bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of Treated Rubberised Fiber Concretes at Higher Temperatures
Authors: Kadir Mariyana Aida Ab , Abdul Awal A.S.M , Nmz Siti Nurul , Sar Nur Aqilah , Siti Julaila MK , Ariffin Nur Farhayu , Eeydzah A
Published: November 2019

The fundamental aim of this study is to determine the effect of high temperature on the behavior of concrete consists NaOH treated rubber and steel fibers (TRSF-Con). During the experiment, four different concrete mixes were prepared; the first one is the control mix (CM) which was made with natural coarse and fine aggregates, cement, and water, while the other three concrete mixes were with the replacement rates of 10%, 20% and 25% of the natural coarse and fine aggregates by TRSF from used tires. The specimens were exposed for a period of 1 hour to design temperature-time curve up to 800°C followed by cooling to room temperature. Compressive strength, flexural strength, weight loss were determined and compared with that of control specimens. The ductility of the concrete increased with the increased of TRSF contents, increases the damping properties, and while the compressive strength of the concrete reduced with the increment of TRSF contents. Although data obtained in all parameters where lover than the control specimens, concrete containing treated rubber and steel fiber can be suitable for non-structural member in concrete and driveways or road constructions.
Energy Efficiency Criteria for Planning and Design of Green Hospital Buildings Rating System
Authors: Sahamir Shaza Rina , Zakaria Rozana , Omar Mohd faizal , Shakri Md Rajuna , Chughtai Muhammad Waseem , Mustafar Mushairry , Rooshdi Raja Rafidah Raja Muhd
Published: November 2019

Energy efficiency in buildings nowadays are objectively important to be achieved and it requirements being underlined in energy policy for buildings at regional, national and international levels. It circulates among the utilization of building services. This paper analyses available information concerning energy efficiency criteria for hospital buildings, whereby particularly, most hospital buildings are operating in 24 hours with high energy consumption. An analysis of green hospital development is conducted and is aimed to emphasize the important aspects energy efficiency applies in hospital building. An overview related to the present sustainable energy efficiency practices that influential green hospital building planning accomplished by a matrix survey is presented. This gives the possibility to assess the motivation for a sustainable or green hospital buildings development through building rating system. Attention is devoted to the review of energy efficiency criteria as they have to be introduced in the future planning and design of green hospital buildings. Several criteria are listed and their relevance to the sustainable energy development for green hospital building development is accessible. The results indicate that several significant criteria for sustainable hospital can improve the practices of energy efficiency to hospital buildings at the planning and design stages. The energy efficient criteria in green hospital building rating system is potential in providing a positive contributions to energy engineering science, which also may lead to more reduction of hospital building energy consumption, thus, directly improve the carbon footprints.
A Preliminary Study on the Architectural Influences of Istana Lama Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan
Authors: Abidin Nurdiyana Zainal , Shahminan Raja Nafida Raja , Ibrahim Fawazul Khair
Published: November 2019

Traditional Malay Royal Palaces in Malaysia are significant architectural buildings which have been an important and iconic symbol of the rulers and royal families. Functioning as a place of residence and administration, Traditional Malay Royal Palaces are regarded as significant architectural heritage of historical importance. This can be said for all of the Traditional Malay Royal Palaces found in Malaysia including several palaces found in Negeri Sembilan. One of the more noteworthy palaces in Negeri Sembilan is the Istana Lama Seri Menanti which is unique in many ways especially architecturally. It is widely accepted that Negeri Sembilan has always been linked with the Minangkabau of Sumatera, Indonesia and thus it is important to define palace architecture in Negeri Sembilan such as that of Istana Lama Seri Menanti is of local indigenous architecture and not that of the Minangkabau architecture. Hence this paper is a preliminary study on the architectural influences of Istana Lama Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan and aims at investigating the influences found in the architecture of this palace. The methodologies undertaken were of case studies and precedent studies of Traditional Malay Royal Palaces in nine states of Peninsular Malaysia, document analysis of Measured Drawings archived at Center for the Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and site visits to selected palace locations. Findings of this research will indicate the significance of Istana Lama Seri Menanti with regards to its architectural influences and importance within the community.
Petrogenesis study of quaternary volcanic rocks based on petrography analysis in Lubuk Nipis Village, Muara Enim District, South Sumatra
Authors: Suhada Rizky Aulia , Hastuti Endang Wiwik Dyah
Published: November 2019

This study aims to identify the characteristics of quartz volcanic rocks as well as their existing source and process of formation in the Lubuk Nipis area of Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatera Province. In conducting this study, field observation is required to obtain primary data directly and then petrography analyze is needed to analyze volcanic rock samples obtained during field observation. There are 3 types of rock units generated by volcanic activity during the quaternary period in the study area. The three units of rock are, among others, units of andesite intrusion (Qpva), units of andesite lava (Qhv), and units of tuff lapilli & tuff breksi (Qhv). In units of andesite intrusion visible porphyritic crystal texture with Plagioclase minerals become the most dominating minerals with the emergence of other primary minerals such as Quartz, Feldspar, Biotite, Hornblende and Pyroxene. Andesite lava comes with 2 different types of characteristics, porphyritic and microporfiritic texture. There are also seen the flow texture that shows the lava flow process during the formation of rocks in andesit lava units. While other units of rock that is unit of tuff lapilli & tuff brecchia is a product of pyroclastic fall. This unit has a composition of tuff material that dominates, also present are crystalline materials such as plagioclase, quartz, feldspar, and biotite. Further assisted by the analysis of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) to see the geometry of the spread of volcanic facies, can be interpreted the order of formation of rock units in the study area.
A method of modeling and control of recycled material to HPGR device in plant scale
Authors: Saramak D
Published: November 2019

The aim of the paper is an analysis and assessment of HPGR device effectiveness performance in relationship to the volume of recycled material into press. Analysis was carried out in industrial conditions for HPGR device operating in technological circuit of hard ore processing. Data was collected during six months of HPGR operation. There were determined base characteristics of HPGR crushing operations, as well as relationships between operational parameters of the press and feed properties. It was also determined a model that can be helpful in more effective control of HPGR press. Results of investigation show that too low and too extensive pressure volume results in higher mass of the oversize screening product of HPGR recycled to the press. In order to maintain volume of recycled material according to the plant design the operational pressure of the press should be kept within the range that can be calculated from the proposed model.
Analysis of impact of HPGR device operation on technological effectiveness of downstream operations of raw materials processing
Authors: Leśniak K , Saramak A
Published: November 2019

The aim of the paper was to investigate the impact of HPGR operation on the grinding process effectiveness. A series of laboratory crushing tests, together with tests of grinding in a ball mill, were carried out. There were determined comminution degree values for HPGR and ball mill operation. Results of investigation showed that operational pressing force may determine both effectiveness of HPGR crushing process, as well as the grinding effectiveness. The operating pressing force may influence the dust pollution level, while the noise emission level is not correlated with operational pressure.
Influence of reagent dose on the flotation selectivity of copper ore from LGOM area (SW Poland)
Authors: Duchnowska M , Bakalarz A , Luszczkiewicz A
Published: November 2019

The influence of amount of flotation reagents on the efficiency of copper ore flotation in standard laboratory experiments was investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of collector and frother amount on the selectivity of copper upgrading during flotation process of dolomite-shale ore from Fore-Sudetic Monocline area (Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin). The amount of collectors added in industrial conditions was the starting point for the process assessment. Since the dose of flotation reagents influences on the quality and quantity parameters of obtained concentrates, a decrease or increase of reagent dosage can have a major impact on the overall metal production costs at the mining-metallurgical complex.
New high definition X-ray sorting system based on X-MINE detection technology
Authors: Kolacz J
Published: November 2019

The new sorting system has been developed to achieve efficient separation at low mineral content levels. The system employs high sensitivity X-ray sensors providing multi-energy analysis, thus giving maximal information about processed materials. It makes it possible to analyse the internal structure of the particles and directly detect intrusions of minerals and metals like copper or gold. The paper describes sorting application examples for copper ore with metal content under 0.5% Cu. The sorting system still allows high efficiency analysis, quantification and removal of rock particles representing waste fraction with no metal or a negligible amount, being uneconomic to process. This brings a huge advantage, where almost no losses of valuable minerals in the waste fraction are achieved. The presented sorting system has been developed by Comex and X-MINE EU Project Consortium.
Mineralogical characterisation of Matsitama banded iron ore
Authors: Ramakgala C , Danha G
Published: November 2019

A recently discovered Banded Iron Formation (BIF) deposit on the outskirts of a village called Matsitama in the Central part of Botswana, remains unexploited due to inadequate knowledge of its mineralogy and economic value. Currently, Botswana relies on imports in order to satisfy all its iron and steel needs. Exploitation of the Matsitama iron deposit is of critical importance from a socio-economic point of view. To assess the viability and sustainability of potential economic exploitation of the deposit, characterization studies must be conducted on the ore. In this study, chemical and mineralogical examinations were carried out. Mineralogical examination was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and specific gravity by pycnometer techniques were employed in this investigation. QEMSCAN technology was used to assess bulk mineralogy (BMA) and provide Particle Map Analysis (PMA) of the ore. Major minerals analysis by XRD showed that the ore mainly comprise 54.40% hematite, 44.00% quartz, 1.10% magnetite and 0.50% goethite minerals. XRF analysis established that the ore contains 55.9% Fe2O3 and 44.2% SiO2, with minor amounts of Al2O3, Cr2O3, P2O5 and TiO2 elements. QEMSCAN analysis indicated that 75% of the hematite is fully liberated and 25% associated with quartz. Characterization results showed Matsitama ore to have a moderate hematite grade, silica but low concentration of deleterious elements (<1%) which conform to generally acceptable limits for commercially traded iron ores.
Gene copy number is associated with phytochemistry in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Vergara Daniela , Huscher Ezra L , Keepers Kyle G , Givens Robert M , Cizek Christian G , Torres Anthony , Gaudino Reggie , Kane Nolan C
Published: November 2019

Gene copy number (CN) variation is known to be important in nearly every species where it has been examined. Alterations in gene CN may provide a fast way of acquiring diversity, allowing rapid adaptation under strong selective pressures, and may also be a key component of standing genetic variation within species. Cannabis sativa plants produce a distinguishing set of secondary metabolites, the cannabinoids, many of which have medicinal utility. Two major cannabinoids—THCA (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) and CBDA (cannabidiolic acid)—are products of a three-step biochemical pathway. Using whole-genome shotgun sequence data for 69 Cannabis cultivars from diverse lineages within the species, we found that genes encoding the synthases in this pathway vary in CN. Transcriptome sequence data show that the cannabinoid paralogs are differentially expressed among lineages within the species. We also found that CN partially explains variation in cannabinoid content levels among Cannabis plants. Our results demonstrate that biosynthetic genes found at multiple points in the pathway could be useful for breeding purposes, and suggest that natural and artificial selection have shaped CN variation. Truncations in specific paralogs are associated with lack of production of particular cannabinoids, showing how phytochemical diversity can evolve through a complex combination of processes.
A laboratory for multi-century science
Authors: Cockell Charles S , Santomartino Rosa , McMahon Sean , Reekie Philippe , Alberti Samuel J M M , Phillipson Tacye , Russell Sara
Published: November 2019

Charles Cockell and colleagues consider how to establish and maintain a very, very long experiment.
Q&A Raman Prinja
Authors: Prinja Raman , Johnson Paul
Published: November 2019

The professor of astrophysics has received a prize from the AIP for his children's book Planetarium.
Sensitive Inexpensive HPLC Determination of Novel Anticancer Combination in Nanoparticles and Rat Plasma: Pharmacokinetic Application
Authors: Kamel Nayra M , Samaha Magda W , Elzoghby Ahmed O , El-Kimary Eman I
Published: November 2019

Two high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection methods have been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of genistein (GNS) and all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a novel anticancer combination therapy in their co-formulated nanoparticles and in rat plasma. Separation was performed on C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using celecoxib as internal standard. A mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water adjusted to pH 3 using 1% trifluoroacetic acid was delivered in gradient elution modes with time programmed UV detection. For extraction of the drugs and the internal standard from rat plasma, liquid- liquid extraction was applied. The proposed methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines (in the range 0.1–10 μg/mL for analysis of GNS and ATRA in nanoparticles) or according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on bioanalytical method validation (in the range 0.025–20 μg/mL for analysis of GNS and ATRA in rat plasma). Pharmacokinetic study in six rats was performed following intravenous (IV) administration of a single dose of 0.5 mg/Kg of GNS and ATRA. The drugs’ concentrations were measured up to 24 hours, and different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The obtained parameters were comparable with the reported values for IV administration of each drug alone in rats. This confirms the applicability of the proposed method in monitoring the levels of the two drugs in vivo following their coadministration and indicating that the two drugs could be coadministered as a promising novel combination therapy for the treatment of lung cancer without great alteration in their pharmacokinetic parameters compared with their individual IV administration.
Choice of shunt type for the Norwood I procedure: does it make a difference?
Authors: Vitanova Keti , Georgiev Stanimir , Lange Rüdiger , Cleuziou Julie
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to compare pulmonary artery (PA) growth between patients who received a right ventricle-to-PA (RV–PA) shunt and those who received a modified Blalock–Taussig shunt (mBTS).

METHODS

All consecutive patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent the Norwood I procedure between 2001 and 2017 were included in the study. Pre-stage 2 angiograms were analysed to measure the size of the PA. The Nakata index was calculated to estimate PA growth. The ratio of the right PA to left PA cross-sectional area (RPA/LPA) was used to calculate the difference in growth between the 2 branches. Study end points were shunt failure, shunt-related mortality and growth of the PAs.

RESULTS

A total of 223 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (RV–PA group = 137, mBTS group = 86) underwent the Norwood I procedure, and 186 patients (RV–PA n = 116, mBTS n = 70) achieved the stage 2 procedure. PA growth was better in patients with mBTS (Nakata index: RV–PA = 282, mBTS = 315 mm2/m2, P = 0.021). LPA growth was worse compared to RPA growth in both groups (RPA/LPA: RV–PA = 1.21, mBTS = 1.29, P = 1.0). Patients with RV–PA shunts experienced more frequent shunt stenosis compared to patients with mBTS (26 vs 2, P < 0.010). Freedom from shunt failure was 83.3 ± 3.2% and 94 ± 2% at 6 months in the RV–PA and mBTS groups, respectively (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

PA growth is significantly better in patients who received an mBTS. Moreover, patients with an RV–PA shunt more frequently experienced shunt failure due to shunt stenosis. However, survival after the NW procedure is not shunt dependent and growth of the LPA is less pronounced than RPA, regardless of the shunt type.
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Severe Disease Is Mediated by Serum Viral Load in Pediatric Dengue Virus Infections
Authors: Waggoner Jesse J , Katzelnick Leah C , Burger-Calderon Raquel , Gallini Julia , Moore Renee H , Kuan Guillermina , Balmaseda Angel , Pinsky Benjamin A , Harris Eva
Published: November 2019

Background

Low preexisting anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibody levels are associated with elevated disease severity. While antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue is thought to be driven by viral load, this has not been conclusively shown. We evaluated the association between preinfection anti-DENV antibody titers, viral load, and disease severity among 133 dengue cases in a Nicaraguan pediatric cohort study.

Methods

Viral load was quantified in acute-phase serum by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed in relation to preinfection antibody titer (measured by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and dengue severity, categorized using 3 definitions.

Results

Higher viral load was significantly associated with dengue severity; for each increase of 1.0 log10 copies/mL, the odds of severe dengue increased approximately 50%, regardless of severity definition. Viral load at presentation and the odds of severe disease were highest among patients with low to intermediate preinfection antibody titers and lowest among those with the highest antibody titers. We showed the effect of preinfection antibody titer on disease severity was mediated by viral load for each of 3 dengue severity outcomes.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the association between preinfection anti-DENV antibody titer, serum viral load, and disease severity, and provides evidence for the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement in dengue cases.
New medical uses of known medical devices – A new prespective on purpose-limited product protection for medical devices in Europe
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Oser Andreas
Published: November 2019

Medical products/devices belong to a technical field attracting increasing importance in recent years in view of a growing number of applications. However, according to the prevailing jurisprudence of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), they generally do not enjoy the novelty privilege provided by Art. 54(4) und (5) EPC, as this is said to be applicable only to classical medicaments. According to the current approach, it is decisive whether the subject is a substance or a composition. Although these terms may be interpreted broadly, obtaining patent protection for new uses of known med-tech products was successful only in narrowly-defined and limited cases. In a recently published decision, a Board of Appeal for the first time gave a detailed explanation of the narrow interpretation of the aforementioned terms and further refined the jurisprudence with respect to medical products/devices. This article reviews the legal development and summarizes the current status on the subject. It then critically deals with the current considerations of the EPO Boards of Appeal regarding the narrow interpretation of Art. 54(4) and (5) EPC and presents arguments in favor of a broader interpretation. Finally, the article discusses whether a clarification of the outstanding questions on this important topic can reasonably be expected and how this could evolve.
Feeding Response to Select Monosaccharides, Sugar Alcohols, and Artificial Sweeteners Relative to Sucrose in Adult House Flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: King B H , Taylor E E , Burgess Edwin R
Published: November 2019

Use of insecticidal baits risks the evolution of resistance to the feeding stimulant in the bait, not just to the active ingredient (toxicant). Sucrose-based baits are widely used against house flies, Musca domestica L. The baits are applied as dry granules, but readily liquefy. The proboscis extension reflex (PER) and consumption of alternative sweeteners, dry or in solution, were examined. Fructose, glucose, and xylitol merit further study as alternatives to sucrose. Dry, fructose, glucose, and xylitol elicited PER much more than sucrose, although not when in solution. Furthermore, dry or in solution, females and males ate as much or more fructose as sucrose. In solution, flies ate as much glucose as sucrose; although when dry, consumption was much less for glucose than sucrose. Dry, xylitol elicited as much consumption as sucrose for females, though less for males. In solution, for both sexes, xylitol elicited less consumption than sucrose did. Acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate, and sucralose do not look promising as they did not often elicit PER, whether dry or in solution. Erythritol also does not look promising. Erythritol elicited PER no more than sucrose did when dry and elicited PER much less than sucrose when in solution. Flies ate much less erythritol than sucrose whether dry or in solution.
Identifying the Thoughts That Cause Anxiety
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

Cognitive restructuring is a procedure that helps to examine how people are thinking and to consider whether there may be a more useful way to look at a situation that makes them anxious. Clients learn to identify the thinking errors in the automatic thoughts (ATs) they have when they get anxious. They also have the opportunity to see if they tend to use particular thinking errors when they have anxious thoughts. Clients are taught (a) what they think influences how anxious they feel and (b) how to change what they are thinking so that they can better manage their anxiety and do the things they want to do in life. This chapter introduces the idea of information-processing biases using the “amber-colored glasses” metaphor. As people learn to change their ATs, they feel less anxious and depressed.
Tools to Challenge Your Automatic Thoughts
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

This chapter covers the two remaining major steps in cognitive restructuring. The first of these is questioning whether automatic thoughts are really true. A list of all-purpose questions called “disputing questions” is presented. Some of these questions are particularly appropriate for automatic thoughts (ATs) with certain thinking errors, and others work for a variety of thoughts. The next step in the cognitive restructuring procedure is to develop a rational response, which is a statement that summarizes or highlights the key points a client has discovered working through the Anxious Self/Coping Self dialogue. Often the rational response is a shorthand reminder to stay focused and think more rationally. When people are in a situation that makes them anxious, they can repeat the rational response in their head as ATs arise.
Settling Into the Journey
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

After the first in-session exposure, treatment enters a middle phase in which sessions revolve around the routine of in-session exposures and review and completion of in vivo (real-life) exposures for homework. Exposures are guided by the client’s Fear and Avoidance Hierarchy. For clients to benefit from this treatment, the emphasis for clients will shift from exposures done in session (with the therapist) to tackling real-life situations on their own. Guidelines for picking exposure situations are provided, and the relationship among exposures, cognitive restructuring, and homework is presented. Homework for the rest of the program is discussed, and learning to overcome social anxiety is introduced as a habit.
Role of the School-Based Professional in Linking Systems of Care
Authors: Keller-Margulis Milena A. , Ochs Sarah , Nowell Kerri P. , Mire Sarah S.
Published: November 2019

School-based providers serve an important role in connecting the various systems of care with which children with chronic health conditions and their families interact. The systems include schools and medical care organizations. This chapter presents a theoretical framework and reviews models of system collaboration to guide the professional in this role. Additionally, it presents information to facilitate optimal collaboration with medical care providers, families, and schools through communication and management of information dissemination. Guidelines for sharing health-related information in schools are outlined. Finally, the chapter concludes with a review of the strengths and challenges of school-based integrated care clinics. Information in this chapter will allow the school-based professional to establish a system of collaboration with key stakeholders within and outside the school system to meet the needs of children with chronic health conditions in schools.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Authors: Sloman Glenn M. , Selbst Michael C.
Published: November 2019

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a therapy-based intervention for students with chronic health conditions that helps students manage their experience with their medical condition through changing their relationship with unpleasant thoughts, feelings, sensations, urges, and memories in the service of engaging in values-based actions. ACT offers a practical method for school-based professionals to help children and adolescents who experience chronic health conditions reduce their suffering and engage in life-affirming, values-based actions. The chapter provides an overview of the ACT approach and a review of its use and efficacy in school children with and without chronic health conditions. The overview includes a description of the key components and underlying theory of the approach and how it may be applied in the school setting. The chapter reviews one particular intervention approach in detail and describes each step, with an illustration of its application through case examples.
End-of-Life and Grief Issues in the School Setting
Authors: Zimmerman Cortney T. , Schneider Nicole M. , Hill Ryan M. , Kaplow Julie B.
Published: November 2019

School-based clinicians are likely to encounter the death of a student or a student’s family member in their work. Providing a supportive school environment is crucial for those coping with the death of a loved one or peer. The role of school mental health professionals in assisting children, families, faculty, and staff in the aftermath of a death is complex and multifaceted. This chapter serves as a guide for school-based clinicians who work with students who are possibly facing their own death or coping with the death of a peer or family member. The chapter provides an overview of developmental stages of understanding the concept of death and strategies for professionals and families to talk about death and dying with children. Specific strategies for facilitating a supportive school environment, working with bereaved students and peers, identifying struggling students, and supporting school personnel are discussed.
Neurological Disorders
Authors: Wodrich David L. , Jarrar Randa G. , Etzl Michael M.
Published: November 2019

Neurological conditions result from medical disorders that directly or indirectly affect the central nervous system and can result in difficulties with learning, behavior, memory, attention, and interpersonal functioning. This chapter describes two neurological conditions (epilepsy and pediatric brain tumor and other cancers) that either directly or indirectly affect the central nervous system and that may cause challenges in the educational setting. The two conditions illustrate several principles that are broadly important to all neurological conditions that may affect children in the school setting. The chapter contains a concise explanation of a model concerned with pediatric illnesses at school and how epilepsy and cancer express themselves in terms of this model. Finally, school-based interventions for both conditions and other educator-friendly resources are provided.
Hematologic/Oncologic Disorders and HIV
Authors: Harman Jennifer L. , Wilkins Megan L. , Jurbergs Niki
Published: November 2019

Schools across the country serve children with a variety of health-related conditions, some which are hematological disorders (i.e., related to blood or bone marrow). Of these, some are oncologic disorders that affect the blood (e.g., leukemia), others are disorders of the blood system (e.g., sickle cell disease), and others are infectious diseases that may involve blood-borne pathogens (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus). This chapter describes each of the aforementioned disorders with a specific focus on factors of particular relevance to school-based clinicians and teachers. Common symptoms and relevant complications with each condition are listed in a table. Each condition’s description includes a case example to emphasize practical applications of material presented. Subsequently, pertinent considerations for assessment and intervention work in the school setting are highlighted for the three conditions concurrently.
Wave heating from proto-neutron star convection and the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism
Authors: Gossan Sarah E , Fuller Jim , Roberts Luke F
Published: November 2019

Our understanding of the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism is incomplete. While the favoured scenario is delayed revival of the stalled shock by neutrino heating, it is difficult to reliably compute explosion outcomes and energies, which depend sensitively on the complex radiation hydrodynamics of the post-shock region. The dynamics of the (non-)explosion depend sensitively on how energy is transported from inside and near the proto-neutron star (PNS) to material just behind the supernova shock. Although most of the PNS energy is lost in the form of neutrinos, hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic waves can also carry energy from the PNS to the shock. We show that gravity waves excited by core PNS convection can couple with outgoing acoustic waves that present an appreciable source of energy and pressure in the post-shock region. Using one-dimensional simulations, we estimate the gravity wave energy flux excited by PNS convection and the fraction of this energy transmitted upwards to the post-shock region as acoustic waves. We find wave energy fluxes near $10^{51}\, \mathrm{erg}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\,$ are likely to persist for $\sim \! 1\, \mathrm{s}$ post-bounce. The wave pressure on the shock may exceed $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the thermal pressure, potentially contributing to shock revival and, subsequently, a successful and energetic explosion. We also discuss how future simulations can better capture the effects of waves, and more accurately quantify wave heating rates.
INTELLANCE 2/EORTC 1410 randomized phase II study of Depatux-M alone and with temozolomide vs temozolomide or lomustine in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma
Authors: Van Den Bent Martin , Eoli Marica , Sepulveda Juan Manuel , Smits Marion , Walenkamp Annemiek , Frenel Jean-Sebastian , Franceschi Enrico , Clement Paul M , Chinot Olivier , De Vos Filip , Whenham Nicolas , Sanghera Paul , Weller Michael , Dubbink H J , French Pim , Looman Jim , Dey Jyotirmoy , Krause Scott , Ansell Pete , Nuyens Sarah , Spruyt Maarten , Brilhante Joana , Coens Corneel , Gorlia Thierry , Golfinopoulos Vassilis
Published: November 2019

Background

Depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux-M) is a tumor-specific antibody–drug conjugate consisting of an antibody (ABT-806) directed against activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the toxin monomethylauristatin-F. We investigated Depatux-M in combination with temozolomide or as a single agent in a randomized controlled phase II trial in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma.

Methods

Eligible were patients with centrally confirmed EGFR amplified glioblastoma at first recurrence after chemo-irradiation with temozolomide. Patients were randomized to either Depatux-M 1.25 mg/kg every 2 weeks intravenously, or this treatment combined with temozolomide 150–200 mg/m2 day 1–5 every 4 weeks, or either lomustine or temozolomide. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival.

Results

Two hundred sixty patients were randomized. In the primary efficacy analysis with 199 events (median follow-up 15.0 mo), the hazard ratio (HR) for the combination arm compared with the control arm was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.50, 1.02; P = 0.062). The efficacy of Depatux-M monotherapy was comparable to that of the control arm (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.48; P = 0.83). The most frequent toxicity in Depatux-M treated patients was a reversible corneal epitheliopathy, occurring as grades 3–4 adverse events in 25–30% of patients. In the long-term follow-up analysis with median follow-up of 28.7 months, the HR for the comparison of the combination arm versus the control arm was 0.66 (95% CI = 0.48, 0.93).

Conclusion

This trial suggests a possible role for the use of Depatux-M in combination with temozolomide in EGFR amplified recurrent glioblastoma, especially in patients relapsing well after the end of first-line adjuvant temozolomide treatment. (NCT02343406)
A stage-specific cell-manipulation platform for inducing endothelialization on demand
Authors: Zhao Qilong , Wang Juan , Wang Yunlong , Cui Huanqing , Du Xuemin
Published: November 2019

Endothelialization is of great significance for vascular remodeling, as well as for the success of implanted vascular grafts/stents in cardiovascular disease treatment. However, desirable endothelialization on synthetic biomaterials remains greatly challenging owing to extreme difficulty in offering dynamic guidance on endothelial cell (EC) functions resembling the native extracellular matrix-mediated effects. Here, we demonstrate a bilayer platform with near-infrared-triggered transformable topographies, which can alter the geometries and functions of human ECs by tunable topographical cues in a remote-controlled manner, yet cause no damage to the cell viability. The migration and the adhesion/spreading of human ECs are respectively promoted by the temporary anisotropic and permanent isotropic topographies of the platform in turn, which appropriately meet the requirements of stage-specific EC manipulation for endothelialization. In addition to the potential of promoting the development of a new generation of vascular grafts/stents enabling rapid endothelialization, this stage-specific cell-manipulation platform also holds promise in various biomedical fields, since the needs for stepwise control over different cell functions are common in wound healing and various tissue-regeneration processes.
Psyllium husk intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based scientific and regulatory review of a qualified health claim conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Rivers Crystal R , Kantor Mark A
Published: November 2019

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received a petition from a company requesting that FDA issue an authorized health claim for the relationship between psyllium husk and a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. After an initial assessment of the available scientific evidence, FDA determined that significant scientific agreement was lacking for this substance-disease relationship, whereupon the company agreed to have its petition reviewed as a qualified health claim. This article describes the process FDA used in conducting an evidence-based review of the science underpinning the proposed claim and addresses certain safety issues associated with psyllium husk that FDA considered in its review of the petition. Of the 6 studies from which scientific conclusions could be drawn, as identified through FDA’s review, psyllium husk significantly improved plasma glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in only 1 study. Therefore, FDA’s enforcement discretion letter for this qualified health claim stated: “Psyllium husk may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, although the FDA has concluded that there is very little scientific evidence for this claim.”
Altered Root Structure Affects Both Expression and Cellular Localization of Transporters for Mineral Element Uptake in Rice
Authors: Yu En , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng
Published: November 2019

One of the most important roles of plant roots is to take up mineral elements for their growth. Although several genes involved in root growth have been identified, the association between root structure and mineral element uptake is less investigated. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant (dice1, defective in cell elongation 1) with short-root phenotype. This mutant was characterized by partial defect in the formation of root outer cell layers. Mapping of the responsible gene revealed that the short-root phenotype in the mutant was caused by a single-nucleotide substitution of a gene encoding a membrane-anchored endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (OsGlu3). The growth of both the roots and shoots was partially recovered with increasing strength of nutrient solution and glucose in the mutant. The mutant showed a decreased uptake (normalized by root dry weight) for Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Ge but increased uptake for K and Ca. The expression level of some transporter genes including OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 for Si uptake and OsNramp5 for Mn uptake was significantly decreased in the mutant compared with the wild-type (WT) rice. Furthermore, the cellular localization of OsLsi1 was altered; OsLsi1 localized at the root exodermis of the WT rice was changed to be localized to other cell layers of the mutant roots. However, this localization became normal in the presence of exogenous glucose in the mutant. Our results indicate that a normal root structure is required for maintaining the expression and localization of transporters involved in the mineral element uptake.
A Unified Factorization Theorem for Lipschitz Summing Operators
Authors: Botelho Geraldo , Maia Mariana , Pellegrino Daniel , Santos Joedson
Published: November 2019

We prove a general factorization theorem for Lipschitz summing operators in the context of metric spaces that recovers several linear and nonlinear factorization theorems that have been proved recently in different environments. New applications are also given.
Phylogenetic Conflicts, Combinability, and Deep Phylogenomics in Plants
Authors: Smith Stephen A , Walker-Hale Nathanael , Walker Joseph F , Brown Joseph W
Published: November 2019

Studies have demonstrated that pervasive gene tree conflict underlies several important phylogenetic relationships where different species tree methods produce conflicting results. Here, we present a means of dissecting the phylogenetic signal for alternative resolutions within a data set in order to resolve recalcitrant relationships and, importantly, identify what the data set is unable to resolve. These procedures extend upon methods for isolating conflict and concordance involving specific candidate relationships and can be used to identify systematic error and disambiguate sources of conflict among species tree inference methods. We demonstrate these on a large phylogenomic plant data set. Our results support the placement of Amborella as sister to the remaining extant angiosperms, Gnetales as sister to pines, and the monophyly of extant gymnosperms. Several other contentious relationships, including the resolution of relationships within the bryophytes and the eudicots, remain uncertain given the low number of supporting gene trees. To address whether concatenation of filtered genes amplified phylogenetic signal for relationships, we implemented a combinatorial heuristic to test combinability of genes. We found that nested conflicts limited the ability of data filtering methods to fully ameliorate conflicting signal amongst gene trees. These analyses confirmed that the underlying conflicting signal does not support broad concatenation of genes. Our approach provides a means of dissecting a specific data set to address deep phylogenetic relationships while also identifying the inferential boundaries of the data set. [Angiosperms; coalescent; gene-tree conflict; genomics; phylogenetics; phylogenomics.]
Intraflagellar‐transport A dysfunction causes hyperphagia‐induced systemic insulin resistance in a pre‐obese state
Authors: Jacobs Damon T. , Allard Bailey A. , Pottorf Tana S. , Silva Luciane M. , Wang Wei , Al‐Naamani Aisha , Agborbesong Ewud , Wang Tao , Carr Dajanae A. , Tran Pamela V.
Published: November 2019

Deletion of murine Thm1, an intraflagellar transport A (IFT‐A) component that mediates ciliary protein trafficking, causes hyperphagia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The role of Thm1 or IFT‐A in adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity is unknown. Here, we report that Thm1 knockdown in 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes promotes adipogenesis and enhances insulin sensitivity in vitro. Yet, pre‐obese Thm1 conditional knockout mice show systemic insulin resistance. While insulin‐induced AKT activation in Thm1 mutant adipose depots and skeletal muscle are similar to those of control littermates, an attenuated insulin response arises in the mutant liver. Insulin treatment of control and Thm1 mutant primary hepatocytes results in similar AKT activation. Moreover, pair‐feeding Thm1 conditional knockout mice produces a normal insulin response, both in the liver and systemically. Thus, hyperphagia caused by a cilia defect, induces hepatic insulin resistance via a non‐cell autonomous mechanism. In turn, hepatic insulin resistance drives systemic insulin resistance prior to an obese phenotype. These data demonstrate that insulin signaling across cell types is regulated differentially, and that the liver is particularly susceptible to hyperphagia‐induced insulin resistance and a critical determinant of systemic insulin resistance.
Plagiarism in Brazil: A perspective of 25,000 PhD holders across the sciences
Authors: Vasconcelos Sonia MR , Masuda Hatisaburo , Sorenson Martha , Prosdocimi Francisco , Palácios Marisa , Watanabe Edson , Pinto José Carlos , Lapa e Silva José Roberto , Vieyra Adalberto , Pinto André , Mena-Chalco Jesús , Sant’Ana Mauricio , Roig Miguel
Published: November 2019

When it comes to ownership of ideas in science, Robert K. Merton (1957) observed inPriorities in Scientific Discovery: A Chapter in the Sociology of Sciencethat “what is true of physics, chemistry, astronomy, medicine and mathematics is true also of all the other scientific disciplines, not excluding the social and psychological sciences”. However, consensus over related issues, such as what constitutes plagiarism in these fields cannot be taken for granted. We conducted a comprehensive study on plagiarism views among PhD holders registered in the database of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). We collected 25,157 valid responses encompassing views and attitudes toward plagiarism from a probability sample of PhD holders across the fields, including biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and engineers as well as linguists, philosophers and anthropologists. The results suggest that core principles about plagiarism are shared among this multidisciplinary community and that they corroborate Merton’s observations. Before this study, we could only speculate that this is the case. With these data from a probability sample of Brazilian academia (PhD holders), this study offers insight into the way plagiarism is perceived across the sciences, including the literature and arts, and sheds light on the problem in the context of international collaborative research networks. The data focus on a young research system in Latin America, but, given the cultural similarities that bind most Latin-American nations, these results may be relevant to other PhD populations in the region and should provide a comparison with studies from other emerging, non-Anglophone regions.
Dual-sensing genetically encoded fluorescent indicators resolve the spatiotemporal coordination of cytosolic abscisic acid and second messenger dynamics in Arabidopsis
Authors: Waadt Rainer , Köster Philipp , Andrés Zaida , Waadt Christian , Bradamante Gabriele , Lampou Konstantinos , Kudla Jörg , Schumacher Karin
Published: November 2019

Deciphering signal transduction processes is crucial for understanding how plants sense and respond to environmental changes. Various chemical compounds function as central messengers within deeply intertwined signaling networks. How such compounds act in concert remains to be elucidated. We have developed dual-sensing genetically encoded fluorescent indicators (2-In-1-GEFIs) for multiparametric in vivo analyses of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), Ca2+, protons (H+), chloride (anions), the glutathione redox potential (EGSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Simultaneous analyses of two signaling compounds in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots revealed that ABA treatment and uptake did not trigger rapid cytosolic Ca2+or H+fluxes. Glutamate, ATP, Arabidopsis PLANT ELICITOR PEPTIDE (AtPEP1) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) treatments induced rapid spatiotemporally overlapping cytosolic Ca2+, H+and anion fluxes, but except for GSSG only weakly affected the cytosolic redox state. Overall, 2-In-1-GEFIs enable complementary high-resolution in vivo analyses of signaling compound dynamics and facilitate an advanced understanding of the spatiotemporal coordination of signal transduction processes in Arabidopsis.