bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Signaling Functions of Plasmalogens in the Norm and in Various Diseases
Authors: Kytikova Oxana Yu. , Novgorodceva Tatyana P. , Denisenko Yulia K.
Published: July 2023

Plasmalogens (PL) are alkenyl ether glycerophospholipids that perform many physiologically important functions in the body and have a variety of properties. The role of PLs as endogenous antioxidants is well studied, as well as PLs that determine the physicochemical properties of biomembranes, deposit polyunsaturated fatty acids, participate in cholesterol biosynthesis, the process of ferroptosis and adaptation of cells to hypoxia, are sources for the synthesis of platelet activating factor and act as its antagonists. At the same time, LPs are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, inflammatory, oncological diseases and a number of other pathologies. These conditions are united by the development of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, accompanied by a change in the activity of synthesis and the content of PL in cells. Despite the fact that PL replacement therapy inhibits inflammation, the molecular mechanisms of the association of PL with inflammation have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest literature data on the structure, biosynthesis, and functions of PL, their relationship with signaling cascades involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and neuroinflammatory diseases, as well as to show current achievements and future prospects for the use of PL in the treatment of certain diseases.
Medical Statistics in Pre-Reform Russia: Intentions, Degree оf Reliability, Informative Value
Authors: Vishlenkova Elena , Zatravkin Sergei
Published: July 2023

The authors explain the source peculiarity of medical statistics in Russia between the eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries and identify the possibilities and limitations of its use for studying social history and the history of science. The features of the quantitative evidence at that time – them being fragmented, heterogeneous, and expressed in absolute numbers – prompted the authors to turn to the history of the organization of statistical studies in the Russian Empire. The estimation of information value and the discursive nature of health and morbidity statistics were performed based on the analysis of administrative documents (Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov – Complete Collection of Laws, ministerial prescriptions), accounts of medical administrations, uyezd doctors, and medical professors (military-historical and historical archives of Astrakhan, Moscow, Riga, and Vilnius). Based on the presumption that target setting, i. e. the purpose of quantitative indicators, determined the organization of the collection and processing of the data on morbidity, and they, in turn, determined the content of statistical knowledge, the authors reveal the possibilities of the health statistics of the time in question. This approach makes it possible to determine what can and what cannot be judged based on statistical data on health, general and infectious diseases. The authors conclude that medical statistics of that time describe the pathogenicity of landscapes and the state of public healthcare, but not the state of the residents’ health. Medical officials collected data on sick patients, distributed them by disease, and calculated how many lives each disease claimed. Although state doctors were not interested in healthy patients, the enlightened bureaucracy claimed that by doing so, the government was studying and preserving “public health.” The digital indicators collected do not make it possible to scrutinize the citizens’ health of the Russian Empire. But then the changes in the principles of collecting statistical data, their processing, and their use allow researchers to follow the process of the Russian state’s modernization. The participation of doctors in the collection of data on morbidity has two long-term consequences – the formation of aggregated thinking, which included the concept of “public health”, and the growing interest in the daily lives of Russians.
Brazilian laboratory rats and mice: decades pass, but parasite infections remain
Authors: Pedro Desenir Adriano , Barreto Maria Lucia , Castro Helena Carla
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: Rats and mice are the most used experimental models in research. Globally, animal houses are subjected to parasite outbreaks. In Brazil, the parasitological profile is used to reflect the sanitary condition of laboratory animals and must be monitored frequently. The present study developed an integrative review of scientific studies on the parasitological profile of rats and mice in animal facilities in Brazil. It identified the most prevalent parasite species reported in animal facilities from different geographic regions of the country, as well as factors contributing to the perpetuation of these parasites, and proposed measures to help prevent such infections. Based on the guiding question “which endoparasites and ectoparasites have already been identified in rat and mouse colonies in animal facilities in Brazil?” and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 studies published between 1974 and 2021 were selected in four scientific bases. These studies covered facilities in 12 Brazilian States, describing 16 genera of parasites in mice and 18 in rats. Most of the facilities in the selected studies were of the conventional type and with few sanitary barriers, and these conditions may favor the recurrence of parasites. Efforts are, therefore, necessary for institutions to have animal facilities in accordance with the legislation and practice optimal methodologies. The measures proposed in this article can contribute to change the panorama of parasites in the national animal facilities, aiming to safeguard the quality of scientific data and animal welfare.
EFFECT OF pH ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF WOOD VINEGAR (PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT) FROM EUCALYPTUS
Authors: Gama Gil Sander Próspero , Pimenta Alexandre Santos , Feijó Francisco Marlon Carneiro , Santos Caio Sérgio dos , Castro Renato Vinicius de Oliveira , Azevedo Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de , Medeiros Lúcio César Dantas de
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the effect of progressive neutralization on the antimicrobial properties against bacteria and yeasts of wood vinegar obtained from the pyrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone I144) wood. Wood samples were carbonized at a heating rate of 0.9 °C min-1 until a final temperature of 450 °C, totalizing 8 hours of carbonization. The raw pyrolysis liquids were left to settle, and the aqueous fraction was separated. Then, the aqueous fraction (raw wood vinegar - WV) was purified to yield the WV. WV samples were collected and neutralized from pH 2.5 until 7.5 (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5, by adding NaOH solution. Through the broth microdilution method, the antimicrobial effect of the neutralized samples at each pH was assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus agalactiae (CEPA CLINICA), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (and fungicidal) concentrations were determined through in vitro technics. Results were subjected to logarithmic regression analysis, and statistical models were fitted for each microorganism in the assessed pH range; as pH increased, a progressive decrease in the CIM increased, demanding higher concentrations of WV to inhibit microbial growth. The more resistant strains were S. aureus and S. agalactiae, which required an increase in WV concentration from a minimum of 6.25% at pH 2.5 to reaching 50% at pH 6.0. When at pH 7.0, both strains were not inhibited even at 50% (the highest concentration evaluated in the study). In contrast, C. albicans proved to be the most sensitive strain, starting from 3.12% EP at pH 2.5 and requiring only 25% for inhibition at pH 7.0. The behavior of P. aeruginosa and S. enteritidis followed the pattern of C. albicans, differing only at pH 7.0, where they required 50% of EP. As observed, even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, the inhibitory activity of EP on microbial growth was maintained to some extent. Nevertheless, even when neutral and slightly alkaline pH values are reached, the inhibitory activity remains at a certain level. Higher pH values of the WV were associated with lower antimicrobial activity. However, its activity remained even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH values.
ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF REGULATIONS GOVERNING FIRE AND CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF PROTECTED OBJECTS
Authors: Bakirov Irek K. , Khafizov Fanil Sh. , Sadykova Alina M. , Sadykov Albert I.
Published: July 2023

Ensuring fire safety is one of the main directions in the field of environmental protection and ecology. In the course of the work, the data of the Center for Fire Statistics of the International Association of Fire and Rescue Services on the total number of fires and on the objects of their occurrence were used to find dependencies and root causes of disasters from 2017 to 2021, an analysis of the activities of fire supervision was also carried out and problems and imperfections in them. The result of the work is a formed list of procedures to eliminate the identified shortcomings of the existing fire safety system, which can have a proper impact on the result of the fire safety of citizens and thereby reduce the number of victims from fires.
Gestión del talento humano y calidad de la educación híbrida en la Educación Básica Regular peruana
Authors: Rodriguez Toribio Miriam Paola , Perla Ramos Denisse Geraldine , Rodriguez Toribio Rocio Lina , Aliaga Marmolejo Moraima Úrsula , Sánchez Díaz Sebastián
Published: July 2023

Este estudio centró su objetivo en establecer la relación entre la gestión del talento humano y la calidad de la educación híbrida en la Educación Básica Regular peruana. Como parte de la metodología, se siguió un diseño observacional, correlacional de tipo básico. El cuestionario fue aplicado a 328 docentes de primaria de cuatro instituciones educativas de San Juan de Lurigancho. Los resultados mostraron que un 37.80% de los encuestados obtuvo un nivel bajo en la gestión de personal docente, por la presencia de procesos inadecuados referidos a la selección, falta de programas para afianzar las competencias pedagógicas e ineficaces mecanismos para reconocer la labor que ejecuta el docente. De igual manera, el 43.30% de los docentes presentó en un nivel regular en la calidad educativa que evidenciaba una implementación inadecuada referente a los recursos tecnológicos empleadas en la educación y la falta de colaboración para que se logren alcanzar las metas en la institución. En tal forma, existe una influencia directa entre ambas variables con un valor de Spearman de 0.912. Por tanto, se concluyó que, desarrollar un eficiente proceso de selección, inducción, capacitación y entrega de incentivos propicia un servicio educativo conforme a lo exigido.
Eficacia del desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en optativas de humanidades en instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Zakhozhai Zoreslava , Boichenko Taras , Vysotska Zoriana , Snitovska Olha , Tamarkina Olha
Published: July 2023

El objetivo del artículo fue comprobar la eficacia de las condiciones pedagógicas de las materias electivas de humanidades en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes. El modelo I-E-O de Astin se utilizó para el método de revisión por pares, y el coeficiente de determinación se empleó para la regresión múltiple. Los estudiantes que estudiaron las asignaturas optativas de humanidades tenían una comprensión más profunda de su propio pensamiento crítico. Los resultados del análisis de regresión mostraron que el nivel de desarrollo del pensamiento crítico cambia sin controlar los métodos de enseñanza y las características de los estudiantes. Las correlaciones entre el estilo de enseñanza activo y las competencias profesionales fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas, mientras que la correlación entre los estilos docentes y las competencias profesionales fue negativa y estadísticamente significativa. El coeficiente de determinación del modelo propuesto fue de 0,2. Los resultados obtenidos del estudio permitieron extraer una conclusión inequívoca sobre la efectividad de las condiciones pedagógicas de las optativas en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior (IES). Futuras investigaciones deben tener como objetivo encontrar las condiciones óptimas para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en las instituciones de educación superior.
La educación comparada en la historia del tiempo presente
Authors: Jiménez Absalón
Published: July 2023

La educación comparada, desde sus orígenes en el siglo XIX, se ha movido bajo el principio de transferencia de experiencias educativas de un país a otro. Sin embargo, es desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX a la actualidad —cuando se universaliza el derecho a la educación— que ha tenido mayor auge y vigencia en la educación latinoamericana. El interés del presente texto es ubicar buena parte de sus discusiones y posibles temas en el marco de la historia del tiempo presente mediada por una particular temporalidad, acompañada de la tecnología digital y la globalización cultural.
Wskazówki dla piszących prace dyplomowe
Authors: Sydor Maciej
Published: July 2023

Prezentowany tu zbiór rad i zaleceń jest zestawieniem powtarzanych przeze mnie przez wiele lat kolejnym moim dyplomantom tych samych uwag na temat redakcji prac, wzbogaconych o wnioski z lektury prac dyplomowych weryfikowanych przeze mnie za pomocą systemu antyplagiatowego wdrożonego w naszej Uczelni. Jako opiekun prac dyplomowych oraz jako wydziałowy użytkownik systemu plagiat.pl w ciągu ostatnich lat miałem okazję przejrzeć, i w dużej części „służbowo” przeczytać, kilkadziesiąt prac dyplomowych przedkładanych do obrony na naszym Wydziale. Niestety, kilka z nich byłem zmuszony zakwestionować z powodu nadużyć prawa do cytatu. W moim przekonaniu większość znajdujących się w nich naruszeń praw autorskich wynikała nie ze złej woli, ale ze zwykłej niewiedzy ich autorów. Twórcy niektórych prac nie wiedzieli, jak oznaczać dosłowny cytat, nie wiedzieli również, że nie mogą kompilować wielu stron tekstu wyłącznie z cytatów różnych autorów. Lekturę wielu prac utrudniały mi opisane w rozdziale piątym „złe praktyki”, a wśród nich zwłaszcza niedbalstwo merytoryczno-typograficzne przy redagowaniu odsyłaczy bibliograficznych do cytowanej literatury.
Experiências de luto parental após um natimorto: uma síntese temática no contexto da América Latina
Authors: Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Macêdo Natália Rodrigues , Santos Aline Karoline Silva , Lucca Milena de , DeMontigny Francine , Rocha Silvana Santiago da , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: sintetizar estudos qualitativos sobre as experiências de luto após um natimorto em pais que vivem na América Latina. Método: revisão sistemática qualitativa realizada em quatro bases de dados eletrônica e que utilizou o Guideline Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada usando o Critical Appraisal Skills Programme e uma síntese temática foi realizada. Resultados: Um total de 110 estudos foram encontrados e quatro estudos eleitos com base nos critérios de elegibilidade. Quatro temas apresentam a experiência de luto parental: impacto, sofrimento e transformação após a morte fetal; preocupação com o corpo do bebê falecido; insatisfação com a qualidade da assistência em saúde; e família e religião como principais fontes de apoio. Conclusão: A natimortalidade na América Latina precisa ser explorado em pesquisas futuras e ainda é marcada pela desassistência no processo de luto.
HUMANITARIAN FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONTENT OF EDUCATION AT RIGA CLASSICAL GYMNASIUM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE “EUROPEAN DIMENSION IN EDUCATION”
Authors: Aliyev Roman , Chehlova Zoja , Chehlov Mikhail , Keviša Ingrīda
Published: July 2023

In the 21st century, humankind has realised that the future of civilization is related to the development of education. A person capable of acquiring knowledge and applying it creatively, as well as being able to participate in the process of creating and using new knowledge, can only be prepared by an effective future-oriented system of education.  Novelty of the research refers to the development of the structure of the content of education in the gymnasium as the relationship between didactics (knowledge and skills) and culture.  Culture is viewed as the interconnection of three cultures: social experience (universal human values), the culture of a student, and the culture of a teacher.  Research problem is the determination of the essence and structure of the content of education in the gymnasium in accordance with the new humanitarian paradigm of education as the relationship between didactics and culture, the basis for the development of student’s personality. The aim of the research is to analyse the humanitarian foundations of the content of education in the gymnasium in the context of the “European dimension in education”. The research method is theoretical analysis. The results of the research are as follows: the humanitarian foundations of the content of education in the gymnasium have been determined; the essence and structure of the content of education have been elaborated. On this basis, an effective system of profile education has been created for the development of student’s personality as a future professional and a European citizen having moral values.  The present study leads to the conclusion that the humanitarian foundations in the content of education correspond to the “European dimension in education”.
FORMATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS' VALUE ATTITUDE TO THE TEACHING PROFESSION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Nevmerzhytska Olena , Pahuta Myroslav , Chubinska Nataliya , Hevko Oksana , Hamerska Iryna
Published: July 2023

Pedagogical education determines the quality of professional training of specialists in all spheres of functioning of society and the state, which therefore contributes to their stability and development. In this regard, serious requirements are put forward to the personality of a modern teacher. However, the training of a teacher with an innovative type of thinking, ready for self-improvement throughout life, faces a number of problems: organizational, content, financial, etc. The development of modern pedagogical education is greatly influenced by informatization and the development of an open society, the development of civil society, the need to form a new cultural type of personality, etc. High requirements for the training of future teachers in modern conditions are in conflict with the falling prestige of this profession. In modern Ukrainian society the pedagogical profession is usually highly appreciated at the scientific and theoretical level, as well as at the declarative state level. However, despite this, in practice this assessment in terms of salary and working conditions is low. After all, the assessment of teachers by themselves as well as parents is not very high. The survey of future teachers (n=102) also confirmed this tendency. This circumstance actualizes the search for ways to form future teachers' value attitude to the teaching profession. Value attitude is the subject's internal acceptance of an object as a value. The value attitude to the pedagogical profession is represented by the unity of three components: cognitive, emotional and functional. In order to form in the mind of future teachers a value attitude to the teaching profession in the educational process of a higher education institution, a system was created in which the emphasis was placed on the formation of motivation for professional activity, modeling and solving professional and pedagogical tasks, as well as the permanent involvement of students in practical activities. The implemented pedagogical experiment proved the effectiveness of such a system.
PECULIARITIES OF EDUCATION OF GIFTED STUDENTS IN GYMNASIUM: VIEWS OF LITHUANIAN AND UKRAINIAN TEACHERS
Authors: Braslauskiene Rasa , Jacynė Reda , Kupriene Laima , Ponamorenko Marina
Published: July 2023

Identifying gifted children and teenagers and their educational needs is one of the most relevant psychological and pedagogical problems, which is currently of great interest worldwide. Recognizing person's talents in education does not create added value by itself, the design of the educational process and the progress of the person's maturity related to diagnostics is much more valuable. The article analyzes how to educate gifted children, how different trends in the education of gifted children are developed, and what means are used to achieve affordable, high quality, modern education that meets the needs of a free civil society. The aim of the qualitative research was to reveal the views of Lithuanian and Ukrainian teachers about the peculiarities of the education of gifted students in gymnasiums. The data obtained during the research in identifying gifted students, the peculiarities of the education of these students and the effectiveness of educational tools revealed the educational difficulties faced by teachers and the opportunities for improving the education of gifted students in gymnasium. A qualitative study of teachers' views revealed that the identification of gifted students in the gymnasiums of both countries takes place when teachers pay attention to such student traits as creativity, critical thinking, etc.; teachers of both countries apply additional and individualized teaching methods when working with gifted students. The findings of the study revealed teachers' views about the effectiveness of educational methods of gifted students, the difficulties of educating gifted students, and provided practice-based suggestions for pedagogues who educate gifted students.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS USING ICT IN LEARNING AND TEACHING MATHEMATICS
Authors: Takahashi Arita
Published: July 2023

This study questions attitudes of students and mathematics teachers towards using ICT in state schools of Latvia. The author has been using Latvian education portal “uzdevumi.lv” in teaching of mathematics for several years and has observed a very wide acceptance of this learning tool both among children and teachers. On the other hand, there have been certain obstacles to apply this and other ICTs more widely. Other sites, such as “Geogebra” and “Brilliant” have been used by schools abroad. The author observes that the things that prevent schools from using such sites to a large degree depend not only from the availability of computers at school, but also from students and teachers attitudes towards using ICT in mathematics learning and teaching.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER-BASED DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: CASE STUDY OF EQUIVALENCE OF PAPER-AND-PENCIL AND COMPUTER-BASED TESTING
Authors: Burgmanis Ģirts , Mikīte Marta , France Ilze , Namsone Dace
Published: July 2023

In the last two decades computer-based assessment has become an important part in support of teaching and learning. It is seen as a solution to implement assessment for learning in school and provide immediate feedback on students’ performance in real-time. Research literature on computer-based assessment suggests that every measurement instrument developer before implementation of a test has to provide evidence that computer-based and paper-based versions are equivalent and provide consistent measures. There is a risk that properties of computer-based assessment including unfamiliarity with the system and proficiency level of digital skills can seriously affect students’ performance. This paper focuses on computer-based diagnostic assessment system designed to support numeracy and literacy teaching and learning. The aim of this study is to confirm that literacy and numeracy learning measurement instruments elaborated in diagnostic assessment system provide consistent results as paper-based versions of both instruments. Data were collected administering four tests. Two of the assessments were computer-based literacy and numeracy diagnostic assessments and two were paper-based versions. By analyzing both versions of assessments using various statistical techniques we explore differences in students’ performance. Our results showed that at this development phase of the computer-based diagnostic assessment system the students who completed computer-based test versions showed similar or better performance than their counterparts who completed paper-based versions.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL IDEAS OF MYKOLA SHLEMKEVICH AS THE FUNDAMENTAL SUBSTITUTE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF UKRAINIANS
Authors: Skotna Nadia , Ashytok Nadiya , Hirnyak Svitlana , Kutnyak Ivan , Yatsiv Oksana , Klym Maryana
Published: July 2023

The events of the last decade (the Orange Revolution, the Revolution of Dignity, the Russian-Ukrainian war) actualized the problem of the formation of the national self-awareness of Ukrainians. This process has accelerated significantly and acquired more expressive outlines. Therefore, in response to modern challenges, pedagogues intensified the research of the specified problem, based not only on the latest achievements of the human sciences, but also referring to historical experience. Based on the analysis of the Mykola Shlemkevych’ works (Shlemkevych, 1956; Shlemkevych, 1958; Shlemkevych, 1961; Shlemkevych, 1962; Shlemkevych, 1992a; Shlemkevych, 1992b), the article deals with his anthropological ideas, substantiates the fundamental basis of the formation of the national consciousness of Ukrainians, defines ideas related to the idea of a person as a bearer of good and evil. In the formation of national consciousness, anthropological ideas are taken into account, that form the basis of this formation. It is about the humanistic principles of the formation of the national consciousness of Ukrainians, which determine the reliance on spiritual and moral values. Mykola Shlemkevych paid great attention to anthropological ideas related to the national consciousness of Ukrainians. Emphasis on the ideals of good in the mind of a person does not mean the absence of evil intentions. However, he always insisted on the need to forgive people for their sins, which accompany the defense of their national interests and the protection of national rights. Today, it seems extremely important to read the anthropological views of the teacher from the standpoint of today, which has become the goal of scientific research. As a result of the conducted research, we have come to the conclusion about the need for methodological substantiation and rethinking of the anthropological ideas of scientists P. Yurkevych (1999), K. Ushynskyi (1954), O. Vyshnevskyi (1996), etc., the need to build an educational paradigm based on anthropocentrism, democracy, humanism, determinism, it is defined the fundamental foundation of Ukrainian pedagogy as the reliance on theoretical and applied concepts of world and Ukrainian pedagogical thought.
CREATING A PROTOTYPE OF AN INTERACTIVE LEARNING GAME IN MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY
Authors: Koka Rudīte , Šķipars Vilnis , Šukele Renāte , Kroiča Juta
Published: July 2023

At the beginning of medical studies at Rīga Stradiņš University (RSU), students’ knowledge and skills differ widely. In the first semester, students must take a course, “Molecular and Cell Biology.” In many cases, problems in students’ abilities to absorb new information of this new, specific nature are evident. The reason for this is insufficient prior preparation. On average, 3-4 % of students failed this course each academic year. After focus group discussions and interviews with colleagues and leading specialists in information technologies, we concluded the need to create an interactive and pedagogically correct tool for improving students` competence in molecular and cell biology; one such tool could be an interactive learning game. This article describes the process of creating a learning game prototype in molecular and cellular biology. With the help of selected RSU students, a prototype was created. The involvement of students proved beneficial for them (improving understanding of the topics) and for us (clarifying students’ preferences for the game’s design).The learning game was tested with a target group (1st-semester students from the Medicine and Dentistry faculties of RSU). Initial feedback from the students and teachers certifies that this example is an opportunity to provide a desired, low-stress self-paced learning resource.
POSSIBILITIES OF INCLUSION OF NEWCOMERS IN GENERAL SCHOOLS OF LATVIA
Authors: Danilāne Liga , Danilāne Lauma
Published: July 2023

At the time when Russia is conducting military operations in Ukraine, Latvia provides all possible political, financial, military and humanitarian support to Ukraine, including hosting Ukrainian residents fleeing the war in Latvia. Education plays a vital role in the economic, social and cultural integration of migrants and refugees in the host country. Education is a key tool for transitioning from humanitarian to development and integrating those granted asylum into society.  The aim of study: to study the possibilities and threats of inclusion of newcomers in general education schools and to analyze the experience of students included in general education schools of the city of Rēzekne and Rēzekne district.
FORMS OF THE DIFFERENTIATION OF WORK WITH TEXTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Shevchuk Larysa
Published: July 2023

This article justifies the importance and relevance of the use of differentiated work with texts starting with primary school. Results of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, modern teaching practice on the reflection of the issue of using various forms and kinds of differentiation are described. It is underlined that differentiation of learning is based on discovering and reckoning with the individual characteristics of students and their differences. Individualization of teaching is interpreted as the highest stage of differentiation. Described ways and kinds of differentiation are the most adequate for the effective differentiated work with texts. Such criteria as the level of a student’s autonomy in completing tasks and the complexity of an educational work are at the heart of this classification. Varying levels of autonomy in educational work are ensured by joint completion of tasks, independent work, playing the role of a consultant. The difficulty of tasks is provided by various ways of formulating tasks and the variation in their content. One more regulator of the tasks’ difficulty is the volume and the level of difficulty of texts. As a result of effectiveness checks of the use of aforementioned forms and ways of differentiation of primary school students with educational texts significant positive effect was found.
TEACHER`S SOCIAL EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND RESILIENCE IN SLOVAKIA AND LATVIA DURING DISTANCE LEARNING SITUATION
Authors: Gajdošova Eva , Svence Guna
Published: July 2023

The article brings the research results of the teachers´ social-emotional health and resilience in Slovak Republic and in Latvia during distance learning situation. The sample consisted of 800 teachers, 400 teachers from each country, who completed Social-Emotional Health Survey-Teachers (SEHS-T) and Resilience Scale (RS) during months of May through July 2021. The research results showed the highest covitality level of Slovak teachers in comparison with Latvian teachers (p ˂.001, r = .36). There was found a big difference in covitality  in the clue domain Belief in Self in favour of Slovak teachers (p ˂.001; r = .44), there were only average differences in other domains - Belief in Others, Emotional Competence, Engaged Living. Latvian teachers reached high scores in cognitive reappraisal and optimism (p ˂.001). There was statistical difference in the level of resilience between Slovak and Latvian samples (p ˂.001; r = .35).  Slovak teachers scored higher. But the teacher’s resilience in both countries had moderate level. Significant positive strong correlation was found between resilience and covitality in Slovak teachers rs = .76** and in Latvian teachers rs = .66**. Significant high and moderate positive correlations were found also between resilience and covitality domains.
AGRARIAN REFORM AND CHANGES IN THE CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE OF RURAL LATGALE IN 1920S AND 1930S
Authors: Malahovskis Vladislavs
Published: July 2023

In the 20th century, Latvia underwent several rapid rearrangements of social and economic system. One of them were the Latvian Agrarian Reform (1920–1937) due to the implementation of which also the Latgalian rural cultural heritage landscape changed. In Latgale, there were established farmsteads instead of compactly inhabited locations (villages, in Latvian – sādžas). The rural landscape of Latgale became similar to rural landscape in other regions of Latvia. The aim of the article is, studying the economic and social aspects of life in Latgalian villages, to find out the outcomes of dividing villages into farmsteads during the Latvian Agrarian Reform, their influence on changes in the Latgalian rural cultural heritage landscape.
WEB APPLICATION METHOD "3D EMOTION COMPOSITION IN SUPERVISION" APPROBATION
Authors: Lillā Marta , Millere Laura , Paiča Inese
Published: July 2023

The global pandemic has accelerated the development of the digital environment, face-to-face work is transferred online, so it is important to create tools adapted to the digital environment. The emergency of Covid-19 has raised the demand for online supervision. In supervision sessions, it is important to talk about experiencing emotions in a professional environment. Latvia lacks digital methods for working with emotions in supervision. The aim of the study was to adapt the 3DEC method, to create it as a web application for use in remote supervision and to approbate the web application "3D emotion composition in supervision" in individual online supervisions. The original method 3DEC is intended for the evaluation of emotional experience in the practice of art therapists (Lejstrauta, 2021; Vanadziņa, 2021). The theoretical basis of the 3DEC method is integrative and includes the following principles: visual representation of emotions in a visible symbolic form; play and play space (Winnicot, 2007); distancing as one of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Powers LaBar, 2019). 3DEC is also based on the Adaptive Coping with Emotions Model (ACE Model) (Berking Whitley, 2014). The adapted method “3D composition of emotions in supervision” (3DECS) is intended for work in online supervision with the aim to promote awareness of emotions, their understanding and self–reflection. Using distancing and view of other perspectives, the method helps the client to reflect and become aware of emotional experiences, as well as provides an educational function about the meaning of emotions. The 3DECS method develops emotional awareness and adaptive emotion regulation skills. Main results: 1) the web application has been tested and is designed to work with emotions in supervision; 2) the data of the approbation stage show that the web application is sufficiently simple and intuitive; 3) the web application is secure because no information about the customer and the customer's actions in the tool is stored; 4) there are no restrictions on the use of the web application in relation to the duration of the cooperation between the supervisor and the supervision client.
VISUAL SEMIOTICS IN THE STUDY OF ART PHENOMENA: SYMBOL AND SYMPTOM
Authors: Senkāne Olga , Laganovska Karīne
Published: July 2023

The study aims to use the approach of visual semiotics to analyse the ritual  graphic signs of the Rezekne Jewish cemetery as a segment of the city in terms of "signifier" and "signified", or “expression” and “content”. The Star of David, as the dominant sign of the ritual graphics, is gradually losing the status of a sacred symbol and in a series of tombstones confirms the structure of a symptom. The paper is devoted not only to clarifying the cultural and social causes of such changes but also to the study of the mechanism of mutual transitions between symbols and symptoms, the differences in the coding of these types of signs, which has not been done in visual semiotics so far.Theoreticians have hitherto not paid due attention to the study of signs of graves as a segment of the urban environment. Moreover, the theory of visual semiotics also lacks a description of the specificity of signs in ritual graphics. Ritual graphics is an important indicator of the regularity of cultural processes in an ethnically diverse environment. When surveying the Jewish cemeteries of the Latgale region, the difference in the choice of visual graphics in the city and the countryside is obvious. In rural cemeteries that are still in use, the content and structure of verbal messages, as well as decorative graphics are traditional, therefore predictable. In city cemeteries, there is a change in graphics, deviations from tradition, its modification and obvious violations of tradition. Along with the verbal report about the deceased, the ritual graphic, on the one hand, complements it as an integral part, on the other hand, lives an independent life, because the first, and the only sign that the observer notices is the visual or non-verbal sign. In terms of information, the visual sign is noticeably more capacious, as it is older than the verbal and requires much less time for perception. The focus of the study is the divergence between the meanings of the sacred hexagram and the secular yellow star or “badge”, the causal relationships of their use and perception from the point of view of visual semiotics and cultural philosophy - phenomena of symbolization and desymbolization.
PEDAGOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR SUPPORTING STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Jurs Pāvels , Ročāne Maija , Ekša Liene
Published: July 2023

Responsibility for the inclusion of students with different learning needs in society should be shared equally by all: teachers, parents, education policy makers, local and national authorities, etc. It is not and should not be the sole responsibility of the educational institution, teachers and professionals of the support team. Inclusive education is an integral component of education policy, while a system of support measures is a key condition for inclusive education. Any student with learning difficulties must receive appropriate support measures in order to be able to learn in mainstream education. It is essential that student`s learning difficulties are identified as early as it is possible, so that individualised and professional support is provided on time. The humanistic pedagogical framework of the chosen teaching and learning strategy is important. Such approach consists of the varied, targeted and professional application of pedagogical approaches and methods appropriate to each student. This is an essential prerequisite for the successful implementation of inclusive education. Using theoretical research methods - analysis of literature and normative acts, as well as empirical research methods - survey, statistical analysis of results and visualisation of data, the aim of the article is to identify existing challenges and develop proposals for successful implementation of inclusive education in comprehensive educational institutions for students with learning difficulties. As a result of the study, the authors developed a number of recommendations for local authorities as school founders, school administrators, teachers and support team professionals in order to help the implementation of inclusive education at schools more effectively. The results of the study confirm the lack of resources for meaningful and effective implementation of inclusive education in educational institutions, as well as reflect the support measures applied by educational institutions for pupils with learning difficulties, identifying influencing factors in the implementation of inclusive education.
HORSE AND RIDER FACTORS OF PERFORMANCE IN SHOW - JUMPING DISCIPLINE
Authors: Rudmieze Svetlana , Fernate Andra
Published: July 2023

Success in each sport is made up of certain factors. Therefore, it is necessary to be acutely aware of the factors and criteria that influence performance in a particular sport. Horse riding is a very unique sport as it is a sport where two different organisms cooperate in terms of mass, size, thinking, and physical, psychological, tactical abilities and skills, as well as characteristics. It is a sport where there is practically no age limit, and where women compete alongside men. Therefore, it is difficult to find literature where several authors come to an agreement. There are often several different opinions, including on the performance-enhancing factors in the equestrian show-jumping discipline. It is quite important to evaluate the possible factors and reach a consensus in order to crystallize a possible unified system. The aim of the research is to determine the factors contributing to the performance of the rider and the horse in the show jumping discipline in different age groups. Research methods: Scientific literature review and analysis. Main results and conclusions. By theoretically researching and analysing the literature, it should be concluded that there are no concrete factors contributing to the attributed performance in the specific age stages, which can basically create uncertainty as well as consensus of opinions in future studies due to the influence of the generalization of these factors. From the context of the studied materials, it should be concluded that there is an insufficient theoretical basis, which is evidenced by a relatively narrow spectrum of topical issues. Therefore, the obtained theoretical information allows to create a basis for further practical research, thus expanding the theoretical base in the context of the current issue.
INTEGRATED LITERACY METHODS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL – EMOTIONAL SKILLS: PRE-SCHOOL GROUP CONTEXT
Authors: Tandzegolskienė-Bielaglovė Ilona , Čiučiulkienė Nijolė , Garbaravičienė Jūratė
Published: July 2023

Preschool years are a significant period of a child's life, characterized by a unique social, artistic, cognitive, emotional expression of the child. In the preschool age, children go through a rather difficult period of development, which largely determines the success of their subsequent education at school. At this stage of development, children should feel the need to read and write and thus get to know the world (understand people's relationships, feelings, actions, intentions, etc.); should start reading and writing and feel the joy of reading and writing while successfully interacting with the surrounding world. Having mastered literacy skills, a child can express what he/she feels, hears, and sees. The received data were analyzed while using thematic content analysis. During the observation, it has cleared out that it is quite difficult for children to express their emotions. Practical tasks, such as acting situations, drawing emotions, activities with sand, discussions with parents and researchers when children try to express emotions, practically teach different ways to overcome everyday changes and difficulties and thus acquire social-emotional skills. An attractively equipped book reading area, interestingly used print encourages easier recognition of words and application of reading skills. The application of integrated literacy methods in the implementation of a preschool program is a suitable context for strengthening social emotional skills, which are crucial for recognizing and managing one's emotions, being empathetic, creating and maintaining positive relationships, setting and pursuing positive goals, and making responsible decisions. Literacy techniques such as printed environment, reading books, marking emotions, interactive writing and drawing, social stories, acting situations, and discussions are effective tools and ways to achieve these goals.
“Laissez-Faire” Principle in Tax Law during the Crises
Authors: Radvan Michal
Published: July 2023

In the last three years, the whole world has been struck by several crises. These extraordinary circumstances made many governments intervene much more in the economy, including tax law amendments. Many countries, including the Czech Republic, decreased several taxes or even abolished some as a kind of subsidy. This has resulted in a sharp rise in the public debt. The paper’s main aim and also the hypothesis to be confirmed or disproved is to answer the question of whether it would not be better to leave tax systems untouched in times of economic and other crises. To meet the contribution objectives, the IMRaD structure of the article is being used. The research part indicates amendments to the tax acts in the recent three years, justified on the grounds of the economic crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic or consequences connected with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In the discussion, the relationships between the new legal norms and the legal behavior of taxpayers are predicted, and the effects of legal regulation on the economic behavior of taxpayers are explained. Legal amendments also affect public budgets’ revenues. In conclusion, the strengths and weaknesses of de lege lata regulation in the study area are identified, and amendments de lege ferenda are suggested.
Membicarakan sejarah kontroversial: historiografi, ingatan masyarakat dan pendidikan sejarah di Indonesia
Authors: Mukti Anung Jati Nugraha , Permana Johan Inda
Published: July 2023

This research aims to determine the history, memory, and historical education that are built-in historical discourse. History and memory are two components that influence and support each other. But what if the narrated history is different from the people's memory and how is this conveyed in education?. Answering the researcher's questions using the literature review method. In the last five years, major countries in the world have apologized and reconciled historical events that occurred in the past. The apology came after it emerged proving the victims as well as humanitarian considerations. In Indonesia, the events of 1965 and the Indonesian revolution have become the main discussion in the history of history to this day. Differences in historical narratives and people's memories of these events harm historical education. History will lose its soul and function because it is unable to achieve the goals achieved both in learning and in society.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan bagaimana sejarah, ingatan dan pendidikan sejarah dibangun dalam wacana sejarah kontroversial. Sejarah dan ingatan adalah dua komponen yang saling mempengaruhi dan saling menyokong. Namun bagaimana jika sejarah yang dinarasikan berbeda dengan ingatan masyarakat serta bagaimana hal tersebut disampaikan dalam pendidikan ?. Menjawab pertanyaan tersebut peneliti menggunakan metode kajian pustaka. Lima tahun terakhir negara-negara besar di dunia melakukan ucapan permintaan maaf dan rekonsiliasi peristiwa sejarah yang terjadi di masa lalu. Permintaan maaf tersebut terjadi setelah muncul kesaksian para korban serta pertimbangan kemanusiaan. Di Indonesia, peristiwa 65 dan revolusi Indonesia menjadi pembahasan utama dalam sejarah kontroversial hingga hari ini. Perbedaan narasi sejarah dan ingatan masyarakat tentang peristiwa tersebut memberikan dampak negatif dalam pendidikan sejarah. Sejarah akan kehilangan jiwanya dan fungsinya karena tidak mampu mencapai tujuan yang dicapai baik dalam pembelajaran maupun dalam masyarakat.