bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Solution Processable Single‐Emitting‐Layer White Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Fan Peng , Hua Lei , Lai Xiaoyi , Ni Hua‐Xiu , Zhu Weiguo , Zheng You‐Xuan , Wang Yafei
Published: November 2024

Achieving efficient circularly polarized white organic light‐emitting diode (CP‐WOLED) remains a significant challenge. In this study, a proof‐of‐concept for realizing CP‐WOLED is proposed using an electroplex emission strategy between a chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter and hole‐transporting material. A series of chiral polymers (R/S)‐E‐x (x = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1) are designed and prepared via random copolymerization of a chiral chromophore and styrene moiety, which shows typical TADF character. The neat film of (R/S)‐E‐0.1 presents distinct chiroptical properties with a dissymmetry factor (|glum|) of 2.8 × 10−3. Notably, solution‐processable, single‐emitting‐layer CP‐WOLEDs are fabricated using these chiral polymers in combination with 1,1‐bis[(di‐4‐tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) as the emitter, achieving a record maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.1% and Commission Internationale de lʹeclairage coordinate of (0.36, 0.40). Importantly, these CP‐WOLEDs exhibit an impressive |gEL| value of 2.4 × 10−3. This research provides a straightforward and effective strategy for the realization of high‐performance CP‐WOLED.
Atomic Scale Cooperativity of Alloy Nanostructures for Efficient Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia in Neutral Media
Authors: Xiong Yuecheng , Sun Mingzi , Wang Shiyu , Wang Yunhao , Zhou Jingwen , Hao Fengkun , Liu Fu , Yan Yan , Meng Xiang , Guo Liang , Liu Yuqian , Chu Shengqi , Zhang Qinghua , Huang Bolong , Fan Zhanxi
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) offers a route to balanced nitrogen cycle and sustainable ammonia production. However, unsatisfied performance in neutral media arising from competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and inefficient hydrogenation impede the further applications of NO3RR. Herein, the rational design of RuNi alloy nanostructures is reported. Benefited from the synergism effect between Ru and Ni, Ru20Ni80 alloy exhibits a high NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 98.02% at −0.35 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and a large NH3 yield rate of 27.88 mg mgcat−1 h−1 at −0.65 V (vs RHE). Importantly, the atomic scale cooperation between Ru and Ni active sites endows RuNi alloy a close‐to‐unity NH3 selectivity via HNO* pathway. Theoretical calculations have revealed that the interactions between Ru and Ni optimize the electronic structures of Ru20Ni80 alloy, where Ru sites with enhanced electroactivity improve the generation of active hydrogens and more electron‐rich Ni sites facilitate the reduction of nitrate. Accordingly, the adsorption strengths of key intermediates become stronger and the energy barriers of NO3RR are reduced to guarantee efficient NO3RR. Furthermore, a flow‐type reactor coupled with coprecipitation is established to achieve continuous NH3 generation and recovery as struvite.
A Lightweight Ultra‐Wideband Metasurface Microwave Absorber
Authors: Dong Fu‐Yan , Niu Chuanning , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang An , Duan Kun , Zhao Junming , Zhu Weiren , Hou Zhongyu
Published: November 2024

Wideband microwave absorbers hold significant importance in both civilian and military fields. In this paper, a lightweight ultra‐wideband metasurface microwave absorber that covers a frequency range from the ultrahigh‐frequency band to Ku band is presented. The absorber consists of three layers of periodically arranged fourfold rotationally symmetric indium tin oxide (ITO) patterned structures and a reflective surface at the bottom layer separated by polymethacrylimide (PMI) spacers. Such a design enables the absorber to achieve a lightweight construction. The experimental results demonstrate that the absorber exhibits an absorptivity >90% in the 1.3–13.3 GHz band, with a corresponding fractional bandwidth of up to 164.4%. Additionally, the designed absorber features a remarkably lightweight performance with volume density relative to wavelength (VDRW) of just 6.71 mg cm−3. Furthermore, attributed to its fourfold rotationally symmetric design, the absorber also exhibits polarization insensitivity and excellent angular stability. These unique properties render the proposed wideband absorber highly suitable for a variety of practical applications after reasonable adjustment and optimization.
Surface Phonons and Possible Structural Phase Transition in a Topological Semimetal PbTaSe2
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Kumar Pradeep
Published: November 2024

Topological insulators are characterized by protected gapless surface or edge states but insulating bulk states which is due to the presence of spin‐orbit interactions and time‐reversal symmetry. Here, an in‐depth investigation of a topological nodal line semimetal PbTaSe2 via temperature, polarization dependent Raman spectroscopy, and temperature dependent single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) measurements is reported. The analysis shows signature of electron‐phonon coupling as reflected in the Fano asymmetry in line shape of M1‐M4 modes and anomalous temperature variation of line‐width of P3‐P4 modes. Further polarization dependent phonon symmetry changes at different temperature (6K and 300K), discontinuities in bulk phonon dynamics for P2‐P5 modes, and disappearance of phonon modes, i.e., M1‐M5, on decreasing temperature indicates toward a thermally induced structural phase transition which is also supported by the SC‐XRD results. Hence based on the findings, it is proposed that M1‐M4 modes are surface phonon modes, the material undergoes a thermally induced structural phase transition from α to β phase at Tα→β ≈ 150 K or is in close proximity to the β phase and another transition below TCDW+β ≈ 100K which is possibly due to the interplay of remanent completely commensurate charge density wave (CCDW) of 1H‐TaSe2 and β phase.
Reaction of a Nitrosyl Complex of Co(II)‐Porphyrin with Hydrogen Peroxide: Formation of a Porphyrin Radical Cation
Authors: Samanta Bapan , Saha Shankhadeep , Ghosh Riya , Maity Sayani , Mondal Biplab
Published: November 2024

A nitrosyl complex of Co(II)‐porphyrinate, [CoII(TTMPP2−)(NO)], 1 [TTMPPH2=5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin] having {Co(NO)}8 configuration has been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically as well as structurally. Complex 1 in dichloromethane:acetonitrile (1 : 4, v/v) solution at −40 °C reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to result in the corresponding nitrite (NO2−) complex, [CoIII(TTMPP2−)(NO2−)], 2. The formation of a Co(III)‐peroxynitrite intermediate is presumed in this reaction based on the characteristic phenol ring nitration test. From spectroscopic studies, formation of [CoIV=O] species followed by a Co(III)‐porphyrin radical complex was observed during the course of the reaction.
Adaptive prescribed‐time control for nonlinear systems with uncertain time‐varying parameters and control gains
Authors: Ji Yulong , Niu Ben , Gao Yahui , Zhang Baoyi , Zhao Xudong
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the adaptive prescribed‐time dynamic surface control (PTDSC) problem for a class of nonlinear strict‐feedback systems with uncertain time‐varying parameters and unknown control gains. First, the spatiotemporal transformation method is employed to eliminate the effect of the unknown control gains in the nonlinear systems. Then, to deal with the problem of “complexity explosion” in the backstepping design framework, a novel dynamic surface control (DSC) strategy is proposed by adding a time‐varying gain to the nonlinear filter. Furthermore, under the Lyapunov stability theory, the rational adaptive laws are cleverly designed to eliminate the influence of the unknown time‐varying parameters. The PTDSC strategy proposed in this paper can guarantee that all the states of the nonlinear systems and the estimate errors of the nonlinear filters converge to zero within the prescribed time. Lastly, a simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Health utility value of overactive bladder in Japanese older adults
Authors: Yoshioka Takashi , Omae Kenji , Funada Satoshi , Minami Tetsuji , Goto Rei
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To determine the health utility values (HUVs) of overactive bladder (OAB), defined as urinary urgency, usually accompanied by urinary daytime or nocturnal frequency, with or without urinary incontinence, among adults aged ≥65 years and to assess the HUV decrements (disutilities) of OAB according to its severity.

Methods

This cross‐sectional Internet‐based study was conducted between 2 and 9 November 2023, with quota sampling with equal probability for each sex and age group (age 65–74 years and ≥75 years). OAB was defined as an urgency score of ≥2 points and a total score of ≥3 points based on the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score. OAB severity was categorized as mild (total score, ≤5 points) or moderate‐to‐severe (total score, 6–15 points). HUVs were measured using the EuroQol five‐dimension five‐level value set for the Japanese population. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate the covariate‐adjusted disutilities of OAB. We selected eight covariates (age, sex, body mass index, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, and comorbidities) as potential confounders based on previous studies. The sample size was determined based on previous studies without statistical power calculations.

Results

Among the 998 participants (51.9% male; mean age, 73.2 years), 158 (15.9%) had OAB, of whom 87 (8.8%) had moderate‐to‐severe OAB. The mean HUVs for participants with mild and moderate‐to‐severe OAB were 0.874 and 0.840, respectively, which were lower compared with the HUV for those without OAB (0.913). After adjusting for relevant covariates, disutilities (95% confidence intervals [CIs] and p values) for mild and moderate‐to‐severe OAB were −0.0334 (−0.0602 to −0.0066, p = 0.014) and −0.0591 (−0.0844 to −0.0339, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Consistent with previous HUV studies on OAB, our results demonstrated that the prevalence of OAB was associated with substantially lower HUV. The results demonstrate that increased OAB severity is associated with greater disutility.
Epidemiology of Macrocephaly in the Texas Birth Defects Registry, 1999–2019
Authors: Allred Rachel P. , Aguilar‐Martinez J. , Howell R. , Betancourt Dayana , Marengo Lisa , Dixon A. , Jeon H. , Yantz C. , Kilburn M. , Drummond‐Borg Margaret , Nguyen Joanne , Arena Fernando , Shumate Charles
Published: November 2024

Background

Macrocephaly is a clinical observation denoted as an occipitofrontal head circumference exceeding two standard deviations above same age and sex norms. By its definition, macrocephaly occurs in approximately 3% of the population. Descriptive epidemiologic evaluations of macrocephaly are lacking in the literature. The primary objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of macrocephaly captured by the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR) by infant sex, rural/urban residence, and select maternal characteristics.

Methods

Cases of TBDR between 1999 and 2019 with a six‐digit Centers for Disease Control modified‐British Pediatric Association (BPA) code of 742.400 (enlarged brain/head, large head, macrocephaly, megalencephaly) were identified. All pregnancy outcomes and diagnostic certainties were included. Prevalence (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a Poisson table by rural/urban residence, infant sex, maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, history of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). Prevalence calculations were repeated across multiple sensitivity analyses including (1) definite, isolated cases excluding those with indication of being either “benign” or “familial”, (2) definite, non‐isolated cases, (3) definite non‐isolated cases excluding chromosomal and syndromic cases, and (4) definite, proportionate (at birth) cases. A secondary objective was to describe the most common co‐occurring congenital defects among definite, non‐isolated cases.

Results

Overall, between 1999 and 2019, 14,637 cases of macrocephaly were identified in the TBDR resulting in a prevalence of 18.12/10,000 live births (95% CI: 17.83–18.42). Most cases were live born (99%), had a definite diagnosis (87%), and were non‐isolated (57%). Prevalence was significantly higher among males, among those with an urban residence, and among mothers who were older, Non‐Hispanic White, who had greater than high school education, who had a history of diabetes, and who were obese. Prevalence patterns remained consistent across all sensitivity analyses. The most common co‐occurring congenital defects among definite, non‐isolated cases were minor and primarily included skull and facial bone anomalies (e.g., plagiocephaly [18%]).

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic evaluation of macrocephaly in a birth defects registry. The long‐term clinical impact of isolated macrocephaly is not well understood and should be the focus of future investigations.
Improving the learning experience in an undergraduate course on microbial metabolism by using an illustrated story
Authors: McKinlay James B. , Kearns Katherine
Published: November 2024

In the classroom, metabolism is often approached and received as a mundane exercise in memorization. Teaching metabolism also faces the challenge of negative perceptions that can impede learning. We sought to improve the learning experience in an undergraduate lecture course on microbial metabolism by implementing an illustrated story that follows an Escherichia coli cell during a cholera outbreak. Feedback from students, compiled over four semesters of relatively minimal intervention, suggests that attitudes improved. Most students also thought that storytelling helped them learn. Exam scores suggested that the story could have had a positive performance impact for some questions that required students to apply correct details to specific situations. Our results suggest that a story could improve the learning experience in a course on a traditionally unpopular topic by both improving emotional responses to the subject matter and by providing a familiar framework upon which to contextualize details.
Circular Economy Adoption in Manufacturing Firms: Evidence From Germany
Authors: Leal Gerusa Giménez , de Castro Vila Rodolfo , Dorado Alexandra Barón , Jäger Angela
Published: November 2024

This paper analyses Circular Economy (CE) practices adopted by manufacturing firms and explores whether the decision to adopt these practices differs in relation to manufacturing sector, company size, or having Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in place. Empirical data from 1191 German manufacturing firms was used to show that the circular practices companies adopt most are framed mainly within Recovery Field of Action (FA), followed by Distribution and Use. Findings highlight differences between sectors and point to a correlation between company size or having an EMS and a higher level of CE adoption, emphasising the need to tailor CE strategies to specific industrial sectors and company size, and highlighting the role EMS plays in facilitating the adoption of CE.
Misdiagnosed for 14 Years: Adenosine Deaminase 2 (ADA2) Deficiency in a Teen Mimicking Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: Zarafshani Mohammadkian , Avateffazeli Masoume , Taba Seyed Masoud Moeini , Faghihi Reihaneh , Hezaveh Sara Beikmohamadi , Ziaee Vahid , Tahghighi Fatemeh , Loghman Maryam
Published: November 2024

The deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the ADA2 gene (previously the CECR1 gene) on chromosome 22q11. The clinical spectrum of the disease is remarkably broad, and its presentations mimic features of polyarteritis nodosa, such as livedoid rash, hematological abnormalities (e.g., cytopenia), early‐onset stroke, hypogammaglobulinemia, and systemic inflammation. Early diagnosis and treatment of DADA2 are crucial, as the clinical features could be potentially life‐threatening but treatable. In this study, a 17‐year‐old male patient is reported with DADA2 whose symptoms mimic those of polyarteritis nodosa. A 17‐year‐old male patient presented with a 14‐year history of abdominal pain, hypertension, and cutaneous lesions initially attributed to polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). He was referred to our center due to ongoing abdominal pain. An abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scan with contrast revealed a retroperitoneal hemorrhage compressing the left kidney. Given his history of abdominal pain, hypertension, hemiparesis, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), anemia, cutaneous lesions, and retroperitoneal hemorrhage, DADA2 was suspected, and a genetic test confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with anti‐TNF (Adalimumab) was initiated, resulting in noticeable improvement. In the follow up, fever, abdominal pain and TIA episodes were subsided and now he has a good clinical condition. Considering DADA2 and conducting a broad screening for other manifestations is recommended for patients presenting with PAN‐like symptoms. These patients may become symptomatic later in life, and early diagnosis allows for the consideration of disease‐specific treatment options.
Development of a deep neural network and empirical model for predicting local gas holdup profiles in bubble columns
Authors: Uribe Sebastián , Alalou Ahmed , Cordero Mario E. , Al‐Dahhan Muthanna
Published: November 2024

Estimating local gas holdup profiles in bubble columns is key for their performance evaluation and optimization, as well as for design and scale‐up tasks. Up to the current day, there are important limitations in the accuracy and range of applicability of the available models in literature. Two alternatives for the prediction of such local fields can be found in the application of empirical models and the development of deep neural networks (DNN). The main drawback preventing the application of these techniques in previous years was the availability of a large enough databank of local gas holdup experimental measurements. Advances over the last decades in measurement techniques have resulted enough data reported in literature to gather a significative databank for these models' development. A databank containing 1252 experimental points was gathered and used for the development of a quadratic model and a DNN with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) algorithm as the activation function and the adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) algorithm as the optimizer function. The quadratic model and the DNN allowed a highly accurate prediction of the local gas holdup profiles, exhibiting a MSE of 0.0013 and 0.0010, respectively, and an and for the quadratic model and the DNN, respectively. Furthermore, these developed models allowed for the estimation of the single and multi‐feature effects of the operation conditions, geometrical characteristics, and physical properties of the fluids, over the local gas holdup profiles. The two developed models exhibited an enhanced predictive quality when compared with other models available in literature.
Poly(p‐Phenyleneethynylene)s‐Based Sensor Array for Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases
Authors: Kuang Yongbin , Ni Weiwei , Liu Han , Han Jinsong
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the mammalian taste and olfactory systems, array‐based pattern recognition technology has demonstrated significant potential in discerning subtle differences between highly similar compounds and complex mixtures, owing to their unique parallel detection mechanism based on cross‐reactive signals. While optical sensor array has been extensively employed in the field of chemical sensing, they encounter significant challenges in non‐specific recognition of multiple analytes at low concentrations, particularly in rife environments with complex interferences. Poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) offer substantial advantages in detecting multi‐analytes at low concentrations, owing to its distinctive optical properties, including the “molecular wire” effect, fluorescence super‐amplification and super‐quenching. This is particularly promising for the parallel detection of ultra‐low concentration multi‐biomarkers in clinical diseases. As the continuous development of PPEs sensor array, more sensitive methods for rapid detection of clinical disease will be further developed. It will promote the further development of the field of early diagnosis of clinical diseases.
Design of Circularly Polarized Koch Snowflake Fractal Antenna With Schottky Band Diode Rectifiers for RF Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Sathiyapriya T. , Sudhakar R.
Published: November 2024

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting has recently become an effective way of powering wireless devices, reducing the requirement of batteries along with their related storage as well as lifespan restrictions. One of the main obstacles to RF energy harvesting is the limited quantity of energy that can be obtained from wireless sources due to weak signal strength, low efficiency, and poor gain. To address these shortcomings, the proposed method is designed based on the circularly polarized Koch snowflake fractal antenna with the Jerusalem cross (JC)–based frequency‐selective surface (FSS) and Schottky diode–based rectifiers for RF energy harvesting applications at the resonance frequency of 5.8 GHz. The electromagnetic energy from the environment can effectively captured using a proposed wide band and high gain antenna designed using a Koch snowflake array based on FSSs. Flame Retardant‐4 (FR‐4) material has good dielectric qualities for electronics, and it is employed as the dielectric substrate in this model; copper serves as the ground plane. The squid game optimizer (SGO) determines the ideal outer snowflake dimensions by maximizing the resonance frequency in order to achieve high gain. The optimally selected outer snowflake length and width are 40 and 23.09 mm. The designed antenna model uses a rectifier based on Schottky diodes for RF energy harvesting applications, which involves converting electromagnetic waves into direct current. The fractal antenna model and RF energy harvesting are designed and simulated using the ANSYS HFSS and Matlab RF toolbox. The model is used to evaluate the antenna's performance by concentrating on gain radiation patterns, S11, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The Koch snowflake fractal antenna, which uses a JC–based FSS, has been measured for performance at 5.8‐GHz frequency; the values obtained for impedance bandwidth, gain, S11, and VSWR are 7.61%, 9.962 dB, −33 dB, and 1.01, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data demonstrates that the Koch snowflake fractal antenna, which is being proposed for energy harvesting applications, outperforms several other existing designs in terms of effectiveness.
Correlation of Cytologic Features With Molecular Testing of Indeterminate Oncocytic (Hürthle Cell) Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Geetha Saroja Devi , Karam Priyanka , Ziemba Yonah , Chau Karen , Savant Deepika , Rosca Oana , Khutti Seema , Gimenez Cecilia , Das Kasturi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Indeterminate oncocytic/Hürthle cell lesions on thyroid cytology are reflexed to molecular testing. This study aims to examine the cytologic characteristics of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears with oncocytes classified as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) with particular molecular patterns that can aid in determining a more conclusive Bethesda category upfront thus decreasing unnecessary testing and associated costs.

Materials and Methods

Our pathology database was searched for thyroid FNAs with AUS for oncocyte predominance from 2019 to 2022. Sixty six cases that underwent ThyroSeq testing (33 positive and 33 negative) were selected. Two cytopathologists reviewed the smears for cellularity, colloid: cell ratio, artifacts, lymphocytes, microfollicles, and oncocytic nuclear atypia. Molecular results and surgical follow‐up were obtained through chart review. Statistical analysis was done using STATA16.1 (StataCorp LLC College Station, TX).

Results

Among the 33 ThyroSeq‐positive cases, 20 had surgical follow‐up. Only 1 case was malignant. Hypercellularity, microfollicular architecture, and oncocytic atypia were associated with a higher incidence of molecular alterations. Five of 66 cases demonstrated microfollicles. Four of these had positive molecular findings, and one was negative. Twenty of 33 (61%) cases with positive molecular findings had no oncocytic nuclear atypia. Of the molecular positive cases with oncocytic atypia that underwent resection, seven of nine (78%) were neoplastic. RAS mutations were the most common finding detected in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.

Conclusions

Microfollicles were infrequently seen in nodules with oncocytic predominance; however, those that had microfollicles had high incidence of positive molecular findings. Oncocytic nuclear atypia was present in all the resected neoplastic cases. NRAS and KRAS mutations were the most common molecular abnormalities detected.
A Comprehensive Review on Energy Management Strategies for Fuel‐Cell‐Based Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Bhattacharjee Ankur
Published: November 2024

The rapid growth of the transportation sector in the past few decades has contributed significantly to global warming issues, leading to extensive research on vehicles having nearly zero or total zero tailpipe carbon emissions. The automobiles within this classification belong to hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs), plug‐in HEVs, battery–electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel‐cell (FC) EVs (FCEVs), and FC HEVs. FCHEVs are powered by a combination of FC systems, rechargeable batteries, ultracapacitors, and/or mechanical flywheels. FC technology appears to hold potential in terms of extended driving distances and quicker refueling times for vehicles that emit no exhaust fumes. A significant number of research studies have examined various types of energy‐storage devices as vehicle power supply, their interfacing with the drive mechanism using power converters and their energy management strategies (EMS). In this article, various EMS  for FC‐based EVs are discussed. Classifications of FCEVs, BEVs, and EMSs for FCHEVs are developed by various researchers. In this review report, it is indicated that the existing EMS are capable of performing well, yet further research is required for better reliability and intelligence toward achieving greater fuel efficiency and lifetime of upcoming FCHEVs.
Intra‐Craton Faults Characteristics, Development and Its Hydrocarbon Accumulation Significance in Mesozoic Strata at Southwestern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Jiang Yun , Pu Lei , Du Fangpeng , Chen Xinkai , Liu Chiyang , Wang Jianqiang , Peng Heng , Zhou Yang
Published: November 2024

The Ordos Basin is among China's largest petroliferous basins, with its southwestern part being a key exploration area. Prior studies indicated that the basin's internal structure was relatively simple, featuring minor developmental faults and primarily stratigraphic–lithologic reservoirs. However, recent research has identified numerous strike‐slip faults in the basin, and their relationship to oil and gas accumulations remains unclear. This study, using integrated interpretations of field outcrops, imaging logging and 3D seismic reflection data, clarifies the characteristics, morphology and formation mechanisms of multi‐period faults in the southwestern Ordos basin. Additionally, the study investigates the relationship between these faults and oil and gas accumulations. Results show that Mesozoic fractures in the southwestern basin are primarily NE‐ and NW‐trending. Seismic profiles reveal that these faults exhibit complex geometries, including upright structures in the Middle to Upper Triassic and floral structures in the Cretaceous. Coherence slices show that Lower Jurassic faults have linear structures NE‐ and NW‐trending, while Cretaceous faults exhibit parallel linear structures ENE‐trending. The study of fault displacement and morphology suggests two evolutionary patterns for Mesozoic faults in the basin: layered development and basement‐activated faulting. The widespread ENE‐ and NW‐trending faults represent a specific mode of tectonic stress transfer in stable cratonic areas with minimal basement fault influence. Conversely, some ENE‐trending faults are significantly influenced by basement activation during various geological periods, penetrating deeply into strata and exhibiting distinct segmentation on a planar scale. This differential fault development results in an uneven distribution of Jurassic oil and gas reservoirs. Significant accumulations of Jurassic oil and gas are found in the ENE‐trending tension–torsional strike‐slip sections, whereas many NW‐trending faults may negatively impact oil and gas reservoirs. This study elucidates the characteristics of Mesozoic faults in the southwestern Ordos Basin, offering valuable guidance for oil and gas exploration and development in the region.
Bank Lending and Policy Interactions—A Comprehensive Assessment for the G20 Countries
Authors: Gramlich Dieter , Yan Meilan , Zhang Dalu
Published: November 2024

This study examines the joint impact from supervisory requirements, monetary policies and rescue packages on the supply of bank loans. Evidence is obtained from conceptual considerations and the empirical investigation of G20 banks over the period 1995–2021. To prepare the analysis of interactions, we first address modelling concepts and consistently identify the effects on bank lending that come from each of the regulatory approaches in isolation. Second, we empirically assess the effects that result from the parallel application of policy actions. Short‐term liquidity ratios in combination with further variables mostly associate with positive interaction effects. In contrast, the joint assessment of long‐term liquidity ratios as well as leverage ratios with other policy actions usually provides negative effects. Overall, the results suggest that unconventional monetary policy and rescue actions can stimulate bank lending only after the institutions have restored their own stability. Interactions of policy actions matter, and both regulatory authorities and bank management should consider them.
Menstrual suppression to decrease intrauterine device expulsion in adolescents with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Cygan Peter H. , Kons Kelly M. , Fiorillo Megan H. , Wright Tonya S.
Published: November 2024

Synopsis

Intrauterine device efficacy in adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding and bleeding disorders is impacted by expulsion within 30 days of insertion. Menstrual suppression may reduce this risk.
Earnings Quality, Emissions, and Executive Compensation in European Firms With Say‐on‐Pay Voting Adoption
Authors: Issa Ayman , Wael Al‐Khatib Ayman , Zaid Mohammad A. A.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the interplay between carbon emissions (COEM), earnings quality (EQ), and CEOs’ pay within non‐financial European firms. The study's results indicate a strong adverse correlation between COEM and EQ. Importantly, the influence of executive compensation on this correlation is adverse, particularly within firms that have adopted Say‐on‐Pay (SOP) system. The Paris Agreement (PA) serves as a driver for sustainability, influencing the dynamics of EQ. This research offers original perspectives on the link between COEM and EQ, along with the moderating impact of executive compensation. Additionally, it sheds light on the potential effects of SOP regulations and global sustainability initiatives on a company's environmentally responsible practices and the quality of accounting numbers.
Signaling Regulation of FAM134‐Dependent ER‐Phagy in Cells
Authors: Palma Alessandro , Reggio Alessio
Published: November 2024

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a pivotal organelle responsible for protein and lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and protein quality control within eukaryotic cells. To maintain cellular health, damaged or excess portions of the ER must be selectively degraded via a process known as selective autophagy, or ER‐phagy. This specificity is driven by a network of protein receptors and regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms governing ER‐phagy, with a focus on the FAM134 family of ER‐resident ER‐phagy receptors. We discuss the molecular pathways and Posttranslational modifications that regulate receptor activation and clustering, and how these modifications fine‐tune ER‐phagy in response to stress. This review provides a concise understanding of how ER‐phagy contributes to cellular homeostasis and highlights the need for further studies in models where ER stress and autophagy are dysregulated.
Application of Myocardial Salvage Index as a Clinical Endpoint: Assessment Methods and Future Prospects
Authors: Zhao Maomao , Niu Xiaowei , Bai Lu , Chen Zixian , Zhao Jing , Chen Fengmei , Zhang Yinchang , Yang Na , Bai Ming
Published: November 2024

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), traditional clinical endpoints used to assess drug efficacy and prognosis include infarct size (IS), incidence of heart failure, and mortality rates. Although these metrics are commonly employed to evaluate outcomes in AMI patients, their utility is limited in small‐scale studies. The introduction of the myocardial salvage index (MSI) reduces variability in assessments across multiple dimensions, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of outcome measures and reducing the required sample size. Moreover, MSI is increasingly utilized to evaluate drug efficacy, prognosis, and risk stratification in AMI patients. Although a variety of methodologies for measuring the MSI are currently available, the incorporation of these methods as clinical endpoints remains limited. In the clinical application of cardioprotective strategies, it is recommended that MSI be evaluated using late gadolinium enhancement measured along the endocardial surface length combined with IS in cardiac magnetic resonance. In dynamic single‐photon emission computed tomography, an assessment of MSI using methods based on abnormalities in myocardial wall thickening combined with perfusion anomalies is advocated. This review comprehensively outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of different MSI assessment methods and discusses the prospects and challenges of MSI in cardiac protective therapies. Additionally, we summarize recommended strategies for employing MSI as a clinical surrogate endpoint in various clinical scenarios, providing direction for future clinical practice and research.

Evidence Level

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 4
High‐Gain, High‐Order Vortex Air Lasing Generated by Plasma Amplification
Authors: Shen Bo , Xue Pengyu , Lu Xu , Wang Jingwei , Zhang Ning , Huang Shunlin , Chen Yewei , Qi Pengfei , Lin Lie , Yao Jinping , Liu Weiwei , Cheng Ya
Published: November 2024

Vortex air lasing opens exciting perspectives for remote generation, amplification, and control of vortex beams in ambient air. By combining the advantages of air lasing and vortex beams, it holds great potential in some specific applications such as standoff detection of chiral molecules and rotating objects. However, it remains challenging to produce high‐order vortex air lasing and flexibly control its orbital angular momentum, hindered by the inhomogeneous distribution and instability of laser‐induced plasma. Herein, vortex lasing with a tunable vortex order from the first up to the tenth order is achieved through vortex seed amplification in plasma. The helical phase structure of the seed is well conserved in the amplification process. Each order vortex air lasing shows the same topological charge as the seed and a doughnut‐shaped profile. Moreover, the amplification factor is up to 104. Generation of high‐order, high‐gain vortex air lasing is attributed to the choice of an appropriate population‐inversion system, as well as the optimal control over spatial matching of pump and seed beams, gas pressures, and focusing conditions. This work facilitates the understanding of the gain mechanism of lasing and promises to extend the application scenarios of air‐lasing‐based spectroscopy.
The effect of alimony on married women's labor supply and fertility: Evidence from state‐level reforms
Authors: Fernández‐Kranz Daniel , Roff Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Reforms that reduce spousal support after divorce are generally thought to reduce the bargaining power of alimony recipients as well as their incentives to participate in the traditional model of household specialization. Using the U.S. Time Use Survey and exploiting a series of recent reforms in several U.S. states that reduced the rights of eligible spouses, we find that wives surprised by the reforms reacted by increasing their labor supply, but the adjustment mechanism varied by educational group. While college educated wives' labor supply increased at the expense of time spent on housework and childcare, wives with less than a college degree sacrificed personal care and leisure time. Effects for men are generally smaller and not statistically significant. We also find a reduction in the rate of new births following the reforms, with the effect being much more pronounced in the case of women with a university education, suggesting that part of the difference in time use may be attributable to differences in preferences and the cost of children by educational levels. Since children are a marital public good, our results imply a decrease in marriage‐specific investment. The estimated effects are robust to various sensitivity tests and are greater in couples with a high‐income differential and therefore more exposed to changes in alimony laws.
Student concussion symptoms and tailored accommodations during use of a return to learn program in 13 public high schools
Authors: Philipson Erik B. , Avery Aspen , Takagi‐Stewart Julian , Qiu Qian , Jinguji Thomas , Coppel David B. , Vavilala Monica S.
Published: November 2024

Background

Youth concussion is common but there is a paucity of information on symptoms students report to school personnel and a gap in understanding what accommodations schools can provide.

Objective

To examine symptoms and provision of temporary accommodations in schools for students reporting concussion symptoms.

Design

Secondary data analysis of a trial implementing an evidence‐based student‐centered return to learn (RTL) program.

Setting

Thirteen public high schools during the 2021–2022 academic year.

Participants

Sixty‐two students diagnosed with concussion who reported symptoms to school personnel.

Interventions

The school‐based RTL program, which consists of up to four weekly check‐ins with an RTL champion who evaluates symptoms and recommends symptom‐tailored accommodations.

Main Outcome Measures

Symptom profile, accommodation type, and accommodation duration.

Results

A total of 46 (74.2%) students received accommodation for ≤2 weeks and 16 (25.8%) students received accommodation for 3 (21.0%) or 4 (4.8%) weeks. Sixty‐two students experienced an average of 11.2 unique symptoms during week 1. Compared to students whose symptoms resolved within the first 2 weeks, students who received accommodation for 3 or 4 weeks reported higher initial total symptom severity score (p = .02), and higher initial average severity per symptom (p = .01) at week 1. Physical symptoms were most common and received corresponding accommodations most often (75/90 reports: 83.3% of occurrences). In total, 674 (nearly 11 accommodations per student) weekly accommodations were offered.

Conclusions

Students with concussion report a large number and type of symptoms that necessitate symptom‐tailored academic accommodations. High school implementation of an evidence‐based RTL program may aid in identifying and addressing many RTL needs after concussion, including potential identification of students with concussion who will require longer‐term support.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clerkships in medical school: A valuable and integrated addition to the advanced clerkships
Authors: Rydberg Leslie , Mhatre Priya , Kessler Allison , Roth Elliot
Published: November 2024

The medical specialty of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) focuses on quality of life, function, ability, and interdisciplinary care. PM&R clerkships are uniquely qualified to teach medical students about rehabilitation and the spectrum of postacute care, medical knowledge, and medical decision making related to health care affecting people with disabilities, health care disparities affecting people with disabilities, and the communication and teamwork strategies to provide a patient‐centered approach to optimize function and outcomes. PM&R clerkships can be used to fulfill stakeholder and governing body requirements, such as medical knowledge, rehabilitation, critical judgment, health disparities, ethics, communication, teamwork, and patient‐centered medical care, in order to maintain accreditation and provide a high‐quality education This review provides both a rationale for a medical student clerkship in PM&R and an effective example of such an experience that has been implemented during medical school training.
Prostate Cancer Classification and Interpretation With Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Gleason Grade Score Using DarkNet53 Model
Authors: Gladis Pushparathi Vasantha Pragasam , Justin Xavier Dhas , Chitra Pandian , Kannan Gopalraj
Published: November 2024

Background

Prostate Cancer (PCa) increases the mortality rate of males worldwide and is caused by genetics, lifestyle, and age reasons. The existing automated PCa classification systems face difficulties with overfitting issues, and non‐generalizability, leading to poor classification performance.

Objective

On this account, this study proposes an automated classification of PCa from MRI images using a hybrid weighted mean of vectors‐optimized DarkNet53 classifier model.

Methodology

The proposed method suggests nonlocal mean filtering for noise reduction, N4ITK bias field correction to enhance image quality, and active contour‐based segmentation for accurately identifying the disease region. The feature extraction utilizes the gray level run length matrix and shape features for effective feature extraction. A weighted mean of vectors optimization is used to optimize the feature selection process by hybridizing it with the DarkNet53 model for classification. Finally, the interpretation of achieving the classification has been demonstrated using the explainable AI Grad‐CAM model.

Results

After comparing the proposed work with various state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, the proposed model achieves 99.31% accuracy, 98.24% sensitivity, and 98.46% specificity, respectively, highlighting the model's accomplishment using the DarkNet53 classifier.
Adaptive servo‐ventilation for the treatment of intrathecal baclofen‐induced central sleep apnea: A case report
Authors: Schisano Matteo , Libra Alessandro , Morana Giorgio , Vancheri Carlo , Spicuzza Lucia
Published: November 2024

Baclofen is a common muscle relaxant agent used in a number of neurological disorders acting at central level and potentially causing adverse respiratory events, still largely unknown at therapeutic doses. We present the case of a young woman with spastic tetraparesis secondary to perinatal asphyxia treated with a standard dose of intrathecal baclofen who developed nocturnal symptoms, somnolence and memory loss during the day. Nocturnal cardio‐respiratory sleep monitoring showed a high number of central sleep apneas (CSA). The patient was adapted and treated with a positive air pressure device, Adaptative Servo‐Ventilator, specific designed to treat CSA particularly in patients with heart failure. The treatment was well tolerated and within few days CSA was reversed. The patient reported a feeling of restful sleep and disappearance of morning tiredness. The efficacy of the treatment was verified with nocturnal cardio‐respiratory monitoring after 2 months and complete resolution of all symptoms was also confirmed.
The Win Ratio Approach in Bayesian Monitoring for Two‐Arm Phase II Clinical Trial Designs With Multiple Time‐To‐Event Endpoints
Authors: Huang Xinran , Wang Jian , Ning Jing
Published: November 2024

To assess the preliminary therapeutic impact of a novel treatment, futility monitoring is commonly employed in Phase II clinical trials to facilitate informed decisions regarding the early termination of trials. Given the rapid evolution in cancer treatment development, particularly with new agents like immunotherapeutic agents, the focus has often shifted from objective response to time‐to‐event endpoints. In trials involving multiple time‐to‐event endpoints, existing monitoring designs typically select one as the primary endpoint or employ a composite endpoint as the time to the first occurrence of any event. However, relying on a single efficacy endpoint may not adequately evaluate an experimental treatment. Additionally, the time‐to‐first‐event endpoint treats all events equally, ignoring their differences in clinical priorities. To tackle these issues, we propose a Bayesian futility monitoring design for a two‐arm randomized Phase II trial, which incorporates the win ratio approach to account for the clinical priority of multiple time‐to‐event endpoints. A joint lognormal distribution was assumed to model the time‐to‐event variables for the estimation. We conducted simulation studies to assess the operating characteristics of the proposed monitoring design and compared them to those of conventional methods. The proposed design allows for early termination for futility if the endpoint with higher clinical priority (e.g., death) deteriorates in the treatment arm, compared to the time‐to‐first‐event approach. Meanwhile, it prevents an aggressive early termination if the endpoint with lower clinical priority (e.g., cancer recurrence) shows deterioration in the treatment arm, offering a more tailored approach to decision‐making in clinical trials with multiple time‐to‐event endpoints.
Bio‐Inspired P‐type TeSeOx Synaptic Transistor Based on Multispectral Sensing for Neuromorphic Visual Multilevel Nociceptor
Authors: Zhu Li , Li Sixian , Zhang Feng , Wan Xiang , Tan Chee Leong , Sun Huabin , Yan Shancheng , Xu Yong , Liu Ao , Yu Zhihao
Published: November 2024

The development of neuromorphic color vision has significant research implications in the fields of machine vision and artificial intelligence. By mimicking the processing mechanisms of energy‐efficient biological visual systems, it offers a unique potential for real‐time color environment perception and dynamic adaptability. This paper reports on a multispectral color sensing synaptic device based on a novel p‐type TeSeOx transistor, applied to a neuromorphic visual multilevel nociceptor. Due to the intrinsic properties of TeSeOx, its narrow bandgap allows for multi‐wavelength (405, 532, 655 nm) response, and its oxide semiconductor‐based persistent photoconductivity converts optical signals into stored electrical signals, successfully emulating key synaptic characteristics such as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), multi‐pulse facilitation, and the transition from short‐term to long‐term memory. Additionally, it simulates learning, forgetting, and relearning behaviors, as well as image memory under tricolor light. Finally, using optical signals as a pain stimulus, the fundamental functions of a nociceptor are realized, including “threshold,” “non‐adaptation,” “relaxation,” and “nociceptive sensitization”. More importantly, by using tricolor light, multilevel pain perception is acheived. These results have the potential to advance fields such as autonomous driving, machine vision, and intelligent alert systems.