bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Interaction of Methyl Orange with Some Polycations
Authors: Nandini R. , Vishalakshi B.
Published: March 2012

The interaction between an anionic dye methyl orange and three poly cations namely, poly (N‐methy‐4‐vinylpyridinium iodide) (PM4VPI), poly (vinylbenzyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride) (PVBTPPC) and poly (N‐methy‐4‐vinylpyridinium iodide) (PM2VPI) has been investigated by spectrophotometric method. The polymers were observed to induce metachromasy in the dye as evidenced from the considerable blue shift in the absorption maxima of the dye. The interaction constant and thermodynamic parameters of interaction have been determined by absorbance measurements at the metachromatic band. The effect of additives such as ionic salts, alcohols, urea and polyelectrolytes on the reversal of metachromasy has been studied and used to determine the stability of the metachromatic complex and to understand the nature of binding.
Genetic Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kovacic Sanja , Bakran Mirjana
Published: March 2012

Atherosclerosis is a complex multifocal arterial disease involving interactions of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Advances in techniques of molecular genetics have revealed that genetic ground significantly influences susceptibility to atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Besides further investigations of monogenetic diseases, candidate genes, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptibility loci associated with atherosclerotic diseases have been identified in recent years, and their number is rapidly increasing. This paper discusses main genetic investigations fields associated with human atherosclerotic vascular diseases. The paper concludes with a discussion of the directions and implications of future genetic research in arteriosclerosis with an emphasis on prospective prediction from an early age of individuals who are predisposed to develop premature atherosclerosis as well as to facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets.
Reductive Cleavage of 1,2‐Oxazines Promoted by Zinc and Ammonium Chloride; Mild One Pot Preparation of γ‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Kumar P. Sunil , Rai K. M. Lokanatha
Published: March 2012

A facile method for a mild single pot reductive cleavage of 1,2‐oxazines to γ‐hydroxy ketones was developed using zinc and aqueous ammonium chloride as the reagent in methanol. The reaction involves the reduction of N‐O bond of the oxazine and the hydrolysis of the resulting 1,4‐iminoalcohol.
Multiple Solutions for a Class of Multipoint Boundary Value Systems Driven by a One‐Dimensional (p1, …, pn)‐Laplacian Operator
Authors: Heidarkhani Shapour
Published: March 2012

Employing a recent three critical points theorem due to Bonanno and Marano (2010), the existence of at least three solutions for the following multipoint boundary value system in (0,1), , for 1 ≤ i ≤ n, is established.
Chylous Ascites and Pleural Transudate: Rare Presentations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Old Age
Authors: Chen Guan-Liang , Yang Deng-Ho , Hsu Wen-Hsiu
Published: March 2012

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with involvement of multiple organs. Various forms of serositis, including pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and ascites, may be found during the course of SLE. Peritoneal involvement by ascites is common in the initial presentation of SLE. However, chylous ascites is uncommon in SLE patients. Here, we describe a 93-year-old female with initial presentation of chylous ascites during SLE flares. Marked distention and an ovoid shape of the abdomen were observed. Shifting dullness and central tympanic sounds were found on percussion. Rales were heard in bilateral breathing sounds, multiple oral ulcers appeared in the oral cavity, and chest images showed bilateral pleural effusion. Abdominal sonography revealed moderate ascites and pleural effusion. Neither organisms nor malignant cells were revealed in the culture or cytology of ascites and pleural effusion. The diagnosis of SLE was arrived at by positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), discoid rash, oral ulcers, serositis (pleural effusion and ascites), and proteinuria. The patient received intravenous methylprednisolone 250 mg/day for three days. The pleural effusion resolved dramatically after steroid therapy and abdominal distention related to ascites formation subsided obviously.
Fatal Disruption of a Left Atrial Myxoma Associated with Trauma
Authors: Iacco Anthony , Billimoria Nazneen , Howells Greg
Published: March 2012

Cardiac myxomas are benign tumors composed of sparse stellate cells in an extensive mucoid stroma. The surface of these tumors is often friable and gelatinous. Their intracardiac location makes embolization a constant threat. We report a patient who had diffuse systemic embolization of a left atrial myxoma coincident with a low-velocity frontal motor vehicle crash.
Control of the Morphology of Molybdenum Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Naouel R. , Touati F. , Gharbi N.
Published: March 2012

Synthesis of MoO2 nanoparticles with one‐dimensional (1D) and spherical morphologies in aqueous solutions, through hydrothermal process was investigated. The materials were studied by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis (TG). It was found that the quantity of organic compound influenced the size and shape of the final product. The possible formation mechanism of MoO2 microspheres and nanowires was also discussed. The conductivity of MoO2 nanowires was explained by the presence of two protons types in the material.
Interface Molecules ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis: Their Role in Parasite Survival and Modulation of Host Defenses
Authors: Morassutti Alessandra L. , Graeff-Teixeira Carlos
Published: March 2012

Angiostrongylus cantonensisis a nematode parasite that causes eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Disease presents following the ingestion of third-stage larvae residing in the intermediate mollusk host and disease manifests as an acute inflammation of the meninges characterized by eosinophil infiltrates which release a battery of proinflammatory and cytotoxic agents in response to the pathogen. As a mechanism of neutralizing these host defenses,A. cantonensisexpresses different molecules with immunomodulatory properties that are excreted or secreted (ES). In this paper we discuss the role of ES proteins on disease exacerbation and their potential use as therapeutic targets.
Micellar Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Some Less Prescribed Benzodiazepines
Authors: Subhra Hoonka , Devasish Bose , Josep Esteve-Romero , Abhilasha Durgbanshi
Published: March 2012

A simple chromatographic procedure is reported for the determination of some less prescribed but equally important benzodiazepines (Clotiazepam, clozapine and pinazepam) in serum. The optimization studies have been made in CN, C18 and C8 columns, using mobile phase containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) modified with either propanol, butanol or pentanol. The method proposed for the determination of the three benzodiazepines using a mobile phase of 0.13 M SDS, 2.4% pentanol‐0.01 M phosphate buffer‐ 0.1% triethylamine (pH 7) at 25°C and UV detection (240 nm) in a C8 column. The serum samples was injected directly, without any pretreatment, eluted in less than 8 min, in accordance to their relative polarities, as indicated by their octanol‐water partition coefficients. The limits of detection (ng/mL) was in the 1.6 to 5.6 and 7 to 87 range, for aqueous and serum samples, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision was tested for three different concentrations of the drugs, resulting in the 0.1 to 2 range. The results obtained here for the separation of the three benzodiazepines in serum were also counter checked at Department of Bio‐analytical Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
Controversies in the Treatment of Early Stage Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Press Joshua Z. , Gotlieb Walter H.
Published: March 2012

Despite the publication of numerous studies, including some multicentered randomized controlled trials, there continues to be vigorous debate regarding the optimal management of early stage endometrial cancer, including the extent of surgery and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. Resolving these questions has become increasingly important in view of the increase of endometrial cancer, related to the aging population and the alarming incidence of obesity. Furthermore, there are more surgical challenges encountered when operating on elderly patients or on patients with increased BMI and the associated comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and pulmonary dysfunction. This paper will focus on the advantages of minimally invasive surgery, the value of lymphadenectomy including sentinel lymph node mapping, and some of the current controversies surrounding adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation.
Femoral Nerve Injury as a Complication of Percutaneous Simple Renal Cyst Sclerotherapy with Ethanol: A Case Report
Authors: Ashraf Alireza , Karami Mohammad Yasin , Amanat Aida
Published: March 2012

Simple renal cysts are benign, common, and often asymptomatic disease in old age, sometimes treated with ethanol sclerotherapy. We report a case of iatrogenic femoral nerve injury following percutaneous injection of ethanol into a renal cyst under sedation. The percutaneous injection was guided by sonography. At the end of the procedure, the cyst ruptured so the patient progressed to loss of consciousness due to alcohol intoxication. Ethanol was damaged to the femoral nerve, so patient was developed with limping, numbness, and weakness in anteromedial aspect of the right thigh. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of femoral nerve injury caused by percutaneous simple renal cyst sclerotherapy with ethanol. This rare event has not been previously described, Physicians should be aware of the possibility of this complication.
Ocular Tuberculosis with Multiple Cerebral Abscesses
Authors: Nor-Masniwati Saidin , Zunaina Embong , Azhany Yaakub
Published: March 2012

A 23-year-old Malay man presented with headache for one-month duration. It was associated with painless blurring of vision of the right eye. He had loss of appetite and reduced weight but no night sweats or hemoptysis. His visual acuity on the right eye was 6/45 and improved to 6/15 with pinhole. Right fundus examination revealed a choroidal tuberculoma located at one disc diameter away from optic disc superiorly with mild vitritis. Systemic examinations revealed no significant finding. Mantoux test reading was 22 mm with erythrocyte sedimentation rate that was 14 mm/h. Other blood investigations were negative with normal chest radiography. The computerized tomography scan of the brain revealed multiple cerebral abscesses. A clinical diagnosis of right ocular tuberculosis with multiple cerebral abscesses was made. He was treated with antituberculosis chemotherapy for one year which divided into intensive phase for three months and maintenance phase for nine months. Cerebral abscesses resolved after three months of antituberculosis drugs and at one-year follow-up, and the choroidal tuberculoma resolved completely with scar formation and significant macular striae.
Self-Organization of Motor-Propelled Cytoskeletal Filaments at Topographically Defined Borders
Authors: Månsson Alf , Bunk Richard , Sundberg Mark , Montelius Lars
Published: March 2012

Self-organization phenomena are of critical importance in living organisms and of great interest to exploit in nanotechnology. Here we describe in vitro self-organization of molecular motor-propelled actin filaments, manifested as a tendency of the filaments to accumulate in high density close to topographically defined edges on nano- and microstructured surfaces. We hypothesized that this “edge-tracing” effect either (1) results from increased motor density along the guiding edges or (2) is a direct consequence of the asymmetric constraints on stochastic changes in filament sliding direction imposed by the edges. The latter hypothesis is well captured by a model explicitly defining the constraints of motility on structured surfaces in combination with Monte-Carlo simulations [cf. Nitta et al. (2006)] of filament sliding. In support of hypothesis 2 we found that the model reproduced the edge tracing effect without the need to assume increased motor density at the edges. We then used model simulations to elucidate mechanistic details. The results are discussed in relation to nanotechnological applications and future experiments to test model predictions.
RP‐HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Determination and Stability Indicative Studies of Montelukast in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Patnaik A. , Panda S. S. , Sahoo S. , Patro V. J.
Published: March 2012

A simple, precise, accurate, economical and reproducible HPLC method for estimation of montelukast in tablet dosage form has been developed. Quantitative HPLC was performed with Shimadzu LC2010c HT with Winchrom Software with UV‐Visible detector (SPD‐IOA), PUMP (LC‐IOAT) and (LC‐IOATvp). Phenomenex C8, 5 μm, 25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d. column was used in the study. The mobile phase of ACN: Acetate buffer= 6.5:3.5 of pH 3 were used in this study. The conditions optimized were: flow rate (1 mL/minute), wavelength (222 nm) and run time was 20 min. Retention time was found to be 3.08 min. The linearity was found to be in the concentration range of 10‐100 μg/mL. The developed method was evaluated in the assay of commercially available tablet moni containing 10 mg of montelukast. The amount of drug in tablet was found to be 10.34 mg/tab for the brand. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The recovery studies 99.67% was indicative of the accuracy of proposed method. The precision was calculated as repeatability, inter and intraday variation (%RSD) for the drug. By using the method, stability of the drug has been studied.
Survival after Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture in an Elderly Woman with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated Only Medically
Authors: Roa-Castro Víctor Hugo , Molina-Bello Ervin , Valenzuela-Suárez Hector , Rotberg-Jagode Tobías , Espinola-Zavaleta Nilda
Published: March 2012

Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle is rare and may occur as a result of transmural myocardial infarction. The course of rupture after acute myocardial infarction varies from a catastrophic event, with an acute tear leading to immediate death (acute rupture), or slow and incomplete tear leading to a late rupture (subacute rupture). Incomplete rupture may occur when the thrombus and haematoma together with the pericardium seal the rupture of the left ventricle and may develop into a pseudoaneurysm. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential in this condition. Two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography is the first-choice method for most patients with suspected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (LVP) and suggests left ventricular rupture in 85% to 90% of patients. We report the case of an 87-year-old woman presenting with symptoms and findings of myocardial infarction and left ventricular free wall rupture with a pseudoaneurysm formation diagnosed by echocardiography and confirmed on CT, MRI, and NM. She received only intense medical treatment, because she refused surgery with a favorable outcome. After 24-month followup, she is in NYHA functional class II. The survival of this patient is due to the contained pseudoaneurysm by dense pericardial adhesions, related to her previous coronary bypass surgery.
Primary Burkitt Lymphoma of the Chest Wall
Authors: Lu Rommel
Published: March 2012

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) originating in the skin and soft tissue at any site is exceedingly rare. This paper is about a case of primary sporadic BL that presented as an isolated, rapidly enlarging chest wall mass arising from skin and/or soft tissue in an adult. As with other BL presentations, this patient was treated with aggressive chemotherapy with central nervous system (CNS) chemoprophylaxis, but he later died because of sepsis.
Effect of Microstructure on the Localized Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Behaviours of Plasma-Electrolytic-Oxidation-Treated AA7075 Aluminum Alloy Forging in 3.5 wt. %NaCl Solution
Authors: Venugopal A. , Panda Rajiv , Manwatkar Sushant , Sreekumar K. , Ramakrishna L. , Sundararajan G.
Published: March 2012

The influence of metallurgical heterogeneities such as coring and intermetallic phases on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking behaviours of AA7075 aluminium alloy forging was examined in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution with and without plasma electrolytic oxidation coating. Electrochemical test results demonstrated significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the alloy after PEO coating. Stress corrosion results show that the metallurgical heterogeneities resulted in a loss in elongation of the uncoated sample in NaCl (11.5%) when compared to the one tested in air (12.9%). The loss in elongation of the uncoated sample was shown to be due to localized corrosion-assisted mechanical cracking rather than true stress corrosion based on preexposure tensile tests followed by posttest metallographic observation of the stress corrosion tested samples. This was further confirmed by the fractographic examination of the failed samples, which exhibited a typical ductile cracking morphology for all the coated and uncoated specimens.
Structures of Graphene/Cobalt Interfaces in Cobalt‐Encapsulated Carbon Nanocapsules
Authors: Matsuura Daisuke , Kizuka Tokushi
Published: March 2012

Carbon nanocapsules (CNCs) encapsulating cobalt (Co) nanoparticles with a face‐centered‐cubic structure were synthesized by a gas‐evaporation method and were
observed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Co nanoparticles revealed
polyhedral shapes; they were truncated by low‐index facets. The surfaces of Co nanoparticles
were surrounded by graphene layers. The atomic configuration and interlayer spacing at the
graphene/cobalt interfaces were investigated.
Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Studies on Uptake of Rhodamine B onto ZnCl2 Activated Low Cost Carbon
Authors: Bhadusha N. , Ananthabaskaran T.
Published: March 2012

A carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from biomass waste like wood apple outer shell (Limonia acidissima) by ZnCl2 treatment was investigated for its efficiency in removing Rhodamine B (RDB). Influence of agitation time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration, pH and temperature were explored. Two theoretical adsorption isotherms namely Langmuir and Freundlich were used to describe the experimental results. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Qo) was found to be 46.7 mg/g and the equilibrium parameter (RL) values indicate favourable adsorption. The experimental data were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo second order kinetic model. Desorption studies showed that ion exchange mechanism might be involved in the adsorption process.
Synthesis and Low Temperature Crystal Structure of Disodium Tetrapotasium Decavanadate
Authors: Mohammadi M. R. , Hakimi M.
Published: March 2012

A decavanadate K4Na2V10O28.10H2O has been prepared and chractrisized by, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Single crystal x‐ray analysis has been carried out on H20K4Na2O38V10 which crystallizes in the triclinic. System, space group P‐1, with a=8.5584(5) Å, b=10.3041(6), c=10.9801(7) and Z=1. Structural units (V10O286-) link by the interstitial contents ([K4Na2(H2O)20]6+).
Myocardial Infarction in a Young Female with Palindromic Rheumatism: A Consequence of Negative Remodeling
Authors: Larsen Timothy R. , Amruthlal Jain Sachin Kumar , Zarghami Jamal , David Shukri
Published: March 2012

Palindromic rheumatism is a rare disease associated with systemic inflammation. Negative or constrictive coronary artery remodeling is typically not seen until the 7th or 8th decade of life. We report a case of a young female with palindromic rheumatism who suffered a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction secondary to a flow-limiting lesion that demonstrated negative remodeling by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Ulrickson Matthew , Press Oliver W. , Casper Corey
Published: March 2012

Lymphoma was a common complication of HIV infection in the pre-antiretroviral era, and the incidence of HIV-associated lymphoma has dropped dramatically since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in resource-rich regions. Conversely, lymphoma is an increasingly common complication of HIV infection in resource-limited settings where the prevalence of HIV infection is high. Relatively little is known, however, about the true incidence and optimal treatment regimens for HIV-associated lymphoma in resource-poor regions. We review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma in developing nations and highlight areas for further research that may benefit care in both settings. Examples include risk modification and dose modification of chemotherapy based on HIV risk factors, improving our understanding of the current burden of disease through national cancer registries, and developing cost-effective hematopathological diagnostic strategies to optimize care delivery and maximize use of available chemotherapy.
Challenges in Providing Treatment and Care for Viral Hepatitis among Individuals Co-Infected with HIV in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Maek-a-Nantawat Wirach , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Ohata Pirapon June
Published: March 2012

Hepatitis B and C infections are prevalent among HIV-infected individuals with different epidemiologic profiles, modes of transmission, natural histories, and treatments. Southeast Asian countries are classified as “highly prevalent zones,” with a rate of hepatitis B and C coinfection in people living with HIV/AIDS of approximately 3.2–11%. Majority of hepatitis B coinfection is of genotype C. Most of the patients infected with hepatitis C in Thailand have genotype 3 which is significantly related to intravenous drug use whereas, in Vietnam, it is genotype 6. The options for antiretroviral drugs are limited and rely on global funds and research facilities. Only HBV treatment is available for free through the national health scheme. Screening tests for HBV and HCV prior to commencing antiretroviral treatment are low. Insufficient concern on hepatitis-virus-related liver malignancy and long-term hepatic morbidities is noted. Cost-effective HCV treatment can be incorporated into the national health program for those who need it by utilizing data obtained from clinical research studies. For example, patients infected with HCV genotype 2/3 with a certain IL-28B polymorphism can be treated with a shorter course of interferon and ribavirin which can also help reduce costs.
Antibacterial Activity of Macrocyclic Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) and VO(II) Derived from o‐Aminobenzaldehyde
Authors: Anuradha K. , Rajavel R.
Published: March 2012

Novel Cu(II),Ni(II) and VO(II) complexes are synthesized with N1,N4‐bis(2‐aminobenzylidene)benzene‐1,4‐diamine (L). Complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV and EPR. Spectral studies reveals a square planner geomentry for Cu(II), Ni(II) complexes and square pyramidal for VO(II) complex. The ligand and its complexes were also evaluated against the growth of gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria.
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis Probably Induced by Rosuvastatin Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Chintanaboina JayaKrishna , Gopavaram Deepa
Published: March 2012

Context. Approximately 1.4–2% of all cases of acute pancreatitis are drug related in general population. The literature on statin-induced pancreatitis consists primarily of anecdotal case reports. We report a case of possible rosuvastatin-induced pancreatitis.Case Report. A 67-year-old female presented with progressively worsening abdominal pain and vomiting for 7 days. Home medications included rosuvastatin and clonidine. CT scan of abdomen, with intravenous contrast, showed findings consistent with acute pancreatitis. She responded to conservative management. Rosuvastatin was resumed at the time of discharge from the hospital, and she presented two months later with recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Further workup ruled out all likely causes of acute pancreatitis. Rosuvastatin was stopped completely when she was discharged the second time, and she did not have any further episodes of acute pancreatitis. She was completely asymptomatic throughout the 18-month follow-up period.Conclusion. This paper reinforces the possible association of rosuvastatin, a novel statin, with acute pancreatitis, even though the exact underlying mechanism of statin-induced pancreatitis remains unknown.
Effects of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition on Systemic and Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Ventricular Function in Patients With Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Lindman Brian R. , Zajarias Alan , Madrazo José A. , Shah Jay , Gage Brian F. , Novak Eric , Johnson Stephanie N. , Chakinala Murali M. , Hohn Tara A. , Saghir Mohammed , Mann Douglas L.
Published: March 2012

Background—

Pressure overload resulting from aortic stenosis causes maladaptive ventricular and vascular remodeling that can lead to pulmonary hypertension, heart failure symptoms, and adverse outcomes. Retarding or reversing this maladaptive remodeling and its unfavorable hemodynamic consequences has the potential to improve morbidity and mortality. Preclinical models of pressure overload have shown that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition is beneficial; however, the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in patients with aortic stenosis is controversial because of concerns about vasodilation and hypotension.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated the safety and hemodynamic response of 20 subjects with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (mean aortic valve area, 0.7±0.2 cm
2
; ejection fraction, 60±14%) who received a single oral dose of sildenafil (40 or 80 mg). Compared with baseline, after 60 minutes, sildenafil reduced systemic (−12%;
P
<0.001) and pulmonary (−29%;
P
=0.002) vascular resistance, mean pulmonary artery (−25%;
P
<0.001) and wedge (−17%;
P
<0.001) pressures, and increased systemic (13%;
P
<0.001) and pulmonary (45%;
P
<0.001) vascular compliance and stroke volume index (8%;
P
=0.01). These changes were not dose dependent. Sildenafil caused a modest decrease in mean systemic arterial pressure (−11%;
P
<0.001) but was well tolerated with no episodes of symptomatic hypotension.

Conclusions—

This study shows for the first time that a single dose of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor is safe and well tolerated in patients with severe aortic stenosis and is associated with improvements in pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics resulting in biventricular unloading. These findings support the need for longer-term studies to evaluate the role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition as adjunctive medical therapy in patients with aortic stenosis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01060020.
Metabolomics, Proteomics, Genomics, and Transcriptomics in
Circulation
and the
Circulation
Subspecialty Journals
Authors:   The Editors
Published: March 2012

The following articles are being highlighted as part of
Circulation's
Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in
Circulation
and the
Circulation
subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the articles related to metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics that were published in
Circulation
and the
Circulation
subspecialty journals in 2010, 2011, and early 2012.
In vitro nematicidal activity of a terrestrial cyanobacterium, Synechococcus nidulans, towards plant-parasitic nematodes
Authors: Holajjer Prasanna , Kamra Anju , Gaur Hari S. , Dhar Dolly Wattal
Published: March 2012

The nematicidal activity of a terrestrial cyanobacterium, Synechococcus nidulans, was investigated. Extracts of S. nidulans cultures collected at weekly intervals for 5 weeks were sonicated and tested against second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. Extracts of 2-week-old cultures caused the maximum immobility (94.2%) and mortality (29.3%) of J2, compared with controls (medium and water). This extract was tested in vitro against infective stages and hatch of M. graminicola, Heterodera cajani, H. avenae and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Extracts of sonicated S. nidulans caused a mean immobility in the range of 91.3-98.4% in infective stages of the nematodes, with no significant difference with an increase in exposure time from 24 to 72 h. The greatest mean percentage mortality was observed in M. graminicola (31.5%) followed by M. incognita (29.3%), H. avenae (20.9%), and R. reniformis and H. cajani (both 17.4%) with a significant increase with the period of exposure from 24 to 72 h. No significant differences in mortality were observed between M. graminicola and M. incognita and between H. avenae and H. cajani. The percentage hatch inhibition over control (water) was greatest in M. incognita (94.2%), followed by H. avenae (91.6%), H. cajani (72.3%) and M. graminicola (70.6%), and least in R. reniformis (58.6%).
Anacroneuria spp. (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae) as paratenic hosts of Pheromermis sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in Venezuela
Authors: Gamboa Maribet , Castillo Maria Mercedes , Guerrero Ricardo
Published: March 2012

Nematodes of the family Mermithidae are known as endoparasites of freshwater arthropods. Juveniles of Pheromermis sp. (Mermithidae) were found coiled inside stonefly nymphs collected at seven sites in the Guare and Emilia rivers in northern Venezuela. Prevalence in Anacroneuria blanca was 93.2% () and in A. caraca was 91.5% (). In A. blanca, a higher number of juveniles per individual host was observed than in A. caraca, a fact that is probably related to body size. Although parasites were observed in all body regions, the highest incidence occurred in the legs and thorax. Considering the nematode prevalence and intensity of parasitism, we consider individuals of Anacroneuria spp. to be important hosts of Pheromermis in these rivers.
“incredibilis fama”: Some Remnants of Time in Virgilian Epic
Authors: Costa Dennis
Published: March 2012

Abstract

This paper reads out two very well-known moments in Books 3 and 1 of Virgil’s epic poem in order to address a Virgilian tactic, a poetic strategy, that has not been fully requited in the criticism. These are moments in which the poet chooses to foreground absurd, excessive, epiphenomenal and short-lived things that time seems to bring about. Aeneas, Virgil’s unlikely hero, struggles as much with such moments as he does with all the sworn enemies of the Trojans. He struggles especially with the temptation toward a poignant, nostalgic fixation on his tragic past. He is told that he must become devoted religiously to the greatest of Troy’s enemies, the goddess Juno. It is inside a Carthaginian temple dedicated to Juno that the hero experiences the ‘newness’ that a great work of art is always able to proffer. But Virgil knows that Carthage and Juno’s temple and the works of art themselves will all become follies of time, left in ruins by theromanitasthat Aeneas has just been encouraged to prepare.
A molecular phylogeny of the eastern group of ocellated lizard genus Timon (Sauria: Lacertidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Faraham , Carretero Miguel Angel , Harris D. James , Perera Ana , Böhme Wolfgang
Published: March 2012

Timon, a small genus of lacertid lizards, includes four species distributed in two separate ranges in the western and eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin. Phylogenetic relationships between the two groups have not been resolved, and the taxonomic situation of the two subspecies of the eastern representative of the genus, Timon princeps, is not clear. To address these questions, partial DNA sequences of two nuclear (β-fibrinogen intron 7 and C-mos) and three mitochondrial (cytochrome b, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) genes were analyzed. Based on the high genetic distance between the two subspecies of T. princeps we promote their taxonomic status to full species, Timon princeps and Timon kurdistanicus. Divergence time estimates based on other lacertid species suggest that the separation of the green (Lacerta) and ocellated (Timon) lizards took place around 12 My ago, and that the Eastern group underwent speciation around 4-5 my ago, perhaps associated with the uplifting of the Zagros mountains. As expected given this ancient divergence and complex paleogeography, considerable levels of genetic diversity are recovered within both taxa, with geographically close individuals showing very divergent haplotypes.
Trophic niche overlap in two syntopic colubrid snakes (Hierophis viridiflavus and Zamenis longissimus) with contrasted lifestyles
Authors: Lelièvre Hervé , Legagneux Pierre , Blouin-Demers Gabriel , Bonnet Xavier , Lourdais Olivier
Published: March 2012

In many organisms, including snakes, trophic niche partitioning is an important mechanism promoting species coexistence. In ectotherms, feeding strategies are also influenced by lifestyle and thermoregulatory requirements: active foragers tend to maintain high body temperatures, expend more energy, and thus necessitate higher energy income. We studied diet composition and trophic niche overlap in two south European snakes (Hierophis viridiflavus and Zamenis longissimus) in the northern part of their range. The two species exhibit contrasted thermal adaptations, one being highly mobile and thermophilic (H. viridiflavus) and the other being elusive with low thermal needs (Z. longissimus). We analyzed feeding rate (proportion of snakes with indication of a recent meal) and examined more than 300 food items (fecal pellets and stomach contents) in 147 Z. longissimus and 167 H. viridiflavus. There was noticeable overlap in diet (overlap of Z. longissimus on H. viridiflavus = 0.62; overlap of H. viridiflavus on Z. longissimus = 0.80), but the similarity analyses showed some divergence in diet composition. Dietary spectrum was wider in H. viridiflavus, which fed on various mammals, birds, reptiles, and arthropods whereas Z. longissimus was more specialized on mammals and birds. The more generalist nature of H. viridiflavus was consistent with its higher energy requirements. In contrast to our expectation, feeding rate was apparently higher in Z. longissimus than in H. viridiflavus, but this could be an artifact of a longer transit time in Z. longissimus, given its lower mean body temperature. These results allow a better understanding of the ability to coexist in snakes belonging to temperate climate colubrid communities.
Survival probability of a population of Madagascar spider tortoises (Pyxis arachnoides)
Authors: Walker Ryan , Luiselli Luca , Rafeliarisoa Tsilavo
Published: March 2012

The spider tortoise (Pyxis arachnoides) is endemic to the coastal, dry forests of southwest Madagascar, one of the country’s most threatened habitats. Very little is known of the biology of this Critically Endangered species. We devised a three year capture-mark-recapture study to assess mean annual survival for the following cohorts; juvenile, adult male, adult female and adult of both sexes, for a population of spider tortoises using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. Low recapture probabilities prevented the modelling of all but the adult of both sexes cohort. Mean annual survival was 0.823 (; ). We hypothesise that habitat loss could be impacting the survival of this cohort; however establishing control data to test for this is difficult because of the widespread habitat loss, even within protected areas. Therefore we suggest extending the study across a number of gradients of impacted habitat and increase the duration of the study to assess this risk to the population and improve model robustness.
Comparative phylogeography of two co-distributed species of lizards of the genus Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Southern Chile
Authors: Vidal Marcela A. , Ortiz Juan Carlos , Marín Juan Carlos , Poulin Elie , Moreno Patricio I.
Published: March 2012

Comparative phylogeography describes the patterns of evolutionary divergence and whether or not they are congruent, in co-distributed populations of different taxa. If the populations of these taxa have been co-distributed for a prolonged time, and if the times between processes of perturbation or vicariance have been more or less stable, it is expected that patterns of divergence will be congruent in closely related species, for example because of similar biological and demographic characteristics.Liolaemus pictusandL. cyanogasterare widely co-distributed lizard species in southern Chile, occurring in a region with a complex topology. We analyzed the phylogeographic structure of the two lizard species usingCytochromebDNA sequences to estimate their genetic structure in response to historical events. Our results suggest an evolutionary pattern of genetic diversity for each species that is consistent with the geomorphological history of the region, suggesting a complex phylogeographic history inLiolaemusspecies. Also, the high levels of divergence among haplotypes in several populations suggest the possibility that their origin might predate the middle Pleistocene in both species. Finally, our results are consistent with our hypothesis that two species have responded to historical events in parallel, where historical process have been sufficient to influence their phylogeographical structure (0.80 congruency between topologies).
Mating system and population analysis of the broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) using microsatellite markers
Authors: Amavet Patricia Susana , Vilardi Juan César , Rueda Eva Carolina , Larriera Alejandro , Saidman Beatriz Ofelia
Published: March 2012

The knowledge about reproductive strategies of a species contributes to their conservation. Multiple paternity is a reproductive behavior increasing effective population size, which could increase genetic diversity particularly in populations submitted to bottlenecks events. In Argentina, wild populations ofCaiman latirostrisare subject of a management plan devoted to their preservation and sustainable utilization based on its commercial interest. This program started in response to the evident numeric reduction of the populations, as a consequence of hunting pressure and habitat modification; it had a remarkable success in population recovery allowing the commercial use ofC. latirostris. Data on reproductive behavior ofC. latirostrisare limited because mating occurs in the water and the information about their genetic diversity is scarce too. Our specific aims were to study the mating system and population genetic structure applying microsatellite markers in twelveC. latirostrisfamilies. The obtained results showed highly significant difference among populations and a lack of correspondence between geographical distance and genetic differentiation suggesting that populations ofC. latirostrisrepresent unstable metapopulations. In the paternity analysis was detected more than one father in two nests, which could be explained by capacity of storage sperm, proposed in females of a related species. The behavior of multipaternity could contribute to maintain viable populations ofC. latirostris, since the maintenance of genetic variability within populations could help increase their capacity to respond to selective pressure. Further studies employing genetic and behavioral framework are needed to better understand the reproductive biology ofC. latirostris.
Interactive effects of roads and weather on juvenile amphibian movements
Authors: Gravel Mireille , Mazerolle Marc J. , Villard Marc-André
Published: March 2012

We investigated whether paved roads adjacent to 16 ponds acted as barriers to movements of juvenile wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), green frogs (Lithobates clamitans), mole salamanders (Ambystoma laterale,A. maculatum), and American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) in eastern New Brunswick, Canada. Using pitfall traps and drift fences, we recorded captures of juveniles dispersing away from their natal ponds into forest habitat (pondside fences) or across the road (roadside fences) over two field seasons. To explain variations in abundance of dispersers among sites, we measured several road-associated variables including traffic intensity and roadside habitat structure, pond quality, and weather variables. We estimated the activity patterns (across 4-day periods) and seasonal abundance of juveniles in transit between ponds and terrestrial habitat using generalized linear mixed models. For all groups, activity across 4-day periods increased with either total precipitation or minimum air temperature. However, road-associated variables were also important for some species. Mole salamander activity was lowest next to roads. Wood frog activity increased with minimum air temperature, but the effect was weakest at roadside fences (minimum air temperature × fence position interaction). Seasonal abundance of most groups varied with habitat structure or pond hydroperiod. Green frog abundance decreased with increasing traffic intensity, but abundance was higher at roadside fences than pondside fences. In contrast, wood frog seasonal abundance tended to be lowest at roadside fences. We conclude that road-associated disturbances are detectable at fine temporal scales and that amphibian responses to such variables can be influenced by weather variables.
Phylogenetic position of Pelusios williamsi and a critique of current GenBank procedures (Reptilia: Testudines: Pelomedusidae)
Authors: Fritz Uwe , Vargas-Ramírez Mario , Široký Pavel
Published: March 2012

We re-examine the phylogenetic position ofPelusios williamsiby merging new sequences with an earlier published data set of allPelusiosspecies, except the possibly extinctP. seychellensis, and the nine previously identified lineages of the closely allied genusPelomedusa(2054 bp mtDNA, 2025 bp nDNA). Furthermore, we include new sequences ofPelusios broadleyi,P. castanoides,P. gabonensisandP. marani. Individual and combined analyses of the mitochondrial and nuclear data sets indicate thatP. williamsiis sister toP. castanoides, as predicted by morphology. This provides evidence for the misidentification of GenBank sequences allegedly representingP. williamsi. Such mislabelled GenBank sequences contribute to continued confusion, because only the original submitter can revise their identification; an impractical procedure impeding the rectification of obvious mistakes. We recommend implementing another option for revising taxonomic identifications, paralleling the century-old best practice of natural history museums for new determinations of specimens. WithinP. broadleyi,P. gabonensisandP. marani, there is only shallow genetic divergence, while some phylogeographic structuring is present in the wide-ranging speciesP. castaneusandP. castanoides.
Meloidogyne enterolobii (= M. mayaguensis): profile of an emerging, highly pathogenic, root-knot nematode species
Authors: Castagnone-Sereno Philippe
Published: March 2012

Meloidogyne enterolobii (= M. mayaguensis), the root-knot nematode of the pacara earpod tree, belongs to the group of tropical root-knot nematodes and is considered as one of the most damaging species, due to its wide host range, pathogenicity and ability to develop and reproduce on several crops carrying resistance genes. Moreover, recent reports indicate that the geographic distribution of the parasite tends to extend beyond tropical areas, and the risk of its establishment and spread in Mediterranean regions and southern Europe is now highly probable. Recently, molecular markers have been developed that allow the specific identification of this pest, a prerequisite for the implementation of efficient control strategies. In that respect, plant resistance and biological control are currently being actively investigated but a huge amount of research and development is still required to ensure the successful use of such methods in the field.
Regional Ombudsmen, Human Rights and Women – Gender Aspects of the Social and Legal Transformation in North-West Russia (Based on Ombudsman Reports)
Authors: Gradskova Yulia
Published: March 2012

In the center of the article is the new regional ombudsman institution in Russia and its activities vis-à-vis the protection of women’s rights. The article seeks to analyze how complaints filed by women are presented and how the status of women’s rights within the context of human rights is described in the ombudsmen’s annual reports. The analysis of the reports proves ambiguities of interpretations of human rights; it also shows that many of those filing complaints do it because of the violations of social and civil rights, and that the majority of those experiencing discrimination are women. However, in most of the cases the ombudspersons do not pay attention to the gender-specific dimensions of the discrimination nor have they identified this as an important problem in contemporary Russian society. This situation is connected with the absence of a legal or political mechanism for gender equality in Russia as well as a displacement of women’s rights issues in favor of a focus on family issues and demography in the Russian public discourse of the late 2000s.
Рабочие Советского Дальнего Востока в Начале 1920-х гг.: Материальное Положение и Политические Настроения
Authors: Кулинич Наталья Г.
Published: March 2012

Natalia G. Kulinich

The Far East Soviet Laborers in the Early 1920s: Social Status and Political Aspirations

This article, based on exclusive archives and the results of current research by leading Russian historians, examines the state of the Far East labor class post Civil War and military intervention. We pay special attention to the causes of complex political, economic, and social status of the Far Eastern region. We conclude that acute economic hardship of the Far Eastern workers, combined with the rise of political tension, compelled the Soviet leadership to promote a an accelerated economic development policy for the region.
An Axisymmetric View of Concentric Eyewall Evolution in Hurricane Rita (2005)
Authors: Bell Michael M. , Montgomery Michael T. , Lee Wen-Chau
Published: March 2012

Multiplatform observations of Hurricane Rita (2005) were collected as part of the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX) field campaign during a concentric eyewall stage of the storm’s life cycle that occurred during 21–22 September. Satellite, aircraft, dropwindsonde, and Doppler radar data are used here to examine the symmetric evolution of the hurricane as it underwent eyewall replacement.

During the approximately 1-day observation period, developing convection associated with the secondary eyewall became more symmetric and contracted inward. Latent heating in the emergent secondary eyewall led to the development of a distinct toroidal (overturning) circulation with inertially constrained radial inflow above the boundary layer and compensating subsidence in the moat region, properties that are consistent broadly with the balanced vortex response to an imposed ring of diabatic heating outside the primary eyewall. The primary eyewall’s convection became more asymmetric during the observation period, but the primary eyewall was still the dominant swirling wind and vorticity structure throughout the period.

The observed structure and evolution of Rita’s secondary eyewall suggest that spinup of the tangential winds occurred both within and above the boundary layer, and that both balanced and unbalanced dynamical processes played an important role. Although Rita’s core intensity decreased during the observation period, the observations indicate a 125% increase in areal extent of hurricane-force winds and a 19% increase in integrated kinetic energy resulting from the eyewall replacement.