DISTANCE LEARNING: ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS, FORMATS, PLATFORMS, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Authors:   State research institute of aviation, Kyiv, Artyushin L. M. 
Published: December 2023

Formulation of the problem in general. The article analyzes the peculiarities of integrating distance learning into the educational process of higher military educational institutions and military educational units of higher education institutions under martial law in Ukraine. In modern conditions, higher education necessitates the use of distance learning, which allows for the acquisition of knowledge without interrupting professional duties. The purpose of this article is to analyze the concepts of “distance education”, “distance learning”, “blended learnin”, to conduct a comparative analysis of synchronous and asynchronous formats in the context of blended learning, to consider popular distance learning platforms (systems), and to identify the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning. In writing the article, a multidimensional approach was used to collect, analyze and summarize information on the integration of distance learning into military education. The following research methods were used: comparative analysis; technological assessment; survey. The combination of these research methods allowed us to get a holistic view of the subject, challenges and opportunities offered by the introduction of distance learning in military education. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Despite the numerous scientific works devoted to this issue, the practical application of innovative forms and methods of teaching in the field of military education is somewhat limited. Further research and exploration is needed to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, thus advancing military education in the digital age and at the same time responding to the unique challenges and requirements of this specialized field. Therefore, researching and identifying the features related to the integration of distance learning into the educational process of higher military educational institutions and military educational units of higher education institutions is an important scientific task. Presenting the main material. The article analyzes the concepts of “distance education”, “distance learning” and “blended learning”. It is found that distance education is a purposeful pedagogical exchange between participants of the educational process, which organically combines traditional and distance learning forms. This combination can take place within a physical classroom or go beyond it, using synchronous and asynchronous formats supported by a wide range of information and communication technologies. Elements of scientific novelty. A comparative analysis of synchronous and asynchronous formats in the context of blended learning is carried out, and the distinctive features of each of them are highlighted. Synchronous learning provides quick feedback between teachers and students, promotes joint group activities, develops communication skills, and triggers intrinsic motivation through interactive discourse. Conversely, the asynchronous format provides for schedule flexibility, which allows students to determine their own pace of learning, ensures the availability of educational resources at a convenient time, and develops self-organization skills. It has been found that distance learning is a purposeful pedagogical exchange between participants in the educational process that combines traditional and distance learning. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning are identified. Advantages: individual pace of learning; the ability to choose areas of development; the ability to revise the educational material; mitigation of mental and physical stress and development of autodidactic competencies. Disadvantages: limited direct social interaction; increased technological impact on everyday life and limited practical hours devoted to skill acquisition. Practical significance of the article. At the National Defense University of Ukraine, popular distance learning platforms and systems such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Classroom, and Google Meet have become indispensable tools for providing educational services. In addition, this study emphasizes the key role that modern digital technologies play in shaping the training of military professionals. These technologies are a fundamental prerequisite for success in education, constantly evolving and defining the contours of pedagogical paradigms, especially in the field of distance learning. Conclusion and the perspectives of future researches. Information and Communication Technologies are an aid to learning, but they cannot replace live communication. A promising area for further research is the study of technologies for organizing distance and blended learning in higher education institutions.