bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life among people 55 years and up: results of a longitudinal study in New Zealand
Authors: Aminisani Nayyereh , Stephens Chris , Alpass Fiona , Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza
Published: March 2020

Background: This study aimed to examine the association of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and multimorbidity (MM) and its correlates over time in New Zealand.

Methods: People aged 55 years and over were invited to participate in a nationally representative population-based longitudinal study in 2006 and followed up biennially until 2016. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with an exchangeable correlation matrix and robust standard errors adjusted for both time-constant and time-varying factors using baseline and five subsequent waves of data were used, to compare a range of factors related to changes in MM and HRQOL.

Results: Of 2632 participants at baseline, 957 of the participants were classified as “MM participants”; 570 had two, and the rest had three chronic conditions. The results of the GEE regression models demonstrated that SF12-PCS decreased over time, and there was a significant difference in SF12-PCS between MM and Non-MM participants. Having MM was negatively associated with HRQOL-PCS [-3.00 (95 %CI -3.60, -2.49); p <0.001)]. Although the results showed an increase in SF12-MCS over time, the score of the mental dimension of HRQOL was lower among MM participants compared to Non-MM participants [-2.60, 95 %CI -3.09, -2.11].
Conclusions: According to this longitudinal study, there is an inverse association between MM and one of the most important health outcomes; HRQOL, in older adults.
Generation of human knock-in organoids by CRISPR-HOT
Authors: Artegiani Benedetta , Hendriks Delilah , Clevers Hans
Published: March 2020

This protocol outlines reagents and procedures to generate human knock-in organoids using our established strategy named CRISPR-HOT. The protocol describes the plasmids to be used and strategies to generate knock-in organoids from different organs.
Optogenetic control of mRNA localization and translation in live cells
Authors: Lee Sangkyu , Heo Won , Kim Na
Published: March 2020

Numerous efforts have been made toward the goal of visualizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of single mRNA molecules, yet our capacity for precisely controlling their functions lags behind. Here, we present an optogenetic approach for manipulating the localization and translation of specific mRNAs in live cells. Our technique combines blue light-responsive protein-protein interactions with mRNA visualization modules to robustly and reversibly generate protein clusters that can trap specific mRNA molecules. This sequestration reduces the binding chance of mRNAs with ribosomes, thereby dramatically attenuating protein synthesis
Treatment success and mortality among adults with tuberculosis in rural eastern Uganda: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Izudi Jonathan , Tamwesigire Imelda K. , Bajunirwe Francis
Published: March 2020

Background: Successful treatment of tuberculosis leads to clinical and public health benefits such as reduction in transmission, complications, and mortality among patients. However, data are limited on treatment outcomes and the associated factors among persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary (BC-PTB) in rural areas of high dual tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) burden countries such as Uganda. We investigated factors associated with successful treatment of tuberculosis and mortality among adult persons with BC-PTB in rural eastern Uganda. Methods: We constructed a retrospective cohort of persons with BC-PTB from a routine tuberculosis clinic database in eastern Uganda. We performed bivariate and multivariate analysis. Using a 5% level of significance, we ran a modified Poisson regression analysis to determine factors independently associated with treatment success and mortality rates. Results: We retrieved 1,123 records for persons with BC-PTB and the treatment outcomes were distributed as follows: 477(42.5%) cured, 323 (28.0%) treatment completed, 17(1.5%) treatment failed, 81(7.2%) died, 89(7.9%) lost to follow-up, and 136(12.1%) not evaluated. Overall, 800 (81.1%) of the 987 persons with BC-PTB that had treatment outcome, were successfully treated. Successful treatment of tuberculosis was less likely to occur among those with HIV infection (Adjusted risk ratio (aRR), 0.88; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.82-0.95), older than 50 years (aRR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97), or male sex (aRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98). Mortality was associated with HIV infection (aRR, 4.48; 95% CI, 2.95-6.79), older than 50 years (aRR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.74-4.92), year of enrollment into treatment after 2015 (aRR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97), and Community-Based Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (aRR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.50). Conclusions: Treatment success rate among adult persons with BC-PTB in rural eastern Uganda is suboptimal and mortality rate is high. HIV infection and older age reduce chances of treatment success, and increase mortality rate. Older and HIV infected persons with BC-PTB will require special consideration to optimize treatment success rate and reduce mortality rate.
Qualitative Study of Socio-Cultural Challenges in the Nursing Profession in Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Sidra , Zakar Rubeena , Fischer Florian
Published: March 2020

Background: In a patriarchal social system, a women-dominated profession like nursing is mostly seen as a disempowered group due to its stereotypical image and negative connotations. The low social prestige of this profession is based on the roles typically assigned to men and women to maintain gender identity according to their performance and embodiment. The aim of this study was to explore the social and cultural challenges faced by nurses while creating their professional image within the regional context of Lahore (Punjab) in Pakistan. Methods: A qualitative research design was chosen to conduct one-to-one, in-depth interviews with twelve nurses. Recruitment was based on purposive sampling from three large public hospitals in Lahore to learn about nurses’ perceptions of social and cultural challenges in the nursing profession. A thematic analysis was conducted using the data analysis software package NVIVO 12 Plus. Results: Cultural values give preference for female nurses. We have identified four major themes related to the social and cultural challenges facing the nursing profession: 1) gender-segregated profession, 2) inappropriate portrayals by the media, 3) issues around marriage settlement, and 4) identity from a religious perspective. These conflicts are affecting the professional status and changing perceptions of nurses, who either do not choose to remain in the nursing profession or do not recommend nursing as a career option. These ongoing constraints are still perpetuating and increasing shortage of nurses within the Pakistani healthcare system. Conclusion: The present study solely highlights nurses’ perspectives on redefining gender roles and gender integration within the nursing profession. It argues that there is a need for positive portrayals in the media for the removal of public misperceptions related to nursing. This would reduce the shortage of nurses along with increasing retention and improving the quality of healthcare delivered to the public.
Community-Based Outreach associated with Increased Health Utilization among Navajo Individuals living with Diabetes: a Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Franz Calvin , Atwood Sidney , Orav John , Curley Cameron , Brown Christian , Trevisi Letizia , Nelson Adrianne Katrina , Begay Mae-Gilene , Shin Sonya S
Published: March 2020

Background: Navajo community members face high rates of diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases. The Navajo Community Health Representative Outreach Program collaborated with healthcare providers and academic collaborators to implement structured and coordinated outreach to patients living with diabetes. The intervention, called Community Outreach and Patient Empowerment or COPE, provides home-based health coaching and community-clinic linkages to promote self-management and engagement in healthcare services among patients living with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how outreach by Navajo Community Health Representatives (“COPE Program”) to affected utilization of health care services among patients living with diabetes. Methods: De-identified data from 2010 to 2014 were abstracted from electronic health records at participating health facilities. In this observational cohort study, 173 cases were matched to 2,880 controls. Healthcare utilization was measured as the number of times per quarter services were accessed by the patient. Changes in utilization over four years were modeled using a difference-in-differences approach, comparing the trajectory of COPE patients’ utilization before versus after enrollment with that of the control group. The model was estimated using generalized linear mixed models for count outcomes, controlling for clustering at the patient level and the service unit level. Results: COPE enrollees showed a 2.5% per patient per quarter (pppq) greater increase in total utilization (p = 0.001) of healthcare services than non-COPE enrollees; a 3.2% greater increase in primary care visits (p = 0.024); a 6.3% greater increase in utilization of counseling and behavioral health services (p = 0.013); and a 9.0% greater increase in pharmacy visits (p < 0.001). We found no statistically significant differences in utilization trends of inpatient, emergency room, specialty outpatient, dental, laboratory, radiology, or community encounter services among COPE participants versus control.Conclusions: A structured intervention consisting of Community Health Representative outreach and coordination with clinic-based providers was associated with a modest increase in health care utilization, including primary care and counseling services, among Navajo patients living with diabetes. Community health workers may provide an important linkage to enable patients to access and engage in clinic-based health care. Trial Registration: NCT03326206, registered 10/31/2017, retrospectively registered
Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for postoperative analgesia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Huang Jiao , Liu Jing Chen
Published: March 2020

Background Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) has been increasingly applied in patients for postoperative analgesia. Its safety and effectiveness remain uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided ESPB in adults undergoing general anesthesia (GA) surgeries. Methods A systematic databases search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ESPB with control or placebo. Primary outcome was iv. opioid consumption 24 h after surgery. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model.Results A total of 11 RCTs consisting of 540 patients were included. Ultrasound -guided ESPB showed a reduction of iv. opioid consumption 24 h after surgery (SMD=-2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.76 to -1.5,p<0.00001), pain scores at 1st hour (SMD=-0.97;95% CI -1.84 to -0.1,p=0.03) and pain scores at 6th hour (SMD=-0.64,95% CI -1.05 to -0.23,p=0.002), Also, it lessened the number of patients who required postoperative analgesia (RR=0.41,95% CI 0.25 to 0.66,p=0,0002) and time to first rescue analgesia (SMD=4.56,95% CI 1.89 to 7.22, p=0.0008). Differences were not significant with the pain score at 12th hour,24th hour and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Conclusions Ultrasound-guided ESPB provides postoperative analgesic efficacy in adults undergoing GA surgeries with no increase in PONV.
Nutrition status and functional prognosis among elderly patients with distal radius fracture: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nagai Takako , Tanimoto Koji , Tomizuka Yoshiaki , Uei Hiroshi , Nagaoka Masahiro
Published: March 2020

Background: Distal radius fractures (DRF) are common in the elderly and are typically caused falls. Malnutrition has also been identified as a poor prognostic factor in elderly patients with fractures. However, the relationship between nutritional status and subsequent falls and functional prognosis for DRF in the elderly is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between nutritional status and functional prognosis in elderly patients with DRF. Methods: Study participants included 229 outpatients who required surgical treatment for DRF. The patients’ clinical information, including age, sex, body mass index, bone mineral density, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), total number of drugs being treated with on admission, use of drugs for osteoporosis, comorbidity severity, the Barthel Index (BI), presence of subsequent falls, fracture type, postoperative follow-up period, and Mayo wrist score was reviewed. Subjects were further divided into two groups according to their GNRI: the malnutrition group and the normal group. Propensity score matching was used to confirm factors affecting the BI and subsequent falls. Results: Thirty-one patients (13.5%) presented with malnutrition before surgery for DRF. According to multiple liner regression analysis, the GNRI positively affected the efficiency of the BI (β = 0.392, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.001 to 0.351, p = 0.039). Furthermore, on logistic regression analysis, subsequent falls were associated with serum albumin levels (odds ratio = 0.033, 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.477, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Malnutrition impaired improvement of activities of daily living (ADL) and increased the incidence of subsequent falls. Improvement of nutritional status before DRF surgery may further improve ADL and prevent falls.
The Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP trial): A Dutch National Study on behalf of the Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment (CPCT) to Facilitate Patient Access to Commercially Available, Targeted Anti-cancer Drugs to determine the Potential Efficacy in Treatment of Advanced Cancers with a Known Molecular Profile
Authors: Voest Emile , Verheul Henk , Gelderblom Hans , Velden Daphne van der , Hoes Louisa , Wijngaart Hanneke van der , Henegouwen Maxime van Berge
Published: March 2020

This is a prospective, non-randomized clinical trial that aims to describe the efficacy and toxicity of commercially available, targeted anticancer drugs* prescribed for treatment of patients with advanced cancer with a potentially actionable variant as revealed by a genomic or protein expression test. The study also aims to simplify patient access to approved targeted therapies that are contributed to the program by collaborating pharmaceutical companies and to perform next generation sequencing on tumor biopsies for biomarker analyses. Eligible patients have an advanced solid tumor, multiple myeloma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma for which standard treatment options are no longer available and acceptable performance status and organ function. A genomic or protein expression test must have been performed on the tumor and the results must identify at least one potentially actionable molecular variant as defined in the protocol. Results from the molecular profiling test will be used to determine an appropriate drug(s) from among those available in the protocol. The choice of drug will be supported by a list of potential profiles, a molecular tumor board, a knowledge library and by study coordinators for review and approval of the match. The protocol-specified treatment will be administered to the patient once any drug-specific eligibility criteria are confirmed and a fresh pre-treatment biopsy is performed for future biomarker studies. All patients who receive treatment with a drug available in the protocol will be followed for standard efficacy outcomes including tumor response, progression-free and overall survival as well as duration of treatment. In addition, treatment related toxicity will be evaluated.
Optogenetic control of mRNA localization and translation in live cells
Authors: Kim Na Yeon , Lee Sangkyu , Heo Won Do
Published: March 2020

Numerous efforts have been made toward the goal of visualizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of single mRNA molecules, yet our capacity for precisely controlling their functions lags behind. Here, we present an optogenetic approach for manipulating the localization and translation of specific mRNAs in live cells. Our technique combines blue light-responsive protein-protein interactions with mRNA visualization modules to robustly and reversibly generate protein clusters that can trap specific mRNA molecules. This sequestration reduces the binding chance of mRNAs with ribosomes, thereby dramatically attenuating protein synthesis
Novel T7-modified pH-responsive targeted nanosystem for co-delivery of docetaxel and curcumin in the treatment of esophageal cancer
Authors: Deng Lian , Zhu Xiongjie , Yu Zhongjian , Li Ying , Qin Lingyu , Liu Zhile , Feng Longbao , Guo Rui , Zheng Yanfang
Published: March 2020

Although single-drug chemotherapy is still an effective treatment for esophageal cancer, its long-term application is limited by severe side effects. Nanomedicines have increasingly attracted attention because of their good biological safety, targeting and high-efficiency loading of multiple drugs. Herein, we have developed a pH-responsive nanocarrier that has high affinity for the transferrin receptor, which is overexpressed by tumor cells. The system is capable of simultaneous delivery of the chemotherapy drug, docetaxel, and the Chinese Medicine, curcumin, for treatment of esophageal cancer. This novel T7-modified targeting nanosystem releases loaded drugs when exposed to the acidic microenvironment of the tumor, and exerts a synergistic anti-tumor effect, and T7-NP-DC with docetaxel and curcumin loading of 10% and 6.1%, respectively. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that improved anti-tumor efficacy could be obtained by loading docetaxel and curcumin into the T7-modified nanocarrierwithout obvious toxicity or side effects, compared to drug without nanocarrier. Furthermore, the nanocarriers conjugated with T7 short peptides were more readily taken up by esophageal cancer cells compared with normal cells.Together, our findings indicate that the materials can safely exert synergistic anti-tumor effects and provide an excellent therapeutic platform for combination therapy of esophageal cancer.
Biomechanical assessment and finite element analysis of a simulated axial-loading experiment on a wrist protector model
Authors: He Jian Ying , Zhang Li
Published: March 2020

Objective

To evaluate the biomechanical analysis and effect of the wrist protector and provide a theoretical basis for wrist fractures and the optimal design of wrist protectors.

Methods

6 cadaveric wrist models were axially loaded 600 N stress, and the stress magnitude and distribution of the experimental group (wearing wrist protectors) and control group were obtained. Furthermore, a three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to verify the scientificity and effectiveness of the models.

Results

The stresses on the radial distal palmar, ulnar distal palmar, radial distal dorsal, ulnar distal dorsal, radial proximal palmar and ulnar proximal palmar units in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the stresses on the radial proximal dorsal and ulnar proximal dorsal units were higher than those in the control group (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The stress on the radioulnar palmar unit was high, while the radioulnar dorsal unit one was relatively low. Within the range of physiological loads, wearing wrist protectors can significantly reduce the stress on the radioulnar distal palmar, radioulnar proximal palmar and radioulnar distal dorsal units.
“Universal test and treat” program reduced TB incidence by 75% among a cohort of adults taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Gurage zone, South Ethiopia
Authors: Girum Tadele , Yasin Fedila , Dessu Samuel , Zeleke Bereket , Geremew Mulugeta
Published: March 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in peoples living with HIV. At least twenty five percent of deaths are attributed to TB. It is believed that, Universal test and treat (UTT) program for HIV reduces incidence of TB and most countries implement the program. However, there is no study conducted to evaluate the impact of UTT on TB incidence. Therefore, by recruiting a cohort of ART users in the “UTT” and “differed treatment/CD4 based” programs we aimed to measure the effect of the UTT program on incidence of TB. Objective: To measure the effect of “UTT” program on TB incidence among a cohort of adults taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Gurage zone, South Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based retrospective cohort study through record review of 5 year (2014-2019) cohort was conducted in public facilities of Gurage Zone. Randomly selected 384 records were reviewed by using standardized structured checklist by trained professionals. Data was entered by Epi info version 7 and analyzed by STATA. Generalized Linear Model with binomial link function was fitted to measure adjusted incidence density/Incidence rate ratio and identify predictors of incidence difference between the two programs. Results: During the follow up period, 39 incident TB cases were occurred, and making the overall incidence rate of 4.79/100 person-year. It is significantly lower in the UTT (IR=2.10/100 person-year) than the differed program (IR=6.23/100 person-year). The adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio (AIRR) of TB among patients enrolled in the UTT program was; 0.25 (95% CI=0.08-0.70) compared to patients enrolled in the differed program. Thus, UTT program reduce TB incidence by 75%. In addition to the program, IPT use (AIRR= 0.35 (95% CI=0.22-0.48)), WHO Stage I and II (AIRR=0.70 (95% CI=0.61-0.94)) and higher Base line CD4 count (AIRR=0.96 (95% CI=.94-0.99)) significantly reduce incidence of TB. Whereas, treatment failure increase the incidence (AIRR=5.8 (95% CI=1.93-8.46)). Conclusion: TB incidence was significantly reduced by 75% after UTT. Therefore, intervention to further reduce the incidence has to focus on strengthening UTT program and IPT.
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among people with epilepsy in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Seid Jemal , Mebrahtu Kalayu
Published: March 2020

Background - Epilepsy is the world’s most common neurological disorder, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide and contributed to different psychiatric illness. Depression is one of the most frequent co morbid psychiatric disorders that affects the life of the patients. This comorbidity in people with epilepsy impose significant burdens on patients and their families. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among peoples with epilepsy in Mekelle , Ethiopia. Methods – An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected 296 people with epilepsy from April 15, 2019 – May 30, 2019. Depression was assessed by using the Patient health questionnaire (PHQs). The data were entered & clean by using Epi Info 4.4 version. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used for analysis. Factors with a p-value < 0.30 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered into the multivariate model. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result - The prevalence of depression was found to be 34.8%. Unable to read & write (AOR= 0.400, 95% CI: 0.162, 0.986), long duration of the medication intake at least for 11 years (AOR= 3.715, 95% CI: 1.498, 9.212), absence of improvement with medication (AOR= 0.216, 95% CI: 0.101, 0.460), feeling of perceived stigma (AOR= 0.244, 95% CI: 0.129, 0.462), stress symptoms( AOR= 0.452, 95% CI: 0.220, 0.928), were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion – Nowadays depression among peoples with epilepsy is high. Keywords:­­- Comorbidity, Depression, Epilepsy, Outpatient, Mekelle.
The impact of cervical sagittal parameters on axial neck pain in patients with cervical kyphosis
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Di , Shen Yong
Published: March 2020

Background:Cervical sagittal alignment is closely related with cervical disc degeneration and impacts the spinal function and quality of life, especially for cervical kyphosis (CK). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cervical sagittal parameters on the axial neck pain (ANP) in patients with CK.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of data from 263 patients who underwent to the authors’ department of this institution between January 2012 and December 2018. Radiographic evaluations were performed at authors’ department, including CK types, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic inlet angle (TIA), T1 slope, neck tilt (NT), cranial tilt and cervical tilt. Sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was classified into 2 types: global and regional type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate these parameters as the risk factors for ANP.Results: Patients in this study were divided into 2 groups according to ANP. There were 92 patients in ANP group and 171 patients in Non-ANP group. There was no significant difference in age (P=0.196), gender (P=0.516), TIA(P=0.139), NT (P=0.676), CK types (P=0.533), cranial tilt (P=0.332), cervical tilt (P=0.585) and cervical disc degeneration (P=0.695) between the two groups. T1 slope, C2-7 SVA in the ANP group was significantly higher than in the Non-ANP group (P < 0.05). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, C2-7 SVA (P=0.003, OR 2.318, 95% CI 1.373-4.651) and T1 slope (P=0.028, OR 2.563, 95% CI 1.186-4.669) were the two risk factors for the ANP.Conclusions: Based on this study, cervical sagittal parameters have a significant effect on the happening of axial neck pain in patients with CK. A higher T1 slope and larger C2-7 SVA are closely lead to the development of neck pain.
Development and characterization of Protein Kinase B/AKT isoform-specific Nanobodies
Authors: Merckaert Tijs , Zwaenepoel Olivier , Gevaert Kris , Gettemans Jan
Published: March 2020

Background The serine/threonine protein kinase AKT is frequently over-activated in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. As a central node in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which regulates various processes considered to be hallmarks of cancer, this kinase has become a prime target for cancer therapy. However, AKT has proven to be a highly complex target as it comes in three isoforms (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) which are highly homologous, yet non-redundant. The isoform-specific functions of the AKT kinases can be dependent on context (i.e. different types of cancer) and even opposed to one another. To date, there is no isoform-specific inhibitor available and no alternative to genetic approaches to study the function of a single AKT isoform. Results We have developed and characterized nanobodies that specifically interact with the AKT1 or AKT2 isoforms. These new tools should enable future studies of AKT1 and AKT2 isoform-specific functions. Furthermore, for both isoforms we obtained a nanobody that interferes with the AKT-PIP3-interaction, an essential step in the activation of the kinase. Conclusions The nanobodies characterized in this study, which can be expressed in mammalian cells, are a new stepping stone towards unravelling AKT isoform-specific signalling and can lead to the first isoform-specific AKT inhibitor.
Focal Maculopathy in the Senile Cataract Population
Authors: zhang mei , Yuan Kun , Liu Jingwen , Zheng Haoran
Published: March 2020

Objective Optical Coherence tomography (OCT) was employed to screen for maculopathy in the senile cataract population, investigate its incidence, and establish a healthy mode of management for maculopathy. Methods A visual examination, slit-lamp microscope examination, direct ophthalmoscopic fundus examination, and a macular OCT examination were performed on 102 people with senile cataracts who were over 60 years in our hospital from January 1, 2019, to July 31, 2019. The demographic characteristics such as sex, age, physical examination mode: organization/individual, and routine physical examination items: presence or absence of hypertension, body mass index (BMI), blood biochemistry, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose and others. Results Of the 102 subjects in the study, 28 were positive for maculopathy according to the OCT examination. Univariate analysis found that there were statistical differences between sexes and the presence of maculopathy (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in age, visual acuity, hypertension, BMI, fasting blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and cataract type ( P >0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, including all factors that might affect maculopathy, indicated that positivity for maculopathy and age (OR =2.549, 95%CI: 1.129–5.756, p<0.05) and gender (OR=3.907, 95%CI: 1.241–12.302, p<0.05) were related. Conclusion The incidence of maculopathy in the senile cataract population was higher than that in the elderly population without cataract disease, and the proportion is 27.45%. Screening for maculopathy in the senile cataract population, especially among the elderly and females, should be improved.
Nosocomial Tuberculosis Transmission from 2006 to 2018 in Hospital, China
Authors: XIE ZHONGYAO , ZHOU NING , CHI YUQING , HUANG GUOFANG , WANG JINGPING , GAO HUI , XIE NA , MA QIANHUI , YANG NAN , Nie Wenjuan , CHU NAIHUI
Published: March 2020

Background: Strong evidence is lacking to support effectiveness of currently implemented tuberculosis infection prevention control (TB-IPC) measures for preventing nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) transmission. This 13-year analysis is the longest follow-up investigation to date to identify risk factors underlying nosocomial TB transmission. Methods: We monitored all staff of Beijing Chest Hospital each year from 2006 to 2018. Age, gender, duration, department, education, income, respirator, ultraviolet, and ventilation were chosen as variables. Univariate cox regression, correlation analysis, and multivariate cox regression were analyzed sequentially.Results: Using multivariable cox regression analysis, variables of income, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation conferred significant protective effects, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.499, 0.058, 0.003, and 0.015, respectively (P<0.05). Medical N95 respirator conferred an excellent protective effect, with an associated TB infection rate of 0%. Notably, inadequately maintained mechanical ventilation systems were less protective than natural ventilation systems.Conclusions: UVGI, adequate ventilation, and medical N95 respirator use may be protective factors against nosocomial TB transmission. Adequate ventilator system training, monitoring, and regular maintenance are critical for achieving effective TB-IPC.Corresponding author equally to this paper: Naihui Chu: Tuberculosis Department, Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, No 9, Beiguan street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, P.R.China. Email: chunaihui1994@sina.com
Effects of supplemental β-carotene on growth performance, immune function and intestinal mucin in weaned piglets
Authors: Lang Wuying , Gong Haizhou , Li Ruonan , Wu Min , Chu Qianran , Wang Taiping , Zheng Xin
Published: March 2020

Background Weaning stress causes intestinal immune system disorders. β-carotene displays anti-inflammatory,which can prevent the development of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental β-carotene on growth performance, immune function and intestinal mucin in weaned piglets.Results A total of 45 piglets with the average body weight of 4.62 ± 0.06 kg (14 d of age) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 5 replicate pens per treatment and 3 pigs per pen and weaned at 21 d. The control group (CG) fed the basal diets from 14 d to 24 d of age. The low-dose group (LG) and the high-dose group (HG) fed the basal diets supplemented with 40 or 80 mg/kg β-carotene from 14 d to 24 d of age, respectively. Compared with the CG, t he average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of piglets in the HG were increased (p<0.05). And the IgA and IL-10 levels in serum in the HG were also higher than those in the CG (p<0.05). The IgM, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum in the β-carotene groups were lower than those in the CG (p<0.05). Periodic Acid-Schiff stain results showed that the content of mucopolysaccharide and the number of goblet cells in the intestine in the β-carotene groups were more than those in the CG (p<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence showed that the expression of MUC1 in the intestine in the β-carotene groups was lower than that in the CG (p<0.05). And the expression of mucin1 mRNA in the intestine in the β-carotene groups was also lower than that in the CG (p<0.05). However, compared with the CG, the expression of mucin2 mRNA in the intestine in the HG was increased (p<0.05).Conclusion Supplemental β-carotene could improve growth performance, immune function and intestinal mucin in weaned piglets. It is suspected that our pre-protection of β-carotene in weaned piglets may help weaned piglets safely through the weaning period.
Associations of Aminotransferases with Adverse Outcomes after Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results from China National Stroke Registry
Authors: Zong Lixia , Wang Xianwei , Li Zixiao , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Li Hao , Meng Xia , Wang Yilong , Wang Yong-Jun
Published: March 2020

Background The relationship between aminotransferases and cardiovascular outcomes has been inconsistent in previous studies. We aimed to investigate the association of aminotransferases with clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods 17,178 AIS or TIA patients with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels < 120 U/L were included from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR) for current analysis. Composite endpoint is comprised of recurrent stroke and all-cause mortality. Poor functional outcome is defined as modified Rankin scale of 3-6. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risks of one-year all-cause mortality, recurrent stroke, composite endpoint and poor functional outcome according to increasing sex-specific quintiles of ALT/ aspartate aminotransferase (AST) respectively. Results One-year incidences of all-cause mortality, recurrent stroke, composite endpoint and poor functional outcome were 11.9%, 6.0%, 13.7% and 28.2% respectively in patients with the lowest quintile of ALT, and 7.4%, 3.6%, 9.0% and 17.9% respectively in the highest quintile. Compared with the lowest ALT quintile, the adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval of the highest quintile were 0.55 (0.43-0.70) for all-cause mortality, 0.61 (0.45-0.83) for stroke recurrence, 0.62 (0.49-0.77) for composite endpoint, and 0.67 (0.56-0.80) for poor functional outcome. There was no significant interaction of ALT with age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidemia and alcohol consumption for all outcomes (p for interaction ≥ 0.10). Conclusions Low serum ALT may serve as an independent predictor for all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, composite endpoint and poor functional outcome after stroke.
Association between sitting time and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korean population: a cross-sectional study: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Joo Jae Hong , Kim Hwi Jun , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Sung-In
Published: March 2020

Background: To examine the association between sitting time and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among South Koreans aged ≥20 years. Methods : Data from the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for the analysis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed according to a hepatic steatosis index of >36. Sitting time was categorized into as < 5, 5 -7, 8 – 10, and > 10 hours. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between sitting time and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korean population. Results : A total of 13,518 participants were enrolled. The odds for having NAFLD in 5 – 7, 8 – 10, and > 10 sitting hours were 1.04 (CI: 0.85-1.28), 1.23(CI: 1.01-1.51), and 1.33(CI: 1.10-1.62), respectively. The odds ratio increased in magnitude with longer hours of sitting time (test for trend: P-value = 0.0009). Conclusion : Advising physical exercises and discouraging sedentary activities may help to alleviate NAFLD among the South Korean population.
The Use of Innominate Artery Cannulation for Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion in Aortic Dissection
Authors: Payabyab Eden C , Hemli Jonathan M. , Mattia Allan , Kremers Alex , Vatsia Sohrab K. , Scheinerman S. Jacob , Mihelis Efstathia A , Hartman Alan R. , Brinster Derek R.
Published: March 2020

Background Direct cannulation of the innominate artery for selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) has been shown to be safe in elective proximal aortic reconstructions. We sought to evaluate the safety of this technique in acute aortic dissection. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective review was undertaken of patients who underwent proximal aortic reconstruction for Stanford type A dissection between 2006 and 2016. Those patients who had direct innominate artery cannulation for SACP were selected for analysis. Results Seventy-five patients underwent innominate artery cannulation for ACP for Stanford Type A Dissections. Isolated replacement of the ascending aorta was performed in 36 patients (48.0%), concomitant aortic root replacement was required in 35 patients (46.7%), of whom 7 had a valve-sparing aortic root replacement. Other procedures included frozen elephant trunk (n = 11 (14.7%)), coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 20 (26.7%)), and peripheral arterial bypass (n = 4 (5.3%)). Mean hypothermic circulatory arrest time was 19 ± minutes. Thirty-day mortality was 14.7% (n = 11). Perioperative stroke occurred in 7 patients (9.3%). Conclusions This study is the first comprehensive review of direct innominate artery cannulation through median sternotomy for SACP in aortic dissection. Our experience suggests that this strategy is a safe and effective technique compared to other reported methods of cannulation and ACP for delivering selective ACP in these cases.
Recent epidemiology of patients with Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NEN) in Japan: a population-based study
Authors: Masui Toshihiko , Ito Tetsuhide , Komoto Izumi , Uemoto Shinji
Published: March 2020

Background The worldwide prevalence and incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) have been increasing recently, although few studies have analyzed data on the current situation of NENs in Japan. Here, the Japan Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (JNETS) planned to investigate the recent incidence and distribution of these tumors using data from the national cancer registry started in 2016. This study examined the incidence and distribution of primary sites as well as disease progression from this population-based registry.Methods A retrospective, population-based study using data from the national cancer registry in Japan (NCR) was conducted to evaluate patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic NEN (GEP-NEN) in 2016. Associated population data were used to determine annual age-adjusted incidences.Results A total of 6735 individuals were diagnosed with GEP-NEN in Japan in 2016. Annual onset incidence was 0.70/100,000 for pancreatic NEN and 2.84/100,000 for gastrointestinal NEN. NEN in the ileum accounted for only 1% of total GEP-NENs in Japan. Most NENs in the esophagus or lungs were neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), while the majority of those in the duodenum, ileum, appendix and rectum were grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Median age at initial diagnosis was in between 60 to 65. Initial progression of the tumor was mostly limited to local for tumors in the duodenum, appendix and rectum, while those in the esophagus, stomach and colon tended to show distant metastasis. In Japan, initial treatment for GEP-NENs was resection even if the tumor was NEC.Conclusions This is the first report of a national registry-based incidence and distribution of GEP-NEN in Japan. These data will serve as an important first step to determining the exact etiology and trends for this pathology in Japan.
Enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor distribution in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by PEG-ylated protein nanoparticles: model of application in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Dąbkowska Maria , Łuczkowska Karolina , Rogińska Dorota , Sobuś Anna , Wasilewska Monika , Ulańczyk Zofia , Machaliński Bogusław
Published: March 2020

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for the development and function of human neurons, therefore it is a promising target for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. Here, we studied BDNF-based electrostatic complex with dendrimer nanoparticles encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) in injured, differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, a model of neurodegenerative mechanisms. PEG layer was adsorbed at dendrimer-protein core nanoparticles to decrease their cellular uptake and to reduce BDNF-serum proteins interaction for prolonged time. Cytotoxicity and confocal microscopy analysis revealed PEG-ylated BDNF-dendrimer nanoparticles can be used for continuous neurotrophic factor delivery enhancing its distribution into cells over 24 hours without toxic effect. We offer reliable electrostatic route for efficient encapsulation and controlled transport of fragile therapeutic proteins without any covalent cross-linker; this could be considered as safe drug delivery system. Understanding of polyvalent BDNF interactions with dendrimer core nanoparticles offers new possibilities for design of well-ordered protein drug delivery systems.
Smart@Home – Supporting safety and mobility of elderly and care dependent people in their own homes through the use of technical assistance systems and conventional mobility supporting tools: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Jachan Deborah Elisabeth , Strube-Lahmann Sandra , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Lahmann Nils Axel
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: The use of technical solutions and conventional mobility aids can support the independence of people into old age in their own homes. However, we found relatively few empirical investigations on the effects and costs of these systems. METHODS: The aim of the study was to investigate usability, user satisfaction and the correlation between costs and benefits of different built-in smart home solutions and conventional mobility supporting tools in the home of elderly, partially care-dependent tenants (>65 years). A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2018 with tenants of a housing association in apartments equipped with smart home technology and conventional mobility supporting tools. The response rate in the intervention group was n=37 persons (out of 46 tenants with installed smart home and conventional solutions) and in the control group n=64 persons (out of 100 tenants without built-in smart home and conventional solutions). Data were collected by a written questionnaire regarding usability and satisfaction of the tenants with the built-in smart home solutions and conventional mobility supporting tools. In addition, both the intervention and the control group were asked general questions about communication, safety and how to deal with the need for long-term care in their own living environment. RESULTS: Results showed that with regard to usability, satisfaction and price performance ratio of the installed smart home solutions, the installation of the corresponding solutions with an overall score of 1.41 was mostly positively evaluated by the tenants. Overall, users rated the installed smart home solutions better than the conventional mobility supporting tools (mobility aids, such as handholds and increased balcony floor level). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the price performance ratio showed that smart home solutions are generally more expensive than conventional tools, but also contribute significantly to an increased security of the tenants, and thus may enable longer living in a familiar environment. We recommend modularized offers consisting of various components of smart home solutions, since this significantly reduces installation costs and allows for an individual composition according to requirements. Moreover, smart home solutions should be considered to be listed as medical aids.
Association of tau accumulation and atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study
Authors: Xu Gang , Zheng Shuzhan , Zhu Zhilong , Yu Xiaofeng , Jiang Jian , Jiang Juanjuan , Chu Zhaohu
Published: March 2020

Background To examine the patterns of longitudinal tau accumulation and cortical atrophy and their association in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We collected 23 participants (60-89 years old, 11 male/12 female) with MCI from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. All participants underwent 18 F flortauirpir (FTP) positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at the baseline and follow-up visits (12-36 months). General linear models with covariates (baseline age, sex) were used to detect brain areas of significant tau accumulation and atrophy over time. The mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential reason for sequential biomarker changes in MCI progression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, education.Results Voxelwise tau accumulation in MCI patients was predominantly located in inferior temporal, middle temporal, parietal cortex, posterior cingulate, precuneus as well as temporo-parietal regions ( P < 0.001), and MRI atrophy included inferior-middle temporal, parietal lobe, cerebellum and precuneus ( P < 0.001). Longitudinal FTP accumulation was moderately associated with MRI cortical atrophy ( r = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.405-0.414, P < 0.01). Regional analyses indicated significant bivariate associations between MRI cortical atrophy and FTP accumulation (baseline FTP cortical uptake and longitudinal FTP change). The result of the mediation analysis showed the relationship between baseline FTP uptake and longitudinal cortical atrophy was partly mediated by the longitudinal FTP cortical change (indirect effect: 0.0107, P = 0.04).Conclusions Our finding provides a preliminary description of the patterns of longitudinal FTP accumulation and cortical atrophy in MCI progression, and MCI patients with high tau binding level show increase risk of longitudinal tau accumulation, atrophy and cognitive decline.