand networks and its robustness optimization has certain guiding significance.
Analyzing Performance of Banks in India: A Robust Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Ali Mohammad Athar , Pervez Asif , Bansal Rohit , Khan Mohammed Arshad
Published: March 2022

This research aims to analyze the impact of bank performance determinants on bank performance by applying robust regression analysis. For this, the relationship between return on assets and net interest margin with bank performance determinants has been discussed using robust regression. Robust regression offers a better and more realistic analysis owing to reducing the impact of outliers and influential data, and it is recommended for more precise results.
Clinical Value Analysis of Xiaozheng Decoction Combined with Bladder Perfusion for Postoperative Treatment of Bladder Cancer and Its Effect on Serum miR-143 and miR-92a
Authors: Yang Xifeng , Lv Honghong , Jiang Wenjing , Zhang Jinzhi , Hua Hong
Published: March 2022

Objective. To study the clinical value of Xiaozheng decoction combined with bladder perfusion treating bladder cancer after the operation and its effect on serum miR-143 and miR-92a. Methods. The patients in the control group were treated with gemcitabine bladder instillation, and patients in the study group were treated with the combination of gemcitabine bladder instillation + Xiaozheng decoction. The clinical efficacy, postoperative adverse effects, and recurrence between the two groups were compared. miR-143 and miR-92a levels, immune function levels, and tumor factor levels were compared before and after treatment. The relationship between patient prognosis and miR-143/miR-92a expression was analyzed. Results. The overall effective rate of treatment in the study group (86.67%) was significantly increased, and the occurrence of adverse reactions and recurrence were significantly decreased (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, serum miR-143 and miR-92a levels, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK levels increased in both groups (P<0.05). CD8+ levels, BTA, NMP, and UBC levels decreased in both groups (

P
<
0.05

). Analysis of survival results indicated that the two-year survival rates of patients with miR-143 and miR-92a high expressions were significantly higher than patients with low expressions (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The efficacy of Xiaozheng decoction combined with bladder perfusion in treating postoperative patients with bladder cancer was significant, which could reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and postoperative recurrence rate, improve serum tumor marker levels, and enhance patients’ immunity with a good prognosis.
Effect of Double-Channel Anastomosis and Esophagojejunal Anastomosis on Postoperative Recovery and Complications of Laparoscopic D2 Radical Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liao Nansheng , Xu Chaowei , Zheng Shuang , Wang Rongguo
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of double-channel anastomosis versus esophagojejunostomy on postoperative recovery and complications after laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for early proximal gastric cancer. The cases were collected from 100 patients with early proximal gastric cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2021. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into control group (total gastrectomy + esophagojejunal anastomosis) and experimental group (D2 radical resection + double-channel anastomosis). The two groups were compared in terms of clinical outcomes (operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph nodes dissected, digestive tract anastomosis time, postoperative exhaust, and hospitalization days), postoperative complications, and nutritional status; the expression of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of the two groups was detected to reflect the recovery of immune ability. There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in clinical operation effect indexes (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of complications of dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In terms of postoperative nutritional status, the ratio of plasma albumin level and body weight restored to operation at 12 and 24 weeks after operation in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). 3 months after the operation, the levels of CD3 +, CD4 + cell subsets, and CD4+/CD8+ index reflecting the recovery of immune ability in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the observation group (

P
<
0.05

). The application of double-channel anastomosis in laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for early proximal gastric cancer has a better effect on reducing complications and promoting postoperative recovery, which is of great application value.
Application of Multiagent Technology in Intelligent Distributed Sports Training Simulation System
Authors: Nie Dongfang , Liu Jiannan
Published: March 2022

Multiagent technology, as a conceptual model commonly used in intelligent systems, has now had a lot of related research, and it is also widely used in sports training simulation systems. This paper mainly studies the development of the sports training simulation system based on agent technology. This paper proposes the motion perception system of multiagent technology in sports training. In the research, this paper introduces the related concepts and methods of agent in detail. In order to better simulate the changes of human joints during exercise with the system, this article uses a variety of comparison methods. Among them, the experiment of the imaging analysis module is carried out through the simulation of the simulation system. The experimental results show that the role of multiagent in the simulation system is huge. In linear motion, the accuracy of joint extraction has reached more than 95%. The extraction of joints in the curve movement reached more than 80%, indicating that it can not only complete the relevant processing adaptively but also predict and correct the exercise process of the trainer. Therefore, in the research of sports training simulation system, more attention should be paid to the research of curve motion.
Breast Cancer Recognition Using Saliency-Based Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Fu Qiang , Dong Hongbin
Published: March 2022

The spiking neural networks (SNNs) use event-driven signals to encode physical information for neural computation. SNN takes the spiking neuron as the basic unit. It modulates the process of nerve cells from receiving stimuli to firing spikes. Therefore, SNN is more biologically plausible. Although the SNN has more characteristics of biological neurons, SNN is rarely used for medical image recognition due to its poor performance. In this paper, a reservoir spiking neural network is used for breast cancer image recognition. Due to the difficulties of extracting the lesion features in medical images, a salient feature extraction method is used in image recognition. The salient feature extraction network is composed of spiking convolution layers, which can effectively extract the features of lesions. Two temporal encoding manners, namely, linear time encoding and entropy-based time encoding methods, are used to encode the input patterns. Readout neurons use the ReSuMe algorithm for training, and the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) is employed to optimize the network architecture to further improve the reservoir SNN performance. Three modality datasets are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show an accuracy of 97.44% for the BreastMNIST database. The classification accuracy is 98.27% on the mini-MIAS database. And the overall accuracy is 95.83% for the BreaKHis database by using the saliency feature extraction, entropy-based time encoding, and network optimization.
Image Analysis Application of Motherwort Total Alkaloid Injection in the Treatment of Postabortion Hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Wenjing
Published: March 2022

In order to reduce the possibility of postabortion hemorrhage leading to maternal death, the author studied the image analysis of postpartum hemorrhage based on Leonurus total alkaloid injection, combining research results, in order to explore the curative effect of Leonurus injection in treating postpartum hemorrhage. After treatment, the time and volume of vaginal bleeding were significantly lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

); it is suggested that the combination of oxytocin and motherwort can effectively reduce the time and volume of vaginal bleeding after medical abortion, conducive to postoperative recovery. The results show that motherwort injection can effectively reduce the amount of bleeding and reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage; in addition, adverse reactions have been reduced, and an image analysis consensus has been formed, which is worthy of promotion.
PUF-Assisted Lightweight Group Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol in Smart Home
Authors: Xia Yandong , Qi Rongxin , Ji Sai , Shen Jian , Miao Tiantian , Wang Huaqun
Published: March 2022

Various IoT-based applications such as smart home, intelligent medical, and VANETs have been put into practical utilization. The smart home is one of the most concerned environments, allowing users to access and control smart devices via the public network remotely. The smart home can provide many intelligent services for users through these smart devices. To securely access devices and obtain collected data over the public network, multifactor authentication protocols for smart home have gained wide attention. However, most of these protocols cannot withstand impersonation attack, smart device lost attack, privileged-insider attack, smart card lost attack, and so on. Besides, high communication and computational costs weaken the system performance, which leads to most authentication protocols are not suitable for resource-constrained smart devices. To mitigate the aforementioned drawbacks, we proposed a PUF-assisted lightweight group authentication and key agreement protocol to implement secure access to multiple devices in the smart home simultaneously using the Chinese Remainder Theorem and secret sharing technique. Our protocol also utilizes physical unclonable function (PUF) and fuzzy extractor technique to extract the digital fingerprint of the smart devices, which can uniquely validate smart devices and protect the secrets stored in their memory. Our protocol can support various security features and withstand the many well-known attacks in the smart home. The performance analysis indicates that the proposed protocol can efficiently reduce communication/computational costs when the user simultaneously accesses multiple devices.
Morphological Characteristics of the Posterior Wall Associated with Complex Acetabular Fractures: A Radiological Study Using 3D Software and Fracture Mapping Technique
Authors: Tian Siyu , Liang Shaobo , Wang Zhongzheng , Ye Pengyu , Yin Yingchao , Li Junran , Zhang Ruipeng , Zhao Kuo , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: March 2022

Background. The aim of the study was to compare the morphological distinctions of the posterior wall (PW) in different complex acetabular fractures using 3D software and fracture mapping technique and ultimately to provide for improved clinical treatment. Methods. One hundred and fourteen patients with complex acetabular fracture associated with PW were recruited. All patients were divided into two groups according to the injury mechanism of the PW: Group A (both‐column and PW) and Group B (including posterior column and PW; T shape and PW; and transverse and PW). Fracture mapping was generated on the intra‐ and extrasurface of a standard template. The radiological parameters including spatial displacement, articular surface area, articular range, marginal impaction, and multifragments of the two groups were compared. Results. The spatial displacement, intra‐/extra‐articular surface area, and start and end point in Group A were 10.9 mm (IQR, 8.4‐15.2), 8.2 ± 2.6 cm2, 17.9 ± 5.3 cm2, 0.8° (IQR, ‐6.0‐16.2), and 107.5° (IQR, 97.2‐116.9), respectively. The results in Group B were 30.4 mm (IQR, 16.8‐48.7), 4.1 ± 2.0 cm2, 10.6 ± 4.4 cm2, 29.5° (IQR, 19.2‐38.0), and 117.5° (IQR, 98.2‐127.2), respectively. Marginal impaction was defined by Letournel et al. All the differences between two groups were significant (P < 0.05). The fracture map in Group A showed an “L”‐shaped pattern and a “cusp” on the ilium, and the PW was located at 1/5 to 1/4 of the posterosuperior part of the acetabulum. The fracture maps in Group B were scattered and lacked consistency, and the PWs were confined to 1/10 to 1/8 of the posterior acetabulum. Conclusions. Quantitative measurements and fracture mapping represented the differences in morphological characteristics of PWs associated with complex acetabular fractures.
Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zeng Liuting , Yu Ganpeng , Yang Kailin , Xiang Wang , Li Jun , Chen Hua
Published: March 2022

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Methods. The Chinese and English databases were searched for clinical research on the treatment of autoimmune diseases with mesenchymal stem cells. The search time range is from a self-built database to October 1, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the bias of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 analysis software was used for meta-analysis. Results. A total of 18 RCTs involving 5 autoimmune diseases were included. The 5 autoimmune disease were rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and multiple sclerosis. For RA, the current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) still believe that stem cell transplantation may reduce disease activity, improve the clinical symptoms (such as DAS28), and the percentage of CD4+CD 25+Foxp3+Tregs in the response group increased and the percentage of CD4+IL-17A+Th17 cells decreased. The total clinical effective rate of RA is 54%. For SLE, the results showed that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may improve SLEDAI [-2.18 (-3.62, -0.75),

P
=
0.003

], urine protein [-0.93 (-1.04, -0.81),

P
<
0.00001

], and complement C3 [0.31 (0.19, 0.42),

P
<
0.00001

]. For inflammatory bowel disease, the results showed that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may improve clinical efficacy [2.50 (1.07, 5.84),

P
=
0.03

]. For ankylosing spondylitis, MSC treatment for 6 months may increase the total effective rate; reduce erythrocyte sedimentation rate, intercellular adhesion molecules, and serum TNF-α; and improve pain and activity. For multiple sclerosis, the current research results are still controversial, so more RCTs are needed to amend or confirm the conclusions. No obvious adverse events of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation were found in all RCTs. Conclusion. MSCs have a certain effect on different autoimmune diseases, but more RCTs are needed to further modify or confirm the conclusion.
National Vulnerability to Pandemics: The Role of Macroenvironmental Factors in COVID‐19 Evolution
Authors: Aljukhadar Muhammad
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research is to show that vulnerability to pandemics is unequal across nations, and that culture besides other national factors helps unleash some of the disparities. A nation’s vulnerability to pandemics is defined as a state of fragility and dereliction at the national level perceptible at the early stage of the emergence of a pathogen when no definite information is available about it and no clear response is in place, creating a dependence on national factors as well as contextual factors. That is, vulnerability reflects the evolution or spread of a nascent pandemic in a given nation. A set of hypotheses that prescribe how a nation’s factors would contribute to its vulnerability is developed. Data reflecting the national factors of a sample of countries that reported early COVID‐19 cases were collected from secondary sources to test the hypotheses. The results show that, whereas factors such as economy and healthcare had a modest effect, two cultural factors were salient in shaping a nation’s vulnerability to COVID‐19. Furthermore, poverty prevalence associated with a nation’s vulnerability. Delineating how a nation’s culture and macroenvironmental factors shape its vulnerability at early stages of pandemic evolution, the results encourage policymakers to extend timely support to nations high on uncertainty avoidance and low on indulgence, as well as where poverty is prevalent. Such nations require proactive measures such as behavioral interventions and communications that are culturally sensitive and inclusive.
Automated Mathematical Algorithm for Quantitative Measurement of Strabismus Based on Photographs of Nine Cardinal Gaze Positions
Authors: Kang Yena Christina , Yang Hee Kyung , Kim Young Jae , Hwang Jeong-Min , Kim Kwang Gi
Published: March 2022

This study presents an automated algorithm that measures ocular deviation quantitatively using photographs of the nine cardinal points of gaze by means of deep learning (DL) and image processing techniques. Photographs were collected from patients with strabismus. The images were used as inputs for the DL segmentation models that segmented the sclerae and limbi. Subsequently, the images were registered for the mathematical algorithm. Two‐dimensional sclera and limbus were modeled, and the corneal light reflex points of the primary gaze images were determined. Limbus recognition was performed to measure the pixel‐wise distance between the corneal reflex point and limbus center. The segmentation models exhibited high performance, with 96.88% dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for the sclera segmentation and 95.71% DSC for the limbus segmentation. The mathematical algorithm was tested on two cranial nerve palsy patients to evaluate its ability to measure and compare ocular deviation in different directions. These results were consistent with the symptoms of such disorders. This algorithm successfully measured the distance of ocular deviation in patients with strabismus. With complementation in the dimension calculations, we expect that this algorithm can be used further in clinical settings to diagnose and measure strabismus at a low cost.
The Effect of Fines and Temperature on the Mode I Fracture Characteristics of the Frozen Sand
Authors: Hwang Bumsik , Cho Wanjei
Published: March 2022

In this research, the three‐point bending tests were conducted using frozen sand specimen of 0, 5, 10, and 15% fine contents with specified notch under −5, −10, and −15°C condition to analyse the effects of fine contents and temperature on the mode I fracture characteristics of the frozen sand. Three‐point bending tests were performed using the standard test method of other materials such as metal and concrete. In order to investigate the effect of fine and temperature on the fracture characteristics of the frozen sand, the stress intensity factor and fracture energy were calculated using three‐point bending test results. Based on the test results, fine contents and temperature can affect the brittle and ductile responses of the frozen sand. Furthermore, the fracture toughness of frozen sand increase with the fine contents’ increase and the temperature decrease. Fracture energy required for the crack initiation can be dominated by the fracture behaviour and brittle and ductile response.
Privacy Protection of Healthcare Data over Social Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Khan Shakir , Saravanan V. , N Gnanaprakasam C. , Lakshmi T. Jaya , Deb Nabamita , Othman Nashwan Adnan
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of mobile medical care, medical institutions also have the hidden danger of privacy leakage while sharing personal medical data. Based on the k-anonymity and l-diversity supervised models, it is proposed to use the classified personalized entropy l-diversity privacy protection model to protect user privacy in a fine-grained manner. By distinguishing solid and weak sensitive attribute values, the constraints on sensitive attributes are improved, and the sensitive information is reduced for the leakage probability of vital information to achieve the safety of medical data sharing. This research offers a customized information entropy l-diversity model and performs experiments to tackle the issues that the information entropy l-diversity model does not discriminate between strong and weak sensitive features. Data analysis and experimental results show that this method can minimize execution time while improving data accuracy and service quality, which is more effective than existing solutions. The limits of solid and weak on sensitive qualities are enhanced, sensitive data are reduced, and the chance of crucial data leakage is lowered, all of which contribute to the security of healthcare data exchange. This research offers a customized information entropy l-diversity model and performs experiments to tackle the issues that the information entropy l-diversity model does not discriminate between strong and weak sensitive features. The scope of this research is that this paper enhances data accuracy while minimizing the algorithm’s execution time.
Protective Effects of Dapsone on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Involvement of Nitric Oxide Pathway
Authors: Noroozi Nafise , Shayan Maryam , Maleki Adeleh , Eslami Faezeh , Rahimi Nastaran , Zakeri Robab , Abdolmaleki Zohreh , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The leading cause of memory impairment is dementia-related disorders. Since current treatments for memory impairment target the neuroinflammatory pathways, we selected dapsone, an anti-inflammatory agent, to evaluate its effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and the underlying role of nitric oxide (NO). Methods: Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) was used for induction of memory impairment. The animals received various doses of dapsone (0.1, 0.3, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Duration and number of arms visits in the Y-maze and step-through latency in the passive-avoidance were documented. To evaluate the underlying signaling pathway, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nonspecific NO synthase [NOS] inhibitor), aminoguanidine (a specific inducible NOS inhibitor), and 7-nitroindazole (a specific neuronal NOS inhibitor) were administered 30 min after dapsone administration. Results: Dapsone (5 mg/kg) substantially improved memory acquisition in scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Additionally, NOS inhibitors considerably reversed the observed neuroprotective effects of dapsone, accompanied by the elevation of NO levels. Conclusion: Dapsone revealed a neuroprotective effect against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, possibly through the nitrergic pathway.
Genetic Etiologies for Chronic Kidney Disease Revealed through Next-Generation Renal Gene Panel
Authors: Bleyer Anthony J. , Westemeyer Maggie , Xie Jing , Bloom Michelle S. , Brossart Katya , Eckel Jason J. , Jones Frederick , Molnar Miklos Z. , Kotzker Wayne , Anand Prince , Kmoch Stanislav , Xue Yuan , Strom Samuel , Punj Sumit , Demko Zachary P. , Tabriziani Hossein , Billings Paul R. , McKanna Trudy
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue in the USA. Identification of monogenic causes of CKD, which are present in ∼10% of adult cases, can impact prognosis and patient management. Broad gene panels can provide unbiased testing approaches, which are advantageous in phenotypically heterogeneous diseases. However, the use and yield of broad genetic panels by nephrologists in clinical practice is not yet well characterized. Methods: Renal genetic testing, ordered exclusively for clinical purposes, predominantly by general and transplant nephrologists within the USA, was performed on 1,007 consecutive unique patient samples. Testing was performed using a commercially available next-generation sequencing-based 382 gene kidney disease panel. Pathogenic (P) and likely pathogenic (LP) variants were reported. Positive findings included a monoallelic P/LP variant in an autosomal dominant or X-linked gene and biallelic P/LP variants in autosomal recessive genes. Results: Positive genetic findings were identified in 21.1% (212/1,007) of cases. A total of 220 positive results were identified across 48 genes. Positive results occurred most frequently in the PKD1 (34.1%), COL4A5 (10.9%), PKD2 (10.0%), COL4A4 (6.4%), COL4A3 (5.9%), and TTR (4.1%) genes. Variants identified in the remaining 42 genes comprised 28.6% of the total positive findings, including single positive results in 26 genes. Positive results in >1 gene were identified in 7.5% (16/212) of cases. Conclusions: Use of broad panel genetic testing by clinical nephrologists had a high success rate, similar to results obtained by academic centers specializing in genetics.