bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Psikoedukasi Seks Pranikah untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Seks Bebas Pada Siswa SMP Ditinjau dari Tipe Kepribadian
Authors: Indana Finanin Nur , Noviekayati IGAA , Saragih Sahat
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas psikoedukasi seks pranikah dalam menurunkan perilaku seks bebas pada siswa SMP ditinjau dari tipe kepribadian (introvert maupun ekstrovert). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment dengan teknik one group pre-test post-test. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Darul Hikmah Mojosari, sebanyak 54 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan paired sample t-test. Hipotesis pertama berbunyi terdapat pengaruh psikoedukasi seks pranikah untuk menurunkan perilaku seks bebas pada siswa SMP Darul Hikmah, diterima. Hipotesis kedua berbunyi terdapat perbedaan signifikan penurunan seks bebas ditinjau dari tipe kepribadian setelah dilakukan psikoedukasi seks pranikah, diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian psikoedukasi seks pranikah dapat menurunkan perilaku seks bebas pada siswa SMP Darul Hikmah. Pemberian psikoedukasi seks pranikah lebih efektif digunakan untuk menurunkan perilaku seks bebas pada siswa SMP Darul Hikmah yang memiliki tipe kepribadian ekstrovet.
Efek Kertas Warna Kuning Terhadap Memori Eksplisit
Authors: Putra Sudrajad Yudo , Purwaningtyas Endah K
Published: April 2019

Penggunaan kitab kuning pada pesantren, khususnya di Tambakberas Jombang memberikan keunikan tersendiri dalam hal belajar. Perbedaan lembaga pendidikan yang banyak menggunakan kertas warna putih menjadikan penggunaan kertas warna kuning sesuatu yang unik. Warna kuning memberikan kesan psikis menyenangkan. Kesan ini termasuk dalam emosi yang positif. Emosi yang positif akan mempengaruhi kinerja otak dalam ranah tugas-tugas kognitif seperti memori. Sehingga emosi yang positif akan mempengaruhi memori. Sehingga penggunaan kertas warna kuning akan mempengaruhi memori. Metode penelitiannya menggunakan eksperimen dengan metode pengumpulan berupa soal yang berisi kata-kata. Menggunakan analisis kovarian dengan nilai signifikansi 0,009, dan uji-t dengan nilai signifikansi 0,425. Hasil analisis ini pengaruh kertas warna kuning terhadap memori eksplisit diterima dengan adanya pre-tes/pengulangan. Kesimpulannya adalah Penggunaan kertas warna kuning dapat mempengaruhi memori eksplisit dengan adanya pre-tes/pengulangan. Sehingga, kegiatan belajar seperti membaca akan lebih berpengaruh menggunakan kertas warna kuning. Alasannya adalah emosi yang ditimbulkan oleh warna kuning memberikan dampak pada tugas-tugas kognitif. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah pengajar maupun pelajar untuk menggunakan kertas warna kuning dalam mencatat dan membaca ketika belajar.
Fatherless in indonesia and its impact on children’s psychological development
Authors: Ashari Yulinda
Published: April 2019

The power of the child's personality is the result of good parenting and handling by both of parents. If one is absent, there will be an imbalance to child psychological development. The fatherless concept itself can be interpreted as the absence of a father figure in the nurturing process. Then known the "fatherless", "father absence", "father loss" or "father hunger". The fatherless issue has become an international problem, including in Indonesia. Most cases in Western countries are the absence of fathers due to unmarried fathers and mothers, it’s different with Indonesia's problems, the fathers and mothers are married, but the execution of the parenting tasks is neglected or unfulfilled. Many children have a physical father but at the same time fatherless psychologically. It seems the traditional parenting pattern in Indonesia that the role of mother is taking care of the child at home and father is working to earn a living is still believed without further meaning. Father contributes importantly to the development of the child, the experience with father will affect a child to adulthood later. Father has influences in some special areas of child development, which teaches freedom, expands children's view, firm discipline, and role models of male. It is hypothesized that fatherless will give negative impact to psychological development of children. The literature reviews is used to support the hypothesized in this paper.
ЗБИРКА НОВЕЛА ЗИД ЖАН-ПОЛ САРТРА КАО СИМБОЛ НЕМОГУЋНОСТИ ОСТВАРИВАЊА СЛОБОДЕ
Authors: Јанић Софија С.
Published: April 2019

Зид, једина збирка новела Жан-Пол Сартра, садржи главне елементе његове филозофије: бесмисао егзистенције, концепте самообмане и пакла других те агонију коју изазива терет слободног избора. Немогућност остваривања слободе, чији узроци леже у бекству од егзистенције и комплексном односу са другим који представља препреку ка остварењу аутентичности појединца – тема је овог рада. Свака новела представља вид бекства од егзистенције, бекства која су увек неуспешна јер су заустављена зидом. Ослањајући се на постулате Сартровог егзистенцијализма, рад истражује на који начин су ликови збирке, изоловани и од себе и од других, одрази његове филозофије. Полазна тачка рада је Сартрова идеја да је књижевност облик уништења света у којем је немогуће живети. Зид и јесте деструктиван јер уништава буржоаску концепцију света. Грађански морал представља као лажан пошто служи као препрека слободном испољавању појединца, егзистенцију као апсурдну пошто је коначна, а човекову суштину као непостојећу. За Достојевског све је дозвољено ако бог не постоји. За Сартра ако је сувишно.
БЕСЕДА КАО ТЕЛО: О ЕСТЕТИЦИ ТЕКСТУАЛНОГ ЗАДОВОЉСТВА
Authors: Булатовић Марија М.
Published: April 2019

Пошавши од Сократове тврдње у Платоновом дијалогу Федар или о Лепоти, која гласи да је свака беседа састављена као живо биће, чија је целовитост, функција и естетска димензија представљена кроз органицистичку метафору тела, уочава се веза са савременим књижевно-теоријским поставкама о узајамном еросу текста и читаоца, односно реципијента. Сократовска представа беседе, односно текста, као тела пронашла је своје потоње утемељење у каснијим, нешто измењеним, књижевним теоријама, као што је концепт текста Ролана Барта (Roland Barthes) као par excellence еротског тела у којем се, као у наслади, ужива. Преко обједињујуће идеје о текстуалној телесности, у предстојећем раду се, кроз феномен ероса текста, покушава објаснити однос текста и реципијента путем довођења у везу Мерло-Понтијеве (Maurice Merleau-Ponty) идеје о феноменологији речи и статуса израза и Бартове идеје о тексту као задовољственом објекту. Циљ рада јесте да се путем Мерло-Понтијевих импликација о корпореалности свести и интенционалности тела тумаченим у блиској спрези са Бартовом теоријском позицијом о тексту као фетишу који нас жели, заводи и обистињује се као „списак језичких ватри” дође до плодоносног разумевања чина читања/слушања као својеврсног задовољственог доживљаја, односно – да се, у комуникацији Мерло-Понтијеве и Бартове теоријске позиције, покуша разумети телесна структура беседе, као и однос говорника, естетске ауре тела беседе и њеног ефекта на публикум.
La puntuación en documentos novohispanos. Una mirada descriptiva
Authors: Delgado García Maribel
Published: April 2019

La historia de la puntuación durante el periodo Colonial cuenta con pocos estudios. Así, Juan Martínez Marín (1992) apenas alude a ellos, igual que los manuales de paleografía. Ramón Santiago en 1998 realiza uno muy completo presentando a los más destacados gramáticos y ortógrafos de los siglos XVI y XVII, mostrando el papel de la ortografía y de la puntuación en esos siglos. Revisando la Orthographia de López de Velasco (1582) hemos encontrado que es uno de los primeros gramáticos que dedica una ‘segunda parte’ de su estudio para detallar la puntuación. Declara que es de gran importancia saber puntuar un texto, y aunque considera que prevalece puntuar un impreso, asienta que también interesa para la escritura de mano. En este estudio se presenta una descripción delos signos de puntuación empleados en siete documentos del siglo XVI, con diversa diatopía y distinto registro, basados principalmente en los usos que refiere López de Velasco. Entre los usos se identifican de tipo prosódico, sintáctico y semántico: indicar pausa para respirar, separar cláusulas, oponer contenido, introducir explicativas, indicar inicio y fin de periodo. Registrando mayor variedad de signos en documentosformales, con signos y usos comunes a la Península y a Nueva España, con preferencia por la función sobre la forma.
Los procesos fonológicos de elisión y sustitución en el corpus Pressea-Medellín
Authors: González-Rátiva María Claudia
Published: April 2019

Este artículo presenta el análisis variacionista de los procesos fonológicos de elisión y sustitución presentes en 36 entrevistas semidirigidas del Corpus Preseea-Medellín. Se comprueba la hipótesis de que los procesos fonológicos están condicionados por factores internos a través del análisis de regresión múltiple realizado con el programa estadístico GoldVarb. Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de los procesos fonológicos de elisión y sustitución guardan una relación multicausal, especialmente con factores de tipo semántico como la funcionalidad y la homofonía y aspectos de nivel fonológico como el entorno segmental de palabra, el número de sílabas, la homorganicidad y el acento. La interpretación de losdatos da cuenta de que las variables internas son las que guían el procesamiento del lenguaje para la estructuración léxica en la posibilidad variable de elidir o sustituir una posición fonológica en la cadena fónica. Estos patrones responden a restricciones del orden de la transparencia semántica y la evasión de la similitud en mayor medida para colaborar con la comprensión del mensaje. En este sentido, la variedad medellinense de habla coopera con la comprensión del mensaje en el uso de la lengua.
'El hotel está muy cercas de la playa', o la falsa pluralización del adverbio 'cerca' en el español de México
Authors: Pato Enrique , Casanova Vanessa
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo ofrece una nueva visión de la forma adverbial cercas, propia del español de México, así como de las creencias sociales asociadas a su uso, aceptabilidad y distribución geográfica. En primer lugar, se presenta una descripción general de este adverbio, su comportamiento gramatical y sus valores, así como la documentación histórica del fenómeno, que sugiere un auge y empleo modernos en español. Se sostiene que esta forma no se trata de una ‘pluralización’ del adverbio cerca, sino que es el resultado de un proceso de analogía morfológica, tal y como ha ocurrido con otros adverbios con -s (quizá > quizás). Los datos recogidos en la encuesta realizada en línea (respondida por 848 hablantes nativos mexicanos) demuestran que: a) el adverbio cercas es una forma estigmatizada en el español mexicano; b) quienes la rechazan (83 % de los informantes que reconocieron su existencia) aducen razones normativas, educativas o sociolectales; c) la mayoría de los informantes que hacen uso de esta forma son jóvenes (18-30 años), hablantes que tradicionalmente suelen apartarse de la norma estándar; d) el 58 % de los participantes considera que las formas cerca y cercas presentan un significado diferente, aunque se constata la falta de fijación del sentido de cercas; para el 42 % restante se trataría de un mismo adverbio con distintas formas (diferenciadas por la presencia del sufijo adverbial -s); y e) al correlacionar los datos sociodemográficos (edad, sexo) con las respuestas sobre la aceptación, el uso y los valores del adverbio cercas, se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
Sufijos gentilicios en el español de México. Rivalidad y restricciones de aplicabilidad
Authors: Esquivel Brizuela Shaila Lisett
Published: April 2019

Existe la idea de que no hay factores que incidan en la selección del sufijo al formar gentilicios, lo que equivale a decir que se encuentran en distribución libre. La Nueva gramática de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española afirma que no se puede prever el sufijo elegido en la formación de adjetivos gentilicios a partir de cada nombre de lugar (2010: 533). Por el contrario, en esta investigación presento un análisis en el cual se establece que sí existen ciertos factores que favorecen la elección de algunos sufijos. Estos son los factores estructurales y contextuales que definen la rivalidad entre los sufijos formadores de gentilicios. Para este propósito sigo la propuesta de análisis de Zacarías (2010, 2016a) que señala distinciones entre esquemas rivales. Mi estudio se desarrolla a partir de un corpus morfológico del cual extraje los sufijos más productivos en la actualidad: -ense, -eño, -ero, -eco, -ano, -ino. El sufijo más productivo, de acuerdo con los datos, es el sufijo -ense, el cual, posiblemente sea el que los hablantes toman de manera predeterminada. En este trabajo presento los factores que hacen de este sufijo el preferido en el español de México y establezco los criterios que explican la selección de cada uno de los sufijos.
Los japonesismos bélicos y gubernamentales
Authors: Fernández Mata Rafael
Published: April 2019

Dentro del grupo de japonesismos utilizados en el español actual, los japonesismos bélicos y gubernamentales constituyen la tercera mayor área referencial (10 voces de un total de 92 ítems). En el presente artículo se pretende, por primera vez en la lengua española, realizar un estudio exhaustivo de los japonesismos bélicos y gubernamentales, atendiendo a dife­rentes parámetros lingüísticos (formal, semántico e histórico), además de indicar su grado de adaptación al inventario léxico del español.
Los japonesismos artísticos
Authors: Fernández Mata Rafael
Published: April 2019

En el conjunto de japonesismos utilizados en el español actual, los japonesismos artísticos forman la cuarta mayor área referencial (8 ítems de un total de 92 vocablos). En el presente artículo se pretende, por primera vez en la lengua española, realizar un estudio exhaustivo de los japonesismos relativos al Arte, atendiendo a diferentes parámetros lingüísticos (formal, semántico e histórico), además de indicar su grado de adaptación al inventario léxico del español.
Evolución de las colocaciones causativas emocionales del latín al español
Authors: Jiménez Martínez María Isabel , Melis Chantal
Published: April 2019

En el español actual el verbo dar es el preferido para aparecer en colocaciones emocionales con valor causativo del tipo de dar alegría o dar pena. En épocas anteriores, sin embargo, con antecedentes que se remontan al latín, las mismas construcciones admitían otros verbos, en particular, hacer y poner. En el presente trabajo, rastreamos la evolución de algunas colocaciones causativas emocionales con estos tres verbos desde el siglo xiii hasta el siglo xx, prestando especial atención a los cambios que tuvieron lugar en la transición del latín a la lengua romance. Desde esta perspectiva, destaca el uso innovador de poner con el sentido de ‘causar una emoción’, atribuible, en nuestra propuesta, a la pervivencia en español de un patrón combinatorio fuertemente asentado en la lengua latina que facilitó el deslizamiento semántico e impulsó la rivalidad con dar en las colocaciones analizadas a lo largo de varios siglos.
Historia editorial y pervivencia en la era digital de un tratado científico en lengua española. Apuntes sobre el Especifico nuevamente descubierto en el reyno de Goatemala, para la curacion radical del horrible mal del cancro, y otros mas frecuentes (1782) de José Flores y sus ediciones italianas (1784, 1785)
Authors: Dal Maso Elena
Published: April 2019

Con el fin de estudiar la divulgación de los saberes autóctonos de las Indias Occidentales en la farmacoterapia europea de la Edad Moderna, en el presente artículo se aborda el análisis del Especifico nuevamente descubierto en el Reyno de Goatemala, para la curacion radical del horrible mal del cancro, y otros mas frecuentes (1782) de José Flores, privilegiando dos líneas de investigación: en primer lugar, la historia editorial del folleto en vista de las nuevas impresiones y traducciones que se publicaron en Europa y América; en segundo lugar, la pervivencia de las ediciones españolas (1782a, 1782b, 1783) e italianas (1784, 1785) en la actualidad, mediante el examen de los ejemplares digitalizados presentes en bibliotecas virtuales de ambos continentes
La deixis y la anáfora como herramientas del discurso judicial en la Nueva España en el siglo XVI
Authors: Mora Peralta Idanely
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo es una contribución al estudio de las estructuras indiciales en la documentación colonial. Me propongo analizar cuáles fueron las formas deícticas y anafóricas más recurrentes que emplearon los secretarios de la Santa Inquisición para elaborar el discurso jurídico de los años treinta en el siglo xvi, a partir del examen directo de cuatro expedientes que rescaté del Archivo General de la Nación, México. El estudio me permitirá demostrar, por un lado, cuáles son los motivos que mueven al redactor para que haga uso de estos recursos a la hora de establecer referencias situacionales o contextuales, por el otro, confirmar que estas estructuras son pieza clave para actualizar la información contenida en el texto jurídico, así como para evitar la ambigüedad.
GAYRİ RESMİ İLETİŞİMİN ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: MERT İbrahim Sani , BEKMEZCİ Mustafa , EROĞLUER Kemal
Published: April 2019

Her başarının temelinde iletişim bulunmaktadır. İnsanların
karşılıklı iş birliği içinde çalışabilmesi birbirleri ile iletişim kurmasına
bağlıdır. Örgütteki iletişim, resmi ve gayri resmi iletişim olmak üzere ikiye
ayrılır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; çalışanların kurduğu gayri resmi iletişimin
örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Literatürde resmi
iletişimin yetersizliğinin örgütsel bağlılığı olumsuz yönde etkilediğine dair
araştırmalar mevcuttur. Ancak gayri resmi iletişimin örgütsel bağlılığı nasıl
etkilediğine dair bir araştırmaya rastlanmamıştır. Araştırma kapsamında gayri resmi
iletişim durumunu tespit etmek maksadıyla çalışanların örgütün farklı
kademelerinde çalışan ve kendilerine göre üst, as ve eşit seviyede olan diğer çalışanlarla
ve aynı örgütre çalışmayan ama iş gereği iletişimde olan kişilerle iş tanımı
dışında sosyal amaçlı görüşüp görüşmediği sorulmuştur. Ayrıca gayri resmi
iletişimin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisinin çalışılan sektör ve departmana
göre anlamlı farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı araştırılmıştır. Kamuda ve özel
sektörde çalışan 405 kişiden toplanan verilerin analizi neticesinde; gayri
resmi iletişimin örgütsel bağlılığı olumlu etkilediği ve bu etkinin çalışılan departman
ve sektöre göre farklılaştırmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
The Current Intervention Studies Based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wei Holly , Fazzone Patricia Anne , Sitzman Kathleen , Hardin Sonya Renae
Published: April 2019

This article reviewed 19 intervention studies based on Watson's Human Caring Theory between January 2005 and February 2018. The studies reviewed targeted on promoting patients', nurses', and nursing students' psychological health and patient care experiences. Most (15/19; 78.95%) of the studies in this review indicated that Watson's caring science-based interventions could decrease patients' emotional strains, increase patients' self-management confidence and emotional well-being, increase nurses' job satisfaction and engagement, and improve nursing students' confidence in the clinical performance and the awareness of caring behaviors. Nursing is a discipline that requires both scientific knowledge and the art of human caring.
GROWTH PARAMETERS AND YIELD PER RECRUIT ANALYSIS FOR THE ARMOURED CATFISH Pterygoplichthys pardalis SAMPLED IN THE LOW REACH OF THE AMAZONAS RIVER
Authors: SOUSA Raniere Garcez Costa , OLIVEIRA Cidiane Melo , SANT'ANNA Igor Rechetnicow Alves , MARSHALL Bruce Gavin , FREITAS Carlos Edwar de Carvalho
Published: April 2019

Armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis is an endemic fish from the Amazon basin (Brazil) and currently is the top ten target species in the regional fisheries. A total of 1200 samples were collected monthly from March 2011 to February 2012 with an average length of 28 Â± 2.57 cm and average weight of 441.57 Â± 103.37 g. The growth stock parameters for this species (Wt = 0.431227 * Lt2.08637; M = 0.93 year-1; F-Estimated = 0.91 year-1; F-10 = 3.02 year-1; A0.95 = 7.31 years; K = 0.41 year-1; Tr = Tc = 1.92 years; Lc = 21.14 cm; LâË†Å¾= 38.85 cm; WâË†Å¾ = 869.76 g) and exploitation rate (E-Estimated = 0.50; E-10= 0.80) reveal that its stocks are not being overfished in the study area. The baseline information obtained in this study can help support fisheries management strategies of P. pardalis, especially regarding the potential implementation of a policy to increase landings of individuals larger than 22.3 cm length. However, before making a final decision, it is necessary to carefully examine the available information and evidence aimed at sustainable fishing management and conservation of their stocks, which is of great cultural, social and economic importance for Amazonian peoples.
THE INTENSIVE CULTURE OF NILE TILAPIA SUPPLEMENTED WITH THE MICROALGAE Chlorella vulgaris IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM
Authors: De Araújo Marcele Trajano , Braga Ítalo Felipe Mascena , Cisneros Santiago Vega , Da Silva Suzianny Maria Bezerra Cabral , Galvez Alfredo Olivera , Correia Eudes de Souza
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings cultured in biofloc technology using different inoculation densities of Chlorella vulgaris. The experimental design was completely randomized with biofloc system and four densities of Chlorella vulgaris (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 x 104 cell mL-1), each with four replications. The study lasted 63 days and was carried out in tanks with a working volume of 40L, at a stocking density of 10 fish per experimental unit and a mean initial weight of approximately 1.86 g. The water quality variables showed no significant difference between treatments, especially total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, which were within acceptable levels for culture of the species. The variables of zootechnical performance were not affected by the different inoculation densities of the microalgae, achieving a final mean weight of approximately 21 g for all treatments, and survival rates greater than 80%. The weekly inoculation densities of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris therefore had no influence on the growth of tilapia fingerlings cultured in a biofloc system.
Новая технология культивирования черноморского гелидиума Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Беляев Б. Н. , Береговая Н. М.
Published: April 2019

Приведены результаты многолетних исследований условий культивирования красной черноморской водоросли Gelidium spinosum (Grev.) Born. et Thur. (Rhodophyta) в системах инженерного типа для повышения содержания в ней R-фикоэритрина. Защищённые патентами методики разработаны после изучения влияния на рост биомассы гелидиума ряда факторов (температура, освещённость и режим протока питательной среды, насыщаемой биогенами и углекислым газом) и способов борьбы с обрастаниями. Актуальность исследования определяется ценностью гелидиума как источника R-фикоэритрина ― натурального пигмента, пищевого красителя, а также мощного и дорогого антиоксиданта, используемого в иммунной диагностике, микроскопии и цитометрии. Цель работы ― оптимизировать условия культивирования черноморского гелидиума в береговых системах инженерного типа для увеличения выхода R-фикоэритрина с единицы площади культиваторов. В качестве материала использовали гелидиум из обрастаний скал и берегоукрепительных сооружений в районе Севастополя, который культивировали в лабораторной установке при температуре 15–27 °C и освещённости 10–25 клк в режиме 18 ч день : 6 ч ночь (06:00–00:00 и 00:00–06:00 соответственно) в вариациях протока питательной среды на основе фильтрованной черноморской воды с добавками поваренной соли, солей азота, фосфора, железа, магния и марганца. Урожай в экспериментах 2017 г. — (96,2 ± 8,8) г·м-2·сут-1 сырой массы гелидиума. При минимальном урожае 87,4 г·м-2, минимуме сухого вещества в 36 % и содержании в нём фикоэритрина до 12 мг·г-1 выход R-фикоэритрина составит 378,6 мг·м-2·сут-1. В перспективе береговая система культиваторов глубиной 0,5 м и зеркальной площадью в 1 га при её работе 300 дней в году позволит получать продукцию не менее 1100 кг R-фикоэритрина.
Рост и сроки получения товарной триплоидной устрицы в лимане Донузлав (Чёрное море, Крым)
Authors: Вялова О. Ю.
Published: April 2019

Исследованы особенности линейного и весового роста триплоидной молоди тихоокеанской устрицы Crassostrea gigas Т20 в условиях лимана Донузлав (Чёрное море, Крым). Дана количественная характеристика соотношений массы моллюска (W, г) и высоты (H, мм) раковины (взаимосвязь описывается уравнением W = 7 · 10-5 · Н3,1, R² = 0,78), а также массы моллюска (W, г) и длины (L, мм) раковины (W = 3 · 10-4 · L3,12, R² = 0,65). Максимальные скорости линейного роста триплоидных устриц Т20 отмечены в апреле (1,15 мм·сут-1), весового ― в июне (0,50 г·сут-1) и августе (0,61 г·сут-1). Показано, что молодь триплоидной устрицы C. gigas Т20 достигает товарных размеров уже через 6 месяцев после высадки. Рекомендовано использовать молодь Т20 в качестве посадочного материала на фермах Черноморского региона.
Микроцистины в литорали Куршского залива в 2017 г. по данным иммунохроматографического анализа
Authors: Смирнова М. М.
Published: April 2019

Присутствие гепатотоксичных цианотоксинов группы микроцистинов регистрируется в южной части Куршского залива ежегодно с 2010 г. Куршский залив имеет высокое рекреационное значение; национальный парк «Куршская коса» включён в список объектов Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО. Таким образом, потенциальная опасность для здоровья, обусловленная присутствием микроцистинов, ― неотъемлемая проблема этого района. Содержание микроцистинов в пробах воды из литоральной зоны определяли с помощью иммунохроматографических экспресс-тестов (Microcystin Strip Test, Abraxis Ltd). Пробы воды отбирали в мае ― ноябре 2017 г. дважды в месяц на шести прибрежных мониторинговых станциях. Впервые показано присутствие микроцистинов в летне-осенний период во всей литорали южной части Куршского залива в течение вегетационного периода. В мае микроцистины отсутствовали. Самые высокие значения (5–10 мкг·л-1) отмечены в конце июня и в сентябре на Куршской косе. За период наблюдений в 2017 г. микроцистины встречались реже и в меньших количествах, чем в 2011–2016 гг. В середине и конце октября микроцистины выявлены только дважды, на Куршской косе. На восточном и южном побережьях максимальное значение составляло 5 мкг·л-1 (отмечено один раз в конце сентября). В других пробах токсины не были обнаружены или их значения не превышали 2,5 мкг·л-1.
Can an allied health expanded scope Treatment Access Pathway (TAP) improve health outcomes for people with persistent pain? Study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vandermost Margaret Anne , Sterling Michele , Bagraith Karl , Kennedy Hannah , Doherty Darren , Kilner Simon
Published: April 2019

Background

Persistent pain is a public health crisis. Demand for services frequently exceeds supply and many individuals miss out on timely treatment resulting in longer than recommended wait times. The Interdisciplinary Persistent Pain Centre (IPPC) (Queensland, Australia) implemented a Treatment Access Pathway (TAP), an allied health first point of contact model of care to allow patients access to empirically supported allied health treatment without Pain Specialist assessment. The primary aim of this research project is to understand the clinical and cost effectiveness of TAP in a real-world setting. Method: Participants referred to the IPPC are randomly allocated to treatment or waitlist control groups and self-report and objective physical outcome measures are collected at baseline and 6 months’ time. A total of 196 patients will be recruited for the study (treatment group, n=98 and control group, n=98) to allow a 20% attrition rate to gain 156 participants for the study. Discussion: The results of this study will determine the clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness of the TAP as a model of care to inform future clinical decision making and program development. Ethics approval was provided by the Research Governance Office at Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service (RGOGCHHS) on the 19/10/2016 (HREC/16/QGC/156).
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Attenuation of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors (SHARC) Using Functional Electrical Stimulation-Lower Extremity Cycling in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury. Study Protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gorgey Ashraf , Khalil Refka E , Davis John C , Carter William , Gill Ranjodh , Rivers Jeannie , Khan Rehan , Goetz Lance , Castillo Teodoro , Lavis Timothy , Sima Adam , Lesnefsky Edward , Cardozo Christopher , Adler Robert A
Published: April 2019

Background
Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at heightened risks of developing unfavorable cardiometabolic consequences due to physical inactivity. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) and surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-resistance training (RT) have emerged as effective rehabilitation methods that can exercise muscles below the level of injury and attenuate cardio-metabolic risk factors. Our aims are to: determine the impact of 12 weeks of NMES+12 weeks of FES-Lower extremity cycling (LEC) compared to 12 weeks of passive movement + 12 weeks of FES-LEC on 1) oxygen uptake (VO2), insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal in adults with SCI; 2) skeletal muscle size, intramuscular fat (IMF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and; 3) determinants of energy metabolism, protein molecules involved in insulin signaling, muscle hypertrophy and oxygen uptake (IRS-1, AMPK, GLUT-4, IGF-1, mTOR, Akt and PGC-1 α) and electron transport chain (ETC) activities.
Methods/Design
Forty-eight persons aged 18-65 years with chronic (> 1 year) SCI/D (AIS A-C) at the C5-L2 levels, equally sub-grouped by cervical or sub-cervical injury levels and time since injury, will be randomized into either NMES+FES group or Passive + FES (control group). The NMES+FES group will undergo 12 weeks of evoked RT using twice-weekly NMES and ankle weights followed by twice-weekly progressive FES-LEC for an additional 12 weeks. The control group will undergo 12 weeks of passive movement followed by 12 weeks of progressive FES-LEC. Measurements will be performed at baseline (B; week 0), post-intervention 1 (P1; week 13) and post-intervention 2 (P2; week 25) and will include VO2 measurements, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness using intravenous glucose tolerance; magnetic resonance imaging to measure muscle, IMF and VAT areas; muscle biopsy to measure protein expression and intracellular signaling as well as mitochondrial ETC function.
Discussion
Training through NMES+RT may evoke muscle hypertrophy and positively impact oxygen uptake, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness. This may result in beneficial outcomes on metabolic activity, body composition profile, mitochondrial ETC and intracellular signaling related to insulin action and muscle hypertrophy. In the future, NMES-RT may be added to FES-LEC to improve the workloads achieved in the rehabilitation of SCI persons and further decrease muscle wasting and cardio-metabolic risks.
Clinical trials # NCT02660073
Symptom profiles in patients with Alzheimer’s disease with and without concomitant cerebrovascular disease: an observational study
Authors: Eldholm Rannveig Sakshaug , Barca Maria Lage , Persson Karin , Knapskog Anne-Brita , Engedal Knut , Selbæk Geir , Skovlund Eva , Saltvedt Ingvild
Published: April 2019

Background: Diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describe different cognitive profiles. AD patients often have concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and these patients could therefore be expected to display symptoms of both AD and VCI. AD patients with concomitant CVD display symptoms of cognitive impairment with less AD pathology than those without CVD. Medial temporal atrophy (MTA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a biomarker of neurodegeneration in AD, and we would expect less MTA in AD patients with CVD. The first aim was to examine whether there were differences in the results of cognitive tests for memory, executive function, and processing speed, or in depressive symptoms, between AD patients with and without CVD. Secondly, to assess whether MTA on MRI is more pronounced among AD patients without CVD.

Methods: A total of 192 AD patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia underwent cognitive assessment and depression screening. Cerebral MRIs were assessed for MTA, white matter hyperintensities, and lacunar and cortical infarcts. CVD was defined as the presence of white matter hyperintensities Fazekas scale ≥2 or any infarct. To study the effect of CVD, several multiple linear regression analyses were carried out using CVD adjusted for age and sex as the independent variable, and cognitive test scores, depression scores, and MTA as dependent variables.

Results: Mean age was 72.2 (SD 8.3) years. The number of AD patients with and without concomitant CVD was 121 and 71, respectively. The group with CVD scored significantly lower on tests of attention, executive function and immediate recall compared with the group without CVD. In analyses controlled for age and sex, concomitant CVD was not associated with significant differences in any cognitive test nor in depressive symptoms. A statistically significant association between AD with concomitant CVD and more pronounced MTA was identified.

Conclusions: The results indicate that cognitive test profiles, depressive symptoms, and MTA scores cannot be used to distinguish AD patients with and without CVD.
Effect of the Blood Pressure Management Application (BPMAP) on Hypertension Self-Management Enhancement: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ashoorkhani Mahnaz , Majdzadeh Reza , Hosseini Hamed , Eftekhar Hassan , Ramezankhani Ali , Yoonessi Ali , Mansouri Mehdi , Bozorgi Ali
Published: April 2019

Background

self-management of Blood pressure is of great significance given the increasing incidence of hypertension and associated disabilities. With the increased use of mobile health in medicine, the present study evaluated the effect of the self-management application on patient adherence to hypertension treatment.

Methods

This clinical trial was performed on 120 hypertensive patients who were provided with BPMAP for 8 weeks and followed-up to 24th weeks. Data on the primary outcome (adherence to treatment) and secondary outcomes (adherence to the DASH diet, regular monitoring of blood pressure, and physical activity) were collected using a questionnaire and a mobile application, respectively. The inter-group change difference over time was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (General Linear Model).

Results

The treatment adherence score increased by an average of 5.9 (95%CI: 5.0-6.7) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Scores of adherence to the low-fat and low-salt diet plans were 1.7 (95%CI: 1.3-2.1) and 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.9), respectively. Moreover, moderate physical activity increased to 100.0 minutes (95%CI: 61.7-138.3) per week in the intervention group.

Conclusion

The treatment and control of blood pressure require a multifaceted approach given its complexity and multifactorial nature. Considering the widespread use of smartphones, m-Health interventions can be effective in self-management and better patient adherence to treatments. Our results showed that BPMAP can be used as a successful tool for hypertension self-management in patients attending public hospitals in developing countries.
Ultrasound assessment of the effect of pharyngeal packing on perioperative gastric volume in nasal surgery
Authors: Temel Mehmet Emrah , TOTOZ Tolga , ERKALP KEREM , TEMEL Gulen Safiye , SELCAN Aysin
Published: April 2019

Background

Pharyngeal packing (PP) is commonly performed to reduce the incidence of perioperative blood ingestion (PBI) in nasal surgery (NS), and thus the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study examined the effects of PP on the perioperative gastric volume (GV) and PONV in patients undergoing NS by ultrasound assessment.

Methods

Patients undergoing elective NS [septoplasty, septo-rhinoplasty (SRP) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)] were randomised to receive or not receive PP. In the PP group, pharyngeal packs were placed after orotracheal intubation. Ultrasound assessments were performed for all patients preoperatively (before anaesthesia induction) and postoperatively (before extubation). The antero-posterior (AP) and cranio-caudal (CC) antral diameters, antral cross-sectional area (ACSA), and total GV were calculated. PONV incidence and severity were rated. These variables were compared between timepoints and groups, and in subgroup analyses according to surgery type. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess correlations between variables.

Results

AP and CC diameters and ACSAs were greater postoperatively than preoperatively in the PP and non-PP groups (n = 44 each; all p < 0.05). Postoperative AP and CC diameters and the ACSA were greater in the non-PP than in the PP group (all p < 0.05). Postoperative AP diameters were greater than preoperatively in patients undergoing SRP and FESS, and the postoperative CC diameter and ACSA were greater than preoperatively in patients undergoing SRP (all p < 0.05). Surgery duration was correlated positively with the postoperative AP diameter (r = 0.380, p < 0.05), CC diameter (r = 0.291, p < 0.05), and ACSA (r = 0.369, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The study findings indicate that PP reduces the increase in the perioperative GV due to PBI in elective NS. It is thus a useful and safe means of reducing the risk of perioperative pulmonary aspiration in such surgeries.
Retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion for total aortic arch replacement surgery (RIVP-TARS): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Lin Jing , Tan Zhaoxia , Yao Hao , Hu Xiaolin , Zhang Dafa , Zhao Yuan , Xiong Jiyue , Dou Bo , Zhu Xueshuang , Wu Zhong , Guo Yingqiang , Kang Deying , Du Lei
Published: April 2019

Background: During total aortic arch replacement surgery (TARS) for patients with acute type A aortic dissection, organs in the lower body such as the viscera and spinal cord are at risk of ischemia even when antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) is performed. Combining ACP with retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion (RIVP) during TARS may improve outcomes by providing the lower body with oxygenated blood.
Methods: This study is designed as a multicenter, computer-generated randomized, controlled, assessor-blind, parallel-group study with a superiority framework in patients scheduled for TARS.A total of 636 patients will be randomized on a 1:1 basis to a moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest (MHCA) group, who will receive selective ACP with moderate hypothermia during TARS; or to an RIVP group, who will receive the combination of RIVP and selective ACP under moderate hypothermia during TARS. The primary outcome will be a composite of early mortality and major complications, including paraplegia, postoperative renal failure, severe liver dysfunction and gastrointestinal complications. All patients will be analyzed according to the intention- to-treat protocol.
Discussion: This study aims to assess whether RIVP combined with ACP leads to superior outcomes than ACP alone for patients undergoing TARS under moderate hypothermia. This study seeks to provide high-quality evidence for RIVP to be used in patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing TARS.
Trial registration. Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03607786. Registered on 30 July 2018.
Effects of Initial Soil Moisture, Clod Size, and Clay Content on Ammonia Volatilization after Subsurface Band Application of Urea
Authors: Pelster D. E. , Watt Devon , Strachan Ian B. , Rochette P. , Bertrand N. , Chantigny M. H.
Published: April 2019

Ammonia losses from broadcast urea vary based on soil physical and chemical properties; however, less is known about how soil properties affect NH3losses after subsurface banding of urea. Therefore, three field trials were established to determine how initial soil moisture, clod size, and clay content affect NH3volatilization from subsurface‐banded (0.025‐m depth) urea using wind tunnels. The first study measured volatilization after banding in a loamy mixed frigid Typic Humaquept at 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 g kg−1gravimetric water content (WC). Study 2 measured volatilization from the same soil after covering the bands with soil clods that ranged from <2 to >24 mm in diameter, whereas Study 3 measured volatilization from transplanted, acidic soils with clay contents ranging from 5 to 57%. Cumulative 17‐d NH3losses for study one ranged from 8.3 to 20.8% of applied N, with the soil wetted to 200 g kg−1WC experiencing the greatest losses. For Study 2, cumulative NH3volatilization losses ranged from 10.8 to 20.8% of applied N, with the greatest losses from the largest clod sizes. For Study 3, NH3losses ranged from 2.5 to 51.7% of applied N, with the NH3losses correlated to the maximum pH measured in the band (P< 0.001), and to the soil cation exchange capacity (P= 0.054), titratable acidity (P= 0.072), and clay content (P= 0.100). However, the soil with high silt, not sand, content had the highest volatilization losses, suggesting that high silt soils may have the greatest potential for NH3volatilization.

Core Ideas

Greater NH3losses from soils at 200 g kg−1water content than at ≤150 g kg−1.

Covering the urea band with clods <6 mm reduced NH3losses.

Soil NH3losses correlated closely to the maximum pH reached in the band and soil CEC.

The highest NH3losses were from soils with low clay and high silt content.

Previous Canadian studies on NH3loss from banded urea may overestimate losses.
Co‐expression of Arabidopsis AtAVP1 and AtNHX1 to Improve Salt Tolerance in Soybean
Authors: Nguyen Nga T. , Vu Hop T. , Nguyen Trang T. , Nguyen Lan-Anh T. , Nguyen Minh-Chanh D. , Hoang Khang L. , Nguyen Khanh T. , Quach Truyen N.
Published: April 2019

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant productivity. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is moderately sensitive to salt‐affected soils. In this study, Arabidopsis vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase gene (AtAVP1) and a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene (AtNHX1) were co‐expressed to determine if the compartmentation of Na+ in vacuole is feasible to improve salt tolerance in soybean. The transgenic plants co‐expressing AtAVP1 and AtNHX1 enhanced salt tolerance compared with those expressing individual AtAVP1 or AtNHX1, which were more tolerant than the nontransgenic control plants. These transgenic plants had higher chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, and photosynthetic rate under both 100 and 200 mM NaCl treatments, whereas biomass was different only in the treatment of 100 mM NaCl. Analyses of Na+ content in roots and leaves showed that the tolerance of the transgenic plants was likely the contribution of both higher Na+ sequestration in the vacuoles and cellular protection mechanisms. Under longer exposure to mild NaCl stress condition (electrical conductivity ∼ 7.5 dS m−1); however, the transgenic plants did not have higher biomass and grain yield than the nontransgenic soybean. The data suggest that the expression of AtAVP1 and AtNHX1 benefits the transgenic soybean in short‐term salinity. For longer salt exposure, they might be more beneficial if coupled with lower Na+ accumulation regulators. To this end, coupling their expression with genes controlling Na+ uptake and long‐distance transport such as SOS1, a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, might be more efficient in improving salt tolerance in soybean.
Low‐dose Herbicide Effects on Tree Establishment and Soil Nitrogen Biogeochemistry within Pine Savannas
Authors: McCaskill George L. , Jose Shibu , Ogram Andrew V.
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

Imazapyr‐treated pines were larger than pines applied with other herbicides.

Imazapyr‐treated pines had better survival when the treatment is applied during the second season.

Imazapyr soils produced higher ammonification rates compared to the control.

Sulfometuron methyl‐treated pines were smaller than control plot trees.

Sulfometuron methyl‐treated soils had lower ammonification rates and microbial biomass.

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisP. Mill) survival and growth, net nitrogen mineralization, and soil microbial biomass, were evaluated after four growing seasons in a Florida wet flatwoods site following chemical vegetation control during the first year or second year after planting, or during both years. The four herbicide treatments included sulfometuron methyl at 0.26 ai kg ha−1, hexazinone (0.56 ai kg ha−1), sulfometuron (0.26 ai kg ha−1) plus hexazinone (0.56 ai kg ha−1) mix, and imazapyr at 0.21 ai kg ha−1. Imazapyr was the only treatment to significantly improve growth over the control in a single application. Consecutive annual applications of imazapyr and hexazinone on seedlings also improved growth rates compared to the control. Sulfometuron methyl‐treated pine trees had lower survival rates and were smaller than pines growing in the control plots after a single application. The survival and growth rates of imazapyr‐treated seedlings were improved when the chemical was applied during the second growing season after planting, instead of the first year. Imazapyr and hexazinone applications increased net nitrogen mineralization rates, but imazapyr was the only treatment to increase ammonification; compared to the control. Microbial and fungal biomass carbon showed no differences between treatments. The results did show that microbial biomass significantly increased with two consecutive years of herbicide applications over a single application. Imazapyr applied during the second growing season proved to be the best treatment for improving pine growth, controlling competitive vegetation, minimizing pine mortality, and to remain effective when soils are saturated.
A low-aluminum clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer for high-silica magmatic systems
Authors: Brugman Karalee K. , Till Christy B.
Published: April 2019

Several geothermobarometric tools have focused on clinopyroxene due to its prevalence in igneous rocks, however clinopyroxene produced in high-silica igneous systems is high in iron and low in aluminum, causing existing geothermometers that depend on aluminum exchange to fail or yield overestimated temperatures. Here we present a new clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer recommended for use in natural igneous systems with bulk SiO2 ≥ 70 wt%, which contain clinopyroxene with Mg# ≤ 65 and Al2O3 ≤ 7 wt%.

(1) T ( ∘ C ) = 300 [ − 1.89 − 0.601 ( X CaTs Cpx ) − 0.186 ( X DiHd 2003 Cpx ) + 4.71 ( X SiO 2 liq ) + 77.6 ( X TiO 2 liq ) + 10.9 ( X FeO liq ) + 33.6 ( X MgO liq ) + 15.5 ( X CaO liq ) + 15.6 ( X KO 0.5 liq ) ]

The new geothermometer lowers calculated temperatures by ~85 °C on average relative to Putirka (2008, Eq. 33) and reduces the uncertainty by a factor of two (standard error of estimate ±20 °C). When applied to natural systems, we find this new clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer reconciles many inconsistencies between experimental phase equilibria and preexisting geothermometry results for silicic volcanism, including those from the Bishop Tuff and Yellowstone caldera-forming and post-caldera rhyolites. We also demonstrate that clinopyroxene is not restricted to near-liquidus temperatures in rhyolitic systems; clinopyroxene can be stable over a broad temperature range, often down to the solidus. An Excel spreadsheet and Python notebook for calculating temperature with this new geothermometer may be downloaded from GitHub at http://bit.ly/cpxrhyotherm.