bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Đột phá trong minh giải tài liệu địa chấn 3D để phát hiện các bẫy chứa địa tầng
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thinh  , Ha Quang Man
Published: April 2021

Bài báo giới thiệu phương pháp minh giải địa chấn toàn phần (global seismic interpretation method) được phát triển bởi Pauget và nnk. [1]. Mô hình 3D thời gian địa chất tương đối (3D relative geologic time, RGT) được xây dựng trực tiếp từ tài liệu địa chấn là kết quả của phương pháp này. Trong mô hình RGT, tuổi địa chất có sự tiếp diễn liên tục, được nội suy và xác định trên mọi điểm của tài liệu địa chấn 3D.

Tài liệu sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này là khối địa chấn Maui 3D, bể trầm tích Taranaki, ngoài khơi New Zealand. Mô hình RGT với số lượng 400 mặt phản xạ được đưa ra nhanh chóng trong quá trình minh giải. Kết quả cho thấy rõ ràng và chi tiết các đặc điểm địa chất ngay cả với khu vực địa chất phức tạp mà phương pháp minh giải địa chấn truyền thống khó minh giải. Ngoài ra, việc tích hợp các thuộc tính địa chấn (như Root Mean Square - RMS, Spectral Decomposition…) cho phép minh giải chi tiết hơn về địa tầng, chính xác hóa các yếu tố về cấu trúc địa chất, đặc trưng vỉa chứa và môi trường cổ trầm tích, từ đó có thể phát hiện các bẫy chứa địa tầng.
Análisis de los costos de producción del limón persa en el municipio de Tlapacoyan, Veracruz
Authors: Caamal Cauich Ignacio , Pat Fernández Verna Gricel , Jerónimo Ascencio Felipe , Santoyo Rodríguez Luis Enrique , Ramos García Jorge Guillermo
Published: April 2021

Veracruz. Los principales estados productores de limón persa son Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Yucatán y Puebla. En el estado de Veracruz los municipios productores que destacan son Martínez de la Torre, Atzalán, San Rafael, Tlapacoyan, Papantla y Misantla. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar los costos y la rentabilidad de la producción del limón persa en el municipio de Tlapacoyan, Veracruz. Se calcularon los costos y los indicadores de rentabilidad y de competitividad de la producción. La superficie sembrada y el volumen de la producción se han venido incrementando en la última década a nivel nacional, estatal y municipal. Los costos de producción obtenidos por hectárea de limón persa se encuentran en promedio en alrededor de 18,000 pesos. Los mayores gastos de producción se ubican en la aplicación de fertilizantes granulados, labores culturales y mano de obra por cosecha. El limón persa es un cultivo intensivo en mano de obra, los gastos en este rubro representan más del cincuenta por ciento del costo total de producción. Los indicadores de rentabilidad precio-costo y tasa de ganancia se encuentran por arriba de los valores críticos de rentabilidad. Los resultados demuestran que el cultivo de limón persa en el municipio de Tlapacoyan, Veracruz, es competitivo.
Contaminación Ambiental en el Norte de México: Cooperación Internacional para Subsanar la Degradación Ambiental
Authors: Herrera Izaguirre Juan Antonio , Lope Díaz Luis Hernán , García Govea Mayra , Manguin Guixeras Violeta , Escobedo Carreón Ramiro Aurelio
Published: April 2021

La cercana relación entre México y los Estados Unidos de América ha generado iniciativas binacionales para aminorar los problemas ambientales entre estos dos Estados en los últimos años. Dentro de los esfuerzos más importantes se encuentran la firma de acuerdos internacionales, como el Tratado de la Paz, el Acuerdo de Cooperación Ambiental de América del Norte y la creación de instituciones ambientales como el Programa Frontera 2012 y la Comisión de Cooperación Ambiental que buscan aminorar la degradación del medioambiente y de la diversidad biológica, afectadas principalmente por tres factores como son la sobrepoblación, las especies invasoras y el calentamiento global. El desempeño de estas iniciativas entre los dos Estados ha dado mucho que desear, particularmente cuando varias especies se encuentran en peligro de extinción y los casos de contaminación en ambos están en aumento. La presente investigación tiene como principales objetivos dar a conocer la gran diversidad biológica existente en la parte norte de nuestro país, así como el estudio de los diversos factores que la afectan como son la sobrepoblación, especies invasoras, etc. Un objetivo más es analizar diversas acciones que los gobiernos de Estados Unidos y México han emprendido en forma de acuerdos bilaterales para contrarrestar la contaminación del medio natural en la región norte del país.
GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME (GTS)- A RARELY DIAGNOSED AND UNDER REPORTED DISORDER IN NIGERIA
Authors: A Obembe , MA Yunusa , AT Bakare
Published: April 2021

Background: Tourette Syndrome (TS) is an uncommon neuropsychiatric disorder and less frequently diagnosed. The population prevalence estimate of TS in children was 0.3% to 0.9%. In Nigeria, this suggests that approximately 100,000 people are affected considering the estimated population of 200,000,000. Objective: To present a case report of a teenager with a diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Case Report: This is case report of a 15-year-old female secondary school student who presented to psychiatric department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital with 3 years history of verbal and physical aggression towards parents and siblings. She was abusive and sometimes beats her siblings and parents for no obvious reason. She talks repeatedly to imaginary person, saying “leave me alone, I am not killing your child, you do not have respect” She sometimes hits the imaginary person. She blinks, hisses, grunts and shouts. These behaviours are repetitive, usually last for about 3 minutes. Tourette syndrome diagnosis was made after comprehensive evaluation using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. Conclusion: The appropriate referral of this patient is of great benefit in the course of her illness. She achieved significant improvement to enable her continue education.
HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL E INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DOS NOVOS FÁRMACOS
Authors:   Centro de Tratamento do Diabético, Hipertenso e Portador de Insuficiência Cardíaca (CADHI) de Cabo Frio, RJ, Brasil., Wilnes Simas Pereira Anderson Wilnes , Castello Branco Miranda Beatriz ,   Faculdade de Medicina na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil., Wilnes Simas Pereira Bruno ,   Faculdade de Medicina na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil., Eltink Trad Coutinho Raphael ,   Faculdade de Medicina na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Published: April 2021

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) permanece como uma das maiores causas de hospitalização e mortalidade dentre todas as doenças, sendo a hipertensão arterial um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento. Em virtude da relevância e prevalência dessa doença, um número recorde de estudos comparativos, além de novas classes terapêuticas, tem sido desenvolvido nos últimos anos para garantir ao médico maior flexibilidade no tratamento do seu paciente, com a finalidade de frear a progressão do remodelamento ventricular e reduzir a internação hospitalar, bem como os desfechos cardiovasculares. Nesse intuito, o presente artigo avalia diversas meta-análises recentemente publicadas, as quais comparam IECAs aos BRAs e indicam um melhor prognóstico associado aos IECAs na redução de mortalidade total e cardiovascular, provavelmente devido ao efeito adjuvante da bradicinina como cardioprotetor. No entanto, os BRAs ganharam novo destaque a partir de sua associação ao sacubitril, reduzindo eventos cardiovasculares como reinternação por IC e morte cardíaca quando comparados a um IECA. Este artigo de revisão busca realizar uma análise crítica todas as classes de anti-hipertensivos com função na IC, com base na evidência científica mais recente, discorrendo sobre seus mecanismos de proteção cardiovascular e de seus resultados na redução da morbimortalidade cardíaca.
PRESSÃO ARTERIAL CENTRAL E RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina da UnesulBahia- UniFTC, Eunapolis, BA, Brasil, Batista Cunha Magalhães Lucélia , Conceição das Mercês Magno ,   Faculdade de Medicina da UnesulBahia- UniFTC, Eunapolis, BA, Brasil,   Universidade de Estado da Bahia- UNEB, Salvador, BA. Universidade Salvador- UNIFACS, Salvador, BA, Brasil., Fernandes Weyll Pimentel Rodrigo ,   UNIFACS, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil.
Published: April 2021

Pressão Central, como o nome indica, é uma medida hemodinâmica semelhante a pressão arterial convencional porem avaliada de forma indireta por equipamento especifico, que avalia estes parâmetros na saída do sangue na raiz da aorta. Esta medida tem uma maior confiabilidade pois prediz de forma mais acurada os riscos de adoecimento e morte cardiovascular. Isto ocorre, pois a a onda de pulso (OP) ao percorrer os trajetos arteriais sofrem ampliações e importantes modificações no seu contorno deformando o valor original. Embora seja mais precisa em valores, ainda não é usado de rotina na pratica clinica por razoes de custos dos seus equipamentos e provavelmente por exigir habilidades maiores que as medidas captadas pelo equipamentos de mensuração periférica.
HIPERTENSÃO RENOVASCULAR LEVANDO À NEFRECTOMIA UNILATERAL: RELATO DE CASO
Authors:   Centro de Terapia Intensiva da Santa Casa de Diamantina,M, Brasil., Santiago Faria Renan ,   Setor de Clínica Médica do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Saúde de Diamantina, MG, Brasil, Moreira de Aquino Bianca ,   Programa de saúde da família, Universidade Gama Filho, RJ, Brasil.,   Estratégia de saúde da família em CF Wilma Costa/RJ, Brasil, Brito de Souza Astria Mariana ,   Universidade Iguaçu-campus Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil., Silva Fernanda Caroline ,   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Campus JK, MG, Brasil., Amaral Boaventura Laura ,   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Campus JK, MG, Brasil., dos Santos Pinto Luciana ,   Universidade Unigranrio - Caxias, RJ,Brasil., Gonçalves Campana Erika Maria ,   Ambulatório de Hipertensão e Lípides no Departamento Cardiopulmonar da UERJ, RJ,Brasil.,   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil. ),   Núcleo Especializado de Hipertensão na Clínica SEACOR, Diretora Administrativa do Departamento de Hipertensão da SBC (2020-21
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Relatar o caso de uma paciente jovem portadora de Hipertensão Arterial Secundária à estenose da artéria renal, que evoluiu com perda renal em decorrência de necessidade de nefrectomia unilateral, enfatizado a importância do diagnóstico e da abordagem adequada desta patologia para o controle da pressão arterial e preservação da função renal. Método: Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevista com a paciente, análise de prontuário, laudos de técnicas diagnósticas, as quais a paciente foi submetida, entre julho e novembro de 2019, durante as consultas médicas e revisão bibliográfica. Conclusão: A nefrectomia unilateral mostrou-se eficaz no controle da hipertensão arterial, na melhora do desempenho renal, possibilitando a melhoria na qualidade de vida do indivíduo afetado.
POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS E ENSINO HÍBRIDO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA E PÓS-PANDEMIA: RESSIGNIFICANDO A DOCÊNCIA NO CONTEXTO PANDÊMICO
Authors: Silva Adriana Carvalho da
Published: April 2021

Estratégias pedagógicas adotadas pela professora de uma escola pública em Recifemostram como é possível enfrentar os desafios advindos com a pandemia do COVID-19 emprol de uma educação de qualidade.
Doğum Sonu Dönemde Fonksiyonel Durum ve Yorgunluk
Authors: ATAŞ Ayşe Nur , ÖZERDOĞAN Nebahat
Published: April 2021

Annelik kadınların üstlendiği en zor rollerden biridir. Anne doğum sonu süreçte bir geçiş dönemindedir ve fiziksel değişikliklerine, doğum sonu rahatsızlıklarına, aile içindeki rol ve sorumluluklarına uyum sağlamak zorundadır. Kadının fonksiyonel durumu ve yorgunluk düzeyi, doğum sonu sürece uyumu ile ilişkili faktörlerdir. Annenin fonksiyonel durumundaki azalma; kendisi, bebeği ve diğer sorumluluklarına karşı ilgisini azaltabilmektedir. Doğum sonu yorgunluk ise kadının annelik davranışını, bebek bakımını, aile üyeleriyle ilişkilerini, iş performansını ve kendini gerçekleştirme davranışlarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Kadınların doğum sonu dönemde fonksiyonel durumlarında ve yorgunluk düzeylerinde zamanla iyileşme görülse de altıncı aydan sonra bile tam olarak gebelik öncesi durumlarına dönemedikleri görülmektedir. Annenin doğum sonu döneme uyum sağlaması ve gebelik öncesi durumuna dönmesi için doğum sonrası fonksiyonel durumlarının, yorgunluk düzeylerinin ve aralarındaki ilişkinin açıklanması önemlidir. Fonksiyonel durum ile yorgunluk genellikle ayrı ayrı çalışmalarda ele alınmış olup iki değişkenin birlikte incelendiği araştırma sayısı sınırlıdır. İki faktör arasındaki ilişki tanımlandığında, yorgunluk ve fonksiyonel durumun birbirini nasıl etkilediği, aralarındaki ilişkinin yönü ve hangi faktörlerden olumsuz etkilendikleri tespit edilebilecektir. Fonksiyonel durum ve yorgunluk arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak doğum sonu dönemde annelere kanıta dayalı ve kaliteli bir bakım sunabilmek için önemlidir. Bu derlemede doğum sonu dönemde yorgunluk ve fonksiyonel durum ile iki faktör arasındaki ilişkinin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.
SALGIN HASTALIKLARIN KADIN SAĞLIĞINA YANSIMALARI
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ebru , CAN Zehra
Published: April 2021

Geçmişten günümüze Dünya tarihinde bakıldığında birçok salgın hastalık yer almıştır. Dünya’yı etkileyen ve birçok insanın ölümüne yol açan salgın hastalıklar önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Bu salgınlardan kara veba, kolera, İspanyol gribi, HIV/AIDS, domuz gribi (H1N1), zika virüsü ve Covid-19 en göze çarpan salgın hastalıklar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Salgın hastalıklar kadınları ve erkekleri farklı şekilde etkilemektedir. Risk grubunda olan kadınlarda özellikle de gebelerde salgın hastalıkların etkisi daha farklı görülmüş ve gelecek nesil üzerinde de olumsuz etkiler bırakabilmiştir. Salgınlar hastalıklar üreme sağlığı ve cinsel sağlığı da çeşitli şekillerde etkileyebilmektedir. Bunların sonucunda da anne ve yenidoğan ölümlerinde artış, doğum kontrol yöntemi taleplerinin karşılanamaması, cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıkların ve güvenli kürtajın artması, abortus, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, depresyon, intihar ve şiddet görülebilmektedir. Bu sebeple salgın hastalıklarda kadınların ayrı olarak ele alınması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu derlemede HIV/AIDS, H1N1 (domuz gribi), zika virüsü ve koronavirüsler gibi dünyada göze çarpan salgın hastalıkların kadın sağlığına yansımaları incelenecek olup, salgın hastalıklarda kadın sağlığının önemi vurgulanacaktır.
El manejo agrícola como herramienta clave para una agricultura de conservación. Su análisis desde la bioquímica y la microbiología del suelo.
Authors: Frene Juan Pablo , Wall Luis Gabriel , Gabbarini Luciano Andrés
Published: April 2021

Los nuevos desafíos mundiales producto del crecimiento demográfico ponen en evidencia la necesidad de llevar a cabo cambios en las formas de cultivar el suelo, para lo cual es necesario modificar las prácticas agrícolas actuales. En este trabajo nos proponemos hacer foco en cómo los manejos agrícolas influencian y alteran las características del suelo y los servicios ecosistémicos del mismo. Aquí presentamos evidencias de los efectos benéficos producidos por la siembra directa sobre las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. Posteriormente discutimos qué sucede cuando los manejos agrícolas son intercambiados y el suelo debe adaptarse a una nueva situación. Finalmente concluimos con lo que sucede cuando se cambia el enfoque y se analiza el suelo cuando es separado en las subestructuras de agregados que lo forman. Además, qué influencias tienen los manejos agrícolas sobre las diferentes fracciones de agregados.
Role of Women in Local Government in Panchayat Raj Institutions: A Rhetoric or Reality
Authors: Yadav Dr. Dhiraj
Published: April 2021

In 21st century there are five pillars of development namely Women empowerment, Youth advancement, intervention of Digital technology, Gender equality and rising trend of Subalterns and Marginalised sections of society. Having setting the bearings of priorities, Women empowerment is the key domain in the Role of women in local government in Panchayati Raj Institutions which finds its prominent role in the sustainable development in society. There are 29 power point programmes have been entrusted in the Panchayat institutions in Haryana at three tier system. The 73rd amendment Act in Haryana Panchayati Raj System becomes a vehicle of social change and acts as The Harbinger of Women’s engendering the Panchayati Raj Institutions since its inception in 1994. The Haryana Panchayati Raj Act 1994 provides for reservation of one third of elected seats for Women at three levels i.e. Gram Panchayat (G.P.) Panchayat Smiti (P.S.) and Zila Prishad (Z.P.) There is also one third reservations for women to the seats of chairpersons of these PRIs. These women include general and scheduled castes. This act further provides for reservation of one third seats for Schedule castes women out of total seats reserved for schedule castes in proportion to S.C. population. The engendering Panchayati Raj Institutions in Haryana requires rigorous regimen of total overhauling of social structure per se. In fact, engendering Panchayati Raj Institution in Haryana is a euphemistic concept. The PRIs are in infantile stage and lack in all encompassing approach. Bluntly stating, women are still at a periphery of progress in the eyes of policy makers and decision takers.
La arqueología virtual como herramienta didáctica y motivadora
Authors: Gisbert Santaballa Antonio Gabriel
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo abordar posibles soluciones al desinterés que puede surgir en torno al aprendizaje de la Historia y de los yacimientos arqueológicos por parte de los alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO) y bachillerato. Para ello, nos hemos centrado en experiencias de arqueología virtual que contribuyen a la motivación e interactividad de los visitantes, a través de bibliografía especializada, y de la visita y el análisis de diferentes yacimientos españoles. Los resultados de dicho análisis han sido que existen experiencias muy interesantes en España y en otros países de nuestro entorno, que se basan en reconstrucciones tridimensionales, en entornos virtuales, en experiencias inmersivas y en una cuidada narración. Las conclusiones se centran en señalar las ventajas de estos elementos a la hora de plantear actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje con alumnos de secundaria y bachillerato, ya que aumentan la motivación y el interés que estos puedan experimentar por el conocimiento del pasado histórico.
La creatividad en el contexto educativo: adiestrando capacidades
Authors: Valero Matas Jesús Alberto
Published: April 2021

Desde hace algún tiempo la creatividad se ha convertido en un fenómeno indispensable en la educación. Como ocurre con todo aquello que emerge de manera impulsiva, se ha transformado en un factor esencial en los procesos de aprendizaje. También se le ha atribuido el rol de gurú, puesto que la creatividad se ha convertido en la solución de las capacidades, destrezas y habilidades con las que hay que dotar a los estudiantes. Con este trabajo lo que se pretende destacar fundamentalmente es que la creatividad es importante, pero que es necesario realizarla en un contexto y espacio adecuados. No sirve simplemente con decir «se hace creatividad», sino que es importante explicar «cómo se hace» y «para qué se hace». Por tanto, este artículo es una reflexión crítica sobre esta necesidad que es la creatividad, algo que se ha transformado en un fenómeno dentro de nuestro sistema educativo. Por otra parte, es cierto que la educación necesita creatividad, pero no todo responde a los parámetros de la misma; en la actualidad existen muchos críticos con los modelos de aprendizaje educativos al sostener que la escuela mata la creatividad, así como hay otros críticos contrarios a esta idea.
KINETICS OFPYRROLE FORM TICS OFPYRROLE FORMATIONFROM A TIONFROM ACETYLENE, AMMONIA AND AMINES
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Shokirov U , Turabjanov S , Rakhimova  , Badriddinova F
Published: April 2021

The research findings of the pyrrole formation from acetylene, ammonia and amines varying catalysts and reaction conditions have been studied in the work. The cadmium catalysts developed by us selectively lead to pyrroleformation using aluminum fluoride as a promoter. The change in the rate of acetylene consumption depending on the weight of the catalyst according to the Boreskov criterion shows that external diffusion does not influence under the conditions of T-573K and P_ (C_2 H_2) = 0.1 atm. The values of the rate of acetylene consumption of at 4, 2, 1, 0.5 mm sizes of catalyst grains with similar conditions, internal diffusion does not influence on the observed rate of acetylene consumption. Calculation on the Thiele modulus shows that the reaction of acetylene consumption does not experience intradiffusion inhibition. The presence of a noticeable amount of macropores in the porous catalyst grain eliminates the appearance of a temperature gradient and causes a high kinetic ability of the reaction
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF THE ME SIS OF THE USE OF THE METHOD OF H THOD OF HYDROECOL YDROECOLOGICAL MONITORING IN ORDER T ORING IN ORDER TO IMPRO O IMPROVE THE ECOL VE THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE HYDROTECHNICAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Di D , Nasrulin A
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the experience of using the methodology the hydroecological monitoring technique to obtain the results of the analysis of the ecological conditions of hydraulic structures in Uzbekistan. - The examples of the methodology for creating digital maps for information support, for the study of the technical parameters of hydropower and irrigation facilities at the level of the Amudarya and Syrdarya river basins; - Improved trash-holding devices necessary to protect the pumps of hydraulic structures from getting litter and floating objects into them (plastic requires special attention) that can interfere with the normal operation of the units, eliminated during preliminary water treatment; - The results of hydroecological monitoring using geographic information systems, digital maps are shown, which allow for the design, repair and repair of hydraulic structures to take into account terrain, hydrography and other factors. The obtained methodology allows a more realistic assessment of the hydroecological situation, taking into account their influence on hydraulic structures. The methodology of hydroecological monitoring will provide people with information in search of actions to develop environmentally acceptable modes of operation of hydraulic structures in Uzbekistan. Water management organizations can use this system to plan work and predict the environmental situation at all water objects in the Aral Sea basin. This system can be considered as a scientific tool for a decision support system for decision makers. Key words: geoinformation technologies and ecology, hydraulic structures, waste disposal devices, pumps, hydroecological and hydraulic monitoring.
PROBLEMS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION LINES
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Dadamatova K , Nazarov A , Gerasimenko N
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of solving the problem of attenuation of an optical signal in fiber-optic communication lines. Widely used modern technical solutions of intermediate amplification-regenerative nodes of fiber-optic communication lines are described. The advantages and disadvantages of existing intermediate fiber optic amplifiers are presented. The benefits of optoelectronic signal regenerators include a full restoration of the original properties of the optical signal. The optoelectronic regenerator allows to limiting the amount of internal and external optical noise by acceptable values, but increases and increases the cost of building optical fiber connections.Optical signal amplifiers are also used to increase the range of fiberoptic communication lines. The main advantage of intermediate fiber optic amplifiers is their relatively simple design and, consequently, low cost, as well as high cost of losses and power output.The technical function of the developed fiber optic amplifier is to create a signal and power amplifier that is evenly distributed inside the fiber located in the region of the fiber containing the fluorescent additive.The characteristics, functional and structural diagrams of an optical repeater with erbium amplifiersare shown in detail. The design features of the construction and the principle of operation of the erbium amplifier are described.
SIMULATION OF A TRAINED TRAINED NEURAL NETWORK OF A FUZZY L FUZZY LOGIC REGUL OGIC REGULATION SY TION SYSTEM BASED ON THE CO STEM BASED ON THE COTTON DRYING PROCESS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Yunusova S
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the modeling of a fuzzy-logical system of regulation of the process of drying of raw cotton. The tasks of overcoming uncertainties arising in the process of operation of technological units at the enterprises of the cotton-cleaning industry are presented. An example of solving such a problem by using an artificial neural network is given. Mathematical models based on the neural network have been developed that are used to formalize the process of drying raw cotton and determine the optimal tuned parameters of the fuzzy-logical PID controller, allowing the fate of changing the operating modes of the technological units of the drying drum. A method for determining the number of synoptic weights of artificial neural networks is proposed, which minimizes the number of trainings and increases the speed of management decisions. To train the neural network weights use the reverse spreading error method. The range of variation of the regulator parameter is justified, taking into account the features of the cotton drying process. As a result, the proposed model was used in the control system of the drying process in terms of quality indicators, which led to an increase in the accuracy of the technological process.
USING OPTOELECTRONIC NONCON TRONIC NONCONTACT VOLTAGE RELAY IN ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Karimov R
Published: April 2021

In the article based on the results of the analysis of the existing opto-thyristor resistive circuits, a new scheme of the optoelectronic contactless voltage relay has been developed and its application in the power supply system has been considered. The possibility of controlling the operating modes of various installations amplifying electrical signals using optothyristors is presented and the ways of their inclusion in electrical circuits are presented. The optoelectronic contactless voltage relays were tested in laboratory conditions to obtain an input-output characteristic and a form of capacitance voltage. Based on the improvement of the proposed circuit, a circuit of an optoelectronic contactless voltage relay is developed and provide a high degree of reliability. The simulation of the proposed voltage relay circuits is performed using the MATLAB R2014a program, the results of which show that changes in the shape of the output voltage curve are close to a sinusoid and coincide with the results obtained analytically. As a result the obtained conditions of use make it possible to obtain a voltage with a sinusoidal shape on the load and achieve a relay return coefficient close to unity.
AN APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING CRITICAL TEMPERATURES OF BUCLING OF SHALLOW CYLINDRICAL SHELLS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Grigoriev P , Ibodulloev Sh , Poyonov B
Published: April 2021

An approach for defining critical temperatures of buckling for a pivotally resting plane cylindrical shell has been considered. Operation in various climatic zones leads to buckling of roof elements of passenger cars. In connection with that, it is necessary to have a theoretical justification of structural solutions taking into account critical temperatures of buckling of shell elements. The roof element of the passenger car should be classified as plane cylindrical shells. An expression for defining critical temperatures by the Bubnov-Galerkin method has been obtained, as well as the equations of plane cylindrical shells proposed by V.Z. Vlasov. The results calculated with the derived expression have been verified by comparison with those obtained by the finite element method (FEM). This comparison has demonstrated satisfactory agreement of these results.
THE APPLICATION OF LSM FOR LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION BY THE ENERGY SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Losev D
Published: April 2021

The article considers the possibility of using the least squares method (LSM) for long-term forecasting of the parameters of the regime of electric power systems. There is presented least squares method for predicting the parameters of the regime of electric power systems. It is shown that, based on the least-squares method, it is possible to obtain prognostic equations, aswell as coefficients of approximating functions necessary for the formation of these equations. The results of the analysis of the comparison of linear, hyperbolic, logarithmic, exponential and quadratic functions on the use of LSMs to predict specific fuel consumption are presented. Analytical studies are based on statistical data on specific fuel consumption for the period 1990-2016 years by the power system of Uzbekistan. There is shown that the statistical data was divided into training and control samples, when performing an analysis of comparisons of algebraic functions. The training sample, which based on prediction equations are obtained using algebraic functions of various types. The criterion of the least squares method, which is according for using the statistical data of the control sample in the obtained prognostic functions, the standard deviations are found. In the end, there has drawn conclusions, based on the obtained results.
PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSES IN MODELS OF THE OPERATION OF ROW CROP CULTIVATOR AGGREGATES
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Alimova F , Primkulov B
Published: April 2021

The main agrotechnical requirements for cultivators working between rows are as follows: uniform of rows loosening between rows (stability of depth of loosening), complete destruction of weeds in spacings and rows, absence of damage to cultivated plants in rows and falling asleep with their soil (keeping the width of the protective zone). The highest quality of work will be if the trace of the last to the row of the working body copies the line of the row. The article presents a model for processing information when performing a cultivator technological process, presents the results of the probabilistic characteristics of the processes in the functioning models of cultivating aggregates.Based on the results obtained during experiments with a cultivator model, the hypothesis is confirmed or refuted. If this is confirmed, an acceptable value for the width of the protection zone is presented. Therefore, based on these studies, it is possible to determine the width of the protective zone by inter-tilling of row crops.
RESEARCH OF TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON CONTAINING ANTIPYRENS FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF WATER-DISPERSION COATINGS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Kurbanova M , Khamidova D , Tillaev A , Lityaga A
Published: April 2021

In the modern world, widely used water-borne paints and varnishes form coatings with high resistance to the action of water and chemicals, good electrical insulation, physico-mechanical and decorative properties. Everyone knows they are used for painting radio and electrical products, in the automotive industry, agricultural machinery, in the production of household products and residential buildings.The article discusses the technical justification of research results for the practical use of silicon-containing flame retardants in the production technology of fire-retardant water-dispersion paint. The regulations and an effective technological scheme for the production of AP-1 silicon-containing oligomeric flame retardant and the technology for producing fire-retardant water-dispersion paint coating have been developed.The test method for modified fire-retardant water-dispersion coatings based on polyacrylic dispersion was carried out according to standard methods "Determination of the combustibility of fire retardants for wood" in accordance with GOST 16363-98, which includes methods for determining the combustibility, flammability of coatings, obtained in collaboration with Laboratory Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Republic of Uzbekistan.Based on the data presented, based on the results of studies on the modification of the properties of fire-retardant water-dispersion coatings with silicon-containing oligomeric flame retardants, new fire-resistant water-dispersion coatings with high physicomechanical, heat-resistant, and operational properties have been developed.The developed technological regulations and the condition for obtaining coatings by the modified proposed flame retardants proposed by the authors apply to the production of fire-retardant water-dispersion paints, which are a suspension of pigments and fillers in an aqueous dispersion of synthetic polymers with the addition of AP-4 flame retardant and various auxiliary substances according to TU 6.12-78- 2000 , TU 6.12-28-96, produced by mixing components in mixers and dispersing pastes in bead mills.
CALCULATION OF TEMPERATURE OF ROUTINE WATER COOLED IN IRRIGATED LAYERS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Usmonov N , Sanayev Sh , Yusupov Z
Published: April 2021

The article describes the developed mathematical model, algorithm and program for calculating the process of cooling the water leaving the evaporative cooler and the final temperature of humid air. The compilation of a mathematical model is based on the analysis of literature data. Practically at all industrial enterprises, technological equipment is cooled by means of circulating water supply systems equipped with evaporative coolers. The article made a choice of a cooling system for air conditioning systems of residential premises. The developed basic design scheme of the evaporative water and air cooler with the irrigated layer is presented, as well as the estimated thermal and material balance. One of the main elements of these devices is a heat-mass transfer nozzle - sprinkler. This article presents the results of mathematical modeling of processes occurring in the volume of the sprinkler evaporator chamber, Raschig rings composed of vertical polymeric materials. Expressions are obtained for determining the values of air temperature based on the calculation of thermal modeling of the process of cooling circulating water in evaporative coolers of the type in question.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHANGE OF HELIUM CONCENTRATION IN UNDERGROUND WATERS OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE ACCORDING TERRITORIES
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Zakirov M , Agzamova I , Mavlyanova N
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of long-term regime observations of change in the concentrations of groundwater of Uzbekistan and adjacent territories. Based on these observations, the main factors affecting the changes of the quantitative content of helium. The results of the evaluation of the characteristics of the changes and distribution of helium in groundwater. The change of helium concentration in groundwater significantly influence the deformation and hydro-geodynamic and tectonic conditions. Described and quantified four factors with different concentrations of helium. They allow to correctly assess the variation of helium associated with seismic events.
INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE`S WORKING PROCESS ON LIGHT FUEL
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Khakimov J , Shatrov M , Turdiev J
Published: April 2021

The article considers the investigation results of the working process of diesel on light fuel. Consumption of natural resources in the form of hydrocarbon fuels, which is steadily increasing in transport, the number of rolling stock, and combustion products of motor fuels cause environmental pollution. It is shown that the transition to cheaper alternative types of fuel, by its characteristics, not inferior to liquid motor fuels, is one of the options to reduce operating costs and harmful emissions. The scheme of classification of gas systems of fuel transfer is presented: by design of the system of filling and storage of gas; by quantity of the substituted basic fuel in the system of fuel supply; by method of dosing of fuel; by name and place of sending of a control signal; by design of the unit of decrease in pressure of gas; by design and a site of heating devices of a gas stream of a high pressure; by a method of ignition of a gas-air mix; by a method of change of indicators of working process; by an aggregate condition of used According to the results of theoretical and operational research of the gas engine based on a supercharged diesel engine: the necessity of using a gas injector power supply system has been established; the power and torque of the gas engine created on the basis of a supercharged diesel engine practically do not differ from that of the diesel engine, which is explained by a relatively high degree of compression for engines with spark ignition (ε=2); it has been shown that in the long term it is possible to use gas supply systems under pressure directly into the engine cylinder. As a result, the most affordable commercial alternative fuel for road transport in Uzbekistan turned out to be natural gas.
TURBULIZATION METHOD OF FORMATION OF HIGHLY DISPERSED DROPLETS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Irisov Kh , Ashirbekov I , Kartoshkin A , Abdazimov A
Published: April 2021

The article critically analyzes traditional methods of forming drops of defoliants and liquid chemicals. As an object of study, a sprayer with a perforated turbulator was selected, which ensures the formation of fine droplets on a short spraying torch. The degree of crushing of the working fluid, design parameters and operating modes of the proposed sprayer are investigated. Based on theoretical studies, analytical dependencies that reveal the physical properties of the sprayed liquid are analyzed, a description of the device and the principle of operation of the sprayer equipped with a perforated turbulator is given. The above analytical dependencies allowed more purposefully improving the design of the proposed atomizer.
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF DIESEL ENGINES BY ENHANCING THE COOLING SYSTEM
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Daminov O , Khushnaev O , Yangibaev A , Kucharenok G
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the improvement of the performance of diesel engines by improving the cooling system. It is indicated that there is a number of problems that arise when converting an engine with spark ignition to natural gas. The increase of thermal stress of the engine is illustrated. As a result of researching of features of the parameters and characteristics of a gas-powered automobile engine and optimization of its temperature regime, a very actual scientific and practical task is determined. The engine with the spark ignition installed on the microbus working on the diesel and gas is presented. The results of the spark-ignition engine research on gaseous fuel are presented. The following recommendations are given: to analyze the design features of gas engines; analyze the principles of operation of modern engine cooling systems; to conduct a theoretical study of the engine cooling system of gas buses and minibuses, which would allow to identify the causes leading to an increase in the thermal stress of engine parts when converted to gas fuel, which consists in the specificity and features of the working process; suggest ways to improve the cooling system of gas engines; to develop and propose options for improving the cooling system of gas engines, which will reduce the cooling temperature from 120 to 90 °C.
RESEARCH OF INCREASING THE REACTIVITY COTTON CELLULOSE INTENDED FOR CHEMISTRY
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Sayfutdinov R , Mukhitdinov U , Eshpulatov N
Published: April 2021

The reactivity of cotton pulp during chemical processing is significantly lower compared to celluloses obtained from other cellulose-containing plants. Increasing the reactivity of cotton cellulose improves the quality of the products based on it, and also increases labor productivity. The aim of this work is to study the possibility of replacing wood pulp imported from foreign countries with domestic cotton cellulose by increasing the reactivity of cotton cellulose for chemical processing, improving the quality of the resulting product and increasing the reaction rate. In this work, we used methods for determining the composition and structure of cotton cellulose samples. The reactivity of the obtained samples to acetylation after treatment with electric charges was studied. An increase in reactivity was evaluated by a decrease in crystalline areas based on diffract grams that were recorded on a computer-controlled XRD-6100 apparatus (Shimadzu, Japan). A method is proposed for increasing the reactivity of cotton cellulose by treating it with high voltage electric charges. To reduce the crystalline areas of cotton cellulose, it was activated by an electric charge, which led to an increase in the reactivity of cotton cellulose. The optimal voltage limits are found, the number of pulses and the required capacitance of the capacitor, at which the maximum values of the reactive activity of cotton cellulose are achieved.
MODELING THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEMBRANE PNEUMATIC VALVE IN MATLAB
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Kasimov F , Ismailov M
Published: April 2021

To create static models of actuators, linear or polynomial equations are used. Such models do not provide the necessary accuracy for the entire system, although they give an adequate result in a specific area of the process under consideration. In addition, the technical values of the coefficients in polynomial equations cannot always be explained. Analytical modeling of the static characteristics of the object allows us to analyze the influence of the parameters of the object on the overall model. After the model structure is built, the experimental determination of its coefficients ensures that an adequate model can be achieved faster. In this work, a static model of a membrane pneumatic actuator is constructed by the analytical method. The coefficients of the model parameters were determined experimentally. The model and actual results of the process were comparatively analyzed.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF AMIDE SOLEIN BASED ON OLEIC ACID AND PIPERIDINE
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Matkarimova N , Maksumova O , Matkarimov S , Marjorie L
Published: April 2021

The article presents results for the preparation of salts of sulfated amides based on oleic acid and piperidine. The products were synthesized in several steps: the first step of the reaction of oleic acid with piperidine, second step of sulphonation with sulfuric acid of the obtained compounds, the third step of the reaction of NH4OH and (HOCH2CH2) 2NH. The structure of the synthesized salts is confirmed by the methods of IR-, NMR-spectral analyses, and the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. The synthesized salts at room temperature are brown crystals. Some of their physical and chemical indicators have been determined. It is recommended to use synthesized products as oil-purifying and oil-dispersing products.
SYSTEMS THINKING IN JAW CRUSHER ANALYSIS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Artikov A , Akobirova L , Akbarhodjaev Z
Published: April 2021

It provides information on the method of system thinking, where the analysis of the crusher for grinding solid materials shows four hierarchical structure of the object - the jaw crusher. For a particle - a piece of material at the lowest hierarchical level, the influence of the infrastructure of the material and object on the stochastic grinding process is considered, which is characterized by probabilistic mathematical models. Moving to higher hierarchical levels, computer models of deterministic processes in the material and the crusher are given. It is preliminary shown that increasing the grinding ratio increases the efficiency of the material crushing plant.
CLEARANCE OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE WITH THE RECEPTION OF ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF ENERGY CARRIERS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Rakhmatullayev F , Turabjanov S
Published: April 2021

The research is devoted to improving the technology of obtaining alternative types of energy carriers by applying methods of pyrolysis of unclaimed types of solid domestic wastes of biological origin, which also allow solving the tasks of improving the ecological situation in the places of formation. The practical value and relevance of this research lies in the development of advanced technology for obtaining alternative fuels. The proposed pyrolysis unit allows producing gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons in a continuous cycle. In the atmosphere of the gasifying agent (air, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide or their mixture), the gasification process is primarily performed in vortex reactors or fluidized bed furnaces at temperatures of 600-1100°C. Accordingly, the production (extraction) of AT from them requires pre-treatment, often quite serious: separation, grinding, mixing, drying, etc., which ultimately guarantees the consistency of its composition and quality.
STUDY ON THE GRINDING TIME DURATION IMPACT ON THE PROPERTIES OF PAPER FROM ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Galimova Z , Babakhanova H , Abdunazarov M , Ismoilov I , Mikhaleva M
Published: April 2021

Both raw and recycled fiber materials are used for paper production. The increase in percentage use of the latter is due to their paper-forming properties, availability and low cost. The article explores the possibility of using pulp from the inner layer of mulberry twig bark. Mulberry twigs, after removing leaves, which are the main raw material in silk production, have no practical industrial application. Recycling waste - mulberry branches - for the production of pulp is therefore relevant as it is aimed at solving raw material and environmental problems. The purpose of this work is to use local raw materials for paper production, study the impact of processing method of the grinding process on paper forming properties. During grinding the mechanical processes of changes of fibers determine mainly structure of a paper sheet, and colloidal-physical processes - bind and ability of fibers to form strong, homogenous and smooth structure of paper. The structure of the sheet of paper facilitates excessive or "selective" ink absorption into the pores of the paper and thus predetermines the quality of reproduction during the printing process. Methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of papers were used in this work, and changes in the surface structure of samples cast at various technological modes of the milling process were studied. The results of the study revealed that the addition of cellulose mass from the inner layer of mulberry twig bark helps to obtain a strong paper. The optical properties of the paper, which contains cotton and cellulose from the inner layer of mulberry branch bark, are explained by the whiteness of the added fibers themselves. The strength properties of the paper at a weight grinding degree of 300 CWR are explained by the bond between the split and strongly interwoven fibers of the cellulose fibers. It has been established that the addition of more than 30% cellulose from the inner layer of the mulberry branch bark to the paper pulp mass is undesirable, as this adversely affects the whiteness of the paper