bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular pulsatility indicates preoperative subcortical cognitive impairment and an increased risk for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective spine surgery
Authors: Saar Angelika , Müller Jonas , Veser Yannick , Behr Frederik , Rathmann Eiko , Schroeder Henry W. S. , Flöel Agnes , Müller Jan-Uwe , von Sarnowski Bettina , Fleischmann Robert
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Advances in spine surgery enable safe interventions in elderly patients, but perioperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD), such as post-operative delirium (POD) and cognitive dysfunction (POCD), remain a serious concern. Pre-operative cognitive impairment is a major risk factor for pNCD. Comprehensive pre-operative cognitive assessments are not feasible in clinical practice, making effective screening methods desirable. This study investigates whether pre-operative cerebrovascular duplex sonography can assess subcortical (vascular) cognitive impairment and the risk for POD.

Methods

This prospective single-center study recruited patients aged ≥60 years scheduled for elective spine surgery at a German university hospital. Patients underwent pre-operative assessments including cognitive abilities (CERAD test battery), structural MRI, and cerebrovascular duplex sonography. POD screening was conducted three times daily for at least 3 days. The primary hypothesis, that the mean pulsatility index (PI) of both internal carotid arteries (ICA) predicts POD risk, was tested using logistic regression. Secondary analyses examined the association between POD risk and ICA flow (time-averaged peak velocities, TAPV) and correlations with cognitive profiles and MRI characteristics.

Results

POD occurred in 22% of patients (n = 22/99) within three postoperative days. Patients with POD were significantly older (75.9 ± 5.4 vs. 70.0 ± 6.9 years, p < 0.01) but did not differ by gender (p = 0.51). ICA PI significantly predicted POD risk (OR = 5.46 [95%CI: 1.81–16.49], p = 0.003), which remained significant after adjustment for age and duration of surgery (ORadj = 6.38 [95% CI: 1.77–23.03], p = 0.005). TAPV did not inform the POD risk (p = 0.68). ICA PI Pre-operative cognitive scores were significantly associated with ICA PI (mean CERAD score: r = −0.32, p < 0.001). ICA PI was also significantly associated with total white matter lesion volume (τ = 0.19, p = 0.012) and periventricular white matter lesion volume (τ = 0.21, p = 0.007).

Discussion

This is the first study to demonstrate that cerebrovascular duplex sonography can assess the risk for POD in elderly spine surgery patients. Increased ICA PI may indicate subcortical impairment, larger white matter lesion load, and lower white matter volume, predisposing factors for POD. Pre-operative cerebrovascular duplex sonography of the ICA is widely available, easy-to-use, and efficient, offering a promising screening method for POD risk. Increased ICA PI could supplement established predictors like age to adjust surgical and peri-operative procedures to individual risk profiles.
Transgenic zebrafish as a model for investigating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: investigation of the role of insulin signaling
Authors: Lee Dong-Won , Park Hae-Chul , Kim Dong Hwee
Published: September 2024

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from hyperglycemic damage and deficient insulin receptor (IR) signaling in peripheral nerves, triggered by failure of insulin production and insulin resistance. IR signaling plays an important role in nutrient metabolism and synaptic formation and maintenance in peripheral neurons. Although several animal models of DPN have been developed to identify new drug candidates using cytotoxic reagents, nutrient-rich diets, and genetic manipulations, a model showing beneficial effects remains to be established. In this study, we aimed to develop a DPN animal model using zebrafish to validate the effects of drug candidates on sensory neuropathy through in vivo imaging during the early larval stage. To achieve this, we generated Tg (ins:gal4p16);Tg (5uas:epNTR-p2a-mcherry) zebrafish using an enhanced potency nitroreductase (epNTR)-mediated chemogenetic ablation system, which showed highly efficient ablation of pancreatic β-cells following treatment with low-dose metronidazole (MTZ). Using in vivo live imaging, we observed that sensory nerve endings and postsynaptic formation in the peripheral lateral line (PLL) were defective, followed by a disturbance in rheotaxis behavior without any locomotory behavioral changes. Despite defects in sensory nerves and elevated glucose levels, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, a primary cause of DPN, and the number of ganglion cells, remained normal. Furthermore, we found that the activity of mTOR, a downstream target of IR signaling, was decreased in the PLL ganglion cells of the transgenic zebrafish. Our data indicates that peripheral neuropathy results from the loss of IR signaling due to insulin deficiency rather than hyperglycemia alone.
Research hotspots and trends of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Yang Chunlan , Chen Yin , Nie Kailu , Wang Tingting , Qu Yun
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) is an emerging neuromodulation technique in recent years, which plays a role in nervous system diseases, psychiatric diseases, and autoimmune diseases. However, there is currently no comprehensive analysis of all the literature published in this field. Therefore, in this article, a bibliometric analysis will be conducted on all the literature published in the field of nVNS in the past 20 years.

Methods

All articles and reviews published in this field from 2004 to 2023 were extracted from the WOS core database. VOSviewer 1.6.18.0, Scimago Graphica, CiteSpace 6.2.R2, and Excel 2021 were used to analyze the number of publications, participating countries, institutions, authors, references, and research hotspots in this field.

Results

A total of 843 articles were included in the bibliometric analysis of nVNS. Over the past 20 years, the number of publications in this field has gradually increased, reaching a peak in 2023. The United States and China ranked top two in terms of publication volume, and institutions from these two countries also ranked high in terms of publication volume, citation count, and collaboration intensity. Rong Peijing is the author with the most publications, while Bashar W Badran is the most cited author. Articles in the field of nVNS were most frequently published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, while Brain Stimulation had the most citations. Currently, research hotspots in nVNS mainly focus on its application in diseases and related mechanisms.

Conclusion

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the field of nVNS, clarifying the previous research directions, which is helpful to expand its indications and promote clinical application.
Exploring the impact of HDL and LMNA gene expression on immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC: a comprehensive analysis using clinical & gene data
Authors: Li Jingru , Wang Jingting , Cao Bangwei
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Analyzing the impact of peripheral lipid levels on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient populations and exploring whether it can serve as a biomarker for broadening precise selection of individuals benefiting from immunotherapy.

Methods

We retrospectively collected clinical data from 201 cases of NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The clinical information included biochemical indicators like total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We utilized machine learning algorithms and Cox proportional hazards regression models to investigate independent predictors for both short-term and long-term efficacy of immunotherapy. Additionally, we concurrently developed a survival prediction model. Analyzing the Genes of Patients with Treatment Differences to Uncover Mechanisms

Results

Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between HDL and ORR, DCR, and PFS. T-test results indicated that the high-HDL group exhibited higher DCR (81.97% vs. 45.57%) and ORR (61.48% vs. 16.46%). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the high-HDL group had a longer median PFS (11 months vs. 6 months). Utilizing six machine learning algorithms, we constructed models to predict disease relief and stability. The model built using the random forest algorithm demonstrated superior performance, with AUC values of 0.858 and 0.802. Furthermore, both univariate and multivariate Cox analyses identified HDL and LDL as independent risk factors for predicting PFS. In patients with poor immunotherapy response, there is upregulation of BCL2L11, AKT1, and LMNA expression.

Conclusion

HDL and LDL are independent factors influencing the survival prognosis of NSCLC patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. HDL is expected to become new biomarkers for predicting the immunotherapy efficacy in patients with NSCLC. In patients with poor immunotherapy response, upregulation of the LMNA gene leads to apoptosis resistance and abnormal lipid metabolism.
The sympathetic nervous system shapes the tumor microenvironment to impair chemotherapy response
Authors: Manoleras Annabel V. , Sloan Erica K. , Chang Aeson
Published: September 2024

The tumor microenvironment influences cancer progression and response to treatments, which ultimately impacts the survival of patients with cancer. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a core component of solid tumors that arise in the body. In addition to influencing cancer progression, a role for the SNS in the effectiveness of cancer treatments is beginning to emerge. This review explores evidence that the SNS impairs chemotherapy efficacy. We review findings of studies that evaluated the impact of neural ablation on chemotherapy outcomes and discuss plausible mechanisms for the impact of neural signaling on chemotherapy efficacy. We then discuss implications for clinical practice, including opportunities to block neural signaling to improve response to chemotherapy.
Seroprevalence of camelpox and its associated risk factors in selected districts of Jarar zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Arog Hassan Abdi , Ahad Abdullahi Adan , Gebremeskel Haben Fesseha , Kebede Isayas Asefa
Published: September 2024

Background

Camelpox is a common viral disease of camelids caused by camelpox virus, which is endemic in most camelid-breeding countries including Ethiopia, and causes major economic losses. This study aimed to quantify the seroprevalence of camelpox and identify associated risk factors to put into practice efficient control strategies for the disease in the study area.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and July of 2023. Blood samples were collected from 374 camels of 75 households residing in two districts in six peasant associations. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect camelpox-specific antibodies from sera samples. To identify potential risk factors, camel owners were asked in face-to-face interviews.

Results

The overall seroprevalence of camelpox in the study areas was 16.0% (95% confidence interval: 12.0%–20.0%). A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed risk factors season, age, and sex had an association with seroprevalence of camelpox (p < 0.05). Sex was strongly associated with camelpox seropositivity, with female camels having a 3.2-fold higher risk of infection than male camels. Likewise, age-related vulnerability to infection was observed in young dromedaries, as they were 2.3 times more likely to become infected than adults.

Conclusion

This study revealed moderate seroprevalence of camelpox in the study area. Thus, effective preventative strategies, such as vaccination programs to stop the spread of camelpox and reduce the financial losses caused by the disease, should be encouraged.
Structural Reliability Analysis Using Stochastic Finite Element Method Based on Krylov Subspace
Authors: Huang Jianyun , Yang Qiuwei , Cao Hongfei , Ma Jiwei
Published: September 2024

The stochastic finite element method is an important tool for structural reliability analysis. In order to improve the calculation efficiency, a stochastic finite element method based on the Krylov subspace is proposed for the static reliability analysis of structures. The first step of the proposed method is to preprocess the static response equation considering randomness to reduce the condition number of the coefficient matrix. The second step of the proposed method is to construct a Krylov subspace based on the preprocessed static response equation. Then, the static displacement of random sampling is expressed as a linear combination of subspace basis vectors to achieve the purpose of a fast solution. Finally, statistics and failure probability are calculated according to the static response obtained from thousands of random samples. Three numerical examples are given to compare the proposed method with the stochastic finite element method based on the Neumann series. The results show that the stochastic finite element method based on the Krylov subspace is more accurate and efficient than the stochastic finite element method based on the Neumann series.
Enhanced Hand–Eye Coordination Control for Six-Axis Robots Using YOLOv5 with Attention Module
Authors: Wei Yulan , Liao Chenghao , Zhang Liang , Zhang Qingzhu , Shen Yang , Zang Ying , Li Siqi , Huang Haibo
Published: September 2024

Utilizing machine vision technology based on YOLOv5, a six-axis robot can quickly identify and classify targets. However, when the YOLOv5 model is used for the recognition and grasping of small workpieces, issues such as low precision and missed detections frequently occur. This paper proposes an enhanced object recognition algorithm, integrating a CBAM attention module and an improved loss function into YOLOv5 to control the hand–eye coordination of the six-axis robot during grasping. The CBAM attention module is incorporated into the backbone network of YOLOv5 to enhance its feature extraction capabilities, while the original loss function is modified to accelerate convergence and improve regression accuracy. An experimental platform for six-axis robot hand–eye coordination grasping was built, and grasping experiments were conducted. The proposed method significantly improves the robot’s grasping accuracy, with a 99.59% mAP0.5 and a 90.83% successful grasping rate, effectively addressing the challenges of low accuracy and missed detections in traditional systems.
Redundancy Control Strategy for a Dual-Redundancy Steer-by-Wire System
Authors: Wang Ke , Qu Baojun , Gao Mingwang
Published: September 2024

Currently, key factors hindering application of steer-by-wire systems are their inadequate safety and reliability, which are significant criteria for evaluating automotive active safety. Based on the steer-by-wire platform, a dual-redundant steering motor control system is proposed, featuring dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors as execution motors, achieving redundancy from hardware. A torque vector-space-decoupling control method is introduced for these motors to ensure balanced and stable torque output. Upon a fault, fault-tolerant measures are taken by disconnecting power supply to the affected motor, which, despite reducing system functionality, allows for normal steering control. This research starts with modeling the dual three-phase motors to construct a simulation model. It then proceeds with hardware-in-the-loop testing integrated with the dual-redundancy steer-by-wire control system, conducting tests under dual-lane-change trajectory conditions. Finally, a steering system fault is simulated to assess fault handling and functional degradation. These experiments confirmed that the proposed method enabled balanced torque output from the dual three-phase motors in the redundant steering control and facilitated fault-tolerant processing post fault, ensuring the vehicle’s steering functions were maintained.
Large Debris Removal: Using Features of Attitude Motion for Load Factor Regulation during Re-Entry
Authors: Aslanov Vladimir S. , Sizov Dmitry A.
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on the active removal of spent upper stages from LEO using de-orbiting devices. It proposes a method of regulating aerodynamic loads on the target during its re-entry by utilizing the features of spatial attitude motion. A mathematical model of the re-entry process is developed, and numerical simulations are conducted, demonstrating that the nature of the attitude motion during the descent influences the load factors and, thus, the breakup altitude. It is shown that the respective de-orbiting devices should control both the initial tumbling and spin of the target to achieve different mission outcomes, such as minimizing the debris footprint size or maximizing the breakup altitude.
A Study of Cislunar-Based Small Satellite Constellations with Sustainable Autonomy
Authors: Rashed Mohammed Irfan , Bang Hyochoong
Published: September 2024

The Cislunar economy is thriving with innovative space systems and operation techniques to enhance and uplift the traditional approaches significantly. This paper brings about an approach for sustainable small satellite constellations to retain autonomy for long-term missions in the Cislunar space. The methodology presented is to align the hybrid model of the constellation for Earth and Moon as an integral portion of the Cislunar operations. These hybrid constellations can provide a breakthrough in optimally utilizing the Cislunar space to efficiently deploy prominent missions to be operated and avoid conjunction or collisions forming additional debris. Flower and walker constellation patterns have been combined to form a well-defined orientation for these small satellites to operate and deliver the tasks satisfying the mission objectives. The autonomous multi-parametric analysis for each constellation based in Earth and Moon’s environment has been attained with due consideration to local environments. Specifically, the Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is a critical constraint in Cislunar operations and is observed during simulations. These are supported by conjunction analysis using the Monte Carlo technique and also the effect of the SRP on the operating small satellites in real-time scenarios. This is followed by the observed conclusions and the way forward in this fiercely competent Cislunar operation.
Enhanced Soybean Growth and the Associated Ion Balance, Nutrient Accumulation, and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community When Intercropped with Suaeda salsa in Saline Soils
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Liu Jinbiao , Liu Yalan , Tian Changyan
Published: September 2024

Halophyte-based desalinization is emerging as a promising technology for saline agriculture. However, few studies have integrated halophytes into intercropping systems. This study investigated Suaeda salsa and soybean intercropping and the associated mechanisms, including changes in salt, nutrients, and bacterial communities at three salt treatments (control, 3‰, and 5‰). The results showed that regardless of salt treatment, soybean biomass and P content significantly increased in intercropping compared with monocropping, by an average of 32% and 51%, respectively (p < 0.05), indicating interspecific facilitation. Under 5‰ salt, soybean mortality decreased from 37% in monocropping to 10% in intercropping, and shoot Na decreased by over 60% in intercropping; the rhizosphere Na+, Cl−, and NO3−–N decreased in intercropping by over 75% compared with monocropping, and the response ratios correlated negatively with S. salsa biomass (p < 0.01). The soybean rhizosphere bacterial community in intercropping was enriched with the genera Sphingomonas, Salinimicrobium, Lysobacter, Allorhizobium–Neorhizobium–Pararhizobium–Rhizobium, and Ramlibacter, and the bacterial co-occurrence network exhibited increases in the number of nodes and edges, average degree, and average clustering coefficient. Considering the combined effects, the soybean biomass of intercropping correlated positively with bacterial co-occurrence network parameters, including average degree and number of edges, independent of tissue salt and nutrient content, and that of monocropping correlated negatively with tissue salt content. These results demonstrate that S. salsa intercropping could alleviate salt stress in soybean by creating a low-salt environment and improving its nutrient accumulation and rhizosphere bacterial community, and emphasize the importance of microbial communities in influencing soybean growth.
Grape Endophytic Microbial Community Structures and Berry Volatile Components Response to the Variation of Vineyard Sites
Authors: Ren Ruihua , Zeng Maoyu , Liu Yunqi , Shi Jingjing , Wan Zhuowu , Wang Miaomiao , Zhang Shibo , Zhang Zhenwen , Zeng Qingqing
Published: September 2024

Vitis vinifera L. is a commercially important horticultural plant with abundant microbial resources. However, the impact of grape-associated microbiota on grape quality and flavor has been largely overlooked. We integrated volatomics and microbiomics to explore temporal variations in berry volatiles and microbial diversity of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in Ningxia (NX) and Shanxi (SX), and the correlation between microbial communities and volatiles. A total of 38 and 35 free and bound aroma compounds, respectively, were identified in NX berries and SX berries. For free aroma, these 38 compounds were classified into aldehydes (69%), alcohols (22%), acids (4%), aromatics (4%), terpenes (0.6%), esters (0.37%), and norisoprenoids (0.3%). Similarly, the 35 bound aromas were attributed to aromatics (58%), acids (29%), terpenes (4%), esters (3%), alcohols (2.82%), aldehydes (2.78%), and norisoprenoids (0.4%). Additionally, a total of 616 bacterial genera and 254 fungal genera were detected in all samples from both regions. The results demonstrated that vineyard sites significantly shaped the characteristics of berry volatiles and microbial biogeographic patterns. SX berries exhibited more abundant free aroma and higher microbial diversity than NX berries, with three key taxa (Sphingomonas, Massilia, and Bacillus) identified in the bacterial network. Correlation analysis results highlighted that these key taxa might play an important role in berry-free aroma. This study reveals the crucial role of microbes in shaping grape flavor and uncovers the link between microbial diversity and the regional attributes of grapes and wine.
Short Immobilization in a Sling Does Not Lead to Increased Salivary Cortisol Levels in Pigs
Authors: Puy Sara , Giral Marta , García-Olmo Dolores C.
Published: September 2024

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential stress developed in farm hybrid pigs and miniature laboratory pigs briefly restrained in a sling, by measuring salivary cortisol levels. The study was performed in 20 healthy pigs grouped into three groups: group HYB-F: hybrid female pigs (n = 12), housed at the CREBA facility (Lleida, Spain); group MIN-F: Specipig® miniature female pigs (n = 4), housed at the CREBA facility; group MIN-M: Specipig® miniature male pigs (n = 4), housed at the Almirall facility (Barcelona, Spain). Upon arrival, the animals were enrolled in a social habituation and training program, which included habituation to a restraint sling. The sling was a stainless steel structure with a canvas hammock which had four openings for placing the animal’s feet. The assessment of stress levels in the sling was carried out by measuring cortisol levels in saliva samples. Five saliva samples were collected from each animal over 4 days: Sample 1 (basal sample): taken after animals perceived the presence of the technicians in the pen; Sample 2: taken after animals saw the sling in the pen; Sample 3: taken when animals were in the sling; Sample 4: taken 1 min after the previous one; Sample 5: taken after animals were released back on the floor. In group HYB-F, five animals (5/12) showed strong resistance and could not be restrained in the sling on at least one day. All animals in the groups of miniature pigs could be restrained on all the days. Within each group, the manipulation phase did not affect salivary cortisol levels. Likewise, salivary cortisol levels did not change significantly across days in either group. In conclusion, salivary cortisol levels did not increase when pigs were lifted and briefly restrained in the sling, even though some of them (in particular, the hybrid pigs) showed apparent signs of stress. The lack of correlation between such apparent stress and salivary cortisol levels might be because the vocalizations and movements were not really signs of stress, but simply a way of releasing discomfort, learned in the process of socialization and habituation. In light of this unexpected conclusion, further studies are needed to collect other physiological and behavioral data to clarify what actually happens when pigs are restrained in a sling.
Interplay between the Redox System and Renal Tubular Transport
Authors: Wang Xiao-Lan , Li Lianjian , Meng Xianfang
Published: September 2024

The kidney plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of body fluid by filtration of metabolic wastes and reabsorption of nutrients. Due to the overload, a vast of energy is required through aerobic metabolism, which inevitably leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney. Under unstressed conditions, ROS are counteracted by antioxidant systems and maintained at low levels, which are involved in signal transduction and physiological processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that the reduction–oxidation (redox) system interacts with renal tubular transport. Redox imbalance or dysfunction of tubular transport leads to renal disease. Here, we discuss the ROS and antioxidant systems in the kidney and outline the metabolic dysfunction that is a common feature of renal disease. Importantly, we describe the key molecules involved in renal tubular transport and their relationship to the redox system and, finally, summarize the impact of their dysregulation on the pathogenesis and progression of acute and chronic kidney disease.
Impact of Lockdowns on Air Pollution: Case Studies of Two Periods in 2022 in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Zhao Xinlei , Li Xian-Xiang , Xin Rui , Zhang Yuejuan , Liu Chun-Ho
Published: September 2024

The photochemical mechanisms of ozone (O3) formation are complex, and simply reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is insufficient to reduce O3 concentrations. The lockdown due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided a rare opportunity to explore the mechanisms of O3 formation and evaluate the performance of NOx emission control strategies through practical observations. This study integrates data from ground stations with observations from the TROPOMI sensor on the Sentinel-5P satellite to analyze air quality changes during the two one-month lockdown periods in Guangzhou, China, in March and November 2022. Our analysis particularly focuses on the impact of these lockdowns on O3 and NO2 concentrations, along with shifts in the sensitivity of ozone formation. Furthermore, we have assessed concentration changes of four major pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO. The results show that the average O3 concentration in Guangzhou decreased during the March lockdown, while the average O3 concentration at three stations in the western part of Guangzhou increased during the November lockdown. The western part of Guangzhou is a VOCs (volatile organic compounds)-limited zone, and the NO2 emission reduction from the lockdown reduced the titration effect on O3, which led to the increase in O3 concentration. Overall, the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on O3 concentrations depended on the local O3 producing sensitive system, and emissions of other major pollutants were reduced substantially, as reported in many other cities around the world.
A Two-Dimensional Nonlocal Fractional Parabolic Initial Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Mesloub Said , Alhazzani Eman , Gadain Hassan Eltayeb
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate a two-dimensional singular fractional-order parabolic partial differential equation in the Caputo sense. The partial differential equation is supplemented with Dirichlet and weighted integral boundary conditions. By employing a functional analysis method based on operator theory techniques, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the posed nonlocal initial boundary value problem. More precisely, we establish an a priori bound for the solution from which we deduce the uniqueness of the solution. For proof of its existence, we use various density arguments.
Two-Dimensional Time Fractional River-Pollution Model and Its Remediation by Unsteady Aeration
Authors: Tandel Priti V. , Maisuria Manan A. , Patel Trushitkumar
Published: September 2024

This study contains a mathematical model for river pollution and its remediation for an unsteady state and investigates the effect of aeration on the degradation of pollutants. The governing equation is a pair of nonlinear time-fractional two-dimensional advection-diffusion equations for pollutant and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. The coupling of these equations arises due to the chemical interactions between oxygen and pollutants, forming harmless chemicals. The Fractional Reduced Differential Transform Method (FRDTM) is applied to provide approximate solutions for the given model. Also, the convergence of solutions is checked for efficacy and accuracy. The effect of longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients of pollutant and DO on the concentration of pollutant and DO is analyzed numerically and graphically. Also, we checked the effect of change in the river’s longitudinal and transverse seepage velocity on pollutant and DO concentration numerically and graphically. We analyzed the comparison of change in the value of half-saturated oxygen demand concentration for pollutant decay on pollutant and DO concentration numerically and graphically. Also, numerical and graphical analysis examined the effect of fractional parameters on pollution levels.
Some New Algebraic Method Developments in the Characterization of Matrix Equalities
Authors: Tian Yongge
Published: September 2024

Algebraic expressions and equalities can be constructed arbitrarily in a given algebraic framework according to the operational rules provided, and thus it is a prominent and necessary task in mathematics and applications to construct, classify, and characterize various simple general algebraic expressions and equalities. As an update to this prominent topic in matrix algebra, this article reviews and improves upon the well-known block matrix methodology and matrix rank methodology in the construction and characterization of matrix equalities. We present a collection of fundamental and useful formulas for calculating the ranks of a wide range of block matrices and then derive from these rank formulas various valuable consequences. In particular, we present several groups of equivalent conditions in the characterizations of the Hermitian matrix, the skew-Hermitian matrix, the normal matrix, etc.
Binning Metagenomic Contigs Using Contig Embedding and Decomposed Tetranucleotide Frequency
Authors: Fu Long , Shi Jiabin , Huang Baohua
Published: September 2024

Metagenomic binning is a crucial step in metagenomic research. It can aggregate the genome sequences belonging to the same microbial species into independent bins. Most existing methods ignore the semantic information of contigs and lack effective processing of tetranucleotide frequency, resulting in insufficient and complex feature information extracted for binning and poor binning results. To address the above problems, we propose CedtBin, a metagenomic binning method based on contig embedding and decomposed tetranucleotide frequency. First, the improved BERT model is used to learn the contigs to obtain their embedding representation. Secondly, the tetranucleotide frequencies are decomposed using a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm. After that, the two features are spliced and input into the clustering algorithm for binning. Considering the sensitivity of the DBSCAN clustering algorithm to input parameters, in order to solve the drawbacks of manual parameter input, we also propose an Annoy-DBSCAN algorithm that can adaptively determine the parameters of the DBSCAN algorithm. This algorithm uses Approximate Nearest Neighbors Oh Yeah (Annoy) and combines it with a grid search strategy to find the optimal parameters of the DBSCAN algorithm. On simulated and real datasets, CedtBin achieves better binning results than mainstream methods and can reconstruct more genomes, indicating that the proposed method is effective.
Targeting Lactate: An Emerging Strategy for Macrophage Regulation in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer
Authors: Jiang Rong , Ren Wen-Jing , Wang Li-Ying , Zhang Wei , Jiang Zhi-Hong , Zhu Guo-Yuan
Published: September 2024

Lactate accumulation and macrophage infiltration are pivotal features of both chronic inflammation and cancer. Lactate, once regarded merely as an aftereffect of glucose metabolism, is now gaining recognition for its burgeoning spectrum of biological roles and immunomodulatory significance. Recent studies have evidenced that macrophages display divergent immunophenotypes in different diseases, which play a pivotal role in disease management by modulating macrophage polarization within the disease microenvironment. The specific polarization patterns of macrophages in a high-lactate environment and their contribution to the progression of chronic inflammation and cancer remain contentious. This review presents current evidence on the crosstalk of lactate and macrophage in chronic inflammation and cancer. Additionally, we provide an in-depth exploration of the pivotal yet enigmatic mechanisms through which lactate orchestrates disease pathogenesis, thereby offering novel perspectives to the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for chronic inflammation and cancer.
The Relationship between Lipoprotein A and the Prevalence of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Observational Study
Authors: Buciu Ionut Cezar , Tieranu Eugen Nicolae , Pircalabu Andreea Stefania , Zlatian Ovidiu Mircea , Donoiu Ionut , Militaru Constantin , Militaru Sebastian , Militaru Cristian
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a significant impact on socioeconomic aspects. Various biomarkers have been studied in relation to the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of atherosclerotic disease, with lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] standing out as an important predictor of cardiovascular risk. This observational study aimed to clarify the association between Lp (a) levels and the severity of significant multivessel coronary lesions in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Materials and Methods: Conducted at the Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Romania, the study involved 256 young patients divided into two groups based on Lp (a) levels: Group A (Lp (a) < 30 mg/dL) and Group B (Lp (a) ≥ 30 mg/dL). Patients included young adults up to 55 years for males and 60 years for females, excluding those with familial hypercholesterolemia. Results: The study revealed a significant association between elevated Lp (a) levels and the presence of multivessel coronary lesions. Patients with Lp (a) concentrations ≥ 30 mg/dL exhibited a higher prevalence of multivessel disease compared to those with lower levels. Discussion: The findings suggest that elevated Lp (a) levels are a crucial biomarker for the risk of coronary artery disease, particularly in young patients with AMI. The study emphasizes the need for aggressive lipid management strategies and personalized treatment approaches, considering the significant role of Lp (a) in atherosclerosis and AMI. Conclusions: Lipoprotein A levels above 30 mg/dL are associated with a higher prevalence of multivessel coronary lesions. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher Lp (a) levels and lower HDL levels are linked to an increased risk of multivessel coronary lesions.
Process Development for Fabricating 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone-Infiltrated Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft Granules: Effects of Infiltrated Solution Concentration and Agitating Liquid
Authors: Thammarakcharoen Faungchat , Srion Autcharaporn , Suvannapruk Waraporn , Chokevivat Watchara , Limtrakarn Wiroj , Suwanprateeb Jintamai
Published: September 2024

Bone grafts are commonly used in orthopedic and dental surgeries to facilitate bone repair and regeneration. A new type of bone graft, polycaprolactone-infiltrated three dimensionally printed hydroxyapatite (3DP HA/PCL), was previously developed by infiltrating polycaprolactone (PCL) into preformed three-dimensional-printed hydroxyapatite (3DP HA) that was fabricated using binder jetting technology combined with a low-temperature phase transformation process. However, when producing small granules, which are often used for bone grafting, issues of granule agglomeration emerged, complicating the application of this method. This study aimed to develop a fabrication process for 3DP HA/PCL bone graft granules using solution infiltration and liquid agitation. The effects of varying PCL solution concentrations (40% and 50% w/w) and different agitating liquids (deionized water or DI, N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone or NMP, and an NMP-DI mixture) on the properties of the resulting composites were investigated. XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the coexistence of HA and PCL within the composites. The final PCL content was comparable across all conditions. The contact angles of 3DP HA/PCL were 26.3 and 69.8 degree for 40% and 50% PCL solution, respectively, when using DI, but were zero when using NMP and NMP-DI. The highest compression load resistance and diametral tensile strength were achieved using the 50% PCL solution with DI or the NMP-DI mixture. DI resulted in a dense PCL coating, while NMP and the NMP-DI mixture produced a porous and irregular surface morphology. All samples exhibited a porous internal microstructure due to PCL infiltration into the initial pores of the 3D-printed HA. Biocompatibility tests showed that all samples supported the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, with the greatest OD values observed for the 50% PCL solution with DI or the NMP-DI mixture at each cultured period. Considering the microstructural, mechanical, and biological properties, the 50% PCL solution with the NMP-DI mixture demonstrated overall desirable properties.
A Multi-Omics Prognostic Model Capturing Tumor Stemness and the Immune Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xiong Beibei , Liu Wenqiang , Liu Ying , Chen Tong , Lin Anqi , Song Jiaao , Qu Le , Luo Peng , Jiang Aimin , Wang Linhui
Published: September 2024

Background: Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a distinct subset recognized for their stem cell-like abilities, are intimately linked to the resistance to radiotherapy, metastatic behaviors, and self-renewal capacities in tumors. Despite their relevance, the definitive traits and importance of CSCs in the realm of oncology are still not fully comprehended, particularly in the context of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A comprehensive understanding of these CSCs’ properties in relation to stemness, and their impact on the efficacy of treatment and resistance to medication, is of paramount importance. Methods: In a meticulous research effort, we have identified new molecular categories designated as CRCS1 and CRCS2 through the application of an unsupervised clustering algorithm. The analysis of these subtypes included a comprehensive examination of the tumor immune environment, patterns of metabolic activity, progression of the disease, and its response to immunotherapy. In addition, we have delved into understanding these subtypes’ distinctive clinical presentations, the landscape of their genomic alterations, and the likelihood of their response to various pharmacological interventions. Proceeding from these insights, prognostic models were developed that could potentially forecast the outcomes for patients with ccRCC, as well as inform strategies for the surveillance of recurrence after treatment and the handling of drug-resistant scenarios. Results: Compared with CRCS1, CRCS2 patients had a lower clinical stage/grading and a better prognosis. The CRCS2 subtype was in a hypoxic state and was characterized by suppression and exclusion of immune function, which was sensitive to gefitinib, erlotinib, and saracatinib. The constructed prognostic risk model performed well in both training and validation cohorts, helping to identify patients who may benefit from specific treatments or who are at risk of recurrence and drug resistance. A novel therapeutic target, SAA2, regulating neutrophil and fibroblast infiltration, and, thus promoting ccRCC progression, was identified. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the key role of CSCs in shaping the ccRCC tumor microenvironment, crucial for therapy research and clinical guidance. Recognizing tumor stemness helps to predict treatment efficacy, recurrence, and drug resistance, informing treatment strategies and enhancing ccRCC patient outcomes.
Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for People with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hourihane Eoin , Hixon Katherine R.
Published: September 2024

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening, genetic disease that affects approximately 145,000 people worldwide. CF causes a dehydrated mucus layer in the lungs, leading to damaging infection and inflammation that eventually result in death. Nanoparticles (NPs), drug delivery vehicles intended for inhalation, have become a recent source of interest for treating CF and CF-related conditions, and many formulations have been created thus far. This paper is intended to provide an overview of CF and the effect it has on the lungs, the barriers in using NP drug delivery vehicles for treatment, and three common material class choices for these NP formulations: metals, polymers, and lipids. The materials to be discussed include gold, silver, and iron oxide metallic NPs; polyethylene glycol, chitosan, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, and alginate polymeric NPs; and lipid-based NPs. The novelty of this review comes from a less specific focus on nanoparticle examples, with the focus instead being on the general theory behind material function, why or how a material might be used, and how it may be preferable to other materials used in treating CF. Finally, this paper ends with a short discussion of the two FDA-approved NPs for treatment of CF-related conditions and a recommendation for the future usage of NPs in people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF).
Optimizing Deep Learning Models with Improved BWO for TEC Prediction
Authors: Chen Yi , Liu Haijun , Shan Weifeng , Yao Yuan , Xing Lili , Wang Haoran , Zhang Kunpeng
Published: September 2024

The prediction of total ionospheric electron content (TEC) is of great significance for space weather monitoring and wireless communication. Recently, deep learning models have become increasingly popular in TEC prediction. However, these deep learning models usually contain a large number of hyperparameters. Finding the optimal hyperparameters (also known as hyperparameter optimization) is currently a great challenge, directly affecting the predictive performance of the deep learning models. The Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO) algorithm is a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm that can be used to optimize hyperparameters of deep learning models. However, it is easy to fall into local minima. This paper analyzed the drawbacks of BWO and proposed an improved BWO algorithm, named FAMBWO (Firefly Assisted Multi-strategy Beluga Whale Optimization). Our proposed FAMBWO was compared with 11 state-of-the-art swarm intelligence optimization algorithms on 30 benchmark functions, and the results showed that our improved algorithm had faster convergence speed and better solutions on almost all benchmark functions. Then we proposed an automated machine learning framework FAMBWO-MA-BiLSTM for TEC prediction, where MA-BiLSTM is for TEC prediction and FAMBWO for hyperparameters optimization. We compared it with grid search, random search, Bayesian optimization algorithm and beluga whale optimization algorithm. Results showed that the MA-BiLSTM model optimized by FAMBWO is significantly better than the MA-BiLSTM model optimized by grid search, random search, Bayesian optimization algorithm, and BWO.
The Elimination of Viroids through In Vitro Thermotherapy and a Meristem Tip Culture from a New Limonime Hybrid (Citrus x limon var. limon (L.) Burm. f. x Citrus latifolia var. latifolia)
Authors: Sarropoulou Virginia , Grigoriadou Katerina , Maliogka Varvara I. , Sassalou Chrysoula-Lito , Ziogas Vasileios
Published: September 2024

Viruses and viroids pose a significant challenge in citriculture, and their control is crucial for plant health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of in vitro thermotherapy combined with a meristem tip culture for eliminating citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from a new limonime hybrid (Citrus x limon var. limon x Citrus latifolia var. latifolia). The elimination success was confirmed by RT-PCR assays. The in vitro elimination rate for CEVd during the shoot proliferation stage (43%) was higher than for HSVd (21%). Accordingly, in the subsequent rooting stage, the in vitro elimination rate for CEVd (50%) was higher than for HSVd (33%). Successful CEVd and HSVd eradication at a 100% rate was confirmed in the ex vitro acclimatized plants in the greenhouse. The study also established an efficient micropropagation protocol. The optimal treatment for in vitro shoot induction was 0.5–2 mg L−1 benzyladenine (BA) + 0.5 mg L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) + 0.25 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), while for shoot elongation, it was 0.5 mg L−1 BA + 0.5 mg L−1 kinetin (KIN) + 0.5 mg L−1 GA3 + 0.25 mg L−1 NAA. Rooting was best promoted by 1 mg L−1 NAA. This study provides valuable insights for the mass production of viroid-free propagation material in this new lemon x lime hybrid, contributing to the conservation of genetic resources in citrus breeding programs through the combined application of in vitro thermotherapy and an in vitro meristem tip culture, a novel and highlighted achievement reported for the first time in this study.