bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nepal-China Bilateral Economic Cooperation Empowering Nepalese Economy
Authors: Kharel Khom Raj , Upadhyay Yadav Mani , Kharel Suman
Published: January 2022

Bilateral economic cooperation is one of means for improving economic, social and political relations between two countries. Nepal and China have been enjoying good neighborly respects and benefit since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1955. Both countries behave a good neighborhood relations and enjoyed fruitful bilateral cooperation and mutual support and following the social and economic development activities by exchanging cooperation in the areas of trade, tourism, investment and connectivity, building human capital and infrastructure and deepening people to people relations is at the center of Nepal-China bilateral relations. Within Nepal and China, there are marvelous possibilities promoting socio-economic transformation and raising the living standard of people through the mutual cooperation in the areas of mutual interest. Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is of great significance for Nepal and China. The present study is conducted with the aim of examining the economic impact of bilateral economic cooperation between Nepal and China. The impact of bilateral cooperation with China in Nepalese economy has been analyzed in terms of FDI flows, trade between Nepal, China and economic assistance from China to Nepal and tourists arrivals from China over the period of 2000-2019 by applying simple statistical tools and simple linear regression model. The results show that there have been positive influences on Nepalese economy with bilateral economic cooperation of China.
Foreign Labor Migration Causes and Impacts in Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Laxman Singh
Published: January 2022

This paper reflects the situation of foreign labour migration of Nepalese People. Globally, foreign labour migration is in increasing trends. In Nepalese context also foreign labour migration is being more important for employment mainly among unemployed people and youths who entered in labour force market. The number of foreign labour migrants and share of remittance in terms of GDP has increased. This article is based on secondary sources of information. The Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM) describes the driving forces in international migration in terms of “3Ds” (development, demography and democracy). In one side foreign labour migration has contributed to reduce poverty level and in other the income gap among migrants and non-migrants been increased. In addition, due to mail domination in foreign labour migration the role of women has been changed in households and society. It has contributed women empowerment mainly in male labour migrant’s households. Migration has occurred throughout history, and current trends certainly indicate that it will continue to increase in the future. The forces of globalization have created opportunities for greater integration of labour market globally.
Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Tourism in Nepal
Authors: Kaini Malati
Published: January 2022

This paper has focused upon the rural tourism in Nepal and the impacts of COVID-19 on its development. In Nepal tourism mostly occurs in rural environments and involves rural experiences. Wonderful rural cultures and traditional farming are attracting tourists in the rural areas. The villages of Nepal have their own unique natural and cultural dimensions. The fresh environment, natural and cultural artifacts, and the lifestyle of the local people are the main things to experience in the villages. Greatest potential benefit of rural tourism is its ability to generate money, which can translate into numerous positive economic opportunities for locals and their communities. But the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant adverse impact on most businesses including rural tourism. Before COVID-19, rural tourism had become one of the most important activities to generate income in some rural areas of Nepal. But now all activities of rural tourism are in coma. Thus, in the post COVID-19 scenario, the very survival of the rural tourism industry will become the biggest challenge because there was no specific preparedness strategy in case of any crisis of this scale. Some measures are suggested to address the challenges and help prepare the strategy.
Maintaining Ethnic Boundary: The Ethnogenesis of Madhesi Identity in Nepal Tarai
Authors: Pandey Nirodh
Published: January 2022

This article attempts to illuminate on the processes wherein diverse groups of Madhesi people of the central Tarai have been ethnicized to form a shared identity in the specific historical and socio-political context of Nepal. Drawing on the perceptions and subjective experiences of Madhesi individuals in terms of their identity, it is argued that Madhesi identity has come into being and maintained through the practices of boundary maintenance that encompasses relational processes of inclusion and exclusion. Madhesi people have re(asserted) their cultural contrast to the Pahadis and claim political autonomy of the Tarai territory where they belong for making ethnic distinction and maintaining group boundary.
Impact of Emigration in Dakshinkali Municipality
Authors: Pokharel Ram Raj
Published: January 2022

Migration refers to the process of movement from one place to another, such as crossing intra or international geographical boundaries. Sociological studies of migration are diverse. The motive for migration includes political, economic, social, and environmental cause. It is a known fact that Nepali migrants are scattered around the world and many of them are in Gulf country, followed by America and Japan. This micro level study to Dakshinkali Municipality Kathmandu District. The main objectives of this study are to study the causes of migration and its socio-economic impact of the foreign employment in the study area. The total of 71 respondents was surveyed during household questionnaire survey and altogether 6 key informants were interviewed. The trend of abroad migration for foreign employment and higher education has been increasing. Among the total 71 respondents, male migrants are maximum than the female migrants with the age group of 24-29 and 30-34. The majority of people were dependent on agriculture. Despite being farmer, most of them go to the abroad for foreign employment to maintain their living standards. Remittance was mostly used for education, pay debt and other daily accommodations and only few of them invest in land and small business. High rate of wage was the main push and pull factor. In recent years, the migration has been increasing due to increased unemployment and political conflict
EFFICIENCY OF FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS BY NEAR SURFACE MOUNTED CARBON FIBER REINFORCEMENT POLYMER RODS AND EXTERNALLY BONDED SHEETS
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, S. Abdullah Wissam , F. Hassan Hassan ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the flexural behavior of reinforcement concrete beam strengthened with different techniques. The purpose of this research to study the various techniques of strengthening and knowing the effect of each technique on the beam behavior .Ten simply supported beams tested in this study. The total length of the beams and clear span were 1800mm and 1650mm, respectively. The cross section was (180×250) mm. Tested beams were divided into two categories’ the first category consist of one beams and considered as reference, while the second category consist of nine beams divided into Two groups according to the Strengthening techniques such as near surface mounted (NSM) and external bonded reinforcement (EBR).The experimental results showed improvement in ultimate load capacity for strengthened beams ranging from (6 to 89%) for NSM and (31 to 96%) for EBR and reduction in deflection for strengthened beams ranging from (6 to 43%) as compared with reference beam. When the number and length of CFRP bars are increased, the number of cracks increase while the width of the cracks and the spacing decrease, and the same observation is made when the width of the CFRP sheet is increased. The experimental load capacities of strengthened beams were compared with the design provisions given by ACI440.2R-17 guideline for NSM and EBR technique and EC2 guideline for EBR technique, the average ratio (1.2 and 0.97) respectively ,which showed that reasonable and a good agreement for all strengthened beams.
A REVIEW TO PUNCHING SHEAR CAPACTY OF NORMAL AND HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBER CEMENTIOUSE COMPOSITES
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Abd Alhussen Liwaa , A. Al-jaberi Layth ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, F. Abbas Ra’id ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2022

The reaction of column to flat slabs may cause what is known as “punching shear stresses” when the stress is normally concentrated within the perimeter around the loaded area. In general, the reinforced concrete slabs are not designed for any shear failure due to the sudden nature of this type of failure. Many solutions can be followed to overcome such issue like increasing the depth of slab and diameter of columns. Increasing the slab thickness may add extensive dead loads and can breaks the economy justifications of this structural member. On the other hand, increasing the diameter of any column may un accepted due to architectural purposes. The high performance concrete is such type of concrete that illustrate high levels of mechanical performance “structural behavior as a consequence” if compared with normal concrete. Due to that, the high performance concrete may give good alternative an exceeds the problem of punching as a result. The basic aim of this study is to propose a brief review regarding this field of research. However, this study is divided to three parts, the first is devoted to view a suitable background about the punching shear capacity of traditional concrete slabs. The second part is registered to view the past experience in reinforced concrete slabs punching capacity and have steel fibers while the second part is devoted to present the state of art concerning the punching shear of high performance concrete slabs.
ENHANCING OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF WEB OPENING REINFORCED GEOPOLYMER BEAMS BY USING FRP STRIPS
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, H. Abbas Oday , A.Numan Hesham ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2022

This study is devoted to inspect the flexural behavior of Geopolymer reinforced concrete beams with “large” web transverse opening and strengthened by three kinds of Fiber Reinforced Polymer materials. The implemented experimental program comprised casting eight beams under static and “one stage” repeated load, two of these are normal concrete beams and the others are Geopolymer beams. These beams are divided into two groups, the first comprised four beams of solid and beams “with transvers web opening” under static load for normal and Geopolymer concrete beams. The second group are of four Geopolymer beams that one of them is “un strengthened and having transvers web opening” while the others are also have transvers web opening but strengthened by different kinds of Fiber Reinforced Polymer materials sheets that installed vertically aligned and accompanied with the 90mm diameter large circular web opening. The strengthening materials included are Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, Glass fiber Reinforced Polymer and Hybrid (one layer of Glass + one layer of Carbon) reinforced polymer sheets. The results showed that for the ultimate load capacity was decreased by 9.96% for holed normal concrete beam if compared with solid normal concrete solid beam while such capacity was decreased 2.25% and 11.89% for solid and holed Geopolymer beams respectively. In addition to that, the maximum load capacity is also decreased by 8.16%, 10.20% and 12.25% for Glass, Carbon and Hybrid fiber reinforced polymer strengthened beams if compared with reference beams “holed un strengthened beam” subjected to cyclic load.
A REVIEW OF SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE BEAMS REINFORCED BY FRP BARS
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, I. Jawad Ali AL-Sajad , F. Hassan Hassan ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, H. Kadem Mohammed ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2022

Using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) in the concrete structures was rapidly increased throughout the past two decades. Corrosion-free properties and the high ratio of strength-to-weight of the FRP reinforcement has led to the significant increase of structures’ service life. In the present work, the earlier studies that are associated with shear behaviour of the beams that have been reinforced by the FRP bars are reviewed. Many researchers have investigated shear behavior of the beams of concrete that have been reinforced by the FRP bars and determined their capacity. Some of them have per-formed experimental investigations through the testing of several beams with varying some of the parameters, whereas the others have been theoretical for estimating shear capacity of the beam. This study presents as well, a review for all of the codes and researcher equations for shear design of the beams that have been rein-forced by the FRP bars.
EFFECT OF USING SLURRY INFILTRATED FIBER CONCRETE ON THE BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CORBELS
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, K. Alqaraghouly Hajer , N. Abdul-Hameed Nibras ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2022

This paper experimentally presents the behavior and strength of slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) corbels. The program included 3 specimens in which steel fiber volume fractions were varied (6,8, and 10) %. All specimens had a constant shear span to depth ratio (a/d=0.7) and were of the same width, length, and thickness. The corbel specimens were examined under the effect of concentrated vertical load only. It was found that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and failure mode were improved with the increase in steel fiber content for all SIFCON corbels.
BEHAVIOR OF LIGHTWEIGHT SELF-COMPACTED CONCRETE USING ATTAPULGITE STONE AS AGGREGATE AND SUBJECTED TO AXIAL LOAD
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, S. Qassim Heba , K. AL-Saraj Wissam ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2022

This paper presents experimental studies of rectangular concrete beam behaviors under axial load and bending loads and investigating the possibility of producing Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete (LWSCC) by using the Attapulgite stone with a bulk density of about 776 kg/m3. The experimental work included (5) specimens which included using the silica fume by 10% and 15% as an addition to the mixture M2 and M3 . The shear span to effective depth (a/d) of beams was (2.5, 2.75, and 3.00). The test results showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of specimens containing silica fume by 15%, which was tested at 28 days. The first crack and the ultimate load were decreasing with increasing (a/d) ratios. Experimental results indicate a significant improvement in the properties of concrete and its resistance to shear stresses, as the axial load improves the shear capacity and reduces the shear failure in the (LWSCC).
L’Irlande de Beaumont : entre historie et politique françaises
Authors: Ceretta Manuela
Published: January 2022

« Mais il n’entrait point dans le plan de ce grand écrivain [Augustin Thierry] d’exposer l’état social et politique de l’Irlande, tel qu’il existe aujourd’hui»: c’est par ces mots que Gustave de Beaumont, se plaignant de l’insuffisance de sources françaises dans lesquelles il avait pu puiser pour rédiger son ouvrage, révélait ce qu’avait été son véritable objectif, ce qu’il avait voulu réaliser en écrivant le volume paru en juin 1839. Les deux tomes sur l’Irlande concernaient donc, aux dires de son auteur, le présent. L’ouvrage de Beaumont n’était pas une histoire de l’île de Saint Patrick : en effet, la longue introduction historique, qui occupe plus de deux cents pages et qui rencontrera la faveur unanime de la critique, est préparatoire et accessoire aux quatre autres parties de l’ouvrage, dont le coeur est la société irlandaise. Dans un tableau articulé, qui décrit les ombres et les lumières de la condition du pays — partant du fait le plus éclatant, c’est-à-dire sa misère — Beaumont menait une sorte d’enquête afin de comprendre la maladie qui affligeait la société irlandaise.
Les injustices révoltantes: Gustave de Beaumont and the Pre-history of Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Welch Cheryl B.
Published: January 2022

Forty years ago, Seymour Drescher argued persuasively that Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont drew throughout their public and intellectual careers on a mutual fund of research, notes, and conversations. Beyond Tocqueville’s undisputed superiority as thinker and writer, however, there remained important differences between them. If Tocqueville was the anthropologist of modem equality, Beaumont was the horrified observer of unjust inequality. His romantic and evocative style, noted Drescher, was often morally polarized: “black and white, lord and peasant, free man and slave, famine and opulence.” Moreover, Beaumont was sometimes a more faithful purveyor of facts and contemporary opinion.
L’économie américaine selon Tocqueville à l’épreuve d’Adam Smith
Authors: Bégin Christian
Published: January 2022

La Démocratie en Amérique abonde en observations untiles pout comprendre l’économie des Etats-Units. Tocqueville utilise les informations que lui fournissent ses interlocuteurs pour les mettre en cohérence avec les autres phénimenès sociaux. Il les soumet à l’exmen de sa propre raison en se fondant sur les connaissances qu’il a acquises.
Social Capital and Equality: Tocqueville’s Legacy
Authors: Ferragina Emanuele
Published: January 2022

Susanne Langer (1942), in her book philisophy in a New Key, describes how certain ideas emerge in the intellectual debate; they seem to promise that they will resolve all fundamental problems, clarify all obscure issues. “Everyone snaps them up as the open sesame of some new positive science, the conceptual centre-point around which a comprehensive system of analysis can be built” (Greerts,1973:3). The strength of these new plaradigms crowd out all other theories for a while, but after gaining familiarity with them, we realize that they cannot solve our intellectual problems and excessive popularity progressively ends. Only at this stage is a more settled reflection on a new paradigm possible. Social Capital concept, doubtless, falls into this category of ideas. After two decades of intense debare, we may analyse it without overemphasis, pointing out the importance of its emergence, its historical roots but also the limit of its use.
Peculiarities of expression indicators and accentuated personality traits in men with psoriasis without taking into account somatotype and in representatives of meso- and endo-mesomorphic somatotypes
Authors: Al-Qaraleh Obadeh Bassam Abdel-Rahman , Stepanenko V. I. , Kryvonis T. G. , Shkolnikov V. S. , Prokopenko S. V.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Exacerbation and aggravation of psoriasis increases the chances of neurosis, depression, can significantly impair mental health through social stigma and leads to social isolation and maladaptation, a significant reduction in quality of life. Studying this problem from the standpoint of comparative assessment of the distribution of character accentuations in patients with different dermatoses can provide insight into how a certain level of adequacy of psychological adaptive response is associated with organic pathological process or genetically existing expression of certain traits. The aim of the study was to found the features of indicators of expression and features of accentuated personality traits in men with psoriasis without taking into account somatotype and in representatives of meso- and endo-mesomorphic somatotypes. Men aged 22 to 35 years, patients with psoriasis (n=100, including 32 with mild and 68 with severe course) at the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases with a course of postgraduate education National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya and Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region, conducted an anthropometric survey by V. V. Bunak Estimation of the expression and features of accentuated personality traits made according to G. Shmishek The reliability of the difference between the values between the independent quantitative values was determined using the U-Mann-Whitney test. In healthy subjects, taking into account and without taking into account the somatotype, it is seen that the type of physique did not significantly affect the severity of individual traits and their combinations in this group of people. With the increase in the course of psoriasis among subjects without somatotype, there is a decrease in the percentage of persons with hyperthymic and demonstrative and an increase – with emotional, pedantic, anxious, cyclothymic, excitable, dysthymic and exalted type of character accentuation; among patients of mesomorphic somatotype there is a decrease in the percentage of people with stuck and demonstrative and an increase – with emotional, pedantic, anxious, cyclothymic, excitable, dysthymic and exalted type of character accentuation; among patients of endo-mesomorphic somatotype there is a decrease in the percentage of people with hypertension and an increase – with stuck, demonstrative and excitable type of character accentuation. All this maintains a pathologically high level of affective tension, which disrupts the autonomic balance in the body, can be a pathogenic factor in the development of psychosomatic illness and leads to ineffective treatment of psoriasis.
Secondary neurogenic prosopalgia in a neurological clinic
Authors: Symonenko H.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Prosoplgia is one of the most common pain syndromes in the craniofacial area. In the clinic practice of the facial pain treatment, neurogenic prosopalgia accounts for 25-30% of cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and functional parameters of patients with secondary neurogenic prosopalgia at neurological department. The medical histories of 21 patients (17 (81.0%) women and 4 (19.0%) men) suffered from secondary neurogenic prosopalgia were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical picture, data of general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood tests, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and ultrasonic research methods were evaluated. A preliminary comparison of retrospective patients quality indicators was assessed using simple mathematical methods. A predominant lesion of the I branch of the trigeminal nerve was shown in elderly women with postherpetic neuralgia, while other reasons of secondary neuralgia of the II and III branches of the trigeminal nerve more often caused left-sided lesions. Primary diseases included: herpetic ganglionitis, malignant tumor of the bladder with herpetic complications, sinusitis, dental diseases, meningoencephalitis, atherosclerosis of the brain vessels, concussion of the brain. The features of the clinical picture of each case were evaluated, as well as the characteristic concomitant groups of symptoms, among which were determined cephalgic, asthenoneurotic, vestibulo-atactic, vegetative dystonia, pyramidal syndromes. Among the general and functional studies carries out, attention was drawn to the increase of ESR in almost half of the patients, even without exacerbation of the primary disease, as well as the presence of metabolic disorders in the myocardium according to the electrocardiogram in 47.6% of cases, including in relatively young individuals. Thus, the problem of secondary neurogenic prosopalgia, despite the modern treatment, remains relevant.
Comparative characteristics of the results of surgical treatment of combined anorectal pathology using modern radiosurgical and high-frequency electrosurgical technologies
Authors: Balytskyy V. V.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Surgery of combined anal canal and rectal diseases requires an unconventional tactics and methods of treatment of these pathologies, which provide minimal impact on tissues, preventing postoperative complications. The purpose of the study was conduction a comparative evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of combined anorectal pathology using modern radiosurgery and electrosurgery technologies by analyzing the clinical course of the postoperative period and studying the depth of impact of these technological devices on the structure of operated tissues. The results of treatment of 635 patients with combined diseases of the anal canal and rectum, divided into four study groups, were analyzed. The control group consisted of 112 patients operated with a surgical scalpel. After surgery 30 patients from each study group underwent morphological investigation of rectal and anal tissues for measurement of the thickness of thermal impacts on them, which was performed using an eyepiece-micrometer scale. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using IBM SPSS STATISTICS SUBSCRIPTIONAL TRIAL software. License number: L-CZAA-BHG85V. The following are used in the work: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with Lilliefors and Shapiro-Wilk correction, Levene's criterion at p<0.05; applied one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni test; used the Welch test and the Brown-Forsyth test, the Games-Howell test; used the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney test. It is established that due to the minimal and shallow impact on the tissues during application of electrosurgery devices “KLS Martin”, “EFA” and “ERBE ICC 200”, as well as radiosurgery device “Surgitron”, there were no detected neither scar anal strictures in any of the four study groups nor scarring deformities of the pararectal areas, which contributed to the cosmetic nature of the combined operations and caused rapid rehabilitation of patients in the study groups. In the control group in 2 (1,8%) patients diagnosed the formation of scar anal stricture which required conservative (1 patient) and operative (1 patient) measures to eliminate them. Using of modern radiosurgical and electrosurgical technologies for the treatment of combined anal and rectal diseases reduces the duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain and prevents scar strictures of the anal canal.
Possibilities of predicting lesions of the hepatobiliary system in children with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Dudnyk V. M. , Khromykh K. V. , Pasik V. Yu.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. The prognostic criteria of complications of community-acquired pneumonia and the possibility of developing disorders of the hepatobiliary system (HBS) depending on the concentration in the serum of the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) were studied. The data of clinical and laboratory examination of 338 children with community-acquired pneumonia aged from one to three years were analyzed. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the system “IBM SPSS Statistica” 12 using parametric and non-parametric methods. It was found that in young children with pneumonia in the serum increases the concentration of SLPI, the level of which depends on the course and severity of pneumonia. It has been shown that the development of lobar pneumonia is significantly higher in patients from the SLPI cohort IV quartile (OR – 1.986, 95% CI – 1.864-2.356), compared with children from the cohort SLPI II and III quartile (OR – 0.476, 95% CI – 0.405- 0.559, OR – 0.494, 95% CI – 10.423-0.576, respectively). At the same time, at the values of SLPI at the level of III-IV quartile (OR – 1.923, 95% CI – 1.457-1.866) there is the development of community-acquired pneumonia. It was found that the development of pathological processes in the organs of HBS is associated with increased levels of SLPI. Thus, patients with polysegmental pneumonia and SLPI III/IV quartile (OR – 2.190, 95% CI – 1.810-2,754) are twice as likely to develop pathology of the hepatobiliary system than children with SLPI I/II quartile (OR – 1.153, 95% CI – 1.071-1.527). The established fact indicates the involvement of SLPI in the pathogenesis not only of pneumonia, but also in disorders of HBS.
Features of the structural state of the myocardium in patients with myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation depending on the nature of the anatomical lesion of the coronary arteries
Authors: Maslovsky V. Yu.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. In Ukraine, one of the most pressing medical and social problems is coronary heart disease, in particular, such a form as myocardial infarction. Also, as in most countries, coronary heart disease plays a leading role in morbidity and mortality. In Ukraine, coronary heart disease accounts for 65% of the mortality from diseases of the circulatory system of the working population and is the main cause of disability. The aim of the work is to determine the features of the structural and functional state of the myocardium in patients with myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation depending on the nature of the anatomical lesion of the coronary arteries. We conducted a comprehensive study of 200 patients with acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) aged 38 to 80 years. According to coronary angiography, the degree of damage to the coronary arteries was determined, and according to echocardiography – the structural and functional state of the myocardium. Comparison of percentages between groups was performed by the criterion χ2, absolute values – by Mann-Whitney U test. The structural condition of the left ventricular myocardium in NSTEMI patients deteriorated significantly. The total severity of coronary artery disease, calculated from coronary angiography, was> 3, indicating a more severe anatomical lesion of the coronary arteries in these patients. This pathology was associated primarily with an increase in the incidence of eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy. A similar association has been established with regard to the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
Transformation of psychophysiological characteristics in practically healthy and patients with hypertension of the I stage military pilots. Message II. Hidden factors that affect the formation of the ability of pilots with different health conditions
Authors: Kalnysh V. V. , Trinka I. S. , Pashkovsky S. M. , Koval N. V. , Tyshchenko V. K. , Bomk O. V.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the transformation of professionally important psychophysiological qualities of military pilots who are practically healthy and patients with stage I hypertension. The article highlights the hidden factors that contribute to the performance of a military pilot. These factors make it possible to explain the peculiarities of the mechanisms of organization of working capacity in practically healthy and patients with hypertension and stage I military pilots. Special decision-making rules have been developed, which make it possible to state that even small changes in the state of health that occur during the development of stage I hypertension are appropriately reflected in the level of psychophysiological functions on the basis of which it is possible to distinguish with a probability of 77.5%. The degree of connection between the state of health of military pilots and the level of their psychophysiological characteristics was assessed. Recommendations for taking into account cognitive changes in pilots of patients with stage I hypertension have been developed. It is established that stage I hypertension affects the structure of correlations of psychophysiological functions of the body, which shows the difference in the mechanisms of regulation of these functions in the development of the disease. It is shown that even practically healthy military pilots have different levels of mental capacity and can show their psychophysiological qualities in different ways, especially in extreme conditions. In addition, it was found that hypertension makes about a third of the surveyed sick pilots more active, which, in turn, increases the physiological cost of professional activities, to reduce which requires periodic treatment and prevention and rehabilitation measures.
Differential inequality and non-oscillation of fourth order differential equation
Authors:   KIMEP University, Kalybay A.A. , Baiarystanov A.O. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2022

The oscillatory theory of fourth order differential equations has not yet been developed well enough. The results are known only for the case when the coefficients of differential equations are power functions. This fact can be explained by the absence of simple effective methods for studying such higher order equations. In this paper, the authors investigate the oscillatory properties of a class of fourth order differential equations by the variational method. The presented variational method allows to consider any arbitrary functions as coefficients, and our main results depend on their boundary behavior in neighborhoods of zero and infinity. Moreover, this variational method is based on the validity of a certain weighted differential inequality of Hardy type, which is of independent interest. The authors of the article also find two-sided estimates of the least constant for this inequality, which are especially important for their applications to the main results on the oscillatory properties of these differential equations.
Nonpotentiality of a diffusion system and the construction of a semi-bounded functional
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Savchin V.M. , Huyen L.T.
Published: January 2022

The wide prevalence and the systematic variational principles are used in mathematics and applications due to a series of remarkable consequences among which the possibility to establish the existence of the solutions of the initial equations, and the determination of stable approximations of the solutions of the considered equations by the so-called variational methods. In this connection, it is natural for a given system of equations to investigate the problem of the existence of its variational formulations. It can be considered as the inverse problem of the calculus of variations. The main goal of this work is to study this problem for a diffusion system of partial differential equations. A key object is the criterion of potentiality. On its ground, the nonpotentiality of the operator of the given boundary value problem with respect to the classical bilinear form is proved. This system does not admit a matrix variational multiplier of the given form. Thus, the diffusion system cannot be deduced from the classical Hamilton’s principle. We posed the question that whether there exists a functional semi-bounded on solutions to the boundary value problem. We have done the algorithm of the constructive determination of such a functional. The main value of constructed functional action will be in applications of direct variational methods.
On the solutions of some fractional q-differential equations with the Riemann-Liouville fractional q-derivative
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University, Shaimardan S. , Tokmagambetov N.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov
Published: January 2022

This paper is devoted to explicit and numerical solutions to linear fractional q-difference equations and the Cauchy type problem associated with the Riemann-Liouville fractional q-derivative in q-calculus. The approaches based on the reduction to Volterra q-integral equations, on compositional relations, and on operational calculus are presented to give explicit solutions to linear q-difference equations. For simplicity, we give results involving fractional q-difference equations of real order a > 0 and given real numbers in q-calculus. Numerical treatment of fractional q-difference equations is also investigated. Finally, some examples are provided to illustrate our main results in each subsection.
Fractional Integral Inequalities for Some Convex Functions
Authors:   Uluda˘g University, Bayraktar B.R. , Attaev A.Kh. ,   IAMA KBSC RAS
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we obtained several new integral inequalities using fractional Riemann-Liouville integrals for convex s-Godunova-Levin functions in the second sense and for quasi-convex functions. The results were gained by applying the double Hermite-Hadamard inequality, the classical Holder inequalities, the power mean, and weighted Holder inequalities. In particular, the application of the results for several special computing facilities is given. Some applications to special means for arbitrary real numbers: arithmetic mean, logarithmic mean, and generalized log-mean, are provided.
A hybrid algorithm for solving inverse boundary problems with respect to intermediate masses on a beam
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modelling, Aniyarov A.A. , Jumabayev S.A. ,   Institute of Management, Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nurakhmetov D.B. ,   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modelling, Kussainov R.K. ,   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modelling,   Shakarim University of Semey
Published: January 2022

The inverse problem of determining the weight of three intermediate masses on a uniform beam from the known three natural frequencies has been solved. The performed numerical analysis allows restoring the value of only the second mass in a unique way. The inverse problem of determining the weight of three intermediate masses is solved uniquely except in the case when the first and the third masses are located geometrically symmetric relative to the middle of the beam. The hybrid algorithm for the unique solving inverse problem of determining the weight of three intermediate masses has been developed. The first three natural frequencies of the beam are calculated numerically by using the Maple computer package. Analytical relations between the masses are found.
Asymptotics solutions of a singularly perturbed integro-differential fractional order derivative equation with rapidly oscillating coefficients
Authors:   National Research University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Bobodzhanova M.A. , Kalimbetov B.T. ,   Kh.A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Bekmakhanbet G.M. ,   Kh.A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the regularization method of S.A.Lomov is generalized to the singularly perturbed integrodifferential fractional-order derivative equation with rapidly oscillating coefficients. The main goal of the work is to reveal the influence of the oscillating components on the structure of the asymptotics of the solution to this problem. The case of the absence of resonance is considered, i.e. the case when an integer linear combination of a rapidly oscillating inhomogeneity does not coincide with a point in the spectrum of the limiting operator at all points of the considered time interval. The case of coincidence of the frequency of a rapidly oscillating inhomogeneity with a point in the spectrum of the limiting operator is called the resonance case. This case is supposed to be studied in our subsequent works. More complex cases of resonance (for example, point resonance) require more careful analysis and are not considered in this work.
On a nonlocal problem for a fourth-order mixed-type equation with the Hilfer operator
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Kadirkulov B.J. , Jalilov M.A. ,   Ferghana State University
Published: January 2022

The present work is devoted to the study of the solvability questions for a nonlocal problem with an integrodifferential conjugation condition for a fourth-order mixed-type equation with a generalized RiemannLiouville operator. Under certain conditions on the given parameters and functions, we prove the theorems of uniqueness and existence of the solution to the problem. In the paper, given example indicates that if these conditions are violated, the formulated problem will have a nontrivial solution. To prove uniqueness and existence theorems of a solution to the problem, the method of separation of variables is used. The solution to the problem is constructed as a sum of an absolutely and uniformly converging series in eigenfunctions of the corresponding one-dimensional spectral problem. The Cauchy problem for a fractional equation with a generalized integro-differentiation operator is studied. A simple method is illustrated for finding a solution to this problem by reducing it to an integral equation equivalent in the sense of solvability. The authors of the article also establish the stability of the solution to the considered problem with respect to the nonlocal condition.
What We Need to Do to Improve Our Immune System Despite the Use of Vaccination for COVID-19?
Authors: Wei Ling Huang
Published: January 2022

In our daily practice, we have heard more and more frequent reports of people infected with SARS-CoV-2, even having received one or two doses of vaccine for COVID-19. In the article written by Angel et al. (2021) entitled Association Between Vaccination with BNT162b2 and Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Health Care Workers, the authors concluded that the effectiveness of the vaccine in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced the incidence of this infection if you compared with unvaccinated health care worker. But the incidence was not reduced in the asymptomatic health care workers, where they found that vaccinated people were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 if compared to unvaccinated people.
Clinical and USG Findings of Patients Presented with Breast Pain
Authors: Ashikur Rahaman H. N. , Chinnikatti Shravana Kumar
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Breast pain also known as mastalgia is the dull acne in the breast, cause is multifactorial. It can affect any age group. Breast cancer is the most common site-specific cancer in women and is the leading cause of death from cancer for women aged 20-59 years worldwide. In India, breast cancer has ranked number one cancer among females, with age adjusted incidence as high as 25.8 per 100,000 women and mortality 12.7 per 100,000 women. Objective: To find out the Clinical and USG Findings of Patients Presented with Breast Pain. Settings and Design: Prospective cross-sectional descriptive study. Materials and Methods: Patients with complaints of breast pain in the age group 15 to 60 years with clinically no palpable mass attending to the Dept. of Clinical Oncology, Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2020 to December 2020 were included in the study. Detailed history with particular reference to age, duration of symptoms, Size, menstruation, marital status, parity, lactation, Nipple discharge and tenderness are recorded. Pain intensity was evaluated as mild, moderate and severe. Ultrasound of the breast including the axilla was done for all cases and findings recorded to correlate with clinical features. Results: Out of 90 patients studied, majority was in the age group (21-30) years, (43%) followed by (31-40 years) (40%) respectively. 57(63%) were married and 33(43%) were single. 21 patients had 1 child, 18 had 2 children with 6 of them having no children. Out of 90 patients only 3 attained menopause, rest of them have their monthly cycles. 51 patients had cyclical breast pain and 39 had noncyclical breast pain, 39 had pain on right breast, 36 on left side and bilateral in 15 patients. Pain was mild in 15 patients, moderate in 27 patients and severe in 6 patients. Various USG findings of the affected breast were normal study in 48 patients followed by duct ectasia and hetrogenous ectogenicity fibroadenosis, small cystic lesion and enlarged axillary lymph nodes etc. Conclusion: The study results show that majority of patients with breast pain without clinically palpable lump had normal USG study. But it also detects other early changes in the breast tissue. It can be used as a baseline investigation for any breast pain without palpable lump.
Uterine Carcinosarcoma after Prolonged Antiestrogenic Therapy-Pathohistological Characteristics, Immunohistichemical Analysis, Prognosis and Complex Treatment: A case report with literature review
Authors: Marinova Lena , Yordanova Bistra , Evgeniev Nikolay
Published: January 2022

Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a rare aggressive neoplasm.We present a clinical case with UCS, developed during along-term five years adjuvant tamoxifen treatment and ovarian suppression with LHRH agonist on the occasion of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Crucial for obtaining diagnosis of this rare aggressive neoplasm is the strict pathohistological and immunohistochemical analysis, carried out by an experienced pathologist. Every patient with a history of breast carcinoma is a subject for periodic monitoring. Genital bleeding is required to perform a separated endometrial abrasion with a precise histological study. For UCS / III C2 FIGO stage without distant metastases is necessary to conduct a maximal surgical tumor reduction, involving ever total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, peritoneal cytology, and omentectomy, followed by a combined simultaneous chemo-radiotherapy of tumor bed and pelvic lymph nodes, definitive radiotherapy of para-aortical lymph nodes, as well as adjuvant chemotherapy.
Are anti-CTL4 and anti-PD-1 an effective biomarker in immunotherapy?
Authors: Vural Hasibe
Published: January 2022

The task of the immune system is to prevent foreign organisms from entering the body, if microbes have entered the body, to destroy them, to prevent or delay their spread. One of the most important features of the immune system is that it has the ability to recognize and distinguish millions of different microbes that are foreign to it. The immune system, like the brain, evaluates and synthesizes the situation, which is this breeding organ, and produces different training and special responses to microbes, cancer. This is a feature that does not exist in any system or organ except the brain and immune system. In summary, the task of the immune system is to protect the essence of the individual. For this reason, he knows himself first and does not harm the essence. In this context, it can be said that the immune system spends as much effort on self-knowledge as it does on fighting the enemy. This rewiev article is intended to provide an overview of the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways and the description of their efficacy in cancer therapy or immunotherapy.