bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Aerosols in Antarctica From Long‐Range Transport of the 2009 Australian Wildfires
Authors: Jumelet J. , Klekociuk A. R. , Alexander S. P. , Bekki S. , Hauchecorne A. , Vernier J. P. , Fromm M. , Keckhut P.
Published: October 2020

We analyze the long‐range transport to high latitudes of a smoke particle filament originating from the extratropics plume after the Australian wildfires colloquially known as “Black Saturday” on 7 February and report the first Antarctic stratospheric lidar characterization of such aerosols. Using a high‐resolution transport/microphysical model, we show that the monitoring cloud/aerosol lidar instrument operating at the French Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville (DDU, 66°S to 140°E) recorded a signature of those aerosols. The 532 nm scattering ratio of this filament is comparable to typical moderate stratospheric volcanic plume, with values between 1.4 and 1.6 on the first and third days of March above DDU station at around the 14 and 16 km altitude, respectively. A dedicated model is described and its ability to track down fine optical signatures is validated against Antarctic lidar elastic aerosol and DIAL ozone measurements. Using 1 month of tropical Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data to support a relatively simple microphysical scheme, we report modeled aerosol presence above DDU station after advection of the aerosol size distribution. In situ measurements also report associated positive ozone anomaly. This case study provides evidence that biomass burning events injecting significant amounts of material up to stratospheric altitudes can be transported toward high latitudes. We highlight a potential imprint of smoke particles on the Antarctic atmosphere over larger time scales. Any underestimation of the global impact of such deep particle transport will lead to uncertainties in modeling the associated chemical or radiative effects, especially in polar regions, where specific microphysical and chemical processes take place.
Site Dependence of Fluvial Incision Rate Scaling With Timescale
Authors: Nativ Ron , Turowski Jens M.
Published: October 2020

Global measurements of incision rate typically show a negative scaling with the timescale over which they were averaged, a phenomenon referred to as the “Sadler effect.” This time dependency is thought to result from hiatus periods between incision phases, which leads to a power law scaling of incision rate with timescale. Alternatively, the “Sadler effect” has been argued to be a consequence of the mobility of the modern river bed, where the timescale dependency of incision rates arises from a bias due to the choice of the reference system. In this case, incision rates should be independent of the timescale, provided that the correct reference system is chosen. It is unclear which model best explains the “Sadler effect,” and, if a timescale dependency exists, which mathematical formulation can be used to describe it. Here, we present a compilation of 581 bedrock incision rates from 34 studies, averaged over timescales ranging from single floods to millions of years. We constrain the functional relationship between incision rate and timescale and show that time‐independent incision rate is inconsistent with the global data. Using a power law dependence, a single constant power is inconsistent with the distribution of observed exponents. Therefore, the scaling exponent is site dependent. Consequently, incision rates measured over contrasting timescales cannot be meaningfully compared between different field sites without properly considering the “Sadler effect.” We explore the controls on the variable exponents and propose an empirical equation to correct observed incision rates for their timescale dependency.
Physical activity modification in youth with congenital heart disease: a comprehensive narrative review
Authors: van Deutekom Arend W. , Lewandowski Adam J.
Published: October 2020

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1% of births. As survival rates have dramatically improved, the majority of individuals with CHD now live into adulthood. As these patients age, they become prone to a large range of complications, such as chronic heart failure and acquired cardiovascular disease. Promotion of a healthy and active lifestyle from childhood onwards has been suggested as a sustainable and effective strategy to enhance cardiovascular health, improve quality of life and reduce immediate and long-term risk in people with CHD. Well-established physical activity consensus statements for youth with CHD have now been published. In this article, we review how increasing physical activity in youth with CHD may offer immediate and long-term cardiovascular benefits, what is known about physical activity in children with CHD, describe the unique factors that contribute to achieving sufficient and insufficient physical activity levels and summarize the evidence of trials on physical activity promotion in youth with CHD. Furthermore, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed by further research regarding the optimal strategy, timing and format of physical activity intervention programmes in children and adolescents with CHD.

Impact

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1% of births, with the majority of individuals with CHD now living into adulthood due to improved survival. As CHD patients age, they become prone to a large range of cardiovascular complications.

This article discusses how and why increasing physical activity in youth with CHD may offer immediate and long-term cardiovascular benefits, the barriers to achieving sufficient physical activity levels and the evidence from trials on physical activity promotion in youth with CHD.

The optimal strategy, timing and format of physical activity intervention programmes in children and adolescents with CHD are discussed.
A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates
Authors: Dong Yetian , Dai Tong , Wei Yujun , Zhang Long , Zheng Min , Zhou Fangfang
Published: October 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus that is highly pathogenic and has caused the recent worldwide pandemic officially named coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Currently, considerable efforts have been put into developing effective and safe drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines, and vector vaccines, have already entered clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the experimental and clinical data obtained from recent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines trials, and highlight certain potential safety issues that require consideration when developing vaccines. Furthermore, we summarize several strategies utilized in the development of vaccines against other infectious viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), with the aim of aiding in the design of effective therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2.
Prevalence of self-reported complications associated with intermittent catheterization in wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury
Authors: Walter Matthias , Ruiz Ian , Squair Jordan W. , Rios Luis A. S. , Averbeck Marcio A. , Krassioukov Andrei V.
Published: October 2020

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Objectives

To identify the prevalence of complications associated with intermittent catheterization in wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting

International and national sporting events.

Methods

A total 130 competitive wheelchair athletes living with SCI completed a self-reported questionnaire during international or national sporting events. The questionnaire collected information regarding demographics, injury characteristics, method of bladder emptying, and complications related to intermittent catheterization.

Results

Overall, 84% (109/130) of wheelchair athletes used intermittent catheterization. Within this group, 77% of athletes (84/109) experienced at least one complication associated with intermittent catheterization. Twenty-seven percent (29/109) sustained urethral injuries and 63% (69/109) had at least one episode of urinary tract infection during the last 12 months. Almost one-fourth of male athletes (22/95, 23%) had a history of inflammation / infection of genital organs associated with intermittent catheterization.

Conclusions

Here we report a high prevalence of self-reported complications associated with intermittent catheterization in wheelchair athletes with SCI. Considering their potential impact on lower urinary tract function, athletic performance, and health, further studies are needed to assess the role of preventative strategies to reduce complications related to intermittent catheterization in wheelchair athletes with SCI.

Sponsorship

Coloplast Brazil and Instituto Lado a Lado pela Vida (a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization based in São Paulo) and Wellspect provided funding for this study.
Acute psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak among healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Ying , Ma Simeng , Yang Can , Cai Zhongxiang , Hu Shaohua , Zhang Bin , Tang Shiming , Bai Hanping , Guo Xin , Wu Jiang , Du Hui , Kang Lijun , Tan Huawei , Li Ruiting , Yao Lihua , Wang Gaohua , Liu Zhongchun
Published: October 2020

To study the acute psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak among healthcare workers (HCWs) in China, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs during the early period of COVID-19 outbreak. The acute psychological effects including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and PTSD was estimated at 15.0%, 27.1%, and 9.8%, respectively. Having an intermediate technical title, working at the frontline, receiving insufficient training for protection, and lacking confidence in protection measures were significantly associated with increased risk for depression and anxiety. Being a nurse, having an intermediate technical title, working at the frontline, and lacking confidence in protection measures were risk factors for PTSD. Meanwhile, not worrying about infection was a protective factor for developing depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Psychological interventions should be implemented among HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak to reduce acute psychological effects and prevent long-term psychological comorbidities. Meanwhile, HCWs should be well trained and well protected before their frontline exposure.
Vaccine strategies for the Mtb/HIV copandemic
Authors: Sharan Riti , Kaushal Deepak
Published: October 2020

One-third of world’s population is predicted to be infected with tuberculosis (TB). The resurgence of this deadly disease has been inflamed by comorbidity with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The risk of TB in people living with HIV (PLWH) is 15–22 times higher than people without HIV. Development of a single vaccine to combat both diseases is an ardent but tenable ambition. Studies have focused on the induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses against HIV-1 following recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing HIV-1 antigens. Recent advances in the TB vaccines led to the development of promising candidates such as MTBVAC, the BCG revaccination approach, H4:IC31, H56:IC31, M72/AS01 and more recently, intravenous (IV) BCG. Modification of these vaccine candidates against TB/HIV coinfection could reveal key correlates of protection in a representative animal model. This review discusses the (i) potential TB vaccine candidates that can be exploited for use as a dual vaccine against TB/HIV copandemic (ii) progress made in the realm of TB/HIV dual vaccine candidates in small animal model, NHP model, and human clinical trials (iii) the failures and promising targets for a successful vaccine strategy while delineating the correlates of vaccine-induced protection.
A dataset of distribution and diversity of mosquito-associated viruses and their mosquito vectors in China
Authors: Atoni Evans , Zhao Lu , Hu Cheng , Ren Nanjie , Wang Xiaoyu , Liang Mengying , Mwaliko Caroline , Yuan Zhiming , Xia Han
Published: October 2020

Mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus and Dengue virus present an increasing global health concern. However, in-depth knowledge of the distribution and diversity of mosquito-associated viruses and their related vectors remains limited, especially for China. To promote their understanding, we present the first comprehensive dataset of the distribution and diversity of these viruses and their related vectors in China (including Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau). Data was drawn from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers and thesis publications in both English and Chinese. Geographical data on mosquito-associated viruses’ occurrence and related mosquito vector species was extracted, and quality-control processes employed. This dataset contains 2,428 accounts of mosquito-associated viruses’ and mosquito species geo-referenced occurrences at various administrative levels in China. The prevalent mosquito-associated virus includes Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Banna virus and Culex flavivirus, whereas the abundant mosquito vectors are Culex tritaeryohynchus, Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens. This geographical dataset delivers a distribution and diversity outline of mosquito-associated viruses in China, and also applicable in various spatial and risk-assessment analysis.
Antibiotic resistance and virulence of Escherichia coli strains isolated from animal rendering plant
Authors: Gregova Gabriela , Kmet Vladimir
Published: October 2020

Processing of animal carcasses and other animal wastes in rendering plants is a significant source of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. The main goal of this study was to investigate the resistance to 18 antibacterial agents including β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, colistin and virulence factors (iss, tsh, cvaC, iutA, papC, kps and ibeA genes) in 88 Escherichia coli strains isolated from a rendering plant over 1 year period. ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) and plasmid-mediated Amp were screened by interpretative reading of MIC. ESBL phenotype was detected in 20.4% of samples and high level of resistance to fluoroquinolone was found in 27.2% of strains. Cephalosporinase CTX-M1, cephamycinase CMY-2, integrase 1 and transposon 3 genes were detected by PCR. Furthermore, there were found three CMY-2 producing E. coli with O25b-ST131, resistant to the high level of enrofloxacin and containing the gene encoding the ferric aerobactin receptor (iutA). One enrofloxacin resistant E. coli strain possessed iss, ibeA, kps and papC virulence genes also with CMY-2, integrase1 and Tn3. ST131 E. coli with CMY-2 has a zoonotic potential and presents a serious health risk to humans.
A comparative study of Atlantic salmon chilled in refrigerated seawater versus on ice: from whole fish to cold-smoked fillets
Authors: Chan Sherry Stephanie , Roth Bjørn , Jessen Flemming , Løvdal Trond , Jakobsen Anita Nordeng , Lerfall Jørgen
Published: October 2020

Water and salt uptake, and water holding capacity (WHC) of whole gutted Atlantic salmon superchilled at sub-zero temperatures in refrigerated seawater (RSW) were compared to traditional ice storage. Following the entire value chain, the whole salmon was further processed, and fillets were either chilled on ice or dry salted and cold-smoked. Changes in quality parameters including colour, texture, enzyme activity and microbial counts were also analyzed for 3 weeks. Our results showed that when fish were removed from the RSW tank after 4 days and further chilled for 3 days, an overall weight gain of 0.7%, salt uptake of 0.3% and higher WHC were observed. In contrast, ice-stored fish had a total weight loss of 1% and steady salt uptake of 0.1%. After filleting, raw fillets from whole fish initially immersed in RSW had better gaping occurrence, softer texture, lower cathepsin B + L activity but higher microbiological growth. Otherwise, there were no differences in drip loss nor colour (L*a*b*) on both raw and smoked fillets from RSW and iced fish. Storage duration significantly affected quality parameters including drip loss, colour, texture, enzyme activity and microbial counts in raw fillets and drip loss, WHC, redness and yellowness in smoked fillets.
Biogeographic parallels in thermal tolerance and gene expression variation under temperature stress in a widespread bumble bee
Authors: Pimsler Meaghan L. , Oyen Kennan J. , Herndon James D. , Jackson Jason M. , Strange James P. , Dillon Michael E. , Lozier Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2020

Global temperature changes have emphasized the need to understand how species adapt to thermal stress across their ranges. Genetic mechanisms may contribute to variation in thermal tolerance, providing evidence for how organisms adapt to local environments. We determine physiological thermal limits and characterize genome-wide transcriptional changes at these limits in bumble bees using laboratory-rearedBombus vosnesenskiiworkers. We analyze bees reared from latitudinal (35.7–45.7°N) and altitudinal (7–2154 m) extremes of the species’ range to correlate thermal tolerance and gene expression among populations from different climates. We find that critical thermal minima (CTMIN) exhibit strong associations with local minimums at the location of queen origin, while critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) was invariant among populations. Concordant patterns are apparent in gene expression data, with regional differentiation following cold exposure, and expression shifts invariant among populations under high temperatures. Furthermore, we identify several modules of co-expressed genes that tightly correlate with critical thermal limits and temperature at the region of origin. Our results reveal that local adaptation in thermal limits and gene expression may facilitate cold tolerance across a species range, whereas high temperature responses are likely constrained, both of which may have implications for climate change responses of bumble bees.
All eyes on you: how researcher presence changes the way you walk
Authors: Friesen Kenzie B. , Zhang Zhaotong , Monaghan Patrick G. , Oliver Gretchen D. , Roper Jaimie A.
Published: October 2020

Most human movement research takes place within controlled laboratories where researchers observe participant movement. Because a majority of daily activity is performed without observation, we hypothesized movement within a laboratory would vary when there was a small, large or absence of research group. We also hypothesized that personality type would influence movement during observation. Participants completed a personality questionnaire, then walked in a laboratory during three different conditions: no research group (no researchers), small research group (2 researchers), and large research group (6–10 researchers). Results revealed spatiotemporal parameters were altered between conditions, however personality type did not influence changes in movement. As the number of researchers increased, gait speed, cadence, and stride length increased, and step duration decreased. Gait speed increased by .03 m/s from the no research group to the small research group, by .06 m/s from the no research group to the large research group, and by .03 m/s from the small to large research group (all p values < .001). Understanding how researcher observation modifies movement is important and affects the replicability of results, as well as the interpretation of laboratory-based movement studies to activities of daily living in real world settings.
A novel microfluidic chip-based sperm-sorting device constructed using design of experiment method
Authors: Phiphattanaphiphop Chalinee , Leksakul Komgrit , Phatthanakun Rungrueang , Khamlor Trisadee
Published: October 2020

Microfluidics is proposed as a technique for efficient sperm sorting, to achieve the ultimate goal of resolving infertility problems in livestock industry. Our study aimed to design a microfluidic sperm-sorting device (SSD) through a high-efficacy and cost- and time-effective fabrication process, by using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation and modeling software, and the design of experiment (DOE) method. The eight factors affecting SSD performance were established. The simulation was then run, and statistically significant factors were analyzed. Minitab16 was used to optimize the design modulus factor. By setting the statistical significance at p < 0.05, the factors affecting experimental structure were analyzed. At a desirability of 97.99, the optimal parameters for the microfluidic chip were: angle between sperm and medium inlet chambers (A = 43°), sperm inlet flow rate (B = 0.24 µL min−1), medium inlet flow rate (C = 0.34 µL min−1), and inlet and outlet chamber lengths (D = 5000 µm). These optima were then applied to microfluidics device construction. The device was produced using soft lithographic microfabrication techniques and tested on Holstein–Friesian bull sperm. The highest bull sperm-sorting performance for this microfluidic device prototype was 96%. The error between the simulation and the actual microfluidic device was 2.72%. Fluid viscosity ranges analysis-based simulations revealed acceptable fluid viscosity tolerances for the SSD. The simulation results revealed that the acceptable tolerance range for fluid viscosity was 0.00001–0.003 kg m−1 s−1. This optimally designed microfluidic chip-based SSD may be integrated into sperm x/y separation micro devices.
Influence of NOS3 rs2070744 genotypes on hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Azuma Shintaro , Uojima Haruki , Chuma Makoto , Shao Xue , Hidaka Hisashi , Nakazawa Takahide , Kondo Masaaki , Numata Kazushi , Iwabuchi Shogo , Kako Makoto , Maeda Shin , Koizumi Wasaburo , Atsuda Koichiro
Published: October 2020

We investigated whether or not nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) rs2070744 genotypes can affect the response for lenvatinib treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the relation of the NOS3 rs2070744 genotypes to the tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) as the response for lenvatinib. We also examined the association between fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene polymorphisms, a potential feature of lenvatinib, and the response. There were no significant differences between the studies for either PFS or OS, even though patients with the TT genotype had a longer mean PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.60; p = 0.069) and mean OS (HR 0.46; p = 0.075) than those with the TC/CC genotypes. However, patients with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) combination pattern of the NOS3 rs2070744 TC/CC and FGFR4 rs351855 CT/TT genotypes had a significantly shorter mean PFS (HR 2.56; p = 0.006) and mean OS (HR 3.36; p = 0.013) than those with the other genotypes. The NOS3 rs2070744 genotypes did not influence the clinical response. However, the SNP combination pattern of the NOS3 rs2070744 and FGFR4 rs351855 genotypes may be helpful as treatment effect predictors and prognostic factors for HCC patients treated with lenvatinib.
Soticlestat, a novel cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor shows a therapeutic potential for neural hyperexcitation in mice
Authors: Nishi Toshiya , Kondo Shinichi , Miyamoto Maki , Watanabe Sayuri , Hasegawa Shigeo , Kondo Shigeru , Yano Jason , Watanabe Etsurou , Ishi Tsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Masato , Ando Haruhi Kamisaki , Farnaby William , Fujimoto Shinji , Sunahara Eiji , Ohori Momoko , During Matthew J. , Kuroita Takanobu , Koike Tatsuki
Published: October 2020

Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H) is a brain-specific enzyme that converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol, the primary mechanism of cholesterol catabolism in the brain. The therapeutic potential of CH24H activation has been extensively investigated, whereas the effects of CH24H inhibition remain poorly characterized. In this study, the therapeutic potential of CH24H inhibition was investigated using a newly identified small molecule, soticlestat (TAK-935/OV935). The biodistribution and target engagement of soticlestat was assessed in mice. CH24H-knockout mice showed a substantially lower level of soticlestat distribution in the brain than wild-type controls. Furthermore, brain-slice autoradiography studies demonstrated the absence of [3H]soticlestat staining in CH24H-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice, indicating a specificity of soticlestat binding to CH24H. The pharmacodynamic effects of soticlestat were characterized in a transgenic mouse model carrying mutated human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (APP/PS1-Tg). These mice, with excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and short life-span, yielded a remarkable survival benefit when bred with CH24H-knockout animals. Soticlestat lowered brain 24S-hydroxycholesterol in a dose-dependent manner and substantially reduced premature deaths of APP/PS1-Tg mice at a dose lowering brain 24S-hydroxycholesterol by approximately 50%. Furthermore, microdialysis experiments showed that soticlestat can suppress potassium-evoked extracellular glutamate elevations in the hippocampus. Taken together, these data suggest that soticlestat-mediated inhibition of CH24H may have therapeutic potential for diseases associated with neural hyperexcitation.
Dissolved-oxygen feedback control fermentation for enhancing β-carotene in engineered Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Lv Peng Jun , Qiang Shan , Liu Liang , Hu Ching Yuan , Meng Yong Hong
Published: October 2020

The DO-stat fed-batch fermentation was carried out to explore the volumetric productivity of β-carotene in engineered Yarrowia lipolytica C11 strain. Using DO-stat fed-batch fermentation, we achieved 94 g/L biomass and 2.01 g/L β-carotene. Both biomass and β-carotene were about 1.28-fold higher than that in fed-batch fermentation. The ATP, NADP+/NADPH, and gene expression levels of tHMG, GGS1, carRA, and carB were promoted as compared to that in fed-batch fermentation. As for as the kinetic parameters in DO-stat fed-batch fermentation, μm′, Yx/s′, and Yp/s′ was 0.527, 0.353, and 0.158, respectively. The μm′ was elevated 4.66-fold than that in fed-batch fermentation. These data illustrate that more dissolved oxygen increased the biomass. The Yx/s′ and Yp/s′ were increased 1.15 and 22.57-fold, which suggest that the DO-stat fed-batch fermentation reduced the Crabtree effect and improved the utilization rate of glucose. Therefore, DO-stat fed-batch fermentation is a promising strategy in the industrialized production of β-carotene.
Modulation of functional network properties in major depressive disorder following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a resting-state EEG analysis
Authors: Hill Aron T. , Hadas Itay , Zomorrodi Reza , Voineskos Daphne , Farzan Faranak , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Blumberger Daniel M. , Daskalakis Zafiris J.
Published: October 2020

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective neuromodulatory intervention for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Presently, however, understanding of its neurophysiological effects remains incomplete. In the present study, we utilised resting-state electroencephalography (RS-EEG) to explore changes in functional connectivity, network topology, and spectral power elicited by an acute open-label course of ECT in a cohort of 23 patients with treatment-resistant MDD. RS-EEG was recorded prior to commencement of ECT and again within 48 h following each patient’s final treatment session. Our results show that ECT was able to enhance connectivity within lower (delta and theta) frequency bands across subnetworks largely confined to fronto-central channels, while, conversely, more widespread subnetworks of reduced connectivity emerged within faster (alpha and beta) bands following treatment. Graph-based topological analyses revealed changes in measures of functional segregation (clustering coefficient), integration (characteristic path length), and small-world architecture following ECT. Finally, post-treatment enhancement of delta and theta spectral power was observed, which showed a positive association with the number of ECT sessions received. Overall, our findings indicate that RS-EEG can provide a sensitive measure of dynamic neural activity following ECT and highlight network-based analyses as a promising avenue for furthering mechanistic understanding of the effects of convulsive therapies.
Covalent protein display on Hepatitis B core-like particles in plants through the in vivo use of the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system
Authors: Peyret Hadrien , Ponndorf Daniel , Meshcheriakova Yulia , Richardson Jake , Lomonossoff George P.
Published: October 2020

Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be used as nano-carriers and antigen-display systems in vaccine development and therapeutic applications. Conjugation of peptides or whole proteins to VLPs can be achieved using different methods such as the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system. Here we investigate the conjugation of tandem Hepatitis B core (tHBcAg) VLPs and the model antigen GFP in vivo in Nicotiana benthamiana. We show that tHBcAg VLPs could be successfully conjugated with GFP in the cytosol and ER without altering VLP formation or GFP fluorescence. Conjugation in the cytosol was more efficient when SpyCatcher was displayed on tHBcAg VLPs instead of being fused to GFP. This effect was even more obvious in the ER, showing that it is optimal to display SpyCatcher on the tHBcAg VLPs and SpyTag on the binding partner. To test transferability of the GFP results to other antigens, we successfully conjugated tHBcAg VLPs to the HIV capsid protein P24 in the cytosol. This work presents an efficient strategy which can lead to time and cost saving post-translational, covalent conjugation of recombinant proteins in plants.
Potential association of plasma lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species with cognitive impairment in abstinent alcohol use disorders outpatients
Authors: García-Marchena Nuria , Pizarro Nieves , Pavón Francisco J. , Martínez-Huélamo Miriam , Flores-López María , Requena-Ocaña Nerea , Araos Pedro , Silva-Peña Daniel , Suárez Juan , Santín Luis J. , de la Torre Rafael , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Serrano Antonia
Published: October 2020

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species are bioactive lipids participating in neurodevelopmental processes. The aim was to investigate whether the relevant species of LPA were associated with clinical features of alcohol addiction. A total of 55 abstinent alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients were compared with 34 age/sex/body mass index-matched controls. Concentrations of total LPA and 16:0-LPA, 18:0-LPA, 18:1-LPA, 18:2-LPA and 20:4-LPA species were quantified and correlated with neuroplasticity-associated growth factors including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-2, and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). AUD patients showed dysexecutive syndrome (22.4%) and memory impairment (32.6%). Total LPA, 16:0-LPA, 18:0-LPA and 18:1-LPA concentrations, were decreased in the AUD group compared to control group. Total LPA, 16:0-LPA, 18:2-LPA and 20:4-LPA concentrations were decreased in men compared to women. Frontal lobe functions correlated with plasma LPA species. Alcohol-cognitive impairments could be related with the deregulation of the LPA species, especially in 16:0-LPA, 18:1-LPA and 20:4-LPA. Concentrations of BDNF correlated with total LPA, 18:2-LPA and 20:4-LPA species. The relation between LPA species and BDNF is interesting in plasticity and neurogenesis functions, their involvement in AUD might serve as a biomarker of cognitive impairment.
Large photocurrent density enhancement assisted by non-absorbing spherical dielectric nanoparticles in a GaAs layer
Authors: Singh Bhaskar , Shabat Mohammed M. , Schaadt Daniel M.
Published: October 2020

Herein, we report a theoretical investigation of large photocurrent density enhancement in a GaAs absorber layer due to non-absorbing spherical dielectric (SiO2) nanoparticles-based antireflection coating. The nanoparticles are embedded in a dielectric matrix (SiN) which improves the antireflection property of SiN ($$\lambda /4$$

λ
/
4

coating) and let to pass more photons into the GaAs layer. The improvement is noticed omnidirectional and the highest is more than 100% at 85° angle of incidence with the nanoparticles’ surface filling density of 70%. Sunrise to sunset calculation of normalized photocurrent density over the course of a year have also shown improvements in the nanoparticles’ case.
Bioavailability and -accessibility of subsoil allocated 33P-labelled hydroxyapatite to wheat under different moisture supply
Authors: Wolff Jan , Hofmann Diana , Koch Maximilian , Bol Roland , Schnepf Andrea , Amelung Wulf
Published: October 2020

Information on the bioavailability and -accessibility of subsoil phosphorus (P) and how soil moisture affects its utilization by plants is scarce. The current study examined whether and to which degree wheat acquires P from subsoil allocated hydroxyapatite and how this could be affected by soil moisture. We investigated the33P uptake by growing wheat in two rhizotron trials (soil and sand) with integrated33P-labelled hydroxyapatite hotspots over a period of 44 days using digital autoradiography imaging and liquid scintillation counting. We applied two irrigation scenarios, mimicking either rainfall via topsoil watering or subsoil water storage. The plants showed similar biomass development when grown in soil, but a reduced growth in sand rhizotrons. Total plant P(tot)stocks were significantly larger in plants grown under improved subsoil moisture supply, further evidenced by enhanced P stocks in the ears of wheat in the sand treatment due to an earlier grain filling. This P uptake is accompanied by larger33P signals, indicating that the plants accessed the hydroxyapatite because subsoil irrigation also promoted root proliferation within and around the hotspots. We conclude that even within a single season plants access subsoil mineral P sources, and this process is influenced by water management.
Characterization of rock joint surface anisotropy considering the contribution ratios of undulations in different directions
Authors: Huang Man , Hong Chenjie , Ma Chengrong , Luo Zhanyou , Du Shigui
Published: October 2020

Anisotropy in rock joint is strongly dependent on undulating surface morphology. Recent research of the morphology showed the parameter can express the different types of anisotropic characteristics of the joint surface separately. This report aims to analyze the common characteristic of the anisotropic distribution and exhibit the anisotropic variation trend. The joint morphology function consists of two morphology functions of regular plane in orthogonal directions, and the anisotropic variation determined by the contribution ratios of the two morphology. The roughness weight ratio in orthogonal direction of joint surface is used as an index to describe the anisotropic variation behavior, which proposes the anisotropic variation coefficient (AVC). On this basis, it is divided into 5 levels from strong anisotropic to isotropic. According to the assumption of anisotropic arc distribution, the anisotropic analytic function is derived and the agreement between the deduced curves and measured data therefore suggests the possibility of defining the morphology anisotropy through the index AVC. Finally, we verify the characteristic of three natural rock joints, and prove the proposed function can reflect the anisotropic distribution trend. The new index can be used to describe the anisotropic variation behaviour of rock joint surfaces.
Pre-validation of a MALDI MS proteomics-based method for the reliable detection of blood and blood provenance
Authors: Kennedy Katie , Heaton Cameron , Langenburg Glenn , Cole Laura , Clark Tom , Clench Malcolm R. , Sears Vaughn , Sealey Mark , McColm Richard , Francese Simona
Published: October 2020

The reliable identification of blood, as well as the determination of its origin (human or animal) is of great importance in a forensic investigation. Whilst presumptive tests are rapid and deployed in situ, their very nature requires confirmatory tests to be performed remotely. However, only serological tests can determine blood provenance. The present study improves on a previously devised Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MALDI MS)—proteomics based method for the reliable detection of blood by enabling the determination of blood provenance. The overall protocol was developed to be more specific than presumptive tests and faster/easier than the gold standard liquid chromatography (LC) MS/MS analysis. This is considered a pre-validation study that has investigated stains and fingermarks made in blood, other biofluids and substances that can elicit a false-positive response to colorimetric or presumptive tests, in a blind fashion. Stains and marks were either untreated or enhanced with a range of presumptive tests. Human and animal blood were correctly discriminated from other biofluids and non-biofluid related matrices; animal species determination was also possible within the system investigated. The procedure is compatible with the prior application of presumptive tests. The refined strategy resulting from iterative improvements through a trial and error study of 56 samples was applied to a final set of 13 blind samples. This final study yielded 12/13 correct identifications with the 13th sample being correctly identified as animal blood but with no species attribution. This body of work will contribute towards the validation of MALDI MS based methods and deployment in violent crimes involving bloodshed.
Gfi1 upregulates c-Myc expression and promotes c-Myc-driven cell proliferation
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Dong Fan
Published: October 2020

Gfi1 is a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor that plays an important role in hematopoiesis. When aberrantly activated, Gfi1 may function as a weak oncoprotein in the lymphoid system, but collaborates strongly with c-Myc in lymphomagenesis. The mechanism by which Gfi1 collaborates with c-Myc in lymphomagenesis is incompletely understood. We show here that Gfi1 augmented the expression of c-Myc protein in cells transfected with c-Myc expression constructs. The N-terminal SNAG domain and C-terminal ZF domains of Gfi1, but not its transcriptional repression and DNA binding activities, were required for c-Myc upregulation. We further show that Gfi1 overexpression led to reduced polyubiquitination and increased stability of c-Myc protein. Interestingly, the levels of endogenous c-Myc mRNA and protein were augmented upon Gfi1 overexpression, but reduced following Gfi1 knockdown or knockout, which was associated with a decline in the expression of c-Myc-activated target genes. Consistent with its role in the regulation of c-Myc expression, Gfi1 promoted Myc-driven cell cycle progression and proliferation. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism by which Gfi1 augments the biological function of c-Myc and may have implications for understanding the functional collaboration between Gfi1 and c-Myc in lymphomagenesis.
Prevalence of dens invaginatus in young Israeli population and its association with clinical morphological features of maxillary incisors
Authors: Kfir Anda , Flaisher Salem Nurit , Natour Lobna , Metzger Zvi , Sadan Noa , Elbahary Shlomo
Published: October 2020

Dens invaginatus is an anomaly mostly observed in maxillary incisors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dens invaginatus in maxillary incisors in young Israeli population and to study its potential association with clinical coronal morphological features. Data was collected from periapical radiographs and clinical photographs of patients from Orthodontics Department between 2006 and 2018. Radiographic characteristics were evaluated and compared to clinical coronal morphological features. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson chi-square test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The sample included 1621 maxillary incisors from 547 patients. Dens invaginatus was observed in 422 (26%) of these teeth. Maxillary lateral incisors were more affected than central incisors. In 103 patients dens invaginatus was unilateral, while in all other cases it was bilateral. Unique clinical morphological characteristics were observed in 88% of the teeth that exhibited radiographic evidence of dens invaginatus. Dens invaginatus Type I was most frequently observed, accounting for 90% of the teeth. A significant association between clinical coronal morphological features and dens invaginatus was detected. Dens invaginatus is common in maxillary incisors of the study population. Several clinical morphological features may predict the presence of dens invaginatus.
Roles of drinking and diet in the U-shaped relationship between smoking and BMI in middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural adults
Authors: Pan Da , Wang Shaokang , Su Ming , Wei Jie , Wang Kai , Luo Pengfei , Smith James D. , Ma Gege , Sun Guiju
Published: October 2020

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and BMI, from the perspective of the roles of alcohol drinking and dietary factors in a rural population. We analysed cross-sectional data from 10,837 middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural adults who completed a questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and detailed smoking and drinking status. Results showed that current smokers had lower BMI and consumed foods less frequently (except coriander, onion, garlic, hawthorn and fermented bean curd) than non-smokers. The relationship between smoking amount and the risk of overweight or obesity was U-shaped, and the trends were also similar by stratum of baseline age groups (all p for interaction < 0.001). Heavy smokers tended to have drinking habits, which was associated with increased BMI (all p for trend < 0.001). Additionally, despite the lower risk of overweight or obesity for current smokers, normal weight individuals were found to have the minimum smoking amount. In conclusion, smoking may cause suppression of appetite but smokers tend to have other unhealthy habits relating to increased BMI. Dietary factors and alcohol use play important roles in the U-shaped relationship between smoking behaviours and BMI in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural population.
Mechanisms of the regulation of ester balance between oxidation and esterification in aged Baijiu
Authors: Deng Yonghui , Xiong Ayuan , Zhao Kun , Hu Yaru , Kuang Bisheng , Xiong Xiang , Yang Zhilong , Yu Yougui , Zheng Qing
Published: October 2020

The influence of oxidation and esterification on the ester balance of aged Baijiu and methodology for the rational design of liquor flavors to optimize the practice of Baijiu production are not completely understood. We investigated the influence of ester balance on the flavor compounds of aged Baijiu by conducting constituent analysis of Baijiu from different aging times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 years). The changes of the main flavor compounds in the aging process were determined, and the correlations among different chemical reactions, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and esterification, were systematically expounded. Furthermore, cluster analysis of the heat map indicated significant differences between aged Baijiu and new Baijiu and recommended a suitable aging time of 2–3 years.
Synthesis of high-quality monolayer tungsten disulfide with chlorophylls and its application for enhancing bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Yi-Wen , Shie Ming-You , Hsiao Chien-Hsuan , Liang Yu-Chun , Wang Ben , Chen I-Wen Peter
Published: October 2020

Due to the population explosion of the 21st century, nearly one billion people are over 64 years of age and bone fracture is one of the most frequent problems facing both sexes because of osteoporosis. However, difficulty in enhancing bone regeneration to repair bone fracture poses challenges and thus, a two-dimensional monolayer material (i.e. tungsten disulfide (WS2)) could be one of the candidates offering a possible solution to the problem. Here, we prepare high-quality monolayer WS2 thin sheets in a large quantity with the assistance of extracted chlorophyll molecules, the natural pigment used in photosynthesis, via a liquid-phase exfoliation method. Then, the exfoliated WS2 sheets were mixed with polycaprolactone (PCL)/calcium silicate (CS) to form a biocompatible WS2-based composite. The in vivo experiments show that the bone regeneration of the WS2-based composite was 120% superior to commercially available mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) bone cement. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the WS2-based composite exhibited ~300% enhancement over PCL/CS, which is one of the most commonly used bone regeneration materials. Our findings highlight the prospects for the composite of WS2 towards the improvement of bone regeneration applications.
A three-electrode integrated electrochemical platform based on nanoporous gold for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol with high selectivity
Authors: Wu Fanggen , Zhao Jie , Han Dongxue , Zhao Shifan , Zhu Rui , Cui Guofeng
Published: October 2020

A novel integrated electrochemical platform was built for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol.
Controlling receptor function from the extracellular vestibule of G-protein coupled receptors
Authors: Egyed Attila , Domány-Kovács Katalin , Koványi Bence , Horti Ferenc , Kurkó Dalma , Kiss Dóra Judit , Pándy-Szekeres Gáspár , Greiner István , Keserű György M.
Published: October 2020

Here we show that the functional activity and signalling of dopamine D2 and D3 receptor ligands can be fine tuned from the extracellular secondary binding pocket (SBP) located far from the signalling interface.
Interfacial CO2-mediated nanoscale oil transport: from impediment to enhancement
Authors: Moh Do Yoon , Fang Chao , Yin Xiaolong , Qiao Rui
Published: October 2020

CO2 adsorption regulates decane transport in inorganic nanopores by modulating interlayer mixing of interfacial fluids.
Reinterpreting π-stacking
Authors: Carter-Fenk Kevin , Herbert John M.
Published: October 2020

Examination of the question “is π-stacking a unique form of dispersion?” reveals that planarity, rather than aromaticity per se, facilitates especially strong interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Stability prediction of canonical and non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in various molecular environments and cells
Authors: Takahashi Shuntaro , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: October 2020

This review provides the biophysicochemical background and recent advances in stability prediction of canonical and non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in various molecular environments and cells.
A strong hydrangea-like Au–TiO2 catalyst for round-the-clock degradation of oxalic acid in the presence of ozone
Authors: Wu Ling , Zhao Zhenyue , Yu Haidong , Wang Mingxi , Li Guisheng , Li Hexing , Yan Jiabao
Published: October 2020

We report a strong hydrangea-like Au–TiO2 catalyst for round-the-clock degradation of oxalic acid by either photocatalytic ozonation or catalytic ozonation.
Polymeric room-temperature molten salt as a multifunctional additive toward highly efficient and stable inverted planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Shuangjie , Yang Bowen , Han Jian , He Ziwei , Li Tongtong , Cao Qi , Yang Jiabao , Suo Jiajia , Li Xuanhua , Liu Zhike , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Tang Chao , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: October 2020

We for the first time report the application of a polymeric room-temperature molten salt in high efficiency and excellent stability inverted perovskite solar cells.
Surface modification mediates the interaction between fullerene and lysozyme: protein structure and antibacterial activity
Authors: Bai Yitong , Wu Xian , Ouyang Peng , Shi Mengyao , Li Qun , Maimaiti Tusunniyaze , Lan Suke , Yang Sheng-Tao , Chang Xue-Ling
Published: October 2020

Hydrophilic surface modification enhanced the interaction between fullerene and lysozyme to induce more protein conformational changes and enzyme activity loss.