bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin: A Uranium Phosphorylated Binding‐Site Characterization
Authors: Safi Samir , Creff Gaëlle , Jeanson Aurélie , Qi Lei , Basset Christian , Roques Jérome , Solari Pier Lorenzo , Simoni Eric , Vidaud Claude , Den Auwer Christophe
Published: July 2013

Herein, we describe the structural investigation of one possible uranyl binding site inside a nonstructured protein. This approach couples spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and theoretical calculations (DFT) and studies the interaction of uranyl ions with a phosphopeptide, thus mimicking a possible osteopontin (OPN) hydroxyapatite growth‐inhibition site. Although thermodynamical aspects were investigated by using time‐resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), structural characterization was performed by extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) at the U LIII‐edge combined with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. From the vibrational and fluorescence spectra, several structural models of a UO22+/peptide complex were developed and subsequently refined by using theoretical calculations to fit the experimental EXAFS obtained. The structural effect of the pH value was also considered under acidic to moderately acidic conditions (pH 1.5–5.5). Most importantly, the uranyl/peptide coordination environment was similar to that of the native protein.
A multisite, community oncology‐based randomized trial of a brief educational intervention to increase communication regarding complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Parker Patricia A. , Urbauer Diana , Fisch Michael J. , Fellman Bryan , Hough Holly , Miller Jessica , Lanzotti Victor , Whisnant Mindy , Weiss Matthias , Fellenz Lori , Bury Martin , Kokx Patricia , Finn Kathleen , Daily Maureen , Cohen Lorenzo
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread, yet there is relatively little discussion regarding its use between oncology patients and their health care practitioners.

METHODS

This multisite randomized trial examined the efficacy of an educational intervention designed to encourage oncology nurses to discuss CAM use with their patients. A total of 175 nurses completed questionnaires about discussing CAM use with patients at baseline and 2 months after the intervention. Patients at baseline (N = 699) and different patients at follow‐up (N = 650) completed questionnaires regarding CAM.

RESULTS

At the 2‐month follow‐up, nurses in the intervention reported they were more likely to ask about CAM use than those in the control group (odds ratio, 4.2; P = .005). However, no significant effect was found for the percentage of patients who indicated that they were asked about CAM use (odds ratio, 2.1; P > .10). Approximately 40% of patients reported using CAM after their cancer diagnosis, yet the majority of nurses estimated that < 25% of their patients were using CAM.

CONCLUSIONS

CAM use in community‐based oncology patients is common and is underestimated by oncology nurses. The brief, low‐intensity intervention presented herein was found to be sufficiently powerful to change nurses' perceptions of their behavior but may not have been intensive enough to yield changes that were evident to patients. Cancer 2013;119:3514–3522.. © 2013 UT MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Raman Spectroscopic Investigation on TiO2–N719 Dye Interfaces Using Ag@TiO2 Nanoparticles and Potential Correlation Strategies
Authors: Qiu Zhi , Zhang Meng , Wu De‐Yin , Ding Song‐Yuan , Zuo Qi‐Qi , Huang Yi‐Fan , Shen Wei , Lin Xiao‐Dong , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Mao Bing‐Wei
Published: July 2013

Herein, we employ Ag@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) investigations of TiO2–N719 dye interfaces. In situ electrochemical SERS investigations of the Ag@TiO2–N719 interaction are systematically carried out under a series of electrode‐potential controls. By comparing the potential dependence of resonant and pre‐resonant SERS spectra recorded with different laser excitations, bidentate carboxylate linkage is considered to be involved in N719 adsorption on TiO2. Meanwhile, SCN ligand shows obvious interactions with TiO2, and their role in the adsorption and orientation of N719 on TiO2 should not be underestimated. The in situ SERS spectra of Ag@TiO2 show a clear bell‐shaped intensity–potential relation for the major bands of N719. A molecule‐to‐TiO2 charge‐transfer resonance is tentatively attributed to account for such a phenomenon. Under the influence of such a charge‐transfer resonance, valuable information about the N719–TiO2 interaction as well as the intramolecular deformation of N719 is obtained.
Gut Microbiota and Probiotics: Current Status and Their Role in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Khan Abdul Arif , Khurshid Mohsin , Khan Shahanavaj , Alshamsan Aws
Published: July 2013

Preclinical Research

The microbiome is a collection of all microbial species that coexist with an individual. These organisms influence several aspects of individual body functions. Probiotic organisms are generally beneficial components of microflora and confer normal health status. Usually, probiotics should be provided from the outside in the diet for maintaining proper health status. Probiotics can also have a significant impact on cancer management. While the results toward cancer management with probiotics are promising, careful risk assessment of probiotics use in cancer patients, who are usually immunocompromised due to radical therapy, comes as a great demand. This article provides an overview of the current research status of probiotics use in cancer patients and discusses the role of probiotics in cancer management.
Deleterious effect of glycation on the ability of HDL to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation
Authors: Brindisi M. C. , Duvillard L. , Monier S. , Vergès B. , Perségol L.
Published: July 2013

Background

Contrary to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) from normolipidaemic and normoglycaemic subjects, HDL from diabetic patients loses its ability to reverse the inhibition of vasorelaxation induced by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). The aim of this study was to analyze the role of glycation, a major abnormality observed in diabetes, on the impairment of the vasorelaxant effect of HDL.

Methods

HDL from healthy subjects was glycated in vitro by incubation in glucose 200 mmol/L for 3 days. Vasoreactivity was evaluated by the relaxation response to acetylcholine of rabbit aorta rings pre‐contracted with noradrenaline, before and after 2 h incubation with or without different lipoprotein fractions (Krebs buffer, oxidized LDL, normal or glycated HDL alone and with oxidized LDL).

Result

The fructosamine/apolipoprotein AI ratio was significantly increased in glycated HDL compared with native HDL (53.63 ± 7.91 vs 18.51 ± 4.10 µmol/g; p < 0.05). Oxidized LDL inhibited endothelium‐dependent vasodilation compared with Krebs buffer [maximal relaxation (Emax) = 53.15 ± 6.50 vs 98.67 ± 2.07%, p < 0.001]. Native HDL was able to counteract the oxidized LDL‐induced inhibition of vasorelaxation (Emax = 76.93 ± 5.41 vs 53.15 ± 6.50%, p < 0.001). On the other hand, glycated HDL had no effect on oxidized LDL‐induced inhibition of endothelium vasorelaxation compared with incubation with oxidized LDL alone (Emax = 52.98 ± 2.07 vs 53.15 ± 6.50%, not significant).

Conclusion

Glycation of HDL induces the loss of the ability of HDL to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation, this is likely contributing to the impairment of antiatherogenic properties of HDL in diabetic patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibited upper ocean restratification in nonequilibrium swell conditions
Authors: Kukulka T. , Plueddemann A. J. , Sullivan P. P.
Published: July 2013

Diurnal restratification of the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) represents a competition between mixing of the OSBL and solar heating. Langmuir turbulence (LT) is a mixing process in the OSBL, driven by wind and surface waves, that transfers momentum, heat, and mass. Observations in nonequilibrium swell conditions reveal that the OSBL does not restratify despite low winds and strong solar radiation. Motivated by observations, we use large‐eddy simulations of the wave‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations to show that LT is capable of inhibiting diurnal restratification of the OSBL. Incoming heat is redistributed vertically by LT, forming a warmer OSBL with a nearly uniform temperature. The inhibition of restratification is not reproduced by two common Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equation models, highlighting the importance of properly representing sea‐state dependent LT dynamics in OSBL models.
Sediment deposition at the modern grounding zone of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Authors: Horgan Huw J. , Christianson Knut , Jacobel Robert W. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Alley Richard B.
Published: July 2013

Much of the threshold behavior of marine ice sheets is thought to result from processes occurring at the grounding zone, where the ice sheet transitions into the ice shelf. At short timescales (decades to centuries), grounding zone behavior is likely to be influenced by ongoing sediment deposition, which can stabilize the grounding zone position. We present a ground‐based geophysical study across the modern grounding zone of Whillans Ice Stream. Within an embayment setting, where subglacial meltwater drains, we image sedimentary deposits; however, we do not observe the classic asymmetric grounding zone wedge deposits, which are found in the paleorecord and are thought to stabilize the grounding zone position. At an adjacent peninsula, we image the grounding zone and an ice‐shelf pinning point and again observe no wedge deposits.
Evaluation of a multiplex panel of immune‐related markers in cervical secretions: A methodologic study
Authors: Koshiol Jill , Sklavos Martha , Wentzensen Nicolas , Kemp Troy , Schiffman Mark , Dunn S. Terence , Wang Sophia S. , Walker Joan L. , Safaeian Mahboobeh , Zuna Rosemary E. , Hildesheim Allan , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Pinto Ligia A.
Published: July 2013

Although persistent carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary for cervical carcinogenesis, the cofactors involved in HPV persistence and disease progression are poorly understood. Chronic cervical inflammation may increase risk, but few studies have measured immune markers (cytokines, chemokines and soluble receptors) in cervical secretions. We evaluated the performance of 74 multiplexed, bead‐based immune markers in cervical secretions from three groups of women with biopsy evaluation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), (i) <CIN1, HPV‐negative (n = 24), (ii) 25% detectability and >80% interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) acceptable for epidemiologic studies. Within‐batch coefficients of variation (CVs) of ≥25% indicated room for assay improvement. Secondarily, we explored associations between marker levels and CIN/HPV status adjusted for matching variables, assay batch, age and number of sexual partners. Sixty‐two markers (84%) had >25% detectability and ICCs > 80%. Of those, 53 (85%) had CVs < 25%. Using these preliminary data, we found that HPV positivity was associated with increased eotaxin‐1 [odds ratio (OR): 15.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–200.00] and G‐CSF (OR: 12.99, 95% CI: 1.10–142.86) among CIN‐negative women. There was suggestive evidence that higher chemoattractant marker levels were associated with CIN2/3 (e.g., MIP‐1delta, OR: 4.48, 95% CI: 0.87–23.04 versus <CIN1/HPV‐positive). More than 70% of markers were reliably measured. This assay may be used to evaluate associations of immune‐related markers with CIN and HPV status.
Polymorphisms of Helicobacter pylori signaling pathway genes and gastric cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer‐eurgast cohort
Authors: Companioni Osmel , Bonet Catalina , Muñoz Xavier , Weiderpass Elisabete , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Palli Domenico , Agnoli Claudia , Vineis Paolo , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Racine Antoine , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Travis Ruth C. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Riboli Elio , Murphy Neil , Vergnaud Anne‐Claire , Trichopoulou Antonia , Benetou Vassiliki , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Lund Eiliv , Johansen Dorthe , Lindkvist Björn , Johansson Mattias , Sund Malin , Ardanaz Eva , Sánchez‐Cantalejo Emilio , Huerta Jose M. , Dorronsoro Miren , Ramón Quirós José , Tjonneland Anne , Maxild Mortensen Lotte , Overvad Kim , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Rizzato Cosmeri , Boeing Heiner , de Mesquita H. Bas Bueno , Siersema Peter , Peeters Petra H.M. , Numans Mattijs E. , Carneiro Fatima , Licaj Idlir , Freisling Heinz , Sala Núria , González Carlos A.
Published: July 2013

Helicobacter pylori is a recognized causal factor of noncardia gastric cancer (GC). Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan of this bacterium are recognized by CD14, TLR4 and NOD2 human proteins, while NFKB1 activates the transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokines to elicit an immune response. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes have been associated with GC in different populations. We genotyped 30 SNPs of these genes, in 365 gastric adenocarcinomas and 1,284 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort. The association with GC and its histological and anatomical subtypes was analyzed by logistic regression and corrected for multiple comparisons. Using a log‐additive model, we found a significant association between SNPs in CD14, NOD2 and TLR4 with GC risk. However, after applying the multiple comparisons tests only the NOD2 region remained significant (p = 0.009). Analysis according to anatomical subtypes revealed NOD2 and NFKB1 SNPs associated with noncardia GC and CD14 SNPs associated with cardia GC, while analysis according to histological subtypes showed that CD14 was associated with intestinal but not diffuse GC. The multiple comparisons tests confirmed the association of NOD2 with noncardia GC (p = 0.0003) and CD14 with cardia GC (p = 0.01). Haplotype analysis was in agreement with single SNP results for NOD2 and CD14 genes. From these results, we conclude that genetic variation in NOD2 associates with noncardia GC while variation in CD14 is associated with cardia GC.
How many cervical cancer cases can potentially be prevented using a more sensitive screening test at young age?
Authors: de Kok Inge M.C.M. , van Rosmalen Joost , Rozemeijer Kirsten , Penning Corine , van Ballegooijen Marjolein
Published: July 2013

The human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test has higher sensitivity than cytology for cervical cancer screening. Therefore, cervical cancer cases that are missed by cytology could potentially be identified if we use primary HPV testing. Studies showed that HPV screening is the preferred primary test at age 35 and over. Given the high prevalence of harmless HPV infections, the use of HPV testing at younger age is less obvious. The number of cancers in young age is often mentioned to indicate the possible benefits of a more sensitive test. We actually estimated the proportion of those cases that is potentially preventable in The Netherlands by the use of a more sensitive screen‐test at the first screening age 30, given that the more sensitive test is used at age 35 and over. We analysed the screening history of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in the period 2004 to March 2009, using data from the Dutch National Pathology Registry. Only 15–30% (two to four cases per 100,000 women) of the cases was preceded by negative cytology under age 35 and therefore could have been prevented by a more sensitive test at age 30. The lower the screening coverage and the shorter the screening interval in those screened at young age, the smaller the gain of a more sensitive test. So, as long as the current screening pattern is not changed, the majority of the cervical cancer cases at young age would still occur even when applying a more sensitive test at the younger ages.
Lovastatin‐induced apoptosis is mediated by activating transcription factor 3 and enhanced in combination with salubrinal
Authors: Niknejad Nima , Gorn‐Hondermann Ivan , Ma Laurie , Zahr Stephanie , Johnson‐Obeseki Stephanie , Corsten Martin , Dimitroulakos Jim
Published: July 2013

We have previously demonstrated the ability of lovastatin, a potent inhibitor of mevalonate synthesis, to induce tumor‐specific apoptosis. The apoptotic effects of lovastatin were regulated in part by the integrated stress response (ISR) that regulates cellular responses to a wide variety of stress inducers. A key regulator of the ISR apoptotic response is activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and its target gene CHOP/GADD153. In our study, we demonstrate that in multiple lovastatin‐resistant clones of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC9, lovastatin treatment (1‐25 μM, 24 hr) in contrast to the parental line failed to significantly induce ATF3 expression. Furthermore, the SCC‐derived cell lines SCC25 and HeLa that are sensitive to lovastatin‐induced apoptosis also preferentially induce ATF3 expression compared to resistant breast (MCF‐7) and prostate carcinoma (PC3)‐derived cell lines. In HeLa cells shRNA targeting ATF3 expression as well as in ATF3‐deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts, lovastatin‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis were attenuated. In ex vivo HNSCC tumors, lovastatin also induced ATF3 mRNA expression in two of four tumors evaluated. Salubrinal, an agent that can sustain the activity of a key regulator of the ISR eIF2α, further increased the expression of ATF3 and demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with lovastatin in SCC cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate preferential induction of ATF3 in lovastatin‐sensitive tumor‐derived cell lines that regulate lovastatin‐induced apoptosis. Importantly, combining lovastatin with salubrinal enhanced ATF3 expression and induced synergistic cytotoxicity in SCC cells.
Combination of radiofrequency ablation and sequential cellular immunotherapy improves progression‐free survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cui Jiuwei , Wang Nanya , Zhao Hengjun , Jin Haofan , Wang Guanjun , Niu Chao , Terunuma Hiroshi , He Hua , Li Wei
Published: July 2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs frequently after minimally invasive therapy. The aim of our study was to observe the efficiency and safety of the combined treatment of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with cellular immunotherapy (CIT) for HCC patients. In our study, 62 patients with HCC who were treated with radical RFA were divided into two groups: RFA alone (32 patients) and RFA/CIT (30 patients). Autologous mononuclear cells were collected from the peripheral blood and separated by apheresis, and then induced into natural killer (NK) cells, γδT cells and cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells. These cells were identified by flow cytometry with their specific antibodies and then were infused intravenously to RFA/CIT patients for three or six courses. The tumor recurrent status of these patients was evaluated with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging every 3 months after RFA. Progression‐free survival (PFS), liver function, viral load and adverse effects were examined. The results implied that PFS was higher in RFA/CIT group than that in RFA group. In RFA/CIT group, six courses had better survival prognosis than three courses. Viral load of hepatitis C was decreased in two of three patients without antiviral therapy in RFA/CIT group, but was increased in RFA group. No significant adverse reaction was found in the patients with CIT. In summary, these preliminary results suggest that combination of sequential CIT with RFA for HCC patients was efficient and safe, and may be helpful in the prevention of the recurrence for the patients with HCC after RFA.
First‐Generation Undergraduate Students' Social Support, Depression, and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Jenkins Sharon Rae , Belanger Aimee , Connally Melissa Londoño , Boals Adriel , Durón Kelly M.
Published: July 2013

First‐generation undergraduate students face challenging cross‐socioeconomic cultural transitions into college life. The authors compared first‐ and non‐first‐generation undergraduate students’ social support, posttraumatic stress, depression symptoms, and life satisfaction. First‐generation participants reported less social support from family and friends, more single‐event traumatic stress, less life satisfaction, and marginally more depression symptomatology than non‐first‐generation participants, but significant generation–gender interactions showed first‐generation women doing worse and first‐generation men doing better than others.
Separation of Lipids on Human Very Low‐density Lipoproteins by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
Authors: Lai Wei‐Ting , Liao Yi‐Han , Xie Huai‐Guang , Liu Yi‐Ning , Lin Yi‐Jyun , Liu Mine‐Yine
Published: July 2013

Liquid‐phase and solid‐phase extractions (SPE) in combination with a simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method were used to investigate human very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids for two healthy donors. At absorbance 200 nm, the effective mobilities and peak areas of the MEKC profiles showed good reproducibility and precisions. A major peak and several minor peaks appeared for the total lipids of native VLDL, but both the peak numbers and areas reduced for the in vitro oxidized VLDL. Two chloroform and two methanol fractions were obtained from SPE of VLDL total lipids. Significant differences were observed for the first methanol fraction between native and in vitro oxidized VLDL lipids. The first methanol fraction showed a major peak and several minor peaks for native VLDL, but both the peak numbers and areas reduced for oxidized VLDL. Oxidation of VLDL caused decomposition of lipids, and thus the reduction of peak numbers and areas.
Effects of Divalent Metal Ions on the Chaperone Activity and Structure of Rat Lens H18G Mutant αB‐Crystallin
Authors: Lu Shou‐Yun , Huang Fu‐Yung
Published: July 2013

αB‐crystalin, a small heat shock protein and a component of α‐crystalin, is a molecular chaperone playing an important role in preventing the formation of cataracts. It has been reported that His18 is an important site for Cu2+ to bind with to form a stable metal complex and thus to enhance this chaperone‐like activity of human αB‐crystalin. In this work, we used site‐directed mutagenesis to clone and express H18G rat lens αB‐crystalin in order to investigate the role of His18 in chaperoning activity. We found that 1 mM of Cu2+, or Zn2+, rather than Mg2+, significantly enhanced the chaperone‐like activity of wild type αB‐crystalin. Whereas, it is Zn2+ and Mg2+, not Cu2+, that significantly reduced this activity of H18G αB‐crystalin. In the absence of cation, H18G showed better activity compared to the wild type αB‐crystalin. ANS fluorescence measurement showed there was no linear relationship between chaperone‐like activity and surface hydrophobicity, indicating that surface hydrophobicity is not a prerequisite for chaperone‐like activity. An HPLC size‐exclusion chromatography study showed that in the presence of metal ions, wild type αB‐crystalin tended to aggregate via dissociation and re‐association into a high molecular aggregate with a molecular weight higher than 1400 kDa and then precipitated, suggesting that the presence of metal ions is a factor leading to the formation of cataracts. Both the near and far UV‐CD spectra suggested that the wild type αB‐crystalin reflected more β‐sheet structural characteristics; whereas the H18G reflected more random coil characteristics. The H18G induced structural alterations as to develop more random coil characteristics and more micro‐environmental changes around the tryptophan residues. This work suggested that His18 may not be a crucial binding site for Cu2+, but rather that it may be an important binding site for Zn2+ in terms of chaperone‐like activity and the process of metal induced self‐aggregation is prerequisite for chaperone‐like activity to occur.
Ulysses observations of Jupiter's 10 h modulation in interplanetary space in 2004
Authors: Dunzlaff P. , Heber B. , Kopp A.
Published: July 2013

Since the Pioneer 10/11 mission, Jupiter is known as a dominant and almost constant source of MeV electrons in the inner heliosphere. An interesting feature of the Jovian electron source is the fact that Jupiter's rotation period (~10 h) can frequently be recovered in the energy spectrum of Jovian electrons in the vicinity of the planet. However, this modulation has never been convincingly reported to exist beyond ~1 AU away from the planet. In order to search for the 10 h modulation in the heliosphere, we reexamined Ulysses MeV‐electron data from the High Energy Telescope (HET) and Kiel Electron Telescope (KET) for the second Jupiter flyby using a Lomb‐Scargle spectral analysis. From days 140 to 147 of 2004, when Ulysses was ~1.2 AU away from the planet at low latitudes during the spacecraft's second flyby, a clear 10 h modulation signature was found when electrons were streaming away from Jupiter. We present data of an event that suggests the presence of the 10 h modulation even at ~2.2 AU.
The influence of oxidation on the tribological performance of diester lubricant
Authors: Wu Yanxia , Li Weimin , Wang Xiaobo
Published: July 2013

The oxidative degradation test of di‐2‐ethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS) was carried out by a sealed stainless steel reactor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were utilised to characterise the chemical composition and molecular structure of the oxidation products. The results revealed that 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol and mono(2‐ethylhexyl)sebacate were major degradation products in the liquid phase. Tribological behaviour was measured using a four‐ball tester. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the morphologies of the worn surface. Tribological results showed that anti‐wear and friction‐reducing performances of DEHS were highly dependent on the chemical composition of the oxidation products generated during the test. The hydroperoxides formed during the initial oxidation process could deteriorate lubrication properties of DEHS. However, certain amount of highly polar degradation products (acids and alcohols) generated could significantly improve the friction‐reducing performance of DEHS by the formation of boundary adsorption films on the rubbing surfaces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asynchronous collision integrators: Explicit treatment of unilateral contact with friction and nodal restraints
Authors: Wolff Sebastian , Bucher Christian
Published: July 2013

This article presents asynchronous collision integrators and a simple asynchronous method treating nodal restraints. Asynchronous discretizations allow individual time step sizes for each spatial region, improving the efficiency of explicit time stepping for finite element meshes with heterogeneous element sizes. The article first introduces asynchronous variational integration being expressed by drift and kick operators. Linear nodal restraint conditions are solved by a simple projection of the forces that is shown to be equivalent to RATTLE. Unilateral contact is solved by an asynchronous variant of decomposition contact response. Therein, velocities are modified avoiding penetrations. Although decomposition contact response is solving a large system of linear equations (being critical for the numerical efficiency of explicit time stepping schemes) and is needing special treatment regarding overconstraint and linear dependency of the contact constraints (for example from double‐sided node‐to‐surface contact or self‐contact), the asynchronous strategy handles these situations efficiently and robust. Only a single constraint involving a very small number of degrees of freedom is considered at once leading to a very efficient solution. The treatment of friction is exemplified for the Coulomb model. Special care needs the contact of nodes that are subject to restraints. Together with the aforementioned projection for restraints, a novel efficient solution scheme can be presented. The collision integrator does not influence the critical time step. Hence, the time step can be chosen independently from the underlying time‐stepping scheme. The time step may be fixed or time‐adaptive. New demands on global collision detection are discussed exemplified by position codes and node‐to‐segment integration. Numerical examples illustrate convergence and efficiency of the new contact algorithm. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust constrained economic receding horizon control applied to the two time‐scale dynamics problem of a greenhouse
Authors: González Ramón , Rodríguez Francisco , Guzmán José Luis , Berenguel Manuel
Published: July 2013

This paper discusses the formulation of an optimal control framework for a two time‐scale system modeled in terms of singular perturbation theory. The fast dynamics subsystem is controlled online by means of a robust receding horizon control approach considering economic objectives in the performance function and fulfilling state and input constraints. The formulation is addressed in general terms, so it can be adapted to different applications. A practical example is given, greenhouse crop growth control. Simulations comparing the proposed controller with another two time‐scale control strategy demonstrate constraints fulfillment and a proper performance, assuming uncertainty in the weather conditions during the predictions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communications over phase noise channels: a tutorial review
Authors: Colavolpe Giulio
Published: July 2013

In this tutorial paper, we first review the main information–theoretic results on channels affected by a time‐varying phase noise. The main maximum a posteriori symbol detection algorithms to be employed in such a challenging scenario are then described considering linear modulations and advanced coding schemes based on iterative detection and decoding. The role of pilot symbols will be also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Pre‐Heating on the Microstructural Evolution and Super‐Plasticity of Al Deformed by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Cheng KuiYu , Tieu Kiet , Lu Cheng , Zhu Hongtao , Pei Linqing
Published: July 2013

Ultrafine‐grained AA1050 sheets have been produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Two ARB processes have been compared in this study, one with preheating and the other without. In the preheated process the specimens were heated at 250°C for 3 minutes before ARB rolling. The microstructures of the ARB specimens were then investigated by transmission‐electron‐microscope (TEM) at different positions along the thickness, and it is found that the specimens deformed by ARB generally present a strong rolling texture with elongated grains in the middle of the sheet and roughly equiaxed grains near the surface. However, the equi‐axed grains near the surface of the deformed sample had been impaired to some extent by preheating, and there was less grain refinement and more in‐grain dislocations in the preheated specimens. A super‐plasticity test was conducted on an Instron‐type machine, with the results showing that pre‐heating had improved superplasticity to a certain extent.
Using iPads to teach inquiry science to students with a moderate to severe intellectual disability: A pilot study
Authors: Miller Bridget T. , Krockover Gerald H. , Doughty Teresa
Published: July 2013

Multiple illustrative case studies were used to investigate guided inquiry methods and the benefits of traditional science notebooks versus electronic science notebooks for students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities. Results indicated students successfully acquired science content and increased motivation through science inquiry instruction using both methods. However, each student demonstrated higher motivation, engagement, and independence in inquiry investigation with the use of iPad® electronic notebooks. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 887–911, 2013
Suppression of Arabidopsis RING E3 ubiquitin ligase AtATL78 increases tolerance to cold stress and decreases tolerance to drought stress
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Kim Woo Taek
Published: July 2013

AtATL78 is an Arabidopsis RING E3 ubiquitin ligase. RT‐PCR and promoter‐GUS assays revealed that AtATL78 was up‐regulated by cold stress and down‐regulated by drought. AtATL78 was localized at the plasma‐membrane. Suppression of AtATL78 increased tolerance to cold stress but decreased tolerance to drought. Our data suggests that AtATL78 is a negative regulator of cold stress response and a positive regulator of drought stress response in Arabidopsis. These results further suggest that AtATL78 plays opposing roles in cold and drought stress responses.
Contratos idiosincrásicos en la atracción y retención del talento: tres estudios en organizaciones intensivas en conocimiento de la Argentina
Authors: Dabos Guillermo Enrique , Rivero Andrea Gabriela
Published: July 2013

Este documento examina la presencia de términos idiosincrásicos en los contratos de trabajo celebrados por organizaciones intensivas en conocimiento de la Argentina. Se utilizan datos provenientes de tres estudios independientes realizados en ámbitos diferentes: directivos de empresas líderes en el marco de un executive MBA, empleados altamente calificados del sector software y servicios informáticos, e investigadores pertenecientes a una prestigiosa institución científico-tecnológica. Los resultados informan sobre la creciente presencia de términos idiosincrásicos en los contratos laborales negociados por estos trabajadores del conocimiento, así como también sobre el momento, contenido y alcance de la negociación. Finalmente, se discute el impacto de los contratos idiosincrásicos en el marco de la gestión estratégica de recursos humanos y se presentan las implicancias teórico-prácticas asociadas a su implementación efectiva.
Una revisión de los modelos de mejoramiento de procesos con enfoque en el rediseño
Authors: Serrano Gómez Lupita Serrano , Ortiz Pimiento Néstor Raúl
Published: July 2013

Este artículo revisa la literatura sobre los diferentes modelos para el mejoramiento de procesos desarrollados como elemento clave para alinear las operaciones de las empresas con sus prioridades estratégicas. El objetivo es proporcionar información útil sobre la anatomía de la literatura en esta área de conocimiento, presentando un marco unificado de los artículos explorados cronológicamente, a partir de los tres principales enfoques para el mejoramiento de procesos. El análisis se centra en 11 modelos con un enfoque en el rediseño y examina las características subyacentes y la metodología estructurada, los aportes y diferencias entre los constructos manejados por sus autores. Adicionalmente, se revisan los aspectos positivos y aquellos que pueden ser complementados para mejorar su aplicabilidad en las empresas
Is Georgia the Next “New” Wine-Exporting Country?
Authors: Anderson Kym
Published: July 2013

The former Soviet republic of Georgia is reputedly the cradle of wine and has enjoyed at least 8,000 vintages. It has also been a major supplier of wine to Russia for at least 200 years, but to few other countries. In 2006, however, Russia imposed a ban on beverage imports from Georgia. Since then this relatively poor country, in which nearly half the population is rural and most farmers have a vineyard, has been seeking to develop new export markets for its wine. This paper assesses the potential for growth in Georgia's wine production and exports. It then outlines ways to addresses the challenges involved in trying to realize that potential, drawing on the experience of other countries that have rapidly expanded their wine exports in the past two decades. Implications for policy are drawn, particularly for ensuring that poverty is reduced as exports expand and the economy grows. (JEL Classifications: F14, F15, F54, Q17)
Does phloem-based resistance to aphid feeding affect host-plant acceptance for reproduction? Parturition of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum, on two near-isogenic lines ofMedicago truncatula
Authors: Nam K. Jung , Powell G. , Hardie J.
Published: July 2013

Probing behaviour (prior to parturition) and parturition of two clones (PS01 and N116) of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisumon two genotypes (near-isogenic lines (NILs)) (Q174_5.13 and Q174_9.10) ofMedicago truncatulawere investigated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) coupled with simultaneous visual monitoring for parturition. Line Q174_5.13 has been reported to show a phloem-based resistance to feeding in the clone PS01 but to be susceptible to the clone N116, whereas Q174_9.10 has shown to be susceptible to both aphid clones. The time taken to first parturition by clone PS01 was similar on Q174_5.13 and Q174_9.10. Prior to parturition, no aphids on Q174_5.13 contacted phloem, but 5% of the aphids on Q174_9.10 showed phloem salivation (recognized by EPG pattern E1). No phloem contact was observed with aphid clone N116 on either NILs ofMedicagobefore first parturition occurred, and the time taken to first larviposition was similar on Q174_5.13 and Q174_9.10. The results indicate that the initiation of parturition of the clone PS01 and N116 on both NILs does not require the phloem contact and seems unchanged by a phloem-based resistance mechanism to feeding onMedicago. This finding suggests that host recognition and decisions about parturition occur before phloem contact or ingestion, and act independently onR-gene-mediated resistance.
Ad Lectores
Authors: Bailey Cyril
Published: July 2013

When a new journal makes its bow to the public, it is expected to submit to a δoκiμασíα and to explain the reasons for its existence. Greece and Rome is a classical journal, or, as its claim might be stated more modestly, a journal for readers of the classics. It has many elder sisters, the Classical Quarterly, the Classical Review, the Journals of Hellenic and of Roman Studies, to which it would be an impertinence to appear as a rival. But Greece and Rome has no intention of rivalling these grave and reverend seniors; its function is rather to be a supplement. For all of these, though many of their articles have a wide appeal, are in fact the journals of the professors and the learned dons, whose business is in the deep waters of the minutiae of classical scholarship, and of the latest developments in its many branches. But there is another public, less learned perhaps but not less keen, the classical schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, who, though their occupations do not permit them to keep abreast with details, are yet eager to know the general trend of recent criticism and to hear of important new discoveries in archaeology or to learn the gist of a striking new theory. There are many too, as the list of the members of the Classical Association makes clear, whose avocations lie in quite different fields, but who maintain their study of the classics and their love of all connected with the ancient world. It is for such as these that Greece and Rome hopes to cater. It will be its endeavour to provide interesting and attractive articles on general topics connected with the study of the classics as well as to give an efficient record of work that is being done.
The Pronunciation of Latin
Authors: Westaway F. W.
Published: July 2013

Dr. Alington's golden darts are, as usual, exquisitely fashioned, but they are poor things in a desperate defence and ensure victory to the enemy all along the line.
Gallo-Roman Religious Sculpture
Authors: Newell A. N.
Published: July 2013

Between Celtic and Graeco-Roman art there existed an irreconcilable antagonism. Celtic art, the art of pre-Roman Gaul, was essentially decorative and abstract, loving geometric motifs and the stylization of living forms for purposes of ornamentation; whereas Graeco-Roman art favoured naturalism and anthropomorphism. No real synthesis of these two opposed artistic doctrines was possible; so that Gallo-Roman art, the result of an attempt at an impossible synthesis, forced upon the Celtic artist by his Roman conqueror, is, judged by a purely aesthetic criterion, a very mediocre product. Its interest, therefore, is not primarily aesthetic, but historically its importance is paramount; for the extant sculptures, in all their diversity and extent, throw a flood of light on the religious cults, social customs, and economic conditions of Roman Gaul. Confining ourselves to Gallo-Roman religious sculpture, our object here is to give a general survey of the iconography of peculiarly Celtic deities which survived in the Roman province, as represented in sculptures of stone and bronze. Our concern, then, is not with Celtic religion as a whole, but only with its artistic aspect in the Roman era; but even so, literary and epigraphical evidence will frequently prove illuminating in the interpretation of the works of art. We must, clearly, exclude from our scope all purely Graeco-Roman divinities imported into Gaul, together with the Oriental and Egyptian deities of the second and third centuries a.d., and the later Christian monuments. Out of this sentina numinum, this kitchen-midden of all sorts of cults, we select for discussion here only the religious imagery of Celtic divinities which survived the Roman domination. But, before embarking on this venture, a brief sketch of the salient features of Celtic religion will be relevant.
Pets in Classical Times
Authors: Gosling W. F.
Published: July 2013

If you take a walk round the exhibition of Greek and Roman Life in the British Museum, you will see there many fascinating domestic articles of antiquity, brooches, kylices, mirrors, lamps, and many of them you will find to be decorated with pictures of domestic life, of girls and boys, men and women in their natural happy surroundings. What more natural, then, that they should have with them the pets they loved and played with? Their dogs, their rabbits, their quails, cocks, sparrows, geese, their cats, their parrots, cranes, crows, and even their monkeys are all to be seen if we look with a discerning eye.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Authors: Shutt R. J. H.
Published: July 2013

Halicarnassus was the birth-place of two historians, Herodotus and Dionysius, though Herodotus is better known: both, however, left their native place for the metropolis of their day, Herodotus for Athens, at that time the mistress of a growing empire, Dionysius for Rome. ‘I took ship to Italy,’ he says of himself, ‘at the time when the Civil War was brought to an end by Augustus Caesar, in the middle of the one hundred and eighty-seventh Olympiad, and I have spent in Rome the twenty-two years which have elapsed between that time and this. I have learnt the Roman language thoroughly and made myself acquainted with the national records; and throughout the whole of this period I continued working on matters connected with this history.’ We gather, then, that he migrated to Italy about 30 b.c. This period was particularly important in Roman history. The revolution, the seeds of which had been sown as early as 13.3 b.c., by Tiberius Gracchus, had after its various vicissitudes come to an end for the time being, Julius Caesar, the champion of the people, having become in all but name the monarch of the Roman world. With his murder in 44 b.c., since the Republic could not be restored, the struggle for supremacy began again: the murder of one man meant the repetition by others of the same process by which he had obtained his power. Augustus and Antony emerged as the chief rivals for the vacant throne, and Augustus at Actium secured it; a fact all must have realized in spite of the fair-sounding names of liberty and republic. That a contemporary should write a true account of the events about this time was vitally necessary. Augustus, when established in power, began to gather around him a literary circle including Virgil, Horace, and Livy, under the patronage of the distinguished Maecenas.
The Tragic Vision of Aeschylus
Authors: Knight W. F. J.
Published: July 2013

On two sides productive work for the understanding of Aeschylean tragedy has lately been done. Cambridge scholars have made useful progress in the elucidation of Aeschylus, and recent new interpretations of the symbolic and prophetic meaning of later poetry, including the New Testament, have produced results which can be applied with caution to tragic poetry in general. A combination of the methods of these investigators, which yet does not abandon all the estimates of older criticism, may, by a slight change of perspective, enable further progress in the interpretation of Aeschylus to be made.
Roman Influence in the North
Authors: Dobson Dina P.
Published: July 2013

It is often assumed that Roman culture, which spread over almost all Europe, came to an end in the north at the Limes, which, of course, followed the lower course of the Rhine and part of the Danube, thus excluding most of Germany. But there is evidence that the free Germans traded with the Empire, and in the museums of Scandinavia there are numerous Roman objects which were found in the surrounding country, and which prove that even in Denmark and the southern parts of Norway and Sweden the inhabitants were ready to acquire things made according to Roman fashions, and that as time went on the natives were deeply influenced by these artifacts, even in their own manufactures.
Alexander the Greater
Authors: Dalziel D. G.
Published: July 2013

The claim that Alexander the Paphlagonian is greater than his Macedonian namesake is perhaps hardly to be taken seriously, yet an ingenious pro-Paphlagonian might argue with justice that his Alexander ‘conquered’ a large part of the Roman Empire; that this conquest was almost bloodless; and that the story of it appeals to the sense of humour, which is more than can be said for the history of Philip's filibustering son.
Heresies IV—Sequence After the Pure Perfect in Latin
Authors: Trayes F. E. A.
Published: July 2013

Suppose a class set to put into Latin ‘I think I have said enough to show why this war is necessary’. How many teachers would accept esset in the subordinate clause? Not, I venture to affirm, one in a hundred. Yet that is what was written by Cicero, who had of course the advantage of not knowing the above ‘rule’, in the De Imperio Cn. Pompei, 10. 27: ‘satis mihi multa verba fecisse videor, quare esset hoc bellum … necessarium; … restat ut de imperatore … dicendum esse videatur.’ He uses the same construction later in the speech (19.57): ‘quo mihi etiam indignius videtur obtrectatum esse adhuc, Gabinio dicam anne Pompeio an utrique, id quod est verius, ne legaretur A. Gabinius Cn. Pompeio expetenti ac postulanti’ And a fairly careful reading of the speeches against Catiline gives eleven examples of historic sequence after a pure perfect against six of primary. I quote some of them: ii. 4. 6, ‘quod exspectavi, iam sum adsecutus, ut vos omnes factam esse aperte coniurationem contra rem publicam esse videretis’; 12. 26, ‘vos … vestra tecta … defendite; mihi ut urbi … satis esset praesidii consultum atque provisum est’; iii. 12. 27, ‘mentes hominum audacissimorum sceleratae … ne vobis nocere possent ego providi; ne mihi noceant vestrum est providere’; iv. 1. 1, ‘mihi si haec condicio consulatus data est ut omnes acerbitates … perferrem, feram non solum fortiter verum etiam lubenter’; 2, ‘si hunc exitum consulatus mei di immortales esse voluerunt ut vos … ex caede … eriperem, quaecunque mihi uni proponetur fortuna, subeatur’; 5. 9, ‘habemus a Caesare … sententiam.… intellectum est quid interesset inter levitatem contionatorum et animum vere popularem’; 7. 14, ‘causa est … haec inventa sola in qua omnes sentirent unum atque idem’; 9. 19, ‘atque haec non ut vos … excitarem locutus sum’.