bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunological discrimination of diverse forms of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor.
Authors: Wawrzos I , Kitagawa Y , Kołoczek H
Published: January 2020

The immunodiffusion cross-reactivity and competitive inhibition ELISA assays were used for immunological differentiation of latent form, cleaved form and guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl) induced polymer of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). Under the conditions studied, the differences between latent form and GuHCl-induced polymers of the inhibitor in terms of immunological response were estimated to amount to about 30% and differences between latent and cleaved alpha 1-PI to about 50%. The immunodiffusion and ELISA data for citrate-induced polymers suggest that in their structure the latent molecule is involved. On the basis of competitive inhibition data, we suggest that the alpha 1-PI protein polymerisation involves insertion of the reactive-site loop (RSL) into the A-sheet under mild conditions and that in the latent form of the inhibitor RSL is incompletely inserted into the A-sheet.
Biosynthesis and distribution of leucocyte elastase inhibitor. Production of recombinant inhibitor.
Authors: Kasza A , Korpula-Mastalerz R , Rose-John S , Dubin A
Published: January 2020

The horse leucocyte elastase inhibitor (HLEI), present in neutrophils, monocytes and bone marrow cells, is apparently a cytoplasmic protein which is not released from cells even in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol ester, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 or elastin degradation products. Although no expression of the inhibitor was detected in neutrophils, both monocytes and bone marrow cells were efficient in its synthesis. Using a new expression vector pREST5d, recombinant inhibitor was produced in a large quantity in a soluble form, with a yield of 88 mg per 10 litres of E. coli culture. A two-step purification procedure, consisting of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, yielded 36 mg of the recombinant inhibitor of a purity higher than 95%, as judged by SDS/PAGE. The recombinant protein had physicochemical and kinetic properties indistinguishable from those of the natural one, including irreversible elastase inhibition with an association rate constant kass > 10(7) M-1s-1. Both proteins were eliminated from rat circulation at the same ratio, and within the first 20 min 70% of the protein was removed. Such a short half-life in the circulation suggests that local delivery of HLEI directly to lungs in the form of aerosol could be a more efficient therapeutic approach than its intravenous injection.
A possible application of cathepsin B activity determination for estimating the spread of the cervix uteri carcinoma.
Authors: Makarewicz R , Drewa G
Published: January 2020

The value of cathepsin B activity determination for evaluation of the extent of disease was investigated in 98 patients with the cervix uteri carcinoma and 25 women with cervix uteri dysplasia. The measurements were performed before treatment. Cathepsin B activity was estimated in serum using Z-Phe-Arg-NMec, and in tumor tissue using Z-Arg-Arg-pNA . HCl as substrates. The mean activity of the enzyme increased both in serum and tumor tissue with progression of neoplastic disease and was dependent on the clinical stage of cervical carcinoma. It should be stressed, however, that among the patients with the clinically observed early stage of the disease, higher cathepsin B activity was observed in those in whom metastases to pelvic lymph nodes were detected than in those in whom the disease was limited to cervix uteri.
Telomerase as a therapeutic target.
Authors: Huminiecki L
Published: January 2020

Ribonucleoprotein telomerase is an enzyme that elongates telomeric DNA. In cells without detectable telomerase activity telomeres shorten with every cell generation and reaching critical length is a signal for cell death. Normal human somatic cells express undetectable, or low (bone marrow and peripheral leukocytes), telomerase activity. Reactivation of telomerase (immortalization) is probably necessary during development of a fully malignant cancer. Consequently, telomerase was proposed to be a therapeutic target for the cancer therapy. Potential results (including side-effects) of telomerase inhibition are being considered. After all, telomerase inhibition can be useful not only in the therapy, but also in cancer biology research, elucidating ageing and immortalization phenomena.
Nucleotide sequence of c-H-ras-1 gene from B6C3F1 mice.
Authors: Przybojewska B , Płucienniczak G
Published: January 2020

The c-H-ras-1 gene of an B6C3F1 mouse was isolated and nucleotide sequence determined. Our study has revealed that this c-H-ras-1 gene consists of four exons, separated by three introns ranging in size from 150 to 649 bp. The coding parts of the sequence of mouse c-H-ras-1 gene show no important differences as compared with those of the rat, hamster and human gene. More numerous changes were found in introns. The identity of mouse c-H-ras-1 gene with rat, hamster and human ones at the nucleotide level is 86.40%, 80.04% and 67.87%, respectively. Comparison of amino acids in protein sequence of c-H-ras gene of mouse, rat, hamster and human points to high degree of conservation of the gene.
Identification of Recharge Controls For Groundwater Aquifer System By Stable Water Isotopes
Authors: Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi , Suganda Bombom Rachmat , Barkah Mochamad Nursiyam , Satrio - , Hendarmawan -
Published: January 2020

A decrease in groundwater level, especially shallow groundwater, occurred in the residential areas, and Padjadjaran University of Jatinangor part of Manglayang slope, a volcanic region at West Java Indonesia. This is due to an imbalance between groundwater input and extraction. This research aims to compile data on physical characteristics of rock lithology containing groundwater, and identifying various layers of groundwater carriers. Groundwater samples were taken in the aquifer system at the study area of the Manglayang volcanic region, and analyses using the composition diagram method and chemical analysis were conducted. The old volcanic deposit was found based on geological mapping, hydrogeology, electrical sounding measure, and boring in the area at the distal and media regime. The tuff deposit with pale soil, young deposit product is dominant in the area where there are lava and lava dome that reached the peak. There are also three types of lava, which is basalt augite, basalt, and andesite. Springwater was found at the 650 - 800 mdpl elevation. It has the facies Ca, Mg HCO3 (Calcium, Magnesium bicarbonate), and facies Mg HCO3 (Magnesium bicarbonate). The area has a local groundwater flow system above the elevation of 900 MSL and an intermediate groundwater flow system below elevation 900 MSL. The study found water catchment area is located in two places, which are zone in the elevation 900 to 1100 m with local flow patterns and 1379 m to 1697 m   system intermediate. From these results, a zoning map can be developed based on the distribution of rocks and the sequences of rock formation. The study can also be utilized to determine the conservation zones' location based on the forms of delivery from each layer of rock.
Monte Carlo Tree Search in Finding Feasible Solutions for Course Timetabling Problem
Authors: Goh Say Leng , Kendall Graham , Sabar Nasser R.
Published: January 2020

We are addressing the course timetabling problem in this work. In a university, students can select their favorite courses each semester. Thus, the general requirement is to allow them to attend lectures without clashing with other lectures. A feasible solution is a solution where this and other conditions are satisfied. Constructing reasonable solutions for course timetabling problem is a hard task. Most of the existing methods failed to generate reasonable solutions for all cases. This is since the problem is heavily constrained and an eï¬€ective method is required to explore and exploit the search space. We utilize Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) in finding feasible solutions for the first time. In MCTS, we build a tree incrementally in an asymmetric manner by sampling the decision space. It is traversed in the best-first manner. We propose several enhancements to MCTS like simulation and tree pruning based on a heuristic. The performance of MCTS is compared with the methods based on graph coloring heuristics and Tabu search. We test the solution methodologies on the three most studied publicly available datasets. Overall, MCTS performs better than the method based on graph coloring heuristic; however, it is inferior compared to the Tabu based method. Experimental results are discussed.
Predicting Students’ Course Performance Based on Learners’ Characteristics via Fuzzy Modelling Approach
Authors: Teh Chee Siong , Lee Shu Hsien , Barawi Mohamad Hardyman
Published: January 2020

Frequent assessment allows instructors to ensure students have met the course learning objectives. Due to lack of instructor-student interaction, most of the assessment feedbacks and early interventions are not carried out in the large class size. This study is to proposes a new way of assessing student course performance using a fuzzy modeling approach. The typical steps in designing a fuzzy expert system include specifying the problem, determining linguistic variables, defining fuzzy sets as well as obtaining and constructing fuzzy rules is deployed. An educational expert is interviewed to define the relationship between the factors and student course performance. These steps help to determine the range of fuzzy sets and fuzzy rules in fuzzy reasoning. After the fuzzy assessing system has been built, it is used to compute the course performances of the students. The subject expert is asked to validate and verify system performance. Findings show that the developed system provides a faster and more effective way for instructors to assess the course performances of students in large class sizes.  However, in this study, the system is developed based on 150 historical student data and only a total of six factors related to course performance are considered. It is expected that considering more historical student data and adding more factors as the variables help to increase the accuracy of the system.
Extraction, Nanoemulsion Development and the Toxicity of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) to Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: Astriani Dian , Martono Edhi , Harjaka Tri , Witjaksono -
Published: January 2020

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a complex long branch and unsaturated phenolic compound with insecticidal potential. The main toxic component of CNSL is anacardic acid and its recovery amount is influenced by the extraction processes. Currently, mechanical extraction is the most effective and efficient technique for extracting CNSL from cashew nut shells. This study was conducted to observe the characteristics of CNSL as a botanical insecticide. This study aimed to determine toxicity and develop a nanoemulsion formulation for maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) control. Cashew nut shells were cut into 2-3 cm and heated at 80oC in a oven for 8 hours until moisture content reached 12.8%. In each process, 3 extractions were carried out using a mechanical centrifugal press (Honda GX 160 H1, Capacity: 0.6 L). Then the average CNSL extracted was calculated. An HPLC analysis was carried out to identify anacardic acid in CNSL extracts The results showed that CNSL extracted from cashew nut shell in this study ranged from 16.67 - 21.15%, with an average of 18.43%. The type of organic solvent used in CNSL formulation affected its toxicity against maize weevil. Compared to the methanol and ethanol solvents, acetone resulted in the highest toxicity of CNSL formulations with LC50 contact and feed respectively 32855 (2466 - 4036) ppm and 54750 (4287 - 6161) ppm. The CNSL nanoemulsions formulations has the potential to increase its toxicity against maize weevil. CNSL nanoformulation with heating treatment resulted in lower anacardic acid and lower toxicity against maize weevil by <60% compared with a similar formulation without heating.
Digitalizing Historical Documents in the Current Disruptive Industrial Era
Authors: Jayadi Karta , Agung Muhammad , Abduh Amirullah , Patak Andi Anto
Published: January 2020

Since not many studies conducted in the area of digitalization of historical documents, this study is undoubtedly significant to carry out. Specifically, this study explores the importance and the benefits of digitalizing historical documents. The ethnographic research uses questionnaires and interviews for data collection. The questionnaire items are made available digitally so that participants in this study can complete and submit to the researchers digitally. The questionnaire items are analyzed digitally using google drive software and the interviews are analyzed qualitatively to triangulate data from the questionnaires. The participants of the study included 40 respondents who are both art observers and academics. The researchers choose participants purposively because of their knowledge, their involvement in the digitalization, and their experiences in the historical documents. The result of the study shows that various perspectives appear from participants in the relation of the importance of digitalizing historical documents. More importantly, the digitalization can be a benefit for artists, academics, art observers, art lovers, and the public art community. Digitalization of historical documents can be useful for teaching and learning, research purposes, document history of civilization, marketing, socialization, portray of artists and prediction of the future of the civilization. This study implies that this research can be a model for exploring the digitalization of historical documents in a similar geographical setting worldwide.
The Implementation of Forecasting Method by Incorporating Human Judgment
Authors: Kholidasari Inna , Setiawati Lestari , Tartila Tartila
Published: January 2020

Business Forecasting (demand forecasting) is an extrapolation process to predict the events that will be happening in the future. Commonly, forecasting methods are divided by two approximations of procedure; those are quantitative and qualitative methods.   In a production system, it is important to predict the demand for the next period. This prediction is done by doing the demand forecasting task. This task is the basis of production planning and control in a production system. The case organization in this research deals with a huge number of products. The manager has to do the replenishment order of the product in every period. Usually, the managers do the forecast based on the demand of the last period. This task indeed not an easy task and sometimes the manager determines the ordering size based on she/he intuition and experience (human judgment). This procedure resulted in a high value of forecasting error that gives some impacts to inventory (occurring overstock and stock out). An appropriate forecasting method is needed to avoid the error value when the forecaster decides the size of demand for the next period. This study aims to investigate an appropriate forecasting method for the business retailer by incorporating human judgment. By using 28 period of time series data from a retailer in Surian, Solok Selatan, West Sumatra, quantitative forecasting methods (Mean, Moving Average, Single Exponential Smoothing (Î± = 0.1)), qualitative forecasting method (pure judgment), and the combination of quantitative and qualitative forecasting methods are used for the purpose of data analyses. The finding of the research shows that the quantitative forecasting method has a clear procedure to do forecasting tasks and suitable for the products that have time-series data. Furthermore, qualitative forecasting method such as human judgment is needed for a particular situation (for example for the new products, promotion event, etc.) and when managers have some contextual information regarding the products under concern.
Solid State Lighting: A Summarization of Advancements
Authors: Subramanian Balaji , Srivastava Nakul , Bagchi Shreya , Rajini G.K , Rajalakshmi S
Published: January 2020

Solid State Lighting is a rapidly growing new technology in the field of lighting. By utilizing the concepts of solid-state physics and electronics, it generates light. Light emitting diodes and organic light emitting diodes pose several advantages over the current lighting technology but they still require development and research for using them to their full potential. In this paper the characteristics, sources of uncertainty, and market status of light emitting diode are reviewed to provide more suitable research directions for advancement in the field of solid-state lighting. Challenges faced by Light emitting diodes for maintaining color and visual comfort are also illustrated. Failure modes and environmental impact of light emitting diodes are also analysed. Quantum dot based solid state lightening is also presented to study the chromatic characteristics.  Some critical factors of concern for broader application of light emitting diodes and additional enhancements in electrical, optical, temperature characteristic, high power output and color furnishing capabilities are also demonstrated in paper. Light emitting diodes wattage output and efficiency are also discussed for practical viability of solid state devices in emerging fields. The extension lead of current LED technology in evolving applications are considered as accumulation of numerous technologies such as wireless, communication, sensors and control engineering. Undoubtedly, LED engineering is contemporary and the price maybe unreasonable. Nevertheless, it will find its usage in very nearly all applications and the initiation of new techniques that might lessen the cost.
Climate Change Represented by Seasonal Rainfall, Temperature, and Wind Speed Trends in North Coastal of Java, Indonesia: Implications on Marine Capture Fisheries
Authors: Mulyasari Gita , Irham - , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu , Suryantini Any , Prawito Priyono
Published: January 2020

Climate change poses a significant threats to the livelihoods of people living in coastal areas, especially in the developing world. Consequently, locally relevant data are necessary to inform for livelihood adaptation planning.  This study provides empirical information on historical and future seasonal climate trends based on observation and modeling. Modeling is a necessary tool for assessing future impacts of climate change.  This study focuses in the North Coastal of Java,  which is one of the most vulnerable regions of Indonesia, and where communities are highly dependent on capture fisheries.   This paper presents information for historical and future seasonal climate trends in Northern Coast Regional of Java (NCRJ), Indonesia, where livelihoods are highly vulnerable to current climate change.  Historical climate trend is investigated using observational data from two climate stations in NCJ, which are Tegal Station of Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (Tegal SMCGA) and Semarang Station of Climatological and Geophysical Agency (Semarang SMCGA) from 1978 - 2017.  Future climate is examined using a climate time trends model and predicted to 2100.   Changes in temperature and wind speed of the NCJ are influenced by time and are expected to continue to increase every year. Temperature is suggested to increase by around 0.024 and 0.035, while wind speed also increased by 0.052. Temperature and wind speed changes that continue to increase each year indicate that the NCRJ is one of the coastal areas in Indonesia vulnerable to the climate change effects.
A Gesture-based Recognition System for Augmented Reality
Authors: Kasinathan Vinothini , Mustapha Aida , Nur Fajrillah Asti Amalia
Published: January 2020

With the geometrical improvement in Information Technology, current conventional input devices are becoming increasingly obsolete and lacking. Experts in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) are convinced that input devices remain the bottleneck of information acquisition specifically in when using Augmented Reality (AR) technology. Current input mechanisms are unable to compete with this trend towards naturalness and expressivity which allows users to perform natural gestures or operations and convert them as input. Hence, a more natural and intuitive input device is imperative, specifically gestural inputs that have been widely perceived by HCI experts as the next big input device. To address this gap, this project is set to develop a prototype of hand gesture recognition system based on computer vision in modeling basic human-computer interactions. The main motivation in this work is a technology that requires no outfitting of additional equipment whatsoever by the users. The gesture-based had recognition system was implemented using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology and was evaluated in terms of its usability and performance through five levels of testing, which are unit testing, integration testing, system testing, recognition accuracy testing, and user acceptance testing. The test results of unit, integration, system testing as well as user acceptance testing produced favorable results. In conclusion, current conventional input devices will continue to bottleneck this advancement in technology; therefore, a better alternative input technique should be looked into, in particularly, gesture-based input technique which offers user a more natural and intuitive control.
The Design and Performance of Continuous Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Flour Mills
Authors: Hermanto Mochamad Bagus , Widjanarko Simon Bambang , Suprapto Wahyono , Suryanto Agus
Published: January 2020

Indonesian Porang flour (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is made into glucomannan flour because of its beneficial health effects. However, the challenge in producing flour is calcium oxalate which must be eliminated, because it can irritate the skin and may cause a kidney stones if the flour is consumed. Over the past 10 years, several batch grinding methods have been used to produce good quality Porang flour. However, there has been no research on the continuous method of grinding Porang flour using a ball mill. Both the stamp mill and batch type ball mill processes had low production capacities. Therefore, the aim of this work is to design a Continuous Porang Flour Mill (CPFM) machine and test its performance for Porang flour production. The CPFM machine consists of a continuous ball mill and a cyclone separator. The experiments were carried out at a ball mill rotation speed of 65 ± 1 rpm, with a capacity of up to 780.67 g / h input of chip material, producing an output of 33.1 - 57.1%. The CPFM meets the low-temperature grinding requirements but is still needed to provide acoustic hearing protection for the operator due to the high level of loudness. CPFM produces Porang flour with glucomannan levels ranging from 80.79% to 87.79% and calcium oxalate ranging from 0.12% to 0.29%. The calcium oxalate content overall was under 0.3%, which is better compared when compared to other milling methods.
Cloud Based Performance Data Analysis and Monitoring System for Express Bus in Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Rosilah , Abdul Jabar Husna Inani , Hasan Mohammad Khatim , Lam Meng Chun , Wan Hussain Wan Mohd Hirwani
Published: January 2020

Road accidents are often associated with developing countries. One of the developing countries with high traffic accidents is Malaysia. Buses are also no exception in cases of road accidents. Express buses are the main public transportation used by Malaysians to move to other states. However, many road accidents involve express buses arise from driver attitudes, uncertain weather conditions, bus health conditions, and the road environment. Thus, the study was conducted to design and build prototype cloud-based monitoring systems that could analyze the raw data received. The study can help the bus management to monitor the health of the bus in real-time using Big Data Analysis technology using the appropriate cloud-computing platform. This study was conducted to develop an express bus analysis and monitoring system in Malaysia, where the system would have a dashboard that would produce the analysis of raw data (strain and time value) from the Internet of Things (IoT) tools such as sensors, smartphones, and others in the form of info-graphics. The results of this study indicate that rural travel has resulted in the deformation of equipment and hardware such as engines or tires due to the high strain percentage of 321.49%. Therefore, buses that use rural roads are more comfortable to experience damage. For cities and highways, the strains are low with negative values where the city has a percentage of 1.69x10-2% and the highway has a percentage of -1.98x10-3%, with the very low rate, deformation will not occur in a short time, so the equipment and the hardware will be in good condition for a long period. In conclusion, this study has succeeded in generating an analysis and monitoring prototype system, as well as this analytical and monitoring system design can be used in the real phase of developing the system.
An Efficient Phase-Based Binarization Method for Degraded Historical Documents
Authors: Sulaiman Alaa , Omar Khairuddin , Nasrudin Mohammad F.
Published: January 2020

Document image binarization is the first essential step in digitalizing images and is considered an essential technique in both document image analysis applications and optical character recognition operations, the binarization process is used to obtain a binary image from the original image, binary image is the proper presentation for image segmentation, recognition, and restoration as underlined by several studies which assure that the next step of document image analysis applications depends on the binarization result.  However, old and historical document images mainly suffering from several types of degradations, such as bleeding through the blur, uneven illumination and other types of degradations which makes the binarization process a difficult task. Therefore, extracting of foreground from a degraded background relies on the degradation, furthermore it also depends on the type of used paper and document age. Developed binarization methods are necessary to decrease the impact of the degradation in document background. To resolve this difficulty, this paper proposes an effective, enhanced binarization technique for degraded and historical document images. The proposed method is based on enhancing an existing binarization method by modifying parameters and adding a post-processing stage, thus improving the resulting binary images. This proposed technique is also robust, as there is no need for parameter tuning. After using document image binarization Contest (DIBCO) datasets to evaluate this proposed technique, our findings show that the proposed method efficiency is promising, producing better results than those obtained by some of the winners in the DIBCO.
Investigating the Relevant Agro Food Keyword in Malaysian Online Newspapers
Authors: Mohamad Mohsin Mohamad Farhan , Kamaruddin Siti Sakira , Siraj Fadzilah , Hambali Hamirul Aini , Taiye Mohammed Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Online newspaper is a valuable resource of information for decision making. To extract relevant information from them is a challenging process when their volume is massive, and its knowledge is in an unstructured form that is scattered on every page.  This situation becomes more complicated when different news providers have different styles of journalism when reporting a similar event and use different concepts and terms.  In this study, we examined the three Malaysian English online newspapers in order to identify knowledge in terms of the most relevant keywords used in daily online news. The news articles related to Agro-food industries were taken from online news websites - The Star Online, The Sun Daily, and The News Straits Times. During the extraction, about 458 Agro-food industries news articles were scrapped from the website within the time frame of 2014-2017.  The keywords were extracted using the RAKE algorithm and were classified into 4 groups i.e. agriculture, livestock, fishery and miscellaneous. The agriculture keywords group was found as the most frequent keywords in all newspapers (58%) and it was followed by the livestock (23%), fishery (12%), and miscellaneous (7%). Through the analysis, there were 146 Agro-related keywords found in all newspapers, repeated 720 times, and the highest Agro terms were found in The Star Online (35.13%), followed by The Sun Daily (33.78%), and The News Straits Times (31.08%). There were 12 Agro keywords0 which considered as the most relevant when they appear in all newspapers- palm oil, rice, fruits, fish, vegetable, livestock, paddy, crop, chicken, animal, meat, and beef. The ‘palm oil’ is the most popular keyword among the three newspapers and it was found 37 times (38.9%) in The Star Online, 26 times (37.9%) in News Straits Time, and repeated 22 times (23.2%) in the Sun. The identified keywords can be recommended as input to form a future Agro inventory.
Design of Bentor Steering System Using Tie-Rod
Authors: Zulhaji - , Yahya Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The mobility of the people in the suburbs is very high, especially the Angkot (Pete-pete) only reaches the main road so that to take the remote lane is now used Bentor transportation that can take remote lanes and housing. The issue of eradicating ridges has been developing in the cemetery because Bentor transport vehicles are not roadworthy because to turn them must move like a place where passengers interfere with passenger safety. This, of course, will reduce employment and increase unemployment, so the policy recommendations for benthic operations are very open, especially in areas not covered by public transportation. These recommendations include changing the steering system so that only the front wheel moves when turning. The results of the design and research of the Bentor steering system using a tie-rod make it easier for the driver to turn and provide a sense of security and comfort to the passengers because they are no longer driven when turning, the driver does not bend his body, this indicates that the steering system can function properly. The results of the Bentor steering measurements using a tie rod are obtained as appropriate camber, caster and toe angles and have a turning angle of 40O, so that they can turn better than ordinary Bentor.
Structural and Green Infrastructure Mitigation Alternatives Prevent Ciliwung River from Water-related Landslide
Authors: Salve Prastica Rian Mantasa , Apriatresnayanto Riko , Marthanty Dwinanti Rika
Published: January 2020

Landslide is one of the most dangerous hazards worldwide. It could be caused by several factors and could have a massive destructive impact on the environment. A landslide event occurred in one of the urban cities in Indonesia. In the middle of 2002, a landslide disaster due to rainfall occurred in the Ciliwung River’s floodplain, precisely in the South Jakarta area. The landslide profoundly affected large areas of the region and seriously injured many people. Several circumstances that could trigger landslide occurrences are the building load in the settlement area around the river, increase in the rainfall intensity, slope, and soil characteristics in the Ciliwung River area. This research proposes a combination of nonstructural and structural disaster mitigation methods for water-related landslide by investigating the safety factor (SF) of the river bank’s slope in one of the impacted sites, i.e., the area under the main bridge of Grand Depok City regency. This site is located in the boundary area between Depok City and South Jakarta. The authors simulate analytical and numerical modeling to estimate the SF of the slopes. This research concludes that the minimum SF in the analyzed location is recognized as a safety criterion for society. The condition becomes less secure when an earthquake occurs. Furthermore, high rainfall intensity could become the worst scenario that generates considerable damage. The proposed structural mitigation for river bank with anchor or snail increases the SF. However, this reinforcement program is not recommended because of its high cost and ineffectiveness in solving problems. Hence, green infrastructure (GI) is highly suggested for nature-based mitigation to prevent rainfall-triggered landslides in the Ciliwung River area. The authors conduct the preliminary design of the study and recommend further analysis of GI or soil bioengineering to ensure its effectiveness and applicability in the research area.
Automatic Detection Brain Segmentation to Detect Brain Tumor Using MRI
Authors: Sigit Riyanto , Wulandari Annisa , Rofiqah Noor , Yuniarti Heny
Published: January 2020

Brain tumors are a type of disease in the form of lumps of meat that grow in the brain. In differentiating brain tumor tissue from normal tissue become a difficulty caused by the same colors are an obstacle in seeing brain tumors using MRI images. Accuracy is needed in analyzing brain tumors. However, currently, radiographers (radiologists) still analyze the results of manual MRI images of brain tumors. Therefore we need a method that is able to segment MRI images precisely and automatically, with the aim of obtaining faster and more accurate image segmentation of brain tumors so that we can know the percentage of brain tumors found in the brain. To overcome difficulties when segmenting brain tumors in separating brain tumor tissue from other tissues such as normal brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, fat, and edema, a learning-based system method that will carry out the training process uses Haar training to narrow the MRI image so that it is more focused on the part of the head object. Then median filtering is performed to maintain the edge of the image on the MRI image. Then the segmentation process using the thresholding method is run, then repeated to take the largest area. Segmentation of brain is carried out by marking the brain area and the area outside the brain using the DAS method and then cleaning the skull using the cropping method. In this research, 12 images of MRI brain tumors were used. The results of segmentation compared to area of the brain tumor and area of the brain tissue. The system obtains a calculation of the tumor area having an average error of 10,5%.
Extraction of Land Cover Units from Land Cover Components Based on Geometric Rules
Authors: Clementini Eliseo , Natali Stefano
Published: January 2020

Land cover units are aggregations of land cover components that are obtained by using criteria of homogeneity and proximity of basic components. For example, residential urban settlements can be defined as aggregations of single buildings, neighboring green spaces, paved surfaces and small roads, which are separated by more prominent land cover components, such as main roads or rivers. Land cover components belong to standard classes typically obtained by an automated classification process applied to aerial or satellite images, such as buildings, constructed areas, bare soil, water, vegetation, and the like. Land cover units belong to more general classes, obtained by a combination of land cover components, such as residential areas, industrial areas, road networks, river systems, and agricultural units. In this paper, we describe an approach based on the application of geometric rules and semantic constraints to extract land cover units from land cover components. We use spatial operators to extract composite land cover units from land cover databases, where spatial operators are taken from standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium. Expert knowledge needs to be translated into specific automatic procedures, called complex object definitions or CODs. Finally, we build a prototype system, where the user can choose among a set of available CODs to build a sequence of actions that lead to the discovery of knowledge. We discuss several study cases, such as the recognition of urban settlements, agricultural land units, and road networks.
Comparison Support Vector Machine and Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means based on the kernel for Knee Osteoarthritis data Classification
Authors: Rustam Zuherman , Pandelaki Jacub , Utami Dea Aulia , Hidayat Rahmat , Ramli Azizul Azhar
Published: January 2020

Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time and fails to be repaired. The common form of the disease is knee osteoarthritis while it can affect all body parts with joints, such as hands, ankles, hips, and spine. The major cause of knee osteoarthritis is the continuous depletion of its cartilage. During the diagnosis, machine learning is used because early prevention is necessary for proper treatment. This study, therefore, considers classification methods of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and clustering methods using fuzzy clusterings such as Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (FPCM), and Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means based on kernel (FPCMK) to analyze of knee osteoarthritis. SVM is a machine learning technique that works based on the principle of structural risk minimization (SRM) to obtain the best hyperplane to separate two or more classes in input space. Otherwise, the fuzzy clustering is to determine the value of a distance and to know and measure the similarity of each object to be observed. FPCMK uses the kernel Radial Base Function (RBF) in the fuzzy clustering method. The kernel function is applicable for handling non-separable data problems. This method will be compared to the level of the measured parameter; their accuracy, recall, precision, and f1 score. The greatest level of accuracy is generated from SVM with an accuracy value of 86.7%, then followed by FPCMK with an accuracy value of 85.5%.
The Success and Failure of New Rice Fieldprint Program in Mentawai Island Regency
Authors: Ridwan - , Effendi Nusyirwan , Tanjung Faidil , Asmawi Aswawi
Published: January 2020

The implementation of a new rice field at a print program in the district of the Mentawai Islands from 2011 to 2016 had not given satisfying results. The realization of the original rice field print in each location reached 70% at most. This was the reason why this research was implemented, which was to identify and to explain the aspects related to the success and the failure in achieving the New Rice Fieldprint in the district of the Mentawai Islands. This research used a combination method of concurrent embedded strategy, which was to combine qualitative and quantitative methods simultaneously. The primer data resource derived directly from the result of the questionnaire and interview with 13 people used as respondents. The data analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive with the help of the rating scale method, then it was analyzed by using descriptive qualitative through the help of interpretative analysis tools. This research concluded that the aspects that would be able to implement the New Rice Fieldprint program succeed were 5 aspects; included very influential elements such as qualified human resources and economic, social, and political supports in the location where the program/ policy was implemented.  On the other hand, the aspects that would be able to make the program fail were also 5 aspects. The most influential elements of the failure included the limited resources such as human resources, budget, labor, material, time, and even a geographical condition of the implemented program location was painful to access by land transportation.
The Impact of Palm Oil Mill Wastewater on the Soil Properties of Paddy Fields
Authors: Aprisal - , Taifur Werry Darta , Dwipa Indra , Aditia Putra Teguh Haria
Published: January 2020

A paddy field is a wetland area which always muddy and constantly flooded by irrigation. This land possesses impermeable layers, hence the irrigation water quality ought to be maintained, to prevent changes in its properties, as well as the paddy field features. Furthermore, wetland pollution by the palm oil mill wastewater PT BSS was experienced in June 2018, characterized by a lowered quality of water in the fields of Manggopoh Village, Agam District, West Sumatra. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to determine the effect of PT BSS palm oil mill wastewater on the quality of paddy fields, using a survey method to obtain samples through random sampling techniques. This research was conducted downstream, based on the direction of flow along the irrigation channel as well as on the uncontaminated fields upstream.  Furthermore, a ring and ground drill was used in the collection process, and analysis for physical and chemical properties was conducted in the Soil laboratory of the faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. Subsequently, the evaluation involved averaging the soil data, followed by a comparison with the criterion level of damage, and ANOVA was used to estimate the difference between sample point locations, at a significance level of 0.05%. The results obtained indicate the absence of any changes in soil properties, in contrast with the water characteristics that can cause damage because the paddy soil is in a saturated state. Thus, wastewater is unable to permeate the soil matrix. Hence, it does not change the properties, since the values obtained passed the threshold criteria for soil.
Identify the Objectâ€™s Shape using Augmented Reality Marker-based Technique.
Authors: Kaewrat Charlee , Boonbrahm Poonpong
Published: January 2020

At present, new technology affects daily life in both direct and indirect ways. Internet technology can connect people around the world through social networks. It can facilitate online shopping or e-commerce, which is the popular culture of today business. Contents provided in the online shopping must be in the form that customer can interact with, i.e., it must be converted from analog data to digital information. For apparel or clothing business, only picture and information of the dresses, such as size, color, etc., may not be enough, since the customer did not know whether it will fit their bodies or not. To make sure that the dress they wanted to buy fit their body, the body size of the customers must be known. With the known body size, generating the 3D model of the customer to try on the 3D virtual model of the dress is possible, and the decision to buy is possible. There are many ways to find the exact body size and generate a 3D model of the customers i.e. using 3D scanner, using Photogrammetry technique (merging many photographs of the customers’ bodies to create the 3d model) or generating 3D model with known information using 3d computer graphic software such as Autodesk Maya, 3D max. The techniques mentioned above have some drawback because it required either an expensive device or expert to create a 3D model which may take a long time. Therefore in this research, we present the technique using marker-based Augmented Reality to acquire the shape of the objects. By wrapping the markers around the surface of the object that we want to measure, each marker’s position can be identified, and when combined, the shape and sizes of the object can be created. This technique takes a shorter time than other method and does not require any sophisticated device but still give good results. We separate the experiment into three groups, group one, testing the concept with five objects with different sizes and shapes with one row markers and group two, testing cylindrical objects with four row markers, and group three, testing with a mannequin to find the shape of human’s body. we have found that the shape and size of the objects that we have created are very close to the real one with the maximum error of less than 5%. It possible to generate the whole 3D object which can be adjusted to support virtual fitting room.
Comparative Study on the Measurement of Human Thermal Activity
Authors: Airij Awais Gul , Sudirman Rubita , Sheikh Usman Ullah , Ide Teruji , Nagata Yusuke , Kamata Kiyotaka
Published: January 2020

Human physiological signals measurement is the necessity of today’s modern world. The physiological signals, including heart rate, skin conductance, temperature, and pupil diameter, are significant indicators of underlying problems or illnesses and aid in indicating the underlying condition non-invasively. This study highlights the importance and needs for only one physiological signal, which is the body temperature as even a minor change in temperature values has a unique effect on the body. Hence, the present study focuses on comparing two well-known temperature sensors, namely DS18B20 and LM35, which are among the top choices for many temperature-based applications. The two sensors are compared in terms of cost, accuracy, temperature range, voltage, output type, implementation, packaging and required signal conditioning circuitry. The sole purpose is to find the adequacy of only one in terms of medical applications. The temperature readings are collected for 15 seconds from 10 participants between the age of 25 - 28 years and the data is sent to a microcontroller, which is Arduino Mega board. The microcontroller board processes the data for noise and artefacts removal and displays the final temperature readings on the serial monitor of Arduino IDE. The results highlight that DS18B20 is more accurate and robust in comparison to LM35, as it has lower fluctuations in the readings and is not affected by user movements. This study will help in the future development of healthcare systems, which may track the user’s thermal changes accurately in real-time.
A Low-Cost Radar Absorber Based on Palm Shell Active Carbon for Anechoic Chamber
Authors: Yohandri - , Zulpadrianto - , Putra Ananda , Sanjaya Hary , Sri Sumantyo Josaphat Tetuko
Published: January 2020

Synthesis and characterization of a low-cost Radar Absorber Material (RAM) based on palm shells activated carbon is presented in this work. This low-cost RAM is intended to be used to cover the walls of the anechoic chamber. Palm shells are industrial waste from oil palm plantations and are widely available in West Sumatra. This work aims to investigate the characteristics of RAM based on palm shell for various types of an activating agent. In addition, the characteristics of RAM are also investigated due to the effect of the concentration of the activating agent. In this research, HCl, KOH, H3PO4, and ZnCl2 are operated to activate carbon of palm shell by opening the carbon pores. Characterization of the active carbon in term of absorption and morphological on the surface is performed by using a Vector Network Analysis (VNA) and a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The waveguide technique is operated in the investigation of the absorption of electromagnetic waves of the RAM on the C-band operating frequency (4 to 8 GHz). The measured results present the maximum absorption of the RAM is obtained -26.3 dB at a frequency of 8 GHz and 1M KOH activating agent. The morphological on the RAM surface shows the pore size of activated carbon on a 1M activating agent preferable than 5M and non-activated carbon. Based on the measurement result, the activated carbon of the palm shell can be used as the radar absorber material for the anechoic chamber application.