bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using of Cotton Fabric and Fiber as Objects of Retrospective EPR Dosimetry
Authors:   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Ivanov D.V. ,   First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Baytimirov D.R. ,   First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Konev S.F. ,   First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Aladova E.E. ,   Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of FMBA of Russia, Ozersk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Testing samples of cotton materials for their use as objects of recovery of accumulated dose by EPR dosimetry. Material and methods: Samples of cotton fabric and fabrics of mixed composition – lab coats, casual clothing items – shirts and jeans, as well as protective masks and respirators were irradiated using a linear electron accelerator model UELR-10-10C2 in the dose range from several Gy to 16 kGy. EPR spectra were recorded using the Bruker Elexsys-II E580 X-band EPR spectrometer with a SuperHighQ cylindrical resonator. Results: It was found that ionizing radiation induces free radicals in materials with triplet EPR signal, the most intense line of which has g = 2.019 and a linewidth 6 G. There was no or negligible native signal in uncolored fabrics. The radiation-induced EPR signal decayed exponentially with average half-life time of 62 hours. Conclusion: Clothing materials based on cotton fabrics, as well as materials of protective medical masks, have shown themselves suitable for use as an object of retrospective EPR dosimetry.
Assessment of the Effect of Ascorbic, Malic and Succinic Acids on Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in A549 Cells
Authors:   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Romodin L.A. , Moskovskij А.А. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2024

Relevance: For modern radiobiology, the problem of finding pharmacological protection against radiation damage remains urgent. Interest in this topic does not weaken due to the high chemical toxicity of all generally recognized radioprotectors. One of the most studied drugs in this regard are substances with antioxidant activity, which is due to the ability of antioxidants to inhibit the processes of oxidative stress. Purpose: The effect of malic, succinic and ascorbic acids on radiation-induced oxidative stress in the culture of human lung adenocarcinoma cells of the A549 line. Material and methods: In the course of the work, the effect of solutions of malic, ascorbic and succinic acids in concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM on the intensity of radiation-induced oxidant stress in the adsorption culture of cells of the A549 line was studied. Oxidative stress was induced by X-ray radiation at a dose of 8 Gy. The level of reactive oxygen species was estimated based on the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the dye dichlorofluorescein to that of the dye Hoechst-33342. Results: Under the influence of the studied substances, a statistically significant decrease in the content of reactive oxygen species in the cells was observed. The most pronounced effect is observed in samples treated with succinic acid. In non-irradiated samples in the presence of ascorbic and malic acids at a concentration of the studied substances of 100 mM, a statistically significant increase in the intensity of fluorescence is observed, which can be explained by the reduction of intracellular trivalent iron to Fe2+ under the action of these substances, which contributed to the Fenton reaction. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained during this study, it can be assumed that malic acid, ascorbic acid and, in particular, succinic acid have some radioprotective properties. However, additional studies on other model systems, including various cell lines, are needed to confirm the presence of these properties. The results of the presented work make it possible in the future to begin the development of therapeutic schemes to alleviate the effects of radiation using the studied substances.
Supervisi Berhubungan Dengan Kelengkapan Pendokumentasian Asuhan Keperawatan Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSI X Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Maemunah Neni , Rosdiana Yanti , Khurin Widy Suryaning
Published: September 2024

Pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan merupakan suatu pencatatan informasi tentang pasien yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan perawatan dan respon pasien, dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan yang baik dan akurat tersebut perawat membutuhkan pengawasan, pengarahan dan pendampingan melalui kegiatan yang disebut supervisi Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui hubungan supervisi dengan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan di Rumah Sakit Islam Gondanglegi Kabupaten Malang. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 71 perawat dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 perawat. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji gamma. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hampir seluruhnya supervisi pada kategori baik (83,3%). Hampir seluruhnya pendokumentasian Asuhan Keperawatan kategori baik (93,3%). Ada hubungan supervisi dengan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan di Rumah Sakit Islam Gondanglegi Kabupaten Malang, dengan nilai p = (0,027) (0,05) dan r (1,0). Diharapkan bagi penelitian selanjutnya agar dapat melakukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam/spesifik lagi tentang faktor lainya yang dapat mempengaruhi supervisi dan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan seperti beban kerja dan tunjangan yang diterima
Tingkat Stres Akademik Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Dispepsia Pada Mahasiswa Baru
Authors: Rafik Haenor , Firdaus Achmad Dafir , Kurniawan Andi Surya
Published: September 2024

Dispepsia merupakan kumpulan gejala berupa ketidaknyamanan pada perut bagian atas, nyeri, mual, dan muntah serta perut terasa cepat kenyang saat makan dan terasa begah. Salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya dispepsia adalah faktor psikososial yaitu stres. Stres yang terjadi pada mahasiswa merupakan stres akademik yang salah satu penyebabnya adalah stresor akademik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat stres akademik dengan kejadian dispepsia pada mahasiswa baru STIKes Maharani Malang. Desain penelitian kuantitatif korelasional dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Jumlah sampel penelitian 126 mahasiswa dengan teknik sampling proportionate stratified random sampling. Instrumen penelitian tingkat stres akademik menggunakan kuesioner tingkat stres yang merupakan modifikasi DASS-42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) serta kuesioner dyspepsia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 dimana lebih kecil dari α (0,05). Nilai koefisien korelasi (r = 0,715) menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat stres akademik dengan kejadian dispepsia pada mahasiswa baru STIKes Maharani Malang. Semakin tinggi tingkat stres akademik maka semakin tinggi angka kejadian dispepsia.
Desafios e possibilidades do ensino de Genética nas aulas de Ciências: Aprendendo a hereditariedade de forma dinâmica
Authors: Silva Emanuela Farias da , Santos Edlene da Silva dos , Gonçalves Karolynne Rodrigues , Acioli Jarielson Silva , Bezerra Leticia Pereira
Published: September 2024

A utilização de ferramentas pedagógicas inovadoras, que possibilitem uma aprendizagem significativa, são muito importantes na prática da docência. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da Sequência Didática Interativa (SDI) na aprendizagem sobre o conceito de hereditariedade, em uma turma do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, numa escola pública de Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas. Esta metodologia foi aplicada em 2021, em uma sala com 15 alunos, utilizando-se de duas aulas consecutivas de 50 minutos cada. A SDI segue três etapas básicas: (I) conceito individual; (II) conceito em grupo; (III) conceito de síntese geral. Após a aplicação da metodologia, podemos concluir que o conceito formulado pelos alunos se aproxima do conceito científico, confirmando que a interação entre eles resultou em uma boa aprendizagem do conceito trabalhado. Por fim, evidenciamos que a SDI é uma importante ferramenta metodológica para o ensino, por estimular o protagonismo do aluno na construção do conhecimento, onde se considera suas experiências internas e externas à escola. Ademais, destacamos que o trabalho foi realizado em um cenário pandêmico, o que resultou em mudanças educacionais, como turmas menores, o que pode ter facilitado a aplicação da SDI. Entretanto, ressaltamos que a SDI é uma metodologia indispensável, sendo validada por diversos autores do âmbito educacional.
Forecasting energy consumption in Mozambique: A comparative analysis of advanced machine learning models from 2025 to 2045
Authors: Nhambiu Jorge , Chichango Fernando
Published: September 2024

This research aims to provide a robust foundation for future energy infrastructure development and sustainability efforts in Mozambique. Accurately forecasting energy consumption is crucial for the strategic planning and sustainable development of energy infrastructure, particularly in emerging economies like Mozambique. This study employs advanced machine learning models—XGBoost, Neural Networks, Gradient Boosting Regression, Elastic Net, and Random Forest—to predict Mozambique’s energy consumption from 2025 to 2045. By comparing the predictive accuracy of these models using error metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), the research identifies the most effective tools for future energy planning. The results highlight the superiority of the Random Forest model, which consistently achieved the lowest error rates, suggesting it as the most reliable model for capturing the complexities of energy demand in Mozambique. In contrast, models like XGBoost demonstrated higher error rates, indicating potential limitations in their application to this dataset. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders, contributing to the development of more accurate and reliable energy forecasts, which are essential for ensuring the sustainable growth of Mozambique’s energy sector.
Students' Perspectives on their ideal English professor in class
Authors: Moncayo Herrera Enrique
Published: September 2024

This research aims to identify students' perspectives on their ideal English professor, characteristics and skills and investigate whether they would like to learn a second language and consider it to aid their professional life. Therefore, a survey was done online with  N= 220 learners taking the A1 English level in a public university in the coastal region of Ecuador. The data collected comprised 19 statements divided into three categories  ( 1. The perspective in the English professor's Identity; (2. Perspectives on the English Professor's Instruction; (3. Teachers Profile. The analysis uses descriptive statistics. The results demonstrate that students prefer flexible English professors who motivate them to learn a second language, which is essential for them. Most of the students agree that the ideal English professor must have a good proficiency in English level and studied in the field. In summary, as students like to learn a second language, believing it is essential for their professional career, they would prefer a professor who adapts to their necessities.
РОЗВИТОК АРМІЙСЬКОЇ АВІАЦІЇ В ІТАЛІЇ НАПРИКІНЦІ ХХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТ.
Authors: Куцька Олеся Миколаївна , Лозинський Петро Ігорович
Published: September 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізову еволюції армійської авіації Італії останнього десятиліття ХХ ст. на початку ХХІ ст. З точки зору організаційної структури у досліджуваний період відбувався поступовий перехід від децентралізованої до централізованої організації зі скороченням кількості дрібних підрозділів і зве­денням їх у полки. Загальновійськові частини і з’єднання при цьому позбулись своїх авіаційних компонентів. Це дозволило оптимізувати використання армій­ської авіації за умов суттєвого скорочення її чисельності. До основних зрушень в технічному аспекті слід віднести три досягнення: 1) взяття на озброєння ударного гелікоптера А-129 «Мангуста», що означало появу такого класу техніки в армійській авіації Італії; 2) часткову заміну застарілих багатоцільових гелікоптерів новими UH-90A; 3) заміну важких транспортних гелікоптерів СН-47С новими   ICH-47F. При цьому навіть з урахуванням цих поставок частка сучасної техніки в гелікоптерному парку армійської авіації станом на 2021 р. становила лише трохи більше половини. У досліджуваний період армійська авіація Сухопутних військ Італії брала активну участь у миротворчих і бойових операціях за межами країни. Проведення їх мало свою специфіку в різні часові проміжки. Для 90-х років ХХ ст. характерними були відносно нетривалі операції (наприклад, у Сомалі). Деякі з них характеризувались залученням достатньо значних сил (операція «Альба Нео» в Албанії). У ХХІ ст. армійська авіація була ангажована у дві тривалі операції (в Іраку та Афганістані), які, до того ж, проводились в складних природно-клі­матичних умовах.
ІСТОРИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗВИТКУ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОГО ВИВЧЕННЯ І ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДОСВІДУ В ПІВНІЧНОАТЛАНТИЧНОМУ АЛЬЯНСІ (1949 – 2024)
Authors: Пащук Юрій Михайлович
Published: September 2024

У статті розглянуто історичні аспекти розвитку організаційного вивчення і впровадження досвіду (ОВВД) в Північноатлантичному Альянсі (1949 – 2024). Дослідження сфокусовано на консеквентному вивченні основ створення та функ­ціонування Об’єднаної системи вивчення і впровадження досвіду, яка визначає форму та сутність ОВВД НАТО протягом вказаного хронологічного періоду.
Історичний аналіз зазначеної Системи проведено за чотирма напрямами (структура, процес, підготовка особового складу та засоби), що відповідають основ­ним компонентам спроможностей ОВВД Альянсу. За результатами дослідження запропоновано розрізняти чотири ключові етапи розвитку ОВВД в НАТО: 1) фор­мування (1949 – 2002); 2) вдосконалення спроможностей ОВВД (2003 – 2010); 3) модернізація (2011 – 2020); 4) еволюція на основі цифрової трансформації (2021 – по теперішній час).
Це військово-історичне дослідження є актуальним у контексті нагальної потреби подальшого удосконалення ОВВД у Збройних Силах України з метою відсічі російській збройній агресії проти нашої держави та забезпечення взаємосумісності з Північноатлантичним Альянсом.
АВІАРЕМОНТНА ГАЛУЗЬ УКРАЇНИ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ОБОРОННО-ПРОМИСЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ (1991 – 2021)
Authors: Харук Андрій Іванович
Published: September 2024

У статті розглянуто розвиток авіаремонтної галузі в Україні в період 1991 – 2021 рр. Відзначено, що упродовж 1990-х років галузь зазнала значних структурних змін, зумовлених двома чинниками: 1) надмірними щодо потреб України вироб­ничими потужностями; 2) недостатньою номенклатурою авіаційної техніки, яку могли обслуговувати авіаремонтні заводи. Відповіддю на першу проблему стала ліквідація або перепрофілювання низки авіаремонтних заводів. Друга проблема була розв’язана через освоєння ремонту нових типів літаків (МіГ-29, Су-24, Су-27). Поряд з цим, тривав ремонт і старих типів літаків, які не використовувались ЗС України – на іноземні замовлення. У 2000 х роках почалося освоєння модер­нізації літаків і гелікоптерів. До початку 2010-х років були реалізовані проєкти модернізації гелікоптерів Мі-24, літаків L-39, МіГ-29, Су-25, Су-27, Ан-32. Початок російської агресії у 2014 р., анексія Криму і окупація частини території Донецької і Луганської областей призвели до втрати низки авіаремонтних заводів (у Луганську, Севастополі, Євпаторії). Це зумовило необхідність перенесення ремонту деяких типів авіаційної техніки. Водночас інтенсифікується процес ремонту і модер­нізації авіаційної техніки задля відновлення боєздатності ЗС України. Найбільш успішною була модернізація штурмовиків Су-25 – до початку повномасштабної російської агресії 24 лютого 2022 р. оновлення пройшла переважна більшість літаків цього типу. Модернізація ж винищувачів МіГ-29 і Су-27 торкнулась тільки невеликої частини парку літаків цього типу. Модернізація гелікоптерів Мі-24 теж не була масштабною. До того ж, вона гальмувалась через брак ключових комплектуючих.
Automated CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells using the StemCellFactory
Authors: Nießing Bastian , Breitkreuz Yannik , Elanzew Andreas , de Toledo Marcelo A. S. , Vajs Peter , Nolden Marina , Erkens Frederik , Wanek Paul , Au Yeung Si Wah Christina , Haupt Simone , König Niels , Peitz Michael , Schmitt Robert H. , Zenke Martin , Brüstle Oliver
Published: September 2024

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a rapidly advancing technology that has the potential to accelerate research and development in a variety of fields. However, manual genome editing processes suffer from limitations in scalability, efficiency, and standardization. The implementation of automated systems for genome editing addresses these challenges, allowing researchers to cover the increasing need and perform large-scale studies for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medicine. In this study, we developed an automated CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing process on the StemCellFactory platform. We implemented a 4D-Nucleofector with a 96-well shuttle device into the StemCellFactory, optimized several parameters for single cell culturing and established an automated workflow for CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. When validated with a variety of genetic backgrounds and target genes, the automated workflow showed genome editing efficiencies similar to manual methods, with indel rates of up to 98%. Monoclonal colony growth was achieved and monitored using the StemCellFactory-integrated CellCelector, which allowed the exclusion of colonies derived from multiple cells or growing too close to neighbouring colonies. In summary, we demonstrate the successful establishment of an automated CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing process on the StemCellFactory platform. The development of such a standardized and scalable automated CRISPR/Cas9 system represents an exciting new tool in genome editing, enhancing our ability to address a wide range of scientific questions in disease modeling, drug development and personalized medicine.
tsCRISPR based identification of Rab proteins required for the recycling of Drosophila TRPL ion channel
Authors: Zeger Matthias , Stanisławczyk Lena Sarah , Bulić Marija , Binder Andrea Maria , Huber Armin
Published: September 2024

In polarized cells, the precise regulation of protein transport to and from the plasma membrane is crucial to maintain cellular function. Dysregulation of intracellular protein transport in neurons can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Here we used the light-dependent transport of the TRPL (transient receptor potential-like) ion channel in Drosophila photoreceptor cells to study the role of Rab proteins in TRPL recycling. TRPL is located in the rhabdomeric membrane of dark-adapted flies, but it is transported out of the rhabdomere upon light exposure and localizes at the Endoplasmatic Reticulum within 12 h. Upon subsequent dark adaptation, TRPL is recycled back to the rhabdomeric membrane within 90 min. To screen for Rab proteins involved in TRPL recycling, we established a tissue specific (ts) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of individual Rab genes in Drosophila photoreceptors and assessed TRPL localization using an eGFP tagged TRPL protein in the intact eyes of these mutants. We observed severe TRPL recycling defects in the knockouts of Rab3, Rab4, Rab7, Rab32, and RabX2. Using immunohistochemistry, we further showed that Rab3 and RabX2 each play a significant role in TRPL recycling and also influence TRPL transport. We localized Rab3 to the late endosome in Drosophila photoreceptors and observed disruption of TRPL transport to the ER in Rab3 knock-out mutants. TRPL transport from the ER to the rhabdomere ensues from the trans-Golgi where RabX2 is located. We observed accumulated TRPL at the trans-Golgi in RabX2 knock-out mutants. In summary, our study reveals the requirement of specific Rab proteins for different steps of TRPL transport in photoreceptor cells and provides evidence for a unique retrograde recycling pathway of TRPL from the ER via the trans-Golgi.
Synthesis and electrochemical studies of NaCoPO4 as an efficient cathode material using natural deep eutectic solvents for aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Eswara Rao C. V. V. , Janardan Sannapaneni , Manjunatha H. , Venkata Ratnam K. , Kumar Sandeesh , Chandrababu Naidu K. , Ranjan Shivendu
Published: September 2024

In this work, sodium cobalt phosphate (NaCoPO4) was successfully prepared by a cost-effective ionothermal method using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for the first time. The synthesized NaCoPO4 was used to fabricate a cathode material for aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. The surface morphology of the prepared materials and its compositional analysis were done by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, and EDX studies revealed that the material has orthorhombic-shaped particle morphology with uniform distribution and is in nanoscale (approximately 50 nm). The nature of the cation inserted (Na+ ion insertion) was confirmed by recording CV profiles at different concentrations of the Na2SO4 electrolyte. The reversibility of the electrode redox reaction was studied by varying the scan rate in CV studies, and it was found that the electrode exhibits a reversible behavior with a resistive behavior. In GCPL studies, the cell TiO2/2MNa2SO4/NaCoPO4 showed significant reversibility with a prominent discharge capacity of 85 mAh g−1 at 0.1°C and 88% of capacity retention after 100 cycles. Thus, the prepared materials could be used as an effective futuristic alternative battery material for rechargeable batteries.
Adapting improvement science tools and routines to build racial equity in out-of-school time STEM spaces
Authors: Iriti Jennifer , Delale-O'Connor Lori , Sherer Jennifer Zoltners , Stol Talia , Davis Disan , Matthis Chris , Lowry Danielle , Legg Alison Slinskey
Published: September 2024

Over the past two decades, networked improvement communities (NICs) have become popular for their collaborative, evidence-based approaches to enduring educational challenges. However, traditional improvement science has had inconsistent focus and efficacy in working on issues of racial equity. This study examines the integration of equity into improvement science through the case of the STEM PUSH Network, an NSF-funded alliance aimed at increasing racial and ethnic equity in STEM postsecondary enrollment and persistence. The STEM PUSH Network consists of 40 precollege STEM programs that strive to increase participation of Black, Latine, and Indigenous students in STEM undergraduate pathways. This paper tells the developmental story of how the network has embedded equity into its improvement practices, focusing on professional development in anti-racism and culturally sustaining pedagogy, the adoption of “living” norms, and the restructuring of inquiry cycles to prioritize marginalized voices. Initial results indicate that these efforts have significantly improved the network's equity practice and culture. The network's experiences reveal challenges such as variations in member capabilities while also demonstrating the potential for NICs to effectively incorporate equity into their practice. The STEM PUSH Network's journey offers valuable insights for other improvement networks seeking to prioritize equity, showcasing the necessity and impact of deliberate adjustments in improvement science tools and routines.
Electrophysiological monitoring of the nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve and radiological evaluation of concurrent vascular anomalies
Authors: Sormaz Ismail Cem , Iscan Ahmet Yalin , Tunca Fatih , Kostek Mehmet , Aygun Nurcihan , Matlim Ozel Tugba , Soytas Yigit , Poyanli Arzu , Sari Serkan , Uludag Mehmet , Giles Senyurek Yasemin
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study was to characterize the electrophysiological characteristics of nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerves (NRILNs) that were dissected via intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and concomitant vascular anomalies in patients with NRILNs.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 7865 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with IONM at three tertiary referral centers. The study included 42 patients in whom an NRILN was detected. IONM data and postoperative vocal cord (VC) examinations were recorded for all patients. The absence of an initial vagal EMG response and/or a short (<3.5 ms) latency period during the initial vagal stimulation or the inability to identify the RLN within the Beahrs triangle was considered highly suspicious for the presence of an NRILN. Postoperative cross-sectional imaging was performed in 36 out of 42 patients to assess any concurrent vascular anomalies.

Results

The prevalence of NRILN was 0.53%. An NRILN was suspected due to EMG findings in 32 (76%) patients and the inability to identify the RLN within the Beahrs triangle in the remaining 10 (24%) patients. The mean right VN latency period was 3.05 ± 0.15 ms. The V1 latency period of the right VN was shorter than 3.5 ms in 39 (93%) and longer than 3.5 ms in 3 (7%) patients. One of these three patients with latency>3.5ms had a large mediastinal goiter. Transient VC paralysis occurred in one (2.4%) patient. Of the 36 patients with postoperative imaging data, 33 (91.4%) had vascular anomalies. All 33 patients had aberrant right subclavian arteries, and 13 (39.4%) also had accompanying additional vascular anomalies.

Conclusion

The NRILN is an anatomical variation that increases the risk of nerve injury. Observation of an absent EMG response and/or a short latency period during the initial vagal stimulation facilitates the detection of an NRILN at an early stage of thyroidectomy in the majority of patients.
The impact of hormones on lung development and function: an overlooked aspect to consider from early childhood
Authors: Pelizzo Gloria , Calcaterra Valeria , Baldassarre Paola , Marinaro Michela , Taranto Silvia , Ceresola Michele , Capelo Gerson , Gazzola Cassandra , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: September 2024

The impact of hormones on the respiratory system constitutes a multifaceted and intricate facet of human biology. We propose a comprehensive review of recent advancements in understanding the interactions between hormones and pulmonary development and function, focusing on pediatric populations. We explore how hormones can influence ventilation, perfusion, and pulmonary function, from regulating airway muscle tone to modulating the inflammatory response. Hormones play an important role in the growth and development of lung tissues, influencing them from early stages through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. Glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), retinoids, cholecalciferol sex steroids, hormones derived from adipose tissue, factors like insulin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and glucagon are key players in modulating respiratory mechanics and inflammation. While ample evidence underscores the impact of hormones on lung development and function, along with sex-related differences in the prevalence of respiratory disorders, further research is needed to clarify their specific roles in these conditions. Further research into the mechanisms underlying hormonal effects is essential for the development of customizing therapeutic approaches for respiratory diseases. Understanding the impact of hormones on lung function could be valuable for developing personalized monitoring approaches in both medical and surgical pediatric settings, in order to improve outcomes and the quality of care for pediatric patients.
Impact of blastocyst grading and blastocyst biopsy dates on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing preimplantation genetic testing
Authors: Tan Chang , Wang Xiliang , Zou Pengshu , Wei Wei , Yan Li , Wang Kaiyue , Yu Yuexin
Published: September 2024

Background

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) allows for the evaluation of embryo genetic information prior to implantation, enabling the selection of normal embryos for transfer and ultimately leading to better pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we explored factors that influence clinical outcomes of patients undergoing PGT. The effects of blastocyst grading and biopsy dates on clinical outcomes were also analyzed.

Methods

The clinical data and pregnancy outcomes of 428 PGT cycles performed in the Reproductive Medicine Department of the Northern Theater General Hospital between January 2017 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis and nomograms were used to determine factors influencing pregnancy outcomes. The impact of D5 blastocysts (290 cycles) and D6 blastocysts (138 cycles) with different quality levels on clinical outcomes was also compared.

Results

Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, endometrial thickness, and embryo quality of women affected PGT clinical outcomes. Women aged <40 years or with a body mass index (BMI) >18.5 and endometrial thickness>1.0 cm had a significantly higher pregnancy success rate. Compared to that of D6 blastocyst biopsy, D5 blastocyst biopsy was associated with a higher pregnancy success rate but a similar live birth rate. No significant differences were observed in the pregnancy and live birth rates of D5 and D6 high-quality blastocysts.

Conclusion

To achieve better pregnancy outcomes after PGT, considering blastocyst grading and biopsy dates when transferring embryos is essential for improving pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, patients should adjust their BMI, endometrial receptivity, and endometrial thickness and pattern.
Comparing therapeutic outcomes: radioactive iodine therapy versus non-radioactive iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Tiucă Robert Aurelian , Tiucă Oana Mirela , Pop Raluca Monica , Paşcanu Ionela Maria
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Radioactive iodine (RAI) has been utilized for nearly 80 years in treating both hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer, and it continues to play a central role in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) today. Recently, the use of RAI therapy for indolent, low-risk DTC has generated considerable debate. This case-control study evaluated the therapeutic response in DTC patients, comparing outcomes between those who received RAI therapy and those who did not.

Methods

The study included individuals diagnosed with either indolent or aggressive histological types of DTC who either underwent RAI therapy or did not. For each patient, information regarding demographics (age, sex, background), clinical data, laboratory parameters, pathological exam, history of RAI therapy, thyroid ultrasound findings, and loco-regional or distant metastasis was extracted. All group comparisons were made using a two-sided test at an α level of 5%.

Results

Out of 104 patients diagnosed with DTC, 76 met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently divided into two primary groups based on their history of RAI ablation. The majority of patients underwent RAI therapy (76.3%). Most patients had a good biochemical (68.4%, p = 0.246) and structural control (72.4%, p = 0.366), without a significant difference between the two groups. RAI therapy significantly protected against incomplete biochemical control in the overall population (p = 0.019) and in patients with histological indolent DTC (p = 0.030). Predictive factors for incomplete biochemical control included male sex (p = 0.008) and incomplete structural control (p = 0.002) across all patients, regardless of the histological type.

Discussions

While RAI therapy has traditionally been used to manage DTC, our study found no significant difference in biochemical and structural responses between patients who received RAI therapy and those who did not. However, RAI therapy emerged as a protective factor against incomplete biochemical control, even in histological indolent DTC cases. These findings suggest that while RAI therapy may not be universally necessary, it could be beneficial in reducing the risk of biochemical recurrence in select patient subgroups, such as those with incomplete structural control or male patients. Thus, a personalized approach to RAI therapy, tailored to individual risk factors, may improve patient outcomes without overtreatment.
Case report: Novel germline c.587delA pathogenic variant in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Huang Haotian , Li Jianwei , Zhang Kun , Tang Yu , Zhang Min , Fan Zhen , Wang Tao , Liu Yaoxia
Published: September 2024

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare genetic disease, characterized by co-occurrence of several lesions of the endocrine system. In MEN1, the pathogenic MEN1 gene mutations lead to the Abnormal expression of menin, a critical tumor suppressor protein. We here reported a case of a 14‐year‐old male with insulinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. Genetic testing demonstrated a novel heterozygote variant c.587delA of MEN1, resulting in the substitution of the 196th amino acid, changing from glutamic acid to glycine, followed by a frameshift translation of 33 amino acids. An identical variant was identified in the proband’s father, who was further diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MEN1 syndrome caused by the c.587delA MEN1 variant. Observations indicated that, despite sharing the same MEN1 gene change, family members exhibited diverse clinical phenotypes. This underscored the presence of genetic anticipation within the familial context.
Enhancing power quality monitoring with discrete wavelet transform and extreme learning machine: a dual-stage pattern recognition approach
Authors: Molu Reagan Jean Jacques , Mbasso Wulfran Fendzi , Saatong Kenfack Tsobze , Dzonde Naoussi Serge Raoul , Alruwaili Mohammed , Elrashidi Ali , Nureldeen Waleed
Published: September 2024

Monitoring energy quality events is crucial for maintaining the stability and reliability of power grids. This paper presents a novel system integrating Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for detecting and classifying power quality disturbances. The DWT performs multi-resolution analysis to decompose signals into time-frequency components, capturing various disturbances such as sags, swells, and harmonics. The ELM classifier, trained on these decomposed signals, achieves an impressive classification accuracy of 99.69%, significantly outperforming conventional methods like STFT with SVM (97.22%) and FFT with ANN (99.30%). The system was validated on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 SoC FPGA, demonstrating real-time processing capabilities with a latency of 1.5 milliseconds and a power consumption of 1.8 W. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method for real-time, accurate, and energy-efficient power quality monitoring.
Fault current limiting control of full-scale wind power generators based on switched bang-bang scheme
Authors: Shen Kankai , Li Jingyi , Zhang Yaozhong , Li Haoheng , Liu Yang
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a fault current limiting scheme (FCLS) for full-scale wind power generators based on logic bang-bang funnel control (LBFC). Different from the convention methods such as frequency droop control and sliding control, which design the control strategy according to the specific fault currents, LBFC is able to restrict various fault current within acceptable range in the shortest time, and it is robust to system nonlinearities and external disturbances. The control signal of the LBFC is bang-bang with the upper and lower limits of control variables. In the model of full-scale wind power generators connecting with the power grid, LBFC is designed to control the switches of inverter bridges when over-current is detected, and a vector controller is applied during the normal operation. Time-domain simulations were conducted with PSCAD, and the performance of LBFC was validated.
Altered immune cell in human severe acute pancreatitis revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wu Zheyi , Wang Shijie , Wu Zhiheng , Tao Junjie , Li Lei , Zheng Chuanming , Xu Zhipeng , Du Zhaohui , Zhao Chengpu , Liang Pengzhen , Xu Aman , Wang Zhenjie
Published: September 2024

Background

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by inflammation, with inflammatory immune cells playing a pivotal role in disease progression. This study aims to understand variations in specific immune cell subtypes in SAP, uncover their mechanisms of action, and identify potential biological markers for predicting Acute Pancreatitis (AP) severity.

Methods

We collected peripheral blood from 7 untreated SAP patients and employed single-cell RNA sequencing for the first time to construct a transcriptome atlas of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in SAP. Integrating SAP transcriptomic data with 6 healthy controls from the GEO database facilitated the analysis of immune cell roles in SAP. We obtained comprehensive transcriptomic datasets from AP samples in the GEO database and identified potential biomarkers associated with AP severity using the “Scissor” tool in single-cell transcriptomic data.

Results

This study presents the inaugural construction of a peripheral blood single-cell atlas for SAP patients, identifying 20 cell subtypes. Notably, there was a significant decrease in effector T cell subsets and a noteworthy increase in monocytes compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we identified a novel monocyte subpopulation expressing high levels of PPBP and PF4 which was significantly elevated in SAP. The proportion of monocyte subpopulations with high CCL3 expression was also markedly increased compared to healthy controls, as verified by flow cytometry. Additionally, cell communication analysis revealed insights into immune and inflammation-related signaling pathways in SAP patient monocytes. Finally, our findings suggest that the subpopulation with high CCL3 expression, along with upregulated pro-inflammatory genes such as S100A12, IL1B, and CCL3, holds promise as biomarkers for predicting AP severity.

Conclusion

This study reveals monocytes’ crucial role in SAP initiation and progression, characterized by distinct pro-inflammatory features intricately linked to AP severity. A monocyte subpopulation with elevated PPBP and CCL3 levels emerges as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
Effects of two immunosuppression regimens on T-lymphocyte subsets in elderly kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Freitas Geraldo Rubens R. , Fernandes Maria da Luz , Agena Fabiana , Lemos Francine B. C. , Paula Flavio J. de , Coelho Verônica , David-Neto Elias , Galante Nelson Z.
Published: September 2024

Background

Despite the growing number of elderly kidney transplant (Ktx) recipients, few studies have examined the effects of immunosuppression on their lymphocyte profiles.

Methods

We evaluated the early conversion from mycophenolate sodium (MPS) to everolimus (EVL) after rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) 2 mg/kg induction in elderly kidney recipients. Three groups of KTx patients were compared: (a) Young (n=20, 36 ± 7 y) receiving standard immunosuppression (Group A1) (prednisone, tacrolimus, and MPS), (b) Elderly (n=35, 65 ± 3 y) receiving standard immunosuppression (Group B1), and (c) Elderly (n=16, 65 ± 3 y) with early (mean 30 d) conversion from MPS to EVL (Group B2). Naive, memory, and regulatory peripheral blood TCD4+ lymphocytes were quantified at 0, 30, and 365 d.

Results

Results are reported as [mean(p25–p75)]. Young recipients had higher lymphocyte counts at baseline [2,100(1,630–2,400) vs. 1,310 (1,000–1,600)/mm3, p<0.0001] maintained higher counts within 365 d [1,850(1,590–2,120) vs. 1,130(460–1,325)/mm3, p=0.018 and vs. 1,410(805–1,895)/mm3, p=0.268]. Elderly recipients showed a decrease in lymphocytes within 30 d [1,310(1,000–1,600) vs. 910(700–1,198)/mm3, p=0.0012] with recovery within 365 d. The same pattern was observed in total lymphocytes and TCD4+ counts. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin induced a reduction in central memory T-cell percentages at 30 d in both young recipients [6.2(3.77–10.8) vs. 5.32(2.49–7.28)% of CD4+, p=0.036] and in elderly recipients [8.17(5.28–12.88) vs. 6.74(4.36–11)% of CD4+, p=0.05] on standard immunosuppression, returning to baseline at 365 d in elderly recipients but not in young recipients. Regulatory T CD39+ cells (Treg) percentages decreased at 30 d in elderly recipients [2.1(1.23–3.51) vs. 1.69(0.8–2.66)% of CD4+, p=0.0028] and in young recipients [1.29(0.45–1.85) vs. 0.84(0.18–1.82)% of CD4+, p=0.0038], returning to baseline at 365 d in elderly recipients [2.1(1.23–3.51) vs. 2.042(0.88–2.42)% of CD4+], but not in young recipients [1.29(0.45–1.85) vs. 0.86(0.7–1.34) % of CD4+]. The elderly everolimus conversion group did not show significant changes in cell profile over time or compared to elderly recipients with standard immunosuppression.

Conclusion

Aging favored the maintenance of Treg during the late transplantation period despite ongoing immunosuppression. Lymphocyte depletion due to rATG was more prominent in elderly recipients and affected memory subsets with a temporary reduction in central memory T cells. However, conversion to everolimus did not impact Treg profile. Reducing the dose of rATG in elderly recipients seems necessary for the expected lymphocyte changes with EVL to occur.

Clinical trial registration

nEverOld Trial, identifier NTC01631058.
The negative effects of extracellular vesicles in the immune system
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Cuifang , Wu Feifeng , Mao Jueyi , Zhu Junquan , Xie Haotian , Zhou Xin , Wen Chuan , Tian Jidong
Published: September 2024

Immunity is a critical self-defense mechanism of the human body, wherein immune cells and immune molecules play a crucial role. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), derived from immune cells or other cells, play a significant role in tumors, autoimmune diseases and other immune-related disorders by serving as carriers and facilitating intercellular communication through the transfer of cargoes. Numerous studies have revealed that EVs can exacerbate disease development by modulating immune responses. Therefore, this paper focuses on the effects of EVs on the number, activity and function of different types of immune cells and the release of immune molecules (such as cytokines, antigens, antibodies, etc) in various diseases, as well as the roles of EVs associated with different types of immune cells in various diseases. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the negative effects that EVs play in the immune system to provide more ideas and strategies for the management of clinical immune diseases.
How underappreciated autoinflammatory (innate immunity) mechanisms dominate disparate autoimmune disorders
Authors: Abacar Kerem , Macleod Tom , Direskeneli Haner , McGonagle Dennis
Published: September 2024

Historically inflammation against self was considered autoimmune which stems back to the seminal observations by Ehrlich who described serum factors, now known to be autoantibodies produced by B lineage cells that mediate “horror autotoxicus”. The 20th century elucidation of B- and T-cell adaptive immune responses cemented the understanding of the key role of adaptive immune responses in mediating pathology against self. However, Mechnikov shared the Nobel Prize for the discovery of phagocytosis, the most rudimentary aspect of innate immunity. Fast forward some 100 years and an immunogenetic understanding of innate immunity led to the categorising of innate immunopathology under the umbrella term ‘auto inflammation’ and terminology such as “horror autoinflammaticus” to highlight the schism from the classical adaptive immune understanding of autoimmunity. These concepts lead to calls for a two-tiered classification of inflammation against self, but just as innate and adaptive immunity are functionally integrated, so is immunopathology in many settings and the concept of an autoimmune to autoinflammation continuum emerged with overlaps between both. Herein we describe several historically designated disorders of adaptive immunity where innate immunity is key, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) where the immunopathology phenotype is strongly linked to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II associations and responds to drugs that target T-cells. We also consider MHC-I-opathies including psoriasis and Behcet's disease(BD) that are increasingly viewed as archetype CD8 T-cell related disorders. We also briefly review the key role of barrier dysfunction in eczema and ulcerative colitis (UC) where innate tissue permeability barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis contributes to prominent adaptive immune pathological mechanisms. We also highlight the emerging roles of intermediate populations of lymphocytes including gamma delta (γδ) and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that represent a blend of adaptive immune plasticity and innate immune rapid responders that may also determine site specific patterns of inflammation.
Cardiac macrophages in maintaining heart homeostasis and regulating ventricular remodeling of heart diseases
Authors: Kang Mengjie , Jia Hui , Feng Mei , Ren Haolin , Gao Junjia , Liu Yueyang , Zhang Lu , Zhou Ming-Sheng
Published: September 2024

Macrophages are most important immune cell population in the heart. Cardiac macrophages have broad-spectrum and heterogeneity, with two extreme polarization phenotypes: M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages (CCR2-ly6Chi) and M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages (CCR2-ly6Clo). Cardiac macrophages can reshape their polarization states or phenotypes to adapt to their surrounding microenvironment by altering metabolic reprogramming. The phenotypes and polarization states of cardiac macrophages can be defined by specific signature markers on the cell surface, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), C-C chemokine receptor type (CCR)2, IL-4 and arginase (Arg)1, among them, CCR2+/- is one of most important markers which is used to distinguish between resident and non-resident cardiac macrophage as well as macrophage polarization states. Dedicated balance between M1 and M2 cardiac macrophages are crucial for maintaining heart development and cardiac functional and electric homeostasis, and imbalance between macrophage phenotypes may result in heart ventricular remodeling and various heart diseases. The therapy aiming at specific target on macrophage phenotype is a promising strategy for treatment of heart diseases. In this article, we comprehensively review cardiac macrophage phenotype, metabolic reprogramming, and their role in maintaining heart health and mediating ventricular remodeling and potential therapeutic strategy in heart diseases.