bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced fatigue and leakage of ferroelectric TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN capacitors by thin alumina interlayers at the top or bottom interface
Authors: Hsain H Alex , Lee Younghwan , Lancaster Suzanne , Lomenzo Patrick D , Xu Bohan , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe , Parsons Gregory N , Jones Jacob L
Published: December 2022

Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films are promising candidates for non-volatile memory and other related applications due to their demonstrated ferroelectricity at the nanoscale and compatibility with Si processing. However, one reason that HZO has not been fully scaled into industrial applications is due to its deleterious wake-up and fatigue behavior which leads to an inconsistent remanent polarization during cycling. In this study, we explore an interfacial engineering strategy in which we insert 1 nm Al2O3 interlayers at either the top or bottom HZO/TiN interface of sequentially deposited metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors. By inserting an interfacial layer while limiting exposure to the ambient environment, we successfully introduce a protective passivating layer of Al2O3 that provides excess oxygen to mitigate vacancy formation at the interface. We report that TiN/HZO/TiN capacitors with a 1 nm Al2O3 at the top interface demonstrate a higher remanent polarization (2Pr ∼ 42 μC cm−2) and endurance limit beyond 108 cycles at a cycling field amplitude of 3.5 MV cm−1. We use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction to elucidate the origin of enhanced endurance and leakage properties in capacitors with an inserted 1 nm Al2O3 layer. We demonstrate that the use of Al2O3 as a passivating dielectric, coupled with sequential ALD fabrication, is an effective means of interfacial engineering and enhances the performance of ferroelectric HZO devices.
Numerical study of temperature and pressure effect on one dimensional random photonic crystal used as biosensors in the detection of breast cancer cells
Authors: R Lakshmi Thara , P Aruna Priya , Nayak Chittaranjan
Published: December 2022

For the past few decades, investigations of cancer cells were made using periodic/defective-periodic photonic structures. Utilizing the unique properties of a disordered photonic crystal for detecting the bio-analytes is still missing. This work incorporates the opto-biological properties of one-dimensional random photonic systems to design the two differently randomized biosensors for sensing breast cancer cells. These random sensors are differentiated from one another based on their random arrangements and random thicknesses. To obtain efficient outcomes, the thickness of the dielectric layers and sensing layer is optimized. Through the transfer matrix method, the sensing characteristics of the biosensors are investigated for different pressures (0–6 GPa) and temperatures (−125 °C to 25 °C). At the optimal range, the proposed Biosensors I and II, show a high sensitivity of 1372.549 nm/RIU. Among both sensors, Random Biosensor I exhibits a high-quality factor of 12925, a maximum FOM of 4575.163 RIU−1, and a very low detection limit in the order of 5.82857E-06 RIU. The designed sensor is capable of sensing very minuscule changes in the bio-analytes effectually. The proposed biosensor shows high sensitivity than the previous literature even in the normal incident of light.
Kinetic field theory: perturbation theory beyond first order
Authors: Pixius C. , Celik S. , Bartelmann M.
Published: December 2022

We present recent improvements in the perturbative treatment of particle interactions in Kinetic Field Theory (KFT) for inertial Zel'dovich trajectories.
KFT has been developed for the systematic analytical calculation of non-linear cosmic structure formation on the basis of microscopic phase-space dynamics.
We improve upon the existing treatment of the interaction operator by deriving a more rigorous treatment of phase-space trajectories of particles in an expanding universe.
We then show how these results can be applied to KFT perturbation theory by calculating corrections to the late-time dark matter power spectrum at second order in the interaction operator.
We find that the modified treatment of interactions w.r.t. inertial Zel'dovich trajectories improves the agreement of KFT with simulation results on intermediate scales compared to earlier results.
Additionally, we illustrate that including particle interactions up to second order leads to a systematic improvement of the non-linear power spectrum compared to the first-order result.
Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Planets L 98–59 c and d: No Evidence for a Clear Hydrogen Dominated Primary Atmosphere
Authors: Zhou Li , Ma Bo , Wang Yong-Hao , Zhu Yi-Nan
Published: December 2022

The nearby bright M-dwarf star L 98–59 has three terrestrial-sized planets. One challenge remaining in characterizing atmospheres around such planets is that it is not known a priori whether they possess any atmospheres. Here we report on study of the atmospheres of L 98–59 c and L 98–59 d using near-infrared spectral data from the G141 grism of Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3. We can reject the hypothesis of a clear atmosphere dominated by hydrogen and helium at a confidence level of ∼3σ for both planets. Thus they could have a primary hydrogen-dominated atmosphere with an opaque cloud layer, or could have lost their primary hydrogen-dominated atmosphere and re-established a secondary thin atmosphere, or have no atmosphere at all. We cannot distinguish between these scenarios for the two planets using the current HST data. Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope would be capable of confirming the existence of atmospheres around L 98–59 c and d and determining their compositions.
Insulation Test of the Nitrogen Blanket Transformer under Sudden Temperature Drop
Authors: Li Jiansheng , Yang Xiaoping , Wu Yiming , Wang Shengquan
Published: December 2022

During the transformer operation, it is a common condition that the oil temperature decreases due to sudden rainstorms. Because the nitrogen layer is set to contact the transformer oil in the nitrogen blanket transformer directly, the influence of nitrogen dissolution and precipitation on the insulation characteristics is very important. In this paper, the effect of nitrogen is analyzed. First, the electrical field under the nitrogen bubble effect is simulated. Second, the sudden temperature drop situation is developed based on the reformed transformer. Last, the insulation changes are analyzed by partial discharge data. According to the analysis, the sudden temperature drop won’t influence the transformer operation.
Research on a Wireless Temperature Measuring Device Using Inductive Power
Authors: Kou Zheng , Liu TaoWei , Liu XinRong , Yang Yue
Published: December 2022

With the advancement of urban construction, more and more distribution network lines are changed from overhead lines to cable lines. Currently, the distribution network cable connection generally adopts the European or American cable elbow. If the temperature changes inside the cable elbow can be monitored in time, it will help to find the hidden fault of the cable elbow in time and improve the safe operation level of the power grid. In this paper, the online temperature measurement device of distribution network cable is discussed and researched, and a contact-type inductive wireless temperature measurement sensor suitable for the elbow joint of distribution network cable is designed. The sensor not only can accurately measure temperature, but also has the characteristics of a convenient communication network, safe and reliable information, and strong insulation ability, which is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.
Research on dynamic energy optimization strategy of park smart energy system with complementary multi-energy
Authors: Yu Changle , Yang Lin , Qi Penglong , Wan Jia , Zhu Yuanda , Zhang Qingqing
Published: December 2022

The only way to develop a smart grid is to build a smart energy system in the park with coordinated optimization of source, network and load, and flexible interaction. In order to achieve the best operation of the multi-energy complementation of cooling, heating, and electricity in the smart energy system of the park when the output of renewable energy is uncertain, the Latin hyper square sampling method and the synchronous back generation method are used to analyze and model the uncertainty of renewable energy in the system. A model for the optimal operation of the integrated energy system for cooling, heating, and electricity is established. This model considers various demand response measures of controllable load and electric energy storage and considers how source, load, and storage can work together to reduce energy consumption. After conducting a multi-scenario simulation study, it is determined that this approach may significantly boost the park’s operational dependability and economic performance.
A parallel simulation analysis of energy storage converters based on nonlinear inductance modeling
Authors: Wang Jumin , Jia Yanbing , Chen Haijun , Zhu Jianguo , Chen Junxian
Published: December 2022

In order to describe the working conditions of the inverter inductance in actual work more accurately, this paper proposes a simulation model of parallel connection of energy storage converters based on nonlinear inductance modeling. Firstly, the mathematical model of nonlinear inductance based on tan−1 function fitting is introduced, and the equivalent fixed-value inductance model of nonlinear inductance is obtained. Then the suppression method of “PI+R” low-frequency zero sequence circulation is proposed. The simulation results show that the method can suppress low-frequency zero sequence circulation. Finally, the model is established by PLECS, and the method proposed in this paper is verified.
Real-time Scheduling of Virtual Power System Based on the Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Li Bo , Wu Feng , Liu Junjun , Qin Ningli , Zhang Xuedong
Published: December 2022

With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy, the grid operation gradually presents a new feature of high-order uncertainty, which poses a severe challenge to the security and stability of the system operation. At present, the intelligent degree of dispatching instruction operation is low, and the human-computer interaction is still in the stage of manual operation. In this paper, a virtual power system for real-time power grid scheduling is proposed. Firstly, a grid model is established based on graph theory. Secondly, a GES agent is designed for power grid scheduling decisions. The implementation effect of the strategy is verified by simulation, and the scheduling strategy is sent to the new energy station. The analysis results show that compared with the traditional manual scheduling method, the proposed man-machine scheduling scheme can effectively improve the execution time and accuracy of scheduling, effectively reduce the risk of overload in the power grid, and provide a solution for the man-machine interaction system in the environment of power scheduling.
Modal Analysis of Main Structure of Substation Post-switchgear
Authors: Liu Huibin , Liu Qian , Gao Chunhui , Li Peng , Cheng Yongfeng , Liu Bin , Zhang Xinwei , Li Danyu , Liu Sikai , Huang Huaizhong
Published: December 2022

The main structure of the substation post-equipment is a typical wind-sensitive structure, which is high and flexible. In order to ensure the safety and stability of the structure, it is necessary to conduct a modal analysis of the main structure of the substation post equipment, which in turn provides a basis for the analysis of wind vibration characteristics of the structural system. This paper analyzes the self-oscillation frequency and vibration pattern of the main structure of a substation in Inner Mongolia based on ABAQUS, compares them with the measured wind response modal results to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation results and finds that the low-order natural frequency of the main structure of the substation pillar-type equipment is between 0-2 Hz, and the frequency in the opening state is lower than the state of closing soon.
Vulnerability Detection System for Power Information Based on Network Traffic Identification Technology
Authors: Luo Fucai , Xie Jingyi , Guo Jingdong , Liu Wenliang , He Jindong , Zhang Hang
Published: December 2022

A power information vulnerability detection system has the problem of a low network survival rate. Therefore, a power information vulnerability detection system based on network traffic identification technology is designed. In the hardware part, the memory is configured as a synchronous interface and 4 DRAMs, and the level input and output power of the chip are kept in a state compatible with LVTTL levels; in the software part, the power information network indicators are obtained, the importance of network elements is reflected through a mesoscope, the failure characteristics of components are extracted using network traffic identification technology, a critical area is delineated, and the port protocols and association libraries of the passages are matched to optimize the system vulnerability detection function. Through analysis of the simulation results, it can be obtained that the network survival rate of the power information vulnerability detection system in this paper is 17.657% and 17.931% higher than that obtained by the other two power information vulnerability detection systems, respectively, indicating that the designed power information vulnerability detection system is more effective when fully integrated with network traffic identification techniques.
Simulation analysis of VSC reactive power compensation device
Authors: Wang Xuejie , Ye Peng , Zhao Yi , Sun Guangyan , Qi Lei , Zhang Huiming , Wu Siyi , Jiang Longyuan
Published: December 2022

Reactive power compensators based on three-phase voltage source converters continuously absorb and output adjustable reactive power. The mathematical model of the three-phase voltage source converter in a direct quadrature (DQ)-frame is analyzed. A decoupling method of the DC-side voltage and reactive power is designed through the state feedback linearization controlling strategy in non-linear differential geometry theory, and the PI controller parameters are set. Finally, the control method is verified effectiveness by Electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that the developed control method possesses better steady-state and dynamic behavior. The power factor of the compensation point is improved significantly.
Harmonic characteristics of HVDC transmission system and its suppression method system
Authors: Yunfeng Zheng , Xiaobin Li , Haoyu Huang
Published: December 2022

In this paper, firstly, the generation of characteristic harmonics and non-characteristic harmonics, the content of each harmonic and its amplitude varying with the frequency of HVDC converter are analyzed theoretically, then, the harm of harmonics to HVDC transmission lines is introduced, and some restraining measures are put forward, such as increasing converter pulsation number, installing and improving AC filter to suppress the generation of specific frequency harmonics and reduce their amplitude, so as to increase the stability of the system. Secondly, through simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC, it is verified that 6K±1 harmonics (where K is odd) can be eliminated by increasing the converter from 6 to 12 pulsations, so as to reduce the harmonic content of transmission lines. Finally, a simulation model is built to verify that the harmonic amplitude of 12K±1 (K is a positive integer) is greatly reduced when the hybrid tuning filter is installed at 12 pulsations.
Seismic Isolation and Reinforcement of Main Transformer in Substation
Authors: Lu Zhicheng , Gao Po , Wang Jianxun , Sun Yuhan
Published: December 2022

Due to the inadequate seismic capacity of the equipment in the substation, once the earthquake happens, the equipment takes the lead to collapse extremely. The interruption of power supply in the earthquake zone has caused great difficulties in the subsequent rescue efforts. Learning from the experience of seismic isolation in the construction industry and the features of the power equipment, this paper puts forward the seismic isolation and reinforcement method for the main transformer equipment in the built-up substation. Through the isolation design and analysis for the main transformer equipment in a particular project, the result shows that the isolation coefficient is about 0.4. In other words, the seismic energy transmitted to the main transformer equipment will be reduced by about 60% after adopting the seismic isolation and reinforcement methods, and the overall seismic capacity of the equipment will be significantly improved. After determining the isolation design scheme, the construction process of the overall isolation strengthening transformation is put forward. Combined with the specific engineering project, the isolation-strengthening transformation of the overall project is completed according to the corresponding construction process, the power is delivered successfully and the operation is carried out safely.
An Improved Under-Voltage Load-Shedding Control Scheme for Power Network Based on Mean Spectral Radius Method
Authors: Qi Xiaoguang , Zhang Qianmao , Zhao Kailin , Li Huiling , Li Lixin , Chen Changsheng
Published: December 2022

Under-voltage load-shedding (UVLS), which executes load shedding round by round, is one of the most effective ways to solve the under-voltage problem. However, the traditional UVLS has the problems of large load shedding and slow voltage recovery. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes an improved UVLS based on the mean spectral radius method (MSR). Firstly, the MSR of the power network is constructed by building a high-dimensional random matrix. Secondly, the voltage vulnerability of the power system is identified by building the voltage weak evaluation index based on MSR. And then, an improved UVLS control scheme is proposed based on the voltage vulnerability. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed UVLS is validated in the IEEE 10-generator 39-node power system. The proposed UVLS has the advantages of less load shedding, better economy, and fast voltage recovery.
Research on Sliding Mode Observer of MMC Capacitor Voltage
Authors: Wu Shidan , Sheng Yifa
Published: December 2022

In the practical application of modular multilevel converters (MMC), with the improvement of voltage level and power, more submodules (SMs) need to be cascaded in order to obtain more levels with different amplitudes to approximate the sinusoidal output voltage. The acquisition of submodule capacitor voltage is the premise of MMC capacitor voltage control, which makes the MMC system need many sensors to monitor sub-module capacitor voltage. In order to reduce the number of sensors and weaken the system jitter, this paper collects the current signal of the MMC bridge arm combined with the switching signal of the submodule and uses the saturation function set as the switching function of the sliding mode observer (SMO) to estimate the capacitor voltage. The simulation results show that the sliding mode observer has good robustness and accuracy.
Towards Inspection and Cleaning on Capacitor Towers: Design and Implementation of Multi-task Operation Robot
Authors: Tang Xin , Liao Jianbin , Liu Liangyu , Yan Yu , Xiao Yi , Wang Lide
Published: December 2022

Capacitors work in harsh environments, including strong electric fields, strong mechanical stress, and drastic weather changes for a long time. Solid, liquid, and gaseous dirt particles will be deposited on the surface of the electrical outer insulations, the electrical strength of the capacitor will be greatly reduced, and the health condition of the capacitor tower will deteriorate under the effect of harsh weather conditions, such as fog, dew, drizzle, and melting ice (snow). Based on the importance of the safe operation of substations, it is necessary to regularly evaluate the health condition of capacitors and complete operational tasks such as insulator cleaning, bolt tightening, and capacitance measurement. Considering the above situation and needs, we propose a solution of inspection and maintenance robot for capacitor towers in high-voltage substations by using automatic and intelligent technology to complete the above-mentioned tasks efficiently and reliably instead of manual work.
Design of intelligent operation inspection platform based on the multi-agent system for live line measurement of substation
Authors: Xuefeng Ning , Yao Guo
Published: December 2022

At present, substations are developing vigorously in an intelligent direction. In this paper, an intelligent operation inspection platform based on a multi-agent system is designed. The platform’s design includes the design of its physical architecture and its operation architecture. The physical architecture of the platform includes a substation main control server, fixed live line measurement device, intelligent operation inspection software, intelligent data centralization device, intelligent interface conversion device, wireless communication channel, etc. In terms of platform operation architecture, an operation framework based on a multi-agent system is designed, including the “environment” layer, data sensing layer, data processing layer, and analysis and decision layer, and the whole platform is built based on the concept of edge computing. To solve the task allocation problem of edge computing, a Markov decision model is designed to minimize time consumption and maximize resource utilization, and the deep Q network (DQN) algorithm is used to solve the problem. The design aims at being effective, practical, safe, compatible, easy to upgrade, and extensible, and builds an intelligent operation inspection platform for live line measurement of substation equipment based on a multi-agent system, to improve the intelligent automation level of substation operation inspection.
Research on Harmonic Detection Algorithm Based on apFFT
Authors: Li Rong , Liu Ting , Liu XiGao
Published: December 2022

With the improvement of train speed of high-speed railway, the traction power and traction current are increasing. In order to evaluate the influence of traction current harmonic and inter-harmonic on train signal system, accurate detection of harmonic and inter-harmonic is urgently needed. This paper proposed an algorithm based on the all-phase fast Fourier transform method (apFFT) to realize accurate detection of harmonic and inter-harmonic. Firstly, the harmonic and inter-harmonic steady-state model are constructed, and the continuous and discrete time characteristics of the signal are analysed. Secondly, on the basis of theoretical analysis, the apFFT method has the characteristics of high amplitude accuracy and phase invariance by comparing with the traditional FFT method. Finally, the detection results of harmonic signal and inter-harmonic signal show that the apFFT method is significantly improved in frequency accuracy, amplitude accuracy and phase accuracy comparing with other FFT algorithms.
Assessment of gravity field recovery from a quantum satellite mission with atomic clocks and cold atom gradiometers
Authors: Rossi L , Reguzzoni M , Koç Ö , Rosi G , Migliaccio F
Published: December 2022

The aim of the MOCAST+ (MOnitoring mass variations by Cold Atom Sensors and Time measures) project, which was carried out during the years 2020–2022, was the investigation of the performance of a gravity field mission based on the integration of atomic clocks and cold atom interferometers. The idea was that the combined observations of the two sensors would be beneficial for the detection and monitoring of geophysical phenomena which have an impact on the time-variable part of the Earth gravity field models. Several different mission scenarios were simulated, considering different satellite configurations such as a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-class formation and a Bender-class formation with either two or three in-line satellites along each orbit. Moreover, different atomic species (rubidium and strontium), different inter-satellite distances, different noise power spectral densities, and different observation rates were taken into account. For the gravity field estimation from the simulated data, the space-wise approach was exploited. The results showed that, as it could be expected, the Bender configuration provides significantly better monthly gravity field solutions, as compared to a ‘nominal’ configuration with two or three satellites in a GRACE-class formation. In this way, and pushing the quantum sensors technology to its limits, it is in fact possible to obtain results which are comparable with those from GRACE at low harmonic degrees, and are better at higher degrees with positive effects in the detectability of localized time variable phenomena, as well as in the determination of the static gravity field at a higher maximum spherical harmonic degree than the one achieved by Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (of course considering an equivalent mission life-time).
The effect of flow on radiolysis in liquid phase-TEM flow cells
Authors: Merkens Stefan , De Salvo Giuseppe , Chuvilin Andrey
Published: December 2022

Applying a continuous flow to rinse radiolytic species from the irradiated volume is a widely proposed strategy to reduce beam-related artefacts in Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy (LP-TEM). However, this has not been verified either experimentally or theoretically to date. Here we explore an extended numerical model implementing radiolytic chemistry, diffusion and liquid convection to study the peculiarities of beam-induced chemistry in the presence of a flowing liquid within a heterogenously irradiated nanoconfined channel corresponding to a LP-TEM flow cell. Intruigingly, the concentration of some principal chemical species, predominantly hydrogen radicals and hydrated electrons, is found to grow significantly rather than to decrease in respect to zero-flow when moderate flow conditions are applied. This counterintuitive behaviour is discussed in terms of reactants’ lifetimes, spatial separation of the reaction network and self-scavenging by secondary radiolytic species. In the presence of a flow the consumption of highly reactive species is suppressed due to removal of the self-scavengers, and as a result their concentration in the irradiated area increases. A proof of concept for the supply of scavengers by the flow is demonstrated. Unravelling the effect of flow on radiolysis spawns direct implications for LP-TEM flow experiments providing yet one more control parameter for adjusting the chemistry in the irradiated/imaging area, in particular for mitigation strategies by continuous supply of scavengers.
Equivalence of Collet–Eckmann conditions for slowly recurrent rational maps
Authors: Bylund Mats
Published: December 2022

In this short note we observe that within the family of slowly recurrent rational maps on the Riemann sphere, the Collet–Eckmann, second Collet–Eckmann, and topological Collet–Eckmann conditions are equivalent and also invariant under topological conjugacy.
A transposable element into the human long noncoding RNA CARMEN is a switch for cardiac precursor cell specification
Authors: Plaisance Isabelle , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Sun Yuliangzi , Nemir Mohamed , Aghagolzadeh Parisa , Aminfar Farhang , Shen Sophie , Shim Woo Jun , Rochais Francesca , Johnson Rory , Palpant Nathan , Pedrazzini Thierry
Published: December 2022

Aims

The major cardiac cell types composing the adult heart arise from common multipotent precursor cells. Cardiac lineage decisions are guided by extrinsic and cell-autonomous factors, including recently discovered long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The human lncRNA CARMEN, which is known to dictate specification toward the cardiomyocyte (CM) and the smooth muscle cell (SMC) fates, generates a diversity of alternatively spliced isoforms.

Methods and results

The CARMEN locus can be manipulated to direct human primary cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) into specific cardiovascular fates. Investigating CARMEN isoform usage in differentiating CPCs represents therefore a unique opportunity to uncover isoform-specific functions in lncRNAs. Here, we identify one CARMEN isoform, CARMEN-201, to be crucial for SMC commitment. CARMEN-201 activity is encoded within an alternatively spliced exon containing a MIRc short interspersed nuclear element. This element binds the transcriptional repressor REST (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor), targets it to cardiogenic loci, including ISL1, IRX1, IRX5, and SFRP1, and thereby blocks the CM gene program. In turn, genes regulating SMC differentiation are induced.

Conclusions

These data show how a critical physiological switch is wired by alternative splicing and functional transposable elements in a long noncoding RNA. They further demonstrated the crucial importance of the lncRNA isoform CARMEN-201 in SMC specification during heart development.
Artificial intelligence–augmented electrocardiography for left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients undergoing high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T
Authors: De Michieli Laura , Knott Jonathan D , Attia Zachi I , Ola Olatunde , Mehta Ramila A , Akula Ashok , Hodge David O , Gulati Rajiv , Friedman Paul A , Jaffe Allan S , Sandoval Yader
Published: December 2022

Aims

Our goal was to evaluate a previously validated artificial intelligence–augmented electrocardiography (AI-ECG) screening tool for left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in patients undergoing high-sensitivity-cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT).

Methods and results

Retrospective application of AI-ECG for LVSD in emergency department (ED) patients undergoing hs-cTnT. AI-ECG scores (0–1) for probability of LVSD (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%) were obtained. An AI-ECG score ≥0.256 indicates a positive screen. The primary endpoint was a composite of post-discharge major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at two years follow-up. Among 1977 patients, 248 (13%) had a positive AI-ECG. When compared with patients with a negative AI-ECG, those with a positive AI-ECG had a higher risk for MACE [48 vs. 21%, P < 0.0001, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.75]. This was largely because of a higher rate of deaths (32 vs. 14%, P < 0.0001; adjusted HR 1.26, 95% 0.95–1.66) and heart failure hospitalizations (26 vs. 6.1%, P < 0.001; adjusted HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.25–2.45). Together, hs-cTnT and AI-ECG resulted in the following MACE rates and adjusted HRs: hs-cTnT < 99th percentile and negative AI-ECG: 116/1176 (11%; reference), hs-cTnT < 99th percentile and positive AI-ECG: 28/107 (26%; adjusted HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01–2.36), hs-cTnT > 99th percentile and negative AI-ECG: 233/553 (42%; adjusted HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.66, 2.70), and hs-cTnT > 99th percentile and positive AI-ECG: 91/141 (65%; adjusted HR 2.83, 95% CI 2.06, 3.87).

Conclusion

Among ED patients evaluated with hs-cTnT, a positive AI-ECG for LVSD identifies patients at high risk for MACE. The conjoint use of hs-cTnT and AI-ECG facilitates risk stratification.
C. DIFFICILE INFECTION AS A MAKER FOR DYSBIOSIS IS LONGITUDINALLY ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE DECLINE AND DEMENTIA
Authors: Resciniti Nicholas
Published: December 2022

Disruption of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) is associated with cognitive decline and dementia; however, there is a lack of findings demonstrating how dysbiosis is longitudinally associated with cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to quantitatively assess whether there is an association between Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) as a marker for dysbiosis and cognitive decline and dementia. We used 6,147 older adults from the Health and Retirement Study and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services from 1999-2012. Outcome variables included cognitive scores (0-27) and dementia (8 or less). The exposure was time-varying ICD-9 CDI. Generalized estimating equation were used for the main analysis. Having at least one CDI infection was associated with -2.85 (B = -2.85; 95% CI: -4.43, -0.26) at 2000 (baseline) and at 2002 (B = -2.85; 95% CI: -4.43, -0.26), 2004 (B = -2.85; 95% CI: -4.43, -0.26), 2006 (B = -2.85; 95% CI: -4.43, -0.26), and 2008 (B = -2.85; 95% CI: -4.43, -0.26), after adjusting. Those having at least one CDI had 6.62 greater odds (OR = 6.62; 95% CI: 1.68, 26.05) of dementia at 2000 and was associated with time points 2002 (OR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.48, 11.52) and 2004 (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.14, 5.81). This study indicated that those with a CDI had a greater cognitive decline and a greater probability dementia. These findings provide evidence that dysbiosis has a larger impact on cognitive outcomes closest to the initial disruption and is less impactful further on.
FUNGAL INFECTIONS, USE OF ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, AND THE RISK OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Yashkin Arseniy , Akushevich Igor , Yashin Anatoliy , Gorbunova Galina , Ukraintseva Svetlana
Published: December 2022

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder leading to progressive cognitive decline and death. Accumulating evidence suggests that common adult infections, such as recurrent fungal infections, may play a major role in AD development. In this study we used administrative claims data, 1991-2017, from a 5% sample of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries age 65+ to study the potential relationship between fungal infections, use of antifungal drugs and AD onset. In unweighted analysis using the Cox model, we found that after accounting for demographic and health-related differences, the presence of fungal infections, independent of treatment increased the risk of AD [Hazard Ratio(HR):1.98; 95% Confidence Interval(CI):1.89-1.92]. The strength of the effect did not change when the population was restricted to Medicare beneficiaries with Medicare Part D (prescription drug) coverage in 2006+ (HR:1.99; CI:1.97-2.01). We then split the latter group into yearly split-episode data and calculated the medication possession ratios (MPR) of three major groups of antifungal agents: imidazole, triazole and polyenes and re-estimated our models. Although the effect associated with fungal infection did not change, higher MPRs of imidazole (HR:0.61; CI:0.48-0.76) and especially triazole (HR:0.37; CI:0.24-0.58) were found to be protective. In contrast, higher MPRs of polyenes were associated with increased risk (HR:1.32; CI:1.08-1.63). In summary, fungal infections were found to be strongly associated with AD risk with the effect being strongly modified by use of common antifungal treatments. More research is required to better define the biological mechanisms engendering these associations.
ASSOCIATIONS AMONG LATENT FACTORS OF METABOLIC LOAD, BRAIN VOLUME, AND COGNITION IN HEALTHY AGING
Authors: Duezel Sandra , Drewelies Johanna , Lindenberger Ulman , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Demuth Ilja , Kühn Simone
Published: December 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to risk factors for cardiovascular disease associated with reduced physical fitness, higher disease burden, and impaired cognitive functions. Available evidence indicates that metabolic functioning is related to brain structure at the level of specific indicators, such as hypertension and voxel-based morphometry, respectively. However, attempts to relate metabolic load to brain morphology at the construct level using structural equation modeling are scarce. Here, we used confirmatory factor analysis to: (a) examine level and change associations among latent factors of metabolic risk, regional grey-matter integrity (GMI), and cognition; (b) test whether these associations differ by sex. Analyses were based on a sample of 1,100 healthy adults (52% female) aged 60 to 88 years from the Berlin Aging Study II, and included MRI data for a sub sample of 341 (37 % female) individuals. Metabolic risk was defined by waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and high-density lipoprotein; regional GMI by mean diffusivity, magnetization ratio transfer ratio, and VBM-based volume estimates; and cognition, represented by the three latent constructs episodic memory, working memory and fluid intelligence. Initial analyses indicate that individuals with lower metabolic risk show greater GMI in prefrontal cortex. Also, we found that greater prefrontal GMI was associated with higher fluid intelligence and working memory in men only. Additionally, we investigated the effects of previous levels of metabolic risk and cognition on subsequent changes in both domains over time. We highlight the benefits of latent factors for establishing brain-behavior relations, and discuss putative physiological substrates of individual differences in GMI.
METABOLIC SYNDROME, GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE, AND PHYSICAL RESILIENCE
Authors: Kalyani Rita , Varadhan Ravi , Xue Qian-Li , Sieber Frederick , Imus Philip , Buta Brian , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Walston Jeremy
Published: December 2022

When confronted with a major physical stressor, some older adults are able to recover to baseline with minimal changes, while others undergo irreversible declines. The ability to adapt and recover well from physical stress is called physical resilience and may be impeded by altered glucose-insulin dynamics. Among 55 participants in the pilot phase of the Study of Physical Resilience IN Geriatrics(SPRING), we examined associations between metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes status to physical resiliency recovery parameters after the clinical stressors total knee replacement and bone marrow transplant. These parameters included health outcomes, functional recovery, and pain in the weeks after the intervention. Additionally, we hypothesized that less resilient individuals would have abnormal glucose and insulin responses to a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test at 0, 30, 60, 120 minutes and tested this in a subset (n=40) without known diabetes. Exploratory analyses of this pilot study will be presented during this session.
PERSPECTIVES OF CAREGIVERS OF RURAL, OLDER VETERANS ON TELEGERIATRICS CARE
Authors: Boudreau Jacqueline , Conti Jennifer , Kennedy Meaghan , Pimentel Camilla , Hung William , Moo Lauren , Dryden Eileen
Published: December 2022

Telemedicine is critical to extending healthcare’s reach to rural older adults with complex medical needs, yet concerns remain about feasibility and acceptability for this population and their caregivers. We interviewed 30 rural Veterans ≥65 years old and/or their caregivers (n=21) about their experiences with video or telephone visits as part of an evaluation of Virtual Geriatrics, a network of Veterans Affairs tele-geriatric care hubs. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis. Caregivers deemed telemedicine a convenient option that prevented burdensome travel to remote specialists, facilitated caregiver involvement in visits, and matched quality of in-person visits. Caregivers often managed technology, enabling their loved one to participate in video visits. Telephone visits, while convenient, sometimes caused missed physical cues and hearing challenges which led providers to lean on caregiver communication. Our findings suggest telemedicine is feasible and acceptable for delivery for geriatrics care among rural adults and their caregivers.
PREDICTORS OF NURSING HOME COVID-19 CASES: A COMMUNITY VULNERABILITY APPROACH
Authors: Peterson Matthew , Lawhorne Larry
Published: December 2022

This study examined facility and community factors that were related to incident COVID-19 cases in nursing facilities. N=12,473 US nursing facilities were included in this study. Data from June 2020 - January 2021 from several sources were combined to create a dataset that included facility and community factors. Results indicated that higher staff shortages, poorer facility rating, for-profit ownership, proportionally more Medicaid and non-white residents were all significantly associated with higher COVID case rates over 8 months (all P < 0.0001). Community level predictors of higher cases included urban setting and higher Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). SVI was the strongest predictor of COVID case counts. This study assists in determining critical facility and community factors that predict increasing COVID burden in nursing facilities. Particularly, SVI is an important factor in determining facility and public health policy, and for targeting resources in large scale health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL ISOLATION ON OLDER ADULTS IN NURSING HOMES DURING THE PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN: INFORMING POLICY
Authors: Koszalinski Rebecca , Sturdevant Diana , Smith Patsy , Myers Julie , Yellseagle Debara , Olmos Brenda , Netter Molly
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Describe outcomes of an equity-centered community design (ECCD) project examining the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and social isolation on nursing home (NH) owners, administrators, community leaders, clergy, and urban homeless shelter staff. •

Methods

3-phase, ECCD project. Key informants (KI) were recruited through snowball sampling if experienced in caring for older adults (OA) in NH, in the community, or were engaged in spiritual care of OA.•

Results

Perceptions of fear, anger, frustration, sadness, and concern. Categories of Lost Communication and Socialization Strategies, Lost Freedom, Residents’ Dying Alone and Inability to Pause to Grieve, Helplessness and Hopelessness, Inability to Take Time to Grieve, and Behavior Changes. KI offered New Ways of Communicating, and interventions and solutions were generated in Phase III.• Implications. Understanding of Stakeholder experiences and perceptions is important to achieving inclusive, equity-centered solutions. Future policy decisions must consider what matters most to those most directly impacted by those decisions.
REDUCING AGEISM IN THE LGBTQ+ COMMUNITY THROUGH INTERGENERATIONAL CONNECTION
Authors: Andreoletti Carrie , Barmon Christina , June Andrea , Bartone Michael
Published: December 2022

Intergenerational interaction has the potential to reduce ageism and increase feelings of generativity in both younger and older adults. To expand aging education beyond our aging and gerontology classes, we collaborated with our campus LGBT Center and community partners to host several intergenerational conversations between younger and older LGBTQ+ adults and allies. The goal was to foster connection across the generations in the LGBTQ+ community through discussions of topics of mutual interest (e.g., ageism, identity & language). Participants in the LGBTQ+ conversations reported that they valued the opportunity to talk with members of the community from different generations and that the conversations changed their views of one another in a positive way. We will discuss the strengths and challenges of our program, ideas for future programs and research, and suggestions for integrating discussion of LGBTQ+ aging into the classroom.
INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS AND HEALTH IN CHINESE OLDER ADULTS: DO RESILIENCE AND GENDER MATTER?
Authors: Liu Sizhe , Zhang Wei , Zhang Keqing , Wu Bei
Published: December 2022

Emotional and instrumental supports from adult children have been shown to increase positive outcomes among older adults. In this study, we examined the association between intergenerational transfer and self-rated health as well as the mediating and moderating roles of resilience and gender, respectively, using data from Chinese older adults in Honolulu (N=400). We found that the impact of emotional and instrumental support varied by gender. Further, we found that resilience significantly mediated the positive effect of provided economic support on health of older men (resilience mediated 25.1% of the total effect) as well as the positive effect of received emotional support on health of older women (resilience mediated 35.3% of the total effect). Our study highlights the importance of considering resilience and gender differences when examining intergenerational transfers and health among Chinese older adults. The design of a culturally tailored policy would help promote the health of Chinese older adults.
COHORT EFFECTS IN MULTIMORBIDITY AMONG OLDER US ADULTS: DIFFERENCES BY RACE/ETHNICITY AND NATIVITY
Authors: Bishop Nicholas , Haas Steven , Quiñones Ana
Published: December 2022

Multimorbidity (≥ 2 co-occurring chronic health conditions) affects > 50% of US adults aged 65 and older. Building on emerging work suggesting greater risk of multimorbidity in more recent cohorts of aging Americans, we examine heterogeneity in cohort-patterns of multimorbidity by race/ethnicity and nativity. Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2018) including adults aged 51 and older across 7 birth cohorts (born < 1924, 1924–1930, 1931–1941, 1942–1947, 1948–1953, 1954–1959, and 1960–1965). Multimorbidity was measured using a sum of 9 possible chronic conditions (heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, lung disease, cancer, high depressive symptomatology, and cognitive impairment). Linear mixed models adjusting for age, period, and cohort effects tested whether cohort-specific multimorbidity risk varied for US-born White, US-born Black/African American, US-born Hispanic/Latino, and foreign-born Hispanic/Latino older adults. 30,607 adults contributed 158,727 total observations, grand mean age was 65.40 (SD=10.07), and mean multimorbidity was 2.18 (SD=1.60). US-born Black/African Americans had the greatest multimorbidity burden regardless of cohort. US-born Hispanic/Latinos experienced the highest cohort-related increases in multimorbidity, followed by US-born Black/African Americans. For example, compared to US-born Hispanic/Latinos born 1931–1941, US-born Hispanic/Latinos born 1954–1959 had 1.03 (CI: 0.78;1.28) more expected chronic conditions. Foreign-born Hispanic/Latinos had the smallest cohort-related increases in multimorbidity. Our results document heterogeneity in rising rates of multimorbidity across cohorts, suggest that US-born minority adults in Baby Boom cohorts may be at especially high risk of multimorbidity, and confirm protective effects of immigrant status among Hispanic/Latino older adults.
PROMOTING RESIDENT SAFETY THROUGH TRAINING FOR CERTIFIED NURSE AIDES, RESIDENTS, FAMILIES, AND OMBUDSMEN
Authors: Ross Sarah , Cervantes Diana , Severance Jennifer , Knebl Janice
Published: December 2022

Preventing COVID-19 infections and ensuring resident safety in the nursing home (NH) setting requires collaboration among NH leadership, staff, residents, and their advocates including families, caregivers, and nursing home ombudsmen. To address this multi-collaborative need, the University of North Texas Health Science Center Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program developed training in two focus areas. The first focused on resilience training for Certified Nurse Aides (CNAs) with the United Way that addresses factors influencing well-being, economic stability, mental health, and other social determinants. The second focused on training residents, families, ombudsmen, and other resident advocates to become active partners with NH leadership and staff in the prevention and control of healthcare acquired infections. To ensure training reflects the needs and preferences of key NH stakeholders, we developed a Nursing Home Advisory Council in partnership with state Ombudsman Programs in Texas, Louisiana, and New Mexico.