bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuric nephrosis, and crystalline nephropathy in a captive bottlenose dolphin
Authors: Nueangphuet Phawut , Hamano Takahisa , Hirai Takuya , Sakaguchi Yui , Sonoda Hiroko , Otsuka Mika , Yamato Osamu , Hobo Seiji , Ikeda Masahiro , Yamaguchi Ryoji
Published: April 2022

A 5-y-old female bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus) from an aquarium in Japan had clinical signs of anorexia, vomiting, and bradykinesia. Enrofloxacin and lactated Ringer solution were administered for treatment of bacterial infection and for rehydration. Elevations of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were detected on day 4 of treatment, indicating that rhabdomyolysis had developed on day 3. On day 5, serum creatinine and urea concentrations increased and remained high throughout the remaining treatment; the dolphin died on day 16. Postmortem examination revealed massive necrosis of the longissimus dorsi muscles. Histologic examination revealed extensive necrosis of skeletal myofibers, multifocal renal tubular necrosis with intratubular casts and crystals, and suppurative bronchopneumonia. The renal casts labeled positively with anti-myoglobin antibody; expression of aquaporin-1 was decreased in renal tubules compared to normal kidney tissue. To our knowledge, this description of clinicopathologic findings of rhabdomyolysis leading to acute kidney injury with concomitant crystalline nephropathy has not been reported previously in a bottlenose dolphin.
Effects of Disability Severity on the Family Burden of Home-Dwelling Uygur and Kazakh Aged in Rural Western China: Family Function as a Mediator
Authors: Tang Xueting , Zhao Shuhua , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhou Jia , Wang Yuhuan , He Bin
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Caring for the disabled elderly puts heavy burdens on their families. This study aimed to explore family function (FF) as a mediator in the relationship between disability severity (DS) and family burden (FB) of the Uygur and Kazakh home-dwelling disabled elderly cared for by informal caregivers in China.

Method:

A cross-sectional design with multistage sampling was used to recruit 431 families with Uygur and Kazakh disabled elderly in Bortala, Xinjiang, China. Data were collected using the Activities of Daily Living Scale, Family Burden Interview Schedule, and Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve Index Scale and then analyzed using hierarchical regression.

Results:

FF had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between DS and FB (β = 0.131; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.074, 0.197]; p < .01); the effective rate was 41.46%.

Discussion:

Multidisciplinary care teams should implement targeted interventions to improve FF of the disabled elderly to alleviate FB.
Independent Living Coordinators’ Effects on Intangible Domains in an Independent Living Program
Authors: Nathans Laura L. , Chaffers Lori J.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study involved an evaluation of the role of the Independent Living Coordinator (ILC) in a. Email multi-domain Independent Living program (ILP). It focused on the intangible domains of health/mental health, support, and prevention.

Method

One hundred and nineteen ILP plans from 97 foster youth were coded to determine which goals were achieved for foster youth between the ages of 14 and 21. Quotations from case notes and IL plans were selected to illustrate the role of the ILC.

Results

Results demonstrated that ILCs were effective in achieving goals regarding mental health counseling and medication management and practical support for finances and transportation. ILCs struggled to promote peer support, romantic relationships, and use of birth control.

Discussion

ILCs play roles in supporting foster youths’ transition into adulthood. ILCs were successful based on the types of goals, their understanding of developmental needs, and access to resources. Future research should involve randomized control trial evaluations.
Novel Digital Workflow for Nasoalveolar Molding and Postoperative Nasal Stent for Infants With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Carter Chad B. , Gallardo, Francisco F. , Colburn Hannah E. , Schlieder Daniel W.
Published: April 2022

Objective

We present a novel digital workflow to provide presurgical infant orthopedic (PSIO) treatment for a patient with a unilateral cleft lip/palate utilizing nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and a custom postsurgical nasal stent.

Setting

Within the US military healthcare system, the Joint Base San Antonio Craniofacial Anomalies Team utilizes dental scanners, predictive 3D modeling software, and 3D printing technology in a digital workflow for NAM appliance fabrication.

Workflow

Soft tissue facial scanning, peri-oral scanning, and dental putty impressions are used to facilitate fabrication and measure outcomes. Digital modeling software and 3D resin printing are utilized to manufacture the prescribed devices.

Main Outcome Measures and Results

Extra-oral facial scans and intra-oral impressions are compared between 3 timepoints: pre-treatment, posttreatment with NAM, and postsurgical treatment.

Conclusions

The ability to share workflows, establish outcome standards, and streamline patient care will continue to advance best practices in digital PSIO.
Formula Otorrhea in Pediatric Patients With Cleft Palate
Authors: Gathman Tyler J. , Choi Janet S. , Roby Brianne B. , Huang Tina
Published: April 2022

The case series details 2 unusual cases of male newborns with cleft lip and palate (CLP) that later developed formula otorrhea. Both patients underwent bilateral myringotomies with the insertion of pressure equalizing (PE) tubes for chronic otitis media with effusion (OME). Chronic otorrhea associated with feeding occurred post-PE tube insertion and the otorrhea was later confirmed to be due to reflux of formula. Patients were treated with antibiotic ear drops, routine ear cleaning, anti-reflux medication, and reflux precautions. After definite cleft palate repair, formula otorrhea completely resolved. When patients with CLP develop chronic OME or otorrhea following PE tube placement, reflux of formula into the middle ear should be considered and treated accordingly.
Educational Reform to Correct the Past: Namibian Evidence
Authors: Sartorius von Bach Helmke Jens , Nuppenau Ernst August
Published: April 2022

This paper used graduation statistics of the Namibian secondary higher education over two decades to determine linkages to human capital of the youth and its multiplication into economic development. The paper assessed the effect of regional differences to show historic educational discrimination and why the education reform was required to correct the skewed past. It was hypothesized that the educational reform would result into improvements of the academic levels within the disadvantaged regions and anticipated that the correction will partly have negative effects on the previously advantaged regions. By applying panel data, the paper attempts to simultaneously address the complex relationships of development, education, and the underlying causalities within the economic system of Namibia. Concepts in the testing of socio-economic components are done by looking at confounding logics, stochastics, and the use of latent variables to determine linkages by using the canonical correlation method. This approach could be extended in future as guide for decisions on education. Our study shows that the implementation of the Namibian education reform resulted into increased enrolment numbers, but unfortunately also into the declining of academic levels, combined with the narrowing of learners’ outputs. The reform response in the previously disadvantaged regions was slower than expected. Findings of the longitudinal data show that education levels in Namibia partly contributed towards human capital formation to multiply into economic development. The study shows that the method of analyzing linkages between cause and effect by means of causality provides advantages for analysis. The results confirm findings that human capital formation has a positive effect on the country's economic status, but for efficacy analysis of policy, we need regional information.
Metastatic Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma Mimicking a Primary Ovarian Mucinous Tumour – Clinical, Radiologic, Pathologic and Molecular Correlation
Authors: Yang Hang , Yuan Ren , Alex Deepu , Hughesman Curtis , Liu Shiru , Lee Ursula , Zhou Chen , Wang Gang
Published: April 2022

We describe an interesting case of a patient who presented with a large adnexal mass, first favored to be mucinous carcinoma of the gynecologic origin. The primary tumour site was ascertained after the patient's small bowel was resected by identifying an adenomatous component evolving into an invasive adenocarcinoma identical in morphology and immunophenotype to the ovarian tumour. Notably, both tumours were found to harbor a BRAF K601E mutation, which is extremely rare for a primary of the ovary. BRAF mutations are present in a subset of large bowel and small bowel adenocarcinoma, but our case shows the first instance of a BRAF K601E mutation being present in a small bowel adenocarcinoma, to the best of our knowledge. This case serves as a great illustration of the pivotal role of molecular diagnostics in modern pathology in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Additionally, it is an excellent example of how clinical-radiologic-pathologic-molecular correlation plays into the landscape of molecular pathology to deliver optimal care for the patient.
Intimate Partner Violence Against Women During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: A Multicenter Survey Involving Anti-Violence Centers
Authors: Romito Patrizia , Pellegrini Martina , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe
Published: April 2022

This study explores intimate partner violence (IPV) evolution during the lockdown with a sample of 238 women (44% cohabitating and 56% not cohabitating with the perpetrator), attending five antiviolence centers in Italy (June–September 2020). Questions included 12 items on IPV and, for each item, a question about whether violence increased/stayed the same/decreased during lockdown; an indicator of IPV modifications was constructed. Two distinct patterns, confirmed after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, emerged: IPV increased for 28% of cohabitating and decreased for 56% of non-cohabitating women. Such results suggest the efficacy of physical distancing—strictly controlled by the State—in the prevention of IPV.
Fetal Description of the Pancreatic Agenesis and Holoprosencephaly Syndrome Associated to a Specific CNOT1 Variant
Authors: Cospain Auriane , Faoucher Marie , Cauchois Aurélie , Carre Wilfrid , Quelin Chloé , Dubourg Christèle
Published: April 2022

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease, which can be associated with various prenatal comorbidities not always detectable on prenatal ultrasound. We report on the case of a foetus carrying a semi-lobar HPE diagnosed at ultrasound, for which a fetal autopsy and a whole exome sequencing were performed following a medical termination of pregnancy. Neuropathological examination confirmed the semi-lobar HPE and general autopsy disclosed a total pancreas agenesis. Whole exome sequencing found the CNOT1 missense c.1603C>T, p.(Arg535Cys), occurring de novo in the foetus. The same variant was previously reported in 5 unrelated children. All individuals had HPE, and 4 out of 5 presented endo- and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or total pancreas agenesis. CNOT1 encodes a subunit of the CCRN4-NOT complex, expressed at the early stage of embryonic development. This report is the first fetal description of the phenotype associating HPE and pancreatic agenesis linked to the recurrent CNOT1 missense c.1603C>T, p.(Arg535Cys). This finding strengthens the hypothesis of a specific recurrent variant associated with a particular phenotype of HPE and pancreas agenesis. The fetal autopsy that revealed the pancreas agenesis was crucial in guiding the genetic diagnosis and enabling accurate genetic counselling.
Spatio-Temporal Variation of Malaria Incidence and Risk Factors in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Eniyew , Alemu Gelaye Kassahun , Dessie Awrajaw , Shimelash Alebachew , Asmare Biachew , Deml Yikeber Argachew , Lamore Yonas , Temesgen Tegegne , Demissie Biruk , Teym Abraham
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Malaria is a life-threatening acute febrile illness which is affecting the lives of millions globally. Its distribution is characterized by spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Detection of the space-time distribution and mapping high-risk areas is useful to target hot spots for effective intervention.

Methods:

Time series cross sectional study was conducted using weekly malaria surveillance data obtained from Amhara Public Health Institute. Poisson model was fitted to determine the purely spatial, temporal, and space-time clusters using SaTScan™ 9.6 software. Spearman correlation, bivariate, and multivariable negative binomial regressions were used to analyze the relation of the climatic factors to count of malaria incidence.

Result:

Jabitenan, Quarit, Sekela, Bure, and Wonberma were high rate spatial cluster of malaria incidence hierarchically. Spatiotemporal clusters were detected. A temporal scan statistic identified 1 risk period from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2015. The adjusted incidence rate ratio showed that monthly average temperature and monthly average rainfall were independent predictors for malaria incidence at all lag-months. Monthly average relative humidity was significant at 2 months lag.

Conclusion:

Malaria incidence had spatial, temporal, spatiotemporal variability in West Gojjam zone. Mean monthly temperature and rainfall were directly and negatively associated to count of malaria incidence respectively. Considering these space-time variations and risk factors (temperature and rainfall) would be useful for the prevention and control and ultimately achieve elimination.
Mainstream novelty: Examining the shifting visibility of drag performance
Authors: Zaslow Shayne
Published: April 2022

This mixed-methods analysis seeks to understand the shifting visibility of drag performance in the wake of RuPaul’s Drag Race and increasing mainstream exposure. Using a publics/counterpublics framing popularized by Michael Warner, this work argues that RuPaul’s Drag Race has become a drag “public,” while drag at the local level has shifted from insular subculture to counterpublic. This shift is marked by both a new and different hierarchy of drag performance that has altered the drag scene on all levels. This hierarchy imposes standards and expectations about how drag, as an embodied art on the local level, “should” look which influences drag’s reception.
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of cold metal transfer (CMT) spot aluminium-steel weld-brazed joints
Authors: Singh Jaivindra , Arora Kanwer Singh , Shukla Dinesh Kumar , Kumar Himansh
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to optimize the process parameters and to analyze the evolution of mechanical and microstructural properties during CMT spot weld-brazing of dissimilar materials aluminium-steel. In doing so, process parameters including hold time, hole diameter and pre-setting gap were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal design and then the microstructure of the interfacial region was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Shear-tensile testing was performed to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of the joints. It was observed that the strength of spot weld-brazed joints is primarily dependent on the interfacial area and intermetallic compounds at the interface. High hold time and wider hole diameter resulted in poor joint strength due to excessive intermetallic formation and an unfilled region in the joint. In addition, Cyclogram revealed that the joining process was comparatively unstable for the wider hole and high hold time due to the formation of zinc fumes. The provision of a pre-setting gap in between the sheets showed a positive impact on the joint strength.
‘Then we decided not to tell the adults’. Fieldwork among children in an international school
Authors: Korpela Mari
Published: April 2022

This article discusses ethnographic fieldwork among nine- and ten-year-old children in an international school in Finland. It elaborates on the myth of going native and on the researcher’s performance and negotiation of various roles, along with the improvisation this requires. Ethnographers cannot escape certain roles that are given to them but they can strategically use these and other roles to establish rapport and gain rich knowledge. When adults study children in an institutional setting, such as a school, they have to take into account the views and expectations of not only the children themselves but also the adults who work there. The article argues that reciprocity is an essential part of a successful ethnographic endeavour and analyses the significance of the researcher’s reciprocal involvement when conducting fieldwork among children in a school.
Becoming Asian (American)? Inter-ethnic differences in racial, ethnic, and American identities for Asian American adults
Authors: Casarez Raul S , Farrell Allan , Bratter Jenifer L , Zhang Xiaorui , Mehta Sharan Kaur
Published: April 2022

Asian Americans’ incorporation into American society is structured by interactions with a racial hierarchy that presents greater barriers for some ethnic groups more than others. The racialized assimilation framework predicts that experiences of discrimination shape incorporation into US society. This study investigates the impact of discrimination on the importance placed on three identities—racial, ethnic, American identity—relative to indicators of structural assimilation. Using the post-election wave of the 2016 National Asian American Survey ( N = 3923), we estimate multivariable models to explore the centrality of racial, ethnic, and American identity among an ethnically diverse sample of Asian Americans. Regardless of ethnic group, a large majority deem American as a central identity, with greater variation in race and ethnicity centrality. Discriminatory encounters increased centrality of racial and American identity; meanwhile, educational attainment drives down the centrality of racial identity, though exerting no impact on American identity centrality. Ethnicity moderates these relationships as discrimination enhances racial identity centrality for Koreans, Indians, and Japanese but drives down racial centrality for Chinese adults. Findings reveal that racialized encounters are a distinctive component of the assimilation process resulting in variable expressions of identity among Asian Americans, revealing identity variation across Asian American ethnic groups.
Ethics of recommending weight loss in older adults: A case study
Authors: Mills Christine Marie
Published: April 2022

Healthcare professionals may confront ethical issues in practice, particularly when their values conflict with that of their patients or clients. This paper explores an ethical case study in which a dietitian who practices Health at Every Size® has an older adult client who wishes to lose weight. The dietitian believes that losing weight is inappropriate for this client. Using a framework for ethical decision making, this article explores the problem or dilemma, identifies the potential issues involved, discusses the relevant ethical codes, laws, and regulations, and explores possible courses of action and their consequences. By exploring an ethical issue that healthcare professionals may encounter in practice, we can gain a deeper understanding of ethical decision making.
School-Based Interventions for Child and Adolescent Victims of Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Wichmann Michelle L-Y , Pawils Silke , Richters Julia , Metzner Franka
Published: April 2022

Background: Interpersonal violence against children and adolescents can affect their mental health and functioning in the long term. To reduce mental health problems in children and adolescents, school-based mental health interventions have been shown to be beneficial. A review of school-based interventions designed to mitigate posttraumatic symptoms after interpersonal violence is lacking to date. Methods: We searched for original studies published in English or German until November 2019 in 6 electronic databases. Supplementary search strategies to reduce publication bias were implemented. Peer-reviewed original studies assessing school-based interventions for children and adolescents under the age of 21 after interpersonal violence were included. Relevant data was extracted, synthesised and assessed qualitatively. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed. Results: Of 5,021 unduplicated publications, 15 studies met eligibility criteria. The included studies were almost exclusively conducted in the USA; over half utilised a randomised-controlled design. Studies mainly focussed on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression. In all studies, implemented interventions partially or fully mitigated posttraumatic symptoms. Nine school-based interventions, five of which were based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), were identified. School staff were often involved in intervention implementation besides mental health professionals. Conclusions: School-based interventions can be beneficial to reduce mental health problems in children and adolescents after interpersonal violence. Trained school staff aided by mental health professionals can implement trauma-informed practices at school. While school-based interventions may be a feasible way to provide children and adolescents with accessible mental health care, further research on school-based trauma interventions outside the USA is necessary.
The Dismantling of Growth Management in Florida?: The Consistency Mandate, Policy Change, and Institutional Realignment
Authors: Linkous Evangeline R.
Published: April 2022

In 1985, Florida established a groundbreaking approach to growth management and intergovernmental relations, which the state’s 2011 Community Planning Act is widely described as ending. This paper presents a history and institutional analysis of policy changes for the State’s core consistency doctrine. It concludes that the CPA did not end growth management since Florida retains the mandate for local planning consistent with state growth management criteria and subject to state review. However, it does formalize diminished state authority over local planning. Florida’s current institutional arrangement for planning involves an assertive state rule-making stance, but shifts planning responsibility to local governments.
Evidencing Predictors of Adolescent to Parent Violence Re-Offending Through Linkage of Police and Health Records
Authors: Peck Allison , Hutchinson Marie , Provost Steve
Published: April 2022

Current knowledge about the characteristics of adolescents involved in recidivist adolescent to parent violence offending remains limited. This study employed more than 50,000 linked administrative police (from birth) and health (from age five) data events to examine predictors of adolescent to parent violence recidivism in a geographically-distinct case series of 775 Australian adolescents. The predictive association between adverse childhood experiences, health and police involvement related characteristics and frequency of recidivism was found to vary by sex and level of exposure to parental intimate partner violence. Events occurring before an adolescent’s first offence, including sustained exposure to adverse childhood events and IPV exposure combined with sexual offence victimization, amplified the frequency of re-offending. Developmental life-course trajectories involving family violence verbal arguments, and other antisocial behaviors in mid to late adolescence, had a stronger predictive association with the frequency of re-offending. These results highlighted several key intervention points with adolescents and families across the life course.
How to Cope with an Abusive Leader? Examinations of Subordinates’ Affective Reactions, CWB-O and Turnover Intentions
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zheng Shumin , Luca Pletzer Jan , Derks Daantje , Breevaart Kimberley , Zhang Xichao
Published: April 2022

When subordinates experience abusive supervision, they often respond with “fight” (e.g., organizationally-directed counterproductive work behavior: CWB-O) or “flight” reactions (e.g., turnover intentions). Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory, we propose that negative (NA) and positive affect (PA) explain these distinct responses and that coworker emotional support differentially moderates the relationships of affective states with CWB-O and turnover intention. That is, we expect that emotional support exacerbates the mediating effect of NA, whereas it weakens the mediating effect of PA. We tested the hypothesized model in two time-lagged studies, one among subordinates ( N = 162), and the other among supervisor-subordinate dyads ( N = 255 dyads). Results confirmed that the relation between abusive supervision and CWB-O was mediated by NA, and that the relation between abusive supervision and turnover intentions was mediated by PA. Coworker emotional support strengthened the mediating effect of NA, but it did not attenuate the mediating effect of PA. These results only hold for CWB-O, not for supervisor-rated CWB-O. Explanations, implications as well as limitations and ideas for future research are discussed.
Titanium alloy piston thermo-mechanical coupling simulation and multi-objective optimization design
Authors: Zheng Bin , Fu ShengYan , Lei JiLin
Published: April 2022

To solve the problem between temperature and thermal stress of a titanium alloy piston, a multi-objective optimization method combined response surface methodology and experiment design is performed to calculate an optimal design of the titanium alloy piston. Firstly, the thermo-mechanical coupling analysis, static and dynamic characteristics analysis are carried out. The analysis results show that the thermal load has a significant influence on the piston. Secondly, the five dimensional parameters are chose as the design variables through sensitivity analysis. The piston thermo-mechanical coupling stress, deformation, mass, and the first ring groove are selected as the objective functions. By using the optimal space-filling design method, the sample points between design variables and objective functions are gained. Then, the mathematical relationship between them is obtained by the response surface method. Finally, the multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the mathematical model. After optimization, the maximum coupling deformation decreases by 3.05%, the maximum coupling stress decreases by 27.85%, the mass reduces by 5.46%. The maximum temperature of the first ring groove reduces by 12.54%. This study can provide a reference for the piston optimization design.
Reporting of clinical trial safety results in ClinicalTrials.gov for FDA-approved drugs: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Chen Krista Y , Borglund Erin M , Postema Emma Charlotte , Dunn Adam G , Bourgeois Florence T
Published: April 2022

Background

Adverse events identified during clinical trials can be important early indicators of drug safety, but complete and timely data on safety results have historically been difficult to access. The aim was to compare the availability, completeness, and concordance of safety results reported in ClinicalTrials.gov and peer-reviewed publications.

Methods

We analyzed clinical trials used in the Food and Drug Administration safety assessment of new drugs approved between 1 July 2018 and 30 June 2019. The key safety outcomes examined were all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, adverse events, and withdrawals due to adverse events. Availability of safety results was measured by the presence and timing of a record of trial-level results in ClinicalTrials.gov and a corresponding peer-reviewed publication. For the subset of trials with available results, completeness was defined as the reporting of safety results for all participants and compared between ClinicalTrials.gov and publications. To assess concordance, we compared the numeric results for safety outcomes reported in ClinicalTrials.gov and publications to results in Food and Drug Administration trial reports.

Results

Among 156 trials studying 52 drugs, 91 (58.3%) trials reported safety results in ClinicalTrials.gov and 106 (67.9%) in peer-reviewed publications (risk difference = −9.6%, 95% confidence interval = −20.3 to 1.0). All-cause mortality was reported sooner in published articles compared with ClinicalTrials.gov (log-rank test, p = 0.01). There was no difference in time to reporting for serious adverse events (p = 0.05), adverse events (p = 0.09), or withdrawals due to adverse events (p = 0.20). Complete reporting of all-cause mortality was similar in ClinicalTrials.gov and publications (74.7% vs 78.3%, respectively; risk difference = −3.6%, 95% confidence interval = −15.5 to 8.3) and higher in ClinicalTrials.gov for serious adverse events (100% vs 79.2%; risk difference = 20.8%, 95% confidence interval = 13.0 to 28.5) and adverse events (100% vs 86.8%; risk difference = 13.2%, 95% confidence interval = 6.8 to 19.7). Withdrawals due to adverse events were less often completely reported in ClinicalTrials.gov (62.6% vs 92.5%; risk difference = −29.8%, 95% confidence interval = −40.1 to −18.7). No difference was found in concordance of results between ClinicalTrials.gov and publications for all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, or withdrawals due to adverse events.

Conclusion

Safety results were available in ClinicalTrials.gov at a similar rate as in peer-reviewed publications, with more complete reporting of certain safety outcomes in ClinicalTrials.gov. Future efforts should consider adverse event reporting in ClinicalTrials.gov as an accessible data source for post-marketing surveillance and other evidence synthesis tasks.
Financial knowledge of university students in Korea and Germany
Authors: Happ Roland , Hahn Jinsoo , Jang Kyungho , Rüter Ines
Published: April 2022

This study compares the financial knowledge of Korean ( N = 1006) and German ( N = 1346) university students. The country-specific adaptations of the US-American Test of Financial Literacy was used to assess financial knowledge. Financial knowledge can be divided into three areas (everyday money management; banking; insurance). German students show a slightly higher knowledge of everyday money management and insurance. Korean students tend to be stronger in the area banking. The paper examines the impact of gender on financial knowledge and the role of financial information gathering. A gender difference is determined in Germany, but not in Korea. Male students in Germany score higher than female students. An analysis of variance shows that Korean as well as German students who inform themselves more frequently about financial topics achieve a higher financial knowledge score. The article shows that it is possible to validly measure financial knowledge in Germany and Korea, which have different economic systems.
Robust combustor design based on flame transfer function modification
Authors: von Saldern Jakob G. R. , Reumschüssel Johann Moritz , Beuth Jan Paul , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Oberleithner Kilian
Published: April 2022

Operation under stable conditions is an important prerequisite for gas turbine safety. While recent studies have focused primarily on acoustic design to avoid thermoacoustic instabilities, in the present study we shift the focus to improving stability margins by flame transfer function (FTF) modification. The flame transfer function of premixed flames is affected by various mechanisms such as variations in equivalence ratio, swirl fluctuations and shear layer instabilities. These mechanisms can be influenced by modifying parameters such as fuel distribution, injection location, swirl number or gas composition. Based on the Nyquist stability method we formulate criteria for how and at what frequencies the flame transfer function needs to be modified, in order to increase the stability margins of a thermoacoustic system. Gain and phase margin as well as the sensitivity function serve as measures of stability. The criteria are limited to single frequencies, which allows experimental FTF optimization with manageable effort. In the second part of this study it is shown that the Nyquist method can also be used as an efficient and compact way to determine whether the uncertainties of subsystems can affect the overall stability, without requiring eigenvalue calculations.
Incivility Is Rising Among American Politicians on Twitter
Authors: Frimer Jeremy A. , Aujla Harinder , Feinberg Matthew , Skitka Linda J. , Aquino Karl , Eichstaedt Johannes C. , Willer Robb
Published: April 2022

We provide the first systematic investigation of trends in the incivility of American politicians on Twitter, a dominant platform for political communication in the United States. Applying a validated artificial intelligence classifier to all 1.3 million tweets made by members of Congress since 2009, we observe a 23% increase in incivility over a decade on Twitter. Further analyses suggest that the rise was partly driven by reinforcement learning in which politicians engaged in greater incivility following positive feedback. Uncivil tweets tended to receive more approval and attention, publicly indexed by large quantities of “likes” and “retweets” on the platform. Mediational and longitudinal analyses show that the greater this feedback for uncivil tweets, the more uncivil tweets were thereafter. We conclude by discussing how the structure of social media platforms might facilitate this incivility-reinforcing dynamic between politicians and their followers.
Hyponatremia management among patients admitted to tertiary hospital: A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Zurnuq Sultan , Aljurfi Mahmoud , Albekery Mohamed , Shawaqfeh Mohammad S , Elmubark Ahmed , Vasudevan Senthilvel , Alharbi Shmeylan , Alkatheri Mohammed , Albekairy Abdulkareem M , Al Katheri Abdulmalik A
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study is to compare the adherence to the guidelines in patients presenting with hyponatremia defined as a sodium (Na) level ⩽120 mEq/L, treated with 3% hypertonic saline or normal saline. The comparison included 3% hypertonic saline use, safe serum sodium increases within 24 and 48 h, frequency of hyponatremia-related complications, and length of stay.

Methods:

This retrospective observational study enrolled 122 patients with serum sodium ⩽120 mEq/L admitted to the Internal Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to December 2017. The patients were treated with either 3% hypertonic saline or normal saline.

Results:

Of the 122 patients, 105 (83.3%) received normal saline, and 17 (13.5%) received hypertonic saline. In the normal saline group, the mean serum sodium increase at 24 h was lower (6.60 ± 4.75) compared to the hypertonic saline group (9.24 ± 5.04). The length of stay was longer in the normal saline group (10.35 ± 13.90) compared to the hypertonic saline group (4.35 ± 3.39). A small proportion (8.7%) of the normal saline group had a serum sodium increase >12 mg/dL at 24 h compared to 29.4% for the hypertonic saline group, and the difference was statistically significant (p value = 0.013). Almost one-third of the sample (36%) presented with complications, the majority (77.3%, n = 34) had a serum sodium of ⩽115 mg/dL, and 22.7% (n = 10) with a serum sodium of 116–120 mg/dL (p value = 0.041).

Conclusion:

Despite the strong recommendation for 3% hypertonic saline use in severe hyponatremia, many practitioners still use normal saline, even in patients with serum sodium ⩽120 mEq/L. Normal saline showed some efficacy in managing hyponatremia in asymptomatic cases; however, severe cases may have a delayed correction, hyponatremia-related complications, and an extended length of stay.
Association of ABO blood group with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Rupandehi district of Nepal
Authors: Gurung Sanyukta , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Shrestha Lava , Sherpali Aakash , Joshi Surya Prakash , Shrestha Gambhir , Shrestha Shailesh , Shakya Aman , Kandel Manoj
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Recent studies after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 have shown an association of the ABO blood group to the susceptibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Anti-A and anti-B antibodies, carbohydrate clustering, interleukin-6 levels and host transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 were suggested to cause the variable susceptibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection to the ABO blood groups. This study aims to find the association of the ABO blood group with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection susceptibility in Nepal.

Methods:

Population-based matched case–control study was conducted from October 2021 to February 2022 in Rupandehi district of Nepal. A total of 1091 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 cases and 2182 controls were included in the study by convenient sampling method.

Results:

A statistically significant association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was observed for the blood group AB between cases and controls (11.5% vs 8.5%; odds ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.10–1.78). However, there was no association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection for blood group A (26.7% vs 28.23%; odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval = 0.79–1.09), B (26.9% vs 29.84%; odds ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–1.02) and O (34.9% vs 33.41%; odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 0.92–1.25).

Conclusion:

This study reported slightly more susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection among individuals with blood group AB.
Japanese Nursing Students’ Motivations and Learning Needs Regarding Studying English: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Isoda Mayuka , Kondo Akiko
Published: April 2022

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine factors associated with Japanese undergraduate nursing students’ motivations and needs to study English. An online survey at one university in Tokyo was conducted from July to October 2018. This survey included students’ basic interest in and reasons for learning English, attitude toward communicating with non-Japanese people, willingness to study English, which could be related to motivations and needs to study English. Structural equation modeling was used to map the association among variables. Overall, 167 students completed the survey. The most frequently cited motivation and needs to study English were for “daily use,” such as traveling. Participation in a study tour through the university was associated with willingness to study English, which was associated with both motivation and needs. Improving curriculum and systems is necessary so that students realize the necessity of English in their clinical or professional activities, and find willingness to study English.
Application Technology on Collaborative Training of Interactive Learning Activities and Tendency Preference Diversion
Authors: Xia Xiaona
Published: April 2022

Mining problems and exploring rules are the key problems in the learning process, and also the difficulties in education big data. Therefore, taking learning behavior as the research objective, this study demonstrates the collaborative training method of multi view learning interaction process driven by big data, so as to realize the tendency preference diversion of learning behavior. Based on collaborative training method of learning behavior. Through adequate experiments, we get the suitable and valuable rules, constructs the directed topological relationship of tendency preference division, and mines the feasible improvement measures and intervention mechanism. Experiments and practices show that the potential topological relationship can effectively improve and enable learning, and improve the assessment results.
Rethinking internationalization at home from a system perspective: Evidence from China’s higher education institutions
Authors: Zhang You
Published: April 2022

This study explores the strengths and more importantly the limitations of the current research of Internationalization at Home (IaH) in relation to equity. To do this, I draw on a survey of Chinese university students to 1) examine the relationship between their intercultural interaction with international students, partly operationalizing IaH, and their intercultural competence; 2) compare the effects of intercultural interaction and study abroad on students’ intercultural competence; and 3) examine the extent to which students’ opportunities for intercultural interaction with international students depends on the type of their institutional affiliation. It finds that study abroad, interaction with international students and learning foreign languages are positively associated with students’ intercultural competence. However, the effects of study abroad and intercultural interaction do not differ and are not additive. It also finds that students from prestigious universities are more likely to have high intercultural interaction with international students. The findings confirm the strength of IaH as an equitable approach at the institutional level. However, it raises questions on the impact of systemic inequities on IaH and calls for rethinking the objective of IaH for all students from a system perspective.
Beyond the Gaiatsu Model: Japan’s Asia-Pacific Policy and Neoclassical Realism
Authors: Vidal Lluc López i
Published: April 2022

Literature has tended to characterise Japanese foreign policy as primarily reactive to US interests, with many analyses focusing on aspects such as the gaiatsu or US pressure on Tokyo. Some analysts go further and depict Japan as a ‘reactive state’ with a foreign policy characterised as passive, risk-avoiding, ineffective and lacking of assertiveness. Accordingly, changes in Japanese diplomacy occur as a response to international stimuli rather than to domestic needs. However, while outside pressure is crucial in accounting for Japan’s foreign policy, approaches based solely on the gaiatsu/‘reactive state thesis’ fail to provide a full explanation of Japan’s behaviour, particularly in the promotion of regional initiatives. This article studies Japan’s post-Cold War Asian regional policy and shows that its Asia-Pacific strategy cannot be explained as merely a reactive policy with a tendency to concede to US pressure. We aim to fill this gap by adopting a neoclassical realist approach that incorporates gaiatsu and their interplay with intervening variables at the individual and domestic levels. We demonstrate that domestic political actors have played a primary role in defining Tokyo’s Asia-Pacific policy choices and argue that Japan has pursued a relatively independent regional strategy vis-à-vis the USA in the post-Cold War period.
Book review: Yoichi Funabashi and G John Ikenberry. 2020. The Crisis of Liberal Internationalism: Japan and the World Order
Authors: Sethi Aakriti
Published: April 2022

Yoichi Funabashi and G John Ikenberry. 2020. The Crisis of Liberal Internationalism: Japan and the World Order. Brookings Institution Press. 415 pp. (Paperback). ISBN: 9780815737674.
Orofacial pain disorders: An overview and diagnostic approach
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , Oppermann Thalea
Published: April 2022

Background:

Non-dental orofacial pain disorders are not uncommon, but idiopathic or primary facial pain syndromes are rare. Inadequate recognition of these disorders usually leads to unsatisfactory and unmet treatment needs.

Methods:

We conducted a narrative review with a literature search in PubMed until December 2021, focusing on current guidelines and the recently published International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP).

Results:

In this paper, we provide an updated overview of the common orofacial pain disorders following the ICOP, covering the classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical approaches, and treatment options. Additionally, we propose a pragmatic approach focusing on the attack duration to improve distinguishing orofacial disorders.

Conclusion:

The introduction of ICOP offers the opportunity to better coordinate and concentrate scientific efforts, which lays the foundation for the identification of the disease mechanism of facial pain disorders and the optimization of the currently still insufficient therapeutic strategies.
Genetic diversity and population structure of six autochthonous pig breeds from Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia
Authors: Zorc Minja , Škorput Dubravko , Gvozdanović Kristina , Margeta Polona , Karolyi Danijel , Luković Zoran , Salajpal Krešimir , Savić Radomir , Muñoz Maria , Bovo Samuele , Djurkin Kušec Ivona , Radović Čedomir , Kušec Goran , Čandek Potokar Marjeta , Dovč Peter
Published: April 2022

Background

The importance of local breeds as genetic reservoirs of valuable genetic variation is well established. Pig breeding in Central and South-Eastern Europe has a long tradition that led to the formation of several local pig breeds. In the present study, genetic diversity parameters were analysed in six autochthonous pig breeds from Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia (Banija spotted, Black Slavonian, Turopolje pig, Swallow-bellied Mangalitsa, Moravka and Krskopolje pig). Animals from each of these breeds were genotyped using microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The results obtained with these two marker systems and those based on pedigree data were compared. In addition, we estimated inbreeding levels based on the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and identified genomic regions under selection pressure using ROH islands and the integrated haplotype score (iHS).

Results

The lowest heterozygosity values calculated from microsatellite and SNP data were observed in the Turopolje pig. The observed heterozygosity was higher than the expected heterozygosity in the Black Slavonian, Moravka and Turopolje pig. Both types of markers allowed us to distinguish clusters of individuals belonging to each breed. The analysis of admixture between breeds revealed potential gene flow between the Mangalitsa and Moravka, and between the Mangalitsa and Black Slavonian, but no introgression events were detected in the Banija spotted and Turopolje pig. The distribution of ROH across the genome was not uniform. Analysis of the ROH islands identified genomic regions with an extremely high frequency of shared ROH within the Swallow-bellied Mangalitsa, which harboured genes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and daily weight gain. The iHS approach to detect signatures of selection revealed candidate regions containing genes with potential roles in reproduction traits and disease resistance.

Conclusions

Based on the estimation of population parameters obtained from three data sets, we showed the existence of relationships among the six pig breeds analysed here. Analysis of the distribution of ROH allowed us to estimate the level of inbreeding and the extent of homozygous regions in these breeds. The iHS analysis revealed genomic regions potentially associated with phenotypic traits and allowed the detection of genomic regions under selection pressure.