bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased thermal tolerance under recurrent heat stress conditions explains summer mass mortality of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis
Authors: Seuront Laurent , Nicastro Katy R. , Zardi Gerardo I. , Goberville Eric
Published: November 2019

Extreme events such as heat waves have increased in frequency and duration over the last decades. Under future climate scenarios, these discrete climatic events are expected to become even more recurrent and severe. Heat waves are particularly important on rocky intertidal shores, one of the most thermally variable and stressful habitats on the planet. Intertidal mussels, such as the blue musselMytilus edulis, are ecosystem engineers of global ecological and economic importance, that occasionally suffer mass mortalities. This study investigates the potential causes and consequences of a mass mortality event ofM. edulisthat occurred along the French coast of the eastern English Channel in summer 2018. We used an integrative, climatological and ecophysiological methodology based on three complementary approaches. We first showed that the observed mass mortality (representing 49 to 59% of the annual commercial value of local recreational and professional fisheries combined) occurred under relatively moderate heat wave conditions. This result indicates thatM. edulisbody temperature is controlled by non-climatic heat sources instead of climatic heat sources, as previously reported for intertidal gastropods. Using biomimetic loggers (i.e. ‘robomussels’), we identified four periods of 5 to 6 consecutive days whenM. edulisbody temperatures consistently reached more than 30 °C, and occasionally more than 35 °C and even more than 40 °C. We subsequently reproduced these body temperature patterns in the laboratory to inferM. edulisthermal tolerance under conditions of repeated heat stress. We found that thermal tolerance consistently decreased with the number of successive daily exposures. These results are discussed in the context of an era of global change where heat events are expected to increase in intensity and frequency, especially in the eastern English Channel where the low frequency of commercially exploitable mussels already questions both their ecological and commercial sustainability.
Author Correction: Nickel chelation therapy as an approach to combat multi-drug resistant enteric pathogens
Authors: Benoit Stéphane L. , Schmalstig Alan A. , Glushka John , Maier Susan E. , Edison Arthur S. , Maier Robert J.
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Evaluation of dual electrode configurations for microchip electrophoresis used for voltammetric characterization of electroactive species
Authors: Gunasekara Dulan B. , Wijesinghe Manjula B. , Pichetsurnthorn Pann , Lunte Susan M.
Published: November 2019

Dual-channel/dual-parallel electrode configuration for microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection for voltammetric characterization of electrochemically active analytes in biological samples.
Biomass-derived ordered mesoporous carbon nano-ellipsoid encapsulated metal nanoparticles inside: ideal nanoreactors for shape-selective catalysis
Authors: Liu Jinrong , Xie Lei , Wang Zhe , Mao Shanjun , Gong Yutong , Wang Yong
Published: November 2019

Ordered mesoporous nano-ellipsoids were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass derivatives. Their multifunctional features have been demonstrated and the ability of encapsulating metal nanoparticles (NPs) is presented.
Large scale epitaxial graphite grown on twin free nickel(111)/spinel substrate
Authors: Lu Zonghuan , Sun Xin , Xiang Yu , Wang Gwo-Ching , Washington Morris A. , Lu Toh-Ming
Published: November 2019

Large scale, single crystalline graphite with millimeter size domain is achieved using a LPCVD process with a temperature below 925 °C.
Complex transitions between dihydrate and anhydrate forms of ectoine – unexpected behavior of a highly hygroscopic compatible solute in the solid state
Authors: Hützler Wilhelm Maximilian , Mossou Estelle , Vollrath Ronnald , Kohagen Miriam , El Ghrissi Imadine , Grininger Martin , Zaccai Giuseppe , Smiatek Jens , Oesterhelt Dieter
Published: November 2019

Crystallizing the compatible solute ectoine from water yields a metastable dihydrate that readily degrades to a highly hygroscopic anhydrate at ambient conditions; this strange behavior is examined and a rationale is presented.
A binder-free high silicon content flexible anode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Fu Jinzhou , Wang Chao , Wang Jiangyan , Yang Ankun , Li Caicai , Sun Qingfeng , Cui Yi , Li Huiqiao
Published: November 2019

A high performance, binder-free flexible silicon electrode with high Si content up to 92% is developed for lithium ion batteries with a novel cellulose-based topological microscroll structure.
Multi-component solvent-free cascade reaction of 2-cyanoacetamides: regioselective synthesis of pyridin-2-ones bearing quaternary centers
Authors: Kong Lingbin , Huang Rong , He Haodan , Fan Yunxiang , Lin Jun , Yan Shengjiao
Published: November 2019

A novel protocol has been constructed for the synthesis of four types of pyridin-2-ones via multicomponent solvent-free cascade reactions of 2-cyanoacetamides, various ketones, and acetone.
A closer look at the defects and luminescence of nanocrystalline fluorides synthesized via ionic liquids: the case of Ce3+-doped BaF2
Authors: Sharma Rahul Kumar , Chouryal Yogendra Nath , Slesarev Anatoly I. , Ivanovskikh Konstantin V. , Leonidov Ivan I. , Nigam Sandeep , Ghosh Pushpal
Published: November 2019

Phase pure BaF2 doped with Ce3+ (0.1%) nanocrystals are synthesized using an ionic liquid (IL) ([C4mim][BF4]) assisted solvothermal method where the IL is not only used as a reaction medium and a capping agent, but also as a reaction partner.
NanoMuscle: controllable contraction and extension of mechanically interlocked DNA origami
Authors: Chao Yu-Chen , Hong Yu-Jun , Lee Chieh-Yu , Zhuang Shao-Chien , Wu Meng-Ting , Lee You-Yi , Lee Hua-Yun , He You-Sheng , Yu Hsing-Yi , Huang Yang-Zhe , Chern Edward , Jiang Hong-Ren
Published: November 2019

NanoMuscle is able to switch between its thermodynamic bistable states, where each state corresponds to NanoMuscle's contracted or extended conformation.
Strain-induced phase transition and giant piezoelectricity in monolayer tellurene
Authors: Cai Xueru , Ren Yangyang , Wu Menghao , Xu Dongwei , Luo Xiaobing
Published: November 2019

Non-centrosymmetric monolayer α-phase tellurene is demonstrated to be a stable phase under a small tensile strain and possesses giant and tunable piezoelectricity.
Multi-scale observations of thermal non-equilibrium cycles in coronal loops
Authors: Froment C. , Antolin P. , Henriques V. M. J. , Kohutova P. , Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M.
Published: November 2019

Context. Thermal non-equilibrium (TNE) is a phenomenon that can occur in solar coronal loops when the heating is quasi-constant and highly-stratified. Under such heating conditions, coronal loops undergo cycles of evaporation and condensation. The recent observations of ubiquitous long-period intensity pulsations in coronal loops and their relationship with coronal rain have demonstrated that understanding the characteristics of TNE cycles is an essential step in constraining the circulation of mass and energy in the corona.

Aims. We report unique observations with the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) that link the captured thermal properties across the extreme spatiotemporal scales covered by TNE processes.

Methods. Within the same coronal loop bundle, we captured 6 h period coronal intensity pulsations in SDO/AIA and coronal rain observed off-limb in the chromospheric Hα and Ca II K spectral lines with SST/CRISP and SST/CHROMIS. We combined a multi-thermal analysis of the cycles with AIA and an extensive spectral characterisation of the rain clumps with the SST.

Results. We find clear evidence of evaporation-condensation cycles in the corona which are linked with periodic coronal rain showers. The high-resolution spectroscopic instruments at the SST reveal the fine-structured rain strands and allow us to probe the cooling phase of one of the cycles down to chromospheric temperatures.

Conclusions. These observations reinforce the link between long-period intensity pulsations and coronal rain. They also demonstrate the capability of TNE to shape the dynamics of active regions on the large scales as well as on the smallest scales currently resolvable.
Generation of massive stellar black holes by rapid gas accretion in primordial dense clusters
Authors: Roupas Zacharias , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: November 2019

Supernova theory suggests that black holses of a stellar origin cannot attain masses in the range of 50−135 solar masses in isolation. We argue here that this mass gap is filled in by black holes that grow by gas accretion in dense stellar clusters, such as protoglobular clusters. The accretion proceeds rapidly, during the first 10 megayears of the cluster life, before the remnant gas is depleted. We predict that binaries of black holes within the mass gap can be observed by LIGO.
Edges of overlying seams as a factor responsible for strong mining tremors occurrence during underground hard coal extraction in the light of seismic moment tensor inversion method
Authors: Wojtecki Łukasz , Mirek Adam , Dzik Grażyna
Published: November 2019

Physical processes occurring in the focus of tremor can be identified by solving a focal mechanism via the seismic moment tensor inversion method. In this article the estimation of focal mechanisms of strong mining tremors (according to Polish law tremors of energy higher or equal 1·105 J), which occurred during longwall mining of coal seam no. 507 in one of the hard coal mines in the Polish part of Upper Silesian Coal Basin was performed. Totally 7 strong mining tremors with the local magnitude from 1.84 to 2.52 were analysed. The most probable geomechanical processes in the foci of these tremors have been reconstructed. An attempt to determine the correlation between the edges of overlying seams no. 502, 504 or 506 and strong mining tremors occurrence has been made. The strike of determined nodal planes is in accordance with the azimuth of mentioned edges. The difference between them (absolute value) varies from 0.3° to 34.1° (on average approximately 19°).
VSP data inversion for vertical velocity gradient and elliptical anisotropy model
Authors: Gierlach Bartosz , Danek Tomasz , Kaderali Ayiaz
Published: November 2019

Inversion of velocity parameters for the walkaway VSP data in a multilayered medium can be impeded by velocity gradients and anisotropy in some layers. A problem occurs if we compare velocities obtained from borehole seismic profiling which are equal to their vertical components with the velocities calculated with paths coming from far offsets where the horizontal component plays an important role, especially when the vertical gradient exists and the ray paths are curve-shaped. In this contribution we present the results of velocity model inversion for VSP data considering velocity gradient and elliptical anisotropy. The algorithm consists of two steps, optimization of velocity parameters and optimization of ray paths for the given model. Both procedures use the Nelder-Mead simplex method which finds local minima. Due to the character of optimization we performed also multistart analysis which can provide information about possible equivalences between parameters. Analysis was conducted for different parameterizations, in some cases allowing introduction of additional parameters: vertical gradient and elliptical anisotropy coefficient. The optimal model for a specific set of data is chosen with the help of Bayesian Information Criterion to balance complexity of model with quality of approximation of traveltimes.
Reference P-wave velocity in coal seams at great depths in Jastrzebie coal mine
Authors: Kokowski Jakub , Szreder Zbigniew , Pilecka Elżbieta
Published: November 2019

In the study, the determining of the reference velocity of the P-wave in coal seams used in seismic profiling to assess increases and decreases in relative stresses at large depths has been presented. The seismic profiling method proposed by Dubinski in 1989 covers a range of depth up to 970 m. At present, coal seams exploitation in Polish coal mines is conducted at greater depths, even exceeding 1200 m, which creates the necessity for a new reference velocity model. The study presents an empirical mathematical model of the change of the P-wave velocity in coal seams in the geological conditions of the Jastrzebie coal mine. A power model analogous to the Dubinski’s one was elaborated with new constants. The calculations included the results from 35 measurements of seismic profiling carried out in various coal seams of the Jastrzebie mine at depths from 640 to 1200 m. The results obtained cause changes in the result of calculations of seismic anomalies. Future validation of the proposed model with larger data set will be required.
Assessment of the climate changes evolution for the long-term safety of the radioactive waste repository in the Czech Republic
Authors: Camfrlová Markéta
Published: November 2019

Nuclear energy accounts for a significant part of the total energy production in the Czech Republic, which is currently facing a problem dealing with the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and the spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Deep repository is the safest option for storage of HLW. Rock environment of the area must guarantee the stability of the deep geological repository for at least 100,000 years. The aim of the research is a long-term evaluation of the climatic changes of the hypothetical area of interest, which corresponds to the candidate sites for deep geological repository in the Czech Republic. The occurrences of endogenous and exogenous phenomena, which could affect site stability, were evaluated. Concerning exogenous processes, research focuses mainly on the assessment of climatic effects. The climate scenarios for the Central Europe were examined – global climate change, glaciation, and the depth of permafrost as well as CO2 increase.
La luminescence : un bref éclairage sur une méthode de datation pour l’archéologie
Authors: Guibert Pierre
Published: November 2019

La datation par luminescence repose sur la capacité des minéraux à stocker l’énergie provenant des particules émises par la radioactivité naturelle. Il est ainsi possible de dater la dernière exposition à la lumière d’un minéral ou encore son dernier chauffage.

Nous présentons ici les bases physiques et les récents développements de cette méthode de datation, plus proche de la réalité des situations archéologiques, telle que la prise en compte des effets de l’altération des objets dans le sol. L’analyse d’un grain unique permet de dater des évènements correspondant à une brève exposition du grain à la lumière, comme la fabrication des mortiers de construction.
Public opinion in Slovakia about physical punishment of children
Authors: Uhnakova Dominika , Levicka Jana
Published: November 2019

Not so long ago, when the issue of physical punishment of children was not discussed at all. Progress occurred in the second half of the 20th century when children began to be perceived as authentic and legally protected beings. Over the past two decades we have seen an international shift in perspectives concerning the physical punishment of children. In 1990, research showing an association between physical punishment and negative developmental outcomes was starting to accumulate, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child had just been adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations. The aim of our research was to find out how citizens of the Slovak Republic perceive physical punishments of children and how they apply them in the educational process. We have found out whether opinions on physical punishments are varied according to gender, education and religion of respondents. The research has been conducted using a quantitative research strategy. In order to collect the data a questionnaire was used. The survey sample consisted of 168 respondents. The data obtained was processed and analyzed using the SPSS program. Significant differences were confirmed from the point of view of education – respondents with lower education preferred physical punishment more than respondents with higher education. It is important for parents, to realize that the use of educational methods, such as explanation, persuasion, demand, or personal example is the base for achieving educational goals.
Mapping method in research of drug crime regional criminological features (Ukraine taken as an example)
Authors: Babenko Andriy , Tarasenko Ruslan , Ostrohliadov Oleksandr
Published: November 2019

General national average drug crime rates on which the contemporary criminological theory and practice is based do not adequately reflect regional peculiarities in the field of illicit drug trafficking as they level high quality/quantity parameters in some areas and their lower values in others. Still, consideration of only national totals in organization of crime counteraction leads to incomplete information, neglecting its negative trends in certain areas, thus, causing aberration of the actual drug crime situation and using improper countermeasures. Under such circumstances the state law enforcement agencies do not operate preemptively against the illicit drug trafficking, do not contain in due time outbreaks of drug crime in certain areas- crime donors, and, as a result, the efficiency of steps aimed at drug addiction prevention as well as crime limitation in total becomes substantively deteriorated. Criminological mapping method enables the territorial police divisions to monitor existing criminological situation, inform the public and other law enforcement agencies on trends and locations of drug crime expansion, and reveal the most affected areas to be able to react promptly to crime pattern changes in regions. The application of this method enabled the evident demonstration of the fact that in Ukraine the Eastern and Southern areas were most affected by drug crime, wherein the affection factor in this part is twice higher than general national value.
Legislative framework of in-house procurement
Authors: Krivins Anatolijs
Published: November 2019

The article “Legislative Framework of In-house Procurement” examines the importance of the concept of the in-house transactions in Public Procurement. The purpose of the work is to analyse the Legislative Framework from the perspective of the principle of free competition. The study of free competition is based on works and the main ideas of the following authors: Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus, John Stuart Mill, John Maynard Keynes, Friedrich August von Hayek and Milton Friedman. Having done the analysis of the EU directives and regulations concerning In-house Procurement (Directive 2014/24/EU; Directive 2014/25/EU; Directive 2013/34/EU; Case C-107/98, Case C-26/03, Case C-84/03, Case C-295/05, Case C-480/06, Case C-324/07, Case C-573/07, Case C-196/08, Case C182/11 and C183/11), as well as normative regulations of several countries, the author made a conclusion, that In-house Procurement contains considerable threats to the principle of free competition in Public Procurement. In-house Procurement contains considerable threats to the principle of free competition in Public Procurement. The data obtained confirm this hypothesis. The results obtained allow us to develop recommendations for the Legislative Framework of In-house Procurement. The results of the research can be used by procurement theoreticians and practitioners.
Medical practitioner's legal regulations in the practice from urban-rural development perspective
Authors: Karina Palkova
Published: November 2019

The role of medical practitioners in community safety area is huge. Especially huge responsibility medical practitioners have in medical treatment process from the point of view of treatment quality and legal liability. Medical practitioners are professionals regardless of territoriality. The mission and functions they perform do not depend on practice place. The responsibility is equal in both urban and rural level. To protect community safety from the medical practitioners' perspectives they should know their own rights, as well as patient's rights in healthcare. From the particular legal regulations arise duties and responsibilities of medical practitioners, which are described in the paper. The aim of the research is to study legislation that regulates medical practitioner‘s rights and duties in Latvia. The task of the paper is to study the characteristics of rights of medical practitioners in Latvia and the medical practitioner's knowledge of patients' rights in Latvia. In the research, the author has used general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, modelling, comparative method, inductive and deductive method, methods of interpretation of legal norms – grammatical, teleological, historical, as well as empirical method – survey. The paper describes the most important legal regulations in medical practitioner's activity, as well as defines problems and provides potential solutions that are necessary to protect community's safety. The results of the paper show that the regulatory framework exists in the field of healthcare of Latvia. Also in the field of professional activity, legal regulations exist, which govern the professional activity of medical practitioners. They are included in various law sectors (civil rights, labour rights, criminal rights, etc.). Apart from that, there exist a large number of legislative regulations of national level, which govern the professional activities of medical practitioners (special laws and Cabinet Regulations). It should be noted, that the competences of medical practitioners are not consolidated, but stipulated in separate legislative provision for each group of medical practitioners (for a doctor, doctor's assistant, nurse, etc.). The medical practitioner's knowledge of patients' rights is not good enough, especially in rural areas of Latvia.
Physical activity in healthy urban adults and its association with body composition parameters
Authors: Lagzdina Rudite , Rumaka Maija
Published: November 2019

An adequate amount of physical activity (PA) in adults improves cardio-respiratory fitness, metabolic health and helps maintain a normal body weight and composition. Here we examined sex- and occupation-related PA patterns and their association with body composition parameters. Healthy volunteers (n = 97) aged 21–49 years completed a self-administered PA questionnaire and characterized their occupational duties depending on the volume of the physical work involved. A bio-impedance analyser was used to determine body composition. Men reported more metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes/week of vigorous PA than women (p < 0.05). Participants with low occupational PA had less walking, moderate and total MET minutes/week, and more sitting time than those with moderate and vigorous occupational PA (p < 0.05), but their body composition parameters did not differ. In males, negative correlations were found between body fat percentage, visceral fat range, segmental fat mass, and moderate MET minutes/week, whereas positive associations were observed between muscle mass in legs and vigorous MET minutes/week (p<0.05). In females, negative correlations were found between visceral fat and vigorous MET minutes/week but positive – between lean body mass, trunk and leg muscle mass, and moderate PA (p < 0.05). These observed associations might be used to develop interventions to promote sex- and occupation-specific PA.
3D dissection tools in Anatomage supported interactive human anatomy teaching and learning
Authors: Kazoka Dzintra , Pilmane Mara
Published: November 2019

The main aim of this study is to present the usage and importance of 3D dissection tools in the teaching and learning of Anatomy and to describe and explain our experience with Anatomage Table in Human Anatomy studies at Rıga Stradiņš University. In 2017–2018 two 3D dissection tools (scalpels) were used every week in work with Anatomage Table during the practical classes. As methods for collecting data were used discussions between students and teachers. Together 200 students of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry were involved in this study. It was possible to create incisions and cuts in order to remove and uncover different layers of organic tissues, to move deep inside step by step and find out which structures it was necessary to look for. Afterwards students showed that they were able to place the organs back and reattach the bones, muscles, blood vessels in the body and put the skin back on. Students enjoyed virtual tools in the practical classes and learned the material better. Virtual tools helped students and tutors to easily understand and memorize different anatomy structures. 3D scalpels were useful for different education activities, but the learning experience may be suitable further for the study of real materials.
Experience of persons with epilepsy in labour market
Authors: Pivoriene Jolanta , Sediene Polina
Published: November 2019

The goal of the article is to reveal how the right to work is implemented regarding persons with epilepsy by investigating their subjective experience. The article is based on qualitative research methodology. By using content analysis three categories with subcategories were formulated: motivation (high motivation for employment, demotivating factors), experience in labour market (negative emotions during job interview, hiding the illness, consequences of hiding the illness, stress for possible seizure at work), relations with employers (expectations toward employers, stigmatized attitude of employers, stereotypical thinking). Research data shows that persons with epilepsy have high motivation in searching job and attempting to stay in labour market, because they want financial stability, safety and inclusion in social life. The main demotivating factors are painful experience during job interviews; not adjusted working conditions and environment. Persons with epilepsy experience negative emotions during job interviews, they hide their illness from employers as long as it is possible, but even after illness is discovered they constantly feel stress for possible seizure. Research participants have clear and specific expectations, they feel stigmatized, stereotypical attitudes to them, and want individualized approach to the situation, and adjustment of working conditions to their abilities.
The Relevance and Effectiveness of Adaptation Measures in Russian and Foreign Companies
Authors: Tikhonov A.I. , Konovalova V.G.
Published: November 2019

This article discusses current issues related to the adaptation of new employees in enterprises. Previously most companies did not attach serious importance to this, but over the past 20 years the use of adaptation programs as an effective personnel management tool has grown markedly in the world and Russian markets. We consider the main problems of creating and using new adaptation programs in the practice of Russian and foreign companies, because competent adaptation of personnel allows us to simplify the comfortable entry of new employees into the team and to ensure increased labor productivity. As a result of creating favorable psychological and social conditions, the goals of an individual person and the entire professional group come closer together.
Using Artificial Neural Networks for Equalizing Time Series Considering Seasonal Fluctuations
Authors: Vrbka J. , Horák J. , Machová V.
Published: November 2019

The objective of this contribution is to prepare a methodology of using artificial neural networks for equalizing time series when considering seasonal fluctuations on the example of the Czech Republic import from the People´s Republic of China. If we focus on the relation of neural networks and time series, it is possible to state that both the purpose of time series themselves and the nature of all the data are what matters. The purpose of neural networks is to record the process of time series and to forecast individual data points in the best possible way. From the discussion part it follows that adding other variables significantly improves the quality of the equalized time series. Not only the performance of the networks is very high, but the individual MLP networks are also able to capture the seasonal fluctuations in the development of the monitored variable, which is the CR import from the PRC.
Stock Market Crisis Identification as a Factor Ensuring Country’s Economic Security
Authors: Konovalova М.E. , Kuzmina O.Yu. , Vishnever V.Ya. , Salomatina S.Yu.
Published: November 2019

The article reviews the issues of the economic security of the country from the standpoint of identification of financial crises. The essence and content of a financial crisis are given, characteristic traits of a stock market bubble as an integral part of a stock market crisis are singled out. Special emphasis is laid on the study of the existing methods of identification and measurement of bubbles. The authors analyze the modern stock market crises, describe the Russian stock market vulnerability factors. The article evaluates the possibility for the origination of a stock market crisis in Russia on the modern stage resulting in the creation of a multi-factor stock market bubble identification model. The authors justify proposals and recommendations for the elimination of the existing Russian stock market problems aimed at removal of the economic security threats of the country.
Directions of Priority Industries Development as a Basis of Economy Modernization
Authors: Bulavko O.A. , Tuktarova L.R. , Nikulinа E.Yu.
Published: November 2019

Within the framework of this study the priority areas of the development of industries are considered as transformation technologies integrally distributed with the aim of effective implementation of the new industrial policy. The analysis of the identified problems is carried out and the consequences of the introduction of effective solutions for the real sector of the economy are examined. On the basis of the assessment the authors substantiate an approach to the study of the potential advantages of the directions of development of industrial policy in accordance with social needs and social values within the framework of a changing institutional paradigm stipulated by the transition to a new economic policy.
Individualization of Training Using the Resources of International Digital Platforms
Authors: Popov A.I. , Fedorenko R.V.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the definition of psychological and pedagogical conditions and design methods of formation of a creatively thinking specialist using international digital platforms. The following universal abilities making up a specialist's competitiveness are defined: creativity, digital literacy, and psychological stability. The importance of tolerance for international innovation is shown. The state and directions of development of education digitalization are analyzed. Psychological and pedagogical conditions are revealed, and provisions of the concept of training individualization are defined. A set of measures are considered to facilitate the passage of students personal educational trajectory. The experience of organizing individual creative development in the digital space of the Union state is described. The introduction of the developed theoretical and methodological conceptual provisions of training individualization will provide conditions for improving the quality of vocational education and training for the implementation of innovative programs in the framework of international cooperation.
“Mobilization of Ethnicity” as Europe-Asian Project: Constructing a Higher Education Policy
Authors: Tagirova N.F. , Sumburova E.I. , Zherdeva Yu.A. , Zotova A.S.
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the ethnic policy in the field of higher education in Russia between the First and Second World Wars. The "mobilization of ethnicity" in the educational policy of the first years of Soviet power is presented in the study as the "European-Asian project" of Soviet Russia - an attempt to create a single supranational economic, political and cultural space in a significant part of Eurasia. Based on the materials of the multicultural region of the Middle Volga region, the authors analyze the process of integration of the Volga peoples (Tatars, Mordovians and Chuvash) into the higher education system. The study showed that at the first stage of designing the new policy (1920s), the key direction was to provide ethnic groups with relative cultural autonomy (preserving and supporting national languages, religious customs and social traditions) in exchange for recognizing the legitimacy of the new government. At the second stage (1930s), the national educational policy of the state became more straightforward, integration processes intensified and, as a result, the mutual economic dependence of the capital and regions.
Multiple Coordination in Porphyrinoid Hybrid: Changing the Delocalization within the Extended π-System
Authors: Pawlicki Miłosz
Published: November 2019

π-Extended and strongly coupled chromophores are constantly explored because of their potential for finding a place in many fields of research focusing on both aspects – the fundamental knowledge and the application studies. The synthetic approach leading to controlled formation of porphyrinoid system with two coordination cores shows an alternative way for controlling the delocalization within the extended π-system. It drastically influences the optic response which after a basic initiator (reversibly) shifts the absorbance to the red region following the significant planarization that increases observed communication between two subunits. Even deeper modification can be done within the system by doping the obtained structure with boron(III) that in addition introduces another switching factor based on Lewis acidity of the introduced metalloid.
Inverse medium problem for a singular contrast
Authors: Serov V. , Tyni T.
Published: November 2019

We consider an inverse medium problem in two- and three-dimensional cases. Namely, we investigate the problem of reconstruction of unknown compactly supported refractive index (contrast) from L2 with a fixed positive wave number. The proof is based on the new estimates for the Green-Faddeev function in L∞ space. The main goal of this work is to prove a uniqueness result in the two- and three-dimensional cases and to discuss some possible constructive methods for solving the problem. Finally, we present some numerical examples to demonstrate the results in two dimensions.
Simultaneous measurement of anisotropic thermal conductivity and thermal boundary conductance of 2-dimensional materials
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Shahzadeh Mohammadreza , Pisana Simone
Published: November 2019

The rapidly increasing number of 2-dimensional (2D) materials that have been isolated or synthesized provides an enormous opportunity to realize new device functionalities. Whereas their optical and electrical characterizations have been more readily reported, quantitative thermal characterization is more challenging due to the difficulties with localizing heat flow. Optical pump-probe techniques that are well established for the study of bulk materials or thin films have limited sensitivity to in-plane heat transport, and the characterization of the thermal anisotropy that is common in 2D materials is, therefore, challenging. Here, we present a new approach to quantify the thermal properties based on the magneto-optical Kerr effect that yields quantitative insight into cross-plane and in-plane heat transport. The use of a very thin magnetic material as heater/thermometer increases in-plane thermal gradients without complicating the data analysis in spite of the layer being optically semitransparent. The approach has the added benefit that it does not require the sample to be suspended, providing insight into thermal transport in supported, devicelike environments. We apply this approach to measure the thermal properties of a range of 2D materials, which are of interest for device applications, including single-layer graphene, few-layer hexagonal boron nitride, single- and few-layer MoS2, and bulk MoSe2 crystal. The measured thermal properties will have important implications for thermal management in device applications.
The semantics of evaluational adjectives
Authors: Goddard Cliff , Taboada Maite , Trnavac Radoslava
Published: November 2019

We apply the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014) to the lexical-semantic analysis of English evaluational adjectives and compare the results with the picture developed in the Appraisal Framework (Martin & White 2005). The analysis is corpus-assisted, with examples mainly drawn from film and book reviews, and supported by collocational and statistical information from WordBanks Online. We propose NSM explications for 15 evaluational adjectives, arguing that they fall into five groups, each of which corresponds to a distinct semantic template. The groups can be sketched as follows: “First-person thought-plus-affect”, e.g.wonderful; “Experiential”, e.g.entertaining; “Experiential with bodily reaction”, e.g.gripping; “Lasting impact”, e.g.memorable; “Cognitive evaluation”, e.g.complex, excellent. These groupings and semantic templates are compared with the classifications in the Appraisal Framework’s system of Appreciation. In addition, we are particularly interested in sentiment analysis, the automatic identification of evaluation and subjectivity in text. We discuss the relevance of the two frameworks for sentiment analysis and other language technology applications.
The role of parallel constructions in imposition
Authors: Teo Ming Chew
Published: November 2019

Imposition, a general mechanism of contact-induced change that manifests itself in creole formation, second language acquisition, and even language attrition (Winford 2013), is a result of unequal dominance in a multilingual’s languages,whereby linguistic features from an individual’s more dominant language are transferred to a less dominant language (van Coetsem 1988). In order to flesh out how imposition operates in multilinguals, this study compares the differences between Singaporean Chinese and Malay speakers in their use ofalreadyin Colloquial Singapore English. Based on sociolinguistic interview data from twelve Chinese and eight Malay individuals, it is found that Chinese and Malay speakers differ primarily in two ways: (1) the preferred syntactic position foralready; (2) the frequency of different contexts thatalreadyappears in. By integrating theories from cognitive linguistics and findings from psycholinguistic studies, this paper argues that ‘equivalent’ constructions across two grammatical systems within a multilingual’s mind is a key channel through which imposition operates. To support this argument, differences between the speech of Chinese and Malay speakers are shown to be motivated by the presence or absence of ‘equivalent’ or parallel constructions.
Does personality influence ratings of foreign accents?
Authors: Gaffney Caitlin , Côté Stephanie
Published: November 2019

In both research and educational settings, native and non-native speakers are often asked to make foreign accent ratings (FARs) as a measure of second language pronunciation. However, previous research has identified several factors that influence these ratings. The current study investigates one such variable that, to date, has received little attention in the literature: personality. Thirty-six monolingual English speakers completed the Big Five Aspects Scales personality test (DeYoung, Quilty, & Peterson, 2007) and provided accentedness ratings for 15 non-native English speakers (L1 Mandarin) and five native controls. Results show that two of the Big Five personality traits – conscientiousness and extraversion – were significantly correlated with the ratings listeners provided, while another trait – agreeableness – approached significance. These findings further underline the need to interpret FARs with caution, as variables unrelated to foreign accent, in this case listeners’ personality, may be associated with these ratings, as well.
From justification to modulation
Authors: Otsu Takahiro
Published: November 2019

The English discourse marker after all and the
Japanese discourse marker datte have been commonly claimed to
give a reason or justification to the preceding utterance, and therefore, these
two expressions are regarded as the equivalent translation counterparts to each
other. This paper first attempts to propose that such an equated account is
motivated by these two discourse markers constructing a similar inferential
schema involved in the interpretation of the utterance including them. In fact,
datte and after all make manifest similar
polyfunctions according to the syntactic position although they encode different
lexical information. This is because these two discourse markers are indicators
that contribute to the inferential phase of communication by various degrees of
modulation of a cognitive gap between two different assumptions. Another aim of
this paper is to differentiate a procedural constraint these two indicators
encode on the interpretation of the utterance.
Beyond triadic communication
Authors: Duijn Max van , Verhagen Arie
Published: November 2019

Coordinating different viewpoints is an essential part of human interaction. Languages have evolved conventional ways of supporting this process: many linguistic items are somehow involved in viewpoint management, ranging from morphological elements and lexical units to grammatical constructions and narrative patterns. In this paper we propose a conceptual model for analysing how particular instances (or combinations) of such linguistic items can be used to coordinate the viewpoints of signallers, addressees, and third parties involved in an interaction event. In essence, our model augmentsLangacker’s (1987)“viewing arrangement” through the addition of a third dimension to the existing two. We discuss the details of our model using a range of examples from spoken discourse, newspaper articles, and literary fiction, and end by placing it in broader discussions on human social cognition.
Inference from academic texts in children with autism
Authors: Engberg-Pedersen Elisabeth
Published: November 2019

Children and adults with autism do worse on tests of inferences than controls. This fact has been attributed to poor language skills, a tendency to focus on detail, and poor social understanding. This study examines whether children with autism with age-appropriate language and cognitive skills have difficulties drawing inferences from academic, expository texts. Sixteen children with autism and a control group of twenty-four children were matched on language skills, nonverbal cognitive ability, and auditory and nonverbal working memory and compared on their responses to questions that require inferences. The children with autism scored significantly lower on inference questions than the controls. Although language skills explain much of the variance in inference scores, diagnostic background also made a contribution. The results are discussed in the light of theories of suppression of irrelevant information and recognition of text writers’ communicative intention.
Olive polyphenol reduces the collagen-elicited release of phosphorylated HSP27 from human platelets
Authors: Mizutani Daisuke , Onuma Takashi , Tanabe Kumiko , Kojima Akiko , Uematsu Kodai , Nakashima Daiki , Doi Tomoaki , Enomoto Yukiko , Matsushima-Nishiwaki Rie , Tokuda Haruhiko , Ogura Shinji , Iida Hiroki , Kozawa Osamu , Iwama Toru
Published: November 2019

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OLE) are natural polyphenols found in extra virgin olive oil. Accumulating evidence indicates that ingestion of olive oil contributes to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. It has been reported that HT and OLE inhibit human platelet aggregation. We have shown that collagen induces the phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in human platelets, resulting in the release of HSP27, an extracellular pro-inflammatory agent. In this study, we investigated the effects of HT and OLE on the collagen-stimulated human platelet activation. The PDGF-AB secretion and the soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) release by collagen were reduced by HT or OLE. HT and OLE significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of HSP27 and the release of phosphorylated-HSP27. These findings suggest that olive polyphenol reduces the collagen-stimulated phosphorylation of HSP27 in human platelets and the release. Our results may provide a novel anti- inflammatory effect of olive polyphenol.
Dynamics of the pedestal transport during edge localized mode cycles at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Viezzer E , Cavedon M , Cano-Megias P , Fable E , Wolfrum E , Cruz-Zabala D J , David P , Dux R , Fischer R , Harrer G F , Laggner F M , McDermott R M , Plank U , Pütterich T , Willensdorfer M
Published: November 2019

The dynamic behaviour of the ion and electron energy, particle and momentum transport measured during type-I edge localized mode (ELM) cycles at ASDEX Upgrade is presented. Fast measurements of the ion and electron temperature profiles revelead that the ion and electron energy transport recover on different timescales, with the electrons recovering on a slower timescale (Cavedon et
al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
59 105007). The dominant mechanism for the additional energy transport in the electron channel that could cause the delay in the electron temperature gradient (

∇

T
e

) recovery is attributed to the depletion of energy caused by the ELM. The local sources and sinks for the electron channel in the steep gradient region are much smaller compared to the energy flux arriving from the pedestal top, indicating that the core plasma may dictate the local dynamics of the

∇

T
e

recovery during the ELM cycle. A model for the edge momentum transport based on toroidal torque balance that takes into account the existence of poloidal impurity asymmetries has been developed. The analysis of the profile evolution during the ELM cycle shows that the model captures the dynamics of the rotation both before the ELM crash and during the recovery phase.
The Regaining of Traditional Street: Combining Street Network Configuration with Temporary Urban Interventions
Authors: Khalid N S , Raja Othman R N , Che Abdullah I , Marzukhi M A , Nasrudin N
Published: November 2019

Observations and Axial analysis models are combined into Space Syntax to study the corresponding relationship between a street network and how temporary urban interventions in a traditional shopping street in Little India, Kuala Lumpur, may affect public life. Little India was chosen as the case study because of its historical and cultural significance. The study aims to explore the most important temporary urban interventions - activity-based interventions in traditional shopping street through the spatial logic of street network. Static snapshots and people-following were conducted in Little India, to observe activity and movement during a whole day on a weekday and a weekend day. Two (2) parameters in Space Syntax were chosen including global integration and local integration to measure its urban interventions, activities, and movement among visitors in traditional shopping streets. The result indicates that there is a certain correlation among these parameters with the following spatial configurative analyses; all lines analyses and segment based angular analyses. It finds significant relationships between global integration and local integration, and the activity pattern. It is proposed in this paper that streets with a high degree of integration and adjacent to main streets; Jalan Tun Sambanthan is a key factor for carrying forward temporary urban interventions in Little India. More attention should be paid to the street network to preserve diversity, make the streets active, and importantly to improve public life.