bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Pattern of Forest Age in China Estimated by the Fusion of Multiscale Information
Authors: Xu Yixin , Zhou Tao , Zeng Jingyu , Luo Hui , Zhang Yajie , Liu Xia , Lin Qiaoyu , Zhang Jingzhou
Published: July 2024

Forest age is one of most important biological factors that determines the magnitude of vegetation carbon sequestration. A spatially explicit forest age dataset is crucial for forest carbon dynamics modeling at the regional scale. However, owing to the high spatial heterogeneity in forest age, accurate high-resolution forest age data are still lacking, which causes uncertainty in carbon sink potential prediction. In this study, we obtained a 1 km resolution forest map based on the fusion of multiscale age information, i.e., the ninth (2014–2018) forest inventory statistics of China, with high accuracy at the province scale, and a field-observed dataset covering 6779 sites, with high accuracy at the site scale. Specifically, we first constructed a random forest (RF) model based on field-observed data. Utilizing this model, we then generated a spatially explicit forest age map with a 1 km resolution (random forest age map, RF map) using remotely sensed data such as tree height, elevation, meteorology, and forest distribution. This was then used as the basis for downscaling the provincial-scale forest inventory statistics of the forest ages and retrieving constrained maps of forest age (forest inventory constrained age maps, FIC map), which exhibit high statistical accuracy at both the province scale and site scale. The main results included the following: (1) RF can be used to estimate the site-scale forest age accurately (R2 = 0.89) and has the potential to predict the spatial pattern of forest age. However, (2) owing to the impacts of sampling error (e.g., field-observed sites are usually located in areas exhibiting relatively favorable environmental conditions) and the spatial mismatch among different datasets, the regional-scale forest age predicted by the RF model could be overestimated by 71.6%. (3) The results of the downscaling of the inventory statistics indicate that the average age of forests in China is 35.1 years (standard deviation of 21.9 years), with high spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, forests are older in mountainous and hilly areas, such as northeast, southwest, and northwest China, than in southern China. The spatially explicit dataset of the forest age retrieved in this study encompasses synthesized multiscale forest age information and is valuable for the research community in assessing the carbon sink potential and modeling carbon dynamics.
Environmental Impacts of Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Eucalyptus Plantations in Brazil
Authors: Ferraz Camila Porfirio Albuquerque , Manoel Márcia Pereira da Silva , Chaves Jô Vinícius Barrozo , Aiello Luiz Henrique Freguglia , Silva Gislene Sales da , De Medeiros Gerson Araújo , Ribeiro Admilson Írio
Published: July 2024

The advancement of mechanization in forestry has increased productivity in the forestry sector, bringing positive and negative impacts that require a deeper understanding for sustainable forest management. This study aimed to apply a simplified instrument for assessing damage and environmental impacts in forest harvesting of commercial eucalyptus plantations, using a combination of methodologies. The methodology used combined interaction networks and impact assessment matrices, carrying out field surveys, transposing them to interaction networks and weighting them through assessment matrices, resulting in environmental indices (ES) for prioritizing actions. The study was conducted on a commercial eucalyptus plantation in the municipality of São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil. The mechanized harvesting of the area consists of the structure of a module with a mobile unit consisting of a harvester and forwarder. The results indicated that wood transport presented the highest ES, both positive and negative. The most significant negative impacts (ES) were the depletion of water resources and erosion, while the positive impacts included regional development and job creation. The most notable changes, positive and negative, were observed in the physical and anthropic environment, with a lesser impact on the biotic environment.
RTL-YOLOv8n: A Lightweight Model for Efficient and Accurate Underwater Target Detection
Authors: Feng Guanbo , Xiong Zhixin , Pang Hongshuai , Gao Yunlei , Zhang Zhiqiang , Yang Jiapeng , Ma Zhihong
Published: July 2024

Underwater object detection is essential for the advancement of automated aquaculture operations. Addressing the challenges of low detection accuracy and insufficient generalization capabilities for underwater targets, this paper focuses on the development of a novel detection method tailored to such environments. We introduce the RTL-YOLOv8n model, specifically designed to enhance the precision and efficiency of detecting objects underwater. This model incorporates advanced feature-extraction mechanisms—RetBlock and triplet attention—that significantly improve its ability to discern fine details amidst complex underwater scenes. Additionally, the model employs a lightweight coupled detection head (LCD-Head), which reduces its computational requirements by 31.6% compared to the conventional YOLOv8n, without sacrificing performance. Enhanced by the Focaler–MPDIoU loss function, RTL-YOLOv8n demonstrates superior capability in detecting challenging targets, showing a 1.5% increase in mAP@0.5 and a 5.2% improvement in precision over previous models. These results not only confirm the effectiveness of RTL-YOLOv8n in complex underwater environments but also highlight its potential applicability in other settings requiring efficient and precise object detection. This research provides valuable insights into the development of aquatic life detection and contributes to the field of smart aquatic monitoring systems.
Improvement in Storage Stability and Physicochemical Properties of Whole-Grain Highland Barley Pulp Prepared by a Novel Industry-Scale Microfluidizer System in Comparison with Colloid Milling
Authors: Zhu Hong , Xu Wenjie , Zhang Tianyu , Jin Tao , Fang Bing , Qiu Ju
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the advantages of an industry-scale microfluidizer system (ISMS) to prepare whole-grain highland barley pulp (WHBP) compared with colloid milling. Storage stability was evaluated by particle size, gravity separation stability, and rheological properties, as well as the microstructure observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLMS). The results showed that colloid milling failed to effectively homogenize the material, while ISMS sample surfaces were compact and smooth at higher pressures according to visual observation and SEM. The Turbiscan stability index of WHBP by ISMS was much lower as a result of colloid milling, demonstrating ISMS can improve WHBP stability. WHBP by colloid milling displayed a three-peak particle size distribution pattern, while a single-peak pattern was evident after ISMS treatment. A higher shear rate decreased the apparent viscosity, suggesting that WHBP was a shear-thinning fluid. According to CLMS, ISMS can successfully improve homogenization by disrupting the structures of oil bodies, proteins, and starches. The WHBP prepared by ISMS exhibited a higher β-glucan level than that prepared by colloid milling, and showed a significant increase in β-glucan level with ISMS pressure. These findings indicate that using ISMS to produce WHBP is viable for enhancing its storage stability and nutritional value.
Ultrasonication: An Efficient Alternative for the Physical Modification of Starches, Flours and Grains
Authors: Vela Antonio J. , Villanueva Marina , Ronda Felicidad
Published: July 2024

Ultrasonic (USC) treatments have been applied to starches, flours and grains to modify their physicochemical properties and improve their industrial applicability. The extent of the modification caused by USC treatment depends on the treatment conditions and the natural characteristics of the treated matter. Cavitation leads to structural damage and fragmentation and partial depolymerization of starch components. The amorphous regions are more susceptible to being disrupted by ultrasonication, while the crystalline regions require extended USC exposure to be affected. The increased surface area in USC-treated samples has a higher interaction with water, resulting in modification of the swelling power, solubility, apparent viscosity, pasting properties and gel rheological and textural properties. Starch digestibility has been reported to be modified by ultrasonication to different extents depending on the power applied. The most important treatment variables leading to more pronounced modifications in USC treatments are the botanical origin of the treated matter, USC power, time, concentration and temperature. The interaction between these factors also has a significant impact on the damage caused by the treatment. The molecular rearrangement and destruction of starch structures occur simultaneously during the USC treatment and the final properties of the modified matrix will depend on the array of treatment parameters. This review summarizes the known effects of ultrasonic treatments in modifying starches, flours and grains.
Comprehensive Study of Total Nitrogen Content and Microfluidic Profiles in Additive-Enriched Plant-Based Drinks
Authors: Balogh-Hartmann Fruzsina , Páger Csilla , Bufa Anita , Sipos Zoltán , Dávidovics Anna , Verzár Zsófia , Marosvölgyi Tamás , Makszin Lilla
Published: July 2024

The growing consumption of plant-based milk substitutes raises important questions about their composition. The various additives used by manufacturers, including those employed as flavor enhancers, protein additives, and stabilizers, may contain both protein and non-protein nitrogen components. In our study, we examined not only popular milk alternatives but also other milk substitutes made from specific plants. We present a reproducible and rapid method for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of the total nitrogen content in milk alternatives, focusing on applicability. Using the microchip gel electrophoretic method, we determined that the total nitrogen content differed from the protein content indicated on the packaging. Our results, along with statistical evaluations, supported the hypothesis that different brands of products, derived from the same plant source, resulted in different microfluidic profiles, likely due to the presence of additives. As expected, the microfluidic profiles of additive-free products differed from those of fortified products made from the same plant-based milk replacer. Total nitrogen content provides crucial information for individuals with kidney disease, as is essential to reduce the burden on the kidneys to slow deterioration, alleviate symptoms and avoid complications.
Semi-Regular Continued Fractions with Fast-Growing Partial Quotients
Authors: Kadyrov Shirali , Kazin Aiken , Mashurov Farukh
Published: July 2024

In number theory, continued fractions are essential tools because they provide distinct representations of real numbers and provide information about their characteristics. Regular continued fractions have been examined in great detail, but less research has been carried out on their semi-regular counterparts, which are produced from the sequences of alternating plus and minus ones. In this study, we investigate the structure and features of semi-regular continuous fractions through the lens of dimension theory. We prove a primary result about the Hausdorff dimension of number sets whose partial quotients increase more quickly than a given pace. Furthermore, we conduct numerical analyses to illustrate the differences between regular and semi-regular continued fractions, shedding light on potential future directions in this field.
Evolution of Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics in Red Sandstone under Cyclic Impact Loading
Authors: Qiao Huanhuan , Wang Peng , Jiang Zhen , Liu Yao , Tian Guanglin , Zhao Bokun
Published: July 2024

Fatigue damage can occur in surface rock engineering due to various factors, including earthquakes, blasting, and impacts. The underlying cause for the variations in physical and mechanical properties of the rock resulting from impact loading is the alteration in the internal pore structure. To investigate the evolution characteristics of the pore structure under impact fatigue damage, red sandstone subjected to cyclic impact compression by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The parameters describing the evolution of pore structure were obtained and quantified using fractal methods. The development of the pore structure in rocks subjected to cyclic impact was quantitatively analyzed, and two fractal evolution models based on pore size and pore connectivity were constructed. The results indicate that with an increasing number of impact loading cycles, the porosity of the red sandstone gradually increases, the T2 cutoff (T2c) value decreases, the most probable gray value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) increases, the pores’ connectivity is enhanced, and the fractal dimension decreases gradually. Moreover, the pore distribution space tends to transition from three-dimensional to two-dimensional, suggesting the expansion of dominant pores into clusters, forming microfractures or even macroscopic fissures. The findings provide valuable insights into the impact fatigue characteristics of rocks from a microscopic perspective and contribute to the evaluation of time-varying stability and the assessment of progressive damage in rock engineering.
Optimized Adipogenic Differentiation and Delivery of Bovine Umbilical Cord Stem Cells for Cultivated Meat
Authors: Ozhava Derya , Lee Kathleen , Bektas Cemile , Jackson Anisha , Patel Krishi , Mao Yong
Published: July 2024

Cultivated meat, also known as cell-based or clean meat, utilizes mesenchymal stem cells to cultivate mature cell types like adipocytes, which are pivotal for imparting the desired taste and texture. The delivery of differentiated cells, crucial in cultivated meat production, is facilitated through extensive exploration of 3D culturing techniques mimicking physiological environments. In this study, we investigated the adipogenic differentiation potential of bovine umbilical cord stem cells (BUSCs), sourced from discarded birth tissue, and assessed the feasibility of delivering differentiated cells for cultivated meat using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) as a carrier for adipose tissue. Various adipogenic inducers, previously reported to be effective for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), were evaluated individually or in combination for their efficacy in promoting the adipogenesis of BUSCs. Surprisingly, while the traditional adipogenic inducers, including insulin, dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxantine (IBMX), indomethacin, and rosiglitazone, showed no significant effect on the adipogenic differentiation of BUSCs, efficient differentiation was achieved in the presence of a fatty acid cocktail. Furthermore, we explored methods for the delivery of BUSCs. Differentiated cells were delivered either encapsulated in GelMA hydrogel or populated on the surface of GelMA microparticles (MPs) as the adipose component of cultivated meat. Our findings reveal that after adipogenic induction, the lipid production per cell was comparable when cultured either within hydrogel or on MPs. However, GelMA-MPs supported better cell growth compared to hydrogel encapsulation. Consequently, the overall lipid production is higher when BUSCs are delivered via GelMA-MPs rather than encapsulation. This study not only systematically evaluated the impact of common adipogenic inducers on BUSCs, but also identified GelMA-MPs as a promising carrier for delivering bovine adipocytes for cultivated meat production.
Supramolecular Polymer Co-Assembled Multifunctional Chiral Hybrid Hydrogels with Adhesive, Self-Healing and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Riaz Zakia , Baddi Sravan , Gao Fengli , Qiu Xiaxin , Feng Chuanliang
Published: July 2024

Amino acid-derived self-assembled nanofibers comprising supramolecular chiral hydrogels with unique physiochemical characteristics are highly demanded biomaterials for various biological applications. However, their narrow functionality often limits practical use, necessitating the development of biomaterials with multiple features within a single system. Herein, chiral co-assembled hybrid hydrogel systems termed LPH-EGCG and DPH-EGCG were constructed by co-assembling L/DPFEG gelators with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) followed by cross-linking with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The developed hybrid hydrogels exhibit superior mechanical strength, self-healing capabilities, and adhesive properties, owing to synergistic non-covalent interactions. Integrating hydrophilic polymers enhances the system’s capacity to demonstrate favorable swelling characteristics. Furthermore, the introduction of EGCG facilitated the hybrid gels to display notable antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, alongside showcasing strong antioxidant capabilities. In vitro investigation demonstrated enhanced cell adhesion and migration with the LPH-EGCG system in comparison to DPH-EGCG, thus emphasizing the promising prospects of these hybrid hydrogels in advanced tissue engineering applications.
Uncovering Names and Connections: The “Polish Jew” Periodical as a Second-Tier Record for Holocaust Remembrance and Network Analysis in Jewish Genealogy
Authors: Kluveld Amanda
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the Polish Jew journal as a pivotal second-tier record for advancing Holocaust studies and Jewish genealogy. Traditionally underutilized in academic research, this periodical provides a unique repository of names and narratives of Holocaust victims, filling crucial gaps in primary record collections. The investigation centers on the journal’s potential not only to contribute names to existing databases of Holocaust victims—many of whom are still unrecorded—but also to enhance genealogical methods through the integration of network analysis. By examining Polish Jew, this study illustrates how second-tier records can extend beyond mere supplements to primary data, acting instead as vital tools for reconstructing complex social and familial networks disrupted by the Holocaust. The paper proposes a methodological framework combining traditional genealogical research with modern network analysis techniques to deepen our understanding of Jewish community dynamics during and after World War II. This approach not only aids in identifying individual victims and survivors but also in visualizing the broader interactions within Jewish diaspora communities. This research underscores the significance of Polish Jew in the broader context of Holocaust remembrance. It offers a novel pathway for the future of Jewish genealogical research, advocating for the strategic use of second-tier records in scholarly investigations.
The MET Family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Promotes a Shift to Pro-Tumor Metabolism
Authors: Davis James C. , Waltz Susan E.
Published: July 2024

The development and growth of cancer is fundamentally dependent on pro-tumor changes in metabolism. Cancer cells generally shift away from oxidative phosphorylation as the primary source of energy and rely more heavily on glycolysis. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a type of receptor that is implicated in this shift to pro-tumor metabolism. RTKs are important drivers of cancer growth and metastasis. One such family of RTKs is the MET family, which consists of MET and RON (MST1R). The overexpression of either MET or RON has been associated with worse cancer patient prognosis in a variety of tumor types. Both MET and RON signaling promote increased glycolysis by upregulating the expression of key glycolytic enzymes via increased MYC transcription factor activity. Additionally, both MET and RON signaling promote increased cholesterol biosynthesis downstream of glycolysis by upregulating the expression of SREBP2-induced cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes via CTTNB1. These changes in metabolism, driven by RTK activity, provide potential targets in limiting tumor growth and metastasis via pharmacological inhibition or modifications in diet. This review summarizes pro-tumor changes in metabolism driven by the MET family of RTKs. In doing so, we will offer our unique perspective on metabolic pathways that drive worse patient prognosis and provide suggestions for future study.
The Role of IRF9 Upregulation in Modulating Sensitivity to Olaparib and Platinum-Based Chemotherapies in Breast Cancer
Authors: Choi SeokGyeong , Bae Han-Gyu , Jo Dong-Gyu , Kim Woo-Young
Published: July 2024

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are targeted therapies that accumulate DNA damage by interfering with DNA repair mechanisms and are approved for treating several cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations. In this study, we utilized CRISPR-dCas9 interference screening to identify genes regulating sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in breast cancer cell lines. Our findings indicated that the interferon (IFN) signaling gene IRF9 was critically involved in modulating sensitivity to these inhibitors. We revealed that the loss of IRF9 leads to increased resistance to the PARP inhibitor in MDA-MB-468 cells, and a similar desensitization was observed in another breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Further analysis indicated that while the basal expression of IRF9 did not correlate with the response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, its transcriptional induction was significantly associated with increased sensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin in the NCI-60 cell line panel. This finding suggests a mechanistic link between IRF9 induction and cellular responses to DNA damage. Additionally, data from the METABRIC patient tissue study revealed a complex network of IFN-responsive gene expressions postchemotherapy, with seven upregulated genes, including IRF9, and three downregulated genes. These findings underscore the intricate role of IFN signaling in the cellular response to chemotherapy. Collectively, our CRISPR screening data and subsequent bioinformatic analyses suggest that IRF9 is a novel biomarker for sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, such as olaparib and platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings for IRF9 not only enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of drug sensitivity, but also elucidate the role of IRF9 as a critical effector within IFN signaling pathways, potentially influencing the association between the host immune system and chemotherapeutic efficacy.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Function of Insulin-Related Peptide 1 (IRP1) in the Haliotis discus hanna
Authors: Huang Jianfang , Zhou Mingcan , Chen Jianming , Ke Caihuan
Published: July 2024

Abalone is a popular mollusk in the marine aquaculture industry of China. However, existing challenges, like slow growth, individual miniaturization, and the absence of abundant abalone, have emerged as significant obstacles impeding its long-term progress in aquaculture. Studies have demonstrated that insulin-related peptide (IRP) is a crucial factor in the growth of marine organisms. However, limited studies have been conducted on IRP in abalone. This study indicated that the hdh-MIRP1 open reading frame (ORF) was composed of 456 base pairs, which encoded 151 amino acids. Based on the gene expression and immunofluorescence analyses, the cerebral ganglion of Haliotis discus hannai (H. discus hannai) was the primary site of hdh-MIRP1 mRNA expression. Moreover, hdh-MIRP1 expression was observed to be higher in the larger group than in the smaller group abalones. Only single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was related to their growth characteristics. However, approximately 82 proteins that may interact with hdh-MIRP1 were identified. The functional enrichment analysis of the 82 genes indicated that hdh-MIRP1 may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and the process of growth. This study established a benchwork for further investigating the role of IRP in the growth of abalone.
Uncovering Porphyrin Accumulation in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Adapa Swamy R. , Sami Abdus , Meshram Pravin , Ferreira Gloria C. , Jiang Rays H. Y.
Published: July 2024

Heme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole, is essential in almost all organisms. Heme biosynthesis needs to be precisely regulated particularly given the potential cytotoxicity of protoporphyrin IX, the intermediate preceding heme formation. Here, we report on the porphyrin intermediate accumulation within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which we propose to result from dysregulation of heme biosynthesis concomitant with an enhanced cancer survival dependence on mid-step genes, a process we recently termed “Porphyrin Overdrive”. Specifically, porphyrins build up in both lung cancer cells and stromal cells in the TME. Within the TME’s stromal cells, evidence supports cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) actively producing porphyrins through an imbalanced pathway. Conversely, normal tissues exhibit no porphyrin accumulation, and CAFs deprived of tumor cease porphyrin overproduction, indicating that both cancer and tumor-stromal porphyrin overproduction is confined to the cancer-specific tissue niche. The clinical relevance of our findings is implied by establishing a correlation between imbalanced porphyrin production and overall poorer survival in more aggressive cancers. These findings illuminate the anomalous porphyrin dynamics specifically within the tumor microenvironment, suggesting a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Identification of Two Potential Gene Insertion Sites for Gene Editing on the Chicken Z/W Chromosomes
Authors: Wu Gaoyuan , Liang Youchen , Chen Chen , Chen Guohong , Zuo Qisheng , Niu Yingjie , Song Jiuzhou , Han Wei , Jin Kai , Li Bichun
Published: July 2024

The identification of accurate gene insertion sites on chicken sex chromosomes is crucial for advancing sex control breeding materials. In this study, the intergenic region NC_006127.4 on the chicken Z chromosome and the non-repetitive sequence EE0.6 on the W chromosome were selected as potential gene insertion sites. Gene knockout vectors targeting these sites were constructed and transfected into DF-1 cells. T7E1 enzyme cleavage and luciferase reporter enzyme analyses revealed knockout efficiencies of 80.00% (16/20), 75.00% (15/20), and 75.00% (15/20) for the three sgRNAs targeting the EE0.6 site. For the three sgRNAs targeting the NC_006127.4 site, knockout efficiencies were 70.00% (14/20), 60.00% (12/20), and 45.00% (9/20). Gel electrophoresis and high-throughput sequencing were performed to detect potential off-target effects, showing no significant off-target effects for the knockout vectors at the two sites. EdU and CCK-8 proliferation assays revealed no significant difference in cell proliferation activity between the knockout and control groups. These results demonstrate that the EE0.6 and NC_006127.4 sites can serve as gene insertion sites on chicken sex chromosomes for gene editing without affecting normal cell proliferation.
Emerging Technologies and Open-Source Platforms for Remote Physical Exercise: Innovations and Opportunities for Healthy Population—A Narrative Review
Authors: Fucarino Alberto , Fabbrizio Antonio , Garrido Nuno D. , Iuliano Enzo , Reis Victor Machado , Sausa Martina , Vilaça-Alves José , Zimatore Giovanna , Baldari Carlo , Macaluso Filippo , Giorgio Andrea De , Cantoia Manuela
Published: July 2024

The emergence of tele-exercise as a response to the impact of technology on physical activity has opened up new possibilities for promoting physical health. By integrating innovative technologies and open-source platforms, tele-exercise encourages people to stay active. In our latest analysis, we delved into the scientific literature surrounding the use of tele-exercise technologies in training healthy individuals. After conducting an extensive search on the PubMed database using the keywords “tele-exercise” and “physical activity” (from 2020 to 2023), we identified 44 clinical trials that were applicable to tele-exercise, but less than 10% of them were aimed at healthy individuals, precisely 9.09% (four out of forty-four studies analyzed). Our review highlights the potential of tele-exercise to help maintain physical fitness and psychological well-being, especially when traditional fitness facilities are not an option. We also underscore the importance of interoperability, standardization, and the incorporation of biomechanics, exercise physiology, and neuroscience into the development of tele-exercise platforms. Nevertheless, despite these promising benefits, research has shown that there is still a significant gap in the knowledge concerning the definition and evaluation of training parameters for healthy individuals. As a result, we call for further research to establish evidence-based practices for tele-exercise in the healthy population.
A Comparative Analysis of Mammography Uptake between Migrant and Non-Migrant Women in Austria—Results of the Austrian Health Interview Survey
Authors: Wahidie Diana , Yilmaz-Aslan Yüce , Brzoska Patrick
Published: July 2024

Mammography can reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality. Studies on the utilization of mammography among migrant and non-migrant women are inconsistent. Many of these studies do not take the heterogeneity of migrants in terms of ethnicity and country of origin into account. The aim of the present study was to examine disparities in the use of mammography between non-migrant women and the five largest migrant groups in Austria. The study used data from a nationwide population-based survey of 5118 women aged 45 years and older and analyzed the participation in mammography as a dependent variable. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare mammography uptake between the aforementioned groups of women, while adjusting for socioeconomic and health variables. The study shows that all migrant groups involved tended to use mammography less frequently than non-migrant women; statistically significant differences, however, were only observed for Hungarian migrant women (adjusted OR = 0.36; 95%-CI: 0.13, 0.95; p = 0.038) and women from a Yugoslavian successor state (adjusted OR = 0.55; 95%-CI: 0.31, 0.99; p = 0.044). These findings are consistent with other studies in Europe and beyond, highlighting the heterogeneity of migrant populations and emphasizing the need for a diversity-sensitive approach to health care.
Exploring the Interplay between Sleep Quality, Stress, and Somatization among Teachers in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Mancone Stefania , Corrado Stefano , Tosti Beatrice , Spica Giuseppe , Di Siena Francesco , Diotaiuti Pierluigi
Published: July 2024

(1) Background. The post-COVID-19 era has imposed unique challenges on educators, significantly impacting their psychological and physical well-being. This study examines the interrelationships among psychological stress, sleep quality, and somatization in a sample of teachers, elucidating the impact of these factors during the ongoing recovery from the pandemic. (2) Methods. Using validated instruments such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Mesure du Stress Psychologique (MSP), this research investigates how stress and sleep disturbances correlate with somatization among teachers. The study also considers the influence of demographic factors such as age, gender, and years of experience. (3) Results. The results indicated that sleep quality significantly correlates with both psychological stress and somatic pain, emphasizing the crucial role of sleep in managing stress-induced physical symptoms. Additionally, the fear of COVID-19 significantly exacerbates these effects, illustrating the complex interplay of psychological and physical health factors during the pandemic. Contrary to initial hypotheses, demographic factors such as gender, age, and years of experience did not significantly influence these primary relationships. (4) Conclusions. The findings emphasize the necessity of addressing both psychological stress and sleep quality to mitigate their combined effects on somatization. Educational institutions and policymakers are urged to develop targeted interventions that address these issues to support teachers’ health and well-being in a post-pandemic landscape.
Phytosanitary Cold Treatment of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Postharvest ‘Red Globe’ Grapes
Authors: Ma Tian-Bi , Liu Bo , Fang Yan , Gao Wen-Na , Zhao Qing-Ying , Li Zhi-Hong , Zhan Guo-Ping
Published: July 2024

The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is currently distributed in the main soft-skinned fruits production areas in China and 59 other countries, presenting a significant threat to importing nations. Optimal phytosanitary treatments, including fumigation, irradiation, and cold treatment, have been developed to prevent the international movement of this invasive fly. To determine the most cold-tolerant stage and facilitate the development of the technical schedules requested by the Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatment (TPPT), cold treatments of D. suzukii immature stages in ‘Red Globe’ grapes were conducted. Dose–mortality data at 0 °C and 2 °C from repeated trials were subjected to analysis of covariance, linear regression, and probit analysis. Results identified 3 d old pupae as the most cold-tolerant stage, followed by 1 d old pupae, 4 d old larvae, and 6 h old eggs with similar tolerance. The 2 d old larvae were the most sensitive stage. In subsequent confirmatory tests, 3 d old pupae were subjected to cold treatment at 0 °C for 9 and 10 days, and at 2 °C for 10 and 12 days, based on the probit estimation of the probit-9 value. No adult emergence occurred in the confirmatory tests except for one deformed adult from a 2 °C 10 d treatment. Therefore, the recommended treatment schedule requires fruit temperatures below 0.00 °C (or 1.62 °C) for no less than 10 (or 12) continuous days, with treatment efficacy not less than 99.9960% (or 99.9955%) at a 95% confidence level, respectively. These schedules are intended for submission to TPPT for the development of phytosanitary treatment standards.
Postharvest Cold-Storage Behaviour of ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Fruit Remains Unaffected by Preharvest Shade Netting
Authors: Niemann Johané , Hoffman Eleanor W. , Zacarías Lorenzo , Kidd Martin , Cronjé Paul J. R.
Published: July 2024

During postharvest cold storage, fruit sustains physical and biochemical changes, which may result in physiological rind disorders that consequently affect the fruit’s marketability. Preharvest conditions are known to affect postharvest fruit quality, with the effect of preharvest shade netting being currently unknown. To this end, ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit, grown under shade netting and without it, was harvested during two consecutive seasons from an orchard in Citrusdal, Western Cape, South Africa. The fruit was evaluated prior to, as well as after a 7-day shelf-life period following cold storage at either −0.6 or 4 °C for 14, 27 and 34 days, respectively, for changes in rind and pulp colour, rind carotenoids, soluble solid content (SSC), citric acid content and SSC/citric acid ratio. Weight loss and the incidence of rind physiological disorders (staining) were also recorded. The results showed that shade net did not affect the storage behaviour of the fruit, as no treatment differences were seen. However, a storage duration effect for both treatments was evident in some internal and external quality parameters, viz., weight loss percentage and carotenoid content increased over the storage duration. Inconsistency regarding the storage duration effect on the rind colour, SSC and acid content were evident between seasons, at both temperatures. Staining only occurred in the first season after 34 days at both temperatures. The results indicated that shade netting had no negative effect on the cold-storage behaviour of ‘Nadorcott’ fruit. However, contrasting findings from this study emphasized that the condition of the fruit at harvest plays a significant role in the postharvest behaviour of the fruit during cold storage, and different growing conditions may also be a contributable factor.
Integrative Care for Challenging Behaviors in People with Intellectual Disabilities to Reduce Challenging Behaviors and Inappropriate Psychotropic Drug Prescribing Compared with Care as Usual: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: de Kuijper Gerda , Jonker Josien , Kouwer Karlijn , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Bildt Annelies
Published: July 2024

People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) often present with challenging behaviors (CBs) mostly due to inappropriate environments and mental and physical disorders. Integrative care is recommended to address CBs. However, in clinical practice, psychotropic drugs are often prescribed off-label for CBs, although the effectiveness is unclear, and side effects frequently occur. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled study to investigate the effect of integrative care provided by a collaboration of an ID specialized mental healthcare team and participants’ own ID service providers’ care team on reducing CBs and inappropriate off-label psychotropic drug prescriptions compared with care as usual. Participants (N = 33, aged 19–81 years) had a moderate, severe, or profound intellectual disability and used off-label psychotropic drugs. The primary outcome measures were the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the total dose of psychotropic drug prescriptions. At the study endpoint of 40 weeks, we found no effect of the intervention on the total ABC score and on the total dose of psychotropic drug prescriptions. In the intervention group, however, the psychotropic drug dose decreased significantly, while CBs did not change. The small sample size and not-completed interventions due to organizational problems may have affected our findings. This study illustrates the difficulties in the implementation of integrative care.
Enhancing Self-Esteem, Well-Being, and Relaxation in the Elderly through Nature-Based Interventions
Authors: Heród Anna , Szewczyk-Taranek Bożena , Pawłowska Bożena
Published: July 2024

As the populations of many countries are aging, institutions providing support for the elderly increasingly often use nature-based interventions (NBIs) as part of their therapeutic activities. This study aimed to show the impact of 8-week active and passive NBI programs on self-esteem, well-being, and relaxation in the elderly. The NBI programs were conducted in two groups of elderly citizens of Poland: independent senior students and seniors requiring 24 h care. The Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and the World Health Organization Well-Being Index were used to assess self-esteem and well-being before and after the programs. To assess relaxation, pre–post session measurements of pulse rate (PR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were used. Our study showed an improvement in the self-esteem, well-being, and relaxation of the participants of both active and passive NBI programs. In all study groups, self-esteem and well-being improved after the programs, regardless of the type of intervention, and after each NBI session, the elderly showed a decrease in PR and an increase in SpO2, which indicated a deeper state of relaxation. Our research showed a greater improvement in the tested parameters in the seniors participating in the passive programs in a garden. This confirms a key role of green spaces in residential areas for the elderly and in nursing homes.
An Ethnographic Study Concerning the Implementation of Education on Ageing for Older Adults with Mild Intellectual Disability: The Perspective of the Educators
Authors: Holmgren Marianne , Ahlström Gerd
Published: July 2024

Despite the fact that longevity in people with intellectual disability has increased at least as much as in the general population, there is a dearth of interventions related to ageing for these older people. Therefore, this study investigated educators’ implementation strategies in a new tailor-designed educational intervention with the goal of supporting the process of ageing for people with mild intellectual disability. An ethnographic research design was employed, including participant observations, field notes, and 15 ad hoc interviews with educators, spread over two years in four towns. The strategies used for facilitating learning about ageing were expressed in the two themes promoting social togetherness through everyone’s participation and learning together and from each other through recognition and consolidation. These strategies were applied to create a learning environment characterised by a good atmosphere and respectful interaction. Learning together involved consolidation through repetition, group discussions, the use of visual learning materials, and study visits. This new educational intervention about ageing is promising, but less resource-intensive interventions should also be developed and preferably integrated into the disability service. Before concluding whether this education supports the ageing process, it needs to be evaluated from the perspective of people with intellectual disability.
Climate Change and Health Risk Perceptions of Arkansas Small Farmers through the Application of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Hale Rachel B. , Bryant-Moore Keneshia , Eichenberger Anna
Published: July 2024

Climate change poses health risks to Arkansas small farmers. Farmers face an increased risk of heat-related illnesses (e.g., heat exhaustion, cerebral vascular accidents, and cardiovascular issues) and work-related injuries, death, and mental health conditions due to climate change. This cross-sectional survey employed the health belief model (HBM) as its theoretical framework. This study aimed to assess the health status of small farmers, climate change beliefs, adaptive agricultural practices, and the perceived effects of climate change on health. Study data were collected using non-probability sampling methods from small farmers (n = 72) with a gross farm income of < USD 250,000. The study findings show that 93% of participants reported good–excellent health, 69% believe the climate is changing and getting warmer, 58.3% believe people are responsible for the changes in our climate, and 75% believe the changing climate impacts farmers. Among the HBM predictive variables, participants reported self-efficacy (50%), perceived susceptibility (48.6%), and perceived severity (43%). Only 16.7% of farmers reported believing they have all the information needed to prepare for climate-related health impacts. This study suggests small farmers have protective factors and adaptive capacity, including health status, income, and education levels, but believe they lack the information necessary to protect their health from climate change.
Successful Elimination of Endemic Rubella in the WHO European Region. Is It Proper to Remove the Recommendation for Preconceptional Immunization?
Authors: Cavaliere Anna Franca , Parasiliti Marco , Franco Rita , Gallitelli Vitalba , Perelli Federica , Spanò Amelia , Pallone Barbara , Serafini Maria Grazia , Signore Fabrizio , Eleftheriou Georgios , Scambia Giovanni , Lanzone Antonio , Vidiri Annalisa
Published: July 2024

Background: Rubella is a contagious viral infection that has garnered significant attention in the field of public health due to its potential consequences, especially during pregnancy. In recent decades, it has been recommended that non-immune women receive immunization during the preconceptional and/or postpartum periods. The goal of this strategy is to prevent primary rubella infection in order to protect pregnant women against congenital rubella syndrome. In November 2022, the WHO’s Regional Verification Commission declared the elimination of rubella infection in Italy. In recent years, the main migration flows to Italy have originated from regions where rubella has not yet been eliminated and where no program is in place to achieve this goal. Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess rubella immunity in pregnant women who have attended three delivery centers in Rome over the past three years, from January 2021 to May 2023. Methods: Data about the rubella serological status of 7937 non-consecutive pregnant women were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to verify any difference between the study groups in terms of age distribution. Results: Anti-rubella IgG antibodies were found in 7224 (91%) women while 713 (9%) were susceptible to rubella (IgG negative), without differences in terms of immunity rate between Italian and non-Italian women. Age analysis showed a statistically significant older age of immune women than receptive women and of Italian immune women than non-Italian immune women. Conclusions: The National Plan for the Elimination of Measles and Congenital Rubella aimed to achieve a percentage of susceptible women of childbearing age below 5%. These data indicate the relevance of maintaining the recommendation for preconceptional rubella vaccination in Italy.
Characteristics of Sexual Health Programs for Migrants, Refugees, and Asylum Seekers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Inthavong Angelina Bolyta , Pourmarzi Davoud
Published: July 2024

Background: Social, cultural, and structural determinants of health for migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers can contribute towards poorer sexual health outcomes. People from migrant, refugee, and asylum seeker backgrounds usually use less mainstream sexual healthcare services and have lower levels of sexual health literacy compared with the destination countries’ general population. However, there is little collated knowledge about sexual health programs that have been implemented to improve sexual health among these groups. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of programs for improving sexual health among migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Methods: This study was a scoping review in which Scopus and PubMed were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English since 2010 from countries similar to and including Australia such as New Zealand, the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom, and European Union countries). The final search of databases was performed on 26 June 2023, and resultant studies were inputted into Endnote and Covidence systematic review software to remove duplicates before screening. The study utilised a qualitative approach using inductive thematic analysis of the content of the studies to extract and categorise the characteristics of the program. Results: A total of 3044 articles were screened and 20 were included for data extraction. The included studies were conducted in six countries (the United States of America, Australia, France, Italy, Denmark, and Belgium). The key characteristics of sexual health programs identified included consumer consultation and engagement, cultural appropriateness, language support, peer education, self-directed learning, group learning, financial support, and outreach services. the programs had a combination of these characteristics to ensure that they can improve target population engagement with educational materials and decrease barriers to accessing sexual healthcare. Conclusion: Consideration of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers’ culture, language, socioeconomic characteristics, and access to information and services in the design of the sexual health programs may improve sexual health outcomes among these groups. However, further research is needed to assess the importance and implementation feasibility of the identified characteristics for sexual health programs in specific context.