bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous compound eye camera for dual-scale imaging in a large field of view
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhang Shuangshuang , Liao Wuxia , Xu Wenbin , Wang Taisheng , Zhang Hongxin , Shi Chengyong
Published: November 2022

Multi-scale imaging with large field of view is pivotal for fast motion detection and target identification. However, existing single camera systems are difficult to achieve snapshot multi-scale imaging with large field of view. To solve this problem, we propose a design method for heterogeneous compound eye, and fabricate a prototype of heterogeneous compound eye camera (HeCECam). This prototype which consists of a heterogeneous compound eye array, an optical relay system and a CMOS sensor, is capable of dual-scale imaging in large field of view (360°×141°). The heterogeneous compound eye array is composed of 31 wide-angle (WA) subeyes and 226 high-definition (HD) subeyes. An optical relay system is introduced to re-image the curved focal surface formed by the heterogeneous compound eye array on a CMOS sensor, resulting in a heterogeneous compound eye image containing dual-scale subimages. To verify the imaging characteristics of this prototype, a series of experiments, such as large field of view imaging, imaging performance, and real-world scene imaging, were conducted. The experiment results show that this prototype can achieve dual-scale imaging in large field of view and has excellent imaging performance. This makes the HeCECam has great potential for UAV navigation, wide-area surveillance, and location tracking, and paves the way for the practical use of bio-inspired compound eye cameras.
Assessment of factors related to individuals who were never treated during mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Ambon City, Indonesia
Authors: Titaley Christiana Rialine , Worrell Caitlin M. , Ariawan Iwan , Taihuttu Yuniasih M. J. , de Lima Filda , Naz Sazia F. , Que Bertha J. , Krentel Alison
Published: November 2022

Background

One challenge to achieving Lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination is the persistent coverage-compliance gap during annual mass drug administration (MDA) and the risk of ongoing transmission among never treated individuals. Our analysis examined factors associated with individuals who were never treated during MDA.

Methods

Data were derived from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Waihaong and Air Salobar Health Center in 2018 and 2019. We analyzed information from 1915 respondents aged 18 years or above. The study outcome was individuals who self-reported never treatment during any round of MDA. All potential predictors were grouped into socio-demographic, health system, therapy and individual factors. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with never treatment in any year of MDA.

Results

Nearly half (42%) of respondents self-reported they were never treated during any round of MDA. Factors associated with increased odds of never treatment were respondents working in formal sectors (aOR = 1.75, p = 0.040), living in the catchment area of Waihaong Health Center (aOR = 2.33, p = 0.029), and those perceiving the possibility of adverse events after swallowing LF drugs (aOR = 2.86, p<0.001). Respondents reporting difficulty swallowing all the drugs (aOR = 3.12, p<0.001) and having difficulties remembering the time to swallow the drugs (aOR = 1.53, p = 0.049) also had an increased odds of never treatment. The highest odds of never treatment were associated with respondents reporting almost none of their family members took LF drugs (aOR = 3.93, p<0.001). Respondents confident that they knew how to swallow LF drugs had a reduced odds (aOR = 0.26, p<0.001) of never treatment.

Conclusions

Efforts to reassure community members about adverse events, specific instructions on how to take LF drugs, and improving awareness that MDA participation is part of one’s contribution to promoting community health are essential drivers for uptake with LF drugs during MDA.
Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): Progression of pathology during infection
Authors: Lakin Hilary Ann , Tavalire Hannah , Sakamoto Kaori , Buss Peter , Miller Michele , Budischak Sarah A. , Raum Kristina , Ezenwa Vanessa O. , Beechler Brianna , Jolles Anna
Published: November 2022

Background

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic disease of global importance endemic in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in sub-Saharan Africa. Zoonotic tuberculosis is a disease of global importance, accounting for over 12,000 deaths annually. Cattle affected with BTB have been proposed as a model for the study of human tuberculosis, more closely resembling the localization and progression of lesions in controlled studies than murine models. If disease in African buffalo progresses similarly to experimentally infected cattle, they may serve as a model, both for human tuberculosis and cattle BTB, in a natural environment.

Methodology/Principal findings

We utilized a herd of African buffalo that were captured, fitted with radio collars, and tested for BTB twice annually during a 4-year-cohort study. At the end of the project, BTB positive buffalo were culled, and necropsies performed. Here we describe the pathologic progression of BTB over time in African buffalo, utilizing gross and histological methods. We found that BTB in buffalo follows a pattern of infection like that seen in experimental studies of cattle. BTB localizes to the lymph nodes of the respiratory tract first, beginning with the retropharyngeal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, gradually increasing in lymph nodes affected over time. At 36 months, rate of spread to additional lymph nodes sharply increases. The lung lesions follow a similar pattern, progressing slowly, then accelerating their progression at 36 months post infection. Lastly, a genetic marker that correlated to risk of M. bovis infection in previous studies was marginally associated with BTB progression. Buffalo with at least one risk allele at this locus tended to progress faster, with more lung necrosis.

Conclusions/Significance

The progression of disease in the African buffalo mirrors the progression found in experimental cattle models, offering insight into BTB and the interaction with its host in the context of naturally varying environments, host, and pathogen populations.
The future of digital donation crowdfunding
Authors: Sirisawat Siriphong , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Kiattisin Supaporn , Treepongkaruna Sirimon
Published: November 2022

Amidst the Coronavirus crisis, many fundraising projects have emerged to relieve financial burdens resulting from social distancing policies. Crowdfunding is a way to raise money to fund a business, project or charity, through either social media or other online platforms to reach hundreds of potential sponsors. We developed guidelines for effective donation-based crowdfunding through online platforms. Using Futures Research (FR) technique, we conducted our analyses in 3 phases. In Phase 1, we reviewed relevant literature and conducted in-depth interviews of related parties. In Phase 2, we interviewed experts using Ethnographic Futures Research (EFR) technique. In Phase 3, we visualized the future using the principles of Futures Wheel, Cross-impact Matrix and Scenarios. Based on our findings, effective donation-based crowdfunding platforms should adopt Blockchain technology for transparency and accountability, and incentivize donations to keep backers loyal. Founders should be required to obtain fundraising licenses from relevant regulators. Finally, laws and regulations that protect platform users should be standardized internationally. Our proposed guidelines hope to improve the quality and transparency of future fundraising activities.
Association of social determinants of health with frailty, cognitive impairment, and self-rated health among older adults
Authors: Tan Vanessa , Chen Cynthia , Merchant Reshma Aziz
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives

Recently, the role of social determinants of health on frailty and dementia has received increased attention. The aim of the present study is to explore the association of social determinants on cognitive impairment, frailty, and self-rated health. As health is influenced by many factors, we also examine other health determinants including lifestyle, health seeking behaviour, socio-demographics, and multimorbidity in the analysis.

Research design and methods

Cross-sectional analysis of the Healthy Older People Everyday (HOPE) study in Singapore was carried out on 998 older adults above the age of 65. We used forward stepwise multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses to assess the association of five health determinants (social determinants, lifestyle, health seeking behaviour, socio-demographics and multimorbidity) on frailty, cognitive impairment, and self-rated health.

Results

Mean age of participants was 71.1 ± 0.2 years; 154 (15.4%) were cognitively impaired; 430 (43.1%) were pre-frail or frail; mean self-rated health was 80.4 ± 15.6. Social determinants contributed between 29% to 57% of the overall variation found in the full model with all five health determinants adjusted for. Participants with higher education had significantly lower odds of cognitive impairment and frailty. Leisure physical activity was significantly associated with lower odds of frailty and cognitive impairment, and better self-rated health.

Discussion and implications

Understanding the dynamics of different health determinants is crucial to protect the vulnerable in an ageing population. Our study highlights the need for a multidimensional, multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach in the prevention of frailty, cognitive impairment, and associated disability.
From growers to patients: Multi-stakeholder views on the use of, and access to medicinal cannabis in Australia
Authors: Erku Daniel , Greenwood Lisa-Marie , Graham Myfanwy , Hallinan Christine Mary , Bartschi Jessica G. , Renaud Elianne , Scuffham Paul
Published: November 2022

Background

Patient interest in the use of cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) has increased in Australia. While recent policy and legislative changes have enabled health practitioners to prescribe CBMs for their patients, many patients still struggle to access CBMs. This paper employed a thematic analysis to submissions made to a 2019 Australian government inquiry into current barriers of patient access to medical cannabis.

Methods

We identified 121 submissions from patients or family members (n = 63), government bodies (n = 5), non-government organisations (i.e., professional health bodies, charities, consumer organisations or advocacy groups; n = 25), medical cannabis and pharmaceutical industry (n = 16), and individual health professionals, academics, or research centres (n = 12). Data were coded using NVivo 12 software and thematically analysed. The findings were presented narratively using a modified Levesque’s patient-centred access to care framework which includes: i) appropriateness; ii) availability and geographic accessibility; iii) acceptability; and iv) affordability.

Results

Submissions from government agencies and professional health bodies consistently supported maintaining the current regulatory frameworks and access pathways, whereas an overwhelming majority of patients, advocacy groups and the medical cannabis industry described the current regulatory and access models as ‘not fit for purpose’. These differing views seem to arise from divergent persepctives on (i) what and how much evidence is needed for policy and practice, and (ii) how patients should be given access to medical cannabis products amidst empirical uncertainty. Notwithstanding these differences, there were commonalities among some stakeholders regarding the various supply, regulatory, legislative, financial, and dispensing challenges that hindered timely access to CBMs.

Conclusions

Progress in addressing the fundamental barriers that determine if and how a patient accesses and uses CBMs needs i) a ‘system-level’ reform that gives due consideration to the geographic disparity in access to prescribers and medical cannabis, and ii) reframing societal and health professional’s views of CBMs by decoupling recreational vs medical cannabis.
The effectiveness of scenario-based virtual laboratory simulations to improve learning outcomes and scientific report writing skills
Authors: Al-nakhle Hakeemah
Published: November 2022

The use of virtual laboratory simulations in various disciplines, which provide important educational benefits, has increased. Several studies show that laboratory activities, including scenario-based virtual laboratory simulation (SB-VLS), stimulate cognitive and non-cognitive skills. However, the effects of the SB-VLS when integrated into molecular biology courses, on the development of cognitive skills, such as scientific report writing skills, remain unexplored. A pre-post-test, randomized, quasi-experimental design was used. Thirty-five female students were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. The control group (n = 17) attended a traditional lecture and video lab demonstration (VLD), while the experimental group (n = 18) participated in SB-VLS on molecular cloning. Findings revealed statistically significant differences, with large effects sizes in the SB-VLS group between pre- and post-test in intrinsic motivation (2.9 vs 3.86, p = 0.042, Cohen’s d = 4.17), self-efficacy (3.31 vs 3.85, p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 1.071), and knowledge gain scales (50.93 vs 75.93, p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.46). Moreover, between-group effect sizes of the experimental and control groups were also large for intrinsic motivation (dppc2 = 1.441), self-efficacy (dppc2 = 0.766), and knowledge (dppc2 = 1.147), indicating that the effect of the SB-VLS was significant, which may be due to the activities and techniques used in SB-VLS to develop learning outcomes. Additionally, the SB-VLS group had statistically better lab report scores as compared to the control group (3.92 vs. 4.72, p < 0.0001). Collectively, our data show that SB-VLS is an innovative teaching strategy and an effective tool for developing non-cognitive and cognitive skills, especially scientific report writing skills.
Establishing the relationship between non-human primates and mangrove forests at the global, national, and local scales
Authors: Hamilton Stuart E. , Presotto Andrea , Lembo Arthur J.
Published: November 2022

Global and spatially explicit information about the interaction between habitat and wildlife species is critical to enhancing conservation efforts. Despite the recognized importance of mangrove forests to non-human primates, the relationship between the two lacks understanding. To counter this, we created the MangPrim-21 database to map and measure the locations of interactions between all non-human primates and all mangrove forests globally. We report our findings across the global, national, and local scales for all inventoried non-human primates and all inventoried mangrove forests. Globally, we find that half of all non-primates potentially use mangrove forests, and more than half of the global mangrove forest falls within the delineated range of at least one non-human primate species. Nationally, we find that Indonesia, Madagascar, Brazil, Cameroon, and Malaysia likely have the most non-human primate and mangrove forest interactions. At the subnational level, we find that several discrete locations in Kalimantan are critical to both mangrove forests and non-human primates. The MangPrim-21 database provides a globally consistent and locally applicable database of non-human primate and mangrove forest interactions. The results presented have broader implications for non-human primate and mangrove conservation and global actions to protect both. Additionally, our results raise questions about the idea that non-human primates primarily use mangrove forests as a refuge from human encroachment and habitat degradation.
Clinical questions in primary care: Where to find the answers - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Viegas Dias Catarina , Jasmins Clara , Rodrigues David , Heleno Bruno
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Clinicians raise at least one question for every two patients they see, but search for an answer to less than half of these questions, and rarely use evidence-based resources. One barrier to evidence-based practice is doubt that the search would yield an answer, and we found insufficient evidence to refute this concern. This study aims to identify what proportion of clinical questions in primary care can be answered with online evidence-based practice resources, and what proportion of these can be answered with pre-appraised evidence.

Materials and methods

Cross-sectional study in two primary care practices. The inclusion criteria were family doctors, generalists and residents working in 2 selected practices. We collected a total of 238 questions from 19 family medicine specialists, 9 family medicine residents and 3 generalist doctors. Doctors were asked to record any clinical question that arose during 4 days of appointments. The primary outcome was the proportion of clinical questions answered with online evidence-based practice resources. The secondary outcome was the level of evidence needed to reach to find the answers (clinical summaries, systematic guidelines, systematic reviews or primary studies), according to Haynes’ pre-appraised evidence pyramid model.

Results

191 of the 206 valid clinical questions could be answered with online evidence-based practice resources (92.7% [95% CI 88.3%-95.9%]). Most of these questions (90.8% CI 95% 85.9%-94.4%) were successfully answered using clinical summaries (BMJ Best Practice, DynaMed or UpToDate), with a median search time of 4 minutes (range 1–16.5).

Conclusions

Contrary to clinician’s beliefs, the majority of clinical questions can be answered with online evidence-based practice resources, and most of them with pre-appraised evidence. This study could encourage family doctors to increase the use of clinical summaries. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance of teaching how to search for and apply pre-appraised evidence.
Co-existing obstructive sleep apnea reduces Nuss surgery efficacy in pectus excavatum
Authors: Huang Yi-Chih , Cheng Yeung-Leung , Su Wen-Lin , Lan Chou-Chin , Wu Yao-Kuang , Yang Mei-Chen
Published: November 2022

Nuss surgery is effective in correcting pectus excavatum (PE), with a recurrence rate of 1.2–27%. Re-do surgery is successful but still has a 6% failure rate. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience repetitive PE-associated sternal depression during sleep. As the prevalence of OSA among PE patients is higher than the average, co-existing OSA in PE patients might negatively affect the efficacy of Nuss surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of co-existing OSA on Nuss surgery in patients with PE. In total, 20 adult patients with PE only and 9 patients with PE and OSA were analyzed. Polysomnography was performed before Nuss surgery to evaluate OSA. Sternovertebral distance (SVD) and radiographic Haller index (RHI) were recorded before surgery and at 3, 6, and 24 months postoperatively. The results showed that percentage changes in SVD in patients with PE only at 3, 6, and 24 months postoperatively were significantly increased compared with those in the patients with PE and OSA (31.1% vs. 14.1% at 3 months; 37.5% vs. 21.4% at 6 months; 42.5% vs. 19.2% at 24 months). Meanwhile, percentage changes in RHI were significantly lower in patients with PE alone than in the patients with PE and OSA (-22.9% vs. -9.3% at 3 months; -27.9% vs. -18.7% at 6 months; -30.6% vs. -16.7% at 24 months). This study showed that co-existing OSA might reduce the efficacy of Nuss surgery for patients with PE. We recommend that patients with PE should be evaluated and treated for OSA before surgery to prevent surgical failure after bar removal.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender (LGBT) cultural competency across the intersectionalities of gender identity, sexual orientation, and race among healthcare professionals
Authors: Nowaskie Dustin Z. , Najam Sidrah
Published: November 2022

Background

There is some data regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) cultural competency among healthcare professionals. While few studies have indicated differences in competency between heterosexual and sexual minority professionals, no known studies have assessed LGBT cultural competency among diverse groups with multiple minority identities. This study aimed to characterize healthcare professionals’ LGBT cultural competency by comparing twelve different demographically diverse healthcare professional groups based on gender identity, sexual orientation, and race.

Methods

Deidentified data (N = 2254) was aggregated from three independent studies (i.e., healthcare professional students, psychiatry residents, and dementia care providers). A series of multivariate analyses of covariance were conducted with groups (based on gender identity, sexual orientation, and race), other demographic variables as independent variables, and LGBT-Development of Clinical Skills Scale scores (Overall LGBT-DOCSS, Clinical Preparedness, Attitudinal Awareness, and Basic Knowledge) as dependent variables.

Findings

Compared to men, women reported significantly higher LGBT-DOCSS scores, except significantly lower Clinical Preparedness. Compared to cisgender, heterosexual professionals, cisgender, sexual minority professionals and gender minority professionals reported significantly higher LGBT-DOCSS scores. There were several other differences among groups, such as heterosexual, cisgender, White/Caucasian men reporting low LGBT-DOCSS scores but high Clinical Preparedness; heterosexual, cisgender, White/Caucasian women with high LGBT-DOCSS scores except Clinical Preparedness; heterosexual, racial minority professionals with low LGBT-DOCSS scores; and gender, sexual, and racial minority professionals with the highest LGBT-DOCSS scores.

Conclusions

There are subtle, yet important, differences in LGBT cultural competency among healthcare professionals. More diversity, intersectionality, and multiple minority identities appear to lead to higher competency. Appreciating these gender, sexual, and racial minority professionals’ unique perspectives may promote the development of better, more culturally affirming LGBT health education.
Rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and blood metabolites of cattle receiving dietetical phytobiotic and cobalt (II) chloride
Authors: Ryazanov Vitaliy , Duskaev Galimzhan , Sheida Elena , Nurzhanov Baer , Kurilkina Marina
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Ensuring the genetic potential of ruminants through nutrition studies using medicinal plants and trace element metals is an urgent task. This study aimed to study the effect of Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae) herb plant separately and in combination with cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) chelate compounds on the course of metabolic processes in the rumen, methane concentration, and biochemical blood parameters in bulls.

Materials and Methods: Control group (BD: Basal diet); experimental Group I – BD + A. absinthium herb at a dose of 2.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), experimental Group II – BD + A. absinthium herb at a dose of 2.0 g/kg DM + CoCl2 (1.5 mg/kg), and experimental Group III – BD + CoCl2 were set (1.5 mg/kg). The study was conducted on 16 beef bulls (Kazakh white-headed breed) aged 13–14 months, with an average live weight of 330–335 kg. Enzymatic processes in the rumen were studied, including the level of volatile fatty acids (using the gas chromatography method), nitrogen and its fractions (using the Kjeldahl method), methane concentration, and morphological and biochemical blood composition.

Results: There was a decrease in the concentration of acetic acid in experimental group I (15.9%) (p < 0.05) and in the III group (60.3%) and propionic acid in all experimental groups by 5.6%–47.3% (p < 0.05). Feeding A. absinthium herb as part of the diet of experimental Group I contributed to a decrease in methane concentration by 17.8% (p = 0.05) and the lowest methane concentration was noted for experimental Group III. It was less than in control by 59.1% (p < 0.05). An increase in the concentration of glucose, total protein, and creatinine was found in the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The digestibility of organic matter (3.5%), crude fiber (3.6%), and hemicellulose (11.0%) increased with the feeding of A. absinthium herb.

Conclusion: Thus, using biocomplexes based on A. absinthium herb and CoCl2 do not harm the rumen fermentation of cattle. Still, further microbiome studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. absinthium on cattle properly.
Book Reports
Authors: Mason Stephen
Published: November 2022

Book reports
Editorial
Authors: Mason Stephen
Published: November 2022

Editorial Vol 18: 2021
A guerra cultural bolsonarista e as disputas pela história recente
Authors: Patto Sá Motta Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

Narrativas sobre a história são elementos essenciais nos processos de constituição das comunidades políticas, por isso mesmo elas são objeto de conflito entre os grupos que disputam o poder político. Nos últimos anos, os conflitos em torno da história recente do Brasil tornaram-se particularmente acirrados, graças ao giro à direita e à emergência do bolsonarismo. O propósito principal deste artigo é analisar as iniciativas dos grupos de direita autoritária (especialmente, mas não apenas os bolsonaristas) para dominar a história da ditadura militar, o que se tornou um objetivo estratégico em sua guerra cultural na busca por hegemonia política. No final do artigo, analisa-se como esse processo implica alguns desafios também para as reflexões sobre a epistemologia da História.
Justificando el golpe chileno. La manipulación del pasado en las intervenciones políticas e historiográficas de Gonzalo Vial
Authors: Casals Araya Marcelo Andrés , Villar Gorka
Published: November 2022

Este artículo analiza el devenir político-historiográfico por el que transitó el historiador conservador Gonzalo Vial para justificar el golpe de Estado de 1973 en Chile. El principal hito al respecto fue su participación en el Libro Blanco del cambio de gobierno en Chile, una de las más destacadas operaciones de manipulación histórica para legitimar a la dictadura militar. Proponemos que Vial utilizó la misma matriz interpretativa para justificar el golpe de Estado y la represión posterior tanto en sus intervenciones políticas como en producción historiográfica anterior y posterior a 1973. Dicha interpretación se basó en principios constantes a lo largo de todo este período: la tesis de la decadencia sostenida de la nación, la ruptura de los consensos y la inminencia de una guerra civil. Ese tipo de discursos legitimadores del golpe lograron proyección pública no sólo a través de su obra periodística e historiográfica, sino también en instancias estatales particularmente sensibles como la llamada Comisión Rettig. De esa manera, a la manipulación inicial le siguió una racionalización intelectual que no renunció al objetivo de justificar históricamente la existencia de la dictadura militar.
El “gran empresario” y los “valientes jóvenes”. Las disputas por el pasado en México, septiembre-octubre de 2019
Authors: Santiago Jiménez Mario Virgilio
Published: November 2022

El texto se concentra en la polémica desarrollada durante 2019 respecto al secuestro fallido en 1973 del empresario Eugenio Garza Sada ejecutado por integrantes de la organización político-militar Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre. El fenómeno es analizado como campo de disputa entre historia y memoria y, por tanto, como ejemplo de los usos políticos del pasado a partir de intereses del presente. Se argumenta que no fue una pugna entre dos memorias sino un complejo entramado de narrativas, símbolos, significados y temáticas enmarcados por condiciones de posibilidad particulares.
1924. Napalpí y la república negadora. Un expediente judicial como estrategia de poder
Authors: Jasinski Alejandro
Published: November 2022

La masacre de indígenas que tuvo lugar en la Reducción de Indios de Napalpí, sur del Territorio Nacional del Chaco, en 1924, es una de las más aberrantes de la historia argentina. Por las condiciones laborales y reproductivas en que se encontraban las comunidades indígenas, por el proceso histórico que las llevó a esta penosa situación, por el brutal procedimiento represivo y, fundamentalmente, por la estrategia concertada de negación estatal de los hechos. Este artículo recorre con minuciosidad un documento particular, un expediente llevado adelante por la justicia letrada chaquense, y trata de descubrir el diálogo existente con su contexto, recorriendo las actitudes de los aparatos represivo, político y jurídico. Un siglo más tarde, otro proceso judicial ha reconocido aquel antecedente como parte de una estrategia destinada “a negar y encubrir la matanza”, en el marco de un proceso de genocidio.
La Columna Mariscal López del Partido Comunista Paraguayo. Apuntes sobre su emergencia, composición social, y las respuestas del régimen stronista ante el desafío insurgente (1958-1970)
Authors: Montero Mariano Damián
Published: November 2022

Las menciones e informaciones sobre la Columna Mariscal López —guerrilla rural del Partido Comunista Paraguayo activa durante los años sesenta— son escasas y prácticamente no existen trabajos académicos sobre la misma. El presente artículo se propone establecer una primera aproximación sobre los motivos de su emergencia en base a las características de su composición social —tanto de sus miembros activos como de sus puntos de apoyo— y a las zonas geográficas en las que tuvo influencia. A través de métodos cuantitativos, cualitativos e interpretativos sobre los archivos de la represión, se analizan los factores objetivos que incidieron en su articulación y permanencia por el espacio de una década y las respuestas de la dictadura de Alfredo Stroessner a su desafío insurgente.
Las causas judiciales como herramientas para indagar el rol de la Justicia Federal en Tucumán y su complicidad con el accionar represivo de las Fuerzas Armadas (1975-1983)
Authors: Bolsi Francisco
Published: November 2022

En el último cuarto del siglo XX, se instauraron una serie de dictaduras militares en los países de Cono Sur de América Latina, que implementaron el Terrorismo de Estado, como herramienta para disciplinar y controlar a la población. Recuperada la democracia, en algunos países, los familiares de los desaparecidos se organizaron a fin de pedir justicia por las víctimas. De este proceso, no estuvo exenta la Justicia que tuvo que atravesar transformaciones para adecuarse al nuevo contexto vinculado a la incorporación de los Derechos Humanos en la legislación internacional y su adaptación a la jurisprudencia nacional de cada país, motivo por el cual no solo fueron juzgados los militares sino también los cómplices civiles –jueces, empresarios, sacerdotes– que acompañaron u ocultaron información referida al proceso represivo. 

Por este motivo, el propósito de este trabajo es analizar el rol de la Justicia Federal en Tucumán entre 1975 y 1983 a partir del estudio de diversos casos vinculados con militantes políticos, las formas en que fueron caratuladas sus causas, la violación de sus derechos constitucionales, su incorporación a los circuitos clandestinos de detención y la complicidad con el aparato represivo. Para ello, se tomará como eje de análisis tres causas judiciales, Romero Niklison y sus denuncias; Manlio Torcuato Martínez y su denuncia y la Megacausa Operativo Independencia, a partir de las cuales se reconstruirá el rol de la justicia en el período seleccionado.
El movimiento estudiantil de regreso a las calles. Movilizaciones durante los años finales de la Dictadura en Argentina (1981-1983)
Authors: Seia Guadalupe Andrea
Published: November 2022

Durante los llamados global sixties, numerosas ciudades fueron testigo de levantamientos de trabajadores y estudiantes contra la dictadura de la autodenominada “Revolución Argentina” (1966-1973). Las organizaciones estudiantiles retornaron al espacio público luego de varios años de militancia clandestina bajo la dictadura del autodenominado “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional” (1976-1983). El movimiento estudiantil demandaba el fin de las restricciones al ingreso universitario y de los aranceles impuestos, así como también la legalidad de sus organizaciones. Desde 1981, desarrollaron movilizaciones callejeras en varias ciudades del país como Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Plata y Rosario. En cada ciudad las experiencias fueron particulares, e incluso, lograron diferentes resultados. En este artículo analizamos dichas movilizaciones, así como también las respuestas de las autoridades locales, universitarias y nacionales.
Reseña del libro: "Las derechas argentinas en el siglo XX. De la era de las masas a la Guerra Fría", coordinado por Ernesto Bohoslavsky, Olga Echeverría y Martín Vicente
Authors: Sampaño Mariano José
Published: November 2022

Esta reseña del libro Las derechas argentinas en el siglo XX da cuenta del trabajo de los diferentes autores sobre diversos tópicos y épocas históricas en los cuales se desarrollaron las corrientes político-ideológicas de la derecha en la Argentina.
Reseña del libro: "Villas en Dictadura: Córdoba, Rosario y Buenos Aires", coordinado por Valeria Snitcofsky, Eva Camelli y Adriana Massidda
Authors: Citroni Julieta
Published: November 2022

Tres ciudades (Córdoba, Rosario y Buenos Aires) y tres tópicos (erradicaciones, resistencia y tejido social) recorren los nueve trabajos que reunieron Valeria Snitcofsky, Eva Camelli y Adriana Massidda para reflexionar acerca de las villas y sus habitantes durante la última dictadura militar argentina. En las páginas que siguen, se presenta una lectura reseñada de esta obra colectiva reciente y necesaria, que se propone comenzar a llenar un espacio de análisis vacante.
Lectocomprensión en inglés: análisis de prácticas de enseñanza en el nivel universitario
Authors: Furno María Alejandra
Published: November 2022

La aplicación contextualizada de las teorías didácticas de las lenguas es menester en el trabajo docente cuando se pretende una práctica consistente con resultados favorables. Desde la perspectiva del enfoque de enseñanza conocido como Inglés con Propósitos Específicos (ESP, en inglés) se describió detalladamente dos cursos de inglés en carreras de humanidades (profesorados) y se especificó sus características para realizar un análisis comparativo entre la práctica áulica y la teoría didáctica de las lenguas. Dichos cursos fueron observados de comienzo a fin por un cuatrimestre permitiendo así analizar los componentes didácticos, desde los objetivos hasta la evaluación. El análisis mostró inconsistencias al interior de los componentes didácticos, así como también incongruencias con los modelos de lectura y los enfoques de enseñanza de inglés. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de la congruencia en las decisiones teóricas por parte de los docentes para un proceso de aprendizaje óptimo.
El colectivo Actrices Argentinas: feminismo, identidad política y mediatización
Authors: Moreno Barreneche Sebastián
Published: November 2022

Desde una perspectiva semiótica, el artículo estudia las intersecciones entre feminismo, identidad política y mediatización a partir del caso del colectivo Actrices Argentinas, una agrupación feminista integrada por actrices y figuras mediáticas que fue creada en abril de 2018 en el contexto de la votación legislativa que tuvo lugar en Argentina sobre la despenalización de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Con un foco en la construcción discursiva de identidades colectivas en el campo político, el artículo estudia cómo el colectivo Actrices Argentinas tomó forma y se posicionó en la esfera pública argentina mediante el empleo de un conjunto de estrategias discursivas que oscilan entre la articulación de discursos preexistentes y la construcción de una identidad en términos diferenciales.
Synthesis of MCM-41 Silica Mesoporous Modified with Zn Metal
Authors: Samriani Samriani , Zakir Muhammad , Taba Paulina , La Nafie Nursiah , Indriani Iin
Published: November 2022

MCM-41 and Zn-MCM-41 were successfully synthesized using hydrothermal and impregnation methods. The synthesized silica mesoporous was confirmed by characterizing the material using XRD, SEM-EDS, and BET-BJH analyses. XRD results showed three main peaks at angles of 2θ = 2.40° (100), 3.87° (200), and 4.49° (210), which are characteristics of mesoporous materials with hexagonal structures. SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of Zn-modified MCM-41 formed aggregates of smaller particles. The EDS results showed that the amount of Zn in MCM-41 was 1.25%. Modification with Zn metal also affected the surface area and porosity of MCM-41, where the surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter decreased. Based on the adsorption-desorption analysis of N2 gas, both materials exhibit a type IV isotherm typical for mesoporous materials with an H1 hysteresis loop.
Functional inequalities and applications to doubly nonlinear diffusion equations
Authors: Chlebicka Iwona , Simonov Nikita
Published: November 2022

We study weighted inequalities of Hardy and Hardy–Poincaré type and find necessary and sufficient conditions on the weights so that the considered inequalities hold. Examples with the optimal constants are shown. Such inequalities are then used to quantify the convergence rate of solutions to doubly nonlinear fast diffusion equation towards the Barenblatt profile.
Konformismus statt Reflexion? Nicht-intendierte Effekte antisemitismuskritischer Bildung
Authors: Schubert Kai E.
Published: November 2022

Education is possibly the profession most frequently addressed with expectations of dealing with contemporary forms of antisemitism. However, the topic is not prominently discussed in the field of didactics and teachers report of feelings of overburdening, dealing especially with forms of antisemitism relating to the State of Israel and the Middle East Conflict. These forms are the most controversial variations of antisemitism and also the ones often not mentioned and also not interpreted and responded appropriately. The paper argues for a stronger awareness of non-intended effects of education on antisemitism. It shows their relevance focussing three exemplary contexts regarding spontaneous interventions to antisemitic statements as well as pedagogic concepts represented in published documents. Without a profound understanding of antisemitism as a complex phenomenon with specific patterns, awareness for possible non-intended effects can hardly be reached.
A Posteriori Error Estimates for Darcy–Forchheimer’s Problem
Authors: Sayah Toni , Semaan Georges , Triki Faouzi
Published: November 2022

This work deals with the a posteriori error estimates for the Darcy–Forchheimer problem.
We first introduce the corresponding variational formulation for the nonlinear problem and discretize it by using the finite-element method. We then
propose a linear iterative scheme to solve the nonlinear variational problem
for a fixed mesh step. Finally, a posteriori error estimate with two types of computable error indicators is showed. The first one is linked to the linearization and the second one to the discretization.
Numerical computations are performed to show the effectiveness of the derived error indicators.
Hitting estimates on Einstein manifolds and applications
Authors: Choi Beomjun , Haslhofer Robert
Published: November 2022

We generalize
the Benjamini–Pemantle–Peres estimate relating hitting probability and Martin capacity to the setting of manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below. As applications we obtain: (1) a sharp estimate for the probability that Brownian motion comes close to the high curvature part of a Ricci-flat manifold, (2) a proof of an unpublished theorem of Naber that every noncollapsed limit of Ricci-flat manifolds is a weak solution of the Einstein equations, (3) an effective intersection estimate for two independent Brownian motions on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and positive asymptotic volume ratio. We also obtain generalizations of (1) and (2) for the manifolds with two-sided Ricci bounds and Einstein manifolds with nonzero Einstein constant.
Narrative identity of the possible author: a tertiary narrativization of Chinese realist art of the 1950s–1990s
Authors: Duan Lian
Published: November 2022

From a narratological perspective, this essay reinterprets the development of Chinese realist art under Western influence in the second half of the twentieth century and explores the narrative issue of the possible author that is transformed from the integral reader. As a crucial response to Western influence, realist art in China developed from imitating to appropriating Western art and continued from taking inspiration from Western art to participating in the international arena of conceptual art with certain renovations. In this essay, the narratological notion of “possible author” is proposed to discuss the issue of narrative identity. While some scholars declared the death of the reader, this essay introduces a new reader to art historical narrative. This is a tertiary reader that transforms into a possible author who re-narrates the story of art history in the possible space between the secondary narration and tertiary narrativization. In this space, the three layers of the first-hand fabula, secondary narration, and tertiary narrativization work together in defining the possible author’s narrative identity as re-interpretive and critical.
Decoding multimodal resources in the master–disciple interactions of Chinese Zen Buddhism
Authors: Huang Lihe , Qu Huiyu
Published: November 2022

Over its long period of development, Zen Buddhism in ancient China has adopted a unique method of enlightenment for the direct individual understanding of the Buddha-nature in the interaction between Zen masters and their disciples, instead of merely depending on written classics or oral teaching, which constitutes so-called “independence-from-words.” Communication between monks in Zen is a process of multimodal interaction, in which many different semiotic modes are included, for example strikes, roars, gestures, foot-poses, body poses, and image drawings. Meditation and understanding in Zen demand an interpretation of these multimodal cues in the interaction. Therefore, multimodal discourse analysis may serve as a novel perspective for analysing Zen modes of enlightenment, since MDA attaches great importance to various semiotic channels besides language. This paper aims to present how Zen masters flexibly utilized multimodal resources in enlightenment, starting from an introduction to the traditional understanding of multimodality in ancient China and how the interpretation of Zen can benefit from its analysis through the lens of MDA.
Death, enemies, and illness: How English and Russian metaphorically conceptualise boredom
Authors: Glynn Dylan , Biryukova Avgustina
Published: November 2022

This study seeks to develop quantified methods for the description of conceptual metaphors. The study examines the target concept of boredom in contemporary English and Russian. It aims to not only identify which metaphors are used in the two languages, but also how they are used. Using the qualitative-quantitative approach of ‘behavioural profiles’, the study examines comparable informal and personal written language in both cultures, revealing that the most frequent metaphoric conceptualisations of boredom are as death, as an enemy or as an illness. Moreover, the study also shows quantitatively that, despite shared metaphor structures across the languages, there is some difference in how they are used. Through these results, the study highlights that the description of conceptual metaphors needs to pay more attention to their use but also demonstrates the importance of quantitative tools for those usage descriptions.
Cognitive Linguistics meets multilingual language acquisition: What pattern identification can tell us
Authors: Hartmann Stefan , Koch Nikolas , Quick Antje Endesfelder
Published: November 2022

The usage-based approach to first language acquisition has become highly influential in research on first language acquisition. In recent research, it has also been adapted to account for language contact phenomena in multilingual first language acquisition, i.e. in situations in which children acquire two or more languages simultaneously. In this paper, we give a brief overview over these developments, summarize some first major results of this research program, and discuss remaining open questions and challenges. In particular, we review a number of studies that have used the traceback method, previously established in research on monolingual acquisition, to identify recurrent patterns in the early language of multilingual children, especially in their code-mixing, i.e. the use of more than one language in one utterance. We argue that the usage-based approach can help to shed light on some of the open questions in research in multilingual acquisition, especially as it is highly compatible with other prominent concepts in current research on multilingualism, and that it provides us with the methodological toolkit that is needed to investigate language contact phenomena in a data-driven way.
Analytical approach in higher predict residual error on MHD mixed convective motion of MoS2 engine-oil based nanofluid
Authors: Munjam Shankar Rao , Khan M. Ijaz , Sharma Ram Prakash , Seshadri Rajeswari , Bafakeeh Omar T. , Malik M. Y.
Published: November 2022

We obtain the clean semi-analytical solutions with method of directly defining inverse mapping (MDDiM) to the system of nonlinear equations arising in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection motion of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) engine-oil intrinsic nanofluid in a circumnavigatethe structure is considered for analysis. Finding the solutions by using MDDiM is a novel idea and first time solving for the system of nonlinear partial differential equations. We have chosen inverse linear mapping for the five-term solution and it emphasizes by residual error and this gives the low error (10−2 to 10−17) and can easily derive deformation terms by spending very low CPU time. Based on the proposed method, the convergence rate, accuracy, and efficiency of the governing equations are demonstrated, and result outputs shown in tabular and graphically, which exhibit meaningful structures and advantages in science and engineering.
Qualification and quantification of plasma cell-free DNA after long-term storage conditions in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): a pilot study
Authors: Bozkurt Aliseydi , Gürbüzel Mehmet , Sayar Ilyas , Baydeniz Soner , Arslan Yusuf Kemal
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Free DNA is used as a cancer biomarker due to its low cost, high applicability, and fast, reliable results compared to invasive methods. This study aimed to evaluate the quantification of plasma-free DNA after long-term storage conditions and perform qualification through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screening based on this DNA.

Methods

Plasma-free DNA samples were quickly isolated from the peripheral blood of both the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and control group participants and then maintained at −80 °C for four years. Upon thawing, first, free DNA was purified and fluorometric measurements were taken to determine the amount of DNA. Subsequently, the rs6983267, rs12628, and rs1799939 SNPs were screened in the CCAT2, HRAS, and RET genes, respectively.

Results

Significant results were obtained from the fluorometric measurements in terms of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in SNPs rs6983267, rs12628, and rs1799939 in the BPH group compared to the healthy individuals.

Conclusions

The data show that fluorometric ssDNA measurements are suitable for quantifying free DNA. The fact that SNP screening can be done successfully in both healthy people and BPH patients suggests that plasma-free DNA can be stored in the laboratory under appropriate conditions.