bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Sanger DNA Sequencing Technologies in Tracing the Phylogeny of Meliola mangiferae
Authors: Ahmad Dar Rafiq , Nand Rai Akhila
Published: March 2019

During the summer 2014, dark black symptoms beneath the leaf surfaces were observed on the Populas alba L species in the south Kashmir. In the later stages of development the infection subtends the whole surface resulting in leaf collapse. Fungal isolates were recovered directly from the structures present on the lesions. Purified DNA from each isolate was amplified using the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique recruiting the ITSI (TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS4 (TCCTCCGC TTATTGATATGC) specific primers. Amplification products visualized on agarose gel showed specific band pattern for each isolate. The mycotaxonomic characterization and phylogenetic interpretations showed the emergence of fungal species, Meliola sp. KY623717 with genetic variance of 2% in Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of rDNA from closely related species under geographically distinct region.
Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education Challenges: A Case Study
Authors: Eslit Edgar R
Published: March 2019

Considering its implementation, the linguistic and cultural diversity of Mindanao, however, brings much complexity to the issue of language policy in education. With Mindanao’s more than 26 provinces and over 25 million population (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2005), the government offers a challenging environment for implementing a language policy that is supposed to serve all Mindanao regions and the rest of the country.
Dynamic Response to Moving Distributed Masses of Pre-Stressed Uniform Rayleigh Beam Resting on Variable Elastic Pasternak Foundation
Authors: Adeoye AS , Awodola TO
Published: March 2019

The dynamic response to moving distributed masses of pre-stressed uniform Rayleigh beam resting on variable elastic Pasternak foundation is examined. The equation governing this problem is a fourth order partial differential equation with variable and singular co-efficients. To solve this cumbersome equation, the method of Galerkin approach is adopted to reduce the governing differential equation to a sequence of coupled second order ordinary differential equation which is then simplified further with modified asymptotic method of Struble. The more simplified equation is solved using the Laplace transformation technique. The closed form solutions obtained are analyzed in order to show the conditions of resonance, and to show that resonance is attained earlier in moving mass system than in the moving force system. The results in plotted graphs show that as the axial force, the rotatory inertia, foundation modulus and shear modulus increase, the deflection of the elastically supported non-uniform Rayleigh beam decreases in each case. The transverse deflections of the beam on variable Pasternak elastic foundation are higher under the action of moving masses than those when only the force effects of the moving load are considered. This implies that resonance is reached faster in moving mass problem than in moving force problem.
The Determinants Factors of Balance of Payments: An Investigation from Sudan through the Period 1980-2016
Authors: Mohammed Khalid Yousif Faroug , Attahir Musa Almahdi Musa
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the determinants of Sudan balance of payments using annual data on Balance Of Payments (BOP), foreign debt (ED), Exchange Rate (EX), inflation (INF), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the period (1980 - 2016). The paper elaborates the problem regarding the impact of foreign debt on the balance of payments. The paper built on the fundamental assumption that the foreign debt linked to a positive relationship with the balance of payments by running VECM Approach. Results of the study indicate that there is a direct correlation between the balance of payments and foreign debt, and an inverse relationship between the balance of payments and all of the inflation, gross domestic product and exchange rate during the fore mentioned period. The paper recommends that Sudan should not totally depends on foreign aid in solving its economic problems which entails to transfer big amount of the national product to meet the commitments towards those foreign countries, the need for coordination between macroeconomic policies and domestic economic policies in order to increase output domestic product, economic policies are functioning to reduce the ratio of foreign debt and the reduction of inflation and bring about stability in the exchange rate which leads to improving the balance of payments to be adopted by Sudan.
Development and Validation of New Analytical Method for the Determination of Particle Size Distribution in Glimepiride Using Laser Based Particle Size Analyzer
Authors: Gosar A , Jadhav S , Patil V , Folane S , Jadkar A , Vispute T
Published: March 2019

Particle size is a key factor for modern drug quality since it affects the bioavailability and dissolution profile of the drug product. Study for Particle size is helpful to optimize drug product development process and improve the quality of drugs. In Order to determine the particle size of Glimepiride a novel and accurate Particle size determination method has been developed for the determination of particle size distribution of Glimepiride was described in this paper. This method has shown good reproducible results. By using water as dispersant wet method is developed and validated as per International conference on Harmonization guidelines (Q2 (R1)) and found out robust and reproducible with % RSD of d (10), d (50) and d (90) values found within acceptance limit ranges from 6.05% to 21.84% for d(0.1), 3.04% to 9.87% for d(0.5) and 4.69% to 14.32% for d(0.9) in validation. The described method is accurate and validated and successfully applied for the determination of particle size distribution of Glimepiride. Particle size method is discussed in detail to ensure in-depth understanding of particle size distribution and particle size method performance during lifetime of the product.
Effective and Safe Fibrinolysis Requires both Plasminogen Activators in a Sequential Combination
Authors: Gurewich Victor
Published: March 2019

A clot that obstructs blood flow triggers the onset of most heart attacks and 85% of strokes, the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Reestablishing blood flow rapidly limits damage to the heart or brain, saves lives, and can restore well-being. Since “time is heart or brain,” treatment must be initiated rapidly, which means by a readily available method.

Fibrinolysis is the only therapy able to fulfill these criteria but the current method using tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) monotherapy is not sufficiently safe to be administered without pre-testing nor is it sufficiently effective to be very useful. Although anticoagulants have evolved, especially in recent years, the same thrombolytic has been used since 1987, when tPA monotherapy was approved for the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and subsequently also for ischemic stroke.
Makna Isteri Yang Cakap Menurut Kitab Amsal 31:10-31
Authors: Yati Rumi
Published: March 2019

God only created two types of people, men, and women. There is no third type. And the existence of both of them is to complement each other. So to unite the two God formed an institution called family. That's where they will unite as husband and wife. They have their respective roles. The existence of a wife is a helper for her husband. And this is where a wife of noble character is needed to be a helper. What is a wife of noble character? Through the exposition of the book of Proverbs 31: 10-31 it will answer. A wife of noble character is a wife who has all the parts of a respectable character, and an extraordinary power to carry out all her duties and obligations, especially in her household, she is able to make a decision that can be useful for herself and her entire family.
Bilateral multiple supernumerary premolars in a non-syndromic patient: A rare case report
Authors: Garg Kriti , Shing Shiv , Sachdeva Rohan , Mehrotra Vishal
Published: March 2019

Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth above the normal erupted teeth number. Supernumerary premolars are rare developmental anomalies when compared to mesiodens and other supernumerary teeth. Supernumerary premolars are more common in the mandible than the maxilla. This article reports a rare occurrence of supplemental premolars bilaterally present in the maxilla and mandible arches in a non-syndromic patient.

Keywords: Supernumerary teeth, premolars, bilateral, maxilla, mandible
La didáctica del problema puente y los talleres integrados como medio de aprendizaje efectivo de las ciencias
Authors: Guerrero Salazar Christian , Prieto López Yeimer
Published: March 2019

El constante cambio social, la apatía académica que se evidencia en el interior de los salones de clases, producto del cada vez más notorio alejamiento de los procesos de aula de la realidad que viven nuestros estudiantes, la falta de resultados positivos evidenciados en el fracaso de las evaluaciones escritas tanto estandarizadas como parciales; demuestran la urgencia de cambios metodológicos profundos que propendan a crear ambientes de aprendizaje más coherentes con las características que propone el modelo pedagógico de nuestro país. El tema del presente estudio es La Didáctica del Problema puente y los talleres integrados como medio de aprendizaje efectivo de las ciencias, una propuesta metodológica innovadora que, basada en la integración ecléctica de didácticas contemporáneas efectivas como el Aprendizaje basado en problemas, la Enseñanza para la Comprensión y el Aula Invertida, propone su propia estructura didáctica, coordinando entre sí las bondades de cada una. El proceso metodológico es dinámico, y está basado en las corrientes constructivista y cognitivista, ya que establece los principios del Aprender haciendo, potenciando el rol mediador pedagógico
The determinants of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export: macroeconomic approach
Authors: Remeikienė Rita , Gasparėnienė Ligita , Sadeckas Alius
Published: March 2019

The development of an appropriate export promotion strategy in any country calls for consideration of such country-level determinants as macroeconomic indicators and cultural elements. Small economies, like Lithuania, must have a clear understanding of which macroeconomic factors most significantly contribute to the competitiveness of their exports. This article is aimed at assessment of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export in the macroeconomic context.

The main purpose of the research is to assess the determinants of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export in the macroeconomic context. For accomplishment of the defined purpose, the following objectives were raised: 1) to review the general determinants of export competitiveness; 2) to develop the methodology for assessment of the country’s export competitiveness in the macroeconomic context; 3) to empirically assess the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the competitiveness of Lithuanian export over the period 2007–2015. The research methods include comparative and systematic literature analysis, correlation and regression analysis.

It has been found that GDP (gross domestic product) per capita and general state’s revenue from taxes and social contributions explain the trends of Lithuanian export by 99.1 percent. A very strong correlation has been estimated between Lithuanian export and terms of financing for exporting enterprises, a negative medium-strong correlation has been estimated between the country’s export and its general tax level, while a positive medium-strong correlation has been captured between the country’s export and its minimum wages.

Novelty. The results lead to the conclusion that the competitiveness of Lithuanian export is mainly affected by the state’s tax policy, terms of financing for exporting enterprises and social wage strategies. By improving the above-mentioned areas, the country could occupy stronger competitive positions in international markets.
Insurgency and Small Wars: Estimation of Unobserved Coalition Structures
Authors: Trebbi Francesco , Weese Eric
Published: March 2019

Insurgency and guerrilla warfare impose enormous socio‐economic costs and often persist for decades. The opacity of such forms of conflict is an obstacle to effective international humanitarian intervention and development programs. To shed light on the internal organization of otherwise unknown insurgent groups, this paper proposes two methodologies for the detection of unobserved coalitions of militants in conflict areas. These approaches are based on daily geocoded incident‐level data on insurgent attacks. We provide applications to the Afghan conflict during the 2004–2009 period and to Pakistan during the 2008–2011 period, identifying systematically different coalition structures. Applications to global terrorism data and identification of new groups or shifting coalitions are discussed.
Autopercepção de competência em crianças: conceito, mudanças características na infância e fatores associados
Authors: Nobre Glauber Carvalho , Valentini Nadia Cristina
Published: March 2019

Esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivos: 1) descrever o conceito de auto percepção de competência (PC) e a relação com o “self”; 2) descrever as mudanças características na autopercepção de competência na infância tendo como principal referência a perspectiva teórica proposta por Harter (1979; 1988; 2012a; 2012b); 3) revisar os principais fatores associados a PC em crianças. Método: foram revisadas pesquisas oriundas de bases de dados eletrônicas SciELO, Sportdisscus, LILASC, Pubmed, Google acadêmico, Periódicos Capes, de busca manual nas referências de estudos publicados, em bases de dados de testes e dissertações, estudos publicados em eventos e livros de autores de referência sobre o assunto. Ainda, as principais obras da autora Susan Harter foram revisadas para contemplar o segundo objetivo deste estudo. Entre os 5 e 12 anos de idade, várias mudanças podem ser observadas na PC das crianças. Esta variável tem importantes implicações e, no papel de agentes mediadores, os pais, os familiares e os professores devem estar atentos a experiências que possibilitem a construção de uma percepção positiva e realista sobre a competência das crianças.
A música nas aulas de body combat™ melhora o estado de ânimo de adolescentes
Authors: Kommers Michelle Jalousie , Rodrigues Rosilene Andrade Silva , Gomes Graciele , Zavala Arturo Alejandro , Fett Waleria Christiane Rezende , Fett Carlos Alexandre
Published: March 2019

O objetivo é analisar o efeito da prática de aula sem música e com música do programa body combat™ sobre os estados de ânimo de 29 adolescentes, 18 do sexo feminino e 11 do sexo masculino, com faixa etária de 12 a 15 anos. Foi utilizado o questionário Lista de Estados de Ânimo-Reduzida e Ilustrada (LEA-RI) composto por 14 adjetivos (7 variáveis positivas e 7 negativas), aplicado antes e depois das aulas de body combat™, na primeira semana sem música, e na segunda semana com música. Utilizou-se teste de Shapiro-Wilk, de McNemar e teste χ² para verificar a associação das variáveis com significância de p< 0,05, isto é, a 10%, 5% e 1%, com intervalo de confiança de 90, 95 e 99%, respectivamente. Na aula com música os sentimentos positivos: “feliz/alegre” (p=0,0001), “espiritual” (p<0,001), “ativo/energético” (p=0,0263), “leve” (p<0,001), aumentaram. Nas variáveis dos sentimentos negativos: “triste” (p=0,0008), “desagradável” (p=0,0013), “tímido” (p=0,0001) e “com medo” (0,0001), diminuíram. Nas aulas com e sem música o adjetivo “cansado” (p=0,0001) e (p=0,0020) aumentou respectivamente. Constatou-se que o body combat™, aplicado com música, aumentou significativamente os sentimentos positivos e redução dos negativos, sendo recurso motivacional para a adesão ao exercício físico.
Efeitos da suplementação crônica de açaí sobre danos musculares em corredores de rua
Authors: Cruz Isadora Almeida , Mendes Renata Rebello , Gomes João Henrique , Oliveira e Silva Ana Mara , Souza Raphael Fabrício , Oliveira Alan Santos
Published: March 2019

O exercício físico aeróbio eleva o volume de oxigênio consumido e, consequentemente, de espécies reativas de oxigênio. O acúmulo destas culmina em estresse oxidativo, e a susceptibilidade a danos musculares. O açaí contém elevadas concentrações de antioxidantes, responsáveis por reduzir o estresse oxidativo. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do consumo crônico de açaí sobre o dano muscular de corredores de rua. 14 corredores homens foram randomicamente divididos em grupos açaí (200g diários) ou controle, durante 25 dias. Foram avaliados, no período pré (M1) e pós intervenção (M2), marcador de dano muscular (CK) em repouso, imediatamente e 24h após corrida, percepção subjetiva do esforço (PSE) e antropometria. No M1, houve elevações significativas de CK após o exercício (0h e 24h) em ambos os grupos, sem haver diferença entre eles. Após a intervenção, observou-se redução significativa da CK 24h no grupo que recebeu açaí, em relação ao M1, demonstrando que o consumo crônico de açaí preveniu danos musculares. Não houve diferença significativa acerca dos dados antropométricos e a PSE entre ambos os momentos e grupos. Conclui-se que suplementação de açaí reduziu significativamente a CK de corredores de rua em prova de 10km, porém, sem alterar a PSE e a composição corporal.
Efeito agudo da aplicação de vibração de corpo inteiro na força muscular de membros superiores
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Paulino , Menzel Hans-Joachim Karl , Szmuchrowski Leszek Antoni , Neto Severino Leão de Albuquerque , Kanope Tane , Gonçalves Reginaldo , De Souza Monica Vieira , Couto Bruno Pena
Published: March 2019

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito agudo da aplicação de vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) sobre o impulso e sobre a força máxima de membros superiores. Vinte voluntários do sexo masculino, treinados, com idade: 23,8 ± 3,3 anos, foram submetidos a 3 sessões (uma sessão de familiarização e duas sessões de intervenção). Em cada uma das sessões de intervenção os voluntários realizaram uma contração voluntária máxima (CVM) de flexores do cotovelo sem aplicação de vibração e duas CVM com adição de vibração. Foram utilizadas 4 frequências de VCI (10, 20, 30 e 40Hz) distribuídas de maneira aleatória nas 4 CVM realizadas com vibração nas duas sessões de coleta. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a força máxima e o impulso gerados na contração sem vibração foram significativamente maiores do que a força máxima e o impulso gerados durante a contração realizada com aplicação de VCI. Para o treinamento de força, a aplicação de VCI, nas frequências testadas na presente investigação, representou um menor estímulo de treinamento para os membros superiores, uma vez que gerou uma redução na força máxima e no impulso dos músculos flexores do cotovelo.
Church mothers of Mbare Township: In memory of Mrs Elizabeth Maria Ayema (Mai Musodzi) and Sr Barbara Tredgold
Authors: Gundani Paul H.
Published: March 2019

The changing of place names (e.g. street and public buildings) often accompanies change of governments, particularly in countries where one ideology has triumphed over another. This was the case in Zimbabwe following the triumph of ZANU-PF over the settler colonial government of Ian Smith, in 1980. Harari Township, the oldest black suburb in the then city of Salisbury (also renamed Harare), underwent name change in 1982 and was renamed Mbare. Public consultations by the City Council resulted in the changing of the street names that brought about a changeover in Township’s ondonyms. Streets and public buildings were renamed after persons who had made outstanding contribution to the development of the Township. Among those honoured were two outstanding female Christian leaders, Mrs Elizabeth Maria Ayema (popularly known as Mai Musodzi) and Barbra Tredgold. Incidentally, these were the only two women after whom a street and a public amenity were named. In this article, we investigate the contribution that these two women made to Mbare Township to deserve the honour bequeathed on them by the residents of Mbare. In the article, we acknowledge that Mai Musodzi and Barbara Tredgold were honoured because they were among the illustrious leaders, who served the Township with distinction. By honouring their memory, residents of Mbare were, by implication, making a commitment to live by the values that the two stalwarts stood for. In our conclusion, we argue that the tribute accorded to the two reflects the consensus of the residents of Mbare that Christian values that the two had lived by were an important site of struggle for marginalised black people, who made the ghetto-like ‘Location’ a homely habitat.
Modelling the link between supply chain risk, flexibility and performance in the public sector
Authors: Mhelembe Khomotso , Mafini Chengedzai
Published: March 2019

Background: The South African public sector faces numerous internal and external risks that limit the performance of its entire supply chain. An understanding of these risks and their effects is an important milestone in overcoming them.Aim: This article tested the relationship between supply chain risks, flexibility and performance in the South African public sector.Method: A survey questionnaire was administered to 307 supply chain practitioners who were based in the public sector in Gauteng. A structural equation modelling procedure was utilised in testing the proposed relationships.Results: The results of the study showed that six supply chain risk factors, namely government policies, supply complexity, availability of skills, supplier performance monitoring, information security and process efficiency exert significant influences on supply chain flexibility. In turn, supply chain flexibility exerts a positive influence on the performance of the public supply chain.Conclusion: Managers in government may be able to improve the public supply chain management function through the suitable management of the supply chain risk factors considered in this study.
Relato de uma experiência com adolescentes internos que cumprem medidas socioeducativas através de um projeto de extensão
Authors: Santos Ananias Francisco
Published: March 2019

Este artigo objetivou relatar a experiência com adolescentes internos que cumprem medidas socioeducativas através de um projeto de extensão. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizado um acompanhamento do curso Microempreendedor Individual (MEI), que faz parte do Projeto de Extensão intitulado “A Contabilidade como instrumento de ressocialização dos adolescentes internos do Polo Masculino do Município de Cáceres-MT ao mercado de trabalho e ao convívio social”, ministrado no período de agosto a outubro de 2018. Percebeu-se durante e após a conclusão do curso, o entusiasmo dos adolescentes que concluíram o curso com aproveitamento, a possibilidade de abrir o próprio negócio após ganharem a liberdade, além de contribuir com a formação pessoal e profissional permitindo aos mesmos, sonhar com um futuro melhor. A experiência obtida pelos membros e colaboradores, após a conclusão do curso MEI, mostrou a importância de um Projeto de Extensão voltados para esse público, o que possibilitou reflexões pessoais, profissionais e espirituais, após conhecer a realidade em que vivem os adolescentes que cumprem medidas socioeducativas, a e a importância do curso no resgate da cidadania perdida e a melhoria da autoestima de cada participante.
Música, Memória e Cultura: os romances medievais ibéricos na voz das rendeiras de Alcaçuz
Authors: De Oliveira Medeiros Ana Judite , Lopes Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Numa perspectiva reflexiva para o contexto da cultura e extensão nas universidades, este artigo aborda a inserção dos romances medievais ibéricos encontrados na forma de canção de trabalho reproduzidos na voz e memória de rendeiras no povoado de Alcaçuz, litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Tomando como base o conceito de memória coletiva (HALBWACKS, 2008), os romances foram observados a partir do distanciamento da memória histórica local e ampliados na consciência social, quando ressignificados como tema da obra Missa de Alcaçuz. Para a pesquisa, os romances foram identificados, analisados e expostos em cartografia simbólica (SANTOS, 2001), ao qual encontramos afinidades melódicas com a obra Missa e a possibilidade de ampliação do presente, como aproveitamento de diferentes experiências musicais capazes de contribuir para a música contemporânea.
Gluten-free rice muffins enriched with teff flour
Authors: Minarovičová Lucia , Lauková Michela , Karovičová Jolana , Kohajdová Zlatica , Kepičová Veronika
Published: March 2019

In recent years, demand for gluten-free products has grown. More and more people suffer from allergies, so the market should expand to products for this group of people. It is also important to improve the gluten-free nutritional content diets by incorporating alternative gluten free grains that are naturally rich in nutrients. Teff is a valuable ingredient of gluten-free products because it increases their nutritional quality. Teff is rich in fibre, carbohydrates and has a complete set of essential amino acids, is also high in iron and has more copper, zinc and calcium than other cereal grains. The effect of teff flour addition (25, 50 and 75%) to rice muffins on qualitative and sensory parameters was evaluated. The antioxidant activity of raw materials and products was also determined. Utilization of teff flour up to 50% provided satisfactory results. Incorporation of higher addition levels of teff flour (75%) negatively affected qualitative and textural properties of muffins; the muffins were harder, crumbly and less springy. High antioxidant potential of teff was reflected in increasing antioxidant activity of baked products. Muffins enriched with teff flour had pleasant flavor, sweet and nutty taste. Sensory evaluation revealed that rice muffins incorporated with teff flour at level 25% were the most acceptable for assessors.
Repercusiones de la migración de madres-padres en el desarrollo psicosocial de adolescentes en Estelí, Nicaragua
Authors: Bellorin Andrade Deimis Valeska , Castillo Manzanares Karla Margarita , Vizcaya Gómez Geysel Abigail , Solís Zúniga Franklin
Published: March 2019

La presente investigación surge a partir del fenómeno social de la migración y de la influencia que este tiene en nuestro medio, principalmente en el desarrollo de los adolescentes hijos de padres migrantes que han crecido sin tener una figura materna o paterna que les brinde acompañamiento. Se centra en el tema Repercusiones de la migración en el desarrollo psicosocial de los adolescentes. Dicho estudio tiene como objetivo es determinar las repercusiones de la migración de los padres en el desarrollo psicosocial de los adolescentes, a partir de un análisis de la percepción que tienen las y los adolescentes sobre la migración; y así comprobar la idea que tienen y como esto afecta en su desarrollo. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, ya que hace una interpretación de los resultados sin medición numérica para descubrir o afinar preguntas de investiga ción en el proceso. Este trabajo es de carácter descriptivo, el muestreo del estudio es no probabilístico intencionado, está constituida por 15 estudiantes de ambos sexos perteneciente al Instituto Reino de Suecia. Entre los datos más relevante se encontró que las migraciones de las madres- padres tienen influencia en el desarrollo psicosocial de los adolescentes ya que estos necesitan una figura y modelo para guiar los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo que se dan en el crecimiento del niño. Y a partir de esa ausencia los adolescentes tienen sentimientos de inferioridad, tristeza y soledad y les hace falta una guía y acompañamiento para la realización de actividades individuales para el desarrollo personal del ser humano.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS SIMULATING THE FORMATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF EPIPLATFORM OROGENS
Authors: Myagkov D. S. , Rebetsky Yu. L.
Published: March 2019

The sources of the natural stress-strain state (SSS) of epiplatform orogens are investigated by tectonophysical methods based on seismological data. According to the available data, the horizontal axes of the main deviatoric extension are dominant in depressions, while in the ridges of the orogens, the axes of the main deviatorial compression are dominant.Our comparative analysis is focused on SSS of the orogenic crust. It is generally accepted that the sources of such SSS are geodynamic processes, including the pressure on the Eurasian Plate from the Indian Plate, and the small-scale thermogravitational asthenospheric convection. In the mathematical (analytical) simulation technique used in our study, the main criterion for the correctness of models in terms of tectonophysics is the correspondence between the orientation pattern of the principal stress tensor axes in the crust model to the natural data. According to Model I, the lithospheric SSS under lateral compression is less consistent with the sought-for SSS. Model II also gives the results that do not fully correspond to the stress data from tectonophysical reconstructions. However, additional analysis suggests that asthenospheric convection is a more promising (from the point of view of tectonophysics) geodynamic process for explaining epiplatform orogenesis. In our opinion, more complex and probably non-analytical mathematical models should consider this source of loading of the lithosphere as one of the most significant factors in the formation of the orogenic crust SSS in Central Asia.
THE GLOBAL ENDODRAINAGE SYSTEM: SOME FLUID-PHYSICAL MECHANISMS OF GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES
Authors: Vartanyan G. S.
Published: March 2019

The article presents the main results of more than forty-year studies of the hydrogeodeformation field. We have establish some new properties of lithospheric massifs, which are clearly detectable during the periods of fast geodynamic activation (FGeDA). These processes are contrastingly manifested within the planetary megastructure – the Global Endodrainage System (GEDS) of the Earth. The article discusses ideas about the conditions of formation, the specific features of functioning and the role of the asthenosphere as an essential element of the GEDS. It shows the dominant role of fluid processes that take place in the GEDS and provide the conditions for the ‘maturation’ of geodynamic catastrophes. The features of the formation of deformation disturbances and the dominant directions of the planetary migration of deformation impulses from the places of future catastrophic seismic events along the GEDS are considered. The regional hydrogeodeformation monitoring (HDGM) results give evidence of a close relationship between the lithospheric massifs in distant regions of the Earth: replica signals along the GDES length repeat an initial impulse originating from the area of a future seismic event. Attention is given to trigger effects that cause a seismic energy discharge at a large distance and, in some cases, can cause a cascade of earthquakes. It is proposed to create a HDGM system for monitoring of large seismic regions of the Earth.
A REVIEW OF EARLY PERMIAN (300–270 MA) MAGMATISM IN EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PLATE TECTONICS AND PLUME INTERPLAY
Authors: Khromykh S. V. , Kotler P. D. , Izokh A. E. , Kruk N. N.
Published: March 2019

The history of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) was marked by several major events of magmatism which produced large volumes of volcanic and intrusive (mafic-ultramafic and granitic) rocks within a relatively short time span (30–40 Ma) over a vast area. The magmatic activity postdated the orogenic stages of accretionary-collisional belts in Central Asia and likely resulted from the impact of mantle plumes that formed Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). The formation of the Tarim–South Mongolia LIP at 300–270 Ma is the best known among the major Permian events of basaltic and granitic magmatism. Early Permian igneous rocks (volcanic, subvolcanic and intrusive suites that vary from ultramafic to felsic compositions) of the same age range (300 to 270 Ma) have been recently found also in Eastern Kazakhstan, within the late Paleozoic Altai collisional system. The compositions and ages of the rocks suggest that the Eastern Kazakhstan magmatism was the northward expansion of the Tarim LIP. The spread of the Tarim LIP was apparently facilitated by lithospheric extension after the Siberia-Kazakhstan collision. The extension led to rheological weakening of the lithosphere whereby deep mantle melts could penetrate to shallower depths. The early Permian history of Eastern Kazakhstan was controlled by the interplay of plate tectonic and plume processes: plate-tectonic accretion and collision formed the structural framework, and the Tarim mantle plume was a heat source maintaining voluminous magma generation.
THE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE LOWER CRUST OF OCEANS AND BACK-ARC SEAS: EVIDENCE FROM THE MARKOV DEEP (MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE) AND THE VOIKAR OPHIOLITE ASSOCIATION (POLAR URALS)
Authors: Sharkov E. V.
Published: March 2019

The Markov Deep (the axial part of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 6°N, Sierra Leone oceanic core complex) and the Paleozoic Voikar ophiolite association (Polar Urals) formed in the back-arc sea conditions. In both cases, the lower crust of a close structure was formed on the basements composed ofdepleted peridotites of the ancient lithospheric mantle. The available data show that the composition of the lower crust of the oceans and back-arc seas is dominated by layeredmafic-ultramafic intrusions originating from the MORB melts, and suggest a similar asthenospheric source of magmas. Sills and dykes formed from other magma sources represent the second structural element of the lower oceanic crust: in case of the ocean, mainly ferrogabbroids originating from specific melts with the OIB involvement, and, in case of the back-sea sea, gabbro-norites of the supra-subduction calc-alkaline series. In both cases, the upper crust originates frombasaltic flows that occurred later and are associated with new episodes in the tectonic development. According to [Sharkov,2012], the development of slow-spreading ridges takes place in discrete impulses and non-simultaneously along their entire length. Furthermore, oceanic core complexes (OCC) in their axial parts are the ridge segments, where spreading is resumed. At the OCC stage, newly formed basalt melts move upwards from the magma generation zone into fractures (dykes) through the lithospheric mantle, and the thickness of the lower crust is built up by sills. As spreading develops in this area, the crust becomes thicker from below due to underplating in form of large layered intrusions. The newly formed restites, in their turn, cause an increase in the lithospheric mantle thickness from below. Apparently, the lower crust formed in the back-arc seas according to a similar scenario, although complicated by the processes taking place in the subduction zone.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF STRUCTURAL GEOMORPHOLOGY (TO THE 110TH BIRTHDAY ANNIVERSARY OF N.A. FLORENSOV)
Authors: Lopatin D. V. , Chichagov V. P. , Skovitina T. M. , Shchetnikov A. A.
Published: March 2019

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Florensov is a Russian scientist who is famous for his contribution to the theoretical foundations of structural geomorphology.He formulated the law of the circulation of material in the Earth's crust, which is manifested by a periodically arisinglithodynamicflow, in the development cycle of which two main phases are distinguished as ascending and descending geodynamics. In our opinion, there is also the third phase, stabilization.This process is reflected in the morphological types of mountains. Considering the conditions of intracontinental orogeny, N.A.Florensovdistinguished two main types: constructive and destructive.Developing this concept, he solved a number of theoretical and philosophical problems concerning the inextricable relationship between the relief and the structure of the geological substratum, its geodynamics and, as a consequence, proposed to consider their relationship as changes in geomorphological formations in time and space. The scientific creativity of NA. Florensov, as a whole, is comparable in importance with that of other most prominent geomorphologists of the late 19th and 20th centuries, including V.M. Davis, W. Penk, S.S. Shults, I.P. Gerasimov, and L. King.
Project-Based Statistics: Capitalizing on Students' Interests
Authors: Peters Susan A. , Gross Michelle , Stokes-Levine Amy
Published: March 2019

Redesigning a statistics unit allows seventh graders to produce an engaging and authentic investigation.
QIM19-142: Development of a Low Resource Tool for Improving Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Delivery Within an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Sandulache Vlad , Sabichi Anita , Chen George , Charnitsky Scott
Published: March 2019

Background: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the only nationally integrated healthcare delivery system in the United States. The vertical and horizontal integration of the VHA make it an ideal environment for development of tools designed to streamline cancer diagnosis and treatment. Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains a difficult disease to diagnose and treat. Delivery of multimodality treatment for advanced HNC is challenging at both academic centers and in the community setting. This problem is magnified by the increased incidence of HNC, powered by an epidemic increase in the incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Objective: To develop a non–resource-intensive approach to improving: (1) time to treatment initiation and (2) compliance with optimal treatment package time for HNC patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 300 patients with a diagnosis of HNC from the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (MEDVAMC) was used to generate baseline data (2000–2010) for: (1) time to treatment (surgery, 24 days; radiation, 48 days) and (2) treatment package time <100 days compliance (68%). We developed a tool available to providers and clinic staff to prospectively track patients from initial referral, through diagnosis and treatment, along with completion of ancillary studies (modified barium swallow) and completion of the survivorship care plan. Between June 2016 and October 2018, 350 patients were tracked using this tool; 275 patients were new HNC diagnoses. Results: Implementation of the tracking tool reduced diagnosis to treatment start (mean, 44 days; median, 26 days). Compliance with treatment package time <100 days was increased to 95%; compliance with initiation of adjuvant radiation within 6 weeks of surgery was increased to 75%. Utilization of the tool allowed for streamlined surgical care, particularly through integration of dental extractions into the oncologic resection, and facilitated timely initiation of adjuvant radiation for advanced HNC. Conclusions: It is possible to improve: (1) time to diagnosis, (2) time to treatment initiation, and (3) treatment completion rates for complex HNC requiring multimodality treatment without additional resource utilization. However, appropriate implementation requires a robust multidisciplinary treatment team, with appropriate “buy in” from all participants and is facilitated by the presence of a fully integrated health care delivery system.
CLO19-058: Live Music to Decrease Patient Anxiety During Chemotherapy Treatments
Authors: Weaver Crystal , Varvares Mark , Ottenlips Elaine , Christopher Kara , Dwiggins Andrew
Published: March 2019

Background: Music therapy began in the United States after World War II when community musicians went to veterans’ hospitals to provide live music to those experiencing post-war trauma. Music therapy programs continue to utilize community musicians who provide live music to patients in treatment centers to supplement formal music therapy sessions by credentialed professionals. Little evidence has been gathered regarding the potential ability of these live music performances to decrease the anxiety levels of oncology patients during chemotherapy treatments. Purpose: To determine if listening to live music performed by community musicians decreases oncology patient anxiety levels during chemotherapy treatments in an outpatient infusion center. Method: This quasi-experimental study involved an experimental group who listened to live music by community musicians and a control group who did not listen to live music during a single chemotherapy treatment for 30 minutes. Pre- and post-test measures of blood pressure, pulse, respiration per minute, and responses to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (ie, common measures of anxiety) were collected by a registered nurse on all participants. The sample included 60 participants (30 control and 30 experimental). Demographic information for the participants was: (1) 60% were male and 40% were female; (2) 73% were Caucasian and 27% were African American; (3) the mean age was 62 years; and (4) 100% had a cancer diagnosis. Results: Independent sample t-test was conducted to determine if there were differences in the amount of change for dependent variables. Significance was set at P<.05. Results revealed a significantly higher score difference in the experimental group when compared to the control group for pulse, respiration per minute, and systolic blood pressure (Table 1). Conclusion: Listening to live music by community musicians can decrease oncology patient anxiety levels during chemotherapy treatments as evidenced by significant decreases in pulse, respiration per minute, and systolic blood pressure. Additional studies may examine if greater decreases in anxiety levels are achieved by the implementation of formal music therapy sessions by credentialed professionals.
QIM19-129: Utilization of Electronic Medical Record to Improve Outcomes in the Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Gibson Anna M. , Sutherby Claire
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia is a medical emergency. Delays in time to appropriate broad spectrum antibiotic therapy significantly increase morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this project is to improve outcomes in febrile neutropenia patients within our institutions by hard wiring compliance to NCCN Guidelines and IDSA guidelines via our electronic medical record (EMR). Methods: During initial chemo teaching, patients were instructed to present for emergency care immediately on noticing a fever. Patients were given a pocket card stating that the patient had recently received chemotherapy, indicating the patient’s neutropenia risk, and listing directions to a newly created febrile neutropenia page on the health system’s website. ED staff was educated that chemotherapy patients presenting with fever should be triaged to a high acuity level, which resulted in the patient being roomed immediately and seen promptly. The EMR dashboard for ED staff was modified to include a section for febrile neutropenia, which included links to appropriate antibiotics and directions to hang immediately after blood cultures were drawn. The admission order set was also modified to include protective isolation and guideline-based antibiotic choices. 2 months following implementation, patients were pulled based on ICD10 codes for fever/infection and chemotherapy/cancer. 23 patients were identified who met the study criteria (10 patients pre-implementation, 13 patients post-implementation). Pediatric patients and patients admitted directly to the floor were excluded from analysis. Results: While numbers were small, there were 15 patients admitted during the study period. Eight patients met study criteria pre-initiative and seven post-initiative. Pre-initiative: 6 of 8 patients were roomed immediately; 6 of 8 patients received appropriate empiric antibiotics; 1 of 8 patients received first dose within 1 hour of presentation to ED. Post-initiative: 7 of 7 patients were roomed immediately; 6 of 7 patients received appropriate empiric antibiotics; 4 of 7 patients received first dose within 1 hour of presentation to ED. Conclusions: Despite small numbers and incomplete compliance with guidelines, we were able to identify a 2.8 day decrease in average length of stay (LOS) and a 1.3 day decrease in ICU LOS. Sample size was not large enough to determine statistical significance.
CLO19-061: Clinical Features and Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients With Esophagus Cancer
Authors: Zheng Weihui , Mao Weimin , Lou Jianlin
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study investigated the clinical and prognostic characteristics of head and neck cancer in patients with esophagus cancer. Methods: Information on 124 patients with head and neck cancer with esophagus cancer was collected from head and neck and thoracic surgery departments between January 2007 and December 2016 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. The incidence of synchronous and metachronous cancer was described. The clinical characteristics and prognosis were also compared in synchronous and metachronous cancer. The number of hospitalization and different treatments were analyzed the affection on the survival time. Results: 32 cases were synchronous cancer and 72 cases were metachronous cancer. The rate of surgery and the number of hospitalization were significantly different in synchronous and metachronous cancer (χ2=4.661; P<.05). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 39.9%, 19.9%, and15.2%, respectively in patients with synchronous cancer and the mean survival time was 18.4±6.2 months. In contrast, the survival rates were 78.7%, 77.8%, and 59.1% respectively in metachronous cancer and the mean survival time was 122.2±17.2 months. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=10.934; P=.001). The number of hospitalizations greater than or equal to 5 times were significantly different from those with less than 5 times (χ2=10.574; P=.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of OS by single operation, chemotherapy, and target treatment. The P value was only slightly less than .05 in the radiation therapy. Conclusions: Head and neck cancer in patients with esophagus cancer have a high survival rate through active combined-modality therapies, especially in metachronous carcinoma.
CLO19-060: Blood Exosomal Long RNA Profiling Identifies Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Shulin , Wang Peng , Chen Zhen
Published: March 2019

Background: Long RNAs have been recently identified in human blood exosomes, posing clinical implications. Whether exosomal long RNAs (exoLRs) could constitute key future biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, and prognosis in cancer remains unknown. The study aimed to explore the exoLR landscape of human blood exosomes and evaluate the feasibility of developing a diagnostic or prognostic signature for early detection and prognostic prediction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) based on exoLR profiling. Methods: A case-control study of 267 cases including 137 patients with PDAC and 39 with chronic pancreatitis (CP) plus 91 blood donors as healthy participants was conducted. The exoLR profile of pretreated blood samples was analyzed by exoLR-sequencing (exoLR-seq). Results: An average of 15,000 exoLRs were reliably detected for each sample through exoLR-seq, and 1,053 exoLRs were differentially expressed in PDAC. Based on these data, we constructed a diagnostic signature (d-signature) that showed high accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.977 (95% CI: 0.958–0.996), a sensitivity of 92.42% (95% CI: 83.2%–97.49%), and a specificity of 95% (95% CI: 87.69%–98.62%) in a training cohort (n=146), which was further confirmed in a validation cohort (n=93). Notably, the combination of d-signature and CA19-9 yielded an AUC of 0.963 (95% CI: 0.909–1.017), with a sensitivity of 98.13% (95% CI: 93.41%–99.77%) and specificity of 94.59% (95% CI: 81.81%–99.34%). Additionally, we constructed a prognostic prediction model (exoLR p-signature) that effectively predicted prognosis and survival in patients with PDAC (P=9.838e-08). Conclusions: This study clearly demonstrated the value of exoLR profiling in cancer marker discovery and the feasibility of developing a diagnostic or prognostic signature for early detection and prognostic prediction of PDAC.