bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19: A systems perspective on opportunities for better health outcomes
Authors: Morgan Michelle J.
Published: September 2022

COVID‐19 has disrupted social and spatial life. In this work, I argue that such disruption provides an opportunity for all tiers of government to reassess collective priorities and reorient societal goals to work towards better health outcomes for all. I offer a systems thinking perspective to show how societal goals such as economic growth are supported by “system rules” created by governments—the same rules largely responsible for prevailing inequities and preventable chronic, noncommunicable diseases and conditions. The work is significant because it shows how the disruption caused by COVID‐19 changed deep system leverage points, highlighting places inside governmental systems susceptible and acceptable to change and revealing how systems can be reoriented. It draws on empirical data from one subnational jurisdiction of Australia. Specifically, in late 2020, 81 Tasmanian local government personnel shared views on diverse governmental changes made in response to the pandemic. Most participants wanted those changes to continue because of their net benefits to health and social, economic, and environmental outcomes more broadly. They expressed overwhelming support for actions to improve the social determinants of health and communicable and noncommunicable disease prevention and management. I conclude that unless such efforts for change continue, poor health outcomes and health inequities are likely to be exacerbated and argue that a shared systems goal to create a wellbeing economy could reorient systems to achieve better health outcomes for all.
Competition or collaboration in regional Australia? A cross‐border and multi‐university approach to maximising rural health investments, community health and health workforce outcomes
Authors: White Danielle , Jones Debra , Harvey Pamela , Wright Fiona , Tarrant Laura , Hodgetts Louise , Allen Kristy , Oxford Steffanie , Mitcham Andrina , Livingstone Kendall
Published: September 2022

Aim

To describe the establishment of a cross‐border and multi‐university collaboration in rural Australia to mitigate potential competition, maximise Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training (RHMT) Programme investments and regional health workforce outcomes.

Context

Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training programme investments have enabled the establishment of 19 Australian University Departments of Rural Health (UDRH) and 17 Rural Clinical Schools. The importance of these investments is acknowledged. However, in regional settings, due to limited clinical placement and training opportunities, there is potential for heightened competition between universities who are operating within shared geographical footprints. Competition between universities risks focusing RHMT programme activity on individual reporting requirements and activities, in preference to: regional needs; existing community–university relationships; and place‐based approaches to health workforce development.

Participants

A rural New South Wales and Victorian RHMT‐funded departments, collectively known as the Sunraysia Collaboration.

Approach

Strategic and operational processes, structures and actions underpinning collaboration formation and relationship consolidation will be described. Co‐design methodologies employed to collectively define collaboration vision and aims, governance framework and guiding principles, reporting structures and co‐contributions to teaching, research and service will be discussed. Collaboration sensitivity to the social, cultural, relationship and economic connectedness within the region and existing health workforce flows will also be explored.

Conclusion

The Sunraysia collaboration demonstrates one approach towards mitigating potential competition between RHMT Programme funded universities within rural and remote Australia. The collaboration is an exemplar of co‐design in action providing an alternative approach to address RHMT Programme parameters and regional needs whilst supporting rural‐remote health workforce training and education innovations.
An Unsettled “Stranded Asset Debt”? Proposing a Supply‐Side Counterpart to the “Climate Debt” in a Bid to Guide a Just Transition from Fossil Fuels in South Africa and Beyond
Authors: Rempel Arthur
Published: September 2022

The reign of the fossil fuel empire must come to an end if the average global temperature rise is to be meaningfully capped. Accordingly, a myriad of financial and non‐financial stranded assets will be generated in the process. Ample research has explored the implications for a South African fossil transition from a domestic perspective, but a lacuna persists in linking South Africa’s fossil regime to broader international finance flows, and particularly the role that actors from the “global North” should play in phasing out South African fossil fuels. This research finds that such institutions have exacerbated South Africa’s prospective stranded asset exposure, and by doing so, have accrued a Stranded Asset Debt (SAD)—as a supply‐side counterpart to the demand‐side climate debt, which they have also accumulated—perhaps to the tune of at least several dozens of billions of dollars. Although the Paris Agreement is flawed, it embodies language that can be leveraged to settle the SAD “bill”.
Revisiting the inter‐rater reliability of drug treatment assessments according to the STOPP/START criteria
Authors: Parodi López Naldy , Belfrage Björn , Koldestam Anders , Lönnbro Johan , Svensson Staffan A. , Wallerstedt Susanna M.
Published: September 2022

Aims

The aim of this study is to revisit the inter‐rater reliability of drug treatment assessments according to the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP)/Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment (START) criteria.

Methods

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) were independently identified by two physicians in two cohorts of older people (I: 200 hip fracture patients, median age 85 years, STOPP/START version 1; II: 302 primary care patients, median age 74 years, STOPP/START version 2). Kappa statistics were used to evaluate inter‐rater agreement.

Results

In cohort I, a total of 782 PIMs/PPOs, related to 68 (78%) out of 87 criteria, were identified by at least one assessor, 500 (64%) of which were discordantly identified by the assessors, that is, by one assessor but not the other. For four STOPP criteria, all PIMs (n = 9) were concordantly identified. In cohort II, 955 PIMs/PPOs, related to 80 (70%) out of 114 criteria, were identified, 614 (64%) of which were discordantly identified. For three STOPP criteria, all PIMs (n = 3) were concordantly identified. For no START criterion, with ≥1 PPO identified, were all assessments concordant. The kappa value for PIM/PPO identification was 0.52 in both cohorts. In cohort II, the kappa was 0.37 when criteria regarding influenza and pneumococcal vaccines were excluded. Further analysis of discordantly identified PIMs/PPOs revealed methodological aspects of importance, including the data source used and criteria wording.

Conclusions

When the STOPP/START criteria are applied in PIM/PPO research, reliability seems to be an issue not encountered in previous reliability studies.
Re‐challenging chemotherapy after pembrolizumab in platinum‐refractory urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Uchimoto Taizo , Fukushima Tatsuo , Komura Kazumasa , Fukuokaya Wataru , Adachi Takahiro , Hashimoto Takeshi , Yoshizawa Atsuhiko , Nakamura Ko , Yano Yusuke , Nishimura Kazuki , Nishio Kyosuke , Nakamori Keita , Iwatani Kosuke , Yamamoto Shutaro , Urabe Fumihiko , Mori Keiichiro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Tsuduki Shunsuke , Takahara Kiyoshi , Inamoto Teruo , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Ohno Yoshio , Shiroki Ryoichi , Egawa Shin , Azuma Haruhito
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To assess the real‐world clinical benefit of re‐challenging chemotherapy after pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), as there have been several reports suggesting that programmed cell death protein‐1/programmed death‐ligand 1inhibitors can restore platinum sensitivity.

Patients and Methods

Of 236 patients treated with pembrolizumab, we excluded 45 patients who did not experience progressive disease (PD) for pembrolizumab during the follow‐up and 86 patients who discontinued pembrolizumab by the diagnosis of PD followed by the best supportive care. A total of 105 patients were identified for a logistic regression propensity score model to compare the survival outcomes between patients treated with continuing pembrolizumab (80) and re‐challenging chemotherapy (25) after the diagnosis of PD for pembrolizumab.

Results

A median overall survival (OS) from PD for pembrolizumab was 11 months in 105 patients. Of 25 patients treated with re‐challenging chemotherapy, platinum‐including chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin; gemcitabine/cisplatin/paclitaxel [GCP]; methotrexate and vinblastine and adriamycin and cisplatin; and methotrexate and carboplatin and vinblastine MCAVI) was offered in 20 patients (80%). The objective response rate (ORR) for the first‐line chemotherapy in the 105 patients was 30%, with a comparable ORR in 25 patients treated with re‐challenging chemotherapy of 28%. GCP as a re‐challenging regimen was offered in 12 of 25 (48%) patients. The ORR for the GCP regimen was 50%. Propensity score matching was performed using putative clinical factors, from which 34 patients were identified as pair‐matched groups. The OS for patients treated with re‐challenging chemotherapy was significantly longer than continuing pembrolizumab (a median of 13.9 and 5.8 months, respectively: P = 0.048).

Conclusion

Re‐challenging chemotherapy including platinum agents after PD with pembrolizumab offers clinical benefits in patients with mUC.
A narrow focus in research on emotional abuse: A scoping review of definitions and descriptions on emotional abuse in research on child welfare and social work
Authors: Ness Sigrid
Published: September 2022

Previous research argues that emotional abuse (EA) is not as well understood as other forms of abuse and that it poses a challenge to professionals concerned with the well‐being of children. The aim of this scoping review is to explore how EA is defined and described in peer‐reviewed studies in the context of child welfare and social work. The electronic databases PsycINFO, Web of Science, Social services abstract, Scopus and Medline were searched to identify studies. Twenty‐six recently published studies that provided a sufficient definition or description of EA were included in the review. Findings were analysed using thematic synthesis. The results indicate a varying and somewhat inconsistent terminology when labelling EA and that definitions and descriptions of EA mainly are gathered from quantitative research. Moreover, the results reveal a lack of research from the perspective of children and youth in contact with CWS and from child welfare workers. Such research may expand current knowledge of the definitions and descriptions on EA by providing a more nuanced understanding of how children and youth experience EA, and elaborate on their susceptibility and resilience in relation to their experiences of EA.
Patients' perceptions of the mechanisms underlying alcohol use problems after bariatric surgery: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Er Esin , Durieux Nancy , Vander Haegen Marie , Flahault Cécile , Etienne Anne‐Marie
Published: September 2022

Alcohol‐related problems increase after bariatric surgery. The objective of this review was to synthesize findings of qualitative studies on patients' perceptions of the mechanisms leading to problematic alcohol consumption after bariatric surgery. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic review of qualitative evidence. A comprehensive search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Google Scholar. Study selection, data extraction and critical appraisal of included studies were undertaken by two independent reviewers. Confidence in review findings was assessed using the ConQual approach. Four studies were included in this review and led to the development of four synthesized results: (1) persistence or reappearance of psychological problems after bariatric surgery; (2) using alcohol as a coping strategy, sometimes as a replacement for food; (3) changes in the physiological response to alcohol; and (4) importance of increased information about alcohol‐related risks and long‐term counselling. Confidence in the synthesized results ranged from moderate to low. The results indicated postoperative problematic alcohol consumption is a complex issue, involving psychological and physiological mechanisms. Several recommendations are formulated based on the results obtained. More qualitative and quantitative studies are needed to better understand this phenomenon given the few existing qualitative studies on this topic and some divergent results found between qualitative and previous quantitative research.
Inferior versus medial approach in laparoscopic colectomy with complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer: A propensity‐score‐matched analysis
Authors: Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Sakamoto Takashi , Mukai Toshiki , Nagasaki Toshiya , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Akiyoshi Takashi , Fukunaga Yosuke
Published: September 2022

Aim

In laparoscopic colectomy with complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer, either an inferior approach (IA) or a medial approach (MA) is selected in our institution based on the surgeon's preference. The present study compared the treatment outcomes between IA and MA.

Method

This retrospective, single‐centre study using propensity score matching analysed the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in patients with right‐sided colon cancer from 2010 to 2019 at Cancer Institute Hospital.

Results

After patient selection, 1011 patients remained for the analysis, of which 67% underwent IA surgery and 33% underwent MA surgery. After propensity score matching (1:1), 325 patients in each group were analysed. Regarding the short‐term outcomes, there were no significant differences in the operation time, rate of conversion to open surgery or postoperative complication rate (Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥ III) between the two groups, although the intra‐operative median blood loss was significantly less in the IA group than in the MA group (IA, 13 ml vs. MA, 20 ml, P < 0.0001). Regarding the long‐term outcomes, the relapse‐free survival, liver‐relapse‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival and overall survival were all similar between groups.

Conclusion

Both the IA and MA in laparoscopic colectomy with complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer are safe and feasible approaches; the IA may have an advantage over the MA in terms of reduced intra‐operative blood loss. Based on their similar oncological outcomes, either the IA or MA can be selected, based on one's preference.
Alcohol‐related brain damage: A mixed‐method evaluation of an online awareness‐raising programme for frontline care and support practitioners
Authors: Ward Rebecca , Roderique‐Davies Gareth , Hughes Harriet , Heirene Robert , Newstead Simon , John Bev
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Alcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD) is an umbrella term referring to the neurocognitive impairments caused by excessive and prolonged alcohol use and the associated nutritional deficiencies. This study evaluated the outcomes of an online research‐informed training program for ARBD which aimed to improve client outcomes by promoting support staff's awareness and confidence in working with clients who may have (or who are at risk of developing) the condition.

Methods

Staff working within a large non‐governmental non‐profit housing organisation (n = 883) enrolled in the training program. Questionnaires were used pre‐ and post‐training to collect self‐reported awareness of ARBD and confidence in supporting individuals with the condition. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 27 staff members approximately 10 weeks post‐completion of the program. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by employing qualitative content analysis.

Results

Findings from the questionnaires indicated a significant increase in all measures after completing the training program. Three main themes were developed based on the interview data: changes to awareness and understanding; professional practice; and training‐specific characteristics. Participants reported changes in their ability to identify potential service users with ARBD and confidence in doing so.

Discussion and Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that online training programs can be effective in improving support staff's ability to identify ARBD, potentially leading an increase in signposting service users to relevant services. The research‐informed nature of the training demonstrates that translating research findings directly to frontline workers can have a substantial impact and may improve outcomes for this client group.
Modelling pasture management practices for soil organic carbon gain in livestock systems
Authors: Schimpf Karen Gisele , Errecart Pedro Manuel , Canziani Graciela Ana
Published: September 2022

Our ability to develop strategies to mitigate climate change includes an understanding of, and our capacity to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in livestock systems. Here we assess the capability of the Sustainable Grazing System (SGS) Pasture Model for predicting pasture growth (elongated wheatgrass, Thinopyrum ponticum) and SOC accumulation in different environments and under a range of pasture management practices in hydrohalomorphic soils located in South‐eastern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. After Model calibration, aerial net primary productivity (ANPP) and TSOC content under two grazing intensities (7.5 and 11 cm post‐grazing target heights) and two N fertilization levels (0 and 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1) were simulated over a 10 year‐period. The SGS Pasture Model predicted 87% of the observed ANPP, with observed and predicted ANPPs averaging 1.46 and 1.42 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. There were differences in simulated ANPP between fertilized and unfertilized treatments both at high and low grazing intensities for the last year of the period. Total SOC contents from the modelling showed differences between high (83.7 to 84.2 Mg ha−1) and low (86.8 to 87.5 Mg ha−1) grazing intensities, with treatments receiving N also showing higher carbon stocks. The positive effect of reduced grazing intensity on soil carbon was explained by an increased input of aerial and subterranean dry matter into the soil. Sensitivity analysis showed that SGS is a robust model, capable of performing effectively under a variety of conditions. Hence, it can be used for exploring management practices to mitigate the impact of livestock systems on emissions and SOC stocks.
Overprint of secondary Du folding in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, SW Japan: Implications for strain ellipsoids and Paleogene tectonics of the east‐Eurasian margin
Authors: Aoya Mutsuki
Published: September 2022

Two contrasting results of strain analyses, constriction and flattening, are recognized in the Sambagawa high‐pressure/temperature metamorphic belt, SW Japan. An unverified proposal to account for this situation is that the constrictional strain ellipsoids develop only in areas where there is strong overprinting by a secondary Du‐phase folding after a penetrative Ds‐phase deformation. Field studies in the Hibihara district, central Shikoku, which is located between a southern constrictional region and a northern flattening region, reveal there is a map‐scale contrast in the effect of Du: outcrop‐scale Du upright folds are common in the southern region while they are rare in the northern region. Field measurements show that overall orientation of Ds strain is characterized by E–W stretching and vertical shortening, while that of Du strain is characterized by N–S shortening and vertical extension. The shortening caused by Du in the southern high‐Du‐strain regions estimated by the fold‐curve tracing method are down to about 70%–56% and by removing this Du shortening most of the constrictional strain ellipsoids are restored back to the flattening field with only a few exceptions, suggesting that pre‐Du strain states of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks were dominantly of the flattening type. These results support the previous ideas that invoke differences in the strength of Du overprinting for the two different types of strain ellipsoids observed in the Sambagawa belt. From a tectonic point of view, the semi‐penetrative occurrence of Du folds throughout the Sambagawa belt, which stretches about 800 km in SW Japan, suggests that the Du phase can be related to some ancient plate movement. The significant shortening subnormal to the orogen that characterizes Du may reflect a shift to orogen‐subnormal subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate at around 60 Ma.
Long‐term risk of death in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Kohorst John J. , Ghanavatian Shirin , Davis Mark D. P. , Weaver Amy L. , Schleck Cathy D. , Swanson David L.
Published: September 2022

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with substantial morbidity. Few studies have addressed the natural history and mortality rates associated with HS. A higher risk of cardiovascular death in patients with HS has been reported. We investigated whether patients with HS have an increased overall risk of death compared with age‐ and gender‐matched referents.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, with incident HS between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2008, and age‐ and gender‐matched referents. The main outcomes and measures were the overall and cause‐specific risks of death.

Results

We identified 226 incident cases of HS and 678 age‐ and gender‐matched referents among Olmsted County residents during the study period. Compared to referents, patients with HS had a significantly higher risk of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.53–4.03, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular‐ or cerebrovascular‐related death (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.10–7.40, P = 0.03). However, these risks were attenuated by adjusting for smoking history: all‐cause HR, 1.65 (95% CI, 0.97–2.82, P = 0.07) and cardiovascular‐ or cerebrovascular‐related HR, 2.03 (95% CI, 0.71–5.81, P = 0.18). The 71% of patients were former or current smokers at the time of HS diagnosis.

Conclusions

Hidradenitis suppurativa patients have a substantially increased risk of death from any cause, including cardiovascular or cerebrovascular causes; the risk is especially dependent on smoking history.
The burden of costs on health services from patients with venous leg ulcers in Singapore
Authors: Nazeha Nuraini , Lee Jia Yi , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Meng Lingyan , Ho Pei , Ng Yi Zhen , Graves Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Healthcare costs arising from venous leg ulcers (VLU) are expected to increase due to an aging population and increased prevalence of comorbidities. We aim to estimate the healthcare resources incurred by VLU patients, and to quantify the extent to which predictors explain variation in cost‐related outcomes. Retrospective patient‐level cohort data for VLU patients were analysed using generalised linear regression models. Data were extracted from a tertiary hospital registry in Singapore, between 2013 and 2017. The outcome variables were length of stay per admission; inpatient and outpatient bill per admission; whether a patient underwent a surgical treatment of the venous system; and, whether they visited the emergency department. Cost outcomes were reported in Singapore dollars (S$). A total of 162 VLU patients were included with a mean age of 67.5 (±14.4). For the inpatient setting the mean length of stay was 8.1 days and the mean inpatient bill was S$7886. For outpatients, the mean number of dressings was 29.4, and mean outpatient bill was S$6962. Heart disease patients incurred longer hospital stays and larger inpatient bills per admission and females had greater odds of undergoing a surgical procedure on the venous system. Certain VLU patient groups were found to be associated with larger cost outcomes.
Effect of isotretinoin (Netlook) on the testis of adult male albino rats and the role of omega 3 supplementation: A histological and biochemical study
Authors: Al‐Shahed Fatma Al‐Zahraa N. , Shoeb Hala H. , El‐Shawwa Mohammad M.
Published: September 2022

Isotretinoin is an oral retinoid which used across the world in the treatment of patients especially adolescents complaining of acne. In spite of the prevalent clinical use of isotretinoin, the generation of oxidative stress with the affection of several organs leads to the limitation and restriction of its use. Omega‐3 (N‐3) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) with powerful antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and biochemical changes occurring in the rat testis following isotretinoin intake and to evaluate the role of omega 3 supplementation in ameliorating testicular damage. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I is the control group, group II received isotretinoin (1.0 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water and group III received isotretinoin (1.0 mg/kg/day) and omega 3 (400 mg/kg/day). Testis samples were collected and processed for light and electron microscopic examination. The blood samples were collected for biochemical assessments. Results indicated that isotretinoin caused histological changes in all stages of spermatogenesis and alterations of the hormonal assay. These changes in the rat testis which were corrected by omega 3 use.
Comparison of topical benzyl benzoate vs. oral ivermectin in treating scabies: A randomized study
Authors: Meyersburg Damian , Welponer Tobias , Kaiser Andreas , Selhofer Sylvia , Tatarski Rafaella , Handisurya Alessandra , Bauer Johannes Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

Background

Scabies is an itchy, parasitic infection of the skin. Recent reports indicate there is a decreasing efficacy of the standard treatment of choice, topical 5% permethrin cream.

Objective

To evaluate the comparative efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical benzyl benzoate (BB) with oral ivermectin in the treatment of scabies.

Methods

Patients with dermoscopy‐verified scabies visiting the dermatologic outpatient clinic were assessed for enrolment in the study. In total, 224 patients were enrolled and sequentially randomized into two equally sized groups. Group A received topical 25% or 10% BB for the daily use over a period of three consecutive days, group B received oral ivermectin (200 μg/kg body weight) twice, 1 week apart. Treatment outcome was evaluated by dermoscopy at a 3‐week follow‐up visit.

Results

Treatment resulted in a cure rate of 87% in group A and 86% in group B. After initial therapy failure in group A, six out of eight patients showed treatment response upon repeated application of BB, five of five when retreated with ivermectin and two of two with BB plus ivermectin, respectively. In group B, successful retreatment was observed in three out of three patients with ivermectin, two of two patients with BB and 11 of 11 patients with the combination of BB plus ivermectin, respectively. Tolerability and safety profile of oral ivermectin was excellent, while BB produced short burning sensations in 14%.

Conclusion

Topical BB and oral ivermectin have shown comparable good therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, both agents constitute an adequate first‐line therapy in the treatment of scabies. A combination of both agents may be considered in recalcitrant and extensively infested cases, additionally to crusted scabies.
Development of a pea protein‐/chitosan‐based bioactive film using Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols as a bioactive ingredient
Authors: Nan Xijun , Zhou Quancheng , Ji Wei , Chen Xuanhong , Li Jiayi , Wang Honglei , Dong Leichao , Meng Xue , Sheng Guihua
Published: September 2022

The study was designed to develop a pea protein‐ (PP) and chitosan (CS)‐based bioactive composite film using purified Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols (AMP) as a bioactive ingredient (PP‐CS‐AMP). First, AMP was extracted and purified, and the antioxidant properties of AMP were tested, and the result indicated that AMP showed stronger antioxidant properties than vitamin C (Vc). Second, five kinds of PP‐CS film were developed: PP including unextruded pea protein (NEP), extrusion pea protein (EP), papain co‐extruded pea protein (PEP), neutral protease co‐extruded pea protein (NPEP), and double enzyme combined extrusion pea protein (DCEP). The five kinds of PP‐CS film were characterized and evaluated for various functions and properties; principal component analysis and membership evaluation were used to analyze the comprehensive scores of the films. It was observed that the NPEP‐CS film obtained the highest score. Extrusion and enzyme extrusion treatments improved the structure and properties of PP, and therefore enhanced the properties of PP‐CS film. Finally, NPEP‐CS‐AMP film was developed (AMP content 0, 4.0% and 8.0%, w/v) and tested for their performance, and the results suggested that the addition of 4.0% AMP gives the NPEP‐CS‐AMP film excellent physical and antioxidant properties.

Novelty impact statement

Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols (AMP), as a bioactivity ingredient was firstly incorporated into pea protein (PP) ‐ chitosan (CS) film.

Extrusion and enzyme extrusion can improve the structure and properties of PP, which is beneficial to improvement on the properties of PP‐CS film.

NPEP‐CS‐AMP film exhibit excellent physical properties, structural performance and high antioxidant activity.
Depth‐damage curves for rail rapid transit infrastructure
Authors: Martello Michael V. , Whittle Andrew J. , Lyons‐Galante Hannah R.
Published: September 2022

Estimates of flood‐related damages and costs often rely on asset‐specific depth‐damage curves that characterize the fragility of a given asset. To date, there are very few depth‐damage curves that are potentially applicable to rail rapid transit infrastructure, and no studies attempt to construct these relationships specifically these asset classes. Given the lack of empirical performance data or asset‐specific reliability tests, we solicited expert engineering judgment to characterize the fragility of transit assets to saltwater flood exposure. We validate the resulting synthetic depth‐damage relationships via a benchmarking approach and demonstrate consistency with previously published depth‐damage curves for similar asset classes. The solicitation framework presented can easily be extended to other infrastructure assets and systems, potentially serving as a key step toward a more rigorous quantification of the potential risks posed to infrastructure by natural hazards and climate change.
School foodservice directors' national training practices
Authors: Reynolds Joel , Jeong Heejin , Nam Chang S.
Published: September 2022

In the United States, over 29 million students daily are consuming meals at school. This number continues to increase as more diverse meal options are presented and increased demand for meal assistance. Very young students (under the age of 5) are considered a high‐risk population for foodborne illness. Though numerous interventions have been implemented previously, several predominant food safety violations continue to persist. To better understand and improve targeted food safety trainings and interventions this study aimed to conduct a needs assessment of school foodservice directors' training programs and topics. A total of 1,250 electronic surveys were sent nationally to K‐12 school foodservice directors. Of that, 264 useable responses were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics, as well as identified training methods and topics. Structural modeling was used to identify relatedness ratings between training methods. Approximately 67% of directors reported currently make less than 40% of the menu items from scratch. On‐the‐job training (94%) was the most frequent training method, while augmented reality and virtual reality were the least with 1.9% and 1.5%, respectively. Structural modeling identified two central nodes, on‐the‐job (six pairings) and lecture‐style (four pairings). All other modalities had one to three relationship pairings. For the majority (73%), the average length of training is less than 2 hr. The top two training topics school foodservice directors reported providing were: food safety (95.5% very likely/likely) and food production (94.3% very likely/likely). Study results provide insights into current training methods and topics provided by school foodservice directors at the time of the survey.
Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses atopic dermatitis‐like symptoms by regulating the immune balance
Authors: Hou Dian‐Dong , Wang Xin‐Xin , Li Si‐Jia , Wang De‐Cheng , Niu Yuan , Xu Zi‐Ran , Jin Zhuo‐Qun
Published: September 2022

Background

Glycyrrhiza is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines in China. Its main bioactive ingredient glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has the potential to be used as a treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) because it has similar actions to steroids, but with relatively few side effects.

Aims

The objective of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms of GA on AD mice model.

Methods

Calcipotriol, a vitamin D3 analogue (MC903) was applied topically to establish AD mouse model. Mice were intraperitoneally administrated with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX), 25 or 50 mg/kg GA for 15 days. After mice were executed, skin tissues were collected and detected the expression levels of IL‐4, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). The percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17, langerhans cells (LCs) in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were measured by flow cytometry.

Results

Our data demonstrated that GA improved the symptoms of AD by exerting anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic functions in vivo. We found that GA treatment decreased the level of total IgE in serum, suppressed ear swelling, reduced the infiltration of mast cells in skin lesions and decreased expressions of IL‐4, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and TSLP in skin lesions. Furthermore, our experimental results demonstrated that GA suppressed the Th1/Th2/Th17‐immune responses in the dLNs, inhibited the migration of LCs in dLNs.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our findings suggested potential therapeutic effects of GA against MC903‐induced AD‐like skin lesions in mice.
Ethnic and Islamist populism in Turkey and its impact on Kurdish nationalism
Authors: Kalaycı Hüseyin
Published: September 2022

Rather than addressing the Kurdish conflict in Turkey directly, this study focuses on how the rising nationalist populism bears on Kurdish voters supporting the pro‐Kurdish party HDP. There are very few studies on how Kurds are affected by the nationalist populism often expressed in Turkey by the governing People's Alliance (Cumhur İttifakı) with its slogan “domestic and national,” even though the literature offers a broad variety of studies on the Kurdish conflict. To fill this gap, this study is supported by focus group discussions with the Kurds in Turkey who support the HDP, based on a sample of the Kurds living in Istanbul, which is sometimes referred to as the “largest Kurdish city.” This study claims that the populist slogan of the “domestic and national” not only marginalises the Kurdish interviewees but also weakens their sense of belonging to Turkey, thus encouraging them to establish their own national identities. An important result of the focus group meetings is that AKP's polarising policy not only causes polarisation among Turks but also among the Kurds.
Toward a multifunctional nature‐based coastal defense: a review of the interaction between beach nourishment and ecological restoration
Authors: Kindeberg Theodor , Almström Björn , Skoog Mona , Olsson Pål Axel , Hollander Johan
Published: September 2022

Coastal protection has evolved from focusing on hard solutions such as breakwaters and groynes to include soft or nature‐based solutions (NbS). NbS have been proposed as cost‐effective means to offer long‐term coastal protection and at the same time strengthen coastal resilience and biodiversity. However, projects utilizing NbS for coastal protection have often focused on a single solution and the evidence of improved biodiversity remain equivocal.

In this paper, we review solutions traditionally used for disparate purposes – namely beach nourishment and the establishment of vascular plants such as seagrass and dune grass. The main incentives behind large‐scale beach nourishment projects are often the cost‐effectiveness, multifunctionality and dynamic shoreline protection whereas the focus of vegetation restoration has typically been on recreating important habitats and not specifically as a coastal protection measure. Based on previous studies and an on‐going large‐scale coastal adaptation project in southern Sweden, we investigate the feasibility of combining these seemingly dichotomous management strategies to yield a viable physical defense and at the same time strengthen coastal biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Given the urgency in combatting biodiversity loss and adapting to a changing climate, management interventions for coastal protection should explicitly incorporate ecological values into every coastal protection measure and seek innovative, integrated approaches that consider both geomorphological and ecological values and the possible complementarity between the two.
Brassinosteroids mediate moderate soil‐drying to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature during meiosis of rice
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Huang Hanghang , Zhou Yujiao , Zhu Kuanyu , Wu Yunfei , Xu Yunji , Wang Weilu , Zhang Hao , Gu Junfei , Xiong Fei , Wang Zhiqin , Liu Lijun , Yang Jianchang
Published: September 2022

This study tested the hypothesis that brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate moderate soil‐drying (MD) to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature (HT) stress during meiosis of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A rice cultivar was pot‐grown and subjected to normal temperature (NT) and HT treatments during meiosis, and two irrigation regimes including well‐watered (WW) and MD were imposed to the plants simultaneously. The MD effectively alleviated the spikelet degeneration and yield loss under HT stress mainly via improving root activity and canopy and panicle traits including higher photosynthetic capacity, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and antioxidant capacity than WW. These parameters were regulated by BRs levels in plants. The decrease in BRs levels at HT was due mainly to the enhanced BRs decomposition, and the MD could rescue the BRs deficiency at HT via enhancing BRs biosynthesis and impeding decomposition. The connection between BRs and HT was verified by using rice BRs‐deficient mutants, transgenic rice lines, and chemical regulators. Similar results were obtained in the open‐air field experiment. The results suggest that BRs can mediate the MD to alleviate spikelet degeneration under HT stress during meiosis mainly via enhancing root activity, canopy traits, and young panicle traits of rice.
Twin reduction in the late embryonic period prevents the condition of freemartin in dairy cattle
Authors: Garcia‐Ispierto Irina , Palacín‐Chauri Roger J. , López‐Gatius Fernando
Published: September 2022

The condition of freemartinism occurs in the bovine heterosexual twin foetuses and refers to the resulting infertile female. Vascular anastomoses of the foetal membranes are the major reason of this anomaly. This study examines whether single born heifers following induced twin reduction at 28–34 days of pregnancy could develop normal reproductive functions. The study population derived from 367 lactating dairy cows carrying: unilateral twins (n = 178), bilateral twins (n = 174) or triplets (n = 15), in which manual embryo reduction was performed. The final study population was constituted of 95 single born twin females that reached 12 months of life and entered into the AI period. Of these heifers, 40 have had one unilateral co‐twin, 49 one bilateral co‐twin, and 6 two contralateral co‐twins. A total of 1688 heifers inseminated during the same period were used as controls to compare the rates of pregnancy at 15 months of age, culling due to infertility and birth before the age of 24 months. No differences were detected between groups. With an accepted incidence rate of 50% heterosexuality for all twin sets, we should assume that half of our study population had a male co‐twin. Our results indicate lack of effect of the male co‐twin on normal development of the gonads and genital tract of his female partner during the late embryonic period.
Recellularized bovine pericardium with autologous mesenchymal stem cells reduces immune activation
Authors: Bozso Sabin J. , Kang Jimmy J. H. , EL‐Andari Ryaan , Boe Dana , Hedtke Hannah , Moon Michael C. , Freed Darren H. , Nagendran Jayan , Nagendran Jeevan
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Current bioprosthetic heart valve replacement options are limited by structural valvular deterioration (SVD) due to an immune response to the xenogenic scaffold. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recellularization is a method of concealing xenogenic scaffolds, preventing recipient immune recognition of xenogenic tissue heart valves, and potentially leading to reduction in SVD incidence. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of autologous MSC recellularized tissue on the immune response of human whole blood to bovine pericardium (BP). We hypothesized that autologous MSC recellularization of BP will result in reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine production equivalent to autologous human pericardium.

Methods

Bone marrow, human pericardium, and whole blood were collected from adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Decellularized BP underwent recellularization with autologous MSCs, followed by co‐incubation with autologous whole blood. Immunohistochemical, microscopic, and quantitative immune analysis approaches were used.

Results

We demonstrated that native BP, exposed to human whole blood, results in significant TNF‐α and IL1β production. When decellularized BP is recellularized with autologous MSCs and exposed to whole blood, there is a significant reduction in TNF‐α and IL1β production. Importantly, recellularized BP exposed to whole blood had similar production of TNF‐α and IL1β when compared to autologous human pericardium exposed to human whole blood.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that preventing initial immune activation with autologous MSC recellularization may be an effective approach to decrease the recipient immune response, preventing recipient immune recognition of xenogeneic tissue engineered heart valves, and potentially leading to reduction in SVD incidence.
Analysis of Mobile Game Intellectual Property Marketing Strategy: A Case Study of Honor of Kings
Authors: Feng Junru , Zhang Xiaolin
Published: September 2022

The mobile game market is now gradually forming a unique ecological industry chain. Game parties are beginning to look beyond the game experience and focus on building mature game IPs. By creating specific IP to drive the game’s peripheral revenue, strengthen the emotional connection with game users, and achieve the purpose of long-term development. Looking at the domestic market, Honor of Kings, as a phenomenal mobile game in China, its IP development and marketing are of reference learning significance. In this paper, we selected Honor of Kings as the research object, and we collected data through both questionnaire surveys and interviews, using SPSS for statistical analysis. The research analyzed its IP marketing strategy and effect and searched for the factors which affect its IP marketing effect. It finds that the impact of Honor of Kings IP marketing is influenced by the degree of perfection of Honor of Kings worldview, i.e., IP connotation and local cultural awareness. At the same time, we analyzed the IP development process and marketing strategy of Honor of Kings in combination, pointed out its advantages and shortcomings, and gave suggestions to provide new ideas for IP marketing of other game companies.
Consideraciones acerca del concepto de libertad en el pensamiento de Kierkegaard en O lo uno o lo otro II
Authors: Rodríguez Yésica Rosa
Published: September 2022

La libertad se sitúa, desde Kant, más allá de los límites de la razón, y este aspecto persiste hasta el pensamiento de Kierkegaard. La elección de ser libres, que se inaugura como preocupación en O lo uno o lo otro de 1843 y que también ya estaba presente en Kant, se pone de relieve ante la imperiosa necesidad de mostrar que la libertad (Friheden) es el fundamento propiamente subjetivo y que, como tal, no puede ser impuesto ni demostrado desde afuera, es decir, no puede ser aplicado ni mostrado por ninguna ciencia particular, sino en una instancia denominada ética (der Ethiske). Sin embargo, la subjetividad ética que el juez Guillermo desarrolla presenta límites, ya que, ante la aparición del concepto de pecado, el concepto de libertad se ve resignificado, dando lugar a un nuevo modo de concebir la libertad en las obras posteriores del pensador danés.
Morir dos veces: injusticia epistémica e identidad de género en Colombia
Authors: Chamorro Muñoz Alicia Natali , Suárez Ortiz Giovana , Unger Biviana
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo analiza las violencias e injusticias epistémicas que sufren las mujeres trans*, que se pueden rastrear en enunciados convencionales de los discursos médico, jurídico y mediático en torno al asesinato de mujeres trans*; dichos enunciados se refuerzan entre sí, perpetuando injusticias epistémicas contra estas mujeres en Colombia. Para esto, usaremos la noción de injusticia epistémica de Miranda Fricker y las propuestas de otrxs autorxs contemporáneos, como Moira Pérez, Blas Radi y Judith Butler, y mostraremos cómo los prejuicios identitarios y la injusticia testimonial y hermenéutica a la que se ven expuestas las feminidades trans* implican marginarlas por medio de prácticas sociales de significación.
O poder na teoria feminista: visões contrapostas
Authors: Blanco Estupiñán Ayda Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Este artigo investiga quais são os principais conceitos de poder propostos pela teoria feminista da segunda onda, de modo a sustentar que nessa são identificáveis dois conceitos fundamentais que são opostos mas complementários. Para tanto, propõe-se um percurso pelas principais ideias do feminismo acerca do poder surgidas a partir da década de 1960, nas quais esse aparece relacionado, principalmente, aos conceitos de dominação e opressão, mas também às visões sobre empoderamento, recurso, cuidado e liberdade. Com base no mapeamento teórico realizado, argumenta-se que para a análise das relações de poder estabelecidas entre homens e mulheres é necessário retomar tanto o conceito de poder como dominação quanto como empoderamento.