bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel role for methyl cysteinate, a cysteine derivative, in cesium accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Adams Eri , Miyazaki Takae , Hayaishi-Satoh Aya , Han Minwoo , Kusano Miyako , Khandelia Himanshu , Saito Kazuki , Shin Ryoung
Published: February 2017

Phytoaccumulation is a technique to extract metals from soil utilising ability of plants. Cesium is a valuable metal while radioactive isotopes of cesium can be hazardous. In order to establish a more efficient phytoaccumulation system, small molecules which promote plants to accumulate cesium were investigated. Through chemical library screening, 14 chemicals were isolated as ‘cesium accumulators’ in Arabidopsis thaliana. Of those, methyl cysteinate, a derivative of cysteine, was found to function within the plant to accumulate externally supplemented cesium. Moreover, metabolite profiling demonstrated that cesium treatment increased cysteine levels in Arabidopsis. The cesium accumulation effect was not observed for other cysteine derivatives or amino acids on the cysteine metabolic pathway tested. Our results suggest that methyl cysteinate, potentially metabolised from cysteine, binds with cesium on the surface of the roots or inside plant cells and improve phytoaccumulation.
Ecosystem Composition Controls the Fate of Rare Earth Elements during Incipient Soil Genesis
Authors: Zaharescu Dragos G. , Burghelea Carmen I. , Dontsova Katerina , Presler Jennifer K. , Maier Raina M. , Huxman Travis , Domanik Kenneth J. , Hunt Edward A. , Amistadi Mary K. , Gaddis Emily E. , Palacios-Menendez Maria A. , Vaquera-Ibarra Maria O. , Chorover Jon
Published: February 2017

The rare earth elements (REE) are increasingly important in a variety of science and economic fields, including (bio)geosciences, paleoecology, astrobiology, and mining. However, REE distribution in early rock-microbe-plant systems has remained elusive. We tested the hypothesis that REE mass-partitioning during incipient weathering of basalt, rhyolite, granite and schist depends on the activity of microbes, vascular plants (Buffalo grass), and arbuscular mycorrhiza. Pore-water element abundances revealed a rapid transition from abiotic to biotic signatures of weathering, the latter associated with smaller aqueous loss and larger plant uptake. Abiotic dissolution was 39% of total denudation in plant-microbes-mycorrhiza treatment. Microbes incremented denudation, particularly in rhyolite, and this resulted in decreased bioavailable solid pools in this rock. Total mobilization (aqueous + uptake) was ten times greater in planted compared to abiotic treatments, REE masses in plant generally exceeding those in water. Larger plants increased bioavailable solid pools, consistent with enhanced soil genesis. Mycorrhiza generally had a positive effect on total mobilization. The main mechanism behind incipient REE weathering was carbonation enhanced by biotic respiration, the denudation patterns being largely dictated by mineralogy. A consistent biotic signature was observed in La:phosphate and mobilization: solid pool ratios, and in the pattern of denudation and uptake.
Impact of Genetic Variation on Human CaMKK2 Regulation by Ca2+-Calmodulin and Multisite Phosphorylation
Authors: O’Brien Matthew T. , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Ling Naomi X. Y. , Langendorf Christopher G. , Hoque Ashfaqul , Dite Toby A. , Means Anthony R. , Kemp Bruce E. , Scott John W.
Published: February 2017

The Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2) is a key regulator of neuronal function and whole-body energy metabolism. Elevated CaMKK2 activity is strongly associated with prostate and hepatic cancers, whereas reduced CaMKK2 activity has been linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disease in humans. Here we report the functional effects of nine rare-variant point mutations that were detected in large-scale human genetic studies and cancer tissues, all of which occur close to two regulatory phosphorylation sites and the catalytic site on human CaMKK2. Four mutations (G87R, R139W, R142W and E268K) cause a marked decrease in Ca2+-independent autonomous activity, however S137L and P138S mutants displayed increased autonomous and Ca2+-CaM stimulated activities. Furthermore, the G87R mutant is defective in Thr85-autophosphorylation dependent autonomous activity, whereas the A329T mutation rendered CaMKK2 virtually insensitive to Ca2+-CaM stimulation. The G87R and R139W mutants behave as dominant-negative inhibitors of CaMKK2 signaling in cells as they block phosphorylation of the downstream substrate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in response to ionomycin. Our study provides insight into functionally disruptive, rare-variant mutations in human CaMKK2, which have the potential to influence risk and burden of disease associated with aberrant CaMKK2 activity in human populations carrying these variants.
Evidence for Critical Role of Lymphocyte Cytosolic Protein 1 in Oral Cancer
Authors: Koide Nao , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Endo-Sakamoto Yosuke , Ishida Sho , Shimizu Toshihiro , Kimura Yasushi , Miyamoto Isao , Yoshimura Shusaku , Shiiba Masashi , Tanzawa Hideki , Uzawa Katsuhiro
Published: February 2017

Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (LCP1), a member of actin-binding protein of the plastin family, has been identified in several malignant tumors of non-hematopoietic sites, such as the colon, prostate, and breast. However, little is known about the roles of LCP1 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). This present study sought to clarify the clinical relevance of LCP1 in OSCCs and investigate possible clinical applications for treating OSCCs by regulating LCP1 expression. We found up-regulation of LCP1in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). We used shRNA models for LCP1 (shLCP1) and enoxacin (ENX), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, as a regulator of LCP1 expression. In addition to the LCP1 knockdown experiments in which shLCP1 cells showed several depressed functions, including cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migratory activities, ENX-treated cells also had attenuated functions. Consistent with our hypothesis from our in vitro data, LCP1-positive OSCC samples were correlated closely with the primary tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. These results suggested that LCP1 is a useful biomarker for determining progression of OSCCs and that ENX might be a new therapeutic agent for treating OSCCs by controlling LCP1 expression.
Storage of passive motion pattern in hippocampal CA1 region depends on CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in a motion sickness rodent model
Authors: Wang Junqin , Liu Jiluo , Pan Leilei , Qi Ruirui , Liu Peng , Zhou Wei , Cai Yiling
Published: February 2017

Sensory mismatch between actual motion information and anticipated sensory patterns (internal model) is the etiology of motion sickness (MS). Some evidence supports that hippocampus might involve the neural storage of the “internal model”. This study established an “internal model” acquisition-retention behavioral model using a repeated habituation rotation training protocol. We tried to identify the hippocampal subregion involved in “internal model” retention using chemical lesion methods. Hippocampal kinases (CaMK, CaMKIV, CREB and ERK1/2) phosphorylation in the target subregion was assayed and the effects of kinase inhibitors (KN93 or U0126) on “internal model” retention were investigated. The activities of potential kinases (CaMKII and CREB) were also examined in otoliths deficithet/hetmice. In habituated rats, CA1 lesion reproduced MS-related behavioral responses on “internal model” retention day. Habituation training increased CaMKII and CREB activity but had no effect on CaMKIV and ERK1/2 activity in the CA1, while inhibition of CaMKII but not ERK1/2 impaired “internal model” retention. Inhet/hetmice, CaMKII and CREB were not activated in the CA1 on the retention day. These results suggested that CaMKII/CREB pathway might potentially contribute to the storage of the “internal model” in the hippocampal CA1 after motion sickness induced by vestibular stimulation.
Rtfc (4931414P19Rik) Regulates in vitro Thyroid Differentiation and in vivo Thyroid Function
Authors: Yu Yang , Liu Chang , Zhang Junxia , Zhang Mimi , Wen Wei , Ruan Xianhui , Li Dapeng , Zhang Shuang , Gao Ming , Chen Lingyi
Published: February 2017

Thyroid is a one of the most important endocrine organs. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying thyroid development and function, as well as thyroid diseases, is beneficial for the clinical treatment of thyroid diseases and tumors. Through genetic linkage analysis and exome sequencing, we previously identified an uncharacterized gene C14orf93 (RTFC, mouse homolog: 4931414P19Rik) as a novel susceptibility gene for familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, and demonstrated its function in promoting thyroid tumor. However, the role of RTFC in thyroid development and function remains unexplored. In this study, we found that knockout of Rtfc compromises the in vitro thyroid differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. In contrast, Rtfc−/− mice are viable and fertile, and the size and the morphology of thyroid are not affected by Rtfc knockout. However, female Rtfc−/− mice, but not male Rtfc−/− mice, display mild hypothyroidism. In summary, our data suggest the roles of Rtfc in in vitro thyroid differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and in vivo thyroid function.
Neuroprotective effects of phytosterol esters against high cholesterol-induced cognitive deficits in aged rat
Authors: Rui Xu , Wenfang Li , Jing Cheng , Meng Chen , Chengcheng Ding , Jiqu Xu , Shuang Rong
Published: February 2017

Accumulating epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed that a high-cholesterol diet is detrimental to cognitive performance in animal models.
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-based DESs as extractants and catalysts for removal of DBT from model oil
Authors: Mao Chunfeng , Zhao Rongxiang , Li Xiuping , Gao Xiaohan
Published: February 2017

The ChCl·1.5CF3O3S DESs is synthesized by stirring at the room temperature. The high efficient desulfurizative system using ChCl·1.5CF3O3S DESs as extractant and catalyst, H2O2 as oxidant with small amount of H2O2 (an O/S molar ratio of 6) and the low temperature (40 °C).
Peptide-templated synthesis of branched MnO2nanowires with improved electrochemical performances
Authors: Du Mingxuan , Bu Yong , Zhou Yan , Zhao Yurong , Wang Shengjie , Xu Hai
Published: February 2017

Self-assembled peptide nanofibers can template the formation of branched MnO2nanowires, which show improved electrochemical properties.
Transport properties of a three-shell icosahedral matryoshka cluster: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Lu , Huang Jing , Wang Weiyi , Li Qunxiang , Yang Jinlong
Published: February 2017

The molecular junction based on three-shell icosahedral matryoshka cluster with huge magnetic moment exhibits robust spin-filtering effect, which highlights it for promising applications in molecular devices.
Early Age at First Sexual Intercourse is Associated with Higher Prevalence of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL)
Authors: Xavier-Júnior José Cândido Caldeira , Dufloth Rozany Mucha , Vale Diama Bhadra , Lima Marcelo Tavares de , Zeferino Luiz Carlos
Published: February 2017

Objective To evaluate the association of age at first sexual intercourse with the results of the cervicovaginal cytology.

Study Design Observational analytical study about the prevalence of altered cervicovaginal cytology results in women aged between 18 and 34 years from a densely populated area in Brazil, during 10 years. The patients were stratified into 2 categories according to their age at first sexual intercourse (13–16 years and 17–24 years).

Results From the total of 2,505,154 exams, 898,921 tests were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Considering women with 4 years or less from the first sexual intercourse as a reference, those with 5 to 9 years and 10 years or more showed a higher prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse (13–16 years) showed higher prevalence ratios for atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and HSIL. The prevalence ratio for HSIL adjusted by age at diagnosis and by age at first sexual intercourse was higher only for women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse.

Conclusions The age of first sexual intercourse could be a variable that might qualify the selection among young women who are really at a higher risk for HSIL.
Effektivität eines sensomotorischen Krafttrainings im Rahmen einer ambulanten pneumologischen Rehabilitation bei COPD-Patienten: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Spielmanns M. , Müller K. , Schott N. , Winkler A. , Polanski H. , Nell C. , Boeselt T. , Koczulla A. , Storre J. , Windisch W. , Magnet F. , Baum K.
Published: February 2017

Ziel der Studie Einen Eckpfeiler der pneumologischen Rehabilitation (PR) von Patienten mit einer chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) stellt das körperliche Training dar. Die Komponenten eines erfolgreichen Trainings sind aber noch nicht abschließend untersucht. Es wurde eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie durchgeführt, um die Effektivität eines sensomotorischen Trainings (SMT) im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Krafttraining (KT) auf den Zugewinn an Leistungsfähigkeit zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methoden 43 COPD-Patienten wurden randomisiert und trainierten entweder in der Interventionsgruppe (SMT = 30 Minuten SMT pro Tag) oder in der Kontrollgruppe (KT = 30 Minuten KT pro Tag). Das SMT wurde als Zirkeltraining mit 5 Stationen durchgeführt. Der primäre Endpunkt war die Differenz zwischen T1 (Beginn der PR) und T2 (Ende der PR) im 5-Times Sit-to-Stand-Test (5-STST) im Intergruppenvergleich. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Intra- und Intergruppenvergleiche zu T1 und T2 im 6-Minuten-Gehtest (6-MWT), COPD-Assessmenttest (CAT), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Hospital-Anxiety-and-Depression Scale (HADS) und der Lungenfunktion.

Ergebnisse Im 5-STST zeigt sich zwischen den Gruppen kein signifikanter Unterschied. Ebenso im 6-MWT, SGRQ, CAT, HADS und in der Lungenfunktion. Im Intragruppenvergleich zwischen T1 und T2 zeigten sich in beiden Gruppen signifikante Unterschiede im 5-STST, 6-MWT, SGRQ, CAT und HADS. Die Unterschiede in der Lungenfunktion waren weder im Inter- noch im Intragruppenvergleich signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Die Verbesserungen der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit bei COPD-Patienten im Rahmen einer PR sind mit einem SMT ebenso gut erreichbar wie mit einem konventionellen Krafttraining. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um den Stellenwert des SMT im Hinblick auf die posturale Kontrolle zu definieren.
Characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation in time-varying magnetized plasma in magnetic window region of reentry blackout mitigation
Authors: Zhou Hui , Li Xiaoping , Xie Kai , Liu Yanming , Yao Bo , Ai Wei
Published: February 2017

The “magnetic window” is considered a promising means to eliminate reentry communication blackout. However, the turbulence of plasma sheath results in phase jitter and amplitude turbulence of electromagnetic (EM) wave and may influence the eliminating effect. Therefore, the effect of fluctuating property of reentry plasma sheath on EM wave propagation when a magnetic field is used for eliminating blackout is investigated. For this purpose, a time-varying electron density model, which includes both temporal variation and spatial turbulence, is proposed. Hybrid matrix method is also employed to investigate the interaction between time-varying magnetized plasma and EM wave. The EM wave transmission coefficients in time-varying magnetized and unmagnetized plasmas are likewise compared. Simulation results show that amplitude variation and phase jitter also exist on transmitted EM wave, and the turbulent deviation increases as the degree of plasma fluctuates. Meanwhile, the fluctuation of transmitted EM wave attenuates at low-frequency passband and increases at high-frequency passband with the increasing magnetic field. That is, comparing with unmagnetized time-varying plasma, the fluctuation effect can be mitigated by using a magnetic field when the EM wave frequency is at low-frequency passband. However, the mitigating effect can be influenced by the nonuniformity of magnetic field.
Modified three-dimensional percolation simulation of char fragmentation and particulate formation
Authors: Wang Huashan , Li Huiyi , Chen Qingjie , Gao Jianmin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: February 2017

The current numerical calculation of particulate formation during char combustion mainly adopts the two-dimensional model. In this paper, based on the introduction of the concept of diffusion depth, the char combustion is simulated with a three-dimensional model. The modified model can simulate the actual situation that the reactant gas dose not diffuse into the char completely. The approach to realize the combustion process of char in chemical controlled zone (zone I) and transitional controlled zone (zone II) is given, and the results are compared with those in the diffusion controlled zone (zone III). The characteristic impact of initial porosity and mineral content on particulate formation in different zones is analyzed through the simulation and comparison. It can be seen from the results that the diffusion depth do put some limits on char fragmentation and mass distribution of ash particulates, which provides theoretical basis for the further study of particulate formation during char combustion and the reduction of particulate emission.
A countable free closed non-reflexive subgroup of ℤ^{𝔠}
Authors: Ferrer Maria , Hernández Salvador , Shakhmatov Dmitri
Published: February 2017

We prove that the group

G
=

H
o
m

(

Z

N

,

Z

)

G=\mathrm {Hom}(\mathbb {Z}^{\mathbb {N}}, \mathbb {Z})

of all homomorphisms from the Baer-Specker group

Z

N

\mathbb {Z}^{\mathbb {N}}

to the group

Z

\mathbb {Z}

of integer numbers endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence contains no infinite compact subsets. We deduce from this fact that the second Pontryagin dual of

G
G

is discrete. As

G
G

is non-discrete, it is not reflexive. Since

G
G

can be viewed as a closed subgroup of the Tychonoff product

Z

c

\mathbb {Z}^{\mathfrak {c}}

of continuum many copies of the integers

Z

\mathbb {Z}

, this provides an example of a group described in the title, thereby resolving a problem by Galindo, Recoder-Núñez and Tkachenko. It follows that an inverse limit of finitely generated (torsion-)free discrete abelian groups need not be reflexive.
Interaction of phosphorylated Rab11-FIP2 with Eps15 regulates apical junction composition
Authors: Lapierre Lynne A. , Manning Elizabeth H. , Mitchell Kenya M. , Caldwell Cathy M. , Goldenring James R.
Published: February 2017

MARK2 regulates the establishment of polarity in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in part through phosphorylation of serine 227 of Rab11-FIP2. We identified Eps15 as an interacting partner of phospho-S227-Rab11-FIP2 (pS227-FIP2). During recovery from low calcium, Eps15 localized to the lateral membrane before pS227-FIP2 arrival. Later in recovery, Eps15 and pS227-FIP2 colocalized at the lateral membrane. In MDCK cells expressing the pseudophosphorylated FIP2 mutant FIP2(S227E), during recovery from low calcium, Eps15 was trapped and never localized to the lateral membrane. Mutation of any of the three NPF domains within GFP-FIP2(S227E) rescued Eps15 localization at the lateral membrane and reestablished single-lumen cyst formation in GFP-FIP2(S227E)–expressing cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Whereas expression of GFP-FIP2(S227E) induced the loss of E-cadherin and occludin, mutation of any of the NPF domains of GFP-FIP2(S227E) reestablished both proteins at the apical junctions. Knockdown of Eps15 altered the spatial and temporal localization of pS227-FIP2 and also elicited formation of multiple lumens in MDCK 3D cysts. Thus an interaction of Eps15 and pS227-FIP2 at the appropriate time and location in polarizing cells is necessary for proper establishment of epithelial polarity.
Symmetric dimethylarginine, high-density lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Zewinger Stephen , Kleber Marcus E. , Rohrer Lucia , Lehmann Marlene , Triem Sarah , Jennings Richard T. , Petrakis Ioannis , Dressel Alexander , Lepper Philipp M. , Scharnagl Hubert , Ritsch Andreas , Thorand Barbara , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christa , de las Heras Gala Tonia , Koenig Wolfgang , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Schwedhelm Edzard , Böger Rainer H. , Laufs Ulrich , von Eckardstein Arnold , Landmesser Ulf , Lüscher Thomas F. , Fliser Danilo , März Winfried , Meinitzer Andreas , Speer Thimoteus
Published: February 2017

Aims

The vascular effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) differ under certain clinical conditions. The composition of HDL is modified in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As a consequence, uremic HDL induces endothelial dysfunction. We have previously shown that accumulation of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in HDL causes these adverse effects of HDL in CKD. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of the accumulation of SDMA on the association between HDL and mortality.

Methods and results

Mortality, renal function, serum SDMA and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed in the LURIC study including 3310 subjects undergoing coronary angiography. All-cause mortality was 30.0% during median follow-up of 9.9 years. Serum SDMA levels significantly predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and were significantly correlated with SDMA accumulation in HDL. Notably, higher serum SDMA was independently associated with lower cholesterol efflux (P = 0.004) as a measure of HDL functionality. In subjects with low SDMA levels, higher HDL-C was associated with significantly lower mortality. In contrast, in subjects with high SDMA, HDL-C was associated with higher mortality. These findings were confirmed in 1424 participants of the MONICA/KORA S3 cohort. Of note, we derived an algorithm allowing for calculation of biologically effective HDL-C’ based on measured HDL-C and SDMA. We corroborated these clinical findings with in  vitro evidence showing that SDMA accumulation abolishes the anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties of HDL.

Conclusion

The data identify SDMA as a marker of HDL dysfunction. These findings highlight on the pivotal role of SDMA accumulation in HDL as a mediator of pre-mature cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD.
Identification of Two Meloidogyne hapla Genes and an Investigation of Their Roles in the Plant-Nematode Interaction
Authors: Gleason Cynthia , Polzin Frederik , Habash Samer S. , Zhang Lei , Utermark Jan , Grundler Florian M. W. , Elashry Abdelnaser
Published: February 2017

Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne pathogens that invade and establish feeding sites in plant roots. They have an extremely broad host range, including most vascular plants. During infection of a susceptible host, root-knot nematodes secrete molecules called effectors that help them establish an intimate interaction with the plant and, at the same time, allow them to evade or suppress plant immune responses. Despite the fact that Meloidogyne hapla is a significant pest on several food crops, no effectors have been characterized from this root-knot nematode species thus far. Using the published genome and proteome from M. hapla, we have identified and characterized two genes, MhTTL2 and Mh265. MhTTL2 encodes a predicted secreted protein containing a transthyretin-like protein domain. The expression of MhTTL2 was up-regulated during parasitic life stages of the nematode, and in situ hybridization showed that MhTTL2 was expressed in the amphids, suggesting it has a role in the nematode nervous system during parasitism. We also studied the gene Mh265. The Mh265 transcript was localized to the subventral esophageal glands. An upregulation in Mh265 expression coincided with the pre- and early-parasitic life stages of the nematode. When Mh265 was constitutively expressed in plants, it enhanced their susceptibility to nematodes. These transgenic plants were also compromised in flg22-induced callose deposition, suggesting the Mh265 is modulating plant basal immune responses.
Recurrent Placenta-Mediated Complications in Women With Three Consecutive Deliveries
Authors: Hiersch Liran , Shinar Shiri , Melamed Nir , Aviram Amir , Hadar Eran , Yogev Yariv , Ashwal Eran
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the risk of placenta-mediated complications in women in their third delivery according to their obstetric history in the first and second deliveries.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study of all women with singleton pregnancies who delivered their first three consecutive deliveries in a single medical center over a 20-year period (1994–2013). The risk of placenta-mediated complications in the third delivery, that is, hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, placental abruption, and small for gestational age (SGA less than the 10th percentile), was assessed according to the presence or absence of complications in previous deliveries. Pregnancies complicated by multiple gestations or fetal anomalies were excluded.

RESULTS:

Of the 121,728 deliveries during the study period, 4,472 women (13,416 deliveries [11.0%]) met inclusion criteria. The rate of placenta-mediated complications in the third delivery was 5.9% (n=264). The most prevalent placenta-mediated complication was SGA. The risk of each placenta-mediated complication was greater the higher the incidence of placenta-mediated complications in prior pregnancies. In multivariate analysis, that risk was significantly associated with the number and order of complications in previous deliveries in a dose-dependent pattern: with no complications in either their first or second deliveries as a reference (n=3,650), the adjusted odds ratio (and 95% confidence intervals) was 4.35 (3.03–6.24) for complications in the first delivery but not the second delivery (n=532); 6.41 (3.95–10.38) for complications in the second delivery but not the first delivery (n=179); and 8.28 (4.72–14.58) for complications in both first and second deliveries (n=111), (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:

The number and order of previous placenta-mediated complications in the first two deliveries are major risk factors for recurrence in the third delivery. Previous SGA was the strongest risk factor for recurrence of SGA and other placenta-mediated complications.
Pharmacies' Duty to Dispense Emergency Contraception: A Discussion of Religious Liberty
Authors: Yang Y. Tony , Sawicki Nadia N.
Published: February 2017

In a recent battle between reproductive rights and religious freedom, the U.S. Supreme Court, by a five to three vote, declined to review an appeal in Stormans, Inc v Wiesman, a case brought by a Washington state pharmacy owner and two pharmacists who held religious objections to emergency contraception. These petitioners brought a constitutional challenge to Washington state regulations that required pharmacies to dispense all lawfully prescribed pharmaceuticals. In 2015, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that these regulations did not violate the Constitution. The Ninth Circuit confirmed that pharmacies must comply with state regulations requiring access to drugs even if the owners of the pharmacies hold religious objections to the provision of certain types of drugs—here, emergency contraception. The pharmacy owners appealed this ruling, and in 2016, the Supreme Court declined to review the case, effectively leaving the lower court ruling in place. This article analyzes the Stormans case, the difference between it and a seemingly similar case regarding contraceptive access decided by the Supreme Court in 2014, the effects of the Stormans ruling on emergency contraception access in Washington state as well as the ruling's potential implications for public health.
What Is New in Minimally Invasive Surgery?
Authors: Hurd William W.
Published: February 2017

Minimally invasive hysterectomy has a number of well-documented advantages compared with open hysterectomy, including lower complication rates, lower cost, and faster recovery. In this retrospective study of almost 10,000 women undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy for endometrial cancer, the investigators found that laparoscopic compared with open hysterectomy was associated with a decreased risk of venous thromboembolism (0.7% vs. 2.2%, respectively; P<.001). This relationship remained after correcting for age, body mass index, race, operative time, comorbidity index, and surgical complexity. It was assumed that the majority of these patients undergoing surgery for cancer received some form of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
Proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Canham Robert B. , Murthi Anand M.
Published: February 2017

Proximal humeral fractures will likely continue to be an important area of discussion and study in the future because optimal treatment strategies remain unclear in many situations. The PROFHER trial in particular has generated much debate with respect to the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures, and this is likely a discussion that will continue for many years to come. Open reduction and internal fixation with locked plating through either a deltopectoral or deltoid splitting approach, with or without fibular strut grafting or other augmentation, will likely continue to be a frequent form of treatment for displaced two- and three-part fractures and even in four-part fractures in younger patients with good bone stock. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has been increasingly used for more complex fractures and for those with poor bone quality. Although initial results are promising, future studies would be beneficial to further elucidate long-term outcomes for this treatment strategy.
Perinatal outcomes after oocyte donation and in-vitro fertilization
Authors: Kamath Mohan S. , Sunkara Sesh K.
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review

To critically appraise the existing literature on perinatal outcomes following oocyte donation (OD) pregnancies and compare it with autologous in-vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies.

Recent findings

OD pregnancies are at higher risk of developing hypertensive disorders compared with autologous IVF. The risk of preterm birth and low birth weight is higher with singleton and multiple OD compared with autologous IVF pregnancies. There is no increased risk of congenital malformations following OD compared with autologous IVF births.

OD pregnancies are at higher risk of developing hypertensive disorders and adverse perinatal outcomes compared with autologous IVF.
Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Claar Robyn Lewis , van Tilburg Miranda A.L. , Abdullah Bisher , Langer Shelby , Sherif Dalia , Whitehead William E. , Drossman Douglas A. , Levy Rona L.
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

For patients with Crohn disease (CD), symptom reporting may not coincide with disease state; patients in remission may continue to report symptoms and pain, whereas other patients may be symptom‐free despite a flare. This phenomenon has been documented in adults but only recently assessed in pediatric patients. The present study assessed the role of pain reporting and disease state in pediatric patients with CD in understanding psychological distress and quality of life.

Methods:

Participants included 116 children and adolescents ages 8 to 18 years with CD who completed self‐report questionnaires assessing pain, disease symptoms, depression, anxiety, functional disability, and quality of life. Physicians completed the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index to assess disease activity (scores ⩽10 = remission, scores >10 = flare).

Results:

Approximately two thirds of participants reported pain concordant with disease state. For patients in remission, those with pain experienced significantly increased disability and decreased quality of life compared to patients in remission without pain. For patients in a flare, those without pain experienced significantly decreased disability and depressive symptoms, and improved quality of life compared to patients in a flare with pain.

Conclusions:

For pediatric patients with CD, report of pain, while in remission or a flare, is associated with increased disability and reduced quality of life. Although levels of depression did not differ by disease state, depressive symptoms did differ by pain report (presence or absence) for those in a flare. Pain reporting in CD appears to be associated with both physical and psychological state and should be assessed regardless of disease activity.
Emerging Regional and Racial Disparities in the Lifetime Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Men who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Life Table Analysis in King County, WA and Mississippi
Authors: Chan Galant A. , Johnson Kendra L. , Mosca Nicholas G. , Dobbs Thomas E. , Dombrowski Julia C. , Bennett Amy B. , Buskin Susan E. , Golden Matthew R.
Published: February 2017

Background

Little is known about the lifetime risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis among US men who have sex with men (MSM), trends in risk and how risk varies between populations.

Methods

We used census and HIV surveillance data to construct life tables to estimate the cumulative risk of HIV diagnosis among cohorts of MSM born 1940 to 1994 in King County, Washington (KC) and Mississippi (MS).

Results

The cumulative risk of HIV diagnosis progressed in 3 phases. In phase 1, risk increased among MSM in successive cohorts born 1940 to 1964. Among men born 1955 to 1965 (the peak risk cohort), by age 55 years, 45% of white KC MSM, 65% of black KC MSM, 22% of white MS MSM, and 51% of black MS MSM had been diagnosed with HIV. In phase 2, men born 1965 to 1984, risk of diagnosis among KC MSM declined almost 60% relative to the peak risk cohort. A similar pattern of decline occurred in white MS MSM, with a somewhat smaller decline observed in black MS MSM. In phase 3, men born 1985 to 1994, the pattern of risk diverged. Among white KC MSM, black KC MSM, and white MS MSM, HIV risk increased slightly compared with men born 1975 to 1984, with 6%, 14%, and 2% diagnosed by age 27 years, respectively. Among black MS MSM born 1985 to 1994, HIV risk rose dramatically, with 35% HIV diagnosed by age 27 years.

Conclusions

The lifetime risk of HIV diagnosis has substantially declined among MSM in KC and among white MSM in MS, but is rising dramatically among black MSM in MS.
Imaging Performance of a Handheld Ultrasound System With Real-Time Computer-Aided Detection of Lumbar Spine Anatomy
Authors: Tiouririne Mohamed , Dixon Adam J. , Mauldin F. William , Scalzo David , Krishnaraj Arun
Published: February 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging performance of a handheld ultrasound system and the accuracy of an automated lumbar spine computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm in the spines of human subjects.

Materials and Methods

This study was approved by the institutional review board of the University of Virginia. The authors designed a handheld ultrasound system with enhanced bone image quality and fully automated CAD of lumbar spine anatomy. The imaging performance was evaluated by imaging the lumbar spines of 68 volunteers with body mass index between 18.5 and 48 kg/m2. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the lumbar spine CAD algorithm were assessed by comparing the algorithm's results to ground-truth segmentations of neuraxial anatomy provided by radiologists.

Results

The lumbar spine CAD algorithm detected the epidural space with a sensitivity of 94.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.1%–98.1%) and a specificity of 85.5% (95% CI, 81.7%–88.6%) and measured its depth with an error of approximately ±0.5 cm compared with measurements obtained manually from the 2-dimensional ultrasound images. The spine midline was detected with a sensitivity of 93.9% (95% CI, 85.8%–97.7%) and specificity of 91.3% (95% CI, 83.6%–96.9%), and its lateral position within the ultrasound image was measured with an error of approximately ±0.3 cm. The bone enhancement imaging mode produced images with 5.1- to 10-fold enhanced bone contrast when compared with a comparable handheld ultrasound imaging system.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of CAD for assisting with real-time interpretation of ultrasound images of the lumbar spine at the bedside.
Hydronephrosis Presenting 6 Months After Sacral Colpopexy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Weber LeBrun Emily , Santamaria Estefania , Moy Louis
Published: February 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe a case of uterovaginal prolapse managed with robotic-assisted sacral colpopexy complicated by severe right-sided hydronephrosis despite normal intraoperative cystoscopy.

Methods

A 68-year-old woman presented with a worsening vaginal bulge over the past 2 years. Tricompartment stage 2 uterovaginal prolapse, with dominant cystocele and skin erosion at the posterior fourchette from prolapse friction, was identified on physical examination, and the patient underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery, including sacral colpopexy.

Results

The patient was discharged on postoperative day 4 after being treated for a urinary tract infection. At her 6-week postoperative visit, the patient demonstrated normal vaginal support. She presented 6 months postoperatively with right-sided hydronephrosis with an almost imperceptible stricture where the right iliac vessels cross the pelvic brim, demonstrating a delayed manifestation of ureteral injury. She underwent open ureteroscopy, ureteroneocystostomy with vesicopsoas hitch, and ureteral stent placement. Ureteroscopy demonstrated a very mild narrowed caliber of the ureter just above the sacroiliac joint without overt obstruction. Follow-up intravenous pyelogram demonstrated no evidence of damage or obstruction. At nearly 1-year follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic and had normal renal function.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates the challenges of an uncommon, but highly morbid, complication of pelvic reconstructive surgery. Even when adequate visualization of the ureters and delicate ureteral dissection is achieved throughout surgery, occult injuries can still occur. Surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion of ureteral injury when evaluating patients for late presentations of postoperative complications.
A vortex model for forces and moments on low-aspect-ratio wings in side-slip with experimental validation
Authors: DeVoria Adam C. , Mohseni Kamran
Published: February 2017

This paper studies low-aspect-ratio (

) rectangular wings at high incidence and in side-slip. The main objective is to incorporate the effects of high angle of attack and side-slip into a simplified vortex model for the forces and moments. Experiments are also performed and are used to validate assumptions made in the model. The model asymptotes to the potential flow result of classical aerodynamics for an infinite aspect ratio. The

→ 0 limit of a rectangular wing is considered with slender body theory, where the side-edge vortices merge into a vortex doublet. Hence, the velocity fields transition from being dominated by a spanwise vorticity monopole (

≫ 1) to a streamwise vorticity dipole (

∼ 1). We theoretically derive a spanwise loading distribution that is parabolic instead of elliptic, and this physically represents the additional circulation around the wing that is associated with reattached flow. This is a fundamental feature of wings with a broad-facing leading edge. The experimental measurements of the spanwise circulation closely approximate a parabolic distribution. The vortex model yields very agreeable comparison with direct measurement of the lift and drag, and the roll moment prediction is acceptable for

≤ 1 prior to the roll stall angle and up to side-slip angles of 20°.
Free radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of a roots extract of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus
Authors: Jeong Gyeong Han , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: February 2017

As part of our continuing search for bioactive natural products, the antioxidant and a-glucosidase inhibitory activities of an 80% methanolic extract and organic solvent soluble-portions of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots were investigated by using a bioassay system. The antioxidant activity of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were assessed by examining with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+) radical scavenging. In addition, anti-diabetic effects of the A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus root extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were tested via a-glucosidase inhibition assay. The total phenolic contents of the products were determined by applying UV-VIS spectrophotometry. All tested samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and a-glucosidase inhibitory properties. In particular, the α-glucosidase inhibitory and radical scavenging effects of the ethyl-acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the roots of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus were greater than those from other solvent-soluble portions. These results indicate that A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus could be considered a new effective source of natural antioxidants and anti-diabetic materials. More systematic research of the constituents of the roots of this A. dioicus variety will be conducted to further develop its antioxidative and anti-diabetic properties.
Impact of multilevel strategic alliances on innovation and firm performance
Authors: Atalay Murat , Dirlik Onur , Sarvan Fulya
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the configuration of network ties that would have a positive impact on performance outcomes and test the presumed impact of multilevel strategic alliances on innovation and firm performance in a specific industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study comprises part of a larger project on the network relations of yacht-building firms operating in Turkey. Data of the study was collected through face-to-face interviews and questionnaires with 143 yacht-building firms operating in major yacht-building regions of the country.

Findings

The findings of the study indicated the presence of meaningful relationship between total number of (strong) network relations perceived as strategic alliance and overall innovation performance. The generally presumed positive relationship between innovation performance and firm performance was supported. The type of innovation performance that was found to be related to the total number of network ties perceived as strategic alliance at national and global levels was product innovation performance.

Practical implications

A possible contribution of this study for industry members would be the implications of the finding that indicates positive impact of strategic alliances with different actors of the industry.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the exploration of network configurations that have a positive impact on innovation and firm performance, by dealing with the impact of the size, strength and geographical level of network relations in one single study. The yacht-building industry as the empirical setting represents a specific category of industry that rests on customized individual or small-batch manufacturing requiring considerable interaction with customers and suppliers. Because no study exists on this topic, findings can inspire similar industries.
Formalizing in business networks as a tool for industrial policy
Authors: Guercini Simone , Tunisini Annalisa
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of “formalization” in business networks as an instrument of industrial policy. Formalization in business networks is not a debated topic but it can affect organizational and inter-organizational dynamics considerably. The aim of the paper is to understand if the introduction of a normative tool that enhances formalized networks can be effective to promote network aggregations among SMEs. Second, the aim is to understand if this formalization supports good-working networks, i.e., capable to introduce new products or to enter new markets/customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper refers to a review of the literature and mainly to an empirical research on formalized network contracts (NCs) that have been conducted in the latest two years. This research has used both secondary data, collected accessing to databases and reports given by institutions and the government, and primary data, collected in specific direct interviews. These interviews have been concerned both institutions such as Chamber of Commerce, Confindustria and the Ministry of Economic Development and the Small Business Association, and 15 cases of NCs in Italy.

Findings

The formalization has consequences both internally and externally to the NC. Internally it can act as an element to reduce ambiguity and building elements of “fragile trust,” in the absence of basic elements of “resilient trust” and in the presence of changes in the competitive environment. Externally, the formalization through the NC allows the policy maker to identify more clearly companies’ aggregations in order to let them being destination of specific industrial policies. However even if the formalization has in some cases enhanced new networks’ creation, in many cases formalization has generated positive results when companies had already experienced networking outside the frame of the NC.

Research limitations/implications

Further research on formalization in networks should be developed following the “history” of formalized networks over time in order to understand how much formalization should be used as a long-term tool for industrial policy.

Practical implications

The paper can be useful both for companies that want to sign a NC and for the institutions developing industrial policies devoted to support companies’ aggregations in the form of NC.

Originality/value

The paper presents a new legal tool – the “NC” – introduced in 2009 by the Italian Government to enhance firms’ aggregation; second, the paper debates the topic of formalization in networks that is not much debated in literature; and finally, the paper also adopts an industrial economic approach and is among the few attempts to integrate industrial policies and industrial marketing and purchasing thinking.