bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MİLLÎ KORUNMA KANUNUNUN HAYATA GEÇİRİLİŞİ (1940) VE TEK PARTİ DÖNEMİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Aydın Mehmet Korkud
Published: March 2019

Türkiye,
II. Dünya Harbinin sonuna kadar savaş dışı kalma politikası izlemiş olsa da
büyük savaş ülkeyi; iktisadî, siyasî, ekonomik ve askerî yönlerden oldukça kötü
etkilemişti. Dönemin hükûmetleri, Türkiye’nin olası bir savaş halinde mümkün
olan en az zararı görmesi için önemli ve sert tedbirler almak durumunda
kalmıştı. II. Dünya Harbi yıllarında ekonomik alanda alınan tedbirlerden biri
Millî Korunma Kanunu olmuştu. Millî Mücâdele yıllarında Türk Milletinin içinde
bulunduğu yokluk ve yoksulluğu ifade eden ve yine Türk Milletinin eşi benzeri
görülmemiş bir fedakârlıkla uyguladığı Tekâlif-i Millîye Emirleri, Millî
Korunma Kanununun yürürlüğe girmesinin haklılığını göstermesi bakımından
önemlidir. Bununla birlikte Millî Korunma Kanunu, uygulamada görevli memurların
işgüzarlığı veya iş bilmezliği yüzünden toplum içinde haklı tepkilerin
doğmasına da neden olmuştur. Neticede Millî Korunma Kanunu, savaş şartları
altında, devletin ve milletin bekâsı için çıkarılmış bir kanundur. Ancak
uygulamalar savaş dönemi ile sınırlı kalmamış, CHP iktidârının sona ermesinden
sonra Demokrat Parti hükümetleri tarafından da sürdürülmüştür.
GÜRCİSTAN’IN BAĞIMSIZLIĞINI KAZANMASI İLE BİRLİKTE TRANSKAFKASYA’DA TÜRK-GÜRCÜ İLİŞKİLERİNDE YAŞANAN GELİŞMELER (1918-1920)
Authors: Ekici Yunus
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışmada Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın da tetiklediği Bolşevik İhtilali ve
sonrasında Kafkasya’da yaşanan siyasi gelişmeler ve bu gelişmelerin Türk-Gürcü
ilişkilerine yansımaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Sovyet ihtilalinden sonra Kafkasya
Rusya’dan ayrılmış ve bölgede Gürcü, Azeri ve Ermenilerden oluşan Maverayı
Kafkas Komiserliği teşkil edilmiştir. Brest-Litovsk Barış Antlaşması’nın
dördüncü maddesi doğrudan Osmanlı Devletini ilgilendirdiği için Elviye-i Selâse
dâhil Rusya’nın ele geçirdiği toprakların iadesi düzenlenmiştir. Birinci Dünya
Savaşı’nın sona ermesiyle Osmanlı Devletinin Güney Kafkasya’yı tahliye
çalışmalarına başladığı görülmektedir.
Study the Еfficiency of the Вoiler Вurning Вiofuels and Рeat
Authors: Lyubov V.K. , Popov A.N. , Popova E.I.
Published: March 2019

The results of experimental research thermal and environmental performance of the boiler "Firematic 60" burning pellets, bark, pressed wood sanding dust, granulated peat and sod peat and black pellets of hydrolytic lignin are presented. The research identified the heat balance components of the boiler and gaseous emissions during burning solid fuels. The emissions of solid particles and the content of soot particles are studied. Energy survey found boiler provides high thermal and environmental performance during burning biofuels and granulated peat that should be used for buildings heating; especially in the conditions of North-Arctic region. The organization of production of black pellets of hydrolytic lignin allowed to obtain high-quality fuel from biomass wasted 40–60 years ago.
The Concept of Creating a Layered System for the Protection of Natural Anthropogenic Complexes
Authors: Ostakh S.V. , Ostakh O.S. , Olkhovikova N.Yu.
Published: March 2019

The concept of a layered system of protection of natural-anthropogenic complexes based on modern concepts of the distribution and properties of man-made streams in geological layers is presented. A classification of passive and active environmental barriers is presented, as well as technological directions, main methods and features of their introduction into the general algorithm for the development and application of a layered protection system, taking into account possible target use cases and operating conditions considered. The principles of the formation of a layered protection system, the sequence and content of the main stages of its development and implementation for use as a preventive measure to protect the environment from the predicted negative impacts are considered. Examples of various designs of barriers of both individual and component parts of the system of layered protection are presented, the main directions of their application and features of implementation are described.
Conversor CC–CC Bidirecional Push-Pull / Flyback
Authors: Kattel Menaouar B. El , Mayer Robson , Possamai Maicon D. , Oliveira Sérgio V. G.
Published: March 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma nova topologia de conversor CC–CC bidirecional Push-Pull / Flyback que, em ambos os sentidos de operação, são estudados detalhadamente, incluindo a análise teórica e matemática, o ganho estático nos três modos de condução que são modo contínuo, descontínuo e crítico, além de resultados experimentais. O conversor proposto é adequado para o barramento de corrente contínua (CC) em micro-redes onde são aplicados acumuladores de energia e fontes em CC do tipo células de combustível, gerador fotovoltaico e turbina eólica. Permite fluxo bidirecional de energia, elevado ganho de tensão e possibilita a integração desses sistemas a baterias e ultracapacitores que apresentam características de baixa tensão de saída e exigem correntes elevadas com baixa ondulação. A viabilidade deste conversor com isolação galvânica é demonstrada pelos resultados obtidos por meio de um protótipo com potência nominal no sentido direto de 4 kW e rendimento acima de 90,1 %, e potência de 1,3 kW com rendimento de 84,3 % no sentido inverso do fluxo de potência.
The effect of oxytocin on atrial and ventricular repolarization parameters of surface 12-lead electrocardiography(ECG)
Authors: GÖÇER Hakan , KAYACIK GÜNDAY Özlem , ÜNAL Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Aim: We were aimed to demonstrate the effect of oxytocin on
both ventricular and atria depolarization parameters. Material and Methods: We planned cross-sectional study. The Seventy- five patients,
who were their last trimester and nulipar and admitted to hospital for
spontaneous labor, were included to this study. A 12-lead ECG was recorded for each woman twice at 12
hour before oxytocin infusion at rest while in the supine position and shortly
after from labor and upon cessation of oxytocin infusion.  The Tp-e interval was defined as the interval
between the peak and end of the T wave, measurements of the Tp-e interval were
performed from precordial leads, and the Tp-e/QTc ratio and P wave dispersion,
QTc was calculated from these measurements. In
total, 280 pregnant women, of whom 98 were of advanced age and 182 were under
35 years of age were included in the study. The risk of arrhythmia was
evaluated by calculating the electrocardiographic P-wave duration, QT interval,
T peak-to-end interval, and the Tp-e/QT ratio.Go
to:Results: There were
statistically significant differences in the Tp–e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio
and other parameters before and after oxytocin infusion , the maximum QTc,
minimum QTc, and QTc dispersion values, P wave dispersion and other parameters
of repolarization  were significantly
higher after labor compared to the 
before labor. Although there were no differences in the
Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio between the groups, the maximum QTc, minimum
QTc, and QTc dispersion values were significantly higher in advanced-age
pregnancies compared to the control group. In addition, the P dispersion was
greater in advanced-age pregnancies. In correlation analysis, the increased
dispersion of QTc and P were positively correlated with maternal age. Multiple
linear regression analysis showed that QTc dispersion was independently
associated with maternal age. Go
to:

Conclusion: In conclusion,
although study population was small and arrhythmic potential of oxytocin was
evaluated with surface ECG.  The
repolarization parameters were increased in women with oxytocin infusion during
their labor. To obtain these repolarization parameters are easy and usage of
these parameters as a cardiac arrhythmic risk factor are logical.
Exploring the effect of metacognitive strategies on writing performance
Authors: Al-Jarrah Tamer Mohammad , Al-Jarrah Jarrah Mohammad , Talafhah Rania Hassan , Bashir Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

Among all the learning strategies, metacognitive strategy is a higher-order executive skill. Once learners have a good command of a metacognitive strategy, they will become more independent and autonomous and will be more capable of planning, monitoring and evaluating their learning process and thus become efficient learners. This research aims to investigate whether secondary students at the Almazar Schools use metacognitive learning strategies (MLS) in their writing performance and they are aware of them; also, to find out whether their teachers provide the development of MLSs in the classroom. In a class of 22 students, just 10 volunteered to respond the interview questions. The findings showed that only less than half of the participants used were aware of MLS. This paper, therefore, intends to introduce metacognitive instruction in order to raise English as a Foreign language writing instructorsâ€™ awareness in teaching and in order to train students to become self-regulated learners. Keywords: Metacognitive strategies, writing performance, planning writing, monitoring writing, evaluating writing.
Enseñanza filosofante. Una perspectiva transescolar
Authors: Bedetti María Belén , Medina María Laura , Morales Laura Susana
Published: March 2019

Pensar en el objeto de enseñanza de la filosofía nos enfrenta a la dicotomía enseñar filosofía versus enseñar a filosofar. La misma ha sido abordada por numerosos pensadores entre los que se destacan Hegel y Kant, como representantes de cada una. Sin embargo, reflexionar sobre cada postura de manera absoluta, nos conduce a perder la riqueza que nos proporciona la experiencia. Sin negar las tensiones y conflictos en torno al debate que suscita dicha dicotomía, intentamos construir una perspectiva de la enseñanza filosofante, como mirada crítica de las instituciones y su vínculo con la filosofía y otros saberes. Para ello, reconocemos el florecimiento de distintas prácticas filosóficas, además de las ya instaladas Filosofía para y con niños cuya particularidad es que exceden los muros de las aulas de filosofía. El impacto de dichas prácticas filosofantes invita a preguntarnos si es lícito definir a todas aquellas prácticas que escapan al formato de las instituciones educativas desde la negación y cómo podemos nombrarlas y pensarlas con una entidad propia, sin limitarnos a recurrir a la ausencia de lo otro. Así, cobra fuerza la concepción de la filosofía desde una perspectiva transescolar, en la medida que busca presentar nuevos horizontes de análisis sin reducirnos a pensar las prácticas de filosofía como académicas o extra-académicas o no académicas. Sin embargo, esta idea no está en contra de la presencia de la filosofía en el espacio público académico, ya que permite abrir una fisura para la deslegitimación de prácticas academicistas y escolarizantes.
Ensino de filosofia na encruzilhada: democracia, atualidade e antropofagia
Authors: Ceppas Filipe
Published: March 2019

O que pode significar ensinar filosofia no ensino médio numa sociedade como a brasileira? "Preparar para a cidadania"? Este texto apresenta elementos e questões no intuito de nos ajudar a repensar alguns aspectos centrais deste problema. Admitindo que filosofia e democracia são termos indissociáveis, o texto procura indicar porque seria preciso repensá-los a partir do princípio de que suas tensões não se resolvem apenas com mais e melhor "esclarecimento". Neste sentido, duas outras dimensões essenciais do debate são chamadas a comparecer para ajudar a pensar a tarefa da formação escolar da filosofia: a questão da relação entre filosofia e atualidade, com o auxílio de Walter Benjamin, e a questão de uma possível apropriação da herança indígena na cultura americana, através do projeto antropofágico de Oswald de Andrade, enquanto plataforma teórica e cultural que nos ajudaria a reconhecer e ultrapassar os limites de uma "formação escolar e filosófica europeia."
Naimi’s Structure and Migration: A Tissue-Specific Pattern of Organization Discovered in Normal Bladder Urothelia
Authors: Stephane Bolduc
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Sequential migration and organization are critical events in tissue development. The urothelium, the epithelium lining urologic tissues, is highly specialized regarding the watertight function and adaptation to large and frequent changes in urine volume. To establish the functional state of this tissue, horizontal cells growth is required to allow the vertical development into a multilayered uroepithelium. If this first step is already documented, the mechanism implicated in the switch toward the vertical growth is not yet described. Methods: We had elaborated a three-dimensional bladder model, made of bladder mesenchymal cells (BMC) seeded in a collagen matrix which can promote bladder urothelial cells (BUC) development. Results: This in vitro model allowed us to discover a behavior specific to BUC, resulting in a specific urothelial stratification and differentiation pattern. Cellular alignment into a circular arrangement, named Naimi’s structure, followed by coordinated gyratory cellular movement, named Naimi’s migration, were sequentially observed in our in vitro model and were also confirmed in native bladder Conclusion: We describe here the steps that led to Naimi’s structure and migration. Ultrastructural observations are also provided to document the remarkable organization of urothelial cells and the underlying mesenchymal rearrangement. Keywords: Urinary bladder; Urothelium; Cell migration; Extracellular matrix
Exercise Guidelines for CKD Patients
Authors: Huie Rita
Published: March 2019

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients are often overlooked when it comes to exercise programs [1]. Although, the medical community, specifically, a majority of nephrologists are of the opinion that their patients should engage in regular exercise to improve overall health [2]. Physical inactivity contributes to a reduction in activities of daily living and reduced quality of life [3]. By enhancing the strength of their muscles, bones, and joints through exercising, people with CKD can improve their balance and coordination [4]. This can further prevent them from falling and likewise, protect their independence as they age. Moreover, it is widely known that CKD patients are at high risk for premature death as a result of cardiovascular disease due in part to their sedentary behavior [5]. By increasing the physical activity levels of individuals with CKD, it's possible to decrease their risk of cardiovascular disease and improve their physical functioning, thus thwarting premature death [6]. More recently, studies have looked at the possibility that increasing physical activity levels may slow the rate of decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with CKD stages 3 to 4. The latest Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease lifestyle section recommends that individuals with CKD engage in physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day, 5 times per week [7]. Besides counseling CKD patients on diet modifications, registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) especially those with expertise in renal nutrition and nephrology are in a position to also aid their patients in recommendations for increasing their physical activity levels. The RDN should begin by determining in their initial nutritional assessment, the activity level of the CKD patient. A Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ) has been developed to assess and could be further used for monitoring physical activity. Although it was constructed for patients on hemodialysis, this instrument would also be pertinent for use with the CKD patient population. After identifying areas to improve on, the RDN may recommend structured activities including aerobic, strength, and flexibility exercises. A combination of all three types of exercises performed five times a week using different muscle groups each day would improve the CKD patient's endurance and strength [8]. It is important that the RDN ensure that the exercises suggested be individualized to the CKD patient's current stage of physical ability. Implementing an exercise program along with diet modifications can be challenging for both the RDN and the CKD patient. However, with continued follow-up monitoring and adjustments along the way, patients with CKD can improve their overall health. The corresponding patient education handout is designed to provide clinicians with a starting point in addressing an exercise program with their CKD patients.
Recurrence of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in the Renal Allograft; an Update
Authors: Halawa Ahmed
Published: March 2019

Patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have a high risk of disease recurrence post renal transplantation; this is usually characterised by significant proteinuria and associated with poor graft survival. FSGS recurrence is a challenging medical condition, not only because there is no recognised predictor of FSGS recurrence in the allograft, but also because there are no available international guidelines for treatment of this condition which add more mystery to the dilemma created by this vague syndrome. Our work aimed to draw the attention to the latest available evidence addressing recurrence of FSGS in the renal allograft, in an attempt to improve our understanding of this condition. This also helps to guide the future studies towards the promising approaches in diagnosis and management of this condition. Ultimately this will result in better graft survival and lower the demands for another renal transplant giving the universal shortage of transplantable organs.
A Case with Torsion Testis: Restore Testicular Viability after 18 Hours!
Authors: Fawzy Peter T
Published: March 2019

Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off the testicle's blood supply leading to testicular ischemia. It is either intra vaginal or extra vaginal type. A 17 years old adolescent presented with neglected left testicular torsion more than 18 hours. He had history of severe left testicular pain about 17 hours ago presented by diffuse swelling at left scrotal compartment. Scrotal ultrasonography was carried out and confirmed absent vascularity of left testis. Surgical exploration, detorsion and warm fomentations were done. Little improvement in color was noticed and bilateral orchiopexy was done. Intact good vascularity of left testis was confirmed on scrotal ultrasonography two weeks postoperatively.
State III to Stage V Renal Dysfunction & Significant Restoration to Normal EGFR by Novel ACE Inhibitors-A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tawar Vinod C
Published: March 2019

This study has been based on the improvements observed in predominantly diabetic patients with EGFR falling below normal, leading to stage III and stage IV renal damage. The study consisted of a review of 82 patients' clinical records. Approximately 27% of the patients had demonstrated falling EGFR and were started on Perindopril 8mg or Trandolopril 2-4mg per day. The duration of treatment needed to restore to normal EGFR varied from eight to sixteen weeks depending on the extent of dysfunction (EGFR>40). The population consisted of male and female patients mainly of South Asian origin. Perindopril has shown to be beneficial in patients with EGFR of over 40 and Trandolopril 4mg dose has been useful in patients with stage IV cases. The findings have encouraged me to initiate diabetic patients with the above mentioned ACEI for prevention of renal dysfunction.
In Silico Analysis of NPHS1 Gene Mutations Identified in Patients with Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Khaliq Shagufta
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Steroid Resistant Nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a rare autosomal recessive kidney disorder caused by increased permeability of the glomerular capillary wall for macromolecules leading to heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and edema. SRNS patients do not respond to steroid therapy and have a poor prognosis with high risk of end-stage renal failure. SRNS is caused by the genetic defects in podocyte expressed proteins which do not lead to recurrence after renal transplantation. To date several mutations in podocyte genes, NPHS1&2 have been associated as an underlying genetic factor. Here we investigated the pathogenic effects of the NPHS1 gene mutations reported in Pakistani patients.
Single Stoma Tubeless Cutaneous Ureterostomy: A New Approach to an Old Operation
Authors: Oganov Tigran A
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Cutaneous ureterostomy is the simplest and safest way for incontinent urinary diversion associated with the lowest rate of early postoperative gastrointestinal and metabolic complications; however, its use is limited because of high rate of stomal stenosis, making ileal conduit the standard method for incontinent urinary diversion.
Testicular Epidermoid Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yddoussalah Othmane
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Testicular epidermoid cysts are extremely uncommon. They are considered as benign tumors. Although an inguinal orchiectomy is the standard procedure for testicular tumors, if the presence of an epidermoid cyst is suspected, a conservative treatment may be attempted.
Abdominoplasty in Prune Belly Syndrome: Umbilicus Reconstruction Using Modified Montfort Technique
Authors: Freitas Filho Luiz G
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is a major component in the management of the Prune Belly syndrome (PBS). Traditional techniques reinforce the muscular wall, however maintaining the original umbilicus positioned more cranially than usually and most frequently presenting a bizarre aspect.
Spermatocytic Seminoma Managed by Orchidectomy Only: A Case Report with a Long Term Follow Up
Authors: Jabbour Youness
Published: March 2019

Spermatocytic Seminoma (SS) is a distinct testicular germ cell tumor, representing less than 1% of testicular cancers. The clinical features that distinguish spermatocytic seminoma from Classical Seminoma (CS) are an older age at presentation and a reduced propensity to metastasize. Currently, the management SS has changed to the increased use of surveillance, provided that there are no risk factors which may predict recurrence. Here, we report an additional case of spermatocytic seminoma and present a comprehensive relevant literature review concerning current clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic features.
Current Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Literature Review
Authors: Kefale Belayneh
Published: March 2019

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive, irreversible decline in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic and fluid and electrolyte balance fails, resulting in uremia or azotemia. It is not a single disease and associated with different medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and anemia; Even though it is caused by primary kidney disease (e.g., glomerular diseases, tubulointerstitial diseases, obstruction, and polycystic kidney disease). Early detection, prevention, evaluation, and management of chronic kidney disease and antecedent conditions could prevent complications of decreased kidney function, slow the progression of kidney disease to kidney failure, and reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Metolazone and Furosemide Combination in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Short-Term Safety and Efficacy Among Admitted Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: RP Bataclan
Published: March 2019

Background: Diuretics are considered one of the essential drugs in the management, wherein Furosemide is usually given. But in some cases, it can be ineffective due to diuretic resistance. Metolazone is a thiazide-like diuretic, can be combined with loop diuretics to control volume overload. Since the drug is just newly introduced in our country, this study examines the immediate effect of Metolazone-Furosemide combination and possible adverse reactions in patients with Cardiorenal Syndrome.
A Plant-Based Diet Prevents and Treats Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: D Rose Stewart
Published: March 2019

Interest in the dietary treatment of chronic kidney disease has been growing as its incidence has been increasing. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is now the 8th leading cause of death in the United States and its treatment consumes substantial amounts of medical resources and money. Several lines of epidemiological research have shown a lower risk of chronic kidney disease among vegetarians. It also shows a substantially increased risk among omnivores, especially those who eat red and processed meats. Although the practice started long ago, research on the use of a low-protein plant-based diet to treat chronic kidney disease diet has intensified in recent years. This research has shown that a low-protein vegetarian diet is safe and efficacious at both treating and slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Treatment with a low-protein vegetarian diet, often supplemented with keto analogues, has been shown to reduce acidosis, phosphotemia, uremia, proteinuria and to slow progression. Research shows that this treatment does not result in malnutrition. Research has also shown that larger amounts of plant protein than animal protein can be consumed, without deleterious effects. Treatment with a low protein vegetarian diet also has the advantage of preventing and treating common comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Report of a Young Female Patient
Authors: Mirela Stroie Anna
Published: March 2019

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome is a rare manifestation of lupus erythematosus, in which there is altered mental function, headache, convulsions, visual impairment and posterior and transient changes on neurologic imagistics [1,2], occurring in a few hours and presenting with rapidly progressive neurologic symptoms [3]. It was first described in 1996. It is more frequent in patients with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease, and is associated with hypertension, autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressive therapies- especially antibody-based immunosuppressive therapy, and organ transplantation. It is clinically reversible within one week and imagistically reversible within 2-4 weeks. It is treatable and has a good prognosis. We present the case of a young woman of 27 years diagnosed with systemic erythematous lupus who developed convulsive crisis, headache, visual impairment, being under immunosuppressive therapy with azathiorpine. She had class IV lupus nephritis on the kidney biopsy and partial remission of the nephrotic syndrome. Other lupic manifestations were cutaneous, immunological, articular and hematological. She had a good short-term prognosis at 30 days.
Effect of Stitch Types Used in Apparel Production on Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria Growth
Authors: Şamlı Behiye Elif , Bahadır Ünal Zümrüt
Published: March 2019

In this study, the effect

of stitch types (those commonly used in apparel production) on antibacterial

activity was investigated. Determination of best stitch types through hygienic

environments, where dangerous situations exist such as infection was intended.

For this purpose, the antibacterial

activity of various stitches was tested within the framework of the ASTM E2149 standard. Bleached reusable clinical

aprons` fabrics, those comprising 65% polyester – 35% viscon mixture were named as alpaca weave

fabric. Onto these alpaca fabrics, 3

different stitches with various yarns (3 threads overlock + chain stitch, lockstitch

with lap felled seam and 5 threads overlock) were applied.  Evaluation of findings showed that there are

no significant differences according to stitch types.
Aromatic and Sensorial Properties of Çökelek Cheese Produced by Different Methods
Authors: Gün İlhan , Güneşer Onur , Karagül Yüceer Yonca , Güzel Seydim Zeynep Banu , Torun Fatma , Çakıcı Sevda
Published: March 2019

In this study, it was aimed to reveal aroma-active

compounds and sensory properties of Çökelek cheese made from milk, yogurt and

Tuluk yogurt. For this purpose, aroma active compounds in Çökelek samples were

determined by Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. Furthermore, sensory properties

of cheese samples were determined by Spectrum®

analysis. As result, 17 identified and 2 unknown aroma active compounds

were determined in Çökelek samples. Butyric acid, Furaneol® and

sotolon were identified at high intensities in all cheeses.  It was determined that the intensity of

butyric acid was higher in Çökelek made from yogurt while the intensities of

Furaneol® and sotolon were found to be higher in Çökelek made from

milk. “Cooked”, “Whey”, “Creamy”, “Rancid” “Fermented”, “Yeast”, “Sour”,

“Salty”, “Sweet” and “Umami” were defined as characteristic sensory terms for

Çökelek cheeses. It was determined that cooked, creamy and sweet were perceived

in Çökelek made from yogurt while yeast aroma was found to be a higher in Çökelek

made from Tuluk yogurt.
INVESTIGATION OF MEDICALLY INDUCED SKIN REACTIONS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF REPORTS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA (FROM 2009 TO 2016)
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Krasheninnikov А. E. , Egorova E. A. , Konyaeva Е. I.
Published: March 2019

Drug hypersensitivity reactions are among the most important problems that arise when using drugs. The occurrence of such reactions in the population is at least 7% and tends to a constant increase. The most frequent manifestations of drug hypersensitivity reactions are medically induced skin lesions.

The aimof this research was to study and analyze the cases of development of skin drug reactions on the basis of the reports on the adverse reactions (ADRs) of the drugs, registered in the Republic of Crimea in the period from 2009 to 2016.

Materials and methods.The objects of the research were report cards about the adverse reactions, registered in the regional base (registry) of spontaneous messages called ARCADe (Adverse Reactions in Crimea, Autonomic Database) for the period from 2009 to 2016. During the analysis of the report cards, 2,698 cases of the development of skin drug reactions arising in response to the use of drugs in patients were selected. The study of the frequency of occurrence of skin drug reactions in the application of various groups of drugs was carried out taking into account the codes of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Сlassification System of drugs of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Results.Of the study showed that the development of skin drug reactions was most often associated with the use of antimicrobial agents for internal use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), drugs for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and agents that affect the nervous system. Among the clinical manifestations of skin drug reactions, generalized and localized rashes prevailed, and itching and hyperemia of the skin were much less common in patients. The analysis of age categories showed that the most frequently medically induced reactions occurred in children from birth to 3 years, as well as in the age group of patients from 46 to 60 years. The risk factors identified in the course of the analysis, were female gender, early childhood and old age, as well as the presence of aggravated drug allergy history.

Conclusion.Drug hypersensitivity reactions create certain difficulties in clinical practice related to the diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis, and may also cause danger to health or life of patients. In this connection, the study of such adverse reactions is the most important task of practical health care and requires direct participation of doctors of all specialties.
USE OF SORPTION PROCESSES IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Bondarev A. V. , Zhilyakova E. T.
Published: March 2019

The aimof this research is the review of scientific and technical literature regarding possibility of using sorption processes in the technology of drug delivery systems.

Materials and methods. The materials are the following electronic resources: eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, PubMed. The methods of review are analysis and synthesis. The study covers the scientific literature from 1996 up to the present time.

Results.Sorbents are used as carriers for various medicinal peroral substances, they are also dispensers of various compounds in the form of polymeric eye films and stents in the human body. The delivery of medicinal substances occurs with the help of sorption processes of mass transfer. Currently, the following medical substances are used as carriers for medicinal substances: activated carbon, mineral sorbents (medical clays, synthetic sorbents), polymers and their biosimilars. 6 groups of pharmaceutical substances are registered for the production of enterosorbents in Russia and they can be used as sorbent carriers in the sorption drug system. They are: activated carbon, colloidal silicon dioxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dioctahedral smectite, polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate. As a result of the study, the model of the sorption drug system has been developed. It consists of sorbent carrier, active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients that provide the desorption. Desorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredient may contribute to its modified release. The technology for obtaining sorption medicinal systems requires further study and development of modeling methods, searching for experimental pharmacological models and technological methods, which make it possible to obtain sorption dosage form with modified release.

Conclusion.The review of the sorption processes used in the technology of drug delivery systems has been carried out. The model of the sorption drug system has been developed.
Research on effect of the quantity and aspect ratio of steel fibers on compressive and flexural strength of SIFCON
Authors: Soylu Nurullah , Bingöl Ahmet Ferhat
Published: March 2019

SIFCON (Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete) is a composite which occur hardening of the matrix phase, consists of cement, water, mineral additives, fine sand, water reducing plasticizer, and reinforced with high volume fiber (5–20%). The main difference from the high strength concrete (HSC) is the ductile behaviour at failure. However, the brittleness increases with the strength increase in HSC, SIFCON has a ductile behaviour because of the high volume fiber content, low permeability, high durability. Despite fiber content is 2-3% in fiber reinforced concrete, fiber content may be ten times more in SIFCON and ductility is gained. This concrete is suggested to be used in military buildings against explosion, industrial grounds, airports, and bridge feet. In this study, in order to investigate the compressive and flexural strengths of SIFCON, the aspect ratio and fiber volume of steel fibers were chosen as variable and the effects of these parameters on compressive and flexural strengths were investigated. In the study, steel fibers with aspect ratio of 40, 55, 65, and 80 were used in 0, 4, 8 and 12% ratios. The water/binder ratio was kept constant at 0.35. Silica fume is used 10% and water-reducing plasticizer is used 1.5% of cement by weight. 7 and 28 days cured samples were subjected to compressive and flexural tests and the results were compared. As a result of the tests carried out, increases in both the compressive and flexural strengths of SIFCON specimens were determined with increasing fiber volume up to 8%. Strength reductions were observed at higher ratios. In cases where the fiber volume is too high, it has been seen that the strengths were decreased. The reason of strength reduction can be explained by the difficulty of passing ability of mortar between the fibers. The highest strengths were obtained from fibers with the aspect ratio of 80. Increase in the aspect ratio as well as increases in compressive and flexural strengths have been found.
Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering
Authors: Holderer Olaf , Carmo Marcelo , Shviro Meital , Lehnert Werner , Noda Yohei , Koizumi Satoshi , Appavou Marie-Sousai , Appel Marina , Frielinghaus Henrich
Published: March 2019

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage is key for the use of regenerative energies at large scale. A thorough understanding of the individual components, such as the ion conducting membrane and the electrode layers, can be obtained with scattering techniques on atomit to molecular length scales. The largely heterogeneous electrode layers of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells are studied in this work with small- and wide-angle neutron scattering at the same time with the iMATERIA diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at J-PARC, opening a view on structural properties on atomic to mesoscopic length scales.
Influence of Heating and Cooling Rate on Dissolution and Precipitation Behavior of Nickel-based Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Wang XiaoYan , Wen ZhiXun , Cheng Hao
Published: March 2019

The effects of heating rate before solution treatment and cooling rate after solution treatment on the morphological distribution and evolution of precipitation phase of nickel-based single crystal superalloy were studied. The dissolution, precipitation and growth of precipitation phase and matrix phase during heat treatment were analyzed by means of high power scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the morphology of precipitated phase has nothing to do with the distribution of precipitated phase and the heating rate in the heating process, but the cooling rate in the cooling process affects the shape, size and distribution of precipitated phase. The faster the cooling rate, the smaller the precipitated phase is, the more irregular the shape is, the smaller the equivalent edge length is, and the smaller the channel width of matrix phase is.
Low CD8+ T Cell Infiltration and High PD-L1 Expression Are Associated with CD44+/CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells and Predict an Unfavorable Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hou Ya-Chin , Chao Ying-Jui , Hsieh Min-Hua , Tung Hui-Ling , Wang Hao-Chen , Shan Yan-Shen
Published: March 2019

Cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has exhibited promising clinical outcomes in many cancers, but it offers only limited benefits for pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a minor subpopulation of cancer cells, play important roles in tumor initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that CSCs employ immunosuppressive effect to evade the immune recognition. However, clinical implications of the associations among CD8+ T cells infiltration, programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, and CSCs existence are poorly understood in PC. Immunostaining and quantitative analysis were performed to assess CD8+ T cells infiltration, PD-L1 expression, and their relationship with CD44+/CD133+ CSCs and disease progression in PC. CD8+ T cells infiltration was associated with better survival while PD-L1 expression was correlated with PC recurrence. Both the low CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression group and the high CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression group show high levels of CD44+/CD133+ CSCs, but patients with low CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression had worse survival and higher recurrence risk than those with high CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression. Moreover, CD8+ T cells infiltration could reduce unfavorable prognostic effect of high co-expression of PD-L1 and CD44/CD133. Our study highlights an interaction among CD8+ T cells infiltration, PD-L1 expression, and CD44+/CD133+ CSCs existence, which contributes to PC progression and immune evasion.
Development of Strawberry Farming in Central Java
Authors: Elpharani Dennanda , Rahayu Endang Siti , Sundari Mei Tri , Antriyandarti Ernoiz
Published: March 2019

This research aims to know the farming expense, revenue, income, feasibility and competitiveness of strawberries enterprises in Serang Village sub-district of Purbalingga Karangreja. The basic method of this research is descriptive analysis. The location was purposely determined in Serang Village at Karangreja District, Purbalingga appropriate research purposes. Serang Village Purbalingga was chosen as the location because the production of Strawberry in Purbalingga is the highest among the other regions of producing strawberry in Central Java. The sampling method for the farmers used stratified random sampling with 40 farmers as respondents based on farmer’s strata of the land. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method used is the analysis of farming, the circulation of B/C ratio, and Domestik Resource Cost (DRC) analysis to determine strawberry competitiveness in purbalingga by comparative and competitive advantage.

The result showed that the average total cost of farming expense in Serang is Rp18,456,217 per farming per season. The average farmers revenue is Rp39,081,320 per farming per season. The average farmers income is Rp20,625,102 per farming  per season. The statistic of farming feasibility is 1.12 which means strawberry farming in Serang is profitable. Strawberry farming in Serang has comparative advtange which Domestik Resource Cost is Rp 6,013.43. Strawberry farm at Desa Serang showed that the comparative and competitive advantage is 0.42 and 0.44 which means that strawberry farming is financially an economically efficient and competitive in internasional market. This indicates that the domestic demand is more profitable if supplied by domestic production rather than import.
Boris S. Kibrik (celebration of his 90th anniversary)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2019

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Cord Blood Theophylline Levels and Respiratory Morbidities In Preterm Infants
Authors: Celik Tolga Hasan , Korkmaz Ayse , Yigit Sule , Yurdakok Murat
Published: March 2019

Objective: to investigate whether there is any relationship between cord blood theophylline levels and pulmonary morbidities in the early neonatal period in premature infants.Study Design: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Hacettepe University Hospital Neonatology Unit, between November 2010 and January 2012. Cord blood samples were collected at birth from premature infants, and theophylline levels were measured. Theophylline levels of cord blood were compared between infants with and without pulmonary morbidity.Results: A total of 90 infants (42 females, 48 males) were enrolled in the study. The mean gestational age was 31.1±3.1 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1527±540 g. Early respiratory morbidities developed in 57 infants (63.3%), while no respiratory morbidities were observed in 33 infants (36.7%). There was no significant difference between the groups in blood gas parameters, oxygen saturation values and cord blood theophylline levels.Conclusions: Although the theophylline levels that were measured in the cord blood were much lower than therapeutic serum levels, we concluded that the cord theophylline level is not valuable as a prognostic factor for pulmonary morbidities in premature newborns.
Laparoscopic Sentinel Node Mapping with Surgical Staging following Hysteroscopic Endometrial Resection in Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
Authors: Wasinghon Phornsawan , Lee Chyi-Long
Published: March 2019

A 50-year-old woman presented with symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding. Ultrasonography showed an intrauterine cavity nodule sized approximately 2 cm. A hysteroscopic resection was diagnosed. The histopathology revealed high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. The surgery was laparoscopic surgical staging with indocyanine green sentinel lymph node mapping. Two positive indocyanine green sentinel lymph node of the right and left pelvic nodes showed no nodal metastasis. Also, the five positive indocyanine green sentinel lymph node showed no nodal metastasis. The occult lymph nodes were dissected at the right and left pelvic nodes for nodes 4 and 9, respectively. Conclusively, hysteroscopic resection is beneficial for the diagnosis of uterine sarcoma. Notwithstanding, laparoscopy can be used for uterine cancer and the indocyanine green sentinel lymph node showed no false negative. The patient was stage IA.
Food security under unreliable rainfall: the case study of a rural community in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Rankoana Sejabaledi A.
Published: March 2019

The present study assessed the use of a geothermal hot spring water flow as an adaptation practice to improve subsistence crop production. The aim of this study is to contribute towards natural resource use and management as an adaptation measure to the problem of rainfall scarcity in subsistence production. Focus group discussions with 45 subsistence farmers were conducted in a community garden in which subsistence crops are grown and maintained through a hot spring irrigation system. The study results show that the farmers are aware that rainfall in Sagole community is becoming scarce. The scarcity of rainfall is impacting negatively on subsistence crop production which is characterised by poor productivity. However, the farmers developed an irrigation system downstream of the geothermal hot spring in which the water is furrowed to the garden to irrigate vegetables and fruits throughout the year.
Establishing Tablet Dissolution Curve Through Determination of Underivatized Alendronate Sodium by Capillary Electrophoresis-UV Detector
Authors: Luo Tian , He Shujuan , Deng Yueting , Zhang Ximin , Dong Yuming
Published: March 2019

Background:

Alendronate sodium is a common clinical osteoporosis drug for postmenopausal women; its determination is very important. However, there is no absorption of chromophores or fluorophores in the molecule, therefore, their direct determination is a challenge. Thus, establishing a common and direct method is very inspiring.

Methods:

According to the direct determination of alendronate sodium through the formation of a complex between alendronate sodium and divalent copper ion by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection, the dissolution profile of alendronate sodium tablet was established. The dissolution curves obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography method involving derivatization with 9- fluorenyl methylchloroformate and capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detector were found to be highly similar. Underivatized alendronate sodium can be determined by the capillary electrophoresis method.

Results:

Optimum conditions were as follows: background electrolyte including 25 mM CuSO4 at pH 4.59, 5 s injection time, 18 kV applied voltage, and 240 nm detected wavelength. Method validation indicated good linearity (r2>0.9993), precision of migration time with a relative standard deviation <1.5 % for intra-day and <3.6 % for inter-day, precision of peak areas <2.3 % for intra-day and <5.0 % for inter-day, limits of detection (0.01 μg/mL), limit of quantification (0.04 μg/mL) and recovery (90.6 %- 109.0 %).

Conclusion:

The proposed capillary electrophoresis method has been proved to be simpler, faster and more convenient to test dissolution profile of alendronate sodium tablet than that of high performance liquid chromatography.