bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rate-determining states of Nickel based Heck-Matsuda Reaction can be modulated: Theoretical insights and their synthetic implications
Authors: Lussari Natália , R. D. Correia Carlos , A. C. Braga Ataualpa
Published: July 2024

A theoretical mechanistic study for a Heck-Matsuda reaction mediated by nickel complexes was performed using DFT calculations considering 3-cyclopenten-1-ol as the initial olefin. Two pathways were identified: a closed shell singlet Ni(0)/Ni(II) and an open shell doublet Ni(I)/Ni(III). Analysis of kinetic energy profiles through span analysis revealed a pivotal shift in rate-determining states. This shift is influenced by the rotational flexibility of the starting olefin during $\beta$-hydride elimination and the base strength during reductive elimination. Notably, both pathways yielded identical stereochemistry, governed by the interaction of the hydroxyl group with the metal center. The mechanistic hypothesis was later tested in a case study using styrene as olefin yielding a TOF closely aligned with analogue experimental data. The pre-catalysis thermodynamic profile favoured the doublet catalytic cycle over the singlet counterpart in the presence of aryl radical species. These theoretical insights offer practical guidance for enhancing synthetic methodologies.
Sugar characteristics of honey from Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) market
Authors: Siddiqui Abdullah , Altaleei Khuloud Khalfan , Al Muharrami Ahmed Awadh Hatem , Lashari Ali Usama , Jagadeesan Premanandh
Published: July 2024

Honey is a natural sweetening agent having concentrated solution of sugars. The sugar composition and percentage ratio are valuable quality parameters as some of the physiochemical properties like hygroscopicity, granulation, viscosity is influenced by the composition of sugars. Honey samples from the retail markets in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi were utilized to determine fructose, glucose, and sucrose values due to their dominance in the nectars having profound impact in determining the honey quality. The sum of reducing sugar content was in the range of 27% to 87% while sucrose content was between 5 to 37%. About 33% of the samples failed to comply with standard threshold of glucose and fructose. The samples having higher sucrose content exhibited decreased glucose and fructose levels. In conclusion, the commercially available honey samples require rigorous scrutiny and monitoring due to higher levels of quality non-compliance in accordance with local standards.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants under Near-Native Separation Conditions using Nanoflow Sheath Liquid Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: van der Zon Annika A.M. , Höchsmann Alisa , Bos Tijmen S. , Neusüß Christian , Somsen Govert W. , Jooß Kevin , Haselberg Rob , Gargano Andrea F.G.
Published: July 2024

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) undergo multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs), e.g., charge variants, oxidation, etc., during production and storage, necessitating evaluation of the resulting PTMs as critical quality attributes (CQA) for protein quality and safety. Charge variants PTMs can be separated using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The CZE EACA method developed by He et al. (2011) with UV detection is applied routinely in the pharmaceutical industry for analyzing charge variants. However, the method cannot be directly hyphenated with mass spectrometry (MS), preventing direct identification of separated charge variants due to the non-volatile background electrolyte (BGE), which hinders reliable charge variant identification. This study presents a CZE-UV/MS method using a neutral static capillary coating of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose combined with a volatile BGE at pH 5.0 to allow MS-compatible mAb charge variant separations. The effect of several parameters, including pH and concentration of BGE, voltage, and injected mAb concentrations in terms of separation performance on a panel of mAbs was investigated. The final method was tested with mAbs of IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG4) with different pI (7.4-9.2), and degrees of heterogeneity. Basic and acidic variants were separated from the parent mAb using a BGE of 50 mM acetic acid adjusted at pH 5.0. A linear correlation in relative charge variant abundance was obtained between our method and the EACA method. CZE-MS coupling was accomplished using the nanoCEasy, a low-flow sheath liquid interface, which enabled the identification and quantitation of basic, acidic, and incomplete pyroglutamate variants, and glycoforms of the tested mAbs.This method can be a useful tool for in-depth charge variants characterization of mAbs.
Cyclobutane-linked Nanothreads through Thermal and Photochemically Mediated Polymerization of Cyclohexadiene
Authors: Murphy Morgan , Xu Bohan , Rank Katie , Wu Sikai , Huss Steven , Badding John , Lopez Steven , Crespi Vincent , Elacqua Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Carbon nanothreads are a rapidly growing class of 1D nanomaterials with sp3-hybridized diamond-like backbones. Most nanothreads are synthesized through the pressure-induced polymerization of aromatics, resulting in diverse structures and functionalities. Aside from precursor selection, there are currently limited means to control nanothread reaction pathway or polymerization outcome. Analogous to selection rules that govern outcomes in small molecule chemistry, we investigated both thermally and photochemically mediated polymerizations of skipped and conjugated dienes (1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadiene) under high pressure and explored the resultant product selectivity. For 1,3-cyclohexadiene, both approaches yield largely amorphous products owing to competing reaction pathways. Thermally mediated polymerization of 1,4-cyclohexadiene yields a crystalline product; however, the identification of the backbone composition is consistent with multiple different reaction pathways being accessible. While support for cyclobutane structures is present, comparison to the simulated structures suggests multiple products are obtained from the thermal polymerization of 1,4-cyclohexadiene. In contrast, the recovered product obtained from photochemically mediated polymerization of the skipped diene has different d-spacings and is consistent with simulations that support a single reaction pathway toward cyclobutane-linked nanothreads. These results suggest that photochemical activation can enable product selectivity in nanothread synthesis.
Regeneration of PFAS-laden Granular Activated Carbon in Modified Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Authors: Didenko Tatiana , Lau Almond , Purohit Anmol L. , Feng Ji , Pinkard Brian , Ateia Mohamed , Novosselov Igor V.
Published: July 2024

Granular activated carbon (GAC) is widely used to treat contaminated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) waste streams, resulting in the accumulation of large quantities of spent GAC that need to be landfilled or regenerated. A novel modified supercritical CO2 (scCO2) extraction for regeneration of spent GAC is developed. With the addition of organic solvents and acid modifiers, the procedure yielded > 97% perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) desorption after a 60-minute treatment in a continuous flow reactor. The mild extraction conditions at T ~ 100°C do not trigger the formation of volatile organic fluorine or changes in GAC sorbent properties. Mechanistically, the high miscibility of co-solvent/scCO2 eliminates diffusion transport limitations, enabling rapid reagent and PFAS transport in a single-phase (gas-like) medium. The introduction of organic co-solvent and the absence of water reverses hydrophobic interactions between GAC and the PFAS. The acid modifier minimizes the electrostatic PFOA/ GAC interactions by protonating the perfluorooctanoate ion and providing competition for active GAC sites. The approach offers an economically effective regeneration scheme, enabling the reuse of sorbents and yielding effluent with a high loading of PFAS that is amenable to subsequent end-of-life treatment technologies.
Electronic response and charge inversion at polarized gold electrode
Authors: Andersson Linnéa , Sprik Michiel , Hutter Juerg , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2024

We have studied polarized Au(100) and Au(111) electrodes immersed in electrolyte solution by implementing finite-field methods in density functional theory-based molecular dynamics (DFTMD) simulations. This allows us to directly compute the Helmholtz capacitance of electric double layer by including both electronic and ionic degrees of freedom, and the results turn out to be in excellent agreement with experiments. It is found that the electronic response of Au electrode makes a crucial contribution to the high Helmholtz capacitance and the instantaneous adsorption of Cl can lead to a charge inversion on the anodic polarized Au(100) surface. These findings point out ways to improve popular semi-classical models for simulating electrified solid-liquid interfaces and to identify the nature of surface charges therein which are difficult to access in experiments.
An Evolved Artificial Radical Cyclase Enables the Construction of Bicyclic Terpenoid Scaffolds via an H-Atom Transfer Pathway
Authors: Chen Dongping , zhang Xiang , Vorobieva Anastassia , Tachibana Ryo , Stein Alina , Jakob Roman , Zou Zhi , Graf Damian , Li Ang , Maier Timm , Correia Bruno , Ward Thomas
Published: July 2024

While natural terpenoid cyclases generate complex terpenoid structures via cationic mechanisms, alternative radical cyclization pathways are underexplored. The metal-catalyzed hydrogen-atom-transfer (M-HAT) reaction offers an attractive means for hydrofunctionalizing olefins, providing access to terpenoid-like structures. Artificial metalloenzymes offer a promising strategy for introducing M-HAT reactivity into a protein scaffold. Herein, we report our efforts towards engineering an artificial radical cyclase (ARCase), resulting from anchoring a biotinylated [Co(Schiff-base)] cofactor within an engineered chimeric streptavidin. After two rounds of directed evolution, a double mutant catalyzed a radical cyclization to afford bicyclic products with a cis-5-6-fused ring structure and up to 97% enantiomeric excess. The involvement of a histidine ligation to the Co-cofactor was confirmed by crystallography. A time-course experiment revealed a cascade reaction catalyzed by the ARCase, combining a radical cyclization with a conjugate reduction. The ARCase exhibited tolerance towards variations in the dienone substrate, highlighting its potential to access terpenoid scaffolds.
Nickel Dynamics Switch the Selectivity of CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: González-Acosta José Manuel , Sabadell-Rendón Albert , Kaźmierczak Kamila , Euzenat Florian , Montroussier Nicolas , Curulla-Ferré Daniel , López Núria
Published: July 2024

The dynamic properties of catalysts under reaction conditions are difficult to characterize and thus their contribution to performance has traditionally been overlooked. Herein, we uncover the mechanism behind the selectivity switch in the hydrogenation of CO2 on Nickel catalysts. The swap between methanation and the Reverse Water Gas-Shift reaction (CO2+H2 <=> CO+H2O) is driven by dynamics induced by some of the reaction intermediates. In particular, at low temperatures, CO accumulates on the Ni surface promoting the formation of Ni adatoms, which enhances further CO conversion to methane. At elevated temperatures, the adatom population decreases, and the selectivity towards CO increases. In the present example, the lack of understanding of the materials under operando conditions leads to poor representativeness of the structural models in the calculations. This introduces an error that accumulates with the energy evaluation error of Density Functional Theory simulations. Our work paves the way for including dynamic aspects of the materials under reaction conditions in microkinetic simulations.
Zwischen Symbolik und Klang: Eine musikanalytische Untersuchung des Gralskonzepts Richard Wagners im Lohengrin-Vorspiel und dessen Bedeutung für die Opernhandlung
Authors: Hackbarth Tom
Published: July 2024

Das sphärische Vorspiel zu Richard Wagners Lohengrin vermittelt eine musikalische Manifestation des göttlichen Grals und seiner Aura. Die Bedeutung des Grals in der Oper ist trotz seiner wenigen Erwähnungen im Libretto von entscheidender Bedeutung, da er als Ausgangspunkt für die Lösung des Ursprungskonflikts dient. Die vorliegende Untersuchung wählt eine musikanalytische Perspektive, um das Gralskonzept in Wagners Werk zu beleuchten. Zunächst erfolgt ein Überblick über den Gral und seine verschiedenen Ursprünge, unter Berücksichtigung der von Wagner verwendeten Quellen. Die Entstehungsgeschichte und die Gesamthandlung des Lohengrin werden aufgrund ihres begrenzten Beitrags zum Forschungsthema vernachlässigt. Im Hauptteil wird das Vorspiel zunächst anhand eines Höreindrucks beschrieben und mit einer zeichenbasierten Interpretation von Hector Berlioz in Kontext gesetzt. Es folgt eine Untersuchung der Gliederung des Vorspiels sowie eine genaue Betrachtung des Gralsthemas und seiner Interpretation. Weiterhin wird erörtert, ob Wagner den Gral als konkretes Objekt oder als abstrakte Idee darstellt. Die Verknüpfungen zur Gralserzählung des dritten Aktes und zur restlichen Oper werden dabei aufgezeigt. Die Untersuchung schließt mit einem Fazit, das zentrale Erkenntnisse hervorhebt und mögliche Ansätze für weitere Forschung in der neueren Musikwissenschaft aufzeigt. Es wird eine Einschätzung von Wagners Verwendung des Grals im Lohengrin gegeben, wobei ein Bezug zu älteren Geschichten hergestellt wird, die Wagners Gralsidee beeinflusst haben könnten
O Caso Wagner, de Gabriele DʹAnnunzio.
Authors: Raike Barone Costa Santos Roberto Sávio Rosa &
Published: July 2024

Objetivando facultar aos leitores de Wagner e Nietzsche exegeses e comentários a respeito da relação tumultuada entre o Artista e o Filósofo, apresentamos nos- sa ínfima contribuição, com a tradução dos três artigos publicados por Gabriele D’Annunzio em La Tribuna, de Roma, no ano de 1893, intitulados O Caso Wagner– na vida e na arte. Paralelamente, sugerimos um amplo horizonte de investiga- ção esboçando considerações acerca da recepção e divulgação dos escritos niet- zschianos em solo alheio e adverso à semeadura.
Apocalypse Staged: Theme, Genre, and Wagner’s Ring in the Anthropocene
Authors: Steinken Woodrow
Published: July 2024

This paper reads several recent stagings of Richard Wagner’s Ring cycle (1876), from the 1980s to the present, as hermeneutical of Anthropocenic thinking in the humanities, due in part to the work’s dramatization of an apocalypse. Humanistic inquiry on the end of the world during the Anthropocene has focused on the global climate crisis and fundamental capitalism, two benchmarks of interpretation for the apocalypse of Wagner’s Ring. These stagings of the Ring set the work in fantasy worlds via new technology and staging practices, but they also contest the Ring as a supposedly fixed cultural product. By reflecting an end of the world concomitant with the ones we imagine most often today, these stagings present a world marked by profound loss, shifting senses of place and space, and a general reinstatement of humanity’s relationship to the earth. These stagings of the Ring include the infamous centenary production from Patrice Chéreau, the dialectical stagings that followed in the 1980s by Götz Friedrich and Harry Kupfer, as well as more recent stagings of Das Rheingold from Catalan directors’ collective La Fura dels Baus (2007) and Marcelo Lombardero at the Teatro Argentino de La Plata (2021).
Escrita Dramática: Na defesa do teatro dramático, o termo que veio para ficar
Authors: Berton Paulo Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Introdução ao dossiê Escrita Dramática.
Harsenning Deep Learning Techniques for Predictive Cybersecurity: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Apedu Ashwin ,   Applications Engineer The Auto Club group (AAA)  Atlanta,Georgia,USA
Published: July 2024

Predictive cybersecurity - an emerging field that aims to proactively identify and mitigate cyber threats applies deep learning techniques. The application of contemporary deep learning methods, such as Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for malware classification, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and anomaly detection is explored in this study. Although these models are effective, they have some drawbacks, including as the constantly changing and dynamic nature of cyber-attacks, the need for large and varied datasets, and the interpretability-impairing black-box nature of deep learning models.This paper offers a hybrid strategy to address these issues by combining classic deep learning models with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to boost data creation and detection performance. To attain improved accuracy and resilience, we also present an ensemble learning framework that combines the advantages of many techniques. The goal of the suggested remedies is to create resilient, adaptable, and explainable cybersecurity systems that are capable of real-time threat detection and prediction. The suggested techniques take advantage of data augmentation and transfer learning to overcome data shortages and enhance model generalisation. Furthermore, the integration of explainable AI techniques endeavours to augment the transparency and interpretability of the models, hence enhancing their dependability for cybersecurity specialists.Through a methodical approach to these problems, the research hopes to push predictive cybersecurity to new heights and offer a more proactive and safe defence against ever-more-advanced cyber-attacks.
Deep Learning Based Network Intrusion Detection System: A Deep Abstract Networks (DANets) Model Approach
Authors: Kottilingal Shahir ,   Department of Artificial Intelligence: Wakeb Data Co., KSA
Published: July 2024

The need for frequent updates on Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is crucial for safeguarding enterprise data against cyberattacks due to the advancement in the attackers' arsenal resulting from technological advancements. Conventional signature-based NIDS often struggle to keep up with newer types of intrusions due to their sophisticated nature. This has forced the advancement of machine learning-based NIDS, which have shown promising results. There is much recent research on machine learning and deep learning-based network intrusion detection system. Also, there is few important research datasets like UNSW-NB15, KDD CUP dataset, etc published for the use of research community. In this paper, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Deep Abstract Networks (DANets) model in network intrusion detection. We used UNSW-NB15 dataset. The accuracy and F1 score of the proposed model were very promising.
Assessment of the condition of green places in the park territories of the city of Aksu (Pavlodar Region)
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Sergazinova Zarina , Chashin Anton , Toleuzhanova Aliya
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of inventory of green areas of park territories of Aksu city of Pavlodar region with the assessment of the condition of trees and shrubs. The analysis of each park out of available five parks was carried out, species, age and vital state of plants were determined, comparative assessment of park plantings was carried out. Differences were found not only in species and age composition, but also in the criteria of plant life state. The most stable plant communities are represented in the Central Park and Baranovsky Garden, which are the largest park territories of the city by area. In parks with smaller areas there are indicators of disturbed out of balance communities.
Effect of the partial replacement of wheat flour with a whole leave and a
chloroplast-rich fraction derived from holy basil leaves on the nutrient
composition, physical properties, and antioxidant activity of butter cookies
Authors: Wattanakul J. , Manakitlap N. , Sarawong C. , Norajit K. , Uthai N. , Julaya W.
Published: July 2024

Cookies are one of the most popular food products in the world. The demand for healthy
and quality food products has encouraged interest in innovative food ingredients. With
wheat flour as the main ingredient in cookies, they generally contain a low number of
phytochemical compounds. To reduce wheat flour usage in cookies, innovative
ingredients such as chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) derived from holy basil leaves can be
used as an alternative to increase the nutritional value. This research aimed to compare the
nutritional components of the whole leaf (WL) and CRF from holy basil leaves. The
variations of holy basil WL and CRF were 0% (control), 3% WL, 6% WL, 3% CRF and
6% CRF. The water activity, colour, spread ratio, texture, chlorophyll, carotenoid,
phenolic compound, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in these butter cookies. The
results showed that CRF derived from holy basil leaves had a higher amount of macro and
micronutrients than WL, except for fibre and carbohydrates. The cookies substituted with
6% CRF had the darkest green colour. The cookies substituted with 6% WL containing
higher fibre led to a decreased spread ratio and increased hardness of cookies. In addition,
the replacement of wheat flour with holy basil WL and CRF can enhance nutritional and
antioxidant values in bakery products. The butter cookies substituted with 6% WL showed
the highest concentration of phenolic; the cookies substituted with 6% CRF had the
highest contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and antioxidant activity.
Analysis of Clinical Teaching Difficulties and Countermeasures in Vascular Interventional Surgery
Authors: Sun Meng , Feng Xinli
Published: July 2024

Vascular interventional surgery, as a key branch in the continuous progress of modern medicine, mainly carries out the diagnosis and treatment of related vascular diseases through minimally invasive surgical methods and thus puts forward higher requirements for clinical teaching in this field. Combined with the actual situation of clinical teaching of Vascular interventional surgery at the present stage, it faces various challenges and difficulties, and the effect of knowledge teaching is unsatisfactory. Based on the analysis of the main difficulties in the teaching of Vascular interventional surgery are technical complexity, practical difficulty and equipment dependence. This study proposes targeted innovative countermeasures, aiming to provide a reference for improving the clinical teaching of Vascular interventional surgery.
The interpreted sentence preceded by the beginning of the interpretation (Al-Faa) and its implications In the hadiths of Sahih Muslim
Authors: Ata Rashed Deary Muhamad , Mustafa Hashim Muhamad
Published: July 2024

This presentation aims to clarify the explanatory sentence preceded by the beginning of (Al-Faa) and the statement of its connotations in the hadiths of Sahih Muslim, the sentence is the basic rule in Arabic grammar to understand the Arabic speech from which the linguistic construction proceeds, so it is not possible to understand any linguistic fabric until after understanding and studying the sentences formed by this fabric, and the explanatory sentence is revealing the ambiguity of the sentence that precedes it, which is associated with the letter of interpretation or abstract from it, in order to push the illusion and raise the thumb, and remove the ambiguity and problem in the intended meaning, and complete Statement and clarification after the thumb to sustain the process of communication, communication and dialogue.
It is clear to us through what we mentioned, that the faa is a letter of meanings, neglected non-working, useful arrangement, commentary and kindness, in addition to all that, most grammarians see that it is a letter that benefits the interpretation, and that (that) and (any) letters also benefit the interpretation, and this is what appeared to us in our study, and the student may get this meaning as a result of delving into the Arabic texts, whether in the Qur'anic expression or the hadiths of the Prophet or in poetic systems.
The nature of this research necessitated its establishment on three chapters advanced introduction and preamble and sealed with the results of the research and the list of sources and references, has been singled out for the introduction to the statement of the research problem and the importance of research and mentioned previous studies and close to the research, and mentioned the research methodology, and mentioned in the preamble the definition of search terms, the first section deals with the interpreted sentence preceded by the interpretation tool (alpha), and the second section deals with the places of fulfillment interpretive in the hadiths of Sahih Muslim, and the third section deals with the explanation of hadiths and statement of their implications and the study reached a number of results, with a list of Sources and references.
Najważniejsze z gdańskich dokonań Przybyszewskiego – wedle jego samego
Authors: Linkner Tadeusz
Published: July 2024

Mowa tutaj o nieznanym artykule Przybyszewskiego. Pisarz zwraca w nim uwagę na swoje najważniejsze osiągnięcia w Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku: Gimnazjum Polskie w Gdańsku, Dom Polski i pomoc polskim studentom gdańskiej Politechniki. Pochwala także patriotyzm polskich kolejarzy i Kaszubów.
Solidarność we wspomnieniach ks. Eugeniusza Jankiewicza i o. Bronisława Sroki SI
Authors: Ihnatowicz Mateusz
Published: July 2024

W artykule opisano, jak przedstawieni duchowni rzymskokatoliccy: ksiądz świecki – ks. Eugeniusz Jankiewicz oraz ojciec zakonny – jezuita o. Bronisław Sroka SI widzieli rodzącą się Solidarność oraz w jaki sposób włączyli się w jej działalność. Poznanie ich postrzegania Solidarności było możliwe dzięki relacjom, które złożyli Instytutowi Dziedzictwa Solidarności w Gdańsku w 2021 r. W swych wypowiedziach duchowni szczególną uwagę zwrócili na konieczność udzielania różnorodnej posługi duszpasterskiej wynikającej z pełnienia przez nich funkcji kapłańskich. W świadectwie o. Sroki szczególne znaczenie ma czynnik narodowy. Obie relacje zawierają wspomnienia duchownych o odmiennych życiorysach.
Applications of Horadam Polynomials to a Class of Close-to-Convex Functions
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Waleed
Published: July 2024

In this study, we introduce and investigate a family of close-to-convex functions Sscc(λ,Ψ(x)) that associated with Horadam polynomials, functions in this family are defined with respect to symmetric conjugate points. The coefficient estimates of functions belonging to this family are derived. Moreover, we obtain the classical Fekete-Szegö inequality of functions belonging to this family.
PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI CAIR BERBASIS CHARCOAL DENGAN TEMPURUNG KEMIRI
Authors: Sari Ava Komala , Sulhatun Sulhatun , Suryati Suryati , Azhari Azhari , Sylvia Novy
Published: July 2024

AbstrakKarbon aktif (charcoal) adalah bahan baku yang dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan limbah cangkang kemiri. Limbah ini sering kali terjadi penumpukan sehingga perlu dilakukan penanggulangan yang nantinya akan menghasilkan manfaat yang memiliki nilai produk yang bebas dari bahaya serta ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sabun mandi cair yang berkomposisi baik, menguji kualitas sabun mandi cair dan pengaruh penambahan massa Charcoal dan minyak zaitun pomace terhadap nilai pH, uji organoleptik, uji ketahanan busa, dan uji ketinggian busa. Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum adalah penambahan massa charcoal tempurung kemiri yaitu 2, 5, 7, 12 gram dalam pembuatan sabun mandi cair yang akan dilihat dari penambahan massa charcoal tempurung kemiri terhadap karakteristik sabun mandi cair dengan waktu pengadukan 6, 8, 10, 12 menit. Ada beberapa tahapan proses pada penelitian ini, diantaranya tahap mempersiapkan bahan baku, tahap penyaringan charcoal, tahap menjadikan sabun mandi cair. Adapun beberapa massa charcoal yang dipakai ialah 2, 5, 7, 12 gram. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian nilai pH yang dihasilkan bersifat basa sesuai dengan nilai persyaratan pH sediaan sabun yaitu 8-9. Sabun mandi cair tidak menghasilkan busa karena sabun tidak tersaponifikasi sempurna dan kurangnya penambahan surfaktan.
PEMODELAN PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI HYSYS
Authors: Ulfa Tasya , ZA Nasrul , Fibarzi Wiza Ulfa , Nurlaila Rizka , Ulfa Raudhatul , Maulinda Leni
Published: July 2024

Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak bumi terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsumsi energi dunia. Namun peningkatan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan pasokan minyak bumi yang memadai. Hal ini dikarenakan minyak bumi merupakan bahan bakar yang tidak terbarukan karena proses pembentukannya memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Dibutuhkan sumber energi alternatif seperti biodiesel. Salah satu perangkat yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan simulasi proses dalam produksi biodiesel adalah software HYSYS. Penelitian ini  sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya menggunakan reactive distillation, yang belum dipernah dilakukan adalah menggunakan reaktor CSTR dan Separator. Pemisahan yang terjadi pada Separator menghasilkan biodiesel dengan tingkat kemurnian sebesar 99,74%.Tingkat kemurnian biodiesel tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode reactive distillation yang hanya menghasilkan kemurnian biodiesel sebesar 98%. Dengan memanfaatkan CSTR dan Separator meningkatkan efesien dalam menghasilkan tingkat kemurnian biodiesel yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini terbukti dengan perbandingan hasil yang menujukkan bahwa penggunaan CSTR dan Separator lebih baik dibandingkan reactive distillation. CSTR memiliki kelebihan yaitu operasi secara kontinyu, pengontrolan temperatur yang mudah dan biaya operasi relatif murah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa simulasi pada proses produksi biodiesel menggunakan CSTR dan Separator pengganti reactive distillation. Penggunaan CSTR dan Separator dalam produksi biodiesel dapat memberikan manfaat yaitu penghematan energi dimana energi yang keluar dari CSTR sebesar 307,6oC dapat digunakan kembali pada heat exchanger sebesar 192oC sehingga tidak  ada energi yang terbuang sia-sia sehingga biaya produksi akan menjadi lebih efesien. Pemisahan yang terjadi pada Separator menghasilkan biodiesel dengan tingkat kemurnian sebesar 99,74% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode reactive distillation yang hanya menghasilkan kemurnian biodiesel sebesar 98%.
Karakterisasi Karbon Aktif Dari Limbah Padat Nilam Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Aktivator
Authors: Harahap Nurul Aulia , Kurniawan Eddy , Ginting Zainuddin , Muhammad Muhammad , Dewi Rozanna
Published: July 2024

Meskipun tersedia secara luas, namun limbah penyulingan minyak nilam belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan mungkin dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan awal produksi karbon aktif. Zat amorf yang dikenal sebagai "karbon aktif" dibuat dari bahan yang mengandung karbon atau mengandung arang yang telah melalui proses tertentu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi aktivator KOH yang optimal berbahan baku limbah padat nilam. Meskipun penelitian ini telah dilakukan sebelumnya, namun belum pernah dilakukan dengan cara seperti ini: menggunakan bahan baku limbah padat nilam dengan konsentrasi aktivator KOH yang berbeda untuk mencari karbon aktif yang optimal pada konsentrasi aktivator 4M. Untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan karbon dan memiliki serapan yang baik, penelitian ini akan menerapkan teknik karbonisasi dan aktivasi. Pada penelitian ini, limbah padat nilam dikarbonisasi pada suhu 300°C. Produk karbonisasi selanjutnya diaktivasi menggunakan aktivator KOH, dengan ukuran karbon berbeda dan konsentrasi karbon 50 dan 100 mesh. Berdasarkan penelitian dan pengujian diperoleh persentase serapan terbesar sebesar 94,01% pada sampel 100 mesh, kadar abu terendah sebesar 1,78% pada sampel 100 mesh, dan hasil pengujian kadar air terendah sebesar 5,78% pada sampel 50 mesh. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas karbon aktif meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi larutan aktivator KOHMeskipun tersedia secara luas, namun limbah penyulingan minyak nilam belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan mungkin dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan awal produksi karbon aktif. Zat amorf yang dikenal sebagai "karbon aktif" dibuat dari bahan yang mengandung karbon atau mengandung arang yang telah melalui proses tertentu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi aktivator KOH yang optimal berbahan baku limbah padat nilam. Meskipun penelitian ini telah dilakukan sebelumnya, namun belum pernah dilakukan dengan cara seperti ini: menggunakan bahan baku limbah padat nilam dengan konsentrasi aktivator KOH yang berbeda untuk mencari karbon aktif yang optimal pada konsentrasi aktivator 4M. Untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan karbon dan memiliki serapan yang baik, penelitian ini akan menerapkan teknik karbonisasi dan aktivasi. Pada penelitian ini, limbah padat nilam dikarbonisasi pada suhu 300°C. Produk karbonisasi selanjutnya diaktivasi menggunakan aktivator KOH, dengan ukuran karbon berbeda dan konsentrasi karbon 50 dan 100 mesh. Berdasarkan penelitian dan pengujian diperoleh persentase serapan terbesar sebesar 94,01% pada sampel 100 mesh, kadar abu terendah sebesar 1,78% pada sampel 100 mesh, dan hasil pengujian kadar air terendah sebesar 5,78% pada sampel 50 mesh. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas karbon aktif meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi larutan aktivator KOH.
ADSORPSI RHODAMIN B MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN KARBON AKTIF DARI DAUN KETAPANG (TERMINALIA CATAPPA
Authors: Frandica Dandy , Masrullita Masrullita , Ulfa Raudhatul , Suryati Suryati , Sulhatun Sulhatun , Nurmalita Nurmalita
Published: July 2024

Adsorpsi ialah proses penyerapan molekul terlarut pada permukaan pori-pori. Daun ketapang mempunyai kandungan senyawa tanin, gugus hidroksil, dan gugus karboksil. Rhodamine B yang digunakan secara berlebihan dapat mempengaruhi fotosintesis dan pH air.Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisa pengaruh ukuran partikel dan massa adsorben terhadap persen penyerapan dan kapasitas penyerapan serta uji gugus fungsi. Penelitian ini mengkaji kemampuan adsorben daun ketapang untuk menyerap zat pewarna sintetik rhodamin B dengan memvariasikan massa dan ukuran partikel adsorben daun ketapang yang teraktivasi asam fosfat (H3PO4).Proses pembuatan adsorben daun ketapang dikarbonisasi dengan suhu 300oC selama 1 jam, diayak dengan ukuran 40, 60, 80 dan 100 mesh, diaktivasi dengan asam fosfat 10% selama  24 jam. Daun ketapang yang telah diaktivasi dengan variasi massa adsorben 0,3; 0,5; 0,7 dan 0,9 gram. Adsorpsi berlangsung 90 menit dan adsorbansi diukur dengan alat spektofotometer UV-Vis. Karakterisasi karbon aktif diuji dengan alat FTIR untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum pada adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben daun ketapang adalah 3321,62 mg/g,. Efisiensi adsorpsi maksimum pada adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben daun ketapang adalah 99,87%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah massa adsorben berbanding terbalik terhadap kapasitas penyerapan sedangkan ukuran partikel berbanding lurus dengan kapasitas penyerapan dan massa serta ukuran partikel adsorben berbanding lurus dengan efesiensi penyerapan.
EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI LIMBAH KULIT PISANG KEPOK (MUSA PARADISACA) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ASAM ASETAT
Authors: Sari Leny Permata , Bahri Syamsul , Muhammad Muhammad , Suryati Suryati , Azhari Azhari
Published: July 2024

Abstrak1Komoditas pisang di Indonesia menduduki tempat pertama di antara jenis buah-buahan lainnya, baik dari segi luas pertanamannya maupun dari segi produksinya. Buah pisang sangat digemari untuk dikonsumsi baik secara langsung sebagai buah segar ataupun sebagai produk olahan. Saat ini kulit pisang digunakan untuk pakan ternak atau hanya dibuang sebagai limbah rumahan atau industri. Pemanfaatan kulit pisang tersebut kurang optimal, padahal kulit pisang mengandung komponen yang bermanfaat bagi manusia, termasuk kandungan pektin yang ada didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh waktu, serta temperatur terhadap kadar pektin yang didapatkan dan mengetahui pengaruh pelarut terhadap pengujian kadar pektin yang sesuai dengan parameter SNI. Proses ektraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut asam asetat dan kemudian dilakukan perendaman menggunakan etanol 96%. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang menjadi pembeda dari penelitian sebelumnya adalah variabel waktu ektraksi yang digunakan adalah 70, 80, 90 dan 120 menit, sedangkan suhu ektraksi yang digunakan adalah 70℃, 80℃ dan 90℃, dengan konsentrasi larutan 0,05N. Parameter yang dianalisa adalah kadar produk, kadar air, kadar metoksil, kadar asam galakturonat, dan uji FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil yang paling optimum didapat dari variabel waktu ektraksi adalah 120 menit dan suhu ektraksi adalah 90℃ dengan hasil uji analisa kadar pektin 18,534%, berat ekivalen 909 mg, kadar metoksil 9,45%, kadar asam galakturonat 80,84%, kadar air 0,4475.Kata Kunci : Ekstraksi, Kadar, Kulit pisang, Suhu, Waktu.
Edukasi K3 Bidang Kelistrikan Bagi Anak-Anak di Desa Cot Mee, Kecamatan Nisam, Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Nurfebruary Nanda Sitti , Nisa Fidyatun , Ikhwani Muhammad , Dian Putri Yohana , Maimunah Siti , Rosnita Lidya
Published: July 2024

Pengetahuan mengenai Kesehatan dan Keselamat Kerja (K3) bidang kelistrikan sangat penting dalam kehidupan sekarang ini. Ditambah lagi dengan semakin banyaknya penggunaan peralatan elektronik. Ketergantungan pada listrik tidak hanya terbatas pada aktivitas rumah tangga, tetapi juga berdampak pada anak-anak yang tentunya bisa membahayakan bagi anak-anak tersebut jika tidak dibekali dengan pemahaman yang baik mengenai penggunaan peralatan elektronik. Desa Cot Mee merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Nisam, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, Provinsi Aceh memiliki kurang lebih 50 anak-anak usia sekolah dalam rentang usia 5-14 tahun. Kegiatan sehari-hari banyak dihabiskan dengan menggunakan peralatan elektronik dan juga kegiatan bermain di luar ruangan yang dekat area aliran listrik seperti gardu listrik. Apabila anak-anak tidak diberikan pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan peralatan elektronik yang benar, maka akan sangat rentan terhadap kecelakaan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk mengedukasi K3 kelistrikan bagi anak-anak di Desa Cot Mee. Diharapkan melalui kegiatan edukasi ini, anak-anak di Desa Cot Mee menjadi lebih paham tentang K3 kelistrikan dan selalu waspada terhadap pengunaan peralatan elektronik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Sosialisasi Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (Fosfor) Berbahan Dasar Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok dan Limbah Cucian Beras di Gampong Pinto Makmur, Kecamatan Muara Batu, Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Sylvia Novi , Dewi Rozanna , Hasfita Fikri , Maulinda Leni , Fibarzi Wiza Ulfa , ZA Nasrul
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK Limbah kulit pisang kepok dan air sisa cucian beras merupakan limbah organik yang dapat diubah menjadi pupuk organik cair yang berguna bagi tanaman. Sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk pembuatan pupuk organic air yang kaya kandungan fosfor berbahan baku limbah kulit pisang dan limbah air cucian beras. Proses pembuatan pupuk melibatkan pencampuran air cucian beras, limbah kulit pisang kepok, effective microorganisme, dan gula merah. Pupuk ini dapat digunakan oleh Para petani di Gampong Pinto Makmur yang kekurangan pupuk NPK subsidi sebagai alternatif. Sejauh ini pemanfaatan kulit pisang dan air cucian beras sebagai bahan dasar POC belum tersebar luas informasinya. Tim pengabdian dari Universitas Malikussaleh mengadakan sosialisasi pembuatan POC tersebut. Pupuk ini dapat diimplementasikan oleh petani  di daerah tersebut.
Examining the Link between the ‘Middle Means Typical’ Heuristic and Answer Behavior
Authors: Stefkovics Ádám , Höhne Jan Karem
Published: July 2024

Question interpretation in web surveys may not only depend on the textual content but also on visual design aspects. Research has shown that respondents seem to make use of interpretative heuristics when answering questions potentially influencing their answer behavior. In this study, we investigate the implications of the ‘middle means typical’ (MMT) heuristic, which suggests that respondents perceive the middle option of a scale as the most typical one. For this purpose, we use data from a survey experiment embedded in the probability-based German Internet Panel (N = 4,679) varying the inclusion of a non-substantive “Don’t know” option (with or without separation from the substantive options) and scale polarity (unipolar or bipolar). The four questions under investigation were adopted from the Big5 inventory dealing with agreeableness and openness. The results suggest that the MMT heuristic has a minor impact on answer behavior, as the separation of non-substantive options did not affect answer distributions and response times (as a measure of response effort). However, scale polarity influenced answer behavior and response times. Similar to what has been observed in previous studies, unipolar scales elicited more middle answers and bipolar scales elicited more positive answers. Bipolar scales also resulted in longer response times. Although design violations against the MMT heuristic do not seem to impact answer behavior, we still recommend exercising caution when designing scales with non-substantive options. We also highlight the necessity of testing scales differing with respect to polarity.
Hubungan antara FoMO dengan kecenderungan nomophobia pada mahasiswa
Authors: Yarni Kurnia Febri , Ifdil Ifdil
Published: July 2024

          Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena mahasiswa yang semakin lama semkain ketergantungan akan smartphone, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan FoMO pada mahasiswa (2) mendeskripsikan kecenderungan nomophobia pada mahasiswa  (3) mendeskripsikan hubungan antara FoMO dengan kecenderungan nomophobia pada mahasiswa serta mengidentifikasi keduanya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dan korelasional. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 500 mahasiswa yang terdiri dari mahasiswa Departemen Bimbingan dan Konseling FIP UNP tahun masuk 2019, 2020, dan 2021. dengan sampel sebanyak 222 mahasiswa yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen FoMO sebanyak 18 item pernyataan yang sudah diuji validitasnya dan diuji reliabilitasnya dan instrumen kecenderungan nomophobia sebanyak 32 item pernyataan. Data diolah menggunakan teknik analisis persentase dan dianalisis menggunakan rumus Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) FoMO mahasiswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase (53,60%), (2)kecenderungan nomophobia mahasiswa berada pada kategori sedang  dengan persentase (63,51%), (3)  hasil analisis korelasi terdapat hubungan signifikan antara FoMO (X) dengan kecenderungan nomophobia (Y) dengan nilai r hitung sebesar 0,048 dengan taraf signifikansi sebesar <0,001 pada tingkat hubungan sangat rendah.
Kemajuan teknologi dan tantangan tradisi studi kasus mengeksplorasi peran komunikasi keluarga tokoh agama di kota padang dalam membentuk etika generasi post gen z
Authors: Zaqia Afri Nur , Arif Ernita , Sarmiati Sarmiati
Published: July 2024

Generasi Z merupakan generasi pertama yang sejak dini sudah terpapar oleh teknologi. Teknologi-teknologi tersebut berupa komputer atau media elektronik lainnya seperti telepon seluler, jaringan internet, bahkan aplikasi media sosial. Dampak negative dari perkembangan teknologi ini menyebabkan perubahan tingkah laku dan etika mereka menurun. Lingkungan pertama dan utama yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anak untuk mengontrol kemajuan teknologi ini adalah lingkungan keluarga, keluarga menjadi faktor utama bagi anak-anak untuk mulai menerima berbagai pendidikan yang pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemajuan teknologi dan tantangan tradisi cukup mempengaruhi etika dan pola komunikasi yang harus diterapkan oleh tokoh agama di Kota Padang, baik dengan komunikasi langsung dan aturan atau dengan cara diskusi dan terbukanya diskusi bersama anak generasi post gen Z.
Majasi berkelok: mengembangkan kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran inklusif di sekolah menengah
Authors: Famella Shelvie , Monia Fenny Ayu , Anita Anita
Published: July 2024

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the local wisdom-based inclusive school learning management model on students in inclusive classrooms. The focus of the research also includes assessing whether the character values contained in Gurindam Dua Belas can be applied in everyday life by students. The method used is observation with indicators that include character values such as Islam, behavior/faith, social, character, usefulness, ethics, leadership, and leadership. The results of the observation recapitulation show positive changes in student behavior in inclusive classes and an increase in character values. Furthermore, the local wisdom-based inclusive school learning management model book has been declared valid and practical by education experts. The practicality of this model has also been tested and approved by users. The results indicate that this management model has the potential to improve learning effectiveness in inclusive schools and promote better character values in students.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK KOHE KAMBING YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN BIOAKTIVATOR Streptomyces sp. TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM TANAMAN CABAI
Authors: Nurizal Imam , Petrunella Thei Ruth Stella , Muthahanas Irwan
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kohe kambing yang difermentasi dengan bioaktivator Streptomyces sp. terhadap penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium sp. pada tanaman cabai (C. frutescens). Percobaan dilaksanakan di sawah milik petani pada bulan Mei - September 2023, di Kelurahan Surya Wangi, Kecamatan Labuhan Haji, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan yaitu T0 (Tanpa pemberian pupuk), B0 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing tanpa penambahan bioaktivator), BA1 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + SH + BSI), BA2 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + SH + BSC), BA3 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + BSI + BSC), dan BA4 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + SH + BSI + BSC) dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali sehingga didapatkan 36 unit petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada parameter insiden penyakit fusarium, jumlah buah, serta bobot buah menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata.
PEMANFAATAN PUPUK KASCING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN HORTIKULTURA
Authors: Damaita Iz , Mustikarini Eries Dyah , Khodijah Nyayu Siti
Published: July 2024

Horticultural crops are plants that are very important for food production. This plant makes a significant contribution to food supply, nutrition and the global economy. The aim of this Scientific Journal is to analyze the use of vermicompost fertilizer and its contents in horticultural crop production. This Scientific Journal was prepared using a descriptive method, namely by conducting a literature study consisting of reviewing various literature using the literature study method and drawing conclusions. Horticultural plants can be cultivated by providing various types of fertilizer and with the right dosage, one of which is organic vermicompost fertilizer which contains organic N, P and C which is good for Teruma plants to support the vegetative period and enter the production period. Vermicompost fertilizer has also been tested with various types of horticultural plants such as mustard greens, eggplant, cabbage and others. The combination of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer gave maximum results on fruit weight and number of fruit on eggplant plants compared to other organic fertilizers, for fresh weight of Pakcoy mustard greens while the effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer showed maximum results. Treatment of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer. Vermicompost and NPK fertilizers which provide maximum results are a harvest index of 1.45 which is produced when compared with treatments of manure, Za, Urea and also Kayabio biological fertilizer.