bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Daily Streamflow Data Using Ensemble Learning Models
Authors: Latifoğlu Levent , Canpolat Ümit
Published: January 2023

Estimating river streamflow is a key task for both flood protection and optimal water resource management. The high degree of uncertainty regarding watershed characteristics, hydrological processes, and climatic factors affecting river flows makes streamflow estimation a challenging problem. These reasons, combined with the increasing prevalence of data on streamflow and precipitation, often lead to data-driven models being preferred over physically-based or conceptual forecasting models. The goal of this study is to predict daily river streamflow data with high accuracy using bagging and boosting approaches, which are ensemble learning methods. In addition, the effect of tributary streamflow on the forecast performance was analyzed in the estimation of the streamflow data. According to the results obtained, it has been shown that ensemble learning models are successful in estimating daily streamflow data, and if the tributary streamflow data is also used as input in the estimation of the streamflow, the determination and correlation performance parameters are improved, and the streamflow data can be estimated using tributary streamflow data.
Hipertensión arterial como factor predisponente de insuficiencia renal en adultos.
Authors: Lino Toala Konny Nayeli , Moran Peñaherrera Yomaira
Published: January 2023

La hipertensión arterial y la insuficiencia renal son enfermedades que afectan directamente a la salud de los habitantes y que al padecerla los riesgos van cada vez más en aumento. La insuficiencia renal es una complicación bien conocida de la hipertensión acelerada y maligna que puede prevenirse con un tratamiento adecuado. No obstante, el riesgo de enfermedad renal en pacientes con formas de hipertensión es seguro. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general analizar la hipertensión arterial como factor predisponente de insuficiencia renal en adultos. La metodología empleada fue un diseño de revisión sistemática de artículos en revistas indexadas en base de datos científicas, en idioma inglés y español. De acuerdo a los resultados, se determinó a los factores modificables con mayor prevalencia la obesidad y sobrepeso seguido de la inactividad física, consumo de sal, ingesta de alcohol, tabaquismo y una dieta inadecuada, entre factores progresión está la diabetes mellitus y dislipidemias, con el uso de diagnósticos de laboratorio clínico de glucosa, colesterol, proteinuria, creatinina, entre otras, en la progresión de insuficiencia renal los más afectados son adultos mayores presentando mayor predominio el sexo masculino con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio III. En conclusión, la hipertensión arterial como factor predisponente para insuficiencia renal, es una patología que afecta con mayor frecuencia a los adultos mayores debido a ser más susceptibles o propensos por la calidad de vida que llevaron durante sus años pasados, es por esto que, es muy oportuno efectuar seguimientos y control en las personas que padecen estas enfermedades.
Analisis Penyebaran Berita Hoax Pada Pengguna Media Sosial Berdasarkan Hypodermic Needle Theory
Authors: Marwan M Ravii , Prasanti Tafana Dwi
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penyebaran berita hoax yang tersebar melalui berbagaimedia sosial seperti instagram, twitter, facebook dan whatsapp. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitudeskriptif kualitatif, untuk mendeskripsikan secara jelas, tepat, dan mendalam bagaiamana penyebaranberita hoax melalui media sosial. Teori yang dipakai yaitu Teori Jarum Suntik atau Hypodermic NeedleTheory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemajuan teknologi yang mudah dan murah menjadi faktorpenentu dalam mengakses informasi, selain itu para pegiat media sosial agar lebih cerdas dalammenggunakan informasi yaitu pemahaman terhadap literasi media yang umumnya dianggap sebagaisumber kebenaran.
Effects of Covid-19 Risk Perceptions on International Tourists’ Travel Intentions to Tanzania
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Harrison Margret , Mwakyusa John ,   University of Dar es Salaam
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of Covid-19 risk perceptions on international tourists' travel intentions to Tanzania. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 114 international tourists; and was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling through Smart PLS 3.0. The findings reveals that perceived behavioural control and subjective norms have a significant positive influence on the travel intention whereas the Perceived risk has no influence on travel intention. The study contributes to the existing literature on tourist travel during the novel Covid-19. It also sheds light on possible areas to be improved by destination managers and other tourism stakeholders in the country on strategies to adopt in promoting the tourism sector amidst health-related crises.
El arpa en la piedra. Su presencia en los templos coloniales en el norte de Chile
Authors:   Universidad de Tarapacá, Palmiero Tiziana , Díaz Araya Alberto ,   Universidad de Tarapacá, Daponte Jean Franco ,   Universidad de Tarapacá
Published: January 2023

El sitio Chillaiza II posee petroglifos coloniales entre los que destacan figuras de arpistas en actitud performática. Por su atuendo y trazos estéticos se asemejan a los arpistas retratados en los frescos de la iglesia de Pachama y a otras iconografías. Considerando estos antecedentes se analizan puntualmente los materiales etnohistóricos y musicológicos, y se documenta la circulación de arpas entre las doctrinas y templos de Arica y Tarapacá, en un contexto de evangelización colonial. Igualmente, se examina el rol de las comunidades indígenas locales en torno a las festividades y su instrumentación musical.
Saber enciclopédico y medicina nahua. Una aproximación al capítulo 28 del libro X de la Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (1577)
Authors:   Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca, Viveros Espinosa Alejandro , Vera Castañeda Julio ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: January 2023

Este artículo tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (1577), de Bernardino de Sahagún, considerado como ejemplo de un saber enciclopédico relacionado con el mundo cultural nahua postconquista. Nos interesa posicionar la Historia general como un ejercicio de traducción cultural realizado por Sahagún y sus colaboradores indígenas, quienes ulteriormente fueron activos participantes en la elaboración de un conocimiento médico nahua en diálogo directo con el saber natural europeo durante la modernidad temprana. Para ello, el trabajo considera un estudio en torno al contexto de producción de esta obra de Sahagún, desarrollando específicamente una aproximación al recetario que forma parte del capítulo 28 del libro X a través de un análisis comparativo sobre los contenidos de algunas imágenes relativas a enfermedades y remedios.
PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR), KUALITAS AKTIVA PRODUKTIF (KAP), DAN NON PERFORMING FINANCING (NPF) TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN LIKUIDITAS PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2017 – 2021
Authors: Lisa Lisa Fidyasari , Yusvita Nena Arinta
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh CAR, KAP, dan NPF terhadap kinerja keuangan dengan likuiditas perusahaan sebagai variabel intervening pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia periode 2017 - 2021. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 12 BUS yang terdaftar di OJK. . Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria tertentu, sehingga total sampel yang digunakan adalah 55 data dari 11 BUS periode 2017 – 2021. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial CAR, KAP, NPF, dan Likuiditas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan. Sedangkan CAR dan KAP berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap likuiditas. Dan NPF tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Likuiditas. Berdasarkan analisis jalur, Likuiditas tidak mampu memediasi CAR, KAP, dan NPF terhadap kinerja keuangan.
Acalypha wilkesiana acid extract as a potential green inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in acidic medium: Thermodynamics and kinetics study
Authors: Adedayo Tolulope , Olasehinde Emmanuel , Oluwasina Olayinka
Published: January 2023

The use of synthetic compounds as corrosion inhibitor is diminishing due to strict environmental regulations and toxic effects of the compounds on human beings and the environment. Consequently, there exists the need to develop a new class of corrosion inhibitors with low toxicity, eco-friendliness and good efficiency. Therefore, this study investigates the inhibitory potential of Acalypha wilkesiana (AWAE) extract on mild steel in 1M HCl using weight loss method. Experiments were performed by varying immersion period, concentration of the inhibitor and temperature. The results obtained showed a decrease in the corrosion rate of mild steel as the extract concentration increases while the inhibition efficiency increases with extract concentration. Effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency showed an increase in inhibition efficiency with rise in temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface in acid solution was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Calculated thermodynamic parameters revealed that the mechanism of the corrosion inhibition may be due to the chemical adsorption of the phyto-constituents on the surface of mild steel. Kinetic treatment of the data followed a first order reaction and the half-life values of the metal increase with increase in the extract concentration. Preliminary investigation of the phytochemical constituents showed that Acalypha wilkesiana contains tannin, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, steroid , terpenoid and some other compounds in trace quantity. FTIR results indicate that AWAE contains O and N atoms in functional groups and aromatic ring which meet the general consideration of a typical corrosion inhibitor.
CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL DE LA REGIÓN POLICIAL SUR Y LA INFLUENCIA EN LA CALIDAD DE SERVICIOS A LA COMUNIDAD
Authors: Bernedo Málaga Victor Williams
Published: January 2023

La investigación estuvo centrada en la descripción, interpretación y posterior análisis de los componentes de la cultura organizacional de los efectivos policiales de la Región Policial Sur-Arequipa - 2015, estos componentes están referidos a las relaciones humanas, la identificación, la capacitación, la motivación laboral, la comunicación y el soporte físico. Se buscó conocer la influencia en la calidad de los servicios al público usuario, quienes percibieron y valoraron el servicio mediante la calidad de atención al público, calidad de los mismos servicios y la satisfacción del usuario. Previo a ello, se realizó una búsqueda de antecedentes relacionados al propósito del estudio, apoyándose en teorías de connotados autores que brindaron información relevante y fidedigna relacionada con el estudio. Los principales métodos utilizados fue el inductivo, para clasificar y ordenar la información obtenida en la investigación y determinar las regularidades que presentan estos; el deductivo, al relacionar los datos obtenidos para establecer conceptos, enunciados y en base a ellos arribar a conclusiones certeras; y el método estadístico para la ordenación, sistematización y valoración de los datos. Los resultados han sido obtenidos con el uso de una metodología cuantitativa, mediante el análisis de contenido y de campo cuyas principales conclusiones señalan que los efectivos policiales de la Región Policial Sur, demostraron tener una cultura organizacional débil, caracterizada por una diversidad de acciones, variedad de prácticas y de valores, cuyos objetivos institucionales no son compartidos por todos. Con relación a la calidad de servicios, el público percibió que fueron deficientes y conse1 cuentemente insatisfactorios, debido al deterioro de confianza, poca amabilidady respeto que muestra el policía al público.
AUSENCIA DE PERENNIZACIÓN DE EVIDENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS EN DELITOS DE VIOLACIÓN SEXUAL DE MENORES DE 14 AÑOS Y LA CARENCIA DE MOTIVACIÓN PROBATORIA EN LAS SENTENCIAS PENALES
Authors: Vilca Chavez Belinda Marisol
Published: January 2023

El objetivo fue establecer si en los casos de violación sexual de menores de 14 años existe perennización de las evidencias biológicas encontradas en la víctima y analizar la forma de su valoración en la sentencia. El método fue no experimental de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo – correlacional; se aplicó muestreo no probabilístico, de un universo compuesto por el estudio de nueve sentencias que representaron al 100% de casos. Los resultados indican que los procesos penales seguidos por el delito de violación sexual de menores de 14 años de edad, se procede a perennizar las evidencias biológicas que se encontraban en las personas consideradas como presuntas víctimas y además cómo es que se valoraban por los jueces al momento de emitir sentencia. Durante el año 2016 el Juzgado Penal Colegiado de Puno emitió 09 sentencias, 04 condenatorias y 06 absolutorias, verificándose que sólo en una de ellas se procedió a perennizar las evidencias biológicas que fue determinante para la determinación de la responsabilidad penal, en tanto que en otros casos sólo se valoró el contenido del certificado médico legal y las afirmaciones efectuadas por el médico que los otorgó, lo cual no pudo ser corroborado en juicio por la falta de perennización, no obstante ello, fueron objeto de condena y sobre los procesos en que hubo declaración de inocencia, tampoco se valoraron evidencias perennizadas, sino en términos genéricos, insuficiencia probatoria. Se concluye que no existe perennización de evidencias biológicas en los casos de violación sexual que prevé el Código Penal.
MARKETING DE GUERRILLA ARMA ESTRATEGICA PARA LAS PYMES
Authors: Juño Delgado Marco V. , Escobar Mamani Fortunato
Published: January 2023

La saturación publicitaria, la aparición de nuevos públicos y el desarrollo de las tecnologías son factores que han contribuido a la evolución del marketing. En las empresas están cada vez más presentes las estrategias basadas en mecanismos no convencionales, donde se prima el ingenio por encima del presupuesto. Ante tal situación aparece el marketing de guerrilla, una herramienta que pretende llamar la atención del receptor y despertar su interés para, finalmente, convertirlo en consumidor de la marca. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue verificar la dependencia de la intensidad del marketing de guerrilla en relación con el género del cliente e identificar posibles tendencias de las campañas de marketing de guerrilla en las PyMES. Este trabajo se desarrolló bajo la línea base del enfoque cualicuantitavo. Cualitativo porque permitirá dentro de la investigación comprobar la factibilidad y viabilidad del modelo teórico planteado, el desarrollo de un instrumento de medición es necesario debido a que permitirá obtener la información óptima para el estudio de las variables que contienen al problema en estudio. Cuantitativo, los resultados que se realicen en la investigación de campo serán sometidos a las respectivas comprobaciones, lo que permitirá establecer un contacto directo y cercano con la realidad. La investigación estuvo dirigida a un grupo de jóvenes elegidos al azar en la Región de Puno. El resultado de la investigación puede utilizarse para las empresas que operan en el mercado sur oriente peruano, especialmente en el área de bebidas, alimentos, deportes / entretenimiento y productos de belleza. No obstante existen otras estrategias de marketing que influyen en el éxito de las PyMES.
IMPACTO DEL COVID-19 EN LOS ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE COGNITIVO DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA DEL CUSCO
Authors: Quispe Huayhua Hilda
Published: January 2023

La investigación: Impacto del Covid-19 en los estilos de aprendizaje cognitivo referentes a los alumnos de la Universidad Andina del Cusco, 2021; se planteó como objetivo: Determinar cuál es el impacto del Covid-19 en los estilos de aprendizaje de los alumnos. El método aplicado fue el científico con enfoque cuantitativo. El aprendizaje es un hacer del individuo, que conlleva diferentes procesos, métodos y estrategias; cada estudiante fue apto de organizar su propio método o estrategia para realizar su propio estilo de aprendizaje; en relación a ello, 49,79 % recusó que el Covid-19 impactó negativamente en las actividades académicas, investigación y en los estilos de aprendizaje; porque en las clases virtuales fue necesario la incorporación de nuevas estrategias metodológicas de educación a distancia; 38,27 % de la muestra modificó sus mecanismos de aprendizaje para adecuarse a los cambios por Covid-19. Sabiendo que el aprendizaje cognitivo, ayuda a maximizar el potencial del cerebro y mejora la capacidad de retención; el 49,79 % de los estudiantes resulta que impactó con consecuencias negativas el Covid-19 en los estilos de aprendizaje cognitivo; 38,68 % estableció que fue muy perjudicial y resulto de manera predominado las consecuencias del Covid-19 en la experiencia reflexiva y observación en el aprendizaje cognitivo. En conclusión, el Covid-19 afectó relevantemente en la experiencia de estilos de aprendizaje cognitivo; lo valida el estadístico de correlación de Spearman equivalente a 0,001 es menor a 0,005, lo que contrasta la hipótesis alterna: en referencia al tema planteado dentro de esta importante investigación.
DESPROTECCIÓN FAMILIAR DE NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES DEBIDO AL USO INADECUADO DE LA INFORMACIÓN VIRTUAL EN CABINAS PÚBLICAS DE INTERNET EN EL DISTRITO DE AREQUIPA
Authors: Janampa Sang Wendy Rosa
Published: January 2023

Hablar de internet hoy en día, no es algo nuevo, ni que llame la atención e involuntariamente dirigimos nuestra mente hacia el avance en lo que a comunicación se refiere y como el conocimiento fluye de un extremo a otro del mundo a una velocidad inimaginable hace unas décadas atrás, lo que obviamente ha tenido impacto en todas las áreas de la vida cotidiana, pero no todo es positivo, el internet también tiene su lado oscuro y este articulo analiza precisamente este impacto. De este modo, el objetivo principal ha sido demostrar la existencia de desprotección familiar de los niños y adolescentes de parte de los padres y/o cuidadores, que han permitido el uso inapropiado de la información virtual, la cual debiera tener el carácter de informativo en áreas del conocimiento acorde a la edad de los menores, en lugares donde se ofrece en forma pública, el servicio de internet. Cabe señalar, que este actuar de nuestros niños y adolescentes, ha sido aprovechado por los depredadores sexuales, tornando a los menores en potenciales víctimas de delitos sexuales y de trata de personas, por lo que urge la modificatoria de la Ley Nº 28119, “Ley que prohíbe el acceso de menores de edad a páginas web de contenido pornográfico y a cualquier otra forma de comunicación en red de igual contenido, en las cabinas públicas de internet”, ampliándola a video juegos con contenido de violencia o sexual.
Introduction
Authors: Hepp Guy David , Santasilia Catharina E. , Diehl Richard A.
Published: January 2023

Despite a large and growing corpus of research, the Mesoamerican Formative period remains a contested topic for American archaeology. This condition describes multiple areas of research, not least of which is the nature and significance of interregional interaction. In this introductory essay, the editors present a condensed synopsis of the research on interaction that has been most influential in the study of Mesoamerica. Considering schools of thought as disparate as economic studies focused on energetics and obsidian exchange to agency models for the community dynamics and “unintended consequences” of the Formative period, the authors explore our own academic backgrounds, biases, and disagreements. By highlighting some of the negotiations involved in the production of this prospectus and in gathering together the chapters in this edited collection, the authors hope to present an introduction that is candid, informative, and also original. Many introductions to the Formative period exist in the literature, not a few of which are coauthored. Rarely do such essays openly explore areas of disagreement and tensions among the coauthors, and we intend for this chapter to use that strategy as a novel way to explore some of the diverse perspectives that exist today about the Mesoamerican Formative period.
Full Bellies, Ringing Ears, and Smoke in Their Eyes
Authors: Hepp Guy David
Published: January 2023

Traditionally, the sociocultural changes of Mesoamerica’s Early Formative period (2000–1000 cal BCE), which included an increasing reliance on domesticates and the adoption of more complex modes of social organization, have been considered from theoretical perspectives focused on discussion of trade routes, settlement practices, and especially of subsistence economies. This theoretical bias is due, perhaps, to a lack of textual records from the era and the notion that the further one goes back in time the more one strays from ethnographic and ethnohistoric data. Far fewer are the serious considerations of Early Formative period cosmology and phenomenology. In this chapter Hepp explores the sensorial implications of Early Formative period archaeological contexts, particularly in coastal Oaxaca, Mexico, with the archaeology of the senses providing a glimpse of the lived experience of this period of significant transformation. Ethnographic and ethnohistoric data indicate some of the sensorial aspects of social change in the Early Formative were maintained in later Mesoamerican history. Comparisons of evidence for feasting, public performance, ball games, and ritual evince diverse patterns of shared practice and regionalism demonstrating that Oaxaca, today one of the most culturally diverse places in the Americas, has long been home to compelling diversity.
Reflections on the Mesoamerican Formative Period
Authors: Diehl Richard A.
Published: January 2023

This essay provides an overview of the preceding chapters by someone with the wary perspective of a card-carrying scholarly reactionary, someone who nicely fits archaeologist Harold Gladwin’s (1947) literary foil “Professor Fuddy Duddy.” He is not surprised to find this collection of current research on the Mesoamerican Formative period to be informative, eclectic, variable in quality but all worthy and even exciting contributions. They include current examples of archaeological fieldwork and collections-based research employing new techniques and perspectives brought to bear on both old and new problems. Together they demonstrate the strengths in current research and all open new avenues to research.
Practical Approaches to Managing Messy Data in Archaeology
Authors: Smith Jolene
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides a framework for practical data management of “messy” data in archaeology and heritage. Readers are given tools and best practices for creating robust datasets from the outset as well as making information from legacy records, spreadsheets and databases useful for analysis. In addition, the chapter provides ways to plan projects for optimal data durability using basic digital preservation principles.
Approaches to Research Data Infrastructure for Archaeological Science
Authors: Buckland Philip I. , Sjölander Mattias
Published: January 2023

Building databases and research tools for archaeological and environmental data, and maximizing their accessibility for a broad spectrum of potential users, is a non-trivial problem which can be approached in a number of different ways. Different user groups require different points of entry, are interested in different levels of detail, and require different levels of access, filters and visualizations. A single user interface may provide for an efficient, multiproxy approach for large scale syntheses, but may at the same time alienate specialists. This chapter will discuss some of these issues, drawing on experience from a number of international projects at different scales, including 1) The Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package (BugsCEP), an ecology orientated fossil insect database; 2) The Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database (SEAD), a multiproxy data infrastructure for archaeological science; and 3) DataARC, an inter-archive data discovery tool which links databases through concepts rather than data. The chapter concludes with an extended list of Grand Challenges for research data infrastructure for archaeology to help others navigate this theme.
Theorizing the Archive and Ethics of Open Access Archaeology
Authors: Heitman Carrie C.
Published: January 2023

Both the Chaco Research Archive (CRA) and the recently launched Salmon Pueblo (SPARC) project focus on the cultural heritage of the American Southwest.  But cultural heritage, in this context, is far from a singular proposition. Ancestral connections to places like Chaco Canyon and Salmon Pueblo are historically complex and, at times, divisive among contemporary stewards of this landscape and among the 26 culturally affiliated Tribes and Nations. The 15-year arc of these two projects has brought a range of responses from descendent communities.  For while web-accessible data projects may enhance access to archives and cultural heritage materials, such projects also promulgate certain ways of understanding the past. In this chapter, the author discusses the evolving ethical concerns that have informed the evolution of these efforts as well as the inherent perils and potential of open-access, cultural heritage materials.
Negotiating the Past in a Joined-Up World
Authors: Pantos Alexis
Published: January 2023

This chapter looks at archaeological visualization in light of increasingly interconnected and powerful digital production platforms. It uses a prototype linked data system leveraging games engine and GIS software for remote-access collaborative development of a paleoenvironmental reconstruction. It explores the potentials and pitfalls of these systems and how they fit into our understanding of visualization and knowledge production in archaeology.
Bertha Maxwell-Roddey
Authors: Ramsey Sonya Y.
Published: January 2023

This biography of educational activist and Black Studies pioneer Bertha Maxwell-Roddey examines a life of remarkable achievements and leadership in the early years of the desegregated South. Sonya Ramsey describes how Maxwell-Roddey and her peers turned hard-won civil rights and feminist milestones into tangible accomplishments in North Carolina and nationwide from the late 1960s to the 1990s.
Introduction
Authors: Ramsey Sonya Y.
Published: January 2023

Born in 1930, Charlotte educational activist Bertha Maxwell-Roddey personified the work of untold African American women leaders who utilized their positions as “firsts” to strategically forge new pathways to ensure that Black children, women, and families thrived after the collective presence of the civil rights marchers or the fiery rhetoric from Black Power activists faded from view after the 1970s. As a charismatic advocate, she embodied the concept of the modern-day race woman as a desegregation leader and one of the first Black women principals of a Charlotte white elementary school, as a forerunner of the Black Studies Movement as the founding director of UNC Charlotte’s Black Studies Program and as the founder of the National Council for Black Studies, as a Charlotte African American cultural institution builder, or as a servant-leader as the 20th National President of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated.
Introduction
Authors: Nelson Stephanie
Published: January 2023

Rather than a study of how Joyce used Homer, this work compares the essential themes that both works explore: change, identity, and our dependence on and isolation from others. It also situates the relation of Ulysses to the Odyssey within a self-reflexive series of epics, beginning with the oral tradition from which the Homeric poems grew, stretching to Virgil, Dante, and Milton, and including Ovid’s Metamorphoses as a notable outlier.
Time in Joyce and Homer
Authors: Nelson Stephanie
Published: January 2023

In his exploration of the nature of identity, Homer employs a contrast of ordinary time, the time of the poet and his audience, to “mythic” time, the heroic time of his stories. Similarly, Joyce’s initial style contrasts “clocktime” to time as it is experienced, Bergson’s duree. In both cases, however, the distinction collapses, for Joyce in the varied narrative styles of Ulysses’ “Arranger” and for Homer as the story of Odysseus fighting his way out of myth itself becomes a subject of song. Both works contrast flux and fixity as poles threatening identity, but while Homer contrasts human life to the timeless world of the gods, Joyce adds a new dimension to the epic tradition by questioning the absolute and ignoring both the break in time posited by Christianity and his own generation’s view of WWI as a seismic change.
Introduction
Authors: Phillips Mackowski Maura
Published: January 2023

Beginning with a background on NASA’s origins and organization, the introduction then describes the stepchild status of space life sciences within the agency and what that meant internally and within the larger external science community. It goes on to summarize the topics covered in the book. It ends with another look at the status of life sciences, as a misfit in an organization developed for and run by engineers.
Everyone’s a Scientist
Authors: Phillips Mackowski Maura
Published: January 2023

Chapter 1 describes the early promise of the space shuttle at first flight in 1980. Student participation began first with the Shuttle Student Involvement Project that benefited only individual children but evolved into broader K-12 and college-level participation in static experiments. Flights by McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Corporation (MDAC) of its Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES)—and the first private industry astronaut, MDAC’s Charles Walker—demonstrated potential for the commercialization of space via the processing of biological materials. The extended time before Return To Flight (RTF) and heated political arguments over human-tended free flyers (satellites) for bioprocessing aborted the discussion. Ultimately the Challenger accident proved early optimism to be an exaggeration of the shuttle’s (and NASA’s) capabilities and an underestimation of the hazards of spaceflight.
Working in the Space Environment
Authors: Phillips Mackowski Maura
Published: January 2023

Chapter 2 describes the evolution of the astronaut population and its impact. Previously restricted to white, male, U.S. military or ex-military jet pilots, NASA’s shuttle astronaut cadre expanded to include women, foreign nationals, commercial participants, politicians, research scientists, and the elderly. Anthropometry data (e.g., sex, height, weight, reach) was used to design new space suits and the interior of the shuttle cabin, accommodating a broader range of human sizes and shapes. Mercury astronaut and U.S. senator John Glenn, age 77, returned to space as a crewmember of STS-95, his participation resurrecting memories of the Mercury Thirteen—women pilots rejected as astronaut candidates in the early 1960s on the basis of sex. Closed Environmental Life Support Systems (CELSS) research, prompted by President George H. W. Bush’s Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) also began at several NASA Centers, proving the concept of space agriculture for environmental scrubbing and food production in space.
Organizing in the 1980s–1990s
Authors: Phillips Mackowski Maura
Published: January 2023

Because research opportunities in space were extremely competitive, sought-after, challenging, and expensive, NASA wanted to increase support among the non-NASA scientist community. This chapter addresses key issues that affected extramural, political, and community support, including the use of humans and animals as test subjects. It also describes NASA’s work to create support communities by establishing or expanding institutions such as the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). President William Clinton and Congress combined efforts to greatly cut federal expenses during the 1990s, so expansion was thwarted by Zero Base Reviews to prove the value of every dollar spent. Computer-based risk assessment was one of the technologies adopted to do more with less money.
Design and Redesign
Authors: Phillips Mackowski Maura
Published: January 2023

Beginning with a short review of space station concepts in the early days of spaceflight, this chapter goes on to describe plans by NASA and agency contractors to put dozens, even hundreds of people into orbit at one time. It discusses the competition—the Soviet and Russian successes with Salyut and Mir—and the serious efforts that began during Ronald Reagan’s presidency to create a permanent American space station. Committed to partnerships with long-time allies Canada, the European Space Agency (ESA), and new collaborator Japan, NASA and administrator Daniel Goldin struggled through relationship issues when station budgets were cut and the design downsized. Ultimately, Russian participation moved station plans forward but challenged Goldin, managers, engineers, astronauts, and scientists. Among the ideas that had to be abandoned was artificial gravity.
The Cold War and Its Aftermath
Authors: Phillips Mackowski Maura
Published: January 2023

The end of the Cold War in the 1990s changed the Soviet Union’s space program into the Russian space program and renewed collaboration suspended during the Jimmy Carter presidency. This chapter describes the revival of NASA’s participation in Russia’s Cosmos/Bion life sciences missions. That ended after the 1997 death of monkey Multik and years of protest by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and others. It portrays the emotional roller coaster that was the Shuttle-Mir program, concluding that it had been worthwhile on many levels and set the stage for collaboration on ISS. International participation brought new challenges to NASA’s on-orbit medical studies in terms of language issues, cooperation, import and export of research materials, and improving research and data collection protocols.
Obtaining Cell Cultures of Medicinal Plants
Authors: Emmanuella Bulya Torkwase , V. Glukhareva Tatiana , G. Kovaleva Elena
Published: January 2023

In vitro propagation of medicinal plants has been incorporated into producing healthy plants that are beneficial to humanity. Some basic principles and factors tend to influence the cultivation process, thus, causing this method of plant propagation to be adapted owing to the importance and benefits surrounding this method. The main objective of this research work was to obtain cell cultures of medicinal plants of Cichorium intybus, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, Monarda citriodora, and Rhodiola krylovii. In obtaining the cell cultures of these medicinal plants, some steps need to be followed. In this research, the effect of different methods of sterilisation/cultivation of plant seeds and explants were evaluated using two different media compositions, observable differences between sterile and non-sterile plant seedlings of C. intybus, Monarda citriodora, and Rhodiola krylovii. The effect of growth regulator (Kinetin) and non-growth regulator (Kinetin) on the cell cultures was observed in solid and liquid media; the dry and wet weight was determined for a callus of Chicory grown in cell suspension culture. All results were presented on tables and charts.
Natural Water Reservoirs as an Example of Effective Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)
Authors: Widelska Ewelina , Sowińska-Świerkosz Barbara , Walczak Wojciech
Published: January 2023

Nature-based solutions (NBS) include actions that are inspired and/or powered by nature. The level of human intervention can vary from no or minimum intervention to the creation of the entire new ecosystems. One of the types of such solutions are natural water reservoirs (NWRs) with recreational and bathing functions, in which natural water self-purification processes are used. Mechanical, biological, and chemical self-purification processes are used to filter water in natural swimming pools. The elimination of nutrients (nutrients) and bacterial contamination takes place through the use of biological filter beds, usually planted with aquatic vegetation. Implementation of natural water reservoirs also showed a multitude of positive effects on the environment benefits including: enhancing the natural capital, promoting biodiversity, creating new habitats, mitigating water runoff, enhancing water resilience, contribution to urban heat island (UHI) mitigation, increasing air quality, and improvement of local climate.
Implications of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Mexico
Authors: Arturo Gonzalez Nuñez Carlos , Anel Cabrera Galeana Paula , Ruiz Cruz Sandy , Garcilazo Reyes Alexandra
Published: January 2023

BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutations have played a role in understanding its risk for several different cancer like breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer Knowing that biology is king, and its determination plays a role in prognosis for patients with cancer. Several recommendations have been made focusing on which population should have BRCA mutational status determined. This determination could help seek targeted therapy that could have a beneficial impact on cancer patients. Having this said, efforts have been made to determine if our Mexican population has the same prognosis when BRCA mutation is present when compared to global reports. As well as researching founder mutations that could help understand our Mexican population. This chapter seeks to describe and analysis this current scenario in Mexican population with BRCA mutation.
Perspective Chapter: Identification of Body Contouring Surgery Complications by Multispectral RGB/Infrared Thermography Imaging
Authors: Leal Brioschi Marcos , Couto Menezes Lemos Soane , Dalmaso Neto Carlos , De Meneck Franciele , Rodrigues Resende Patricia , Borba Neves Eduardo
Published: January 2023

Infrared thermography can assist in the documentation of inflammatory vascular healing reactions and tissue perfusion resulting from esthetic surgical procedures in different parts of the body and face. Both in preoperative planning and in its postoperative evolutionary behavior. Infrared thermography is a functional imaging technique of cutaneous vascular activity using long-infrared electromagnetic radiation emitted by tissue cells. It can accurately identify terminal cutaneous perforating vessels related to greater or lesser skin perfusion, non-invasively, quickly, painlessly, safely and without emission of ionizing radiation by scanning a segment or entire body in a single image. This facilitates the evaluation of patients undergoing lipoabdominoplasty and their postoperative follow-up. Monitoring of new techniques and traditional procedures with infrared scanning technology helps in the early diagnostic elucidation of complications (edema, seromas, epidermolysis, hematoma, dehiscence, infection, necrosis), evolutionary studies of healing and local effects of thermoguided procedures (such as manual therapy, laser photobiomodulation, ultrasound, radiofrequency, hyperbaric oxygen therapy) direct the treatment with more objectivity, better results, and safety.
Heavy Metals in Surface Soils and Crops
Authors: Velayatzadeh Mohammad
Published: January 2023

In the era of industrialization and technological progress, pollution has reduced the quality of life for humans. Heavy metal pollution is one of the main causes of environmental degradation. The underlying causes are natural as well as human. Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a worldwide environmental issue that has attracted considerable public attention, mainly due to increased concern for the safety of agricultural products. Heavy metals refer to some metals and metals with biological toxicity such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead and chromium. These elements enter the soil agricultural ecosystem through natural processes resulting from raw materials and through human activities. Heavy metal pollution is a great threat to the health and well-being of animals and humans due to the risk of potential accumulation through the food chain. The main sources of heavy metal pollution are air pollution, river sediments, sewage sludge and municipal waste compost, agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, and industrial wastes such as factories that release chemicals. Heavy metals can enter the water supply through industrial and consumer wastes or even from acid rain that decomposes soils and releases heavy metals into streams, lakes, rivers and groundwater.
Effect of the Degree of Soil Contamination with Cd, Zn, Cu and Zn on Its Content in the Forder Crops and Mobility in the Soil Profile
Authors: Pikuła Dorota
Published: January 2023

In the micro plot experiment, the effect of varying light and medium soil contamination with heavy metals on their content in rye green fodder, serradella forage and barley, and the migration of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the soil profile was evaluated. Plants accumulated more heavy metals on light soil and soil with low organic matter content. Under the influence of increasing heavy metal contamination of soils, cadmium content increased more in fodder plants than lead content. After 14 years from the introduction of different rates of metals into the top layer (0–30 cm) of the two soils studied, a relatively large movement of heavy metals in the soil profile occurred. The amount of leached metals depends mainly on the rate of a given element. The more contaminated the soil, the heavier the metals that leached to lower genetic levels of soil. An increase in mobility was obtained alongside an increase in soil contamination with the heavy metals studied. By analyzing the mobility coefficients, they can be ranked in the following decreasing sequence: on light soils: Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb and on medium soils: Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu.
Phyco-Remediation of Sewage Wastewater by Microalgae
Authors: Vandana Radhakrishnan , Rakesh Suchitra
Published: January 2023

Land and water resources are significant constraints in the present energy scenario. Phyco-remediation is crucial in attaining the UNDP’s sixth sustainable development goal. The wastewater treatment by microalgae is highly economical, and the biomass generated can be further utilized for biofuel production. The successful coupling of microalgae with wastewater can overcome the expensive cultivation of microalgae and pollutants with wastewater and scale-up production of high-value products. A microalgae-based wastewater treatment process reduces BOD, inhibits coliforms, removes nutrients and contaminants, and removes heavy metals. In wastewater, nutrients are abundant, making it an ideal medium for growing microalgae. Microalgal biomass can produce a wide range of high-value products, such as biomethane, compost, biofuels, and animal feed.
Techniques of Using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as the Cellular System to Investigate How of the Bovine Species (Indian Zebu-Jersey Crossbreds) Responds to in vitro Thermal Stress Stimulation (Thermal Assault/Heat Shock)
Authors: Olaitan Onasanya Gbolabo , Kannan Thiruvenkadan Aranganoor , Adishetu Yisa Alice , Gopalan Tirumurugaan Krishnaswamy , Nagarajan Murali , Ramasamy Saravanan , Angamuthu Raja , Mutani Msalya George , Obiora Ikeobi Christian
Published: January 2023

Animal production is negatively impacted by global warming and is subject to serious consequences for livestock production systems. In order to understand how PBMCs of Indian Zebu-Jersey crossbreds respond to various levels and durations of thermal assault and heat shock, in this chapter we will discuss techniques involving in vitro thermal stress stimulation (TSS) to stimulate bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under various thermal assault conditions (TACs), including normal to extreme temperatures and varying durations of thermal exposure (DTEs). The consequences of thermal stress on bovine species can be lessened and managed with an understanding of how PBMCs as a cellular system respond to in vitro heat shock and thermal assault. To learn more about how Indian Zebu-Jersey crossbreds respond to in vitro thermal conditions, it may also be possible to explore the relationship between the decrease in PBMCs count during in vitro TSS and the expression of the heat shock protein genes (HSPs) such as HSPs 70 and 90 genes. This will be exploited to discover how Indian Zebu-Jersey crossbreds respond in vivo to diverse environmental thermal conditions and will further enable in vivo understanding of the potential for thermotolerance in bovine species for better adaptability, survival, and production performance.
Self-Healing Coatings
Authors: Kharaji Shahin
Published: January 2023

Metal corrosion is a natural and inevitable process that imposes a lot of cost on many industries and can also have irreparable consequences. Several methods, such as cathodic protection, galvanizing, painting, and coatings, are available to prevent metal corrosion. Selection of the best corrosion prevention method depends on many factors including cost, effectiveness, type of metal, and corrosive media but it can be said that coatings are probably the most convenient method to prevent corrosion of metals due to the low cost, availability of raw materials, flexibility, and simplicity. Despite having many advantages, coatings are subject to problems such as cracking and degradation. Therefore, they must be repaired or replaced. Self-healing coating has been introduced and developed during the past decades as a very effective method to overcome the problems of traditional coatings. Self-healing means healing (recover/repair) internal damages automatically and autonomously. It is an amazing property that can fill cracks and small pinholes which leads to increased service lives of coatings. This chapter presents different strategies for fabrication of self-healing materials and explains their challenges and limitations. Furthermore, the use of self-healing materials in metal corrosion through different mechanisms is discussed, and published reports in this field are reviewed.
Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Şahin Emrah , Bali İlhan , Said Dalkiliç Muhammed , Gençtürk Mehmet , Yilmaz Merih , Hakan Kanat Burhan , Sözen Selim
Published: January 2023

Abdominal trauma accounts for 7–10% of hospital admissions due to trauma. Depending on the mechanism of occurrence, abdominal traumas are classified as either blunt or penetrating. The most important risk after trauma is hypovolemic shock. Deaths caused by blunt trauma are frequently the result of diagnostic difficulties and treatment delays. Abdominal surgery after traumatic injury is performed for two reasons; bleeding due to injury to vascular structures or a solid organ (e.g., spleen, liver, kidney) or injury due to perforation of a hollow organ (stomach, small intestine, colon, gallbladder). Patients may remain asymptomatic until they have lost 50–60% of their blood volume. Through inspection, auscultation, and palpation, the damaged organs and the presence of hemorrhage should be examined during the physical examination. The findings of peritoneal irritation are incredibly critical. Even though some studies indicate a mortality rate as high as 25.8% for abdominal injuries, the overall mortality rate is 10%. Other studies reveal mortality rates ranging from 15% to 17.1%. It should not be forgotten that the patient with abdominal trauma may have multi-trauma. The patient’s vital signs, abdominal examination, and hematocrit should be checked at frequent intervals. Early surgical evaluation is important. It is important to remember that the main source of bleeding and shock may be the abdomen.