bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attraction as a Function of Attitudes and Dress
Authors: Buckley Hilda Mayer , Roach Mary Ellen
Published: March 2007

An experiment was designed for the study of the effect of similarity in attitudes, similarity in dress, and attractiveness of dress on attraction. In an initial session with the experimenter, each of 72 female college students serving as subjects completed a shortened version of Byrne's (1971) Survey of Attitudes and was photographed. Between the initial session and a second session, another survey of attitudes alleged to belong to a stranger was created by the experimenters to be either similar or dissimilar to the survey completed by each subject. Also at this time, judges matched each subject's photograph with a photograph of the stranger. The photograph contained the stranger in dress judged to be either similar or dissimilar to that of the subject, and either as attractive, neutral, or unattractive. In the second session, subjects were presented with the survey alleged to have been completed by the stranger and the photograph of the stranger. The subjects were then asked to complete Byrne's Interper sonal Judgment Scale based on the information presented to them. Results of the experiment indicated that similarity in attitudes had the greatest effect on attraction; similarity in dress had the next greatest effect; and attractiveness of dress had the least effect on attraction.
The Young Child's Developing Concept of Family
Authors: Powell Judith A. , Wiltcher Barbara Jones , Wedemeyer Nancy Voigt , Claypool P. Larry
Published: March 2007

Purposes were (a) to determine the usefulness of classifying children's perceptions accord ing to eight dimensions of “family,” and (b) to examine the effects of sex and family type on children's perceptions of “family” structure and family roles.

The sample of 84 preschool children was stratified by geographical location, sex, and family type. Each subject was classified as “pre‐operational” on a Piagetian‐based cognitive developmental level test. Data were obtained from individual verbatim taped interviews of subjects' responses to the Family Concept Interview, containing items related to concepts of family structure, dimensions of family and family roles, and flexibility of family roles. Major hypotheses were tested by analysis of variance. No significant effects due to sex of child were found. Generally, two‐parent and one‐parent children had similar perceptions and appeared to be defining family in much the same way. There was some support for the hypothesis that one‐parent children may be less concerned with co‐residence and membership, or “who lives together.”

Results indicated children's responses can be classified according to dimensions of “family.” Dimensions most salient for pre‐operational children were “membership,”“biology,”“domestic functions,” and “guidance.” For children of both family types, family composition appears to be defined normatively as at least two parents and a child.
Wife's Earnings and Family Net Worth Position
Authors: Foster Ann C. , Metzen Edward J.
Published: March 2007

The major focus of this research was the influence of wife's earnings on family net worth position. Multiple regression analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Surveys dis closed that the amount of family income, not its sources, had the most important influence on 1967 and 1972 net worth for the total sample. When the sample was segmented by income, independent variables had differential impacts on both 1967 and 1972 net worth. Homeown ership status was positively associated with net worth for all groups, but in both years its impact on net worth was much greater among families in the low‐ and moderate‐income groups. Wife's income was found to have no consistent overall impact on net worth position among the three income groups.
Part 1: Fashion Leadership among Korean College Women
Authors: Kim Minja , Schrank Holly L.
Published: March 2007

In Part 1 of this two‐part report, fashion innovativeness and fashion opinion leadership were studied in relation to the attitudes Korean women held toward change, as well as in relation to their socioeconomic levels. Socioeconomic level was not related to fashion innova tiveness nor to fashion opinion leadership. Attitudes toward change were correlated to the two leadership variables. When respondents were assigned to categories of fashion innovators, innovative communicators, fashion opinion leaders and non‐leaders, significant differences were found between their scores on the attitudes‐toward‐change measure, suggesting that the underlying differences between these four groups merit further examination. In Part 2, the Korean respondents were compared to American college women.
Career Appearance: Perceptions of University Students and Recruiters Who Visit Their Campuses
Authors: Kelley Eleanor , Blouin David , Glee Rose , Sweat Sarah , Arledge Lydia
Published: March 2007

As more people engage in long‐term careers requiring professional degrees and as positions become more difficult to obtain, appearance of employees will probably become increasingly important as a factor in hiring, retaining, and promoting employees. This study was designed to determine if students (S) and the recruiters (R) who visited their campuses had similar perceptions of the role of appearance in the pursuit of a career, and if their perceptions differed according to selected personal and employment characteristics. Likert‐type opinion naires were completed by 767 respondents (S = 498; R = 269). Seven scores, representing various aspects of the importance of attire on employee evaluations, were subjected to either Wilcoxon or Kruskal‐Wallis analyses. Some significant differences occurred when the sources of variation were employment status, occupational orientation (current, R; projected, S), sex, and age of respondents; occupations of main wage earners in their families; and respon dents' projected amount of direct contact with clients. Overall, however, S and R perceptions of career appearance were similar.
Preprofessional Participation and Later Professional Affiliation and Education Among Home Economics Graduates
Authors: Draper Thomas W. , Shaner J. Michael , Roscoe Bruce K.
Published: March 2007

Home Economics graduates were surveyed to determine the relationships between preprofessional student activity and later education and professional affiliation, leader ship, and recognition. Undergraduate participation and recognition were related to beginning graduate school but not to finishing it. Finishing graduate school was more strongly predicted by exogenous variables like mobility and undergraduate recognition other than that provided by the home economics related student organizations. Later professional participation was predicted by student participation, though there were large sub‐area differences. Student leadership was a good predictor of later leadership and later professional recognition.
A Method for Developing A Nutrient Guide
Authors: Gillespie Ardyth H. , Roderuck Charlotte E.
Published: March 2007

This paper proposes a new approach to developing a tool for teaching nutrition and food selection. It allows adjustments as new information becomes available and takes into account both dietary recommendations and food composition. The first step involves an exploratory sorting of foods into groupings according to nutrient composition. In the second stage, foods are categorized into six exchange lists (iron and protein; iron, protein, and thiamin; iron, low and incomplete protein, and thiamin; calcium and protein; vitamin A; and vitamin C) and ranked according to nutrient density. Ratings for total fat, cholesterol, and sodium are added in the third stage. The recommended number of exchanges from each list is calculated on the basis of the Recommended Dietary Allow ances for individuals by sex and age.
Women's Responses to Written Nutrition Messages
Authors: Sims Laura S.
Published: March 2007

One hundred forty‐three adult women voluntarily provided written responses to mes sages on the topics of weight control and vitamin supplements. These messages were written in two styles: those defined as “high human interest” were written in the first person and in a highly personal style; in contrast, “low human interest” messages presented the information in an equally readable format, but with less personal lan guage. After reading the message on weight control, the women recorded more thoughts which related to their own experiences with dieting and weight control. However, in response to the message about vitamin supplements, respondents wrote more questions or asked for clarification. The level of the respondent's nutrition knowledge was signifi cantly correlated with the total number of responses written after reading the vitamin supplement message and also with responses to the “high human interest” messages.
Identifying Differences in Time Managers
Authors: Walker Florence S. , Parkhurst Anne M.
Published: March 2007

A measure to differentiate time managers was developed in which performance indi cators were used to derive a self‐perception measure (TM Score). It was based upon planning for the future, meeting deadlines, and accuracy in estimating duration of routine tasks. Statistical tests used to investigate time management effectiveness were analysis of variance and Pearson product ‐moment correlation coefficients. From the analyses it was concluded that middle‐aged adults who live busy lives were more likely to be effective time managers than others. Age was one of the key characteristics related to differences in TM Scores. This finding was reinforced by information on retirement status, family description, and residential longevity. Team spirit, as indicated by family cohesion, was also another characteristic associated with differences in TM Scores, for as family cohesion increased, TM Scores also increased. Among other management prac tices, orderly storage areas and a sense of the importance of time usage were both associated with more effective time management. A multivariate analysis (GLM proce dure of SAS statistical computer package) produced a model that accounted for 25 percent of the total variation in TM Score. Of the six variables in the model, education, household production, and social participation in local organizations were most influential.
Usefulness of Consumer Education Concepts as Perceived by Current and Former Homemaking Students
Authors: Bell Camille G. , Durr Gloria E.
Published: March 2007

Current and former students enrolled in Consumer and Homemaking Education were investigated to determine how they perceived the usefulness of consumer education concepts taught in all home economics subject areas. The sample included 912 students from various sized schools throughout Texas. Data were gathered by a rating‐scale questionnaire. Findings indicated that current and former students’perceptions of the usefulness of consumer education concepts taught in a specialized course and in the subject areas differed significantly at the 0.01 level with the exception of the areas of child development and family living. Further, both current and former students perceived consumer education concepts in home economics subject areas as more useful than consumer education concepts taught in consumer education alone. Significance of background variables was determined by using multiple classification analysis of variance statistical procedure. Variables which were significant included: enrollment status, community size, number of home economics courses taken, and sex of the respondent. However, the significant interaction of specific variables was not uniform for all the consumer education concepts. This means a variety of motivational strategies and learning experiences for males and females with varying backgrounds will need to be used to determine the best results for teaching the consumer education concepts perceived by students to be less useful. The authors concluded that for best results, basic consumer education concepts should be interfaced with home economics subject areas. This makes a strong argument for consumer education to be taught in all aspects of Consumer and Homemaking Education.
A Content Analysis Of Childrearing Information In Popular Magazines
Authors: Carlson Colleen Lonergan , Crase Sedahlia Jasper
Published: March 2007

This study describes childrearing information in contemporary popular literature, using a content analysis of information appearing in seven popular magazines. Half of the articles addressed topics parents expressed as needs or concerns. Parents were addressed as a homogeneous group; nearly half of the articles failed to include age‐specific information. Medical doctors were the most frequent writers and information sources. The majority of articles failed to cite research; magazine staff writers were most likely, and professionals least likely, to cite research. Over a third of the articles were positive rather than remedial. The majority failed to recognize individual differences in children/parents.
Parent‐Child Interaction: A Prototype for Parent Education
Authors: Coleman Marilyn , Ganong Lawrence H.
Published: March 2007

Parent education in the 1980's must address such issues as the prosumer movement, cost efficiency, prevention rather than remediation, program availability, and evaluation. Parent‐Child Interactions, a model designed to instruct parents to teach their preschool children basic cognitive and perceptual skills, is responsive to these current issues and concerns. The model is explained and studies testing it are reported.
The Relation Between Spousal Affective Self‐Disclosure And Marital Adjustment
Authors: Davidson Bernard , Balswick Jack , Halverson Charles
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the relations between married partners' levels of affective self‐disclosure and marital adjustment. Based upon responses to questionnaires by 324 married students, marital adjustment was found to be positively related to both spouse's reported self‐disclo sure of feelings and to self's reported reception of affective disclosure. In addition, the relationship between the differences in partners' levels of disclosure and marital adjustment was also examined. Findings indicated that one's perception of differences between self and other in the disclosure of love was inversely related to one's marital adjustment. Situations in which these general findings vary by the type of feeling disclosed–love, happiness, anger, and sadness–are also noted.
Teacher Selection And Placement In Early Childhood Education
Authors: Dickerscheid J.D. , Gnezda M.T. , Briggs B.A.
Published: March 2007

Five commonly used selection criteria were investigated to determine their relationship to nine teaching behaviors of 112 pre‐service teachers in laboratory preschools. Subjects com pleted two questionnaires to provide data relative to demographic information, academic background, work experience with children, and leadership ability. Trained observers rated each subject's teaching behavior during the last weeks of their preschool teaching practicum. Findings indicate that academic major, grade point average, motivation, and leadership ability have potential for predicting behavior in seven of the nine teaching behaviors. Ex perience with children was not related to any teaching behavior measured. Results indicate that the commonly used factors for selecting and hiring preschool teachers are moderately useful indicators of certain behaviors that comprise teaching.
Role‐Management Used by Husbands and Wives In Two‐Earner Families
Authors: Bird G.A. , Bird G.W. , Scruggs M.
Published: March 2007

The purposes of this study are to 1–systematically organize and empirically measure the extent to which eight role‐management strategies are used by husbands and wives in career‐ earner and dual‐career families, and 2–determine if there are significant differences in the extent of strategy use between spouses in the same family type as well as across family type. The sample consisted of college and university administrators and their husbands and wives from NASULGC institutions. Factor analysis of responses to role‐management strategy items yielded eight factors. The t‐test procedure was used to determine if differences in strategy usage existed by gender and by family type. Between husbands and wives in career‐ earner families, there was a significant difference in use of the role‐management strategy of Compartmentalization. Between husbands and wives in dual‐career families, there were significant differences in the use of two strategies, Reducing Responsibilities and Organi zation. Significant differences were found between wives in career‐earner and dual‐career families, in the use of three strategies: Compartmentalization, Barriers Against Intrusion, and Reducing Responsibilities.
Social Initiation And Responsiveness In Parent‐Infant Interaction
Authors: Hegland Susan M.
Published: March 2007

Thirty‐eight infants were observed interacting separately with their mothers and fathers in the home at seven and 12 months of age. Social initiative measures together with reciprocal parental response measures adopted from Clarke‐Stewart were used. The infants distributed their social initiatives equally to both parents but made fewer initiatives when older. Ma ternal and paternal contingent responsiveness was highly correlated at both age levels. However, infants played more with their fathers than with their mothers. It is argued that the stylistic differences in how mothers and fathers responded to their infants represent differences in typical performance but not in optimal performance. Both parents become attachment figures because of their contingent responsiveness but with complementary, not redundant, roles.
Quality of Carrots Dehydrated by Three Home Methods
Authors: Nichols Vera M. , Baldwin Ruth E.
Published: March 2007

Sensory attributes, moisture and carotene contents, and energy requirements were assessed for carrots treated by home dehydration and storage practices. Flavor was less intense in carrots dehydrated in a convection oven, microwave oven, or a food dehydrator than in the freshly cooked control sample, but sweetness and texture did not differ. The convection oven consumed the least, and the food dehydrator the most, energy for the dehydration process. The microwave oven was the least convenient of the three methods because it required transferring the partially dehydrated product to a conventional oven to finish drying. Re tention of carotene in dehydrated carrots during subsequent storage (10 weeks) was favored by refrigerator rather than room temperature.
Textile and Apparel Resources In the 19th Century South: Columbus, Georgia 1850–1891
Authors: Ulrich Pamela V. , Duffield Frances J.
Published: March 2007

The objectives of this historical study were to investigate resources available to meet clothing needs of men and women in Columbus, Georgia, an important center of the southern textile industry, between 1850 and 1891. The resources examined were products of Columbus textile mills; retailers of clothing fabrics and ready‐to‐wear garments and goods sold by them; and establishments and/or individuals assembling custom‐made clothing. Data sources were newspapers, city directories, and extant business records. A comparison of the number of newspaper advertisements for clothing fabrics and ready‐to‐wear garments in both Columbus and New York City was made to measure any relationship between a southern city and a major metropolis. Major findings were: (1) the assortment of textiles manufactured in Columbus expanded and included clothing fabrics marketed there; (2) a narrower assortment of fabrics was advertised in Columbus than in New York City, but fine fabrics were available in Columbus (The measured relationship between the two cities in terms of clothing fabrics and ready‐to‐wear was minimal; only a few types of ready‐to‐ wear garments advertised in New York City were never advertised in Columbus.); (3) fabrics and/or ready‐to‐wear were sold in general stores, and in dry goods, merchant tailors and men's clothing specialty stores; (4) the number of sources of custom‐made clothing increased for women, but remained almost constant for men.
Pants Alteration By Graphic Somatometry Techniques
Authors: Farrell‐Beck Jane A. , Pouliot Carol J.
Published: March 2007

The goal of this research was to develop a method of pants pattern alteration that incorporates body measurements, graphing techniques, and body angle measurements. This experimental method was tested against a traditional method that uses only body measurements. Profile and back view somatographs (gridded silhouette photographs) were taken of 36 female vol unteers. Five models were chosen for analysis to represent five figure variations: round hip, pear‐shaped hip, average hip, weight in front, and weight in back. Two muslins were constructed for each variation: one cut from a pattern altered by the experimental method and the other from a pattern altered by traditional method. Two rating scales were developed to analyze fit. An evaluative scale measured the quality of fit, and a diagnostic scale specified the direction of the fitting problem. The experimental method was preferred for front waist placement, front waist dart size, back crotch curve, and horizontal grain. For all other criteria, the fit produced by the two methods was rated as equal.
Repeated Measure Design: A Time Use Application
Authors: Sanik Margaret Mietus
Published: March 2007

Time use studies frequently involve collecting data for more than one day. A repeated measure design considers the non‐independence of the days' time data in the analysis. The significant difference between the days' time use was found not to be due to day of the week alone, but attributable to the difference between the “yesterday” or recall approach and the “tomorrow” or record approach to collecting time data.
Alternative Strategies For Pricing Home Work Time
Authors: Zick Cathleen D. , Keith Bryant W.
Published: March 2007

For many years a variety of techniques for measuring the value of home work time have been proposed and criticized. In this paper, these criticisms are dis cussed at length as a prelude to the introduction of a potentially more appealing measure first suggested by James Heckman (1974). Calculation of this measure, frequently referred to as the reservation wage, is presented in detail. Estimates obtained using the reservation wage technique are contrasted with market alter native estimates derived with the same data set. The empirical findings suggest that the market alternative cost method understates the true value of a woman's home time to the household.
Time Spent in Housework By Urban Adolescents
Authors: Lawrence Frances Cogle , Tasker Grace E. , Babcock Deborah K.
Published: March 2007

This study examined the amount of time urban adolescents spent in housework. Data used here resulted from the eleven‐state family time use survey, “An Inter state Urban/Rural Investigation of Families' Time Use.” The sample consisted of 517 adolescents aged 12 through 17 in two‐parent/two‐child families. Total time in household work tasks reported for adolescents averaged 71 minutes per day. Adolescents spent the most time in shopping, maintenance of home, yard, car, and pets, housecleaning, and food preparation. Sex of the adolescent, education of the father, education and employment of the mother, income of the family, and season of the year significantly affected the time spent on housework. The age of the adolescent and state of residence were not significant sources of variation in the time spent.
Values Related To Family Travel Time
Authors: Tasker Grace E. , Lawrence Frances Cogle , Purtle Virginia S. , Babcock Deborah K.
Published: March 2007

The amount of time families spend in travel for specified activities, and factors affecting travel time, were studied. Travel time data were collected from a strat ified sample of 2,100 two‐parent, two‐child families from selected communities in 11 states. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance models. The results were presented in a framework of exchange theory and values theory using Robin Williams' value schema. Families spent the most time for social and recreational travel, followed by travel for paid work, shopping, school, and chauffeuring. Of all family members, husbands spent the most time in travel, the majority of which was for paid work. Wives spent the largest amount of time traveling for shopping and social and recreational activities. Season of the year, rural/urban residence, employment and age of the wife, education of the husband, number of vehicles, and state of residence significantly affected the time spent in some of the travel activities and for certain family members. Education of the wife, age of the husband, and the income of the family were not significant sources of variation in the time spent for travel.
Competition in the U. S. Apparel Import Market
Authors: Dardis Rachel , Sul Jungpil
Published: March 2007

The objectives of this study were to investigate changes in the U.S. apparel import market, using data from major exporting countries from 1967 to 1977. The major exporting countries were divided into five regions, and 12 apparel cate gories were selected for analysis. Markov analysis was used to project the market shares of the five regions from 1978 to the year 2000. A comparison of actual and projected market shares indicated that most of the major changes in market shares had occurred by 1977. The overall stability of import market shares was also shown by the fact that market shares in 1987 and 2000 were close for 10 of the 12 categories examined. The Far East was the major supplier to the U.S. for most apparel categories, followed by developing countries in other parts of the world. In contrast, Japan, Western Europe, and Canada have ceased to be major factors in the U.S. import market. The dominance of imports from the developing regions is not surprising in view of the labor‐intensive nature of apparel produc tion.
Nutrition Research: State of the Art
Authors: Wyse Bonita W.
Published: March 2007

Many have suggested that nutrition became a science with the work of Lavosier in the mid‐18th century. The importance of diet, however, had been recognized and taught by the scholars of ancient Greece and Rome and most of the dietary deficiency diseases were known prior to Lavosier's research efforts. By the mid‐ 19th century protein, fat, and carbohydrate were determined to be sources of energy and to provide calories. During the ensuing years a tightly designed ex perimental approach evolved for determining a nutrient's essentiality and re quirements under varying growth conditions and with differing dietary mixtures.
Clothing and Human Behavior: A Review
Authors: Davis Leslie L.
Published: March 2007

The research developments in the area of clothing and human behavior are re viewed in terms of relevant psychological and sociological theories. Implications of past research in the area are drawn and recommendations for further research are made.
University Home Economics Programs In The United States: A Survey Of International Involvement
Authors: Hertzler Ann A. , Wall Vera J.
Published: March 2007

One hundred and seventeen home economics institutions in the United States, including Puerto Rico, were surveyed to identify how international perspectives are incorporated into coursework, curricula, and research. Four units reported either an international major, minor, or emphasis area within home economics; three units reported required or elective home economics courses for institu tional international programs of study. About one‐fifth of the respondents planned student experiences in international settings and placed students in international positions after graduation. In contrast, almost half are involved in grantsmanship, research activities and curricular planning on an international scope. Contributions cited were training students from other countries and as sisting individuals and families to improve their quality of life throughout the world, especially women. Future directions recommended by respondents were building a research base for international program development and researching issues impacting quality of life. Since survey replies indicated that faculty involve ment in international programs appears to be based on interest, and activity ap pears to be limited in course and curriculum planning, many questions can be raised in home economics about present educational programs in home eco nomics and relevancy to intercultural‐international programs and research.
Historical Research in Home Economics: A Model for Implementation
Authors: McBreen Edna L.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the concept of historical research is considered, first as a generic method of research and second as a tool specifically pertinent to home eco nomics. Initially, historical research is defined from the perspectives of various historians. The steps in the historical method are delineated and explained and those steps are in turn included in a conceptual model. Actual application of historical research to a problem in home economics is exemplified by a step‐by‐ step account of a study of the historical relationship between home economics and family law. The two objectives of that research were: (1) to delineate and analyze the concerns common to the fields of family law, as exemplified by the New York Domestic Relations Law, and to home economics; and (2) to isolate the resultant influences of each field on the other. In addition to serving as an example of historical research, the results of the research are used to show the potential influence of the information gained from historical research on the field of home economics.
A Comparison of Achievement Scores In Physically Attractive And Unattractive Students
Authors: Moran James D. , McCullers John C.
Published: March 2007

Attributions are commonly made on the basis of physical attractiveness. In an effort to investigate the reality of self‐fulfilling prophecies in this area, the phys ical attractiveness of high school students was rated by other students. The 10 most attractive students of each sex and the 10 least attractive males and females were selected for the study. The school records of these students were acquired and information pertaining to achievement measures was collected. Based on data availability 37 subjects (19 males and 18 females) comprised the final sample. The less attractive students displayed significantly higher ACT scores than the more attractive students (p < 0.01) and somewhat higher scores on IQ tests (p < 0.06). In the IQ analysis, attractiveness interacted with sex (p < 0.05) indicating that for males the attractiveness dimension was more salient. Unattractive males ranked highest on all 10 achievement measures (p < 0.001). The data indicate that students differentiated solely on the basis of physical characteristics do differ on achievement scores and that the performance is not consistent with the self‐ fulfilling prophecy notion but rather with the compensatory hypotheses.
Nutritional Understanding of Preschool Children Taught in the Home or a Child Development Laboratory
Authors: Lee Thomas R. , Schvaneveldt Jay D. , Sorenson Anne W.
Published: March 2007

The main conclusion of this research is that preschool children are capable of learning basic concepts of nutrition, including nutritive value, nutrient function, and the impact of nutrition on health. The research design was a before and after experimental model, with 20 children taught nutritional concepts in a child de velopment lab, 20 children taught at home by parents, and 20 children serving as a control group and receiving no instruction. The curriculum was based on nutrient density and used the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). Mean compar isons of pre‐ and posttest scores on a 12‐item nutrition test were significant with both the Child Lab and home‐taught groups.
Salience of Physical Appearance in Impression Formation
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Miller Franklin G.
Published: March 2007

Descriptions of others often include an enumeration of their traits and it is char acteristic of people to form impressions of others based solely on these descrip tions. The present research assumed an analogy between these trait descriptions and various aspects of physical appearance which are known to generate such descriptions. Thus impression formation research on trait descriptions was used as a model to explain and predict impression formation research on physical appearance. In order to examine how judgments of an individual are affected by the physical appearance of the individual, subjects viewed and rated slides of drawings. The stimulus person depicted in the drawings was constant across all drawings while various aspects of physical appearance, such as clothing, were varied. The slides were developed from a factorial combination of four specific physical appearance cues. The design was a five‐way factorial having two levels (presence or absence) for each of the factors and repeated measures on each factor. In accord with the model, it was hypothesized that physical appearance cues which have an impact on impressions of sociability would be more influen tial (primarily salient) in evoking judgments of likableness than judgments of respect. It was also hypothesized that physical appearance cues which have an impact on impressions of intellectuality would be more influential (primarily sa lient) in evoking judgments of respect than judgments of likableness. Statistical analyses revealed some support for each of the hypotheses. For example, the presence or absence of the long skirt and red hair had an impact on first impres sions only when the particular cue was salient for the judgment elicited. Thus it was not the cue in and of itself which led to significant differences in first impres sions, but rather the fit between the cue and the judgment elicited. Ways to simplify the procedure are suggested in order to better address the hypotheses in future research.
Sensitivity to the Appearance of Others and Projection as Factors in Impression Formation
Authors: Rowold Kathleen L.
Published: March 2007

This study was designed to examine the proposition that sensitivity to the ap pearance of others moderates the tendency of perceivers to project characteristics of the self in forming impressions on the basis of physical appearance. It was hypothesized that subjects who are relatively sensitive to the appearance of others would show less correspondence between their own levels of self‐esteem and the degree of self‐esteem they attributed to stimulus persons than subjects who are relatively insensitive to the appearance of others. It was found that the correlations between actual and attributed self‐esteem were higher for subjects scoring below the median on two of the three sensitivity‐to‐appearance measures than for subjects scoring above the median. The results are discussed in terms of the value of examining the joint impact of stimulus and perceiver character istics in research on the effects of physical appearance on social behavior.
Relationship of Fashion Awareness and Clothing Economic Practices
Authors: Horridge Patricia , Richards Lynne
Published: March 2007

The Sproles Consumer Interest and Priorities questionnaire was administered to the 3,036 members of Home Economists in Business (HEIB) in order to test the hypotheses that the data would reveal: (1) significant correlations between fashion awareness and clothing economic practices, and (2) identifiable con sumer profiles, concerning economic attitudes and activities, applicable to in dividuals exhibiting either high or low fashion awareness. Positive correlations were observed between fashion awareness responses and the concepts that: (1) clothing quality is more important than price, (2) shopping for clothing is a plea surable activity, and (3) much time is devoted to shopping for clothing. Signifi cant differences were observed between persons exhibiting either high or low fashion awareness in the degree to which: (1) shopping for clothing was per ceived as a pleasurable activity, (2) time was devoted to shopping for clothing, (3) clothing was purchased on impulse, and (4) the monetary aspects of clothing were emphasized.
Diffusion of Information about Clothing to Orthopedically Disabled Adults
Authors: Koester Ardis W. , Leber Dolores A.
Published: March 2007

Orthopedically disabled adults residing in the Willamette Valley of Oregon were surveyed by written questionnaire to determine what information sources they perceived to be available, which they used, and which they preferred to use to receive information about the selection, adaptation, and construction of clothing. The purpose of the study was to propose recommendations for im proved diffusion of clothing information to orthopedically disabled adults. A Priority Index for Potential Expansion organized the information sources with regard to perceived availability, use, and preference, and listed them in rank order, indicating needs for potential development. Prioritization indicated the following sources to be most deserving of developmental efforts: county exten sion bulletins, videotaped programs, catalogs, and pamphlets.
Relationship of Role Preference to Teaching Effectiveness During Student Teaching
Authors: Clayton Kermeta
Published: March 2007

This study was designed to provide information regarding the relationship be tween role preference and teaching effectiveness of home economics student teachers. Usable data was obtained from 45 home economics student teachers, cooperating classroom teachers, and university supervisors at nine universities in Texas. Before and after the student teaching experience, student teachers com pleted an instrument designed to measure role preferences. Cooperating teachers completed the instrument once during the semester. At the end of the student teaching experience, cooperating teachers and university supervisors rated the student teachers on teaching effectiveness and on overall teaching performance. A significant relationship existed between preference for the Advice‐Information Giver role and teaching effectiveness ratings given by cooper ating teachers. The more a student showed a preference for this role, the higher she was rated by her cooperating teacher. During student teaching, student teachers became significantly more oriented to the roles of Disciplinarian and Referred although in order of preference these were the two least preferred roles. By the end of student teaching, student teachers were also significantly more oriented toward the role of Disciplinarian than were their cooperating teachers.
Portable Electric Appliance Usage by Households
Authors: Hassoun Virginia S.
Published: March 2007

Information on portable electric appliance use has been based on estimates and small nonrandom samples from the Association of Home Appliance Manufac turers (AHAM) or the Edison Electric Institute (EEI). Reported here is an analysis of use by a random sample of 275 families selected from customers of four electric utility companies serving rural and urban areas within 100 miles of Columbus, Ohio. Findings are compared with the AHAM and EEI estimates. Family charac teristics with a positive significant relationship to use of small electric appliances were number of people in the household, level of education of the home man ager, and number of appliances owned (analysis of covariance). Variables not related to usage were urban or rural location, employment of the participant, and “yes” or “no” response to the necessity to consider energy consumption when shopping for an appliance. Mean number of small appliances owned was 26 (S.D., 9; range, 6 to 81). Six use‐group profiles were identified for 56 appliances in a cluster analysis. Usage reported by the sample was generally less than re ported by AHAM and EEI.
Colors Compared: Matisse and Picasso with Chanel and Vionnet
Authors: Farrell‐Beck Jane A. , VerPloeg Petsch Jan
Published: March 2007

The objective of this research was to test the relationship between the fine arts and couture clothing in respect to color. The researchers compared the chromatic and achromatic hues used by the painters Matisse and Picasso with those used by the couturières Chanel and Vionnet, emphasizing the years 1918 through 1929. Using the Munsell color system as a framework, the researchers described the colors in eight paintings and 14 dresses in six collections. The researchers also made color counts in American Vogue for every year from 1918 through 1929, concentrating on the outerwear of Chanel and Vionnet. Colors were compared and contrasted for the painters and designers from 1918‐1924. Other compari sons were garments in fashion copy of 1918‐1924 with actual garments plus copy of 1925‐1929; and colors in paintings of 1918‐1924 with colors in dresses and copy, 1925‐1929. The researchers also reviewed literature for indications of painters' and designers' stated views on color and for their professional contacts with each other. Yellow red was the Munsell hue group much used by all four people across the span of the research. Overall, the designers favored the use of black and white, which were rarely found in the paintings. Blue was important to Picasso, Chanel, and Vionnet in 1918‐1924; both designers continued its use in 1925–1929.
Electric Bedding Use in Southwestern Virginia: Energy, Comfort, Safety, And the Consumer
Authors: Merkel Robert S.
Published: March 2007

Operating characteristics of electric bedding, consumer use of and attitudes to ward electric bedding, and hazards of electric bedding were investigated. The goal was to evaluate the utility of electric bedding for improving thermal comfort of persons attempting to sleep in houses with nighttime temperature settings lowered to 55°F; if universally adopted, this setback could save about one percent of total U.S. energy consumption. Electric blankets and electric mattress pads provide ample heat at “a few pennies a night” with the pads using about half the electrical energy of the blankets. If turned on several minutes before retiring, they prewarm a bed. Most users of electric bedding appreciated the product and followed manufacturers' precautions to improve electrical safety. A major excep tion was the tendency for most electric blanket users to add a warm top cover over the blanket. Some nonusers of electric bedding over‐estimate the cost of operation; others fear shock or fire hazard. Consumer Product Safety Commission data on accidents, investigations, and deaths associated with electric bedding and other consumer products show that electric bedding does present some fire hazard. Current efforts by manufacturers and Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. are intended to reduce the existing level of hazard.
Satisfaction with Housing and Quality of Life
Authors: Peck Carolyn , Kay Stewart K.
Published: March 2007

The purposes of this study were: (1) to analyze the contribution of housing sat isfaction as one of 13 life domain satisfactions to overall satisfaction with quality of life and (2) to analyze the relationship of housing satisfaction with housing characteristics and socio‐demographic characteristics of respondents. The sample was a proportional, stratified, random sample of 2,700 Oklahoma households. Findings indicated that an increase in housing satisfaction was accompanied by a significant increase in overall life satisfaction. Higher levels of housing satis faction were associated with higher neighborhood satisfaction, better structural quality, ownership, lower person‐per‐room ratios, more years in residence, and lower perceived housing cost. It was concluded that: (1) housing satisfaction does contribute to overall life satisfaction, and (2) housing satisfaction is related to neighborhood satisfaction and characteristics of the dwelling unit.
Smolder‐Resistant Finish for Cotton Upholstery Fabrics
Authors: Cheek Lenore , Olsen Neva , Summers Teresa
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a smolder‐resistant finish for cotton upholstery fabrics. The treatment was found to be effective in controlling the smolder propensity of fabrics weighing up to 610 g/m2. The treated fabrics passed the ASTM‐proposed fabric classification test which identifies fabrics which are safe to use over polyurethane foam upholstered constructions. The treatment, consisting of borax, phosphoric acid, and a resin binder, was applied using a pad‐dry‐cure procedure. A treatment formulation providing a boric oxide level of 3.5 percent was found to provide optimum smolder protection. Performance properties of treated fabrics were examined: abrasion resistance was greatly in creased while tear and breaking strength were somewhat decreased.
Liturgical Vestments And The Priest Role
Authors: Littrell Mary Ann , Evers Sandra J.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of the research was to examine the dynamic nature of a specific role, that of the Catholic priest, and to identify associations between clothing change and role change. Propositions concerning change in role clarity and role character provided the conceptual framework. Chasubles that had been custom designed at St. Francis Convent, Hankinson, North Dakota, were the data for the research. Diversity and type of vestment design were analyzed for 650 chasubles produced during three decades. The decades of the 1950s through the 1970s were associated with changes in the priest role, the liturgy, and priest‐laity relations. Standard deviations, a measure of diversity based on the Pearson chi square, means, and frequencies were used to describe the data. Vestments from the 1960s, when the priest role was unclear, were more diverse in percent of area covered by embellishment, number of motifs per garment, and design organi zation than were vestments from the 1950s or 1970s. Lower percentages of em bellishment, fewer motifs per garment, and simpler design organization on 1970s than 1950s chasubles were considered symbolic of change in priest‐laity relations. Questions are raised for future cross‐role research.
Food Intake Measurement: University Dining Halls As An Extension Of The Laboratory
Authors: Mitchell Sandra J. , Leklem James E.
Published: March 2007

Measurement of dietary intake is complicated by various factors which make accuracy measurement difficult when the usual dietary intake is maintained. A method used recently by the authors to measure food intakes of subjects in a university residence hall dining room is described. The time costs of this method are shown to be similar to those of metabolic laboratory studies. The advantages of using the dining hall method are reduced financial costs and minimal disrup tion of subject's food habits. The need for an accurate but valid measure of food intake as a dependent variable in an experimental situation was met by the dining hall method.
Pesticide Deposition Patterns On Garments During Air Blast Field Spraying
Authors: Dejonge Jacquelyn Orlando , Ayers George , Branson Donna
Published: March 2007

This field study determined the patterns of pesticide deposition on garments worn by subjects spraying pesticides under typical use conditions. Fluorescein dye was added to the air‐blast sprayer for ultraviolet visual analysis and color‐ metric analytical techniques. Both analyses revealed highest areas of deposition to be: the head, front and back upper torso, and front upper legs. Results were compared with previous research defining pesticide absorption rates of different body sites. Specifications for garment design and applicator dressing were de termined. The methodology provides a technique for impact analysis of other functional apparel design problems.