bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ultrasonography features of hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid gland and the role of fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in its diagnosis
Authors: Choi Woo Jung , Baek Jung Hwan , Ha Eun Ju , Choi Young Jun , Hong Min Ji , Song Dong Eun , Sung Jin Yong , Yoo Hyunju , Jung So Lyung , Lee Ha Young , Lee Jeong Hyun
Published: September 2014

Background

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) of the thyroid gland is a rare, benign neoplasm of follicular cell origin. Misdiagnosis of HTT as either papillary or medullary thyroid carcinoma after fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may lead to unnecessary surgery.

Purpose

To evaluate the ultrasonography (US) findings of HTT of the thyroid gland and the role of FNA cytology and core needle biopsy (CNB) in its diagnosis.

Material and Methods

Data from 24 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of HTT between January 2000 and May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. US findings were categorized according to shape, margin, orientation, echogenicity, composition, calcification, and vascularity. Cytologic and histologic results of FNA, CNB, and surgery were reviewed.

Results

US revealed the following tumor features: oval-to-round (24/24), solid (22/24), smooth margin (21/24), hypoechoic or marked hypoechogenicity (18/24), and peri- and/or intranodular vascularity (17/17). Malignant US features such as marked hypoechogenicity ( n = 7) and a spiculated margin ( n = 3) were also observed. Final confirmation was by surgery in 22 patients and by CNB in two patients. All 19 patients who underwent FNA were initially misdiagnosed, including 12 with malignancies and five with atypia of undetermined significance. All four patients who underwent CNB were correctly diagnosed with HTT. The histology of CNB specimens suggested HTT, which was confirmed by immunostaining of MIB-1.

Conclusion

HTT should be suspected when the cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma is made after FNA without malignant US findings. CNB could prevent unnecessary surgery for HTT.
Contextualizing the “Student Body”
Authors: Strauss Jaine , Sullivan Jacklyn M. , Sullivan Christine E. , Sullivan Stephen J. , Wittenberg Chloe E.
Published: September 2014

Research on teens’ body dissatisfaction documents the role of proximal social influences (e.g., peers and family) and distal social influences (e.g., mass media) but largely ignores intermediate contextual factors such as school environment. Is there a link between individual body image and student body? We assessed drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, thin-ideal internalization, and body objectification in an ethnically diverse sample of 1,536 female students educated in U.S. school districts varying in the degree to which younger students (fifth and sixth graders) are educated alongside older students (seventh and eighth graders). We studied three different grade groupings: junior high (Grades K–6 housed together/Grades 7–8 housed together), middle school (K–5/6–8), and extended middle school (K–4/5–8). As predicted, fifth and sixth graders attending schools with older students reported more negative body experiences than their age peers attending schools with younger students; similar effects were evident among seventh graders who had been educated with older peers during fifth and sixth grade. Our findings highlight the importance of considering contextual factors in understanding young women’s body image.
On the high stress concentrations in steel fiber composites under transverse loading
Authors: Sabuncuoglu Baris
Published: September 2014

Transverse stress concentrations are mainly governed by the polygonal cross section of fibers generating stress concentrations near the corners and the high stiffness mismatch of steel fibers and epoxy matrix. Micro-scale images show that there is a slight radius at the polygon corners instead of sharp corners. First, the effects of these radii on the stress concentrations are investigated. Then, in order to decrease the stress concentrations, the idea of introducing a transition region with nano-reinforcements between fiber and matrix is investigated. Finite element models are generated in micro-scale to investigate these cases in which fibers and matrix are generated separately. The results show that the polygonal cross sections significantly decrease stress concentrations, whereas the variation introduced to the fiber–matrix interface reduces only the normal component of stresses and if the fiber/volume fraction is low.
USP2 Regulates the Intracellular Localization of PER1 and Circadian Gene Expression
Authors: Yang Yaoming , Duguay David , Fahrenkrug Jan , Cermakian Nicolas , Wing Simon S.
Published: September 2014

Endogenous 24-h rhythms in physiology are driven by a network of circadian clocks located in most tissues. The molecular clock mechanism is based on feedback loops involving clock genes and their protein products. Posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination, are important for regulating the clock feedback mechanism. Recently, we showed that the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific peptidase 2 (USP2) associates with clock proteins and deubiquitinates PERIOD1 (PER1) but does not affect its overall stability. Mice devoid of USP2 display defects in clock function. Here, we show that USP2 regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and nuclear retention of PER1 and its repressive role on the clock transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1. The rhythm of nuclear entry of PER1 in Usp2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) was advanced but with reduced nuclear accumulation of PER1. Although Per1 mRNA expression rhythm remained intact in the Usp2 KO MEFs, the expression profiles of other core clock genes were altered. This was also true for the expression of clock-controlled genes (e.g., Dbp, Tef, Hlf, E4bp4). A similar phase advance of PER1 nuclear localization rhythm and alteration of clock gene expression profiles were also observed in livers of Usp2 KO mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel function of USP2 in the molecular clock in which it regulates PER1 function by gating its nuclear entry and accumulation.
Influence of micro/nanofiller alumina on the mechanical behavior of novel hybrid epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Raghavendra Gujjala , Ojha Shakuntala , Acharya S. K. , Pal S.K.
Published: September 2014

In this work, the influence of micro/nanoalumina (Al2O3) on the mechanical properties of epoxy/jute fiber (J)/glass fiber (G) laminates was studied. All the composites are fabricated by the hand layup technique. The flexural strength and tensile strength of the epoxy/hybrid laminates were increased profoundly in the presence of micro/nano-Al2O3. The epoxy + GJGJ + 4 wt% nano-Al2O3 composites showed better flexural results when compared with the epoxy/glass fiber composites, whereas epoxy + GJJG + 4 wt% nano-Al2O3 composites show better tensile results. It was also found that nanofiller-added composites show better results when compared with and without microfiller-added composites. The morphology of the surfaces was examined by scanning electron microscopy to have better insight into the flexural and tensile mechanism.
World State
Authors: Albert Mathias
Published: September 2014

This article discusses Hauke Brunkhorst’s account of cosmopolitan statehood. In order to demonstrate its novelty in comparison with other diagnoses of world statehood, the article first sketches out some core ideas on the concept of a world state. This sketch then serves as the basis in order to more closely recall and assess Brunkhorst’s account of the evolution of ‘cosmopolitan statehood’. The article then proceeds to argue that although there is nothing substantially wrong with Brunkhorst’s diagnosis, the hopes he invests in cosmopolitan statehood are probably too optimistic. This optimism results from the fact that he buys too deeply into Luhmann’s rather undercomplex account of functional differentiation in world society. A more nuanced differentiation theoretical account of contemporary world politics reveals a greater variety of forms than suggested by the simple juxtaposition between particularist and cosmopolitan forms of statehood. This also leads to caution against overblown optimism when it comes to the integrative performance of the latter.
Decisions for Institutionalization Among Nursing Home Residents and Their Children in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Lin
Published: September 2014

An increasing number of elders in Shanghai have moved into nursing homes to meet their needs for long-term care. This shift from family caregiving to nursing home care calls for an exploration of caregiving decision making in urban China. In this article I present both generations’ experiences of deciding to institutionalize. Face-to-face, semistructured interviews took place with 12 dyads of matched elders and their children ( N = 24) in a government-sponsored, municipal-level nursing home in Shanghai. Spatially situated in a Cartesian coordinate system, the essence of participants’ experiences showed that they either proactively or reactively chose institutionalization. Proactive families were motivated to prevent potentially increasing caregiving burdens that might exceed family caregiving capacity, whereas reactive families sought institutionalization after they had depleted caregiving resources at home. The findings illuminate diverse needs for long-term care of Chinese elders–the world’s largest aging population–in the coming decades.
Musculoskeletal and Activity-Related Factors Associated With Plantar Heel Pain
Authors: Sullivan Justin , Burns Joshua , Adams Roger , Pappas Evangelos , Crosbie Jack
Published: September 2014

Background:

Despite the prevalence and impact of plantar heel pain, its etiology remains poorly understood, and there is no consensus regarding optimum management. The identification of musculoskeletal factors related to the presence of plantar heel pain could lead to the development of better targeted intervention strategies and potentially improve clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between a number of musculoskeletal and activity-related measures and plantar heel pain.

Methods:

In total, 202 people with plantar heel pain and 70 asymptomatic control participants were compared on a variety of musculoskeletal and activity-related measures, including body mass index (BMI), foot and ankle muscle strength, calf endurance, ankle and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint range of motion, foot alignment, occupational standing time, exercise level, and generalized hypermobility. Following a comparison of groups for parity of age, analyses of covariance were performed to detect differences between the 2 groups for any of the variables measured.

Results:

The plantar heel pain group displayed a higher BMI, reduced ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, reduced ankle evertor and toe flexor strength, and an altered inversion/eversion strength ratio. There were no differences between groups for foot alignment, dorsiflexor or invertor strength, ankle inversion or eversion range of motion, first MTP joint extension range of motion, generalized hypermobility, occupational standing time, or exercise level.

Conclusion:

Plantar heel pain is associated with higher BMI and reductions in some foot and ankle strength and flexibility measures. Although these factors could be either causal or consequential, they are all potentially modifiable and could be targeted in the management of plantar heel pain.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Fractures of the Hallux in Children
Authors: Petnehazy Thomas , Schalamon Johannes , Hartwig Charlotte , Eberl Robert , Kraus Tanja , Till Holger , Singer Georg
Published: September 2014

Background:

Foot fractures account for 5% to 13% of pediatric fractures. Fractures of the hallux require special attention due to its role in weight bearing, balance, and pedal motion. In this study, a large series of children with hallux fractures is presented.

Methods:

All children treated with fractures of the hallux between June 2004 and December 2011 were included. The medical records were analyzed and X-rays were reviewed. The fractures were classified according to their anatomic location and the type of fracture. Three hundred seventeen patients (mean age = 11.7 years; range, 1-18 years; 65% male) sustained a fracture of the hallux.

Results:

Most accidents (28%) occurred at sports facilities, and soccer was the most common cause of a fracture of the hallux (28%). Closed injuries were diagnosed in 92% of the patients; 8% of the children presented with open fractures. In 144 children, the growth plate was affected. Fifty-nine patients presented with diaphyseal fractures, 42 patients with osseous avulsions, and 40 patients with fractures of the distal part of the phalanx. Nineteen children had incomplete and 13 patients comminuted fractures. The vast majority of the children (86%) were treated conservatively. Operative interventions were required in 14% of the patients. Good outcome was achieved in both conservatively and operatively treated patients.

Conclusion:

In children, fractures of the hallux were most often caused by ball sports and had a good prognosis. The vast majority of these fractures could be treated conservatively yielding good outcome.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Evaluating the Validity Indices of the Personality Assessment Inventory–Adolescent Version
Authors: Meyer Justin K. , Hong Sang-Hwang , Morey Leslie C.
Published: September 2014

Past research has established strong psychometric properties of several indicators of response distortion on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). However, to date, it has been unclear whether the response distortion indicators of the adolescent version of the PAI (PAI-A) operate in an equally valid manner. The current study sought to examine several response distortion indicators on the PAI-A to determine their relative efficacy at the detection of distorted responding, including both positive distortion and negative distortion. Protocols of 98 college students asked to either overreport or underreport were compared with 98 age-matched individuals sampled from the clinical standardization sample and the community standardization sample, respectively. Comparisons between groups were accomplished through the examination of effect sizes and receiver operating characteristic curves. All indicators demonstrated the ability to distinguish between actual and feigned responding, including several newly developed indicators. This study provides support for the ability of distortion indicators developed for the PAI to also function appropriately on the PAI-A.
“Stop Importing Weapons of Family Destruction!”
Authors: Lodhia Sharmila
Published: September 2014

A critical, albeit understudied, dimension of the backlash against women’s anti-violence advocacy is the rise of Indian men’s rights organizations formed to lobby for changes to, and in some cases, the complete abolition of vital legal protections for women. Utilizing cyber forums, public protests, and print media, these groups disseminate narratives of women wreaking destruction on the Indian family through their alleged misuse of “gender-biased” laws. These activities are significant because they operate as transnational sites of meaning making about the realities of violence against women in India and because they conspire in a distortion of reality that jeopardizes ongoing advocacy efforts.
Predicting Impairment in College Students With ADHD: The Role of Executive Functions
Authors: Dvorsky Melissa R. , Langberg Joshua M.
Published: September 2014

Objective: This study longitudinally evaluated whether parent-ratings and self-ratings of executive function (EF) predicted the academic and overall functioning of college students with ADHD and whether EF deficits mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and functioning. Method: A prospective longitudinal study of 59 college students comprehensively diagnosed with ADHD and their parents who completed ratings at the beginning and end of the school year. Results: Student-rated motivation and parent-rated emotion regulation significantly predicted overall impairment above and beyond symptoms of ADHD. Student-rated EF motivation mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and overall impairment. Student-rated EF organization mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and end of the year grades. Conclusion: Motivation and organization aspects of EF appear particularly important for functioning. However, given the study’s modest sample size, additional longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings and to develop best-practice assessment and treatment recommendations for college students with ADHD.
Effects of Music Videos on Sleep Quality in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Chronic Insomnia
Authors: Lai Hui-Ling , Chang En-Ting , Li Yin-Ming , Huang Chiung-Yu , Lee Li-Hua , Wang Hsiu-Mei
Published: September 2014

Listening to soothing music has been used as a complementary therapy to improve sleep quality. However, there is no empirical evidence for the effects of music videos (MVs) on sleep quality in adults with insomnia as assessed by polysomnography (PSG). In this randomized crossover controlled trial, we compared the effects of a peaceful Buddhist MV intervention to a usual-care control condition before bedtime on subjective and objective sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults with chronic insomnia. The study was conducted in a hospital’s sleep laboratory. We randomly assigned 38 subjects, aged 50–75 years, to an MV/usual-care sequence or a usual-care/MV sequence. After pretest data collection, testing was held on two consecutive nights, with subjects participating in one condition each night according to their assigned sequence. Each intervention lasted 30 min. Sleep was assessed using PSG and self-report questionnaires. After controlling for baseline data, sleep-onset latency was significantly shorter by approximately 2 min in the MV condition than in the usual-care condition ( p = .002). The MV intervention had no significant effects relative to the usual care on any other sleep parameters assessed by PSG or self-reported sleep quality. These results suggest that an MV intervention may be effective in promoting sleep. However, the effectiveness of a Buddhist MV on sleep needs further study to develop a culturally specific insomnia intervention. Our findings also suggest that an MV intervention can serve as another option for health care providers to improve sleep onset in people with insomnia.
Advancing tourism’s moral morphology: Relational metaphors for just and sustainable arctic tourism
Authors: Grimwood Bryan SR
Published: September 2014

Perceptions and representations of Arctic tourism that reify ‘pristine’ nature can obscure the livelihoods of Arctic Aboriginal inhabitants, thus impeding cooperation among all Arctic tourism stakeholders. The purpose of this article is to illuminate relational, value-based metaphors that may nurture cooperative spaces for just and sustainable Arctic tourism. It draws on case study research of the Thelon River in Arctic Canada and, specifically, the productive tensions and affiliations expressed through diverse practices of canoe tourists and Inuit residents of Baker Lake, Nunavut, documented using mobile ethnography. Empirical substance is interpreted against a backdrop of supporting literatures to flesh out emplacement, wayfaring and gathering as relational metaphors of becoming; that is, in their fluidity, hybridity and indeterminacy, they refuse absolute, universal or divisive expressions of value. These metaphors intend to disrupt the ‘nature’ of Arctic tourism and create opportunities to understand, debate and craft tourism’s intellectual terminology.
The role of liminality in residential activity camps
Authors: Foster Clare , McCabe Scott
Published: September 2014

Residential activity camps have been widely studied for their positive outcomes providing a broad multi-disciplinary analysis of the effects of camps in a range of contexts. However, there has been limited exploration of these camp experiences from the perspective of tourism studies. This article addresses this omission by exploring the potential offered by the concept of ‘liminality’ to explain the ways in which camps produce positive experiences for participants. This article discusses the idea of the camp environment as a liminal zone relating touristic aspects of the experience (such as being away from the familiar and placed into contact situations with a new social group) to the achievement of successful outcomes. The context for the investigation was residential camps organised by the Youth Hostel Association (England and Wales) and funded by a UK government pilot programme, which aimed to overcome issues of community cohesion within urban neighbourhoods in England, thus a form of ‘social tourism’. This article contributes to the understanding of the role played by novel environments in creating a context for liminal tourist experiences and outcomes for positive social interventions.
Jessie Pope, Wilfred Owen, and the politics of pro patria mori in World War I poetry
Authors: Araujo Anderson D
Published: September 2014

This article undertakes a close comparative reading of the work of two key World War I English poets: Jessie Pope, a then immensely popular Home Front poet–journalist and staunch supporter of the Allied war effort; and Wilfred Owen, a soldier–poet whose verse would evolve from its Romantic-Georgian and pastoral roots to yield some of the most scathing indictments of the war. In focus are the poets’ chief compositions, Pope’s jingoist ballad, ‘The Lads of the Maple Leaf’ (1915), and the several drafts of Owen’s antiwar trench lyric, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ (1917–1920). The author argues that although the poems are diametrically opposed – politically and ideologically – they nonetheless share a set of cultural, historical, and literary markers which converge on Horace’s ancient slogan in praise of an honourable death in battle, dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. Significantly, the article locates for the first time Pope’s forgotten ballad as the most likely catalyst for Owen’s famous gas poem. With Pope’s poetry as a nexus, the discussion takes Owen’s original mock-dedication of ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ to her and other pro-war poets as a point of departure for examining Pope’s investment in the tropes and memes of Britain’s imperial project, especially in relation to Canada. The aim is to explore Pope’s mythopoeic glorification of Canadian troops in light of the non-partisan hellish vision of Owen’s warrior poet. Given that Pope’s poem establishes at the outset Canadians’ submissive loyalty to the British Empire, the article enlists Canadian combatant and non-combatant poetry to illustrate the colonial–imperial traffic of ideas informing the belligerent poetic–aesthetic turn the war provoked in Canada and Britain. The argument thus sheds new light on one of the best-known war poems, whilst bringing Pope’s long-neglected agitprop ballad out of the shadows.
The Incidental Finding of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Echocardiography
Authors: Alsandook Maysoon
Published: September 2014

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatic malignancy. Most cases of primary hepatic carcinoma are secondary to either viral hepatitis infections (hepatitis C or hepatitis B) or cirrhosis, with chronic alcohol abuse being the most common cause of hepatic cirrhosis. Echocardiography is done primarily to evaluate the overall function of the heart; the condition of the heart muscle, heart valves, and chamber sizes; and the risk for heart disease. It is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of medical or surgical treatment over time. The case presented emphasizes the importance of performing a complete echocardiographic protocol on each patient and being aware of the surrounding structures that might be seen at the periphery of standard images. During an echocardiographic examination, diseases other than heart disease may be found incidentally and should be reported to the referring physician to optimally manage the patient’s care.
Fine-mapping of HLA associations with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in US populations
Authors: Gragert Loren , Fingerson Stephanie , Albrecht Mark , Maiers Martin , Kalaycio Matt , Hill Brian T.
Published: September 2014

Key Points

Polymorphisms in HLA genes may impact the ability of the immune system to detect malignant cells and direct T cells to eliminate them. Several HLA alleles and haplotypes are associated with development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia across different US populations.
Bone marrow failure and the telomeropathies
Authors: Townsley Danielle M. , Dumitriu Bogdan , Young Neal S.
Published: September 2014

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia is undergoing significant revision, with implications for diagnosis and treatment. Constitutional and acquired disease is poorly delineated, as lesions in some genetic pathways cause stereotypical childhood syndromes and also act as risk factors for clinical manifestations in adult life. Telomere diseases are a prominent example of this relationship. Accelerated telomere attrition is the result of mutations in telomere repair genes and genes encoding components of the shelterin complex and related proteins. Genotype-phenotype correlations show genes responsible for X-linked (DKC1) and severe recessive childhood dyskeratosis congenita, typically with associated mucocutaneous features, and others (TERC and TERT) for more subtle presentation as telomeropathy in adults, in which multiorgan failure may be prominent. Telomerase mutations also are etiologic in familial pulmonary fibrosis and cryptic liver disease. Detection of a telomere disease requires awareness in the clinic, appropriate laboratory testing of telomere content, and genetic sequencing. In treatment decisions, genetic screening of related donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is critical, and androgen therapy may be helpful. Telomeres shorten normally with aging, as well as under environmental circumstances, with regenerative stress and oxidative damage. Telomere biology is complexly related to oncogenesis: telomere attrition is protective by enforcing senescence or apoptosis in cells with a long mitotic history, but telomere loss also can destabilize the genome by chromosome rearrangement and aneuploidy.
FOXO1 repression contributes to block of plasma cell differentiation in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Vogel Marion J. , Xie Linka , Guan Hanfeng , Tooze Reuben M. , Maier Thomas , Kostezka Ulrike , Maier Harald J. , Holzmann Karlheinz , Chan Fong Chun , Steidl Christian , Reichel Jonathan B. , Weitzer Clarissa D. , Gehringer Franziska , Kick Anita B. , Cesarman Ethel , Roshal Mikhail , Gascoyne Randy D. , Möller Peter , Wirth Thomas , Ushmorov Alexey
Published: September 2014

Key Points

FOXO1 directly activates PRDM1α, the master regulator of PC differentiation, and it enriches a PC signature in cHL cell lines. PRDM1α is a tumor suppressor in cHL.
De novo assembly of the common marmoset transcriptome from NextGen mRNA sequences
Authors: Maudhoo Mnirnal D , Ren Dongren , Gradnigo Julien S , Gibbs Robert M , Lubker Austin C , Moriyama Etsuko N , French Jeffrey A , Norgren Robert B
Published: September 2014

Background

Nonhuman primates are important for both biomedical studies and understanding human evolution. Although research in these areas has mostly focused on Old World primates, such as the rhesus macaque, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate, offers important advantages in comparison to other primates, such as an accelerated lifespan. To conduct Next Generation expression studies or to study primate evolution, a high quality annotation of the marmoset genome is required. The availability of marmoset transcriptome data from five tissues, including both raw sequences and assembled transcripts, will aid in the annotation of the newly released marmoset assembly.

Findings

RNA was extracted from five tissues: skeletal muscle, bladder and hippocampus from a male common marmoset, and cerebral cortex and cerebellum from a female common marmoset. All five RNA samples were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Sequences were deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive. Transcripts were assembled, annotated and deposited in the NCBI Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly database.

Conclusions

We have provided a high quality annotation of 51,163 transcripts with full-length coding sequence. This set represented a total of 10,833 unique genes. In addition to providing empirical support for the existence of these 10,833 genes, we also provide sequence information for 2,422 genes that were not previously identified in the Ensembl annotation of the marmoset genome.
Manuscript as Sacred Object: Robert Hegge’s N-Town Plays
Authors: Gibson Gail McMurray
Published: September 2014

Collectors of medieval religious drama manuscripts routinely bequeathed their names to the play texts they preserved; the titles of the Towneley cycle, the Digby plays, and the Macro plays attest to the importance of prominent bookish intermediaries in saving medieval drama from annihilation by reformers’ zeal and from neglect and time. These same collectors also inscribed new cultural histories on these manuscripts, which could make them material sites for articulating ideological investment, could even charge them with the numinous power of sacred relic connecting present to past. This essay focuses on the afterlife of the East Anglian N-Town plays, exploring the ways that the Cotton Vespasian D.8 manuscript continued to be “performed” (in an extended sense of that word) in ideologies of recusancy and antiquarian possession in the life of its little-known early modern collector, Robert Hegge.
Head formation: OTX2 regulates Dkk1 and Lhx1 activity in the anterior mesendoderm
Authors: Ip Chi Kin , Fossat Nicolas , Jones Vanessa , Lamonerie Thomas , Tam Patrick P. L.
Published: September 2014

The Otx2 gene encodes a paired-type homeobox transcription factor that is essential for the induction and the patterning of the anterior structures in the mouse embryo. Otx2 knockout embryos fail to form a head. Whereas previous studies have shown that Otx2 is required in the anterior visceral endoderm and the anterior neuroectoderm for head formation, its role in the anterior mesendoderm (AME) has not been assessed specifically. Here, we show that tissue-specific ablation of Otx2 in the AME phenocopies the truncation of the embryonic head of the Otx2 null mutant. Expression of Dkk1 and Lhx1, two genes that are also essential for head formation, is disrupted in the AME of the conditional Otx2-deficient embryos. Consistent with the fact that Dkk1 is a direct target of OTX2, we showed that OTX2 can interact with the H1 regulatory region of Dkk1 to activate its expression. Cross-species comparative analysis, RT-qPCR, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase assays have revealed two conserved regions in the Lhx1 locus to which OTX2 can bind to activate Lhx1 expression. Abnormal development of the embryonic head in Otx2;Lhx1 and Otx2;Dkk1 compound mutant embryos highlights the functional intersection of Otx2, Dkk1 and Lhx1 in the AME for head formation.
Inhibitors of endocytosis prevent Wnt/Wingless signalling by reducing the level of basal β–Catenin/Armadillo
Authors: Gagliardi Maria , Hernandez Ana , McGough Ian J. , Vincent Jean-Paul
Published: September 2014

A key step in canonical Wnt signalling pathway is the inhibition of GSK3β, which results in the accumulation of nuclear β–Catenin and hence target gene regulation. Evidence suggests that endocytosis is required for signalling yet its role and the molecular understanding remains unclear. A recent and controversial model suggests that endocytosis contributes to Wnt signalling by causing the sequestration of the ligand-receptor complex, including LRP6 and GSK3 to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) thus preventing GSK3β from accessing β-Catenin. Here we use specific inhibitors (Dynasore and Dyngo-4a) to confirm the essential role of endocytosis in Wnt/Wingless signalling in Human and Drosophila cells. However, we find no evidence that, in Drosophila cells or imaginal discs, LRP6/Arrow traffics to MVBs or that MVBs are required for Wnt/Wingless signalling. Moreover, we show that activation of signalling by chemical blockade of GSK3β is prevented by endocytosis inhibitors, suggesting that endocytosis impacts on Wnt/Wingless signalling downstream of the ligand-receptor complex. We propose that, through an unknown mechanism, endocytosis boosts the resting pool of β–Catenin upon which GSK3β normally acts.
Bacterial noncoding Y RNAs are widespread and mimic tRNAs
Authors: Chen Xinguo , Sim Soyeong , Wurtmann Elisabeth J. , Feke Ann , Wolin Sandra L.
Published: September 2014

Many bacteria encode an ortholog of the Ro60 autoantigen, a ring-shaped protein that is bound in animal cells to noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) called Y RNAs. Studies in Deinococcus radiodurans revealed that Y RNA tethers Ro60 to polynucleotide phosphorylase, specializing this exoribonuclease for structured RNA degradation. Although Ro60 orthologs are present in a wide range of bacteria, Y RNAs have been detected in only two species, making it unclear whether these ncRNAs are common Ro60 partners in bacteria. In this study, we report that likely Y RNAs are encoded near Ro60 in >250 bacterial and phage species. By comparing conserved features, we discovered that at least one Y RNA in each species contains a domain resembling tRNA. We show that these RNAs contain nucleotide modifications characteristic of tRNA and are substrates for several enzymes that recognize tRNAs. Our studies confirm the importance of Y RNAs in bacterial physiology and identify a new class of ncRNAs that mimic tRNA.
Unilateral Pseudotumoral Presentation of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Pimentel Leonardo Halley Carvalho
Published: September 2014

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an unusual cause of stroke. It is more common in middle-aged women and deep CVT lesions are usually bilateral. CVT can have very diverse clinical presentations and mimic other conditions. We report two women with CVT initially diagnosed as tumors (unilateral pseudotumoral presentation of CVT) successfully treated with intravenous heparin. Early diagnosis was important and completely reversed the symptoms. The diagnosis of CVT should be remembered when clinical picture is compatible even if brain imaging suggests unilateral tumor.
shinyMethyl: interactive quality control of Illumina 450k DNA methylation arrays in R
Authors: Fortin Jean-Philippe , Fertig Elana , Hansen Kasper
Published: September 2014

We present shinyMethyl, a Bioconductor package for interactive quality control of DNA methylation data from Illumina 450k arrays. The package summarizes 450k experiments into small exportable R objects from which an interactive interface is launched. Reactive plots allow fast and intuitive quality control assessment of the samples. In addition, exploration of the phenotypic associations is possible through coloring and principal component analysis. Altogether, the package makes it easy to perform quality assessment of large-scale methylation datasets, such as epigenome-wide association studies or the datasets available through The Cancer Genome Atlas portal. The shinyMethyl package is implemented in R and available via Bioconductor. Its development repository is at https://github.com/jfortin1/shinyMethyl.
Chile’s dilemma: how to reinsert scientists trained abroad
Authors: Nunez-Parra Alexia , Ramos Maria-Paz
Published: September 2014

Chile is recognized worldwide as an emergent economy, with a great power in natural resource exploitation. Nonetheless, despite being one of the most developed countries in Latin America, Chile imports most of the knowledge and technology necessary to drive innovation in the country. The tight budget that the Chilean government assigned to research and development and the absence of a long-term scientific agenda contributed to a limited supply of scientists over the years. In an effort to reverse this scenario, Chile has created several fellowships, such as the Becas Chile Program (BCP) to encourage new generations to pursue graduate studies to ultimately advance research and development in situ. More than 6000 fellows are now being trained abroad, accumulating an incredible potential to transform the Chilean scientific environment as we know it.  Chile now faces a greater challenge: it has to offer infrastructure and job openings to the highly skilled professionals in whom it invested. Unfortunately no clear public policies to address this situation have been developed, partially due to the lack of a dedicated institution, such as a Ministry for Science and Technology which could focalize the necessary efforts to promote such policies. Therefore, in the meantime, Chilean scientist have been motivated to create different organizations, such as, Mas Ciencia para Chile and Nexos Chile-USA, to promote constructive discussion of the policies that could be implemented to improve the Chilean scientific situation. We hope that these and other organizations have a real impact on the generation of scientific guidelines that will finally contribute to the development of the country.
Sustainability Considerations for Health Research and Analytic Data
Infrastructures
Authors: Wilcox Adam , Randhawa Gurvaneet , Embi Peter , Cao Hui , Kuperman Gil
Published: September 2014

Introduction: The United States has made recent large investments in creating data
infrastructures to support the important goals of patient-centered outcomes research
(PCOR) and comparative effectiveness research (CER), with still more investment planned.
These initial investments, while critical to the creation of the infrastructures, are
not expected to sustain them much beyond the initial development. To provide the maximum
benefit, the infrastructures need to be sustained through innovative financing models
while providing value to PCOR and CER researchers.Sustainability Factors: Based on our
experience with creating flexible sustainability strategies (i.e., strategies that are
adaptive to the different characteristics and opportunities of a resource or
infrastructure), we define specific factors that are important considerations in
developing a sustainability strategy. These factors include assets, expansion,
complexity, and stakeholders. Each factor is described, with examples of how it is
applied. These factors are dimensions of variation in different resources, to which a
sustainability strategy should adapt.Summary Observations: We also identify specific
important considerations for maintaining an infrastructure, so that the long-term
intended benefits can be realized. These observations are presented as lessons learned,
to be applied to other sustainability efforts. We define the lessons learned, relating
them to the defined sustainability factors as interactions between factors.Conclusion
and Next Steps: Using perspectives and experiences from a diverse group of experts, we
define broad characteristics of sustainability strategies and important observations,
which can vary for different projects. Other descriptions of adaptive, flexible, and
successful models of collaboration between stakeholders and data infrastructures can
expand this framework by identifying other factors for sustainability, and give more
concrete directions on how sustainability can be best achieved.
Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels
Authors: Kappes Mariano , Iannuzzi Mariano , Rebak Raúl B. , Carranza Ricardo M.
Published: September 2014

Low-alloy steels (LAS) are extensively used in oil and gas (O&G) production due to their good mechanical properties and low cost. Even though nickel improves mechanical properties and hardenability with low penalty on weldability, which is critical for large subsea components, nickel content cannot exceed 1-wt% when used in sour service applications. The ISO 15156-2 standard limits the nickel content in LAS on the assumption that nickel concentrations above 1-wt% negatively impact sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance. This restriction excludes a significant number of high-strength and high-toughness alloys, such as Ni-Cr-Mo (e.g., UNS G43200 and G43400), Ni-Mo (e.g., UNS G46200), and Ni-Cr-Mo-V grades, from sour service applications and can be used only if successfully qualified. However, the standard is based on controversial research conducted more than 40 years ago. Since then, researchers have suggested that it is the microstructure that determines SSC resistance, regardless of Ni content. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of nickel-containing LAS in terms of strength, weldability, hardenability, potential weight savings, and cost reduction. Likewise, the state of knowledge on the effect of nickel on hydrogen absorption as well as SSC initiation and propagation kinetics is critically reviewed.
On the Koszul map of Lie algebras
Authors: Cornulier Yves
Published: September 2014

We motivate and study the reduced Koszul map, relating the invariant bilinear maps on a Lie algebra and the third homology. We show that it is concentrated in degree 0 for any grading in a torsion-free abelian group, and in particular it vanishes whenever the Lie algebra admits a positive grading. We also provide an example of a 12-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra whose reduced Koszul map does not vanish. In an appendix, we reinterpret the results of Neeb and Wagemann about the second homology of current Lie algebras, which are closely related to the reduced Koszul map.
Dynamic Behaviors of n-species Impulsive Competitive System
Authors: Yao Zhijian , Xie Shengli , Yu Nengfu
Published: September 2014

In this paper, n-species competitive system with impulsive effects is considered. Sufficient conditions are obtained for permanence, extinction and the existence and global attractivity of periodic solution. Some examples and numerical simulations are given.
Adult Plant Development in Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) Is Controlled by Dynamic Genetic Patterns of Regulation
Authors: Würschum Tobias , Liu Wenxin , Alheit Katharina V , Tucker Matthew R , Gowda Manje , Weissmann Elmar A , Hahn Volker , Maurer Hans Peter
Published: September 2014

Many biologically and agronomically important traits are dynamic and show temporal variation. In this study, we used triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) as a model crop to assess the genetic dynamics underlying phenotypic plasticity of adult plant development. To this end, a large mapping population with 647 doubled haploid lines derived from four partially connected families from crosses among six parents was scored for developmental stage at three different time points. Using genome-wide association mapping, we identified main effect and epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL) at all three time points. Interestingly, some of these QTL were identified at all time points, whereas others appear to only contribute to the genetic architecture at certain developmental stages. Our results illustrate the temporal contribution of QTL to the genetic control of adult plant development and more generally, the temporal genetic patterns of regulation that underlie dynamic traits.
Using Drosophila melanogaster To Identify Chemotherapy Toxicity Genes
Authors: King Elizabeth G , Kislukhin Galina , Walters Kelli N , Long Anthony D
Published: September 2014

The severity of the toxic side effects of chemotherapy shows a great deal of interindividual variability, and much of this variation is likely genetically based. Simple DNA tests predictive of toxic side effects could revolutionize the way chemotherapy is carried out. Due to the challenges in identifying polymorphisms that affect toxicity in humans, we use Drosophila fecundity following oral exposure to carboplatin, gemcitabine and mitomycin C as a model system to identify naturally occurring DNA variants predictive of toxicity. We use the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), a panel of recombinant inbred lines derived from a multiparent advanced intercross, to map quantitative trait loci affecting chemotoxicity. We identify two QTL each for carboplatin and gemcitabine toxicity and none for mitomycin. One QTL is associated with fly orthologs of a priori human carboplatin candidate genes ABCC2 and MSH2, and a second QTL is associated with fly orthologs of human gemcitabine candidate genes RRM2 and RRM2B. The third, a carboplatin QTL, is associated with a posteriori human orthologs from solute carrier family 7A, INPP4A&B, and NALCN. The fourth, a gemcitabine QTL that also affects methotrexate toxicity, is associated with human ortholog GPx4. Mapped QTL each explain a significant fraction of variation in toxicity, yet individual SNPs and transposable elements in the candidate gene regions fail to singly explain QTL peaks. Furthermore, estimates of founder haplotype effects are consistent with genes harboring several segregating functional alleles. We find little evidence for nonsynonymous SNPs explaining mapped QTL; thus it seems likely that standing variation in toxicity is due to regulatory alleles.
Multilayer BiFeO3/PbTiO3 Multiferroic Ceramic Composites Prepared by Tape Casting
Authors: Jin Guoxi , Chen Jianguo , Cheng Jinrong
Published: September 2014

The BiFeO3 (BFO) / PbTiO3 (PT) multiferroic ceramic composites with multilayered structure were prepared from orderly laminated BFO and PT tapes by tape casting method. The dielectric constant εr, loss tanδ, remnant polarization Pr and field-induced strain of BFO/PT ceramic composites were 140 (1 kHz), 5% (1 kHz), 12 µC/cm2 (at 80 kV/cm) and 0.06% (at 80 kV/cm) respectively, which were comparable to those pure BFO ceramics and BFO-based solid solutions
High Transmission and Low Resistivity Cadmium Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Sol-Gel
Authors: Diliegros Godines Carolina. J. , Pérez Rebeca Castanedo , Delgado Gerardo Torres , Ángel Orlando Zelaya
Published: September 2014

Transparent conducting cadmium tin oxide (CTO) thin films were obtained from a mixture of CdO and SnO2 precursor solutions by the dip-coating sol-gel technique. The thin films studied in this work were made with 7 coats (∼200 nm) on corning glass and quartz substrates. Each coating was deposited at a withdrawal speed of 2 cm/min, dried at 100°C for 1 hour and then sintered at 550°C for 1 hour in air. In order to decrease the resistivity values of the films, these were annealed in a vacuum atmosphere and another set of films were annealed in an Ar/CdS atmosphere. The annealing temperatures (Ta) were 450°C, 500°C and 550°C, as well as 600°C and 650°C, when corning glass and quartz substrates were used, respectively. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the films annealed in a vacuum showed that there is only the presence of CTO crystals for 450°C≤ Ta ≤ 600°C and CTO+SnO2 crystals for Ta=650°C. The films annealed in Ar/CdS atmosphere were only constituted of CTO crystals independent of the Ta. The minimum resistivity value obtained was ∼4 x 10-4 Ωcm (Rsheet= 20 Ω/□) for the films deposited on quartz and annealed at Ta=600°C under an Ar/CdS atmosphere. The films deposited on quartz showed the higher optical transmission (∼90%) with respect to the films deposited on corning glass substrates (∼85%) in the Uv-vis region. For their optical and electrical characteristics, these films are good candidates as transparent electrodes in solar cells.