bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct temporal trends in breast cancer incidence from 1997 to 2016 by molecular subtypes: a population-based study of Scottish cancer registry data
Authors: Mesa-Eguiagaray Ines , Wild Sarah H. , Rosenberg Philip S. , Bird Sheila M. , Brewster David H. , Hall Peter S. , Cameron David A. , Morrison David , Figueroa Jonine D.
Published: June 2020

Background

We describe temporal trends in breast cancer incidence by molecular subtypes in Scotland because public health prevention programmes, diagnostic and therapeutic services are shaped by differences in tumour biology.

Methods

Population-based cancer registry data on 72,217 women diagnosed with incident primary breast cancer from 1997 to 2016 were analysed. Age-standardised rates (ASR) and age-specific incidence were estimated by tumour subtype after imputing the 8% of missing oestrogen receptor (ER) status. Joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort models were used to assess whether significant differences were observed in incidence trends by ER status.

Results

Overall, ER-positive tumour incidence increased by 0.4%/year (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.1, 1.0). Among routinely screened women aged 50–69 years, we observed an increase in ASR from 1997 to 2011 (1.6%/year, 95% CI: 1.2–2.1). ER-negative tumour incidence decreased among all ages by 2.5%/year (95% CI: −3.9 to −1.1%) over the study period. Compared with the 1941–1959 birth cohort, women born in 1912–1940 had lower incidence rate ratios (IRR) for ER+ tumours and women born in 1960–1986 had lower IRR for ER− tumours.

Conclusions

Future incidence and survival reporting should be monitored by molecular subtypes to inform clinical planning and cancer control programmes.
Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis
Authors: Suchacki Karla J. , Tavares Adriana A. S. , Mattiucci Domenico , Scheller Erica L. , Papanastasiou Giorgos , Gray Calum , Sinton Matthew C. , Ramage Lynne E. , McDougald Wendy A. , Lovdel Andrea , Sulston Richard J. , Thomas Benjamin J. , Nicholson Bonnie M. , Drake Amanda J. , Alcaide-Corral Carlos J. , Said Diana , Poloni Antonella , Cinti Saverio , Macpherson Gavin J. , Dweck Marc R. , Andrews Jack P. M. , Williams Michelle C. , Wallace Robert J. , van Beek Edwin J. R. , MacDougald Ormond A. , Morton Nicholas M. , Stimson Roland H. , Cawthorn William P.
Published: June 2020

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) comprises >10% of total adipose mass, yet unlike white or brown adipose tissues (WAT or BAT) its metabolic functions remain unclear. Herein, we address this critical gap in knowledge. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that BMAT is distinct from WAT and BAT, with altered glucose metabolism and decreased insulin responsiveness. We therefore tested these functions in mice and humans using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. This revealed that BMAT resists insulin- and cold-stimulated glucose uptake, while further in vivo studies showed that, compared to WAT, BMAT resists insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Thus, BMAT is functionally distinct from WAT and BAT. However, in humans basal glucose uptake in BMAT is greater than in axial bones or subcutaneous WAT and can be greater than that in skeletal muscle, underscoring the potential of BMAT to influence systemic glucose homeostasis. These PET/CT studies characterise BMAT function in vivo, establish new methods for BMAT analysis, and identify BMAT as a distinct, major adipose tissue subtype.
Proline-rich protein PRR19 functions with cyclin-like CNTD1 to promote meiotic crossing over in mouse
Authors: Bondarieva Anastasiia , Raveendran Kavya , Telychko Vladyslav , Rao H. B. D. Prasada , Ravindranathan Ramya , Zorzompokou Chrysoula , Finsterbusch Friederike , Dereli Ihsan , Papanikos Frantzeskos , Tränkner Daniel , Schleiffer Alexander , Fei Ji-Feng , Klimova Anna , Ito Masaru , Kulkarni Dhananjaya S. , Roeder Ingo , Hunter Neil , Tóth Attila
Published: June 2020

Orderly chromosome segregation is enabled by crossovers between homologous chromosomes in the first meiotic division. Crossovers arise from recombination-mediated repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Multiple DSBs initiate recombination, and most are repaired without crossover formation, although one or more generate crossovers on each chromosome. Although the underlying mechanisms are ill-defined, the differentiation and maturation of crossover-specific recombination intermediates requires the cyclin-like CNTD1. Here, we identify PRR19 as a partner of CNTD1. We find that, like CNTD1, PRR19 is required for timely DSB repair and the formation of crossover-specific recombination complexes. PRR19 and CNTD1 co-localise at crossover sites, physically interact, and are interdependent for accumulation, indicating a PRR19-CNTD1 partnership in crossing over. Further, we show that CNTD1 interacts with a cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK2, which also accumulates in crossover-specific recombination complexes. Thus, the PRR19-CNTD1 complex may enable crossover differentiation by regulating CDK2.
Phosphoregulated orthogonal signal transduction in mammalian cells
Authors: Scheller Leo , Schmollack Marc , Bertschi Adrian , Mansouri Maysam , Saxena Pratik , Fussenegger Martin
Published: June 2020

Orthogonal tools for controlling protein function by post-translational modifications open up new possibilities for protein circuit engineering in synthetic biology. Phosphoregulation is a key mechanism of signal processing in all kingdoms of life, but tools to control the involved processes are very limited. Here, we repurpose components of bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) for chemically induced phosphotransfer in mammalian cells. TCSs are the most abundant multi-component signal-processing units in bacteria, but are not found in the animal kingdom. The presented phosphoregulated orthogonal signal transduction (POST) system uses induced nanobody dimerization to regulate the trans-autophosphorylation activity of engineered histidine kinases. Engineered response regulators use the phosphohistidine residue as a substrate to autophosphorylate an aspartate residue, inducing their own homodimerization. We verify this approach by demonstrating control of gene expression with engineered, dimerization-dependent transcription factors and propose a phosphoregulated relay system of protein dimerization as a basic building block for next-generation protein circuits.
Negative cooperativity upon hydrogen bond-stabilized O2 adsorption in a redox-active metal–organic framework
Authors: Oktawiec Julia , Jiang Henry Z. H. , Vitillo Jenny G. , Reed Douglas A. , Darago Lucy E. , Trump Benjamin A. , Bernales Varinia , Li Harriet , Colwell Kristen A. , Furukawa Hiroyasu , Brown Craig M. , Gagliardi Laura , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2020

The design of stable adsorbents capable of selectively capturing dioxygen with a high reversible capacity is a crucial goal in functional materials development. Drawing inspiration from biological O2 carriers, we demonstrate that coupling metal-based electron transfer with secondary coordination sphere effects in the metal–organic framework Co2(OH)2(bbta) (H2bbta = 1H,5H-benzo(1,2-d:4,5-d′)bistriazole) leads to strong and reversible adsorption of O2. In particular, moderate-strength hydrogen bonding stabilizes a cobalt(III)-superoxo species formed upon O2 adsorption. Notably, O2-binding in this material weakens as a function of loading, as a result of negative cooperativity arising from electronic effects within the extended framework lattice. This unprecedented behavior extends the tunable properties that can be used to design metal–organic frameworks for adsorption-based applications.
High fat diet worsens Alzheimer’s disease-related behavioral abnormalities and neuropathology in APP/PS1 mice, but not by synergistically decreasing cerebral blood flow
Authors: Bracko Oliver , Vinarcsik Lindsay K. , Cruz Hernández Jean C. , Ruiz-Uribe Nancy E. , Haft-Javaherian Mohammad , Falkenhain Kaja , Ramanauskaite Egle M. , Ali Muhammad , Mohapatra Aditi , Swallow Madisen A. , Njiru Brendah N. , Muse Victorine , Michelucci Pietro E. , Nishimura Nozomi , Schaffer Chris B.
Published: June 2020

Obesity is linked to increased risk for and severity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) reductions are an early feature of AD and are also linked to obesity. We recently showed that non-flowing capillaries, caused by adhered neutrophils, contribute to CBF reduction in mouse models of AD. Because obesity could exacerbate the vascular inflammation likely underlying this neutrophil adhesion, we tested links between obesity and AD by feeding APP/PS1 mice a high fat diet (Hfd) and evaluating behavioral, physiological, and pathological changes. We found trends toward poorer memory performance in APP/PS1 mice fed a Hfd, impaired social interactions with either APP/PS1 genotype or a Hfd, and synergistic impairment of sensory-motor function in APP/PS1 mice fed a Hfd. The Hfd led to increases in amyloid-beta monomers and plaques in APP/PS1 mice, as well as increased brain inflammation. These results agree with previous reports showing obesity exacerbates AD-related pathology and symptoms in mice. We used a crowd-sourced, citizen science approach to analyze imaging data to determine the impact of the APP/PS1 genotype and a Hfd on capillary stalling and CBF. Surprisingly, we did not see an increase in the number of non-flowing capillaries or a worsening of the CBF deficit in APP/PS1 mice fed a Hfd as compared to controls, suggesting that capillary stalling is not a mechanistic link between a Hfd and increased severity of AD in mice. Reducing capillary stalling by blocking neutrophil adhesion improved CBF and short-term memory function in APP/PS1 mice, even when fed a Hfd.
Genetic variants associated with alcohol dependence co-ordinate regulation of ADH genes in gastrointestinal and adipose tissues
Authors: Hibberd Rebecca , Golovina Evgeniia , Farrow Sophie , O’Sullivan Justin M.
Published: June 2020

GWAS studies have identified genetic variants associated with Alcohol Dependence (AD), but how they link to genes, their regulation and disease traits, remains largely unexplored. Here we integrated information on the 3D genome organization with expression quantitative loci (eQTLs) analysis, using CoDeS3D, to identify the functional impacts of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AD (p < 1 × 10−6). We report that 42% of the 285 significant tissue-specific regulatory interactions we identify were associated with four genes encoding Alcohol Dehydrogenase - ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C and ADH4. Identified eQTLs produced a co-ordinated regulatory action between ADH genes, especially between ADH1A and ADH1C within the subcutaneous adipose and gastrointestinal tissues. Five eQTLs were associated with regulatory motif alterations and tissue-specific histone marks consistent with these variants falling in enhancer and promoter regions. By contrast, few regulatory connections were identified in the stomach and liver. This suggests that changes in gene regulation associated with AD are linked to changes in tissues other than the primary sites of alcohol absorption and metabolism. Future work to functionally characterise the putative regulatory regions we have identified and their links to metabolic and regulatory changes in genes will improve our mechanistic understanding of AD disease development and progression.
Evidence of radial Weibel instability in relativistic intensity laser-plasma interactions inside a sub-micron thick liquid target
Authors: Ngirmang Gregory K. , Morrison John T. , George Kevin M. , Smith Joseph R. , Frische Kyle D. , Orban Chris , Chowdhury Enam A. , Roquemore W. Mel
Published: June 2020

Super-intense laser plasma interaction has shown great promise as a platform for next generation particle accelerators and sources for electron, x-rays, ions and neutrons. In particular, when a relativistic intense laser focus interacts with a thin solid density target, ionized electrons are accelerated to near the speed of light (c) within an optical cycle and are pushed in the forward and transverse directions away from focus, carrying a significant portion of the laser energy. These relativistic electrons are effectively collisionless, and their interactions with the ions and surrounding cold electrons are predominantly mediated by collective electromagnetic effects of the resulting currents and charge separation. Thus, a deeper understanding of subsequent high energy ions generated from various mechanisms and their optimization requires knowledge of the relativistic electron dynamics and the fields they produce. In addition to producing MV/m quasi-static fields, accelerating the ions and confining the majority of the electrons near the bulk of the laser target, these relativistic electron currents are subject to plasma instabilities like the Weibel instability as they propagate through the thermal population in the bulk target. In this work, we present high temporal (100 fs) and spatial (1 μm) resolution shadowgraphy video capturing relativistic radial ionization front expansion and the appearance of filamentation radiating from the laser spot within a sub-micron thick liquid sheet target. Filamentation within the region persists for several picoseconds and seeds the eventual recombination and heating dynamics on the nanosecond timescale. A large scale three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of the interaction revealed the presence of strong magnetic fields characteristic of Weibel Instability, and corroborated the relativistic radial expansion of the ionization front, whose speed was determined to be 0.77c. Both the experimental and simulation results strongly point towards the target field ionization and the outward expanding hot electron current as the cause of the radial expansion.
Crystal and Magnetic Structures of Double Hexagonal Close-Packed Iron Deuteride
Authors: Saitoh Hiroyuki , Machida Akihiko , Iizuka-Oku Riko , Hattori Takanori , Sano-Furukawa Asami , Funakoshi Ken-ichi , Sato Toyoto , Orimo Shin-ichi , Aoki Katsutoshi
Published: June 2020

Neutron powder diffraction profiles were collected for iron deuteride (FeDx) while the temperature decreased from 1023 to 300 K for a pressure range of 4–6 gigapascal (GPa). The ε′ deuteride with a double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) structure, which coexisted with other stable or metastable deutrides at each temperature and pressure condition, formed solid solutions with a composition of FeD0.68(1) at 673 K and 6.1 GPa and FeD0.74(1) at 603 K and 4.8 GPa. Upon stepwise cooling to 300 K, the D-content x increased to a stoichiometric value of 1.0 to form monodeuteride FeD1.0. In the dhcp FeD1.0 at 300 K and 4.2 GPa, dissolved D atoms fully occupied the octahedral interstitial sites, slightly displaced from the octahedral centers in the dhcp metal lattice, and the dhcp sequence of close-packed Fe planes contained hcp-stacking faults at 12%. Magnetic moments with 2.11 ± 0.06 μB/Fe-atom aligned ferromagnetically in parallel on the Fe planes.
Amelioration of Physical Properties and Printability of Paper Coated with N-methylated Chitosan
Authors: Wu Meiyan , Xu Rui , Liu Chao , Li Bin , Long Zhu
Published: June 2020

In offset printing process, poor mechanical properties and printability of paper substrate usually result in printing problems, low quality of print and waste of paper materials. Therefore, many researches focus on the quality improvement of paper substrates using suitable additives. In this work, N-methylated chitosan, including N, N-dimethyl chitosan (DMC) and N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), were prepared and employed as coating agents to ameliorate the mechanical properties and printability of paper sheets. Analysis results showed that the mechanical strength of coated papers with DMC and TMC were largely improved, because the fibers with negative charges were prone to form electrostatic bonding with the positively charged N-methylated chitosan, thus enhancing paper strength. Particularly, compared with chitosan and DMC, the TMC-coated paper exhibited better mechanical properties, printability and surface properties due to the high cationic charge density of TMC. Therefore, surface coating with TMC is of great benefit to decrease the printing problem of paper sheets and enhance the operation speed in offset printing. This work provides a valuable reference for the amelioration of the printability and physical properties of high-quality paper products for many promising applications.
Characterisation of iron oxide encrusted microbial fossils
Authors: Levett Alan , Gagen Emma J. , Rintoul Llew , Guagliardo Paul , Diao Hui , Vasconcelos Paulo M. , Southam Gordon
Published: June 2020

Robust methods for the characterisation of microbial biosignatures in geological matrices is critical for developing mineralogical biosignatures. Studying microbial fossils is fundamental for our understanding of the role microorganisms have played in elemental cycling in modern and ancient environments on Earth and potentially Mars. Here, we aim to understand what promotes the fossilisation of microorganisms after the initial stages of biomineralisation, committing bacteriomorphic structures to the geological record within iron-rich environments. Mineral encrusted cell envelope structures were routinely identified within a goethite-rich vein that cross-cut the saprolite (iron ore) of a weathered banded iron formation (BIF) system in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil. The preservation of potential organic and mineralogical biosignatures associated with these fossils was characterised using the following high-resolution analytical techniques: scanning and transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Electron microscopy demonstrated that mineral nucleation associated with a range of cell envelope structures typically followed the extant cell templates. These biologically-influenced iron-rich minerals are microcrystalline with minimal secondary growth. In contrast, intracellular mineralisation formed larger minerals that grew inward from the cell membrane to infill intracellular voids after cell death. A three dimensional reconstruction of encrusted cell envelopes in a fossilised biofilm suggests that microorganisms may be able to replicate, during the initial stages of mineralisation. Carbon and nitrogen signatures are preserved associated with the cell envelope structures; however, there were no conclusive mineralogical biosignatures associated with the mineralised cell envelopes highlighting the classical importance of morphology and elemental biosignatures in determining the biogenicity of bacteriomorphic structures.
Fish proliferation and rare-earth deposition by topographically induced upwelling at the late Eocene cooling event
Authors: Ohta Junichiro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Nozaki Tatsuo , Takaya Yutaro , Mimura Kazuhide , Fujinaga Koichiro , Nakamura Kentaro , Usui Yoichi , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Chang Qing , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: June 2020

The deep-sea clay that covers wide areas of the pelagic ocean bottom provides key information about open-ocean environments but lacks age-diagnostic calcareous or siliceous microfossils. The marine osmium isotope record has varied in response to environmental changes and can therefore be a useful stratigraphic marker. In this study, we used osmium isotope ratios to determine the depositional ages of pelagic clays extraordinarily rich in fish debris. Much fish debris was deposited in the western North and central South Pacific sites roughly 34.4 million years ago, concurrent with a late Eocene event, a temporal expansion of Antarctic ice preceding the Eocene–Oligocene climate transition. The enhanced northward flow of bottom water formed around Antarctica probably caused upwelling of deep-ocean nutrients at topographic highs and stimulated biological productivity that resulted in the proliferation of fish in pelagic realms. The abundant fish debris is now a highly concentrated source of industrially critical rare-earth elements.
Experimental Investigation on Velocity and Temperature Field in a Rotating Non-isothermal Turbulent Boundary Layer using Hot-wire
Authors: Gangfu Li , Haiwang Li , Ruquan You , Huijie Wu , Zhi Tao , Shuangzhi Xia
Published: June 2020

This experiment measured the instantaneous temperature and velocity field synchronously in non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer in a rotating straight channel with a parallel-array hot-wire probe. The Reynolds number based on the bulk mean velocity (U) and hydraulic diameter (D) is 19000, and the rotation numbers are 0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21 and 0.28. The mean velocityuand mean temperatureTas well as their fluctuating quantityu’andT’were measured at three streamwise locations (x/D = 4.06, 5.31, 6.56). A method for temperature-changing calibration with constant temperature hot-wire anemometers was proposed. It achieved the calibration in operational temperature range (15.5 °C–50 °C) of the hot-wire via a home-made heating section. The measurement system can obtain the velocity and temperature in a non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer at rotating conditions. The result analysis mainly contains the dimensionless mean temperature, temperature fluctuation as well as its skewness and flatness and streamwise turbulent heat flux. For the trailing side, the rotation effect is more obvious, and makes the dimensionless temperature profiles lower than that under static conditions. The dimensionless streamwise heat flux shows a linear decrease trend in the boundary layer. It is hoped that this research can improve our understanding of the flow and heat transfer mechanism in the internal cooling passages of turbine rotor blades.
Eco-production of silica from sugarcane bagasse ash for use as a photochromic pigment filler
Authors: Chindaprasirt Prinya , Rattanasak Ubolluk
Published: June 2020

Sugarcane bagasse is a significant renewable energy source for the sugar and bioethanol industries. Bagasse ash is the waste from the combustion process and is mostly disposed of as landfill. Only a small quantity of bagasse ash is utilized as pozzolan in concrete, and a considerable quantity is left unused due to its high carbon and crystallite content. Generally, bagasse ash is rich in silica (SiO2), and it is thus an alternative source for silica extraction. In this paper, a low-energy and low-chemical consumption method is proposed to obtain silica from bagasse ash using alkali extraction and acid precipitation. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted silica are described. A silica yield of 80% and moisture absorption of 73% were achieved. The silica had amorphous phases and was light gray in color owing to the presence of carbon from incomplete combustion. Bagasse silica was used as an extender filler in an expensive photochromic pigment to increase the bulk volume. It was found that a pigment-to-silica mass ratio up to 1:10 could be used for thick-layer painting. However, a ratio of up to 1:3 is recommended for thin-layer screen-printing on fabrics. The bagasse ash silica-pigment blends have very good color fastness when washing; however, frequent aggressive washing should be avoided.
Direct tuning of graphene work function via chemical vapor deposition control
Authors: Yoon Taegeun , Wu Qinke , Yun Dong-Jin , Kim Seong Heon , Song Young Jae
Published: June 2020

Besides its unprecedented physical and chemical characteristics, graphene is also well known for its formidable potential of being a next-generation device material. Work function (WF) of graphene is a crucial factor in the fabrication of graphene-based electronic devices because it determines the energy band alignment and whether the contact in the interface is Ohmic or Schottky. Tuning of graphene WF, therefore, is strongly demanded in many types of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Whereas study on work function tuning induced by doping or chemical functionalization has been widely conducted, attempt to tune the WF of graphene by controlling chemical vapor deposition (CVD) condition is not sufficient in spite of its simplicity. Here we report the successful WF tuning method for graphene grown on a Cu foil with a novel CVD growth recipe, in which the CH4/H2 gas ratio is changed. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) verifies that the WF-tuned regions, where the WF increases by the order of ~250 meV, coexist with the regions of intrinsic WF within a single graphene flake. By combining KPFM with lateral force microscopy (LFM), it is demonstrated that the WF-tuned area can be manipulated by pressing it with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and the tuned WF returns to the intrinsic WF of graphene. A highly plausible mechanism for the WF tuning is suggested, in which the increased graphene-substrate distance by excess H2 gases may cause the WF increase within a single graphene flake. This novel WF tuning method via a simple CVD growth control provides a new direction to manipulate the WF of various 2-dimensional nanosheets as well as graphene.
Efficient Synchronous Extraction of Nickel, Copper, and Cobalt from Low–Nickel Matte by Sulfation Roasting‒Water Leaching Process
Authors: Sun Qiangchao , Cheng Hongwei , Mei Xiaoyong , Liu Yanbo , Li Guangshi , Xu Qian , Lu Xionggang
Published: June 2020

Considering that the low recovery efficiency and the massive loss of valuable metals by the traditional pyrometallurgical process smelting low‒nickel matte. Therefore, this paper focuses on studying the optimal process parameters and the mechanism of sulphation roasting followed by water leaching achieving efficient synchronous extraction of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co) from low‒nickel matte with sodium sulfate as the sulfating addictive. Under optimal conditions, the recovery efficiency of Ni, Cu, and Co metals can achieve 95%, 99%, and 94%, respectively, whereas the recovery efficiency of Fe metal is less than 1%. The results revealed that the mechanism of the sulfating roasting pretreatment could form a liquidus eutectic compound sulfates [Na2Me(SO4)2] (Me = Ni, Cu, Co) at the solid–solid interface, which plays a significant role in promoting the leaching efficiency of valuable metals. Not only enhance the reaction kinetics of sulfation, but improve the utilization efficiency of SO2/SO3. Thus, the sulfation roasting‒water leaching process developing an efficient and eco-friendly pathway to simultaneous extraction of Ni, Cu, and Co valuable metals from low grade sulfide ores.
A validated computational framework to predict outcomes in TAVI
Authors: Bosi Giorgia M. , Capelli Claudio , Cheang Mun Hong , Delahunty Nicola , Mullen Michael , Taylor Andrew M. , Schievano Silvia
Published: June 2020

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) still presents complications: paravalvular leakage (PVL) and onset of conduction abnormalities leading to permanent pacemaker implantation. Our aim was testing a validated patient-specific computational framework for prediction of TAVI outcomes and possible complications. Twenty-eight TAVI patients (14 SapienXT and 14 CoreValve) were retrospectively selected. Pre-procedural CT images were post-processed to create 3D patient-specific implantation sites. The procedures were simulated with finite element analysis. Simulations’ results were compared against post-procedural clinical fluoroscopy and echocardiography images. The computational model was in good agreement with clinical findings: the overall stent diameter difference was 2.6% and PVL was correctly identified with a post-processing algorithm in 83% of cases. Strains in the implantation site were studied to assess the risk of conduction system disturbance and were found highest in the patient who required pacemaker implantation. This study suggests that computational tool could support safe planning and broadening of TAVI.
Publisher Correction: Association of PPM1G methylation with risk-taking in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Park Chun Il , Kim Hae Won , Hwang Syung Shick , Kang Jee In , Kim Se Joo
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Hepatic stellate cells secrete Ccl5 to induce hepatocyte steatosis
Authors: Kim Byeong-Moo , Abdelfattah Ahmed Maher , Vasan Robin , Fuchs Bryan C. , Choi Michael Y.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A colourimetric high-throughput screening system for directed evolution of prodigiosin ligase PigC
Authors: Brands Stefanie , Brass Hannah U. C. , Klein Andreas S. , Pietruszka Jörg , Ruff Anna Joëlle , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: June 2020

A colourimetric high-throughput screening system was developed for the first directed evolution campaign on PigC towards production of artificial prodiginines.
Iridium-catalysed 3,5-bis-borylation of phthalonitrile enables access to a family of C4h octaarylphthalocyanines
Authors: Mulholland Katie D. , Yoon Sangbin , Rennie Christopher C. , Sitch Eleanor K. , McKay Alasdair I. , Edkins Katharina , Edkins Robert M.
Published: June 2020

3,5-Bis(Bpin)phthalonitrile is a divergent intermediate of regioregular C4h 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octaarylphthalocyanines that can be synthesised by Ir-catalysed C–H bis-borylation of phthalonitrile.
Visible-light-induced dearomative oxamination of indole derivatives and dearomative amidation of phenol derivatives
Authors: Wu Lingang , Hao Yanan , Liu Yuxiu , Song Haibin , Wang Qingmin
Published: June 2020

Herein, we report a protocol for visible-light-induced dearomative oxamination reactions of indole derivatives to afford functionalized spirocyclic products.
Mitochondria-localized in situ generation of rhodamine photocage with fluorescence turn-on enabling cancer cell-specific drug delivery triggered by green light
Authors: Paul Amrita , Mengji Rakesh , Bera Manoranjan , Ojha Mamata , Jana Avijit , Singh N. D. Pradeep
Published: June 2020

We report a new multi-tasking water-soluble photocage based on a well-known rhodamine dye for cancer cell selective anticancer drug delivery triggered by green light.
Synthesis, structure and dielectric properties of the Sr3Ti1−xZrxNb4O15, (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), series of tungsten bronze type compounds
Authors: Whittle Thomas A. , Lu Teng , Blanchard Peter , R. Hester James , Gu Qinfen , Liu Yun , Schmid Siegbert
Published: June 2020

High temperature phase transitions from Pna21 to P4/mbm are observed for all compositions, and transition temperatures increase with Zr content.
Mass spectrometry and computational study of collision-induced dissociation of 9-methylguanine–1-methylcytosine base-pair radical cation: intra-base-pair proton transfer and hydrogen transfer, non-statistical dissociation, and reaction with a water ligand
Authors: Sun Yan , Moe May Myat , Liu Jianbo
Published: June 2020

A combined experimental and theoretical study is presented on the collision-induced dissociation of 9-methylguanine–1-methylcytosine base-pair radical cation ([9MG·1MC]˙+) and its monohydrate ([9MG·1MC]˙+·H2O) with Xe and Ar gases.
Non-adiabatic quantum dynamics of the electronic quenching OH(A2Σ+) + Kr
Authors: Gamallo Pablo , Zanchet Alexandre , Aoiz F. Javier , Petrongolo Carlo
Published: June 2020

The quantum dynamics is investigated in full dimensionality, using three PESs and all the non-adiabatic couplings of a total Hamiltonian.
Fast and accurate calculation of hydration energies of molecules and ions
Authors: Voityuk Alexander A. , Vyboishchikov Sergei F.
Published: June 2020

An accurate and efficient method for calculation of hydration free energy of ions and neutral molecules is presented.
Two novel fan-shaped trinuclear Pt(ii) complexes act as G-quadruplex binders and telomerase inhibitors
Authors: Xu Cui-Xia , Liu Liu-Yi , Lv Bei , Zhao Hao-Yu , Cao Qian , Zhai Teng , Mao Zong-Wan
Published: June 2020

Two new fan-shaped trinuclear Pt(ii) complexes stabilize human telemetric G-quadruplex (GQ) selectively and intercalate into the large groove of antiparallel GQ.
Stable Zn isotopes reveal the uptake and toxicity of zinc oxide engineered nanomaterials inPhragmites australis
Authors: Caldelas C. , Poitrasson F. , Viers J. , Araus J. L.
Published: June 2020

The Zn stable isotope composition of plants demonstrates that ZnO engineered nanomaterials dissolve before their uptake and accumulation by the roots (brightest inclusions in root cortex).
Indium-modified Ga2O3 hierarchical nanosheets as efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid
Authors: Tan Xianjun , Chen Guanhan , Xing Dingyu , Ding Wenhui , Liu Hao , Li Ting , Huang Yuxiong
Published: June 2020

Indium-modified Ga2O3 hierarchical nanosheet was proved to be an efficient and promising photocatalyst for the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid in aqueous environment.
Iron(ii)-folded single-chain nanoparticles: a metalloenzyme mimicking sustainable catalyst for highly enantioselective sulfa-Michael addition in water
Authors: Wang Weiying , Wang Jiajun , Li Shiye , Li Chaoping , Tan Rong , Yin Donghong
Published: June 2020

Bio-inspired FeII-folded SCPN enabled asymmetric sulfa-Michael addition to be performed in a green and efficient manner, using water as the solvent.
Photon-initiated heterogeneous redox couples for methylation of anilines under mild conditions
Authors: Zhang Bing , Gao Hua , Wang Wei
Published: June 2020

Balanced redox couples are key to photon-initiated heterogeneous methylation of anilines with high selectivity under mild conditions on CN supported Pd nanoparticles.
A facile synthesis of a highly efficient β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic NO oxidation under visible light
Authors: Hao Yaru , Deng Zhaoqi , Zhao Ziquan , Song Xijia
Published: June 2020

Photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of NO on β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3.
Rational design of marigold-shaped composite Ni3V2O8 flowers: a promising catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Biswas Rathindranath , Kundu Avinava , Saha Monochura , Kaur Vishaldeep , Banerjee Biplab , Dhayal Rajendra S. , Patil Ranjit A. , Ma Yuan-Ron , Sen Tapasi , Haldar Krishna Kanta
Published: June 2020

Ni3V2O8 flowers designed by the thermal decay of molecular precursors show excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 328 mV.
Highly stable and Pb-free bismuth-based perovskites for photodetector applications
Authors: Bhorde Ajinkya , Nair Shruthi , Borate Haribhau , Pandharkar Subhash , Aher Rahul , Punde Ashvini , Waghmare Ashish , Shinde Pratibha , Vairale Priti , Waykar Ravindra , Doiphode Vidya , Jadkar Vijaya , Hase Yogesh , Rondiya Sachin , Patil Nilesh , Prasad Mohit , Jadkar Sandesh
Published: June 2020

Herein, we report synthesis of highly stable, Pb-free bismuth iodide, stoichiometric methylammonium bismuth iodide and non-stoichiometric methylammonium bismuth iodide perovskite thin films for photodetector applications.
Nanostructured MnO2 nanosheets grown on nickel foam: an efficient and readily recyclable 3D artificial oxidase for the colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid
Authors: Niu Qian , Zheng Jing , Liu Libin , Xu Jingli , Alsulami Hamed , Amin Kutbi Marwan , Zhang Min
Published: June 2020

.An efficient and readily recyclable 3D artificial oxidase (NF@MnO2) for the colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid was well constructed with nickel foam as the substrate.
Separation of sodium chromate from high alkaline media based on precipitation transformation using barium hydroxide
Authors: Tang Xiaoyu , Wu Haifeng , Quan Xuejun , Feng Chengfei , Li Gang , Qiu Facheng
Published: June 2020

Separation and recovery of chromium from a high-concentration NaOH solution by a Ba(OH)2 precipitation process.
Terbium-to-quantum dot Förster resonance energy transfer for homogeneous and sensitive detection of histone methyltransferase activity
Authors: Hallaj Tooba , Amjadi Mohammad , Qiu Xue , Susumu Kimihiro , Medintz Igor L. , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: June 2020

Terbium-to-quantum dot FRET assays for quantifying SET7/9 methyltransferase at low picomolar concentrations, inhibition constants, and enzyme kinetics.
Activation of homogenous polyolefin catalysis with a machine-assisted reactor laboratory-in-a-box (μAIR-LAB)
Authors: Rizkin Benjamin A. , Hartman Ryan L.
Published: June 2020

Catalysis discovery is typically limited to specialized labs – this work demonstrates an Artificially Intelligent Microreactor Lab in a Box applied to investigate the chemistry of different co-catalysts for zirconocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization.
Efficient and selective alkene hydrosilation promoted by weak, double Si–H activation at an iron center
Authors: Smith Patrick W. , Dong Yuyang , Tilley T. Don
Published: June 2020

Cationic iron complexes [Cp*(iPr2MeP)FeH2SiHR]+, generated and characterized in solution, are very efficient catalysts for the hydrosilation of terminal alkenes and internal alkynes by primary silanes at low catalyst loading (0.1 mol%) and ambient temperature.
Conformationally adaptable macrocyclic receptors for ditopic anions: analysis of chelate cooperativity in aqueous containing media
Authors: Berry Stuart N. , Qin Lei , Lewis William , Jolliffe Katrina A.
Published: June 2020

Chelate cooperativity impacts the binding affinities of dicarboxylates of different sizes to flexible thiourea macrocycles in aqueous DMSO.
A metal and nitrogen doped carbon composite with both oxygen reduction and evolution active sites for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Fang Jinjie , Zhang Xuejiang , Wang Xingdong , Liu Di , Xue Yanrong , Xu Zhiyuan , Zhang Yufeng , Song Chun , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin
Published: June 2020

A metal carbon composite Fe,Ni–N–C/N-CNT with both Fe–Nx and in situ generated NiFe2O4 nanoparticles has both good ORR and OER activities.
PEA2SnBr4: a water-stable lead-free two-dimensional perovskite and demonstration of its use as a co-catalyst in hydrogen photogeneration and organic-dye degradation
Authors: Romani Lidia , Bala Anu , Kumar Vijay , Speltini Andrea , Milella Antonella , Fracassi Francesco , Listorti Andrea , Profumo Antonella , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: June 2020

A novel 2D lead-free perovskite showing stability in water and providing efficient hydrogen photogeneration.
High light induces species specific changes in the membrane lipid composition of Chlorella
Authors: Widzgowski Janka , Vogel Alexander , Altrogge Lena , Pfaff Julia , Schoof Heiko , Usadel Björn , Nedbal Ladislav , Schurr Ulrich , Pfaff Christian
Published: June 2020

Algae have evolved several mechanisms to adjust to changing environmental conditions. To separate from their surroundings, algal cell membranes form a hydrophobic barrier that is critical for life. Thus, it is important to maintain or adjust the physical and biochemical properties of cell membranes which are exposed to environmental factors. Especially glycerolipids of thylakoid membranes, the site of photosynthesis and photoprotection within chloroplasts, are affected by different light conditions. Since little is known about membrane lipid remodeling upon different light treatments, we examined light induced alterations in the glycerolipid composition of the two Chlorella species, C. vulgaris and C. sorokiniana, which differ strongly in their ability to cope with different light intensities. Lipidomic analysis and isotopic labeling experiments revealed differences in the composition of their galactolipid species, although both species likely utilize galactolipid precursors originated from the endoplasmic reticulum. However, in silico research of de novo sequenced genomes and ortholog mapping of proteins putatively involved in lipid metabolism showed largely conserved lipid biosynthesis pathways suggesting species specific lipid remodeling mechanisms, which possibly have an impact on the response to different light conditions.
Attack of the NETs! NETosis primes IL-1β-mediated inflammation in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Lee Man K.S. , Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Nagareddy Prabhakara R. , Murphy Andrew J.
Published: June 2020

In volume 133 issue 4 of Clinical Science, Liu et al. showed that neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs) in the setting of diabetes which acts as a stimulus for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages to promote IL1β-dependent exacerbation of inflammation. They also provide evidence to show that degrading NETs improves the wound healing process. These findings provide an insight into how NETs communicate with other cells in the vicinity (e.g. macrophages) to exacerbate the inflammatory response. Most importantly, they provide novel avenues to improve wound healing process such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) by targeting NETs.
Coherence analysis of road safe speed and driving behaviour from floating car data
Authors: Colombaroni Chiara , Fusco Gaetano , Isaenko Natalia
Published: June 2020

In the Intelligent Transportation Systems, integration of different components of the classical driver‐vehicle‐infrastructure system is supported by advances in technology and communications. This study presents a general road safety analysis framework that exploits different types of data on traffic, geometry, and accidents to develop a Road Safety Analysis Center and an on‐board Road Safety Driver Advisory. The Road Safety Analysis Center considers different sources of data: accident inventories, road geometry, and floating car data, which reveal drivers' behavior. Floating car data are also exploited to derive mathematically the longitudinal parameters of ancient roads, which are crucial to estimate safety conditions in curves. The critical points of the network are revealed by an aggregate analysis of accidents distribution on the roads, while the drivers' behaviour is addressed on a disaggregated level, by the evaluation of speeds distributions with a dense spatial detail. The comparison between speeds distributions, safety conditions, and accident occurrence is useful to individuate the portions of the network to be enforced with safety measures and support drivers with an advanced onboard speed advisory system. This methodology is applied to several extra‐urban roads in the Latium region, Italy, to individuate roads with higher values of critical indices.
Internet of things assisted public security management platform for urban transportation using hybridised cryptographic‐integrated steganography
Authors: Bi Dexu , Kadry Seifedine , Kumar Priyan Malarvizhi
Published: June 2020

In cloud computing, data sharing and security are considered as the significant challenging issues in the present era. Until recently, considering secure data sharing in the cloud, several problems have been taken into consideration, such as data security, privacy, data integrity, confidentiality and resource scheduling. In this study, the hybridised cryptographic‐integrated steganography (HCIS) algorithm has been used with auxiliary data inputs for secured data sharing in an internet of things assisted cloud environment for the urban transportation system. Further, the cryptography or cryptology generates code that provides a high level of privacy to the group or individual who can access cloud data. Furthermore, cryptography converts data into a secure format that is readable by an authorised user and steganography helps to transmit secret data to avoid the detection of information. The confidential data is extracted at its destination, and the encryption key has been utilised for hiding or effectively protecting data. The experimental results show that efficient and secure data sharing with multi‐owners in cloud computing has been achieved using the HCIS method.
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey
Authors: Le Fèvre O. , Béthermin M. , Faisst A. , Jones G. C. , Capak P. , Cassata P. , Silverman J. D. , Schaerer D. , Yan L. , Amorin R. , Bardelli S. , Boquien M. , Cimatti A. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Giavalisco M. , Hathi N. P. , Fudamoto Y. , Fujimoto S. , Ginolfi M. , Gruppioni C. , Hemmati S. , Ibar E. , Koekemoer A. , Khusanova Y. , Lagache G. , Lemaux B. C. , Loiacono F. , Maiolino R. , Mancini C. , Narayanan D. , Morselli L. , Méndez-Hernàndez Hugo , Oesch P. A. , Pozzi F. , Romano M. , Riechers D. , Scoville N. , Talia M. , Tasca L. A. M. , Thomas R. , Toft S. , Vallini L. , Vergani D. , Walter F. , Zamorani G. , Zucca E.
Published: June 2020

The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey is aimed at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). The ALMA Large Program to INvestigate (ALPINE) features 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158 μm line and far infrared (FIR) continuum emission during the period of rapid mass assembly, right after the end of the HI reionization, at redshifts of 4 <  z <  6. We present the survey science goals, the observational strategy, and the sample selection of the 118 galaxies observed with ALMA, with an average beam minor axis of about 0.85″, or ∼5 kpc at the median redshift of the survey. The properties of the sample are described, including spectroscopic redshifts derived from the UV-rest frame, stellar masses, and star-formation rates obtained from a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. The observed properties derived from the ALMA data are presented and discussed in terms of the overall detection rate in [CII] and FIR continuum, with the observed signal-to-noise distribution. The sample is representative of the SFG population in the main sequence at these redshifts. The overall detection rate in [CII] is 64% for a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) threshold larger than 3.5 corresponding to a 95% purity (40% detection rate for S/N >  5). Based on a visual inspection of the [CII] data cubes together with the large wealth of ancillary data, we find a surprisingly wide range of galaxy types, including 40% that are mergers, 20% extended and dispersion-dominated, 13% compact, and 11% rotating discs, with the remaining 16% too faint to be classified. This diversity indicates that a wide array of physical processes must be at work at this epoch, first and foremost, those of galaxy mergers. This paper sets a reference sample for the gas distribution in normal SFGs at 4 <  z <  6, a key epoch in galaxy assembly, which is ideally suited for studies with future facilities, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs).
High-resolution transmission spectroscopy of MASCARA-2 b with EXPRES
Authors: Hoeijmakers H. Jens , Cabot Samuel H. C. , Zhao Lily , Buchhave Lars A. , Tronsgaard René , Davis Allen B. , Kitzmann Daniel , Grimm Simon L. , Cegla Heather M. , Bourrier Vincent , Ehrenreich David , Heng Kevin , Lovis Christophe , Fischer Debra A.
Published: June 2020

We report detections of atomic species in the atmosphere of MASCARA-2 b, using the first transit observations obtained with the newly commissioned EXPRES spectrograph. EXPRES is a highly stabilized optical echelle spectrograph, designed to detect stellar reflex motions with amplitudes down to 30 cm s−1, and has recently been deployed at the Lowell Discovery Telescope. By analyzing the transmission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-2 b using the cross-correlation method, we confirm previous detections of Fe I, Fe II, and Na I, which likely originate in the upper regions of the inflated atmosphere. In addition, we report significant detections of Mg I and Cr II. The absorption strengths change slightly with time, possibly indicating different temperatures and chemistry in the day- and nightside terminators. Using the effective stellar line-shape variation induced by the transiting planet, we constrain the projected spin-orbit misalignment of the system to 1.6 ± 3.1 degrees, consistent with an aligned orbit. We demonstrate that EXPRES joins a suite of instruments capable of phase-resolved spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres.