bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postretinal Detachment Retinal Displacement: How Best to Detect It?
Authors: Casswell Edward J. , Heeren Tjebo F.C. , Lee Edward , Khabra Komel , Yorston David , Charteris David G.
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The reported incidence of postretinal detachment (RD) macular displacement varies markedly (14–72%). This may in part be due to the imaging modalities used. We compared the ability of 2 types of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging modalities to detect this phenomenon. Methods: Prospective study of 70 eyes with macula-involving RDs. 8 weeks postoperatively, patients underwent FAF imaging with 2 machines: a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) and a digital fundus camera (FC). Images were graded for the presence of hyperautofluorescent RPE (retinal pigment epithelium) ghost vessels, indicative of retinal displacement, by 2 masked, independent graders. Results: In total, 87.1% of FC images were gradable versus 88.6% of cSLO images. Retinal displacement was detectable in 61.4% of FC images versus 52.8% of cSLO images. Vessel shift often appeared more autofluorescent on FC imaging, but choroidal vessels were more visible. Cohen’s agreement between the imaging modalities was 0.50, rated as moderate agreement. For both imaging modalities, the inter- and intragrader agreement was substantial, representing good test-retest reliability. Conclusions: Detection of post-RD retinal displacement was similar between FC and cSLO FAF imaging, with only moderate agreement between both modalities.
Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies in Blood Group Typing
Authors: Fürst Daniel , Tsamadou Chrysanthi , Neuchel Christine , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Mytilineos Joannis , Weinstock Christof
Published: December 2019

Sequencing of the human genome has led to the definition of the genes for most of the relevant blood group systems, and the polymorphisms responsible for most of the clinically relevant blood group antigens are characterized. Molecular blood group typing is used in situations where erythrocytes are not available or where serological testing was inconclusive or not possible due to the lack of antisera. Also, molecular testing may be more cost-effective in certain situations. Molecular typing approaches are mostly based on either PCR with specific primers, DNA hybridization, or DNA sequencing. Particularly the transition of sequencing techniques from Sanger-based sequencing to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to exciting new possibilities in blood group genotyping. We describe briefly the currently available NGS platforms and their specifications, depict the genetic background of blood group polymorphisms, and discuss applications for NGS approaches in immunohematology. As an example, we delineate a protocol for large-scale donor blood group screening established and in use at our institution. Furthermore, we discuss technical challenges and limitations as well as the prospect for future developments, including long-read sequencing technologies.
Erectile Dysfunction Treatment Using Focused Linear Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwaves: Single-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sramkova Tatjana , Motil Igor , Jarkovsky Jiří , Sramkova Katerina
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a new treatment modality for erectile dysfunction (ED). Our aim was to evaluate the treatment outcome of Li-ESWT for ED in single-blind, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial. Methods: Sixty patients were randomized into 2 age-matched groups: Group A – treatment and Group B – placebo. Treatment consisted of 4 sessions on the PiezoWave2 unit (R. Wolf and ELvation Medical). Effectiveness was assessed according to the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), Erectile Hardness Score (EHS), questions 2 and 3 of the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP 2, SEP 3), and Global Assessment Question (GAQ) scores at baseline and 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. We evaluated patient’s and partner’s subjective satisfaction. Results: A statistically significant difference between the groups was found at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment with regard to the quality of erection as measured by the IIEF-5 (p = 0.049 and p < 0.001, respectively), the EHS after week 12 (p < 0.001), an increase in the EHS after 4 and 12 weeks (p = 0.030 and p < 0.001, respectively), after 12 weeks in GAQ (p < 0.001), SEP 2 (p = 0.05), SEP 3 (p < 0.001), and patient’s satisfaction (p < 0.001) and partner’s satisfaction (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The randomized single-blind study confirms that Li-ESWT significantly improves erectile function.
Predictive Factors of Ureterorenoscopy Outcomes in Proximal Ureteral Stones: A Multicenter Study of Aegean Study Group of the Society of Urological Surgery
Authors: Sen Volkan , Irer Bora , Erbatu Oguzcan , Yildiz Alperen , Ongun Şakir , Cinar Onder , Cihan Ahmet , Sahin Mehmet , Sahin Mehmet Oguz , Ucer Oktay , Kizilay Fuat , Bozkurt Ozan ,   Aegean Study Group of the Society of Urological Surgery
Published: December 2019

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the predictive factors in a holistic manner for ureterorenoscopy (URS) outcomes in proximal ureteral stones by a multicenter study. Materials and Methods: The data of patients who underwent URS for proximal ureteral stones between the years 2015 and 2018 in eight centers were recorded retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to URS success: Group 1 consisted of patients with successful URS, and Group 2 consisted of patients with unsuccessful URS. The two groups were compared in terms of risk factors, stone, and clinical characteristics of patients. Results: A total of 638 patients were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 527 (82.6%) patients, and Group 2 consisted of 111 (17.4%) patients. In multivariate logistic analysis, the key risk factors for URS success was found to be age (OR = 0.980, 95% [CI] = 0.963–0.996, p = 0.018), stone area (OR = 0.993, 95% [CI] = 0.989–0.997, p = 0.002), and operation time (OR = 0.981, 95% [CI] = 0.968–0.994, p = 0.005). Conclusions: To make the treatment decision of proximal ureteral stones, it is necessary to examine several parameters including available equipment, stone, and patient characteristics. Physicians should keep these risk factors in mind in the decision of treatment options.
Carta do Editor Convidado
Authors: Dória Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2019

Posto na condição de editor convidado para dar forma a este número da Ingesta, senti-me honrado sobretudo pela confiança em que pudesse situar a nova publicação, já de início, no campo de uma historiografia de certo modo heterodoxa. Heterodoxia já garantida pela filiação da revista ao LEHDA, por si só uma entidade que nasce rompendo paradigmas ao aproximar, como campo de estudo, a alimentação daquilo que as sociedades ocidentais chamaram ao longo do tempo, ou ainda chamam no jargão policial, de “droga”.  Ingesta, ao contrário, aproxima esses domínios igualando-os no tratamento. Este primeiro número deve, no meu entender, servir de chamariz para o mais amplo espectro de intelectuais voltados para o estudo da alimentação ou das drogas, de modo a sentirem que, na Ingesta, qualquer investigação com esses focos, se bem conduzida, terá abrigo em suas páginas. Ingesta quer dar sua contribuição a esse horizonte na medida em que consiga despertar múltiplos interesses entre seus leitores, colocando abaixo os cânones temáticos e as fronteiras disciplinares que hoje organizam o mundo acadêmico.
Práticas sustentáveis temperadas por memórias e experiências
Authors: Abdala Monica
Published: December 2019

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão sobre a experiência do Festival Igarapé Bem Temperado, entendendo-a como parte do mosaico de culturas e tradições de Minas Gerais, do Brasil e de um conjunto de movimentos para preservação do patrimônio cultural do estado. O reconhecimento de expressões locais, a valorização de experiências e saberes femininos relativos a conhecimentos ancestrais com foco na segurança alimentar, assim como a possibilidade tanto de resgatar identidades como de desenvolvimento econômico sustentável, constituem elementos centrais na análise. Trata-se também de investigar as diferentes formas pelas quais as tradições culinárias são ressignificadas, fazendo sentido para os grupos que as reafirmam, ao mesmo tempo  que são manipuladas no bojo da reconstrução permanente do “tradicional e típico” mineiro. Mário de Andrade, Eric Hobsbawm, Carlos Dória e Marcelo Bastos, entre outros autores foram chamados ao diálogo numa tentativa de compreender a dinâmica cultural e política desse jogo de identidades e tradições mineiras.
Comunidade Terapêutica democrática ou nova racionalização de operação do poder psiquiátrico
Authors: Meirelles Beatriz Brandão , Carvalho Jonatas
Published: December 2019

Em meio ao crescimento da formação de Comunidades Terapêuticas no Brasil, bem como de pesquisas que procuram compreender sua lógica, ordem, prática e funcionamento, este artigo pretende apresentar um esboço de dois autores e seus ideários, tomando-os como notas de referência sobre os sentidos das CTs contemporâneas. As ideias de Maxwell Jones e Franco Basaglia são apresentadas para refletir sobre como suas trajetórias em diferentes instituições e modelos de psquiatrias acendeu debates que levam em conta os conceitos de democracia e racionalização para a psiquiatria e a emergência das Comunidades Terapêuticas. Uma das críticas postas era a de que especulações teóricas acabariam por transformar as CTs em instituições modernas e racionalizadas e, por conseguinte, integradas ao sistema sem que se eliminassem as relações de poder. A partir de questões como essas, analisamos pontos colocados por ambos. Seja na descentralização do poder da psiquiatria ou na ambiguidade dialética comunitária, os modelos teórico-práticos propostos pelos autores e apresentados neste artigo colocam em evidência as contradições das instituições no interior dos hospitais psiquiátricos e que nos dão pistas para a compreensão das CTs.
Da “devoração” à hospitalidade
Authors: Adão Francys Silvestrini
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo, o autor propõe uma interpretação de alguns paradigmas alimentares das narrativas bíblicas, em diálogo com a reflexão do exegeta português José Tolentino Mendonça. Uma leitura da evolução do discurso sobre o maná e o banquete, assim como o exame da especificidade de duas grandes festas de Israel, colocarão em evidência utopias, valores e incoerências presentes na organização social deste povo. Entretanto, a força destas narrativas consiste justamente na conservação e na transmissão destas tensões e conflitos, mantendo o caminho aberto para a sadia personalização das novas gerações pertencentes a esta tradição.
A construção de um modelo alimentar para a América Latina
Authors: Muniz Érico Silva
Published: December 2019

O contexto de reenquadramento das preocupações sociais do período entreguerras foi marcado pela criação de instituições e organismos internacionais para a tarefa de “racionalizar” os conhecimentos científicos sobre os alimentos. Sob a justificativa de que somente o crescimento econômico auxiliaria e incorporaria multidões na comunidade econômica global surgiam as primeiras políticas de assistência alimentar coordenadas pelos estados nacionais e pelos novos organismos internacionais como a Oficina Sanitária Pan- Americana, a Organização de Saúde da Liga das Nações e o Instituto de Nutrição da América Central do Panamá. Neste artigo analisaremos os nexos presentes na ciência da nutrição em construção nessas políticas para a América Latina em interação com as tradições científicas sobre alimentação, sobretudo dos Estados Unidos e do Canadá, observando essas medidas embasadas em uma série de ações no campo da saúde internacional.
Tratadas e vacinadas, aguadas e cancerígenas
Authors: Velden Felipe F. Vander
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo analiso um fenômeno particular ainda pouco estudado no tocante às alterações das dietas indígenas: o consumo de produtos oriundos de espécies animais exóticas, introduzidas após o encontro com os brancos. Sabemos que a carne de vários desses seres (principalmente galinhas, bois e porcos), assim como outros produtos extraídos de alguns desses animais, frequentam os cardápios de diversos grupos indígenas há tempos, mas pouco se tem refletido sobre as formas locais de incorporação dessas novidades, talvez porque tenha se considerado todos os produtos de origem animal como uma só e mesma coisa: carne, leite, ovos. Aqui, partindo do meu próprio material de pesquisa entre os Karitiana e apoiado em outras referências históricas e etnográficas, argumento que esses novos alimentos são, amiúde, claramente distinguidos dos alimentos de origem animal nativos. Esta distinção sustenta, inclusive, formas de reflexão sobre esses processos de colonização das dietas indígenas, funcionando como uma forma de crítica não apenas a essas mudanças pós-contato, mas também aos processos contemporâneos de produção de comida entre os não indígenas.
Systematic Evaluation of the Robustness of the Evidence Supporting Current Guidelines on Myocardial Revascularization Using the Fragility Index
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Hameed Irbaz , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Tam Derrick Y. , Gerry Stephen , Rahouma Mohamed , Khan Faiza M. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Benedetto Umberto , Taggart David P. , Girardi Leonard N. , Crea Filippo , Ruel Marc , Fremes Stephen E.
Published: December 2019

Background:

RCTs (randomized controlled trials) are the preferred source of evidence to support professional societies’ guidelines. The fragility index (FI), defined as the minimum number of patients whose status would need to switch from nonevent to event to render a statistically significant result nonsignificant, quantitatively estimates the robustness of RCT results. We evaluate RCTs supporting current guidelines on myocardial revascularization using the FI and FI minus number of patients lost to follow-up.

Methods and Results:

The FI and FI minus number of patients lost to follow-up of RCTs supporting the 2012 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease, the 2014 Focused Update of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease, and the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Guidelines for Myocardial Revascularization were calculated. Of 414 RCTs identified, 160 were eligible for FI calculation. The median FI was 8.0 (95% CI, 5.0–9.0) and the median FI minus number of patients lost to follow-up was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.0–3.0). FI was ≤3, indicating very limited robustness, in 44 (27.5%) RCTs, and was lower than the number LTF, indicating limited robustness, in 68 (42.5%) RCTs. FI was significantly (all
P
<0.05) correlated with the sample size, number of events, statistical power, journal impact factor, use of intention-to-treat analysis, and of composite end points and negatively correlated with the use of percutaneous interventions in the treatment arm and the
P
-value level.

Conclusions:

More than a quarter of RCTs that support current guidelines on myocardial revascularization have a FI of 3 or lower, and over 40% of trials reveal a FI that is lower than the number of patients lost to follow-up. These findings suggest that the robustness of the findings that support current myocardial revascularization guidelines is tenuous and vulnerable to change as new evidence from RCTs appears.
Ethnicity and Other Determinants of Quality of Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Wang Xia , Delcourt Candice , Li Jingwei , Arima Hisatomi , Hackett Maree L. , Robinson Thompson , Lavados Pablo M. , Lindley Richard I. , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig S. ,   for the ENCHANTED Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—

Patient-centered outcomes are important. We aimed to determine predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and develop utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores in thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke patients from both arms of ENCHANTED (Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study).

Methods—

ENCHANTED was an international quasi-factorial clinical trial of different doses of intravenous alteplase and intensities of blood pressure control in acute ischemic stroke patients, with outcomes on the 5-Dimensional European Quality of Life Scale and mRS assessed at 90 days post-randomization. Logistic regression models were used to identify baseline predictors of poor HRQoL (≤mean 5-Dimensional European Quality of Life Scale utility scores). Ordinary least squares regression derived utility-weighted mRS scores.

Results—

In 4016 acute ischemic stroke patients with complete 5-Dimensional European Quality of Life Scale and mRS data, independent predictors of poor HRQoL were older age (odds ratio, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.12–1.27], per 10-year increase), non-Asian ethnicity (1.91 [1.61–2.27]), greater stroke severity on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (1.11 [1.09–1.12]), diabetes mellitus (1.41 [1.18–1.69]), premorbid disability (mRS score 1 versus 0; 1.62 [1.33–1.97]), large vessel atheromatous pathogenesis (1.32 [1.12–1.54]), and proxy respondent (2.35 [2.01–2.74]). Sensitivity analyses indicate the ethnicity influence on HRQoL was driven by the high proportion of Chinese (62.9% of Asian) participants with better HRQoL compared with non-Chinese or other Asian groups. Derived utility values across mRS scores 0 to 5 were 0.977, 0.885, 0.748, 0.576, 0.194, and −0.174, respectively. Correlations between mRS and 5-Dimensional European Quality of Life Scale scores were stronger in Asians.

Conclusions—

HRQoL is worse after thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke in the elderly, non-Asians, with greater initial severity, diabetes mellitus, premorbid disability, due to large vessel atheroma, and proxy assessment. The broader significance of better HRQoL in Asians is tempered by Chinese participants dominating analyses. From utility-weighted mRS scores indicating the greatest steps in mRS scores are between 5 and 3, treatments to avoid major disability provide the greatest benefits for patients.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01422616.
A review of the genus Trichogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia), including descriptions of new species
Authors: CORDEIRO RALF T. S.
Published: December 2019

The genus Trichogorgia (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) is composed of mesophotic gorgonians, and has been traditionally included in the Family Chrysogorgiidae. The family is polyphyletic and in need of generic morphological reassessments. Herein, two new species of that genus are described, based on material deposited in the National Museum of Natural History—Smithsonian Institution. Additionally, we provide a taxonomic key to all species of Trichogorgia, also briefly discussing important characters of the group and closely related taxa.
An annotated checklist of the Iranian Anthribidae and Nemonychidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)
Authors: GHAHARI HASSAN , COLONNELLI ENZO
Published: December 2019

The fauna of Iranian Anthribidae and Nemonychidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) is summarized in this paper. In total, 13 species within nine genera of Anthribidae (Allandrus LeConte, 1876, Enedreytes Schoenherr, 1839, Platyrhinus Clairville, 1798, Platystomos D.H. Schneider, 1791, Dissoleucas Jordan, 1925, Noxius Jordan, 1936, Araecerus Schoenherr, 1823, Choragus Kirby, 1819, and Bruchela Dejean, 1821), and two species of Nemonychidae of the genus Nemonyx L. Redtenbacher, 1845 are listed as occurring in Iran. Two Anthribidae species, Choragus vittatus Reitter, 1885 and Bruchela cretacea K. Daniel & J. Daniel, 1903 are new records for the fauna of Iran.
A survey of East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 10. Three new Gnaphosa species from the Dzhungarian Alatau Mountains (Eastern Kazakhstan)
Authors: FOMICHEV ALEXANDER A.
Published: December 2019

Three new species, Gnaphosa aksuensis sp. n., G. mataica sp. n., and G. prashkevichi sp. n., are described based on both sexes from Eastern Kazakhstan. Descriptions, illustrations, and maps showing records are provided. The new species represent a monophyletic rasnitsyni-group together with four Mongolian species.
Redescription of Arcotheres pernicola (Bürger, 1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the oyster Magallana gryphoides (Schlotheim, 1820) in India
Authors: TRIVEDI JIGNESHKUMAR N. , GOSAVI SWAPNIL , VACHHRAJANI KAURESH D. , NG PETER K. L.
Published: December 2019

The identity of Arcotheres pernicola (Bürger, 1895) (Pinnotheridae), a pea crab supposedly associated with the mussel Perna, has been unclear as the type specimen is in poor condition. Specimens collected from the oyster Magallana gryphoides (Schlotheim, 1820) from Alibaugh, Maharashtra state, India, are here referred to A. pernicola and the species is redescribed and refigured. Its affinities with allied congeners are also discussed.
Taxonomy of Venezuelan water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817, and an analysis of male genitalia morphology (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae)
Authors: PERKINS PHILIP D.
Published: December 2019

The taxonomy of Venezuelan water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 is presented. The known fauna now consists of 26 species, 17 of which are described as new species. All species are described, or redescribed, diagnosed, and high-resolution images of the habitus and male genitalia of each species are given. The morphology and mechanics of the male genitalia of Hydrochus are described and illustrated, and a system of naming male genitalia characters in Hydrochidae is provided. The following new species are described: H. argutissimus n. sp., H. basilaris n. sp., H. bicarinatus n. sp., H. bituberculatus n. sp., H. collaris n. sp., H. conjunctus n. sp., H. denarius n. sp., H. formosus n. sp., H. hellmani n. sp., H. kellymilleri n. sp., H. leei n. sp., H. lobatus n. sp., H. mauriciogarciai n. sp., H. pictus new species, H. sagittarius n. sp., H. shorti n. sp., H. variabiloides n. sp. Hydrochus pseudosecretus Oliva 1996 is removed from synonymy with H. purpureus Knisch, H. soekhnandanae Makhan 1992 is removed from synonymy with H. pupillus Orchymont, and H. ramcharani Makhan 1992 is removed from synonymy with H. drakei Knisch.
The anchored location of CdS on SiC via organosilane for effective heterogeneous interface design in photocatalysis
Authors: Peng Yuan , Yang Jingjing , Xie Taiping , Li Zhenyu , Shi Wenbing
Published: December 2019

This work demonstrates a new approach to construct a heterogeneous junction by means of the periodic lattice distribution of semiconductor atoms. The organosilane was applied as an anchored coupling agent to connect the semiconductors at both ends, one of which connects SiC and the
other connects CdS, and the SiC/M/CdS heterogeneous junction was established. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ability of this heterojunction was three times as much as the traditional SiC/CdS composite under visible light. Meanwhile, the uniform interface distribution, prolonged charge-carrier
lifetime and minor electron–hole recombination were achieved. The results provide new insights into interface design and offer an indepth understanding with respect to organic–inorganic heterojunction configuration in photocatalysis.
Investigation of heat treatment and subsequently surface modification by nano-TiO2 on Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn bio-magnesium alloy
Authors: Yu Yandong , Yan Zehua , Bi Shiming , Ma Zhenduo , Qian Jiahao
Published: December 2019

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–2Zn–0.5Ca–1.0Mn alloy under different treatments were investigated. Nano-TiO2 with biological activity was added to the self-optimized silicate electrolyte in order to enhance the corrosion resistance and
the activity of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings formed in the aged bio-magnesium alloy silicate electrolyte. Results show that the tensile strength and micro-hardness of solution treatment alloy were 194 MPa and 40.55 HV, respectively, which were increased by 11% and 30% comparing with
as-cast alloy. Subsequently, the experimental alloy was aged at 175 °C from 0.5 h to 36 h, the tensile strength of the alloy reached 229 MPa when the alloy was aged to 16 h, which was 55 MPa higher than the as-cast alloy. Besides, the fracture mechanism transformed from the cleavage fracture
to quasi-cleavage fracture after heat treatment. Different content of modified nano-TiO2 (1, 3 and 5 g/L) is added into based silicate electrolyte has been utilized to modify the bio-magnesium coatings for precoated metals. The sealing processes on MAO coatings surface effectively
improve the corrosion resistance property of the bio-magnesium alloy. As the concentration of nano-TiO2 increases from 0 g/L to 5 g/L, the corrosion potential of MAO ceramic film increases gradually. When the concentration of nano-TiO2 is 5 g/L, the corrosion potential
of the formed ceramic film is the highest, reaching – 1.3601 V, this shows that the ceramic membrane has good corrosion resistance.
Who controls your future: The convention on the rights of persons with disabilities from a service user focused perspective
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Gordon Sarah
Published: December 2019

Although notions of personal autonomy are increasingly enshrined as the primary principle of ethical medical practice, psychiatry appears to have real difficulty in applying this. Notions such as compulsory treatment and mental health legislation serve to reinforce paternalism. This may not be in the interests of either the patient or the doctor. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), although providing no new rights to mental health patients, has led to guidance as to what existing rights entail and how they should be applied. While service users were involved in the drafting of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, what is lacking is service user focused perspectives in the critique and debate that has ensued in response to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities committee’s informed guidance as to the correct interpretation of the rights. Furthermore, consideration of how to translate the rights into practice is also lacking. This co-produced viewpoint aims to contribute to this debate and provides a brief overview of a novel educational approach to translating the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities committee’s guidance into clinical practice.
Sanctuary Cities and Republican Liberty
Authors: Hoye J. Matthew
Published: December 2019

What are sanctuary cities? What are the political stakes? The literature provides inadequate answers. Liberal migration theorists offer few insights into sanctuary city politics. Critical migration scholars primarily address the relationship between sanctuary cities and political activism, a small part of the phenomenon. The historical literature examines continuities between 1970s sanctuary church activism and contemporary sanctuary cities, confusing what is essential to sanctuary churches and what is only sometimes associated with sanctuary cities. Together these approaches obscure more than they reveal. This article suggests a republican account of sanctuary cities. Reconstructing American migration politics from the colonial era onward shows that sanctuary cities have roots in both the colonial republican revolt and the republican principle of freedom as nondomination. That reconstruction reveals much about both sanctuary cities and the federal government’s long-running assault on them. The resulting robust analytical framework clarifies what is at stake in the politics of sanctuary cities: federal sovereignty in migration politics specifically and republican liberty in migration politics generally.
Analysis of the relationship between daylight illuminance and cognitive, affective and physiological changes in visual display terminal workers
Authors: Öner M , Kazanasmaz T , Leccese F , Salvadori G
Published: December 2019

This study explored the impact of daylight illuminance on cognitive load during visual display terminal use by means of various physiological, performance and subjective measures. Repeated-measures design was adopted to identify the impact of variations in daylight levels that were manipulated through the shading system configurations (shading-on; shading-off). A total of 30 subjects performed visual and cognitive demanding tests. Performance measures were supported by subjective data and eye-related measures during the experimental analysis. Results revealed that the use of a shading system had positive impact on sustained attention. Concerning ocular measures, percentage of eye closure values showed opposite tendencies among vigilance and sustained attention demanding tests. Eye aspect ratio-max and blink duration were significantly correlated with reported glare sensation. In all tests, eye aspect ratio-max was found significantly higher in lower illuminances. Search velocity was significantly correlated with ocular variables in higher illuminances whereas sustained attention showed an opposite trend. This, initially, explains that even slight differences in daylight illuminance might have distinctive effects on the relationship between different groups of assessment variables while measuring cognitive load. Secondly, it proves the significance of carrying out sensitive experiments in terms of both light levels and test characteristics.

Practical application: The findings of this study could suggest that a practical application, the use of a shading device, might deliver an efficient solution on such a multifaceted question about the potential effects of luminous environment on the evaluation of cognitive load. Work environments might be considered as cognitively efficient if only the harmony of less mental effort, more satisfaction and less health problems exist, which together ultimately deliver higher work performance. In real-world work environments, application of such shading devices involves advantages not only for avoiding excessive daylight exposure or optimizing energy consumption, but also facilitating cognitive, affective and physiological processes of individuals.
Individual- and Family-Level Correlates of Socio-Emotional Functioning among African American Youth from Single-Mother Homes: A Compensatory Resilience Model
Authors: Sterrett-Hong Emma M. , Kincaid Carlye , Hardaway Cecily R. , Adams Monica , MacFarlane Mary , Jones Deborah J.
Published: December 2019

The majority of research on African American adolescents raised in single-mother homes has focused on externalizing problems, with less attention to other facets of socio-emotional functioning. Using a compensatory resilience approach, the current study examined risk and protective factors at the family (maternal warmth, monitoring, psychological control) and youth (ethnic identity and religiosity) levels as predictors of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and self-esteem among African American adolescents from single-mother homes ( n = 193). Lower levels of psychological control, higher levels of monitoring, and higher levels of youth ethnic identity were associated with at least one of the outcomes, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem, but not hopelessness, mediated the associations between the family- and youth-level factors and youth depressive symptoms. The importance of targeting maternal psychological control and youth ethnic identity, as well as self-esteem, in intervention programs for African American youth from single-mother families is discussed.
Legacies of Marginalization: System Avoidance among the Adult Children of Unauthorized Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Desai Sarah , Su Jessica Houston , Adelman Robert M.
Published: December 2019

The threat of deportation shapes the way that unauthorized immigrants and their families interact with social institutions. For example, the adult children of unauthorized immigrants might avoid institutions that keep formal records (“surveilling” institutions) because such institutions could potentially expose their families to deportation. Using intergenerational data from the Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles survey, we examine the relationship between immigrant parents’ authorization status and their adult children’s institutional participation ( n = 3,283). Results from Poisson and propensity-weighted regression models suggest that the adult children of unauthorized immigrants were more likely to avoid surveilling institutions, such as formal employment, than those with authorized parents. In contrast, parental immigration status was unrelated to their attachment to non-surveilling institutions, such as community groups or religious organizations. This finding suggests that the adult children of unauthorized immigrants are not systematically disengaged from all institutions but may avoid surveilling institutions in particular due to fear of their family’s deportation. This type of system avoidance may have long-term consequences for their social and economic mobility.
The effects of ankle-foot orthoses on walking speed in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shahabi Saeed , Shabaninejad Hosein , Kamali Mohammad , Jalali Maryam , Ahmadi Teymourlouy Ahmad
Published: December 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ankle-foot orthoses on speed walking in patients with stroke.

Data sources:

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, PEDro, RehabData, RECAL, and ProQuest were searched from inception until 30 September 2019.

Review methods:

This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline statement. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Begg’s test and Egger’s regression method were used to assess the publication bias. Trim and fill analysis was also used to adjust any potential publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of individual studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

Results:

Overall, 14 studies were included with a total of 1186 participants. A small-to-moderate and non-significant improvement in favor of the ankle-foot orthosis versus without ankle-foot orthosis (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = −0.15 to 0.96), similar effects of ankle-foot orthosis and functional electrical stimulation (SMD = 0.00, 95% confidence interval = −0.16 to 0.16), and a small and non-significant improvement in favor of ankle-foot orthosis versus another type of ankle-foot orthosis (SMD = 0.22, 95% confidence interval = −0.05 to 0.49) in walking speed were found. However, the quality of evidence for all comparisons was low or very low.

Conclusion:

Despite reported positive effects in some studies, there is no firm evidence of any benefit of ankle-foot orthoses on walking speed.
Absolute Meniscal Extrusion After Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Does Not Progress During Long-term Follow-up: Average of 10.3 Years’ Follow-up Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Bum-Sik , Park Jun-Gu
Published: December 2019

Background:

Long-term outcomes after lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are not completely understood.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

We investigated changes in meniscal extrusion in the coronal and sagittal planes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after lateral MAT through long-term follow-up. We hypothesized that meniscal extrusion would progress during follow-up.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients subjected to lateral MAT were followed up by MRI evaluation in both planes at 1, 4 to 6, and >8 years after MAT. Meniscal extrusion and entire meniscal widths in the coronal plane and anterior (ACMD) and posterior (PCMD) cartilage meniscal distances in the sagittal plane were measured, and values were compared at each time point. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm score.

Results:

A total of 27 lateral MATs were included with a mean MRI follow-up period of 10.3 years (range, 8.1-15.3 years). The mean absolute meniscal extrusion (coronal plane) was not significantly different at each time point. However, the relative value differed (0.27 ± 0.04 at 1 year; 0.33 ± 0.06 at >8 years after MAT) owing to entire meniscal width reduction. There was no difference in the mean absolute value of the ACMD in the sagittal plane. However, relative values differed (0.21 ± 0.01 at 1 year; 0.27 ± 0.06 at >8 years) owing to entire meniscal width reduction. Absolute and relative values of the PCMD remained unaffected at each time point. The Lysholm score increased after surgery but did not differ postoperatively.

Conclusion:

During the long-term follow-up of extrusion after lateral MAT using MRI, absolute extrusion remained unchanged across all planes. Relative extrusion in the coronal plane and of the ACMD in the sagittal plane significantly increased, with no differences in the PCMD on follow-up. Clinical outcomes after surgery improved compared with those before surgery and were maintained throughout the long-term follow-up period.
A Generalized Exposition of Money Creation in the Money and Banking Course
Authors: Guse Eran , Brasfield David W.
Published: December 2019

Since the Great Recession, monetary policy conducted by the U.S. Federal Reserve and other central banks has changed. However, the discussion regarding money creation and the money multiplier has not been altered in undergraduate money and banking textbooks. We suggest a change to the presentation of money creation by first removing the use of T-accounts and replacing them with a visual representation known as the money production diagram. We then present a money production function that is much like a standard production function as described in principles courses. The money multiplier is replaced by the average product of the monetary base in this production function. We use this production function to explain changes to the money supply from exogenous shocks or changes to policy.

JEL classification: A22, E51, E52
Authentic leadership in healthcare organizations: A study of 14 chief executive officers and 70 direct reports
Authors: Saxe-Braithwaite Marcy , Gautreau Sylvia
Published: December 2019

There is limited research on authentic leadership in senior leaders of healthcare organizations. The purpose of this study was to investigate authentic leadership from the perspectives of 14 healthcare Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and 70 senior-level direct reports using the validated Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) and one-on-one interviews. CEOs also completed a 20-hour leadership curriculum focusing on authentic leadership. Although CEOs rated themselves higher than their direct reports on the total ALQ, it only approached significance ( P = .060). Ratings on the four component parts of the ALQ were also higher, but only one was significant ( P = .025) with a trend toward significance on another ( P = .61). The CEOs’ scores were slightly higher after their self-directed study but only one component was significant ( P = .040). Interviews with the CEOs and direct reports underscore how healthcare leadership and authentic leadership specifically is viewed depending on organizational roles.
Collisions of the Personal and the Professional: How Frontline Welfare Workers Manage Carceral Citizens
Authors: Welsh Megan , Leyva Kristina
Published: December 2019

For criminalized people, particularly those who have been recently incarcerated, applying for and maintaining public assistance—cash aid and/or food assistance—is an immediate and crucial element of survival. Yet relative to a substantial body of research that documents pathways into and out of carceral citizenship, this aspect of postincarceration work has received little scholarly attention. Likewise, frontline welfare workers are often simplistically portrayed as gatekeepers who restrict poor people’s access to public assistance. In this article, we make visible the intersection of welfare and criminal-legal involvement by examining how criminalized clients are understood by welfare workers in one large, densely populated California county. Our data come from a larger ethnographic study of women’s postincarceration experiences of public institutions and include in-depth interviews with 19 frontline welfare workers and participant observation of welfare offices. We find that (a) criminal-legal awareness varies among welfare workers; (b) workers engage in substantial invisible labor, in large part to counteract the carceral logics of the welfare system; and (c) in absence of professional training, workers draw heavily on their own situated knowledge to manage the challenges of their work. Contextualizing these findings within a broader trend toward the deprofessionalization of welfare workers, we argue that the training and education of this workforce, particularly around criminal-legal issues, is an important avenue for social work advocacy.
Radically Rethinking Social Work in the Criminal (in)Justice System in Australia
Authors: Jarldorn Michele
Published: December 2019

Historically, research on prisons and prisoners privileges an individualizing framework, when in fact the prison experience is strongly tied to social stratification and collective identities. Informed by the data created for a Photovoice project with former prisoners in South Australia, I contend that contemporary “criminological” knowledge tends to individualize crime through its own privileged view of the world. This individualizing approach seeps into the ways in which criminalized women experience release into the community after a prison sentence, confirming that society does not believe that imprisonment furnishes any form of “rehabilitation.”

There can be no separation between capitalism, the prison industrial complex (PIC), and the violence present in carceral settings. This violence, although to a lesser extent than prisoners, is experienced by social workers selling their labor power within the PIC who are co-opted into believing that they can “make a difference.” Yet, social workers, whose codes of ethics are grounded in a framework of human rights, are witness to abuses of human rights on a daily basis within the PIC. Instead of making a difference, they are coerced into silence and roles of social control. The argument proposed here suggests that social workers must radically rethink the place and purpose of prisons by considering them as a violent response by the state to structural social problems that are experienced as politically perpetrated misery and oppression.
Anti-Carceral Feminism: The Contradictions of Progress and the Possibilities of Counter-Hegemonic Struggle
Authors: Kim Mimi E.
Published: December 2019

History reveals that the pathway toward carceral feminism was fraught with contradictions. Feminist reform strategies that appeared progressive devolved into mandates contributing to the policies of mass incarceration; frameworks meant to disavow racist myths of violence inherent to communities of color fueled color-blind narratives that cloaked white, middle-class-defined social movement priorities; safety strategies protecting survivors of violence entrapped them into set options violating the right to self-determination. Today’s account of carceral feminism reveals well-intentioned choices leading to often ill-fated outcomes. As the critique of carceral feminism seeps into the discourse of the feminist anti-violence movement, a shift toward new values, policies, and practices holds the possibility of radical new directions. However, there is no reason to assume that this new pathway will be so straightforward. This article centers the dynamic of contradiction to synthesize insights of post-Marxist thought in application to contemporary anti-carceral feminist trends represented by transformative justice options. It also reflects on the recent ascendance of restorative justice and a renewed potential for carceral co-optation. The aim is to illuminate troubled areas of revision and radical alternatives and better navigate inevitable ethical and pragmatic tensions that may define future social movement trajectories.
“Officers Are Doing the Best They Can”: Concerns Around Law Enforcement and Social Service Collaboration in Service Provision to Sex Workers
Authors: Anasti Theresa
Published: December 2019

Frontline service providers are often tasked with providing services to criminalized populations, including individuals involved in the sex trade. These providers have been working to transform services to this population, proposing what they believe to be socially just responses in helping individuals in the sex trade transition from “criminals” to a “victims.” While frontline service providers have been advocating for trauma-informed and compassionate responses to working with individuals involved in the sex trade, they regularly temper this work with collaboration with law enforcement, propagating carceral (punishment-oriented) logics in order to “protect” vulnerable clients. This qualitative study, completed in a Midwestern U.S. state, used interviews with 30 frontline service providers who work with individuals in the sex trade to understand service providers' perceptions around their work with this population, and how this shapes collaborations with law enforcement. Findings reveal that as most frontline service providers assume that individual trauma and drug use are present in the sex trade, these individual characteristics have legitimated paternalistic service responses provided in collaboration with law enforcement. However, a minority of frontline service providers denounce these collaborations as harmful to their clients, revealing that responses to law enforcement are not homogenous across service providers. I conclude by discussing what these law enforcement–social service collaborations mean for the social work profession and provide a discussion of alternative methods to work with individuals in the sex trade.
Gendered Carceral Logics in Social Work: The Blurred Boundaries in Gender Equality Policies for Imprisoned and Battered Women in Spain
Authors: Valenzuela-Vela Lorena , Alcázar-Campos Ana
Published: December 2019

This article uses feminist critical analysis as a conceptual framework in order to reflect upon the carceral drifts adopted by gender equality policies in Spain. This issue has been deeply analyzed in the American context, and we believe it is relevant to bring the experiences of other contexts into discussion, such the Spanish one, where the welfare state has been affected by the 2008 global financial crisis. With the aim of adding to the discussion and making a contribution from feminisms and social work perspectives, this work carries out a comparative analysis on carceral policies addressed to women, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, on protection policies for women victims of gender-based violence. Based on our fieldwork in Andalucia (Spain) for more than 10 years, as well as on legal and programmatical text analysis, we question the alleged control/protection separation, highlighting the existence of gendered carceral logics in both contexts. We highlight the social control to which women are subject and for which subjects women to the image of a “good victim” on the one hand and a “good mother” on the other.