bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘It gives you the skills of how you can cope’: Exploring the self‐reported experience of patients receiving in‐centre haemodialysis on participating in chosen art activities
Authors: Taylor Francesca , Drennan Vari M. , Turner Marie‐Louise , Jones Jeunita , Popoola Joyce
Published: August 2021

Background

Increasing numbers of patients are receiving dialysis, particularly in high‐income countries. Patients receiving haemodialysis often experience fatigue, anxiety, depression and boredom. It is suggested that arts activities could have a therapeutic effect.

Objective

This study aimed to explore patients' perspectives of participating while on dialysis in chosen arts and creative living activities provided by tutors at the bedside.

Design

Qualitative semi‐structured interviews in the interpretive tradition were conducted, with thematic analysis.

Setting and Participants

Fifteen patients of different ages, genders and ethnicities who participated in an arts activity while receiving haemodialysis in an inner‐city dialysis unit in England were included in this study.

Results

Participants reported positive experiences of engaging in art activities. Their views on the value of the activities were grouped into five themes: diversion from receiving haemodialysis, a sense of achievement, contribution to a more positive self‐identity, increased confidence and motivation and a therapeutic talking relationship. Participants suggested that patient peer promotion of the activities could increase uptake, with patient choice of activity seen as important.

Conclusions

Participation in a chosen arts activity while receiving haemodialysis was perceived by patients to have positive psychosocial effects. We theorize three potential explanatory mechanisms for these effects: That the experience of participating in the activities engendered positive psychological states of ‘being in the flow’; enhanced self‐esteem to add to personal coping mechanisms; and offered additional facets to the patient's identity that countered the stigmatizing effect of receiving dialysis.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients and public representatives advised on the design, research methods and tools.
Is this time really different? How the impact of the COVID‐19 crisis on labour markets contrasts with that of the global financial crisis of 2008–09
Authors: VERICK Sher , SCHMIDT‐KLAU Dorothea , LEE Sangheon
Published: August 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a more severe labour market crisis in 2020 than that witnessed during the 2009 global financial crisis. As a consequence of lockdown measures, which have been the main cause of damage to labour markets, the deepest impacts in 2020 have been found in middle‐income economies, while certain sectors, such as accommodation and food services, and groups, especially young women, have proved to be particularly vulnerable. Contrary to adjustment processes during the global financial crisis, the COVID‐19 crisis has resulted in a greater rise in inactivity than in unemployment. Policy support needs to be maintained to avoid an unequal recovery.
Household transmission of COVID‐19 among the earliest cases in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Ratovoson Rila , Razafimahatratra Rado , Randriamanantsoa Lova , Raberahona Mihaja , Rabarison Hasina Joelinotahiana , Rahaingovahoaka Fara Nirintsoa , Andriamasy Emmanuel Harizaka , Herindrainy Perlinot , Razanajatovo Norosoa , Andriamandimby Soa Fy , Dussart Philippe , Schoenhals Matthieu , Randria Mamy Jean de Dieu , Heraud Jean Michel , Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa
Published: August 2021

Background

Households are among the highest risk for the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. In sub‐Saharan Africa, very few studies have described household transmission during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our work aimed to describe the epidemiologic parameters and analyze the secondary attack rate (SAR) in Antananarivo, Madagascar, following the introduction of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the country in March 2020.

Methods

A prospective case‐ascertained study of all identified close contacts of laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infections was conducted in Antananarivo from March to June 2020. Cases and household contacts were followed for 21 days. We estimated epidemic parameters of disease transmission by fitting parametric distributions based on infector‐infected paired data. We assessed factors influencing transmission risk by analyzing the SAR.

Findings

Overall, we included 96 index cases and 179 household contacts. Adjusted with the best‐fit normal distribution, the incubation period was 4.1 days (95% CI 0.7–7.5]). The serial interval was 6.0 days (95% CI [2.4–9.6]) after adjusting with the best‐fit Weibull distribution. On average, each index case infected 1.6 family members (95%CI [0.9–2.3]). The mean SAR among close contacts was 38.8% (95% CI [19.5–58.2]) with the best‐fit gamma distribution. Contacts older than 35 years old were more likely to be infected, and the highest SAR was found among them.

Conclusion

The results of our study provide key insights into the epidemiology of the first wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Madagascar. High rates of household transmission were found in Antananarivo, emphasizing the need for preventive measures to reduce community transmission.
Uncertainty and the Bank of England's MPC
Authors: CHAPPELL HENRY W. , GREENE WILLIAM , HARRIS MARK N. , SPENCER CHRISTOPHER
Published: August 2021

We investigate how recently developed measures of uncertainty affect the voting behavior of individual Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members. To determine the precise impact of uncertainty on individual policymakers, we estimate the standard errors of member‐specific parameters in a random parameters ordered probit framework. We find that uncertainty is typically associated with voting to ease the policy stance. The Bank of England's in‐house uncertainty index plays a prominent role in driving voting behavior. Based on this measure, the MPC emerges as a diverse group of activist risk managers.
Litigating for legality: Nature conservation, commercial fisheries and disputed territoriality in Ukraine's Danube Delta
Authors: Richardson Tanya
Published: August 2021

Between 2014 and 2016, Ukraine's Danube Biosphere Reserve (DBR) administrators devoted extensive time to lawsuits in which they defended the legality of commercial fisheries in reserve territory. Two cases are discussed in order to examine what impact litigation had and why administrators pursued litigation when dominant accounts of law in Ukraine suggest that avoiding the courts might be a more likely response. It analyzes court documents and interviews gathered during anthropological research about nature conservation in the Danube Delta by combining insights from political ecology, agrarian studies, and socio‐legal scholarship on Ukraine. Even though administrators lost their cases and had to rezone the reserve, engaging in litigation helped them defend fishing commons against further enclosure by environmentalists, state officials, and business people, and to minimize predatory behavior that could exclude delta residents. This demonstrates litigation's important but often overlooked role in challenging the outcomes of natural resource‐related internal state territorialization.
Botulinum toxin–induced blepharoptosis: Anatomy, etiology, prevention, and therapeutic options
Authors: Nestor Mark S. , Han Haowei , Gade Anita , Fischer Daniel , Saban Yves , Polselli Roberto
Published: August 2021

Background

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) has grown tremendously in aesthetic dermatology since 2002 when the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved its use for treating moderate‐to‐severe glabellar lines. Blepharoptosis, due to local spread of toxin, is a reported side effect of BoNT‐A which, although rare, more frequently occurs among inexperienced practitioners.

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to highlight the causes and management of eyelid ptosis secondary to BoNT‐A administration including new anatomic pathways for BoNT‐A spread from the brow area to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, EBSCO) regarding eyelid anatomy and the underlying pathogenesis, presentation, prevention, and treatment of eyelid ptosis secondary to BoNT‐A. Anatomic dissection has been performed to assess the role of neurovascular pedicles and supraorbital foramen anatomic variations.

Results

Blepharoptosis occurs due to weakness of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Mean onset is 3–14 days after injection and eventually self‐resolves after the paralytic effect of BoNT‐A wanes. Administration of medications, such as oxymetazoline hydrochloride or apraclonidine hydrochloride eye drops, anticholinesterase agents, or transdermal BoNT‐A injections to the pre‐tarsal orbicularis, can at least partially reverse eyelid ptosis. Anatomic study shows that a supraorbital foramen may be present in some patients and constitutes a shortcut from the brow area directly into the orbital roof, following the supraorbital neurovascular pedicle.

Conclusion

Providers should understand the anatomy and be aware of the causes and treatment for blepharoptosis when injecting BoNT‐A for the reduction of facial wrinkles. Thorough anatomic knowledge of the supraorbital area and orbital roof is paramount to preventing incorrect injection into “danger zones,” which increase the risk of eyelid ptosis.
Ergonomics in follicular unit excision surgery
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Kim Na Rae , Manonukul Kotchamol
Published: August 2021

Background

Concentration and physical strength are essential for the long duration of hair transplant surgery. Because both the patient and the doctor must maintain certain postures for long periods, the importance of ergonomics cannot be understated.

Aims

To review the devices, instruments, and techniques developed for ergonomic follicular unit excision surgery, to present our experience with various ergonomic modifications, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the related devices, novel concepts, and methods.

Methods

We evaluated the scientific evidence supporting the ideas, methods, devices, and systems to help create a better ergonomic environment, and we investigated how these elements can be fine‐tuned to improve efficiency when performing follicular unit excision graft harvesting.

Results

Through innovative methods, ideas, devices, and instruments, the authors achieved a high‐quality ergonomic environment for performing follicular unit excision.

Conclusion

Follicular unit excision is a widely used technique in hair restoration surgery. However, follicular unit excision is a very laborious and time‐consuming procedure and mandates the best ergonomic conditions for both the surgeon and the patient. Therefore, it is crucial that the physician understands and appropriately adopts the various means and techniques to provide an ergonomic environment.
Lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of uterine cervix: Preoperative diagnosis and course in three cases
Authors: Ikeda Asami , Abiko Kaoru , Emoto Ikuko , Ujita Mari , Takao Yumi , Konishi Ikuo
Published: August 2021

Lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we describe three cases of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the uterine cervix and review relevant literature. All three patients initially presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Gross appearances were endophytic with ulcerated mucosa in case 1, exophytic with polypoid morphology in case 2, and unremarkable even using colposcopy and hysteroscopy in case 3. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated well‐demarcated cervical masses with high‐intermediate intensity on T2‐weighted images and high intensity on diffusion‐weighted images in all three cases. In case 3, biopsy referring to local information from magnetic resonance images was required for preoperative diagnosis. We reviewed the literature of 59 lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma cases in 19 papers published between 2001 and 2020. Preoperative diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma is sometimes challenging, although magnetic resonance imaging findings may help determine the location of the tumor and obtain a successful biopsy.
When the non‐sharing of therapeutic goals becomes the problem: The story of a consumer and his addiction to methadone
Authors: Faccio Elena , Aquili Ludovica , Anonymous  , Rocelli Michele
Published: August 2021

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

It is well known that psychotropic drugs, besides having beneficial effects, may become a source of addiction.

Drug therapy involving methadone is traditionally considered an essential medicine in the treatment for heroin dependence since it significantly reduces drug injecting and death rates associated with opioid dependence.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper investigates a paradoxical situation: the use of methadone therapy to maintain a condition of addiction rather than to overcome it. The story is told jointly by the head of a rehab centre and a young man who has developed a methadone addiction and kept it hidden for years from the operators of the addiction centre, who supplied him with the substance.

What are the implications for mental‐health nursing?

The young man's story offers a key example which can be of interest not only for addiction centres but also for all mental‐health services that supply drugs as therapy. This study examines what happens when a person taken over by a service pursues goals that are in contrast to the service mission.

Specific communication strategies have to be implemented to update and negotiate goals in continuity with the personal live project of the service user.

This story is a warning to not rely on consolidated operational practices, ignoring the investigation of personal meanings and aims of those who experience them.

Introduction

Mental health services typically follow standardized intervention protocols and systematic operating practices.

Aim/Question

This paper explores what happens when a service relies exclusively on fixed practices rather than on the negotiation of objectives and the differentiation of procedures according to the needs of the user.

Method

The analysis of the narratives produced in first person by Oliver, a former substance user, emphasizes the need of constructing a therapeutic plan in close cooperation, promoting an user active role and strengthening his affiliation in the change process.

Results and Discussion

In this specific case, the involvement of the user meant the identification of the peculiar meanings he attributed to the “substance of use,” which paradoxically coincided with the “therapeutic substance” (methadone).

Implications for Practice

Oliver's story is an effective mirror for rethinking staff conduct when it assumes that the drug is therapeutic in itself, regardless of the way the person experiences and means it, it also offers a description of the interactive ways in which the relationship between a young person and service staff proved to be effectively therapeutic.
Effects of two different acute and subchronic stressors on gastrointestinal transit in the rat: A radiographic analysis
Authors: Bagues Ana , Lopez‐Tofiño Yolanda , Galvez‐Robleño Carlos , Abalo Raquel
Published: August 2021

Background

The reaction to stress is an adaptive response necessary for survival. When stressors are repeated, the organism adapts, although these adaptive responses can become dysregulated and result in disease, causing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Radiographic methods allow the non‐invasive study of how a given factor affects GI transit in the same animal at different time points. These methods have never been applied to study the consequences of stress on GI motor function and their dependency on time and stimulus. Therefore, our aim was to characterize, using radiographic techniques, the effect on GI transit of cold‐restraint (CR) and forced swim (FS) stress applied acutely and subchronically in the rat.

Methods

Male Wistar rats (260–330 g) were submitted to FS or CR stress, during 1 (acute) or 4 (subchronic) consecutive days. To study GI transit, radiographic methods were used. Radiographs were taken 0–24 h after barium intragastric administration on the 1st or 4th day of stress, which was applied 1 h after contrast.

Results

Acute FS or CR slowed down gastric and small intestinal emptying but had opposite effects in the caecum: CR tended to accelerate barium transit and feces formation while FS tended to slow these parameters down. When the stimuli were applied subchronically, GI transit was not completely normalized in most of the studied parameters.

Conclusion and Inferences

Mild stress alters GI transit differently depending on the nature of the stressor and its duration. Exposure to mild stressors should be considered as contributing factors to different functional GI disorders.
A survey of functional dyspepsia in 361,360 individuals: Phenotypic and genetic cross‐disease analyses
Authors: Garcia‐Etxebarria Koldo , Carbone Florencia , Teder‐Laving Maris , Pandit Anita , Holvoet Lieselot , Thijs Vincent , Lemmens Robin , Bujanda Luis , Franke Andre , Zöllner Sebastian , Boehnke Michael , Zawistowski Matthew , Esko Tonu , Jan Tack , D’Amato Mauro
Published: August 2021

Background

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal condition of poorly understood pathophysiology. While symptoms’ overlap with other conditions may indicate common pathogenetic mechanisms, genetic predisposition is suspected but has not been adequately investigated.

Methods

Using healthcare, questionnaire, and genetic data from three large population‐based biobanks (UK Biobank, EGCUT, and MGI), we surveyed FD comorbidities, heritability, and genetic correlations across a wide spectrum of conditions and traits in 10,078 cases and 351,282 non‐FD controls of European ancestry.

Key Results

In UK Biobank, 281 diagnoses were detected at increased prevalence in FD, based on healthcare records. Among these, gastrointestinal conditions (OR = 4.0, p < 1.0 × 10−300), anxiety disorders (OR = 2.3, p < 1.4 × 10−27), ischemic heart disease (OR = 2.2, p < 2.3 × 10−76), and infectious and parasitic diseases (OR = 2.1, p = 1.5 × 10−73) showed strongest association with FD. Similar results were obtained in an analysis of self‐reported conditions and use of medications from questionnaire data. Based on a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis of genotypes across all cohorts, FD heritability was estimated close to 5% ( = 0.047, p = 0.014). Genetic correlations indicate FD predisposition is shared with several other diseases and traits (rg > 0.344), mostly overlapping with those also enriched in FD patients. Suggestive (p < 5.0 × 10−6) association with FD risk was detected for 13 loci, with 2 showing nominal replication (p < 0.05) in an independent cohort of 192 FD patients.

Conclusions & Inferences

FD has a weak heritable component that shows commonalities with multiple conditions across a wide spectrum of pathophysiological domains. This new knowledge contributes to a better understanding of FD etiology and may have implications for improving its treatment.
Small airway dysfunction is an independent dimension of wheezing disease in preschool children
Authors: Bokov Plamen , Jallouli‐Masmoudi Donies , Amat Flore , Houdouin Véronique , Delclaux Christophe
Published: August 2021

Background

Whether small airway dysfunction (SAD), which is prevalent in asthma, helps to characterize wheezing phenotypes is undetermined. The objective was to assess whether SAD parameters obtained from impedance measurement and asthma probability are linked.

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐nine preschool children (mean age 4.7 years, 68% boys) suffering from recurrent wheezing underwent impulse oscillometry that allowed calculating peripheral resistance and compliance of the respiratory system (markers of SAD) using the extended RIC model (central and peripheral resistance, inertance, and peripheral compliance). Children were classified using the probability‐based approach of GINA guidelines (few, some, and most having asthma). A principal component analysis (PCA) that determined the dimensions of wheezing disease evaluated the links between SAD and asthma probability.

Results

Forty‐seven children belonged to the few, 28 to the some, and 64 to the most having asthma groups. Whereas their anthropometrics and measured parameters were similar, the most having asthma group exhibited the lowest mean value of airway inertance after bronchodilator probably due to airway inhomogeneities. PCA characterized four independent dimensions including a peripheral resistance (constituted by baseline peripheral compliance, Frs, R5Hz, R5‐20Hz, X5Hz, and AX), a central resistance (baseline central resistance, R20Hz), anthropometrics (age and height), and asthma probability (wheezing patterns and therapeutic steps). Thus, PCA showed that the SAD markers were independent from clinical dimensions and were unable to differentiate wheezing phenotypes.

Conclusions

Lung function parameters obtained from impulse oscillometry and asthma probability were belonging to independent dimensions of the wheezing disease.
Perioperative anesthesia care for the pediatric patient undergoing a kidney transplantation: An educational review
Authors: Voet Marieke , Cornelissen Elisabeth A. M. , van der Jagt Michel F. P. , Lemson Joris , Malagon Ignacio
Published: August 2021

Living‐donor kidney transplantation is the first choice therapy for children with end‐stage renal disease and shows good long‐term outcome. Etiology of renal failure, co‐morbidities, and hemodynamic effects, due to donor‐recipient size mismatch, differs significantly from those in adult patients. Despite the complexities related to both patient and surgery, there is a lack of evidence‐based anesthesia guidelines for pediatric kidney transplantation. This educational review summarizes the pathophysiological changes to consider and suggests recommendations for perioperative anesthesia care, based on recent research papers.
Structuring Wellbeing*
Authors: Frugé Christopher
Published: August 2021

Many questions about wellbeing involve metaphysical dependence. Does wellbeing depend on minds? Is wellbeing determined by distinct sorts of things? Is it determined differently for different subjects? However, we should distinguish two axes of dependence. First, there are thegroundsthat generate value. Second, there are theconnectionsbetween the grounds and value which make it so that those groundsgeneratethat value. Given these distinct axes of dependence, there are distinct dimensions to questions about the dependence of wellbeing. In this paper, I offer a view of wellbeing that gives different answers with respect to these different dimensions. The view is subjectivist about connections but objectivist about grounds. Pluralist about grounds but monist about connections. Invariabilist about connections but variabilist about grounds. Thus, the view offers a simple account that captures the complexity of wellbeing.
Pandemic, Protest, and Unrest: Lessons Learned from a New Chief's First 100 Days
Authors: Cohen Galia , Fortune Brad G.
Published: August 2021

The police leader's first 100 days present a mix of unique challenges even at the best of times. What kind of challenges do new chiefs face when, during their first 100 days, a global pandemic is declared and nationwide protests and riots against police are sparked in a country under social distancing restrictions? This article discusses the first 100 days' experience of a newly appointed police chief attempting to navigate through this, already overwhelming, transition into his new role. The article identifies five “first 100‐day” domains that confronted police leaders with unprecedented challenges and required unprecedented actions. A re‐evaluation of these five key areas would help police chiefs improve their capabilities and ability to effectively respond to current challenges as well as to unforeseen future events.
Improved Retention Analysis in Freemium Role-Playing games by Jointly Modelling Players’ Motivation, Progression and Churn
Authors: Karmakar Bikram , Liu Peng , Mukherjee Gourab , Che Hai , Dutta Shantanu
Published: August 2021

We consider user retention analytics for online freemium role-playing games (RPGs). RPGs constitute a very popular genre of computer-based games that, along with a player’s gaming actions, focus on the development of the player’s in-game virtual character through a persistent exploration of the gaming environment. Most RPGs follow the freemium business model in which the gamers can play for free but they are charged for premium add-on amenities. As with other freemium products, RPGs suffer from the curse of high dropout rates. This makes retention analysis extremely important for successful operation and survival of their gaming portals. Here, we develop a disciplined statistical framework for retention analysis by modelling multiple in-game player characteristics along with the dropout probabilities. We capture players’ motivations through engagement times, collaboration and achievement score at each level of the game, and jointly model them using a generalized linear mixed model (glmm) framework that further includes a time-to-event variable corresponding to churn. We capture the interdependencies in a player’s level-wise engagement, collaboration, achievement with dropout through a shared parameter model. We illustrate interesting changes in player behaviours as the gaming level progresses. The parameters in our joint model were estimated by a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm which incorporated a divide-and-recombine approach for increased scalability in glmm estimation that was needed to accommodate our large longitudinal gaming data-set. By incorporating the level-wise changes in a player’s motivations and using them for dropout rate prediction, our method greatly improves on state-of-the-art retention models. Based on data from a popular action based RPG, we demonstrate the competitive optimality of our proposed joint modelling approach by exhibiting its improved predictive performance over competitors. In particular, we outperform aggregate statistics based methods that ignore level-wise progressions as well as progression tracking non-joint model such as the Cox proportional hazards model. We also display improved predictions of popular marketing retention statistics and discuss how they can be used in managerial decision making.
“We Foreigners Lived In Our Foreign Bubble”: Understanding Colorblind Ideology In Expatriate Narratives1
Authors: Lundström Catrin
Published: August 2021

Racial colorblindness—the desire to not “see color”—or avoiding any use of the term “race” itself, has been an antiracist imperative in post‐WWII Sweden in order to leave behind the prior era of eugenics and racial thinking. Through a multi‐sited linguistic ethnographic study, this article examines how 46 returning Swedish expatriate women talk about race and whiteness in race‐related experiences and interactions, using colorblind language. By analyzing the implicit contextual associations and dissociations made between race, language, subjectivity, and nation, a system of ideas and cognitive structures mapping perceptions and constructions of the world is exposed; of national belonging, racialized bodies, racial hierarchies, and perceptions of the West itself. In their migrant narratives, however, the categories used could be ascribed opposite meanings, depending on subjectivity and context. In this logic, language and nationality becomes “visible” or “hidden” depending on time and place, while “visible whiteness” can be associated with either an undesirable sense of difference or a set of unspoken privileges.
Estimating the Willingness to Pay for Voting when Absentee Voting is not Allowed
Authors: Chu C. Y. Cyrus , Lin S. Y. , Tsay Wen‐Jen
Published: August 2021

Objectives

The existing studies based on the rational voter theory analyze voter turnout as the aggregate of individuals' binary choice of to vote or not to vote. However, when people need to travel to vote, the cost associated with different transportation modes directly affects their voting decisions. We thus generalize the rational voter theory by taking an individual's specific choice of transportation mode into account.

Methods

We show that our proposed discrete choice model can be estimated via the approach of Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) (henceforth, BLP). We then use transportation and census data to analyze voters' behavior in Taiwan where absentee voting is not allowed.

Results

As compared to the observed 30.14 percent turnout rates of travel‐to‐vote electorates in Taiwan's 2014 local elections, the counterfactual simulations herein suggest that the turnout rates would be 61.77 percent if absentee voting were to be allowed.

Conclusion

The BLP method allows us to estimate a generalized rational voter model accounting for the transportation mode choice.
“Deep questions for a Saturday morning”: An investigation of the Australian and Canadian general public's definitions of gender
Authors: Hall Jennifer , Jao Limin , Di Placido Cinzia , Manikis Rebecca
Published: August 2021

Objective

Many studies exist about people's views of gender in a wide variety of fields. However, participants are not typically asked what they think gender means; rather, gender is presumed to have a taken‐as‐shared meaning.

Methods

As part of a larger study conducted in Australia and Canada about the general public's views of gender and mathematics, we investigated participants’ definitions of the term gender. We considered overall trends and trends by demographic group (country, gender, age, and education level).

Results

Most commonly, gender was defined as a person's feelings or self‐identification. Participants also frequently solely used the terms male and female or discussed biological features. However, response patterns varied widely by demographic group.

Conclusion

Due to these diverse and sometimes contradictory definitions, we argue that researchers cannot assume that participants have common understanding of the term gender. We conclude by providing suggestions for how gender‐focused research can be done in more transparent ways.
Evaluation of low dose famciclovir as herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus prophylaxis in cytomegalovirus low‐risk solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Crouch Ashley , Le Mariesa , Rogers Christin , Shao Sarah , Kotton Camille
Published: August 2021

Objective

Famciclovir is a recommended option for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) prophylaxis in cytomegalovirus (CMV) low‐risk solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients in current guidelines; however there is currently no data evaluating its use in SOT recipients. We conducted a multicenter provider survey on antiviral prophylaxis in CMV low‐risk SOT recipients and evaluated the efficacy and safety of once daily famciclovir antiviral prophylaxis.

Methods

Two‐part analysis consisting of a national provider survey and a retrospective chart review of 78 kidney transplant recipients at a single institution.

Results

Providers from 45 transplant centers within the United States responded to the survey. Across all organs, acyclovir 400 mg twice daily was utilized by the majority of respondents (70.4%), with most using prophylaxis for a duration of 3 months (68.8%). No respondents reported use of famciclovir at their institution. In the retrospective review there were no documented cases of HSV/VZV/CMV infection during the 3 months of famciclovir prophylaxis, and only one patient (1.3%) later developed VZV infection at 12 months post‐transplant. One patient (1.3%) required premature discontinuation of famciclovir due to concern for acute interstitial nephritis.

Conclusion

Nationwide, the most common antiviral prophylaxis used in CMV low‐risk SOT recipients is acyclovir 400 mg twice daily. Among patients receiving once daily famciclovir for CMV low‐risk antiviral prophylaxis, there was no HSV/VZV/CMV infection while on prophylaxis. Once daily famciclovir may provide an effective and convenient once daily dosing regimen for antiviral prophylaxis in CMV low‐risk SOT recipients.
Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) using three different methods
Authors: Lesiczka Paulina Maria , Modry David , Sprong Hein , Fonville Manoj , Pikula Jiri , Piacek Vladimir , Heger Tomas , Hrazdilova Kristyna
Published: August 2021

European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778) is a broadly distributed lagomorph species in Europe, recognized as a host for Ixodes ricinus and reservoir of a wide range of pathogens with zoonotic potential. Even though Lepus europaeus represents an important game animal in Central Europe, the data available on Anaplasma phagocytophilum in this lagomorph are scarce. In this study, three populations of brown hare from distinct localities in the Czech Republic were analysed for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA. We used standard qPCR, targeting the msp2 gene and adapted the same assay also for digital droplet PCR. Out of 91 samples, these two methods identified 9 and 12 as positive, respectively. For taxonomic analysis, we amplified the groEL gene from five of six samples that were found positive by both methods. In phylogenetic analyses, this haplotype belongs to ecotype 1, and to the subclade with isolates from cervids and I. ricinus. Our findings underline the importance of correct result interpretation and positivity cut‐off set‐up for different detection methods of A. phagocytophilum. This bacterium is characterized by a high intraspecific variability and highly sensitive detection itself, is not enough. Detailed molecular typing is necessary to define the zoonotic potential of different strains and their natural reservoirs.
Comparison of Model Order Reduction Methods in Thermo-Acoustic Stability Analysis
Authors: Purwar Naman , Meindl Maximilian , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Model order reduction (MOR) can play a pivotal role in reducing the cost of repeated computations of large thermo-acoustic models required for comprehensive stability analysis and optimization. In this proof-of-concept study, acoustic wave propagation is modeled with a one-dimensional (1D) network approach, while acoustic–flame interactions are modeled by a flame transfer function (FTF). Three reduction techniques are applied to the acoustic subsystem: firstly modal truncation (MT) based on preserving the acoustic eigenmodes, and then two approaches that strive to preserve the input–output transfer behavior of the acoustic subsystem, i.e., truncated balanced realization (TBR) and iterative rational Krylov algorithm (IRKA). After reduction, the reduced-order models (ROMs) are coupled with the FTF. Results show that the coupled reduced system from MT accurately captures thermo-acoustic cavity modes with weak influence of the flame, but fails for cavity modes strongly influenced by the flame as well as for intrinsic thermo-acoustic (ITA) modes. On the contrary, the coupled ROMs generated with the other two methods accurately predict all types of modes. It is concluded that reduction techniques based on preserving transfer behavior are more suitable for thermo-acoustic stability analysis.
Application to visualize simultaneous vibrations of plates and ribs in a violin
Authors: Limón Dana S. , Rentería Jatziri H. , Torres Jesús A.
Published: August 2021

A code was written to explore, in real-time, experimental operational deflection shapes up to 5 kHz of a violin soundbox. The animations can be rotated and zoomed using the mouse, while the developed graphical user interface (GUI) allows controlling the frequency, amplitude, and frame-per-second rate. Also, some parts of the model can be hidden to improve the visualization of specific details of interest. The measurements—performed by students as laboratory exercise—include the ribs and not only the plates as it is traditionally done, thus the vibrations of the soundbox can be analyzed as a whole. Since the GUI was developed under a cross-platform open-source software (scilab), it can be easily installed and used as an educational tool for traditional in-person learning or online learning.
Heart-Rate Acceleration Is Linearly Related to Anaerobic Exercise Performance
Authors: d’Unienville Noah M.A. , Nelson Maximillian J. , Bellenger Clint R. , Blake Henry T. , Buckley Jonathan D.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To prescribe training loads to improve performance, one must know how an athlete is responding to loading. The maximal rate of heart-rate increase (rHRI) during the transition from rest to exercise is linearly related to changes in endurance exercise performance and can be used to infer how athletes are responding to changes in training load. Relationships between rHRI and anaerobic exercise performance have not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate relationships between rHRI and anaerobic exercise performance. Methods: Eighteen recreational strength and power athletes (13 male and 5 female) were tested on a cycle ergometer for rHRI, 6-second peak power output, anaerobic capacity (30-s average power), and blood lactate concentration prior to (PRE), and 1 (POST1) and 3 (POST3) hours after fatiguing high-intensity interval cycling. Results: Compared with PRE, rHRI was slower at POST1 (effect size [ES] = −0.38, P = .045) but not POST3 (ES = −0.36, P = .11). PPO was not changed at POST1 (ES = −0.12, P = .19) but reduced at POST3 (ES = −0.52, P = .01). Anaerobic capacity was reduced at POST1 (ES = −1.24, P < .001) and POST3 (ES = −0.83, P < .001), and blood lactate concentration was increased at POST1 (ES = 1.73, P < .001) but not at POST3 (ES = 0.75, P = .11). rHRI was positively related to PPO (B = 0.19, P = .03) and anaerobic capacity (B = 0.14, P = .005) and inversely related to blood lactate concentration (B = −0.22, P = .04). Conclusions: rHRI is linearly related to acute changes in anaerobic exercise performance and may indicate how athletes are responding to training to guide the application of training loads.
Reduced pannexin 1–IL-33 axis function in donor livers increases risk of MRSA infection in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Li Hao , Yu Xiaoyu , Shi Baojie , Zhang Kun , Yuan Liyun , Liu Xueni , Wang Pusen , Lv Junwei , Meng Guangxun , Xuan Qiankun , Wu Wenjuan , Li Bin , Peng Xiao , Qin Xuebin , Liu Wanqing , Zhong Lin , Peng Zhihai
Published: August 2021

PANX1 modulates innate immunity in the liver via the ATP–P2X2–NLRP3–IL-33 axis and is a therapeutic target for posttransplantation MRSA infection.
Overcoming microenvironmental resistance to PD-1 blockade in genetically engineered lung cancer models
Authors: Martinez-Usatorre Amaia , Kadioglu Ece , Boivin Gael , Cianciaruso Chiara , Guichard Alan , Torchia Bruno , Zangger Nadine , Nassiri Sina , Keklikoglou Ioanna , Schmittnaegel Martina , Ries Carola H. , Meylan Etienne , De Palma Michele
Published: August 2021

Lung cancer resistance to PD-1 inhibition can be overcome by targeting tumor-associated macrophages in mouse models.
Population Informative Markers Selected Using Wright's Fixation Index and Machine Learning Improves Human Identification Using the Skin Microbiome
Authors: Sherier Allison J. , Woerner August E. , Budowle Bruce
Published: August 2021

There is a need for additional genetic information to help identify the source of biological evidence found at a crime scene. The human skin microbiome is a potentially abundant source of DNA that can enable the identification of a donor of biological evidence.
Membrane Technology for Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Rogers Madeleine J. , McManus Donald P. , Muhi Stephen , Gordon Catherine A.
Published: August 2021

Parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect over one billion people worldwide, with individuals from communities in low-socioeconomic areas being most at risk and suffering the most. Disease management programs are hindered by the lack of infrastructure and resources for clinical sample collection, storage, and transport and a dearth of sensitive diagnostic methods that are inexpensive as well as accurate.
Serologic Response toBorreliaAntigens Varies with Clinical Phenotype in Children and Young Adults with Lyme Disease
Authors: Radtke Felix A. , Ramadoss Nitya , Garro Aris , Bennett Jonathan E. , Levas Michael N. , Robinson William H. , Nigrovic Peter A. , Nigrovic Lise E.
Published: August 2021

Lyme disease is commonly diagnosed by serologic response toBorrelia burgdorferiand related species, but the relationship between serologic targets and clinical features is unknown. We developed a multiantigen Luminex-based panel and evaluated IgG responses in 527 children 1 to 21 years of age assessed for Lyme disease across 4 Pedi Lyme Net emergency departments, including 127 Lyme cases defined by either an erythema migrans (EM) lesion or positive C6 enzyme immunoassay followed by immunoblotting and 400 patients considered clinical mimics.
Zika Virus Infection of Pregnant
Ifnar1
−/−
Mice Triggers Strain-Specific Differences in Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Bohm Ellie K. , Vangorder-Braid Jennifer T. , Jaeger Anna S. , Moriarty Ryan V. , Baczenas John J. , Bennett Natalie C. , O’Connor Shelby L. , Fritsch Michael K. , Fuhler Nicole A. , Noguchi Kevin K. , Aliota Matthew T.
Published: August 2021

Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has been reported in 87 countries and territories around the globe. ZIKV infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including birth defects, microcephaly, neurological complications, and even spontaneous abortion.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection Upregulates Negative Immune Regulators and T-Cell Exhaustion Markers
Authors: Chaudhari Jayeshbhai , Liew Chia-Sin , Riethoven Jean-Jack M. , Sillman Sarah , Vu Hiep L. X.
Published: August 2021

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is widespread in many swine-producing countries, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. Porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) is considered the primary target for PRRSV replication in pigs.
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Relevant Host Factor in the Early Stages of The Zika Virus Life CycleIn Vitro
Authors: Sabino Catarina , Bender Daniela , Herrlein Marie-Luise , Hildt Eberhard
Published: August 2021

These data deepen the knowledge about the ZIKV infection process and demonstrate the relevance of EGFR for ZIKV entry. In light of the fact that a variety of specific and efficient inhibitors of EGFR and of EGFR-dependent signaling have been developed and licensed, repurposing of these substances could be a helpful tool to prevent the spreading of ZIKV infection in an epidemic outbreak.
Local Network Properties of Soil and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Potato Plantations Treated with a Biological Product Are Important Predictors of Crop Yield
Authors: Imam Nabeel , Belda Ignacio , García-Jiménez Beatriz , Duehl Adrian J. , Doroghazi James R. , Almonacid Daniel E. , Thomas Varghese P. , Acedo Alberto
Published: August 2021

Our results reinforce the notion that each cultivar on each location recruits a unique microbial community and that these communities are modulated by the vegetative growth stage of the plant. Moreover, inoculation of a
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
strain QST713-based product on potatoes also changed the abundance of specific taxonomic groups and the structure of local networks in those locations where the product caused an increase in the yield.
Understanding the Barriers to Pooled SARS-CoV-2 Testing in the United States
Authors: Fenichel Eli P. , Koch R. Tobias , Gilbert Anna , Gonsalves Gregg , Wyllie Anne L.
Published: August 2021

While numerous pooled SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches have been described in an effort to increase testing capacity and decrease test prices, uptake by laboratories has been limited. Responses to our survey of United States-based laboratories highlight the importance of consulting end-users—those that solutions are being designed for—so challenges can be addressed in a manner tailored to meet the specific needs out in the field.
Bacterial Long-Range Warfare: Aerial Killing of Legionella pneumophila by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Corre Marie-Hélène , Mercier Anne , Bouteiller Mathilde , Khalil Alix , Ginevra Christophe , Depayras Ségolène , Dupont Charly , Rouxel Meg , Gallique Mathias , Grac Laettitia , Jarraud Sophie , Giron David , Merieau Annabelle , Berjeaud Jean-Marc , Verdon Julien
Published: August 2021

Microbial volatile compounds are molecules whose activities are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. Indeed, they can act as key compounds in long-distance intrakingdom and interkingdom communication, but also as antimicrobials in competition and predation.
Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein 3 Interacts with 3A Viral Protein of Enterovirus and Participates in Viral Replication
Authors: Lu Jia-Ying , Brewer Gary , Li Mei-Ling , Lin Kai-Zhe , Huang Chien-Chih , Yen Li-Chen , Lin Jing-Yi
Published: August 2021

Virus-host interaction plays an important role in viral replication. 3A protein of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) recruits other viral and host factors to form a replication complex, which is important for viral replication. In this investigation, we utilized immunoprecipitation combined with proteomics approaches to identify 3A-interacting factors.
Identification of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for the Organoarsenical Antibiotic Arsinothricin
Authors: Galván Adriana E. , Paul Ngozi P. , Chen Jian , Yoshinaga-Sakurai Kunie , Utturkar Sagar M. , Rosen Barry P. , Yoshinaga Masafumi
Published: August 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global public health crisis, calling for urgent development of novel potent antibiotics. We propose that arsinothricin and related arsenic-containing compounds may be the progenitors of a new class of antibiotics to extend our antibiotic era.
Supplemental Material: Mapping Critical Minerals from The Sky
Authors: Shah A.K. , al et.
Published: August 2021

Item S1: Listing and index of geologic maps used in images and statistical analyses with age correlations for different map unit definitions. Item S2: Visual heavy mineral sand and phosphate content for over 1000 auger samples collected during previous mapping efforts. Item S3: Heavy mineral sand weight percent and economic mineral grade and tonnage estimates by Force et al. (1982) with overlays of sample positions on the new data. Item S4: Radiometric eTh, eU, and K draped over lidar (three PDF files).
Multidisciplinary management of pregnancy and labour in a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1a
Authors: Jones Alice May , Tower Clare , Green Diane , Stepien Karolina M
Published: August 2021

Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD 1a) is a metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of an enzyme required for glycogen breakdown, causing hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis. Metabolic derangements cause disease manifestations affecting the kidneys, liver and platelet function. Physiological changes in pregnancy worsen fasting intolerance and increase reliance on exogenous glucose to avoid lactic acidosis. Fetal macrosomia and declining respiratory function result in high rates of caesarean sections. We report the multidisciplinary team (MDT) management of a 25-year-old woman with GSD 1a in an unplanned pregnancy. Existing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding, alongside high-calorie drinks and intravenous dextrose during labour, managed the risks of hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis. Metabolic parameters were regularly monitored and fortnightly growth scans were assessed for macrosomia. Allopurinol was continued throughout the pregnancy to reduce the risk of hyperuricaemia. MDT management optimised maternal and fetal care throughout pregnancy and labour, resulting in a successful vaginal delivery.