bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Konten Pembelajaran di Media Sosial Instagram untuk Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi Kelas X di SMAN 103 Jakarta
Authors: Abu Dzar Al Ghifari  , Retno Widyaningrum, S.Sos, MM.  , Santi Maudiarti S.E, M.Pd
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk berupa konten mata pelajaran sosiologi yang dikembangkan kedalam berbagai format yaitu visual dan audio-visual dengan memanfaatkan media sosial Instagram. Pengembangan ini dimanfaatkan untuk mendorong peningkatan kinerja belajar peserta didik dan menambah media belajar yang variatif terhadap mata pelajaran sosiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan tahapan model Dick and Carey, yaitu Asess  Needs to Identify goal(s), Conduct Instructional Analysis, Analyze Learners and Contexts, Write Performance Objectives, Develop Assessment Instruments, Develop Instructional Strategy, dan pada tahap ketujuh, Develop and Select Instructional Materials menggunakan model pengembangan ke dua, yaitu Decide, Design, Develop and  Evaluation (DDD-E). Nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh  sebagai berikut: Ahli materi sebesar 3,84 kategori sangat baik, Ahli media pembelajaran sebesar 3,65 kategori sangat baik, sedangkan nilai rata-rata dari hasil uji coba one to one adalah sebesar 3,4 kategori sangat baik. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa pengembangan konten di media sosial Instagram pada penelitian ini dapat memfasilitasi peserta didik mempelajari mata pelajaran sosiologi.
Pengembangan Microlearning pada Mata Kuliah Difusi Inovasi Pendidikan di Prodi Teknologi Pendidikan
Authors: Noriska Naomi Jessi , Widyaningrum Retno , Nursetyo Kunto Imbar
Published: January 2021

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa microlearning yang dapat digunakan oleh mahasiswa yang sedang mengikuti mata kuliah Difusi Inovasi Pendidikan di Prodi Teknologi Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketujuh tahap dalam model Dick and Carey, lalu dalam mengembangkan produk menggunakan model SAM1. Nilai rata-rata keseluruhan yang diperoleh dari tahap expert review sebagai berikut: penilaian dari ahli materi sebesar 3,86 termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik, penilaian dari ahli media sebesar 3,5 termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik, dan penilaian dari ahli desain pembelajaran sebesar 3,45 termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh dari hasil uji coba one to one adalah sebesar 3,79 termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik. Hasil pengembangan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa microlearning yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini dapat memfasilitasi mahasiswa mempelajari mata kuliah Difusi Inovasi Pendidikan.
Defining Social Change as Social Action: HE's Role in Addressing Social Change
Authors: Yassim Mazia
Published: January 2021

Recent resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement across the world is a reminder for HE institutions that we have a key role to play in enabling that our graduates are competent in creating and deliveing effective social change. This needs for us to move on from creating awareness of social issues to equipping our students to creat and deliver social action. Education and measurement are key in helping us achieve this.
Learning Theories in the context of teaching Law
Authors: Boodia-Canoo Nandini
Published: January 2021

The following is a reflective case study on common approaches to teaching Law in higher education, and how these may be informed by learning theories. The paper looks specifically at Social Learning Theory, Constructivism and Cognitive Load Theory. Following a critique of certain practices, suggestions are made to encourage further evolution of methods relevant to teaching problem-solving skills to Law students at undergraduate level.
Realising the inclusive potential of online teaching and learning for marginalised students
Authors: Hurford Donna , Read Andrew
Published: January 2021

Online teaching and learning can contribute to inclusive and accessible teaching and learning. By prioritising inclusion, accessibility and careful planning we will find the potential in online platforms and resources and our most marginalised students will benefit most.
PIDANA HUKUMAN MATI DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ETIKA DEONTOLOGI
Authors: Izad Rohmatul
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiscourse about capital punishment is a discourse that often causes polemics. Problems that underlie the problem of capital punishment do not only occur in the realm of law, but also the realm of thought outside. The problem that often becomes polemic is whether the death penalty for serious criminals will have a deterrent effect for anyone not to commit the same crime, is a life not the most substantial right of life for humans, and capital punishment is often considered contrary to human rights. This study specifically examines capital punishment in Indonesia in terms of deontological ethics theory, which looks at the issue of capital punishment from the perspective of ethical values that start with acts of kindness based on duties and obligations. This study analyzes the polemic of capital punishment, both pros, and cons, as well as tracing the roots of morality in the practice of capital punishment, so this research can make a new contribution through the perspective of ethical deontology in viewing ethical aspects in the practice of capital punishment. On this basis, this research uses a descriptive-interpretative approach. Researchers critically dissect how the root of the formation of the death penalty in Indonesia, by carefully reviewing it from the perspective of ethical deontology.Keywords: Death Penalty, Deontology Ethics, Human Rights. AbstrakWacana tentang pidana hukuman mati merupakan wacana yang banyak menimbulkan polemik. Problem yang mendasari persoalan pidana hukuman mati tidak hanya terjadi pada ranah hukum, tetapi juga dalam ranah pemikiran secara luar. Masalah yang sering menjadi polemik adalah apakah hukuman mati bagi para pelaku pidana berat akan menimbulkan efek jera bagi siapapun untuk tidak melakukan tindak kejahatan yang sama, bukankah nyawa adalah hak hidup paling substansial bagi manusia, dan hukuman mati seringkali dianggap bertentangan dengan hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini secara khusus mengkaji tentang pidana hukuman mati di Indonesia ditinjau dari sudut teori etika deontologi, yakni melihat persoalan pidana mati dari perspektif nilai-nilai etis yang bertitik tolak pada tindakan kebaikan berdasarkan tugas dan kewajiban. Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang polemik hukuman mati, baik yang pro dan kontra, maupun menelusuri akar-akar moralitas dalam praktik pidana hukuman mati, kiranya penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi baru melalui cara pandang etika deontologi dalam melihat sisi-sisi etis dalam praktik pidana hukuman mati. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deksriptif-interpretatif. Peneliti membedah secara kritis bagaimana akar terbentuknya hukuman mati di Indonesia, dengan secara cermat melakukan peninjauan dalam perspektif etika deontologi.
PROBLEMATIKA DOMINASI ISTRI SEBAGAI PENCARI NAFKAH (STUDI KASUS DI DESA JORESAN KEC. MLARAK KAB. PONOROGO)
Authors: Noviana Lia , Faradhila Salma Dewi
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK : Penikahan merupakan sarana dalam membentuk keluarga, yang tidak hanya mengatur hubungan antar manusia, namun juga mengandung sakralitas hubungan manusia dengan Tuhannya. Dalam Perkawinan timbul hak dan kewajiban antar suami istri yang harus dipenuhi oleh masing-masing pihak, salah satunya ialah kewajiban suami memenuhi nafkah untuk keluarganya. Namun tidak jarang kewajiban suami sebagai pencari nafkah digantikan oleh istri sebagaimana yang terjadi di Desa Joresan Kecamatan Mlarak Kabupaten Ponorogo. Istri sebagai pencari nafkah utama disebabkan karena suami kurang mampu mencukupi perekonomian keluarga. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisa lebih dalam tentang faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi istri menjadi pencari nafkah dan dampak yang ditimbulkan pada keluarga serta peran istri sebagai pencari nafkah dalam perspektif maslahah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitis, peneliti menganalisa realita istri sebagai pencari nafkah keluarga serta pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan rumah tangga dalam perspektif maslahah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa istri sebagai pencari nafkah merupakan usaha untuk menolak kemudaratan yang terjadi dikarenakan sang suami belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarganya. Dilihat dari segi kepentingan dan masalahnya, istri yang bekerja sebagai pencari nafkah keluarga di Desa Joresan termasuk dalam kategori maslahah daruriyah. Dalam perspektif maslahah wajibnya memperhitungkan seberapa besar kemanfaatan atau kemudaratan yang didapat demi menjaga kelangsungan hidup agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan, dan harta.
Deep-Learning Technique Monitors Well-Testing Burner Efficiency
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 19714, “Deep Learning for Monitoring Well-Testing Burner Efficiency,” by Darine Mansour, SPE, Hakim Arabi, and Yingwei Yu, SPE, Schlumberger, et al., prepared for the 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 13-15 January. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

During well-testing operations, incorrect burner combustion could have an adverse effect on the environment or personal safety. Combustion efficiency is assessed by personnel who observe the flame. This practice lacks consistency and poses challenges, including environmental and safety considerations and issues with data. In the complete paper, the authors propose a solution that uses a deep neural network that learns from flame videos to define the quality of the combustion. The results are promising and show that this solution is a good candidate for real-time burner-efficiency monitoring and automatic alarm triggering and optimization.

Introduction

Automation of the evaluation of combustion efficiency would promote consistent combustion efficiency and timely reaction to undesirable combustion. In field operations, cameras are positioned for a direct view of the burner flames. The authors use a data set of video images captured by the cameras and labeled by domain experts as images of acceptable or undesirable combustion. The goal of the study is to automate human monitoring of the combustion by processing these images and classifying them automatically as images of acceptable or undesirable combustion. A supervised learning approach is applied to the problem. The approach consists of extracting the flame features from each image and feeding the features to a classifier that categorizes the combustion.

The classifier is trained using the extracted features and labeled combustion images as input. The traditional approach to feature extraction is manual feature engineering, involving the extraction of handcrafted features using image-processing algorithms and domain knowledge. The process is tedious and time-consuming. Much effort is required to extract all relevant features in various contextual and environmental conditions. The extracted features are problem-dependent, and the process may require revisiting algorithms to adapt to new data that hold new features or new representations of existing features.

Approach

To achieve classification, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained using a data set of images labeled by domain experts. Using the image data set captured by well-testing cameras, a CNN with an architecture similar to VGG-16 that learns to extract powerful features from natural images is fine-tuned.
Hopes of Basement Bonanza Drowned by Bad Modeling
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: January 2021

A British independent bet its future on proving that fractured basement formations could produce large amounts of oil and gas.

Based on its first two wells, the proposition that these highly fractured layers of awful-quality reservoir rock can produce billions of barrels of oil is looking very unlikely, but there might be something of value down there.

Last April, Hurricane Energy predicted those two development wells could easily produce 17,000 B/D of oil from rock it said held “half a billion barrels of oil.”

Now Hurricane’s ambitious plans and its identity as “basement reservoir specialists” are in tatters.

The initial wells were productive but much of what was coming out of the lower one - 205/21a-7z - was water. After 8 months of production the water cut reached 46% from a well that was supposed to be hundreds of meters above the boundary between the oil and water aquifer.

That was not the only evidence suggesting there was something wrong with the plan to develop discoveries in the Lancaster field along Rona Ridge in the West of Shetland area.

On 8 June, Hurricane’s founder and Chief Executive Officer Robert Trice, a geologist with a keen interest in fractured basement rock, resigned, and the company launched a review of the technical work underlying the plan.

Experts were added to the subsurface team, which then made major changes. The most significant change pushed up the depth of the contact point between the oil and water levels by around 300 m, within 1 m below the toe of the lower well.

In other words, three-quarters of the reservoir in the original plan was under water.

The presentation by Beverley Smith, the company’s interim chief executive officer, was a reminder of how a long-term production test can change a reservoir model, even one based on years of work and the drilling of multiple wells.

“Let me start by reminding everyone that we are dealing with a unique and challenging reservoir that was always subject to great uncertainty and where data acquisition has long been problematic,” Smith said.

Lowered Expectations Hurricane’s remaining Lancaster well (205/21a-6) is producing more than 12,000 B/D, providing critical cash flow for the company, whose future looks altogether different than it did in the days when it predicted its discoveries could potentially produce 2.6 billion bbl of oil, making it the largest undeveloped resource base in the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS).
Study Recognizes and Assists in Mitigation of Bottomhole Assembly Lateral Vibration Chatter
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 197231, “Recognition and Mitigation of the Bottomhole Assembly Lateral Vibration Chatter Mode,” by Jeffrey R. Bailey, SPE, and Harshit Lathi, ExxonMobil, and Matthew T. Prim, SPE, ADNOC, et al., prepared for the 2019 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 11-14 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Lateral vibration modeling of certain bottomhole assembly (BHA) designs has shown great sensitivity to the proximity of stabilizer blades. This paper explores the nature of the vibrational dysfunction known as BHA chatter. A field-proven frequency-domain model illustrates the cause of the dysfunction, its rotary-speed dependence, and mitigation methods and results. The complete paper provides three case studies exploring this phenomenon, one of which is included in this synopsis.

Introduction

The authors first describe the similarities and differences of a BHA and a stringed instrument. The string of a violin, for example, typically has two fixed nodal points: the first at the bridge, which does not change, and the second at the position of the musician’s finger, which is moved along the fingerboard in order to play notes of different frequencies. The finger pressing on the string causes it to have zero displacement at that location, which defines a nodal point. Additional nodal points may occur in the motion of the string as harmonics of the fundamental mode, but these are not considered to be fixed nodes because the amplitudes of the harmonics vary. The string is relatively flexible, so it can be described adequately with a second-order differential equation.

Significantly, a BHA typically has more than two nodes. A lateral wave propagating along the BHA must satisfy the nodal point constraint of zero lateral deflection at all these locations. These nodes typically are placed without regard to the frequency of the wave traveling along the string, which is governed by the rotary speed and the type of lateral excitation.

The geometric compatibility requirement that the pipe has zero displacement at the fixed nodes has ramifications. The nodal point constraints force the pipe to adapt to the locations of these nodes through contact forces that literally push the pipe back into position to honor the constraints. In some scenarios, this process requires large forces. One consequence of large forces pushing the pipe to maintain geometric compatibility is that these forces are applied to the outer diameter of a body that is rotating, so this response may also generate torque and associated wear of the contacting surfaces. This observation applies to both static and dynamic forces but most commonly is recognized in the static domain. It is not typically recognized in dynamics as applied to BHA design.
Study Explores Risk-Based Approaches to Produced Water
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 199412, “New Produced-Water Risk-Based-Approach Guidance,” by Mathijs Smit, Shell; Sean Hayes, More Energy; and Oliver Pelz, BP, et al., for the 2020 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability, originally scheduled to be held in Bogota, Colombia, 17-19 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A global trend has developed toward the application of risk- based assessment (RBA) techniques for managing environmental risks and considering potential effects of produced-water (PW) discharge. The main objective of the complete paper is to achieve harmony in the means by which operators execute RBA for offshore PW discharges. This coordination is likely to enhance broader understanding and acceptance of RBA techniques internationally.

RBA Techniques

Key Principles. An RBA approach to managing PW begins with an assessment objective (e.g., demonstrating no adverse effect outside an accepted zone). The RBA characterizes the risk (i.e., the likelihood that adverse effects may occur) to the environment of a PW discharge given the exposure resulting from effluent discharge and the sensitivity of the receiving environment to exposure. To assess the risks of discharge, existing international frameworks for ecological risk assessment are available.

These frameworks include data collection, hazard assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The specifics of data collection depend on the form of the hazard assessment and the exposure assessment, which, in turn, are dependent on the risk characterization, which allows compliance with the assessment objective to be evaluated. The purpose of the RBA for PW can be to target no adverse effect beyond an accepted zone or to serve as a management tool to drive continuous improvement. The risk-assessment steps usually are executed through a tiered process.

Regulatory Approaches to RBA. At the time of writing, only a handful of regulatory frameworks for offshore PW management include principles of RBA. Table 1 of the complete paper provides a comparison of different assessment objectives and endpoints for regulatory PW RBA approaches used in selected basins. The table makes clear that it is not practical or necessary to meet the required criteria at the end of the pipe. Common practice defines a zone where the defined threshold may still be exceeded. This zone is often referred to as the mixing zone. While the use of a 500-m mixing zone is common practice offshore Brazil, for instance, in the US Gulf of Mexico, a 100-m mixing zone is applied. Different thresholds are applied in the different jurisdictions that justify the mixing zones.

Defining the Adverse Effect Threshold. The three regulatory approaches presented in Table 1 of the complete paper apply different methodologies for defining the threshold level of adverse effects that should not be exceeded.
Nascent RNA 4sU labelling and enrichment
Authors: Beagrie Robert A. , Downes Damien J.
Published: January 2021

4sU-seq allows for measuring or nascent transcription which can reflect dynamic changes more accurately than traditional RNA-seq. Incorporation of the nucleoside analog 4-thiouridine into RNA allows the separation of nascent transcripts though reversible coupling to biotin and streptavdin bead pull-down. The protocol takes roughly two days to generate a sequencing ready library.
Mouse fetal liver erythroid population separation using FACS.
Authors: Beagrie Robert A. , Downes Damien J.
Published: January 2021

Through-out erythropoiesis cells undergo several morphological and regulatory changes. In mouse, these changes can be characterized through isolation of specific intermediate populations based on the surface levels of Ter119 (Glycophorin A-associated protein/Ly-76) and CD71 (Transferrin receptor 1)1-2. This method takes roughly one day and can be used to generate sufficient cells for most high-throughput sequencing techniques with low input adaptations.
Molecular Insight into the Knockdown Resistance (kdr) in the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (vgsc) Gene of the Main Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and the Discovery of Novel Regional Specific Point Mutation A1007G in Malaysia.
Authors: Akhir Mas Azlin M. , Wajidi Mustafa F. F. , Lavoué Sébastien , Azzam Ghows , Jaafar Izhan Shahrin , Besar Noor Aslinda Ummi Awang Besar Awang , Ishak Intan Haslina
Published: January 2021

Background: Characterization of the insecticide resistance mechanism imparts the society with the information on the evolutionary process involved in the adaptation of Aedes aegypti mosquito to environmental changes. Investigating the phenotypic status of the target mosquitoes, their resistance level as well as elucidating the genotypic profile provides information about the involvement of insecticide resistance mechanism, in terms of portraying the evolution of resistance in the field, to eventually managing vector control programmes. In this current study, we investigated the quantification responses for the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Ae. aegypti population from different states in Malaysia. Methods: We tested insecticide susceptibility status of adult Ae. aegypti from populations of States of Penang, Selangor and Kelantan (Peninsular Malaysia) against 0.25% permethrin and 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl through WHO bioassay kit. Permethrin-resistant and permethrin susceptible samples were then genotyped for domains II and III in the voltage gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene using allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) for the presence of diagnostic single nucleotide mutations. AS-PCR results were then validated in sequencing these two domains to identify any possible additional point mutations. Results: Adult WHO bioassay revealed that populations of Ae. aegypti from these three states were highly resistant towards 0.25% permethrin and 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl. Genotyping results showed that three knockdown (kdr) mutations (i.e. S989P, V1016G and F1534C) were associated with pyrethroid resistance in these populations. We also report for the first time the presence of the A1007G mutation in Malaysian populations of Ae. aegypti.Conclusions: This study brings an insight on the occurrence and association of point mutations with insecticide resistance in Malaysian populations of Ae. aegypti. The results reveal the widespread of several kdr mutations in the field with the consequence to compromise the use of pyrethroid insecticides in vector control programmes. Knowledge on the distribution of target site resistance throughout Malaysia is vital to ensure the success of the insecticide-based vector control programme.
High Level Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Clinical Infections at a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Ojewuyi Abiodun Ronke , Odetoyin Babatunde , Aboderin Aaron Oladipo
Published: January 2021

Background Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has become a growing clinical concern worldwide. Recent reports from Nigeria revealed that qunolone resistant clinical isolates have become commomplace. However, few reports regarding the prevalence of PMQR are available. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of PMQR genes in qunolone resistant clinical isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional hospital based study involving 390 non-repetitive Gram negative bacilli from diverse clinical infections. The isolates were characterized by the MicrobactTM identification kit and their susceptibility patterns determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. All quinolone resistant isolates were investigated for the carriage of PMQR genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data analysis was with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics.Results The isolates were distributed as Escherichia coli (n=121; 31.0%), Klebsiella species (n= 112;28.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=59;15.1%), Proteus species (n=43;11.0%), Salmonella species (n=6;1.3%) and others. They were commonly resistant to nalidixic (62.6%), co-amoxiclav (57.7%); norfloxacin (52.3%), ofloxacin(52.1%) and ciprofloxacin(51.0%), but were least resistant to imipenem; (n=36; 9.2%). Out of 244 isolates that were resistant to at least one quinolone, 180 (73.8%) harboured one or more PMQR gene with a high prevalence of efflux-mediating determinants (qepA, 22.5%; oqxAB, 21.1%), and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6’)-Ib-cr, 19.7%). Proportionately low level of target-protecting determinants; qnrB, 13.2%; qnrS, 8.7%; qnrA, 5.9%; qnrD, 4.5% and qnrC, 4.2% were found in these isolates.Conclusion There is high level quinolone resistance and wide distribution of PMQR genes in clinical isolates in Nigeria with a preponderance of Efflux-mediating determinants and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. This emphasizes the need for regular resistance surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to guide the appropriate and judicious use of antibiotics.
A rare case report: an inextricable shoulder pain as the exclusive presentation of lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis over contralateral clavicle
Authors: Wu Karl , Huang Yu-Hao
Published: January 2021

Background:Lung cancer is the fourth most common form of tumor spreading to the bone. Among all patients of the lung carcinoma, the most common sites of bone metastasis are vertebrae, ribs, and pelvis. By comparison, the clavicle is an extremely rare site of metastases in not only the population of lung cancers but among all type of tumors. Enlightened by this existing fact, we would like to share our experience of management of an uncommon clavicular metastasis and illuminate the obscure mechanism of its scarcity.Case presentation:A 56-year-old female without any preknown systemic disease had suffered from a sole intermittent right shoulder pain without any other discomfort for 3 months. Physical examination performed at our orthopedic department showed tenderness over right distal third of clavicle with limited range- of-motion of right shoulder. EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis over right clavicle resulting in a pathological fracture was diagnosed according to the result of incisional biopsy. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy accompanied with target therapy was performed.Eighteen months postoperatively, the clavicle pain was found to be subsided with stationary bony lesion under appropriate medication and palliative radiotherapy during the subsequent follow-up. Conclusions:The clavicle is an exceedingly unusual site with 2% of metastatic involvement of all type of tumors and only 1% among the population of carcinoma of lung due to its scanty red marrow and sparse vascular supply. Despite unpleasant prognosis of clavicular metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma, promising quality of life is achievable under multidisciplinary management.
The Relationship Between Genetic Variants Associated with Premature Menopause and Lipid Profile in Women Recruited from MASHAD Cohort Study
Authors: Mirinezhad Mohammad Reza , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Aghsizadeh Maliheh , Bidary Mohammad Zamiri , Naghipour Alireza , Hasanzadeh Elahe , Yaghooti-Khorasani Mahdiyeh , Dabagh Ali Ebrahimi , Moghadam Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani , Andalibi Nazanin Sheikh , Far Zeynab Naseri , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A , Hamzehloei Tayebeh , Pasdar Alireza , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid
Published: January 2021

Background and aim: Premature menopause (PM) is defined by the occurrence of the menopause before the age of 40 years. It is often associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between PM-associated genotypes cardio metabolic disorder risk factors. Methods: One hundred seventeen women with PM and one hundred eighty-three healthy women without PM were recruited in this study. DNA was extracted and analyzed using ASO-PCR or Tetra ARMS-PCR. Lipid profiles were also assessed.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with GG vs. TT genotype of the rs1046089 SNP were more likely to have high serum LDL risk (p = 0.03) compared to the control group. There was also a significant association between low serum HDL risk and rs2303369 and rs4806660 SNP genotypes in the PM group. In the PM group, the percentage of those with a high total cholesterol was lower in those with a CC genotype compared to those with a TT genotype (p = 0.03).Conclusion: Some SNPs reported to be associated with PM appear to be independently associated with dyslipidemia. These results may be helpful to identify subjects with PM who may be susceptible to CVD.
The Potential of Heart Risk Score to Detect the Existence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease According to Syntax Score at the Emergency Department
Authors: drissi Hamed Bazrafshan , Dehghani Fatemeh , Zolghadr Abdolali , Izadpanah Peyman , Razeghian-Jahromi iman , Bazrafshan Mehdi
Published: January 2021

Background: Patients presenting with chest pain (CP) at the emergency departments are challenging cases for the physicians to make valid decisions with regard to acute coronary syndrome, which needs urgent medical intervention while the majority of the admitted patients are free from serious cardiac problems. The present study was done to investigate the potential of Heart Risk Score in detecting the existence and severity of coronary artery disease in CP patients based on Syntax score.Methods: Among CP patients who were admitted at the emergency department, 100 participants were selected. Heart Risk Score was calculated for each participant on admission. Two independent cardiologists also calculated the Syntax score after angiography was done for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between Heart Risk Score and Syntax score.Results: The median age of participants was 58.42±12.42 with the majority (65%) being male. The mean Heart Risk Score of the patients was 5.76±1.56 (min=3, max=9) and the mean Syntax score was 14.82±11.42(min=0, max=44.5). Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.493 (P<0.001) between Heart Risk Score and Syntax score which was statistically significant (P<0.001). According to our findings a Heart Risk Score of more than 6 has a 52% sensitivity and a 74.7% specificity to detect extensive coronary artery involvement (Syntax score>22).Conclusion: We found that there is a positive and significant correlation between Heart Risk Score and Syntax score which underlines the importance of using Heart Risk Score in emergency departments to reduce unnecessary invasive interventions in patients presenting with chest pain.
A pivotal restructuring of modelling the control of COVID-19 during and after massive vaccination for the next few years
Authors: Cruz Jose B , Ronquillo Tirso A , Sangalang Ralph G B , Amante Albertson D , Ronquillo Divina G D , Peralta Janice F , Chua Antonette V , Jose Oliver L J A , Inojosa Raynell A
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a new mathematical feedback model to demonstrate how direct observations of the epidemiological compartments of population could be mapped to inputs, such that the social spread of the disease is asymptotically subdued. Details of the stabilization and robustness are included. This is a pivotal restructuring of modelling the control of corona virus from the current models in use world-wide which do not utilize feedback of functions of epidemiological compartments of population to construct the inputs. Although several vaccines have received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) massive vaccination would take several years to reach herd immunity in most countries. Furthermore, the period of efficacy of the vaccination may be approximately one year only resulting in an unending vaccination. Even during the vaccination, there would be an urgent need to control the spread of the virus. When herd immunity is reached and vaccination is discontinued, there would be new surges of the disease. These surges of disease are not possible in appropriately designed stable feedback models. However, extensive testing, contact tracing, and medical treatment of those found infected, must be maintained.
Norepinephrine Modulates IL-1β-induced Catabolic Response of Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Hwang Hyun Sook , Lee Mi Hyun , Go Dong Jin , Kim Hyun Ah
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe influence of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on metabolism of bone and cartilage expressing β-adrenergic receptors (AR) was suggested. Here, we investigated the relation between SNS and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-induced cartilage metabolism.MethodsHuman articular chondrocytes and articular cartilage were collected from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Chondrocyte monolayer and cartilage explant culture were stimulated with IL-1β. The activity of β-ARs was modulated by an agonist, norepinephrine (NE), and antagonists, including propranolol, atenolol, nebivolol, and nadolol.ResultsThe levels of β1-, β2-, and β3-AR in OA cartilage and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes were lower than normal cartilage and untreated cells. Treatment of chondrocytes with IL-1β and β-blockers, including propranolol, atenolol, nebivolol, and nadolol, for 6 h significantly upregulated IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-1, -3, and -13, compared to chondrocytes treated with IL-1β alone, indicating that antagonism of β-AR confers catabolic signals. On the other hand, NE antagonized IL-1β-induced catabolic response. In addition, NE significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from cartilage explant culture. In addition, β-AR activity significantly affected IL-1β-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK and ERK. These results indicate that β-AR signal is associated with cartilage metabolism.ConclusionsOur findings showed that β-ARs is a regulator of cartilage catabolism induced with IL-1β.
Intraparietal stimulation disrupts negative distractor effects in human multi-alternative decision-making
Authors: Kohl Carmen , Wong Michelle , Rushworth Matthew , Chau Bolton
Published: January 2021

There has been debate about whether addition of an irrelevant distractor option to an otherwise binary decision influences which of the two choices is taken. We show that disparate views on this question are reconciled if distractors exert two opposing but not mutually exclusive effects. Each effect predominates in a different part of decision space: 1) a positive distractor effect predicts high-value distractors improve decision-making; 2) a negative distractor effect, of the type associated with divisive normalisation models entails decreased accuracy with increased distractor values. Here, we demonstrate both distractor effects and show disruption of medial intraparietal area (MIP) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) increases positive distractor effects at the expense of negative distractor effects. Furthermore, individuals with larger MIP volumes are also less susceptible to the disruption induced by TMS. These findings also demonstrate a causal link between MIP and the impact of distractors on decision-making.
Factors Associated with Mortality in Hospitalized Older Adults with COVID-19: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sinvani Liron , Marziliano Allison , Makhnevich Alex , Liu Yan , Qiu Michael , Zhang Meng , Ardito Suzanne , Carney Maria , Diefenbach Michael , Davidson Karina , Burns Edith
Published: January 2021

Background: Age has been implicated as the main risk factor for COVID-19-related mortality. Our objective was to determine patient factors associated with mortality in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adults age 65+ (N=4,949) hospitalized with COVID-19 in the greater New York metropolitan area between 3/1/20-4/20/20. Data included patient demographics and clinical presentation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate associations. Results: Average age 77.3 (SD=8.4), 56.0% male, 20.8% African American, 15.1% Hispanic. In a multivariate analysis, male gender (OR=1.47), higher comorbidity index (OR=1.10), admission from a facility (lower baseline function; OR=1.71), early DNR (declining life-sustaining treatments, OR=2.45), and higher illness severity (higher MEWS, OR=6.26, and higher oxygen requirements, OR=15.00) were associated with mortality, while age was not (p = 0.22). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need to look beyond age in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 when considering prognosis and treatment decisions.
The G Protein-Coupled Receptor, VPAC1, is The Principle Driver for VIP Deficiency-Induced Alterations of Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Mice.
Authors: Manpreet Bains , Waschek James , Ericsson Aaron , Dorsam Glenn
Published: January 2021

Previous studies in our lab linked vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling to gut microbiota stability. Although VIP-deficient mice demonstrated a gut microbiota dysbiosis characterized by a reduction in both the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes phyla ratio and α-diversity, the mechanism for this observation was not known. To this end, we conducted a similar study analyzing fecal samples from VIP receptor-deficient mice, known as VPAC1 and VPAC2, by 16S rRNA sequencing. Samples from male and female wildtype (WT, n=30), heterozygous (HET, n=31) and homozygous mutant (KO, n=32) mice were analyzed. Our data revealed that genetic deletion of either receptor resulted in statistically significant changes in fecal β-diversity, with VPAC1 KO samples also demonstrating loss in bacterial α-diversity. Comparing 94 statistically altered OTUs from VPAC1 samples, more than 62% were similar to those found in VIP KO samples. We conclude that VIP→VPAC1 signaling is a major driving force regulating intestinal homeostasis and a stable gut microbiota.
Laboratory investigation of coupled electrical interaction of fracturing rock with gases
Authors: Enomoto Yuji , Yamabe Tsuneaki , Sugiura Shigeki , Kondo Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

In the coupled electric interaction of rock fractures and gas invasion, that is, when gases interact with newly created cracked surfaces, the unpaired electrons within the rock crystal defects are thermally stimulated, released into the crack due to the temperature rise at the crack tip via plastic work, and attached to ambient gas molecules to electrify them in a negative state. Using a working hypothesis that this mechanism is the source mechanism of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena, we conducted laboratory experiments in which rocks were fractured with pressurized N 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 , and hot water vapour. Fractures were induced by a flat-ended indenter equipped with a flow channel, which was loaded against blocks of quartz diorite, gabbro, basalt, and granite. Fracture-induced negatively electrified gas currents at ̴ 25 °C and ̴160 °C were successfully measured for approximately a hundred microseconds or more after full development of the crack. The peak electric currents were as high as 0.05–3 mA, depending on the rock species and interaction area of fractured rock and gas and to a lesser extent on the gas species and temperature. The peak current from fracturing granite, which showed higher g-ray activity, was at least 10 times higher than that from fracturing gabbro, quartz diorite, and basalt. The results supported the validity of the present working hypothesis, that coupled interaction of fracturing rock with deep Earth gases during quasi-static rupture of rocks in the focal zone of a fault might play an important role in the generation of pre- and co-seismic electromagnetic phenomena.
Exploration of the Development Direction of China Power Design Institute
Authors: Zhou Man Yi
Published: January 2021

With the high-quality development of the global economy, China’s power industry is accelerating its upgrading and transformation in accordance with the requirements of building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient manner. As the front-end industry of the power industry, related Power Design Institutes are also facing the challenge of transformation pressure. This study believes that the Power Design Institute should be market-oriented to change its concept, mainly from three aspects: transform from traditional coal-fired power generation business to new energy power generation business, and develop photovoltaic, wind power, biomass power generation and other new energy power generation businesses; The traditional design method is transformed into a digital and intelligent design method, and advanced technologies such as BIM and blockchain are fully utilized in the design process; from a simple design business to a whole-process consulting business, Transition from a simple design business to a whole-process consulting business, horizontally expand the design business to the entire process from pre-planning to post-project evaluation, and initially expand the business types to include project management, investment consulting, bidding consulting, and general contracting services, supervision business, procurement consulting, etc.
Relationship Between Satisfaction With Mental Health Services, Personal Recovery and Quality of Life Among Service Users With Psychosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Skar-Fröding Regina , Clausen Hanne Kristin , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Ruud Torleif , Slade Mike , Heiervang Kristin Sverdvik
Published: January 2021

Background: Mental health policy internationally emphasizes patient centredness and personal recovery. This study investigated the relationship between satisfaction with mental health services among service users with psychosis in Norway, and personal recovery, perceived support for personal recovery, and quality of life.Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 292 service users diagnosed with psychosis from 39 clinical sites across Norway. Satisfaction with services was assessed using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8. A linear mixed model was estimated to explore the relationship between satisfaction with services and preselected covariates, and to control for confounding factors. Results: A large majority of participants (89%) reported moderate-to-high levels of satisfaction. Satisfaction with services was positively associated with perceived support for personal recovery, but not with personal recovery or quality of life. In addition, service users under a Community Treatment Order (CTO) were significantly less satisfied than those who were not. Conclusions: Satisfaction levels among service users were higher compared with similar, international studies. Those who feel supported in their personal recovery were more satisfied with the care they receive, which support the need for implementation of recovery-oriented practices for service users with psychosis. However, satisfaction with services was not related to service user-rated quality of life or level of personal recovery; thus, more follow-up studies are needed. The lower satisfaction of service users placed under CTOs shows the importance of targeted interventions to improve satisfaction with services among this group. Trial registration: NCT03271242, date of registration: 5 sept. 2017
New 5-LOX and 15-LOX Inhibitors Isolated from Red Sea Derived Brown Alga Sarragassum Cinnerum: An In Silico-Supported Study
Authors: Alzarea Sami I. , Elmaidomy Abeer H. , Saber Hani , Musa Arafa , Al-Sanea Mohammad M. , Mostafa Ehab M. , Hendawy Omnia M. , Youssif Khayrya A. , Alanazi Abdullah S. , Alharbi Metab , Sayed Ahmed M. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: January 2021

Sargassum is a brown algal genus inhabiting tropical region. Metabolomic profiling of Sarragassum cinnerum “Sargassaceae”, dereplicated eleven compounds 1-11, further phytochemical investigation afforded two new aryl cresol 12-13, along with eight known compounds 14-21. Both new metabolites along with 19 showed moderate in vitro antiproliferative activity against HEPG2, MCF7, and CACO2. Molecular targets of the bioactive compounds using a pharmacophore-based virtual screening, predicts 5-LOX and 15-LOX as the most probable target linked to their observed antiproliferative activity. The validation step revealed 12 and 13 inhibited 5-LOX more prudentially than 15-LOX, while 19 showed a convergent inhibitory activity toward both enzymes. Further in-depth in silico analysis revealed the molecular interactions inside both enzymes active sites and explained the varying inhibitory activity for 12, and 13 toward 5-LOX and 15-LOX. Taken together, unique metabolites in S. cinnerum had potential anticancer activity supported with in-silico investigations to facility drug discovery and development processes.
Identification of weak non-canonical base pairs around riboswitch-ligand recognition sites by solid-state NMR exchange spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Sha , Wen Ziyang , Li Xinming , zou Mengbing , Yu Ge , Liu Xiangyang , Zhang Lixin , Xue Yi , Fu Riqiang , Wang Shenlin
Published: January 2021

Base pairs are fundamental building blocks of RNA structures, and their stability and open-close equilibrium constitutes the dynamic picture. Weak base pairs, which feature the characteristics of low stability and rapid base pair opening, often play a critical role in RNA functions. However, site-specific identification of weak base pairs in RNA is challenging. Here, we report a solid-state NMR (SSNMR)-based two-dimensional proton-detected water–RNA exchange spectroscopy (WaterREXSY) to address this challenge. The approach uses the chemical exchange between hydrogen-bonded imino protons within the base pair and excited water molecules to polarize the imino protons for SSNMR observation. This process takes advantages that the imino protons within weak pairs undergo fast exchange rates with water, enabling a quick build-up and efficient detection. This method is used to characterize the weak pair in the riboA71–adenine complex (i.e., the 71nt-aptamer domain of the add adenine riboswitch from Vibrio vulnificus). We identify U47•U51, a weak non-canonical base pair that constitutes the U47•U51•(adenine-U74) base tetrad around the ligand-binding pocket. This result suggests that the breakage of U47•U51 may be the early stage in the process of ligand release.