bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some fragmentary plant remains from the Lower Triassic of Auranga Valley, District Palamau
Authors: Bose M.N. , Banerji J.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with some Lower Triassic megafossils collected from two different exposures in Auranga valley, District Palamau. The fossils were obtained mainly near Deobar Village. From here Trizygia speciosa, Schizoneura gondwanensis, Glossopteris angustifolia, G. communis, G. indica, Vertebraria indica, ?Noeggerathiopsis sp., Dicroidium sp. and some other fragmentary plants have been reported. In addition, a few detached ?pinnules with cuticle like that of Lepidopteris have been described from Sukri River rear Tubed.
Microbiota from the Suket shales Ramapura Vindhyan system (Late Pre-cambrian) Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Maithy P.K. , Shukla M.
Published: September 2022

A comprehensive account of microbiota comprising of algae, fungi and acritarchs are described from the Suket Shales of Ramapura, Madhya Pradesh (Semri Series, Vindhyan System) along with a critical study on the disc-shape impressions or compressions earlier described under Fermoria Chapman. The study shows that these disc-shape forms, Fermoria are either remains of colonial algae or acritarchs (Tasmanites, Nucellosphaeridium etc.). A comparison of Suket Shale microbiota with the known Pre-cambrian microbiota shows that a Late Pre-cambrian age can be assigned to these beds.
Stratigraphy and Palynology of the Tura Formation in the type area: Part II - (Descriptive Palynology)
Authors: Singh R.Y.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the spores and pollen grains recovered from the various geological sections of the Tura Formation exposed in Garo Hills. The palynological assemblage comprises 88 species assignable to 51 genera. Out of these, 12 species belonging to 9 genera are new. The assemblage is dominated by angiosperms comprising monocolpate, dicolpate, tricolpate, tricolporate polycolpate, polycolporate, monoporate, triporate and panporate pollen. Pteridophytic spores are less in number.
Palaeobotanical evidence for the presence of Karharbari Stage in the Auranga Coalfield, Bihar: Megaflora
Authors: Srivastava A.K.
Published: September 2022

A good assemblage of Karharbari plant fossils has been recovered for the first time from Lower Gondwana beds of Auranga Coalfield, Bihar. The assemblage is characterised by the presence of Neomariopteris (N. hughesi), Gangamopteris (G. cyclopteroides, G. clarkeana), Glossopteris (G. damudica, G. communis), Vertebraria (V. indica), Noeggerathiopsis (N. densinervis), Euryphyllum (E. whittianum) and Samaropsis (S. ganjrensis).

The flora compares closely with the known Karharbari assemblages of India.
On two new fossil resembling Chrysophyllum and Holoptelea from the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry
Authors: Awasthi N.
Published: September 2022

Two new fossil woods have been described from the Cuddalore Series near Pondicherry. One of these shows closest resemblance with the woods of Chrysophyllum L. of Sapotaceae and the other with that of Holoptelea of Ulmaceae. These have been named as Chrysophylloxylon pondicherriense gen. et sp. nov. and Holopteleoxylon indicum gen. et sp. nov. respectively.
Palynological studies in the Lower Karroo of Rhodesia and the republic of South Africa
Authors: Chandra Shaila , Kar R.K. , Lacey W.S.
Published: September 2022

Twenty-four samples from Lower Karroo deposits in Rhodesia, Malawi, Mocambique and the Republic of South Africa, ranging in age from Middle Ecca to Lower Beaufort (Lower to Upper Permian) were macerated for palynological investigation. Seven samples yielded identifiable miospores and these are systematically described. They include 76 species comprising 45 spore-pollen genera, 13 belonging to triletes, 3 to monoletes, 2 to aletes, 10 to monosaccates, 5 to nonstriate bisaccates, 10 to striate-bisaccates and 1 each to polyplicates and monocolpates. Two new genera, viz., Surangeaspora and Sahialetes, and 12 new species are established (Leiotriletes giganticus, Lophotriletes robustus, Leschikisporis verrucosus, Surangeaspora coniata, S. densa, Zonareticulatisporis reticulata, Laevigatosporites longus, Sahialetes cephalus, S. minutus, Platysaccus monosaccoidus, Cuneatisporites juxtasaccus and Strotersporites longus). All 7 assemblages are dominated by bisaccates; pteridophytic spores represented by triletes and monoletes rank second. Monosaccates are ill-represented in all but one sample and aletes, polyplicates and monocolpates are rarely encountered. The palynological assemblages of the 7 samples are compared with other Gondwana assemblages from Africa and India.
Three new fern fronds from the Glossopteris flora of India
Authors: Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

A new species of Neomariopteris and a new species of Dichotomopteris is recorded. In addition to this a new genus Santhalea is instituted.
Cuticular studies of the reproductive organs of Glossopteris. Part IV - Venustostrobus indicus sp. nov.
Authors: Chandra Shaila , Surange K.R.
Published: September 2022

A new species of Venustostrobus, V. indicus has been described in this paper. The female reproductive organ was preserved as carbonized compression under a long and narrow Glossopteris leaf to which it was attached. In order to study the fructification, three successive cellulose acetate pulls were taken. The first removed the leaf, the second removed the seeds, receptacle and a part of the protective bract, and the third pull removed the carbonized crust of only the bract. Cuticular structure of all these parts are described. Venustostrobus indicus is distinct from the other species, Venustostrobus diademus, in the leaf of Glossopteris to which it is attached and in the detailed structure of the bract, receptacle and the seeds. By taking out successive pulls it becomes clear that the bract and the seed bearing receptacle are two distinct and separate organs and that the receptacle occupies a position in between the leaf and the protective bract. Thus this study supports the interpretation we have given earlier to the multiovulate female reproductive organ of Glossopteris.
Some scale leaves and sporangia from the Raniganj coalfield, India
Authors: Chandra Shaila , Surange K.R.
Published: September 2022

Two types of fertile scales are described. One is Eretmonia type and the other is placed under a new genus Scirroma. Two species are described under Scirroma, S. ventilebra and S. angusta. Cuticles of all the three fertile scales are described. Further details of the sporangium Arberiella vulgaris Pant & Nautiyal are given.
About the Middle Asia Jurassic flora
Authors: Gomolitzky N.P. , Khudaiberdyev R.Kh.
Published: September 2022

The Jurassic flora of Middle Asia is widely spread. In this region the deposits of the Lower part of Lower Jurassic, Upper part of Lower Jurassic, Aalenian-Bajocian and Bajocian-Bathonian containing fossil plants are known. In these Jurassic deposits the higher plants are represented by lycopods, horsetails, ferns and gymnosperms.
A reconstruction of Equisetum columnare and notes on its elator bearing spores
Authors: Harris Tom M.
Published: September 2022

The aerial stem of Equisetum columnare differs from that of Recent species in being smooth and in possessing separate subepidermal fibres instead of collenchymatous ribs. Its spores, however, have similar elators.

A restoration of the whole plant brings several point of uncertainty to notice, in particular where the cones were borne. It places parts known as separate fragments in particular positions and assigns their functions. This is done in the hope that directed search might demonstrate their nature and position.
Asterotheca golondrinensis n. sp. from the Lower Permian Golondrina Series of the Bajo de La Leona, Santa Cruz, Argentina
Authors: Herbst Rafael
Published: September 2022

Asterotheca golondrinensis n. sp. is the new name proposed for fertile material of Pecopteris unita Bgt. from the Lower Permian Golondrina Series of Santa Cruz province, Patagonia, Argentina. European specimens known as Pecopteris unita Bgt. bear Ptychocarpus-type of sori and there is some confusion with specimens from other regions of the world. This makes it necessary to separate the Patagonian material bearing typical Asterotheca synangia.
Fossil Dicotyledonous woods from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mandla District in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N. , Prakash U. , Bande M.B.
Published: September 2022

Fossil woods of Sterculioxylon deccanensis sp. nov., Grewioxylon sp. cf., G. mahurzariense Prakash & Dayal, Elaeocarpoxylon mandlaensis sp. nov. and Atalantioxylon indicum gen. et sp. novo have been described here from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mandla District in Madhya Pradesh. These represent the extant genera Sterculia, Grewia, Elaeocarpus-Echinocarpus and Atalantia-Limonia of the families Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Elaeocarpaceae and Rutaceae respectively. Of these, Sterculia and Atalantia-Limonia are new additions to the Palaeogene flora of India.
Phyterals of Jurassic coals of Tuva
Authors: Lapo Andrei V.
Published: September 2022

Phyterals of the coals of two thick coal seams (vitrinitic for the most part) near the USSR Mongolia border are described here: the "Ulug" of the Ulugkhem basin and the "Chadan" of the Chadan deposit. A three-stage hierarchical classification of the studied phyterals has been worked out. Within this classification we distinguish groups (according to the plant organs), subgroups (on the basis of the plant tissues) and individual phyterals. One can draw a conclusion that the Jurassic coal-forming vegetation in Tuva was rather a shrubby (probably, an undershrub) or an herbaceous one, than an arboreal forest.
Further observations on Indian Lower Gondwana Sphenophyllales
Authors: Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

New morphological details and the possible habit of Trizygia speciosa Royle are described alongwith two new forms of Sphenophyllales, Paratrizygia rhodesii (Rigby) n. comb. and Parasphenophyllum crenulatum sp. nov. from the Damuda Series of India.
On two structurally preserved bryophytes from the Triassic of Nidpur, India
Authors: Pant D.D. , Basu Nupur
Published: September 2022

The paper describes thallose gametophytes with an attached sporogonium under the name Hepaticites nidpurensis sp. novo and detached leaves resembling those of modern Sphagnum, called Sphagnophyllites triassicus gen. et sp. nov.
Cuticular structure and affinities of Cheirophyllum lacerata (Feistmantel) n. comb.
Authors: Pant D.D. , Singh Sudha
Published: September 2022

A new genus Cheirophyllum is made for some lobed leaves which were described earlier by Feistmantel (1886) under the name Noeggerathiopsis lacerata and by Maithy (1965) as Palmatophyllites lacerata (Feistmantel) comb. novo as well as some newly collected identical duplicates from the Karharbari Stage of the Giridih Coalfield. The cuticles of C. lacerata (Feistmantel) comb. nov. are also described. It is pointed out that the name Palmatophyllites lacerata is illegitimate.
A petrified matoniaceous rhizome from Amarjola in the Rajmahal Hills, India
Authors: Sharma B.D. , Bohra D.R.
Published: September 2022

Anatomy is described of a petrified rhizome collected from the Jurassic of Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. There are present three cyclic amphiphloic solenosteles with well-developed traces and wide leaf gaps. Protoxylem points are mesarch. Comparison is made with both living as well as fossil representatives of the family Matoniaceae.
Some new records of sub-fossil Sphagnum from Western Himalayas
Authors: Sharma Chhaya
Published: September 2022

Present paper deals with four sub-fossil Sphagnum taxa recovered while pollen analysing Late-Quaternary sediments from the two Lake sites - namely Khajiar and Rewalsar in the districts Chamba and Mandi respectively in Himachal Pradesh. The recovered taxa are Sphagnum recurvum P. Beauv., Sphagnum sp. belonging to Sect. Sphagnum (Palustre sensu Abramova). Sphagnum sp. belonging to Sect. Cuspidata and Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr. First three taxa are new records from Western Himalaya and the fourth, i.e. Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr. has so far not been reported from Himachal Pradesh.

With available C-14 dates for both the profiles, the occurrence of new sub-fossil Sphagnum records can be dated to about 1,500-2,000 years B.P. and that of Sphagnum teres, which is very common throughout both the sequences, 3500 years B.P. or so.
Application of simple arithmetic ratios to study of DSDP Black Sea cores
Authors: Traverse Alfred
Published: September 2022

Steppe/forest ("SFI") and marine influence ("MI") curves have been used in study of DSDP Black Sea cores to demonstrate the occurrence of palaeoclimatic and palaeosedimentological events in the Black Sea basin. "SFI" is calculated as a modified ratio of certain herb and shrub pollen to tree pollen, "MI" as a modified ratio of dinoflagellates and acritarchs to pollen. One peculiar dinoflagellate type ("dinoflagellates 19-20") turns out to be a fresh-water dinoflagellate, and its counts must therefore be excluded from "corrected MI". Cyclical deposition of thin Seek-reide layers in the Black Sea is often related to high dinoflagellate 19-20 counts and usually to high "SFI" (indicating dry-cold climate), but not in any consistent way to corrected "MI".
A Talchir mioflora from Northern Satpura Basin, India
Authors: Bharadwaj D.C. , Tiwari R.S. , Anand-Prakash
Published: September 2022

A mioflora from Northern Satpura Basin has been found to contain radial monosaccate miospore genera, alongwith abundant alete miospores. Its similarity with the mioflora of Umaria marine beds is suggestive of Late Talchir age and the marine palaeo-environment.
The genus Dictyozamites Oldham from India
Authors: Bose M.N. , Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

All the existing species of Dictyozamites Oldham from India have been reinvestigated. Five distinct species (D. falcatus (Morris) Medlicott & Blanford, D. indicus Feistmantel, D. hallei Sahni & Rao, D. sahnii Gupta & Sharma. and D. feistmantelii n. sp.) have been recognized and two fragmentary specimens have been described as Dictyozamites sp. The new species, viz., D. feistmantelii is based on some of the earlier described specimens of D. falcatus from Vemavaram and other East Coast localities. Pinnae of D. feistmanlelii are stalked and they have distinct auriculate bases. D. bagjoriensis Jacob has now been found to be the same as D. hallei.
Pollen analytical studies at the Nal Lake (Nalsarovar), Gujarat
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre  , Sharma Chhaya
Published: September 2022

The pollen analysis of 6 m profile from the brackish water shallow Nal Lake about 60 km south-west of Ahmedabad reveals the Holocene history of the grassland-chenopod savannah in its vicinity. The chenopods show a declining trend from early Holocene to 3,500 years B.P. and Holoptelea integrifolia, a tree member of the riverain dry deciduous forest, shows a rising trend until 4,000 years B.P.

Three episodes of estuarine conditions, before 7,000 years B.P., between 3,500-6,000 years B.P. and around 160 years B.P. are recorded. These may be ascribed to the repeated overflowing of the flooded Little Rann caused by marine inundation possibly as a result of the tectonic disturbances. The lake had perhaps originated as a marine inlet.
Some plant remains from Pathargama, Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Zeba-Bano  , Maheshwari H.K , Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

Plant remains from a hitherto unknown locality in the Rajmahal Hills form the subject matter of this paper. The new locality lies at the base of a hill cutting near Pathargama Village. The bed is dominated by Thinnfeldia indica Feistmantel. An emended diagnosis of this species has been given. The associated ginkgoalean leaves have been described as Ginkgo rajmahalensis (Sah & Jain) comb. nov. To these leaves some Ginkgo-like seeds have been attributed. The seeds are much smaller in size than the extant Ginkgo seeds, but their mode of attachment is similar. Besides these, Araucarites sp. and Strobilites sp. have also been recorded.
Further observations on the genus Dandotiasora Sah, Kar & Singh, 1971
Authors: Sah S.C.D. , Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

The genus Dandotiaspora Sah, Kar & Singh, 1971 is a dominant form in the Lower Eocene assemblages of India. It has been considered a marker fossil for Lower Eocene sediments. This paper deals with the taxonomic resolution of the various species described under this genus. A new approach dealing with the development of various morphographic characters within the genus, as envisaged from the present study, has been suggested.
Dipterocarpoxylon Nungarhense n. sp. from (Kalagarh Bijnor District), India
Authors: Trivedi B.S. , Ahuja M.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the anatomical studies of a fossil dicot wood from Kalagarh. The structural details show closest affinities with the genus Dipterocarpus and therefore it has been described as Dipterocarpoxylon nungarhense sp. nov.
Subathua - a new Dinoflagellate genus and its Palaeoecological significance in the Saubathu Formation, Simla hills
Authors: Khanna A.K. , Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

A new dinoflagellate cyst genus Sabathua, has been instituted from the Subathu Formation, Simla Hills consisting of two new species, viz., S. sahnii and S. spinosa. It has been observed that Sabathua is distributed in high frequency in the upper part of the formation. Its palaeoecological significance has also been discussed.
Palaeobotany of Tattitola bed in Pachwara Coalfield, Santhal Pargana, Bihar with remarks on the age of the bed
Authors: Mandal J. , Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

Fossil plants and miospores from the Lower Gondwana Bed exposed in the Bansloi River near the village Tattitola, Pachwara Coalfield are recorded. The megafossil assemblage is characterized by the dominance of open mesh Glossopteris leaves alongwith the characteristic presence of Schizoneura gondwanensis, Stellotheca robusta and other Lower Gondwana ferns. The miospore assemblage shows a dominance of striated-disaccate forms alongwith Scheuringipollenites, Densipollenites and other trilete forms. These assemblages suggest an Upper Raniganj age for this bed.
Palmoxylon arviensis sp. nov. from Deccan Intertrappean beds of Nawargaon, Wardha district, Maharashtra
Authors: Ambwani K.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the anatomy of a new species of Palmoxylon, P. arviensis, collected from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of the village Nawargaon. It shows compact ground tissue in the dermal, slightly spongy in the subdermal and highly lacunar in the central zone of the stem. The wood also possesses fibrovascular bundles with cordate dorsal sclerenchymatous sheath and belongs to the group Cordata (Stenzel, 1904).
Gondiastriatites gen. nov.: A new name for the Hitherto known Welwitschiapites Bolkhovitina from the Lower Gondwanas of India
Authors: Kar R.K.
Published: September 2022

Hitherto known Welwitschiapites Bolkhovitina described by various authors from the Lower Gondwanas of India has been placed into Gondiastriatites gen. nov., because Welwitschiapites magniolobatus, the type species of Welwitschiapites, is costate and resembles schizaeaceous spores. The pollen grains described under Welwitschiapites from the Lower Gondwanas, on the other hand, are longitudinally striate. Due to this basic difference they have been separated from Welwitschiapites and accommodated into a new genus.
Ninth Silver Jubilee Commemoration Non Lecture: Experimental Taxomomy and its application to Horticultural Botany
Authors: Khoshoo T.N.
Published: September 2022

NA
Krishna Rajaram Surange: A biographical sketch
Authors: Sadasivan T.S.
Published: September 2022

NA
Devonian plants from Hornachos (Badajoz), Spain
Authors: Alvarez Ramis C.
Published: September 2022

The palaeoflora of a new bed of the Devonian in Spain is described here for the first time. The flora is very abundant and, although fragmentary and in a defective state of fossilization, allows a very acceptable morphological-systematic determination. Of the twenty-one species reported here and all of them, except Psilophyton, for the first time in Spain.
Notes on Glossopteris angustifolia Brongniart
Authors: Kovacs-Endrody Eva
Published: September 2022

The concept of the species Glossopteris angustifolia as defined by Brongniart is analysed for the identification of newly found leaves. The identification can now be based on Brongniart's diagnosis, figures, and type-specimen. Some modificative views are also discussed which have led to errors in the usage of the specific name. It is concluded that the type specimen and the author's diagnosis is adequate for the recognition of the species.
Comparison of plant microfossil assemblages in Late Palaeozoic Gondwana glacial sequences
Authors: Powis Gary David
Published: September 2022

Coeval plant microfossil assemblages of glacigene deposits of Gondwanaland are divisible on the basis of proportions of major morphological groups into two distinct types. They are the Australian-type (with a dominance of trilete spores and up to 10 percent monosaccate pollen) and the Indian-type (dominated by monosaccate pollen with a minor proportion of spores).

The lack of diversity of the Indian-type palynoflora is consistent with a parent flora adapted to harsh physical conditions such as a severe glacial environment. The Australian- type palynofloras, by contrast, suggest parent plant communities developed under milder conditions, perhaps peripheral to ice centers or experiencing a greater fluvial influence.

Recognition of Australian-type palynofloras associated with coal measure sequences in Tanzania, and coeval with glacigene sequences elsewhere in Gondwanaland may indicate that the post-glacial flora in the Gondwana countries was not simply the result of evolution and radiation in response to the end of widespread glaciation.
In situ spores from Lower Gondwana ferns- their morphology and variation
Authors: Lele K.M. , Maithy P.K. , Mandal J.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the study of morphology and variation of in situ spores of four fern species of the Raniganj Stage, Lower Gondwana, viz., Dizeugotheca phegopteroides (Feistmantel) Maithy, Dichotomopteris lindleyii (Royle) Maithy, Dichotomopteris major (Feistmantel) Maithy and Neomariopteris hughesii (Zeiller) Maithy. The variation exhibited by the spores in their size, shape, tetrad-mark and sculpture has been biometrically assessed for a better definition of the species. Study of the spores by SEM has further helped in elucidating their morphological characters.

Dizeugotheca phegopteroides has trilete to monolete, conate spores comparable with Apiculatisporis, Punctatosporites and Ghoshiasporites. Dichotomopteris lindleyii is now shown to have microbaculate sculpture comparable with Cyclobaculisporites. Dichotomopteris major and Neomariopteris hughesii possess closely similar spores characterized by a heterogeneous mixture of cones, spines, and bacula and the spores are referable to dispersed spore genera like Lophotriletes, Acanthotriletes and rarely Horriditriletes. The strong overlap between the spore characters of the two species is biometrically evaluated. The evidence indicates that there can hardly be any correlation between megafossil and miospore taxa found in a dispersed state. The quality of sculpture in the Lower Gondwana spores is by and large distinct from that of the north hemispheric (Carboniferous) ferns.
Further contributions on the Non-vascular cryptogams from the Middle Gondwana (Triassic) beds of Nidpuri, India - Part II
Authors: Pant D.D. , Basu Nupur
Published: September 2022

The carbonized compressions of a filamentous fossil Algacites oogonifera sp. nov. and three species of bryophytes, viz., Hepaticites riccardioides sp. nov., H. metzgerioides Walton and H. foliata sp. nov. have been reported.
Occurrence of the genus Ctenozamites in the Jabalpur formation
Authors: Sukh-Dev  , Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

This paper records the occurrence of the genus Ctenozamites Nathorst represented by a new species, C. surangei, in the Jabalpur Formation of Imjhiri Village in the Narsinghpur District of Madhya Pradesh.
Leaf-impressions from the Eocene of Kachchh, Western India
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N. , Guleria J.S.
Published: September 2022

An assemblage of leaf impressions is described here from the Tertiary beds of Kachchh. It consists of 8 species out of which 5 have been identified with 5 modern genera and the remaining three which could not be assigned to any modern genus but are dicotyledonous, have been placed under the form genus Dicotylophyllum Saporta. The five species which are comparable with modern genera are Terminalia panandhroensis sp. nov., Syzygium kachchhense sp. nov., Lagerstroemia patelii sp. nov., Cinnamomum eokachchhensis sp. novo and Ficus kachchhensis sp. novo The three Dicotylophyllum species are: Dicotylophyllum cordatum sp. nov., D. panandhroensis sp. novo and D. quadrinervatum sp. nov. The collective evidence of the above taxa suggests that moist evergreen to deciduous tropical vegetation was growing around the site of this fossil assemblage during the Lower Eocene period.
Further occurrence of fossil woods from the Lower Siwalik beds of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

Five taxa of fossil woods are described in detail from the Lower Siwalik beds of Kalagarh in Bijnor District. These are Dipterocarpoxylon surangei sp. nov., Dracontomelumoxylon mangiferumoides Ghosh & Roy, Hopeoxylon eosiamensis sp. nov., Terminalioxylon palaeomanii sp. nov., and Ebenoxylon siwalicus sp. nov. resembling the extant genera Dipterocarpus, Dracontomelum, Sindora, Terminalia and Diospyros respectively. All these taxa indicate a more humid climate in the Himalayan foot-hills during the Lower Siwalik period.
Botanical perspective on the Quaternary
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses the botanical perspective of the Quaternary research in the light of phenomenal and revolutionary progress ushered in by the oceanic research of deep-sea cores and long uninterrupted terrestrial sequences. It is suggested that the botanical parameter should be equipped sufficiently and the dynamic nature of climatic requirements of plant species must be taken into consideration for past inference of environmental syndromes and for its overall applicability so that the consumer disciplines are not misled.
The Questionable origin of early land plants from algae
Authors: Jonker F.P.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the rise of terrestrial plant life in the Early Devonian. The view is developed that apart from Psilophytes some algal groups may have given rise to (semi-) land plants. (Semi-) land algae, however, have not been successful in competition with land invading Tracheophytes and became extinct after a relatively short existence.
Anatomy of palm stems - II
Authors: Kaul K.N.
Published: September 2022

The stem anatomy of two palm taxa, Phytelephas macrocarpa R. & P. and Nypa fruticans van Wurmb is described. Phytelephas macrocarpa is characterized by spongy ground tissue in all three zones and unique fibrovascular bundles with vascular parts outside the dorsal sclerenchyma consisting of a large number of vessels. Nypa fruticans also possesses lacunar ground tissue throughout the stem and the mechanical tissue shows a very poor development. Further, the vascular part of the bundles lies far apart from the fibrous part, a peculiar feature not recorded in any species of palms.
Two new fossil woods of Sapindaceae from the Tertiary of India
Authors: Awasthi N. , Guleria J.S. , Lakhanpal R.N.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with two sapindaceous woods, viz., Euphorioxylon1 indicum gen. et sp. nov. and Schleicheroxylon kachchhensis gen. et sp. nov. These show the closest resemblance with the woods of Euphoria and Schleichera respectively. The former is being reported from both the Kankawati Series of Kachchh and the Cuddalore Series near Pondicherry while the latter is from the Kankawati Series of Kachchh only.
Lithostratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments exposed along Jowai-Badarpur Road in Jaintia hills (Meghalaya) and Cachar (Assam)
Authors: Saxena R.K. , Tripathi S.K.M.
Published: September 2022

The paper includes the field observations on the sediments along Jowai-Badarpur Road section in Jaintia Hills and Cachar, depicting their lithostratigraphy. Starting from Jowai towards Badarpur various Tertiary sediments were observed. In ascending order, these are Therria, Sylhet Limestone, Kopili, Laisong, Jenam, Renji, Bhuban, Bokabil, Tipam Sandstone and Recent alluvia. The lithology, nature and location of contacts and fossil contents of each of these formations are discussed.

At Sonapur, 76 km from Jowai, the section is crossed by the Dauki Tear Fault, which separates the Palaeocene-Eocene rocks of the shelf facies to the north from the Oligocene-Miocene rocks of the geosynclinal facies to the south.
Sclerosperma-Type pollen grains from the Neyveli Lignite of India
Authors: Bande M.B. , Ambwani K.
Published: September 2022

Pollen grains similar to those of African palm, Sclerosperma manii Wendl., has been described from the Neyveli lignite. The occurrence of this African palm in the Early to Middle Tertiary of India is significant from the viewpoint of the palaeoclimate of the Indian subcontinent and the palaeogeographical distribution of Sclerosperma.
Palynology of the Quilon beds of Kerala State in South India II - Pollen of Dicotyledons and discussion
Authors: Rao K.P. , Ramanujam C.G.K.
Published: September 2022

This contribution deals with a systematic account of the dicotyledonous pollen recovered from the carbonaceous and calcareous clays of the Quilon Formation of Kerala and a critical analysis of the entire palynological data of this formation. In all, 54 genera encompassing 62 species have been recorded in this paper; of these 7 genera and 44 species are new. The genera abundantly represented are Verrucosisporites, Polypodiisporites, Retipilonapites, Couperipollis, Clavapalmaedites, Paravuripollis, Longapertites, Quilonipollenites, Palmaepollenites, Dicolpopollis, Retitricolpites, Retirescolpites, Foveotricolpites, Ctenolophonidites, Zonocostites, Heterocolpites, Marginipollis, Hippocrateaceaedites, Margocolporites, Sapotaceoidaepollenites, Talisiipites, Verrutriporites, Maculoporites, Myrcipites, Anacolosidites, Clavaperiporites and Ornatetradites.

The abundant occurrence of Polypodiisporites, coupled with Pteridacidites, intrabaculisporis and Eximospora and in conjunction with Dicolpopollis (abundant), Cauveripollis, Maculoporites, Compositoipollenites, Hippocrateaceaedites, pollen-types of Caesalpiniaceae, Sapotaceae and Droseraceae supports Lower to Middle Miocene age assigned to these beds on faunal evidence.

The palynoassemblage indicates a tropical humid type climate with plenty of rainfall. The presence of pollen types related to Barringtonia, Rhizophora, Lumnitzera, Nipa, lriartea, Calamus, Metroxylon, Araliaceae, Sapindaceae, Meliaceae and Droseraceae and the spores of Polypodiaceae and Schizaeaceae testifies to the prevalence of brackish water mangrove swamps along the coastal belt of Kerala.
Palynology is Oil Exploration
Authors: Talukdar S.N.
Published: September 2022

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Plant fossils from the Gangapur Formation
Authors: Bose M.N. , Kutty T.S. , Maheshwari H.K.
Published: September 2022

Plant fossils have been recovered from the Gangapur Formation, originally known as ‘Gangapur beds’ of the Kota ‘Stage’. The material was obtained from 11 localities in the vicinity of Gangapur Village, Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh. The megafossils belong to the common Upper Gondwana forms. The commonest fossil is Elatocladus. A new species of the genus (E. kingianus) has been identified on the basis of epidermal features. Epidermal features of a species of Pagiophyllum, viz., P. marwarensis, have also been studied. The palynological assemblage comprises about 64 taxa. The dominant element is the Araucariacites-Callialasporites complex. The stratigraphically important forms occurring in the samples are Trilites tuberculiformis, lschyosporites crateris, Cooksonites variabilis, and Microcachryridites antarcticus. After analyzing the available palaeobotanical and palynological data, a basal Lower Cretaceous age for the Gangapur Formation is suggested.
Studies on the transfusion cells in Petrified leaves of Ptilophyllum and Nipaniophyllum from the Rajmahal Hills, India
Authors: Sharma B.D.
Published: September 2022

Transfusion cells have been recorded in the leaves of Ptilophyllum and Nipaniophyllum. In the former, the transfusion cells are found in close association with the vascular elements, while in the latter they surround the bundle sheath. The relationship is discussed with the plants possessing the allied types of arrangement of transfusion cells.
A fossil palm fruit Hyphaeneocarpon indicum gen. et sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds, India
Authors: Bande M.B. , Prakash U. , Ambwani K.
Published: September 2022

A silicified palm fruit collected from the Deccan Intertrappean beds near Shahpura in Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh has been described. It shows close resemblance with the fruits of modern Hyphaene Gaertn., and has been described under a new genus Hyphaeneocarpon, instituted to include fossil fruits belonging to the modern taxa of Hyphaene alliance of Borassoid group of palms.
Phlebopteris minutifolius sp. nov. from the Bhuj Formation of Kachchh, India
Authors: Banerji J.
Published: September 2022

A new species of the genus Phlebopteris, viz., P. minutifolius is reported from Walkamota, District Kachchh, Gujarat. Both sterile and fertile fronds have been described. The sori have yielded trilete spores having laevigate exine.
A new species of Pteridiaceae-Pteridium Dachingshanense
Authors: Ziqiang Wang
Published: September 2022

A new fossil species, Pteridium dachingshanense, is described from the Early Cretaceous strata in Dachingshan Range of Neimonggol Autonomous Region (Inner Mongol), China. The species shows some characteristics of Pteridium, such as the continuous marginal sorus and a true scarious indusium. It differs from the living bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum in its overall smaller size, more or less reduced pinnules, smaller combined terminal pinnules, and obscure venation. The secondary veins arising from the midvein near the base of the pinnules seem to form a little fan-like pattern. New species traces the history of Pteridiaceae back to the Cretaceous period.
Upper Palaeocene Calcareous Nannoplankton from Cauvery basin, Southern India
Authors: Jain K.P. , Garg R. , Joshi D.C.
Published: September 2022

Phytoplankton analysis of a 240 meter deep bore hole, located in the Gopurapuram Village north-east of Vriddhachalam in Cauvery basin, revealed the presence of calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellate cysts in the basal sample, whereas the samples higher up in the sequence yielded only dinocysts. The nannofossils assemblage includes eight genera containing 16 recognizable species. Out of these, Discoaster multiradiatus is discussed to mark the Standard Nannoplankton Zone NP 9 of Upper Palaeocene. The equivalent zone marker taxa of dinocysts, foraminifera and mega-algae also support an Upper Palaeocene age for these sediments.
13th Sir Albert Charles Seward Memorial Lecture: Palynology, Organic Petrology and Petroleum - A Palaeobotanists View
Authors: Manum Svein B.
Published: September 2022

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Palynological investigations of the Arabian sea: Pollen/Spores from the recent sediments of the Gulf of Kachchh, India
Authors: Ratan R. , Chandra Anil
Published: September 2022

The pollen analysis of the surface sediments from the Gulf of Kachchh, India shows mainly the type of the surrounding vegetation. The pollen grains of Avicennia marina, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae are dominant in the assemblage. The shrubs are represented by the pollen grains of Chenopodiaceae and Salvadora persica. The pollen grains of Acacia, Prosopis and Rhamnaceae (Zizyphus) are poorly represented. The quantitative analysis shows higher percentage of the pollen/spores in the mouth than in the head region of the gulf. On the other hand, the occurrence of the Hystrichosphaerids is higher in the head region than in the mouth of the gulf.
Palynological dating of Jhingurdah seam, Singrauli coalfield: A reappraisal
Authors: Tiwari R.S. , Srivastava S.C.
Published: September 2022

A re-examination of the mioflora of the thickest coal seam of India, the Jhingurdah seam in Singrauli coalfield, Madhya Pradesh, has shown the presence of the genera Indospora, Gondisporites, Densoisporites, Kendosporites, Thymospora, Corisaccites, Guttulapollenites, Lunatisporites and Falcisporites associated with a striated-disaccate-rich assemblage. The mioflora is closely comparable with the known Raniganj miofloras. The presence of the genera Lophotriletes, Brevitriletes, Latosporites, Barakarites, Parastriopollenites and Scheuringipollenites indicates a partial continuity of the older biozones into the younger one.
Evolutionary trends in the secondary xylem of woody dicotyledons from the Tertiary of India
Authors: Bande M.B. , Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with two fossil woods of the family Anacardiaceae showing the closest resemblance with the woods of the extant genera Gluta L. and Mangifera L. The former is described from the Banaskantha District of Gujarat and the latter from the Jaisalmer District of Rajasthan. The occurrence of these woods during the Tertiary in the above areas indicates that the climatic conditions were definitely more humid at the time of deposition of these woods than the present dry desertic conditions.
Microbiota from stromatolite Stratifera of the Bilara Group (Marwar Supergroup), Western Rajasthan
Authors: Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

Three types of microbiotas referable to Nanococcus vulgaris, Huronispora psilata and Kakabekia umbellata are reported from the stromatolite- Stratifera collected near Bhadora. The biota suggests that the stratified stromatolite may have been formed due to the exogenic activities of the recorded algae.
Palynological investigations of Ramshahr Well 1, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh H.P. , Sarkar S.
Published: September 2022

The palynofloral assemblage mainly consists of algal colonies- Pediastrum, fungal spores and microthyriaceous ascostromata, pteridophytic spores, and gymnospermous and angiospermous pollen grains. In all, 25 species belonging to 20 genera have been recorded. On the basis of the palynological assemblage, three distinct palynological zones have been established within the Ramshahr well 1. The Ramshahr palynofloral assemblage has been compared with those known from the Mio-Pliocene sediments of India. In addition, the palynological data have been interpreted throwing light on its dating potential, identification of various depth levels, and environment of deposition.
Reappraisal of Fermoria and allied remains from the Suket Shale Formation, Ramapura
Authors: Maithy P.K. , Shukla M.
Published: September 2022

Fermoria and other allied remains described earlier have been restudied critically. The observations suggest that all the Indian forms, viz., Fermoria, Krishnania acuminate, Tawuia and Vindhyania are morphologically alike and similar to the genus Chuaria Walcott, but they are distinct at a specific level.
Two new pollen genera from the Lower Tertiary sediments of Meghalaya India
Authors: Tripathi S.K.M. , Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

Two new pollen genera, viz., Collospermumpollis and Densiverrupollenites have been established. The genus Collospermumpollis has been recovered from the Palaeocene sediments of Therria Formation, Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya and seems to have a liliaceous affinity. The genus Densiverrupollenites has been described from the Upper Eocene sediments of the Kopli Formation, Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya. Its botanical affinity is uncertain.
Miofloral studies of the Lower Gondwana sediments in Johilia Coalfield, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Anand-Prakash  , Srivastava S.C.
Published: September 2022

The Lower Gondwana sediments (coal-bearing) exposed along the Johilla River and also in Pali Coal Mine, Johilla Coalfield, Madhya Pradesh have been studied palynologically. The oldest miofloral assemblage (Zone 1) has been recorded near Manthar comprising Callumispora+Jayantisporites, which represents the Lower Karharbari mioflora. Mioflora assemblage Zone 2 occurs in the older coal seams (seam III-V) of Johilla Coal Mine and being dominant in Parasaccites represents the Upper Karharbari mioflora. Miofloral Zone 3 is marked by the dominance of nonstriated-disaccates and occurs in the second coal seam of Johilla Coal Mine, the second seam at Ganjra Nala confluence and the coal beds exposed near Lakhanpura. The youngest mioflora (Zone 4), being rich in striated-disaccates, occurs in the youngest coal seam (Seam 1) of Johilla Coal Mine and also in the younger two seams exposed at the confluence of Ganjra Nala. Miofloral zones 3 and 4 represent the Lower and Upper Barakar miofloras, respectively. Thus, the coal-bearing horizon of the Johilla Coalfield encompasses not only Karharbari mioflora but also the Barakar mioflora.
The fossil floras of Kachchh. II - Mesozoic megaspores
Authors: Banerji Jayasri , Jana B.N. , Maheshwari H.K.
Published: September 2022

Megaspores have been recorded from the Bhuj Formation exposed in Pur River Section near Trambau, Pat River Section near Nangor, Kharod River Section near Gacthsisa, Chawad River Section near Charkhada, Korawadi River Section near Dharesi, Bhuj Formation, Bukhi River Section near Dhinodhar, open pit near Guneri, and 5 shallow wells, 1 each near Madhapur, Kera, Sukhpur, Ugedi and Walka Mota. The new record and a revision of earlier work now reveal a megaspore assemblage comprising 27 species referable to 11 genera. There is hardly any element that could help in fixing a definite age to the sediments. The overall assemblage, however, is indicative of Lower Cretaceous age.
Stratigraphy, age and palaeoecology of Upper Gondwana equivalents of the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India
Authors: Venkatachala B.S. , Sinha R.N.
Published: September 2022

Age equivalents of the Upper Gondwana sediments are exposed in the Krishna-Godavari Basin which comprises three depressions separated from one another by basement ridges. The sequence exposed in the West Godavari Depressions is classified into the Golapalli Sandstone (oldest), Raghavapuram Shale and Tirupati Sandstone (youngest) on the basis of lithologic characteristics. Likewise, in the Krishna Depression, towards the south, this sequence is classified into the Budavada Sandstone (oldest), Vemavaram Shale and Pavalur Sandstone. A number of shallow wells have been drilled on the outcrops. The dominantly arenaceous units, the Golapalli, Tirupati, Budavada and Pavalur sandstones, of the outcrop are represented by shales in the subsurface. The Raghavapuram and Vemavaram shales, however, continue to have the same lithology in the subsurface. It is concluded that the tripartite classification in the outcrops is not tenable in the subsurface and the representative units are probably lithological variants of a major argillaceous sequence. The exposed sequence is devoid of palynofossils. Plant megafossil, though scarce are considered referable to the Late Jurassic. The sequence met in the shallow wells contains abundant palynofossils of non-marine and transitional environments. The assemblages recorded from the dominantly argillaceous beds contain numerous taxa characteristic of an Early Cretaceous age. Hence, the sequences in two depressions are homotaxial and of Early Cretaceous age as is also inferred from microfaunal assemblages. An inter-relationship between the gymnosperm and phytoplankton populations has enabled to delineate some of the major environmental regimes which vary from non-marine in the west to shallow marine in the east through transitional swampy environments. The upland floral elements are predominant at the basin margin. The bulk of the terrigeneous matter was derived from areas located westwards. It is significant to note that the phytoplankton progressively increases due east and southeast. It could be as high as 20 percent near the western margin of the basin. If the sequences remain to be dominantly shaly in the subsurface of the present-day coastal area they are likely to possess good characters of source rocks of hydrocarbons, especially in view of the progressive increase in phytoplankton percentages and favorable depths of burial and palaeotemperatures which are evidenced by geophysical data and occurrence of extrusives in the outcrop are respectively.
On two new fossil woods from the Raniganj Formation: with remarks on Zalesskioxylon zambesiensis from Mozambique
Authors: Bajpai Usha , Maheshwari H.K.
Published: September 2022

Fossil woods are rather scarce in Lower Gondwana. A large percentage of woods so far reported belong to Raniganj or equivalent formations. The two new species of wood reported here also originate in the Raniganj Formation. Lepekhina’s circumscription of the genus Araucarioxylon is not accepted as it overlaps the diagnosis of the genus Dadoxylon. Her assignment of D. brandlingii (Lindley & Hutton) Endlicher as lectogenotype of Dadoxylon is not acceptable because the correct type species is D. withamii (Lindley & Hutton) Endlicher. Zalesskioxylon zambesiensis Maithy has been re-investigated and found to be conspecific with Australoxylon teixeirae Marguerier. The genera Parapalaeoxylon Prasad and Kamthioxylon Mahabale & Vagyani are probably superfluous.
Observations on some Tertiary zonisulcate pollen grains
Authors: Singh H.P. , Tripathi S.K.M.
Published: September 2022

A morphological study of the genus Assamialetes has been carried out and its genetic diagnosis has been emended. Various taxonomic changes, through which Proxapertites and Assamialetes have undergone, have also been discussed. Further, in order to understand these genera, a comparative study of the allied taxa has also been done.
A carnonised wood resembling Parinari from the Neyveli Lignite deposits, India
Authors: Awasthi N. , Agarwal A.
Published: September 2022

A carbonized wood showing close resemblance with that of Parinari (Parinarium) belonging to the sub-family Chrysobalanoidae of Rosaceae has been described from the Neyveli Lignite deposits. It is named Parinarioxylon neyveliensis sp. nov. The occurrence of Parinari is also indicative of tropical humid conditions in this area at the time of its deposition.
Fossil floras of Kutch- Part VI. Jurassic dinoflagellates
Authors: Jain K.P. , Jana B.N. , Maheshwari H.K.
Published: September 2022

Fossil dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs have been reported and described from the various members of the Jhuran Formation exposed at a number of localities in the Kutch Basin. The assemblage comprises 31 species referable to 24 genera. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative analyses the age of the dinoflagellate assemblage has been concluded to be Upper Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian, probably extending up to Pectinatites pectinatus zone.
Palynology of the Barail (Oligocene) and Surma (Lower Miocene) sediments exposed along Sonapur-Badarpur Road Section, Jaintia Hills (Meghalaya) and Cachar (Assam). Part II. Fungal remains
Authors: Singh H.P. , Saxena R.K. , Rao M.R.
Published: September 2022

Fungal remains recovered from the Barail and Surma groups (Oligocene-Lower Miocene) exposed along the Sonapur Badarpur Road Section in Jaintia Hils, Meghalaya and Cachar, Assam have been described. The assemblage consists of 17 genera and 33 species. Of these, 6 genera and 9 species are of fungal bodies and 11 genera and 24 species of fungal spores. Five new species have been established. The important genera are Phragmothyrites, Notothyrites, Parmathyrites, Kutchiathyrites, Inapertisporites, Dicellaesporites, Multicellaesporites, Pluricellaesporites, Diporicellaesporites and Dyadosporonites. Quantitative analysis of the assemblage reveals that both fungal bodies and spores are richly represented in the Surma Group (Lower Miocene) while their frequency decreases in the Barail Group. The assemblage has been compared with the known fungal assemblages from the Tertiary rocks in India.
23rd Sir Albert Charles Seward Memorial Lecture: Analysis of some palaeogeographic and palaeobotany
Authors: Axelrod Daniel I.
Published: September 2022

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