bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of nitrogen-hyperdoped silicon by high-pressure gas immersion excimer laser doping
Authors: Barkby Josh W. , Moro Fabrizio , Perego Michele , Taglietti Fabiana , Lidorikis Elefterios , Kalfagiannis Nikolaos , Koutsogeorgis Demosthenes C. , Fanciulli Marco
Published: August 2024

In recent years, research on hyperdoped semiconductors has accelerated, displaying dopant concentrations far exceeding solubility limits to surpass the limitations of conventionally doped materials. Nitrogen defects in silicon have been extensively investigated for their unique characteristics compared to other pnictogen dopants. However, previous practical investigations have encountered challenges in achieving high nitrogen defect concentrations due to the low solubility and diffusivity of nitrogen in silicon, and the necessary non-equilibrium techniques, such as ion implantation, resulting in crystal damage and amorphisation. In this study, we present a single-step technique called high-pressure gas immersion excimer laser doping (HP-GIELD) to manufacture nitrogen-hyperdoped silicon. Our approach offers ultrafast processing, scalability, high control, and reproducibility. Employing HP-GIELD, we achieved nitrogen concentrations exceeding 6 at% (3.01 × 1021 at/cm3) in intrinsic silicon. Notably, nitrogen concentration remained above the liquid solubility limit to ~1 µm in depth. HP-GIELD’s high-pressure environment effectively suppressed physical surface damage and the generation of silicon dangling bonds, while the well-known effects of pulsed laser annealing (PLA) preserved crystallinity. Additionally, we conducted a theoretical analysis of light-matter interactions and thermal effects governing nitrogen diffusion during HP-GIELD, which provided insights into the doping mechanism. Leveraging excimer lasers, our method is well-suited for integration into high-volume semiconductor manufacturing, particularly front-end-of-line processes.
Risk assessment based on spectrophotometric signals used in eco-friendly analytical scenarios for estimation of carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Nabil Mona , Marzouk Hoda M. , Ahmed Dina A. , Abbas Samah S. , Lotfy Hayam M.
Published: August 2024

Special attention is given to the pharmacological treatment of combined medication of Carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide which is the most effective and the most beneficial therapy for hypertensive patients with diabetes and various metabolic comorbidities. This work represents spectrophotometric platform scenarios based on factorized spectrum (FS) using interpoint data difference resolution scenarios (IDDRS) coupled with spectrum subtraction method (SS) for the concurrent quantification of carvedilol (CAR) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) when present together in a combination without the need for any initial physical separation steps. This IDD resolution scenario based on manipulating the zero-order spectra (D0) of both drugs in the mixture with various spectral features at different wavelength regions (200–400 nm), region I (220–250 nm), region II (240–300 nm) and region III (270–320 nm) via absorbance resolution (AR) and induced absorbance resolution (IAR) methods coupled with corresponding spectrum subtraction (SS). The calibration curves were established across the linearity ranges of 2.0–12.0 µg/mL at 242.50 nm and 4.0–40.0 µg/mL at 285.5 nm for CAR and 1.0–11.0 µg/mL at 226.10 nm and 2.0–20.0 µg/mL at 270.5 nm for HCT. Moreover, methods’ validation was confirmed via ICH guidelines. A Multicenter comparison between sensitivity, specificity in respect resolution sequence were applied using different wavelength regions with various concentration ranges was applied and finally spectral resolution recommendation is issued and cumulative validation score (CVS) is calculated as an indicator in the risk analysis. In quality control laboratories, the studied approaches are applicable for conducting analysis on the mentioned drugs. In addition, the selection of spectrophotometry aligns with the principles of green analytical chemistry, an approach that resonates with the overarching theme of minimizing environmental impact. Via four metric tools named: analytical greenness (AGREE), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), analytical eco-scale, and national environmental method index (NEMI), methods’ greenness profile was guaranteed.
Nutrient strengthening and lead alleviation in Brassica Napus L. by foliar ZnO and TiO2-NPs modulating antioxidant system, improving photosynthetic efficiency and reducing lead uptake
Authors: Sehrish Adiba Khan , Ahmad Shoaib , Alomrani Sarah Owdah , Ahmad Azeem , Al-Ghanim Khalid A. , Alshehri Muhammad Ali , Tauqeer Arslan , Ali Shafaqat , Sarker Pallab K.
Published: August 2024

With the anticipated foliar application of nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential strategy to improve crop production and ameliorate heavy metal toxicity, it is crucial to evaluate the role of NPs in improving the nutrient content of plants under Lead (Pb) stress for achieving higher agriculture productivity to ensure food security. Herein, Brassica napus L. grown under Pb contaminated soil (300 mg/kg) was sprayed with different rates (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) of TiO2 and ZnO-NPs. The plants were evaluated for growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, leaf exchange attributes, oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results revealed that 100 mg/L NPs foliar application significantly augmented plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and leaf gas exchange attributes. Furthermore, 100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs application showed a maximum increase in SPAD values (79.1%, 68.9%). NPs foliar application (100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs) also substantially reduced malondialdehyde (44.3%, 38.3%), hydrogen peroxide (59.9%, 53.1%), electrolyte leakage (74.8%, 68.3%), and increased peroxidase (93.8%, 89.1%), catalase (91.3%, 84.1%), superoxide dismutase (81.8%, 73.5%) and ascorbate peroxidase (78.5%, 73.7%) thereby reducing Pb accumulation. NPs foliar application (100 mg/L) significantly reduced root Pb (45.7%, 42.3%) and shoot Pb (84.1%, 76.7%) concentration in TiO2 and ZnO-NPs respectively, as compared to control. Importantly, macro and micronutrient analysis showed that foliar application 100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs increased shoot zinc (58.4%, 78.7%) iron (79.3%, 89.9%), manganese (62.8%, 68.6%), magnesium (72.1%, 93.7%), calcium (58.2%, 69.9%) and potassium (81.5%, 68.6%) when compared to control without NPs. The same trend was observed for root nutrient concentration. In conclusion, we found that the TiO2 and ZnO-NPs have the greatest efficiency at 100 mg/L concentration to alleviate Pb induced toxicity on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient content of Brassica napus L. NPs foliar application is a promising strategy to ensure sustainable agriculture and food safety under metal contamination.
Establishing the distribution of Carpophilus truncatus in Australia using an integrative approach for an emerging global pest
Authors: Tobin Stephen James , Cunningham John Paul
Published: August 2024

The nitidulid beetle Carpophilus truncatus is rapidly becoming a major pest of nut crops around the world. This insect first infested Australian almonds in 2013 and has since escalated to be the preeminent insect pest for the industry. Data pertaining to C. truncatus distribution are scant, but without awareness of its origin, distribution, and ecological factors that influence distribution, efforts to understand and manage the insect as a pest are stymied. Here, we employ an integrative approach to gain a multifaceted understanding of the distribution of C. truncatus in Australia. Methods employed were (1) reviewing historical records in insect collections to establish the presence of C. truncatus prior to commercial almond horticulture, (2) field trapping of insects to establish presence in regions of interest, (3) laboratory trials to determine the thermal limits of the organism, and (4) correlative species distribution modelling to describe its current distribution. We find that C. truncatus is more widespread across Australia than was previously known, with historical records preceding commercial almond production in Australia by a century. The methods developed in this study can be applied elsewhere in the world where C. truncatus is an emerging pest, or to novel pest species as they arise with increasing frequency in a globalised and warming world.
High-dimensional cortical signals reveal rich bimodal and working memory-like representations among S1 neuron populations
Authors: Kristensen Sofie S. , Kesgin Kaan , Jörntell Henrik
Published: August 2024

Complexity is important for flexibility of natural behavior and for the remarkably efficient learning of the brain. Here we assessed the signal complexity among neuron populations in somatosensory cortex (S1). To maximize our chances of capturing population-level signal complexity, we used highly repeatable resolvable visual, tactile, and visuo-tactile inputs and neuronal unit activity recorded at high temporal resolution. We found the state space of the spontaneous activity to be extremely high-dimensional in S1 populations. Their processing of tactile inputs was profoundly modulated by visual inputs and even fine nuances of visual input patterns were separated. Moreover, the dynamic activity states of the S1 neuron population signaled the preceding specific input long after the stimulation had terminated, i.e., resident information that could be a substrate for a working memory. Hence, the recorded high-dimensional representations carried rich multimodal and internal working memory-like signals supporting high complexity in cortical circuitry operation.
Modulation between capacitor and conductor for a redox-active 2D bis(terpyridine)cobalt(II) nanosheet via anion-exchange
Authors: Takada Kenji , Ito Miyu , Fukui Naoya , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

Ionic polymers are intriguing materials whose functionality arises from the synergy between ionic polymer backbones and counterions. A key method for enhancing their functionality is the post-synthetic ion-exchange reaction, which is instrumental in improving the chemical and physical properties of polymer backbones and introducing of the functionalities of the counterions. Electronic interaction between host polymer backbone and guest ions plays pivotal roles in property modulation. The current study highlights the modulation of responses to external electric field in cationic bis(terpyridine)cobalt(II) polymer nanofilms through anion-exchange reactions. Initially, as-prepared chloride-containing polymers exhibited supercapacitor behaviour. Introducing anionic metalladithiolenes into the polymers altered the behaviour to either conductive or insulative, depending on the valence of the metalladithiolenes. This modulation was accomplished by fine tuning of charge-transfer interactions between the bis(terpyridine)cobalt(II) complex moieties and redox-active anions. Our findings open up new avenue for ionic polymers, showcasing their potential as versatile platform in materials science.
Seafloor alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Dale Andrew W. , Geilert Sonja , Diercks Isabel , Fuhr Michael , Perner Mirjam , Scholz Florian , Wallmann Klaus
Published: August 2024

Carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere and storage over long times scales in terrestrial and marine reservoirs is urgently needed to limit global warming and for sustainable management of the global carbon cycle. Ocean alkalinity enhancement by the artificial addition of carbonate minerals to the seafloor has been proposed as a method to sequester atmospheric CO2 and store it in the ocean as dissolved bicarbonate. Here, a reaction-transport model is used to scrutinize the efficacy of calcite addition and dissolution at a well-studied site in the southwestern Baltic Sea – a brackish coastal water body in northern Europe. We find that most calcite is simply buried without dissolution under moderate addition rates. Applying the model to other sites in the Baltic Sea suggests that dissolution rates and efficiencies are higher in areas with low salinity and undersaturated bottom waters. A simple box model predicts a tentative net CO2 uptake rate from the atmosphere of 3.2 megatonnes of carbon dioxide per year for the wider Baltic Sea after continually adding calcite to muddy sediments for 10 years. More robust estimates now require validation by field studies.
Nationwide surveys of awareness of tuberculosis in India uncover a gender gap in tuberculosis awareness
Authors: Thimmanahalli Sobagaiah Ranganath , Kumari Nitu , Bharathi Gattam Divya , Khazi Mohammed Shoyaib
Published: August 2024

Background

Tuberculosis remains a major challenge in India, with an estimated 2.69 million cases each year. Although men are more affected than women, gender differences and related factors affect awareness of tuberculosis and thus impact tuberculosis diagnosis and access to treatment. Understanding the gender-specific needs and complexities when diagnosing and treating tuberculosis is essential to manage cases in India.

Methods

We undertook a comparative study using data from three National Family and Health Surveys (NFHS), specifically NFHS-3, NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. We investigated the prevalence and gender disparity in awareness about tuberculosis, and associated factors, using regression analysis.

Results

Most men and women surveyed are between the ages of 15 and 19. Across the surveys, the proportion of men and women who are unaware of spreading of tuberculosis decreases from 44.9% during NFHS 3 to 29.6% during NFHS 5. However, the prevalence ratio of men to women with no knowledge about modes of transmission of Tuberculosis increases from 0.92 during NFHS 3 to 0.98 during NFHS 5. Higher odds with younger age (NFHS 5, aOR: 1.07 (1.01–1.13)) and rural residency (NFHS 5, aOR: 1.12 (1.06–1.18)), and lower odds with unmarried marital status (NFHS 5, aOR: 0.92 (0.86–0.98)) are noteworthy associations. Women and men have differences in knowledge.

Conclusions

Gender disparity associated with awareness about tuberculosis in India is observed across all three nationwide surveys. Being aged fifteen to nineteen years and residing in rural area are risk factors. Being unmarried is a protective factor for women, but not for men.
Beyond COVID-19: the promise of next-generation coronavirus vaccines
Authors: Koolaparambil Mukesh Reshma , Yinda Claude K. , Munster Vincent J. , van Doremalen Neeltje
Published: August 2024

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three global outbreaks: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, with significant mortality and morbidity. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised serious concerns about the global preparedness for a pandemic. Furthermore, the changing antigenic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 led to new variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Thus, the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against current and future emerging variants of CoVs will be an essential tool in pandemic preparedness. Distinct phylogenetic features within CoVs complicate and limit the process of generating a pan-CoV vaccine capable of targeting the entire Coronaviridae family. In this review, we aim to provide a detailed overview of the features of CoVs, their phylogeny, current vaccines against various CoVs, the efforts in developing broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines, and the future.
Realtime bacteria detection and analysis in sterile liquid products using deep learning holographic imaging
Authors: Bravo-Frank Nicholas , Zende Rushikesh , Feng Lei , Mesyngier Nicolas , Pachpute Aditya , Hong Jiarong
Published: August 2024

We introduce a digital inline holography (DIH) method combined with deep learning (DL) for real-time detection and analysis of bacteria in liquid suspension. Specifically, we designed a prototype that integrates DIH with fluorescence imaging to efficiently capture holograms of bacteria flowing in a microfluidic channel, utilizing the fluorescent signal to manually identify ground truths for validation. We process holograms using a tailored DL framework that includes preprocessing, detection, and classification stages involving three specific DL models trained on an extensive dataset that included holograms of generic particles present in sterile liquid and five bacterial species featuring distinct morphologies, Gram stain attributes, and viability. Our approach, validated through experiments with synthetic data and sterile liquid spiked with different bacteria, accurately distinguishes between bacteria and particles, live and dead bacteria, and Gram-positive and negative bacteria of similar morphology, all while minimizing false positives. The study highlights the potential of combining DIH with DL as a transformative tool for rapid bacterial analysis in clinical and industrial settings, with potential extension to other applications including pharmaceutical screening, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnostics.
Correction: Open-flow microperfusion combined with mass spectrometry for in vivo liver lipidomic analysis
Authors: Li Tuo , Yang Hui , Li Xing , Hou Yinzhu , Zhao Yao , Wu Wenjing , Zhao Lingyu , Wang Fuyi , Zhao Zhenwen
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Open-flow microperfusion combined with mass spectrometry for in vivo liver lipidomic analysis’ by Tuo Li et al., Analyst, 2021, 146, 1915–1923, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02189J.
Correction: Visualizing and characterizing excited states from time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Herbert John M.
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Visualizing and characterizing excited states from time-dependent density functional theory’ by John M. Herbert et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 3755–3794, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP04226J.
Enhanced efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells via controlled thickness of the WO3 Langmuir–Blodgett blocking layer in the Debye length regime
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Choudhury Sipra , Mahajan Aman , Saxena Vibha
Published: August 2024

Controlled thickness of the WO3 Langmuir–Blodgett blocking layer in the Debye length regime improves device efficiency.
Developing the orthotropic linear-elastic model for wood applications using the FE method
Authors: Chakkour Tarik , Perré Patrick
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this work is to develop the three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) modeling approach for the linear mechanical behavior of wood material.
A TiO2 grafted bamboo derivative nanocellulose polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite membrane for wastewater treatment by a photocatalytic process
Authors: Rahman Md Rezaur , James Anthonette , Mohamed Said Khairul Anwar , Namakka Murtala , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Jiunn Woo Haw , Al-Humaidi Jehan Y. , Althomali Raed H. , Rahman Mohammed Muzibur
Published: August 2024

The escalating demands for efficient wastewater treatment drive this study, which explores the development and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite membranes enhanced with nanocellulose (NC) and titanium dioxide (TiO2).
Recent advances in developing nanoscale electro-/photocatalysts for hydrogen production: modification strategies, charge-carrier characterizations, and applications
Authors: Jamesh Mohammed-Ibrahim , Tong Haihang , Santoso Shella Permatasari , Niu Wenxin , Kai Ji-Jung , Hsieh Chang-Wei , Cheng Kuan-Chen , Li Fang-Fang , Han Bin , Colmenares Juan Carlos , Hsu Hsien-Yi
Published: August 2024

For clean hydrogen (H2) production, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis are widely regarded as promising technologies to counter the increasing energy crisis.
Structural classification of Ag and Cu nanocrystals with machine learning
Authors: Zhang Huaizhong , Fichthorn Kristen A.
Published: August 2024

We use machine learning (ML) to classify the structures of mono-metallic Cu and Ag nanoparticles.
Theoretical investigation on degradation of CHCCH2OH by NO3 radicals in the atmosphere
Authors: Gao Jikang , Zhao Meilian , Wang Yaru , Liao Junchao , Zhang Yunju
Published: August 2024

A detailed computational investigation is executed on the reaction between NO3 and CHCCH2OH at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level.
Hydrophobic modification enhances the microstructure stability of the catalyst layer in alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Ma Jun , Ma Hualong , Lin Jiayi , Zhang Yixiao , Xiao Li , Zhuang Lin , Xu Pengtao , Chen Liwei
Published: August 2024

Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs) have achieved notable advancements in peak power density, yet their durability during long-term operation remains a significant challenge.
TsOH-catalyzed dehydroxylative cross-coupling of alcohols with phenols: rapid access to propofol derivatives
Authors: Liang Yuqiu , Liu Chengxiu , Li Youchun , Ouyang Lu
Published: August 2024

Wide substrate scope (up to 43 examples); excellent regioselectivity with only para-alkylated product; simple reaction conditions with only TsOH as catalyst, high efficiency in excellent yield; using stable and low toxicity alcohols as alkylate.
Absolute control over the quantum yield of a photodissociation reaction mediated by nonadiabatic couplings
Authors: Sola Ignacio R. , García-Vela Alberto
Published: August 2024

Control of molecular reaction dynamics with laser pulses has been developed in the last decades. The role of the initial wave function is now being unraveled.
Greener nanobiopolymers and nanoencapsulation: environmental implications and future prospects
Authors: Gulati Shikha , Amar Anoushka , Chhabra Lakshita , Katiyar Riya , Meenakshi  , Sahu Tanu , Varma Rajender S.
Published: August 2024

To minimize the consumption of nonrenewable resources and ensure environmental sustainability, there ought to be greater utilization of abundant and renewable greener nanobiopolymers, particularly those derived from various plants and microbes.
Single-crystalline Sb2S3 microtubes for high-performance broadband visible photodetection
Authors: Fu Shili , Liu Xiaohui , Dou Haoyun , Ali Rawaid , Zeng Ao , Man Jiaxiu , Zheng Xiaolu , Wang Hong-En
Published: August 2024

Single-crystal Sb2S3 microtubes have been fabricated via a hydrothermal process using EDTA as a structure-directing agent, exhibiting remarkable visible photodetection capabilities and holding potential for applications in optoelectronics.
Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method for multilevel nonlocal thermal equilibrium radiative transfer problems
Authors: Arramy D. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Leenaarts J.
Published: August 2024

Context. The calculation of the emerging radiation from a model atmosphere requires knowledge of the emissivity and absorption coefficients, which are proportional to the atomic level population densities of the levels involved in each transition. Due to the intricate interdependence of the radiation field and the physical state of the atoms, iterative methods are required in order to calculate the atomic level population densities. A variety of different methods have been proposed to solve this problem, which is known as the nonlocal thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) problem.

Aims. Our goal is to develop an efficient and rapidly converging method to solve the NLTE problem under the assumption of statistical equilibrium. In particular, we explore whether the Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method can be used. This method does not require an explicit construction of the Jacobian matrix because it estimates the new correction with the Krylov-subspace method.

Methods. We implemented an NLTE radiative transfer code with overlapping bound-bound and bound-free transitions. This solved the statistical equilibrium equations using a JFNK method, assuming a depth-stratified plane-parallel atmosphere. As a reference, we also implemented the Rybicki & Hummer (1992) method based on linearization and operator splitting.

Results. Our tests with the Fontenla, Avrett and Loeser C model atmosphere (FAL-C) and two different six-level Ca II and H I atoms show that the JFNK method can converge faster than our reference case by up to a factor 2. This number is evaluated in terms of the total number of evaluations of the formal solution of the radiative transfer equation for all frequencies and directions. This method can also reach a lower residual error compared to the reference case.

Conclusions. The JFNK method we developed poses a new alternative to solving the NLTE problem. Because it is not based on operator splitting with a local approximate operator, it can improve the convergence of the NLTE problem in highly scattering cases. One major advantage of this method is that it is expected to allow for a direct implementation of more complex problems, such as overlapping transitions from different active atoms, charge conservation, or a more efficient treatment of partial redistribution, without having to explicitly linearize the equations.
Magnetograms underestimate even unipolar magnetic flux nearly everywhere on the solar disk
Authors: Sinjan J. , Solanki S. K. , Hirzberger J. , Riethmüller T. L. , Przybylski D.
Published: August 2024

Context. The amount of magnetic flux passing through the solar surface is an important parameter determining solar activity and the heliospheric magnetic field. It is usually determined from line-of-sight magnetograms.

Aims. We aim to test the reliability of determining the line-of-sight magnetic field from 3D MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) simulations of unipolar regions. In contrast to earlier similar studies, we consider the full solar disk, by considering the full centre-to-limb variation, as well as regions with different averaged field strengths.

Methods. We synthesised Stokes profiles from MURaM MHD simulations of unipolar regions with varying mean vertical magnetic flux densities, ranging from quiet Sun to active region plage. We did this for a comprehensive range of heliocentric angles: from μ = 1 to μ = 0.15, and for two commonly used photospheric spectral lines: Fe I 6173.3 and Fe I 5250.2 Å. The synthesised profiles were spatially foreshortened and binned to different spatial resolutions characteristic of space-based magnetographs currently in operation. The line-of-sight magnetic field was derived with a Milne-Eddington Inversion as well as with other commonly used methods.

Results. The inferred spatially averaged ⟨BLOS⟩ is always lower than that present in the MHD simulations, with the exception of μ ≈ 1 and sufficiently high spatial resolution. It is also generally inconsistent with a linear dependence on μ. Above μ = 0.5 the spatial resolution greatly impacts the retrieved line-of-sight magnetic field. For μ ≤ 0.5 the retrieved BLOS is nearly independent of resolution, but is always lower than expected from the simulation. These trends persist regardless of the mean vertical magnetic field in the MHD simulations and are independent of the BLOS retrieval method. For μ ≤ 0.5, a larger ⟨BLOS⟩ is inferred for the 5250.2 Å spectral line than 6173.3 Å, but the converse is true at higher μ.

Conclusions. The obtained results show that with high spatial resolution observations, for instance those achieved with SO/PHI-HRT (High Resolution Telescope of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on Solar Orbiter) at close perihelion, the magnetic flux can be reliably retrieved at high μ values, whereas in lower resolution observations, as well as at lower μ, a significant fraction of the magnetic flux is missed. The results found here raise some doubts of the reliability of determining the radial field by dividing the line-of-sight field by μ and are of considerable importance for deducing the total magnetic flux of the Sun. They may also contribute to the resolution of the open flux problem.
Study on Biodegradation Technology for the Structural Change Reaction of Polymer Polylactic Acid
Authors: Chen Hanxi
Published: August 2024

The wide application of chemical substances, although it brings great convenience to people’s lives, but it is difficult to degrade in the natural environment of the chemical composition once the long-term retention of people’s living space, it will seriously jeopardize the living and ecological environment. The use of biodegradation technology can effectively reduce the harm caused by chemical substances. The use of biodegradation technology can effectively reduce the harm caused by chemical substances. Based on the above background, the biodegradation technology for the structure change reaction of polymer polylactic acid (PLA) was studied. In the process of structure change reaction of polymer PLA, the cyclic degradation model is established and the thermal change reaction is analyzed, so as to find out the degradation weight loss rate and thermal properties, and complete the analysis of the thermal degradation behavior of polymer PLA. Clarify the basic concepts of polymer biodegradation, classify them, then prepare raw materials, simulate the biodegradation process, and analyze the specific implementation based on the degradation results.
Research Progress of Paclitaxel Drug Source Solution and Extraction and Separation Technology
Authors: Rao Linjie , Lyu Xinrong
Published: August 2024

Taxol, a natural secondary metabolite extracted from the bark of taxus chinensis, is one of the best natural anti-tumor drugs in the past decade and has great medicinal value. However, the content of paclitaxel in plant body is low, the extraction and separation are difficult, and the drug source is short. Based on the review of the literature on paclitaxel, this paper discusses and reviews the solutions of paclitaxel’s drug sources in terms of its synthesis, plant cell culture, endophytic fungi fermentation and synthetic biology. The research progress of paclitaxel extraction and separation technology and the possibility of large-scale industrial production were considered and prospected, which provided a reference for the solution of the drug source problem of paclitaxel and further study.
Effects of food emulsifiers on gut microbiota
Authors: Liu Hanfei
Published: August 2024

Food emulsifier is mainly used in processed food, which involves the production and use and food safety issues. In recent years, more and more people suffer from metabolic diseases, which makes people begin to pay attention to them and study them in depth. In this paper, the relationship between food emulsifier and human gut microbiota is described in detail, and the relationship between gut microbiota and some common metabolic diseases and diet is introduced. Through the study of food emulsifier and gut microbiota, it is found that some food emulsifiers will change the gut microbiota and make it disordered; others are beneficial to their metabolic function. At the same time, some research experiments show that the results of food emulsifier acting on gut microbiota are different, indicating that the influence of food emulsifier on gut microbiota still needs to be further explored.
Volatile compounds of fresh pineapple (Ananas comosus cv. Josapine) in different harvest periods
Authors: Liu Shenghui , Wu Qingsong , Zhu Zhuying , Lin Wenqiu , Wei Changbin , Zhang Xiumei
Published: August 2024

‘Josapine’ is a famous pineapple cultivar as a kind of table fruit with a strong special aromatic fragrance like rose or jasmine, In this paper, ripen fruits were harvested monthly from January to June, and volatile compounds were measured by HS-SPME-GC-MS method to reveal the mysterious aroma compounds. Results showed that 112 volatile compounds totally were found in 5 harvest time. Esters and terpenes are the dominant volatiles among Josapine. February fruits contained the most abundant esters with 80.85% of total volatiles and May fruits contained the richest terpenes with 57.17%. In April and May harvested period, (Z)- β-ocimene was extremely significantly higher than that of other three periods. In March fruit. fruits smelt much more floral than in February and March probably attribute to the abundant (Z)-β-ocimene.
Pathogenesis and Clinical Research Progress of COVID-19
Authors: Zheng Chunqian
Published: August 2024

The global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 has had an unprecedented impact on human society. Over the past three years, the medical and scientific communities have been working to study the mechanisms of infection and identify effective prevention and treatment measures. This article reviews the molecular characteristics, origin and host, transmission and evolution, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, complications, examination methods, clinical treatment progress, etc. of COVID-19, providing a theoretical framework for in-depth understanding of COVID-19 and finding effective treatments. And explore the feasibility of traditional Chinese medicine therapy in the treatment of new coronavirus.
A Systematic Review of Application of Resveratrol and the Recent Progress of the Drug Delivery System
Authors: Li Yuexin
Published: August 2024

Background: Resveratrol is a natural compound in plants like grapes and peanuts, it’s an antioxidant used in supplements and medicine. It’s a colorless crystal soluble in organic solvents, with poor water solubility but high cell membrane permeability. It exists in cis and trans forms. Objective: To explore the background of resveratrol, this review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in resveratrol including its application in cancer, type-2 diabetes mellitus, vascular disease, and the delivery system. Data sources: We performed a narrative review, based on relevant articles written in English from a PubMed search, using the following search terms: “resveratrol”, and “bioavailability” and “bone health” or “cancer”, or “cardiovascular”, or “diabetes” or “estrogen” or “weight management” or “metabolism”. Results: Cancer’s aggressive nature requires multiple therapies, but they often cause side effects. Resveratrol (RSV) is a promising cancer treatment due to its fewer adverse effects. It inhibits cancer cell growth and promotes cell death by targeting specific pathways. Recent studies also examine the relationship between polyphenol intake and diabetes markers in overweight/obese individuals with metabolic syndrome. Increased polyphenol intake may reduce these markers, particularly in those with pre-diabetes. However, findings vary due to study heterogeneity. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor in cardiovascular diseases. Phytochemical compounds, like resveratrol have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that protect the cardiovascular system. Resveratrol prevents inflammation, reduces oxidative stress, and improves endothelial function, making it a promising therapy for cardiovascular diseases. To face the limitation like its low solubility and rapid metabolism, the drug delivery system has also been studied in this review. Various nanodelivery systems, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, have shown promise in overcoming these challenges by improving solubility, biocompatibility, and therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: While recent advancements in resveratrol’s application show promise, further research is needed to optimize nanoformulations, validate efficacy in vivo, and tackle challenges like scalability and toxicity. Overall, these developments offer a promising path to maximize resveratrol’s therapeutic potential in clinical settings.
Biostimulant effect of quantitative indicators of winter rape (Brassica napus L.) quantitative indicators
Authors: Kubina Lajos , Molnár Zoltán , Süle Bálint , Molnár Judit , Kalocsai Renátó
Published: August 2024

In recent years, one of the major challenges for plant breeders has been the control of abiotic environmental stresses (drought, UV stress, salt concentration, water pressure). Increasingly variable and unpredictable weather anomalies are a warning of the detrimental effects they have on the growth of our crops and prevent us from reaching the potential of our genetic potential and nutrient supply. To prevent and reduce losses, the potential to protect plant health and increase plant resistance to stress must be anticipated and applied in the future if we are to be successful in agricultural production. One element of this is plant biostimulation. Today, crop producers use biostimulants as a compliance pressure, to obtain more subsidies (Agriecological Programme). Biostimulants applied inappropriately (mixed with herbicides), targeted, and at the right time, can have the opposite effect. This also induce irreversible processes in the crop plant. Although the winter swede rape area has been significantly reduced in our country, there are those who persevere despite the difficulties of growing it. Rapes can be successfully grown today with great care and intensive technology, and the weather conditions of recent years have consistently shown that environmental anomalies have a significant impact on its yield. In rapes, the use of biostimulators and fertilising products is considered common. Our studies with Quantis in rapes have clearly proven its effectiveness. In this article we would like to present the effect of biostiumulant (Quantis) on the production of rapes.
Weed detection in agricultural fields using machine vision
Authors: Moldvai László , Ambrus Bálint , Teschner Gergely , Nyéki Anikó
Published: August 2024

Weeds have the potential to cause significant damage to agricultural fields, so the development of weed detection and automatic weed control in these areas is very important. Weed detection based on RGB images allows more efficient management of crop fields, reducing production costs and increasing yields. Conventional weed control methods can often be time-consuming and costly. It can also cause environmental damage through overuse of chemicals. Automated weed detection and control technologies enable precision agriculture, where weeds are accurately identified and targeted, minimizing chemical use and environmental impact. Overall, weed detection and automated weed control represent a significant step forward in agriculture, helping farmers to reduce production costs, increase crop safety, and develop more sustainable agricultural practices. Thanks to technological advances, we can expect more efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for weed control in the future. Developing weed detection and automated control technologies is crucial for enhancing agricultural efficiency. Employing RGB images for weed identification not only lowers production costs but also mitigates environmental damage caused by excessive chemical use. This study explores automated weed detection systems, emphasizing their role in precision agriculture, which ensures minimal chemical use while maximizing crop safety and sustainability.
Application of atomic spectroscopy for trace element analysis of fruit juices: A review
Authors: Hemachandra Pavithra , Bencs László , Ajtony Zsolt
Published: August 2024

Trace elements are crucial for human nutrition, requiring their precise analysis in fruit juices to ensure product quality and assess contamination risks. Atomic spectroscopy techniques including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) are sensitive, selective and versatile tools for trace element analysis of various solid and solution samples. Matrix modifiers, sample introduction and sample preparation methods are pivotal for improving the accuracy and mitigating matrix interferences. Further advancements in instrumentation are essential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these techniques, highlighting their principles, advantages, limitations and future research directions in fruit juice analysis. Its global applications, focusing on As, Cd, Co, and Pb, along with sample preparation methods, element concentrations, detection limits, and recovery values, have been explored.
Quantitative comparison of some faecal bacterial communities in groups of Mangalica and commercial pigs
Authors: Tempfli Károly , Herceg Emil Balázs , Szalai Klaudia , Szabó-Sárvári Loretta , Pongrácz László , Bali Papp Ágnes
Published: August 2024

Different housing technology, breed, age and nutrition can contribute to changes in the composition of microbial communities in pigs. Faecal samples from groups of Mangalica and commercial pigs were collected and analysed by qPCR in order to identify changes and differences regarding the quantity of total faecal bacteria, Prevotella genus, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. and the family Enterobacteriaceae. In both Mangalica and commercial pig samples, quantities of total faecal bacteria increased from weaner pigs to lactating sows. The relative quantity of total bacteria was larger (p<0.05) in Mangalica growers and lactating sows compared to commercial pigs. The ratio of Prevotella genus in total bacteria was higher (p<0.05) in Mangalica growers and lower in Mangalica lactating sows compared to respective commercial groups. The ratio of Lactobacillus spp. was largest (p<0.05) in samples of Mangalica boars, whereas ratios of Bifidobacterium spp. were greater (p<0.05) in Mangalica weaners, growers, and boars. Faecal samples of Mangalica growers contained a higher ratio of Enterobacteriaceae in total bacteria, whereas Enterococcus spp. was more prevalent in commercial weaner pigs and boars (p<0.05). Considerable changes in faecal bacteria communities were observed in association with different age and utilization.
The fermentability of agricultural raw materials by probiotic bacterial strains
Authors: Hatvan Zoltán , Varga László , Székelyhidi Rita , Ásványi Balázs
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentability of various agricultural raw materials using a novel Liquid State Fermentation (LSF) technique. The formulations were based on protein-rich plant ingredients, such as sunflower, wheat, and rapeseed, addressing the persistent issue of byproducts in the food industry by seeking alternative utilization methods. While the LSF method has been used in pork production, it remains a new technology in the poultry sector. Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and Corn-Gluten Feed (CGF) were chosen based on previous experiments. These mixtures were enhanced by inoculation with various bacterial strains to produce fermented feeds with probiotic properties. The bacteria played a crucial role in the entire fermentation process. The starters included a commercial culture and fresh sweet whey of a semi-hard cheese. Additionally, selected bacterial strains were used based on previous research and literature data. Solaris model bioreactor system were utilized to produce the fermented feeds. This approach aims to promote a healthier gastrointestinal system in farm animals, protecting them against pathogenic bacteria. The fermentation process was designed to generate beneficial molecules such as enzymes, organic acids, and bacteriocins, further supporting the health benefits of the final product. This is significant because such feed can reduce the need for antibiotics in farm animal breeding, aligning with the EU’s stance on minimizing antibiotic usage. Throughout our research, we meticulously monitored the fermentation process, gathering data for a comprehensive comparison. Our analysis focused on changes in pH, the microbiological and hygienic properties of the feed, and the production of organic acids in the fermenting mixtures. The results consistently showed a decrease in pH values after 24 h of fermentation. DDGS with selected strains exhibited the highest LAB counts at 9.89 log10 CFU/cm³, whereas the combination of CGF and whey produced the highest lactic acid concentration at 28.86 mg/ml. These promising results warrant further investigation through animal trials.
Interaction of milrinone with extracorporeal life support
Authors: Whelan Aviva J. , Mim Sabiha , Hunt J. Porter , McKnite Autumn M. , Green Danielle J. , Imburgia Carina E. , Momper Jeremiah D. , Stitt Gideon , Watt Kevin M.
Published: August 2024

Background: Milrinone is commonly prescribed to critically ill patients who need extracorporeal life support such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Currently, the effect of ECMO and CRRT on the disposition of milrinone is unknown. Methods: Ex vivo ECMO and CRRT circuits were primed with human blood and then dosed with milrinone to study drug extraction by the circuits. Milrinone percent recovery over time was calculated to determine circuit component interaction with milrinone. Results: Milrinone did not exhibit measurable interactions with the ECMO circuit, however, CRRT cleared 99% of milrinone from the experimental circuit within the first 2 hours. Conclusion: Milrinone dosing adjustments are likely required in patients who are supported with CRRT while dosing adjustments for ECMO based on these ex-vivo results are likely unnecessary. These results will help improve the safety and efficacy of milrinone in patients requiring ECMO and CRRT. Due to the limitations of ex-vivo experiments, future studies of milrinone exposure with ECLS should include patient circuit interactions as well as the physiology of critical illness.
Static stress and fatigue life analysis of rocket trolley leaf spring using numerical simulation
Authors: Wibawa Lasinta Ari Nendra , Ibadi Mahfud , Purnomo Herry
Published: August 2024

A rocket trolley is an equipment used to transport or move rockets from one place to another. A leaf spring is one of the essentials of a rocket trolley. The research seeks to assess how different loads impact static stress and forecast the fatigue lifespan of the leaf spring component in the rocket trolley. The material used for the leaf spring components is Aluminium 6061 alloy, which possesses low density, moderate strength, and corrosion resistance. Leaf spring analysis was conducted utilizing the finite element method facilitated by Ansys Workbench software. Leaf spring is subjected to 6 variations of loading. The simulation results show that the leaf spring design can withstand various loading variations with a maximum von Mises stress of 171.87 MPa and a safety factor of 1.61 for a simulation of static stress at a load of 14700 N. The simulation of the fatigue life of the leaf spring can reach 1.44 x 105 cycles with a safety factor of 1.05 at the highest loading.
Portal Hypertensive Mayhem: A Case Report of Colonic Variceal Bleeding Treated by Antegrade Embolization
Authors: Unhale Tushar , Devkota Ganesh , Trivedi Harshil , Garg Pallavi , Bashir Shahnawaz , Shawl Muzaffer Rashid , Madan Kaushal
Published: August 2024

In patients with cirrhosis of the liver, acute variceal bleeding can be fatal. Bleeding colonic varices is a very rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding that can result in massive hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Here we present the case of a 50-year-old gentleman, having cirrhosis of the liver with chronic portal vein occlusion, who presented with massive bleeding per rectum. Contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed a large shunt arising from the superior mesenteric vein forming submucosal colonic varices and joining the right renal vein. He underwent successful obliteration of the varix by antegrade endovascular embolization via the trans-splenic access. Endovascular embolization could be an effective and life-saving treatment option for colonic variceal bleeding.