bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L-Lactate Protects Skin Fibroblasts against Aging-Associated Mitochondrial DysfunctionviaMitohormesis
Authors: Zelenka Jaroslav , Dvořák Aleš , Alán Lukáš
Published: June 2015

A moderate elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain have been associated with a health promotion and a lifespan extension in several animal models of aging. Here, we tested whether this phenomenon called mitohormesis could be mediated byL-lactate. The treatment with 5 mML-lactate significantly increased H2O2production and slightly inhibited the respiration in cultured skin fibroblasts and in isolated mitochondria. TheL-lactate exposure was associated with oxidation of intracellular glutathione, phosphorylation of 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α(PGC1α) transcription. A replicative aging of fibroblasts (L0) with a constant (LC), or intermittent 5 mML-lactate (LI) in media showed that the high-passage LI fibroblasts have higher respiration, lower H2O2release, and lower secretion ofL-lactate compared to L0 and LC. This protection against mitochondrial dysfunction in LI cells was associated with lower activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), less signs of cellular senescence, and increased autophagy compared to L0 and LC. In conclusion, we demonstrated that intermittent but not constant exposure toL-lactate triggers mitohormesis, prevents aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, and improves other markers of aging.
Mineral Oil Aspiration Related Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Nelson Andrew D. , Fischer Philip R. , Reed Ann M. , Wylam Mark E.
Published: June 2015

We describe the development of rheumatoid factor-positive migratory polyarthritis in a 5-year-old male who had been administered bidaily oral mineral oil as a laxative since birth. Minor respiratory symptoms, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings were consistent with chronic lipoid pneumonia. We speculate that immune sensitization to mineral oil promoted the clinical syndrome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines Evolution during theEstufagemof Fortified Wines
Authors: Pereira Vanda , Pereira Ana C. , Pérez Trujillo Juan P. , Cacho Juan , Marques José C.
Published: June 2015

The current study was focused on the impact of accelerated ageing (heating step) on the amino acid and biogenic amine profiles of fortified wines. In this sense, three Madeira wines from two commonly used grape varieties (one red and the other white) were analysed during the heating, at standard (45°C, 3 months) and overheating (70°C, 1 month) conditions, following a precolumn derivatization procedure using iodoacetic acid,o-phthaldialdehyde, and 2-mercaptoethanol, carried out in the injection loop prior to RP-HPLC-FLD detection. Eighteen amino acids were identified, with arginine being the most abundant. An important decrease of the amino acid levels was detected during the standard heating (up to 30%), enhanced up to 61% by the temperature increase. Cysteine, histidine, and asparagine revealed the greatest decreases at 45°C. Conversely, some amino acids, such as asparagine, slightly increased. Four biogenic amines were identified but always in trace amounts. Finally, it was observed that the accelerated ageing did not favour the biogenic amine development. The results also indicate that the heating process promotes the amino acid transformation into new ageing products.
Ground Hemp Fibers as Filler/Reinforcement for Thermoplastic Biocomposites
Authors: Etaati Amir , Pather Selvan , Rahman Moloud , Wang Hao
Published: June 2015

Mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) of ground hemp fibre polypropylene composites were investigated. Ground alkali-treated hemp fibre and noil hemp fibres with various initial fibre lengths were utilized to reinforce polypropylene matrix. Firstly, the microstructural and tensile characterizations of the two types of fibres were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), and Dynamic Mechanical Analyser (DMA). Then, the fibres were ground into different lengths of 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mm; composites containing 40 wt% short hemp fibre and 5 wt% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were fabricated by means of a twin screw extruder and an injection moulding machine. Finally, influence of hemp fibre type and initial hemp fibre length on tensile property of the composites were investigated. The results revealed that addition of either noil hemp fibre or normal treated hemp fibre into the pure polypropylene matrix increased the tensile strength almost twice and stiffness of the composites more than three times. Although noil hemp fibre composite indicated slightly lower mechanical properties than the normal alkali-treated fibre composites, the difference was not significant. The analysis of the results provided the optimum initial fibre length (powder) of 0.2 mm hemp polypropylene composite. The results can be extended to different types of natural fibres.
FoxO Proteins in the Nervous System
Authors: Maiese Kenneth
Published: June 2015

Acute as well as chronic disorders of the nervous system lead to significant morbidity and mortality for millions of individuals globally. Given the ability to govern stem cell proliferation and differentiated cell survival, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the forkhead box class O (FoxO) are increasingly being identified as potential targets for disorders of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and auditory neuronal disease. FoxO proteins are present throughout the body, but they are selectively expressed in the nervous system and have diverse biological functions. The forkhead O class transcription factors interface with an array of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B (Akt), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (SgK), IκB kinase (IKK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), growth factors, and Wnt signaling that can determine the activity and integrity of FoxO proteins. Ultimately, there exists a complex interplay between FoxO proteins and their signal transduction pathways that can significantly impact programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy as well as the development of clinical strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Solution-Processed rGO/AgNPs/rGO Sandwich Structure as a Hole Extraction Layer for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Tran Quang Trung , Thu Hoang Thi , Tran Vinh Son , Cuong Tran Viet , Hong Chang-Hee
Published: June 2015

We found that inserting silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) between two layers of reduced grapheme oxide (rGO) has an effect on tailoring the work function of rGO. The utilization of rGO/AgNPs/rGO sandwich structure as the hole extraction layer in polymer solar cells is demonstrated. Solution-processable fabrication of this sandwich structure at the ITO/active layer interface facilitates the extraction of hole from active layer into ITO anode because of lowering the barrier level alignment at the interface. It results in an improvement of the short circuit current density and the overall photovoltaic performance.
Neuroprotective Effect ofBrassica oleraceaSprouts Crude Juice in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Masci Alessandra , Mattioli Roberto , Costantino Paolo , Baima Simona , Morelli Giorgio , Punzi Pasqualina , Giordano Cesare , Pinto Alessandro , Donini Lorenzo Maria , d’Erme Maria , Mosca Luciana
Published: June 2015

β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) aberrant production and aggregation are major factors implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), causing neuronal deathviaoxidative stress. Several studies have highlighted the importance of polyphenolic antioxidant compounds in the treatment of AD, but complex food matrices, characterized by a different relative content of these phytochemicals, have been neglected. In the present study, we analyzed the protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells treated with the fragment Aβ25–35by two crude juices of broccoli sprouts containing different amounts of phenolic compounds as a result of different growth conditions. Both juices protected against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death as evidenced by cell viability, nuclear chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation measurements. These effects were mediated by the modulation of the mitochondrial function and of theHSP70gene transcription and expression. Furthermore, the juices upregulated the intracellular glutathione content and mRNA levels or activity of antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1viaactivation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although the effects of the two juices were similar, the juice enriched in phenolic compounds showed a greater efficacy in inducing the activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway.
Assessment of Functional Characteristics of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Using Various Methods of Resting-State FMRI Analysis
Authors: Cha Jungho , Hwang Jung-Min , Jo Hang Joon , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L. , Lee Jong-Min
Published: June 2015

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS FMRI) has been widely used to analyze functional alterations in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Although many clinical studies of aMCI and AD patients using RS FMRI have been undertaken, conducting a meta-analysis has not been easy because of seed selection bias by the investigators. The purpose of our study was to investigate the functional differences in aMCI and AD patients compared with healthy subjects in a meta-analysis. Thus, a multimethod approach using regional homogeneity, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and global brain connectivity was used to investigate differences between three groups based on previously published data. According to the choice of RS FMRI approach used, the patterns of functional alteration were slightly different. Nevertheless, patients with aMCI and AD displayed consistently decreased functional characteristics with all approaches. All approaches showed that the functional characteristics in the left parahippocampal gyrus were decreased in AD patients compared with healthy subjects. Although some regions were slightly different according to the different RS FMRI approaches, patients with aMCI and AD showed a consistent pattern of decreased functional characteristics with all approaches.
Caffeine, Coffee, and Tea Intake and Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Sisti Julia S. , Hankinson Susan E. , Caporaso Neil E. , Gu Fangyi , Tamimi Rulla M. , Rosner Bernard , Xu Xia , Ziegler Regina , Eliassen A. Heather
Published: June 2015

Background: Prior studies have found weak inverse associations between breast cancer and caffeine and coffee intake, possibly mediated through their effects on sex hormones.

Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify levels of 15 individual estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) among 587 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II with mid-luteal phase urine samples and caffeine, coffee, and/or tea intakes from self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Multivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate geometric means of individual EM, pathways, and ratios by intake categories, and P values for tests of linear trend.

Results: Compared with women in the lowest quartile of caffeine consumption, those in the top quartile had higher urinary concentrations of 16α-hydroxyestrone (28% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 16-epiestriol (13% difference; Ptrend = 0.04), and a decreased parent estrogens/2-, 4-, 16-pathway ratio (Ptrend = 0.03). Coffee intake was associated with higher 2-catechols, including 2-hydroxyestradiol (57% difference, ≥4 cups/day vs. ≤6 cups/week; Ptrend = 0.001) and 2-hydroxyestrone (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.001), and several ratio measures. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with 2-pathway metabolism, but women in the highest (vs. lowest) category of intake (≥2 cups/day vs. ≤1–3 cups/month) had significantly lower levels of two 16-pathway metabolites, estriol (25% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 17-epiestriol (48% difference; Ptrend = 0.0004). Tea intake was positively associated with 17-epiestriol (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.01).

Conclusion: Caffeine and coffee intake were both associated with profiles of estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women.

Impact: Consumption of caffeine and coffee may alter patterns of premenopausal estrogen metabolism. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(8); 1174–83. ©2015 AACR.
Aberrant TET1 Methylation Closely Associated with CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ichimura Norihisa , Shinjo Keiko , An Byonggu , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Yamao Kenji , Ohka Fumiharu , Katsushima Keisuke , Hatanaka Akira , Tojo Masayuki , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Suzuki Hiromu , Ueda Minoru , Kondo Yutaka
Published: June 2015

Inactivation of methylcytosine dioxygenase, ten-eleven translocation (TET) is known to be associated with aberrant DNA methylation in cancers. Tumors with a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), a distinct subgroup with extensive DNA methylation, show characteristic features in the case of colorectal cancer. The relationship between TET inactivation and CIMP in colorectal cancers is not well understood. The expression level of TET family genes was compared between CIMP-positive (CIMP-P) and CIMP-negative (CIMP-N) colorectal cancers. Furthermore, DNA methylation profiling, including assessment of the TET1 gene, was assessed in colorectal cancers, as well as colon polyps. The TET1 was silenced by DNA methylation in a subset of colorectal cancers as well as cell lines, expression of which was reactivated by demethylating agent. TET1 methylation was more frequent in CIMP-P (23/55, 42%) than CIMP-N (2/113, 2%, P < 0.0001) colorectal cancers. This trend was also observed in colon polyps (CIMP-P, 16/40, 40%; CIMP-N, 2/24, 8%; P = 0.002), suggesting that TET1 methylation is an early event in CIMP tumorigenesis. TET1 methylation was significantly associated with BRAF mutation but not with hMLH1 methylation in the CIMP-P colorectal cancers. Colorectal cancers with TET1 methylation have a significantly greater number of DNA methylated genes and less pathological metastasis compared to those without TET1 methylation (P = 0.007 and 0.045, respectively). Our data suggest that TET1 methylation may contribute to the establishment of a unique pathway in respect to CIMP-mediated tumorigenesis, which may be incidental to hMLH1 methylation. In addition, our findings provide evidence that TET1 methylation may be a good biomarker for the prediction of metastasis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 8(8); 702–11. ©2015 AACR.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕМОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СТРУКТУР СЛИЗОВОЇ ОБОЛОНКИ ШЛУНКА ПІСЛЯ РІЗНИХ МЕТОДІВ ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ВИРАЗКОВОЇ ХВОРОБИ ШЛУНКА У ВІДДАЛЕНОМУ ПЕРІОДІ
Authors: Беденюк А. Д.
Published: June 2015

A morphometric study of operated stomach walls after different methods of surgical treatment of gastric ulcer was performed. It was shown that in the remote period operated stomach wall structure had a tendency to regenerate. The most optimal changes were detected after organsparing method of surgical treatment – selective proximal vagotomy with sighting resection of ischemic segment of the stomach by L. Ya. Kovalchuk.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БАЗ ДАНИХ ДЛЯ ОБРАХУВАННЯ РЕЙТИНГУ ПЕРЕВАГ СЕРЕД ПРАПАРАТІВ-АНАЛОГІВ
Authors: Дроздова А. О. , Притула Р. Л. , Шматенко О. П. , Загорій В. А. , Давтян Л. Л. , Цуркан О. О. , Коритнюк Р. С. , Малецька З. В.
Published: June 2015

The proposed software system has several characteristics that allow it to be recommended for widespread use. Note the ability to quickly analyze the range of drugs and the formation of formulary lists at different levels of medical care, their regular review for timely adjustments in terms of pharmacological and economic efficiency, work with the proposed software requires no special training of medical and pharmaceutical workers on the theory and practice of pharmaco-economic studies.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ІНТРА- ТА ПІСЛЯОПЕРАЦІЙНИХ УСКЛАДНЕНЬ У ПРОГНОЗУВАННІ ВИХОДУ ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ПРОЛІФЕРАТИВНОЇ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЇ РЕТИНОПАТІЇ
Authors: Риков С. О. , Рубан А. М. , Зольнікова А. Ю.
Published: June 2015

The article describes  the results  in detection some factors that may predict visual outcome after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОНТОЛОГІЇ ДЛЯ ПОБУДОВИ СЦЕНАРНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЛІКАРІВ І ПРОВІЗОРІВ
Authors: Mintser О. Z. , Stryzhak О. Ye. , Denysenko S. V.
Published: June 2015

Approaches, facilities and technologies of forming of the personalized electronic grounds of management in the educational- informative environment knowledge are described. The ontological aspects of model scenario construction in doctor’s education post-graduate training accompaniment are considered with the use of the network systems of knowledge. It supposes the decision of increasing of efficiency medical educating of doctors on application of modern network technologies of the distance access to t h e distributed knowledge systems.
Lectotypification of Streptolirion (Commelinaceae)
Authors: Nandikar Mayur D. , Gurav Rajaram V.
Published: June 2015

In the course of revising the family Commelinaceae in India, it has been found that no type was indicated in the protologue of Streptolirion volubile Edgew. Thus, it warrants typification under execute Art. 9.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature (McNeill & al. 2012). Though not cited explicitly in the protologue, we consider Edgeworth’s own material collected in 1844 from the Indian Himalaya and annotated by him to constitute original material and therefore appropriate for typification. We herein designate a specimen at Kew that unequivocally agrees with the protologue as lectotype.
Lessons from First-Generation Climate Science Integrators
Authors: Brugger Julie , Meadow Alison , Horangic Alexandra
Published: June 2015

There is an increasing demand for climate science that decision-makers can readily use to address issues created by climate variability and climate change. To be usable, the science must be relevant to their context and the complex management challenges they face and credible and legitimate in their eyes. The literature on usable science provides guiding principles for its development, which indicate that climate scientists who want to participate in the process need skills in addition to their traditional disciplinary training to facilitate communicating, interacting, and developing and sustaining relationships with stakeholders outside their disciplines. However, the literature does not address questions about what specific skills are needed and how to provide climate scientists with these skills. To address these questions, this article presents insights from interviews with highly experienced and respected "first generation” climate science integrators from across the United States. The term “climate science integrator” is used to refer to climate scientists who specialize in helping decision-makers to integrate the best available climate science into their decision-making processes. The cadre of scientists who participated in the research has largely developed their methods for working successfully with stakeholders without formal training but often with the guidance of a mentor. Their collective wisdom illuminates the kinds of skills needed to be a successful science integrator and provides mentoring for aspiring science integrators. It also suggests the types of training that would cultivate these skills and indicates ways to change academic training and institutions to better encourage the next generation and to support this kind of work.
A Method of Estimating Electric Fields above Electrified Clouds from Passive Microwave Observations
Authors: Peterson Michael , Liu Chuntao , Mach Douglas , Deierling Wiebke , Kalb Christina
Published: June 2015

A unique dataset of coincident high-altitude passive microwave and electric field observations taken by the NASA ER-2 aircraft is used to assess the feasibility of estimating electric fields above electrified clouds using ubiquitous global and multidecadal satellite products. Once applied to a global dataset, such a product would provide a unique approach for diagnosing and monitoring the current sources of the global electric circuit (GEC).

In this study an algorithm has been developed that employs ice scattering signals from 37- and 85-GHz passive microwave observations to characterize the electric fields above clouds overflown by the ER-2 aircraft at nearly 20-km altitude. Electric field estimates produced by this passive microwave algorithm are then compared to electric field observations also taken by the aircraft to assess its potential future utility with satellite datasets. The algorithm is shown to estimate observed electric field strengths over intense convective clouds at least 71% (58%) of the time over land and 43% (40%) of the time over the ocean to within a factor of 2 from 85-GHz (37 GHz) passive microwave observations. Electric fields over weaker clouds can be estimated 58% (41%) of the time over land and 22% (8%) of the time over the ocean from 85-GHz (37 GHz) passive microwave observations. The accuracy of these estimates is limited by systematic errors in the observations along with other factors. Despite these sources of error, the algorithm can produce reasonable estimates of electric fields over carefully selected individual electrified clouds that differ from observations by less than 20 V m−1 for clouds that produce 200–400 V m−1 electric fields at 20 km.
Why Do Indian Military Officers Want to Leave? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Jaiswal Rakesh Kumar , Dash Satyabhusan , Mishra Abhishek
Published: June 2015

Armed forces form the lifeblood of any nation, and morale of its officers is the key to effective defense of the country’s borders. Yet, most militaries, and so does Indian, suffer from a relatively high rate of churn of officers that has adverse effects. Turnover is detrimental to any organization, and it is particularly undesirable for armed forces, as it affects unit cohesion and operational preparedness, thus proving to be chronic problem that demands attention. With this aim, we investigate the factors that are instrumental in influencing the propensity of military officers to leave. A survey of 476 Indian military officers, followed by a rigorous empirical analysis, revealed the pay, promotion, and job satisfaction to be the prime perpetrators for the intention of military officers to leave. Our work is a step in the direction of stemming the attrition and improving the retention of officers in the Indian military.
Mammographic Fine Needle Biopsy of Non-Palpable Breast Lesions
Authors: Kehler M. , Albrechtsson U.
Published: June 2015

Results with a previously described device for fine needle biopsies of non-palpable breast lesions are reported. During the past 5 years 182 biopsies were performed and 133 of these yielded diagnostic cell material. In the series, 41 carcinomas were found and fine needle biopsy in all demonstrated malignant or probably malignant cells. In the biopsies evaluated as benign or probably benign, malignancy has not been found during the observation period of 4 to 59 months (mean 21.5 months). The device described is cheap and biopsy is easily performed and, if necessary, repeated in a short time. The diagnostic accuracy is high and carcinomas as small as 3 mm in diameter have been diagnosed.
Effect of Ioxaglate on the Liver and Pancreas following Selective Visceral Angiography in Man
Authors: Nilsson P. E. , Jonsson K.
Published: June 2015

Selective visceral angiography was performed with the ionic, monoacidic, dimeric contrast medium ioxaglate (280 and 320 mg I/ml). Twenty patients with and without disease of the liver and/or pancreas were prospectively and consecutively studied. Changes in the serum activities of ALAT, ASAT, GT, AP, and pancreatic isoamylase and changes in the level of serum bilirubin, prothrombin index and haematocrit were evaluated sequentially before and after angiography. The total volume of contrast medium ranged from 100 to 340 ml per patient and the median dosage was 3.5 ml per kg body weight. There was no statistically significant elevation within the entire group of patients in the measured parameters after angiography when compared with pre-angiographic values. No clinically important toxic effect on the liver or pancreas induced by the contrast medium was found.
Ultrasonic Appearance of Adenomatous and Hyperplastic Parathyroid Glands
Authors: Rastad J. , Fransson A. , Lindgren P. G. , Johansson H. , Ljunghall S. , Malmaeus J. , Åkerström G.
Published: June 2015

An investigation was made of the sonographic and histopathologic characteristics of 27 parathyroid adenomas and 11 primary and secondary hyperplastic parathyroid glands demonstrated by ultrasound before surgical confirmation. All the hyperplastic glands and 21 of the adenomas had a homogeneously sonolucent interior structure and a smooth periphery. The adenomas and hyperplastic glands were sonographically indistinguishable except for 5 large adenomas which had areas of varying echodensity and an irregularly nodulated periphery. The ultrasonically inhomogeneous adenomas were histopathologically more heterogeneous with asymmetric, nodular enlargement. One patient had a cystic adenoma. The results are discussed in relation to the ultrasonic appearance of thyroid noduli and lymph nodes being the main source of errors in parathyroid ultrasonography.
Comparison of 99Tcm Lymphoscintigraphy and Lymphangiography in Patients with Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Taaning E. , Holten I. , Specht L. , Jørgensen J.
Published: June 2015

Comparison of abdominal lymphoscintigraphy with 99Tcm microcolloid and conventional lymphangiography in 38 patients with malignant lymphomas showed 62 per cent agreement when the results were classified as normal, doubtful and abnormal. The present scintigraphic method seems to be sufficiently safe and accurate as a screening test, without significant side effects and associated with little patient discomfort.
Detection of Myocardial Infarction in Dogs by Contrast Enhanced Sequential CT Scans
Authors: Feinberg D. A. , Palmer R. , Perez-Mendez V. , Carlsson E.
Published: June 2015

Surgically induced myocardial infarcts were studied in ten dogs by contrast enhanced computer transmission tomography at several stages of the infarct evolution. The hearts were scanned sequentially at 3.4 second intervals during intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium and every five minutes following the completion of a ten minute contrast medium infusion. Cardiac borders including those of the infarctions were defined by computer graphic techniques. Data from several consecutive scans were combined into one image; the ventricular chamber boundaries and those of the epicardium were reconstructed from images taken during the bolus injection. Images taken during the contrast medium washout phase were used for infarct area determination. A statistical definition of the boundary between normal tissue and infarcted myocardium was obtained which correlated well with autopsy measurements. Image analysis as described here may serve as a basis for infarct volume estimates as well as differentiation between acute and chronic infarctions.
Interobserver Variation in the Radiographic Diagnosis of Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Gjørup T. , Nielsen H. , Jensen L. Bording , Jensen A. Mørup
Published: June 2015

A total of 156 double contrast barium examinations were independently interpreted by two observers for the presence of gastric ulcer. The observed agreement between the two readings was 93 per cent, and after adjusting for the expected chance agreement a kappa value of 0.73 was obtained. At the first reading 4 ulcers, and at the second reading 8 ulcers were interpreted as malignant. None of these interpretations agreed. In a questionnaire study it was demonstrated that gastroenterologists had a realistic impression of the level of agreement in the radiographic detection of gastric ulcer.
Ioxaglate versus Diatrizoate in Selective Pulmonary Angiography
Authors: Kumazaki T.
Published: June 2015

In selective pulmonary angiography, a low osmolality contrast medium, ioxaglate, was compared with diatrizoate from the aspects of subjective discomfort and angiographic information. A cross-over analysis was done in 40 cases. The intensity of local heat sensation during and after the injection of ioxaglate was significantly lower than with diatrizoate. With ioxaglate, no cough was experienced even in patients with subtotal atelectasis or massive pleurisy. The quality of the arterial phase was essentially identical, with both media, while in the venous ioxaglate series the quality was significantly superior to that of diatrizoate.
Angiographic Evaluation of Scintigraphic Abnormalities in Screening for Pulmonary Embolism after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Arborelius M. , Fredin H. , Nyman U. , Hellekant C.
Published: June 2015

Among 240 consecutive patients subjected to total hip replacement, 206 underwent perfusion scintigraphy in screening for pulmonary embolism 10 to 14 days after surgery. All patients with perfusion abnormalities (n=77) also underwent ventilation scintigraphy with a dry 99Tcm microaerosol. The scintigraphic abnormalities were classified according to a detailed coding system and in 50 patients pulmonary angiography was performed within 24 hours for correlation. Emboli were diagnosed in 19 patients at angiography. All patients with ventilated segmental (n=6) or larger (n=5) perfusion defects or multiple subsegmental defects larger than half a segment (n=2) had emboli. Two of 8 patients with abnormally ventilated subsegmental perfusion defects larger than half a segment had emboli. Four of 21 patients with wedge-shaped subsegmental perfusion defects smaller than half a segment or defects with a rounded border towards the hilum and a peripheral extension equal to or less than that of a segment had emboli. In one of them the site of the emboli correlated to the site of the perfusion defect but occurred in normally perfused areas in the remaining 3. Ventilation scintigraphy was of no value in this group of patients. No emboli were found in patients who had areas with decreased but not totally lost perfusion (n=8). No emboli were diagnosed in 27 lungs with a normal perfusion.
A Method for Control of the Target at Aspiration Biopsy of Non-Palpable Breast Lesions
Authors: Novak R.
Published: June 2015

A method for two-dimensional localization of non-palpable lesions in the breast has been evolved. Even if the depth of a lesion is unknown a good idea of it can be gained from a craniocaudal and a lateral projection. For biopsy, a light intersection guides the biopsy needle during its insertion. Deviation of the needle due to the bevelled surface of the needle tip can be avoided by rotation of the needle. Immediately following the aspiration biopsy, a small amount of contrast medium is injected through the biopsy needle. Marking the depth by means of a contrast medium makes it possible to control the biopsy site in all three dimensions. The flattening and spreading of the breast tissues occurring during compression of the breast may influence the position of a lesion. The flattening can be demonstrated in a cyst. The present report refers to a series of 108 consecutive aspiration biopsies. Diagnostic material was obtained in 92.6 per cent of the cases.
Subarachnoid Administration of Iohexol in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Drobeck H. P. , Mayes B. A. , Barbolt T. A. , Fabian R. J. , Kimball J. P. , Slighter R. R.
Published: June 2015

A non-ionic diagnostic medium, iohexol, was administered by subarachnoid injection to groups of six cynomolgus monkeys and compared with the vehicle, physiologically normal saline, and/or saline of equal osmolality to determine its potential for increasing total protein and leucocyte levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Also investigated was the effect of repeated spinal taps not subsequently followed by the intrathecal injection of test or control articles. In the monkey, unlike man, low-level leucocyte counts were consistently observed following initial withdrawal of spinal fluid. Elevated leucocyte and total protein levels were observed in the present investigations one day to a week after intrathecal injection of radiopaque, vehicle or saline solution. Total protein returned to normal levels earlier than did leucocyte counts. However, repeated needle puncture alone was found to be sufficient to cause an elevation of leucocytes 3 to 4 times the baseline level, while inflammatory effects were observed histologically only when autopsy was performed soon after the final spinal tap.

References
Torsion of a Wandering Spleen in an Infant
Authors: Smevik B. , Monclair T.
Published: June 2015

A case of torsion of the wandering spleen in an infant is presented. The value and limitations of various imaging modalities in making a correct preoperative diagnosis are discussed and a brief review of the literature is given.

The spleen is said to be wandering when its pedicle allows the viscus to be located in another part of the abdomen than the left upper quadrant (1). The condition is rare, especially in children (1, 4), and it is usually asymptomatic until torsion occurs.
Radiologic Diagnosis of Liver Metastases in Colo-Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Lundstedt C. , Ekberg H. , Hederström E. , Stridbeck H. , Torfason B. , Tranberg K.-G.
Published: June 2015

To evaluate the accuracy of radiologic methods in liver metastases from colo-rectal carcinoma, a prospective investigation of 71 patients was performed. These patients were examined by angiography, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The primary aim of the investigation was to determine the accuracy of CTA. The results of these examinations were then compared with the results from inspection and palpation of the liver at laparotomy. An analysis of liver tumor distribution, as well as a lesion-by-lesion analysis, was performed. In 20 patients, tumor growth was found in the liver in 36 lobes/segments at laparotomy. Three patients called false positives (angiography 2, US, CT and CTA 3 patients) turned out to be true positives since the lesions were overlooked at operation. The changes in sensitivity obtained when these patients are considered are given in parentheses. Of the lobes/segments affected by tumor growth at surgery, angiography revealed 47 (48) per cent, US 69 (71) per cent, CT 80 (82) per cent and CTA 83 (84) per cent. At a lesion-by-lesion analysis, angiography showed 33 per cent, US 69 per cent, CT 61 per cent and CTA 76 per cent of the lesions. Because of a larger number of false positives recorded with CTA compared with CT the former examination is not suitable as a single method for evaluating resectability of liver metastases.
Does Cerebral Angiography of Cadaveric Kidney Donors Interfere with Graft Function?
Authors: Weibull H. , Cederholm C. , Almén T. , Bergqvist D. , Takolander R. , Husberg B.
Published: June 2015

Cerebral angiography is used to diagnose brain death of cadaver kidney donors. Clinical and animal data suggest that angiographic contrast media may potentiate the noxious effect of renal ischemia. In order to find out if cerebral angiography of cadaveric kidney donors prior to nephrectomy interferes with function or survival of the renal grafts, two groups of cadaveric donors were compared. One group had been exposed to contrast medium from cerebral angiography in median 18 hours before nephrectomy and the other had not. There was no difference in graft survival and function between the two groups. In a previous investigation angiography was performed two hours before explantation and in that investigation there was a shorter graft survival in the angiography group than in a control group. A delay of 12 hours is suggested between cerebral angiography and explantation, to decrease the combined harmful effects of contrast media and ischemia on renal grafts.
Effects of Metrizoate and Iohexol on the Liver at Visceral Angiography
Authors: Billström Å. , Hietala S.-O. , Wirell S.
Published: June 2015

Hepatic angiography was performed in a double-blind two-group study in 60 patients using iohexol 350 mg I/ml and ***metrizoate 350 mg I/ml. A slight increase in serum values of hepatic enzymes was found when metrizoate was used, particularly in patients with impaired liver function. Iohexol gave considerably less pain and sensation of heat than did metrizoate. A non-expected significant increase of creatine kinase was recorded when iohexol was used. The reason for this is not yet known.
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasonography in Hydatid Disease in Abdomen and Chest
Authors: Pant C. S. , Gupta R. K.
Published: June 2015

A prospective diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made in 90 cases involving abdomen and chest. It was based on the various sonographic signs of hydatid disease described in the literature. Surgery was performed in 60 patients while 30 were lost to follow-up. The diagnosis was confirmed in 55 patients while it was false positive in 5. The liver was the most common organ involved, followed by chest, kidney, peritoneum, spleen and retroperitoneum. Separation of the membrane from the wall, multiple daughter cysts, and collapsed cysts, were found to be diagnostic of hydatid disease. It is stressed that certain signs are specific for hydatid disease and thus do not cause any differential diagnostic problems.
Internal Diameter of the Common Femoral Artery in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Christensen T. , Neubauer B.
Published: June 2015

By means of an ultrasonographic technique the systolic and diastolic diameters of the common femoral artery were investigated in a group of 50 young insulin-dependent diabetics selected as being free from late diabetic complications and atherosclerotic involvement. After correction for normal physiologic variations there was no correlation of arterial diameters to duration of diabetes and no statistical difference in relation to a control group. It is known that there is a progressive increase of the arterial wall thickness in medium-sized arteries in diabetes. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a corresponding dilatation of the arteries. The reasons for this dilatation are discussed from a biophysical point of view. Furthermore, it is concluded that the increased arterial wall stiffness caused by an increasing elastic modulus and thickness reflects the earliest changes in the diabetic macroangiopathy. Occlusions and narrowing seem only to exist in patients with severe late diabetic complications.
Radiologic Diagnosis in Traumatic Rupture of the Right Diaphragm
Authors: Nilsson P. E. , Aspelin P. , Ekberg O. , Senyk J.
Published: June 2015

A case of right-sided diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by sonography and diagnostic pneumoperitoneum. Ultrasonography was of great value by showing a discontinuous, ‘flapping’ ruptured diaphragm. Computed tomography was of no value. It was concluded that when right-sided diaphragmatic rupture is suggested sonographic examination should be performed. If the sonographic examination is non-diagnostic, a pneumoperitoneum should follow.
Reliability of Voiding Colpo-Cysto-Urethrography in Female Urinary Stress Incontinence before and after Treatment
Authors: Klarskov P. , Jepsen P. Vedel , Dorph S.
Published: June 2015

Voiding colpo-cysto-urethrography was performed in 52 consecutive female patients with genuine urinary stress incontinence before treatment and in 50 of the patients after treatment. The patients were randomized to either pelvic floor training or surgery. Surgery included a colposuspension operation in patients with an anterior suspension defect and a vaginal repair in patients with a posterior suspension defect. All pre- and posttreatment examinations were reevaluated blindly by one observer 4 to 6 years later. The pretreatment radiologic reevaluation was in agreement with the original classification in 79 per cent and not in agreement in 21 per cent. Pelvic floor training did not change the degree of suspension defect systematically. The effect of squeezing was significantly improved following pelvic floor training. A colposuspension gave rise to a typical radiologic configuration of the bladder and urethra. A vaginal repair was not detectable radiologically and it did not correct a posterior descent. The degree of descent and the degree of incontinence were not correlated and it was not possible radiologically to distinguish treatment failures from treatment success.
Development of Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies to Iodinated Contrast Media
Authors: Siegle R. L. , McGuire W. L. , Peters J. E.
Published: June 2015

Two independent systems were developed to produce antibodies to diatrizoate. In the rabbit model polyclonal antibodies were produced that showed cross-reactivity to certain other contrast agents, analogues and serum proteins. In the mouse model monoclonal antibodies were produced that reacted only with diatrizoate, metrizamide, and ovalbumin. These studies demonstrated the potential antigenicity of contrast medium.
Duplex Sonography of Normal Renal Allografts
Authors: Schwaighofer B. , Kainberger F. , Fruehwald F. , Huebsch P. , Gritzmann N. , Karnel F. , Tscholakoff D.
Published: June 2015

Thirty-five patients with normal renal allografts as well as 10 healthy volunteers with normal native kidneys were examined by duplex sonography. Blood flow measurements were performed in the main renal artery as well as in segmental, interlobar and arcuate arteries. In both groups the normal range of variation in blood flow was defined by using the resistive index (RI). Doppler wave forms and RI of main renal arteries were both similar to those of their branches. In renal allografts as well as in native kidneys the blood flow pattern showed a rapid up-slope in systole followed by a gradual down-slope in early diastole, with a persistent flow throughout diastole. In addition, there was no significant difference in the RI between allografted and native kidneys. The interobserver variability was less than 10 per cent. The mean RI was 0.68 using all data points. Vascular rejection in 11 patients could be discriminated significantly (p<0.001). Duplex sonography is useful in evaluating renal blood flow. This simple and non-invasive technique seems to be useful in long-term follow-up of renal allograft recipients.
Thymic Atrophy and Rebound Enlargement following Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer
Authors: Hendrickx Ph. , Döhring W.
Published: June 2015

Serial thoracic CT scans of 50 consecutive patients with testicular cancer were reviewed. In 30 of them with metastatic disease treated according to the Einhorn Scheme changes in thymic size caused by cytostatic agents were studied. During chemotherapy 78.6 per cent of all patients examined developed thymic atrophy, followed by rebound enlargement that reached its culminating point 13 months after initiation of treatment. After that a slow (approximately 2 years) involution process began, until the initial size or somewhat smaller size was re-achieved. The other 20 patients with no evidence of metastases, and therefore not treated with chemotherapy, showed no changes in thymic size. Rebound thymic enlargement following cytostatic therapy for metastatic testicular cancer should not be mistaken for lymphadenopathy.
Diagnostic Cyst Puncture of Multicystic Kidney in Neonates
Authors: Kullendorff C. M. , Salmonson E. C. , Laurin S.
Published: June 2015

In the neonatal period it is important to differentiate hydronephrosis from cystic disease of the kidney, since treatment of these entities differ. Early surgery in hydronephrosis may be indicated to salvage kidney function. We studied a group of 29 infants with renal cysts or hydronephrosis. In 10 cases some doubt about diagnosis remained after thorough diagnostic imaging. These infants were examined using percutaneous puncture of the kidney to verify the suspected diagnosis of multicystic renal disease. The studies were performed using local anesthesia and sedation. Ultrasonography was used for puncture and contrast medium was injected during fluoroscopy. The cysts communicated in 7 out of 10 cases, and a true renal pelvis was never seen. Irregular tubular structures joining the cysts were identified in 7 cases and seem to be characteristic of the multicystic dysplastic kidney. One instance of the hydronephrotic type of multicystic kidney was found at surgery. Large size of the cysts can make diagnosis difficult. Percutaneous puncture was successful and gave the diagnosis in all cases. No complications ensued.
Pelvic Inclination and Spatial Orientation of the Acetabulum
Authors: Anda S. , Svenningsen S. , Grøntvedt T. , Benum P.
Published: June 2015

In a study of 40 young adults the pelvic inclination measured by a specially constructed inclinometer was found to be the same in the supine and standing positions when related to the horizontal and frontal planes, respectively. Consequently supine CT measurements of the hip are also representative of corresponding standing angles. The variations of the acetabular anteversion and the sector angles on CT of the hips in 5 adult corpses were measured by angulating the gantry in increments of 5° to ±20°. An approximate linear relationship was found for all parameters, the acetabular anteversion varied 0.5° with 1° pelvic rotation, and the sector angles 0.7°. A theoretic mathematical model for the variation of the acetabular anteversion outside the measured range employing a sine curve is introduced.
Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration Cytology of Enlarged Lymph Nodes
Authors: Tikkakoski T. , Siniluoto T. , Ollikainen A. , Päivänsalo M. , Lohela P. , Apaja-Sarkkinen M.
Published: June 2015

Cytological results of US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies of enlarged lymph nodes from 179 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The final diagnoses were benign lymphadenopathy in 90 cases, metastasis in 56, and malignant lymphoma in 33 cases. The material was sufficient for cytological analysis in 174 cases (97.2%). Correct diagnosis of malignant (C IV—V) and benign (C I—II) lymphadenopathy in the whole material was possible in 80 percent of cases. Correct subtyping of lymphoma was possible in 63.6 percent of the cases. There was one (0.6%) false positive (C IV), 6 (8.5%) false negative (C I—II), and 24 (13.8%) suspicious (C III) cytological findings. All but one of the false negative cytological findings were from superficial lymph nodes. No complications occurred. US-guided lymph node aspiration biopsy is safe and accurate in the superficial, anterior mediastinal, abdominal, and retroperitoneal lymphonodal areas. Lymph nodes with a C 0 cytological result should undergo rebiopsy and suspicious (C III) or clinically doubtful cases should be referred for a surgical biopsy.
Osteoid Osteomas of the Hand
Authors: Muren C. , Höglund M. , Engkvist O. , Juhlin L.
Published: June 2015

Osteoid osteoma is infrequently localized to the hand. Initially the lesion causes unspecific symptoms, and the radiographic changes are discrete. Three cases were seen during a period of 5 years. Bone scintigraphy was a useful diagnostic tool, and CT facilitated the identification of the nidus. One of the lesions was a double nidus osteoid osteoma of the scaphoid bone. Only 12 instances of multifocal osteoid osteomas have been reported, none of which was localized to the carpal bones.