bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Design of Thermo-Electrostatic Actuated Microelectromechanical Switch with Low Voltage and Fabrication Efforts
Authors: Mahmoudi Parisa , Mahmoudi Ashkan , Najafiaghdam Esmaeil
Published: December 2011

Requirement of voltage up-converters due to high pull-in voltage is one of the main problems by merely electrostatic actuated Microelectromechanical system-based switches. Thermally actuated switches are another alternatives but with very high power dissipation. In this paper a low voltage switch is demonstrated, which uses a combined thermo-electrostatic actuator. The switch can be integrated with standard CMOS circuits without any up-converters. Thermally power dissipation for the switch is lower than just thermal actuators. The switching time is about 70µs and the maximal temperature of thermal actuator is lower than 150oC which cannot cause any longtime damage. Isolation and Insertion Loss quantities have been calculated to -25dB and -0.65dB at 20GHz from HFSS results respectively.
Clustering and Real-Time Analysis of Robot Controller Based on System on Chip
Authors: He Ji Lin , Yuan Zheng , He Qing Hua
Published: December 2011

Based on the most prosperous System on Chip (SOC) in the field of microelectronics, the open and real-time robot controller was analyzed, the application and development platform was built. By means of representative evaluation index, cohesion and coupling, the modularized design and the open architecture of robot controller were implemented. It is proved that the average distance between the same modules is short, and therefore the system is better cohesive. And the average distance between different modules is long, and therefore less coupled. Consequently, the whole system is excellent in openness. At the same time, the real-time schedule of controller tasks is analyzed from theory and experiment. It is proved that the controller based on SOC is excellent in real-time performance. The experiment showed that SOC-based robot controller is highly modularized, the parameters is clear, the architecture is easily implemented and revised, and therefore is adaptive to different controlling requirement and module building.
Comparisons of Support Vector Regression and Neural Network in Modelling the Hydraulic Damper
Authors: Guo Kong Hui , Wang Xian Yun
Published: December 2011

Nonparametric models of hydraulic damper based on support vector regression (SVR) are developed. Then these models are compared with two kinds neural network models. One is backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model; another is radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) model. Comparisons are carried out both on virtual damper and actual damper. The force-velocity relation of a virtual damper is obtained based on a rheological model. Then these data are used to identify the characteristics of the virtual damper. The dynamometer measurements of an actual displacement-dependent damper are obtained by experiment. And these data are used to identify the characteristics of this actual damper. The comparisons show that BPNN model is best at identifying the characteristics of the virtual damper, but SVR model is best at identifying the characteristics of the actual damper. The reason is that all experimental data include noise more or less. When the amplitude of the noise is smaller than the parameter of SVR, the noise can not affect the construction of the resulting model. So when training a model based on the experimental data, SVR is superior to other neural networks methods.
Dynamic Complexity of E-Commerce Systems Base on Synergy Field
Authors: Lai Di Hui , Hou Xin Hua , Guo Wei
Published: December 2011

Field theory is an important research direction of complexity theory. This research puts forward the theoretical framework of “synergy field”. The quantitative expression of the endogenous disturbance and exogenous disturbance, and the different term responses to the disturbance could be contained in a unified theoretical paradigm. It reveals the process and level of the transformation of E-commerce system and makes judgment and prediction on the status and direction of the system’s transformation according to the quantization description of E-commerce system synergy field. The research of Chinese stock market show that E-commerce system has transformation mechanism, synergy field can effectively describe the transformation complexity characteristics of the E-commerce system.
A Robust Charged Radiation Elusion System
Authors: Mannar Sumedh , Singh Amarjot , Shankar M.Sai
Published: December 2011

The increasing requirement for harnessing nuclear power demands the development of innovative precautionary techniques for protection from radiation. The high energies of the particles emitted have to be moderated before they render damage to any material subjected to them. Besides using simple shielding material, electrostatic shielding by setting up opposing electric fields has been implemented towards charged radiation damping to date. This paper aims at presenting and analyzing a material-efficient protection technique against ionizing radiation by introducing a number of parallel capacitive metal foils in between layers of dielectric shielding material. This is the first paper to present a technique by making use of charged capacitive elements to set neutralization centers for incoming charged radiation in order to minimize the thickness of material used for equivalent radiation shielding. The increase in efficiency of the shielding unit in reducing the net energy of radiation by the introduction of charged capacitive foils is experimentally observed.
Design and Implementation of KASUMI Algorithm in ISMACryp Encryption for Video Content Protection in DVB-H Application
Authors: Joshi Jay M. , Parmar Kiran R. , Dalal Upena D.
Published: December 2011

Three technologies can be used for content protection in DVB-H; IPSec, SRTP and ISMACryp. ISMA Encryption and Authentication is one of the three chosen technologies for service protection in DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld), the TV system for portable handheld devices. This paper deals with modification in ISMACryp. The ISMACryp is encoded with MPEG-4 video and MPEG-4 AAC (advanced audio coding), while leaving all structural data as it is. Two modes of ISMACryp are available; the CTR mode (Counter type) and CBC mode (Cipher Block Chaining) mode. Both modes of ISMACryp is based on 128-bit AES algorithm. AES algorithms are more complex and require larger time with more clock cycles for execution. This paper is being first simulate and implement existing ISMACryp using 128-bit Rijndael algorithm and then modified it with KASUMI algorithm that will be provided lower number of clock pulses with lower execution time. The simulation is done in Matlab and implementation in TMS320C6713 DSP kit.
State Based Functional Observer Design for Linear Uncertain Systems Using Multirate Output Sampling
Authors: Janardhanan S. , Satyanarayana N.
Published: December 2011

In this paper a design of controller has been proposed for linear uncertain systems based on multirate output sampling for the purpose of state feedback and nullification of disturbance effect on system response. If certain conditions are satisfied, construction of proposed functional type controller require less number of output samples than any other method based on fast output sampling. The advantage of proposed method is that it can be extended to unobservable systems and avoids the boundedness constraint on disturbance. A numerical exam- ple demonstrates the procedure, superiority in terms number of required output samplings and application to unobservable systems.
Computationally Efficient Functional Observer for LTI System Based on a Multirate Output Sampling Algorithm
Authors: Janardhanan S. , Inamdar Saurabh
Published: December 2011

This paper proposes a technique for computing a vector linear functional of the system states of a linear time invariant (LTI) system. The concept of multirate output observations has been used to design the observer. The paper also proves that the complete state observability of a system is not a necessary condition for the existence of a functional observer. The proposed technique reduces the computational time and complexity of the hardware and software of the observer system considerably due to static structure of observer as well as involvement of reduced dimension matrices in computation of the functional. The proposed technique has been validated using numerical examples.
The Autotrix: Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Urban Driving System
Authors: Garg Animesh , Toor Anju , Thakkar Sahil , Goel Shiwangi , Maheshwari Sachin , Chand Satish
Published: December 2011

The Autotrix is an interactive, intelligent, Autonomous Guided Vehicle (AGV) designed to serve in urban environments. Autonomous ground vehicle navigation requires the integration of many technologies such as path planning, odometry, control, obstacle avoidance and situational awareness. The objective of this project is for this prototype to navigate autonomously in an urban environment and reach its destination while detecting and avoiding obstacles on the path .This will be achieved by extracting information from multiple sources of real-time data including digital camera, GPS &ultra sonic sensors, collecting data from this extracted information, processing this data and send controlling instructions to our platform (Autotrix). The significance of this work is in presenting the methods needed for real time navigation; GPS based continuous mapping and obstacle avoidance for intelligent autonomous driving systems.
The Sensitive Dynamic Study of Business Investment Decision-Making on Cash Flow
Authors: Piao Zhe Fan , Ni Mei Rong
Published: December 2011

This study bases on investment - cash flow related theories and Euler model, references to the research of Forbes(2003) and Jaewoon Koo(2005), exports investment- cash flow sensitivity and impact factor model , makes 77 of China's listed manufacturing companies as a sample, uses the empirical to analyze (I/K)i,t-1,(S/K)i,t, (CF/K)i,t, and also to analyze whether external financing , corporate nature (whether are state-owned enterprises), the degree of financial market development, the period around the financial crisis, the effect (fi+d)thave an impact on investment - cash flow. The empirical results show that although China's listed companies as a whole show a strong investment - cash flow sensitivity, this phenomenon is not just caused by financing constraints, trade-off theory or agency problems, but by the type of the company.
Design of an Accelerometer-Controlled Myoelectric Human Computer Interface
Authors: Lalitha Anusha , Thakor Nitish V.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop an alternate in-air input device which is intended to make interaction with computers easier for amputees. This paper proposes the design and utility of accelerometer controlled Myoelectric Human Computer Interface (HCI). This device can function as a PC mouse. The two dimensional position control of the mouse cursor is done by an accelerometer-based method. The left click and right click and other extra functions of this device are controlled by the Electromyographic (EMG) signals. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are used to decode the intended movements during run-time. ANN is a pattern recognition based classification. An amputee can control it using phantom wrist gestures or finger movements.
Programmable AC Current Source Using Mixed Signal Microcontroller for Reliable and Low Cost Soil Conductivity Sensor
Authors: Bansod Babankumar S. , Bansal Kunal , Hirani Priyank V. , Thakur Ritula
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a digitally programmable AC current source is introduced. The proposed scheme provides the ability of digitally setting the output current frequency and amplitude. The realization method, based on commercially available devices, employs digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and voltage controlled current source (VCCS). The proposed circuit offering high accuracy and linearity is suitable for measuring soil conductivity. Experimental results showing the circuit performances are also included. The developed source provides acceptable precision i.e. absolute percentage error of 3%. The covered conductivity range indicates the importance of such a low cost and reliable source.
Exploring DRAM Last Level Cache for 3D Network-on-Chip Architecture
Authors: Xu Thomas Can Hao , Liljeberg Pasi , Tenhunen Hannu
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we implement and analyze different Network-on-Chip (NoC) designs with Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Last Level Cache (LLC) and Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) LLC. Different 2D/3D NoCs with SRAM/DRAM are modeled based on state-of-the-art chips. The impact of integrating DRAM cache into a NoC platform is discussed. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of DRAM cache for NoC in terms of access latency, cache size, area and power consumption. We present benchmark results using a cycle accurate full system simulator based on realistic workloads. Experiments show that under different workloads, the average cache hit latencies in two DRAM based designs are increased by 12.53% (2D) and reduced by 27.97% (3D) respectively compared with the SRAM. It is also shown that the power consumption is a tradeoff consideration in improving the cache hit latency of DRAM LLC. Overall, the power consumption of 3D NoC design with DRAM LLC has reduced 25.78% compared with the SRAM design. Our analysis and experimental results provide a guideline to design efficient 3D NoCs with DRAM LLC.
Mean Square Consensus Control for Second Order Multi-Agent Systems under Fixed Topologies and Measurement Noises
Authors: Liu Xue Liang , Xu Bu Gong , Xie Li Hua
Published: December 2011

This paper considers the mean square consensus problems for second order multi-agent systems with fixed topologies and measurement noises. Two cases were analyzed: 1) undirected networks with fixed topologies; 2) undirected networks with fixed topologies and measurement noises. In order to attenuate the measurement noises, a time-varying consensus gain was introduced in the consensus protocol. Sufficient conditions were derived for all agents to reach consensus in mean square via algebraic graph theory, matrix theory and stochastic analysis approach, by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function. A numerical example was given to verify our theoretical analysis.
Research of the Comparing of the Influence of Enterprises Innovation Investment to Urban Economy in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai-Based on Panel Data during 1989-2008
Authors: Xu Ai Ping , Yu Hui Xin
Published: December 2011

Analyzing and comparing the influence of enterprises S&T input to urban economy in 3 super large city of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai by using panel data from 1989-2008 processed by Eviews5.0, the result indicates enterprises S&T activities investment impacts the urban economy positively. In order to enhance the influence of enterprises innovation investment to urban economy, all of the three cities must increase entreprises innovation fund investment and increase the innovation worker’s efficiency.
Design and Analysis a Small Permanent-Magnet Generator for Wind Power Applications
Authors: Hwang Chang Chou , Tang Ping Huey , Chang Chia Ming
Published: December 2011

This paper aims to develop a small permanent magnet (PM) synchronous generator for direct-coupled, low-speed wind turbine applications. The generator, rated 3-phase 110 V and 1 kW is designed as an outer rotor structure. The design and optimization of the generator is done with the aid of the electromagnetic field analysis based on the finite element method.
A Study on the Evaluation System of Green ICT Products
Authors: Zhu Ting Ting , Zhang Jing , Liu Dan
Published: December 2011

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation system of green ICT products, in order to help improve ICT product innovation. Firstly, the impacts that ICT products have brought to the environment and society are analyzed. Secondly, based on the previous research on the green product evaluation system, and with the consideration of characteristics of ICT products, a framework of the evaluation system is established by selecting indicators covering three criteria---- environmental impact, technological utility and human pleasure. And then fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is used to quantify and normalize qualitative indicators and calculate the weights of criteria and indicators. Finally, the evaluation system is applied to a home computer as an example to verify the validity of it.
Empirical Study of Core Competence in Coal Enterprises under Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Mu Jian Kang
Published: December 2011

The cultivation of core competence is the eternal development goal of the coal enterprises. In the low-carbon economic environment, the system architecture of core competence in China’s coal enterprises has undergone corresponding changes. The analysis of the core competence system has revealed the dynamic mechanism of core competence in China’s coal enterprises in the low-carbon economy, which can provide a realistic and theoretical guidance to deepen core competence.
Automobile Redirector 3 Dimensional Parametric System Design
Authors: Guo Ke Xi , Wu Jia Rong , Wu Hai , Chen Yu Feng , Gao Da Yang
Published: December 2011

According to the market demand trend, design the automobile redirector 3 dimensional parametric system. the system developed under the new parts of the design features step-oriented modules, including several major functions such as three-dimensional model showed the size of the design. The core size of the design uses a Visual Basic module called SolidWorks API functions to drive the part model, in order to complete the model and revision. This paper describes the overall system development process, including the core driver code for a typical part. Using three-dimensional parametric steering system can quickly develop a high quality steering parts, to meet changing market needs with efficient, practical features, this method is gradually used, it is a development potential of CAD / CAM technology.
The Contrast Study on the Method of STEP/XML Data Transformation
Authors: Shang Jian Dong , Zhang Ya Peng , Hu Dong Fang
Published: December 2011

Heterogeneous data sharing is always a bottleneck problem for the development of collaborative design. The method of STEP/XML element mapping achieves the data transformation between STEP and XML by establishing the mapping relationship of the two data. It’s hard to ensure all element mapping one to one and easy to cause the partial data loss. Based on the research, this paper put forward a new method with data encapsulation. It encapsulates the whole STEP data into the XML data by using of the XML character data, and then the data are uploaded to the collaborative design platform. Another designer can download it and get the original STEP data by using the XML parser. This method is not only easy to be realized, but also can ensure the integrity of the product model data conversion. It is more conducive to achieve collaborative design.
Performance Prediction of Eureka-147 DAB System Using Interleaving and Different Coding Rates
Authors: Agarwal Arun , Patra S.K.
Published: December 2011

Radio broadcasting technology has evolved rapidly over the last few years due to ever increasing demands for as high quality sound services with ancillary data transmission in mobile environment. The Eureka-147 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system with coded OFDM technology accomplish this demand by making receivers highly robust against effects of multipath fading environment. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of DAB system conforming to the parameters established by the ETSI (EN 300 401) using frequency interleaving and different coding rates in different transmission channels. The results show that interleaving is essential for the forward error correction to work properly and an increased coding rate makes the system more flexible without increase in the receiver complexity.
Application of Combined-Scale Smart Structures as a Necessity for Multifunctional Spaces
Authors: Bemanian Mohammad Reza , Mahdavinejad Mohammadjavad , Karam Ali , Ramezani Shahabeddin
Published: December 2011

Suitable applications of smart structures for multifunctional spaces are going to be found by this paper. Logical argumentation research method is applied to identify a special smart structure which its features match to architectural requirements of multifunctional spaces. Hence, the smartness of architectural structures has two distinct scales: nanoscale and real scale, the application of these structures is based on two scales. Nanoscale smart structures have the capabilities which differ from real-scale smart structures. The analysis of features of multifunctional spaces shows that these kinds of spaces require structures which are smart both in nanoscale and real scale. As a result, combined-scale smart structures are recommended for multifunctional spaces.
Design of Stictionfree - Lower Pull in Voltage RF MEMS Switch Using Varying Section Cantilever Beam
Authors: Manivannan M. , Daniel R.Joseph , Sumangala K.
Published: December 2011

A new varying section cantilever beam type RF MEMS switch has been proposed. The main advantage of this switch is that it is inherently stiction free and therefore enhances design flexibility. An analytical model developed using unit load approach for the spring constant of the proposed switch has been presented and it has been shown that the spring constant and therefore the pull in voltage (Vpi) can be considerably reduced with the proposed switch. Simulation studies conducted on two groups of devices clearly demonstrate that the pull in voltage can be reduced by 26% with ten sections. Comparision of the pull in voltage obtained in the simulation studies for devices with the theoretically estimated Vpi shows that the spring constant model presented in this paper accurately estimates the spring constant. The results of analytical studies also demonstrate that the new proposed cantilever beam can considerably reduce the pull in voltage.
Electro-Optic Tuneable of Direct Current Voltage in Ring Resonator
Authors: Mohamad A. , Roslan M. S. , Saktioto Saktioto , Ali Jalil
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a new design of the electro-optical tuning voltage in buried fiber ring resonator (BFRR) system is proposed. The crystals of LiNbO3, (Ba, Sr)TiO3, K(Ta, Nb)O3 and KH2PO4 are used as electro-optic core materials. The applied voltage can generate different refractive index deformation when used different electro-optic crystals. Different electro-optic crystals produce distinct maximum power loss within BFRR. The power loss in an electro-optic crystal can be controlled by tuning the applied voltage. The K(Ta, Nb)O3 crystal produce maximum power loss with lower voltage compared to other crystals.
Design & Modeling of 6-Bit Low Loss Ka Band Distributed MEMS Phase Shifter on GaAs
Authors: Sharma Anesh K. , Gautam Ashu K. , Sastry D.V.K. , Singh S.G.
Published: December 2011

This paper presents the design & modeling of distributed MEMS phase shifter for Ka band RF systems. The phase shift can be achieved by periodically placing the MEMS bridge variable capacitors as per Bragg frequency criteria on coplanar waveguide (CPW) using GaAs substrate. The EM & electromechanical simulation are carried out with various structural parameters to optimize the designs. The novelties like low insertion loss, low actuation voltage with distributed actuation pads & separate DC and RF are used to make the design unique. The EM simulations are carried out with HFSS and an insertion loss of -3.49 dB at 36GHz for a total Phase shift of 360 deg. was achieved with return loss of - 20.6 dB over a frequency band 34-38 GHz. The electromechanical simulations are carried to achieve the low actuation voltage of 10.3V. The significance of this study is the realization of the digital phase shifter through DMTL approach.
An Adaptive Protection Method for Power System under Wide Area Networks
Authors: Xu Qiang Ye , Lian Jin , Lian Hao
Published: December 2011

The grid structure and its operation mood are becoming more complicated with the expansion of China Power Network which have higher requirement for security protection for relay protection network. This article proposes adaptive setting of switch positioner and line fault under wide area networks. Adaptive setting of switch positioner in system operation mode can effectively extend the protection scope of zone 2 impedance relay on the premise of protecting the cooperative relationship which has a better sensibility than traditional setting value of zone 2 impedance relay. Adaptive setting of line fault has high level of adaptation in system operation mode and sensitivity in each adjacent line which has lager protection scope than that of the traditional setting value and switch positioner.
Design of SEMG Recognition System
Authors: Xie Jing Jin , Zuo Lei
Published: December 2011

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is recorded from the surface of skeleton muscle by electrodes, it is the bioelectricity discharged by neuromuscular activities. This paper designed a data acquisition platform of sEMG, which contains hardware module and software module. The hardware contains electrodes, microcomputer, power and filters. The software contains data reading and storage, signal filter, timer and graphics user interface. It shows the system is workable with stable performance.
A Micro-Machined Silicon Vibrating Ring Gyroscope
Authors: Zhang Rui Xue , Chen Zhi Yong , Zhang Rong
Published: December 2011

The presented work focuses on the design, fabrication and frequency characteristics of a multi-mass MEMS vibrating ring gyroscope. After modal and harmonic simulation in ANSYS, the first 12 modes’ resonant frequencies and impacts on the sense-axis displacement are obtained. This gyroscope is fabricated through the silicon-on-glass process and deep etching bulk silicon MEMS technology. With a view to obtain the frequency characteristics, the authors attempt set of frequency sweeping experiment, whose record agrees well with ANSYS simulation results. The preliminary experimental data present the relationship between drive voltage and resonant characteristics and indicate that the structural design of vibrating ring and multi-mass can effectively depart the operational modes away from the interfering modes with a higher Q of sense axis at atmospheric pressure.
FPGA Based Reconfigurable Computing Systems: A New Design Approach - A Review
Authors: Laxmi Vijaya , Adiga Chandrashekhar S. , Harish S.V.
Published: December 2011

The recent progress in modern electronic technology has enabled the implementation of complex information processing systems and created a big push towards the development of various kinds of application specific embedded and high performance systems. Design is a task that requires knowledge and creativity which are two human attributes normally considered too complex to be automated. Researchers in Artificial Intelligence have devoted a lot of work towards automating different aspects of design, but most of the current results consist of complex and expensive programs that can be easily outperformed by experienced human designers. The main goal of this review reported in this paper is to develop logic circuits which are not only fully functional, but also optimum according to some metrics. In this review, four important areas are considered. They are fpga based reconfigurable computing systems, soft computing techniques, pipelining concept and financial analysis as an application.
ARTVTS: In Single-Chip Automated Real Time Vehicle Tracking System with Automated Emergency Alert System
Authors: Saini Sanjay , Umamakeswari A.
Published: December 2011

The development of satellite communication technology has brought the Vehicle tracking systems to the day-to-day life of the common man. Today GPS fitted cars, ambulances, fleets and police vehicles are common on the roads. All the existing technology can support only tracking the vehicle place and status. No such systems have implemented emergency alert during accidents, using smart phone. Real time vehicular tracking system incorporates a hardware device installed in the vehicle and a remote Tracking server. The information is transmitted to Tracking server using GSM/GPRS modem on GSM network by using SMS or using direct TCP/IP connection with Tracking server through GPRS. Tracking server also has GSM/GPRS modem that receives vehicle location information via GSM network and stores all this information in computer database. This information is available to authorized users of the system via website over the internet.The embedded device fitted with “sensors”. The sensors used are to provide Automated Emergency Alert in case of accident (Inform nearby Police, Hospital and Owner through SMS), Identification of Halts and Duration, Emergency Message Display in Centralized computer, Automatic update of Emergency number, Fuel Tank Pilferage Monitoring and Distance and Speed computation. The data from the sensors are transferred to centralized server through GSM enabled device. GPS device is used to track the vehicle locations in latitude and longitude. The GPS device is received raw satellites data in this data is not understandable first we convert raw data to digital form and transmitted to centralize computer. Each licence vehicle owner can access the data using web service and can retrieve all the real time data and stored previous data in database. Because whole Proposed system control in a single chip so proposed system allows for the stability, equilibrium, less resource use and sustainability of a tracking system and save of the people life.
Process Modeling, Optimization and Characterization of Silicon <100> Optical Waveguides by Anisotropic Wet Etching
Authors: Hazura H. , Hanim A.R. , Mardiana B. , Shaari Sahbudin , Menon P.S.
Published: December 2011

We present a detailed fabrication process of silicon optical waveguide with a depth of 4μm via simulation and experiment. An anisotropic wet etching using Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) solutions was selected to study the influence of major fabrication parameters such as etch rate, oxidation time and development time to the fabrication performance. The fabrication of the silicon waveguide with the orientation of was modeled using ATHENA from 2D Silvaco software and was later compared with the actual fabricated device. Etching time of 4 minutes was required to etch the Si to the depth of 4μm to obtain a perfectly trapeizoidal optical waveguide structure. Our results show that the simulation model is trustworthy to predict the performance of the practical anisotropic wet etching fabrication process. The silicon-based waveguide components are targeted to be employed in realizing future photonic devices such as optical modulators.
Slow Light in Vertically Coupled Resonator of Conical Rod Portion
Authors: Husein Nor Ain , Saktioto  , Yusoff Zulfadzli , Ali Jalil
Published: December 2011

Resonator structures have been proposed and modified as a method of reducing the group velocity of light for optical buffering in telecommunication field. This makes the characterization and optimization of the method become important to apply. In this paper, the characterization of vertically coupler resonator is modified by investigating its geometrical parameters. The modified models with conical rod portion as the slow light structure is described where the group velocity parameters are varied. The results found that the separation gap between fibers, lg and the rod radius, a are significant in reducing the group velocity of light through such a system in the case of lossless resonators.
Well Potential of Bright Solitary Wave in Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Zainudin Mardiana , Saktioto Saktioto , Ali Jalil
Published: December 2011

We proposed the formation of well potential of bright solitary wave in fiber Bragg grating. The study has been successfully performed out under Bragg resonance condition where the initial frequency of the light has the same value with the Bragg frequency. The Stokes parameter provides important information on the total energy and energy differences between the forward and backward propagating modes. The nonlinear parameter in this study was initially set to α = 1.0 and -1.0, β = 0.7 and γ = 0.1.
Spatial Access Method for Flash Memory Embedded Systems
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Kim Joung Joon , Lim Myung Jae , Kim Kyu Ho , Kim Jeong Lae
Published: December 2011

This paper proposed an efficient spatial Access method, called MDR-Tree (Mbr compression and Delayed write operation based R-Tree), that uses the node compression technique and the delayed write operation technique for flash memory embedded systems. The node compression technique of MDR-Tree increased the utilization of flash memory space by compressing the MBR of spatial data using relative coordinates and MBR size. Moreover, the delayed write operation technique reduced the number of write operations in flash memory by temporarily storing spatial data in the buffer and by reflecting them in flash memory at once instead of reflecting the insert, update and delete of spatial data in flash memory for each operation. Especially, the utilization of buffer space was enhanced by preventing the redundant storage of the same spatial data in the buffer.
The Study of Optical Properties of Laser Identification Friend or Foe System
Authors: Sun Jing , Li Dong Guang , Cui Xue Jun
Published: December 2011

The optical properties is essential to the process of identification in Laser Identification Friend or Foe (Laser-IFF) system. The corner cube reflector (CCR), composed of three mutually orthogonal reflective micromirrors, is extensively used in Laser-IFF system for it can reflect incident light at any angle to its incoming direction. So the micromachined CCR array is set to be the most important component of the responder. And assuming the Laser-IFF system is used in missiles, we present an analysis of the optical properties about the responder sectional area, the signal power of the responder and the echo power from the responder to the inquirer, considering at different effect distances between the inquirer and responder, divergence half-angle, CCR arrays reflectivity and other factors. Further field testing about the system can reference obtained experimental results and conclusions.
The Electronic Kanban System for Mixed-Model Assembly Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Wang Hai Yan
Published: December 2011

After discussing the technology of electronic Kanban, simulation annealing algorithm is introduced to determine the number of Kanbans and lot sizes of part types under the environment of variant demand, stochastic processing times and different types of products. Also a newly developed Kanban system is presented to dynamically and timely adjust the number of Kanbans in order to offset the blocking and starvation caused by surging demands and stochastic processing times. A simulation model of Kanban system is built to verify the various performances of electronic Kanban and traditional one. At last the performance differences in order completion and average inventory level between the number-fixed Kanban system and the number-adjustable one are presented and verified.
Study on Mould Structure of Differential Temperature Drawing Process for Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Yu Zu Jian , Li Jian Hui
Published: December 2011

Magnesium alloy, differential temperature drawing, mould structure, surface roughness Abstract. To improve the formability of magnesium alloy sheet, the differential temperature drawing process was presented, and the mould structure of differential temperature drawing process for magnesium alloy was well-designed and fabricated by analyzing the friction and the stress distribution of material in drawing process. With the blank heated to 200-235°C at the flange by inserting heating coils and thermocouples in die and binder and the drawn cup cooled by injecting cooling water into die and punch, the differential temperature drawing process of magnesium alloy sheet was performed successfully and the value of surface roughness Ra1.6um was adopted for punch, Ra0.4um was adopted for die and binder. The result shows that by using the designed mould, the deep drawing performance of AZ31B magnesium alloy can be enhanced obviously and the value of LDR can be increased form 2.1 to 3.05.
The Impact Law of Plating Rate Based on Orthogonal Experimental for Electroless Ni-P-Nano SiC Composite Plating
Authors: Wang Hong
Published: December 2011

The orthogonal test method has been used to study the effects of the concentration of SiC, the speed of mixing, the temperature and the surfactants on depositing rate, and obtained the optimized technological scheme and fine Ni-P-SiC composite coating. The results showed that using citric acid-acetic acid as complexing agents can obtain high speed of depositing and homogeneous coating with SiC well-distributed. Among the technological parameters, the effects of temperature on depositing rate is biggest, and the surfactants is next. Give consideration to depositing rate and stability of the liquid, the temperature should be controlled at 82±2°C, the concentration of SiC particles and surfactants should be controlled in 4g/L and 60mg/L.
Study on the Effect of Bond-Anchoring Factor on Bond Behavior between Deformed Bar and Shale Ceramic Concrete
Authors: Yang Wei Jun , Yu Jie , Wang Yan
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the effect of bond-anchoring factor on bond behavior between deformed bar and shale ceramic concrete was analyzed by four groups of pull-out tests with different anchorage length. And three reinforced concrete pull-out tests used for comparative analysis were prepared at the same time. We obtained a series of experimental data and based on these data .A more accurate formula was summed up. This formula has a high value in guiding the practical project to choose the anchorage length.
Prediction of Power Signal in Nuclear Reactors with Neural Network Based Intelligent Predictors in the Presence of 1/fα Type Sensor Noise
Authors: Majumder Basudev , Saha Sayan , Das Saptarshi , Pan Indranil , Gupta Amitava
Published: December 2011

This paper describes the prediction of the power output from the Self-Powered-Neutron-Detector (SPND) in the liquid zone control compartment (LZC) of nuclear reactors, which are important in online global power measurement in a large Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). Noisy measured data from the SPNDs have been smoothened out with the help of an ARMA filter and then the smoothed data is used as the input for the neural networks for training purpose. These typical intelligent predictors have been studied with its variation considering different dynamic neural network structures with integer and fractional order noise considerations in the measured sensor data. The paper reports the best found network structure for the prediction of measured set of noisy SPND data.
The Comprehensive Test for Geothermal Tail-Water Disposal
Authors: Gao Zong Jun , Ren Jia Guo , Li Jia Liang , Cao Hong , Wu Qian Qian , Zhang Zhao Xiang , Ma Hai Hui
Published: December 2011

Geothermal reservoirs and groundwater resources in layered porous media in large sedimentary basins have enormous exploitation potential because of their extensive distribution, great quantity, and feasible temperatures and drilling depths. The discharge of geothermal wastewater (i.e. tail-water) on the surface is a serious environmental issue because of its high salinity content, so the Bureau of Geology Exploration and Mineral Resources Exploitation in Shandong Province, China called for the study of the disposal technique of the geothermal tail-water. The disposal test process is as follows: take the waste of geothermal water to make physics-chemistry preparative disposal; filtration with manganese-sand set and/or double-medium equipment; filtration with ion exchange resins; nanofiltration membrane separation; and reverse osmosis separation. After separation, the cheap, clean water can be used as a material for chemical plants. However, in the case of deeply embedded geothermal groundwater resources, connate water(buried water), or bad recharge conditions, must be dried up for a long time exploitation, causing ground depression. Therefore, it is concluded that systems utilizing reinjection, i.e. closed-circuit cycle mode injection, in sandstone reservoirs are ideal for the realization of sustainable exploitation of the geothermal groundwater resources with favorable environmental conditions on the surface.
A Novel Alignment Technique in Wafer-Level Packaging of MEMS Components
Authors: Hamedi M. , Vismeh M. , Salimi P.
Published: December 2011

In recent years, assembling and packaging methods of Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) components have been profoundly studied. The focus of this paper is presenting a novel alignment technique in wafer-level packaging. In conventional wafer-level strategies, either an Alignment Template (AT) must have special receptor sites according to the microchip geometry and its material, or the microcomponents should be additionally featured by circular and cross pegs for shape recognition stage. In this article, we have developed electrothermal microclamps (ETMCs) to hold and locate six microchips of 360×360×20 micrometers in a microfixturing cell. This is to provide accurate preliminary positioning for final flip-chip bonding process of wafer-level packaging on a main assembly board (MAB). The new approach enjoys the advantages of omitting special AT with receptor sites and using identical ETMCs for diverse assembly configurations. Being applicable for different types of microcomponent materials, it does necessitate no surface treatment on microcomponents such as Semidry uniquely orienting self-organizing parallel assembly (Semi-DUO-SPASS) technique. Comparing nickel and polysilicon as fabrication materials, corresponding values of input voltage to reach 3 micrometers displacement of the ETMC arm are estimated via finite element analysis to ascertain positioning and holding of microchips. Nickel showed to be a better choice for fabrication due to requiring lower input voltage and lower maximum resulting temperature. The simulation results are verified with published experimental measurements.
A MEMS Safe and Arm Device for Spin Stabilized Ammunition Fuze
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Wei Guo , Zou Jin Long , Huo Peng Fei
Published: December 2011

In order to realize the miniaturization of fuze safety mechanism, a novel MEMS safe and arm is proposed through concept, analysis, design and initial prototyping. A microscale inertial mechanical logic for mechanical safe and arm functions in the form of sliders, springs, and locks that interact on a planar substrate in response to setback acceleration and centrifugal force to thereby arm the fuze, and the bulk fabrication process were analyzed. The safety criteria, design principles, modeling and simulation methods for arming slider, setback lock, and arming lock are introduced. Air gun testing demonstrates the feasibility of MEMS safe and arm device and the validity of the design method.
Optimization of Fabrication Process for MEMS Based Microneedles Using ICP Etching Technology
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Waseem , Tayyaba Shahzadi , Afzulpurkar Nitin , Nisar Asim , Punyasai Chumnarn , Saejok Karoon , Supadech Jakrapomg , Atthi Nithi , Hruanun Charndet
Published: December 2011

In this paper, optimization of fabrication process for microneedles has been presented. Using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technology, fabrication of out-of-plane hollow silicon microneedles for blood extraction has been carried out. Sharp tip microneedles with length 1100 µm were designed for fabrication. The fabrication of microneedles was not successful because the lumen section was fabricated first and then hole was created for fluid flow. Previously, using same fabrication method successful fabrication of microneedles was done for drug delivery with length 200 µm. This fabrication method is not suitable for long structure. Thus, the alternative microneedle fabrication steps using ICP etching have been developed and presented in this paper. These steps can be more optimized and suitable for sharp tip, long and hollow structure.
Motion Generation by Integration of Multiple Observation Spaces for Robots with Limited Range of Observation
Authors: Kurita Eisuke , Kobayashi Yuichi , Gouko Manabu
Published: December 2011

Sensors of robots that act in unstructured environment sometimes do not provide complete observation, due to occlusion or limitation of sensing range. This paper presents a motion generation method for robot with multiple sensors with limited sensing ranges. The proposed method introduce extension of the action- observation mapping to outside of the sensing range of a sensor, based on the diffusion-based learning of Jacobian matrices between control input and observation variable. Multiple observation spaces can be integrated by finding correspondence between the virtual observation spaces. When a target observation variable is given to the robot, it can generate a motion from an observation space to- ward the target with another observation space using the extended observation space. The proposed framework is verified by two robot tasks, reaching motion toward the floor with a manipulator and navigation of mobile robot around the wall. In both cases, observation space by camera with limited view was extended and appropriate motion trajectories were obtained.
LEKHOK: Text Writing Mechanism for HOAP-2
Authors: Singh Upasna , Pal Om Prakash , Khatr Saurabh , Nandi G.C.
Published: December 2011

There are several tasks in which humans require learning such as reading, writing, drawing etc. This paper gives an idea to make HOAP-2 (Humanoid Open Architecture Platform) robot capable of writing text of any particular language. It can also draw special symbol in a specific coordinate frame. For writing any alphabet the robot follows a trajectory defined in terms of intermediate points. Three types of interpolation: Straight, Clockwise and anticlockwise provides exact direction and smoothening to a particular pattern of the alphabet. On the basis of these interpolated results robot usable joint values are generated. The simulator utilises the updated robot joint values for writing the sentence. We have tested our method on Webots (a simulated framework for HOAP-2) in which the robot can write any sentence of English characters correct and precise.
Automation of Bolt Galvanizing Plant Using PLC
Authors: Mukherjee Abhijit , Roy Anirban , Biswas Jyotirmoy , Dhabal Someswar
Published: December 2011

Every aspect of life changes day by day. The change does not always involve the evolution of its bigger parts but in its smallest constituents. Similarly the advancement in technology is possible by evolving its minute elements. Every colossal structure, having unique designs, depends only on its constituents to maintain its image. Nut-bolts are such prime ingredients of any construction industry from small scale to large scale as they have a pivotal role in the whole production mechanism. But they need to be replenished to make them stand any disaster. Galvanization is one of the replenishment ways in their production. The paper deals with a galvanizing industry designed automatic by virtue of PLC for faster and reliable production as well as keeping in mind the optimum energy consumption and environment friendly working atmosphere.
Neural Network Approach to Robot Motion Control
Authors: Agarwal Vijayant , Wadhwa Rhythm Suren
Published: December 2011

A neural network approach has been proposed & analyzed to control the motion of robot. This involves study of dynamics of a manipulator, which is highly non linear, study & design of neural network to solve the problem. The designed neural network has given the correct output joint angles, joint velocities according to given input torque initial joint angles & joint velocities. Feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through simulation using matlab using the physical parameters of SCARA robot for open loop as well as close loop.