bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PM2.5 concentration simulation by hybrid machine learning based on image features
Authors: Ma Minjin , Zhao Zhenzhu , Ma Yuzhan , Cao Yidan , Kang Guoqiang
Published: February 2025

Air pollution significantly impacts human health, making the development of effective pollutant concentration assessment methods crucial. This study introduces a hybrid machine learning approach to simulate PM2.5 mass concentration using outdoor images, offering an alternative to traditional observation techniques. The proposed method utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract image features through transfer learning. The importance of these features is then evaluated using a random forest (RF) model. In addition, the extracted image features are combined with meteorological data (e.g., temperature (TEM), relative humidity (RHU), and sea level pressure (PRS_Sea)) and pollutant concentration data (hourly PM2.5 concentrations from four monitoring stations) for complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) signal decomposition. This results in multiscale signals that are subsequently used in the hybrid machine learning model to simulate PM2.5 concentrations. The results demonstrate that the ResNet50 training method, which extracts 64 image features, yields the best performance. An RF model is applied to the low-frequency signal, superimposed with the trend signal, while a Lasso regression model is used for the high-frequency signal. The combined approach produces superior simulation results than the RF model alone. Notably, image feature 23, PM2.5 concentration from the Institute of Biological Products (IBP), and TEM are most influential for the high-frequency signal, with characteristic coefficients of 1.409, 0.380, and 0.318, respectively. For the low-frequency signals, image features 5 and 23, along with the PM2.5 concentration from the Lanlian Hotel (LH), are the most significant, with importance values of 0.170, 0.137, and 0.125, respectively. The Lasso regression model (random forest model) has the function of high (low) value correction for high (low) frequency signal simulation, leading to more accurate simulation results. This study proposes a cost-effective method for accurately estimating PM2.5 concentrations.
Cultivating change: an evaluation of departmental readiness for faculty diversification
Authors: Carter-Veale Wendy Y. , Cresiski Robin H. , Sharp Gwen , Lankford Jordan D. , Ugarte Fadel
Published: February 2025

Despite the increasing number of racially and ethnically minoritized (REM) individuals earning PhDs and the substantial investment in diversity initiatives within higher education, the relative lack of diversity among faculty in tenure-track positions reveals a persistent systemic challenge. This study used an adaptation of the Community Readiness Tool to evaluate readiness for faculty diversification efforts in five biomedical departments. Interviews with 31 key informants were transcribed and coded manually and using NVIVO 12 in order to assign scores to each department in the six domains of readiness. The results revealed no meaningful differences in overall scores across institutional types, but did show differences within specific domains of readiness. These findings indicate that readiness is multi-faceted and academic departments can benefit by identifying priority areas in need of additional faculty buy-in and resources to enhance the success of diversification efforts.
Internal jugular vein tumor thrombus in papillary thyroid cancer: our institution’s experience and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Laurin Bryce J. , Ballard Robert , Malik Ifthikar , Mitchell Janeil
Published: February 2025

Papillary thyroid tumor thrombosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) is a rarely observed phenomenon with fewer than 30 cases reported to date. The clinical features and underlying pathogenesis of tumor thrombosis are not well-elucidated. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted, yielding 20 studies eligible for analysis. Additionally, we describe a case of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tumor thrombus involving the IJV with solitary metastasis to the ipsilateral kidney. The majority of patients in the cohort presented in an asymptomatic state (n = 14) with variable timepoints in diagnosis: preoperative (n = 9), intraoperatively (n = 1), and postoperative period (n =11), up to 30 years post-thyroidectomy. Primary tumor sizes ranged widely, with a mean of 4.22 cm ± 2.64cm. Most patients (85.7%) presented with nodal involvement and a few (n =4) had distant metastases with pulmonary involvement most commonly reported. Open tumor thrombectomy was performed in 10 (52.6%) cases and extensive vascular reconstruction was required in 8 (42%). Adjuvant treatment including radioactive iodine ablation (36.8%) and external beam radiation (21.1%) was also employed. Patient clinical factors, presentation, diagnosis, and management of PTC vascular tumor thrombus are heterogeneous. Tumor thrombus occurred in patients with solitary, small primary tumors and patients with heavy locoregional disease burden and presents as isolated and extensive thrombotic burden, the latter requiring complex open cardiovascular reconstruction in some patients. The rarity of the disease and diverse clinical presentation reporting remains a challenge in the understanding of pathogenesis, optimal management, and outcomes in PTC-related thrombosis.
Integrated spatial cost-benefit analysis of large-scale mangrove conservation and restoration in Indonesia
Authors: van Zanten Boris , Brander Luke McKinnon , Castaneda Juan-Pablo , Herrera Diego , Kaczan David , Brown Benjamin M. , Smith Ian Andrew , Jongman Brenden
Published: February 2025

Economic development in Indonesia has resulted in reduced poverty but has also been accompanied by significant pressure on natural capital, including its mangrove forests. In recognition of the role of mangroves in providing coastal protection and the delivery of other ecosystem services, the Government of Indonesia has engaged in several policy actions, among others the use of nature based solutions and has set a target to restore or enhance the protection of 600,000 ha of mangroves by 2025. The objective of the analysis presented in this paper is to inform the design and development of a national-scale mangrove conservation and restoration policy for Indonesia through a spatially explicit cost-benefit analysis. The analytical framework involves the integration of maps, data and models to estimate the costs and benefits of mangrove restoration at a high spatial resolution. On the benefit side, we make use of meta-analytic value transfer methods to value changes in fisheries, raw materials, coastal protection, carbon sequestration and avoided emissions, and mangrove tourism. On the cost side, we assess the opportunity and implementation costs using country specific data. Through a spatial overlay of cost and benefit estimates, cost-benefit indicators are calculated per district for investing in additional mangrove restoration and conservation. Using a discount rate of 5.5% and a 30-year project lifetime, the benefit-cost ratios of mangrove conservation and restoration are found to be >1 in most districts indicating positive social returns on investment. We find that mangrove conservation generally has higher benefit-cost ratios than restoration due to both the higher cost of restoration implementation and the additional time that it takes for restored mangroves to deliver ecosystem services. The spatially explicit framework to estimate district-level costs and benefits reveals tradeoffs with agriculture and aquaculture and enables the evaluation of investment scenarios and the spatial prioritisation of investments in mangrove conservation and restoration across Indonesia. Strategic allocation of conservation and restoration investments across districts can potentially significantly increase the economic viability of this nature-based solution.
Raman spectroscopy and bioinformatics-based identification of key genes and pathways capable of distinguishing between diffuse large B cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Liang Haoyue , Cao Zhijie , Ren Yansong , Li Yihan , Wang Haoyu , Sun Fanfan , Xue Mei , Zhu Guoqing , Zhou Yuan
Published: February 2025

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are subtypes of non-Hogkin lymphoma (NHL) that are generally distinct form one cases, but the transformation of one of these diseases into the other is possible. Some patients with CLL, for instance, have the potential to develop Richter transformation such that they are diagnosed with a rare, invasive DLBCL subtype. In this study, bioinformatics analyses of these two NHL subtypes were conducted, identifying key patterns of gene expression and then experimentally validating the results. Disease-related gene expression datasets from the GEO database were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DEG functions were examined using GO analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction. This strategy revealed many up- and down-regulated DEGs, with functional enrichment analyses identifying these genes as being closely associated with inflammatory and immune response activity. PPI network analyses and the evaluation of clustered network modules indicated the top 10 up- and down-regulated genes involved in disease onset and development. Serological analyses revealed significantly higher ALB, TT, and WBC levels in CLL patients relative to DLBCL patients, whereas the opposite was true with respect to TG, HDL, GGT, ALP, ALT, and NEUT% levels. In comparison to the CLL and DLBCL groups, the healthy control samples demonstrated higher signals of protein peak positions (621, 643, 848, 853, 869, 935, 1003, 1031, 1221, 1230, 1260, 1344, 1443, 1446, 1548, 1579, 1603, 1647 cm-1), nucleic acid peak positions (726, 781, 786, 1078, 1190, 1415, 1573, 1579 cm-1), beta carotene peak positions (957, 1155, 1162 cm-1), carbohydrate peak positions (842 cm-1), collagen peak positions (1345 cm-1), and lipid peak positions (957, 1078, 1119, 1285, 1299, 1437, 1443, 1446 cm-1) compared to the CLL and DLBCL groups. Verification of these key genes in patient samples yielded results consistent with findings derived from bioinformatics analyses, highlighting their relevance to diagnosing and treating these forms of NHL. Together, these analyses identified genes and pathways involved in both DLBCL and CLL. The set of molecular markers established herein can aid in patient diagnosis and prognostic evaluation, providing a valuable foundation for their therapeutic application.
Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ren Siqi , Zhang Yinping , Wang Xingyue , Su Jiahong , Wang Xiang , Yuan Zijun , He Xinyu , Guo Sipeng , Chen Yu , Deng Shuai , Wu Xu , Li Mingxing , Du Fukuan , Zhao Yueshui , Shen Jing , Hu Wei , Li Xiaobing , Xiao Zhangang
Published: February 2025

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progression, particularly its effects on immune cells within the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we explore the potential of gut microbiota-targeted interventions, such as antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), to modulate the immune response and improve outcomes of immunotherapy in HCC. By synthesizing insights from recent studies, this review aims to highlight microbiota-based strategies that may enhance immunotherapy outcomes, advancing personalized approaches in HCC treatment.
Severe thyroiditis induced by sintilimab monotherapy in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Xiaolin , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Surui , Cheng Pian , Chen Jinjuan , Liu Jie
Published: February 2025

Thyroid dysfunction is a common immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Nevertheless, the incidence of severe cases, defined as grade 3 or higher, remains rare. This report presents a detailed case study of severe thyroiditis in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed grade 3 thyroiditis following a single cycle of sintilimab monotherapy. The clinical presentation in this patient was remarkable for its early onset, occurring one week after the initiation of sintilimab therapy, and for its severe manifestations. During hospitalization, a prompt and accurate differential diagnosis was performed. Sintilimab treatment was discontinued, and the patient was promptly started on high-dose glucocorticoids, with a tapering schedule implemented as the condition improved or reached Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 1 or lower. The patient subsequently developed overt hypothyroidism, necessitating the initiation of thyroxine replacement therapy. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and risk factors associated with thyroid dysfunction immune-related adverse events (TD-irAEs). It is imperative for clinicians to meticulously monitor the clinical symptoms exhibited by patients. For those presenting with symptoms, prompt diagnosis and appropriate symptomatic management are essential. Additionally, regular thyroid function testing is recommended for high-risk patients, and we advocate for the assessment of baseline levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) prior to initiating ICI treatment.
Case Report: Long-term suppression of relapses by dimethyl fumarate in a relapsing pediatric patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease manifesting as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, unilateral optic neuritis, and seizure episodes
Authors: Tahara Masayuki , Awaya Tomonari , Saito Keisuke , Sawada Hideyuki
Published: February 2025

Background

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated diseases (MOGAD), which has been recognized as a distinct entity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, often presents with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) symptoms in pediatric patients. Appropriate treatment based on accurate diagnosis is challenging in relapsing pediatric patients with MOGAD.

Case Presentation

An 11-year-old girl experienced relapses four times, exhibiting brainstem symptoms, an ADEM episode, seizures, and optic neuritis (ON). She was initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and received interferon beta-1a therapy with a mild effect on relapse suppression. She was then transferred from the pediatric department to the department of neurology of our hospital. Two months before her referral visit, she experienced left optic neuritis, and her annualized relapse rate reached 0.6. She desired to switch from the injectable treatment to oral dimethyl fumarate (DMF) administration. At that time, she was found to be seropositive for MOG antibody, but after that had no relapses for more than five years. Moreover, her seropositivity for serum MOG-antibody turned out to be seronegative.

Conclusions

DMF showed long-term effects on suppressing relapses in a pediatric patient with MOGAD, revealing its potential as a treatment option for such patients.
Prognostic nutritional index as an independent risk factor for disease progression in patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wang Siqing , Zhou Huan , Dong Lingqiu , Qin Wei
Published: February 2025

Background

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, has been investigated, and complex factors are involved in disease progression. A group of evidence emerged that nutrition status plays a nonsubstitutable role in the management of chronic kidney disease. Meanwhile, a novel marker of nutrition and inflammation, the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), has been studied in various diseases. Whether PNI can predict the renal outcome of patients with IgAN remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between PNI and clinicopathologic features, renal progression and renal prognosis in patients with IgAN.

Methods

A total of 1,377 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN were recruited for this retrospective study. All patients were divided into two groups based on the cutoff value of PNI: the high group (PNI ≥ 47.1, n = 886) and the low group (PNI < 47.1, n = 491). Our study endpoint was end-stage renal disease [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or performance of renal replacement therapy]. A correlation test was conducted to explore the relationship between PNI and other important clinicopathologic parameters. The predictive value was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to assess the value of PNI in predicting renal progression and prognosis.

Results

The correlation test revealed that PNI was positively associated with eGFR (r = 0.16, p < 0.001) and negatively related to 24-h proteinuria (r = −0.387, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that low PNI was an independent risk factor for IgAN patients even after adjusting for important clinical and pathological parameters (HR, 0.664; 95% CI, 0.443–0.994; p = 0.047). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that low PNI was significantly correlated with severe renal outcome in patients with IgAN (p < 0.001). Moreover, the subgroup analyses of Kaplan–Meier survival demonstrated that low PNI predicted severe renal prognosis in different types of IgAN patients when considering the level of glomerular filtration rate, 24 h proteinuria and hemoglobin.

Conclusion

PNI is associated with renal function and pathologic lesions in IgAN patients and could be a novel marker for the evaluation of renal progression and prognosis.
Case report: The first case of Mpox in a patient with HIV in Burundi
Authors: Sabushimike Doriane , Nimburanira Marc , Freeman Esther , Simbarariye Déo , Nzeyimana Armel , Enbiale Wendemagegn
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Mpox is a viral disease that primarily affects individuals living in endemic regions. The 2022 outbreak notably impacted HIV-positive individuals, who were disproportionately affected. This report describes the first confirmed case of Mpox in Burundi, involving an HIV-positive patient with advanced disease. The case was confirmed by the national laboratory during the early stages of the 2024 outbreak.

Case presentation

A 50-year-old woman presented with pustular and necrotic skin lesions, vulval ulcers, and systemic symptoms. She was diagnosed with HIV upon initial evaluation and, despite an initial misdiagnosis, was ultimately confirmed to have a co-infection of Mpox. Complications included secondary bacterial infection, severe pain, and prolonged healing.

Conclusion

HIV coinfection can exacerbate Mpox, leading to severe clinical presentations. Therefore, early recognition and screening for HIV in Mpox patients are essential.
The association between adult IgA vasculitis and cancer: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hočevar Alojzija , Jurčič Vesna , Rotar Žiga
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Cancer has been reported as a potential trigger for IgA vasculitis (IgAV) in adults; however, data on this topic are scarce. The aim of our study was to examine the frequency and location of cancer in adults with IgAV.

Methods

We included 295 IgAV patients diagnosed between January 2010 and June 2021 and followed at our secondary/tertiary rheumatology centre. Cancer episodes were recorded and classified into three groups according to their temporal relation to IgAV: (1) cancer diagnosed prior to IgAV; (2) cancer diagnosed concurrently with IgAV; and (3) cancer diagnosed during IgAV follow-up. The term IgAV associated with cancer (IgAV-CA) was used for IgAV cases presenting while cancer was active or diagnosed within a three-year period before or after the IgAV diagnosis.

Results

Forty-seven IgAV patients (15.9%) developed a total of 56 different cancers. Of these, 43 cancers (76.8%) preceded the IgAV diagnosis, 3 cancers (5.3%) were diagnosed concurrently with IgAV, and 10 cancers (17.9%) were diagnosed during the IgAV follow-up. Twenty-two IgAV patients (7.5%) who developed a total of 24 cancers (42.9%) could be classified as IgAV-CA cases. The three most frequently diagnosed cancers in the IgAV-CA group were prostatic, renal and bladder cancer, together accounting for 50% of cancers. Age and smoking were associated with concurrent cancers, and arthritis represented a risk factor for cancer development during IgAV follow-up.

Conclusion

IgAV cases associated with cancer represent 7% of adult IgAV cases. In elderly patients, careful examination of the urogenital tract is warranted when cancer is suspected.
Composite quantile regression approach to batch effect correction in microbiome data
Authors: Park Jiwon , Park Taesung
Published: February 2025

Background

Batch effects refer to data variations that arise from non-biological factors such as experimental conditions, equipment, and external factors. These effects are considered significant issues in the analysis of biological data since they can compromise data consistency and distort actual biological differences, which can severely skew the results of downstream analyses.

Method

In this study, we introduce a new approach that comprehensively addresses two types of batch effects: “systematic batch effects” which are consistent across all samples in a batch, and “nonsystematic batch effects” which vary depending on the variability of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within each sample in the same batch. To address systematic batch effects, we apply a negative binomial regression model and correct for consistent batch influences by excluding fixed batch effects. Additionally, to handle nonsystematic batch effects, we employ composite quantile regression. By adjusting the distribution of OTUs to be similar based on a reference batch selected using the Kruskal-Walis test method, we consider the variability at the OTU level.

Results

The performance of the model is evaluated and compared with existing methods using PERMANOVA R-squared values, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) plots and Average Silhouette Coefficient calculated with diverse distance-based metrics. The model is applied to three real microbiome datasets: Metagenomic urine control data, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Re-analysis Consortium data, and Men and Women Offering Understanding of Throat HPV study data. The results demonstrate that the model effectively corrects for batch effects across all datasets.
The role of protein phosphorylation modifications mediated by iron metabolism regulatory networks in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Fei-Xiang , Yang Shun-Zhi , Shi Kai-Kai , Li Ding-Ming , Song Jia-bin , Sun Lu , Dang Xue , Li Jin-Yao , Deng Zi-qi , Zhao Min , Feng Yan-Chen
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In recent years, an imbalance in iron homeostasis has been recognized to play a key role in the pathological process of AD. Abnormal iron accumulation can activate various kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase, leading to abnormal phosphorylation of tau and amyloid precursor protein, and accelerating the formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In addition, iron-mediated oxidative stress not only triggers neuronal damage, but also exacerbates neuronal dysfunction by altering the phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Iron accumulation also affects the phosphorylation status of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, interfering with the dopamine signaling pathway. On the other hand, iron affects iron transport and metabolism in the brain by regulating the phosphorylation of transferrin, further disrupting iron homeostasis. Therapeutic strategies targeting iron metabolism show promise by reducing iron accumulation, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing abnormal phosphorylation of key proteins. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of phosphorylation modifications mediated by iron homeostasis imbalance in AD, and discusses the potential of interventions that regulate iron metabolism and related signaling pathways, providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment of AD.
Prognostic value of glycolipid metabolism index on complications and mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Zeng Yile , Lin Long , Chen Jianlong , Cai Shengyu , Lai Jinqing , Hu Weipeng , Liu Yiqi
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive capability of glycolipid metabolism index (triglyceride-glucose index, TyG; atherogenic index of plasma, AIP; triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, TG/HDL-C; and non-HDL-C to HDL-C ratio, NHHR) for complications and ventilator use in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Patients with ICH requiring ICU admission were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Outcomes assessed included incidence of complications and use of ventilator support. Multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and restricted cubic spline were employed to investigate the relationship between glycolipid metabolism index and clinical outcomes in ICH patients.

Results

A total of 733 patients were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated TyG, AIP, and TG/HDL-C levels were associated with increased incidence of complications and prolonged ventilator use. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that TyG (AUC 0.646) exhibited the strongest predictive ability for multiple complications in ICH patients. Further multiple regression analysis identified TG/HDL-C as an independent predictor of deep vein thrombosis, while TyG, AIP, and TG/HDL-C independently predicted pulmonary embolism, and TyG, AIP, NHHR, and TG/HDL-C independently predicted acute kidney injury. Moreover, ventilator use further heightened the risk of multiple complications in ICU patients with elevated glycolipid metabolism index.

Conclusion

Glycolipid metabolism index represent promising and readily accessible biomarkers for predicting multiple complications and ventilator use in ICU patients with ICH.
Correlation analysis of upper limb muscle activation in the frequency domain in wheelchair fencers
Authors: Błaszczyszyn Monika , Piechota Katarzyna , Borysiuk Zbigniew , Kręcisz Krzysztof , Zmarzły Dariusz
Published: February 2025

Background

The study includes a correlation analysis of EMG signals of upper limb muscle activity in wheelchair fencers. The aim of the study was to investigate neuromuscular conduction in wheelchair fencers using the EMG signal from their upper limb muscles.

Methods

Wavelet transform analysis was used to examine the biosignals. The recorded EMG signals were subjected to time-frequency transformations. The scalograms were determined using the continuous wavelet transform. Based on the analysis, time-frequency coherence maps were extracted to determine validation in the frequency bands: 2–16 Hz, 17–30 Hz, and 31–60 Hz. The study participants were 16 wheelchair fencers, members of the Polish Paralympic Team, in two disability categories: 7 in category A and 9 in category B. Coherence was calculated for frequencies up to 60 Hz.

Results

The analysis revealed the individual time-dependent coherence between two signals for different frequencies during the work cycle of the antagonist muscles of the arm (biceps/triceps) and forearm (flexor/extensor carpi radialis). A significant difference in alpha coherence (2–16 Hz) occurred in the group of forearm muscles in the frequency band of 2–16 Hz, both for G (p = 0.042) and M (p = 0.031) parameters (G: A - 0.08 Hz, B - 0.04 Hz; M: A - 0.51 and B - 0.42). Its peaks were observed during the fencing action cycle. Some differences in gamma coherence were also found in the EMG signals of the forearm muscles in the 31–60 Hz frequency band were statistically significant (p = 0.031): 0.43 in group A and 0.36 in group B.

Conclusion

The results showed the neuromuscular conduction, where alpha coherence reflects the reticulospinal tract responsible for the excitation of the distal muscles of the wrist and hand, while gamma coherence results from cortical signals. It is related to efferent conduction and reflects corticomuscular coupling. Frequency domain coherence analysis determines the strength of intermuscular synchronization, allowing a comprehensive investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying motor recovery. It maps separate neural pathways for arm and hand control.
The membrane may be a key factor influencing browning: a mini review on browning mechanisms of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables from a multi-omics perspective
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Zhan Zhaoxia , Lin Wei , Zhang Can , Wang Bin
Published: February 2025

Fresh-cut fruit and vegetables are susceptible to browning during storage and subsequent consumption. The cell membrane acts as a vital structural barrier, compartmentalizing various substances within living organisms. The fresh-cutting process induces mechanical injuries, disrupting these membranes and resulting in the leakage of cellular contents. This facilitates direct contact between substances and enzymes that mediate browning reactions. This mini review explores the potential roles of cell membranes in the browning of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables from a multi-omics perspective, aiming to provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of browning in fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. Considering potential roles of cell membranes in blocking the browning of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables, future studies should focus on elucidating the precise mechanisms by which membranes regulate browning reactions, aiming to provide directions for the development of more effective intervention strategies.
Impact of co-fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kluyveri on the metabolic characteristics of the flavor compounds in mulberry wine
Authors: Ding Bo , Xiong Ling , Zhao Shutian , Lin Ying , Guo Penghui , Zhang Wenxue
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the metabolic characteristics of mulberry wine produced by co-fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and two different Pichia kluyveri (PK). Although S. cerevisiae inhibited the growth of P. kluyveri during co-fermentation, P. kluyveri showed robust growth adaptability. Classical oenological parameters were not significantly altered by co-fermentation compared to pure-fermentation. The P. kluyveri significantly modulated amino acid metabolism pathways during co-fermentation, enhancing the biosynthesis of higher alcohol acetate compounds. Furthermore, co-fermentation strategy promoted the production of volatile flavor compounds, particularly esters and alcohols, which enriched the wine with distinct floral and fruity flavors. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic mechanisms of co-fermentation with SC and PK strains and highlights the potential of P. kluyveri as a co-fermentation agent for improving the aromatic complexity of fruit wines.
Prescription patterns of supportive care medications among children receiving chemotherapy treatments at a major referral hospital in Tanzania: where are we in managing chemotherapy-induced toxicities?
Authors: Katabalo Deogratias M. , Abraham Melina , Kidenya Benson R. , Liwa Antony , Schroeder Kristin
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer chemotherapy is a treatment that systematically kills cancer cells but causes expected side effects, known as chemotherapy-induced toxicities. These toxicities are managed with supportive care medications. This study aimed to determine the prescription patterns of supportive care medications in children receiving chemotherapy at a major referral hospital in Tanzania.

Methodology

A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). The study analyzed 104 prescription slips of pediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and qualitatively assessed national guidelines and disease-specific protocols used in guiding treatment. Data were cleaned in Microsoft Excel, analyzed using STATA version 15, and presented as frequencies, percentages, and narrative summaries.

Results

Ondansetron (84.6%) and pre-hydration normal saline (20.2%) were the most prescribed pre-chemotherapy supportive care medications. Similarly, oral ondansetron (80.8%) and post-hydration normal saline (22.1%) were the most prescribed post-chemotherapy medications. Few prescriptions included a combination of antiemetics, fluids, and proton pump inhibitors for regimens with multiple chemotherapeutic agents. National cancer treatment guidelines lacked detailed sections on supportive care medications, leaving prescribing decisions to clinicians, while Burkitt’s lymphoma and nephroblastoma protocols offered more detailed guidance.

Conclusion

Antiemetics and hydration fluids dominated supportive care prescriptions. Significant gaps were identified in the inclusion of supportive care in national guidelines, with reliance on disease-specific protocols. These findings highlight the need for standardized, evidence-based supportive care guidelines tailored to resource-limited settings.
Ensartinib as a neoadjuvant therapy for stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer patients with EML4-ALK fusion: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xia Wei , Zhang Yifan , Bao Shihao , Zeng Jingtong , Li Xianjie , Zhang Bo , Wang Hanqing , Xu Song , Song Zuoqing
Published: February 2025

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors have shown efficacy in treating ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the effectiveness of ensartinib neoadjuvant therapy remains ambiguous. Herein, we reported that preoperative systemic treatment with the ALK inhibitor ensartinib can be beneficial for treating initially inoperable tumors. In this study, we present a case of a 60-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with stage IIIA (cT2aN2aM0, ninth TNM stage) lower left lung adenocarcinoma harboring an EML4-ALK fusion. After three months of therapy, the neoadjuvant treatment with ensartinib provided a partial response, with significant tumor and lymph node shrinkage. Preoperative ensartinib neoadjuvant therapy for NSCLC is safe and effective. Nevertheless, clinical trials can be conducted in the future to validate our results. Moreover, we performed multiple immunofluorescence staining analyses on samples before and after neoadjuvant therapy, observed and compared the changes in the expression of relevant immune cells (CD8+ T cells, macrophages, PD-1, and PD-L1), and performed a simple analysis.
Deep learning model for the early prediction of pathologic response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Authors: Lv Meng , Zhao BinXin , Mao Yan , Wang Yongmei , Su Xiaohui , Zhang Zaixian , Wu Jie , Gao Xueqiang , Wang Qi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of various deep learning methods on DCE-MRI, in order to provide a simple and accessible tool for predicting pathologic response of NAC in breast cancer patients.

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 313 breast cancer patients who had complete DCE-MRI data and underwent NAC followed by breast surgery. According to Miller-Payne criteria, the efficacy of NAC was categorized into two groups: the patients achieved grade 1-3 of Miller-Payne criteria were classified as the non-responders, while patients achieved grade 4-5 of Miller-Payne criteria were classified as responders. Multiple deep learning frameworks, including ViT, VGG16, ShuffleNet_v2, ResNet18, MobileNet_v2, MnasNet-0.5, GoogleNet, DenseNet121, and AlexNet, were used for transfer learning of the classification model. The deep learning features were obtained from the final fully connected layer of the deep learning models, with 256 features extracted based on DCE-MRI data for each patient of each deep learning model. Various machine-learning techniques, including support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), RandomForest, ExtraTrees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and multiple-layer perceptron (MLP), were employed to construct classification models.

Results

We utilized various deep learning models to extract features and subsequently constructed machine learning models. Based on the performance of different machine learning models’ AUC values, we selected the classifiers with the best performance. ResNet18 exhibited superior performance, with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82 - 0.91) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78 - 0.96) in the train and test cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions

Using pre-treatment DCE-MRI images, our study trained multiple deep models and developed the best-performing DLR model for predicting pathologic response of NAC in breast cancer patients. This prognostic tool provides a dependable and impartial basis for effectively identifying breast cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from NAC before its initiation. At the same time, it can also identify those patients who are insensitive to NAC, allowing them to proceed directly to surgical treatment and prevent the risk of losing the opportunity for surgery due to disease progression after NAC.
Case Report: Prepubertal-type testicular teratoma with local metastasis in a postpubertal patient
Authors: Ghirardelli Smith Olivia C. , Tsai Alexander K. , Zhong Minghao , Dejban Pegah , Nelson Andrew C. , Dolan Michelle , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Murugan Paari
Published: February 2025

Introduction

We report for the first time a case of a postpubertal patient presenting with a metastatic prepubertal-type testicular teratoma.

Case discussion

A 29-year-old male with a history of corrected unilateral cryptorchidism presented with progressive bilateral lower extremity edema. Imaging revealed an inferior vena cava thrombus associated with a complex mass. A left testicular ultrasound identified a solid lesion suggestive of a germ cell tumor, leading to a left radical orchiectomy, which revealed a mature pure teratoma with no evidence of germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). Excision of the retroperitoneal mass confirmed the presence of mature teratomatous elements without evidence of non-teratomatous germ cell tumor elements or cytological atypia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed no evidence of gain of 12p, and next-generation sequencing showed no alterations in genes known to be associated with GCT.

Conclusion

This case illustrates that pure mature teratomas lacking chromosome 12p abnormalities, GCNIS, and other dysgenetic features, occurring in postpubertal males, cannot invariably be classified into the benign prepubertal-type teratoma category. Contrary to current paradigm, in rare cases these may represent tumors with metastatic potential.
Impact of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on cardiometabolic health-related indicators in inactive middle-aged men with excess body weight and obesity
Authors: Mengistu Friew Amare , Lake Yehualaw Alemu , Andualem Molalign Enchalew , Miherete Yalemsew Demlie , Zewdie Solomon Adamu
Published: February 2025

Methods

Twenty physically inactive men (49.15 ± 2.581 years) and BMI with 27.66 ± 0.91, participated in an 8-month training programme involving concurrent exercise (CT), resistance training (RT), and aerobic training (AT) program to determine the effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin resistance (IR), blood pressure (BP) and waist–to–hip ratio (WHR) in overweight and obese adult persons. This study was used a randomized repeated measures parallel experimental design.

Results

Pre-to-post mean values of FBG, IR, SBP, DBP and WHR significantly decreased. Exercise modality had a significant effect on FBG (F (2, 26) = 10.656, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.571), with RT and CT showing greater reductions than AT. IR decreased more in RT than in AT (MD = 0.410 ± 0.101, p = 0.03). SBP also varied significantly between modalities (F (2, 26) = 13.103, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.528), with CT and RT showing larger reductions than AT. WHR differed significantly (F (2, 16) = 18.175, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.694), with AT and CT showing more reductions than RT. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed no significant effect from exercise modality.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of tailored exercise interventions, with short rest RT and CT emerging as the most effective method for inactive overweight and obese individuals.
Metabolomic analyses reveal that graphene oxide alleviates nicosulfuron toxicity in sweet corn
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yanbing , Wang Yanli , Zhong Xuemei , Wang Xiuping , Lin Xiaohu
Published: February 2025

Nicosulfuron can repress the growth and quality of sweet corn (Zea mays), and graphene oxide has been used for sustainable agriculture. However, the underlying mechanism of the toxicity of nicosulfuron that is mediated in sweet corn remains elusive. To explore the potential mechanism of GO-mediated nicosulfuron toxicity in sweet corn in this study, we investigated the effects of graphene oxide on nicosulfuron stress in the sweet corn sister inbred lines of H01 and H20. Furthermore, we performed a metabolomics analysis for the H01 and H20 under different treatments. The results showed that nicosulfuron severely affected the rate of survival, physiological parameters, photosynthetic indicators, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of corn seedlings, whereas foliar spraying with graphene oxide promoted the rate of survival under nicosulfuron toxicity. The metabolomics analysis showed that 70 and 90 metabolites differentially accumulated in the H01 and H20 inbred lines under nicosulfuron treatment, respectively. Graphene oxide restored 59 metabolites in the H01 seedlings and 56 metabolites to normal levels in the H20 seedlings, thereby promoting the rate of survival of the sweet corn seedlings. Compared with nicosulfuron treatment alone, graphene oxide resulted in 108 and 66 differential metabolites in the H01 and H20 inbred lines, respectively. A correlation analysis revealed that metabolites, such as doronine and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-hydroxylase-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4-hydroxylase)-1, were significantly correlated with the rate of survival, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Furthermore, metabolites related to the detoxification of graphene oxide were enriched in the flavonoid metabolic pathways. These results collectively indicate that graphene oxide can be used as a regulator of corn growth and provide insights into their use to improve crops in areas that are contaminated with nicosulfuron.
Dynamic molecular regulation of salt stress responses in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings
Authors: Maimaiti Atikaimu , Gu Wei , Yu Diansi , Guan Yuan , Qu Jingtao , Qin Tao , Wang Hui , Ren Jiaojiao , Zheng Hongjian , Wu Penghao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Maize ranks among the most essential crops globally, yet its growth and yield are significantly hindered by salt stress, posing challenges to agricultural productivity. To utilize saline-alkali soils more effectively and enrich maize germplasm resources, identifying salt-tolerant genes in maize is essential.

Methods

In this study, we used a salt-tolerant maize inbred line, SPL02, and a salt-sensitive maize inbred line, Mo17. We treated both lines with 180 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) for 0 days, 3 days, 6 days, and 9 days at the three-leaf growth stage (V3). Through comprehensive morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses, we assessed salt stress effects and identified hub genes and pathways associated with salt tolerance.

Results

Our analysis identified 25,383 expressed genes, with substantial differences in gene expression patterns across the salt treatment stages. We found 8,971 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)—7,111 unique to SPL02 and 4,791 unique to Mo17—indicating dynamic gene expression changes under salt stress. In SPL02, the DEGs are primarily associated with the MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling under salt treatment conditions. In Mo17, salt stress responses are primarily mediated through the abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway and hormone response. Additionally, our weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) pinpointed five hub genes that likely play central roles in mediating salt tolerance. These genes are associated with functions including phosphate import ATP-binding protein, glycosyltransferase, and WRKY transcription factors.

Discussion

This study offers valuable insights into the complex regulatory networks governing the maize response to salt stress and identifies five hub genes and pathways for further investigation. These findings contribute valuable knowledge for enhancing agricultural resilience and sustainability in saline-affected environments.
The fate of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics in maize: impacts on cellular ion fluxes and plant growth
Authors: Bao Shijia , Wang Xi , Zeng Jianxiong , Yue Le , Xiao Zhenggao , Chen Feiran , Wang Zhenyu
Published: February 2025

The widespread application of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) in recent years has resulted in a significant increase in their accumulation in the environment, posing potential threats to ecosystems. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the distribution and transformation of biodegradable MPs in crops due to the utilization of wastewater containing MPs for irrigation and plastic films, which have led to a rising concentration of biodegradable MPs in agricultural soils. The present study analyzed the uptake and transformation of polylactic acid (PLA) MPs in maize. Seed germination and hydroponic experiments were conducted over a period of 5 to 20 days, during which the plants were exposed to PLA MPs at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg L-1. Low concentrations of PLA MPs (1 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1) significantly enhanced maize seed germination rate by 52.6%, increased plant shoot height by 16.6% and 16.9%, respectively, as well as elevated aboveground biomass dry weight by 133.7% and 53.3%, respectively. Importantly, depolymerization of PLA MPs was observed in the nutrient solution, resulting in the formation of small-sized PLA MPs (< 2 μm). Interestingly, further transformation occurred within the xylem sap and apoplast fluid (after 12 h) with a transformation rate reaching 13.1% and 27.2%, respectively. The enhanced plant growth could be attributed to the increase in dissolved organic carbon resulting from the depolymerization of PLA MPs. Additionally, the transformation of PLA MPs mediated pH and increase in K+ flux (57.2%, 72 h), leading to acidification of the cell wall and subsequent cell expansion. Our findings provide evidence regarding the fate of PLA MPs in plants and their interactions with plants, thereby enhancing our understanding of the potential impacts associated with biodegradable plastics.