bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of work-family conflict on deviant workplace behavior through stress and burnout A sequential mediation model
Authors: Dr. Shazia Faiz  , Um-e-Rubbab  , Um-e-Rubbab
Published: December 2021

Even though growing importance has been given to work-family conflict and deviant workplace behavior, the link between employees’ feelings of work-family conflict and deviant workplace behavior is still missing. To explain this mechanism the study examines sequential mediation through stress and burnout.It’sa time lag study; data were collected through self- reported questionnaires. For a sample of 147nurses at government hospitals in Pakistan structural equation modeling was conducted.The results revealed strong support for the hypothesized relationships. The findings indicate work-family conflict indirectly but positively associated with deviant workplace behavior, sequentially mediated first through stress and then burnout.The study connects the dots, four main workplace attitudes as variables of action, reaction, outcome, and consequence,and figures out how this mechanism works and WFC leads to burnout.Limitations of the study along with the future research directions are also discussed.
TAX ON FREE TIME
Authors: Konsek-Ciechońska Justyna
Published: December 2021

Tax constitutes one of economic tools of the policy of the state that makes it possible to affect the form of socio-economic relations between the state and the taxpayers. According to many scientists, proper functioning of the entire state and its institutions depends on effective collection of incomes, vast majority of which, approx. 80-90% is constituted by tax incomes48. Demand of the state for financial resources, especially within last decades has been constantly growing. Meanwhile, 100 years ago, J. Schumpeter already stated that high level of fiscalism adversely affects the growth of economy, and exceeding the boundaries of fiscal capabilities of the state may lead to a deep crisis49.However, from the point of view of achieving the fiscal and non-fiscal goals efficiently, the most important issue of the tax policy should be to burden the citizens with public tributes in an even and moderate manner. There is no doubt that it is difficult to determine the most optimal form of tax system, both in fiscal and non-fiscal aspect. It is not an easy task to balance, in the tax system, the goal of efficiency and justice of taxation, in simultaneous consideration of its social and economic size. Each system that would efficiently and rationally affect the economy and society of particular state must be based on particular principles in order to properly fulfill its functions, including social functions.Free time constitutes specific goods, as on one hand it is a substitute with respect to other goods when the individual makes a decision related to dividing the budget between free time and work. More free time is less time dedicated to work, which leads to less income and consumption. On the other side, when the decision related to structure of free time and work is made, free time becomes complementary with respect to goods that are consumed, since it is difficult to consume anything without free time. What would happen if the state imposed lump sum, income and consumption tax on free time as well?The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of taxation of free time and to present the manner in which lump sum, income and consumption tax affect the social welfare. The research method that was used in the paper is literature studies and sources of the tax law in force.
ANALYSIS OF THE PREMIUM TREND IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN KOSOVO 2013 - 2017
Authors: Berisha Sokol
Published: December 2021

Kosovo continues to be one of the countries with the most undeveloped economy in the region and with negative measuring indicators of the economic development, high unemployment, a deep negative commercial balance, and non-favorable macro economical politics to guarantee a faster development trend, although it has marked a positive economical increase in recent years but too insufficient to weaken poverty and decrease the unemployment rate. The insurance sector participates with only 3% in the Kosovo financial sector, except for its very symbolic participation, this industry is characterized by a very low degree of development and the main motive is to analyze the very slow trend of industry development, to identify the causes and factors that have influenced this segment to be so underdeveloped and of a very symbolic weight in the Kosovo economy.The purpose of this paper is to explain the trend of insurance premiums on insurance industry in Kosovo, effect of foreign investments in this sector, also the positive implications in the competition in this market. The purpose of a study can be classified into two major categories; descriptive and explanatory.For our case study, I have collected primary data by conducting closed interviews. I have interviewed 10 senior risk underwriter managers from all companies present in the insurance industry in Kosovo. Methodology and data collection for our research paper it is based on case study method, analyzing trend of premiums through case study, we have collected also secondary data or archival records from Central Bank Kosovo from specific documents: official yearly annual reports, annual financial stability reports. This is based on the reasoning that this data archive consists of official information collected, processed and published by the central bank of Kosovo as the oversight body of the financial system in Kosovo. Other source of secondary data used it is annual reports published on websites of the Insurance Companies.In this paper I focused specifically on inquiring about the level of development of the insurance industry in Kosovo. I have also specifically explored and presented strategic orientation and detailed activities through which the premium structure in Kosovo could be changed in favor of voluntary insurance. Also another very important goal is the susceptibility of the relevant decision maker factors and the whole readers that the results of this analysis relevant findings to influence in order to sensitize the decision maker and readers for the situation and for the need of focus that this segment should be developed because it is one of the most important segments in the economies of developed countries or for an undeveloped country and economy that aims a strategic objective for a faster development.
ANALISYS OF WINE-PRODUCING ENTERPRISE’S FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH INDICATORS OF THE CAPITAL’S COMMON STRUCTURE
Authors: Yordanova – Dinova Petya
Published: December 2021

The complexity of the specific category “financial sustainability” is manifested most of all in the viewpoints of her determination and measurement. In the financial analysis’s theory and practice, priority is given to financial sustainability’s ratio method. He is based on calculation of different relations, characterizing the capital’s structure, derived from information originating from accounting, namely – the balance sheet. Financial sustainability is determined from the structure of the capital’s sources and asset’s financing. The availability of sufficient financial resources and their efficiency is used to define enterprise’s financial stability. This is why indicators of the capital’s common structure are of fundamental importance for the financial sustainability’s evaluation. Different methods and approaches exist regarding financial sustainability’s evaluation. In the current paper is used the ratio method. The ratio method for financial sustainability’s evaluation of the enterprises has number of advantages: he is informationally backed up, because enterprise’s accounting information is publicly accessible, he is easily applied and the received information is interpreted without difficulty for comparative analysis.
CONTRIBUTION OF TRANSPORT SERVICES TO BULGARIA'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zaharieva Galina , Sarkisyan-Dikova Karina , Lyubenov Zdravko
Published: December 2021

Transport is considered one of the key sectors in terms of economic development. The quality of transport services and transport infrastructure is essential for the growth of the economy, the regular production operations in other sectors of the economy, and the satisfaction of people’s needs. As a full member of the European Union (EU), Bulgaria is committed to adopt and implement all of its internal policies and regulations, including those in the field of transport. Over the last two decades, the Community's efforts have been directed at building a well-functioning single European transport area, a transport system that is competitive and at the same time satisfies the contemporary social and environmental requirements. Therefore, a number of legislative changes concerning all modes of transport (rail, air, road and water) have been made. They all have a certain effect for the sector on a pan-European and national scale as well as for its contribution to economic development.The main objective of this paper is to analyze the contribution of transport services to the economic development of Bulgaria. The analysis is based on statistical data from various sources, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, Eurostat and the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. These statistics include the number of persons employed in the sector, the national GDP level, and the volumes of export and import of goods and services. The analysis covers the period 2005-2017, which includes years from Bulgaria’s pre-accession and post-accession period.The results from the analysis show that transport services are a substantial part of the services sector in the country. During the investigated period the actual volumes of both exports and imports of transport services are increasing, while in relative terms the trend is different. A substantial part of the employed persons In Bulgaria are engaged in the sector of transport services – in 2017 they were 210.6 thousand, or 6.7% of all employed persons. Comparatively, according to data from Eurostat, this sector in the European Union provided employment for about 11 million people in 2016, which is more than 5% of the total employment in the Union. The paper also discusses the European regulations concerning the transport sector and the benefits from its development.
EFFECT AND IMPORTANCE OF CREDIT FLOWS FROM MONETARY POLICY MANAGEMENT ASPECT
Authors: Vidović Nikola , Dželetović Milenko , Beriša Hatidža
Published: December 2021

The paper focuses on a topic that explains the impact of credit flows on the conduct of monetary policy, as well as their impact on economic activities within national economies in certain countries in the world. Function and importance for the banking sector, as well as for all economic entities, which are categorized by company size, and the impact on the performance and realization of business activities.By comparing similarities and differences, there is a clear distinction between the basic banking channel of credit and the credit channel in the wider sense, as well as their degree of operation in the period before, during, and after the global economic crisis. The paper highlights the positive effects, as well as the negative, ie how their implementation affects the actors of a country's economic system and what are the consequences with a focus on demand, personal consumption, inflation and employment. The problems of adequate application of the model in periods of recession, as well as the degree of representation in developed countries, moderately developed, and countries in the transition period are studied.
THE ALBANIAN ECONOMY IN THE STOCK MARKET PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Lamaj Bajram , Simeonov Stefan
Published: December 2021

Since the origin of the capitalist economic system, Albania suffers from a shrinking financial system. The financial system lacks what is perhaps the most important and dynamic part in developed economies: a capital market. It is an important element for the country's economic and financial development, as it is a very competitive alternative to the banking sector, reducing intermediation costs for businesses and all economic operators by enabling cheaper alternatives to fund the activity. Today, the banking system has almost exhausted opportunities to be a business financing promoter. And this is the stage where the Albanian economy has come to. Businesses cannot meet all the financing needs of the banking system, while on the other hand, there are individuals who, at the moment, have little choice of investment of their savings. Interest rates, both for bank deposits and government securities, have already reached an extremely low level and are not at all attractive for individual investors, which makes them look for far more attractive investment alternatives. In this way the scholarship will bring an alternative that individuals can invest savings in shares or other securities of companies that will be interested in trading in Albania thus developing the capital market and taking advantage of all the economic benefits that it brings. In this paper, we will firstly address the concept of the capital market and the elements that shape it as well as its development in Albania. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the problems faced by Tirana's former scholarship, to study the situation and the current opportunities of the Albanian economy to develop this structure of the capital market, namely the stock exchange, and to create a stock index model with which Albania can develop this structure and why not be represented in the regional and international markets.
THE POLAK’S MONETARY MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION ON MACEDONIAN CASE
Authors: Gockov Gjorgji
Published: December 2021

Macroeconomic stability is very important for each economy because it constitutes the basis of sustainable economic growth and development. It means stable prices with a low level of inflation (internal stability), a stable foreign exchange rate, a relatively low and sustainable current account deficit in the balance of payments and a solvent position in the external indebtedness of the economy (external stability). International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides financial support to countries that have problems with internal and external stability. The IMF approach to macroeconomic stabilization is based on a so-called “monetary approach” to the balance of payments. The first IMF model designed for dealing with balance of payments disequilibrium was the Polak’s model on monetary programming. Its purpose is to integrate monetary, income and balance of payments analysis, and it represents the basis of the conditionality applied to IMF’s credit arrangements. This model investigates and determines the effect on income and balance of payments arising from the two important variables in the economy: (1) changes in domestic bank credits, and (2) changes in exports of goods and services. In other words, the model indicates what macroeconomics policies are required to achieve a given set of outcomes i.e. it determines policy targets consistent with explicit macroeconomic objectives. It consists of a set of four equations and contains two behavioral relationships: the demand for money function and the function of the demand for imports, and two identities: for the money supply and for the balance of payments. As such, Polak's monetary model extends classical quantitative money theory to the example of an open economy. Republic of North Macedonia, as a developing country that is remarkably open to the world (large share of export and import of goods and services in GDP) and with close cooperation with the IMF, the application of so-called financial programming based on Polak’s monetary model is of special importance. Based on the theoretical elaboration of the equations contained in the Polak’s monetary model, the paper attempts for its application to the case of Republic of North Macedonia and tries to determine and quantify the dependence of the changes in net foreign assets (foreign reserves) and gross domestic product (GDP) from the changes in domestic credits of the Macedonian banking sector. For that purpose, the data on gross domestic product (GDP), money supply (M4) and exports of goods and services for the period 2003-2018 were used from the State statistical office and National bank of the Republic of North Macedonia. By calculating the values of income velocity of money and propensity to import, the interdependence of domestic credits with gross domestic product and net foreign assets of the banking sector is calculated and analyzed.
PUBLIC INVESTMENTS INCENTIVE FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH - CASE STUDY OF REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Miftari Florije , Ziberi Besime
Published: December 2021

The basic function of public finances is economic stability that implies the use of public finance instruments in order to stabilize economic cycles to achieve full employment, overall price stability, achieving an adequate rate of economic growth, a stable rate economic development.Governments to contribute to economic balances, job creation, and productivity growth tend to boost productive public spending by undertaking long-term activities in the sphere of public investment, namely public, health and education infrastructure, as well as in the sphere of research and development. Both theoretical and empirical studies conclude that public investment impacts on economic growth, represent an instrument of low growth, but their increasing effect is influenced by various factors such as economic circumstances, level of development the quality of governance, the efficient management of investment projects, the sectors in which it is invested, the capital fund, etc.The purpose of this paper is to research the short-term and long-term effects of public investments in the Republic of Northe Macedonia in economic growth. The analysis takes into account the data on the structure of public investment, gross domestic product for the time period 2008-2017. Using the multiple regression analysis OLS, we conclude that in the long run the impact of public investment on economic growth is symbolic given that a very small percentage of public expenditures for public infrastructure investments although Macedonia is characterized by a low capital public fund.
DETERMINANTS OF LIFE EXPECTANCY: ANALYSIS OF SOUTHEASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Trpkova-Nestorovska Marija , Levkov Nikola
Published: December 2021

Political, social or economic factors can significantly influence the life expectancy at birth. This is important since life expectancy is an indicator of both the quality of life and one country’s development. Governments should create strategies in order to improve the quality of life, nevertheless, they should first know the main factors that determine it. Consequently, the main purpose of this analysis is to identify the key determinants of life expectancy at birth by using the cointegrated panel regression model for twelve Southeastern European countries. The research includes annual data for period 2000-2015, for twelve countries. The countries included in this analysis are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey. Kosovo and Montenegro are not included in the analysis due to the insufficient data for the observed period. The total number of observations is 192. The analysis examines the possible statistically significant impact that the six explanatory variables (consumer price index, employment, food production index, gross national income per capita, health expenditure per capita and immunization) may have on the life expectancy. Before the regression model is estimated, variables are tested for stationarity and cointegration. The results from the cointegrated panel regression confirm that the consumer price index, employment and gross national income per capita are statistically significant determinants that influence the life expectancy at birth in the Southeastern European countries. Consumer price index has positive impact of the life expectancy, as the life expectancy continues to increase, the demand for food also increases and so does its prices. Employment to population ratio has negative and statistically significant impact, where decline in employment is mostly due to the emigration of the active work force. While the employment rate is declining, the life expectancy, partly due to the other factors, is constantly increasing, thus the negative dependence. Gross national income has positive and statistically significant effect on the life expectancy. The result is in accordance with the expectations because greater the gross national impact per capita means better standard of living with quality housing, education, health providers, quality food. Solid economy is precondition for improvement of life expectancy and thus quality of living. Having economic factors as key determinants of life expectancy is important input while creating government policies and measures that could contribute to better quality of living.
VARIANTS OF STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR TO START AND DEVELOP UN ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESS
Authors: Panteleeva Iskra
Published: December 2021

The achievement of macroeconomic performance and sustainable growth depends to a large extent on the sectoral structure of business entities and the additional ability of national companies to realize value added by forming and maintaining robust start-ups based on entrepreneurial ideas and personal initiative. To do this, not only is there a combination of specific attitudes, intentions, knowledge and skills, good ideas and willingness to transform into a working business, but also a professional insight into the various possibilities for realizing these processes. The strategic approach and the long-term vision for business require a good understanding of the options for starting an entrepreneurial initiative, ways of its development, sources of income, benefits and successes. For these reasons, potential entrepreneurs should explore, analyze, evaluate and choose among the most variants of strategic behavior the most appropriate one, i.e. to choose an entrepreneurial strategy that is adequate to its situation and capabilities. On this basis, the research object is the entrepreneurial strategies and the subject - the variety of variants of strategic behavior and the general framework for following a certain process approach in choosing a specific entrepreneurial strategy. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of opportunities and the need to take into account the specific business start-up options on a different criteria basis for classifying entrepreneurial strategies, taking into account the many risks and the highly dynamic and highly competitive environment in which the idea arises, the attitudes and intentions are formed, takes the vision, prepares and develops the strategy, starts and develops the entrepreneurial business. Emphasis is placed on the need for an entrepreneurial benchmark to continue to maintain adequate product structure, innovative features and social utility based on good corporate image, appropriate PR, satisfaction and future market expectations of utility, quality, cost and convenience of receiving/using/renovating/buying. The achievement of all these goals/results should be based on good close professional training, managerial competencies and responsible attitude towards business, partners, staff, family, local community and supportive institutions, as the most significant of all stakeholders. Reporting and compliance with information overloading of the environment or the lack of sufficiently verified information on market trends, direct competitors, key customers and national policy helps to gain additional benefits.
SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP OR THE HARD PATH TO SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Deneva Aneta
Published: December 2021

There is always a definite point in the life path of every person when he starts asking a number of questions about his being, skills and desires. Very often just then the desire for cardinal changes appears, for escaping from the familiar and routine. It is this moment of truth when we give a clear account of who we are, where we are, what we have achieved and want to continue in the same way. Starting an entrepreneurial activity then is a serious bet for its success. The prerequisites for such success are the existence of a clearly conscious purpose and willingness, unrelenting and accurate assessment of opportunities and capabilities, and most of all determination and will to break the status quo.The perception of the vast majority of people for a successful entrepreneurial activity is related to the receipt of big profits. For the entrepreneur, however, things can be quite different. Here we intervene and the desire to prove ourselves, to increase the social status, to address new challenges, etc., which we usually summarized call success. The vast majority of society perceives the entrepreneurial success rather negatively. The main importance of the gains achieved and the external characteristics of a higher standard of living. Much more background and very rarely noticeable are the enormous efforts made by entrepreneurs in realising their ideas, their great responsibility not only for those working in their own enterprises, but also in terms of their families and Society as a whole.Success and failure go hand in hand. Failure, failure and fear of them are part of the daily life of the entrepreneur. Successful entrepreneur is not the one who tries to avoid in one way or another the failures, and the one who is taught by his faults and failures, is able to accept them with dignity, to learn from them, not to allow them again, and has the power to stand up and move on.Every new business is a new beginning, hiding a multitude of uncertainties and pitfalls, placing many questions and trials. The important thing is to possess the courage and courage to try despite the fears and dangers, as long as the risk of this attempt is judged correctly. Not in vain in the past have seen entrepreneurs such as gambling personalities, adventurers, etc., and today they are the ones who carry the new, create the unknown and discover opportunities where for others they are lacking.
SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNIQUES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR THE FIRST CLASS OF PUBLICATIONS "PROSVETA", SOFIA and "PROSVETA PLUS", SOFIA
Authors: Georgieva Sladuna , Mitova Diana
Published: December 2021

This article presents results of a SWOT analysis of an educational package / textbooks, teaching aids and notebooks / on technologies and entrepreneurship in the initial educational degree of two Bulgarian publishers. Emphasis is placed on the curriculum content, the accessibility requirements and the science, in line with learners' educational needs. The diversity of educational approaches used and didactic technologies to achieve optimal educational outcomes is taken into account. The law on pre-school and school education creates new, exceptional opportunities for more flexible, creative and independent planning and organization of the process of technology education in primary school age. The curricula of the subject Technology and Entrepreneurship are aimed at building the technological literacy and competence of the students, as an essential element of their general culture and general education. The Ministry of Education and Science determines not only a new name, but also important priorities in curriculum content, time allocation, and technology for learning two key competencies. Along with the requirements for acquiring basic knowledge, skills and relationships oriented towards the world of technology and technology, goals are set with regard to the contemporary economic life, education in initiative, entrepreneurship and responsibility (Ordinance № 5 of 30.11.2015 on general education preparation (Promulgated in the State Gazette, issue 95 of 08.12.2015). At the same time, the Law on Pre-school and School Education creates new, exceptional opportunities for more flexible, creative and independent planning and organization of the learning process. Teachers can freely construct and realize their vision for more effective teaching and learning to cover the expected results at the curriculum level. Emphasis is placed on positive attitude to work, to modern technology and technology. It is very clear that the traditional tradition of training, the new concepts are being introduced on a practical basis and provide an initial level of technological and economic literacy as a basis for building an entrepreneurial culture. There are also conditions for a wide variety of textbooks, methodologies and treks that seek to showcase different didactic technologies to achieve these results. This is a prerequisite for diversity in teaching and learning that each school and teacher can accomplish. They are seen as an essential element of general education. Thus, the European education policy is implemented and all eight key competences are equal (National Strategy for Lifelong Learning 2014-2020 Sofia: MES, 2014). State educational standards and curriculum on the subject are a new challenge for primary teachers and specialists. The learning process is oriented not so much to the final results of the practical work as to the processes and the technology for their achievement.
INNOVATIVE PROFILE OF ORGANIZATION
Authors: Bichurova Iva
Published: December 2021

The goal of each innovation strategy reflects the goals of the overall strategy and shows the directions of innovation activity - products, processes, markets or combinations. Сoncretization is needed, for example in the field of processes, technological specialization, the priority of existing or new technologies, the priority of production technology, logistics, sales or service. Building a profile chart of the innovation potential of the organization and comparing it with a major competitor can serve as a way to improve corporate innovation. The еvaluation of the indicators in it is done in a relative ball scale, usually five degrees. Among the main features that determine the innovation potential are strategic management, corporate culture and organization, the company's availability of resources, the company's availability of information. Traditional approaches yield the comparability of indicators that are defined in a way that can be related to the intensity of the innovation process. The annual budget for research and investigations, the number of patents, the number of innovative projects over a given period of time, the number of new funds, the number of products invested in production in the last three years or the volume of sales of new products .Also, possible areas of innovation activity are determined by the use of firm strengths and the favorable opportunities of the external environment. The assessment of the company situation and position through the popular SWOT analysis method covers the four situation variables - internal strengths and weaknesses of the company, external opportunities and threats to their characteristics. On this basis a situation analysis of a hypothetical firm is presented. Because the possible Product - Market - Technology combinations are many, they are limited by exploring the specific business opportunities and rules in the industry.
SUCCESSFUL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY STRATEGY
Authors: Borissov Borislav , Cucoviċ Anita
Published: December 2021

The goal of my research is a sustainable development that is perfectly designed and defined as an idea, but in its implementation we encounter difficulties, depending on the demographic picture of the country, political organization, cultural differences, etc. However, in order for sustainable development to take place on the "right path" in all segments of our society, we need a strategy, but even if it were, the question arises: "In a world that relies on money as the main indicator of everything, Sustainable development or the natural resources that we need to leave to future generations have any chance of existence ? " In this sense, sustainable development is a harmonious relationship of environmental protection, economics and social development in order to preserve the resources of our planets for future growth. This is the general direction to create a better world for future generations by trying to balance the social, economic and environmental factors of the environment. The application of this concept varies depending on the branch in which the company is located, from the characteristics of the complete national environment in which the company operates. Because the economies of each country have emerged as a result of different historical and socio-economic factors, the institutional framework is different from country to country in the European Union.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN EUROPE
Authors: Alili Sulejmani Liza , Alili Afrim
Published: December 2021

This paper tries to analyze the effects of institutional factors that affect FDI on developing economies in Europe by utilizing dynamic panel methodology, having into consideration the persistence of the endogeneity issues. Moreover, four institutional factors have been determined affecting the FDI in 15 developing European countries, analyzed for the time period 2004 – 2016.In addition, empirical results show that Control of Corruption; Political Stability, and Doing Business, have significant effect on attracting FDI on these transition countries, while Rule of Law has shown to be insignificant in attracting FDI flows in these countries.Further, such findings will contribute to the existing literature by using these institutional measures to value their impact on FDI attractiveness on European developing economies.
THE REFORMS IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION AT THE PERIOD 2004-2014
Authors: Poshka Agim
Published: December 2021

The system of education must ensure an ongoing reform and development and this paper aims to analyze these changes after the Ohrid Framework agreement. Although this document was a political agreement it impacted the organization in the system of education largely. In the first part the paper analyzes the need for decentralization of power in the country for the sake of being closer to local communities and also improving services in this regard. The changes were presented in two levels. The first level was an organizational redesign of the service in regard to number of schools in the country. In order to better manage the process, the Ministry of Education established two units: the legal unit and the analytical unit. The urgent challenge for the development of this process has to do with the fact that only in its primary education Macedonia had about 340 primary schools that function as special legal units and therefore the centralized management created the “Black Box” effect according to which only educational units or school heads close to the Ministry of Education could gain privileges or adequate support. A significant legal step was that the decentralization process which did not recognize only the direct delegation of competences from the central to local government, but engaged the school councils, parents council as well as a third party in the process of decision making in the local schools. These decision-making bodies could have a say in the design of the school budgets as well as the selection of the school principals in cooperation with the mayors of the towns. How this was implemented could be a different topic for discussion in another occasion, however, this paper aims to identify key reforms in the educational process in the period of 2004 – 2014. The analyses will include a number of laws before the 2004 period that have impacted the process. It started legal reforms in 2002 with the adoption of the law on self-government and associated with the Law on Financing the Local Self-government in 2004, and a number of amendments on the Law on primary and secondary education in 2004 again.
STRATEGICAL APPROACH ON TALENT MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Stoyanova Tsvetana , Stoyanov Philip
Published: December 2021

In today's business, the management focus is shifting from financial capital and technology to human resources, which requires developing new competencies in HR managers. Finding, developing and retaining valuable employees, and integrating these activities into a focused company strategy and policy, is key to achieving the business goals and success of the company.Numerous studies and publications on this topic show how successful companies not only follow but also improve procedures and norms in human capital management, In today's world, those organizations that themselves, as commodities, are the most attractive in the labor market; organizations that do their best to attract, help develop and retain the best talent at all levels of the management hierarchy.Organizations are now focused on a new set of strategic issues:- How to make the recruitment process more efficient and effective, based on competence ("competency based") rather than sorting CVs;- How to develop managers and leaders, strengthen culture, establish values, and create a sustainable leadership development system;- How to quickly identify gaps in key competences in order to provide training, e-learning or development programs to fill these gaps? How to use these gaps to hire just the right people;- How to manage people in a consistent and measurable manner so that everyone is held accountable and motivated in accordance with their performance;- How to identify high scores and successors of key positions in the organization;- How to choose training that is adequate, flexible, timely and convenient?Solving these challenging issues requires creating new processes and systems. They require close integration between the different HR functions and direct integration into business management processes. It is precisely the study of these challenges that is the purpose of this article.
EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL TRAINING FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: Nikolic Sanja , Blazhevski Ivan
Published: December 2021

We live in a time that is measured in seconds. Time for decision making almost does not exist as a category - everything is happening now and right away. Adaptation capacity becomes necessary for survival in a dynamic environment. For success it takes something more.In the era of knowledge, the organization doesn’t have an alternative solution, other than the development and application of the concept of knowledge management. Some studies in the developed economies show that today's organizations are increasingly investing in intangible property - research and development, employee education, etc., comparing to investments in tangible property. The main reason for increasing the importance of intangible property is that the new value in the organization is created with the knowledge, not with the material resources and routine work. Intellectual capital constitutes of the knowledge of employees - human resources. From the knowledge of employees, their skills and abilities depend on how the organization works, ie from the intellectual capital depends on the organization's competitive advantage.The pressure on the free market and competition imposes the need of organizations to demand from their employees specific knowledge, skills and abilities to achieve the set goals. What an organization can do to have competitive employees that will be up to date with current developments in the environment is continuous learning through employee training.Training is a process of acquiring the qualifications required to perform certain tasks. Not always held training achieves its goal, especially when it comes to training for "soft" skills. In organizations, the training would be done well, the evaluations would be excellent, but at a certain time, there would be no change in the behavior of the employees who were trained.In order for the training to achieve the goals and be effective, ie. after the completion of the training the employees apply the acquired knowledge and skills, it is necessary for the (knowledge) managers to be actively involved in the processes before and after the training. Above all, proper planning and preparation for the training is necessary. This process involves determining the need for the training (knowledge gaps), setting the objectives of the training, and a preparation for the target group - the participants who would be trained. After the completion of the training, it is necessary to take the follow up activities, to monitor the application of the new knowledge in the organizational work. These follow up activities can be particularly useful in supporting the transfer: action plans, performance assessment, meetings, oversight consultations, and technical support.
THE CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION AND MANAGER'S APPROACH TOWARDS IT
Authors: Ismaili Diturije , Tushi Bardhyl
Published: December 2021

In the current state of play concerning economic development towards the success of the enterprise, decisive factors are the employers with high potential and dedication to the enterprise. To achieve this goal, to a large extent affects the compilation of a motivational platform that will serve as a stimulating structure of human resources at the enterprise. The motivation concept besides achieving the goals of the employer, should also be combined with a balance between work and life (work-life-balance). Motivation can include one or more goals, such as preserving and increasing the commitment of actual workers, their strengthening links with the existing enterprise and higher commitment to new workers. The motivation plan should have a timetable and a planned cost. The purpose of a motivation system that should be part of the management concept, that will increase job satisfaction and which would result in motivation of workers and all this should encompass assessment system with the aim of developing the systematic motivation.The paper contains a brief summary of the motivational issues and will focus on the applicable aspects of employees’ motivation at targeted enterprises. Moreover, the main purpose of the paper is to analyse the current state of the managers motivational concept and their assessment on the impact of motivational instruments on human resources management. To prepare this paper, human resource management literature was studied, with special emphasis on motivation. Empirical research was conducted through surveys during last year’s period involving enterprises that have more than eight employees in the surroundings Municipality of Gostivar.
THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER IN THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Ashtalkoska Irena , Ashtalkoski Savo , Nikolovska Belanek Rozeta
Published: December 2021

The development of human resources that finds an important practical application in enterprises from the developed world, account facts which refer to the conclusion that satisfaction of employee can greatly contribute to increasing productivity in enterprises and in states from whole world.Today, businesses are facing major challenges, resulting from rapid changes in technology, organizations and the overall business environment. These challenges include a number of aspects, such as economic, legal and regulatory issues, environmental and ethical dilemmas. That is exactly what imposes the need for effective leadership to lead the organization forward. Leadership is an influence on the behavior of others, so the leader directs employees towards the pursuit of goals. Here you can see the role of the leader, which is his help and support in dealing with the employee turnover in the organization.The purpose of this paper is not only highlighting the importance of the problem, but offering more adequate ways to manage employee turnover and developing the capacity of organizations for their long-term development.
THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP ON THE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT MODERN COMPANIES IN KOSOVO
Authors: Cucoviċ Anita
Published: December 2021

There is no doubt that great competitiveness among companies makes it clear that without rapid and radical changes, Kosovo will not be able to deal with competition in the environment, both broader and immediate. Success in the new world economy will depend on good leadership at all levels, from companies to the state.The leader is the one who successfully leads the change of the organization in order to create a flexible and efficient company capable of quickly and successfully facing the challenges of the external and internal environment and optimally utilize its resources. Such a leader model is necessary for Kosovo in all sectors, i.e. public administration and provides guidelines for how to successfully manage social change in a turbulent environment.Value in the knowledge economy is not generated by the quantity of manufactured products, but by the quality generated by knowledge workers. All of these changes dramatically changed the nature of value creation. It's no longer possible to think about a product as a physical manifestation of value.Industries such as power distribution, telecommunications, computers, software, i.e. high-tech industries have almost doubled their product share over the past twenty years, while knowledge-based services have grown faster and faster.In many companies, knowledge and its personality, intellectual capital, are not directly reflected in the financial statements, and consequently there is insufficient attention in managing those resources. Such companies still calculate their success or failure on old principles, while letting intellectual capital remain unused.