bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counting graded lattices of rank 3 that have few coatoms
Authors: Kohonen Jukka
Published: January 2019

We consider the problem of computing [Formula: see text], the number of unlabeled graded lattices of rank [Formula: see text] that contain [Formula: see text] coatoms and [Formula: see text] atoms. More specifically, we do this when [Formula: see text] is fairly small, but [Formula: see text] may be large. For this task, we describe a computational method that combines constructive listing of basic cases and tools from enumerative combinatorics. With this method, we compute the exact values of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

We also show that, for any fixed [Formula: see text], there exists a quasipolynomial in [Formula: see text] that matches with [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] above a small value. We explicitly determine these quasipolynomials for [Formula: see text], thus finding closed form expressions of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text].
Welcome to AI matters 4(4)
Authors: McGovern Amy , Leite Iolanda
Published: January 2019

Welcome to the fourth issue of the fourth volume of the AI Matters Newsletter! Our biggest news is that we would like to extend a big welcome to our new co-editor! Iolanda Leite is an Assistant Professor at the School of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. Iolanda is excited to join the AI Matters team and to help to continue to grow the newsletter for ACM SIGAI. She is also our guest for the interview this month so please go to our interview and learn more about our new co-editor!
Environmental Exposures and Depression: Biological Mechanisms and Epidemiological Evidence
Authors: van den Bosch Matilda , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas
Published: January 2019

Mental health and well-being are consistently influenced—directly or indirectly—by multiple environmental exposures. In this review, we have attempted to address some of the most common exposures of the biophysical environment, with a goal of demonstrating how those factors interact with central structures and functions of the brain and thus influence the neurobiology of depression. We emphasize biochemical mechanisms, observational evidence, and areas for future research. Finally, we include aspects of contextual environments—city living, nature, natural disasters, and climate change—and call for improved integration of environmental issues in public health science, policies, and activities. This integration is necessary for reducing the global pandemic of depression.
Design and Analysis of Collaborative Unmanned Surface-Aerial Vehicle Cruise Systems
Authors: Zhu Man , Wen Yuan-Qiao
Published: January 2019

With the increasing application of unmanned surface vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicles (USV-UAVs) in maritime supervision, research on their deployment and control is becoming vitally important. We investigate the application of USV-UAVs for synergistic cruising and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative model. First, we build a collaborative model consisting of the cruise vehicles and communication, detection, and command-and-control networks for the USV-UAV. Second, based on an analysis of the problems faced by collaborative USV-UAV systems, we establish a model to evaluate the effectiveness of such synergistic cruises. Third, we propose a weighting method for each evaluation factor. Finally, a model consisting of one UAV and four USVs is employed to validate our synergistic cruise model.
Trichomonas Detection in Leucorrhea Based on VIBE Method
Authors: Du Xiaohui , Liu Lin , Wang Xiangzhou , Zhang Jing , Ni Guangming , Hao Ruqian , Liu Juanxiu , Liu Yong
Published: January 2019

Trichomonas examination is one of the important items in the leucorrhea routine detection. And it cannot be recognized by still images because of the unstable morphology and unfixed focal location caused by motion characteristic. We proposed an improved VIBE algorithm. 6 videos (totally 1414 frames) are collected for testing. In order to compare the effects of the algorithms, we segment each frame artificially as ground truth. Experiments show that percentage of correct classification (PCC) achieves 88%. The proposed improved method can effectively suppress the false detection caused by the formed components such as epithelial cells in the leucorrhea microscopic image and the missed detection caused by the background model update during the movement. At the same time, improvements can effectively suppress smear and ghost areas. The algorithm proposed in this paper can be integrated into the leucorrhea automatic detection system.
Modeling Airflow and Particle Deposition in a Human Acinar Region
Authors: Kolanjiyil Arun V. , Kleinstreuer Clement
Published: January 2019

The alveolar region, encompassing millions of alveoli, is the most vital part of the lung. However, airflow behavior and particle deposition in that region are not fully understood because of the complex geometrical structure and intricate wall movement. Although recent investigations using 3D computer simulations have provided some valuable information, a realistic analysis of the air-particle dynamics in the acinar region is still lacking. So, to gain better physical insight, a physiologically inspired whole acinar model has been developed. Specifically, air sacs (i.e., alveoli) were attached as partial spheroids to the bifurcating airway ducts, while breathing-related wall deformation was included to simulate actual alveolar expansion and contraction. Current model predictions confirm previous notions that the location of the alveoli greatly influences the alveolar flow pattern, with recirculating flow dominant in the proximal lung region. In the midalveolar lung generations, the intensity of the recirculating flow inside alveoli decreases while radial flow increases. In the distal alveolar region, the flow pattern is completely radial. The micron/submicron particle simulation results, employing the Euler–Lagrange modeling approach, indicate that deposition depends on the inhalation conditions and particle size. Specifically, the particle deposition rate in the alveolar region increases with higher inhalation tidal volume and particle diameter. Compared to previous acinar models, the present system takes into account the entire acinar region, including both partially alveolated respiratory bronchioles as well the fully alveolated distal airways and alveolar sacs. In addition, the alveolar expansion and contraction have been calculated based on physiological breathing conditions which make it easy to compare and validate model results with in vivo lung deposition measurements. Thus, the current work can be readily incorporated into human whole-lung airway models to simulate/predict the flow dynamics of toxic or therapeutic aerosols.
Nutraceuticals Inspiring the Current Therapy for Lifestyle Diseases
Authors: Chanda Silpi , Tiwari Raj Kumar , Kumar Arun , Singh Kuldeep
Published: January 2019

Nutraceuticals are the pharmaceutically blended products that possess both nutritional as well as the medicinal value. Such a product is designed to improve the physical health, fight against day-to-day challenges such as stress, increase longevity, etc. Nowadays, emphasis is given to those herbs which are used as food and medicine due to its greater acceptance. Due to dynamic action, the popularity of nutraceuticals among people as well as healthcare providers has been increased over medicines and health supplements. This review documents herbs with a wide variety of therapeutic values such as immunity booster, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and gastroprotective. These herbs could be better options to formulate as nutraceuticals. Several nutraceuticals are described based on their availability as food, chemical nature, and mechanism of action.
A Markov Random Field and Adaptive Regularization Embedded Level Set Segmentation Model Solving by Graph Cuts
Authors: Wang Dengwei
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a novel Markov random field (MRF) and adaptive regularization embedded level set model for robust image segmentation and uses graph cuts optimization to numerically solve it. Firstly, a special MRF-based energy term in the form of level set formulation is constructed for strong local neighborhood modeling. Secondly, a regularization constraint with adaptive properties is imposed onto the proposed model with the following purposes: reduce the influence of noise, force the power exponent of the regularization process to change adaptively with image coordinates, and ensure the active contour does not pass through the weak object boundaries. Thirdly, graph cuts optimization is used to implement the numerical solution of the proposed model to obtain extremely fast convergence performance. The extensive and promising experimental results on wide variety of images demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed method in both segmentation accuracy and convergence rate.
Elevated Vitamin B12 Levels and Cancer Risk in UK Primary Care: A THIN Database Cohort Study
Authors: Arendt Johan F.H. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Horsfall Laura J. , Petersen Irene
Published: January 2019

Background:

Elevated vitamin B12 levels (B12) are associated with increased short-term cancer risk. However, the implications for early cancer detection in primary care have not been assessed.

Methods:

Individuals with plasma B12 measurements were sampled from The Health Improvement Network primary care database, UK. Persons with low B12 levels were excluded together with persons with cancer or B12 treatment before date of B12 measurement. Incident cancer was the outcome of interest and was identified through Read codes. Individuals were disaggregated according to plasma B12 levels (unit: pmol/L): 150–600 (reference range values), 601–800, 801–1,000, and >1,000.

Results:

Among the 757,185 persons who met the inclusion criteria, we identified 33,367 incident cancers during 2,874,059 years of follow-up. We found a higher 1-year cancer risk among the 25,783 (3.4%) persons with elevated B12 levels compared with those with normal B12 levels. After multivariable adjustment for lifestyle factors and social deprivation, persons with B12 >1,000 pmol/L had a 1-year incidence rate ratio of 4.72 (95% confidence interval: 3.99–5.58). The association showed a nonlinear dose–response pattern, and it remained robust in stratified analyses, including when reducing the risk of confounding by indication in subanalyses. The risks were particularly elevated for liver cancer, pancreas cancer, and myeloid malignancies among persons with elevated B12 levels.

Conclusions:

Elevated plasma B12 levels were associated with a higher 1-year cancer risk than normal B12 levels among persons seen in UK primary care, suggesting that some cancers may affect B12 metabolism.

Impact:

Elevated B12 may mark occult cancer.
Targeted Resequencing of the Coding Sequence of 38 Genes Near Breast Cancer GWAS Loci in a Large Case–Control Study
Authors: Decker Brennan , Allen Jamie , Luccarini Craig , Pooley Karen A. , Shah Mitul , Bolla Manjeet K. , Wang Qin , Ahmed Shahana , Baynes Caroline , Conroy Don M. , Brown Judith , Luben Robert , Ostrander Elaine A. , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Dunning Alison M. , Easton Douglas F.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Genes regulated by breast cancer risk alleles identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may harbor rare coding risk alleles.

Methods:

We sequenced the coding regions for 38 genes within 500 kb of 38 lead GWAS SNPs in 13,538 breast cancer cases and 5,518 controls.

Results:

Truncating variants in these genes were rare, and were not associated with breast cancer risk. Burden testing of rare missense variants highlighted 5 genes with some suggestion of an association with breast cancer, although none met the multiple testing thresholds: MKL1, FTO, NEK10, MDM4, and COX11. Six common alleles in COX11, MAP3K1 (two), and NEK10 (three) were associated at the P < 0.0001 significance level, but these likely reflect linkage disequilibrium with causal regulatory variants.

Conclusions:

There was no evidence that rare coding variants in these genes confer substantial breast cancer risks. However, more modest effect sizes could not be ruled out.

Impact:

We tested the hypothesis that rare variants in 38 genes near breast cancer GWAS loci may mediate risk. These variants do not appear to play a major role in breast cancer heritability.
Weighting Nonprobability and Probability Sample Surveys in Describing Cancer Catchment Areas
Authors: Iachan Ronaldo , Berman Lewis , Kyle Tonja M. , Martin Kelly J. , Deng Yangyang , Moyse Davia N. , Middleton Deirdre , Atienza Audie A.
Published: January 2019

Background:

The Population Health Assessment initiative by NCI sought to enhance cancer centers’ capacity to acquire, aggregate, and integrate data from multiple sources, as well as to plan, coordinate, and enhance catchment area analysis activities.

Methods:

Key objectives of this initiative are pooling data and comparing local data with national data. A novel aspect of analyzing data from this initiative is the methodology used to weight datasets from sites that collected both probability and nonprobability samples. This article describes the methods developed to weight data, which cancer centers collected with combinations of probability, and nonprobability sampling designs.

Results:

We compare alternative weighting methods in particular for the hybrid probability and nonprobability sampling designs employed by different cancer centers. We also include comparisons of local center data with national survey data from large probability samples.

Conclusions:

This hybrid approach to calculating statistical weights can be implemented both within cancer centers that collect both probability and nonprobability samples with common measures. Aggregation can also apply to cancer centers that share common data elements, and target similar populations, but differ in survey sampling designs.

Impact:

Researchers interested in local versus national comparisons for cancer surveillance and control outcomes should consider various weighting approaches, including hybrid approaches, when analyzing their data.
Autophagy Inhibition to Augment mTOR Inhibition: a Phase I/II Trial of Everolimus and Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Previously Treated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Haas Naomi B. , Appleman Leonard J. , Stein Mark , Redlinger Maryann , Wilks Melissa , Xu Xiaowei , Onorati Angelique , Kalavacharla Anusha , Kim Taehyong , Zhen Chao Jie , Kadri Sabah , Segal Jeremy P. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Davis Lisa E. , Amaravadi Ravi K.
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

Everolimus inhibits the mTOR, activating cytoprotective autophagy. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits autophagy. On the basis of preclinical data demonstrating synergistic cytotoxicity when mTOR inhibitors are combined with an autophagy inhibitor, we launched a clinical trial of combined everolimus and hydroxychloroquine, to determine its safety and activity in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Patients and Methods:

Three centers conducted a phase I/II trial of everolimus 10 mg daily and hydroxychloroquine in patients with advanced ccRCC. The objectives were to determine the MTD of hydroxychloroquine with daily everolimus, and to estimate the rate of 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with ccRCC receiving everolimus/hydroxychloroquine after 1–3 prior treatment regimens. Correlative studies to identify patient subpopulations that achieved the most benefit included population pharmacokinetics, measurement of autophagosomes by electron microscopy, and next-generation tumor sequencing.

Results:

No dose-limiting toxicity was observed in the phase I trial. The recommended phase II dose of hydroxychloroquine 600 mg twice daily with everolimus was identified. Disease control [stable disease + partial response (PR)] occurred in 22 of 33 (67%) evaluable patients. PR was observed in 2 of 33 patients (6%). PFS ≥ 6 months was achieved in 15 of 33 (45%) of patients who achieved disease control.

Conclusions:

Combined hydroxychloroquine 600 mg twice daily with 10 mg daily everolimus was tolerable. The primary endpoint of >40% 6-month PFS rate was met. Hydroxychloroquine is a tolerable autophagy inhibitor in future RCC or other trials.
Vaccine-Induced Memory CD8+ T Cells Provide Clinical Benefit in HER2 Expressing Breast Cancer: A Mouse to Human Translational Study
Authors: Crosby Erika J. , Gwin William , Blackwell Kimberly , Marcom Paul K. , Chang Serena , Maecker Holden T. , Broadwater Gloria , Hyslop Terry , Kim Sungjin , Rogatko Andre , Lubkov Veronica , Snyder Joshua C. , Osada Takuya , Hobeika Amy C. , Morse Michael A. , Lyerly H. Kim , Hartman Zachary C.
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

Immune-based therapy for metastatic breast cancer has had limited success, particularly in molecular subtypes with low somatic mutations rates. Strategies to augment T-cell infiltration of tumors include vaccines targeting established oncogenic drivers such as the genomic amplification of HER2. We constructed a vaccine based on a novel alphaviral vector encoding a portion of HER2 (VRP-HER2).

Patients and Methods:

In preclinical studies, mice were immunized with VRP-HER2 before or after implantation of hHER2+ tumor cells and HER2-specific immune responses and antitumor function were evaluated. We tested VRP-HER2 in a phase I clinical trial where subjects with advanced HER2-overexpressing malignancies in cohort 1 received VRP-HER2 every 2 weeks for a total of 3 doses. In cohort 2, subjects received the same schedule concurrently with a HER2-targeted therapy.

Results:

Vaccination in preclinical models with VRP-HER2 induced HER2-specific T cells and antibodies while inhibiting tumor growth. VRP-HER2 was well tolerated in patients and vaccination induced HER2-specific T cells and antibodies. Although a phase I study, there was 1 partial response and 2 patients with continued stable disease. Median OS was 50.2 months in cohort 1 (n = 4) and 32.7 months in cohort 2 (n = 18). Perforin expression by memory CD8 T cells post-vaccination significantly correlated with improved PFS.

Conclusions:

VRP-HER2 increased HER2-specific memory CD8 T cells and had antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical studies. The expansion of HER2-specific memory CD8 T cells in vaccinated patients was significantly correlated with increased PFS. Subsequent studies will seek to enhance T-cell activity by combining with anti-PD-1.
Uns e outros na literatura moçambicana ou como conhecer um país em suas particularidades
Authors: Souza Rodrigo Nunes de , Nóbrega Maria Marta dos Santos Silva
Published: January 2019

A presente resenha traça uma leitura do livro Uns e outros na literatura moçambicana, de Francisco Noa, pesquisador moçambicano e publicado no Brasil pela Editora Kapulana.
A voz da mulher em Terra Negra: feminismo negro e mercado editorial na poesia de Cristiane Sobral
Authors: Luquini Jerfferson Paim , Alós Anselmo Peres
Published: January 2019

O objetivo aqui é trazer uma problematização em torno do feminismo negro e do mercado editorial a partir da poesia de Cristiane Sobral. Tomamos como foco da análise dois poemas, intitulados “Quem sabe em Aruanda” e “Deus é preta”, presentes no livro Terra Negra, publicado pela editora Malê no ano de 2017.
O despertar de um grito: o espaço social posto às claras em Manual prático do ódio, de Ferréz
Authors: Almeida Lanna Caroline Silva de , Costa Margareth Torres de Alencar
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o espaço social representado na obra Manual prático do ódio (2014), de Ferréz. O espaço citadino passou do elemento externo para o interno, ou seja, um elemento social dentro da obra, podendo agir para a degradação ou levantamento do sujeito. Como resultado o espaço influencia as personagens, uma vez que, no momento em que o lugar do qual ele fala desloca os valores que elas compartilham.
Anatomical Connections Between the Papillary Muscles and the Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Rivera Santiago , Vecchio Nicolás , Ricapito Paz
Published: January 2019

Background:

Papillary muscles (PM) ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) exhibit QRS variability, attributed to anisotropy. ECG inconsistencies such as late precordial transition (TZ) and discordant QRS axis may not be solely explained by anisotropic conduction. We sought to determine the presence of anatomic connections of the PM and correlate them with ECG inconsistencies and ablation results.

Methods:

Patients with prior PM VAs catheter ablation (N=33/66 PMs) were prospectively evaluated with cardiac resonance for the presence of muscular connection (PMCs) away from the PM base. Specific ECG characteristics including early (consistent TZ) and late (inconsistent-ITZ) TZ or inconsistent (IQA) or consistent QA QRS axis were correlated with PMCs.

Results:

Thirty-five PMs exhibited clinical VAs (N=29 posteromedial PM and N=6 anterolateral PM). PM VAs with ITZ and IQA were observed in 11 and 9 PMs, respectively. In total, 41 PMs (62%) exhibited 90 PMCs. Arrhythmogenic PMs (N=35) exhibited higher number of PMCs (72 versus 18;
P
=0.01). Patients with ITZ and IQA exhibited 100% prevalence of PMCs. Those with consistent TZ and consistent QA showed 40% and 26% prevalence of PMCs, respectively. ITZ and IQA predicted the presence of PMCs with 59% of 28% sensitivity; and 100% of 100% specificity, respectively. Type-specific PMCs were more prevalent in patients with ECG inconsistencies. Those PMs are exhibiting clinical recurrence after ablation presented higher prevalence of PMCs (91% versus 60%;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions:

PMCs are highly prevalent in patients with PM VAs. A direct correlation exists between PM VAs ECG inconsistencies and type-specific PMCs. Patients with ITZ or IQA exhibited PMC 100% prevalence. Recurrence was higher among patients with PMCs.
Characteristics of Acute Heart Failure Hospitalizations Based on Presenting Severity
Authors: Parikh Kishan S. , Sheng Shubin , Hammill Bradley G. , Yancy Clyde W. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hernandez Adrian F. , DeVore Adam D.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Hospitalizations for acute heart failure (HF) are significant events with downstream implications for patients, as well as healthcare systems and payers. However, from anecdotal experience, both hospitalization and postdischarge courses vary significantly based on severity of presenting decompensation.

Methods and Results:

We compared patient and hospitalization characteristics, resource utilization, and associated outcomes, among modern era acute HF patients enrolled in the GWTG–HF (Get With the Guidelines–Heart Failure) registry between 2011 and 2016, by varying severity of their acute HF. Among over 165 000 hospitalizations included in our analysis, 2% were considered high-risk and 32% intermediate-risk for in-hospital mortality, similar to findings from 15 years prior. Further, the 1-year mortality rate was 40% among Medicare beneficiaries in GWTG–HF who survived to hospital discharge.

Conclusions:

The long-term outcomes among acute HF survivors remain poor and, in the context of an increasing HF burden, warrant further study of postdischarge management strategies including inpatient-to-clinic transitions and ambulatory HF systems-based care.
Nomenclatural notes on Iris songarica (Iridaceae) and two related names
Authors: BOLTENKOV EUGENY V. , SCHRÖDER CHRISTOF N.
Published: January 2019

Iris songarica is one of the most widely distributed species of I. ser. Tenuifoliae. Analysis of relevant literature and examination of herbarium material have shown that I. songarica is more variable than reported in the protologue, especially in the number of flowers and the length of the flowering stem, features which are associated with soil and climate of habitat. With up to four branches with 1–3 flowers each, I. songarica differs from all other species of I. ser. Tenuifoliae. For such multi-flowering plants, two names have been proposed: I. songarica var. multiflora and I. multiflora. However, our morphological investigations revealed that these multi-flowering plants fall within the variability of I. songarica. All three names are typified here.
Curcuma yingdeensis (Zingiberaceae), a new species from China
Authors: CHEN JUAN , TONG YI-HUA , XIA NIAN-HE
Published: January 2019

A new species of Curcuma L. subg. Curcuma (Zingiberaceae), C. yingdeensis N. H. Xia & Juan Chen, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. phaeocaulis Valeton, but distinguished by creamy to pale yellow-colored rhizomes, narrower leaf blades, laxer inflorescences, smaller flowers, pink coma bracts with purple tips, pale green fertile bracts with brown tips and purple dots at the adnate portion, and sub-orbicular labellum with rounded lobes and two pale purple lines at the base.
Tadpole of Hylodes fredi (Anura; Hylodidae), a frog endemic to an Atlantic Forest island (Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State), Brazil
Authors: LAIA RAFAEL CAMILO , FATORELLI PEDRO , HATANO FÁBIO HARUKI , ROCHA CARLOS FREDERICO DUARTE
Published: January 2019

The species of the genus Hylodes Fitzinger live on banks of small rivers and streams which run on rough terrain in eastern Brazil (Silva & Benmaman 2008). Hylodes fredi Canedo and Pombal 2007 is a recently described species endemic to Ilha Grande (Canedo and Pombal, 2007), an island covered by Atlantic Rainforest in the south of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. In this study, we present the description of the tadpole of H. fredi.
Two new species of the planthopper genus Flavina Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from China
Authors: ZHANG YALIN , CHE YANLI , WANG YINGLUN , WEBB M. D.
Published: January 2019

In the present paper, Flavina Stål is reviewed and a key to species is provided. Two new species, F. nigrifrons Zhang and Che, sp. nov., and F. nigrifascia Che and Wang, sp. nov., are described and illustrated, and F. hainana (Wang and Wang) is redescribed and illustrated, especially to show its male genitalia. The genus is compared to Fortunia Distant and comments are given on the family placement of the superficially similar genus Mahanorona Distant.
Four new species of the genus Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from India
Authors: TAUHEED UZMA , AHMAD WASIM
Published: January 2019

Four new species of soil-inhabiting nematodes belonging to the genus Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 are described and illustrated from India. Mesodorylaimus khasianus n. sp. is characterized by having body length 1.05–1.14 mm in females and 0.94–1.09 mm in males; lip region offset by a slight constriction; odontostyle 10–12 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva; presence of an additional pair of sclerotized pieces at vagina; tail long with rounded terminus; and males with simple dorylaimoid spicules 32–34 µ m long, and seven to eleven regularly spaced ventromedian supplements. Mesodorylaimus noreasus n. sp. is characterized by having body length 1.65–1.74 mm in females and 1.42–1.61 mm in males; lip region truncate, offset by slight depression; odontostyle 14–16 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva, elongate attenuated tail with rounded terminus and males with simple dorylaimoid spicules 42–43 µm long, nine regularly spaced ventromedian supplements and short conoid tail with rounded terminus. Mesodorylaimus spicatus n. sp. is characterized by having body length 0.81–1.14 mm in females and 0.86–1.1 mm in males; lip region offset by slight depression; odontostyle 10.0–12.5 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva, small spicate tail with rounded terminus and males with simple dorylaimoid spicules 28–33 µm long, seven to nine regularly spaced ventromedian supplements and short conoid tail with rounded terminus. Mesodorylaimus bomdillaensis n. sp. is characterized by having body length 0.73–0.81 mm; lip region offset by slight depression; “double” guiding ring; odontostyle 10 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva; thin, long tongue-like structure at intestine-prerectum junction and tail long filiform with pointed terminus.
Taxonomic status of Andersen’s fruit-eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis aequatorialis) and revised classification of Artibeus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Authors: LARSEN PETER A. , MARCHÁN-RIVADENEIRA MARÍA R. , BAKER ROBERT J.
Published: January 2019

Fruit-eating bats of the genus Artibeus are widely distributed across the Neotropics and are one of the most recently evolved assemblages of the family Phyllostomidae. Although the taxonomy and systematics of species of Artibeus has been the subject of an intense historical debate, the most current taxonomic arrangements recognize approximately eleven species within the genus. However, recent phylogenetic studies indicate that species diversity within South and Middle American populations of Artibeus is underestimated. South American populations referable to A. jamaicensis aequatorialis are of considerable interest because previous studies of mitochondrial DNA variation identified potential species level variation west of the Andes Mountains. In this study we use morphometric and genetic data (nuclear AFLPs) to investigate the taxonomic status of A. j. aequatorialis. Our results indicate that elevating aequatorialis to species level is appropriate based on statistically supported reciprocal monophyly in mitochondrial and nuclear datasets and diagnostic morphological characters. In light of our results, and of those presented elsewhere, we provide a revised classification of the genus.
Two new species of Japanagallia Ishihara, 1955 from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae)
Authors: ZHANG BIN
Published: January 2019

Two new leafhopper species of the genus Japanagallia, J. spinosa sp. nov. and J. lamellata sp. nov. are described and illustrated from southern China. A redescription of the genus is provided and a key to Chinese species of the genus is also given.
Description of the Southern swamp leech Philobdella floridana (Verrill, 1874) (Annelida: Hirudinea) from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, with a revision of the species
Authors: SAWYER ROY T.
Published: January 2019

The jawed leech Philobdella floridana (Verrill, 1874) occurs widely in swamps of the southeastern United States. The discovery of a population of P. floridana in Lake Phelps, an isolated lake in the Albemarle Peninsula in the Outer Banks region of North Carolina, is by far the northernmost record for this species. Description of the Lake Phelps leech in this paper is the first comprehensive account of the internal anatomy of P. floridana. Comparable internal descriptions of P. floridana from other geographic regions are also presented for the first time. This new understanding of the internal features of this species is the basis of a taxonomic revision of P. floridana.        All specimens examined in this study possessed remarkably similar jaws and teeth within the range of 22–26 per jaw, regardless of the size or origin of the leech. All mature specimens possessed external copulatory slits and pores which uniquely characterise the genus Philobdella. This study shows for the first time that these external features are attributable to a complex internal network of gastropores emanating from the crop caeca of the genital segments. Nonetheless, the reproductive anatomy of this species is by far the most rudimentary of any Hirudinidae in North America.        A major finding of this study is that the Lake Phelps population differs significantly from other known P. floridana in one significant respect. Specifically, the gut has an intimate anatomical association with the nephridia, an enteronephric feature previously unknown within the Hirudinea. At least in this study, enteronephry may be confined to Lake Phelps, leaving open the possibility that this population of P. floridana may be endemic to this relict lake which has a history of endemicity.
A new species of Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the northern Western Ghats parts of Maharashtra, India
Authors: PHUGE SAMADHAN , DINESH K.P. , ANDHALE RAMNATH , BHAKARE KALYANI , PANDIT RADHAKRISHNA
Published: January 2019

In the recent past the systematic position and taxonomy of genus Fejervarya, Bolkay is undergoing changes in its systematic position due to fairly good amount of phylogenetic resolution, cryptic morphological characters and lack of systematic sampling for phylogenetic studies across the range of distribution. In our sampling in the northern Western Ghats, we encountered a new lineage sister to the phylogenetic cluster which comprises the 'Rufescens complex'. This new lineage is described here as new species Fejervarya marathi sp. nov. based on distinctness in a combination of morphological characters, genetic distance and geography. The problems in morphological groupings for the Fejervarya frogs of the Western Ghats in the recent studies are discussed with the sub-clade composition based on geography in the phylogenetic tree.
Vehicle-mounted net sampling of airborne Heteroptera (Hemiptera) in western Liberia, West Africa: 2. Tingidae, Nabidae, Aradidae, Lygaeoidea, Pyrrhocoridae, Alydidae, with bibliographical inventory
Authors: KRÜGER ANDREAS
Published: January 2019

Notes on the heteropteran fauna in Liberia, their taxonomy and general distribution are reported for Tingidae, Nabidae, Aradidae, Blissidae, Cymidae, Lygaeidae, Ninidae, Rhyparochromidae, Pyrrhocoridae and Alydidae, collected by a vehicle-mounted net. Fourty-five species were discovered, 36 of which are new records for Liberia. Previously published country records for 31 species supplement the checklist. In addition, the following new taxa are described: Nabidae: Alloeorhynchus minutulus sp. nov.; Rhyparochromidae: Botocudo kpellensis sp. nov., B. liberiensis sp. nov., Mizaldus sylvaticus sp. nov..
Cotesia itororensis sp. nov. from Brazilian savanna: a new reared microgastrine wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) described using an integrative taxonomic approach
Authors: DE SOUSA-LOPES BRUNO , WHITFIELD JAMES BRYAN , SALGADO-NETO GERALDO , DEL-CLARO KLEBER
Published: January 2019

A new species of microgastrine wasp, Cotesia itororensis Sousa-Lopes & Whitfield, sp. nov., is described from a Brazilian savanna area in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. This species is a koinobiont endoparasitoid recorded from caterpillars of Oospila pallidaria (Schaus, 1897) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), feeding on Mimosa setosa var. paludosa (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). Morphological, molecular, biological, ecological and geographical data are used to describe the new species and distinguish it from others formally recorded for the Neotropical region.
What Is Happening in Sweden?
Authors: Burström Bo
Published: January 2019

Election to the parliament was held in Sweden on 9 September 2018. None of the traditional political blocks obtained a majority of the vote. The nationalist Sweden Democrats party increased their share of the vote from 13% in 2014 elections to 17% of the vote in 2018. As no traditional political block wants to collaborate with the Sweden Democrats, no new government has yet been formed, more than 2 months after the election. Health care was a prominent issue in the elections. Health care in Sweden is universal and tax-funded, with a strong emphasis on equity. However, recent reforms have emphasized market-orientation and privatization in order to increase access to care, and may not contribute to equity. In spite of a majority of the population being opposed to profits being made on publicly funded services, privatization of health and social care has increased in the last decades. The background to this is described. Health is improving in Sweden, but inequalities remain and increase. The Swedish Public Health Policy from 2003 has been revised in 2018, on the basis of a national review of inequalities in health. The revised policy further emphasizes reducing inequalities in health.
Charred Root of Meaning: Rupture and Continuity in Christian Tradition
Authors: Rosemann Philipp W.
Published: January 2019

Until very recently, the theological literature approached tradition almost exclusively as a phenomenon of continuity. But tradition involves several forms of rupture, both in its beginning and in its development. This paper distinguishes four: irruption (of the divine), forgetting, ‘destruction’ (together with retrieval/repetition), and exclusion. The argument draws on philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault, and Jean-Luc Marion, but it is scripturally rooted and finds confirmation in Christian authors like Denys the Carthusian, Martin Luther, and Henri de Lubac.
The Lockean Influence on Newman’s Epistemology: An Historical Analysis Describing Newman’s Engagement with Locke’s Ideas
Authors: Walker Becky
Published: January 2019

This article discusses John Locke’s positive contribution to Newman’s epistemology throughout the latter’s career. Beginning with one of Newman’s earliest published works, his Essay on Miracles, he borrowed and further developed ideas from Locke’s A Discourse on Miracles regarding the necessity of miracles to validate the Christian message and the personal nature and cumulative method of weighing evidence. Later, in Newman’s most mature epistemological work, An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent, one can discern Locke’s influence on Newman’s views on the weaknesses of deductive logic, the personal nature of knowledge, and the role of connecting ideas to arrive at knowledge.
Nanocomposites based on chain extended poly(l-lactic acid)/carboxylated carbon nanotubes: Crystallization kinetics and lamellar morphology
Authors: Yousefzade Omid , Franco Lourdes , Nami Mahsa , Puiggali Jordi , Garmabi Hamid
Published: January 2019

Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(l-lactide) and its nanocomposites with different multiwalled carbon nanotubes (i.e., pristine and functionalized) were investigated. The effects of chain extension and nanofiller content on the crystallization kinetics were also explored. The Avrami analysis was applied as a useful tool for the study of isothermal crystallization kinetics, which was also supported by optical microscopy observations. In addition, in nonisothermal crystallization process, the Avrami and Mo methodologies were used to study the crystallization kinetics as well as the evaluation of activation energy from isoconversional methods. The activation energy was always negative for the process driven by the secondary nucleation. Great differences were found between the studied samples, but activation energy values indicated a favored crystallization (i.e., less negative energies) when functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes were added at a concentration of 0.2 wt%. Cold crystallization was also influenced by the multiwalled carbon nanotube content due to the nucleating effect and the existence of geometrical constrictions that limited the size of crystalline domains. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies showed that the size of crystal lamellae after cold crystallization could vary by a magnitude of 3 nm depending on the way as the sample was previously cooled (i.e., by the presence of incipient crystalline domains).
Student Practice Opportunities in Core Mathematics Instruction: Exploring for a Goldilocks Effect for Kindergartners With Mathematics Difficulties
Authors: Doabler Christian T. , Gearin Brian , Baker Scott K. , Stoolmiller Mike , Kennedy Patrick C. , Clarke Ben , Nelson Nancy J. , Fien Hank , Smolkowski Keith
Published: January 2019

Opportunities for practice play a critical role in learning complex behaviors. In the context of explicit mathematics instruction, practice facilitates systematic opportunities for students with mathematics difficulties (MD) to learn new mathematics content and apply such knowledge and skills to novel mathematics problems. This study explored whether there is an optimal amount of student practice that teachers should provide in core mathematics instruction to maximize the mathematics achievement of kindergarten students with MD, a so called “Goldilocks effect,” as opposed to simply “more is better.” Results from observation data collected in a large-scale efficacy trial supported the latter rather than the former. Specifically, we found that three individual practice opportunities for every explicit teacher demonstration of mathematical content was associated with increased mathematics achievement for students with MD relative to fewer practice opportunities. Implications for facilitating frequent student practice opportunities during core mathematics instruction and designing professional development for teachers who work with students with MD are discussed.
Perceived Exertion and Affect From Tai Chi, Yoga, and Stretching Classes for Elderly Women
Authors: Follador Lucio , Alves Ragami C. , Ferreira Sandro dos S. , Silva Aldo C. , Silva Sergio G. da
Published: January 2019

Tai Chi, yoga, and stretching regimens are gaining popularity as alternatives to more traditional exercise, but there is scant research regarding participants’ perceived exertion and affective responses to these practices. We compared experienced states of perceived exertion, feelings of pleasure/displeasure, and arousal in 70 elderly women enrolled in groups of Tai Chi ( n = 26), yoga ( n = 25), or stretching ( n = 19) classes. Mean rates of perceived exertion, feelings of pleasure, and arousal responses were significantly higher over the time course of all three groups, while the overall mean perceived exertion ( Somewhat Hard on the Borg CR-10 scale) and pleasure responses (∼ Very Good on the Feeling Scale) were similar between them. The circumplex model of affect showed that changes occurred in the high-activation pleasure quadrant (energy on the Felt Arousal Scale). From a practical perspective, the exercise intensity and affective responses elicited during these classes made participants feel good and infused with energy, likely creating a positive memory and reinforcing continued physical activity participation.
A tale of interfaith marriage
Authors: Cohen Charles L.
Published: January 2019

Interfaith marriage is a form of interreligious communication based on two animating principles: members of different religions can and should listen to each other without feeling impelled to defend the superiority of their own traditions, and the foremost goal of such exercises is not to learn about but from each other. The author narrates how he and his wife have tried to implement these values in their own marriage, joining to celebrate God together through sharing (but not dissolving) their different liturgical and theological backgrounds. Making such a decision strains against tribal instincts to protect strict confessional boundaries, but, in an increasingly interconnected world, unyielding commitment to the supremacy of one’s own religion may inhibit exercising the injunction to care for humanity that all faiths preach.
Missionaries as bridge builders in Buddhist kingdoms: Amity amid radical difference
Authors: Pascal Eva M.
Published: January 2019

Buddhism and Christianity are major world religions that both make universal and often competing claims about the nature of the world and ultimate reality. These claims are difficult to reconcile and often go to the core of Buddhist and Christian worldviews. This article looks at the age of encounter in the early modern period for ways Christians and Buddhists forged friendship through common spiritual commitments and action. Beyond seeking theological and philosophical exchange, convergences along spirituality and practice proved important vehicles for friendship. With the examples of Christian–Buddhist friendship from historical case studies, this article explores the ways contemporary Christian expressions of spiritual practice and advocacy allows Christians to connect with Buddhists. Early modern encounters have important lessons for furthering Christian–Buddhist friendship that may also be applied to other religious traditions.
Who is saved? A friendlier answer to a modern question?
Authors: Muck Terry C.
Published: January 2019

The question “Who is saved?” is widely asked in the context of multifaith discussions. Unfortunately, the question—and its many answers—create more heat than light. Is there a friendlier answer to the question than the ones we usually give? An answer that will foster interfaith friendships? Or perhaps there is a better question we should be asking?
Assessing the Impact of Time Spent in Restrictive Housing Confinement on Subsequent Measures of Institutional Adjustment Among Men in Prison
Authors: Labrecque Ryan M. , Smith Paula
Published: January 2019

Proponents of restrictive housing argue that its use is an effective deterrent of antisocial behavior, while its critics maintain that the setting causes serious psychological damage and increases noncompliance with institutional rules and expectations. Unfortunately, few studies exist that examine the influence of restrictive housing on behavioral outcomes. This investigation adds to this gap in knowledge by assessing the impact of time spent in restrictive housing confinement on subsequent measures of institutional adjustment among men in prison. Logistic regression analyses reveal no statistically significant relationships between the number of days spent in restrictive housing and subsequent measures of institutional misconduct, and uncover a small, but significant, negative relationship with subsequent placement in restrictive housing. The research and policy implications of these results are discussed.
Disability, Psychological Well-Being, and Social Interaction in Later Life in China
Authors: Hsieh Ning , Waite Linda
Published: January 2019

Many studies show that disability predicts lower social participation and poorer psychological well-being. However, few have examined how disability, social interaction, and psychological well-being interrelate with one another. We use diary data from World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health, 2007–2010 ( N = 8,771) and mediation analysis to examine the links between disability, daily social interaction, and the momentary and global well-being of older adults in China. We find suggestive support for the hypothesis that psychological well-being predicts social interaction in the context of disablement, but little evidence for the converse. Specifically, in a cross-sectional analysis, disability predicts lower levels of momentary affect, happiness, and life satisfaction, which are linked to spending more time alone and participating in fewer activities with grandchildren, friends, and coworkers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a less active social life is explained by poor functional performance and compromised psychological vibrancy.
Towards a morally defensible concept of toleration: Insights from ancient Chinese thinking
Authors: Wang Pei
Published: January 2019

The diversification of the world has given us the opportunity to live with different people. This kind of diversification brings not only adventure and excitements but also interaction with people and their habits that we do not agree with. In response, toleration has become the common sense of people in modern society. However, what is the meaning of the word toleration? What moral emotions underlie the practice of toleration? This article puts forward a morally defensible concept of toleration inspired by ancient Chinese thinking. I first discuss the etymology of the word toleration from Anglophone and Chinese perspectives, and then analyse three problematical emotional attitudes towards others (disgust, indifference and hunting for novelty) and critique the spirit of exclusion in the dominant Anglophone understanding of toleration. Finally, I analyse a morally defensible concept of toleration based on the ‘the dao of zhong and shu’ (忠恕之道) that also served as the ideal underpinning political unity and appreciation for cultural diversity in ancient China.