bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A current sensor fault diagnosis method based on phase angle shift technique applying to induction motor drive
Authors: Vu Quang Sy , Tran Cuong Dinh , Dinh Bach Hoang , Dong Chau Si Thien , Huynh Hung Tan , Phan Huy Xuan
Published: July 2022

An improved method using the phase angle shift characteristic of the sine wave is proposed to diagnose the fault states of the current sensors in an induction motor drive. The induction motor drive (IMD) system applied in this study uses the field-oriented control (FOC) loop with integrated two current sensors and a speed encoder to control the rotor speed. The space vectors created from the phase angle shift technique are compared to the estimated current for the fault diagnosis algorithm. Various types of current sensor failures are investigated by MATLAB/Simulink software to check the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results have proved the performance of the proposed method in enhancing the reliability and stability of the IMD system.
A modified CPS-PWM for capacitor voltage reduction of MMC based variable speed drive
Authors: Bashir Safia Babikir , Zidan Hasan Abdel Rahim A. , Memon Zulfiqar Ali
Published: July 2022

In recent years, modular multilevel converters (MMC) have become one of the most popular multilevel converter topologies. Despite its growing popularity, MMC is still less widespread in variable speed drives (VSDs) applications. The reason for this is that the voltage ripple of the MMC submodules (SM) increases during the low-speed constant torque operation. In this paper, carrier phase shift-pulse width modulation (CPS-PWM) is modified to reduce the average voltage of SM and thus accommodate more ripples without exceeding the maximum SM voltage. The proposed method does not involve the injection of circulating current components, thereby resulting in less power loss. In addition to that, the necessity for increasing the SM capacitor rating during low-speed operation is not required. Extensive simulation has been conducted under various speed commands to validate the effectiveness of this method.
Investigation of common mode voltages of single stage boost inverter for five phase induction motor drive
Authors: Babu Yaramasu Suri , Sekhar Koritala Chandra
Published: July 2022

In this manuscript, the single stage boost inverter is proposed to eliminate the common-mode voltage (CMV) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the motor drives. The proposed topology has the capability of eliminating the effects of intrinsic CMV without any additional filters, active or passive elements, and modified pulse width modulated (PWM) techniques. This topology is proposed with the rearrangement of filter components from ac side to mid place in such a way that the capacitor constantly clamped to the DC bus, and the inductor is placed at the mid-point of half-bridge module and supply to achieve the high gain. This arrangement is also eliminating the effect of switching natured common-mode voltage, which generally occurs in any conventional PWM inverter. Conventional PWM techniques can be implemented to this topology without any modification in the control strategy. The proposed topology is simulated in a MATLAB Simulink to verify the operation and CM reduction capabilities with the results of experimental prototype. In the manuscript, the proposed topology is compared with the traditional inverters and modulation schemes in terms of the CMV effect elimination to explain its effectiveness.
Optimal power flow using archimedes optimizer algorithm
Authors: Ali Mohammed Hamouda , Soliman Ahmed. M. A. , Elsayed Salah K.
Published: July 2022

This article proposes a new metaheuristic algorithm called Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) for solving optimization problems of optimal power flow (OPF) utilizing the renewable energy sources (RES) for minimizing different single-objective and multi-objective functions based on minimization of fuel cost, power losses of transmission lines, emission and voltage profile improvement. Also, mathematical formulation of (OPF) is introduced by converting the function with multiple objectives based on price and weighting parameters into a single objective function. Also, the effect of optimal RES is merged into the OPF problem. Notably, optimal RES placement yields even more effective solution. AOA was inspired by an intriguing physical law known as Archimedes' Principle. To prove the effectiveness of the AOA proposed algorithm, it compared with different recent algorithms for solving the optimal power flow problems and testing them to one standard system of the IEEE30-bus test system. The superiority of the proposed AOA algorithm is proven also by applying them on the IEEE30-bus modified system with optimal allocation of renewable energy source (RES). The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more successful and efficient than the other optimization methods in the title of resolving OPF problems.
Dynamic fuel cell model improvement based on macroscopic energy representation
Authors: Haidoury Mohamed , Rachidi Mohammed
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a new dynamic model is presented of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), using energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). This model is developed for electric automotive applications, powered by a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The PEMFC can be used as a primary source, the supercapacitors (SC) and/or batteries are the secondary sources. The model design enables the optimization of energy use and the reduction of equipment costs, by involving the fuel cell (FC) in the transient regimes. This model takes into consideration dynamic phenomena, such as double layer capacitance, charge transfer, energy losses caused by the propagation fuel and oxidant delay. The new developed model has been tested and validated using BAHIA bench of HELION/AREVA.
Design and implementation of access monitoring and control based on SCADA system
Authors: Al-Jazaeri Hasan Mohammed Jawad Jasim , Chlaihawi Amer Abdulmahdi Jabbar
Published: July 2022

The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is considered a pioneer system in the field of remote education. Three laboratories are designed for the alternating current (AC) Machine Lab, while the programmable logic controller (PLC) is used to connect the system to the Internet by designing an interface to the system through the DIAView program, where each student has his account and a specific time to implement the experiment and write the result in a report window. In this system, teacher and students can assess the system through a specific window. The teacher can access, control and monitor the performance of the students. The teacher can evaluate each student. Student can access and control the laboratories. The methods to turn on the single-phase induction motor include capacitors, auto transformer and variable frequency drive (VFD). VFD is considered an advanced system at present, to which an intelligent system has been added. Moreover, an overload protection system has been introduced, where it would shut down the Lab and show an error message. The system can work as a local area and public area when connected to the university of KUFA system Moodle server.
Simulation study of pulse width modulation schemes for three-phase impedance source inverter
Authors: Khan Mohammad Arif , Gupta Shailesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

To avoid a short circuit of the input direct current (DC). source, a 3-phase inverter cannot run two switches in the same leg at a time, and it always operates in buck mode, with the output voltage being less than the input voltage. The Impedance source inverter features a feature that allows both switches in one leg to operate at the same time, and it can operate in buck/boost mode, which means the output voltage can be greater than the input voltage depending on the shoot-through time. In the literature, there are a few pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques for Impedance source inverter control. This research includes a simulation study as well as an examination of existing PWM schemes in the literature, as well as a proposal for TESVPWM for inverters. The inverter performance has evaluated using total harmonic distortion and fundamental components, validating by simulation findings.
Improved auxiliary inductive coil connectors in DC boost converters with high voltage gain for renewable energy source applications
Authors: Bilsalam Anusak , Bizon Nicu , Thounthong Phatiphat
Published: July 2022

This study investigates an auxiliary technique for the integration of inductive coil connectors (AIIC) within a single switched DC converter with high voltage gain for renewable energy source applications. The aim is to develop and improve the rate of voltage gain for both coils by using inductive coil connectors (coupling inductance) on the input side that goes through the ratio operator of both inductive coils of the high frequency transformer by having the prototype power circuit operate at a switching frequency 80 kHz. Experimental results show that the output power is at 125 W, output voltage is at 325 V, and input voltage is at 36 V. Furthermore, the duration of change of critical waves of the duty condition was analyzed to confirm that the results were consistent with the proposed technique.
Control strategy for modified CI-based Bi-directional Γ-Z source DC-DC converter for buck-boost operation
Authors: Kumari Remala Geshma , Ezhilarasi A , Pasula Naresh
Published: July 2022

This paper introduces a novel Bi-directional coupled-inductor (CI) based Γ-Z source converter for step up-step down DC application. It is a modified version of CI based Γ-Z high gain converter. The converter originates under the family of impedance networks with two winding coupled inductor. The said converter when operated with low duty ratio makes converter to achieve high gain compared to conventional DC-DC converters. As the society is in trend with electric vehicles (EV’s) are recommending operating the converters in Bi-directional mode to have continuous power flow when those are operated with green technologies. So, the same converter is initially operated and verified as buck and boost converter in open loop mode. Nearly 38 and 4 voltage-gainin boost and buck mode was observed when realized in MATLAB environment for the designed inductor and capacitor values with 49% and 1% duty cycle respectively under open-loop configuration. In the succeeding a PID controller based closed loop control strategy has implemented for the same converter. Gain sensitivity of the converter had been verified in MATLAB Simulink environment. Results obtained from simulation and mathematical found satisfactory in open and closed loop.
Reduction of harmonics emission of a WECS in the electrical grid using multilevel inverters
Authors: Annoukoubi Maha , Essadki Ahmed , Laghridat Hammadi , Nasser Tammou
Published: July 2022

Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is composed of many non-linear power electronic sub systems, which contribute significantly in harmonic emissions that is a threat for the quality of electrical power. Hence, for a better integration of WECS in the electrical grid and in order to satisfy IEEE 519 standards, WECS must inject a quality power with a rate of total harmonics distortion (THD) that is less than 5%. Multilevel Inverters are an emerging solution for having a perfect sinusoidal output voltage with minimum harmonic content and lower switching losses than the two-level inverter so that only a smaller filter size is required. Thus, in this paper we are presenting a significantly improved results of the reduction of the grid injected current THD using three types of inverters (two-levels, three-levels NPC, and five-levels H-bridge cascade) for a WECS and comparing the THD performances of using each of the studied inverter. All results of THD are verified by a Fast Fourier transform simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. 
DEA-based on optimization of inductive coupling for powering implantable biomedical devices
Authors: Ouacha Brahim , Bouyghf Hamid , Nahid Mohammed , Abenna Said
Published: July 2022

Inductive coupling wireless power transfer (WPT) is one of the best technologies for powering implantable microelectronic devices (IMD). A wireless power transfer system’s important elements (indicators) are power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to load (PDL). The key characteristics of WPT are the size of the transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) coils, the operating frequency, and the separation distance between the two parts of the system. The main goal of this research is to use the differential evolution algorithm (DEA) to optimize a wireless energy transfer system in order to maximize the PTE and PDL. By comparing the results acquired by the proposed technique to those obtained by other methodologies, we were able to validate the results obtained by the suggested method. With the aim of raising the PTE and PDL. Using this metaheuristic approach, we were able to improve WPT’s critical parameters. For is, a PTE of 95% and 136 mW of power delivered to the load for a 13 cm separation distance.
High step-up DC-DC converter with switched capacitor-coupled inductor and voltage multiplier module
Authors: Ramamurthi Subbulakshmy , Ramasamy Palanisamy
Published: July 2022

A high step-up dc-dc converter based on a switched capacitor-coupled inductor (SC-CL) with voltage multiplier cells is proposed. It is composed of a SC-CL and a voltage multiplier module stacked on the load side. SC-CL produces the maximum output voltage with maximum voltage gain. These features make the projected converter suitable for renewable energy applications such as solar photovoltaic (PV). A low turn ratio of the coupled inductor is used for realizing the higher gain. It consists of a voltage boost unit SC-CL and a voltage multiplier module. In a DC micro-grid, PV energy is one of the utmost significant sources of power. Since the PV source voltage is very low, a very high voltage gain converter is required for a DC microgrid. Here, a step-up DC-DC converter topology with a very high voltage gain characteristic is proposed. The projected converter was simulated by MATLAB/Simulink to convert 30 V to 380 V.
Technical, economic, and social impact of photovoltaic at dormitory building
Authors: Nugraha I Made Aditya , Desnanjaya I Gusti Made Ngurah
Published: July 2022

Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Kupang is one of the educational centers located in East Nusa Tenggara. The location of the campus is in an area with the potential for solar energy throughout the year and it is very possible to utilize this energy as a source of electrical energy. As a form of energy-saving and utilizing the existing potential in accordance with existing policy directions, this electrical energy potential will be utilized for 3 dormitories with a hybrid system with State Electricity Company. The utilization of renewable energy as a source of electrical energy can produce 44,294.20 kWh/year. The results of economic analyses are encouraging to intensify the use of such PV systems since the payback period is 8.79 years, and the internal rate of return is 9%. The results of the Spearman test of the relationship between technical, social, and economic gave a significant correlation (p<0.05). This shows that the use of photovoltaic PV systems on campus has a social and economic impact. The use of this renewable energy is expected to reduce the use of fossil energy which has a negative impact on the environment and assist government policies to support the use of renewable energy.
Performance evaluation of a PMDC motor with battery storage control and MPPT based solar photovoltaic system
Authors: Mohammad Khan , Ahmad Mohmmad , Farooqui Shoeb Azam , Ali Wajid , Khan Farha
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes and demonstrates the performance of a solar photovoltaic (SPV)-fed permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor under various operating conditions. In this configuration, a 5HP PMDC is coupled to a SPV system and a boost converter has been interfaced between them to regulate the DC output voltage acquired from the SPV system. The switching pulse to the converter has been provided by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller (P&O and INC) in order to acquire maximum and desired power across the DC link with varying irradiance. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is often used in association with this configuration caused by the non-linear nature of the SPV system and to overcome the volatility of the DC connection affected by environmental effects. For this purpose, a double loop PI controller is analyzed, and examined the DC link. Additionally, the operation of bidirectional DC-DC converter in buck and boost mode during battery charging and discharging is also performed. This operation ensures maintaining a constant and continuous power across the DC link to regulate the PMDC motor consistently. A comparison of results has also been presented for both incremental and conductance (INC) and P&O controllers. The mathematical modeling of configuration has been performed in MATLAB/Simulink software. The results and key findings have been tabulated and even elaborated graphically.
Wind characteristics analysis and application of ontrol strategy for wind system based on direct power control
Authors: Khouloud Bedoud , Tahar Bahi , Hichem Merabet
Published: July 2022

This study analyses yearly and seasonal wind speed data recorded over eight years using Weibull distribution function and the direct power control application of a wind chain. The wind potential evaluation was carried out based on empirical model. Results show that, during the warm months the wind speed is uniform, constant and stable. In addition, it has been found that the use of a control strategy was necessary for extracting the optimum power. For this purpose, the second part of this work presents a direct power control (DPC) technique in order to adjust the produced active and reactive powers. The application and performance evaluation of the proposed control system implemented within the d-q reference framework has been exposed and discussed. The system modeling and the control diagram are built under MATLAB software. According to simulation results, the forward power control provides almost sinusoidal input waveform current, constant switching frequency operation, unity power factor regulation and also provides powers decoupling. As shown by simulation results, the suggested control method is efficient.
Intelligent approach on sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous generator
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Subramanian , Ganapathy Velappa , Anuradha Chandrasekar , Ilambirai Raghavan Chandran , Ganesh Viswanathan
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a standalone permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) system is designed to generate power at maximum power point (MPP). The variable speed operation of wind energy conversion system consists of PMSG, controlled rectifier and voltage source inverter co to the load. Proportional integral (PI), sliding mode (SM), and feed forward neural network (FFNN) control strategies are applied in field oriented control (FOC) at generator side converter. A comparative study on power generated at maximum power point (MPP) is done with these controllers using simulation. Hill climb search (HCS) method is applied to attain MPP. Load side inverter control strategy involves the PI and SM controllers in order to maintain the unity power factor and to control the active and reactive power for nonlinear load. The control strategies are modelled and simulated with MATLAB/Simulink. The effectiveness of proposed control method is demonstrated using simulation results.
Improved crowbar protection technique for DFIG using fuzzy logic
Authors: En-nay Zineb , Moufid Ismail , Makrini Aboubakr El , Markhi Hassane El
Published: July 2022

A doubly-fed induction generator is the most widely used as a wind turbine generator. Due to its drawbacks, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is extremely sensitive to grid disturbances, and the fragility of some components which are costly to the producer. Also, its acquisition value is very high in terms of maintenance time or component cost, causing substantial harm to both the energy production and power supplier. It is required that the DFIG components must be protected, especially power electronics devices and DC-Link capacitor. Therefore, this paper presents an improved crowbar strategy for DFIG. This method is based on the AI technique concept of utilizing a fuzzy logic controller. The main goal of this project is to improve the system performance by reducing the dangerous oscillations of electromagnetic torque, DC-link voltage, and rotor current during fault. This work consists of replacing the hysteresis control for the crowbar with fuzzy logic to realize crowbar-FLC. The proposed crowbar is based on free light chain (FLC) depending on rotor currents and DC-link voltage measurements. The control strategy is simulated in the MATLAB Simulink platform to evaluate the efficiency of the suggested technique.
Design and implementation of optimal controller for DFIG-WT using autonomous groups particle swarm optimization
Authors: Seoudy Hatem Mohamed , Saadeldin Mohamed Attya , Mohamed Wael Abdelfattah
Published: July 2022

There are many types of generators used within wind energy such as doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is simple, robust and easy to implement. In addition to the privilege of PSO, autonomous groups particle swarm optimization (AGPSO) has the advantages of using diverse autonomous groups which result in more randomized and directed search. Applying AGPSO to tune PI controller to control DFIG is proposed in this paper. An implemented laboratory prototype consists of brushless DC motor (BLDC) for simulating the various wind speeds. Wound rotor induction machine, working as DFIG. This system is a stand-alone system. System identification strategy was introduced in this work. In this study, AGPSO is suggested for tuning the PI controller. Different case studies are performed, such as step changes in both speed and electrical load for showing the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. For comparison PSO is used to tune the PI controller. Results from experiments clarify the feasibility of the proposed methodology. It is approved that AGPSO achieves the prevalent control execution (quicker transient response and more modest steady state error (ess)) contrasted with the PSO in tuning PI controller when applied to be used with off-grid systems. 
Fuzzy logic direct torque control of induction motor for photovoltaic water pumping system
Authors: Belgacem Aicha , Miloud Yahia , Mostefai Mohamed , Belgacem Fatima
Published: July 2022

This study presents a fuzzy logic direct torque control for induction motor to be used in photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system. The system is intended to be less expensive and simple while maximizing PV array power utilization. For this purpose, a smart technology based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been implemented to track the maximum power which has been successfully used in solar water pumping systems under different irradiance levels. Next, to alleviate the disadvantages of standard DTC, we chose fuzzy direct torque control (FDTC) for induction motors driving a centrifugal pump. Furthermore, this study includes the usage of IP with antiwindup and slide mode speed controller (SMC) instead of the traditional proportional-integral speed controller. Finally, the induction motor (IM) speed has been optimized with an optimum speed control in order to maximize the pump’s hydraulic parameters. The FDTC, with its SMC outperforms the photovoltaic pumping system (PVPS) in terms of dynamic performance and robustness. To develop a full simulation model of the proposed PVPS configuration under various climate conditions, MATLAB environment and associated Simulink are used.
Sub-synchronous resonance in wind energy integrated grid – problem and mitigation techniques – a review
Authors: Ramalingegowda Chethan Hiremarali , Rudramoorthy Mageshvaran
Published: July 2022

When wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are integrated with the Grid system then there are power quality issues arises. The fluctuation in the wind power delivery to the grid demands robust control for a better power quality. Therefore, voltage and frequency stability due to integration of wind to the grid is the primary concern to improve the overall grid integration capability for WECS. This paper reviews the power quality issues in the power grid due to introduction of WECS. The WECS integration with the grid introduces dynamic issues that include sub-synchronous resonance (SSR), low voltage ride through (LVRT), frequency support from wind generation, synchronization, and transients. Also, it focusses on the sub synchronous resonance introduced due to introduction of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines to the transmission lines with capacitive seriescompensation. The review of various power quality issues and methods used by the researcher’s mitigations are discussed and detailed further research perspective.
Implementation of TMS320f28335 DSP code based on SVPWM Technique for Driving VSI with Induction Motor
Authors: Hassan Enas D. , Mohammed Khalid G. , Ali Inaam I.
Published: July 2022

The ability to control the speed of three-phase induction motors is a complex and arduous task using conventional control methods because the induction motor still inherits traditional design problems such as nonlinear and multivariate reactive dynamic behavior that leads to difficult design of the motor's mathematical model, and the strict overlap between decades of mathematical parameters. This causes more complex relationships with changing loads. This complexity results in unacceptable behavior of the system, and the difficulty of controlling its speed without affecting the torque, and thus the specific calculations of engine efficiency are almost low. Therefore, the current research provides the implementation of devices for the V / F control method that is fed via Inverter of the voltage source using the new generation of digital signal processor TMS320F28335 according to the theory of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for the application of motor control. The results obtained from practical experience show the possibility of obtaining a wide range of control and thus reduce the damage to the system in the event of The load thus ensuring the reliability of The proposed control scheme is built on DSP.
Noccaea klimesii (Coluteocarpeae; Brassicaceae), a new species from Ladakh, India
Authors: AL-SHEHBAZ IHSAN A.
Published: July 2022

Noccaea Moench (1802: 89) is a large genus the vast majority of its species were originally described in Thlaspi Linnaeus (1753: 645). Meyer (1973) divided the latter genus into 12 segregates, including Noccaea, to which he placed 67 Eurasian and NW African species in four sections (Meyer: 2006). Experts on the Brassicaceae differ in the delimitation of Noccaea and some (e.g., Al-Shehbaz: 2014; Firat et al.: 2014; Güzel et al.: 2018; Özgişi et al.: 2018a, 2018b; Özüdoğru: 2018; Özüdoğru et al.: 2019; Özgişi: 2020a, 2020b) broadly delimit the genus to include most of Meyer’s dozen segregates and accept some 136 species, including the more recent novelties and nomenclatural adjustments by Bartolucii, Galasso & Peruzzi in Peruzzi et al. (2015), German (2016: 2017, 2018), Güzel et al. (2018), Özgişi et al. (2018b), and Özüdoğru et al. (2019). By contrast, a narrower generic concept for Noccaea was recognized in BrassiBase (https://brassibase.cos.uni-heidelberg.de/), Ali et al. (2016), and Karaismailoğlu & Erol (2018). As currently delimited, all except six species of Noccaea are Eurasian. Two species are endemic to the United States and one each in Algeria, Mexico, Patagonian South America, and Arctic Canada and Alaska (Al-Shehbaz: 2014).
A new species of Moelleriella from Yunnan Province in Southwestern China
Authors: WANG ZHI-QIN , WANG YAO , WANG YUAN-BING , YU HONG
Published: July 2022

We report a new species, Moelleriella puerensis, a fungal pathogen infecting scale insect nymphs, from Puer City, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Its diagnostic characteristics include pale yellow and thin pulvinate stromata, ovoid tubercles processes developing on the periphery of the stroma, a fully immersed perithecia, orange ostioles, cylindrical asci, and filiform ascospores disarticulated into short secondary spores. Teleomorph and anamorph typically existed in the same stroma, exclusively anamorphic stromata, with pale yellow conidiomata aggregated in the center of the stroma and several conidiomata per stroma fusing with neighboring conidiomata and existing paraphyses. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of combined nrLSU, rpb1, and tef-1α sequence data confirmed the validity of M. puerensis.
New combination in the genus Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae)
Authors: VLASENKO VYACHESLAV A. , TURMUNKH DEJIDMAA , VLASENKO ANASTASIA V.
Published: July 2022

We studied the type specimens of Pleurotus komarnitzkyi to clarify its taxonomic status. Unlike other species in this genus which grow on wood, P. komarnitzkyi is ecologically distinct as it grows at the base of woody stems of desert herbaceous plants. In addition, its fruiting bodies are small in size, which is not typical for the Pleurotus species. Substrate preferences and morphology of fruiting bodies of P. komarnitzkyi resemble those of Hohenbuehelia species. Based on an analysis of ITS and LSU nrDNA sequences, we propose a new combination in the genus Hohenbuehelia.
Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea
Authors: LAPOINTE ABBY , WATLING LES
Published: July 2022

Four new genera and six new species of deep-sea bamboo corals (Family: Keratoisididae) from the seamounts off the eastern and southern coast of Tasmania are described and illustrated. In situ high-definition images from remotely operated vehicles, compound microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of 29 specimens collected at depths of 729 to 3950 m were used to provide data on distinguishing morphological characters. The species described include two new species in the genus Keratoisis, two species in the newly described genus Adinisis, and one species each in the new genera Tanyostea and Dokidisis. The species Keratoisis magnifica and Lepidisis solitaria are re-assigned to the newly described genus Onkoisis due to the shape and design of the polyp arrangement and sclerites, which differ considerably from that of the type species of Keratoisis.
Convectively Generated Negative Potential Vorticity Enhancing the Jet Stream through an Inverse Energy Cascade during the Extratropical Transition of Hurricane Irma
Authors: Prince Kevin C. , Evans Clark
Published: July 2022

A tropical cyclone (TC) that recurves into the midlatitudes can lead to significant downstream flow amplification by way of a favorable interaction with the midlatitude waveguide. Current conceptualizations emphasize the role of the meso-α- to synoptic-scale diabatically enhanced vertical redistribution of potential vorticity in facilitating downstream flow amplification following the interaction of a TC with the midlatitude waveguide. Less understood, however, is the extent to which this downstream flow amplification may be facilitated by the convective-scale diabatically enhanced horizontal redistribution of potential vorticity. Consequently, this study aims to diagnose the role that deep, moist convection in an associated predecessor rain event north of the TC played in influencing the midlatitude waveguide and potentially the downstream evolution. A convection-allowing numerical simulation is performed on a predecessor rain event that precedes the interaction of North Atlantic TC Irma in September 2017 with the midlatitude waveguide. Horizontal gradients in microphysical heating result in intense convective-scale potential vorticity dipoles aligned perpendicular to the vertical wind shear vector, with the negative anomaly poleward (and thus closer to the midlatitude waveguide) of the large-scale southwesterly vertical wind shear vector. Regions of intensely negative potential vorticity persist for multiple hours after their formation as they become deformed by the large-scale strain field that is aligned parallel to the background vertical wind shear vector. The deformation-driven thinning of the negative potential vorticity is associated with a transfer of energy to the large-scale flow, suggesting a nonnegligible impact to the TC–midlatitude waveguide interaction by the collection of convective cells embedded in the predecessor rain event.
Modulation of the Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves by the MJO over different domains
Authors: M. Neena J. , Suhas E. , Jiang Xianan
Published: July 2022

In this study we have examined the modulation of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) by different Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) states over the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Ocean domains. Convectively active CCKW events associated with active MJO convection, suppressed MJO convection, and quiescent MJO states were derived using wavenumber-frequency filtered outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) indices over the three domains. Composite analysis of CCKW events during different MJO states indicate that the amplitude and phase speed of CCKW are modulated by the MJO state. CCKW amplitude is stronger (weaker), and it propagates relatively slower (faster) and more (less) eastward when the MJO amplitude is strong (weak). The phase speed of CCKW is much slower over the Indian Ocean domain, while it propagates relatively faster over the Atlantic Ocean domain. It is hypothesized that the observed difference in CCKW phase speeds is related to the Gross Moist Stability (GMS). The clear linear relationship observed between GMS and CCKW phase speeds over the different domains, during different MJO states and the observed differences in CCKW vertical structures support this hypothesis. It is found that the CCKW exhibits a baroclinic vertical structure over the Indian and Pacific Ocean domains and a barotropic vertical structure over the Atlantic Ocean. Planetary-scale convection associated with the MJO reduces the static stability allowing for baroclinic modes to prevail, which in turn reduces the GMS and the effective equivalent depth, eventually slowing down the CCKW phase propagation. The results suggest that CCKW may be treated as a mixed-moisture mode.
Observation of Bottom-Trapped Topographic Rossby Waves to the West of the Luzon Strait, South China Sea
Authors: Zheng Hua , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Chen Juntian , Wang Min , Zhao Ruixiang , Zhang Chuanzheng , Zhu Ze-Nan , Ren Qiang , Liu Yansong , Nan Feng , Yu Fei
Published: July 2022

Topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) play an important role in deep-ocean dynamics and abyssal intraseasonal variations. Observational records from 15 current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (CPIESs) and two moorings deployed in the northern Manila Trench (MT), South China Sea (SCS), for over 400 days were utilized to analyze the widely existing near-21-day bottom-trapped TRWs in the trench. The TRWs were generally generated in winter and summer, dominated by perturbations in the upper ocean. Kuroshio intrusion and its related variabilities contributed to the perturbations in winter, whereas the perturbations generated north of Luzon Island dominated in summer. Eddies north of Luzon propagated northwestward in the summer of 2018; however, these eddies caused the Kuroshio meanderings in the Luzon Strait (LS) in the summer of 2019. The variations in the Kuroshio path and the Kuroshio-related eddies induced TRWs in the deep ocean in regions with steep topography. However, the spatiotemporal distributions of TRWs were complex owing to the propagation of the waves. Some cases of TRWs showed no relation to the local upper-layer perturbations but propagated from adjacent regions. Some of these TRWs were induced by perturbations in the upper ocean in adjacent regions, and propagated anticlockwise in the MT with shallow water to their right, while others may be related to the intraseasonal variations in deep-water overflow in the LS and propagated northward. This study suggests that the Kuroshio and Kuroshio-related eddies significantly contribute to the dynamic processes associated with intraseasonal variations in the deep SCS through the generation of TRWs.

Significance Statement

Topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) are fluctuations generated when water columns travel across sloping topography under potential vorticity conservation. Based on observations of 15 current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (CPIESs) and two moorings in the northern Manila Trench (MT) in the South China Sea (SCS), TRWs with periods of approximately 21 days were observed and analyzed. This study describes the generation, propagation, and spatiotemporal distribution of TRWs west of the LS and confirms that regional Kuroshio meanderings and upper eddies play important roles in the dynamic processes associated with intraseasonal variations in the deep SCS; the study may thus contribute to knowledge on the dynamic response of the abyssal current to mesoscale perturbations in the upper ocean.
Distinguishing between Hodographs of Severe Hail and Tornadoes
Authors: Nixon Cameron J. , Allen John T.
Published: July 2022

Hodographs are valuable sources of pattern recognition in severe convective storm forecasting. Certain shapes are known to discriminate between single cell, multicell, and supercell storm organization. Various derived quantities such as storm-relative helicity (SRH) have been found to predict tornado potential and intensity. Over the years, collective research has established a conceptual model for tornadic hodographs (large and “looping,” with high SRH). However, considerably less attention has been given to constructing a similar conceptual model for hodographs of severe hail. This study explores how hodograph shape may differentiate between the environments of severe hail and tornadoes. While supercells are routinely assumed to carry the potential to produce all hazards, this is not always the case, and we explore why. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) storm mode dataset is used to assess the environments of 8958 tornadoes and 7256 severe hail reports, produced by right- and left-moving supercells. Composite hodographs and indices to quantify wind shear are assessed for each hazard, and clear differences are found between the kinematic environments of hail-producing and tornadic supercells. The sensitivity of the hodograph to common thermodynamic variables was also examined, with buoyancy and moisture found to influence the shape associated with the hazards. The results suggest that differentiating between tornadic and hail-producing storms may be possible using properties of the hodograph alone. While anticipating hail size does not appear possible using only the hodograph, anticipating tornado intensity appears readily so. When coupled with buoyancy profiles, the hodograph may assist in differentiating between both hail size and tornado intensity.
The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the epigenome-A short overview
Authors: Buha Aleksandra , Manic Luka , Maric Djurdjica , Tinkov Alexey , Skolny Anatoly , Antonijevic Biljana , Hayes A. Wallace
Published: July 2022

To understand the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), the mechanism(s) by which EDCs exert their harmful effects on humans and their offspring needs careful examination and clarification. Epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation, expression of aberrant microRNA (miRNA), and histone modification, is one mechanism assumed to be a primary pathway leading to the untoward effects of endocrine disruptors. However, it remains unclear whether such epigenetic changes caused by EDCs are truly predicting adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between epigenetic changes and various endocrine endpoints or markers. This paper highlights the possibility that certain chemicals (Cd, As, Pb, bisphenol A, phthalate, polychlorinated biphenyls) reported having ED properties may adversely affect the epigenome. Electronic database sources PubMed, SCOPUS, JSTOR, and the Google Scholar web browser were used to search the literature. The search was based on keywords from existing theories and basic knowledge of endocrine disorders and epigenetic effects, well-known EDCs, and previous search results. Unclear and often conflicting results regarding the effects of EDCs indicate the need for further research to support better risk assessments and management of these chemicals.
Multiview clustering of multi-omics data integration by using a penalty model
Authors: AL-kuhali Hamas A. , Shan Ma , Hael Mohanned Abduljabbar , Al-Hada Eman A. , Al-Murisi Shamsan A. , Al-kuhali Ahmed A. , Aldaifl Ammar A. Q. , Amin Mohammed Elmustafa
Published: July 2022

Background

Methods for the multiview clustering and integration of multi-omics data have been developed recently to solve problems caused by data noise or limited sample size and to integrate multi-omics data with consistent (common) and differential cluster patterns. However, the integration of such data still suffers from limited performance and low accuracy.

Results

In this study, a computational framework for the multiview clustering method based on the penalty model is presented to overcome the challenges of low accuracy and limited performance in the case of integrating multi-omics data with consistent (common) and differential cluster patterns. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on synthetic data and four real multi-omics data and then compared with approaches presented in the literature under different scenarios. Result implies that our method exhibits competitive performance compared with recently developed techniques when the underlying clusters are consistent with synthetic data. In the case of the differential clusters, the proposed method also presents an enhanced performance. In addition, with regards to real omics data, the developed method exhibits better performance, demonstrating its ability to provide more detailed information within each data type and working better to integrate multi-omics data with consistent (common) and differential cluster patterns. This study shows that the proposed method offers more significant differences in survival times across all types of cancer.

Conclusions

A new multiview clustering method is proposed in this study based on synthetic and real data. This method performs better than other techniques previously presented in the literature in terms of integrating multi-omics data with consistent and differential cluster patterns and determining the significance of difference in survival times.
Effect of the FA2H Gene on cashmere fineness of Jiangnan cashmere goats based on transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Wu Cuiling , Li Jianying , Xu Xinming , Xu Qi , Qin Chongkai , Liu Guifen , Wei Chen , Zhang Guoping , Tian Kechuan , Fu Xuefeng
Published: July 2022

Background

Cashmere goats are a heterogeneous hairy mammal. The fineness of cashmere can affect its economic value. Therefore, in this study, we used transcriptome sequencing techniques to analyze the gene expression profiles of the skin tissues of cashmere goats with different cashmere fineness. The selected candidate genes were functionally verified with the secondary hair follicle hair papillary cells of cashmere goats.

Results

We identified 479 DEGs, of which 238 mRNAs were up-regulated in the fine velvet group and 241 mRNA were down-regulated. Based on functional annotation and protein interaction network analysis, we found some genes that may affect the fineness of cashmere, including SOX18, SOX4, WNT5A, IGFBP4, KAP8, KRT36, and FA2H. Using qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8 cell viability detection, EDU cell proliferation detection, and flow cytometry, we found that overexpression of the FA2H gene could promote the proliferation of secondary hair follicle DPCs in cashmere goats. At the same time, we proved that FA2H could regulate the expression levels of the FGF5 and BMP2 genes in DPCs.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide a useful reference for the genetics and breeding of Jiangnan cashmere goats and goat genome annotation, and provide an experimental basis for improving cashmere quality of the cashmere goat.
Genetic basis of maturity time is independent from that of flowering time and contributes to ecotype differentiation in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Authors: Takeshima Ryoma , Yabe Shiori , Matsui Katsuhiro
Published: July 2022

Background

Common buckwheat is considered a quantitative short-day plant and is classified into the autumn (highly photoperiod sensitive), summer (weakly photoperiod sensitive), and intermediate ecotype. Understanding ecotype differentiation is essential for adaptive expansion and maximizing yield. The genetic analysis for ecotype has focused on photoperiod-dependent flowering time, whereas post-flowering traits such as seed set and maturity time might also regulate ecotype differentiation.

Results

A field experiment revealed that ecotype differentiation is mainly defined by the timing of seed set and maturation, whereas flowering time is less relevant. Thus, we focused on maturity time as a trait that defines the ecotype. To detect QTLs for maturity time, we developed two F2 populations derived from early × late-maturing accessions and intermediate × late-maturing accessions. Using genotyping by random amplicon sequencing–direct analysis, we generated a high-density linkage map. QTL analysis detected two major QTLs for maturity time, one in each F2 population. We also detected QTLs for flowering time at loci different from maturity time QTLs, which suggests that different genetic mechanisms regulate flowering and maturity. Association analysis showed that both QTLs for maturity time were significantly associated with variations in the trait across years.

Conclusions

Maturity time appeared to be more suitable for explaining ecotype differentiation than flowering time, and different genetic mechanisms would regulate the timing of flowering and maturation. The QTLs and QTL-linked markers for maturity time detected here may be useful to extend the cultivation area and to fine-tune the growth period to maximize yield in buckwheat.
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica brain abscess in a patient on low dose steroids: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gabay Segev , Yakubovsky Michal , Ben-Ami Ronen , Grossman Rachel
Published: July 2022

Background

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was first described in 2001. It is an emerging pathogen that mainly affects immunocompromised patients. A brain abscess caused by N. cyriacigeorgica has been reported only in immunocompromised hosts. We present a rare case of brain abscess caused by N. cyriacigeorgica in an adult male receiving low dose steroids.

Case presentation

A 75-year-old male weekend gardener without an immunocompromising condition presented with neurological complaints that were initially attributed to an ischemic stroke. Due to the unusual presentation and rapid progression, his condition was thought to be caused by a cerebral space-occupying lesion. He underwent an emergent right-sided parietal craniotomy and the histopathological report of the specimen was an abscess caused by N. cyriacigeorgica. The patient received appropriate antibiotic treatment and completely recovered without sequelae.

Conclusions

Nocardia species are a rare cause of brain abscess in immunocompetent patients. Their clinical presentation can mimic other more common cerebral diseases, such as brain tumors (primary and secondary) and stroke. The possibility of an abscess caused by N. cyriacigeorgica should also be considered in the differential diagnosis in an immunocompetent patient.