bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FABRICAÇÃO DO COMPÓSITO DA LIGA DE ALUMÍNIO AA1100 REFORÇADO COM ALUMINA PROCESSADOS POR MOAGEM DE ALTA ENERGIA
Authors: Lima Kamilla Rayssa Lucas de , Silva Clécio Vicente da , Lira Heronilton Mendes de , Silva Inaldo Amorim da , Carneiro Iskalite de Oliveira , Torquato Jonathan Vinícius Moreira , Silva Luiz Carlos França e , Silva Marcoaurélio Felício da , Junior Moisés Euclides da Silva , Filho Oscar Olimpio de Araujo
Published: December 2024

O estudo analisa o processamento do material compósito de matriz metálica formado pela liga de alumínio AA1100 (matriz) e alumina (reforço), produzido através da técnica de metalurgia do pó (MP), utilizando a rota de compactação uniaxial a frio e sinterização por fase sólida. O processo partirá de pós compósitos fabricados por moagem de alta energia (MAE), serão compactados e sinterizados a uma temperatura de 500°C, fabricando, assim, um sólido denso. Esse estudo busca validar a técnica de fabricação por metalurgia do pó como alternativa na produção da liga científica. Os compósitos sinterizados foram caracterizados através das técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), microscopia ótica (MO) e ensaio de microdureza Vickers (HV). Na caracterização do material fabricado via MP, foi possível identificar pelo ensaio de microscopia ótica (MO) uma porosidade acentuada, baixa densificação e uma microestrutura não homogênea. No ensaio de MEV foi possível observar uma boa dispersão da fase reforço na matriz, bem como, no ensaio de espectroscopia de energia dispersiva foi possível descartar a contaminação do material compósito por outros elementos não constituintes da liga. Já os resultados de microdureza vickers (HV) mostraram valores de microdureza aceitáveis para a liga em estudo, sendo essa superior a microdureza teórica dessa liga sem reforço. A liga reforçada com alumina processada em 1 hora por moagem de alta energia apresentou valores de microdureza superiores em suas seções transversal e longitudinal, quando comparada as ligas com o mesmo percentual de reforço processadas por 2 e 4 horas de MAE.
SINTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS PÓS COMPOSITOS DA LIGA DE ALUMÍNIO AA1100 REFORÇADOS COM ALUMINA PROCESSADOS POR MOAGEM DE ALTA ENERGIA
Authors: Lima Kamilla Rayssa Lucas de , Pereira Carlos Alberto Cavalcanti Silva , Silva Clécio Vicente da , Lira Heronilton Mendes de , Silva Inaldo Amorim da , Carneiro Iskalite de Oliveira , Silva João Lucas Araújo da , Torquato Jonathan Vinícius Moreira , Junior Moisés Euclides da Silva , Filho Oscar Olimpio de Araujo
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo analisa o processamento de pós compósitos de ligas de alumínio (AA1100) reforçadas com alumina (Al₂O₃) por metalurgia do pó (MP). Foram investigadas duas ligas de Al: uma com 1% de Al₂O₃ e outra com 2% de Al₂O₃, adicionando-se 2% de PCA. Os pós da matriz (AA1100) e do reforço (Al₂O₃) foram pesados segundo a composição definida e submetidos à moagem de alta energia (MAE) por 1, 2 e 4 horas. A caracterização incluiu análise de tamanho de partícula (ATP), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS) e difração de raios X (DRX). Observou-se que, nos pós reforçados com 2% de Al₂O₃, o aumento do tempo de processamento reduziu o tamanho das partículas. Já nos pós com 1% de Al₂O₃, após 4 horas, houve aumento do tamanho médio das partículas, resultado da frequência de soldagem superar a frequência de fratura. O tamanho mediano de partícula (D50) mais satisfatório foi atingido nos pós submetidos a 2 horas de MAE. Além disso, a morfologia apresentou-se irregular e achatada, típica do processo de moagem de alta energia. O EDS constatou boa incorporação do reforço na matriz e ausência de contaminantes, enquanto a DRX evidenciou apenas picos da fase de alumínio, já que as quantidades de reforço eram inferiores a 5%, não sendo suficientes para produzir picos adicionais no espectro de difração.
METODOLOGIA ATIVAS DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM APLICADAS A PROFISSIONAIS DA ENFERMAGEM COMO PONTE PARA A ACREDITAÇÃO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Baptista Juliana Ávila , Oliveira Delany da Silva , Medeiros Guilherme Paim , Netto Jessica Monteiro Oliveira , Gentilini Mozara Mota , Lermen Gustavo Haas
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Descrever uma atividade direcionada à educação continuada de profissionais da enfermagem, como preparação para o processo de acreditação hospitalar; utilizando-se metodologias ativas de ensino aprendizagem, juntamente ao método lúdico de ensino. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, realizado em um hospital universitário do sul do país. Resultados: A atividade realizada teve boa aceitação na equipe de enfermagem, proporcionando momentos de revisão e atualização dos conhecimentos. Emergiram discussões produtivas acerca das metas internacionais de segurança do paciente. Entende-se que o objetivo da atividade foi alcançado, uma vez que houve aprovação com 98% de conformidade no processo de avaliação de qualidade realizado na instituição, com vistas à acreditação hospitalar. Conclusão: As metodologias ativas de ensino aprendizagem, associadas ao ensino lúdico, trouxeram leveza à missão de transmitir e absorver conhecimento, facilitam a visualização de situações e ações a serem ensinadas, de forma horizontal, não impositiva, participativa e motivadora.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VITAMIN D IN THE FORM OF 25(OH)D3 IN FEEDING PIGS OF DIFFERENT AGE AND SEX GROUPS
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, PLESHKOV V.A. , BARKOV D.A. ,   Doronichi Agrofirm JSC, OSIPOV I.V. ,   DSM Nutritional Products Russia, Animal Nutritional & Health, KOLMAGOROV V.E. ,   DSM Nutritional Products Russia, Animal Nutritional & Health, AFLYATUNOV D.O. ,   DSM Nutritional Products Russia, Animal Nutritional & Health
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of studying the effect of the feed additive ROVIMIX® Hy-D containing 25(OH)D3 in the diets of pigs of different age and sex groups.
The research was conducted in the conditions of a pig-breeding enterprise in the Kirov region during 2023–2024. The feed additive ROVIMIX® Hy-D was introduced into the formulations for repair pigs, pregnant and lactating sows in the amount of 100 g per 1.0 ton of compound feed, which provides a content of 25(OH)D3 in an amount equivalent to 2000 IU of vitamin D based on the finished feed.
A significant difference in serum levels of 25(OH)D3 (ng/ml) was found in all assessed age and sex groups. In the group of repair young animals, the indicators differed by 187.5% or 38.84 ng/ml (P<0.001); pregnant sows by 342.49% or 78.02 ng/ml (P<0.01); and in the fattening group, the difference was 69.82% or 13.65 ng/ml (P<0.01).
The use of ROVIMIX® Hy-D made it possible to reduce the culling of queens for reasons of limb disease by 43.7% and improve maternal qualities by 25%. The improvement of these parameters allowed us to shift the focus to culling aged animals by 4% and low-yielding animals by 8%.
The calculations of economic indicators obtained during the study represent the expediency of including the drug ROVIMIX® Hy-D in the diets of pigs of various age and sex groups. The net profit per 1 sow per year (2.4 farrowing) is 1,745.75 rubles.
FEED ADDITIVES WITH ACIDIFYING EFFECT IN THE DIETS OF WEANING PIGLETS UNDER CONDITIONS OF THERMAL STRESS
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Mil Production, ABRAMOV S.V. , GORLOV I.F. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Mil Production; Volgograd State Agricultural University, SLOZHENKINA M.I. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Mil Production, MOSOLOV A.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Mil Production, STARODUBOVA Yu.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Mil Production, KHOROSHEVSKAYA L.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Mil Production
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of research on the use of new biologically active feed additives with an acidifying effect in the diets of weaning piglets. In production conditions, the expediency of using feed additives with an acidifying effect of Russian origin on a par with feed additives from imported manufacturers in feed for weaning piglets, especially in conditions of additional stress for the piglets' body, in conditions of elevated temperatures, has been confirmed.
The studied feed additive with an acidifying effect based on organic acids showed positive qualities the experiment, it showed positive qualities in terms of effects on the piglets' body, proved to be safe, convenient to use in terms of ease of mixing with the base, and its use in the diet during the experiments did not cause any side effects and complications for weaning piglets, which makes the studied feed additive valuable for the industrial pig industry.
GENETIC ISOLATION AND IDENTITY IN PIGS OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN POPULATIONS
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after academy member L.K. Ernst, BELOUS A.A. , ABDELMANOVA A.S. ,   Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after academy member L.K. Ernst, KHARZINOVA V.R. ,   Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after academy member L.K. Ernst, ZINOVYEVA N.A. ,   Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after academy member L.K. Ernst
Published: December 2024

Understanding the genetic uniformity of farm animal breeds is necessary to establish the historical aspects of their formation. In this regard, we took three contrasting breeds – local Russian Liven breed, Chinese Sutai breed and Large White pig breed. The calculation of genetic differentiation by the statistical method FST breeds in pairs with each other was carried out, functionally significant genes were identified and their biological annotation was analyzed.
Does Increased Cortical Screw Adhesion on the Far Cortex Result in Higher Resistance against Pull-Out?
Authors: Güran Ortaç , Gencer Batuhan
Published: December 2024

Aim: Cortical screws exert compression on the fracture line by applying pressure to the surrounding cortex, while the screw moves within the bone structure through the threads as a result of cyclic movement. To achieve this compression, the cortical screw threads must adhere to the far cortex. The aim of this biomechanical study was to biomechanically evaluate the effect of varying degrees of contact with the far cortex on the resistance against pull-out and to determine the ideal amount of cortical adhesion.
Material and Method: A biomechanical study was conducted on the diaphyseal portions of 12 synthetic femur bones without the formation of any fracture models. The synthetic bones were initially divided into three groups, as follows: partial contact with the far cortex, full contact with the far cortex, and passed through the far cortex. The prepared models were subjected to testing, and after the bone was affixed within the compression device, the head of the screw on the bone was grasped with the aid of a tool, and a tensile force was applied to the cortical screw head until pull-out (load to failure).
Results: A significant difference was observed when the pull-out strengths were compared between groups (p=0.021). Post-hoc analyses revealed that this statistical difference was due to the group in which at least three threads passed through the far cortex.
Conclusion: When choosing the cortical screw length, a stronger pull-out resistance can be expected with a longer cortical screw length and passing the distal end through the far cortex. However, this should be decided taking into account the characteristics of the anatomical region to be treated, the nearby neurovascular structures, and the risk of tendon-soft tissue irritation.
Recycling Plastic Waste into Eco-Friendly Concrete: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Ahmed Kawa A. , Abdulqudos Amad Nori
Published: December 2024

The world plastic waste crisis and the tremendous environmental impacts of concrete production using traditional methods require waste management and building practices to be innovative marriages. This review critically examines the recovery of plastic waste in concrete, concentrating on its twin potential to help stem plastic contamination and build the construction industry lower in carbon emissions. The method utilizes many different forms of waste plastics, including Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), to produce a concrete mixture that brings great environmental benefits: It can keep plastic out of landfills and our oceans, and it reduces the greenhouse gases released during cement production. The review examines advances in the development of plastic-modified concrete: These improvements include enhanced mechanical properties such as increased durability, thermal insulation, and lower material density. It also examines environmental trade-offs including potential long-term effects and problems in recycling plastic-enhanced concrete. In addition, the paper identifies technical hurdles such as maintaining material strength and workability; it concludes with regulatory obstacles to the large-scale adoption of plastic-enhanced concrete. The paper uses a detailed analysis of case studies and actual practices to examine the practical feasibility of this new material in a variety of construction contexts. It ends with strategic recommendations for future research and policy development, stressing the need to establish regulations and standard frameworks to encourage the use of plastic-enhanced concrete. Ultimately, this review advocates for the larger acceptance of plastic-laden concrete as one piece in the puzzle of sustainable construction: one way to tackle a spiraling global plastic waste crisis that also meets broader environmental goals.
Diversity in Hydrogen-rich Envelope Mass of Type II Supernovae. I. Plateau Phase Light-curve Modeling
Authors: Fang Qiliang , Maeda Keiichi , Ye Haonan , Moriya Takashi J. , Matsumoto Tatsuya
Published: December 2024

We present a systematic study of Type II supernovae (SNe II) originating from progenitors with effective temperatures (T
eff) and luminosities closely resembling red supergiants (RSGs) observed in pre-supernova (SN) images and in the Galaxy. Using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, we compute a large grid of massive stars with T
eff ranging from 3200 to 3800 K at their RSG phases, with hydrogen envelopes artificially stripped to varying extents (3–10 M
⊙). The light curves of SNe IIP resulting from the explosions of these Galactic-RSG–like progenitors are modeled using STELLA. Our survey of the light curves reveals that partial stripping of the hydrogen envelope creates diversity in the magnitude and duration of SNe IIP light curves, without affecting the position of the RSG progenitor on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. For these Galactic-RSG-like progenitor models, we establish an indicator based on the light-curve properties to estimate the hydrogen envelope mass. Additionally, we discuss the effects of material mixing and 56Ni heating. Applying our model grid to a large sample of approximately 100 observed SNe IIP reveals a considerably broader range of hydrogen-rich envelope masses than predicted by standard stellar wind models. This finding suggests that if SNe IIP are explosions of Galactic-like RSGs to explain the diversity in the observed light curves, a significant fraction of them must have experienced substantial mass loss beyond the standard mass-loss prescription prior to their explosions. This finding highlights the uncertainties involved in massive star evolution and the pre-SN mass-loss mechanism.
Bar Formation and Destruction in the FIRE-2 Simulations
Authors: Ansar Sioree , Pearson Sarah , Sanderson Robyn E. , Arora Arpit , Hopkins Philip F. , Wetzel Andrew , Cunningham Emily C. , Quinn Jamie
Published: December 2024

The physical mechanisms responsible for bar formation and destruction in galaxies remain a subject of debate. While we have gained valuable insight into how bars form and evolve from isolated idealized simulations, in the cosmological domain, galactic bars evolve in complex environments, with mergers and gas accretion events occurring in the presence of the turbulent interstellar medium with multiple star formation episodes, in addition to coupling with their host galaxies’ dark matter halos. We investigate the bar formation in 13 Milky Way–mass galaxies from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE-2) cosmological zoom-in simulations. 8 of the 13 simulated galaxies form bars at some point during their history: three from tidal interactions and five from internal evolution of the disk. The bars in FIRE-2 are generally shorter than the corotation radius (mean bar radius ∼1.53 kpc), have a wide range of pattern speeds (36–97 km s−1 kpc−1), and live for a wide range of dynamical times (2–160 bar rotations). We find that the bar formation in FIRE-2 galaxies is influenced by satellite interactions and the stellar-to-dark-matter mass ratio in the inner galaxy, but neither is a sufficient condition for bar formation. Bar formation is more likely to occur, with the bars formed being stronger and longer-lived, if the disks are kinematically cold; galaxies with high central gas fractions and/or vigorous star formation, on the other hand, tend to form weaker bars. In the case of the FIRE-2 galaxies, these properties combine to produce ellipsoidal bars with strengths A
2/A
0 ∼ 0.1–0.2.
Diffusion-HMC: Parameter Inference with Diffusion-model-driven Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Mudur Nayantara , Cuesta-Lazaro Carolina , Finkbeiner Douglas P.
Published: December 2024

Diffusion generative models have excelled at diverse image generation and reconstruction tasks across fields. A less explored avenue is their application to discriminative tasks involving regression or classification problems. The cornerstone of modern cosmology is the ability to generate predictions for observed astrophysical fields from theory and constrain physical models from observations using these predictions. This work uses a single diffusion generative model to address these interlinked objectives—as a surrogate model or emulator for cold dark matter density fields conditional on input cosmological parameters, and as a parameter inference model that solves the inverse problem of constraining the cosmological parameters of an input field. The model is able to emulate fields with summary statistics consistent with those of the simulated target distribution. We then leverage the approximate likelihood of the diffusion generative model to derive tight constraints on cosmology by using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method to sample the posterior on cosmological parameters for a given test image. Finally, we demonstrate that this parameter inference approach is more robust to small perturbations of noise to the field than baseline parameter inference networks.
Instabilities along the Axis of the Heliospheric Jets
Authors: Ma Xiaohan , Opher Merav , Kornbleuth Marc , Toth Gabor
Published: December 2024

The heliosphere is influenced by the interaction of neutral hydrogen atoms from the interstellar medium with protons in the heliosheath (HS). The confinement by the solar magnetic field of the HS plasma forms distinct north and south heliospheric jets. Previous global MHD simulations of the heliosphere reveal that instabilities can develop in the heliospheric jets and make them become unstable, giving rise to large-scale turbulence. In this study, we show that there is a low-speed region of solar wind in the HS that provides a precondition for instabilities to develop. The low-speed region is formed due to charge exchange and magnetic tension. This region allows sufficient time for the instabilities to develop and induces a shear flow inside the HS leading to the development of a Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability. The estimated growth timescale of the K-H instability based on the simulation results is around 5–7 yr. Understanding the development of the instabilities in the HS is crucial for comprehending the dynamic processes within the HS and the structure of the heliosphere.
Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Metzger Brian D. , Goldberg Jared A.
Published: December 2024

Some hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernovae (SNeIIP) exhibit evidence of a sustained energy source powering their light curves, resulting in a brighter and/or longer-lasting hydrogen recombination plateau phase. We present a semi-analytic SNIIP light-curve model that accounts for the effects of an arbitrary internal heating source, considering as special cases 56Ni/56Co decay, a central engine (magnetar or accreting compact object), and shock interaction with a dense circumstellar disk. While a sustained internal power source can boost the plateau luminosity commensurate with the magnitude of the power, the duration of the recombination plateau can typically be increased by at most a factor of ∼2–3 compared to the zero-heating case. For a given ejecta mass and initial kinetic energy, the longest plateau duration is achieved for a constant heating rate at the highest magnitude that does not appreciably accelerate the ejecta. This finding has implications for the minimum ejecta mass required to explain particularly long-lasting SNe, such as iPTF14hls, and for confidently identifying rare explosions of the most massive hydrogen-rich (e.g., Population III) stars. We present a number of analytic estimates that elucidate the key features of the detailed model.
Precise Measurements of the LMC Bar’s Geometry with Gaia DR3 and a Novel Solution to Crowding-induced Incompleteness in Star Counting
Authors: Rathore Himansh , Choi Yumi , Olsen Knut A. G. , Besla Gurtina
Published: December 2024

We present new measurements of the 2D geometry of the LMC’s stellar bar with precise astrometric observations of red clump stars in Gaia DR3. We develop a novel solution to tackle crowding-induced incompleteness in Gaia data sets with the Gaia BP-RP color excess. Utilizing the color excess information, we derive a 2D completeness map of the LMC’s disk. We find that incompleteness biases the bar measurements and induces large uncertainties. With the completeness-corrected 2D red clump map, we precisely measure the LMC bar’s properties using Fourier decomposition. The bar radius (semimajor axis) is

R

bar

=

2.13

−
0.04

+
0.03

kpc, and its position angle is 121.°26 ± 0.°21. The bar’s strength as quantified by the Fourier bi-symmetric amplitude is S
bar = 0.27, indicating that the LMC has a significant bar perturbation. We find the bar has an axis ratio of 0.54 ± 0.03, and is offset with respect to the center of the outer disk isophote at R ≈ 5 kpc by 0.76 ± 0.01 kpc. These LMC bar properties agree with a hydrodynamic model where the SMC has undergone a recent direct collision with the LMC. We compare the LMC’s bar properties with other barred galaxies in the local Universe, and discover that the LMC is similar to other barred galaxies in terms of bar-galaxy scaling relations. We discuss how our completeness correction framework can be applied to other systems in the Local Group.
Radial Velocity and Astrometric Evidence for a Close Companion to Betelgeuse
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Blunt Sarah , De Rosa Robert J. , Dupree Andrea K. , Granzer Thomas , Harper Graham M. , Huang Caroline D. , Leiner Emily M. , Loeb Abraham , Nielsen Eric L. , Strassmeier Klaus G. , Wang Jason J. , Weber Michael
Published: December 2024

We examine a century of radial velocity, visual magnitude, and astrometric observations of the nearest red supergiant, Betelgeuse, in order to reexamine the century-old assertion that Betelgeuse might be a spectroscopic binary. These data reveal Betelgeuse varying stochastically over years and decades due to its boiling, convective envelope, periodically with a 5.78 yr long secondary period (LSP), and quasiperiodically from pulsations with periods of several hundred days. We show that the LSP is consistent between astrometric and radial velocity data sets, and argue that it indicates a low-mass companion to Betelgeuse, less than a solar mass, orbiting in a 2110 day period at a separation of just over twice Betelgeuse’s radius. The companion star would be nearly 20 times less massive and a million times fainter than Betelgeuse, with similar effective temperature, effectively hiding it in plain sight near one of the best-studied stars in the night sky. The astrometric data favor an edge-on binary with orbital plane aligned with Betelgeuse’s measured spin axis. Tidal spin–orbit interaction drains angular momentum from the orbit and spins up Betelgeuse, explaining the spin–orbit alignment and Betelgeuse’s anomalously rapid spin. In the future, the orbit will decay until the companion is swallowed by Betelgeuse in the next 10,000 yr.
Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling of BL Lacertae during a Large Submillimeter Outburst and Low X-Ray Polarization State
Authors: Mondal Ayon , Sar Arijit , Kundu Maitreya , Chatterjee Ritaban , Majumdar Pratik
Published: December 2024

In 2023 October–November, the blazar BL Lacertae underwent a very large-amplitude submillimeter outburst. The usual single-zone leptonic model with the lower-energy peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) fit by the synchrotron emission from one distribution of relativistic electrons in the jet and inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of lower-energy photons from the synchrotron radiation in the jet itself (synchrotron self-Compton or SSC) or those from the broad-line region and torus by the same distribution of electrons cannot satisfactorily fit the broadband SED with simultaneous data at submillimeter, optical, X-ray, and GeV energies. Furthermore, simultaneous observations with IXPE indicate the X-ray polarization is undetected. We consider two different synchrotron components, one for the high flux in the submillimeter wavelengths and another for the data at the optical band, which are supposedly due to two separate distributions of electrons. In that case, the optical emission is dominated by the synchrotron radiation from one electron distribution, while the X-rays are mostly due to SSC process by another, which may result in low polarization fraction due to the IC scattering. We show that such a model can fit the broadband SED satisfactorily as well as explain the low polarization fraction at the X-rays.
Chemical Links between a Young M-type T Tauri Star and Its Substellar Companion: Spectral Analysis and C/O Measurement of DH Tau A
Authors: Hejazi Neda , Xuan Jerry W. , Coria David R. , Sawczynec Erica , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Cristofari Paul I. , Zhang Zhoujian , Rhem Maleah
Published: December 2024

The chemical abundance measurements of host stars and their substellar companions provide a powerful tool to trace the formation mechanism of the planetary systems. We present a detailed high-resolution spectroscopic analysis of a young M-type star, DH Tau A, which is located in the Taurus molecular cloud belonging to the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. This star is host to a low-mass companion, DH Tau b, and both the star and the companion are still in their accreting phase. We apply our technique to measure the abundances of carbon and oxygen using carbon- and oxygen-bearing molecules, such as CO and OH, respectively. We determine a near-solar carbon-to-oxygen abundance ratio of C/O = 0.555 ± 0.063 for the host star DH Tau A. We compare this stellar abundance ratio with that of the companion from our previous study (

C

/

O
=

0.54

−
0.05

+
0.06

), which also has a near-solar value. This confirms the chemical homogeneity in the DH Tau system, which suggests a formation scenario for the companion consistent with a direct and relatively fast gravitational collapse rather than a slow core accretion process.
Analysis of Solar Eruptions Deflecting in the Low Corona: Influence of the Magnetic Environment
Authors: Sahade Abril , Vourlidas Angelos , Mac Cormack Cecilia
Published: December 2024

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can exhibit nonradial evolution. The background magnetic field is considered the main driver for the trajectory deviation relative to the source region. The influence of the magnetic environment has been largely attributed to the gradient of the magnetic pressure. In this work, we propose a new approach for investigating the role of topology on CME deflection and for quantifying and comparing the action between the magnetic field gradient (“gradient” path) and the topology (“topological” path). We investigate eight events simultaneously observed by the Solar Orbiter, STEREO-A, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory; and, with a new tracking technique, we reconstruct the 3D evolution of the eruptions. Then, we compare their propagation with the predictions from the two magnetic drivers. We find that the “topological” path describes the CME actual trajectory much better than the more traditional “gradient path.” Our results strongly indicate that the ambient topology may be the dominant driver for deflections in the low corona, and that this presents a promising method for estimating the direction of propagation of CMEs early in their evolution.
Microlensing Discovery and Characterization Efficiency in the Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Authors: Abrams Natasha S. , Hundertmark Markus P. G. , Khakpash Somayeh , Street Rachel A. , Jones R. Lynne , Lu Jessica R. , Bachelet Etienne , Tsapras Yiannis , Moniez Marc , Blaineau Tristan , Di Stefano Rosanne , Makler Martin , Varela Anibal , Rabus Markus
Published: December 2024

The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time will discover thousands of microlensing events across the Milky Way, allowing for the study of populations of exoplanets, stars, and compact objects. We evaluate numerous survey strategies simulated in the Rubin Operation Simulations to assess the discovery and characterization efficiencies of microlensing events. We have implemented three metrics in the Rubin Metric Analysis Framework: a discovery metric and two characterization metrics, where one estimates how well the light curve is covered and the other quantifies how precisely event parameters can be determined. We also assess the characterizability of microlensing parallax, critical for detection of free-floating black hole lenses. We find that, given Rubin’s baseline cadence, the discovery and characterization efficiency will be higher for longer-duration and larger-parallax events. Microlensing discovery efficiency is dominated by the observing footprint, where more time spent looking at regions of high stellar density, including the Galactic bulge, Galactic plane, and Magellanic Clouds, leads to higher discovery and characterization rates. However, if the observations are stretched over too wide an area, including low-priority areas of the Galactic plane with fewer stars and higher extinction, event characterization suffers by >10%. This could impact exoplanet, binary star, and compact object events alike. We find that some rolling strategies (where Rubin focuses on a fraction of the sky in alternating years) in the Galactic bulge can lead to a 15%–20% decrease in microlensing parallax characterization, so rolling strategies should be chosen carefully to minimize losses.
Time-averaging Polarimetric and Spectral Properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Li Liang , Shakeri Soroush
Published: December 2024

The composition and radiation mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) within jets continue to be hotly debated. Investigating the joint polarimetric and spectral properties is crucial for understanding the composition and radiation mechanism of GRBs. Various jet properties, such as “kinetic-energy-dominated” (KED), “Poynting-flux-dominated” (PFD), and “hybrid-dominated” (HD) relativistic outflows, have been inferred from observed GRB spectra, with expectations of differing polarization levels among them. In this study, we analyzed a sample of 27 GRBs detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the NASA Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, focusing on 26 bursts with significant polarization measurements. Our analysis revealed that 16 bursts (62%) were predominantly associated with the “PFD” jet type, while 10 bursts (38%) were classified as HD, implying that photosphere emission may also be a possible mechanism powering the high levels of polarization. Notably, no bursts were identified as KED type. We found distinct polarization properties, with HD-type bursts exhibiting consistently higher polarization levels than PFD-type bursts. We proposed models incorporating ordered and random magnetic field configurations specific to hybrid jets.
Measuring the Hubble Constant through the Galaxy Pairwise Peculiar Velocity
Authors: Zhang Wangzheng , Chu Ming-chung , Liao Shihong , Yeung Shek , Hu Hui-Jie
Published: December 2024

The Hubble constant H
0, the current expansion rate of the Universe, is one of the most important parameters in cosmology. The cosmic expansion regulates the mutually approaching motion of a pair of celestial objects due to their gravity. Therefore, the mean pairwise peculiar velocity of celestial objects, which quantifies their relative motion, is sensitive to both H
0 and the dimensionless total matter density Ω
m
. Based on this, using the Cosmicflows-4 data, we measured H
0 for the first time via the galaxy pairwise velocity in the nonlinear and quasi-linear range. Our results yield H
0 = 75.5 ± 1.4 km s−1 Mpc−1 and

Ω

m

=
0.31

1

−
0.028

+
0.029

. The uncertainties of H
0 and Ω
m
can be improved to around 0.6% and 2%, respectively, if the statistical errors become negligible in the future.
L’arbre, le réseau et les espèces
Authors: Samadi Sarah , Barberousse Anouk
Published: December 2024

Le but de cet exposé était de clarifier le cadre théorique sous-jacent aux questions concernant les définitions de l’espèce et de la spéciation. Ce cadre inclut la théorie de l’évolution et la description de la structure arborescente du réseau généalogique global représentant toutes les relations de descendance entre tous les organismes de l’histoire de la vie sur Terre (passés, présents et futurs). Cette clarification des bases théoriques des concepts d’espèce et de spéciation permettra d’en proposer des définitions et de discuter des autres définitions proposées dans la littérature scientifique. Une dernière partie portera sur la question des outils permettant de délimiter les espèces en prenant en compte la diversité des modèles de spéciation.
La phylogénie des téléostéens : un chantier des méthodes en systématique
Authors: Davesne Donald , Lecointre Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Les téléostéens représentent 60 % du nombre d’espèces de vertébrés actuels et nombre d’entre eux sont exploités par les humains depuis fort longtemps. Dès 1966, leur classification a été bouleversée par la révolution hennigienne qui naissait en systématique, plusieurs ichtyologistes ayant été des acteurs de celle-ci sur le plan théorique comme sur le plan pratique. Pourtant, les relations entre acanthomorphes, représentant plus de la moitié des téléostéens, restèrent méconnues au-delà de la famille jusque dans la première décennie du XXI e siècle. Cette difficulté ne tenait nullement dans leur anatomie ni dans le tempo de leur évolution, mais relevait davantage de la sociologie de la systématique. Elle tenait en partie du déclin des recrutements en l’anatomie comparée et en systématique durant trois décennies, et en partie à la fragmentation taxonomique des spécialisations anatomiques et systématiques. L’une des solutions pour surmonter ces obstacles réside dans les bases de données d’ontologies phénotypiques (d’homologies).
L’origine des oiseaux, hier et aujourd’hui : petit retour historique sur un changement de paradigme
Authors: de Ricqlès Armand
Published: December 2024

Le vieux problème de l’origine évolutive des oiseaux peut être désormais considéré comme résolu. Cet article passe brièvement en revue le cheminement historique complexe, encombré de contraintes diverses, qui a été parcouru et comment il a conduit à diverses hypothèses qui ont pu être testées par des découvertes ultérieures. Bien qu’une relation de parenté entre Reptiles et Oiseaux ait été reconnue dès le XIX e siècle grâce à l’anatomie comparée, la nature de ces relations est demeurée assez confuse pendant les deux premiers tiers du XX e siècle, au moins. La toute-puissance du concept Linnéen des grandes Classes de vertébrés a jugulé les esprits de telle sorte qu’en dépit de la description d’ Archaeopteryx à partir de 1859 ce fossile a été le plus souvent considéré comme un «  missing link  » entre Classes, moitié reptile, moitié oiseau. Le développement de la connaissance des Dinosaures dès les années 1860-1870 avait bien suggéré qu’ils étaient, parmi les reptiles, les plus étroitement apparentés aux oiseaux mais cette idée fut largement abandonnée à partir des années 1920. Le changement complet d’interprétation sur cette question, intervenu à partir des années 1970 ne résulte pas, curieusement, de nouvelles découvertes sur le terrain (celles-ci ne sont venues qu’après !) mais bien d’une remise en cause radicale des principes et modes de pensée de la systématique, intervenue avec l’analyse phylogénétique (cladistique). À l’heure actuelle, il est clair que les oiseaux sont un groupe de dinosaures théropodes modifiés par diverses adaptations dont celle au vol. On passera brièvement en revue diverses étapes et composantes intervenues dans ce changement de paradigmes.
L’arbre du vivant : classification phylogénétique des Annélides
Authors: Martin Patrick
Published: December 2024

Les Annélides, ou vers segmentés, forment un groupe généralement considéré comme monophylétique, qui est traditionnellement divisé entre les Polychaeta et les Clitellata. Ils sont évolutivement anciens, écologiquement importants et extrêmement diversifiés en termes d’espèces et de plans d’organisation. Pour ces raisons, les Annélides ont toujours constitué l’un des problèmes majeurs dans la résolution de la phylogénie des Métazoaires. La révolution conceptuelle et méthodologique liée à l’analyse cladistique et surtout l’accès, via l’ADN, à une nouvelle classe de caractères ont bouleversé la classification des Annélides au cours des 20 dernières années. Tout récemment, le développement de la phylogénomique a permis, non seulement, de proposer une phylogénie de base stable pour les Annélides mais, également, de résoudre les principaux problèmes liés à ce groupe, tels que la monophylie des Annélides, la composition taxinomique du groupe, le plan d’organisation de l’annélide ancestral, ou la nature mono- ou paraphylétique des Polychètes et des Oligochètes. Ce travail résume les connaissances les plus récentes sur la phylogénie et l’évolution d’un taxon dont l’extraordinaire diversité a peu d’équivalents parmi les Métazoaires.
Un article à mourir de rire ? L’usage de l’humour en soins palliatifs
Authors: Cantin Boris , Massy-Chalverat Marie , Rey Alicia
Published: December 2024

Un article à mourir de rire ? L’usage de l’humour en soins palliatifs – L’usage de l’humour face à la maladie grave et incurable, lorsqu’il est exercé avec tact, est essentiel et largement accepté par la population en situation palliative. De nombreux bénéfices se retrouvent sur les plans relationnels, émotionnels, cognitifs, ainsi que sur la tolérance à la douleur et la qualité de vie. L’humour utilisé dans les différents corps professionnels est en outre un facteur protecteur du burn–out. L’utilisation d’outils tel que le modèle SMILES peut être une aide à son application pratique, qui nécessite des précautions et une sensibilité particulière (choix de la temporalité, de la situation, de l’évaluation clinique et du type d’humour).
Explainable artificial intelligence with fusion-based transfer learning on adverse weather conditions detection using complex data for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Tarmissi Khaled , Abdullah Mengash Hanan , Negm Noha , Said Yahia , Al-Sharafi Ali M.
Published: December 2024

Autonomous vehicles (AVs), particularly self-driving cars, have produced a large amount of interest in artificial intelligence (AI), intelligent transportation, and computer vision. Tracing and detecting numerous targets in real-time, mainly in city arrangements in adversarial environmental conditions, has become a significant challenge for AVs. The effectiveness of vehicle detection has been measured as a crucial stage in intelligent visual surveillance or traffic monitoring. After developing driver assistance and AV methods, adversarial weather conditions have become an essential problem. Nowadays, deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models are critical to enhancing object detection in AVs, particularly in adversarial weather conditions. However, according to statistical learning, conventional AI is fundamental, facing restrictions due to manual feature engineering and restricted flexibility in adaptive environments. This study presents the explainable artificial intelligence with fusion-based transfer learning on adverse weather conditions detection for autonomous vehicles (XAIFTL-AWCDAV) method. The XAIFTL-AWCDAV model's main aim is to detect and classify weather conditions for AVs in challenging scenarios. In the preprocessing stage, the XAIFTL-AWCDAV model utilizes a non-local mean filtering (NLM) method for noise reduction. Besides, the XAIFTL-AWCDAV model performs feature extraction by fusing three models: EfficientNet, SqueezeNet, and MobileNetv2. The denoising autoencoder (DAE) technique is employed to classify adverse weather conditions. Next, the DAE method's hyperparameter selection uses the Levy sooty tern optimization (LSTO) approach. Finally, to ensure the transparency of the model's predictions, XAIFTL-AWCDAV integrates explainable AI (XAI) techniques, utilizing SHAP to visualize and interpret each feature's impact on the model's decision-making process. The efficiency of the XAIFTL-AWCDAV method is validated by comprehensive studies using a benchmark dataset. Numerical results show that the XAIFTL-AWCDAV method obtained a superior value of 98.90% over recent techniques.
Intra-regular semihypergroups characterized by Fermatean fuzzy bi-hyperideals
Authors: Nakkhasen Warud , Jodnok Teerapan , Chinram Ronnason
Published: December 2024

The concept of Fermatean fuzzy sets was introduced by Senapati and Yager in 2019 as a generalization of fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In this article, we apply the notions of Fermatean fuzzy left (resp., right) hyperideals and Fermatean fuzzy (resp., generalized) bi-hyperideals in semihypergroups to characterize intra-regular semihypergroups, such as $ S $ is an intra-regular semihypergroup if and only if $ \mathcal{L}\cap\mathcal{R}\subseteq \mathcal{L}\circ\mathcal{R} $, for every Fermatean fuzzy left hyperideal $ \mathcal{L} $ and Fermatean fuzzy right hyperideal $ \mathcal{R} $ of a semihypergroup $ S $. Moreover, we introduce the concept of Fermatean fuzzy interior hyperideals of semihypergroups and use these properties to describe the class of intra-regular semihypergroups. Next, we demonstrate that Fermatean fuzzy interior hyperideals coincide with Fermatean fuzzy hyperideals in intra-regular semihypergroups. However, in general, Fermatean fuzzy interior hyperideals do not necessarily have to be Fermatean fuzzy hyperideals in semihypergroups. Finally, we discuss some characterizations of semihypergroups when they are both regular and intra-regular by means of different types of Fermatean fuzzy hyperideals in semihypergroups.
Wave Makers: The Drama That Sparked #MeToo in Taiwan
Authors: Xu Yixin
Published: December 2024

Wave Makers, a Netflix original Taiwanese TV series, has not only captivated audiences with its compelling narrative but also sparked the #MeToo movement in Taiwan. The drama, set against the backdrop of a presidential election, intertwines personal and political narratives. This review explores the show’s impact, its unique approach to political storytelling, and its role in promoting social reform through media, illustrating how it encourages victims to speak out and inspire a discussion on gender equality and social justice.
Data Symphony
Authors: Goel Pawan Kumar , Gupta Varun
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the potential of big data and AI in enhancing sustainability practices. It examines the growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development. It reviews existing literature, identifying limitations and highlighting the need for innovative methodologies. A proposed methodology combines advanced data analytics and AI techniques for sustainability applications is presented, detailing research design and implementation steps. Results are presented, analyzed, and discussed, with tables used to illustrate key results and comparisons with prior research. The chapter emphasizes the importance of data-driven approaches in achieving sustainability goals and discusses potential applications across sectors. Future research is suggested to enhance the impact of big data and AI on sustainability initiatives.
Machine Learning Approach to Ensure Rice Nutrition Through Early Diagnosis of Rice Diseases
Authors: Sakhamuri Sridevi , Tatini Narendra Babu , Krishna P. Gopi , Mandadi Ranadheer Reddy , RajaSekhar J. , Gunnam Leenendra Chowdary , Teja Kamurthi Ravi
Published: December 2024

Many diseases affect rice crops and cause significant losses in their yield of rice crops. The early detection of these diseases will be beneficial to farmers. Although there are many techniques for diagnosing diseases of rice plants from images, this study focuses on analyzing some of these techniques. This study analyzes not only traditional machine-learning techniques but also a modern approach using cloud software. The study focuses on mainly four types of diseases – namely Bacterial Blight, Blast, BrownSpot and Tungro. These rice diseases lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolites or proteins, and altered hormone levels. This study implemented the techniques and analyzed the methods through various metrics such as accuracy, f1-score, precision. This study performed a comparative study of the aforementioned methods and attempted to determine whether traditional machine-learning techniques or modern cloud-based techniques work better. With a model accuracy of 100%, the proposed method ensures rice nutrient depletion through early detection of rice diseases.
Silica Fumes, Fal-G as Cement Substitutes in Concrete
Authors: Kaur Ravpreet , Singh Ranjodh , Kumar Ajay
Published: December 2024

The exceptional strength of high performance concrete is attributed to the silica fumes. FAL-G, another cement substitute offers strength with water just like hydraulic polymers. There is no need for an external heat source for the FAL-G reaction, and therefore it produces less greenhouse gas. The dead load on structures is reduced since it is lightweight. Fly ash is required as an additive to make materials with the required strength.With a 0–30% cement removal, cement largely replaces silica fume and FAL-G in this design combination. After 28 days of testing, the FAL-G concrete mix's has an extraordinary high strength. Three samples were tested with varying amounts of silica fume and FAL-G replacement for seven and twenty-eight days. A compression testing apparatus was utilized to evaluate a total of twenty-four cast cubes and twenty-four cylinders.A robust correlation has been found between the various mechanical characteristics mentioned before. The outcomes so produced will enable the utilization of waste materials in concrete in a sustainable manner.