bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И СОХРАНЕНИЯ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ
Authors: Манабаева Ш.А.
Published: September 2024

Прорыв в геномной инженерии начался с разработки нуклеаз, которые точно распознают и расщепляют целевую ДНК. Первыми эндонуклеазами, использованными для редактирования генома были нуклеазы с цинковыми пальцами (ZFNs) и эффекторны нуклеазы, подобные активаторам транскрипции (TALENs). Однако потребность в надежных, доступных и легко модифицируемых технологиях привела к разработке CRISPR/Cas9, мощного инструмента для редактирования генома, который нашел широкое применение в биологических исследованиях. Эта технология позволяет точно модифицировать генетический материал организмов, создавая двунитевые разрывы в ДНК и активируя механизмы восстановления. Нами была успешно применена технология CRISPR/Cas9 для редактирования генома картофеля, что привело к изменению качества крахмала путем полного разрушения гена GBSS.
Одной из новых широко используемых технологий является производство рекомбинантных белков в растениях с помощью вирусных векторов. Нами разработан вирусный вектор на основе генома вируса кустистой карликовости томата для быстрого производства рекомбинантных белков. Вектор кодирует белок p19, который ингибирует посттранскрипционный сайленсинг и усиливает экспрессию чужеродных генов. Использование данного  вектора позволило получить гликопротеин gp51 вируса лейкемии крупного рогатого скота в растениях N.benthamiana для диагностических целей.
Флора Казахстана богата разнообразием видов, превышающим 13 тысяч, включая около 500 эндемиков. Для охраны биоразнообразия растений применяются различные стратегии, включая сохранение in situ, осуществляемое через создание природных заповедников, парков и ботанических садов. Глобальная стратегия сохранения растений направлена на устранения проблем, связанных с угрозами, и разработку методов сохранения для редких и исчезающих видов. Важное значение имеют технологии in vitro для сохранения таких видов. В результате наших исследований редкие и исчезающие виды были интродуцированы в культуру in vitro для последующего сохранения ex situ, разработав оптимальные протоколы стерилизации, микроразмножения, сохранения в условиях замедленного роста in vitro и криоконсервации.
Оценка внутривидовой изменчивости с помощью хлоропластного генома и ДНК-штрихкодирование является важным инструментом для изучения генетического разнообразия внутри видов и определения их генетической структуры. Нами проведена оценка внутривидовой изменчивости хлоропластных геномов редких и исчезающих видов тюльпана. С использованием маркеров ядерного (ITS) и хлоропластного геномов - rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, psbK-psbI, trnH-psbA, atpF-atpH проведены ДНК-штрихкодирование и филогенетический анализ эндемичных и исчезающих видов сосудистых растений.
La característica de inmutabilidad de la cláusula penal y sus excepciones en el derecho privado colombiano
Authors: Berbessi Fernández Diego Alexander
Published: September 2024

La cláusula penal es una estipulación contractual sui generis que tiene un origen convencional y ha sido reconocida como una autotutela privada de los intereses de las partes que suple la función judicial. Como tal, en principio, los contratantes están obligados a respetarla y cumplirla en los términos que se haya pactado, dado el principio de fuerza obligatoria de los contratos. Sin embargo, la ley misma reconoce ciertas excepciones en las que el valor pactado como cláusula penal puede ser modificado. Este trabajo recoge un análisis legal y doctrinal del carácter inmutable de la cláusula penal en el derecho privado colombiano y, así mismo, el cómo ha sido recogido y delimitado por la jurisprudencia este tópico que muchas controversias causa en la práctica judicial.
El falaz discurso de la corrupción
Authors: Mantilla Espinosa Fabricio
Published: September 2024

Se trata de un análisis sobre el impacto jurídico del discurso político y periodístico de la corrupción en los contratos.
La gestión de riesgos del lavado de activos: una mirada en las empresas del Perú que cotizan en bolsa
Authors: Mendoza Llamacponcca Fidel Nicolás , Barrantes Santos Fanny Elcira , Gauna Peralta Aníbal Francisco , Urbina Guerra Luisa Alejandrina Milagros
Published: September 2024

En el mundo globalizado donde nos encontramos, el avance de la tecnología ha facilitado el flujo de capitales a nivel internacional, provocando cambios en los negocios, así como en las actividades de control de los flujos financieros. En este contexto, el delito de lavado de activos constituye un paradigma de la nueva delincuencia, constituyéndose en uno de los fenómenos criminales que más atención ha suscitado a nivel internacional y local. El presente estudio revisa, desde un enfoque sistemático y normativo, la gestión de riesgos en el ámbito del lavado de activos, particularmente, la exigible en las empresas peruanas que cotizan en la bolsa. Se analiza las herramientas legales con las cuales corresponde prevenir al lavado de activos en el mercado de valores. Se valora la condición de sujetos obligados en el sistema peruano de prevención antilavado que caracteriza a las empresas cotizadas; en el mismo sentido, se analiza los estándares que estas deben cumplir para evitar cargos penales por lavado de activos.
On a New Cyclic Symmetry Formulation Accounting for Boundaries Undergoing Nonlinear Forces
Authors: Quaegebeur Samuel , Thouverez Fabrice
Published: September 2024

Although cyclic symmetry theory was initially developed for linear structures, the introduction of nonlinear forces on internal nodes of the fundamental sector does not affect the methodology. Nevertheless, the method is ill-suited when nonlinear forces are applied at the cyclic boundary. The purpose of this paper is to provide a complement to this theory and to propose a cyclic symmetry formulation for structures undergoing nonlinear forces at their cyclic boundary. A complete nonlinear cyclic formulation for such systems is derived in this work. The advantages of such an approach lie in the reduction of computational costs using the cyclic symmetry properties. The methodology is employed to characterize the dynamics of several mechanical systems. First, it is validated on simplified models of a cyclic system. Two nonlinearities are considered: a one-dimensional friction contact interface and a cubic nonlinearity. Both cases exhibit very different dynamics behaviors; yet, the results obtained with the new strategy are shown to be very accurate. Once the approach is validated, it is employed on an industrial finite element model of turbine bladed disk featuring contact interfaces between the blades' shrouds. The capability of the method to handle large systems is thus demonstrated. For all cases, periodic excitation are applied following either a traveling or standing wave shape for different engines orders.
Development of Indoor CO2 Monitoring System with an Integrated Fixed Sensor and a Mobile Measuring Robot
Authors: Tamura Shuichi , Kato Ouki , Shirayama Susumu
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes an advanced system for optimizing indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in office environments that integrates fixed sensors with a mobile measuring robot (MMR). A demand-based measurement strategy that uses human detection and predictive analytics via machine learning is used to enhance data collection accuracy and efficiency. The system incorporates voice notifications to prompt occupants to perform actions that improve IEQ. The MMR’s operational capabilities and coordination with fixed sensors allow the system to achieve high precision and efficiency in office environments. The system’s effectiveness is validated through empirical studies (two preliminary experiments and two main experiments) in real office settings. The first preliminary experiment identified measurement blind spots and the second preliminary experiment tested the equivalence of environmental measurements between the MMR and fixed sensors. The first main experiment showed the system’s human detection function for efficient and precise environmental measurement and the voice notification function for prompting occupants to perform actions that improve IEQ. The second main experiment showed the system’s predictive accuracy in forecasting CO2 levels using neural network models. The main experiments demonstrate that the system can effectively guide MMR operations, reduce measurement times, and accurately predict environmental changes. The proposed system is a comprehensive solution for IEQ enhancement in office buildings.
Denticle rows on appendages of larvae in twelve species of Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata)
Authors: Ren Fang-Xu , Wei Xin-Ju , Ma Min , Fan Qing-Hai
Published: September 2024

The larval stages of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are rarely considered in taxonomic descriptions. The presence of denticles on the palpi and legs is rarely documented in any developmental stages of mites of this family. To address this gap, the presence of denticles was evaluated on the appendages of larvae of the following twelve species: Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman and McGregor), Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant), Amblyseius orientalis Ehara, Amblyseius taiguensis Liu, Ma and Fan, Euseius utilis (Liang and Ke), Neoseiulus benjamini (Schicha), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), Neoseiulus setarius Ma, Meng and Fan, Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha), Neoseiulus zwoelferi (Dosse), Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Phytoseius hongkongensis Swirski and Shechter. We identified and described the denticles on the palps, basis capitulum, and specific leg segments of these species, and hypothesized that the denticle rows might potentially be used for tearing open their own epidermis during hatching.
Self-Compassion and Willingness to Adhere to Return-to-Play Protocol Following Sport-Related Concussions
Authors: Wortley Kiera , Schellenberg Benjamin J.I.
Published: September 2024

Context: Athletes who do not follow proper concussion recovery protocols are likely to experience their symptoms for longer while putting themselves at risk of further health issues. It is, therefore, critical to identify the types of athletes who may be more or less likely to follow the guidance of medical professionals following concussions. In this research, we tested the hypothesis that athletes with higher levels of self-compassion would be more willing to follow concussion recovery protocols. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We collected data from 2 samples of combat sport athletes (sample 1, N = 173 and sample 2, N = 172). All participants completed online surveys assessing self-compassion, the likelihood that they would follow 10 recovery recommendations if they were to experience a concussion in their sport, and scales assessing 3 covariates: self-esteem, conscientiousness, and sport competitiveness. Results: After controlling for self-esteem, conscientiousness, and sport competitiveness, the results of multiple regression analyses in both samples showed that self-compassion was positively associated with willingness to follow concussion recovery recommendations (sample 1: β = 0.19, 1-tailed P = .039; sample 2: β = 0.20, 1-tailed P = .025). The results of a mini meta-analysis of these effects supported this positive association, Mean r = .144, Z = 2.666, 1-tailed P = .004. Conclusions: Athletes who are highly self-compassionate reported a greater willingness to follow the advice of medical professionals and adhere to return-to-play protocol. This finding has implications for the rehabilitation of sport concussions; it may be advantageous to encourage athletes to be kind and compassionate toward themselves throughout the concussion recovery process.
A model for polyomavirus helicase activity derived in part from the AlphaFold2 structure of SV40 T-antigen
Authors: Shin Jong , Meinke Gretchen , Bohm Alex A. , Bullock Peter A.
Published: September 2024

The mechanism used by polyomavirus and other viral SF3 helicases to unwind DNA at replication forks remains unknown. Using AlphaFold2, we have determined the structure of a representative SF3 helicase, the SV40 T-antigen (T-ag). This model has been analyzed in terms of the features of T-ag required for helicase activity, particularly the proximity of the T-ag origin binding domain (OBD) to the replication fork and the distribution of basic residues on the surface of the OBD that are known to play roles in DNA unwinding. These and related studies provide additional evidence that the T-ag OBDs have a role in the unwinding of DNA at the replication fork. Nuclear magnetic resonance and modeling experiments also indicate that protonated histidines on the surface of the T-ag OBD play an important role in the unwinding process, and additional modeling studies indicate that protonated histidines are essential in other SF3 and SF6 helicases. Finally, a model for T-ag’s helicase activity is presented, which is a variant of the “rope climber.” According to this model, the hands are the N-terminal OBD domains that interact with the replication fork, while the C-terminal helicase domains contain the feet that bind to single-stranded DNA.

IMPORTANCE

Enzymes termed helicases are essential for the replication of DNA tumor viruses. Unfortunately, much remains to be determined about this class of enzymes, including their structures and the mechanism(s) they employ to unwind DNA. Herein, we present the full-length structure of a model helicase encoded by a DNA tumor virus. Moreover, this AI-based structure has been analyzed in terms of its basic functional properties, such as the orientation of the helicase at replication forks and the relative locations of the amino acid residues that are critical for helicase activity. Obtaining this information is important because it permits proposals regarding how DNA is routed through these model helicases. Also presented is structural evidence that the conclusions drawn from our detailed analyses of one model helicase, encoded by one class of tumor viruses, are likely to apply to other viral and eukaryotic helicases.
Impact of family doctor system on diabetic patients with distinct service utilisation patterns: a difference-in-differences analysis based on group-based trajectory modelling
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Zhang Luying , Fan Xianqun , Chen Wen
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study examines the impact of China’s family doctor system (FDS) on healthcare utilisation and costs among diabetic patients with distinct long-term service utilisation patterns.

Methods

Conducted in City A, eastern China, this retrospective cohort study used data from the Health Information System and Health Insurance Claim Databases, covering diabetic patients from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019.

Patients were categorised into service utilisation trajectories based on quarterly outpatient visits to community health centres (CHCs) and secondary/tertiary hospitals from 2014 to 2017 using group-based trajectory models. Propensity score matching within each trajectory group matched FDS-enrolled patients (intervention) with non-enrolled patients (control). Difference-in-differences analysis compared outcomes between groups, with a SUEST test for cross-model comparison. Outcomes included outpatient visits indicator, costs indicator and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses.

Results

Among 17 232 diabetic patients (55.21% female, mean age 62.85 years), 13 094 were enrolled in the FDS (intervention group) and 4138 were not (control group). Patients were classified into four trajectory groups based on service utilisation from 2014 to 2017: (1) low overall outpatient utilisation, (2) high CHC visits, (3) high secondary/tertiary hospital visits and (4) high overall outpatient utilisation. After enrolled in FDS From 2018 to 2019, the group with high secondary/tertiary hospital visits saw a 6.265 increase in CHC visits (225.4% cost increase) and a 3.345 decrease in hospital visits (55.5% cost reduction). The high overall utilisation group experienced a 4.642 increase in CHC visits (109.5% cost increase) and a 1.493 decrease in hospital visits. OOP expenses were significantly reduced across all groups.

Conclusion

The FDS in China significantly increases primary care utilisation and cost, while reducing hospital visits and costs among diabetic patients, particularly among patients with historically high hospital usage. Policymakers should focus on enhancing the FDS to further encourage primary care usage and improve chronic disease management.
Cellular pattern and orbital fat involvement are possible risk factors for the failure of corticosteroids in patients with pure idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome: lessons from the French prospectiveSIOIcohort study (part II)
Authors: La Rosa Ambre , Groh Matthieu , Martin Antoine , Tran Ba Stéphane , Cucherousset Nahla , Mouriaux Frédéric , Sedira Neila , Héron Emmanuel , Galatoire Olivier , Saadoun David , Abbas Aïcha , Bassirou Mboup , Vicaut Eric , Dhote Robin , Abad Sebastien
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To better characterise the effects of corticosteroids on the course of pure idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome (pIOIS).

Methods

This was a national, multicentre, prospective, non-interventional cohort study (SIOI). Among the 35 patients with histologically proven orbital inflammation who had previously been studied for their IgG4 immunostaining status, we selected those with a negative IgG4 status (ie, pIOIS) who received corticosteroids as single first-line treatment. Clinical, morphological and pathological findings at diagnosis and during follow-up from treatment initiation to study completion were analysed. Patients were assessed for their response to prednisone after the 24-month prospective phase in terms of remission (≤10 mg/d) or failure (>10 mg/d). Daily standard doses of prednisone (DSDP) were calculated at different time-points and compared between response groups.

Results

Of the 17 patients with pIOIS included in the final analysis, two-thirds received corticosteroids only. DSDP (mg/kg-day) were significantly higher at the time of failure in eight patients (47%) than in nine (53%) remitting at M24 (0.16 vs 0.045; p: 0.03). Notably, patients with pIOIS with a cellular pattern or orbital fat involvement tended to receive higher daily corticosteroid doses in the event of failure than remission (0.16 vs 0.045 and 0.12 vs 0.042, respectively). During treatment, maximal DSDP was 0.52 in failed patients.

Conclusion

The highest corticosteroid doses were insufficient to prevent failure in patients with pIOIS, particularly in those with a cellular pattern or orbital fat involvement. Large-scale interventional studies are now necessary to clarify prognostic factors and optimise corticosteroid management in patients with pIOIS.
Are perceived barriers to physical activity related to depression, anxiety and stress among adolescents? The EHDLA study
Authors: de Camargo Edina Maria , Chen Sitong , López-Bueno Rubén , Mesas Arthur Eumann , Bizzozero-Peroni Bruno , Martín-Calvo Nerea , Jiménez-López Estela , López-Gil José Francisco
Published: September 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was twofold: first, to examine the association between perceived barriers to physical activity (PA) practice and depression, anxiety and stress in a sample of Spanish adolescents; and second, to determine which barriers are specifically associated with depression, anxiety and stress.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 765 adolescents aged 12–17 (55.6% girls) in theValle of Ricote, Murcia, Spain. Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), with validated cut points employed to determine the presence of each of these mental conditions. The perception of barriers to PA was assessed using a validated questionnaire for the Spanish adolescent population.

Results

The barrier ‘Because I feel that my physical appearance is worse than that of others’ was related to a higher likelihood of having depression (OR=2.41; 95% CI 1.35 to 4.28; p=0.003), anxiety (OR=2.65; 95% CI 1.51 to 4.71; p=0.001) and stress (OR=2.82; 95% CI 1.59 to 5.07; p<0.001). Similarly, the barrier ‘Because nobody encourages me to engage in physical activity’ was related to a higher likelihood of having depression (OR=1.92; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.43; p=0.026), anxiety (OR=1.97; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.50; p=0.021) and stress (OR=1.99; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.59; p=0.021).

Conclusion

Perceived barriers to PA related to physical appearance and social support seem to be associated with a greater likelihood of depression, anxiety and stress among Spanish adolescents.
An unusual strophomenide brachiopod association in the Late Ordovician William Lake Lagerstätte, Williams Member of the Stony Mountain Formation (latest Katian), Manitoba
Authors: Sproat Colin D. , Young Graham A.
Published: September 2024

The William Lake site within the Williams Member of the Stony Mountain Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) contains an unusual exceptionally preserved fossil fauna, including arthropods and cnidarian medusae. Several shells of the brachiopod that strongly resemble Holtedahlina paraprostrata Jin and Zhan, 2001 are described for the first time from this unit. Forty percent of the shells were found in an unusually close association with phosphatic tube-like fossils, perhaps indicating a symbiotic relationship, although there is not enough clear evidence to definitively determine the nature of this relationship. It was clearly advantageous to grow on or against skeletal material on a soft, muddy shallow marine seafloor, and both the brachiopod and the tube-like fossil may have benefited from the association at different times. Although other species of Holtedahlina have been found in a variety of depositional environments, Holtedahlina paraprostrata has thus far only been found in hypersaline or variable salinity settings, perhaps indicating an ability to tolerate unusual marine conditions, unlike most other rhynchonelliformean brachiopods that are typically stenohaline. Holtedahlina at the William Lake site, like other calcareous fossils, are rare and poorly preserved perhaps reflecting the unusual preservation at the site or representing a real ecological signal.
A modeling framework for quantifying spatial recruitment dynamics using abundance estimation and sibship analysis
Authors: Lewandoski Sean A. , Brenden Travis O.
Published: September 2024

Quantifying recruitment at the sibling group offers a powerful methodology for understanding density-dependent and environmental drivers of recruitment. We propose a modeling framework that combines sibship and abundance estimation datasets to estimate mean sibling group size, sibling group size process error, environmental and density-dependent effects on sibling group size, dispersal, and mortality rate. Geographic states in the model consist of discrete habitat patches connected via dispersal. Simulations were used to investigate the influence of sampling processes and sibling group size on parameter estimation within our modeling framework. Mean sibling-group size, environmental effects on recruitment, and dispersal rate among habitat patches were estimated with high accuracy under a wide range of sampling conditions, including imprecise out-of-model estimates of capture probability and subsampling both within and among habitat patches. Density-dependent effects on recruitment and process error tended to be estimated with lower accuracy, though accuracy improved as sibling group size or sampling intensity increased. The main contribution of this research is a flexible quantitative modeling framework for parameterizing mechanistic models of recruitment dynamics with empirical sibship data.
Consumption of non-native rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) is associated with changes in the heart morphology of wild lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Authors: Adeli Kevin A. , Therrien Christian A. , Baker Peter M. , Zhao Melody , Johnston Thomas A. , Swanson Heidi K. , Neff Bryan D.
Published: September 2024

The heart is an essential organ for survival and reproduction across all animals. In particular, salmonine fishes display vast variability in heart morphology across and even within populations, which often reflects their functional requirements for cardiac output and aerobic capacity. However, changes in heart morphology are not always adaptive, and other factors such as diet can influence heart morphology. A growing concern is the consumption of the thiamine (vitamin B1)-degrading enzyme thiaminase found in some prey species such as rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax (Mitchell, 1814)). Here, we investigate the association between rainbow smelt consumption and heart morphology in wild lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) found in the Sudbury Basin (Ontario, Canada). We found that rainbow smelt consumption is associated with increases in ventricular mass, reductions in ventricular fluid content, and alterations in the allometry of myocardia. We discuss the potential impacts of these changes in heart morphology for the conservation of the species.
Total reaction cross section of light stable and exotic nuclei on lead at energies around the Coulomb barrier
Authors: Mohr Peter
Published: September 2024

The present review studies total reaction cross sections from elastic scattering angular distributions of light stable and exotic projectiles ($$2 \le Z_P \le 10$$

2
≤

Z
P

≤
10

, $$4 \le A_P \le 24$$

4
≤

A
P

≤
24

) on 208Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier. From the overall about 200 data it is found that the widely accepted simple grouping of the derived reduced cross sections into three categories—tightly bound, weakly bound, and exotic halo projectiles—is too simplistic and does not fully reflect the range of the experimental data. Furthermore, the energy dependence of the reduced cross sections shows unexpected properties which were hitherto only sparsely considered.
The Sharing Model of Kindergarten Art Enlightenment Education Curriculum Resources Based on Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Huang Jun
Published: September 2024

In order to meet the autonomous needs of children’s art learning, this paper studies the sharing model of kindergarten art enlightenment education curriculum resources under the deep learning algorithm. Build a kindergarten art enlightenment education curriculum resource-sharing model that includes the classification and storage layer of education curriculum resources, the metadata annotation layer of education curriculum resources and the shared business service layer. The deep learning algorithm is used in the classification and storage layer of education curriculum resources. The education curriculum resources are divided into courseware resources, case resources and media materials resources through unsupervised restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) coding and supervised training process. The ontology model of various educational curriculum resources is constructed, and the semantic information of educational curriculum resources is described using ontology. The metadata annotation layer of education curriculum resources annotates the metadata semantics of education curriculum resources through the constructed ontology, which improves the consistency and sharing of education curriculum resources management. The implementation of resource sharing business service is based on semantic analysis and query of educational curriculum resources. Therefore, the shared business service layer adopts a semantic query method based on improved similarity algorithm, which combines semantic distance, node density, node depth and relationship type to build a semantic similarity calculation method to achieve semantic analysis and query of educational curriculum resources. The experimental results show that the model is suitable for multi-classification of shared resources in the kindergarten art enlightenment education curriculum, and the semantic query accuracy is high in the process of sharing. When the threshold is [Formula: see text] 0.5, the query effect of the sharing model in this paper is ideal, which can meet the needs of users’ autonomous learning.
Study of carbon monoxide adsorption on the α- and γ-graphyne nanosheets for the sensor applications
Authors: Movlarooy Tayebeh , Nooranbjar Akram
Published: September 2024

Recently, graphyne-based gas sensors have drawn a lot of interest. One kind of graphene with acetylene bonds connecting its hexagons is graphyne. In this study, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used to investigate the physical parameters of the surface adsorption of carbon monoxide on the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-graphyne nanosheet, taking into account van der Waals (vdW) interactions through the use of the SIESTA computational code. CO molecule adsorbed and optimized in two vertical and horizontal states from the side of carbon and oxygen atoms, at different distances and sites relative to the graphyne sheet. After optimization and finding the adsorption energy, the best adsorption sites, equilibrium distance of the molecule from the surface, electronic structure, charge transfer rate, and bandgap changes were calculated. It was observed that the changes in the electronic structure after the adsorption of CO molecule are insignificant and the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-graphyne nanosheets remained zero-gap and narrow-gap semiconductors, respectively. The adsorption of CO molecule on the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-graphyne nanosheets is physisorption. The results show that the [Formula: see text]-graphyne nanosheet has a good potential for adsorbing and detecting CO molecules and sensor applications.
Isolated Spiral Solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau Equation
Authors: Guzmán-Velázquez Alexandra , Ledesma-Durán Aldo , Delgado Fernández Joaquín
Published: September 2024

Using finite element simulation, we study the main features of rotating wave solutions of the cubic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. To focus on the characteristics of the waves themselves, we have used a circular domain to avoid the effects of irregular boundaries; we have inhibited the formation of defects using an Archimedean wave centered at the origin as the initial condition, and we have chosen a domain size long enough to contain several spiral arms but not so long as to promote long-wave instabilities. This allows us to focus on the geometric features of the solutions often overlooked in traditional works with random initial conditions in large domains. We show with our simulations that the convective and absolute stabilities differ from those predicted for plane waves. Likewise, we show that the appearance of spirals and anti-spirals can occur in any of the quadrants of the parameter space and depends fundamentally on the initial conditions. Finally, regarding the stability of spiral waves against sideband disturbances, we show that the persistence of two-dimensional spiral waves, if fulfilled, does not correspond to the Eckhaus criterion. Our simulations allow us to corroborate the idea that two-dimensional spirals depend on the size of the domain and that they require new analytical results whose trends are identified in this work.
Structural Sensitivity of Chaotic Dynamics in Hastings–Powell’s Model
Authors: Gaine Indrajyoti , Pal Swadesh , Chatterjee Poulami , Banerjee Malay
Published: September 2024

The classical Hastings–Powell model is well known to exhibit chaotic dynamics in a three-species food chain. Chaotic dynamics appear through period-doubling bifurcation of stable coexistence limit cycle around an unstable coexisting equilibrium point. A specific choice of parameter value leads to a situation, where the chaotic attractor disappears through a collision with an unstable limit cycle originated due to subcritical Hopf-bifurcation around the coexistence equilibrium. As a consequence, the top predator goes to extinction. The main objective of this work is to explore the structural sensitivity of this phenomenon by replacing the Holling-type II functional responses with Ivlev functional responses. In this work, we have shown the existence of two Hopf-bifurcation thresholds and numerically verified the existence of an unstable limit cycle. The model with Ivlev functional responses does not indicate any possibility of extinction of the top predator due to any collision of chaotic attractor with the unstable limit cycle for the chosen range of parameter values. Moreover, the model with Ivlev functional responses depicts an interesting scenario of bistable oscillatory coexistence.
SESG-Optimizing Information Extraction in Chinese Clinical Texts: An Innovative Named Entity Recognition Approach Using RoBERTa-BiLSTM-CRF Mechanism
Authors: Li Bin , Cheng Haitao , Lin Mengfei
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Chinese Clinical Named Entity Recognition by improving the Bert-BiLSTM-CRF model through the adoption of the RoBERTa pre-training model. Design/methodology/approach: A deep learning approach is employed, combining the RoBERTa pre-training model, Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network, and Conditional Random Field (CRF) model to form a Named Entity Recognition (NER) model. The model takes the pre-training model trained by the deep network model as input, mitigates the scarcity of annotated datasets, leverages the strong advantage of BiLSTM in learning the context information of words, and combines the CRF model to infer the ability of labels through global information. Findings: The RoBERTa-BiLSTM-CRF model has shown satisfactory results in the experiment. It enhances the reasoning ability between characters, allows the model to fully learn the feature information of the text, and improves the model performance to a certain extent. Originality/value: This paper proposes a RoBERTa medical named entity recognition model for the scarcity of annotated data in medical named entity recognition tasks and BERT’s inability to obtain word-level information. The model is not limited to medical entity recognition tasks and shows potential for other medical natural language processing tasks, considering data enhancement, data optimization, and domain transfer on the model to improve model performance and generalization capabilities.
Redistribution of SOD3 expression due to R213G polymorphism affects pulmonary interstitial macrophage reprogramming in response to hypoxia
Authors: Lewis Caitlin V. , Garcia Anastacia M. , Burciaga Samuel D. , Posey Janelle N. , Jordan Mariah , Nguyen Thi-Tina N. , Stenmark Kurt R. , Mickael Claudia , Sul Christina , Delaney Cassidy , Nozik Eva S.
Published: September 2024

Redistributed expression of SOD3 out of tissue ECM due to the human R213G SNP exacerbates chronic hypoxic PH. Highlighting the importance of macrophage phenotype, our findings reveal that the R213G SNP does not exacerbate pulmonary macrophage accumulation in response to hypoxia but influences their metabolic and phenotypic reprogramming. We demonstrate a deficiency in the metabolic response to hypoxic stress in R213G macrophages, associated with weakened inflammatory resolution and activation of profibrotic pathways implicated in PH.
The Characteristics and Biological Activities of Niosome‐Entrapped Salicylic Acid‐Contained Oleoresin from Dipterocarpus alatus for Skin Product Applications
Authors: Kanpipit Nattawadee , Thapphasaraphong Suthasinee , Phupaboon Srisan , Puthongking Ploenthip
Published: September 2024

Salicylic acid (SA) is widely renowned for its efficacy as a beneficial ingredient for skincare, especially for acne and uneven skin texture. The salicylic acid (SA) niosome formulation combined with the essential component of oleoresin from Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don or Yang‐Na (ODA) was developed and investigated for its physical characteristics, biological effects, and stability. The findings demonstrated that SA combined with ODA in the niosome formulation F4 enhanced the entrapment efficiency of SA, as well as the physical properties and stability of the formulation. Furthermore, the release pattern of this combined formulation indicated sustained release of SA. The permeation of SA was higher in the presence of ODA compared to SA‐niosome formulations without ODA. Moreover, this F4 could downregulate the secretion of iNOS, COX‐2, and TNF‐α including anti‐Propionibacterium acnes activities. Consequently, the incorporation of ODA into the niosome formulation has the potential to improve the entrapment efficiency of SA, facilitating controlled release and enhancing permeation, nitric oxide inhibition capabilities, and anti-P. acnes activity. Therefore, F4 has the potential to be developed as a topical product for the combined treatment of inflammation and P. acnes‐associated conditions in the future.
A Vibration‐Based Quasi‐Real‐Time Cable Force Identification Method for Cable Replacement Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Beiyang , Fu Yixiao , Liu Hua , Zhu Yanjie , Xiong Wen , Ma Runping
Published: September 2024

Tension force is a crucial indicator in reflecting the stressing state of old cables during the cable replacement process. Even though the vibration‐based method is popular in the cable force identification due to its simple calculation process and low cost, the frequency is hard to be recognized with both high time and frequency resolutions attributed to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which hinders its application in identifying time‐varying cable force. In this paper, a novel quasi‐real‐time cable force identification method is presented based on a quasi‐ideal time‐frequency analysis method called multi‐synchrosqueezing transform (MSST), by which the cable frequencies can be identified with appreciable time‐frequency resolution. To achieve the identification in a real‐time manner, an Automatic Frequency Order Identification (AFOI) algorithm is developed to recognize the frequency order automatically depending on the MSST result, in which the interference of fake modes and omitted modes to the identification of the actual frequency order is eliminated to a large extent. The performance of the proposed AFOI algorithm and the quasi‐real‐time cable force identification method is evaluated on a practical cable replacement engineering case. Results show that the correct orders of the multiple frequencies received from MSST can be identified along the time domain, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. The variation of the tension force of not only the replaced cable but also its neighbor cables is estimated with desired time‐frequency resolution, which promotes the safety state assessment of a cable in a real‐time manner during the replacement process.
Natural Pigments from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis and Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr for Food Coloring
Authors: Hang Pham Thi Luong , Ngan Le Thuy , Phuong Tran Thi Lan , Thanh Nguyen Lai , Ishikawa-Ishiwata Yuki , Hieu Dang Minh , Thang Nguyen Dinh
Published: September 2024

Food coloring not only provides an attractive appearance but also aids in the quality of the food. Currently, colorants derived from natural sources, especially plants, are widely used for food coloring, with many benefits for health and the environment. This study used yellow and purple pigments extracted from Gardenia fruits and Peristrophe leaves for chemical component analysis and antioxidant and toxicity tests. Results from LC/MS analysis demonstrated that the major compounds contributing to the yellow color of the Gardenia extract and purple color of the Peristrophe extract were Crocin‐1 (C44H64O24) and Perisbivalvine B (C13H10N2O4), respectively. Moreover, the physiochemical tests showed that yellow and purple pigments were stable in a wide temperature range from 40 to 100°C. The yellow pigment was stable in a pH range of 1.0–12.0, while the purple pigment was not stable in acid media. These extracts also possessed moderate antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 0.33 g/L and 0.31 g/L for Gardenia and Peristrophe extract, respectively. In addition, toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos indicated that these extracts had low toxic activities with high LD50 values of 1.31 g/L for Gardenia extract and 0.74 g/L for Peristrophe extract. These tested extracts had also no acute toxicity on mice. Conclusively, this study provided important information about the major chemical components, which create yellow and purple colors for the Gardenia and Peristrophe extracts, and strongly suggested that the pigments extracted from Gardenia and Peristrophe can be safely used as food colorants.
Impacts of a Cold‐Wave Event on Civil Aviation in China: A November 2022 Case Study
Authors: Xu Ting , Guo Jieao , Lu Yan
Published: September 2024

A cold wave is a hazardous event experienced in the middle latitudes during the winter that significantly influences civil aviation. This study utilized the fifth‐generation ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) data and aerodrome routine meteorological reports (METARs) from 36 airports in China to analyze the impacts of a cold‐wave event from November 26 to 30, 2022. We assessed the effects on wind, visibility, thunderstorms, precipitation, ground‐icing conditions, in‐flight aircraft icing conditions, and clear air turbulence. The results indicated that regions affected by the cold wave shifted from northwest to southeast, with notable impacts on wind, precipitation, and icing conditions. Strong winds, particularly crosswinds, affected airports in coastal regions and narrow valleys, enhancing wind speeds and creating hazardous conditions. Ground‐icing conditions were prevalent, with 23 out of 36 airports experiencing significant icing, notably in Northeast, Central, southern, and eastern China. In‐flight icing conditions were identified in the lower and middle troposphere, primarily affecting Northwest, Northeast, and Central China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At cruising levels, the cold wave introduced light clear air turbulence. This study provides valuable insights for improving civil aviation operations during cold‐wave events, emphasizing the need for preventive measures and early warning systems to mitigate potential risks.
At the Interface of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Fibroblasts: Immune-Suppressive Networks and Emerging Exploitable Targets
Authors: Timperi Eleonora , Croizer Hugo , Khantakova Darya , Rana Mhaidly , Molgora Martina , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima , Romano Emanuela
Published: September 2024

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) constitute a prominent immune cell population within various solid cancers, playing a pivotal role in disease progression. Their increased numbers and frequencies often strongly correlate with resistance to therapy and reduced overall survival rates. Within the complex ecosystem of the tumor microenvironment (TME), activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are expanded and contribute significantly to tumor growth and metastasis and chemotherapy or immunotherapy resistance. CAFs exert a critical influence on TAM phenotypes and functions by orchestrating the reprogramming of tissue-infiltrating monocytes, thereby modulating their survival and differentiation. This reciprocal interaction between TAMs and CAFs forms a crucial axis in fostering a suppressive crosstalk within the TME, mediated by a diverse array of signals exchanged between these cell types. Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and spatial transcriptomics have enhanced our comprehension of the signaling dynamics at the interface between TAMs and CAFs, including their spatial distribution within the tissue. In this review, we delve into the latest discoveries elucidating the biology of TAM and CAF crosstalk. We examine the complexity of TAM–CAF and CAF–TAM interactions within the TME of solid cancers, with particular focus on ligand–receptor interactions and clinically significant targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
Integrated Imaging Probe and Bispecific Antibody Development Enables In Vivo Targeting of Glypican-3–Expressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Habibollahi Peiman , Gurevich Alexey , Hui James Z. , Weinfurtner Kelly , McClung George , Adler Justin , Soulen Michael C. , Kaplan David E. , Nadolski Gregory J. , Hunt Stephen J. , Tsourkas Andrew , Gade Terence P.
Published: September 2024

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a proteoglycan with high sensitivity and specificity for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We describe the integrated development and validation of a GPC3-targeting optical imaging probe and T cell–redirecting antibody (TRAB) as a theranostic strategy for the detection and treatment of HCC. A novel TRAB targeting GPC3 on HCC tumor cells and the CD3 T-cell receptor as well as a distinct GPC3-specific optical imaging probe were developed from a short peptide. The efficacy of GPC3/CD3 TRAB was evaluated in vitro using IFNγ release and calcein-AM assays. Patient-derived xenografts were used to assess the in vivo efficacy of GPC3/CD3 TRAB and the GPC3 imaging probe for the detection of GPC3+ HCC. GPC3/CD3 TRAB caused a dose-dependent escalation in IFNγ release from inactive peripheral blood T cells (P = 0.001) and higher tumor-cell lysis (P = 0.01) compared with controls in vitro. Intratumorally injected GPC3/CD3 TRAB resulted in significant prolongation of tumor doubling time in the GPC3+ tumors, with an associated reduction of tumor fluorescent signal from the HiLyte 488–conjugated GPC3-specific peptide on optical imaging. These data demonstrate that HCC cell targeting using a GPC3/CD3 TRAB derived from a small peptide enabled effective T-cell activation and induction of a cytotoxic response toward GPC3+ HCC tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. GPC3-specific optical imaging enabled the detection of the GPC3+ HCC cells and noninvasive monitoring of tumor response to adoptive immunotherapy. The integrated development of a targeted therapeutic and molecular imaging probe provides a promising paradigm for the development of cancer theranostics.
Looking Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy: Uncovering New Frontiers for Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Giurini Eileena F. , Ralph Oliver , Pappas Sam G. , Gupta Kajal H.
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands out as one of the most aggressive and challenging tumors, characterized by a bleak prognosis with a mere 11% survival rate over 5 years in the United States. Its formidable nature is primarily attributed to its highly aggressive behavior and poor response to existing therapies. PDAC, being notably resistant to immune interventions, presents a significant obstacle in treatment strategies. While immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies have revolutionized outcomes for various cancers, their efficacy in PDAC remains exceedingly low, benefiting less than 1% of patients. The consistent failure of these therapies in PDAC has prompted intensive investigation, particularly at the preclinical level, to unravel the intricate mechanisms of resistance inherent in this cancer type. This pursuit aims to pave the way for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies tailored to the distinct characteristics of PDAC. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive exploration of these emerging immunotherapy approaches in PDAC, with a specific emphasis on elucidating their underlying immunological mechanisms. Additionally, it sheds light on the recently identified factors driving resistance to immunotherapy and evasion of the immune system in PDAC, offering insights beyond the conventional drivers that have been extensively studied.
Table S3 from Clinical Efficacy of the HIV Protease Inhibitor Indinavir in Combination with Chemotherapy for Advanced Classic Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment: A Single-Arm, Phase II Trial in the Elderly
Authors: Sgadari Cecilia , Scoppio Biancamaria , Picconi Orietta , Tripiciano Antonella , Gaiani Francesca Maria , Francavilla Vittorio , Arancio Angela , Campagna Massimo , Palladino Clelia , Moretti Sonia , Monini Paolo , Brambilla Lucia , Ensoli Barbara
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Table 3 shows the clinical treatment-related AEs by SOC and study phases.