bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining Sport Activities
Authors: Fister Jr. Iztok , Fister Iztok
Published: June 2017

For many people, sport is one of the stress relieving activity. People being involved with sport wish to achieve: attractive shape, healthy lifestyle, lose weights, and so on. However, there are also people who deal with sport because of competition goals. In order to fulfill their competition goals, they need to train properly. Even for professionals, it is very hard to perform a serious training. On the other hand, recent expansion of smart sport watches and even smart phones allow athletes to train smarter. During the months and years, they produce dozens of activity files. These files offer a thousands opportunities for data mining approaches, where athletes gained a deep insight in their training data. Data mining approaches are able to extract habits of athletes, help to prevent over-training syndrome and injuries, clustering similar activities together, and much more. In this chapter, we show opportunities for data mining, enumerate recent applications and outline future potentials for research and applications in real-world.
The Past, Present, and Future of UML
Authors: Platt Rebecca , Thompson Nik
Published: June 2017

Since its inception, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has risen to relative ubiquity in the IT community. However, despite its status as an ISO industry standard (International Organization for Standardization, 2005), the UML is still evolving to accommodate the changing needs of industry. This development aims to ensure that UML remains effective and relevant to the most current developments in software engineering techniques. This article charts the progress of this arguably indispensable standard and discusses the ongoing evolution in three sections: The Past, The Present, and The Future.
From General Services to Pervasive and Sensitive Services
Authors: Vega-Barbas Mario , Pau Iván , Seoane Fernando
Published: June 2017

Ubiquitous computing and pervasive technology represent enabling technologies which have conditioned the evolution of the current Information Society. These ICT are transforming society and particularly changing the interfacing methods between services and user as well as their expectations from services. Such changes are related to arising of new kind of pervasive and sensitive service such as new healthcare and well-being personalized services. In this article such kind of services are defined in a comprehensive manner. This sense, sensitive services refers to new IS services that manage data that is not only based on the physical disposition of the user in regards to the environment but also related to more personal aspects. On its part, pervasive services are those developed by using pervasive technology and therefore can be defined as a delocalized and persistent ICT service. These definitions will be supported by an analysis of the evolution of services of the Information Society both from a socio-economic and industrial focus.
Social Computing
Authors: Hemmatazad Nolan
Published: June 2017

Broadly speaking, social computing encapsulates the idea of making technologies more aware of, and more in alignment with, the social needs of their users. This allows for the introduction of new modes of communication and collaboration among users, the ability to establish and grow communities of various constitutions, as well as for more dynamic and large scale content creation, dissemination, and evaluation. This chapter serves the ternary purpose of establishing a broad definition of social computing as it stands today and as it is expected to evolve in the near future, providing an overview of the practical applications of social computing, and examining the present and historic research themes that have made an impression on social computing as an area of academic intrigue. The chapter is intended to be accessible to casual readers, practitioners, and academicians alike, with little technical depth and broad focus throughout, for the purpose of establishing an initial acquaintance with the field.
Ubiquitous Computing, Contactless Points, and Distributed Stores
Authors: Savastano Marco , Pantano Eleonora , Verteramo Saverino
Published: June 2017

The new technologies modify both customer behavior and corporate approach to retail process, by changing both the way consumers access and consumption of information. In this scenario, a huge number of “contactless technologies” is emerging as the most promising direction for supporting automatic payment and self-checkout. Similarly, ubiquitous retailing is acquiring importance in the current competitive scenario, based on ubiquitous computing (or ubiquitous access to information). As a consequence, these innovations are removing the boundaries of the physical space and pushing retailers to redefine the traditional business model and practices. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive framework of this new competitive scenario, starting from the most innovative technologies in retail domain with emphasis on the new ubiquitous ones, and shed lights on the future of the (technology-enriched) places of shopping.
Regional Development and Air Freight Service Needs for Regional Communities
Authors: Kille Tarryn , Bates Paul , Murray Patrick S.
Published: June 2017

This article is intended to assist in documenting the needs of regional communities with regards to air freight services. In doing so, the article first considers the importance of air service access to small and regional communities with particular emphasis on those economies bolstered by agriculture and the production of high-value, low weight, perishable products. The article then explores the air freight challenges facing regional communities and discusses the needs for: integration; infrastructure; and service reliability. The article provides an overview of potential solutions to assist in meeting these needs, including: improving the flow of information and communication between businesses in the entire distribution system; and applying electronic commerce tools to assist in integrating systems and sharing information.
An Efficient and Effective Index Structure for Query Evaluation in Search Engines
Authors: Chen Yangjun
Published: June 2017

In this chapter, we discuss an efficient and effective index mechanism for search engines to support both conjunctive and disjunctive queries. The main idea behind it is to decompose an inverted list into a collection of disjoint sub-lists. We will associate each word with an interval sequence, which is created by applying a kind of tree coding to a trie structure constructed over all the word sequences in a database. Then, attach each interval, instead of a word, with an inverted sub-list. In this way, both set intersection and union can be conducted by performing a series of simple interval containment checks. Experiments have been conducted, which shows that the new index is promising. Also, how to maintain indexes, when inserting or deleting documents, is discussed in great detail.
Improving Usability of Website Design Using W3C Guidelines
Authors: Sreedhar G.
Published: June 2017

Due to the unceasing growth of web sites and applications, developers and evaluators have interesting challenges not only from the development but also from the quality assurance point of view. The quality assurance was and is one of the challenging processes in software engineering as well as for the web engineering, as a new discipline. Although there exist many design guidelines, and metrics for the evaluation of web sites and applications, most of them lack a well-defined specification framework and even worse a strategy for consultation and reuse. The main theme of the research paper is to provide optimization techniques to improve the correctness of the website.
Toward Trustworthy Web Services Coordination
Authors: Zhao Wenbing
Published: June 2017

In this article, we present an overview of our recent works on enhancing the trustworthiness of Web services coordination for business activities and transactions. The approach is based on what we call application-aware Byzantine fault tolerance. We argue that it is impractical to apply general-purpose Byzantine fault tolerance algorithms for such systems in a straightforward manner. Instead, by exploiting the application semantics, much lighter weight solutions can be designed to enhance intrusion tolerance, and hence the trustworthiness of systems that require Web services coordination.
Web Site Mobilization Techniques
Authors: Sandvig John Christopher
Published: June 2017

Mobile-friendly web sites are designed to render well on all digital devices, including smartphones, desktop computers, laptop computers, and tablets. Creating a user-friendly experience on mobile devices require specific web design techniques. These techniques are designed to accommodate the small screens and other physical limitations of mobile devices. This article describes the three primary techniques for creating mobile-friendly web sites: responsive, separate URL, and server adaptive. It explains how each technique is implemented, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and their relative popularity. It also describes an emerging mobile technique called Accelerated Mobile Pages.
Abstract Book of the 31° Congresso Nazionale SIGOT - Genova, 8-9 giugno 2017
Authors: Pilotto Editor-in-Chief: Alberto
Published: June 2017

Abstract Book of the 31° Congresso Nazionale SIGOT - Genova, 8-9 giugno 2017.
Stability of Finite Difference Schemes for Hyperbolic Initial Boundary Value Problems: Numerical Boundary Layers
Authors: Boutin Benjamin , Coulombel Jean-François
Published: June 2017

In this article, we give a unified theory for constructing boundary layer expansions for discretized transport equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We exhibit a natural assumption on the discretization under which the numerical solution can be written approximately as a two-scale boundary layer expansion. In particular, this expansion yields discrete semigroup estimates that are compatible with the continuous semigroup estimates in the limit where the space and time steps tend to zero. The novelty of our approach is to cover numerical schemes with arbitrarily many time levels.
A Numerical Approximation Structured by Mixed Finite Element and Upwind Fractional Step Difference for Semiconductor Device with Heat Conduction and Its Numerical Analysis
Authors: Yuan Yirang , Yang Qing , Li Changfeng , Sun Tongjun
Published: June 2017

A coupled mathematical system of four quasi-linear partial differential equations and the initial-boundary value conditions is presented to interpret transient behavior of three dimensional semiconductor device with heat conduction. The electric potential is defined by an elliptic equation, the electron and hole concentrations are determined by convection-dominated diffusion equations and the temperature is interpreted by a heat conduction equation. A mixed finite element approximation is used to get the electric field potential and one order of computational accuracy is improved. Two concentration equations and the heat conduction equation are solved by a fractional step scheme modified by a second-order upwind difference method, which can overcome numerical oscillation, dispersion and computational complexity. This changes the computation of a three dimensional problem into three successive computations of one-dimensional problem where the method of speedup is used and the computational work is greatly shortened. An optimal second-order error estimate in L2 norm is derived by prior estimate theory and other special techniques of partial differential equations. This type of parallel method is important in numerical analysis and is most valuable in numerical application of semiconductor device and it can successfully solve this international famous problem.
Lattice Boltzmann Method for Simulating Phase Separation of Sheared Binary Fluids with Reversible Chemical Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Ouyang Jie , Yang Heng , Liu Jianwei
Published: June 2017

A lattice Boltzmann method is utilized for governing equations which control phase separation of binary fluids with reversible chemical reaction in presence of a shear flow in this paper. We first present the morphology modeling of sheared binary fluids with reversible chemical reaction. We then validate the model by taking the unsheared binary fluids as an example. It is found that the results fit well with the references. The paper shows structures of the sheared system and gives the detailed analysis for the morphology of sheared binary fluids with reversible chemical reaction. The phase separation of the domain structures with different chemical reaction rates is discussed. Through simulations of the sheared binary fluids, two interesting phenomena are observed, which do not exist in a binary mixture without reversible chemical reaction. One is that the same results appear in both low and high viscosity, and the other is that the domain growth exponent with both low and high viscosities presents wave due to the competition of the viscosity and phase separation. In addition, we find that the finite size effects resulting in the growth exponent decreasing appear faster than that of the unsheared blend at a large time when the size of domains is comparable with the lattice size.
Fully Discrete Galerkin Finite Element Method for the Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Wang Jianyun , Huang Yunqing
Published: June 2017

This paper is concerned with numerical method for a two-dimensional time-dependent cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The approximations are obtained by the Galerkin finite element method in space in conjunction with the backward Euler method and the Crank-Nicolson method in time, respectively. We prove optimalL2error estimates for two fully discrete schemes by using elliptic projection operator. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify our theoretical results.
Estimación de evapotranspiración real (ETR) y de evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) en el sudoeste bonaerense (Argentina) a partir de imágenes MODIS
Authors: Marini F. , Santamaría M. , Oricchio P. , Di Bella C. M. , Basualdo A.
Published: June 2017

Using regression analysis between actual evapotranspiration (ETR) and potential evapotranspiration (ETP) values obtained in seven meteorological observatories and remote sensing derived data from MODIS images (Surface temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI) models for estimating ETR and ETP in the southwest of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) were developed for the 2000–2014 period. Both models were satisfactorily evaluated in the meteorological observatories used. A regression model was adjusted for ETR with a determination coefficient of 0,6959. Regression model was nonlinear in the case of the ETP variable with a determination coefficient of 0,8409. The individual regression analysis for each meteorological observatories explicate the behavior of the regression for the total data set of ETR and ETP. According to these results, the utility of remote sensing in determination of ETR and ETP in areas without meteorological data was confirmed.
Temperature dependence of the Brewer global UV measurements
Authors: Fountoulakis Ilias , Redondas Alberto , Lakkala Kaisa , Berjon Alberto , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Doppler Lionel , Feister Uwe , Heikkila Anu , Karppinen Tomi , Karhu Juha M. , Koskela Tapani , Garane Katerina , Fragkos Konstantinos , Savastiouk Volodya
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Spectral measurements of global UV irradiance recorded by Brewer spectrophotometers can be significantly affected by instrument-specific optical and mechanical features, thus proper corrections are needed in order to reduce the associated uncertainties to within acceptable levels. The present study aims to contribute to the reduction of uncertainties originating from changes in the Brewer’s internal temperature, which affect the performance of the optical and electronic parts, and subsequently the response of the instrument. Until now, measurements of the irradiance from various types of lamps at different temperatures are used to characterize the instruments’ temperature dependence. The use of 50 Watt lamps was found to induce errors in the characterization due to changes in the transmissivity of the Teflon diffuser as it warms up by the heat of the lamp. In contrast the use of 200 or 1000 Watt lamps is considered more appropriate because they are positioned at longer distances from the diffuser so that warming is negligible. Temperature gradients inside the instrument can cause mechanical stresses which can affect the instrument’s optical characteristics. Therefore during the temperature-dependence characterization procedure warming or cooling must be slow enough to allow all parts of the instrument to be nearly equilibrated. In this study, results of the temperature characterization of eight different Brewer spectrophotometers operating in Greece, Finland, Germany and Spain are presented. It was found that the instruments’ response is changing differently in different temperature regions due to different responses of the diffusers’ transmittance. The temperature correction factors derived for the Brewer spectrophotometers operating at Thessaloniki, Greece and Sodankylä, Finland were evaluated and were found to remove the temperature dependence of the instruments’ sensitivity.
CENTRINIŲ VENŲ KATETERIZACIJA OPERACINĖJE IR
JOS SĄSAJA SU KRAUJO INFEKCIJOMIS
Authors: Žiogaitė Raimonda , Guzovijūtė Šarlota , Macas Andrius
Published: June 2017

Centrinės venos kateterizacija yra neatsiejama šiuolaikinės
medicinos bei pacientų gydymo ir priežiūros
dalis. Atliekant venų kateterizaciją galima ne tik
padėti pacientui, bet ir sukelti mirtiną bei pavojingą
komplikaciją – sepsį. Straipsnyje aptariami centrinės
venos kateterizacijos ypatumai, kateterių tipai,
dažniausiai pasirenkamos kateterizacijos vietos bei
sepsio išsivystymo dažnis po šios procedūros. Taip
pat bandoma atrasti sąsajas tarp gretutinių ligų bei
infekcijos išsivystymo dažnio.
Tikslas. Įvertinti centrinės venos kateterizavimo
ypatumus bei rizikos veiksnius komplikacijoms
vystytis, nustatyti, ar Anesteziologijos klinikos gydytojų
atliekamos kateterizacijos turi įtakos kraujo
infekcijos išsivystymui.
Darbo metodika. Perspektyvusis, stebimasis klinikinis
tyrimas, į kurį buvo įtraukti LSMUL KK Chirurgijos
skyriaus pacientai, kuriems nuo 2015 m. rugsėjo
mėn. iki 2016 m. sausio mėn. operacijų metu
buvo taikyta centrinės venos kateterizacija.
Išvados. Nustatyta, jog LSMUL KK Anesteziologijos
klinikoje dažniausia centrinės venos kateterizacijos
vieta - vidinė jungo vena ir dažniausiai naudojami
vienkanalio tipo kateteriai. Vidutinė centrinės
venos kateterio laikymo trukmė buvo 7 dienos, o ją
ilginančių veiksnių, susijusių su onkologinėmis ir
neonkologinėmis ligomis, nustatyti nepavyko.
PRIEŠMENSTRUACINIO SINDROMO PAPLITIMAS
TARP HORMONINĘ KONTRACEPCIJĄ NAUDOJANČIŲ IR
NENAUDOJANČIŲ MOTERŲ
Authors: Stankovskaja Justina , Bumbulienė Žana
Published: June 2017

2016 m. lapkričio-kovo mėnesiais Vilniuje, UAB
“Gintarinė vaistinė”, vadovaujantis originalia priešmenstruacinio
sindromo simptomų anketa, atlikta
vienmomentė 202 moterų apklausa. Į galutinę analizę
pateko 191 respondentė. Klausimyną sudarė eilė
psichoemocinių, vegetacinių, sutrikusios medžiagų
apykaitos ir kitų priešmenstruacinio sindromo
simptomų. Respondentės suskirstytos į dvi grupes
- hormoninę kontracepciją naudojančios ir nenaudojančios.
Apklausos metu gauti duomenys apdoroti
SPSS 17 versijos paketu ir Microsoft Office
Excel 2007 programa. Pasirinktas statistinio reikšmingumo
lygmuo p<0,05. Rezultatai. Iš 191 moterų
kontracepcijos priemones naudojo 77 (40 proc.), iš
kurių 20 proc. pasirinko hormoninę kontracepciją.
114 respondenčių (60 proc.) kontracepcijos priemonių
nenaudojo. Priešmenstruacinio sindromo simptomų
paplitimas tarp grupių reikšmingai nesiskyrė.
Dažniausi simptomai: psichoemociniai (79,9%), sutrikusi
medžiagų apykaita (77,9%) ir vegetaciniai
(72,1%). Hormoninę kontracepciją naudojančios
respondentės patiria žymiai silpnesnius psichoemocinius
ir vegetacinius priešmenstruacinio sindromo
simptomus lyginant su jos nenaudojančiomis moterimis
(p=0,022; p=0,040). Depresija dažniau vargina
hormoninės kontracepcijos nenaudojančias moteris
(p=0,043). Skausmingomis mėnesinėmis dažniau
skundžiasi moterys, nenaudojančios hormoninės
kontracepcijos (p=0,000).
Išvados. Horminės kontracepcijos naudojimas turi
teigiamą įtaką priešmenstraucinio sindromo ir dismenorėjos
simptomams. Tačiau negalime teigti, kad hormininės kontracepcijos naudojimas sumažino
priešmenstruacinio sindromo simptomų dažnį ar
intensyvumą, nes neturime duomenų apie savijautą
iki hormoninės kontracepcijos naudojimo.
O poeta enrustido: narrativa e poesia em Nossos Ossos, de Marcelino Freire
Authors: Angeli Jéssica Domingues , Machado Guacira Marcondes
Published: June 2017

A narrativa poética, conforme definição de Jean-Yves Tadié, é um gênero híbrido, uma narrativa em prosa cujos procedimentos de ação e efeito remetem ao poema: contém elementos da narrativa – autor, narrador, protagonista, enredo, espaço e tempo – e do poema: estrutura, mito, estilo e, em menor escala, ritmo, sonoridade e repetição. A partir dessa definição, o trabalho analisará Nossos Ossos, primeiro romance de Marcelino Freire, publicado em 2013, observando como o narrador-protagonista do romance e sua viagem até Pernambuco, conferem traços da narrativa poética à obra.
Poesia e Crises: Muros Altos e Grasnar de Gansos
Authors: Godoy Heleno
Published: June 2017

Este ensaio tenta mostrar, através da leitura de alguns poemas e um trecho em prosa de autores diversos (Nicanor Parra, Eve Merriam, Donald Caswell, Freedom Nyamubaya e Lynn Freed), como se constituem as crises através das quais a poesia se transforma e como poetas de diferentes nacionalidades e propósitos aceitam o desafio e tentam superá-las.
Community Participation in the Alleviating Program of Street Children in Semarang City
Authors: Lestari Hesti
Published: June 2017

Semarang city is the capital city of Central Java province that became the fifth largest city in Indonesia. Because of the progress the city is then not a few people who come to the city to seek their fortunes. According to source from news.okezone.com state that the community who came to Semarang mostly from Demak Regency, Kendal Regency, and Semarang Sub-District. The community comes to Semarang city one of which is the existence of street children. Street children are children who are most the time they use to the streets or other public places are good for a living or hang around. The majority of street children in the city of Semarang have been experiencing dropouts, caused by the limitations of the cost be a factor driving the street children take to the streets, and also the poverty factor that resulted in all members of the family are falls and street to meet the necessities of life. The results of the research conducted in the field researchers indicates that public participation Semarang against street children is immense, as seen from research done to road users in the area of the city of Semarang, the majority of road users are reluctant to give money to beggars or street children. The Act is done because road users recognize that the activities of street children conducted in the street not become the responsibility of road users and not because of the desire of the individual itself. Other forms of participation that is often done with road users give money or buy merchandise sold street children due to a sense of sympathy and pity towards the existence of street children in the city of Semarang. Factors that encourage community participation includes: a) the availability of Regulations; b) cooperation with the private City Government; c) adequate human resources; d) facilities and infrastructure; and e) budget. While becoming a barrier to participation in the efforts for the people of alleviating street children are: a) the existence of Urbanization; b) high rates of Poverty; c) conditions and social change.
Ante una disyuntiva: economía de la acumulación y el derroche o economía de lo justo y austero
Authors: Flores Silva Jorge
Published: June 2017

Los que controlan el capital como resultado de una economía de acumulación, son los que tienen la posibilidad de hacer las inversiones, lo hacen en aquello que les da mayor rentabilidad en función del interés privado y no del interés común.El problema del modelo de acumulación en los actuales momentos se expresa con la crisis de producción de alimentos, el desempleo y la pobreza que vive la población, fenómeno que tiene varias causas, pero sus raíces principales son de carácter estructural. Se está ante una estructura económica de concentración y una superestructura política de injusticia.A diferencia de una economía de la acumulación en la economía de lo justo, se pueden introducir criterios de solidaridad y el bien común en donde el fin último ha de ser el sujeto de la actividad económica –el ser humano- y el dinero y la tecnología solo han de ser un medio para lograr la realización del individuo como centro y sujeto de la actividad productiva.
Carta de presentación Vol.5(1)
Authors: Editorial Consejo
Published: June 2017

En un mundo que actualmente está lleno de complejidades e incertidumbres los fenómenos tienen que ser vistos desde ópticas que permitan en las sociedades discernir del carácter determinístico que muchas veces es transferido a conducir a un pensamiento único, alejado de la pluralidad de las visiones de interpretación de la realidad. La comunicación es el canal por el cual fluye la información que permite inducir a los individuos a comportamientos y creencias acordes a lograr una homogenización de las ideas, incluso se pueden generar pensamientos contrarios, pero estos no afectan la continuación de la cohesión de las generadas en un planeta imbuido en el fenómeno de la globalización. El ambiente académico también gira en torno de la etapa histórica que vivimos y se traduce cuando se generan inmensos volúmenes de información que contribuyen a producir nuevos conocimientos, que reproducen los obtenidos y logran avanzar, aunque desestiman cualquier cambio de rumbo que podría alumbrar hacia otras avenidas de saber de las acumuladas por la tendencia que lidera el mundo...
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Novel Zirconium, Zinc and Cadmium Complexes Derived from Substituted Tetramethyl Guanidine
Authors: Pasdar Hoda , Foroughifar Naser , Saghavaz Bahare Hedayati , Davallo Mehran
Published: June 2017

A novel series of metal complexes of guanidine ligand derived from condensation of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2-aminopyridine in present of POCl3 have been synthesized. The complexes are characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis and also molar conductance was measured. These spectroscopic studies confirmed that the ligand bonded to the metals through the nitrogen atoms. The suggested structures of the metal complexes are square planner. The ligand and its metal complexes were tested against Gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus sabtilis and Staphylococcus aureus by applying disc diffusion method. The most antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds belongs to CdL2 complex. The results of this study showed that the metal complexes have more antibacterial activity against species when compared to the parent ligand.
Practical aspects of nutritional therapy and blood glucose level in critically ill patients
Authors: Wadełek Jacek
Published: June 2017

The main goal of nutritional support in critically ill patients is to minimize the negative protein balance by avoiding starvation, with the purpose of maintaining muscular, immune, and cognitive function, as well as to enhance recovery. Nutrition can be given either by the enteral or the parenteral route. Patients should be provided with nutritional substrates, because starvation or underfeeding in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The guidelines of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and Canadian Society for Clinical Nutrition (CSCN) recommend the initiation of enteral nutrition within 24-48 hours after the admission to ICU. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), if indicated, should also be initiated within the first 24-48 hours after ICU admission. The minimal amount of carbohydrate required is about 2 g of glucose/body weight per day. Hyperglycemia above 180mg/dl (>10 mmol/l) may have fatal consequences for critically ill patients and should also be avoided. Insulin therapy should be initiated for persistent hyperglycemia, with decision threshold no greater than 180 mg/dl, with a target glycemia range of 140 to 180 mg/dl for the majority of critically ill patients. Intravenous insulin infusions adjusted according to validated protocols with demonstrated safety and efficacy are preferred.
Diagnosis and treatment of patients in septic shock
Authors: Wadełek Jacek
Published: June 2017

Sepsis and septic shock are a clinical emergency. Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection, and organ dysfunction is defined as an acute change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score greater than 2 points secondary to an infectious cause. Septic shock is defined as sepsis with persisting hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or higher, and blood lactate level greater than 2 mmol/l (18 mg/dl) despite adequate volume resuscitation. The diagnosis of septic shock begins with medical history and physical examination focused on the signs and symptoms of infection, with the aim of recognizing complex physiologic manifestations of shock. Clinicians should understand the importance of prompt administration of antibiotics, vasopressors and intravenous fluids aimed at restoring adequate circulation. They should also be aware of the limitations of the protocol-based therapy.
LEVEL OF MOTOR SKILLS IN YOUNGER PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THEIR SELECTED CONDITIONS
Authors: Madejski Eligiusz , Kosiba Grażyna , Majer Magdalena
Published: June 2017

Aim. To assess the motor skill level of younger primary school children (grade 1-3) and the relationship between the motor skills of the participants and their knowledge on physical culture and physical activity. Basic procedures. The study was conducted among randomly selected children enrolled in grades 1-3 of primary schools in Krakow. 334 students aged 7-8, 365 aged 8-9 and 317 aged 9-10 took part in the study. The basic method was a diagnostic survey, and the technique was a questionnaire and school achievement testing. The SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., 2012) programme was used for statistical analysis of the study results. Statistically significant correlations were assumed at p &lt; 0.01 and were marked by two asterisks. Results. The highest percentage of subjects regarding the level of motor skills was in the middle and high ranges. The analysis of the results also showed an average level of physical activity and knowledge about physical culture in the majority of participants. Research also showed a statistically significant positive correlation between motor skills and the level of physical activity of children and the level of knowledge about physical culture. Conclusions. Younger school-girls and school-boys are generally above average in terms of selected motor skills. The age of the examined children clearly differentiated their level of motor skills. There was a statistically significant correlation between the motor skills and physical activity of children in their free time and their knowledge on physical culture.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SEX AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE AS DETERMINANTS OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL DRINKING AMONG YOUTH BEFORE AND AFTER THE 1ST YEAR OF STUDY SHORT TITLE: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DRUGS AMONG YOUTH
Authors: Pruska Izabela , Szeklicki Robert
Published: June 2017

The aim of the study was to determine the significance of relationships between physical activity, selected demographic factors (gender and place of living) and the frequency of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among youth before and after the first year of study. Material and methods. In the study participated youth beginning their education at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (Poland). The study was conducted twice: before and after the first year of study. Physical activity was determined by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Information about sex, place of living, frequency of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol were collected using a questionnaire. Results. After the first year of study the percentage of smokers and drinkers did not change significantly. In both study periods significantly greater (p&lt;0.001) percentage of men than women declare regular smoking and drinking alcohol. Physical activity does not differentiated significantly cigarette smoking and drinking alcohol. Place of living only in case of women is significant (p&lt;0.05): a greater percentage of women living in larger cities regularly smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol. Conclusions. The beginning of higher education and related lifestyle changes did not differentiate significantly habits of young people in cigarette smoking and drinking alcohol after the first year of studies. Physical activity does not differentiate significantly the frequency of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol by men and women. Men declared more frequently regular smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. A larger proportion of regular smokers and drinkers were found among women living in major cities
Le travail social dans le Good Lives Model utilisé auprès des auteurs d’agressions sexuelles
Authors: Dorais Michel
Published: June 2017

Cet article dresse un parallèle entre certains aspectscaractéristiques du service social contemporain et del’approche du Good Lives Model auprès des auteursd’agressions sexuelles.
Redesigning Systems Thinking
Authors: Sevaldson Birger
Published: June 2017

The resent movement of Systemic Design seeks for new synergies between Design and Systems. While the usefulness of systems approaches in design has been fairly obvious, this paper argues that many core concepts in design are beneficial in systems thinking. This seems reasonable when it comes to the concept of Design Thinking. However, as this paper argues, the more practical core concepts of design are equally important. Designerly skills have been regarded as belonging mainly in the realm of traditional commercial design, whereas design thinking has been regarded as useful in strategic management settings. This paper argues against the idea of separating design thinking from design action. The skills and competences of design, such as the composition of the shape and form that are obvious in product design, are central to Systems Oriented Design (SOD). SOD is a version in the emerging pluralistic field of Systemic Design. The Systemic Design movement should recognise the core values of design and integrate them in systems thinking. This integration would contribute to innovation in both Systemic Design and systems thinking. Among the core competences of design discussed in the paper are composition, choreography, orchestration, the notion of the Gesamtkunstwerk and open-ended multi-scalar design strategies that allow for both structural and organic development. The paper provides examples to support its proposal for the use of concrete aesthetic principles to guide Systemic Design processes. This paper expands the working paper entitled “Holistic and dynamic concepts in design: What design brings to systems thinking”, which was presented at the RSD3 symposium (2014).
On the cooccurrence of wintertime temperature anomalies over eastern Asia and eastern North America
Authors: Chen Ruyan , Huang Wenyu , Wang Bin , Yang Zifan , Wright Jonathon S. , Ma Wenqian
Published: June 2017

The cooccurrence of wintertime temperature anomalies over eastern Asia and eastern North America is examined. The winter days during 1948–2014 are assigned to nine regimes by applying the self‐organizing map clustering method to the area‐averaged land surface temperature anomalies over these two regions. About half of the winter days are associated with concurrent temperature anomalies. The occurrence of the concurrent/nonconcurrent regimes is closely related to the large‐scale circulation conditions. The Eurasian teleconnection pattern and the Pacific‐North American teleconnection pattern are two dominant large‐scale circulation modes associated with the cooccurrence of the temperature anomalies, through their impacts on the intensities of the corresponding troughs. The precursor analysis reveals that the lead time of the early signals for the concurrent cold anomalies is about 4 days longer than that for the concurrent warm anomalies. In addition, the average lead time of the precursor signals for the wintertime temperature anomalies over eastern Asia is longer than that over eastern North America.
Significant impacts of irrigation water sources and methods on modeling irrigation effects in the ACMELand Model
Authors: Leng Guoyong , Leung L. Ruby , Huang Maoyi
Published: June 2017

An irrigation module considering irrigation water source and irrigation method has been incorporated into the ACME Land Model (ALM). Global numerical experiments were conducted to investigate irrigation effects and their sensitivity to irrigation water sources and irrigation methods. All simulations shared the same irrigation soil moisture target constrained by a global census data set of irrigation amounts. Irrigation has large impacts on terrestrial water balances especially in regions with extensive irrigation. Such effects depend on the irrigation water source: surface water‐fed irrigation decreases runoff and water table depth, while groundwater‐fed irrigation increases water table depth, and increases or decreases runoff depending on the pumping intensity. Irrigation effects also depend significantly on the irrigation method. Flood irrigation applies water in large volumes within short durations, resulting in much larger impacts on runoff and water table depth than drip and sprinkler irrigation. Differentiating the irrigation water source and method is important not only for representing the distinct pathways of how irrigation influences the terrestrial water balances, but also for estimating irrigation water use efficiency. Specifically, groundwater pumping has lower irrigation water use efficiency than irrigation relying on surface water withdrawal only due to enhanced recharge rates. Different irrigation methods also affect water use efficiency, with drip irrigation being the most efficient followed by sprinkler and flood irrigation. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for irrigation source and irrigation method, which are the least understood and constrained aspects in modeling irrigation water demand, water scarcity, and irrigation effects in Earth System Models.
Shock metamorphism of clay minerals on Mars by meteor impact
Authors: Michalski Joseph R. , Glotch Timothy D. , Friedlander Lonia R. , Darby Dyar M. , Bish David L. , Sharp Thomas G. , Carter John
Published: June 2017

A large fraction of clay minerals detected on Mars by infrared remote sensing represent materials exhumed from the subsurface by meteor impact, begging the question of whether the infrared features used to detect the clays are affected by shock associated with the impacts. We used X‐ray diffraction and infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy to evaluate the mineralogy of five clay minerals after experimentally shocking them to six shock pressures from ~10 to 40 GPa. The shocked clays exhibit three main relevant shock effects: (1) an overall decrease in infrared spectral contrast in the impact‐fragmented materials, (2) oxidation of Fe in ferrous clays, and (3) loss of some spectral structure in relatively well‐ordered clays such as kaolinite. Other than the widespread oxidation of ferrous clays, shock metamorphism likely has little effect on the accurate interpretation of clay mineralogy on Mars from remote sensing data. However, we are able to identify rare cases of extreme shock in some Martian clay deposits.
The role of the Southern Hemisphere semiannual oscillation in the development of a precursor to central and eastern Pacific Southern Oscillation warm events
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , van Loon Harry , Arblaster Julie M.
Published: June 2017

The semiannual oscillation (SAO) is a twice‐yearly northward movement (in May‐June‐July (MJJ) and November‐December‐January (NDJ)) of the circumpolar trough of sea level pressure (SLP) in the Southern Hemisphere with effects throughout the troposphere. During MJJ the second harmonic of SLP, describing the SAO, has low values of SLP north of 50°S in the subtropical South Pacific, while the first harmonic, which is dominant over the Australian sector, increases to its peak. This once‐a‐year peak in negative SLP gradients (decreasing to the east) between Australia and the ocean to its east extends to the equatorial Pacific. Southern Oscillation warm events since 1950, with an intensification of this seasonal cycle, have larger‐amplitude SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific in MJJ and during the following mature phase in NDJ. Weak amplification of the seasonal cycle in MJJ tends to be followed by larger‐amplitude SST anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific during NDJ.
Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake
Authors: Yang Ting , Gurnis Michael , Zhan Zhongwen
Published: June 2017

The subducted old and cold Pacific Plate beneath the young Philippine Sea Plate at the Izu‐Bonin trench over the Cenozoic hosts regional deep earthquakes. We investigate slab morphology and stress regimes under different trench motion histories with mantle convection models. Viscosity, temperature, and deviatoric stress are inherently heterogeneous within the slab, which we link to the occurrence of isolated earthquakes. Models expand on previous suggestions that observed slab morphology variations along the Izu‐Bonin subduction zone, exhibited as shallow slab dip angles in the north and steeper dip angles in the south, are mainly due to variations in the rate of trench retreat from the north (where it is fast) to the south (where it is slow). Geodynamic models consistent with the regional plate tectonics, including oceanic plate age, plate convergence rate, and trench motion history, reproduce the seismologically observed principal stress direction and slab morphology. We suggest that the isolated ~680 km deep, 30 May 2015 Mw 7.9 Bonin Islands earthquake, which lies east of the well‐defined Benioff zone and has its principal compressional stress direction oriented toward the tip of the previously defined Benioff zone, can be explained by Pacific slab buckling in response to the slow trench retreat.
Reawakening of large earthquakes in south central Chile: The 2016 Mw 7.6 Chiloé event
Authors: Ruiz S. , Moreno M. , Melnick D. , del Campo F. , Poli P. , Baez J. C. , Leyton F. , Madariaga R.
Published: June 2017

On 25 December 2016, the Mw 7.6 Chiloé earthquake broke a plate boundary asperity in south central Chile near the center of the rupture zone of the Mw 9.5 Valdivia earthquake of 1960. To gain insight on decadal‐scale deformation trends and their relation with the Chiloé earthquake, we combine geodetic, teleseismic, and regional seismological data. GPS velocities increased at continental scale after the 2010 Maule earthquake, probably due to a readjustment in the mantle flow and an apparently abrupt end of the viscoelastic mantle relaxation following the 1960 Valdivia earthquake. It also produced an increase in the degree of plate locking. The Chiloé earthquake occurred within the region of increased locking, breaking a circular patch of ~15 km radius at ~30 km depth, located near the bottom of the seismogenic zone. We propose that the Chiloé earthquake is a first sign of the seismic reawakening of the Valdivia segment, in response to the interaction between postseismic viscoelastic relaxation and changes of interseismic locking between Nazca and South America.
Coordinated observations of postmidnight irregularities and thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures at low latitudes
Authors: Dao Tam , Otsuka Yuichi , Shiokawa Kazuo , Nishioka Michi , Yamamoto Mamoru , Buhari Suhaila M. , Abdullah Mardina , Husin Asnawi
Published: June 2017

We investigated a postmidnight field‐aligned irregularity (FAI) event observed with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar at Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E, dip latitude 10.4°S) in Indonesia on the night of 9 July 2010 using a comprehensive data set of both neutral and plasma parameters. We examined the rate of total electron content change index (ROTI) obtained from GPS receivers in Southeast Asia, airglow images detected by an all‐sky imager, and thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures obtained by a Fabry‐Perot interferometer at Kototabang. Altitudes of the F layer (h′F) observed by ionosondes at Kototabang, Chiang Mai, and Chumphon were also surveyed. We found that the postmidnight FAIs occurred within plasma bubbles and coincided with kilometer‐scale plasma density irregularities. We also observed an enhancement of the magnetically equatorward thermospheric neutral wind at the same time as the increase of h′F at low‐latitude stations, but h′F at a station near the magnetic equator remained invariant. Simultaneously, a magnetically equatorward gradient of thermospheric temperature was identified at Kototabang. The convergence of equatorward neutral winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres could be associated with a midnight temperature maximum occurring around the magnetic equator. Equatorward neutral winds can uplift the F layer at low latitudes and increase the growth rate of Rayleigh‐Taylor instabilities, causing more rapid extension of plasma bubbles. The equatorward winds in both hemispheres also intensify the eastward Pedersen current, so a large polarization electric field generated in the plasma bubble might play an important role in the generation of postmidnight FAIs.
Energetic ion leakage from foreshock transient cores
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Hietala Heli
Published: June 2017

Earth's foreshock is filled with backstreaming particles that can interact with the ambient solar wind and its discontinuities to form foreshock transients. Many foreshock transients have a core with low dynamic pressure that can significantly perturb the bow shock and the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. Foreshock transients have also been recently recognized as sites of particle acceleration, which may be important for seeding the parent shock with energetic particles. A relevant step of this seeding would be energetic ion leakage into the surrounding foreshock environment. On the other hand, such leakage would also suppress the energetic particle flux contrast across foreshock transients' boundaries masking their perceived contribution to ion energization. To further examine this hypothesis of ion leakage, we report on multipoint case studies of three foreshock transient events selected from a large database. The cases were selected to exemplify, in increasing complexity, the nature and consequences of energetic ion leakage. Ion energy dispersion, observed upstream and/or downstream of the foreshock transients, is explained with a simple, ballistic model of ions leaking from the foreshock transients. Larger energies are required for leaked ions to reach the spacecraft as the distance between the transient and spacecraft increases. Our model, which explains well the observed ion energy dispersion and velocity distributions, can also be used to reveal the shape of the foreshock transients in three dimensions. Our results suggest that ion leakage from foreshock transient cores needs to be accounted for both in statistical studies and in global models of ion acceleration under quasi‐parallel foreshock conditions.