bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional study of pectoralis major muscle and tendon architecture
Authors: Fung Lillia , Wong Brian , Ravichandiran Kajeandra , Agur Anne , Rindlisbacher Tim , Elmaraghy Amr
Published: March 2009

A thorough understanding of the normal structural anatomy of the pectoralis major (PM) is of paramount importance in the planning of PM tendon transfers or repairs following traumatic PM tears. However, there is little consensus regarding the complex musculotendinous architecture of the PM in the anatomic or surgical literature. The purpose of this study is to model and quantify the three‐dimensional architecture of the pectoralis muscle and tendon. Eleven formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens were examined: five (2M/3F) were serially dissected, digitized, and modeled in 3D using Autodesk® Maya®; six (4M/2F) were dissected and photographed. The PM tendon consisted of longer anterior and shorter posterior layers that were continuous inferiorly. The muscle belly consisted of an architecturally uniform clavicular head (CH) and a segmented sternal head (SH) with 6–7 segments. The most inferior SH segment in all specimens was found to fold anteriorly forming a trough that cradled the inferior aspect of the adjacent superior segment. No twisting of either the PM muscle or tendon was noted. Within the CH, the fiber bundle lengths (FBL) were found to increase from superior to inferior, whereas the mean FBLs of SH were greatest in segments 3–5 found centrally. The mean lateral pennation angle was greater in the CH (29.4 ± 6.9°) than in the SH (20.6 ± 2.7°). The application of these findings could form the basis of future studies to optimize surgical planning and functional recovery of repair/reconstruction procedures. Clin. Anat. 22:500–508, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual hydraulic experiments in courseware: 2D virtual circuits and 3D virtual equipments
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Liu Sheng , Ji Ming , Liang Lihua
Published: March 2009

The process of developing two types of virtual hydraulic experiment supporting animations used in courseware are described: (1) schematic diagram‐based 2D virtual hydraulic circuits using Flash, and (2) VRML‐based 3D virtual hydraulic equipments. The effects and students' attitudes on the two approaches are surveyed and analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 315–326, 2011
Using the simultaneous generalized Schur decomposition as a Candecomp/Parafac algorithm for ill‐conditioned data
Authors: Stegeman Alwin
Published: March 2009

The Candecomp/Parafac (CP)method decomposes a three‐way array into a prespecified number R of outer product arrays, by minimizing the sum‐of‐squares of the residual array. The practical use of CP is sometimes complicated by the occurrence of so‐called ‘degenerate’ sequences of solutions, in which several outer product arrays become highly correlated in all three modes and some elements of the outer product arrays become very large in magnitude. It is known that for I× J× 2 arrays, fitting a simultaneous generalized Schur decomposition (SGSD) avoids the problems of ‘degeneracy’ due to the non‐existence of an optimal CP solution. In this paper, we consider the application of the SGSD method also for other array formats, when the array has a best fitting CP decomposition with ill‐conditioned component matrices, in particular such that it resembles the pattern of a ‘degeneracy’. For these cases, we compare the performance of two SGSD algorithms and the alternating least squares (ALS) CP algorithm in a series of numerical experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Abilities of [(C6F5)2BR] (R=NC4H4and NC4H8) Deduced from Experimental and Theoretical Charge‐Density Investigations
Authors: Flierler Ulrike , Leusser Dirk , Ott Holger , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard , Grimme Stefan , Stalke Dietmar
Published: March 2009

Marginal difference, huge impact: The topological analyses of the electron‐density distributions obtained from experiment (see figure) and quantum‐chemical calculations in the two title compounds can consistently explain marginal changes in bonding and rationalize different catalytic abilities

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The electronic structures of the compounds bis(pentafluorophenyl)(N‐pyrrolyl)borane (1) and bis(pentafluorophenyl)(N‐pyrrolidinyl)borane (2) were investigated by low‐temperature high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction experiments and subsequent multipole refinements. Additionally, DFT calculations were performed. The topological analyses of the electron‐density distributions obtained from experiments and from quantum‐chemical calculations are described and discussed. In this paper reasons for the different reactivities of the compounds are provided.
Unprecedented Solvent‐Assisted Reactivity of Hydrido W3CuS4 Cubane Clusters: The Non‐Innocent Behaviour of the Cluster‐Core Unit
Authors: Algarra Andrés G. , Feliz Marta , Fernández‐Trujillo M. Jesús , Llusar Rosa , Safont Vicent S. , Vicent Cristian , Basallote Manuel G.
Published: March 2009

Opening the cluster core: Substitution of the chloride ligand in the novel cationic cluster [W3CuS4H3Cl(dmpe)3]+ (see figure; dmpe=1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) by acetonitrile is promoted by water addition. Kinetic and density functional theory studies lead to a mechanistic proposal in which acetonitrile or water attack causes the opening of the cluster core with dissociation of one of the CuS bonds to accommodate the entering ligand.

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Reaction of the incomplete cuboidal cationic cluster [W3S4H3(dmpe)3]+ (dmpe=1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) with CuI compounds produces rare examples of cationic heterodimetallic hydrido clusters of formula [W3CuClS4H3(dmpe)3]+ ([1]+) and [W3Cu(CH3CN)S4H3(dmpe)3]2+ ([2]2+). An unexpected conversion of [1]+ into [2]2+, which involves substitution of chloride by CH3CN at the copper centre, has been observed in CH3CN/H2O mixtures. Surprisingly, formation of the acetonitrile complex does not occur in neat acetonitrile and requires the presence of water. The kinetics of this reaction has been studied and the results indicate that the process is accelerated when the water concentration increases and is retarded in the presence of added chloride. Computational studies have also been carried out and a mechanism for the substitution reaction is proposed in which attack at the copper centre by acetonitrile or water causes disruption of the cubane‐type core. ESI‐MS experiments support the formation of intermediates with an open‐core cluster structure. This kind of process is unprecedented in the chemistry of M3M′Q4 (M=Mo, W; Q=S, Se) clusters, and allows for the transient appearance of a new coordination site at the M′ site which could explain some aspects of the reactivity and catalytic properties of this kind of clusters.
Torsional Photoisomerization Proceeding Adiabatically Through a Volume‐Conserving Pathway in Uninhibited Fluid Media
Authors: Balomenou Ioanna , Pistolis George
Published: March 2009

Doing the hula twist? A photochemically stimulated inversion of an sp2‐hybridized oxygen atom upon simultaneous rotation of two adjacent bonds may be possible in a pure singlet excited potential energy surface in uninhibited fluid media (see scheme).

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ChemInform Abstract: Novel Powellite‐Based Red‐Emitting Phosphors: CaLa1‐xNbMoO8:xEu3+ for White Light Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Thomas Mariyam , Rao P. Prabhakar , Deepa M. , Chandran M. R. , Koshy Peter
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isothermal Section of the Dy—Fe—Sb Ternary System at 773 K.
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Zong Bo , Yang Xiaomao , Cui Xuehong , Su Kunpeng , Wang Xina , Li Junqin
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regeneration of Lithium Aluminum Hydride.
Authors: Graetz Jason , Wegrzyn James , Reilly James J.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Bastnaesite‐Type LaF[CO3] and Its Thermal Decomposition to LaOF for Bulk and Eu3+‐Doped Samples.
Authors: Janka Oliver , Schleid Thomas
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Theoretical Studies of New Ternary Antimonides β‐LnCoSb3 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm).
Authors: Cai Wei‐Zhao , Wu Li‐Ming , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Ling
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azaarene cis‐Dihydrodiol‐Derived 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands for Asymmetric Allylic Oxidation and Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Sbircea Lenuta , Murphy Deirdre , Belhocine Tayeb , Malone John F. , James Stuart L. , Allen Christopher C. R. , Hamilton John T. G.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Copper(I) Complexes with Wide‐Bite‐Angle Chiral Bisphosphine Ligands: Optimization, Scope, and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Asano Yohsuke , Ito Hajime , Hara Kenji , Sawamura Masaya
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazepine Moiety Controlled Regioselective Rearrangements of 7‐Oxanorbornadiene Derivatives.
Authors: Ding Hanfeng , Zhang Yiping , Yao Weijun , Xu Duanjun , Ma Cheng
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadyl(IV) Acetate: An Efficient, Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Aza‐Michael Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Trivedi Rajiv , Lalitha P. , Roy Sarabindu
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Allylic Amines by One‐Pot Tandem Reaction of Acetylenic Sulfone, Grignard Reagent, and N‐Tosylimine.
Authors: Xie Mei‐hua , Sun Ying , Zhang Wei , Gu Xiao‐xia , Zhao Xin‐yang , Xie Fa‐dong , Wang Shao‐wu
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of 4‐Substituted Cyclohexyl Esters.
Authors: Bercot Eric A. , Caille Seb , Bostick Tracy M. , Ranganathan Krishnakumar , Jensen Randy , Faul Margaret M.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient NaOH‐Catalyzed Reaction of Aromatic Aldehyde, Cyclic Ketones, and Malononitrile under Solvent‐Free Conditions Using a Grinding Method.
Authors: Rong Liangce , Han Hongxia , Jiang Hong , Tu Shujiang
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Route to Synthesize N‐Protected α,α‐Difluorohomoallylic Amines by gem‐Difluoroallylation of α‐Amido Sulfones.
Authors: Xie Zheng‐Feng , Chai Zhuo , Zhao Gang , Wang Ji‐De
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Aryl Transfer Reactions to Aldehydes with Grignard Reagents as the Aryl Source.
Authors: Muramatsu Yusuke , Harada Toshiro
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Gem‐Bisallylated Alcohols Mediated by Zinc—Copper Couple under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ren Heng , Wei Yujuan , Wang Jin‐Xian
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One Single Catalyst, Pd(OAc)2, for two Sequential Very Different Steps: Allylic Alcohol Oxidation—Heck Reaction. Access to Functionalized α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Batt Frederic , Gozzi Christel , Fache Fabienne
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond Formation from Alcohols and Malonate Half Esters Using Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology.
Authors: Pridmore Simon J. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Estimation of Gelation Ability of C3‐Symmetry Tris‐Urea Compounds.
Authors: Yamanaka Masamichi , Nakagawa Tomoe , Aoyama Ryohei , Nakamura Tomohiko
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Chemoenzymatic One‐Pot Syntheses in Aqueous Media: Combination of a Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with an Asymmetric Biotransformation.
Authors: Burda Edyta , Hummel Werner , Groeger Harald
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sila‐Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Activated Aryl Chlorides with Alkynylsilanes.
Authors: Nishihara Yasushi , Inoue Eiji , Okada Yoshiaki , Takagi Kentaro
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of (Thio)phosphonylated Isobenzofurans by Tandem Nucleophilic Addition and Regioselective 5‐exo‐Dig Addition to Carbon—Carbon Triple Bond: Cooperative Effect to 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU).
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Yadan , Cai Lingchao , Miao Zhiwei , Chen Ruyu
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivities in Alkyne Activation: Synthesis of 2‐(Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐1‐yl)furan Derivatives by Au‐Catalyzed Cyclization and Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Lee Su Jin , Lee Ji Ho , Na Yoon Jung
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CeCl3·7H2O‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Oxo‐hexahydroxanthene Derivatives in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Arundhathi K. , Sudhakar K. , Sastry B. S. , Yadav J. S.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Potent and Selective Chiral Inhibitors of PDE5: An Illustration of Pfeiffer′s Rule.
Authors: Bunnage Mark E. , Mathias John P. , Wood Anthony , Miller Duncan , Street Stephen D. A.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth(III)‐Catalyzed Rapid Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinoxalines in Water.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. Subba , Premalatha Kokku , Shankar Kattela Shiva
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Trichloride Mediated Cleavage of Acetonides in the Presence of Acid‐Labile Functional Groups — Enhancing the Synthetic Utility of 1,3‐Dioxolanyl‐Substituted 1,2‐Oxazines.
Authors: Pfrengle Fabian , Dekaris Vjekoslav , Schefzig Luise , Zimmer Reinhold , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One Pot Synthesis of 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐substituted s‐Triazine Derivatives.
Authors: Sathunuru Ramadas , Melendez Victor , Kozar Michael P. , Lin Ai J.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Expanded Alkylphenoxythiadiazole Macroheterocycles.
Authors: Bumbina Natalia V. , Danilova Elena A. , Sharunov Vladimir S. , Filimonov Sergei I. , Abramov Igor G. , Islyaikin Mikhail K.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and New Protocol for the Synthesis of Novel (Z)‐3‐Arylidenebenzothiazepin‐4‐ones Using Baylis—Hillman Derivatives.
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Murugan Gandhi
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Preparation of Silylboranes by Silane Borylation and Their Use in the Catalytic Borylation of Arenes.
Authors: Boebel Timothy A. , Hartwig John F.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Thiophosphinoylation Reaction of 1,2‐Dienes with Diphosphine Disulfides.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichloroisocyanuric Acid—KF as an Efficient Reagent for One‐Pot Synthesis of Dialkylfluorophosphates from Dialkylphosphites.
Authors: Acharya J. , Gupta A. K. , Pardasani Deepak , Dubey D. K. , Kaushik M. P.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Grayanane Diterpenoids from the Barks of Craibiodendron henryi
Authors: Huang Xiang‐zhong , Huang Rong , Du Gang , Yin Yan , Dai Yun , Yu Ming‐qian
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ether‐Linked Sugar by Nucleophilic Opening of Carbohydrate Oxiranes.
Authors: Nishiyama Kazusa , Nakayama Takahiro , Natsugari Hideaki , Takahashi Hideyo
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design at the Atomic Level: Design of Biaryloxazolidinones as Potent Orally Active Antibiotics.
Authors: Johnson Graham , et al. et al.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinazolines as Potent and Highly Selective PDE5 Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Male Erectile Dysfunction.
Authors: Choi Nam Song , et al. et al.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electromagnons in Multiferroic Manganites
Authors: Pimenov A. , Shuvaev A. M. , Mukhin A. A. , Loidl A.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide‐Containing Light‐Emitting Organic—Inorganic Hybrids: A Bet on the Future
Authors: Carlos Luis D. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Bermudez Veronica de Zea , Ribeiro Sidney J. L.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanocages: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Skrabalak Sara E. , Chen Jingyi , Sun Yugang , Lu Xianmao , Au Leslie , Cobley Claire M. , Xia Younan
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycle Formation from Zirconacycles
Authors: Zhou Lishan , Yamanaka Masamichi , Kanno Ken‐ichiro , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Syntheses and Reaction Chemistry of Boron and Silicon Substituted 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Welker Mark E.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Benzoylation
Authors: Geneste Patrick , Finiels Annie
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Fluoroalkylation Methods
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Chacko Sujith
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Reactions on Bifunctional Catalysts
Authors: Guisnet Michel , Guidotti Matteo
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Synthetic Strategies to Spirocyclics
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Deb Ashoke Chandra , Lahiri Kakali , Manivannan Ethirajan
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Metallothionein/Thionein System: An Oxidoreductive Metabolic Zinc Link
Authors: Bell Stephen G. , Vallee Bert L.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Circular Dichroism — A New Tool for the Solution‐State Determination of the Structure and Absolute Configuration of Chiral Natural Product Molecules
Authors: Nafie Laurence A.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast numerical solutions of patient‐specific blood flows in 3D arterial systems
Authors: Mut Fernando , Aubry Romain , Löhner Rainald , Cebral Juan R.
Published: March 2009

The study of hemodynamics in arterial models constructed from patient‐specific medical images requires the solution of the incompressible flow equations in geometries characterized by complex branching tubular structures. The main challenge with this kind of geometries is that the convergence rate of the pressure Poisson solver is dominated by the graph depth of the computational grid. This paper presents a deflated preconditioned conjugate gradients (DPCG) algorithm for accelerating the pressure Poisson solver. A subspace deflation technique is used to approximate the lowest eigenvalues along the tubular domains. This methodology was tested with an idealized cylindrical model and three patient‐specific models of cerebral arteries and aneurysms constructed from medical images. For these cases, the number of iterations decreased by up to a factor of 16, while the total CPU time was reduced by up to 4 times when compared with the standard PCG solver. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of circulating tumor cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Swennenhuis Joost F. , Tibbe Arjan G. J. , Levink Rianne , Sipkema Ronald C. J. , Terstappen Leon W. M. M.
Published: March 2009

Tumor cells in blood of patients with metastatic carcinomas have been associated with poor survival prospects. Further characterization of these cells may provide further insights into the metastatic process. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) were enumerated in 7.5 mL of blood with the CellSearch™ system. After enumeration of Cytokeratin+, CD45−, nucleated cells, the cells are fixed in the cartridge while maintaining their original position. Cartridges were hybridized with FISH probes against the centromeric regions of chromosome 1, 7, 8, and 17. Next fluorescence images of the FISH probes of the previous identified CTC were acquired. Leukocytes surrounding the CTC were used as internal controls. The number of copies of chromosome 1, 7, 8, and 17 could be determined in 118 CTC containing blood samples from 59 metastatic prostate cancer patients. The samples contained a total of 21,751 CTC (mean 184, median 16, SD 650). Chromosome counts were obtained in 61% of the relocated CTC. On an average, these CTC contained 2.8 copies of chromosome 1, 2.7 copies of chromosome 7, 3.1 copies of chromosome 8, and 2.3 copies of chromosome 17. CTC in which no chromosome count was obtained most likely underwent apoptosis indicated by the expression of M30. In 6/59 patients only diploid CTC were detected these samples, however, only contained 1–5 CTC. Heterogeneity in the chromosomal abnormalities was observed between CTC of different patients as well as among CTC of the same patient. Cytogenetic composition of CTC can be reliably assessed after they have been identified by the CellSearch™ system. The majority of CTC in hormone refractory prostate cancer are aneuploid confirming that they indeed are cancer cells. An extensive heterogeneity in the copy number of each of the chromosomes was observed. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Reciprocal regulation of IL‐23 and IL‐12 following co‐activation of Dectin‐1 and TLR signaling pathways
Authors: Dennehy Kevin M. , Willment Janet A. , Williams David L. , Brown Gordon D.
Published: March 2009

Recognition of microbial products by germ‐line‐encoded PRR initiates immune responses, but how PRR mediate specific host responses to infectious agents is poorly understood. We and others have proposed that specificity is achieved by collaborative responses mediated between different PRR. One such example comprises the fungal β‐glucan receptor Dectin‐1, which collaborates with TLR to induce TNF production. We show here that collaborative responses mediated by Dectin‐1 and TLR2 are more extensive than first appreciated, and result in enhanced IL‐23, IL‐6 and IL‐10 production in DC, while down‐regulating IL‐12 relative to the levels produced by TLR ligation alone. Such down‐regulation occurred with multiple MyD88‐coupled TLR, was dependent on signaling through Dectin‐1 and also occurred in macrophages. These findings explain how fungi can induce IL‐23 and IL‐6, while suppressing IL‐12, a combination which has previously been shown to contribute to the development of Th17 responses found during fungal infections. Furthermore, these data reveal how the collaboration of different PRR can tailor specific responses to infectious agents.
Comparative proteomic study of two closely related ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma cell lines using cIEF fractionation and pathway analysis
Authors: Dai Lan , Li Chen , Shedden Kerby A. , Misek David E. , Lubman David M.
Published: March 2009

The proteomic profiles from two distinct ovarian endometrioid tumor‐derived cell lines, (MDAH‐2774 and TOV‐112D) each with different morphological characteristics and genetic mutations, have been studied. Characterization of the differential global protein expression between these two cell lines has important implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. In this comparative proteomic study, extensive fractionation of peptides generated from whole‐cell trypsin digestion was achieved by coupling cIEF in the first‐dimensional separation with capillary LC (RP‐HPLC) in the second dimensional separation. Online analysis was performed using tandem mass spectra acquired by a linear ion trap mass spectrometer from triplicate runs. A total of 1749 and 1955 proteins with protein probability above 0.95 were identified from MDAH‐2774 and TOV‐112D after filtering through Peptide Prophet/Protein Prophet software. Differentially expressed proteins were further investigated by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to reveal the association with important biological functions. Canonical pathway analysis using IPA demonstrates that important signaling pathways are highly associated with one of these two cell lines versus the other, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is found to be significantly predominant in MDAH‐2774 but not in TOV‐112D. Also, protein network analysis using IPA highlights p53 as a central hub relating to other proteins from the connectivity map. These results illustrate the utility of high throughput proteomics methods using large‐scale proteome profiling combined with bioinformatics tools to identify differential signaling pathways, thus contributing to the understanding of mechanisms of deregulation in neoplastic cells.
A proposed metabolic strategy for monitoring disease progression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Greenberg Nicola , Grassano Antonio , Thambisetty Madhav , Lovestone Simon , Legido‐Quigley Cristina
Published: March 2009

A specific, sensitive and essentially non‐invasive assay to diagnose and monitor Alzheimer's disease (AD) would be valuable to both clinicians and medical researchers. The aim of this study was to perform a metabonomic statistical analysis on plasma fingerprints. Objectives were to investigate novel biomarkers indicative of AD, to consider the role of bile acids as AD biomarkers and to consider whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a separate disease from AD. Samples were analysed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–MS and resulting data sets were interpreted using soft‐independent modelling of class analogy statistical analysis methods. PCA models did not show any grouping of subjects by disease state. Partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DS) models yielded class separation for AD. However, as with earlier studies, model validation revealed a predictive power of Q2<0.5 and indicating their unsuitability for predicting disease state. Three bile acids were extracted from the data and quantified, up‐regulation was observed for MCI and AD patients. PLS‐DA did not support MCI being considered as a separate disease from AD with MCI patient metabolic profiles being significantly closer to AD patients than controls. This study suggested that further investigation into the lipid fraction of the metabolome may yield useful biomarkers for AD and metabolomic profiles could be used to predict disease state in a clinical setting.
Microfluidic chips for protein differential expression profiling
Authors: Armenta Jenny M. , Dawoud Abdulilah A. , Lazar Iulia M.
Published: March 2009

Biomarker discovery and screening using novel proteomic technologies is an area that is attracting increased attention in the biomedical community. Early detection of abnormal physiological conditions will be highly beneficial for diagnosing various diseases and increasing survivability rates. Clearly, progress in this area will depend on the development of fast, reliable, and highly sensitive and specific sample bioanalysis methods. Microfluidics has emerged as a technology that could become essential in proteomics research as it enables the integration of all sample preparation, separation, and detection steps, with the added benefit of enhanced sample throughput. The combination of these advantages with the sensitivity and capability of MS detection to deliver precise structural information makes microfluidics‐MS a very competitive technology for biomarker discovery. The integration of LC microchip devices with MS detection, and specifically their applicability to biomarker screening applications in MCF‐7 breast cancer cellular extracts is reported in this manuscript. Loading ∼0.1–1 μg of crude protein extract tryptic digest on the chip has typically resulted in the reliable identification of ∼40–100 proteins. The potential of an LC‐ESI‐MS chip for comparative proteomic analysis of isotopically labeled MCF‐7 breast cancer cell extracts is explored for the first time.
Continuous biomass fractionation process for producing ethanol and low‐molecular‐weight lignin
Authors: Kadam Kiran L. , Chin Chim Y. , Brown Lawrence W.
Published: March 2009

A continuous biomass fractionation process for producing ethanol and low‐molecular‐weight lignin was developed, and its economic feasibility was evaluated. The two‐stage process fractionates biomass into three streams: a solid cellulose stream and two liquid streams containing mostly hemicellulosic sugars and lignin, respectively. Process optimization was conducted using corn stover as feedstock in a continuous pilot‐scale unit, with the goals of efficient hemicellulose and lignin hydrolysis for the countercurrent first and cocurrent second stage, respectively. Countercurrent prehydrolysis in an extruder is a novel feature of the process. Autohydrolysis at 210°C followed by NaOH (0.06 g/g biomass) catalyzed delignification at 220°C was determined to be optimal. Economic feasibility of the process for ethanol production was compared to that of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL; Golden, CO) process. Major differences between the two scenarios are that the PureVision process generates lignin as a sellable output but needs to replace the lost fuel value of the lignin with additional stover. The minimum ethanol selling price, calculated following the NREL protocol, is projected to be lower for the PureVision process ($0.94/gal) than that for the NREL process ($1.07/gal)—the differential depending on lignin selling price—indicating a process with commercial potential. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
PBI Composite and Nanocomposite Membranes for PEMFCs: The Role of the Filler
Authors: Quartarone E. , Mustarelli P. , Carollo A. , Grandi S. , Magistris A. , Gerbaldi and C.
Published: March 2009

In spite of the promising properties as polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, H3PO4‐doped PBI systems need to be further optimised for what concerns the oxidative stability, the mechanical performances and the leaching of acid at temperatures lower than 150 °C. To this aim, the preparation of composite and nanocomposite membranes is of interest. Here, we investigate on the actual role of the filler in determining the physical and chemical properties of the membranes. Three types of SiO2 are compared, namely HiSil™ T700, mesoporous SBA‐15 and an imidazole‐functionalised silica, which differ for morphology, microstructure and chemical nature. Particular attention is devoted to the ability of the filler to reduce the drop of conductivity occurring in consequence of the acid leaching. In the as‐doped systems, the proton transport is remarkably improved by the presence of fillers containing active sites for the proton hopping. In the case of washed membranes the acid retention capability and the permanent proton conductivity are increased by fillers with higher surface area or with higher basicity. In the lights of these results, the imidazole‐derivatised silica seems to be an optimal filler for the preparation of PBI membranes for PEMFCs operating at 120 °C.
Bile salt–phospholipid conjugate ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide as a hepatoprotective agent #
Authors: Chamulitrat Walee , Burhenne Jürgen , Rehlen Tobias , Pathil Anita , Stremmel Wolfgang
Published: March 2009

A decrease of hepatocellular phosphatidylcholine (PC) is associated with hepatic injury, e.g., in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therefore, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of a PC-precursor lipid specifically targeted to the liver. We synthesized the bile acid-phospholipid conjugate ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide (UDCA-LPE), which was designed to target PC to hepatocytes by way of bile-acid transport systems. We synthesized a fluorescently labeled analogue UDCA-6-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl PE (UDCA-NBDPE) for uptake and metabolism studies. Unexpectedly, the majority of UDCA-NBDPE was still intact and not hydrolyzed efficiently in HepG2 cells. For targeting in vivo, NBD fluorescence from UDCA-NBDPE-injected mice was recovered in the liver the most, whereas injection of NBDPE alone resulted in an even distribution in liver, kidneys, and intestine. Cytoprotection by UDCA-LPE was tested in starvation and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) apoptosis models using HepG2 cells. Only the intact UDCA-LPE was able to persistently stimulate growth after 36 to 120-hour starvation, and significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced apoptosis. In both models, LPC, LPE, UDCA, or UDCA added with LPE exhibited weak to no cytoprotection. UDCA-LPE stabilized mitochondrial membranes by lowering mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analyses of phosphorylated Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)α/β revealed that UDCA-LPE activated phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or Akt small interfering (si)RNA consistently inhibited the proproliferative effects of UDCA-LPE during starvation. The TNF-α death-receptor extrinsic pathway involves caspase 8 activation, which is inhibited by cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP); thus, cFLIP siRNA was employed in our studies. cFLIP siRNA was able to reverse the cytoprotective effects of UDCA-LPE during TNF-α-induced apoptosis, and UDCA-LPE concomitantly upregulated protein expression of cFLIPL. Conclusion: UDCA-LPE, which targeted the liver in vivo, elicited potent biological activities in vitro by stimulating hepatocyte growth and by inhibiting TNF-α-induced apoptosis. Thus, UDCA-LPE may be suitable for evaluation of treatment efficacy in NASH. (Hepatology 2009.)
Risk of catastrophic terrorism: an extreme value approach
Authors: Mohtadi Hamid , Murshid Antu Panini
Published: March 2009

This paper models the stochastic behavior of large‐scale terrorism using extreme value methods. We utilize a unique dataset composed of roughly 26,000 observations. These data provide a rich description of domestic and international terrorism between 1968 and 2006. Currently, a credible worst‐case scenario would involve losses of about 5000 to 10,000 lives. Also, the return time for events of such magnitude is shortening every year. Today, the primary threat is from conventional weapons, rather than from chemical, biological and/or radionuclear weapons. However, pronounced tails in the distribution of these incidents suggest that this threat cannot be dismissed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.