bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequências textuais em uma tira on-line: critérios analíticos e construção de sentidos
Authors: Marquesi Sueli Cristina , Capistrano Júnior Rivaldo
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we foster a discussion of textual sequences according to the theoretical approach of textual discourse analysis (TDA) and promote a reflection on how these compositional units can subsidize the analysis of an online comic strip by Maurício de Sousa, posted on the Instagram profile @gibi_nostalgia. We intend to answer specifically the following questions: 1) How do the iconic images (described objects) textualize operations of the descriptive and contribute to the construction of a visual narrative? 2) Which textual-discursive functions does the descriptive assume in the construction of meaning(s)? To answer these questions, we remain on level 5 of the analysis, the compositional structure, and focus on the textual sequences and their functions in the textual organization of the selected comic strip. We establish an interface between the TDA (Adam, 2011; 2019) and studies of the descriptive (Marquesi, 2004; 2007; 2017; 2018), of the visual sign (GRUPO µ, 1993) as well as of comics (Acevedo, 1990; Cagnin, 2014; Ramos, 2007; 2009), according to the features and specifications of this genre. The analyses undertaken showed that, with due adaptations, notions of textual sequences are also valid for verbo-visual texts, specifically so for the analyzed comic strip, and they give relevant orientations for the construction of meaning(s).
Efficient Estimation of Climate State and Its Uncertainty Using Kalman Filtering with Application to Policy Thresholds and Volcanism
Authors: Nicklas J. Matthew , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Lawrence Charles
Published: October 2024

We present the energy-balance model–Kalman filter (EBM–KF), a hybrid model projecting and assimilating the global mean surface temperature (GMST) and ocean heat content anomaly (OHCA). It combines an annual energy-balance model (difference equations) with 17 parameters drawn from the literature and a statistical extended Kalman filter assimilating GMST and OHCA, either observed time series or simulated by Earth system models. Our motivation is to create an efficient and natural estimator of the climate state and its uncertainty, which we believe to be Gaussian at a global scale. We illustrate four applications: 1) EBM–KF generates a similar estimate to the 30-yr time-averaged climate state 15 years sooner, or a model-simulated hindcasts’ annual ensemble average, depending on whether volcanic forcing is filtered or not; 2) EBM–KF conveniently assesses annually likelihoods of crossing a policy threshold. For example, based on temperature records up to the end of 2023, p = 0.0017 indicates that the climate state was 1.5°C over preindustrial, but there is a 16% likelihood that the GMST in 2023 itself could have been over that threshold; 3) a variant of the EBM–KF also approximates the spread of an entire climate model large ensemble using only one or a few ensemble members; and 4) all variants of the EBM–KF are sufficiently fast to allow thorough sampling from non-Gaussian probabilistic futures, e.g., the impact of rare but significant volcanic eruptions. This sampling with the EBM–KF better determines how future volcanism may affect when policy thresholds will be crossed and what an ensemble with thousands of members exploring future intermittent volcanism reveals.

Significance Statement

The global average of Earth’s historical climate over the past 150 years can be explained by a thermal/radiation physical equation involving a small number of constants, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, anthropogenic clouds, and volcanic emissions. Global mean surface temperature measurements vary around this climate state within a consistent normal distribution. This physical equation and statistical depiction allowed us to construct a simple model that can rapidly estimate the uncertainty in Earth’s current climate, aid in policy discussions, and provide an alternative for some applications to expensive ensemble modeling.
Does Multisystemic Therapy Change Criminogenic Risk Factors? A 10-Year Study Among Norwegian Youths With and Without Offenses
Authors: Bjørknes Ragnhild , Hukkelberg Silje , Taraldsen Knut , Høstmælingen Andreas Teisner
Published: October 2024

The study investigated outcomes of Multisystemic Therapy (MST), for youths with and without recorded offenses. Over 10 years, 4,103 young people in Norway completed MST, and 5.39% of them had a criminal record. Those with previous offenses had higher scores on most dynamic risk factors. This high-risk group is predominantly boys, below the age of criminal responsibility (15 years) and have substance abuse issues. We observed reductions in risk factors from the beginning to the end of MST for both groups, with the group with offenses showing the most significant improvements. Committing a criminal offense at a young age is strongly associated with later recidivism. This study suggests that MST could disrupt cycles of offending by addressing criminological risk factors.
Unveiling the Concealed Risks: The Influence of Digital Finance on Cyber Financial Crime in China
Authors: Chai Mengran , Wu Lin
Published: October 2024

Digital finance has emerged as a pivotal catalyst for economic growth in China, profoundly altering social structures and behaviors. Despite its benefits, it has also engendered financial risks, thereby complicating social governance. This study utilizes a panel dataset from China’s provinces spanning 2011 to 2021 to analyze the influence of digital finance development on cyber financial crime rates. The results reveal a positive correlation: an increment of one unit in the digital finance index is associated with a 0.058 unit increase in cyber financial crime rates. These findings are robustly supported by tests for endogeneity and robustness. Variations in impact are observed across urbanization levels and average wage brackets. And the study identifies income distribution and traditional financial demand as the mechanisms of the effect. Furthermore, this study presents strategic recommendations to enhance financial inclusion, facilitate income redistribution, strengthen cyber crime governance, and integrate digital and traditional finance for the advancement of financial modernization.
Enhancing Effort-Moderated Item Response Theory Models by Evaluating a Two-Step Estimation Method and Multidimensional Variations on the Model
Authors: Wang Bowen , Huggins-Manley Corinne , Kuang Huan , Xiong Jiawei
Published: October 2024

Rapid-guessing behavior in data can compromise our ability to estimate item and person parameters accurately. Consequently, it is crucial to model data with rapid-guessing patterns in a way that can produce unbiased ability estimates. This study proposes and evaluates three alternative modeling approaches that follow the logic of the effort-moderated item response theory model (EM-IRT) to analyze response data with rapid-guessing responses. One is the two-step EM-IRT model, which utilizes the item parameters estimated by respondents without rapid-guessing behavior and was initially proposed by Rios and Soland without further investigation. The other two models are effort-moderated multidimensional models (EM-MIRT), which we introduce in this study and vary as both between-item and within-item structures. The advantage of the EM-MIRT model is to account for the underlying relationship between rapid-guessing propensity and ability. The three models were compared with the traditional EM-IRT model regarding the accuracy of parameter recovery in various simulated conditions. Results demonstrated that the two-step EM-IRT and between-item EM-MIRT model consistently outperformed the traditional EM-IRT model under various conditions, with the two-step EM-IRT estimation generally delivering the best performance, especially for ability and item difficulty parameters estimation. In addition, different rapid-guessing patterns (i.e., difficulty-based, changing state, and decreasing effort) did not affect the performance of the two-step EM-IRT model. Overall, the findings suggest that the EM-IRT model with the two-step parameter estimation method can be applied in practice for estimating ability in the presence of rapid-guessing responses due to its accuracy and efficiency. The between-item EM-MIRT model can be used as an alternative model when there is no significant mean difference in the ability estimates between examinees who exhibit rapid-guessing behavior and those who do not.
Advancing Resilience in the Face of Adversity: A Psychosocial Exploration of Chimanimani’s Experience With Cyclone Idai and COVID-19
Authors: Matsikure Cheure Memory , Ngcobo-Sithole Magnolia
Published: October 2024

This study explores the psychosocial impact of Cyclone Idai and COVID-19 on vulnerable communities in Chimanimani, Zimbabwe. We aimed to investigate the experiences and perceptions of community members, identify factors influencing resilience, and inform strategies for advancing resilience. Findings reveal a complex interplay of factors affecting resilience, including trauma, economic instability, and social dynamics. We argue for a contextualized approach to promoting resilience, incorporating community-based initiatives, economic empowerment, and policy support. Through Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, the research apprises adversity resilience understanding, highlighting the need for contextualized, theoretically informed strategies considering the interplay between micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono levels.
An Innate Despair: The Philosophical Limitations of Transhumanism and its Misplaced Hope in Human Enhancement
Authors: Corby Paschal M.
Published: October 2024

This paper sets forth some philosophical foundations of the transhumanist project, drawing on its roots in philosophical positivism and its confidence in the liberating power of technology. Such confidence is interpreted within the sphere of hope, departing from transhumanism's negative presumptions regarding the human condition, and embracing its aspirations for a humanity without limits. However, it is the claim of this paper that such hope is deceptive. Since transhumanism is incapable of grasping the depths of the human person, limited by its own philosophical categories, it both underestimates the human capacity for interior transformation and misunderstands the real nature of hope. Thus, transhumanism is marked by a deeply rooted despair that wears the mask of an insufficient hope.
Sacred Meets Synthetic: A Multi-Method Study on the First AI Church Service
Authors: Simmerlein Jonas
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming society, including religious practices and experiences of religious communities. The first large-scale AI church service took place in 2023 in Germany as a Protestant Christian worship event within a biannual religious celebration. Studying this religious service illustrates how AI was developed as a religious agent and provides insights into the experiences of attendees. This research note presents data from a quantitative survey and two qualitative questionnaires of participants conducted at the AI worship service. Findings show diversity of opinion and a range of attendee experiences. By presenting the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis, this research note highlights the possibilities and limitations of incorporating AI into the religious sphere. While most of the responses were skeptical, participants also reported having spiritual experiences. Nevertheless, attendees also reported conflicting feelings regarding experiences of community within an artificial setting. The main concerns were technological limitations, fear of replacing humans, biases in the theology of the underlying large language model, and lack of personality and emotion. Age-based differences include younger attendees finding the AI service more attractive while older attendees found the AI service more stimulating. Implications are drawn for practical theology and AI implementation within religious settings.
Numerical simulation of the movement of the water surface with macroscopic particles during a partial dam break for various complex reliefs
Authors: Issakhov Alibek , Abylkassymova Aizhan , Minnullina Saniya
Published: October 2024

In this paper, it was considered a numerical simulation of the water surface movement during the partial collapse of the destruction of a dam with complex terrain. The numerical simulations took into account debris after a partial collapse of the dam, which imitates debris and moves downstream with the water flow. Carrying out these calculations brings the results closer to the real scenario. The mathematical model was based on the Navier–Stokes equations and uses the turbulent large eddy method (LES) model describing the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid. To describe the movement of a two-phase fluid, the volume of fluid (VOF) methods for the phase were used, and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) and Macroscopic Particle Model (MPM) were used to describe the movement of particles. For the numerical solution of this system of equations, the Pressure Implicit Split Operator (PISO) numerical algorithm was chosen. The results show that the model is accurate and capable of handling very complex interactions such as particle transport or hydrodynamic actions on structures if the appropriate scales are reproduced. Also in this work, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the flow of a dam break on uneven terrain was considered and combined problems were performed that are closer to real conditions. For combined problems, flood zones and flood times were determined, knowledge of which will help evacuate people from dangerous areas. The accuracy of the 3D model and the selected numerical algorithm were verified using two natural measurements.
Towards an ontology of struggle: The Marxist-Humanist theory of social transformation in the work of Raya Dunayevskaya
Authors: Durkin Kieran
Published: October 2024

This article outlines Dunayevskaya’s original but underappreciated contribution to Marxism as a body of theory and practice. Focusing specifically on her Marxist-Humanist ‘ontology of struggle’ in its various dimensions, it draws out her engagement with Marx such that a new, vitalised account of social transformation is elaborated. From her critique of labour and state capitalism to her account of the dual movement between practice and theory, to her attentiveness to the ‘voices from below’ and to the ‘new passions and forces that develop in the bosom of society’, a theory is elaborated that expands the traditional Marxian dialectic to the struggles of racialised groups, women and other minorities. In so doing, it offers a basis from which to re-appraise liberatory politics, and to renew the emancipatory thrust of Marx’s writings.
Contesting the universal claims of Western feminism: Black feminism and reproductive rights in France and the Overseas Departments (1960s–1980s)
Authors: Bracke Maud Anne
Published: October 2024

This article sheds new light on the history of French feminism during the crucial period between the 1960s and 1980s, and it does by so opening up the range of actors as well as the geography and chronology considered. More specifically, it reconsiders the battles for reproductive rights: the liberalisation of contraception in 1967 and of abortion in 1975. Focusing on the perspective of those sitting on the margins of reproductive citizenship and of the standard narratives of the feminist movement – immigrant women and their organisations in France, and civil society groups in the Overseas Departments ( Départements d’Outre-Mer, DOMs) – as well as addressing the distinct reproductive regimes in the DOMs, allows for a reconsideration of French post-war pronatalism, and breaks away from what has long been the standard narrative of Western ‘second-wave feminism’, globalising and de-centring its history.
Self-government, Social Change, and Conflict in Oxchuc, Chiapas: The Long Road of Internal War in an Indigenous Mexican Municipality
Authors: Solís Cruz Jesús , Cosh Pale Manuel
Published: October 2024

During the 2015 post-electoral conflict in the municipality of Oxchuc, Chiapas, came the demand for the election of municipal authorities through its own internal regulatory system. After going through several phases, proponents of change in electoral proceedings obtained legal recognition for Indigenous self-government. This achievement led to an interlude in the long history of political conflict and social change in the municipality. In this article we examine the contemporary history, processes, and recent political developments in the municipality of Oxchuc, which led to institutional recognition of this municipality’s self-government.
Effect of the synergistic interaction of zinc adipate, hydrotalcite and ethylene propylene rubber on the performances of polypropylene
Authors: Zhao Yaqin , Kou Jixiong , Shen Liang , Zhao Haoning , Chen Zhenbin
Published: October 2024

Polypropylene (PP) is widely used in a range of areas due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, but its low-temperature brittleness and low-impact resistance largely limits its application. Hence, this study investigated the changes in mechanical and thermal properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) modified by the addition of the β-nucleating agent zinc adipate (ZnAA), the inorganic rigid particle hydrotalcite (HT), and the rubber elastomer bipropylene rubber (EPR). The structure and properties of modified PP were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electronic universal material testing machine, and simple-beam impact testing machine. At last, the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP was investigated by the Caze method. It was found that with the addition of EPR reached 30 wt%, the notched impact strength of iPP was 34.74 kJ/m2, which was 542.43 % higher than that of pure iPP, and more than twice as high as that of ZnAA and HT modification, and the relative crystallinity ( K β) value of the β-crystalline form reached 79.66 % when 10 wt% EPR was added to the iPP. The addition of ZnAA, HT and EPR could significantly increase the crystallisation peak temperature ( T c), shorten the half-crystallisation time ( t 1/2) and increase the crystallisation activation energy ( ΔE) of iPP.
Adaptive visual servoing control for uncalibrated robot manipulator with uncertain dead-zone constraint
Authors: Ma YA-Jun , Zhao Hui , Li Tao
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the adaptive visual tracking control problem of an uncalibrated camera robot system with unknown dead-zone inputs. The uncertainties include camera extrinsic and intrinsic parameters, robot dynamic parameters, and feature depth parameters. The control achieves a better performance by establishing a smooth inverse model of the dead-zone input, which eliminates the nonlinear effect of the actuator constraint. A novel adaptive control scheme is presented which does not require a priori knowledge of the parameter intervals of dead-zone model, to update the parameter values online. Furthermore, adaptive laws are provided to estimate the uncertainties that exist both in robot and in camera models. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the singularity of the image Jacobian matrix, a projection algorithm is also introduced. Subsequently, a novel robust adaptive controller together with dead-zone compensation is established so that the tracking error image space converges to the origin. Simulations and experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Upper Esophageal Fetal Rhabdomyoma: A Case Series of 4 Children and Review of Literature
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Meng Yiran , Li Yanzhen , Zhang Xuexi , Liu Qiaoyin , Sun Nian , Ji Tingting , Li Xiaodan , Liu Yuwei , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aims of the present study were to provide objective evidence for identifying fetal rhabdomyoma (RM) in the upper esophagus of children, enhance clinical understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, and optimize the treatment strategy for fetal RM. Methods: The clinical medical records of 4 children with upper esophageal fetal RM were retrospectively collected, and were admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery at our hospital between July 2016 and July 2022. Their clinical, histological, and therapeutic characteristics were analyzed in combination with the literature. Results: Four children diagnosed with upper esophageal tumors were included and all of them underwent resection of the upper esophageal tumor with esophageal-pharyngeal reconstruction, and 2 of them underwent prophylactic tracheotomy due to recurrent laryngeal nerve adhesion. Preoperative biopsy was performed in 2 cases (case 2 and case 4), while intraoperative frozen section analysis was conducted in the other 2 (case 1 and case 3), with pathological results consistent with fetal RM. Patients were followed up for 25 to 96 months after the surgery. So far, only 1 patient has experienced a recurrence of fetal RM and underwent a second surgical resection to remove the tumor. Conclusion: Fetal RM is a benign tumor prone to recurrence, and complete excision is the preferred optimal treatment. Clinicians need to understand and master the management algorithm for fetal RM to standardize its diagnosis and treatment.
Infrastructuring Readability: Framing and Overflowing in Writing Assistant Software for Biomedical Research Informed Consent Forms
Authors: Riom Loïc , Gouilhers Solène , Burton-Jeangros Claudine
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the development process of a software solution designed to assist researchers in writing biomedical research–informed consent forms. Funded by a Swiss ethics committee, the purpose of the software is to enhance the readability of such documents to improve biomedical research participants’ understanding of the information disclosed therein and to reduce the editing work of research ethics committees. Drawing on an embedded ethnographic research, we show how concerns that emerge in ethics reviews shape ethics committee IT infrastructure and how, in turn, this infrastructure contributes to redefining research ethics. We demonstrate that while the software reinforces the biomedical framing of research ethics, it also generates unexpected overflows. By forming new collectives, this infrastructuring process furthers expertise on informed consent forms while giving rise to new areas of inquiry and redefining the issue of readability in biomedical research. Thus, we provide insights into the complex entanglements between research ethic, computer programs, and writing practices. We conclude by reflecting on the role played by our research team during the software's development and outline proposals on how ethnographic methods can contribute to make research ethics review accountable.
AI anxiety and fear: A look at perspectives of information science students and professionals towards artificial intelligence
Authors: Lund Brady D , Mannuru Nishith Reddy , Agbaji Daniel
Published: October 2024

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within society and the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), has ignited a spectrum of emotions in society, ranging from enthusiasm to anxiety. This study investigates the depths of AI anxiety and fear among a population of information science students and professionals. Utilising a survey of over 200 current students and professionals, this study explores the connections between age, gender identity, ethnicity, geographic location, educational attainment and residence, and the levels of anxiety and fear associated with AI and the 4IR. The findings reveal nuanced relationships, with age, ethnicity, academic achievement and regional context serving as critical differentiators in 4IR and AI anxiety within this population. Students and professionals alike may benefit from seeking further education about this emerging technology.
MeSHelper: Predicting the evolution of Medical Subject Headings based on knowledge graph dynamics
Authors: Yang Jinqing , Huang Yong , Liu Zhifeng
Published: October 2024

The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus is a controlled vocabulary widely used in biomedical knowledge systems. We propose a novel framework, termed MeSHelper, that employs a dynamic knowledge graph to predict whether the MeSH main headings (MHs) will evolve while also predicting their corresponding revision type. We parsed the whole PubMed database and all MeSH releases to construct a dynamic semantic tree (DST) and a dynamic knowledge network (DKN) to characterise the evolutionary patterns of MHs and create prediction models. Our results show that DST-related features play a major role in predicting whether the MHs will be revised. Our prediction performance achieved an F1 score of 92.07%. Both DST- and DKN-related features play a crucial role in predicting which types of MHs will evolve. The prediction performance achieved a Macro-F1 score of 72.15%, a Micro-F1 score of 84.09% and a Weighted-F1 score of 84.55%. The findings of this work aid both in constructing an automatic update model for domain thesauruses and in detecting evolutionary trends of the domain knowledge system.
The effects of peer-assisted learning on rhythmic and melodic sight-reading in a middle school chorus
Authors: Graham Marie F
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways that children engage in collaborative processes with adults and their peers in music sight-reading skill acquisition in a middle school chorus in the Southeastern United States. Intact groups of sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade choruses were assessed on melodic and rhythmic sight-reading using a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest non-equivalent control group design. The instruments to evaluate melodic and rhythmic sight-reading included an adapted version of the Vocal Sight-Reading Inventory and a researcher-developed Rhythmic Skills Hierarchy. A comparison of the effectiveness of three learning models on rhythmic and melodic sight-reading achievement occurred: teacher-only and two types of peer-assisted learning. Three Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) compared differences between groups on adjusted posttest scores. There were significant differences between the teacher-only (T-O) and the symmetrical peer-assisted learning (SPAL) groups when compared to the asymmetrical peer-assisted learning group (APAL). The T-O and SPAL treatment types were effective learning models for melodic sight-reading achievement but with nonsignificant results on rhythmic sight-reading. Symmetrical peer-assisted learning strategies are a suggested practice as a complement to teacher-directed instruction.
Tensile and shear behavior of recycled AA 6060 aluminium chips by direct hot extrusion
Authors: Corre Thomas , Perrin Jason , Gebhard Johannes , Duchateau Théo , Lilensten Lola , Laurent-Brocq Mathilde , Tekkaya A. Erman , Huneau Bertrand
Published: October 2024

Solid state recycling of aluminium chips is a promising technique to reduce environmental impacts of secondary production. As the recycling process induces a highly oriented microstructure, this study aims to quantify the mechanical properties of extrudates and identify the role of chip boundaries in the fracture behavior. Tensile and shear tests are performed on heat treated AA 6060 alloy and analyzed using digital image correlation. The tensile behavior of the chip-based material is similar to its cast-based counterpart, reaching a yield strength of 230 MPa. Shear properties are close for small deformations, although the chip-based material have lower ductility due to the early onset of damage at the chip boundary. These results confirm the industrial relevance of this process for large scale recycling of aluminium.
Preparing robust superhydrophobic porous coatings on rough substrates
Authors: Tan Xianhua , Wang Hongtian , Lin Y.C. , He Daoguang
Published: October 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted wide attention due to their excellent waterproof performance. However, the micro-nano structural superhydrophobic surfaces are always fragile due to the poor mechanical stability. We demonstrate robust superhydrophobic surfaces with fine mechanical stability by spraying superhydrophobic coatings on rough substrates. Compared with the superhydrophobic coatings on smooth substrates (SCSS), the superhydrophobic coatings on rough substrates (SCRS) exhibit better mechanical durability because that the microstructures of the rough substrates can effectively protect superhydrophobic coatings from being destroyed under external force. The water contact angles (WCAs) of the SCRSs maintain at 152.1° ± 1.2° after 100 g sand scouring and at 139.5° ± 3.1° after 1000 g sand scouring, while the corresponding WCAs of the SCSSs will drop to 131.8° ± 2.2° and 102.6° ± 5.8°, respectively. Meanwhile, the influence of spraying process parameters on coating morphology, thickness, hydrophobicity and durability has been studied. The ratio of TiO2 and ethyl cellulose in the coatings has been optimized, and the effects of the surface average roughness (Ra) and the coating thickness on the durability of the SCRSs have been studied. The SCRSs possess the best durability when the coating thickness is around 2/3 of the Ra of the substrate surface. The Ra of the substrate surface is fixed at 15.3μm, the durability of the SCRSs increases with the coating thickness at first. As the coating thickness exceeds 2/3 of the substrate Ra, the durability of the SCRSs decreases gradually if the coating thickness increases further. The conclusion is also verified by the SCRSs with aluminum alloys substrates under different Ra. Our work provides a feasible approach for the fabrication of robust superhydrophobic surfaces with excellent durability.
A survey of communicating robot learning during human-robot interaction
Authors: Habibian Soheil , Alvarez Valdivia Antonio , Blumenschein Laura H. , Losey Dylan P.
Published: October 2024

For robots to seamlessly interact with humans, we first need to make sure that humans and robots understand one another. Diverse algorithms have been developed to enable robots to learn from humans (i.e., transferring information from humans to robots). In parallel, visual, haptic, and auditory communication interfaces have been designed to convey the robot’s internal state to the human (i.e., transferring information from robots to humans). Prior research often separates these two directions of information transfer, and focuses primarily on either learning algorithms or communication interfaces. By contrast, in this survey we take an interdisciplinary approach to identify common themes and emerging trends that close the loop between learning and communication. Specifically, we survey state-of-the-art methods and outcomes for communicating a robot’s learning back to the human teacher during human-robot interaction. This discussion connects human-in-the-loop learning methods and explainable robot learning with multimodal feedback systems and measures of human-robot interaction. We find that—when learning and communication are developed together—the resulting closed-loop system can lead to improved human teaching, increased human trust, and human-robot co-adaptation. The paper includes a perspective on several of the interdisciplinary research themes and open questions that could advance how future robots communicate their learning to everyday operators. Finally, we implement a selection of the reviewed methods in a case study where participants kinesthetically teach a robot arm. This case study documents and tests an integrated approach for learning in ways that can be communicated, conveying this learning across multimodal interfaces, and measuring the resulting changes in human and robot behavior.
Embodiment of emotions in adolescents’ musical expression
Authors: Saarikallio Suvi , Burger Birgitta , Luck Geoffrey
Published: October 2024

Music has been actively studied from the perspectives of emotional expression and body movement, but not during adolescence. The current study addressed music as a forum for adolescent embodied emotion expression. Based on prior research, we hypothesised that adolescents would be able to differentiate between emotions in their music-related expressive body movements based on valence and arousal characteristics. Participants ( N = 60, 17 male, mean age 14.72 years) played djembe to express five basic emotions (happiness, tenderness, sadness, anger, fear) while body movements were motion captured. Correlations of movement features with emotion-regulation tendencies, as measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), were additionally explored. Adolescents demonstrated great capacity to use all measured movement features to express emotions: movement speed, variance, area and length all differed significantly between emotions. In particular, the results confirm the hypothesised connection of high arousal to high speed and acceleration and further suggest that positive valence relates to wider area and longer performance. In addition, adolescents scoring high on cognitive reappraisal gave faster and more stable performances. We discuss creative body movement as part of youth emotional development.
Categorical misalignment: Making autism(s) in big data biobanking
Authors: Metcalf Kathryne
Published: October 2024

The opaque relationship between biology and behavior is an intractable problem for psychiatry, and it increasingly challenges longstanding diagnostic categorizations. While various big data sciences have been repeatedly deployed as potential solutions, they have so far complicated more than they have managed to disentangle. Attending to categorical misalignment, this article proposes one reason why this is the case: Datasets have to instantiate clinical categories in order to make biological sense of them, and they do so in different ways. Here, I use mixed methods to examine the role of the reuse of big data in recent genomic research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). I show how divergent regimes of psychiatric categorization are innately encoded within commonly used datasets from MSSNG and 23andMe, contributing to a rippling disjuncture in the accounts of autism that this body of research has produced. Beyond the specific complications this dynamic introduces for the category of autism, this paper argues for the necessity of critical attention to the role of dataset reuse and recombination across human genomics and beyond.
Change in Clinical Risk Factors During Stay and Treatment in a Penitentiary Psychiatric Center
Authors: Slootmaker Jennifer , van Koppen M. Vere , Harte Joke M.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the changes in clinical risk factors among individuals treated in Dutch Penitentiary Psychiatric Centers (PPCs). Using data from 874 patients with diverse psychiatric disorders, clinical risk factors were assessed at admission and discharge. Slight but significant improvements were observed in most risk factors, particularly psychotic symptoms, over an average stay of approximately 6 months. Patients with psychotic or substance use disorders showed the most improvement, while those with mood, personality, or developmental disorders showed minimal change. The study highlights the positive impact of PPCs’ structured, secure environment and specialized treatment, especially for psychotic disorders. It also underscores the complexity of treating patients with high rates of comorbidity. The findings suggest that the duration of stay does not significantly predict the improvement in most clinical risk factors. Future research should explore specific diagnostic clusters and their impact on treatment outcomes in PPCs.
The Influence of Kinesiophobia and Pain Catastrophizing on Disease-Specific Quality of Life in Patients With Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability
Authors: Hiemstra Laurie A. , Lafave Mark R. , Bentrim Allegra , Kerslake Sarah
Published: October 2024

Background:

The Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument 2.0 (BPII 2.0) is a disease-specific, quality of life patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that is valid and reliable in patients with recurrent lateral patellofemoral instability (LPI). Quality of life encompasses the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of patient functioning and recovery.

Purposes:

To concurrently validate the BPII 2.0 to the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) in patients presenting with recurrent LPI and to assess baseline values for the PROMs in patients with LPI.

Study Design:

Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 107 consecutive patients with recurrent LPI were assessed between January and October 2021. Patients completed the BPII 2.0, TSK-11, PCS, and ACL-RSI. A Pearson r correlation coefficient was employed to examine relationships between the PROMs. Baseline values, as well as floor and ceiling effects and Cronbach alpha, were assessed for all PROMs.

Results:

All 107 patients completed the 4 PROMs. Patients included 28 men (26.2%) and 79 women (73.8%), with a mean (SD) age of 25.7 (9.8) years. The mean (SD) age at first dislocation was 14.8 (6.3) years. The TSK-11, PCS, and ACL-RSI were all statistically significantly correlated with the BPII 2.0 ( P < .01; 2-tailed), with moderate correlations ( r = -0.361-0.628) The R2 values indicated an overlap of the constructs measured by the PROMs.

Conclusion:

A statistically significant correlation was evident between the BPII 2.0 and the other PROMs. The BPII 2.0 does not explicitly measure kinesiophobia or pain catastrophizing; however, the significant statistical relationship of the TSK-11 and PCS to the BPII 2.0 suggests that this information is being captured and reflected.
Intellectual Monopoly and Income Inequality in the United States, 1948–2021: A Long-Run Analysis
Authors: Rotta Tomás N.
Published: October 2024

Proponents of intellectual property claim that it fosters innovation and benefits companies and workers by increasing long-run growth. A growing body of literature challenges these claims by arguing that the cumulative nature of intellectual monopoly amplifies asymmetries between winners and losers. Intellectual monopolies pose disadvantages for countries, firms, consumers, and workers who struggle to maintain a leading position. Using data at the aggregate level from 1948 to 2021 in the United States, this article estimates the long-run effects of proprietary knowledge accumulation on income shares and tests the hypothesis that intellectual monopoly amplifies income inequality. The empirical evidence shows that companies in the United States transferred to wages a significant share of their profits from intellectual property. But these transfers have widened income inequality by benefiting the top 10 and top 25 percent, to the detriment of lower income brackets. Intellectual property alone can explain 23 percent of the increase in the income share of the top 10 percent in the 1948–2021 period.

JEL Classification: O34, E25, C22
“We don’t believe in [the] Coronavirus; we believe in Allah. Whatever happens, it happens from Allah”: Pakistani media’s response to countering conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Naz Madeeha , Marwan Amir Hamza
Published: October 2024

This study examines the coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic by the four leading newspapers of Pakistan—Dawn, The News, Daily Times and The Nation—when they were responsible for informing and educating the public during a health crisis hit by conspiracy theories. The researchers utilized content analysis to analyze 1,124 news stories. The findings reveal less emphasis was placed on scientifically investigating the causes, precautions and care of coronavirus and dispelling public misconceptions.
The Proximal Association Between Cyber and In-Person IPV Among College Students
Authors: Brem Meagan J. , Tobar-Santamaria Allison , Shaw T. J. , Mongan Lindsay
Published: October 2024

Although some evidence suggests that cyber intimate partner violence (IPV) may increase the risk of in-person IPV, some have suggested that cyber IPV may circumvent in-person IPV. To address these mixed hypotheses, the present study tested the hypothesis that cyber IPV perpetration and victimization would associate with greater odds of same and next-day psychological, physical, and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization among college students. College students ( N = 236; 73.73% cisgender women) in dating relationships completed a baseline questionnaire to assess demographic characteristics and past-year cyber, psychological, physical, and sexual IPV. Following baseline assessments, participants completed 60 consecutive days of surveys on cyber, psychological, physical, and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization (71.67% compliance). Hypotheses were partially supported. Cyber IPV perpetration positively associated with odds of same-day psychological IPV perpetration (aOR = 2.46, p = .02) and next-day sexual IPV perpetration (aOR = 3.32, p < .001). Cyber IPV victimization positively associated with odds of same-day psychological IPV victimization (aOR = 5.20, p = .00). Results demonstrate that college students experience IPV both online and in-person within a single day. Cyber IPV may be a targetable antecedent to in-person sexual and psychological IPV. Future research is needed to evaluate the impact of same- and next-day polyvictimization, bidirectional cyber and in-person IPV, and the effectiveness of targeting cyber IPV prevention programming among college students.
Reproductive Coercion: Prevalence and Risk Factors Related to Relationship Health Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Brar Pooja , Stallings Audrey
Published: October 2024

Reproductive coercion is any behavior that limits a person’s reproductive decision-making and can lead to negative health and safety outcomes. Previous research has explored reproductive coercion prevalence rates in clinical samples, as well as demographic risk factors for experiencing reproductive coercion. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence rates of two specific forms of reproductive coercion, pregnancy coercion and condom manipulation, in an ethnically and racially diverse sample of young females. We also explore the association between relationship health knowledge and skills with reproductive coercion. We used a sample of 143 females with previous sexual activity. Participants were diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and family immigration status. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to determine prevalence rates of pregnancy coercion and condom manipulation and the likelihood of experiencing reproductive coercion based on participants’ knowledge and skills related to relationship health. Results revealed that 16.1% of the sample had experienced reproductive coercion, with all participants in this group reporting lifetime experiences of pregnancy coercion. Lifetime experiences of condom manipulation were reported by 6.3% of the sample. The most common form of reproductive coercion experienced by participants was being told by a partner not to use any birth control. Furthermore, results indicate that higher relationship health knowledge may be a protective factor for pregnancy coercion and condom manipulation. Likewise, higher decision-making skills in relationships and higher confidence in relationships may also protect against condom manipulation. Results from this study suggest implications for sexual and relationship health programming that expands education around consent, choice, decision-making, and communication around the use of contraception.
Optimization through combined compromise solution and weight determination through SHANNON-ENTROPY for multi criteria decision making in tribological testing of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene nano-composite in SBF environment and compression testing with it’s invitro analysis
Authors: Srivastava Parijat , Singh Vinay Pratap
Published: October 2024

Aluminium oxide and graphene reinforced with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites offer significant potential for prosthetic and implant applications due to their unique combination of properties. In this article, a series of aluminium oxide and graphene reinforced with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites were successfully fabricated through compression moulding. The average hardness of all the composites was observed to be higher than the UHMWPE (6.1 Hv). Composite U-15A-5 G was found to be the hardest with hardness of 10.5 Hv owing to strong bond between Al2O3 and UHMWPE. The compression strength of the U-15A-5 G material was about 81.936 MPa, which is 40.9% better than the pure UHMWPE. The compression modulus was about 330 MPa which is 22.2% higher than neat UHMWPE. Composite samples were tribo tested under simulated body fluid (SBF) lubricating environment. Using combined entropy-COCOSO method it was found that 50 mm/s speed, 200N load and 5% graphene are the optimum tribological parameters. with Cof of 0.04 and wear rate of 4.8745*10−4 mm3/Nm. Microstructure analysis indicated that long-range structured lamellar structures and microfibers were created between the crystals with the assistance of graphene layers. Apatite layer was also found on the sample. The apatite layer included phosphate and carbonate ions, which is good for in vitro bioactivity on polymeric films. This composite is a good candidate for prosthetics and implant components.
Communion-Aloneness in Teaching-Learning: A Humanbecoming Perspective
Authors: Yancey Nan Russell
Published: October 2024

In this column, the paradoxical notion of communion-aloneness is considered in the unending journey of teaching-learning. With insights from Hemingway and personal experiences of teaching-learning, the humanbecoming teaching-learning model provided a rich foundation for exploring the all-at-once nature of communion-aloneness in teaching-learning.
The US Census, the MENA Campaign, and Classification Struggles: Neoliberal Distribution of Pride, Fear, and Deception
Authors: Khoshneviss Hadi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I explore the history of the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) campaign, which aims to extract Southwest Asian and North Africa populations from the white legal category on the US Census. I use Bourdieu’s classification struggles and theory of field to make sense of different approaches to this campaign. The data presented in the paper are gathered from 65 qualitative interviews with activists and citizens with Southwest Asian and North African backgrounds. The data manifest that although all participants unanimously reject the relevance of their current legal white racial category, they have divergent reasons for their support, or lack thereof, for the campaign, all of which are different from the advocacy organizations’ framing of it. I draw on these variant perspectives to investigate the classification struggles between different actors at different levels and examine how these actors meet in the field and pursue their goals.