bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COFINS e PIS - Planejamento Tributário - Incompatibilidade entre o sistema tributário brasileiro e eventual norma antielisão - Art. 116 Parágrafo único do C - Carência de eficácia - Planejamento que, ademais, harmoniza-se com os objetivos das leis ...
Authors: Desconhecido Autor
Published: March 2016

COFINS e PIS - Planejamento Tributário - Incompatibilidade entre o sistema tributário brasileiro e eventual norma antielisão - Art. 116 Parágrafo único do CTN - Carência de eficácia - Planejamento que, ademais, harmoniza-se com os objetivos das leis 10.637/02, 10.640/03, 10.833/03 e MP 164/04 - Opinião legal
O novo papel do estado na economia
Authors: Moreira Neto Diogo de Figueiredo
Published: March 2016

I - Introdução; II - Premissas sobre o estado em transformação; III - O papel do estado na economia nos modelos dominantes de estado moderno; IV - Características relevantes da transição do estado moderno para o estado pós-moderno; V - O novo papel do estado naeconomia no estado pós-moderno; VI - Apreciação do impacto das mudanças sobre os modelos de constituição; VII - O problema da constitucionalização das mudanças no Brasil; VIII - Outras tendências em curso e conclusões.
O controle da regulação no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Walton Alencar
Published: March 2016

I - Introdução; 11 - A Atuação do TCU no Controle da Regulação; 111 - Considerações finais; Referências bibliográficas.
Precedentes e vinculação. Instrumentos do Stare Decisis e Prática Constitucional Brasileira
Authors: Mello Patrícia Perrone Campos
Published: March 2016

1. Introdução. 2. Direito Comparado. 2.1. Conceitos importantes para o manejo de precedentes. Holding. Rationale. Obiter dictum. 2.2. Distinguish. 2.3. Overruling e Overriding. 2.4. Outros aspectos relevantes para o trabalho com precedentes. Relatório e fundamentação das decisões. Educação dos advogados e dos magistrados. Tecnologias. 3. O manejo de precedentes no direito brasileiro. 3.1. Regra vinculante. 3.2. Distinção entre precedente e caso a ser decidido. 3.3. Superação de precedentes. 4. Conclusão.
Valores pagos indevidamente pela administração - Errônea Interpretação legal - Valores recebidos de boa-fé - inviabilidade de restituição
Authors: Fischer Felix
Published: March 2016

ADMINISTRATIVO. AGRA VO REGIMENTAL. SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS. ERR6NEA INTERPRETAÇÃO LEGAL POR PARTE DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO. DEVOLUÇÃO. VALORES RECEBIDOS INDEVIDAMENTE. BOA-FÉ. IMPOSSIBILIDADE. Firmou-se o entendimento, a partir do julgamento do REsp 488.905/RS por esta Quinta Turma, no sentido da inviabilidade de restituição dos valores pagos erroneamente pela Administração em virtude de desacerto na interpretação ou má aplicação da lei, quando verificada a boa-fé dos servidores beneficiados. Agravo regimental desprovido.
Aposentadoria concedida em desacordo com a Constituição de 67/69 - Boa-fé - Irredutibilidade de vencimentos
Authors: Grau Eros
Published: March 2016

AGRA VO REGIMENTAL EM RECURSO EXTRAORDINÁRIO. SERVIDOR PÚBLICO. APOSENTADORIA. LEI N. 1.762/8(0 DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS. VANTAGEM PESSOAL
Argüição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental. interpretação conforme à constituição de dispositivos do código penal. declaração de inconstitucionalidade da incidência sobre a hipótese de antecipação de parto de feto comprovadamente anencefálico
Authors: Cleve Clemerson Merlin
Published: March 2016

EMENTA: Antecipação de parto de feto anencefálico. Comprovação da anomalia mediante laudo médico. Desnecessidade de prévia autorização judicial. Enquadramento no tipo de aborto. Controvérsia jurisprudencial. Ineficácia de ações individuais. Duração do processo não razoável. Ofensa a preceitos fundamentais. Interpretação conforme à Constituição dos dispositivos do Código Penal que disciplinam o tipo penal do aborto. Controle concentrado de constitucionalidade. Meio processual eficaz. Argüição de Descumprimento de Preceito fundamental. Cabimento. Requisitos satisfeitos. Devido julgamento pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Empresa de aquisição de dados sísmicos, que cede seu uso para terceiros - Não sujeição ao ISS - Aspectos constitucionais e de lei complementar - Parecer
Authors: Martins Ives Gandra da Silva
Published: March 2016

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Projeto de lei de iniciativa popular - Criação do sistema nacional de habitação de interesse social - Ausência de vício de iniciativa legislativa - Constitucionalidade
Authors: Bercovici Gilberto
Published: March 2016

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O direito à espera da lei
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

1 - Eficácia da norma constitucional. 2 - Eficácia imediata e eficácia diferida. 3 - Procedimentos especiais sobre inércia legislativa mandado de injunção e ação de inconstitucionalidade por omissão. 4 - Jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. 5 - Mandado de injunção e injunction.
A razoabilidade das leis
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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O desvio de poder no controle dos atos administrativos, legislativos e jurisdicionais
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

1. Desvio de poder administrativo. 1.1. Conceito. 1.2. Direito francês. 1.3. Direito italiano. 1.4. Direito brasileiro. 2. Desvio de poder legislativo. 2.1. Jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. 2.2. Direito italiano. 2.3. Doutrina brasileira e portuguesa. 3. Desvio de poder Jurisdicional. 3.1. Direito italiano. 3.2. Jurisprudência brasileira. 3.3. Conclusões.
Responsabilidade do Estado por dano moral
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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O retorno do pêndulo: serviço público e empresa privada: o exemplo brasileiro
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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O princípio de legalidade: ponto e contraponto
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Perspectivas do direito administrativo no próximo milênio
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Agências reguladoras da Administração
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito - Requisição de informações - Sigilo bancário
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Ordem econômica - Liberdade de iniciativa - Empresa capital nacional
Authors: Tacito Caio , Martins Ives Gandra da Silva
Published: March 2016

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Previdência privada - Instituição financeira - Lei complementar
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Desapropriação - Imissão provisória - Correção monetária
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

- Depósito para imissão na posse de bem desapropriado deve ser atualizado como garantia da justa remuneração.
Estacionamento de veículos - Gratuidade compulsória - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

Inconstitucionalidade de lei estadual que veda cobrança aos usuários pelo estacionamento de veículos.
Lei estadual - Pesagem de gás petróleo - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Ausência de responsabilidade bancária por fraudes cambiais
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Acesso à praia - Propriedade privada - Servidão de passagem
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Refinaria de petróleo - Iniciativa privada - Subsídio
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Fixação de tarifas - DNAEE - Competência
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Concessionária de energia elétrica - Postes - Taxa municipal
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Concessão de Serviço Público - Responsabilidade trabalhista - Sucessão
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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Sociedade de economia mista - Subsidiária - Contratos
Authors: Tacito Caio
Published: March 2016

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A Garantia Constitucional da Celeridade Processual e os Recursos Protelatórios
Authors: Martins Filho Ives Gandra da Silva
Published: March 2016

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Jurisdição, Incerteza e Estado de Direito
Authors: Arguelhes Diego Werneck , Falcão Joaquim , Schuartz Luis Fernando
Published: March 2016

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Uma Nova Faculdade de Direito no Brasil
Authors: Unger Roberto Mangabeira
Published: March 2016

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Copyleft, Software Livre e Creative Commons: A Nova Feição dos Direitos Autorais e as Obras Colaborativas
Authors: Lemos Ronaldo , Branco Júnior Sérgio Vieira
Published: March 2016

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Relação Banco-Cliente como Relação Típica de Consumo
Authors: Filomeno Jose Geraldo Brito
Published: March 2016

Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Breve Análise do Processo Administrativo nos Estados Unidos: a Suprema Corte e as Garantias dos Administrados
Authors: Guedes Demian
Published: March 2016

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A Prescrição em Abstrato no Processo Administrativo Disciplinar
Authors: Araújo Edmir Netto de
Published: March 2016

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Esboço Sobre a Transdisciplinaridade como Método Possível: a Superação da Co-Responsabilidade dos Consorciados nas Licitações e o Caso das PPPs
Authors: Carvalho Gilberto de Abreu Sodré , Cavalcanti Bianor Scelza
Published: March 2016

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Modulação Temporal in Futurum dos Efeitos da Anulação de Condutas Administrativas
Authors: Maffini Rafael
Published: March 2016

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Orgão Especial e Delegação Constitucional de Competências Jurisdicionais, Disciplinares e Administrativas do Tribunal Pleno
Authors: Moraes Alexandre de
Published: March 2016

Supremo Tribunal Federal e Conselho Nacional de Justiça.
Planejamento Urbano: Análise das Experiências Brasileira e Francesa no Planejamento e na Fiscalidade Urbanística
Authors: Alochio Luiz Henrique Antunes
Published: March 2016

o presente estudo, realizado junto ao Programa de Doutorado em Direito da Cidade da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UER]) , tem como função analisar, de forma breve, algumas questões envolvendo a realidade comparada do planejamento urbano no Brasil e na França.
O CADE, a Concorrência e a Operação Nestlé-Garoto
Authors: Rosa José Del Chiara Ferreira da , Gonçalves Priscila Brólio
Published: March 2016

o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a decisão proferida pelo CADE por ocasião da análise e julgamento da operação de aquisição da Garoto pela Nestlé. Procuramos demonstrar, ao longo do texto, por que entendemos que a decisão proferida em fevereiro de 2004 foi a mais acertada do ponto de vista da legislação concorrencial brasileira. Em primeiro lugar, fazemos breve digressão sobre a interpretação dada ao art. 54 e seguintes da Lei 8.884/94. Em seguida, discutimos o mérito da decisão do CADE, enfocando seus principais pontos, quais sejam, delimitação dos mercados relevantes, avaliação de competitividade e eficiências. Para concluir,analisamos a adequação da solução estrutural global no caso concreto
A Seleção dos Encarregados da Jurisdição: o Sistema Espanhol em Perspectiva Crítica
Authors: Roesler Claudia Rosane
Published: March 2016

Direitos autorais reservados a outra Editora Atlas. Consulte este artigo na Biblioteca.
Controles Concentrado e Difuso no Direito Constitucional: A Eficácia Temporal das Decisões
Authors: Pertence José Paulo Sepúlveda
Published: March 2016

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Emendas Constitucionais e Restrições aos Direitos Fundamentais
Authors: Brandão Rodrigo
Published: March 2016

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Doutrina de Precedentes e Organização Judiciária
Authors: Beneti Sidnei Agostinho
Published: March 2016

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Exercício de cargo de dirigente (grãomestre) de Instituições Maçônicas - CNJ - Pedido de Providências 596. Voto da Conselheira Germana de Moraes - Voto do Conselheiro Alexandre de Moraes - Voto do Ministro-Corregedor Antônio de Pádua Ribeiro
Authors: Desconhecido Autor
Published: March 2016

Conselho Nacional de Justiça.
Effect of the synthesis of rice non-symbiotic hemoglobins 1 and 2 in the recombinant Escherichia coli TB1 growth
Authors: Álvarez-Salgado Emma , Arredondo-Peter Raúl
Published: March 2016

Non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHbs) are widely distributed in land plants, including rice. These proteins are classified into type 1 (nsHbs-1) and type 2. The O2-affinity of nsHbs-1 is very high mostly because of an extremely low O2-dissociation rate constant resulting in that nsHbs-1 apparently do not release O2after oxygenation. Thus, it is possible that theinvivofunction of nsHbs-1 is other than O2-transport. Based on the properties of multiple Hbs it was proposed that nsHbs-1 could play diverse roles in rice organs, however theinvivoactivity of rice nsHbs-1 has been poorly analyzed. Aninvivoanalysis for rice nsHbs-1 is essential to elucidate the biological function(s) of these proteins. Rice Hb1 and Hb2 are nsHbs-1 that have been generated in recombinantEscherichiacoliTB1. The rice Hb1 and Hb2 amino acid sequence, tertiary structure and rate and equilibrium constants for the reaction of O2are highly similar. Thus, it is possible that rice Hb1 and Hb2 function similarlyinvivo. As an initial approach to test this hypothesis we analyzed the effect of the synthesis of rice Hb1 and Hb2 in the recombinantE.coliTB1 growth. Effect of the synthesis of the O2-carrying soybean leghemoglobina, cowpea leghemoglobin II andVitreoscillaHb in the recombinantE.coliTB1 growth was also analyzed as an O2-carrier control. Our results showed that synthesis of rice Hb1, rice Hb2, soybean Lba, cowpea LbII andVitreoscillaHb inhibits the recombinantE.coliTB1 growth and that growth inhibition was stronger when recombinantE.coliTB1 synthesized rice Hb2 than when synthesized rice Hb1. These results suggested that rice Hb1 and Hb2 could function differentlyin vivo.
Validation of a commercially available anti-REDD1 antibody using RNA interference and REDD1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Grainger Deborah L. , Kutzler Lydia , Rannels Sharon L. , Kimball Scot R.
Published: March 2016

REDD1 is a transcriptional target gene of p53 and HIF-1, and an inhibitor of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) complex 1 (mTORC1)-signaling through PP2A-dependent interaction, making it an important convergence point of both tumor suppression and cell growth pathways. In accordance with this positioning, REDD1 levels are transcriptionally upregulated in response to a variety of cellular stress factors such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia and DNA damage. In the absence of such conditions, and in particular where growth factor signaling is activated, REDD1 expression is typically negligible; therefore, it is necessary to induce REDD1 prior to experimentation or detection in model systems. Here, we evaluated the performance of a commercially available polyclonal antibody recognizing REDD1 by Western blotting in the presence of thapsigargin, a pharmacological inducer of ER stress well known to upregulate REDD1 protein expression. Further, REDD1 antibody specificity was challenged in HEK-293 cells in the presence of RNA interference and with a REDD1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast knockout cell line. Results showed reproducibility and specificity of the antibody, which was upheld in the presence of thapsigargin treatment. We conclude that this antibody can be used to reliably detect REDD1 endogenous expression in samples of both human and mouse origin.
On the Range of the Douglas–Rachford Operator
Authors: Bauschke Heinz H. , Hare Warren L. , Moursi Walaa M.
Published: March 2016

The problem of finding a minimizer of the sum of two convex functions—or, more generally, that of finding a zero of the sum of two maximally monotone operators—is of central importance in variational analysis. Perhaps the most popular method of solving this problem is the Douglas–Rachford splitting method. Surprisingly, little is known about the range of the Douglas–Rachford operator.

In this paper, we set out to study this range systematically. We prove that for 3* monotone operators a very pleasing formula can be found that reveals the range to be nearly equal to a simple set involving the domains and ranges of the underlying operators. A similar formula holds for the range of the corresponding displacement mapping. We discuss applications to subdifferential operators, to the infimal displacement vector, and to firmly nonexpansive mappings. Various examples and counterexamples are presented, including some concerning the celebrated Brezis–Haraux theorem.
A remarkable new genus and species of Lixini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae) from Madagascar
Authors: Gültekin Levent
Published: March 2016

Klassius gen. nov. with type species Klassius klassi sp. nov. is described from Madagascar in tribe Lixini, and illustrated. The new genus is close to Larinus and related genera from which differs by its elytra triangularly shaped, humeri so strongly inflated as to appear as an hemisphaerical disc ventrally, prosternum with a faint trace of shallow rostral canal, base of elytra arcuate towards prothorax, metepimeron completely and metanepisternum partly concealed by elytra, lateral intervals angularly curved on abdominal ventrites and flattened. Relationships between close genera are briefly discussed.
The Nevill Hall Virtual Inpatient System
Authors: Edwards P , Partridge-Wilson T , Frankish J
Published: March 2016

A novel way of managing hospital bed capacity.
Are delays in care a preventable factor in surgical deaths?
Authors: Allan M , Roberts A , Wood M , Wilson R
Published: March 2016

How hospitals are run can affect patient mortality.
A&E winter pressures: a debate about the whole NHS
Authors: Hopkins Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

A look at how policy gets formed at the RCS and other institutions.
Treasures from the Collections
Authors: Fouracre Dorothy
Published: March 2016

Child’s play in the Library
Entre o Demasiado Literal e o Excessivamente Literário: Potencialidades e Limites do Tacto Háptico
Authors: Marques Diogo
Published: March 2016

Recensão crítica de Matthew FULKERSON, The First Sense. A Philosophical Study of the Human Touch.Cambridge, M.A. & London: The MIT Press, 2014, 236 pp. ISBN 978-0-262-01996-5Recensão crítica de Alberto GALLACE & Charles SPENCE, In Touch with the FUTURE: the sense of touch from cognitive neuroscience to virtual reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, 480 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-964446-9DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_14
Ler para Ver
Authors: Sabino Ana
Published: March 2016

Recensão Crítica de Peter MENDELSUND, What we see when we read, Nova Iorque, Vintage Books, 2014, 448 pp. ISBN 978-0-8041-7163-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_18
Sentence-Alignment and Application of Russian-German Multi-Target Parallel Corpora for Linguistic Analysis and Literary Studies
Authors: Zhekova Desislava , Zangenfeind Robert , Mikhaylova Alena , Nikolaienko Tetiana
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the application of multi-target parallel corpora consisting of a single source text and multiple target translations of it for linguistic analysis. We discuss the alignment, interactive search and visualization of this type of data within a specific tool called ALuDo (Alignment with Lucene for Dostoyevsky). This is a Java implementation that uses local grammars, ontological information, bilingual dictionaries and statistical approaches for alignment and search. The data set in use is the Russian novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and three German translations of it. With this bilingual corpus quite a number of investigations in the field of linguistics and of literary studies are possible. Additionally, we release part of the resulting parallel corpus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_3
Literatura de la Memoria y la Búsqueda de la Identidad: América en las Escrituras Digitales del Yo de los Autores Emigrados a España
Authors: Escandell Montiel Daniel
Published: March 2016

La literatura digital y, en particular, la blogoficción, puede ser uno de los recursos narrativos para la construcción de una memoria del emigrado y del discurso social de la diáspora. Esto se debe a la potencia testimonial de la narrativa del yo, en la que se encuadran las blogoficciones a través de sus diferentes recursos de avatarización. En este artículo analizamos la posibilidad de un discurso de la diáspora en la literatura en línea a través de la obra de autores de origen latinoamericano  que crean y publican su obra en la red lejos de su tierra natal, desde España con la intención de explorar la creación de una voz literaria propia a través del avatar como vía para la cicatrización emocional del proceso memorístico. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_7
Os fundamentos do pensamento radical na Pensilvânia
Authors: De Paula Guilherme Tadeu
Published: March 2016

O presente artigo tratará dos primeiros anos da Pensilvânia, colônia britânica fundada pelo quacre William Penn. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, buscamos compreender de que maneira o imaginário político da região, que mais tarde se tornaria chave no processo revolucionário americano, foi influenciado pela perspectiva radical de seus primeiros habitantes. Para tanto, nossa trajetória de análise parte do arranjo entre o colonizador e o rei para a concessão das terras que se tornariam a colônia, passa pela resistência que os quakers encontraram na sociedade inglesa do século XVII por conta de seus modos marcados pela insubordinação, chega à América para compreender qual foi a colônia encontrada pelos seus “desbravadores” e termina na construção ideológica posterior que tentou construir uma imagem gloriosa da experiência colonizadora.
Os homens, as ideias, os escritos e os projetos políticos no Norte da América portuguesa oitocentista.
Authors: Cabral Flavio José Gomes
Published: March 2016

O artigo se propõe a apresentar uma reflexão sobre a circulação de ideias políticas que eram pensadas e discutidas por uma elite que desejava o rompimento do Norte do Brasil com a Coroa e implantar uma república inspirada na Revolução Americana. Em 1817 os instintos rebeldes foram severamente reprimidos com prisões e perdas de vidas. Entretanto, tais ideais vieram à tona em 1820 quando o constitucionalismo advindo da Revolução do Porto pôs em xeque os valores da monarquia absoluta reacendendo o debate em torno da autonomia das províncias. Estes pensamentos iriam conflitar com as ideias que estavam sendo tecidas no Rio de Janeiro que procuravam centralizar o poder nas mãos do príncipe regente Pedro, futuro imperador do Brasil, e contou em Pernambuco com o apoio de um grupo que se opunha à junta presidida por Gervásio Pires.
Ion- and osmoregulating renal functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Balbotkina Evgeniya Vladimirovna , Ballyuzek Marina Feliksovna , Volovnikova Viktoriya Aleksandrovna , Natochin Yuriy Viktorovich , Shakhmatova Elena Il'inichna
Published: March 2016

Aim.The study of ion- and osmoregulating renal functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for individual predictive assessment of renal response to exenatide treatment.Materials and methods.In total, 41 patients with T2DM were included in the study (12 males, 29 females). Compensated and subcompensated heart failure was observed in 80% and 20% of the patients, respectively. Nephropathy in the microalbuminuria stage was diagnosed in 34% of these patients. The patients’ ages ranged from 34 to 82 years. The mean duration of T2DM was 7 ± 1 years. The mean value of glycated haemoglobin was 8.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l. The control group included 16 healthy women, aged 24‒36 years. Ion- and osmoregulating renal functions and glycaemia levels were assessed after water loading and exenatide treatment (5 µg). Blood serum and urine osmolalities were measured using a micro-osmometer (Advanced Instruments 3300). Capillary blood glucose concentrations were determined using a test system (Accu-Chek Go). Serum and urine levels of urea, protein, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as cations were determined on a biochemical analyser (Erba XL-200 and Architect c8000), flame photometer (Sherwood-420) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu AA-6200).Results.Reabsorption of solute-free water on the background of endogenous vasopressin action was not disturbed in patients with T2DM. An increase in solute free water clearance in response to water load occurred in healthy subjects as well as in patients with T2DM. After exenatide administration, a correlation between the changes in urinary sodium excretion and blood glucose levels was found (p 0.01). The increase in diuresis in oedema exenatide-treated patients was attributed to the rise of renal sodium excretion; there is a strong correlation between values of sodium excretion during the control period and after exenatide injection (p 0.001).Conclusions.The results indicate the prognostic significance of initial kidney function to assess the capacity for removal of water and ions and the subsequent reactions to exenatide.
Russian multicentre type 2 diabetes screening program in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Chazova Irina Evgenievna , Shestakova Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: March 2016

Aim.To evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among patients with cardiovascular disease.Materials and methods.T2DM screening programs among patients with cardiovascular disease were held from 2013 to 2014 in several Russian cities. In total, 1001 patients aged ≥40 years with hypertension and/or atherosclerotic disease and without prior diagnosis of T2DM were screened in outpatient cardiology clinics. T2DM diagnosis was based on fasting plasma glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Blood pressure (BP), family history of T2DM, cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride levels were analysed.Results.Fasting glucose was measured in 1000 (99.8%) patients, HbA1c was measured in in 623 (62.2%) and OGTT was performed in 286 (2.6%). Fasting glucose detected 8% of newly diagnosed T2DM; among patients who underwentHbA1c measurement, the prevalence of T2DM was 10.91%, and among patients who underwent OGTT, the prevalence was 13.99%. Depending on the chosen test, the prevalence of undiagnosed pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance) was in the range of 14.4%–36.4%. The majority of patients with T2DM diagnosed by OGTT did not have target blood pressure and lipid levels; 67.5% had elevated systolic BP, 47.5% had elevated diastolic BP, 90.9% had high LDL (≥1.8 mmol/l) and 52.9% had high triglyceride levels (≥1.7 mmol/l).Conclusion.A high prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM (from 8% to 13.99%, depending on the diagnostic criteria) and pre-diabetic state in patients with cardiovascular disease may require screening for T2DM in this high-risk group.
Diabetes mellitus as an economic problem in Russian Federation
Authors: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Omelyanovskiy Vitaliy Vladimirovich , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Avksentieva Maria Vladimirovna , Ignatieva Viktoria Igorevna
Published: March 2016

Objective.To estimate annual expenditures attributed to diabetes mellitus (DM) per patient in Russia based on data from epidemiologic studies and to analyse DM cost drivers.Methods.The expenditures per diabetic patient were calculated as the sum of medical costs (outpatient and emergency room visits, inpatient care and medications provided during outpatient care), payments for sick leaves, disability pensions and gross domestic production (GDP) losses due to temporary disability (indirect costs). All data on resource consumption and productivity losses were derived from the dataset for Russia, collected from the point of view of a multicentre international study on the practice of DM treatment. Medication costs were based on registered governmental price lists (list of vital and essential drugs). Medical care costs were estimated using the approved public health care reimbursement rates. Disability payments were calculated on the basis of data published by the Russian Pension Fund and Social Security Fund. GDP losses were assessed using federal statistics.Results.The mean total annual costs per patient with DM type 1 (T1) were 81.1 thousand Russian rubles (RUR) and those per patient with DM type 2 (T2) were 70.8 thousand RUR. Although most patients with DMT2 were 60 years, approximately 25% of costs were nonmedical and caused by productivity losses; for patients with DM type 1(T1), this proportion was 35%. The medical cost structure differed depending on the type of diabetes. In T1, the main component was attributed to DM treatment; in DMT2, almost half of medical costs were due to DM complications. Medication costs accounted for 69% and inpatient care accounted for only 22% of medical costs in DMT1. For DMT2, the proportion spent on inpatient care (43%) was almost equal to medication costs (46%). Mean expenditures per patient with DM complications were higher; in the case of DMT2, the presence of complications increased the costs by 3 times. Mean medical costs were higher for patients not reaching the target level of Hb1Ac than those reaching it, despite age or the presence of complications. The results of regression analysis showed that the strongest predictors of costs growth were the number of admissions, presence of complications and insulin treatment. It was also demonstrated that the mean medical cost per patient with uncomplicated DM T2 on insulin therapy was 38.5 thousand RUR, which was comparable to the cost per patient with complications, receiving other glucose-lowering treatment (37.0 thousand RUR).Conclusion.Costs for patients with DM complications are considerably higher than those for patients without complications. Therefore, the key point in controlling the growth of the DM economic burden is to minimise and/or prevent the development of DM complications, which could be achieved by timely DM diagnosis and appropriate glucose-lowering therapy.
Treatment of pituitary dwarfism in children and teenagers in the Stavropol territory
Authors: Klimov Leonid Yakovlevich , Atanesyan Roza Arturovna , Uglova Tatyana Alekseevna , Vdovina Tatyana Michailovna , Kuryaninovna Viktoria Alexandrovna , Stoyan Marina Valeryevna , Dolbnya Svetlana Viktorovna , Alaverdyan Lilit Samvelovna , Arakelyan Rafael Isaakovich , Slavickaya Elena Semenovna , Demurcheva Elena Otarievna , Semenova Tatyana Boleslavovna
Published: March 2016

The article is devoted to the analysis of clinical and anthropometric indicators of 38 children and adolescents with pituitary dwarfism in the Stavropol region, receiving replacement therapy with recombinant growth hormone (rGH). The authors demonstrated a high growth stimulating efficacy of the rGR, as well as a positive impact on the level of blood cholesterol in children with somatotropic deficiency. Prognostic factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment were found (chronological age of initiation of therapy, baseline SDS of growth). In particular, it is shown that therapy with preparations of GH in children aged 8 to 10 years allows you to achieve a higher growth-stimulating effect in comparison with patients whose treatment is carried out at a later age. The study of the relationship between the initial deviation of the length of the body and the results of therapy in patients with growth hormone deficiency illustrates that a pronounced lag in growth is a predictive factor provides a more significant effect drugs rGR.
Pharmacoepidemiological study of treatment managment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Omsk
Authors: Ananicheva Elena Viktorovna , Skalskiy Sergey Viktorovich , Shukil Ludmila Vladimirovna , Petunina Miroslava Valer'evna , Paruchikova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Paymanov Ivan Valer'evich
Published: March 2016

Treatment management strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) includes glycaemic control, blood pressure and lipid metabolism parameters. Pharmacoepidemiological monitoring allows evaluating the compliance of the treatment really provided for 2DM with the present guidelines.Aim.To study the actual implementation of pharmaceuticals control for patientswith type 2 diabetes, residents of the city of Omsk, in 2013—2014.Material and methods. It was a retrospective open cohort study based on the fragment data of the Regional Diabetes Register including 33 187 cases with prescription of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD), 285 patient cases and OAD consumption and expenses data in 2014. The prescribed daily dose (PDD) was determined. It was assessed the efficiency and effectiveness of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy.Results.In Omsk metformin prevails in OAD take-in that corresponds to the modern Clinical Guidelines. Prescribed daily doses of metformin (PDD) are significantly lower (by 34.71%) than the doses fixed by the WHO Centre. The second frequently prescribed drugs are sulfonylureas with gliclazide MB at the top. PDD of glimepiride and glibenclamide are considerably higher than DDD. DPP-4 medicines are quite often prescribed (up to 10.2% as a part of the combined therapy, including fixed combinations).Conclusion.The efficacy of antihyperglycemic therapy assessed upon achievement of HbA1c individual target in Omsk is 40.5%. Most patients with type 2 diabetes in the studied cohort have had the adequate antihypertensive therapy with reaching a target blood pressure in 75.8% of patients. Statin drugs are prescribed only in 39.3% of cases of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes, and only in 32.3% of them the targets of lipid metabolism parameters are achieved.
Differential and diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic value of test with clomifene in men with a Hypogonadizm
Authors: Rozhivanov Roman Viktorovich , Kurbatov Dmitriy Gennad'evich , Kravtsova Nataliya Sergeevna
Published: March 2016

Aim.In the real research test with an antiestrogen clomifene is offered for differential diagnostics of potential reversibility of a hypogonadism.Material and methods.After initial determination of levels of testosterone and LH, to 55 men with a hypogonadism clomifene citrate of 50 mg orally daily in the morning for 10 days was administrated. Levels of testosterone and LH repeatedly were defined on the 11th day.Results.The carried-out test with clomifene eliminated a hypogonadism at 85,5% of patients, thus the effect remained at 40%. The test was safe, at one of men of side effects it wasn’t noted. For patients with negative result of test (preservation of a hypogonadism) administration of preparations of testosterone was recommended. Conclusions. Test allows not only to differentiate reversibility of a hypogonadism, but also in some cases completely to eliminate it.
The clinical and immunological indices and their interaction with thyroid status in patients with Graves’ disease depending on thyrocytes peroxidase autoantibodies level
Authors: Savchenko Andrey Anatol'evich , Dogadin Sergey Anatol'evich , Dudina Margarita Andreevna , Matsynina Valentina Petrovna
Published: March 2016

The process of antibody production against thyroid peroxidase and their relation to the complement-mediated cytotoxicity have the most pronounced cytotoxic effect on thyrocytes in Graves’ disease.Aim.To study the clinical and immunological indices and their interaction with thyroid status in patients with Graves’ disease depending on thyrocytes peroxidase autoantibodies level.Material and methods.The study included 35 women aged 18 to 55 years, mean age of 39.1±7.2, with verified diagnosis of Graves’ disease for the first time, before antithyroid therapy. The clinical and immunological parameters and their relationship with thyroid status studied depending on the level of AT-TPO. The definition of thyroid hormones content was measured using immunoradiometricassay analysis with standard test kits. AT-TPO was assessed by ELISA. Population and subpopulation composition of blood lymphocytes was evaluated using the method of indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19 and HLA-DR. The humoral subset pattern characterized by the relative synthesis of IgA/CD19+, Ig M/CD19+, IgG/CD19+.Results.The most significant changes in population and subpopulation composition of lymphocytes was found in patients with more than 100 IU/L AT-TPO level and characterized by an increase in absolute lymphocyte, relative and absolute number of CD19+ and HLA-DR+cells, and CD3+ and CD8+cells, as compared to the control range and the values identified in group with AT-TPO less than 100 IU/L. A strong negative relationship AT-TPO with the number of T-lymphocytes (r=–0.75; p<0.001) and moderate with the relative synthesis level of IgM (r=–0,53; p=0.017) have been revealed. In Graves’ disease patients with AT-TPO more than 100 IU/l levels the statistically significant relationships were not found.Conclusion.The immunopathogenesis of Graves’ disease is characterized by positive correlation in AT-TPO and indicators of b-cell immunity, and negative — with the parameters of T-cell immunity, regardless of thyrocytes peroxidase autoantibodies concentration.
The influence of novel GPR119 agonist on body weight, food intake and glucose metabolism in obesity rats provoked high-fat and -carbohydrate diet
Authors: Tiurenkov Ivan Nikolaevich , Kurkin Denis Vladimirovich , Bakulin Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Volotova Elena Vladimirovna , Chafeev Mikhail Ayratovich
Published: March 2016

The search for new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity remains an urgent problem. Drugs with influence on incretin system are widely used in the treatment of T2DM and obesity, since in addition to the hypoglycemic action of their inherent hypophagic effects. With the discovery of GPR119 receptor, there is the opportunity to pharmacological stimulation of endogenous secretion of incretins. Compound ZB-16 is active GPR119 agonist with IC50=7 nM. Its activation leads to increased secretion of the major incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), which are able to influence glucose metabolism and feeding behavior.Aims — to study the effect of GPR 119 receptor agonist compounds ZB-16 on blood glucose, body weight and food intake in rats with obesity.Material and methods.Male rats with initial weight 390—400 g were fed with high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. During the next four weeks the animals orally received ZB-16 (1 mg/kg) and metformin (400 mg/kg) and then we assessed the level of water and food consumption, blood glucose levels, and performed oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Results.Compound ZB-16 and metformin reduced fasting blood glucose levels and weight of experimental animals, while the control rats gained weight. GPR119 agonist is more pronounced than metformin reduced the area under the curve «glucose of concentration—time» during the OGTT.Conclusions.Novel GPR119 agonist — ZB-16 is comparable to metformin in hypoglycemic and anorexigenic effect in animals with obesity caused high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet.
ACTH ectopic syndrome caused by corticomedullary mixed tumor
Authors: Marova Evgeniya Ivanovna , Kuznetsov Nikolay Sergeevich , Rozhinskaya Lyudmila Yakovlevna , Remizov Oleg Valer'evich , Latkina Nonna Vadimovna , Tikhonova Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Kats Lyubov Efimovna , Voronkova Iya Aleksandrovna , Lapshina Anastasiya Mikhaylovna , Kolesnikova Galina Sergeevna
Published: March 2016

We report the case of a 61 year old woman with a typical clinical picture of ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Diagnostic tests confirmed ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome, which is caused by corticomedullary mixed tumor. ACTH-secreting pheochromocytoma are rarely described in accessible literature, there is no one case report about ACTH-secreting corticomedullary mixed tumor. Due to the rarity of the disease, we believe it appropriate to share our experience and consider all variants of interaction in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which could lead to morphology and clinical changes uncovered in this case.
Systematic Review and Critique of the Contributions of Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Beluga Whales in the Marine Mammal Literature + Supplementary Appendix Table (See Article Tools)
Authors: Breton-Honeyman Kaitlin , Furgal Chris M. , Hammill Michael O.
Published: March 2016

In this study we systematically review and critique literature containing Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) as a case study to gain insights into TEK’s contributions to the marine mammal literature over the past four decades. We reviewed multiple searchable online databases, collected both academic and grey literature, and categorized it by geographic and disciplinary focus, as well as by the contribution of TEK to the source. Of the total 137 papers retained in the final analysis, 67% referred to the Canadian North, particularly the Hudson Bay subregion. Articles that included informal or anecdotal representations of TEK of belugas were the most prevalent. The number of papers containing TEK of belugas increased rapidly between 1975 and 2004 but appears to have leveled off since then. Biological papers represented the largest disciplinary focus (72%), followed by papers on management or co-management. This review showed that although knowledge of Indigenous peoples has made substantial contributions to the understanding of beluga, there is a lack of explicit collection, documentation, and use of TEK in the literature on belugas and particularly in the literature on beluga management.
Validity and Reliability of Scores Obtained on Multiple-Choice Questions: Why Functioning Distractors Matter
Authors: Ali Syed Haris , Carr Patrick A. , Ruit Kenneth G.
Published: March 2016

Purpose Plausible distractors are important for accurate measurement of knowledge via multiple-choice questions (MCQs). This study demonstrates the impact of higher distractor functioning on validity and reliability of scores obtained on MCQs. Methods Free-response (FR) and MCQ versions of a neurohistology practice exam were given to four cohorts of Year 1 medical students. Consistently non-functioning multiple-choice distractors (<5% selection frequency) were replaced with those developed from incorrect responses on FR version of the items, followed by administration of the revised MCQ version to subsequent two cohorts. Validity was assessed by comparing an index of expected MCQ difficulty with an index of observed MCQ difficulty, while reliability was assessed via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient before and after replacement of consistently non-functioning distractors. Result Pre-intervention, effect size (Cohen’s d) of the difference between mean expected and observed MCQ difficulty indices was noted to be 0.4 – 0.59. Post-intervention, this difference reduced to 0.15 along with an increase in Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of scores obtained on MCQ version of the exam. Conclusion Multiple-choice distractors developed from incorrect responses on free-response version of the items enhance the validity and reliability of scores obtained on MCQs.
The Opt Out Revolt: Democracy and Education
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: March 2016

In the United States today, the age of monopoly-finance capital and neoliberal politics, all aspects of social life are being financialized at breakneck speed, while the economy as a whole and employment remain lackluster. Financial flows of whatever kind are converted into "securitized" assets to be leveraged by Wall Street speculators. The data of private communications are mined. Health care is converted into a realm of super profits. Public water and electric facilities are sold to the highest bidder. The political system is turned into an open-air auction. Even pollution is treated as a market.… At the center of this juggernaut is elementary and secondary education, which receives over $550 billion in annual public spending, equal to the GDP of Belgium, ranked twenty-fifth worldwide in national income. The new copyrighted Common Core State Standards, and the accompanying standardized tests run by two multi-state consortia in conjunction with testing companies, are "high stakes" not merely for schools, teachers, and students, but also for the vested interests of capital.

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The Testing Resistance and Reform Movement
Authors: Neill Monty
Published: March 2016

In the spring of 2015, more than 620,000 students refused to take state standardized exams. The numbers were stunning in some places: 240,000 in New York; 110,000 in New Jersey; 100,000 in Colorado; 50,000 in Washington; 44,000 in Illinois; 20,000 in Oregon and Florida; 10,000 each in New Mexico and Rhode Island. Statewide, the New York opt-out rate reached 20 percent, topping 70 percent in some districts. Washington's numbers represented half the grade eleven class. In several other states, high school refusals reached 15 percent.… These numbers are a huge leap over 2014, when the Opt Out movement first began to have an impact.… Leaders predict the numbers will escalate again in the March to May 2016 testing season.

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Should New York City Teachers Support Opt Out?: Two Views in the UFT
Authors: Antush John C.
Published: March 2016

New York State's Opt Out movement was described by the New York Times as "the vanguard of an anti-testing fervor that has spread across the country." The movement consists primarily of parents and students who fought against high-stakes Common Core State Standard (CCSS) tests by "opting out" of taking the exams.… [However,] this article is not about the massive parent and student-led "Opt Out Spring" of 2015. It is about how Opt Out threw into relief two different ways of thinking about unionism within New York City's UFT [United Federation of Teachers].… The leadership of…[the UFT,] the largest union local of any kind in the United States…. supported the CCSS and standardized testing, including the use of student test scores as part of teacher evaluations, and refused to support Opt Out.… Meanwhile, rank-and-file UFTers in the MORE-UFT (Movement of Rank and File Educators) caucus and other groups joined the city's Opt Out movement as part of the struggle against "ed deform."

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Estudio exploratorio del tratamiento de agua de lavado de tintas por método de electrocoagulación/electroflotación
Authors: García Vaca María Camila , García Ubaque César Augusto , De Plaza Solórzano Juan Sebastián
Published: March 2016

Las aguas de lavado de tinta se catalogan como contaminantes debido a que son sustancias en su mayoría poliaromáticas, carcinogénicas, mutagénicas y teratogénicas para gran variedad de seres vivos. Dentro de los métodos de descontaminación, la electrocoagulación/electroflotación es reconocido como un tratamiento altamente eficiente para la remoción de contaminantes disueltos en agua, y su efecto sobre colorantes ha sido estudiado y descrito. No tiene, sin embargo, aplicación industrial en Colombia en la actualidad y su lugar en los objetivos de investigación académica en el país es aún muy marginal. Por esa razón, este trabajo es un estudio exploratorio del tratamiento de un residuo industrial de tinta de imprenta por medio del método de electrocoagulación/electroflotación. Se aplicó un diseño experimental 22 con un punto central. Se obtuvo un rango de porcentajes de remoción de DQO entre 10,43% hasta 50,93%. No obstante, los resultados evidencian la posibilidad de que la descontaminación por electrocoagulación puede ser reversible, y no se observa la incidencia esperada de los factores escogidos.