bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pragmaticalização de capaz em português brasileiro e a codificação da atitude do falante / The pragmaticalization of capaz in Brazilian Portuguese and the codification of the speaker’s attitude
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia , Lunguinho Marcus Vinicius
Published: February 2019

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar as propriedades das construções do português brasileiro com a expressão capaz, como Capaz que a Maria viajou. Essas construções podem ter significados diferentes, dependendo do padrão de entoação a elas associado. Com uma entoação plana, capaz é interpretado como um modal epistêmico, enquanto com a acentuação em capaz, tal como falado na região sul do Brasil, essa expressão passa a ser interpretada como um marcador pragmático, expressando surpresa ou o ponto de vista contrário do falante. A hipótese defendida no trabalho é a de que essas leituras estão associadas a duas estruturas sintáticas distintas: as sentenças com capaz epistêmico são bioracionais, ao passo que as sentenças em que capaz funciona como marcador pragmático são mono-oracionais. Com base nas propostas de Speas e Tenny (2003) e de Hill (2007, 2014) acerca da existência de uma projeção associada ao ato de fala (denominada Speech Act Phrase – SAP) e visível para a computação sintática, propomos que capaz como um marcador pragmático é uma expressão que sofreu um processo de mudança linguística denominado pragmaticalização (DOSTIE, 2004) e, em consequência dessa mudança, é inserido diretamente no núcleo de SAP, projeção que faz a interface da sintaxe com a pragmática conversacional.Palavras-chave: modalidade epistêmica; marcador pragmático; interface sintaxe-pragmática.Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to examine the properties of Brazilian Portuguese constructions involving the expression capaz ‘capable’ (Capaz que a Maria viajou, literally ‘capable that Maria travelled’) which can have different meanings depending on the intonation pattern associated to it. With a flat intonation, capaz can be an epistemic modal; with an intonation stressing capaz, as spoken in Southern Brazil, it can be a pragmatic marker, expressing the speaker negative point of view or the speaker’s surprise. The hypothesis defended here is that these readings are related to two different structures. Constructions with epistemic capaz are treated as biclausal structures, whereas constructions with capaz functioning as a pragmatic marker are analyzed as monoclausal structures. Based on Speas and Tenny (2003) and Hill (2007, 2014), who assume the existence of a Speech Act Phrase (SAP), a projection associated with the speech act and visible for the syntactic computation, we propose that when it acts as a pragmatic marker, capaz is an expression that undergoes a process of linguistic change called pragmaticalization (DOSTIE, 2004) and, as a consequence, is externally merged into the head of SAP, a projection at the interface of syntax with conversational pragmatics.Keywords: epistemic modality; pragmatic marker; syntax-pragmatics interface.
La primera experiencia de practicum: un estudio exploratorio con alumnado y profesorado-tutor del Grado de Educación Infantil
Authors: Gil Molina Pilar
Published: February 2019

Numerosos estudios afirman que el período de prácticas es clave en la formación del alumnado porque le proporciona la oportunidad de trabajar y desarrollar competencias profesionales (Cid, Pérez y Sarmiento, 2011; Novella, 2011; Rodríguez-Gómez, Armengol y Meneses, 2017; Rosales, 2013; Tejada y Ruiz, 2013; Zabalza, 2011). Sin embargo, ¿cuál es la percepción del alumnado y del profesorado-tutor de los centros escolares? ¿Cómo valoran esta experiencia de prácticas? ¿En base a qué criterios realizan esas valoraciones? En este trabajo se ha intentado dar respuesta a estas cuestiones recogiendo la opinión de un grupo de alumnas del Grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) del campus de Gipuzkoa y contrastándolas con las valoraciones realizadas por el profesorado-tutor de los centros escolares en los que realizaron dichas prácticas. Los resultados indican que ambos colectivos valoran positivamente esta primera experiencia de prácticas y dan especial importancia en estas prácticas iniciales a aspectos relacionados con la interacción personal, entre otros: la ayuda proporcionada por el alumnado, la iniciativa demostrada, la participación activa y la actitud colaborativa.
EFFECTS OF KAOLIN ADDITIONS ON THERMAL BEHAVIORS OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS
Authors: USTA Nazim
Published: February 2019

Thermal insulation is very
important issue in many industrial applications and different materials are
preferred to satisfy the thermal insulation depending on the applications. One
of the most important properties of the thermal insulation materials is low
thermal conductivity. In addition, the cost of the material is another
important factor. Among the thermal insulation materials, rigid polyurethane
foams are used in automotive, transportation and building sectors due to lower
thermal conductivity. Although the thermal conductivity of the rigid
polyurethane foam is lower than those of many other thermal insulation
materials, other thermal insulation materials may be preferred in some
applications due to their lower costs. Therefore, different natural inorganic
minerals have been added as fillers into the foams, mainly to reduce raw
materials costs. In this study, kaolin, which is a cheap natural inorganic
mineral, was incorporated into rigid polyurethane foams in 5, 10 and 15 % in
mass. Effects of kaolin addition on thermal decomposition and thermal
conductivity of rigid polyurethane foams were investigated. The results
revealed that the incorporations of kaolin into the foams slightly increased
the thermal conductivities of the foams. However, it was found that kaolin
addition enhanced the thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foams. 
REVIEW ON POST-TREATMENT EMISSION CONTROL TECHNIQUE BY APPLICATION OF DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYSIS AND DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTRATION
Authors: KURİEN Caneon
Published: February 2019

The toxic nature of exhaust gases released by these engines has led
to environmental concerns, affecting its sustainability. The exhaust emission
from diesel engine includes carbon monoxide, nitrates, hydrocarbons and
particulate matter. Soot particles contained in the particulate matter is also
found to be carcinogenic in nature and also leads to various lung diseases.
Diesel oxidation catalysis system involves oxidation of hydrocarbons, nitrates
and soluble organic fraction. Diesel particulate filtration blocks the soot
particles with the help of alternately plugged diesel particulate filter with
porous walls. The regeneration of accumulated soot is one of the major
challenges faced by automotive industries for effective implementation of
diesel particulate filtration system. A detailed review on the challenges faced
in the implementation of emission control techniques has been carried out in
this study and  it has been explored from
the results of literature study that microwave based regeneration technique
would be an effective technique. This paper provides a platform for
understanding the working principle of post treatment emission control
techniques and also on the role of regeneration in effective operation of
Diesel Particulate Filter.
Comparative study between use of calretinin and synaptophysin immunostaining in diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Sheir Mahmoud , Samaka Rehab M. , Fakhry Tamer , Albatanony Ayman A.
Published: February 2019

Background: Hirschsprung disease (HD) is diagnosed by absence of ganglion cells in rectal biopsy. In some cases, standard methods fail to diagnose agangliosis. The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry (IHC) of calretinin and synaptophysin compared to standard methods.Methods: This prospective cross section study was conducted in Menoufia University hospitals, Egypt spanning the period between October 2017 to December 2018. Rectal biopsies of the clinically suspected HD patients stained with calretinin and synaptophysin and their results compared to the standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections.Results: A total of 30 patients aged from 3 days to 2 years with a male to female ratio 11:4 were examined for rectal biopsies. Sections of 9 cases were diagnosed HD. In inadequate specimens, sensitivity and specificity of calretinin and synpatophysin (100%, 80%) and (100%, 85.71%) respectively were superior to the sensitivity (40%) and specificity (14%) of H&E. However, in adequate specimens, results of H&E, calretinin and synaptophysin were the same.Conclusions: Immunohistochemical expression of calretinin and synaptophysin were conclusive, diagnostic and superior to the results of H&E stained section in inadequate. However, in adequate specimens calretinin and synaptophysin were consistent and confirmatory to the results of H&E sections.
Biopsy of sonologically detected peripheral lymph nodes: diagnostic value in HIV positive patients
Authors: Gharat Mayur , Dikshit Bharat , Pujari Sanjay , Phalgune Deepak
Published: February 2019

Background: One of the most common manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is generalized lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of these nodes can help in diagnosing associated conditions. Biopsy of clinically non-palpable lymph nodes can help physician to obtain an early diagnosis of associated diseases in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Present research was undertaken to study diagnostic yield of sonologically detected peripheral lymph node biopsy in symptomatic PLHIV.Methods: One hundred ten PLHIV above age of 18 years referred to surgery department for excision biopsy of sonologically detected peripheral lymph nodes were included. Specimen was sent in normal saline to laboratory for testing and part of the specimen was fixed in formalin for further evaluation. Gram stain, Zeil Nelson stain, histopathological examination and genotype MTBDR plus test were conducted. Comparison of quantitative variables and qualitative variables was done by using Kruskal wallis test and Chi-square test / Fisher’s exact test respectively.Results: Most common diagnosis obtained was tuberculous lymphadenopathy followed by reactive hyperplasia. Significantly higher percentage of patients having weight loss was diagnosed with tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Percentage of tuberculous lymphadenopathy patients was higher in patients who were not on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as compared to those who were on ART. Median duration of HIV in tuberculosis lymphadenopathy patients was less as compared to patients with malignancy. Sensitivity, and specificity was 91.7%, and 61.5% respectively for diagnostic yield of USG in non-palpable lymph nodes.Conclusions: USG is a sensitive tool for early detection of clinically non-palpable pathological lymph nodes in symptomatic PLHIV.
A study of surgical profile of patients with hemorrhoids at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shinde Prashant R. , Chawada Meghraj J. , Deshmukh Sudhir B.
Published: February 2019

Background: In hemorrhoids, the anal canal venous plexuses become engorged. It can lead to bleeding, thrombosis, prolapse, pain. Study of surgical profile helps to educate the patients to take proper precautions to avoid the severe forms of it. The objective of the study was to study the surgical profile of patients with hemorrhoids at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Present study was hospital based cross sectional study. It was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in the department of general surgery among 100 patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of hemorrhoids during the study period from 1st January 2017 to 31st October 2018.Results: Majority of the patients 41% were in the age group of 35-45 years. The number affected by hemorrhoids was more in males i.e. 56%. Incidence of hemorrhoids was more in upper class. Incidence of hemorrhoids was less i.e. 21% among those who took only vegetarian diet. Majority of the patients (78%) presented after one year of occurrence of treatment. 54% of the patients had third grade of hemorrhoids. Bleeding was present in the majority i.e. 98% of the patients. On anorectal examination, it was found that 44% of the patients had fissure and 23% of the patients had peri anal skin tag. Anorectal examination was within normal limits in 33% of the cases.Conclusions: Vegetarian diet may be protective against hemorrhoids. Bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. Thus, study helped to identify that being male, younger age group, non-veg diet may be the risk factors for hemorrhoids.
Clinical study and management of small bowel obstruction in 20 cases in a large tertiary care teaching public health hospital in Department of General Surgery
Authors: Mehta Sudhir G. , Bajpai Achint , Kumar Saravana
Published: February 2019

Background: Small bowel obstruction is one of common and most challenging emergency faced by one in surgical practice. Bowel obstructions account for approximately 20% of all surgical admissions in patients with acute abdominal conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate age and sex distribution along with different etiological factors in age groups, clinical features among with different etiological factors, benefits of early surgical intervention, causes of mortality and morbidity.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 20 patients for period of two years. All cases above age of 18years are included. Patients who are pregnant, with history of confirmed and strongly suspected peritoneal carcinosis, undergoing radiotherapy of the abdominal region are excluded from the study.Results: 20 cases with 60% males and 40% females were included in the study and majority of patients were between age group of 41 to 60 years (55%). Pain abdomen was the most common symptom. Abdominal tenderness was the most common sign present in all patients. Mortality rate was 20% out of which 40% death rate was present in patient operated after 24 hours of admission. Septicaemia was the most common cause of death.Conclusions: So the intra-abdominal adhesions are the commonest cause of small bowel obstruction while strangulation or obstructed hernia may account for high mortality. Conclusively it can be said that early detection and complete treatment including timely surgery are the essential aspects to decrease morbidities and ultimately decrease mortality.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma: a case report
Authors: Kumar Nilay , Sinha Avinash Kumar
Published: February 2019

Teratomas are germ cell tumours composed of multiple types of cells derived from more than a single germ cell layer. The most common site of an extra gonadal teratoma is the sacrococcygeal region. We report a case of a 10-day-old female child with a large swelling in the sacrococcygeal region extending laterally into the buttocks. X-ray showed a large mass projecting from the lower pelvic region and delineate the extent of the tumour and the involvement of tissues. Image findings and clinical presentation led to the diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma. Tumour was surgically excised with prior pre-anaesthetic checkup, post-operative period was uneventful. She was discharged with advice to come in follow-up surgical outpatient clinic. There was no evidence of tumour recurrence till 1 year of age. She had normal growth curve for her age with normal developmental milestones.
Identifying Factors that Contribute to Severity of Construction Injuries using Logistic Regression Model
Authors: AKBOĞA KALE Özge , BARADAN Selim
Published: February 2019

Consequently, majority
of studies in occupational safety leaned towards describing accidents with the
aid of surveys and descriptive statistics. This
study intends to fill this gap by using inferential statistics to identify the
factors that contribute to severity of injuries. Subsequently, cooperation with Social Security
Institute of Turkey was achieved and an extensive archival study was performed.
The information acquired from open-ended questions in forms were reorganized to
be identified as variables. Categorically identified data set were analyzed statistically
by using binary logistic regression analyses. The findings of the study showed
that work experience, accident type, unsafe condition, unsafe act have
statistically significant influence on Injury Severity Score.
Internal Auditors’ Independence and Financial Performance of Listed Banks at the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors: Mburunga Elicana Mwiti , Walubuka Dr. Elijah , Gichana Mr. Ignatius
Published: February 2019

The internal audit function plays a significant role in the financial performance of banks as it tasked with not only carrying out an oversight function but also providing assurance to their stakeholders. It is also required of an internal auditor to undertake assessment on the status of internal controls as well provide recommendations on the same albeit independently. However, these functions are adversely influenced by interference from top management leading to a significant negative impact on the financial performance of banks. Specifically this research based its investigation on the influence of internal auditors’ independence on financial performance of listed banks at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). The study is pivoted on two theories; Agency Theory and Market Power Theory. This research was guided by Descriptive survey research design. The study’s target population constituted of 76 Audit Managers and Internal auditors. A sample size of 76 final sampled subjects was used and respondents selected using Census sampling technique.  A questionnaire was prepared and used for primary data collection from the target final sampled subjects. Descriptive statistics was employed in the analysis of quantitative data while narratives guided by themes under research were employed in the reporting of qualitative data. A Chi Sqaure was employed to test hypothesis. The research established that limited or minimal internal auditors’ independence negatively influenced financial performance of listed banks at the NSE. In particular, the study established that the existence of an internal audit budget as a measure of improving internal auditors’ independence influenced the financial performance of commercial banks listed in NSE. Additionally, this research established that recognized the need to enhance of Internal audit as a training ground for managers meaning most of the study’s final subjects appreciated the need to gain experience prior to been promoted to an audit manager position for excellent work performance. The scholarly investigation concluded that internal audit budget that determines internal auditors’ independence has a significant influence on the financial performance of listed banks. The research recommends that as a measure of enhancing internal auditor independence, commercial dependable banks listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) should invest financial resources in the form of a budget to their internal audit departments.
Porter’s Competitive Strategies Influence on Performance of Mobile Telecommunication Companies in Kenya
Authors: David Asena Muganda
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between Porter’s competitive strategies and performance of mobile telecommunication companies in Kenya. More specifically the study sought to determine the influence of cost leadership, differentiation and market focus strategies on performance of mobile telecommunication companies in Kenya. The target population of the study comprised of 241 management staff drawn from; Safaricom PLC, Airtel, Telkom and Equitel mobile telecommunication companies in Kenya. A sample of 117 respondents was selected purposively for the study. The study adopted a mixed method of explanatory and cross sectional survey research design approach. The research utilized both primary and secondary data. The data obtained was summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between the variables, and multiple regression to determine the influence of Porter’s competitive strategies on performance of mobile telecommunication companies. The study concluded that Porter’s competitive strategies; cost leadership, differentiation and market focus strategies adopted by the telecommunication companies had a positive significant influence on their performance in terms of sales and market share in customer’s subscription. The study recommended that mobile telecommunication companies in Kenya should embrace Porter’s competitive strategies more to continue achieving competitive advantage and enhance their performance.
Morte e Renascimento: reflexões entre a psicoterapia e o tratamento de doenças
Authors: Perin Nathália , Cardinalli Ida Elizabeth , Faria Durval Luiz de
Published: February 2019

Este estudo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de articular os temas morte e renascimento com a psicoterapia e o tratamento de doenças. Inicia-se com uma breve apresentação da Ontopsicologia com suas descobertas empíricas e metodológicas ao longo do tempo visando uma introdução ao conceito de psicoterapia ontopsicológica. Detalha dois artigos dos quais foram apresentados os resultados obtidos e as peculiaridades da análise onírica nessa perspectiva.  Concluiu-se que os resultados em psicoterapia dependem também de uma vontade de mudança por parte dos clientes. O sintoma ou problema existe como expressão de algo não resolvido ou não compreendido, entendendo e elaborando a sua origem, abre-se espaço para a cura. É nesse ponto que as temáticas morte e renascimento andam juntas e são tão relevantes na psicoterapia. No tratamento de doenças, para superar um determinado sintoma ou problema, é necessário estimular a revisão crítica da consciência que se dá por meio do abandono de velhos esquemas fixos, aprendidos e memorizados, mudando o modo de pensar e refletir, buscando abrir a mente para a novidade que quer nascer.
In Vitro Susceptibility Of Tigecycline Among Acinetobacter Baumanii Clinical Isolates From a Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Wiwing Veronica , Cucunawangsih Cucunawangsih
Published: February 2019

Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii) has arisen as the most important cause of nosocomial infection, typically in severely ill patients with many comorbidities and medical supportive devices. Tigecycline is a therapeutic option for treating this infection because of its potential ability against wide spectrum of bacterias, including multi-drug resistance A. baumannii (MDRAB). Our study determine the in vitro susceptibility of tigecycline against A. baumanii isolates and the emergence of MDRAB. The frequency of isolates that were not inhibited at MIC ≤ 0.5 µg/ml was 50.46%, at MIC = 1µg/ml was 2.38%, and at MIC = 2 µg/ml was 19.07%. The susceptibility rate of tigecycline against A. baumanii was 68.27% in 2015, 79.58% in 2016, and 67.87% in 2017. In vitro result demonstrated that tigecycline had good value of MIC against A. baumanii at the range of 0.5 to 2 µg/ml.
Prolaps Organ Panggul
Authors: Wibisono Jacobus , Hermawan Gezta
Published: February 2019

Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition of descent or herniation of woman’s pelvic organs through the birth canal or onto birth canal space. As someone gets older, the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse increases, due to weakening of ligaments and muscles as suspensor for the pelvic organs. Prolapse may or may not show symptoms. Symptoms that occur are associated due to pressure of the pelvic area, difficulty urinating and defecation. The staging of pelvic organ prolapse utilized the Baden-Walker System and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q). Management for pelvic organ prolapse can be done conservatively and operatively, and the decision of which approach should be taken based on the patient’s condition and choice.
Farklı Oranlarda Karıştırılan Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) ve Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Hâsıllarının Silaj ve Yem Kalitesine Etkisi
Authors: SEYDOŞOĞLU Seyithan
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Farklı oranlarda karıştırılan yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) ile arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) hâsıllarının silaj ve yem kalitesine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.Materyal ve Yöntem: Denemede bitki materyali olarak, Altıkat arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşidi, GAP Pembesi yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma; GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü deneme tarlasında kışlık olarak 2015-2016 yılında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; yalın olarak %100 yem bezelyesi, %100 arpa silajından oluşurken, karışım oranları ise %75 yem bezelyesi + %25 arpa, %50 yem bezelyesi + %50 arpa, %25 yem bezelyesi + %75 arpa karışım silajından oluşmuştur.Bulgular: Silajlar fiziksel özellikleri yönünden incelendiğinde; en yüksek puanı 19.25 ile %100 arpa silajından elde edilirken, en düşük puan ise 14.00 ile %100 yem bezelyesi silajından elde edilmiştir. Nitelik sınıfı bakımından tüm silajlar “iyi” ve “çok iyi” sınıfına dâhil olmuştur. Kimyasal özellikler açısından incelendiğinde; pH değeri 3.91-4.11, kuru madde %27.50-32.75, ham protein %12.10- 18.75, ham kül oranı %8.21-8.38, flieg 103.80-111.50 puan, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif %32.34- 35.53, nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif %42.48-50.90, sindirilebilir kuru madde %62.10-63.71, kuru madde tüketim %2.36-2.83 ve nispi yem değeri 111.92-139.03 arasında değişim göstermiştir.Sonuç: Tüm özellikler yönünden incelendiğinde; yüksek ham protein oranı, düşük asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif ve nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif oranları ve yüksek nispi yem değeri ile %75 yem bezelyesi + %25 arpa karışım silajı önerilmektedir.
LEPROSY AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS COINFECTION: A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Lydiawati Eva , Sirithida Chukmol , Vannda Sou , Vortey Hak , Ratana Heng , Listiawan M. Yulianto , Agusni Indropo
Published: February 2019

Leprosy, or Hansen disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae which is associated with inflammation that may damage the skin and the peripheral nerves. Leprosy remains an important public health problem in Southeast Asia, America, and Africa. It has been speculated that, as with TB, HIV infection may exacerbate leprosy lesions and/or lead to increased susceptibility to leprosy. We report the case of leprosy and HIV co-infection and reveals its clinical manifestation. A 34-year-old female came to outpatient clinic complaining of rednessplaque on her face of 2-months duration. It was also accompanied with thick sensation but without itchy or burning sensation. We found thick erythematous plaque with sharp margin and hypoesthesia on her face and body. There were no madarosis, saddle nose, lagophthalmos, nor sign of neuritis. The slit-skin smear revealed BI 1+ globi and MI 2%. From laboratory examination we found CBC was within normal limit, IgM anti PGL-1 titer was 1265 u/mL and IgG anti PGL-1 was 834 u/mL Both histological examination on her ear lobe and extremity revealed that was similar to the lesion of leprosy. The detection of HIV antibody was positive with CD4 count on 325 cells/μL. We treat her with MDT for MB leprosy along with ART (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Efavirenz). After 6-months follow-up we observed no progression of the lesions though the slit-skin smear after completing 6 months of therapy become negative. M. leprae does not seem to accelerate the decline of immune function when associated with HIV infection. HIV infection does not seem to affect the clinical classification and progression of leprosy. Treatment of the HIV-leprosy co-infected patient consists of the combination of ARTs and anti-leprosy agents. So that, the treatment of leprosy and HIV co-infection does not differ from that of a seronegative leprosy patient.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı Yıllarında Sosyal Bir Yardım Olarak Kızılay Aşevleri
Authors: UTKUGÜN Ceren , ORTAK Şaban
Published: February 2019

1929 Dünya Ekonomik
Krizinin etkileri devam ederken İkinci Dünya Savaşı başlamıştır. Bu durum
savaşın olumsuz ekonomik etkilerinin daha yoğun biçimde yaşanmasına neden
olmuştur. Savaş yıllarında askeri harcamaların artması, üretimin ve ithalatın
azalması halkın üzerinde ağır bir ekonomik yük oluşturmuştur. Enflasyon
toplumda ekonomik bunalım oluşturmuş, ekonomik güçlerin askeri alana
kaydırılması tarımsal üretimde azalmalara yol açmış, besin maddeleri sıkıntısı
sonucunda karne uygulamaları başlamış, yer yer kıtlık yaşanmıştır. İkinci Dünya
Savaşı’nın başlamasıyla savaş dışı kalmaya çalışan Türkiye seferberlik ilan
etmiştir. Seferberlik ilanı dış tehditlere karşı milli müdafaa tedbiri olarak
değerlendirilse de sonuçları itibariyle ülkede iaşe sorunu yaşanmasına yol
açmıştır.

 Savaş yıllarında yaşanan ekonomik sıkıntıları
hafifletmek amacıyla çeşitli ekonomik ve sosyal tedbirler alınmıştır. Ekonomik
müdahalelerle savaş enflasyonu önlenmeye ve sosyal politikalarla savaştan
kaynaklanan toplumsal sorunlar hafifletilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sosyal politika
tedbirlerinde devletin yetmediği alanlarda sosyal yardım cemiyetleri ve gönüllü
kişilerin yardımları ile desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışmada İkinci Dünya Savaşı
yıllarında artan yoksulluk sonucunda özellikle kentlerde yaşanan açlığı hafifletmeye
çalışan Kızılay aş evlerinin çalışmaları dönem basınından faydalanılarak
incelenmiştir.
INTEGRASI REPRESENTASI MAKROSKOPIK, PARTIKEL, DAN SIMBOLIK PADA BAHAN AJAR LARUTAN ASAM-BASA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MODEL LEARNING CYCLE 5E UNTUK KELAS XI
Authors: Hapsah Rosmala , Maolani Rukaesih Ahmad , Rahman Arif
Published: February 2019

Integrasi representasi makroskopik, partikel, dan simbolik  dapat membatu siswa menghubungkan antar ketiga representasi dari suatu fenomena. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahan ajar Larutan Asam-Basa melalui integrasi representasi makroskopik, partikel, dan simbolik dengan model Learning Cycle 5E yang layak untuk kelas XI. Bahan ajar ini dapat dijadikan sumber belajar alternatif pada pembelajaran kimia. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Negeri Jakarta, SMAN 39 Jakarta, dan MAN 14 Jakarta sejak bulan Februari hingga November 2012. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pengembangan. Metode ini terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu analisis kebutuhan, pengembangan bahan ajar, dan uji coba kelayakan bahan ajar. Hasil perhitungan reliabilitas interrater pada uji materi, uji media, dan uji bahasa di tahap pengembangan bahan ajar, masing-masing menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian antar penilai baik, r > 0.7. Selain itu hasil interpretasi skor pada tahap uji coba kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar layak digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar yang telah dikembangkan dapat diterima dengan baik dan layak.

Kata Kunci: Bahan Ajar, Larutan Asam-Basa, Representasi Kimia, Learning Cycle 5E, Penelitian Pengembangan.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI SISWA PADA MATERI KOLOID DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MENTAL IMAGE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTâ€™S
Authors: Wulandari Dyah Ratna , Marheni Marheni , Nurbaity Nurbaity
Published: February 2019

Penggambaran  makroskopis, mikroskopis dan simbol dalam mata pelajaran kimia yang disebut sebagai triangle levels of representations dapat membuat persepsi siswa terhadap konsep menjadi berbeda-beda dan ada kemungkinan mengalami miskonsepsi atau kesalahan konsep. Visualisasi dapat memperjelas persepsi atau mental image siswa mengenai gambaran suatu konsep yang ada dalam pikirannya. Pada pembelajaran materi koloid selama ini disampaikan dengan analogi secara verbal, sehingga dapat menimbulkan persepsi siswa yang berbeda-beda terhadap suatu konsep. Diharapkan jika terdapat kesalahan persepsi (miskonsepsi) pada siswa, maka akan dapat dideteksi lebih awal dengan menggunakan mental image. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi siswa terhadap konsep-konsep dalam materi koloid dengan menggunakan mental image. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Tangerang pada bulan Mei-Juni 2013. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 dan XI IPA 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa masih mengalami miskonsepsi pada beberapa konsep pada materi koloid.

 Kata kunci: miskonsepsi, koloid, mental image
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning dan Tipe Kepribadian Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Koloid
Authors: Taher Tamrin , Erdawati Erdawati , Afrizal Afrizal
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Problem Based Learning dan tipe kepribadian terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi koloid. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 2 dan XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri 5 Tidore Kepulauan tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x2. Instrumen untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis berupa soal essay dan instrumen mengetahui tipe kepribadian berupa kuisioner. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis varians dua jalan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji-t. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi koloid yang diajarkan dengan model Problem Based Learning dan model pembelajaran langsung. 2) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi koloid antara siswa berkepribadian ekstrovert dan introvert. 3) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan tipe kepribadian terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi koloid. 4) kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa ekstrovert yang diajarkan dengan model Problem Based Learning lebih tinggi dibanding jika diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran langsung. 5) kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa introvert yang diajarkan dengan model Problem Based Learning lebih rendah dibanding jika diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran langsung. Dari hasil di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning lebih cocok diterapkan pada siswa yang memiliki tipe kepribadian ekstrovert untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis mereka terutama pada materi koloid dibanding siswa introvert.

 

Kata kunci

Problem Based Learning, Tipe Kepribadian, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Koloid
Analisis Model Mental Siswa pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit: Studi Kasus di Pandeglang
Authors: Wilandari Dinda Novia , Ridwan Achmad , Rahmawati Yuli
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model mental siswa di salah satu SMA di Pandeglang pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah etnografi yang merupakan salah satu tipe penelitian studi kasus yang terfokus memahami latar belakang partisipan. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi kelas, wawancara, reflektif jurnal siswa, free words association, dan free drawing techniques. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengkonstruksi model mental berdasarkan pemahaman dan pengalaman siswa yang dibantu dengan analogi yang dibuatnya dan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik dan lingkungan sekitar siswa. Analogi ion bergerak bebas pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit yang dikonstruk siswa adalah ikan, lebah, kambing, sedangkan analogi ikatan ion  yang dibuat siswa adalah sedekah, zakat, dan wakaf. Model mental siswa pada materi larutan elektrolit terbagi dalam model mental yang sesuai dengan konsep dan model mental yang tidak sesuai dengan konsep. Ketidaksesuaian model mental siswa dipengaruhi oleh pemahaman dan pengalaman siswa. 

Kata Kunci: model mental, kualitatif, larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit
The variation of obligatory preposition-article contractions in the interlanguage of adult learners of Portuguese
Authors: Brito Edvan P.
Published: February 2019

This study analyzes the sociolinguistic variation of obligatory contractions between the preposition de and the definite articles in the interlanguage of adult learners of Portuguese as foreign language in the United States. Using this variation phenomenon as an example, the main objective of this pilot study is to discuss the feasibility of using speech data from telecollaborative interactions in interlanguage variation studies. The analyzed data come from four audio-recorded teletandem sessions held in 2017 among nine US-based learners of Portuguese and native speakers of this language in Brazil. The quantitative analysis included three linguistic group factors —preceding word category, gender marking, and number marking— and four social group factors —learner gender, native language, immersion experience, and teletandem session. The results showed that only gender marking was selected as a significant factor for the occurrence of contraction. The study concluded that speech data from telecollaborative interactions can be used as one of the tasks in large scale interlanguage variation studies. However, it also cautions researchers to consider some of the major issues regarding selection of variables, learners’ style shifting and stage of acquisition, and technical limitations of this type of interaction.
Understanding teletandem language learning from an intersubjective perspective
Authors: Dos Santos Gerson Rossi , Consolo Douglas Altamiro
Published: February 2019

This paper is about an investigation on language description that focuses on the role of the establishment of intersubjectivity (McCafferty, 2002; Mori and Hayashi, 2006; Vygotsky, 1995; Duranti, 2010; Sambre, 2012) in the teletandem learning process. Intersubjectivity is understood as an experience of otherness between discourse subjects and is established between individuals as they recognize each other as individual subjects in social contexts. We report on analyses of teletandem data from one online interaction within the project Teletandem: transculturality in online interactions via webcam (Telles, 2011). The data were generated in a context of institutional and integrated teletandem interactions (Cavalari and Aranha, 2016). The oral sessions were audio and video-recorded. The recordings were transcribed and analyzed according to a hermeneutic orientation. The categories focused in the study contemplate (i) verbal and non-verbal communication, (ii) the co-construction of conditions for responsiveness in the target-language; (iii) bodily mimesis; as well as (iv) the co-construction of a shared framework of reference. Among other findings, the establishment of intersubjectivity encompasses both an immediate partner-to-partner dimension as well as a broader discourse community-based dimension. It has shown to develop as partners perceive each other aestetically through their voice and cinematic image, so that they can develop mutual responsiveness.
Estabelecendo objetivos de aprendizagem em contexto de teletandem
Authors: Ramos Karin Adriane Henschel Pobbe , Carvalho Kelly Cristiane Henschel Pobbe de
Published: February 2019

O propósito do presente artigo é discutir a respeito das questões relacionadas ao estabelecimento de objetivos de aprendizagem para as interações que se dão no contexto virtual do teletandem. Para tanto, fundamentamos nossa discussão no aporte teórico da abordagem do Ensino de Línguas para Fins Específicos (HUTCHINSON; WATERS, 1987; ROBINSON, 1991, CELANI; FREIRE; RAMOS, 2005), que considera o ensino de línguas a partir das necessidades de aprendizagem dos estudantes e pode ser aplicada a diferentes contextos educacionais. Os dados analisados são oriundos de questionários propostos a interagentes de teletandem, alunos de uma universidade brasileira que fizeram interação com alunos de uma universidade mexicana, durante o segundo semestre de 2018. A perspectiva metodológica do trabalho está ancorada na teoria fundamentada (CHARMAZ, 2009), cujos métodos estão baseados na coleta sistemática de dados, os quais, após a análise, dão origem a conceitos. As discussões aqui empreendidas poderão servir de subsídio a mediadores e interagentes que atuam nesse ambiente on-line de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, no sentido de que possam direcionar e potencializar o processo a partir dos objetivos estabelecidos.
Face-to-face tandem and etandem: differences that influence the maintenance of tandem learning activities.
Authors: Wakisaka Masako
Published: February 2019

This paper compared two qualitative multiple case studies and discussed the influence that face-toface tandem and eTandem methods had on maintaining learning activities in tandem. One study focused on faceto-face tandem learning and the other focused on eTandem via e-mail and Skype. The participants of the former were three Japanese-English tandem pairs who participated in a face-to-face tandem project on the campus of a Japanese University. The participants of the latter were three Japanese-German tandem pairs who participated in an eTandem project as part of a collaboration between a Japanese and a German university. These multiple qualitative case studies employed multiple data, including recordings of tandem sessions, learning diaries, resources used in tandem sessions, e-mail/chat logs, field notes, and post-research interviews. The result of the comparison between the two case studies revealed the following three differences affecting the maintenance of learning activities in tandem: 1)  distance and physical restriction caused differences in accessibility to sessions, 2) when encountering communication breakdowns, partners in face-to-face tandem learning drew pictures and used nonverbal communication, whereas learners in eTandem tended to rely on online or electronic dictionaries, and 3) learners supported each other more actively in face-to-face tandem learning.
Transcultural and Transcontinental Telecollaboration for Foreign Language Learning: proposals and challenges
Authors: Costa Leila Martins Gonçalves da , Salomão Ana Cristina Biondo , Zakir Maisa de Alcântara
Published: February 2019

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Pilot Bit and Reamer Matching: Real-Time Downhole Data Differentiates Hybrid Drill Bit’s Suitability with Concentric Reamer in Deepwater, Gulf of Mexico Application
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Ashabikash , Serrano Ralph , Rodrigue Wayne
Published: February 2019

Deepwater wells routinely use concentric reaming devices in the bottomhole assembly (BHA) to lower the equivalent circulating density (ECD). In Gulf of Mexico (GOM) applications, concentric reamers are frequently used and are positioned approximately 100 to 150 feet behind the pilot bit to address formation evaluation and other operational constraints. This distance between a drill bit and the concentric reamer poses bit–reamer synchronization challenges, especially while drilling interbedded formations, where the bit could drill a softer formation while the reamer is placed in a harder formation or vice versa. This situation causes fluctuations in the compressive load at the bit and reamer. Cutting element damage often results from overloading, leading to a premature and costly trip. In many cases, the pilot bit or reamer could be deprived of the optimal compressive load to cut the formation, resulting in lower-than-expected penetration rates. Inadequate and fluctuating compressive loads at the bit or reamer often trigger unsustainable vibrations.

Efforts to address the bit-reamer matching issue are ongoing in the industry, and managing the aggressiveness of pilot bit and reamer is frequently used as a potential solution. Although modelling programs are extensively used during the well planning process, a lack of specific guidelines continues to exist in the industry.

Hybrid bits, which combine polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and tungsten carbide insert (TCI) rolling cutter elements, have been widely and successfully used in GOM. These bits offer higher drilling efficiency because of their dual cutting elements and balanced aggressiveness. The results of 18⅛-in. hybrid drill bit usage with a concentric reamer provided encouraging results and offered a potential solution to the bit-reamer synchronization issue.

Using real-time downhole data, this paper evaluates and compares bit and reamer load distribution, drilling mechanics of PDC and hybrid bits, and provides valuable analytical insights on successful application of hybrid bits to address the issue of bit-reamer synchronization.
High-Frequency at-Bit Measurements Provide New Insights into Torsional Dynamics When Drilling with Steerable Mud Motors in Unconventional Horizontal Wells
Authors: Wilson J. K. , Whitacre T. , Heisig G.
Published: February 2019

New insights into torsional BHA dynamics have been gained from high-frequency at-bit measurements when drilling with steerable mud motors in horizontal wells. Steerable mud motors are traditionally thought to decouple the bit from "sticking" as the BHA and drillstring are subject to torsional fluctuations. However, newly gathered data shows that the bit can actually come to a complete stop while the motor is forced into backwards rotation. Motor twist-offs and back-offs while drilling can be the costly consequence of such behavior.

Using high-frequency, at-bit, measurements, dynamic and environmental characteristics of the bit were recorded in a dedicated bit sub at 200 Hz while drilling a horizontal well in the Granite Wash formation in the Texas Panhandle. The recorded variables include azimuthal-gamma, tri-axial accelerations, inclination, RPM, and temperature. Recorded data was examined, after each interval drilled, and correlated with standard MWD data (measured and recorded above the motor) as well as surface-recorded variables.

Examination of the data revealed that the bit experienced full stick-slip behavior and, instead of being decoupled from the BHA as is traditionally thought, drove the BHA into backwards rotation via the action of the mud motor's power section. It is believed that, due to the tortuosity of the wellbore and the relative hardness of the formation being drilled, the lower end of the motor periodically "caught" and hung up while rotating, such that the negative driving torque generated in the power section (during the "bit-stick" intervals) loosened the connections below the motor's power section and ultimately led to back-offs of the connections downhole.

This new high-frequency at-bit measurement tool has led to clear insights of the stick-slip behavior while drilling horizontal wells with steerable mud motors. As this new understanding contradicts traditional thinking of torsional oscillations in motor BHAs, the authors believe it is worth sharing with the industry as it can help prevent NPT related to this mechanism in the future.