bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The free gingival graft
Authors: Guni Alaa , Nibali Luigi
Published: January 2023

Recession defects are widely prevalent in the adult population, with some patients being impacted by complications, including the difficulty of cleaning such sites and the risk of continued recession progression. The free gingival graft (FGG) is a form of mucogingival surgery that attempts to improve the height of the keratinized tissue (KT), as well as augment the thickness of the gingival phenotype to facilitate meticulous oral hygiene. This article discusses the indications for the surgery, the procedure, including post-operative care, and possible modifications of the technique.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Professional intervention involving a free gingival graft may be the only way to empower patients to clean the recession site without discomfort.
Mental nerve paraesthesia secondary to nicorandil-induced oral ulceration: a case report
Authors: Morgan Emma , Feinberg Lee , Rajlawat Bijaya , Field Anne
Published: January 2023

Nicorandil, used as a treatment for angina pectoris, continues to be prescribed in the UK. The association between nicorandil and oral ulceration is well documented. Nicorandil-induced oral ulceration characteristically presents as a persistent, large, deep ulcer that can have a great impact on quality of life. A 63-year-old female was referred to the oral medicine department with a non-healing ulcer and associated paraesthesia of the left lower lip. Her drug history included nicorandil 30 mg once daily. A provisional diagnosis was made of nicorandil-induced oral ulceration with associated paraesthesia, secondary to mental nerve involvement. Following liaison with cardiology, and cessation of nicorandil medication, the ulceration healed, and the patient reported improved sensation to the lower lip.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Nicorandil-induced oral ulceration should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral ulceration.
Anterior open bites: the additive direct resin composite solution
Authors: Kelleher Martin , Ayub Khawer
Published: January 2023

This article describes a clinically proven, pragmatic approach to managing anterior open bites (AOBs) by using additive, non-destructive, freehand direct resin composite bonding. Direct composite has been used by many clinicians to solve a multitude of clinical problems. The use of these techniques and the procedural aspects have been published extensively. However, in relationship to managing AOBs there appears to be an under-appreciation by some practitioners, as well as by some in the orthodontic and maxillofacial communities, of its pragmatic use for managing many AOBs, or about what additive direct resin composite bonding could offer those patients who enquire about their realistic options to deal with their perceived concerns.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article seeks to raise awareness about different ways of using direct resin composite bonding (‘bondodontics’) to manage many AOBs pragmatically, at very low risk and at reasonable costs.
Congress Crunch
Authors: Allen James
Published: January 2023

The transportation world turned its attention to Copenhagen recently for the ITS World Congress. James Allen rounds up some of the big stories to come out of the show, from all corners of the globe
New Connections
Authors: Gerden Eugene
Published: January 2023

Russia’s Crimean Bridge opened for traffic in May 2018. Eugene Gerden reports on its first few months of operation and discovers some of the modern ITS that helps ensure that traffic flows smoothly and safety standards are maintained
Tolling in Turkey
Authors: Dorken Erkan
Published: January 2023

The Turkish highway tolling market is being expanded with the addition of public-private partnership (PPP) tolled highway projects
Jennifer Cohan
Authors: Harry Rachelle
Published: January 2023

Jennifer Cohan, Secretary of the Delaware Department of Transportation, and vice chair of the ITS America board, reveals how she’s prioritizing the different mobility needs of tourists, residents and those with disabilities in her state, as well as managing transportation networks in the face of climate change
The Elizabethan Mind
Authors: Hackett Helen
Published: January 2023

What is the mind? How does it relate to the body and soul? These questions were as perplexing for the Elizabethans as they are for us today, although their answers were often startlingly different. Shakespeare and his contemporaries believed the mind was governed by the humours and passions, and that it was susceptible to the Devil's interference. This book explores the intricacies of Elizabethan ideas about the mind. This was a period of turbulence and transition, as persistent medieval theories competed with revived classical ideas and emerging scientific developments. Drawing on a wealth of sources, the book sheds new light on works by Shakespeare, Marlowe, Sidney, and Spenser, demonstrating how ideas about the mind shaped new literary and theatrical forms. Looking at their conflicted attitudes to imagination, dreams, and melancholy, the book examines how Elizabethans perceived the mind, soul, and self, and how their ideas compare with our own.
Introduction
Authors: Hackett Helen
Published: January 2023

This introductory chapter explains that investigating Elizabethan ideas about the mind can enrich and deepen one's understanding of the literature of the period. It was a time of intense interest in the mind, when old and new intellectual frameworks intersected and clashed, and when Shakespeare was just one among many authors inventing new ways of representing the mind and its processes in writing. The Elizabethan period (1558–1603) was a half-century that had seen extensive discussion of the nature of the mind and how to manage its disorders. In a large part this was driven by one of the major cultural developments of the period: the growth of the book trade. Furthermore, the chapter shows that Elizabethan thinking about the mind was not stable or homogeneous, and cannot be reduced to a single framework. Rather, it was a rich, complex, tumultuous brew of competing ideas from diverse sources. Indeed, Elizabethans wrestled with many of the same questions about the mind as twenty-first-century people, though they often came up with startlingly different answers.
Knowing by Feeling
Authors: Hackett Helen
Published: January 2023

This chapter turns to the passions. The passions have been at the centre of much recent research on the early modern period, as scholars investigate the history of emotions and their literary representation in the works of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. Attempting to solve some of the poem's mysteries will entail excavating its background and contexts. And as the chapter shows, this in turn will shed light on Elizabethan attitudes to the passions as intermediaries between mind and body. Representing passions in writing often involved articulating states of mind in physical terms, demonstrating an understanding of mind and body as neither inextricable, nor divided, but engaged in strenuous and dynamic interaction.
Roots and Types of Innovation Bureaucracies
Authors: Kattel Rainer , Drechsler Wolfgang , Karo Erkki
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses modern public organisations aiming to support innovation and technological advancement that emerged largely during the nineteenth century. It covers key trends that help explain the birth of modern innovation bureaucracy in the West, such as the evolution of knowledge networks through learned bodies and the emergence of polytechnics and engineering education. It also reviews the emergence of a professional managerial class both in private companies and in the public sector, rise and importance of various business associations in the late nineteenth century, and the importance of state-owned companies for managing strategic trade roots and imperial ambitions. The chapter explains how the key trends engender all the forms of modern innovation bureaucracies. It points out how innovation bureaucracies resemble the Weber thesis formalised in the 1980s by scholars trying to understand East Asian development.
Summing up: Will the Next Decades Be Led by Neo-Weberian Innovation Agencies?
Authors: Kattel Rainer , Drechsler Wolfgang , Karo Erkki
Published: January 2023

This chapter summarises the arguments about innovation through lessons learned from COVID responses and takes a speculative look at the decades ahead. It looks at the contradiction on the spread of the new generation of mission-oriented innovation policies in both the US and the EU prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also reviews the Western context on how COVID-19 was preceded by an increasing urgency in trying to tackle the climate emergency through ‘green new deals’ as a way to coordinate large-scale public–private collaborations. The chapter talks about the emergence of twenty-first-century innovation bureaucracies that are focused on long-term capacity building and dynamic capabilities for agile response to and active steering of contextual events. It describes innovation bureaucracies as neo-Weberian agencies or Weber III-type agencies that attempt to combine Weber I and II in a single organisation.
The Women Who Saved the English Countryside
Authors: Kelly Matthew
Published: January 2023

In Britain today, a mosaic of regulations protects the natural environment and guarantees public access to green spaces. But this was not always so. Over the last 150 years, activists have campaigned tirelessly for the right to roam through the countryside and the vital importance of preserving Britain's natural beauty. This book traces the history of landscape preservation through the lives of four remarkable women: Octavia Hill, Beatrix Potter, Pauline Dower, and Sylvia Sayer. From the commons of London to the Lake District, Northumberland, and Dartmoor, these women protected the English landscape at a crucial period through a mixture of environmental activism, networking, and sheer determination. They grappled with the challenges that urbanization and industrial modernity posed to human well-being as well as the natural environment. By tirelessly seeking to reconcile the needs of particular places to the broader public interest, they helped re-imagine the purpose of the English countryside for the democratic age.
Introduction
Authors: Kelly Matthew
Published: January 2023

This chapter introduces four remarkable women: Octavia Hill, Beatrix Potter, Pauline Dower, and Sylvia Sayer who all shared a determination to preserve their favoured patches from modern threats. It emphasizes how they objected to untrammelled private developments and the construction of public infrastructure in places associated with natural beauty and public access. By telling their stories, the chapter takes us from the birth pangs of modern preservationism in mid-Victorian Britain through to the institutionalisation of nature conservation in the late twentieth century. It also highlights how the roles played by small, voluntarist organisations are related to the development of powerful national institutions like the National Trust, the national park authorities and the Forestry Commission. To understand the strength of the four's commitments, the chapter then takes us to Octavia's Kentish retreat, to Beatrix's Lakeland home, to the country mansion of Pauline's Northumberland childhood and to the Dartmoor cottage of Sylvia's adulthood.
Pauline Dower
Authors: Kelly Matthew
Published: January 2023

This chapter opens with a discussion on Pauline Dower's promotion to the role of Deputy Chair of the National Parks Commission, the body established in 1949 to designate National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England and Wales. It emphasizes that Dower was the longest-serving and highest-profile woman to serve as member of the commission, and one of only two commissioners to retain their place from its inception in 1949. Despite this exceptional service, the chapter reveals that she attracted little press coverage and has been largely forgotten as one of the pioneering figures in the development of Britain's national park system. The chapter then jumps to discuss the work Dower did for the commission, especially when she played a leading role in a particular matter. Much of the time, however, she was one of 11 unpaid commission members, a relatively anonymous team member whose individual contribution is not so clear. By focusing on Dower's work, the chapter recovers something of the pioneering spirit and day-to-day commitment that established the essentials of the national parks system.
Sylvia Sayer
Authors: Kelly Matthew
Published: January 2023

This chapter follows the early life of Sylvia Sayer, noting that she was not born into such grandeur as Pauline Dower, but she was firmly placed within the English middle classes. It emphasizes that she inherited her political commitments from her grandfather, Robert Burnard, but her social standing and the ease with which she dealt with male officials surely reflected the record of distinguished naval service on her father's side. The chapter also elaborates on the subject of Sayer's letter to Sir Patrick Duff, chair of the National Parks Commission, which was the need to expedite the designation of Dartmoor National Park. The chapter then considers Sayer's preservationism and her belief that Dartmoor's natural characteristics gave it an essential purpose as grazing land or pasture, primarily pursued through the exercise of common rights, which had to be protected at all cost. The chapter concludes by reviewing how Sayer opposed virtually all forms of enclosure or disturbance to the existing surface of the moor. Sayer believed Dartmoor provided a single essential resource — rough grazing — and with it benefits to the public — health and happiness — and it should not be exploited in any other way.
Jewish Imagism
Authors: Mann Barbara E.
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses “Jewish imagism,” a term for poetry in an imagist vein that also engages some kind of expressly Jewish theme or situation. “Imagism” refers to the broad set of poetic trends emerging in the early twentieth century in mostly urban, cosmopolitan settings. This poetry aspired to a visual or material quality and sought to recast poetry's stylistic, formal properties to fit the tempo and contours of the modern age. The chapter focuses on a paradigmatic group of Jewish poets: David Fogel, working mostly in Hebrew in European settings; the Hebrew poet Esther Raab; the Yiddish poet Anna Margolin; and Charles Reznikoff. The work of these poets is linked by a materialist concern for language as such; a devotion to minimalist form, precise descriptive terms, and the sparest of syntax; an interest in made objects and visual forms, especially the plastic arts of painting and sculpture; and a reverence for the essential “itness” of the material world. For each poet, the chapter considers exemplary poems in relation to contemporaneous manifestos and other documents that specifically address questions of poetic form in “Jewish” languages.
Between Sefer and Bukh: Holocaust Memorial Books
Authors: Mann Barbara E.
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on Holocaust memorial books. The yizker book, a form that emerged largely after World War II and the Holocaust, although it has important antecedents in the interwar period, further exemplifies the material turn unfolding in Jewish writing. These multilingual books were conceived as objects to commemorate the absence of those murdered populations and destroyed Jewish communities. Though the genre's postwar emergence may be observed in different locations, the prewar example of two memorial books related to the Ukrainian pogroms of 1919–20—Khurban Proskurov (1924) and Felshtin (1937)—suggests an earlier, incipient awareness of writing's particular vulnerability to physical destruction and change. Both books anticipate the tone and substance of the postwar volumes: their distinctive size and formal features; the mix of narrative history, testimony, and images; and the collaborative nature of their production, distant from the events and places they describe. The chapter then considers the books in relation to the broader context of “Holocaust objects” during and after the war, and finally, the “afterlives” of the memorial books in contemporary fiction.
Beacon to the World
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

In this comprehensive history of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, the reader is guided through the complex convergence of the worlds of politics, finance, and the performing arts throughout the years of the Center's history, including the roles played by Robert Moses, John D. Rockefeller 3rd, Leonard Bernstein, William Schuman, Elia Kazan, Joseph Papp, Alice Tully, Beverly Sills, and many others. The book explores the social and political environment during the Center's history, reflecting the growth and evolution of the performing arts in America from its post-World War II roots to the present day of global interaction. The history of the birth and growth of this unique institution is a story of determination, economic acumen, political machinations, artistic innovations, and above all the strong belief that the arts are at the center of the fabric of American society and that they should be supported and embraced by all citizens.
Prologue
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This introductory chapter briefly discusses the context behind the construction of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The creation of an arts organization the size of the Center was based on the fundamental belief in the mid-1950s that Americans would benefit from bringing together a diverse array of performing organizations in one place to create an entity whose whole would be greater than the sum of its parts. Although a naive concept when one considers the highly independent qualities of performing arts practitioners and ensembles, this belief reinforced the view that hope can be stronger than pessimism when attempting to realize change and innovation in American society. Moreover, this period brought together a group of visionary and well-positioned New York City civic leaders to develop an idea for the creation of a multi-institution center in support of the performing arts. These leaders embraced a patriotic obligation to highlight the cultural attributes of America and show both friends and foes abroad that the United States could be a cultural as well as a political and economic leader in a new world order.
A Mighty Influence for Peace and Understanding
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts' formative years. By early 1956, The Juilliard School of Music had become the favored candidate to provide music instruction at the Center, although there was hardly unanimous support in this regard. Later that year, the basic educational principles of the Center were coming into shape, suggesting the development of “a unique form of training.” It was also recommended that no academic degrees be awarded at the end of the educational process. In addition to such artistic issues, John D. Rockefeller 3rd and his colleagues grappled with how the Center's management should function. With their work on the architectural, fundraising, financial, personnel, and slum clearance components moving forward, the Exploratory Committee and the board of the Lincoln Center set about to create a grand public groundbreaking.
No Longer a Dream but a Reality
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes some early challenges for the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. It begins with the appointment of certain individuals to oversee the Center's administration as presidents and chief executive officers. The tenures of retired General Maxwell Davenport Taylor and William Schuman are given particular focus. Schuman, unlike his predecessors, focused in particular on artistic matters, including the opening of the Philharmonic Hall. The chapter also considers one of the greatest challenges for Lincoln Center officials during this formative time: which of the various artistic components of the New York City Center of Music and Drama would become part of Lincoln Center. Finally, the chapter considers the administrative decisions that went into the funding for the construction of the Theater for Dance and Operetta.
You Have Made Something That Will Last
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses several major additions to the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. It first examines the process of creating a new drama component in the City Center that would be up to the program's standards. Next, the building of the New York State Theater amid multiple challenges during William Schuman's presidency is discussed. The chapter also traces the precipitating factors in presenting a musical theater at the Lincoln Center—generally considered the weakest constituent of the arts center. The Library-Museum was another significant addition to the Center during this period. The chapter also follows the circuitous construction of The Juilliard School, the last scheduled building to be finished on campus. Finally, the chapter studies the tumultuous events surrounding the construction and opening of the Metropolitan Opera House.
Opening Night and Amateur Night at the Same Time
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter covers a new era in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts' history as Amyas Ames replaced John D. Rockefeller 3rd's position in 1970. Ames's leadership style during his time as chair brimmed with optimism about what Lincoln Center had realized and what it might achieve in the future. A large part of his strategy with the constituents was to develop a rapprochement focused on reversing William Schuman's program of having the Lincoln Center function as a separate producing unit that competed with them. In addition, the chapter focuses on the Center's financial difficulties during Ames's period. Perhaps the greatest fundraising success for Ames during his time as chair was the annual deficit associated with Philharmonic Hall. To conclude, the chapter traces the history of the failure-plagued Beaumont Theater, which constantly suffered from artistic, logistical, and financial problems.
The Cursed Inheritance
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter traces the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts' history throughout the 1970s. During this time, Joseph Papp was appointed as the Beaumont's artistic director, though the financial challenges involved in running this project eventually caused his departure. The chapter also takes a look at the career of Beverly Sills, a major presence in the New York City Opera during her years as the company's reigning diva. Meanwhile, Ames and his board continued to weather a series of financial storms which endangered the arts center's existence. Although the Lincoln Center faced difficult financial challenges, to the credit of Ames and his fellow board members, there was strong support to create new entities which would address the community's needs and produce artistic events of high quality. The 1970s was the first time that the artistic activities of all the constituents could be evaluated outside of the tumultuous work to complete the complex construction projects during the Center's earlier years. The end of the decade, however, saw the death of John D. Rockefeller 3rd.
It’s Called Accountability
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter takes a look at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts during the 1980s. During this time, the Center benefited from a robust fundraising environment, though a severe recession in 1982 caused discretionary contributions to slow for a short period. Perhaps most important, the work of the Lincoln Center constituents developed with a new artistic spirit that allowed them to put down roots on the Lincoln Center campus. In March 1981, during this period of comparative optimism and growth, Martin E. Segal (known to all as Marty) was unanimously elected by the board of the Lincoln Center as its new chair, and he began serving in June. He succeeded Amyas Ames, who continued to serve as chair of the New York Philharmonic Hall. John W. Mazzola remained as the Lincoln Center's president. The chapter follows the renovations occurring at the Center during this time as well as the continued issues surrounding the Philharmonic Hall and the Beaumont Theater. It also covers the tragic and macabre event known as the “Murder at the Met.”
It Will Flourish as Long as a Civilized Society Survives
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter covers the latter part of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts' history during the 1980s. By this time Nathan Leventhal had become the Center's new president, and he began addressing the many issues facing the individual constituents, as well as their collective relationship to Lincoln Center, Inc. In 1986, Martin E. Segal resigned, and was succeeded by George Weissman. Meanwhile, the process of adding new constituents to the Lincoln Center had been regularized over time through the creation of an “exploratory committees” comprising potential board members for the new entity along with experts in the area of the proposed constituent's discipline. These committees would carefully examine the artistic and financial feasibility of a new constituent. The construction of a new Lincoln Center building that would accommodate the growing artistic and administrative constituent forces is also discussed. Finally, the chapter reflects on the effect of the AIDS epidemic on the Lincoln Center.
We Don’t Have a Playbook for This
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This chapter summarizes the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts' developments into the New Tens and beyond. It begins with the end of the New York City Opera in its original state and its eventual departure from the Lincoln Center. During City Opera's slide to oblivion, the Metropolitan Opera began to explore new artistic initiatives under the direction of Peter Gelb. Additionally, the chapter charts a series of turnovers in the Lincoln Center leadership, as a series of chairs and presidents had short tenures in quick succession. However, independent of the problematic personnel issues that the chair Katherine G. Farley had to address, her leadership began to shape a novel approach to how the Center responded to its neighbors and how it presented the performing arts. Additionally, the chapter follows the Lincoln Center as it grappled with the sweeping social movements sparked by ＃MeToo and ＃BlackLivesMatter as well as the difficulties it encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Epilogue
Authors: Polisi Joseph W.
Published: January 2023

This concluding chapter reflects on the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts' pandemic and post-pandemic eras. Within the chaotic political environment at the start of 2021, the arts and its practitioners were once again pushed to a place of secondary importance within American society, making artists feel abandoned. With concert venues, theaters, and museums shut down, the arts, more than most other professions, experienced a catastrophic economic disruption that went well beyond the recent crises of 9/11 or the Great Recession. Nevertheless, there was also hope that the arts could restore to the world a sense of compassion and empathy—that the arts might become a powerful force for the revival of American citizenry's social and psychological well-being. Indeed, Lincoln Center president Henry Timms viewed the post-pandemic period as a time of optimism for the Center. He did not see the COVID-19 siege as an existential threat to the constituents; rather, he saw opportunities for Lincoln Center constituents to transform how they present their art and how they connect to their audience.
After Nuremberg
Authors: Hutchinson Robert
Published: January 2023

This book is about the fleeting nature of American punishment for German war criminals convicted at the twelve Nuremberg trials of 1946–1949. Because of repeated American grants of clemency and parole, ninety-seven of the 142 Germans convicted at the Nuremberg trials, many of them major offenders, regained their freedom years, sometimes decades, ahead of schedule. High-ranking Nazi plunderers, kidnappers, purveyors of slave labor, and mass murderers all walked free by 1958. High Commissioner for Occupied Germany John J. McCloy and his successors articulated a vision of impartial American justice as inspiring and legitimizing their actions, as they concluded that German war criminals were entitled to all the remedies American laws offered to better their conditions and reduce their sentences. Based on extensive archival research (including newly declassified material), this book explains how American policymakers’ best intentions resulted in a series of decisions from 1949 to 1958 that produced a self-perpetuating bureaucracy of clemency and parole that “rehabilitated” unrepentant German abettors and perpetrators of theft, slavery, and murder while lending salience to the most reactionary elements in West German political discourse.
Presages
Authors: Stoyle Mark
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that the Western Rising of 1549 was the product of a general sense of suspicion, unease and resentment that had been building up across the kingdom for many years and which appears to have been especially strong among the people of Devon and Cornwall. It investigates how this general sense of malaise developed in a moment, and considers the particular terrain in which it took root. The chapter presents the terrain of the south-western peninsula, which, then as now, contained some of the most rugged, varied and beautiful landscapes in the entire kingdom. The chapter also provides an introduction to the Tudor West Country, while at the same time considering the dramatic impact that the major religious reforms undertaken by Edward's pugnacious father, Henry VIII, during the 1530s and 1540s had upon the region and its inhabitants. It demonstrates how the tempo of religious change quickened — across the West Country, just as across England as a whole — during the two years following Henry's death and his son's accession, in January 1547.
Foreshocks
Authors: Stoyle Mark
Published: January 2023

This chapter revisits ‘the Cornish commotion’ of 1548 — a short-lived but, from the Crown's point of view, deeply troubling émeute which flared up in West Cornwall in April that year, during the course of which a royal commissioner who was overseeing the removal of images from local churches was killed. It argues that the stir may well have owed something to Cornwall's unique cultural heritage, as well as to its deep-seated religious conservatism. The chapter also examines how England found itself with a child upon the throne: a situation that would have been fraught with potential danger even if it had not been for the deep religious fissures that had opened up in the country as a result of ‘the king's Reformation’. It recounts Edward Seymour's appointment as ‘protector of the realm’ and, a few days after this, as part of a general distribution of honours to the new king's councillors, Seymour was created Duke of Somerset. The chapter outlines the policies of the new regime of which Edward was the titular head, but Somerset was the driving force.
Flood Tide
Authors: Stoyle Mark
Published: January 2023

This chapter reveals how the rising reached its zenith during the second half of July, as an army of Cornishmen surged across the Tamar to join the Devonian protestors before the walls of Exeter. It details how Lord Russell — the nobleman who had been sent down from London by Protector Somerset with orders to suppress the disturbances, and who was then hovering uneasily on the borders of Devon and Somerset — briefly contemplated an ignominious retreat in the face of the thousands of insurgents who were by now massing just a few miles to the west. The chapter begins with the interactions that took place between Lord Russell and the Privy Council, as Russell grew ever more concerned about the rebels' growing strength. It discusses the various ‘supplications’ that the rebels produced in July and the government's response to them. The chapter also looks at the sieges of the loyalist strongholds and analyses the few fragments of evidence that survive about conditions in rebel-held Devon and Cornwall. It considers the articles that were drawn up by the conjoined rebel forces around Exeter in late July — and shows how battle was finally joined between the rebels and Russell's forces in East Devon during the closing days of that month.
Perceptions of Opioid Misuse in Mississippi Agricultural Communities: Focus Group Findings
Authors: Meadowcroft Devon , Robertson Mary Nelson , Denny Marina , Rayner Martha , Stone Amanda , Johnson Jeff , Buys David
Published: January 2023

Highlights

There is a concern that agricultural producers could be misusing opioids to cope with stress and injuries.

Focus groups were held in Mississippi to determine perceptions of opioid misuse in the agricultural community.

Results found that alcohol misuse, not opioid misuse, is an issue for Mississippi agricultural producers.

Focus group participants believe that other groups in their communities have issues with opioid misuse.

Abstract. Opioid misuse has been identified as a concern among the farming community. The aim of this study is to identify how opioid misuse is perceived in agricultural communities across the state of Mississippi. A series of focus groups were conducted with University Agricultural and Natural Resource Extension agents and agricultural producers in Mississippi between November 2020 and February 2021. Focus group transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis. Both university Extension agents and agriculture producers believe that opioid misuse is more of a concern in the greater rural community, amongst younger individuals, as opposed to being a concern for producers themselves. Extension agents stated that the unique personalities of agricultural producers might prevent them from being upfront about any of their opioid misuse. Agricultural producers stated that alcohol misuse is more of a concern among their peers than opioid misuse and that opioid misuse is present in farm labor. Generally, the focus groups revealed that participants did not think that opioid misuse was an issue for agricultural producers in Mississippi. However, participants identified other groups in their communities as having issues with opioids. The private nature of agricultural producers could be a reason why opioid misuse is not perceived to be widespread in that group. Alcohol misuse was observed as an issue for agricultural producers in the producer focus groups. Keywords: Agriculture, Farming, Focus groups, Opioids, Mississippi.
A leitura híbrida no ensino médio
Authors: Almeida Elizabeth Mota Nazareth de , Díaz Loyo Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2023

Hoje, com os avanços e a presença de novas tecnologias nos processos educacionais, estudantes de diferentes níveis estão envolvidos em práticas letradas nos formatos físico e digital. Contudo, a presença da leitura digital não descarta a possibilidade de os alunos realizarem atividades de leitura em materiais físicos, ao contrário, é gerada uma inter-relação entre os dois formatos, proporcionando uma leitura híbrida. Nesse caso, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as práticas de leitura híbrida no Ensino Médio. Além disso, faremos a análise das características dos textos presentes no meio digital, ao abordar questões a respeito do perfil do hiperleitor. Por fim, discutiremos questões voltadas para as práticas de (multi)letramentos na escola básica. Conclui-se abordando o redirecionamento de papéis nos processos de ensino e de aprendizado, em uma sociedade tecnológica digital, enfatizando o protagonismo do aluno e do papel do professor-autor, na contemporaneidade.
Large numerical aperture off-axis reflective telescope design with a freeform mirror based on aperture expansion strategy
Authors: Zhang Jialun , Zheng Yuquan , Lin Chao , Han Yanxue , Shi Yi
Published: January 2023

Currently, the emission of greenhouse gases is one of humanity’s leading threats. To accurately and efficiently measure greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere, we must develop imaging spectrometer systems with larger numerical apertures (NAs). However, designing a telescope with a large NA is difficult in this system. This paper presents a design strategy for aperture expansion to create a freeform telescope with a large NA. We compared different off-axis reflective telescopes and chose the Korsch structure, which has obvious advantages because of its wide field of view (FoV), large NA, and low stray light. Moreover, based on the influence of the position of the freeform surface in the aberration correction, we propose to use a single freeform surface to reduce the cost and increase manufacturability. A freeform telescope with an effective focal length of 84 mm, a large NA of 0.25, and a wide FoV of 20° is successfully designed. The modulation transfer function of the system is better than 0.62, the maximum distortion is controlled to be less than 0.486%, and the incident angle of the beam on the image plane is less than 10°. The design result shows that the instrument has wide FoV, large NA, low stray light, and high performance. At the same time, the design strategy in this paper provides an effective method for the telescope design of the imaging spectrometer with a large NA.
Near-MHz temperature and H2O measurements in post-detonation fireballs of 25  g hemispherical explosives using scanned-wavelength-modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Schwartz Charles J. , Stiborek Joshua W. , Butler Austin , Chen Damon , Guildenbecher Daniel R. , Welliver Marc , Glumac Nick , Goldenstein Christopher S.
Published: January 2023

A laser absorption spectroscopy diagnostic integrated within a hardened
optical probe was used to measure temperature and water mole fraction
at 500 kHz in post-detonation fireballs of explosives. In the
experiments, an exploding-bridgewire detonator initiated a 25 g
hemisphere of explosive (N5 or PETN). This produced a hemispherical
fireball that traveled radially towards a hardened measurement probe.
The probe contained a pressure transducer and optical equipment to
pitch fiber-coupled laser light across a 12.6 cm gap onto a
detector. Tunable diode lasers emitting near 7185.6 and

6806

c
m

−
1

were used to measure the absorbance
spectrum of

H

2

O

utilizing peak-picking
scanned-wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with a scan frequency of
500 kHz and modulation frequencies of 35 and 45.5 MHz,
respectively. This enabled measurements of temperature and

X

H

2

O

in the shock-heated air and trailing
fireball at 500 kHz. Time histories of pressure, temperature,
and

H

2

O

mole fraction were acquired at
different standoff distances to quantify how the fireball evolved in
space and time as well as to compare measured quantities between PETN
and N5 fireballs. The standard deviation of temperature and

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H

2

O

during one representative test were
found to be 17 K (1.3%) and 0.011 (5%), respectively. These
measurements demonstrate this diagnostic’s ability to provide rapid
and reliable measurements in harsh, highly transient post-detonation
environments produced by solid explosives.
ChromaCorrect: Prescription Correction in Virtual Reality Headsets through Perceptual Guidance
Authors: Aksit Kaan , Guzel Ahmet , Beyazian Jeanne , Chakravarthula Praneeth
Published: January 2023

A large portion of today's world population suffers from vision impairments and wears prescription eyeglasses. However, prescription glasses causes additional bulk and discomfort when used with Virtual Reality (VR) headsets, negatively impacting the viewer's visual experience. In this work, we remedy the usage of prescription eyeglasses with screens by shifting the optical complexity into the software. Our proposal is a prescription-aware rendering approach for providing sharper and more immersive imagery for screens, including VR headsets. To this end, we develop a differentiable display and visual perception model encapsulating the human visual system's display-specific parameters, color, visual acuity, and user-specific refractive errors. Using this differentiable visual perception model, we optimize the rendered imagery in the display using gradient-descent solvers. This way, we provide prescription glasses-free sharper images for a person with vision impairments. We evaluate our approach and show significant quality and contrast improvements for users with vision impairments.
Coulomb enhancement of high harmonic generation in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Hader Jorg , Neuhaus Josefine , Moloney Jerome , Koch Stephan
Published: January 2023

High harmonic generation (HHG) in monolayer MoS$_2$ is studied using fully microscopic many-body models based on the semiconductor Dirac-Bloch equations and density functional theory. It is shown that Coulomb correlations lead to a dramatic enhancement of HHG. Especially near the bandgap enhancements of two orders of magnitude or more are observed for a wide range of excitation wavelengths and intensities. For excitation near or above the excitonic resonances the Coulomb interaction leads to spectrally broad sub-floors of the harmonics. The widths of these contributions depends strongly on the dephasing time for polarizations. For times on the order of ten femtoseconds the broadenings are similar to the Rabi energies and reach one eV at fields of about 50 MV/cm. The intensities of these contributions are about four to six orders below the peaks of the harmonics.
Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a Gaussian beam passing through a photorefractive crystal BGO
Authors: Navarro Angie Solano , Fontecha Juan Sánchez , Torres Yezid , Jerez Vladimir , Flórez Marco
Published: January 2023

In this theoretical-experimental study, we use the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory to simulate the formation of the far-field diffraction pattern of a divergent Gaussian beam propagated through a BGO photorefractive crystal. We show that for the BGO photorefractive crystal, in addition to the wavefront curvature and the change in the refractive index of the medium due to the light intensity, there is a third contribution affecting the medium-induced nonlinear phase shift; the latter is related to the additional change in the refractive index produced by the photorefractive effect.
Quantifying spatial, temporal, angular and spectral structure of effective daylight in perceptually meaningful ways
Authors: Yu Cehao , Wijntjes Maarten , Eiseman Elmar , Pont Sylvia
Published: January 2023

We present a method to capture the 7-dimensional light field structure, and translate it into perceptually-relevant information. Our spectral cubic illumination method quantifies objective correlates of perceptually relevant diffuse and directed light components, including their variations over time, space, in color and direction, and the environment’s response to sky and sunlight. We applied it “in the wild”, capturing how light on a sunny day differs between light and shadow, and how light varies over sunny and cloudy days. We discuss the added value of our method for capturing nuanced lighting effects on scene and object appearance, such as chromatic gradients.
Field programmable topological edge array
Authors: He Xiaoxian , Wang Xiangru , Zhao Yulin , Zhuo Rusheng , Liang Feng
Published: January 2023

Valley Hall topological photonic crystals, inspired by topological insulators in condensed matter physics, have provided a promising solution to control the flow of light. Recently, the dynamic manipulation property of topological photonic crystals has been widely studied. Here, we propose a novel solution for programmable valley photonic crystals, called field programmable topological edge array (FPTEA), based on the field reorientation property of nematic liquid crystals and robust valley-protected edge modes. FPTEA is composed of an array of graphene-like lattices with C3 symmetry, in which the birefringence of liquid crystal is larger than 0.5105. Due to the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals being sensitive to external fields such as light, heat, electric, and magnetic fields, each lattice is tunable, and the topological propagation routes and even the lattice parameters can be dynamically changed while changing the distribution of external fields. We numerically demonstrate three methods of composing an FPTEA device to design arbitrary passive optical devices by electric driving, thermal inducing, or UV writing. These results show the great application potential of liquid crystals in topological photonic crystals, and enrich the design of programmable integrated topological devices with broad working bandwidth ranging from microwave to visible light.
Avatar error in your favor: Embodied avatars can fix users’ mistakes without them noticing
Authors: Delahaye Mathias , Blanke Olaf , Boulic Ronan , Herbelin Bruno
Published: January 2023

In immersive Virtual Reality (VR), users can experience the subjective feeling of embodiment for the avatar representing them in a virtual world. This is known to be strongly supported by a high Sense of Agency (SoA) for the movements of the avatar that follows the user. In general, users do not self-attribute actions of their avatar that are different from the one they actually performed. The situation is less clear when actions of the avatar satisfies the intention of the user despite distortions and noticeable differences between user and avatar movements. Here, a within-subject experiment was condutected to determine wether a finger swap helping users to achieve a task would be more tolerated than one penalizing them. In particular, in a context of fast-paced finger movements and with clear correct or incorrect responses, we swapped the finger animation of the avatar (e.g. user moves the index finger, the avatar moves the middle one) to either automatically correct for spontaneous mistakes or to introduce incorrect responses. Subjects playing a VR game were asked to report when they noticed the introduction of a finger swap. Results based on 3256 trials (∼24% of swaps noticed) show that swaps helping users have significantly fewer odds of being noticed (and with higher confidence) than the ones penalizing users. This demonstrates how the context and the intention for motor action are important factors for the SoA and for embodiment, opening new perspectives on how to design and study interactions in immersive VR.