bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity in patients with coronavirus pneumonia
Authors: Makiev Ruslan G. , Mironov Ilya V.
Published: April 2024

The prognostic value of telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity in patients with severe coronavirus pneumonia was assessed. In this observational prospective study, 53 patients suffering from coronavirus pneumonia were enrolled, who were divided into two groups depending on the severity of the clinical course: group 1 had a nonsevere course (n = 16) and group 2 had a severe course (n = 37). Venous blood was collected from all patients and subjected to molecular genetic testing to determine telomere length and lymphocyte telomerase activity. The prognostic value of telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity in patients with coronavirus pneumonia has been established. Patients suffering from severe coronavirus pneumonia had lower telomere length values upon admission and discharge than those suffering from a nonsevere disease course. Thus, in group 1, the telomere length upon admission was 6.343 nucleotide pairs, whereas in group 2, the telomere length was significantly (p 0.001) lower, with 5,264 nucleotide pairs. At discharge, the telomere length in both groups decreased significantly (p 0.001) compared with baseline levels, with 5.654 nucleotide pairs in patients in group 1 and 3.274 in group 2. The comparison of the number of patients in groups according to the level of telomerase activity showed a positive relationship between the severity of pneumonia and telomerase activity. Thus, a high level of telomerase activity upon hospital admission was observed in 2 (12.5%) patients in group 1 and 9 (24.3%) in group 2. The average level of telomerase activity was observed in 3 (18.8%) patients in group 1 and 15 (40.6%) in group 2. A low level of telomerase activity was detected in 11 (68.7%) patients in group 1 and in 13 (35.1%) patients in group 2, although no significant intragroup differences in this indicator were detected. At hospital discharge, no patients in group 1 had a high level of enzyme activity, but 4 (10.8%) people in group 2 had it. The average level of telomerase activity was established in 3 (18.8%) patients in group 1 and in 15 (40.6%) in group 2, without significant intragroup differences. A low level of telomerase activity was detected in 13 (81.2%) and 18 (48.7%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.028). All these findings indicate the prospect of using these indicators as factors for the prognosis and outcome of coronavirus pneumonia.
The 50th anniversary of corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pavel N. Romashchenko
Authors: Maistrenko Nikolay A. , Sazonov Alexei A. , Krivolapov Denis S. , Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V.
Published: April 2024

February 22, 2024, marks the 50th anniversary of Pavel N. Romashchenko, a famous scientist, specialist in the field of endocrine, abdominal surgery, and oncology, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, and colonel of the medical service. For more than 30 years, his life has been inextricably linked with the S.P. Fedorov Faculty of Surgery of the Military Medical Academy names after S.M. Kirov, where he worked his way up from a cadet to the head of the department. In the walls of his alma mater, he evolved into a brilliant clinician, scientist, and leader, defended his doctoral dissertation, and received the title of professor. His fundamental work, as well as scientific research conducted in the clinic under his leadership, substantiated diagnostic and treatment algorithms and expanded the possibilities of using innovative and minimally invasive technologies in endocrine and abdominal surgery. Over the years of P.N. Romashchenko’s leadership of the department and clinic, much has been done to improve it with modern equipment, allowing it to perform various surgical and diagnostic interventions as part of the provision of specialized and high-tech surgical care. P.N. Romashchenko was awarded the honorary title “Honorary Doctor of the Russian Federation”. Under his leadership, 2 doctoral and 10 candidate dissertations were defended. P.N. Romashchenko is the author of more than 460 scientific works, including 14 monographs on various areas of endocrine and abdominal surgery. Currently, Pavel Nikolaevich successfully manages various scientific research as well as training scientific, pedagogical, and medical personnel.
Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Adil Dünya İnancı ile Çocuklarda Mükerrer Suça Sürüklenme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Erzurum İl Örneği
Authors: Gülmez Şule Zehra , Demirden Ahmet , Durak Mustafa
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, mükerrer suça sürüklenmenin çocukluk çağı travmatik yaşantılar ve adil dünya inancı ile ilişkisinin Erzurum İl örneğinde incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 2021-2022 yılları içerisinde Erzurum ili sınırları içindeki Erzurum Adliyesinde suç dosyası bulunan, ilk suça sürüklenme tarihinde 12-18 yaş aralığında olan, sosyal inceleme raporu düzenlemek amacıyla görüşme yapılan 174 suça sürüklenen çocuk katılımcı olarak dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada demografik özellikler, çocukluk çağı travmalar ve adil dünya inancı yönünden ilk defa suça sürüklenen çocuklar ile mükerrer suça sürüklenen çocuklar arasında nasıl farklılık gösterdiği parametre dışı testler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda mükerrer suça sürüklenen çocukların ilk defa suça sürüklenen çocuklara göre eğitime devam etmedikleri, annelerinin eğitim seviyelerinin daha düşük olduğu, aile gelir düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu, sigara ve alkol kullanımının daha fazla olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Mükerrer suça sürüklenen çocukların ilk defa suça sürüklenen çocuklara göre daha fazla çocukluk çağı travmatik deneyim yaşadıkları ve adil dünya inançlarının düşük olduğu görülmüş olup, ayrıca çocukluk çağı travmalar ve adil dünya inancı kavramları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Keşif çalışması olarak tanımlanabilecek bu araştırmamızın sonuçlarının Erzurum İli özelinde veya ülke genelinde genellenebilmesi için sonuçlarının farklı araştırmalarda test edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Metacomprensión y Desarrollo Cognitivo en la Autorregulación del Aprendizaje del Adolescente
Authors: Suárez-Rojas Myriam-Soraya , Hernandez-Ballestas Maira-Alejandra , Orozco-Gutiérrez Marbeli
Published: April 2024

Introducción: Los procesos mentales son fundamentales en el aprendizaje de los adolescentes, siendo relevante el desarrollo de la cognición y la metacognición para mejorar su autorregulación, específicamente en la modalidad metacomprensiva y sus componentes: Planificación, Monitoreo, Evaluación y Conocimiento condicional. Objetivo: Analizar los procesos mentales que permiten la metacomprensión en el desarrollo cognitivo de los adolescentes, en Instituciones Educativas de Colombia. Metodología: Enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño transeccional no experimental, con un alcance correlacional. Se aplicaron los instrumentos MAI –Inventario de Habilitades Metacognitivas– y MoCA –Montreal Cognitive Assessment–, a una población de 407 estudiantes de secundaria de zonas rurales y urbanas, de diferentes regiones de Colombia. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos en cuanto a la metacomprensión y el desarrollo cognitivo, se vieron reflejados en la capacidad que tienen la mayoría de los estudiantes de evaluar su proceso de aprendizaje, usando diferentes estrategias metacognitivas. Así mismo, planifican sus actividades académicas, organizan su tiempo de estudio, lo cual los habilita para resolver problemas, priorizar objetivos y seleccionar las mejores herramientas; saben monitorear sus procesos de aprendizaje durante el desarrollo de las tareas y los ajustan para mejorar su desempeño. Conclusiones: La metacognición, en su modalidad metacomprensión, es uno de los procesos más relevantes en la Autorregulación del Aprendizaje, pues le permite a los adolescentes ser conscientes de cómo y hasta dónde aprenden, permitiendo la ejecución de procesos como planificación, monitoreo, control y autoevaluación del aprendizaje, los cuales se encuentran estrechamente relacionados con la variable del desarrollo cognitivo de la atención y sus subprocesos: orientación, concentración y flexibilidad.
Facial Onset Sensory and Motor Neuronopathy with Neurotrophic Keratitis: A Case Report
Authors: Khalili Rozita , Abualhayjaa Ahmad , Bertorini Tulio
Published: April 2024

Facial-onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by sensory loss and motor deficits, primarily affecting the face and upper extremities. The condition begins with sensory impairments in the trigeminal nerve distribution, extending to involve the scalp, neck, upper limbs, and trunk. Symptoms include facial weakness, bulbar disturbances (dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and sialorrhea), and lower motor neuron signs (weakness, atrophy, fasciculation, and cramps) in the limbs. A hallmark of FOSMN is the diminished or absent corneal reflex, indicating trigeminal nerve involvement and leading to potential complications like neurotrophic keratitis (NK), which can cause corneal ulceration and blindness. The etiology of FOSMN remains uncertain, with theories proposing autoimmune or neurodegenerative origins. Diagnosis is challenging due to the overlap with other ocular surface disorders, necessitating careful examination and differential diagnosis. Management focuses on symptomatic relief, including eye protection to prevent corneal complications. Awareness and early detection of ocular symptoms in FOSMN are crucial for preventing severe outcomes like NK and blindness.
Opportunities & Challenges of Artificial Intelligent-Powered Technology in Healthcare
Authors: Anwer M. Sawkat
Published: April 2024

Artificial Intelligent (AI)-powered technology is expected to significantly alter the way healthcare is delivered. Artificial Intelligence tools, such as machine learning and deep learning, have shown promise in supporting diagnostic assessments, recommending treatments, guiding surgical care, monitoring patients, supporting population health management, and enhancing drug development research. These tools at varying stages of maturity can also reduce provider burden and increase efficiency by recording digital notes, optimizing operational processes, and automating laborious tasks. Challenges surrounding AI tools include high-quality data access, potentially biased data, inadequate transparency, and uncertainty over liability. Fundamental changes in governmental oversight of health care, industry-hospital communication, the patient-provider relationship, and human-AI cooperation will be necessary to take advantage of the opportunities and overcome the challenges. We need to be critical and at the same time receptive as we embrace AI tools to deliver healthcare. It would be important to maintain human oversight and control to avoid unintended consequences of runaway machines making life and death decisions.
Aprendizagem Significativa no Ensino a Distância: Possibilidades a partir da Análise Documental da Disciplina “Educação e Cultura Corporal: Fundamentos e Práticas” no Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo (UNIVESP)
Authors: Joaquim Ananda Raquel de Souza , Machado Isadora
Published: April 2024

A educação a distância surgiu a partir da necessidade de ofertar educação básica à população vulnerável. Com o passar dos anos, o ensino a distância cresceu vertiginosamente, passando por intenso processo de expansão de vagas e tipos de cursos. No Brasil, houve medidas decisivas que permitiram não apenas a regulação da educação a distância como também a criação do sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil e, mais recentemente, da Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo (UNIVESP). O interesse pela discussão do tema teve início a partir da experiência dos autores na prática de atuação como facilitadores nas disciplinas que acompanharam durante a trajetória no curso de pós-graduação lato sensu da UNIVESP. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar e analisar as possibilidades do emprego da aprendizagem significativa na educação a distância a partir de disciplina ofertada no curso de Pedagogia da UNIVESP.  
 
Palavras-chave: Educação à distância. Freire. Ausubel. Aprendizagem significativa.
Por meio de uma Experiência Estética, como Observar a Importância dos Conectores à Produção Textual
Authors: Barros Ramos Jacqueline de Farias
Published: April 2024

O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar uma experiência estética construída a partir da produção de textos autorais, fazendo uso de conectivos, em aulas remotas de Língua Portuguesa, Literatura e Produção Textual, no ano de 2021, direcionadas à qualificação de estudantes para o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Assim, propõe-se evidenciar que o texto do discente, para alcançar o objetivo de transmitir um significado, deve perpassar ofertas (realizadas pelo docente-mediador) de possibilidades de observação dos tempos do homem e sua historicidade para a sensibilização do seu olhar ao processo enunciativo de produção textual e à ampliação do seu repertório sociocultural a fim de que, oportunamente, tenha condições de organizar o pensamento sobre a sua própria existência e sobre os contextos dos quais participa. Isso posto, há de se recorrer à compreensão filosófica do termo mythos. O termo compreende as narrativas que apresentam aos entes suas origens, desde a Antiguidade, e, ainda hoje, por diferentes meios (físicos ou virtuais) e formas (gêneros textuais multimodais, filmes e outros), traduzem a sociedade como um conjunto de indivíduos que precisam coexistir por relações de sentido. Portanto, essas são condições sine qua non à revelação de um discurso próprio e ao compartilhamento de uma mensagem efetiva e sedutora.
 
Palavras-chave: Conectivos. Produção textual. ENEM. Mythos.
Aplicação da Metodologia Ativa Problem Based Learning no Projeto Integrador da UNIVESP
Authors: Maia André Augusto , Amaral Edilene Ponce do , Santos Guilherme Bugatti dos , Toledo Maria Elena Roman de Oliveira , Rosalem Nicolas , Freitas Rodrigo Greggio de
Published: April 2024

A modalidade EaD tem crescido e se consolidado no Brasil exigindo a criação e utilização de metodologias adequadas de ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar como é aplicada a metodologia ativa no Projeto Integrador da UNIVESP e propor melhorias para este modelo. As metodologias ativas como a Problem Based Learning são utilizadas em modelos pedagógicos como o da UNIVESP objetivando colocar o aluno como centro do processo pedagógico em busca da formação de um profissional alinhado as demandas atuais da sociedade. O projeto integrador é uma atividade obrigatória e recorrente na UNIVESP que adaptou métodos como o design thinking e a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas para aplicação EaD Apesar de bem estabelecida e estruturada, a prática demonstra possibilidade de ajustes, fato que despertou interesse de tutores para a análise das teorias e experiências externas com o método, em busca de identificar possíveis pontos de melhoria que auxiliassem a UNIVESP e eventuais instituições de ensino a distância. Foram pontuadas questões referentes a formação dos grupos de alunos utilizando pré-avaliações de conhecimento sobre o tema e das técnicas requeridas, aplicação de avaliações de engajamento durante a atividade, necessidade de observar o perfil dos tutores e promover treinamentos de aproximação aos temas propostos, obrigatoriedade de registro das discussões em grupo para devolutivas e adequado suporte ao grupo, ajuste nos temas propostos para aumento da motivação dos alunos bem como coibir a reapresentação de projetos.
 
Palavras-chave: EaD. Metodologias ativas. PBL. Projeto integrador.
Análise de Canais do YouTube como Objetos de Aprendizagem de Suporte ao Estudo de Cálculo I em Cursos da Área de Ciências Exatas
Authors: Divino Isabela Aparecida , Rodrigues Moreira Mariele , Sierra Daniel Alfonso , Shiraishi Rodrigo Naoto , Herrera Victoria Alejandra Salazar
Published: April 2024

A videoaula deixou de ser apenas uma coadjuvante da aprendizagem, e tem sido cada vez mais agregada à rotina de estudos de alunos em diferentes níveis educacionais. Com o interesse cada vez mais crescente, surge a inquietação em relação à eficácia dos modelos de ensino utilizados nestes materiais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise de canais de Matemática do YouTube apontados por alunos dos cursos da área de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo que fazem uso deste recurso como complementação aos estudos. Para isso, utilizou-se os 12 princípios da aprendizagem multimídia formulada por Richard Mayer: Coerência,
A videoaula deixou de ser apenas uma coadjuvante da aprendizagem, e tem sido cada vez mais agregada à rotina de estudos de alunos em diferentes níveis educacionais. O uso de videoaulas do YouTube como ferramenta complementar é cada vez mais crescente, independente da área de estudo. Entretanto, é escassa a literatura em relação à eficácia dos modelos de ensino utilizados nestas videoaulas. Tendo em vista a dificuldade por parte dos alunos na aprendizagem em matemática, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento e análise dos principais canais de Matemática do YouTube assistidos por alunos dos cursos da área de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo como complementaridade aos estudos. Para isso, aplicaram-se os doze princípios da aprendizagem multimídia formulada por Richard Mayer: Coerência, Sinalização, Redundância, Contiguidade espacial, Contiguidade temporal, Segmentação, Pré-treinamento, Modalidade, Multimídia, Personalização, Voz e Imagem. Foram coletadas informações dos canais acessados pelos estudantes por meio de um formulário e selecionados os cinco canais com maior número de visualizações na plataforma YouTube. Após a análise constatou-se que boa parte dos princípios está presente na didática dos professores que dirigem os canais, sendo os que mais apareceram: redundância, contiguidade temporal, modalidade, personalização, voz e imagem. Ainda assim, detalhes relacionados à questões visuais e de acessibilidade na reprodução dos vídeos podem ser melhorados.
 
Palavras-chave: Objetos de aprendizagem. Tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Ensino superior.  YouTube.
Gestão Escolar e Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação: Um Olhar para Além da Sala de Aula
Authors: Silva Julio Cesar Barreto da , Batista Rosimeire Fernandes Ferreira
Published: April 2024

Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, por revisão bibliográfica, para levantar peculiaridades do emprego das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação sobre a gestão escolar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, cujo objetivo é: 1) apontar os desafios encontrados pela comunidade escolar quanto ao uso e aplicação destas tecnologias; e 2) caracterizar as principais vantagens e desvantagens enfrentadas no processo de gestão sob a aplicação destas tecnologias. Os resultados apontam que gestores necessitam de constante atualização e capacitação quanto ao uso de recursos e ferramentas digitais para promoverem uma maior integração, dinamismo e eficiência à transmissão da informação e comunicação e, por sua vez, a melhoria de todo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Outrossim, deve haver uma articulação de gestores com toda a comunidade escolar e com os gestores educacionais de instâncias superiores. Quanto à prática pedagógica, no tocante à implementação e aplicação do uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação no processo educacional, deve estar bem definida e sob normas claras, em consonância à Base Nacional Comum Curricular, às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educação e ao Projeto Político Pedagógico.
Redes sociales como escenarios para la visibilización de las violencias basadas en género durante la pandemia de covid-19 en Colombia
Authors: Muñoz-Zapata Doris Elena , Osorio-Franco Johanna Marcela
Published: April 2024

El propósito de esta investigación es identificar las problematizaciones predominantes en cuentas feministas colombianas de Instagram, sobre las violencias basadas en género durante el primer año de la pandemia de covid-19. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó una etnografía digital basada en los preceptos de la netnografía, como alternativa para detallar los mundos sociales construidos a partir de los grupos en línea. A partir de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del trabajo de campo en línea se seleccionaron 50 contenidos de @lainsumisa y 20 contenidos de @feministasenconstrucción, publicados entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021, los cuales se analizaron mediante técnicas de análisis del discurso. Entre los hallazgos se discuten las siguientes categorías emergentes: el trabajo no remunerado en el hogar, el acoso romantizado, la gordofobia y la vulneración a las mujeres negras y racializadas. Al respecto, se plantea el ciberactivismo como una oportunidad para el surgimiento de colectivos y redes de apoyo para las mujeres que luchan por la equidad de género y por sus derechos, hacia el cuestionamiento de ideas patriarcales que atentan contra su bienestar.
Dry Eye and its Relationship with Status of Serum Calcium in the Body at a Tertiary Care Institute: A Case Control Study
Authors: Patil Mrunal , Balwir Dhiraj , Khune Ajit , Dhewale Saurabh
Published: April 2024

Background: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of dryness, grittiness, redness, burning sensation or any discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability leading to potential damage to ocular surface. The tear film consists of three layers starting from within outwards mucus, the aqueous layer and the lipid layer. The tear film and ocular surface form a complex and stable system that can lose its equilibrium through numerous disturbing factors. Studies which also involve tests of tear functions including Schirmer's test, Tear break-up time, Fluorescein staining for determination of dry eye have found generally low prevalence rates.Hence the physiology of tear film and its binding with the eye shows that there is some involvement of serum calcium level with dry eye. The present study encourages us to assess the role of serum calcium level with patients of dry eye. Aims and Objective: To assess the role of calcium with dry eye. Material and Methods: Total 90 subjects (30 cases and 60 controls) who met the selection criteria were included in the study. Serum analysis has been done for calcium level in the body in the patients of dry eye.The study was conducted between August 2014 to November 2016. Results: The lower serum level of calcium was significantly associated with dry eyes in the study. Conclusion: Calcium plays an important role in the causative mechanism of dry eye in the patients of dry eye disease.
Архитектурно-градостроительный анализ квартальной застройки в городе Астана в 1950-х годах
Authors: Мамедов С.Э. , Орынтай Г.Ж.
Published: April 2024

В советское время Астана строилась по квартальной застройке, сделав анализ можно заметить отрицательные и положительные архитектурно-градостроительные решения. В этой статье авторы расмотрели все проблемы квартальной застройки.
Значение иностранного языка в сфере агрономии
Authors: Малышкин Д.С. , Мозжерина У.Р.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье описываются значение иностранного языка в сфере сельского хозяйства. Говорится о его пользе, и необходимости его изучения в современном сельском хозяйстве, а так же приведены примеры взаимодействия английского языка и сферы агрономии.
Мобильная электроника как платформа для программного обеспечения сельхозпредприятий
Authors: Моисеев С.А. , Рябкин Е.А. , Неяскин Н.Н.
Published: April 2024

В статье представлен анализ мобильных электронных устройств с точки зрения применения их как платформы для специализированного программного обеспечения. Произведена оценка возможных рисков, связанных с особенностью технического исполнения устройств при использовании их в растениеводческих предприятиях. И сделан вывод об возможной необходимости специализированных устройств, обладающих повышенной выносливостью к действию факторов внешней среды и подходящих для использования специализированных приложений.
Определение объемов наносов и заилений, подлежащих удалению со дна и откосов осушительных каналов мелиоративных систем
Authors: Абдулмажидов Х.А.
Published: April 2024

Строительство мелиоративных осушительных каналов на территориях сельскохозяйственного назначения с проектными, геометрическим размерами: глубиной, заложением откосов, шириной по дну и по верху, требуемыми уклонами; связано с необходимостью обеспечения оптимальной нормы осушения для конкретных видов сельскохозяйственных культур. В процессе эксплуатации элементов осушительной сети, в виду неизбежного появления наносов и заилений, проектные размеры каналов нарушаются; глубина каналов уменьшается, также и площадь поперечного сечения уменьшается. Все это ведет к нарушению нормы осушения. Для проведения очистных работ необходимо определить объемы наносов и заилений, подлежащих удалению из русла каналов.
Основные тенденции внедрения информационных технологий в образование
Authors: Анциферова А.С.
Published: April 2024

Интеграция информационных технологий в образование — это сложный и многомерный процесс с различной динамикой, включающий в себя связь цифровой культуры, компетентности преподавателей, учащихся и инноваций в образовательных программах. В этой статье представлен обзор литературы для анализа того, как в последние годы развивалась учебная интеграция образовательных информационных технологий в аудиторную практику
Тенденции развития пользовательских интерфейсов операционных систем
Authors: Моисеев К.О. , Трофимова А.О.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена анализу и обзору современных тенденций в развитии пользовательских интерфейсов операционных систем. Развитие технологий и изменения в потребительском поведении ставят перед разработчиками задачу постоянного совершенствования интерфейсов для обеспечения оптимального взаимодействия между человеком и технической средой. Особое внимание уделяется улучшениям в области персонализации, безопасности и мобильности, предоставляя читателям всесторонний обзор текущего состояния и перспектив развития пользовательских интерфейсов в мире операционных систем.
Разработка приложения автоматического дистанционного обновления ПО ТК ОПСГ на полигоне ОАО «РЖД»
Authors: Пьянков Д.С.
Published: April 2024

Предметная область – тренажерный комплекс оперативного персонала сортировочной горки. Приложение проверяет наличие обновлений, распределяет файлы по всем компьютерам тренажерного комплекса и выполняет обновление. Если обновление завершено успешно, версия тренажерного комплекса меняется. Если обновление завершено с ошибкой хотя бы на одном компьютере, обновление отменяется на всем тренажерном комплексе.
Разработка автоматизированной системы «Веб-ресурс для музыкантов»
Authors: Ткач Д.А. , Рожнов А.А. , Фѐдоров Д.А.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье изучается процесс разработки автоматизированной системы «Вебресурс для музыкантов». Рассматриваются основные подходы к созданию веб-сайта, проектируются модели и интерфейс ИС, анализируются программно-технические средства, а также разрабатываются база данных и рекомендации по применению.
Конституционно-правовые основы формирования государственной политики в сфере энергетической безопасности
Authors: Гуляева Е.В.
Published: April 2024

В статье исследовано конституционно-правовые основы формирования государственной политики в сфере энергетической безопасности Российской Федерации. Проанализированы конституционно-правовые нормы, составляющие правовой базис реализации государственной политики в сфере энергетической безопасности. Охарактеризованы нормативные правовые, в том числе документы стратегического планирования, основанные на положениях Конституции Российской Федерации, обеспечивающие реализацию государственной политики в сфере энергетической безопасности Российской Федерации.
Системы и виды электрического освещения. Требования нормативных документов к аварийному освещению безопасности и аварийному эвакуационному освещению
Authors: Коркина Е.Ю. , Сафронова И.Г.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассмотрены системы и виды электрического освещения, представлены требования нормативных документов к эвакуационному и аварийному освещению, а также, приведена статистика пожаров, связанных с нарушением правил пожарной безопасности при устройстве и эксплуатации электрооборудования.
Интеграция волоконно-оптических датчиков в системы автоматического контроля и управления
Authors: Сафин М.А. , Курбангалиева Т.О.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассматриваются основные принципы работы волоконно-оптических датчиков, их преимущества, а также возможности использования в системе мониторинга гражданских сооружений. Описывается процесс установки волоконно-оптических датчиков и примеры их использования в системах контроля и управления производственными процессами, обсуждаются технические особенности.
Решение задачи об изгибе неоднородной круглой пластины методом частичной дискретизации
Authors: Калжанова Г.К.
Published: April 2024

В Механике деформируемого твердого тела особый интерес представляют задачи, связанные с изгибами гибких пластин и оболочек, работающих в неравномерном температурном поле. Такие задачи широко встречаются в прикладных проблемах машиностроения, строительного и нефтепромыслового дела, водного и воздушного транспорта. При математическом рассмотрении подобного рода задач приходится иметь дело с системами линейных дифференциальных уравнений с переменными коэффициентами и нелинейными членами. В большинстве случаев получение аналитического решения таких задач представляет значительные математические трудности. Метод частичной дискретизации, разработанный видным ученым Казахстана, д.ф.-м.н., профессором Абиболлой Назаровичем Тюреходжаевым на основе теории обобщенных функций, позволяет получать аналитические решения таких задач. В статье метод частичной дискретизации продемонстрирован на задаче, сводящейся к исследованию системы несвязанных дифференциальных уравнений и имеющей точное решение. Рассматривается сложный изгиб неоднородной гибкой круглой пластины с отверстием, температурное поле которой изменяется по толщине пластины. Исследован случай равномерного распределения поперечной нагрузки по всей поверхности пластины, без учета растяжения на изгиб. Произведены численные расчеты, результаты которых даны в виде сравнительных кривых угла поворота и прогиба круглой пластины, полученных методом частичной дискретизации дифференциальных уравнений и построенных по точному решению задачи.
История применения паровых турбин в России
Authors: Павлюк А.П.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается история применения паровых турбин в России. Автор подробно описывает основные этапы развития этой технологии, начиная с первых опытов в XIX веке и заканчивая современным состоянием дел. Особое внимание уделяется отечественному производству паровых турбин и их использованию в различных отраслях промышленности.
Environment risk and impact assessment of the use of mercury for gold mining in the Santurban Paramo area, Colombia
Authors: Ortega -Ramirez Angie Tatiana , Moreno Daniela Garcia
Published: April 2024

Gold mining in the Santurban Paramo in Colombia contributes to the development and growth of the region by generating employment and income for the inhabitants. However, the benefits of this activity may be offset by the use of mercury in the amalgamation stage of gold production. Mercury is a heavy metal that is highly toxic and harmful to the health of people who are directly or indirectly involved in gold mining and causes damage to the environment, such as deterioration of vegetation cover, harmful effects to flora and fauna in the Paramo, disappearance of endemic species, and reduced quality of natural resources (water, soil, and air). This research seeks to analyze the different environmental impacts and risks of inadequate handling of mercury in gold mining. To do so, the mining activity process and the area of influence were first characterized and evaluated. Next, soil and air mercury concentrations were measured in the mining areas considered under this study. In the municipalities of California and Surata in the Santurban Paramo, values between 160– 226 g/t of mercury were measured in the production plants. Finally, the environmental impacts were evaluated with the help of an environmental risk matrix, obtaining higher risk indexes in natural resource quality and effects on flora and fauna of the Santurban Paramo.
Territorial manufacturing system of the Volga-Ural macroregion: Trends of polarization 2005–2021 and development potential
Authors:   Saratov State University, Preobrazhenskiy Yuri V. , Moiseev Denis S. ,   Saratov State University
Published: April 2024

The application of a multi-scale approach to the study of socio-economic processes makes it possible to see the importance of large (first, second and third in terms of population in their regions) cities for the formation of a territorial production system of supra-regional education as a whole. In this paper, based on data on the population and the value of the manufacturing industry of large cities of the Volga-Ural macroregion, their dynamics in the period 2005–2021 was traced. Theoretical analysis. The necessity of analyzing the existing territorial structures of the economy at the supra-regional level (macroregion level) is substantiated. The change in the contribution of the largest cities of the VolgaUral macro-region to the population and output of the manufacturing industry of the regions is traced, on the basis of which a typology ofcities by the nature of their influence on thesocio-economicspace is made. Based on the gravitational approach, the potential of the industrial interaction fieldwithinthemacroregion isshown. The problems of its brokenconfiguration are discussed, aswell asregional differences in output by industry. Conclusion The analysis made it possible to identify the comparative dynamics of the socio-economic development of large cities of the Volga-Ural macroregion over a fairly long period and typologize it. The analysisshowed the isolated nature of the individualcores of the territorial production system within the macroregion, as well as the need for industrial policy for a positive transformation of the system.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Transformation into Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Presented as a Right Atrial Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Sardari Akram , Salehi Mehrdad , Salahshour Faeze , Mehrakizadeh Ali , Sattartabar Babak
Published: April 2024

Cardiac involvement can occur in lymphoma, with the right heart being predominantlyaffected. The prognosis for patients with cardiac involvement is poor. A 28-year-old man,with a 4-year history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, presented with progressive shortnessof breath and ascites. Chest X-ray (CXR) and CT scan revealed multiple masses in themediastinum. To exclude a pulmonary embolism, the patient underwent CT angiography,which incidentally revealed a filling defect in the right atrium. Trans-esophagealechocardiography confirmed the presence of a mass in the right atrium. Surgery wasperformed to obtain samples of the mediastinal masses and the right atrium mass.Pathological results indicated that the nature of the right atrium mass was diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), suggesting that the Hodgkin’s lymphoma had transformedinto DLBCL. The transformation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma to DLBCL can occur, and cardiacinvolvement is not common. Given that the transformation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma intoDLBCL can occur many years after the initial diagnosis, the authors recommend followup of these patients, as the prognosis may be worse than for non-transformed subtypes.
Dietary Risk Assessment of Cyromazine and Its Analogue Melamine in Evaporated and Infant Milk Samples in Nigeria
Authors: Oyedeji A.O. , Odeyemi B.A. , Azeez L.A.
Published: April 2024

Background: The safety of milk is considered as a significant public health consideration and has been a key concern for consumers worldwide. The concentrations of cyromazine and its metabolic product, melamine, and their dietary risk assessment are investigated in this study.
Methods: A total of 182 milk samples containing 15 brands were sampled between June and December 2022 from major and retail markets in Nigeria. After a solid-phase extraction procedure, the concentrations of the two compounds were determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a Diode-Array Detector. Solid-phase extraction was utilized to extract local and imported evaporated and infant milk with CCl3COOH and CH3CN, followed by clean-up with NH4OH in MeOH. The extracts were analyzed with Agilent High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, including a Zorbax Eclipse+C18 column.
Results: For both melamine and cyromazine, the Limits of Detection and Limits of Quantification were 1.29-1.48 and 3.94-4.50 µg/kg, respectively. The precision (Relative Standard Deviation<1), recovery (99.5–102.5%), and regression (r2=0.989) were all excellent. Melamine concentration ranged between 57.6±18.9 and 930.3±379.9 µg/kg among the samples, and cyromazine was 57.2±12.3 and 670.9±87.8 µg/kg. Brand 2, imported from Holland, had the highest detection frequency for the two analytes. Disturbing levels of melamine were detected in Brand 2, particularly that 75 and 95% of the samples had melamine above the acceptable Maximum Residue Limit.  However, the estimated daily exposure to the two additives was below the allowed daily intake values, and the Hazard Index (HI) in the different milk samples ranged from 0.02 to 1.22, with one sample having HI>1.
Conclusion: The exposure risk of melamine and cyromazine among the general population is acceptable, and smaller HI values demonstrated no significant potential risk for the Nigerian population according to the recommended guidelines. Regulatory agencies are encouraged to step up their surveillance activities to forestall the inclusion of prohibited additives in local and imported milk to protect public health.
Assessing the Knowledge and Purchasing Behavior of Consumers towards Olive Oil in Lebanon
Authors: Shaalan A. , Khatib A. Al , Sakr S. , Sheet I.
Published: April 2024

Background: The olive oil in Lebanon play an essential role in the development of rural communities, providing a source of revenue and employment for most Lebanese population. Due to its high sensory quality and health benefits, olive oil is considered the most widely consumed oil in the Mediterranean area. Considering the factors that affect individual's knowledge of olive oil and consumer purchasing behavior can be difficult due to the diverse culture in Lebanon. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and the impact of sociological-demographic factors on the knowledge and consumer purchasing behavior towards olive oil among the general population in Lebanon.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lebanon between January and March 2021 in which 604 responses have been collected. The questionnaire made up of four dimensions: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, sources and usage of olive oil; and consumer preference part. IBM SPSS V22 was applied to analyze the data for descriptive statistics and chi-square test for independence. p-value of less than 0.05 was employed as the level of significance
Results: The findings revealed that the majority of the participants had only one or two uses of olive oil in their daily life and had minimal knowledge towards it. The association between the knowledge of participants about nutritional properties of olive oil among different sociological-demographic factors as governorate, gender, age and marital status was statistically significant (p<0.05). Participants with poor knowledge about olive oil were highest in Beirut (37.0%) compared to Akkar-North (3.1%). Furthermore, the consumers preferred southern, dark, and strong tasting olive oil in terms of region, color, and flavor with a statistically significant association (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the need to improve consumer awareness of the olive oil's benefits, which will influence their purchasing decisions.
High Prevalence of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Corn and Wheat Grains Grown to Albania: Implications for Food Safety
Authors: Mato L. , Damani Z. , Spahiu J. , Halimi E. , Seiti B. , Topi D.
Published: April 2024

Background: Today, mycotoxins are considered critical contaminants in foodstuffs produced by fungi, highlighting the importance of food safety to human health. The toxigenic fungi invasion and mycotoxin production are highly variable and depend on climate, plant, and agronomic practices. Among these, Aflatoxins (AFs) are considered the most potent toxins. This study investigated the fungi presence and AFB1 contamination in corn and wheat grown in Albania during the 2022 harvesting year.
Methods: Wheat samples were collected during the summer, while corn during the autumn, and further analyzed. Mycological contamination assessment applied the Verband Deutscher Landëirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs ̶ und Forschungsanstalten (VDLUFA) procedures. The AFB1 levels were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The MATLAB R2016b software was applied to perform statistical analysis. The Estimated Daily Intake on AFB1 was calculated to evaluate human exposure.
Results: The genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Penicillium were isolated, with higher rates of contamination in corn and the highest frequency Penicillium genus (77.89%). The Korça region presented a higher fungal load, 104 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g in corn. The AFB1 incidence (88.23%) in corn, was significantly higher than in wheat (4.91%). Additionally, the maximum level in corn was found 69.120 μg/kg, while in wheat, only 0.402 μg/kg. None of the wheat samples, in contrast to the 41.18% of corn samples, exceeded the threshold when referring to the respective Maximum Residue Levels.
Conclusions: Our observation indicates a higher rate of AFB1 contamination in corn than in wheat. The high concentration levels and contamination incidence in corn require targeted interventions to reduce the AFB1 amounts. Strengthened regulation based on scientific evidence can reduce contamination outbreaks, economic implications, and potential benefits, such as increased consumer trust. Our study indicates that the exposure to AFB1 originates from corn consumption among the adult population
Effect of a Course of selected Cawthorne-Cooksey and Frankel Exercises on balance, Coordination and walking speed of Elderly men with Dementia
Authors: Hosseini Sayede Saeedeh , Azimkhani Amin , Abrishami ladan Hosseini
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Aging is a period during which the physiological structures and functions of the bodygradually decrease and a person experiences a significant decrease in various skills. This study aimed tocompare the effect of a selected CawtorneCooksey and Frankel’s exercise course on some physical andmovement factors of elderly men with dementia.
Method: This research, semi-experimental and includes 24 elderly men with dementia, living in TawheedGolamgan Elderly Care Center of Mashhad, purposefully based on Examination (MMSE), in to two groups ,divided. The experimental group performed the selected exercises of Cawtorne Cooksey and Frankel, thecontrol group did not perform any specific exercises during this period. Fullerton test was used to evaluatebalance, tandem gate test was used to evaluate coordination, 10-meter walking test was used for walkingspeed. used to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercises, and covariance analysis and T at the significancelevel of P≤0/05 were used.
Results: The results of the paired t-test illustrated that of the Fullerton advanced balance test (P=0.001),movement coordination (P=0/001), and walking speed (P=0/001) of the experimental group improved afterthe exercise program, while did not show improvement in the control group. the results of the analysis ofcovariance in the pre-test stage did not mark a significant difference between the groups, but in the post-teststage, the scores of the experimental group increased significantly.
Conclusion: It is recommended to use the benefits of these exercises in order to prevent dementia andinclude in the elderly care programs.
Features of Sulfide Mineralization of the Hydrothermal System of Cape Fiolent (Southwestern Crimea)
Authors: Lubnina Natalia V. , Krylov Oleg V. , Bychkov Andrey Yu. , Modin Igor N. , Skobelev Aleksey D. , Kozlova Elena V. , Kosnyreva Maria V. , Kosorukov Vladimir L. , Kosevich Nataliia I. , Palenov Andrey Yu.
Published: April 2024

As a result of generalization of geophysical studies, petro-paleomagnetic and structural-geomorphological analyses, as well as thermodynamic modeling, some features of ore formation in the hydrothermal system of Cape Fiolent (southwestern Crimea) under island arc conditions were revealed. It has been established that the main transformations of rocks of the Middle Jurassic igneous complex of Cape Fiolent occurred under the influence of hydrothermal fluids during the introduction of felsic intrusions during 168–140 Ma. The zones contain sulfide mineralization, the main minerals of which are pyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, chalcopyrite and arsenic pyrite. In the central parts of the hydrothermal alteration zone, massive sulfides are strongly weathered; these zones contain many secondary sulfates. In the marginal parts of hypergenic limonite, yellow-brown goethite prevails in the oxidation zone, yellow jarosite in the center, which is probably due to the large amount of pyrite in the center of the system, which gave more sulfuric acid during oxidation. The presence of native sulfur in the section testifies to the mixing of the acidified hydrothermal solution with seawater. Complex petro-paleomagnetic and magnetometric studies have shown that contact changes and transformation of the contrasting basalt-rhyolite formation occurred along the NNW-trending faults.