bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing nursing care through technology and standardized nursing language: The TEC‐MED multilingual platform
Authors: Porcel Gálvez Ana‐María , Lima‐Serrano Marta , Allande‐Cussó Regina , Costanzo‐Talarico Maria‐Giulia , García María‐Dolores Mateos , Bueno‐Ferrán Mercedes , Fernández‐García Elena , D'Agostino Fabio , Romero‐Sánchez José‐Manuel
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study describes the design, integration, and semantic interoperability process of a minimum data set using standardized nursing language in the caring module of the TEC‐MED care platform.

Methods

The caring module was developed in three phases (2020–2022): platform concept, functional design and construction, and testing and evaluation. Phases involved collaboration among academics, information technology developers, and social/healthcare professionals. Nursing taxonomies (NANDA‐I, NOC, NIC) were integrated to support the nursing process. The platform was piloted in six Mediterranean countries.

Findings

The final platform features an assessment module with eight dimensions for data collection on older adults and their caregivers. A clinical decision support system links assessment data with nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions. The platform is available in six languages (English, Spanish, French, Italian, Greek, and Arabic). Usability testing identified the need for improved Arabic language support.

Conclusions

The TEC‐MED platform is a pioneering tool using standardized nursing language to improve care for older adults in the Mediterranean. The platform's multilingualism promotes accessibility. Limitations include offline use and mobile app functionality. Pilot testing is underway to evaluate effectiveness and facilitate cross‐cultural validation of nursing taxonomies.

Implications for nursing practice

The TEC‐MED platform offers standardized nursing care for older adults across the Mediterranean, promoting consistent communication and evidence‐based practice. This approach has the potential to improve care quality and accessibility for a vulnerable population.
Experiences of pain communication in endometriosis: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Robstad Nastasja , Paulsen Anita , Vistad Ingvild , Hott Alexandra Christine , Hansen Berg Kari , Øgård‐Repål Anita , Rabben Jannicke , Wallevik Kristoffersen Eirunn , Rohde Gudrun
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Endometriosis is the leading cause of chronic pelvic pain among women. The pain associated with endometriosis significantly impacts various aspects of patients' quality of life. A notable void in the literature is the absence of a systematic review exploring pain communication between patients with endometriosis and healthcare professionals. Hence, the aim of this qualitative systematic review was to synthesize findings on how patients with endometriosis experience communicating with healthcare professionals about pain and how healthcare professionals experience these interactions.

Material and Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted related to patients with endometriosis and pain communication in CINAHL PLUS with full text and MEDLINE (via EBSCO host) on May 12, 2023, and updated January 26, 2024. Searches were supplemented by backward searching reference lists and forward searching citations of included reports in Scopus and Google Scholar. The review was guided by the four‐step meta‐synthesis methodology by Sandelowski and Barosso. Critical appraisal of included studies was conducted using Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP). Findings were analyzed thematically, using the approach described by Thomas and Harden. The meta‐synthesis was based on a registered protocol in PROSPERO (CRD 42023425430), and the study is reported adhering to the PRISMA 2020 checklist.

Results

Overall, 37 reports published from 2003 until 2023 contributed to the review, including 4842 participants. Through thematic analysis, we developed the following themes: “Navigating the double burden,” “Lack of mutual understanding,” and “The complexities of conveying pain.”

Conclusions

The communication of pain between patients with endometriosis and healthcare professionals is complex, encompassing patterns of disbelief, normalization, and psychological attribution. Engaging in discussions about pain presents diverse challenges stemming from insufficient communication skills and assessment tools. Further research is warranted to comprehensively explore the perspectives of both patients and healthcare professionals, aiming to devise strategies that enhance communication and patient care.
Intolerance of uncertainty and psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Morriss Jayne , Butler Daisy , Ellett Lyn
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Intolerance of uncertainty, the tendency to interpret and react negatively to uncertainty, is a transdiagnostic risk factor for anxiety, depression and eating‐related disorders. Given the high comorbidity between anxiety, depression and schizophrenia‐spectrum diagnoses (SSDs), there is potential for intolerance of uncertainty to play a role in modulating psychosis symptoms. To address this gap in our understanding, we conducted the first prospectively registered systematic review on intolerance of uncertainty and psychotic symptoms in both people with SSDs and in the general population.

Methods

Four databases were searched (PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and PubMed), which identified ten studies with a total of 1503 participants that measured intolerance of uncertainty and psychosis symptoms.

Results

Key findings suggest the following: (1) Intolerance of uncertainty was associated with total negative psychotic symptoms with small–medium effect sizes; (2) intolerance of uncertainty was higher in individuals with an ‘at‐risk’ mental state for psychosis compared to controls; (3) higher intolerance of uncertainty was associated with more individual psychotic symptoms related to delusions and paranoia within clinical and nonclinical samples; and (4) there was mixed evidence for a relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and auditory hallucinations and intolerance of uncertainty and total positive symptoms in clinical samples.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings highlight that intolerance of uncertainty may be an important transdiagnostic dimension and potential treatment target for psychotic symptoms such as delusions and paranoia in people with SSDs.
Outcomes among non‐Western immigrant patients and Danish‐born patients with acute myeloid Leukaemia: A Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kristensen Daniel Tuyet , Simonsen Mikkel Runason , Roug Anne Stidsholt , Marcher Claus Werenberg , Ørskov Andreas Due , Sørensen Anne Louise Tøllbøll , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer , Baech Joachim
Published: October 2024

Non‐Western immigrant patients (NWIPs) may be a vulnerable population when diagnosed and treated for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Here we report selected quality parameters related to diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of newly diagnosed AML among NWIPs (n = 119) and Danish‐born patients (DBPs) (n = 4689). No adjusted differences were observed for time‐to‐diagnosis, time‐to‐treatment, treatment allocation, rates of complete remission, early death, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and overall survival between NWIPs and DBPs. Among patients allocated for intensive chemotherapy, NWIPs were less likely to participate in clinical trials. The findings highlight equitable AML care but underscore the need to enhance NWIP participation in clinical trials.
The Role of Global Longitudinal Strain in Predicting Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling After Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery in Patients With Primary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Natalino Liem Audi , Marsam Real Kusumanjaya , Dinarti Lucia Kris , Mumpuni Hasanah , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the utility of global longitudinal strain (GLS) as a reliable parameter that can accurately forecast left ventricle reverse remodeling (LVRR) in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery for severe chronic primary mitral regurgitation (MR), thereby aiding in assessing mortality and morbidity risk.

Methods

This retrospective observational study involved severe primary MR patients who underwent valve replacement surgery between 2018 and 2023. Pre‐ and postsurgery echocardiography data were collected, with GLS measurements utilized to assess left ventricular function. Various echocardiography parameters, including MR severity and LV dimensions, were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore relationships between GLS and LVRR.

Results

This study enrolled 103 patients (54.4% male; mean age 45.4 ± 13.6 years). Statistical analyses revealed GLS to be an independent predictor of LVRR, with a threshold of −16.25% showing 89% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Each 1% increase in GLS corresponded to a 1.14‐fold (odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.31; p < 0.05) increased likelihood of LVRR.

Conclusion

These findings highlight GLS's potential as a prognostic marker for postsurgical outcomes in severe MR patients.
Hymer and the theory of the MNE: A commentary by Niels Noorderhaven
Authors: Noorderhaven Niels
Published: October 2024

The discussion of the economic theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE) in Pitelis and Piteli (2024) illuminates how different strands of thought have been developed and built upon one another. In this commentary, I focus on two aspects that remain in the shadows in Pitelis and Piteli (2024): the nature of the “international” dimension in the theory of the MNE and the social embeddedness of the MNE. More attention to these two interrelated aspects is necessary for developing a satisfactory theory of the MNE.
Skin Rejuvenation by Modulation of DNA Methylation
Authors: Grönniger Elke , Max Heiner , Lyko Frank
Published: October 2024

Skin aging is driven by a complex set of cellular pathways. Among these, epigenetic mechanisms have garnered particular attention, because of their sensitivity to environmental and lifestyle factors. DNA methylation represents the longest known and best understood epigenetic mechanism. We explain how DNA methylation might function as an interface between the environment and the genome of human skin. Exposures to different environmental factors and lifestyles are known to modulate age‐related methylation patterns, as illustrated by their effect on DNA methylation clocks. Human skin provides a particularly well‐suited tissue for understanding age‐related methylation changes and it has been shown recently that modulation of DNA methylation can induce skin rejuvenation. We explain how the use of mildly demethylating agents can be safeguarded to ensure the specific removal of age‐related DNA methylation changes. We also identify important areas of future research, leading to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive epigenetic aging and to the development of further refined intervention strategies.
Histomorphometric analysis of excisional cutaneous wounds with different diameters in an animal model
Authors: Staianov Janiele , Struz Jeiciele Mayara Rodrigues , Vieira Rafaela Viana , Luiz Rafael Messias , Zarpelon‐Schutz Ana Carla , Teixeira Kádima Nayara , Bernardi‐Wenzel Juliana
Published: October 2024

The skin wound model in rats is a fundamental stage in preclinical trials, but there is a lack of standardization in these trials regarding the initial wound area, making analysis and comparison between studies difficult. Therefore, this study evaluates the healing progression of excisional skin lesions of varying diameters in Wistar rats, aiming to identify the optimal wound size for monitoring treatment effects on wound healing. Excisions of 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 cm in diameter were made on the back of the animals. Thirty animals were used per treatment and evaluated on days 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after surgery. The lesions were cleaned daily with saline solution until they were completely closed. The 0.8 cm group showed complete repair on D14, while in the other groups, the wounds persisted until day 21, with a reddened surface and no complete epidermal coverage, but with greater keratinization and presence of appendages in the 1.5 cm lesions. Therefore, as a standardization model for creating skin wounds, we suggest using 1.5 or 2.0 cm excisions, considering that 0.8 cm wounds close very early and 3.0 cm wounds, although behaving similarly to 2.0 cm wounds, are more invasive for the animals. The 1.5 cm model proved to be suitable for closure within 21 days. When evaluating a product intended to accelerate wound healing, 2.0 cm lesions are recommended to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.
What is the identity of Gerota fascia? Histological study with cadavers
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Edamura Kohei , Sadahira Takuya , Tominaga Yusuke , Katayama Satoshi , Iwata Takehiro , Nishimura Shingo , Kobayashi Tomoko , Sato Keita , Komiyama Takaaki , Momota Ryusuke , Ohuchi Hideyo , Araki Motoo
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The advancement of laparoscopic surgery has allowed surgeons to see finer anatomical structures during surgery. As a result, several issues have arisen regarding Gerota fascia that cannot be explained by previous interpretations, such as its various forms observed during surgery. To address these issues, we histologically examined the structure of Gerota fascia.

Methods

Specimens for study were prepared from kidneys with Gerota fascia from four cadavers, and the structure was studied histologically. Its thickness and collagen fiber area ratios were measured using ImageJ and compared to those of the epimysium of the rectus abdominis muscle.

Results

Connective tissue that appeared to be Gerota fascia was observed in 26 specimens. Histologically, the basic structure of Gerota fascia was a sandwich‐like structure with a thin layer of thick, long collagen fibers in the central layer, and small granular collagen fibers scattered at the edges. However, not all areas observed had a similar structure; eight specimens were composed only of small granular collagen fibers. The average thickness of the Gerota fascia was 466 μm, and the area ratio of collagen was 27.1%. In contrast, the epimysium was much thicker than Gerota fascia, and its collagen fibers were much thicker and denser.

Conclusions

Gerota fascia, unlike the epimysium, was a very thin and fragile layer of collagen fibers, and its structure was diverse. This explains why Gerota fascia was observed in various states during surgery. It is important for surgeons to understand the properties of Gerota fascia and to treat it appropriately.
Dislocation‐induced local symmetry reduction in single‐crystal KNbO3 observed by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Drechsler Felix , Himcinschi Cameliu , Preuß Oliver , Fang Xufei , Kortus Jens
Published: October 2024

In recent years, dislocation‐tuned functionalized ceramics have become one of the focal points of modern materials research due to their outstanding properties. These range from improved electrical conductivity and ferroelectric properties to dislocation‐enhanced toughening and superconductivity, caused by local strain fields. The aim of this work is to investigate the dislocation‐induced structural changes in single‐crystal KNbO3 by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Dislocation‐rich regions with tailored densities have been generated using the Brinell indenter scratching method. The influence of the dislocations on the single‐crystal structure can be observed in the Raman spectra. The activation of additional Raman modes is observed, which does not occur in regions of low dislocation density. This observation is confirmed by DFT calculations of vibrational modes and is attributed to a reduction in the crystal symmetry due to increased defect densities in plastically deformed KNbO3. In addition, an increase in compressive stress at higher dislocation densities can be demonstrated by a blueshift in Raman mode positions.
Influence of BN microstructure on oxidation of SiC/BN/SiC composites
Authors: Christensen Victoria L. , Gavalda‐Diaz Oriol , Skillett Ryan , Prentice Calvin , Begley Matthew R. , Zok Frank W.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effects of boron nitride (BN) coating characteristics on the subsurface oxidation behavior of SiC/SiC composites in high‐temperature, water‐rich environments. Three types of coatings were examined: a crystalline stoichiometric BN, an amorphous BN, and a Si‐doped amorphous BN, the latter two containing 5–10 at% of oxygen and carbon. High‐resolution imaging and chemical analysis techniques were used to probe microstructural changes after oxidation at 1000°C for 1 or 12 h in flowing 20 vol% H2O, focusing on effects of coating thickness. Complementary chemical thermodynamic calculations and models for reaction‐ and transport‐controlled recession were used to interpret the experimental findings. Crystalline BN coatings produce open recession channels without forming borosilicate glass, a consequence of carbothermal reduction arising from C/CO produced through concomitant SiC oxidation. The combination of active oxidation and the relatively thick coatings in this system (ca. 1 µm) leads to a recession rate controlled by the intrinsic BN volatilization rate rather than the rate of gas transport. In contrast, amorphous coatings, both undoped and Si‐doped, readily oxidize to form borosilicate glasses that replace the BN. Broadly, the recession lengths increase with coating thickness. In the early stages, while the glass is boria‐rich and thus permeable to environmental oxidants, recession is controlled by the BN oxidation rate. As boria volatilizes, the silica concentration in the glass increases, eventually reaching the saturation limit and precipitating solid silica on the internal surfaces, essentially arresting further recession.
Kahoot! Game‐based digital learning platform: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Özdemir Osman
Published: October 2024

Background

In recent years, the widespread use of technology in classrooms has encouraged the transition from traditional lecture methods to digital‐based learning environments. Technological game‐based learning platforms, such as Kahoot!, which are used to encourage students' active participation and interaction in learning environments, are used significantly by teachers and students in educational environments worldwide.

Objectives

This article aims to examine the effects of Kahoot, a digital learning platform, on education through meta‐analysis. This meta‐analysis provides a holistic understanding of the potential impact of Kahoot on education by synthesizing the results of various experimental studies. This study evaluates the influence of Kahoot on key educational variables, such as academic achievement, retention, motivation, anxiety and attitude, which are essential for enhancing teaching methods and optimizing learning environments.

Methods

The study conducted a meta‐analysis following the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA). A total of 43 studies that met the specified criteria were included in the sample, providing a comprehensive overview of the impact of Kahoot across different contexts. The sample was n = 1706 for the experimental group and n = 1647 for the control group.

Results and Conclusion

The findings from the meta‐analysis indicate that Kahoot has a significant moderate positive effect on academic achievement, with an average effect size of 0.772 (95%CI: 0.540–1.004). The analysis also shows a very large positive effect on retention, with an average effect size of 1.492, suggesting that students using Kahoot tend to have significantly higher retention compared with those who do not. For motivation, Kahoot demonstrates a large positive effect, with an average effect size of 0.960, indicating that students using Kahoot tend to be more motivated. The impact on anxiety is less clear, with a small negative effect size of −0.338, suggesting a moderate reduction in anxiety levels among students using Kahoot. Lastly, Kahoot appears to have a medium positive effect on students' attitudes towards learning, with an average effect size of 0.678.

Takeaways

These results underscore the potential of Kahoot as an effective educational tool. The results of this study provide valuable guiding information for educators and policy makers by helping to optimize teaching methods and learning environments through the effective use of digital tools, such as Kahoot. The findings suggest that Kahoot can increase academic achievement, retention, motivation and attitudes and potentially reduce anxiety, making it a promising digital tool for modern educational practice.
The compassionate care framework plus quality control group improves the quality of postoperative nursing management for patients in anorectal surgery: An observational study
Authors: Li Peiyao , Liu Jieping , Li Dan , Wang Lin , Yu Guoshuang
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the joint application of the compassionate care framework (CCF) and a quality control (QC) team in improving the quality of postoperative nursing management for patients in anorectal surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent anorectal surgery at the China–Japan Friendship Hospital between May 2022 and December 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. A digital random generator was used for random grouping. The odd numbers entered the control group (n = 53) and the even numbers entered the study group (n = 53). The control group received postoperative traditional nursing, and the study group received postoperative nursing and QC team management. A questionnaire survey was used to analyse patients' satisfaction with nursing. The two groups were compared for nursing quality scores, patient satisfaction with nursing care and incidence of complications.

Results

After management, compared with the control group, the study group scored significantly higher for the nursing process, environmental management, emergency response and safety protection (p < 0.05 for all). The study group also exhibited higher satisfaction scores with the nursing process, nurse‐patient relationship and service attitude compared with the control group (p < 0.05 for all). The complication incidence rate in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The combined use of the CCF and a QC team can effectively improve the quality of postoperative nursing management for patients in anorectal surgery, reduce the incidence of complications and enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care, thus holding significant potential for wider application.
The effect of social support and parental monitoring on glycaemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aydın Ayla İrem , Öztaş Gülay , Atak Meryem , Özyazıcıoğlu Nurcan , Sağlam Halil
Published: October 2024

Rationale

Glycaemic control is a crucial aspect of managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Strict glycaemic control has been proven to reduce the long‐term complications of the disease.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parental involvement in diabetes care and social support on glycaemic control in adolescents with T1DM.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 94 adolescents and their parents admitted to a university hospital between January and July 2023 were included in the study. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (PMDC‐R) and Parental Monitoring Scale (MSPSS) in Diabetes Care of Adolescents with T1DM were used as data collection tools.

Results

Females constituted 63.8% of the adolescents who participated in the study and the glycaemic control of females was significantly lower than males (p < 0.05). The mean HbA1c of the adolescents was 8.65 + 1.57. In the study, PMDC‐R and MSPSS scores of adolescents with good and poor glycaemic control were compared. The PMDC‐R of the good control group were statistically significantly higher than the poor control group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the MSPSS scores.

Conclusion

Parental supervision plays a protective role in adolescents, and glycaemic control is better as parental supervision increases. Paediatric nurses should collaborate with parents in diabetes management. This approach may help adolescents to be more successful in diabetes management.
Ensemble approach for predicting the diagnosis of osteoarthritis using physical activity factors
Authors: Gwak Gyeong‐tae , Kim Jun‐hee , Hwang Ui‐jae , Jung Sung‐hoon
Published: October 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease of the joints. Risk factors for OA include non‐modifiable factors such as age and sex, as well as modifiable factors like physical activity.

Objectives

this study aimed to construct a soft voting ensemble model to predict OA diagnosis using variables related to individual characteristics and physical activity and identify important variables in constructing the model through permutation importance.

Methods

By using the recursive feature elimination, cross‐validated technique, the variables with the best predictive performance were selected among variables, and an ensemble model combining RandomForest, XGBoost, and LightGBM algorithms was constructed. The predictive performance and permutation importance of each variable were evaluated.

Results

The variables selected to construct the model were age, sex, grip strength, and quality of life, and the accuracy of the ensemble model was 0.828. The most important variable in constructing the model was age (0.199), followed by grip strength (0.053), quality of life (0.043), and sex (0.034).

Conclusion

The performance of the model for predicting OA was relatively good. If this model is continuously used and updated, it could be used to predict OA diagnosis, and the predictive performance of the OA model may be further improved.
Emotions and difficulties experienced by parents of children with autism: A qualitative study
Authors: Uysal Gülzade , Karakul Atiye , Düzkaya Duygu Sönmez
Published: October 2024

Rationale

This study was performed to determine the difficulties experienced by the parents of children with autism.

Methods

A qualitative method was used to determine the difficulties experienced by the parents. The sample of the study consisted of parents with 24 children with autism who met the inclusion criteria. The data were analysed by the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis programme in accordance with Colaizzi's seven‐stage method.

Results

Total of 5 themes and 29 codes were gathered in line with the data obtained from the interviews. Five main themes of the interviews emerged; emotions experienced by parents; adaptation to family life; difficulty in social relationships; limited opportunity for entertainment/activity and financial difficulty. Parents whose income were less than or equal to their expenses particularly stated that they had economic difficulties in the transportation of their children to places such as hospitals/schools/special education.

Conclusion

In accordance with the findings of this study, it was determined that almost all of the parents with a child diagnosed with autism experienced sadness, denial, shock, depression, self‐blame in the period when their children were first diagnosed, and later accepted the disease. In addition, it was detected that parents had difficulties in family relations, social relations, entertainment/activity and economic aspects.
The Pathology and Blood Biochemistry of Juvenile Lates calcarifer on Diets Contaminated With Mycotoxins, Histamines and Rancid Fats—A Case Study
Authors: Kwok Aidan , Domingos Jose A. , Oh Joseph , Chan Piero , Ong Joyce J. L. , Nankervis Leo , Ling Jeffrey , Nichol Robert , Gibson‐Kueh Susan
Published: October 2024

Mycotoxins, originating from contaminated raw materials or suboptimal feed storage, are a growing concern in tropical aquaculture. Common fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. produce mycotoxins including aflatoxin, fumonisin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. High doses or prolonged exposure (weeks) to low doses of these mycotoxins (< 20 μg/kg) can depress growth, immunity, and cause mortality. This study investigated poor growth and low survival in juvenile Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer fed two different diets (FM40 and ABS3) for 5 weeks. Analysis of these diets revealed high peroxide values, multiple mycotoxins and high histamine levels. Fish fed the FM40 diet, which was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (13.2 μg/kg), aflatoxin B2 (1.9 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (29.5 μg/kg), alternariol (2.2 μg/kg), elevated peroxide value (45.91 mEq/kg), and histamine (129.51 mg/kg) developed mild bile duct hyperplasia, depressed total serum proteins (50.40 ± 10.06 g/L), markedly elevated blood potassium (8.2 ± 0.18 mmol/L), and heavy iron deposits in splenic melanomacrophage centres (Perl's stain) indicative of increased haemolysis. The presence of multiple cytotoxic mycotoxins in FM40 diet could explain the increased haemolysis and elevated blood potassium. In contrast, fish fed the ABS3 diet, which had high histamine levels (210.05 mg/kg), exhibited protein‐losing nephropathy with multifocal fibrin plugs (Martius scarlet blue stain) indicating acute renal damage, and elevated blood calcium and phosphorus levels. Histamine is metabolised and excreted through the kidneys and known to induce renal arteriolar constriction, disrupt glomerular filtration barrier and increase permeability resulting in protein loss. This study shows that blood biochemistry and histopathology are useful diagnostic tools for assessing the impact of mycotoxins and histamines on fish health.
“Running on goodwill and fairydust” – Midwives' experiences of facilitating and delivering local breastfeeding support via Facebook groups: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Morse Holly , Brown Amy , Grant Aimee
Published: October 2024

Background

Facebook groups providing breastfeeding support are widespread. Some are created and/or facilitated by midwives, but little is known about their motivations or experiences. The present study aimed to examine how midwives involved in providing breastfeeding support via local Breastfeeding support Facebook (BSF) groups perceive the value of this provision and their experiences of creating these services and engaging with mothers online.

Methods

Participants were recruited through Facebook advertising and snowballing techniques. UK registered midwives with experience of providing breastfeeding support via Facebook groups were eligible. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted using Microsoft Teams/Zoom with nine midwives between July and September 2021. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.

Results

Three themes, each with three subthemes, were identified: (1) Imperatives and Value; (2) Goodwill & Lack of Resources; and (3) Community of Practice. Theme 1 described groups as necessary for meeting current mothers' needs and improving low breastfeeding rates. Theme 2 highlighted that BSF groups rely on voluntary work by midwives and peer supporters, with sustainability and recognition of their efforts being major concerns. Theme 3 showed that BSF groups function as communities of practice, offering social learning opportunities and benefits for midwives.

Conclusions

Midwives became involved in delivering online support motivated by a belief in the value of this provision, but acted as volunteers and felt unsupported by wider services. This has impacts for the sustainability of this provision regardless of its value. However, midwives reported significant benefits from involvement. Thus, there is a need for services to provide additional guidance and investment.
Determinants of stunting among children under 5 years in Bangladesh: a quantile regression analysis
Authors: Badhan Taib Hasan , Zahangir Mohammad Salim , Hoq Mohammad Nazmul
Published: October 2024

Background

Child undernutrition is a major public health problem in developing countries that contributes to increased incidence of morbidity and mortality. Stunting is a valid and widely acknowledged measure of chronic child malnutrition.

Methods

This study extracted data of 7778 under‐5 children from the 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey and aims to explore the relationship between socio‐demographic factors and the nutritional status of children under the age of 5. The anthropometric indicator height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ) was used as the target variable. The quantile regression method was employed to examine the heterogeneous relationship between the covariates and the conditional HAZ distribution across five different quantiles.

Results

This study found that 31.4% of children were severely to moderately stunted and a negative association between children's age and their HAZ. Additionally, children whose mothers had attained at least a secondary education exhibited a positive correlation with their HAZ. Another important factor was the mother's body mass index, which had a two‐fold effect on the HAZ. Among the administrative divisions, children from the Sylhet division exhibited a negative association with the HAZ. Additionally, children with a high wealth index exhibited a positive association with the HAZ.

Conclusions

Collaborative efforts from different organisations, as well as small and large communities in rural and urban areas, are necessary to improve nutritional status of children in Bangladesh.
Sulfur metabolism under stress: Oxidized glutathione inhibits methionine biosynthesis by destabilizing the enzyme cystathionine γ‐synthase
Authors: Hacham Yael , Kaplan Alex , Cohen Elad , Gal Maayan , Amir Rachel
Published: October 2024

Cysteine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of glutathione, a key stress‐protective metabolite, and methionine, which is imperative for cell growth and protein synthesis. The exact mechanism that governs the routing of cysteine toward glutathione or methionine during stresses remains unclear. Our study reveals that under oxidative stress, methionine and glutathione compete for cysteine and that the increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels under stress hinder methionine biosynthesis. Moreover, we find that inhibition occurs as GSSG binds to and accelerates the degradation of cystathionine γ‐synthase, a key enzyme in the methionine synthesis pathway. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in the flux toward methionine‐derived metabolites and redirects cysteine utilization toward glutathione, thereby enhancing plant protection. Our study suggests a novel regulatory feedback loop involving glutathione, methionine, and cysteine, shedding light on the plant stress response and the adaptive rerouting of cysteine. These findings offer new insights into the intricate balance of growth and protection in plants and its impact on their nutritional value due to low methionine levels under stress.
Influence of parental mediation and social skills on adolescents' use of online video games for escapism: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Commodari Elena , Consiglio Arianna , Cannata Martina , La Rosa Valentina Lucia
Published: October 2024

The widespread use of video games among adolescents has raised concerns about their impact on psychological and social development. This study aimed to assess the effects of different types of parental mediation on adolescents' tendency to use video games to avoid negative emotions and determine the relationship between adolescents' interpersonal skills and their reliance on online video games for escapism. Participants were 452 adolescents from 15 middle and high schools. Data on sociodemographic information, gaming habits, parental control of online gaming, interpersonal skills, and reasons for playing online games were also collected. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the data, with online video game escapism as the dependent variable. Results supported the study's hypothesis that both parental mediation and adolescent interpersonal skills significantly predict the use of online video games for escapism. Higher levels of parental monitoring were associated with a lower tendency of adolescents to use video games to escape negative emotions, while parental mediation supporting autonomy showed a similar but weaker protective effect. At the same time, parental monitoring was also found to be associated with lower interpersonal skills, notably higher impulsivity, narcissism, and stress in social situations. In addition, adolescents with higher levels of impulsivity were more likely to use video games for escapism. These findings highlight the importance of balanced parental involvement and the development of adolescents' social skills to mitigate the risks of problematic online gaming. Interventions should promote effective parental mediation strategies and enhance adolescents' interpersonal skills to reduce their tendency to use video games as a coping mechanism for real‐life challenges. Effective parental mediation and improved interpersonal skills are critical for promoting healthier gaming habits and reducing adolescent escapism.
Risk factors for neonatal admission from the beginning of pregnancy in Northeast Spain
Authors: Nagore González Carlos , Bueno Lozano Olga , Valle Guillén Sofía , Samper Villagrasa María Pilar , Ventura Faci Purificación , Rodríguez Martínez Gerardo
Published: October 2024

Aim

Maternal health and gestational control are crucial to improving the newborn's prognosis. This study analyses demographic and obstetric factors at the beginning of pregnancy related to neonatal health, assessing their impact on the risk of hospital admission and prematurity.

Methods

Observational retrospective study conducted in Northeast Spain with data of 9560 newborns between February 2017 and February 2022. The following have been evaluated as risk factors for hospital admission: nulliparity, multiple gestation, fertilisation techniques, foreign maternal origin, maternal age, smoking and residential location, dividing the sample according to gestational age. Hypothesis testing and logistic regression were performed.

Results

Nulliparity, fertilisation techniques and multiple gestation represent a risk factor for neonatal admission (OR 22.48, 4.04 and 3.34, respectively), especially in premature newborns <32 weeks of GA (OR: 30.71, 10.71 and 22.76, respectively). Foreign maternal origin also adds risk of admission, both in term newborns (OR 1.26; CI: 1.10–1.43) and in premature babies <32 weeks of GA (OR 1.61; CI: 1.09–2.38). Tobacco does not present a significant risk of neonatal admission. The multivariate analysis model confirms the influence of the following factors in all the studied groups: nulliparity, multiple gestation and foreign maternal origin.

Conclusions

Nulliparity and multiple pregnancies are both main risk factors for neonatal admission and premature delivery. The use of fertilisation techniques and the foreign origin of the mother significantly associate increased risk of admission and neonatal prematurity. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to prenatal care to improve neonatal prognosis and promote long‐term health in risk populations.
Time to positivity of blood cultures in paediatric patients
Authors: Kong Catrin Kar Yee , Tan Natalie Woon Hui , Nadua Karen Donceras , Kam Kai‐Qian , Li Jiahui , Thoon Koh Cheng , Yung Chee Fu , Maiwald Matthias , Chong Chia Yin
Published: October 2024

Aim

Continuous monitoring of blood culture (BC) systems allows rapid detection of microbial growth. We aimed to determine differences in time to positivity (TTP) in BACTEC BC between organisms and whether a 36‐h period was sufficient to detect all relevant pathogenic bacteria for children admitted to a tertiary care paediatric hospital.

Methods

This was a retrospective audit of positive aerobic (AE) and anaerobic (AN) BC from paediatric inpatients with available TTP from 1 August 2016 to 2 January 2019. First positive BC per bacteraemia episode was analysed.

Results

Overall, 649 BC were positive, of which 480 first positive BC were analysed: 246 AE (51.3%) only, 216 paired (45%) (108 AE and 108 AN) and 18 AN (3.8%) only. There were 372 episodes of bacteraemia in 340 patients. Median age was 19 months (interquartile range (IQR): 1.25–60). Median TTP for AE and AN cultures was 13.20 (IQR: 9.84–18.48) and 13.92 h (IQR: 10.32–17.04), respectively. Organisms were GNR 49.7%, GPC 29.6%, contaminants 14.5%, mixed 3.0%, other 2.4% and yeast 0.8%. Streptococcus agalactiae had the fastest median TTP in AE and AN cultures, followed by Escherichia coli (AE 8.88 vs. 10.20 h). For paired AE and AN cultures, TTP was faster for AE versus AN cultures (13.36 vs. 14.52 h, P = 0.001). A 36‐h cut‐off time captured 97.7% AE BC and 99.1% AN BC with pathogens, and 86.5% AE BC and 91.7% AN BC with contaminants, respectively.

Conclusions

GNR were the commonest pathogens in paediatric BC and faster growth was detected in AE versus AN cultures. By 36 h, >97.7% of BC were positive for pathogens versus 86.5% for contaminants.
Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Hybrid Rye Ground to Two Particle Sizes and Fed With or Without Multienzyme Supplement to Young Growing Pigs
Authors: Song Jichen , Heuer Claus H. , Patterson Rob , Nyachoti Charles M.
Published: October 2024

A newly developed hybrid rye with enhanced ergot resistance has potential as an alternative energy source for pigs. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of particle size (PS) and multienzyme supplement (MES) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hybrid rye fed to growing pigs. Bono and Gatano, two hybrid rye varieties, were ground to either a coarse (1111 and 1210 μm) or a fine (594 and 717 μm) PS using a hammer mill. Eighteen ileal‐cannulated barrows (initial BW = 18.2 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a replicated 9 × 3 incomplete Latin square design to give six observations per treatment. Among the nine experimental diets, eight featured two hybrid rye varieties (Bono or Gatano), either coarsely or finely ground, as the only source of AA with or without MES, while an N‐free diet was used to estimate the endogenous losses of AA at the distal ileum. All diets contained titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. Each period lasted 9 days, with the first 5 days being for adaptation followed by 2 days each for faecal and ileal digesta collection. Data were analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with the final model having variety, PS, MES, their two‐way interactions, and a three‐way interaction. No interactions were noted except that the apparent ileal digestibility and SID of crude protein (CP) and most AA in Gatano had greater effects of MES than Bono (Variety × MES; p < 0.05). The ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and CP were greater (p < 0.05) in Bono diets than in Gatano diets. Finely ground hybrid rye diets had higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fibre assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed inclusive of residual ash (NDF) and ether extract compared to coarsely ground hybrid rye diets. Dietary MES supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, acid detergent fibre expressed inclusive of residual ash, and ash in hybrid rye diets. In conclusion, the nutrients digestibility of hybrid rye can be affected by its variety. PS reduction improved the nutrient digestibility in hybrid rye, and MES supplementation improved the energy and AA digestibility in hybrid rye fed to growing pigs.
Neosporosis in 21 adult dogs, 2010‐2023
Authors: Kennedy Alexandra , White Joanna D. , Child Georgina
Published: October 2024

Background

Limited information is available regarding the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of neosporosis in adult dogs.

Objective

Describe the clinical signs, laboratory findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, treatment and outcome in adult dogs (>6 months) diagnosed with neosporosis based on consistent clinical signs and positive serology (titer ≥1 : 800) at a referral hospital in Sydney, Australia.

Animals

Twenty‐one client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Retrospective case series of affected dogs between 2010 and 2023. Survival times were determined from onset of clinical signs to date of death or censoring.

Results

Clinical signs varied, and were indicative of generalized myopathy (6 dogs), multifocal intracranial disease (7 dogs), myelopathy (4 dogs), polyneuropathy (2 dogs) and single cases of focal myopathy and cerebellar disease. Serum creatine kinase activity was markedly increased (median, 3369 U/L) in most dogs. The most common MRI abnormalities were multifocal intracranial abnormalities (7/13 dogs) and muscle changes (5/13 dogs) whereas T2‐weighted cerebellar abnormalities (2/13 dogs) and cerebellar atrophy (1/13) were less common. Treatment response was complete (resolution to normal) in 8 dogs, incomplete (persistent neurological deficits) in 6 dogs, but there was minimal response in 7 dogs. Thirteen dogs (62%) were alive after 6 months and 12 dogs (57%) alive after 1 year. Relapse was common, with 4 dogs experiencing at least 1 relapse event during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Adult‐onset neosporosis is uncommon and has variable clinical presentations. Treatment response also is variable, and relapse can occur, even among patients that respond completely to initial treatment.
Strong nestedness and turnover effects on stand productivity in a long‐term forest biodiversity experiment
Authors: Zhang Lan , Schmid Bernhard , Bongers Franca J. , Li Shan , von Oheimb Goddert , Ma Keping , Liu Xiaojuan
Published: October 2024

Multispecies planting is an important approach to deliver ecosystem functions in afforestation projects. However, the importance of species richness vs specific species composition in this context remains unresolved.

To estimate species or functional group richness and compositional change between two communities, we calculated nestedness, where one community contains a subset of the species of another, and turnover, where two communities differ in species composition but not in species richness. We evaluated the effects of species/functional group nestedness and turnover on stand productivity using 315 mixed plots from a pool of 40 tree species in a large forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China.

We found that the greater the differences in species or functional group nestedness and turnover, the greater the differences in stand productivity between plots. Additionally, the strong effects of both nestedness and turnover on stand productivity developed over the 11‐yr observation period.

Our results indicate that selection of specific tree species is as important as planting a large number of species to support the productivity function of forests. Furthermore, the selection of specific tree species should be based on functionality, because beneficial effects of functional group composition were stronger than those of species composition.