bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Outflows: Explosive versus Protostellar
Authors: Zapata Luis A. , Schmid-Burgk Johannes , Rodríguez Luis F. , Palau Aina , Loinard Laurent
Published: February 2017

With the recent recognition of a second, distinctive class of molecular outflows, namely the explosive ones not directly connected to the accretion–ejection process in star formation, a juxtaposition of the morphological and kinematic properties of both classes is warranted. By applying the same method used in Zapata et al., and using 12CO(J = 2-1) archival data from the Submillimeter Array, we contrast two well-known explosive objects, Orion KL and DR21, to HH 211 and DG Tau B, two flows representative of classical low-mass protostellar outflows. At the moment, there are only two well-established cases of explosive outflows, but with the full availability of ALMA we expect that more examples will be found in the near future. The main results are the largely different spatial distributions of the explosive flows, consisting of numerous narrow straight filament-like ejections with different orientations and in almost an isotropic configuration, the redshifted with respect to the blueshifted components of the flows (maximally separated in protostellar, largely overlapping in explosive outflows), the very-well-defined Hubble flow-like increase of velocity with distance from the origin in the explosive filaments versus the mostly non-organized CO velocity field in protostellar objects, and huge inequalities in mass, momentum, and energy of the two classes, at least for the case of low-mass flows. Finally, all the molecular filaments in the explosive outflows point back to approximately a central position (i.e., the place where its “exciting source” was located), contrary to the bulk of the molecular material within the protostellar outflows.
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: A First Look at IC 5146
Authors: Johnstone D. , Ciccone S. , Kirk H. , Mairs S. , Buckle J. , Berry D. S. , Broekhoven-Fiene H. , Currie M. J. , Hatchell J. , Jenness T. , Mottram J. C. , Pattle K. , Tisi S. , Francesco J. Di , Hogerheijde M. R. , Ward-Thompson D. , Bastien P. , Bresnahan D. , Butner H. , Chen M. , Chrysostomou A. , Coudé S. , Davis C. J. , Drabek-Maunder E. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Fich M. , Fiege J. , Friberg P. , Friesen R. , Fuller G. A. , Graves S. , Greaves J. , Gregson J. , Holland W. , Joncas G. , Kirk J. M. , Knee L. B. G. , Marsh K. , Matthews B. C. , Moriarty-Schieven G. , Mowat C. , Nutter D. , Pineda J. E. , Salji C. , Rawlings J. , Richer J. , Robertson D. , Rosolowsky E. , Rumble D. , Sadavoy S. , Thomas H. , Tothill N. , Viti S. , White G. J. , Wouterloot J. , Yates J. , Zhu M.
Published: February 2017

We present 450 and 850 μm submillimeter continuum observations of the IC 5146 star-forming region taken as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Gould Belt Survey. We investigate the location of bright submillimeter (clumped) emission with the larger-scale molecular cloud through comparison with extinction maps, and find that these denser structures correlate with higher cloud column density. Ninety-six individual submillimeter clumps are identified using FellWalker, and their physical properties are examined. These clumps are found to be relatively massive, ranging from 0.5

to 116

with a mean mass of 8

and a median mass of 3.7

. A stability analysis for the clumps suggests that the majority are (thermally) Jeans stable, with

. We further compare the locations of known protostars with the observed submillimeter emission, finding that younger protostars, i.e., Class 0 and I sources, are strongly correlated with submillimeter peaks and that the clumps with protostars are among the most Jeans unstable. Finally, we contrast the evolutionary conditions in the two major star-forming regions within IC 5146: the young cluster associated with the Cocoon Nebula and the more distributed star formation associated with the Northern Streamer filaments. The Cocoon Nebula appears to have converted a higher fraction of its mass into dense clumps and protostars, the clumps are more likely to be Jeans unstable, and a larger fraction of these remaining clumps contain embedded protostars. The Northern Streamer, however, has a larger number of clumps in total and a larger fraction of the known protostars are still embedded within these clumps.
Planet-induced Stellar Pulsations in HAT-P-2's Eccentric System
Authors: Wit Julien de , Lewis Nikole K. , Knutson Heather A. , Fuller Jim , Antoci Victoria , Fulton Benjamin J. , Laughlin Gregory , Deming Drake , Shporer Avi , Batygin Konstantin , Cowan Nicolas B. , Agol Eric , Burrows Adam S. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Langton Jonathan , Showman Adam P.
Published: February 2017

Extrasolar planets on eccentric short-period orbits provide a laboratory in which to study radiative and tidal interactions between a planet and its host star under extreme forcing conditions. Studying such systems probes how the planet’s atmosphere redistributes the time-varying heat flux from its host and how the host star responds to transient tidal distortion. Here, we report the insights into the planet–star interactions in HAT-P-2's eccentric planetary system gained from the analysis of ∼350 hr of 4.5 μm observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The observations show no sign of orbit-to-orbit variability nor of orbital evolution of the eccentric planetary companion, HAT-P-2 b. The extensive coverage allows us to better differentiate instrumental systematics from the transient heating of HAT-P-2 b’s 4.5 μm photosphere and yields the detection of stellar pulsations with an amplitude of approximately 40 ppm. These pulsation modes correspond to exact harmonics of the planet’s orbital frequency, indicative of a tidal origin. Transient tidal effects can excite pulsation modes in the envelope of a star, but, to date, such pulsations had only been detected in highly eccentric stellar binaries. Current stellar models are unable to reproduce HAT-P-2's pulsations, suggesting that our understanding of the interactions at play in this system is incomplete.
The Implications of Inaccuracy: Comparison of Coding in Heterotopic Ossification and Associated Trauma
Authors: Fury Matt , John Mitchell , Schexnayder Stuart , Molligan Harry , Lee Olivia , Krause Peter , Dasa Vinod
Published: February 2017

Retrospective studies using large databases serve a major purpose in providing evidence in the current literature. However, the quality of medical coding is highly variable. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the documentation regarding the diagnosis of heterotopic ossification (HO) and the implications it may have for conducting retrospective research using electronic medical records (EMRs). A retrospective chart review using the EMR was performed to identify all patients with a diagnosis of HO within 7 university-affiliated hospital facilities. A limited data set request was conducted for all patients with HO-specific
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(ICD-9) codes and additional nonspecific musculoskeletal codes to capture patients with HO who were improperly coded. A total of 522 patients were identified—26 patients with specific HO codes and 496 patients with nonspecific codes. Imaging and clinical notes were inspected for evidence and location of HO, and histories were reviewed for traumatic injury mechanism. Two-thirds of the patients with HO were discovered by reviewing miscellaneous musculoskeletal ICD-9 codes. Thirty-eight percent of the patients with an HO-specific ICD-9 code had no evidence of HO in their EMR. Thirty-three patients had a clinical history of a traumatic injury preceding HO formation, but only 16 of the 33 had documented ICD-9 codes for the injury. The utility of databases in retrospective research is dependent on the integrity of the coding. This study questions the use of retrospective reviews for patients with uncommon diagnoses and shows how painstaking verification may be necessary to ensure that research conclusions are based on accurate data. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):237–241.]
Anatomical Relationship of the Axillary Nerve to the Pectoralis Major Tendon Insertion
Authors: Shiu Brian , Jazini Ehsan , Robertson Astor , Henn R. Frank , Hasan S. Ashfaq
Published: February 2017

Axillary nerve injury is a risk of the deltopectoral approach to the proximal humerus. The anterior motor branch is potentially vulnerable during subdeltoid dissection. Insertion of the pectoralis major tendon is an easily identifiable landmark on the humerus. This anatomical study explored whether the superior aspect of the pectoralis major tendon is a useful landmark for localizing the anterior motor branch of the axillary nerve as it travels under the lateral and anterior deltoid muscle. A total of 30 fresh-frozen human bilateral cadaveric upper extremities were examined. A deltopectoral approach was used to expose the pectoralis major tendon insertion and the anterior motor branch of the nerve under the deltoid muscle. The distance between the nerve as it crossed the posterolateral humerus and superior border of the pectoralis major tendon was measured. The axillary nerve was a mean 3.2 mm (range, 0–8 mm) distal to the superior border of the pectoralis major tendon insertion. No significant differences were observed in this anatomical relationship with the shoulder in abduction or external rotation. The nerve was not proximal to the superior border of the pectoralis major tendon in any specimen. The superior border of the pectoralis major tendon insertion represents a reliable landmark for the anterior motor branch of the axillary nerve as it travels under the deltoid muscle. The nerve is located at the level of the proximal centimeter of the pectoralis major tendon. Appreciation of this relationship may decrease risk of injury to the nerve when using a deltopectoral approach. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):e460–e464.]
Three Cases of Exotropic Moebius Syndrome
Authors: Bagheri Abbas , Feizi Mohaddese
Published: February 2017

Moebius syndrome is characterized by congenital facial palsy and limitation in horizontal gaze. The surgical results of the exotropic pattern are rare and have not been published before. The authors report three cases of exotropic Moebius syndrome. Maximal weakening of the lateral rectus muscles followed by strengthening of the medial recti in exotropic Moebius syndrome can improve exotropia significantly. Most of these cases also need some measures to relieve the often associated severe dry eye.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54:e9–e12.]
Detection of Minimally Visible Recurrent Retinoblastoma by Hand-held Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Gonzalez-Montpetit Maria E. , Samara Wasim A. , Magrath George N. , Shields Carol L.
Published: February 2017

A 2-month-old male infant with bilateral familial retinoblastoma was treated with intravenous chemotherapy and focal adjuvant therapy. At 5 months of follow-up, fundus examination and ultrasonography disclosed no recurrence; however, hand-held spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) demonstrated subclinical recurrence within a previous regression scar. Subsequent treatment led to flat scar. Hand-held SD-OCT can be a useful tool for detection of subclinical recurrent retinoblastoma.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54:e6–e8.]
Hydroxychloroquine Screening Alert: Change is in the Wind
Authors: Marmor Michael F.
Published: February 2017

Recent studies have changed the management of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. This editorial outlines a new standard. Estimate dose by real weight, staying below 5 mg/kg. Asian patients may show initial damage outside the parafovea. Renal disease, maculopathy, and tamoxifen are major risk factors. Proper screening allows long usage and avoids bull's eye retinopathy.
Pediatric Traumatic Retinal Detachments: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Sul Sabahattin , Gurelik Gökhan , Korkmaz Safak , Ozdek Sengül , Hasanreisoglu Berati
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of retinal detachment (RD) after open globe injuries (OGIs) and closed globe injuries (CGIs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

One hundred ten eyes of 110 patients aged 17 years or younger who underwent primary RD repair after OGI and CGI between 2010 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS:

Cataract (59.8% vs. 21.7%;
P
= .002) and vitreous hemorrhage (54% vs. 13%;
P
< .001) were significantly higher in OGIs than CGIs. Anatomical success rates were 75.9% in OGI and 82.6% in CGI (
P
= .586). Final visual acuity of 20/200 or greater was obtained in 23% of OGIs and 47.8% of CGIs (
P
= .035). Advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy was associated with poor anatomical and visual outcome in both OGIs and CGIs. In OGIs, macular detachment was associated with poor visual outcome, and in CGIs, vitrectomy and macular detachment were associated with poor visual outcome.

CONCLUSION:

Visual outcomes were not compatible with anatomical success in both groups. Advanced PVR seems to be the most prominent factor that influences the anatomical and functional success rates in both OGI and CGI.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:143–150.]
Efficacy of the Intravitreal Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Implant for Diabetic Macular Edema Refractory to Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy: Meta-Analysis and Clinical Implications
Authors: Khan Zainab , Kuriakose Robin K. , Khan Maryam , Chin Eric K , Almeida David R. P.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To assess the effect on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and efficacy of the intravitreal sustained-release 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, CA) in patients with recalcitrant diabetic macular edema (DME).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Meta-analysis utilizing the MOOSE framework and a random effects model. Studies included adults undergoing treatment with Ozurdex for DME. The methodologic quality of each study was assessed using the MINORS and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias for randomized studies.

RESULTS:

A total of 3,859 patients among 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The mean difference in BCVA was a gain of four lines or 20 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters with Ozurdex at a mean follow-up period of 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Treatment with Ozurdex is associated with significant mean improvement in visual acuity. Clinicians should have a multimodality approach to treating DME and be aware of this treatment option in those who have a suboptimal response to anti-VEGF therapy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:160–166.]
Significant Bilateral Response in Diabetic Macular Edema After Single Unilateral Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection
Authors: Rahimy Ehsan , Nyongand'o Omondi , Leng Theodore
Published: February 2017

A 61-year-old patient with bilateral, treatment-naïve, diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME) that had been progressing during the previous 12 months received a single intravitreal injection of aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY) to the left eye. At 2-week follow-up, noticeable bilateral improvement of the DME was observed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging with commensurate improvement of visual acuity to 20/30 bilaterally.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:167–169.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Associated With Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Trese Matthew G.J. , Thanos Aristomenis , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Randhawa Sandeep
Published: February 2017

The authors present the first case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy as a manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The association between APS and ophthalmic sequela is well-known. Recent advances in multimodal imaging, specifically OCTA, allow for better characterization of the mechanism and extent by which retinal arterial thrombosis can cause vision loss. Using advanced imaging modalities, the authors provide a comprehensive assessment of retinal ischemia, which showed not only localized capillary occlusion, but also ischemia of the deep retinal capillary plexus.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:175–178.]
Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling by 23-Gauge Endoscopy for Macular Hole Retinal Detachment in a Pathological Myopic Eye
Authors: Chen Yiqi , Shen Lijun , Zhao Shixin , Wang Lin , Xu Changbiao
Published: February 2017

Endoscopic vitrectomy can uniquely circumvent anterior segment opacities and is applied to a wide spectrum of retina diseases with media opacities. However, endoscopic internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling has not been described. The authors present one case of a retinal detachment caused by a macular hole in a pathological myopic eye combined with severe keratoleukoma. The 1-year outcome after 23-gauge endoscopic ILM peeling was good. This case report demonstrates that ILM peeling with a 23-gauge endoscope, which requires subtle and difficult macular manipulation, is feasible and effectively treats macular holes complicated with anterior segment opacities.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:179–182.]
Spontaneous Closure of Full-Thickness Macular Hole With Epiretinal Membrane in Vitrectomized Eyes: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Zhang Wenlan , Grewal Dilraj S. , Jaffe Glenn J. , Mahmoud Tamer H. , Fekrat Sharon
Published: February 2017

The authors describe three vitrectomized eyes that each subsequently developed a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) that then spontaneously closed and summarize the current literature reporting these rare events. Clinical history, imaging, and course of three patients were reviewed and compiled. All three cases in this series developed a FTMH less than 7 months following vitrectomy (for epiretinal membrane [ERM], n = 1) and retinal detachment (n = 2) that demonstrated spontaneous resolution within 2 months of symptom onset, without intervention. All three vitrectomized eyes had small holes ranging from 48 µm to 189 µm in inner opening diameter and had an ERM or lamellar hole epiretinal proliferation documented before FTMH formation. These cases demonstrate that spontaneous closure of FTMH is possible in vitrectomized eyes with small holes despite the presence of ERM. On reviewing similar cases reported in the current literature, the presence of a mild ERM with a small FTMH may even be a favorable characteristic for spontaneous closure.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:183–190.]
Use of additives to improve the capacity of bituminous mixtures to be heated by means of microwaves
Authors: Gallego J. , Del Val M. A. , Contreras V. , Páez A.
Published: February 2017

This study examines the potential of adding electric arc furnace slag to bituminous mixtures to be heated by microwaves. The susceptibility of bituminous mixtures to microwave energy is limited and so, in order to improve the energy performance of the heating process, it is necessary to incorporate additives or components to the mixture so as to improve the capacity for microwave heating. The article presents the results of adding various components, (steel wool, scrap tire wire, silicon carbide, iron filings) and an alternative aggregate: electric arc furnace slag. According to the results obtained in the laboratory, slag addition of at least 5% by weight of the bituminous mixture represents the best option for both technical and economic reasons. The results may promote the valorization of this steel industry residue in bituminous mixtures by improving microwave heating response.
Bayan Ko and Other Songs
Authors: Sarabia-Panol Zeny , Maxino-Baseleres Rosario
Published: February 2017

Using historical and content analysis, this book chapter examines the role of music in the political awakening of Filipinos through the years. Researchers are mainly interested in popular music and anchor the study on concepts of popular culture and the process of meaning making. This study therefore recognizes the intersection of music as a universal element of popular culture and politics. It argues that politicized music in the Philippines is a contested site where meanings are negotiated and where music of colonizers or a despotic ruler collides with songs of protest or resistance. While samples of the songs that defined various historical periods are analyzed, focus is on the anthems of the student protest movement of the sixties, seventies, eighties and nineties that led to the People Power Revolution. Attention is given to the message and why the lyrics not only resonated but also galvanized Filipinos to action.
Afrikaner Music and Identity Politics in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Louw P. Eric
Published: February 2017

A song about a Boer War general, released in 2006, stirred controversy in South Africa by triggering a gearshift amongst Afrikaners towards re-engaging in the political process. The song “De la Rey”, which became a popular South African hit, captured the alienation many Afrikaners felt at having become a politically marginalized and disempowered ethnic minority within a state where Black Nationalism had become the dominant discourse. The song triggered the De la Rey phenomenon in which Afrikaners became once more politically assertive, following a decade in which this community had been politically dormant. Afrikaners took to singing “De la Rey” as a sort of ‘national anthem' when they gathered in sports stadiums, BBQs, pubs and parties. Twelve months after “De la Rey” was released, the South African government expressed concern the song could become “a rallying point for treason”. The De la Rey phenomenon offers an excellent fulcrum to consider how music can provide a platform for political messages which have consequences for the political process.
The Sociopolitical Discourse of Violeta Parra and Víctor Jara - The Culture of People's Power
Authors: De Costa Elena Maria
Published: February 2017

While its roots lie deep in Latin American culture and history, the New Song music was first brought to the attention of the world when totalitarian military regimes seized power in South America during the 1970s. Torture, death, persecution, or disappearance became the tragic fate of thousands of citizens including Violeta Parra and Victor Jara of Chile, popular and talented singer-songwriters (cantautores), the latter executed for his songs of justice and freedom. Other New Song artists were driven into exile to avoid a similar fate. Later, during the 1980s, a second, deadlier wave of terror swept through Central America in genocidal proportions. Again, New Song artists urgently sang about these horrific human rights violations, denouncing the perpetrators of this violence and telling the story of the struggle of people resisting. Beyond the desired social space in which to talk about horrific human rights abuses, there is a deep history of social commentary in musical and other performative traditions in Latin America.
Rap Music in Turkey
Authors: Buhari-Gulmez Didem
Published: February 2017

Benefiting from the theoretical debate between grobalization and glocalization, this chapter aims to shed light on the emerging role of rap music as an alternative venue for political communication in a polarized country, Turkey. The chapter will discuss the political contributions of the selected underground Turkish rappers – Norm Ender, Sagopa Kajmer and Rapzan Belagat – on the public debate in the country about identity, human rights, and other socio-political issues that go beyond the traditional “Kemalist versus Kurdish”, “Kemalist versus Islamist”, and “Islamist versus Kurdish” divide. This study suggests that the Turkish rap and its varieties reflect a complex set of interactions between the local and the global in line with the glocalization approach.
Adaptive Multimedia Services in Next-Generation Broadband Wireless Access Network
Authors: Singhal Chetna , Barik Pradip Kumar
Published: February 2017

There is a massive upsurge in data traffic over the Internet due to multimedia services. The upcoming heterogeneous broadband wireless access networks (BWANs) provide higher data rates, increased capacity, and enhanced network coverage. Since the smart phone usage and multimedia service demand is increasing at a much faster pace as compared to the capacity and resources of the underlying network technology, adaptive multimedia services are essential to provide satisfactory quality of experience (QoE). The focus of this chapter is to discuss the adaptive techniques to provide better multimedia services to heterogeneous users in next-generation networks. These techniques consist of video streaming optimization using MPEG-DASH, video caching schemes, quality aware video transcoding, web optimization of multimedia services, and user-centric cross-layer optimization.
D2D- and DTN-Based Efficient Data Offloading Techniques for 5G Networks
Authors: Panigrahi Bighnaraj , Rath Hemant Kumar , Jagyasi Bhushan , Simha Anantha
Published: February 2017

With the advancement of smart phone technologies cellular communication has come to a stage where user bandwidth has surpassed the available bandwidth. In addition, the well-organized but stubborn architecture of cellular networks sometimes creates hindrance to the optimal usage of the network resources. Due to this, a User Equipment (UE) experiencing a poor channel to the Base Station (BTS) or evolved NodeB (eNB) or any other Access Point (AP) retransmits the data. In such scenarios, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication and offload/relay underlying the cellular networks or the access networks provides a unique solution where the affected UE can find a close proximity offloader UE to relay its data to eNB. Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) is another framework which has potential usage in low-connectivity zones like cell edge and/or remote locations in cellular networks. This chapter investigates various possibilities where D2D and DTN can be jointly used to improve teledensity as well delayed but guaranteed services to poor or no connectivity areas.
Resource Allocation in Multi-Tier Femtocell and Visible-Light Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Authors: Tsiropoulou Eirini Eleni , Vamvakas Panagiotis , Papavassiliou Symeon
Published: February 2017

The increasing demand in mobile data traffic, data hungry services and high QoS prerequisites have led to the design of advanced multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks. In this chapter, a multi-tier heterogeneous wireless network is examined consisting of the macrocell, multiple femtocells and multiple Visible Light Communication (VLC) cells. Distributed resource allocation approaches in two-tier femtocells are presented focusing on (a) power allocation and interference management, (b) joint power and rate allocation, and (c) resource allocation and pricing policies. Similarly, the most prominent resource allocation approaches in two-tier VLC cells are examined, including (a) user association and adaptive bandwidth allocation, (b) joint bandwidth and power allocation, and (c) interference bounded resource blocks allocation and power control. The resource allocation problem in the two-tier heterogeneous environment where both femtocells and VLC-LANs are simultaneously present is also discussed. Finally, detailed future directions and comprehensive conclusions are provided.
Fault Tracking Framework for Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
Authors: Mukherjee Amitava , Saeed Rashid A. , Dutta Sudip , Naskar Mrinal K.
Published: February 2017

The emergence of software-defined networking (SDN) raises a set of fundamental questions, including architectural issues like whether control should be centralized or distributed, and whether control and data planes should be separated. Several open problems exist in SDN space, ranging from architectural questions that are fundamental to how networks scale and evolve to implementation issues such as how we build distributed “logically centralized” control planes. Moreover, since SDN is still in its early stage, there is an opportunity to make fault tracking framework a more integral part of the overall design process. Although SDN's goal is to simplify the management of networks, the challenge is that the SDN software stack itself is a complex distributed system, operating in asynchronous, heterogeneous, and failure-prone environments. In this chapter we will focus on three key areas: 1) SDN architecture, 2) scalable SDN systems to understand which pieces of control plane can be run logically centralized fashions, and 3) fault tracking framework to track down the failures in SDN.
An Introduction to Data Analytics
Authors: Abdullah A. Sheik , Selvakumar S. , Abirami A. M.
Published: February 2017

Data analytics mainly deals with the science of examining and investigating raw data to derive useful patterns and inference. Data analytics has been deployed in many of the industries to make decisions at proper levels. It focuses upon the assumption and evaluation of the method with the intention of deriving a conclusion at various levels. Various types of data analytical techniques such as predictive analytics, prescriptive analytics, descriptive analytics, text analytics, and social media analytics are used by industrial organizations, educational institutions and by government associations. This context mainly focuses towards the illustration of contextual examples for various types of analytical techniques and its applications.
Data Mining and Statistics
Authors: Dasgupta Hirak
Published: February 2017

In the age of information, the world abounds with data. In order to obtain an intelligent appreciation of current developments, we need to absorb and interpret substantial amounts of data. The amount of data collected has grown at a phenomenal rate over the past few years. The computer age has given us both the power to rapidly process, summarize and analyse data and the encouragement to produce and store more data. The aim of data mining is to make sense of large amounts of mostly unsupervised data, in some domain. Data Mining is used to discover the patterns and relationships in data, with an emphasis on large observational data bases. This chapter aims to compare the approaches and conclude that Statisticians and Data miners can profit by studying each other's methods by using the combination of methods judiciously. The chapter also attempts to discuss data cleaning techniques involved in data mining.
Secure Data Analysis in Clusters (Iris Database)
Authors: Kumar Raghvendra , Pattnaik Prasant Kumar , Pandey Priyanka
Published: February 2017

This chapter used privacy preservation techniques (Data Modification) to ensure Privacy. Privacy preservation is another important issue. A picture, where number of clients owning their clustered databases (Iris Database) wish to run a data mining algorithm on the union of their databases, without revealing any unnecessary information and requires the privacy of the privileged information. There are numbers of efficient protocols are required for privacy preserving in data mining. This chapter presented various privacy preserving protocols that are used for security in clustered databases. The Xln(X) protocol and the secure sum protocol are used in mutual computing, which can defend privacy efficiently. Its focuses on the data modification techniques, where it has been modified our distributed database and after that sanded that modified data set to the client admin for secure data communication with zero percentage of data leakage and also reduce the communication and computation complexity.
Data Mining for Secure Online Payment Transaction
Authors: Zareapoor Masoumeh , Shamsolmoali Pourya , Alam M. Afshar
Published: February 2017

The fraud detection method requires a holistic approach where the objective is to correctly classify the transactions as legitimate or fraudulent. The existing methods give importance to detect all fraudulent transactions since it results in money loss. For this most of the time, they have to compromise on some genuine transactions. Thus, the major issue that the credit card fraud detection systems face today is that a significant percentage of transactions labelled as fraudulent are in fact legitimate. These “false alarms” delay the transactions and creates inconvenience and dissatisfaction to the customer. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop an intelligent data mining based fraud detection system for secure online payment transaction system. The performance evaluation of the proposed model is done on real credit card dataset and it is found that the proposed model has high fraud detection rate and less false alarm rate than other state-of-the-art classifiers.
Business Intelligence through Opinion Mining
Authors: Das T. K.
Published: February 2017

Business organizations have been adopting different strategies to impress upon their customers and attract them towards their products and services. On the other hand, the opinions of the customers gathered through customer feedbacks have been a great source of information for companies to evolve business intelligence to rightly place their products and services to meet the ever-changing customer requirements. In this work, we present a new approach to integrate customers' opinions into the traditional data warehouse model. We have taken Twitter as the data source for this experiment. First, we have built a system which can be used for opinion analysis on a product or a service. The second process is to model the opinion table so obtained as a dimensional table and to integrate it with a central data warehouse schema so that reports can be generated on demand. Furthermore, we have shown how business intelligence can be elicited from online product reviews by using computational intelligence technique like rough set base data analysis.
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis of Online Product Reviews
Authors: Mishra Vinod Kumar , Tiruwa Himanshu
Published: February 2017

Sentiment analysis is a part of computational linguistics concerned with extracting sentiment and emotion from text. It is also considered as a task of natural language processing and data mining. Sentiment analysis mainly concentrate on identifying whether a given text is subjective or objective and if it is subjective, then whether it is negative, positive or neutral. This chapter provide an overview of aspect based sentiment analysis with current and future trend of research on aspect based sentiment analysis. This chapter also provide a aspect based sentiment analysis of online customer reviews of Nokia 6600. To perform aspect based classification we are using lexical approach on eclipse platform which classify the review as a positive, negative or neutral on the basis of features of product. The Sentiwordnet is used as a lexical resource to calculate the overall sentiment score of each sentence, pos tagger is used for part of speech tagging, frequency based method is used for extraction of the aspects/features and used negation handling for improving the accuracy of the system.
Sentiment Analysis with Social Media Analytics, Methods, Process, and Applications
Authors: Ponnuru Karteek Ramalinga , Gupta Rashik , Trivedi Shrawan Kumar
Published: February 2017

Firms are turning their eye towards social media analytics to get to know what people are really talking about their firm or their product. With the huge amount of buzz being created online about anything and everything social media has become ‘the' platform of the day to understand what public on a whole are talking about a particular product and the process of converting all the talking into valuable information is called Sentiment Analysis. Sentiment Analysis is a process of identifying and categorizing a piece of text into positive or negative so as to understand the sentiment of the users. This chapter would take the reader through basic sentiment classifiers like building word clouds, commonality clouds, dendrograms and comparison clouds to advanced algorithms like K Nearest Neighbour, Naïve Biased Algorithm and Support Vector Machine.
Big Data Analytics in Health Care
Authors: Suneetha Keerthi
Published: February 2017

With the arrival of technology and rising amount of data (Big Data) there is a need towards implementation of effective analytical techniques (Big Data Analytics) in health sector which provides stakeholders with new insights that have the potential to advance personalized care to improve patient outcomes and avoid unnecessary costs. This chapter covers how to evaluate this big volume of data for unknown and useful facts, associations, patterns, trends which can give birth to new line of handling of diseases and provide high quality healthcare at lower cost to all citizens. This chapter gives a wide insight of introduction to Big Data Analytics in health domain, processing steps of BDA, Challenges and Future scope of research in healthcare.
First Look on Web Mining Techniques to Improve Business Intelligence of E-Commerce Applications
Authors: Sreedhar G. , Chari A. Anandaraja
Published: February 2017

Web Data Mining is the application of data mining techniques to extract useful knowledge from web data like contents of web, hyperlinks of documents and web usage logs. There is also a strong requirement of techniques to help in business decision in e-commerce. Web Data Mining can be broadly divided into three categories: Web content mining, Web structure mining and Web usage mining. Web content data are content availed to users to satisfy their required information. Web structure data represents linkage and relationship of web pages to others. Web usage data involves log data collected by web server and application server which is the main source of data. The growth of WWW and technologies has made business functions to be executed fast and easier. As large amount of transactions are performed through e-commerce sites and the huge amount of data is stored, valuable knowledge can be obtained by applying the Web Mining techniques.
Artificial Intelligence in Stochastic Multiple Criteria Decision Making
Authors: Sawicka Hanna
Published: February 2017

This chapter presents the concept of stochastic multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method to solve complex ranking decision problems. This approach is composed of three main areas of research, i.e. classical MCDM, probability theory and classification method. The most important steps of the idea are characterized and specific features of the applied methods are briefly presented. The application of Electre III combined with probability theory, and Promethee II combined with Bayes classifier are described in details. Two case studies of stochastic multiple criteria decision making are presented. The first one shows the distribution system of electrotechnical products, composed of 24 distribution centers (DC), while the core business of the second one is the production and warehousing of pharmaceutical products. Based on the application of presented stochastic MCDM method, different ways of improvements of these complex systems are proposed and the final i.e. the best paths of changes are recommended.
Joint Decision for Price Competitive Inventory Model with Time-Price and Credit Period Dependent Demand
Authors: Shah Nita H.
Published: February 2017

The problem analyzes a supply chain comprised of two front-runner retailers and one supplier. The retailers' offer customers delay in payments to settle the accounts against the purchases which is received by the supplier. The market demand of the retailer depends on time, retail price and a credit period offered to the customers with that of the other retailer. The supplier gives items with same wholesale price and credit period to the retailers. The joint and independent decisions are analyzed and validated numerically.
Selection and Scaling Time History Records for Performance-Based Design
Authors: Fahjan Yasin M. , Kara F. İlknur , Mert Aydın
Published: February 2017

Recent developments in performance-based analyses and the high performance of computational facilities have led to an increased trend for utilizing nonlinear time-history analysis in seismic evaluation of the performance of structures. One of the crucial issues of such analysis is the selection of appropriate acceleration time histories set that satisfy design code requirements at a specific site. In literature, there are three sources of acceleration time histories: 1) recorded accelerograms in real earthquakes scaled to match design code spectrum/uniform hazard spectra/conditional mean spectrum, 2) artificial records generated from white noise spectra to satisfy design code spectrum, and 3) synthetic records obtained from seismological models. Due to the increase of available strong ground motion database, using and scaling real recorded accelerograms is becoming one of the most contemporary research issues in this field. In this study, basic methodologies and criteria for selecting strong ground motion time histories are discussed. Design code requirements for scaling are summarized for ASCE/SEI-7-10, EC8 and Turkish Seismic Codes. Examples for scaling earthquake records to uniform hazard spectra are provided.
Influence of the Shear-Bending Interaction on the Global Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Frames
Authors: Clementi Francesco , Di Sciascio Giovanni , Di Sciascio Sergio , Lenci Stefano
Published: February 2017

In many seismic countries in the world (e.g. Europe, Northern USA, Japan, Turkey, etc.), the assessment of existing structures is a priority, since the majority of the building heritage was designed according to out-of-date or even non-seismic codes. The uncertainties about the nonlinear behaviour of the structures are, therefore, important and the nonlinear response should be treated directly, with a correspondingly strong increase in complexity of the assessment procedure. The assessment of regular reinforced concrete frame buildings has been performed, according to the Italian Seismic Code, Eurocode 8 and the CNR DT-212 guideline. A lumped plasticity model has been used with the aim of quantifying the differences between a fixed and a continuously updated shear span and between the use of inelastic springs located at the member ends or continuously along the beam elements, and with the purpose of considering the influence of axial-bending-shear interaction on the global capacity of the buildings.
A Review of the Accuracy of Force- and Deformation-Based Methods in Determining the Seismic Capacity of Rehabilitated RC School Buildings
Authors: Gorgulu Orkun , Taskin Beyza
Published: February 2017

This chapter focuses on the comparison of the conventional linear force-based method with the advanced nonlinear deformation-based method that are commonly preferred to investigate the seismic performances of the existing RC school buildings. School buildings which have different structural characteristics and RC infill wall index are generated from an existing school's layout plan. During the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seven recorded earthquake motions which are scaled in accordance with the Turkish Earthquake Code are employed. Seismic performances of the school buildings against the two different earthquake hazard level are evaluated considering not only various RC infill wall indexes but also different material strengths and number of stories in terms of limit states specified in the code. In order to determine the most appropriate method related to material strength, floor level and RC infill wall index for the seismic strengthening of the existing RC school buildings, the obtained linear forced and nonlinear deformation based analyses results are compared to each other.
Original and Innovative Structural Concepts for Design, Non-Linear Analysis, and Construction of Multi-Story Base Isolated Buildings
Authors: Melkumyan Mikayel G.
Published: February 2017

Seismic isolation of structures is becoming a more common method of providing protection from earthquake damage. Starting from 1994, 53 buildings and structures have been designed by the author of this chapter with application of base or roof isolation systems. Of these designed buildings, the total number of already constructed and retrofitted buildings has reached 45. The number of seismically isolated buildings per capita in Armenia is one of the highest in the world. Together with that seismic isolation laminated rubber-steel bearings (SILRSBs) different by their shape and dimensions, as well as by damping (low, medium and high) were designed and about 5000 SILRSBs were manufactured in the country, tested locally and applied in construction. since 2003 seismic isolation technologies were designed and then extensively applied in construction of multi-story buildings. these are: base isolated residential complexes, business centers, hotels, schools, and hospital buildings. Original and innovative structural concepts, including the new approach on installation of seismic isolation rubber bearings by clusters, were developed and designed for construction of these base isolated buildings and they are described in the given chapter. The advantages of this approach are listed and illustrated by the examples. It is mentioned that suggested new structural solutions in seismic isolation are bringing to significant savings in construction cost. The earthquake response comparative analyses were carried out for some of the considered buildings in two versions (i.e., when the buildings are base isolated and when they are fixed base). Several histories were used in the analyses and for both cases the buildings were analyzed also according to the requirements of the Armenian Seismic Code. Comparison of the obtained results indicates the high effectiveness of the proposed structural concepts of isolation systems and the need for further improvement of the Seismic Code provisions regarding the values of the reduction factors. A separate section in the chapter dedicated to the design of high damping laminated rubber-steel bearings and to results of their tests.
An Assessment Relationship between Social Exclusion and Transportation
Authors: Ozkazanc Seher , Sonmez Nihan Ozdemir
Published: February 2017

Having been used extensively since the 1980s, the concept of social exclusion has given a new impetus to the discussions of poverty and disadvantageousness. The concept of social exclusion, which can be defined as the condition in which certain individuals or social groups cannot integrate into the society either socially or economically or politically, leads to social cohesion problems. This triggers segregation of the society, particularly in large cities, in both social and spatial terms. In the context of accessibility, “urban transport” appears as one of the most important factors determining level of social inclusion/exclusion of the individuals or groups. In this study relation between social exclusion and transport has been evaluated as an attempt to identify socio-spatial segregation pattern of Ankara.
Equidistance
Authors: Emberger Guenter , Pfaffenbichler Paul
Published: February 2017

The chapter will provide empirical evidence how parking organization (location, number and pricing policies of parking spaces in urban areas) influences the mode choice of transport system users. Following from that, the presently applied practice of parking space modelling within existing transport models will be presented and discussed critically. It will be shown which influence on transport demand the different parking space instruments have in existing 4-stage models (FSM) and where flaws and errors in the transport demand and mode choice estimation can occur. Finally, potential improvements how to overcome these afore mentioned shortcomings are presented and the impacts on future transport planning and transport policy formulation towards sustainability will be introduced.