bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Maternal Serum Hepcidin, Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR) and Cholecalciferol with Third Trimester Anemia: Findings from A Nested Case-control Study on A Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi , Samosir Sefty Mariany , Irianti Setyorini , Purwara Benny Hasan , Setiabudiawan Budi , Mose Johannes Cornelius , Handono Budi
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Cholecalciferol, hepcidin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) interaction play an essential role in iron hemostasis. Anemia in pregnancy contributes to morbidity and mortality both for the mother and baby. In this study, we assessed the correlation between hepcidin, sTfR and cholecalciferol in third trimester maternal anemia. We aimed to find the cut-off for hepcidin and sTfR.METHODS: A case-control study involving 56 pregnant women in each anemia and healthy group was nested on a previous larger cohort study in Indonesia. Serum hepcidin, sTfR and cholecalciferol level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.RESULTS: Serum hepcidin and sTfR level were significantly higher in case group, while serum cholecalciferol level has no difference between the two groups. New cut-off points were found for hepcidin (<15.93 ng/mL) and sTfR level (>2234.45 ng/mL). Low level of hepcidin (OR=5.32) and high level of sTfR (OR=8.28) increase the risk of anemia. High level of sTfR (adjusted OR=4.725; CI 95%=1.730-12.904; p=0.02) was the most important factor contributes to anemia, followed by the low level of hepcidin (adjusted OR=3.677; CI 95%=1.363-9917; p=0.01).CONCLUSION: The high level of sTfR is the most important factor related to anemia in the third trimester, followed by the low level of hepcidin. Low cholecalciferol level tends to favor the incident of anemia. The new cut-off point of third trimester sTfR and third trimester hepcidin were established in this study and may be useful for risk assessment and treatment monitoring for anemia in pregnancy.KEYWORDS: anemia, cholecalciferol, hepcidin, pregnancy, soluble transferrin receptor
Adolescentes en Chile: propuesta de armonización de su condición de relativamente incapaces con el reconocimiento de su autonomía progresiva
Authors: Turner Saelzer Susan , Varas Braun Juan Andrés
Published: December 2020

Frente al requerimiento constitucional de integrar el concepto de autonomía progresiva del menor de edad en la normativa civil interna, los autores plantean la plausibilidad, para el caso chileno, de entender compatible ese principio con el sistema de protección basado en la incapacidad y la invalidación, a condición de que se asigne a cada uno un campo aplicativo separado: el primero para los actos e intereses extrapatrimoniales, el segundo para los negocios patrimoniales. Esta propuesta interpretativa permitiría conservar las ventajas del sistema civil de incapacitación invalidación aplicable a los actos realizados por un menor adulto relativamente incapaz, por un lado, con el necesario reconocimiento de las decisiones del adolescente progresivamente autónomo en el ámbito personal, por otro.
El enriquecimiento por intromisión en el derecho brasileño: propuesta de calificación como enriquecimiento injustificado
Authors: Silva Rodrigo da Guia
Published: December 2020

Este estudio se propone elaborar una propuesta de calificación dogmática del enriquecimiento por intromisión, en el derecho civil brasileño, a partir de la delimitación de las fronteras entre la responsabilidad civil y la prohibición del enriquecimiento injustificado. La premisa metodológica es el análisis funcional de las obligaciones y de los respectivos regímenes jurídicos obligacionales generales. A continuación se señalan algunas razones para la insuficiencia del intento de confrontación del enriquecimiento por intromisión a partir de la disciplina de la responsabilidad civil. Finalmente, se formula la propuesta de calificación del enriquecimiento por intromisión como modalidad de enriquecimiento injustificado.
Kurs językowy jako porządkowanie, klasyfikowanie i normalizacja
Authors: Rudziński Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

Uporządkowanie materiału językowego w kursie języka obcego zależy od licznych czynników ujmowanych w tzw. układach glottodydaktycznych. Stworzone w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu modele procesu glottodydaktycznego nie uwzględniały dotąd takich czynników, jak cel kursu językowego, program kursu i autor programu.

Zawartość programu zależy od przyjętego celu kursu. Autor programu tworzy go, stosując kryteria pragmatyczne, statystyczne i wewnątrzjęzykowe. Zjawiska językowe są w programie nauczania uporządkowane chronologicznie. Chronologia ta uwzględnia praktyczne potrzeby uczących się i statystykę zjawisk językowych, ale przede wszystkim relacje między prezentowanymi zjawiskami. Proponujemy autorskie uporządkowanie kursu języka polskiego jako obcego, w którym formy osobowe czasownika są prezentowane przed bezokolicznikiem; po mianowniku l. poj. następują miejscownik i dopełniacz, a dopiero potem biernik; prezentacja form dopełnienia bliższego zaczyna się od zaimków go, ją i je; czasy gramatyczne wprowadzamy w kolejności: teraźniejszy, przyszły dokonany, przeszły dokonany — potem dopiero niedokonane, jako nacechowane względem dokonanych, co pozwala prawidłowo używać aspektu.
Normalizacja na tle innych czynników kształtowania języka literackiego
Authors: Migdał Jolanta , Walczak Bogdan
Published: December 2020

Autorzy — opierając się na wypowiedziach z epoki, tzn. z XVI i pierwszej połowy XVII w. — upominają się o rolę normalizacji w procesie kształtowania się polskiego języka literackiego. Skonfrontowanie normalizacji językowej z grafizacją w tym procesie pozostawiają do osobnego opracowania.
Evaluation of inclusive measures against educational dropout
Authors: Garcia Marta Medina , Toledo Luis Dona , Rodriguez Maria Lina Higueras
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the degree of inclusion in universities has increased, although this has been to a lesser extent in the case of on-site universities. For this reason, experiences are needed that encourage young people with disabilities to consider attending these centres in order to achieve greater normalisation of disability. The present study analyses the experience developed at the University of Granada with regard to inclusion: ‘Inclusive Campus 2019’. The methodology is based on univariate analysis and non-parametric tests. The degree of inclusion and awareness of university education achieved by the Campus is also analysed. Among the most significant results, the high evaluation of the Campus, especially in terms of staff, and the probability of recommending the experience stand out. The degree of integration and inclusion has been especially relevant for those participants without disabilities.

 

Keywords: Inclusion, educational policies, disability, teaching experiences.
Investigation of achievement and mistakes in analytical chemistry experiments
Authors: Alkan Fatma
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of experiential learning on the achievements of prospective teachers in analytical chemistry quantitative analysis practices and to determine the mistakes made by prospective teachers in the experiments. Pre-test and post-test control group experimental research design was used. Data were collected by the analytical chemistry achievement test and laboratory form. As a result of the research, a significant increase was observed in prospective teachers’ levels of academic achievement. This finding can be explained as the experiential learning classroom environment, which will construct a community of practice like the scientists’ work. According to the results of the laboratory form, prospective teachers are more successful in multiple choice questions in the achievement test; however, they cannot show the same success in explaining the theoretical foundations of the experiment or detailing the calculation sections.

 

Keywords: Experiential learning, analytical chemistry laboratory, achievement, mistakes in experiments.
Solid Work simulation as a virtual laboratory concept for supporting student learning of mechanical engineering
Authors: Netshimbupfe Adivhaho Frene , Ali Abdalla Mohame Almojtba Hamid , Erdem Binnur Demir , Kassem Youssef , Camur Huseyin
Published: December 2020

Solid Works is a complete 3D CAD design solution, providing the product design team with all the mechanical designs, verifications, motion simulations, data management and communication tools that they need. This article presents an example of the design and analysis of the Savonius rotor blade to generate 10kW power output in the field of Mechanical Engineering (ME) using the Solid Work package (SW-P). The study was structured as an educational design experiment, which used the SW-P in teaching some ME courses in the ME degree programme at Near East University. An experiment of two equivalent groups was designed, one of the groups was the experimental group and the other was the control group; each of them consisted of five students. The same project was given to the first (the experimental group) and second (the control group) groups using SW-P and the traditional method: textbook-based numerical methods, respectively. The SW-P proved to be an efficient method for supporting the students’ ability to improve and understand the concept of some selected courses. The results show that students used SW-P to demonstrate a deeper learning and understanding of the course compared to the traditional method.

 

Keywords: Educational design experiment, educational technology, mechanical engineering, Solid Work package.
Investigating the effects of worksheets supported with prediction-observation-explanation method on high school students opinions
Authors: Karadeniz Ali , Altundag Canan Kocak , Yucel Aysem Seda
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ‘Predict-Observe-Explain’ (POE) activities which is carried out with the help of the POE method worksheets on ‘States of Matter’ in the ninth-grade chemistry course curriculum, on students’ metacognitive awareness. The focus group interview held in this study was conducted with eight students selected from the experimental group on a voluntary basis. Twelve questions were asked to the students. This research is a mixed-method study. While the quantitative part of the research was carried out using the pretest and posttest model with the control group, the qualitative part was conducted with the focus group interview technique. A focus group discussion was held to obtain the opinions of the experimental group students on the subjects of Gases and States of Matter taught with worksheets prepared with POE support. The findings obtained as a result of these interviews and the study of student worksheets show that students find POE-supported worksheets fun and they increase their interest and curiosity towards the chemistry class.

 

Keywords: POE, high school students, states of matters, worksheets.
Gambaran Histopatologi dan Kadar Cadmium pada Hati dan Usus Halus Sapi Bali yang Dipotong di Abbatoir Tradisional
Authors: Guru Yohana Cendyka Kartika Dewi , Berata I Ketut , Winaya Ida Bagus Oka
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar logam berat cadmium pada organ hati dan usus halus sapi bali yang dipotong di tempat pemotongan hewan tradisional serta mengetahui gambaran histopatologi hati dan usus halus yang mengandung cadmium. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah organ hati dan usus halus dari 10 ekor sapi bali yang dipotong di tempat pemotongan hewan tradisional. Masing-masing sampel dibagi atas dua bagian yaitu untuk dibuat preparat histopatologi dengan teknik pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin dan untuk pemeriksaan kadar logam berat cadmium dengan teknik Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometric (AAS). Dari 10 sampel yang diperiksa, ditemukan 30% sampel hati dan 40% sampel usus halus mengandung cadmium, dengan rerata berturut-turut 1,46 ppm dan 15,7 ppm. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi hati ditemukan beberapa perubahan dari masing-masing sampel berupa degenerasi melemak, piknosis, karyorheksis, karyolisis, infiltrasi limfosit, dan proliferasi sel Kupffer. Pada sampel usus halus ditemukan beberapa perubahan dari masing-masing sampel berupa piknosis, karyorheksis, karyolisis, dan infiltrasi limfosit. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara perubahan histopatologi jaringan yang positif dengan yang negatif cadmium. Frekuensi dan kadar paparan cadmium pada hati lebih rendah dari pada usus halus. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara perubahan histopatologi jaringan positif mengandung kadmim dengan yang negatif.
Penerapan Kesejahteraan Hewan oleh Staf pada Kucing yang Dirawat Inap di Klinik Hewan di Kota Bandung
Authors: Aqila Alma Salsabila , Budinuryanto Dwi Cipto , Wijaya Merry
Published: December 2020

Kesejahteraan hewan adalah status fisik dan mental yang berhubungan dengan berbagai macam kondisi yang dialami oleh hewan. Hewan dikatakan sejahtera jika hewan tersebut sehat, aman, nyaman, mendapatkan gizi yang cukup, mampu mengekspresikan perilaku alamiah, dan hewan tidak menderita akibat keadaan yang tidak menyenangkan seperti nyeri, takut dan cemas. Penilaian terhadap penerapan kesejahteraan hewan dapat membantu praktisi berfokus pada penanganan medis maupun non-medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan kesejahteraan hewan oleh staf pada kucing rawat inap di klinik hewan wilayah Kota Bandung. Sampel responden diambil menggunakan total sampling dan didapatkan 29 responden staf yang bekerja di klinik hewan. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengamatan pada 41 ekor kucing yang dirawat inap. Variabel yang diamati adalah karakteristik staf dan penerapan kesejahteraan hewan pada kucing yang dirawat inap. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan checklist kemudian data diolah secara deskriptif. Variabel karakteristik staf dan penerapan kesejahteraan hewan pada kucing yang dirawat inap dikategorikan menjadi sesuai dan tidak sesuai. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu masih banyak staf yang tidak menerapkan kesejahteraan hewan dengan sesuai dan banyak kucing tidak mendapatkan pelayanan yang memenuhi aspek kesejahteraan selama dirawat inap.
ANIMAL SOUNDS AS REPORTING VERBS IN TRANSLATIONS FROM ENGLISH INTO BCMS
Authors: Pandrc Ema , Major Randall A.
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the use of animal-sound reporting verbs (e.g. grunt, bark, croak) in English literary texts and the significance they are assigned in Serbian translations. Based on a corpus of Dickens’s novels Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, and Great Expectations, an analysis of animal-sound reporting verbs will be carried out in the SL and the TL texts for the purpose of learning whether the animal trait is (accurately) preserved in translations. Firstly, the translations of these verbs will be subject to componential analysis to determine if they retained the animal feature. The next step is checking if the translation solutions that do retain the animal feature accurately reflect the sound. Finally, translations that fail to convey the animal feature and the intended sound will be analyzed in order to determine the translation procedure employed. The preliminary hypothesis is that animal-sound verbs will largely be translated as their equivalent verbs (e.g. growls=reži). This research is important because animal-sound reporting verbs often serve as stylistic devices and offer glimpses into fictional characters’ nature. Additionally, since few studies exist on the translation of reporting verbs from English into BCMS, this paper could draw more focus on them and shed more light on this specific matter.
BEAST OF BURDEN: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND CROATIAN IDIOMS CONTAINING THE LEXEMES DONKEY AND MAGARAC
Authors: Grubišić Ćurić Iva
Published: December 2020

The aim of this analysis was to establish the similarities and differences between English and Croatian idioms containing the lexemes ass/donkey and magarac/magare/tovar. The analysis of idioms according to Turk & Opašić (2008) points to the prevailing differences (50% of the sample) on both the lexical level and in-depth structure of the idioms in question. Instances of partial correspondence and total correspondence were also identified. Similarities may be explained by universal experience, or even their origin. Research (Hansen-Kokoruš 1996, Turk & Spicijarić Paškvan 2014) suggests that some Croatian idioms were influenced by the German language (e.g. pasti s konja na magarca), and some may be classified as national idioms (e.g. pojeo vuk magare).
ELEMENTS OF POPULAR CULTURE IN TEACHING SENTENCE PATTERNS AND VERBAL CATEGORIES TO STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Authors: Panić Kavgić Olga V. , Kavgić Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the application of elements of present-day popular culture in teaching certain elements of grammar to first-year undergraduate students of English Language and Literature at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad. Preceded by a theoretical discussion of implicit/explicit and descriptive/prescriptive grammar teaching at the university level, the paper introduces elements of popular culture as a motivating factor and connective tissue to teach numerous grammar rules otherwise often perceived by students as uninteresting and difficult to understand, memorize and apply. In order to illustrate and reinforce the point that grammar is made more comprehensible when its rules and principles, their correct or incorrect use, are explained through examples from present-day popular culture, a selection of language units is extracted from films, cartoons, comic strips, TV series, talk shows and song lyrics, most of which are well-known to Millennial students. Employing qualitative methodology, various uses of elements of popular culture implemented in teaching grammar are extensively described and analyzed, while two of the students’ answers in the e-survey were also analyzed quantitatively. This research is expected to demonstrate, explain and systematize the various ways in which the teaching process exploits grammatically relevant examples from widely known works of contemporary popular culture. The authors’ presumptions about the effectiveness of introducing elements of popular culture are reinforced by the results of a short survey carried out in order to obtain feedback from students who attended the courses English Grammar 1 and English Grammar 2.
PEMECAHAN MASALAH GENERALISASI POLA MATEMATIKA CALON GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR [THE PROBLEM SOLVING OF MATHEMATICAL PATTERN GENERALIZATION BY PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS BASED ON LEARNING STYLES]
Authors: Radiusman Radiusman , Simanjuntak Maslina
Published: December 2020

This qualitative research aims to describe the problem solving of pattern generalization in terms of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. The subjects in this study were three primary school teacher candidates at the University of Mataram with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. Data was collected by giving ELSA learning style tests and pattern generalization tests to the subjects and interviewing the subjects. Data was analyzed using descriptive method and classificationing. The results showed that the research subjects who had a visual learning style were able to perform the problem-solving stages better than the audio and kinesthetic learning styles. This is because the visual learning style likes reading or understanding written instructions which results in the visual learning style being capable of good and orderly coding and processing of information.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemecahan masalah generalisasi pola ditinjau dari gaya belajar visual, auditori dan kinestetik. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah tiga orang mahasiswa calon guru Universitas Mataram dengan gaya belajar visual, auditori dan kinestetik. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tes gaya belajar ELSA dan tes generalisasi pola dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan cara deskriptif dan klasifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek penelitian yang memiliki gaya belajar visual mampu melakukan tahapan pemecahan masalah yang lebih baik dibandingkan gaya belajar audio dan kinestetik. Hal ini disebabkan karena gaya belajar visual memiliki sifat suka membaca ataupun memahami instruksi secara tertulis yang mengakibatkan gaya belajar visual memiliki sifat mampu melakukan pengkodean dan pemrosesan informasi yang baik dan teratur.
Early Detection Of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using The Dempster Shafer Method
Authors: Tarunosudirjo Rahardian , Purwanti Endah , Oktaviano Yudi Her
Published: December 2020

This study aims to design an android application to detect indications of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) using the Dempster Shafer method. The system is built with initial symptoms input parameters and risk factor indicated by AMI. The system output consists of 2 classes, namely AMI and non-AMI. The test results obtained system accuracy of 98%.
Degradation and Corrosion of Biodegradable Metal Zn-xCa
Authors: Supardi Adri , Afifah Miftachul Nur , Rudyardjo Djony Izak
Published: December 2020

Zn-based biodegradable metals (BMs) are considered as new potential in osteosynthetic implant devices. In this study Ca, which acts as an essential element in the human body, is used to improve the rate of Zn degradation and corrosion. The alloy was synthesized using the powder metallurgy method with two different processes: cold pressing followed by sintering (CP-S) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Microstructure properties, as well as in vitro degradation and corrosion were studied to determine the effect of adding Ca. Variations in the sample consist of Zn-0.5Ca, Zn-1Ca, Zn-1.5Ca and Zn-2Ca. The results and analysis of test data show that the addition of Ca increases the rate of corrosion and degradation of the materials. Better bonding and microstructure properties are obtained in Zn-2Ca samples which form CaZn13 phases and small porosity. As for the HIP process, a better microstructure is obtained compared to CP-S.
DIAMOND LIKE CARBON (DLC) COATING ON CARBON STEEL WITH PLASMA TECHNIQUES FOR GAS PIPES
Authors: Yahya Ilham Nur Dimas , Rudyardj Djony Izak , Ady Jan
Published: December 2020

A study about coating on carbon steel by plasma technique aims to determine the variation of time and pressure on the hardness and corrosion strength of a material. The material used in this research was carbon steel with carbon chest of 0.245%. This carbon steel was a plasma technique process with a temperature of 300oC and various pressure variations, such as 1.2 mbar; 1.4 mbar; 1.6 mbar; 1.8 mbar; And 2.0 mbar. The highest hardness was found at 1.8 mbar pressure, which was 161.7 VHN. Then set with a temperature of 300oC and a pressure of 1.8 mbar and a time variation, which were 1 hour; 1.5 hours; 2 hours; 2.5 hours; 3 hours. The largest hardness value was obtained at 3 hours with a hardness value of 161.7 VHN. Then the corrosion test obtained the optimum value at 2 hours with a corrosion value of 0.69 mpy. This was because on the surface of carbon steel there was a layer of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC).
THE RELATIONSHIP PROVIDES EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING WITH THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANTS AGED 0 – 6 MONTHS AT THE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER MENGANTI VILLAGE, GLAGAH DISTRICT, LAMONGAN REGENCY
Authors: Mei Tyas Anestasia Pangestu , Saikudin Guntoro
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Nutritional needs are a very important requirement for a baby's growth and development. Most of the nutrients needed for babies aged 0-6 months are determined by the quantity and quality of mother's milk because exclusive breastfeeding has a balanced composition and is ideal for babies. The problem of malnutrition is considered by the community as a matter of course so often babies who experience malnutrition are not taken to the community health center or hospital. from the results of a preliminary study in Menganti Village, Glagah Subdistrict, Lamongan Regency, out of 10 babies aged 0-6 months, 10% of infants with poor nutritional status were found. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the nutritional status of infants aged 0-6 months. Methods: The design of this study is a correlation study with a cross sectional approach, with a mother population of 26 respondents, a sample of 25 respondents. Sampling using simple random sampling technique, data taken using questionnaire sheets and observation sheets, then analyzed by spearman test with a significance level of 5 0.05. Results: The results showed that (40%) mothers gave exclusive breastfeeding and (72%) babies had good nutritional status. The statistical test results obtained rs = 0.345 and p = 0.092, where p> 0.05..  Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and infant nutritional status. The implications of this study require the role of health workers to provide health education to mothers about breastfeeding that is appropriate for infants
Direct Inpatient Medical Costs of Operative Treatment of Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infections Are Twofold Higher Than Those of Aseptic Revisions
Authors: Yao Jie J. , Hevesi Mario , Visscher Sue L. , Ransom Jeanine E. , Lewallen David G. , Berry Daniel J. , Maradit Kremers Hilal
Published: December 2020

Background:

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are associated with substantial morbidity. A better understanding of the costs of PJI treatment can inform prevention, treatment, and reimbursement strategies. The purpose of the present study was to describe direct inpatient medical costs associated with the treatment of hip and knee PJI.

Methods:

At a single tertiary care institution, 176 hips and 266 knees that underwent 2-stage revisions for the treatment of PJI from 2009 to 2015 were compared with 1,611 hips and 1,276 knees that underwent revisions for aseptic indications. In addition, 84 hips and 137 knees that underwent irrigation and debridement (I&D) with partial component exchange were compared with 39 hips and 138 knees that underwent partial component exchange for aseptic indications. Line-item details of services billed during hospitalization were retrieved, and standardized direct medical costs were calculated in 2018 inflation-adjusted dollars.

Results:

The mean direct medical cost of 2-stage revision THA performed for the treatment of PJI was significantly higher than that of aseptic revision THA ($58,369 compared with $22,846, p < 0.001). Similarly, the cost of 2-stage revision TKA performed for the treatment of PJI was significantly higher than that of aseptic revision TKA ($56,900 compared with $24,630, p < 0.001). Even when the total costs of aseptic revisions were doubled for a representative comparison with 2-stage procedures, the costs of PJI procedures were 15% to 28% higher than those of the doubled costs of aseptic revisions (p < 0.001). The mean direct medical cost of I&D procedures for PJI was about twofold higher than of partial component exchange for aseptic indications.

Conclusions:

The direct medical costs of operative treatment of PJI following THA and TKA are twofold higher than the costs of similar aseptic revisions. The high economic burden of PJI warrants efforts to reduce the incidence of PJI. Reimbursement schemes should account for the high costs of treating PJI in order to ensure sustainable patient care.

Level of Evidence:

Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Orthopaedic Care of the Transgender Patient
Authors: Ramsey Duncan C. , Lawson Michelle M. , Stuart Ariana , Sodders Emelia , Working Zachary M.
Published: December 2020

➤ A transgender person is defined as one whose gender identity is incongruent with their biological sex assigned at birth. This highly marginalized population numbers over 1.4 million individuals in the U.S.; this prevalence skews more heavily toward younger generations and is expected to increase considerably in the future.

➤ Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) has physiologic effects on numerous aspects of the patient’s health that are pertinent to the orthopaedic surgeon, including bone health, fracture risk, and perioperative risks such as venous thromboembolism and infection.

➤ Language and accurate pronoun usage toward transgender patients can have a profound effect on a patient’s experience and on both objective and subjective outcomes.

➤ Gaps in research concerning orthopaedic care of the transgender patient are substantial. Specific areas for further study include the effects of GAHT on fracture risk and healing, outcome disparities and care access across multiple subspecialties, and establishment of perioperative management guidelines.
Researching the Blocking of Current Protection of Electrical Power Units with Transformers
Authors: Romaniuk F. A. , Rumiantsev V. Yu. , Rumiantsev Yu. V. , Dziaruhina A. A. , Klimkovich P. I.
Published: December 2020

The magnetizing current inrush appears in electrical power units equipped with transformers in case of no-load energizing of the power transformers and in a number of other cases. This phenomenon could cause a false triggering of the current protection. To prevent incorrect actions of the current protection during the magnetizing current inrush a protection blocking is carrying out. The blocking principle operation is based on the fact that in a three-phase system in normal mode and in case of symmetrical short circuit the first harmonics contained in the phase currents of electrical installations form a direct sequence and the second ones – the negative sequences. In case of an asymmetric mode, including an asymmetric short circuit, the negative sequence appears, formed by the first harmonics that are part of the phase currents of the specified system. In magnetizing current inrush modes, second harmonics of significant magnitude are present in phase currents, which form the negative sequence. Based on the analysis of the information parameters of the specified sequences currents, identification of the magnetizing current inrush and short-circuit modes is performed with the implementation of the protection blocking if necessary. The study of the current protection blocking functioning was performed using computational experiment by analyzing the calculated changes of blocking parameter compared with the threshold setpoint. The specified researching is done by using the digital model that is implemented in the dynamic modeling environment MatLab-Simulink. As a result of the performed calculations, the principal operability of the proposed current protection blocking was confirmed that provides a fairly reliable identification of the magnetizing current inrush and short-circuits modes, regardless of the degree of saturation of current transformers. It was found that the proposed principle of the current protection blocking has a higher sensitivity in comparison with the classical one based on the estimation of the ratio of the second and first harmonics of the phase currents. In short-circuit modes in an electrical power units the proposed blocking causes a current protection operation delay that can be reduced by digital filters performance improvement.
AChE-activity in critically ill patients with suspected septic encephalopathy: a prospective, single-centre study
Authors: Zujalovic Benedikt , Mayer Benjamin , Hafner Sebastian , Balling Florian , Barth Eberhard
Published: December 2020

BackgroundUp to 70% of septic patients develop a diffuse brain dysfunction named “septic associated encephalopathy” which is often solely based on clinical impressions. However, the diagnosis of septic associated encephalopathy is outcome-relevant due to an increase in mortality in these patients. Neuroinflammation as well as a disturbance of cholinergic transmission are assumed to be the causes of both delirium and septic associated encephalopathy. An alteration in cholinergic activity can be objectified by measuring the erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase-activity. Single-point measurements of acetylcholinesterase-activity are of limited value because individual and dynamic changes over time have to be anticipated. Therefore, the hypothesis should be tested whether a longitudinal analysis of acetylcholinesterase-activity in critically ill patients can help to diagnose a suspected septic-associated encephalopathy and whether acetylcholinesterase-activity differs in comparison to non-septic patients.MethodsIn this prospective, observational, single-center study, 175 patients (45 with sepsis, 130 without sepsis) were included. All patients were admitted to the surgical Intensive Care Unit of the University hospital Ulm, Germany. Patients were examined daily for the presence of delirium using the CAM-ICU. Daily measurement of the acetylcholinesterase-activity was performed in all patients. The possible time-dependent change in acetylcholinesterase-activity was analyzed with a linear regression model considering repeated measurements. Using a time-adjusted model further factors able to affect AChE-activity were investigated. For nonparametric distributions quantitative data were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. For analysis of independent samples the Mann-Whitney test was performed.ResultsAbout 90% of septic patients with suspected septic associated encephalopathy exhibited a statistically significant time-dependent in- or decrease in acetylcholinesterase-activity over a period of at least 5 consecutive days.ConclusionLongitudinal measurement of acetylcholinesterase-activity over several consecutive days revealed a change from baseline only in septic patients with suspected septic-associated encephalopathy. Therefore, longitudinal measurement of acetylcholinesterase-activity is able to diagnose septic associated encephalopathy in septic patients with delirious symptoms.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered at German Clinical Trials Register, registration number DRKS 00020542, date of registration: January 27, 2020
Development and validation of functional markers from Dw1 and Dw2 loci to accurately predict apple rootstock dwarfing ability
Authors: Yang Feng , Shen Fei , Liu Zhi , He Mingli , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Li Wei , Qiu Changpeng , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai
Published: December 2020

Background: ‘M9’ is a widely used apple dwarfing rootstock due to the outstanding effects on both precocity and vigorous control. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Dw1 and Dw2, for the dwarfing effect were previously mapped on ‘M9’, but the genetic variations that underpin the dwarfing ability have not been elucidated to date. Result: By using ‘Red Fuji’ trees grafted on 1123 hybrids from ‘Malus baccata’ × ‘M9’, the intervals of Dw1 and Dw2 were narrowed down. MdLBD3 (Md Lateral organ boundaries domain 3)and MdARF6 (Md Auxin response factor 6) were predicted as potential candidate genes from Dw1, while MdG3OX3 (Md Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 3) was a possible candidate gene from Dw2. An 11 bp deletion at -339 bp upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of MdLBD3 generated a new cis-element binding site with MdWRKY2 (Md WRKY transcription factor 2)and caused increased expression of MdLBD3. Coincidently, a ten bp deletion at -278 bp upstream of the TSS of MdG3OX3 created an additional binding site of MdABI5 (Md Abscisic acid insensitive 5), leading to higher expression of MdG3OX3. At -954 bp of the MdARF6 promoter, a 14 bp insertion destroyed the binding ability by MdGAMYB (Md transcription factor GAMYB)and reduced MdARF6 expression. The genotype effects of these insertion and deletions as diagnostic markers on dwarfing traits (tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width) were estimated in 108 F1 hybrids. The genomic predicted genetic values (GEGV) were calculated by adding up the genotype effects of the three markers and the population mean phenotype. The GEGV of the dwarfing traits exhibited high correlation coefficients of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.93 in terms of tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width for the observed phenotype values, respectively. The predictability of GEGV was validated in 64 Malus accessions. Conclusion: The development of the three functional markers, Ld/Li, Ad/Ai, and Gd/Gi, ensures the accurate genomic assisted prediction of dwarfing ability in apple rootstock breeding. The data also suggested that ABA, auxin, GA, and zeatin signals may be involved in the regulation of apple rootstock dwarfing mechanism.
GPCR19 regulates P2X7R-mediated NLRP3 inflammasomal activation of microglia by Amyloid β in Alzheimer’s diseases
Authors: Islam Jahirul , Cho Jung-Ah , Kim Ju-yong , Park Kyung-Sun , koh Young-Jae , Seong Seung-Yong
Published: December 2020

Amyloid β (Aβ) and/or ATP activates NLRP3 inflammasome (N3I) by P2 × 7R ion channel of microglia, which is crucial in neuroinflammation shown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to polymorphisms, subtypes, and ubiquitous expression of P2 × 7R, inhibition of P2 × 7R has not been effective for AD. We first report that GPCR19 is a prerequisite for P2 × 7R-mediated N3I activation and Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA), a GPCR19 ligand, inhibited the priming phase of N3I activation, suppressed P2 × 7R expression and P2 × 7R-mediated Ca++ mobilization, and N3I oligomerization which is essential for production of IL-1β/IL-18. Further, TDCA increased expression of scavenger receptor (SR) A, enhanced phagocytosis of Aβ, and decreased Aβ plaque numbers in the brain of 5x Familial Alzheimer’s disease (5xFAD) mice. TDCA also reduced microgliosis, prevented neuronal loss, and improved memory function of 5xFAD mice. The pleiotropic roles of GPCR19 in P2 × 7-mediated N3I activation suggest that targeting GPCR19 might resolve neuroinflammation in AD patients.
Long-term, continuous, and multimodal monitoring of respiratory digital biomarkers via wireless epidermal mechano-acoustic sensing in clinical and home settings for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rogers John , Ni Xiaoyue , Ouyang Wei , Jeong Hyoyoung , Kim Jin-Tae , Tzavelis Andreas , Mirzazadeh Ali , Wu Changsheng , Lee Jong Yoon , Keller Matthew , Mummidisetty Chaithanya , Patel Manish , Shawen Nicholas , Huang Joy , Chen Hope , Ravi Sowmya , Chang Jan-Kai , Lee KunHyuck , Wu Yixin , Lie Ferrona , Kang Youn , Kim Jong Uk , Chamorro Leonardo , Banks Anthony , Bharat Ankit , Jayaraman Arun , Xu Shuai
Published: December 2020

Capabilities in continuous monitoring of key physiological parameters of disease have never been more important than in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Soft, skin-mounted electronics that incorporate high-bandwidth, miniaturized motion sensors represent a powerful class of technology for digital, wireless measurements of mechano-acoustic (MA) signatures of both core vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature) and underexplored biomarkers (coughing count) with high fidelity and immunity to ambient noises. Here, we introduce an effort that integrates such an MA sensor, a cloud data infrastructure and data analytics approaches based on digital filtering and convolutional neural networks for comprehensive monitoring of COVID-19 infections in sick and healthy individuals in a population, both in the hospital and the home. This hardware/software system extracts diverse signatures of health status in an automated fashion from a single device and time series data stream. Unique features are in quantitative measurements of coughing and other vocal events, as indicators of both disease and infectiousness. Systematic imaging studies demonstrate direct correlations between the time and intensity of coughing, speaking and laughing and the total droplet production, as an approximate indicator of the probability for disease spread. The sensors, deployed on COVID-19 patients along with healthy controls in both inpatient and home settings, record coughing frequency and intensity continuously, along with a comprehensive collection of other biometrics, with recording times for individuals of more than a month after disease diagnosis. These pilot studies include 3,111 hours of data spanning 363 days from 37 COVID-19 patients (20 females, 17 males) with 27,651 coughs detected in total along with continuous measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, physical activity, and skin temperature. Manual labeling of randomly sampled 10,258 vocal events from 11 COVID-19 patients (6 females, 5 males) suggests a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 96% in cough detection using automated algorithms. The collective results indicate a decaying trend of coughing frequency and intensity through the course of disease recovery, but with wide variations across patient populations. The methodology also opens opportunities to study patterns in biometrics across individuals and among different demographic groups.
A Study on musculoskeletal complaints and working postures in pathology specialists in Iran
Authors: Rafeemanesh Ehsan , Khoee Alireza , Niroumand Shabnam , Shirzadeh Tina
Published: December 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities among health care workers. This study investigates the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and pathologist postures in laboratories.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 40 pathologists and residents were evaluated. Data was collected by Nordic questionnaire. For postural analysis, 20 minutes film was recorded while using a microscope by subjects. Posture analysis was done by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and their repetitive movements were scored. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 20.Results: The mean age and duration of employment of subjects was 36.57±7.54 years and 6.50±6.30 years, respectively. Most MSDs were found in neck (65%), wrist (57.5%), upper back (50%) and lower back (47.5%). The mean RULA grand score was higher in patients with upper back and shoulder pain. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean RULA A, the upper back pain (P=0.02) and the wrist pain (P=0.003), as well as between the mean RULA B, the neck pain (P=0.02) and the lower back pain (P=0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between duration of employment and weekly work hours.Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of MSDs among the pathologists. Therefore, performing ergonomic corrective actions is essential in order to improve their physical conditions at work.
A fundamental viewpoint on the hydrogen spillover phenomenon of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Hu Jun , Zhang Mingkai , Gou Wangyan , Zhang Sai , Chen Zhong , Qu Yongquan , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: December 2020

Hydrogen spillover phenomenon of metal-supported electrocatalysts can significantly impact their activity in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, design of active electrocatalysts faces grand challenges due to the insufficient understandings on how to overcome this thermodynamically and kinetically adverse process. We theoretically profile that the interfacial charge accumulation induced by the large work function difference between metal and support (∆Φ) and sequentially strong interfacial proton adsorption construct a high energy barrier for hydrogen transfer. Theoretical simulations and control experiments rationalize that small ∆Φ induces interfacial charge dilution and relocation, thereby weakening interfacial proton adsorption and enabling efficient hydrogen spillover for HER. Experimentally, a series of Pt alloys-CoP catalysts with tailorable ∆Φ showed a strong ∆Φ-dependent HER activity, in which PtIr/CoP with the smallest ∆Φ = 0.02 eV delivered the best HER performance. These findings have conclusively identified ∆Φ as the criterion in guiding the design of hydrogen spillover-based binary HER electrocatalysts.
Responsiveness to high intensity interval training depends on insulin sensitivity and protein content and composition of small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Apostolopoulou Maria , Mastrototaro Lucia , Hartwig Sonja , Pesta Dominik , Strassburger Klaus , Filippo Elisabetta de , Jelenik Tomas , Karusheva Yanislava , Gancheva Sofiya , Markgraf Daniel , Herder Christian , Nair Sreekumar , Lehr Stefan , Müssig Karsten , Al-Hasani Hadi , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael
Published: December 2020

High intensity interval training (HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), but its impact on metabolism remains unclear. We hypothesized that 12-week HIIT improves insulin sensitivity in people with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D, NDM). However, despite identically improved VO2max, mainly insulin-resistant persons (T2D, IR NDM) responded with improved insulin sensitivity and circulating small extracellular vesicles (SEV), along with reduced myocellular protein kinase Cε activity (T2D) or inflammation (IR NDM). These changes related to the SEV proteome, characterized by downregulated phospholipase C pathway (T2D) and upregulated antioxidant capacity (IR NDM). Thus, SEV cargo likely contributes to modulating exercise responsiveness in humans.
Microstructural differences of fibrin and self-assembling peptide hydrogels in dental pulp stem cell behavior: the effect of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose
Authors: EzEldeen Mostafa , Toprakhisar Burak , Murgia Denise , Smisdom Nick , Deschaume Olivier , Bartic Carmen , Pereira Rafaela Vaz Sousa , Opdenakker Ghislain , Lambrichts Ivo , Bronckaers Annelies , Jacobs Reinhilde , Patterson Jennifer , Oosterwyck Hans Van
Published: December 2020

Tailored hydrogels mimicking the native extracellular environment could aid in overcoming the high variability in regenerative endodontics outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the chemokine-binding and antimicrobial polymer, chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM), on the microstructural properties of fibrin and self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels. Further, to assess the influence of the microstructural differences between the hydrogels on the in vitro behavior of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).Structural and mechanical characterization of the hydrogels with and without COAM was performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to characterize their microstructure (roughness and fiber length, diameter, straightness and alignment) and by nanoindentation to measure their stiffness (elastic modulus). DPSCs were encapsulated in hydrogels with and without COAM. Cell viability and circularity was determined using confocal microscopy imaging, and proliferation was determined using DNA quantification. Inclusion of COAM did not alter the microstructure of the fibrin hydrogels at the fiber level, while affecting the SAP hydrogel microstructure (homogeneity) leading to fiber aggregation. The stiffness of the SAP hydrogels was 7-fold higher than the fibrin hydrogels. The viability and attachment of DPSCs and DNA content was significantly higher in fibrin hydrogels than in SAP hydrogels. The microstructural stability after COAM inclusion and the favorable DPSCs’ response observed in fibrin hydrogels suggest this system as a promising carrier for COAM and for application in endodontic regeneration.