bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Not just any old place: people, places and sustainability
Authors: Owen Alice , Mitchell Gordon , Clarke Martin
Published: January 2012

Civil engineering solutions are routinely responsive to the places where those solutions are going to be built and the physical aspects of places are integral to good design. Other characteristics of a place, in particular its social or economic geography, will affect the design, implementation and impact of many civil engineering projects. This paper attempts to summarise, from an early examination of limited literature and by linking to ‘types’ of civil engineering projects, how people who live in a particular location respond to such projects, and what is driving their response. The focus remains on what this means for the engineer rather than how the engineer might participate in or improve upon those processes themselves. The location of a project influences whether the impact of a project will be as intended by the designers, and whether it will bring social benefits to the communities affected. The paper explores the research questions that could be answered to improve sustainability performance, suggesting that engineers might consider the need for participative processes in design and implementation more systematically, and suggests that there is a need to acknowledge cultural attachments to landscapes and place in project design and implementation.
High richness and dense seeding enhance grassland restoration establishment but have little effect on drought response
Authors: Carter Daniel L. , Blair John M.
Published: January 2012

Restorations commonly utilize seed addition to formerly arable lands where the development of native plant communities is severely dispersal limited. However, variation in seed addition practices may profoundly affect restoration outcomes. Theory and observations predict that species‐rich seed mixtures and seeding at high densities should enhance native plant community establishment, minimize exotic species cover, and may promote resistance and resilience to, and recovery from, environmental perturbations. We studied the post‐seeding establishment of native plant communities in large grassland restoration plots, which were sown at two densities crossed with two levels of species richness on formerly arable land in Nebraska, USA, and their responses to drought. To evaluate drought resistance, recovery, and resilience of restored plant communities, we erected rainfall manipulation structures and tracked the response of seeded species cover and total plant biomass during experimental drought relative to controls and in the post‐drought growing season. High seed richness and high‐density seeding treatments resulted in greater richness and cover of native, seeded species per 0.5 m2 compared to low‐richness and low‐density treatments. Cover differences in response to seed mixture richness were driven by native forbs. Richness and cover of exotic species were lowest in high‐richness and high‐density treatments. We found little evidence of differential drought resistance, recovery, and resilience among seeding treatments. Increases in exotic species across years were restricted to drought subplots, and were not affected by seeding treatments. Grassland restoration was generally enhanced and exotic cover reduced both by the use of high‐richness seed mixtures and high‐density seeding. Given the lack of restoration treatment effects on the resistance, recovery, or resilience of seeded species exposed to drought, and the increases in exotic species following drought, other forms of active management may be needed to produce restored plant communities that are robust to climate change.
Spatial bottom‐up controls on fire likelihood vary across western North America
Authors: Parks Sean A. , Parisien Marc-André , Miller Carol
Published: January 2012

The unique nature of landscapes has challenged our ability to make generalizations about the effects of bottom‐up controls on fire regimes. For four geographically distinct fire‐prone landscapes in western North America, we used a consistent simulation approach to quantify the influence of three key bottom‐up factors, ignitions, fuels, and topography, on spatial patterns of fire likelihood. We first developed working hypotheses predicting the influence of each factor based on its spatial structure (i.e., autocorrelation) in each of the four study areas. We then used a simulation model parameterized with extensive fire environment data to create high‐resolution maps of fire likelihood, or burn probability (BP). To infer the influence of each bottom‐up factor within and among study areas, these BP maps were compared to parallel sets of maps in which one of the three bottom‐up factors was randomized. Results showed that ignition pattern had a relatively minor influence on the BP across all four study areas, whereas the influence of fuels was large. The influence of topography was the most equivocal among study areas; it had an insignificant influence in one study area and was the dominant control in another. We also found that the relationship between the influence of these factors and their spatial structure appeared nonlinear, which may have important implications for management activities aimed at attenuating the effect of fuels or ignitions on wildfire risk. This comparative study using landscapes with different biophysical and fire regime characteristics demonstrates the importance of employing consistent methodology to pinpoint the influence of bottom‐up controls.
The Combination of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole Improves Clinical and Microbiologic Results of One‐Stage, Full‐Mouth, Ultrasonic Debridement in Aggressive Periodontitis Treatment
Authors: Casarin Renato C.V. , Peloso Ribeiro Érica Del , Sallum Enilson A. , Nociti Francisco H. , Gonçalves Reginaldo B. , Casati Márcio Z.
Published: January 2012

Background: The aim of the present study is to assess clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic benefits of amoxicillin/metronidazole (AM) when performing full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) treatment.

Methods: Twenty‐four GAgP patients were divided into two groups: the FMUD group (n = 12), which received FMUD plus placebo, and the FMUD+AM group (n = 12), which received FMUD and 375 mg amoxicillin plus 250 mg metronidazole for 7 days. The following clinical outcomes were tested: plaque and bleeding on probing indices, pocket probing depth (PD), relative gingival margin position (GMP), and relative clinical attachment level (CAL). Total amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentration of interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐1β were also determined. All clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic parameters were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post‐therapy. The ANOVA/Tukey test was used for statistical analysis (α = 5%).

Results: Amoxicillin/metronidazole used as an adjunct to the FMUD protocol added clinical and microbiologic benefits to GAgP treatment (P <0.05). FMUD+AM groups presented an additional PD reduction in initially deep PDs at the 3‐month follow‐up (3.99 ± 1.16 mm and 3.09 ± 0.78 mm for FMUD+AM and FMUD, respectively; P <0.05), a lower number of residual pockets at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups, and a statistical reduction in amounts of Aa (P <0.05). Analysis of Tf and Pg amounts, as well as IL‐10 and IL‐1β GCF concentrations failed to demonstrate a difference between the groups (P >0.05).

Conclusion: It may be concluded that amoxicillin/metronidazole improves clinical and microbiologic results of FMUD in GAgP treatment.
Trading quality and breadmaking performance of wheat treated with natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth
Authors: Bodroza-Solarov Marija , Kljajic Petar , Andric Goran , Prazic-Golic Marijana , Filipcev Bojana , Simurina Olivera , Adamovic Milan
Published: January 2012

The aim of study was to investigate the influence of naturally occurring
zeolite and diatomaceous earth, as inert dusts approved for insect pest
control in certified organic crop production, on trading and breadmaking
quality of treated wheat. The treatments significantly reduced the trading
quality of wheat which was reflected through lowering of test weight. This
effect was more marked in the case of low-vitreous wheat rather than in
high-vitreous one. Investigation of rheological properties of flours made
from the treated wheat demonstrated that treatments with natural zeolite and
diatomaceous earth at all applied doses significantly increased the water
absorption, which consequently increased the bread yield. However, these
changes in the flour properties were not high enough to modify the quality
attributes of bread as was shown by instrumentally measuring crumb hardness
and springiness as well as sensory evaluation.
Validation study of a rapid colorimetric method for the determination of phytic acid and inorganic phosphorus from seeds
Authors: Dragicevic Vesna , Sredojevic Slobodanka , Peric Vesna , Nisavic Anika , Srebric Mirjana
Published: January 2012

Phytate, as an important mineral storage compound in seeds, is vital for
seed/grain development; it is often considered to be an antinutritional
substance. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and inexpensive
colorimetric method of measuring phytate and inorganic P (Pi) concentrations
from maize, soybean and sunflower seed/grain extracts, by combining adequate
precision and simplicity, ideal for breeders interested in improving
simultaneously Pi and phytate levels. The investigated extraction mediums:
double distilled (DD) H2O, 2.4 % HCl and 5 % trichloracetic acid (TCA) were
proved to be suitable for the analysis of phytic acid and inorganic
phosphorus in seed extracts. The advantages of 5 % TCA over to DD H2O and 2.4
% HCl were reflected through the low limit of detection for both phytic acid
and Pi and good recovery with low bias. A low detection limit for Pi is
important for samples with naturally low Pi concentrations, such as soybean
seeds.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two strawberry cultivars
Authors: Djilas Sonja , Tepic Aleksandra , Savatovic Sladjana , Sumic Zdravko , Canadanovic-Brunet Jasna , Cetkovic Gordana , Vulic Jelena
Published: January 2012

The macro- and micro-chemical composition, as well as antioxidant activity of
two strawberry cultivars, Marmolada and Clery, were studied. Results showed a
noticeable difference in the sugar, protein and pectin contents. Clery had
6.92% and Marmolada 4.93% of total sugar. Also, protein and pectin contents
were higher in the Clery cultivar. No significant difference was observed in
acidity, as well as in ash and cellulose content. Marmolada had a higher
content of total phenolics and flavonoids (228.04 mg GAE /100 g FW and 136.01
mg RE/100 g FW, respectively ). The anthocyanins content in Marmolada (32.0
mg CGE/100 g FW) was slightly lower than in Clery (36.0 mg CGE/100 g FW). The
antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically, using
2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. The
DPPH free radical scavenging activity, expressed as EC50 value, of Marmolada
(0.77 mg/ml )was higher than of Clery (0.83 mg/ml). There was a significant
positive correlation (R2>0.90) between the concentration of
phenolics/flavonoids/anthocyanins and DPPH radical scavenging activity of
both strawberry cultivars. These results also showed that the antioxidant
value of 100 g FW Marmolada and Clery is equivalent to 237.91 mg and 219.01
mg of vitamin C, respectively.
Application of Peleg model to study mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of apple in sugar beet molasses
Authors: Misljenovic Nevena , Koprivica Gordana , Pezo Lato , Kuljanin Tatjana , Bodroza-Solarov Marija , Filipcev Bojana
Published: January 2012

The applicability of Peleg equation was examined for the description of mass
transfer during osmotic dehydration (OD) of apple in sugar beet molasses.
Mass transfer was investigated in terms of water loss (WL) and solid gain
(SG), during OD in 40-80% sugar beet molasses solutions, at 45, 55 and 65?C.
High regression coefficients obtained for Peleg constants (R2>0.975) indicate
good fit to the experimental data. The Peleg rate constant varied from 0.144
to 0.785 (g/g i.s.w.) and from 2.006 to 4.436 (g/g i.s.w.) for WL and SG,
respectively. The Peleg capacity constant varied from 1.142 to 1.553 (h g/g
i.s.w.) and from 8.254 to 11.930 (h g/g i.s.w.) for WL and SG, respectively.
The equilibrium WL? and SG? were estimated using the Peleg model. In
addition, the activation energy (Ea) for WL and SG was determined from the
relationship between the Peleg rate constant and Arrhenius equation.
Importance of cultivar and harvest date on the yield and processing quality of sugar beet
Authors: Radivojevic Stevan , Grbic Jasna , Jevtic-Mucibabic Rada , Filipovic Vlada
Published: January 2012

The results assessed from sugar beet microtrials at Kljajicevo (Serbia) in
2010 harvested at three harvest periods demonstrated that the average root
yield tended to increase from the first to the third harvest period. The
average increase in root yield between the first and the second harvest
period was 29.06 t ha-1 or 32.76%, between the second and the third period
14.77 t ha-1 or 12.54% and between the first and the third period 43.83 t
ha-1 or 49.40%. In average, the content of sugar in root showed a similar
tendency. The highest increase in this parameter was registered between the
second and the third harvest period and it amounted to 1.00% abs. Other
indicators of sugar beet processing quality showed a slow increase or slight
decrease depending on the harvest date, probably due to plentiful rainfall in
September. Mean granulated sugar yield had an increasing tendency: 3.413 t
ha-1 or 32.82% between the first and the second harvest period, 2.820 t ha-1
or 20.42% between the second and the third and 6.233 t ha-1 or 59.94% between
the first and the third period.
The influence of inulin addition on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of reduced-fat cooked sausages
Authors: Sojic Branislav , Petrovic Ljiljana , Pesovic Biljana , Tomovic Vladimir , Jokanovic Marija , Dzinic Natalija , Salitrezic Pavle
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of
reduced-fat (approximately 35 % lower) cooked sausage, made with addition of
5% inulin, (sausage A) were examined and compared with those of
conventionally cooked sausage (sausage B). Chemical composition was evaluated
according to standard ISO methods. Instrumental measurements of colour
(L
Analysis of pretreatments of sugar beet shreds for bioethanol production in respect of cellulose hydrolysis and waste flows
Authors: Ivetic Darjana , Vasic Vesna , Sciban Marina , Antov Mirjana
Published: January 2012

This paper analyzes some chemical pretreatments of sugar beet shreds
concerning generated waste flows and yield of reducing sugars obtained by
enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated material. Waste flows produced in
pretreatments of sugar beet shreds originated from pectin and lignin removal
from raw material. Suitability of substrates prepared in single and two-step
pretreatment procedure for enzymatic hydrolysis was determined based on the
yield of reducing sugars released by cellulase action on them, while
different possibilities of processing of wastewaters were discussed based on
the characteristic of waste flows.
Estimation of the correlation between the retention of s-triazine derivatives and some molecular descriptors
Authors: Jevric Lidija , Koprivica Gordana , Misljenovic Nevena , Tepic Aleksandra , Kuljanin Tatjana , Jovanovic Bratislav
Published: January 2012

In this study, 14 newly synthesized s-triazine derivatives were investigated
by means of reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on C-18 stationary
and two different mobile phases: acetonitrile-water and methanol-water.
Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) was developed for a
series of s-triazine compounds by the multiple linear regression (MLR)
analysis. An MLR procedure was used to model the relationships between
molecular descriptors and retention of s-triazine derivatives.
Physico-chemical molecular descriptors were calculated from the optimized
structures. Statistically significant and physically meaningful QSRRs were
obtained.
Trans-border (north-east Serbia/north-west Bulgaria) correlations of the Jurassic lithostratigraphic units
Authors: Tchoumatchenco Platon , Rabrenovic Dragoman , Radulovic Vladan , Malesevic Nenad , Radulovic Barbara
Published: January 2012

Herein, correlations of the Jurassic sediments from NE Serbia with those of
NW Bulgaria are made. The following Jurassic palaeogeographic units: the
Eastern Getic, the Infra-Getic and the Moesian Platform are included in the
study. The East Getic was studied in the outcrops near Rgotina, where the
sedimentation started in the Hettangian and continued during the
Callovian-Late Jurassic and is represented by platform carbonates. The
Infra-Getic is documented by the sections of Dobra (Pesaca) and the
allochtonous sediments near the Stubik. Very important for the Infra-Getic
are the Late Jurassic volcano-sedimentary deposits of the Vratarnica Series,
which crop out near Vratarnica Village. The Jurassic Moesian platform was
studied in the sections near D. Milanovac and Novo Korito (Serbia) and in
their prolongation in NW Bulgaria into the Gornobelotintsi palaeograben. Very
important are the correlation in the region of Vrska Cuka (Serbia) and
Vrashka Chuka (Bulgaria) - Rabisha Village (Magura Cave). A revision of the
Jurassic sediments on the Vidin palaeohorst, which were studied in the
Belogradchik palaeohorst, Gorno-Belotintsi palaeograben, Belimel palaeohorst
and the Mihaylovgrad palaeograben, is made. The sedimentation on the Vidin
palaeohorst started during different parts of the Middle Jurassic, and in the
Mihaylovgrad palaeograben during the Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) where the
sediments were deposited in relatively deeper water conditions. To south, the
relatively shallow water sediments deposited on the Jurassic Vratsa
palaeohorst on the southern board of the Mihaylovgrad palaeograben are
described.
Trans-border (east Serbia/west Bulgaria) correlation of the morpho-tectonic structures
Authors: Tchoumatchenco Platon , Rabrenovic Dragoman , Radulovic Vladan , Radulovic Barbara , Malesevic Nenad
Published: January 2012

In the Bulgarian and Serbian geological literatures, many maps, both
geological and tectonic, exist showing the structures, but limiting them
nationally. There are very few publications correlating the structures from
both sides of the border and they preserve the local Bulgarian or Serbian
names. Our aim is to create a base for the unification of the names defining
the major morpho-tectonic structures: the Moesian Platform, the Miroc -
Fore-Balkan Unit, the Porec-Stara Planina Unit, the Krayna Unit, the Getic -
Srednogorie Unit, the Supra Getic - Kraishtide Zone, the Serbo-Macedonian -
Thracian Massif and the Vardar Zone, showing their synonyms from the
Bulgarian and Serbian sides.
Late Cretaceous marine biodiversity dynamics in the Eastern Caucasus, northern Neo-Tethys ocean: Regional imprints of global events
Authors: Ruban Dmitry , Forster Astrid , Desmares Delphine
Published: January 2012

During the Late Cretaceous, marine organisms experienced significant changes
in their biodiversity. These diversity changes were influenced, particularly,
by the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 near the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (93.6
Ma). Here, stratigraphic ranges of 80 marine macroinvertebrate genera
(cephalopods, brachiopods, gastropods, corals, and echinoids) were employed
to assess the Late Cretaceous biodiversity dynamics in the Eastern Caucasus,
which covered a large region located in the northern Neo-Tethys Ocean. Our
results outline three prominent diversity minima, which occurred in the late
Cenomanian-late Turonian, the early Santonian-late Campanian, and the late
Maastrichtian. Probably, the latter two were just local. Despite of some
differences in trends between the regional and global marine biodiversity
dynamics, the late Cenomanian-late Turonian biotic crisis appeared both on
the regional and global scales and was probably a long-term consequence of
the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. Oxygen depletion and eustaticallydriven shoreline
shifts are considered as plausible causes of the observed biodiversity
dynamics.
Social constructivism in the field of education and learning
Authors: Milutinovic Jovana
Published: January 2012

Social constructivism is, first and foremost, the theory of knowledge focused
on the role of social processes in knowledge creation. Its proponents are
interested in interactions among people which are observed as the ways
through which shared versions of knowledge are constructed. Starting from the
widely acknowledged need for learning with deep understanding and increased
interest in the social context of learning, the paper theoretically analyses
social constructivism and its influence on educational practice. The goal is
to critically re-examine the social constructivist perspective as a theory of
teaching and learning and point out to its educational values based on
certain conclusions mentioned in the literature. The paper also explores and
highlights the basic starting points of social constructivism as well as its
different interpretations. In addition, the paper studies relevant issues for
education and learning suitable for applying social constructivism, both at
the institutional and interpersonal level. It is concluded that social
constructivism, applied in practice as a culture rather than as a set of
isolated activities, is highly significant for understanding the complexity
of the phenomenon of teaching and learning in school context, as well as for
providing concrete guiding ideas (learning through cooperation, discovering
and solving problems, joint exploration of knowledge and world
reinterpretation) for enhancing educational theory and practice.
Physical self-concept of normal-weight and overweight adolescents: Gender specificities
Authors: Lazarevic Dusanka , Radisavljevic-Janic Snezana , Milanovic Ivana , Lazarevic Ljiljana
Published: January 2012

Previous researchers have described the relation between physical
self-concept and body mass in adolescents, but those relationships have not
been clearly specified by gender. The purpose of this study is to explore
physical self-concepts of normal-weight and over-weight Serbian adolescents
with respect to gender. The sample consisted of 417 primary school students
(229 boys and 188 girls) with the average age 13.6 (SD=0.73) years who were
divided into normal-weight and overweight groups according to body mass
index. To assess the multidimensional physical self-concept, Physical
Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) was administered. Results showed that
overweight adolescents had significantly lower scores than normal-weight on
all PSDQ scales except Health and Strength. Differences were greater among
girls than boys. Discriminant analysis showed that the scales Body Fat,
Endurance and Sports Competence best differentiated normal-weight boys from
other students. Also, discriminant analysis showed that, besides the scale
Body Fat, scales Flexibility, Self-Esteem, and Coordination best
differentiated normal-weight girls from other students. Results indicate that
for better understanding of the relationship between adolescent?s physical
self-concept and body mass one must take gender into account. Results are
potentially valuable for preventing overweight through physical education.
Production, Creative Firms and Urban Space in Shanghai
Authors: Zhong Sheng
Published: January 2012

This paper examines the firms in Shanghai’s official “Creative Industry Clusters (CICs)”. It aims to contribute to the creative city debate by unveiling the relationships between the production of new economy firms and the reconstruction of urban space in the Chinese context. Based on questionnaire surveys conducted in 2009, the paper finds that Shanghai’s creative firms are new, small and flexible and this image conforms to the prototypical “creative firms” described in widely cited Western literature. The paper argues that Shanghai’s CICs represent a market- oriented, fluid, and risk-taking production culture that is a break from the city’s socialist past. However, Shanghai’s new economy spaces in the making are faced with many constraints and contradictions. On the one hand, although market and neoliberalized urban spaces are providing critical resources for firms to grow at a time of state retreat, they also imposes risks, such as career instability, confusion for creative talents and cost pressure for new firms. On the other hand, the state’s ideological control reinforces the market’s homogenizing effect on cultural production. Therefore, Shanghai’s trajectory toward greater innovation and creativity are far from guaranteed despite fast proliferation of creative clusters in the city in the past decade.
The Art of Re-Industrialisation in Shanghai
Authors: Gu Xin
Published: January 2012

This paper deals with the development of ’art clusters’ and their relocation in the city of Shanghai. It first looks at the revival of the city’s old inner city industrial area (along banks of Suzhou River) through ’organic’ or ’alternative’ artist-led cultural production; second, it describes the impact on these activities of the industrial restructuring of the wider city, reliant on large-scale real estate development, business services and global finance; and finally, outlines the relocation of these arts (and related) cultural industries to dispersed CBD locations as a result of those spatial, industrial and policy changes.
(Re-)Reading Shanghai’s Futures in Ruins: Through the Legend of an (Extra-)Ordinary Woman in The Song of Everlasting Sorrow: A Novel of Shanghai
Authors: Ho-yin Fong Ian
Published: January 2012

This essay is an allegorical reading of Shanghai futures through a fictive woman, Wang Qiyao, in Wang Anyi’s novel, The Song of Everlasting Sorrow: A Novel of Shanghai (1996). The novel is about her life in China from the 1940s to the 1980s. Using Benjamin’s critique of 19th century Paris in relation to Shanghai in the 1930s and 1940s (“the Paris of the Orient”) the essay examines questions of phantasmagoria, nostalgia, memory and awakening and relates these to the possible Shanghai futures to come.
Queering/Querying Cosmopolitanism: Queer Spaces in Shanghai
Authors: Bao Hongwei
Published: January 2012

This article examines different types of queer spaces in contemporary Shanghai together with the various same-sex subjects that inhabit these spaces. In doing so, it discusses the impact of transnational capitalism, the nation state and local histories on the construction of urban spaces and identities. Combining queer studies and urban ethnography, this article points to the increasing social inequalities hidden behind the notion of urban cosmopolitanism created by the deterritorializing and meanwhile territorializing forces of transnational capital and the state. It also sheds light on how these various identities and spaces are lived and experienced by ordinary people, as well as possible ways of resistance to the dominant narratives.
Fucosylation Is a Promising Target for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Miyoshi Eiji , Moriwaki Kenta , Terao Naoko , Tan Cheng-Cheng , Terao Mika , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Matsumoto Hitoshi , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Kamada Yoshihiro
Published: January 2012

Oligosaccharides, sequences of carbohydrates conjugated to proteins and lipids, are arguably the most abundant and structurally diverse class of molecules. Fucosylation is one of the most important oligosaccharide modifications involved in cancer and inflammation. Recent advances in glycomics have identified several types of glyco-biomarkers containing fucosylation that are linked to certain types of cancer. Fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma because it is more specific than alpha-fetoprotein. High levels of fucosylated haptoglobin have also been found in sera of patients with various carcinomas. We have recently established a simple lectin-antibody ELISA to measure fucosylated haptoglobin and to investigate its clinical use. Cellular fucosylation is dependent upon fucosyltransferase activity and the level of its donor substrate, guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-fucose. GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (GMDS) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of GDP-fucose. Mutations of GMDS found in colon cancer cells induced a malignant phenotype, leading to rapid growth in athymic mice resistant to natural killer cells. This review describes the role of fucosylated haptoglobin as a cancer biomarker, and discusses the possible biological role of fucosylation in cancer development.
Experimental Research on the Mechanical Properties of Methane Hydrate-Ice Mixtures
Authors: Li Yanghui , Song Yongchen , Liu Weiguo , Yu Feng
Published: January 2012

The mechanical properties of methane hydrate are important to the stability of borehole and methane extraction from a methane hydrate reservoir. In this study, a series of triaxial compression tests were carried out on laboratory-formed methane hydrate-ice mixtures with various methane hydrate contents. Axial loading was conducted at an axial strain rate of 1.33%/min and a constant temperature of −10 °C. The results indicate that: (1) the deformation behavior is strongly affected by confining pressure and methane hydrate content; (2) the failure strength significantly increases with confining pressure when confining pressure is less than 10 MPa, and decreases with methane hydrate content; (3) the cohesion decreases with methane hydrate content, while the internal friction angle increases with methane hydrate content; (4) the strength of ice specimens are higher than that of methane hydrate-ice mixture specimens; Based on the experimental data, the relationship among failure strength, confining pressure and methane hydrate content was obtained, and a modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion considering the influence of methane hydrate content on shear strength was proposed.
Personalized Medicine and Cancer
Authors: Verma Mukesh
Published: January 2012

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, and more than 1.5 million new cases and more than 0.5 million deaths were reported during 2010 in the United States alone. Following completion of the sequencing of the human genome, substantial progress has been made in characterizing the human epigenome, proteome, and metabolome; a better understanding of pharmacogenomics has been developed, and the potential for customizing health care for the individual has grown tremendously. Recently, personalized medicine has mainly involved the systematic use of genetic or other information about an individual patient to select or optimize that patient’s preventative and therapeutic care. Molecular profiling in healthy and cancer patient samples may allow for a greater degree of personalized medicine than is currently available. Information about a patient’s proteinaceous, genetic, and metabolic profile could be used to tailor medical care to that individual’s needs. A key attribute of this medical model is the development of companion diagnostics, whereby molecular assays that measure levels of proteins, genes, or specific mutations are used to provide a specific therapy for an individual’s condition by stratifying disease status, selecting the proper medication, and tailoring dosages to that patient’s specific needs. Additionally, such methods can be used to assess a patient’s risk factors for a number of conditions and to tailor individual preventative treatments. Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives of personalized medicine in cancer are discussed.
Mild and Efficient Winterfeldt Oxidation of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-γ-carbolines for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]-quinolones and Pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones
Authors: Sheng Rong , Zhu Jiangwei , Hu Yongzhou
Published: January 2012

The Winterfeldt oxidation (NaOH, DMF, air, rt) of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-γ-carbolines has been developed, which provides a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of the corresponding dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones in moderate to excellent yields (38–94%). The generality and substrate scope of this reaction are explored and a possible mechanism is proposed. The results imply that electron-withdrawing groups on N2 of tetrahydro-γ-carbolines and N5-H are necessary. The synthesis of 5 or 7-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones in near quantitative yields was also achieved through deprotection and aromatization of N1-Boc-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones.
Protective Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Injury in Rats
Authors: Chen Gang , Fu Yunrui , Wu Xiaohou
Published: January 2012

The present study investigates the effect of pre-treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extracts (SMEE) on renal function markers, immunity and antioxidant activities in renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) rats. Wistar rat kidneys were subjected to 60 min of global ischemia at 37 °C followed by 30 min of reperfusion, and were randomly assigned into the sham, IR model and three SMEE-treated groups (n = 8 per group). Results showed that high serum creatinin (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialhehyde (MDA) levels, and low antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in IR rats compared to the sham rats. Pre-treatment of Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extracts for 20 days prior to IR operation improved renal function, reduced IR induced renal inflammatory and oxidative injury. It is concluded that Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extracts could be beneficial in the treatment of renal ischemic injury.
Complete Vision-Based Traffic Sign Recognition Supported by an I2V Communication System
Authors: García-Garrido Miguel A. , Ocaña Manuel , Llorca David F. , Arroyo Estefanía , Pozuelo Jorge , Gavilán Miguel
Published: January 2012

This paper presents a complete traffic sign recognition system based on vision sensor onboard a moving vehicle which detects and recognizes up to one hundred of the most important road signs, including circular and triangular signs. A restricted Hough transform is used as detection method from the information extracted in contour images, while the proposed recognition system is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM). A novel solution to the problem of discarding detected signs that do not pertain to the host road is proposed. For that purpose infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication and a stereo vision sensor are used. Furthermore, the outputs provided by the vision sensor and the data supplied by the CAN Bus and a GPS sensor are combined to obtain the global position of the detected traffic signs, which is used to identify a traffic sign in the I2V communication. This paper presents plenty of tests in real driving conditions, both day and night, in which an average detection rate over 95% and an average recognition rate around 93% were obtained with an average runtime of 35 ms that allows real-time performance.
Sustainable Product Service Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Opportunities in the Leather Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Hernández Pardo Ricardo J. , Bhamra Tracy , Bhamra Ran
Published: January 2012

This paper presents an approach to identify opportunities to develop sustainable Product Service Systems (PSS) involving Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of the research is to build understanding of how the integration of product and service design and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can contribute to identify opportunities to develop sustainable PSS involving SMEs. In order to develop the approach, research with 16 Colombian Manufacturing SMEs was carried out. A reference model and four generic types of PSS according to the relationships between product and service design and ICT are used to analyse the data. Finally, the possibility of extending the approach into a general framework to work with other industries is discussed.
Efficient oxidation of oleanolic acid derivatives using magnesium bis(monoperoxyphthalate) hexahydrate (MMPP): A convenient 2-step procedure towards 12-oxo-28-carboxylic acid derivatives
Authors: Salvador Jorge A R , Moreira Vânia M , Pinto Rui M A , Leal Ana S , Paixão José A
Published: January 2012

A new, straightforward and high yielding procedure to convert oleanolic acid derivatives into the corresponding δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones, by using the convenient oxidizing agent magnesium bis(monoperoxyphthalate) hexahydrate (MMPP) in refluxing acetonitrile, is reported. In addition, a two-step procedure for the preparation of oleanolic 12-oxo-28-carboxylic acid derivatives directly from Δ12-oleananes, without the need for an intermediary work-up, and keeping the same reaction solvent in both steps, is described as applied to the synthesis of 3,12-dioxoolean-28-oic acid.
Transdisciplinary Teamwork Simulation in Obstetrics–Gynecology Health Care Education
Authors: Posmontier Bobbie , Montgomery Kymberlee , Smith Glasgow Mary Ellen , Montgomery Owen C. , Morse Kate
Published: January 2012

This program evaluation was designed to assess whether a transdisciplinary teamwork simulation experience improves collaborative attitudes among women’s health students toward the goals of reducing medical errors and improving patient outcomes. This program evaluation used a pretest–posttest comparative design to measure changes in collaborative attitudes among 35 multidisciplinary women’s health students before and after a transdisciplinary simulation experience. Collaborative attitudes were measured by the Team Attitudes Questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, paired
t
tests, and post hoc item analysis. Findings suggest significant increases in collaborative attitudes for mutual support and communication but no significant increases in attitudes for structure, situation monitoring, or leadership from pretest to posttest. Trans-disciplinary simulation experiences among women’s health students may enhance mutual support and communication and promote better patient outcomes. Future research should focus on mechanisms to facilitate improvements in structure, situation monitoring, and leadership.
Discursos y praxis de la innovación en entidades de la C.A. del País Vasco: Un análisis aplicado
Authors: Galarraga Ezponda Auxkin , Luna García Álvaro , González Durán Sandra , Massa Carrasquello Marcelino
Published: January 2012

El presente artículo está basado en una investigación realizada por el grupo de investigación “Cambio, complejidad e Innovación” perteneciente a ASCIDE (Asociación Sociedad del Conocimiento, Desarrollo e Innovación), en un intento por dilucidar los discursos y las prácticas que giran en torno al concepto de innovación dentro de las entidades de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. El objetivo principal de este estudio era conocer los entresijos que envuelven al concepto de innovación y a las formas en las que dicho concepto se emplea más allá de las connotaciones empresariales y científicas que dicho concepto ya posee, extendiendo, por tanto, los ámbitos de análisis del mismo a lugares vinculados con la cultura, lo social, lo institucional y lo educativo.
Seismic Stratigraphy of the Laurentian Fan
Authors: Wilson E , Piper D J W
Published: January 2012

Seismic reflection profiles from seven cruises to the Laurentian Fan and adjacent continental slope have been interpreted and correlated. Key reflectors have been identified in each survey area and have been tentatively dated by correlation with the Dauntless
D-35 well. This sug­gests that the thickness of Quaternary sediments on the Laurentian Fan is about half that previously proposed. The Laurentian Fan consists of a sequence of Quaternary sediments that is similar to that seen elsewhere on the Scotian margin. In the upper Tertiary, channels with low
levees crossed the Laurentian Fan north of 43°N and opened onto a broad sandy valley termina­tion zone. Levees in the Pliocene grew higher and spread southward, thus prograding over the older valley-termination zone which must have also shifted southwards. With continued slumping of material
off the contin­ental slope down the channels in the Quaternary, the Laurentian Fan con­tinues its migration in a southeast direction, and much of the upper part of the fan was dissected. This Open File report presents a description of the profiles and their correlation, and about 30 examples of
seismic reflection profiles with interpreted key reflectors.
Geological assessment of shallow faults and structural disturbances from the eastern Scotian Shelf and Laurentian Channel area
Authors: Durling P W , Fader G B
Published: January 2012

An analysis of over 12,000 km of airgun seismic reflection profiles and Huntec DTS high resolution profiles revealed considerable tectonism on the eastern Scotian Shelf and Laurentian Channel area. Much of the deformation occurs within the bedrock of the Orpheus
Basin and on the Cape Breton Island Shelf. The deformation appears to be mainly pre-Quaternary, as structural deformation within the surficial sediments appears quite limited. However, only 2000 km of the high resolution seismic reflection profiles that could resolve surficial faulting exist in the
area.
Forty-two clearly defined bedrock faults and two surficial sediment faults were identified. Displacements of up to 35m were within pre-Quaternary bedrock. A displacement of 1m within the surficial sediments was the maximum recognized. A relationship between bedrock and surficial sediment faulting
was not determined mainly due to a lack of critical data. Furthur investigation with high resolution seismic reflection systems over areas of known bedrock faulting would resolve the relationships.
A 35 Mm Microfilm Compilation of Collected Analog Geophysical Data For AGC Cruise No. 85001, Scotian Slope and Laurentian Fan
Authors: Sherin A G , Hardy I A , Merchant S , Beaver D E , Holt D , Cash M
Published: January 2012

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) has investigated several methods of releasing to the public sector its massive collection (of over 150,000 lineal metres) of underway geophysical records collected since 1963. The
investigations and testing conducted by the Program Support Group, AGC in collaboration with the Public Archives of Canada indicated that the most cost-effective technique for distribution and for archiving such large volumes of irreplaceable data was to use microfilm. To maintain the continuous
nature of these records, which can be up to 30 metres in length, special equipment was required such as the Tameran 6000 continuous flow microfilm camera manufactured by Tameran Ltd. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio. All conversion of AGC's geophysical records using this camera was contracted to Manas Media
Ltd. of Ottawa, in consortium with Precision Microfilming Services of Halifax and Archimed Ltd. of Montreal. Operational filming began at the end of March 1987. A series of AGC cruises will be released in 35 mm microfilm and distributed as Geological Survey of Canada Open File reports during 1988.
Master microfilm is curated for each AGC cruise at the National Archives, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia with duplicates available for viewing at the Data Management Section (PSS), Atlantic Geoscience Centre and at the Geological Survey of Canada libraries in Ottawa, Calgary and
Vancouver.
A 35 mm Microfilm Compilation of Collected Bathymetry, Huntec, and Airgun Data For AGC Cruise No. 85044, Flemish Pass, Grand Banks of Newfoundland
Authors: Sherin A G , Hardy I A , Merchant S , Beaver D E , Holt D , Cash M
Published: January 2012

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) has investigated several methods ofreleasing to the public sector its massive collection (of over 150,000 lineal metres) of underway geophysical records collected since 1963. The
investigations and testing conducted by the Program Support Group, AGC in collaboration with the Public Archives of Canada indicated that the most cost-effective technique for distribution and for archiving such large volumes of irreplaceable data was to use microfilm. To maintain the continuous
nature of these records, which can be up to 30 metres in length, special equipment was required such as the Tameran 6000 continuous flow microfilm camera manufactured by Tameran Ltd. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio. All conversion of AGC's geophysical records using this camera was contracted to Manas Media
Ltd. of Ottawa, in consortium with Precision Microfilming Services of Halifax and Archimed Ltd. of Montreal. Operational filming began at the end of March 1987. A series of AGC cruise data will be released in 35 mm microfilm and distributed as Geological Survey of Canada Open File reports during
1988. Master microfilm is curated for each AGC cruise at the National Archives, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia with duplicates available for viewing at the Data Management Section (PSS), Atlantic Geoscience Centre and at all Geological Survey of Canada libraries in Ottawa, Calgary and
Vancouver.
A 35 mm Microfilm Compilation of Collected Bathymetry and Airgun Seismic Geophysical Data For AGC Cruise No. 85025, Continental Margin South of Flemish Cap
Authors: Sherin A G , Hardy I A , Merchant S , Beaver D E , Holt D , Cash M
Published: January 2012

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) has investigated several methods of releasing to the public sector its massive collection (of over 150,000 lineal metres) of underway geophysical records collected since 1963. The
investigations and testing conducted by the Program Support Group, AGC in collaboration with the Public Archives of Canada indicated that the most cost-effective technique for distribution and for archiving such large volumes of irreplaceable data was to use microfilm. To maintain the continuous
nature of these records, which can be up to 30 metres in length, special equipment was required such as the Tameran 6000 continuous flow microfilm camera manufactured by Tameran Ltd. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio. All conversion of AGC's geophysical records using this camera was contracted to Manas Media
Ltd. of Ottawa, in consortium with Precision Microfilming Services of Halifax and Archimed Ltd. of Montreal. Operational filming began at the end of March 1987. A series of AGC cruise data will be released in 35 mm microfilm and distributed as Geological Survey of Canada Open File reports during
1988. Master microfilm is curated for each AGC cruise at the National Archives, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia with duplicates available for viewing at the Data Management Section (PSS), Atlantic Geoscience Centre and at all Geological Survey of Canada libraries in Ottawa, Calgary and
Vancouver.
A Hybrid Model for Automatic Emotion Recognition in Suicide Notes
Authors: Yang Hui , Willis Alistair , De Roeck Anne , Nuseibeh Bashar
Published: January 2012

We describe the Open University team's submission to the 2011 i2b2/VA/Cincinnati Medical Natural Language Processing Challenge, Track 2 Shared Task for sentiment analysis in suicide notes. This Shared Task focused on the development of automatic systems that identify, at the sentence level, affective text of 15 specific emotions from suicide notes. We propose a hybrid model that incorporates a number of natural language processing techniques, including lexicon-based keyword spotting, CRF-based emotion cue identification, and machine learning-based emotion classification. The results generated by different techniques are integrated using different vote-based merging strategies. The automated system performed well against the manually-annotated gold standard, and achieved encouraging results with a micro-averaged F-measure score of 61.39% in textual emotion recognition, which was ranked 1st place out of 24 participant teams in this challenge. The results demonstrate that effective emotion recognition by an automated system is possible when a large annotated corpus is available.