bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developments concerning repetitive stress injuries
Authors: Sambyal Aruna , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides details of repetitive stress injury together with examples from the workplace. Predicts a substantial increase in the number of legal claims in this area. Outlines future potential changes in the law to ensure ergonomic safety. Gives suggestions of ways to minimize liability claims and proffers questions for employers to ask themselves.
How to reduce your workers’ compensation costs
Authors: Dutta Sunit , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Gives a brief synopsis of the history of industrial injury compensation before going on to consider the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Outlines the objectives of workers’ compensation and the categories under which claims can be made. Considers the cost of workers’ compensation and profiles ways in which leading companies attempt to reduce these through promoting workplace safety. Provides an action plan to prevent work related disabilities occuring and highlights other opportunities for cost control.
How to hire employees effectively
Authors: Henty To Siu‐Ki , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Emphasizes the importance of effective hiring. Discusses the factors influencing hiring including the legal aspects and the best sources for recruitment. Outlines characteristics that are common to successful companies. Provides brief case studies of corporate application procedures. Attempts to evaluate the success of hiring through the comparison of various different statistics. Concludes that whilst all companies have different needs, the ability to keep up to date with legislation and evaluate present procedures is essential.
How to conduct due process discipline
Authors: Dhanoa David S. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

States the steps of due process that employers must adhere to when the discipline system is invoked. Discusses the idea of “just cause” and covers Carroll R. Daughty’s codification of seven “tests applicable for learning whether employee had just and proper cause for disciplining an employee”. Distinguishes between the progressive discipline system and the affirmative discipline system covering equality of treatment in particular. Concludes that a bad or misunderstood system is worse than no system at all and urges companies to make sure the policy they meets their requirements.
How to write excellent human resource policies
Authors: Ellerman Jennifer S. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Briefly states what a human resource policy is and looks at why employers need one. Cites five principal sources for determining the content and meaning of policies. Provides a list of questions which employers should address within their document. Advocates the policy should be reviewed by the company attorney to ensure legal compliance and the advantage of employee discussion and feedback as it is implemented.
A comparative view of employment testing
Authors: Lee Johnson David , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Compares and analyses different forms of testing that employers administer to employees. Looks at the ability of the company to formulate new tests or the need use other agencies. Discusses the merits of drug testing, behavioural and personality testing and assessment centres. Highlights concerns in relation to cultural differences, privacy and equality.
The art and science of effective stress management
Authors: Rojas Victor M. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Looks at the nature of stress and the need to ensure employees do not suffer excessive levels. Considers the different types of stress and focuses on detrimental stress. Proffers techniques for stress management such as breathing methods, meditation, exercising and massaging. Outlines the most common stressors in the workplace and suggests some ways in which these can be alleviated.
Conducting business effectively in the Philippines
Authors: Ginting Eva , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Looks at the way in which the Philippines has opened up their internal markets to foreign trade and investments. Briefly outlines the legal position. Discusses business practices such as business appointments, negotiating and entertaining before considering protocol such as greetings, gestures, gifts and dress. Provides a useful guide for those wishing to trade with the Filipino business community.
What does it take to survive in the restaurant industry of the 90’s?
Authors: Filipan James A. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Considers what companies need to survive in the restaurant industry. Cites a quality product as a priority. Suggests good evaluation techniques. Uses case studies to highlight these points. Discusses the concept of players within the market and the different issues they face. Concludes that, whilst a vareity of facts will come and go, there will remain no substitute for excellent food.
Managing for excellence in the telecommunication industry
Authors: Polak Leonard F. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides a brief history of the telecommunications industry before concentrating on today’s competitors and their products. Introduces AT&T and US West and attempts to compare the two in terms of managing excellence. Looks at factors called “a bias for action”, “value driven’, “stick to knitting”, “close to the customer”, “autonomy and entrepreneurship”, “productivity through people”, “simple from”, “lean staff” and “simultaneous loose‐tight properties”. Speculates on the future direction of these companies.
Work futures
Authors: Morris Jonathan C.
Published: June 2007

Looks at the 2000 Employment Research Unit Annual Conference held at the University of Cardiff in Wales on 6/7 September 2000. Spotlights the 76 or so presentations within and shows that these are in many, differing, areas across management research from: retail finance; precarious jobs and decisions; methodological lessons from feminism; call centre experience and disability discrimination. These and all points east and west are covered and laid out in a simple, abstract style, including, where applicable, references, endnotes and bibliography in an easy‐to‐follow manner. Summarizes each paper and also gives conclusions where needed, in a comfortable modern format.
Culturally based differences in work beliefs
Authors: Nicholson Joel D. , Wong Yim‐Yu
Published: June 2007

Considers the nature of beliefs and differentiates between three different kinds of beliefs as defined by Rokeach. Outlines the findings of a survey of business and economic students from a variety of countries in order to establish if work beliefs vary across nations. Suggests that there are significant differences and that future research should focus on what will motivate Western managers in the now developing information age.
Leaders’ risk propensity and age as determinants of organizational growth in the not‐for‐profit‐sector
Authors: Adeyemi‐Bello Tope
Published: June 2007

States that there is little research into leaders of not‐for‐profit organizations, particularly in the private, religious sector. Attempts to discover if there is a relationship between organizational growth and a leader’s age and risk propensity and whether organizations are more likely to grow when they have leaders that are relatively young risk takers. Uses a sample of Southern Baptist Churches in Arkansas, USA, to investigate the theory. Concludes that risk propensity has a bigger impact than age.
The supply chain management of production planning and sustainable customer relationships
Authors: Towers Neil , Ashford Ruth
Published: June 2007

Cites considerations to be borne in mind when reviewing a supply chain. Compares a number of models which consider customer relationships from the perspective of the supply chain. Suggests that the internal short‐term production planning controls underpin the relationship with the customer and that a sound relationship between production and sales is crucial.
How to hire employees effectively
Authors: Chuel Min Ju , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides a framework for effective hiring. Considers job descriptions and personnel specification before outlining ways to attract candidates. Recommends an analysis of recruitment strengths and weaknesses. Touches upon subjects such as the source of candidates, advertising, agencies and selection. Gives different interviewing strategies.
How professional are our professional bodies – the differences in admittance procedures
Authors: Pratten John , Ashford Ruth
Published: June 2007

Attempts to indicate good practice within national examining boards and professional bodies with various GCSE and A level boards, considering the codes of practice issued by the QCA. Covers setting the paper, the role of the chief examiner, consistent marking standards, the examining team, co‐ordination of marking standards, and post marking checks. Suggests that the procedures are quite robust and other examining boards and professional bodies have begun to emulate these procedures which should reassure the general public regarding quality.
The role of ACAS
Authors: Curtis Susan , Wright Dennis
Published: June 2007

Outlines the make‐up and role of ACAS. Considers the different areas of their work i.e. collective conciliation, advisory services, individual conciliation, and promotion work. Discusses each in turn before speculating on the future for ACAS, suggesting that it needs to keep pace with the changing nature of work. Cites that the body is attempting an arbitration alternative to the legalistic employment tribunal.
Inventory management in the women’s retail clothing industry
Authors: Lee Hsu‐Hua , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

States that inventory is the most significant financial asset of women’s clothing retailers, showing that the majority look at inventory management as a tool to improve customer satisfaction. Suggests that satisfying customer needs results in increased revenues, greater liquidity, lower inventory levels and improved returns on investment. Considers the keys to successful inventory management using case studies as examples and concludes that many retailers are moving in the direction of continuous assessment of inventories rather than point in time assessments.
Stress reduction in small businesses
Authors: Teratanavat Ratachai , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Considers ths sources of stress in small businesses: overload, uncertainty, understaffing, lack of sufficient experience and personal problems. Suggests some strategies to reduce these issues in three categories, attacking uncertainty and balancing the load, promoting employee success and providing for a participative, supportive environment. Concludes that these points taken together represent a proactive stress reduction programme designed to prevent stress in the work setting.
The compensation of directors in organisations
Authors: Scotland Robert , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Discusses the role of the board of directors and their makeup. Covers the role of directors and the decision‐making process for setting pay. Provides indications of present pay levels. Outlines potential future developments, suggesting that a lack of suitable individuals may lead to difficult decisions in setting pay in the future. States that compensation can play a meaningful role in motivating board performance.
How to manage promotion decisions effectively
Authors: Gunawan Go Indahwati , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Looks at promotion as a method of recognition and reward and considers the pitfalls of selection and the potential for discrimination allegations. Outlines several promotion systems adopted by many business organizations and their respective merits. Cites the need for performance evaluation and the methods which could be used. Provides recommendations for prompt, fair and equitable promotion and the need for effective communication and feedback to employees.
How to determine employability and wage earning capacity
Authors: Mallough Sheila , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Considers internal employability factors such as management skills, computer skills, communication and organizational skills. Covers external employability and salary factors such as geography, the economy and chosen industry. Introduces the occupational outlook handbook published by the Bureau of Labour statistics and its uses. Concludes that the calculation of your worth is time consuming but worthwhile when in a position of negotiation.
How to hire employees effectively
Authors: Garcia Bennie L. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides a basic framework for the hiring of employees. Covers areas such as job description, method of advertising, analysis of application and references. Continues with a brief look at interviewing and testing applicants, including the variety of tests available. Concludes by examining the procedures for offering the position to a candidate.
Market expectations of educated young Singaporeans
Authors: Poon Teng Fatt James
Published: June 2007

Suggests that young Singaporeans generally have high expectations due to the country’s recent economic success. Outlines the background of an average young Singaporean, considering housing, transport, financial, leisure, and nutritional backgrounds. Provides the results of a survey of 226 undergraduates from 2 universities across various faculties and looks at each of the sections mentioned above. Concludes that demands grows as aspirations grow.
The hunt for the Red X: a case study in the use of Shainin design of experiement (DOE) in an industrial honing operation
Authors: Goodman John , Wyld David C.
Published: June 2007

Documents a case study in the use of Shainin Design of Experiments in an industrial honing operation. Provides an overview of the process which attempts to reduce process variability by isolating the most influential factor (Red X). Shows the details of the week‐long experiment and gives some analysis of the data. Uses multiple statistical techniques to identify Red X and discusses corrective action. Suggests that this methodology is very practical and easily executable in many settings, making it one of the most approachable quality techniques available.
The Uniform Accountancy Act – state leaders speak out
Authors: Swinney Laurie S.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the role of the Uniform Accountancy Act published jointly by the National Association of Accountancy and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountancy, showing it is a vehicle to align state accountancy laws. Discusses the need to do this as travel and communication makes clients easily accessible from any area. Covers the perceived benefits and looks at the barriers to implementation. Reports the results of a survey of State Board of Accountancy Members and the State Society of CPA officers about the proposals. Looks at the concerns expressed and concludes that the main principles are supported but there are areas which need to be addressed before these regulations would be adopted by all states.
How to hire employees effectively
Authors: Hsiao Fang , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the various ways of seeking or identifying good employees. Discusses how to prepare an effective job application and how to review a resume. Provides a structure for interviewing a candidate effectively with suggested questions to help the candidate display specific skills. Looks at the decision‐making process. Gives a checklist for the employer and emphasizes the importance of references.
Can the rural pub survive? a challenge for management or a lost cause
Authors: Pratten John , Lovatt Chris
Published: June 2007

Examines the development and changing environment of the public house sector. Studies reasons for the general decline in trade with particular reference to the state of rural pubs. Considers some strategies for ameliorating the problems faced. Highlights the considerable challenge to management and argues that the role of local and national government is crucial, suggesting that they need to have more proactive policies in place.
The Chinese wholesale shirt laundries of New York
Authors: Louie Fletcher SR Paul
Published: June 2007

Presents, at some length, the story of the writer’s father, sharing the history and experiences of a generation who prospered in the Chinese laundry industry. Chronicles the introduction of the wholesale shirt laundry, presenting new innovations and ideas and branching out into new regulated businesses in other fields, showing how emerging problems were tackled and overcome. Cites that most of the information is from memory, observation, letters and manuals. Considers the development and changes in the industry from 1930 to 1970, looking also at the accompanying changes in standards of living.
Recruitment and training of public servants
Authors: Baroukh Nader , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Focuses on the recruitment process of individuals in public service. Argues for the need for “service‐learning” to be used as part of identifying and training people most suited for careers in public service. Defines public service, “service‐learning” and the connection between “service‐learning” and effective public service participants. Considers the human need to be of service and the motivations of public service. Discusses the implications of these motivations and looks at the personality type most suited to the role. Provides a framework for a good “service‐learning” programme.
Creating productivity in public institutions
Authors: Rector Perry , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the difficulties in motivating public employees. Provides suggestions to address these issues. Give guidance on conducting effective performance evaluations. Provides actions which should create a positive work environment. Concludes that managers must not only focus on the public need, but also the needs of each individual employee and establish structures that will motivate employees to work towards attainment of the organisational goals.
How to compute pain and suffering
Authors: Johnson Steve , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Defines injury under the labor code. Outlines how to identify such a qualifying injury and the steps which must be followed. Discusses the choices of the injured worker and explains the medical critical point. Covers the “permanent and stationary” report and the case review and work reassignment stages. Looks at the work of the State Disability Rating Office and the compensatory award. Concludes that many workers find this system inadequate for their needs and employers consider it bureaucratic but it is uniform and consistent.
Understanding workers’ compensation
Authors: Hwang Cathy , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outline the position of Workers’ compensation systems and the small role played by the state. Discusses the usual entitlement and details the five types of compensation benefit available to workers, medical care, funds to cover temporary disablement, permanent disability, vocational rehabilitation and death benefits. Provides details of the mandatory requirements for employer liability and states the procedures and responsibilities of employers when an injury occurs. Touches upon the return to work programme and safety programmes and recommends that employers take serious action towards prevention through safety training to reduce liabilities.
Orienting employees into new positions successfully
Authors: Sanders Andrew N. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the common pitfalls with orientation programmes, too little, too much and conflicting information. Gives some basic principle to be followed. Cites some best practice examples covering the pre‐start, first day and first week. Concludes that many companies lack even the most basic of programmes and this short sighted approach leads to reduced productivity, dissatisfaction and increased costs.
The problem of ethics in psychological testing
Authors: Poon Teng Fatt James
Published: June 2007

States that psychological testing can be classified into several major categories and that the tremendous variance in psychological measurements makes evaluating the usefulness or value of these tools complex. Reviews and assesses the literature in this field to determine whether, if responsibily used, psychological tests are valuable tools for evaluation. Concludes that they are of use, but the user should have some knowledge of the limitations of the tools.
Disclosed information aspects in Greek interim reports
Authors: Mavridis Dimitrios G.
Published: June 2007

This paper studies the mandatory or legal prescribed structures and then examines the actual structures of the interim reports (“enimerotika deltia”) of Greek corporates by admission of securities (shares) to The Athens Stock Exchange Market (ASE). Actual disclosure varies within a sample of 113 ASE‐listed firms whose quasi‐annual reports cover almost a decade (1994‐2001). The research is focused on disclosed “topics” and structural aspects influencing the actual extent, form and structure of voluntary information disclosure whether narrative or financial like the role of the branch, the time of admission, the experience, the “marital status” (family‐owned or not) and the academic qualification.
The electric company: how the supply chain is being reinvented through the rapid application of e‐procurement processes in the business‐to‐business arena
Authors: Wyld David C.
Published: June 2007

In this paper, the author examines the growth of B2B e‐commerce, examining results from the ISM/Forrester Reports on e‐Business conducted to date. Through this analysis, the researcher demonstrates that contrary to the generally‐held perception that B2B has experienced a sharp downturn in the wake of the recession, e‐procurement has taken hold and is rapidly expanding across the American landscape. Specifically, the Reports on e‐Business are studied to look for trends in the overall use of e‐procurement methods: to reduce paperwork and cycle times; to procure direct and indirect goods and services; to collaborate with suppliers; and to reduce the total cost of procurement. The author concludes that overall, the analysis shows that the push towards e‐procurement is being led by the largest firms. This and other key trends are discussed in the conclusion of this report, along with suggestions for future research.
Understanding executive remuneration: the contribution of CEO work histories
Authors: Johnston James
Published: June 2007

Investigates CEOs and their pay along with the various scandals attached to the company position. Urges more transparency with regard to directors’ pay to ease tension among other workers. Looks at how CEOs seemed to stay long‐term at companies before being lured away to rival companies for higher salaries in some cases.
Effective hiring
Authors: Gurumurthy Rashmila , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides a framework for managers to approach the hiring process effectively. Looks at job analysis and the legal position when advertising and hiring new staff. Covers the screening process and resumes and interviewing. Gives some basic suggestions to consider and ask at interview. Uses Microsoft as a case study. Briefly looks at referencing and stresses the importance of effective hiring for the successful operation of any company.
Chief ’Ntrepreneur Officers (CNOs) in high‐risk, high‐returns decisions of countries and corporations
Authors: Chacko George K.
Published: June 2007

Studies five successful chief ’ntrepreneur officers (CNOs) together with one failure. Looks at why the CNO is indispensable. Presents 36 characteristics of CNOs across six groups: eagerly embracing risk, passionately innovating, creating/harnessing disequilibria, empowering the middle management, empowering top management with complementing industry product and participants and with complementing capital products and providers. Uses numerous case studies to demonstrate theory and provide a number of questions and answers.
Is it time for the ISO‐9000 manager?
Authors: Wright Philip C. , Geroy G.D.
Published: June 2007

There is mounting evidence to suggest that business schools are not meeting the needs of either the business community, or their students. Evidence comes from sources as diverse as the popular press and AACSB reports. This article outlines a student‐centred, alternative business education strategy, based on the ISO‐9000 concept. Our suggestions include a redefinition of the role of research, the enhancement of choice and the inclusion of continuous learning requirements within a system in which the stakeholders have major input.
From diagnostic to interactive style of management control
Authors: Martínez Ramos Miguel , Gutiérrez Hidalgo Fernando
Published: June 2007

Simons (1995) identified two main kinds of controls: diagnostic and interactive. Nevertheless he did not study the possibility of the evolution of these concepts from one kind to the other. We have researched the possibility of this evolution and its reasons. We have studied the case of a ceramic company. Before 2000 the control system of this Company was based on large and exhaustive reports that were discussed every month by the board of directors. Simons defined this kind of control as diagnostic. After suffering a crisis in 2000 the board of directors created new reports based on non‐financial indicators. The board of directors monitored these data weekly spending long hours analysing both the outcomes and the questions arising from them. Most of middle managers of the firm were involved in this reporting system. This kind of control is the one defined by Simons as interactive.
Managing the geography of street trading in the UK: a case study of local authority regulation
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne , Hillier David
Published: June 2007

Acknowledges there is an increasing recognition that corporate retail power is the driving force for the supply chain. States a variety of large shopping developments in out of town and edge of town locations, plus continued construction and redevelopment of shopping centres within town and city centres, provide a potential physical pointer regarding retail corporate power. Concludes that major retail centres seem to be prioritised above more informal retail activities, such as street traders.
Management and development: the training programmes for small and micro enterprises in Palestinian Territories
Authors: Al‐Madhoun Mohammed I. , Analoui Farhad
Published: June 2007

The economy of the Palestinian Territories (PT) is small, poorly developed, and highly dependent on Israel; at the same time, the land is limited, Israel controls 80‐85 per cent of the Palestinian water, and there is large‐scale unemployment. Faced with this situation, small and micro‐enterprises have come to play a critical role in the economy of the PT. Donors, the Palestinian Authority (PA), and UNRWA have recognised that many of the managers suffer from managerial weaknesses, and training is one of the long‐term keys to promote the development of small and micro‐enterprises and alleviate the problem of persistent unemployment in the PT. To support the peace agreement, the International Community promised to support the Palestinian economy. Part of this aid has been spent for small and micro‐enterprise development, and for establishing managerial training programmes. These programmes aim to encourage economic development of the PT, through supporting small business education and entrepreneurship training. These programmes suffered from various problems, such as lack of professional trainers, the majority of the managers did not attend the training programme courses, some of these programmesmissed funding. Therefore, some training programmes were closed during the last two years. On the other hand, the managers of small businesses still suffer from various managerial problems. However, this article presents a description of the current situation in PT. Especially, the economic and managerial situation, particularly for the SMEs and TPs in the PT.
Strategic alternatives for small retail businesses in rural areas
Authors: Byrom John , Medway Dominic , Warnaby Gary
Published: June 2007

The issue of retailing in rural areas has received relatively little attention in recent years. This article considers retail businesses in a remote, rural area, the Uist chain in the Western Isles of Scotland. Drawing on the marketing and retail strategy literatures, a “funnical” model of rural retail strategies is developed, and examples of independent retail businesses that have adopted both market‐led and product‐led strategies are posited. These have ranged from a situation of “strategic stasis” within some retail organisations, where more “extensive” methods of running retail outlets have been adopted, through to various new development strategies. Overall, it is evident that retailers may mix strategic directions for their business within the specific geographic context that they are located. This appears to contrast with Jussila et.al. (1992: 192), who imply that their strategic alternatives are mutually exclusive and that the individual strategies are “spatially bound”. In the light of these findings, the article considers the implications presented for retailers in other rural areas of the UK.
The process of selecting technology development projects: a practical framework
Authors: Herps Joost M.J. , van Mal Herman H. , Halman Johannes I.M. , Martens Jack H.M. , Borsboom Ron H.M.
Published: June 2007

In this article a practical framework is proposed, that can be used to organise the activities related to the selection‐process of technology development projects. The framework is based upon recent literature and application at DAF Trucks Company. A technology development project has a long way to go, before it contributes to the productivity of the company. This long lead‐time causes uncertainties and risks. Changes in market‐preferences and upcoming alternative technologies can prematurely make the developing technology become obsolete. In order to reduce the uncertainties and risks, the main technology opportunities and threats need to be identified as early as possible and submitted to a validation process. The technology opportunities and threats then have to be moulded into well‐defined project‐propositions. Out of the project‐propositions those projects should be selected that will best meet the long‐term objectives of the company. This paper is intended to be used as a reference for companies whowant to improve their technology development selection process.
Performance management: TQM versus HRM – lessons learned
Authors: Soltani E. , van der Meer R.B. , Gennard J.
Published: June 2007

This article focuses on the key research findings and challenges pertaining to evaluation and managing the employee performance in the context of quality management derived from the literature survey, questionnaire survey, and a semi‐structured interview survey. Topics include the generic criteria of the current HR performance evaluation systems, the main criteria of a quality‐driven HR performance evaluation system, and the extent to which HR performance evaluation systems have been adjusted to integrate TQM requirements. Thus, the goal of the article is to review the published literature and highlight the actual practices and trends in the HR performance evaluation in organisational environments with a quality orientation. It concludes that by highlighting where we have made progress, acknowledge critical gaps, and attempt to stimulate additional research.
Business improvement districts in town and city centres in the UK
Authors: Jones Peter , Hillier David , Comfort Daphne
Published: June 2007

Within town and city centres in the UK the challenges of managing public spaces, concerns about crime, the fear of crime, anti‐social behaviour and environmental problems and the desire to maintain and enhance vitality and viability are important and interlinked issues. During the past two decades a number of policy and management initiatives have been introduced in an attempt to address these issues and to promote sustainable town and city centres. Town Centre Management (TCM) schemes, for example, were established in a growing number of towns and cities from late 1980 onwards (e.g. Jones 1990). The basic aim ofTCM has been to regenerate, sustain and develop the well being and to manage the potential of town and city centres by encouraging stakeholders and local businesses to work together in purposeful partnerships to ensure the co‐ordination and development of services. There are a number of variations in the structure and funding regimes of the 250 or so TCM schemes across the UK but they generally involve some kind of public sector/private sector partnership and funding, albeit in varying proportions, a focus on a particular area and co‐ordinated management.
Niche overlap – competition and homogeneity in the organizational clusters of hotel population
Authors: Kasimoglu Murat , Hamarat Bahattin
Published: June 2007

Competition and attempts to increase market share between organizations play an important role in business ecology. It has been determined that intensity in the institutions and death among organizations especially are of great importance. Intensity and homogeny among the organizational population are very important in the evolutionary process for them to create modern forms of institution. We have used parametric variables to collect a set of data in order to understand competition and niche among organization population. The study investigates how competition and niche affect the cluster of hotel population and their survivability. The founding of each hotel organization is differently constructed internally and different segments of the hotel population respond heterogeneously to the general process of competition. The findings show how niche and different segments of hotel population affect new organizational establishment and the evolutionary dynamics of modern organization structure, using the city center hotels of Canakkale in Turkey.
How to evaluate the performance of chief executive officers effectively
Authors: Anderson Brooke , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Observes that, while most employees in any corporation receive an evaluation of some form from a supervisor, the CEO is often overlooked in the evaluation process, as it is quite unusual for a company to have an evaluation process in place that may be effective. Posits it is the board’s responsibility to evaluate the CEO’s performance. Concludes CEO evaluation can be a time‐consuming process but only successful companies can implement this process properly.
New developments concerning negligent hiring in municipal governments
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Focuses on a lack of reasonable care in the employment selection process leading to litigation in the human resources field in the USA. Uses sample cases to show neglect in these areas, including a wrongful shooting death in Sacramento among others. Posits that a simple way to ensure that employers hire only safe and competent employees is for prior employers to provide as much information as possible about potential employees.
The relationship between grades and career success
Authors: Afarian Raffy , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Emphasizes the two most common measures that are defined, as career successes herein are higher earnings and job advancement. Uses various studies to emphasize that generally, higher grades produced higher future earnings. Uses an explanatory table to show how undergraduates in general increased their earnings (based on information from 1994‐97). Concludes that the proof seems reasonable and creditable, but not certain in the three cases noted.
How organisations manage the issue of employee privacy today
Authors: Mei‐Sha Chieh Carolyn , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Tackles how new technology has made monitoring of employees by employers possible. Looks at how the privacy law has attempted to balance two basic interests, as it has developed over the years: employers’ interests in minimising losses and injuries/maximising production; and employees’ interests in being free from intrusion into their private affairs. Lists in depth, the four types of claim that employees have against employers: intrusion; workplace searches; electronic monitoring; and surveillance types of differing areas of privacy abuse. Concludes that both parties have to try to understand the other’s stance, to enable better relations to surface.
Excellence at Toyota motor manufacturing in the United States
Authors: Fang Samsong , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Spotlights the Toyota automobile company and its status as the third largest car producer, in addition to being the fifth largest industrial company in the world. Concentrates on the Japanese management system and its value and philosophy. Delves into the Toyota corporate structure and hiring process, stressing the ethics of the team as being the most important part of the process, with open communication, non‐monetary awards, and the pay/bonus system – which are allied to making the company more successful.
Keys to hiring employees effectively in a small business
Authors: Stines Sharon R. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Maintains that although current trends are for individuals to take more personal responsibility, rather than rely on the company, there will still be a need for bosses and employees. Comments on the hire of new employees, giving a list of ten points to be addressed by the employer. Sums up that the small business owner needs to use every tool to enable the right decision to be made, regarding hiring the first employee(s) for his business.
Preparing and interpreting collective bargaining agreements effectively
Authors: Boulanger Marc , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Looks, initially, at the law that controls all collective labour negotiations in the USA, which is the National Labor Relations Act as amended. Includes a 14‐point checklist to identify subject matters that should be included in all collective bargaining agreements created in the USA. Discusses many aspects of these 14 points in full, though with a company bias of course. Tries to anticipate what both sides would be thinking at negotiation time.
Understanding and preventing workplace retaliation
Authors: Solano Frank , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Showcases workplace retaliation and describes this as when an employer illegally seeks revenge on an employee who has complained of discrimination or some other, allegedly unlawful, act by the employer. Gives examples of retaliation and advises on how companies should aim to avoid this. Concludes there are many resources available for businesses that need assistance in implementing a preventive retaliation policy.
Bias in workplace investigations and how to minimise it
Authors: Kastl Melanie A. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Specifies that the vast majority of employers hire workers based on lawful criteria such as skills and qualifications, using those same criteria to promote within the organization. Identifies various employment situations that arise and need investigation, due to wrongdoing in some way. Discusses, in depth, ways to conduct investigations in a fair and meaningful way without bias.
New developments concerning termination in violation of public policy
Authors: Lin Qiang , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Looks at various forms of employee termination and the differing interpretations involved in law. Gives the steps in wrongful discharge, legal developments and organizational developments, plus the possible impacts on small business. Concludes that when employees complain about a problem on reasonable grounds, management should always try to rectify the problem – and not the complainant!
Chief ‘Ntrepreneur Officers (CNOs): American Sam Ginn and Britisher Chris Gent, in high‐risk (PRINT),
high‐returns decisions creating a wireless world, 1984‐2000
Authors: Chacko George K.
Published: June 2007

Wireless communication comprises telecommunications industry products and services which move voice, video, data, and graphics at the speed of the electron. But wireless is far more than products and services; it is the very backbone of the Internet. We have today a wireless world which two Chief ‘Ntrepreneur Officers (CNOs) – American Sam Ginn and Britisher Chris Gent – created during the 16 years between the Olympics in Los Angeles (1984) and Olympics in Sydney (2000).
Equity holdings and the financial performance of managed care firms
Authors: Tucker Jessie L. , Kennedy‐Tucker Patricia E.
Published: June 2007

Agency theory, stewardship theory, the legalistic perspective and the substitution hypothesis have served as central themes of corporate governance research. Using this theoretical foundation, this study investigates the relationship between the equity ownership structure and performance of managed care firms. Results suggest that CEO stock options as a percentage of outstanding shares is negatively associated with some aspects of firm performance but that blockholder equity ownership appears to have an insignificant impact on firm performance.
Decentralization at the Los Angeles Unified School District
Authors: Beck George , Segrest‐Purkiss Sharon L.
Published: June 2007

The LAUSD is the largest school district in the State and is charged with the responsibility of educating over one‐fifth of the children in California. Taken individually, each of the LAUSD’s eleven local districts would rank in the top twenty in the State in terms of student population. The District is LA County’s second largest employer, and with an annual operating and capital budget of over nine billion dollars, it brings together a diverse range of active and dynamic stakeholders. In 2000 the LAUSD found itself at a crossroads. In response to growing criticism and the threat of a State‐mandated break‐up due to the poor performance of their schools, the District created eleven mini‐districts to improve accountability and take instructional programs closer to the people who use them. This paper provides background on the LAUSD’s decentralization effort and power sharing aspects of the District’s self‐imposed break‐up, and recommendations for addressing these issues are postulated.
Strategic human resource management and resource‐based approach: the evidence from the british manufacturing industry
Authors: Karami Azhdar , Analoui Farhad , Cusworth John
Published: June 2007

The notion, that people management can be a key source of sustained competitive advantage, calls for the integration of Human Resource Management (HRM) and business strategy. Not surprisingly, the main debate in HRM is nowadays concerned with the relationship between strategic management and employee relations in the firm and therefore strategic HRM focuses on the overall direction of the organisation in pursuit of its stated goals and objectives. This paper explores the above relationship in the electronic manufacturing industry. It is based on empirical evidence and the findings of a survey of senior managers’ perception and views on strategic HRM.It is concluded that increasing core competencies of the firm, in particular HR, is one of the key elements to the success of the firm performance and that HR involvement in the development and implementation of business strategy leads to organisational effectiveness in this industry.
Swiss banking confidentiality: perceptions vs. reality
Authors: Peppas Spero C.
Published: June 2007

Switzerland has long been known as a world leader in the financial services arena. However, in recent years the Swiss banking industry has come under considerable attack, in particular with regard to money laundering, Holocaust accounts and European Union tax evasion issues. This article examines Swiss banking confidentiality, reports perceptions of a sample of US Americans with regard to banking secrecy, and compares and contrasts perceptions with reality. The results of this study indicate that the general public holds negative perceptions of Swiss banking practices. This article should serve to correct misperceptions of Swiss banking held by the public at large and should be of particular interest to those involved in Swiss banking and the marketing of financial services.
Accounting Policy Changes and Debt Contracts
Authors: Hall Steven C. , Swinney Laurie S.
Published: June 2007

Prior research provides evidence that firms make accounting choices to avoid violation of debt covenant provisions and the resulting costs of technical default. We extend this research by asking why some firms refrain from making accounting policy changes when faced with costs of technical default. We considered two possible explanations. First, we hypothesise that these defaulting firms may lack the flexibility to make accounting changes. Second, we hypothesise that these defaulting firms may lack incentive to change accounting methods. Results confirm prior research and indicate that defaulting firms make more accounting changes than non‐defaulting firms. The decision by defaulting firms to change or not change accounting methods during the three years ending in the year of a technical default of debt covenants can be explained in part by the ability of the firm and by the incentives of the firm to make a change.
Incentive practices in the US automobile industry
Authors: Joetan Edwin , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Automobile salespersons have long been viewed by the general public as cunning and cold. They only fare better than murderers. The bad perception that the public has can be traced to the compensation system in the industry. This compensation system has also contributed to the high turnover rates of salespersons in dealerships. High turnover rates are costing the dealerships training cost and lost sales from returning customers. Dealerships have to start changing how they compensate their sales force. Replacing the at risk pay with salary and bonus will greatly change the salespeople’s selling attitude for the better. Salary based will also reduce the turnover rate especially during a lean period. It will also give a chance for a novice to enter the industry without them downgrading their lifestyle. Financial hardship during the learning period has been the main deterrent for newcomers to enter the industry. Other non‐cash incentives, such as free demonstrator, profit sharing and pension plans will help to retain the sales force. Another important factor is to hire the right salespeople from the beginning.
The impact of western education on future Chinese Asian managers
Authors: Curtis Susan , Lu Wenwen
Published: June 2007

Recounts that in‐depth structured interviews were held with 17 masters students (studying Business Management or Marketing Management), including students from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia. Additionally, three interviews were carried out in Taiwan with managers which provided a limited amount of extra evidence.
The effects of class size on effectiveness of online courses
Authors: Drago William , Peltier Jimmy
Published: June 2007

This study sought to determine the effect of class size on the evaluation of teaching effectiveness for on‐line courses using a standard student evaluation survey instrument. The data set consists of all MBA courses taught online during an academic year at a large, regional Midwestern university in the U.S. Several simple regression analyses are performed with class size as the independent variable. Dependent variables analysed were global course effectiveness and summated indices representing “building blocks” of online effectiveness. These include course content, instructor support, course structure, student‐to‐student interaction and instructor to‐student interaction. Results indicate no significant relationship between class size and global course effectiveness. In addition, class size showed some significance in predicting instructor support and course structure. Unexpectedly the direction of this association was positive suggesting that larger classes lead to higher levels of instructor support and greater perceived course structure. A comparison to traditional courses is also provided.