bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change Detection of Mangrove Forests in Coastal Guangdong during the Past Three Decades Based on Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Ma Chunlei , Ai Bin , Zhao Jun , Xu Xiaoping , Huang Wei
Published: April 2019

Mangrove forests are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth and mainly grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes. They provide many important ecological and societal functions. However, rapid spatiotemporal variations in mangroves have been observed worldwide, especially in the coastal zones of developing areas, and the integrity of mangroves has been significantly affected by anthropogenic activities in recent decades. The goal of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of mangrove distribution over the past 30 years in Guangdong Province. This goal was achieved by classifying multi-temporal Landsat images using a decision tree method based on Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm. The driving forces resulting in these spatiotemporal variations of mangroves were then discussed. Our analysis revealed that the classification method used in this study yielded good accuracy, with an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of higher than 90% and 0.8, respectively. In Guangdong province, the mangrove forests covered areas of 9305, 9556, 6793, and 9700 ha in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015, respectively, with remarkable inter-annual changes. Mangrove forests are mainly located in Western Guangdong, and few are located in Eastern Guangdong. The distribution of mangrove patches became more fragmented from 1985 to 2005 and less fragmented from 2005 to 2015, and the distribution pattern in 2015 showed stronger connectivity than that in 1985. Natural factors, such as temperature, sea level rise, extreme weather events, and the length of the coastline, have macroscopic effects on the distribution of mangrove forests. Anthropogenic activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, and aquaculture development, have negative effects on the distribution of mangroves. On the other hand, the establishment of nature reserves has positive effects on the distribution of mangroves. The findings of this study provide a reference for the management and protection of mangroves, which is of great practical significance.
Mapping Tidal Flats with Landsat 8 Images and Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of the China’s Eastern Coastal Zone circa 2015
Authors: Zhang Kangyong , Dong Xuanyan , Liu Zhigang , Gao Wenxiu , Hu Zhongwen , Wu Guofeng
Published: April 2019

Accurate and up-to-date tidal flat mapping is of much importance to learning how coastal ecosystems work in a time of anthropogenic disturbances and rising sea levels, which will provide scientific instruction for sustainable management and ecological assessments. For large-scale and high spatial-resolution mapping of tidal flats, it is difficult to obtain accurate tidal flat maps without multi-temporal observation data. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential and advantages of the freely accessible Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery archive and Google Earth Engine (GEE) for accurate tidal flats mapping. A novel approach was proposed, including multi-temporal feature extraction, machine learning classification using GEE and morphological post-processing. The 50 km buffer of the coastline from Hangzhou Bay to Yalu River in China’s eastern coastal zone was taken as the study area. From the perspective of natural attributes and unexploited status of tidal flats, we delineated a broader extent comprising intertidal flats, supratidal barren flats and vegetated flats, since intertidal flats are major component of the tidal flats. The overall accuracy of the resultant map was about 94.4% from a confusion matrix for accuracy assessment. The results showed that the use of time-series images can greatly eliminate the effects of tidal level, and improve the mapping accuracy. This study also proved the potential and advantage of combining the GEE platform with time-series Landsat images, due to its powerful cloud computing platform, especially for large scale and longtime tidal flats mapping.
Tracking and Simulating Pedestrian Movements at Intersections Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Zhu Jiasong , Chen Siyuan , Tu Wei , Sun Ke
Published: April 2019

For a city to be livable and walkable is the ultimate goal of future cities. However, conflicts among pedestrians, vehicles, and cyclists at traffic intersections are becoming severe in high-density urban transportation areas, especially in China. Correspondingly, the transit time at intersections is becoming prolonged, and pedestrian safety is becoming endangered. Simulating pedestrian movements at complex traffic intersections is necessary to optimize the traffic organization. We propose an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based method for tracking and simulating pedestrian movements at intersections. Specifically, high-resolution videos acquired by a UAV are used to recognize and position moving targets, including pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles, using the convolutional neural network. An improved social force-based motion model is proposed, considering the conflicts among pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles. In addition, maximum likelihood estimation is performed to calibrate an improved social force model. UAV videos of intersections in Shenzhen are analyzed to demonstrate the performance of the presented approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed social force-based motion model can effectively simulate the movement of pedestrians and cyclists at road intersections. The presented approach provides an alternative method to track and simulate pedestrian movements, thus benefitting the organization of pedestrian flow and traffic signals controlling the intersections.
Mapping Forest Type and Tree Species on a Regional Scale Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data
Authors: Hościło Agata , Lewandowska Aneta
Published: April 2019

There are a limited number of studies addressing the forest status, its extent, location, type and composition over a larger area at the regional or national levels. The dense time series and a wide swath of Sentinel-2 data are a good basis for forest mapping and tree species identification over a large area. This study presents the results of the classification of the forest/non-forest cover, forest type (broadleaf and coniferous) and the identification of eight tree species (beech, oak, alder, birch, spruce, pine, fir, and larch) using the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data in combination with topographic information. The study was conducted over the large mountain area located in southern Poland. The Random Forest classifier was used to first derive a forest/non-forest map. Second, the forest was classified into broadleaf and coniferous. Finally, the tree species classification was carried out following two approaches: (i) Non-stratified, where all species were classified together within the forest mask and (ii) stratified, where the broadleaf and coniferous tree species were classified separately within the forest type masks. The overall accuracy for the forest/non-forest cover reached 98.3% and declined slightly to 94.8% for the classification of the forest type. The use of the topographic information did not increase the accuracy of either result. The role of the topographic variables increased significantly in the process of tree species delineation. By combining the topographic information (in particular, digital elevation model) with the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data, the classification of eight tree species improved from 75.6% to 81.7% (approach 1). A further increase in accuracy to 89.5% for broadleaf and 82% for coniferous species was observed following the stratified approach number 2. The highest overall accuracy (above 85%) was obtained for beech, oak, birch, alder, and larch. The study confirmed the potential of the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data for accurate delineation of the forest cover, forest type, and tree species at the regional scale.
A Two-Stage Method for Online Signature Verification Using Shape Contexts and Function Features
Authors: Jia Yu , Huang Linlin , Chen Houjin
Published: April 2019

As a behavioral biometric trait, an online signature is extensively used to verify a person’s identity in many applications. In this paper, we present a method using shape contexts and function features as well as a two-stage strategy for accurate online signature verification. Specifically, in the first stage, features of shape contexts are extracted from the input and classification is made based on distance metric. Only the inputs passing by the first stage are represented by a set of function features and verified. To improve the matching accuracy and efficiency, we propose shape context-dynamic time warping (SC-DTW) to compare the test signature with the enrolled reference ones based on the extracted function features. Then, classification based on interval-valued symbolic representation is employed to decide if the test signature is a genuine one. The proposed method is evaluated on SVC2004 Task 2 achieving an Equal Error Rate of 2.39% which is competitive to the state-of-the-art approaches. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evaluating Maize Genotype Performance under Low Nitrogen Conditions Using RGB UAV Phenotyping Techniques
Authors: Buchaillot Ma. Luisa , Gracia-Romero Adrian , Vergara-Diaz Omar , Zaman-Allah Mainassara A. , Tarekegne Amsal , Cairns Jill E. , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Araus Jose Luis , Kefauver Shawn C.
Published: April 2019

Maize is the most cultivated cereal in Africa in terms of land area and production, but low soil nitrogen availability often constrains yields. Developing new maize varieties with high and reliable yields using traditional crop breeding techniques in field conditions can be slow and costly. Remote sensing has become an important tool in the modernization of field-based high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP), providing faster gains towards the improvement of yield potential and adaptation to abiotic and biotic limiting conditions. We evaluated the performance of a set of remote sensing indices derived from red–green–blue (RGB) images along with field-based multispectral normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD values) as phenotypic traits for assessing maize performance under managed low-nitrogen conditions. HTPP measurements were conducted from the ground and from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). For the ground-level RGB indices, the strongest correlations to yield were observed with hue, greener green area (GGA), and a newly developed RGB HTPP index, NDLab (normalized difference Commission Internationale de I´Edairage (CIE)Lab index), while GGA and crop senescence index (CSI) correlated better with grain yield from the UAV. Regarding ground sensors, SPAD exhibited the closest correlation with grain yield, notably increasing in its correlation when measured in the vegetative stage. Additionally, we evaluated how different HTPP indices contributed to the explanation of yield in combination with agronomic data, such as anthesis silking interval (ASI), anthesis date (AD), and plant height (PH). Multivariate regression models, including RGB indices (R2 > 0.60), outperformed other models using only agronomic parameters or field sensors (R2 > 0.50), reinforcing RGB HTPP’s potential to improve yield assessments. Finally, we compared the low-N results to the same panel of 64 maize genotypes grown under optimal conditions, noting that only 11% of the total genotypes appeared in the highest yield producing quartile for both trials. Furthermore, we calculated the grain yield loss index (GYLI) for each genotype, which showed a large range of variability, suggesting that low-N performance is not necessarily exclusive of high productivity in optimal conditions.
Sensitivity of Safe Trajectory in a Game Environment on Inaccuracy of Radar Data in Autonomous Navigation
Authors: Lisowski Józef
Published: April 2019

This article provides an analysis of the autonomous navigation of marine objects, such as ships, offshore vessels and unmanned vehicles, and an analysis of the accuracy of safe control in game conditions for the cooperation of objects during maneuvering decisions. A method for determining safe object strategies based on a cooperative multi-person positional modeling game is presented. The method was used to formulate a measure of the sensitivity of safe control in the form of a relative change in the payment of the final game; to determine the final deviation of the safe trajectory from the set trajectory of the autonomous vehicle movement; and to calculate the accuracy of information in terms of evaluating the state of the control process. The sensitivity of safe control was considered in terms of both the degree of the inaccuracy of radar information and changes in the kinematics and dynamics of the object itself. As a result of the simulation studies of the positional game algorithm, which used an example of a real situation at sea of passing one's own object with nine other encountered objects, the sensitivity characteristics of safe trajectories under conditions of both good and restricted visibility at sea are presented.
A High Sensitivity Temperature Sensing Probe Based on Microfiber Fabry-Perot Interference
Authors: Li Zhoubing , Zhang Yue , Ren Chunqiao , Sui Zhengqi , Li Jin
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a miniature Fabry-Perot temperature probe was designed by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to encapsulate a microfiber in one cut of hollow core fiber (HCF). The microfiber tip and a common single mode fiber (SMF) end were used as the two reflectors of the Fabry-Perot interferometer. The temperature sensing performance was experimentally demonstrated with a sensitivity of 11.86 nm/°C and an excellent linear fitting in the range of 43–50 °C. This high sensitivity depends on the large thermal-expansion coefficient of PDMS. This temperature sensor can operate no higher than 200 °C limiting by the physicochemical properties of PDMS. The low cost, fast fabrication process, compact structure and outstanding resolution of less than 10−4 °C enable it being as a promising candidate for exploring the temperature monitor or controller with ultra-high sensitivity and precision.
Hidden Markov Model-Based Smart Annotation for Benchmark Cyclic Activity Recognition Database Using Wearables
Authors: Martindale Christine F. , Sprager Sebastijan , Eskofier Bjoern M.
Published: April 2019

Activity monitoring using wearables is becoming ubiquitous, although accurate cycle level analysis, such as step-counting and gait analysis, are limited by a lack of realistic and labeled datasets. The effort required to obtain and annotate such datasets is massive, therefore we propose a smart annotation pipeline which reduces the number of events needing manual adjustment to 14%. For scenarios dominated by walking, this annotation effort is as low as 8%. The pipeline consists of three smart annotation approaches, namely edge detection of the pressure data, local cyclicity estimation, and iteratively trained hierarchical hidden Markov models. Using this pipeline, we have collected and labeled a dataset with over 150,000 labeled cycles, each with 2 phases, from 80 subjects, which we have made publicly available. The dataset consists of 12 different task-driven activities, 10 of which are cyclic. These activities include not only straight and steady-state motions, but also transitions, different ranges of bouts, and changing directions. Each participant wore 5 synchronized inertial measurement units (IMUs) on the wrists, shoes, and in a pocket, as well as pressure insoles and video. We believe that this dataset and smart annotation pipeline are a good basis for creating a benchmark dataset for validation of other semi- and unsupervised algorithms.
A PSO-Based Uneven Dynamic Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ruan Danwei , Huang Jianhua
Published: April 2019

Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by energy-constrained batteries, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime. However, most of the protocols do not well balance the energy consumption of the WSNs. The hotspot problem caused by unbalanced energy consumption in the WSNs reduces the network lifetime. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP). In the PUDCRP protocol, the distribution of the clusters will change dynamically when some nodes fail. The PSO algorithm is used to determine the area where the candidate CH (cluster head) nodes are located. The adaptive clustering method based on node distribution makes the cluster distribution more reasonable, which balances the energy consumption of the network more effectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmission between the BS (Base Station) and CH nodes, we also propose a connecting line aided route construction method to determine the most appropriate next hop. Compared with UCCGRA, multi-hop EEBCDA, EEMRP, CAMP, PSO-ECHS and PSO-SD, PUDCRP prolongs the network lifetime by between 7.36% and 74.21%. The protocol significantly balances the energy consumption of the network and has better scalability for various sizes of network.
Perceptions of Chemical Safety in Laboratories
Authors: Al-Zyoud Walid , Qunies Alshaimaa M. , Walters Ayana U. C. , Jalsa Nigel K.
Published: April 2019

This study investigates the state of the perceptions of chemical safety in laboratories among undergraduate students of the Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering departments at the German Jordanian University in Jordan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted anonymously with a random sample size of 174 students. A questionnaire of 32 questions was designed with five sections: demographic data, familiarity of chemical hazard signs, attitude towards chemical laboratory safety, safety practices, and familiarity with emergency equipment and procedure. The descriptive statistics showed that students demonstrated fair to good familiarity and understanding of chemical hazard warning signs. Most students had poor to fair attitudes towards chemical laboratory safety; but the assessment of students’ chemical laboratory safety practices revealed fair to good practices. While students safety awareness and practices, but not attitude, at this university were acceptable, safety procedures need to be implemented within a more professional safety education and coherent risk and safety climate management.
Local Meteoric Water Line of Northern Chile (18° S–30° S): An Application of Error-in-Variables Regression to the Oxygen and Hydrogen Stable Isotope Ratio of Precipitation
Authors: Boschetti Tiziano , Cifuentes José , Iacumin Paola , Selmo Enricomaria
Published: April 2019

In this study, a revision of the previously published data on hydrogen (2H/1H) and oxygen (18O/16O) stable isotope ratio of precipitation in northern Chile is presented. Using the amount-weighted mean data and the combined standard deviation (related to both the weighted mean calculation and the spectrometric measurement), the equation of the local meteoric line calculated by error-in-variables regression is as follows: Northern Chile EIV-LMWL: δ2H = [(7.93 ± 0.15) δ18O] + [12.3 ± 2.1]. The slope is similar to that obtained by ordinary least square regression or other types of regression methods, whether weighted or not (e.g., reduced major axis or major axis) by the amount of precipitation. However, the error-in-variables regression is more accurate and suitable than ordinary least square regression (and other types of regression models) where statistical assumptions (i.e., no measurement errors in the x-axis) are violated. A generalized interval of δ2H = ±13.1‰ is also proposed to be used with the local meteoric line. This combines the confidence and prediction intervals around the regression line and appears to be a valid tool for distinguishing outliers or water samples with an isotope composition significantly different from local precipitation. The applicative examples for the Pampa del Tamarugal aquifer system, snow samples and the local geothermal waters are discussed.
THE IMAGINED COMMUNITY REVISITED THROUGH A MOCK-NATIONALISTIC YOUTUBE WEB SERIES
Authors: Andacht Fernando
Published: April 2019

This paper is based on the question: can we revisit the notion of ‘imagined community’ (Anderson, 1983) to use it as a reliable analytical tool for media studies in the digital age? The concept is widely used in social sciences and media studies, but is used more often than not with total disregard for its epistemological purport, thus jeopardizing its heuristic value. I consider a concept initially proposed as a valuable approach to study the emergence of nations in the 19th century, adapting it to analyze a popular parodic take on the 21st century nation which takes YouTube as its medium. I argue that Anderson’s ‘imagined community’ benefits from being redefined in terms of Peircean semiotics. My approach is based on Peirce’s phaneroscopic categories, and on the iconic working of the human imagination. As a case study for this revisited concept, I use a YouTube weekly series called Tiranos Temblad, which consists of an odd medley of amateur videos drawn from that social media website. The topic of all these videos is a discussion of or reflection on the small Latin American nation of Uruguay. Some of the edited videos are local but many come from abroad. The latter enthusiastically praise Uruguay but lack even the most elementary knowledge about it, as the voice-over narrative never fails to remark and celebrate in a deadpan style that makes the series curiously funny. I claim that this web series is a parodical revisiting of nationalism and of the rebranding of a nation.
POSTCARD FROM ISTANBUL: DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CITY AS MEMORY IN TASOS BOULMETIS’S POLÍTIKI KOUZÍNA / A TOUCH OF SPICE / BAHARATIN TADI
Authors: Dimitriadis Giorgos
Published: April 2019

Reconstructing space with the use of computer generated imagery (CGI) is commonly used in moviemaking to enhance the depicted pro-filmic reality, creating virtual spaces in which layers of the narrative that are more difficult to represent via realistic mise-en-scene, such as emotional conditions, can become visually explicit. In the 2003 film Politiki Kouzina / A Touch of Spice / Baharatin Tadi, the Istanbul-born Greek filmmaker Tasos Boulmetis digitally combines heterogeneous elements to reconstruct a virtual experience of his own sense and memory of Istanbul: the urban landscape in the film is a hybrid of on-location scenes of the modern city, CGI and enhanced coloring, digitally fused into a mural of historical and personal memories. By deliberately conveying a strong emotional tone to the audience, the film equates the notion of place with the experience one has of it: as the memory of mid-Twentieth century Istanbul is digitally recomposed, the city dissolves under the pressure of its emotionally charged reflection, and the general concept of “location” is redefined through individual perception. Digital technology is used not simply to bring to life a past urban setting, but becomes a tool for affect, thus revealing invisible layers of the filmic narrative.
Application of Chiral 2-Isoxazoline for the Synthesis of syn-1,3-Diol Analogues
Authors: Feng Juanjuan , Li Tianyu , Zhang Jiaxin , Jiao Peng
Published: April 2019

Asymmetric cycloaddition of TIPS nitronate catalyzed by “Cu(II)-bisoxazoline” gave the 2-isoxazoline product in 85% yield, which was converted into t-butyl (3S,5R)-6-hydroxy-3,5-O-isopropylidene-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate in 11 steps via a β-hydroxy ketone.
A New, Larger Sample of Supernova Remnants in NGC 6946
Authors: Long Knox S. , Winkler P. Frank , Blair William P.
Published: April 2019

The relatively nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6946 is one of the most actively star-forming galaxies in the local universe. Ten supernovae (SNe) have been observed since 1917, and hence NGC 6946 surely contains a large number of supernova remnants (SNRs). Here we report a new optical search for these SNRs using narrowband images obtained with the WIYN telescope. We identify 147 emission nebulae as likely SNRs, based on elevated [S ii]:Hα ratios compared to H ii regions. We have obtained spectra of 102 of these nebulae with Gemini North–GMOS; of these, 89 have [S ii]:Hα ratios greater than 0.4, the canonical optical criterion for identifying SNRs. There is very little overlap between our sample and the SNR candidates identified by Lacey et al. from radio data. Also, very few of our SNR candidates are known X-ray sources, unlike the situation in some other galaxies such as M33 and M83. The emission-line ratios, e.g., [N ii]:Hα, of the candidates in NGC 6946 are typical of those observed in SNR samples from other galaxies with comparable metallicity. None of the candidates observed in our low-resolution spectra show evidence of anomalous abundances or significant velocity broadening. A search for emission at the sites of all the historical SNe in NGC 6946 resulted in detections for only two: SN 1980K and SN 2004et. Spectra of both show very broad, asymmetric line profiles, consistent with the interaction between SN ejecta and the progenitor star’s circumstellar material, as seen in late spectra from other core-collapse SNe of similar age.
Color Dependence of Clustering of Massive Galaxies at 0.5 ≤z ≤2.5: Similar Spatial Distributions between Green Valley Galaxies and AGNs
Authors: Lin Xiaozhi , Fang Guanwen , Cai Zhen-Yi , Wang Tao , Fan Lulu , Kong Xu
Published: April 2019

We present a measurement of the spatial clustering of rest-frame UV-selected massive galaxies at 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.5 in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field. Considering four separate redshift bins with Δz = 0.5, we construct three galaxy populations, i.e., red sequence (RS), blue cloud (BC), and green valley (GV) galaxies, according to their rest-frame extinction-corrected UV colors. The correlation lengths of these populations are confirmed to be dependent on their rest-frame UV color and redshift: UV redder galaxies are found to be more clustered. In all redshift bins, the GV galaxies generally have medium clustering amplitudes and are hosted within dark matter halos whose masses are more or less between those of RS and BC galaxies; and the clustering amplitude of GV galaxies is close to that of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the same redshift bin, suggesting that AGN activity may be responsible for transforming galaxy colors. After carefully examining their stellar masses, we find that the clustering amplitudes of galaxy samples with different colors are all similar once they have a similar median stellar mass and that the median stellar mass alone may be a good predictor of galaxy clustering.
Optical Counterparts of ULXs and Their Host Environments in NGC 4490/4485
Authors: Avdan Senay , Akyuz Aysun , Vinokurov Alexander , Aksaker Nazim , Avdan Hasan , Fabrika Sergei , Valeev Azamat , Akkaya-Oralhan Inci , Balman Şölen
Published: April 2019

We report the identification of the possible optical counterparts of five out of seven ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in the galaxy pair NGC 4490/4485. Using archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data, we identified a single optical candidate for two ULXs (X-4 and X-7) and multiple optical candidates for the other three (X-2, X-3, and X-6) within ∼0.″2 error radius at the 90% confidence level. Of the two remaining ULXs, X-1 has no HST imaging data, and photometry could not be performed due to the position of X-5 in NGC 4490. Absolute magnitudes (M

V
) of the optical candidates lie between −5.7 and −3.8. Color–magnitude diagrams have been used to investigate the properties of the counterparts and their environments. The locations of the counterparts of X-2, X-4, and X-6 suggest possible association with a nearby group of stars, while the others have no association with a star cluster or group of stars. For comparison purposes, we analyzed three previously unused archival XMM-Newton observations. The long-term X-ray light curves of the sources (except transient X-7) show variability by a factor of three on a timescale of more than a decade. The use of a disk blackbody model for the mass of the compact objects indicates that these objects most likely have masses in the range 10–15 M
☉.
Methodological interlinkages for mapping ecosystem services – from data to analysis and decision-support
Authors: Vihervaara Petteri , Viinikka Arto , Brander Luke , Santos-Martín Fernando , Poikolainen Laura , Nedkov Stoyan
Published: April 2019

A broad array of methods have been developed and applied to map ecosystem services and their values at various geographic scales. For example, the ESMERALDA project developed methods for ecosystem service mapping across Europe. This paper describes how different methodological interlinkages can be used in ecosystem service mapping and assessment and how the integration of information can be facilitated to assist in decision-making processes related to sustainable use and protection of ecosystem services. This paper is based on a literature review and expert consultations throughout the project. The accumulation of knowledge in ecosystem assessment processes will be described through multiple steps: 1) data compilation, 2) analyses run via independent or linked methods applications and tools, 3) integration of information from multiple analyses and 4) finally, feeding into the decision-support frameworks. The challenges and possibilities of using combinations of various datasets and methods will be discussed. This workflow is demonstrated with real-world applications. In addition, technical pitfalls and challenges, as well as linkages to overall ecosystem assessments and policy questions, are analysed and discussed.
La planification centrale et ses alternatives dans l’expérience des économies socialistes
Authors: Chavance Bernard
Published: April 2019

Le système de planification centralisée fut fondé sur un ensemble d’institutions spécifiques (régime politique de parti unique, propriété d’État, administration hiérarchique de l’économie) et d’une doctrine hostile au marché et au capitalisme. Sa mise en œuvre historique a montré certains succès dans les pays peu développés, lors des premières phases du processus d’industrialisation, avec des conséquences ambivalentes de la centralisation de l’investissement. Mais en comparaison des défauts du système capitaliste et du marché, il échoua dans l’ensemble à atteindre ses principaux objectifs : constituer un mode alternatif et progressif de coordination de l’économie nationale.
Transformations de long terme dans l’évaluation des politiques publiques. D’une planification politique à une légitimation scientifique
Authors: Jany-Catrice Florence
Published: April 2019

Les luttes sur la nature de l’État sont consubstantielles aux luttes dans le capitalisme. Dans la période contemporaine, l’évaluation des politiques publiques, parée de la double vertu de la neutralité et de la rationalité économique, s’impose comme le vecteur principal des transformations de la nature de l’État, que ces transformations portent sur le volume ou la nature de l’évaluation, ou encore sur les acteurs qui la promeuvent. Cet article démontre qu’en sublimant le marché et plus généralement les valeurs libérales, l’évaluation joue, en creux, contre une véritable politique de planification.
De la guerre d’usure à la stratégie du chaos : une histoire sociale de la planification de la guerre
Authors: Wasinski Christophe
Published: April 2019

Comment nos sociétés sont-elles passées d’une planification industrielle à une planification néolibérale de la guerre ? Cet article propose une synthèse interprétative de l’évolution de la guerre et de sa planification. Reprenant dans une perspective élargie ses facteurs explicatifs classiques – technologie, rôles des bureaucraties militaires, menaces extérieures –, il s’intéresse à la façon dont ils interagissent avec les projets impérialistes, les idéologies nationalistes belliqueuses, et les intérêts du complexe militaro-industriel. Ces dimensions s’avèrent essentielles pour comprendre les changements en matière de planification de la guerre dans la séquence néolibérale.
Le roman comme analyseur du conflit social. Une lecture sociologique de Martin Eden
Authors: Tarragoni Federico
Published: April 2019

Cet article part des limites des sciences sociales dans l’analyse génétique des conflits, qui suppose d’éclairer les dynamiques subjectives et intersubjectives de leur apparition en amont de leur cristallisation exceptionnelle dans une mobilisation collective. Le roman apporte alors au sociologue des clés précieuses, car il bâtit souvent ses mondes sociaux à partir des points de vue des personnages en relation réciproque, et présente ces mondes en devenir. Cette étude en fait la démonstration sur le cas exemplaire du roman de Jack London Martin Eden.
Comment tenir compte de la parole d’un enfant… qui ne parle pas ?
Authors: Ouss Lisa
Published: April 2019

Comment tenir compte de la parole d’un enfant qui ne parle pas en raison de son handicap ou de ses troubles ? Cet article développe d’abord les niveaux possibles de dysfonctionnement liés à l’altération de la parole chez l’enfant, en partant du langage et de ses fonctions, en référence à Jakobson. Il est souligné l’importance du cadre nécessaire au recueil de la parole, puis plus spécifiquement de la prise en compte de l’avis d’un enfant sur ses conditions de vie et son rapport au monde (aux mondes ?), modifiés par le handicap, chez les enfants dont le langage est absent ou profondément altéré. Cet article est essentiellement construit à partir de vignettes cliniques qui illustrent les principales questions que pose l’entrave à cette parole, en fonction des différents niveaux de dysfonctionnement du langage, et propose des modalités d’intervention tenant compte de ces difficultés.
« Dis-moi de quoi tu as envie »
Authors: Marcelli Daniel
Published: April 2019

Le rôle des parents s’est considérablement modifié au tournant du siècle précédent, rendant plus complexe la « fonction parentale » d’où d’ailleurs l’invention d’un terme nouveau celui de parentalité. Pourquoi cela ? Le regard sur l’enfant, surtout le très jeune enfant, a considérablement évolué passant d’une vision dominée par l’immaturité et l’incompétence à celle d’un bébé doué de compétences et au potentiel insoupçonné. Les parents sont désormais au service de ce potentiel et doivent tout faire pour stimuler au mieux les compétences de leur enfant. Satisfaire ses besoins devient un enjeu éducatif majeur. Mais où s’arrêtent les besoins, où commencent les désirs ? Et pour répondre à ses désirs le rôle des parents n’est-il pas d’interroger l’enfant : « que veux-tu ? » Et de lui demander de choisir… Faire de cet enfant un individu autonome, ce que le société exige de chacun passe par la reconnaissance de ses désirs et par la liberté de choix. Mais ces enjeux éducatifs sont semés d’embûches. Nous en décrivons quelques-unes.
Identité(s) et narrativité(s) dans les groupes thérapeutiques d’enfants
Authors: Lescalier-Grosjean Isabelle , Vander Vorst Cécile
Published: April 2019

Les auteures rendent compte de l’apport des groupes thérapeutiques sur la construction identitaire, la narrativité, la capacité de jeu et le lien à l’autre des participants. Au travers de vignettes cliniques, elles soulignent l’intérêt des médias dans le processus groupal. Par ailleurs, elles développent les concepts d’identité et de métaphore en les articulant à la clinique.
L’androgyne et l’origine de l’identité de genre
Authors: El Nemr Amina
Published: April 2019

L’article propose une clé de lecture de l’identification androgyne sous le prisme de la théorie de la séduction généralisée de Laplanche selon laquelle le genre est le résultat de la traduction par l’enfant des messages énigmatiques de l’adulte, lesquels sont infiltrés par l’inconscient sexuel. Le mythe de l’androgyne, donne support à ce travail de traduction et constitue une tentative d’habiller les résidus qui constituent le sexuel infantile (autrement dit « sexual »). Cela ouvre l’écoute analytique et donne accès, derrière la construction subjective de l’identité de genre , au sexuel infantile non-refoulé qui risque de faire effraction.
Du roman familial au transfuge de classe, la question de l’identité
Authors: Bocci Valérie
Published: April 2019

Ce travail de recherche est le résultat d’une interrogation d’anthropologie psychanalytique de l’impact du transfuge social sur l’identité, pouvant engendrer une symptomatologie spécifique et variable selon la structure psychique du sujet. Ce cheminement vit le jour à partir d’une pratique libérale de psychanalyste et par l’étude de romans abordant la problématique du transfuge de classe. Deux cas clinique ont été choisis, ainsi que deux romans contemporains. Après avoir resitué au niveau théorique les concepts de l’identité, du roman familial, ainsi que la question du transfuge de classe et de la détermination sociale, il s’agit de montrer comment la construction du roman familial (idéal du Moi) évolue chez les transfuges de classe, et comment la réussite professionnelle provoquant le changement de classe sociale va engendrer des conflits internes différents selon les individus, en fonction de l’idéal du Moi parental, pouvant aller jusqu’à une séparation d’avec le milieu d’origine, ou un arrêt et une régression de l’évolution socio-professionnelle. Au vu de l’évolution actuelle de la société, du nombre de transfuges de classe, le psychanalyste ne peut plus négliger la dimension sociale du sujet pour permettre une élaboration psychique des conflits internes.
Exclusion sociale et identité précaire : l’histoire de Paul
Authors: Farsaliotis Stylianos , Stylianidis Stelios
Published: April 2019

Partant d’un contexte de crise socio-économique majeure, cet article propose d’examiner l’articulation de la souffrance individuelle et de la souffrance sociale en prenant en considération un nombre de paramètres psychiques spécifiques aux situations de précarité sociale extrême. Il se penche notamment sur la place centrale du traumatisme psychique ainsi que sur la fonction des défenses paradoxales d’auto-exclusion et examine leurs effets subjectifs et identitaires. Parallèlement, les auteurs abordent la question de la qualité de l’environnement primaire et des particularités de la fonction paternelle en rapport avec la problématique de l’exclusion sociale et de l’errance. Finalement, ils tentent d’illustrer et d’approfondir ces différents éléments à travers l’étude du récit d’un homme se trouvant confronté à une situation de précarité extrême.
La surprise et le changement en thérapie familiale
Authors: Delage Michel
Published: April 2019

La surprise est par essence déstabilisante et on peut penser que le thérapeute a besoin de s’en prémunir. Pourtant, il existe de bonnes surprises. Celles-ci peuvent alors ouvrir au changement. Parfois elles se manifestent dans le processus thérapeutique, sans avoir été cherchées par le thérapeute. Mais plus intéressantes sont les surprises qui s’inscrivent dans un travail spécifique. C’est ce qui est présenté dans ce texte dans une optique systémique. L’auteur rappelle d’abord la finalité et les principes des thérapies stratégiques, qui ont visé la suppression des symptômes par l’attaque de leur fonction en utilisant des interventions paradoxales. Mais il est surtout question ici de l’utilisation thérapeutique de la surprise dans une approche constructive qui se veut une ouverture à la vie émotionnelle. Celle-ci est abordée à travers des exemples cliniques, aussi bien sous l’angle de l’intersubjectivité dans la famille que sous l’angle des résonances qui peuvent s’établir entre le thérapeute et l’ensemble familial.
Le poids du secret dans la filiation « illégitime » : du pacte dénégatif structurant au pacte dénégatif aliénant
Authors: Fournier Claude-Alexandre , Katz-Gilbert Muriel , Luy Héloïse
Published: April 2019

La naissance d’un enfant « illégitime », hors du cadre d’une union maritale, pose la question du développement psychologique de l’enfant sans père connu et du secret qui entoure ce type de filiation, dont le poids et les effets son imprévisibles. Pour investiguer la filiation dite illégitime, un dispositif d’écoute et de recherche clinique qui s’appuie sur l’entretien biographique et la libre réalisation de l’arbre généalogique a été utilisé. Pour cet article, c’est l’interaction entre le secret pathogène et le pacte dénégatif lors du développement qui est analysée. Sont illustrés au travers d’une étude de cas les effets structurants ou déstructurants du pacte dénégatif sur l’appropriation subjectivante des liens de filiation et l’inscription généalogique du sujet barré, en l’occurrence par un désaveu de paternité.
L’équipe éducative : une épreuve pour les parents
Authors: Hamadi Noreddine
Published: April 2019

Ce texte détaille le fonctionnement d’une équipe éducative dans les écoles de quartiers populaires. Ces réunions mettent souvent les parents, qui ne sont pas toujours dans la même logique de partenariat que l’institution scolaire, dans des situations difficiles et elles ne sont pas satisfaisantes pour les enseignants. Chaque participant de la réunion est animé par un fantasme qui lui est propre au sujet de l’enfant. Il n’y a pas toujours circulation de ces fantasmes et la situation est souvent bloquée. L’auteur s’interroge, de sa place de psychologue, sur les moyens de déverrouiller ce dispositif.
Pictogram Room : son efficacité dans le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA)
Authors: Herrera Gerardo , Pérez-Fuster Patricia , Poli Gaël
Published: April 2019

Diverses recherches ont étudié la perception du mouvement biologique par des personnes atteintes d’un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), indiquant leurs difficultés à comprendre et à utiliser le langage corporel pour communiquer. Les technologies de réalité augmentée offrent une opportunité de supports visuels et musicaux pour intervenir sur ces aptitudes dans le cas des TSA. Cet article propose une description des fondements scientifiques de l’outil Pictogram Room jointe à une révision de deux études d’investigation à propos de son efficacité. La première de ces études évalue l’impact de Pictogram Room sur l’amélioration des aptitudes sensorielles et motrices d’un groupe de dix enfants présentant un TSA. La seconde étude analyse son efficacité sur l’amélioration de l’attention jointe auprès de six enfants atteints d’un TSA. Les deux études indiquent des résultats positifs quant à l’efficacité de Pictogram Room dépendamment des attendus initiaux. En conclusion, les recherches au sujet de la compréhension et de l’usage du langage corporel en cas de TSA mettent en évidence une nécessité d’outils pour leurs prises en charge. Les résultats positifs des premières études sur l’efficacité de Pictogram Room présagent un futur dans lequel ces technologies formeront partie des propositions thérapeutiques habituelles dans le cadre des TSA.
Interfaces haptiques et tactiles pour l’autisme : une revue systématique
Authors: Pérusseau-Lambert Alix , Anastassova Margarita , Boukallel Mehdi , Chetouani Mohamed , Grynszpan Ouriel
Published: April 2019

Les nouvelles technologies sont de plus en plus utilisées pour répondre aux besoins spécifiques des individus avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). Les interfaces homme-machine explorant le sens du toucher apparaissent comme un canal d’interaction potentiellement intéressant pour les personnes avec TSA. Notre but est d’établir une revue systématique de l’existant concernant les interfaces tactiles et haptiques dédiées au TSA. Nous mettons l’accent sur les approches de développement et les études utilisateurs effectuées. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe une grande variété de technologies et d’interfaces destinées aux individus avec TSA. Les interfaces tactiles ou haptiques viennent en complément d’autres modalités d’interaction homme-machine dans le développement de robots, de manettes de jeu, d’objets tangibles interactifs, de tablettes ou encore d’environnements virtuels. Toutefois, les études utilisateurs, lorsqu’elles existent, n’atteignent pas à l’heure actuelle un niveau de qualité méthodologique suffisant pour permettre d’étayer leur validité pour l’aide aux personnes avec TSA. Les modalités tactiles et haptiques mériteraient d’être davantage investiguées dans les recherches sur les interfaces homme-machine pour l’autisme.
Questionnaire de régulation émotionnelle pour enfants et adolescents
Authors: Gosling Corentin J. , Noblecourt Koralie , Moutier Sylvain
Published: April 2019

Bien que le développement des compétences de régulation émotionnelle intra-personnelle soit un domaine particulièrement étudié ces dernières années, aucun auto-questionnaire permettant d’évaluer les compétences de régulation émotionnelle pour les enfants francophones n’a encore été développé. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter une étude de validation de la version française de l’ Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) et d’un ensemble d’items complémentaires explorant l’efficacité de l’usage des deux stratégies de régulation émotionnelle chez les enfants et adolescents. Afin de déterminer la taille de l’échantillon nécessaire à la validation de ces outils, nous avons réalisé un test de puissance statistique à l’aide d’une simulation de Monte-Carlo. Cette analyse a révélé qu’un échantillon composé de 140 participants permettait d’avoir un pouvoir statistique satisfaisant. 140 enfants et adolescents (âge moyen = 12,30 ans ; étendue = 8-16 ans) ont donc été inclus dans cette étude. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires et l’analyse de la consistance interne ont révélé des valeurs acceptables (RMSEA < .060 ; SRMR < .065 ; CFI > .90 ; α > .65). Les qualités psychométriques de ces échelles étant satisfaisantes, cette étude permet aux chercheurs et aux cliniciens d’utiliser ces deux échelles à des fins de recherche ou d’évaluation lors d’interventions cliniques. De prochaines études auprès d’échantillons plus importants permettront l’établissement de normes fiables pour chaque classe d’âge étudiée.
Le développement moral dans la déficience intellectuelle
Authors: Oubrahim Leïla , Combalbert Nicolas
Published: April 2019

Le but de cette étude était d’explorer le jugement moral des enfants et adolescents avec une déficience intellectuelle. Cette étude a été réalisée auprès d’un échantillon de 60 participants avec une DI (30 enfants et 30 adolescents) scolarisés en ULIS. Nous avons utilisé une série de scenarii portant sur des situations sociales afin d’évaluer leur jugement moral. Les résultats ont montré que les enfants et les adolescents jugent de la même manière. Les adolescents n’accordent pas plus de poids à l’intention dans leur jugement malgré leur avancée en âge. Nos résultats mettent en lumière l’utilisation d’un raisonnement déontique et une altération de la perspective sociale.
Le biais de confirmation en clinique
Authors: Larivée Serge , Sénéchal Carole , St-Onge Zoé
Published: April 2019

Le biais de confirmation, qui consiste à privilégier les éléments du réel qui correspondent à nos façons de voir les choses, est une heuristique largement utilisée dans tous les secteurs de l’activité humaine. Nous abordons dans ce texte ses manifestations sur le plan clinique à quatre niveaux : lors de l’acquisition de connaissances par les cliniciens, dans leur procédure d’évaluation diagnostique, dans l’évaluation des effets des traitements et lors de leurs témoignages en Cour de justice.
Nouvelles technologies au service du dépistage : Chatbot pour la détection précoce de l’autisme
Authors: Guillon Quentin , Baduel Sophie , Arnaud Mado , Rogé Bernadette
Published: April 2019

Le dépistage précoce de l’autisme représente un véritable enjeu de santé publique car il favorise la mise en œuvre rapide d’une intervention adaptée. Malgré leur utilité, les outils de dépistage restent peu utilisés par les professionnels de première ligne en raison notamment de leur faible adéquation aux pratiques. Les technologies de l’information et de la communication permettent de développer des solutions innovantes, adaptées aux besoins des professionnels, grâce à la digitalisation des outils de dépistage et à l’intégration de l’intelligence artificielle à ces dispositifs.