bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gênero Crenicichla na região central do R.S. Crenicichla vittata heckel, 1840
Authors: Weis Maria Lacy Cezimbra , Bossemeyer Ilca Marion Knewitz
Published: November 2018

Eleven specimens of fish of the Crenicichla gender from the Ibicuí-Mirim and Santa Maria rivers were studied and identified as C. vittata Heckel, 1840. The data obtained (morphometric, merystic and coloring) were compared with those available in the literature.
‘Packed Tightly with the Strong Meat of History and Political Economy’
Authors: Chase Malcolm
Published: November 2018

This article provides the first detailed account of Mark Hovell’s
The Chartist Movement, focusing on the overall achievement of
the work as published in 1918, contemporary reactions to the circumstances of
its production, and the ways in which Hovell’s research cemented
twentieth-century dominant narratives around the rise and fall of Chartism. The
article also offers a counterfactual evaluation of Hovell’s manuscript,
focusing on the probable direction of his vision of Chartism, and suggesting how
the work completed by Hovell (had he lived) might have looked compared with the
version eventually produced by Tout.
Sensorimotor pathway controlling stopping behavior during chemotaxis in the Drosophila melanogaster larva
Authors: Tastekin Ibrahim , Khandelwal Avinash , Tadres David , Fessner Nico D , Truman James W , Zlatic Marta , Cardona Albert , Louis Matthieu
Published: November 2018

Sensory navigation results from coordinated transitions between distinct behavioral programs. During chemotaxis in the Drosophila melanogaster larva, the detection of positive odor gradients extends runs while negative gradients promote stops and turns. This algorithm represents a foundation for the control of sensory navigation across phyla. In the present work, we identified an olfactory descending neuron, PDM-DN, which plays a pivotal role in the organization of stops and turns in response to the detection of graded changes in odor concentrations. Artificial activation of this descending neuron induces deterministic stops followed by the initiation of turning maneuvers through head casts. Using electron microscopy, we reconstructed the main pathway that connects the PDM-DN neuron to the peripheral olfactory system and to the pre-motor circuit responsible for the actuation of forward peristalsis. Our results set the stage for a detailed mechanistic analysis of the sensorimotor conversion of graded olfactory inputs into action selection to perform goal-oriented navigation.
A polyextremophilic alcohol dehydrogenase from the Atlantis II Deep Red Sea brine pool
Authors: Akal Anastassja L. , Karan Ram , Hohl Adrian , Alam Intikhab , Vogler Malvina , Grötzinger Stefan W. , Eppinger Jörg , Rueping Magnus
Published: November 2018

Enzymes originating from hostile environments offer exceptional stability under industrial conditions and are therefore highly in demand. Using single‐cell genome data, we identified the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene, adh/a1a, from the Atlantis II Deep Red Sea brine pool. ADH/A1a is highly active at elevated temperatures and high salt concentrations (optima at 70 °C and 4 mKCl) and withstands organic solvents. The polyextremophilic ADH/A1a exhibits a broad substrate scope including aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and is able to reduce cinnamyl‐methyl‐ketone and raspberry ketone in the reverse reaction, making it a possible candidate for the production of chiral compounds. Here, we report the affiliation of ADH/A1a to a rare enzyme family of microbial cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases and explain unique structural features for halo‐ and thermoadaptation.
Transparent and Flexible Thin‐Film Transistors with High Performance Prepared at Ultralow Temperatures by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Chen Xue , Zhang Guozhen , Wan Jiaxian , Guo Tao , Li Lei , Yang Yanpeng , Wu Hao , Liu Chang
Published: November 2018

High‐performance, transparent, and flexible thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with polycrystalline channels in a bottom‐gate structure are successfully fabricated at extremely low temperatures of 80, 90, and 100 °C by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in which ZnO and Al2O3 are used as channels and dielectric layers, respectively. The transistors are superior to silicon‐based TFTs in which high temperatures are necessarily involved in both preparation and postgrowth annealing. Among all devices, TFTs grown at 100 °C exhibit the best performance which can be attributed to the lowest grain boundary trap density. Additionally, the TFTs are successfully transferred to plastic substrates without any performance degradation, which shows a high mobility of 37.1 cm2V−1 s−1, a high on/off‐state current ratio of 107 at VDS = 0.1 V, a small subthreshold swing of 0.38 V dec−1, and a proper threshold voltage of 1.34 V as well as an excellent bias stability.
Assembling a Hybrid Pd Catalyst from a Chiral Anionic CoIII Complex and Ligand for Asymmetric C(sp3)–H Functionalization
Authors: Jiang Hua‐Jie , Zhong Xiu‐Mei , Yu Jie , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xinhao , Wu Yun‐Dong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: November 2018

An unusual hybrid palladium catalyst containing an anionic chiral CoIII complex and a chiral phosphoramidite ligand shows a high capacity for catalyzing asymmetric thioamide‐directed C(sp3)−H arylation and delivers excellent yield and enantioselectivity (up to 99 % yield, 99 % ee). Significant synergy between the chiral ligand and the anion in terms of stereochemical control was observed. Mechanistic investigations have revealed both the nature of the C−H activation and the origin of the enantioselectivity.
Size‐Exclusion Borane‐Catalyzed Domino 1,3‐Allylic/Reductive Ireland–Claisen Rearrangements: Impact of the Electronic and Structural Parameters on the 1,3‐Allylic Shift Aptitude
Authors: Fegyverneki Dániel , Kolozsvári Natália , Molnár Dániel , Egyed Orsolya , Holczbauer Tamás , Soós Tibor
Published: November 2018

The reductive Ireland–Claisen rearrangement through borane‐mediated hydrosilylation is reported. The method employs a borane catalyst with a special structural design and affords access to synthetically relevant products with high diastereoselectivity. Depending on electronic and structural parameters, the reaction can be coupled with a 1,3‐allylic shift, thus the valence isomer of the Ireland–Claisen product is formed.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Panel Tests for Multiple Pharmacogenes Associated With Adverse Drug Reactions: An Evaluation Framework
Authors: Plumpton Catrin O. , Pirmohamed Munir , Hughes Dyfrig A.
Published: November 2018

The cost‐effectiveness of testing for multiple genes implicated in adverse drug reactions requires the simultaneous assessment of all actionable information, including future prescribing decisions based on incidental findings. We developed methodology for determining the value of pharmacogenetic panel tests, illustrated with a multigene panel, including HLA‐A*31:01, HLA‐B*15:02, HLA‐B*57:01, HLA‐B*58:01, HLA‐B (158T), and HLA‐DQB1 (126Q). If the findings for all alleles are acted upon, regardless of their individual cost‐effectiveness, the HLA panel resulted in cost savings of £378 (US $491), and a quality‐adjusted life year gain of 0.0069. Based on a stratified analysis and compared with no testing, initial use of the panel was cost‐effective in patients eligible for abacavir (HLA‐B*57:01), carbamazepine (HLA‐A*31:01), and clozapine (HLA‐B (158T) and HLA‐DQB1 (126Q)), but not for carbamazepine (HLA‐B*15:02) or allopurinol (HLA‐B*58:01). The methods presented allow for the assessment of the cost‐effectiveness of multiple‐gene panels.
Maximization of heat transfer density rate from a single row of rhombic tubes cooled by forced convection based on constructal design
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Waheed
Published: November 2018

The heat transfer density rate from a row of rhombic tubes cooled by forced convection is maximized based on constructal design. A row of parallel rhombic tubes are placed in a fixed volume, the horizontal axis of the tubes is kept constant while the vertical axis of the tubes and the spacing between the tubes are changed to facilitate the heat flow from the tubes to the coolant. The tubes are kept at constant temperature and the incoming free‐stream flow is induced by constant pressure drop. For steady, two‐dimensional, incompressible, and laminar forced convection, the governing equations are solved numerically by finite volume method with SIMPLE algorithm. The dimensionless pressure drop (Bejan number, Be) ranging from 10
3 to 10
5, the range of the vertical axis of the tube is 0.2 ≤
B ≤ 2, and the working fluid is air (
Pr = 0.71). The results show that the optimal spacing decreases and the maximum heat transfer density increases as the Bejan number increases for all vertical axes of the tube. Bejan number and the bluntness of the tube have a significant effect of the flow structure (separation and vortex formation) around the tubes at the optimal spacings.
Identifying the Creative Act in Advertising: A Study on Naïve People's Awareness of Restructuring
Authors: Antonietti Alessandro , Bonacina Silvia , Colombo Barbara , Iannello Paola
Published: November 2018

This study investigates whether laypersons can distinguish between creative and non‐creative artifacts, identify when creativity emerges, and be aware of the merit to be attributed to those who conceive a creative idea. Study 1 analyzed a creative and a non‐creative version of two advertisements. In the creative version, there was an ideational process of advertising drafts where the first meaning changed, whereas in the non‐creative version the original meaning did not change. Forty undergraduates were asked to judge beauty and originality of each draft and the contribution that graphics managers gave to the outcome. Non‐creative changes did not affect beauty and originality ratings, whereas creative modifications increased originality, but not beauty score. Merit was attributed to the graphics manager who transformed the original meaning. In Study 2, one hundred twenty‐eight participants evaluated four combinations of textual (creative/noncreative) and iconic (creative/non‐creative) elements which were added to the advertisements. Again, the creative, but not the non‐creative, contribution to drafts was acknowledged regarding originality by participants. Findings suggest that people can recognize the presence of creativity when it develops and the restructuring mechanism that supports it.
Use of molecular data in zoo and aquarium collection management: Benefits, challenges, and best practices
Authors: Norman Anita J. , Putnam Andrea S. , Ivy Jamie A.
Published: November 2018

The global zoo and aquarium community widely recognizes that its animal collections and cooperative breeding programs are facing a sustainability crisis. It has become commonly accepted that numerous priority species cannot be maintained unless new management strategies are adopted. While molecular data have the potential to greatly improve management across a range of scenarios, they have been generally underutilized by the zoo and aquarium community. This failure to effectively apply molecular data to collection management has been due, in part, to a paucity of resources within the community on which to base informed decisions about when the use of such data is appropriate and what steps are necessary to successfully integrate data into management. Here, we identify three broad areas of inquiry where molecular data can inform management: 1) taxonomic identification; 2) incomplete or unknown pedigrees; and 3) hereditary disease. Across these topics, we offer a discussion of the advantages, limitations, and considerations for applying molecular data to ex situ animal populations in a style accessible to zoo and aquarium professionals. Ultimately, we intend for this compiled information to serve as a resource for the community to help ensure that molecular projects directly and effectively benefit the long‐term persistence of ex situ populations.
Collection planning for the next 100 years: What will we commit to save in zoos and aquariums?
Authors: Powell David M.
Published: November 2018

The “sustainability crisis” in zoos and aquariums has been a sobering reminder of how limited our resources are for maintaining viable populations of species threatened with extinction. This, combined with increasing concern among the public about the value of zoos and aquariums, suggests that the zoological profession should engage in a thorough re‐examination of our guiding principles, philosophies, and practices with regard to collection planning at global, regional, and institutional scales. An analysis of AZA cooperative breeding programs reveals that in order to make these populations viable, many more founders and tens of thousands more spaces for animals, either in existing facilities or new ones, are necessary if we want to maintain all of the species that are covered by cooperative breeding programs currently. Regional zoological associations and their associated cooperative breeding programs must be more strategic and make more scientifically defensible decisions about which species to try and safeguard in zoos and aquariums. This would enable the zoological profession to give society a “Promise List” of species that we will commit to save from total extinction. Developing such a list will require a collaborative, inclusive process that transcends zoological regions. Regional association leaders, zoo & aquarium directors, and curators must make commitments to safeguard the species on the Promise List regardless of other interests. As our profession re‐examines its philosophies and practices and finds ways to increase its capacity to provide refuge for species facing extinction in the wild, it may be possible to expand the Promise List.
Symmetries and charges of general relativity at null boundaries
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Flanagan Éanna É. , Prabhu Kartik
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We study general relativity at a null boundary using the covariant phase space formalism. We define a covariant phase space and compute the algebra of symmetries at the null boundary by considering the boundary-preserving diffeomorphisms that preserve this phase space. This algebra is the semi-direct sum of diffeomorphisms on the two sphere and a nonabelian algebra of supertranslations that has some similarities to supertranslations at null infinity. By using the general prescription developed by Wald and Zoupas, we derive the localized charges of this algebra at cross sections of the null surface as well as the associated fluxes. Our analysis is covariant and applies to general non-stationary null surfaces. We also derive the global charges that generate the symmetries for event horizons, and show that these obey the same algebra as the linearized diffeomorphisms, without any central extension. Our results show that supertranslations play an important role not just at null infinity but at all null boundaries, including non-stationary event horizons. They should facilitate further investigations of whether horizon symmetries and conservation laws in black hole spacetimes play a role in the information loss problem, as suggested by Hawking, Perry, and Strominger.
Extended scalar sectors, effective operators and observed data
Authors: Dey Atri , Lahiri Jayita , Mukhopadhyaya Biswarup
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The available data on the 125 GeV scalar h is analysed to explore the room for new physics in the electroweak symmetry breaking sector. The first part of the study is model-independent, with h couplings to standard model particles scaled by quantities that are taken to be free parameters. At the same time, the additional loop contributions to h → γγ and h → Zγ, mediated by charged scalar contributions in the extended scalar sector, are treated in terms of gauge-invariant effective operators. Having justified this approach for cases where the concerned scalar masses are a little above the Z-boson mass, we fit the existing data to obtain marginalized 1σ and 2σ regions in the space of the coefficients of such effective operators, where the limit on the h → Zγ branching ratio is used as a constraint. The correlation between, say, the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion channels, as reflected in a non-diagonal covariance matrix, is taken into account. After thus obtaining model-independent fits, the allowed values of the coefficients are translated into permissible regions of the parameter spaces of several specific models. In this spirit we constrain four different types of two Higgs doublet models, and also models with one or two Y = 2 scalar triplets, taking into account the correlatedness of the scale factors in h-interactions and the various couplings of charged Higgs states in each extended scenario.
De Sitter and Anti-de Sitter branes in self-tuning models
Authors: Ghosh J. K. , Kiritsis E. , Nitti F. , Witkowski L. T.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Maximally symmetric curved-brane solutions are studied in dilatonic braneworld models which realise the self-tuning of the effective four-dimensional cosmological constant. It is found that no vacua in which the brane has de Sitter or anti-de Sitter geometry exist, unless one modifies the near-boundary asymptotics of the bulk fields. In the holographic dual picture, this corresponds to coupling the UV CFT to a curved metric (possibly with a defect). Alternatively, the same may be achieved in a flat-space QFT with suitable variable scalar sources. With these ingredients, it is found that maximally symmetric, positive and negative curvature solutions with a stabilised brane position generically exist. The space of such solutions is studied in two different types of realisations of the self-tuning framework. In some regimes we observe a large hierarchy between the curvature on the brane and the boundary UV CFT curvature. This is a dynamical effect due to the self-stabilisation mechanism. This setup provides an alternative route to realising de Sitter space in string theory.
Targeting histones for degradation in cancer cells as a novel strategy in cancer treatment
Authors: Yin Yesheng , Zhu Qianqian , Jiang Tianxia , Fan Libin , Qiu Xiaobo
Published: November 2018

The anticancer therapies with the joint treatment of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and a DNA-damaging approach are actively under clinical investigations, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Histone homeostasis is critical to genome stability, transcriptional accuracy, DNA repair process, senescence, and survival. We have previously demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), could promote the degradation of the core histones induced by γ-radiation or the DNAalkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in non-cancer cells, including mouse spermatocyte and embryonic fibroblast cell lines. In this study, we found that the joint treatment by TSA and MMS induced the death of the cultured cancer cells with an additive effect, but induced degradation of the core histones synergistically in these cells. We then analyzed various combinations of other HDAC inhibitors, including suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and valproate sodium, with MMS or other DNAdamaging agents, including etoposide and camptothecin. Most of these combined treatments induced cell death additively, but all the tested combinations induced degradation of the core histones synergistically. Meanwhile, we showed that cell cycle arrest might not be a primary consequence for the joint treatment of TSA and MMS. Given that clinic treatments of cancers jointly with an HDAC inhibitor and a DNA-damaging approach often show synergistic effects, histone degradation might more accurately underlie the synergistic effects of these joint treatments in clinic applications than other parameters, such as cell death and cell cycle arrest. Thus, our studies might suggest that the degradation of the core histones can serve as a new target for the development of cancer therapies.
Peer influence or projection bias? Predicting respondent delinquency with perceptual measures of peer delinquency in 22 samples
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

The current study was designed to determine whether the peer influence effect is the direct result of respondents projecting their own delinquency onto peers in a process referred to as projection bias.

Methods

Data from 22 gender‐homogeneous U.S. and British samples (Ns = 154 to 4098) of individuals under the age of 17 at the time of initial assessment were used to create partial correlations between perceptual measures of peer delinquency and subsequent respondent offending, controlling for concurrent respondent offending.

Results

Significant partial correlations surfaced between peer delinquency and subsequent respondent offending in 21 out of 22 samples, for a significant pooled effect size (rp1o2.o1) of 0.158 (95% CI = 0.124‒.193). Although the peer‒offending relationship, controlling for prior offending, was moderated by data recentness—with less recent samples (>16 years old) achieving a higher pooled effect size than more recent samples (≤16 years old)—a small but significant pooled effect size was recorded for both more and less recent samples.

Conclusions

These results are inconsistent with projection bias as a complete explanation for the peer influence effect and suggest that perceived peer delinquency has a demonstrable and meaningful effect on future offending in adolescents. Despite the lack of support for the projection hypothesis, there is still a need to include additional variables in the analyses (i.e., direct measures of peer delinquency and differential respondent opportunities to observe peer behavior) while entertaining alternative explanations of the perceived peer delinquency‒future offending relationship (i.e., hearsay and rejecting delinquency/non‐delinquency).
The importance of self‐efficacy and educational aspirations for academic achievement in resource‐limited countries: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Ansong David , Eisensmith Sarah R. , Okumu Moses , Chowa Gina A.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Research on the influence of academic self‐efficacy and educational aspirations on academic performance is underdeveloped in resource‐limited countries. This study replicates and expands on earlier research that investigated a complex network of relationships between academic self‐efficacy, educational aspirations, and academic performance.

Methods

Data from 4282 adolescents in Ghana and path analysis were used to test the causal pathways, and path invariance analysis was used to assess the moderation role of gender. Instrumental variable techniques were used to validate the path models.

Results

Increase in academic self‐efficacy indirectly accounts for improvement in academic performance through the mediational role of educational aspirations. The effects of self‐efficacy on educational aspirations, and educational aspirations were stronger for boys than for girls.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that in resource‐limited countries where the financial burden of schooling tends to be a demotivating factor, interventions that target adolescents' academic self‐efficacy may be an effective means to boost educational aspirations and academic performance. Interventions should be tailored to meet the needs of all students so that all children can think of school as an important part of their lives and aspire to achieve, now and in the future.
Phase field simulation of dendritic microstructure in additively manufactured titanium alloy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wu Linmin , Zhang Yi , Meng Lingbin
Published: November 2018

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes for metals, such as selective laser sintering and electron beam melting, involve rapid solidification process. The microstructure of the fabricated material and its properties strongly depend on the solidification. Therefore, in order to control and optimize the AM process, it is important to understand the microstructure evolution. In this work, using Ti-6Al-4V as a model system, the phase field method is applied to simulate the microstructure evolution in additively manufactured metals. First, the fundamental governing equations are presented. Then the effects of various processing related parameters, including local temperature gradient, scan speed and cooling rate, on dendrites’ morphology and growth velocity are studied. The simulated results show that the dendritic arms grow along the direction of the heat flow. Higher temperature gradient, scan speed and cooling rate will result in small dendritic arm spacing and higher growth velocity. The simulated dendritic morphology and arm spacings are in good agreement with experimental data and theoretical predictions.
ON THE OPTIMALITY OF A STRAIGHT DEDUCTIBLE UNDER BELIEF HETEROGENEITY
Authors: Chi Yichun
Published: November 2018

This article attempts to extend Arrow’s theorem of the deductible to the case of belief heterogeneity, which allows the insured and the insurer to have different beliefs about the distribution of the underlying loss. Like Huberman et al. [(1983) Bell Journal of Economics14(2), 415–426], we preclude ex post moral hazard by asking both parties in the insurance contract to pay more for a larger realization of the loss. It is shown that, ceteris paribus, full insurance above a constant deductible is always optimal for any chosen utility function of a risk-averse insured if and only if the insurer appears more optimistic about the conditional loss given non-zero loss than the insured in the sense of monotone hazard rate order. We derive the optimal deductible level explicitly and then examine how it is affected by the changes of the insured’s risk aversion, the insurance price and the degree of belief heterogeneity.
Ice thickness measurements of Guliya ice cap, western Kunlun Mountains (Tibetan Plateau), China
Authors: KUTUZOV STANISLAV , THOMPSON LONNIE G. , LAVRENTIEV IVAN , TIAN LIDE
Published: November 2018

Despite their high value and importance for various glaciological applications, detailed ice thickness measurements of alpine glaciers are still very limited. Knowledge of bedrock topography is essential for paleoglaciological studies. The Guliya ice cap located on the Tibetan Plateau is one of the highest and largest ice caps in mid-low latitude regions. A detailed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted on the Guliya ice cap in 2015 using 20 and 40 MHz frequency antennas. An empirical Bayesian kriging method was used for ice thickness interpolation and uncertainty assessment. GPR measurements revealed complex basal topography of the Guliya glacier with a maximum thickness of 371.12 ± 13 m. The internal reflections caused by changes in the dielectric properties were registered on the 40 MHz radargrams at the summit and were attributed to density variations. As a result of this fieldwork, one of the largest ice thickness datasets in High Mountain Asia was obtained. Guliya glacier elevation changes were assessed by differencing digital elevation models. The glacier gained mass from 2000 to 2015 with an average rate of 0.270 ± 0.11 m w.e. a−1at the summit and 0.279 ± 0.11 m w.e. a−1at the lower elevations.
The paradigmatic aspect of compounding and derivation
Authors: KUNDURACI AYSUN
Published: November 2018

This study aims to show the dynamic aspect of word-formation paradigms in autonomous morphology by examining the compound marker in Turkish Noun–Noun compounds, as inbuz paten-i‘ice-skate (ice skate-cm)’, and its relation to derivational suffixes. The study proposes a process-based morphological paradigm structure which involves compounding and derivational operations. In this system, the compound marker has a formal paradigmatic function: it creates correct lexeme forms based on bare Noun–Noun compounds, which would otherwise serve as input to certain derivational operations. The current system thus accounts for both permitted and unpermitted suffix combinations involving compounding and the optionality in certain combinations, such asbuz paten-ci(-si) ‘a/the ice skater (ice skate-agt-cm)’, where the compound marker may (not) appear in combination with the (derivational) agentive -CI. The study also presents a survey which implies that a group of derivational affixes is in a paradigmatic relation with the compound marker, and all of these affixations constitute alternative paths in a dynamic paradigm structure. The findings of the study are considered to contribute to the understanding of the nature of the autonomous morphological operations and paradigms, which cannot be restricted to the lexicon or manipulated by syntax.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Impairments Associated With Kidney Failure in Adults Before Natural Age-Related Changes
Authors: Brodski Julia , Rossell Susan L. , Castle David J. , Tan Eric J.
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Recognition of cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its impact on functioning in adults is growing. The vast majority of studies to date have been conducted in older populations where CKD is more pronounced; however, the degree to which age-related cognitive changes could be influencing these findings remains unaddressed. This current study thus aimed to review cognitive impairment findings by stage in non-elderly CKD samples. Methods: PubMed and Medline via Scopus were searched for cross-sectional or cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that assessed cognitive function in individuals with CKD in any research setting. CKD studies including patients at any illness stage were included providing participants were below 65 years old, were not on peritoneal dialysis and had not undergone a kidney transplant. Results: Fifteen studies, with a total of 9304 participants, were included. Cognitive function broadly deteriorated from stage 1 to stage 5. Early stage CKD was associated with a drop in speed of processing, attention, response speed, and short-term memory abilities. Moderate stage CKD was associated with deficits in executive functioning, verbal fluency, logical memory, orientation and concentration. People with end stage kidney disease manifested significant deficits in all previous cognitive domains, along with cognitive control, delayed and immediate memory, visuospatial impairment, and overall cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment is evident across the stages of CKD, independent of age-related changes, for both lower-order and higher-order cognitive abilities. These impairments also increase between the stages, suggesting a cumulative effect. Future directions for research are discussed. (JINS, 2019, 25, 101–114)
MONEY AND LIMITED ENFORCEMENT IN MULTILATERAL EXCHANGE
Authors: Amendola Nicola , Ferraris Leo
Published: November 2018

We propose a model in which money performs an essential role in the process of exchange, despite the presence of a multilateral clearing house that collects resources from and distributes them to anonymous agents. Money improves the functioning of the clearing house, simultaneously keeping the incentives to contribute and guaranteeing the fine-tuning of allocations.
LIQUIDITY REGULATION AND FINANCIAL STABILITY
Authors: Li Yang
Published: November 2018

Anticipating a bailout in the event of a crisis distorts financial intermediaries’ incentives in multiple dimensions. Bailout payments can, for example, lead intermediaries to issue too much short-term debt while simultaneously underinvesting in liquid assets. To correct these distortions, policymakers may choose to regulate the composition of both the assets and liabilities of intermediaries. I examine these regulations in a version of the Diamond and Dybvig [(1983). Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity. Journal of Political Economy, 91(3), 401–419] model with limited commitment. I demonstrate that, contrary to common wisdom, introducing a minimum liquidity requirement can increase intermediaries’ susceptibility to a run by their investors.
How Loneliness is Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Spanish College Students: Examining Specific Coping Strategies as Mediators
Authors: Fuente Amaia de la , Chang Edward C. , Cardeñoso Olga , Chang Olivia D.
Published: November 2018

In this study, we examined coping strategies as a mediator of the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. A sample of 364 Spanish young adults (75.5% females) completed measures of loneliness, coping, and depressive symptoms. In general, results from computing correlations (controlling for gender) indicated that loneliness was negatively associated with the use of one engaged coping strategy (viz., problem solving) and positively associated with the use of disengaged coping strategies (e.g., problem avoidance). A multiple mediation analysis (controlling for gender) was conducted to test for mediation. Results of this analysis indicated that part of the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms can be explained by the use of one engaged coping strategy (viz., problem solving; indirect effect, p < .05) and a variety of disengaged coping strategies (viz., problem avoidance, wishful thinking, social withdrawal, & self criticism; indirect effects, p < .05). Overall, the prediction model including loneliness and coping strategies was found to account for a large (f2 = .68) 40.5% of the variance in depressive symptoms in Spanish young adults. The present findings are the first to clarify how the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms in Spanish young adults might be due in part to the use of different coping strategies. Some implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Kein einfaches Vorgehen
Authors: Kuntz Anja
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Offene Stationstüren in der Akutpsychiatrie werden schon seit Mitte der 1950er-Jahre in internationalen Fachkreisen diskutiert. In Deutschland gibt es mittlerweile psychiatrische Kliniken, die ihre Türen durchweg geöffnet haben. Andere Kliniken schließen fakultativ oder bezeichnen sich auch als kontrolliert offen. Wie offene Türen in der Akutpsychiatrie in der alltäglichen Praxis gestaltet werden, scheint sehr von der Haltung und dem Konzept der jeweiligen Kliniken abzuhängen. In der aktuellen Literatur wird eine Offene-Tür-Politik überwiegend positiv beschrieben, jedoch verzichtet der größte Anteil an Kliniken bis heute nicht auf geschlossene oder beschützte Stationseinheiten. Laut Pajonk (2015) verfügen in Deutschland ca. 75 % der Kliniken über eine geschlossene Station. Diese Arbeit befragt Experten in Führungspositionen nach ihren wahrgenommenen Veränderungen, nachdem die Stationstüren auf akutpsychiatrischen Stationen geöffnet wurden.
AGU Congratulates Its First “Celebrate 100 Grants” Awardees
Authors: McEntee Chris
Published: November 2018

The projects that these grants support showcase the far-reaching societal benefits of Earth and space science.
The Life Cycle and Net Radiative Effect of Tropical Anvil Clouds
Authors: Hartmann Dennis L. , Gasparini Blaž , Berry Sara E. , Blossey Peter N.
Published: November 2018

We explore the importance of the life cycle of detrained tropical anvil clouds in producing a weak net cloud radiative effect (NCRE) by tropical convective systems. We simulate a horizontally homogeneous elevated ice cloud in a 2‐D framework using the System for Atmospheric Modeling cloud‐resolving model. The initially thick cloud produces a negative NCRE, which is later canceled by a positive NCRE as the cloud thins and rises. Turning off interactive cloud radiation reveals that cloud radiative heating and in‐cloud convection are fundamental in driving net radiative neutrality. In‐cloud convection acts to thin initially thick anvil clouds and loft and maintain thin cirrus. The maintenance of anvil clouds is tied to the recycling of water vapor and cloud ice through sublimation, nucleation, and deposition as air parcels circulate vertically within the cloud layer. Without interactive radiation, the cloud sediments and sublimates away, producing a large negative NCRE. The specification of cloud microphysics substantially influences the cloud's behavior and life cycle , but the tendency of the life cycle to produce compensating cloud radiative effects is robust to substantial changes in the microphysics. Our study shows that small‐scale processes within upper level ice clouds likely have a strong influence on the NCRE associated with tropical convective cloud systems.
Connectivity and network state-dependent recruitment of long-range VIP-GABAergic neurons in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Francavilla Ruggiero , Villette Vincent , Luo Xiao , Chamberland Simon , Muñoz-Pino Einer , Camiré Olivier , Wagner Kristina , Kis Viktor , Somogyi Peter , Topolnik Lisa
Published: November 2018

GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus provide for local and long-distance coordination of neurons in functionally connected areas. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP+) interneurons occupy a distinct niche in circuitry as many of them specialize in innervating GABAergic cells, thus providing network disinhibition. In the CA1 hippocampus, VIP+ interneuron-selective cells target local interneurons. Here, we discover a type of VIP+ neuron whose axon innervates CA1 and also projects to the subiculum (VIP-LRPs). VIP-LRPs show specific molecular properties and target interneurons within the CA1 area but both interneurons and pyramidal cells within subiculum. They are interconnected through gap junctions but demonstrate sparse spike coupling in vitro. In awake mice, VIP-LRPs decrease their activity during theta-run epochs and are more active during quiet wakefulness but not coupled to sharp-wave ripples. Together, the data provide evidence for VIP interneuron molecular diversity and functional specialization in controlling cell ensembles along the hippocampo-subicular axis.
A biomimetic nanoreactor for synergistic chemiexcited photodynamic therapy and starvation therapy against tumor metastasis
Authors: Yu Zhengze , Zhou Ping , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: November 2018

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is ineffective against deeply seated metastatic tumors due to poor penetration of the excitation light. Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanoreactor (bio-NR) to achieve synergistic chemiexcited photodynamic-starvation therapy against tumor metastasis. Photosensitizers on the hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) are excited by chemical energy in situ of the deep metastatic tumor to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) for PDT, and glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Remarkably, this process not only blocks the nutrient supply for starvation therapy but also provides H2O2 to synergistically enhance PDT. Cancer cell membrane coating endows the nanoparticle with biological properties of homologous adhesion and immune escape. Thus, bio-NRs can effectively convert the glucose into 1O2 in metastatic tumors. The excellent therapeutic effects of bio-NRs in vitro and in vivo indicate their great potential for cancer metastasis therapy.
The Trithorax protein Ash1L promotes myoblast fusion by activating Cdon expression
Authors: Castiglioni Ilaria , Caccia Roberta , Garcia-Manteiga Jose Manuel , Ferri Giulia , Caretti Giuseppina , Molineris Ivan , Nishioka Kenichi , Gabellini Davide
Published: November 2018

Myoblast fusion (MF) is required for muscle growth and repair, and its alteration contributes to muscle diseases. The mechanisms governing this process are incompletely understood, and no epigenetic regulator has been previously described. Ash1L is an epigenetic activator belonging to the Trithorax group of proteins and is involved in FSHD muscular dystrophy, autism and cancer. Its physiological role in skeletal muscle is unknown. Here we report that Ash1L expression is positively correlated with MF and reduced in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments support a selective and evolutionary conserved requirement for Ash1L in MF. RNA- and ChIP-sequencing indicate that Ash1L is required to counteract Polycomb repressive activity to allow activation of selected myogenesis genes, in particular the key MF gene Cdon. Our results promote Ash1L as an important epigenetic regulator of MF and suggest that its activity could be targeted to improve cell therapy for muscle diseases.
Abiotic formation of condensed carbonaceous matter in the hydrating oceanic crust
Authors: Sforna Marie Catherine , Brunelli Daniele , Pisapia Céline , Pasini Valerio , Malferrari Daniele , Ménez Bénédicte
Published: November 2018

Thermodynamic modeling has recently suggested that condensed carbonaceous matter should be the dominant product of abiotic organic synthesis during serpentinization, although it has not yet been described in natural serpentinites. Here we report evidence for three distinct types of abiotic condensed carbonaceous matter in paragenetic equilibrium with low-temperature mineralogical assemblages hosted by magma-impregnated, mantle-derived, serpentinites of the Ligurian Tethyan ophiolite. The first type coats hydroandraditic garnets in bastitized pyroxenes and bears mainly aliphatic chains. The second type forms small aggregates (~2 µm) associated with the alteration rims of spinel and plagioclase. The third type appears as large aggregates (~100–200 µm), bearing aromatic carbon and short aliphatic chains associated with saponite and hematite assemblage after plagioclase. These assemblages result from successive alteration at decreasing temperature and increasing oxygen fugacity. They affect a hybrid mafic-ultramafic paragenesis commonly occurring in the lower oceanic crust, pointing to ubiquity of the highlighted process during serpentinization.
Efficient and stable sky-blue delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes with CIEy below 0.4
Authors: Chan Chin-Yiu , Tanaka Masaki , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya
Published: November 2018

Organic light-emitting diodes utilizing thermally activated delayed fluorescence is a potential solution for achieving stable blue devices. Sky-blue devices (CIEy < 0.4) with high stability and high external quantum efficiency (>15%) at 1000 cd m−2 based on either delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence are still limited and very hard to achieve simultaneously. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a new thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, 3Ph2CzCzBN. A sky-blue device based on 3Ph2CzCzBN exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 16.6% at 1000 cd m−2. The device shows a sky-blue electroluminescence of 482 nm and achieves Commission Internationale de l’ Eclairage coordinates of (0.17, 0.36). The sky-blue device exhibits a superb LT90 of 38 h. This is the first demonstration of high-efficiency and stable sky-blue devices (CIEy < 0.4) based on delayed fluorescence, which represents an important advance in the field of blue organic light-emitting diode technology.
Synergistic enzymatic and bioorthogonal reactions for selective prodrug activation in living systems
Authors: Yao Qingxin , Lin Feng , Fan Xinyuan , Wang Yanpu , Liu Ye , Liu Zhaofei , Jiang Xingyu , Chen Peng R. , Gao Yuan
Published: November 2018

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) restrict the maximum doses applicable in chemotherapy, which leads to failure in cancer treatment. Various approaches, including nano-drug and prodrug strategies aimed at reducing ADRs, have been developed, but these strategies have their own pitfalls. A renovated strategy for ADR reduction is urgently needed. Here, we employ an enzymatic supramolecular self-assembly process to accumulate a bioorthogonal decaging reaction trigger inside targeted cancer cells, enabling spatiotemporally controlled, synergistic prodrug activation. The bioorthogonally activated prodrug exhibits significantly enhanced potency against cancer cells compared with normal cells. This prodrug activation strategy further demonstrates high tumour inhibition efficacy with satisfactory biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and safety in vivo. We envision that integration of enzymatic and bioorthogonal reactions will serve as a general small-molecule-based strategy for alleviation of ADRs in chemotherapy.
Intralocus sexual conflict can resolve the male-female health-survival paradox
Authors: Archer C. Ruth , Recker Mario , Duffy Eoin , Hosken David J.
Published: November 2018

At any given age, men are more likely to die than women, but women have poorer health at older ages. This is referred to as the “male-female, health-survival paradox”, which is not fully understood. Here, we provide a general solution to the paradox that relies on intralocus sexual conflict, where alleles segregating in the population have late-acting positive effects on male fitness, but negative effects on female health. Using an evolutionary modelling framework, we show that male-benefit, female-detriment alleles can spread if they are expressed after female reproduction stops. We provide support for our conflict based solution using experimental Drosophila data. Our results show that selecting for increased late-life male reproductive effort can increase male fitness but have a detrimental effect on female fitness. Furthermore, we show that late-life male fertility is negatively genetically correlated with female health. Our study suggests that intralocus sexual conflict could resolve the health-survival paradox.
Cyclin E1 and Rb modulation as common events at time of resistance to palbociclib in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Guarducci Cristina , Bonechi Martina , Benelli Matteo , Biagioni Chiara , Boccalini Giulia , Romagnoli Dario , Verardo Roberto , Schiff Rachel , Osborne C. Kent , De Angelis Carmine , Di Leo Angelo , Malorni Luca , Migliaccio Ilenia
Published: November 2018

CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a new treatment standard for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (BC) patients. Although efficacious, resistance to these agents is universal. Here, we profiled a large panel of HR+ BC cell lines with conditioned resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, and analyzed cell cycle-related markers by gene expression profiles (GEP) and western blot (WB). GEP showed high molecular heterogeneity among the models, with E2F targets being significantly enriched both during treatment and at the time of resistance. By both WB and GEP, a common molecular feature at the time of palbociclib resistance was the concomitant overexpression of cyclin E1 and down-regulation of Rb. CCNE1 was the only significantly up-regulated gene among E2F targets at resistance with CCNE1 genomic amplification being observed in two resistant models. Rb was downregulated in all resistant models; a reduction of RB1 copy number was observed in three resistant cell lines. In silico analyses showed that CCNE1/RB1 ratio correlated with palbociclib IC50 in different datasets of both breast and non-breast cancer cell lines, performing better than CCNE1 or RB1 taken separately. Finally, the CCNE1/RB1 ratio was shown to be an adverse prognostic factor in patients with ER+ BC and to be able to discriminate palbociclib-sensitive versus resistant among patients enrolled in the NeoPalAna trial, a neoadjuvant trial testing palbociclib, performing better than CCNE1 or RB1 alone. Our data suggest that the CCNE1/RB1 ratio may be a viable biomarker of palbociclib resistance, warranting further clinical validation.
Publisher Correction: Multiple biomarker responses (serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, genotoxicity and histopathology) in Channa punctatus exposed to heavy metal loaded waste water
Authors: Javed Mehjbeen , Ahmad Md. Irshad , Usmani Nazura , Ahmad Masood
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.