bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostication in periodontics – science or art?
Authors: Ower Philip
Published: June 2018

Abstract: It has long been assumed that clinicians are able to predict the course of periodontal disease and advise patients about the longevity of individual teeth; the evidence challenges this concept and suggests that clinicians are unable to do this with any certainty. Periodontal therapy can be highly effective in the long term and questionable teeth can be retained for long periods. These facts have important implications when deciding whether or not to remove a tooth and consider some form of tooth replacement. The advent of dental implants has further complicated this decision-making process. In addition, the fate of dental implants in periodontally susceptible patients is not as predictable as it is in the periodontally healthy.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper highlights the difficulties clinicians face when determining the prognosis of periodontally involved teeth in terms of whether to extract or retain such teeth. It also examines the survival of implants in periodontally susceptible patients. ‘Let's see what happens' is actually very sensible….time is a powerful diagnostic tool, though many patients are unimpressed by it’ (Raymond Tallis, Hippocratic Oaths 2004).
Trigeminal nerve injuries related to restorative treatment
Authors: Renton Tara
Published: June 2018

Abstract: Restorative dentistry provides many opportunities to cause trigeminal nerve damage. Chronic post-surgical pain, resulting from nerve damage, is rarely associated with dentistry as a result of local anaesthetic (LA) infiltration injections but is more commonly associated with injuries to the nerve trunks of division two and three caused by LA blocks, implants and endodontics.

In dentistry, the term paraesthesia is often used inappropriately to mean neuropathy. Paraesthesia is only a descriptive term of symptoms, meaning altered sensation, and not a diagnosis. When sensory nerves are injured, a neuropathy (malfunction) may arise and this may be painful or non-painful. Fortunately, painful post-traumatic neuropathy, caused by injury to nerves, is rare in dentistry compared with other common general surgical procedures, where up to 20–40% of patients experience chronic post-surgical pain after limb amputation, thoracotomy and breast surgery. This article aims to highlight how to prevent nerve injuries using strategies for risk assessment, appropriate surgical techniques and suitable follow-up protocols to allow urgent management to optimize resolution of the nerve injuries when they occur.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Prevention of rare nerve injuries arising from common dental procedures is key, as many high risk procedures can cause lifelong neuropathic pain, functional and immense psychological impact for the patients involved, for which there is no simple remedy.
Research roundup: June 2018
Authors: Thurtle Val , Willis Angela , Seal Joanne
Published: June 2018

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Domestic violence and abuse: A personal story
Authors: Smith Lynne
Published: June 2018

In this article, Lynne Smith * shares an insight into domestic violence from a professional and personal perspective, highlighting where missed opportunities occurred and what could have been done to help her to escape her abuser.
An online resource to support speech, language and communication development in children
Authors: Cowie Jean , Gibson Joanne
Published: June 2018

Speech, language and communication (SLC) skills are a critical factor in a child's development and in predicting children's wellbeing outcomes and later life chances. There are links between social disadvantage and SLC needs. This article provides an overview of SLC and describes the development of an online resource entitled Speech, language and communication: Giving children the best possible start in life. The tool aims to support health visitors and other early years workers to assess SLC development, and empower parents to facilitate it in their children.
A prospective study of screening for musculoskeletal pathology in the child with a limp or pseudoparalysis using erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and MRI
Authors: Mitchell P. D. , Viswanath A. , Obi N. , Littlewood A. , Latimer M.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

To determine if the detection of musculoskeletal pathology in children with a limp or acute limb disuse can be optimized by screening with blood tests for raised inflammatory markers, followed by MRI.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study. Entry criteria were children (0 to 16 years of age) presenting to our emergency department with a non-traumatic limp or pseudoparalysis of a limb, and no abnormality on plain radiographs. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood tests were performed. Children with ESR > 10 mm/hr or CRP > 10 mg/L underwent a MRI scan. When the location of the pathology causing the limp was clinically unclear, screening images (Cor t1 and Short Tau Inversion Recovery) of both lower limbs from pelvis to ankles (‘legogram’) was undertaken. Data was gathered prospectively from 100 consecutive children meeting the study criteria.

Results

In all, 75% of children had a positive finding on their MRI. A total of 64% of cases had an infective cause for their symptoms (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, fasciitis, cellulitis or discitis). A further 11% had positive findings on MRI from non-infective causes (juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cancer or undisplaced fracture). The remaining 25% had either a normal scan or effusion due to transient synovitis. ESR was a more sensitive marker than CRP in infection, since ESR was raised in 97%, but CRP in only 70%.

Conclusion

In our opinion MRI imaging of all children with a limp and either raised ESR or CRP is a sensitive method to minimize the chance of missing important pathology in this group, and is an effective use of MRI resources. We advocate the use of both blood tests in conjunction.

Level of Evidence

Level II
The influences of gender and income inequality on cross-national variations in lethal violence
Authors: Valdimarsdóttir Margrét
Published: June 2018

The current research examines the cross-national relationship between income and gender inequality as well as their interconnected influences on both female and male homicide victimization. Using a sample of 127 heterogeneous countries, this research supports previous studies that economically stratified societies tend to have high levels of lethal violence. The study also finds that economically stratified societies tend to be male-dominated, which is also associated with increased violence against women as well as increased male-onmale violence.
Quasilinear equations with indefinite nonlinearity
Authors: Zhao Junfang , Liu Xiangqing , Feng Zhaosheng
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we are concerned with
quasilinear equations with indefinite nonlinearity and explore the existence
of infinitely many solutions.
An overview of EFLM harmonization activities in Europe
Authors: Kilpatrick Eric S. , Sandberg Sverre
Published: June 2018

The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) has initiated many harmonization activities in all phases of the examination process. The EFLM is dealing with both the scientific and the educational aspects of harmonization, with the intention of disseminating best practice in laboratory medicine throughout Europe. Priorities have been given (1) to establish a standard for conducting and assessing biological variation studies and to construct an evidence based EFLM webpage on biological variation data, (2) to harmonize preanalytical procedures by producing European guidelines, (3) to improve test ordering and interpretation, (4) to produce other common European guidelines for laboratory medicine and play an active part in development of clinical guidelines, (5) to establish a common basis for communicating laboratory results to patients, (6) to harmonize units of measurement throughout Europe, (7) to harmonize preanalytical procedures in molecular diagnostics and (8) to harmonize and optimize test evaluation procedures. The EFLM is also now launching the 5th version of the European Syllabus to help the education of European Specialists in Laboratory Medicine (EuSpLM), which is being supported by the development of e-learning courses. A register of EuSpLM is already established for members of National Societies in EU countries, and a similar register will be established for specialists in non-EU countries.
Early availability of laboratory results increases same day ward discharge rates
Authors: Cornes Michael P. , Danks Graham , Elgaddal Sanna , Jawad Mohammed , Tonks Jayne , Ries Elisabeth , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau
Published: June 2018

Background:

Delayed discharge reduces hospital efficiency and inconveniences patients. Most hospitals discharge in the afternoon, whereas the most common admission time is mid-morning. Consequently, new patients wait for the beds of patients who are fit to be discharged. Earlier discharge may, therefore, improve patient flow. We investigated the impact of early phlebotomy with early availability of laboratory results on patient discharge rates and discharge time.

Methods:

Discharge rates, discharge time and sample turnaround time were assessed before (1 October 2014 to 31 December 2014) and after (1 October 2015 to 31 December 2015) introduction of earlier phlebotomy with availability of laboratory results prior to the ward rounds on two surgical wards.

Results:

Following the intervention, over 95% of results were available before 8:30 am in 2015 as compared to less than 1% in 2014. Specimen turnaround times were similar in both study periods. Even after adjustment for age, gender, admission type and length of admission, the same day discharge rate was higher in 2015 compared to 2014 (60% vs. 52%; p<0.002), but time of discharge was unchanged.

Conclusions:

Early availability of blood results prior to ward rounds increased ward discharges but did not affect discharge time.
The role of acid sphingomyelinase and modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in bacterial infection
Authors: Simonis Alexander , Schubert-Unkmeir Alexandra
Published: June 2018

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide, thereby modulating membrane structures and signal transduction. Bacterial pathogens can manipulate ASM activity and function, and use host sphingolipids during multiple steps of their infection process. An increase in ceramides upon infection results in the formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms that serve to cluster receptor molecules and organize intracellular signaling molecules, thus facilitating bacterial uptake. In this review, we focus on how extracellular bacterial pathogens target ASM and modulate membrane properties and signaling pathways to gain entry into eukaryotic cells or induce cell death. We describe how intracellular pathogens interfere with the intralysosomal functions of ASM to favor replication and survival. In addition, bacteria utilize their own sphingomyelinases as virulence factors to modulate sphingolipid metabolism. The potential of ASM as a target for treating bacterial infections is also discussed.
Selective BH3-mimetics targeting BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1 induce severe mitochondrial perturbations
Authors: Henz Kristina , Al-Zebeeby Aoula , Basoglu Marion , Fulda Simone , Cohen Gerald M. , Varadarajan Shankar , Vogler Meike
Published: June 2018

Induction of apoptosis by selective BH3-mimetics is currently investigated as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we report that selective BH3-mimetics induce apoptosis in a variety of hematological malignancies. Apoptosis is accompanied by severe mitochondrial toxicities upstream of caspase activation. Specifically, the selective BH3-mimetics ABT-199, A-1331852 and S63845, which target BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1, respectively, induce comparable ultrastructural changes including mitochondrial swelling, a decrease of mitochondrial matrix density and severe loss of cristae structure. These shared effects on mitochondrial morphology indicate a similar function of these anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function.
Austrian Constitutional Court Somewhere under the Rainbow: Marriage Equality and the Role of the Austrian Constitutional Court
Authors: Pail Christa
Published: June 2018

In 2010, Austria introduced the Registered Partnership as the only form of legal recognition for same-sex couples while marriage is limited to heterosexual couples. In a recent judgment, the Austrian Constitutional Court decided this limitation to be unconstitutional. Due to numerous legal changes in the last years, the legal framework governing registered partnerships and marriage became nearly identical. By upholding different terms for the same kind of relationship, same-sex partners are presented unequal to different-sex couples and forced to show their sexual orientation even in situations where sexual orientation should be irrelevant. This puts them at risk of discrimination. The Court considers this as a violation of the principle of equality.
Outcomes in oligohydramnios: the role of etiology in predicting pulmonary morbidity/mortality
Authors: Hesson Ashley , Langen Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

Objective

Early-onset oligohydramnios is typically secondary to renal-urinary anomalies (RUA) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). We compared neonatal pulmonary outcomes between these etiologies.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with oligohydramnios identified before 24 completed weeks of gestation attributed to either PPROM or RUA. Patients were excluded if other fetal anomalies were noted. Respiratory morbidity was assessed by the need for oxygen at 36 corrected weeks or at hospital discharge.

Results

Of 116 eligible patients, 54 chose elective pregnancy termination. A total of 39.5% of PPROM (n=17/43) and 36.8% of RUA (n=7/19) pregnancies experienced pre-viable loss (P=1.00). Significantly fewer PPROM live births resulted in neonatal mortality (26.9% vs. 75.0%, P<0.01). There was no difference in respiratory morbidity (57.9% vs. 66.6%, P=1.00). The collective incidence of respiratory mortality and morbidity was not different between etiologies (P=0.06).

Conclusion

This analysis suggests that the prognoses for oligohydramnios due to pre-viable PPROM vs. renal anomalies are similarly grave, though RUA infants experienced a higher rate of neonatal respiratory mortality.
Obstetrical, maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies affected by muscular dystrophy
Authors: Petrangelo Adriano , Alshehri Eman , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Abenhaim Haim A.
Published: June 2018

Objective:

Pregnancies in women affected by a muscular dystrophy are at an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes due to the effect of the disease on the muscular, cardiac and respiratory systems. We sought to evaluate the risk of adverse outcomes within a large population-based cohort study.

Methods:

We used the data extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to conduct a retrospective population-based cohort study consisting of over 12 million births that occurred in the United States between 1999 and 2013. Births to mothers with muscular dystrophy were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes and were compared with births to mothers with no maternal muscular dystrophy. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the adjusted effect of muscular dystrophy on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results:

During the 14-year study period, there was an increasing trend in the incidence of muscular dystrophy, with a cumulative incidence of 7.26 in 100,000 births. Women with muscular dystrophy and their neonates were at a significantly increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: specifically, an increased risk of preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, venous thromboembolism, cardiac dysrhythmia, requiring a blood transfusion and giving birth by cesarean section. Neonates born to affected mothers were at a significantly higher risk of being born preterm, with a congenital malformation and suffering intrauterine growth restriction.

Conclusion:

The risk of several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes is increased in pregnant women with muscular dystrophy. As such, additional surveillance in order to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes is warranted in these pregnancies.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ3-5-carboxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-κ5
O,O′:O′′,O′′′:O′′′)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)cadmium(II)], C100H60N12O16Cd4
Authors: Song Wei , Xu Xue-Li , Yang Yan-Ju , Li Shi-Hui
Published: June 2018

C100H60N12O16Cd4, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 21.2654(5) Å, b = 11.1493(3) Å, c = 17.3039(4) Å, β = 97.774(2)°, V = 4064.96(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0213, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0559, T = 289.23(10) K.
Density development in foam forming: wet pressing dynamics
Authors: Järvinen Marjo , Pihko Riku , Ketoja Jukka A.
Published: June 2018

The compression behaviour of both foam and water formed wet sheets was studied in the laboratory. The development of sheet thickness was followed for different pressing dynamics including both short and long pulses. The immediate recovery of sheet thickness after the first short pressing pulse was clearly better for foam than for water. The bulk advantage of foam forming gradually reduced as the number of pressing pulses increased. The solids content after wet pressing became higher for foam than water forming. The differences in sheet density and dewatering for the two forming methods should be taken into account when developing industrial processes for lightweight fibre-based products.
Design of an integrated optics for transglutaminase conformational change
Authors: Chen Chen , Hou Xun , Si Jinhai
Published: June 2018

A detailed theoretical research on a novel integrated optics with surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based waveguide is presented. An SPR multilayer section is designed by introducing intermediate layers to support fundamental mode and stronger electromagnetic field. Most current techniques excited with a single optical mode are “blind” to the conformational change of bound molecules. The greatest strength of such technique lies in monitoring protein conformational change. The Mach-Zehnder interferometry architecture is adopted to maximize sensor sensitivity and prevent unspecific binding from biological material and error from geometrical difference. A proof-of-concept is conducted on the integrated optics by detecting protein transglutaminase (tTG) specifically binding calcium ion (Ca2+) via the finite-element method. The minimum decrease of biolayer thickness (δa
=0.5 nm) caused by tTG-Ca2+ interaction is much smaller than a single protein molecule (normally 1–100 nm). Associated with biolayer thickness and density, a thin dense layer is formed as Ca2+ binds to the tTG protein. Thus, the tTG protein undergoing conformational change on binding Ca2+ is traced and verified as molecular interaction occurs.
Interaction of nanofillers in injection-molded graphene/carbon nanotube reinforced PA66 hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Doagou-Rad Saeed , Islam Aminul , Jensen Jakob S. , Alnasser Ammar
Published: June 2018

Interaction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets within injection-molded thermoplastic-based nanocomposites is investigated. The research shows how the nanofillers’ combination ratio and content influence the properties in the semicrystalline thermoplastic-based composites. Three main groups of polyamide-based composite specimens containing either or both of the nanofillers are prepared. Results show that the single inclusion of the nanomaterials improves the mechanical and thermal properties significantly. However, the combined incorporation of both the nanofillers in the polymeric matrix does not lead to the linear combination of the observed behaviors. While the mechanical properties and the degrees of crystallinity improve, the thermal conductivities decrease in the hybrid composites for similar nanofiller contents. Rheological and crystallization investigations also showed the dominant influence of the nanotubes in the structure of the hybrid composites. The underlying mechanisms of modulation in the properties were also investigated in detail.
Optical Ammonia Sensor Based on ZnO:Eu2+ Fluorescence Quenching Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Wanting , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan , Chen Hongliang , He Ying , Deng Dashen , Peng Zhiqing
Published: June 2018

An ammonia sensor is conceived and constructed using the downconverting ZnO:Eu2+ nanoparticles that can be excited by near-ultraviolet (378 nm) light and emit indigo color light. The capability of the ZnO:Eu2+ nanoparticles for ammonia gas sensing was studied from fluorescence quenching measurements. When these nanoparticles were exposed to ammonia gas, a significant luminescent intensity variation of the excitation spectra was observed. The detection limit of the proposed optical gas sensor is 20 ppm with a good linearity (R
2 =0.9759) from 0 to 80 ppm of ammonia. The sensor has the advantages of a simple structure, high sensitivity, easy fabrication, and low cost, and can be used for sensing ammonia gas in factories, laboratories, etc.
Programmatic Configurations for the Twenty-First-Century Developmental State in Urban Brazil
Authors: Gibson Christopher L.
Published: June 2018

Supplementing a traditional focus on economic dimensions of development, sociologists now frequently examine the origins of macro-level growth in human capabilities. One emergent theoretical framework for doing so emphasizes the promise of “twenty-first-century developmental states” for broadening delivery of capability-enhancing public services like health and education. Nevertheless, the configurations of state-society actors that are consistently willing and able to construct such institutions are far from obvious, highlighting a missing-agent problem at the core of the framework. The article addresses this gap by tracing Brazil's historic improvements in social development to what I call “programmatic configurations,” or broad-based alliances of civil and political society actors that ameliorate vexing public problems by building democratic institutions and state capacities needed to enact rights-based social policies. It argues that frequent local office-holding by “sanitarista” activists from the country's most important health movement, the Sanitarist Movement, has been essential for constituting the programmatic configurations that maximized social development across urban Brazil in recent decades. More specifically, a brief historical account of the movement and fuzzy-set analysis show that programmatic configurations assembled by sanitaristas in Brazil's largest capitals have generally been a sufficient condition for maximizing improvement over time in three outcomes: infant-mortality reduction, municipal spending on health and sanitation, and municipal delivery of primary public health care. I correspondingly argue for broadening the twenty-first-century developmental state framework to accommodate how programmatic configurations—and the pragmatically inclined civil society activists at their core—can contribute to democratic state-building for social development.
Migrant Labor and State Power
Authors: Trần Angie Ngọc , Crinis Vicki
Published: June 2018

Drawing on Foucault’s concepts of biopolitical subject formation and governmentality, this article seeks to understand transnational state power and how Vietnamese migrant workers negotiate within a transnational framework both while working in Malaysia and upon their return to Vietnam. By conducting multi-sited interviews in Vietnam and Malaysia between 2008 and 2015, we contribute to the transnational labor migration literature by focusing on Vietnamese factory and construction workers in Malaysia and their resistance to transnational state power. We argue that these two emerging economies, as part of the neoliberal world, use their systems, media, and technologies to produce and manage citizens (in Vietnam) and non-citizen subjects (migrants in Malaysia) who comply with labor export policy and foreign worker policy, respectively. These two states ensure both government and individual accumulation to sustain their power. Meanwhile, Vietnamese migrant subjects negotiate their roles, resist when necessary, and at times, even benefit from overseas labor migration.
snpGeneSets: An R Package for Genome-Wide Study Annotation
Authors: Mei Hao , Li Lianna , Jiang Fan , Simino Jeannette , Griswold Michael , Mosley Thomas , Liu Shijian
Published: June 2018

Genome-wide studies (GWS) of SNP associations and differential gene expressions have generated abundant results; next-generation sequencing technology has further boosted the number of variants and genes identified. Effective interpretation requires massive annotation and downstream analysis of these genome-wide results, a computationally challenging task. We developed the snpGeneSets package to simplify annotation and analysis of GWS results. Our package integrates local copies of knowledge bases for SNPs, genes, and gene sets, and implements wrapper functions in the R language to enable transparent access to low-level databases for efficient annotation of large genomic data. The package contains functions that execute three types of annotations: (1) genomic mapping annotation for SNPs and genes and functional annotation for gene sets; (2) bidirectional mapping between SNPs and genes, and genes and gene sets; and (3) calculation of gene effect measures from SNP associations and performance of gene set enrichment analyses to identify functional pathways. We applied snpGeneSets to type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from the NHGRI genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog, a Finnish GWAS, and a genome-wide expression study (GWES). These studies demonstrate the usefulness of snpGeneSets for annotating and performing enrichment analysis of GWS results. The package is open-source, free, and can be downloaded at: https://www.umc.edu/biostats_software/.
Enhancer Sharing Promotes Neighborhoods of Transcriptional Regulation Across Eukaryotes
Authors: Quintero-Cadena Porfirio , Sternberg Paul W
Published: June 2018

Enhancers physically interact with transcriptional promoters, looping over distances that can span multiple regulatory elements. Given that enhancer–promoter (EP) interactions generally occur via common protein complexes, it is unclear whether EP pairing is predominantly deterministic or proximity guided. Here, we present cross-organismic evidence suggesting that most EP pairs are compatible, largely determined by physical proximity rather than specific interactions. By reanalyzing transcriptome datasets, we find that the transcription of gene neighbors is correlated over distances that scale with genome size. We experimentally show that nonspecific EP interactions can explain such correlation, and that EP distance acts as a scaling factor for the transcriptional influence of an enhancer. We propose that enhancer sharing is commonplace among eukaryotes, and that EP distance is an important layer of information in gene regulation.
Fission Yeast CENP-C (Cnp3) Plays a Role in Restricting the Site of CENP-A Accumulation
Authors: Suma Michiko , Kitagawa Teppei , Nakase Yukiko , Nakazawa Norihiko , Yanagida Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Tomohiro
Published: June 2018

The centromere is a chromosomal locus where a microtubule attachment site, termed kinetochore, is assembled in mitosis. In most eukaryotes, with the exception of holocentric species, each chromosome contains a single distinct centromere. A chromosome with an additional centromere undergoes successive rounds of anaphase bridge formation and breakage, or triggers a cell cycle arrest imposed by DNA damage and replication checkpoints. We report here a study in Schizosaccharomyces pombe to characterize a mutant (cnp3-1) in a gene encoding a homolog of mammalian centromere-specific protein, CENP-C. At the restrictive temperature 36°, the Cnp3-1 mutant protein loses its localization at the centromere. In the cnp3-1 mutant, the level of the Cnp1 (a homolog of a centromere-specific histone CENP-A) also decreases at the centromere. Interestingly, the cnp3-1 mutant is prone to promiscuous accumulation of Cnp1 at non-centromeric regions, when Cnp1 is present in excess. Unlike the wild type protein, Cnp3-1 mutant protein is found at the sites of promiscuous accumulation of Cnp1, suggesting that Cnp3-1 may stabilize or promote accumulation of Cnp1 at non-centromeric regions. From these results, we infer the role of Cnp3 in restricting the site of accumulation of Cnp1 and thus to prevent formation of de novo centromeres.
Relectura transcultural de un clásico revolucionario: Trágame tierra de Lizandro Chávez Alfaro
Authors: Rothe Thomas
Published: June 2018

Aun cuando Trágame tierra2 (1969), de Lizandro Chávez Alfaro (1929-2006), es reconocida como la primera novela contemporánea nicaragüense, sigue ocupando un lugar marginal en el panorama de la crítica latinoamericana. Las lecturas que se le han hecho tienden a enfatizar cómo retrata los esfuerzos revolucionarios contra la dictadura somocista, dando poca importancia al elemento regional que Chávez Alfaro desarrolla, en particular el mundo cultural de la llamada Costa Atlántica. Este artículo analiza la novela a partir de una perspectiva transcultural, guiada por las elaboraciones teóricas de Ángel Rama, con el objetivo de problematizar cómo introduce la otredad cultural del Caribe nicaragüense en el discurso letrado nacional. Se centra en las diversas formas de representar el choque entre la modernización estatal y la diferencia cultural caribeña, en particular las representaciones de sujetos subalternos, la pluralidad de nombres y las tensiones presentadas entre la oralidad y la escritura. Se argumenta que estos elementos forman las piezas de una narrativa transculturadora que destaca la inherente conflictividad de toda simbiosis cultural.
Ibn Jaldún: precursor de la Sociología Histórica
Authors: Gonzáles Uresti Luz Araceli , Zeraoui Zidane
Published: June 2018

“Ibn Jaldún, precursor de la sociología histórica” rescata al filósofo de la Edad Media islámica, no solamente como historiador, sociólogo, o pensador realista, sino como precursor de la sociología histórica además de ser el fundador de la sociología, “ilm al-iytimaa”, la “ciencia de la sociedad” como él la denominó. Este artículo busca unir estas dimensiones de Ibn Jaldún presentes en su obra magna, la muqadima, y destaca que su trabajo sobre relaciones internacionales fue un estudio fundamentado en el marco teórico-metodológico que seis siglos más tarde teorizara Raymond Aron en su trabajo Paz y guerra entre las naciones.
Introduction: The Citadel Symposium on Southern Politics
Authors: Buchanan Scott E. , Kapeluck Branwell DuBose
Published: June 2018

n/a
From Strom to Barack: Race, Ideology, and the Transformation of the Southern Party System
Authors: Abramowitz Alan I.
Published: June 2018

The southern party system has undergone a dramatic transformation since the 1960s, a transformation that has affected both the electoral bases of the parties and their leadership. This transformation has involved two related trends-a shift in the racial composition of the Democratic Party at the mass and elite levels and an ideological realignment that has produced a much wider gap between the ideological orientations and policy preferences of Democratic and Republican leaders and voters. In the South, to an even greater extent than in the rest of the nation, the Democratic Party has become increasingly dependent on the support of nonwhite voters. Meanwhile, despite the growing size of the nonwhite electorate in the South, the Republican base has remained overwhelmingly white. The growing dependence of the Democratic Party in the South on African-American and more recently Hispanic votes has contributed to the party's increasing liberalism because African-American and Hispanic voters tend to strongly support activist government. And this trend has also contributed to the growing conservatism of the Republican base as conservative whites have continued to flee the Democratic Party for the GOP. As a result, the two-party system in the South now consists of a Democratic Party dominated by nonwhites and white liberals and a Republican Party dominated by white conservatives.
Inventário de procedimentos didáticos de tradução: teoria, prática e método de pesquisa
Authors: CORAZZA SANDRA MARA
Published: June 2018

RESUMO Na filosofia da diferença em educação, o texto defende a seguinte tese como fato: o professor cria teoria, prática e método porque, ao educar, traduzindo, não tem como não criá-los. Ou, escrito de outro modo: ao traduzir a ciência, a arte e a filosofia, de modo curricular e didático, o professor tem, necessariamente, ideias criadoras. Para demonstrar essa facticidade, recorre-se ao roteiro para inventariar procedimentos de tradução em uma aula, respondidos por bolsistas e pesquisadores participantes do núcleo da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Toledo, PR), integrantes do projeto Escrileituras: um modo de ler-escrever em meio à vida, desenvolvido de 2011 a 2014, com apoio do programa Observatório da Educação/Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Realizando a análise empírica desse roteiro, discutem-se as inter-relações entre teoria, prática e método, indicando direções a seguir em futuras aulas e pesquisas, por seu valor heurístico na formação do professor-pesquisador.
Where’s the Money Going? The Importance of Accounting for Rent Payments in Measuring a Household's Financial Obligations
Authors: Chang Andrew C. , Hsu Joanne W. , Pack Sarah J. , Palumbo Michael G.
Published: June 2018

To get a more comprehensive picture of how families' uncommitted income has evolved since the financial crisis, we analyze a broader measure of households’ committed monthly payments that includes rent for renters, as well as payments to cover mortgages for homeowners and other debt obligations for all families.
Perfectionism, envy and hypercompetitiveness among university students
Authors: Garanyan N.G. , Klykova A.Y. , Sorokova M.G.
Published: June 2018

Annual reports of student counseling services and empirical findings demonstrate growing prevalence of student maladjustment. Perfectionism is among highly disputable factors of this tendency. A study was conducted in the sample of 226 Russian university students. Indices of perfectionism, social comparisons, envy and competitiveness were examined. Students high in perfectionism reported significantly higher levels of contrastive upward social comparisons, envy, hypercompetitiveness and depression than those low in perfectionism. Envy and social comparison orientation partially mediated a relationship between perfectionism and depression.
Building Academic Communities to Support Nursing Students with Disabilities: An Integrative Review
Authors: Neal-Boylan Leslie , Miller Michelle , Bell Jessica
Published: June 2018

Background: Students with disabilities in higher education are increasing, yet discrimination against nurses and nursing students with disabilities persists.  A healthy academic community must include students with disabilities who are receiving accommodations per the ADAAA.Aim: To determine the extent, if any, of progress in accommodating nursing students with disabilities since the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendment (ADAAA) of 2008. Methods: An integrative review of peer-reviewed literature written in English was conducted. The Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) were searched. The date range spanned from 2008 to 2018. The type of peer-reviewed literature was not specified.Results: Accommodating students with disabilities depends on individual faculty who remain concerned about patient safety. Faculty tend to view students with disabilities using a medical rather than a social model and evaluate students on the ability to perform essential functions of the job instead of on student competencies.Conclusions: Faculty are more aware of the needs of nursing students with disabilities and the need to accommodate them, yet discrimination still occurs. Academic communities must not discriminate against students with disabilities and should structure an interdisciplinary approach that includes assistance from the university disability office, education of faculty about the ADAAA and the development of sustainable educational models that integrate the individualized needs of all learners.
Impact of adenotonsillectomy on hearing profile of children with chronic middle ear effusion
Authors: James Febin , George Josmy , M. Regina
Published: June 2018

Background: Chronic middle ear effusion (CME) also known as otitis media with effusion (OME)/glue ear/secretory otitis media is the commonest cause of hearing loss in children, characterized by presence of sterile serous fluid within the middle ear, causing temporary and reversible hearing loss. The aim of present investigation was to determine the effect of adenotonsillectomy on hearing profile of children with persistent OME.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Pondicherry during the period of June 2014 to February 2016. 50 children, between the age group of 3-12 years, with features suggestive of OME, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy that underwent adenotonsillectomy during the study period was included in this study. Demographic details and clinical features were collected from the participants. Hearing evaluation was performed by pure tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry preoperatively at time of diagnosis and postoperatively at 6 weeks and 3 months after adenotonsillectomy. Data collected was plotted into master chart and analysed using paired t-test and chi square test to determine the improvement in hearing after 6 weeks and 3 months following surgery.Results: 46 children aged between 3 and 12 years with a mean age of 5.3 and standard deviation of 2.2 years. OME was most prevalent in age group was 5-7 years (34.78%) followed by 7-9 years (30.43%). There were 26 (56.52%) males and 20 (43.47%) females. Pre-operatively most of the subjects were having moderate conductive hearing loss (between 26dB to 40dB) with a mean hearing loss of 34.2dB and a standard deviation of 12.2dB. At 6 weeks postoperatively, hearing loss of children were within 16-25dB with a mean loss of 21.6dB and a standard deviation of 6.4dB. At 3 months postoperatively, 30 children were having only minimal hearing loss and 8 were having mild hearing loss.Conclusions: CME is a common cause of childhood hearing loss having a long-term sequel affecting the language development of the child. Adenoidectomy can improve the middle ear function and the hearing profile of child and can be considered as a practical management option in children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy with established otitis media with effusion.
Efficiency of emergency services in under developed district of the Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Sughra Mariam , Fatima Farwa , Marrium Mouzma , Abbas Khizer
Published: June 2018

Background: An emergency department or emergency room is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the acute care of patients who present without any prior appointment either by their own means or by that of an ambulance. The main objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of emergency service in Shaykh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Emergency Department of Shaykh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, from 05-06-2017 to 04-11-2017. A total of 139 subjects were involved in the study. Patients attending Emergency Department of Shaykh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan were included. Patients were observed and followed silently through their stay in the Emergency Department. All the data taken was entered in predesigned perform.Results: In the Emergency Department, among all the patients, 25.9% came with GIT complaints and only 3.6% had eye, ENT and Dental issues. About 48.2% of the patients had the first contact within 4 minutes. This study shows that the treatment of 49.7% patients started within 10 minutes after entering the emergency however for only 3.5% of the patients it took more than 25 minutes to start the treatment. About 42.4% of all the patients left the emergency after treatment within 20 minutes.Conclusions: Emergency medical services are a critical component of national health system in developing countries. Governments and ministries of health need to pay specific attention to develop emergency services and also to increase the health care staff.
La formación de mercados de alimentos en Argentina: un análisis sobre la comercialización de las harinas de trigo entre Santa Fe y las plazas norteñas (1880-1895)
Authors: Martirén Juan L. , Moyano Daniel
Published: June 2018

Se analiza el desarrollo de los canales de comercialización de las harinas de trigo, con el fin de aportar nueva evidencia que permita explicar la conformación de mercados integrados de bienes de consumo en la Argentina de fines del siglo XIX. Los intermediarios desempeñaron un papel central en el dominio alcanzado por las harinas de Santa Fe en las plazas del norte –particularmente Tucumán– desde la década de 1880, desplazando a abastecedores tradicionales. A partir de un análisis del vínculo comercial entre ambas plazas se busca mostrar la dinámica de funcionamiento de los intermediarios, sus conexiones, sus efectos sobre la conformación de los precios y sus estrategias de diferenciación de productos y captación de clientes.
Longitudinal Measurements of Intra- and Extracellular pH Gradient in a Rat Model of Glioma
Authors: Lim Heeseung , Albatany Mohammed , Martínez-Santiesteban Francisco , Bartha Robert , Scholl Timothy J.
Published: June 2018

This study presents the first longitudinal measurement of the intracellular/extracellular pH gradient in a rat glioma model using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. The acid–base balance in the brain is tightly controlled by endogenous buffers. Tumors often express a positive pH gradient (pHi – pHe) compared with normal tissue that expresses a negative gradient. Alkaline pHi in tumor cells increases activity of several enzymes that drive cellular proliferation. In contrast, acidic pHe is established because of increased lactic acid production and subsequent active transport of protons out of the cell. pHi was mapped using chemical exchange saturation transfer, whereas regional pHe was determined using hyperpolarized 13C bicarbonate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. pHi and pHe were measured at days 8, 12, and 15 postimplantation of C6 glioma cells into rat brains. Measurements were made in tumors and compared to brain tissue without tumor. Overall, average pH gradient in the tumor changed from −0.02 ± 0.12 to 0.10 ± 0.21 and then 0.19 ± 0.16. Conversely, the pH gradient of contralateral brain tissue changed from −0.45 ± 0.16 to −0.25 ± 0.21 and then −0.34 ± 0.25 (average pH ± 1 SD) Spatial heterogeneity of tumor pH gradient was apparent at later time points and may be useful to predict local areas of treatment resistance. Overall, the intracellular/extracellular pH gradients in this rat glioma model were noninvasively measured to a precision of ∼0.1 pH units at 3 time points. Because most therapeutic agents are weak acids or bases, a priori knowledge of the pH gradient may help guide choice of therapeutic agent for precision medicine.
Peripartum type A dissection: a case report
Authors: SANRI Umut Serhat , ÖZSİN Kadir Kaan , TOKTAŞ Faruk , YAVUZ Şenol
Published: June 2018

Aortic
dissection is a rare but potentially lethal complication during pregnancy in
young women and usually diagnosis could be overlooked. We reported a
40-year-old postpartum female with aortic dissection which developed in
peripartum period. She complained of interscapular back pain and chest pain. The
patient's  pain had continued after
caesarean section. She admitted to our clinic six days after this intervention.
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed the aortic dissection. Hemiarch replacement performed successfully and the
patient discharged uneventfully despite of delayed diagnosis.
Global tendencies in pork meat - production, trade and consumption
Authors: Szűcs István , Vida Viktoria
Published: June 2018

World meat production is anticipated to stagnate in 2016, rising by a mere 0.3% to 320.7 million tonnes. Increases in output are expected in the United States, Brazil, the EU, India and the Russian Federation, while reduced production is foreseen for China, Australia and South Africa. Global meat trade is forecast to recover in 2016, growing by 2.8% to 30.6 million tonnes, which would represent a return to trend, after a fall in 2015. World production of pig meat in 2016 is forecast to decrease marginally, by 0.7% to 116.4 million tonnes, thus registering a second year of virtual stagnation. As in 2015, lower output in China, which accounts for almost half the world total, is the main reason for the slowdown. An unfavourable feed-pork price ratio in the country and new environmental regulations have caused farmers to reduce breeding sows, stalling growth. China’s production is projected to be 54 million tonnes, down 2.5% from the previous year. Elsewhere in Asia, the Philippines and Vietnam could boost output. Also, production in Japan and the Republic of Korea may expand, as the industry recovers from outbreaks of PED, which reduced piglet numbers in the previous two years. Recovery from the effects of PED has been faster in the United States, where a second year of growth is anticipated, when production could increase by 1.9% to a record 11.3 million tonnes. Output in Mexico also continues to recover, following a PED outbreak in 2014, and may rise in 2016 by 2.0% to 1.3 million tonnes. Pork meat trade could experience a second year of growth, increasing by 4.4% to 7.5 million tonnes – a record level. Lower international prices have stimulated trade. Most of the principal importing countries are anticipated to increase their purchases, including Mexico, China, the Russian Federation, the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Australia. In response to rising demand, exports are projected to grow, in particular those of the United States, Canada, the EU and Brazil (FAO, 2016). Summarizing, in this study we wish to examine how evolve the world pork meat production, trade and consumption, and to demonstrate the main consuming countries, highlighting the role of China, as it is the most populated country in the world with its 1.4 billion inhabitants.

JEL Code: Q13, Q12