bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale observations of NH3 around Toronto, Canada
Authors: Yamanouchi Shoma , Viatte Camille , Strong Kimberly , Lutsch Erik , Jones Dylan B. A. , Clerbaux Cathy , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Coheur Pierre-Francois
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) is a major source of nitrates in the atmosphere, and a major source of fine particulate matter. As such, there have been increasing efforts to measure the atmospheric abundance of NH3 and its spatial and temporal variability. In this study, long-term measurements of NH3 derived from multiscale datasets are examined. These NH3 datasets include 16 years of total column measurements using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, three years of surface in-situ measurements, and 10 years of total column measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). The datasets were used to quantify NH3 temporal variability over Toronto, Canada. The multiscale datasets were also compared to assess the observational footprint of the FTIR measurements. All three time series showed positive trends in NH3 over Toronto: 3.34 ± 0.46 %/year from 2002 to 2018 in the FTIR columns, 8.88 ± 2.83 %/year from 2013 to 2017 in the surface in-situ data, and 8.38 ± 0.77 %/year from 2008 to 2018 in the IASI columns. To assess the observational footprint of the FTIR NH3 columns, correlations between the datasets were examined. The best correlation between FTIR and IASI was obtained with coincidence criteria of ≤ 25 km and ≤ 20 minutes, with r = 0.73 and a slope of 1.14 ± 0.06. Additionally, FTIR column and in-situ measurements were standardized and correlated. Comparison of 24-day averages and monthly averages resulted in correlation coefficients of r = 0.72 and r = 0.75, respectively, although correlation without resampling to reduce high-frequency variability led to a poorer correlation, with r = 0.39. The GEOS-Chem model, run at 2° × 2.5° resolution, was compared against FTIR and IASI to assess model performance and investigate correlation of observational data and model output, both with local column measurements (FTIR) and measurements on a regional scale (IASI). Comparisons on a regional scale (a domain spanning 35° N to 53° N, and 93.75° W to 63.75° W) resulted in r = 0.57, and thus a coefficient of determination, which is indicative of the predictive capacity of the model, of r2 = 0.33, but comparing a single model grid point against the FTIR resulted in a poorer correlation, with r2 = 0.13, indicating that a finer spatial resolution is needed for modeling NH3.
Machine learning models to replicate large-eddy simulations of air pollutant concentrations along boulevard-type streets
Authors: Lange Moritz , Suominen Henri , Kurppa Mona , Järvi Leena , Oikarinen Emilia , Savvides Rafael , Puolamäki Kai
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Running large-eddy simulations (LES) can be burdensome and computationally too expensive from the application point-of-view for example to support urban planning. In this study, regression models are used to replicate modelled air pollutant concentrations from LES in urban boulevards. We study the performance of regression models and discuss how to detect situations where the models are applied outside their training domain and their outputs cannot be trusted. Regression models from 10 different model families are trained and a cross-validation methodology is used to evaluate their performance and to find the best set of features needed to reproduce the LES outputs. We also test the regression models on an independent testing dataset. Our results suggest that in general, log-linear regression gives the best and most robust performance on new independent data. It clearly outperforms the dummy model which would predict constant concentrations for all locations (mRMSE of 0.76 vs 1.78 of the dummy model). Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to detect concept drift, i.e., situations where the model is applied outside its training domain and a new LES run may be necessary to obtain reliable results. Regression models can be used to replace LES simulations in estimating air pollutant concentrations, unless higher accuracy is needed. In order to have reliable results, it is however important to do the model and feature selection carefully to avoid over-fitting and to use methods to detect the concept drift.
Extracting statistically significant eddy signals from large Lagrangian datasets using wavelet ridge analysis, with application to the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lilly Jonathan M. , Perez-Brunius Paula
Published: August 2020

Abstract. A method for objectively extracting the displacement signals associated with coherent eddies from Lagrangian trajectories is presented, refined, and applied to a large dataset of 3761 surface drifters from the Gulf of Mexico. The method, wavelet ridge analysis, is modified to exclude the possibility of features changing from rotating in the cyclonic sense to rotating in the anticyclonic sense or vice-versa, transitions that would be physically unrealistic for a coherent eddy. A means for formally assessing statistical significance is introduced, addressing the issue of "false positives" arising by chance from an unstructured turbulent background, and opening the door to confident application of the method to very large datasets. Significance is measured in a two-dimensional parameter space by comparison with a stochastic dataset having statistical and spectral properties that match the original, but lacking organized oscillations due to eddies or waves. The application to the Gulf of Mexico reveals massive asymmetries between cyclones and anticyclones, with anticyclones dominating at radii larger than about 50 km, but an unexpectedly rich population of highly nonlinear cyclones dominating at smaller radii. Both the method and the Gulf of Mexico eddy dataset are made freely available to the community for use in future research.
Beyond univariate calibration: verifying spatial structure in ensembles of forecast fields
Authors: Jacobson Josh , Kleiber William , Scheuerer Michael , Bellier Joseph
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Most available verification metrics for ensemble forecasts focus on univariate quantities. That is, they assess whether the ensemble provides an
adequate representation of the forecast uncertainty about the quantity of interest at a particular location and time. For spatially indexed ensemble forecasts, however, it is also important that forecast fields reproduce the spatial structure of the observed field and represent the uncertainty about spatial properties such as the size of the area for which heavy precipitation, high winds, critical fire weather conditions, etc., are
expected. In this article we study the properties of the fraction of threshold exceedance (FTE) histogram, a new diagnostic tool designed for
spatially indexed ensemble forecast fields. Defined as the fraction of grid points where a prescribed threshold is exceeded, the FTE is calculated for the verification field and separately for each ensemble member. It yields a projection of a – possibly high-dimensional – multivariate
quantity onto a univariate quantity that can be studied with standard tools like verification rank histograms. This projection is appealing since it
reflects a spatial property that is intuitive and directly relevant in applications, though it is not obvious whether the FTE is sufficiently
sensitive to misrepresentation of spatial structure in the ensemble. In a comprehensive simulation study we find that departures from uniformity of
the FTE histograms can indeed be related to forecast ensembles with biased spatial variability and that these histograms detect shortcomings in the spatial structure of ensemble forecast fields that are not obvious by eye. For demonstration, FTE histograms are applied in the context of spatially
downscaled ensemble precipitation forecast fields from NOAA's Global Ensemble Forecast System.
Gender, Vulnerability and Everyday Resistance in Immigration Detention: Women’s Experiences of Confinement in a Portuguese Detention Facility
Authors: Esposito Francesca , Matos Raquel , Bosworth Mary
Published: August 2020

This paper examines immigration detention by looking at women’s experiences of confinement in a Portuguese detention facility. The empirical data—comprising participant observations, informal conversations and interviews with detained women—are read through an intersectional lens. This approach illuminates constructions of gender and sexuality in their mutual and contextualised articulation with other power relations (e.g., processes of racialisation and ethnicisation stemming from colonial histories), as well as the reconfiguration of these constructions by women themselves. Doing so also focuses on the intertwinement between power and resistance in daily life in detention. The women we met did not passively accept their situation, but rather struggled to make sense of, navigate and challenge the detention system. To this effect, they deployed multiple forms of agency, which also passed through the rejection, acceptance and reappropriation of hegemonic gendered constructions and their use in strategic ways to negotiate their positions vis-a-vis the system.
O CORO COMO AGENTE TRANSFORMADOR DO ESPAÇO NA ENCENAÇÃO DA ÓPERA ORFEU E EURÍDICE DE GLUCK
Authors: Lautert Alexandre
Published: August 2020

Em 2019, o Núcleo de Ópera da Escola de Música e Belas Artes do Paraná/UNESPAR encenou a ópera Orfeu e Eurídice (1762), de Christoph Willibald Gluck. Este artigo aborda a proposta de encenação e o processo de criação da montagem, que buscou integrar o coro com a cenografia por uma série de ações para a constante transformação do espaço da cena. Retomando aspectos dos antigos coros de teatro grego, onde os integrantes tinham a tripla função de narrar, cantar e dançar, e considerando a dança em sentido amplo, segundo Cláudia Andrade (abrangendo expressão corporal, ações diversas e movimentos em geral), buscou-se que o coro desenvolvesse ações significativas em interação com os objetos cênicos. Ao manipulá-los de diversas formas, o coro atuou como agente transformador do espaço, por vezes, inclusive, se confundindo com a cenografia. Para atingir este resultado, foi necessário desenvolver um trabalho de autoconhecimento e experimentação corporal com os integrantes do coro, a fim de expandir os limites do corpo e as habilidades de cantar e realizar diferentes ações simultaneamente.

Palavras-chave: Coro; Ópera; Cenografia; Movimento; Corpo.
Does the proposed CAP reform allow for a paradigm shift towards a greener policy?
Authors: Rac Ilona , Erjavec Karmen , Erjavec Emil
Published: August 2020

Aim of study: The paper explores whether the legislative proposal for the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2021 and the novelty of comprehensive strategic planning at Member State (MS) level can bring about a greener, more multifunctional policy paradigm. While existing research has explored long-term policy change over the entire decision-making process, this study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of conducting policy analysis at the inception of the legislative procedure.Area of study: The study applies to the European Union.Material and methods: The research employs a qualitative method of policy analysis, using a combination of three theoretical frameworks – social learning, path dependency and intergovernmentalism. Extensive document analysis and in-depth interviews were applied to evaluate the proposed reform and gauge the responses of key interest groups.Main results: The proposal holds potential for a substantial overall greening of the policy but will be strongly dependent on implementation at the MS level; the institutional framework provides space for increased environmental ambition, but does not guarantee it, as the proposed safeguards are too weak.Research highlights: More accountability is required during the formulation and implementation of Strategic Plans. Due to strong elements of path dependency and intergovernmentalism, an overall paradigm shift at EU level is unlikely. Strengthening the role of MSs is weakening the commonality of the policy that guarantees at least minimal environmental standards.
Critical Thinking Skills and Self-Efficiency Beliefs in Preservice Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Doğan İsa , Zorba Erdal , Şahin Musa
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between preservice physical education teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and critical thinking tendencies. For this purpose, our universe constitutes preservice physical education teachers studying at different universities in the 2018-2019 academic year. The research sample consists of 640 preservice teachers in total, 350 males and 290 females. Cities in which the preservice teachers are involved in the research and the universities where they are studying; It consists of 8 provinces: Bartın, Bolu, Çorum, Düzce, Karabük, Kastamonu, Sinop, Zonguldak. Within the scope of the research, “California Critical Thinking Scale (CCTDI)” and “Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale” were used to obtain the data collected from preservice teachers. The data collected for the purpose of the research were analyzed with the SPSS-25 statistical program. Structural equation modeling analyzes were carried out using the data collected from 640 participant groups using the AMOS-25 package program. As a result, students can be directed to earn these trends through activities aimed at gaining critical thinking skills and tendencies by rethinking physical education and sports school programs being implemented in our country. In this regard, university students can be given the opportunity to become highly critical individuals.
The Efficiency of a Behavioral Cognitive Group Counseling Program in Reducing Anger Level and Developing Self Concept Among a Sample of Refugee Female Syrian Students in Jordan
Authors: AL-Daheri Saleh Hassan
Published: August 2020

The study aimed at examining the developing efficiency of behavioral cognitive group counseling program in reducing anger and developing self concept. The sample of the study which consisted of 40 refugee female Syrian students in Jordan was assigned into two groups; experimental (n=20) and control (n=20). The program consists of a set of sessions. Two measures were used; Anger Measure and the Psychological one. Results showed statistical significance of the program. The study came up with some recommendations.
Industrial Policy, Industrialization and Economic Development of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Lee Euna , Mah Jai S.
Published: August 2020

Kyrgyzstan pursued the market-based reform in the process of transition. Based on the literature review and statistical data covering 1990s-2010s, this paper explains economic development and industrialization of Kyrgyzstan in its transition process. The government of Kyrgyzstan promoted several priority sectors including agriculture, mining, energy, garment and agro-processing industry by industrial policy measures. There is little evidence that Kyrgyzstan has a comparative advantage in agriculture. Gold mining is expected to be depleted by 2020s. Kyrgyzstan appears to be competitive in hydroelectricity generation and agro-processing industry. Although the garment industry has led the manufacturing sector, it has been losing the foreign investors’ attention. Therefore, it is necessary for Kyrgyzstan to think of the next stage of economic development with the new industrial-led economic development strategy. The government of Kyrgyzstan may benefit from promoting value-added industries. For such value-added industries to develop, strengthening infrastructure particularly in human capital would be critical.
Progress in Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Critical Review of Literature
Authors: Dimo Peter Masibinyane
Published: August 2020

The majority of countries are battling with a high incidence of organ failure such as the kidneys, heart, lungs, pancreas, and liver. The only solution that can remedy the plight of patients facing the strong likelihood of death as a result of malfunctioning body organs is organ donation and transplantation. The intention of this literature study is to assess progress in organ donation and transplantation. This study has benefitted immeasurably from previous scientific investigations. Four hundred and thirty-one published papers were selected from different accredited journals. The study found that many of the countries that have implemented the opt-in system are struggling to close the gap between the high demand for and the actual availability of life-saving organs due to low rates of registered and committed organ donors. The majority of patients that are contending with end-stage diseases are added to the organ donation waiting lists, but have little hope of receiving life-prolonging organs. Among the factors that deter people from contributing to organ donation and transplantation are a lack of knowledge, the failure to obtain consent from family members or next-of-kin, social attitudes, socio-cultural aspects, and myths. This study recommends urgent measures that could be taken to increase organ transplants in public and private hospitals due to the chronic shortage of organs for transplantation and by introducing the opt-out system of organ donation.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3
Authors: Sun Alyssa
Published: August 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2020.
Financing Power: Impacts of Energy Policies in Changing Regulatory Environments
Authors: May Nils , Neuhoff Karsten
Published: August 2020

Power systems with increasing shares of wind and solar power generation have higher capital costs and lower operational costs than power systems based on fossil fuels. This increases the importance of the financing costs for total system cost. We quantify how renewable energy support policies can affect the financing costs by addressing regulatory risk and facilitating hedging. We use interview data on wind power financing costs from the EU and model how long-term contracts signed between project developers and energy suppliers impact financing costs. Regression analysis of investors’ financing costs and an analytical model of off-takers financing costs reveal that between the support policies, the costs of renewable energy deployment differ by around 30 percent, but can be significantly lower or higher, depending on the financial situation of energy suppliers.
Análise sobre a disposição para implementação da logística reversa no varejo supermercadista
Authors: Braga Junior Sergio Silva , Junqueira Karina Tonelli Silveira Dias , Silva Dirceu Da , Oliveira Sandra Cristina
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The objective of this research was to analyze the willingness to implement reverse logistics in supermarket retail.Methodology: Data were collected on the practice of reverse logistics from 18 supermarkets and using logistic regression to generate a model for evaluating the disposition for such practice.Originality/Relevance: In the literature, there are no studies that suggest a model for implementation and guidance for reverse logistics, since the model proposed in the present study can be applied in other areas of knowledge.Main results: As a result, it was observed that through the variables that define the characteristics of retail, it is not possible to say whether or not a supermarket will implement the reverse logistics process.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The method used can be used to build management and decision models for both industry and retail.Social/management contributions: Based on this research, companies can apply the model for decision making on the feasibility or not of implementing Reverse Logistics.
The effect of EUV modification of WC-Co indexable knives on the tool life during particleboard milling
Authors: Wilkowski Jacek , Barlak Marek , Fiedorowicz Henryk , Bartnik Andrzej , Werner Zbigniew
Published: August 2020

The effect of EUV modification of WC-Co indexable knives on the tool life during particleboard milling. The paper presents the results of lifetime tests of WC-Co composite blades after modification of their flank surfaces using intense pulses of extreme ultraviolet (EUV). Wear tests consisting in milling a three-layer particleboard with constant cutting parameters were carried out on a CNC machining center. A statistically insignificant increase in the lifetime of modified tools was demonstrated, as well as an inversely proportional relationship with the duration of the EUV pulses. The EUV modification increased the coefficient of variation in the lifetime of WC-Co indexable knives.
Digital printing in wood industry
Authors: Pawlak Dariusz , Boruszewski Piotr
Published: August 2020

Digital printing in wood industry. The article presents modern techniques for surface finishing of wood-based panels, including the dynamically developing digital printing technology. The basic technological factors affecting the result of the digital printing process are discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of different types of this technology are presented.
Wood preservation products on the Polish market
Authors: Betlej Izabela
Published: August 2020

Wood preservation products on the Polish market. The paper characterizes the wood protection products on the Polish market that have obtained marketing authorization under national and European registration. Most permits were issued for entities based in Germany (European registration) and Poland (national registration). The range of products is very diverse; however, the most common products on the market are those for protecting wood against Basidiomycetes, blue stain and insects, and technical wood pests.
The influence of screening process parameters on paper properties produced from wastepaper
Authors: Nikalaichyk Anhelina , Małachowska Edyta
Published: August 2020

The influence of screening process parameters on paper properties produced from wastepaper. Wastepaper processing is of pivotal importance for environmental protection; it is also crucial for the economy and the management of raw materials. Not only does recycling save space at landfills, it also saves an extremely valuable raw material used for paper production, i.e. wood. Unlike primary pulps, however, wastepaper contains much more than just cellulose fibres and fillers. The fact that recycled paper contains many contaminants, such as metal staples, paper clips, plastic film, glass fragments, and others, makes it necessary to develop a much more complex pulp preparation systems compared to the ones used for primary pulps. Contaminants affect not only the usable quality of paper made of wastepaper, but also cause the wear and tear of paper processing equipment. Thus, the purifying and screening of secondary pulps for further processing is very important. Considering the above, the authors’ objective was to study the impact of the width of screen slots on paper properties if produced from screened wastepaper pulp. Paper strength and paper surface properties were used as the main evaluation criteria. White and mixed wastepaper was used as research material. Based on the tests, the screen slot width was found not to have any significant impact on either paper mechanical strength or paper surface properties.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS DISCIPLINARY LIABILITY AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY IN HUNGARY
Authors: TÓTH NIKOLETT ÁGNES
Published: August 2020

Legal liability has various forms, including the various distin-guishable forms of liability related to the world of sport and disciplinary li-ability in sports in particular, which can also be discussed by comparing it with aspects of criminal law and labour law. Disciplinary liability in sports emerges in the case of accountable, delinquent infringement of the related regulations. The burden of production of evidence lies with the sports federa-tion. Every sports federation is authorised to conduct disciplinary proceed-ings against an athlete, sports specialist and sports organisation involved in the competition system of the given sports federation.The disciplinary regulations defi ne what disciplinary offence the athlete, sports specialist or sports organisation is likely to have committed, for theinvestigation of which the proceedings will start. Both the legal standards of the country concerned and the rules of national sports federations include detailed regulations necessary for disciplinary proceedings to be conducted properly. The knowledge of thereof is essential in terms of practical applica-bility, as presented by this study in detail.
RECUPERAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS
Authors: Lana Henrique Avelino , Pimenta Eduardo Goulart
Published: August 2020

Resumo: Busca-se, via Análise Econômica do Direito, identificar, de forma construtiva, sem almejar esgotar o tema, que a atual redação da Lei 11.101/05, no que toca sobre o crédito tributário, contribui para a sua ineficiência. A metodologia a ser utilizada é de método dedutivo, mediante abordagem explicativa e descritiva, com pesquisa jurisprudencial e bibliográfica, nacional e estrangeira, toda ela especializada no cerne do tema. O problema específico a ser levantando é saber se seria possível incluir o crédito tributário no plano de recuperação judicial. Para obter-se uma resposta que seja técnica, prática e acadêmica, inicialmente, será explicado sobre o tratamento especial dado ao crédito tributário na Lei 11.101/05. Após, será mostrado que o poder e privilégio concedido ao Fisco, frise-se, tal como está, nos termos literais da lei, nos processos de recuperação judicial, é ineficiente e, que, as condições de parcelamento que vigoraram por muitos anos também não eram eficientes. No mesmo sentido, serão expostos os motivos que denotam que a legislação atual não cria incentivos positivos ao contribuinte a aderir tal parcelamento. Ao final, como hipótese de resposta, serão também abordados os motivos que fazem com que, em nosso ordenamento seja impossível, legalmente, operacionalmente e constitucionalmente, a inclusão no plano de recuperação dos créditos tributários, haja vista o alto custo de transação.
O DÉFICIT DEMOCRÁTICO DA REGULAÇÃO NOS MECANISMOS DE GESTÃO COMPARTILHADA DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS BRASILEIRA
Authors: Ferraço André Augusto Giuriatto
Published: August 2020

O artigo investiga a existência de um suposto déficit democrático nos instrumentos de participação do setor hídrico, a partir da análise dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica como mecanismos idealizados pela Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos para assegurar a participação e a gestão compartilhada dos recursos hídricos. A pesquisa se utiliza do estudo de casos amostrais, de modo exemplificativo, em situações de conflito de interesses, de modo que se torna possível analisar a gestão compartilhada do recurso desde os Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica até a agência reguladora, tendo como marco teórico o estudo de Marçal Justen Filho quanto ao déficit democrático da regulação no contexto da regulação publicamente interessada, a partir do qual, propõe-se a sistematização de critérios analíticos para verificabilidade do referido déficit. Como resultados, tem-se que o déficit democrático externo na regulação hídrica é suprido pela atuação dos entes que compõem Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos, em especial pela atuação da Agência Nacional de Águas e pelos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica. Quanto ao déficit democrático interno, o estudo dos casos demonstra que, em determinadas situações, pode haver um descompasso entre os interesses dos entes que compõem o referido sistema nacional, o que conduz a uma fragmentação da bacia hidrográfica em razão de interesses sobrepostos, ocasião em que se verifica a prevalência da legitimação democrática pelo procedimento.
O DIREITO PROCESSUAL DO TRABALHO PÓS-REFORMA TRABALHISTA E A DESCONSTRUÇÃO DO PRINCÍPIO PROTETIVO
Authors: Oliveira Murilo Carvalho Sampaio
Published: August 2020

Este artigo aborda criticamente o princípio da proteção no campo do Direito Processual do Trabalho, inclusive com os efeitos da reforma trabalhista da Lei 13.467/2017. A metodologia foi analítica a partir da revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e julgados atualizados. Descreve a dimensão e as regras do princípio protetivo no Direito do Trabalho e sua incidência consectária no Direito Processual do Trabalho, tendo em vista que o direito processual funciona como instrumento de realização do direito material. Aponta que a primeira manifestação do princípio protetivo é na questão do direito intertemporal sobre a aplicação da Lei 13.467/2017. Examina as novas regras processuais da CLT, apontando conclusões sobre as incompatibilidades da reforma trabalhista em face do princípio tutelar.
Prediction of Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate in the Counties of Fars Province, Iran: An Application of Small Area Estimation
Authors: Sefidkar Reyhane , Kavousi Amir , Torabi Mahmoud , Hosseini Seyyed Vahid , Alaii Hojat
Published: August 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Socio-economic status is one of the most important related factors with CRC. Objectives: In this study, we used the human development index (HDI) as one of the common measures of socio-economic status to predict the incidence rate of CRC in the counties of Fars Province in Iran. Methods: In this ecological study, we used the medical records of 108 patients with CRC from Fars province, who referred to Shahid Faghihi Hospital in Shiraz from January 2011 to March 2013. Since sample sizes were not efficient in all the counties, we used the log-normal model within small area estimation framework to have a reliable prediction for the incidence rate in each county. As using related auxiliary variables is necessary in small area models, we considered the HDI of counties as an auxiliary variable. Results: The findings showed that there was a significant direct relationship between HDI and CRC incidence rate. Furthermore, the highest predicted rates were observed in the northern and eastern parts of the province. Conclusions: In order to compensate the deﬁciency of sample size in some of the counties, we used a small area model to predict the CRC incidence rate. The highest incidence rates mostly occurred in the counties with the highest HDI. It is observed that the counties with higher incidence rates are closer to more industrial provinces and the counties with lower incidence rates are closer to less industrial provinces. So, it seems that development disparities strongly affected the incidence rates.
Literature and Medicine: Clinical Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Contemporary Iranian Fictions
Authors: Mahmoudi Masoumeh , Pourasghar Mehdi , Alaedini Kamaledin
Published: August 2020

Background: Some studies indicated that the study of stories in which physical or mental illnesses are described helps to better understand the patient and his/her sickness; but unfortunately, this approach is neglected in the Persian literature. Paying attention to this issue can increase the attractiveness of studying such literary works for the Iranian and non-Iranian audience and can grant new sights to readers, as well. Objectives: This research is conducted to describe and explain the symptoms of the PTSD in the characters of modern Persian fiction, based on the clinical symptoms. Methods: This is qualitative research. Seven characters from the seven stories were selected purposefully to fit the researcher’s goals. Then, they were analyzed according to the DSM-5 criteria. Results: The results indicated that the selected stories represent individuals with PTSD consistent with the clinical criteria for the diagnostic of the disorder. In these stories, the authors, in addition to describing clinical symptoms, have considered inheritance, gender, and cultural factors to create characters in accordance with the specifications of the people who have been damaged in the real world. Conclusions: Reading these stories can be useful due to applying descriptions based on clinical criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder (PTSD), and thanks to the use of literary language in representing the victim’s inner and spiritual status, are useful in creating an engagement resulting from a proper understanding of the person who is suffering from such disorder.
Surgical Site Infection in a 1000-Bed Tertiary-Care Teaching Hospital in New Delhi, India
Authors: Khan Inam Danish , Yadav Akanksha , Kapoor Umesh , Joshi Ishitta , Pandey Rahul , Naik Ananta Kumar , Prakash Jyoti , Chowdhury Abhimannyu , Brijwal Megha , Gonimadatala Geetanjali , Bhuttay Nehal , Makkar Anuradha
Published: August 2020

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) includes infections occurring after 48 hours of any surgery and accounts for most of the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in surgical centers. Surgical site infections can result in pain, discomfort, prolonged hospital stay, increased exposure to antimicrobials, and consequentially, increased healthcare costs. Objectives: The study intended to characterize the incidence, etiology, and emerging resistance of SSI in a 1000-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in New Delhi. Methods: The ambispective study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in New Delhi. Clinical, laboratory, and environmental surveillance and screening of health care providers (HCPs) were conducted using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions and methods given by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: With 3,541 patients admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward and General Surgical Ward of the hospital, the total episodes of SSI were 80 (2.26%). The mean rates of superficial, deep, and organ space SSI were 46.25%, 47.5%, and 6.25%, respectively. The most common organisms isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii (23.75%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.5%), Escherichia coli (15%), and Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%). Conclusions: The rate of SSI in our study was comparable to the unadjusted rates in India, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income countries worldwide. Patients with pre-existing medical illness, prolonged operation time, and wound contamination are strongly predisposed to surgical site infection.
Expandir, repetir, conservar: a sexualidade sob o Eros freudiano
Authors: Vargas Fábio Moreira
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo deseja evidenciar que, ainda que a libido e a sexualidade tenham sido incluídas no conceito de Eros a partir de Além do princípio do prazer, a sexualidade no interior no pensamento freudiana não perdeu seu caráter disruptivo e não deixou de ser considerada como causa de profundas perturbações para a vida psíquica humana. Para tal, serão reconstruídos os argumentos sobre a natureza conservadora das pulsões e se procurará propor a ideia de que os conceitos de expansão, repetição e conservação, intimamente associados à dinâmica pulsional, não podem ser vistos como elementos que teriam retirado à sexualidade sua natureza disruptiva e conflitiva no interior da obra freudiana.
A crise tecnocientífica: reflexões filosóficas sobre a pandemia
Authors: Szczepanik Gilmar Evandro
Published: August 2020

O texto expressa uma investigação filosófica sobre a pandemia provocada pelo coronavírus.  Primeiramente, realizamos a caracterização e a contextualização da crise tecnocientífica. Em seguida, verificamos que muitos dos problemas teóricos problemas enfrentados pelos pesquisadores que lidam com questões associadas à pandemia já foram identificados e abordados por diferentes filósofos da ciência, demonstrando que a filosofia também pode ajudar na compreensão adequada da pandemia. Depois disso, o texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre a pandemia a partir da filosofia da tecnologia, demonstrando as valiosas contribuições que essa área pode oferecer para a resolução dos problemas complexos das mais variadas naturezas. Em síntese, trata-se de um ensaio filosófico em defesa da ciência e da tecnologia.
Para além da pulsão de morte: absurdo e revolta em Albert Camus
Authors: Costa Thaís Cristina Alves , Barbosa Evandro
Published: August 2020

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a possibilidade de uma morte feliz, e consequentemente, uma vida feliz a partir da interpretação dos pilares filosóficos de Albert Camus, a saber: o absurdo e a revolta. Enquanto o absurdo diz respeito ao confronto da irracionalidade do mundo com o desejo de clareza e racionalidade que se encontra no homem, a revolta está vinculada ao desejo inconsciente de uma moral que denominamos de moral antiteísta ou moral de atitude por mover-se consciente no âmbito das ações concretas, nascidas do sentimento da absurdidade do mundo frente à morte e o sofrimento. Testaremos, ao final, a viabilidade dessa moral antiteísta promover uma morte feliz para quem sofre e uma vida feliz, apesar de todo sofrimento, para aquele que se depara com a morte do outro.  Para isso, utilizaremos como fios condutores as obras de Albert Camus: O Mito de Sísifo e A peste.
Pulsão de vida no "Projeto para uma psicologia científica": uma releitura de Freud à luz de Loewald
Authors: Costa Virginia Helena Ferreira da
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma releitura do Projeto para uma psicologia científica de Freud a partir não só do conceito de pulsão de morte, mas principalmente de pulsão de vida. Para tanto, iremos nos ater a uma interpretação do psicanalista Hans Loewald sobre a concepção de pulsão de vida, principalmente no que se refere à relação entre Eros, desenvolvimento cognitivo e ao papel da mãe na inserção do bebê na moralidade e na realidade no período pré-edípico. A pulsão de vida seria concebida ainda como outro princípio do prazer possível, para além do de constância. Em última instância, a possibilidade de leitura que delineia a presença da pulsão de vida no Projeto vinculada à função materna segue em complemento à releitura feminista da psicanálise freudiana empreendida por Joel Whitebook em seus trabalhos mais recentes, também largamente baseados na teoria de Loewald.
O conceito freudiano de pulsão e o estatuto epistemológico da psicanálise: o olhar de Heidegger e de Ricoeur
Authors: Ribeiro Caroline Vasconcelos
Published: August 2020

Com esse artigo pretendemos examinar duas posições distintas em relação ao conceito metapsicológico de pulsão e à identidade epistemológica da psicanálise. Ao investigar as bases ontológicas da metapsicologia, o filósofo Martin Heidegger encaixa a psicanálise freudiana no rol das ciências da natureza. Para Heidegger, ao usar o conceito de pulsão para descrever as nossas urgências e ímpetos, Freud estaria usando um constructo teórico carregado de uma objetividade não-humana. Ricoeur, por sua vez, advoga que o conceito de pulsão teria o poder de sintetizar os elementos de força e de sentido presentes na teoria freudiana. Apesar de funcionar como uma força que faz o aparelho psíquico trabalhar, essa força pulsional nunca seria “nua”, desprovida de uma representação psíquica que lhe conferiria sentido. Por isso, o conceito de pulsão afinaria a psicanálise com a hermenêutica. Nosso objetivo consiste em analisar os fundamentos que guiam tais posições.
As neuroses traumáticas e o modelo da dor física em “Além do princípio do prazer”: relações entre trauma e narcisismo no segundo dualismo pulsional freudiano
Authors: Bocchi Josiane Cristina
Published: August 2020

Este artigo discute as implicações do segundo dualismo pulsional freudiano para a economia narcísica e o conceito de trauma, fenômenos que despontam no corpo teórico da segunda tópica psíquica. Discute-se o modelo econômico da dor física e sua retomada em Além do princípio do prazer, como um marco renovado para a teoria do trauma e sua relação com a fixação em formas de sofrimento psíquico e de adoecimento. Conclui-se que um desenvolvimento teórico sobre a dor e sua relação com o masoquismo erógeno e moral são contribuições para elucidar o retorno de formações narcísicas sobre o Eu.
Microleakage Assessment of Resin Infiltration Combined Restoration in Artificial Decalcified-Cavitated Lesion
Authors: Jang Eunjeong , Park Soyoung , Shin Jonghyun , Kim Shin , Jeong Taesung
Published: August 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the restoration combined with resin infiltration (RI) of early cavitated smooth surface caries lesion in terms of microleakage. Flowable resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) were compared.Sound 20 extracted 3rd molars were divided into 2 groups randomly. Artificial decalcified lesion was induced. Cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces, and randomly set as experimental and control group. RI was applied to the experimental group before cavity restoration. The control group was restored without RI. In group I and II, flowable resin and RMGIC was used for restoration respectively. After thermocycling and silver nitrate immersion, microleakage was assessed by μ-CT.Depth of microleakage was lower in experimental group than control group only in group II (p = 0.05). Microleakage depth was lower in group II than group I in both experimental and control groups (p = 0.05).RI pretreatment before restoration of early cavitated caries lesions might reduce the microleakage and help long-term maintenance of restoration. In this study, RMGIC was less polymerization shrinkage. Restoration with RMGIC after RI pretreatment reduced the microleakage of the restoration compared to the flowable resin.
Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Remineralization in Artificially Induced Enamel Caries: An in vitro Study
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Lee Sangho , Lee Nanyoung , Jih Myeongkwan
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the remineralization effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on artificially induced enamel caries.The present study standardized the physiochemical characteristics of the tooth structure using bovine teeth, realized the wash-off action of agents using a saliva, reproduced an environment similar to mouth through pH-cycling, and comparatively assessed the remineralization effect of 38% SDF and 5% NaF varnish in a non-destructive method using micro-CT. And the remineralized enamel surface structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS).In both SDF and NaF varnish, mineral density (△Hounsfield unit value) and the volume of enamel restored to normal mineral density through remineralization gradually increased with time. And the SDF showed a much higher level of increase in mineral density at all depths and remineralized volume than NaF varnish.According to SEM analysis, the surface roughness decreased in the order of artificial saliva, NaF varnish and SDF. In addition, EDS analysis showed that silver ion was precipitated on the enamel surface in SDF group.In conclusion, SDF had a greater remineralization effect than NaF varnish on demineralized enamel.
Los victimarios en el cine documental. Una posible taxonomía
Authors: Zylberman Lior
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo se enmarca en una investigación sobre la representación de los genocidios en el cine documental. En esta instancia se indagará en torno a cómo son presentados los perpetradores en la pantalla, teniendo este artículo como objetivo desplegar una taxonomía de las representaciones de los victimarios en el cine documental. Para ello, luego de exponer algunos posibles debates en torno al tema, se pensará el problema alrededor de formas y modalidades de representación del victimario en el cine documental. Se sugerirá así dos grandes formas discursivas ?visual y verbal? y cuatro modalidades de representación ?“Archivo”, “Evocativa”, “Declarativa” y “Participativa”? siendo la combinación de ambas lo que permitirá analizar las diversas estrategias de representación de este actor en el cine documental.
De la perversión a la perpetración: Génesis, Sade, Pasolini y Rau
Authors: Monsell Corts Juanjo
Published: August 2020

En el presente artículo pretende realizarse una exploración de carácter ontogénico para lograr desentrañar todos los significados que ha adquirido el mito de Sodoma en las reescrituras posteriores de carácter ficcional y la relación que este guarda con la construcción de personajes literarios y cinematográficos caracterizados como perpetradores de violencia de masas y con espacios históricos de perpetración como los Konzentrationslager. El punto de partida del análisis es el pasaje bíblico de la destrucción de la ciudad de Sodoma y el punto final es la obra de Milo Rau Die 120 Tage von Sodom (2017), producida a partir de la obra narrativa del Marqués de Sade Les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome (1785) y de la película de Pier Paolo Pasolini Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (1975), obras que surgen en momentos históricos determinados y son utilizadas para ejemplificar de manera metáforica algunos de los acontecimientos que tienen lugar en estos.
Héroes y criminales: sobre la construcción social heroica de los criminales de guerra croatas
Authors: Ljubojević Ana , Židek Nikolina
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo es un estudio de tres casos emblemáticos de militares croatas juzgados por crímenes de guerra durante diecisiete años (2001-2018) cuando se hizo efectiva la cooperación de Croacia con el TPIY y empezaron los juicios ante tribunales locales. Dichos casos indican el efecto de las sentencias judiciales en la memoria colectiva, la evolución social de la figura del perpetrador y el proceso de la consolidación la narrativa dominante que rodea a los croatas acusados y/o condenados por crímenes de guerra. Se analiza la producción social de la memoria en dos dimensiones: 1) la oficial ?el lugar de los perpetradores en la narrativa histórica?; y 2) la pública ?las reacciones de la sociedad y la cobertura mediática. También, donde procede, se da la dimensión individual ?la representación de la figura de los perpetradores mismos. Ya que los juicios por crímenes de guerra ponen en foco la figura del perpetrador, en el caso croata entran en tensión con la memoria social que gira en torno a las víctimas y la defensa victoriosa del país. El efecto de dicha tensión y conflicto tiene como resultado una memoria negadora y la heroización de los perpetradores.
The Terror of Evidence
Authors: Steinweg Marcus
Published: August 2020

Meditations, maxims, aphorisms, notes, and comments address topics that range from pathos and genius to careerism and club sandwiches.

Marcus Steinweg's capacity to implicate the other is beautiful, bright, precise, and logical, grounded in everyday questions, which to him are always big questions.

—from the foreword by Thomas Hirschhorn

The houses of philosophy need not be palaces.

—Marcus Steinweg, “House,” The Terror of Evidence

This is the first book by the prolific German philosopher Marcus Steinweg to be available in English translation. The Terror of Evidence offers meditations, maxims, aphorisms, notes, and comments—191 texts ranging in length from three words to three pages—the deceptive simplicity of which challenges the reader to think. “Thinking means getting lost again and again,” Steinweg observes. Reality is the ever-broken promise of consistency; “the terror of evidence” arises from the inconsistency before our eyes. Thinking is a means of coping with that inconsistency.

Steinweg is known for his collaborations with Thomas Hirschhorn and the lectures and texts he has provided for many of Hirschhorn's projects. This translation of The Terror of Evidence includes a foreword by Hirschhorn written especially for the MIT Press edition.

The subjects of these short texts vary widely. (“The table of contents is in itself excessive and ambitious,” writes Hirschhorn.) They include pathos, passivity, genius, resentment, love, horror, catastrophe, and racism. And club sandwiches (specifically, Foucault's love for this American specialty), blow jobs, and dance. Also: “Two Kinds of Obscurantism,” “Putting Words in Spinoza's Mouth,” “Note on Rorty,” and “Doubting Doubt.” The Terror of Evidence can be considered a guidebook to thinking: the daily journey of exploration, the incessant questioning of reality that Steinweg sees as the task of philosophy.