bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement effect of reduced graphene oxide and silver nanocomposite supported on poly brilliant blue platform for ultra-trace voltammetric analysis of rosuvastatin in tablets and human plasma
Authors: El-Zahry Marwa R. , Ali Marwa F. B.
Published: March 2019

In situelectrodeposition of AgNPs–rGO was carried out on PBB using CV, SWV methods were used for characterization, and the Tafel slope and overpotential were calculated.
Transition rates for slip-avalanches in soft athermal disks under quasi-static simple shear deformations
Authors: Saitoh Kuniyasu , Oyama Norihiro , Ogushi Fumiko , Luding Stefan
Published: March 2019

Restructuring of force-chains in yielding amorphous solids is analyzed by transition rates that link the microstructure to the macroscopic avalanche-size distributions.
Flexible, auxetic and strain-tunable two dimensional penta-X2C family as water splitting photocatalysts with high carrier mobility
Authors: Sun Songsong , Meng Fanchen , Xu Yuanfeng , He Jian , Ni Yuxiang , Wang Hongyan
Published: March 2019

Penta-X2C (X = P, As and Sb): a novel two dimensional family for photo-catalytic water splitting.
Quadruple hydrogen bonds and thermo-triggered hydrophobic interactions generate dynamic hydrogels to modulate transplanted cell retention
Authors: Liu Sa , Qi Dawei , Chen Yunhua , Teng Lijing , Jia Yongguang , Ren Li
Published: March 2019

Supramolecular dynamic hydrogels with quadruple hydrogen bonds and thermo-triggered hydrophobic interactions demonstrate a promising capability of modulating transplanted cell retention.
Highly fluorescent triazolopyridine–thiophene D–A–D oligomers for efficient pH sensing both in solution and in the solid state
Authors: Jian Nannan , Qu Kai , Gu Hua , Zou Lie , Liu Ximei , Hu Faqi , Xu Jingkun , Yu Yan , Lu Baoyang
Published: March 2019

Triazolopyridine–thiophene fluorophores exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields both in solution (80–89%) and in the solid state (13–26%). Because of an excellent and reversible pH induced fluorescence quenching/recovery, sensing devices such as fluorescent papers and complex inkjet-printed patterns are successfully fabricated for the detection of volatile acids both in solution and in a vapor atmosphere.
An accurate measurement of the dipole orientation in various organic semiconductor films using photoluminescence exciton decay analysis
Authors: Ko Ik Jang , Lee Hyuna , Park Jin Hwan , Kim Gyeong Woo , Lampande Raju , Pode Ramchandra , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: March 2019

In this study, we report an accurate and more reliable approach to estimate the dipole orientation of emitters especially phosphorescence, fluorescence and even thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
Photocatalytic regeneration of brominating agent in the visible light-mediated synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Roslan Irwan Iskandar , Ng Kian-Hong , Jaenicke Stephan , Chuah Gaik-Khuan
Published: March 2019

Regenerating the brominating agent by erythrosine B closes a catalytic cycle for the construction of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine framework.
Formation of lattice-dislocated bismuth nanowires on copper foam for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at low overpotential
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Sun Xinghuan , Guo Si-Xuan , Bond Alan M. , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2019

Twisted bismuth nanowire (BiNW) with abundant crystal lattice dislocations is a highly active electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to formate at low overpotential.
A green l-cysteine modified cellulose nanocrystals biosorbent for adsorption of mercury ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Li Weixue , Ju Benzhi , Zhang Shufen
Published: March 2019

A green biosorbent, l-cysteine modified cellulose nanocrystals, was successfully synthesized and applied to adsorb mercury ions from aqueous solutions.
The mechanism and activity of oxygen reduction reaction on single atom doped graphene: a DFT method
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Xia Zhangxun , Li Huanqiao , Yu Shansheng , Wang Suli , Sun Gongquan
Published: March 2019

Heteroatom doped graphene as a single-atom catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has received extensive attention in recent years.
One-pot synthesis and property study on thieno[3,2-b]furan compounds
Authors: Ma Weimin , Huang Jiawei , Li Chao , Jiang Yueren , Li Baolin , Qi Ting , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: March 2019

Based on the regioselective intermolecular Suzuki coupling and subsequent intramolecular Ullmann coupling reactions, one-pot synthesis of benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-b]benzofurans (BTBFs) has been developed.
Hybrid 2D nanodevices (graphene/h-BN): selecting NOxgas through the device interface
Authors: de Souza Fabio A. L. , Sivaraman Ganesh , Hertkorn Jens , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Fyta Maria , Scopel Wanderlã L.
Published: March 2019

Recent experiments demonstrated a highly controlled synthesis of in-plane graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures, thereby paving the way for the development of a new category of hybrid 2D nanodevices with different interfaces.
Highly efficient platinum-based emitters for warm white light emitting diodes
Authors: Sicilia Violeta , Fuertes Sara , Chueca Andrés J. , Arnal Lorenzo , Martín Antonio , Perálvarez Mariano , Botta Chiara , Giovanella Umberto
Published: March 2019

The new compounds [Pt(R-C^C*)(P^P)]PF6 as blue or orange emitters were combined with the red emitter [Pt(bzq)(CN)(CNXyl)] to fabricate two-component WOLEDs and pcWLEDs. They rendered warm white light with optimal CRI and Duv values and a great range of nominal CCT: 4000 K–2000 K.
High‐accuracy voltage regulation method for PV distribution systems
Authors: Zhang Zhanqiang , Dou Chunxia , Yue Dong , Zhang Bo
Published: March 2019

In this Letter, a novel voltage regulation method is proposed for ensuring voltage security in photovoltaic (PV) distribution systems. It is a two‐level regulation to reduce overall voltage deviation (VDE) and voltage difference (VDI). Firstly, evaluation indexes for VDE and VDI are built. Then, in order to reduce VDE, primary regulation by sensitivities‐based power compensation is developed. Furthermore, in order to reduce VDI, secondary regulation by using PI coordinate compensator is built. Compared with other methods, the proposed method can achieve high regulation accuracy. The effectiveness is verified in a PV platform.
Reduced‐switch induction motor drive system with active power decoupling
Authors: Shi Shuqi , Sun Yao , Su Mei , Xie Shiming , Zhou Min , Li Li
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a reduced‐switch motor drive system, which is made up of a single‐phase half‐bridge rectifier circuit, ripple power decoupling unit, three‐phase inverter circuit, and three‐phase motor. Due to the ripple power decoupling unit, the DC‐bus of drive system could also provide DC power supply for other DC loads. The ripple power decoupling unit almost shares all components with rectifier and inverter circuit, so this is a low‐cost solution. Considering the strong coupling of all kind of components in the system, a hybrid model predictive control (MPC) is introduced to coordinate the operation of the decoupling circuit, rectifier, and inverter circuits. The effectiveness of this scheme is verified with the experimental results.
Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks
Authors: Dionatos O. , Woitke P. , Güdel M. , Degroote P. , Liebhart A. , Anthonioz F. , Antonellini S. , Baldovin-Saavedra C. , Carmona A. , Dominik C. , Greaves J. , Ilee J. D. , Kamp I. , Ménard F. , Min M. , Pinte C. , Rab C. , Rigon L. , Thi W. F. , Waters L. B. F. M.
Published: March 2019

Context. Consistent modeling of protoplanetary disks requires the simultaneous solution of both continuum and line radiative transfer, heating and cooling balance between dust and gas and, of course, chemistry. Such models depend on panchromatic observations that can provide a complete description of the physical and chemical properties and energy balance of protoplanetary systems. Along these lines, we present a homogeneous, panchromatic collection of data on a sample of 85 T Tauri and Herbig Ae objects for which data cover a range from X-rays to centimeter wavelengths. Datasets consist of photometric measurements, spectra, along with results from the data analysis such as line fluxes from atomic and molecular transitions. Additional properties resulting from modeling of the sources such as disk mass and shape parameters, dust size, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) properties are also provided for completeness.

Aim. The purpose of this data collection is to provide a solid base that can enable consistent modeling of the properties of protoplanetary disks. To this end, we performed an unbiased collection of publicly available data that were combined to homogeneous datasets adopting consistent criteria. Targets were selected based on both their properties and the availability of data.

Methods. Data from more than 50 different telescopes and facilities were retrieved and combined in homogeneous datasets directly from public data archives or after being extracted from more than 100 published articles. X-ray data for a subset of 56 sources represent an exception as they were reduced from scratch and are presented here for the first time.

Results. Compiled datasets, along with a subset of continuum and emission-line models are stored in a dedicated database and distributed through a publicly accessible online system. All datasets contain metadata descriptors that allow us to track them back to their original resources. The graphical user interface of the online system allows the user to visually inspect individual objects but also compare between datasets and models. It also offers to the user the possibility to download any of the stored data and metadata for further processing.
Little Old Ladies’ Heart
Authors: Mengden Thomas , Weber Thomas
Published: March 2019

The term “ventricular-arterial coupling” (va-coupling) describes the close interaction of the left ventricle with the arterial system during systole. Increased arterial stiffness in conditions such as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) or increases in pulse wave reflection may lead to disturbed va-coupling. Pathological pulse wave reflection is closely related to increased left ventricular late systolic load, diastolic dysfunction and, in the long-term, the risk of new-onset HFpEF. Non-invasive technologies for pulse wave analysis may identify patients at increased risk for the development of diastolic dysfunction or HFpEF. Women are approximately two times more likely than men to develop HFpEF which may be explained by sex differences in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Elderly women with ISH show sex-specific alterations of pulse wave reflection, LV remodelling and va-coupling which may increase the risk of HFpEF.
Den Lebensfluss von Kindern visualisieren – Kawa-Modell in der Pädiatrie
Authors: Kroggel Lena
Published: March 2019

In ihrer Bachelorarbeit erprobte Stephanie Schmitte, ob sich das Kawa-Modell für die Befunderhebung bei Kindern eignet. Dazu adaptierte sie das Flussmodell kindgerecht und erstellte ergänzende Materialien.
„Ich kann das nicht!“ – Du+Ich-Konzept: Kindliches Zutrauen fördern
Authors: Junkers Anja , Hiebl Sarah
Published: March 2019

Sich etwas zuzutrauen trägt zum Gelingen einer Handlung bei. Zum Beispiel bei den Hausaufgaben. Mit dem Du+Ich-Konzept können Ergotherapeuten das Zutrauen bei Kindern fördern und den Alltags-transfer durch Elterncoaching ermöglichen.
Evaluation of Rheum Turkestanicum in Hexachlorobutadien-Induced Renal Toxicity
Authors: Boroushaki Mohammad Taher , Fanoudi Sahar , Rajabian Arezoo , Boroumand Samaneh , Aghaee Azita , Hosseini Azar
Published: March 2019

Hexachlorobutadien is nephrotoxic agent in rodents. The mechanism of toxicity includes generation of free radicals, depletion of thiol groups and production of toxic metabolites. Antioxidant compounds may reduce HCBD-nephrotoxicity. In this research we investigated the effect of Rheum turkeatanicum extract against HCBD-toxicity. The animals were divided to 4 groups which were including control (saline, 1 mL/kg), HCBD (100 mg/kg) and treatment groups which received extract at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg. The extract were administered as intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1 h before HCBD injection (i.p.). The animals were anesthetized by ether, 24 h after HCBD administration. The results showed elevation of serum creatinine, serum urea, urinary protein, urinary glucose, malondialdehyde levels in kidney and reduction of thiol in kidney by HCBD. The histopathological studies showed that there was apoptosis and necrosis in HCBD treated groups. Administration of R.turkestanicum reduced HCBD toxicity. The extract reduced hitopathological changes in kidney. It may be concluded that the nephroprotective effect of extract may be due to different mechanisms such as antioxidant activity or by decreasing the toxic metabolites of HCBD or inhibition of enzymes which are involved in the bioactivation of HCBD such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or cysteine-S-conjugate β-lyase.
Langzeitentwicklung von Kindern nach Extra Corporaler Membran Oxygenierung (ECMO)
Authors: Förster Kai Martin , Herber-Jonat Susanne , Florian Annamaria , Klemme Mathias , Flemmer Andreas W.
Published: March 2019

Hintergrund Nach neonatalem Lungenversagen und insbesondere nach einer ECMO-Therapie können verschiedenste Langzeitmorbiditäten auftreten. Das Follow-up dieser schwer kranken Neugeborenen ist als Qualitätskriterium für ein ECMO-Zentrum unverzichtbar und sie besitzt einen hohen Stellenwert in der Beratung von Eltern. Da ECMO-Zentren ein großes Einzugsgebiet haben, ist eine feste Anbindung der Patienten an das Zentrum oft schwierig.

Methode Nachsorgeuntersuchung und Entwicklungsscreening einer Kohorte (n=41) ehemaliger Neugeborener und Säuglinge mit schweren Lungenversagen auf Langzeitmorbiditäten durch eine Fragebogenerhebung sowie eine systematische, z.T. computergestützte Recherche mittels Arztbriefen und Telefonbefragung.

Ergebnisse An 28 von 31 Familien überlebender Kinder konnten Fragebögen versendet werden. 23 Fragebögen wurden zurückgesandt, einer Rücklaufquote von 82% entsprechend. Vier Kinder hatten auffällige Fragebogenergebnisse, d. h. sie lagen unter der 90ten Perzentile der altersentsprechenden Werte und besaßen damit ein Risiko für eine Entwicklungsauffälligkeit. Davon waren 3 Kinder im Alter von 2 Jahren und waren im Rahmen ihres Lungenversagens konventionell behandelt worden. Ein Kind im Alter von 6 Jahren hatte eine ECMO-Therapie erhalten.

Schlussfolgerung Die von uns erstmals an Kindern mit einem schweren neonatalen Lungenversagen eingesetzten Fragebögen können der Detektion einer Entwicklungsauffälligkeit dienen. In der klinischen Praxis sind sie als Entwicklungsscreening einsetzbar und auch für wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen anwendbar.
In sechs Schritten zur therapeutischen Diagnose – Hypothetisch-deduktives Reasoning in der Handtherapie
Authors: Reinhold Ina
Published: March 2019

Kostenträger fordern effektive Behandlungen und Patienten eine genaue Aufklärung über das therapeutische Vorgehen. Mithilfe des Clinical Reasoning können Therapeuten Denkprozesse durchlaufen und ihre Entscheidungen begründen. Die Form des hypothetisch-deduktiven Reasonings ist durch seine sechs Schritte im Rahmen der Befunderhebung besonders praktikabel. Das zeigt ein Anwendungsbeispiel bei einem Patienten mit Mittelhandfraktur.
Deleterious Effects of Methylene Blue on Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cell in Vitro: Changes in Cell Viability and Secretory Phenotype in Exposed Cells
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Zhang Shaodong , Xie Zhiyang , Chen Lu , Yang Baolin , Wu Xiaotao
Published: March 2019

Purpose To investigate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on the viability and secretory phenotype of rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro.

Methods Rat NP cells were isolated, cultured, and treated with different MB concentrations (0–6.25 ng/mL) for different lengths of time. We evaluated the changes in cell morphology and cell viability. We also examined the cells for expression of collagen II, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Results After 2.5 to 6.25 ng/mL MB induced for 6 hours, numerous NP cells were dyed blue and rounded up. The adherent cell number was reduced by MB treatment. The viability of rat NP cells was significantly inhibited by MB in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with a very low dose of MB (1.5625 ng/mL) resulted in lower expression of collagen II and aggrecan and higher expression of MMP-3, MMP-9, and iNOS in rat NP cells.

Conclusions Rat NP cells exposed in vitro to MB significantly reduced their viability. Moreover, MB upregulated catabolism gene expression and downregulated anabolism gene expression in rat NP cells. These results suggest MB may be harmful to NP cells. The dose of intradiskal injected MB should be as low as possible to prevent or limit the damage to intervertebral disks.
Acoustic Voice Modifications in Individuals with Parkinson Disease Submitted to Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Romann Aline Juliane , Beber Bárbara Costa , Cielo Carla Aparecida , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello
Published: March 2019

Introduction Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) improves motor function in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The evidence about the effects of STN-DBS on the voice is still inconclusive.

Objective To verify the effect of STN-DBS on the voice of Brazilian individuals with PD.

Methods Sixteen participants were evaluated on the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale—Part III, and by the measurement of the acoustic modifications in on and off conditions of stimulation.

Results The motor symptoms showed significant improvement with STN-DBS on. Regarding the acoustic measures of the voice, only the maximum fundamental frequency (fhi) showed a statistical difference between on- and off-conditions, with reduction in off-condition.

Conclusion Changes in computerized acoustic measures are more valuable when interpreted in conjunction with changes in other measures. The single finding in fhi suggests that DBS-STN increases vocal instability. The interpretation of this result should be done carefully, since it may not be of great value if other measures that also indicate instability are not significantly different.
Posterior Approach to Meckel's Cave: Retrosigmoid Craniectomy with Endoscopic Assistance
Authors: Das Paramita , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Moore Nina Z. , Recinos Pablo F.
Published: March 2019

Background Meckel's cave involvement in tumors pose a challenge due to their surrounding neurovascular structure and deep location.

Case Review A 24-year-old male presented with progressive headaches and right sided trigeminal neuralgia with a large epidermoid. The tumor extended from the ambient cistern to the cerebellomedullary cistern and involved Meckel's cave (Fig. 1).

Technical Note/Video Description A retrosigmoid craniectomy was performed. Cranial nerves 3, 4, 6, 7, and 10, and auditory brainstem responses were monitored. Once the craniectomy was completed the dura was opened and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was released from the cisterna magna to allow for the tumor resection to be done without the use of any retractors (Fig. 2). Care was taken to ensure that cranial nerves in the posterior fossa were detethered to prevent any traction injury. Using ring curettes the pearly white epidermoid tumor was able to be debulked. After all the possible tumor was resected with the microscope, the 30-degree endoscope was used to identify the porus trigeminus. Malleable ring curettes and a malleable suction were used to remove the soft tumor from this location. The patient transiently had loss of hearing but this returned within 2 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions The retrosigmoid approach is familiar to all neurosurgeons and with the adjunct of an angled endoscope, the posterior Meckel's cave can be easily reached. This is particularly useful for tumors with soft consistency. The assistance of the endoscope allows Meckel's cave visualization without additional drilling while still allowing safe resection of tumor from around the trigeminal nerve.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/01aqOyUmSW0.
Anthropometric Evaluation of Foramen Ovale in Adult Dry Skulls of the Mysuru-based Population
Authors: Srikantaiah Vidya , Shetty Hemamalini
Published: March 2019

Introduction The greater wing of sphenoid presents various foramina, of which the foramen ovale is one important foramen through which advanced surgical therapeutic and diagnostic procedures related to the middle cranial fossa are performed.

Materials and Methods A total of 40 dried adult skulls of unknown gender and age, obtained from the Department of Anatomy of the JSS medical College, Mysuru, Kamakata, India. The length and the width of the foramen ovale were measured using digital sliding calipers (tiny deal 150 mm SS digital caliper with LCD display, Kristeel-Shimwa industries, Bombay, India).

Results The mean length of the foramen ovale was 0.745 ± 0.31 cm on the right side (RS), and 0.68 ± 0.15 cm on the left side (LS). The mean width was 0.6 ± 0.17 cm on the RS, and 0.56 ± 0.14 cm on the LS.

Conclusion The knowledge of variations in the length and breadth of the foramen ovale is of immense importance in neurosurgery during various invasive surgical procedures, such as percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy, and in the biopsy of cavernous sinus tumors and of Meckel cave lesions.
Low Mononuclear Cell IL-18 and IL-27 Response in Children: Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection after Contact
Authors: Karabacak Hasan Azem , Yilmaz Ozge , Tuglu Ibrahim , Taneli Fatma , Surucuoglu Suheyla , Kanik Esra Toprak , Ozkutuk Nuri , Gozukara Ceyhun , Ozkut Mahmut Mustafa , Turkeli Ahmet , Yuksel Hasan
Published: March 2019

Background Identification of the immune response against tuberculosis is vital to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The objective of this study was to determine IL (interleukin)-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to early secreted antigen (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) stimulation in children with a (+) or (−) tuberculin skin test (TST) with in-house tuberculosis contact.

Methods We enrolled 40 children aged 1 to 5 years who had an in-house contact with a tuberculous adult. Blood samples were obtained from all children for QuantiFERON tuberculosis (TB) gold in tube (QFT-GIT), and peripheral blood mononuclear blood cell culture tests. The subjects were grouped as TST (−) QFT-GIT (−), TST (+) QFT-GIT (−), and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+). Supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture was separated with and without stimulation of ESAT-6 and CFP-10, and IL-18 and IL-27 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) test.

Results The study group included 22 boys and 18 girls with mean age 4.25 ± 0.9 years. IL-18 and IL-27 levels were statistically significant in ESAT-6/CFP-10-stimulated supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples among the three groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.007, respectively). IL-18 levels between the TST (−) QFT-GIT (−) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+) groups were significantly different (p = 0.026). Both IL-18 and IL-27 levels were significantly different between ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated PBMC supernatants of TST (−) QFT-GIT (−) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (−) groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusion Low IL-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine may play a role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after in-house contact.
miniTimeCube as a neutron scatter camera
Authors: Jocher Glenn R. , Koblanski John , Li Viacheslav A. , Negrashov Sergey , Dorrill Ryan C. , Nishimura Kurtis , Sakai Michinari , Learned John G. , Usman Shawn
Published: March 2019

We present Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results from a study of a compact plastic-scintillator detector suitable for imaging fast neutrons in the 1 – 10 MeV energy range: the miniTimeCube (mTC). Originally designed for antineutrino detection, the mTC consists of 24 MultiChannel Plate (MCP) photodetectors surrounding a 13 cm cube of boron-doped plastic scintillator. Our simulation results show that waveform digitization of 1536 optically sensitive channels surrounding the scintillator should allow for spatiotemporal determination of individual neutron-proton scatters in the detector volume to ∼ 100 picoseconds and ∼5 mm. A Bayesian estimation framework is presented for multiple-scatter reconstruction, and is used to estimate the incoming direction and energy of simulated individual neutrons. Finally, we show how populations of reconstructed neutrons can be used to estimate the direction and energy spectrum of nearby simulated neutron sources.
Study of slowing down and thermalization of externally injected ion beams in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasmas
Authors: Sing Babu Paritosh , Naik Vaishali
Published: March 2019

Electron cyclotron resonance ion source based charge breeder is a promising way to produce rare isotope beams with a high charge state, based on capture and thermalisation of the primary ion beam by the ECR plasma. A simulation technique based on a Monte Carlo collision operator is developed to study the capture of externally injected ion beams in ion source plasmas. To illustrate the utility of the method, we have studied the dynamics of Ar1+ ions in oxygen plasma. Evolution of statistically averaged quantities such as the beam size, average directional velocity, and rms velocity is studied for various beam parameters. It is observed that the number of undamped particles and the steady state beam size increase with the increase in beam emittance. The simulation result indicates that the capture and thermalisation of the ion beam are affected by the kinetic energy and emittance of the beam.
Applications of aesthetic pentagon-shaped stereo tiling employing pentagraphene carbon—star walls and embossment design
Authors: Hagita Katsumi , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Ogino Masao
Published: March 2019

A three-dimensional pentagon-shaped stereo-tiling concept has been realized through use of penta-graphene carbon structures, although mathematically, regular planar pentagon shapes cannot be used to completely tile the Euclidean plane. Two applications of the findings of this study have been considered from the mathematical and engineering viewpoints. First, the proposed discovery facilitates math-rule-based generation of beautiful designs comprising star shapes formed using regular pentagons. The underlying mathematical logic and hexagon-division rules have been deduced to obtain the proposed pentagonal stereo-tiling pattern comprising equal-length bonds, and two aesthetic designs have been derived using the deduced logic. A fence-like structure exclusively comprising pentagram stars has been designed and given the name “Star Walls.” Emphasis has also been laid on application of the proposed stereo-tiling concept in industrial design operations, such as emboss manufacturing. To this end, finite element analysis of embossed steel sheets has been performed to verify the feasibility of the said industrial application.
White dwarfs crystallize as they cool
Authors: Wilson R. Mark
Published: March 2019

A new star survey and statistical analysis vindicate a 50-year-old theory.
Spin excitations in a cavity hop coherently over long distances
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: March 2019

Virtual photons mediate nonlocal interactions between cold atoms.
Measurements of elusive mineral could explain mantle discontinuity
Authors: Berkowitz Rachel
Published: March 2019

A predicted phase transition shows up in high-pressure experiments.
Ernest Lawrence’s brilliant failure
Authors: Roebke Joshua
Published: March 2019

Lawrence, the creator of the cyclotron, also tried to bring the first color TV to American consumers. The story of his efforts reveals how the history of television was connected to physics and the military.
Machine learning meets quantum physics
Authors: Das Sarma Sankar , Deng Dong-Ling , Duan Lu-Ming
Published: March 2019

The marriage of the two fields may give birth to a new research frontier that could transform them both.
The Planet Nine hypothesis
Authors: Brown Michael E.
Published: March 2019

The putative planet accounts for similarities in the orbits of a collection of objects in the distant Kuiper belt.
Codesigned framework for organisational culture reform in South Australian older persons' mental health services
after the Oakden Report
Authors: McKellar Duncan , Hanson Jackie
Published: March 2019

The Oakden Report documented failures in governance, clinical practice and organisational culture occurring at the Oakden Older Persons’ Mental Health Service and drew national attention to the care of older people with complex clinical needs. Responding to the recommendations of the Report, a working group brought together stakeholders to engage in a codesign process involving literature review, gallery walks and focus groups, under the governance of the Oakden Response Oversight Committee. The working group developed a framework as a blueprint for organisational culture reform built around a central philosophy of compassionate relationship-centred care, supported by four priorities: developing a values-based workforce, cultivating psychological safety, facilitating excellence in care and providing transparent accountability. The purpose of the framework was to provide a way forward for South Australian older persons’ mental health services after The Oakden Report, and it may provide insight into similar processes of codesign and culture change in other service contexts.

What is known about the topic?
Changes to healthcare systems, requiring improved efficiencies and lower costs, are contributing to increasing challenges with staff satisfaction and wellbeing, and consistent delivery of dignified, meaningful care to people and their families. The need to nurture and lead healthcare organisations characterised by compassionate cultures is an increasingly prominent theme in global healthcare literature. The engagement of people with lived experience at all levels of system design supports effective and ethical service development.

What does this paper add?
This paper illustrates an approach to positive, compassion-focused organisational culture change, developed through codesign, occurring as a reform process following a crisis in service delivery. The paper applies key concepts in a framework that may be applied in a range of services to achieve positive organisational transformation.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Committed action to develop positive organisational culture characterised by compassionate relationship-centred care will have benefit for healthcare providers and the people who receive care. Keeping people with lived experience at the centre of design and development will support optimal outcomes for all stakeholders.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate low-temperature stress and increase freezing resistance as a substitute for acclimation treatment in barley
Authors: Hajiboland Roghieh , Joudmand Arshad , Aliasgharzad Nasser , Tolrá Roser , Poschenrieder Charlotte
Published: March 2019

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is cultivated globally under a wide range of climatic conditions and is subjected to chilling and freezing stresses under temperate and cold climatic conditions. As a mycorrhizal crop, barley may benefit from this association for increasing cold resistance. In order to investigate the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on cold-stress resistance in barley plants, one winter and one spring cultivar were grown under control (25°C day, 17°C night) and low, non-freezing (LT: 5°C day, 3°C night) temperatures for 3 weeks in the absence (−AMF) or presence (+AMF) of two species of AMF, Glomus versiforme and Rhizophagus irregularis. In addition, the influence of LT (as an acclimation treatment) was studied on plant survival after a 2-day exposure to freezing temperature (FT: −5°C in dark). Biomass production, membrane integrity and survival rate of plants indicated that the winter cultivar was more tolerant than the spring cultivar. Inoculation with AMF resulted in improved growth, photosynthesis, osmotic and water homeostasis, and potassium uptake under both control and LT conditions, whereas the effect on membrane integrity, antioxidative defence and phenolics metabolism was mainly observed in LT plants. AMF inoculation substituted partially or completely for acclimation treatment and increased the survival rate of FT plants, with the highest survival achieved in a combination of AMF and LT. Mycorrhizal responsiveness was higher in LT plants. Despite the lower AMF colonisation, G. versiforme was often more effective than R. irregularis for the alleviation of low temperature stress in both cultivars, whereas R. irregularis was more effective in increasing the survival rate. Our data suggest that the right combination of fungus species and host-plant cultivar is important for successful utilisation of AMF under cold conditions.
Introduction
Authors: Roulston Kathryn
Published: March 2019

This chapter introduces this collection by reviewing work that uses ethnomethodologically inspired approaches to analyze research interviews. These analyses supplement data representations that focus on “what” topics are talked about with information concerning “how” topics are elicited in specific interactional contexts. Informed by critiques that much interview research fails to account for interactional contexts in which descriptions were generated, this work uses tools drawn from ethnomethodology (EM), membership categorization analysis (MCA) and conversation analysis (CA) to explore features of interview interaction, construction of speakers’ accounts, interviewers’ roles in the generation of data, and what this means for social research. This work informs (1) the design and conduct of research studies, specifically the formulation of interview questions to elicit interviewees’ accounts, and the conduct of interviews with special populations, (2) the analysis and representation of interview data, and (3) the teaching of interview practice. The chapter concludes by introducing readers to the organization of the book and forthcoming chapters.
“It doesn’t make sense, but it actually does”
Authors: Jung Hanbyul
Published: March 2019

The focus group is typically defined as a form of research interview involving a group of people, facilitated by a moderator with prepared questions (Puchta and Potter 2004). The purpose of focus groups is to elicit participants’ descriptions of feelings, opinions, perceptions, and attitudes concerning the topic. As in other interviews, focus groups lend findings that rely largely on the interactional contingencies and dynamics that occur within, and yet less work has focused on their interactional features. Using conversation analysis (CA), this chapter aims to respecify focus group interaction as a locus for participants’ locally, collaboratively and sometimes incongruently accomplished actions, specifically focusing on the contingency of participants’ discussion sequences. With data examples from focus groups that were conducted with Korean teachers of English (EFL) within a teacher development program evaluation context, this chapter outlines how participants make use of diverse interactional resources in collaboratively constructing responses. This analysis helps to illuminate the major findings of the focus groups.
A universal method to fabricate Cu films with superhydrophobic and anti-corrosion properties
Authors: Meng Keke , Tan Xin , Shang Fei , Jiang Zhonghao
Published: March 2019

Multi-functional Cu films were fabricated by an improved electric brush-plating technique and subsequent immersion treatment in ethanol solution of stearic acid. The brush-plated Cu film exhibited unique lotus-like surface architectures, which endowed it with highly hydrophobicity, instead of metallic intrinsic hydrophilicity. After solution-immersion for certain time, the Cu films were gradually covered by a continuous net-like layer of copper stearate nano-sheets with low surface energy, which finally rendered them stable superhydrophobic and even self-cleaning. Electrochemical measurement revealed that anti-corrosion property of Cu is intimately linked with its surface wettability, and the superhydrophobicity indeed provides high corrosion resistance for Cu substrate in corrosion environment. This strategy can extend generally to other relevant metals.
Not Against Structure, but in Search of Better Structures
Authors: Levine Caroline
Published: March 2019

This brief essay responds to Winfried Fluck’s claim that Forms offers a theory of structures as “endless, all-pervasive domination.” It counters that forms are necessary to all collective life, and that the goal is therefore not to strive for a freedom from all structures, but to identify better, more just and capacitating forms than those we have now.
A City by the Sea: Uncovering Beirut's Media Waste
Authors: Atwood Blake
Published: March 2019

What kinds of social, cultural, and political narratives emerge when we pay attention to how media are physically rendered as trash? By reducing media to their material forms and tracing their journey from use to disuse, the stories behind media activism start to appear. This article studies where Beirut’s media waste goes and who brings it there. A women-only beach, a refugee camp from the early 20th century, and some of the most vulnerable populations in Lebanon all exist alongside Beirut’s trash. They are part of the story of media in the Arab world because media are waste. While media activism in the Arab world is often marked by the visibility of bodies in protest, media waste in Lebanon is governed by a politics of invisibility that covers and hides the very social problems that media activism seeks to address.
Left ventricular concentric remodelling and functional impairment in women with ischaemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease and intermediate coronary flow reserve: a report from the WISE-CVD study
Authors: Park Seong-Mi , Wei Janet , Cook-Wiens Galen , Nelson Michael D , Thomson Louise , Berman Daniel , Handberg Eileen , Petersen John , Anderson David , Pepine Carl J , Merz C Noel Bairey
Published: March 2019

Aims

Women with evidence of ischaemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) often have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Although invasively measured coronary flow reserve (CFR) is useful for the diagnosis of CMD, intermediate CFR values are often found of uncertain significance. We investigated myocardial flow reserve and left ventricular (LV) structural and functional remodelling in women with suspected INOCA and intermediate CFR.

Methods and results

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation-Coronary Vascular Dysfunction (WISE-CVD) study participants who had invasively measured intermediate CFR of 2.0≤ CFR ≤3.0 (n = 125) were included for this analysis. LV strain, peak filling rate (PFR) and myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) were obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were divided: (i) Group 1 (n = 66) high MPRI ≥ 1.8, and (ii) Group 2 (n = 59) low MPRI < 1.8. The mean age was 54 ± 12 years and CFR was 2.46 ± 0.27. MPRI was significantly different but CFR did not differ between groups. LV relative wall thickness (RWT) trended higher in Group 2 and circumferential peak systolic strain and early diastolic strain rate were lower (P = 0.039 and P = 0.035, respectively), despite a similar LV ejection fraction and LV mass. PFR was higher in Group 1 and LV RWT was negatively related to PFR (r = −0.296, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

In women with suspected INOCA and intermediate CFR, those with lower MPRI had a trend towards more adverse remodelling and impaired diastolic LV function compared with those with higher MPRI. CFR was similar between the two groups. These findings provide evidence that both coronary microvessel vasomotion and structural and functional myocardial remodelling contribute to CMD.
Use of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene valved patch with a sinus in right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction†
Authors: Miyazaki Takako , Yamagishi Masaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Itatani Keiichi , Asada Satoshi , Fujita Shuhei , Hongu Hisayuki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Yaku Hitoshi
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this study was to evaluate our late outcomes using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) valved patches with bulging sinuses and a fan-shaped valve for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction.

METHODS:

Six hundred and ninety patients underwent RVOT reconstruction using fan-shaped ePTFE valves and ePTFE valved patches with a bulging sinus. The patients’ median age and weight were 1.3 years [range 4 days–64.2 years, interquartile range (IQR) 0.9–2.3 years] and 8.7 (range 2.8–83.1, IQR 7.4–10.5) kg, respectively. The patches were monocuspid in 634 patients, bicuspid in 49 patients and tricuspid in 7 patients. Preoperative and postoperative data were collected retrospectively from the patients’ medical records. The longest follow-up period was 17.5 (7.6 ± 3.9) years.

RESULTS:

There were no deaths related to the ePTFE patch. Pulmonary insufficiency was less than mild in 77.3%, and the peak RVOT gradient was <36 mmHg in 92.3% at the latest follow-up. Redo of RVOT reconstruction was performed in 40 patients, in no cases because of patch infection. Overall freedom from reoperation at 5, 10 and 15 years was 96.5%, 93.1% and 87.9%, respectively; by patient age, the rates at 5, 10 and 15 years for those younger than 1 year were 93.2%, 91.0% and 88.9%, respectively, while for those 1 year or older, they were 97.9%, 94.0% and 88.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Satisfactory long-term outcomes were achieved with ePTFE patches with a bulging sinus and a fan-shaped valve. This ePTFE valved patch could be the optimal choice for RVOT reconstruction.
Results for tricuspid valve surgery in adults with congenital heart disease other than Ebstein’s anomaly†
Authors: Lo Rito Mauro , Grandinetti Maria , Muzio Giulia , Varrica Alessandro , Frigiola Alessandro , Micheletti Angelo , Chessa Massimo , Giamberti Alessandro
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Tricuspid valve (TV) surgery in the adult with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is a frequently performed procedure. The aim of this study was to analyse postoperative and medium-term outcomes.

METHODS:

We conducted a single-centre retrospective study of patients with ACHD who underwent TV surgery (January 2000–December 2016); patients with Ebstein’s anomalies were excluded. Operative and clinical records were reviewed. Outcomes considered were survival, grade of insufficiency/stenosis and TV reoperation at follow-up.

RESULTS:

A total of 128 patients with ACHD had TV surgery for functional regurgitation (n = 95), dysplasia (n = 23) and systemic TV (n = 10). Median age was 40.8 years [interquartile range (IQR) 25.3]; 55.5% were men. Preoperative regurgitation was classified as mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 47) and severe (n = 70). The TV was repaired in 109 as follows: ring annuloplasty (n = 43), de Vega annuloplasty (n = 29), Wooler annuloplasty (n = 13), commissural plasty (n = 9), Kay annuloplasty (n = 7) and others (n = 8). The TV was replaced in 19 patients with biological (n = 10) and mechanical (n = 9) prostheses. The median hospital stay was 12 days (IQR 10). The overall mortality rate was 8.6% (n = 11): 2 hospital deaths (1.6%) and 9 late deaths. Survival was 93% [95% confidence interval (CI) 85–97%] at 5 years and 83% (95% CI 70–91%) at 10 years. The median follow-up period was 4.95 years (IQR 7.7) with 1 TV reoperation. Echocardiographic assessment showed ≥moderate regurgitation in 34 (34.3%) patients. Suture plasty had a significantly higher incidence of TV regurgitation ≥moderate compared to ring annuloplasty (48.9% vs 26.3%; P = 0.033).

CONCLUSIONS:

TV surgery in the ACHD is frequently associated with other main procedures. Stabilizing the TV annulus with a prosthetic ring guarantees lower recurrence of moderate to severe regurgitation compared to suture plasty repair.
Modelling preference heterogeneity using a Bayesian finite mixture of Almost Ideal Demand Systems
Authors: Kehlbacher Ariane , Srinivasan Chittur , McCloy Rachel , Tiffin Richard
Published: March 2019

Demand studies often use observable characteristics to proxy preference heterogeneity. It is likely, however, that some households with the same observable characteristics have quite different preferences. An alternative approach is to use a Gaussian mixture of Almost Ideal Demand Systems to capture the heterogeneity. We show how to estimate this with censored purchase data for 5 food categories using Bayesian inference. Using model outputs we infer four different preference classes; how distinct these classes are from one another and which food categories are driving the segmentation process.
Differential Effects of Rapamycin and Metformin in Combination With Rapamycin on Mechanisms of Proteostasis in Cultured Skeletal Myotubes
Authors: Wolff Christopher A , Reid Justin J , Musci Robert V , Bruns Danielle R , Linden Melissa A , Konopka Adam R , Peelor Frederick F , Miller Benjamin F , Hamilton Karyn L
Published: March 2019

mTOR inhibition extends life span in multiple organisms. In mice, when metformin treatment (Met) is added to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (Rap), median and maximal life span is extended to a greater degree than with Rap or Met alone. Treatments that extend life span often maintain proteostasis. However, it is less clear how individual tissues, such as skeletal muscle, maintain proteostasis with life span–extending treatments. In C2C12 myotubes, we used deuterium oxide (D2O) to directly measure two primary determinants of proteostasis, protein synthesis, and degradation rates, with Rap or Met+Rap treatments. We accounted for the independent effects of cell growth and loss, and isolated the contribution of autophagy and mitochondrial fission to obtain a comprehensive assessment of protein turnover. Compared with control, both Rap and Met+Rap treatments lowered mitochondrial protein synthesis rates (p < .001) and slowed cellular proliferation (p < .01). These changes resulted in greater activation of mechanisms promoting proteostasis for Rap, but not Met+Rap. Compared with control, both Rap and Met+Rap slowed protein breakdown. Autophagy and mitochondrial fission differentially influenced the proteostatic effects of Rap and Met+Rap in C2C12 myotubes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Met+Rap did not increase protein turnover and that these treatments do not seem to promote proteostasis through increased autophagy.
Cutoff Value for Correcting White Blood Cell Count for Nucleated Red Blood Cells: What is it? Why is it Important?
Authors: Constantino Benie T , Rivera Gilbert Keith Q
Published: March 2019

Nucleated red blood cells (RBCs) are normally observed in the peripheral blood of neonates and during pregnancy. Under other conditions, the presence of nucleated RBCs in circulating blood indicates disorder in the blood-producing mechanism. The increased presence of nucleated RBCs, however, falsely elevates the leukocyte count, as measured by most automated hematology analyzers, warranting a manual correction of the leukocyte count. For a long time, cutoff values for correcting white blood cell (WBC) count for the presence of nucleated RBCs have been used regularly, particularly in developing countries. However, because those values are largely subjective, they can vary widely between laboratories worldwide. These varied cutoff values include 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50; it appears that the numbers 5 and 10 are the most common values used in corrections; the reasons require further elucidation. In this article, we discuss the merits of correcting the WBC count for nucleated RBCs at certain cutoff points.