bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Taxa of Loricate Euglenoids Strombomonas and Trachelomonas from Thailand
Authors: Duangjan Kritsana , Wołowski Konrad
Published: July 2013

Five new species and one new variety of loricate euglenoid taxa were discovered in Thailand: Strombomonas starmachii Duangjan & Wołowski, S. chiangmaiensis Duangjan, Trachelomonas peerapornpisalii Duangjan & Wołowski, T. thailandicus Duangjan & Wołowski, T. reticulato-spinifera Duangjan and T. hystrix var. paucispinosa Prowse. We propose to raise the variety to species level [T. paucispinosa (Prowse) Duangjan & Wołowski, stat. et comb. nov.]. The morphology and fine lorica ultrastructure of the species are described. All taxa are documented by SEM images and some by LM micrographs.
The role of indigenous phlebotomine sandflies and mammals in the spreading of leishmaniasis agents in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Antoniou M , Gramiccia M , Molina R , Dvorak V , Volf P
Published: July 2013

An updated view of the establishment and spread of the leishmaniases in Europe is presented, mostly with respect to newly emerging and re-emerging foci and the incrimination of neglected as well as new reservoir hosts. At the same time, a concept of specific versus permissive vectors reassesses the potential role of various sandfly species in Leishmania transmission and considers the risk of introduction of exotic Leishmania species in Europe. The leishmaniases are dynamic diseases and the circumstances of transmission are continually changing in relation to environmental, demographic and human behavioural factors. Changes in the habitat of the natural hosts and vectors, immunosuppressive conditions (like infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or organ transplantation-associated therapies in humans) and the consequences of war, all contribute to the transformation of the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. Such changes should be considered when studying the spread of the disease throughout Europe for targeted control measures to safeguard public health.
Heat-shock protein 70 gene sequencing for Leishmania species typing in European tropical infectious disease clinics
Authors: Van der Auwera G , Maes I , De Doncker S , Ravel C , Cnops L , Van Esbroeck M , Van Gompel A , Clerinx J , Dujardin J C
Published: July 2013

We describe Leishmania species determination on clinical samples on the basis of partial sequencing of the heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70), without the need for parasite isolation. The method is especially suited for use in non-endemic infectious disease clinics dealing with relatively few cases on an annual basis, for which no fast high throughput diagnostic tests are needed. We show that the results obtained from this gene are in nearly perfect agreement with those from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, which is still considered by many clinicians and the World Health Organization (WHO) as the gold standard in Leishmania species typing. Currently, 203 sequences are available that cover the entire hsp70 gene region analysed here, originating from a total of 41 leishmaniasis endemic countries, and representing 15 species and sub-species causing human disease. We also provide a detailed laboratory protocol that includes a step-by-step procedure of the typing methodology, to facilitate implementation in diagnostic laboratories.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Ylides by a Three-Component Reaction between Triphenylphosphine, Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates and 3-(Arylsulfonylhydrazono)Butanoates
Authors: Anary-Abbasinejad Mohammad , Talebizadeh Mahdiyeh , Nikmehr Fereshteh
Published: July 2013

Protonation of the reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and triphenylphosphine by 3-(arylsulfonylhydrazono)butanoates leads to vinylphosphonium salts which undergo Michael addition with the conjugate base of the CH-acid to produce highly functionalised, salt-free phosphorus ylides in a diastereoselective manner and excellent yields.
Et3N-Mediated Synthesis of N-Vinylthiohydantoins from 5,5-Diarylthiohydantoins and Acetylenic Esters
Authors: Ghanbari Mohammad Mehdi , Yavari Issa , Emadi Abedin
Published: July 2013

The reactive 1:1 intermediates produced in the addition reactions between triethylamine and acetylenic esters were trapped by thiohydantoins to produce N-vinylthiohydantoins.
An Efficient Transition-Metal-Chloride/Sodium-Nitrite/TEMPO Catalytic System for Aerobic Oxidative Aromatisation of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Authors: Lou Bin-Hui , Chen Shu-Bin , Wang Jian , Chen Ying , Li Jing-Hua
Published: July 2013

A facile and efficient transition-metal-chloride/sodium-nitrite/TEMPO catalytic system for aerobic oxidative aromati-sation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines in high yields under mild conditions is described.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Methyl 1-{2-[4-Amino-5-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-Ylthio]ethyl}-1H-Indole-3-Carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Peng Yongle , Liu Xingli , Gu Jian , Zhao Zhigang
Published: July 2013

Twelve new Schiff bases containing a disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole and a monosubstituted indole linked by a thioethyl group were efficiently synthesised via a method employing microwave irradiation. Compared with a conventional method of heating at 100 °C, yields were increased from 46–48 to 82–92% and the reaction times were reduced from 20–25 h to 4–7 min. The structures of these novel hexacyclic Schiff bases were characterised by their spectral data and elemental analysis. Evaluation of their antibacterial activity showed that many of them possess excellent activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.
Synthetic Derivatives of Mauveine
Authors: Plater M. John , Harrison William T.A.
Published: July 2013

Oxidation of phenosafranin and an excess of aniline gave a novel hydroxylated derivative of pseudo-mauveine. N-Methyl- p-toluidine and bis(4-methylphenyl)amine are efficient building blocks for making mauveine-related chromophores. Their oxidation with K2Cr2O7 is believed to form nitrogen centred radicals which then couple with an aromatic amine by homolytic aromatic substitution of hydrogen. The N-methyl substituent and the p-methyl sub-stituents are essential for the reaction to proceed. N-Methyl substituted chromophores were not demethylated in the reaction or by oxidation with K2Cr2O7 in dilute H2SO4. N-Nitroso-bis(4-methylphenyl)amine rearranges smoothly to the orange compound, (2-nitro-4-methylphenyl)-4-methylphenylamine, when a solution in CH2Cl2 is treated with montmorillonite at room temperature for 24 h. 2,4-Dimethylaniline has been used to make a mauveine homologue. The colour of silk dyed with mauveine chromophores has been compared to the colour of silk dyed with authentic 1862 mauveine.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3-f]Thieno[3,2-b]Quinoline-10-Carbonitrile: A New Heterocyclic System Exhibiting Strong Fluorescence
Authors: Hoseini-Hesar Toktam , Pordel Mehdi , Roshani Mina , Shams Alireza
Published: July 2013

Synthesis of new substituted pyrazolo[4,3- f]thieno[3,2- b]quinoline-10-carbonitriles has been accomplished by the nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in 5-nitroindazole derivatives. The synthesised compounds revealed fluorescent properties and the characteristics of the compounds were studied using UV absorption and emission spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Novel 4-Aryl Substituted Thiophen Derivatives with a Vinyl-Quinoline Unit
Authors: Xu Zhaozhe , Yu Dian , Yu Mingxin
Published: July 2013

( E)-2-[2-(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)vinyl]quinoline was prepared through an acid catalysed condensation of 2-meth-ylquinoline and 4-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde. Subsequent palladium-catalysed cross-coupling with various arylboronic acids gave a series of novel fluorescent thiophene and quinoline derivatives. The structures of the products were characterised using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The UV-Vis absorption and photo-luminescence spectra of these derivatives were investigated.
Child injury: An emerging health burden in low-income countries
Authors: Mashreky Saidur Rahman
Published: July 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15935South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 1-2
Palliative care services: Issues and public health challenges
Authors: Jahja Riawati
Published: July 2013

Trials have demonstrated improvement in patients quality of life through palliative care services (PCS). However, many of these trials are limited by their research methodologies. PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched to conduct a systematic review of review articles related to PCS from January 2001 to December 2011. The paper examined evidence from studies on PCS that aimed to improve elderly patients end-of-life outcomes by i) systematically reviewing literature on models of palliative care (PC) delivery patients received; ii) exploring methodological issues surrounding recruitment of the patients, implementation of the studies and comparison of health care services; and iii) addressing the costs of care with/without a palliative program. Seventeen trials and three observational studies were selected from nine systematic review articles. Overall, early introduction of PC to patients following identification of their life-limiting conditions and needs re-quires an organized and coordinated care approach to ensure accessibility of these services. The ideal system that offers the potential of improving patients quality of life is one that is integrated, interdisciplinary and holistic. Dying is commonly institutionalized; however, providing outreach programs that allow patients to die at their place of wish, such as domiciliary care, offers the potential of addressing the issue of ever-increasing health-care expenditure for the aged. However, further investigation is needed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of these programs. Methodological problems and ethical issues surrounding the study of terminally-ill patients necessitate that researchers use a combination of observational studies and surveillance system over time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15937 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 5-15
Clinico-epidemiological profile of HIV patients attending ART centre in rural Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Deshpande Jayant D , Giri Purushottam A , Phalke Deepak B
Published: July 2013

HIV infection represents a major public health problem for both developing and developed countries as it has grown to pandemic proportions worldwide. Spectrum of clinical presentation of HIV can vary with geographical distribu-tion, socioeconomic and cultural environment. The aim of this study was to examine the socio-demographic charac-teristics, clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections and the possible risk factors for ac-quiring HIV infection. A cross sectional study was conducted from March to September, 2011 at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre of a rural tertiary care hospital, situated in Maharashtra state of India. History and physical examination was done and recorded on a pre-designed schedule which included the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients. More than half of the subjects were in economically productive age group and male patients 166 (53.4%) outnumbered the female patients 145 (46.6%). There was a predominance of patients from rural loca-tions nearby the present ART centre. The patients were having low level of literacy and were from the lower middle and lower socio-economic classes. Among the spouses of male patients, 65 (44.8%) were HIV positive and among the spouses of female patients, 52 (35.7%) were HIV positive. Commonest mode of acquiring the infection was through heterosexual contact. Tuberculosis (62%) was the most common opportunistic infection. As per the WHO staging, 132 (42.5%) patients were in stage 3. Combination of behavioral risk factors and unawareness is responsi-ble for rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. People with high-risk behavior and spouses of affected patients need to be edu-cated for primary and secondary prevention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15938 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 16-21
Estimating threshold age between early deaths and late deaths for a developing country
Authors: Rabbi Ahbab Mohammad Fazle
Published: July 2013

The increase in life expectancy, from under 40 years in all areas of the world two centuries ago to over 80 years to-day in many developed countries, has fundamentally improved the human condition. Though life expectancy is a well known measure for longevity of a population, period life expectancy is affected by age-specific mortality in-tensely. Early aged mortality creates disparity in life expectancies, which is very common for many under developed and developing countries. Adequate link exists between changes in age-specific mortality and lifespan inequality, and key to this relationship is a youngold threshold age, below and above which mortality decline respectively de-creases and increases lifespan inequality. Besides socio-economic importance, this thresholds location modifies the correlation between changes in life expectancy and lifespan inequality. Zhang-Vaupels theorem of estimating threshold age is applied to estimate the threshold age for a developing country Bangladesh, using the data of Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. The graphical estimate of threshold age was found to be 70 to 72 years for male and 72 to 75 years for female of Matlab HDSS-2010. These findings imply the imminent longevity for the population of Matlab HDSS. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15947 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 48-54
Efficient in silico Chromosomal Representation of Populations via Indexing Ancestral Genomes
Authors: Haiminen Niina , Utro Filippo , Lebreton Claude , Flament Pascal , Karaman Zivan , Parida Laxmi
Published: July 2013

One of the major challenges in handling realistic forward simulations for plant and animal breeding is the sheer number of markers. Due to advancing technologies, the requirement has quickly grown from hundreds of markers to millions. Most simulators are lagging behind in handling these sizes, since they do not scale well. We present a scheme for representing and manipulating such realistic size genomes, without any loss of information. Usually, the simulation is forward and over tens to hundreds of generations with hundreds of thousands of individuals at each generation. We demonstrate through simulations that our representation can be two orders of magnitude faster and handle at least two orders of magnitude more markers than existing software on realistic breeding scenarios.
Implications of Environmental Stress during Seed Development on Reproductive and Seed Bank Persistence Traits in Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.)
Authors: Gallagher Robert , Granger Kristen , Snyder Amanda , Pittmann Dennis , Fuerst E.
Published: July 2013

Weeds produce seed under a wide range of conditions, depending on timing of emergence, prevailing crop, soil microsites, and climatic conditions, among other factors. We hypothesized that the maturation environment during weed seed development will influence reproductive allocation and seed persistence traits, such as seed dormancy and vigor, and needs to be considered when formulating weed management strategies. This research evaluated the effects of shade and drought stress on reproductive allocation, seed dormancy and seed vigor in select lines of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Plants were grown in the greenhouse under drought stress and shade. Harvested seed were subjected to controlled after-ripening and aging regimes. Drought and shade reduced reproductive allocation and resulted in seed with less intense primary dormancy compared to the plants grown under resource-rich conditions, but had no apparent effect on seed vigor. Our data provide additional support to the hypothesis that seed dormancy within a species is a highly plastic trait that can be strongly influenced by the growth conditions of the mother plant. Such plasticity may have important implications for establishing ecologically-based weed control criteria on which threshold-based weed management systems are implemented.
Towards Realising FollowMe User Profiles for Macro-Intelligent Environments
Authors: Whittington Luke , Dooley James , Henson Martin , Al-Ghamdi Abdullah
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a Large-Scale Intelligent Environment (LSIE) and provide an introduction to the use of bigraphs as a formal method for description and modelling. We then propose our MacroIE model as a solution to the LSIE problem and describe how that model may be implemented to achieve a continuity-of-experience to end users as they travel from place-to-place (a technology we call FollowMe). Our initial experiments with these implementations are presented, providing some valuable insights and promise for future refinement towards real-world deployment.
Infrared Screening of Residential Buildings for Energy Audit Purposes: Results of a Field Test
Authors: Dall'O' Giuliano , Sarto Luca , Panza Angela
Published: July 2013

In the European Union (EU), the building sector is responsible for approximately 40% of total energy consumption. The existing building stock is inefficient and can, and indeed must be retrofitted to address this issue. The practical implementation of the European strategies requires knowledge of the energy performance of existing buildings through energy audit techniques. Application of thermography in the fields of energy are very widespread, since, through such a non-invasive investigation, and through correct interpretation of infrared images, it is possible to highlight inefficiencies in buildings and related facilities. The paper shows and discusses the results of an infrared audit campaign on 14 existing buildings located in Milan Province (Italy) made in different construction periods and characterised, therefore, by different building technologies. The U-values obtained in an indirect way through the thermography of the opaque walls of the buildings investigated, were compared with the actual known values in order to verify the reliability of the method and the possible margin of error. The study indicated that the category of buildings in which the application of this method is sufficiently reliable is that of solid-mass structure buildings, the most widespread in Italy, whereas in the case of buildings whose external walls are insulated, the percentage of deviation is very high.
Stability toward High Energy Radiation of Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids: Implications for the Origins of Life
Authors: Cataldo Franco , Iglesias-Groth Susana , Angelini Giancarlo , Hafez Yaser
Published: July 2013

A series of non-proteinogenic amino acids, most of them found quite commonly in the meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites, were subjected to solid state radiolysis in vacuum to a total radiation dose of 3.2 MGy corresponding to 23% of the total dose expected to be taken by organic molecules buried in asteroids and meteorites since the beginning of the solar system 4.6 × 109 years ago. The radiolyzed amino acids were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and by polarimety and Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD). It is shown that an important fraction of each amino acid is able to “survive” the massive dose of radiation, while the enantiomeric excess is partially preserved. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that it is unsurprising to find amino acids even in enantiomeric excess in carbonaceous chondrites.
Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber Characteristics Using Superheated Steam Treatment
Authors: Nordin Noor , Ariffin Hidayah , Andou Yoshito , Hassan Mohd , Shirai Yoshihito , Nishida Haruo , Yunus Wan , Karuppuchamy Subbian , Ibrahim Nor
Published: July 2013

In this study, oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) was treated with superheated steam (SHS) in order to modify its characteristics for biocomposite applications. Treatment was conducted at temperatures 190–230 °C for 1, 2 and 3 h. SHS-treated OPMF was evaluated for its chemical composition, thermal stability, morphology and crystallinity. OPMF treated at 230 °C exhibited lower hemicellulose content (9%) compared to the untreated OPMF (33%). Improved thermal stability of OPMF was found after the SHS treatment. Moreover, SEM and ICP analyses of SHS-treated OPMF showed that silica bodies were removed from OPMF after the SHS treatment. XRD results exhibited that OPMF crystallinity increased after SHS treatment, indicating tougher fiber properties. Hemicellulose removal makes the fiber surface more hydrophobic, whereby silica removal increases the surface roughness of the fiber. Overall, the results obtained herewith suggested that SHS is an effective treatment method for surface modification and subsequently improving the characteristics of the natural fiber. Most importantly, the use of novel, eco-friendly SHS may contribute to the green and sustainable treatment for surface modification of natural fiber.
Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture in Vineyards Using Airborne and Ground-Based Thermal Inertia Data
Authors: Soliman Aiman , Heck Richard , Brenning Alexander , Brown Ralph , Miller Stephen
Published: July 2013

Thermal remote sensing of soil moisture in vineyards is a challenge. The grass-covered soil, in addition to a standing grape canopy, create complex patterns of heating and cooling and increase the surface temperature variability between vine rows. In this study, we evaluate the strength of relationships between soil moisture, mechanical resistance and thermal inertia calculated from the drop of surface temperature during a clear sky night over a vineyard in the Niagara region. We utilized data from two sensors, an airborne thermal camera (height ≈ 500 m a.g.l.) and a handheld thermal gun (height ≈ 1 m a.g.l.), to explore the effects of different field of views and the high inter-row temperature variability. Spatial patterns of soil moisture correlated more with estimated thermal inertia than with surface temperature recorded at sunrise or sunset. Despite the coarse resolution of airborne thermal inertia images, it performed better than estimates from the handheld thermal gun. Between-row variation was further analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. Despite the limited spatial variability of soil properties within a single vineyard, the magnitudes of the model coefficients for soil moisture and mechanical resistance are encouraging indicators of the utility of thermal inertia in vineyard management.
Sur la conception grecque de l'universel
Authors: Maurano Denise
Published: July 2013

À travers ce qui est mis en scène dans les tragédies de la Grèce antique, on peut distinguer une façon de rapprocher la confrontation de l’homme avec ce que lui dépasse, c’est-à-dire la dimension du Réel qu’il ne peut maîtriser, biais par lequel on peut situer ce qui est de l’ordre de l’universel.
Paul, l'universel et la question du symbolique
Authors: Marty Éric
Published: July 2013

Après avoir posé que le christianisme de Paul est moins l’émergence de la catégorie de l’histoire mais plutôt celle d’un discours métahistorique, notre propos est de mettre en évidence que la « rupture chrétienne » n’a pas aboli les questions posées par l’universel juif et cela au cœur même de la pensée occidentale, principalement dans le champ du discours de la modernité, et plus précisément dans l’émergence, au sein de la révolution structuraliste, du concept d’activité symbolique. Pour les modernes (Lévi-Strauss, Lacan, Althusser, Barthes...) le seul universel, c’est le « symbolique ». On peut même définir l’entreprise moderne comme posant l’équation entre l’universel et le symbolique comme une machine de guerre contre l’universel mimétique qui apparaît comme le propre d’un universel mystifié. Parmi tant d’exemples possibles, nous privilégions la lecture par Lacan de la fonction symbolique de la circoncision, contre Paul et contre Freud...
Milarepa ou l'homme universel
Authors: Füzesséry Éva
Published: July 2013

Enfants du xx e  siècle, nos esprits sont profondément marqués par les idéologies totalitaires ou racistes bafouant les droits de l’homme. Le colloque traitant de l’universel et de la diversité contribue à susciter un élan, à partir de ce forum à l’Unesco, contre la soumission aux dieux obscurs pour « ameuter la vie » (Artaud). La dépression, symptôme majeur de la société occidentale, ne vient-elle pas justement du sentiment d’impuissance face à ce réel où l’homme a perdu sa place ? Que peut apporter l’Orient à Occident désenchanté en pleine crise pour reconquérir une place plus humaine dans le monde actuel ? La philosophie hindouiste, plusieurs fois millénaire, énonce, dans ses fondements, l’universel devoir pour chaque homme : advenir. Il devient ainsi cocréateur de l’univers en mouvance et doit parfaire sa propre création. Notre intervention propose des repères à ce cheminement, sous le trait de l’Avidya, l’Ignorance – ce « je n’en veux rien savoir » énoncé par Lacan – ou l’Illusion à traverser, sous le prisme de l’histoire fabuleuse de Milarepa, de la tradition bouddhiste tibétaine de Vajrayana, inspirée de l’hindouisme.
Pour une éthique esthétique
Authors: Ankaoua Fabienne
Published: July 2013

Si la catégorie de l’universel est classiquement associée aux droits de l’homme, et à la raison grecque, au travers notamment la notion d’éthique. Hors le monde contemporain, depuis l’insoutenable d’Auschwitz, n’a pu que se réinterroger sur sa civilisation, son rapport au divin et à l’art. Il est apparu alors, que par le biais de l’esthétique et de la poésie, une autre catégorie de pensée, celui de la promesse, emprunté au corpus juif, modifiait notre conception de la représentation, de l’œuvre et de la temporalité.
El tercer sueño de Echegaray (Psicoanálisis y literatura)
Authors: Fornieles Javier , López Sánchez Luis
Published: July 2013

En sus Recuerdos, Echegaray comenta tres pesadillas recurrentes. El estudio de estos sueños nos permite conocer las preocupaciones del escritor: los problemas y los conflictos originados por su trabajo como dramaturgo, así como la insatisfacción que experimenta por haber renunciado al estudio de las matemáticas, su verdadera vocación.
La tragedia clásica de Bécquer en el «Libro de cuentas»
Authors: Rizos Carlos
Published: July 2013

Se presenta aquí el estudio y la edición crítica «definitiva» de la «Tragedia sin título» de Bécquer a partir de la identificación de su fuente, el libreto de Pietro Metastasio titulado Demofoonte. Se distingue de la «tragedia clásica» que dice haber escrito Bécquer en su adolescencia y se relaciona con la «tragedia griega clásica en italiano» titulada La hija del poeta que figura entre sus «Pensamientos de obras originales». Se hace también un bosquejo de los referentes clásicos en los poemas que Bécquer escribió en el «Libro de cuentas» que heredó de su padre, que es donde escribió su Demofoontes.
The psychological effects of providing personal care to a partner: a multidimensional perspective
Authors: Hansen Thomas , Slagsvold Britt
Published: July 2013

The expected increasing demand for informal care in aging societies underscores the importance of understanding the psychological implications of caregiving. This study explores the effect of providing regular help with personal care to a partner on different aspects of psychological well-being. We use cross-sectional data from the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation study (n. ~15,000; age 40-84) and two-wave panel data from the Norwegian study on Life Course, Ageing and Generation (n. ~3000; age 40-84). To separate the effects of providing care from those of the partner’s disability, caregivers are contrasted with non-caregivers with both disabled and nondisabled partners. We separate outcomes into cognitive well-being (life satisfaction), psychological functioning (self-esteem, mastery), and affective well-being (happiness, depression, loneliness). Findings show that caregiving has important cross-sectional and longitudinal detrimental psychological effects. These effects are fairly consistent across all aspects of well-being, demonstrating that caregiving has a broad-based negative impact. Among women, however, these effects are similar to if not weaker than the effects of a partner’s disability. Caregiving effects are constant by age, education, and employment status, but stronger among caregivers with health problems. Providing personal care to a partner is associated with marked adverse psychological effects for men and women irrespective of age and socio-economic status. Hence, no socio-demographic group is immune from caregiving stress, so programs should be targeted generally. The results also suggest that the health needs of caregivers demand more attention.
Natural rates in the New Synthesis: Same old trouble?
Authors: Trautwein Hans-Michael , Zouache Abdallah
Published: July 2013

This paper evaluates the concepts of natural rates of interest and output in Woodford’s »neo-Wicksellian« and »benchmark New Keynesian« version of the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS) by comparing them with the original approach of Wicksell and critical assessments and adaptations by Lindahl, Myrdal, Keynes and Friedman. It is shown that the theoretical foundations of the NNS prescriptions for monetary policy are ambiguous and incomplete. Using the NNS definition(s) of the natural rate of output, New Keynesian policy rules do not necessarily yield results superior to those of »Old Keynesian« strategies of output stabilization. Moreover, natural rates of interest can hardly be defined independently of the influences of monetary policy. The use of natural-rate concepts in the NNS disregards essential problems that were identified in the older Wicksellian and Keynesian literature.
Emulation, indebtedness and income distribution: A monetary theory of production approach
Authors: Davanzati Guglielmo Forges , Pacella Andrea
Published: July 2013

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of emulation within a basic schema of the monetary theory of production (MTP). A theoretical model is presented, where workers set their target level of consumption based on the comparison with other workers taken as reference. It is shown that emulation can play a crucial role in increasing workers' propensity to indebtedness. As a result, profits increase and so does the price level, thus generating a decline of the real wage. Moreover, the existence of indebtedness can provide a further solution to the so-called »paradox of profits« within the MTP.
The global financial crisis and the shift to shadow banking
Authors: Nersisyan Yeva , Wray L. Randall
Published: July 2013

While most economists agree that the world is facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, there is little agreement as to what caused it. Some have argued that the financial instability we are witnessing is due to irrational exuberance of market participants, fraud, greed, too much regulation, etc. However, some post-Keynesian economists following Minsky have argued that this is a systemic problem, a result of internal market processes that allowed fragility to build over time. In this paper we focus on the shift to the ›shadow banking system‹ and the creation of what Minsky called the Money Manager phase of capitalism. In this system, rapid growth of leverage and financial layering allows the financial sector to claim an ever rising proportion of national income – what is sometimes called ›financialization‹ – as the financial system evolved from hedge to speculative and finally to a Ponzi scheme.

The policy response to the financial crisis in the US and elsewhere has largely been an attempt to rescue money manager capitalism. Moreover, in the case of the US the bailout policy has contributed to further concentration of the financial sector, increasing dangers. We believe that the policies directed at saving the system are doomed to fail – and that alternative policies should be adopted. The effective solution should come in the way of downsizing the financial sector by two-thirds or more, and effecting fundamental modifications.
Quasi-16-day period oscillations observed in middle atmospheric ozone and temperature in Antarctica
Authors: Demissie T. D. , Kleinknecht N. H. , Hibbins R. E. , Espy P. J. , Straub C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Nightly averaged mesospheric temperature derived from the hydroxyl nightglow at Rothera station (67°34' S, 68°08' W) and nightly midnight measurements of ozone mixing ratio obtained from Troll station (72°01' S, 2°32' E) in Antarctica have been used to investigate the presence and vertical profile of the quasi-16-day planetary wave in the stratosphere and mesosphere during the Antarctic winter of 2009. The variations caused by planetary waves on the ozone mixing ratio and temperature are discussed, and spectral and cross-correlation analyses are performed to extract the wave amplitudes and to examine the vertical structure of the wave from 34 to 80 km. The results show that while planetary-wave signatures with periods 3–12 days are strong below the stratopause, the oscillations associated with the 16-day wave are the strongest and present in both the mesosphere and stratosphere. The period of the wave is found to increase below 42 km due to the Doppler shifting by the strong eastward zonal wind. The 16-day oscillation in the temperature is found to be correlated and phase coherent with the corresponding oscillation observed in O3 volume mixing ratio at all levels, and the wave is found to have vertical phase fronts consistent with a normal mode structure.
Natural variability in hard-bottom communities and possible drivers assessed by a time-series study in the SW Baltic Sea: know the noise to detect the change
Authors: Wahl M. , Hinrichsen H.-H. , Lehmann A. , Lenz M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In order to detect shifts in community structure and function associated with global change, the natural background fluctuation in these traits must be known. In a 6 yr study we characterized the composition of young benthic communities at 7 sites along the 300 km coast of the Kiel and Lübeck bights in the German Baltic Sea and we quantified their interannual variability of taxonomic and functional composition. Along the salinity gradient from NW to SE, the relative abundance of primary producers decreased while that of heterotrophs increased. Along the same gradient, annual productivity tended to increase. Taxonomic and functional richness were higher in Kiel Bight as compared to Lübeck Bight. With increasing species richness functional group richness showed saturation indicating an increasing functional redundancy in species rich communities. While taxonomic fluctuations between years were substantial, functionality of the communities seem preserved in most cases. Environmental conditions potentially driving these fluctuations are winter temperatures and current regimes. We tentatively define a confidence range of natural variability in taxonomic and functional composition a departure from which might help identifying an ongoing regime shift driven by global change. In addition, we propose to use RELATE, a statistical procedure in the PRIMER (Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research) package to distinguish directional shifts in time ("signal") from natural temporal fluctuations ("noise").
Seasonality of the hydrological cycle in major South and Southeast Asian River Basins as simulated by PCMDI/CMIP3 experiments
Authors: Hasson S. , Lucarini V. , Pascale S. , Böhner J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In this study, we investigate how PCMDI/CMIP3 general circulation models (GCMs) represent the seasonal properties of the hydrological cycle in four major South and Southeast Asian river basins (Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra and Mekong). First, we examine the skill of GCMs by analysing their simulations for the XX century climate (1961–2000) under present-day forcing, and then we analyse the projected changes for the corresponding XXI and XXII century climates under SRESA1B scenario. CMIP3 GCMs show a varying degree of skill in simulating the basic characteristics of the monsoonal precipitation regimes of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong basins, while the representation of the hydrological cycle over the Indus basin is poor in most cases, with few GCMs not capturing the monsoon signal at all. Although the models' outputs feature a remarkable spread for the monsoonal precipitations, a satisfactory representation of the western mid-latitude precipitation regime is instead observed. Similarly, most of the models exhibit a satisfactory agreement for the basin-integrated runoff in winter and spring, while the spread is large for the runoff during the monsoon season. For future climate scenarios, winter (spring) P − E decreases over all four (Indus and Ganges) basins due to decrease in precipitation associated with the western mid-latitude disturbances. Consequently, the spring (winter) runoff drops (rises) for the Indus and Ganges basins. Such changes indicate a shift from rather glacial and nival to more pluvial runoff regimes, particularly for the Indus basin. Furthermore, the rise in the projected runoff along with the increase in precipitations during summer and autumn indicates an intensification of the summer monsoon regime for all study basins.
A PROCEDURAL SOLUTION TO MODEL ROMAN MASONRY STRUCTURES
Authors: Cappellini V. , Saleri R. , Stefani C. , Nony N. , De Luca L.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The paper will describe a new approach based on the development of a procedural modelling methodology for archaeological data representation. This is a custom-designed solution based on the recognition of the rules belonging to the construction methods used in roman times. We have conceived a tool for 3D reconstruction of masonry structures starting from photogrammetric surveying. Our protocol considers different steps. Firstly we have focused on the classification of opus based on the basic interconnections that can lead to a descriptive system used for their unequivocal identification and design. Secondly, we have chosen an automatic, accurate, flexible and open-source photogrammetric pipeline named Pastis Apero Micmac – PAM, developed by IGN (Paris). We have employed it to generate ortho-images from non-oriented images, using a user-friendly interface implemented by CNRS Marseille (France). Thirdly, the masonry elements are created in parametric and interactive way, and finally they are adapted to the photogrammetric data. The presented application, currently under construction, is developed with an open source programming language called Processing, useful for visual, animated or static, 2D or 3D, interactive creations. Using this computer language, a Java environment has been developed. Therefore, even if the procedural modelling reveals an accuracy level inferior to the one obtained by manual modelling (brick by brick), this method can be useful when taking into account the static evaluation on buildings (requiring quantitative aspects) and metric measures for restoration purposes.
TERRESTRIAL AND AERIAL GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR IN USE FOR THE ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCHES: ANCIENT 16TH CENTURY WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE AT THE MONASTERY OF EL ESCORIAL (MADRID, SPAIN)
Authors: Chias P. , Abad T. , Echeverria E.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Remote sensing techniques in Archaeology are increasingly essential components of the methodologies used in archaeological and architectural researches. They allow uncovering unique forgotten data which are unobtainable using traditional excavation techniques, mainly because their precise location is lost. These data are still important since they can help to prevent flood effects inside the ancient building cellars and basements, as it happened periodically in El Escorial. Wide ancient drainage galleries run more than one hundred feet downhill outside the building, ensuring that rainwater and springs were adequately drained. Nowadays their plans are lost, and the lack of documents related both to the ancient water supply and drainage systems become an impediment to solve the stains of damp on the stone masonry walls and vaults, and even other occasional flooding effects. In this case, nondestructive techniques were needed to find the ancient underground passages in order to preserve the integrity of the building and its current activities. At a first stage oblique aerial infrared images taken from a helium barrage balloon helped to find easily, quickly and cheaply the buried masonry structures. Secondly, radar pulses were particularly interesting to image the subsurface as they were valuable means of assessing the presence and amount of both soil water and buried structures. The combination of both techniques proved to be an accurate and low-cost way to find the ancient drainage systems. Finally, results were produced by means of open source software.
BIM FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Del Giudice M. , Osello A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. When you think about the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry people tend to refers to new buildings, but nowadays the recovery of existing ones is increasingly the subject of the research. The current historical context raises this issue at the center of numerous thought due both to economic and environmental conditions. So, the need to refurbish the cultural heritage is becoming more important than the construction of new buildings. Modern technologies allow professionals to do this to turn the buildings into structures capable to meet the users' confort with a considerable energy saving. Italy is trying to make a change to the construction industry through the national InnovANCE project, which aims to develop the first national database able to share information among professionals through the help of Building Information Modeling (BIM). In this way the subject involved in a construction process can update their way of working, with a consequent time and cost saving. This paper aims to present the way in which the InnovANCE project can be considered as the key for Italy to change the way to conceive the building industry, using a case study such as the old thermal power of Politecnico di Torino, starting from the survey step. The methodology followed to obtain the 3D model will be described, starting from the data of a topographic and a laser scanner survey and from an archival documents research.
A RISK BASED METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS IN TRADITIONALLY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS
Authors: Herrera D. , Bennadji A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In order to achieve the CO2 reduction targets set by the Scottish government, it will be necessary to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings. Within the total Scottish building stock, historic and traditionally constructed buildings are an important proportion, in the order of 19 % (Curtis, 2010), and represent cultural, emotional and identity values that should be protected. However, retrofit interventions could be a complex operation because of the several aspects that are involved in the hygrothermal performance of traditional buildings. Moreover, all these factors interact with each other and therefore need to be analysed as a whole. Upgrading the envelope of traditional buildings may produce severe changes to the moisture migration leading to superficial or interstitial condensation and thus fabric decay and mould growth. Retrofit projects carried out in the past have failed because of the misunderstanding, or the lack of expert prediction, of the potential consequences associated to the envelope's alteration. The evaluation of potential risks, prior to any alteration on building's physics in order to improve its energy efficiency, is critical to avoid future damage on the wall's performance or occupants' health and well being. The aim of this PhD research project is to point out the most critical aspects related to the energy efficiency improvement of traditional buildings and to develop a risk based methodology that helps owners and practitioners during the decision making process.
FROM POINT CLOUD TO BIM: A SURVEY OF EXISTING APPROACHES
Authors: Hichri N. , Stefani C. , De Luca L. , Veron P. , Hamon G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In order to handle more efficiently projects of restoration, documentation and maintenance of historical buildings, it is essential to rely on a 3D enriched model for the building. Today, the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely adopted for the semantization of digital mockups and few research focused on the value of this concept in the field of cultural heritage. In addition historical buildings are already built, so it is necessary to develop a performing approach, based on a first step of building survey, to develop a semantically enriched digital model. For these reasons, this paper focuses on this chain starting with a point cloud and leading to the well-structured final BIM; and proposes an analysis and a survey of existing approaches on the topics of: acquisition, segmentation and BIM creation. It also, presents a critical analysis on the application of this chain in the field of cultural heritage.
A RESEARCH ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY’S APPLICATION IN PRESERVATION PLANNING OF WENMING HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL BLOCK IN KUNMING
Authors: Huo X. , Liu Y. , Zhang G. , Yang H.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The preservation of traditional settlements plays an indispensable part in the field of heritage preservation. The traditional settlements, definitely with cumulative developmental layers, vary in elements and involving numerous stakeholders; therefore, preservation objects and methods are quite complicated. The traditional heritage investigating and recording tools, such as manual mapping, photographing and field reconnaissance, which have exposed many limitations and deficiencies in the actual work, have defects to meet the requirements of settlement heritage preservation projects. This paper describes the process of applying of modern digital heritage recording and investigation technology (mobile GIS and 3D laser scanning technology) in the preservation of Wenming historical and cultural blocks in Kunming and argues that Mobile GIS and 3D laser scanning technology are capable of producing a complete and efficient workflow, as well as providing fundamental technical support for heritage preservation work. Through the research, this paper draws a conclusion that the advantages of the workflow including: (1) accurate and convenient recording, (2) efficient comprehensive spatial analysing, and (3) better integrating protection planning with the later dynamic monitoring and management. Additionally, the author forecasts the prospects of the application of this workflow in the preservation and utilization of settlement heritage.