bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thiazolobenzamide‐Naphthalene Hybrids as Potent Anticancer agents compared to Doxorubicin: Design, Synthesis, SAR, In‐silico and Toxicity Analysis
Authors: Kazmi Mohammad Taha , Amir Mohd , Iqbal Md Azhar , Rashid Mohammad , Husain Asif
Published: December 2023

In order to determine whether thiazolobenzamide molecules connected to naphthalene could inhibit the growth of three different tumor cell lines, MCF7 (breast carcinoma), A549 (pulmonary carcinoma), and DU145 (prostatic adenocarcinoma) a novel series of ten molecules, designated TA 1‐10, was designed, synthesized, and tested. Among these compounds, TA7 showed promising results against cell lines, especially showing exceptional efficacy against breast cancer. Antioxidant activity tests consistently showed the best performance from the TA7 molecule. Furthermore, when a dose of 50 to 500 mg/kg of the total mass of rats is given, the most effective chemical, TA7, did not exhibit any harmful effects during acute oral toxicity tests. The biochemical indicators (SGOT and SGPT) for hepatotoxicity associated with compound TA7 were found to be fairly similar to those of the control group. The findings from molecular docking, XP visualization, and MM‐GBSA dG binding investigations are in agreement with the outcomes of in‐vitro tests of antioxidant and anticancer capabilities. TA7 was the most effective compound among those that were docked; it bound free energy and had adequate properties for metabolism (biochemical processes), distribution (dispersion), absorption (assimilation), and excretion (elimination). This study found that the TA7 molecule, a thiazole ring system derivative connected to naphthalene, is to be a promising and possible anticancer agent and its efficacy may be further explored in clinical studies.
Recurrent intracranial anaplastic ependymoma with late‐onset giant scalp metastasis
Authors: Scalia Gianluca , Ferini Gianluca , Chaurasia Bipin , Graziano Francesca , Priola Stefano , Amico Paolo , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Ependymomas are primary brain tumors that predominantly affect individuals between 0 and 4 years of age. Although ependymomas have a propensity for recurrence and the potential to spread within the central nervous system through cerebrospinal fluid (resulting in drop metastases), reports of extra‐neural metastatic localizations are exceedingly rare in the existing literature. This case report presents a unique and rare instance of recurrent intracranial anaplastic ependymoma with a late‐onset giant scalp metastasis.

A 55‐year‐old male patient with a medical history of partial resection of an atypical supratentorial left temporal ependymoma presented with a recurrent anaplastic ependymoma, which had been managed with surgery and radiotherapy. After a 4‐year follow‐up, the patient developed a subcutaneous mass in the left parietal region of the scalp. A multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons performed a surgical procedure, which included en bloc removal of the scalp lesion, resection of 1 cm of unaffected skin, and craniotomy to address an osteolytic area in the parietal skull bone. Skin autografts were used for reconstruction. Histological examination confirmed metastasis of anaplastic ependymoma in the scalp. After a delay in starting chemotherapy due to concerns related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the patient eventually initiated chemotherapy, leading to disease stability at a short‐term follow‐up. Scalp metastases from ependymoma are rarely reported in the literature. Management of such cases necessitates aggressive surgical resection, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure effective and targeted therapy, with a focus on preserving aesthetics, particularly in pediatric cases.
“Bubble‐Diode” Breathable Electrodes for Fast Gas Transport
Authors: He Yi , Tan Peng
Published: December 2023

Bubbles arising from wild gas evolution commonly exist in electrochemical systems, particularly in water electrolysis and rechargeable aqueous batteries (e. g., Zn‐air batteries). Substantial energy dissipation occurs due to the obstruction of active sites and ion‐conducting pathways by evolving bubbles. Efforts are made to elucidate effective strategies for fast gas transport, most of which focus on minimizing bubble size and facilitating their timely detachment through complex techniques such as constructing super‐hydrophilic nano‐structure electrodes, flowing electrolytes, and ultrasonic oscillation. Recently, an innovative, facile, and highly efficient method utilizing a breathable electrode design to promote gaseous molecules to the external environment emerges as a promising approach since it avoids remarkable bubble accumulation while remaining free of additional accessories. This paper highlights the origin and evolution of this promising design. Starting with introducing the basic concept of traditional breathable electrodes based on hydrophobic polymer networks and discussing the current progress made in underlying mechanisms, a detailed description of the advanced design inspired by a “bubble‐diode” concept with superior breathability follows. This Concept aims to contribute to a deep understanding of this technology and paves the way for further advancements in this renewable energy era.
Electrochemical Diselenation of BODIPY Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications and Sensitization of 1O2
Authors: Bozzi Ícaro A. O. , Machado Luana A. , Diogo Emilay B. T. , Delolo Fábio G. , Barros Luiza O. F. , Graça Gabriela A. P. , Araujo Maria H. , Martins Felipe T. , Pedrosa Leandro F. , da Luz Lilian C. , Moraes Emmanuel S. , Rodembusch Fabiano S. , Guimarães João S. F. , Oliveira André G. , Röttger Sebastian H. , Werz Daniel B. , Souza Cauê P. , Fantuzzi Felipe , Han Jianhua , Marder Todd B. , Braunschweig Holger , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N.
Published: December 2023

We report a rapid, efficient, and scope‐extensive approach for the late‐stage electrochemical diselenation of BODIPYs. Photophysical analyses reveal red‐shifted absorption – corroborated by TD‐DFT and DLPNO‐STEOM‐CCSD computations – and color‐tunable emission with large Stokes shifts in the selenium‐containing derivatives compared to their precursors. In addition, due to the presence of the heavy Se atoms, competitive ISC generates triplet states which sensitize 1O2 and display phosphorescence in PMMA films at RT and in a frozen glass matrix at 77 K. Importantly, the selenium‐containing BODIPYs demonstrate the ability to selectively stain lipid droplets, exhibiting distinct fluorescence in both green and red channels. This work highlights the potential of electrochemistry as an efficient method for synthesizing unique emission‐tunable fluorophores with broad‐ranging applications in bioimaging and related fields.
Transformation of Diffusion and Local Structure of CH4, CO2, SO2 and H2O Mixtures in Graphene Under Wide Temperature and Pressure Range: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Hu Minghui , Gao Wei , Zhang Lisha , Wang Yize , Feng Huajie
Published: December 2023

As a material with high specific surface area and excellent chemical stability, graphene exhibited remarkable adsorption and separation performance as well as a wide range of potential applications. The graphene layer played a significant role in influencing gas transmission. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the diffusion characteristics and local structures of a mixed system consisting of CH4, CO2, SO2 and H2O. Additionally, we further examined the transformation of the behavior of these mixtures within graphene layers. The order of diffusion coefficients of the four molecules without graphene was H2O>SO2>CO2≫CH4. However, in the double‐layer graphene, the order changed to CH4>CO2≫H2O>SO2. Higher temperatures and lower pressures were found to facilitate gas diffusion. Temperature and pressure had great effects on the local structures of CH4, CO2 and SO2, while their impact on H2O was limited due to the extensive network of hydrogen bonds formed by H2O molecules. The statistical results of average coordination number revealed that CH4 tended to aggregate with itself, whereas CO2 and SO2 exhibited a tendency to aggregate with H2O. The graphene structure enhanced the separation and transportation of CH4 from mixed systems.
Assessing the phylogenetic relationship among varieties of Toona ciliata (Meliaceae) in sympatry with chloroplast genomes
Authors: Xiao Yu , Wang Xi , He Zi‐Han , Lv Yan‐Wen , Zhang Chun‐Hua , Hu Xin‐Sheng
Published: December 2023

Toona ciliata is an endangered species due to over‐cutting and low natural regeneration in China. Its genetic conservation is of an increasing concern. However, several varieties are recognized according to the leaf and flower traits, which complicates genetic conservation of T. ciliata. Here, we sequenced the whole chloroplast genome sequences of three samples for each of four varieties (T. ciliata var. ciliata, T. ciliata var. yunnanensis, T. ciliata var. pubescens, and T. ciliata var. henryi) in sympatry and assessed their phylogenetic relationship at a fine spatial scale. The four varieties had genome sizes ranged from 159,546 to 159,617 bp and had small variations in genome structure. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that the four varieties were genetically well‐mixed in branch groups. Genetic diversity from the whole chloroplast genome sequences of 12 samples was low among varieties (average π = 0.0003). Besides, we investigated genetic variation of 58 samples of the four varieties in sympatry using two markers (psaA and trnL‐trnF) and showed that genetic differentiation was generally insignificant among varieties (Фst = 0%–5%). Purifying selection occurred in all protein‐coding genes except for the ycf2 gene that was under weak positive selection. Most amino acid sites in all protein‐coding genes were under purifying selection except for a few sites that were under positive selection. The chloroplast genome‐based phylogeny did not support the morphology‐based classification. The overall results implicated that a conservation strategy based on the T. ciliata complex rather than on intraspecific taxon was more appropriate.
Unique Aluminum Clusters Stabilized by Cation‐Ligand Cooperativity
Authors: Davis Jack V. , Stevens Lauren , DeCarlo Samantha M. , Mayo Dennis H. , Zavalij Peter Y. , Snyder Christopher J. , Eichhorn Bryan W.
Published: December 2023

Two novel cyclic Al3 clusters, Li2[Al3(PR2)6] ⋅ 2(Et2O) [R=Ph (1), Cy (2)] were synthesized through salt metathesis of metastable AlCl ⋅ (Et2O)n solutions with LiPR2. Both complexes were characterized by single crystal X‐Ray diffraction and their solid state and electronic structures are compared to previously reported cyclic Al3 clusters. Compounds 1 and 2 were further characterized using density functional theory (DFT) methods to understand the nature of the free electron and the three‐center two‐electron Al−Al bonds. Calculations revealed that both clusters are influenced by pseudo Jahn‐Teller distortion and are likely in equilibrium between two low energy bonding states. The solid‐state structures of 1 and 2 are unique among Al3 clusters, while the electronic structure is similar to the previously reported [Sit4Al3]. In aluminum chemistry, 1 and 2 are rare examples of clusters containing isoelectronic cores in different ligand environments. The effects of the phosphide ligand sphere and strongly coordinated lithium atoms are discussed in detail.
Comparison of massively parallel sequencing to capillary electrophoresis for short tandem repeat genotyping of trace DNA
Authors: Dierig Lisa , Kunz Sebastian N. , Wiegand Peter
Published: December 2023

In forensic genetics, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) offers several advantages over the current golden standard, capillary electrophoresis (CE): additional sequence information, shorter amplicon lengths, and the simultaneous analysis of many markers. These benefits result in a reduced number of reactions necessary while improving the amount of data obtained, thereby conserving valuable sample extracts. This proves particularly advantageous for the analysis of trace DNA. This study assessed the suitability of MPS for short tandem repeat (STR) typing of low template samples compared with results obtained through CE. The MPS genotypes showed higher concordance to reference genotypes, with donor alleles being more frequently assigned to be the major contributor, meeting the requirements for database entry. However, the MPS workflow is more time‐consuming and associated with higher costs.
Comparing transcriptomic responses to chemicals across six species using the EcoToxChip RNASeq database
Authors: Mittal Krittika , Ewald Jessica , Crump Doug , Head Jessica , Hecker Markus , Hogan Natacha , Xia Jianguo , Basu Niladri
Published: December 2023

The EcoToxChip project includes RNA-sequencing data from experiments involving model (Japanese quail, fathead minnow, African clawed frog) and ecological (double-crested cormorant, rainbow trout, northern leopard frog) species at multiple life stages (whole embryo and adult) exposed to eight chemicals of environmental concern known to perturb a wide range of biological systems (ethinyl estradiol, hexabromocyclododecane, lead, selenomethionine, 17β trenbolone, chlorpyrifos, fluoxetine, and benzo[a]pyrene). The objectives of this short communication were to (1) present and make available this RNA-sequencing database (i.e., 724 samples from 49 experiments) under the FAIR principles (FAIR data are data which meet principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability), while also summarizing key meta-data attributes and (2) use ExpressAnalyst (including the Seq2Fun algorithm and EcoOmicsDB) to perform a comparative transcriptomics analysis of this database focusing on baseline and differential transcriptomic changes across species–life stage–chemical combinations. The database is available in NCBI GEO under accession number GSE239776. Across all species, the number of raw reads per sample ranged between 13 and 58 million, with 30% to 79% of clean reads mapped to the “vertebrate” subgroup database in EcoOmicsDB. Principal component analyses of the reads illustrated separation across the three taxonomic groups as well as some between tissue types. The most common differentially expressed gene was CYP1A1 followed by CTSE, FAM20CL, MYC, ST1S3, RIPK4, VTG1, and VIT2. The most common enriched pathways were metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of cofactors and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and chemical carcinogenesis, drug metabolism, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. The RNA-sequencing database in the present study may be used by the research community for multiple purposes, including, for example, cross-species investigations, in-depth analyses of a particular test compound, and transcriptomic meta-analyses.
Residual mechanical resistance of concrete blocks and laying mortars after high temperatures
Authors: Amaral Rafaela de Oliveira , Moreno Armando Lopes , Medeiros Wallison Angelim , Parsekian Guilherme Aris
Published: December 2023

This paper reports an experimental campaign to evaluate the residual mechanical resistance after high temperatures of two structural masonry components: block and mortar. Residual compressive strength and deformation modulus of four different hollow concrete blocks and two different mortar mixes after heating at high temperatures are investigated. The test method used was the one recommended by RILEM TC 200 for mortars and an adaptation of the same method proposed by Medeiros et al. suitable for the geometry of hollow blocks. Despite the sharp drop in the deformation modulus after heating blocks and mortar, no different behaviours are observed in the deformability of the materials caused by the variables studied. The same cannot be said in relation to the variation of the residual compressive strength of the blocks, which is affected by the variables: initial nominal compressive strength and width of the concrete block. Regarding laying mortars, the results confirmed the small influence of compressive strength on the evolution of residual mechanical strength. The data and analyses reported here on the residual mechanical properties of hollow concrete blocks produced from a concrete mixture of very dry consistency, vibro‐pressed and with normal weight aggregates are relevant, since the data found in the literature generally refer to the wet cast concrete material and in cylindrical bodies.
Extent of κ‐casein hydrolysis during renneting of bovine milk: A critical assessment of the analytical and estimation approaches
Authors: Kayihura Joseph F.
Published: December 2023

Renneting is an enzymatic process that turns milk into curd which is then transformed into cheese. Rennet‐induced coagulation of caseins (CNs) is the critical step during this process and the key is the primary hydrolysis of κ‐CN's Phe105‐Met106 bond by chymosin. This article comprehensively reviews the existing data on the extent/degree of κ‐CN hydrolysis during renneting of bovine milk and critically evaluates its determination methods. The data show that under normal cheese‐making conditions, milk gelation occurs at a degree of κ‐CN hydrolysis <80%, which varies due to several factors including analytical and estimation approaches. The common approach involves isolating the macropeptides released, by precipitating whey proteins and residual CN in 1%–12% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), then assuming that the maximum amount obtained is 100% κ‐CN hydrolysis. The drawback is that the estimated degree of κ‐CN hydrolysis may be higher than the actual value as TCA partially precipitates the macropeptide fractions. Moreover, macropeptide isolation seems unnecessary based on current advances in chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. The present work proposes a simple mass balance‐based approach that will provide accurate estimates in future studies. The accuracy of measuring the degree of κ‐CN hydrolysis has implications on the precision of the data in relation to its partitioning (% distribution between the curd and whey) which is essential for improving whey quality.
Cost‐effectiveness of primary human papillomavirus triage approaches among vaccinated women in Norway: A model‐based analysis
Authors: Portnoy Allison , Pedersen Kine , Sy Stephen , Tropé Ameli , Engesæter Birgit , Kim Jane J. , Burger Emily A.
Published: December 2023

As Norway considers revising triage approaches following their first adolescent cohort with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination entering the cervical cancer screening program, we analyzed the health impact and cost‐effectiveness of alternative primary HPV triage approaches for women initiating cervical cancer screening in 2023. We used a multimodeling approach that captured HPV transmission and cervical carcinogenesis to evaluate the health benefits, harms and cost‐effectiveness of alternative extended genotyping and age‐based triage strategies under five‐yearly primary HPV testing (including the status‐quo screening strategy in Norway) for women born in 1998 (ie, age 25 in 2023). We examined 35 strategies that varied alternative groupings of high‐risk HPV genotypes (“high‐risk” genotypes; “medium‐risk” genotypes or “intermediate‐risk” genotypes), number and types of HPV included in each group, management of HPV‐positive women to direct colposcopy or active surveillance, wait time for re‐testing and age at which the HPV triage algorithm switched from less to more intensive strategies. Given the range of benchmarks for severity‐specific cost‐effectiveness thresholds in Norway, we found that the preferred strategy for vaccinated women aged 25 years in 2023 involved an age‐based switch from a less to more intensive follow‐up algorithm at age 30 or 35 years with HPV‐16/18 genotypes in the “high‐risk” group. The two potentially cost‐effective strategies could reduce the number of colposcopies compared to current guidelines and simultaneously improve health benefits. Using age to guide primary HPV triage, paired with selective HPV genotype and follow‐up time for re‐testing, could improve both the cervical cancer program effectiveness and efficiency.
Safer solid‐state lithium metal batteries: Mechanisms and strategies
Authors: Yang Shi‐Jie , Hu Jiang‐Kui , Jiang Feng‐Ni , Yuan Hong , Park Ho Seok , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: December 2023

Solid‐state batteries that employ solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) to replace routine liquid electrolytes are considered to be one of the most promising solutions for achieving high‐safety lithium metal batteries. SSEs with high mechanical modulus, thermal stability, and non‐flammability can not only inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites but also enhance the safety of lithium metal batteries. However, several internal materials/electrodes‐related thermal hazards demonstrated by recent works show that solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are not impenetrable. Therefore, understanding the potential thermal hazards of SSLMBs is critical for their more secure and widespread applications. In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of the thermal failure mechanism of SSLMBs from materials to devices. Also, strategies to improve the thermal safety performance of SSLMBs are included from the view of material enhancement, battery design, and external management. Consequently, the future directions are further provided. We hope that this work can shed bright insights into the path of constructing energy storage devices with high energy density and safety.

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The state of digital technology and innovation development: The comparative position of Thailand in ASEAN
Authors: Wongwuttiwat Jittima , Lawanna Thacha , Tantontrakul Tanakom
Published: December 2023

The ASEAN Digital Masterplan 2025 highlights five key components for regional development including Sustainable Infrastructure, Digital Technology and Innovation, Seamless Logistics, Regulatory Superiority, and Workforce Mobility. To effectively execute this strategy and boost the impact of the ASEAN Economic Community, it is imperative for Thailand and other member nations to prioritize the development of digital technology and foster innovation. The Thai government and responsible units have initiated policies and programs to boost the capabilities of public and private enterprises during the remedy period of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Digital technology is pivotal in achieving national strategies, and innovation is increasingly reliant on it, influencing technology adoption across industries. The level of innovation can reflect the level of technology adoption in each sector. The study compares Thailand with other ASEAN economies based on the development of national income, digital technology, and innovation using seven key indicators of the Global Innovation Index. These essential factors are used to determine national and economic development. The study aims to provide practical insights, address challenges, and offer specific recommendations for real‐world decision‐making and policy formulation, focusing on economic growth, increased innovation, and reduced income disparities. It suggests that Thailand can enhance its attractiveness by prioritizing national strategies, forming partnerships within the country, and building strong relationships with other ASEAN members to maintain competitiveness. The strengths and weaknesses of each ASEAN member are identified for targeted actions to drive the success of the ASEAN Digital Masterplan 2025.
Morphology of the cornea and iris in the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft 1870) (Dipnoi): Functional and evolutionary perspectives of transitioning from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment
Authors: Barry Collin Hermann , Ratcliffe Julian , Collin Shaun P.
Published: December 2023

The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft 1870), is the sole extant member of the Ceratodontidae within the Dipnoi, a small order of sarcopterygian (lobe‐finned) fishes, that is thought to be the earliest branching species of extant lungfishes, having changed little over the last 100 million years. To extend studies on anatomical adaptations associated with the fish–tetrapod transition, the ultrastructure of the cornea and iris is investigated using light and electron (transmission and scanning) microscopy to investigate structure–function relationships and compare these to other vertebrate corneas (other fishes and tetrapods). In contrast to previous studies, the cornea is found to have only three main components, comprising an epithelium with its basement membrane, a stroma with a Bowman's layer and an endothelium, and is not split into a dermal (secondary) spectacle and a scleral cornea. The epithelial cells are large, relatively low in density and similar to many species of non‐aquatic tetrapods and uniquely possess numerous surface canals that contain and release mucous granules onto the corneal surface to avoid desiccation. A Bowman's layer is present and, in association with extensive branching and anastomosing of the collagen fibrils, may be an adaptation for the inhibition of swelling and/or splitting of the stroma during its amphibious lifestyle. The dorsal region of the stroma possesses aggregations of pigment granules that act as a yellow, short wavelength‐absorbing filter during bright light conditions. Desçemet's membrane is absent and replaced by an incomplete basement membrane overlying a monocellular endothelium. The iris is pigmented, well‐developed, vascularised and contractile containing reflective crystals anteriorly. Based upon its ultrastructure and functional adaptations, the cornea of N. forsteri is more similar to amphibians than to other bony fishes and is well‐adapted for an amphibious lifestyle.
Building a vertebra: Development of the amniote sclerotome
Authors: Draga Margarethe , Scaal Martin
Published: December 2023

In embryonic development, the vertebral column arises from the sclerotomal compartment of the somites. The sclerotome is a mesenchymal cell mass which can be subdivided into several subpopulations specified by different regulatory mechanisms and giving rise to different parts of the vertebrae like vertebral body, vertebral arch, ribs, and vertebral joints. This review gives a short overview on the molecular and cellular basis of the formation of sclerotomal subdomains and the morphogenesis of their vertebral derivatives.
The role of sex hormones and receptors in HBV infection and development of HBV‐related HCC
Authors: Nuermaimaiti Abudulimutailipu , Chang Le , Yan Ying , Sun Huizhen , Xiao Yingzi , Song Shi , Feng Kaihao , Lu Zhuoqun , Ji Huimin , Wang Lunan
Published: December 2023

Gender disparity in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related diseases has been extensively documented. Epidemiological studies consistently reported that males have a higher prevalence of HBV infection and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Further investigations have revealed that sex hormone‐related signal transductions play a significant role in gender disparity. Sex hormone axes showed significantly different responses to virus entry and replication. The sex hormones axes change the HBV‐specific immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, Sex hormone axes showed different effects on the development of HBV‐related disease. But the role of sex hormones remains controversial, and researchers have not reached a consensus on the role of sex hormones and the use of hormone therapies in HCC treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize the experimental findings on sex hormones and provide a comprehensive understanding of their roles in the development of HCC and their implications for hormone‐related HCC treatment.
Antioxidant properties of bovine liver protein hydrolysates and their practical application in biphasic systems
Authors: Arslan Betul , Xiong Youling L , Soyer Ayla
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The influence of protein hydrolysate produced from bovine liver protein hydrolysate (LPH) by enzymatic hydrolysis, using Alcalase/Protamex (1:1), on lipid dispersions was investigated. LPH production was optimized to maximize the antioxidant activity (at 45, 50, and 55 °C for 12, 18, and 24 h). Different concentrations of LPHs (1, 3, and 5 mg/g) were added to emulsions and to liposomes. Lipid oxidation level and particle size of the lipid dispersions were monitored for 14 days of storage at 25 °C.

RESULTS

Radical scavenging activity and reducing power were the highest at 45 °C after 24 h of hydrolysis. Electrophoresis pattern showed that the antioxidant activity was arising from the peptides with molecular weight around 10 kDa. Lipid oxidation occurred more rapidly in samples without LPH during storage. In emulsions, lower thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance and conjugated diene values were measured with increasing concentrations of LPH at day 14. Accordingly, particle size of the samples containing 5 mg/g of LPH was smaller than those of other groups. Phase separation was observed only in lecithin emulsion without LPH at day 14. The use of LPH in liposome limited the lipid oxidation and maintained the size of the particles independently from the concentration.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the potential applications of animal by‐products as natural antioxidants in complex food systems. The results demonstrate that LPH, particularly when hydrolyzed at optimized conditions, can effectively inhibit lipid oxidation. The findings suggest that biphasic systems incorporating LPH have promising prospects for enhancing the stability and quality of food products. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Treating a common comorbidity: Pain outcomes following a 3‐week cognitive processing therapy–based intensive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder address
Authors: Kovacevic Merdijana , Montes Mauricio , Tirone Vanessa , Pridgen Sarah , Smith Dale L. , Burns John W. , Held Philip
Published: December 2023

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co‐occurs with pain and has been implicated in the maintenance of chronic pain. However, limited research has examined whether intervening for PTSD can hinder or optimize treatment outcomes for co‐occurring pain and PTSD. In the present study, we examined changes in pain, PTSD, and depressive symptoms among 125 veterans completing a 3‐week cognitive processing therapy (CPT)–based intensive treatment program (ITP) for PTSD. We also explored whether pretreatment pain interference predicted changes in PTSD and depressive symptom severity and whether larger changes in pain interference over the course of treatment were associated with larger changes in PTSD and depressive symptom severity. Linear mixed models revealed that participants’ pain interference decreased throughout treatment, d = 0.15, p = .039. Higher levels of pretreatment pain interference were associated with higher PTSD, p = .001, and depressive symptom severity, p = .014, over time. Larger reductions in pain interference corresponded to more improvement in PTSD symptoms, β = −.03; p < .001, but not depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that ITPs for PTSD can reduce pain interferences, albeit to a small degree, and that reductions in pain interference can contribute to reductions in PTSD symptom severity. Future studies should examine which treatment components contribute to larger changes in symptom severity for veterans with co‐occurring pain and PTSD.
GRP78 promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer by regulating bone microenvironment through Sonic hedgehog signaling
Authors: Yang Minsheng , Weng Kangqiang , Guo Yuanqing , Huang Lihua , Chen Junquan , Lu Hai
Published: December 2023

Bone metastasis is the leading cause of tumor‐related deaths in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The interactions between PCa and the bone microenvironment form a vicious cycle. However, the complex molecular mechanism by which PCa regulates the bone microenvironment remains unclear. To determine the role of glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) in bone metastasis and growth, we established intracardiac injection and tibial injection models, and performed their histological staining. To assess the effect of GRP78 on the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, we performed cell co‐culture, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, alizarin red staining, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining. We found that GRP78 is upregulated in PCa tissues and that its upregulation is associated with PCa progression in patients. Functional experiments showed that GRP78 overexpression in PCa cells considerably promotes bone metastasis and induces bone microstructure changes. Silencing GRP78 substantially inhibits the migration and invasion of PCa cells in vitro and bone metastasis and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, GRP78 promotes the migration and invasion of PCa cells via the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. Cell co‐culture showed that GRP78 promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts through Shh signaling. Our findings suggest that tumor–bone matrix interactions owing to GRP78‐activated paracrine Shh signaling by PCa cells regulate the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This process promotes bone metastasis and the proliferation of PCa cells in the bone microenvironment. Targeting the GRP78/Shh axis can serve as a therapeutic strategy to prevent bone metastasis and improve the quality of life of patients with PCa.
A cell‐penetrating peptide exerts therapeutic effects against ischemic stroke by mediating the lysosomal degradation of sirtuin 5
Authors: Xia Qian , Zhang Xue , Zhan Gaofeng , Zheng Lu , Mao Meng , Zhao Yin , Zhao Yilin , Li Xing
Published: December 2023

Stroke is a major public health concern worldwide. The lack of effective therapies heightens the need for new therapeutic agents. Previous study identified sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) as a positive regulator of microglia‐induced excessive neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. Interventions targeting SIRT5 should therefore alleviate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic stroke. Here, we synthesized a membrane‐permeable peptide specifically bound to SIRT5 through a chaperone‐mediated autophagy targeting motif (Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM) and examined its therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo. First, in primary microglia, Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM suppressed the binding of SIRT5 with annexin‐A1 (ANXA1), leading to SIRT5 degradation and thus inhibition of SIRT5‐mediated desuccinylation of ANXA1, followed by increased membrane accumulation and secretion of ANXA1. These changes, in turn, alleviated microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. Moreover, following intravenous injection, Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM could efficiently pass through the blood‒brain barrier. Importantly, systemic administration of Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM reduced the brain infarct area and neuronal loss, mitigated neurological deficit scores, and improved long‐term neurological functions in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed when high doses Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM were injected into nonischemic mice. Collectively, our study reveals the promising efficacy of the peptide‐directed lysosomal degradation of SIRT5 and suggests it as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Prospects of materials genome engineering frontiers
Authors: Xie Jianxin
Published: December 2023

Materials genome engineering represents the new frontier of materials research, and is disrupting the conventional “trial and error” paradigm for materials innovation. In the present perspective, the author reflects on the major achievements already made in five sub‐domains, including high‐efficiency materials computation and design, revolutionary experimental technologies, materials big data technologies, research and development of advanced materials, and industrial applications. Furthermore, the author lays out five crucial directions of future efforts for maturing the relevant technologies. These directions include cross‐scale modeling and computational design, artificial intelligence for materials science, automatic and intelligent experimentation, digital twin, and data resource management and sharing.
Protective Effect of Bovine Milk Extracellular Vesicles on Alveolar Bone Loss
Authors: Silva Francine R. F. , Heredia Joyce E. , Duffles Letícia F. , Arntz Onno J. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Ferreira Adaliene V. M. , Silva Tarcilia A. , van de Loo Fons A. J. , Macari Soraia , Oliveira Marina C.
Published: December 2023

Scope

Bovine milk extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in regulating bone cell activity. However, the outcome of their use on alveolar bone loss has not yet been demonstrated.

Methods and results

This study evaluates the effect of oral administration of MEVs on ovariectomized (OVX) mice. There is a reduced height of the alveolar bone crest in OVX mice by MEVs treatment, but the alveolar bone parameters are not altered. OVX mice are then submitted to a force‐induced bone remodeling model by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MEVs‐treated mice have markedly less bone remodeling movement, unlike the untreated OVX mice. Also, OVX mice treated with MEVs show an increased number of osteoblasts and osteocytes associated with higher sclerostin expression and reduce osteoclasts in the alveolar bone. Although the treatment with MEVs in OVX mice does not show differences in root structure in OTM, few odontoclasts are observed in the dental roots of OVX‐treated mice. Compared to untreated mice, maxillary and systemic RANKL/OPG ratios are reduced in OVX mice treated with MEVs.

Conclusion

Treatment with MEVs results in positive bone cell balance in the alveolar bone and dental roots, indicating its beneficial potential in treating alveolar bone loss in the nutritional context.
The complexity landscape of disaster‐aware network extension problems
Authors: Vass Balázs , Nagy Beáta Éva , Brányi Balázs , Tapolcai János
Published: December 2023

This article deals with the complexity of problems related to finding cost‐efficient, disaster‐aware cable routes. We overview various mathematical problems studied to augment a backbone network topology to make it more robust against regional failures. These problems either consider adding a single cable, multiple cables, or even nodes too. They adapt simplistic or more sophisticated regional failure models. Their objective is to identify the network's weak points or minimize the investment cost concerning the risk of a network outage. We investigate the tradeoffs in mathematical modeling for the same real‐world scenario, where more sophisticated models face more computationally challenging problems. We have seen how efficiently computational geometry algorithms can be used to solve simplified problems even for sufficiently large networks. In this article, we aim to understand why different mathematical models formulated for the same real‐world scenario can or cannot be solved efficiently. In particular, we show simplistic mathematical models that formulate NP‐hard problems.
Psychometric evaluation of the ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’ in a sample of nursing students in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yu Juping , Ganesh Siva , Lancastle Deborah
Published: December 2023

Aim

To examine the psychometric properties of the ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’.

Design

A methodological study was conducted.

Methods

A sample of 230 nursing students was used to analyse the psychometric properties of the ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test construct validity. Cronbach's alpha and item‐total correlations were carried out to test internal consistency reliability.

Results

The mean score of the empathy SUM was 112.0 (SD: 12.6). A three‐factor model was explored. This factor structure does not replicate the original ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’ when it was validated with medical students, but it is in line with later research with nursing students. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.80 for the SUM and 0.80–0.84 for individual items. Item‐total correlation coefficients were 0.01–0.63.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Because this study focused on nursing students. No patients or the public were involved.
In situ Investigations of the Formation Mechanism of Metastable γ‐BiPd Nanoparticles in Polyol Reductions
Authors: Smuda Matthias , Elsner Noah , Ströh Jonas , Pienack Nicole , Radulovic Rastko , Khadiev Azat , Terraschke Huayna , Ruck Michael , Doert Thomas
Published: December 2023

Synthesizing intermetallic phases containing noble metals often poses a challenge as the melting points of noble metals often exceed the boiling point of bismuth (1560 °C). Reactions in the solid state generally circumvent this issue but are extremely time consuming. A convenient method to overcome these obstacles is the co‐reduction of metal salts in polyols, which can be performed within hours at moderate temperatures and even allows access to metastable phases. However, little attention has been paid to the formation mechanisms of intermetallic particles in polyol reductions. Identifying crucial reaction parameters and finding patterns are key factors to enable targeted syntheses and product design. Here, we chose metastable γ‐BiPd as an example to investigate the formation mechanism from mixtures of metal salts in ethylene glycol and to determine critical factors for phase formation. The reaction was also monitored by in situ X‐ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Products, intermediates and solutions were characterized by (in situ) X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. In the first step of the reaction, elemental palladium precipitates. Increasing temperature induces the reduction of bismuth cations and the subsequent rapid incorporation of bismuth into the palladium cores, yielding the γ‐BiPd phase.
Hydrogen Production via Methane Decomposition over Alumina Doped with Titanium Oxide‐Supported Iron Catalyst for Various Calcination Temperatures
Authors: Ahmed Hamid , Alotibi Mohammed F. , Fakeeha Anis H. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Osman Ahmed I. , Al‐Awadi Abdulrahman S. , Alarifi Naif , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S.
Published: December 2023

The decomposition of methane has been chosen as an alternative method for producing hydrogen. In this study, 20 % Fe was used as the active metal part of the catalyst. To better comprehend the impact of the supporting catalytic properties, alumina and titania‐alumina composite were investigated as supports. Iron‐based catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and then calcined at different temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C, and 800 °C). The catalysts were examined at 800 °C under atmospheric pressure with a 15 mL/min total flow rate and 2 : 1 CH4 to N2 feed ratio. The textural and morphological characteristics of the fresh calcined and spent catalysts were investigated. The catalytic activity and stability data demonstrated that Fe supported over TiO2‐Al2O3 calcined at 500 °C performed the best of all evaluated catalysts with a more than 80 % hydrogen yield. The Raman spectra result showed that graphitic carbon was produced for all used titanium dioxide catalysts. Moreover, according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, the carbon deposited on the catalysts’ surface is carbon nanotubes (CNT).
Influence of preparation method on the structure, morphology, and conducting property of poly(m‐aminophenol)/silver nanocomposite
Authors: Priya Leena , Kar Pradip
Published: December 2023

The aim is to create a nanocomposite with well‐defined morphology having enhanced electronic characteristics, suitable for a diverse range of applications including sensors, supercapacitors, and electrode materials, among others. A composite consisting of the functional conjugated polymer, such as poly(m‐aminophenol), combined with silver nanoparticles, can be fabricated by meticulously regulating its structure, morphology, and properties. In the current research, three different morphologies, viz., nanoparticles distributed, nanofibrous, and core–shell were obtained following three different methods of preparation. The nanocomposite with a uniform distribution of 5.15 wt% small silver nanoparticles exhibited the highest average DC conductivity of 1.3 × 10−4 S cm−1. However, the nanofibrous composite with 2.79 wt% silver loading and core–shell nanocomposite with 5.59 wt% silver loading were found to have poor conductivities in order of 10−7 S cm−1. The electronic conduction of the nanocomposites prepared in three different methods was correlated with the structural features of the polymer matrix and the interfacial interaction between the components. This suggests that the nanocomposites with uniform distribution of small silver nanoparticles hold high potential as electronic material for a wide range of applications.

Highlights

Optimization of preparation of poly(m‐aminophenol)/silver nanocomposite.

Investigation of structure and morphologies of the composites.

Morphologies—nanocomposites, nanofiber composite, and core–shell composite.

Highest average DC‐conductivity of nanocomposite obtained as 1.3 × 10−4 S cm−1.

Conductivity in order of 10−7 S cm−1 was observed for the other two nanocomposites.
Natural genetic variation and negative density effects in plant–nematode interactions
Authors: Mukhaimar Maisara , Pfalz Marina , Shykoff Jacqui , Kroymann Juergen
Published: December 2023

Arabidopsis thaliana is a suitable host for phytoparasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. Successful nematode infection leads to the formation of root galls. We tested for natural genetic variation and inoculation density effects on nematode reproductive success in the interaction between A. thaliana and Meloidogyne javanica. We inoculated different Arabidopsis genotypes with two sources of nematodes at two different doses, using a mild protocol for inoculum preparation. We counted root galls and egg masses 2 months after inoculation. We obtained a high number of successful nematode infections. Infection success differed among Arabidopsis genotypes in interaction with the nematode source. Overall, infection success and reproductive success of nematodes were lower at a higher inoculum dose of nematodes. Our results indicate that natural genetic variation in both host plants and nematodes, as well as short‐ and long‐term negative density effects, shape nematode reproductive success.