bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping with COVID-19 Stressors: Adverse and Protective Factors Responding to Emotions in a Chinese Sample
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhang Xinfeng , Liu Danni , Li Qiang , Wang Yanping , Jiao Rong , Gong Ximei , Hou Xueyan , Xu Tao , Qing Xuemei , Song Kangxing , Kavcic Voyko , Yan Shiyan , Gu Ruolei , Stratton Terry , Jiang Yang
Published: November 2021

Background

The potential roles of affective responses to environmental stressors in individuals’ physical and mental health are complex and multi-faceted. This study, then, explores Chinese citizens’ emotional responses to COVID-19-related stressors and influence factors which may boost or buffer such effects.

Methods

From late March to early June (2020), a cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire included demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related stressors related to individuals’ daily functioning, and the self-assessed impact of protective and adverse internal factors on emotions.

Results

1,662 questionnaires were received from residents in 32 Chinese provinces classified by prevalence level according to COVID-19 infections. Among the 17 positive and negative emotional responses, agglomerative hierarchical clustering revealed four subclassifications: (1) stress relations; (2) missing someone relations; (3) individual relations; and (4) social relations. Additionally, heightened regional prevalence levels positively corresponded to intensity of stress relations. Lowest intensity of social relations was found in the areas surrounding Wuhan and coastal areas. Specially, economic- and work-related stressors as well as negative self-perceptions (e.g., suppression, emotionally unstable, self-denial) implicated in negative emotions. While positive emotions were tied to demographic characteristics (e.g., high education, young age and male) and protective traits (e.g., creativity, sympathy, social responsibility), and inversely linked to relationships- and pandemic-related stressors, etc.

Conclusion

Associations were clearly noted among Chinese residents’ emotions to specific stressors during pandemic. Providing appropriate psychological resources/supports during future or extended public health crises may help offset the cognitive burden of individuals striving to regain an adequate level of normalcy and emotional well-being.
The ulcerative colitis associated gene FUT8 regulates the quantity and quality of secreted mucins
Authors: Cantero-Recasens Gerard , Burballa Carla , Ohkawa Yuki , Fukuda Tomohiko , Harada Yoichiro ,   IBD Character Consortium, Curwin Amy , Brouwers Nathalie , Thun Gian A. , Gu Jianguo , Gut Ivo , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Malhotra Vivek
Published: November 2021

Fucosylation of mucins, the main macrocomponents of the mucus layer that protects the digestive tract from pathogens, increases their viscoelasticity and shear stress resistance. These properties are altered in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is marked by a chronic inflammation of the distal part of the colon. Here we show that the levels of Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) and specific mucins are increased in the distal inflamed colon of UC patients compared to normal individuals. Overexpressing FUT8, as observed in UC, in mucin-producing HT29-18N2 colonic cell line increases trafficking of MUC1 to plasma membrane and secretion of MUC2/MUC5AC. FUT8 depletion (FUT8 KD), instead, causes intracellular accumulation of MUC1 and alters the ratio of secreted MUC2 to MUC5AC. Mucins secreted by FUT8 overexpressing cells are more resistant to shear stress compared to mucins secreted by FUT8 KD cells. These data fit well with the Fut8−/− mice phenotype, which are protected against UC. Fut8−/− mice exhibit a thinner proximal colon mucus layer with an altered ratio of neutral to acidic mucins compared to Fut8+/+ mice. Together, these data reveal that FUT8 optimizes the viscoelastic properties of the extracellular mucous by controlling the quantities of mucins secreted.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Mucins, the major components of the mucous barrier that protects our body from pathogens, are heavily glycosylated proteins. Changes their amounts and properties will alter the viscosity of mucous. Here we show that FUT8, a glycosylation enzyme of the Golgi apparatus, can control the viscosity of secreted mucins. Mucin secreting cells of the distal colon express FUT8, but their levels are altered in Ulcerative colitis patients. As a result, mucous produced by these cells is easily washed away, which exposes them to pathogens. We suggest that a defective mucous production is the main cause of initial inflammation observed in disease. Our findings help in understanding how cells control the quality of mucins and provide a means to prevent Ulcerative colitis.
Comparison of the somatic TADs and lampbrush chromomere-loop complexes in transcriptionally active prophase I oocytes
Authors: Kulikova Tatiana , Maslova Antonina , Starshova Polina , Rodriguez Sebastian Juan , Krasikova Alla
Published: November 2021

In diplotene oocyte nuclei of all vertebrate species, except mammals, chromosomes lack interchromosomal contacts and chromatin is linearly compartmentalized into distinct chromomere-loop complexes forming lampbrush chromosomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of chromomere-loop complexes remain unexplored. Here we aimed to juxtapose somatic topologically associating domains (TADs), recently identified in chicken embryonic fibroblasts, with chromomere-loop complexes in lampbrush meiotic chromosomes. By measuring 3D-distances and colocalization between linear equidistantly located genomic loci, positioned within one TAD or separated by a TAD border, we confirmed the presence of predicted TADs in chicken embryonic fibroblast nuclei. Using three-colored FISH with BAC probes we mapped equidistant genomic regions included in several sequential somatic TADs on isolated chicken lampbrush chromosomes. Eight genomic regions, each comprising two or three somatic TADs, were mapped to non-overlapping neighboring lampbrush chromatin domains – lateral loops, chromomeres or chromomere-loop complexes. Genomic loci from the neighboring somatic TADs could localize in one lampbrush chromomere-loop complex, while genomic loci belonging to the same somatic TAD could be localized in neighboring lampbrush chromomere- loop domains. In addition, FISH-mapping of BAC probes to the nascent transcripts on the lateral loops indicates transcription of at least 17 protein-coding genes and 2 non-coding RNA genes during the lampbrush stage of chicken oogenesis, including genes involved in oocyte maturation and early embryo development.
Hypothesis: Colony-forming activity of pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells for stem cell assay
Authors: Ite Kenta , Toyoda Masashi , Akiyama Saeko , Enosawa Shin , Yoshioka Saeko , Yukitake Takaaki , Yamazaki-Inoue Mayu , Tatsumi Kuniko , Akutsu Hidenori , Nishina Hiroshi , Kimura Toru , Otani Naoko , Nakazawa Atsuko , Fukuda Akinari , Kasahara Mureo , Umezawa Akihiro
Published: November 2021

Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit hepatocytic properties in vitro; however, their engraftment and functionality in vivo remain unsatisfactory. Despite optimization of differentiation protocols, HLCs did not engraft in a mouse model of liver injury. In contrast, organ-derived hepatocytes reproducibly formed colonies in the liver injury mouse model. As an extension of the phenomenon observed in hematopoietic stem cells giving rise to colonies within the spleen, commonly referred to as “colony-forming units in spleen (CFU-s“, we hypothesize that “colony-forming units in liver (CFU-L)“ serves as a reliable indicator of stemness, engraftment, and functionality of hepatocytes. The uniform expression of the randomly inactivated gene in a single colony, as reported by Sugahara et al. 2022, suggests that the colonies generated by isolated hepatocytes likely originate from a single cell. We, therefore, propose that CFU-L can be used to quantify the number of “hepatocytes that engraft and proliferate in vivo“ as a quantitative assay for stem cells that utilize colony-forming ability, similar to that observed in hematopoietic stem cells.
MiR-513a-5p Aggravates Atherosclerosis Phenotype by Downregulating TFPI2 in Vitro
Authors: Wang Chun , Yao Feng
Published: November 2021

This manuscript has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
The impact of customer organization socialization: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Liu Hongshen , Huang Zhihui
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Based on a dyadic perspective, the purpose of this paper is to include the contributions of employee and customer in a service process and to examine the underlying mechanism of customer organization socialization on service performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a unique survey data pertaining to the service industry. The authors collected their data from multiple sources (customers, front-line employees and these employees' managers) in the divisions of a large service organization – Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China. The authors adopted hierarchical regression moderated path analysis approach to examine our moderated mediation model.

Findings

The authors find that both the quality of customer service and the quality of employee service play as moderators in the relationship between customer organization socialization and service performance. And quality of customer service moderates the relationship between customer organization socialization and quality of employee service.

Originality/value

The literature has focused primarily on service performance improvement based on the dyadic perspective of customer and employee. The research develops a moderated mediation model and contributes to the literature by empirically examining customer organization socialization.
A systematic literature review on Sharī'ah governance mechanism and firm performance in Islamic banking
Authors: Nomran Naji Mansour , Haron Razali
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to systematically review the existing studies on the relationship of Sharī'ah governance (SG), as represented by the Sharī'ah supervisory board (SSB), with firm performance of Islamic banks (IBs), to suggest opportunities for future research in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

By adopting a systematic literature review, 21 empirical and theoretical papers published in Scopus concerning the relationship between SSB and performance of IBs were selected for review and analysis.

Findings

In light of the existing research studies' limitations, this paper suggests that the effect of SSB on IBs' performance still requires more empirical analyses using alternative analytical methods, alternative measures, and different periods (during crisis and non-crisis). Besides that, these studies should take into account the differences across jurisdictions in their SG models, the degree of agencies' intervention in SG practices, the control over cross-memberships of scholars, and the differences across IBs in the position of SSB in the organization structure.

Practical implications

The analysis undertaken in this paper would address the literature gaps on the effect of SSB on IBs' performance as this study serves as a guide for the researchers, academicians, and interested researchers from Islamic international autonomous non-for-profit organizations, e.g. AAOIFI and IFSB in research related to this important area. Importantly, the findings of this study would support regulators and related authorities across jurisdictions with suggestions on improving the current SG practices.

Originality/value

This paper presents a critical review of the existing research on SSB and IB performance and suggests new variables, measurements, analytical methods, and new issues for researchers in this area. Thus, it identifies the literature gap that still needs further empirical investigation and a suitable way to close it.
Supply chain strategy in the luxury fashion industry: impacts on performance indicators
Authors: Bindi Bianca , Bandinelli Romeo , Fani Virginia , Pero Margherita Emma Paola
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to investigate what types of supply chain strategies (SCS) are implemented within luxury fashion companies, according to the drivers that regulate competitiveness in this sector (brand positioning, distribution channel, type and line of product). Moreover, the objective was to define which key performance indicators (KPIs) should be measured according to the chosen strategy, and finally to evaluate the alignment of luxury fashion companies with the proposed indicators.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature review was the first step performed. Thereafter, a case study was conducted and the sample, composed of six companies, was selected, a questionnaire was then developed to guide the interviews, after which the data were collected. From the data, a primary case analysis was conducted, from which cross-case patterns were also researched.

Findings

From the results obtained, it was possible to state that companies involved in the case study adopted different SCS within the same company according to the drivers that regulate the sector competitiveness. As a result, the product line was shown to be the only driver that affected both the alignment between the expected and implemented SCS, respectively, and the alignment with the selected KPIs.

Originality/value

The paper provides valuable insights to companies that are trying to align SCS and KPIs. The close link between these aspects had not yet been explored previously. In particular, there were no indications about the KPIs that have to be measured for a specific SCS.
The role of stakeholders' perception in internal audit status: the case of Iran
Authors: Mashayekhi Bita , Jalali Farzaneh , Rezaee Zabihollah
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the internal audit actors and stakeholders' perceptions of the IA status in Iranian companies, and those actors and stakeholders' roles in shaping the current situation of IA in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the interpretive qualitative method. Data comprises of semi-structured interviews with board of directors, audit committees, chief executive officers and chief audit executives. The paper analyzes internal audit policy documents, reports and legislations.

Findings

The results illustrate that the internal audit in Iran is perceived as a “perfunctory” practice among its stakeholders due to being recognized as an inefficient process. The key actors and stakeholders in internal audit process–including executive and board managers, audit committee members and chief audit executives–play important roles in shaping the current status of internal audit via their perceptions and actions.

Practical implications

The fact that internal audit in Iran is perceived as an inefficient process and is used as a perfunctory practice highlights the importance of addressing this issue at the standardization and regulation level. The deficits in the roles of key actors and stakeholders need to be considered as the legislative guide in different levels.

Originality/value

Prior studies mostly focus on the role of internal audit in organizations. In contrast, this study focuses on the role of key actors and stakeholders of internal auditing process in shaping the current perceived role of internal audit in organizations. Also, the study examines an emerging economy, which differs from advanced economies in important ways, including regulations, organizational culture, internal control structure and internal audit.
Microbial Biotechnology is 15! An adventure in journal parenting
Authors: Timmis Kenneth , Timmis Joan
Published: November 2021

This year, 2022, Microbial Biotechnology (MBT) celebrates its 15th birthday. In journal terms, 15 is adulthood. It has been a privilege to develop the idea, launch the journal, nurture it in its infancy and stimulate and support it during its adolescence and early adulthood. The success of MBT – its growth over the last 4 years averaging > 30%, and the highest impact factor in the field, making it the leading research journal in applied microbiology/microbial biotechnology and the most attractive to publish in – gives us enormous pleasure and satisfaction, and not a little pride.
Geographic strategies in mergers and acquisitions by financial institutions
Authors: Brodmann Jennifer , Danso Charles Armah , Ngo Thanh
Published: November 2021

We examine the impacts of geographic strategy of mergers and acquisitions by financial institutions on their short‐run and long‐run stock price performance, risk, and operating performance. The geographic strategies include ‘in‐market,’ ‘partial‐overlapping,’ and ‘market‐expanding’ acquisitions. While the market initially reacts more favourably towards ‘market‐expanding’ acquisitions, acquirers in these acquisitions experience the lowest long‐run stock price performance and largest increase in total return volatility and idiosyncratic risk. Acquirers in partial‐overlapping acquisitions experience the most deterioration in operating performance. Our results are robust to different measures of geographic expansion and subsample analysis. These findings have geographic implications for the banking industry regarding expansion through acquisition.
Preliminary study of a novel artificial anal sphincter with perception reconstruction
Authors: Han Ding , Yan Guozheng , Hua Fangfang , Wang Lichao
Published: November 2021

Background

Artificial anal sphincter (AAS), as an advanced device, has been widely investigated by researchers around world. But the reliability of the structure is still unsatisfactory according to clinical results. What's more, the previous AAS systems are lack the ability of rectal perception as native anal sphincter, which fails to guarantee the safety of the blood supply. In addition, without it, the patient cannot determine when to defecate.

Methods

In order to improve the reliability and safety of current AAS systems, a novel structure AAS system with rectal perception function, based on pressure sensor module, is proposed in this article. The novel AAS system has a closed three‐arm clamping mechanism, with transmission structure of cam‐follower system. Then, the design, strength check, optimization and force analysis of the proposed mechanism are investigated. After that, to remodel rectal perception function, the novel sensor module system based on strain gauge is established. Finally, in vitro experiments are conducted.

Results

In vitro test, the sensor system could monitor the rectal pressure accurately. And when H = 24.6 cm (feeling the urge to have a bowel movement), the clamping pressure is 7.39 kPa. which is also less than the safe pressure 9.33 kPa.

Conclusions

Good performance of the reliability and safety of both novel rectal perception function and new clamping mechanism have been showed.
Difference of anti‐viral immunity induced by two mRNA vaccines: Implications in MS patients treated with anti‐CD20‐depleting therapy
Authors: Tanaka Masami , Fujihara Kazuo
Published: November 2021

Two mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273, are effective to prevent infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and to prevent developing severe COVID‐19 in the general population. Although BNT162b2 elicits CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses, mRNA‐1273 induces poor CD8+ responses. Therefore, the effect of mRNA‐1273 vaccine might be weak in patients treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies, showing a marked decrease of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody production after COVID‐19 vaccination. We discuss a selection of mRNA vaccines based on their different CD8+ T‐cell functions in multiple sclerosis patients with decreased antibody production.
Microglial deactivation by adeno‐associated virus expressing small‐hairpin GCH1 has protective effects against neuropathic pain development in a spinothalamic tract‐lesion model
Authors: Jung Hyun Ho , Koh Chin Su , Park Minkyung , Kim Ji Hyun , Woo Ha‐Na , Lee Heuiran , Chang Jin Woo
Published: November 2021

Aims

Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury is one of the most difficult clinical problems after the loss of mobility, and pharmacological or neuromodulation therapy showed limited efficacy. In this study, we examine the possibility of pain modulation by a recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) encoding small‐hairpin RNA against GCH1 (rAAV‐shGCH1) in a spinal cord injury model in which neuropathic pain was induced by a spinothalamic tract (STT) lesion.

Methods

Micro‐electric lesioning was used to damage the left STT in rats (n = 32), and either rAAV‐shGCH1 (n = 19) or rAAV control (n = 6) was injected into the dorsal horn of the rats at the same time. On postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, we evaluated neuropathic pain using a behavioral test and microglial activation by immunohistochemical staining.

Results

A pain modulation effect of shGCH1 was observed from postoperative days 3 to 14. The mechanical withdrawal threshold was 13.0 ± 0.95 in the shGCH1 group, 4.3 ± 1.37 in the control group, and 3.49 ± 0.85 in sham on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.0001) and continued to postoperative day 14 (shGCH1 vs. control: 11.4 ± 1.1 vs. 2.05 ± 0.60, p < 0.001 and shGCH1 vs. sham: 11.4 ± 1.1 vs. 1.43 ± 0.54, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining of the spinal cord dorsal horn showed deactivation of microglia in the shGCH1 group without any change of delayed pattern of astrocyte activation as in STT model.

Conclusions

Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury can be modulated bilaterally by deactivating microglial activation after a unilateral injection of rAAV‐shGCH1 into the dorsal horn of a STT lesion spinal cord pain model. This new attempt would be another therapeutic approach for NP after SCI, which once happens; there is no clear curative options still now.
Right ventricular free wall contractility in subcostal views: A proof‐of‐concept study to assess right ventricular systolic function
Authors: López‐Candales Angel , Vallurupalli Srikanth
Published: November 2021

Background

Normal right ventricular (RV) function has been traditionally assessed from the apical window. However, in several patients the subcostal window is the only available acoustic.

Methods

Given the intricate functional and mechanical inter‐dependence between longitudinal tricuspid annular (TA) displacement and RV free wall contractility (RVFW), we studied the utility of RVFW inward motion using both M‐mode and velocity with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) from the subcostal transthoracic view.

Results

If a TAPSE value ≥ 2 cm is used to identify normal RV function, an RVFW M‐mode value > .8 cm, TA TDI s’ velocity > .06 cm/s and TA TDI e’ velocity value > .05 cm/s identify normal RV systolic function. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis for the RVFW M‐mode showed an area under the curve (AUC) of .753 (95% CI: .604–.868) with a cut‐off value > .8, sensitivity 75% and specificity 73%; for TA TDI s’ AUC at .822 (95% CI: .681–.919) with a cut‐off value > .06, sensitivity 75% and specificity 77% and for TA TDI e’ the AUC was .771 (95% CI: .624–.882) with a cut‐off value > .05, sensitivity 90% and specificity 46%. Reproducibility of repeat RVFW M‐mode, TDI s’ and e’ measurements was good with strong inter‐rater agreement (Kappa > .8).

Conclusions

The subcostal window appears useful for assessing RV systolic function. Additional studies are now required to prospectively use these measures in the routine evaluation of RV systolic function particularly in patients with suboptimal apical windows.
Viewpoints among experts and the public in the Netherlands on including a lifestyle criterion in the healthcare priority setting
Authors: Dieteren Charlotte M. , Reckers‐Droog Vivian T. , Schrama Sara , de Boer Dynothra , van Exel Job
Published: November 2021

Context

It remains unclear whether there would be societal support for a lifestyle criterion for the healthcare priority setting. This study examines the viewpoints of experts in healthcare and the public regarding support for a lifestyle‐related decision criterion, relative to support for the currently applied criteria, in the healthcare priority setting in the Netherlands.

Methods

We conducted a Q methodology study in samples of experts in healthcare (n = 37) and the public (n = 44). Participants (total sample N = 81) ranked 34 statements that reflected currently applied decision criteria as well as a lifestyle criterion for setting priorities in healthcare. The ranking data were subjected to principal component analysis, followed by oblimin rotation, to identify clusters of participants with similar viewpoints.

Findings

We identified four viewpoints. Participants with Viewpoint 1 believe that treatments that have been proven to be effective should be reimbursed. Those with Viewpoint 2 believe that life is precious and every effort should be made to save a life, even when treatment still results in a very poor state of health. Those with Viewpoint 3 accept government intervention in unhealthy lifestyles and believe that individual responsibility should be taken into account in reimbursement decisions. Participants with Viewpoint 4 attribute importance to the cost‐effectiveness of treatments; however, when priorities have to be set, treatment effects are considered most important. All viewpoints were supported by a mix of public and experts, but Viewpoint 1 was mostly supported by experts and the other viewpoints were mostly supported by members of the public.

Conclusions

This study identified four distinct viewpoints on the healthcare priority setting in the Netherlands, each supported by a mix of experts and members of the public. There seems to be some, but limited, support for a lifestyle criterion—in particular, among members of the public. Experts seem to favour the decision criteria that are currently applied. The diversity in views deserves attention when policymakers want to adhere to societal preferences and increase policy acceptance.
Campylobacter Express Resistance Array for detecting the presence of fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in broiler farms
Authors: Usui Masaru , Tase Junya , Onozaki Masanobu , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Tamura Yutaka , Nakajima Chie
Published: November 2021

Aims

The aim of the study was to develop a microarray-based method for the detection of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in broiler farms to decrease the risk of contamination of chicken meat.

Methods and Results

A combination of DNA microarray and primer extension for rapid and simultaneous detection of fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli, termed Campylobacter Express Resistance Array (CAMERA), was used to analyse chicken caecal droppings. CAMERA assays could detect at least 105 colony forming units of C. jejuni/C. coli g−1 of chicken caecal contents spiked with C. jejuni/C. coli. To compare the CAMERA method and direct culturing method for screening antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni/C. coli in poultry farms, chicken caecal droppings obtained from 42 poultry houses were analysed using both methods. In total, 95.2% of the results (40/42 poultry houses) obtained using the CAMERA and culturing method were identical. In the remaining two poultry houses, the CAMERA could detect the prevalent strain of C. jejuni/C. coli based on results of the culturing method.

Conclusions

The culturing method required >3 days to isolate and identify antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni/C. coli. In contrast, the CAMERA required only 6 h.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This method can facilitate quick screening and control of fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant C. jejuni/C. coli in broiler farms.
Inhibition of corrosion causing Pseudomonas aeruginosa using plasma-activated water
Authors: Asimakopoulou Eleni , Εkonomou Sotiriοs Ι. , Papakonstantinou Pagona , Doran Olena , Stratakos Alexandros Ch.
Published: November 2021

Aims

The cost of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) significantly affects a wide range of sectors. This study aims to assess the efficiency of a novel technology based on the use of plasma-activated water (PAW) in inhibiting corrosion caused by bacteria.

Methods and Results

This study evaluated the effectiveness of PAW, produced by a plasma bubble reactor, in reducing corrosion causing Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic cells in tap water and biofilms were grown onto stainless steel (SS) coupons. Planktonic cells and biofilms were treated with PAW at different discharge frequencies (500–1500 Hz) and exposure times (0–20 min). P. aeruginosa cells in tap water were significantly reduced after treatment, with higher exposure times and discharge frequencies achieving higher reductions. Also, PAW treatment led to a gradual reduction for young and mature biofilms, achieving >4-Log reductions after 20 min. Results were also used to develop two predictive inactivation models.

Conclusions

This work presents evidence that PAW can be used to inactivate both planktonic cells and biofilms of P. aeruginosa. Experimental and theoretical results also demonstrate that reduction is dependent on discharge frequency and exposure time.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This work demonstrates the potential of using PAW as means to control MIC.
A single‐center experience with early adoption of physiologic pacing approaches
Authors: Oates Connor P. , Kawamura Iwanari , Turagam Mohit K. , Langan Marie‐Noelle , McDonaugh Mary , Whang William , Miller Marc A. , Musikantow Daniel R. , Dukkipati Srinivas R. , Reddy Vivek Y. , Koruth Jacob S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Increasing interest in physiological pacing has been countered with challenges such as accurate lead deployment and increasing pacing thresholds with His‐bundle pacing (HBP). More recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged as an alternative approach to physiologic pacing.

Objective

To compare procedural outcomes and pacing parameters at follow‐up during initial adoption of HBP and LBBAP at a single center.

Methods

Retrospective review, from September 2016 to January 2020, identified the first 50 patients each who underwent successful HBP or LBBAP. Pacing parameters were then assessed at first follow‐up after implantation and after approximately 1 year, evaluating for acceptable pacing parameters defined as sensing R‐wave amplitude >5 mV, threshold <2.5 V @ 0.5 ms, and impedance between 400 and 1200 Ω.

Results

The HBP group was younger with lower ejection fraction compared to LBBAP (73.2 ± 15.3 vs. 78.2 ± 9.2 years, p = .047; 51.0 ± 15.9% vs. 57.0 ± 13.1%, p = .044). Post‐procedural QRS widths were similarly narrow (119.8 ± 21.2 vs. 116.7 ± 15.2 ms; p = .443) in both groups. Significantly fewer patients with HBP met the outcome for acceptable pacing parameters at initial follow‐up (56.0% vs. 96.4%, p = .001) and most recent follow‐up (60.7% vs. 94.9%, p ≤ .001; at 399 ± 259 vs. 228 ± 124 days, p ≤ .001). More HBP patients required lead revision due to early battery depletion or concern for pacing failure (0% vs. 13.3%, at a mean of 664 days).

Conclusion

During initial adoption, HBP is associated with a significantly higher frequency of unacceptable pacing parameters, energy consumption, and lead revisions compared with LBBAP.
Bachmann's bundle‐ridge related biatrial tachycardia with a long epicardial circuit
Authors: Shimeno Kenji , Tamura Shota , Hayashi Yusuke , Abe Yukio , Naruko Takahiko
Published: November 2021

Biatrial tachycardia (BiAT), involving Bachmann's bundle in the circuit, has sometimes been observed after mitral anterior line ablation. In this article, we present a case of BiAT, involving a long epicardial circuit, composed of Bachmann's bundle and the left atrial ridge (LAR). We discuss the optimal ablation technique for this tachycardia based on our experience in addition to the relationship between Bachmann's bundle and the LAR. Furthermore, the evaluation method for the mitral anterior block line is also discussed.
Validation of an electronic food intake tool and its usability and efficacy in the healthcare setting
Authors: Maunder Kirsty , Marshall Kathryn , Syed Kainaat , Smilevska Sara , Beck Eleanor , Mak May , Barrington Vicki
Published: November 2021

Background

Accurate dietary intake data are critical to nutrition care planning. Commonly used food record charts (FRC) are paper‐based, time consuming, require nutrient analysis estimations, and may provide limited accuracy. The present study aimed to validate Mobile Intake® (MI) (an electronic food intake tool incorporating the five‐point visual scale and providing automatic nutrient analysis) for usability and efficacy in quantifying dietary intake in the healthcare setting.

Methods

Two research stages within two tertiary hospitals included: (1) examining criterion validity and efficiency of dietary intake quantification using FRC and MI compared to the gold standard weighed food record (WFR) in a controlled environment and (2) comparing efficiency and effectiveness of FRC and MI in usual care conditions.

Results

In Stage 1, dietary intake was calculated (n = 90) with a significant difference across all methods (FRC, MI and WFR) for energy (p = 0.04), but not between MI and WFR (p = 1.00). The time taken for MI (40 s) was significantly less than FRC (174 s) and WFR (371 s) (p < 001). In Stage 2, dietary intake was determined (n = 210) using FRC and MI. Sufficient data to complete dietary analysis were available for 35% of meals from FRC compared to 98% from MI. Calculated mean daily energy intake (4764 ± 1432 kJ vs. 6636 ± 2519 kJ, p = 0.002) and mean daily protein intake (62.9 ± 12.7 g vs. 78.5 ± 22.2 g, p = 0.007) were significantly lower with FRC compared to MI. Average time to complete MI was 14.4 seconds.

Conclusions

MI demonstrates efficacy as an accurate measure of dietary intake compared to WFR, as well as usability, providing faster, more accurate and comprehensive real‐time intake data in practice than FRC.
Indefinite Objects in Micro‐variation. A Cross‐linguistic Analysis of the Distribution of Partitives Articles, Bare Nominals and Definite Determiners in Northern Italy*
Authors: Pinzin Francesco , Poletto Cecilia
Published: November 2021

This contribution focuses on indefinite arguments in object position. We address this topic from the point of view of the crosslinguistic variation within the Romance continuum, especially looking at Northern Italian Dialects (NIDs). The target is to describe the distribution of the different possible realizations of this kind of arguments in this area by means of an in‐depth analysis of the data coming from the ASIt database and from three new fieldwork sessions. We show that the microvariation attested in this area reflects and refines the “macro” variation attested among the major Romance languages. The fine‐grained picture that can be drawn from a closer look to a set of minimally varying languages helps crosslinguistic comparison and, consequently, the modeling of more precise analyses.
Transcontinental polygyny, migration and hegemonic masculinity in Guinea‐Bissau and the Gambia
Authors: Brzezińska Magdalena
Published: November 2021

In the context of transnational migration, many non‐migrant men in Guinea‐Bissau and The Gambia postulate a ‘transcontinental’ version of polygyny, wishing to have one wife in Europe and another in Africa. Such claims are made among competing notions of love based on romantic intimacy and monogamy. This article explores the ways in which people rationalise polygyny in transnational marriage, based on the notion of hegemonic masculinity. Whereas hegemonic masculinity is an ideal asserted discursively, through persuasion, and relies on common consent, some migrant men resort to the strategy of keeping the African wife secret from the European wife—they are only able to assert a ‘one‐sided hegemonic masculinity’ in transnational marriage. Ultimately, global economic inequalities and the demand for labour migration characteristic of contemporary neoliberal globalisation counter the trend towards romantic intimacy, necessitating transnational family forms and favouring polygyny.
Detection of H2 facilitated by ionic liquid gating of tungsten oxide films
Authors: Barbosa Martin S. , da Silva Ranilson A. , Santato Clara , Orlandi Marcelo O.
Published: November 2021

Molecular hydrogen (H2) shows promise as a future renewable energy carrier. However, due to safety concerns, its reliable detection in different atmospheres is an important issue. Here, we propose a hydrogen sensor based on ion-gated transistors exploiting the interface between tungsten oxide and ionic liquids. Two different approaches to gas sensors (metal oxide gas sensor and ionic liquid-based electrochemical sensor) are integrated in a single device. We demonstrate that ionic liquid gating enhances the effect of H2 on the tungsten oxide transistor channel. The transistor current response permits the detection of H2 in an O2-free environment with the device operating in room temperature. After H2 sensing, the initial properties of the tungsten oxide channel can be recovered by exposure to O2.
Role of oxygen flow rate on the structure and stoichiometry of cobalt oxide films deposited by reactive sputtering
Authors: Neto Nilton Francelosi A. , Stegemann Cristiane , Affonço Lucas J. , Leite Douglas M. G. , da Silva José H. D.
Published: November 2021

The influence of the oxygen gas supply on the stoichiometry, structure, and orientation texture of polycrystalline cobalt oxide films was investigated in this study. The films were grown by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering using a metallic Co target and different O2 inlet flow rates (0.5–5.0 SCCM). The deposition power (80 W), the argon gas flow (40 SCCM), and the total working pressure (0.67 Pa) were kept constant during depositions. The results evidence a strong influence of the oxygen flow over the film’s stoichiometry and structure, where low oxygen flows (<2.0 SCCM) favor the formation of the rock salt CoO phase while higher oxygen flows (>2.5 SCCM) favor the spinel Co3O4 phase formation. The coexistence of monoxide and tetraoxide phases is only observed for the 2.5 SCCM oxygen flow condition. Strain effects related to the oxygen partial pressure are also observed and discussed. Computer simulations of the reactive sputtering growth supported the analysis of the film properties and its correlation to the oxygen partial pressure.
A High-Content Microscopy Screening Identifies New Genes Involved in Cell Width Control in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Juillot Dimitri , Cornilleau Charlène , Deboosere Nathalie , Billaudeau Cyrille , Evouna-Mengue Parfait , Lejard Véronique , Brodin Priscille , Carballido-López Rut , Chastanet Arnaud
Published: November 2021

Bacterial shape is primarily dictated by the external cell wall, a vital structure that, as such, is the target of countless antibiotics. Our understanding of how bacteria synthesize and maintain this structure is therefore a cardinal question for both basic and applied research.
Paleontological postage stamps in art and education
Authors: Lipps Jere H. , Vartak Ajit , Van Eijden Ton , Rajshekhar C. , Vaddadi Sudha , Vartak Rohit
Published: November 2021

Postage stamps are small works of art seen by people worldwide that can be used effectively in education. The first paleontological stamp was released by India in 1951. Since then, over 4000 stamps with fossils, paleontologists, museums, and collecting sites have been issued by almost 200 countries. Stamps that illustrate fossils or reconstructions are intrinsically interesting and popular with many of the millions of stamp collectors. All disciplines of paleontology are represented, but dinosaurs are by far the most common subject, although even bacteria appear on a few stamps. Most of the stamps were scientifically accurate at the time they were issued though some artists took artistic liberties to fashion unique stamps. Overall, the stamps are artistic and educational because their small sizes and low cost make them easily accessible for classroom activities, exhibits, and presentations. They cover topics such as biodiversity, geology, ecology, oceanography, and evolution, among others. Paleophilately has provided art, education, joy, and happiness to people worldwide.
Abdominal intercostal hernia and costal arch repair
Authors: Moneim Jacob
Published: November 2021

A 70-year-old asthmatic man presented with a history of chronic intermittent left-sided chest pains and a bulge-like deformity of his chest which became more prominent with expiration. He sustained a traumatic fall 2 years prior whereby he fractured his right humerus at the surgical neck, requiring total arthroplasty. Examination and CT imaging of the thorax revealed a left costal arch fracture with hemidiaphragm rupture and associated transperitoneal fat herniation. He underwent left thoracolaparotomy with costal arch and diaphragmatic hernia repair. He was discharged 48 hours postoperatively and is satisfied with good outcomes under initial follow-up. This case report highlights the surgical management of a condition that usually presents late after significant trauma and may progress to visceral strangulation if untreated.
Primary slow-coagulation transscleral cyclophotocoagulation laser treatment for medically recalcitrant neovascular glaucoma
Authors: Khodeiry Mohamed M , Lauter Alison J , Sayed Mohamed S , Han Ying , Lee Richard K
Published: November 2021

Aims

To report treatment outcomes of slow-coagulation continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) as an initial surgical intervention in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Methods

A retrospective study including 53 patients (mean age of 69.6±16.6 years and mean follow-up of 12.7±8.9 months) with a diagnosis of NVG and no previous incisional glaucoma or cyclophotocoagulation surgeries. All patients underwent slow-coagulation continuous-wave TSCPC (1250-milliwatt power and 4-second duration).

Primary outcome measure was surgical success defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) from 6 to 21 mm Hg with a reduction ≥20% from baseline, no reoperation for glaucoma and no loss of light perception vision. Secondary outcome measures include IOP, glaucoma medications, visual acuity (VA) and complications.

Results

IOP decreased from 40.7±8.6 mm Hg preoperatively to 18.4±12.2 mm Hg postoperatively (p<0.001). The preoperative number of glaucoma medications dropped from 3.3±1.1 at baseline to 2.0±1.5 at the last postoperative visit (p<0.001). The cumulative probabilities of success at 12 and 24 months were 71.7% and 64.2 %, respectively. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VA was relatively unchanged from 2.27±0.63 to 2.25±0.66 at the last follow-up visit (p=0.618). The most common observed complications were decrease in baseline VA (13.2%) and anterior chamber inflammation (9.4%).

Conclusions

Slow-coagulation TSCPC is an effective and relatively safe initial surgical intervention in medically uncontrolled NVG.
Growth patterns by sex and age among under-5 children from 87 low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Costa Janaína Calu , Blumenberg Cauane , Victora Cesar
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Although boys tend to be more affected by linear growth faltering than girls, little is known about sex differences across distinct age groups. We aimed to compare sex differences in linear growth throughout the first 5 years of life among children from low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods

We analysed 87 cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Cluster Indicator Surveys (2010–2019). Growth was expressed as height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) based on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards. Sex-specific means were estimated for each country and results were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis for all children and by 12-month age groups. Using linear regression, we assessed the association between sex differences in HAZ and gross domestic product as a proxy for national economic development.

Results

Boys presented lower mean HAZ than girls in the first 30 months. Sex differences were mostly absent between 30 and 45 months, and in several countries, girls had lower HAZ at ages over 45 months. The pooled sex difference (boys minus girls) for the whole sample was −0.10 (95% CI −0.12 to −0.08). The difference was −0.17 (95% CI −0.20 to −0.14) at 0–11 months and −0.22 (95% CI −0.25 to −0.19) at 12–23 months. This was followed by a narrowing of the sex gap to −0.10 (95% CI −0.13 to −0.07) and −0.04 (95% CI −0.07 to −0.01) among children aged 24–35 and 36–47 months, respectively. At 48–59 months, there was evidence of female disadvantage; the mean height-for-age of boys was 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.05) SDs higher than for girls. Ecological analyses showed that in all age groups, male disadvantage decreased with increasing national income, and this was no longer present for the 4-year-old children, particularly in wealthier countries.

Conclusion

Male disadvantage in linear growth is most evident in the first years, but by the age of 4 years, the sex gap has mostly disappeared, and in some countries, the gap has been reversed.
Abdominal Aortic Junctional Tourniquet - Stabilized (AAJTS) can be applied both successfully and rapidly by Combat Medical Technicians (CMTs)
Authors: Smith Thomas Nicholas , Beaven A , Handford C , Sellon E , Parker P J
Published: November 2021

Background

‘Non-compressible’ haemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable battlefield death, often requiring surgical or radiological intervention, which is precluded in the pre-hospital environment. One-fifth of such bleeds are junctional and therefore potentially survivable. We examine the use of the Abdominal Aortic Junctional Tourniquet - Stabilized (AAJTS) among UK Combat Medical Technicians (CMTs) as a device to control junctional haemorrhage with external compression of the abdominal aorta—compression of junctional haemorrhage previously considered ‘non-compressible.’ This follows animal studies showing that the AAJTS achieves control of haemorrhage and improves physiological parameters.

Methods

CMTs were selected and applied the AAJTS to each other following a 1-hour training package. A consultant radiologist-operated hand-held ultrasound monitored flow changes in the subjects’ common femoral artery. CMTs were then surveyed for their opinions as to utility and function.

Results

21 CMTs were screened and 17 CMTs participated with 34 total applications (16 day and 18 low-light). 27/34 (79%) achieved a successful application. The median application time was 75 s in daylight and 57 s in low-light conditions. There was no significant difference in Body Mass Index (p=0.23), median systolic blood pressure (p=0.19), nor class of CMT (p=0.10) between successful and unsuccessful applications. Higher systolic blood pressure was associated with longer application times (p=0.03). Users deemed the device easy to use (median score 4.4 on a 5-point Likert scale).

Conclusion

CMTs can use AAJTS successfully after a 1-hour training session in the majority of applications. Application was successful in both daylight and low-light conditions. Self-reported usability ratings were high.