bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinks for Plant Surplus Carbon Explain Several Ecological Phenomena
Authors: Prescott Cindy E.
Published: January 2022

Plants engage in many processes and relationships that appear to be wasteful of the high-energy compounds that they produce through carbon fixation and photosynthesis. For example, living trees keep leafless tree stumps alive (i.e. respiring) and support shaded understory trees by sharing carbohydrates through root grafts or mycorrhizal fungal networks. Plants exude a variety of organic compounds from their roots and leaves, which support abundant rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiomes. Some plants release substantial amounts of sugar via extra-floral nectaries, which enrich throughfall and alter lichen communities beneath the canopy. Large amounts of photosynthetically fixed carbon are transferred to root associates such as mycorrhizal fungi and N-fixing micro-organisms. In roots, some fixed C is respired through an alternative non-phosphorylating pathway that oxidizes excess sugar. Each of these processes is most prevalent when plants are growing under mild-to-moderate deficiencies or nutrients or water, or under high light or elevated atmospheric CO2. Under these conditions, plants produce more fixed carbon than they can use for primary metabolism and growth, and so have ‘surplus carbon’. To prevent cellular damage, these compounds must be transformed into other compounds or removed from the leaf. Each of the above phenomena represents a potential sink for these surplus carbohydrates. The fundamental ‘purpose’ of these phenomena may therefore be to alleviate the plant of surplus fixed C.
First Report on Co-isolation and Whole-genomic Characterization of Mammalian Orthorubulavirus 5 and Mammalian Orthoreovirus Type-3 From Domestic Pigs in India
Authors: Singh Fateh , Rajukumar Katherukamem , Senthilkumar Dhanapal , Venkatesh Govindarajulu , Srivast Deepali , Kombiah Subbiah , Jhade Sandeep Kumar , Singh Vijendra Pal
Published: January 2022

During a surveillance study to monitor porcine epidemic diarrohoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus in India, a total of 1043 swine samples including faeces (n=264) and clotted blood (n=779) were collected and tested. Five samples (four faecal and one serum) showed cytopathic effects in Vero cells. Transmission electron microscopy of infective cell supernatant revealed the presence of two types of virions. Next generation sequencing (de novo) enabled complete genome assembly of Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5 (MRuV5; 15246 bp) and all 10 gene segments of Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV; 22219 bp and 20512 bp). Genetic analysis of the MRuV5 revealed grouping of the Indian MRuV5 with those isolated from various mammalian species in South Korea and China, sharing more than 99% nucleotide identity. Deduced amino acid sequences of the HN, NP and F genes of MRuV5 isolates showed three (92L, 111R, 447H), two (86S, 121S) and two (139T, 246T) amino acid substitutions, respectively, compared to previously reported virus strains. The Indian MRV isolates were identified as MRV type-3 based on genetic analysis of S1 gene, showing the highest nucleotide identity (97.73%) with the MRV3 strain ZJ2013 isolated from pigs in China. Deduced amino acid sequences of MRV3 S1 gene revealed amino acid residues 198-204NLAIRLP, 249I, 340D, 419E known for sialic acid binding and neurotropism. We report the co-isolation and whole-genomic characterization of MRuV5 and MRV3 recorded incidentally for the first time from domestic pigs in India. It attracts attention to perform detailed surveillance studies and continuous monitoring of evolution and spread of emerging viruses, which may have pathogenic potential in animal and human hosts.
Multi-parametric PET/MRI With FDG and RGD for Enhanced Tumor Characterization of Patients With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ahangari Sahar , Andersen Flemming Littrup , Hansen Naja Liv , Nøttrup Trine Jakobi , Berthelsen Anne Kiil , Kallehauge Jesper Folsted , Vogelius Ivan Richter , Kjaer Andreas , Hansen Adam Espe , Fischer Barbara Malene
Published: January 2022

Aim: ﻿The concept of personalized medicine has brought increased awareness to the importance of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to explore simultaneous multi-parametric PET/MRI prior to chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer for characterization of tumors and tumor heterogeneity. Methods: Ten patients with histologically proven primary cervical cancer were examined with multi-parametric 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2-PET/MRI for radiation treatment planning after diagnostic 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Standardized uptake values (SUV) of RGD and FDG, diffusion weighted MRI and the derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and pharmacokinetic maps obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with the Tofts model (iAUC60, Ktrans, ve, and kep) were included in the analysis. The spatial relation between functional imaging parameters in tumors was examined by a correlation analysis and joint histograms at the voxel level. The ability of multi-parametric imaging to identify tumor tissue classes was explored using an unsupervised 3D Gaussian mixture model-based cluster analysis.Results: Functional MRI and PET of cervical cancers appeared heterogeneous both between patients and spatially within the tumors, and the relations between parameters varied strongly within the patient cohort. The strongest spatial correlation was observed between FDG uptake and ADC (median r=-0.7). There was moderate voxel-wise correlation between RGD and FDG uptake, and weak correlations between all other modalities. Distinct relations between the ADC and RGD uptake as well as the ADC and FDG uptake were apparent in joint histograms. A cluster analysis using the combination of ADC, FDG and RGD uptake suggested tissue classes which could potentially relate to tumor sub-volumes. Conclusion: A multi-parametric PET/MRI examination of patients with cervical cancer integrated with treatment planning and including estimation of angiogenesis and glucose metabolism as well as MRI diffusion and perfusion parameters is feasible. A combined analysis of functional imaging parameters indicates a potential of multi-parametric PET/MRI to contribute to a better characterization of tumor heterogeneity than the modalities alone. However, the study is based on small patient numbers and further studies are needed prior to the future design of individually adapted treatment approaches based on multi-parametric functional imaging.
Plasma Insulin/Erythrocytic Aldose Reductase Ratio as a Predictor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Type II Diabetics and Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Nabil , Sherif MH , Abdelhamid Moustafa , Samahy Asmaa Al
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a possible oncogenic progression during persistent hepatitis C-infection +/- type II diabetes mellitus (DM). To investigate the plasma insulin, erythrocytic aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) as possible predictive tools for HCC in hepatitis C-infected patients (HCV) +/- DM. Erythrocytes (RBCs) were adopted as a possible vehicle for pre-malignant variations being of short life span.
Methods
The study included 20 healthy control and 100 patients of 48–64 years old, divided into 5 equal groups as; type II DM, HCC, HCC with DM, DM- HCV infected and non-DM HCV infected. Plasma levels of AFP and insulin were measured.
Results
It showed an elevated AR, significant reduction of SDH in RBCs and plasma of DM patients. These values were greatly elevated among HCV, HCC, diabetic HCV, and diabetic HCC patients. All DM patients showed elevated insulin levels than normoglycemic controls.
Conclusion
The study substantiated the use of RBCs as a vehicle for early diagnostic markers better than plasma. We recommend the use of insulin/ erythrocytic AR ratio as a new laboratory marker for predicting HCC among type II diabetics or non-treated HCV-infected patients with control insulin/ erythrocytic AR ratio by each laboratory.
Virological Outcomes and Risk Factors for Non-suppression for Routine and Repeat Viral Load Testing After Enhanced Adherence Counselling During Viral Load Testing Scale-up in Zimbabwe: Analytic Cross-sectional Study Using Laboratory Data From 2014 to 2018.
Authors: Mhlanga Trudy Tholakele , Jacobs Bart K.M , Decroo Tom , Govere Emma , Bara Hilda , Chonzi Prosper , Sithole Ngwarai , Apollo Tsitsi , Damme Wim Van , Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Lynen Lutgarde , Makurumidze Richard
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSince the scale-up of routine viral load (VL) testing started in 2016, there is limited evidence on VL suppression rates under programmatic settings and groups at risk of non-suppression. We conducted a study to estimate VL non-suppression (> 1000 copies/ml) and its risk factors using "routine" and "repeat after enhanced adherence counselling" VL results.MethodsWe conducted an analytic cross-sectional study using secondary VL testing data collected between 2014 and 2018 from a centrally located laboratory. We analysed data from routine tests and repeat tests after an individual received enhanced adherence counselling. Our outcome was viral load non-suppression. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with having VL non-suppression for routine and repeat VL.ResultsWe analysed 103 609 VL test results (101 725 routine and 1884 repeat tests results) collected from the country's ten provinces. Of the 101 725 routine and 1884 repeat VL tests, 13.8% and 52.9% were non-suppressed, respectively. Only one in seven (1:7) of the non-suppressed routine VL tests had a repeat test after EAC. For routine VL tests; males (vs females, adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.19, [95% CI:1.14-1.24]) and adolescents (vs adults, aOR=3.11, [95%CI:2.9-3.31]) were more at risk of VL non-suppression. The patients who received care at the secondary level (vs primary, aOR=1.21, [95%CI:1.17-1.26]) and tertiary level (vs primary, aOR=1.63, [95%CI:1.44-1.85]) had a higher risk of VL non-suppression compared to the primary level. Those that started ART in 2014-2015 (vs <2010, aOR=0.83, [95%CI:0.79-0.88]) and from 2016 onwards (vs <2010, aOR=0.84, [95%CI:0.79-0.89]) had a lower risk of VL non-suppression. For repeat VL tests; young adults (vs adults, (aOR)=3.48, [95% CI 2.16 -5.83]), adolescents (vs adults, aOR=2.76, [95% CI:2.11-3.72]) and children (vs adults, aOR=1.51, [95%CI:1.03-2.22]) were at risk of VL non-suppression.ConclusionClose to 90% suppression in routine VL shows that Zimbabwe is on track to reach the third UNAIDS target. Strategies to improve the identification of clients with high routine VL results for repeating testing after EAC and ART adherence in subpopulations (men, adolescents and young adolescents) at risk of viral non-suppression should be prioritised.
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Jet Engine Using a Liquid Propellant
Authors: Alliche Mounir , Rebhi Redha , Inc Mustafa , Kidar Ali , Younes Menni , Ameur Houari , Lorenzini Giulio , Alsharif Sameer , Althobaiti Ahmed , Aly Ayman A.
Published: January 2022

Combustion-chamber is a critical component of the propulsion engine, which is widelyused in the space industry and aeronautics. The goal of this article is to perform a numericalanalysis on the combustion process using a liquid-type propellant. The steps that must be followeduntil total combustion is achieved are emphasized. It concerns the fuel feeding phase, its injectionand the combustion operation. The amount of combustion products and the energy generated areevaluated. It has been shown that the liquid propellant may present an efficient alternative fuelthan the kerosene. In addition, the temperature of combustion does not exceed a certain limit toavoid structural problems in the chamber. The parametric survey allowed determining the range ofthe most influence factors, including the pressure, mixture richness, velocity and flow rates ofinjection for the fuel and oxidizer. The number and type of injectors revealed a considerableinfluence on the velocity and flow rates of injection. To maximize thrust force and systempropulsion, a careful selection of chamber material and ignition methods is required. A thorough inspection on the issues of walls cooling showed the necessary survey of maximum temperaturesthat may be reached during the combustion. Finally, an investigation of the thermal exchangethrough the walls will be very interesting.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Promoter of Porcine ARHGAP24 Gene Regulates Aggressive Behavior of Weaned Pigs After Mixing by Affecting the Binding of Transcription Factor P53
Authors: Xu Qinglei , Guo Yanli , Zhao Jing , Liu Mingzheng , Schinckel Allan P. , Zhou Bo
Published: January 2022

Background: Weaned pigs often have more aggressive behavior after mixing, which has negative effects on animal welfare and growth performance. Identification of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to aggressive behavior of pigs would provide valuable molecular markers of aggressive behavioral trait for genetic improvement program. Rho GTPase Activating Protein 24 (ARHGAP24) gene plays an important role in regulating the process of axon guidance, which may impact aggressive behavior of pigs. Results: By re-sequencing the entire coding region, partially adjacent introns and the 5’ and 3’ flanking regions, 6 and 4 SNPs were identified in the 5’ flanking region and 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of porcine ARHGAP24 gene, respectively. Association analyses revealed that 9 SNPs were significantly associated with aggressive behavioral traits (P = < 1.00 × 10−4 - 4.51 × 10−2), and their haplotypes were significantly associated with aggressive behavior (P = < 1.00 × 10−4 - 2.99 × 10−2). The core promoter region of ARHGAP24 gene was identified between -670 bp and -1113 bp. Furthermore, the luciferase activity of allele A of rs335052970 was significantly less than that of allele G, suggesting the transcriptional activity of ARHGAP24 gene was inhibited by allele A of rs335052970. It was identified that the transcription factor p53 bound to the transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) containing allele A of rs335052970. In porcine primary neural cells, p53 bind to the target promoter region of ARHGAP24 gene, reduce its promoter transcriptional activity, and then reduce its messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression through axon guidance pathway.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that ARHGAP24 gene had significant genetic effects on aggressive behavioral traits of pigs. Therefore, rs335052970 in ARHGAP24 gene can be used as a molecular marker to select less aggressive pigs and improve animal welfare.
Hypoxia-inducible Factor Expression Is Related to Apoptosis and Cartilage Degradation in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Jun , Hu Yu , Wang Zihan , Wu Xuelian , Yang Chun , Yang Hefeng
Published: January 2022

Background: It remains unclear whether hypoxic conditions affect apoptosis and contribute to degradation of cartilaginous tissues in osteoarthritis (OA) lesions. In this study, we hypothesized that hypoxic conditions induced the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and activated apoptosis to contribute to OA cartilage degeneration in vivo.Methods: Malocclusion stress was applied for 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks to induce an OA-like lesion animal model (OD) in rats. Histological analysis was performed by H&E staining and safranin O/fast green staining. The expression levels of protein in condylar cartilage were examined by immunostaining to evaluate cartilage degeneration.Results: We found apparent histological phenotypes associated with degeneration in the occlusion disorder stress (OD) group. The OD group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks had obviously reduced expression of Acan and Col II in cartilage. In contrast, the OD groups had higher levels of Col X, ADAMTS5 and MMP13 in the condylar cartilage than the control group. Moreover, the OD group cartilage had prominent degenerative changes with reduced levels of HIF1α and increased levels of HIF2α and the apoptosis factor Caspase3 in condylar cartilage at 8 weeks.Occlusion disorder stress results in cartilage degeneration. HIF1α and HIF2α are involved in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage homeostasis by regulating chondrocyte apoptosis, which contributes to TMJ cartilage degeneration. Conclusion: Thus, abnormal hypoxic conditions inducing opposite expression patterns of HIF1α and HIF2α could be involved in the pathogenesis of condylar cartilage degeneration. HIF2α may provide a potential negative feedback mechanism for HIF1α during cartilage damage.
Vesical Gossypiboma with Urethral Migration Causing Acute Urinary Retention: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gebreselassie Kaleab Habtemichael , Mummed Ferid Ousman , Gebrehiwot Fitsum Gebreegziabher , Adem Mubarek Bargicho , Adem Ramzi Yessuf , Issack Feysel Hassen
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Vesical gossypiboma is a retained surgical sponge in the urinary bladder following abdominal or pelvic surgery. It is probably under-reported due to medico-legal issues. It usually poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. A high index of suspicion is essential to make a timely diagnosis.
Case Presentation:

We present a case of vesical gossypiboma in a 64-year-old male patient who presented with a history of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and acute urinary retention following trans-vesical prostatectomy. The urinary retention was relieved by a suprapubic cystostomy. On cystoscopic examination, a large whitish spongiform structure in the urethra and bladder was revealed. A gentle attempt of cystoscopic removal was failed. At exploration, a retained surgical sponge was revealed and removed from the bladder. Postoperatively, the patient reported improvement of symptoms and was passing urine normally.
Discussion

Vesical gossypiboma is relatively rare as very few isolated cases have been reported, and its migration through the urethra is even rarer. Patients with intravesical gossypiboma may manifest with either acute or chronic symptoms due to complications. Gossypiboma is an avoidable condition, and its occurrence can be prevented by thorough exploration of the surgical site and count of surgical materials at the end of the procedure.
Conclusion

Vesical gossypiboma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with persistent LUTS following open bladder or prostate surgery. Open surgical removal is one of the feasible treatment options. But prevention is a preferable solution.
Work Ability Among Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors – Exploring the Role of Social Support in a Nation-wide Study
Authors: vandraas kathrine , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Bøhn Synne , Kiserud Cecilie , Lie Hanne , Smedsland Solveig , Ewertz Marianne , Dahl Sigrun , Brekke Mette , Reinertsen Kristin
Published: January 2022

work ability (WA) is scarce. We aimed to identify factors, including social support, associated with excellent WA in a nation-wide population of long-term BCS. MethodsAll long-term BCSs (20-65 years) diagnosed with early-stage BC in 2011 or 2012 were identified by the Norwegian Cancer Registry in 2019 and invited to participate in a survey (n=2803). WA was assessed using the Work Ability Index. Factors associated with excellent WA were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic-, health- and cancer related variables. ResultsThe final sample consisted of 926 BCSs with a mean age of 56 years at survey. WA was reduced from 8.9 (SD 2.3) at diagnosis to 6.3 (SD 3.1) eight years later. One in three BCSs reported poor WA, and seven out of ten reported that their physical WA was reduced due to cancer. Survivors with excellent WA reported high social support from supervisors and colleagues compared to BCSs with low WA. Additionally, cognitive impairment and fatigue were negatively associated with WA. ConclusionWA remains a significant challenge in long-term BC survivorship, with a substantial proportion of BCSs reporting poor WA eight years after diagnosis. Collegial support appears to be a protective factor for sustained WA, whilst survivors struggling with fatigue and cognitive impairments may represent a particularly vulnerable group for discontinued employment. Increased attention to WA in follow-up care is warranted.
Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese Version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry - REALD-29 PT
Authors: Costa Helder , Amaral Odete , Duarte João , Correia Maria José , Veiga Nélio , López-Marcos Joaquin Francisco
Published: January 2022

Background

Health literacy is a main factor in health for its improvement, allowing the individuals to have a greater capacity to engage and participate in collective health promotion actions. The assessment of functional health literacy to determine the ability that each individual has to understand basic health information is essential. The aim of the present study was to translate and perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30) to Portuguese language and test the reliability and validity of this version.
Methods

The REALD-30 in the Portuguese language (REALD-29 PT) was applied to a group of individuals that participate in the program Atividade Senior, developed by the municipality of Viseu, Portugal. The final sample was composed by 206 participants that accepted responding to the questionnaire and to the REALD-30 Portuguese version (REALD-29 PT). Translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire and the statistical validation was accomplished in order to complete the process and obtain the REALD-29 PT.
Results

The REALD-29 PT presented good internal reliability. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.89 to 0.90 when words were deleted individually. The analysis of test-retest reliability revealed excellent reproducibility. We can verify that the REALD-30 scale for assessment of oral health literacy among older adults presents an acceptable internal consistency, with a global Cronbach´s alpha of 0.894.
Conclusions

The REALD-29 PT scale can be applied to assess oral health literacy among older Portuguese adults, presenting an acceptable internal consistency and is validated to assess oral health literacy and is crucial in epidemiological studies.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metal of Drinking Water Samples from Some Iranian Universities and Surveyed the Efficacy of Several Water Purification Methods on Removal of Heavy Metal
Authors: Rezaei Zeinab , Khanzadi Saeid , Shamloo Ehsan , Salari Amir
Published: January 2022

Water quality is the most important factor for consumers because it has a significant impact on their health. So, monitoring and controlling water quality is of particular significance in different human communities such as universities. In this study, the physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, electrical conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium ions, and heavy metals including lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, and chromium in drinking water were determined in nine Iranian universities. Then, the efficacy of several treatment methods was evaluated in the removal of heavy metal, including the boiling process in two stages: 5 minutes boiling and 5 hours boiling and filtration process. The results revealed that the physicochemical quality of drinking water in all universities was appropriate. Hardness levels in drinking water samples of all universities were higher than the WHO standards. However, this parameter was lower than the national standard of Iran (500 mg/l). Nevertheless, cadmium content was not detected in any samples, nickel content was below the permissible limit, and chromium content was below the permissible limit in all samples. However, its value was higher than the allowable limit in the university with a code of 6. Lead content was higher than the limit in samples with codes 3, 5-1, and 5-4, and arsenic content was higher than the limit in samples with codes 6, 1-1, 1-2, and 2. Water purification methods, including boiling and water purifier, were satisfactory and significantly reduced pollutants. According to the present study, it is suggested to check drinking water quality in universities randomly, and the 5-minute boiling method can be recommended as a cost-effective solution for water purification.
Human Pointing Motion during Interaction with an Autonomous Blimp
Authors: Hou Mengxue , Tao Qiuyang , Zhang Fumin
Published: January 2022

We investigate the interaction between a human and a miniature autonomous blimp using a wand as pointing device. The wand movement generated by the human is followed by the blimp through a tracking controller.The Vector Integration to Endpoint (VITE) model, previously applied to human-computer interface (HCI), has been applied to model the human generated wand movement when interacting with the blimp. We show that the closed-loop human-blimp dynamics are exponentially stable. Similar to HCI using computer mouse, overshoot motion of the blimp has been observed. The VITE model can be viewed as a special reset controller used by the human to generate wand movements that effectively reduce the overshoot of blimp motion. Moreover, we have observed undershoot motion of the blimp due to its inertia, which does not appear in HCI using computer mouse. The asymptotic stability of the human-blimp dynamics is beneficial towards tolerating the undershoot motion of the blimp.
COVID-19 pandemic, challenges, and opportunities in Northern Uganda; Community overview and perspectives: A qualitative study using informant interviews.
Authors: Ikoona Eric Nzirakaindi , Okot Christopher , Baguma Steven , Alema Nelson Onira , Oyat Freddy WD , Apiyo Paska , Layet Paska , Pebolo Francis Pebalo , Acullu Denis , Nyeko Johnson Oloya , Aloyo Judith , Kitara David Lagoro
Published: January 2022

Background

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus that causes COVID-19, has overwhelmingly interrupted human activities worldwide, especially in the low-to-middle income countries. Not much is reported about exclusive challenges and opportunities presented by the COVID-19 pandemic in some remote communities in Africa.
Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the community’s views and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Uganda.
Methods

We interviewed 36 participants (age range, 28-63 years), including health workers, civil servants, members of civil society, security forces, politicians, and staff of local government administration who were members of COVID-19 district task forces in Northern Uganda using qualitative study methods between August and September 2021. The initial selection of participants was purposeful, but the snowballing technique was later used to select others. The interview questions were pre-tested among health workers and laypersons who were not part of the main study. Participants described how the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges and opportunities, and the experience could be used to strengthen community resolves to control the pandemic and any other in the future. A local IRB approved this study. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results

The current study findings revealed challenges but many opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic in this community, including loss of lives and livelihoods, increased poverty, lack of personal protection equipment, uncertainties, stress, and anxiety among health workers in the community. However, it also offered opportunities for quality family time, increased engagement, sensitization, and mobilization of communities for health, improved general security of persons and property, increased budgets and logistics for government departments, reduced incidences of diarrheal diseases and road traffic accidents, increased incomes for task force members, and more interactions among members during task force meetings.
Conclusion

Although the COVID-19 pandemic presented enormous challenges to low-to-middle-income countries, there are opportunities in some communities that are worth mentioning. Information obtained in this study has practical lessons that disease control experts could use to develop strategies to organize communities better and conduct disease surveillance activities for the COVID-19 pandemic and others.
Reactions to problems in marriage
Authors: İNANÇ Betul BATTALOĞLU
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Violence within the family is a common problem that can be seen in almost most socio-economic groups, societies, all ages and all educational levels. This study was planned to investigate the behavior and attitudes and marital satisfaction levels of the spouses in the family life process.Methods: All citizens 18 years and older that are living in households in the Republic of Turkey have been included. Considering the existing population records, a stratified two-stage systematic cluster sampling method was applied. . Comparisons by the sex, educational level, and marital status satisfied were performed with the use of chi-square and multivariate regression analysis, correlation analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Violent behaviors such as doing harm, breaking and hitting things were more intense in men. Physical violence was more common among males. Only maintaining silence, getting angry or sulking was statistically significant in women (p <0.000). Yelling, scolding, humiliating, separating the bedroom and decreasing spending money was statistically significant in males (p <0.000).Conclusion: All concepts related to marriage should be well defined because spouse satisfaction and conflicts can have different meanings. It suggests that raising awareness about domestic violence against women, knowing solution methods, informing about their rights and increasing social support may be beneficial in solving the problem.
Community engagement in Ebola outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa and implications for COVID-19 control: A systematic review
Authors: Frimpong Shadrack Osei , Paintsil Elijah
Published: January 2022

Objectives
There is a paucity of systematic data on the specific roles community engagement played in preventing and managing the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We assessed community engagement's role, benefits, and mechanisms to understand its effect on EVD case detection, survival, and mortality in SSA. Implications for COVID-19 prevention and control were also highlighted.
Methods
We systematically searched for articles between 2010 and 2020 in databases such as MEDLINE and EMBASE. Study types included were randomised trials, quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, case series, and reports.
Results
A total of 903 records were identified for screening. 216 articles met the review criteria, 103 were initially selected, and 44 were included in the final review. Our findings show that effective community involvement during the EVD outbreak depended on the survival rates, testimonials of survivors, risk perception, and community leaders’ inclusion. Community-based interventions improved knowledge and attitudes, case findings, isolation efforts and treatment.
Conclusion
Although the studies included in this review were of highly variable quality, community engagement lessons learned from Ebola outbreaks can be applied to COVID-19 pandemic control in SSA.
Evaluation Short-term Efficacy of Cervical Cancer Under Radiotherapy by Shear Wave Elastography: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Zeng Manting , Zhou Ningbo , Zhou Yangying , Wang Jian , Li Xuanxuan , Zhang Yu , Long Xueying , Zhu Hong
Published: January 2022

Background To find a reliable, safe, convenient and low-cost imaging technology in evaluation of the short-term clinical efficacy of cervical cancer. Here, we performed a preliminary examination of the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing short-term efficacy of radiotherapy in cervical cancer. Methods In this study, we used SWE to measure the elastic modulus of cervical masses and healthy paracervical tissues and record the maximum elastic modulus (Emax) and the mean elastic modulus (Emean) in 46 patients with cervical cancer. The 46 patients who were naive to treatment were monitored at 5 time points. We divided those into sensitive and non-sensitive groups based on MRI in combination with RECIST1.1. The relative changes in the elastic modulus of the mass before and after radiotherapy were calculated in all patients. MRI was also combined with gynecological examinations to determine if any residual masses remained. Results In this study, 25 patients completed all 5 time points examinations showing the elastic modulus of the cervix decreased while healthy paracervical tissues first increased and then decreased. Then, all 46 patients underwent SWE at 3 time points: prior to radiotherapy, the 15th radiotherapy session, and at completed radiotherapy. The results revealed that the relative changes in cervical masses in the sensitive group were larger than that in the non-sensitive group (P < 0.05). We further discovered the Emax and the Emean of cervical tissues in the residual group were higher than that in the non-residual group (135.69 ± 35.18, 128.25 ± 35.55 vs 104.13 ± 20.19, 98.14 ± 18.9, respectively; P < 0.05), and the area under the curve (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)were 0.770 and 0.767, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions SWE can be used to monitor changes in cervix and paracervical stiffness, and to assist in assessments of the efficacy of radiotherapy in cervical cancer.
QUBO Formulations for a System of Linear Equations
Authors: Jun Kyungtaek
Published: January 2022

With the advent of quantum computers, many quantum computing algorithms are being developed. Solving linear systems is one of the most fundamental problems in almost all of science and engineering. Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd algorithm, a monumental quantum algorithm for solving linear systems on the gate model quantum computers, was invented and several advanced variations have been developed. For a given square matrix A∈R(n×n) and a vector b∈R(n), we will find unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) models for a vector x∈R(n) that satisfies Ax=b. To formulate QUBO models for a linear system solving problem, we make use of a linear least-square problem with binary representation of the solution. We validate those QUBO models on the D-Wave system and discuss the results. For a simple system, We provide a python code to calculate the matrix characterizing the relationship between the variables and to print the test code that can be used directly in D-Wave system.
Identification of QTLs and Putative Candidate Gene Involved in Rhizome Enlargement of Asian lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera)
Authors: Liu Yanling , Song Heyun , Zhang Minghua , Yang Dong , Deng Xianbao , Sun Heng , Liu Juan , Yang Mei
Published: January 2022

Lotus (Nelumbo) is perennial aquatic plant with nutritional, pharmacological, and ornamental significance. Rhizome is an underground lotus stem that act as a storage organ and as a reproductive tissue for asexual production. The enlargement of lotus rhizome is an important adaptive strategy for surviving the cold winter. The aims of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for rhizome enlargement traits including rhizome enlargement index (REI) and number of enlarged rhizome (NER), and to uncover candidate genes associated with these phenotypic traits. A high-density genetic linkage map was constructed, consisting of 2,935 markers binned from 236,840 SNPs. A total of 14 significant QTLs were detected for REI and NER, which explained 6.67–22.28% of trait variance. Three QTL regions were repeatedly identified in at least two years, and a major QTL, designated cqREI-LG2, with a rhizome-enlargement effect and about 20% of the phenotypic contribution was identified across the three climatic years. A candidate NnBEL6 gene located within the confidence interval of cqREI-LG2 was considered to be putatively involved in lotus rhizome enlargement. The expression of NnBEL6 was exclusively induced by rhizome swelling. Sequence comparison of NnBEL6 among lotus varieties revealed a functional Indel site in its promoter that likely initiates the rhizome enlargement process. Transgenic potato assay was used to confirm the role of NnBEL6 in inducing tuberization. The successful identification QTLs and functional validation of NnBEL6 gene reported in this study will enrich our knowledge on the genetic basis of rhizome enlargement in lotus.
Kata Netizen tentang Kesetaraan Gender dalam Sentimen Warganet Twitter
Authors: Azkiya Azka Al , Vega Iliana Patricia , Iqbal M. , Fatimah Zahra Nurul , Syafitri Utami Dyah
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Gender equality is one of the goals in the Sustainable Development Goals. However, until now Indonesia is still having difficulties in achieving this goal. According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) data, Indonesia's Gender Inequality Index (GII) is ranked 107 out of 189 countries. In addition, according to The Global Gender Gap Index 2021 data by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Indonesia is ranked 105th out of 153 countries. This shows that Indonesia is still lagging behind in terms of gender equality. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the sentiments of Indonesian twitter netizens regarding gender equality in 2018-2021 and its accuracy. Data was collected from primary data, scraping twitter data with the keywords #kesetaraan and #gender in Indonesian. The method used is Lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis with AFINN-111 dictionary translated into Indonesian. The results obtained are that the percentage of positive sentiments tends to decrease from year to year except for 2021. On the contrary, the negative sentiments of Twitter tend to increase. This is due to controversial articles in RKUHP, RUU Cipta Kerja, Covid-19 pandemic, and the online gender-based violence. This shows that the gender equality in Indonesia is still minimal and needs to be improved.

Keywords: AFINN-111, gender equality, lexicon-based sentiment analysis, text mining, twitter

Abstrak: Kesetaraan gender termasuk tujuan pada Sustainable Development Goals. Namun hingga saat ini Indonesia masih kesulitan dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut. Menurut data United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), nilai Gender Inequality Index (GII) Indonesia menempati peringkat 107 dari 189 negara. Selain itu, menurut data The Global Gender Gap Index 2021 dari World Economic Forum (WEF), Indonesia menempati posisi ke-105 dari total 153 negara. Hal ini membuktikan gender di Indonesia masih belum setara. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sentiment netizen twitter Indonesia mengenai kesetaraan gender pada 2018-202i dan akurasinya. Data dikumpulkan dari data primer yaitu scraping data twitter dengan keyword #kesetaraangender dan #gender dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis dengan bantuan kamus AFINN-111 yang diterjemahkan dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada software python. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah persentase sentimen positif netizen twitter cenderung menurun dari tahun ke tahun kecuali 2021, sebaliknya sentimen negatif netizen twitter cenderung meningkat setiap tahun. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya pasal yang mengandung kontroversi pada Rancangan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (RKUHP), RUU Cipta Kerja, adanya pandemi Covid-19, dan maraknya kekerasan berbasis gender online. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesetaraan gender di Indonesia masih minim dan perlu untuk ditingkatkan kedepannya.

Kata kunci: AFINN-111, kesetaraan gender, lexicon-based sentiment analysis, text mining, twitter
Design Innovation Process Responds to Unmet Needs Created by Covid-19
Authors: Brown Daniel P. , Torto Lisa Del , Hanson Natalie
Published: January 2022

This article presents a recent case study of the development and bringing to market of a new product through the design process of the author, Dan Brown, Ph.D. (Brown Sr.), a product design practitioner and academic with over 40 years of innovation experience, and his son Brown Jr.,
a business entrepreneur. This case explores how they collaborated as an entrepreneurial team to design and commercialize a novel PPE face shield using Brown Sr.'s Differentiation by Design research process. The article focuses on how design creates value and competitive advantage in markets
by examining a recent case study of successful new product development arising from the COVID-19 pandemic -- providing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE).
 When seeking advantage in the practice of innovation, there is a creative quest that product design and development
practitioners must address through their design process. Truly innovative and competitive new products are rare, as their design efforts often fall short of the original design aims. Brown Sr.'s past research has revealed that this creative quest often appears at the intersection of the existing
knowledge boundaries of the user as well as the many less prominent stakeholders in the new product experience.
 Often framed as unmet stakeholder needs, this knowledge boundary appears when existing practice knowledge proves inadequate, but the development objective remains. These
knowledge gap opportunities appear through detailed research of the problem, existing solution benchmarks, and stakeholders. They can also appear when the designer-researcher looks for them specifically. Finding these knowledge gaps and creatively conceiving advantaged solutions into competitively
advantaged spaces or white spaces is the goal of this design process.
 This Case shares successful marketplace outcomes with Brown Sr.'s past research cases resulting from their design and development approaches. With a combined quantitative and qualitative research focus, this autobiographical
case study builds on the insights available to the researcher. Autobiographic cases provide unique access to rich quantitative evidence of the design narrative and marketing histories gained from an insider's view of industry practice.
 Competitive advantage and its role in innovation
in the real-world laboratory of the marketplace provide the context for researching the process of this design-focused strategy. The process starts with reframing the fundamental problem, which was, in this case, how to rapidly produce millions of face shields in a matter of months; the Browns
teamed up to create a viable and scalable shield solution for the masses.
Melting phase equilibrium relations in the MgSiO3-SiO2 system under high pressures
Authors: Moriguti Takuya , Yachi Yusuke , Yoneda Akira , Ito Eiji
Published: January 2022

Melting relations in the MgSiO3-SiO2 system have been investigated at 13.5 GPa using a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. The system displays eutectic melting with the eutectic point located at SiO2/(SiO2+MgO) = 0.61 (in mol; which is denoted by XSi hereafter) and at 2350 ± 50 °C. Taking into account the eutectic compositions at lower pressures reported in previous studies, i.e., 0.556 at 1 GPa (Hudon et al. 2005) and 0.60 at 5 GPa (Dalton and Presnall 1997), the eutectic composition is slightly enriched in SiO2 with increasing pressure. The silica-rich eutectic composition is not consistent with the present peridotitic mantle composition (XSi = 0.43). Considering Si incorporation into iron alloys in a magma ocean, however, mass-balance calculations based on an E-chondrite model demonstrate that the silicate magma ocean could have XSi consistent with the present peridotitic mantle.
La Cesión de créditos en el Sistema Financiero
Authors: Nugent N’Egrillo Mario
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo analiza la problemática generada a partir de la apertura de mercados que hizo posible el otorgamiento de créditos de consumo sin mayores garantías lo que provocó el aumento de la morosidad y el incremento de riesgo crediticio. Esto obliga a las instituciones del sistema financiero a destinar tiempo y recursos para la recuperación de créditos. Frente a esta situación, surgieron las empresas especializadas en cobranzas que se constituyeron específicamente con esta finalidad y la figura de la cesión derechos y acciones de la cartera morosa como una herramienta necesaria para evitar la concentración de morosidad y el incremento del riesgo financiero, liberando a la institución financiera de la administración del riesgo. En este sentido adquiere gran importancia el contrato financiero de cesión de créditos en el que se busca transmitir en forma conjunta los derechos, acciones y privilegios, así como también las obligaciones a través de la unión del traslado de créditos y sus derechos implícitos. La cesión se hace entre el cedente y el cesionario, sin la intervención del cedido, lo único que se exige es una comunicación fehaciente al cedido de dicha cesión, sin necesidad de su consentimiento. En suma, se busca dar soluciones al tema investigado, sobre la necesidad de las empresas financieras de enajenar su cartera dentro de un marco atractivo legal, que permita dar solución a corto plazo, cumpliendo con los mecanismos que establece el régimen jurídico vigente.
La mala praxis médica y la vulneración del deber objetivo de cuidado
Authors: Espinoza Ariza Jelmut
Published: January 2022

El presente ensayo académico pretende poner de relieve como es que la categoría “deber objetivo de cuidado” en los delitos culposos, ha contribuido a esclarecer el orden de la culpa en el delito, dado que la doctrina clásica del Derecho Penal concebía la “culpa” de forma subjetiva, que junto al “dolo” formaban parte de la culpabilidad. En tal sentido, el objetivo de la investigación es destacar que en la infracción culposa la lesión de la diligencia objetiva de cuidado no pertenece a la culpabilidad, sino a la antijuricidad; y que dicha categoría se aplica válidamente no sólo en los casos del tráfico, sino también para los casos de mala praxis médica; posición que ha sido asumida por la doctrina y jurisprudencia nacional. Al mismo tiempo, destacamos a modo de conclusión, como de manera contradictoria la jurisprudencia nacional no sólo ha asumido la concepción del deber objetivo de cuidado, sino también los criterios de imputación objetiva (creación de un riesgo no permitido) para llegar al mismo destino, que la imputación al tipo objetivo en los delitos culposos radica en la tipicidad y no en la culpabilidad.
El requerimiento del expediente administrativo en procesos vinculados a materia previsional. Aportes para una aplicación correcta del artículo 23 del Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley 27584
Authors: Jiménez Jara Edgardo Salomón
Published: January 2022

Al momento de admitirse una demanda en la vía del proceso contencioso administrativo el órgano jurisdiccional, dispone – casi de manera automática - la remisión del expediente administrativo. Pero que sucede si la pretensión demandada está referida a un derecho pensionario y dentro del proceso judicial se insiste en la actuación de un documento que no resulta necesario para resolver la controversia planteada o sobre lo cual la parte demandada, al contestar la demanda, no formula cuestionamiento directo a los documentos presentados por el demandante (usualmente copia de las resoluciones administrativas o de su solicitud a nivel administrativo). Por ello, es importante que se aplique de manera adecuada la disposición legal referida a la solicitud del expediente administrativo, a efectos de que se requiera, solo cuando sea necesario, de ser el caso.