bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecumene of the Logos: Theoretical Affinities Between Italian and Russian Ontologism
Authors: Kita Marek
Published: June 2020

The topic of this article is the convergence of the fundamental theoretical intuitions of two independent currents of Christian philosophy at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Italian Catholic spiritualism and the internally diversified current of the Russian religious philosophical Renaissance proved to be convergent in their ontological realism based on the metaphysics of cognition. This consonance undermines the stereotype about the total difference between the Russian Orthodox and the Western Catholic mentality. The article tries to show that these two denominations both drew inspiration from the Patristic heritage and that, contrary to all appearances, Russian religious philosophy owes much to the Augustinian tradition. The paper reminds the discovery of this convergence made by Vladimir Ern, and discusses certain elements of the teachings of Vladimir Solovyev and Evgenii Troubetzkoy in comparison with the basic philosophical intuitions of the Italian philosopher Antonio Rosmini.
Geschlechtersensible Gestaltung digitaler Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Urban Monika
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund

Die Kategorie Geschlecht hat für die Gesundheit eine zentrale Bedeutung und geschlechtersensible Perspektiven gehören entsprechend zum wissenschaftlichen Standard der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Durch digitale Interventionen der Gesundheitsförderung ergeben sich nun neue Herausforderungen, da ein Einfluss der Kategorie Gender auf die Wirkung solcher Interventionen zwar prinzipiell bekannt ist, die konkreten Effekte fehlender gendersensibler Perspektiven bisher jedoch nicht systematisiert sind.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der Artikel stellt potenzielle unintendierte Effekte durch fehlende gendersensible Perspektiven vor und diskutiert Maßnahmen einer gender- und diversitätssensiblen Gestaltung digitaler Interventionen der Gesundheitsförderung.

Material und Methode

Der Artikel basiert auf einem scoping review, das nationale und internationale Studien einschließt.

Ergebnisse

Die Studienlage zur Interferenz von Gendern zu den Effekten digitaler Angebote ist bisher schwach. Die inkludierten Studien verweisen exemplarisch mit Blick auf einzelne Interventionen, Technologien und Zielgruppen darauf, dass fehlende gendersensible Perspektiven negative Effekte haben. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass digitale Interventionen die Dichotomien entlang der Kategorien Frau vs. Mann (re)manifestieren können. Andere Körper, sowie ein anderes als heterosexuelles Begehren, können bei digitalen Interventionen unberücksichtigt bleiben.

Diskussion

Für eine Vermeidung unintendierter Effekte digitaler Interventionen bietet sich die Einbeziehung gendersensibler und diversitätsorientierter Perspektiven an. Ein durchgängig gendersensibles Design, Gendersensibilität als wissenschaftlicher Standard und partizipative, User-orientierte Technikentwicklung können unintendierte Effekte minimieren.
Assessing the Organizational Climate for Translational Research with a New Survey Tool
Authors: Simons Arno , Riedel Nico , Toelch Ulf , Hendriks Barbara , Müller-Ohlraun Stephanie , Liebenau Lisa , Ambrasat Jens , Dirnagl Ulrich , Reinhart Martin
Published: June 2020

Promoting translational research as a means to overcoming chasms in the translation of knowledge through successive fields of research from basic science to public health impacts and back is a central challenge for research managers and policymakers. Organizational leaders need to assess baseline conditions, identify areas needing improvement, and to judge the impact of specific initiatives to sustain or improve translational research practices at their institutions. Currently, there is a lack of such an assessment tool addressing the specific context of translational biomedical research. To close this gap, we have developed a new survey for assessing theorganizational climate for translational research. This self-assessment tool measures employees’ perceptions of translational research climate and underlying research practices in organizational environments and builds on the established Survey of Organizational Research Climate, assessing research integrity. Using this tool, we show that scientists at a large university hospital (Charité Berlin) perceive translation as a central and important component of their work. Importantly, local resources and direct support are main contributing factors for the practical implementation of translation into their own research practice. We identify and discuss potential leverage points for an improvement of research climate to foster successful translational research.
Hydraulic conductivity of fly ash as a barrier material: some problems in determination
Authors: Zabielska-Adamska Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

Recently, researchers have conducted investigations with the possibility of utilising fly ash as a barrier material, which is justified by its chemical, physical and mechanical properties. The mean necessary characteristic, which should be tested is coefficient of permeability. The diversification of test methods and sample preparation techniques can significantly change test results. The purpose of the article is to describe the fly ash permeability in dependence on compaction and moisture content at compaction, as a material embedded into the sealing layer of storage yards. The impact of sample saturation on hydraulic conductivity is shown too. The hydraulic conductivity was investigated for unsaturated and fully saturated fly ash samples, which had been compacted by the Standard and Modified Proctor methods at various water contents, ranging over optimum water content ± 5%. The lowest values of hydraulic conductivity were obtained at the highest moisture contentsw = wopt + 5%, for both compaction methods. It is proven that compacted fly ash, in spite of its likeness to non-cohesive soils, must be assessed while considering water content during compaction, as in the case of compacted cohesive soils.
Sequestering a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug using modified orange peels
Authors: Bello Olugbenga Solomon , Alagbada Temitope Chris , Alao Oluwakemi Christiana , Olatunde Abimbola Modupe
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the sorption of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, (IBP) using acid activated carbon prepared from orange peel (OPA). OPA was characterized via the use of Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Four isotherm models were utilized to assess the adsorption data: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Raduskevich, respectively. It was established that the IBP adsorption onto OPA fitted Langmuir isotherm model most. The optimum monolayer adsorption capacity of OPA was 49.30 mg/g at 50 °C. The adsorption data was subjected to kinetic test using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The sorption process was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mean heat of adsorption, Ea at all temperatures studied was < 8.00 kJmol−1, signifying that the sorption mechanism is physisorption. Thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. OPA was established to be a viable and effective adsorbent for the sorption of IBP from aqueous medium.
Numerical simulation and evaluation of spacer-filled direct contact membrane distillation module
Authors: El Kadi Khadije , Janajreh Isam , Hashaikeh Raed
Published: June 2020

Membrane fouling and temperature polarization are the most common issues that cause limitations to membrane distillation (MD) process. Integration of spacers has been proven to resolve those problems by inducing regions of turbulence and giving the required mechanical support to the membrane. In this work, a robust high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to assess and quantify the performance of spacer-filled DCMD module and compare it with a baseline spacer-free DCMD module. Mainly, simulations are done to delineate the problem of concentration polarization and by alternating spacers material with different thermal conductivities and different displacement configurations. The performance of these different models is demonstrated in terms of concentration boundary layer development, temperature distributions, temperature polarization coefficient (TPC), mass flux, heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal efficiency. Results show that concentration polarization can penalize mass flux by nearly 10%, and conductive spacers have favorable effect on the DCMD performance compared to spacer-free in terms of TPC by 50%, mass flux by 35%, heat flux by 31%, thermal efficiency by 1%, and top and bottom membrane surface heat transfer coefficients of, respectively, 19% and 62%. Meanwhile, the stride of the spacers in the range of 1.5–3.5 mm tends to achieve a measurable mass flux. Generally, spacers integration has confirmed the capability of reducing concentration polarization at the membrane surface. These attained improvements will accelerate industrial deployments of MD.
Characterization of miRNAs from sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) and their tissue-specific expression analysis in brain and liver
Authors: de la Fuente Jiménez Juan Luis , Sharma Ashutosh , Paul Sujay
Published: June 2020

MicroRNAs are endogenous highly conserved short (~ 21 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules that play key roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by translational inhibition or by target mRNA cleavage. In this report, using high stringent computational-based methods, a total of 101 putative miRNAs were identified from European sardine fish (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792). All the precursors of identified sardine miRNAs formed stable stem-loop structures and displayed high minimum free energy index (MFEI) values. For the experimental validation of the computationally predicted miRNAs, a tissue-specific quantitative study of eight randomly selected putative sardine miRNAs (spi-miR9, spi-miR26, spi-miR128, spi-miR129, spi-miR132, spi-miR212, spi-miR219, and spi-miR338) was performed in brain and liver and all the selected miRNAs were found to be overexpressed in brain tissue. Moreover, using RNAhybrid, a total of 83 potential target proteins of the characterized sardine miRNAs were identified those are involved in transcription, cellular development, defense mechanism, and various signaling pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sardine microRNAs and their targets.
Evidence based use of modified rapid sequence induction at a low income country: A systematic review
Authors: Allene Mengesha Dessie , Melekie Tadesse Belayneh , Ashagrie Henos Enyew
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII) is a technique commonly used to resist regurgitation of gastric contents and protect the airway. A modification of this technique is implemented in certain clinical circumstances. Search engines like Pub Med through HINARI, Cochrane database, Google Scholar to get access for current and updated evidences on modified RSII. This guideline provides a strategy to manage and reduce complications of anesthesia in patients who are easily suspectable for desaturation. Senior anaesthetists’, with input from department of surgery, were responsible to develop this clinical guideline to promote the best evidence-based, effective, affordable, and safer management of the indicated patients with modified RSII. As part of the guideline development process, a systematic review of studies published in peer-review journals were employed on varies aspects related to treatment, assessment and risk stratification. After a comprehensive searching of electronic sources and a review of the evidence, the authors formulated recommendations that addressed various aspects of optimization of patients, considering setups with limited recourse.

Highlights:
Democratic and Autocratic Nation Building
Authors: Stewart Katie L.
Published: June 2020

There are two main trends in the field of nation-building studies. One subset of the field focuses on democratic nation building, seeking to answer questions of how people can live together in divided societies and presenting institutional recommendations. The other subset examines autocratic nation building, or how those in power utilize nation building to maintain their position of dominance. Scholars examine both types of nation building from above, examining government policies and elite action, and from below, analyzing the practices and emotions of non-elites. While there has been much progress in the field of nation-building studies, I suggest that we focus more on the conceptual differences between democratic and autocratic nation building, address the interactions of elites and non-elites in nation-building practices, and disaggregate analyses to take into account in-country variation in nation building.
Understanding galaxy formation and evolution through an all-sky submillimetre spectroscopic survey
Authors: Negrello Mattia , Bonato Matteo , Cai Zhen-Yi , Dannerbauer Helmut , De Zotti Gianfranco , Delabrouille Jacques , Scott Douglas
Published: June 2020

We illustrate the extraordinary discovery potential for extragalactic astrophysics of a far-infrared/submillimetre (far-IR/submm) all-sky spectroscopic survey with a 3-m-class space telescope. Spectroscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the Universe and allows us to take full advantage of the sensitivity of present-day instrumentation, close to fundamental limits, overcoming the spatial confusion that affects broadband far-IR/submm surveys. A space telescope of the 3-m class (which has already been described in recent papers) will detect emission lines powered by star formation in galaxies out to$z\,{\simeq}\,8$. It will specifically provide measurements of spectroscopic redshifts, star-formation rates (SFRs), dust masses, and metal content for millions of galaxies at the peak epoch of cosmic star formation and of hundreds of them at the epoch of reionisation. Many of these star-forming galaxies will be strongly lensed; the brightness amplification and stretching of their sizes will make it possible to investigate (by means of follow-up observations with high-resolution instruments like ALMA,JWST, and SKA) their internal structure and dynamics on the scales of giant molecular clouds (40–100 pc). This will provide direct information on the physics driving the evolution of star-forming galaxies. Furthermore, the arcmin resolution of the telescope at submm wavelengths is ideal for detecting the cores of galaxy proto-clusters, out to the epoch of reionisation. Due to the integrated emission of member galaxies, such objects (as well as strongly lensed sources) will dominate at the highest apparent far-IR luminosities. Tens of millions of these galaxy-clusters-in-formation will be detected at$z \simeq 2 - 3$–3, with a tail extending out to$z\,{\simeq}\,7$, and thousands of detections at$6\,{<}\,z\,{<}\,7$. Their study will allow us to track the growth of the most massive halos well beyond what is possible with classical cluster surveys (mostly limited to$z\,\lesssim\, 1.5 - 2$–2), tracing the history of star formation in dense environments and teaching us how star formation and galaxy-cluster formation are related across all epochs. The obscured cosmic SFR density of the Universe will thereby be constrained. Such a survey will overcome the current lack of spectroscopic redshifts of dusty star-forming galaxies and galaxy proto-clusters, representing a quantum leap in far-IR/submm extragalactic astrophysics.
Starting Big: The Effect of Unit Size on Language Learning in Children and Adults
Authors: HAVRON Naomi , ARNON Inbal
Published: June 2020

Multiword units play an important role in language learning and use. It was proposed that learning from such units can facilitate mastery of certain grammatical relations, and that children and adults differ in their use of multiword units during learning, contributing to their varying language-learning trajectories. Accordingly, adults learn gender agreement better when encouraged to learn from multiword units. Previous work has not examined two core predictions of this proposal: (1) that children also benefit from initial exposure to multiword units, and (2) that their learning patterns reflect a greater reliance on multiword units compared to adults. We test both predictions using an artificial-language. As predicted, both children and adults benefit from early exposure to multiword units. In addition, when exposed to unsegmented input – adults show better learning of nouns compared to article-noun pairings, but children do not, a pattern consistent with adults’ predicted tendency to focus less on multiword units.
Dengue virus co-infections with multiple serotypes do not result in a different clinical outcome compared to mono-infections
Authors: Senaratne U. T. N. , Murugananthan K. , Sirisena P. D. N. N. , Carr J. M. , Noordeen F.
Published: June 2020

Circulation of multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in a locale has resulted in individuals becoming infected with mixed serotypes. This research was undertaken to study the clinical presentation, presence of DENV serotypes and serological characteristics of DENV infected patients with co-infections from three Provinces of Sri Lanka where DENV-1 and -2 predominated during the study. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on 1249 patient samples and 301 were positive for DENV (24.1%). DENV-1 was the predominant serotype detected in 137 (45.51%) followed by DENV-2 in 65 (21.59%), DENV-3 in 59 (19.6%) and DENV-4 in 4 (1.32%) patients with mono-infections. Thirty-three patients (10.96%) had DENV co-infections with two or more serotypes. The highest number of co-infections was noted between DENV-1 and DENV-2 (57.57%) suggesting co-infection is driven by the frequency of the circulating serotypes. Platelet counts were significantly higher in DENV co-infected patients although clinical disease severity or white blood cell count, packed cell volume or viraemia were not significantly different in the co-infected compared to the mono-infected patients. Thus co-infection with multiple DENV serotypes does occur but with the exception of improved platelet counts in co-infected patients, there is no evidence that clinical or laboratory measures of disease are altered.
Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of influenza virus and the effects of air pollution on laboratory-confirmed influenza cases in Hulunbuir, China, from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Lu Bing , Wang Yingchen , Zhu Zhansong , Zhang Zhe , Dong Tuo , Li Falong , Gao Ya , Du Xiqiao , Qu Zhangyi
Published: June 2020

Objective

A continuous survey on influenza was conducted in Hulunbuir, China from January 2010 to May 2019 to reveal epidemiological, microbiological and air pollutants associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza cases.

Methods

Influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection subjects were enrolled from a sentinel hospital in Hulunbuir during the study period for epidemiological and virological investigation. The association between air pollutants and influenza-positivity rate was assessed by a generalised additive model.

Results

Of 4667 specimens, 550 (11.8%) were tested positive for influenza. The influenza-positivity was highest in the age groups of 5–14 years, 50–69 years and ⩾70 years. We found that the effect of particulate matter ⩽2.5 μm (PM2.5) concentrations on the influenza-positivity rate was statistically significant, particularly on day lag-4 and lag-5. Genetic characterisations showed that (H1N1) pdm09 strains belonged to subclade 6B.1 and that influenza B isolates belonged to subclade 1A-3Del, with significant substitutions in the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins compared with those in the WHO-recommended vaccine strains.

Conclusions

Elderly individuals and school-age children were at high risk for influenza infection. PM2.5 concentrations showed significant effects on influenza-positivity rate in Hulunbuir, which could be considered in local influenza prevention strategies.
Callous-unemotional traits in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): replication of prevalence estimates and associations with gaze patterns when viewing fearful faces
Authors: Carter Leno Virginia , Bedford Rachael , Chandler Susie , White Pippa , Yorke Isabel , Charman Tony , Pickles Andrew , Simonoff Emily
Published: June 2020

Research suggests an increased prevalence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and a similar impairment in fear recognition to that reported in non-ASD populations. However, past work has used measures not specifically designed to measure CU traits and has not examined whether decreased attention to the eyes reported in non-ASD populations is also present in individuals with ASD. The current paper uses a measure specifically designed to measure CU traits to estimate prevalence in a large community-based ASD sample. Parents of 189 adolescents with ASD completed questionnaires assessing CU traits, and emotional and behavioral problems. A subset of participants completed a novel emotion recognition task (n = 46). Accuracy, reaction time, total looking time, and number of fixations to the eyes and mouth were measured. Twenty-two percent of youth with ASD scored above a cut-off expected to identify the top 6% of CU scores. CU traits were associated with longer reaction times to identify fear and fewer fixations to the eyes relative to the mouth during the viewing of fearful faces. No associations were found with accuracy or total looking time. Results suggest the mechanisms that underpin CU traits may be similar between ASD and non-ASD populations.
The cognitive status of metalinguistic knowledge in speakers of one or more languages
Authors: Smith Michael Sharwood
Published: June 2020

The term ‘metalinguistic’ is used to define the kind of ability whereby people for various purposes view language as an object. It is strongly associated with consciousness and touches on many aspects of literacy, multilingualism and language acquisition. Discussions in the research literature have generally been on specific aspects of metalinguistic knowledge: the time is ripe for a more fundamental reassessment focusing on how exactly metalinguistic ability is represented and processed on line, and how it fits in with other kinds of representation and processing. To this end, a particular theoretical perspective that takes into account contemporary research in cognitive science, the Modular Cognition Framework, will be applied with the aim of supporting further empirical investigations into this area of language ability and locating it within an integrated approach to cognition in general. Finally, the usefulness of metalinguistic knowledge will be briefly considered.
Psychological mechanisms associated with food security status and BMI in adults: a mixed methods study
Authors: Myers Candice A , Beyl Robbie A , Martin Corby K , Broyles Stephanie T , Katzmarzyk Peter T
Published: June 2020

Objective:

This study examined psychological constructs (delay discounting, grit, future time perspective and subjective social status) in relation to food security status and body weight.

Design:

A simultaneous triangulation mixed methods design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected in fifty-six adults. Independent variables included food security status (food secure or food insecure) and BMI category (normal weight or overweight/obese). Participants, matched on race (African American and White), were categorised into four food security status by BMI category groups. Psychological constructs were measured via validated questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected in a subsample of twelve participants via in-depth interviews.

Setting:

This study was conducted in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Participants:

The sample was 66 % female and 48 % African American with a mean age of 32·3 (sd9·2) years and BMI of 28·8 (sd7·7) kg/m2.

Results:

Quantitative results showed that food-insecure participants with overweight/obesity had greater delay discounting (–3·78v. –6·16,P= 0·01; –3·78v. –5·75,P= 0·02) and poorer grit (3·37v. 3·99,P= 0·02; 3·37v. 4·02,P= 0·02 ) than their food-secure counterparts and food-insecure participants with normal weight. Food-insecure participants with overweight/obesity also had a shorter time period for financial planning (0·72v. 4·14,P= 0·02) than food-secure participants with normal weight. Qualitative data largely supported quantitative findings with participants discussing varied perceptions of psychological constructs.

Conclusions:

This study found differences in delaying gratification, grit and financial planning between food security status and body weight groups.
Trends in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among California children
Authors: Beck Amy L , Martinez Suzanna , Patel Anisha I , Fernandez Alicia
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To assess trends in consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks and any sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) from 2013 to 2016 among all children in California aged 2–5 and 6–11 years and by racial-ethnic group.

Design:

Serial cross-sectional study using the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).

Setting:

CHIS is a telephone survey of households in California designed to assess population-level estimates of key health behaviours. Previous research using CHIS documented a decrease in SSB consumption among children in California from 2003 to 2009 coinciding with state-level policy efforts targeting child SSB consumption.

Participants:

Parents of children in California aged 2–11 years (n 4901 in 2013–2014; n 3606 in 2015–2016) were surveyed about the child’s consumption of soda and sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks on the day prior.

Results:

Among 2–5-year-olds, consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks and any SSB remained stable. Sweetened fruit drink/sports drink consumption was higher than soda consumption in this age group. Latino 2–5- year-olds were more likely to consume any SSB in both 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 compared with Whites. Among 6–11-year-olds, consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks and any SSB also remained stable over time. Latino and African-American 6–11-year-olds were more likely to consume an SSB in 2013–2014 compared with White children.

Conclusions:

SSB consumption among children in California was unchanged from 2013 to 2016 and racial-ethnic disparities were evident. Increased policy efforts are needed to further reduce SSB consumption, particularly among children of Latino and African-American backgrounds.
Party decline or social transformation? Economic, institutional and sociological change and the rise of anti-political-establishment parties in Western Europe
Authors: Casal Bértoa Fernando , Rama José
Published: June 2020

The rise in support for anti-political-establishment parties (APEp), especially since the beginning of the 2008 Great Recession, has put democracy in peril. Some scholars have warned us about the negative implications the recent rise of APEp might have for the development of democracy in Western Europe. For that reason, it is important we begin to understand what generates APEp’s electoral success. Drawing on a new comparative dataset that examines all Western European democracies from 1849 until 2017, the current article attempts to provide an explanation. In particular, our analyses examine three alternative explanations put forward by the literature: economic, institutional, and sociological. Our results show that it is not economic performance but both institutional and sociological change which together can help to understand the current wave of support for APEp.
Emotion Regulation Flexibility
Authors: English Tammy , Eldesouky Lameese
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Emotion regulation (ER) flexibility, defined as shifting regulatory efforts based on contextual demands, has been proposed as central to well-being. However, it remains an elusive construct to capture. In this article, we highlight the promise and challenges of using ambulatory assessment to examine ER flexibility. We consider difficulties in assessing relevant contextual features and ER dynamics using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The solutions offered include drawing on existing taxonomies of situational characteristics and ER strategies, adopting methods that passively track contextual features and enhance reliability, and leveraging the advantages of various sampling schemes based on target ER dynamics. Studying ER flexibility in vivo, as it naturally unfolds in daily life, is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the contextual, dynamic nature of ER. Further work is needed developing theories to guide research on how and why specific aspects of the context might call for shifts in regulatory efforts.
Regulating Emotion Systems in Everyday Life
Authors: Medland Hayley , De France Kalee , Hollenstein Tom , Mussoff David , Koval Peter
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Researchers are increasingly using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate how people regulate their emotions from moment-to-moment in daily life. However, existing self-report measures of emotion regulation have been designed and validated to assess habitual/trait use of emotion regulation strategies and may therefore not be suited to assessing momentary emotion regulation. The present study aimed to develop a brief, yet reliable, EMA measure of emotion regulation in daily life by adapting the Regulation of Emotion Systems Survey (RESS; DeFrance & Hollenstein, 2017 ), a recently developed global self-report questionnaire assessing habitual use of six emotion regulation strategies. We created an EMA version of the RESS by selecting 12 items from the original scale and adapting them for EMA. We investigated the psychometric properties of the new RESS-EMA scale by administering it eight times daily for 7 days via smartphones to a sample of undergraduates ( n = 112). Results of multilevel modeling analyses supported the within- and between-person reliability and validity of the RESS-EMA scale and suggest that it is a viable way to comprehensively assess momentary emotion regulation strategy use in daily life.
Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting Techniques on 1,533 Events
Authors: Imhoff R. O. , Brauer C. C. , Overeem A. , Weerts A. H. , Uijlenhoet R.
Published: June 2020

Radar rainfall nowcasting, the process of statistically extrapolating the most recent rainfall observation, is increasingly used for very short range rainfall forecasting (less than 6 hr ahead). We performed a large‐sample analysis of 1,533 events, systematically selected for 4 event durations and 12 lowland catchments (6.5–957 km2), to determine the predictive skill of nowcasting. Four algorithms are tested and compared with Eulerian Persistence: Rainymotion Sparse, Rainymotion DenseRotation, Pysteps deterministic, and Pysteps probabilistic with 20 ensemble members. We focus on the dependency of nowcast skill on event duration, season, catchment size, and location. Maximum skillful lead times increase for longer event durations, due to the more persistent character of these events. For all four event durations, Pysteps deterministic attains the longest average decorrelation times, with 25 min for 1‐hr durations, 40 min for 3 hr, 56 min for 6 hr, and 116 min for 24 hr. During winter, with more persistent stratiform precipitation, we find three times lower mean absolute errors than for convective summer precipitation. Higher skill is also found after spatially upscaling the forecast. Catchment location matters too: Given the prevailing storm movement, two times higher skillful lead times are found downwind than upwind toward the edge of the domain. In most cases, Pysteps algorithms outperform the Rainymotion benchmark algorithms. We speculate that most errors originate from growth and dissipation processes which are not or only partially (stochastically) accounted for.
Structural Controls on Slope Failure Within the Western Santa Barbara Channel Based on 2‐D and 3‐D Seismic Imaging
Authors: Kluesner Jared W. , Brothers Daniel S. , Wright Alexis L. , Johnson Samuel Y.
Published: June 2020

The Santa Barbara Channel, offshore California, contains several submarine landslides and ample evidence for incipient failure. This region hosts active thrust and reverse faults that accommodate several mm/yr of convergence, yet the relationships between tectonic deformation and slope failure remain unclear. We present 3‐D and 2‐D multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data sets, multibeam bathymetry, and chronostratigraphic constraints to investigate the controls on slope failure. Splay faulting along the North Channel Deformation Trend (NCDT) coincides with a distinct zone of compressional uplift and onlapping of steeply dipping Quaternary strata. The NCDT is spatially correlated with seafloor fissures, and 3‐D seismic analyses reveal an intricate system of en echelon reverse faults that offset sediments younger than ~25 ka. Localized uplift zones are located between faults, one of which underlies the Gaviota landslide headscarp. We observe a direct relationship between slope failure and along‐strike variations in the tectonostratigraphic framework. Based on geophysical properties at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 893, we predict a trend in compaction and porosity reduction in the basin that drives pore fluids up‐dip, toward the zone of onlap above the NCDT, thus reducing slope stability. This interplay between tectonic, sedimentary, and fluid‐flow processes along the NCDT has created a confluence of preconditioning factors, with Gaviota and Goleta landslides being distinguished from the surrounding slopes by their position above the NCDT. The distribution of seafloor fissures suggests sections of the slope remain unstable and are prone to future landsliding. These results provide insights into the processes and 3‐D feedbacks that lead to slope instability along other convergent margins.
Neutral Exospheric Temperatures From the GOLD Mission
Authors: Evans J. S. , Lumpe J. D. , Correira J. , Veibell V. , Kyrwonos A. , McClintock W. E. , Solomon S. C. , Eastes R. W.
Published: June 2020

Observations of far‐ultraviolet (FUV) dayglow by the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provide a new opportunity for determining how geomagnetic storms alter the temperature of the thermosphere and enable us to quantify the global‐scale response of the thermosphere to solar extreme‐ultraviolet (EUV) variability. Relative temperature changes can be measured by monitoring changes in the scale height of molecular nitrogen as observed in Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) band emissions. Mean scale heights are derived from GOLD FUV observations using Chapman function fits to altitude profiles of LBH band emissions. We provide an overview of the theoretical basis for the GOLD Level 2 exospheric temperature algorithm, including a generalization of a standard Chapman function fitting technique to allow for gravity and temperature gradients. Effects on derived exospheric temperatures from instrument artifacts and stars in the GOLD field of view are reviewed. We also discuss GOLD Level 1C LIM and Level 2 TLIMB data products and present representative examples of each. We show that exospheric temperatures vary with local time and correlate weakly with solar activity but more strongly with geomagnetic activity. Finally, we present results from a preliminary data product validation that show good qualitative agreement with predictions from a global reference atmospheric model.
Microcontinents and Continental Fragments Associated With Subduction Systems
Authors: van den Broek J. M. , Gaina C.
Published: June 2020

Microcontinents and continental fragments are small pieces of continental crust that are surrounded by oceanic lithosphere. Although classically associated with passive margin formation, here we present several preserved microcontinents and continental fragments associated with subduction systems. They are located in the Coral Sea, South China Sea, central Mediterranean and Scotia Sea regions, and a “proto‐microcontinent,” in the Gulf of California. Reviewing the tectonic history of each region and interpreting a variety of geophysical data allows us to identify parameters controlling the formation of microcontinents and continental fragments in subduction settings. All these tectonic blocks experienced long, complex tectonic histories with an important role for developing inherited structures. They tend to form in back‐arc locations and separate from their parent continent by oblique or rotational kinematics. The separated continental pieces and associated marginal basins are generally small and their formation is quick (<50 Myr). Microcontinents and continental fragments formed close to large continental masses tend to form faster than those created in systems bordered by large oceanic plates. A common triggering mechanism for their formation is difficult to identify, but seems to be linked with rapid changes of complex subduction dynamics. The young ages of all contemporary pieces found in situ suggest that microcontinents and continental fragments in these settings are short lived. Although presently the amount of in‐situ subduction‐related microcontinents is meager (an area of 0.56% and 0.28% of global, non‐cratonic, continental crustal area and crustal volume, respectively), through time microcontinents contributed to terrane amalgamation and larger continent formation.
Altered brain metabolism contributes to executive function deficits in school-aged children born very preterm
Authors: Schnider Barbara , Tuura Ruth , Disselhoff Vera , Latal Bea , Wehrle Flavia Maria , Hagmann Cornelia Franziska ,   the EpoKids Research Group
Published: June 2020

Background

Executive function deficits in children born very preterm (VPT) have been linked to anatomical abnormalities in white matter and subcortical brain structures. This study aimed to investigate how altered brain metabolism contributes to these deficits in VPT children at school-age.

Methods

Fifty-four VPT participants aged 8–13 years and 62 term-born peers were assessed with an executive function test battery. Brain metabolites were obtained in the frontal white matter and the basal ganglia/thalami, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, glutamate + glutamine (Glx)/Cr, and myo-Inositol (mI)/Cr were compared between groups and associations with executive functions were explored using linear regression.

Results

In the frontal white matter, VPT showed lower Glx/Cr (mean difference: −5.91%, 95% CI [−10.50, −1.32]), higher Cho/Cr (7.39%, 95%-CI [2.68, 12.10]), and higher mI/Cr (5.41%, 95%-CI [0.18, 10.64]) while there were no differences in the basal ganglia/thalami. Lower executive functions were associated with lower frontal Glx/Cr ratios in both groups (β = 0.16,p = 0.05) and higher mI/Cr ratios in the VPT group only (interaction:β = −0.17,p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Long-term brain metabolite alterations in the frontal white matter may be related to executive function deficits in VPT children at school-age.

Impact

Very preterm birth is associated with long-term brain metabolite alterations in the frontal white matter.

Such alterations may contribute to deficits in executive function abilities.

Injury processes in the brain can persist for years after the initial insult.

Our findings provide new insights beyond structural and functional imaging, which help to elucidate the processes involved in abnormal brain development following preterm birth.

Ultimately, this may lead to earlier identification of children at risk for developing deficits and more effective interventions.
A randomized, double-blind, active placebo-controlled study of efficacy, safety, and durability of repeated vs single subanesthetic ketamine for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Shiroma Paulo R. , Thuras Paul , Wels Joseph , Albott C. Sophia , Erbes Christopher , Tye Susannah , Lim Kelvin O.
Published: June 2020

The strategy of repeated ketamine in open-label and saline-control studies of treatment-resistant depression suggested greater antidepressant response beyond a single ketamine. However, consensus guideline stated the lack of evidence to support frequent ketamine administration. We compared the efficacy and safety of single vs. six repeated ketamine using midazolam as active placebo. Subjects received either six ketamine or five midazolam followed by a single ketamine during 12 days followed by up to 6-month post-treatment period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score at 24 h after the last infusion. Fifty-four subjects completed all six infusions. For the primary outcome measure, there was no significant difference in change of MADRS scores between six ketamine group and single ketamine group at 24 h post-last infusion. Repeated ketamine showed greater antidepressant efficacy compared to midazolam after five infusions before receiving single ketamine infusion. Remission and response favored the six ketamine after infusion 4 and 5, respectively, compared to midazolam before receiving single ketamine infusion. For those who responded, the median time-to-relapse was nominally but not statistically different (2 and 6 weeks for the single and six ketamine group, respectively). Repeated infusions were relatively well-tolerated. Repeated ketamine showed greater antidepressant efficacy to midazolam after five infusions but fell short of significance when compared to add-on single ketamine to midazolam at the end of 2 weeks. Increasing knowledge on the mechanism of ketamine should drive future studies on the optimal balance of dosing ketamine for maximum antidepressant efficacy with minimum exposure.
Tumour budding and its clinical implications in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Zlobec Inti , Berger Martin D. , Lugli Alessandro
Published: June 2020

Tumour budding in colorectal cancer has become an important prognostic factor. Represented by single cells or small tumour cell clusters at the invasion front of the tumour mass, these tumour buds seem to reflect cells in a ‘hybrid’ state of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and evidence indicates that the presence of these entities is associated with lymph node metastasis, local recurrence and distant metastatic disease. The International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) has highlighted a scoring system for the reporting of tumour budding in colorectal cancer, as well as different clinical scenarios that could affect patient management. Other organs are not spared: tumour budding has been described in numerous gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we give an update on ITBCC validation studies in the context of colorectal cancer and the clinical implications of tumour budding throughout the upper gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary tract.
Electromagnetic character of the competitive γγ/γ-decay from 137mBa
Authors: Söderström P.-A. , Capponi L. , Açıksöz E. , Otsuka T. , Tsoneva N. , Tsunoda Y. , Balabanski D. L. , Pietralla N. , Guardo G. L. , Lattuada D. , Lenske H. , Matei C. , Nichita D. , Pappalardo A. , Petruse T.
Published: June 2020

Second-order processes in physics is a research topic focusing attention from several fields worldwide including, for example, non-linear quantum electrodynamics with high-power lasers, neutrinoless double-β decay, and stimulated atomic two-photon transitions. For the electromagnetic nuclear interaction, the observation of the competitive double-γ decay from 137mBa has opened up the nuclear structure field for detailed investigation of second-order processes through the manifestation of off-diagonal nuclear polarisability. Here, we confirm this observation with an 8.7σ significance, and an improved value on the double-photon versus single-photon branching ratio as 2.62 × 10−6(30). Our results, however, contradict the conclusions from the original experiment, where the decay was interpreted to be dominated by a quadrupole-quadrupole component. Here, we find a substantial enhancement in the energy distribution consistent with a dominating octupole-dipole character and a rather small quadrupole-quadrupole component in the decay, hindered due to an evolution of the internal nuclear structure. The implied strongly hindered double-photon branching in 137mBa opens up the possibility of the double-photon branching as a feasible tool for nuclear-structure studies on off-diagonal polarisability in nuclei where this hindrance is not present.
Uncovering the effects of interface-induced ordering of liquid on crystal growth using machine learning
Authors: Freitas Rodrigo , Reed Evan J.
Published: June 2020

The process of crystallization is often understood in terms of the fundamental microstructural elements of the crystallite being formed, such as surface orientation or the presence of defects. Considerably less is known about the role of the liquid structure on the kinetics of crystal growth. Here atomistic simulations and machine learning methods are employed together to demonstrate that the liquid adjacent to solid-liquid interfaces presents significant structural ordering, which effectively reduces the mobility of atoms and slows down the crystallization kinetics. Through detailed studies of silicon and copper we discover that the extent to which liquid mobility is affected by interface-induced ordering (IIO) varies greatly with the degree of ordering and nature of the adjacent interface. Physical mechanisms behind the IIO anisotropy are explained and it is demonstrated that incorporation of this effect on a physically-motivated crystal growth model enables the quantitative prediction of the growth rate temperature dependence.
Epigenetic regulation of spurious transcription initiation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Le Ngoc Tu , Harukawa Yoshiko , Miura Saori , Boer Damian , Kawabe Akira , Saze Hidetoshi
Published: June 2020

In plants, epigenetic regulation is critical for silencing transposons and maintaining proper gene expression. However, its impact on the genome-wide transcription initiation landscape remains elusive. By conducting a genome-wide analysis of transcription start sites (TSSs) using cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) sequencing, we show that thousands of TSSs are exclusively activated in various epigenetic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and referred to as cryptic TSSs. Many have not been identified in previous studies, of which up to 65% are contributed by transposons. They possess similar genetic features to regular TSSs and their activation is strongly associated with the ectopic recruitment of RNAPII machinery. The activation of cryptic TSSs significantly alters transcription of nearby TSSs, including those of genes important for development and stress responses. Our study, therefore, sheds light on the role of epigenetic regulation in maintaining proper gene functions in plants by suppressing transcription from cryptic TSSs.