bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An information complexity index for probability measures on ℝ with all moments
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Barhoumi Abdessatar , Rhaima Mohamed
Published: August 2016

We prove that, each probability meassure on [Formula: see text], with all moments, is canonically associated with (i) a ∗-Lie algebra; (ii) a complexity index labeled by pairs of natural integers. The measures with complexity index [Formula: see text] consist of two disjoint classes: that of all measures with finite support and the semi-circle-arcsine class (the discussion in Sec. 4.1 motivates this name). The class [Formula: see text] coincides with the [Formula: see text]-measures in the finite support case and includes the semi-circle laws in the infinite support case. In the infinite support case, the class [Formula: see text] includes the arcsine laws, and the class [Formula: see text] appeared in central limit theorems of quantum random walks in the sense of Konno. The classes [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], do not seem to be present in the literature. The class [Formula: see text] includes the Gaussian and Poisson measures and the associated ∗-Lie algebra is the Heisenberg algebra. The class [Formula: see text] includes the non-standard (i.e. neither Gaussian nor Poisson) Meixner distributions and the associated ∗-Lie algebra is a central extension of [Formula: see text]. Starting from [Formula: see text], the ∗-Lie algebra associated to the class [Formula: see text] is infinite dimensional and the corresponding classes include the higher powers of the standard Gaussian.
Generalized Wigner–Yanase–Dyson information revisited
Authors: Cai Liang
Published: August 2016

Motivated by the direct approach to quantum extensions of Fisher information in Chen and Luo [Front. Math. China 2 (2007) 359], we introduce a further generalized version of Wigner–Yanase–Dyson information, and investigate its fundamental properties including positivity, convexity and super-additivity, etc. As an application, we present a generalized uncertainty relation.
Multiple-Railcar High-Speed Train Subject to Braking
Authors: Tran Minh Thi , Ang Kok Keng , Luong Van Hai
Published: August 2016

The dynamic response of a high-speed multiple-railcar train experiencing deceleration under braking condition over a straight track is investigated using the moving element method. Possible sliding of train wheels over the rails is accounted for. The train is assumed to comprise a locomotive as the leading railcar and several passenger railcars connected to each other through train couplers. Each railcar is modeled as a 15-DOF system of interconnected car body, two bogies and four wheels. The rail is modeled as an Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on a two-parameter elastic damped foundation. The train and rails are coupled through normal and tangential wheel–rail contact forces. The effects of various parameters, such as braking torque, coupler stiffness, coupler gap, wheel load, wheel–rail contact condition, initial train speed and partial failure in braking mechanism on the dynamic response of the train subject to braking are investigated. It is found that there is significant interaction between neighboring railcars when the braking torque is applied between the optimal and critical torques. The former is the torque that would result in the smallest braking distance with no occurrence of wheel sliding and the latter is the smallest torque to cause wheel sliding in all four wheels.
Information theoretic sub-network mining characterizes breast cancer subtypes in terms of cancer core mechanisms
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Hur Benjamin , Rhee Sungmin , Lim Sangsoo , Kim Min-Su , Kim Kwangsoo , Han Wonshik , Kim Sun
Published: August 2016

A breast cancer subtype classification scheme, PAM50, based on genetic information is widely accepted for clinical applications. On the other hands, experimental cancer biology studies have been successful in revealing the mechanisms of breast cancer and now the hallmarks of cancer have been determined to explain the core mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Thus, it is important to understand how the breast cancer subtypes are related to the cancer core mechanisms, but multiple studies are yet to address the hallmarks of breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, a new approach that can explain the differences among breast cancer subtypes in terms of cancer hallmarks is needed.

We developed an information theoretic sub-network mining algorithm, differentially expressed sub-network and pathway analysis (DeSPA), that retrieves tumor-related genes by mining a gene regulatory network (GRN) of transcription factors and miRNAs. With extensive experiments of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) breast cancer sequencing data, we showed that our approach was able to select genes that belong to cancer core pathways such as DNA replication, cell cycle, p53 pathways while keeping the accuracy of breast cancer subtype classification comparable to that of PAM50. In addition, our method produces a regulatory network of TF, miRNA, and their target genes that distinguish breast cancer subtypes, which is confirmed by experimental studies in the literature.
Supervoxel Plane Segmentation and Multi-Contact Motion Generation for Humanoid Stair Climbing
Authors: Zhang Tianwei , Caron Stéphane , Nakamura Yoshihiko
Published: August 2016

Stair climbing is still a challenging task for humanoid robots, especially in unknown environments. In this paper, we address this problem from perception to execution. Our first contribution is a real-time plane-segment estimation method using Lidar data without prior models of the staircase. We then integrate this solution with humanoid motion planning. Our second contribution is a stair-climbing motion generator where estimated plane segments are used to compute footholds and stability polygons. We evaluate our method on various staircases. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the generated trajectories in a real-life experiment with the humanoid robot HRP-4.
Aboriginal Participation in Canadian Environmental Assessment: Gap Analysis and Directions for Scholarly Research
Authors: Udofia Aniekan , Noble Bram , Poelzer Greg
Published: August 2016

There has emerged in recent years an increased industry and regulatory demand for the streamlining of environmental assessment (EA), and at the same time, persistent expectations by Aboriginal communities for more effective and meaningful engagement in development decisions. This paper examines the extent to which scholarly research has contributed to solutions for meaningful Aboriginal participation amidst demands for more efficient and shorter timelines for participation and decision-making. Three research priorities are identified from our assessment of peer-reviewed EA scholarly research: the need for empirical-based research assessing the impacts of streamlining on participation and the impacts of meaningful Aboriginal participation on EA efficiencies; the need for better defined scope of issues that should be addressed inside the EA process versus those that are best addressed external to EA; and the need to develop and test alternative mechanisms for Aboriginal participation at the regional and strategic levels, and their contributions to regulatory-based EA decisions.
Global properties for an age-structured within-host model with Crowley–Martin functional response
Authors: Wang Shaoli , Song Xinyu
Published: August 2016

Based on a multi-scale view, in this paper, we study an age-structured within-host model with Crowley–Martin functional response for the control of viral infections. By means of semigroup and Lyapunov function, the global asymptotical property of infected steady state of the model is obtained. The results show that when the basic reproductive number falls below unity, the infection dies out. However, when the basic reproductive number exceeds unity, there exists a unique positive equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. This model can be deduced to different viral models with or without time delay.
Influence of microstructure and AlPO4 secondary-phase on the ionic conductivity of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 solid-state electrolyte
Authors: Yu Shicheng , Mertens Andreas , Gao Xin , Gunduz Deniz Cihan , Schierholz Roland , Benning Svenja , Hausen Florian , Mertens Josef , Kungl Hans , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: August 2016

A ceramic solid-state electrolyte of lithium aluminum titanium phosphate with the composition of Li[Formula: see text]Al[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text](PO[Formula: see text] (LATP) was synthesized by a sol–gel method using a pre-dissolved Ti-source. The annealed LATP powders were subsequently processed in a binder-free dry forming method and sintered under air for the pellet preparation. Phase purity, density, microstructure as well as ionic conductivity of the specimen were characterized. The highest density (2.77[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] with an ionic conductivity of [Formula: see text] (at 30[Formula: see text]C) was reached at a sintering temperature of 1100[Formula: see text]C. Conductivity of LATP ceramic electrolyte is believed to be significantly affected by both, the AlPO4 secondary phase content and the ceramic electrolyte microstructure. It has been found that with increasing sintering temperature, the secondary-phase content of AlPO4 increased. For sintering temperatures above 1000[Formula: see text]C, the secondary phase has only a minor impact, and the ionic conductivity is predominantly determined by the microstructure of the pellet, i.e. the correlation between density, porosity and particle size. In that respect, it has been demonstrated, that the conductivity increases with increasing particle size in this temperature range and density.
On cost-aware biased respondent group selection for minority opinion survey
Authors: Wang Wei , Kim Donghyun , Tetteh Matthew , Liang Jun , Lee Wonjun
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses a new approach to use a specially constructed social relation graph with high homophily to select a survey respondent group under a limited budget such that the result of the survey is biased to the minority opinions. This approach has a wide range of potential applications, e.g., collecting diversified complaints from the customers while most of them are satisfied, but is hardly investigated. We formulate the problem of computing such a group as the [Formula: see text]-biased-representative selection problem ([Formula: see text]-BRSP), where [Formula: see text] represents the size of the group constraint by the available budget. This problem has two independent optimization goals and therefore is difficult to deal with. We introduce two polynomial time algorithms for the problem, where each of which has an approximation ratio with respect to each of the objectives when the other optimization objective is substituted with a constraint. Under the substituted constraint, we prove that the first algorithm is an [Formula: see text]-approximation (which is best possible) algorithm with respect to the first objective and the second algorithm is a 2-approximation (which is best possible) with respect to the second objective, where [Formula: see text] is the degree of the input social relation graph.
Pegylated Drug Delivery Systems: From Design to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Fei , Sun Yuan , Kang Chen , Zhu Hongyan
Published: August 2016

Pegylation, as a simple procedure to attach hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto therapeutic molecule or drug carriers has been utilized widely to deliver small molecules, proteins and peptides. It was first reported in 1970s by Dr. Frank Davis of Rutgers University and Dr. Abuchowsky in the studies of PEG modified albumin and catalase. The significance of this method at that time was able to successfully modify the enzyme with better hydrophilicity but also keep the enzymatic activity. The employment of PEG has provided superior stability of drug delivery systems (DDS) and enhanced the circulation time in vivo. Simple conjugation of PEG chains with various molecular weights enables the possibility to regulate the properties of desired DDS and led to important contribution in targeting therapy and diagnosis. Pegylation has been reported to be able to protect peptides by shielding antigenic epitopes from reticuloendothelial (RES) clearance and avoid enzymes being recognized by immune system and avoid early degradation. In addition, utilization of PEG in DDS are reported with enhanced delivery efficiency, prolonged circulation time and improved stability, especially active enzymes and peptides drug delivery. In this paper, we will conclude current studies about Pegylated DDS and their biomedical applications from both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Recency, Records, and Recaps
Authors: Fudenberg Drew , Peysakhovich Alexander
Published: August 2016

Nash equilibrium takes optimization as a primitive, but suboptimal behavior can persist in simple stochastic decision problems. This has motivated the development of other equilibrium concepts such as cursed equilibrium and behavioral equilibrium. We experimentally study a simple adverse selection (or “lemons”) problem and find that learning models that heavily discount past information (i.e., display recency bias) explain patterns of behavior better than Nash, cursed, or behavioral equilibrium. Providing counterfactual information or a record of past outcomes does little to aid convergence to optimal strategies, but providing sample averages (“recaps”) gets individuals most of the way to optimality. Thus, recency effects are not solely due to limited memory but stem from some other form of cognitive constraints. Our results show the importance of going beyond static optimization and incorporating features of human learning into economic models used in both understanding phenomena and designing market institutions.
Bounds for the Query Complexity of Approximate Equilibria
Authors: Goldberg Paul W. , Roth Aaron
Published: August 2016

We analyze the number of payoff queries needed to compute approximate equilibria of multi-player games. We find that query complexity is an effective tool for distinguishing the computational difficulty of alternative solution concepts, and we develop new techniques for upper- and lower bounding the query complexity. For binary-choice games, we show logarithmic upper and lower bounds on the query complexity of approximate correlated equilibrium. For
well-supported
approximate correlated equilibrium (a restriction where a player’s behavior must always be approximately optimal, in the worst case over draws from the distribution) we show a linear lower bound, thus separating the query complexity of well supported approximate correlated equilibrium from the standard notion of approximate correlated equilibrium.

Finally, we give a query-efficient reduction from the problem of
computing
an approximate well-supported Nash equilibrium to the problem of verifying a well supported Nash equilibrium, where the additional query overhead is proportional to the description length of the game. This gives a polynomial-query algorithm for computing well supported approximate Nash equilibria (and hence correlated equilibria) in concisely represented games. We identify a class of games (which includes congestion games) in which the reduction can be made not only query efficient, but also computationally efficient.
Cell Cycle–Targeted Cancer Therapies
Authors: Sherr Charles J. , Bartek Jiri
Published: August 2016

A cardinal feature of cancer cells is the deregulation of cell cycle controls. Targeted drug therapy is designed to take advantage of specific genetic alterations that distinguish tumor cells from their normal counterparts. Mutated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressors can increase the dependency of cancer cells on G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinases, augment replication stress and DNA damage during S phase, and dismantle checkpoints that monitor progression through S/G2/M. These acquired defects generate cancer cell–specific vulnerabilities that provide a window of opportunity for targeted cancer treatments. We review the basic principles underlying the design of targeted therapies with emphasis on two main features: oncogene addiction and synthetic lethality. We discuss how traditional cytotoxic agents may depend, with relatively less specificity, on these same features and then point to examples of the successful application of newly developed, targeted therapeutic agents that offer reduced, dose-limiting toxicities to normal cells.
The Two Faces of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer
Authors: Reczek Colleen R. , Chandel Navdeep S.
Published: August 2016

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), now appreciated for their cellular signaling capabilities, have a dual role in cancer. On the one hand, ROS can promote protumorigenic signaling, facilitating cancer cell proliferation, survival, and adaptation to hypoxia. On the other hand, ROS can promote antitumorigenic signaling and trigger oxidative stress–induced cancer cell death. To hyperactivate the cell signaling pathways necessary for cellular transformation and tumorigenesis, cancer cells increase their rate of ROS production compared with normal cells. Concomitantly, in order to maintain ROS homeostasis and evade cell death, cancer cells increase their antioxidant capacity. Compared with normal cells, this altered redox environment of cancer cells may increase their susceptibility to ROS-manipulation therapies. In this review, we discuss the two faces of ROS in cancer, the potential mechanisms underlying ROS signaling, and the opposing cancer therapeutic approaches to targeting ROS.
The Effect of Esmolol on Tissue Perfusion and Clinical Prognosis of Patients with Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shang Xiuling , Wang Kaiyu , Xu Jingqing , Gong Shurong , Ye Yong , Chen Kaihua , Lian Fayang , Chen Wei , Yu Rongguo
Published: August 2016

Purpose. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of esmolol on tissue perfusion and the clinical prognosis of patients with severe sepsis.Materials and Methods. One hundred fifty-one patients with severe sepsis were selected and divided into the esmolol group (n=75) or the control group (n=76), who received conventional antiseptic shock treatment. The esmolol group received a continuous infusion of esmolol via a central venous catheter, and their heart rate (HR) was maintained at 70–100 bpm over 72 hours.Results. The HR of all patients reached the target level within 72 hours of treatment for both groups. The effect of esmolol on PvaCO2was only significant at 48 hours (P<0.05). ScvO2increased in the esmolol group and decreased in the control group (P<0.01). Lac showed a linear downward trend over the treatment time, but the reduction was more significant in the control group at 48 hours (P<0.05) between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation in the esmolol group than in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions. Esmolol reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with severe sepsis, with no significant effect on circulatory function or tissue perfusion.
Effect of Molecular Chain Structure on Fracture Mechanical Properties of Aeronautical Polymethyl Methacrylate Using Extended Digital Image Correlation Method
Authors: Shang Wei , Yang Xiaojing , Ji Xinhua , Liu Zhongxian
Published: August 2016

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the fracture mechanical properties of aeronautical polymethyl methacrylate, which has been treated with directional tensile technology. Because of the special processing of directional polymethyl methacrylate, the molecular chain structures are different in different directions. The mechanical properties depend on the specific molecular chain structures. We use extended digital image correlation to measure the displacement field near the tip of the crack when the cracks grow in different directions in directional polymethyl methacrylate. We then tested the critical load for different specimens and analyzed the fracture morphology of the different specimens. Thanks to the experimental results, a molecular chain model of directional polymethyl methacrylate could be established. The analysis results using the molecular chain model are consistent with the experiments, which confirms the reliability of the molecular chain model.
Myokines in Response to a Tournament Season among Young Tennis Players
Authors: Witek K. , Żurek P. , Zmijewski P. , Jaworska J. , Lipińska P. , Dzedzej-Gmiat A. , Antosiewicz J. , Ziemann E.
Published: August 2016

The study investigated changes in myokines, heat shock proteins, and growth factors in highly ranked, young, male tennis players in response to physical workload during the competitive season and their potential correlations with match scores. Blood collections were carried out at the beginning, the midpoint, and the end of the tournament season. Data analysis revealed a significant increase in interleukin 6 and its inverse correlation with the number of lost games (r=-0.45; 90% CI −0.06 to 0.77). Neither the irisin nor BDNF level changed notably, yet delta changes of irisin across the season significantly correlated with the number of games won. The concentration of HSP27 recorded a small increase (31.2%; 90% CI 10.7 to 55.5, most likely). A negative correlation was noted between IGF-1 and HSP27 concentration at baseline (−0.70 very high; 90% CI −0.89 to −0.31, very likely). At the end of the season IGF-1 correlated positively with the number of games won (r=0.37moderate, 90% CI −0.16 to 0.73, likely) but negatively with the number of games lost (r=-0.39, 90% CI −0.14 to −0.74, likely). In conclusion our data indicated that Il-6, irisin, and growth factor IGF-1 may modify overall performance during a long lasting season, expressed in the amount of games won or lost.
Combinatorial Analysis of a Subtraction Game on Graphs
Authors: Adams Richard , Dixon Janae , Elder Jennifer , Peabody Jamie , Vega Oscar , Willis Karen
Published: August 2016

We define a two-player combinatorial game in which players take alternate turns; each turn consists of deleting a vertex of a graph, together with all the edges containing such vertex. If any vertex became isolated by a player’s move then it would also be deleted. A player wins the game when the other player has no moves available. We study this game under various viewpoints: by finding specific strategies for certain families of graphs, through using properties of a graph’s automorphism group, by writing a program to look at Sprague-Grundy numbers, and by studying the game when played on random graphs. When analyzing Grim played on paths, using the Sprague-Grundy function, we find a connection to a standing open question about Octal games.
Extract the Relational Information of Static Features and Motion Features for Human Activities Recognition in Videos
Authors: Yao Li
Published: August 2016

Both static features and motion features have shown promising performance in human activities recognition task. However, the information included in these features is insufficient for complex human activities. In this paper, we propose extracting relational information of static features and motion features for human activities recognition. The videos are represented by a classical Bag-of-Word (BoW) model which is useful in many works. To get a compact and discriminative codebook with small dimension, we employ the divisive algorithm based on KL-divergence to reconstruct the codebook. After that, to further capture strong relational information, we construct a bipartite graph to model the relationship between words of different feature set. Then we use ak-way partition to create a new codebook in which similar words are getting together. With this new codebook, videos can be represented by a new BoW vector with strong relational information. Moreover, we propose a method to compute new clusters from the divisive algorithm’s projective function. We test our work on the several datasets and obtain very promising results.
Fault Diagnosis for Rolling Bearing under Variable Conditions Based on Image Recognition
Authors: Zhou Bo , Cheng Yujie
Published: August 2016

Rolling bearing faults often lead to electromechanical system failure due to its high speed and complex working conditions. Recently, a large amount of fault diagnosis studies for rolling bearing based on vibration data has been reported. However, few studies have focused on fault diagnosis for rolling bearings under variable conditions. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on image recognition for rolling bearings to realize fault classification under variable working conditions. The proposed method includes the following steps. First, the vibration signal data are transformed into a two-dimensional image based on recurrence plot (RP) technique. Next, a popular feature extraction method which has been widely used in the image field, scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), is employed to extract fault features from the two-dimensional RP and subsequently generate a 128-dimensional feature vector. Third, due to the redundancy of the high-dimensional feature, kernel principal component analysis is utilized to reduce the feature dimensionality. Finally, a neural network classifier trained by probabilistic neural network is used to perform fault diagnosis. Verification experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings under variable conditions, thereby providing a promising approach to fault diagnosis for rolling bearings.
Sacral Emphysematous Osteomyelitis Caused byEscherichia coliafter Arthroscopy of the Knee
Authors: Velickovic Mirko , Hockertz Thomas
Published: August 2016

Emphysematous osteomyelitis is a rare but serious condition which is often associated with a fatal outcome. The typical appearances of emphysematous osteomyelitis are clusters of small gas bubbles within the medullary cavity. We report a case of a 62-year-old male who presented with emphysematous osteomyelitis due to hematogenous spread ofEscherichia colifrom the knee after arthroscopy.
Functional Assessment of the Foot Undergoing Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy in Term of Gait Analysis
Authors: Liu Yu-Bin , Jiang Shu-Yun , Zhao Li , Yu Yan , Tao Xu-Chen , Zhao Da-Hang
Published: August 2016

Background.This study was designed to evaluate the function of the foot undergoing the procedure of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy (PAT) in case of clubfoot management in terms of gait analysis.Methods.Nineteen patients with unilateral clubfeet were retrospectively reviewed from our database from July 2012 to June 2016. The result in all the cases was rated as excellent according to the scale of International Clubfoot Study Group (ICSG). The affected sides were taken as Group CF and the contralateral sides as Group CL. Three-dimensional gait analysis was applied for the functional evaluation of the involved foot.Results.Statistical difference was found in physical parameters of passive ankle dorsiflexion and plantar-flexion. No statistical difference was found in temporal-spatial parameters. There was statistical difference in kinematic parameters of total ankle rotation, ankle range of motion, and internal foot progression angle and in kinetic parameters of peak ankle power. No statistical difference was found in other kinematic and kinetic parameters.Conclusions.It is demonstrated that the procedure of PAT is safe and efficient for correcting the equinus deformity in case of clubfoot management and preserving the main function of Achilles tendon at the minimum of four-year follow-up.
Alterations in Red Blood Cell Functionality Induced by an Indole Scaffold Containing a Y‐Iminodiketo Moiety: Potential Antiproliferative Conditions
Authors: Scala Angela , Ficarra Silvana , Russo Annamaria , Barreca Davide , Giunta Elena , Galtieri Antonio , Grassi Giovanni , Tellone Ester
Published: August 2016

We have recently proposed a new erythrocyte‐based model of study to predict the antiproliferative effects of selected heterocyclic scaffolds. Starting from the metabolic similarity between erythrocytes and cancer cells, we have demonstrated how the metabolic derangement induced by an indolone‐based compound (DPIT) could be related to its antiproliferative effects. In order to prove the validity of our biochemical approach, in the present study the effects on erythrocyte functionality of its chemical precursor (PID), whose synthesis we reported, were investigated. The influence of the tested compound on band 3 protein (B3), oxidative state, ATP efflux, caspase 3, metabolism, intracellular pH, and Ca2+ homeostasis has been evaluated. PID crosses the membrane localizing into the cytosol, increases anion exchange, induces direct caspase activation, shifts the erythrocytes towards an oxidative state, and releases less ATP than in normal conditions. Analysis of phosphatidylserine externalization shows that PID slightly induces apoptosis. Our findings indicate that, due to its unique features, erythrocyte responses to exogenous molecular stimuli can be fruitfully correlated at structurally more complex cells, such as cancer cells. Overall, our work indicates that erythrocyte is a powerful study tool to elucidate the biochemical/biological effects of selected heterocycles opening considerable perspectives in the field of drug discovery.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Loaded with p5, Derived from CDK5 Activator p35, Inhibit Calcium‐Induced CDK5 Activation in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Fang Wen-Hui , Kumar Shant , McDowell Garry , Smith David , Krupinski Jurek , Olah Peter , Al-Baradie Raid Saleem , Al-Rukban Mohammad Othman , Petcu Eugene Bogdan , Slevin Mark
Published: August 2016

The potential use of stem cells as therapeutics in disease has gained momentum over the last few years and recently phase‐I clinical trials have shown favourable results in treatment of a small cohort of acute stroke patients. Similarly, they have been used in preclinical models drug‐loaded for the effective treatment of solid tumours. Here we have characterized uptake and release of a novel p5‐cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitory peptide by mesenchymal stem cells and showed release levels capable of blocking aberrant cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) signaling pathways, through phosphorylation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and p53. These pathways represent the major acute mechanism stimulating apoptosis after stroke and hence its modulation could benefit patient recovery. This work indicates a potential use for drug‐loaded stem cells as delivery vehicles for stroke therapeutics and in addition as anticancer receptacles particularly, if a targeting and/or holding mechanism can be defined.
Primary versus Metastatic Gastrointestinal Melanoma: A Rare Case and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Simons Malorie , Ferreira Jason , Meunier Rashna , Moss Steven
Published: August 2016

Gastrointestinal (GI) melanomas are a rare diagnostic entity. Although there have been cases of melanomas solely in the GI tract, many debate their true origin: the gut versus a distant, undetected primary lesion that regressed known as melanoma of unknown primary. We present a case that involved diagnosing a GI melanoma and then backtracking to find a possible primary source. We review the most recent literature regarding possible etiologies of primary GI melanomas and how to differentiate whether it has a primary, metastatic, or unknown origin.
Mediastinal Hibernoma: A Rare Case with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Darke Maxine , Dasyam Anil , Then Matthew , Varma Kavita , Borhani Amir A. , Varma Rakesh
Published: August 2016

Hibernomas, especially located in the mediastinum, are extremely rare benign tumors, which are important to consider in the differential diagnosis of a heterogeneously enhancing mass with areas of fat attenuation on imaging of an often incidentally discovered mass. Other common possibilities in the differential include malignant tumors, such as liposarcoma, hence histopathology is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. Hibernomas often follow the distribution of sites of persistence of brown fat in adults, and intrathoracic locations are unusual. We present a very rare case of a mediastinal hibernoma in a 53-year-old woman. She presented to the emergency department with severe, progressive right neck and shoulder pain with radiation down her arm and was found to have a right apical posterior mediastinal mass on imaging. Initial radiographs of the shoulder showed a soft tissue mass within the apical right hemithorax. Further imaging with CT revealed a well circumscribed, heterogeneously enhancing mass with areas of fat attenuation. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of mediastinal hibernoma, and the mass was completely excised. Fourteen months after surgery, the patient had a normal chest radiograph, and thirty-two months after surgery, she remains asymptomatic.
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Report and Review of 39 Japanese Cases
Authors: Kaneko Manabu , Sasaki Shin , Teruya Shuzo , Ozaki Kosuke , Ishimaru Kazuhiro , Terai Emi , Nakayama Hiroshi , Watanabe Toshiyuki
Published: August 2016

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare gastrointestinal complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) characterized by intramural accumulation of gas within thin-walled cysts. We report the case of an 82-year-old female patient with pneumoperitoneum due to PCI associated with SSc and review the features of the 39 Japanese cases. The median patient age was 57 years (range 24–83 years) and the male/female ratio was 1 : 12. In the recent decade, 14 out of 15 cases (93.3%) evaluated with CT scans were diagnosed with PCI. The results suggest that CT scan may be a useful diagnostic tool for detecting PCI. PCI in patients with SSc is usually benign and requires only conservative therapy. However, two patients (5.1%) with signs of peritoneal irritation required surgery. When peritoneal irritation secondary to additional pathology is observed, surgical treatment may be warranted; a precise diagnosis for this condition is therefore essential.
Cats in Positive Energy Balance Have Lower Rates of Adipose Gain When Fed Diets Containing 188 versus 121 ppm L-Carnitine
Authors: Gooding M. A. , Minikhiem D. L. , Shoveller A. K.
Published: August 2016

L-carnitine (LC) is included in select adult feline diets for weight management. This study investigated whether feeding adult cats with diets containing either 188 ppm of LC (LC188) or 121 ppm of LC (LC121) and feeding them 120% of maintenance energy requirement (MER) resulted in differences in total energy expenditure (EE), metabolic fuel selection, BW, body composition, and behavior. Cats (n=20,4±1.2 yrs) were stratified for BCS and randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments and fed for 16 weeks. BW was measured weekly, and indirect calorimetry, body composition, physical activity, play motivation, and cognition were measured at baseline and throughout the study. A mixed, repeated measures, ANCOVA model was used. Cats in both treatments gained BW (P<0.05) throughout the study, with no differences between treatments at any time point (P>0.05). There were no differences in body composition between groups at baseline; however, body fat (g) and body fat : lean mass ratio were greater in cats fed LC121 in contrast to cats fed LC188 (P<0.05) on week 16. No other outcomes differed between treatments (P>0.05). Supplying dietary LC at a dose of at least 188 ppm may be beneficial for the health and well-being of cats fed above MER.
Vaginal Hysterectomy with Anterior Four-Arm Mesh Implant Technique in the Surgical Treatment of a Woman with Total Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Urinary Incontinence: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sukgen Gökmen , Yılmaz Esra Saygılı , Başer Eralp
Published: August 2016

Purpose. We present a case report of a woman with total POP and SUI who was treated with a technique utilizing vaginal hysterectomy followed by the placement of a four-arm synthetic polypropylene mesh implant system.Methods. An 81-year-old grand-multiparous woman presented to our clinic complaining of a vaginally protruding mass and urinary incontinence. A surgical approach including vaginal hysterectomy, anterior four-arm mesh implant, posterior large segment vaginal enterocele repair, and perineoplasty with levator ani fixation was planned.Results. The patient was discharged home at the second postoperative day. Follow-up visits at the first, 3rd, and 6th months were normal. There was complete symptomatic relief and objective cure of the POP and urinary incontinence symptoms.Conclusion. We believe that anterior four-arm mesh implant and large posterior repair should be considered after vaginal hysterectomy. Future studies are needed to evaluate the utility of this technique for treatment of POP.
Quantitative Analysis of Lens Nuclear Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) with a Liquid Optics Interface: Correlation between OCT Images and LOCS III Grading
Authors: Kim You Na , Park Jin Hyoung , Tchah Hungwon
Published: August 2016

Purpose. To quantify whole lens and nuclear lens densities using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a liquid optics interface and evaluate their correlation with Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) lens grading and corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA).Methods. OCT images of the whole lens and lens nucleus of eyes with age-related nuclear cataract were analyzed using ImageJ software. The lens grade and nuclear density were represented in pixel intensity units (PIU) and correlations between PIU, BCVA, and LOCS III were assessed.Results. Forty-seven eyes were analyzed. The mean whole lens and lens nuclear densities were 26.99 ± 5.23 and 19.43 ± 6.15 PIU, respectively. A positive linear correlation was observed between lens opacities (R2= 0.187,p<0.01) and nuclear density (R2= 0.316,p<0.01) obtained from OCT images and LOCS III. Preoperative BCVA and LOCS III were also positively correlated (R2= 0.454,p<0.01).Conclusions. Whole lens and lens nuclear densities obtained from OCT correlated with LOCS III. Nuclear density showed a higher positive correlation with LOCS III than whole lens density. OCT with a liquid optics interface is a potential quantitative method for lens grading and can aid in monitoring and managing age-related cataracts.
An Atypical Presentation of a Male with Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1 Related Ciliopathy
Authors: Sharma Sheena , Kalish Jennifer M. , Goldberg Ethan M. , Reynoso Francis Jeshira , Pradhan Madhura
Published: August 2016

Background. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) is a rare condition with X-linked dominant inheritance caused by mutations in theCxorf5(OFD1) gene. This gene encodes the OFD1 protein located within centrosomes and basal bodies of primary cilia. Approximately 15–50% of patients with OFD1 progress to end-stage kidney disease following development of polycystic changes within the kidneys. This condition almost always causes intrauterine lethality in males.Description of Case Diagnosis and Treatment. A Caucasian male aged 9 years and 9 months presented with increased urinary frequency, increased thirst, and decreased appetite. Physical examination demonstrated short stature, hearing loss, photophobia, murmur, and hypogonadism. He had no other dysmorphic features. Laboratory results revealed anemia, renal insufficiency, and dilute urine with microscopic hematuria but no proteinuria. Ultrasound showed small kidneys with increased echogenicity but no evidence of cystic changes. A Ciliopathy Panel showed a novel and likely pathogenic deletion, approximately 7.9 kb, in theOFD1gene encompassing exons 16, 17, and 19 (c.1654+833_2599+423del). Brain MRI did not demonstrate typical OFD1 findings. He is currently on chronic hemodialysis awaiting transplant from a living donor.Conclusions. We present a male patient withOFD1mutation who lacks the classic OFD1 phenotype who presented with end-stage renal disease without evidence of polycystic changes within the kidneys.
The Intimate Relationship between Vestibular Migraine and Meniere Disease: A Review of Pathogenesis and Presentation
Authors: Liu Yuan F. , Xu Helen
Published: August 2016

Vestibular migraine (VM) has only recently been recognized as a distinct disease entity. One reason is that its symptoms overlap greatly with those of other vestibular disorders, especially Meniere disease (MD). The pathophysiology of neither VM nor MD is entirely elucidated. However, there are many theories linking migraine to both disorders. We reviewed the current understanding of migraine, VM, and MD and described how VM and MD are similar or different from each other in terms of pathophysiology and presentation, including hypotheses that the two share a common etiology and/or are variants of the same disease.
Teneligliptin Decreases Uric Acid Levels by Reducing Xanthine Dehydrogenase Expression in White Adipose Tissue of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Moriya Chihiro , Satoh Hiroaki
Published: August 2016

We investigated the effects of teneligliptin on uric acid metabolism in male Wistar rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The rats were fed with a normal chow diet (NCD) or a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) with or without teneligliptin for 4 weeks. The plasma uric acid level was not significantly different between the control and teneligliptin groups under the NCD condition. However, the plasma uric acid level was significantly decreased in the HFD-fed teneligliptin treated rats compared to the HFD-fed control rats. The expression levels of xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh) mRNA in liver and epididymal adipose tissue of NCD-fed rats were not altered by teneligliptin treatment. On the other hand,Xdhexpression was reduced significantly in the epididymal adipose tissue of the HFD-fed teneligliptin treated rats compared with that of HFD-fed control rats, whereasXdhexpression in liver did not change significantly in either group. Furthermore, teneligliptin significantly decreasedXdhexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DPP-4 treatment significantly increasedXdhexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. With DPP-4 pretreatment, teneligliptin significantly decreasedXdhmRNA expression compared to the DPP-4-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, our studies suggest that teneligliptin reduces uric acid levels by suppressingXdhexpression in epididymal adipose tissue of obese subjects.
Genetic Contribution of Ningmai 9 Wheat to Its Derivatives Evaluated by Using SNP Markers
Authors: Jiang Peng , Zhang Ping-Ping , Zhang Xu , Ma Hong-Xiang
Published: August 2016

Founder parent usually plays an important role in wheat breeding. Ningmai 9 is a soft wheat variety with good performance in yield, quality, and resistance to wheat disease. Therefore it serves as an important commercial variety and founder parent in middle and lower Yangtze River of China. To date, 20 new cultivars have been developed from Ningmai 9 and released to wheat production in the last 10 years. In this study, the 90K iSELECT ILLUMINA chip was used to analyze the genotype of Ningmai 9 and its 17 derivatives. The genetic similarity coefficients between Ningmai 9 and its derivatives were more than 0.7 except for Yangfumai 4. Neighbor-Joining analysis showed that Yangfumai 4 had the largest genetic distance from Ningmai 9 in all derivatives. There was a great difference for the same allele ratio in either derivatives or chromosomes, though the average values of the same allele ratio in genomes A, B, and D were close to each other. The phenotypic difference in Ningmai 9, Ningmai 13, and Yangfumai 4 was consistent with their difference in genetic background by comparing previous reported QTLs. Some hot chromosome regions were found and might be used for marker assisted selection in wheat breeding.
Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ofSalmonellafrom Slaughtered Bovines and Ovines in Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kebede Abe , Kemal Jelalu , Alemayehu Haile , Habte Mariam Solomon
Published: August 2016

Salmonellae are ubiquitous, found in animals, humans, and the environment, a condition which facilitates transmission and cross contamination.Salmonella entericaserotypes exert huge health and economic impacts due to their virulence or carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. To address this significant issues with regard to public health, availability of adequate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns ofSalmonella, and establishment of adequate measures to control contamination and infection are needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the level ofSalmonellainfection in slaughtered bovines and ovines at Addis Ababa abattoir. Samples were collected randomly and processed for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofSalmonellaspp. From 280 animals examined, 13 (4.64%) (8 bovines and 5 ovines) were positive, with most samples (12/13, 92%) comprisingSalmonellaDublin. Very high level of resistance to some antibiotics used in human medicine was detected. Most isolates were susceptible to gentamycin and amikacin. Nine (69%) of all isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Serotyping revealed 12 of 13 isolates to be of the Dublin serotype with 9,12:g,p:- antigenic formula. This study emphasizes the importance of improving the evisceration practice during slaughtering and restricting the use of antibiotics in farm animals.
On Oscillatory and Asymptotic Behavior of a Second-Order Nonlinear Damped Neutral Differential Equation
Authors: Tunç Ercan , Grace Said R.
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses oscillatory and asymptotic properties of solutions of a class of second-order nonlinear damped neutral differential equations. Some new sufficient conditions for any solution of the equation to be oscillatory or to converge to zero are given. The results obtained extend and improve some of the related results reported in the literature. The results are illustrated with examples.
Medial Cranial Fossa Meningioma Diagnosed as Mixed Anxiety Disorder with Dissociative Symptoms and Vertigo
Authors: Ceylan Emin Mehmet , Önen Ünsalver Bariş , Evrensel Alper
Published: August 2016

Meningiomas are mostly benign tumors of the meninges that may stay clinically silent or present first with psychiatric symptoms only. We present a case of medial cranial fossa meningioma that was first diagnosed as mixed anxiety disorder with dissociative symptoms and vertigo. In light of the intact neurological and vestibular system examination, our patient’s vertigo and depersonalization were firstly addressed as psychosomatic symptoms of the psychiatric syndrome. Despite decreased anxiety and improved mood, dissociative symptoms and vertigo were resistant to treatment which prompted further research yielding a left hemisphere localized meningioma. Resection of meningioma resulted in full remission of the patient proving it to be responsible for the etiology of the psychiatric syndrome and vertigo. We suggest that brain imaging should be performed for patients with late-onset (>50 years) psychiatric symptoms and those with treatment resistance. It is important to keep in mind always that medically unexplained symptoms may become explicable with detailed assessment and regular follow-up of the patient.