The Correlation between Residential Density and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Surabaya City
Authors: Setiawan Rulli Pratiwi , Umilia Ema , Martha Erli Handayeni Ketut Dewi 
Published: March 2016

<span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Population growth is happening in cities, including Surabaya as the second largest <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">metropolitan region in Indonesia. The population growth has an impact to the residential <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">density, whereas residential is usually the largest part of land use in urban areas. In <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">urabaya, residential use covers more than 60% of the total area. The intensive use of <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">residential area has impacts on the environment. One significant issue is the consumption of <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">energy that produces greenhouse gas emissions. This study is aimed at explaining the <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">relationships between residential density and greenhouse gas emissions in Surabaya City, <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Indonesia. The residential density will be divided into three categories, i.e. low, medium and <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">high density. The category of density is taken from the Identification Report of Surabaya <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Spatial Plan. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in the <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">electrical energy consumption for the household sector in each residential density. These <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">differences are mainly influenced by variables such as car ownership, ventilation system, the <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">use of electrical power, cooking fuel and the way to use the home appliances. The highest <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">total energy consumption per month exists in high density type. Although the average <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">smallest energy consumption per household exists in medium density, the total energy <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">consumption in medium density is much greater than that in the low density because the <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">number of households in medium density is greater. The final result shows that the <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">correlation between the total production of GHG emissions (CO2) and density has a direct or <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">positive relationship, which means that the greater the density, the higher the production <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">rate of GHG emissions (CO2).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span>