bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally-invasive technologies in the treatment of choledocholithiasis complicated by biliary pancreatitis
Authors: Deikalo I. , Osadchuk D. , Karel O. , Handzhalas M.
Published: January 2022

Minimal invasive endoscopic technologies are used in the treatment of patients with biliary pancreatitis with complicated cholangitis and biliary sepsis. 56 patients were treated for the period 2014 - 2018, aged 65.5 ± 15.18 years. ERCP was performed in 31 (55,3%) patients, in 13 (23,2%) - surgical intervention was performed without contrast of extrahepatic bile ducts. Papillotomy in 52 cases (96,4%) was performed by string papilloma and in 4 (7,1%) - by needle. In all cases, subtotal papilloprotectomy was performed [1], supplemented by balloon sphincteroplasty. In the I group, the patients included patients with biliary pancreatitis clinic, in group II patients with clinic of biliary sepsis, in the III group patients with purulent cholangitis clinic, biliary sepsis and septic shock. In the 1st and 2nd groups of patients, mortality was not observed. In the 3rd group, 3 patients died (37,5%). The rest of the patients are discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory condition. A decrease in the level of markers of hepatitis cytolysis (AlAT, AsAT, GGTP, L-FABP) was observed during surgical procedures without ERCP, indicating the toxic effect of contrast on the liver parenchyma. L-FABP is a highly informative marker for hepatocyte cytolysis and can be used as a criterion for hepatic insufficiency and prognosis of biliary sepsis. The high efficiency of transpacillary endoscopic surgical techniques in the treatment of biliary pancreatitis and biliary sepsis was noted.
Rehabilitation in patients with involutional-dystrophic skin changes
Authors: Badyin I.
Published: January 2022

The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with involutional-dystrophic skin changesMaterial and methods. The study was performed in the clinical department of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, as well as the Odessa Regional Clinical Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Kherson Regional Clinical Hospital in 2016-2020.287 women of middle age (average age 46.47 ± 1.97 year) with signs of functional changes in the skin were involved in the study. All patients required rehabilitation of impaired skin function (code b810 by ICF, LA22123-6 by LOINC).General sample (n=287) was randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group (n = 187) received cosmetic measures in the form of ultrasonic peeling, cleansing, nourishing facial masks. Patients of the main group (n = 100) were injected intradermally and subcutaneously with platelet-enriched autoplasma up to 5 ml, which was obtained by double centrifugation.Ultrasound scanning of the skin and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were used to assess the structural features of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat. Dynamic control of skin structures included the study of the initial state of the skin at certain points of the face (center of the cheek, center of the forehead, outer corner of the eye), which we set as standard. Assessment of the effectiveness of the rehabilitation was performed before first procedure and in 3 and 6 months after it completion. Statistical processing was performed using software Statistica 13.0 (TIBCO, USA)Results. After 3 months of follow-up after PRP-therapy revealed even greater significant differences in the structural and functional parameters of the skin compared to baseline. There was an increase in the thickness of the epidermis by 16.7%, the level of hydration increased by 26.9%, the level of TEV by 29.5%, the oiliness of the skin or the level of seboregulation increased by 16.8% (p ≤ 0.05). Important characteristics of the protective effect of PRP therapy were an increase in the elastic properties of the skin by 31.8% and an increase in the microcirculatory network by 23.1% compared to baseline before the procedure of PRP therapy (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion. The proposed method can be used as a stand-alone complex conservative therapeutic method of treatment and is used after surgery to rejuvenate the skin of the face and neck in people over 40 years. It has been shown that the effectiveness of restoring the functional state of the musculoskeletal corset of the face increases when using PRP at the same time as massage. It is substantiated that the combination of activation massage and regenerative stimulation by the introduction of PRP should be carried out simultaneously during treatment throughout the course.
Pregnancy preeclampsia: the main stages of pathogenesis. An infuence into fetal organogenesis (literature review)
Authors: Poliasnyi V. O. , Kupriianova L. S.
Published: January 2022

In the current article there is observed a serious problem of the development of preeclampsia (PE) at a level of severity among women in Ukraine. It is disassembled in the description of the main theories of the development of PE: allergic, hormonal and renal. So that it can be instilled in some types of diseases and the theory of cortical-visceral ailments, which is leading on the pink modern data.The study of cephalic changes to the pathogenesis of PE made it possible to see and describe the peculiarities of the structure of the placenta’s vessels with this pathology with an eye on the development of endothelial dysfunction; hormone-stimulating activity in the mother - placenta - fetus system. Statistically, persons are indicated in a hematoencephalic institution, they are seen in the organisms of fetuses from mothers from the stage of severity. All the above specialties are seen as far as the degree of severity of the PE. It has been shown that in fetuses from mothers and PEs in the later ontogeny, there may be a breakdown of the implementation and the main stages in the development of cells, uterus and uterine tubes. Moreover, there is a trend towards the development of the pathology of the organs of the statutory system in case of women, women of all types of mothers from the moderate and severe stage, as well as a great number of changes in the development of PE at a given birth.
Laboratory and patient of kyiv city clinical emergency hospital
Authors: Kryatchenko O. B. , Pechyborsch V. P. , Yakimets V. M. , Mazii S. I. , Pechyborsch O. V. , Yakimets V. V. , Maidanyuk V. P. , Yermuraki P. P.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work is to analyze the activities of the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital (hereinafter – KCCEH) in comparison with the hospitals of Kyiv for 2017-2018 and determine the role of existing mechanisms to optimize the activities of this laboratory.The article uses the materials of statistical reports of KCCEH and treatment and prevention facilities of Kyiv for 2017-2018 using the method of systematic analysis of statistical materials, as well as systemic and structural-functional approaches.Analysis of the main performance indicators of the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital shows that in 2018 compared to 2017 there is an increase of 2.9% in the absolute number of laboratory tests due to increased highly informative research and introduction of innovative technologies in diagnosis.In the context of reforming the health care system under the conditions of social and economic crisis and our country's hybrid war, the only most appropriate way to optimize the laboratory department of the Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital and similar hospitals in Ukraine is the centralization of clinical laboratory research and laboratory services.
. Reflection of individual typological properties in the tremorogram (Predicting the indicators of Rusalov’s test according to the indicators of the tremorogram)
Authors: Lobasyuk B. A. , Akimova L. N. , Stoyanov A. N. , Zamkovaya A. V.
Published: January 2022

Rationale for choosing. An increase in physiological tremor (Tr) in emotionally saturated situations is reflected not only in fiction, but also in scientific literature. In other words, tremors and emotional responses are interconnected. Purpose. To investigate the reflection of individual-typological properties in a tremorogram using V. M. Rusalov’s mathematical modeling. Material and methods. Tr was recorded using a linear transducer. Tr was recorded under postural load (arms extended forward). The sensor was alternately placed on the outstretched right and left arms in front of oneself, under conditions of “eyes open” (operative rest). The analysis of the tremorogram (TrG) files was carried out after the end of the study using the "Analist - 2" software according to the half - period analysis algorithm. To study the individual psychological characteristics of the personality, we used the method of determining the properties of the temperament by V.M. Rusalov. Each of the many indicators of Rusalov’s test selected in the analysis was considered as a target feature (Y-s), and the amplitudes and frequencies of TrG were considered as influencing variables (sets of X - s) and multiple linear regression equations of the form were built: The parameters of the amplitude and frequency of EEG rhythms were used as Xs. Own research. In multiple regression analysis of the influence of TrG indices of the right hand on the indices of Rusalov’s test, 12 statistically significant regression coefficients were determined, and 11 statistically significant regression coefficients for the left hand. After obtaining the diagnostic equations of multiple linear regression, describing the influence of TrG indicators on the indicators of Rusalov’s test, an attempt was made, using these equations, to obtain the indicators of Rusalov’s test, using the tremor indicators. On average, the% discrepancy between the determined and predicted indicators was 97.42% for the right hand, and 101.98 for the left. Conclusions. 1. With the use of diagnostic equation, it was possible to predict the indicators of psychological testing according to Rusalov’s test by the indicators of tremor of the right and left hands.2. Influence of Rusalov’s test indicators on TrG indicators were less in modulus than the influence of TrG indicators on the indicators of Rusalov’s  test, i.e. did not participate in the control of the mechanisms of TrG generation.3. The results obtained indicate that tremor indicators contain information about the subject-activity and communicative aspects of temperament according to V. M. Rusalov.
Effects of armadin on hepatic transaminases in rats with acute generalized peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Regeda M. , Verveha B. , Melnyk N.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the issues about the effect of the Armadin on the hepatic transaminase in rats with acute generalized peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus. The experiment was performed on 48 white male adult rats, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group – animals with simulated acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes with the drug “Armadin” (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) application (n=24). The control group – animals with simulated acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes without pharmacocorrection (n = 24). Diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Acute generalized peritonitis was induced with 10% faecal suspension in a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of animal weight in the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals by puncture method. Every day for 6 days, rats of experimental group received the drug “Armadin” at the doses of 100 mg/kg. We found a probable decrease in aminotransferase activity on day 3 of the study in rats of the experimental group after administration of Armadin. Thus, ALT activity decreased by 26.7%, and AST activity – by 25.9% compared to the control group. On the 7th day of the study, the activity of ALT in the blood of rats of the experimental group decreased to 0.50 ± 0.03 mmol/l, which was 49.5% lower than the control group of rats in this period of the experiment. Similar changes are observed in the study of AST activity, where, accordingly, it decreased by 48 % relative to control. The positive effect of the drug "Armadin" on the body of rats, with AGP on the background of STZ-induced diabetes, is manifested by the restoration of the functional state of the liver.
Pecularities of mental pathology at psychiatric patient with the comorbid somatic disorders
Authors: Oprya Ye. , Pustovoyt M. , Biesieda Ya. , Kozishkurt Ye.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive clinical and psychopathological examination of patients with schizophrenia comorbid with somatic pathology. The etiological factors and preconditions for the formation of schizophrenia combined with somatic pathology, general clinical and dynamic characteristics, and features of mental disorders, severity and specificity of clinical and psychopathological manifestations of schizophrenia are analyzed. It was found that the combination of schizophrenia with somatic diseases is more "malignant" variants of the course of psychotic disorders, including an increase in the number of hospitalizations, earlier manifestation, significant increase duration and greater severity of psychopathological symptoms.

The specificity of mental disorders in patients with schizophrenia with somatic disorders was manifested by a predominance of disorders of sensation and perception in the form of senestopathy (schizophrenia with CVD and F 20 with obesity), hyperesthesia (schizophrenia with diabetes 2) and complex hallucinations.

An important characteristic of mental disorders in patients with schizophrenia with somatic pathology is the presence of emotional disorders in the form of rigidity (in schizophrenia with CVD and obesity) and explosiveness (in schizophrenia with diabetes 2) emotional reactions, as well as depressive and anxiety (schizophrenia with CVD) and dysphoric (in schizophrenia with diabetes 2 and obesity) mood disorders. According to the frequency analysis of clinical-biological and social factors of formation, as well as features of clinical-psychopathological structure of schizophrenia in patients of the examined groups, diagnostic clinical-psychopathological signs (risk markers) of combination of schizophrenia with specific variants of somatic disorders are established.

The obtained results show that the combination of schizophrenia with somatic disorders is reflected in the deepening and peculiarities of psychopathological symptoms, reducing the level of social realization of patients and requires the attention of clinicians in developing treatment strategies.
Morphometric evaluation of features of remodeling of chondrocites of joint surfaces of temporomandibular joint of experimental animals in hyperglycemia
Authors: Hnatiuk Mykhailo , Rubas Lesia
Published: January 2022

Aim: to study morphometrically the peculiarities of remodeling of chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint in hyperglycemia.Materials and methods: Quantitative morphological methods were used to study diameters of chondrocytes and their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic relationship in these cells, relative volume of damaged chondrocytes, intercellular-chondrocytic relationship in mature chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint of 45 laboratory mature white male rats with simulated diabetes.Results: A comprehensive analysis of the morphometric parameters presented in the article showed that they did not differ in the articular surfaces of the temporal fossa and mandibular head of the intact temporomandibular joint. The expressed structural changes of chondrocytes were revealed at a monthly and a two-month diabetic arthropathy of this joint.Conclusions: Proceeded studies and obtained results suggest that prolonged hyperglycemia leads to diabetic arthropathy of the TMJ, which is characterized by atrophy of chondrocytes, violation of nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships, an increase in the relative volume of damaged chondrocytes and volume of intercellular substance. The detected changes in quantitative morphological parameters depended on the duration of hyperglycemia and dominated in the cartilaginous tissue of the articular surface of the mandibular head.
Anxiety and depression intensity and the quality of life of patients with an implanted pacemaker
Authors: Sikora Kamil , Łuczyk Robert Jan , Wawryniuk Agnieszka , Łuczyk Marta , Zwolak Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The consequences of anxiety and depression in various forms affect the course of cardiovascular diseases - including patients with an implanted pacemaker. To improve the quality of care for such patients, it is important to understand the scale of the problem, as well as to determine the impact of the above-mentioned symptoms on the patients' quality of life.Aim of research. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the quality of life and the anxiety and depression intensity on patients with implanted pacemakers.Material and methods. The study involved 100 patients hospitalized at the SPSK 4 cardiology clinic in Lublin with an implanted pacemaker. The method of diagnostic survey and research tools were used - the WHOQOL - Bref questionnaire to assess the quality of life and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-M). The results of the research are summarized in the statistical analysis.Results. The average score obtained by the respondents on the depression scale was 6.05 points with a standard deviation of 4.47. On the anxiety scale, this result was 7.99 points with a standard deviation of 4.54. The results indicating disorders in both scales concern values higher than or equal to 11 points. On the depression scale they were obtained by 16% of the respondents, while on the anxiety scale 26%. The conducted analyses showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of anxiety and depression and the quality of life of the respondents in all domains. The overall declared quality of life of the respondents and the self-esteem of the health condition were the lower, the higher the anxiety and depression severity coefficient in the study group.Conclusions.1. Most of the studied patients with pacemakers do not have high levels of anxiety and depression. 2. The occurrence of anxiety and depression affects the quality of life of respondents after pacemaker implantation in all domains. 3. Patients with high levels of anxiety and depression have a lower assessment of their quality of life and health.
Quality of life of patients after a myocardial infarction
Authors: Wawryniuk Agnieszka , Kopeć Katarzyna , Łuczyk Robert Jan , Sikora Kamil , Łuczyk Marta
Published: January 2022

IntroductionA Latin adage says that "good health is better than the greatest wealth." [3] It has been known for a long time that the heart is the most important organ that works continuously throughout life to properly nourish all tissues, and thus determines the proper functioning and health of the entire human body. Meanwhile, despite the development of science, the advancement of diagnosis and treatment techniques, cardiovascular diseases, often leading to a heart attack, are the leading cause of death in most developed countries. [4]. Estimates of the National Centre For Heart Statistic say that 143 million people worldwide suffer from ischemic heart disease. [6]. A past of myocardial infarction, despite the high mortality, also affects the quality of life of patients. According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), quality of life is an individual way in which an individual perceives his or her position in life in relation to the culture and value system in which he or she functions, as well as in the context of expectations, tasks and standards set by environmental determinants. [5]. The medical approach to the quality of life consists in identifying the patient's problems related to his physical, mental and social activity resulting from the disease and the treatment used, as well as describing his views on health and subjective well-being.
The practices of antibiotics application in neurosurgical patients in Ukraine: a cohort study
Authors: Berezhna Antonina , Makarova Victoria , Chumachenko Tetyana
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The outcomes of potential complications of surgical interventions in neurosurgical patients can cause a death. Efficient antibiotic prophylaxis decreases the risks of infection and improves the quality of health care.

Purpose. To estimate the appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics in a neurosurgical ward from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.

Material and method. A retrospective cohort study has been carried out in a neurosurgical ward of multidisciplinary healthcare setting of Ukraine. Data from 131 in-patient medical cards (MC) of neurosurgical patients has been analyzed. Descriptive statistics methods have been used for data analysis. The relative risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) has been calculated.

Results. We found that among the patients, females prevailed (n = 81 / 61.8%). The patients’ mean age was 49.83 ± 13.90 years. The frequency of antibiotics prescriptions was higher significant in patients, who received surgical procedures in comparison with patients, who did not receive surgical procedures (RR = 1.827; 95% CI: 1,137 – 2.935). Antibiotics were prescribed mostly during the postoperative period. The use of interchangeable antibiotics of the same group has been occurred. The use of antibiotics for prevention in the most cases was of unreasonably long duration.

Conclusion. The practice of the use of antibiotics in neurosurgical ward does not correspond to scientifically founded recommendations. It is needed to clearly define the indications for prescribing antibiotics. Duration of antibiotic use should depend on specialization of wards in multidisciplinary healthcare setting. It is expedient to conduct an audit on the use of antibiotics at healthcare settings on a regular basis with involving a specialist in infection control, a clinical pharmacist, and a clinical microbiologist.
Cumulative cardiotoxic effect of bleomycin in experiment
Authors: Gozhenko A. , Bestanchuk O. , Kaschenko O. , Narbutova T.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cumulative toxic effect of bleomycin under experimental conditions

Material and Methods. The study was conducted in the Research Institute of Transport Medicine during 2016-2021. The experimental model of the cardiotoxic effect of the bleomycin was performed using the medication "Bleocin" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. (Japan). According to the task, the study was performed on 10 mature rats of both sexes of the Wistar line with a body weight of 237 ± 20 g.

Rats were housed in standard vivarium conditions of Odessa National Medical University. Animals were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (n = 5) and control (n = 5). Bleomycin animals of the experimental group were obtained intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.5 IU / kg on 1st and 8th days. Withdrawal of animals from the experiment was performed on the 5th, 14th and 28th day of the experiment, followed by morphological and morphometric examination.

The material after weighing and morphometry was fixed with a neutral 10% formalin solution and poured into paraffin. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, MSB, Van Gizon. Performed light microscopy.

After two weeks there was a decrease in myocardial weight by 7-10% from baseline, there were pronounced dystrophic changes in the myocardium. Repeated administration of bleomycin has a cumulative cardiotoxic effect leading to irreversible changes in the myocardium and endothelial dysfunction clinically manifested by heart attack, vascular pathology at significant cumulative doses of bleomycin. Morphofunctional changes of the right ventricle are prominent and considered to be pathognomic for bleomycin toxicity.

Conclusions: 1. Bleomycin has a cumulative toxic effect on the myocardium of mammals

2. The severity of the cardiotoxic effect of bleomycin is proportional to the tissue concentration of the drug, which is proportional to the duration of exposure
Social adaptive potential of mentally ill patients with concomitant pathology
Authors: Oprya Ye. , Melnyk E. , Biesieda Ya. , Kozishkurt Ye.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of research devoted to determination of social-adaptive potential of schizophrenic patients with concomitant somatic pathology by analyzing the parameters of socio-personal functioning, quality of life and compliance. The analysis of social and personal functioning of patients was carried out according to the results of the PSP scale (Personal and Social Performance Scale), which allowed to assess the social status of patients and their functioning in certain areas of life.

The quality of life of patients with schizophrenia in the surveyed groups was assessed using the results of the health questionnaire The 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). According to the results of the research, it was found that when schizophrenia is combined with somatic disorders, there is a decrease in the level of socio-personal functioning, quality of life and compliance of patients. The social and personal functioning of patients with schizophrenia in its combination with somatic disorders was especially complicated in the areas of socially useful activities and self-care (in schizophrenia with obesity) and in the field of social relations and restless/aggressive patterns of behavior (in schizophrenia with DM 2).

According to the assessment of quality of life in certain areas, it was found that in patients with schizophrenia with CVD and obesity, there was a decrease in physical functioning and limitation of daily functioning due to physical condition, as well as mental depression (the presence of severe depression and anxiety); in patients with schizophrenia with DM 2 - a decrease in daily functioning, due to emotional state; and in patients with obesity - also a decrease in social functioning; and a general decline in general health that was common to all patients with somatic disorders. The decrease in the level of compliance of patients with schizophrenia with somatic disorders was due to insufficient formation of factors related to the patient (perception and awareness of the disease, features and severity of symptoms, relapses, features of social functioning and adaptation) and attitudes towards treatment. According to the data obtained, the most dangerous in focus of social functioning it was the combination of schizophrenia with obesity.

The results of the study show that the combination of schizophrenia with somatic diseases is associated with a decrease in social functioning, quality of life and compliance with patients, which leads to a negative social prognosis and requires the attention of clinicians.
Vision of the role of long-term social stress in the formation of "diseases of civilization". mechanisms of adaptation to stressor situations and factors of its failure
Authors: Hancheva O. , Romanova K.
Published: January 2022

Today, the issue of studying the mechanisms of the impact of social stress on public health and its role in the formation of key human diseases is relevant and necessary. A large number of works, both clinical observations and experimental studies, are devoted to this problem. However, despite the high interest in this problem, there are still "white spots". Therefore, the purpose of our study was to analyze modern sources of information that highlight current issues of long-term social stress and its role in the formation of "diseases of civilization." Matherials and methods: analysis of scientific publications from the following databases: Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med, by keywords: rats, social stress, diseases of civilization, neuroendocrine regulation, hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, paravetricular nucleus. Conclusions: Thus, the analysis of resources shows the undoubted role of stress in the formation of human diseases. Many articles are devoted to the description and analysis of the negative effects of environmental factors and peculiarities of living conditions on human health. Most researchers agree on the key role of the hypothalamus in regulating the body's stress response and the presence of morphofunctional changes associated with stress. It is important to note that scientists have paid much attention to the study of individual models of stress, namely pain, immobilization and hypoxic over the past 20 years. Unfortunately, there are few facts concerning the analysis of the influence of long-term negative social factors that do not cause stereotyped reactions, but form latent changes that are inherent in classical stress reactions.
Glutamine synthetase expression in the brain during experimental acute liver failure (immunohistochemical study)
Authors: Shulyatnikova T. , Tumanskiy V.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the immunohistochemical level of glutamine synthetase (GS) expression in different brain regions in the conditions of experimental acute liver failure in rats.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in Wistar rats: 5 sham (control) animals and 10 rats with acetaminophen induced liver failure model (AILF). The immunohistochemical study of GS expression in the sensorimotor cortex, white matter, hippocampus, thalamus, caudate nucleus/putamen was carried out in the period of 12-24 h after acetaminophen treatment.

Results. Beginning from the 6th hour after acetaminophen treatment all AILF-animals showed the progressive increase in clinical signs of acute brain disfunction finished in 6 rats by comatose state up to 24 h - they constituted subgroup AILF-B, “non-survived”. 4 animals survived until the 24 h - subgroup AILF-A, “survived”. In the AILF-B group, starting from 16 to 24 hours after treatment, a significant (relative to control) regionally-specific dynamic increase in the level of GS expression was observed in the brain: in the cortex – by 307.33 %, in the thalamus – by 249.47%, in the hippocampus – by 245.53%, in the subcortical white matter – by 126.08%, from 12th hour – in the caudate nucleus/putamen, by 191.66 %; with the most substantive elevation of GS expression in the cortex: by 4.07 times.

Conclusion. Starting from the 16th hours after the acetaminophen treatment (from the 12th h in the caudate nucleus/putamen region) and up to 24 h, it is observed reliable compared to control dynamic increase in GS protein expression in the cortex, white matter, hippocampus, thalamus, caudate nucleus/putamen of the rat brain with the most significant elevation in the cortex among other regions. The heterogeneity in the degree of GS expression rising in different brain regions potentially may indicate regions more permeable for ammonia and/or other systemic toxic factors as well as heterogeneous sensitivity of brain regions to deleterious agents in conditions of AILF. Subsequently, revealed diversity in the GS expression reflects the specificity of reactive response of local astroglia in the condition of AILF-encephalopathy during specific time-period. The dynamic increase in the GS expression associated with impairment of animal state, indicates involvement of increased GS levels in the mechanisms of experimental acute hepatic encephalopathy.
Sexism in the advertising discourse of Ukraine
Authors: Khodachuk Y. , Maslova Y.
Published: January 2022

The article identifies the reasons for the use of sexist advertising in the Ukrainian media discourse and its impact on the formation of women's image and social well-being. Sexist advertising campaigns of Ukrainian organizations are analyzed.
Analysis of electrogenesis’ changes in mental retardation persons by using computer electroencephalography
Authors: Lobasyuk B. , Bartsevich L. , Zamkovaya A.
Published: January 2022

Justification. Mental retardation is a persistent decrease in human cognitive activity against the background of organic damage to the central nervous system. Neurophysiological diagnostics, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), most adequately reflects the morpho-functional state of the central nervous system, which is the basis of the mechanisms of mental activity, and the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain can be considered as the main indicator that determines a decrease in the level of intellectual development and, thereby, characterizes this state. This provision actualizes the search for highly informative indicators of the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in children with intellectual disabilities. Purspose. With the use of periodometric analysis investigate EEG’s indicators and interhemispheric asymmetry of rhythms amplitudes in MR patients. Materials and methods. The EEG was recorded in a state of calm wakefulness with closed eyes with Neuron-Spectrum-2 electroencephalograph. Differences in indicators were tracked using the calculation of the coefficient of compliance (CC), EEG functional asymmetry coefficients in amplitude were determined, too. Results. It was revealed that in MR patients the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy subjects. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. Duration indices in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG in mental retardation compared with the control group were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms - decreased. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices. Conclusions 1. With mental retardation, the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy people. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. 2. The indices of duration in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG of MR subjects were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms – decreased. 3. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons, it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices.
Organizational aspects of neurorehabilitation at the outpatient stage
Authors: Khramtsov D. , Vorokhta Yu. , Vikarenko M. , Busel S. , Sazonov B.
Published: January 2022

The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IRP implementation in patients of a specialized clinic providing long-term care to neurological and neurosurgical patients.

Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2020-2021. on the basis of the MC "Expert Health" (Odessa, Ukraine). 83 patients undergoing neurorehabilitation program were examined. The correspondence of the fulfillment of key rehabilitation tasks in terms of time and quality was assessed. Additionally, the level of motivation and compliance of the patient was assessed using the MOT-Q questionnaires (for patients with previous TBI (n = 13), SRMS (for patients with stroke (n = 54) and with SRQ-E (for patients with other types of neurological pathology (n = 16). The overall level of compliance was assessed using the General Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (GRAS). The level of safety was assessed according to the following criteria: the presence of FAST certificates for personnel, a system for monitoring vital functions, equipment and consumables for the provision of emergency care. Statistical processing was carried out by methods of variance and correlation analysis, using the MedCalc 1.3 software.

Results. There were not recorded any significant violations of safety principles in the provision of rehabilitation assistance in the certification of personnel according to FAST. The frequency of detecting cases of improper implementation of IRP did not exceed 6.0% (5 cases out of 83 analyzed). When assessing the relationship between the effectiveness of IRP and the level of compliance, a strong positive correlation was found - r = 0.78

Conclusion. 1. Provision of rehab services for neurological patients in the long term requires coordination of the actions of specialists at the intra-, inter-, and transdisciplinary levels. 2. A necessary condition for the functioning of a multidisciplinary team in the provision of rehabilitation care is certification of staff in the BLS systems - for allied health specialists and ACLS for physicians. 3. The effectiveness of IRP depends on the patient's compliance level (r = 0.78). 4. For the continuity of the rehabilitation process, it is necessary to involve relatives and facilitate their training in the basics of "home" rehabilitation.
Adaptive griffiths scale − modern experience in assessing the psychomotor development of preschool children
Authors: Bedrii Nataliia
Published: January 2022

Premature newborns build a specific category of children due to their innate morpho-functional immaturity and specific pathological conditions that determine significant survival, morbidity and postnatal care results as compared to children of other weight categories. In the long-term adverse effects of preterm birth, the incidence of neuropathy remains high and requires further improvements in diagnostic methods and timely corrections for a better developmental prognosis. Although over the past three decades, numerous tools have been invented to predict long-term adverse effects of preterm neonates as well as methods for determining degree of disorders, neither these tools nor their weak and strong points have undergone a comprehensive overview. Aim of the research was to improve long-term preterm birth outcomes by using the adaptive Griffiths scale for preschoolers. The psychomotor development of 105 preschoolers was evaluated. Assessment of indicators of psychomotor development was carried out by the adaptive Griffiths scale and the conventional method. In the course of the study, this category of children was under doctors' from Neonates Post-discharge Follow-ups Department with systematic evaluation of their health condition. Dynamic examination was performed during the first year of life once per 3 months, from the 2nd to the 6th year of life – corresponding to an individual rehabilitation plan. Patients (n=105) were divided into 3 groups depending on the severity of the disabling pathology.

The analysis of indicators of psychomotor development (by traditional methods) of prematurely born preschoolers, divided into 3 groups in accordance with severity degree of disabling pathology:

Group A children with severe long-term consequences that led to disability – 54 (51.4%)

Group B. Children with long – term consequences who are subject to correction - 24 (22.8%)

Group C. Children with long-term consequences not significantly affecting their health condition -27 (25.7%).

The conducted survey suggests, that above 70% of the children had various patterns of delayed psychomotor development. The assessment of psychomotor development showed that the cause structure of delayed psychomotor development of preschoolers has the same trend according to different examination methods, but the assessment by the adaptive Griffiths scale shows more accurate values for each patient, enables quick detection of long-term adverse consequences of premature birth, recommendations for parents for neonates' rehabilitation and habilitation, as well as examination in dynamics.

In the flow of the research, the adaptive Griffiths scale of psychomotor development proved to be a valid diagnostic tool for determining indicators of preschoolers' psychomotor development, estimating their intellectual coefficient and forming individual patient's profile.
Ocena zachowań zdrowotnych wśród studentów wybranych kierunków
Authors: Gałuszka Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Prowadzenie zdrowego trybu życia jest jednym z czynników warunkujących sprawność funkcjonowania i zdolność człowieka do pełnienia wybranych przez siebie ról społecznych. Tryb życia studentów uwarunkowany jest obciążeniami związanymi z procesem edukacji- presją czasu, stresem , odległością uczelni od miejsca zamieszkania, małą wiedzą związaną ze zdrowym trybem życia itd. W funkcjonowanie studentów wpisują się również zachowania, które pozwalają odreagować obciążenie psychiczne i fizyczne, dlatego włączane są: picie alkoholu, palenie papierosów i inne. Młody wiek sprzyja aktywności rozrywkowej, studenci uczestniczą w imprezach towarzyskich i kulturalnych, co w połączeniu z procesem edukacji powoduje przemęczenie a nawet wyczerpanie organizmu. Sposób funkcjonowania młodych ludzi jest niezwykle istotny, ponieważ poziom aktualnie doświadczanego stresu, presja czasu, to są zjawiska przemijające, natomiast skutki nimi spowodowane mogą posiadać charakter długodystansowy. Mogą wieźć do utrwalenia negatywnych wzorców (np. prowadzić do rozwoju nałogów, niehigienicznego trybu życia) lub wywołania schorzeń spowodowanych niewłaściwym  trybem życia (otyłość, nowotwory i inne). Badaniem objęto studentów trzech kierunków: ekonomii, mechaniki i fizjoterapii.
Zaćma wrodzona
Authors: Zmelonek-Znamirowska Anna , Wolder Daniel , Komar-Gruszka Karolina , Gruszka Jakub , Zwierzyńska Anna , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga
Published: January 2022

Zaćma, inaczej katarakta to choroba oczu polegająca na zmętnieniu soczewki i związaną z tym częściową lub całkowitą ślepotę . Jest ona często występującą uleczalną przyczyną ślepoty u dzieci[1]. Częstość występowania katarakty u dzieci na świecie wynosi od 1 do 15 na 10 000. W krajach rozwiniętych częstość występowania wynosi 1 do 3 na 10 000 [2]. Zaćma może zostać wykryta za pomocą prenatalnego badania USG wykonanego pomiędzy 18. a 20. tygodniem ciąży [3,4,5]. Wczesne wykrycie zaćmy i szybka interwencja mają kluczowe znaczenie w rozwoju prawidłowego widzenia, szczególnie u noworodków [4]. W artykule przedstawiono opis przypadku wewnątrzmacicznego ultrasonograficznego rozpoznania zaćmy wrodzonej.
Parents' knowledge of neonatal transitory conditions and their expectations of the midwife
Authors: Detka Karolina , Gruszka Jakub , Zwierzyńska Anna , Dolecka-Ślusarczyk Magdalena , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga
Published: January 2022

Introduction
The neonatal period is the period of the child's adaptation to life outside the mother's body. The child has to adapt to the changes taking place in its body. After delivery, the new-born baby is assessed according to the Apgar scale.
Objective of the study
The objective of the study was to assess the parents' knowledge of the transitory conditions of neonates and to identify their expectations towards medical personnel.
Material and methods
248 women participated in the study. Inhabitants of large cities accounted for 64.5% of the respondents and 16.2% of the respondents were inhabitants of rural areas. Women aged over 35 accounted for 46.8% of patients, 19.3% were patients between the ages of 26 and 30. Patients between the ages of 30 and 35 also accounted for 19.3%. Patients under 25 years of age accounted for 14.6%. The Bioethics Committee approved the project. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of the Statistica computer program.
Results
81% of women displayed knowledge about the duration of the neonatal period. 62% of the respondents knew the effect of vitamin K in preventing the occurrence of haemorrhagic disease in the neonate. Half of the women prefer to feed on demand. A big problem among women in childbed is the lack of access to a psychologist.
Conclusions
Parents cannot recognize transitory conditions in a neonate. Antenatal education of future mothers influences their pro-health behaviour. Parents source their knowledge from their family, friends, guides and books.
Musicians’ medicine – potential health problems among violinists and violists caused by playing the string instrument – the review of the literature
Authors: Ręka Gabriela , Machowiec Piotr , Maksymowicz Marcela , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: January 2022

Introduction and purpose

            Musicians' medicine has received increasing attention recently. It is known that listening to music or playing an instrument has beneficial effects on cognitive and neural functions. Playing the string instrument demands repetitive precise movements of fingers and arms in a non-ergonomic posture that might give rise to health problems.

The study aims to present the current state of knowledge regarding different potential health problems among violinists and violists. The article reviews the 24 newest scientific publications available on PubMed and Google Scholar.

A brief description of the state of knowledge

            The literature review indicated several potential health consequences of excessive playing the violin or viola, as follows: Fiddler's neck and skin allergy, Garrod’s pads, temporomandibular disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, compression of the right ulnar nerve in the ulnar (Guyon's) canal, rotator cuff tendonitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, focal dystonia, thoracic outlet syndrome, bone asymmetry, pain in the neck, cheeks, fingers, wrist, forearm, shoulder, waist, and the back.

Conclusions

            Musicians should be aware of potential health problems that occur during prolonged playing the violin or the viola. An important issue is maintaining the accurate proportions between the amount of time spent playing the instrument and resting. The first signs of neurological or musculoskeletal changes should prompt the musician to seek professional medical help to prevent the disorder's progression.
Use of ultrasonic diagnostics for investigation and detection of structural changes in the lungs in COVID-19
Authors: Habchak Andriy , Stasiv Iryna
Published: January 2022

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various lung changes caused by SARS-Co V-2 is extremely important and relevant, as it will allow timely action to take the necessary measures to treat and stop the spread of lesions. Ultrasound diagnosis allows you to quickly, non-invasively, and cheaply conduct research that is accurate and effective enough to make or confirm a diagnosis. The article highlights the main structural changes in the lungs found in 86 patients with a positive PCR test for coronavirus virus. The following sonographic signs were observed during the study: B-line (in 54% of patients), white lung effect (in 20.6% of patients), consolidation (11 people – 17.5%), of which 6 patients with consolidation less than 1 cm and 5 patients had consolidations greater than 1 cm, pleural effusion was observed in 7 patients.

Our research is important both in terms of increasing the informativeness of the diagnosis for physicians and patients, for whom it is important to quickly, non-invasively, and economically compare, detect disease and begin treatment promptly.