bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram: a strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis
Authors: A. S. Hema Priya , S. R. Arun Krishna , Sundar Jasmine S.
Published: October 2022

Over 400 million children between 0 and 18 live in India, making it the world's largest country for children. Out of every 100 newborns, 6 to 7 are estimated to have birth abnormalities and a significant fraction of children experience nutritional inadequacies and developmental impairments. Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), a programme created to enhance the health of children from birth to 18 years of age through early identification, prevention, and management of 30 health conditions under the 4Ds, was introduced in 2013 by the ministry of health and family welfare to mitigate these downsides. This review study aims to gain insight into the RBSK program using the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. All articles regarding the programme had been systematically searched using published scholarly databases, PubMed, and search engines like google as well as within the grey literature. All considerations were then organized thematically into risks and potential chances to improve its effectiveness, as well as strengths and weaknesses that address the survival outcome of the RBSK scheme. As a result, the dearth of service providers, a certain lack of diagnostic resources, and technological development are the downsides, while probable threats include ignorance and abandoning treatment. To enhance the quality of life for children, it is also crucial to encourage early identification and care, which reduces the risk of delayed diagnosis. To fix the weaknesses, avoid threats, and take advantage of all future opportunities to overcome the addressed issues, RBSK needs to be upgraded.
Starting travel health clinics in India: need, scope, structure and role of points of entry
Authors: Pasi Achhelal Ramashankar
Published: October 2022

Travel medicine is a new interdisciplinary field that has the ultimate goal to keep the travelers free from infectious diseases. Increase in international travel increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting travel-related illnesses and other health exposures. International travellers need to be adequately educated and advised by health care providers about potential health related risks. However, only a fraction of international travellers seeks pretravel health advice.Possible reason for not availing pretravel health services is non-availability of specifically trained health professionals to counsel patients on travel-related health risks. A pretravel individual health risk assessment, health checkups and counselling could be very beneficial to the traveler. In India, there are more than 40 points of entry (PoEs). These PoEs are evenly distributed across the country and have adequate infrastructure and trained manpower in accordance to the international health regulations (IHR)-2005. Resources (Infrastructure, trained manpower and experience of implementing international health) available at PoEs may be very well utilised to provide travel health services to international travellers.
GENDER DIFFERENCE IN INTERNAL EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION: DISTANCE ANALYSIS BETWEEN HOMETOWNS AND UNIVERSITIES OF ISTANBUL
Authors: ÇAVLİN Alanur , BİNGÖL Şahin
Published: October 2022

University education is one of the primary incentives for internal migration and most educational migration in Turkey is directed toward the city of İstanbul. In addition to vocational and academic achievement, university education also provides autonomy for young people by allowing them to live in different and perhaps distant areas from their families. In this article, we analyze students who have moved to İstanbul with regard to characteristics of gender and migratory distance in order to determine whether there is a gender difference in the realization of distant resettlement for education. To accomplish this, we use a database of students in the 2017-2018 academic year who applied for accommodation to the General Directorate of Credit and Hostels (KYK), which is the largest public institution that provides housing opportunities for university students in Turkey. This dataset includes 27,643 students, 49% of whom are female while 51% are male. Controlling for the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the students and their scores on the university entrance exam, we reveal that male students move greater distances to study in universities and they have more opportunities to migrate to İstanbul from settlements farther away than female students.
NARRATIVES ABOUT MENSTRUATION IN TURKEY: SELF-SHAME, SUPPRESSION AND SILENCE
Authors: GEDİK Esra , PEHLİVANLI Ezgi
Published: October 2022

In this study, we explore how women perceive menstruation in Turkey. The general discourse in Turkey defines menstruation as an adverse and even dirty biological process mainly described as “being ill” and/or making women unable to worship until becoming clean again. Experiences of menstruation also shape women’s identities to a certain extent and create adverse feelings as a fundamental part of womanhood in Turkey. The experiences of the participants reflect the dynamic interactions among being suppressed, feeling self-shame, and being silent. The main dataset of this study was collected from December 2021 to February 2022 in Turkey via 20 online in-depth interviews conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire.
ŞİDDET KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: BURDUR MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÖNÜLLÜ Canan
Published: October 2022

Şiddet konusu, geniş perspektifte birçok disiplini, özellikle insanlığı bütünüyle ilgilendiren konulardan biridir. Konu, günümüzde bir sosyal problem olarak görülmekte ve çözüm önerileri konusunda, farklı disiplinler hem teorik hem de uygulamalı çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Şiddetin çözümünün; doğduğu kaynak olan insan aracılığıyla bulunmaya çalışılması konunun daha gerçekçi olarak ele alınmasına kaynaklık edebilecektir. Ancak içeriği şiddet olan özellikle uygulamalı çalışmalarda; şiddet faillerinden doğru ve gerçekçi cevaplar alabilmek konusunda çeşitli sorunlar yaşanabilmektedir. Özellikle fiziksel şiddet dışında kalan şiddet türleri konusunda faillerden ziyade mağdurların da farkındalığının ne derece gelişmiş olduğu araştırılması gereken konulardan biridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin maruz kaldıkları ya da şahit oldukları şiddet olaylarının bir değerlendirilmesinin yapılmasıdır. Şiddetin herhangi bir türü ile karşılaşmış yetişkin birer birey olarak kabul edilen öğrencilerin, şiddet kavramını nasıl yorumladıkları sahip oldukları sosyo-ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel özellikler de dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması (case study) kullanılmıştır. Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi’nde eğitim görmekte olan ve şiddet öyküleri olduğunu beyan eden öğrencilerle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşülen kişilere ulaşmak için, kartopu örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, şiddetin azaltılabilmesi için bu konuda eğitimlerin, bireylerin erken gelişim dönemlerinden itibaren verilmesi ve bütüncül bir anlayışla toplumun tüm fertlerine erişilebilir destek hizmetlerinin sunulması gerektiğine ulaşılmıştır.
MARMARİS'TEKİ OTEL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN KÜLTÜREL YATKINLIKLARININ BOURDIEUCÜ BİR ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖĞÜTLE Vefa Saygın , TATAR Selma
Published: October 2022

Araştırma ile Marmaris’teki otel yöneticilerinin kültürel yatkınlıkları, kültürel tercihleri ve beğenileri, tüketim alışkanlıkları, gündelik pratikleri, Marmaris ve turizm ile etkileşimleri anlamak istenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmış ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme soru formlarıyla derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Marmaris’te farklı türdeki otellerde yöneticilik yapan 24 kişi ile görüşülmüştür. Görüşmelerin yapıldığı otel işletmelerinin etnografik tasviri ve görüşülen otel yöneticilerinin sosyal tiplemesi yapılmıştır. Marmaris’teki otel yöneticilerinin seküler bir yapı gösterdiği, sınıf pratik ve beğenileri bağlamında Marmaris’teki kadın butik otel yöneticilerinin diğer yöneticilerden ayrıştığı bulgulanmıştır.
A Review of Aspirin-exacerbated Respiratory Diseases and Immunological Efficacy of Aspirin Desensitization
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Hossein , Zare Maryam , Alyasin Soheila , Nabavizadeh Hesamedin , Mortazavi Negar , Kanannejad Zahra
Published: October 2022

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. It is defined by asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and a hypersensitivity reaction to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs. Aspirin desensitization (AD) has been confirmed as an effective treatment to control AERD inflammation through the modulation of immune responses. We aimed to review AERD with an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. We also discussed the effect of AD on immunological markers involved in AERD pathogenesis. A search of electronic databases on AERD was performed. We included five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on AD. We also searched databases for recent studies that investigated the effect of AD on the immunological mechanisms of AERD. RCTs have demonstrated the therapeutic effectiveness of AD on the patients’ quality of life, asthma symptom score, inhaled and oral steroid use, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and inflammatory mediators. The clinical benefits of AD can occur though the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses that are involved in the pathogenesis of AERD. In addition to the valuable effects of AD in RCTs, some side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding, asthma exacerbation, or rash have been reported that should be considered for reaching an optimal protocol for AD.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in OVA-induced Airway Remodeling Mice Model
Authors: Xu Chang , Song Yilan , Wang Chongyang , Jiang Jingzhi , Wang Zhiguang , Li Liangchang , Yan Guanghai
Published: October 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in airway remodeling by regulating immune  molecule expression. Here, we aimed to identify the differential miRNAs involved in airway remodeling.
Airway remodeling was induced by ovalbumin in female BALB/C mice. The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened with microarray. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. The miRNA target gene network and miRNA target pathway network were constructed. Verification with real-time PCR and Western blot was performed.
We identified 63 differentially expressed miRNAs (50 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated) in the lungs of ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling mice. Real-time PCR confirmed that 3 miRNAs (mmu-miR-1931, mmu-miR-712-5p, and mmu-miR-770-5p) were significantly up-regulated, and 4 miRNAs (mmu-miR-128-3p, mmu-miR-182-5p, mmu-miR-130b-3p, and mmu-miR-20b-5p) were significantly down-regulated. The miRNA target gene network analysis identified key mRNAs in the airway remodeling, such as Tnrc6b (trinucleotide repeat containing adaptor 6B), Sesn3 (sestrin 3), Baz2a(bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2a), and Cux1 (cut like homeobox 1). The miRNA target pathway network showed that the signal pathways such as MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), PI3K/Akt (phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/protein kinase B), p53 (protein 53), and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) were closely related to airway remodeling in asthma.
Collectively, differential miRNAs involved in airway remodeling (such as mmu-miR-1931, mmu-miR-712-5p, mmu-miR-770-5p, mmu-miR-128-3p mmu-miR-182-5p, and mmu-miR-130b-3p) as well as their target genes (such as Tnrc6b, Sesn3, Baz2a, and Cux1) and pathways (such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, p53, mTOR pathways) have been identified. Our findings may help to further understand the pathogenesis of airway remodeling.
Association of Gene Polymorphisms in CXC Chemokine Receptor 5 with Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility
Authors: Su Zhenzhen , Chen Lin , Niu Qian , Yang Bin , Huang Zhuochun
Published: October 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by complicated interactions between genes and the environment. CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) is required for B and T follicular helper cell migration and humoral immunity generation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether polymorphisms of the CXCR5 gene are implicated in RA development and progression.
This case-control study enrolled 285 RA patients and 291 healthy controls. The polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method was used to genotype rs630923, rs497916, rs3922, and rs676925 in the CXCR5 gene. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected retrospectively.
The rs630923 A allele was associated with a higher risk of RA (AOR [adjusted odds ratio]=2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.14–3.53). However, in the RA group, the frequency of the rs497916 T allele was lower (AOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.51–0.93). Regarding rs3922, AG+GG genotype carriers were at a significantly lower risk for RA than AA genotype carriers (AOR=0.70, 95% CI=0.49–0.99). In the RA group, we found that the different genotypes were significantly associated with specific laboratory values, including rheumatoid factor, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase.
This is the first report indicating that CXCR5 polymorphisms were associated with RA susceptibility. These findings lead to a rising possibility of identifying RA-susceptible individuals based on genetic markers.
In vitro and in vivo Evidence on Intra-tumor Injection of Allogeneic Serum for Immunotherapy in a Mouse Model of Colon Cancer
Authors: Basirat Erfan , Dehghan Danial , Abbasi Ardeshir , Pakravan Nafiseh
Published: October 2022

It is believed that preformed antibodies are responsible for blood transfusion reactions and transplant rejections. In order to remove a tumor, the tissue must be rejected. On the basis of transfusion reaction and transplantation immunology, we hypothesized that allogeneic serum can inhibit tumor growth when injected intra-tumor.
Initially, an in vitro cytotoxicity test was conducted using the C57BL/6 serum (intact or decomplemented) in combination with the BALB/c-originating CT26 cell line. The CT26 cell line was used to establish a mouse model of colon cancer. When the tumor was palpable, C57BL/6 serum was injected intra-tumor. In addition to tumor size, hypoxia, metastatic capacity, angiogenesis, and metabolic and inflammatory status, we evaluated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP)-2 and 9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, Cluster of Designation (CD) 31, CD38 and interleukin (IL)-10.
An in vitro experiment showed that heat-inactivated C57BL/6 serum had significantly lower cytotoxic effects on BALB/c-derived CT26 cells than intact C57BL/6 serum or BALB/c serum. In vivo experiments revealed that tumor size, HIF-1α, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group.. In contrast, to control animals, allogeneic serum treatment led to marked reductions in CD31, VEGF-1, CD38, and IL-10 levels.
A new approach to serum or plasma therapy and allogeneic vaccines for cancer is the intra-tumor injection of allogeneic serum. In light of the ease and availability of allogeneic immunotherapies, allogeneic serum and plasma therapy could potentially be used as an alternative monotherapy or in combination with other therapies.
Molecular Characteristics of Bladder Tumor: Increased Gene Expression of MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A11 with Decreased MicroRNA-34a and MicroRNA-125b
Authors: Aghamajidi Azin , Ousati Ashtiani Zahra , Mohsenzadegan Monireh , Tajik Nader , Ghafoori Yazdi Mahmood , Sharifi Laleh , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2022

Bladder cancer is recognized as one of the top ten most common cancers worldwide. Activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and dysregulation of androgen signaling pathways are three major pathophysiological causes in the development of bladder tumors. Discovering potential biomarkers is required for the management and immunotherapy of bladder cancer. Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A6 and MAGE-A11 are two cancer-testis antigens that are potential coregulators of androgen receptors. MicroRNAs, especially miR-34a and miR-125b are two important tumor suppressors that play a critical role in regulating different signaling pathways and inhibiting tumor development.
Twenty-nine surgical tissue biopsies were collected from patients with no preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy (26 males and, 3 females, mean age±SD: 62.4±13.3 years). Seventeen adjacent uninvolved tissues with no abnormalities upon histological examination were considered normal controls (14 males and, 3 females, mean age±SD: 64.2±7.4 years) . Quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the gene expression level of MAGE-A6, MAGE-A11, miR-34a, and miR-125b in bladder cancer biopsies.
MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A11 expressions were significantly increased in bladder tumors compared with normal tissues. However, the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-125b were significantly downregulated in bladder tumor tissues. Interestingly, the expression level of all these genes was significantly associated with tumor grade, pathological stage (pT), and muscular invasion.
MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A11 can be considered potential markers for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of bladder tumors. Furthermore, the modulation of miR-34a and miR-125b gene expression in association with increased MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A11 genes could open a new horizon in the improvement of bladder cancer.
Inhibitory Effects of Dutasteride on TLR4: An In vitro Pain Study
Authors: Taheran Leila , Zali Hakimeh , Sharifi Kazem , Yazdani Mohsen , Ajoudanian Mohammad , Safari Mir-shahram , Rajaei Samira , Dabbagh Ali
Published: October 2022

Dutasteride was potentially proposed to control chronic pain by Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibition through its effect on TLR4 expression, Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), secretory Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) in the Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated U-87 MG cell line.
The human astrocytoma U-87 MG cell line was cultured and incubated with 10 μg/mL of LPS for 24 hours to create a neuro-inflammation model, using two different treatment approaches. The first approach included LPS treatment for 24 hours, followed by dutasteride (20 μg/mL) incubation for the next 72 hours. In the second treatment approach, the cells were co-incubated with LPS and dutasteride for 72 hours. Expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, and secretory IL-1 was evaluated by Western blotting while expression of NO was assessed by NO assay.
TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, and secretory IL-1β levels increased in LPS-treated cells after 24 hours. Dutasteride significantly decreased the secretion of NO and also, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κBp65 in both treatment approaches. No difference in IL-1β level was seen with the second treatment approach.
Dutasteride has anti-inflammatory properties and probably analgesic effects, by mechanisms different from conventional analgesics.
The T Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zamani Fahimeh , Mirfakhraie Reza , Safaee Nodehi Sayyed Reza , Mollaei-Kandelous Yaghoub , Jafari Hossein , Farahmand Mohammad , Rezaei Farhad , Teymoori-Rad Majid , Movafagh Abolfazl
Published: October 2022

Immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a conditioning regimen has appeared to be a promising treatment for autoimmune diseases and hematologic malignancies. This study aimed to assess the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity in CD4+ cells of patients with hematological malignancies who received allogeneic or autologous HSCT.
The diversity of the TCR repertoire was evaluated in 13 patients with hematologic malignancies before and four months after HSCT. Amino acid changes in the 25 Vβ families were evaluated using Spectratyping and data were presented as Hamming distance (HD). HD more than 20% was considered a change in TCR repertoire after HSCT.
The mean HD was significantly changed after transplantation in all Vβ gene families, with most amino acid changes in p4 and p22 families. There was a strong negative correlation between the HD as the index of TCR repertoire and age (r=−0.62,). The results revealed no association between HD mean and parameters such as sex, disease, conditioning regimen, and type of transplantation.
Our data revealed that commonly used conditioning regimens in Iran could successfully cause TCR repertoire diversity in patients with hematologic malignancies in the short term.  The amount of change in TCR repertoire was inversely correlated with the increasing age of patients.
Online ordering and delivery of ready-to-eat foods in Ghana: a call for policy towards ensuring food safety in the service
Authors: Lawal Mohammed , Adzitey Frederick
Published: October 2022

Changes in food consumption patterns have resulted in the high demand and patronage of online food ordering and delivery services in Ghana. The attention of every individual involved in the food chain is needed to ensure food safety. Since a food delivery service and person are introduced in online food ordering and delivery services, new and unique food safety challenges and concerns are created. This paper hence investigates the food safety concerns and challenges posed by online food ordering and delivery services and further provide solutions to tackle and improve food safety in the service. Additional concerns raised by food ordering and delivery services include an absence of food transport or delivery regulation in Ghana, a lack of food safety education and training for food delivery persons as well as food fraud actions like mislabeling and substitution. To boost food safety in online food ordering and delivery services, the service should be regulated by the Ghana FDA with policies and manuals that address these food safety concerns. Food meant for delivery should be packaged well to prevent contact with insects and other contaminants. Timely delivery should be a priority to make sure delivered foods are still in the right and safe temperatures for consumption.
Prevalence and characterisation of Bacillus cereus in cooked rice retailed in Ilara-mokin, Nigeria
Authors: Blessing Oyetibo Olubukola , Hutman Ayorinde , Oluyemisi Oni Eniola
Published: October 2022

Bacillus cereus is widely distributed in different food products and causes a variety of symptoms associated with food poisoning. Rice has been suggested as a vehicle for contamination and being involved in B. cereus intoxication. Based on the aforementioned risks, studies of Bacillus cereus incidence along with its isolation and characterization are essential to establishing the safety of cooked rice. Using the selective culture technique, pure isolates of Bacillus cereus strains were characterized and identified based on cultural, and biochemical features. Characterization was done on the ability of the bacterial strains to hydrolyse casein and starch, ferment lactose, and lyse red blood cells (haemolysis). Out of the 47 samples screened, 45 isolates were detected in 14 samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin (10 μg), but were susceptible to Erythromycin (15 μg), Vancomycin (30 μg), Tetracycline (30 μg), Ampicillin (10 μg), Gentamicin (10 μg), and Chloramphenicol (30 μg). 62.2%, 64.4%, 0% and 46.7% were capable of producing amylase, protease, ferment lactose and lyse red blood cells respectively. This study shows that 14 samples out of 47 samples of cooked rice in this work has the possible risk of foodborne infections/ intoxication that occurs as a result of the possibility of the development of B. cereus in favourable conditions and consumption of these products. Basically, prevention is by proper handling of raw materials, controlling the temperature of cooking and storing rice, and personal hygiene of food handlers.
Determination of hygienic conditions of home kitchen sponges in Manisa, Turkiye
Authors: Ergönül Bülent
Published: October 2022

It is known that sponges remove the food residues from the utensils, sinks and equipment used at home kitchens. Porous kitchen sponges provide the perfect physical place for a bacterial community in this study, it was aimed to determine the hygienic conditions of sponges used in home kitchens in Manisa, Turkey. Samples were collected from 100 different addresses in Manisa city center. Results of the microbiological analysis showed that, the average total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count of samples was 6.42 log cfu/sponge, whereas total coliform and total yeast and mold counts of the samples were 1.63 log cfu/sponge and 2.12 log cfu/g respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were not detected in any of the samples. The data obtained in this study supports the previous findings of other researchers that kitchen sponges provide a hospitable environment for microorganisms.
Isolation, production and optimisation of beta-galactosidase by utilizing yeasts isolated from selected dairy products
Authors: Titilayo Afolabi Folake , Adewale Oluwaseyi Peter , Adeyemo Stella Mojisola
Published: October 2022

β-galactosidase is an enzyme that converts lactose into glucose and galactose. It alleviates the issue associated with intolerance to lactose and pollution caused as a result of milk by-products (whey). This study aimed to isolate and select yeast strains that can produce β-galactosidase from fresh milk, yoghurt and locally made cheese. A total of 115 yeasts were isolated from the samples, 9 yeast isolates had the ability to produce β-galactosidase and three (3) were selected for further analysis. β-galactosidase producers were screened using Ortho-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) assay. Kluyveromyces marxianus strain SLDY – 005 produced the highest β-galactosidase. It showed maximum enzyme activity (277U/mL) at temperature 30oC, pH 5.5, after an incubation period of 36 h. Glucose had a decrease in β-galactosidase production while yeast extract and urea were considered appropriate nitrogen sources for the best enzyme synthesis. Crude β-galactosidase produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus SLDY – 005 was purified. The partially purified enzyme after dialysis showed a specific activity of 165.12 U/mL and had a purification fold of 6.02 and yield of 45.91 %. The purified enzyme had an optimum temperature of 40oC and a pH 6.0. Kluyveromyces marxianus strain isolated from local cheese is a potential candidate for the production of βgalactosidase and it could be used for combating the problem of lactose intolerance.
Identifying the dimensions of patient privacy in intensive care units: a qualitative content analysis study
Authors: Tajdari Setareh , Irajpour Alireza , Shahriari Mohsen , Saghaei Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

In intensive care units (ICUs), patient privacy is of particular importance due to the structure of the ward environment and the critical situation of the patients. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of patient privacy in ICUs.
For this purpose, a descriptive-qualitative-exploratory study was performed. The data collection methods included observations and interviews, which were handwritten and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with a conventional approach. A total of 27 participants were selected based on purposeful sampling and with maximum diversity of health-care providers and recipients. The study environment was the ICUs of two selected hospitals affiliated to the medical sciences universities of Isfahan and Tehran, Iran. The data were analyzed into 4 classes and 12 subclasses. The classes included physical, informational, psychosocial, and spiritual- religious privacy.
Findings of the present study identified hidden layers of patient privacy as a multidimensional concept that is influenced by various factors. In order to provide holistic care, preparing the grounds for patient privacy and familiarizing the staff with its various dimensions seem necessary.
Interprofessional professionalism as a motivating force in interprofessional collaboration
Authors: Keshmiri Fatemeh , Hosseinpour Azam
Published: October 2022

Professionalism has been recognized as an essential component of inter-professional collaboration (IPC), and hence this study aimed at exploring elements of inter-professional professionalism (IPP) affecting IPC among surgery teams.
This qualitative study had been conducted from 2019 to 2021. Fifteen participants in surgery teams including surgeons, anesthesia nursing, and surgical technology nursing at hospitals of Shahid Sadoughi University were contributed to this study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through inductive content analysis, an approach introduced by Lundman and Graneheim. Data analysis process included the following: (i) Developing verbatim transcription of interview, (ii) Extracting semantic units and classifying them under the top compact unit, (iii) Summarizing and classifying the compact units and selecting appropriate labels for them, and (iv) Sorting subcategories according to their similarities and differences.
Two hundreds and forty-two codes, five sub-categories, two categories, and a theme entitled "reciprocal accountability in IPP” were extracted. The barrier category was named “weakness in accountability to team-based values" and the facilitator category was called "responsibility of maintaining empathetic relationship within the IP team".
Development of IPP and professional values (e.g., altruism, empathetic communication, and accountability to individual’s and team’s roles) can facilitate collaborative processes among different professions.
Possible Benefits of Paclitaxel Therapy for COVID-19
Authors: Pashmforosh Marzieh , Shariati Saeedeh , Aghaei Nezhad Hamideh , Haghighat Mojtaba
Published: October 2022

The Article Abstract is not available.
Prophylactic Effect of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Ataie Amin , Mansouri Razieh , Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar Hossein , Ataee Ramin , Alibabaei Fatemeh
Published: October 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which has threatened human health and public safety.
Objectives: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an anti-malaria drug with controversial antiviral properties. Some in vitro studies have approved its antiviral effects. Many efforts have been made to prevent and treat COVID-19, but effective drugs for complete eradication of COVID-19 have not been found yet and all available drugs are supportive.
Methods: We tried to review some new aspects of HCQ efficacy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Also, some data from recent clinical trials were studied. It has been shown that HCQ may improve some symptoms of patients, but in severe or critical stages, it did not have significant therapeutic effects and did not reduce the rate of mortality.
Results: In this review article, we explained some results of recent studies, including clinical trials on the effects of HCQ on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Some studies have revealed HCQ’s beneficial effects in outpatients, and some data showed its hazardous impacts on the heart. The available evidence suggests that CQ or HCQ does not improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Well-designed randomized trials are required for assessing the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ for COVID.
Conclusion: It was suggested that the dose of HCQ administration must be adjusted and monitored correctly; furthermore, the levels of some myocardial biomarkers, such as troponin must be measured in mild to moderate, severe, and critical infection. Also, combination therapy with other drugs, such as azithromycin may have better anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticoagulation Activity of Piper chaba Hunter Stem
Authors: Mahmud Sakib , Didarul Islam Azi Mohammed , Billah Morsaline , Rahman Mahbubur , Biswas Rana , Emdadul Islam Md.
Published: October 2022

Background: Piper chaba Hunter, a flowering vine of the Piperaceae family, has long been used in South Asian countries for culinary purposes and traditionally in fat-rich meat preparation. The curative potential of this herb is of great interest to be studied.
Objectives: The antioxidant and anticoagulation potential, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content, were evaluated using cold and boiled water extract separately from the dried and ground stem.
Methods: Antioxidant potential was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The anticoagulation activity was evaluated by serine protease inhibition assay and prothrombin time (PT) assay. Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent and aluminum complex (AlCl3 ) were used to assess total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, respectively.
Results: DPPH scavenging assay revealed the IC50 value of 125.52 µg.mL-1 and 157.94 µg.mL-1 for boiled and cold water extract, respectively. Potent ferric reducing potential (FRAP) was observed as 142.87 µM and 135.37 µM of ferrous equivalent per 100 µg for boiled and cold water extract, respectively. The IC50 value of serine protease inhibitory activity was found as 182 µg.mL-1 and 161.12 µg.mL-1 for cold and boiled water extract, respectively. The PT time was 27.00 min for boiled water extract and 24.68 min for cold water extract. Significant phenolic and flavonoid content was also found in the test sample.
Conclusion: P. chaba stem extract possesses potent antioxidant and anticoagulation activity, which can neutralize oxidative free radicals and have a vasodilation effect in oxidative and inflammatory diseases.
The Phytochemical Screening and Anti-cancer activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Selected Mangrove Plants
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Biswas Rana , Didarul Islam Kazi Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Background: Mangrove ecosystems have been recognized to include a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are biochemically distinct, resulting in a diverse range of natural compounds with unique bioactivity. They have active metabolites with new chemical structures from a variety of chemical classes.
Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity of four major mangrove plants (Excoecaria agallocha L., Acrostichum aureum L., Aegiceras corniculatum L., and Avicennia officinalis L.).
Methods: This experimental study was held in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Khulna University, Bangladesh, in 2016. At the first phytochemical screening of the selected plants was observed. Then, the bioactivity as preliminary cytotoxic activity was performed using brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay where a significant 50% Lethal Concentration (LC50) was exerted using polar solvent (ethanol) extract of different plant parts (leaf, bark, and stem). Then, Resazurin Cell Viability Assay was performed only for ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha using four standard bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 9150, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923).
Results: The experimental findings showed significantly strong LC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha and other plants, like A. corniculatum, A. aureum, and A. officinalis showed moderate and negligible cytotoxicity, respectively. Then, the experimental findings showed significantly (P≤0.05) strong IC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha.
Conclusion: The screens employed in this present study are preliminary and advanced assays are needed to verify and reveal further this bioactivity present in those plants, particularly E. agallocha.
Novel Possible Biomarkers for the Cardiovascular Disease Prognosis
Authors: Martín Giménez Virna Margarita , Sanz Raúl Lelio , Mazzei Luciana Jorgelina , Bonafede Roberto , Manucha Walter
Published: October 2022

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially heart failure (HF) as its common final pathway, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, oxidative and inflammatory processes represent fundamental underlying mechanisms for the development and progression of HF. Of interest, in recent years the development of markers with diagnostic and prognostic value for this pathology and other related CVD has been revalued.
Objectives:This study was done to quantify and evaluate inflammatory markers, such as ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (uCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the serum of patients with HF and to compare them with healthy individuals, also correlate the values obtained from oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability previously investigated in these patients with the coexistence or not of secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) associated with HF.
Methods: The determination of all parameters was achieved with standardized, reproducible, accurate, and affordable biochemical methods.
Results: The values obtained for uCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were following the pattern of oxidative markers previously found in these patients. These findings indicate the coexistence of oxidative stress and inflammation during HF. Of particular interest, such markers are more exacerbated when were associated with SPH, increasing its value as possible biomarkers in this pathology. However, the found levels of Hsp70 were controversial.
Conclusion: The pattern of oxidative-inflammatory markers suggests their value as possible biomarkers in this cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to assess in greater detail the importance of the relationship between serum Hsp70 expression and SPH-associated or non-SPH morbidity in HF.
Comparing the Effects of Consuming Propolis and Chicory for Eight Weeks and Resistance Training on Histopathological and Morphometric Changes of Uterine Tissue in Rats Treated With Testosterone Enanthate
Authors: Movahed Sodabeh , Akbarpour Beni Mohsen , Cheraghi Ebrahim
Published: October 2022

Background: The illegal use of anabolic and androgenic steroids is a public health problem and their side effects in women are different from the side effects observed in men.
Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of consuming propolis and chicory for 8 weeks and resistance training on histopathological and morphometric changes of the uterine tissue in rats treated with testosterone enanthate.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8): control (placebo), sham (resistance training), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate (20 mg/kg body weight), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate+chicory (6 g/kg body weight), and resistance training plus testosterone enanthate plus propolis (400 mg/kg body weight). The resistance training protocol was performed 5 sessions per week in 4 rounds with an intensity of 40% to 160% of the body weight of the mice for 8 weeks. After weighing and dissection, the uterine tissue was examined histologically.
Results: The thickness of the endometrial layer in the sham, testosterone, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the thickness of the functional layer in the sham, testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the basal layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Glands in the testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the myometrial layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone group compared to the control, sham, chicory, and propolis groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that high-intensity resistance training combined with the use of testosterone enanthate causes histopathological changes in the uterus of female rats. Meanwhile, the use of propolis and chicory can improve the effects of testosterone enanthate as a treatment option.
Molecular Characterization of a cDNA Encoding of an Anionic Cysteine-Free Antimicrobial Peptide From the Iranian Scorpion Odontobuthus Doriae Venom Glands
Authors: Jalali Amir , Mahdavinia Masoud , Galehdari Hamid , Baradaran Masoumeh , Valdi-Biranvand Davood , Soork Maryam Naderi
Published: October 2022

Background: The venom peptides from the scorpion fauna of Iran have been poorly characterized so far.
Objectives: In this study, we identified a cDNA encoding of an anionic cysteine-free antimicrobial peptide from the Iranian yellow scorpion odontobuthus doriae (O.doriae).
Methods: The cDNA sequence of an anionic antimicrobial-peptide (AMP) was determined from the venom gland cDNA library of Iranian yellow scorpion O.doriae and was named ODAMP5. This sequence was characterized by a software. Then, the structure and function of its putative peptide were predicted in a bioinformatics manner. The library was constructed from 6 scorpion venom glands. The cDNA related to ODAMP5 was isolated from one positive clone of the library.
Results: The analysis of ODAMP5 reveals a 51-residue mature peptide with an anionic property that was stable in physiological states. ODAMP5 was similar to anionic peptide Aba-2 from Androctonus bicolor and according to its structure, it can be a member of helical structure AMPs with a new type of putative conserved domain. Putative ODAMP5 has a small size which makes it convenient for synthesis.
Conclusion: Furthermore, we created a framework to express the ODAMP5 peptide for future biomedical and pharmacological studies. ODAMP5 may be a new suitable therapeutic strategy for bacterial infection among a few recognized scorpion venom peptides without disulfide bridges.
Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lepidium Sativum L. on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Khalvati Reza , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Ayatifard Mona , Habibi Emran
Published: October 2022

Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) as an organic solvent causes symptoms of acute and chronic liver injury, including necrosis, fat changes, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. Lepidium sativum contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidant components.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the hepatic protection of L. Sativum Extract (LSE) on CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity in mice. 
Methods: A total of 25 male mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=5): control (olive oil), CCl4 , and 3 LSE groups. Except for the control group, all the mice received CCl4 (50%, 0.5 mL/kg) intraperitoneally twice a week for 4 weeks. The mice in the LSE groups were treated daily with LSE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) via IP injection. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose, and liver function parameters, such as Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Glutathione (GSH) were determined. Furthermore, 0.1 g of liver tissue was removed for histochemical analysis.
Results: Significant differences were observed in GSH, ALP, AST, and ALT levels between the CCI4 and the control groups. Compared to the CCl4 group, LSE treatment significantly decreased plasma ALT (P<0.05), AST in all doses (P<0.001), and ALP in 600 mg/kg (P<0.001). In addition, LSE treatment significantly increased GSH in 400 mg/kg (P<0.01) and 600 mg/kg (P<0.001).
Conclusion: LSE has hepatic protective activity against CCl4 -induced injuries. The possible anti-hepatotoxic mechanisms may be related to the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, tannin, and coumarins in the LSE by inhibiting the free radicals mediated damage.
Successful Diflunisal Desensitization in a Transthyretin Amyloidosis Patient With Ibuprofen Allergy: A Case Report
Authors: Aw Jialing , Low Siau Hui , Lim Chuan Poh , Adrian Chan Kwok Wai
Published: October 2022

Background: Amyloid diseases are hereditary and include transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis where subunit protein mutations may occur in genes for TTR, leading to the deposition of fibrils (low molecular weight subunits (5 to 25 KD of proteins) in extracellular tissues. By reducing the formation of TTR amyloid, diflunisal, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, can preserve the quality of life and significantly reduce disease progression. We present a case of a 61-year-old male patient with a history of ibuprofen allergy, diagnosed with TTR amyloidosis, complicated with peripheral neuropathy, cardiac, and liver amyloid. He developed bilateral mild eye swelling from the ibuprofen oral provocation test. With a similar structural backbone of carboxylic acid, he could develop pseudoallergy to diflunisal with an unknown likelihood of developing an allergic reaction.
Objectives: This study aims to design successful diflunisal desensitization in a patient with TTR amyloidosis.
Methods: The patient underwent a 14-step diflunisal desensitization procedure using 2 tablets of diflunisal 500 mg that was dissolved in 40 mL of sodium bicarbonate 8.4% injection to create serial 10-fold dilutions. Oral desensitization was administered in the escalation of the doses at 30-min intervals, with a starting dose of 0.1 mg until a final dose of 250 mg was reached.
Results: The patient tolerated diflunisal desensitization and was continued on diflunisal treatment without any evidence of an allergic reaction.
Conclusion: Diflunisal desensitization can be considered in patients with a history of ibuprofen allergy if there are no available alternative treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article describing a patient with angioedema to ibuprofen who could tolerate oral diflunisal after desensitization.
Can we build theories of understanding on the basis of mirror neurons?
Authors: Pacholik-Żuromska Anita
Published: October 2022

The discovery of mirror neurons and the characterization of their response properties is certainly an important achievement in neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience. The reference to the role of mirror neurons in ‘reading’ the intentions of other creatures and in the learning process fulfils an explanatory function in understanding many cognitive phenomena beginning from imitating, towards understanding, and finishing with complex social interactions. The focus of this paper is to review selected approaches to the role of mirror neurons in mental activity as understanding, and to conclude with some possible implications for researches on mirror neurons for philosophical theories of understanding.
Nietzsche and christianity
Authors: Szklarska Anna
Published: October 2022

The article presents connections between philosophy of Nietzsche and the Christian tradition. Author's considerations are not restricted to how Nietzsche assessed Christianity and what he thought of it, but rather: did he reason aptly, did he grasp it correctly.

It is a fact that Nietzsche fights with Christianity, which does not prevent him from internalizing some Christian themes in spite of having a very superficial and incomplete picture of it. There are unquestionable differences in both doctrines such as the relationship to the issues of truth, compassion, transcendence, mercy and eternity. Nevertheless they share a large number of common elements: praise for authenticity, creativity and freedom, the ethics of dignity, the postulate of self-formation, appreciation of suffering, rejection of revenge and everything that is small and false, and finally, discipline of the will craving repetition as a confirmation of self, faithfulness to self.