bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banal Nationalism, National Symbols, and the Concept of Native Species
Authors: Vičar Branislava
Published: January 2019

Prispevek obravnava vključitev živali avtohtonih vrst v imaginarij nacionalne simbolike in njegovo vlogo pri konstrukciji naroda in nacionalne identitete. Koncept avtohtone vrste je predstavljen z analizo različnih vidikov reprezentacije živali avtohtonih vrst v medijskem diskurzu. Raziskava primera soške postrvi pokaže, da dodelitev statusa »nacionalnosti« zmanjšuje možnosti prepoznavanja intrinzične vrednosti živali avtohtonih vrst, obenem pa uveljavlja hierarhizacijo živalskih vrst, ki se razširja na obliko genetskega normativa.
***
The article deals with the inclusion of animals of native species in the imagery of national symbolism and its role in the construction of the nation and national identity. The concept of a native species is presented by analyzing various aspects of the representation of animals of native species in media discourse. The case study of the marble trout shows that the assignment of the status of “nationality” reduces the possibilities of recognizing the intrinsic value of animals of native species, and at the same time establishes the hierarchy of animal species that extends into a genetic normative.
Los albores de la emancipación femenina. Escritoras en la prensa del Sexenio Democrático
Authors: Casas-Delgado Inmaculada
Published: January 2019

La liberté de la presse issue de la Révolution de 1868 produisit un contexte favorable à l’apparition de nombreuses publications de toutes sortes, parmi lesquelles des journaux et des magazines qui propagèrent des idées en faveur de l'égalité des sexes. Ce fut un moment clé pour la cause de l'émancipation féminine qui trouva dans la presse une grande alliée pour diffuser les revendications en faveur du renouveau de l'éducation et du travail des femmes. Il faut aussi remarquer que ce nouveau contexte permit à plusieurs écrivains féministes comme Rosa Marina, María Josefa Zapata, Margarita Pérez de Celis o Modesta Periú de traiter de questions autres que les thématiques superficielles des périodiques alors consacrés à leur sexe. Cet article recueille quelques fragments des travaux et des publications où ces auteurs ont écrit ou dans lesquels ils ont été mentionnés avec l’objectif d'utiliser cette source comme témoignage de leurs biographies, insuffisamment abordées jusqu’à nos jours.
Theory Mathematics and Physics Model Fitting of Kinematic Parameter for Usain Bolt 100 Metres Sprint at Beijing Olympic Games 2008
Authors: Thongsit Nichapat , Sangnok Yosita , Wannapak Wannee , Khoomsab Kan , Iamsamang Surachest , Sangnok Sirada , Pakamwang Jetsadaporn , Hutem Artit
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we develop a mathematical and physics model or formula of displacement-time dependent, velocity-time dependent, acceleration-time dependent, kinetic energy-time dependent and mechanical power-time dependent for Usain Bolt in the 100 m sprint at Beijing olympic games 2008. We use data of distance, velocity, time for Usain Bolt from Mackata Krzysztof and Antti Mero analysis kinematic parameter of Usain Bolt to compare the mathematical and physics model. The mathematical and physics model corresponding velocity, and acceleration as shown in the book entitled Introduction to sport biomechanics of Roger Bartlett(pp.83-92).
The Protein Extraction from Longan Pulp (Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Daw) for Proteomic Analysis Using One-Dimensional Electrophoresis
Authors: Kleawkla Achara , Threenet Ekawit , Khonkham Wanlapha , Wiriyaalongkorn Winai , Joomwong Adisak , Kleawkla Theerawee , Kleawkla Thritsanat
Published: January 2019

Three procedures for protein extraction in longan pulp had been applied to analyze protein pattern and quality of Longan pulp (Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Daw) during fruit growth to increase protein expression in proteomic analysis at Maejo university’s farm. There were data points to compare between normal and physiological disorder syndromes during fruit growth (5,10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 weeks, respectively) by one dimensional electrophoresis (1-D gel) technique in reducing condition. The first protein extraction, M1 (95% ethanol) showed obviously 15 protein bands which molecular weights were 14.97, 17.90, 18.30, 21.63, 28.54, 31, 33.96, 35.02, 42, 51.69, 65.69, 71.54, 88.02, 106.86 and 130 kDa, respectively. While M2 extraction (phenol-methanol/ammonium acetate) and M3 extraction (1.5 mM tris-HCl pH 8.0, 5 mM EDTA, 2% SDS) had low protein expression and no sharpness (13 and 12 protein bands, respectively). In different extraction conditions, therefore, M1 was a suitable method because of highest protein bands and obvious protein expression on longan pulp for proteomic analysis. Proteomic analysis of M1 extraction method was used in protein analysis by using LC-MS / MS techniques. It was found that the heat shock protein 83 (81.0 kDa), a family of proteins that was produced by cells in response to exposure on stressful conditions, the elongation factor 1-alpha (49.45 kDa), a selective regulator of translation, and the peroxidase 4 (39.74 kDa), a protein that is involved in the degeneration or aging of cells. These proteins exhibited a darker appearance of the protein bands at 30 weeks. Moreover, a partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (34.06 kDa), the protein involved in metabolic processes in glucose degradation, was also founded a darker appearance at 25 weeks and low appearance at 30 weeks of abnormal longan. However, higher proteomic techniques should be studied to confirm this biomarker protein in the further.
Grain Rotation during Twin-Detwin Deformation of Mg AZ31 Alloy Using In Situ XRD and EBSD
Authors: Zhang Hong Jia , Salvati Enrico , Papadaki Chrysanthi , Fong Kai Soon , Song Xu , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: January 2019

To investigate grain rotation caused by twinning-detwinning during plastic deformation, experiments using synchrotron high energy X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) are carried out under in situ compression-tension loading. Comparison between the XRD and EBSD data confirms that the intensity change of diffraction rings in XRD experiment is caused by twining and detwinning. A good agreement of twin fraction values obtained from XRD and EBSD is achieved. This demonstrates that the grains and texture are homogeneously distributed along the normal direction of the sample. In the meantime, it is observed that detwinning can only be activated in a large quantity when the loading reverses into tension from compression in the first loading stage.
Fabrication of Al/Ni Multilayer Composite by Electrodeposition and Hot Press Bonding and Investigation of its Bending Property
Authors: Wang Ming Zhi , Qiu Liang Sheng , Cheng Liang Hu , Liu Xiang , Shao Jian , Cao Xin , Song Tao Sha , Kou Han Tao , Tao Jie
Published: January 2019

The Al/Ni multilayer composite with highly exothermic reactions and good plasticity was fabricated by electrodeposition and hot press bonding process. The Al/Ni multilayer composite consisted of the microscale Al and Ni layers. The Ni layers were electroplated on Al foils for a certain time and DC current, and then a mounts of deposited foils were stacked and combined as a whole bulk Al/Ni multilayer composite. In this study, the microstructure evolution, phase transformation, exothermic heat and bending property of the Al/Ni multilayer composite during various hot press bonding were studied by SEM, XRD, DSC and bending test. Under the hot press bonding condition of 400°C and 1h, the exothermic heat, the bending strength and the bending displacement reached 916J/g, 614.5MPa and 4mm, respectively. The results showed that by the increasing time of hot press bonding, the bending displacement of the Al/Ni multilayer composite improved firstly and then declined sharply. It was also found that when the time of hot press bonding increased, the bending strength and the exothermic heat decreased simultaneously, owing to the nucleation and growth of the Al3Ni phases in the interfaces between Al and Ni layers.
Investigation of the Possibility for Control of High-Temperature Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Authors: Sechin Alexander I. , Nazarenko Olga B. , Amelkovich Yuliya
Published: January 2019

The feasibility of creating conditions for control of high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of nanomaterials has been studied. Experiments were carried out to determine the velocity of the combustion wave propagation of aluminum nanopowder obtained by electric explosion. In the course of the study, the factors influencing formation of the induction time: the thermal diffusivity of the substrate, the method of initiation of the combustion wave (flame, spark, heated body), the induction time between the initiating front and the front of the thermal explosion were considered. The relation describing the time of induction of thermal explosion is established.
Thermooxidative Degradation of Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Metal Nanopowders
Authors: Lipchansky Dmitry , Nazarenko Olga B.
Published: January 2019

The thermooxidative degradation behavior of the epoxy composites filled with metal nanopowders has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under nonisothermal conditions in air atmosphere. The mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites were also studied by three-point bending method. The comparison of two different types of metal nanopowder was made. Aluminum and copper nanopowders prepared by electrical explosion of wires were used as fillers separately as well as in combination with conventional fame-retardant boric acid. It was shown that aluminum nanopowder increased slightly thermal stability of the epoxy composites. On the contrary, the introduction of copper nanopowder in epoxy resin led to rapid degradation of the epoxy composite. The combination of metal nanopowders and boric acid improved thermal stability of the epoxy composites. The highest flexural properties showed the epoxy composite filled with copper nanopowder.
Detection of Insulation Defects in Automated In-Process Testing of Electric Wire during its Extrusion
Authors: Goldshtein Alexander , Vavilova Galina , Rumkin Alexander , Starý Oldrich
Published: January 2019

The paper describes the electro-capacitive method for monitoring wire capacitance, which is implemented using the CAP-10 device, employed for in-process testing of the single core electric wire capacitance. Focus is made on the operating principle of the CAP-10 device. The possibility of using the CAP-10 device for detecting local defects in wire insulation is proved. Insulation defects such as foreign inclusions in the form of copper shavings, air cavities inside insulation and those at the core–insulation boundary are modeled. The impact of the defect geometric parameters on the wire capacitance measured during in-process testing is investigated through numerical simulation. Mathematical simulation results are validated through the physical model using the CAP-10 device.
Correlational Study of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Diagnosed by Ultrasonography with Lipid Profile and Body Mass Index in Adult Nepalese Population
Authors: Khanal Umesh P. , Paudel Bigyan , Gurung Ghanshyam , Hu Yong-Sin , Kuo Chiung-Wen
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to categorize patients into different grades of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by ultrasonography and to compare the findings with their serum lipid profile.

Materials and Methods:

Descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. One hundred and nine patients without a history of alcohol consumption of age more than 16 years attending general health checkup were selected at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajganj, Kathmandu, as per the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Ultrasound scanning of the patients was done and their liver size, as well as grading of fatty liver, was done. Data were collected in predesigned pro forma and were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0, IBM (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

Results:

In this study, the mean age of fatty liver in males was found to be 44.3 years and in females was found to be 51.9 years. 22.9% of patients with NAFLD had increased liver size. Significant association with increasing grades of fatty liver was found with increasing levels of cholesterol (P = 0.028), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.017), liver size (P = 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.045) in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. No significant association with increasing grades of fatty liver was found with increasing levels of triglyceride (P = 0.32) and high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.25).

Conclusion:

Ultrasound is a safe and first-line modality for the evaluation of fatty liver and its grading. Increasing grades of fatty liver had significant association with increasing levels of cholesterol LDL, increasing liver size, and BMI of patients.
Consistency of the Sonographic Image (Double Contour Sign) in Patients with Gout after Ambulation
Authors: Checa Angel
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to know whether or not any crystal shedding occurs after ambulation in patients with gout and how it affects the consistency of the sonographic image of crystal deposition on hyaline cartilage. A total of 18 consecutive patients (29 knees), 11 with early gout (17 knees) and seven with chondrocalcinosis (12 knees), were prospectively scanned by ultrasound. Examination at rest and after ambulation was performed in each patient. Crystal aggregates were measured in a transverse view. Crystal shedding after ambulation was noted in two patients (two knees) with gout. However, crystal deposits on the surface of the articular cartilage in gout kept invariable size. In patients with chondrocalcinosis, crystal shedding by ambulation was absent. The conclusion of this study is that the size of crystal deposits on the hyaline cartilage in gout and chondrocalcinosis assessed by ultrasound is not modifiable by ambulation.
On Kato–Ponce and fractional Leibniz
Authors: Li Dong
Published: January 2019

We show that in the Kato–Ponce inequality

\|J^s(fg)-fJ^s g\|_p \lesssim \| \partial f \|_{\infty} \,\| J^{s-1} g \|_p + \| J^s f \|_p \,\|g\|_{\infty}

, the

J^s f

term on the right-hand side can be replaced by

J^{s-1} \partial f

. This solves a question raised in Kato–Ponce [14]. We propose a new fractional Leibniz rule for

D^s=(-\Delta)^{s/2}

and similar operators, generalizing the Kenig–Ponce–Vega estimate [15] to all

s > 0

. We also prove a family of generalized and refined Kato–Ponce type inequalities which include many commutator estimates as special cases. To showcase the sharpness of the estimates at various endpoint cases, we construct several counterexamples. In particular, we show that in the original Kato–Ponce inequality, the

L^{\infty}

-norm on the right-hand side cannot be replaced by the weaker BMO norm. Some divergence-free counterexamples are also included.
Identification of Unskillful Driver Based on Driving Behavior and Adaptation of Safety and Comfort Functions for Driver Assistance
Authors: Balaji Narmada
Published: January 2019

The most sustaining technology is the one which is more likely to continuously adapt for the enhancement of human life. Automobile technology is one such technology, with its importance growing every day in human life. In the current technology, advanced vehicles have large number of ECUs that are capable of communicating with each other to send and receive data. This intra-vehicle ECU communication helps to improve the functions of individual vehicle components. At the same time, Driver specific data available to ECU functions are limited. Even though each driver varies in driving behavior based on the factors like experience and age, the response provided by the vehicle does not differ. If the driver is given a chance of acquainting the vehicle with his driving behavior, then the vehicle functions and performance can be adapted according to the data, providing a more safe and comfortable driving experience. The aim of this paper is to recognize two categories of drivers namely Novice and Older drivers who are at most risk and represent a major portion of the accident rate. The reasons for accidents caused by novice drivers are less attention, slow response and less hazard perceiving ability. For Older drivers, Aging affects the pace of certain physical actions which has major influence in driving. Due to these reasons both these categories of drivers are more prone to accidents. Based on these behaviors, a driver can be identified and using this identified driver data the vehicle functions can be tuned to support their driving behavior. In order to avoid false positives both these drivers are identified solely based on erroneous driving behavior. These identified drivers are to be assisted by adapting the vehicle functions to reduce reaction times, so as to improve safety and betterment of driving experience. Thus, moving a step forward in the technology development by making vehicles more driver-friendly.
Development of 2 Speed Automatic Transmission for Battery Electric Two Wheelers
Authors: Satyanarayana PS , Ayyappath Prajod , Jaiswal Animesh , Iyer Ramkumar , Charantimath Siddalingesh
Published: January 2019

Improving vehicle performance in terms of both torque and power is a strong customer need in both conventional and electric vehicles. In this work, different two speed automatic transmission (AT) concepts are developed to improve the energy efficiency and performance of battery electric two wheelers. Developed transmission systems are simple, compact and cost effective and results in relatively high energy efficiency of an electric motor. The unique shift control strategy ensures motor to operate at higher efficiency zones to minimize the overall energy consumption. Virtual simulations of electric vehicle were carried out for different driving conditions and optimal transmission ratios were determined.

Mechanical behaviors such as gear shift characteristics, linear and angular velocities, inertial forces of each components are analyzed by using Multi body dynamics simulation. Forces predicted here are further used for durability studies of these components. The developed system combines superior shifting accuracy, high transmission efficiency with increased grade ability and results in substantial improvement in acceleration while retaining top vehicle speed without much compromise.
A Simulation Approach for Identification and Design Optimization to Prevent Headrest Rattle
Authors: Baskar Nithin , Mohammed Riyazuddin , R Prasath
Published: January 2019

Squeak and rattle concerns account for approximately 10% of overall vehicle Things Gone Wrong (TGW) and are a major quality concern for automotive OEM’s. Seat is one of the major contributors of squeak and rattle issues observed in customer verbatim. Seat head rest rod and bezel are designed concentric to each other with a gap that allows free movement and a locking pin to position at different levels. Due to the design gap and weight of the head rest there is always tendency for relative displacement leading to rattle issues. Seat headrest, is close to the customer ear and any rattles at headrest will create annoying driving experience. Also, the contradictory requirements between efforts and rattle makes the scenario more difficult to fine tune the bezel specifications. The root cause for head rest rattle issues can also be related to free play between bezel and seat frame, free play between bezel and cap, looseness between locking pin and headrest rod etc. Identification of issue at physical testing is common practice subject to availability of test sample and road load data. Also, source identification and modification comes at the later part of the project. This paper establishes a process to perform the head rest rattle analysis by utilizing existing FE techniques. The FE analysis is performed using SNRD software available in hyper works platform. An older program seat FE model is built and validated with experimental results. Also, relative displacement measured between the headrest rod and bezel are correlated well with the simulation results. The occurrence and severity of rattle can be understood when the relative displacement is more than the design gap. Also, root cause analysis is performed by modal contribution analysis which gives an option for design sensitivity studies and compare relative displacements of different designs. The proposed methodology using FE techniques can help in identifying head rest rattle issues at early design stage.
Real-World Fuel Consumption Measurement as the Base for the Compliance to Future CO
2
Regulations
Authors: Köck Karl
Published: January 2019

The gap between the officially reported CO2 values and the actual performance of the vehicle on the road is continuously increasing. Numerous studies are showing differences between the official values and the real-world measurements of more than 40% in average, with further increases year by year.

The fuel consumption of passenger cars are determined as part of the vehicle certification according to Euro 6 via carbon mass balance using exhaust gas measurement.

By introducing the new world harmonized driving cycle (WLTC) in September 2017, which is addressing a more realistic speed profile or traffic conditions, the gap between the certification and road test is expected to be reduced in half.

Additionally the EU Commission plans to monitor vehicles more closely. From 2020, devices for recording fuel and energy consumption will become mandatory in all passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, reflecting the average real world CO2 emissions.

During the type approval the OEMs have to prove that these so called ‘On-board Fuel and/or Energy Consumption Monitoring Device’ (‘OBFCM device’) is not deviating more than +/-5% compared to the fuel consumption value calculated from the carbon mass balance.

OBFCM means that by using already existing devices in the vehicle, like the ECU, the quantity of fuel and/or electric energy used is being determined and stored.

This is obviously a challenging target considering a typically uncertainty of the carbon mass balance determination of +/-3% with reference to precise direct fuel flow measurement.

The most important task will be to achieve an accurate reference value for the ECU calibration via direct fuel flow measurement.

The target of the paper is a comparison of the indirect methods of carbon mass balance as well as ECU fuel consumption determination and the direct fuel flow measurement by means of measurement uncertainty considerations and actual measurements.
Novel Approach of Implementing Effortless Manoeuvrability in Vehicle for Physically Challenged
Authors: Prathap P. , Mujiburrahman K. , Muthukrishnan Praveen , Sreemaan S. , Sai U.A. , Neela Kannan S.
Published: January 2019

Automobile is a comprehensive invention which became a basic need for every human. But some modifications were necessary in automobile design in case of differently abled person. The existing vehicle comprises with usual hand twist acceleration, hand lever braking and handlebar steer control. Conventionally, three wheeled rear axles are used by physically challenged person. If the physically challenged person is about to park his/her vehicle then he/she should get down for moving the vehicle. Hence a reverse drive feature is proposed for vehicle which can help them to move in reverse direction when they are in seating position. In our proposed vehicle, the acceleration can be controlled either by right hand twist accelerator in handlebar or by foot pedal. The acceleration switch determines the working of accelerators. For left hand impairment, they can switch to foot pedal acceleration. Here the rear braking is applied by left hand brake lever or foot brake pedal (to apply rear brake if they are left hand impaired).
Mathematical Modelling and Attitude Control of Quadcopter based on Classical Controller
Authors: Senthil Kumar S. , Vijayanandh R. , Mano S.
Published: January 2019

The development of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircrafts has been increasing in recent years due to growing demands in various sectors for critical missions and time saving purpose. There are number of configurations exist for VTOL airframe such as single-main-rotor, tandem rotor, coaxial rotor, tri-rotor, quad-rotor and hexa-rotor. Among various configurations quad-rotor and hexa-rotor configurations have been chosen frequently for various applications through miniature aircrafts. The components and subsystems of such configurations have been widely available for easy integration and flight tests. In addition to that, classical control methods such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers have been widely employed for better control of such aircrafts with stable operation. Even though the control methods are available with high performance flight controller boards, the attainment of quicker attitude response and better stability will be a major problem during the flight testing phase for quadcopters and hexacopters. Therefore, instead of directly going into the development of quadcopters, there should be a need for simulating their responses with models of actual configuration. In this paper, a quadcopter dynamics for roll, pitch, and yaw have been modelled as mathematical equations and its response have been simulated in MATLAB using classical control tools. The results have shown that the modelled dynamics respond faster with better stability.
Drilling simulation of Fibrous Composites: Technical Note
Authors: Elango Prashant , Krishnan Yadhu , Sriraj A. , PrakashMarimuthu K.
Published: January 2019

Drilling of composite material is more complex than conventional drilling, as material removal of isotropic material is uniform than composite material. The cutting edge of drill bit will damage the composite material and removes the fibre in indefinite manner. Improper holes in composite material will cause improper assembly and even can cause premature failure of components made with composite material such as CFRP, Carbon fibre, glass epoxy. By estimating optimal machining parameter such as Feed rate and cutting speed, machining of improper holes in composite material can be eliminated. Optimal machining parameter can be estimated by simulation of composite material. Simulation is performed with help of Abaqus/Explicit software from Simulia
Fabrication, Analysis and Testing of Smart Adaptive Composite Beams
Authors: Noolvi Basavaraj , Nagaraj Shanmukha , Raja S.
Published: January 2019

The presented research involves two types of Smart adaptive composite beams (SAC). The study was conducted on smart composite beams composed of LY5210 and EPOLAM 2063 resin systems respectively. The fabrication of composite beams involved embedding SMA wires in between layers of 0/90 woven glass fibre in the respective resin systems, followed by suitable curing and post curing cycles. Suitable mould was designed and manufactured to facilitate the required pre-straining of SMA wires. Both static and dynamic tests were done on the SAC specimens to study the behaviour of these SACs. Static and free vibration analyses were carried out using MSC Nastran and Hypermesh. There has been good agreement between the results of finite element analysis and the experimental results.
Improvement of Passenger Seating Capacity and Other Facilities in Indian Railway Coaches
Authors: Thenmozhi G. , Jagatheesan M. , Dhanuskodi P. , Gobinaath S.
Published: January 2019

Among different modes of transportation, travel through train is very comfortable and enjoyable especially for people travelling long distances. Population of people increases day by day and hence the requirements also increases in par with the population. Due to increase in population, most of them are not getting the seats at times. In order to overcome this, number of seats could be increased without modifying the outer dimensions of the coach which will be helpful and beneficial for the required people. The proposed idea is to increase the passenger carrying capacity of coaches of Indian Railways from 72 to 84 per coach. 12 seats per coach are increased when compared to existing non-AC 3-tier sleeper coach. Separate ladder provisions for climbing on to the upper compartments, additional windows, power socket for each seat are also provided.
Personalized rosuvastatin therapy in problem patients with partial statin intolerance
Authors: Shek Aleksandr B. , Kurbanov Ravshanbek D. , Alieva Rano B. , Abdullaeva Guzal J. , Nagay Aleksandr V. , Abdullaev Alisher A. , Hoshimov Shavkat U. , Nizamov Ulugbek I.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The aim was to study the pharmacogenetic determinants of switching simvastatin-intolerant ethnic Uzbek patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to rosuvastatin treatment.

Material and methods

The study included 50 patients with CAD, who demonstrated statin-induced adverse liver symptoms, accompanied by an elevation in transaminase level (3-fold or more in 37 cases) or statin-induced adverse muscle symptoms, accompanied by elevations in serum (CK > 3 times above the upper limit of normal (ULN)) in simvastatin treatment with a dose of 10–20 mg/day. The control group consisted of 50 patients without side effects. Patients were genotyped for polymorphisms in the genes coding for the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic enzymes CYP3A5(6986A>G), CYP2C9(430C>T), CYP2C9(1075A>C), and hepatic influx and efflux transporters SLCO1B1(521T>C) and BCRP(ABCG2, 421C>A) by means of the PCR-RFLP method.

Results

When the 50 patients of the case group were switched to the starting rosuvastatin dose of 5 mg, intolerance symptoms were not observed in 29 (58%) versus 21 with adverse symptoms. In this case-control study, the groups differed significantly only in the prevalence of the *3/*3 genotype CYP3A5 (OR = 5.25; 95% CI: 1.6–17.8; p = 0.014).

Conclusions

In a considerable proportion of ethnic Uzbek patients with CAD and simvastatin intolerance symptoms, serious side effects when switching to a starting dose of rosuvastatin were not observed, and it should be noted that in most cases (72.4%) this phenomenon was observed among the carriers of *3/*3 genotype of the CYP3A5 (6986A> G) gene.
Cardiotrophin-1 and leptin as cardiovascular risk markers in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Cakir Isil , Uluhan Mustafa
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Elevated cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and leptin levels are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has also been reported to increase this risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum concentrations of CT-1 and leptin in patients with OSAS and whether there is a possible association between CT-1, leptin and OSAS severity.

Material and methods

Fifty newly diagnosed OSAS patients and thirty nonapneic snoring subjects participated in this study. Fasting serum lipid profile markers were evaluated. The measurements of serum CT-1 and leptin levels were carried out using human ELISA kits.

Results

Significant differences were found in the serum CT-1 and leptin levels between the two groups. Serum median CT-1 levels in patient and control groups, respectively, were 19.47; 8.23 pg/ml and leptin levels were 2.07; 1.29 ng/ml (p < 0.001). In the severe patient group, serum median CT-1 level was statistically significantly higher than the median level in the mild/moderate group. There was no correlation between patients’ leptin and lipid profile parameters and CT-1 concentrations were not associated with triglyceride, cholesterol or LDL cholesterol levels except HDL cholesterol: CT-1 levels were positively correlated with HDL levels (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Both CT-1 and leptin were significantly elevated in the patient group. Furthermore, CT-1 and leptin were associated with OSAS and CT-1 was associated with the disease severity.
Influence of internal mammary artery retractor on postoperative patient comfort and quality of life
Authors: Yildiz Cenk Eray , Conkbayir Cenk , Tolgay Halil Erkam , Canikoglu Mustafa , Ceviker Kadir , Acikgoz Ayfer , Oztas Didem Melis , Sayin Omer Ali , Ugurlucan Murat , Beyzadeoglu Tahsin
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Patients experience muscle, joint and shoulder pain after heart surgery. We aimed to compare quality of life in 2 groups of patients, one group having an internal mammary artery (IMA) retractor during surgery, the second group undergoing non-coronary heart surgery.

Material and methods

Group 1 was composed of 39 patients receiving an IMA retractor whereas in group 2 there were 29 patients. Patients in groups were compared for postoperative quality of life, shoulder pain, functional status, strength and patient satisfaction.

Results

Visual analog scale (VAS) assessment, pain localization, quality of life SF-36 form, and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) functional shoulder scoring were applied in both groups. Mean VAS score in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2. Only the vitality measure mean score was not significantly different in SF-36 assessment; however, in group 2 physical function and mental health scale mean scores were higher and the pain scale mean score was lower than in group 1. The total UCLA score and UCLA subgroups of pain, function, active flexion angle and strength revealed a statistically significant difference between groups.

Conclusions

Patients in whom an IMA retractor was not utilized during surgery exhibited better results in physical functions, emotional status, and shoulder pain in the postoperative period.
The role of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression, in particular metastasis
Authors: S. Alsayad Fatima A.
Published: January 2019

Cancer is a major global health concern, and is one of the leading causes of mortality in many developed countries including Australia. Most of the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer can be linked to the process of metastasis, whereby malignant cancerous cells move from their primary site to establish secondary tumours at a distant location. The capacity of cells to migrate through a tissue depends on their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinases are the main protease enzymes involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The release of these enzymes is important, not just for normal immune and inflammatory processes, but also for cancer.
Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: the mediating role of the positivity ratio
Authors: Moroń Marcin
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Emotional intelligence is a positive predictor of well-being,
and positive and negative affect were demonstrated to mediate
this relationship. In two studies the balance between
positive and negative affect (positivity ratio) is examined
as a mediating factor between perceived emotional intelligence
and satisfaction with life.

Participants and procedure

Three-hundred and sixteen individuals (50% female) participated
in the first study. Participants completed the
Self-perceived emotional intelligence questionnaire,
the Positive and negative affect scale, and the Satisfaction
with life scale. One hundred individuals (79% women)
participated in the second study. In the first measurement
participants completed the Emotional intelligence questionnaire,
the general Positive and negative affect scale,
and the Satisfaction with life scale, while in the second
measurement participants completed the Positive and
negative affect in the past week scale and the Satisfaction
with life scale.

Results

In the first study perceived emotional intelligence was positively
correlated with positivity ratio and satisfaction with
life, while positive ratio mediated between perceived emotional
intelligence and satisfaction with life. In the second
study, perceived emotional intelligence was positively correlated
with satisfaction with life and positivity ratios in
both measurements. The relationships between perceived
emotional intelligence and satisfaction with life (Time 2)
were fully mediated by satisfaction with life (Time 1), and
sequentially by positivity ratio (general) and satisfaction
with life (Time 1), and positivity ratio (general) and positivity
ratio (Time 2).

Conclusions

Individuals with high emotional intelligence tend to be
more satisfied with their lives, while higher positivity ratio
mediated between perceived emotional intelligence and
satisfaction with life.
The role of emotional reactions and retrospective assessment of parental attitudes in controlling destructive strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by junior high school students
Authors: Borecka-Biernat Danuta
Published: January 2019

Background

The purpose of our study was to search for the emotional and family aetiology of destructive strategies (aggression, avoidance, submission) for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents.

Participants and procedure

The questionnaire (KSMK) by Borecka-Biernat to study the strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents, the Three-Factor State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (TISCO) by Spielberger and Wrześniewski, as well as the Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) by Plopa were applied in the research. The empirical research was carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw and neighbouring towns. It covered 493 adolescents (269 girls and 224 boys) aged 13-15 years.

Results

According to the results of this study, interpersonal competence predicts perceived social support and self-esteem, and perceived social support predicts self-esteem. Perceived social support, which is the main focus of the research, plays a partial mediation role in the relationship between interpersonal competence and self-esteem.

Conclusions

The research result analysis revealed an interesting finding, i.e. few negative emotions and parental upbringing attitudes differentiated adolescents who applied aggression strategies from the ones who used strategies of avoidance and submission in a social conflict situation. This means that adolescents who use strategies of avoidance and submission in a social conflict situation are relatively homogeneous in the scope of the emotional and family variables researched.
Spatiotemporal Distributions of Icebergs in a Temperate Fjord:
Columbia Fjord, Alaska
Authors: Neuhaus Sarah U. , Tulaczyk Slawek M. , Branecky Begeman Carolyn
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Fjord-terminating glaciers account for the majority of recent sea level rise. Inside fjords, icebergs may affect glacier-ocean interactions by cooling incoming ocean waters, enhancing vertical mixing, or by providing back stress on the terminus. However, relatively few studies have been performed on iceberg dynamics inside fjords, particularly outside of Greenland. We examine icebergs calved from Columbia Glacier, Alaska, over eight months spanning late winter to mid-fall using 0.5-meter resolution satellite imagery, identifying icebergs based on pixel brightness. Iceberg sizes fit a power-law distribution with an overall power-law exponent, m, of −1.26 ± 0.05. We find that iceberg calving rate, rather than water temperature, appears to be the major control on the exponent value. We also examine iceberg spatial distribution inside the fjord, and find that large icebergs (10,000 m2 − 100,000 m2 cross-sectional area) have low spatial correlation with icebergs of smaller sizes (correlation coefficients between 0.345 ± 0.132 and 0.490 ± 0.114, compared to 0.809 ± 0.052 − 0.989 ± 0.006 for the highly spatially-correlated smaller icebergs), due to their tendency to ground on the shallows. We estimate the surface area of icebergs in contact with incoming seawater to be 2.8 ± 0.58 × 104 m2. When compared with our estimated terminus surface area, 9.7 ± 3.7 × 105 m2, we expect iceberg impact on the heat content of the incoming seawater to be negligible in this fjord. Additionally, we find mechanical buttressing of the glacier to be negligible due to low iceberg density near the calving front and lack of winter sea ice in the fjord.
Om nödvändigheten av undervisning i förskolan – Exemplet matematik
Authors: Björklund Camilla , Pramling Samuelsson Ingrid , Reis Maria
Published: January 2019

Artikeln diskuterar lärande – undervisning – läroplansmål i svensk förskola, med utgångspunkt i revideringen av läroplanen för förskolan och rapporter som kritiserar förskolans bristande måluppfyllelse. Syftet är att på vetenskaplig grund problematisera undervisning och måluppfyllelse i förskolan med avseende på matematiklärande utifrån utvecklingspedagogiskt och variationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Med stöd i mångårig praktiknära förskoleforskning växer ett komplex fram i vår diskussion om förskolans uppdrag att stötta alla barns lärande där i synnerhet måluppfyllelse inte kan mätas som något externt, utan måste ses i relation till varje barns erfarenheter och förmågor. Kritiskt för förskolans måluppfyllelse ter sig förskollärares förmåga att tillämpa de teoretiska perspektiven som stöd för sådana didaktiska val förskolläraren behöver göra för att i sin undervisning främja barns lärande av specifika innehåll såsom matematik.
English abstract
The necessity of teaching in preschool – the example of mathematics
In this article we discuss the relationship between learning, teaching and curriculum goals in Swedish preschool, based on the current revisions in the preschool curriculum and reports directing critique concerning preschools’ lack in achieving the outcomes stated in the curriculum. The aim is to problematize teaching and specifically mathematics learning outcomes in preschool, taking developmental pedagogical and variation theoretical perspectives. Based on many years of research conducted in close collaboration with preschools, the complex nature of preschool practice and goals aiming to support every child’s learning emerges, where in particular learning outcomes as stated in the curriculum cannot be evaluated as an external feature, it has to be related to every child’s experiences and competences. Pre-school teachers’ ability to implement the theoretical perspectives seems to be critical for their didactical choices in teaching content such as mathematics.
Förskollärares perspektiv på musikundervisningens utmaningar för de yngsta barnen i förskolan
Authors: Lagerlöf Pernilla , Wallerstedt Cecilia
Published: January 2019

Enligt den svenska förskolans undervisande uppdrag ska alla barn få möjlighet att utveckla sin skapande förmåga. Forskning visar dock att förskollärare ofta känner sig osäkra på estetiska uttrycksformer, särskilt musik, och som följd undviker de att sjunga och spela med barn. Musik har samtidigt fått ett allt mindre utrymme i förskollärarutbildningen. I studien adresseras frågan vad ett musikundervisande arbete i förskolan innebär och vilka utmaningar förskollärare talar om i relation till arbetet med målstyrd undervisning i musik med förskolans yngsta barn. Studien är genomförd inom ramen för ett utvecklingsprojekt i samverkan med tre förskolor med 1–2-åriga barn. I projektet har fokusgruppssamtal med förskollärarna genomförts och detta har analyserats utifrån ett diskurspsykologiskt angreppssätt. Två tolkningsrepertoarer framträder i materialet: musik som känsla och musik som ämne, där förskollärarrollerna skiljer sig åt. En slutsats är att ett ämnesadekvat språk är viktigt för möjliggörandet av undervisningsuppdraget. Här befinns lärarutbildningen spela en central roll.
English abstract
Preschool teachers’ perspectives on the challenges of music education for the youngest children in preschool
According to the preschool’s educational mission, all children should be given the opportunity to develop their creative ability. Research, however, shows that preschool teachers often feel insecure about aesthetic expressions, especially music, and as a result, they avoid singing and playing with children. At the same time music has gained less space in pre-school teacher education. The study addresses the question of how music education in pre-school plays out and what challenges preschool teachers talk about in relation to the work on goal-oriented teaching in music with the youngest children in preschool. The study is conducted in the framework of a development project in collaboration with three pre-schools educating 1–2 year-olds. In the project, a focus group discussion with the teachers has been conducted and this has been analysed based on a discourse psychological approach. Two interpretative repertoires appear in the material: music as a feeling and music as a subject content, where the preschool-teachers’ roles differ. One conclusion is that a subject-specific language is a clear facilitator for the teaching assignment. Here, teacher education is found to play a central role.
Undervisning från svenska förskolechefers perspektiv: Spänningar mellan förväntningar och erfarenheter
Authors: Hildén Ebba , Hultman Annica Löfdahl , Bergh Andreas
Published: January 2019

Syftet med den här studien är att bidra med kunskap om svenska förskolechefers användning av begreppet undervisning i förskolan. Genom en begreppshistorisk analys (Koselleck 2004) studeras relationen mellan den förväntanshorisont och de erfarenhetsrum som kan urskiljas i förskolechefernas uttryck. Det empiriska materialet består av ljudinspelade samtal inom ramen för en kompetensutvecklingsinsats om undervisning i förskolan och en enkätstudie där förskolechefer svarat på öppna frågor om undervisning med en uppföljande fördjupande intervju. Studien synliggör de förväntningar som förskolechefer laddar i undervisningsbegreppet, där undervisningsbegreppet ska börja användas samtidigt som verksamheten inte radikalt behöver förändras, utan som en av informanterna uttrycker sig, ”förgyllas”. Trots detta framgår det av studien att begreppet undervisning rymmer en rad spänningsförhållanden. Allra tydligast handlar det om hur det tidigare kollegiala ansvarstagandet nu utmanas av ett mer uppdelat ansvar. Detta öppnar sammantaget för framtida betydelseförskjutningar i undervisningsbegreppet såväl som möjliga förändringar i förskolans praktik.
English abstract
Teaching in preschool from preschool managers’ perspectives: tensions between expectations and experiences
This study aims to contribute knowledge about Swedish preschool managers’ usage of the concept of teaching in preschool. Concept analysis (Koselleck 2004) is carried out, which is supported by the analytical concepts of horizon of expectation and space of experience. The empirical material consists of sound recorded talks and a survey with open questions about teaching in preschool with one follow-up-interview in order to deepen the survey results. The results of the analysis show preschool managers expectations on the staff to starting to use the concept, however, without no radical changes in their practice. Rather, as one manager expressed – it is about to ”gild” the practice. Nevertheless, the study shows that the concept holds a range of tensions, where for example earlier collegial responsibility is challenged by a more divided responsibility. Such tensions enable possible changes in the meaning of the concept as well as changes in preschool practice
Narration in Two Versions of “Virginius and Virginia”
Authors: Spearing A. C.
Published: January 2019

This article reconsiders Gower's “Virginius and Virginia” (Confessio Amantis, 7.5131–306) and Chaucer's Physician's Tale, along with modern interpretations of them, in the light of the relation between medieval narrative and modern narrative theory. It argues that neither narrative has a fictional narrator, that the narratorial I of the Physician's Tale is best understood as Chaucer, and more generally that application of the modern concept of the unreliable narrator to medieval narratives is unhistorical and distorting.