bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli in betel leaves: prevalence, virulence characterization and antibiogram
Authors: Islam Nasrin , Islam M Rafiqul , Liza Razany Akter , Nobi Md Ashiquen , Islam Sk Shaheenur , Arif Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman , Samosornsuk Seksun , Samosornsuk Worada , Kabir SM Lutful
Published: November 2024

Escherichia coli is a significant foodborne pathogen, frequently linked to hemorrhagic diarrhea, especially in developing nations, where it presents considerable public health concerns. This study was conducted to examine the virulence gene profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli strains isolated from piper betel leaves. A total of 100 betel leaf samples, including fresh (n = 60) and ready-to-eat (n = 40) specimens, were collected and tested for the presence of E. coli using standard diagnostic techniques, such as selective culture methods, staining, latex agglutination, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Further, the identified E. coli isolates underwent PCR-based testing for virulence genes and disk diffusion assays to assess antibiotic susceptibility. Among the 100 samples screened, 4% (n = 4/100; 95% CI: 1.57–9.84; P = 0.1126) were identified as E. coli O157, and 33% (n = 33/100; 95% CI: 24.56–42.69; P = 0.4011) were classified as non-O157 isolates. The virulence gene stx1 was found in 10.81% of isolates, while stx2, eaeA, and hlyA genes were not detected in any samples. Antibiotic resistance analysis showed that all isolates (100%, 37/37) were resistant to amoxicillin and erythromycin, with 75.68% (28/37) demonstrating resistance to tetracycline. Notably, all isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. A majority (72.97%, 27/37) of isolates were sensitive to streptomycin, and 67.57% (25/37) were sensitive to gentamicin. Additionally, 86.48% of the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), showing 10 resistance patterns, including 8 MDR patterns. The most common MDR pattern was AMX-TE-E, observed in 56.76% (21/37) of isolates. One isolate demonstrated resistance to six of the eight tested antibiotics across four distinct classes, with the resistance pattern AMX-TE-GEN-S-E-AZM. The MAR indices for E. coli isolates ranged between 0.25 and 0.75. These findings highlight the significant threat posed to global public health by multidrug-resistant shiga toxin-producing E. coli found on piper betel leaves in urban environments.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2024, 9(3), 33-44
The Relationship Between Dividend Announcements And Ex-Dividend Dates On Stock Prices Before And During The Pandemic In The Indonesian Stock Market
Authors: Weli Weli , Handayani Christabella
Published: November 2024

The ongoing discourse surrounding the ramifications of dividend announcements and ex-dividend dates on stock prices persists, particularly against the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic's significant upheaval on the Indonesian economy, including its stock market. Thus, this study endeavors to delve into the intricate dynamics of how dividend announcements and ex-dividend dates influence stock prices, coupled with an exploration of investor reactions amidst the pandemic. Focusing on companies listed on the IDX that dispensed dividends from 2018 to 2021, this research adopts a purposive sampling approach, yielding a robust dataset comprising 181 observations. Leveraging descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing via SPSS software, the study unravels compelling insights. Notably, it unveils a positive nexus between dividend announcements, the pandemic, and stock prices. Intriguingly, however, the ex-dividend date appears to exert negligible impact on stock prices, challenging conventional wisdom. By shedding light on these dynamics, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of market behavior amidst dividend-related events and the unprecedented disruptions posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, offering valuable insights for investors and policymakers.
Development of Management Information System to Improve Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Nurul Barqi Sejahtera Cooperative
Authors: Farliana Nina , Rusdarti Rusdarti , Sakitri Wijang
Published: November 2024

This community service activity aims to provide cooperative management training to improve the understanding and skills of administrators and supervisors in providing services to members. The location of this community service is at the Nurul Barqi Sejahtera Service Cooperative, Semarang, Central Java Province, with a target of 14 participants consisting of administrators and supervisors. The solution approach is carried out through the workshop method, which includes steps such as initial problem identification, follow-up FGD on institutional management development, development of an integrated cooperative management information system, implementation of an integrated SIM operation workshop, and program evaluation using interview instruments, with source triangulation analysis techniques, and follow-up. The results of this service are that the development of teacher professionalism in managing school cooperatives has been successfully carried out, starting from the problem identification stage and workshops to program evaluations. The results of this service can also increase cooperatives' competitiveness in a sustainable manner. Challenges faced, such as limited understanding of teachers regarding cooperative development, have been successfully overcome through intensive training and ongoing mentoring.
Complexity Leadership: The Third Decade
Authors: Walker Steven M. , Watkins Daryl V. , Earnhardt Matthew P.
Published: November 2024

Complexity leadership, complex adaptive leadership, and adaptive leadership are distinct yet interconnected research areas, originating in the early 1980s. This article extends a systematic review, focusing on the third decade of literature in these fields. The authors examined 778 business-related articles, narrowing down to 91 published between 2003 and 2012 for detailed deductive analysis. Findings from this decade highlight a shift from traditional, leader-centric models to adaptive, holistic frameworks that emphasize emergence, nonlinearity, feedback loops, and interdependence. Key themes include adaptive capacity, self-organization, and distributed cognition, which underscore the importance of collaborative leadership in managing complex, volatile environments. These insights offer practical guidance, illustrating how organizations can use these principles to foster continuous innovation, adaptability, and resilience—laying the groundwork for the most recent fifteen years of complexity leadership research.
Kelimpahan dan Struktur Ukuran Kepiting Bakau (Scylla Serrata) Pada Habitat Mangrove Di Desa Banyuurip Kecamatan Ujung Pangkah Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Masitoh Liza Khoidiyah , Latuconsina Husain , Zayadi Hasan
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Banyuurip mangrove center (BMC), Kecamatan Ujung Pangkah Kabupaten Gresik selama bulan Juli-Agustus 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis vegetasi mangrove, indeks nilai pentingnya, membandingkan kelimpahan kepiting bakau beserta struktur ukuranya dan analisis hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan di habitat mangrove yang berbeda yaitu daerah muara dengan air payau dan tepi pantai dengan air asin. Metode  penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampling secara sistematis dengan menggunakan Belt Transeck. Hasil pengamatan mangrove didapatkan 12 spesies dari 6 familia dan hasil pengamatan kelimpahan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) didapatkan nilai 1,24 ind/m2 untuk stasiun 1 dan 1,32 ind/m2 untuk stasiun 2. Data penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan rumus Indeks nilai penting (INP), kelimpahan kepiting bakau dan korelasi peorsen dengan bantuan softwere PAST 3.25 B. Parameter lingkungan yang diamati yaitu suhu, ph, salinitas dan jenis substrat.
Conjectures on Pindar
Authors: Lane Nicholas
Published: November 2024

These notes advance conjectures on seven Pindaric cruxes: P. 3.17-19, 4.109-10, 5.17-19, 12.9-12, N. 3.74-5, 7.24-7, and I. 6.47-8.
-
Authors: Adhrianti Lisa , Cucu Neneng , Gritary Syahandha
Published: November 2024

Komunikasi terapeutik yang terjadi dalam proses konseling Keluarga Berencana (KB) oleh bidan di Puskemas menarik untuk diamati karena dalam prosesnya terjadi proses yang berkesinambungan dalam waktu lebih lama dibandingkan dengan proses penyembuhan untuk kasus pasien rawat inap dan rawat jalan. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan konsep tahapan komunikasi terapeutik yaitu fase pra-interaksi, fase orientasi, fase kerja dan fase terminasi. Menggunakan teori manajemen privasi komunikasi dari Sandra Petronio. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dalam pengambilan sampelnya. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 4 orang bidan sebagai informan pokok dan 3 orang pasien sebagai informan pendukung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari fase 1) Pra-Interaksi, masa persiapan atau sebelum berinteraksi, bidan terlebih dahulu bertugas mengumpulkan informasi dari data tentang pasien              , dari fase 2) Orientasi, tahapan dimana perkenalan diri oleh bidan agar nantinya dapat menimbulkan rasa percaya, mengalihkan pikiran, serta merumuskan tujuan bersama. Untuk fase 3) Kerja, tahapan bagaimana bidan dituntut untuk dapat menganalisa dengan tinggi sehingga dapat mengeksplorasi,         mendengarkan dengan aktif serta, dapat memfokuskan dan menyimpulkan apa saja yang sudah disampaikan oleh pasien. Untuk fase 4) Terminasi, tahapan akhir dalam komunikasi terapeutik dan akhir dari pertemuan antara pasien dengan bidan, disini hendaknya bidan dapat memberikan semangat dan meningkatkan hal yang sudah diajarkan sehingga komunikasi bidan dengan pasien disini dapat terjalin  dengan baik.
Kata Kunci : Komunikasi Terapeutik, Bidan, Pasien, Konseling KB
The histone demethylase Kdm5 controls Hid-induced cell death in Drosophila
Authors: Herz Hans-Martin , Bergmann Andreas
Published: November 2024

We conducted an EMS mutagenesis screen on chromosome arm 2L to identify recessive suppressors of GMR-hid-induced apoptosis in the Drosophila eye. Through this screen, we recovered three alleles of the lysine demethylase gene Kdm5. Kdm5, a member of the JmjC-domain-containing protein family, possesses histone demethylase activity towards H3K4me3. Our data suggest that Kdm5 specifically regulates Hid-induced cell death during development, as we did not observe control of Reaper- or Grim-induced cell death by Kdm5. Interestingly, GMR-hid-induced apoptosis is suppressed independently of Kdm5’s demethylase activity. Our findings indicate that Rbf and dMyc are necessary for Kdm5 mosaics to suppress GMR-hid-induced cell death. Moreover, Kdm5 mosaics failed to suppress apoptosis induced by a mutant form of Hid that is resistant to inhibition by Erk-type MAPK activity. Additionally, Kdm5 dominantly enhances the wing phenotype of an activated MAPK mutant. These results collectively suggest that Kdm5 controls Hid-induced apoptosis by regulating the Rbf, dMyc, and MAPK pathways.
Forced MyD88 signaling in microglia impacts the production and survival of regenerated retinal neurons
Authors: Rumford Jordan E. , Grieshaber Ailis , Lewiston Samantha , Reed Jordan L. , Long Samuel S. , Mitchell Diana M.
Published: November 2024

Inflammation and microglia appear to be key factors influencing the outcome of retinal regeneration following acute retinal damage. Despite such findings, direct connection of microglia-specific inflammatory factors as drivers of regenerative responses in the retina are still not defined, and intracellular pathways activated to stimulate such signals from microglia are currently unknown. We became interested in MyD88 regulation in microglia because transcriptomic datasets suggest myd88 could be regulated temporally in zebrafish microglia responding to damage in the central nervous system. MyD88 is an intracellular molecular adaptor that initiates signaling cascades downstream of several innate immune receptors, and probably most well-known for inducing gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Using zebrafish, which spontaneously regenerate retinal neurons after acute retinal damage, we studied the effects of overactivation of MyD88 signaling in microglia and macrophages on the Müller glia-mediated regenerative response. Our results indicate that increased MyD88 signaling in microglia/macrophages impacts the initial response of Müller glia entering a regenerative response after acute, neurotoxin-induced retinal damage to inner retinal neurons. In addition, increased MyD88 signaling in microglia/macrophages resulted in reduced survival of inner retinal neurons in regenerated retinas. This work supports the idea that temporal control of inflammatory signaling is a key component in the production of MG-derived progenitors yet further indicates that such control is important for differentiation and survival of regenerated neurons.
Association between a novel inflammation-lipid composite marker CRP/HDL and erectile dysfunction: evidence from a large national cross-sectional study
Authors: Mei Yangyang , Chen Yiming , Zhang Bo , Xia Wei , Shao Naiyuan , Feng Xingliang
Published: November 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common male sexual disorders, closely associated with both inflammation and lipid dysregulation. Recently, a novel inflammation-lipid composite marker, CRP/HDL, has been proposed to integrate the impact of both pathways on health, yet its relationship with ED remains unexplored. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the potential association between the CRP/HDL ratio and ED.

Methods

We utilized data from the NHANES database, known for its comprehensive and high-quality information. A total of 3,633 eligible participants from the 2001-2004 cycles were included. ED was assessed using a single-item questionnaire, while CRP and HDL were measured from blood samples. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between CRP/HDL and ED after adjusting for potential confounders. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results, and the linear trend between CRP/HDL and ED was visualized through smooth curve fitting.

Results

Among the 3,633 participants, 1,027 had a history of ED. The CRP/HDL ratio was significantly higher in participants with ED compared to those without (10.53 ± 0.69 vs. 7.43 ± 0.35, P<0.001). In the regression analysis, a higher continuous CRP/HDL ratio was significantly associated with increased ED risk even after full adjustment (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.30; P = 0.01). Compared to Q1 of the CRP/HDL ratio, participants in Q2, Q3, and Q4 had progressively higher ED risks: Q2 (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.95; P = 0.05), Q3 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.27; P = 0.02), and Q4 (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.60; P = 0.005), showing a clear linear trend. Subgroup analyses indicated consistent results across various populations with no significant interactions, and sensitivity analysis revealed that the CRP/HDL ratio also increased the risk of severe ED (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.26; P = 0.02).

Conclusion

This is the first study to establish a significant positive association between an elevated CRP/HDL ratio and ED risk, suggesting its potential role in screening for ED risk and guiding timely interventions. However, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Effects of second language learning conditions along the implicit/explicit continuum: an extension of Ishikawa (2019)
Authors: Ishikawa Keiichi
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effects of learning the morphological rules of a second language under various learning conditions along the implicit/explicit continuum. It compared outcomes between learners under the attentional (required to attend to targets) and intentional (required to search for rules) conditions and under the incidental and explicit conditions immediately after exposure and after 1 week. The study also assessed the nature of acquired knowledge using subjective measures of awareness during the testing phases and post-experimental verbal reports. The results demonstrated similar learning effects across the four groups of learners immediately after the learning phase, whereas only intentional learners outperformed incidental learners after one week. The participants developed conscious and unconscious knowledge irrespective of being attentive or intentional during the learning phase. The outcomes of oral production tasks illustrated that knowledge acquired through exposure did not manifest as productive knowledge. The study discussed the results in terms of learning conditions along the continuum of implicitness and explicitness.
Research on adaptive dimming management methods for intelligent lighting systems in port traffic based on ocean weather perception
Authors: Jiang Haoyu , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhang Zeguo , Ji Jiacheng
Published: November 2024

In challenging visibility conditions, the reliability of existing port lighting systems is significantly affected by abrupt changes in environmental factors (primarily stemming from ocean weather). This study proposes a cloud-edge collaborative dimming model that integrates a combined filter, enabling dynamic adaptation to these weather variations to ensure the stability of the lighting system. Additionally, the application of edge computing not only alleviates computational pressure but also facilitates the model’s ability to achieve effective regional adaptive dimming in accordance with environmental regulations. Experimental results indicate that this method is suitable for scenarios with unknown mutations under extreme conditions, providing a more reliable and intelligent solution for port lighting systems within the Internet of Things (IoT) framework.
Corticosteroids combined with infliximab vs. corticosteroids sequential infliximab for acute severe ulcerative colitis with mucosal deficiency: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Xue Xianmin , Zhu Xiaojing , Liu Jun , Shi Yongquan , Chen Min
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Mucosal deficiency is one of the most challenging conditions in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). Intravenous corticosteroids (CS) are the first-line treatment, with infliximab (IFX) used as a rescue therapy. However, the efficacy remains unsatisfactory. We investigated whether CS combined with IFX as first-line therapy would improve outcomes in patients with ASUC with mucosal deficiency.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary inflammatory bowel disease center. The primary outcomes included clinical remission, endoscopic improvement, and endoscopic remission at week 14. The secondary outcomes included the colectomy rate within 90 days and durable clinical remission.

Results

A total of 43 patients with ASUC with mucosal deficiency were included in the analysis (25 in the CS combined with the IFX group and 18 in the CS sequential IFX group). At week 14, endoscopic improvement was observed in 21 of 25 patients (84.0%) receiving the CS combined with the IFX regimen, compared to 9 of 18 (50.0%) patients receiving the CS sequential IFX regimen (p = 0.017). Durable clinical remission rates were significantly higher in the combined group than in the sequential group (85.7% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical and endoscopic remission at week 14 or colectomy rate within 90 days. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the CS combined with the IFX regimen was an independent predictive factor for a higher endoscopic improvement rate at week 14 (odds ratio (OR) 8.428, 95%confidence interval (CI) 1.539–46.153, p = 0.014) and a higher durable clinical remission rate (OR 10.800, 95%CI 2.095–55.666, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

CS combined with IFX as first-line therapy may be an effective induction strategy in patients with ASUC with mucosal deficiency. Further large-scale, multicenter prospective studies are needed.
Microscopic and molecular detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in outpatients seeking medical care in Upper Egypt
Authors: El-kareem Nasser Mohamed Abd , Dyab Ahmed Kamal , Albalawi Nada Oudah , El Samea Abdalla Abd , Taha Mohamed Ahmed Ali , AlQadeeb Hajar , Gareh Ahmed , Hiekal Elham Adel , Alzaylaee Hind , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Trichomoniasis remains one of the most significant sexually transmitted disease (STDs) for public health. The disease is caused by parasitic protozoa, Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), which is often underestimated in tropical medicine. Despite its public health importance, the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of trichomoniasis in Egypt remains poorly understood, particularly in the southern part of the country (Upper Egypt). This study targeted exploring the genetic variability of T. vaginalis infections in Egyptian women living in Upper Egypt using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Patient and techniques

This cross-sectional study included 150 female patients, who visited the gynaecology and obstetrics outpatient clinics at Sohag General Hospital between 2019 and 2022, exhibiting symptoms of trichomoniasis. Vaginal washout samples were collected from each patient and analyzed using three diagnostic techniques: direct wet mount microscopy, culture on TYM Diamond’s medium, and PCR amplification and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeting the actin gene, which was applied to all 16 samples that tested positive in culture. The PCR-RFLP results were then visualized through agarose gels electrophoresis to detect DNA fragments.

Results

Out of 150 vaginal washout samples, 12 cases (8%) tested positive for T. vaginalis trophozoites via direct wet mount microscopy, while 16 samples (10.6%) were positive in culture. Additionally, PCR-RFLP analysis of the 16 culture-positive samples revealed that 13 samples were confirmed positive using this molecular method. The amplified products were digested with the restriction enzyme Hind II, yielding three DNA fragments of 60, 213, and 827 bp, which were then detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Digestion with RsaI produced five fragments measuring 87, 103/106, 236, and 568 bp, while MseI digestion resulted in three distinct fragments of 204, 315, and 581 bp.

Conclusion

This study provides robust baseline data on the prevalence and microscopic characteristics of T. vaginalis in Upper Egypt, while also presenting, for the first time, molecular detection and genotyping and revealed that genotype E is the only prevalent genotype in the region.
Trends in the application of metal Nanobiomaterials in cancer therapy clinical trials
Authors: Yun Zhengcheng , Wei Junfan
Published: November 2024

Background

Cancer is recognized as a major public health problem worldwide, which brings a large number of deaths and serious economic burden. Traditional cancer treatments generally have problems such as limited application, large side effects, and drug resistance. With the rise of nanomedicine technology, its unique advantages in precision drug delivery, imaging sensitivity, assisted drug release, and enhanced drug properties have brought new hope to cancer patients. These therapies, including photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and immunotherapy, use various nanoparticles such as gold and iron-oxide to improve targeted treatment and reduce side effects. The increasing interest in sustainable NP production and safety concerns has driven new research into biocompatible and eco-friendly methods. This study aims to analyze the current research status and global trends in cancer therapy using nanoparticles through a bibliometric analysis.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for publications related to NP-based cancer therapies from January 1995 to December 2023. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using using Bibliometrix Online Analysis Platform, HistCite Pro 2.1, VOSviewer version 1.6.20 and RStudio version 4.3.1, covering metrics like the number of publications, citations, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords.

Results

A total of 452 articles published in 233 journals. The number of publications on clinical cancer therapy with metal Nanomaterials has shown consistent annual growth. China and Chinese Academy of Sciences were the leading country and institution contributing to this field, respectively. The most prolific author was Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi, and Biomaterials was the most prolific journal. Key research hotspots identified include keywords such as “gold nanoparticles”, “delivery”, “drug delivery,” “green synthesis,” and “cytotoxicity.”

Conclusion

This is one of the first studies to perform a bibliometric analysis and visualization of publications onclinical cancer therapy with metal Nanomaterials, offering valuable insights for researchers. Future studies should focus on enhancing the efficacy, biocompatibility, and sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles, with an emphasis on their use in personalized medicine and photodynamic therapy.
The impact of ultra-processed foods and unprocessed or minimally processed foods on the quality of life among adolescents: a longitudinal study from China
Authors: Yang Yuke , Gao Yan , Yi Xiangren , Hu Yining , Zhao Liangyu , Chen Lu , Sui Wenze , Zhang Shuoqin , Ma Sen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between ultra-processed foods (UPF), unprocessed or minimally processed foods (UMFs) with the quality of life (QoL) in Chinese adolescents.

Methods

The study included a baseline survey in 2021 (T1) and a follow-up survey in 2022 (T2), with a total of 3,206 participants, including 1,510 males (Age ± SE: 13.62 ± 1.69) and 1,696 females (Age ± SE: 14.09 ± 1.85). QoL was measured using the Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents. All adolescents were asked to recall the foods they had eaten in the past week, which was classified using the NOVA system.

Results

Instant noodles, sugary drinks, and fried foods had a negative impact on adolescents’ QoL. Snacks or desserts only had a negative impact on the girls’ QoL. However, processed meats had a positive impact on the QoL of all adolescents. Fast food was beneficial for girls’ QoL. Fruits had a positive impact on the QoL of all adolescents. Green leafy vegetables, red and orange vegetables, fish, shrimp, or other seafood had a positive impact on the QoL of girls. Fresh poultry, pork, beef, and other meats had a positive impact on boys’ QoL. Soy products were detrimental to girls’ QoL. Tubers had a negative impact on boys’ QoL. Potatoes had a negative effect on the all adolescents’ QoL.

Discussion

This study further expands the understanding of the relationship between UPF, UMFs, and QoL. It provides new insights and evidence for improving the QoL of adolescents.
Association between polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and estradiol levels among U.S. women
Authors: Guo Lange , Nan Yukui , Liang Kangni , Yao Lizhong , Li Jiuzhi
Published: November 2024

Background

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. However, research on the relationship between PUFA intake and estradiol levels is limited. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary PUFA intake and estradiol levels in women in the United States.

Method

Data on PUFA intake and estradiol levels were drawn from the 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for women aged 20 and older. UFA intake was assessed through 24-h dietary interviews, while serum estradiol levels were measured using isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC–MS/MS). Weighted logistic regression models adjusted for covariates were used to analyze the relationship between PUFA intake and estradiol levels. The inflection point of the non-linear relationship between intake of PUFAs and estradiol levels was determined by threshold effects analysis, and a two-part regression model was developed at the inflection point.

Result

Weighted multivariate linear regressions showed positive associations between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) intake and estradiol levels. Even in the fully adjusted model, EPA intake remained positively associated with estradiol levels in the menopausal (β = 78.08, 95% CI: 33.58, 122.58; p = 0.0006), non-menopausal (β = 287.61, 95% CI: 177.29, 397.94; p < 0.0001), and total-participant groups (β = 208.38, 95% CI: 139.81, 276.95; p < 0.0001), and DPA intake remained positively associated with estradiol levels in the non-menopausal (β = 318.87, 95% CI: 28.93, 608.82; p = 0.0313) and total-participant groups (β = 208.03, 95% CI: 22.89, 393.18; p = 0.0277). In the two-part regression model, EPA intake greater than 0.09 (p < 0.0001) and DPA intake greater than 0.05 (p = 0.0033) were positively associated with estradiol levels in non-menopausal women.

Conclusion

This study suggests that higher intake of EPA and DPA in non-menopausal women is associated with increased estradiol levels. These findings support the importance of dietary components in regulating female reproductive health and hormone levels.
Clinicopathological significance and prognostic values of claudin18.2 expression in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Park Gyerim , Park Se Jun , Kim Younghoon
Published: November 2024

Objective

Claudin18.2 has been established as a putative therapeutic target in human solid malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine claudin18.2 expression as a clinicopathological and prognostic factor in human solid tumors through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles were systematically reviewed for studies that included the correlation between claudin18.2 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis in solid tumors. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate either odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of clinicopathological factors or hazard ratio and 95% CIs of survival outcomes for claudin18.2 expression in all available solid tumors.

Results

21 studies including 5,331 patients were identified. Overall proportion of claudin18.2 positivity was 29.7%. Analyses of clinicopathological features demonstrated that claudin18.2 positivity correlated with male predominance, lower T stage, more frequent MUC5AC positivity when all primary tumors included. In subgroup analysis, gastric cancer showed significant correlation between high claudin18.2 expression and frequent EBV infection, male predominance and lower T stage. In lung cancer, claudin18.2 expression was associated with favorable overall survival. However, analyses of survival outcomes in all solid tumors showed that claudin18.2 expression was not associated with overall survival and pooled disease-free survival, tumor-specific survival, progression-free survival and relapse-free survival.

Conclusions

Our study emphasizes evaluation of claudin18.2 expression as a potential prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma and further exploration in other solid tumors as well.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023468651.
Exploring machine learning algorithms to predict acute respiratory tract infection and identify its determinants among children under five in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Yehuala Tirualem Zeleke , Fente Bezawit Melak , Wubante Sisay Maru , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen
Published: November 2024

Background

The primary cause of death for children under the age of five is acute respiratory infections (ARI). Early predicting acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) and identifying their predictors using supervised machine learning algorithms is the most effective way to save the lives of millions of children. Hence, this study aimed to predict acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) and identify their determinants using the current state-of-the-art machine learning models.

Methods

We used the most recent demographic and health survey (DHS) dataset from 36 Sub-Saharan African countries collected between 2005 and 2022. Python software was used for data processing and machine learning model building. We employed five machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest, Decision Tree (DT), XGBoost, Logistic Regression (LR), and Naive Bayes, to analyze risk factors associated with ARI and predict ARI in children. We evaluated the predictive models’ performance using performance assessment criteria such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the AUC curve.

Result

In this study, 75,827 children under five were used in the final analysis. Among the proposed machine learning models, random forest performed best overall in the proposed classifier, with an accuracy of 96.40%, precision of 87.9%, F-measure of 82.8%, ROC curve of 94%, and recall of 78%. Naïve Bayes accuracy has also achieved the least classification with accuracy (87.53%), precision (67%), F-score (48%), ROC curve (82%), and recall (53%). The most significant determinants of preventing acute respiratory tract infection among under five children were having been breastfed, having ever been vaccinated, having media exposure, having no diarrhea in the last two weeks, and giving birth in a health facility. These were associated positively with the outcome variable.

Conclusion

According to this study, children who didn't take vaccinations had weakened immune systems and were highly affected by ARIs in Sub-Saharan Africa. The random forest machine learning model provides greater predictive power for estimating acute respiratory infections and identifying risk factors. This leads to a recommendation for policy direction to reduce infant mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Fetal gestational age prediction via shape descriptors of cortical development
Authors: Ciceri Tommaso , Squarcina Letizia , Bertoldo Alessandra , Brambilla Paolo , Melzi Simone , Peruzzo Denis
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Gyrification is the intricate process through which the mammalian cerebral cortex develops its characteristic pattern of sulci and gyri. Monitoring gyrification provides valuable insights into brain development and identifies potential abnormalities at an early stage. This study analyzes the cortical structure in neurotypical and pathological (spina bifida) fetuses using various shape descriptors to shed light on the gyrification process during pregnancy.

Methods

We compare morphometric properties encoded by commonly used scalar point-wise curvature-based signatures—such as mean curvature (H), Gaussian curvature (K), shape index (SI), and curvedness (C)—with multidimensional point-wise shape signatures, including spectral geometry processing methods like the Heat Kernel Signature (HKS) and Wave Kernel Signature (WKS), as well as the Signature of Histograms of Orientations (SHOT), which combines histogram and signature techniques. These latter signatures originate from computer graphics techniques and are rarely applied in the medical field. We propose a novel technique to derive a global descriptor from a given point-wise signature, obtaining GHKS, GWKS, and GSHOT. The extracted signatures are then evaluated using Support Vector Regression (SVR)-based algorithms to predict fetal gestational age (GA).

Results

GSHOT better encodes the GA to other global multidimensional point-wise shape signatures (GHKS, GWKS) and commonly used scalar point-wise curvature-based signatures (C, H, K, SI, FI), achieving a prediction R2 of 0.89 and a mean absolute error of 6 days in neurotypical fetuses, and a R2 of 0.64 and a mean absolute error of 10 days in pathological fetuses.

Conclusion

GSHOT provides researchers with an advanced tool to capture more nuanced aspects of fetal brain development and, specifically, of the gyrification process.
Predictive analytics in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: past, present, and future
Authors: McOmber Bryan G. , Moreira Alvaro G. , Kirkman Kelsey , Acosta Sebastian , Rusin Craig , Shivanna Binoy
Published: November 2024

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant complication of prematurity, impacting approximately 18,000 infants annually in the United States. Advances in neonatal care have not reduced BPD, and its management is challenged by the rising survival of extremely premature infants and the variability in clinical practices. Leveraging statistical and machine learning techniques, predictive analytics can enhance BPD management by utilizing large clinical datasets to predict individual patient outcomes. This review explores the foundations and applications of predictive analytics in the context of BPD, examining commonly used data sources, modeling techniques, and metrics for model evaluation. We also highlight bioinformatics’ potential role in understanding BPD's molecular basis and discuss case studies demonstrating the use of machine learning models for risk prediction and prognosis in neonates. Challenges such as data bias, model complexity, and ethical considerations are outlined, along with strategies to address these issues. Future directions for advancing the integration of predictive analytics into clinical practice include improving model interpretability, expanding data sharing and interoperability, and aligning predictive models with precision medicine goals. By overcoming current challenges, predictive analytics holds promise for transforming neonatal care and providing personalized interventions for infants at risk of BPD.
Chemical characterization, assessment of acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive potential of the methanolic extract of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott leaves from Brazil
Authors: Costa Wellington Junior Taisho Nagahama , Coelho Leticia Prazeres de Farias , Tembra Alan Luz , Monteiro Rayan Fidel Martins , Almeida Jose Ramon Gama , Lima Klinsmann Thiago , Botelho Anderson de Santana , Batista Raimundo Junior da Rocha , Freitas Jofre Jacob da Silva , Pinheiro Wandson Braamcamp de Souza , Oliveira Fabiola Raquel Tenorio , Oliveira Karen Renata Herculano Matos , Lima Anderson Bentes de , Amarante Cristine Bastos do , Bastos Gilmara de Nazareth Tavares
Published: November 2024

Background

Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott is popularly known as “aninga,” “aningaçu,” “aningaíba,” and “aninga-do-igapó.” Compresses and plasters made from the leaves of this medicinal plant are used to treat abscesses, tumors, and pain caused by stingray stings.

Aim of the study

This study aimed to chemically characterize the methanolic extract of M. linifera leaves (MEMLL), as well as to verify their acute oral toxicity and antinociceptive potential.

Materials and methods

The leaves were collected during the rainy season, and the methanolic extract was obtained after gradient extraction using different solvents. MEMLL was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Acute oral toxicity testing followed the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 423. Subsequently, acetic acid, hot plate, and formalin tests were used to evaluate the analgesic effects.

Results

In the chemical characterization of MEMLL by HPLC, three flavonoids were identified: rutin, quercetin, and epicatechin. In addition, when NMR spectroscopy was performed, rutin and quercetin were again identified, as well as the chemical compounds luteolin and chrysoeriol. In the acute oral toxicity test, MEMLL showed no physiological or behavioral changes. In the nociceptive study, MEMLL showed an effect at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg in the 0.6% acetic acid test, i.e., 51.46% and 75.08%, respectively. In the hot plate test, the MEMLL group at a dose of 50 mg/kg was effective at times of 30 and 60 min, i.e., 164.43% and 122.95%, respectively. Similarly, the MEMLL group at a dose of 100 mg/kg was also effective in increasing latency at times of 30 and 60 min, i.e., 162.62% and 136.68%, respectively. In the formalin test, MEMLL showed an antinociceptive effect on neurogenic pain at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg when compared to the control group, 35.25% and 52.30%, respectively. In the inflammatory phase, inhibition was observed in the MEMLL at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.e., 66.39% and 72.15%, respectively.

Conclusion

MEMLL has analgesic properties and is non-toxic, validating the Brazilian ethnopharmacological use of this plant for pain treatment. The leaves of the species M. linifera showed central and peripheral antinociceptive effects.
A phantom study on the applicability of a detectability index in ultrasound imaging
Authors: Songsaeng Chatsuda , Köhrer Johannes , Ortner Markus , Zalka Lukas , Salomon Elisabeth , Huber Sten , Homolka Peter , Kollmann Christian , Figl Michael , Hummel Johann
Published: November 2024

The assessment of clinical image quality on ultrasound is currently often subjective. While image quality factors such as contrast response or depth of penetration can be evaluated semi-automatically, the evaluation of high contrast resolution requires test objects with specific inserts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of image quality metrics which were derived from Linear System Theory in the field of medical ultrasound imaging. Modular Transfer Function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) were determined on four phantoms. Image quality was assessed using a detectability index for different diameters. One phantom contained a cylinder filled with water, which appears as a circle in the US images. The other three phantoms were homogeneous and consisted of three different materials all based on PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). The basic phantom material was a 10% PVA hydrogel. The two other materials included microplastic spheres and starch to increase echogeneity. NPS and the MTF were determined using MATLAB routines. Two linear US transducers with bandwidths of 2.4–10 and 4–15 MHz were used to show the dependence of the index on the principal frequency of the US wave. The results show that for all phantom materials and object sizes (1–10 mm diameter), the detectability indices decreased with increasing penetration depth (from 6 to 10 cm). In addition, all indices of the higher frequency transducer were higher than those of the lower frequency transducer. When comparing the different phantom materials (PVA, PVA with starch and PVA with microspheres), different mean pixel value (MPV) were found, while the standard deviations for the materials were similar. This enabled us to evaluate the detectability index at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Measures of image homogeneity (coefficient of the variance and variation) showed no significant difference to a commercial phantom (p-values ranging from 0.16 to 1, average p-value 0.5). These results suggest that the concept of a detectability index can also be applied to US imaging.
Effect of a transtheoretical model-based intervention and motivational interviewing on hyperphosphatemia management via telehealth (TMT program) among hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Thongsunti Arrom , Silpakit Chatchawan , Rattananupong Thanapoom , Kittanamongkolchai Wonngarm , Sumethpimolchai Warangkana , Lohsoonthorn Vitool
Published: November 2024

Background

Hyperphosphatemia poses a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Non-adherence to phosphate binders and a low-phosphate diet behavior contribute to this issue. Leveraging psychological and behavior change theories has proven effective in addressing many health risks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face communication was limited, and telehealth served as a bridge to address healthcare gaps. This study aimed to determine the effect of a transtheoretical model-based intervention and motivational interviewing on hyperphosphatemia management via telehealth (TMT program) among hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

A two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial with assessors blinding involved 80 participants who were stratified block-randomized into either the TMT program group (n = 40) or the control group (Usual care; n = 40). Linear regression was used to compare the two groups on serum phosphorus levels, knowledge of hyperphosphatemia management, and dietary consumption behavior at the 24-week endpoint. The readiness to change (stage of change), self-efficacy, and phosphate binder adherence were assessed using Fisher’s test.

Result

The TMT program demonstrated a significant reduction in serum phosphorus levels compared to usual care (mean difference = −1.03, 95% CI = −1.77, −0.29). Additionally, improvement in dietary consumption behavior related to phosphorus-containing foods was also observed (mean difference = 13.48, 95% CI = 8.41, 18.57). Positive effects emerged in the readiness to change (p < 0.001), self-efficacy in the appropriate use of phosphate binders (p = 0.025), and adherence to phosphate binders (p = 0.001) at the 24-week endpoint. However, groups did not differ in knowledge of hyperphosphatemia management (mean difference = 7.02, 95% CI = −1.03, 15.07).

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that the TMT program has positive effects on reducing serum phosphorus levels, providing a hyperphosphatemia management strategy for ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis via telehealth.

Clinical trial registration

TCTR20230628003, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org.
Professional and public views about early return of patients from Comprehensive Stroke Centers to local Acute Stroke Centers in England following displacement by emergency care pathways
Authors: Price Chris , Zhu Becky , Alton Abigail , Ford Gary A. , James Martin , McClelland Graham , White Phil , Shaw Lisa
Published: November 2024

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy is a highly effective emergency treatment for selected cases of ischemic stroke but can only be provided at hospitals with appropriate facilities and interventionists. Many patients require transfers for treatment, including some who are subsequently considered ineligible. To maintain capacity at thrombectomy centers, displaced patients should soon be returned to their local hospital following assessment and treatment, but return processes vary. We sought the views of stroke and ambulance services, clinicians, and public representatives about the timing, planning and implementation of acceptable processes to inform recommendations about the early return of patients (< 24 h) displaced as a result of thrombectomy pathways.

Methods

Three workstreams were undertaken between 01/05/2023 and 31/10/2023: 1. An online survey of hospital stroke services supplemented by a convenience poll of stroke clinicians. 2. An online survey of ambulance services. 3. Focus groups with stroke patients and carers using a topic guide describing typical early return scenarios. The surveys used multiple choice answers supplemented by free text boxes for additional comments. Data were reported descriptively without statistical comparison. Focus group data were analyzed thematically using emergent coding.

Results

Responses were obtained from 32 stroke services, 44 stroke clinicians, and 11 ambulance services. Stroke service and clinician respondents generally supported early return for most clinical scenarios but advised caution regarding transfers < 4 h after thrombectomy and < 24 h for hemorrhagic stroke due to the higher risk of complications. Ambulance respondents highlighted travel time, immediate service pressures and crew type as influences upon providing early returns, but supported 24/7 provision. Twenty-nine patients and four carers participated in three focus groups. There was general acceptance of early return processes but these participants emphasized the need for clear communication and individualized decisions based upon clinical status, age, journey length, patient preferences and individual contextual factors.

Conclusions

All contributors were generally supportive of early patient returns to maintain thrombectomy center capacity, but the results suggest important organizational, clinical, and patient-focused considerations for successful implementation.