bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A framework for assessing quality of tender documents
Authors: Govender Neil , Laryea Samuel , Watermeyer Ron
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Several researchers in the construction industry have mentioned that quality of tender documents is declining without tangibly assessing quality. Similarly, in practice, no standardised instrument exists to assess tender document quality. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to develop a framework to assess the quality of tender documents produced by built environment professionals in the construction industry. A framework was chosen to address the gaps in theory and practice as it provides a flexible but structured mechanism to assess tender document quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology contained three stages, namely: multi-investigator triangulation, a workshop with infrastructure experts and framework development and validation. A consolidated list of key quality indicators was developed following the literature review and multi-investigator triangulation. The indicators were discussed with ten experts in the South African construction industry, who were responsible for validating and providing insight on whether additional indicators were required. This informed development of the framework.

Findings

This paper proposes a framework to assess tender document quality by evaluating six key quality indicators namely: accuracy, clarity, completeness, standardisation, relevance and certainty.

Research limitations/implications

The framework is limited to the assessment of tender document quality in the construction industry and is suited to the “Design by Employer” contracting strategy. From an academic perspective, this paper provides researchers with a framework to measure and benchmark quality of tender documents in future studies.

Practical implications

This framework can be used by clients to continuously assess and benchmark quality of tender documents produced by professionals.

Originality/value

A comprehensive and standardised approach to assess tender document quality was not available in the construction literature or the construction industry. Therefore, this paper addressed this gap in knowledge, by providing consumers (clients and contractors) of tender documents and researchers a mechanism to assess quality.
Resource renewal in heavy business networks: the case of Modvion starting up in the Swedish wind energy context
Authors: Landqvist Maria , Lind Frida
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Taking the perspective of a start-up company, the purpose of this paper is to analyse resource renewal in heavy business networks.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical framework is based on the Industrial Network Approach and, especially, the resource interaction framework, business network settings and studies of starting up in business networks. The basis for the paper is a case study of a start-up in the Swedish wind energy context.

Findings

Resource renewal in this case means replacing one resource, having implications for the resource interfaces in the three business network settings.

Research limitations/implications

The paper contributes to the area of studies of starting up in business networks by identifying a distinct form of resource renewal in heavy business networks enabled by development of resource interfaces in three business network settings.

Practical implications

Managers in start-ups as well as established firms need to interact to create and develop the resource interfaces that are needed to achieve resource renewal. Resource renewal not only is in the hands of start-ups but also requires interactive resource development with various collaboration partners.

Originality/value

This study takes a start-up’s perspective to resource renewal of heavy business networks and analyses heaviness based on resource interfaces in three business network settings.
River networks: An analysis of simulating algorithms and graph metrics used to quantify topology
Authors: Lee Finnbar , Simon Kevin S. , Perry George L. W.
Published: March 2022

River networks are frequently simulated for use in the development and testing of ecological theory. Currently, two main algorithms are used, stochastic branching networks (SBNs) and optimal channel networks (OCNs). The topology of these simulated networks and ‘real’ rivers is often quantified using graph theoretic metrics; however, to date, there has not been a comprehensive analysis of how these algorithms compare regarding graph theoretic metrics, or an analysis of metric redundancy and variability across dendritic ecological networks. We aim to provide guidance as to which algorithm and metrics should be used, and under what circumstances.

We performed an extensive simulation study in which we (a) identified orthogonal sets of metrics that describe the topology of real and simulated river networks, (b) analysed the relationship between algorithm hyper‐parameters and node topology metrics, (c) determined whether simulated and real rivers are indistinguishable in their graph metric scores and (d) examined how patterns of species abundances compare across the three network types.

We identified two orthogonal sets of node metrics; those that describe centrality and those that describe neighbourhood characteristics. Both stochastic branching networks and optimal channel networks can reproduce network topology metric scores of real rivers, but this relationship is dependent on the algorithm hyper‐parameters used. Finally, using a metapopulation model, we show that both SBNs and OCNs can reproduce ecological patterns of species abundances similar to those of real rivers.

SBNs and OCNs can replicate the node topology of real rivers. The choice of which algorithm to use will depend on the research aims, SBNs are faster to generate and more tractable, whereas OCNs can reproduce a wider variety of the characteristics of real rivers, but are more time‐consuming to generate. When quantifying node topology in river networks, we recommend the orthogonal node metrics eccentricity, when interested in network centrality, and mean neighbour degree, when interested in local node importance.
Automatic segmentation of intraocular lens, the retrolental space and Berger's space using deep learning
Authors: Schwarzenbacher Luca , Seeböck Philipp , Schartmüller Daniel , Leydolt Christina , Menapace Rupert , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To develop and validate a deep learning model to automatically segment three structures using an anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT): The intraocular lens (IOL), the retrolental space (IOL to the posterior lens capsule) and Berger's space (BS; posterior capsule to the anterior hyaloid membrane).

Methods

An artificial intelligence (AI) approach based on a deep learning model to automatically segment the IOL, the retrolental space, and BS in AS‐OCT, was trained using annotations from an experienced clinician. The training, validation and test set consisted of 92 cross‐sectional OCT slices, acquired in 47 visits from 41 eyes. Annotations from a second experienced clinician in the test set were additionally evaluated to conduct an inter‐reader variability analysis.

Results

The AI model achieved a Precision/Recall/Dice score of 0.97/0.90/0.93 for IOL, 0.54/0.65/0.55 for retrolental space, and 0.72/0.58/0.59 for BS. For inter‐reader variability, Precision/Recall/Dice values were 0.98/0.98/0.98 for IOL, 0.74/0.59/0.62 for retrolental space, and 0.58/0.57/0.57 for BS. No statistical differences were observed between the automated algorithm and the inter‐reader variability for BS segmentation.

Conclusion

The deep learning model allows for fully automatic segmentation of all investigated structures, achieving human‐level performance in BS segmentation. We, therefore, expect promising applications of the algorithm with particular interest in BS in automated big data analysis and real‐time intra‐operative support in ophthalmology, particularly in conjunction with primary posterior capsulotomy in femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery.
The end of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: March 2022

There are no widely accepted, quantitative definitions for the end of a pandemic such as COVID‐19. The end of the pandemic due to a new virus and the transition to endemicity may be defined based on a high proportion of the global population having some immunity from natural infection or vaccination. Other considerations include diminished death toll, diminished pressure on health systems, reduced actual and perceived personal risk, removal of restrictive measures and diminished public attention. A threshold of 70% of the global population having being vaccinated or infected was probably already reached in the second half of 2021. Endemicity may still show major spikes of infections and seasonality, but typically less clinical burden, although some locations are still hit more than others. Death toll and ICU occupancy figures are also consistent with a transition to endemicity by end 2021/early 2022. Personal risk of the vast majority of the global population was already very small by end 2021, but perceived risk may still be grossly overestimated. Restrictive measures of high stringency have persisted in many countries by early 2022. The gargantuan attention in news media, social media and even scientific circles should be tempered. Public health officials need to declare the end of the pandemic. Mid‐ and long‐term consequences of epidemic waves and of adopted measures on health, society, economy, civilization and democracy may perpetuate a pandemic legacy long after the pandemic itself has ended.
Sexual intimacy and aging: An integrative framework to promote intimacy resilience in couple therapy
Authors: Scheinkman Michele , Iasenza Suzanne , Ludwig Keren , Cronin Thomas , Lemor Susan , Papp Peggy
Published: March 2022

In our work at the Intimacies Project at The Ackerman Institute for the Family we became aware of a gap in attention about sexuality and aging in the couple and family therapy field. In this article, we provide an integrative framework to guide therapists on how to address problems of sexuality and aging in the therapy room. Starting from considerations about the social context of aging and the self of the therapist, we contend that when normative sexual challenges become entangled with stigma, misconceptions about sexuality, limiting gender narratives, vulnerabilities, and defensive postures, they often result in emotional and sexual shutdowns. Through a combination of the vulnerability cycle with an expansive definition of sexuality, we demonstrate how we deconstruct impasses, disentangle normative quandaries from reactive dynamics, and help couples transform their sexual narratives. We outline how we conduct individual sessions to obtain relational sexual histories, utilize Sensate Focus as a mindful touch exercise, and help partners expand their sexual menus beyond penetration and orgasms. We also describe relational skills that may need to be strengthened to help aging couples deal with the ebb and flow of intimacy, sustaining resilience over time.
Association between sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and risk of bullous pemphigoid in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ma S.H. , Wu C.Y. , Lyu Y.S. , Chou Y.J. , Chang Y.T. , Wu C.Y.
Published: March 2022

Background

Certain anti‐diabetic agents have been linked to the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP). However, the relationship between BP and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) remains inconclusive.

Objective

To investigate the association between SGLT2i usage and BP.

Methods

Participants were recruited from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database between 2007 and 2018. A total of 149 060 patients with diabetes receiving SGLT2i were matched 1 : 2 with diabetic patients without SGLT2i usage. Factors such as age, sex, duration of diabetes condition, DPP4i usage, insulin usage and selected comorbidities were included in the multivariate analysis.

Results

Compared with the control, the 2‐year‐cumulative incidence was significantly low in patients using SGLT2i after adjustment for competing mortality. Patients with diabetes receiving SGLT2i had a low risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33–0.96] for BP after adjustment for potential confounders. Age (HR, 1.06), renal disease (HR, 1.79), cerebrovascular disease (HR, 3.23), epilepsy (HR, 3.07), DPP4i users (HR: 2.55) and insulin users (HR: 2.56) were significant risk factors for BP.

Conclusions

The risk of BP did not increase in patients receiving SGLT2i. Thus, SGLT2i could be a safe choice for patients with diabetes having additional risk factors or a history of BP.
An update on the evolutionary origin of aglomerular kidney with structural and ultrastructural descriptions of the kidney in three fish species
Authors: Senarat Sinlapachai , Kettratad Jes , Pairohakul Supanut , Ampawong Sumate , Huggins Brian P. , Coleman Melissa M. , Kaneko Gen
Published: March 2022

The kidney of fish contains numerous nephrons, each of which is divided into the renal corpuscle and renal tubules. This glomerular structure is the filtration unit of the nephron and is important for the kidney function, but it has been reported that the renal corpuscle was lost in at least four independent linages of fish (i.e., aglomerular kidney). In this study, the authors newly described renal structures for three species by histological and ultrastructural observations: two aglomerular kidneys from a seahorse Hippocampus barbouri and a toadfish Allenbatrachus grunniens and a glomerular kidney from a snake eel Pisodonophis boro. The renal development of H. barbouri was also described during 1–35 days after birth. In all species tested, the anterior kidney was comprised of haematopoietic tissues and a few renal tubules, whereas the posterior kidney contained more renal tubules. Although the glomerular structure was present in P. boro, light microscopic observations identified no glomeruli in the kidney of H. barbouri and A. grunniens. Ultrastructurally, abundant deep basal infoldings with mitochondria in the renal tubules were observed in A. grunniens compared to H. barbouri and P. boro, suggesting the possible role of basal infoldings in maintaining the osmotic balance. By integrating the results from the three species and comprehensive literature search, the authors further showed that 56 species have been reported to be aglomerular, and that the aglomerular kidney has evolved at least eight times in bony fishes.
Nurse species facilitate persistence of dry forests in agricultural landscapes in Uruguay
Authors: Pozo Inofuentes Paola , Säumel Ina
Published: March 2022

Questions

Park forests are shaped by extensive cattle ranching in the transition between natural riverine forests and open grasslands. The underlying mechanisms driving tree regeneration have not been studied, however, they determine biodiversity, sustainability and multifunctionality of these ecosystems. We explored patterns of tree regeneration by analyzing nurse–beneficiary interactions and tree community composition.

Location

Park forests within the departments of Rio Negro, Paysandú, Artigas and Tacuarembó, República Oriental del Uruguay, South America.

Methods

We established 205 (1 × 1 m2) paired plots in open microhabitat and under the tree canopy to evaluate the patterns of tree regeneration. To assess tree community composition and diversity we carried out forest inventories within one‐hectare plots of ten park forests.

Results

Scattered trees in park forests had a positive effect on tree regeneration density, whereas, dense grass coverage had a negative effect. Regeneration density increased and grass cover reduced under the canopy of nurse trees. Regeneration beneficiaries were mainly bird dispersed species with different life strategies. Tree communities varied between forest types and spatially closer forests were more similar.

Conclusions

Our study outlines the importance of park forest trees to the promotion of forest regeneration and recovery in grazed forests. Our results found a positive interaction effect between nurse trees and saplings, based on our results we suggested possible facilitation mechanisms including the provision of shade, reduction of grass competition and the attraction of seed dispersers.
Quality of life in liver transplant recipients during the Corona virus disease 19 pandemic: A multicentre study
Authors: Gitto Stefano , Golfieri Lucia , Mannelli Nicolò , Tamè Maria Rosa , Lopez Ivo , Ceccato Roberta , Montanari Stanislao , Falcini Margherita , Vitale Giovanni , De Maria Nicola , Presti Danilo Lo , Marzi Luca , Mega Andrea , Valente Giovanna , Borghi Alberto , Foschi Francesco Giuseppe , Grandi Silvana , Forte Paolo , Cescon Matteo , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Andreone Pietro , Arcangeli Giulio , De Simone Paolo , Bonacchi Andrea , Sofi Francesco , Morelli Maria Cristina , Petranelli Marco , Lau Chloe , Marra Fabio , Chiesi Francesca ,   for the MEDITRA Group:, Vizzutti Francesco , Vero Vittoria , Di Donato Roberto , Berardi Sonia , Pianta Paolo , D’Anzi Sharon , Schepis Filippo , Gualandi Noemi , Miceli Francesca , Villa Erica , Piai Guido , Valente Marco , Campani Claudia , Lynch Erica , Magistri Paolo , Cursaro Carmela , Chiarelli Annarita , Carrai Paola , Petruccelli Stefania , Dinu Monica , Pagliai Giuditta
Published: March 2022

Background

Liver transplant recipients require specific clinical and psychosocial attention given their frailty. Main aim of the study was to assess the quality of life after liver transplant during the current pandemic.

Methods

This multicentre study was conducted in clinically stable, liver transplanted patients. Enrollment opened in June and finished in September 2021. Patients completed a survey including lifestyle data, quality of life (Short Form health survey), sport, employment, diet. To examine the correlations, we calculated Pearson coefficients while to compare subgroups, independent samples t‐tests and ANOVAs. To detect the predictors of impaired quality of life, we used multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

We analysed data from 511 patients observing significant associations between quality of life’s physical score and both age and adherence to Mediterranean diet (p < .01). A significant negative correlation was observed between mental score and the sedentary activity (p < .05). Female patients scored significantly lower than males in physical and mental score. At multivariate analysis, females were 1.65 times more likely to report impaired physical score than males. Occupation and physical activity presented significant positive relation with quality of life. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was another relevant predictor. Regarding mental score, female patients were 1.78 times more likely to show impaired mental score in comparison with males. Sedentary activity and adherence to Mediterranean diet were further noteworthy predictors.

Conclusions

Females and subjects with sedentary lifestyle or work inactive seem to show the worst quality of life and both physical activity and Mediterranean diet might be helpful to improve it.
Patterns of belowground overyielding and fine‐root biomass in native and exotic angiosperms and gymnosperms
Authors: Schuster Michael J. , Williams Laura J. , Stefanski Artur , Bermudez Raimundo , Belluau Michaël , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain , Gravel Dominique , Reich Peter B.
Published: March 2022

Mixing tree species can lead to more productive forests, but how belowground productivity is affected by mixtures of trees of diverse phylogenetic and eco‐evolutionary histories is unclear. Here, we examine how species origin and phylogeny affect belowground productivity in tree communities of varied richness and functional diversity. We measured standing fine‐root biomass and annual fine‐root production across 41 assemblages of 12 tree species, representing both angiosperms and gymnosperms originating from North America and Europe. Increasing functional diversity of mixtures stimulated overyielding of annual production but did not affect standing biomass. In general, annual productivity of mixtures of species that were less productive in monoculture had neutral (angiosperms) to positive (North American species: +16%) responses to mixing, whereas annual productivity of mixtures of species that were more productive in monoculture had neutral (European species) to negative (gymnosperms: −6%) responses to mixing. These differences translated into angiosperm mixtures overyielding in standing biomass by 16% but no effects of mixing on gymnosperm mixtures. The trends we observed between North American and European species annual production were reversed when considering standing biomass. European mixtures had 14% more standing biomass and North American mixtures had 10% less standing biomass than expected from monocultures.

Our study offers a rare examination of the combined roles of origin and phylogeny in forest fine‐root productivity, and suggests varied consequences of biodiversity change for forest belowground productivity based on composition. In North America, belowground productivity of young forests composed of angiosperms and native tree species may be more tightly linked to diversity than that of forests dominated by gymnosperms or European species. This suggests that increased diversity may lead to the greatest enhancement of belowground productivity in native, North American forests dominated by angiosperms, but also that declines in diversity may be felt most strongly in these forests as well.
The right to a healthy environment and its justiciability before the Inter‐American Court of Human Rights: A critical appraisal of the Lhaka Honhat v Argentina judgement
Authors: Mejía‐Lemos Diego
Published: March 2022

The Inter‐American Court of Human Rights has recently changed its approach to the protection of environmental rights, which are now treated as autonomously and directly justiciable, thus without having to first establish a breach of any related civil or political rights. Lhaka Honhat v Argentina is the first contentious case the Court adjudicates based on the right to a healthy environment. The judgement issued in this case, and the opportunities and challenges presented by direct justiciability of environmental rights within the Inter‐American system, are critically appraised.
Outbreak of follicular conjunctivitis associated with the diagnosis of anaplasmosis in a sheep herd
Authors: Oliveira Paula M. , Ramos Dirceu G. S. , Saturnino Klaus C. , Amaral Andréia V. C.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To report an outbreak of follicular conjunctivitis in a group of sheep diagnosed with Anaplasma spp., without any other co‐infection.

Animals Studied

In all, 18 animals from a sheep head, males and females, from eight months to four years of age, were assessed for follicular conjunctivitis.

Procedures

The procedures performed included general physical and ophthalmological examinations; PCR evaluation for infectious agents; analysis of hematological parameters, microbiological tests of ocular swabs, coproparasitological examination, histopathological examination of conjunctival biopsy.

Results

All 18 animals had uni‐ or bilateral follicular conjunctivitis, and one animal also had unilateral uveitis. The results of microbiological analyzes were negative for Moraxella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp., and PCR analysis results were negative for Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Toxoplasma gondii. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, and an inclusion body in some erythrocytes, compatible with Anaplasma and PCR analysis for Anaplasma spp. were positive.

Conclusion

Anaplasmosis may be associated with follicular conjunctivitis in sheep and should be included in the differential diagnosis list and investigated in cases of conjunctivitis in herds.
Biodegradation of 3-Chloronitrobenzene and 3-Bromonitrobenzene by
Diaphorobacter
sp. Strain JS3051
Authors: Xu Zhi-Jing , Spain Jim C. , Zhou Ning-Yi , Li Tao
Published: March 2022

Halonitroaromatic compounds are persistent environmental contaminants, and some of them have been demonstrated to be degraded by bacteria. Natural isolates that degrade 3-chloronitrobenzene and 3-bromonitrobenzene have not been reported.
Online Strategies To Improve Quantitative Skills in Microbiology Laboratory Classes
Authors: Battistelli Joseph M. , Franklin Rima B.
Published: March 2022

Biology is an increasingly quantitative science. Thus, it is important that undergraduate biology curricula include frequent opportunities for students to practice their quantitative skills.
Targeting the Nucleosome Acidic Patch by Viral Proteins: Two Birds with One Stone?
Authors: Lagadec Floriane , Parissi Vincent , Lesbats Paul
Published: March 2022

The past decade illuminated the H2A-H2B acidic patch as a cornerstone for both nucleosome recognition and chromatin structure regulation. Higher-order folding of chromatin arrays is mediated by interactions of histone H4 tail with an adjacent nucleosome acidic patch.
Strain-Level Variation and Diverse Host Bacterial Responses in Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria
Authors: Nie Jie , Utter Daniel R. , Kerns Kristopher A. , Lamont Eleanor I. , Hendrickson Erik L. , Liu Jett , Wu Tingxi , He Xuesong , McLean Jeffrey , Bor Batbileg
Published: March 2022

Candidate phylum radiation (CPR) bacteria comprise a poorly understood phylum that is estimated to encompass ∼26% of all diversity of domain bacteria. Among CPR bacteria, the Saccharibacteria lineage (TM7) is of particular interest, as it is found in high abundance in the mammal microbiome and has been associated with oral disease.
Localized behaviour of fluidized subgrade soil subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Nguyen Thanh T. , Indraratna Buddhima , Leroueil Serge
Published: March 2022

Recent investigations have shown that under adverse cyclic triaxial loading, the upper part of soil specimens can turn into a fluid-like state with increased water content (i.e., fluidization), whereas the lower layers can maintain a relatively high stiffness. This paper aims to gain further insight into this behaviour by monitoring the development in excess pore water pressure (EPWP) at the top and bottom of the test specimens, followed by post-analysis of water content distribution along the specimen. The results show that the EPWP at the uppermost part of the specimen develops rapidly and approaches the zero-effective stress level, whereas the EPWP at the bottom part of the specimen tends to stabilize while undergoing densification. Accompanied with this process is a redistribution of the water content along the specimen height where the water content at the upper soil layer increases to approach the liquid limit while increasing the void ratio.
Synthetic Traffic Sign Image Generation Applying Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Dewi Christine , Chen Rung-Ching , Liu Yan-Ting
Published: March 2022

Recently, it was shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with suitably annotated training data and results produce the best traffic sign detection (TSD) and recognition (TSR). The whole system’s efficiency is determined by the data collecting process based on neural networks. As a result, the datasets for traffic signs in most nations throughout the globe are difficult to recognize because of their diversity. To address this problem, we must create a synthetic image to enhance our dataset. We apply deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) and Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (Wasserstein GAN, WGAN) to generate realistic and diverse additional training images to compensate for the original image distribution’s data shortage. This study focuses on the consistency of DCGAN and WGAN images created with varied settings. We utilize an actual picture with various numbers and scales for training. Additionally, the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and the Mean Square Error (MSE) were used to determine the image’s quality. In our study, we computed the SSIM values between pictures and their corresponding real images. When more training images are used, the images created have a significant degree of similarity to the original image. The results of our experiment reveal that the most leading SSIM values are achieved when 200 total images of [Formula: see text] pixels are utilized as input and the epoch is 2000.
Fatigue Failure Analysis of a Gear in Automobile Engine Coolant Pump
Authors: Krishnasamy Krishnakumar , Subbulekshmi D. , Deepa T. , Gnanasekaran B. M , Maridurai T. , Sriram M. , Kumar Srinivasan Suresh , Markos Mebratu
Published: March 2022

Gear is a reliable part of power transmission. This article presents a metallurgical failure analysis of a failed gear used in automobile engine coolant pumps. In gear, the soft microstructure of pearlite and ferrite is witnessed in metallographic analysis. Significant wear is perceived in gear teeth, and significant deformation is observed in the keyway. The crack initiated from the corner radius of the keyway and propagated towards to the root of the teeth, which is evidence of the failure due to fatigue. Recommendations are given to improve the fatigue strength of gear.
The Influence of Uncertain Loading on Topology-Optimized Designs
Authors: Hofer Philipp , Wehrle Erich
Published: March 2022

The design of structures using topology optimization can improve the structural performance and save material, in turn reducing costs. Using a framework of large-scale, three-dimensional topology optimization implemented by the authors in an open-source multiphysical software, we investigate the influence of uncertain loading on the optimized design. Direct differentiation is used to reveal the relationship between displacements and applied force, giving an efficient and effective tool to postprocess optimized topologies. The developed methodology for the assessment of the sensitivity with respect to applied forces is explored using two three-dimensional examples: the classic MBB cantilever and a cableway pylon. The advantages and limitations of this method are discussed.
Research on Vibration Characteristic Analysis of Magnetic Suspended Dual-Rotor System with Fixed-Point Rubbing
Authors: Wang Dongxiong , Yi Tao , Qin Xuan , Zhang Ju , Yin Changcheng , Wang Baohua
Published: March 2022

Due to the elimination of wear and lubrication system and effective solution to the vibration control issue, magnetic suspended dual-rotor system (MSDS) offers the possibility to significantly enhance the performance of aero-engines. However, research on MSDS vibration characteristics under fixed-point rubbing with the consideration of nonlinear support characteristics of active magnetic bearing (AMB) has rarely been addressed. In this research, an improved EF model of AMB is proposed by equivalent magnetic circuit method and verified by finite element model. Then, the Lankarani-Nikravesh model is employed to describe the impact force during rubbing process. On this basis, the rubbing dynamic model is established by finite element method and verified by comparing with the experimental results in literature. Finally, the MSDS vibration characteristics are explored, and some interesting phenomena are found. Fixed-point rubbing will cause abundant frequency components equally spaced around the combined frequency components of rotor rotational speeds at different frequency intervals. Due to the stimulation of the AMB nonlinear EF, the fractional frequency component of MSDS second-order critical speed emerges in a certain speed range and implies potential instability of the system, and the rotational speed corresponding to the initial appearance of this frequency component will decrease when fixed-point rubbing occurs. With the decrease of proportional coefficient and the increase of differential coefficient, the maximum normal impact force in the rubbing process decreases.
High-Sensitivity Troponin: A Review on Characteristics, Assessment, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Lazar Diana Raluca , Lazar Florin-Leontin , Homorodean Calin , Cainap Calin , Focsan Monica , Cainap Simona , Olinic Dan Mircea
Published: March 2022

The use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays has become part of the daily practice in most of the laboratories worldwide in the initial evaluation of the typical chest pain. Due to their early surge, the use of hs-cTn may reduce the time needed to recognise myocardial infarctions (MI), which is vital for the patients presenting in the emergency departments for chest pain. The latest European Society of Cardiology Guidelines did not only recognise their central role in the diagnosis algorithm but also recommended their use for rapid rule-in/rule-out of MI. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins are also powerful prognostic markers for long-term events and mortality, not only in a wide spectrum of other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but also in several non-CVD pathologies. Moreover, these biomarkers became a powerful tool in special populations, such as paediatric patients and, most recently, COVID-19 patients. Although highly investigated, the assessment and interpretation of the hs-cTn changes are still challenging in the patients with basal elevation such as CKD or critically ill patients. Moreover, there are still various analytical characteristics not completely understood, such as circadian or sex variability, with major clinical implications. In this context, the present review focuses on summarizing the most recent research in the current use of hs-cTn, with a main consideration for its role in the diagnosis of MI but also its prognostic value. We have also carefully selected the most important studies regarding the challenges faced by clinicians from different specialties in the correct interpretation of this biomarker. Moreover, future perspectives have been proposed and analysed, as more research and cross-disciplinary collaboration are necessary to improve their performance.
Characteristics of Pelvic Cytology in Patients with Gynecologic Malignancies: Comparison of Pre and Post-Neoadjuvant Specimens
Authors: Zakka Fouad R. , Beffa Lindsey , Banet Natalie
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The presence of tumor cells in pelvic cytology (PC) specimens can portend a worse outcome for patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. Primary debulking surgery (PDS) was a mainstay for most of these tumors; however, recent advances have triaged selected patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with interval debulking surgery (IDS). Reduction in tumor cellularity and histologic alterations has been noted in these cases; however, similar cytologic characterization has not been performed. Materials and Methods: PC was searched to find those in NACT patients. Additional PDS were included as controls. Cases were scored for cellularity of malignant cells and background components were described, and when available, pretreatment and posttreatment specimens from the same patients were compared. Results: In all, 19 specimens from 16 patients were found, 6 (32%) of which were paired PTS and IDS from the same patient. Only 6/19 (32%) were from IDS, the remainder PTS. A majority (15/19; 79%) of specimens were malignant; all negative cases were PTS. Few (4/16; 24%) were endometrial primaries; the remainder were pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma. No difference in tumor cell morphology or inflammatory component was noted between the 2 groups, though in 3/3 paired specimens from PDS and IDS, the cellularity of malignant cells decreased in the IDS specimens. Discussion/Conclusion: No identifiable trend was noted regarding cellularity of specimens in the pre compared to the post-neoadjuvant setting. A trend toward reduced cellularity was noted in individual patients, but no alteration in background cells or tumor morphology was noted.
Clinicopathological Spectrum of Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis without Evidence of Autoimmunity Disorders: A Retrospective Study from a Single Institute of China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yu Xiao-juan , An Chong-wen , Yong Zi-hao , Wang Su-xia , Zhou Fu-de , Zhao Ming-hui
Published: March 2022

Background: Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (Cryo-GN), caused by circulating cryoglobulins, has varied etiology and clinical-pathologic manifestations. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological spectrum and outcome of patients with various Cryo-GN in China. Methods: A retrospective review of 74 Chinese patients with biopsy-proven cryoglobulin-related renal lesions in Peking University First Hospital from 2010 to 2020 was performed. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 52.9 ± 15.0 years, and the female-to-male ratio was about 2/5. For the etiology screening, serum/urine monoclonal immunoglobulin could be detected on immunofixation electrophoresis in 34% of patients, including 6 patients who had hematological malignancies. Fifty-seven percent of patients had HBV infection, far more than HCV infection (5%). Ten percent of patients had other infections, and 27% of patients were classified as essential or idiopathic. Eleven out of the 15 patients with type II cryoglobulinemia had a consistent monotype of serum monoclonal immunoglobulins and monoclonal cryoprecipitate. The clinical manifestations were similar between various types of cryoglobulinemia. Hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, anemia, and chronic renal insufficiency were the most common features. Fifty-three percent of patients presented with nephrotic syndrome, and 32% experienced acute kidney injury. Hypocomplementemia, serum-positive rheumatoid factor activity, and skin lesions were reported in 45%, 29%, and 28% of patients, respectively. After a median of 24 months follow-up, 18 patients reached end-stage kidney disease. The clone-targeted treatment could retard the renal deterioration compared with immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions: This was the largest single-center, clinicopathological retrospective study of Cryo-GN in China. Our data strongly support the association between monoclonal gammopathy and type II Cryo-GN. The renal responsive rate of immunosuppressant therapy is still suboptimal. The clone-targeted treatment shows promising effects in patients with type I or II Cryo-GN.
Intraocular Lens and Lens Capsule Spread of Iridociliary Melanoma: Clinical and Histopathologic Features of 2 Cases
Authors: Azarcon Corrina P. , Wells Jill R. , Aaberg Thomas , Grossniklaus Hans E.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe 2 patients with intraocular lens (IOL) and lens capsule spread of iridociliary melanoma. Methods: Two pseudophakic patients with iridociliary body melanoma that spread onto the surface of their IOL and remaining lens capsule were included. Their eyes were enucleated and the histopathologic features were evaluated. Results: Case 1 was an 82-year-old woman with diffuse primary iridociliary melanoma affecting the iris, lens capsule, IOL surface, and ciliary body. Case 2 was a 68-year-old female who developed melanoma recurrence in the anterior segment after plaque brachytherapy for iridociliary melanoma. The melanoma in both cases grew as a pigmented membrane onto the surface of the IOL. Conclusions: IOL and lens capsule spread of iridociliary melanoma can occur primarily or develop secondarily after plaque brachytherapy of a pseudophakic eye. Since the extent of the melanoma may be uncertain and there is a high likelihood of glaucoma, enucleation is a reasonable option.
Taxonomy and Distribution of Trichoptera in El Harrach Wadi (Northcentral Algeria) with the First Record of Hydropsyche incognita in North Africa
Authors: KHETTAR SIHEM , HAOUCHINE-BOUZIDI NAWEL , KHERBOUCHE-ABROUS OURIDA , RADI NORA , ELALAMI MAJIDA , BELADJAL LYNDA
Published: March 2022

Data on the caddisfly fauna of Algeria are incomplete and the available information concerns only some regions. In the present contribution, new distribution data on Trichoptera in El Harrach Wadi are given. Sampling campaigns were conducted during 2010–2013 at 10 sampling sites where eleven species were collected as follows: Hydropsyche fezana Navás 1935, H. incognita Pitsch 1993, H. lobata McLachlan 1884, H. maroccana Navás 1936, H. obscura Navás 1928, H. resmineda Malicky 1977, Hydropsyche sp., Cheumatopsyche sp., Diplectrona sp., Oxyethira sp., and Rhyacophila munda McLachlan 1862. The record of H. incognita Pitsch 1993a is new for Algeria and the Maghreb.
Loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity disrupts adipocyte differentiation and induces insulin-resistant lipoatrophic diabetes
Authors: Gautheron Jérémie , Lima Lara , Akinci Baris , Zammouri Jamila , Auclair Martine , Ucar Sema Kalkan , Ozen Samim , Altay Canan , Bax Bridget E. , Nemazanyy Ivan , Lenoir Véronique , Prip-Buus Carina , Acquaviva-Bourdain Cécile , Lascols Olivier , Fève Bruno , Vigouroux Corinne , Noel Esther , Jéru Isabelle
Published: March 2022

Background

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), encoded by the TYMP gene, is a cytosolic enzyme essential for the nucleotide salvage pathway. TP catalyzes the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides, thymidine and 2′-deoxyuridine, to thymine and uracil. Biallelic TYMP variants are responsible for Mitochondrial NeuroGastroIntestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized in most patients by gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, ultimately leading to death. Studies on the impact of TYMP variants in cellular systems with relevance to the organs affected in MNGIE are still scarce and the role of TP in adipose tissue remains unexplored.

Methods

Deep phenotyping was performed in three patients from two families carrying homozygous TYMP variants and presenting with lipoatrophic diabetes. The impact of the loss of TP expression was evaluated using a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TP knockout (KO) strategy in human adipose stem cells (ASC), which can be differentiated into adipocytes in vitro. Protein expression profiles and cellular characteristics were investigated in this KO model.

Results

All patients had TYMP loss-of-function variants and first presented with generalized loss of adipose tissue and insulin-resistant diabetes. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TP KO in ASC abolished adipocyte differentiation and decreased insulin response, consistent with the patients’ phenotype. This KO also induced major oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial functions, and promoted cellular senescence. This translational study identifies a new role of TP by demonstrating its key regulatory functions in adipose tissue.

Conclusions

The implication of TP variants in atypical forms of monogenic diabetes shows that genetic diagnosis of lipodystrophic syndromes should include TYMP analysis. The fact that TP is crucial for adipocyte differentiation and function through the control of mitochondrial homeostasis highlights the importance of mitochondria in adipose tissue biology.
An unexpected case of Borrelia garinii liver infection
Authors: Duffau Pierre , Korbi Skander , Guillotin Vivien , Talagrand-Reboul Emilie , Ménard Armelle , Peuchant Olivia
Published: March 2022

Background

Lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent arthropod-borne infection in the Northern Hemisphere. In Europe, Borrelia afzelii is predominantly involved in cutaneous manifestations, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia bavariensis in neurological manifestations, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in articular ones. Liver impairement is not classical in Lyme borreliosis. Diagnosis is currently mainly based on serological testing, and is challenging in immunocompromised patients.

Case presentation

We report the first case of B. garinii infection revealed by liver involvement in an immunocompromised man. A 73-year-old man with marginal zone lymphoma, treated with bendamustine and rituximab, developed intermittent fever and inflammatory syndrome. Microbial investigations were all negative and FDG-PET showed complete remission of the lymphoma. Three months later, liver biopsy was performed and histology revealed spirochetes-like bacteria. Microbial diagnosis was performed by 16S rDNA sequencing, flagellin (flaB) gene sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing and identified B. garinii. The patient recovered successfully after a three weeks course of antibiotics. Diagnosis was challenging because Borrelia hepatic involvement is unusual and no erythema migrans nor tick bite were notified.

Conclusion

This case highlights that unexplained fever and inflammatory syndrome in immunocompromised patients warrants specific investigations to identify bacteria such as spirochetes.
Feasibility of the wingate anaerobic exercise test as a clinical measure in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Dover Saunya , Stephens Samantha , Clairman Hayyah , Abesamis Andrew , Jazi Omidali Aghababaei , Babij Stephanie , Marcuz Jo-Anne , Naraidoo Natasha , Pan Jing , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Rumsey Dax , Whitney Kristi , Feldman Brian M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Core sets, while widely adopted for clinical assessment in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), have some drawbacks – they are time consuming, were developed primarily for research, and require an experienced multidisciplinary team. We propose the Wingate Anaerobic Test, a 30-s all out test performed on a cycle ergometer, as a potential alternative; it is valid and reliable in this patient population. We aimed to determine the feasibility of performing the Wingate test as part of a typical clinic visit, and to determine if it is correlated to current measures of disease activity.

Methods

Patients 5–18 years of age, with JDM, were recruited from the JDM clinic at a large Canadian academic children’s hospital. Participants underwent a standard clinic assessment, then completed a Wingate test at the end of the visit.

Results

Twenty-six patients participated in the study, representing a recruitment rate of 81%; of those, 88% were able to complete the Wingate test. Patients liked the Wingate test and felt it should be included as a regular clinic test. Absolute peak power (watts) on the Wingate test was strongly correlated to the manual muscle test (MMT-8) and the timed squat test. Relative peak power (watts/kg) on the Wingate test was strongly correlated to the timed squat test and the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS). Exploratory principal components analysis revealed that Wingate relative average power explained almost 2/3 of the variance of the CMAS, MMT and timed squats combined.

Conclusion

The Wingate test is a feasible test for children with JDM and correlates well with standard clinical assessments. Given its brevity, it has the potential to replace more standard measures of physical function currently used in clinical assessments for children with JDM. Future work should focus on how best to operationalize Wingate testing in clinic without the use of dedicated personnel.