bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Фуқаролик ҳуқуқида воситачилик институтининг ривожланиши
Authors: Джамбакиева Феруза
Published: March 2022

Мазкур мақолада муаллиф воситачилик институтининг моҳиятини назарий ва амалий жихатдан таҳлил этган хамда мазкур институтнинг ривожланиш тарихини хорижий мамлакатлар қонунчилиги мисолида ёритиб берган. Шунингдек, Ўзбекистонда амалга оширилаётган кенг қамровли ислоҳотлар шароитида фуқаролик ҳуқуқий муносабатларни тартибга солишнинг назарий ва амалий муаммоларини назарий-методологик ва амалий жиҳатдан ўрганишнинг долзарблиги ҳақида фикрлар билдирилган.
A Rare Case of Pulmonary Renal Syndrome Secondary to Microscopic Polyangiitis – A Case Report
Authors: Shah Viraj , Lacqua Alexandra , Demirjian Gregory , Patel Akash , Shah Dhruvil , Mendha Taaha
Published: March 2022

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage (DAH) is one of the life-threatening pulmonary complications of AAV (ANCA-Associated Vasculitis). Pulmonary Renal Syndrome (PRS) is defined as concurrent autoimmune-induced DAH and Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Major organs involved in MPA (Microscopic Polyangiitis) are the kidneys and the lungs. The gold standard to confirm alveolar hemorrhage is bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We hereby describe a case in which our patient presented to the emergency room after being sent by his nephrologist for kidney biopsy in the setting of unexplained worsening renal functions. Patient ultimately developed PRS and was started on remission treatment with pulse dose steroids, plasmapheresis, and cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately, the patient deceased from multiorgan failure secondary to septic shock. PRS, once suspected, appropriate autoimmune workup should be undertaken, usually followed by renal biopsy.
Studying Dance in the Present. The K'na Dance and Its Different Dance Forms in Nea Vyssa, Greece
Authors: Filippidou Eleni
Published: March 2022

In the community of Nea Vyssa in Greece there is the paradox that a single dance, with the name K’na dance, appears today in three different versions. The aim of this research is to record the different versions of the “K’na” dance that coexist today in the community of Nea Vyssa in Greece, to determine if they are really different versions of the same dance and to define the reason for their existence. The collection of ethnographic data was based on the ethnographic method. Laban’s notation system was used to record the choreographic compositions of K’na dance, while for the analysis of their structure and form, as well as their codification, the structural-morphological and typological method of analysis was used, as it is applied in the Greek Τraditional Dance. From the data analysis was found that the versions that were found in the K’na dance in the community of Nea Vyssa, have to do with the place of the dance, as the three versions of K’na dance that exist today in the community of Nea Vyssa highlight issues of “first” and “second” existence of dance. In conclusion, the diversity of K’na dance today in Nea Vyssa is a consequence of the transfer of dance to the stage. The K’na dance in Nea Vyssa today is experienced in different ways by the residents of the community, depending on the place of its performance.
ASPECTOS RELEVANTES SOBRE O ATENDIMENTO FISIOTERAPÊUTICO DOMICILIAR: ATUAÇÃO, CONTRIBUIÇÕES E DIFICULDADES
Authors: Machado Pires Fabiana , Felix Arantes Ana Paula
Published: March 2022

A fisioterapia domiciliar vem ganhando espaço e se destacando no Brasil e em outros países devido a comodidade e praticidades desta prática. Diante disto este trabalho propôs-se realizar uma revisão de literatura para identificar aspectos relevantes do atendimento fisioterapêutico domiciliar, como atuação, contribuições e dificuldades encontradas por profissionais fisioterapeutas. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico referente a publicações a partir de 2007, com base nos principais artigos da literatura que englobam fisioterapia domiciliar, através de pesquisa nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico e BIREME. Conclui-se neste estudo que a atuação do fisioterapeuta no ambiente domiciliar tem caráter humanizado, gerando um vínculo de aproximação entre paciente e profissional, apresenta contribuições principalmente para a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, familiares e cuidadores e esta prática apresenta dificuldades como o despreparo dos profissionais para atuar no ambiente familiar, sendo que a formação é direcionada apenas para a reabilitação, e especialidades do ambiente clinico-hospitalar.
OPERAÇÃO ARQUIMEDES E A DESTRUIÇÃO DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA BRASILEIRA COM A ANUÊNCIA DO ESTADO
Authors: Dittmar Herbert
Published: March 2022

A Operação Arquimedes, deflagrada pela Polícia Federal na Amazônia, com a finalidade de coibir a comercialização de madeira nativa brasileira oriunda de planos de manejo florestais fraudados, com o auxílio de engenheiros florestais e de fiscais ambientais corruptos do órgão gestor ambiental, permitiu demonstrar que organizações criminosas se estabelecem nos órgãos ambientais com o intuito de legalizar explorações florestais a partir de documentações e vistorias fraudulentas. A madeira assim produzida é proveniente na maior parte das vezes de áreas federais. Parte da madeira é comercializada no mercado interno e parte é exportada para dezenas de países, mantendo um esquema de lavagem de bens e de dinheiro. Interceptações telefônicas tornadas públicas pelo Ministério Público Federal mostram a realidade da exploração florestal amazônica desconhecida dos consumidores da madeira. Uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa demonstrou que as fraudes fundiárias e nos sistemas de controle estatais contribuem significativamente para a paulatina destruição da Floresta Amazônica, com a anuência do Estado brasileiro e a inocência dos consumidores ao imaginar que a documentação de origem garante a origem idônea da madeira.
Spillover-Crossover Effects of Work-Life Conflict Among Married Academicians in Private University
Authors: Mohamad Zhooriyati Sehu , Despois Daren Yannick
Published: March 2022

Work and personal life are usually perceived as mutually incompatible domains, needing to be maintained in clear segregation for the experience of stress-free living. However, with evolving occupational demands, advancements in communication technology, and the threat of career obsolescence, dictating the norms of organisational cultures, the boundary separating the work domain from the home domain is nowadays indistinct. Thus, this study has been conducted using the qualitative phenomenological study to explore the influence of organisational culture on the work-life balance of academics. Thus, five married full-time academicians at Kuala Lumpur, employed for a minimum of one academic semester, were involved in a semi-structured interview. The present study found that work demands would usually lead to reduced involvement with the family. Academicians would mostly compensate by negotiating with their family members for quality time in the future. Mostly, the experience of work-life conflict would occur in the direction of work to family, rather than the other way around. Thus, academicians also revealed occasionally externalising their stress toward family members as a result of work-related emotions impinging on their emotional state at home. The findings of this study highlight the importance of implementing work-life balance strategies and fostering an organisational culture focused on the satisfaction of employees rather than strictly organisational objectives.
The Influence of Apprenticeship of Observation on Business Teacher’s Beliefs and Attitudes Towards English-Medium Instruction: A Case Study
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mosiur , Reshmin Liza , Amin Evita , Karim Abdul
Published: March 2022

English medium instruction (EMI) in higher education is now a widespread practise around the world. Teachers’ beliefs and attitudes concerning EMI can be both barriers and facilitators to implementing EMI in their classroom instruction. However, this important issue has not been studied widely. This study explores a case of an EMI teacher from the business discipline working in a private university in Bangladesh, whose beliefs regarding English and EMI adoption were influenced by the apprenticeship of observation. The site of the reported study is the University of Future (pseudonym), a medium-sized private university based in Dhaka. Avro (a pseudonym) was chosen as the case in this study as he was taught in an English medium university and now teaches business courses at the focal university where medium of instruction (MOI) is English. Two thought-based data collection instruments were used to collect the data: a semistructured interview and a narrative frame. The findings of the study show that the language-related beliefs of Avro are consistent with the rationale for the language policy adopted by his university, and his prior educational experience has played an important role in shaping his attitude towards English and EMI adoption in higher education.
Market structure and profit performance of Banks in Sierra Leone
Authors: Ahiakpor Ferdinand , David Bartholomew
Published: March 2022

The study examines the effects of market structure on profitability in the Sierra Leone banking industry. There are two competing hypotheses—the traditional structure–conduct–performance (SCP) hypothesis and the efficiency hypothesis (EH). Using pooled and quarterly data for the period 2006-2011, this study tests the validity of these two hypotheses. In general, the overall results of the study have been mixed. However, capital to asset ratio and expenses to asset ratio are found to influence their performance. But for definitive policy purposes, the impact of the banking structure needs to be explored further.
Residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards urban solid waste management in the Berekum Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Dauda Suleman , Mariwah Simon , Agyapong Richard
Published: March 2022

Solid waste management has become a daunting task for municipal and district authorities who seem to lack the capabilityand logistics to deal with the escalating waste situation. This paper examined residents’ perceptions and attitudes towardsurban solid waste management in the Berekum Municipality in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Using a survey questionnaire and in-depth interview guide, data was gathered from 150 randomly selected household respondents and three purposively selected key institutions. The Theory of Planned Behaviour which provides a framework for studying human behaviour guided the study. The study found that residents recognised solid waste management as a major problem. It was also revealed that residents do not currently pay for waste management services rendered to them. Strategies to address solid waste problem will need to consider adequate supply of containers, intensive public education and introduction of user fees for waste management services.
Worldwide Crime Map Applications and Usage Tendency
Authors: ATAR Musa , YILMAZ Hacı Murat
Published: March 2022

In the dynamic structure of the 21st century, the fight against crime is of increasing interest to the whole society. Law enforcement agencies use crime maps in order to analyze all components of the crime and see them in a single window to develop various scientific strategies. Crime maps that have been used actively for the last 70 years have been given different capabilities with the recent developments in geographic information systems (GIS). In this way, effective crime analyzes can be made, crime prevention tactics and strategies can be developed. Crime information systems, which make it easier to see the events at the desired scale and make quick decisions, are actively used by every law enforcement unit. In some developed countries, crime maps are available to citizens. In our country, a study based on the general framework of a web-based crime information system was carried out with the survey method, which included expectations from the crime map on an international scale. The survey conducted with military personnel of NATO members concluded that a significant majority of respondents were concerned with crime maps and believed that crime maps should be made available to all citizens.
МЕКТЕПТІҢ БАСТАУЫШ СЫНЫПТАРЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗІРГІ БАЛАЛАРДЫ ӘЛЕУМЕТТЕНДІРУ ҮДЕРІСІ
Authors: М. Н. Рахимбаева
Published: March 2022

Бұл мақалада бастауыш сынып балалардың мектепке бейімдеуі және әлеуметтендіруі мәселесі қарастырылады. Зерттелетін контингенттің жасын ескере отырып, әлеуметтік зерттеуді педагогика мен психологияның көмегінсіз жүргізу орынсыз болар еді. Қазіргі білім баланың жеке қасиеттерін дамытуды талап етеді, ал екінші әлеуметтену процесі агрессивті емес, мәдени танысу болуы керек. Зерттеу тақырыбы аясында оқушылардың психоэмоционалды жағдайын анықтау үшін бастауыш сынып мұғалімдері мен Психология мамандығының студенттері көмек көрсетті. Әлеуметтену процесінде, әсіресе бастауыш сынып оқушысы, мұғалімнің рөлі маңызды. Оның міндеті – баланы түсіну, көмек көрсету, жайлы жағдай жасау. Мұның бәрі баланың өзін-өзі жүзеге асыруына көмектеседі, ол әлеуметтік-мәдени нормаларды үйренеді, тәжірибесін байытады және соңында әлеуметтік жағынан дамиды. Бала үшін бұл әрекет оған қатысуға ыңғайлы болған кезде қызықты, еліктіргіштік болуы керек. Қазіргі уақытта мұғалімнің, ата-ананың және психологтың жұмысы маңызды, өйткені көптеген зерттеулердің нәтижелері бойынша бұл жаста балалар психологиялық қиындықтарға, эмоционалды қиындықтарға және мінез-құлықтың бұзылуына ұшырайды. Психологиялық тесттер мен социологиялық бақылау негізінде бастауыш сынып оқушыларының көңіл-күйі, эмоционалды ойлау және бейімделу дәрежесі анықталды.
ПИРАЗОЛ ДИАЗОНИЙ ТҰЗДАРЫНЫҢ ДЕДИАЗОТТАУ РЕАКЦИЯЛАРЫ (ӘДЕБИ ШОЛУ)
Authors: Д. К. Кунакова  , А. Ж. Касанова
Published: March 2022

Бұл мақалада пиразол-3(5)-диазоний тұздарының реактивтілігі және синтетикалық мүмкіндіктері бойынша эксперименттік нәтижелер жинақталды. Пиразол-3(5)-диазоний тұздарының реактивтілігін фенилдиазоний хлоридімен салыстыруға болады және пиразол-3(5)-диазоний тұздарындағы N2+ тобының валенттік тербелістерінің жиілігі мәні бойынша диазонийдің ароматты тұздарына жақын болады. Бір жағынан 3(5)-пиразолдың диазо туындылары олардың карбоциклді аналогтарымен салыстырғанда айтарлықтай улкен тұрақтылықты көрсетеді. Көрсетілген қосылыстар негізінде гетероциклдену реакцияларына ерекше назар аударылады. Оның ішінде пиразол диазоний тұздарының жаңа циклдің пайда болуына алып келмейтін дедиазоттау реакцияларына әдеби шолу жасалды. Пирозол-3(5)-диазоний тұздарының диазо тобының нуклеофильді алмастырылуы диазоқосылыстар химиясының маңызды синтетикалық бағыттарының бірі болып табылады. Дедиазоттау реакцияларының нәтижесінде әртүрлі функционалды туындыларды (галогендер, цианидтер, роданидтер, гидроксидтер, тиолдар, нитриттер, азидтер және т.б.) алуға мүмкіндік береді. Пиразол қатарындағы диазоний тобының алмастыру реакциясы қазіргі таңда жақсы зерттелгені анықталды. Алмастыру реакцияларының алғашқы әрекеттерін 1914 жылы Мор жасаған. Ал Лунд алғаш рет пиразол және 3-иодпиразол синтезін дезаминдеу және диазо тобын иодқа ауыстыру арқылы жүзеге асырды. Мұндай реакциялар иондық және радикалды механизммен жүреді, өйткені иондық және радикалды механизмнің пайдасына куә болатын эксперименттік мәліметтер бар.
CAPACIDADES EMPREENDEDORAS DA GESTORA DA MEDEOR MEDTECH, STARTUP SEDIADA NA ARATEC - INCUBADORA E ACELERADORA DE NEGÓCIOS INOVADORES DE ARARANGUÁ/SC
Authors: Rocha de Sousa Júnior Alicio , Leite Esteves Paulo César , Bencciveni Franzoni Ana Maria
Published: March 2022

Em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, empresas inovadoras de grande potencial de crescimento, as startups, recebem destaque. Uma vez que tais empresas são compostas por uma equipe reduzida, mas com profissionais com notório conhecimento, um estudo destinado a conhecer as capacidades empreendedoras dos gestores se mostra de grande relevância. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho descreve o perfil do gestor, bem como o contexto em que se encontra a startup MedEOR Medtech, sediada na Incubadora e Aceleradora de Negócios Inovadores de Araranguá/SC. Juntamente com tal pesquisa, há uma abordagem de como a pandemia de COVID-19 interfere no negócio, fato que corrobora com a magnitude do presente estudo.
MARKETING DO CONHECIMENTO: UM ARCABOUÇO TEÓRICO CONCEITUAL
Authors: Da Silva Paz Marisol , Castro de Almeida Cunha Cristiano José , Pereira Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Diversas mudanças que ocorrem no estudo de marketing têm sido propostas, por muitos estudiosos da área, como um novo paradigma. Já, o conhecimento  se tornou o objeto direto ou indireto da economia de troca, mas, apesar disso, estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre essa economia, ou que abordam diretamente este tema ainda são extremamente escassos. Este artigo investiga a questão do “marketing do conhecimento”, que é cada vez mais importante na atualidade. O objetivo é conduzir um exame crítico dos estudos atuais para evidenciar e discutir as referências básicas que podem conceber um ponto de partida na formatação de um constructo para o “marketing do conhecimento”.
Characteristics Verification of DC- DC Buck Converter Using Nonlinear Controller with the PI Controllers
Authors: Arti Sachin Bindu
Published: March 2022

In this project buck converter is simulated with variety of existing linear controllers like PI and PID. After analyzing the performance of buck converter from many papers it was found that nonlinear control sliding mode control can be used with buck converter. The performance of buck converter has been studied and is undertaken for their theoretical verification, graphical representation and Matlab simulation. From the linear controller PI, non linear controller sliding mode control (SMC) is taken as control method. As the concepts of linear controllers PI and PID are known to us, the concept of sliding mode control (SMC) is explained in detailed.
Heart Rate Training
Authors: Benson Roy , Connolly Declan
Published: March 2022

If you’re serious about your sport, you’re serious about conditioning. Now, with one small device, you can apply the latest technology, science, and research to take the guesswork out of training, monitor progress, and see results. Heart RateTraining will show you how!

From functions, features, and operational advice for your device to interpreting and applying the results, Heart RateTraining is a step-by-step guide to optimizing performance. You’ll learn how, when, and why monitors can, and should, be incorporated into your workouts, training, and conditioning program to produce maximum results.

In Heart Rate Training, authors Roy Benson and Declan Connolly show you how to determine deficiencies in training and performance, create targeted programs to increase endurance, raise lactate threshold, increase speed and power, and monitor your recovery between workouts. And the sample programs allow you to manipulate the training components to design a long-term training plan across eight endurance sports: walking, running, cycling, swimming, triathlon, rowing, cross-country skiing, and team sports.

When you’re ready to take training and performance to the next level, turn to Heart Rate Training and achieve your personal best.
Pilates and Conditioning for Athletes
Authors: Lademann Amy , Lademann Rick
Published: March 2022

Gain the competitive edge with the innovative training methods in Pilates and Conditioning for Athletes. This science-based, multidimensional approach to athletic conditioning helps you build a strong and flexible foundation by infusing Pilates into training, resulting in complete training programs that tap into the seven pillars of training needed for success:

• Agility

• Flexibility

• Mobility

• Power

• Speed

• Stability

• Strength

Begin with proven assessment protocols that have helped elite and professional athletes reach the pinnacle of their careers and remain there. Evaluate your movement patterns, range of motion, strength base, flexibility, and core strength to determine your baseline and guide your selection of exercises and sequences to turn weaknesses into strengths.

Then follow detailed instructions for 124 Pilates mat and traditional conditioning exercises to strengthen your core, improve your posture, increase flexibility, and correct muscle imbalances. You will learn the following:

• Breathing exercises to increase lung capacity and reduce stress

• Stretching routines to open your hips, hamstrings, and back

• Joint articulation to improve range of motion and balance

• Resistance training for strength and power

• Medicine ball training for working in diagonal and transverse planes

• A dynamic warm-up series to begin each training session

You can take the confusion out of your training plan by adding one or more of the 19 foundational, intermediate, and sport-specific workouts to help you achieve your performance goals.

Successful athletes never leave their training to chance: Every workout is planned, every exercise is done for a specific reason, and each movement and program builds upon the previous one. Whether you are a weekend warrior, a college or professional athlete, or a 70-year-old triathlete, Pilates and Conditioning for Athletes will help you incorporate Pilates training to become a stronger, faster, healthier, and better-equipped athlete.
The Modern Art and Science of Mobility
Authors: Broussal-Derval Aurélien , Ganneau Stéphane
Published: March 2022

The Modern Art and Science of Mobility is a striking visual guide to releasing muscle tension and activating muscles for functional motion. It goes beyond traditional training methods that focus on performance and aesthetics and asks these simple questions:

Are you truly reaping the full benefits of training if it does not include mobility exercises?

Why are the vast majority of people, even the most athletic individuals, unable to perform basic motor tasks without pain or difficulty?

Why are physically active people still dealing with lack of mobility and chronic injury?

Whether you are a casual exerciser or an elite athlete, you will learn how to preserve and maintain your body with over 300 exercises designed to improve mobility, facilitate recovery, reduce pain, and activate muscles. Utilize the self-tests to assess your current level of mobility, and then choose from over 50 prescriptive training routines that can be used as is or customized to target specific functional chains. You’ll find exercise recommendations based on body region, activity, and primary goal, and you’ll learn to incorporate a variety of techniques and popular equipment, including resistance bands, foam rollers, massage balls, and stability balls.

The Modern Art and Science of Mobility provides a stunning visual presentation with over 1,200 photos and 100 original illustrations by Stéphane Ganneau. His illustrations highlight the muscles with precision, and his avant-garde style and the harmony of colors give this book a unique graphic signature.

Mobility is the foundation for training your best and feeling your best. The Modern Art and Science of Mobility will help you do just that by helping you to alleviate pain, improve posture, and release muscle tension for a more comfortable and enjoyable quality of life.
Are they ready? Moderators of the correlation between work affect and job
satisfaction felt by teachers of inclusive and special schools
Authors: Otrębski Wojciech
Published: March 2022

Background

The study aimed to determine to what extent emotions experienced at work are predictors of the level of teachers’ job satisfaction. The moderating role of the type of school – inclusive and special – for this correlation was also analysed.

Participants and procedure

The study involved 214 teachers at three levels of inclusive and special schools (primary, middle and high) attended by pupils with special educational needs. The respondents represented various age groups. The study used the Work Affect Scale and the Satisfaction with Job Scale.

Results

The results clearly suggest that the emotions teachers experience at work are a strong predictor of their job satisfaction – positive emotions imply high job satisfaction whereas negative emotions imply low job satisfaction. This regularity exists in both the responding teacher groups. It was determined that the type of an institution does not significantly affect the above predictive attribute of organizational work affect.

Conclusions

Positive work-related emotions and average and high job satisfaction felt by ca. 2/3 of the responding inclusive and special school teachers suggest that both these groups are fully ready for high-quality education for all.
Visual snow: a neuro-ophthalmic syndrome
Authors: Albano Valeria , Guerriero Silvana , Alessio Giovanni
Published: March 2022

Background: The visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a rare disease characterized by persistent positive visual phenomena that are enigmatic and may be underestimated. It manifests as the perception of tiny, simultaneous, diffuse, and mobile dots frequently throughout the visual field. Although it affects brain networks, ocular examination is also indicated. This paper was aimed to review recent studies on VSS to identify the best clinical approach.

Methods: In this narrative review, PubMed/Medline, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Embase were searched using the following terms: “Visual snow”, “Persistent aura”, “Persistent positive visual phenomena”, “Visual aura”, “Migraine”, “TV static”, “Migraine aura status”, and “Visual disturbance”. We searched relevant publications from January 2014 to January 2021 to find the best clinical approach.

Results: VSS may be reconstituted as a distinct entity, although the symptoms may be consistent with typical migraine visual aura. For approximately two-thirds of patients, symptoms worsen and reduce their ability for activities of daily living. It often causes psychogenic detriment of the patient and their capacity to function socially and vocationally. Comprehensive history-taking and ocular examination are required to rule out other causes. However, all ocular and radiological findings may be normal.

Conclusions: VSS is a neuro-ophthalmic disorder characterized by continuous chronic and recurrent visual disturbances that involve the entire visual field and may respond to empiric antimigraine or anti-seizure treatments. It may reduce the ability for activities of daily living; therefore, proper diagnosis by eye care professionals is necessary to determine its diagnosis and management.
Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of Sepsis in Adults
Authors: Haas Robyn , McGill Sarah C.
Published: March 2022

Horizon Scan reports provide brief summaries of information regarding new and emerging health technologies; Heath Technology Update articles typically focus on a single device or intervention.

These technologies are identified through the CADTH Horizon Scanning Service as topics of potential interest to health care decision-makers in Canada.

This Horizon Scan summarizes the available information regarding an emerging technology, artificial intelligence algorithms, for the prediction of sepsis in adults.
Occurrence and growth of sub-50 nm aerosol particles in the Amazonian boundary layer
Authors: Franco Marco A. , Ditas Florian , Kremper Leslie A. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Andreae Meinrat O. , Araújo Alessandro , Barbosa Henrique M. J. , de Brito Joel F. , Carbone Samara , Holanda Bruna A. , Morais Fernando G. , Nascimento Janaína P. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Rizzo Luciana V. , Sá Marta , Saturno Jorge , Walter David , Wolff Stefan , Pöschl Ulrich , Artaxo Paulo , Pöhlker Christopher
Published: March 2022

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF), referring to the nucleation of molecular clusters and their subsequent growth into the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) size range, is a globally significant and climate-relevant source of atmospheric aerosols. Classical NPF exhibiting continuous growth from a few nanometers to the Aitken mode around 60–70 nm is widely observed in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) around the world but not in central Amazonia. Here, classical NPF events are rarely observed within the PBL, but instead, NPF begins in the upper troposphere (UT), followed by downdraft injection of sub-50 nm (CN<50) particles into the PBL and their subsequent growth. Central aspects of our understanding of these processes in the Amazon have remained enigmatic, however. Based on more than 6 years of aerosol and meteorological data from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO; February 2014 to September 2020), we analyzed the diurnal and seasonal patterns as well as meteorological conditions during 254 of such Amazonian growth events on 217 event days, which show a sudden occurrence of particles between 10 and 50 nm in the PBL, followed by their growth to CCN sizes. The occurrence of events was significantly higher during the wet season, with 88 % of all events from January to June, than during the dry season, with 12 % from July to December, probably due to differences in the condensation sink (CS), atmospheric aerosol load, and meteorological conditions. Across all events, a median growth rate (GR) of 5.2 nm h−1 and a median CS of 1.1 × 10−3 s−1 were observed. The growth events were more frequent during the daytime (74 %) and showed higher GR (5.9 nm h−1) compared to nighttime events (4.0 nm h−1), emphasizing the role of photochemistry and PBL evolution in particle growth. About 70 % of the events showed a negative anomaly of the equivalent potential temperature (Δθe′) – as a marker for downdrafts – and a low satellite brightness temperature (Tir) – as a marker for deep convective clouds – in good agreement with particle injection from the UT in the course of strong convective activity. About 30 % of the events, however, occurred in the absence of deep convection, partly under clear-sky conditions, and with a positive Δθe′ anomaly. Therefore, these events do not appear to be related to downdraft transport and suggest the existence of other currently unknown sources of sub-50 nm particles.
Changes in anthropogenic precursor emissions drive shifts in the ozone seasonal cycle throughout the northern midlatitude troposphere
Authors: Bowman Henry , Turnock Steven , Bauer Susanne E. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Deushi Makoto , Oshima Naga , O'Connor Fiona M. , Horowitz Larry , Wu Tongwen , Zhang Jie , Kubistin Dagmar , Parrish David D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Simulations by six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Earth system models indicate
that the seasonal cycle of baseline tropospheric ozone at northern
midlatitudes has been shifting since the mid-20th century. Beginning in
∼ 1940, the magnitude of the seasonal cycle increased by
∼10 ppb (measured from seasonal minimum to maximum), and the
seasonal maximum shifted to later in the year by about 3 weeks. This shift
maximized in the mid-1980s, followed by a reversal – the seasonal cycle
decreased in amplitude and the maximum shifted back to earlier in the year.
Similar changes are seen in measurements collected from the 1970s to the
present. The timing of the seasonal cycle changes is generally concurrent
with the rise and fall of anthropogenic emissions that followed
industrialization and the subsequent implementation of air quality emission
controls. A quantitative comparison of the temporal changes in the ozone
seasonal cycle at sites in both Europe and North America with the temporal
changes in ozone precursor emissions across the northern midlatitudes
found a high degree of similarity between these two temporal patterns. We
hypothesize that changing precursor emissions are responsible for the shift
in the ozone seasonal cycle; this is supported by the absence of such
seasonal shifts in southern midlatitudes where anthropogenic emissions are
much smaller. We also suggest a mechanism by which changing emissions drive
the changing seasonal cycle: increasing emissions of NOx allow
summertime photochemical production of ozone to become more important than
ozone transported from the stratosphere, and increasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) lead to
progressively greater photochemical ozone production in the summer months,
thereby increasing the amplitude of the seasonal ozone cycle. Decreasing
emissions of both precursor classes then reverse these changes. The
quantitative parameter values that characterize the seasonal shifts provide
useful benchmarks for evaluating model simulations, both against
observations and between models.
The NO2 camera based on gas correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Kuhn Leon , Kuhn Jonas , Wagner Thomas , Platt Ulrich
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Spectroscopic methods have proven to be reliable and of high selectivity by utilizing the characteristic spectral absorption signature of trace gases such as NO2. However, they typically lack the spatiotemporal resolution required for real-time imaging measurements of NO2 emissions. We propose imaging measurements of NO2 in the visible spectral range using a novel instrument, an NO2 camera based on the principle of gas correlation spectroscopy (GCS). For this purpose two gas cells (cuvettes) are placed in front of two camera modules. One gas cell is empty, while the other is filled with a high concentration of the target gas. The filled gas cell operates as a non-dispersive spectral filter to the incoming light, maintaining the two-dimensional imaging capability of the sensor arrays. NO2 images are generated on the basis of the signal ratio between the two images in the spectral window between 430 and 445 nm, where the NO2 absorption cross section is strongly structured. The capabilities and limits of the instrument are investigated in a numerical forward model. The predictions of this model are verified in a proof-of-concept measurement, in which the column densities in specially prepared reference cells were measured with the NO2 camera and a conventional differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument. Finally, results from measurements at a large power plant, the Großkraftwerk Mannheim (GKM), are presented. NO2 column densities of the plume emitted from a GKM chimney are quantified at a spatiotemporal resolution of 1/12 frames per second (FPS) and 0.9 m×0.9 m. A detection limit of 2⋅1016 molec. cm−2 was reached. An NO2 mass flux of Fm=(7.4±4.2) kg h−1 was estimated on the basis of wind speeds obtained from consecutive images. The instrument prototype is highly portable for building costs of below EUR 2000.
Spectral performance analysis of the Aeolus Fabry–Pérot and Fizeau interferometers during the first years of operation
Authors: Witschas Benjamin , Lemmerz Christian , Lux Oliver , Marksteiner Uwe , Reitebuch Oliver , Weiler Fabian , Fabre Frederic , Dabas Alain , Flament Thomas , Huber Dorit , Vaughan Michael
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In August 2018, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the first Doppler wind lidar into space, which has since then been providing continuous
profiles of the horizontal line-of-sight wind component at a global scale. Aeolus data have been successfully assimilated into several numerical
weather prediction (NWP) models and demonstrated a positive impact on the quality of the weather forecasts. To provide valuable input data for NWP
models, a detailed characterization of the Aeolus instrumental performance as well as the realization and minimization of systematic error sources
is crucial. In this paper, Aeolus interferometer spectral drifts and their potential as systematic error sources for the aerosol and wind products
are investigated by means of instrument spectral registration (ISR) measurements that are performed on a weekly basis. During these measurements,
the laser frequency is scanned over a range of 11 GHz in steps of 25 MHz and thus spectrally resolves the transmission curves of the
Fizeau interferometer and the Fabry–Pérot interferometers (FPIs) used in Aeolus. Mathematical model functions are derived to analyze the
measured transmission curves by means of non-linear fit procedures. The obtained fit parameters are used to draw conclusions about the Aeolus
instrumental alignment and potentially ongoing drifts. The introduced instrumental functions and analysis tools may also be applied for upcoming
missions using similar spectrometers as for instance EarthCARE (ESA), which is based on the Aeolus FPI design.
Threshold in orbital forcing for Saharan greening lowers with rising levels of greenhouse gases
Authors: Duque-Villegas Mateo , Claussen Martin , Brovkin Victor , Kleinen Thomas
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Numerous climate archives reveal alternating arid and humid conditions in North Africa during the last several million years. Most likely the dry phases resembled current hyper-arid landscapes, whereas the wet phases known as African Humid Periods (AHPs) sustained much more surface water and greater vegetated areas that "greened" a large part of the Sahara region. Previous analyses of sediment cores from the Mediterranean Sea showed the last five AHPs differed in strength, duration and rate of change. To understand the causes of such differences we perform transient simulations of the past 190,000 years with Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2. We analyse amplitude and rate of change of the modelled AHPs responses to changes in orbital parameters, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ice sheets. In agreement with estimates from Mediterranean sapropels, we find the model predicts a threshold in orbital forcing for Sahara greening and occurrence of AHPs. Maximum rates of change in simulated vegetation extent at AHP onset and termination correlate well with the rate of change of the orbital forcing. As suggested by available data for the Holocene AHP, the onset of modelled AHPs happens usually faster than termination. A factor separation analysis confirms the dominant role of the orbital forcing in driving the amplitude of precipitation and vegetation extent for past AHPs. Forcing due to changes in GHGs and ice sheets is only of secondary importance, with a small contribution from synergies with the orbital forcing. Via the factor separation we detect that the threshold in orbital forcing for AHP onset varies with GHGs levels. To explore the implication of our finding from the palaeoclimate simulations for the AHPs that might occur in a greenhouse gas-induced warmer climate, we extend the palaeoclimate simulations into the future. For the next 100,000 years the variations in orbital forcing will be smaller than during the last hundred millennia, and the insolation threshold for the onset of late Quaternary AHPs will not be crossed. However, with higher GHGs concentrations the predicted threshold drops considerably. Thereby, the occurrence of AHPs in upcoming millennia appears to crucially depend on future concentrations of GHGs.
High-resolution aerosol concentration data from the Greenland NorthGRIP and NEEM deep ice cores
Authors: Erhardt Tobias , Bigler Matthias , Federer Urs , Gfeller Gideon , Leuenberger Daiana , Stowasser Olivia , Röthlisberger Regine , Schüpbach Simon , Ruth Urs , Twarloh Birthe , Wegner Anna , Goto-Azuma Kumiko , Kuramoto Takayuki , Kjær Helle A. , Vallelonga Paul T. , Siggaard-Andersen Marie-Louise , Hansson Margareta E. , Benton Ailsa K. , Fleet Louise G. , Mulvaney Rob , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Abram Nerilie , Stocker Thomas F. , Fischer Hubertus
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Records of chemical impurities from ice cores enable us to reconstruct the past deposition of aerosols onto polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.
Through this they allow us to gain insight into changes of the source, transport and deposition processes that ultimately determine the deposition flux at the coring location. However, the low concentrations of the aerosol species in the ice and the resulting high risk of contamination pose a formidable analytical challenge, especially if long, continuous and highly resolved records are needed. Continuous flow analysis, CFA, the continuous melting, decontamination and analysis of ice-core samples has mostly overcome this issue and has quickly become the de facto standard to obtain high-resolution aerosol records from ice cores after its inception at the University of Bern in the mid-1990s. Here, we present continuous records of calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and electrolytic conductivity at 1 mm depth resolution from the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) and NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) ice cores produced by the Bern Continuous Flow Analysis group in the years 2000 to 2011 (Erhardt et al., 2021). Both of the records were previously used in a number of studies but were never published in full 1 mm resolution. Alongside the 1 mm datasets we provide decadal averages, a detailed description of the methods, relevant references, an assessment of the quality of the data and its usable resolution. Along the way we will also give some historical context on the development of the Bern CFA system. The data is available in full 1 mm and 10-year-averaged resolution on PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935838, Erhardt et al., 2021)
Reproductive Justice: Impulse für intersektionale Bevölkerungsgeographien
Authors: Hübl Susanne
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Black women are three to four times more likely to die during childbirth than white women. Research in population geography and demography highlight factors such as educational background or access to health services as social determinants of fertility, to better understand these reproductive inequalities. Notwithstanding these determinants are key causes for reproductive outcomes, the question of how these determinants are embedded in global power relations remains mainly unresolved. As a feminist science intervention, this article develops two impetuses for a power-sensitive, intersectional knowledge production in the field of population geographies. Therefore, the article cursorily refers to current activist protests in the name of reproductive justice, a concept developed by black feminists in the US. It argues that a multi-scalar analysis of reproductive relations helps to shift the focus from the demographic question „who is born?“ to „how are life chances unevenly distributed?“.
Reproductive justice suggests that smaller scales such as the body or the
womb constitute helpful analytical entry points to disentangle the powerful
webs, within which reproductive outcomes are embedded. Finally, the article
outlines a future research design towards geographies of reproductive
justice.
GOBLIN version 1.0: a land balance model to identify national agriculture and land use pathways to climate neutrality via backcasting
Authors: Duffy​​​​​ Colm , Prudhomme Remi , Duffy Brian , Gibbons James , O'Donoghue Cathal , Ryan Mary , Styles David
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Paris Agreement commits 197 countries to achieve climate stabilisation at a global average surface temperature less than 2 ∘C
above pre-industrial times using nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to demonstrate progress. Numerous industrialised economies have targets
to achieve territorial climate neutrality by 2050, primarily in the form of “net zero” greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, particular
uncertainty remains over the role of countries' agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sectors for reasons including the potential trade-offs
between GHG mitigation and food security, a non-zero emission target for methane as a short-lived GHG, and the requirement for AFOLU to act as a net sink to
offset residual emissions from other sectors. These issues are represented at a coarse level in integrated assessment models (IAMs) that indicate
the role of AFOLU in global pathways towards climate stabilisation. However, there is an urgent need to determine appropriate AFOLU management
strategies at a national level within NDCs. Here, we present a new model designed to evaluate detailed AFOLU scenarios at national scale using the
example of Ireland, where approximately 40 % of national GHG emissions originate from AFOLU. GOBLIN (General Overview for a Backcasting approach
of Livestock INtensification) is designed to run randomised scenarios of agricultural activities and land use combinations within biophysical
constraints (e.g. available land area, livestock productivities, fertiliser-driven grass yields, and forest growth rates). Using AFOLU emission
factors from national GHG inventory reporting, GOBLIN calculates annual GHG emissions out to the selected target year for each
scenario (2050 in this case). The long-term dynamics of forestry are represented up to 2120 so that scenarios can also be evaluated against the Paris Agreement
commitment to achieve a balance between emissions and removals over the second half of the 21st century. Filtering randomised scenarios according to
compliance with specific biophysical definitions (GHG time series) of climate neutrality will provide scientific boundaries for appropriate
long-term actions within NDCs. We outline the rationale and methodology behind the development of GOBLIN, with an emphasis on biophysical linkages
across food production, GHG emissions, and carbon sinks at a national level. We then demonstrate how GOBLIN can be applied to evaluate different
scenarios in relation to a few possible simple definitions of “climate neutrality”, discussing opportunities and limitations.
A local model of snow–firn dynamics and application to the Colle Gnifetti site
Authors: Banfi Fabiola , De Michele Carlo
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The regulating role of glaciers in catchment run-off is of
fundamental importance in sustaining people living in low-lying
areas. The reduction in glacierized areas under the effect of
climate change disrupts the distribution and amount of run-off,
threatening water supply, agriculture and hydropower. The prediction
of these changes requires models that integrate hydrological,
nivological and glaciological processes. In this work we propose a
local model that combines the nivological and glaciological
scales. The model describes the formation and evolution of the
snowpack and the firn below it, under the influence of temperature,
wind speed and precipitation. The model has been implemented in two
versions: (1) a multi-layer one that considers separately each firn
layer and (2) a single-layer one that models firn and underlying
glacier ice as a single layer. The model was applied at the site of
Colle Gnifetti (Monte Rosa massif, 4400–4550 ma.s.l.). We
obtained an average reduction in annual snow accumulation due to
wind erosion of 2×103 kgm-2yr-1 to be
compared with a mean annual precipitation of about
2.7×103 kgm-2yr-1. The conserved
accumulation is made up mainly of snow deposited between April and
September, when temperatures above the melting point are also observed.
End-of-year snow density, instead, increased an average of
65 kg m−3 when the contribution of wind to snow compaction
was added. Observations show a high spatial and interannual
variability in the characteristics of snow and firn at the site and
a correlation of net balance with radiation and the number of melt
layers. The computation of snowmelt in the model as a sole
function of air temperature may therefore be one of the reasons for
the observed mismatch between model and observations.