bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life in the fastlane? A comparative analysis of gene expression profiles across annual, semi-annual, and non-annual killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Authors: Leow Chi Jing , Piller Kyle R.
Published: September 2024

The Turquoise Killifish is an important vertebrate for the study of aging and age-related diseases due to its short lifespan. Within Nothobranchiidae, species possess annual, semi-annual, or non-annual life-histories. We took a comparative approach and examined gene expression profiles (QuantSeq) from 62 individuals from eleven nothobranchid species that span three life-histories. Our results show significant differences in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across life-histories with non-annuals and semi-annuals being most similar, and annuals being the most distinct. At finer scales, we recovered significant differences in DEGs for DNA repair genes and show that non-annual and semi-annuals share similar gene expression profiles, while annuals are distinct. Most of the GO terms enriched in annuals are related to metabolic processes. However, GO terms, including translation, protein transport, and DNA replication initiation also are enriched in annuals. Non-annuals are enriched in Notch signaling pathway genes and downregulated in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway compared to annual species, which suggests that non-annuals have stronger regulation in cellular processes. This study provides support for congruency in DEGs involved in these life-histories and provides strong evidence that a particular set of candidate genes may be worthy of study to investigate their role in the aging process.
Surface settlement induced by frictional force of epb shield tunneling in sandy gravels
Authors: Rong Xuening , Gao Lirong , Ji Chaoling , Han Aimin , Liu Hailong , Han Songtong
Published: September 2024

The excavation of Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield can be divided into two distinct stages, i.e. advancing and lining installation. The frictional force applied on surrounding soils reverses at these two stages, which is harmful to the settlement control. Based on Mindlin’s method, a new model of surface settlement is derived to involve the reversed friction. A closed form formula is then obtained for the major type of metro tunnels. Main operational parameters are also used as input of the formula. Numerous operational data and measured settlements are collected from EPB tunnels of Chengdu Metro, Line 7. The proposed formula is validated against these field data in sandy gravels. It is shown that the new formula gives reasonable prediction of surface settlement along the tunnel sections. The accuracy of new formula is significantly higher than that of Peck’s formula. This study provides a new vision in settlement control of EPB shield tunneling. The increase of chamber pressure will induce higher negative friction during the lining installation. Therefore, surface settlement of EPB tunneling cannot be controlled by just increasing chamber pressure. A balanced relationship between the chamber pressure and the thrust should be maintained instead.
Phycocyanin attenuates skeletal muscle damage and fatigue via modulation of Nrf2 and IRS-1/AKT/mTOR pathway in exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Puengpan Sayomphu , Phetrungnapha Amnat , Sattayakawee Sarawut , Tunsophon Sakara
Published: September 2024

Prolonged strenuous exercise induces oxidative stress, leading to oxidative damage, skeletal muscle fatigue, and reduced exercise performance. The body compensates for oxidative stress through antioxidant actions, while related enzymes alone may not overcome excessive oxidative stress during prolonged strenuous exercise. Phycocyanin is an important antioxidant supplement derived from blue-green algae, which may be helpful in this type of situation. This study determined the effects of phycocyanin on exercise performance from prolonged strenuous exercise. Forty Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8 /group); Control group (C), Exercise group (E), and Exercise with supplement groups receiving low dose (Phycocyanin = 100 mg/kg BW; ELP) and high dose (Phycocyanin = 200 mg/kg BW; EHP) or vitamin C (Vitamin C = 200 mg/kg BW; VC). Phycocyanin was found to decrease oxidative damage markers, muscle fatigue, and muscle atrophy through the activated AKT/mTOR pathway. This was also found to have greater increases in antioxidants via Nrf2 signaling and increases ATP synthesis, GLUT4 transporters, and insulin signaling due to increased IRS-1/AKT signaling. In conclusion, phycocyanin was found to reduce oxidative damage and muscle atrophy, including an increase in insulin signaling in skeletal muscles leading to increased exercise performance in rats.
SDE19, a SEC-dependent effector from ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ suppresses plant immunity and targets Citrus sinensis Sec12 to interfere with vesicle trafficking
Authors: Huang Guiyan , Chang Xiaopeng , Hu Yanan , Li Fuxuan , Wang Nian , Li Ruimin
Published: September 2024

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), which is caused by the phloem-colonizing bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), poses a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. The pathogenicity mechanism of HLB remains poorly understood. SEC-dependent effectors (SDEs) have been suggested to play critical roles in the interaction between citrus and CLas. Here, we explored the function of CLIBASIA_05320 (SDE19), a core SDE from CLas, and its interaction with its host target. Our data revealed that SDE19 is expressed at higher level during infection of citrus than that during infection of the Asian citrus psyllid. Subcellular localization assays showed that SDE19 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm and is capable of moving from cell to cell in Nicotiana benthamiana. To investigate whether SDE19 facilitates pathogen infection, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and citrus plants overexpressing SDE19. Transgenic A. thaliana and citrus plants were more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), respectively. In addition, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that overexpression of SDE19 resulted in a reprogramming of expression of genes related to biotic stimulus responses. SDE19 interacts with Citrus sinensis Sec12, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor responsible for the assembly of plant COPII (coat protein II)-coated vesicles, which mediate vesicle trafficking from the ER to the Golgi. SDE19 colocalizes with Sec12 in the ER by binding to its N-terminal catalytic region, affecting the stability of Sec12 through the 26S proteasome. This interaction hinders the secretion of apoplastic defense-related proteins such as PR1, P69B, GmGIP1, and RCR3. Furthermore, the secretion of PR1 and callose deposition is decreased in SDE19-transgenic A. thaliana. Taken together, SDE19 is a novel virulent SDE secreted by CLas that interacts with Sec12 to disrupt vesicle trafficking, inhibit defense-related proteins secretion, and promote bacterial infection. This study sheds light on how CLas manipulates the host vesicle trafficking pathway to suppress the secretion of defense-related proteins and interfere with plant immunity.
Introducing hospitable destinations
Authors: Anastasiadou Constantia , Lugosi Peter , Todd Louise
Published: September 2024

This editorial introduces the concept of hospitable destinations and sets the context for the Special Issue articles. It begins by exploring the complex nature of destinations more generally and highlighting their links with place. The discussion then moves to critically examining intersections of hospitality and destinations, considering various drivers for mobilizing hospitableness in strategic placemaking and the impacts of emergent hospitality-related practices on disparate destination stakeholders. The next section introduces the articles in the Special Issue, which examine in diverse empirical contexts how hospitality is experienced, co-created, operationalized and strategically deployed to produce, and occasionally challenge, notions of hospitable destinations. The editorial concludes by reflecting on the implications of the Special Issue articles for future research and practice that adopts hospitality perspectives to plan, manage and examine destinations.
Portraying the Philosopher as Chorus Members and Leaders Thereof in Plato’s Theaetetus 172c-177c
Authors: Ionescu Cristina
Published: September 2024

One of the most puzzling aspects of the portrait of the philosopher in the Theaetetus is that the depiction of this disengaged and aloof character is odds with the depiction of Socrates himself both in this dialogue and in others. In this paper I follow thinkers like Dorter, Sedley, and Blondell, who argue that the philosopher-leader is an abstract ideal that is not meant to be understood as a character in flesh and blood, but I aim to go beyond what they have done so far by enlarging the scope of the question and elaborating on it. More specifically, I want to explore the significance of this double-tiered assessment of the philosopher in terms of the philosopher in flesh and blood as philosopher of the chorus (οῖ ἐν τῶ τοιῶδε χορεθύοντες, 173c1-2) and this abstract image of the idealized philosopher-leader of the chorus (οῖ κορμφαίοι, 173c6-7). I ask specifically why we need such an idealized figure as a model to emulate especially in a context in which Plato’s Socrates is offering us God as ultimate model to follow (“becoming as like God as possible” 176a-b). Whom is a philosopher like Socrates supposed to be taking as model: the idealized figure of the philosopher-leader, the god, or both? And, if both, then isn’t the figure of the idealized philosopher redundant? Do we need the image of the idealized philosopher at all?
Navigating Childhood Cancer: Gaining Strength Through Family, Self, and Your Child
Authors:   Big Time Adulting / Care+Wear community, Murray Caitlin M.
Published: September 2024

It was the day after Christmas last year and just two months after my son’s third birthday that he was diagnosed with Leukemia. Every parent’s biggest fear is to hear their child has a disease, with cancer likely topping the charts. I remember those first nights in the hospital, my husband and I smiling and pretending that things were fine for our son by day, hugging each other on our hospital cot sobbing by night. It is a time that is incredibly painful and still surreal to look back on. I recall vividly when a team of doctors entered our hospital room to deliver his official diagnosis. We had been doing a copious amount of reading about what his condition might be while awaiting the final results of his bone marrow aspirate.
Endoscopic Through-the-Scope X-Tack Helix Suturing System for Complete Closure of a Large Full-Thickness After Surgical Gastric Perforation
Authors: Almasaid Sharifeh , Suhail Fathima Keshia , Khan Hafiz M.
Published: September 2024

Gastric perforation is considered a surgical emergency managed operatively; however, endoscopic repair techniques have gained popularity as they are cost-effective, improve mortality, and decrease hospital stay and recurrence. With increased prevalence of gastric defects postoperatively and after invasive endoscopic procedures, various endoscopic techniques were developed over the years, but special consideration should be given to the defect type, size, and location. Our case highlights the use of X-Tack through-the-scope suturing for closing a large, full-thickness gastric perforation in a difficult location where OverStitch is not feasible.
De Thomas Bernhard a Los incapaces, de Alberto Montero: traumas propios y escrituras ajenas
Authors: Salaris Banegas Francisco
Published: September 2024

Los incapaces (2015) es hasta el momento la única novela publicada del escritor argentino Alberto Montero. En ella, el psicoanalista Monroe cuenta sus desventuras, que se extienden, mediante una única frase sin puntos, por casi cuatrocientas páginas. Para consolidar su voz, Monroe recurre a lo que llama sus «maneras bernhardianas»: reconoce a Thomas Bernhard como su maestro indiscutido y utiliza la textualidad del ‘pastiche’, en la que el estilo de otro autor se copia y, en algunos casos, se extrema. Este préstamo consigue una liberación de la escritura que permite, por fin, sortear las vicisitudes de la interrupción a la que se halla sometido el acto de escribir. Monroe, que ha dejado inconclusos todos sus proyectos literarios, no puede parar de escribir, y se produce así una disociación entre el sujeto y la escritura, que aquí proponemos llamar escritura emancipada o alienada y que puede leerse como un ensayo de teoría escritural. Esta nueva escritura se articula desde el trauma, entendido como un dispositivo que es ajeno al nivel consciente del sujeto y que se basa en la compulsión a la repetición. El objetivo de este trabajo, entonces, consiste en delinear las condiciones y las características de la escritura emancipada –cuyas raíces están, sin dudas, en los textos de Bernhard–; esta aproximación servirá, además, como puerta de entrada para introducirse en las complejas relaciones entre la literatura argentina y la literatura de habla alemana.
Trabajadores transfronterizos en Melilla: perfiles y evolución en una década de cambios
Authors: Granda Lucía , Nebot i Nieto Oriol
Published: September 2024

Esta investigación estudia los perfiles de trabajadores transfronterizos marroquíes que acudían diariamente a Melilla en el periodo 2014-2023, y el impacto del cierre de 2020 y las nuevas condiciones de reapertura de 2022, a partir de los datos de la Oficina de Extranjería de Melilla. Este mercado laboral está mayoritariamente compuesto por mujeres, ocupadas en el empleo del hogar, cuidados y limpieza, sector caracterizado por su alta precariedad. Es también destacable el gran impacto del cierre y la caída en el número de trabajadores tras la reapertura, reducido a una cuarta parte. La dificultad del acceso a este mercado laboral por la nueva normativa impulsa una tendencia a la extinción del fenómeno a medio plazo, ante la cual estas personas pueden ejercer resistencia y desarrollar estrategias como la solicitud de arraigo.
Electrochemical properties of carbon materials with high nitrogen content
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Zhivulin D. , Lutsenko A. , Zherebtcov D. , Morozov R. , Vyatkin G.
Published: September 2024

The development and improvement of materials for storing electrical energy is important for the development of renewable energy technology. Some of the most suitable devices for storing electrical energy are supercapacitors, since they are able to withstand high charge and discharge currents, and they have a large number of recharge cycles. The characteristics of double-layer supercapacitors (DLSC) largely depend on the materials of the electrode on which the electrical double layer is formed. The most promising materials for the production of DLSC are carbon-based materials, such as activated carbons, soot, fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene. It is possible to improve the characteristics of existing materials by increasing their electric conductivity, electrolyte wettability, and increasing the specific surface area. Doping carbon materials with nitrogen atoms makes it possible to solve these problems in many ways, including reducing their electric resistance. One of the ways to obtain nitrogen-rich carbon materials is the slow thermolysis of a mixture of coal tar pitch and melamine. This method makes it possible to obtain single-phase carbon materials with the pitch mass fraction up to 22 wt %. Electron microscopy methods have shown that with increasing nitrogen concentration, materials become loosened. With the use of X-ray phase analysis it has been shown that the resulting materials have a layered structure similar to graphite. Using the XPS method, it has been established that nitrogen atoms are embedded in the structure of the graphite sheet. The resulting materials are dominated by nitrogen atoms in the pyridine configuration. The electrochemical properties of the resulting materials have been studied in an electrochemical cell, which is a prototype of DLSC. The material with the nitrogen concentration of 4.2 wt % has the greatest capacity. The characteristics of the resulting DLSC have been compared with a commercially produced capacitor with a capacity of 220 mF and have shown their great similarity.
Crafting culture in the Adriatic: a case of woodcarvers and painters in Quattrocento Dubrovnik
Authors: Remškar Matevž
Published: September 2024

The well-preserved archival documentation in Dubrovnik provides valuable insights into various subjects, including production of art. This study delves into the collaboration between woodcarvers and painters in late medieval Dubrovnik, focusing on the mid-15th century, when artistic production was greatly influenced by the exceptional stability of the commune. Contribution challenges conventional assumptions regarding artist specialization during this era. Contracts from this period often delineated the responsibilities of painters in supervising carpentry work during artwork fabrication, while some documents suggest woodcarvers executed basic painting tasks. Discoveries are consistent with the knowledge of Italian art production, affirmed through meticulous examination of exceptionally well-preserved archival sources.
Vliv případu Kardassopoulos proti Gruzii a případů investorů ropné společnosti Yukos proti Ruské federaci na prozatímní provádění Smlouvy o energetické chartě a na prozatímní provádění smluv z pohledu mezinárodního práva veřejného
Authors: Šinková Barbara
Published: September 2024

The Energy Charter Treaty is a multilateral international treaty that contains regulations that, among other things, provide investors of other contracting parties with protection for their investments in the energy sector. Some States, including the Russian Federation, have provisionally applied the Energy Charter Treaty for several years in the wording of Article 45 of the Energy Charter Treaty. This provisional application under Article 45 of the Energy Charter Treaty raised issues that were considered in arbitrational and court proceedings. In this article, the author analyses several Awards on Jurisdiction and Admissibility of Tribunal, namely the Decision on Jurisdiction of Tribunal in the matter of Kardassopoulos v. Georgia and Interim Awards on Jurisdiction and Admissibility of Tribunal in the matter of investors of the former Russian Oil Company Yukos v. Russian Federation. The proceedings for annulment of Awards of the Tribunal in the matter of investors of former Russian Oil Company Yukos v. Russian Federation were brought before courts in the Netherlands, with the proceedings reaching the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, which decided the case on 5 November 2021. On the basis of the aforementioned decisions in the Kardassopoulos v. Georgia and Yukos oil company investors v. the Russian Federation cases, the author of the article focuses on the assessment of the effects of the provisional application of the Energy Charter Treaty, the interpretation of Article 45 of the Energy Charter Treaty, analysing the question of how the provisional application of the Energy Charter Treaty may be limited by the national law of the state that provisionally applies the Energy Charter Treaty.
Z vědeckého života: Zpráva z mezinárodní vědecké konference Aktuální otázky zajišťování osob a věcí v trestním řízení
Authors: Kajfoszová Markéta , Kolářová Kateřina
Published: September 2024

Conference report
Comparative Analysis of the Nuclear Presence of Adhesion/Growth-Regulatory Galectins and Reactivity in the Nuclei of Interphasic and Mitotic Cells
Authors: Kodet O. , Dvořánková B. , Lacina L. , André S. , Kaltner H. , Gabius H.-J. , Smetana Karel
Published: September 2024

Nuclear galectins participate in splicing of pre-mRNA. In this study we detected galectins-1, -2, -3 and -7 and their glycoligands in three types of cells: fibroblasts, cancer epithelial cells and melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that the nuclear expression of distinct types of galectins and their ligands in interphasic nuclei is dependent on the cell type. The extensive binding of labelled galectins-1 and -2 to mitotic cells (around chromosomes, in mitotic spindle and in bridge connecting both daughter cells) suggests their role during the cell division.
Is G.A. Cohen’s Egalitarian Ethos Consistent with Unconditional Basic Income?
Authors: Lucena de Andrés Julio
Published: September 2024

The egalitarian ethos, as formulated by G.A. Cohen, and the unconditional basic income are two proposals that a priori may seem incompatible. The reason is that Cohen’s ethos – aimed at reducing inequality without sacrificing efficiency or freedom- requires that individuals work hard in socially useful occupations without asking for any inequality-generating incentives. On the contrary, the UBI, as conceived by Van Parijs and van der Veen, consists of an income paid by the government to every full member of society regardless of their willingness to contribute to society in the form of work. In short, the ethos includes a productive requirement while the UBI has an unconditional character. However, if we introduce an absolute level of affluence above what occupational autonomy takes precedence over efficiency and if we broaden the range of socially useful contributions beyond formal employment, the tension between the egalitarian ethos and UBI will be alleviated.
The WBdigital Database: A Digital Repository for the Historical DIW-Wochenbericht, 1928–1968
Authors: Schöps Marcus , Wedekind Enrico , Gebel Tobias , Kempf Andreas O. , Löwe Peter , Kohlhepp Luca , Gehrke Alexander , Puppe Frank
Published: September 2024

Economic and social scientists are increasingly interested in historical data, but many relevant sources are still available in analog form, limiting accessibility and research potential. This article introduces the WBdigital database, which aims to improve this situation. The database provides digital access to the DIW Wochenbericht (1928–1968), including its economic texts and time series data covering both German and international perspectives. These research data offer an ideal framework for investigating important research questions related to historical contexts and current economic challenges. Thus, we hope that the WBdigital database will be a valuable tool for researchers interested in economic history.
An analysis of the music symbols in Pascal Quignard’s Tous les matins du monde
Authors: Liu Juan
Published: September 2024

This research paper delves into the intricate role of music as a symbolic form in Pascal Quignard’s novel Tous les matins du monde, exploring its capacity to convey profound human emotions and experiences. Set against the backdrop of 17th-century France, the narrative follows the lives of Monsieur de Sainte Colombe and Marin Marais, renowned viola da gamba players, to contemplate the essence of music and its representation of human sentiment. The paper examines the semiotic nature of music, its relationship with memory and emotion, and the philosophical inquiry into music’s intrinsic value as an art form. It also discusses the novel’s adaptation into a film and its impact on the revival of Baroque music. Furthermore, the paper draws parallels between the myth of Orpheus and the characters’ personal journeys, highlighting the transformative power of music and its ability to transcend reality. The analysis is grounded in the works of various scholars, including Ferdinand de Saussure, Suzanne Langer, and Charles Sanders Peirce, to provide a comprehensive understanding of music’s symbolic essence in Quignard’s literary creation.
Demystifying Jung's “Archetypes” with Embodied Cognition
Authors: Goodwyn Erik
Published: September 2024

Since he first proposed it, Carl Jung's “archetype” theory has faced resistance from a pervasive but seldom examined set of underlying Cartesian assumptions embedded in mainstream psychology. This paradigm assumed a physical universe (and hence body) free of psyche that coincided with an essentially disembodied mind largely concerned with abstract symbol manipulation. This situation led archetype theory to remain largely within insulated psychoanalytic circles for decades. Since the 1980s, however, cognitive psychology has increasingly become embodied from a variety of standpoints. This article shows how the results of embodied cognition and spontaneous thought “demystify” many of the attributes Jung described in his archetype theory, making archetype theory not only more comprehensible but clinically applicable. Combining approaches suggests new avenues of inquiry for experimental research and enriches the psychoanalytic perspective.
Pseudoreality and Technology: Smartphone-Related Factors Impacting Mental Health
Authors: Campbell Christopher
Published: September 2024

This article explores the intricate relationship between smartphone usage and mental health and the unintended consequences of the rapid integration of this technology into daily life. It explores the ways in which smartphones disrupt opportunities for introspection and self-reflection, decrease engagement in external reality, increase engagement with realities of the virtual world, precipitate ego destabilization, and interfere with sleep and dreaming. The author explores ways in which the split between the real self and the ideal self is impacted by social media. The influence of smartphones on mental health is a complex and evolving issue, demanding ongoing research, understanding, and a heightened awareness of the potentially deleterious consequences of overusing technology in our ever-changing world.
Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) Dependence of Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Araldi Dionéia , Staurengo-Ferrari Larissa , Bogen Oliver , Bonet Ivan J. M. , Green Paul G. , Levine Jon D.
Published: September 2024

We recently demonstrated that transient attenuation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, can both prevent and reverse pain associated with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a severe side effect of cancer chemotherapy, for which treatment options are limited. Given the reduced efficacy of opioid analgesics to treat neuropathic, compared with inflammatory pain, the cross talk between nociceptor TLR4 and mu-opioid receptors (MORs), and that MOR and TLR4 agonists induce hyperalgesic priming (priming), which also occurs in CIPN, we determined, using male rats, whether (1) antisense knockdown of nociceptor MOR attenuates CIPN, (2) and attenuates the priming associated with CIPN, and (3) CIPN also produces opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). We found that intrathecal MOR antisense prevents and reverses hyperalgesia induced by oxaliplatin and paclitaxel, two common clinical chemotherapy agents. Oxaliplatin-induced priming was also markedly attenuated by MOR antisense. Additionally, intradermal morphine, at a dose that does not affect nociceptive threshold in controls, exacerbates mechanical hyperalgesia (OIH) in rats with CIPN, suggesting the presence of OIH. This OIH associated with CIPN is inhibited by interventions that reverse Type II priming [the combination of an inhibitor of Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)], an MOR antagonist, as well as a TLR4 antagonist. Our findings support a role of nociceptor MOR in oxaliplatin-induced pain and priming. We propose that priming and OIH are central to the symptom burden in CIPN, contributing to its chronicity and the limited efficacy of opioid analgesics to treat neuropathic pain.
GluN3A and Excitatory Glycine Receptors in the Adult Hippocampus
Authors: Hurley Emily P. , Mukherjee Bandhan , Fang Lisa Z. , Barnes Jocelyn R. , Barron Jessica C. , Nafar Firoozeh , Hirasawa Michiru , Parsons Matthew P.
Published: September 2024

The GluN3A subunit ofN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) plays an established role in synapse development, but its contribution to neural circuits in the adult brain is less clear. Recent work has demonstrated that in select cell populations, GluN3A assembles with GluN1 to form GluN1/GluN3A receptors that are insensitive to glutamate and instead serve as functional excitatory glycine receptors (eGlyRs). Our understanding of these eGlyRs, and how they contribute to intrinsic excitability and synaptic communication within relevant networks of the developing and the mature brain, is only beginning to be uncovered. Here, using male and female mice, we demonstrate that GluN3A subunits are enriched in the adult ventral hippocampus (VH), where they localize to synaptic and extrasynaptic sites and can assemble as functional eGlyRs on CA1 pyramidal cells. GluN3A expression was barely detectable in the adult dorsal hippocampus (DH). We also observed a high GluN2B content in the adult VH, characterized by slow NMDAR current decay kinetics and a high sensitivity to the GluN2B-containing NMDAR antagonist ifenprodil. Interestingly, the GluN2B enrichment in the adult VH was dependent on GluN3A as GluN3A deletion accelerated NMDAR decay and reduced ifenprodil sensitivity in the VH, suggesting that GluN3A expression can regulate the balance of conventional NMDAR subunit composition at synaptic sites. Lastly, we found that GluN3A knock-out also enhanced both NMDAR-dependent calcium influx and NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation in the VH. Together, these data reveal a novel role for GluN3A and eGlyRs in the control of ventral hippocampal circuits in the mature brain.
THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF DISPLACED AFRICAN SINGLE MOTHERS IN THE AFTERMATH OF FLOODS IN KWAZULU-NATAL
Authors: Ajodhia Santham , Makhanya Thembelihle Brenda
Published: September 2024

In April 2022, heavy rainfall and flooding took place in most areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The floods left a trail of destruction, grief and displacement for the most vulnerable social groups. The condition of African single mothers was of particular concern because of the multiple disadvantages they already face. Based on a qualitative study conducted with 30 displaced single mothers who were purposively selected, the article explores the lived experiences of displaced African single mothers in the aftermath of the KwaZulu-Natal floods. The findings revealed that although temporary shelters were provided for their safety, African single mothers were subjected to various forms of secondary trauma, which aggravated their vulnerability. This suggested a need for psychosocial interventions and a comprehensive emergency plan for single mothers during natural disasters. Based on the strengths perspective, the article recommends intensive social work interventions and strategic resource management amongst community stakeholders and political leaders to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of support. Keywords: displaced, floods, KwaZulu-Natal, natural disasters, single mothers, social work practice
Camera Pose Estimation Using a 3D Gaussian Splatting Radiance Field
Authors:   International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems of the National Academy of Science and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine., SMIRNOV A.O.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Accurate camera pose estimation is crucial for many applications ranging from robotics to virtual and augmented reality. The process of determining agents pose from a set of observations is called odometry. This work focuses on visual odometry, which utilizes only images from camera as the input data. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate an approach for small-scale camera pose estimation using 3D Gaussians as the environment representation. Methods. Given the rise of neural volumetric representations for the environment reconstruction, this work relies on Gaussian Splatting algorithm for high-fidelity volumetric representation. Results. For a trained Gaussian Splatting model and the target image, unseen during training, we estimate its camera pose using differentiable rendering and gradient-based optimization methods. Gradients with respect to camera pose are computed directly from image-space per-pixel loss function via backpropagation. The choice of Gaussian Splatting as representation is particularly appealing because it allows for end-to-end estimation and removes several stages that are common for more classical algorithms. And differentiable rasterization as the image formation algorithm provides real-time performance which facilitates its use in real-world applications. Conclusions. This end-to-end approach greatly simplifies camera pose estimation, avoiding compounding errors that are common for multi-stage algorithms and provides a high-quality camera pose estimation. Keywords: radiance fields, scientific computing, odometry, slam, pose estimation, Gaussian Splatting, differentiable rendering.
Methods of Intellectualisation of Spatial Scene Monitoring Processes
Authors:   International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems of the National Academy of Science and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine., SHEPETUKHA Yu. M. , BONDAR S.O. , HUBSKY Ya.M. , POPOV I.V.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The development of intelligent technologies requires the active use of advanced technologies and innovative approaches for the intellectualization of spatial scene monitoring processes. The relevance of the topic lies in the great need to improve the quality of video content production. In particular, there is interest in the automation and further intellectualization of shooting processes. The use of new methods of intellectualization leads to a reduction of permissible errors when creating a creative video project. Intellectualization of data processing processes from markers, namely the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods, allows to obtain a controlled level of quality with minimal human involvement. Intellectualization of stage production contributes to the creation of exciting and innovative performances that captivate the audience. It allows creating new ways of interacting with the audience and providing them with unique impressions from cultural events. The purpose of the paper is to study the methods of intellectualization of data processing from markers during the use of automatic video cameras in tasks of observing stage action for video-photography. The results. The issue of the interaction of markers with cameras in three-dimensional space, which is completely identical to the built 3D model, is considered. Conclusions. The information technology of spatial monitoring of the scene can increase the efficiency and simplify the use of automatic video cameras in the tasks of monitoring the stage action for video-photo shooting. There is no one universal "best" method, as each algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, the optical flow gradient calculation method may be considered more suitable for use in stage production. The introduction of information technology for spatial scene monitoring based on the optical flow gradient calculation method will improve efficiency and simplify the use of automatic video cameras. The use of surveillance information technology will reduce the burden on the personnel who maintain and manage the filming and are involved in the work. Keywords: intellectualization of data processing processes, intelligent monitoring, automatic video camera, animation, optical flow gradient, computer vision
REGULATION OF THE CHARGING CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE BY CHANGING ITS INITIAL VOLTAGE DURING APERIODIC CHARGING FROM A DC VOLTAGE SOURCE
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Щерба А.А. , Супруновська Н.І. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

An analysis of the transient processes during aperiodic charging of the capacitive energy storage (CES) of the electri-cal discharge installation (EDI) from the source of direct voltage (SDV) of the USDV was carried out under the condition of changing the initial voltage of the CES at the time of the start of charging. The dependences of energy characteristics (dose of energy that powers the capacitor, energy losses and efficiency) on the magnitude and sign (polarity) of the ini-tial voltage CES were obtained. The energetically appropriate CES charge modes were determined. It is substantiated that increasing the initial voltage of the capacitor leads to an increase in the charging efficiency. The analysis of the ratio between the dose of energy that powers the CES during one charge cycle W*C and the energy of losses W*losses showed that the ratio W*C / W*losses increases with a change in the voltage U0C from –USDV to + USDV due to the fact that the energy of losses W*losses decreases faster than the dose of energy that powers the CES. Ref. 11, fig. 3, table.
MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH A PHASEROTOR IN THE MODE OF DYNAMIC BRAKING WITH SELF-EXCITATION
Authors:   National Technical University Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute,  Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shamardina V.M. ,   2 Kyrpychova st., 61002, Zemtsova K.O. ,   National Technical University Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute,  Kharkiv, Ukraine; 2 Kyrpychova st., 61002
Published: September 2024

One of the important challenges of today is to ensure energy efficiency and improve the performance of the most common induction electric drives (IEDs) for production and lifting and handling machines. Increasing the overall control range and stable speed control in AEDs is often ensured by the use of pulse-key or phase-pulse control systems for the speed of rotation of the AD FR, in which the control is carried out in the rectified rotor current circuit. The presence in such schemes of a rotor winding voltage rectifier creates conditions for the use of the dynamic self-excitation braking (DSB) mode. The paper proposes a mathematical model of the AD FR in the DBS mode in the system of coordinate axes (d, q) fixed relative to the rotor, taking into account the saturation characteristics of the magnetic system of the machine. The model was tested by computer simulation using the capabilities of the Simulink Matlab package. The created model is of practical value; in the formation of energy-efficient braking modes of AEPs, it will allow analysing complex electromag-netic transients and reasonably choosing the structure and parameters of their electrical circuits. Ref. 4, fig. 6.
ANALYSIS OF SERVICE QUALITY INDICATORS SUPPLY OF ELECTRIC ENERGY
Authors:   2 Kirpychova Str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine e-mail: financier.ovya@gmail.com, Cherkashyna V.V. , Yakovenko O.V. ,   2 Kirpychova Str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine e-mail: financier.ovya@gmail.com
Published: September 2024

The object of the study is the processes in distribution electric networks and their influence on technical and economic characteristics aimed at achieving the main indicators of reliability, which is characterized by the continuity of electricity supply, namely, indicators of the quality of services: the index of the average duration of long interruptions and the index of the average frequency of long interruptions ( SAIDI, SAIFI), as well as compliance with the guaranteed quality standards of electric energy supply services, which are established by the Resolution of the NCRECP. The problem to be solved is a set of factors aimed at reducing the index of the average duration of long interruptions and the index of the average frequency of long interruptions (SAIDI, SAIFI), taking into account and applying effective measures of stimulating tariff formation (Rab - tariff) aimed at providing quality services to consumers of electric energy in accordance with the guaranteed standards established by the Resolution of the NCRECP. The analysis of the main indicators of the quality of SAIDI and SAIFI services for the period from 01.01.2022 to 03.31.2022 was carried out on the example of the operator of the distribution system JSC "Kharkivoblenergo". The impact of natural and unnatural factors on the formation of these indicators is analyzed, taking into account force majeure circumstances and military aggression on the territory of the Kharkiv region. The changes in the quality indicators of SAIDI and SAIFI services and their compliance with the normative values established by the NCRECP were analyzed. The conducted analysis of SAIDI and SAIFI service quality indicators allows us to state that achieving the target values of electricity supply continuity indicators is a fundamental factor for improving the quality of electricity supply services to consumers. The provision of the necessary guaranteed quality standards for the supply of electric energy to consumers is substantiated taking into account the stimulating tariff formation (Rab - tariff). It is shown that the introduction and development of stimulating tariff formation lays a reliable foundation for a strong and competitive Ukraine on the territory of the European Union and introduces dynamic development for a strong and independent Ukrainian economy. Ref. 19, figure, table.
INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF UKRAINE'S TRANSMISSION NETWORKS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,  Beresteiskyi ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Bohomolova O.S. , Kravchenko D.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,  Beresteiskyi ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

In connection with the projected significant increase in electricity demand by 2030, as well as for the purpose of devel-oping the electricity system and effective interaction of the IPS of Ukraine with the energy systems of the European Un-ion, the article considers the need and feasibility of converting the Ukrainian power grids from 330 kV to 400 kV, com-paring the technical characteristics of grids of different voltage classes in terms of reliability, stability and efficiency of such grids. The paper provides an applied analysis of the efficiency of switching 330 kV rated voltage networks to 400 kV voltage class by the criterion of increasing the capacity of electrical equipment and reducing total power losses in the network. On the example of the Dnipro region of the IPS of Ukraine, the complex of computer programs designed for the design of power grids of power systems " Thesaurus" was used to model and analyze the modes of operation of the power grid at 330 kV and 400 kV. As a result, it was found that an increase in the voltage level will lead to a de-crease in the load of certain line sections by 17 %, while the value of total network losses will decrease by 10.8 %. Ref. 4, fig. 3.
THYRISTOR CONVERTERS WITH ARTIFICIAL SWITCHING
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Golubev V.V. , Gubarevich V.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Zozulev V.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Marunya Yu.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,  Beresteiskyi ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Storozhuk A.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskyi ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

Promising schemes of thyristor converters of alternating and direct voltage with artificial switching are presented. Detailed descriptions of the operation of artificial switching units in transformer and transformer-free, single-phase and three-phase circuits of various functional purposes, comparison of their operational characteristics with circuits with natural switching and multi-zone pulse modulation are given. Ref. 2, fig. 7.
Executive performance and mathematic learning difficulties
Authors: Nunes de Santana Alanny , Roazzi Antonio , Ramos Araujo Melo Monilly
Published: September 2024

Considering the association between Executive Functions (EF) and performance in mathematic, we aimed to analyse the low executive functions – which impact the individual’s personal, social, and educational functioning –, and their associations with this performance and sociodemographic aspects not already explored in students aged 8 to 12 years. One hundred and ten participants were evaluated using the MMSE, Coruja PROMAT, NEUPSILIN-INF, FDT and a Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis indicated that low executive accomplishment influences performance in mathematics, especially considering working memory and cognitive flexibility. The variables gender, family income and parents’ age were not related to the presentation of low EF. In contrast, the sociodemographic aspects of school shift and parents’ education were shown to be related to executive performance, especially among public school students, revealing the importance of attention to these factors.
Comparative analysis of cortical anatomy in male participants with internet gaming disorder or tobacco use disorder: Insights from normative modeling
Authors: Ma Xuefeng , Jiang Anhang , Dai Junhong , Li Shuang , Chen Hongan , Xie Yong , Wang Shizhen , Yang Bo , Wang Lingxiao , Dong Guang-Heng
Published: September 2024

Background

Research on individual differences in brain structural features of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and established addictions such as tobacco use disorder (TUD) is currently limited. This study utilized normative modeling to analyze the cortical thickness (CT) development patterns of male patients with IGD and TUD, aiming to provide further insights into whether IGD qualifies as an addiction.

Methods

Surface-based brain morphometry (SBM) was used to calculate CT from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data of 804 male participants (665 healthy individuals, 68 IGD and 71 TUD). Gaussian process regression was employed to generate normative models of CT development. Deviation maps were produced to depict deviations of IGD and TUD participants from the typical developmental patterns.

Results

Both addiction groups exhibited widespread cortical thinning, particularly in regions such as the bilateral temporal pole and medial orbitofrontal cortex. The TUD group demonstrated a higher degree of individualization and limited spatial overlap compared to the IGD group. Opposite trends in CT changes were observed between the two groups in the bilateral pericalcarine cortex and pars triangularis.

Conclusions

These findings regarding the similarities and differences between IGD and TUD provide support for the idea that IGD shares common features with substance-related addictions and contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying IGD.
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation (osteosarcomatous and chondrosarcomatous differentiation)—A Case Report and Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rao Meenakshi , G Anju , Navriya Shiv Charan , Sureka Binit , Raju Kudunthail Jeena
Published: September 2024

Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs) have a good prognosis and comprise approximately 5–7% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). The sarcomatoid differentiation in RCC is found in around 5–10% of cases; however, in ChRCC, it is much less than in other RCCs and poorly responds to chemotherapeutic agents. A study by de Peralta-Venturina et al. found 9% sarcomatoid differentiation in chromophobe RCC. We present the case of a 58-year-old female with a left abdominal mass diagnosed as ChRCC with the existence of sarcomatous differentiation including osteosarcomatous and chondrosarcomatous, which are of adverse prognosis. Osteosarcoma-like divergent differentiation in RCC is extremely rare, with limited documented cases. It should be carefully considered in evaluating and managing renal masses due to its potential impact on clinical outcomes.