bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zbtb16 regulates social cognitive behaviors and neocortical development
Authors: Usui Noriyoshi , Berto Stefano , Konishi Ami , Kondo Makoto , Konopka Genevieve , Matsuzaki Hideo , Shimada Shoichi
Published: April 2021

Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16) play the roles in the neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation during development, however, how the function of ZBTB16 is involved in brain function and behaviors unknown. Here we show the deletion of Zbtb16 in mice leads to social impairment, repetitive behaviors, risk-taking behaviors, and cognitive impairment. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the behavioral phenotypes, we conducted histological analyses and observed impairments in thinning of neocortical layer 6 (L6) and a reduction of TBR1+ neurons in Zbtb16 KO mice. Furthermore, we found increased dendritic spines and microglia, as well as developmental defects in oligodendrocytes and neocortical myelination in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Zbtb16 KO mice. Using genomics approaches, we identified the Zbtb16 transcriptome that includes genes involved in neocortical maturation such as neurogenesis and myelination, and both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) pathobiology. Co-expression networks further identified Zbtb16-correlated modules that are unique to ASD or SCZ, respectively. Our study provides insight into the novel roles of ZBTB16 in behaviors and neocortical development related to the disorders.
Involvement of the thalamic reticular nucleus in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle
Authors: You Qiang-long , Luo Zhou-cai , Luo Zheng-yi , Kong Ying , Li Ze-lin , Yang Jian-ming , Li Xiao-wen , Gao Tian-ming
Published: April 2021

Thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a group of inhibitory neurons surrounding the thalamus. Due to its important role in sensory information processing, TRN is considered as the target nucleus for the pathophysiological investigation of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response, a phenomenon that strong stimulus-induced startle reflex is reduced by a weaker prestimulus, is always found impaired in schizophrenia and ASD. But the role of TRN in PPI modulation remains unknown. Here, we report that parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) neurons in TRN are activated by sound stimulation of PPI paradigm. Chemogenetic inhibition of PV+ neurons in TRN impairs PPI performance. Further investigations on the mechanism suggest a model of burst-rebound burst firing in TRN-auditory thalamus (medial geniculate nucleus, MG) circuitry. The burst firing is mediated by T-type calcium channel in TRN, and rebound burst firing needs the participation of GABAB receptor in MG. Overall, these findings support the involvement of TRN in PPI modulation.
Thickness-induced band-gap engineering in lead-free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 for highly efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Bing-Hao , Gao Bin , Zhang Jin-Rong , Chen Lang , Junkang Guo , Shen Sheng , Au Chak-Tong , Li Kenli , Cai Meng-Qiu , Yin Shuang-Feng
Published: April 2021

With the change of thickness, the lattice stress changes the band type from the indirect band gap to the direct band gap improving the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.
Prismatic Ge-rich inclusions in the hexagonal SiGe shell of GaP–Si–SiGe nanowires by controlled faceting
Authors: Bergamaschini Roberto , Plantenga Rianne C. , Albani Marco , Scalise Emilio , Ren Yizhen , Hauge Håkon Ikaros T. , Kölling Sebastian , Montalenti Francesco , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Miglio Leo
Published: April 2021

Segregation of Ge-rich nanoprisms in hexagonal GaP–Si–SiGe core–shell nanowires explained by STEM-EDX analysis and phase-field simulations.
Advances in high resolution GC-MS technology: a focus on the application of GC-Orbitrap-MS in metabolomics and exposomics for FAIR practices
Authors: Misra Biswapriya B.
Published: April 2021

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a complementary analytical platform to LC-MS and NMR for capturing volatiles, non-polar and (derivatized) polar metabolites and exposures from a diverse array of matrixes.
Iron-catalyzed cascade reaction of C(sp3)–Se bond cross-coupling/C–N bond formation
Authors: Zhou Xinyan , Hao Jin , Kong Yilin , Xu Runsheng
Published: April 2021

An iron-catalyzed cascade reaction of C(sp3)–Se bond cross-coupling/C–N bond formation was developed.
Unusual structural changes going from Li+to Cs+in [W(CN)6(bpy)]2−ion salts: the Na+case
Authors: Hodorowicz Maciej , Jurowska Anna , Szklarzewicz Janusz
Published: April 2021

Two sodium salts with the [W(CN)6(bpy)]2−ion were synthesized and compared to Li+, K+, Rb+and Cs+structures. The comparison of molecular packing, inter- and intra-molecular interactions and cation properties is discussed.
Superior catalytic activity of α-Ni(OH)2 for urea electrolysis
Authors: Wu Tzu-Ho , Hou Bo-Wei
Published: April 2021

α-Ni(OH)2 exhibits a higher intrinsic UOR catalytic activity and durable stability in comparison with its nickel hydroxide counterpart β-Ni(OH)2.
One-pot synthesis of a highly mesoporous Ni/MgAl2O4spinel catalyst for efficient steam methane reforming: influence of inert annealing
Authors: Kim Hyunjoung , Eissa Ahmed Al-Shahat , Kim Seung Bo , Lee Hongjin , Kim Woohyun , Seo Dong Joo , Lee Kyubock , Yoon Wang Lai
Published: April 2021

The inert annealing step during the synthesis of the Ni/MgAl2O4catalyst induces positive changes in the catalyst substructure. The obtained catalyst displayed high catalytic activity towards steam methane reforming with low carbon deposition.
In silico-screened cationic dipeptides from scallop with synergistic gelation effect on ι-carrageenan
Authors: Xu Shi-Qi , Han Yi-Tong , Yan Jia-Nan , Jiang Xin-Yu , Du Yi-Nan , Wu Hai-Tao
Published: April 2021

In this paper, some cationic dipeptides from scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) male gonads (SMGs), which can synergistically gel with ι-carrageenan (ι-C), were screened by the in silico approach.
Development of a tumor-targetable heteropolymetallic lanthanide-complex-based magnetoluminescent probe for dual-modal time-gated luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Xinyue , Wen Xinyi , Liu Qi , Ma Hua , Guo Weihua , Tan Mingqian , Jia Lei , Yuan Jingli
Published: April 2021

Multifunctional heteropolymetallic lanthanide-complex-based magnetoluminescent probe for tumor-targeting TGL/MR imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Defect dynamics in two-dimensional black phosphorus under argon ion irradiation
Authors: Gupta Saransh , Periasamy Prakash , Narayanan Badri
Published: April 2021

Classical molecular dynamics simulations show that production, accumulation, and evolution of defects in monolayer phosphorene can be precisely controlled by varying fluence of noble gas ion radiation.
Peak force tapping atomic force microscopy for advancing cell and molecular biology
Authors: Li Mi , Xi Ning , Liu Lianqing
Published: April 2021

Recent advances in peak force tapping (PFT)-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging for applications in cell and molecular biology are summarized. Future perspectives for future progression and biomedical applications are provided.
The broad amine scope of pantothenate synthetase enables the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant amides
Authors: Abidin Mohammad Z. , Saravanan Thangavelu , Strauss Erick , Poelarends Gerrit J.
Published: April 2021

Pantothenate synthetase from Escherichia coli (PSE. coli) has a broad substrate scope, accepting diverse amines in the amidation of (R)-pantoate, enabling the facile synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant vitamin B5 antimetabolites.
Two approaches for the synthesis of levo-praziquantel
Authors: Shou Haowen , He Zhaoting , Peng Gang , Su Weike , Yu Jingbo
Published: April 2021

Two pathways for the preparation of levo-praziquantel are herein reported, which involves mechanochemical (asymmetric) aza-Henry/acylation reaction, hydrogenation reaction, (chiral resolution) and solvent-free acylation-ring closing reaction.
Molecular tailoring of trifluoromethyl-substituted conjugated polymers for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Xueqiao , Yao Chao , Zhao Jiajun , Ali Muhammad Umair , Li Aiyuan , Shen Clifton Kwang-Fu , Yan Chaoyi , He Yaowu , Miao Jingsheng , Meng Hong
Published: April 2021

This work reports a series of novel trifluoromethylated polymers as efficient donor materials for high-performance OSCs.
Catalytic asymmetric addition of thiols to silyl glyoxylates for synthesis of multi-hetero-atom substituted carbon stereocenters
Authors: Guan Mingming , Wang Shiyu , Luo Yao , Cao Weidi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2021

Enantioselective addition of thiols to silyl glyoxylates for construction of a multi-hetero-atom substituted carbon stereocenter was described.
A scalable aluminum niobate anode for high energy, high power practical lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Logan Matthew W. , Zhang Dajie , Tan Bing , Gerasopoulos Konstantinos
Published: April 2021

Niobates are promising alternatives to commercial anodes like graphite and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), featuring high capacity, safe voltage and fast charging.
Two-electron-active tetracyanoethylene for nonaqueous redox flow batteries
Authors: Wang Xiao , Chai Jingchao , Devi Nilakshi , Lashgari Amir , Chaturvedi Ashwin , Jiang Jianbing "Jimmy"
Published: April 2021

Two-electron-active tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) is studied as an anolyte for nonaqueous redox flow batteries. TheTCNE/phenothiazine battery presents a maximum specific capacity density of 23.3 A h L−1and volumetric energy density of 26 W h L−1.
A silicon-based hybrid photocathode modified with an N5-chelated nickel catalyst in a noble-metal-free biomimetic photoelectrochemical cell for solar-driven unbiased overall water splitting
Authors: Gong Lunlun , Zhang Peili , Liu Guoquan , Shan Yu , Wang Mei
Published: April 2021

A noble-metal-free biomimetic PEC cell assembled by coupling of an N5-chelated nickel catalyst-modified silicon photocathode and a Co4O4 cubane-modified BiVO4 photoanode demonstrated efficient unbiased overall water splitting under illumination.
Iron–oxygen covalency in perovskites to dominate syngas yield in chemical looping partial oxidation
Authors: Jiang Bo , Li Lin , Zhang Qian , Ma Jing , Zhang Haotian , Yu Kewei , Bian Zhoufeng , Zhang Xiaoliang , Ma Xuehu , Tang Dawei
Published: April 2021

The greater the Fe–O covalency of perovskites, the higher the syngas yields. Charge transfer energy is a straightforward electronic descriptor for screening the perovskite-type oxygen carriers.
A metastasis suppressor Pt-dendrimer nanozyme for the alleviation of glioblastoma
Authors: An Jong Min , Ju Youngwon , Kim Jeong Hee , Lee Hyein , Jung Yuna , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Yong Jun , Kim Joohoon , Kim Dokyoung
Published: April 2021

The alleviation properties of a Pt-dendrimer nanozyme for GBM metastasis were introduced for the first time. The biological properties of the Pt-dendrimer nanozyme were demonstrated as a suppressor of GBM migration, invasion, and adhesion.
Hollow PtCo alloy nanospheres as a high-Z and oxygen generating nanozyme for radiotherapy enhancement in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Shuying , Sun Wenjie , Luo Yuan , Gao Yanping , Jiang Xueping , Yuan Cheng , Han Linzhi , Cao Kuo , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua
Published: April 2021

Schematic illustration of PtCo NSs for enhanced tumor radiotherapy.
Polysaccharide nanoparticles: from fabrication to applications
Authors: Plucinski Alexander , Lyu Zan , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J.
Published: April 2021

The present review highlights the developments in polysaccharide nanoparticles with a particular focus on applications in biomedicine, cosmetics and food.
Prediction of pressure-induced superconductivity in the novel ternary system ScCaH2n(n= 1–6)
Authors: Shi Lan-Ting , Wei Yong-Kai , Liang A-Kun , Turnbull Robin , Cheng Cai , Chen Xiang-Rong , Ji Guang-Fu
Published: April 2021

There are two high-temperature superconductor structures in the ScCaH2n(n= 1–6) system. Among them, ScCaH8contains H18-cages and theTcreaches 212 K (200 GPa), while ScCaH12has H24-cages and theTcreaches 182 K (200 GPa).
Shear-aligned tunicate-cellulose-nanocrystal-reinforced hydrogels with mechano-thermo-chromic properties
Authors: Wang Junmei , Cheng Qiaoyun , Feng Shengyao , Zhang Lina , Chang Chunyu
Published: April 2021

Oriented tunicate-cellulose-nanocrystal-reinforced hydrogels with mechano-thermo-chromic properties can be used as sensors to detect forces and the environmental temperature.
Simulations of the Biermann battery mechanism in two-fluid partially ionised plasmas
Authors: Martínez-Gómez D. , Popescu Braileanu B. , Khomenko E. , Hunana P.
Published: April 2021

Context. In the absence of an initial seed, the Biermann battery term of a non-ideal induction equation acts as a source that generates weak magnetic fields. These fields are then amplified via a dynamo mechanism. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is a fluid phenomenon that takes place in many astrophysical scenarios and can trigger the action of the Biermann battery and dynamo processes.

Aims. We aim to investigate the effect of the ionisation degree of the plasma and the interaction between the charged and neutral species on the generation and amplification of magnetic fields during the different stages of the instability.

Methods. We use the two-fluid model implemented in the numerical code Mancha-2F. We perform 2D simulations starting from a configuration with no initial magnetic field and which is unstable due to a velocity shear. We vary the ionisation degree of the plasma and we analyse the role that the different collisional terms included in the equations of the model play on the evolution of the instability and the generation of magnetic field.

Results. We find that when no collisional coupling is considered between the two fluids, the effect of the Biermann battery mechanism does not depend on the ionisation degree. However, when elastic collisions are taken into account, the generation of magnetic field is increased as the ionisation degree is reduced. This behaviour is slightly enhanced if the process of charge-exchange is also considered. We also find a dependence on the total density of the plasma related to the dependence on the coupling degree between the two fluids. As the total density is increased, the results from the two-fluid model converge to the predictions of single-fluid models.

Conclusions. The charged-neutral interaction in a partially ionised plasmas has a non-negligible effect on the Biermann battery mechanism and it effectively enhances the generation of a magnetic field. In addition, single-fluid models, which assume a very strong coupling between the two species, may overestimate the contribution of this interaction in comparison with two-fluid models.
Finerenon
Authors: Hausberg Martin
Published: April 2021

Die diabetische Nephropathie, eine Manifestation der diabetischen Mikroangiopathie, ist weiterhin die häufigste Ursache der terminalen dialysepflichtigen Niereninsuffizienz in den Industrienationen. Dies zeigen u. a. aktuelle Daten des Registers der „European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association“ (ERA-EDTA) 1. Die Pathophysiologie der diabetischen Nephropathie ist komplex. Wesentliche Progressionsfaktoren sind Hyperfiltration und Inflammation neben mangelhafter Kontrolle des Glukosestoffwechsels (Abb. 2).
Schmerz und Angst bei der Hämodialyseshuntpunktion
Authors: Koppelmann Frank
Published: April 2021

Der Shunt eines Dialysepatienten wird pro Jahr bis zu 300-mal punktiert. Angst vor der Punktion und Schmerzen bei der Punktion sind ein wenig behandeltes, aber dennoch vorhandenes Problem, welches genauer analysiert werden sollte. Lösungsvorschläge und Ideen diesbezüglich sind rar gesät und wenn vorhanden dann meist sehr spezifisch, nicht verallgemeinerbar und oft aus der Situation heraus geboren. Das Augenmerk dieses Beitrags liegt auf einer Definition von dem, was Angst und Schmerzen sind, sowie dem Erkennen von Schmerzen und Ängsten und bietet eine Auswahl möglicher Maßnahmen für die Patienten, um diese zu erkennen und zu lindern. Die Ergebnisse der Patientenbefragung zeigen, dass eine Mehrheit der Patienten keine Angst vor der Punktion hat, es aber definitiv eine Minderheit der Befragten gibt, die Angst als ein Problem wahrnehmen. Schmerzen bei der Punktion erleben über die Hälfte der Patienten, wenn auch nicht bei jeder Punktion.
Rufbereitschaftsdienst Peritonealdialyse in einem ambulanten Dialysezentrum
Authors: Schick Sandra
Published: April 2021

Die Peritonealdialyse ist ein wichtiger Teil der Heimdialyseverfahren und bietet viele Vorteile für den Patienten. Trotzdem gibt es viele Dialysezentren in Deutschland, die keine oder nur wenige Peritonealdialysepatienten betreuen. Infolgedessen ist es für den Großteil des nephrologischen Personals nicht möglich, Routine in diesem Bereich zu erwerben. Durch Anbindung des PHV-Dialysezentrums Biberach an die Sana-Klinik kommt es regelmäßig zu Einsätzen im Rufbereitschaftsdienst auf der Intensivstation bei Hämodialysepatienten. Bei Zwischenfällen im Bereich der Peritonealdialyse, die dementsprechend selten vorkommen, kann man bei vielen Mitarbeitern des Rufbereitschaftsdienstes Unsicherheiten und Ängste beobachten. Die vorliegende Arbeit überprüft anhand eines Fragebogens die Unsicherheiten, Ursachen von Angst und die Gründe zurückliegender PD-Rufbereitschaftseinsätze. Zudem wird der persönliche Schulungsbedarf ermittelt. Ableitend aus den Ergebnissen wurden Arbeitsanleitungen erstellt und Mitarbeiterschulungen durchgeführt. Um die Ergebnisse der Arbeit sichtbar zu machen, wurde zum Abschluss des Projekts ein zweiter Fragebogen an die Mitarbeiter ausgeteilt. Die Auswertung dieser Befragung ergab, dass die Arbeitsanleitungen bei einem Peritonealdialyseeinsatz im Rufbereitschaftsdienst zwar Sicherheit vermitteln, regelmäßige Schulungen und praktische Übungen aber unerlässlich und gewünscht sind. Sicherheit und Wissen im Bereich der Peritonealdialyse zu vermitteln, ist ein kontinuierlicher Prozess und fordert ein gut ausgearbeitetes Schulungskonzept.
Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage: a Comparison of International Guidelines
Authors: Vomstein Kilian , Aulitzky Anna , Strobel Laura , Bohlmann Michael , Feil Katharina , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Zschocke Johannes , Toth Bettina
Published: April 2021

While roughly 30% of all women experience a spontaneous miscarriage in their lifetime, the incidence of recurrent (habitual) spontaneous miscarriage is 1 – 3% depending on the employed definition. The established risk factors include endocrine, anatomical, infection-related, genetic, haemostasis-related and immunological factors. Diagnosis is made more difficult by the sometimes diverging recommendations of the respective international specialist societies. The present study is therefore intended to provide a comparison of existing international guidelines and recommendations. The guidelines of the ESHRE, ASRM, the DGGG/OEGGG/SGGG and the recommendations of the RCOG were analysed. It was shown that investigation is indicated after 2 clinical pregnancies and the diagnosis should be made using a standardised timetable that includes the most frequent causes of spontaneous miscarriage. The guidelines concur that anatomical malformations, antiphospholipid syndrome and thyroid dysfunction should be excluded. Moreover, the guidelines recommend carrying out pre-conception chromosomal analysis of both partners (or of the aborted material). Other risk factors have not been included in the recommendations by all specialist societies, on the one hand because of a lack of diagnostic criteria (luteal phase insufficiency) and on the other hand because of the different age of the guidelines (chronic endometritis). In addition, various economic and consensus aspects in producing the guidelines influence the individual recommendations. An understanding of the underlying decision-making process should lead in practice to the best individual diagnosis and resulting treatment being offered to each couple.
Zwischenbericht eines fnb-Projektes
Authors: Eikelmann Matthias , von Gliszcynski Anika
Published: April 2021

Dialysepatienten werden immer älter. Im Jahr 2016 lag der Altersdurchschnitt zum Dialysebeginn in Deutschland bei 71 Jahren für Männer bzw. bei 72 Jahren für Frauen 1. Grunderkrankungen, Risikofaktoren und Nebenwirkungen einer länger bestehenden präterminalen Phase stellen für den Altersdurchschnitt den Fokus dar. Somit ist nicht selten zu beobachten, dass Vorerkrankungen wie z. B. der Diabetes mellitus, die Herzinsuffizienz oder altersabhängige Einschränkungen, z. B. demenzielle Veränderungen, Hypakusis und eine eingeschränkte Mobilität, die Multimorbidität der dialysepflichtigen Patienten kennzeichnen 2. Der daraus resultierende individuelle Pflegeaufwand stellt dabei große Herausforderungen an die Mitarbeiter aus Pflege und Medizin.
Wenn eine Schwangerschaft lebensbedrohlich wird – Eklampsie im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Volberg Christian
Published: April 2021

Eine 24-jährige schwangere Patientin hat aufgrund ihres alternativen Lebensstils die Mitgliedschaft in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung aufgegeben und während der Schwangerschaft keine
gynäkologische oder geburtshilfliche Vorsorgeuntersuchung durchführen lassen. Im 3. Trimenon kommt es zu einer Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustandes mit Entwicklung von peripheren Ödemen
und zunehmender Lichtempfindlichkeit. Die Fallvorstellung beschreibt den gefährlichen und komplikationsreichen Verlauf einer fehlenden Schwangerschaftsüberwachung mit schwerwiegenden Folgen
für Mutter und Kind.
1500 Euro Preisgeld
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: April 2021

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2021 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Kosten der Nachsorge von Patienten mit hämatologischen Neoplasien
Authors: Hörster Laura , Neusser Silke , Trautner Annika , Pahmeier Kathrin , Lax Hildegard , Merkel-Jens Anja , Lehmann Nils , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Baum Julia , Dührsen Ulrich , Wasem Jürgen , Neumann Anja
Published: April 2021

Zielsetzung Im Gegensatz zu hämatologischen Neoplasien im Kindesalter gibt es für Erwachsene mit diesen Erkrankungen wenige bis keine einheitlichen Nachsorgemuster und dementsprechend auch keine rational begründeten Nachsorgepläne. Des Weiteren wurden bislang keine Studien zu den mit der Nachsorge einhergehenden Kosten veröffentlicht. Die vorliegende Studie dient zur Erfassung des Ressourcenverbrauchs und der damit einhergehenden Kosten von erwachsenen Patienten.

Methodik Die Daten des Ressourcenverbrauchs wurden 2014 retrospektiv für die letzten 12 Monate mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens erfasst. Die Krankheitskosten (direkte medizinische sowie indirekte Kosten) wurden aus der gesellschaftlichen Perspektive ermittelt. Das Jahr 2014 dient als Basisjahr für die Berechnung der Preise. Zur Ermittlung der indirekten Kosten (Erwerbsminderung, Arbeitsunfähigkeit) wurde der Friktionskostenansatz mit einer Friktionsperiode von 90 Tagen herangezogen. Weiterhin erfolgte ein Vergleich mit Hilfe des Humankapitalansatzes.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 1531 Patienten an der gesundheitsökonomischen Erhebung teil. 89,4 % der Teilnehmer wiesen im Erfassungszeitraum mindestens einen ambulanten Arztkontakt auf. 235 Teilnehmern (15,3 %) wurde mindestens ein der Nachsorge zuzuordnendes Medikament verabreicht. 9,7 % der Studienteilnehmer gaben keinerlei Inanspruchnahme aufgrund von Nachsorge der Krebserkrankung an. Insgesamt ergaben sich direkte medizinische Kosten von durchschnittlich ca. 3627 € pro Patient. Die indirekten Krankheitskosten beliefen sich unter Verwendung des Friktionskostenansatzes auf ca. 165 € pro Patient.

Schlussfolgerung Arzneimittelkosten verursachen mit etwa 60 % den Großteil der direkten Nachsorgekosten bei Patienten mit hämatologischen Neoplasien. Nach der zugrundeliegenden Erkrankung aufgeschlüsselt weisen myeloproliferative Erkrankungen mit einem Anteil von fast 60 % die höchsten Gesamtkosten auf. Unter Verwendung des Friktionskostenansatzes lassen sich die Nachsorgekosten in 95,7 % direkte Kosten und 4,3 % indirekte Kosten unterteilen. 9,7 % der Studienteilnehmer geben keinerlei Inanspruchnahme aufgrund von Nachsorge der Krebserkrankung an und scheinen somit komplett durch das Nachsorgesystem zu fallen.
Tailor-Made Psychosocial Intervention for the Caregivers in Emergency and Trauma Care Center
Authors: Kanmani T.R. , Raju Birudu , Konar Subhas , Shukla Dhaval , Kukkehalli Raghavendra
Published: April 2021

Introduction The caregiver’s psychosocial problems are unnoticed in the emergency and trauma care center. Therefore, the study objective was to understand the impact of psychoeducation and psychosocial intervention on traumatic brain injury (TBI) caregivers during hospitalization.

Methodology The study adopted a descriptive research design. Sixty-three (n = 63) consented caregivers were recruited by using a cross-sectional survey method. Two separate checklists were used to collect the psychosocial problems in emergency and trauma care as well as to know the satisfaction levels of caregivers after the intervention. R free 3.0.1 software was used to calculate the frequency and percentage.

Results The caregiver’s mean age was 39 years (39.46 ± 16.22). The majority of the caregivers were males (45; 71.4%) working as daily wagers (42; 66.7%). Caregivers experienced psychosocial problems, that is, depression, anxiety, stress, unable to handle crisis, grief, lack of coping skills (57; 90.5%), emotional distress (57; 90.5%), financial constraints (45; 71.1%), and need for referral services (45; 71.1%). Tailor-made psychosocial interventions were provided to the caregivers.

Conclusion To conclude, there is a greater need to provide psychosocial intervention and train the caregivers to provide care for TBI survivors during hospitalization. There is a need to develop the uniform standard operating procedure for medical and psychiatric social workers in providing psychosocial care in emergency and trauma care setting.
Depressive Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Senthilkumar Arokiasamy , Subitha Lakshminarayanan , Saravanan Essakky , Giriyappa Dinesh Kumar , Satheesh Santhosh , Menon Vikas
Published: April 2021

Background Globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) was the leading cause of health losses. The emergence of revascularization has brought a major change in the management of CAD. Depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the two highly prevalent noncommunicable diseases (NCD), which lead to poor quality of life and high socio-economic loss for the patient. The rate of depressive episodes was higher in CAD population in comparison to population with other heart problems.

Objectives The primary objective of the current study is to determine the proportion of those with depressive symptoms through Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among CAD patients in a tertiary care public hospital.

Methods It was a cross-sectional analytical design, which assess the percentage of patients with depressive symptoms among CAD patients, using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire. The PHQ-9 and EuroQoL five-dimensional three-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, a quality-of-life instrument (five items), were used, which was validated in the Tamil version.

Statistical Analysis Categorical variables was expressed as proportion. We used Chi-square as a statistical test to calculate the p value and risk estimation with 95% CI.

Results Out of 541 patients, 159 (30%) patients had mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms, of which 144 (89%) participants were greater than 50 years. In EQ-5D-3L, around one-third of the participants reported pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression.

Conclusion The study concludes that the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is becoming increasingly important in the management of CAD patients. Studies have shown that depression predicts subsequent quality of life, while others have shown that HRQoL is a risk factor for ongoing depression. Treatment of depression may improve subsequent physical HRQoL; hence, it is vital to address both during their follow-up to improve outcomes among patients with CAD.
Kriya Yoga in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Srivastava Ananya , Kuppili Pooja P. , Gupta Tanu , Nebhinani Naresh , Chandani Ambika
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives Despite the easy acceptability and holistic nature of Kriya yoga, there are no studies evaluating the role of Kriya yoga intervention on depression. The objective of the current study was to assess the feasibility and effect of adjunctive Kriya yoga on depression.

Methods Patients with major depressive disorder who opted for Kriya yoga were recruited into the intervention group (adjunctive Kriya yoga) and those on psychotropic medication alone were enrolled into the control group. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) measurements were recorded at baseline, end of 2, 4, and 8 weeks.

Results HDRS scores of the intervention group (n = 29) were found to be significantly lesser than that of the control group (n = 52) by the end of 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The remission rate was also significantly greater in the intervention group.

Conclusion Kriya yoga intervention was found to be feasible, as well as improved the severity of depression.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Peripartum Encephalopathy: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Manjubashini Duraipandi , Nagarajan Krishnan , Amuthabarathi Mohan , Papa Dasari , Wadwekar Vaibhav , Narayan Sunil K.
Published: April 2021

Acute neurological problems are significant disorders of pre- and postpartum period in women. We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) profile of patients presenting with peripartum encephalopathy over 2 years. Of 51 patients, MRI was abnormal in 40 patients and normal in 11 patients. Posterior reversible encephalopathy (13/40), cerebral venous thrombosis (6/40), and postpartum angiopathy (3/40) are the three most common causes of peripartum encephalopathy as identified in MRI. The other less common but important etiology include HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet) syndrome (2), osmotic demyelination (2), antiphospholipid syndrome (2), tubercular meningitis/cerebritis (3), pituitary hyperplasia with hemorrhage (2), postictal edema (2), cerebellitis (1), transient splenial lesion (1), and changes of old trauma and stroke (one each).
Effects of Health Promotion Model-Based Visual Learning Module on Self-Efficacy and Health Promotion Behavior of Stroke Survivors: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mudgal Shiv Kumar , Sharma Suresh K. , Chaturvedi Jitender , Chundawat Digpal Singh
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives Globally, stroke is one of the major causes of disability and mortality among adults and old age people. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of the health promotion model-based visual learning module (HPM-VLM) on self-efficacy and behavioral modifications among stroke survivors.

Methods This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted on 70 stroke survivors (intervention group,n= 35, and control group,n= 35). The intervention group was subjected to two sessions of the HPM-VLM and the control group received routine instructions. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interview, and observation using a self-structured self-efficacy questionnaire and health promotion behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential (Chi-square, independentt-test, mixed model, and ANCOVA) values by IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS; version 23) software.

Results Eventually, follow-up could have been completed for 66 participants (intervention group,n= 34, and control group,n= 32). HPM-VLM is found to be effective in the promotion of self-efficacy (19.2 ± 1.6 vs. 16.12 ± 2.5;p= 001) and health promotion behavior of stroke survivors in most of the domains (p< 0.01).

Conclusion HPM-VLM is an effective interventional tool for the promotion of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior of stroke survivors.
A case study on impacts of community participation in tourism planning and destination management in Kerala, India.
Authors: George Anu Treesa , Jiang Min , DeLacy Terry
Published: April 2021

This case study in Kerala, India explores the positive impacts of community participation on economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors through responsible tourism initiatives in Kumarakom destination. This research evaluates the effectiveness, fundamental elements and conceptual foundation of participatory design in the case study destination. The results of the case study indicate that participatory design can accelerate local community development, innovative initiatives, leadership, employment opportunities, demand for local products and sustainable development in the destination.
Planning agritourism development in Sri Lanka: farmers' incentives and barriers.
Authors: Niranjan Frank , Croy Glen
Published: April 2021

This chapter aims to understand farmers' perceptions of agritourism in emerging economies of South Asia, using Sri Lanka as a focus case. In achieving the aim, the chapter contributes to understanding agritourism within emerging economies in three ways. First, it proposes to identify farmers' propensity for agritourism as an option. Second, it identifies the most prominent factors motivating farmers to engage in agritourism. Finally, it highlights priority agritourism themes for planning and development officials in an emerging economy context.
History of tourism planning and development in Nepal: achievements and challenges to sustainable future of tourism.
Authors: Dangi Tek B. , Kc Birendra , Gautam Laxman
Published: April 2021

While presenting the history of tourism development in Nepal with reference to some global initiatives, this chapter discusses the major achievements and challenges in (sustainable) tourism development and offers some recommendations, along with practical implications for policy-making bodies and practitioners.
Cuscuta campestris (field dodder).
Authors: Parker Chris
Published: April 2021

The parasitic weed C. campestris is native to North America but has been introduced around the world and become a weed in many countries. It is by far the most important of the dodders, perhaps because of its wide host range. This ensures that there is a wide range of crop seeds that may be contaminated, and in which it may be introduced to new areas over both short and long distances. Once introduced it is almost certain that there will be suitable host plants on which it can thrive and be damaging, whether they are crops or wild species. Vegetative spread can be very rapid - up to 5 m in 2 months. It also has a wide tolerance of climatic conditions from warm temperate to sub-tropical and tropical.
Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle).
Authors: Kaufman Sylvan
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Lonicera maackii covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Compressive sensing for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Chaney Eric J , Aksamitiene Edita , Marjanovic Marina , Boppart Stephen A
Published: April 2021

In this report, we report on the implementation of compressive sensing (CS) and sparse sampling in polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to reduce the number of B-scans (frames consisting of an array of A-scans, where each represents a single depth profile of reflections) required for effective volumetric (3D dataset composed of an array of B-scans) PS-OCT measurements (i.e. OCT intensity, and phase retardation) reconstruction. Sparse sampling of PS-OCT is achieved through randomization of step sizes along the slow-axis of PS-OCT imaging, covering the same spatial ranges as those with equal slow-axis step sizes, but with a reduced number of B-scans. Tested on missing B-scan rates of 25%, 50% and 75%, we found CS could reconstruct reasonably good (as evidenced by a correlation coefficient >0.6) PS-OCT measurements with a maximum reduced B-scan rate of 50%, thereby accelerating and doubling the rate of volumetric PS-OCT measurements.
Broadband, optically transparent and highly flexible multispectral beam splitter based on Ag nanowires/graphene composite film for hybrid optical systems
Authors: Lai Weien , Fang Hongyun , Liu Gen , Zhu Qing , Zhu Jiaqi , Shi Guanghua , Wu Huizhen
Published: April 2021

The research on novel terahertz (THz) devices with high performance is in rapid ascent in order to promote applications of THz technology. In this paper, we propose a broadband, optically transparent and highly flexible multispectral beam splitter based on Ag nanowires/graphene (ANWG) composite film on polyethylene terephthalate film substrates. The properties of the ANWG-based beam splitters are investigated, which exhibit a broadband THz reflectance of about 90%, a high optical transmittance of over 86% in the visible range, and excellent mechanical flexibility. The THz experimental result of the ANWG-based beam splitter is close to those of numerical simulations using a theoretical model. In comparison with conventional THz beam splitters, the ANWG-based beam splitter possesses excellent light-splitting performances for both transmitting visible light and reflecting THz radiation, and the device can significantly improve the overall performance of THz optical systems. Moreover, the device can be effectively applied in the visible/infrared imaging systems to implement multispectral imaging. Our concept provides a promising route for realizing compact hybrid optical systems, and it has great potential for commercial applications.
Electronic and crystal structures of LnFeAsO1−x
H
x
(Ln = La, Sm) studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray emission spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction: II pressure dependence
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiya , Yamaoka Hitoshi , Kawai Takuma , Yoshida Masahiro , Yamaura Jun-ichi , Ishii Kenji , Onari Seiichiro , Uozumi Takayuki , Hariki Atsushi , Taguchi Munetaka , Kobayashi Kensuke , Lin Jung-Fu , Hiraoka Nozomu , Ishii Hirofumi , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Okanishi Hiroshi , Iimura Soshi , Matsuishi Satoru , Hosono Hideo , Mizuki Jun’ichiro
Published: April 2021

We examine electronic and crystal structures of iron-based superconductors LnFeAsO1−x
H
x
(Ln = La, Sm) under pressure by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and x-ray diffraction. In LaFeAsO the pre-edge peak on high-resolution XAS at the Fe-K absorption edge gains in intensity on the application of pressure up to 5.7 GPa and it saturates in the higher pressure region. We found integrated-absolute difference values on XES for Ln = La, corresponding to a spin state, decline on the application of pressure, and then it is minimized when the T
c approaches the maximum at around 5 GPa. In contrast, such the optimum value was not detected for Ln = Sm. We reveal that the superconductivity is closely related to the lower spin state for Ln = La unlike Sm case. We observed that As height from the Fe basal plane and As–Fe–As angle on the FeAs4 tetrahedron for Ln = La deviate from the optimum values of the regular tetrahedron in superconducting (SC) phase, which has been widely accepted structural guide to SC thus far. In contrast, the structural parameters were held near the optimum values up to ∼15 GPa for Ln = Sm.
A liquid scintillation analysis method for low-level radioactive wastewater
Authors: Cao Xiaoyan , Lv Ning , Lv Jingxu , Guo Huiping
Published: April 2021

There is currently general concern over low-level radioactive wastewater from the development of nuclear industry. In this paper, a method based on an ultralow-level liquid scintillation spectrometer for measuring uranium radioactivity in low-level radioactive wastewater is proposed. This method can easily and quickly measure the radioactivity level of uranium in samples and can even distinguish the main isotopes of uranium. The liquid scintillation method directly provides results in units of radioactivity activity concentration, which are more convenient for comparison with relevant national standards to determine whether the emission standards are met. The lowest limit of detection of this method is 0.014 Bq l−1 within 600 min.
Pressure evaluation from Lagrangian particle tracking data using a grid-free least-squares method
Authors: Bobrov Maxim , Hrebtov Mikhail , Ivashchenko Vladislav , Mullyadzhanov Rustam , Seredkin Alexander , Tokarev Mikhail , Zaripov Dinar , Dulin Vladimir , Markovich Dmitriy
Published: April 2021

The Lagrangian particle tracking shake-the-box (STB) method provides accurate evaluation of the velocity and acceleration of particles from time-resolved projection images for high seeding densities, giving an opportunity to recover the stress tensor. In particular, their gradients are required to estimate local pressure fluctuations from the Navier–Stokes equations. The present paper describes a grid-free least-squares method for gradient and pressure evaluation based on irregularly scattered Lagrangian particle tracking data with minimization of the random noise. The performance of the method is assessed on the basis of synthetic images of virtual particles in a wall-bound turbulent flow. The tracks are obtained from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an initially laminar boundary layer flow around a hemisphere mounted on a flat wall. The Reynolds number based on the sphere diameter and free stream velocity is 7000, corresponding to a fully turbulent wake. The accuracy, based on the exact tracks and STB algorithm, is evaluated by a straightforward comparison with the DNS data for different values of particle concentration up to 0.2 particles per pixel. Whereas the fraction of particles resolved by the STB algorithm decreases with the seeding density, limiting its spatial resolution, the exact particle positions demonstrate the efficiency of the least-squares method. The method is also useful for extraction of large-scale vortex structures from the velocity data on non-regular girds.
Ag@ZnO/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite as an active and stable catalyst for the 4-nitrophenol reduction in water
Authors: García-Valdivieso Guadalupe , Arenas-Sánchez Eduardo , Horta-Fraijo Patricia , Simakov Andrey , Navarro-Contreras Hugo R , Acosta Brenda
Published: April 2021

The nitroaromatic compounds, known as organic pollutants, have arising attention due to their carcinogenic character, highly dangerous to human health. In this work, the Ag@ZnO/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite synthesized via conjugation of sonochemical and solvothermal treatments manifests high performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the aqueous media (TOF value of 246 min−1
μmol metal−1). The incorporation of MWCNT onto the nanocomposite structure favored the reusing of the catalysts even after eight consecutive catalytic runs without catalysts cleaning nor product removal. Obtained samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV–vis, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies. It was found that ultrasonic treatment at relatively moderate conditions leads to functionalization of MWCNT, the appearance of C=C and OH groups and change of electronic properties of Ag@ZnO/MWCNT composite which provide its stable material dispersion in aqueous solution and high catalytic performance in the 4-nitrophenol reduction. This technique may be effectively applied for the functionalization of carbon including materials for their usage in an aqueous media.
UHECR mass composition at highest energies from anisotropy of their arrival directions
Authors: Kuznetsov M.Yu. , Tinyakov P.G.
Published: April 2021

We propose a new method for the estimation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) mass composition from a distribution of their arrival directions. The method employs a test statistic (TS) based on a characteristic deflection of UHECR events with respect to the distribution of luminous matter in the local Universe. Making realistic simulations of the mock UHECR sets, we show that this TS is robust to the presence of galactic and non-extreme extra-galactic magnetic fields and sensitive to the mass composition of events in a set. This allows one to constrain the UHECR mass composition by comparing the TS distribution of a composition model in question with the data TS, and to discriminate between different composition models. While the statistical power of the method depends somewhat on the MF parameters, this dependence decreases with the growth of statistics. The method shows good performance even at GZK energies where the estimation of UHCER mass composition with traditional methods is complicated by a low statistics.
Double shadows of reflection-asymmetric wormholes supported by positive energy thin-shells
Authors: Guerrero Merce , Olmo Gonzalo J. , Rubiera-Garcia Diego
Published: April 2021

We consider reflection-asymmetric thin-shell wormholes within Palatini f(R) gravity using a matching procedure of two patches of electrovacuum space-times at a hypersurface (the shell) via suitable junction conditions. The conditions for having (linearly) stable wormholes supported by positive-energy matter sources are determined. We also identify some subsets of parameters able to locate the shell radius above the event horizon (when present) but below the photon sphere (on both sides). We illustrate with an specific example that such two photon spheres allow an observer on one of the sides of the wormhole to see another (circular) shadow in addition to the one generated by its own photon sphere, which is due to the photons passing above the maximum of the effective potential on its side and bouncing back across the throat due to a higher effective potential on the other side. We finally comment on the capability of these double shadows to seek for traces of new gravitational physics beyond that described by General Relativity.
Coherent near-infrared light generation based on self-seeded parametric four-wave mixing in Rb vapor
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Yuan Jinpeng , Wang Lirong , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate 1.37 µm coherent near-infrared light generation via self-seeded parametric four-wave mixing (FWM) process in Rb atomic vapor. Two lasers (780 nm and 776 nm) in the co-propagating configuration, drive the Rb atoms from the 5S1/2 ground state to the 5D5/2 excited state. The parametric FWM around the 5P3/2–5D5/2–6P3/2–6S1/2–5P3/2 transition loop is effectively established under phase matching conditions. The generated coherent light wavelength is confirmed using an optical spectrum analyzer, and the output power is investigated with the input laser frequency, power and atomic density. Consequently, a 1.37 µm coherent light with the power of 27 µW and the beam quality of

M
x
2

= 1.22 and

M
y
2

= 1.25 is obtained. An additional 795 nm laser is introduced to enhance the output power by 1.5 times through velocity-selective optical hyperfine repumping.