bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption and home availability of fruit and vegetables among Greek primary-school children
Authors: Koui Eleni , Jago Russell
Published: January 2008

Objective

To examine whether the self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption of Greek primary-school children is associated with the home availability of fruit and vegetables.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Five primary schools in the city of Pyrgos in south-west Greece.

Subjects

One hundred and sixty-seven students in fifth and sixth grades.

Methods

Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using an FFQ. Home availability of fruit and vegetables was assessed using a modified version of a US home availability questionnaire. Participant BMI was assessed and parental education obtained by self-report. Hierarchical regression models that took account of the clustering of participants in schools were used to examine the relationship between consumption and availability after controlling for parental education and BMI.

Results

Regression analyses showed that home availability of fruit was a significant predictor of consumption (β= 0·524,Z= 9·77,P< 0·001) in a model that explained 46 % of the overall variance. Home availability of vegetables was a significant predictor of vegetable intake (β= 0·378,Z= 6·23,P< 0·001) in a model that explained 29 % of the overall variance.

Conclusion

Home availability of fruit and vegetables was associated with consumption among Greek primary-school children. The association between home availability of fruit and intake was higher than the associations that have been reported in other samples. Results support focusing on the home availability of fruit and vegetables as a potential mediator of consumption that could be manipulated as a means of increasing fruit and vegetable intake among children.
Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Induces a Dramatic Activation of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier Conjugation
Authors: Yang Wei , Sheng Huaxin , Warner David S , Paschen Wulf
Published: January 2008

This study was designed to investigate whether small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation is activated after focal cerebral ischemia. Transient ischemia induced a dramatic increase in SUMO2/3 protein conjugates. The most pronounced changes were found in the parietal cortex. SUMO2/3 conjugation was particularly high in neurons located at the border of the middle cerebral artery territory where sumoylated proteins translocated to the nucleus. Considering the marked effect of SUMO conjugation on the function of target proteins, it is very likely that the postischemic activation of sumoylation has a significant effect on the fate of neurons exposed to transient ischemia.
Alkenes and Aromatics
Authors:   The Open University
Published: January 2008

Alkenes and Aromatics examines the reaction mechanisms associated with carbon-carbon double bonds, and then goes on to look at aromatic substitution (nitration, halogenation, sulfonation and Friedel Crafts reactions). The formation and reactions of diazonium ions are also discussed. This knowledge is then applied to the synthesis of pseudoephedrine, highlighting the key aspects of synthesis, such as yields, stereochemistry and reaction conditions. A Case Study on the organic chemical industry completes the book, providing a background as to why understanding organic reactions is so important. The Molecular World series provides an integrated introduction to all branches of chemistry for both students wishing to specialise and those wishing to gain a broad understanding of chemistry and its relevance to the everyday world and to other areas of science. The books, with their Case Studies and accompanying multi-media interactive CD-ROMs, will also provide valuable resource material for teachers and lecturers. (The CD-ROMs are designed for use on a PC running Windows 95, 98, ME or 2000.)
Methane emissions from feedlot cattle in Australia and Canada
Authors: McGinn S. M. , Chen D. , Loh Z. , Hill J. , Beauchemin K. A. , Denmead O. T.
Published: January 2008

Raising beef cattle in open feedlots is a well established practice in Canada and is gaining acceptance in Australia because it results in more consistent meat quality. These facilities are regional ‘hot spots’ of methane (CH4) emissions, resulting from the high stocking density and the large amount of fermentation occurring in the rumen (enteric CH4). Our objective was to compare CH4 emissions from a typical feedlot in Australia (Queensland) and in Canada (Alberta) and also to compare these against modelled emissions. Methane concentration and wind data were monitored over a portion of each feedlot and a dispersion model was used to calculate CH4 emissions during a summer period. The average CH4 emission was 166 ± 90 and 214 ± 61 g/animal.day for the feedlot in Queensland and in Alberta, respectively. The lower CH4 emission at the Queensland feedlot was attributed to the lighter weight of the cattle, and consequently their lower intake, and supplementation of the diet with lipids. The lipid effect on CH4 emissions is also speculated to cause some models to overestimate the measured CH4 emissions. A lower CH4 emission also occurred during daylight hours at the Queensland feedlot and was attributed in part to heat stress as defined by the temperature–humidity index.
Diet composition at weaning affects the rumen microbial population and methane emissions by lambs
Authors: Yáñez-Ruiz D. R. , Hart K. J. , Martin-Garcia A. I. , Ramos S. , Newbold C. J.
Published: January 2008

The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether different diets at weaning determine the microbial populations established in the rumen, together with its methanogenic capacity, and whether these differences are consistent over a longer time period. Twenty ewes with single lambs were used in two periods. Period I: 10 lambs had access only to grass hay whilst with the dam and for 8 weeks after weaning (group H). The other 10 lambs had free access to concentrate and grass hay whilst with the dam and were fed with a 60 : 40 mix of concentrate and grass hay for 8 weeks after weaning (group C). Eight weeks after weaning, methane emissions were measured in polycarbonate chambers over a 3-day period. After methane emission measurements, five lambs from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered and samples of rumen content collected for measuring rumen fermentation parameters and for microbial enumeration (total and cellulolytic bacteria and methanogenic archeaea) by most probable number. Period II: the remaining 10 lambs were grouped together and fed the same diet (grass and concentrate) for 4 months. After this period, all animals were fed concentrate and grass hay (60 : 40) for 2 weeks and introduced in to the chambers to measure methane emissions over a 3-day period. After measurements, they were slaughtered and rumen samples collected and analysed as in Period I. Lambs from group H produced more (P = 0.04) methane than group C lambs (26.0 v. 22.5 L/kg DM intake) in Period I. Group H lambs also had less total bacteria (10.2 × 1010 v. 61.6 × 1010 cells; P = 0.284) but more cellulolytic bacteria (40.6 × 109 v. 10.0 × 109 cells; P = 0.098) and methanogenic archaea (37.1 × 109 v. 19.0 × 109 cells; P = 0.113) than group C lambs in Period I. The acetate to propionate ratio tended to be higher (P = 0.089) in group H lambs than in group C lambs (3.00 v. 2.35). In Period II, methane produced was not different (P > 0.05) between the groups (26.6. v. 25.7 L/kg DM intake by group C and H lambs, respectively). Microbial numbers and fermentation parameters were also similar in samples collected from both experimental groups in Period II. Our results show that the differences observed as a result of providing different diets at weaning disappear in the long-term. It may be appropriate to study a wider range of dietary treatments to better understand the factors determining the microbial populations establishing in the rumen.
Methane emissions from anaerobic ponds on a piggery and a dairy farm in New Zealand
Authors: Craggs R. , Park J. , Heubeck S.
Published: January 2008

Over 1000 anaerobic ponds are used in the treatment of wastewater from farms and industry in New Zealand. These anaerobic ponds were typically designed as wastewater solids holding ponds rather than for treatment of the wastewater. However, visual observation of these uncovered ponds indicates year-round anaerobic digestion and release of biogas to the atmosphere. The release of biogas may be associated with odour nuisance, contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is a waste of potentially useful energy. The aim of this study was to measure the seasonal variation in quantity and quality of biogas produced by an anaerobic pond at a piggery (8000 pigs) and a dairy farm (700 cows). Biogas was captured on the surface of each anaerobic pond using a floating 25 m2 polypropylene cover. Biogas production was continually monitored and composition was analysed monthly. Annual average biogas (methane) production rates from the piggery and dairy farm anaerobic ponds were 0.84 (0.62) m3/m2.day and 0.032 (0.026) m3/m2.day, respectively. Average CH4 content of the piggery and dairy farm biogas was high (74% and 82%, respectively) due to partial scrubbing of CO2 within the pond water. The average daily volume of methane gas that could potentially be captured by completely covering the surface of the piggery and dairy farm anaerobic ponds was calculated as ~550 m3/day and ~45 m3/day, respectively (assuming that the areal methane production rate was uniform across the pond surface). Conversion of this methane to electricity would generate 1650 kWh/day and 135 kWh/day, respectively (with potentially 1.5 times these values co-generated as heat) and reduce GHG emissions by 8.27 t CO2 equivalents/day and 0.68 t CO2 equivalents/day, respectively. These preliminary results suggest that conventional anaerobic ponds in New Zealand may release considerable amounts of methane and could be a more significant point source of GHG emissions than previously estimated. Further studies of pond GHG emissions are required to accurately assess the contribution of wastewater treatment ponds to New Zealand’s total GHG emissions.
Methane emissions from weaned lambs measured at 13, 17, 25 and 35 weeks of age compared with mature ewes consuming a fresh forage diet
Authors: Knight T. W. , Molano G. , Clark H. , Cavanagh A.
Published: January 2008

Daily methane (CH4) emissions and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured on 14 mature ewes (3–4 years old) and 13 lambs when the lambs were 13, 17, 25 and 35 weeks of age. During the four CH4 measurement periods, all animals were kept in individual metabolism cages and fed pasture cut daily and fed at 1.5 times maintenance. Feed was offered in equal amounts at 0800 and 1500 hours daily. Methane emissions were measured using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique and values reported were the mean of measurement on 4–5 days for each animal. In the intervals between CH4 measurements, ewes and lambs grazed separate paddocks containing predominantly ryegrass. Daily CH4 emissions for the ewes ranged from 21.5 to 22.5 ± 1.50 g/day and were significantly higher than those of the lambs which ranged from 10.7 to 17.5 ± 1.50 g/day. Averaged across all four periods, the overall mean CH4 emission for lambs was 8% lower (P < 0.05) than for ewes (21.9 v. 23.8 ± 0.95 g CH4/kg DMI). However, within each measurement period, the emissions of CH4/kg DMI from lambs was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of ewes only in the fourth period when the lambs were 35 weeks of age (17.9 v. 21.9 g/kg DMI for lambs and ewes, respectively). The pasture offered to both ewes and lambs in this period was of higher quality than in the other periods (organic matter digestibility of 80% DM v. 68–71% DM at other times) and CH4 emission per kg DMI was lower in both groups of animals than in the other periods. This study supports the hypothesis that young sheep have lower CH4 emissions per unit of intake than mature animals. However, the age at which the lambs produced similar CH4/kg DMI to adult sheep could not be determined precisely because of the changes in pasture quality between different measurement periods.
Emissions of the indirect greenhouse gases NH3 and NOx from Australian beef cattle feedlots
Authors: Denmead O. T. , Chen D. , Griffith D. W. T. , Loh Z. M. , Bai M. , Naylor T.
Published: January 2008

Emissions of indirect greenhouse gases, notably the nitrogen gases ammonia (NH3) and the odd oxides of nitrogen (NOx), play important roles in the greenhouse story. Feedlots are intense, but poorly quantified, sources of atmospheric NH3 and although production of NOx is to be expected in feedlots, rates of NOx emission are virtually unknown. In the atmosphere, these gases are involved in several transformations, but eventually return to the earth in gaseous or liquid form and can then undergo further transformations involving the formation and emission of the direct greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The IPCC Phase II guidelines estimate that indirect N2O emissions due to atmospheric deposition of N compounds formed from NH3 and NOx could be ~14% of the direct emissions from agricultural soils or from animal production systems. IPCC recommends that these indirect emissions be accounted for in making inventory estimates of N2O emission. This paper is a preliminary report of emissions of NH3 and NOx from two Australian feedlots determined with micrometeorological techniques. Emissions of nitrogen gases from both feedlots were dominated by emissions of NH3. The average NH3 emission rate over both feedlots in winter was 46 g N/animal.day, while that of NOx was less than 1% of that rate at 0.36 g N/animal.day. It was apparent that NH3 release was governed by the wetness of the surface. Rates of emission from the feedlot with the wetter surface were almost three times those from the other. The IPCC default emission factor for the combined emission of NH3 and NOx from livestock is 0.2 kg N/kg N excreted, but in our work, the emission factor was 0.59 kg N/kg N excreted. Potential emissions of N2O due to NH3 and NOx deposition were estimated to be of the same magnitude as the direct N2O emissions, the sum of direct and potential indirect amounting to ~3 g N2O-N/animal.day. If applied nationally, this would represent a contribution of N2O from Australian feedlots of 533Gg CO2-e or 2.2% of all Australian N2O emissions.
The species of Ibidoecus (Phthiraptera) on Threskiornis (Aves)
Authors: CLAY THERESA
Published: January 2008

The species of Ibidoecus parasitic on the Ibis genus Threskiornis are reviewed‐clausus (Giebel), dianae Tandan, insularis sp.n., tandani sp.n., threskiornis Bedford‐and a key for their identification presented. The host and geographical distribution of the phthirapteran parasites of this genus are discussed.
Comments on some recent studies of tsetse‐fly phylogeny and structure
Authors: GRIFFITHS GRAHAM C. D.
Published: January 2008

The theory of the ‘gasterophiloid origin of the tsetse fliesxy’ advanced by Pollock (1971, 1973) is not warranted by the arguments presented in support of it. The traditional view that warble and bot flies are monophyletic, and that hence the ‘Gasterophilidae’ can be included as a subordinate group of the Oestridae s.l., remains unrefuted. The claim of Popham & Tenabe (1973, 1974) that no rotation occurs in the male postabdomen of Glossina is erroneous.
A taxonomic review of Phlebotomus (Idiophlebotomus) (Psychodidae)
Authors: LEWIS D. J. , LANE R. P.
Published: January 2008

Five known species (asperulus Quate & Fairchild, erebicolus Quate, pholetor Quate & Fairchild, sejunctus Quate, and stellae Quate) of the caverni‐colous subgenus Phlebotomus (Idiophlebotomus) are discussed in relation to newly recognized species from West Malaysia and India. P. frondifer n.sp. and P. tubifer n.sp. are described and a key to the adults of all seven species is given. General features of the subgenus are discussed, with particular reference to the functional relationships between the specialized morphology of the mouthparts and the probable bat hosts of these species.
Psocoptera of the Mascarene Islands
Authors: TURNER B. D.
Published: January 2008

Nineteen species of Psocoptera are known from the Mascarene Islands. Twelve of these species are endemic (Echmepteryx chekei sp.n.; Lepidopsocus curtoisi sp.n.; Caecilius mascarenensis sp.n.; Mas–earopsocus spinosus Badonnel & Pearman; Peripsocus vacoasensis sp.n.; Hemipsocus mauritiensis sp.n.; Aaroniella reunionensis sp.n.; A.mauritiensis sp.n.; Ptycta chekei sp.n.; Pt.pulchra sp.n.; Pt.aschekei sp.n.; Pt.grucheti sp.n.), although the only endemic genus is Mascaropsocus. The other seven species are either pan–tropical orcosmopolitan. A key is provided to the nineteen species and Pseudocaecilius criniger (Perkins) is synonymized with citricola (Ashmead).
The existence of two species of Euceraphis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on birch in Western Europe, and a key to European and North American species of the genus
Authors: BLACKMAN R. L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Aphids formerly regarded as Euceraphis punctipennis (Zetterstedt) are distinguished as two species, E.punctipennis and E.betulae (Koch), on the basis of cytological and morphological differences. E.punctipennis is primarily associated with Betula pubescens Ehrh., and E. betulae with B.pendula Roth. Seasonal variations in morphometrics, pigmentation and development of wax glands in the two species are described and compared. A key to European and North American species of Euceraphis is provided.
A new tailed female form of Papilio memnon L. and its probable genetic control
Authors: CLARKE C. A. , SHEPPARD P. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A new tailed female form of Papilio memnon caught in the Malay peninsula is reported. It is suggested that it arose as the result of a crossover within the supergene controlling female polymorphism in the species. This makes the seventh known example of such an event.
Studies of some fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) including nine additions to the British list
Authors: CHANDLER PETER J.
Published: January 2008

AbstractA key is provided to the eight species ofAnatellarecorded in Britain, including three species newly recorded (A.dampfiLandrock;A.gibbaWinnertz;A.lenisDziedzicki). A further six species are newly recorded from Britain (Exechia sororculaLackschewitz;Exechiopsis dumitrescae(Burghele‐Balacesco);Allodia(Brachycampta)angulataLundström;Mycetophila autumnalisLundström;M.lubomirskiiDziedzicki;M.lunataMeigen); these and several other species are redescribed. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed.Exechia bicincta(Staeger) (=spinosaBukowski, syn.n.);Mycetophila confusaDziedzicki (=affluctataEdwards, syn.n.);Mycetophila dziedzickiinom.n. (=obscuraDziedzicki nec Walker). Female characters of seventeen of the twenty‐two British species ofExechiaand eight species ofMycetophilaare discussed and illustrations provided.
The Nearctic species of Orthoplema (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: BARRON J. R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The species of the genus Orthopelma Taschenburg in North America are reviewed. Members are endoparasites of the cynipids Diastrophus on Rubus and Diplolepis on Rosa. The Nearctic species ar occidentale, califomicum and erythropa, described by Ashmead, ovale Provancher, and the Holarctic species mediator Thunberg. The names coloradense Ashmead and diastrophi Ashmead are newly placed in synonymy with occidentale Ashmead. Relationships of the species are discussed.
Revision of the Neotropical weevil genusPhymatophosus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: CLARK WAYNE E.
Published: January 2008

The genusPhymatophosusincludes seventeen species of Neotropical Cryptorhynchinae, with hosts in the plant family Cucurbitaceae;P. scapularisChampion andP. atropos(Boheman) are seed predators of species ofCayaponiaandFevillea, respectively;P. squameusFaust is a stem borer ofSechium edule(Jacq.) Swartz (chuchú or chayote). The species are keyed, described, and illustrated, their distributions mapped; they are arranged in five species‐groups:leucomelas‐group,albocaudatusHustache,camelus(Fiedler) comb.n.,dysmorphussp.n.,leucomelas(Boheman) comb.n.,scops(Pascoe) comb.n.,semialbus(Fiedler) comb.n.;egregius‐group,akestrasp.n.,egregiussp.n.,enodissp.n.;scapularis‐group,ballouisp.n.,bufosp.n.,scapularisChampion (= multicristatus Champion syn.n., = variegatus Fiedler syn.n.);squameus‐group,squameusFaust, verrucula sp.n., verutus sp.n.;atropos‐group,atropos(Boheman),lachesis(Fiedler) comb.n. The apparent sister‐group ofPhymatophosusis thelatisquamisgroup of the Neotropical tylodine genusPseudomopsisChampion.
A systematic study ofPhytalmia(Diptera, Tephritidae) with description of a new genus
Authors: McALPINE DAVID K. , SCHNEIDER MARGARET A.
Published: January 2008

The tribe Phytalmiini is defined to include the generaPhytalmiaGerstaecker,DiplochordaOsten Sacken (=NesadramaPerkins syn.n.) andSessilinagen.n. (type‐speciesDacus nigrilineaWalker), withOrtalopteraEdwards as an outlying member; a key is provided to these genera. The tribe is nearly restricted to the Papuan Subregion; the record ofNesadrama petiolataHardy from the Philippine Islands is questioned, and this species is synonymized withDiplochorda myrmexOsten Sacken syn.n.Nesadrama longistigmaPerkins is a synonym ofD.turgida(Walker) syn.n. Keys are provided to the six species ofPhytalmia: alcicornis(Saunders),antilocaprasp.n.,biarmataMalloch,cervicornisGerstaecker (=priscaEnderlein syn.n.),megalotis Gerstaecker (= wallaceiSaunders syn.n.),mouldsisp.n.; also the three species ofSessilina, horridasp.n.,literatasp.n.,nigrilinea(Walker). The enlarged cheek‐processes may be greatly reduced inP.biarmataandcervicornis. The morphology of the internal reproduction system ofmouldsifemales is described.
A revision of the nearctic Optioservus (Coleoptera: Elmidae), with descriptions of new species
Authors: White David S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract Previous works on the nearctic Optioservus have relied on extremely variable external characters making specific identifications quite difficult. This revision is based on male genitalia, elytral patterns and shape, and geographic distribution. Keys and descriptions are presented for thirteen species: O.browni sp.n., O.canus, O.castanipennis, O.divergens [=pecosensissyn.n.], O.fastiditus, O.heteroclitussp.n., O.immunis [=cryophilussyn.n.], O.ovalis [=ampliatussyn.n.], O.phaeussp.n., O.quadrimaculatus, O.sandersoni [=ozarkensissyn.n.], O. seriatus, O.trivittatus.
The tetramerous Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of Girault from Australia, with a key to the world genera
Authors: HAYAT MOHAMMAD
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Type specimens have been examined of eleven Australian species of the tetramerous Aphelinidae described by Girault in the genera Apteroptrbc, Metacasca, Neocasca, Oa and Pteroptrixella. Apteroptrix and Oa are synonym‐ized with Archenomus. O. biguttata is considered a nomen dubium. M. copemici is transferred to Neocasca. Dahmsiella genji. is proposed for N. shillingsworthi. Pteroptrixella is suspected of being a senior synonym of Metacasca, but the former genus is represented by an incomplete specimen. A key is given to the tetramerous genera of the Aphelinidae.
On the gibbulus Group of Anotylus, and fossil occurrences of Anotylus gibbulus (Staphylinidae)
Authors: HAMMOND PETER , MORGAN ANNE , MORGAN ALAN V.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The gibbulus Group of the genus Anotylus is diagnosed and the grounds for believing the group to be monophyletic discussed. The habits and present‐day relictual distribution of this Old World group are summarized.

Anotylus gibbulus (Eppelsheim) is reported from Eastern Siberia (the first record from beyond the area of the Caucasus), and is reported as a fossil from Toronto, Canada (c. 120,000 years B.P.). These findings, together with previous sub‐fossil records of the species from the British Isles, indicate a drastic contraction in range during the last (Wisconsinan/Devensian) stadial.
Cave dwelling cockroaches from Sarawak, with one new species
Authors: ROTH LOUIS M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The troglobitic cockroach, Trogoblattella chapmani, sp.n., is described. The genus was known previously from a single species found in limestone caves in Australia. Two of three other species found in the Sarawak caves, namely Symploce cavemicola (Shelford) and Pycnoscelus striata (Kirby) have previously been reported from cave habitats. The third, Pycnoscelus indicus (Fabricius), may have been reported previously from caves, under the name of Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus). A single undetermined female of Blattella was present in the collection.
The British species ofAchrysocharoides(Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)
Authors: BRYAN GEORGINA
Published: January 2008

Abstract.Taxonomic notes and a key are provided for the eleven species ofAchrysocharoidesfound in Britain includingA.carpinisp.n. Several forms of undetermined specific status are also described. Two species‐groups are erected: thelatreilliigroup and theaty sgroup. All British species have been reared as parasites only of leaf‐mining larval Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera); one brood is here recorded fromCaloptiliaonQuercus;all other rearings are fromPhyllono‐rycterspecies. Parasite—host associations and speciation within the genus are discussed.
Current status of theDrosophila melanogasterspecies‐group (Diptera)
Authors: BOCK IAN R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.TheDrosphila melanogasterspecies‐group, established by Sturtevant (1942) for fourteen species, is now known to contain 115 described species here divided into twelve named subgroups (including one newly proposed), as well as further undescribed species. Three of the species,melanogaster, simulansandananassae, are cosmopolitan; two others,kikkawaiandmalerkotliana, are widespread in the southern hemisphere, the latter apparently a recent introduction to South America. The greatest numbers of species otherwise occur in the Oriental region with smaller numbers in the Ethiopian, eastern Palaearctic and Australian regions and in several islands of the South Pacific.D.rajasekariandD.raychaudhuriiare synonymized withD.biamipes;also D.andamanensis Parshad &Singh is synonymized withD.andamanensisGupta & Raychaudhuri.
The Himalayan ground‐beetle genus Aparupa (Carabidae) with three new species
Authors: CASALE A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A key is provided for the determination of the seven species of Aparupa Andrewes including three new species, nepalensis and lateromarginalis from Nepal, and andrewesi from northern India.
Heather‐feeding psyllids of the genus Strophingia (Homoptera)
Authors: HODKINSON I. D.
Published: January 2008

Multivariate analysis of morphological characters suggests that the genus Strophingia comprises eight distinct species, namely ericae (Curtis) [the type‐species], australis sp.n., fallax Log., cinereae Hod., proxima sp.n., hispanica Hod. & Hollis, harteni sp.n., and arborea Log. Each species is fully characterized and an identification key is provided. A tentative phylogeny of the groups is proposed. Among the newly described species, australis (host plant: Erica australis) occurs in Portugal, proxima (host plant: Erica arborea and possibly Calluna vulgaris) is found throughout the Iberian peninsula, while harteni (host plant: Erica azorica) is found on the Azores.
An early Cretaceous termite from southern England (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae)
Authors: JARZEMBOWSKI E. A.
Published: January 2008

Valditermes brenanae gen. et sp.n. is described from the Weald Clay (Neocomian: (?) Hauterivian; c. ‐120 million years) of Surrey; it is the earliest described termite and social insect. Valditemes is referred to the extinct subfamily Cretatermitinae of the family Hodotermitidae, previously known only from a single specimen (Cretatermes carpenteri Emerson, 1967) from the Ceno‐ manian (c. ‐95 m.y.) of Labrador. Valditermes represent a more generalized condition than Cretatermes and may be the ancestor of Cretatemes. The geo‐ logical occurrence of Valditermes, other records o f Cretaceous termites, and finds of fossil termites in Britain are summarized.
Information theory and character selection in the numerical taxonomy of some male Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea)
Authors: DAVIES R. G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Data on twenty‐six species of male Diaspididae, two of them dimorphic, are analysed in relation to the information content and other quantitative attributes of the characters used to construct analysis. It is shown that simple information theory and the use of other numerical criteria enable one to select a relatively small number of characters which effectively reproduce the salient features of referednce classification based on the entire set of available characters. The conclusion are discussed in relation to views on characters weighting and the stability of numeriocal classificatins.
Agra, arboreal beetles of Neotropical forests:erythropusgroup systematics (Carabidae)
Authors: ERWIN TERRY L.
Published: January 2008

Species of the genusAgra, several hundred described and many more undescribed and whose cumulative ranges extend from southernmost Texas to northernmost Argentina, have long been of interest to collectors, amateurs and professionals alike. However, these elegant beetles are rarely collected due to their adaptation to life in tropical forest canopies. A clear understanding of their phylogeny and distribution may provide very good data with which to test recently proposed hypotheses of tropical species richness and endemism, particularly the forest refugium/flood‐zone hypothesis. The present paper initiates a major attempt at constructing the systematic framework from which such syntheses may be obtained. New methods of description are used to cover the several hundred species in less time and space, to provide a consistent numerical data base for those who choose to use it, and to use more efficiently and effectively the descriptive process. Sixteen new species ofAgraare described from the following type localities:coleps(Cayenne, French Guiana),pseuderythropus(Cayenne, French Guiana),oiapoquensis(Oiapoque, Amapá, Brazil),falsisagax(Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil),dryas(Oiapoque, Amapá, Brazil),cobra(type area—French Guiana),perinvicta(SéTo Paulo d'Olivença, Amazonas, Brazil),invicta(type area ‐ Amazonas, Brazil),ega(Ega [Tefé], Amazonas, Brazil),rhomboides(type area ‐ French Guiana),yoda(Pariacabo, French Guiana),pennyi(Parque National Amazonia, 63 km southwest of Itaituba, Pará, Brazil),mniszechi(type area ‐ French Guiana),sphenarion(Tarapoto, Peru),saltatrix(Tarapoto, Peru),maxli(Ega [Tefé], Amazonas, Brazil). Twenty‐five species found to be arrayed in four natural subgroups are described. Their cumulative range extends from Peru east to the mouth of the Amazon River and north along the coast to Guyana; most species are very locally distributed. A dot map illustrates the range of each taxon.

Distribution and relationships are discussed in general showing that species subgroup ranges correspond to pleistocene refuges suggested by other authors based on other classes of organisms, but detailed cladistic and biogeographic analyses are deferred until taxonomy of the five groups of Section Erythropus is completed.
Burying beetle larvae: Nearctic Nicrophorus and Oriental Ptomascopus morio (Silphidae)
Authors: ANDERSON ROBERT S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Third instar larvae are described for the first time for the following species: Nicrophorus defodiens Mannerheim,N.guttula Motschulsky, N.hybridus Hatch and Angell, N.marginatus Fabricius, N.nigrita Mannerheim, N.obscurus Kirby,N.orbicollis Say and N.sayi Laporte, and are redescribed for N.investigator Zetterstedt, N.tomentosus Weber and Ptomascopus morio Kraatz. Keys are provided to larvae of the subfamilies of Silphidae, genera of Nicrophorinae and the known third instar larvae of Nearctic Nicrophorus.

A subfamilial description of the larvae of the Nicrophorinae and a generic description of the larvae of Nicrophorus are presented. Evolutionary trends within the larvae of Nicrophorinae and phylogenetic relationships among Nearctic Nicrophorus are discussed.

Larvae of Nicrophorus are very similar, differing horn Ptomascopus primarily in the reduced sclerotization and by possession of spines in place of the tergal lobes of the latter. This trend towards reduced sclerotization continues within Nicrophorus, with species groups being recognizable on the basis of the form and extent of the ventral abdominal sclerotization, positioning and sclerotization of the labial palpi and the presence or absence of sutures at the bases of the urogomphi.
Himalayan ants of the genus Lasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: COLLINGWOOD CEDRIC A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Keys and descriptions are given for the eleven species of Lasius F. that occur in the Himalayan area. The distribution of each species is outlined. Two new species, L.draco and L.mikir, and the previously unknown male of L.crinitus are described.
A key to the European genera of diplazontine ichneumon‐flies, with notes on the British fauna
Authors: FITTON M. G. , ROTHERAY G. E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The thirteen European genera of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera) are keyed. Notes are given, with reference to the British fauna, on their identification, nomenclature and biology. Particular attention is paid to their associations with aphidophagous Syrphidae (Diptera). One new synonymy is established.
Hybridization and sex pheromone responses in two closely related mealybug species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: ROTUNDO G. , TREMBLAY E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Reciprocal crosses were made between the closely related species Planococcus citri and Planococcus ficus by using mating inducers. The pheromone responses of the hybrid offspring were bioassayed. The sex ratio of the offspring showed a striking shift in favour of females in comparison with homospecific matings mainly because of high mortality of male nymphs during the first instar. Hybrid males gave positive reactions only to pheromone extracts from the maternal species and showed no response to extracts from the paternal species. This result may be explained by the lecanoid chromosome system known for mealybug males, in which the paternal set of chromosomes becomes heterochro‐matic (condensed and genetically inactive) starting from early embryogeny. Further evidence is, however, presented that (at least in certain tissues) the paternal set reverts to the euchromatic state and to genetical activity.
A revision of the encyrtid genus Holcothorax (Hymenoptera)
Authors: ASKEW R. R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract Holcothorax Mayr is revised and three Palaearctic species, testaceipes (Ratzeburg), nepticulae Mayr and vellutatus sp.n., are recognized. A key to species is provided and details of host relationships are presented.
Chromosomal and cross‐mating evidence for two species within Anopheles (A.) coustani (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: COETZEE MAUREEN
Published: January 2008

Abstract Examination of the polytene chromosomes of the fourth instar larvae provides evidence for the existence of two sibling species within the taxon Anopheles (Anopheles) coustani Laveran. Crosses between the two chromosomal types produces sterile male offspring. Since no classical morphological differences can be demonstrated in the adults, the probable existence of such characters in the larvae and pupae is discussed.
Ephemeroptera of Sri Lanka: Ephemeridae
Authors: HUBBARD MICHAEL D.
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo new species ofEphemeraare described,Ephemera suppositaEaton is redescribed, andRhoenanthus posticusBanks is transferred toEphemeraand redescribed. A key to the imagos ofEphemerafrom Sri Lanka is included.
The Neotropical Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera) described by Cajetan Felder and Alois F. Rogenhofer
Authors: BECKER VITOR O.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.

The type‐material of Neotropical Gelechioidea described by Cajetan Felder and Alois F. Rogenhofer, involving forty specific names, is treated and its taxonomic placement discussed. Forty‐four lectotype designations, thirty‐four new combinations and twenty‐seven new synonyms are established and one species is removed from synonymy. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are given for species of which material is available.
An apterous female sawfly (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: NAUMANN I. D.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A new species of sawfly, Cladomacra terricola, belonging to the family Pergidae, is described from an apterous female from mid‐montane Papua New Guinea. The profoundly modified thorax of the female is compared with the thorax of other wing‐reduced and macropterous Hymenoptera. The ovipositor is greatly reduced and lacks the typical, symphytan, saw‐like valves. The ordinal, family, subfamily and generic classification of C. terricola is discussed. Diagnostic features of the pergid subfamilies Pterygophorinae, Euryinae and Perreyiinae are reviewed. The egg and larva of C. terricola are described. Egg brooding by the female is reported. Larvae of C. terricola may feed on dead plant material in forest litter.
A revision of the genus Telomerina Roháček (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)
Authors: MARSHALL S. A. , ROHÁČK J. R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The genus Telomerina Roháč;ek (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) is revised to include twelve species: five Palaearctic, five Nearctic, one Holarctic and one cosmopolitan. The five Neartic species, chillcotti, orpha, submerda, carta and pengellyi are described as new. The male of T.eburnea Roháček is described; T.gracilipennis (Spuler) is synonomized with T.flavipes (Meigen) and T.antonini Roháček is synonomized with T.levifrons (Spuler). The larva and pupa of T.flavipes are described. A phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is presented along with a discussion of its zoogeography.
Systematics of the Calopsocidae, an Oriental and Melanesian family of Psocoptera
Authors: THORNTON I. W. B. , SMITHERS C. N.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. As here revised, the family Calopsocidae comprises the genera Calopsocus Hagen (seventeen species), Neurosema McLachlan (seven), Callistoptera Enderlein (one) and Nemupsocus New (one), and four newly erected genera, Calosema (one species), Cyclopsocus (five), Dendropsocus (one) and Torrepsocus (two). A key to genera is provided, and keys to species of Calopsocus, Cyclopsocus and Neurosema. Ten species of Calopsocus are described, one of Calosema, four of Cyclopsocus, one of Dendropsocus, three of Neurosema and one of Torrepsocus. The type species of Dirla, D.javana Navas, is redescribed, and Dirla is synonymized with Calopsocus. Dirla furcata New is transferred to Calopsocus, Dirla navasi New to Cyclopsocus and Dirla pulleni Smithers to Torrepsocus. Calopsocus irretitus (Navas) is synonymized with Calopsocus rizali Banks. Further descriptions are provided of Callistoptera anna Enderlein, Calopsocus guttatus Smithers, Calopsocus iridescens Banks, Cyclopsocus navasi (New), Neurosema apicalis McLachlan and Torrepsocus pulleni (Smithers). The range of Calopsocus extends from Ceylon to New Caledonia, with ten species occurring in New Guinea; the remaining genera, including the most primitive, Cyclopsocus, are confined to New Guinea, where there has been considerable radiation, except that one species of Neurosema is recorded from the Philippines.
The first southern hemisphere prodoxid and the phylogeny of the Incurvarioidea (Lepidoptera)
Authors: NIELSEN EBBE SCHMIDT , DAVIS DONALD R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The first southern hemisphere representative of the otherwise exclusively northern hemisphere incurvarioid family Prodoxidae, Prodoxoides asymmetra gen.n., sp.n., is described from southern Argentina and Chile. The new taxon is diurnal and crepuscular and is found in temperate rain forests. Its host plant is unknown but is assumed to be a Myrtaceae. The monophyly of the superfamily Incurvarioidea is discussed. The monophyly of each of the six recognized families (Heliozelidae, Adelidae, Crinopterygidae, Incurvariidae, Cecidosidae and Prodoxidae) is demonstrated and their phylogeny discussed. The primary dichotomy within the superfamily lies between the Heliozelidae and the remaining families. The constituent genera of the Prodoxidae are listed and discussed. The primary dichotomy within the family lies either between Prodoxoides and all remaining genera or between Lampronia and Prodoxoides + the remaining genera. Tanysac‐cus Davis, 1978, is a new synonym of Lampronia Stephens, 1829.

El primer prodóxido del hemisferio sur y la filogenia de los Incurvarioidea (Lepidoptera)

Se describe para el sur de Argentina y Chile, al primer representante en el hemisferio sur de la hasta ahora exclusivamente nortena familia Prodoxidae, Prodoxoides asymmetra gen.n., sp.n. El nuevo taxon es diurno y crepuscular y se lo encuentra en los bosques templadohumedos. Su planta hospedadora es desconocida pero se presume que sea una Myrtaceae. Se discute la monofilesis de la superfamilia Incurvarioidea y se demuestra la monofilesis y discute la filogenia de cada una de las seis familias reconocidas (Heliozelidae, Adelidae, Crinopterygidae, Incurvariidae, Cecidosidae y Prodoxidae). La dicotomía primaria dentro de la superfamilia cae entre Heliozelidae y las familias restantes. Se listan y discuten los géneros constitutivos de los Prodoxidae. La dicotomía primaria dentro de la familia cae entre Prodoxoides y el rèsto de los géneros o entre Lampronia y Prodoxoides+los géneros restantes. Tanysaccus Davis, 1978, es una neuva sinonimia de Lampronia Stephens, 1829.
Systematic position and review ofDeinopterolomaJansson, 1946, with descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera, Silphidae and Staphylinidae (Omaliinae))
Authors: SMETANA A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.The genusDeinopterolomaJansson 1946 is transferred from the family Silphidae to the family Staphylinidae and assigned to the subfamily Omaliinae, tribe Anthophagini. The genusMathrilaeumMoore 1966 is shown to be congeneric withDeinopterolomaand considered a junior synonym. The genusDeinopterolomais redescribed and its position in theAnthobiumgroup of genera is discussed. Nine species are recognized, five in the Nepal Himalayas, two in northeastern Burma and two on the Pacific coast of North America. A key for identification is given. Each species is described and illustrated and all available bionomic and distributional data are presented.Deinopteroloma crenatum, D.spectabile, D.egregiumandD.insigne, all from the Nepal Himalayas, are described as new andLathrimaeum subcostatumMaklin,L.pictumFauvel andL.notabileCameron are transferred inDeinopteroloma(comb.nov.). Lectotypes are designated forD.subcostatum(Mäklin),D.humerale(Casey),D.pictum(Fauvel) andD.notabile(Cameron).
A comparison of the external morphology of ‘scent plaques’ on the hind tibiae of oviparous aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Harrington Richard
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. The structure of the scent plaques on the hind tibiae of oviparae of 200 aphid species as observed by light and/or scanning electron microscopy is described. Differences between subfamilies were found and the characteristics of the scent plaques of each subfamily are described. The differences are probably due to the way in which canals from pheromone‐secreting cells are channelled to the pores on the surface of the scent plaques. Their possible significance in the higher classification of the Aphididae is discussed.
Characterization of the genusAspilota(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Wharton Robert A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.The alysiine braconid genusAspilotaFoerster is redefined to include Dinotrema Foerster. Characters previously used to delimit bothDinotremaand species groups withinAspilota s.l.are discussed, with emphasis on difficulties in interpreting transformation series.Dinotrema amplisignata(Fischer),Dinotrema phoridarum(Goidanich) andDinotrema nigricornis(Thomson) are returned toAspilota.
Book review
Authors: BARNARD P. C.
Published: January 2008

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH IN‐TERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRICHOPTERA. Edited by John C. Morse.
The taxonomic position of Aceratoneuromyia granulans Domenichini (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as judged by characteristics of its courtship behaviour
Authors: Bosch H. A. J. in den , Assem J. van den
Published: January 2008

Aceratoneuromyia has been considered a close relative of Melittobia and allies by several authors. Evidence from courtship behaviour suggests that such a relationship is very unlikely. Furthermore, the courtship of Aceratoneuromyia granulans is interesting from a comparative point of view in that it is rigidly organized, with an alternation of so‐called low‐ and high‐phases. It has been hypothesized earlier that these phase shifts coincide with motivational changes underlying courtship behaviour. The low‐phase was supposed to be an expression of a relative predominance of the tendency to copulate. Low‐phase behaviour of A.granulans seems to be straightforward copulatory behaviour, though not oriented towards the female's genital orifice.
Megabraula, a new genus for two new species of Braulidae (Diptera), and a discussion of braulid evolution
Authors: GRIMALDI DAVID , UNDERWOOD BENJAMIN A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Megabraula gen.n. is erected for two new species, M.antecessor and M.onerosa, both found coinhabiting nests of Apis laboriosa in Nepal. Because of their many modifications, the features that distinguish Braula, the other genus in the family, and Braulidae in general are revised. Braulid biology is reviewed, particularly the adaptations involved with the origin of and progressive specialization to commensalism with honey bees.
Archaeochlus Brundin: a midge out of time (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: CRANSTON PETER S. , EDWARD DONALD H. D. , COLLESS DONALD H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Archaeochlus, a plesiomorphic genus of Podonominae (Chironomidae), is revised and two new species (biko from Namibia and brundini from southwestern Australia) described. The systematic status of the genus and the tribe Boreochlini is reassessed. Biogeographic evidence, sustained by a fossil record, dates the genus at least to the Upper Jurassic. The ecology of early Chironomidae is suggested to be eurythermic and hygropetric rather than cold stenothermic in lotic waters.
The African species ofHeliocheilusGrote (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: MATTHEWS MARCUS
Published: January 2008

Abstract.The heliothine genusHeliocheilusGrote is recalled from synonymy withHeliothisOchsenheimer on the basis of a forewing modification in the male.RaghuvaMoore andCanthylidiaButler are synonymized withHeliocheilus.Six species ofHeliocheilusare recognized to occur in Africa, the adults of five are redescribed and the sixth described as new. Figures of the adults and genitalia of all species are provided. Lectotypes ofRaghuva multiradiataHampson,Raghuva thomalaeGaede,Raghuva albipunctellade Joannis andHeliocheilus mekranaBrandt are designated, and twelve specific synonymies are proposed.
Key to Indian species of Periphyllus including four new species and hitherto unknown morphs from North‐west Himalaya (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: CHAKRABARTI S. , MANDAL A. K. , SAHA S.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Four new species of Periphyllus; P.aceriphaga Chakrabarti & Mandal, P.caesium Chakrabarti & Saha, P.garhwalensis Chakrabarti & Mandal and P.pallidus Chakrabarti & Saha are described. Hitherto unknown apterous viviparous female of P.villosii Chakrabarti and four dimorphs are also recorded. Keys to distinguish the species of apterous viviparous females, alate viviparous females, alate males and dimorphs are provided.
Generic relationships within the Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: KIMSEY LYNN SIRI
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. .The relationships among the euglossine genera are examined. These genera form two natural groups, Exaerete+Euglossa, and Eufriesea+(Eulaema+Aglae). Each genus is discussed separately giving generic synonymy, biological notes and a complete species list. In addition, a key to the genera is provided.