bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection of industrial property rights in the context of patent legislation reform
Authors: Grynchuk Vladyslav
Published: December 2022

Keywords: protection of rights, intellectual property; patent, industrial design, invention,utility model, appeals chamber, patent trolling

The right of intellectual property is the leading drivingforce of the economy of any state; therefore its legal protection requires proper legalregulation and constant improvement through the adoption of new laws, amendmentsto current legal acts, and the introduction of innovations in judicial activity.On 21.07.2020, Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to CertainLegislative Acts of Ukraine on Strengthening the Protection and Protection of Rightsto Marks for Goods and Services, Industrial Designs and Countering the Abuse of Patents» and the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to some legislative acts ofUkraine regarding patent legislation reform». These laws were important steps in thefield of legal protection of intellectual property.These laws essentially complete the procedure for updating legislation in the fieldof industrial property. They have positive features, but also have some disadvantages.The article is devoted to the consideration of the peculiarities of the protection ofindustrial property rights in the context of reforming legislation in the field of intellectualproperty. The publication emphasizes that today in Ukraine there are a significantnumber of cases of violation of intellectual property rights, which cause significantdamage not only to the rights holders, but also to the state as a whole. Despitethe positive changes in legislation in the field of industrial property protection madein recent years, it should be emphasized the presence of certain shortcomings andcontradictions in the legal regulation of the procedure for acquiring and protectingrights to inventions, useful models and industrial objects. Projects, which is primarilydue to the lack of necessary changes regarding the implementation of legislativenorms at the sub-legal level. It is noted that measures to ensure the effective protectionof intellectual property rights should be directed not only by the state and its bodies,the main role in this should be played by the activities of the right holders themselvesin monitoring the observance of their rights and preventing violations.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA (NAOH) DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN SWEET POTATO SOAP
Authors: Islamy Amildha Amalia Furqon , Hendrawati Nanik
Published: December 2022

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang pesat tingkat kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia dalam memelihara  kesehatan tubuh semakin meningkat. Dibuktikan dengan adanya permintaan masyarakat terhadap produk sabun  mandi padat yang tidak hanya melindungi kulit dari ancaman bakteri dan virus tetapi juga memberi manfaat lebih  bagi kesehatan kulit. Sehingga dibutuhkan inovasi dan perkembangan teknologi terhadap produksi sabun. Salah  satu bentuk inovasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan menambahkan ekstrak sweet potato dalam proses pembuatan  sabun mandi padat. Proses yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah saponifikasi dengan cold process, yaitu  proses berlangsung tanpa melibatkan pemanasan. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh rasio minyak kelapa  sawit, minyak kelapa (VCO) dan minyak zaitun serta konsentrasi NaOH terhadap karakteristik sweet potato soap,  yaitu dengan rasio minyak sawit : minyak VCO : minyak zaitun adalah 10:20:20; 20:10:20;20:20:10 dan variasi  konsentrasi larutan NaOH 20;30;40 % (b/v) terhadap volume air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi  konsentrasi NaOH yang digunakan akan meningkatkan nilai derajat keasaman (pH) dan nilai kadar alkali bebas.  Kemudian semakin tinggi jumlah rasio minyak VCO dan minyak kelapa sawit terhadap minyak zaitun akan  meningkatkan nilai pH dan kadar alkali bebas pada sabun mandi padat. Sabun mandi padat yang memenuhi SNI  3532:2016 didapatkan pada variasi konsentrasi NaOH 20% dengan komposisi minyak 20:10:20. Pada variabel  tersebut dihasilkan nilai pH sabun 9 dan kadar alkali bebas 0,014%.
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA PADA STASIUN PEMURNIAN DENGAN KAPASITAS GILING 7000 TCD PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA XI PG JATIROTO LUMAJANG
Authors: Titasari Alvia Nurfaustina Brian , Firdausi Eliza , Khairina Safira , Maryanty Yanty , Widodo Arwan Agustulus
Published: December 2022

Proses pemurnian dalam pembuatan gula memegang peranan penting yaitu sebagai salah satu proses  tercapainya produk gula kristal putih yang memiliki kualitas tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu diperhatikan secara  benar dalam setiap proses yang terdapat di stasiun pemurnian. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, maka diperlukan  perhitungan massa bahan yang tepat dalam setiap tahapannya. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk menghitung  neraca massa pada proses pemurnian di Pabrik Gula Jatiroto Lumajang dengan harapan gula kristal putih yang  dihasilkan memiliki kualitas yang tinggi dengan cara penambahan susu kapur dan gas belerang (SO2) yang tepat.  Penambahan susu kapur digunakan untuk menjernihkan dan memurnikan nira sedangkan penambahan gas  belerang (SO2) bertujuan untuk menurunkan pH nira mentah yang telah ditambahkan susu kapur menjadi ± 7,2  -7,4; kedua bahan pembantu tersebut ditambahkan untuk menghasilkan gula produksi yang sesuai dengan SNI.  Perhitungan neraca massa menggunakan prinsip pada buku Basic Priciples and Calculation in Chemical  Engineering dan diperoleh hasil neraca massa masuk dan keluar sebesar 373,631 ton/jam, neraca massa brix dan  pol yang masuk sama dengan neraca massa yang keluar yaitu sebesar 68,310 ton brix/jam dan 49,515 ton  pol/jam, dan asam fosfat yang dibutuhkan sebesar 0,005 ton/jam, susu kapur sebesar 5,977 ton/jam, gas  belerang sebesar 0,125 ton/jam, serta flokulan sebesar 0,023 ton/jam.
THE EFFECT OF PH SOLUTIONS AND STIRRING SPEED ON NICKEL RECOVERY FROM PYROPHYLLITE ROCKS USING FROTH FLOTATION
Authors: Santoso Titi Pangesti Berlian , Santosa Sandra , Mas'udah Mas'udah
Published: December 2022

Nickel is an important element in the metal alloy industry. In Indonesia, nickel resources are found in many areas  in the form of rocks such as pyrophyllite. Froth flotation is a method commonly used in the mining industry to  extract metals such as nickel from mineral rocks. However, the nickel concentrates yields tend to be relatively  low. This is often influenced by several factors such as the pH solutions and stirring speed used in the process.  Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of agitation speed and collector concentration on the nickel  recovery results obtained from the froth flotation process. In this study, variations of pH solutions at 8,9, and 10  were used. Meanwhile, the stirring speed was varied to 700, 800 and 900 rpm. The results showed that the pH  solutions and stirring speed had a significant impact on nickel recovery. Optimum results were obtained at pH of  10 and stirring speed of 900 rpm where the nickel concentration reached 27,55% from the initial concentration  of 8,21%.
PENGARUH RATIO KATALIS CaO-NaOH DAN WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP KUALITAS BIODIESEL MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Hidayat Fajar Rasyid , Mas'udah Mas'udah , Santosa Sandra
Published: December 2022

Biodiesel dari minyak jelantah berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar terbarukan karena konsumsi minyak goreng masyarakat di Indonesia secara nasional pada tahun 2019 mencapai 16,2 juta kilo liter dan menghasilkan rata rata minyak jelantah di kisaran 6,46-9,72 juta kilo liter, namun baru sekitar 3 juta kilo liter minyak jelantah yang  dapat dikumpulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ratio katalis CaO-NaOH dan waktu  reaksi terhadap kualitas biodiesel dari minyak jelantah. percobaan menggunakan bahan baku minyak jelantah,  metanol, dan katalis CaO-NaOH dengan variabel bebas yaitu ratio CaO-NaOH 1:3, 1:1, dan 3:1 dan waktu reaksi  60, 80, dan 100 menit; variabel tetap berupa suhu reaksi sebesar 60°C dan variasi jumlah katalis 1% CaO-NaOH  terhadap berat minyak jelantah; dan variabel terikat adalah kualitas biodiesel berupa %yield, densitas biodiesel,  dan viskositas biodiesel. Metode analisa biodiesel yang diperoleh menggunakan perhitungan %yield, densitas  dan viskositas. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa hasil percobaan nilai densitas 857-871 kg/m3 telah sesuai SNI 7182:2015 yaitu berkisar 850-890 kg/m3 dan nilai %yield yang dihasilkan sebesar di atas 80%  untuk rasio CaO-NaOH 1:3 dan 3:1, dan nilai viskositas biodiesel sebesar 1,15-1,31 cst tidak sesuai dengan standar  SNI yang berkisar 2,3-6 cst.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN KONSENTRASI H2SO4 TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA PADA PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG
Authors: Kiswanto Chandra Maulana Juniar , Rubianto Luchis
Published: December 2022

Tingginya konsumsi energi masyarakat menyebabkan ketersediaan bahan bakar semakin menipis.  Alternatif terbaru sebagai pengganti minyak bumi yang dibutuhkan salah satunya adalah bioetanol. Sumber  pembuatan bioetanol berasal dari bahan yang banyak mengadung struktur gula yang dapat diubah menjadi  etanol. Bahan baku bioetanol berasal dari biomasa berupa sumber selulosa dari tongkol jagung. Tongkol jagung  sangat berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai sumber bioetanol, karena kandungan senyawa tongkol jagung yaitu  selulosa 41%, hemiselulosa 36%, lignin 6% dan komponen lainnya 17% . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui potensi tongkol jagung sebagai bahan baku bioetanol dan mengetahui pengaruh waktu fermentasi  juga pengaruh konsentrasi H2SO4 terhadap kadar bioetanol dari tongkol jagung. Langkah utama yang paling  penting dalam penelitian ini adalah pretreatment, langkah ini diperlukan untuk mendegradasi lignin dengan  menggunakan basa berupa NaOH. Tahap selanjutnya adalah hidrolisis asam, pada tahap ini terjadi pemecahan  polisakarida lignoselulosa yaitu selulosa menjadi glukosa. Hidrolisis asam dilakukan dengan menggunakan H2SO4 dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,2; 0,5; dan 1N. Kadar glukosa terbaik kemudian divariasikan dengan waktu  fermentasi yang optimal. Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan kadar glukosa paling tinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi  0,25% dengan waktu fermentasi selama 5 hari sebesar 13%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa tongkol jagung masih  kurang optimal sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KOTORAN SAPI DAN SUHU PENGERINGAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK SUBSTRAT SOIL UNTUK AQUASCAPE
Authors: Azizah Avana Zulfi , Wibowo Agung Ari
Published: December 2022

Aquascape belakangan ini sangat digemari oleh kalangan masyarakat. Akan tetapi banyak masyarakat yang  kesulitan dalam penanaman tanaman hidup pada aquascape dikarenakan media tumbuh yang susah. Substrat  soil adalah media tanam yang dapat digunakan sebagai media tanam pada tanaman air. Substrat soil terbuat dari  tanah yang dibentuk menjadi granul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi  kotoran sapi dan suhu operasi pada sifat fisik substrat soil untuk aquascape. Variabel dari penelitian ini adalah  konsentasi kotoran sapi dengan jumlah rasio perbandingan bahan antara kotoran sapi dan tanah humus. Rasio  perbandingan 5% (b/b) kotoran sapi : 95% (b/b) tanah humus dari jumlah massa total sampel, 10% : 90%, 15%  : 85%, 20% : 80% dan 25% : 75%. dan suhu pengeringan yaitu low heat temperature (30°C), medium heat temperature (60°C), dan high heat temperature (120°C). Hasil terbaik dalam penelitian ini adalah pada  perbandingan kotoran sapi dengan tanah humus 5% (b/b) : 95% (b/b) dari jumlah massa total sampel pada suhu  pengeringan terbaik high heat temperature (120°C).
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS PADA PEMBUATAN HAND SANITIZER GEL
Authors: Mufidah Hana , Hendrawati Nanik
Published: December 2022

Hand sanitizer merupakan pembersih tangan dari patogen yang berbentuk cairan dan gel. Produk ini dapat  digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti sabun cuci tangan, sebab produk ini dapat digunakan kapan saja dan  dimana saja tanpa perlu dibilas dengan air, sehingga menjadi lebih efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis pada pembuatan hand sanitizer gel. Proses ekstraksi  kulit jeruk nipis dilakukan dengan metode maserasi, dengan merendam ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis di dalam alkohol  96%. Proses pembuatan hand sanitizer gel dengan melarutkan semua bahan dan menambahkan eksrak kulit  jeruk nipis dalam konsentrasi tertentu sesuai dengan analisa, serta hasil akhir dari hand sanitizer adalah gel.  Variabel yang digunakan yaitu jumlah konsentrasi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis sebanyak (0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15%) w/v  dari pelarut. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis yang  ditambahkan mempengaruhi kenaikan nilai uji organoleptik bau dan rasa hingga mencapai nilai 3. Namun,  berbanding terbalik dengan nilai uji organoleptik warna dan pH, semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak maka nilai uji  organoleptik warna semakin menurun hingga mencapai nilai 1, sedangkan pada uji pH menunjukkan nilai 5.
PEMILIHAN JENIS MINYAK DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI CAIR DENGAN METODE HOT PROCESS
Authors: Maulidha Farah , Dewajani Heny
Published: December 2022

Sabun merupakan kebutuhan sekunder yang cukup banyak digunakan dalam aspek kehidupan yang berfungsi  untuk menghilangkan kotoran. Sabun mandi cair berasal dari reaksi saponifikasi antara trigliserida yang berasal  dari asam lemak pada minyak dengan basa alkali (kalium hidroksida). Tahapan pembuan sabun mandi cair yaitu  pembuatan soap base dengan pemanasan, pelarutan soap base, penetralan dan penambahan zat aditif berupa  pewarna dan essence. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis minyak yang digunakan  agar menghasilkan sabun mandi cair dengan kualitas terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hot dengan jenis minyak yang digunakan yaitu minyak kelapa sawit, minyak kelapa, VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil), dan campuran minyak tersebut dengan perbandingan 1:1:1. Karakteristik sabun yang diamati adalah keadaan, pH, randemen  hasil, viskositas, dan densitas sesuai dengan parameter yang ada di di SNI 06-4085-1996 Tentang Syarat Mutu  Sabun Mandi Cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis minyak yang dapat mengasilkan sabun dengan  kualitas terbaik dan sudah sesuai dengan SNI-1996 adalah VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) dengan konsentrasi KOH 30%  (%w/v) menghasilkan sabun dengan warna yang jernih, dengan pH 8, randemen hasil 93%, viskositas 75,2229 cSt  dan massa jenis 1,0237 gram/cm3.
Farklı Yeme Bozukluklarının Gelişmesinde Etiyolojik Bir Faktör Olarak Kültürlerarası Farklılıklar
Authors: BALÇIK Sema Merve
Published: December 2022

Yeme bozuklukları, genel bir bakışla, biyolojik, psikolojik, gelişimsel ve kültürel faktörlerden etkilenerek gelişen (Rikani ve ark., 2013) yeme davranışındaki tekrarlayan bir rahatsızlıktır (APA, 2013). Yeme bozuklukları DSM-5 içerisinde pika, ruminasyon bozukluğu, kaçıngan/ kısıtlı gıda alım bozukluğu, anoreksiya nervoza, bulimiya nervoza ve tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu olmak üzere beş farklı yeme biçimini kapsayacak şekilde sınıflandırılmıştır (APA, 2013) ve bu sınıflandırmalar doğası gereği evrensel olarak kabul edilir. Öte yandan, bu kapsamda yeme bozukluklarına dair farklı kültürlerde farklı şekillerde ortaya çıktığına ilişkin ve yeme bozukluklarının yüzyıllardır tüm dünyaya yayılmış ve kültürel etkilerden bağımsız bir sendrom olduğu yönünde iki ayrı açıklama mevcuttur. Bu derleme çalışması, buradan hareketle, yeme bozukluklarının ortaya çıkışındaki kültürel etmenlerin rolü ile ilgili düşünceleri bir araya toplamayı ve kültürlerarasında görülen farklılıkları değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç kapsamında, ilgili literatür çerçevesinde gözlenen kültürel farkların olası sebeplerine de değinilmiştir. Genel olarak sonuçlarına bakıldığında çalışmaların çoğunun anoreksiya nervoza, bulimiya nervoza ve tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu üzerinden gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca yeme bozukluklarının -özellikle anoreksiya nervozanın- farklı kültürlerde farklı belirtilerle ortaya çıktığı da bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, bazı yeme bozukluklarının kültüre özgü semptomları olduğunu gösterirken bu durumun her yeme bozukluğu için ortaya çıkmayabileceğini ve ilgili literatürde, gelecek çalışmaların farklı yeme bozukluklarını farklı kültürlerde test etmesine ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.
КАРГОПОЛЬСКИЙ ЦИКЛ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ХУДОЖНИКА
СЕРАФИМА АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧА ЗВЕРЕВА
Authors: Энеева Наталья Тимуровна
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена вопросу о становлении главной темы творчества художника Серафима Александровича Зверева – сына священномученика Русской Православной Церкви ХХ в. протоиерея Александра Зверева и ученика и младшего друга великих русских художников – М. В. Нестерова и П. Д. Корина. Указывается на прямую связь религиозно-философского содержания пейзажной живописи С. А. Зверева с духовным опытом новомучеников и исповедников Российских ХХ в., а также с направлением «философского пейзажа» в русской живописи. Делается вывод о «над-мирном», сверх-эмоциональном содержании художественного реализма С. А. Зверева, сочетающего в себе глубокий патриотизм с религиозным, христианским переживанием и осмыслением истории ХХ в. В качестве приложения публикуются фрагменты дневника С. А. Зверева с уникальными записями его бесед с великими наставниками, а также письмо художника-реставратора М. С. Чураковой, содержащее профессиональный анализ творческого наследия С. А. Зверева.
The article is devoted to the formation of the main theme of the work of the artist Seraphim Alexandrovich Zverev – the son of the Hieromartyr of the Russian Orthodox Church of the twentieth century Archpriest Alexander Zverev and the student and younger friend of the great Russian artists – M. V. Nesterov and P. D. Korin. The direct connection of the religious and philosophical content of landscape painting by S. A. Zverev with the spiritual experience of the new martyrs and confessors of the Russian twentieth century, as well as with the direction of the «philosophical landscape» in Russian painting is indicated. The conclusion is made about the «supra-peaceful», super-emotional content of the artistic realism of S. A. Zverev, combining deep patriotism with religious, Christian experience and comprehension of the history of the twentieth century. As an appendix, fragments of S. A. Zverev's diary with unique records of his conversations with great mentors are published, as well as a letter from the artist-restorer M. S. Churakova containing a professional analysis of the creative heritage of S. A. Zverev.
Плюрализация истории антропологии. BEROSE – Международная энциклопедия истории антропологии
Authors: Лорьер Кристин , Роза Фредерико Дельгадо
Published: December 2022

Платформа BEROSE представляет собой постоянно обновляющуюся онлайн-­энциклопедию, посвященную истории антропологии и этнографии с акцентом на период с XVII в. до конца XX в. История антропологии охватывает этнологические науки, фольклористику, регионоведение и другие исторически связанные науки, например: археологию, лингвистику и физическую антропологию. Будучи междисциплинарным и коллективным исследовательским проектом, BEROSE объединяет ученых, которые стремятся создать подробную генеалогическую историю дисциплины, которая с начала своего существования была очень многообразной. Исследователи BEROSE понимают, что антропология и история антропологии невероятно разнообразны и что эту историю нельзя свести к одному историческому нарративу — каноническому и телеологическому корпусу знаний, сосредоточенному на нескольких крупных традициях некоторых стран, теоретических течениях, отцах-­основателях, воспетых в учебниках. Наоборот, они придерживаются такой практики изучения и написания истории антропологии, при которых она рассматривается во всех своих проявлениях и во всех аспектах процесса производства знания.
С коммунистической точки зрения: культурная гегемония и манипуляции фольклором в албанистике при социализме
Authors: Абази Эника , Доджа Альберт
Published: December 2022

В общепринятой фольклорной и этнографической традиции албанистики осуществлялись попытки представить аутентичную, традиционную народной культуру, которая, как предполагалось, существовала в обществе официальной идеологии. Однако эти попытки изначально сводились к дескриптивистским и эмпирическим исследованиям, которые только подтверждали конечную цель создания эссенциализированного национального своеобразия и архаизированного взгляда на национальную культуру. В то время как долгосрочная преемственность албанских исследований народной культуры (kultura popullore), которые предшествовали социализму и пережили его, наряду с неоднозначным отношением к антропологии, отмечается в других работах, в данной статье мы более детальным образом рассмотрим незначительные изменения и новшества, наблюдавшиеся в течение десятилетий коммунистического режима в Албании. Мы стремимся выяснить, как традиционные этнографо-­фольклорные исследования народной культуры, проводимые в обстановке интеллектуальной изоляции и запятнанные связью с морализаторской и националистической идеологией, использовались на службе идеологических нужд и государственной политики для обеспечения культурной гегемонии коммунистического режима.
Effects of supportive and conflicting interactions with partners and friends on emotions: Do the source and quality of relationships matter?
Authors: Shin Huiyoung , Gyeong Sunjeong
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the independent and interactive effects of supportive and conflicting interactions and overall relationship quality with partners and friends on positive and negative emotions. Data on social interactions and overall relationship quality with partners and friends, and emotions were collected from 717 South Korean adults (Mage = 47.23; 50.6% male). The results showed that supportive interactions with friends and high relationship quality with partners and friends were associated with enhanced positive emotions, whereas conflicting interactions with partners and friends and low relationship quality with partners were associated with increased negative emotions. In addition, interactive effects of social interactions and overall relationship quality suggested the evidence of reverse buffering. The beneficial effect of friend support on positive emotions was present only when friend conflict was high, and the adverse effect of partner conflict on positive emotions was magnified when individuals perceived high overall relationship quality with their partners.
Numerical Study on Parameters of the Airborne VLF Antenna by Quasi-Stationary Model
Authors: Cheng Jiangfeng , Liu Xueqiang , Deng Feng
Published: December 2022

When a Very-Low-Frequency (VLF) antenna is towed in a circular flightpath at a constant altitude, the spatial configuration of the antenna can become relatively stationary with the orbiting aircraft. Accordingly, a quasi-stationary model of the towed antenna is established based on the force balance, which can efficiently solve a large number of parameter optimization problems. This work studies the influence law of all relevant parameters, including the physical properties of the drogue and the towline, the flight conditions, the wind profile, and the phase of the flight. The results show that the towline verticality and towing force are highly sensitive to the flight conditions, wind profile, and the phase of the flight; followed by sensitivity to the towline itself, and slight sensitivity to the drogue. The flight conditions of the aircraft can change the verticality of the towline from 15% to 80% or more. In addition, as the maximum monthly average wind speed exceeds 7 m/s, the antenna system in hover will oscillate seriously, resulting in a range of up to 50% variation in towline verticality between different positions.
Atomization Characteristics of Kerosene in Crossflow with an Incident Shock Wave
Authors: Zhao Yongsheng , Wu Junfei , Mu Xiangyang
Published: December 2022

An unsteady numerical simulation method was used in order to explore more efficient atomization methods for liquid fuel in scramjet combustors and to study the influence of different shock wave incident positions on the atomization characteristics of kerosene in crossflow. The wedge compression surface was used to generate the incident shock wave, and the incident position of the shock wave on the fuel jet was controlled by changing the angle of the wedge surface. The inlet Mach number was 2.01; the total temperature was 300 K, and the momentum ratio was 12. The research results show that as the incident position of the shock wave moves upstream, the penetration depth of the jet is essentially unchanged, but the inner edge trajectory of the jet is closer to the wall. Because the shock wave affects the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of the jet, the unsteadiness of the jet root is strengthened, and the unsteadiness downstream of the jet is weakened. The atomization of the jet and the stability of the particle-size distribution are, thus, realized more quickly. The incident shock wave reduces the Sauter mean diameter of the jet section and makes the droplet distribution more uniform. The incident shock wave makes the atomization angle of the jet along the flow direction increase first and then decrease. The changes in the jet characteristics are determined by the changes in the reflux region, momentum transport, and pressure distribution caused by the incident shock wave.
Evaluation of the Water Conditions in Coffee Plantations Using RPA
Authors: Santos Sthéfany Airane dos , Ferraz Gabriel Araújo e Silva , Figueiredo Vanessa Castro , Volpato Margarete Marin Lordelo , Machado Marley Lamounier , Silva Vânia Aparecida
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate the water conditions in a coffee plantation using precision agriculture (PA) techniques associated with geostatistics and high-resolution images. The study area is 1.2 ha of coffee crops of the Topázio MG 1190 cultivar. Two data collections were performed: one in the dry season and one in the rainy season. A total of 30 plants were marked and georeferenced within the study area. High-resolution images were obtained using a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) equipped with a multispectral sensor. Leaf water potential was obtained using a Scholander pump. The spatialization and interpolation of the leaf water potential data were performed by geostatistical analysis. The vegetation indices were calculated through the images obtained by the RPA and were used for a regression and correlation analysis, together with the water potential data. The degree of spatial dependence (DSD) obtained by the geostatistical data showed strong spatial dependence for both periods evaluated. In the correlation analysis and linear regression, only the red band showed a significant correlation (39.93%) with an R² of 15.95%. The geostatistical analysis was an important tool for the spatialization of the water potential variable; conversely, the use of vegetation indexes obtained by the RPA was not as efficient in the evaluation of the water conditions of the coffee plants.
Study on the Identification of Mildew Disease of Cuttings at the Base of Mulberry Cuttings by Aeroponics Rapid Propagation Based on a BP Neural Network
Authors: Guo Yinan , Gao Jianmin , Tunio Mazhar Hussain , Wang Liang
Published: December 2022

Accurate detection of cutting diseases in the process of aeroponic rapid propagation is very important for improving the rooting rate and survival rate of cuttings. This paper proposes to use image processing, with a dataset of the growth of mulberry cuttings and a backward propagation (BP) neural network, to identify mildew on the roots of mulberry branches in the process of rapid propagation, before extracting texture and color features. An intelligent control aeroponics system was designed to control the ambient temperature and humidity of the entire rapid propagation incubator according to the mildew rate, thereby improving the rapid propagation time of aeroponics, as well as the rooting and survival rates. In order to distinguish the extracted features, they were classified and identified using a constructed BP neural network model. The results indicated that the performance of the neutral network showed the lowest mean square error in the validation set after three rounds of training; therefore, the model of the third round was chosen as the best model. Furthermore, the training effect of the model revealed that the BP neural network model had good stability and could accurately identify diseases in the root zone of mulberry cuttings. After using MATLAB for neural network training, the regression results revealed correlation coefficients R of 0.98 for the fitting curve of the training dataset, 0.98 for the fitting curve of the test set, and 0.99 for the fitting curve of the validation set, indicating that the prediction results aligned well with the actual results. It can be concluded that research method described in this paper had excellent performance in identifying the health status of mulberry cuttings during the aeroponics rapid propagation process, and it was able to quickly and accurately identify mulberry cuttings affected by mildew disease with an accuracy rate of 80%. This research provides a technical reference for aeroponics rapid propagation factories and intelligent nurseries.
Identifying and Comparing Easily Accessible Frameworks for Assessing Soil Organic Matter Functioning
Authors: Barão Lúcia , Alaoui Abdallah , Hessel Rudi
Published: December 2022

Soil organic matter (SOM) stocks are crucial for soil fertility and food provision and also contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, assessing SOM changes in cropping systems is difficult due to the varying quantity and quality of input data. SOM processes have been described by several models, but these are complex and require high amounts of input data. In this work, we identified and selected frameworks that simulate SOM pools and stocks as well as the effects of different management practices. We also required that the frameworks be easily accessible for farm-related end users and require limited and accessible amounts of input data. In all, six frameworks met our inclusion criteria: SOCRATES (Soil Organic Carbon Reserves and Transformations in EcoSystems), CCB (CANDY and-Carbon Balance), AMG, CENTURY, CQESTR, and RothC (Rothamsted Carbon Model). We collected information on these frameworks and compared them in terms of their accessibility, the model time steps used, the nutrient cycles included in the simulation, the number of SOM pools, and the agricultural management options included. Our results showed that CCB was the most robust of the frameworks considered, while AMG, CQESTR, and RothC performed the least well. However, all frameworks have strengths which may match the specific requirements and abilities of individual users.
Effect of Ustilago maydis on the Nutritive Value and Aerobic Deterioration of Maize Silage
Authors: Merkevičiūte-Venslovė Lauksmė , Venslovas Eimantas , Mankevičienė Audronė , Šlepetienė Alvyra , Cesevičienė Jurgita
Published: December 2022

The common smut of corn, caused by Ustilago maydis, reduces the yield and quality of maize forage. When heavy infestations of corn smut occur, grain yields can be so severely decreased that the most viable economic alternative may be to harvest and ensile the crop. Only a couple of studies have attempted to investigate the influence of aerobic exposure on the nutritive value and aerobic stability of silage, which is prepared from smut-infected maize. In this study, individual whole corn plants were harvested by hand. The plants were distributed into three treatments: 0% infected, 50% infected, and 100% infected. The fresh forage was ensiled in triplicate for a 90-day period. Aerobic exposure lasted for 28 days. Samples were taken on the day of opening and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration equations were used for the prediction of qualitative indicators. Silage prepared from 100% smut-infected maize had comparatively poor quality with dry matter loss, increasing pH and the low amount of starch. It was also distinguished with significant temperature increases from days 15 to 18 of aerobic exposure. Silage prepared from 50% smut-infected maize did not show significant quality changes over the period of the experiment, although it had inferior quality compared to the silage prepared from smut-free maize. While silage prepared from smut-infected maize had an overall worse quality than silage prepared from non-infected maize, it should not have an adverse effect on livestock health or production.
Contrasting Phenotypic Variability of Life-History Traits of Two Feral Populations of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) under Two Alternative Diets
Authors: Borges Isabel , Oliveira Luísa , Durão Ana C. , Arruda Patrícia , Figueiredo Elisabete , Franco José Carlos , Lucas Eric , Soares António O.
Published: December 2022

Tuta absoluta is a major pest attacking tomato crops. This invasive species emerged in Europe (Spain) in 2006, and 3 years later it spread to Portugal. In 2009/2010, it was recorded for the first time in the Azores archipelago. Macrolophus pygmaeus is a predator widely used as biological control agent against the tomato leaf miner. This study contrasted the life-history traits and population growth parameters of two feral populations of M. pygmaeus, one from Portugal mainland and one from the Azores archipelago. The predators were tested on single prey diet, either of Ephestia kuehniella eggs, a factitious prey used for mass rearing of mirids, or T. absoluta eggs. We predicted that populations would express differences in its phenotypic characteristics, with the Azorean population displaying low performance due to likely low genetic diversity, as expected for insular populations. Our results revealed the inexistence of phenotypic differences in several life history traits, such as immature developmental time, female longevity, males’ body weight and sex ratio. Contrary to our predictions, traits with direct impact on fitness, such as lifetime fertility (95.78 ± 14.23 vs. 61.38 ± 13.52 nymphs), explain better performances for the population of the Azores. Azorean M. pygmaeus females were larger, matured earlier and reproduced at a higher rate for longer periods, than mainland females. Therefore, population growth parameters show a positive advantage for the population of the Azores, fed on T. absoluta (time required for doubling the population Azores, Ek: 8.42 ± 0.50, Ta: 5.76 ± 0.31 and mainland, Ek: 10.88 ± 1.94, Ta: 12.07 ± 3.15). Biological performance of M. pygmaeus was similar when fed with T. absoluta or E. kuehniella that could be beneficial both to optimize mass production of the predator and biological control of the pest. Our results are discussed as well in a fundamental perspective, seeking if differences in biological performance can be explained by lower genetic diversity driven by geographic isolation.
The Characterization and Differentiation of Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Isolates Using a Region within ORF134
Authors: Krotova Alena , Mazloum Ali , van Schalkwyk Antoinette , Prokhvatilova Larisa , Gubenko Olesya , Byadovskaya Olga , Chvala Ilya , Sprygin Alexander
Published: December 2022

The recent description and characterization of several novel and unique lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains have revealed the inadequacy of current techniques for differentiating between vaccine- and wild-type viruses. The lack of reliable sequencing targets for promptly distinguishing circulating recombinant vaccine-like strains (RVLSs) highlights the need to develop a single and simple differentiation tool. In this study, we analyzed the available LSDV whole-genome sequences and identified a 705-bp region in open reading frame (ORF) LW134. Based on a single run of nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the region with 13 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was capable of accurately segregating the novel RVLSs into the same five clusters previously confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. In addition, archived RVLSs from Russia were analyzed for further characterization using the newly described single PCR and sequencing assay. The ORF LW134 assay identified one archived RVLS as a novel cluster distinct from the previously described five clusters, while clustering the remaining samples into previously designated lineages, demonstrating the reliability of the assay. The novel PCR and sequencing assays described in this study have great potential for accurately delineating the molecular and evolutionary affiliation of circulating RVLSs.
Improved Hemocompatibility on Superhemophobic Micro–Nano-Structured Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Manivasagam Vignesh K. , Popat Ketul C.
Published: December 2022

Blood-contacting titanium-based implants such as endovascular stents and heart valve casings are prone to blood clotting due to improper interactions at the surface level. In complement, the current clinical demand for cardiovascular implants is at a new apex. Hence, there is a crucial necessity to fabricate an implant with optimal mechanical properties and improved blood compatibility, while simultaneously interacting differentially with cells and other microbial agents. The present study intends to develop a superhydrophobic implant surface with the novel micro–nano topography, developed using a facile thermochemical process. The surface topography, apparent contact angle, and crystal structure are characterized on different surfaces. The hemo/blood compatibility on different surfaces is assessed by evaluating hemolysis, fibrinogen adsorption, cell adhesion and identification, thrombin generation, complement activation, and whole blood clotting kinetics. The results indicate that the super-hemo/hydrophobic micro–nano titanium surface improved hemocompatibility by significantly reducing fibrinogen adsorption, platelet adhesion, and leukocyte adhesion. Thus, the developed surface has high potential to be used as an implant. Further studies are directed towards analyzing the mechanisms causing the improved hemocompatibility of micro/nano surface features under dynamic in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Photoautotrophic Growth Rate Enhancement of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by Heterologous Production of 2-Oxoglutarate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase from Chlorobaculum tepidum
Authors: Kim June , Oh Eun Kyoung , Kim Eui-Jin , Lee Jeong K.
Published: December 2022

2-Oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Chlorobaculum tepidum (CtOGOR) is a carbon-fixing enzyme in the reductive TCA cycle that reversibly carboxylates succinyl-CoA to yield 2-oxoglutarate. CtOGOR is a heterotetramer of two large (α = 68 kDa) and two small (β = 38 kDa) subunits. The αβ protomer harbors one thiamine pyrophosphate and two 4Fe-4S clusters. Nonetheless, the enzyme has a considerable oxygen tolerance with a half-life of 143 min at 215 μM dissolved oxygen. Kinetic analyses of the purified recombinant CtOGOR revealed a lower Km for succinyl-CoA than for 2-oxoglutarate. Cellular levels of 2-oxoglutarate and glutamate—a product of glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase—increased more than twofold in the exponential phase compared with the control strain, leading to an approximately >30% increase in the photoautotrophic growth rate. Thus, CtOGOR was successfully produced in Synechocystis, thereby boosting carboxylation, resulting in enhanced photoautotrophic growth.
Intensification of Biophenols Extraction Yield from Olive Pomace Using Innovative Green Technologies
Authors: Belghith Yosra , Kallel Imen , Rosa Maxence , Stathopoulos Panagiotis , Skaltsounis Leandros A. , Allouche Noureddine , Chemat Farid , Tomao Valérie
Published: December 2022

Olive pomace is the main by-product generated by the olive oil production process. Although toxic to the environment, olive pomace is an important source of natural antioxidants due to its high content of phenolic compounds. The aim of the current study is to maximize the extraction yields of the main phenolic compounds present in olive pomace using innovative green technologies. For this purpose, the present work is divided into two parts. The first part is based on a solubility study of targeted phenolic compounds in various ethanol/water ratios at two different temperatures (20 °C and 50 °C). A computational prediction using COSMO-RS software was applied for the calculation of eventual solubility, which was subsequently confirmed by practical experiments. The determination of the optimal extraction conditions of solvent ratio (EtOH/H2O) (60:40 v/v) and temperature (50 °C) led to the second part of the work, which concerns the intensification of extraction yields. Furthermore, various green extractions using innovative technologies, including accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound with its both system (probe (UAE-P) and bath (UAE-B)), bead milling (BM) and microwave (MAE), were carried out and then compared to conventional maceration (CM). Results showed that ASE was the most effective method for extracting phenolic compounds from dried olive pomace powder (5.3 milligrams of tyrosol equivalent (TE) per gram of dried olive pomace powder (DOP)) compared to CM (3.8 mg TE/g DOP).
Serum Levels of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Gómez-Bernal Fuensanta , Quevedo-Abeledo Juan Carlos , García-González María , Fernández-Cladera Yolanda , González-Rivero Agustín F. , de Vera-González Antonia , Martín-González Candelaria , González-Gay Miguel Á. , Ferraz-Amaro Iván
Published: December 2022

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that has broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1 is thought to be dysfunctional. In the present work, we aimed to study the relationship between the serum levels of TGF-β1 with the characteristics of the disease as well as with the patterns of activity, damage, or severity of the disease. Two hundred and eighty-four patients with well-characterized SLE were recruited. The serum levels of TGF-β1 were assessed. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relation of disease characteristics to TGF-β1. The Katz severity index (beta coefficient 179 [95% confidence interval 7–350] pg/mL, p = 0.041) and SLEDAI activity index (beta coefficient 96 [95% CI 20–171] pg/mL, p = 0.014) were associated with higher serum levels of TGF-β1 after the multivariable analysis. When the disease-specific features were studied, ocular and cardiovascular manifestations were positively associated with serum TGF-β1 levels. In contrast, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal involvements were associated with lower levels of circulating TGF-β1. Among patients with SLE, the serum levels of TGF-β1 were highly associated with disease-related manifestations.
HAT- and HDAC-Targeted Protein Acetylation in the Occurrence and Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Wang Jie , Yun Feng , Sui Jiahui , Liang Wenpeng , Shen Dingding , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2022

Epilepsy is a common and severe chronic neurological disorder. Recently, post-translational modification (PTM) mechanisms, especially protein acetylation modifications, have been widely studied in various epilepsy models or patients. Acetylation is regulated by two classes of enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HATs catalyze the transfer of the acetyl group to a lysine residue, while HDACs catalyze acetyl group removal. The expression of many genes related to epilepsy is regulated by histone acetylation and deacetylation. Moreover, the acetylation modification of some non-histone substrates is also associated with epilepsy. Various molecules have been developed as HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), which have become potential antiepileptic drugs for epilepsy treatment. In this review, we summarize the changes in acetylation modification in epileptogenesis and the applications of HDACi in the treatment of epilepsy as well as the mechanisms involved. As most of the published research has focused on the differential expression of proteins that are known to be acetylated and the knowledge of whole acetylome changes in epilepsy is still minimal, a further understanding of acetylation regulation will help us explore the pathological mechanism of epilepsy and provide novel ideas for treating epilepsy.
Multipollutant Abatement through Visible Photocatalytic System
Authors: Manzoor Suryyia , Garcia Javier , Shah Kausar , Khan Muhammad , Abbas Naseem , Raza Hina , Mubarik Shamroza , Hayat Muhamad , Iram Alveena , Yar Ahmed , Shanableh Abdallah
Published: December 2022

Water pollution damages the aquatic environment due to the presence of organic contaminants, which in turn is distressing to the ecosystem. Photocatalytic activity is a greener and promising method to degrade these organic contaminants. In this research, we present the degradation of diverse water pollutants through zinc/iron oxide nanoparticles serving as photocatalysts. The photocatalyst was studied for its efficiency to photodegrade congo red, brilliant green and para nitro phenol. Moreover, it also presented an antibacterial activity against the bacterium E. coli. Photocatalyst was characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Tauc plot was used to measure the optical band gap (1.84 eV). The effect of various parameters such as catalyst dose, contact time, dye dose/concentration and pH were also investigated to determine the optimum point of maximum degradation through response surface methodology. A face-centered composite design was used, and a quadratic model was followed by congo red, brilliant green dyes and para nitrophenol. The maximum photodegradation efficiencies were 99%, 94.3%, and 78.5% for congo red, brilliant green and phenol, respectively. Quantum yield for congo red, brilliant green and para-nitrophenol were 9.62 × 10−8, 1.17 × 10−7 and 4.11 × 10−7 molecules/photons, while the reaction rates were 27.1 µmolg−1h−1, 29.61 µmolg−1h−1 and 231 µmolg−1h−1, respectively.
Improved Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in the Critically Ill via Fluorescence Flowcytometric Hemoglobin Biomarkers
Authors: Zuther Mascha , Rübsam Marie-Luise , Zimmermann Mathias , Zarbock Alexander , Hönemann Christian
Published: December 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in critically ill patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU), and it can lead to severe consequences. Precise and immediate diagnostics are not available, but they are inevitably needed to administer adequate therapy. Serological parameters such as serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) are heavily influenced by simultaneous inflammation reactions, resulting in the need for more suitable parameters. Reticulocyte biomarkers such as reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He) and Delta-hemoglobin equivalent (Delta-He) determined by fluorescence flowcytometry are more specific for the diagnosis of IDA-based anemia and should be investigated for this purpose. Methods: In a prospective cohort single-center study, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were collected and compared to RET-He and Delta-He by performing a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of a single variable or the combination of two variables, as well as cutoff values, for the diagnosis of IDA were calculated. A group comparison for IDA patients without IDA was performed for a control group. Results: A total of 314 patients were enrolled from an interdisciplinary ICU. RET-He (area under the curve (AUC) 0.847) and Delta-He (AUC 0.807) did indicate iron-deficient anemia that was more specific and sensitive in comparison to serum ferritin (AUC 0.678) and TSAT (AUC 0.754). The detection of functional iron deficiency (FID) occurred in 28.3% of cases with anemia. Conclusions: Determination of RET-He and Delta-He allows for the increased precision and sensitivity of iron-deficient anemia in the ICU.