bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Dietary Intakes and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amini Shirin , Sheykhon Ayla Alizadeh , Abiri Behnaz , Jafarirad Sima
Published: August 2023

Background:

The loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy is known as
spontaneous abortion (SA).

Objective:

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the results of previous studies about the dietary
intake of mothers who suffered from SA.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive search in the Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed,
ProQuest, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus databases to collect relevant published
studies between 1990 and November 2022. The data from case-control and cohort studies that had
assessed dietary intakes before and during pregnancy of women with SA were included.

Results:

High consumption of butter increases the risk of SA, but a very low intake of olive oil and
omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the risk of SA. In addition, an adequate intake of high-quality proteins
and calcium from dairy products and enough intake of fiber and phytochemicals from
chocolate, fresh fruits, and vegetables can reduce the risk of SA. A number of mechanisms, such as
providing essential nutrients for fertilization and implantation, promoting fetal growth, reduction of
inflammatory conditions, and insulin resistance, have been proposed to explain the protective
effects of these food groups against SA.

Conclusion:

An unhealthy diet and eating sufficient amounts of these food groups will be helpful
and recommended.
Antibacterial Evaluation of Gallic Acid and its Derivatives against a Panel
of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Abdella Mohamed , Lahiri Chandrajit , Abdullah Iskandar , Anwar Ayaz
Published: August 2023

Background:

Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of deaths worldwide. Pathogenic
bacteria have been developing tremendous resistance against antibiotics which has placed an
additional burden on healthcare systems. Gallic acid belongs to a naturally occurring phenolic class
of compounds and is known to possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities.

Aims < Objectives:

In this study, we synthesized thirteen derivatives of gallic acid and evaluated
their antibacterial potential against seven multi-drug resistant bacteria, as well as cytotoxic effects
against human embryonic kidney cell line in vitro..

Methods:

13 compounds were successfully synthesized with moderate to good yield and evaluated.
Synthesized derivatives were characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass
spectrometry, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was determined
using microdilution while cytotoxicyt was assessed using MTT assay.

Results:

The results of antibacterial assay showed that seven out of thirteen compounds exhibited
antibacterial effects with compound 6 and 13 being most potent against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC
56 μg/mL) and Salmonella enterica (MIC 475 μg/mL) respectively. On the other hand, most of these
compounds showed lower cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293), with IC50
values ranging from over 700 μg/mL

Conclusion:

Notably, compound 13 was found to be non-toxic at concentrations as high as 5000
μg/mL. These findings suggest that the present synthetic derivatives of gallic acid hold potential for
further studies in the development of potent antibacterial agents.
Protective Effect of Heteroxenia fuscescens Extract against Sodium
Arsenite-induced Infertility in Male Rats
Authors: Omar Amel , Soliman Basma , Dakrory Ahmed , Al-Hammady Montaser , Mohamed Ayman
Published: August 2023

Background:

Arsenic is a potent environmental toxin with dangerous effects on human
and animal populations. Heteroxenia fuscescens (H. fuscescens) extract exhibits potential health
effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effect of H. fuscescensextract against
sodium arsenite-induced infertility and toxicity in rats.

Methods:

Forty male rats were separated into four groups as follows: control group (2% DMSO,
orally), sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg, orally), sodium arsenite + H. fuscescens extract (60 mg/kg in
2% DMSO), and H. fuscescens extract (60 mg/kg in 2% DMSO).

Results:

GC/MS analysis of H. fuscescens indicates the presence of 10 compounds at retention
times of 6.00, 12.53, 19.04, 24.60, 28.56, 35.66, 38.99, 45.29, 48.02, and 52.14. fuscescens extract
improves levels of sperm count (53.33 ± 1.52), motility (43.00 ± 1.10), FSH ( 2.17 ± 0.04), LH
(2.43 ± 0.06), testosterone (1.87 ± 0.02), and testis weight (0.49 ± 0.01). The antioxidant activity of
H. fuscescens extract was reported by a significant decrease in MDA (1.02 ± 0.01) and NO (520.39
± 14.99) levels, while it significantly increased levels of GSH (1.77 ± 0.07), and CAT (71.38 ±
3.45). Histopathological alterations of the testes, liver, and kidney observed with sodium arsenite
have been improved in the treatment group.

Conclusion:

Heteroxenia fuscescens is beneficial in restoring male sex hormone levels, maintaining
a healthy sperm profile, and reducing oxidative stress, all of which lead to an improvement in
male rat fertility.
Banxia Xiexin Decoction Prevents HT22 Cells from High Glucose-induced Neurotoxicity via JNK/SIRT1/Foxo3a Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shi Yinli , Sheng Pei , Guo Ming , Chen Kai , Zhao Yun , Wang Xu , Wu Mianhua , Li Bo
Published: August 2023

Background:

Type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a chronic
complication of diabetes that has gained international attention. The medicinal compound Banxia
Xiexin Decoction (BXXXD) from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown potential in
improving insulin resistance, regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and inhibiting cell
apoptosis through various pathways. However, the specific mechanism of action and medical value
of BXXXD remain unclear.

Methods:

We utilized TCMSP databases to screen the chemical constituents of BXXXD and
identified DCD disease targets through relevant databases. By using Stitch and String databases,
we imported the data into Cytoscape 3.8.0 software to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI)
network and subsequently identified core targets through network topology analysis. The core
targets were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The results were further validated through in
vitro experiments.

Results:

Network pharmacology analysis revealed the screening of 1490 DCD-related targets and
190 agents present in BXXXD. The topological analysis and enrichment analysis conducted using
Cytoscape software identified 34 core targets. Additionally, GO and KEGG pathway analyses
yielded 104 biological targets and 97 pathways, respectively. BXXXD exhibited its potential in
treating DCD by controlling synaptic plasticity and conduction, suppressing apoptosis, reducing
inflammation, and acting as an antioxidant. In a high glucose (HG) environment, the expression of
JNK, Foxo3a, SIRT1, ATG7, Lamp2, and LC3 was downregulated. BXXXD intervention on
HT22 cells potentially involved inhibiting excessive oxidative stress, promoting neuronal autophagy,
and increasing the expression levels of JNK, SIRT1, Foxo3a, ATG7, Lamp2, and LC3. Furthermore,
the neuroprotective effect of BXXXD was partially blocked by SP600125, while quercetin
enhanced the favorable role of BXXXD in the HG environment.

Conclusion:

BXXXD exerts its effects on DCD through multiple components, targets, levels, and
pathways. It modulates the JNK/SIRT1/Foxo3a signaling pathway to mitigate autophagy inhibition
and apoptotic damage in HT22 cells induced by HG. These findings provide valuable perspectives
and concepts for future clinical trials and fundamental research.
WITHDRAWN: Investigation of Iminosugars as Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Inhibitor Design and Optimization,
Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Studies to Explore Potential Inhibitory Effect of 1-deoxynojirmycin Series
Authors: Miglani Vashima , Sharma Parul , Kumar Narula Anudeep
Published: August 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn from the journal Current Computer-Aided Drug Design.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:

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must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Development and Validation of HPLC-UV Method for the Determination
of Levothyroxine in Orodispersible Minitablets for Pediatric Application
Authors: Belen Olivera Camila , Cecilia Henestrosa , Silvina Favier , Cecilia Dobrecky , Sabrina Flor , Silvia Lucangioli
Published: August 2023

Background:

Thyroid hormones play an important role in cognition and brain development.
The determination of the content of levothyroxine, as well as related substances and dissolution test analysis,
should be carried out by methods that are selective and highly sensitive due to the low concentration
used in low dose orodispersible minitablets

Objectives:

This study aims to develop and validate an analytical method by HPLC-UV for the quantification
of levothyroxine and its related substances in pharmaceutical formulations; looking forward to
being this method suitable for a future dissolution test analysis using tandem mass spectrometry detector.

Methods:

A Hypersil GOLD C18 (100 x 2.1 mm, 3 μm) column was used with 25°C column temperature,
5 μL injection volume, 0.3 mL/min flow rate and detection at 225 nm. The mobile phase consisted
of methanol: 0.05% formic acid (55:45). The developed method was validated for specificity, linearity,
precision, accuracy and robustness.

Results:

The method is linear within the range of 2-20 μg mL-1 (R2=0.9982), which makes the method
suitable for the evaluation of levothyroxine in pharmaceuticals formulations. LOQ was 0.17 μg/mL (0.85
ng on column) and LOD 0.05 μg/mL (0.25 ng on column) of LT4. Therefore, in terms of efficiency
(1671), retention factor, k (6.79), Tailing factor, T (1.09) and resolution, Rs (5.11) the chromatographic
method was found to be suitable according to USP 43.

Conclusion:

The HPLC UV method was found to be linear, specific, precise, accurate and robust, therefore
it is suitable for the quality control of levothyroxine in pharmaceutical ODMTs..
Determination of Sufentanil in Human Plasma Using Ultra-high
Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass
Spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS)
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Kim Suin , Shin Dongseong , Shin Kwang-Hee
Published: August 2023

Background:

Sufentanil, an opioid analgesic, is used as an induction agent for general anesthesia
during surgery. Sufentanil is more active than other anesthetics and has a narrow therapeutic range.
Therefore, a precise dosage regimen is necessary when administering sufentanil.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop a bioanalytical method for the determination of sufentanil within
the sensitive concentration range more than that in a previous study utilizing protein precipitation (PP)
and determine the plasma concentration of sufentanil.

Methods:

A method for quantitating sufentanil was developed using ultra–high performance liquid chromatography
coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) and detection by electrospray ionization
(ESI). The internal standard was sufentanil-d5. Chromatographic separation was performed using an
Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). Protein precipitation
(PP) was used for sample preparation, and gradient elution was conducted using a mobile phase
consisting of 1 mL of 2M ammonium acetate in 99% formic acid in 1 L of water or in 1 L of acetonitrile.
The total run time for the analysis was 5 min, and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min.

Results:

Standard curves were linear over ranges of 0.025–30 ng/mL for sufentanil with a correlation
coefficient (r2) greater than 0.9998. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.025 ng/mL. The
intra– and inter–day accuracies were 97.66%–108.8% and 101.25%–103.17%, respectively, and the precision
did not exceed 15% for sufentanil.

Conclusion:

This study developed a validated, simple, sensitive, and convenient UPLC–MS/MS method
for quantifying sufentanil in human plasma. This method was applied to determine sufentanil concentration
in the plasma of patients undergoing surgery. The bioanalytical method using PP showed a sufficiently
sensitive concentration range. This method could be applied to various pharmacokinetic studies of
sufentanil.
Research Progress on Cardiac Tissue Construction of Mesenchymal Stem
Cells for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang Guo-Dong , Ma Da-Shi , Ma Chun-Ye , Bai Yang
Published: August 2023

Heart failure is still the main complication affecting the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction
(AMI), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an effective treatment to replace necrotic myocardium
and improve cardiac functioning. However, the transplant survival rate of MSCs still presents challenges.
In this review, the biological characteristics of MSCs, the progress of mechanism research in the
treatment of myocardial infarction, and the advances in improving the transplant survival rate of MSCs in
the replacement of necrotic myocardial infarction are systematically described. From a basic to advanced
clinical research, MSC transplants have evolved from a pure injection, an exosome injection, the genetic
modification of MSCs prior to injection to the cardiac tissue engineering of MSC patch grafting. This
study shows that MSCs have wide clinical applications in the treatment of AMI, suggesting improved
myocardial tissue creation. A broader clinical application prospect will be explored and developed to
improve the survival rate of MSC transplants and myocardial vascularization.
Shock Isolation of Light Vehicle Suspension by Modified Eye Leaf Spring
Authors: Ashiqur Rahman Muhammad , Ibrahim Md. Sikander , Tonmoy Ahmad Abdullah , Mridha MD. AL-Hasan
Published: August 2023

Background:

Rickshaws are a popular and inexpensive mode of transportation in Bangladesh
for short-distance travel. However, the eye leaf spring in a typical rickshaw suspension system does not
provide adequate shock isolation. The coil spring-damper suspension system is more effective, but is
costly and not affordable for most manufacturers. Thus, the goal is to modify the eye leaf spring to be
inexpensive but a safe and comfortable suspension.

Aim:

The study aimed to modify the material and structure of the leaf spring to limit the stiffness and the
shock energy within a certain range suitable for the rickshaw’s suspension. The focus of the study was on
modifying the spring structure, which could be cost-effective.

Methods:

In this study, flexible bolted joints and EVA sheets have been used to change the spring structure.
The study compared the performance of the modified spring with the typical eye leaf spring.

Results:

The modified eye leaf spring provided improved shock isolation and a more comfortable ride
compared to the typical eye leaf spring. The changes made to the spring, such as the use of flexible bolted
joints and EVA sheets, limited the stiffness and shock energy within a certain range suitable for the rickshaw’s
suspension. The modified spring was also found to be cost-effective.

Conclusion:

The study has demonstrated the feasibility of using a modified eye leaf spring for light vehicle
suspensions, specifically for rickshaws. The modifications made to the spring structure, such as using
flexible bolted joints and EVA sheets, provided improved shock isolation, a more comfortable ride, and
cost-effectiveness. The modified spring offers an inexpensive solution for manufacturers to produce rickshaws
with a safer and more comfortable suspension system.
Review on the Effective Implications of Plant-generated Polyphenols as
Novel Therapeutic Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Adhikari Diptayan , Biswas Jayati , De Bitihotra , Kumar Pathak Bani
Published: August 2023

Various neurodegenerative diseases have become a serious threat to human health all
around the world. The progressive loss of functionality of active neurons causes neurodegenerative
disease. Current research suggests that plant-derived foods, such as fruits and vegetables, are a good
source of natural polyphenols, which can be effective in reducing the risk factors of neurodegenerative
diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease
(HD), etc. These polyphenols exhibit cognitive repair and can reduce the production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) to establish neuroprotection. Various animal models were developed to understand
the neuromodulatory and therapeutic activities of polyphenols for the treatment of AD, PD,
HD, etc. Moreover, polyphenols indirectly modulate the gut microbiome to generate neuroprotection.
Although there is a disadvantage to the low oral bioavailability of these polyphenols, the conjugation
can enhance the efficiency of these compounds with nanoparticles. The present review
gives an outline of plant-generated polyphenols and highlights their effects in the treatment of various
neurodegenerative diseases. As a result, the prevention of aging-related disorders through natural
products certainly shows excellent therapeutic efficiency soon. For this study, various reviews as
well as original research articles from PubMed describing the possible therapeutic effects of dietary
polyphenols to cure neurodegenerative diseases are used.
Neoteric Role of Quercetin in Visual Disorders
Authors: Khil Noor Hassan Sulaiman , Sharma Shaweta , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Alam Md Aftab
Published: August 2023

Flavonoids are a family of secondary metabolites found in plants and fungi that exhibit
strong antioxidant properties and low toxicity, making them potential candidates for medicinal
use. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in various plant-based foods, has gained attention for its numerous
biological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, and antioxidant properties.
The ocular surface research community has recently focused on quercetin’s therapeutic potential
for managing ocular diseases, such as dry eye, keratoconus, corneal inflammation, and neovascularization.
In this paper, we discuss the role of quercetin for ocular disease prevention, highlighting
its fundamental characteristics, common biological properties, and recent applications. By reviewing
the latest research conducted in the last 10 years which was focused on novel herbal formulations
for ocular diseases, we aim to provide insights into the role of quercetin in managing
ocular diseases and offer perspectives on its potential as a therapeutic agent.
Psychopharmacological Treatment of Depression and Anxiety and
their Different Drug Delivery Targets
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Alam Md. Aftab , Kaur Awaneet , Sharma Shaweta , Yadav Shikha
Published: August 2023

General practitioners observe a high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms.
Depressed or anxious patients frequently develop both conditions. The symptoms of both
diseases may be present at the same time. There has been numerous studies on higher levels of
depression, bipolar disorder II, and mixed depression. So, we ended up reviewing different
drug delivery targets. Even at low dosages, antidepressants were better absorbed and were
more effective when given by the nose. In this review, we focused on cutting-edge methods for
intranasal antidepressant delivery vehicles. Consequently, it seems that drugs that are sufficiently
effective, have fewer side effects, and are less expensive. The researchers in this metaanalysis
set out to determine whether or not they have been used successfully in traditional
medicine to treat depression in human or animal studies.
Modified Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm with Deterministic
Weight Modification for Investment Decisions based on Sentiment
Analysis
Authors: Kalaiselvi K. , David Vasantha Kalyani
Published: August 2023

Background:

A significant problem in economics is stock market prediction. Due to the
noise and volatility, however, timely prediction is typically regarded as one of the most difficult
challenges. A sentiment-based stock price prediction that takes investors' emotional trends into
account to overcome these difficulties is essential.

Objective:

This study aims to enhance the ELM's generalization performance and prediction accuracy.

Methods:

This article presents a new sentiment analysis based-stock prediction method using a
modified extreme learning machine (ELM) with deterministic weight modification (DWM) called
S-DELM. First, investor sentiment is used in stock prediction, which can considerably increase the
model's predictive power. Hence, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to classify the user
comments. Second, DWM is applied to optimize the weights and biases of ELM.

Results:

The results of the experiments demonstrate that the S-DELM may not only increase prediction accuracy but also shorten prediction time, and investors' emotional tendencies are proven to
help them achieve the expected results

Conclusion:

The performance of S-DELM is compared with different variants of ELM and some
conventional method
Innovative design methodology with LTO noise prediction capabilities for future supersonic aircraft
Authors: Piccirillo G.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. To bring supersonic flight back to reality, it is crucial to demonstrate that future supersonic aircraft can reduce their environmental impact compared to the past. In line with this effort, the EU-funded MORE&LESS project is reviewing the environmental impact of supersonic aviation, by applying a multidisciplinary holistic framework to help check how enabling technologies of supersonic aircraft, trajectories, and operations comply with environmental requirements. The present study is part of this project and focuses on updating the traditional conceptual design process with methods for estimating the noise generated at airport level by supersonic aircraft. To achieve this, it is necessary to include some basic capability in the design flow, such as modelling for aircraft noise prediction and simulation of take-off and landing procedures. The approach used to consider these two elements is described in this paper. Preliminary results from Concorde-like case study are presented.
Developing a methodology for Co-creation in aviation industry using extended reality technologies
Authors: Santhosh S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In the recent times the concept of Co-creation, involving stakeholders, customers, and partners in the design, development, and delivery of products and services, has gained importance in various industries, including aviation. This PhD research paper presents the concept of co-creation in the aviation sector, focusing on its key elements and the potential of extended reality (XR) technologies as enablers. The paper highlights collaboration, interaction, and user experience as the essential elements of co-creation and discusses existing co-creation platforms and tools. Traditional co-creation platforms have limitations, prompting the proposal to leverage XR technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) as future co-creative platforms. These immersive technologies offer the potential to enhance collaboration, visualization, and engagement in a virtual environment. The study explores how XR tools can aid digital co-creation methods and whether XR systems can induce effective co-creation sessions. In this context, the research develops a multi-user real-time XR environment that fosters collaborative and interactive co-creation aiming to enhance engagement, communication, and idea generation. This paper includes use-case scenarios for adapting such environments in view of investigating the potential of XR tools to improve the quality and novelty of ideas, reduce communication challenges, and decrease time and costs in the aviation industry's co-creation process.
A metamodel based on basis spline hyper-surfaces for thermal simulation of the wire arc additive manufacturing process
Authors: Zani M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Wire arc additive manufacturing an additive manufacturing process that allows producing large metal parts in a layer-by-layer fashion assuring a high deposition rate. However, the set of parameters that control the process leads to phenomena that are difficult to understand and predict. The work of this paper is to propose a metamodel based on basis spline entities to approximate the thermal response of the WAAM process for different combinations of deposition parameters. The aim is to reduce the computational cost, and obtain results without actually solve a complete FE model for any combination of parameters in the design space.
Comparison of predictive techniques for spacecraft shock environment
Authors: Ranieri A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Shock loads are very high amplitude and short duration transient loads. They are produced in space structures by pyrotechnic devices placed in the launchers initiating the stage or fairing separations. While the spacecraft structure is not susceptible to this range of frequencies, electrical units could be seriously damaged during the launch phase. Shock tests are performed on the electrical units to verify if they withstand the transient loads, thus their compliance to the requirements. To understand how the input force evolves from the launcher-spacecraft interface to the equipment of interest, a model of the dynamical behaviour of the spacecraft at high frequencies has to be developed. An initial approach constitutes the implementation of a mathematical model through the use of Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). The results of a 4 degrees of freedom model using SEA will be shown. The model can be further developed by the integration of data-driven techniques. In this work a description of two different approaches is presented, that include model-based and data-driven methods. Finally, a cross-cutting potential solution is briefly introduced; it will combine experimental data with a mathematical model as to convey them in the training database of an Artificial Neural Network algorithm. The hybrid solution will possibly turn out as a reliable and efficient way to break down time and costs of the shock test campaign.
Enabling strategies for safe proximity operations to uncooperative and non-collaborative objects in Low Earth Orbit
Authors: Borelli G.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In-orbit servicing, transportation and removal activities are on the way to revolutionize the space economy and space exploitation. Particularly for the near-Earth environment these activities are considered important in the near- and long-term future to ensure the sustainability of space activities. In this paper one of the many challenges facing this new expanding field is addressed, namely the safe and robust design of proximity operations with non-collaborative and uncooperative objects. Guidance and control methods are developed to improve the safety of various proximity operations phases, starting from the far-range approach at tens of kilometres to closer approach distances of few tens of meters. Furthermore, a guidance and control method of a servicer platform to cope with the uncontrolled tumbling motion of the target object is proposed. Here a contactless control approach exploiting safe relative trajectories and the thruster plume impingement is used to reduce the angular motion of the uncontrolled target.
Mechanical properties of additively manufactured lattice structures through numerical BCC cell characterisation
Authors: Mantegna G.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies have acquired significant attention in the modern industry due to their versatility in creating custom-designed components with complex shapes utilising multiple materials with minimal material waste. Moreover, the full potential of AM technologies relies on creating meta-materials, structured materials with distinctive mechanical properties designed for specific purposes and optimised throughout various regions of the structure. For instance, it is possible to design topology-optimised structures through periodic lattice cells by varying the cell types, dimensions or relative volume fractions [1]. In this way, structures with graded or separate regions can be manufactured in one single manufacturing process, significantly reducing the design-to-production time and allowing a rapid iteration and design optimisation [2]. As previously mentioned, lattice structures are formed by a unit cell properly repeated with an ordered topology to achieve desired mechanical properties. Amongst the different cell types, thanks to its simple configuration and ease of print with AM technologies, the Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) structure is frequently used [3]. Several studies are present in the literature to predict and evaluate the behaviour of this cell type analytically, numerically and by experiments showing its excellent specific mechanical properties [4]–[6]. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of additively manufactured structures, comparing experimental results with numerical simulations conducted using various modelling approaches, including a full 3D model, a simplified 1D and 2D approach, and homogenized models. At first, the mechanical properties of a lattice BCC structure are considered, followed by the investigation of a sandwich structure featuring a lattice core. At this stage, the skins and the core are 3D printed in Polylactic acid PLA; the lattice core structure is composed of BCC unit cells. Finally, the mechanical performances of the AM structures are compared to assess the accuracy and reliability of the different modelling approaches.
Design and challenges of an IOD/IOV 12U Cubesat mission
Authors: Gemignani M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. EXCITE (“EXtended Cubesat for Innovative Technology Experiments”) is a technology demonstration mission selected by ASI in 2021 in the frame of the "Future Cubesat Missions" call. Based on a custom-designed 12U CubeSat platform featuring a full-composite structure, EXCITE is aimed at in-orbit demonstration / in-orbit validation of a number of innovative small spacecraft technologies in the domains of chemical and electric onboard propulsion, thermal management of significant heat loads in limited volumes, COTS GPU computing for IoT applications, and steerable, integrated S-band antennas. In this paper we describe the EXCITE platform design, outline the main expected technological innovations, and discuss the possible methodologies for a multi-disciplinary optimization approach.
Could a remotely operated UAV fleet improve emergency response?
Authors: Avi A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles could reduce risks in emergency response missions. The UAV firefighter team of Provincia autonoma di Trento proposes a new concept of operations. A fleet of drones placed in strategically selected locations and operated from the main headquarters in Trento. The first UAV, with a docking station, was placed on Marmolada glacier for trial.
Exploring Perceptions About Paracetamol, Tramadol, and Codeine on Twitter Using Machine Learning: Quantitative and Qualitative Observational Study
Authors: Carabot Federico , Donat-Vargas Carolina , Santoma-Vilaclara Javier , Ortega Miguel A , García-Montero Cielo , Fraile-Martínez Oscar , Zaragoza Cristina , Monserrat Jorge , Alvarez-Mon Melchor , Alvarez-Mon Miguel Angel
Published: August 2023

Background

Paracetamol, codeine, and tramadol are commonly used to manage mild pain, and their availability without prescription or medical consultation raises concerns about potential opioid addiction.

Objective

This study aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of Twitter users concerning these drugs.

Methods

We analyzed the tweets in English or Spanish mentioning paracetamol, tramadol, or codeine posted between January 2019 and December 2020. Out of 152,056 tweets collected, 49,462 were excluded. The content was categorized using a codebook, distinguishing user types (patients, health care professionals, and institutions), and classifying medical content based on efficacy and adverse effects. Scientific accuracy and nonmedical content themes (commercial, economic, solidarity, and trivialization) were also assessed. A total of 1000 tweets for each drug were manually classified to train, test, and validate machine learning classifiers.

Results

Of classifiable tweets, 42,840 mentioned paracetamol and 42,131 mentioned weak opioids (tramadol or codeine). Patients accounted for 73.10% (60,771/83,129) of the tweets, while health care professionals and institutions received the highest like-tweet and tweet-retweet ratios. Medical content distribution significantly differed for each drug (P<.001). Nonmedical content dominated opioid tweets (23,871/32,307, 73.9%), while paracetamol tweets had a higher prevalence of medical content (33,943/50,822, 66.8%). Among medical content tweets, 80.8% (41,080/50,822) mentioned drug efficacy, with only 6.9% (3501/50,822) describing good or sufficient efficacy. Nonmedical content distribution also varied significantly among the different drugs (P<.001).

Conclusions

Patients seeking relief from pain are highly interested in the effectiveness of drugs rather than potential side effects. Alarming trends include a significant number of tweets trivializing drug use and recreational purposes, along with a lack of awareness regarding side effects. Monitoring conversations related to analgesics on social media is essential due to common illegal web-based sales and purchases without prescriptions.
Long-Term Benefits of an Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Pump System for Emergency Admissions, Hospitalization, and Metabolic Control in a Cohort of People With Diabetes: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: O'Meara Miguel , Mateus Acuña Juan Camilo , Uribe Andrea
Published: August 2023

Background

There is evidence in the literature that the use of sensor-augmented insulin pumps in patients with high-complexity diabetes improves metabolic control. However, there is no long-term information on clinical outcomes such as hospitalization or admission to the emergency room. This study describes outcomes for metabolic control, incidence of hospitalizations, and emergency room visits in a specific population using this technology.

Objective

We aimed to assess long-term glycemic and clinical outcomes after the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients with diabetes previously treated with an intensive insulin regimen at a specialized diabetes treatment center who required a sensor-augmented insulin pump due to nonoptimal glycemic control. Glycated hemoglobin, severe hypoglycemic episodes, nonsevere hypoglycemic episodes, perception of hypoglycemia, and the incidence of emergency room visits and hospitalizations before and after treatment were evaluated.

Results

Between January 2013 and August 2020, 74 patients with a median age of 36 (IQR 27-46) years were included in the study with a median 4 (IQR 2-7) years of follow-up. We found a statistically significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (8.35% vs 7%; P<.001), nonsevere hypoglycemic episodes (71/74, 96% vs 62/74, 84%; P=.01), emergency room visits (42/73, 58% vs 4/62, 6%; P<.001), and hospitalizations (36/72, 50% vs 10/72, 14%; P<.001) after use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Conclusions

The use of a sensor-augmented insulin pump associated with a strict follow-up program for patients with high-complexity diabetes led to a significant and sustained reduction in glycated hemoglobin and hypoglycemic episodes, as well as in the rate of emergency room visits and hospitalizations. These results encourage the adoption of this technology in patients who do not achieve metabolic control with optimal management of diabetes.
Selfie-Related Incidents: Narrative Review and Media Content Analysis
Authors: Cornell Samuel , Brander Robert , Peden Amy
Published: August 2023

Background

Selfie-related injury has become a public health concern amid the near ubiquitous use of smartphones and social media apps. Of particular concern are selfie-related deaths at aquatic locations; areas often frequented because of their photogenic allure. Unfortunately, such places exhibit hazards inherent with their environment.

Objective

This study aimed to ascertain current evidence regarding selfie-related injuries and recommended risk treatment measures in the academic literature as well as how selfie-related injuries and deaths were being reported by the media, allowing us to identify key challenges facing land managers and public health practitioners in mitigating selfie-related injuries and deaths.

Methods

Between October and December 2022, we performed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published since January 2011. Literature was screened to identify causal factors implicated in selfie-related deaths and injuries, as well as risk treatments recommended. Furthermore, we used an environmental scan methodology to search for media reports of selfie-related injuries and deaths at aquatic locations in Australia and the United States. Individual cases of selfie-related aquatic injuries and deaths sourced from news reports were analyzed to assess epidemiological characteristics, and a thematic content analysis was conducted to identify key themes of news reporting on selfie-related deaths and injuries.

Results

In total, 5 peer-reviewed studies were included. Four studies identified falls from height as the most common injury mechanism in selfie incidents. Drowning was the second most common cause of death. Recommended risk treatments were limited but included the adoption of “no selfie zones,” physical barriers, signage, and provision of information on dangerous locations to social media users. In total, 12 cases were identified from media reports (4 injuries and 8 fatalities; 7 in Australia and 5 in the United States). The mean age of the reported victims was 22.1 (SD 6.93) years with victims more likely to be female tourists. Content analysis revealed 3 key themes from media reports: “blame,” “warning,” and “prevention and education.” Few media reports (n=8) provided safety recommendations.

Conclusions

The selfie-related incident phenomenon should be viewed as a public health problem that requires a public health risk communication response. To date, little attention has been paid to averting selfie-related incidents through behavior change methodologies or direct messaging to users, including through social media apps. Although previous research has recommended “no selfie zones,” barriers, and signage as ways to prevent selfie incidents, our results suggest this may not be enough, and it may be prudent to also engage in direct safety messaging to social media users. Media reporting of selfie incidents should focus on preventive messaging rather than blame or warning.
Effective Infodemic Management: A Substantive Article of the Pandemic Accord
Authors: Taguchi Kazuho , Matsoso Precious , Driece Roland , da Silva Nunes Tovar , Soliman Ahmed , Tangcharoensathien Viroj
Published: August 2023

Social media has proven to be valuable for disseminating public health information during pandemics. However, the circulation of misinformation through social media during public health emergencies, such as the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics, has seriously hampered effective responses, leading to negative consequences. Intentionally misleading and deceptive fake news aims to harm organizations and individuals. To effectively respond to misinformation, governments should strengthen the management of an “infodemic,” which involves monitoring the impact of infodemics through social listening, detecting signals of infodemic spread, mitigating the harmful effects of infodemics, and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities. The global spread of misinformation requires multisectoral collaboration, such as researchers identifying leading sources of misinformation and superspreaders, media agencies identifying and debunking misinformation, technology platforms reducing the distribution of false or misleading posts and guiding users to health information from credible sources, and governments disseminating clear public health information in partnership with trusted messengers. Additionally, fact-checking has room for improvement through the use of automated checks. Collaboration between governments and fact-checking agencies should also be strengthened via effective and timely debunking mechanisms. Though the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) has yet to define the term “infodemic,” Article 18 of the INB Bureau’s text, developed for the Pandemic Accord, encompasses a range of actions aimed at enhancing infodemic management. The INB Bureau continues to facilitate evidence-informed discussion for an implementable article on infodemic management.
Correction: Deep Learning With Chest Radiographs for Making Prognoses in Patients With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Hyun Woo , Yang Hyun Jun , Kim Hyungjin , Kim Ue-Hwan , Kim Dong Hyun , Yoon Soon Ho , Ham Soo-Youn , Nam Bo Da , Chae Kum Ju , Lee Dabee , Yoo Jin Young , Bak So Hyeon , Kim Jin Young , Kim Jin Hwan , Kim Ki Beom , Jung Jung Im , Lim Jae-Kwang , Lee Jong Eun , Chung Myung Jin , Lee Young Kyung , Kim Young Seon , Lee Sang Min , Kwon Woocheol , Park Chang Min , Kim Yun-Hyeon , Jeong Yeon Joo , Jin Kwang Nam , Goo Jin Mo
Published: August 2023

UNSTRUCTURED
Mathematical contact tracing models for the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of the literature (Preprint)
Authors: Ocagli Honoria , Brigiari Gloria , Marcolin Erica , Mongillo Michele , Tonon Michele , Da Re Filippo , Gentili Davide , Micheletto Federica , Russo Francesca , Gregori Dario
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Background
Contact tracing (CT) is a primary means of controlling infectious diseases such as Coronavirus disease 2019, especially in the first months of the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This work is a systematic review of mathematical models used during the COVID-19 pandemic that explicitly parameterize CT as potential mitigator of the effects of pandemic.

METHODS

This review is registered in Prospero. A comprehensive literature research was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library through CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened the title/abstract, full text, data extraction, and risk of bias. Disagreements were solved through discussion. Characteristics of the study and mathematical models were collected from each study.

RESULTS

A total of 53 articles out of 2101 were included. The modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic was the main objective of 23 studies; the remaining articles evaluate the forecast transmission of COVID-19. Most studies used compartmental models to simulate COVID-19 transmission (26, 49.1%), while others used agent-based (16, 34%), branching processes (5, 9.4%), or other mathematical models (6). Most studies applying compartmental models consider CT in separate compartments. Quarantine and basic reproduction numbers were also considered in the models. The quality assessment scores ranged from 13 to 26 out of 28.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions
Despite the significant heterogeneity in models and the assumptions on relevant model parameters, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the models proposed to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic, including nonpharmaceutical public health interventions such as CT.

CLINICALTRIAL

Prospero registration: CRD42022359060
Predicting the Transition to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity Among Young Adults With Metabolically Healthy Obesity in South Korea: Nationwide Population-Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee HyunHae , Kim Ji-Su , Shin Hyerine
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Globally, over 39% of individuals are obese. Metabolic syndrome, usually accompanied by obesity, is regarded as a major contributor to noncommunicable diseases. Given this relationship, the concepts of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity, considering metabolic status, have been evolving. Attention is being directed to metabolically healthy people with obesity who have relatively low transition rates to noncommunicable diseases. As obesity rates continue to rise and unhealthy behaviors prevail among young adults, there is a growing need for obesity management that considers these metabolic statuses. A nomogram can be used as an effective tool to predict the risk of transitioning to metabolically unhealthy obesity from a metabolically healthy status.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to identify demographic factors, health behaviors, and 5 metabolic statuses related to the transition from metabolically healthy obesity to unhealthy obesity among people aged between 20 and 44 years and to develop a screening tool to predict this transition.

METHODS

This secondary analysis study used national health data from the National Health Insurance System in South Korea. We analyzed the customized data using SAS (SAS Institute Inc) and conducted logistic regression to identify factors related to the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity. A nomogram was developed to predict the transition using the identified factors.

RESULTS

Among 3,351,989 people, there was a significant association between the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity and general characteristics, health behaviors, and metabolic components. Male participants showed a 1.30 higher odds ratio for transitioning to metabolically unhealthy obesity than female participants, and people in the lowest economic status were also at risk for the transition (odds ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.1). Smoking status, consuming >30 g of alcohol, and insufficient regular exercise were negatively associated with the transition. Each relevant variable was assigned a point value. When the nomogram total points reached 295, the shift from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity had a prediction rate of >50%.

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified key factors for young adults transitioning from healthy to unhealthy obesity, creating a predictive nomogram. This nomogram, including triglycerides, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose, allows easy assessment of obesity risk even for the general population. This tool simplifies predictions amid rising obesity rates and interventions.