bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double Translations as a Characteristic Feature of the Old Church Slavonic Translation of John Chrysostom’s "Commentaries on Acts"
Authors: Dimitrova Aneta
Published: April 2020

The Old Church Slavonic translation of John Chrysostom’s commentaries on Acts of the Apostles (CPG 4426) is attested in 18 ethica and fragments included in the Old Bulgarian collection Zlatostruy from the early 10th-century Preslav. The Slavonic homilies have many peculiarities in common suggesting that they were translated together presumably by one translator. One of their common features is the frequent use of double translations (Doppelubersetzungen). In the article nearly half of the 90 examples in 10 homilies are examined and divided into four groups – proper double translations, complementary double translations, synonyms, and contextual synonyms. The study shows that in several cases the Slavonic translation is notably consistent and repetitive, but more often it aims at variety and clarity. The examples from the Zlatostruy homilies on Acts are compared to other Old Church Slavonic translations (e.g. to the works of John the Exarch and to other homilies from Zlatostruy), but the similarities are not sufficient for identifying the anonymous translator(s). The use of doublets in the examined texts is viewed both as a linguistic device for a faithful translation and as a stylistic feature typical for the translator of these homilies. However, this phenomenon is attested in many other medieval literary traditions, which makes the Zlatostruy homilies part of a larger textual tradition.
The Political Ambitions of Serbian Patriarch Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta
Authors: Kręzel Piotr
Published: April 2020

Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta (1698–1748) was one of the last leaders of the Peć Patriarchate. The period of his service coincided with the so-called Second Great Migration of the Serbs, i.e. the migration of portions of the Serbian society from Kosovo and Metohija to the southern territories of the Habsburg monarchy. This event majorly determined the actions of the patriarch at the end of the 1730s. The article outlines the political ambitions of Arsenije IV, which he tried to realize around that time. Particular focus is given to his vision of the Serbian community under the Habsburgs and to his efforts to retain the privileges which the Serbs had been granted by emperors Leopold I, Joseph I, and Charles VI. Additionally, the analysis covers the internal dynamics of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the territories of the Habsburg monarchy. The paper also touches upon the military issues and discusses the role of Serbian soldiers in the political plans of Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta.
Wine and Myrrh as Medicaments or a Commentary on Some Aspects of Ancient and Byzantine Mediterranean Society
Authors: Rzeźnicka Zofia , Kokoszko Maciej
Published: April 2020

The present study has resulted from a close reading of prescriptions for therapeutic wines inserted in book V of De materia medica by Pedanius Dioscorides, the eminent expert in materia medica of the 1st century A.D. The authors emphasise the role of wine varieties and selected flavourings (and especially of myrrh) in order to determine the social status of those to whom the formulas were addressed. This perspective gives the researchers ample opportunity for elaborating not only on the significance of wine in medical procedures but also for underscoring the importance of a number of aromatics in pharmacopoeia of antiquity and Byzantium. The analysis of seven selected formulas turns out to provide a fairly in-depth insight into Mediterranean society over a prolonged period of time, and leads the authors to draw the following conclusions. First, they suggest that medical doctors were social-inequality-conscious and that Dioscorides and his followers felt the obligation to treat both the poor and the rich. Second, they prove physicians’ expertise in materia medica, exemplifying how they were capable of adjusting market value of components used in their prescriptions to financial capacities of the patients. Third, the researchers circumstantiate the place of medical knowledge in ancient, and later on in Byzantine society. Last but not least, they demonstrate that medical treatises are an important source of knowledge, and therefore should be more often made use of by historians dealing with economic and social history of antiquity and Byzantium.
Ichthyological Hapax Legomena in Marcellus’ "De piscibus"
Authors: Tadajczyk Konrad
Published: April 2020

Marcellus of Side, a physician and didactic poet of the second century AD, mentions fourteen exclusive ichthyonyms in the preserved fragment De piscibus, extracted from the 42-volume epic poem entitled Cheironides. The author discusses Greek names of fish and sea animals that appear only in Marcellus’ work. They belong to the so-called hapax legomena. The following appellatives are carefully analyzed: ἁλιπλεύμων, ἅρπη, βούφθαλμος, βράχατος, γαρίσκος, γερῖνος, ἐρυθρός, θρανίας, θῦρος, κόλλουρος, περόνη, τραγίσκος, τυφλῖνος, χρύσοφος. It is assumed that Marcellus of Side introduced a number of ichthyonyms of Pamphylian origin, e.g. Pamph. θῦρος (< *θύρσος), βράχατος (instead of βάτραχος), ἐρυθρός (= ἐρυθρῖνος), θρανίας (instead of θράνις), χρύσοφος (instead of χρύσοφρυς). Also new identifications of fish are suggested, e.g. Gk. βούφθαλ- μος ‘large-eye dentex, Dentex macrophthalmus Bloch’, Gk. κόλλουρος ‘slender sunfish, Ranzania laevis Pennant’. All the discusssed ichthyonyms, as well as names of other sea animals, are explained from the point of view of phonology, morphology or semantics, e.g. ἁλιπλεύμων ‘jellyfish’ (literally ‘sea lung’), ἅρπη ‘a kind of ray fish’ (literally ‘a kite’).
Resiliency and Allostatic Load among Veterans at Risk for Adverse Prostate Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Hughes Halbert Chanita , Jefferson Melanie , Ambrose Linda , Caulder Susan , Savage Stephen J.
Published: April 2020

Objective: To examine the relationships be­tween resiliency, sociodemographic factors, and allostatic load among male Veterans.Design/Study Participants: Cross-sectional study with minority (African American or Hispanic) and non-minority (White) male Veterans undergoing prostate biopsy.Setting: Veterans Affairs Medical Center located in Charleston, SC.Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported resilience measured using the two item sub-scale from the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale and allostatic load determined from biomarkers measured in blood.Results: In this small sample, bounce-back resilience and allostatic load level had a significant negative correlation, while ad­aptation resilience and allostatic load were slightly correlated, but the association was not statistically significant. Sixty-six percent of participants reported that they were able to adapt and 40% reported they were able to bounce back. Higher income and lower PSA level were significantly correlated with greater adaptation resilience. Minor­ity men were significantly more likely than non-minority men to report that they are able to bounce back. Married men were also significantly more likely than unmar­ried men to report that they were able to bounce back.Conclusion: It may be important to target resiliency training programs to Veterans based on their social determinants and to examine the effects of these programs on allostatic load.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):177-184; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.177
Transmission Potential and Severity of COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Raza Sohail , Rasheed Muhammad Asif , Rashid Muhammad Khalid
Published: April 2020

As of 26 March 2020, Pakistan had 1179 cases of COVID-19, with most 421 cases from Sindh, 394 cases, 131 cases, 123 cases, 84 cases, 25 cases and 01 cases from Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir respectively. Travel-related cases were the main source of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early phase of the pandemic in Pakistan. Nevertheless, cases of local virus transmission are increasing day by day. As of 26 March 2020, nine deaths have been reported from COVID-19. The case fatality rate is 0.8%, which is less compare to China, Italy, USA, and Iran. The SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model of epidemiological analysis predicts that almost 90 million population will be infected in the coming days with 5% critical cases that need health care facilities. However, the Pakistan health care system cannot provide services to this much population. Hence, we need to act timely to reduce this number by restricting local transmission of the disease. This can be done by mass testing, quarantine, isolation and social distancing of the active coronavirus cases in Pakistan. Moreover, better communication between the authorities is very much required to control disease transmission.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Viral Genomics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Uddin Mohammed , Mustafa Farah , Rizvi Tahir  A. , Loney Tom , Al Suwaidi Hanan , Al Marzouqi Ahmad , Kamal Eldin Afaf , Alsabeeha Nabeel , Adrian Thomas E. , Stefanini Cesare , Nowotny Norbert , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Senok Abiola C.
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is due to infection caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 that impacts the lower respiratory tract. The spectrum of symptoms ranges from asymptomatic infections to mild respiratory symptoms to the lethal form of COVID-19 which is associated with severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress and fatality. At present, the global case fatality rate of COVID-19 laboratory confirmed cases is ~4.7% ranging from ~0.3-0.4% in Chile and Israel to ~10.8% in Italy. To address this global crisis, up-to-date information on the viral genomics and transcriptomics is crucial for understanding the origins and global dispersal of the virus, providing insight into viral pathogenicity, transmission and epidemiology, and enabling strategies for therapeutic interventions, drug discovery and vaccine development. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 epidemiology, genomic etiology, findings from recent transcriptomic map analysis, viral-human protein interactions, molecular diagnostics, and the current status of vaccine and novel therapeutic intervention development. Moreover, we provide an extensive list of resources that will help the scientific community access numerous types of databases related to SARS-CoV-2 OMICs and approaches to therapeutics related to COVID-19 treatment.
Uji Resistensi 22 Plama Nutfah Kapas (Gossypium sp.) terhadap Hama Utama pada Fase Generatif
Authors: Rudianto Riki , Supriyatdi Dedi , Syofian Mirodi , Kesuma Jakty
Published: April 2020

Kapas (Gossypium sp.) merupakan salah satu andalan sub sektor perkebunan. Serat yang dihasilkan banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam industri tekstil di Indonesia. Namun, tanaman kapas banyak yang terserang hama seperti hama Dysdercus cingulatus, Bemissia tabaci, Spodoptera litura dan Antractomorpa crenulata sehingga produksi kapas rendah. Mekanisme resistensi tanaman terhadap serangan hama ada 3 kategori yaitu antixenosis, toleransi, dan antibiosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji resistensi tanaman kapas terhadap serangan hama. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Politeknik Negeri Lampung dimulai pada bulan Mei sampai November 2018.  Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok non faktorial terdiri dari 22 perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan dengan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 5 tanaman, sehingga diperoleh 220 tanaman. Data hasil pengamatan diolah melalui analisis varian (Anova) jika nilai rata-rata berbeda maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Plasma nutfah kapas FDH 834 resisten terhadap kerusakan daun tetapi rentan terhadap kerusakan kerusakan batang pada fase generatif dan plasma nutfah kapas SA 2465 resisten terhadap hama penggerek buah.
Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Taka Asal Kepulauan Seribu Sebagai Bahan Pangan Alternatif
Authors: Yenisbar Yenisbar , Ekowahyuni Luluk P. , Pratama Umbu Yogi
Published: April 2020

Polynesia arrowroot as alternative food resource are rather difficult to be cultivated because of it’s dormant tubers. The propagation needed techniques for growth media optimization to provide a source of planting material. This study aimed to determine the best black Polynesia arrowroot growth from Kepulauan Seribu from several combinations of planting media. The method used was Block Randomized Design (BRD) with planting media treatment (M) : M1 = large granule sand +soil+choarcoal (1: 1:1 v / v), M2 = large granule sand+soil+organic fertilizer (1 : 1: 1 v / v) and M3 = large granule sand +soil+ organic fertilizer (2: 1: 1 v / v). Data were tested by  IBM SPSS software version 23 and further tests using DMRT at a level of 5%. The results showed the number leaves increase  and plant height increase The best media treatment for number of leaves was large granule sand + soil, while the highest plant height in large granule sand + soil media + manure.
Optimal Designs for Multicenter Interventional Trials in Musculoskeletal Pain Alleviation
Authors: Conti Mica Megan ,   on behalf of the Multicenter Interventional Trials Discussion Group
Published: April 2020

➢ The breakout session was tasked with identifying the key components of an optimal design for a multicenter interventional trial that focuses on pain alleviation.

➢ Researchers are encouraged to specifically define the terminology that they use and, wherever possible, use standardized definitions.

➢ There is a need to test other pain alleviation tools and/or medications so that opioids are not seen as the first choice.

➢ The key measure should be better patient-related outcomes instead of decreased opioid usage.
Characteristics and Early Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection in Fracture Patients
Authors: Mi Bobin , Chen Lang , Xiong Yuan , Xue Hang , Zhou Wu , Liu Guohui
Published: April 2020

Background:

Studies of the novel coronavirus-induced disease COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, have elucidated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease in the general population. The present investigation summarizes the clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 infection in a cohort of patients with fractures.

Methods:

Data on 10 patients with a fracture and COVID-19 were collected from 8 different hospitals located in the Hubei province from January 1, 2020, to February 27, 2020. Analyses of early prognosis were based on clinical outcomes and trends in laboratory results during treatment.

Results:

All 10 patients presented with limited activity related to the fracture. The most common signs were fever, cough, and fatigue at the time of presentation (7 patients each). Other, less common signs included sore throat (4 patients), dyspnea (5 patients), chest pain (1 patient), nasal congestion (1 patient), headache (1 patient), dizziness (3 patients), abdominal pain (1 patient), and vomiting (1 patient). Lymphopenia (<1.0 × 109 cells/L) was identified in 6 of 10 patients, 9 of 9 patients had a high serum level of D-dimer, and 9 of 9 patients had a high level of C-reactive protein. Three patients underwent surgery, whereas the others were managed nonoperatively because of their compromised status. Four patients died on day 8 (3 patients) or day 14 (1 patient) after admission. The clinical outcomes for the surviving patients are not yet determined.

Conclusions:

The clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with fracture tended to be more severe than those reported for adult patients with COVID-19 without fracture. This finding may be related to the duration between the development of symptoms and presentation. Surgical treatment should be carried out cautiously or nonoperative care should be chosen for patients with fracture in COVID-19-affected areas, especially older individuals with intertrochanteric fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Analgesic effect of preoperative intravenous administration of paracetamol on post-cesarean pain: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moghadam Seyyed Hamid Pakzad , Pourparizi Masoud , Goujani Reza , Khalilabadi Tayyebeh Mirzaei , Ravari Ali , Askari Shayesteh , Khalilabadi Sakineh Mirzaei
Published: April 2020

Background: Pain control after every surgery, especially cesarean is very important, and physicians are striving to discover pain control methods using the least amount of opioid. Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic with few complications. The present study was aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of preoperative intravenous administration of paracetamol on post-cesarean pain. Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 240 pregnant women under spinal anesthesia who were candidate for elective cesarean. The patients’ weight, height, age and body mass index (BMI) were recorded, and patients were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=120). In the first group, 10 mg/kg paracetamol in 100cc normal saline (paracetamol group) and in the second group 100cc normal saline (control group) administered 15 minutes before surgery intravenously. Blood pressure, pulse rate, chills and nausea were recorded during and 1 hour after surgery, and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and need for additional analgesic were recorded 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Results : The mean scores of pain were significantly lower in paracetamol group (4.01±2.22) than control group 6 hours (4.83±2.35) (p=0.008) and 24 hours (2.26±1.85 and 2.67±1.80 respectably) (p=0.038) after surgery. Mean meperidine consumed was lower in paracetamol group than control group but not significantly. No significant difference was found between the two groups in frequency of chills and nausea (p>0.05). Conclusions : Within the limitations of the current study, preoperative intravenous administration of paracetamol significantly reduced post-cesarean pain within 24 hours. Trial registration: The proposal of present study approved by the Research Council of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences with No. 841 on 2016-11-08 and by the ethics committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, with code IR.RUMS.REC.1395.115 on 2016-11-08 (prospectively registered), and approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (IRCT) with code IRCT20150519022320N17 on 2019-01-18 (retrospectively registered). https://www.irct.ir
Development of the “POP” scoring system for predicting obstetric and gynecological diseases in the emergency department: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: OKADA ASAMI , Okada Yohei , Fujita Hiroyuki , Iiduka Ryoji
Published: April 2020

Background: Obstetric and gynecological (OBGY) diseases are among the most important differential diagnoses for young women with acute abdominal pain. However, there are few established clinical prediction rules for screening OBGY diseases in emergency departments (EDs). This study aimed to develop a prediction model for diagnosing OBGY diseases in the ED.Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included female patients with acute abdominal pain who presented to our ED. We developed a logistic regression model for predicting OBGY diseases and assessed its diagnostic ability. This study included young female patients aged between 16 and 49 years who had abdominal pain and were examined at the ED between April 2017 and March 2018. Trauma patients and patients who were referred from other hospitals or from the OBGY department of our hospital were excluded.Results: Out of 27,991 patients, 740 were included. Sixty-five patients were diagnosed with OBGY diseases (8.8%). The "POP" scoring system (past history of OBGY diseases +1, no other symptoms +1, and peritoneal irritation signs +1) was developed. Cut-off values set between 0 and 1 points, sensitivity at 0.97, specificity at 0.39, and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.1 (95% CI: 0.02-0.31) were considered to rule-out, while cut-off values set between 2 and 3 points, sensitivity at 0.23 (95% CI 0.13-0.33), specificity at 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.00), and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 17.30 (95% CI: 7.88-37.99) were considered to rule-in.Conclusions: Our "POP" scoring system may be useful for screening OBGY diseases in the ED. Further research is necessary to assess the predictive performance and external validity of different data sets.
Management of complex renal cysts in Canada: Results of a survey study
Authors: Couture Félix , Finelli Antonio , Tétu Amélie , Bhindi Bimal , Breault Rodney H. , Kapoor Anil , Kassouf Wassim , Lavallée Luke , Tanguay Simon , Violette Philippe D. , Richard Patrick O.
Published: April 2020

Background

Bosniak III and IV cysts have a high risk of malignancy and have traditionally been managed surgically. However, growing evidence suggests that many can be managed by active surveillance. The main objective of this study was to characterize the use of surveillance in the management of complex renal cysts.

Methods

A web-based survey was sent to all registered, active members of the Canadian Urological Association (N=583) in October 2018.

Results

The survey response rate was 24.7%. Management of Bosniak III cysts varied considerably. A large proportion of respondents (33.1%) offered active surveillance in >50% of cases. Only 13.7% of respondents reported never or rarely (<5% of cases) offering surveillance. In contrast, for Bosniak IV cysts, 60.1% of urologists never or rarely offered surveillance, while only 10.1% offer it in >50% of cases. A significantly greater proportion of academic urologists, compared to non-academic urologists, viewed surveillance as a management option for patients with a Bosniak III or IV cyst. The most commonly reported barriers to a greater adoption of surveillance were concerns regarding its oncologic safety, the lack of data to support surveillance in this population, and the lack of triggers for discontinuation of active surveillance and intervention.

Conclusions

Despite active surveillance being included as a management option in guidelines, many Canadian urologists are reluctant to offer surveillance to patients with Bosniak III or IV cysts. Practice patterns are heterogeneous among those offering surveillance. High-quality studies are required to better define the benefits and risks of cystic renal mass surveillance.
New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: De Joshua Ang Xin , Kadir Khamisah Abdul , Mohamad Dayang Shuaisah Awang , Matusop Asmad , Divis Paul Cliff Simon , Yaman Khatijah , Singh Balbir
Published: April 2020

Background: The vectors for Plasmodium knowlesi, a significant cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia, identified previously in nature all belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, to identify vectors of P. knowlesi , where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes of Plasmodium , and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITSII) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of the mosquitoes were derived from the Plasmodium -positive samples for phylogenetic analyses. Results: A total of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, six An. balabacensis and five An. barbirostris Clade VI were found to have single P. knowlesi infecions while three other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi . Phylogenetic analyses of the Plasmodium SSUrRNA genes confirmed 3 An. barbirostris Clade VI and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and possibly novel species of Plasmodium . Phylogenies inferred from the ITSII and COI sequences of An. balabacensis and An. barbirostris Clade VI indicate that the former is genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis in Borneo while the latter is a novel sibling species belonging to the Anopheles Barbirostris Subgroup. Conclusions: New vectors for P. knowlesi in Sarawak were identified, including An. barbirostris Clade VI , which is a species that does not belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group.
Effect of Residual Extractable Lignin on Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Production in SHF and SSF Processes
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Yu , Shi Suan , Tu Maobing
Published: April 2020

Background

Lignin played an important role in biochemical conversion of biomass to biofuels. A significant amount of lignin is precipitated on the surface of pretreated substrates after organosolv pretreatment. The effect of this residual lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis has been well understood, however, their effect on subsequent ABE fermentation is still unknown.

Results

To determine the effect of residual extractable lignin on Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation in separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes, we compared ABE production from ethanol washed and unwashed substrates. The ethanol organosolv pretreated loblolly pine (OPLP) was used as the substrate. It was observed that butanol production from OPLP-UW (unwashed) and OPLP-W(washed) reached 8.16 and 1.69 g/L, respectively in SHF. The results showed that ABE production in SHF from OPLP-UW prevents an “acid crash” as comparing the OPLP-W. In SSF process, the “acid crash” occurred for both OPLP-W and OPLP-UW. The inhibitory extractable lignin intensified the “acid crash” for OPLP-UW and resulted in less ABE production than OPLP-W. The addition of detoxified prehydrolysates in SSF processes shortened the fermentation time and could potentially prevent the “acid crash”.

Conclusions

The results suggested that the residual extractable lignin in high sugar concentration could help ABE production by lowering the metabolic rate and preventing “acid crash” in SHF processes. However, it became unfavorable in SSF due to its inhibition of both enzymatic hydrolysis and ABE fermentation with low initial sugar concentration. It is essential to remove extractable lignin of substrates for ABE production in SSF processes. Also, a higher initial sugar concentration is needed to prevent the “acid crash” in SSF processes.
Natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx strains
Authors: Liu Yongjian , Zhang Yu , Li Hanping , Wang Xiaolin , Jia Lei , Han Jingwan , Li Tianyi , Li Jingyun , Li Lin
Published: April 2020

Background: There is increasing evidence that HIV-1 genetic diversity can have an impact on drug resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological situation of CRF65_cpx and the impact of natural polymorphisms of this variant on genotypic resistance. Methods: We used the BLAST search program followed by phylogenetic analysis to identify additional CRF65_cpx pol sequences from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. Maximum likelihood phylogeny was estimated to clarify the epidemiological relationship of CRF65_cpx strains. Genotypic resistance was determined by submitting sequences to the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results: A total of 32 CRF65_cpx pol sequences were obtained. The CRF65_cpx strains were detected in seven provinces with large geographic distance. Yunnan CRF65_cpx sequences were mainly derived from a heterosexual risk group, whereas the CRF65_cpx sequences in other provinces were almost exclusively derived from an MSM population. With one exception of V179E, the other 31 strains harbored V179D mutation. The combination of V179D and K103R, conferring intermediate resistance to EFV and NVP, was detected in seven treatment-naive MSM patients. Conclusions: This study confirmed the expansion CRF65_cpx in China. Furthermore, we found the natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to NNRTIs in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx. Our findings highlight the contribution of polymorphic mutations to drug resistance and underscore the challenges in treating patients harboring CRF65_cpx strains.
Analysis of ileostomy stool samples reveals dysbiosis in patients with high-output intestinal fluid
Authors: Matsuzawa Hirokazu , Munakata Shinya , Kawai Masaya , Sugimoto Kiichi , Kamiyama Hirohiko , Takahashi Makoto , Kojima Yutaka , Sakamoto Kazuhiro
Published: April 2020

Background Diverting stoma construction can significantly reduce the onset of severe anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. High-output stoma is one of the most important potential surgical complications after anal function-preserving surgery with ileostomy. Culture-independent techniques have revealed the interaction of complex intestinal bacterial ecology with various diseases. Our objective was to evaluate the differences in patient characteristics and gut microbiota distribution features in stoma high output patients. Patients and Methods The cases of 24 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer at our hospital between November 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed and patients categorized into high-output and low-output groups. The microbiota was analyzed using next-generation sequencing of ileostomy stool samples collected on postoperative day 7. Results There was a significant difference in the percentage of Bacteroidetes between the high-output and low-output groups (14.8% vs 0.5%; p = 0.01). The percentage of Clostridium butyricum was increased in the low-output group ( p = 0.01). The analyses after the exclusion of those treated with the Miya-BM probiotic, whose principal component is C. butyricum , revealed no significant differences between the high-output and low-output groups. Conclusion This pilot study provides first evidence correlating gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of high output stoma compared with low output stoma.
Domestic Violence in Mozambique From policy to practice
Authors: Jethá Eunice , Keygnaert Ines , Martins Emilia , Sidat Mohsin , Roelens Kristien
Published: April 2020

Background: To reduce the impact of domestic violence (DV), Mozambican governmental and non-governmental entities are making efforts to strengthen the legislative framework and improve the accessibility of care services for survivors of violence. Despite this remarkable commitment, the translation of policies and legislation into actions remains a huge challenge. Therefore, this paper aims to identify gaps in the implementation of existing national policies and laws for DV in the services providing care for survivors of DV. Methods: This study, using a qualitative approach had two components. The first was content analysis of guidelines and protocols for DV care provision. The second consisted of in-depth interviews with institutional gender focal points. The analysis of the document content was based on a framework developed according to key elements recommended by international agencies (PAHO and UN) for DV policies and strategies design. Data from the in-depth interviews, where analysed in accordance with study objectives. Results: Eleven (11) guidelines/protocols of care provision and innumerable brochures and pamphlets were identified and analysed. There is a standardised form which highlights the integrated approach incorporating fields for police and the health sector but excludes Civil Society Organizations. However, there is no national DV database. Although the focal points recognised the relevance of the reviewed documents, many identified gaps in implementation. This is related to the weaknesses of the offender’s penalisation and to the scarcity of care providers. And, many providers who do exist often lack appropriate training. They also recognised their performance is negatively influenced by socio-cultural factors. Conclusion : Within services providing care to survivors of DV, a scarcity of guidelines and protocols exist, compromising the quality and standardisation of care . Recognition of the relevance of care guidelines and protocols is a strength, there are challenges governmental and non-governmental entities must address in order to ensure DV prevention and control strategies have the desired results.
Analysis of the Practice of Dengue Prevention and Sustainable Control with Multi-attribute Decision-making
Authors: Wang Shen-Tsu , Li Meng-Hua , Lien Chun-Chi , Cho Wan-Ching
Published: April 2020

Dengue fever is one of the most common insect-borne diseases in the world, and epidemics mostly occur in tropical and subtropical regions. In the past, the grey multi-attribute decision-making method has been combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to predict which areas in southern Tainan may easily trigger dengue epidemics. As many studies have shown that the extent of human communication and active government is crucial in dengue prevention, this study aims to propose dengue prevention and control methods before and after the occurrence of dengue cases. This study found that, when dengue fever cases begin to appear, the relevant county and city government departments must hire vector control companies to carry out regional indoor and outdoor spraying. Before the emergence of dengue cases, the green and sustainable-oriented remediation strategies, as promoted by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), can be adopted. Remediation of soil and groundwater pollution sites can reduce the source of vector mosquitoes, in order that the green environment can achieve sustainable development.
Measuring capital in active addiction and recovery: The development of the Strengths And Barriers Recovery Scale (SABRS)
Authors: Best David , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Nisic Mulka
Published: April 2020

The international Life In Recovery (LiR) surveys have provided an important message to the public and policy makers about the reality of change from addiction to recovery, consistently demonstrating both that there are marked gains across a range of life domains and that the longer the person is in recovery the better their recovery strengths and achievements. However, to date, no attempt has been made to quantify the LiR scales and to assess what levels of change in removing barriers and building strengths is achieved at which point in the recovery journey. The current study undertakes a preliminary analysis of strengths and barriers from the LiR, using data from a European LiR survey conducted, and suggests that the LiR instrument can be edited into a Strengths And Barriers Recovery Scale (SABRS). The resulting data analysis shows that there are stepwise incremental changes in recovery strengths at different recovery stages, but these occur with only very limited reductions in barriers to recovery, with even those in stable recovery typically having at least two barriers to their quality of life and wellbeing. Greater strengths in active addiction (which we will refer to as ‘natural recovery capital’) are associated with greater strengths and resources in recovery.
A Qualitative Study on the Unmet Needs of Cancer Carers in Vietnam
Authors: Jenkins Chris , Ho Hien Thi , Nghiem Hoa Le Phuong , Prue Gillian , Lohfeld Lynne , Donnelly Michael , Hoang Minh Van , Santin Olinda
Published: April 2020

Background: Due to limited resources in hospitals and social and cultural norms regarding caregiving in Vietnam, carers provide a range of supportive functions for family members diagnosed with cancer. This paper provides empirical evidence on the self-identified unmet needs of carers of inpatients in national oncology hospitals in Vietnam.Methods: An international, multidisciplinary research team conducted focus group and in-depth interviews with informal carers (n=20) and health care providers (n=22) and collaboratively analysed the results using thematic content analysis.Results: Thematic content analysis highlighted four main areas of needs: (i) material requirements such as accessible and comfortable facilities, accommodation and finance; (ii) information needs about cancer, caring, and nutrition; (iii) emotional support; and (iv) training about how to provide care to their family members during (a) treatment and (b) recovery phases.Conclusions: Carers provide invaluable support in supporting people with a cancer diagnosis, particularly given wider systemic challenges in delivering cancer services in Vietnam. Increasing visibility and formal support is likely to have both a positive impact upon the health and wellbeing of carers, as well as for cancer patients under their care.
The use of the Hungarian Test Your Memory (TYM-HUN), MMSE and ADAS-Cog tests for patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in a Hungarian population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Garbóczy Szabolcs , Magócs Éva , Szőllősi Gergő , Harsányi Szilvia , Anikó Égerházi , Kolozsvári László
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a growing disease process with aging. If we could recognize the disease at an early stage and increase the number of years spent in a better condition through preventive and treatment measures, we could reduce the pressure both directly on families and indirectly on society. There is a need for testing methods that are easy to perform even in general practitioner’s office, inexpensive and non-invasive, which could help early recognition of mental decline. We have selected Test Your Memory (TYM), which has proven to be reliable for detecting AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in several countries. Our study was designed to test the usability of the TYM-HUN comparing with the ADAS-Cog (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale) in MCI recognition in the Hungarian population.METHODS TYM test was translated and validated into Hungarian (TYM-HUN). The TYM-HUN test was used in conjunction with and compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the ADAS-Cog. For our study, 50 subjects were selected, 25 MCI patients and 25 healthy controls. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the scores of MMSE and ADAS-Cog with TYM-HUN.RESULTS MCI can be distinguished from AD and normal aging using ADAS-Cog and MMSE is a useful tool to detect dementia. We established a 'cut-off' point of TYM-HUN (44/45points) where optimal sensitivity and specificity values were obtained to screen MCI. The total TYM-HUN scores significantly correlated with the MMSE scores (ρ=0.626; p<0.001) and ADAS-Cog scores (ρ=-0.723; p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the Hungarian version of TYM (TYM-HUN) is an easy, fast, self-administered questionnaire with the right low threshold regarding MCI and can be used for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment.
Implementing the Risk Identification (RI) and Modified Early Obstetric Warning Signs (MEOWS) tool in district hospitals in Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tuyishime Eugene , Ingabire Honorine , Mvukiyehe Jean Paul , Durieux Marcel , Twagirumugabe Theogene
Published: April 2020

Background: Despite reaching Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 3, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) is still high in Rwanda. Most deaths occur after transfer of patients with obstetric complications from district hospitals (DHs) to referral hospitals; timely detection and management may improve these outcomes. The RI and MEOWS tool has been designed to predict morbidity and decrease delay of transfer. Our study aimed: 1) to determine if the use of the RI and MEOWS tool is feasible and acceptable in DHs in Rwanda and 2) to determine the role of the RI and MEOWS tool in predicting morbidity.Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled parturient admitted to 4 district hospitals during the study period from April to July 2019. Data was collected on compliance rate to RI and MEOWS tool, acceptability, and prediction of morbidity (hemorrhage, infection, and pre-eclampsia).Results: Among 798 parturient enrolled in this study, the mean age was 20.3 years (Sd=6.8), most of them had insurance (95%), the mean of length of stay was 3.1 days (Sd=2.08), and the morbidity rate was 10.3%. The RI and MEOWS tool compliance rate was 76.3 and acceptability rate among 22 respondents was 90.9%. The RI and MEOWS tool had accuracy of 14.29%, P value <0.001, relative risk of 0.277 42 (0.1718-0.4487), sensitivity of 73.68%, specificity of 93.86%, positive predictive value of 11.57%, and negative predictive value of 41.67% .Conclusion: RI and MEOWS tool is a feasible and acceptable in the DHs of Rwanda. In addition, having moderate or high scores on the RI and MEOWS tool predict morbidity. After consideration of local context, this tool can be considered for scale up to other district hospitals in Rwanda or other low resources settings.
Status of and Factors Influencing the Anxiety and Depression of Front-line Medical Staff Supporting Wuhan in Containing COVID-19
Authors: sun ning , LI Laiyou , CHEN Shuangqin , YANG Shuang , LIU Xiufen
Published: April 2020

Background: The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has the novel coronavirus as its pathogen. At present, more than 30,000 medics from nationwide medical teams have supported Wuhan. However, some medical workers have been seriously infected in Wuhan and other parts of Hubei Province, with over 3,000 medical staff having been confirmed of infection. Therefore, it is necessary to analysis the emotional status of front-line medical staff and their influencing factors in dealing with the NCP so as to provide an objective basis for prevention and intervention measures. Methods: This research aimed to shed light on the relation between the personality characteristics of front-line medical workers and their anxiety and depression, to provide the basis and reference for targeted mental health education and for relevant departments to formulate relevant policies. This study adopted a convenient sampling method and examined the psychological status of 150 front-line medical workers from Zhejiang Province with questionnaire surveys using the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The participants had severe anxiety and depression; the top three items under the category of anxiety were genitourinary symptoms, behavior at interview, and respiratory symptoms, whereas the top three items under depression were feelings of guilt, weight loss, and retardation. Among all personal data, the following factors influenced anxiety, in decreasing order: degree of suspicion of being infected when showing associated symptoms, degree of fear of yourself and your family being infected, and the affiliated hospital (P <0.05). The first two factors similarly influenced depression (P <0.05). Conclusion: The front-line medical staff were found to have serious anxiety and depression when dealing with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, and have enormous psychological stress in the face of the growing number of confirmed cases and current absence of special treatment. Targeted mental health promotion work must be carried out to alleviate the psychological pressure of front-line medical staff and enhance their physical and mental health so that they can better contribute to the efforts against the current epidemic.
HPV16-E6 but not E7 inhibits the antitumor activity of LKB1 in lung cancer cells by down regulating the expression of KIF7
Authors: Hu Yue , Wu Ming-Zhe , Gu Na-Jin , Qiu Xue-Shan , Wang En-Hua , Wu Guang-Ping
Published: April 2020

Background: The E6 and E7 proteins in HPV16 are the main oncogenes in the occurrence of lung cancer. In recent studies, we had found that E6 and E7 downregulated the expression of LKB1 in lung cancer cells. However, it is not clear how E6 and E7 regulate LKB1 in lung cancer cells.

Methods: The double directional genetic manipulation and Nuclear plasma separation technology were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of E6 and E7 inhibiting the antitumor activity of LKB1 in well-established lung cancer cell lines.

Results: E6 but not E7 significantly downregulated the expression of tumor suppressor KIF7 at protein level, and the inhibition of KIF7 further reduced the expression of LKB1 both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm, whereas reduced the expression of p-LKB1 in the cytoplasm only. Therefore, we suggested that HPV16 E6 but not E7 downregulates the antitumor activity of LKB1 by down regulating the expression of p-LKB1 in the cytoplasm only.

Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that E6 but not E7 inhibits the antitumor activity of LKB1 in lung cancer cells by down regulating the expression of KIF7. Our findings provided new evidence to support the important role of KIF7 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and suggested new therapeutic targets.
Microglia exosomes miR-7239-3p promoting Glioma progression by regulating the Circadian genes
Authors: Li Xuepei , Guan Junwen , Jiang Zhou , Cheng Shuting , Hou Wang , Yao Junjie , Wang Zhengrong
Published: April 2020

Background Glioma associated microglial cells (GAMs), as an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in glioma progression. Materials & Methods Mouse glioma cells line GL261 and mouse microglia cell line BV2 were chosen in this studys. Firstly, Circadian genes expressions in glioma cells among M1 and M2 microglia, were detected, and unpolarized and M2 microglia exosomes were extracted. Subsequently, we labeled exosomes with PKH-67 and treated them with GL261 cells to observe the exosomes distribution. The GL261 cells phenotype and related protein expression were detected to explore the promotion effect of M2 microglial exosomes on gliomas. Then the miR-7239-3p specific inhibitors was added to vertify miR-7239-3p functions. Finally, we used a mouse subcutaneous tumorigenic model to verify the tumorigenic effect of M2 microglial exosomes in vivo. Results In the glioma co-cultured with M2 microglia, the expression of BMAL1 protein was decreased ( p <0.01) and the expression of CLOCK protein was increased ( p <0.05), which is in contrast to the gliomas co-cultured with M1 microglial. After treated by M2 microglia exosomes, the apoptosis of GL261 cells decreased ( p <0.001), and cell viability, proliferation and migration of GL261 cell increased. The expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin increased, and E-cadherin decreased after treated by M2 microglia exosomes. When added miR-7239-3p inhibitors to M2 microglia exosomes the aforementioned results were reversed. Conclusions We found that miR-7239-3p in the glioma microenvironment is recruited to glioma cells by exosomes and inhibited Bmal1 expression. M2 microglial exosomes promote the proliferation and migration of gliomas by regulating tumor-related protein expression and reducing apoptosis.