bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and a Just Transition to the Future of Work
Authors: Park Stephen Kim , Bishara Norman D.
Published: November 2023

Rapidly growing concerns about the adverse effects of climate change are prompting a re‐thinking of how companies view their strategies and operations and spurring legal and regulatory responses around the world. The overarching objective of these efforts is to facilitate and accelerate the transition to a more sustainable economy. The green transition will have substantial distributional and structural implications for workers and the workplace across companies and economic sectors. Indeed, the future of work will be significantly shaped by climate change. However, relatively scant scholarly attention has been devoted to the forward‐looking legal implications of climate change for work. Similarly, legal scholars writing on climate change have largely neglected the laws governing employment. This article seeks to help fill that gap. How can companies, workers, and society respond to the green transition in a manner that enables better jobs, a safe and stable workplace, and more resilient companies? To answer this question, this article draws on the theory of just transition, which is rooted in environmental justice and labor rights. We offer an interpretation and application of just transition that expands its scope to serve as a blueprint for ethical business conduct and legal reform to improve the world of work and the lives of workers.
Privacy Self‐Management: A Strategy to Protect Worker Privacy from Excessive Employer Surveillance in Light of Scant Legal Protections
Authors: Sprague Robert
Published: November 2023

This article examines current and future trends in worker surveillance. It also examines the various, though minimal, legal protections workers have against extensive work‐related monitoring. With no meaningful legal protections against excessive work‐related surveillance, employees are arguably taking matters into their own hands by engaging in deviant behaviors that attempt to thwart surveillance efforts. Factoring in the ethical and managerial dimensions of a workforce under constant and excessive surveillance, this article examines a way forward for workers to engage in self‐managed privacy, potentially leading to a less intrusive, but still productive, work environment.
Characterization of the maternal serum inflammatory profile during pregnancy according to socioeconomic status
Authors: Poliektov Natalie E. , Forrest Alexandra D. , Easley Kirk A. , Smith Alicia K. , Dunlop Anne L. , Badell Martina L. , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Dude Carolynn M.
Published: November 2023

Problem

In pregnancy, lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with adverse outcomes, which is partly attributed to chronic inflammation. Our study compared the maternal serum cytokine profiles in patients with low and high SES.

Method of Study

This retrospective cohort study compared maternal serum cytokine profiles between Medicaid‐insured patients who delivered at an urban safety‐net hospital (low SES) and privately‐insured patients who delivered at a community‐based academic hospital (high SES) in Atlanta, GA (n = 32–33/group). Serum samples were obtained during prenatal venipuncture from 13 to 38 weeks' gestation and the cohorts were matched by gestational age. Interferon (IFN)‐γ, Interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)‐α were assayed from maternal serum samples using a standard ELISA assay.

Results

Median concentrations of IL‐6, a promotor of chronic inflammation, were higher in the low SES group (0.85 vs. 0.49 pg/mL, p < .001), while median levels of IL‐1β, a potent monocyte activator, and TNF‐α, a master regulator of acute inflammation, were lower in the low SES group (0.09 vs. 0.46 pg/mL, p < .001, and 1.23 vs. 1.58 pg/mL, p = .002, respectively) as compared to the high SES group. After adjusting for maternal age, obesity, hypertensive disorders, and gestational age at delivery, the differences in IL‐6 and IL‐1β by SES persisted (p = .0002 and p < .0001, respectively).

Conclusions

In this retrospective cohort study, there were significant differences in levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines during pregnancy for groups defined by SES, even after adjustment for confounding variables. Our data are foundational for further research to investigate SES‐associated inflammation that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Peri‐operative decisions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation among adults as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Nolan J. P. , Soar J. , Kane A. D. , Moppett I. K. , Armstrong R. A. , Kursumovic E. , Cook T. M.
Published: November 2023

Current guidance recommends that, in most circumstances, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be attempted when cardiac arrest occurs during anaesthesia, and when a patient has a pre‐existing ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ recommendation, this should be suspended. How this guidance is translated into everyday clinical practice in the UK is currently unknown. Here, as part of the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, we have: assessed the rates of pre‐operative ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ recommendations via an activity survey of all cases undertaken by anaesthetists over four days in each participating site; and analysed our one‐year case registry of peri‐operative cardiac arrests to understand the rates of cardiac arrest in patients who had ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ decisions pre‐operatively. In the activity survey, among 20,717 adults (aged > 18 y) undergoing surgery, 595 (3%) had a ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ recommendation pre‐operatively, of which less than a third (175, 29%) were suspended. Of the 881 peri‐operative cardiac arrest reports, 54 (6%) patients had a ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ recommendation made pre‐operatively and of these 38 (70%) had a clinical frailty scale score ≥ 5. Just under half (25, 46%) of these ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ recommendations were formally suspended at the time of anaesthesia and surgery. One in five of these patients with a ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ recommendation who had a cardiac arrest survived to leave hospital and of the seven patients with documented modified Rankin Scale scores before and after cardiac arrest, four remained the same and three had worse scores. Very few patients who had a pre‐existing ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ recommendation had a peri‐operative cardiac arrest, and when cardiac arrest did occur, return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 57%, although > 50% of these patients subsequently died before discharge from hospital.
Editorial: Assessing advanced fibrosis in metabolic‐associated steatotic liver disease—TheMAFLDfibrosis score
Authors: Sharpton Suzanne
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Cheung et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17722andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17774
Letter: Histological changes among asymptomatic chronic HBV carriers with normal alanine aminotransferase levels
Authors: Kountouras Jannis , Kazakos Evangelos , Gatopoulou Anthia , Polyzos Stergios A. , Touloumtzi Maria , Kyrailidi Foteini , Mouratidou Maria C. , Stogianni Aggeliki , Vardaka Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Li et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17718 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17784
An unusual presentation of a rare formation of the common hepatic duct and right hepatic artery in a case of pediatric congenital biliary dilatation
Authors: Masuya Ryuta , Nakame Kazuhiko , Kai Kengo , Tsuchimochi Yuki , Hamada Takeomi , Imamura Naoya , Hiyoshi Masahide , Nanashima Atsushi , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: November 2023

A 15‐year‐old girl with recurrent upper abdominal pain was diagnosed with congenital biliary dilatation. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed the anterior segmental branch of the right hepatic artery (RHA) running across the ventral aspect of the dilated common hepatic duct (CHD). Laparoscopic extrahepatic dilated biliary duct excision and Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy were planned. Intraoperatively, the dilated CHD was observed to bifurcate into the ventral and dorsal ducts, between which the anterior segmental branch of the RHA crossed through the CHD. The CHD rejoined on the distal side as one duct. We transected the CHD just above the cystic duct. The patency of the ventral and dorsal sides of the bifurcated CHD was confirmed. Laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy was performed at the distal side of the rejoined CHD, without sacrificing the anterior segmental branch of the RHA. There was no postoperative blood flow impairment in the right hepatic lobe or anastomotic stenosis.
A randomized clinical trial of phycogenic materials for sinus grafting with hydroxyapatite versus biphasic calcium phosphate: 2 years clinical outcomes
Authors: Sokolowski Alwin , Theisen Kerstin , Arefnia Behrouz , Payer Michael , Lorenzoni Martin , Sokolowski Armin
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To assess in a prospective randomized trial two phycogenic bone substitutes—biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) versus almost pure hydroxyapatite (HA)—for their volume stability and clinical implications after sinus floor elevation (SFE).

Materials and Methods

Twenty patients requiring lateral‐window SFE 6 months prior to implant surgery were randomized to a BCP or HA group. As primary outcome, the grafts were analyzed for volume stability, using four cone‐beam computed tomography scans obtained immediately/6/12/24 months after SFE. Secondary outcomes were implant survivval, success, periotest values, oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHIP‐G14), and pain (VAS).

Results

Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness‐of‐fit test revealed normal distribution of samples (p = .200). At 6/12/24 months, the augmented volumes decreased to 96/92/90% (HA) or 99/96/96% (BCP). Volume changes were significantly a factor of time (p < .001; generalized linear model with repeated measures) and reached significantly lower values in HA group (p = .018). Significant intergroup difference in volume losses was notable at 24 months (p = .021; t‐test for independent samples). Periotest values decreased from −3/−4.1 (HA/BCP) after implant placement to −6.3/−4.5 (HA/BCP) after 6 months. OHIP scores diverged at 2 months (HA: 9.5; BCP: 5.2) and largely resolved by 24 months (HA: 1.3; BCP: 1.9). VAS scores were comparable, 2.2 at 1 week after SFE being their highest mean level.

Conclusions

After 2 years, both groups experienced no biological or technical complications, demonstrating a consistent healing trajectory without notable symptoms. Although no significant differences were observed in implant stability and survival, BCP demonstrated higher volume stability than HA.
Nurturing Power Partnerships on the innovation journey
Authors: Flagiello Caroline
Published: November 2023

This IDEO project lead offers five ways to nurture the kinds of partnerships that allow both sides to stretch into new areas of innovation and success.

“Client and consultant” become “partners” when they learn to push each other to the outer bounds of opportunity.
Q&A
Authors: Heller Cheryl , Amatullo Mariana , Barnum Jeff , Ogbu Liz , Tonkinwise Cameron
Published: November 2023

As the founding chair of the first MFA program in design for social innovation, this educator hopes to encourage the many people who want to work at a strategic level using design to solve humanity's major challenges.

Amatullo has built a career by encouraging designers and social innovators to use empathy, connect multiple perspectives, and tolerate ambiguity as a secret weapon in solving humanity's most complex problems.

Having grown up in the arts, this social innovation strategist wants to apply the creative process to systemic social change.

This strategist for social change has done everything from designing shelters for immigrant day laborers in the US to providing sanitation for low‐income Kenyans.

Now teaching at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Design, this champion of sustainability in design and design strategy has plenty to say about social transformation and its role in disruptive innovation.
A little on the nose: A mosquito targets the nostrils of tree frogs for a blood meal
Authors: Gould John , Valdez Jose W.
Published: November 2023

As the females of most mosquitoes require a blood meal to provision their eggs, they can be a vector of parasites and pathogens that have profound impacts on both animal and human populations. Understanding the interactions between mosquitoes and their hosts, including animal and feeding site preferences, could thus provide valuable insights into disease transmission. In this study, we present a highly specific feeding strategy observed in a mosquito from Australia (Mimomyia elegans). Over 3 years of fieldwork, we found this mosquito feeding exclusively on the nostrils when using several amphibian species as hosts. Mosquitoes were observed initially landing on the backs of hosts before walking towards the nostrils, potentially minimizing detection and mitigating the risk of predation or defensive responses. This remarkable level of feeding site specificity suggests strong selection pressures that are causing the nostril to be the optimal location for blood extraction on amphibians. Possible explanations include the presence of thinner, more accessible skin tissue or enhanced vascular properties in the nostril region. Understanding mosquito host preferences, points of contact and feeding site specificity could provide valuable insights into disease transmission among amphibians, as mosquitoes have been identified as potential vectors of pathogens like the amphibian chytrid fungus.
A synthesis of the diversity of freshwater fish migrations in the Amazon basin
Authors: Herrera‐R Guido A. , Heilpern Sebastian A. , Couto Thiago B. A. , Victoria‐Lacy Lulu , Duponchelle Fabrice , Correa Sandra B. , Farah‐Pérez Aldo , López‐Casas Silvia , Cañas‐Alva Carlos M. , Doria Carolina R. C. , Anderson Elizabeth P.
Published: November 2023

In the Amazon, the world's largest river basin, migrations within freshwater habitats are one of the predominant life history strategies for fishes. The flood pulse and the extensive river network provide aquatic organisms with temporal and spatial accessibility to a mosaic of freshwater habitats. Although migratory fish species are central to freshwater ecosystems and fisheries, the knowledge of species and migratory patterns has traditionally relied on anecdotal and scattered information, lacking a unifying methodological and conceptual framework. We quantitatively synthesize the evidence about this biological phenomenom in the Amazon basin through a systematic literature review. We constructed a reference database of migratory events in the Amazon basin, including species, life stages, purposes, direction, habitats and subbasins. We found that 223 species were documented in 90 references as performing migrations distributed across eight orders and 31 families. Migration is a conserved trait in the evolutionary history of Amazonian fish fauna, suggesting that ~41% of migratory species are likely unreported. We noted a geographical bias in the report of migratory events towards 13 of the 27 major subbasins of the Amazon. We found a significant association between the hydrological timing at the beginning and end of migrations across species, including reproduction as the most commonly reported purpose. However, most species lack the application of robust methods (e.g. telemetry, otolith microchemistry) to classify them as migratory, relying upon secondary sources of information (i.e. reviews or species checklists). Further, we discuss future opportunities and challenges to continue the study of fish migrations in the Amazon basin.
Gender inclusion and family science: Perspectives of undergraduate males on family science
Authors: Langlais Michael R. , Looz Ariana , Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Walker Anthony
Published: November 2023

Objective

The current study extends research on the lack of male enrollment in undergraduate family science courses by examining the perspectives of male students who have never enrolled in these courses.

Background

Although interpersonal and family relationships include all genders, the majority of undergraduate family science courses are primarily comprised of female students.

Method

One hundred ten male undergraduate students from two universities answered open‐ended questions regarding why they had not enrolled in an undergraduate family science course.

Results

Qualitative results revealed three themes: institutional constraints, gender stereotypes and gendered field of study, and lack of interest.

Conclusion

The qualitative information provided by students is reflective of other studies examining gendered experiences in undergraduate settings but contradict some of the tenets of social role theory.

Implications

These results infer practical suggestions to promote male enrollment in undergraduate family science courses.
The impact of monolingual language policies on the multilingual language ecology of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakse Agra
Published: November 2023

This qualitative study examined the role of different languages used in the country in the lives of 12 participants from the four main ethnic groups of Sri Lanka (i.e., Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and Burgher). It sought to understand how monolingual language policies have impacted upon the country's plurilingual language ecology. The study examined the language ideologies of participants to understand how structures of social power have worked through monolingual language policies to influence and shape their language behaviors and practices. While the impact that language policies have had on different Sri Lankan languages has been examined, no study has analyzed it through the point of view of language ideologies of actual speakers of different languages. The observations made by the participants show that the monolingual ideologies of the language policies of 1832 and 1956, by assigning sole official language status to English and Sinhala respectively, have caused them to gain dominance and diminished the status of other languages, thereby altering the plurilingual language ecology of Sri Lanka. Their observations also showed how the 1956 policy's establishment of Sinhala as the dominant language within the language ecology of the country had elevated the position of the majority community—the Sinhalese, and strengthened the power of the then government which had ridden into power through the Sinhalese majority vote. The analysis of data also indicated that, although the 1956 policy was implemented with the aim of dismantling the structures of power introduced during colonial rule, both policies have served to support and reinforce a social hierarchy based on a Western model. What the data revealed about the role that the two monolingual language policies of 1832 and 1956 seem to have played in establishing and reinforcing the dominance of Sinhala and English respectively, suggest that although political subjugation of the country by European powers has officially ended, Sri Lanka continues to operate within the structures of power established during colonial times.
Integrating Sustainability Into Capital Markets: Bloomberg LP And ESG's Quantitative Legitimacy
Authors: Park Andrew , Ravenel Curtis
Published: November 2023

The rise in prominence of environmental, social, and governance data has been driven in large part by a growing interest among investors who seek to gain an edge through the incorporation of such data in their investment decision‐making. There are, however, several significant obstacles to the integration of ESG data into mainstream investing analysis. Perhaps most important, while finance today is a fundamentally quantitative discipline, ESG is often qualitative. Moreover, the ESG data that is available is incomplete and inconsistent, due largely to a reliance on voluntary reporting by individual companies. In short, ESG has not yet earned its quantitative legitimacy in the eyes of the investor community.

Nevertheless, recent work in the area of stranded asset values has provided Bloomberg LP, a leading provider of financial data and analytics, an opportunity to “bridge theory and practice” by translating the stranded assets framework into a first‐cut valuation tool designed for mainstream financial analysts. The tool offers a quantitative introduction to an ESG issue that the authors believe will eventually become an important focus of many investment decision‐makers' analysis. While the tool continues to evolve in analytical sophistication, the authors “preview” it here in its early form as one step towards Bloomberg's broader vision of “sustainable finance,” and the company's role in supporting the quantitative maturation of ESG through the twin engines of standardization and disclosure.
Global Drivers of and Local Resistance to French Shareholder Activism
Authors: Girard Carine , Gates Stephen
Published: November 2023

Shareholder activism in France has made significant advances during the past 25 years even as it continues to face formidable sources of local resistance. But if the list of corporate governance improvements since 1989 described by the authors might lead one to conclude that France now has minority shareholder protection and shareholder activism comparable to those of the U.S. or U.K., powerful local interests, including much of French management, labor, and government, continue to mount effective resistance to such forces for change. The French government still works closely with French business elites and unions to manage both individual companies and the general economy. And government officials continue to speak publicly of “protecting” French firms from “illegitimate” foreign shareholders.

Accordingly, the authors characterize French corporate governance as a “hybrid” model of shareholder activism, one that incorporates the perspectives and interests of the classic French stakeholder model as well as an emerging shareholder value movement. Although foreign institutional investors have increased their shareholdings in French companies and promoted “best practice” governance rules, particularly with respect to voting rights, local forces will continue to resist aggressive shareholder activism. Such a hybrid model makes the outcomes of shareholder activism less predictable, a risk that foreign investors and companies often respond to by seeking alliances with local proxy advisers and investor associations to gain “legitimacy.”
Development and evaluation of a list of high‐risk inpatient procedures in patients 65 years and older
Authors: Shah Samir K. , Xiang Lingwei , Manful Adoma , Shah Mihir M. , Sharma Gaurav , Adler Rachel R. , Weissman Joel S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Inpatient procedures are common and important health events for older Americans. To facilitate surgical outcomes research, we sought to create and evaluate lists of International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes for high‐risk inpatient procedures, defined as having at least a 1% inpatient mortality.

Methods

This retrospective national cohort study analyzes Medicare claims from 2018 for patients 65 years and older undergoing inpatient procedures. Surgical Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes in the inpatient claims were used to identify procedures. We identified the primary ICD‐10 procedure code for each patient and then compiled all codes with at least a 1% inpatient mortality yielding three separate lists: one list that was blind to elective versus urgent/emergent status, and one each for urgent/emergent and elective procedures. Clinical review by three surgeons was used to remove procedures unlikely to be the proximate cause of mortality. For evaluation, we examined the mortality of each code among fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries in 2017, 2019, and 2020 to determine how many of these satisfied the 1% mortality criterion.

Results

This study included 2,241,419 patients from 2018 undergoing inpatient procedures. The final result included 231 (blind to elective vs urgent/emergent status), 167 (urgent/emergent status), and 119 (elective status) ICD‐10 procedure codes for the three lists. Our evaluation from 2017, 2019, and 2020 demonstrated that in our master list, which was blind to elective versus urgent/emergent status, 97.8% of procedures had an inpatient mortality of at least 1%. In our high‐risk procedures lists for urgent/emergent and elective procedures, 100% and 94.1% of codes met this requirement.

Conclusions

We developed and evaluated lists of ICD‐10 codes representing high‐risk procedures in patients 65 years and older. These lists will be powerful tools for researchers studying surgical outcomes.
Sphenomandibular ligament and degenerating Meckel's cartilage revisited: Sequential variations with temporal bone deformity for ligament attachment in near‐term human fetuses
Authors: Jin Zhe‐Wu , Honkura Yohei , Yamamoto Masahito , Hayashi Shogo , Murakami Gen , Abe Hiroshi , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco
Published: November 2023

Background

The sphenomandibular ligament (SML) is considered to originate from Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, no study has examined how the os goniale contributes to SML development.

Methods

Semiserial histological sections of heads from 18 near‐term fetuses at 27–40 weeks of gestation were examined.

Observations

The os goniale and the anterior process of the malleus (AP) provided a long, bar‐like membranous bone complex that passed through the petrotympanic and tympanosquamosal fissures. Notably, the AP–goniale complex is sometimes elongated inferiorly to join the SML (n = 4 specimens). Along the complex in the bone fissures, a degenerating MC was often present (n = 12). With (n = 6) or without (n = 3) the MC remnant, the tympanic bone (TYB) protruded inferomedially near the tympanosquamosal fissure, and it sometimes continued to a cartilaginous SML (n = 3). The temporal bone squamosa or petrosa provided a similar bony process approaching the SML. The middle meningeal artery often ran between the sphenoid and petrosa.

Conclusions

Most of the specimens (n = 15) exhibited a sequential change from a cartilaginous SML as a continuation of the MC remnant to the ligament after the disappearance of the cartilage. The degenerating MC appeared to cause transformation from the AP–goniale complex and/or TYB to “another ligament” that replaced the usual SML at the upper part. Near the MC remnant, a similar transformation was also suggested on the squamosa or petrosa. The sphenoid spine appeared to originate often from the sphenoid ala major but sometimes from the TYB.
Antecedents and outcome of mindful buying
Authors: Mathur Anil , Moschis George P.
Published: November 2023

Many scholars have examined how people implement principles of mindfulness in their day‐to‐day consumption activities. Because buying in most cases precedes consumption, the present research builds a model of antecedents of mindful buying. Based on multi‐theoretical perspectives, the model posits four key variables as antecedents of mindful buying: environmental activism (self‐concept theory and collective interest model), duration of concern about the environment (life course perspective), and media and personal sources as socialization agents. The model proposes that these antecedent variables would have direct effects on mindful buying as well as indirect effect through attitudes toward the environment. The model also posits positive health outcomes of mindful buying. Using a demographically diverse sample (N = 629, females = 51.7%), regression models were used to test for direct and indirect effects of antecedent variables on mindful buying. Findings of these analyzes find support for the model. Implications for theory development, public policy and practice are also discussed.
Cryolipolysis: The future of cryolipolysis
Authors: Murphrey Morgan , Garibyan Lilit
Published: November 2023

Background

Cryolipolysis has revolutionized the field of cosmetic dermatology as a nonsurgical procedure, utilizing controlled cooling to selectively destroy fat cells.

Aims and methods

This review article will focus on the future prospects of cryolipolysis, considering advancements in current technology as well as innovations that hold promise for the future. We will explore emerging trends in cryolipolysis, considering novel applicator designs, combination therapies, an innovative injectable treatment approach, and the evolving role of this technology in the field of cosmetic dermatology.

Conclusion

The future holds promise for advances in cryolipolysis using both the noninvasive topical cooling approach and the novel injectable ice‐slurry technology.
Public charge, legal estrangement, and renegotiating situational trust in the US healthcare safety net
Authors: Van Natta Meredith
Published: November 2023

US immigration law increasingly excludes many immigrants materially and symbolically from vital safety-net resources. Existing scholarship has emphasized the public charge rule as a key mechanism for enacting these exclusionary trends, but less is known about how recent public charge uncertainty has shaped how noncitizens and healthcare workers negotiate safety-net resources. Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews with 80 safety-net workers and patients in three US states from 2015 to 2020, I argue that intensifying anti-immigrant rhetoric surrounding public charge has extended a sense of surveillance into clinical spaces in previously unexamined ways. Drawing on theories of medical legal violence, system avoidance, and legal estrangement, I demonstrate how these dynamics undermined immigrants' health chances and compromised clinic workers' efforts to facilitate care. I also reveal how participants responded to this insinuation of legal violence in healthcare spaces by promoting situational trust in specific procedures and institutions.
Tort tales and total justice: Exploring attitudes toward everyday tort claims for workplace injuries
Authors: Barnes Jeb , Hevron Parker , Menounou Elli
Published: November 2023

Despite some retrenchment, the litigation state remains alive and well. All this litigation has engendered intense debates over whether increased lawsuits represent a rising tide of justice or a flood of frivolous claims. Tort law has been at the center of these debates for decades, standing at the fault line between “tort tale,” “total justice,” and “mixed” narratives about the perils and benefits of litigation. In this article, we use a survey experiment to probe attitudes toward claims for workplace injuries in light of these narratives. We find that our participants held multifaceted views. On one hand, they favored making claims over doing nothing or asking family members for help and saw lawsuits as equally appropriate as filing a government claim or hiring a lawyer to send a demand letter. On the other hand, tort tale themes cast a subtle shadow over our participants' views. When told claimants did not rush to the courts in defiance of tort tale expectations, our participants saw the lawsuit as more justified. Indeed, the more remedies exhausted prior to litigation, the more justifiable the lawsuit seemed, even though repeated denials of claims might undermine faith in their merits. The bottom line, we contend, is that attitudes toward litigation reflect not only the choice of remedy but also how remedies are used, even when the underlying claim is meritorious—a point that could be useful to practitioners and advocates as they weigh claiming options as well as litigation and public communication strategies.
Some vices of vice epistemology
Authors: Cassam Quassim
Published: November 2023

The actual or potential epistemic vices of a given discipline or field of study are its disciplinary vices. This paper identifies three actual or potential disciplinary vices of vice epistemology. Vice epistemology explains people's epistemic misconduct by reference to their supposed epistemic vices. Such vice explanations are contrasted with attempts to achieve Verstehen of people's epistemic conduct and understand it from their point of view. Although vice explanations do not preclude Verstehen, vice epistemology is in danger of overlooking alternatives to its preferred mode of explanation. In some cases, Verstehen calls into question the assumption that a person is guilty of epistemic misconduct. Vice explanations also risk attaching insufficient weight to politico‐strategic factors in the explanation of political action. Care needs to be taken by vice epistemologists to avoid intellectual myopia, political naivety, and overconfidence in attributing vices.
Allelic variations of WAK106‐E2Fa‐DPb1‐UGT74E2 module regulate fibre properties in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Wang Dan , Quan Mingyang , Qin Shitong , Fang Yuanyuan , Xiao Liang , Qi Weina , Jiang Yongsen , Zhou Jiaxuan , Gu Mingyue , Guan Yicen , Du Qingzhang , Liu Qing , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Zhang Deqiang
Published: November 2023

Wood formation, intricately linked to the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, underpins the capacity of trees to produce renewable resources and offer vital ecosystem services. Despite their importance, the genetic regulatory mechanisms governing wood fibre properties in woody plants remain enigmatic. In this study, we identified a pivotal module comprising 158 high‐priority core genes implicated in wood formation, drawing upon tissue‐specific gene expression profiles from 22 Populus samples. Initially, we conducted a module‐based association study in a natural population of 435 Populus tomentosa, pinpointing PtoDPb1 as the key gene contributing to wood formation through the carbohydrate metabolic pathway. Overexpressing PtoDPb1 led to a 52.91% surge in cellulose content, a reduction of 14.34% in fibre length, and an increment of 38.21% in fibre width in transgenic poplar. Moreover, by integrating co‐expression patterns, RNA‐sequencing analysis, and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping, we identified a PtoDPb1‐mediated genetic module of PtoWAK106‐PtoDPb1‐PtoE2Fa‐PtoUGT74E2 responsible for fibre properties in Populus. Additionally, we discovered the two PtoDPb1 haplotypes that influenced protein interaction efficiency between PtoE2Fa‐PtoDPb1 and PtoDPb1‐PtoWAK106, respectively. The transcriptional activation activity of the PtoE2Fa‐PtoDPb1 haplotype‐1 complex on the promoter of PtoUGT74E2 surpassed that of the PtoE2Fa‐PtoDPb1 haplotype‐2 complex. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fibre properties in Populus, orchestrated by PtoDPb1, and offer a practical module for expediting genetic breeding in woody plants via molecular design.
Discovery of the novel HLA‐A*11:454 allele, a variant of HLA‐A*11:01:01:01, in a Russian individual
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Sergeeva Iuliia , Andryushkina Anna V. , Shagimardanova Elena I.
Published: November 2023

One nucleotide substitution in codon 270 of HLA‐A*11:01:01:01 results in the novel allele, HLA‐A*11:454.
Remote sensing classification approach to large‐scale crop cultivation identification: A case study of the Aral Sea Basin
Authors: Wen Zhuojian , Jiang Desheng , Jing Ye , Liu Guilin
Published: November 2023

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the crop cultivation structure in the Aral Sea Basin has changed dramatically, and these changes are worth studying. However, historical crop remote sensing mapping at the watershed scale remains challenging, especially crop misclassification at the cropland edge due to mixed pixels. Therefore, we proposed a field segmentation approach to constrain field edges based on time‐series Sentinel‐2 remote sensing images and the Google Earth Engine platform and then employed the random forest algorithm to perform crop classification based on time series Landsat/Sentinel‐2 images and crop phenology information to produce historical crop maps in the Aral Sea Basin from the 1990s onward. The results showed that the intersection over union between the extracted field edges and in situ‐measured field size data was 0.65. The overall accuracy of crop mapping was 95.2% in 2019. Then, we extended our method to historical mapping over the 1991–2015 period with accuracies ranging from 82.8% to 91.3%. Moreover, our method applied to historical mapping works well in terms of accuracy and policy matching. These findings indicate that our method can accurately distinguish cropland edges to reduce classification errors due to mixed pixels. This method is promising for solving the cropland edge problem for historical crop mapping in the Aral Sea Basin and can potentially provide a reference for historical crop classification in other watersheds of the world.
GhMYB30‐GhMUR3 affects fiber elongation and secondary wall thickening in cotton
Authors: Wu Aimin , Lian Boying , Hao Pengbo , Fu Xiaokang , Zhang Meng , Lu Jianhua , Ma Liang , Yu Shuxun , Wei Hengling , Wang Hantao
Published: November 2023

Xyloglucan, an important hemicellulose, plays a crucial role in maintaining cell wall structure and cell elongation. However, the effects of xyloglucan on cotton fiber development are not well understood. GhMUR3 encodes a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that is essential for xyloglucan synthesis and is highly expressed during fiber elongation. In this study, we report that GhMUR3 participates in cotton fiber development under the regulation of GhMYB30. Overexpression GhMUR3 affects the fiber elongation and cell wall thickening. Transcriptome showed that the expression of genes involved in secondary cell wall synthesis was prematurely activated in OE‐MUR3 lines. In addition, GhMYB30 was identified as a key regulator of GhMUR3 by Y1H, Dual‐Luc, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays. GhMYB30 directly bound the GhMUR3 promoter and activated GhMUR3 expression. Furthermore, DAP‐seq of GhMYB30 was performed to identify its target genes in the whole genome. The results showed that many target genes were associated with fiber development, including cell wall synthesis‐related genes, BR‐related genes, reactive oxygen species pathway genes, and VLCFA synthesis genes. It was demonstrated that GhMYB30 may regulate fiber development through multiple pathways. Additionally, GhMYB46 was confirmed to be a target gene of GhMYB30 by EMSA, and GhMYB46 was significantly increased in GhMYB30‐silenced lines, indicating that GhMYB30 inhibited GhMYB46 expression. Overall, these results revealed that GhMUR3 under the regulation of GhMYB30 and plays an essential role in cotton fiber elongation and secondary wall thickening. Additionally, GhMYB30 plays an important role in the regulation of fiber development and regulates fiber secondary wall synthesis by inhibiting the expression of GhMYB46.
Establishment of a reference interval for thiamine concentrations in healthy dogs and evaluation of the prevalence of absolute thiamine deficiency in critically ill dogs with and without sepsis using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Berlin Noa , Pfaff Alexandra , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Chalifoux Nolan V. , Hess Rebecka S. , Donnino Michael W. , Silverstein Deborah C.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To determine the normal reference interval (RI) for thiamine concentrations in healthy dogs and investigate the prevalence of thiamine deficiency in critically ill dogs with and without sepsis.

Design

Prospective, observational, multicenter study, conducted between 2019 and 2021.

Setting

Two veterinary university teaching hospitals.

Animals

A total of 109 dogs were enrolled into 3 groups: 40 healthy dogs, 33 dogs with suspected or confirmed sepsis and evidence of tissue hypoperfusion (Doppler blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg or plasma lactate ≥3 mmol/L), and 36 dogs with other critical illnesses and evidence of tissue hypoperfusion.

Interventions

For each dog, CBC, serum biochemistry, plasma lactate concentration, whole‐blood thiamine concentration, blood pressure, vital parameters, Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE)fast score, and clinical outcomes were recorded, alongside basic patient parameters and dietary history. Whole‐blood thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography.

Measurements and Main Results

The RI for whole‐blood TPP in healthy dogs was 70.9–135.3 μg/L. Median TPP concentrations were significantly lower in septic dogs compared to healthy controls (P = 0.036). No significant difference in median TPP concentrations was found between septic dogs and nonseptic critically ill dogs, or between healthy dogs and nonseptic critically ill dogs. TPP concentrations were below the normal RI in 27.3% of septic dogs, compared to 19.4% of nonseptic critically ill dogs (P = 0.57). No correlations were found between TPP concentrations and lactate concentrations, age, body condition scores, time since last meal, RBC count, serum alanine aminotransferase, APPLEfast scores, or patient outcomes.

Conclusions

TPP concentrations were significantly lower in septic dogs compared to healthy controls, with an absolute thiamine deficiency found in 27.3% of septic dogs. The established TPP RI allows for further investigation of thiamine deficiency in critically ill dogs.
Correlates of Fundamental Motor Skills in the Early Years (0–4 Years): A Systematic Review
Authors: Veldman Sanne L.C. , Gubbels Jessica S. , Singh Amika S. , Koedijker Johan M. , Chinapaw Mai J.M. , Altenburg Teatske M.
Published: November 2023

Aim: This systematic review aims to summarize evidence on correlates of fundamental motor skills in typically developing children aged 0–4 years. Methods: A literature search (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus) was performed from 2000 till 23 May 2022. Inclusion criteria was cross-sectional and prospective studies examining associations between a potential correlate and fundamental motor skills in typically developing, apparently healthy children aged 0–4 years. Two independent reviewers performed screening and methodological quality assessment. Results: Eighty-three studies met eligibility criteria and were included. Thirteen studies were of high methodological quality. In children aged <1 year, we found no evidence for family income, breastfeeding-related, sleep-related, home environment, and socioeconomic variables. In children aged 1–2 years, we found no evidence for sex, growth-related variables, singleton birth, and family income. In children aged 2–4 years, we found no evidence for screen behavior, toxicity, parental education, family income, socioeconomic variables, and maternal depression/anxiety and moderate evidence for a positive association with early childhood education and care setting type. For other examined correlates, we found insufficient evidence (inconsistent findings or only one study available). Conclusions: We found insufficient evidence for over half of examined potential correlates of fundamental motor skills. We recommend investing in better research methodologies and improved reporting.
ATM deficiency confers specific therapeutic vulnerabilities in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhou Yuzhen , Börcsök Judit , Adib Elio , Kamran Sophia C. , Neil Alexander J. , Stawiski Konrad , Freeman Dory , Stormoen Dag Rune , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Samant Amruta , Nassar Amin , Bekele Raie T. , Hanlon Timothy , Valentine Henkel , Epstein Ilana , Sharma Bijaya , Felt Kristen , Abbosh Philip , Wu Chin-Lee , Efstathiou Jason A. , Miyamoto David T. , Anderson William , Szallasi Zoltan , Mouw Kent W.
Published: November 2023

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays a central role in the cellular response to DNA damage and ATM alterations are common in several tumor types including bladder cancer. However, the specific impact of ATM alterations on therapy response in bladder cancer is uncertain. Here, we combine preclinical modeling and clinical analyses to comprehensively define the impact of ATM alterations on bladder cancer. We show that ATM loss is sufficient to increase sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents including cisplatin and radiation. Furthermore, ATM loss drives sensitivity to DNA repair–targeted agents including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibitors. ATM loss alters the immune microenvironment and improves anti-PD1 response in preclinical bladder models but is not associated with improved anti-PD1/PD-L1 response in clinical cohorts. Last, we show that ATM expression by immunohistochemistry is strongly correlated with response to chemoradiotherapy. Together, these data define a potential role for ATM as a predictive biomarker in bladder cancer.
The AI Act Grand Challenge shows how autonomous robots will be regulated
Authors: Hine Emmie , Yousefi Yasaman , Osivand Parisa , Brand Dirk , Kugler Kholofelo , Chiara Pier Giorgio
Published: November 2023

One of the winning teams of the EU AI Act Grand Challenge analyzes how the AI Act will regulate robots.
Metaflammation in obesity and its therapeutic targeting
Authors: Schleh Michael W. , Caslin Heather L. , Garcia Jamie N. , Mashayekhi Mona , Srivastava Gitanjali , Bradley Anna B. , Hasty Alyssa H.
Published: November 2023

Obesity-associated inflammation is a systemic process that affects all metabolic organs. Prominent among these is adipose tissue, where cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are markedly changed in obesity, implicating these cells in a range of processes linking immune memory to metabolic regulation. Furthermore, weight loss and weight cycling have unexpected effects on adipose tissue immune populations. Here, we review the current literature on the roles of various immune cells in lean and obese adipose tissue. Within this context, we discuss pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to obesity treatment and their impact on systemic inflammation.
Efficacy of a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
serogroup O9 vaccine
Authors: Moustafa Dina A. , DiGiandomenico Antonio , Raghuram Vishnu , Schulman Marc , Scarff Jennifer M. , Davis Michael R. , Varga John J. , Dean Charles R. , Goldberg Joanna B.
Published: November 2023

There are currently no approved vaccines against the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Among vaccine targets, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen of
P. aeruginosa
is the most immunodominant protective candidate. There are 20 different O antigens composed of different repeat sugar structures conferring serogroup specificity, and 10 are found most frequently in infection. Thus, one approach to combat infection by
P. aeruginosa
could be to generate immunity with a vaccine cocktail that includes all these serogroups. Serogroup O9 is 1 of the 10 serogroups commonly found in infection, but it has never been developed into a vaccine, due in part to the acid-labile nature of the O9 polysaccharide. Our laboratory has previously shown that intranasal administration of an attenuated
Salmonella
strain expressing the
P. aeruginosa
serogroup O11 LPS O antigen was effective in clearing bacteria and preventing mortality in mice following intranasal challenge with serogroup O11
P. aeruginosa
. Consequently, we set out to develop a
P. aeruginosa
serogroup O9 vaccine using a similar approach. Here, we show that
Salmonella
expressing serogroup O9 triggered an antibody-mediated immune response following intranasal administration to mice and that it conferred protection from
P. aeruginosa
serogroup O9 in a murine model of acute pneumonia.