bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting Long-Term Urban Forest Cover Change and Impacts of Natural Disasters Using High-Resolution Aerial Images and LiDAR Data
Authors: Blackman Raoul , Yuan Fei
Published: June 2020

Urban forests provide ecosystem services; tree canopy cover is the basic quantification of ecosystem services. Ground assessment of the urban forest is limited; with continued refinement, remote sensing can become an essential tool for analyzing the urban forest. This study addresses three research questions that are essential for urban forest management using remote sensing: (1) Can object-based image analysis (OBIA) and non-image classification methods (such as random point-based evaluation) accurately determine urban canopy coverage using high-spatial-resolution aerial images? (2) Is it possible to assess the impact of natural disturbances in addition to other factors (such as urban development) on urban canopy changes in the classification map created by OBIA? (3) How can we use Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and technology to extract urban canopy metrics accurately and effectively? The urban forest canopy area and location within the City of St Peter, Minnesota (MN) boundary between 1938 and 2019 were defined using both OBIA and random-point-based methods with high-spatial-resolution aerial images. Impacts of natural disasters, such as the 1998 tornado and tree diseases, on the urban canopy cover area, were examined. Finally, LiDAR data was used to determine the height, density, crown area, diameter, and volume of the urban forest canopy. Both OBIA and random-point methods gave accurate results of canopy coverages. The OBIA is relatively more time-consuming and requires specialist knowledge, whereas the random-point-based method only shows the total coverage of the classes without locational information. Canopy change caused by tornado was discernible in the canopy OBIA-based classification maps while the change due to diseases was undetectable. To accurately exact urban canopy metrics besides tree locations, dense LiDAR point cloud data collected at the leaf-on season as well as algorithms or software developed specifically for urban forest analysis using LiDAR data are needed.
Transmedia Practices and Collaborative Strategies in Informal Learning of Adolescents
Authors: Gil Quintana Javier , Osuna-Acedo Sara
Published: June 2020

Transmedia literacy is the evolution from traditional media literacy to informal learning and participatory cultures. It analyzes the media literacy processes of young people through communities of practice in participatory contexts and through the use of digital discourses that enable the creation of transmedia universes. The present study is approached from a mixed research method, whose main objective is the analysis of adolescents’ digital habits through several data-collecting tools: A survey, participative workshops, in-depth interviews, a media diary, and online observation. From that background information, the study subject has focused on Spain, and it is framed within the “Transliteracy: Transmedia skills and informal learning strategies” project, funded by Spain’s ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitivity. The studio is based on a sample of 237 adolescents, from 12 to 14 years old, all intensive users of digital technologies. Interesting results were obtained concerning different transmedia practices that are frequent in adolescents and the informal learning collaborative strategies they currently use. This research work concludes that the use of the Internet, although occasionally lacking adequate safety measures, increases self-sufficiency in adolescents’ informal learning. They take control of their own learning, thus enhancing self-motivation and increasing the acquisition of transmedia competences.
Wildlife Crime: A Crime of Hegemonic Masculinity?
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild
Published: June 2020

Scholarship within green criminology focusing on crimes and harms against nonhuman animals has been increasing. Little attention, however, has been directed at the gendered aspects of these crimes. For example, why is it that the great majority of offenders involved in wildlife trade and the illegal killing of endangered predators are male? The aim of this article is to fill the gap in the literature, relying on confiscation reports from Norwegian Customs of nonhuman animals—most of whom are listed in CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora)—as well as an analysis of verdicts in cases in Norwegian courts of “theriocides” (animal murders) of large predators. This article will assess the number of men and women involved in these crimes and harms, and will present some trends of theriociders. This article will employ ecofeminist and masculinities theories to better understand the gendered dynamics involved in wildlife trafficking and the theriocides of large carnivores.
The Athletics Injury Prevention Programme Can Help to Reduce the Occurrence at Short Term of Participation Restriction Injury Complaints in Athletics: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Cugy Emmanuelle , Dolin Romain , Morel Nicolas , Serra Jean-Michel , Depiesse Frédéric , Branco Pedro , Steffen Kathrin
Published: June 2020

We aimed to determine whether an Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP), targeting the most common athletics injuries, can reduce the occurrence of injury complaints that lead to restrictions in athletics participation (participation restriction injury complaints) in the short (12 weeks) and long (40 weeks) terms. For our 40-week prospective cohort study (level of evidence 2), we invited inter-regional and national-level athletes to regularly perform the AIPP, which included 8 exercises addressing core stability, hamstring, leg and pelvic muscles strengthening and stretching, and balance exercises. A Cox regression was used to analyse the influence of AIPP on the occurrence of participation restriction injury complaint, adjusted to sex, age, height, body mass, discipline, and history of injury complaints during the preceding season, individual response rate, mean weekly training time, mean weekly number of competition, presented by hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). At 12 weeks (n = 62 athletes), the AIPP was significantly associated with a lower risk of participation restriction injury complaint HR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.86), p = 0.02 and HR = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.73), p = 0.009, with cumulative weeks and cumulative training time as time scale, respectively, while at 40 weeks (n = 53 athletes) there was no significant association. An 8-exercise injury prevention programme can effectively help to reduce occurrence of injury complaints that would restrict an athlete’s participation in athletics in the short term.
Developing Sustainable Urbanization Index: Case of China
Authors: Zhong Lina , Li Xiaonan , Law Rob , Sun Sunny
Published: June 2020

Urbanization in China is considered an important force for global sustainable development. In particular, China’s urbanization is of great significance to achieve the Millennium Goals of the UN. Hence, an in-depth understanding of China’s urbanization sustainable development process and model of sustainable development is urgently needed. As a result, this study examines the sustainable development of urbanization using China as an example through a survey method. Specifically, sustainable development of urbanization is examined from the following five perspectives: economic development, basic public service quality, ecological environment development, urban–rural heterogeneity, and population urbanization. Differences in the sustainable development quality of different urbanization models and regional urbanization were analyzed. Findings showed that the difference in urbanization quality between different models is not obvious, while the difference in urbanization quality between regions is more obvious. Furthermore, the quality of urbanization development in the eastern region is better than that in the central and western regions, and the level of urbanization development with high administrative levels is superior to regions with low administrative levels.
Visualizing Hotspots and Future Trends in Phytomining Research Through Scientometrics
Authors: Li Chen , Ji Xiaohui , Luo Xuegang
Published: June 2020

Phytomining has attracted widespread attention as a technique for harvesting “bio-ore.” This technology has potential applications in the metal and minerals industry for low-grade metal and mineral mining as well as metal recycling from polluted soil. The hotspots and future trends of this technology deserve in-depth exploration. This paper presents a systematic review of the phytomining research area through the scientometrics method based on the citation data collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The results show that the earliest phytomining-related research was published in 1997. Between 1997 and 2019, 232 publications were published in 109 journals. Plant and Soil, the International Journal of Phytoremediation, and the Journal of Geochemical Exploration were the top three most prolific journals and accounted for 18.1% of these publications. Guillaume Echevarria, J.L. Morel, and Antony Van der Ent were the top three most prolific authors, and their work accounted for 40.1% of these publications. The cluster results of document co-citation analysis revealed that the hotspots in phytomining research area mainly includes “nickel accumulation,” “heavy metal uptake,” “mining site,” “heavy metal,” “hyperaccumulation yield,” “growth effect,” and “alternative method.” Keyword burst detection results find that the hot topics have changed over time from “phytomining” to “agromining”; from “contaminated soil” to “serpentine soil”; and from “mechanism” to “phytomining process” and “commercial phytoextraction.” This study describes the intellectual landscape of research and provides future research directions for phytomining research so that researchers can identify future research topics and partners.
Development Trend and Driving Factors of Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer Efficiency in China
Authors: He Rong , Shao Chaofeng , Shi Rongguang , Zhang Zheyu , Zhao Run
Published: June 2020

In China, a high input of chemical fertilizers is currently required for a relatively low increase in agricultural production, and this has resulted in prominent nonpoint source pollution and problems related to the quality of agricultural products. These phenomena threaten China’s implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG-2). To explore agricultural chemical fertilizer efficiency and the factors driving the growth in chemical fertilizer use in China, as based on an international comparative analysis of China’s chemical fertilizer input, the development trend in the application level and the efficiency in the use of chemical fertilizer in China were subject to time series analysis, and the factors influencing change were identified and analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). The results show that: (1) The gap in agricultural chemical fertilizer efficiency is still large when comparing China with modern agricultural countries, and excessive fertilizer input is still a major problem. (2) The continuous growth in the total amount of chemical fertilizer applied in China during the past 18 years has contributed to the increase in chemical fertilizer application intensity, which provided a cumulative contribution of 85.52%, with smaller contributions from the planting structure and crop sown area. Based on the analysis of fertilizer application, the chemical fertilizer application intensity of the main grain crops was the most significant factor, accounting for about a 40.00% cumulative contribution. (3) Since 2015, the total amount of chemical fertilizers has been reduced through gradually improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, reducing the application intensity of chemical fertilizers, and implementing the fallow rotation system and other measures. Of these, the reduction in application intensity was the most effective at reducing the overall amount of applied fertilizer. To meet the target for achieving sustainable agricultural development, China must still reduce its use of chemical fertilizers by at least 21.80 million tons. Based on the results of current measures and international experience, some suggestions for reducing fertilizer usage are provided.
A Review of Technical and Economic Aspects of Biomass Briquetting
Authors: Kpalo Sunday Yusuf , Zainuddin Mohamad Faiz , Manaf Latifah Abd , Roslan Ahmad Muhaimin
Published: June 2020

Growing global demand and utilization of fossil fuels has elevated wealth creation, increased adverse impacts of climate change from greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, and endangered public health. In most developing countries, biomass wastes, which include but are not limited to agricultural residues, are produced in large quantities annually. They are either inefficiently used or disposed of indiscriminately, which threatens the environment. It is possible to convert these wastes, through densification, into high-density and energy-efficient briquettes. Densification of biomass into briquettes presents a renewable energy option as an alternative to fossil fuels. This paper reviews biomass briquetting with reference to biomass resources, feedstock pre-processing, briquetting process parameters, briquetting technology, and briquettes quality evaluation parameters. The review also includes the economic aspect of briquetting relating to costs and feasibility.
Superstabilization of Descriptor Continuous-Time Linear Systems via State-Feedback Using Drazin Inverse Matrix Method
Authors: Borawski Kamil
Published: June 2020

In this paper the descriptor continuous-time linear systems with the regular matrix pencil ( E , A ) are investigated using Drazin inverse matrix method. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability and superstability of this class of dynamical systems are established. The procedure for computation of the state-feedback gain matrix such that the closed-loop system is superstable is given. The effectiveness of the presented approach is demonstrated on numerical examples.
Subclasses of Starlike and Convex Functions Associated with the Limaçon Domain
Authors: Masih Vali Soltani , Kanas Stanisława
Published: June 2020

Let ST L ( s ) and CV L ( s ) denote the family of analytic and normalized functions f in the unit disk D : = z : | z | < 1 , such that the quantity z f ′ ( z ) / f ( z ) or 1 + z f ″ ( z ) / f ′ ( z ) respectively are lying in the region bounded by the limaçon ( u − 1 ) 2 + v 2 − s 4 2 = 4 s 2 u − 1 + s 2 2 + v 2 , where 0 < s ≤ 1 / 2 . The limaçon of Pascal is a curve that possesses properties which qualify it for the several applications in mathematics, statistics (hypothesis testing problem) but also in mechanics (fluid processing applications, known limaçon technology is employed to extract electrical power from low-grade heat, etc.). In this paper we present some results concerning the behavior of f on the classes ST L ( s ) or CV L ( s ) . Some appropriate examples are given.
Solution of Non-Autonomous Schrödinger Equation for Quantized de Sitter Klein-Gordon Oscillator Modes Undergoing Attraction-Repulsion Transition
Authors: Broadbridge Philip , Deutscher Kathryn
Published: June 2020

For a scalar field in an exponentially expanding universe, constituent modes of elementary excitation become unstable consecutively at shorter wavelength. After canonical quantization, a Bogoliubov transformation reduces the minimally coupled scalar field to independent 1D modes of two inequivalent types, leading eventually to a cosmological partitioning of energy. Due to accelerated expansion of the coupled space-time, each underlying mode transits from an attractive oscillator with discrete energy spectrum to a repulsive unit with continuous unbounded energy spectrum. The underlying non-autonomous Schrödinger equation is solved here as the wave function evolves through the attraction-repulsion transition and ceases to oscillate.
Network Structural Transformation-Based Community Detection with Autoencoder
Authors: Geng Xia , Lu Hu , Sun Jun
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we proposed a novel community detection method based on the network structure transformation, that utilized deep learning. The probability transfer matrix of the network adjacency matrix was calculated, and the probability transfer matrix was used as the input of the deep learning network. We use a denoising autoencoder to nonlinearly map the probability transfer matrix into a new sub space. The community detection was calculated with the deep learning nonlinear transform of the network structure. The network nodes were clustered in the new space with the K-means clustering algorithm. The division of the community structure was obtained. We conducted extensive experimental tests on the benchmark networks and the standard networks (known as the initial division of communities). We tested the clustering results of the different types, and compared with the three base algorithms. The results showed that the proposed community detection model was effective. We compared the results with other traditional community detection methods. The empirical results on datasets of varying sizes demonstrated that our proposed method outperformed the other community detection methods for this task.
Aspects on Effective Theories and the QCD Transition
Authors: Gómez Nicola Angel
Published: June 2020

We review recent advances in the understanding of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) transition and its nature, paying special attention to the analysis of chiral symmetry restoration within different approaches based on effective theories. After presenting some of the main aspects of the current knowledge of the phase diagram from the theoretical, experimental and lattice sides, we discuss some recent problems where approaches relying on effective theories have been particularly useful. In particular, the combination of ideas such as Chiral Perturbation Theory, unitarity and Ward Identities allows us to describe successfully several observables of interest. This is particularly relevant for quantities expected to be dominated by the light meson components of the hadron gas such as the scalar and topological susceptibilities. In addition, ward identities and effective Lagrangians provide systematic results regarding chiral and U ( 1 ) A partner degeneration properties which are of great importance for the interplay between those two transitions and the nature of chiral symmetry restoration. Special attention is paid to the connection of this theoretical framework with lattice simulations.
Enhancement of Light Output in ScxY1−xPO4:Eu3+ Solid Solutions
Authors: Spassky Dmitry , Voznyak-Levushkina Viktoriia , Arapova Anastasiia , Zadneprovski Boris , Chernenko Kirill , Nagirnyi Vitali
Published: June 2020

The luminescence properties of ScxY1−xPO4:Eu3+ solid solutions have been studied under excitation by synchrotron radiation in the energy range of 4.5–50 eV. The luminescence originating from three different types of emission centers was observed, and the origin of the emission centers was determined. The light output of ScxY1−xPO4:Eu3+ was shown to depend non-linearly on the ratio of Sc and Y cations, whereas it is maximal in compounds with their equal content. The branching of the energy relaxation process between different emission centers is analyzed for the brightest Sc0.5Y0.5PO4:Eu3+ solid solution.
On the Integration of Stiff ODEs Using Block Backward Differentiation Formulas of Order Six
Authors: Nasarudin Amiratul Ashikin , Ibrahim Zarina Bibi , Rosali Haliza
Published: June 2020

In this research, a six-order, fully implicit Block Backward Differentiation Formula with two off-step points (BBDFO(6)), for the integration of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that exhibit stiffness, is proposed. The order, consistency and stability properties of the method are discussed, and the method is found to be zero stable and consistent. Hence, the method is convergent. The numerical comparisons with the existing methods of a similar type are given to demonstrate the accuracy of the derived method.
Observability and Symmetries of Linear Control Systems
Authors: Ayala Víctor , Román-Flores Heriberto , Torreblanca Todco María , Zapana Erika
Published: June 2020

The goal of this article is to compare the observability properties of the class of linear control systems in two different manifolds: on the Euclidean space R n and, in a more general setup, on a connected Lie group G. For that, we establish well-known results. The symmetries involved in this theory allow characterizing the observability property on Euclidean spaces and the local observability property on Lie groups.
Forecasting Model for Stock Market Based on Probabilistic Linguistic Logical Relationship and Distance Measurement
Authors: Zhao Aiwu , Gao Junhong , Guan Hongjun
Published: June 2020

The fluctuation of the stock market has a symmetrical characteristic. To improve the performance of self-forecasting, it is crucial to summarize and accurately express internal fluctuation rules from the historical time series dataset. However, due to the influence of external interference factors, these internal rules are difficult to express by traditional mathematical models. In this paper, a novel forecasting model is proposed based on probabilistic linguistic logical relationships generated from historical time series dataset. The proposed model introduces linguistic variables with positive and negative symmetrical judgements to represent the direction of stock market fluctuation. Meanwhile, daily fluctuation trends of a stock market are represented by a probabilistic linguistic term set, which consist of daily status and its recent historical statuses. First, historical time series of a stock market is transformed into a fluctuation time series (FTS) by the first-order difference transformation. Then, a fuzzy linguistic variable is employed to represent each value in the fluctuation time series, according to predefined intervals. Next, left hand sides of fuzzy logical relationships between currents and their corresponding histories can be expressed by probabilistic linguistic term sets and similar ones can be grouped to generate probabilistic linguistic logical relationships. Lastly, based on the probabilistic linguistic term set expression of the current status and the corresponding historical statuses, distance measurement is employed to find the most proper probabilistic linguistic logical relationship for future forecasting. For the convenience of comparing the prediction performance of the model from the perspective of accuracy, this paper takes the closing price dataset of Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) as an example. Compared with the prediction results of previous studies, the proposed model has the advantages of stable prediction performance, simple model design, and an easy to understand platform. In order to test the performance of the model for other datasets, we use the prediction of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (SHSECI) to prove its universality.
Cyclic Imines (CIs) in Mussels from North-Central Adriatic Sea: First Evidence of Gymnodimine A in Italy
Authors: Bacchiocchi Simone , Siracusa Melania , Campacci Debora , Ciriaci Martina , Dubbini Alessandra , Tavoloni Tamara , Stramenga Arianna , Gorbi Stefania , Piersanti Arianna
Published: June 2020

Cyclic imines (CIs) are emerging marine lipophilic toxins (MLTs) occurring in microalgae and shellfish worldwide. The present research aimed to study CIs in mussels farmed in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) during the period 2014–2015. Twenty-eight different compounds belonging to spirolides (SPXs), gymnodimines (GYMs), pinnatoxins (PnTXs) and pteriatoxins (PtTXs) were analyzed by the official method for MLTs in 139 mussel samples collected along the Marche coast. Compounds including 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-desMe SPX C) and 13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C (13,19-didesMe SPX C) were detected in 86% of the samples. The highest levels were generally reported in the first half of the year reaching 29.2 µg kg−1 in January/March with a decreasing trend until June. GYM A, for the first time reported in Italian mussels, was found in 84% of the samples, reaching the highest concentration in summer (12.1 µg kg−1). GYM A and SPXs, submitted to tissue distribution studies, showed the tendency to accumulate mostly in mussel digestive glands. Even if SPX levels in mussels were largely below the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference of 400 μg SPXs kg−1, most of the samples contained CIs for the large part of the year. Since chronic toxicity data are still missing, monitoring is surely recommended.
Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Detzner Johanna , Pohlentz Gottfried , Müthing Johannes
Published: June 2020

The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
Mycotoxin Determination in Animal Feed: An LC-FLD Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins and Zearelanone in This Matrix
Authors: Muñoz-Solano Borja , González-Peñas Elena
Published: June 2020

Mycotoxins are toxic compounds for humans and animals that are produced by fungi. Mycotoxin contamination in feed is a global safety concern and effective control of these compounds in this matrix is needed. This study proposes a simple, cost-effective analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector, which is suitable for the routine monitoring of some of the most important mycotoxins in feed: aflatoxins (G2, G1, B2, and B1), zearalenone, and ochratoxins A and B. Mycotoxin extraction, chromatographic separation and quantification are carried out simultaneously for all mycotoxins. The extraction procedure is performed using acetonitrile, water and orthophosphoric acid (80:19:1). Purification of the extract is carried out using an OASIS PRIME HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge followed by a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure. Aflatoxins G1 and B1 are derivatized post-column (photochemical reactor at 254 nm) to increase their signal. The method has been validated in feed for pigs, cows, sheep, and poultry with very satisfactory results. The detection limits are 2 μg/kg for aflatoxins B1 and G1, 0.64 μg/kg for aflatoxins B2 and G2, 42 μg/kg for zearalenone, and 5 μg/kg for ochratoxins A and B. These values are low enough to allow for monitoring of these mycotoxins in feed. Global recovery values were between 73.6% and 88.0% for all toxins with a relative standard deviation (RSD) % < 7%. This methodology will facilitate laboratory control and analysis of mycotoxins in feed.
Symmetries, a Systematic Construction of Invariant Fields and AdS Backgrounds
Authors: Papadopoulos George
Published: June 2020

We give a systematic local description of invariant metrics and other invariant fields on a spacetime under the action of a (non-abelian) group. This includes the invariant fields in a neighbourhood of a principal and a special orbit. The construction is illustrated with examples. We also apply the formalism to give the R-symmetry invariant metrics of some AdS backgrounds and comment on applications to Kaluza-Klein theory.
Black Hole as a Quantum Field Configuration
Authors: Kawai Hikaru , Yokokura Yuki
Published: June 2020

We describe 4D evaporating black holes as quantum field configurations by solving the semi-classical Einstein equation G μ ν = 8 π G ⟨ ψ | T μ ν | ψ ⟩ and quantum matter fields in a self-consistent manner. As the matter fields, we consider N massless free scalar fields (N is large). We find a spherically symmetric self-consistent solution of the metric g μ ν and the state | ψ ⟩ . Here, g μ ν is locally A d S 2 × S 2 geometry, and | ψ ⟩ provides ⟨ ψ | T μ ν | ψ ⟩ = ⟨ 0 | T μ ν | 0 ⟩ + T μ ν ( ψ ) , where | 0 ⟩ is the ground state of the matter fields in the metric and T μ ν ( ψ ) consists of the excitation of s-waves that describe the collapsing matter and Hawking radiation with the ingoing negative energy flow. This object is supported by a large tangential pressure ⟨ 0 | T θ θ | 0 ⟩ due to the vacuum fluctuation of the bound modes with large angular momenta l ≫ 1 . This describes the interior of the black hole when the back reaction of the evaporation is taken into account. In this picture, the black hole is a compact object with a surface (instead of horizon) that looks like a conventional black hole from the outside and eventually evaporates without a singularity. If we count the number of configurations { | ψ ⟩ } that satisfy the self-consistent equation, we reproduce the area law of the entropy. This tells that the information is carried by the s-waves inside the black hole. | ψ ⟩ also describes the process that the negative ingoing energy flow created with Hawking radiation is superposed on the collapsing matter to decrease the total energy while the total energy density remains positive. Finally, as a special case, we consider conformal matter fields and show that the interior metric is determined by the matter content of the theory, which leads to a new constraint to the matter contents for the black hole to evaporate.
Unified Description of Dark Energy and Dark Matter within the Generalized Hybrid Metric-Palatini Theory of Gravity
Authors: Sá Paulo M.
Published: June 2020

The generalized hybrid metric-Palatini theory of gravity admits a scalar-tensor representation in terms of two interacting scalar fields. We show that, upon an appropriate choice of the interaction potential, one of the scalar fields behaves like dark energy, inducing a late-time accelerated expansion of the universe, while the other scalar field behaves like pressureless dark matter that, together with ordinary baryonic matter, dominates the intermediate phases of cosmic evolution. This unified description of dark energy and dark matter gives rise to viable cosmological solutions, which reproduce the main features of the evolution of the universe.
Immunological Analysis of the Hepatitis B Virus “a” Determinant Displayed on Chimeric Virus-Like Particles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus Capsid Protein Produced in Sf9 Cells
Authors: Ninyio Nathaniel Nyakaat , Ho Kok Lian , Ong Hui Kian , Yong Chean Yeah , Chee Hui Yee , Hamid Muhajir , Tan Wen Siang
Published: June 2020

Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) have been widely exploited for various purposes including their use as vaccine candidates, particularly due to their ability to induce stronger immune responses than VLPs consisting of single viral proteins. In the present study, VLPs of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) capsid protein (Nc) displaying the hepatitis B virus “a” determinant (aD) were produced in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. BALB/c mice immunised with the purified chimeric Nc-aD VLPs elicited a sustained titre of anti-aD antibody, which was significantly higher than that elicited by a commercially available hepatitis B vaccine and Escherichia coli-produced Nc-aD VLPs. Immunophenotyping showed that the Sf9-produced Nc-aD VLPs induced proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK1.1 natural killer cells. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)analysis showed the presence of antibody-secreting memory B cells in the mice splenocytes stimulated with the synthetic aD peptide. The significant humoral, natural killer cell and memory B cell immune responses induced by the Sf9-produced Nc-aD VLPs suggest that they present good prospects for use as a hepatitis B vaccine candidate.
Comparative Genome Analysis of a Pathogenic Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Isolate WH13013 from Pig Reveals Potential Genes Involve in Bacterial Adaptions and Pathogenesis
Authors: Yang Longsheng , Zhu Yongwei , Peng Zhong , Ding Yi , Jie Kai , Wang Zijian , Peng Ying , Tang Xibiao , Wang Xiangru , Chen Huanchun , Tan Chen
Published: June 2020

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a common pathogen responsible for pig erysipelas. However, the molecular basis for the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae remains to be elucidated. In this study, the complete genome sequence of the E. rhusiopathiae strain WH13013, a pathogenic isolate from a diseased pig, was generated using a combined strategy of PacBio RSII and Illumina sequencing technologies. The strategy finally generated a single circular chromosome of approximately 1.78 Mb in size for the complete genome of WH13013, with an average GC content of 36.49%. The genome of WH13013 encoded 1633 predicted proteins, 55 tRNAs, as well as 15 rRNAs. It contained four genomic islands and several resistance-associated genes were identified within these islands. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WH13013 was close to many other sequenced E. rhusiopathiae virulent strains. The comprehensive comparative analysis of eight E. rhusiopathiae virulent strains, including WH13013, identified a total of 1184 core genes. A large proportion (approximately 75.31%) of these core genes participated in nutrition and energy uptake and metabolism as well as the other bioactivities that are necessary for bacterial survival and adaption. The core genes also contained those encoding proteins participating in the biosynthesis and/or the components of the proposed virulence factors of E. rhusiopathiae, including the capsule (cpsA, cpsB, cpsC), neuraminidase (nanH), hyaluronidase (hylA, hylB, hylC), and surface proteins (spaA, rspA, rspB). The obtaining of the complete genome sequence of this virulent strain, WH13013, and this comprehensive comparative genome analysis will help in further studies of the genetic basis of the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae.
Trophic Magnification of Legacy (PCB, DDT and Hg) and Emerging Pollutants (PFAS) in the Fish Community of a Small Protected Southern Alpine Lake (Lake Mergozzo, Northern Italy)
Authors: Mazzoni Michela , Ferrario Claudia , Bettinetti Roberta , Piscia Roberta , Cicala Davide , Volta Pietro , Borgå Katrine , Valsecchi Sara , Polesello Stefano
Published: June 2020

The biomagnification of mercury, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) and perfluoroalkyl acids substances (PFASs) was evaluated in the trophic web of Lake Mergozzo, a small and deep Italian subalpine lake, which has been chosen because it is a protected environment, and discharges into the lake are mostly avoided. Carbon source and relative trophic levels were calculated by using 13C and 15N stable isotopes, respectively, and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were derived. Zooplankton and thirteen species of fish were collected and analyzed, and the results showed the elevated level of biota contamination from both legacy and emerging pollutants, even if direct discharges were avoided. Concentrations in biota, expressed as sums of compounds, ranged from 0.4 to 60 µg kg−1 wet weight (ww) for PFASs, from 16 to 1.3 104 µg kg−1 lipid content (lw) for DDTs, from 17 to 1.5 104 µg kg−1 lw for PCBs and from 20.0 to 501 µg kg−1 ww for mercury (Hg). TMFs of this deep, cold lake, with a prevalent pelagic trophic chain, were high and clearly indicated fish biomagnification, except for PFAS. The biomagnification capability of PFAS in a fish-only food web was discussed by using the biomagnification of Hg as a benchmark for assessing their bioaccumulation potential.
THE FEATURES OF ORGANIZATION OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF FUTURE PHARMACEUTISTS IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING ORGANIC CHEMISTRY WITH THE USE OF THE MOODLE SYSTEM
Authors: Golovchenko Oksana
Published: June 2020

Pursuing the goal of improving the quality of professional training of future specialists in higher pharmaceutical education is a current trend in Ukraine, which seems to determine the effectiveness of pharmaceutical services as a component of medical reform.
A study of best practices of the organization of independent work of the future pharmacists in Organic Chemistry run at Bohomolets National Medical University, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University (Vinnytsya), Odessa National Medical University, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, National University of Pharmacy and revealed that distance learning is commonly used there as the form of organisation and implementation of educational process.
The examination of the web-sites of M(P)HEIs of Ukraine made it possible to find out that the key specifics of the organization of independent work of students of pharmaceutical faculties in Organic Chemistry through distance learning is the use of the MOODLE system. Its selection is supported by the fact it that MOODLE meets the main requirements for its implementation and using in the higher education process. It is reliable in operation, easy to use and manage the educational process (including the organization of independent work of students), and characterised by modularity, compatibility, safety. In addition, the MOODLE system has the reasonable price of software, maintenance and hardware.
THE INTERPRETATION OF DIVINE WILL AS THE SOURCE OF JEWISH LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POTENTIAL OF HUMAN‘S FREEDOM OF WILL
Authors: (Frankiv) hieromonk Dmytro
Published: June 2020

In the Bible the source of the law is the One God, that is the idea of the transcendence of law has a completely radical expression. The law is based on the will of the Creator God. Society development is considered by experts to be the foundation that objectively leads to the disappearance or change of the old and the emergence of new spheres of regulation, norms, institutions or branches of law. This paradigm of law development applies to Jewish law, but even more so to Jewish law concerns the danger of emasculation and formalization of any religious right over time and the work of interpreters. Thus, some rabbinical structures (such as the Sanhedrin) did not create new laws, but merely interpreted the existing code but their activities led to a change in the qualitative component of this right.
Clinical, radiographic features and histopathology classification of lung cancer
Authors: Nguyen Van Mao , Vo Quang Tan
Published: June 2020

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most frequently occurring neoplasms and usually has poor prognosis in the world as well as in Vietnam. Clinical signs and symptoms, chest X-ray, CT-Scanner only have a role to guide the diagnosis. Histopathology helps to diagnose and classify some of histological types of lung cancer.

Objectives: 1. To describe some clinical features and radiographic pulmonary lesions in patients with primary malignant lung tumors. 2. To diagnose and classify histopathological types of lung cancer and to initially determine immunohistochemical markers exposure in the 2015 WHO classification of lung tumors.

Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional research on 80 patients diagnosed by chest X-ray, CT Scanner and histopathology at the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy and at the Hue Central Hospital from 4.2018 to 4.2019.

Results: Chronic coughing was the most common chief complain (58.8%). Frequent respiratory symptoms were chronic coughing (81.3%), chest pain (60%). The most frequent mediastinal symptom was apnea (28.8%). Majority of patients presented general symptoms such as malaise (80%), rapid weight loss (43.8%). The percentage of bone metastasis was 20% and that of peripheral lymph node metastasis was 17.5%. Most cases (90%) had a single tumor and 57.5% of total cases have tumors that were 3 to 6 cm in size. Lesions in left and right lung had similar proportions which were evenly distributed throughout the lung lobes. Regarding to clinical stages, most of cases were in stage IIIA and above (93.7%). Epithelial carcinoma accounted for the highest number (67.5%), squamous carcinoma contributed 22.5% and others were responsible for low rates. Epithelial carcinoma had high positive rates for CK AE1/3, CK7, CK19, TTF1, CEA. Squamous carcinoma had high positive rates for CK AE1/2, P63, Ki67. There was a statistically moderate correlation between the results of histopathology and the conclusions of immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions: majority of hospitalized patients were not in early stages and presented combinations of symptoms which were not only manifested in lung but in other locations, including distant metastases. Computerized tomography is almost the main test helping in diagnosis and staging. There was a statistically moderate correlation between the results of histopathology and the conclusions of immunohistochemistry.

Key words: lung cancer, pulmonary carcinoma, X-ray, computerized tomography, histopathology, immunohistochemistry
Evaluation clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Vinh Khanh , Phan Trung Nam , Tran Van Huy
Published: June 2020

Objective: Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic, progressive, irreversible benign inflammatory process, resulting in structural changes with disorders of functional exocrine and endocrine parenchyma by a fibrotic and inflammatory tissue. Based on clinical characteristics and morphology to diagnose chronic pancreatitis. This study was assessing the clinical, biochemical characteristics of chronic pancreatitis patients; and evaluating the relationship between grade chronic pancreatitis and clinical, biochemical characteristics.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 patients with chronic pancreatitis diagnosed based on Rosemont Criteria in endoscopic ultrasound and Japanese clinical diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis.

Results: The prevalence of male was higher than female (70.5%/29.5%) and most common in the age group of 41 - 60 about 55%. The prevalence of patients with a history of alcohol abuse was highest with 31.3%, smoking cigarette more than 20 pack-years about 4.1%. The clinical characteristics of patients with chronic pancreatitis are highest in abdominal pain about 66.6% and lowest in jaundice about 5.8%. About biochemical characteristics, an increase of amylase, lipase were found in 29.5% and 31.5%, respectively. The diabetes mellitus were found in 25.6%. A statistically significative difference of abdominal pain was found between the chronic pancreatitis and early chronic pancreatitis patients (p=0.0003). Mean level of lipase in chronic pancreatitis patient is 33.7 U/L(3.3-195) and early chronic pancreatitis patient is 53.1 U/L (20.5-109), with significiant difference (p=0.04).

Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, heavy smoking and diabetes mellitus were the most important risk factors of chronic pancreatitis. Abdominal pain was constant while hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia was found only in 29.5% and 31.5% patients. Rate of abdominal pain and mean level of serum lipase were different between chronic pancreatitis and early chronic pancreatitis patients.

Key words: chronic pancreatitis, endoscopic ultrasound
Ebelik Öğrencilerinin Hasta Güvenliği Konusundaki Düşünceleri ve Tıbbi Hata Yapma Eğilimleri
Authors: DEMİR Rukiye , KIZILCA ÇAKALOZ Damla , TAŞPINAR Ayten , ÇOBAN Ayden
Published: June 2020

Amaç:
Araştırma ebelik öğrencilerinin hasta güvenliği konusundaki düşünceleri ve
tıbbi hata yapma eğilimlerini belirlemek
amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Analitik-kesitsel
tipteki araştırma, 31
Ocak-28 Şubat 2018 tarihleri
arasında bir devlet
üniversitesinin sağlık bilimleri fakültesi  2.,
3. ve 4. sınıf ebelik bölümü öğrencilerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini bu sınıflarda öğrenim
gören öğrenciler (n=284), örneklemini ise 201 öğrenci oluşturmuştur.
Araştırmanın verileri “Veri Toplama
Formu” ve “Hemşirelikte Tıbbi Hataya Eğilim Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın
etik kurul onamı ve kurum izni alınmıştır. Veriler bilgisayar ortamında değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular:
Öğrencilerin
%12,9’u sağlık meslek lisesi mezunu olup yaş ortalaması 20,97±1,53’dür.
Öğrencilerin %94,5’i hasta güvenliği ve tıbbi hatalar konusunda daha önce
eğitim aldığını, %35,8’i klinik uygulamalarında tıbbi hata yaptığını, hata yapanların %18,1’i hatayı rapor etmediklerini,
%46,8’i arkadaşlarının, %50,2’si ebe ve hemşirelerin yaptıkları tıbbi hatalara
şahit olduklarını belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin Hemşirelikte Tıbbi Hataya Eğilim
Ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalaması 183,9±17,1 olup tıbbi hata yapma eğilimlerinin düşük olduğu
belirlenmiştir. İkinci sınıfta okuyan öğrencilerin ölçeğin “ilaç ve transfüzyon
uygulamaları”, “hastane enfeksiyonları”, “düşmeler” ve “iletişim” alt boyut
puan ortalamaları diğer sınıflarda ki öğrencilere göre ve 19-20 yaş grubundaki
öğrencilerin ölçeğin “ilaç ve transfüzyon uygulamaları” ve “hastane
enfeksiyonları” alt boyut puan ortalamaları diğer yaş gruplarına göre istatistiksel
olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,005).

Sonuç: Öğrencilerin tıbbi hata
yapma eğilimlerinin düşük olduğu, yaklaşık üçte birinin klinik uygulamalarında
tıbbi hata yaptıkları ve bu
hataların büyük çoğunluğunu rapor ettikleri saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin sık
yaptıkları tıbbi hata konularına dikkat çekmek ve azaltmak için derslerde ve
uygulamalarda tıbbi hatalar konusunda düzenli eğitimlerin verilmesi ve hasta
güvenliği bilincinin oluşturulması, sık yapılan hatalarla ilgili rehberlerin
hazırlanması önerilmektedir.
Investigación interdisciplinaria e impacto social: análisis de medios sociales
Authors: Álvarez Bornstein Belén , Montesi Michela
Published: June 2020

En la actualidad se considera que la investigación interdisciplinaria (IID) tiene un mayor potencial de repercusión en la sociedad que la monodisciplinaria por abordar problemas del mundo real desde perspectivas diferentes y de mayor complejidad. Sin embargo, la evidencia de esta relación entre IID e impacto investigador es escasa. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comprobar si la IID tiene un comportamiento diferente a la monodisciplinaria con respecto a la atención que recibe en los medios sociales. Para ello, se analizan las menciones en varios medios (Twitter, blogs, Wikipedia, noticias e informes políticos), a través de la base de datos Altmetric.com, de la producción científica española de los años 2012-2016 indexada en la Web of Science (WoS). Los artículos fueron agrupados en 175 disciplinas, según la clasificación temática de WoS incluyendo a la categoría temática “multidisciplinary”. Adicionalmente, los blogs con referencias a los artículos publicados en la categoría de Ciencias Multidisciplinares se compararon con los de las categorías de Medicina Interna y Ecología, para estudiar comparativamente la autoría y naturaleza del blog, así como la presencia de comentarios. Los resultados muestran que los artículos publicados en revistas de la categoría Ciencias Multidisciplinares están entre los más citados en los medios sociales, sobre todo en blogs y noticias. El análisis de los blogs pone de manifiesto una mayor implicación de actores ajenos a la comunidad científica con la investigación publicada en revistas de la categoría “multidisciplinary”.