bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning through a separation process
Authors: Ørbæk Trine
Published: December 2024

In this article, I present an embodied a/r/tographical inquiry of my bodily and emotional responses experienced while going through a separation process, and a description of what I learned as part of this process that has implications for how I intend to teach and develop student teachers’ relational competence. By invoking the context of emergence, currere, the in-between and living inquiry, and in dialogue with the concepts of embodied affectivity and embodied interaffectivity, I observe the unfolding of themes such as activation of bodily resonance, the sharing of embodied experiences and embodied meaning-making, coming together to reveal an insight into relational competence as an embodied phenomenon. I have also revealed an awareness of my bodily inquiry and the merging of moving and writing. The implications of this study for teacher education may well include encouraging student teachers to consider their own relational competence by nurturing and enriching their own bodily awareness of a capacity to engage in meaningful and compassionate ways both with themselves and their pupils, not least when faced with unexpected and provocative situations in their practicum. Applying embodied a/r/tography as a method for developing student teachers’ relational competence may offer opportunities for including student teachers’ wonderings, feelings, reflections and meta-reflections as a means of knowing on their path to becoming teachers.
Drawing: Linda Oloey (with permission)
Axes of resonance in music education
Authors: Tullberg Markus , Sæther Eva
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the potentials of a/r/tography aka artography against the background of life in an accelerating academia that is increasingly shallow and unfulfilling, and where quality is only indirectly measured using bibliometrics. We find Hartmut Rosa’s concept of resonance to be useful when discussing the values that get lost in such a system. We appreciate the arguments for a slower, deeper, and more collegial way of working. It is where the distractions of ordinary life intersect with the vision of a more profound, qualitative way of working that we make our arguments for an artographic way of being. However, we also identify challenges by drawing on experiences in our own working lives, and specifically our ongoing collaborative research project. Exploring options for navigating around the constraints, we suggest a ‘toolbox’ for how the individual artographer can contribute to making academia a more resonant space.
Photo: Markus Tullberg
Becoming a visual arts teacher with a/r/tography
Authors: Karlsson Häikiö Tarja , Hellman Annika
Published: December 2024

Examination practice in art teacher education in Sweden is a part of the development of professional practice in compulsory, secondary and upper secondary education. Visual arts as a school subject entails a hybridity of artistic and didactic perspectives. In art teacher education, a double didactic perspective involves the learning of the student teacher and their future teaching of students in the visual arts. This article focuses on an examination of student teachers in the visual arts. An entry point is the methodology of a/r/tography, which entails exploring different subject positionings as artist, researcher and teacher in student teachers’ examination projects. Three examination projects were presented exemplifying how the use of art-based methods supports an understanding of subject didactics in the process of becoming a visual arts teacher. The examinations consisted of written academic texts and art-based explorative investigations in different visual media. The study also elaborated on how student teachers’ artistic production supports an understanding of the subject’s theoretical and practice-based content. The results indicated how a/r/tography can be used for reflected learning in becoming-teacher through student teachers’ efforts to encompass their future professional roles. The results also showed the challenges of student teachers in confronting their desires, doubts and fears in their learning processes during art teacher education.
Photo and artwork: Pseudonymized  Student "X" (with permission)
Putting It Together
Authors: Kvammen Anne Cecilie Røsjø , Hagen Johanne Karen
Published: December 2024

This article demonstrates how collaborative teaching in the field of musical theatre has served as a platform for uncovering the research methodology of artography. This methodology explores the intricate entanglement of the roles of artist, researcher, and teacher. The reorganization of a new curriculum and collaborative teaching among a group of teachers at the bachelor program in musical theatre at Kristiania University College forms the basis of our reflections. We, the two authors, were involved in this process. We connect these experiences to theories of artography and collaborative teaching. We argue that our multidisciplinary artographic awareness relied on certain conditions of growth within the teacher group. These growth conditions include: 1) a culture of sharing pedagogy among colleagues, 2) working beyond an individual’s level of comfort through co-teaching and 3) reevaluating teaching habits.
Cover photo: Johanne Karen Hagen
Artografiske bevægelser
Authors: Berndsen Mette , Haastrup Lisbeth , Jørgensen Irene Ucini
Published: December 2024

Med et fælles rodnet i kandidatuddannelsen Materiel Kulturdidaktik, hvor klassisk dannelsesteori og tværdisciplinære kulturteorier forbindes i nyere materialistisk tænkning, vil vi i artiklen præsentere en tredimensionel artografimodel. Når vi tager modellen med os på besøg ved hinandens borde, bliver den anledning til fortællinger og fælles feltarbejde om, hvordan bordpraksisser gøres. Omkring bordene skabes slægtskab i samtaler og stadige eksperimenter med kunst, mad og måltider. Omkring bordene bliver vi til som artografer og forstår i den fælles undersøgelse med modellen, hvordan art (A), research (R) og teaching (T) har været med os som adskilte eller sammenvævede spor gennem vores dannelsesprocesser i tid og rum. Vores bidrag til A/R/Tografiens landskab er med modellens enkle struktur og tilføjelsen af positionen S for student at pointere dannelsen for alle deltagere, forankret i sociomaterielle felter. Gennem bevægelser mellem vores tre spiseborde og Bakkehusets nye samtalehjørne vil vi fremskrive et materielt dannelsesbegreb som kan føre frem til at kunne omskrive A/R/Tografi fra en metode til en samlet artografisk praksis.
Foto: Mette Berndsen
Med blikk på staden gjennom grafikk på tørkesnor
Authors: Borgenvik Katrine , Tvedte Charlotte
Published: December 2024

Prosjektet «mellom» er eit kollektivt skapande prosjekt, som enda opp som grafikk på tørkesnor, som del av sideprogrammet under Haugesund Internasjonale Tresnitt (HIT-) og AVTRYKK-festivalen våren 2019.
Gjennom ei a/r/tografisk tilnærming med walking som metode, utforska me korleis ei felles byvandring med kamera som skisseverktøy, gav impuls til ein skapande prosess i verkstaden. Me utforska tresnitt som teknikk i relasjon til stad, historie, spor og tekstur. Fem kunst- og handverkslærarar frå ungdomsskulane i Haugesund deltok som medskaparar. Resultatet vart ein stadspesifikk grafikkinstallasjon i ein privat bakgard i Haugesund.
Stadvalet Haugesund sentrum, som motiv og utstillingsstad, vart avgjerande for alle prosesselementa i prosjektet. I dette essayet ønsker me å undersøke stadomgrepet og reflektere over korleis den estetisk tilnærming opna blikket vårt for kvalitetar ved staden.
Foto: Katrine Borgenvik og Charlotte Tvedte
Å leve som a/r/tograf – et nordisk perspektiv
Authors: Vist Torill , Waterhouse Ann-Hege Lorvik , Jensen Maybritt , Danbolt Ingrid
Published: December 2024

Dette temanummeret av Nordic Journal for Art & Research retter seg mot den kunstbaserte metodologien a/r/tografi slik den blir forstått og arbeidet med i de nordiske landene. Å leve som a/r/tograf – et nordisk perspektiv belyser de a/r/tografiske koblingene som skapes i de bevegelige mellomrommene mellom kunstner, forsker og lærer (A-rtist/R-esearcher/T-eacher), og som involverer det individuelle og personlige så vel som det sosiale, for eksempel i praksisfellsskapet. I denne innledningen forteller de fire redaktørene om bakgrunnen og historien til temanummeret. De presenterer også kort de 13 fagfellevurderte artiklene i denne første delen, introduserer feltet for eventuelle nye lesere og trekker kort fram noen kjernetematikker som ble relevante i redaksjonsarbeidet. Målet med temanummeret er å bidra til kunnskap som kan kaste lys over det særegne ståstedet som karakteriserer arbeidet til akademisk ansatte som jobber kunstfaglig i de nordiske lærerutdanningene. De innsendte artiklene viste at interessen for a/r/tografi strekker seg langt utenfor både lærerutdanninger og kunstfag, og redaktørene har derfor valgt å inkludere noen andre nærliggende a/r/tografiske tekstbidrag også.
Foto: Ann-Hege Lorvik Waterhouse
Insights and progress on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and physiological functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): a review
Authors: Zhang Qingli , Zhu Lei , Li Hailong , Chen Qu , Li Nan , Li Jiansheng , Zhao Zichu , Xiao Di , Tang Tingting , Bi Chunhua , Zhang Yan , Zhang Haili , Zhang Guizhen , Li Mingyang , Zhu Yanli , Zhang Jingjing , Kong Jingjing
Published: December 2024

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is a non-protein amino acid that occurs naturally in the human brain, animals, plants and microorganisms. It is primarily produced by the irreversible action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) on the α-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid. As a major neurotransmitter in the brain, GABA plays a crucial role in behavior, cognition, and the body’s stress response. GABA is mainly synthesized through the GABA shunt and the polyamine degradation pathways. It works through three receptors (GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC), each exhibiting different pharmacological and physiological characteristics. GABA has a variety of physiological roles and applications. In plants, it regulates growth, development and stress responses. In mammals, it influences physiological functions such as nervous system regulation, blood pressure equilibrium, liver and kidneys enhancement, hormone secretion regulation, immunity enhancement, cancer prevention, as well as anti-aging effects. As a biologically active ingredient, GABA possesses unique physiological effects and medicinal value, leading to its widespread application and substantially increased market demand in the food and pharmaceutical industries. GABA is primarily produced through chemical synthesis, plant enrichment and microbial fermentation. In this review, we first make an overview of GABA, focusing on its synthesis, metabolism, GABA receptors and physiological functions. Next, we describe the industrial production methods of GABA. Finally, we discuss the development of ligands for the GABA receptor binding site, the prospects of GABA production and application, as well as its clinical trials in potential drugs or compounds targeting GABA for the treatment of epilepsy. The purpose of this review is to attract researchers from various fields to focus on GABA research, promote multidisciplinary communications and collaborations, break down disciplinary barriers, stimulate innovative research ideas and methods, and advance the development and application of GABA in medicine, agriculture, food and other fields.
The effect of the drawing die radius in the bending under tension test on the frictional behaviour of AISI 430 steel and AW-1100 aluminium alloy sheets
Authors: Oliveira Eduarda Soares , Damasceno Juliana Rodrigues , Neto Almir Silva , Amaral Erriston Campos , Gonçalves Karina Aparecida Martins Barcelos , Luiz Valmir Dias
Published: December 2024

Friction is an unfavourable phenomenon in sheet metal forming processes because it increases the forming force, reduces the surface quality of the drawpieces and affects the increased wear of the forming tools. This article presents the results of experimental studies on friction occurring due to the drawing die radius. The test materials used were 0.8-mm-thick strip samples made of AISI 430 steel and AW-1100 aluminium alloy sheets. A special bending under tension friction-test simulator was used to carry out the tests. Countersamples (pins) with different radii in the range of 1.5 mm to 13.5 mm were used. The tests were carried out at room temperature under mineral-based oil lubrication conditions. The friction tests were supplemented by determining the hardness and measuring the surface roughness (parameters Ra, Rq and Rt) of the samples. Based on the results, it was found that the coefficient of friction increased with a decrease in the bending pin radius, however, this behaviour changed above a critical radius (4.5 mm), after which the coefficient of friction increased with an increase in the pin radius. Furthermore, the AW-1100 aluminium alloy strip had a higher coefficient of friction than the AISI 430 steel strip.
DESTACAMENTO E AFORIZAÇÃO
Authors: Dos Santos Marcelo , Boaventura Luis Henrique , Freitas Ernani Cesar de
Published: December 2024

Os conflitos sociais são cada vez mais comuns na atualidade, muitas vezes surgem a partir de simples frases publicadas na mídia que são interpretadas de maneira equivocada. Buscamos, neste artigo, analisar o potencial que os enunciados aforizados em manchetes jornalísticas e publicitárias podem apresentar na criação de polêmicas, bem como, na construção do ethos discursivo como imagem de si no discurso dos envolvidos no dissenso. Apoiados nas teorias de Dominique Maingueneau (2008, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2020), acerca dos conceitos de destacamento, aforização, cenografia e ethos e nas noções de Ruth Amossy (2016, 2017) sobre polêmicas e estereótipos, em uma pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem qualitativa em sua análise, moldaremos um panorama do funcionamento de uma polêmica iniciada a partir de uma aforização divulgada na mídia. O corpus selecionado para este trabalho consiste em uma publicação de pré-lançamento de uma edição da revista Nylon, que utiliza uma frase aforizada, de autoria atribuída à cantora Anitta. Concluiu-se que as aforizações na mídia podem assumir papel importante na criação de polêmicas, bem como mobilizar estereótipos que interferem na interpretação da cena enunciativa e na construção dos ethos discursivos como imagens de si no discurso dos atuantes nas polêmicas.
UMA ANÁLISE DA CRÔNICA “O RIO DA VIDA”, DE GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ, SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO ANTROPOCENO
Authors: Pacheco Raysa Barbosa Corrêa Lima
Published: December 2024

O colombiano Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014), assim como outros escritores do boom da literatura latino-americana na segunda metade do século XX, começou sua carreira profissional como jornalista, sobretudo compondo crônicas, pelas quais sentiu-se livre para contar as emoções humanas e o impacto de forças impessoais, como a tecnologia e a crise econômica na vida das pessoas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa analisar a crônica “O rio da vida” sob a perspectiva da problemática ambiental e do antropoceno, a fim de promover reflexões de ordem cultural, política e ecossistêmica voltadas especialmente para o contexto latino-americano. A metodologia que norteia este estudo é o método indiciário, exposto por Carlo Ginzburg (1989), que entende que o trabalho sobre um texto se compara ao de um detetive, no qual a interpretação centra-se sobre resíduos e dados marginais, que são considerados reveladores. Dessa forma, a pesquisa tem caráter eminentemente bibliográfico, cujas análises mesclam o aparato teórico ao texto literário de forma reticular, sem divisão entre teoria e análise. A partir de análise da crônica, conclui-se que a obra jornalística de Márquez, entremeada por suas histórias e vivências pessoais na Colômbia, tem o potencial de abordar muitas das problemáticas da América Latina, região que guarda até hoje as consequências de seu passado. Assim, “O rio da vida”, embora esteja voltada especificamente para o contexto do rio colombiano Magdalena, é o retrato da situação de descaso ambiental com muitos outros cursos de água de todo o planeta.
O CONSUMO DA ESTÉTICA GROTESCA E DO HORROR NA EXPERIÊNCIA DO GAME ISOLOMUS
Authors: MASTROCOLA VICENTE MARTIN
Published: December 2024

O medo é um dos sentimentos mais antigos que orbita a existência humana e, historicamente, tem sido um terreno frutífero no qual escritores, cineastas e tantos outros contadores de histórias buscam inspiração para criar obras no campo do horror. Os videogames, legitimados como “formas de mídia, expressão humana e importância cultural” (FLANAGAN, 2009, p.67), não ficaram de fora dessa lista. As narrativas de horror em games têm conquistado amplas audiências e, atualmente, formam uma longa lista de títulos disponíveis para diferentes plataformas e consoles. Neste artigo, tomamos como objeto de estudo o jogo independente Isolomus (Sometimes You, 2021) e, a partir dele, observamos como elementos estéticos relacionados ao grotesco e à narrativa sombria são utilizados para causar um efeito de horror como experiência para o público jogador do game. Referenciando-nos de autores consagrados destas áreas, apresentamos nas conclusões desse artigo como elementos considerados “negativos” podem servir de matéria-prima para a construção de um produto de entretenimento.
ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO JORNALÍSTICO
Authors: Nunes Pessanha Letícia
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise de duas reportagens publicadas, a partir do episódio do desabamento de um prédio na área central de São Paulo durante um incêndio. Os jornais O Estadão e Folha de São Paulo postaram em suas versões online matérias sobre um depoimento do ex-prefeito de São Paulo, João Doria, em que ele afirma que há participação de facções criminosas no caso. Apesar de mesmo assunto e personagem, os veículos utilizaram estratégias diferentes e abordagens que evidenciam alguns pontos e não outros, produzindo discursos jornalísticos distintos.
Effects of Natural Attenuation on the Nutrient Stability of Simulated Oil Spill Contaminated Soils
Authors: Ubani Roberts Ashley , Chigbu Osuji Leo , Chukunedum Onojake Mudiaga
Published: December 2024

Natural attenuation of off-field laboratory-simulated crude oil-contaminated soils were investigated to determine the effects on the nutrient stability without organic inputs. Soil samples were collected from Elele and Isiokpo in the Ikwere local government area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Twenty kilograms of the soils were spiked with different milliliters of crude oil and the characteristics of the soils, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), total organic matter (TOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total hydrocarbon content (THC), and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), were determined immediately after contamination (CT) and six months after natural attenuation (NA) using standard analytical methods. Results obtained showed a decrease in the values of the physicochemical properties of the soils as shown: pH (6.11 to 5.60); TOC (4.49% to 3.19%); TOM (7.76% to 5.52%) for Elele soils, and for soil samples from Isiokpo pH (5.89 to 5.85); TOC (3.96% to 2.77%); TOM (6.84% to 4.79%). Natural attenuation decreased THC and TPH values by 14.32% and 12.53% in Elele soil and 12.37% and 9.75% in Isiokpo soils, respectively. The result of the study showed that natural attenuation, without any organic input, is effective in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon contents of oil-impacted soil and thus restoring soil physicochemical properties to arable form.
Assessment of Human-wildlife Conflict: A Case Study from Kothale Village in the Kalsubai-Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary (KHWS), Maharashtra, India
Authors: Deshmukh Sandip N. , Jaybhaye Ravindra G.
Published: December 2024

Human-Wildlife Conflicts (HWCs) refer to the interactions between humans and wild animals that result in negative impacts on both sides. Conflicts between humans and wildlife occur when human intervention encroaches on natural ecosystems and animals' wild behavior. This conflict often arises due to resource competition, crop damage, livestock predation, and human safety concerns. This study investigated the nature, causes, and mitigation strategies of HWCs in the Kothale village of Kalsubai-Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary (KHWS), Maharashtra. The 2011 census recorded 112 households in Kothale village, of which 45% gathered data about HWCs. The investigator identified the causes, consequences, and management approaches of human-wildlife conflict in the study area, as well as the perspectives of the local people, using survey questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and observation. The study discusses the local community's household characteristics, livestock, agricultural activities, crop raiding, local people's perceptions and attitudes towards wildlife, their experiences with wildlife, mitigation and management, etc. The survey revealed that during the five previous seasons, wild animals caused 86.27% crop damage, 62.75% attacked livestock, and 15.69% attacked people. The study found that loss of crops and livestock, as well as decreasing animal resources, were the main causes of conflict, along with habitat degradation and fragmentation brought on by human activity. Many victims do not receive compensation because of a lack of awareness among local residents, administrative delays at the local level, and inadequate documentation. Implementing various programs and recommended action plans can reduce human-wildlife conflict.
Evaluating and Enhancing University Teachers' Smart Teaching Competencies: A Survey-Based Analysis
Authors: Chen Jinxin , Zhang Decheng
Published: December 2024

The smart teaching competence of university teachers is key to improving teaching quality and efficiency during the digital transformation of education. Based on the industry standards of the Ministry of Education's "Teacher Digital Literacy," the survey questions are designed and formulated from five dimensions: understanding and attitude towards smart teaching, application of smart teaching environment, development of smart teaching resources, design and implementation of smart teaching, and evaluation of smart teaching. A questionnaire was conducted on Wen Juan Wang, 146 valid questionnaires were effectively collected. through an online survey platform, and 146 valid questionnaires were effectively collected. The analysis of the survey data shows that university teachers can correctly understand the concept and role of smart teaching, design and implement smart teaching based on the school's talent cultivation goals, course characteristics, and smart teaching environment, and have certain capabilities in developing smart teaching resources and collecting and analyzing data. Some teachers also have relatively low capabilities in smart teaching concepts and teaching design, operation and use of smart environments, development of smart teaching resources, and data collection and analysis. In response to these issues, the following suggestions are proposed: strengthen the construction of smart teaching environments, formulate policies to establish incentives for smart teaching, strengthen training in teachers' smart teaching competencies, and enhance inter-school and school-enterprise cooperation to build and share smart teaching resources.
Finger Print Patterns amongst Federal Polytechnic Ede Students in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: O.G Dawodu , T Adekilekun , A.T Oyeranmi
Published: December 2024

This study determined the fingerprint patterns of 1000 students in Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. A fingerprint is the reproduction of the friction ridges present on the inner surface of a fingertip. The fingerprint patterns were recognized based on the appearance of ridges lines to determine loops, whorls, and arches. The finger print samples were collected from the respondents based on the random sampling method. This study lasted 5 months, from December 2021 to May 2022. Materials used for this study; stamp pad, white paper, methylated spirit, and cotton wool. The smeared thumbs of both hands of the respondents were printed on plain white paper. For demographics, name, age, sex, department, and state of origin were collected. Of the 1000 students used for this study, 571 were females and 429 were males.  The fingerprint pattern Loop was the highest, while the Arch pattern was the least. From this study, it was discovered that the distribution of dermatoglyphic patterns was almost similar on both hands as regards handedness, while bilateral variations could not be established, but there was an association between the distribution of fingerprint patterns, gender and handedness.
Enhancing Agricultural Practices: Exploring the Benefits of Paddy Straw Management Technologies Adopted by Potato Growers in Jalandhar District, Punjab, India
Authors: Kaur Akshdeep , Singh Kuldeep , Garg Lavleesh , Kumar Sunil
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted in the Jalandhar district of Punjab in 2020-21, chosen purposefully due to its status as the region with the highest potato cultivation area. The list of potato growers was obtained from the District Horticulture Department in Jalandhar. Five blocks—Nakodar, Adampur, Bhogpur, Jalandhar East, and Jalandhar West—with the maximum potato cultivation area were selected from this list. A sample of 200 potato growers was then chosen using a proportionate cum random sampling method. Following the adoption of paddy straw management technologies, 52.5 % of potato growers reported a decrease in fertilization costs whereas 85 % of potato growers observed that increased in the cost of preparation of land during used of paddy straw management technologies by Rs.3035 because of high rate of diesel consumption.  Additionally, 37 % observed an improvement in soil health, while 40.5% noted an increase in potato yield. The majority of potato growers incorporated paddy straw into their potato fields. However, an equal percentage of growers (17%) either used paddy straw to make bales or burned it. Notably, the adoption of paddy straw chopper, mulcher, and Mould board plough by potato growers led to a significant increase in potato yield. The results also indicated that for yield, the t - values for two tailed significance level of the difference between sample means for the response was 0.000 cost of production due to adoption of all the technologies by the potato growers. Therefore, statistically significant differences at level of 0.05 were observed in all five technologies used for paddy straw management in potato cultivation.
Wettbewerbsrechtliche Ansprüche im Verhältnis zur DSGVO — Eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme zum Stand der Diskussion nach EuGH – Lindenapotheke
Authors: Aßhoff Guido
Published: December 2024

Kaum eine Fragestellung ist seit 2018 zwischen Wettbewerbsund Datenschutzrechtlern so kontrovers diskutiert worden, wie die Frage, ob Datenschutzverstöße durch Mitbewerber lauterkeitsrechtlich verfolgt werden können. Der EuGH hat nunmehr in seiner Entscheidung Lindenapotheke eine Antwort gegeben, jedenfalls im Hinblick auf die Fragestellung, ob die Art. 77 ff. DSGVO die gerichtliche Geltendmachung von lauterkeitsrechtlicher Ansprüchen bei Verstößen gegen die DSGVO sperren. Im Ergebnis führt der EuGH seine Linie zum Marktbezug des Datenschutzes fort. Dies ist insbesondere auch vor dem Hintergrund der Relevanz einheitlicher datenschutzrechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen als Teil digitaler Märkte und des Free Flow of Personal Data - im Rahmen der Regelungen der DSGVO sachgerecht.
How to Apply the Notice and Action Requirements under Art. 16(6) sentence 1 DSA — Which action actually?
Authors: Holznagel Daniel
Published: December 2024

Art. 16 DSA and its framework for notice and action mechanisms are one of the DSA’s central due diligence obligations for hosting services, including online-platforms. Such services must put in place user-friendly reporting mechanisms, so reporters can easily notify them about allegedly illegal content. Following proper notification, Art. 16(6) S. 1 DSA obliges providers to make a decision in a “timely, diligent, non-arbitrary and objective manner”. What does that actually mean? This paper addresses these issues involved: First, what is the interplay of Art. 16(6) S. 1 DSA with other, more traditional takedown obligations? Can IP rights holders, based on Art. 16 DSA, initiate a Digital Services Coordinator (DSC) to act against, e.g., copyright violations? Does Art. 16(6) S. 1 DSA harmonize national tort law stay-down obligations? What triggers Art. 16(6)’s imperative: Every “notice” or only specific ones received through dedicated reporting mechanisms? What is the legal standard for “diligent” decisions: Must platforms enforce their Community Standards, or only relevant laws? Speaking of laws: Must platforms consider any Member State’s laws? And might the enforcement of Art. 16(6) S. 1 DSA through Art. 54 DSA advance civil law remedies against hosting providers?
Der Verbraucherbauvertrag — Merkmale des Vertrages sowie Rechte und Pflichten der Beteiligten
Authors: Pauly Holger
Published: December 2024

Mit der Reform des Bauvertragsrechts vom 1.1.2018 hat der Gesetzgeber den speziellen Typus des Verbraucherbauvertrages geschaffen. Zur Verbesserung des Verbraucherschutzes ist mit den §§ 650i - n BGB ein eigenes Kapitel „Verbraucherbauvertrag“ in das BGB eingefügt worden. Seitdem haben sich in Praxis und Rechtsprechung die zentralen Problembereiche verdeutlicht. Der vorliegende Beitrag macht, unter Berücksichtigung dieser besonderen Vorschriften sowie der aktuellen Rechtsprechung deutlich, aus welchen Gründen die Einordnung eines Bau- bzw. Werkvertrages als Verbraucherbauvertrag und damit eine zutreffende Rechtsanwendung von enormer Bedeutung für die Beteiligten ist.
Kunden- und Verbraucherrechte in der Unternehmensinsolvenz — Das Recht zu Rücktritt, Minderung, Schadensersatz und Widerruf sowie Einsatz von Gutscheinen und Neukundenboni
Authors: Gelbrich Katharina , Pette Mika Theresa
Published: December 2024

Mit dem Anstieg von Insolvenzen nehmen auch die praktischen Fragen von Kunden nach ihren Rechten im Insolvenzfall zu. Der folgende Beitrag setzt die Abhandlung aus MDR 2024, 1481 zur Nacherfüllung im Rahmen der Mängelgewährleistung fort und beleuchtet nunmehr die weiteren Mängelgewährleistungsrechte (Rücktritt, Minderung und Schadensersatzansprüche) sowie besondere Probleme des Widerrufsrechts, Gutscheine/Rabattcodes und Neukundenboni.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction by response surface methodology, antioxidant capacity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of anthocyanins from red rice bran
Authors: Wang Yujie , Zhao Lei , Zhang Ruoyu , Yang Xiushi , Sun Yanghua , Shi Longlong , Xue Peng
Published: January 2020

The anthocyanins contents from red rice bran were characterized by HPLC/MS. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of red rice bran anthocyanin. The antioxidant activities were evaluated in terms of IC50. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the anthocyanin samples from red rice bran and the standard substances were determined by a spectrophotometric method. According to mass spectrometry information, the main component of anthocyanins is paeoniflorin (m/z = 480). The optimized anthocyanin level was 5.80 mg/g under the following conditions: solid–liquid ratio of 1:17.46; ethanol concentration of 78.37%; ultrasonication time of 55.23 min; and pH of 2.31. The IC50 value of the DPPH radical scavenging and the superoxide anion scavenging activities of the sample were 53.51 and 2,375 μg/ml; those of the standard were 14.60 and 64.74 μg/ml; and those of vitamin C were 24.45 and 136.25 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values of the tyrosinase inhibition activities of the sample and Vc were 4.26 and 2.18 μg/ml, respectively. There is a significant difference (p < .05) between the activities of the three, which may be caused by the purity of the extract. Red rice bran anthocyanins have valuable research and development prospects as skin whiteners and healthcare products.
Analytical and numerical solutions of heat and mass transfer of boundary layer flow in the presence of a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Gherieb Sihem , Kezzar Mohamed , Sari Mohamed Rafik
Published: January 2020

The present investigation aims to study the effect of a transverse magnetic field with the presence of an adverse pressure gradient on the two‐dimensional laminar incompressible boundary layer flow over a flat plate. Using appropriated similarity transformations, the partial differential equations governing the studied problems are transformed into the ordinary nonlinear differential equations. Thereafter, these equations are solved numerically and analytically using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method featuring shooting technique and the Adomian decomposition method, respectively. Obtained results reveal an excellent agreement between analytical and numerical data for temperature and concentration profiles.
The role of minimally invasive hepatectomy for hilar and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Shiraiwa Daniel K. , Carvalho Parisina F. D. C. , Maeda Carlos T. , Silva Luciana C. , Forones Nora M. , Lopes‐Filho Gaspar J. , Linhares Marcelo M. , Araujo Raphael L. C.
Published: January 2020

Despite the fact laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) for cholangiocarcinoma is still limited, this systematic review addressed surgical and oncological outcomes of LLR to treat both perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Five comparative and 20 noncomparative studies were found. Regarding iCCA, LLR had lower blood loss and less need for Pringle maneuver. However, open liver resections (OLR) were performed more for major hepatectomies, with better lymphadenectomy rates and higher number of harvested lymph nodes. High heterogeneity and selection bias were suggested for iCCA studies.
The impact of race and socioeconomic status on the presentation, management and outcomes for gastric cancer patients: Analysis from a metropolitan area in the southeast United States
Authors: Tsao Miriam W. , Delozier Olivia M. , Stiles Zachary E. , Magnotti Louis J. , Behrman Stephen W. , Deneve Jeremiah L. , Glazer Evan S. , Shibata David , Yakoub Danny , Dickson Paxton V.
Published: January 2020

Background

Socioeconomic disparities in gastric cancer have been associated with differences in care and inferior outcomes. We evaluated the presentation, treatment, and survival for patients with gastric cancer (GC) in a metropolitan setting with a large African American population.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of patients with GC (2003‐2018) across a multi‐hospital system was performed. Associations between socioeconomic and clinicopathologic data with the presentation, treatment, and survival were examined.

Results

Of 359 patients, 255 (71%) were African American and 104 (29%) Caucasian. African Americans were more likely to present at a younger age (64.0 vs 72.5, P < .001), have state‐sponsored or no insurance (19.7% vs 6.9%, P = .02), reside within the lowest 2 quintiles for median income (67.4% vs 32.7%, P < .001), and have higher rates of Helicobacter pylori (14.9% vs 4.8%, P = .02). Receipt of multi‐modality therapy was not impacted by race or insurance status. On multivariable analysis, only AJCC T class (HR 1.68) and node positivity (HR 2.43) remained significant predictors of disease‐specific survival.

Conclusion

Despite socioeconomic disparities, African Americans, and Caucasians with GC had similar treatment and outcomes. African Americans presented at a younger age with higher rates of H. pylori positivity, warranting further investigation into differences in risk factors and tumor biology.
The hyperbolic Ernst equation in a triangular domain
Authors: Lenells Jonatan , Mauersberger Julian
Published: January 2020

The collision of two plane gravitational waves in Einstein’s theory of relativity can be described mathematically by a Goursat problem for the hyperbolic Ernst equation in a triangular domain. We use the integrable structure of the Ernst equation to present the solution of this problem via the solution of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. The formulation of the Riemann–Hilbert problem involves only the prescribed boundary data, thus the solution is as effective as the solution of a pure initial value problem via the inverse scattering transform. Our results are valid also for boundary data whose derivatives are unbounded at the triangle’s corners—this level of generality is crucial for the application to colliding gravitational waves. Remarkably, for data with a singular behavior of the form relevant for gravitational waves, it turns out that the singular integral operator underlying the Riemann–Hilbert formalism can be explicitly inverted at the boundary. In this way, we are able to show exactly how the behavior of the given data at the origin transfers into a singular behavior of the solution near the boundary.
Sediment Properties Drive Spatial Variability of Potential Methane Production and Oxidation in Small Streams
Authors: Bodmer P. , Wilkinson J. , Lorke A.
Published: January 2020

Emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) from streams and rivers are a significant component of global freshwater methane emissions. The distribution of CH4 production and oxidation within stream sections and in vertical sediment profiles is not well understood, and the environmental controls on CH4 production and emission in such systems create a significant challenge for assessing larger‐scale dynamics. Here we investigate factors driving the spatial variability of sediment potential methane production (PMP) and potential methane oxidation (PMO) in a temperate stream network in Germany. PMP was highly variable, ranging from 5 × 10−4 to 28.58 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1 and PMO ranged from 0.43 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1 to 14.41 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1. Important drivers of spatial variability of PMP and PMO in the sediments of the stream main‐stem were related to fine sediment fraction and organic carbon content. At smaller spatial scale, that is, in a sub‐catchment stream section, the drivers were more complex and included sediment nitrogen and organic carbon content, as well as porewater dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic matter quality, and metal concentrations. As with reservoirs and impounded rivers, fine sediment deposition and organic carbon content were found to be key controls on the spatial variability of CH4 production and oxidation. These findings enhance our understanding of CH4 dynamics, improve the potential for identifying CH4 production hotspots in small streams, and provide a potential means for upscaling emission rates in larger‐scale assessments.
Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injuries in High School Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hasebe Yuki , Akasaka Kiyokazu , Otsudo Takahiro , Tachibana Yomei , Hall Toby , Yamamoto Mitsuru
Published: January 2020

We evaluated a range of physical characteristics related to hamstring injuries, as well as the Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, and whether this influenced the rate hamstring injury. Subjects comprised 259 male soccer players from seven high schools randomly clustered into two groups, a Nordic Hamstring Exercise group and a control group. Training and match time were logged, as well as details of hamstring injury, and subsequent time lost to hamstring injury recorded over a period of 27 weeks. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, injury rate per 10000 playing hours and time-lost-to-sport-injury rate were calculated. The relative risk and hamstring injury severity were also calculated. The hamstring injury rate was 1.04/10 000 h in the control group and 0.88/10 000 h in the intervention group. The relative risk for hamstring injury was 1.14. The time-lost to injury rate was 1116.3/10 000 h in the control group and 113.7/10 000 h in the intervention group; with relative risk 9.81. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise in high school soccer players significantly reduced hamstring injury severity compared to a control intervention. Our results indicate that the time-lost to injury rate should be taken into account when analyzing the severity of hamstring injury.
Skin Application of 4% Menthol Enhances Running Performance in Hot and Humid Climate
Authors: Hermand Eric , Collado Aurelie , Hue Olivier
Published: January 2020

Aerobic performance is negatively impacted by tropical climate due to impairment of thermoregulatory mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that a torso application of a 4% menthol solution would have the same effect on a best performance 10-km run as an external use of cold water. Thirteen trained male athletes completed four outdoor 10-km runs (T=29.0±1.3°C, relative humidity 59.0±13.6%) wearing a tee-shirt soaked every 2-km either in a cold (~6°C) or warm/ambient (~28°C) solution, consisting in water or in a 4% menthol solution, (CTL, MENT-Amb, CLD and MENT-CLD). Run performances were improved from 4.8 to 6.1% in CLD (51.4±5.5 min), MENT-Amb (52.2±5.9 min) and MENT-CLD (51.4±5.1 min) conditions (vs. CTL, 55.4±8.4 min, P<0.05), without differences between these three conditions, whereas heart rate (177±13bpm), body temperature (38.7±0.6°C) and drink ingestion (356±170 g) were not modified. Thermal sensation after running was lower in MENT-CLD (vs. CTL, P<0.01) and thermal acceptability was higher in CLD and MENT-Amb (vs. CTL, P<0.05), but thermal comfort, feeling scale and rate of perceived exertion remained unchanged. The use of menthol on skin enhances aerobic performance in a tropical climate, and no differences in performance were observed between menthol and traditional percooling strategies. However, combining both menthol and traditional percooling brought no further improvements.
Fear Avoidance Beliefs in College Athletes with a History of Ankle Sprain
Authors: Fukano Mako , Mineta Shinshiro , Hirose Norikazu
Published: January 2020

Ankle sprains are the most prevalent injuries, and elevated fear avoidance beliefs after ankle sprain episodes could inhibit athletic performance and contribute to residual symptoms, such as functional and/or mechanical instability. However, it remains unclear how fear avoidance beliefs differ according to conditions of posttraumatic sequelae. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fear of movement/reinjury differed between individuals with and without functional ankle instability (FI, NFI) and healthy controls (CON) and to examine the relationship between fear and ankle joint laxity by sex. Participants (115 male athletes, 105 female athletes) completed the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability, Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and ankle joint laxity test. Total 168 athletes (79 males, 89 females) data were eligible for analysis. The results demonstrated that fear of movement/reinjury was lower in individuals in the absence of functional ankle instability although they experienced ankle sprain (FI; TSK=38.6±4.5, AFAQ=27.4±6.2, NFI; TSK=35.7±5.6, AFAQ=24.5±6.6). The fear of movement/reinjury had correlation with ankle joint laxity only in female athletes (TSK; r=0.285, p=0.013, AFAQ; r 0=0.322, p=0.045).
Integration of vis-NIR and pXRF spectroscopy for rapid measurement of soil lead concentrations
Authors: Pozza L. E. , Bishop T. F. A. , Stockmann U. , Birch G. F.
Published: January 2020

Heavy metals accumulate in soil over time and, with changing land use, humans may be exposed to elevated contaminant concentrations. It is therefore important to delineate contaminated sites in the most efficient and accurate manner. Sensors, such as portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and visible near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy predict metal concentrations more rapidly and in a less hazardous manner compared to traditional laboratory analytical methods. The current study explored the potential for integrating vis-NIR and pXRF outputs to improve lead predictions in fine- (<62.5 µm) and whole-fraction (<2 mm) soil samples. A multi-stage approach was taken to compare different data treatments and combination methods for the prediction of whole-fraction lead content. Data treatment included principal component analysis, and combination methods included concatenation of pXRF and vis-NIR spectra before modelling, and Granger–Ramanathan model averaging of pXRF and vis-NIR model outputs. The most accurate predictions of whole-fraction lead were obtained by Granger–Ramanathan model averaging of vis-NIR Cubist predictions and Compton-normalised pXRF output: Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (LCCC) = 0.95, root mean square error (RMSE) = 86.4 mg kg–1, Bias < 0.001 mg kg–1 and ratio of performance to inter-quartile range (RPIQ) = 0.37. The most suitable modelling method was then used to predict fine-fraction lead, which provided a similarly accurate model fit (LCCC = 0.94, RMSE = 84.2 mg kg–1, Bias < 0.001 mg kg–1 and RPIQ = 0.34), indicating the potential to reduce the number of samples required for fine-fraction processing. In addition, the quality of the prediction interval estimates was examined – an important aspect in modelling which is underutilised in current literature related to soil spectroscopy.
Examining the Evidence Base for Forensic Case Formulation: An Integrative Review of Recent Research
Authors: Wheable Victoria , Davies Jason
Published: January 2020

In the past decade, forensic case formulation (FCF) has become a key activity in many forensic services. However, the evidence base for FCF remains limited. This integrative review aimed to identify and evaluate all FCF research conducted since the lack of understanding within this field was highlighted by several academics in 2011. A rigorous literature search led to the identification of 14 studies fitting the inclusion criteria. Studies were critically evaluated and synthesized to create a summary of the recent research, to identify remaining gaps in our understanding, and to create an agenda for future research.
Why Do Approved Mental Health Professionals Think Detentions under the Mental Health Act Are Rising and What Do They Think Should Be Done about It?
Authors: Bonnet Michael , Moran Nicola
Published: January 2020

The number of people detained under the 1983 Mental Health Act has risen significantly in recent years and has recently been the subject of an independent review. Most existing research into the rise in detentions has tended to prioritise the perspectives of psychiatrists and failed to consider the views of Approved Mental Health Professionals (AMHPs), usually social workers, who ultimately determine whether detention is appropriate. This mixed-methods study focused on AMHPs’ views on the reasons behind the rise in detentions and potential solutions. It included a national online survey of AMHPs (n = 160) and semi-structured interviews with six AMHPs within a Community Mental Health Team in England. AMHPs reported that demand for mental health services vastly exceeded supply and, due to inadequate resources, more people were being detained in hospital. AMHPs argued that greater investment in preventative mental health services and ‘low intensity’ support would help to mitigate the impact of social risk factors on mental health; and greater investment in crisis services, including non-medical alternatives to hospital, was required. Such investment at either end of the spectrum was expected to be more effective than changes to the law and lead to better outcomes for mental health service users.