bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Discrimination and Its Consequences for the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Schouler-Ocak M. , Moran J.
Published: September 2022

Discrimination is a violation of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims in Art. 1 the equality of all human beings without distinction as to race, colour, sex, sexual orientation, religion, age or health. International law assigns three main characteristics to discrimination: disadvantageous treatment, based on unlawful grounds, and lack of reasonable and objective justification. Thus, it must be based on an unlawful characteristic: Ethnicity, religion, national or social origin, language, physical appearance, descent, gender, sexual orientation, age or disability. A growing body of literature has recognized health disparities and has investigated the relationship between discrimination and poor health outcomes. Ethnic minority groups across the world face social and psychological challenges linked to their minority status, often involving discrimination. Furthermore, cumulative exposure to racial discrimination has incremental negative long-term effects on the mental health of ethnic minority people.Studies that examine exposure to discrimination only at one point in time may underestimate the contribution of racism to poor health. Lower patient-centered care was associated with higher perceptions of discrimination, despite experiences of continuous discrimination or discrimination experienced as different types. Further, dissatisfaction with care was associated with discrimination, particularly when experienced in various forms. These findings reinforce a need for patient-provider communication that is inclusive and eliminates perceptions of discrimination and bias, increases patient-centeredness, and improves overall clinical care. Additionally, these results stress the need for more research investigating the relationship between discrimination and outcomes in patients, as perceived discrimination manifests as a significant barrier to effective disease management.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychotic-like Experiences during COVID-19 Outbreak: A survey from Pakistan
Authors: Ullah I. , Arain F. , Tohid A. , Ahmad A. , Jawad M. , Awan A. , Javaid A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite the fact that adolescents have been at higher risk of distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of pandemic on psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is not well described.

Objectives

The study’s objective is to evaluate if PLEs are induced in young individuals aged 18-24 during the pandemic.

Methods

A total of 201 college students from Pakistan (ages 18-24) were recruited for a cross-sectional research. We investigated the incidence of PLEs in Pakistan during the pandemic, their links to socio-demographic factors, COVID-19-related characteristics, depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties. Community Assessment of Psychic Experience’s positive symptom component (CAPE), Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and IBM SPSS 25 were used.

Results

CAPE-Frequency and CAPE-stress were positively associated with PHQ total (p<0.0010); GAD total (p<0.001); time spent indoors due to COVID-19 (p<0.001). Psychiatric disorder other than bipolar disorder or psychosis (p<0.001 for CAPE-frequency and stress), family history of psychiatric disorders (p<0.001 for CAPE-frequency and stress), chronic medical disease (p=0.021 CAPE-frequency and p=0.026 CAPE-stress), illegal drug usage (p<0.001 for CAPE-frequency and stress) were associated with CAPE-Frequency and CAPE-stress. In linear stepwise regression analysis, the best model predicted CAPE-Frequency explained 77.4% of variance with the following variables: PHQ total (B=0.552, SE= 0.08, t=6.909, p<0.001), GAD total (p<0.001), duration at home (p<0.001), and psychiatric disorder in family (p<0.001).

Conclusions

PLEs have been linked with anxiety and depression during the pandemic. Individuals with a mental condition, family history of psychiatric disorder, chronic medical illness, illicit drug use, and increased time spent at home experienced more PLEs and stress.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
An observational naturalistic study on non-suicidal self-harm behaviours in a cohort of adolescents and young inpatients during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Orsolini L. , Ribuoli E. , Fiordelmondo E. , Appignanesi C. , Martino L. , Salvi V. , Volpe U.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) include deliberate behaviours with the intent to self-injure. NSSH prevalence ranges 15.5%-31.3% in adolescents and young adults<25 years-old.

Objectives

Our aim is characterizing the psychopathological domains occurring in adolescent and young adults with NSSH during the second COVID-19-related wave (October 2020-August 2021).

Methods

A cross-sectional study recruited inpatients aged 15-24 consecutively afferent to psychiatric ward due to NSSH, by investigating anger rumination(ARS), emotional regulation (DERS), dissociation (DES-II), metacognitive capabilities(MCQ-30), perceived stress (PSS), self-criticism (LOSCS), emotional intelligence (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test-RMET), aggressiveness (AQ), impulsiveness (BIS-11), hopelessness(BHS), alexithymia (TAS-20). NSSH were characterized by using suicide score scale(SSS) and deliberate self-harm interview (DSHI).

Results

A 7-fold increase in young inpatient access was observed from 2019 to 2021. DSHI median was 2 (95%CI=1,17-2,73), SSS-12months median was 5 (95%CI=4.2-6.7), SSS-lifetime median was 5 (95%CI=3.4-5.3) and MINI median was 5 (95%CI=3.4-4.7). Linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlations revealed strong correlations between DSHI and BHS (r=0.550), TAS-20 (r=0.495), AQ-hostility(r=0.529),AQ-total (r=0.446), PSS(r=0.454), DERS-total (r=0.621), DERS-lack_of_control
(r=0.658),MCQ-total(r=0.534),MCQ-perception_danger_not_

control (r=0.583); between SSS-12months and AQ-total (r=0.456), AQ-Anger (r=0.443), BIS-total(r=0.457),BIS-Attentional-Impulsiveness (r=0.511),BIS-Complex-Motor-Impulsiveness (r=0.507), PSS (r=0.617), DERS(r=0.571), DES(r=0.559).

Conclusions

COVID-19-related increased perceived stress and depressive symptomatology may have facilitated the onset of severe NSSH in adolescents and young people with trait impulsiveness, hostility and affective dysregulation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Procalcitonin as new inflammatory mediator in cases of 1st episode drug naive major depressive disorder: a case-control study
Authors: El Sayed S. , Gomaa S. , Gomaa Z.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Procalcitonin (PCT) is the prohormone of calcitonin.Whereas calcitonin is only produced in the C cells of thethyroid gland as a result of hormonal stimulus, PCT is secreted by different cells from numerous organs in response to proinflammatory stimulation, particularly bacterial overactivity,also procalcitonin level might be elevated during the depressive episode as a result of inflammatory theory.PCT assessment is not fully studied in different psychaiatric disorders and particularly in major depressive disorder.

Objectives

1-To study the level of Procalcitonin level in 1st episode drug naive major depressive disorder. 2-To investigate the relation between procalcitonin level and cognitive dysfunctions in these patients 3-To illustrate the role of PCT in psychopathology of Major depressive disorder

Methods

1-Socio-demographic data of the target group of patients 2-Psychiatric evaluation using DSM 5 diagnostic criteria 3-Hamilton rating scale of Depression 4-Laboratory assessment of Procalcitonin level (PCT) using VIDAS® B·R·A·H·M·S PCT™ 5-Cogintive evaluation using novel battery of THINC-IT

Results

1-Elevated level of Procalcitonin(PCT) in the targeted patients in comparison to control group 2-The level of PCT is positively associated with the cognitive dysfuctions reported in these patients. 3-The severity of depressive psychopathology is related positively to the elevated level of PCT

Conclusions

Procalcitonin (PCT) assessment played an importnat role in the etiopathogenesis of 1st episode drug naive major depressive disorder,also it has a crucial role in the cognitive dysfunctions commonly reported in these patients

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Safety of concomitant tranylcypromine treatment during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) series
Authors: Kavakbasi E. , Ciftci G.M. , Tonkul M. , Baune B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Tranylcypromine (TCP), an irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), is recommended for difficult-to-treat depression. Besides the requirement of a low-tyramine diet, there are concerns about the safety of TCP treatment during anaesthesia and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). For safety reasons, many psychiatrists prefer to terminate TCP before ECT.

Objectives

To assess the safety of tranylcypromine treatment during ECT series in patients with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD).

Methods

In this retrospective study we report on n=19 patients, who were treated with tranylcypromine during the ECT series. ECT parameters, clinical and safety data were obtained from our clinical database.

Results

Mean age of patients was 51 years (range 29-77) at time of the first ECT sessions. 58 % (n=11) of patients were female. In total, 198 ECT sessions were analysed (mean 11, median 9,5 per patient). Mean TCP dose was 44 mg at time of first ECT (median 43). Concomitant TCP and ECT treatments were well tolerated during the entire ECT series. In one case TCP treatment was discontinued due to self-limiting bigeminus during the ECT session. In another case TCP and other drugs as well as the ECT series were stopped after the patient developed delirium. At the end of ECT series the mean TCP dosage was 37 mg.

Conclusions

Tranylcypromine appears to be safe during ECT series and does not necessarily have to be terminated prior to electroconvulsive therapy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Late 1800s Fringe Electrotherapeutic Devices: Comparative Electrical Capabilities
Authors: Cox D. , Carr B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Desperation for cure led to 19th century invention-- electrotherapeutic devices; replete with hyperbolic claims of cure-all, perceived ineffectiveness, and potential harm rendered the modality as quackery but were used in early brain stimulation, melancholia treatment, and cortex mapping. Here, antique devices are restored, and their electrophysiological qualities ascertained.

Objectives

Determine the comparative capabilities of these devices in delivering electrostimulation and compare with modern standards to understand possible electrophysiological sequelae.

Methods

Devices known as “medical batteries” were analyzed. Power delivery utilized a “voltaic battery”, simple circuit, and a conductor wrapped around an iron core. When the circuit is energized, the core is magnetized by direct current of the battery which induces an alternating current that electrifies probes used on the body. Due to their marked age, a common 9-volt battery was exchanged for the corrosive dry cell paste batteries. Electrical parameters were then measured.

Results

Table 1
Device
Frequency (Hz)
Resistance (Ohms)
Max Output (Amps)
Min Output (Amps)
Max Output (Volts)Min Output (Volts)Voltampa2k – 12K600.660.3360V20VJ.H. Bunnell & Co.’s No. 4 D.D.7k-10k5060.4300V20VSchall & Son
(London)b300-12004010.52.75420V110V

Conclusions

Devices for electrotherapeutics ranged from anemic vibrations to dangerous tetany inducing shocks. Measuring the capabilities of these devices shows the robust yields possible if the original higher capacity batteries were utilized. The reality is, cure or not, the devices were surprisingly potent. It is interesting that, albeit unrefined, efficacious doses were available before modern electrification.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Portuguese General Directorate of Health (ASR-MH-COVID19) - Development and validation
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabacos C. , Soares S. , Pacheco M.J. , Manão A. , Araújo A. , Amaral A.P. , Sousa R. , Macedo A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 crisis has generated an increasing stress throughout the population.

Objectives

To develop and validate the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Portuguese General Directorate of Health (GDH) (ASR-MH-COVID19).

Methods

The items content was based on the GDH guides for the prevention of mental health and psychosocial well-being of the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. After content and facial validity analysis, the preliminary version of the ASR-MH-COVID19 (8 items to be answered on a Likert scale) was completed by 413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272), in September-December 2020 (Sample1) and then by 967 (70.9% female; mean age=34.02±14,272), in February-May 2021 (Sample2). Sample1 was randomly divided in two sub-samples. Sample1A was used for exploratory factor analysis/EFA and Sample1B for confirmatory factor analysis/CFA; CFA was then replicated with Sample2. The online surveys also included the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations of Portuguese GDH to minimize the impact of COVID-19 (ASR-COVID-19; Pereira et al. 2020).

Results

CFAs were informed by EFA and showed that the unidimensional model presented acceptable-good fit indexes (Sample1B: χ2/df=2.747; RMSEA=.0980, p<.001; CFI=.973; TLI=.918, GFI=.972; Sample2: χ2/df=3.327; RMSEA=.0490, p<.001; CFI=.993; TLI=.983, GFI=.990). Cronbach’s alfas were α<.850. Pearson correlations between ASR-MH-COVID19 and ASR-COVID19 were significant (p<.01) and moderate-high for the total (r=.753) and dimensional scores (Distance and respiratory hygiene, r=.739; House and personal hygiene, r=.584; Use of remote services and isolation r=.425).

Conclusions

The new ASR-MH-COVID19 has shown validity and reliability, allowing the investigation of this (mental) health behaviour.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Relationship between personality, adherence to (mental) health behaviours and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabacos C. , Soares S. , Araújo A. , Manão A. , Amaral A.P. , De Sousa R. , Macedo A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Public health authorities around the world have been disseminating messages to support mental health and psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Portuguese guidelines, we have developed the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic (ASR-MH-COVID19) to better understand this health behaviour.

Objectives

To analyse the relationship between sociodemographics, personality traits, Adherence (to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic) and psychological distress.

Methods

413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272) completed an on-line survey, in September-December 2020, including sociodemographic questions, ASR-MH-COVID19, NEO-FFI-20 and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Health Perception Scale.

Results

Adherence scores did not significantly differ by gender, age and years of education. Women presented higher DASS and Neuroticism scores (p<.01). Adherence were negatively correlated with Neuroticism (r=-.247) and with Depression/Anxiety/Stress (all r».-200), positively with Openness to Experience (r=.174), Conscientiousness (r=.194) and Perceived Health (Physical, r=.173 and Psychological, r=.215) (all p<.01). Mediation analysis (Hays’ Macro Process - Model 4) revealed that Adherence is a partial mediator between Openness and DASS and Conscientiousness and DASS; when considering Neuroticism, only the direct effect was significant. The effect of Perceived Health (both Physical and Psychological) on DASS was also mediated by Adherence.

Conclusions

The Health Behaviour Model proposes a pathway linking personality and health that applies to these results about adherence and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and perceived health (also a trait) influence both adherence to mental health behaviours and psychological distress. Understanding personality is vital for health care providers.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Educational Attainment Inequalities in Depressive Symptoms in More Than 100 000 Individuals in Europe
Authors: Chlapecka A. , Kagstrom A. , Cermakova P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Increasing educational attainment (EA) could decrease the occurrence of depression. We investigated the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in older individuals across four European regions.

Objectives

1) examine association between EA and depressive symptoms 2) determine, if there is an upper limit to this association 3) explore regional and demographic differences within this relationship across Europe

Methods

We studied 108 315 Europeans (54 % women, median age 63 years old) in Europe assessing EA and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression estimated the association between EA and depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors; testing for sex/age/region and education interactions.

Results

Higher EA was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, independent of sociodemographic and health-related factors. A threshold of the lowest odds of depressive symptoms was detected at the first stage of tertiary education (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.55-0.65; p<0.001; relative to no education). Central and Eastern Europe showed the strongest association (OR for high vs. low education 0.37; 95% CI 0.33-0.40; p<0.001) and Scandinavia the weakest (OR for high vs. low education 0.69; 95% CI 0.60-0.80; p<0.001). The association was strongest amongst younger individuals. There was a sex and education interaction only within Central and Eastern Europe.

Conclusions

Level of EA is reflected in later-life depressive symptoms, suggesting that supporting individuals in achieving EA, and considering those with lower EA at increased risk for depression, could lead to decreased burden of depression across the life-course. Further educational support in Central and Eastern Europe may decrease the higher burden of depressive symptoms in women.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The Value and Challenges of Implementing Patient Centered Measures in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting
Authors: Scanferla E. , Gorwood P.
Published: September 2022

Background: Measuring and interpreting outcome is challenging in mental health services than in some other areas of health care. Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) explore results of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) in psychiatric hospital settings, (2) describe the relation between generic PROMs (measure of well-being) and specific PROMs (disorder-specific symptom assessments), (3) describe the congruence between patients and clinicians evaluation of the care experience (based on Patients reported experience measures and Clinician reported experience measures). Methods: A total of 269 consecutive patients participated in this study. Results: (1) Subjective experience of well-being (outcome) improved after hospitalisation (+15%, avg). High satisfaction with subjective experience of care (85%, avg). (2) Significant correlation between patients’ assessment of subjective well-being (generic PROMs) and clinical improvement (specific PROMs) (p <0.007). (3) Significant correlation between patient and clinician experience of care (p= 0.002). Conclusions: One of the first French studies on the use of standardised PROMs and PREMs in psychiatric hospital settings. Results suggest that subjective well-being measures complement the assessment of the patient’s clinical symptoms and social functioning. The effectiveness of care depends on the consideration of these three dimensions. The use of core patient-reported measures, as part of systematic measurement and performance monitoring in mental health care, provides valuable input to the clinicians’ practice.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Are allergic diseases and internalizing and externalizing behaviours in children related? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gonzalez-Fraile E. , Berzosa-Grande M.P. , Sánchez-López R. , Soria-Oliver M. , Rueda-Esteban S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of allergies in children has grown in last few decades. Allergies are very often associated with physical, mental, and emotional problems that could be detected through child’s behaviour and feelings.

Objectives

to describe and compare children’s behaviour (internalizing and externalizing) across a sample of children aged 6–11 years with and without allergic diseases.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational case-control study. A survey to 366 families (194 allergic cases and 172 controls), including a child behaviour checklist (CBCL) and a socio-demographic questionnaire with questions related to family, school education, health conditions and allergy symptoms, was administered.

Results

Children with a diagnosis of allergy showed higher scores in the overall CBCL score (standardised mean differences [SMD]= 0.47; confidence intervals [CI]: 0.26–0.68) and in the internalizing and externalizing factors (SMD=0.52 and SMD=0.36, respectively) than non-allergic children. Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed a higher risk (OR=2.76; 95% CI [1.61 to 4.72]) of developing a behavioural difficulty in children diagnosed with allergies. Age and level of asthma appear as modulatory variables.

Conclusions

Children aged 6–11 years diagnosed with allergies showed larger behavioural problems than non-allergic children. This relationship is stronger in internalizing behaviours. These findings suggest the importance of attending to them and treating them in the early stages of diagnosis to avoid future psychological disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Neuroticism, Empathy, and Internet Addiction in Different Roles in Cyberbullying
Authors: Soldatova G. , Chigarkova S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Research on cyberbullying has focused on the psychological characteristics of victims and aggressors, but the important roles of bystanders and defenders have not been sufficiently explored (Escortell et al., 2020; Polanco-Levican, Salvo-Garrido, 2021; Schultze-Krumbholz et al., 2018).

Objectives

The aim is to compare neuroticism, empathy, and Internet addiction in adolescents in different roles in cyberbullying.

Methods

1505 adolescents aged 12-17 years old from 8 Federal regions in Russia appraised their experience of cyberbullying (as aggressors, victims, passive bystanders and defenders) using vignettes and filled Aggression Questionnaire (Buss, Perry, 1992), Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling et al., 2003; Egorova, Parshikova,2016); Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1983; Karyagina, Kukhtova, 2016) and Chen Internet Addiction Scale (in adaptation Malygin, Feklisov, 2011).

Results

More than one-third of adolescents (37%) reported experience of cyberbullying in different roles, mostly as passive bystanders (52%). Among the active roles were 30% defenders, 10% victims and 7% aggressors. Aggressors have the lowest empathy scores on the scales of Fantasy (F= 5.424, p=0.001) and Empathic Concern (F= 2.914, p=0.034) and Neuroticism (F= 3.060, p=0.028), while defenders, on the contrary, have the highest levels. The level of these psychological characteristics in victims is lower than in defenders and bystanders. These results are coherent with a number of studies (Escortell et al., 2020; Schultze-Krumbholz et al., 2018). There are no significant differences in Internet addiction between adolescents in different cyberbullying roles.

Conclusions

Results can be used to effective intervention and prevention of cyberbullying based on specific personality role profiles. The research was supported by RSF (project No. 18-18-00365)

Disclosure

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project # 18-18-00365.
Neurocognitive features of children and adolescents with different levels of multitasking
Authors: Soldatova G. , Vishneva A. , Koshevaya A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The spread of media multitasking in the modern world determines researcher’s interest in studying the neurocognitive development features of children who strive to act in this mode since childhood (Minear et al., 2013; Uncapher et al., 2016).

Objectives

The aim is to study neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with single-tasking and multitasking.

Methods

Quasi-experiment was conducted among 154 children of three age groups (7-10; 11-13; 14-16) and included simultaneous tasks performance on a computer and a smartphone. Neuropsychological indicators were studied (Akhutina, 2016): programming and control, serial organization, visual and auditory-speech memory, neurodynamics. The behavior social modeling and executive functions were studied with WISC (Information and Comprehension subtests) and Dots-test (Akhutina et al., 2017). The multitaskers groups were identified according to the number of returns to tasks: single-taskers (42.9%), single-taskers with multitasking elements (1-2 returns) (40.9%), multitaskers (3 and more returns) (16.2%).

Results

The number of multitaskers increased by adolescence. In children aged 7-10 single-taskers were more productive than multitaskers in programming, switchability, the volume of auditory-speech and visual memory, neurodynamics. They performed Dots-test faster. At the age of 11-13, multitaskers had higher scores on the Comprehension subtest and higher verbal activity when composing a story. Regulation and switchability errors in multitaskers aged 11-13 were episodic. At the age of 14-16 multitaskers were more productive in some parameters of switchability.

Conclusions

In primary school single-taskers have a neurocognitive advantage, but by adolescence differences are leveled, and in some parameters multitaskers are ahead of single-taskers. The study was funded by RFBR, project No. 19-29-14181.

Disclosure

The reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 19-29-14181.
Epidemiological and clinical profile of suicide attempts in Tunisian adolescents
Authors: Boukhchina R. , Aissa A. , Kammoun I. , Zgueb Y. , Madouri S. , Ouali U. , Jomli R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Suicidal behavior remains an important clinical problem and a major cause of death in youth.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of adolescents with suicide attempts.

Methods

This is a retrospective descriptive study that focused on a population of Tunisian adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years old and who were hospitalized after a suicide attempt between between January, 1st 2010 and November,15th 2018, in Razi Hospital.

We used a pre-established questionnaire that explored the sociodemographic and clinical data of patients.

Results

Sixty adolescents were included in this study. The average age of the respondents was 14.3±2 years. The sex-ratio (m/f
) was 0, 36. The suicidal adolescent was a female (73%), single (98%), enrolled in school (66%) with school failure history (52%). Family history of suicide was reported in 8%. Fifty adolescents (83%) lived with their parents and the relationship with them was described as disturbed in 60% of them. A history of physical and sexual abuse was reported in 25% during first adolescence and 15% during second adolescence. The most frequent diagnoses were adjustment disorder with depressed mood (45%) and depression (28%). Drug ingestion was the most common mean of suicide (63%), in an impulsive way in 82% of cases.

Conclusions

Development of repeated epidemiological surveys makes it possible to better understand the prevalence of suicide attempts in adolescents and to implement suicide prevention programs.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Experience in the Child/Youth Mental Health Centre of Leganés (Madrid) during the first lockdown
Authors: Díez Valle B. , De La Fuente Cabrero S. , Martín Roldán A. , Zurita Zarco C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The municipality of Leganés has been very vulnerable to the effects of the crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic (both due to the incidence of the infection and the socioeconomic situation). Multiple studies show that children and adolescents, especially those with a psychiatric background, have been one of the most affected groups during the confinement.

Objectives

Firstly, to describe the characteristics of clinical care at the Child/Youth Mental Health Centre of Leganés (Madrid) during the first lockdown (March-June 2020). Secondly, to present data on the clinical evolution of the patients along this period (n = 720).

Methods

Descriptive study and literature review.

Results

Clinical care during the period of strict confinement was mainly by telephone, although the most serious cases were attended in person. In addition, referral to Intensive outpatient programs was interrupted. The results show 56% of patients remained stable. Anxious symptoms (35%) and behavioural disturbances (24%) were most frequently referred (Figure 1), It is noteworthy that the most critical cases (such as suicide attempts or domestic violence) were observed in adolescents and that at least 11% of patients increased their use of electronic devices.

Conclusions

The first confinement stage was particularly stressful for families and especially for children and adolescents, although most patients remained psychopathologically stable. However, other studies have found a significant increase in child and adolescent mental health problems during the following months (de-escalation stage).

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Does Vitamin D matter? The role of calcium homeostasis imbalance in clinical severity of psychiatric patients
Authors: Altucci G. , Giannelli L. , Palummo C. , Di Cerbo A. , Agnese S. , Cipolla S. , Fabrazzo M. , Perris F. , Catapano F. , Luciano M. , Sampogna G. , Fiorillo A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Vitamin D modulates the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors and it is involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses, with a potential impact on clinical status of patients with severe mental disorders. Moreover, available evidences report that decreased blood levels of Vitamin D are associated to a worse course of psychotic and affective disorders.

Objectives

We assessed calcium homeostasis imbalance in a sample of inpatients and outpatients, referring to the Department of Psychiatry of University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in order to explore levels of Calcium, PTH and Vitamin D and their influence in clinical severity among this different subgroups.

Methods

All patients were administered The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) to assess different domains of psychopathology. Vitamin D, Calcium and PTH levels were assessed in all patients. An-ad hoc schedule was administered for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

The total sample consisted of 152 patients (75 males and 77 females with 47.3 ± 14.4 age at admission, 74 inpatients and 78 outpatients). Patients with lower level of Vitamin D are more likely to present higher number of relapses (p<0.05) and to be inpatients (<0.01). Finally, serum levels of Vitamin D were negatively correlated with all the BPRS subscales (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Lower levels of Vitamin D correlate with a worse clinical outcome of patients with different psychiatric diagnosis. Our results highlight the importance to routinely assess PTH, Vit D and calcium levels, especially in inpatients. Moreover, Vitamin D may represent a valid add-on treatment for these patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Impact of serotonin transporter (SERT) binding affinity on the risk of libido disorders related to antidepressants
Authors: Zeiss R. , Gahr M. , Graf H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Sexual dysfunction is a frequent adverse drug reaction (ADR) of antidepressants that considerably affects quality of life and adherence to therapy. We previously investigated the potential underlying neurofunctional mechanisms by neuroimaging methods and revealed a dampening of the dopaminergic mesolimbic-mesocortical reward system along with decreased sexual functioning under serotonergic antidepressants compared to placebo.

Objectives

Within a combined pharmacoepidemiologic and pharmacodynamic approach, we examined the association between serotonin transporter (SERT) affinity of various antidepressants and corresponding alterations in sexual desire as ADR.

Methods

Using disproportionality analyses, reporting odds ratios (RORs) were calculated for reports indicating decreased sexual desire as ADR under the antidepressants. The data were extracted from the WHO global database of individual case safety reports VigiBase and several MedDRA terms were grouped for “Sexual Desire Disorders”. For the pharmacodynamic assessment, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between SERT affinity and corresponding RORs

Results

16 signals were detected for “Sexual Desire Disorders”. We observed a statistically significant (r (20) =. 65, p = 0.001) association between SERT affinity and decreased sexual desire. Higher SERT affinity was associated with higher risk of sexual desire.

Conclusions

While sexual dysfunctions under serotonergic medication were previously described, we now elaborated that in particular attenuated sexual desire as ADR is associated with SERT affinity of the antidepressant. These results strengthen our previously described neurofunctional model regarding sexual dysfunction under antidepressant medication and indicate that the specific SERT affinity of the antidepressant drug should be considered in clinical practice to minimize the risk of this ADR.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Beyond pain: a study on the variance of pain thresholds within BDSM interactions in dominants and submissives
Authors: Wuyts E. , De Neef N. , Coppens V. , Schuerewegen A. , De Zeeuw-Jans I. , Van Der Pol M. , Morrens M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

BDSM is an acronym describing bondage & discipline, dominance & submission and sadism & masochism. Afflicting or receiving pain is usually an important part of the BDSM interaction.

Objectives

This research focuses on better understanding the aspect of pain within a BDSM interaction by investigating the differences in 1) baseline pain thresholds, 2) the impact of a BDSM interaction on those thresholds and 3) threshold moderating factors like pain cognition between submissive and dominant BDSM participants and control individuals.

Methods

Submissive and dominant counterparts of 35 couples were recruited to participate in a BDSM interaction, of which 34 dominants and 33 submissives were included in analyses. A non-BDSM interested control group (n=27) was included to control for social interaction, of which 24 were included in analyses. Pain threshold measurements were measured at three points in time and pain cognitions scales were taken.

Results

BDSM practitioners have a higher pain threshold overall and a BSDM interaction will result in a temporary elevation of pain thresholds for submissives. Additionally, pain thresholds in dominants will be dependent upon their fear of pain and tendency to catastrophize pain and submissives will experience less fear of pain than the control group.

Conclusions

This study helps shed further light on the biological processes behind a BDSM interaction through pain threshold measurements. By enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind a BDSM interaction in this way, we aspire to relieve the stigma these practitioners still endure.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The Genetic Underpinnings of Affective Temperaments: Identifying Novel Risk Variants with a Whole Genome Analytical Approach
Authors: Gonda X. , Eszlari N. , Torok D. , Gal Z. , Millinghoffer A. , Antal P. , Juhasz G. , Bagdy G.
Published: September 2022

One reason behind the failure to understand the neurobiological background of affective disorders and develop more effective treatments is their heterogeneity warranting identification of clinically meaningful endophenotypes. Affective temperaments, considered subclinical manifestations and pathoplastic contributors of affective illnesses may constitute such endophenotypes. 775 general population subjects were phenotyped for affective temperaments using TEMPS-A, and genotyped using Illumina’s CoreExom PsychChip yielding 573141 variants. Primary SNP-based association tests were calculated using linear regression models assuming an additive genetic effect with the first 10 calculated principal components, gender, age, and other affective temperaments as covariates; a Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance threshold set at p≤5.0×10−8, and suggestive significance threshold set at p≤1.0x10-5. SNP-level relevances were aggregated to gene-level with the PEGASUS method, with a Bonferroni-corrected significance level set at 2.0×10-6, and suggestive significance thrshold set at p≤4.0×10-4. Functional effects of most significant SNPs as reported in public open databases based on expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and 3D-chromatin interactions were explored using FUMA v1.3.5. In SNP-based tests a novel genome-wide significant variant, rs3798978 (p=4.44x10-8) and several other suggestively significant SNPs in ADGRB3 were found for anxious temperament along with suggestively significant SNPs for the other four affective temperaments. In gene-based tests suggestively significant findings emerged for all five temperaments. Functional analysis suggested that several of the identified variants influence gene-expression levels or participate in chromatin interactions in brain areas implicated in affective disorders. In the next step these findings should be investigated in patient samples, and in other models of affective disorders and related phenotypes.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The sexual function of women with epilepsy: a comparative study
Authors: Sayari N. , Maamri A. , Charaa O. , Tajmout A. , Hajri A. , Zalila H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Epilepsy is a neurological disease that interferes negatively with many areas of the patient’s life. Sexual dysfunction is a frequent comorbidity in epileptic patients. Quality of life is particularly affected in women, who are also culturally stigmatized because of their illness.

Objectives

To assess the sexual function of women with epilepsy compared to healthy women.

Methods

This was a case-control study of female patients with generalized epilepsy, carried out at the national institute of neurology in Tunisia in 2018. The controls were the patients’ companions in the department. They were matched by age with the cases. Sexual function was assessed by the female sexual function index (FSFI).

Results

We included 40 cases and 40 controls.Their averge age was 30.45years. In comparison to the controls,the women with epilepsy had less kids ( p=0.04) and more miscarriages (p=0.032). On the other hand, women with epilepsy presented more sexual dysfunctions (p=0. 03) and had a lower total score on the FSFI (p=0.015) as well as significantly lower scores in the domains “desire” (p=0.009), “orgasm” (p=0.026), “satisfaction” (p=0.001) and pain (p=0.015).

Conclusions

The findings of this study are consisting with the literature, the women with epilepsy in this survey had impaired sexual function. More attention should be paid to these sexual disorders, previously considered secondary or even neglected.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Premature ejaculation and stress
Authors: Sajdlova R. , Fiala L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Recent findings indicate that men with premature ejaculation report more frequent sexual problems associated with increased anxiety and interpersonal difficulties. Also the neuroendocrine changes were examined and compared to other indicators of stressful experiences.

Objectives

Premature Ejaculation (PE) is defined as an ejaculation occurring within one minute after the start of sexual intercourse and occurs in 20-30% of men. They report frequent problems with partnerships and increased anxiety, irritability and orgasmic dysfunction. Premature ejaculation is likely to be associated with decreased serotonergic neurotransmission and higher levels of leptin. Also the role of hyperactive thyroid and prostate disease was investigated. On the other hand there is no evidence as to how previous stressful experience and distrubed partnership might contribute PE.

Methods

Our study comprised 60 male outpatients diagnosed as having secondary premature ejaculation. Clinical examinations were focused on biochemical analysis of cortisol and psychometric scoring using a diagnostic tool for premature ejaculation, traumatic stress and somatoform dissociation. The control group consisted of a 60 healthy men.

Results

The results showed significant Spearman correlations of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool score with Trauma symptoms checklist score (R=0.86), cortisol level (R=0.47) and Somatoform dissociation questionnaire score (R=0.61). In the control group, the results did not reach statistical significance. Spearman correlations of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool score with Trauma symptoms checklist score was (R=0.21), cortisol (R=0.27) and with Somatoform dissociation questionnaire score (R=0.25).

Conclusions

These results represent the first reported findings documenting the relationship of traumatic stress indicators with the experience of secondary premature ejaculation and cortisol levels.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Sexual dysfunctions among men with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation - a two-center study in the Polish population
Authors: Szczegielniak A. , Smolarczyk- Kosowska J. , Wybraniec M. , Krzystanek M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There are no comprehensive studies on sexual dysfunctions among people with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation after excluding concomitant somatic and mental disorders, even though their presence has a significant impact on observed changes in sexual activity and behaviour. Most of the available studies among males are focused on erectile dysfunction due to well established relationship of it with the occurrence of cardiovascular disorders in the future.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sexual disorders among male patients treated for paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation.

Methods

The study group included 54 men diagnosed with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation, qualified for electrical cardioversion and/or ablation of circumferential pulmonary vein, not burdened with additional somatic diseases. The control group consisted of 55 men matched in terms of sex, age and health condition. The study used standard CSFQ-14 sexuality assessment questionnaires, and the WHOQoL-BREF quality of life survey. Mental status examination was performed to exclude those with mental disorders, currently or in the past receiving psychiatric and/or addiction treatment.

Results

The analysis of the survey studies showed that among the surveyed men with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation, the prevalence of sexual problems is high (61.1% study group vs 47.3% control group). There were significant differences between the study group with lower sexual function scores in pleasure, desire/interest, arousal/erection, orgasm/ejaculation, and in the overall CSFQ-14’s score. The desire/frequency ratio did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Comprehensive care requires the assessment of sexual satisfaction and the presence of possible dysfunctions using standardized tools.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Sexuality in ADHD: empirical data concerning hypersexual and paraphilic fantasies and behaviors in adults with ADHD
Authors: Gregório Hertz P. , Turner D. , Retz W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder displaying inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity as core symptoms. It can affect several areas of life including sexual health. Clinicians have often made assumptions concerning the bound of specific ADHD symptoms affecting sexual desire by increasing its frequency and intensity. Yet, there is still a lack of knowledge about the comorbidity between ADHD, hypersexuality, and paraphilias. A recent literature review could show that some individuals who suffer from ADHD report about hypersexual and paraphilic fantasies and behaviors, but as far as we know, no clear empirical data has emerged supporting the idea that hypersexuality and paraphilias are more frequent in individuals with ADHD.

Objectives

The present investigation aimed to compare several sexuality related aspects between individuals with and without ADHD.

Methods

Therefore, we designed an extensive online survey based on established questionnaires, such as the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI). The survey was implemented in a outpatient sample, ADHD specific fora as well as other general online channels.

Results

In total, N = 238 individuals participated in the survey (n = 160 with ADHD). Thereby, individuals with ADHD reported significantly more often about a wide range of hypersexual fantasies and behaviors in comparison to individuals without ADHD. Furthermore, individuals with ADHD reported significantly more often about paraphilic fantasies and behaviors including fetishistic and sadistic sexual fantasies. No differences were found concerning other paraphilias. Further results regarding other facets of sexuality, such as sexual orientation, are to be presented and discussed.

Conclusions

The present study contributes to closing the knowledge gap regarding sexuality in individuals with an ADHD.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effects of paramedical counselling on anxio-depressive symptoms, perceived stress and self-esteem in male factor infertility
Authors: Szatmári A. , Helembai K. , Zádori J. , Kovács I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Elevated levels of anxio-depressive symptoms and perceived stress are widely researched in case of female factor infertility; however, there is scant information on their emergence in case of male factor infertility.

Objectives

The aim of the present study is to assess whether a 5-course paramedical counselling accompanying infertility treatment would have a decreasing impact on anxio-depressive symptom severity and perceived stress and would increase the level of self-esteem in infertile men.

Methods

108 patients were divided into control (n = 51) and experimental (n = 57) groups, where the latter participated in the aforementioned paramedical counselling. Anxio-depressive symptom severity was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory; perceived stress was registered with the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Stress and Coping Inventory, while self-esteem was evaluated by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.

Results

Participation in an infertility programme itself affected positively patients’ self-esteem and decreased their levels of depressive symptom severity (t(50) = 2.738, p = 0.009, 95%CI = 0.167 – 1.088), but an additional 5-session paramedical counselling resulted in a significant lowering of state anxiety symptoms (t(106) = -2.093, p = 0.039, 95%CI = -6.372 – 0.173) contrasted with infertile men not receiving this additional counselling.

Conclusions

Conclusion: Screening for psychological factors is advisable in the course of an infertility treatment, and the implementation of an accompanying paramedical counselling focusing on the alleviation of concomitant psychopathological symptoms would be advisable among male infertile patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.