bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes and Clinical Presentation of Drug-Induced Dermatomyositis
Authors: Caravan Sahar , Lopez Christopher M. , Yeh Jennifer E.
Published: January 2024

Importance

While several medications are known to induce dermatomyositis (DM), most existing studies are case reports or small case series from a single institution. There is also limited information on DM induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are increasingly used in oncologic therapy.

Objective

To characterize causes and clinical presentation of drug-induced DM based on the current literature.

Evidence Review

A systematic review was performed in PubMed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines, from inception to August 22, 2022. Articles meeting preestablished inclusion criteria (written in English and classified as original articles, case reports, literature reviews, and observation letters) were selected and data abstracted. Articles that met the scope of the review were also added from reference lists. When possible, study results were quantitatively combined.

Findings

In 134 studies (114 from the literature search and 20 additional studies pulled from reference lists) describing 165 cases, 88 patients (53.3%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 61 (49-69) years. Among the cases of drug-induced DM, the most common associated medications were hydroxyurea (50 [30.3%]), immune checkpoint inhibitors (27 [16.4%]), statins (22 [13.3%]), penicillamine (10 [6.1%]), and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (10 [6.1%]). Histopathologic testing, when undertaken, helped establish the diagnosis. There was a median (IQR) of 60 (21-288) days between drug initiation and drug-induced DM onset. History of cancer was reported in 85 cases (51.6%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review, drug-induced DM was associated with multiple types of medications, including chemotherapies and immunotherapies. It is essential that dermatologists promptly recognize and diagnose drug-induced DM so that they can guide management to minimize interruption of therapy when possible.
Medical Student Burnout by Race, Ethnicity, and Multiple Disability Status
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Meeks Lisa M. , Pereira-Lima Karina , Bullock Justin L. , Addams Amy N. , Moreland Christopher J. , Boatright Dowin B.
Published: January 2024

This cohort study examines the prevalence of burnout among students underrepresented in medicine by race and ethnicity with multiple disability types.
Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Convective Gene Therapy Perfusion of the Brain
Authors: Akhter Asad S. , Bankiewicz Krzysztof S. , Lonser Russell R.
Published: January 2024

This article discusses use of intraoperative MRI in convective gene therapy perfusion.
Turning Normal to Abnormal: Reversing CO2/C2‐Hydrocarbon Selectivity in HKUST‐1
Authors: Mohamed Mona H. , Elzeny Islam , Samuel Joshua , Xu Wenqian , Malliakas Christos D , Picard Yoosuf N. , Pham Tony , Miller Lenore , Hogan Adam , Space Brian , Hopkinson David , Elsaidi Sameh K.
Published: January 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can efficiently purify hydrocarbons from CO2, but their rapid saturation, driven by preferential hydrocarbon adsorption, requires energy‐intensive adsorption–desorption processes. To address these challenges, an innovative approach is developed, enabling control over MOF flexibility through densification and defect engineering, resulting in an intriguing inverse CO2/C2 hydrocarbon selectivity. In this study, the densification process induces the shearing of the crystal lattice and contraction of pores in a defective CuBTC MOF. These changes have led to a remarkable transformation in selectivity, where the originally hydrocarbon‐selective CuBTC MOF becomes CO2‐selective. The selectivity values for densified CuBTC are significantly reversed when compared to its powder form, with notable improvements observed in CO2/C2H6 (4416 vs 0.61), CO2/C2H4 (15 vs 0.28), and CO2/C2H2 (4 vs 0.2). The densified material shows impressive separation, regeneration, and recyclability during dynamic breakthrough experiments with complex quinary gas mixtures. Simulation studies indicate faster CO2 passage through the tetragonal structure of densified CuBTC compared to C2H2. Experimental kinetic diffusion studies confirm accelerated CO2 diffusion over hydrocarbons in the densified MOF, attributed to its small pore window and minimal interparticle voids. This research introduces a promising strategy for refining existing and future MOF materials, enhancing their separation performance.
Off‐Centering of Ge Atoms in GeBi2Te4 and Impact on Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Dong Jinfeng , Hu Lei , Liu Jue , Liu Yukun , Jiang Yilin , Yu Zhiling , Tan Xian Yi , Suwardi Ady , Zheng Qiang , Li Qian , Li Jing‐Feng , Dravid Vinayak P. , Yan Qingyu , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: January 2024

The crystal structure and transport properties of GeBi2Te4 are investigated as a layered compound with potential applications as thermoelectric materials. A disordered arrangement of Ge and Bi atoms in a septuple‐layer structure is discovered through synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Neutron pair distribution function analysis revealed the presence of discordant Ge atoms with an off‐centering distance of 0.12 Å at 300 K. The thermal conductivity of GeBi2Te4 is very low due to the strong phonon scattering. This is a result of the three Einstein local oscillators coupled with the disordered arrangement of atoms. This study also explores further the structural characteristics of these materials and their associated phonon scattering processes. The effect of Sb substitution for Ge on the electrical transport properties of the sample is profound, resulting in a change from p‐type to n‐type conduction. An enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 0.45 at 523 K in the in‐plane direction is obtained. This research provides valuable insights into the crystal structure and transport properties of GeBi2Te4, showcasing its promising role as a thermoelectric material with potential for near‐room‐temperature applications.
Post‐Synthetic Interstitial Metal Doping for Efficient and Stable 3D/2D Heterostructured Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Baktash Ardeshir , Steele Julian A. , He Dongxu , Ding Shanshan , Penukula Saivineeth , Hao Mengmeng , Lin Rijia , Hou Jingwei , Rolston Nicholas , Lyu Miaoqiang , Chen Peng , Wu Wu‐Qiang , Wang Lianzhou
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced exceptional development in recent years, due to their outstanding photoelectronic properties and low‐cost solution processing. Many state‐of‐the‐art PSC designs have been effectively demonstrated using a stacked 3D perovskite/2D perovskite heterostructure, yet limitations arise due to the low conductivity of the 2D perovskite, the hidden buried interface of 3D perovskite, and halide ion migration within 3D/2D PSC device under operational bias. Here, these limitations are overcome by developing a novel and universal post‐synthetic metal (Zn2+) doping strategy and realizing 3D/2D PSCs with superior efficiency and stability. Informed by ab initio calculations and synchrotron fine structure experiments, it is revealed that the introduced zinc ions are energetically favored at interstitial crystal sites, subsequently hindering the migration of halide ions and producing a beneficial shift toward a more n‐type character in the buried 3D perovskite interface. Combined with extensive photophysical characterization, the Zn2+‐modified 3D/2D perovskite thin film is shown to strongly recover its photo‐carrier conductivity compared with the 3D/2D perovskite film, boosting the efficiency (22.90%) of PSCs while exhibiting improved humidity and operational stability.
Genetically Engineered Macrophages Co‐Loaded with CD47 Inhibitors Synergistically Reconstruct Efferocytosis and Improve Cardiac Remodeling Post Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Tan Haipeng , Li Weiyan , Pang Zhiqing , Weng Xueyi , Gao Jinfeng , Chen Jing , Wang Qiaozi , Li Qiyu , Yang Hongbo , Dong Zheng , Wang Zhengmin , Zhu Guangrui , Tan Yiwen , Fu Yuyuan , Han Chengzhi , Cai Shiteng , Qian Juying , Huang Zheyong , Song Yanan , Ge Junbo
Published: January 2024

Efferocytosis, mediated by the macrophage receptor MerTK (myeloid‐epithelial‐reproductive tyrosine kinase), is a significant contributor to cardiac repair after myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury. However, the death of resident cardiac macrophages (main effector cells), inactivation of MerTK （main effector receptor), and overexpression of “do not eat me” signals (brake signals, such as CD47), collectively lead to the impediment of efferocytosis in the post‐MI/R heart. To date, therapeutic strategies targeting individual above obstacles are relatively lacking, let alone their effectiveness being limited due to constraints from the other concurrent two. Herein, inspired by the application research of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR‐Ms) in solid tumors, a genetically modified macrophage‐based synergistic drug delivery strategy that effectively challenging the three major barriers in an integrated manner is developed. This strategy involves the overexpression of exogenous macrophages with CCR2 (C‐C chemokine receptor type 2) and cleavage‐resistant MerTK, as well as surface clicking with liposomal PEP‐20 (a CD47 antagonist). In MI/R mice model, this synergistic strategy can effectively restore cardiac efferocytosis after intravenous injection, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response, ultimately preserving cardiac function. This therapy focuses on inhibiting the initiation and promoting active resolution of inflammation, providing new insights for immune‐regulatory therapy.
Enhanced Heat Dissipation for Macroscopic Metals Achieved by a Single‐Layer Graphene
Authors: Fang Jiayuan , Xu Xujun , Zhang Yang , Ren Qiancheng , Wei Ning , Zhao Pei
Published: January 2024

The increasing demand for high‐performance devices on heat dissipation makes it approach the bottleneck even for metals with high thermal conductivities. The coating of only one layer of graphene, the heat dissipation performances of Cu, Ag, and Al can be further enhanced, e.g., with a maximum temperature reduction by ≈9% for a Cu foil is demonstrated. Molecular dynamics (MD) analysis of spectral phonon transmission reveals that low‐frequency phonons play a significant role in the thermal transport within the Cu/single‐layer graphene (SLG) system, and the high‐frequency phonons exhibit substantial mismatch. It suggests that the thermal anisotropy of graphene enables a rapid heat dispersion in the in‐plane direction and provides an effective thermal insulation in the out‐of‐plane direction. The thermal conductivity calculations demonstrate an enhanced participation of phonons in heat conduction by the graphene layer, indicating a novel heat conduction mechanism in the Cu/single‐layer graphene system. These findings highlight the positive impact of graphene on the heat conduction of metals, and they will hold crucial implications for the design and application of graphene‐based thermal devices is believed.
Efficient Energy Transfer and Singlet Fission in Co‐Deposited Thin Films of Pentacene and Anthradithiophene
Authors: Hofeditz Nico , Hausch Julian , Broch Katharina , Heimbrodt Wolfram , Schreiber Frank , Gerhard Marina
Published: January 2024

Co‐deposited molecular heterostructures with statistical intermixing of the constituents are attractive candidates to tune the optical and the transport properties, as well as the ability to promote photophysical processes like singlet fission. In order to comprehend and control the singlet fission mechanism in these systems, it is of utmost interest to study the underlying excited state dynamics. In this work, thin films of anthradithiophene blended with the efficient singlet fission material pentacene are investigated by means of time‐resolved and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy with a time resolution of a few picoseconds. The analysis of the photoluminescence dynamics points toward efficient funneling of excitons from anthradithiophene via isolated pentacene molecules to agglomerates of pentacene, where eventually singlet fission occurs. The efficient and largely temperature‐independent quenching of the luminescence in anthradithiophene is attributed to a favorable cascade‐like alignment of the energy levels, and it is hypothesized that Förster resonance energy transfer is the main driving mechanism for exciton transport to pentacene agglomerates. The system investigated here can serve as a blueprint for the design of other molecular heterostructures with spatially separated light harvesting and singlet fission regions.
Perspectives of Material Optimization Strategies for High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Ji Haifeng , Sun Cong , Sun Xuhui , Wen Zhen
Published: January 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have unique advantages in harvesting low‐frequency irregular mechanical energy, and their output mainly depends on the surface charge density. Inhibiting the loss of triboelectric charges and optimizing the dielectric properties of materials are effective methods for boosting the surface charge density. Several optimization strategies for triboelectric layers, such as surface modification, insertion of intermediate layers, and optimization of dielectric properties, have been reported to improve the output performance of TENGs. In this perspective, first, the material optimization strategies for improving the output performance of TENGs are discussed. Then, in terms of output enhancement, the problems that need to be solved in the future are proposed. Finally, the future roads of high‐performance TENGs for truly realizing efficient mechanical‐energy harvesting are discussed.
Cfp1 Controls Cardiomyocyte Maturation by Modifying Histone H3K4me3 of Structural, Metabolic, and Contractile Related Genes
Authors: Li Changzhu , Zhang Yang , Shen Jingling , Bao Hairong , Zhao Yue , Li Desheng , Li Sijia , Liu Yining , Yang Jiming , Zhou Zhiwen , Gao Kangyi , Zhao Lexin , Pei Yao , Lu Yanjie , Pan Zhenwei , Cai Benzhi
Published: January 2024

Cardiomyocyte maturation is the final stage of heart development, and abnormal cardiomyocyte maturation will lead to serious heart diseases. CXXC zinc finger protein 1 (Cfp1), a key epigenetic factor in multi‐lineage cell development, remains underexplored in its influence on cardiomyocyte maturation. This study investigates the role and mechanisms of Cfp1 in this context. Cardiomyocyte‐specific Cfp1 knockout (Cfp1‐cKO) mice died within 4 weeks of birth. Cardiomyocytes derived from Cfp1‐cKO mice showed an inhibited maturation phenotype, characterized by structural, metabolic, contractile, and cell cycle abnormalities. In contrast, cardiomyocyte‐specific Cfp1 transgenic (Cfp1‐TG) mice and human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) overexpressing Cfp1 displayed a more mature phenotype. Mechanistically, deficiency of Cfp1 led to a reduction in trimethylation on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) modification, accompanied by the formation of ectopic H3K4me3. Furthermore, Cfp1 deletion decreased the level of H3K4me3 modification in adult genes and increased the level of H3K4me3 modification in fetal genes. Collectively, Cfp1 modulates the expression of genes crucial to cardiomyocyte maturation by regulating histone H3K4me3 modification, thereby intricately influencing the maturation process. This study implicates Cfp1 as an important molecule regulating cardiomyocyte maturation, with its dysfunction strongly linked to cardiac disease.
Axially Coordinated Gold Nanoclusters Tailoring Fe–N–C Nanozymes for Enhanced Oxidase‐Like Specificity and Activity
Authors: Xie Yameng , Sun Fuli , Chang Kuan , Li Guang , Song Zhijia , Huang Jiayu , Cheng Xiqing , Zhuang Guilin , Kuang Qin
Published: January 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOF) derived nitrogen‐doped carbon‐supported monodisperse Fe (Fe–N–C) catalysts are intensively studied, but great challenges remain in understanding the relationship between the coordination structure and the performance of Fe–N–C nanozymes. Herein, a novel nanocluster ligand‐bridging strategy is proposed for constructing Fe‐S1N4 structures with axially coordinated S and Au nanoclusters on ZIF‐8 derived Fe–N–C (labeled Aux/Fe‐S1N4‐C). The axial Au nanoclusters facilitate electron transfer to Fe active sites, utilizing the bridging ligand S as a medium, thereby enhancing the oxygen adsorption capacity of composite nanozymes. Compared to Fe‐N‐C, Aux/Fe‐S1N4‐C exhibits high oxidase‐like specificity and activity, and holds great potential for detecting acetylcholinesterase activity with a detection limit of 5.1 µU mL−1, surpassing most reported nanozymes.
Biomimetic Exogenous “Tissue Batteries” as Artificial Power Sources for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices Manufacturing
Authors: Yue Ouyang , Wang Xuechuan , Xie Long , Bai Zhongxue , Zou Xiaoliang , Liu Xinhua
Published: January 2024

Implantable bioelectronic devices (IBDs) have gained attention for their capacity to conformably detect physiological and pathological signals and further provide internal therapy. However, traditional power sources integrated into these IBDs possess intricate limitations such as bulkiness, rigidity, and biotoxicity. Recently, artificial “tissue batteries” (ATBs) have diffusely developed as artificial power sources for IBDs manufacturing, enabling comprehensive biological‐activity monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy. ATBs are on‐demand and designed to accommodate the soft and confining curved placement space of organisms, minimizing interface discrepancies, and providing ample power for clinical applications. This review presents the near‐term advancements in ATBs, with a focus on their miniaturization, flexibility, biodegradability, and power density. Furthermore, it delves into material‐screening, structural‐design, and energy density across three distinct categories of TBs, distinguished by power supply strategies. These types encompass innovative energy storage devices (chemical batteries and supercapacitors), power conversion devices that harness power from human‐body (biofuel cells, thermoelectric nanogenerators, bio‐potential devices, piezoelectric harvesters, and triboelectric devices), and energy transfer devices that receive and utilize external energy (radiofrequency‐ultrasound energy harvesters, ultrasound‐induced energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Ultimately, future challenges and prospects emphasize ATBs with the indispensability of bio‐safety, flexibility, and high‐volume energy density as crucial components in long‐term implantable bioelectronic devices.
Nanoscale Vector Magnetic Sensing with Current‐Driven Stochastic Nanomagnet
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Li Shihao , Guo Zhe , Xu Yan , Li Ruofan , Chen Zhenjiang , Song Min , Yang Xiaofei , Li Liang , Zou Xuecheng , You Long
Published: January 2024

Detection of vector magnetic fields at nanoscale dimensions is critical in applications ranging from basic material science and fundamental physics to information storage and medical diagnostics. So far, nanoscale vector magnetic field sensing is achieved solely by exploiting a single nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) center in a diamond, by evaluating the Zeeman splitting of NV spin qubits by using the technique of an optically‐detected magnetic resonance. This protocol requires a complex optical setup and expensive detection systems to detect the photoluminescence light, which may limit miniaturization and scalability. Here, a simple approach with all‐electric operation to sensing a vector magnetic field at 200 × 200 nm2 dimensions is experimentally demonstrated, by monitoring a stochastic nanomagnet's transition probability from a metastable state, excited by a driving current due to spin‐orbit torque, to a settled state.
Raced and risky subjects: The interplay of racial and managerial ideologies as an expression of “colorblind” racism
Authors: Agung‐Igusti Rama P.
Published: January 2024

Contemporary manifestations of race are dynamic and elusive in the forms and shapes they take. “Colourblind” racism is effective at drawing on seemingly objective and race‐neutral discourses to obfuscate racialized forms of structural exclusion. Framed by Critical Race Theory and Critical Narrative Analysis this paper presents an example from the Australian context that examines the relationships between a grassroots initiative developed by creatives from the African diaspora and two not‐for‐profit human services organizations, to illustrate how ideologies of race are enacted and obscured by managerialist ideologies and discourses of risk. Specifically, it shows how harmful dominant cultural narratives of deficit and danger transforms racialized Africans in Australia into “risky subjects.” In a managerialist organization, risk must be controlled, and thus risk becomes the rationality for the control of racialized and risky subjects. Resistance to control by those subjects produces forms of organizational defensiveness that are mobilized through managerialist discourses and practices that work to structurally exclude. These findings illustrate the ways ideologies of race work alongside and through other ideological discourses and practices which render racialized dynamics of oppression race‐neutral.
Facilitating the Electrochemical Oxidation of ZnS through Iodide Catalysis for Aqueous Zinc‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hei Peng , Sai Ya , Liu Chang , Li Wenjie , Wang Jing , Sun Xiaoqi , Song Yu , Liu Xiao‐Xia
Published: January 2024

Aqueous zinc‐sulfur (Zn‐S) batteries show great potential for unlocking high energy and safety aqueous batteries. Yet, the sluggish kinetic and poor redox reversibility of the sulfur conversion reaction in aqueous solution challenge the development of Zn‐S batteries. Here, we fabricate a high‐performance Zn‐S battery using highly water‐soluble ZnI2 as an effective catalyst. In situ experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the strong interaction between I− and the ZnS nanoparticles (discharge product) leads to the atomic rearrangement of ZnS, weakening the Zn‐S bonding, and thus facilitating the electrochemical oxidation reaction of ZnS to S. The aqueous Zn‐S battery exhibited a high energy density of 742 Wh kg(sulfur)−1 at the power density of 210.8 W kg(sulfur)−1 and good cycling stability over 550 cycles. Our findings provide new insights about the iodide catalytic effect for cathode conversion reaction in Zn‐S batteries, which is conducive to promoting the future development of high‐performance aqueous batteries.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Curved Aromatics: From Donor–Acceptor Porphyrins to Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces
Authors: Kumar Sunit , Lis Tadeusz , Bury Wojciech , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Garbicz Mateusz , Stępień Marcin
Published: January 2024

A saddle‐shaped π‐extended zinc porphyrin containing a peripheral pyridyl ligand undergoes quantitative self‐assembly into a cyclic trimer. The trimer has a prismatic structure with negatively curved side walls, which promote the formation of supramolecular organic frameworks stabilized by dispersion interactions. The first framework type, UWr‐1, has the npo topology, with a hexagonal structure analogous to the Schwartz H triply periodic minimal surface. Co‐crystallization of the trimer with either C60 and C70 produces the isomorphous cubic UWr‐2 and UWr‐3 phases, characterized by the ctn network topology and a structural relationship to the Fischer‐Koch minimal surface S. All three phases contain complex labyrinths of solvent‐filled channels, corresponding to very large probe‐accessible volumes (68 % to 76 %). The UWr‐2 network could be partly desolvated while retaining its long range dimensional order, indicating remarkable strength of the dispersion interactions in the crystal. A theoretical analysis of noncovalent interactions shows the role of geometrical matching between the negatively curved porphyrin units and positively curved fullerenes.
Vinylogous Urea—Urethane Vitrimers: Accelerating and Inhibiting Network Dynamics through Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Engelen Stéphanie , Dolinski Neil D. , Chen Chuqiao , Ghimire Elina , Lindberg Charlie A. , Crolais Alex E. , Nitta Natsumi , Winne Johan M. , Rowan Stuart J. , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: January 2024

Vinylogous urethane (VUO) based polymer networks are widely used as catalyst‐free vitrimers that show rapid covalent bond exchange at elevated temperatures. In solution, vinylogous ureas (VUN) undergo much faster bond exchange than VUO and are highly dynamic at room temperature. However, this difference in reactivity is not observed in their respective dynamic polymer networks, as VUO and VUN vitrimers prepared herein with very similar macromolecular architectures show comparable stress relaxation and creep behavior. However, by using mixtures of VUO and VUN linkages within the same network, the dynamic reactions can be accelerated by an order of magnitude. The results can be rationalized by the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which is absent in VUO vitrimers, but is very pronounced for vinylogous urea moieties. At low concentrations of VUN, these hydrogen bonds act as catalysts for covalent bond exchange, while at high concentration, they provide a pervasive vinylogous urea ‐ urethane (VU) network of strong non‐covalent interactions, giving rise to phase separation and inhibiting polymer chain dynamics. This offers a straightforward design principle for dynamic polymer materials, showing at the same time the possible additive and synergistic effects of supramolecular and dynamic covalent polymer networks.
Selective Upcycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate towards High‐valued Oxygenated Chemical Methyl p‐Methyl Benzoate using a Cu/ZrO2 Catalyst
Authors: Cheng Jianian , Xie Jin , Xi Yongjie , Wu Xiaojing , Zhang Ruihui , Mao Zhihe , Yang Hongfang , Li Zelong , Li Can
Published: January 2024

Upgrading of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into valuable oxygenated molecules is a fascinating process, yet it remains challenging. Herein, we developed a two‐step strategy involving methanolysis of PET to dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), followed by hydrogenation of DMT to produce the high‐valued chemical methyl p‐methyl benzoate (MMB) using a fixed‐bed reactor and a Cu/ZrO2 catalyst. Interestingly, we discovered the phase structure of ZrO2 significantly regulates the selectivity of products. Cu supported on monoclinic ZrO2 (5 %Cu/m‐ZrO2) exhibits an exceptional selectivity of 86 % for conversion of DMT to MMB, while Cu supported on tetragonal ZrO2 (5 %Cu/t‐ZrO2) predominantly produces p‐xylene (PX) with selectivity of 75 %. The superior selectivity of MMB over Cu/m‐ZrO2 can be attributed to the weaker acid sites present on m‐ZrO2 compared to t‐ZrO2. This weak acidity of m‐ZrO2 leads to a moderate adsorption capability of MMB, and facilitating its desorption. Furthermore, DFT calculations reveal Cu/m‐ZrO2 catalyst shows a higher effective energy barrier for cleavage of second C−O bond compared to Cu/t‐ZrO2 catalyst; this distinction ensures the high selectivity of MMB. This catalyst not only presents an approach for upgrading of PET waste into fine chemicals but also offers a strategy for controlling the primary product in a multistep hydrogenation reaction.
Three‐Dimensional Polar Perovskites for Highly Sensitive Self‐Driven X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Guan Qianwen , You Shihai , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Li Ruiqing , Ye Huang , Zhang Chengshu , Li Hang , Ji Chengmin , Liu Xitao , Luo Junhua
Published: January 2024

Three‐dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have achieved tremendous success in direct X‐ray detection due to their high absorption coefficient and excellent carrier transport. However, owing to the centrosymmetry of classic 3D structures, these reported X‐ray detectors mostly require external electrical fields to run, resulting in bulky overall circuitry, high energy consumption, and operational instability. Herein, we first report the unprecedented radiation photovoltage in 3D OIHP for efficient self‐driven X‐ray detection. Specifically, the 3D polar OIHP MhyPbBr3 (1, Mhy=methylhydrazine) shows an intrinsic radiation photovoltage (0.47 V) and large mobility‐lifetime product (1.1×10−3 cm2 V−1) under X‐ray irradiation. Strikingly, these excellent physical characteristics endow 1 with sensitive self‐driven X‐ray detection performance, showing a considerable sensitivity of 220 μC Gy−1 cm−2, which surpasses those of most self‐driven X‐ray detectors. This work first explores highly sensitive self‐driven X‐ray detection in 3D polar OIHPs, shedding light on future practical applications.
Microbubble Biointerfacing by Regulation of the Platelet Membrane Surfactant Activity at the Gas‐Liquid Interface for Acute Thrombosis Targeting
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Jin Weikui , Huang Shengyu , Wang Wenqi , Wang Siyu , Yu Zhen , Gao Li , Gao Yu , Han Hao , Wang Lianhui
Published: January 2024

Biointerfacing nanomaterials with cell membranes has been successful in the functionalization of nanoparticles or nanovesicles, but microbubble functionalization remains challenging due to the unique conformation of the lipid monolayer structure at the gas‐liquid interface that provides insufficient surfactant activity. Here, we describe a strategy to rationally regulate the surfactant activity of platelet membrane vesicles by adjusting the ratio of proteins to lipids through fusion with synthetic phospholipids (i.e., liposomes). A “platesome” with the optimized protein‐to‐lipid ratio can be assembled at the gas‐liquid interface in the same manner as pulmonary surfactants to stabilize a microsized gas bubble. Platesome microbubbles (PMBs) inherited 61.4 % of the platelet membrane vesicle proteins and maintained the active conformation of integrin αIIbβ3 without the talin 1 for fibrin binding. We demonstrated that the PMBs had good stability, long circulation, and superior functionality both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, by molecular ultrasound imaging, the PMBs provide up to 11.8 dB of ultrasound signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement for discriminating between acute and chronic thrombi. This surface tension regulating strategy may provide a paradigm for biointerfacing microbubbles with cell membranes, offering a potential new approach for the construction of molecular ultrasound contrast agents for the diagnosis of different diseases.
Stereodivergent Protein Engineering of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase for Light‐Driven Kinetic Resolution of Sec‐Alcohol Oxalates
Authors: Mou Kaihao , Guo Yue , Xu Weihua , Li Danyang , Wang Zhiguo , Wu Qi
Published: January 2024

Stereodivergent engineering of one enzyme to create stereocomplementary variants for synthesizing optically pure molecules with tailor‐made (R) or (S) configurations on an optional basis is highly desirable and challenging. This study aimed to engineer fatty acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis (CvFAP) using the focused rational iterative site‐specific mutagenesis (FRISM) strategy to obtain two highly stereocomplementary variants with excellent selectivity (both giving products with up to 99 % e.e.). These variants were used for the CvFAP‐catalyzed light‐driven kinetic resolution of oxalates or oxamic acids prepared from the corresponding sec‐alcohols or amines, providing a new biotransformation process for preparing chiral sec‐alcohols and amines. Molecular dynamics simulation, kinetic data and transient spectra revealed the source of selectivity. This study represents the first example of the kinetic resolution of sec‐alcohols or amines catalyzed by a pair of stereocomplementary CvFAPs.
Intensified Continuous Flow Process for the Scalable Production of Bio‐Based Glycerol Carbonate**
Authors: Muzyka Claire , Renson Sébastien , Grignard Bruno , Detrembleur Christophe , Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe M.
Published: January 2024

A subtle combination of fundamental and applied organic chemistry toward process intensification is demonstrated for the large‐scale production of bio‐based glycerol carbonate under flow conditions. The direct carbonation of bio‐based glycidol with CO2 is successfully carried out under intensified flow conditions, with Barton's base as a potent homogeneous organocatalyst. Process metrics for the CO2 coupling step (for the upstream production, output: 3.6 kg day−1, Space Time Yield (STY): 2.7 kg h−1 L−1, Environmental factor (E‐factor): 4.7) outclass previous reports. High conversion and selectivity are achieved in less than 30 s of residence time at pilot scale with a stoichiometric amount of CO2. Supporting DFT computations reveal the unique features of the mechanism in presence of Brønsted bases.
Modular Synthesis of Fully‐Substituted and Configuration‐Defined Alkyl Vinyl Ethers Enabled by Dual‐Functional Copper Catalysis
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Tao , Chen Zhengzhao , Xia Ying
Published: January 2024

Here we present a modular, chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective synthesis of fully‐substituted and configuration‐defined alkyl vinyl ethers (AVEs) using simple chemical feedstocks. The distinctive approach involves the chemo‐ and regioselective functionalization of the CF2 unit in gem‐difluorinated cyclopropanes with O−H and C−H nucleophiles in a specific order. The resulting highly functionalized cyclopropanyl ethers then undergo a stereoselective ring‐opening process to produce fully‐substituted and configuration‐defined AVEs. These AVEs are rarely accessible through conventional methods and are easily transformable. Mechanistic experiments indicate that the success of this method relies on the use of dual‐functional copper catalysis, which is involved in both the functionalization of the CF2 unit and the subsequent ring‐opening process.
Tailoring Li Deposition by Regulating Structural Connectivity of Electrochemical Li Reservoir in Li‐metal Batteries
Authors: Lin Liang , Yue Ke , Xia Li , Yan Xiaolin , Zheng Hongfei , Zhang Yinggan , Sa Baisheng , Li Junjie , Wang Laisen , Lin Jie , Liu Yujing , Wei Guoying , Peng Dong‐Liang , Xie Qingshui
Published: January 2024

Irregular Li deposition is the major reason for poor reversibility and cycle instability in Li metal batteries, even leading to safety hazards, the causes of which have been extensively explored. The structural disconnection induced by completely dissolving Li in the traditional testing protocol is a key factor accounting for irregular Li growth during the subsequent deposition process. Herein, the critical role played by the structural connectivity of electrochemical Li reservoir in subsequent Li deposition behaviors is elucidated and a morphology‐performance correlation is established. The structural connection and resultant well‐distributed morphology of the in situ electrochemical Li reservoir ensure efficient electron transfer and Li+ diffusion pathway, finally leading to homogenized Li nucleation and growth. Tailoring the geometry of Li reservoir can improve the coulombic efficiency and cyclability of anode‐free Li metal batteries by optimizing Li deposition behavior.
Evolution of the temporal skull openings in land vertebrates: A hypothetical framework on the basis of biomechanics
Authors: Werneburg Ingmar , Preuschoft Holger
Published: January 2024

The complex constructions of land vertebrate skulls have inspired a number of functional analyses. In the present study, we provide a basic view on skull biomechanics and offer a framework for more general observations using advanced modeling approaches in the future. We concentrate our discussion on the cranial openings in the temporal skull region and work out two major, feeding‐related factors that largely influence the shape of the skull. We argue that (1) the place where the most forceful biting is conducted and (2) the handling of resisting food (sideward movements) constitute the formation and shaping of either one or two temporal arcades surrounding these openings. Diversity in temporal skull anatomy among amniotes can be explained by specific modulations of these factors with different amounts of acting forces which inevitably lead to deposition or reduction of bone material. For example, forceful anterior bite favors an infratemporal bar, whereas forceful posterior bite favors formation of an upper temporal arcade. Transverse forces (inertia and resistance of seized objects) as well as neck posture also influence the shaping of the temporal region. Considering their individual skull morphotypes, we finally provide hypotheses on the feeding adaptation in a variety of major tetrapod groups. We did not consider ligaments, internal bone structure, or cranial kinesis in our considerations. Involving those in quantitative tests of our hypotheses, such as finite element system synthesis, will provide a comprehensive picture on cranial mechanics and evolution in the future.
Comparison of different global ensemble prediction systems for tropical cyclone intensity forecasting
Authors: Lu Deyu , Ding Ruiqiang , Mao Jiangyu , Zhong Quanjia , Zou Qian
Published: January 2024

Many meteorological centers have operationally implemented global model‐based ensemble prediction systems (GEPSs), making tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts from these systems available. The relatively low resolution of these GEPSs means that limits previous studies primarily focused on TC track forecasting. However, recent GEPS upgrades mean that TC intensity predictions from GEPSs are now also becoming of interest. This study focuses on the verification and comparison of the latest generation of GEPSs for TC intensity forecasts, particularly during the rapid intensification (RI) period over the western North Pacific (WP), eastern North Pacific (EP), and North Atlantic (NA) basins in 2021–2022. On average, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) GEPS performed best in predicting both TC intensity and RI across all three basins. Nevertheless, the exact timing of RI remains highly uncertain for these GEPS, indicating significant limitations in using GEPSs to forecast RI.
Teaching biologics design using molecular modeling and simulations
Authors: Phillips Andrew , Srinivas Anusha , Prentoska Ilina , O'Dea Margaret , Kustrup Matthew , Hurley Sarah , Bruno Savannah , Nguyen Vy , Lai Pin‐Kuang
Published: January 2024

Teaching chemistry and biology students about biologics design remains challenging despite its increasing importance in pharmaceutical development. Monoclonal antibodies, commonly called mAbs, are the most popular biologics. They have been developed into drugs to treat various diseases in the past decades. Multiple challenges exist for designing proper formulations to stabilize mAbs, such as preventing aggregation and mitigating viscosity. Molecular modeling and simulations can improve pharmaceutical products by examining the interactions between mAbs and other compounds, such as excipients. To introduce students to biopharmaceuticals, eight students at the Stevens Institute of Technology participated in a semester‐long course to learn the challenges of pharmaceutical development and different computational skills to study biologics design. The students started with a limited background in this field. Throughout one semester, they were introduced to various literature and software tools for modeling antibodies and studying their interactions with excipients. This paper aims to develop a course structure to be replicated at other universities and institutions to teach biopharmaceutical development to students.
Increased FBS application fee has underlying impact
Authors: Romano Robert J.
Published: January 2024

In October, when the NCAA's Division I Council adopted a series of membership rules and requirements for colleges and universities wanting to move from the Football Championship Subdivision to Football Bowl Subdivision, the most significant change was raising the application fee from $5,000 to $5 million.
Did court dismiss football player's negligence claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2024

A first‐year football player at Ithaca College signed an “acknowledgment of risk form,” acknowledging the risk of head injury and concussion during football activities. Shortly thereafter, the football player participated in preseason football practices with other first‐year players. He was identified as a “top prospect” and asked to participate in practice sessions with the returning players.
Esports can bring growth, but requires commitment
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2024

From his front row seat in the national arena of esports at two‐year colleges, Jeff White, J.D., expects to see continued progress and ongoing growth in esports programs, which in turn can help colleges attract more students to their institutions. “Esports are 100% an enrollment strategy for institutions and a retention and completion strategy for students,” he said.
Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Sulfate‐based Supramolecular Ion Pairs
Authors: Schmidt Fabian , Poplata Saner , Morris Danny , Burger Stefan , Hegelmann Markus , Love Jason B. , Cokoja Mirza
Published: January 2024

The development of inexpensive and effective catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins to epoxides, which are key commodities for the chemical industry, is a continuing challenge. In this context, we present a supramolecular solution with the development of new host‐guest assemblies of sulfate ions and amidoammonium receptor cations that, for the first time, are shown to act as catalysts for olefin epoxidation by hydrogen peroxide under biphasic conditions. Analysis of the reaction mechanism shows that the reactive and oxidizing peroxymonosulfate is formed in the organic phase. Furthermore, a variety of readily available precursors may be used to form the supramolecular ion pairs (SIPs), which is enabling a large‐scale synthesis of the catalysts while maintaining catalytic control and effectiveness.
An Interface‐cascading Silicon Photoanode with Strengthened Built‐in Electric Field and Enriched Surface Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yin Zhuocheng , Zhang Kaini , Shi Yuchuan , Wang Yiqing , Shen Shaohua
Published: January 2024

To promote interfacial charge transfer process and accelerate surface water oxidation reaction kinetics for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting over n‐type Silicon (n‐Si) based photoanodes, herein, starting with surface stabilized n‐Si/CoOx, a NiOx/NiFeOOH composite overlayer was coated by atomic layer deposition and spray coating to fabricate the multilayer structured n‐Si/CoOx/NiOx/NiFeOOH photoanode. Encouragingly, the obtained n‐Si/CoOx/NiOx/NiFeOOH photoanode exhibits much increased PEC activity for water splitting, with onset potential cathodically shifted to ~0.96 V vs. RHE and photocurrent density increased to 22.6 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE for OER, as compared to n‐Si/CoOx, even significantly surpassing the counterpart n‐Si/CoOx/NiOx/FeOOH and n‐Si/CoOx/NiOx/NiOOH photoanodes. Photophysical and electrochemical characterizations evidence that the deposited CoOx/NiOx/NiFeOOH composite overlayer would create large band bending and strong built‐in electric field at the introduced cascading interfaces, thereby producing a large photovoltage of 650 mV to efficiently accelerate charge transfer from the n‐Si substrate to the electrolyte for water oxidation. Furthermore, the surface oxygen vacancy enriched NiFeOOH overlayer could effectively catalyze the water oxidation reaction by thermodynamically reducing the energy barrier of rate determining step for OER.
Scaling‐up PEM Electrolysis Production: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Locci Carlo , Mertens Mara , Höyng Stefan , Schmid Günter , Bagus Thomas , Lettenmeier Philipp
Published: January 2024

Electrolysis is fundamental to meet the Paris agreement targets, as it serves as an energy storage technology, with hydrogen being a major energy vector to decarbonize the industry sector. In particular, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is well suited for coupling with renewables such as wind turbines and PV. The worldwide objectives for hydrogen ramping up are very ambitious and can only be satisfied with rapid and efficient production. This paper describes how the giga‐factory from Siemens Energy installed in Berlin will play a significant role in satisfying the rising demand of PEM stacks for the company. In addition, challenges such as catalytic material shortage and the need for industrial eco‐systems are discussed.
Real‐world study of palbociclib combined with endocrine therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer: A comparison of subsequent treatment patterns and HER2 expression analysis
Authors: Liang Xu , Zhang Linhui , Gui Xinyu , Di Lijun , Li Huiping , Song Guohong
Published: January 2024

Background

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy (ET) comprise the standard treatment for patients with hormone receptor‐positive and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)‐negative metastatic breast cancer. The optimal systematic treatment after progression on palbociclib and the role of HER2 expression among these patients remain unclear.

Methods

The authors retrospectively identified 361 patients who received palbociclib combined with ET. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed based on subsequent treatments and HER2 status (PFSsub and OSsub, respectively). PFS1 and OS1 were calculated from palbociclib administration to disease progression/death and death from any cause, respectively. PFSsub and OSsub were calculated from subsequent treatment initiation.

Results

The median PFS1 and OS1 were 10.2 and 39.9 months, respectively. The median PFSsub and OSsub of 111 patients (54.7%) who received chemotherapy were 4.9 months and 20.0 months, respectively, whereas those of 89 patients (43.8%) who received endocrine backbone therapy were 5.9 months and 29.3 months, respectively. Among them, 31 patients (15.3%) who received abemaciclib combined with new ET showed better PFSsub and OSsub (12.2 months and not reached, respectively). The median PFS1 was significantly shorter in the HER2‐low subgroup than in the HER2‐zero subgroup among patients who received second‐line or later palbociclib (6.1 vs. 7.8 months; p = .040) but did not differ among patients who received first‐line palbociclib.

Conclusions

Various regimens after palbociclib use were received. An improvement was noted in PFS among patients who received endocrine backbone therapy relative to chemotherapy, which may have been secondary to the receipt of chemotherapy by patients with more aggressive disease. HER2 status was not related to the effect of first‐line palbociclib, but it may play a role in later lines.