bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Five Dimensional FRW Radiating Cosmological Model in Presence of Bulk Viscous Fluid in Scalar Tensor Theory of Gravitation
Authors: Daimary Jagat , Baruah Rajshekhar Roy
Published: October 2022

In this paper using the Saez-Ballester scalar-tensor theory of gravitation, we examined a 5-dimensional FRW cosmic space-time in a source of bulk viscous fluid in the article. To examine determinate solutions of the field equations, we used a power law between a scalar field and the universe's scale factor. Our research considers radiating flat, closed, and open models. The physical and kinematical properties of the models were explored in each scenario. In this study, we show that our model expands and is free of initial singularities, as well as that our models decelerate in a conventional manner.

HIGHLIGHTS

Using the Saez-Ballester theory and a 5-dimensional FRW space-time as a source of bulk viscous fluid, we have obtained cosmological models that can be assumed to be equivalent radiating models in closed, open, and flat space-times

We have obtained models that are expanding and free of initial singularity

We used a power law between a scalar field and the universe's scale factor
O perfil econômico-estrutural dos municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco no Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Lima Jandir Ferrera de , Alves Lucir Reinaldo , Skowronski Evandro Rogério
Published: October 2022

Este artigo analisa os fatores locacionais e o perfil estrutural do consumo de energia elétrica setorial dos municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco, no Oeste paranaense no período de 1993 a 1999. Os resultados apontaram que mesmo havendo um crescimento significativo da economia desses municípios, esse crescimento não foi homogêneo. O setor terciário se concentra substancialmente no município de Cascavel. O setor secundário (transformação agroindustrial) no município de Toledo. Entretanto, no geral, os setores estão ficando mais dispersos, ou seja, há tendência à diversificação da estrutura produtiva desses municípios com o passar do tempo.
A AGROPECUÁRIA E AS INDÚSTRIAS TRADICIONAIS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL PARANAENSE NO PERÍODO DE 1970 A 2000
Authors: Piffer Moacir , Arend Silvio Cezar
Published: October 2022

Este artigo analisa as transformações espaciais ocorridas na estrutura produtiva das Áreas Mínimas Comparáveis (AMCs) paranaenses, especificamente dos setores agropecuário e das indústrias tradicionais, no período de 1970 a 2000. Utilizou-se a abordagem teórica da base econômica de Douglas North para fundamentar a análise e o Quociente Locacional para identificar as AMCs que tinham esses setores como básicos no período analisado. Os resultados mostraram uma mudança espacial da distribuição dos setores analisados: o setor agropecuário se difundiu e o setor das indústrias tradicionais se adensou em AMCs específicas do Estado do Paraná, principalmente em Guarapuava, Irati, Pinhão, Palmas, Bituruna, General Carneiro, União da Vitória, Porto Vitória, Paula Freitas, Mangueirinha, localizadas na Mesorregião Centro Sul; e nas AMCs de Mariópolis, Clevelândia, Coronel Vivida, Francisco Beltrão, Ampére, localizadas na Mesorregião Sudoeste do Paraná. Assim, a capacidade e a interação da base econômica da agropecuária e das indústrias tradicionais das AMCs (regiões) paranaenses foram responsáveis pela manutenção, difusão e a diversificação dos ramos de atividades básicas e alavancaram os ramos de atividades não-básicas da indústria tradicional.
Evolução do mercado de trabalho informal no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Staduto Jefferson Andronio Ramundo , Joner Paulo Roberto , Schio Thyago Américo
Published: October 2022

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a evolução do setor informal de trabalho do estado do Paraná, no período 1992 a 2005, destacando as suas dimensões espacial, setorial e demográfica. O estado do Paraná foi dividido em duas regiões: Metropolitana (RM) e Regional Não Metropolitana (RNM). Foi avaliado o comportamento do grau de informalidade (GI) nesse período por setor e a contribuição da estrutura setorial na variação do GI. O Paraná na década de 1990 foi fortemente impactado pela abertura comercial e também por uma nova onda de investimentos. A economia informal no Brasil reduziu levemente de 1992 a 2005, mas no Paraná foi mais acentuada essa redução. Na RNM paranaense, o GI reduziu consistentemente, mas o setor industrial apresentou crescimento do GI, no entanto, foi amplamente compensado pelo setor agropecuário, que não reduziu expressivamente o GI, mas, sobretudo, a sua participação no total das ocupações, provocada pelo fechamento de posto de trabalho. Na RM, o GI apresentou pequena redução, o setor de construção civil avançou na informalidade e os demais setores não apresentaram variações expressivas, exceto o setor de serviços, que apresentou redução do GI. No estado do Paraná, o GI reduziu em razão da redução da informalidade no setor agropecuário e da mudança estrutural. No estado do Paraná, a participação das mulheres na informalidade cresceu enquanto a dos homens estabilizou, e observou-se que os níveis médios de escolaridade e idade aumentaram tanto na informalidade quanto na formalidade.
Biomedical and Biochemical Approaches and Strategies for Targeting and Delivery of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Aggregation Linked to DNA/RNA by Aryl Mercaptanes with Various Chain Length
Authors: Heidari Alireza
Published: October 2022

CdO nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet-visible zone. A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds. Aryl mercaptan compounds cause to aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA and hence, lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 (nm) and emerging a new peak at higher wavelength. In the current project, this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to time investigate of interaction between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles. The results were shown that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles. Therefore, a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain length using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented.
Boron Concentration in Groundwater from Southern Basrah Governorate - Iraq
Authors: Algrifi Mostafa Ahmed , Salman Thaer M.
Published: October 2022

In southern Basrah in Iraq, this research is aimed at measuring the concentrations of Boron 10B5. Measuring the water wells and water samples collected at 43 different locations were carried out using the Inductively coupled plasma/Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The concentration ranged from 0.2 mg/L (Al Marbad District) to 9.3 mg/L (Al Shuaiba farm 2). The study's findings are given and compared to those of other studies. These observations could be used to make an additionally unique contribution to the preservation and application of water quality standards to related organizations of radioactive contaminant-free samples required for humans if an incident of contamination occurs. Furthermore, 43 surface water samples were found to be more boron-like than detected levels. The increase in water flow outside the root level by the monsoon rain is responsible. This is due to acute boron contamination will therefore soon occur.
Human Skin Infection A Review Study
Authors: AL-kahfaji Marwa Husain Abdullah Mohi
Published: October 2022

All across the world, skin diseases are rather frequent. The likelihood of pediculosis capitis (0.2-35 percent, 6.9-35 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa in addition to other parts of South Africa. ), pyoderma (prevalence range 0.2-35 percent, 6.9–35% in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of South Africa, tinea capitis (1–19.7%), scabies (0.2–24%, 1.3–17% in Sub-Saharan Africa), and viral skin illnesses (0.4–9%, mainly molluscum contagiosum,0-57 percent). A bacterial skin infection is the most frequent kind of skin infection. Numerous bacterial skin infections have been linked to necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, erythrasma, abscesses, folliculitis, furunculosis, and impetigo. Additionally, ecthyma, furunculosis, and mycobacterium skin disorders are covered in this review. Recent studies have revealed modifications in the causes and remedies of bacterial skin infections. In the United States, the prevalence of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is rising.
Genetic Polymorphisms in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Alfahdawi Shakir. M. S.
Published: October 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome can be defined as an endocrine disorder that most affects the reproductive system of women of childbearing age; its causes are not exactly known. However, the majority of the experts agree that it is a multifactorial entity with multiple factors. Genetics is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, several genes that are involved in the pathogenic processes of this syndrome have been identified. Within these, the most important ones are the ones that encode steroidogenesis enzymes and insulin receptors, as well as other hormones that are associated with the actions of insulin and gonadotropins and their receptors. The results obtained included 1) women with PCOS had significantly lower levels of adiponectin compared to controls. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in both lean and obese women with PCOS compared to the control group. 2) PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to controls. 3) Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to the control group, however, FSH levels were significantly increased only in obese PCOS women compared to controls. 4) PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to controls. 5) Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol compared to controls. Only obese PCOS women had significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to the controls. 6) The genotype analysis of FSHR gene polymorphism showed that the heterozygote Ala/Thr genotype was significantly more frequent in PCOS patients than in controls (64.1% versus 40%).
Interleukin-6 Biomarker as Possible Predicator of Preeclampsia
Authors: Ashour Sajjad Kathem , Al-Ammar Haider Abd Jabbar , Sharif Yasmine Hamza
Published: October 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious illness that can harm both mothers and unborn children and may even be fatal. It contributes significantly to maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries. PE, which affects 2%–3% of women who are pregnant after 20 weeks of pregnancy, is marked by proteinuria and hypertension. PE is a significant condition that plays a significant role in maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries and is a significant cause of death for both mothers and newborns. Each year, around 60,000 maternal fatalities occur in the world. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in pregnant women during the first trimester and second trimesters. IL-6 was necessary to establish serum biomarkers that can accurately predict the onset of preeclampsia. In a prospective cohort study that was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and Antenatal Care Unit at Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL-Diwaniyah – Iraq, 160 pregnant patients between the years of 20 and 40 who were normotensive and had gestational ages of 10 to 13 weeks were included in this research between August 2021 and May 2022. Bioassays for IL-6 were conducted after blood samples were obtained. At the end of the study, it was confirmed that for women with pre-eclampsia (n = 33, 22.0%) and those women with no pre-eclampsia (n = 117, 78.0 %), there was no significant difference in the level between the preeclampsia and no preeclampsia group (p > 0.05).
A Python Notebook for Analysis on Medical Data
Authors: K. H. Mallikarjuna Rao  , G. Vishnu Vardhan  , B. Siri Chandana  , Dr. S. Sai Kumar
Published: October 2022

This python notebook uses the libraries present to analyze the medical data and form various data diagrams that help in the better visualization of the data which helps in better visualization that leads to better decision making. This data is primarily about availability of beds and hospitals in rural and urban areas across India. It is useful tool for the government to know about the facilities and increment them based on the data during the recent pandemic time. It will come in handy in the future also during any disasters, pandemics etc. This application visualizes different data in different forms such as pie charts, bar graphs and geographical visualization with data. It can display the sorted values and can show the state or UT that is first in the provision of the medical facilities to the people. The notebook can be used to track the major diseases and there expansion among the people in the particular disease prone areas. This application may also be used to expand beyond the limitation of beds and hospitals to medicines, equipment, specialist doctors and other facilities in the hospitals.
Potential Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines on Iranian Healthcare Workers: Comparison of Four Avai able Vaccines in Tehran: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abdollahi Amirsaleh , Naseh Iman , Kalroozi Fatemeh , Kazemi-Galougahi Mohammad Hassan , Nezamzadeh Maryam , Qorbanzadeh Aida , Ameri Reza , Taghavi Hooman , Zoshk Mojtaba Yousefi
Published: October 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to compare four COVID-19 vaccines for their potential extensive side effects and the relationship between the side effects and age, body mass index (BMI), and history of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2021 among 1474 healthcare workers of seven selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. All the subjects were vaccinated (91.7% received two doses and 8.3% received one dose) with one of four vaccines, Sputnik, Covaxin, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm, at least 10 days before the study. The incidence of 47 side effects was measured after vaccination. Results: Over half of the participants (59.4%; n = 876) were 20–29 years of age, with the mean and average BMI being 26.1±9.0 and 23.5±3.4, respectively; 36.0% (n = 530) were previously diagnosed with COVID-19. There was no significant relationship between age and the incidence of side effects for AstraZeneca, Sputnik, and Covaxin; however, the occurrence of side effects of Sinopharm was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among younger healthcare workers. There was no significant relationship between BMI and the incidence of side effects for all four vaccines. However, in the group with a history of COVID-19 disease, health care workers vaccinated with the Sinopharm vaccine showed significantly (p < 0.001) more complications. The occurrence rate of at least one adverse effect and referral to medical centers for AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Covaxin, and Sinopharm vaccines were 24.9–93.9%, 18.2–86.0%, 14.8–77.0%, and 3.5–37.2%, respectively. The highest and lowest rates were found for AstraZeneca and Sinopharm showing a significant (p < 0.001) difference. The most commonly observed side effects for the AstraZeneca vaccine included fever (64.4%), fatigue (62.5%), and muscle pain (59.9%); for Sputnik muscle pain (59.8%), fever (49.5%), and fatigue (49.5%); for Covaxin fever (49.2%), topical reaction (41.0), and fatigue (34.4%); and for Sinopharm fever (18.7%), topical reaction (17.9%), and fatigue (16.6%). Inactivated virus vaccines (Sinopharm and Covaxin) showed a lower (39.7%) occurrence rate of side effects compared to viral vector vaccines (AstraZeneca and Sputnik; 90.6%). The most likely time for the vaccines to exert side effects was the first 24 hours after vaccination. Conclusions: We found no significant relationship between age, BMI, history of COVID-19 disease, and the incidence of side effects in healthcare workers vaccinated with any of the four vaccines. All four vaccines are safe and have controlled side effects.
Perilaku Konsumen Tentang Kualitas Produk Dalam Meningkatkan Keputusan Pembelian Produk AMDK
Authors: Maruapey Wilda Insum , Guslina Indri , Idrus Yuslan
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine how the behavior of students of Class XII-IPA SMA Negeri 3 Salahutu about quality of product AYUDES glass packaging size 240ml in related with increasing purchasing decisions. The research was conducted at SMA N 3 Salahutu and in CV. Abadi Tiga Mandiri as a company that production of product AYUDES. In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods through data collection techniques with steps in the form of interviews, observation, literature study, internet searching and documentation. After that the researcher performs the analysis by testing the credibility of the data and test the validity of the data. Until the researcher get the conclusion that: student of class XII-IPA SMA N 3 Salahutu have purchasing behavior which is driven by social factor, culture, personal and psychology, product AYUDES size 240ml have good quality, so increase student decision of class XII-IPA SMA N 3 Salahutu to buy product AYUDES size 240ml.Keywords : Consumer behavior, product quality, purchasing decision
Eksistensi Budaya Pataheri Suku Nuaulu ditengah Arus Modernisasi pada Negeri Nuanea
Authors: Tanamal Johan , Nahuway Lodewyk , Soselissa Hendry Ch
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine how Pataheri culture is practiced in the Nuaulu community at Nuanea village, Amahai district, central Maluku region and how the Nuaulu society views Pataheri culture in the present era. Data collection methods included observation, library research and interview. Meanwhile, the elders, the leader of the youth community, the village secretary and the ruler of Nuanea village serve as important informants. Through data reduction, data testing and conclusion, data were studied qualitatively to portray the full occurrence in accordance with reality in the field.

          The findings demonstrated that pataheri a five stages maturation process for Nuaulu boys in their villages was a sign that their tribe descendant from Patalima cluster in Maluku. Additionaly, the Nuaulu people hold the opinion that modern knowledge and technological advancements are the not the main drivers of changing to Nuaulu society’s customs and culture as a part of one’s own identity is a shared obligation.
Practice Escaping an Ideological Grip
Authors: Pfingsthorn Joanna
Published: October 2022

Although it is assumed that learner errors are an integral part of the language
learning experience, their exact conceptualization as a phenomenon and, by
extension, the understanding of their role in relation to language proficiency or
communicative competence remained unclear during the twentieth century.
If the twentieth century truly marked an overarching, communicative revolution
in the field of FL education, the basic assumptions of the CLT ‘paradigm
shift’ should affect Cuban’s complete multi-layer curriculum. This contribution
demonstrates how the analysis of past practices aids critical judgment as
to whether Cuban’s taught and tested curricula are able to resist top-down
attempts of the intended curriculum to reframe them, thereby escaping the
ideological grip of educational teaching agendas or alleged paradigm shifts.
Odonata Fauna of Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, Sabah
Authors: Yen Choong Chee
Published: October 2022

Dragonflies and damselflies, collectively known as Odonata, are an important component of fresh water ecosystems. The Odonata fauna of the Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA) was surveyed during the Batu Timbang Research Station Scientific Expedition on 16-26 August 2017. A total of 62 Odonata species from 13 families were recorded. The family Libellulidae had the highest number of species (27), and this was followed by Coenagrionidae (nine species), Calopterygidae (five species), Platycnemididae (five species) and Platystictidae (four species). The other families (Devadattidae, Chlorocyphidae, Euphaeidae, Lestidae, Philosinidae, Aeshnidae, Corduliidae and Macromiidae) were only represented by 1-3 species. Of the species recorded, 30 are new records for ICCA. The number of species recorded was high, indicating the high diversity of Odonata fauna of ICCA. These records were combined with the existing records in literature to produce a checklist. At present, 68 species from 15 families are known from ICCA.
Amphibians and Reptiles of Imbak Canyon Study Centre and Batu Timbang Camp
Authors: Ahmad Norhayati
Published: October 2022

Amphibians and reptiles of Imbak Canyon Study Centre and Batu Timbang Camp  have never been studied and  this expedition was organised to produce an inventory of the species. The herpetofaunal animals were searched actively using the visual encounter survey method. A total of 84 specimens of amphibians and reptiles were obtained, comprising 75 amphibians and nine reptiles. The total number of species obtained during the expedition was 33 (26 amphibian species and 7 reptilian species). Twenty species were obtained from Batu Timbang Camp (BTC) and 21 species were recorded from Imbak Canyon Study Centre (ICSC). The updated compiled list of species of herpetofauna at ICCA is now 73 species (37 amphibian species and 36 reptilian species).
A preliminary survey of Araceae of Batu Timbang, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah, Malaysia Borneo.
Authors: Saibeh Kartini
Published: October 2022

During a scientific expedition to Batu Timbang, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sandakan, Sabah between 17 and 20 August 2017, 14 species in seven genera of Araceae were collected. The genera are Pothos (Pothos [Allopothos] sp.); Rhaphidophora (R. korthalsii, R. sylvestris, R. latevaginata); Scindapusus (S. pictus, S. longistipitatus, S. kinabaluensis, and Scindapsus sp. nov.); Schismatoglottis (S. wongii); Aglaonema sp.; Ooia sp. and Alocasia (A. robusta, A. sarawakensis, and A. wongii).
Situating critical thinking and creativity as enablers of value-based education among secondary school students in Kenya
Authors: Njonge Teresia
Published: October 2022

This article aimed at reviewing the literature based on the critical thinking and creativity as enablers of value-based education education among Secondary School Students in Kenya. This paper may help highlight the need to include critical thinking and creativity in the curriculum, thus prompting the need for a curriculum review. In understanding the context of this discourse, the paper focused on two approaches: philosophical and psychological perspectives, emphasising moral philosophy for value-based education. This paper employed the collection of secondary data by using a desk research method of data collection. The data utilised two types of approaches: Internal and external desk research. The data was then subjected to content and discourse analyses to realise systematic and objective outcomes and interpretation as guided by the theoretical conceptualisation. The paper revealed that critical thinking involves inductive and deductive reasoning and problem-solving, nurturing creativity and innovativeness. Education aims at producing well-informed learners with skills and competencies that enable them to think analytically and critically, thereby applying what they have learned to enhance their own lives and sustainably contribute to society's development. This paper highlighted the need for instructors to provide explicit instructions to learners on how to transfer to new contexts and use cooperative and collaborative learning methods (constructivist approaches) that place students at the centre of the learning process.
Alignment between actual and planned assessments: implementation of the Accounting curriculum in Eswatini.
Authors: Sithole Nosipho P , Joseph Osodo  , Liphie Pereira
Published: October 2022

This study explored the extent to which the assessments produced by teachers in the implementation of the Eswatini General Certificate of Secondary Education (EGCSE) Accounting curriculum (actual assessment) align with the requirements of the curriculum (planned assessment). EGCSE is a learner-centred curriculum which was introduced in 2006 in Eswatini. It emphasises the development of higher-order thinking skills. The study used a mixed-methods approach and a descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling was adopted to select nine (9) Accounting teachers who participated in this study. Questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were the method used in data collection. Descriptive statistics such as percentages and measures of central tendency were used to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The study found that there is no alignment between what is required of the learner in external and internal assessments. It was concluded that teachers were not implementing the EGCSE Accounting curriculum as intended. In-service training for all senior secondary school Accounting teachers was recommended so to equip teachers with assessment skills for the effective implementation of the EGCSE Accounting curriculum.
The relationship between integrated examination module and individual learner management in public secondary schools in Kericho County Kenya
Authors: Sheila Jeruto  , Dorothy Soi  , Alfred Bett  , Lucy Ngure
Published: October 2022

This study examines the relationship between the integrated examination module and individual learner management in public secondary schools in Kericho County. The Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) and Data to Knowledge Process Model guided the study. The study used a correlation survey research design. The unit of sampling was the schools. The target population comprised 273 directors of studies (DOS) from 273 schools in Kericho County. Stratified random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 140 DOS. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The reliability of each research instrument was determined using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, and it yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.74. The data collected were then analysed with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables and narrations. The study established the respondents used the examination module to collect and analyse assessment data, with an overall mean of 3.56. The respondents also used the analysed data to manage individual learners, with an overall mean of 3.55. Further, the study established that there was no significant relationship between the examination module and individual learner management n (114) =0.391 p ˃ 0.05 = R² 0.07. The study recommended the introduction of compulsory and frequent compulsory courses on data management for all school staff members by the government and that measures be put in place to ensure that collected data is used to make a decision on individual learners.
Overcoming HIV/AIDS discrimination: The role of community based care in Kenya
Authors: Paul M. Ombati
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of Mwanyagetinge community-based care in helping PLWHAS overcome social discrimination in Kisii municipality. The study used a case study design. The target population was 300,000 people affected and infected by HIV and AIDS epidemic within Kisii Municipality. From an accessible population of 500 people, a sample size of 239 was purposively selected, out of which 128 PLWHAS were support group members, whereas 74 were not, and 25 were family caregivers. Data were collected using questionnaires. A pilot study was done to determine the reliability of the instrument. The questionnaires yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.7815. SPSS version 12.5 for windows) was used to analyse data. The chi-square test was used to determine the presence of any association between Mwanyagetinge Community-Based Care and social discrimination. The data generated by the study established that Mwanyagetinge Community based caregiver visits helped PLWHAS to overcome social prejudice. The recommendation put forward by the study is that the government should give incentives to the community, churches and NGOs to develop the programs meant to assist PLWHAS and prevent the further spread of HIV/AIDS. The plan can be achieved through legislation and policy formulation for the care and protection of PLWHAS.
Theology of culture for modern Africa
Authors: Mutuku J. Musila
Published: October 2022

This paper will therefore seek to formulate a distinct theology of culture for the modern African context, and one that will respond appropriately to the unique and varied needs of the modern African person. This paper utilises Prof. William Dryness’ description of the culture, which offers a finer definition of the term. The role and place of culture in theological discourses has been a subject of intense controversy among theologians and scholars over the years. This controversy has been fueled by the perceived exclusion of culture as a key player in shaping our theological enterprise and especially in the African context. The foregoing notwithstanding, theology in its nature is contextual. This assertion flows from both the biblical and historical models of theologising.  It is notable therefore that, culture plays a vital role in the theological enterprise of a given people in a given place. There is a need to open our spectrum of learning about God in the African context. If we stick only to the conventional theological approach and notions that were in many ways not inclusive, we may lose an opportunity to learn and discover God. This is why a theology of Culture is important because it adds a new arena or platform upon which God’s revelatory possibility is evident.
Strategies for enhancing community development: A case of Anglican development services in Kenya
Authors: Peter Muriithi Wambugu  , Dickson Nkonge Kagema  , Stephen Micheni
Published: October 2022

This research sought to investigate the strategies employed by ADS in enhancing Community Development (CD) in Kenya. The study targeted four Anglican Development Services (ADS) regions in Kenya, namely, Pwani, Eastern, Mount Kenya East and NAIKA (Nairobi, Kajiado and All Saints). A sample of 330 respondents drawn from a target population of 1,827 was acquired through a Descriptive Research design. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies and percentages, while thematic analysis was done on qualitative data. The findings illustrated that there were well-founded strategies for enhancing CD in Kenya employed by the ADS. In this regard, the ADS use strategies that are implementable on the ground to improve the sustainability of CD within targeted areas. The main strategies employed by the four ADS regions in enhancing CD in Kenya include mobilising for food production and security in the community, partnership and networking for community capacity building, promotion of health care, training and mobilising farmers to form groups to promote Agri-business by Farming God’s. These findings illustrated that the ADS has an array of strategies for enhancing CD in Kenya. It is recommended that for the effectiveness of ADS strategies, the target recipients should be expanded through a conscientisation process, biblical and theological interventions and a participatory transformation approach, with the most vulnerable members of the community receiving priority.
Crash modeling of a light composite aircraft
Authors:   , Moletsane Moeletsi Augustinus
Published: October 2022

The study presented here was focused on the crash analysis of light composite aircraft on relatively survivable accidents. The crash analysis approach was based on the numerical simulation using the finite element software (MSC.Dytran). The aircraft crash environment, impact terrain, impact angles and material properties were identified, and later introduced into the aircraft crash model. The background on composite materials is discussed and more focus was given to their response at high strain rates. The modeling methodology is also discussed with more emphasis on the finite element analysis approach and the failure theories behind composite materials. The failure criteria are based on assumptions considered for the classical lamination theory, and each of the failure theories in MSC.Dytran were evaluated before being introduced into the crash model. The Tsai-Wu failure criterion was found to be capable of predicting the progressive ply failure of the composite lamina. The Ravin 500 light composite aircraft model was used for the purpose of this study and four crash scenarios of impacting the aircraft onto the soil model were considered. The aircraft was impacted at the same crash velocity but different flight path angles were considered. The 10⁰, 15⁰, 20⁰ and 30⁰ crash angles together with a crash velocity of 22m/s were used. The impact approach was influenced by the previous literature; it shows that the structural damage of an aircraft during crash accident is affected largely by the crash angle. The results of each crash scenario are presented and mainly focused on the failure response of the aircraft structure. The conclusion on the crashworthiness of the Ravin 500 light composite aircraft is also drawn based on the numerical work. Details regarding the future work or recommendations for the design philosophy and means of improving the crashworthiness of the light composite aircraft are also presented. In addition, more emphasis is focused in the occupant’s space within the aircraft.
The effect of pelletised and powdered lime on soil Ph, crop yield and crop quality on Richards Bay KZN soil
Authors:   , Naidoo Veloshni
Published: October 2022

In the 20th century, food security was constrained due to the increase in population and the pressure it placed on food demand. By 2050 further strain is going to be placed on food security as the population is anticipated to double. Land and natural resources are scarce, and soil acidity is a major concern in most parts of the world. A solution to treat acidic soil to increase its fertility to obtain better crop yields and quality is the treatment of lime together with gypsum. Lime is found in two forms pelletised and powdered; however, there lacks practical evidence to support; which is the best form to obtain optimised crop yields and crop quality. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the effect of each lime form together with gypsum on soil pH stabilisation, crop yield and crop quality on a peanut harvest. A quantitative research paradigm and an experimental research strategy were adopted. The pilot study found that the dosage range for pelletised lime being 3 tons/hectare plus 20%vol/lime gypsum and powdered lime was 5 tons/hectare plus 20%vol/lime gypsum. These dosage rates resulted in optimised crop yield and crop quality of peanuts. To ascertain the effects of elevated dosage rates the main study found the effect of both powdered and pelletised lime at two times and three times the optimised dosage range on soil pH stabilisation, crop yield and crop quality. Experimental error was minimised with the use of replicate samples, and a control (the untreated soil) was used as a reference. The optimum dosage range of pelletised lime resulted in a higher crop yield, and 100% of the crop met the quality standard as all peanuts yielded filled the shell cavity. However, the optimum dosage range for powdered lime resulted in a lower crop yield Furthermore, only 65% of the crop met the quality standard. It was found that less pelletised lime is required to stabilise soil pH than powdered lime over a period. Soil treated with pelletised lime had an increased crop yield and quality of peanuts over the use of powdered lime. Despite the above findings, it was evident that overtreatment of both pelletised and powdered lime alone and together with gypsum did not result in a better crop yield or quality. The overtreatment of either pelletised lime or powdered lime and gypsum showed a decrease in crop yield and quality once the optimised dose was exceeded. Consequently the overtreatment of either lime form or gypsum possibly had a toxic effect and inhibited crop yield and crop quality.
Determination of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) levels in surface waters by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/VIS) detector
Authors: CANLI Oltan , GÜZEL Barış , ÇETİNTÜRK Kartal
Published: October 2022

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chemical that is harmful to human health with its high solubility in water, which is used as a metal chelating agent in industries such as medicine, food, personal care product, agriculture. Thus, it is necessary to should be monitored in surface waters taken from dams supplying drinking and utility water. This work presents the applicability of the HPLC-UV/VIS system for the quantification of EDTA in surface waters based on the limit values of national and international legislation such as the Turkish Regulation on the Management of Surface Water Quality. The applicability of EDTA quantification in surface water was checked with validation study. The method validation consisted of selectivity, calibration curve linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (recovery), and precision. In selectivity study, no peaks belonging to interfering compounds that would cause false-positive results were found in the chromatograms at the retention time of EDTA (5.773 min.). The linearity of EDTA was obtained ranging from 10 µg/L to 200 µg/L concentrations with the correlation coefficient of 0.9985 and the calibration curve equation of y=4659.4x-50223. The LOD and LOQ values of EDTA was 2.85 µg/L and 9.51 µg/L with the RSD of 5.36. In accuracy, the mean recovery of EDTA in surface water has been determined as 87.51 percent with an RSD of 6.11. The repeatability (RSD, %) varied from 5.44 % to 7.02 % with concentrations of 35.19 ± 1.91 μg/L and 17.11 ± 1.20 μg/L, whereas the reproducibility (RSD, %) was obtained at 3.45 % with the concentration of 34.13 ± 1.18 μg/L. In this study, the presence of EDTA was investigated in approximately 300 surface water samples and EDTA was found as positive in the concentration range of 11.17 µg/L to 52.14 µg/L in eleven real samples.
Determination of physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate sauces sold in Turkish markets
Authors: KAMIŞ Yunus Emre , AKAR Bülent , BALTACI Cemallettin
Published: October 2022

In this study, it was aimed to determine the physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate sauces sold in the market in Turkey. A total of 18 pomegranate sauces were studied; 17 of which were purchased from the market, and one of them was produced in a rotary evaporator in the laboratory. For each sample, analysis of antioxidant activity, titratable acidity, brix, hydroxymethyl furfural, pH, color analysis, and sugar analyzes were performed. Antioxidant activity values were analyzed using 6 different methods (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS●+ radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC), the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) methods). The lowest and highest values were determined for methods of DPPH (5.23- 2822.69 mg AA/kg), FRAP (57.94 - 2380.94 mg FeSO4/kg), TAC (660.47 - 3690.83 mg AA/kg), TFC (23.06 - 11680.71 mg QEE/kg), TPC (123.54 -9566.95 mg GAE/kg). Brix, pH and % titration acidity values varied between 70.00 - 76.70%, 1.66 -2.88, 2.65 -7.58%, respectively. In addition, HMF values were measured below the limit values in most of the samples, while these values were found to be high in some of the samples. The highest and lowest HMF values were measured between 4.58 -103.68 mg/kg, respectively. Many factors such as raw materials, additives, applied heat treatments, production processes and storage conditions are effective on produced pomegranate sauces. If the production conditions are regulated in accordance with the standards, the HMF values in pomegranate sauce will be below the limit.
Electroanalytical Analysis of Guaifenesin from Pharmaceuticals on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: AĞIN Fatma , ÖZTÜRK Gökçe , KUL Dilek
Published: October 2022

The expectorant drug guaifenesin (GFN) electroanalytical analysis was performed on boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) methods. The results of CV studies indicate that the reaction mechanism of GFN in the oxidation direction on the BDDE is irreversible and diffusion controlled. The linearity ranges are 0.400 ˗ 100 µM and 0.800 ˗ 100 µM for DPV and SWV methods, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) values are obtained as 1.47 nM for DPV and 2.92 nM for SWV. Quantitative analysis of GFN from the pharmaceuticals was performed with fully validated DPV and SWV methods without any pre-separation. The sensitive methods with good recovery, high precision and accuracy have been developed for the electroanalytical analysis of GFN.
Analisis Tingkat Pendapatan Petani Garam yang Menggunakan Geomembran di Desa Lembung Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Nazizah Fitrotin , Sustiyana
Published: October 2022

Garam merupakan salah satu pangan nasional yang kebutuhannya terus meningkat, baik kebutuhan industri maupun konsumsi. Sebagai gambaran kebutuhan garam pada tahun 2018 mencapaiÂ  4 juta ton, dan pada tahun 2019 ada peningkatan yaitu mencapai 4,2 juta ton (KKP, 2021). Salah satu yang menyebabkan peningkatan produksi adalah penggunaan teknologi geomembran dalam usahatani garamnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Mengetahui karakteristik usahatani garam menggunakan geomembran di Desa Lembung Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan; (2) untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani garam di Desa Lembung Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan. Faktor-faktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah luas lahan, modal kerja dan produksi. Adapun metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah usahatani garam menggunakan geomembran di Desa Lembung memproduksi sebanyak rata-rata 106 ton, dengan pendapatan rata-rata sebesar Rp70.227.711,11. Berdasarkan hasil uji t, faktor luas lahan dan modal kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan, sedangkan produksi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Secara simultan faktor luas lahan, modal kerja dan produksi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pendapatan.
„Wie lange hat das Ganze denn gedauert?“ - Genauigkeit retrospektiver Zeitdauerschätzungen von emotionalen Ereignissen unterschiedlicher Valenz
Authors: Datschewski Lisa , Schemmel Jonas , Volbert Renate
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung: Die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde durch einen strafrechtlichen Fall angeregt, in dem die Frage relevant war, ob und ggf. in welchem Umfang die zeitliche Dauer eines belastenden Erlebnisses in der retrospektiven Betrachtung überschätzt werden kann. In einem 2x2 between-subjects Design wurde 118 Probanden jeweils ein Video gezeigt, das mindestens ein mittleres Maß von Arousal erzeugte. Variiert wurde die Valenz (positiv/negativ) sowie die Dauer des Videos (2 min/5.5 min). Während der Präsentation waren die Teilnehmenden nicht informiert, dass es um Zeitschätzung geht. Nach einer Woche wurden sie gebeten, eine Zeiteinschätzung abzugeben. Als abhängige Variable (AV) wurde die absolute Zeiteinschätzung sowie die proportionale Abweichung von der realen Zeit erfasst. Der Einfluss der Variablen Arousal und Komplexität der Handlung des Videos wurde kontrolliert, erreichte jeweils aber keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss im Modell. Kovarianzanalysen ergaben, dass die längeren negativen Videos – absolut und proportional – als signifikant länger eingeschätzt wurden als die längeren positiven Videos, während sich ein entsprechender Valenz-Effekt bei den kurzen Videos nicht fand. Die proportionale Abweichung von der realen Dauer erwies sich valenzübergreifend bei den kürzeren Videos stärker ausgeprägt als bei den längeren. Schlüsselwörter: Retrospektive Zeitschätzung, Zeitwahrnehmung, Arousal, Valenz, Erinnerung, Zeugenaussage Abstract: The present study was motivated by a criminal case in which the question arose as to whether and, if so, to what extent the temporal duration of a stressful experience can be overestimated in retrospective evaluation. In a 2x2 between-subjects design, 118 subjects were each shown a video that produced at least a medium level of arousal. The valence (positive/negative) and the duration of the video (2 min/5.5 min) were varied. During the presentation, participants were not informed that time estimation was involved. After one week, they were asked to give a time estimate. As dependent variables, absolute time estimation and proportional deviation from real time were measured, and it was controlled for arousal and complexity of the video. Covariance analyses showed that long negative videos – absolutely and proportionally – were rated as significantly longer than the long positive videos, while a corresponding valence effect was not found for the short videos. The proportional overestimation from the real duration showed to be more pronounced independent of valence for the short videos than for the long ones. Keywords: Retrospective duration estimation, time perception, emotional events, arousal, valence, memory, testimony
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
Authors: CADTH
Published: October 2022

CADTH recommends that Keytruda should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions if certain conditions are met.

Keytruda should only be covered to treat patients aged 18 years and older with RCC of clear cell subtype and previous nephrectomy, with or without surgery to remove 1 or more metastases, who are at intermediate-high or high risk of the tumour returning, and without prior systemic therapy for advanced RCC. Patients should also be in relatively good health.

Keytruda should only be reimbursed if prescribed by a clinician with experience in RCC management, in specialized clinics with expertise in systemic treatment and immunotherapy delivery, and if the price of Keytruda is reduced. Keytruda should not be used in combination with other adjuvant cancer treatments.