bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Cartilage Repair: Surgical Approaches, Orthobiologics, and the Promise of Exosomes
Authors: Singer Jacob , Knezic Noah , Layne Jonathan , Gohring Greta , Christiansen Jeff , Rothrauff Ben , Huard Johnny
Published: September 2024

Treating cartilage damage is challenging as its ability for self-regeneration is limited. Left untreated, it can progress to osteoarthritis (OA), a joint disorder characterized by the deterioration of articular cartilage and other joint tissues. Surgical options, such as microfracture and cell/tissue transplantation, have shown promise as techniques to harness the body’s endogenous regenerative capabilities to promote cartilage repair. Nonetheless, these techniques have been scrutinized due to reported inconsistencies in long-term outcomes and the tendency for the defects to regenerate as fibrocartilage instead of the smooth hyaline cartilage native to joint surfaces. Orthobiologics are medical therapies that utilize biologically derived substances to augment musculoskeletal healing. These treatments are rising in popularity because of their potential to enhance surgical standards of care. More recent developments in orthobiologics have focused on the role of exosomes in articular cartilage repair. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing cargo such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and are known to facilitate intercellular communication, though their regenerative potential still needs to be fully understood. This review aims to demonstrate the advancements in cartilage regeneration, highlight surgical and biological treatment options, and discuss the recent strides in understanding the precise mechanisms of action involved.
Depositional Environment and Ecological Response of Bioconstructions: A Case Study of Southern China (Guizhou Province) in Moscovian–Gzhelian
Authors: Li Xiao , Gong Enpu , Zhang Yongli , Guan Changqing , Huang Wentao
Published: September 2024

From the late Carboniferous to the early Permian, multiple pulses of glaciation and deglaciation have been caused by the LPIA. The Pennsylvanian period experienced phases of recovery, proliferation, and decline, ultimately forming a reef system distinctly different from that of the Mississippian period. During the late Bashkirian to Moscovian, the metazoan reef experienced a limited resurgence, with reef predominantly formed by chaetetid developing in the United States, northern China, and Japan. During the Kasimovian to Gzhelian, the phylloid algal reef dominated the global reef systems. In the late Pennsylvanian, bioconstruction cases and paleoenvironmental proxies in southern Guizhou Province were studied to investigate the composition, recovery, and evolutionary processes of the bioconstructions as well as their response to environmental variations during this period. Several bioconstructions have been reported in the Lumazhai section of Houchang Town, Guizhou Province, southern China, from the Moscovian to the Gzhelian. The upper Carboniferous strata are well-preserved and continuously exposed. The continuous strata, abundant fossils, and diverse bioconstructions provide excellent research materials for exploring the mutual constraints between organisms and their environment. This study identified ten microfacies, whose vertical evolution indicated significant changes in the depositional environment related to relative sea-level fluctuations. Skeletal grains are widely present in these facies. Among them, foraminifera, algae, bryozoans, crinoids, and Tubiphytes are the most common and exhibit distinct distribution characteristics in various environments. Quantitative statistics, CCA and theoretical ecospace have been utilized to examine and interpret environmental impact factors. Quantitative analysis of their relative abundance and distribution patterns provides insights into the complex interactions between organisms and environmental factors. The relative abundances of different organisms and factors controlling their bioconstructions are influenced by relative sea-level changes. CCA analysis reveal that hydrodynamic conditions are the primary influencing factor. Variation trends in average tiering and motility reveal the characteristics of biological communities during environmental changes in phylloid algae and microbial bioconstructions. These bioconstructions are not directly correlated with changes in environmental factors, and the biological communities in phylloid algae mounds and biostromes exhibit similar organism compositions and ecological niches across different environments.
Recent Progresses on Hybrid Lithium Niobate External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers
Authors: Wang Min , Fang Zhiwei , Zhang Haisu , Lin Jintian , Zhou Junxia , Huang Ting , Zhu Yiran , Li Chuntao , Yu Shupeng , Fu Botao , Qiao Lingling , Cheng Ya
Published: September 2024

Thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) has become a promising material platform for large scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs). As an indispensable component in PICs, on-chip electrically tunable narrow-linewidth lasers have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their significant applications in high-speed optical communication, coherent detection, precision metrology, laser cooling, coherent transmission systems, light detection and ranging (LiDAR). However, research on electrically driven, high-power, and narrow-linewidth laser sources on TFLN platforms is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the recent progress on the narrow-linewidth compact laser sources boosted by hybrid TFLN/III-V semiconductor integration techniques, which will offer an alternative solution for on-chip high performance lasers for the future TFLN PIC industry and cutting-edge sciences. The review begins with a brief introduction of the current status of compact external cavity semiconductor lasers (ECSLs) and recently developed TFLN photonics. The following section presents various ECSLs based on TFLN photonic chips with different photonic structures to construct external cavity for on-chip optical feedback. Some conclusions and future perspectives are provided.
“Water-in-Salt” Electrolyte Suppressed MnVOPO4·2H2O Cathode Dissolution for Stable High-Voltage Platform and Cycling Performance for Aqueous Zinc Metal Battery
Authors: Zhu Shaohua , Zhang Wenwei , Liao Xiaobin , Zhang Lei , An Qinyou , Wang Xuanpeng
Published: September 2024

Vanadium-based materials have the advantages of abundant valence states and stable structures, having great application potential as cathode materials in metal-ion batteries. However, their low voltage and vanadium dissolution in traditional water-based electrolytes greatly limit their application and development in aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs). Herein, phosphate- and vanadium-based cathode materials (MnVOPO4·2H2O) with stacked layers and few defects were prepared via a condensation reflux method and then combined with a high-concentration electrolyte (21 m LiTFSI + 1 M Zn(CF3SO3)2) to address these limitations. The specific capacity and cycle stability accompanying the stable high voltage of 1.39 V were significantly enhanced compared with those for the traditional electrolyte of 3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2, benefiting from the suppressed vanadium dissolution. The cathode materials of MnVOPO4·2H2O achieved a high specific capacity of 152 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, with a retention rate of 86% after 100 cycles for AZMBs. A high energy density of 211.78 Wh kg−1 was also achieved. This strategy could illuminate the significance of electrolyte modification and provide potential high-voltage cathode materials for AZMBs and other rechargeable batteries.
Influence of Accelerated Carbonation on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Lime Mortars
Authors: Kesikidou Fotini , Matamadiotou Ioanna , Stefanidou Maria
Published: September 2024

Lime mortars are considered the most compatible material for monuments and historic buildings, and they are widely used in restoration works. A key factor determining the mechanical and physical properties of lime mortars is carbonation, which provides strength and hardness. This paper indicates the properties gained in lime mortars produced by Ca(OH)2 and CaO reinforced with different bio-fibers (hemp and lavender) when exposed to the natural environment and in accelerated carbonation. At 90 and 180 days of manufacture, the mechanical and physical properties of the produced composites have been tested. The results show that the carbonation reaction works faster in the case of hot lime mortars, increasing their compressive strength by up to 3.5 times. Hemp-reinforced mortars led to an enhancement in strength by up to 30%, highlighting the significance of bio-fibers in facilitating CO2 diffusion. This was also verified by the thermogravimetric analysis and the determination of the carbon content of the samples. Optimal mechanical properties were observed in mixtures containing quicklime and hemp fibers when conditioned with 3% CO2 at the tested ages.
RSSR Mechanism Design and Motion Control Strategy of a Carbon-Free Vehicle for Obstacle Avoidance Competition
Authors: He Long , Liu Yang , Zhang Ya
Published: September 2024

With the popularity of carbon-free vehicle obstacle avoidance races, the requirements for the accuracy and reliability of vehicle motion control are getting higher and higher. Aiming at the problems of trajectory deviation and debugging difficulties of the carbon-free vehicle during the movement process, the Revolute-Slider-Slider-Revolute (RSSR) mechanism is adopted as the steering device, which is aimed at improving the motion control precision and obstacle avoidance ability of the vehicle. Firstly, from the kinematics point of view, a kinematics model based on the spatial four-link mechanism is established, and the influence of each parameter change on the trajectory of the vehicle is analyzed. On this basis, the influence of each key parameter on the motion process is further explored through practical debugging, so as to derive a general law of the vehicle’s motion under the drive of the RSSR mechanism. Through numerical simulation analysis, the accuracy of the theoretical model is verified, and the structural design of the vehicle is optimized accordingly. The actual debugging results show that the vehicle can realize smooth operation, which fully proves the practicality and effectiveness of the established mathematical model and the research of the RSSR mechanism.
Design and Experimentation of the Millet Combine Harvester Header
Authors: Qiu Shujin , Li Kai , Hu Yifan , Pan Ben , Wang Zeze , Yuan Xiangyang , Cui Qingliang , Tang Zhong
Published: September 2024

To address the issue of header loss in millet combine harvesters, a double-chain millet harvester header was designed based on the principles of contact mechanics and tribology. Key component parameters of the header were determined, with the divider length and width measuring 0.56 m and 0.30 m, respectively. The divider angle was 40°, and the spiral angle was also 40°. A prototype was manufactured, and field performance tests were conducted. The results showed that the total header loss rate of the double-chain header was lower than that of the single-chain header under various combinations of header height and harvesting speed. The lowest total header loss rate, 3.12%, occurred when the header height was 0.2 m and the harvesting speed was 1.667 m/s, with a grain loss rate of 0.55% and a spike loss rate of 2.57%. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the development of low-loss, high-efficiency millet combine harvesters.
Poissonization Inequalities for Sums of Independent Random Variables in Banach Spaces with Applications to Empirical Processes
Authors: Borisov Igor
Published: September 2024

Inequalities are obtained which connect the probability tails and moments of functions of the nth partial sums of independent random variables taking values in a separable Banach space and those for the accompanying infinitely divisible laws. Some applications to empirical processes are studied.
Orlicz Spaces and Their Hyperbolic Composition Operators
Authors: Al Ghafri Mohammed Said , Estaremi Yousef , Huang Zhidong
Published: September 2024

In this paper, by extending some Lp-norm inequalities to similar inequalities for Orlicz space (LΦ-norm), we provide equivalent conditions for composition operators to have the shadowing property on the Orlicz space LΦ(μ). Additionally, we show that for composition operators on Orlicz spaces, the concepts of generalized hyperbolicity and the shadowing property are equivalent. These results extend similar findings on Lp-spaces to Orlicz spaces.
Research on Stock Index Prediction Based on the Spatiotemporal Attention BiLSTM Model
Authors: Mu Shengdong , Liu Boyu , Gu Jijian , Lien Chaolung , Nadia Nedjah
Published: September 2024

Stock index fluctuations are characterized by high noise and their accurate prediction is extremely challenging. To address this challenge, this study proposes a spatial–temporal–bidirectional long short-term memory (STBL) model, incorporating spatiotemporal attention mechanisms. The model enhances the analysis of temporal dependencies between data by introducing graph attention networks with multi-hop neighbor nodes while incorporating the temporal attention mechanism of long short-term memory (LSTM) to effectively address the potential interdependencies in the data structure. In addition, by assigning different learning weights to different neighbor nodes, the model can better integrate the correlation between node features. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, this study utilized the closing prices of the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index (HSI) from 31 December 1986 to 31 December 2023 for analysis. By comparing it with nine other forecasting models, the experimental results show that the STBL model achieves more accurate predictions of the closing prices for short-term, medium-term, and long-term forecasts of the stock index.
An Outlier Detection Approach to Recognize the Sources of a Process Failure within a Multivariate Poisson Process
Authors: Hou Chia-Ding , Su Rung-Hung
Published: September 2024

Among attribute processes, the number of nonconformities conforming to a Poisson distribution is among the most crucial quality attributes. Furthermore, owing to the variety of quality attributes, the significance of the multivariate Poisson process in industry cannot be overstated. An out-of-control multivariate Poisson process can be detected using an alarm on a multivariate control chart. Nevertheless, pinpointing the specific quality attributes that led to the process shifts is complex. The study focuses on the causes that lead to process shifts in multivariate Poisson processes, unlike the majority of studies examining shifts in multivariate normal processes. This paper initially presents a statistical method for detecting outliers in a multivariate Poisson distribution. Furthermore, a progressive testing algorithm is then developed to identify the variables responsible for a failure within a multivariate Poisson process. According to simulation results, the proposed approach can effectively determine the sources of a process fault within a multivariate Poisson process.
Correction: Muniyappan et al. Stability and Numerical Solutions of Second Wave Mathematical Modeling on COVID-19 and Omicron Outbreak Strategy of Pandemic: Analytical and Error Analysis of Approximate Series Solutions by Using HPM. Mathematics 2022, 10, 343
Authors: Muniyappan Ashwin , Sundarappan Balamuralitharan , Manoharan Poongodi , Hamdi Mounir , Raahemifar Kaamran , Bourouis Sami , Varadarajan Vijayakumar
Published: September 2024

In the original publication [...]
Performance Evaluation of the Taiwanese Banking Industry before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Chuan-Feng , Yang Fu-Chiang
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to explore efficiency changes in Taiwan’s banking industry before and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using the maximum slacks-based measure approach. The data, spanning from 2018 to 2021, categorized banks into three systems: state-owned, private, and foreign. Bank performance was measured from two perspectives: single-period evaluation (assessing bank performance in each year individually) and cross-period evaluation (assessing bank performance from 2018 to 2021 collectively). Inter-temporal changes in bank performance across the three banking systems were analyzed. The results indicated that only foreign banks rebounded rapidly after the COVID-19 outbreak, while the average performance of private banks remained stagnant, and state-owned banks performed worse than before the outbreak. Therefore, it is recommended that state-owned banks develop effective and rapid improvement policies to address major emergencies. Additionally, the study found that inefficiencies in banks were due to excessive input resources and/or failure to achieve the output targets. The input–output gap of inefficient banks was also analyzed, providing learning benchmarks and clear improvement targets that can help these banks formulate practical actions to improve their performance.
Angiotensin II—Real-Life Use and Literature Review
Authors: Möller Petrun Andreja , Markota Andrej
Published: September 2024

Angiotensin II is a recently introduced vasopressor, which has been available since 2017. The novelty and the relatively high cost of angiotensin II currently limit its broader application. It induces vasoconstriction by activating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and is currently the sole vasopressor functioning through this pathway. Beyond vasoconstriction, angiotensin II also affects various other physiological processes. Current evidence supports its use in managing vasoplegic and cardiogenic shock in patients who are unresponsive to catecholamines and vasopressin. However, due to limited data, the optimal timing for initiating therapy with angiotensin II, strategies for combining it with other vasopressors, and strategies for its discontinuation remain unclear. Ongoing and planned studies aim to address some of these uncertainties. This article reviews the physiological and pathophysiological effects of angiotensin II, describes its pharmacology, and provides a narrative review of the current literature.
Abnormal Effect of Al on the Phase Stability and Deformation Mechanism of Ti-Zr-Hf-Al Medium-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Yuan Penghao , Wang Lu , Liu Ying , Hui Xidong
Published: September 2024

Complex concentrated alloys, including high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and medium-entropy alloys (MEAs), offer another pathway for developing metals with excellent mechanical properties. However, HEAs/MEAs of different structures often suffer from various drawbacks. So, investigations on the effect of phase and microstructure on their properties become necessary. In the present work, we adjust the phase constitution and microstructure by Al addition in a series of (Ti2ZrHf)100−xAlx (x = 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, at.%, named Alx) MEAs. Different from traditional titanium, Al shows a β-stabilizing effect, and the phase follows the evolution of α′(α)→α″→β + ω + B2 with Al increasing from 12 to 20 at.%, which could not be predicted by the CALPHAD (Calculate Phase Diagrams) method or the Bo-Md diagram because of the complex interactions among composition elements. At a low Al content, the solid solution strengthening of the HCP phase contributes to the extremely high strength with a σ0.2 of 1528 MPa and σb of 1937 MPa for Al14. The appearance of α″ deteriorates the deformation capability with increasing Al content in the Al16 and Al18 MEAs. In the Al20 MEA, Al improves the formations of ordered B2 and metastable β. The phase transformation strengthening, including B2 to BCC and BCC to α″, together with the precipitation strengthening of ω, brings about a high work-hardening ratio (above 5 GPa) and improvements in ductility (6.8% elongation). This work provides guidelines for optimizing the properties of MEAs.
Organic Trace Minerals Enhance the Gut Health of British Shorthair Cats by Regulating the Structure of Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Cui Yingyue , Zhang Mingrui , Wang Haotian , Yu Tong , Zhang Anxuan , Lin Gang , Guo Yuhan , Wu Yi
Published: September 2024

Trace minerals are essential for biological processes, including enzyme function, immune response, and hormone synthesis. The study assessed the effects of different dietary trace minerals on the gut health, microbiota composition, and immune function of cats. Eighteen adult British Shorthair cats were divided into three groups receiving inorganic trace minerals (ITM), a 50/50 mix of inorganic and organic trace minerals (ITM + OTM), or organic trace minerals (OTM) for 28 days. The OTM showed enhanced immune capacities, reduced intestinal barrier function, and lower inflammation condition. The OTM altered gut microbiota diversity, with a lower Simpson index and higher Shannon index (p < 0.05). Specifically, the abundance of Bacteroidota, Lachnospiraceae, and Prevotella in the OTM group were higher than the ITM group (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis identified 504 differential metabolites between the OTM and ITM groups (p < 0.05, VIP-pred-OPLS-DA > 1), affecting pathways related to steroid hormone biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism (p < 0.05, VIP-pred-OPLS-DA > 2). Additionally, there was a significant correlation between intestinal microbiota and differential metabolites. To conclude, dietary OTM can modulate the gut metabolite and microbiota composition, enhance immune and intestinal barrier function, and mitigate inflammation in cats, highlighting the benefit of using OTM in feline diet to promote the intestinal and overall health.
Genotypic Stability of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Industrial Rye Bread Sourdoughs Assessed by ITS-PCR Analysis
Authors: Lutter Liis , Kuzina Aljona , Andreson Helena
Published: September 2024

Sourdough bread production relies on metabolically active starters refreshed daily with flour and water. The stability of sourdough microbial strains is crucial for consistent bread quality. However, many bakeries lack information on the persistence of starter cultures in ongoing sourdough production. Consequently, there is growing interest in identifying microbial strains from regularly used sourdoughs that possess good functional properties and resist changes in the complex growth environment. This study aimed to evaluate the composition and stability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in industrial wheat (WS) and rye (RS) sourdoughs propagated over a long period. LAB isolates (n = 66) from both sourdoughs, sampled over four seasons, were identified using phenotypic methods and genotyped via ITS-PCR and ITS-PCR/TaqI restriction analysis. Eight LAB species were detected, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum being the most dominant and stable. Nineteen distinct LAB genotypes were observed, highlighting significant diversity. The presence of identical LAB genotypes in both sourdoughs suggests microbial transfer through the environment and bakery workers. LAB in RS were found to be more stable than those in WS. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring microbial stability and diversity in industrial sourdough production to maintain consistent bread quality.
Update of the Genetic Variability of Monkeypox Virus Clade IIb Lineage B.1
Authors: Scarpa Fabio , Azzena Ilenia , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Branda Francesco , Locci Chiara , Perra Maria , Pascale Noemi , Romano Chiara , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Terrazzano Giuseppe , Fiori Pier Luigi , Ciccozzi Massimo , Casu Marco , Sanna Daria
Published: September 2024

From 1 January 2022 to 31 May 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 97,745 laboratory-confirmed Mpox cases, including 203 deaths, across 116 countries. Despite a 2.3% decrease in new cases in May 2024 compared to April 2024, significant regional variations persist. The African Region reported the highest proportion of new cases, while other regions experienced mixed trends. Phylogenomic analyses of the Mpox virus Clade IIb lineage B.1 reveal stable genetic variability with minimal diversification. The Bayesian Skyline Plot indicates a generally stable viral population size with a modest peak in late 2023, followed by a decline. In general, the data indicate that the MPXV outbreak is primarily localized within a few consistent geographic clusters. The virus’s evolution is relatively slow, as indicated by its stable genetic variability, and Clade IIb lineage B.1 does not currently show signs of rapid genetic changes or population growth. The current low level of genetic diversity should not lead to complacency. Ongoing genomic surveillance is essential for effective outbreak management and understanding. This monitoring is crucial for identifying any shifts in the virus’s behavior or transmission, allowing for prompt public health responses and adjustments. In addition, continued vigilance is necessary to detect any new variants that might influence the outbreak’s trajectory.
Performance Comparison of Four Hepatitis E Antibodies Detection Methods
Authors: Muñoz-Chimeno Milagros , Díaz-Sánchez Nazaret , Morago Lucía , Rodríguez-Paredes Vanessa , Barturen Silvia , Rodríguez-Recio Álvaro , García-Lugo Maira Alejandra , Zamora Maria Isabel , Mateo María , Sánchez-Martínez Mónica , Avellón Ana
Published: September 2024

HEV antibody detection constitutes the main screening test for HEV infection. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of four techniques: LIAISON® MUREX DiaSorin anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM assays, Hepatitis E VIRCLIA® IgM and IgG monotests, WANTAI HEV-IgM and IgG ELISA and VIDAS® anti-HEV IgM and IgG tests in five panels of samples configurated according to the immunoblot (RecomLine, Mikrogen, Neuss, Germany). Anti-HEV IgM sensitivity in the acute phase was 100% in all techniques, while sensitivity, including the immediate convalescence phase, was 96.74% for LIAISON®, 83.14% for VIRCLIA®, 84.78% for WANTAI and 88.04% for VIDAS®. Anti-HEV IgM specificity was 100% for both LIAISON® and VIRCLIA®. Anti-HEV IgM WANTAI agreed with VIRCLIA® with a good Kappa coefficient (κ = 0.71). Anti-HEV IgG post-infection sensitivity was 100% for LIAISON®, VIDAS® and VIRCLIA® and 99% for WANTAI. Anti-HEV IgG specificity reached 97.17% for LIAISON and 88.68% for VIRCLIA®. Our results demonstrated a better capacity of LIAISON® MUREX anti-HEV IgM than that of competitors for detecting acute infections as well as accurate anti-HEV IgG results and in how to resolve them.
Development of Resorbable Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres as MRI Contrast Media Agents
Authors: Molinar-Díaz Jesús , Arjuna Andi , Abrehart Nichola , McLellan Alison , Harris Roy , Islam Md Towhidul , Alzaidi Ahlam , Bradley Chris R. , Gidman Charlotte , Prior Malcolm J. W. , Titman Jeremy , Blockley Nicholas P. , Harvey Peter , Marciani Luca , Ahmed Ifty
Published: September 2024

In this research, resorbable phosphate-based glass (PBG) compositions were developed using varying modifier oxides including iron (Fe2O3), copper (CuO), and manganese (MnO2), and then processed via a rapid single-stage flame spheroidisation process to manufacture dense (i.e., solid) and highly porous microspheres. Solid (63–200 µm) and porous (100–200 µm) microspheres were produced and characterised via SEM, XRD, and EDX to investigate their surface topography, structural properties, and elemental distribution. Complementary NMR investigations revealed the formation of Q2, Q1, and Q0 phosphate species within the porous and solid microspheres, and degradation studies performed to evaluate mass loss, particle size, and pH changes over 28 days showed no significant differences among the microspheres (63–71 µm) investigated. The microspheres produced were then investigated using clinical (1.5 T) and preclinical (7 T) MRI systems to determine the R1 and R2 relaxation rates. Among the compositions investigated, manganese-based porous and solid microspheres revealed enhanced levels of R2 (9.7–10.5 s−1 for 1.5 T; 17.1–18.9 s−1 for 7 T) and R1 (3.4–3.9 s−1 for 1.5 T; 2.2–2.3 s−1 for 7 T) when compared to the copper and iron-based microsphere samples. This was suggested to be due to paramagnetic ions present in the Mn-based microspheres. It is also suggested that the porosity in the resorbable PBG porous microspheres could be further explored for loading with drugs or other biologics. This would further advance these materials as MRI theranostic agents and generate new opportunities for MRI contrast-enhancement oral-delivery applications.
Resin Acid Copper Salt, an Interesting Chemical Pesticide, Controls Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight by Regulating Bacterial Biofilm, Motility, and Extracellular Enzymes
Authors: Shi Lihong , Zhou Xiang , Qi Puying
Published: September 2024

Bacterial virulence plays an important role in infection. Antibacterial virulence factors are effective for preventing crop bacterial diseases. Resin acid copper salt as an effective inhibitor exhibited excellent anti-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) activity with an EC50 of 50.0 μg mL−1. Resin acid copper salt (RACS) can reduce extracellular polysaccharides’ (EPS’s) biosynthesis by down-regulating gumB relative expression. RACS can also effectively inhibit the bio-mass of Xoo biofilm. It can reduce the activity of Xoo extracellular amylase at a concentration of 100 μg mL−1. Meanwhile, the results of virtual computing suggested that RACS is an enzyme inhibitor. RACS displayed good curative activity with a control effect of 38.5%. Furthermore, the result of the phytotoxicity assessment revealed that RACS exhibited slight toxicity compared with the control at a concentration of 200 μg mL−1. The curative effect was increased to 45.0% using an additional antimicrobial agent like orange peel essential oil. RACS markedly inhibited bacterial pathogenicity at a concentration of 100 μg mL−1 in vivo.
Concisely Constructing S, F Co-Modified MnO Nanoparticles Attached to S, N Co-Doped Carbon Skeleton as a High-Rate Performance Anode Material
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Chunyan , Huo Zhe , Sun Jia , Liu Guangyin , Liu Xiaodi , Yu Chuang
Published: September 2024

The utilization of MnO anodes with high storage capacity is significantly hindered by rapid capacity fading and inadequate rate capability, stemming from substantial volume fluctuations and low electrical conductivity. Crafting a composite comprising sulfur and fluorine co-modified MnO nanoparticles integrated with sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon matrices promises enhanced electrochemical performance yet poses formidable obstacles. Here, we present a straightforward synthetic strategy for in situ growth of sulfur and fluorine co-modified MnO nanoparticles onto sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon scaffolds. This integration effectively mitigates volume variations and enhances electrical conductivity. As a result, the SF-MnO/SNC composite demonstrates remarkable cycling stability and rate capability when employed as a lithium-ion battery anode. Remarkably, it achieves a high reversible capacity of 975 mAh g−¹ after 80 cycles at 0.1 A g−¹ and retains a substantial capacity of 498 mAh g−¹ even at a high rate of 2.0 A g−¹. The concise synthesis method and exceptional rate properties render the SF-MnO/SNC composite a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The strategy of simultaneously doping oxides and carbon will bring new ideas to the research of oxide anodes.
Simultaneously Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells by Using P3HT/PEDOT:PSS as a Double Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Yang Xiude , Luo Minghao , Zhang Qianqian , Huang Haishen , Yao Yanqing , Yang Yuanlin , Li Ying , Cheng Wan , Li Ping
Published: September 2024

The stability issue of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has long been of concern to researchers. Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is commonly used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in the inverted PSCs to achieve efficient and stable performance. However, PEDOT:PSS can corrode ITO, affecting device efficiency. Moreover, the hydrophilic nature of PEDOT:PSS compromises device stability. In this work, Poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), known for its good hydrophobicity, was used to modify the surface of PEDOT:PSS, reducing its water absorption and thereby enhancing the efficiency and stability of PSCs. The results reveal that incorporating P3HT effectively enhances the hydrophobicity of PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, it fosters the development of large-grain perovskite film on the PEDOT:PSS/P3HT bilayer. This enhancement leads to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.78% for PSCs, with an increase by 16% than that of reference cells (17.04% of PCE). Following a duration of 1000 h, the PCE for the device modified with P3HT remains above 90%, while the PCE of the reference device is below 70%. These findings suggest that using P3HT in conjunction with PEDOT:PSS as a bilayer HTL can concurrently and proficiently improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Construction of Patterned Cu2O Photonic Crystals on Textile Substrates for Environmental Dyeing with Excellent Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Yin Zhen , Zhou Chunxing , Shao Yiqin , Sun Zhan , Zhu Guocheng , Khabibulla Parpiev
Published: September 2024

Structural dyeing has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as environmental friendliness, vivid color, and resistance to fading. Herein, we propose an alternative strategy for fabric coloring based on Cu2O microspheres. The strong Mie scattering effect of Cu2O microspheres enables the creation of vibrant structural colors on fabric surfaces. These colors are visually striking and can potentially be adjusted by tuning the diameter of the microspheres. Importantly, the Cu2O spheres were firmly bonded to the fabrics by using the industrial adhesive PDMS, and the Cu2O structural color fabrics exhibited excellent color fastness to washing, rubbing, and bending. Cu2O structural color fabrics also demonstrated excellent antimicrobial properties against bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The bactericidal rates of Cu2O structural color textiles after washing for E. coli and S. aureus reached 92.40% and 94.53%, respectively. This innovative approach not only addresses environmental concerns associated with traditional dyeing processes but also enhances fabric properties by introducing vibrant structural colors and antimicrobial functionality.
Adhesion Strength Enhancement of Butyl Rubber and Aluminum Using Nanoscale Self-Assembled Monolayers of Various Silane Coupling Agents for Vibration Damping Plates
Authors: Lee So Rim , Nghia Dang Xuan , Oh Jin Young , Lee Tae Il
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we enhance the adhesion strength of butyl rubber-based vibrational damping plates using nanoscale self-assembled monolayers of various silane coupling agents. The silane coupling agents used to chemically modify the plate’s aluminum surface include 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (GPTES), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (ICPTES). The modified surfaces were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the enhancement in adhesion strength between the rubber and aluminum was estimated through T-Peel tests. As a result, MPTMS showed the highest enhancement in adhesion strength, of approximately 220% compared to the untreated sample, while GPTES, ICPTES, and APTES resulted in adhesion strength enhancements of approximately 200%, 150%, and 130%, respectively.
Correction: Zhu et al. Energy Efficient Access Point Placement for Distributed Massive MIMO. Network 2022, 2, 288–310
Authors: Zhu Yi-Hang , Callebaut Gilles , Çalık Hatice , Van der Perre Liesbet , Rottenberg François
Published: September 2024

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the peer-review process related to the publication of this article [...]
Impact of Sex on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Rosiglitazone in Modulating White Adipose Tissue Function and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Bauzá-Thorbrügge Marco , Amengual-Cladera Emilia , Galmés-Pascual Bel Maria , Morán-Costoya Andrea , Gianotti Magdalena , Valle Adamo , Proenza Ana Maria , Lladó Isabel
Published: September 2024

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global public health issues. Although males show higher obesity and insulin resistance prevalence, current treatments often neglect sex-specific differences. White adipose tissue (WAT) is crucial in preventing lipotoxicity and inflammation and has become a key therapeutic target. Rosiglitazone (RSG), a potent PPARγ agonist, promotes healthy WAT growth and mitochondrial function through MitoNEET modulation. Recent RSG-based strategies specifically target white adipocytes, avoiding side effects. Our aim was to investigate whether sex-specific differences in the insulin-sensitizing effects of RSG exist on WAT during obesity and inflammation. We used Wistar rats of both sexes fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 22.5% fat content) for 16 weeks. Two weeks before sacrifice, a group of HFD-fed rats received RSG treatment (4 mg/kg of body weight per day) within the diet. HFD male rats showed greater insulin resistance, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dyslipidemia than females. RSG had more pronounced effects in males, significantly improving insulin sensitivity, fat storage, mitochondrial function, and lipid handling in WAT while reducing ectopic fat deposition and enhancing adiponectin signaling in the liver. Our study suggests a significant sexual dimorphism in the anti-diabetic effects of RSG on WAT, correlating with the severity of metabolic dysfunction.
Infant Milk Formula Enriched in Dairy Cream Brings Its Digestibility Closer to Human Milk and Supports Intestinal Health in Pre-Clinical Studies
Authors: Kondrashina Alina , Mamone Gianfranco , Giblin Linda , Lane Jonathan A.
Published: September 2024

Human breast milk (HBM) is the “gold standard” for infant nutrition. When breast milk is insufficient or unavailable, infant milk formula (IMF) can provide a safe and nutritious alternative. However, IMFs differ considerably from HBM in composition and health function. We compared the digestibility and potential health functions of IMF containing low cream (LC-) or high cream (HC-) with pooled HBM. After simulated infant digestion of these samples, the bioavailability of key nutrients and immunomodulatory activities were determined via cell-based in vitro assays. A Caenorhabditis elegans leaky gut model was established to investigate cream effects on gut health. Distinct differences were observed in peptide diversity and sequences released from HC-IMF compared with LC-IMF during simulated digestion (p < 0.05). Higher levels of free fatty acids were absorbed through 21-day differentiated Caco-2/HT-29MTX monolayers from HC-IMF, compared with LC-IMF and HBM (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the immune-modulating properties of HC-IMF appeared to be more similar to HBM than LC-IMF, as observed by comparable secretion of cytokines IL-10 and IL-1β from THP-1 macrophages (p > 0.05). HC-IMF also supported intestinal recovery in C. elegans following distortion versus LC-IMF (p < 0.05). These observations suggest that cream as a lipid source in IMF may provide added nutritional and functional benefits more aligned with HBM.
The Possible Involvement of Glucagon-like Peptide-2 in the Regulation of Food Intake through the Gut–Brain Axis
Authors: Baccari Maria Caterina , Vannucchi Maria Giuliana , Idrizaj Eglantina
Published: September 2024

Food intake regulation is a complex mechanism involving the interaction between central and peripheral structures. Among the latter, the gastrointestinal tract represents one of the main sources of both nervous and hormonal signals, which reach the central nervous system that integrates them and sends the resulting information downstream to effector organs involved in energy homeostasis. Gut hormones released by nutrient-sensing enteroendocrine cells can send signals to central structures involved in the regulation of food intake through more than one mechanism. One of these is through the modulation of gastric motor phenomena known to be a source of peripheral satiety signals. In the present review, our attention will be focused on the ability of the glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) hormone to modulate gastrointestinal motor activity and discuss how its effects could be related to peripheral satiety signals generated in the stomach and involved in the regulation of food intake through the gut–brain axis. A better understanding of the possible role of GLP-2 in regulating food intake through the gut–brain axis could represent a starting point for the development of new strategies to treat some pathological conditions, such as obesity.
Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL): A Teaching and Learning Experience in Nursing
Authors: Roqueta-Vall-llosera Marta , Malagón-Aguilera Maria del Carmen , Reig-Garcia Gloria , Masià-Plana Afra , Serrat-Graboleda Eva , Bonmatí-Tomàs Anna
Published: September 2024

Background: Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) involves international online activities that allow the support of transversal competencies in diverse and multicultural environments without moving from home. This paper presents the learning experiences and satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students at the University of Girona (Spain) from a COIL activity involving clinical simulation in collaboration with the University of Coventry (United Kingdom). Methods: Qualitative study of content analysis. Twelve students from each of the two universities participated in the data collection process using reflective diaries. Results: The data analysis highlighted five topics related to the COIL activity involving clinical simulation: (a) initial attitudes towards the COIL activity; (b) main learning through the COIL activity; (c) positive aspects of the COIL activity; (d) weaknesses of the COIL activity and proposals for improvement; and (e) overall evaluation of the COIL activity. Conclusions: The main learning outcomes referred to by students were the relationships between transversal competencies and the skills for life, language skills, cultural skills, and more specific skills related to clinical standards. The students were most satisfied with the teaching activities and specified positive aspects and weaknesses that will add value to future versions of the activities.
Identifying New Areas of Endemicity and Risk Factors for Rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii Infection: Serosurvey in Rural Areas of Romania
Authors: Cheran Cristina Alexandra , Panciu Andreea Madalina , Riciu Claudia Doina , Nedelcu Iulia Maria , Iacob Diana Gabriela , Hristea Adriana
Published: September 2024

Background: Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii, primarily prevalent in Mediterranean and Southern Europe. We aimed to evaluate MSF seroprevalence and risk factors in non-endemic rural areas of Romania. Methods: We conducted a serosurvey in five counties not under MSF surveillance by testing 459 serum samples from adult volunteers for specific IgG antibodies using ELISA. Participants answered a questionnaire regarding demographics and MSF risk factors. Results: The median age of the participants was 60 years and 329 (71.7%) were female. Overall, 64 (13.9%) samples tested positive for IgG anti-R. conorii, with rates ranging from 7.1% in Sibiu to 22.4% in Hunedoara. The median age of the positive individuals was 68 years, with a significantly higher seropositivity rate of 54.7% among those over 65 years (p = 0.01). Among those positive, 53 (82.8%) owned different household animals; 24 (37.5%) had daily contact with dogs, and 27 (42.2%) with livestock; 17 (26.6%) noted tick infestations of animals, and 23 (35.9%) reported tick bites. Conclusions: This study revealed an important seroprevalence of MSF in Romanian areas considered non-endemic, indicating an expansion of its geographical range, probably due to climate change, and emphasizing the importance of enhanced surveillance and diagnostic capabilities nationwide.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assessment of Pediatric Dental Panoramic Radiographs (DPRs): A Clinical Study
Authors: Turosz Natalia , Chęcińska Kamila , Chęciński Maciej , Lubecka Karolina , Bliźniak Filip , Sikora Maciej
Published: September 2024

This clinical study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of artificial intelligence (AI) in assessing permanent teeth in pediatric patients. Over one thousand consecutive DPRs taken in Kielce, Poland, with the Carestream CS9600 device were screened. In the study material, 35 dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients of developmental age were identified and included. They were automatically evaluated with an AI algorithm. The DPRs were then analyzed by researchers. The status of the following dichotomous variables was assessed: (1) decay, (2) missing tooth, (3) filled tooth, (4) root canal filling, and (5) endodontic lesion. The results showed high specificity and accuracy (all above 85%) in detecting caries, dental fillings, and missing teeth but low precision. This study provided a detailed assessment of AI performance in a previously neglected age group. In conclusion, the overall accuracy of AI algorithms for evaluating permanent dentition in dental panoramic radiographs is lower for pediatric patients than adults or the entire population. Hence, identifying primary teeth should be implemented in AI-driven software, at least so as to ignore them when assessing mixed dentition (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT06258798).
Comparative Analysis of Volatile Components in Chi-Nan and Ordinary Agarwood Aromatherapies: Implications for Sleep Improvement
Authors: Jiang Zixiao , Mou Junyu , Feng Jian , Zhang Shunan , Li Dan , Liu Yangyang
Published: September 2024

Agarwood, a precious traditional medicinal herb and fragrant material, is known for its sedative and sleep-improving properties. This study explores the mechanisms underlying the aromatherapy effects of Chi-Nan agarwood and ordinary agarwood in improving sleep. Using a combination of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques, we identified and c ompared the chemical compositions and potential molecular targets of both types of agarwood. The GC-MS analysis detected 87 volatile components across six types of agarwood aromatherapy, with 51 shared between Chi-Nan and ordinary agarwood, while each type also had 18 unique components. Ordinary agarwood was found to be richer in sesquiterpenes and small aromatic molecules, whereas Chi-Nan agarwood contained higher levels of chromones. These differences in chemical composition are likely responsible for the distinct sleep-improving effects observed between the two types of agarwood. Through network pharmacology, 100, 65, and 47 non-repetitive target genes related to sleep improvement were identified for components shared by both types of agarwood (CSBTs), components unique to common agarwood (CUCMs), and components unique to Chi-Nan agarwood (CUCNs), respectively. The constructed protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed that key targets such as MAOA, MAOB, SLC6A4, and ESR1 are involved in the sleep-improving mechanisms of agarwood aromatherapy. Molecular docking further confirmed the strong binding affinities of major active components, such as 5-Isopropylidene-6-methyldeca-369-trien-2-one and 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone, with these core targets. The results suggest that agarwood aromatherapy enhances sleep quality through both hormonal and neurotransmitter pathways, with ordinary agarwood more deeply mediating hormonal regulation, while Chi-Nan agarwood predominantly influences neurotransmitter pathways, particularly those involving serotonin and GABA. This study provides valuable insights into the distinct therapeutic potentials of Chi-Nan and ordinary agarwood, highlighting their roles in sleep improvement and offering a foundation for future research in the clinical application of agarwood-based aromatherapy.