bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BEFORE AND AFTER BONDS PT STTP TBK PERIOD 2011-2017
Authors: Sibarani Ariadne Vaniessa , Hutapea Ganda T
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance before and after the bonds at PT STTP Tbk for the period 2011-2017 and to find out the existence of a bond issuance policy to minimize the WACC so as to increase the Valeur de l'entreprise. The financial performance of PT STTP Tbk in the period 2011-2017 concluded that a healthy and good company â€˜cause the results of financial ratio analysis are ratio de liquiditÃ©, ratio d'endettement, activity ratios, profitability ratios and the results of an analysis of market value added are positive and increasing. The use of capital, namely by issuing bonds at PT STTP Tbk in March 2014 was optimal because it was able to minimize the WACC so as to increase the Valeur de l'entreprise. Keyword: current ratio, quick ratio, debt to assets ratio, debt to equity ratio, total assets turnover, inventory turnover,GPM, NPM, OPM, market value added, weighted of average cost of capital, corporate value.
The Analysis of Training Factors and Motivational Factors to improve the Performance of Employees of PT. Bank Victoria
Authors: Novita Yohana , Tobing Suzanna Josephine L. , Tampubolon Emma
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze (1) whether there was a relationship between training factors and the performance of employees of PT. Bank Victoria International Tbk (2) is there a relationship between motivational factors and the performance of employees of PT. Bank Victoria.
          The next results in this study are (1) there is a relationship between training factors and the performance of employees of PT. Bank Victoria. This is indicated by the significance value smaller than 0.05 is (0,000) <(0.005). With Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.481. (2) there is a relationship between motivational factors and the performance of employees of PT. Bank Victoria. This is indicated by the significance value smaller than 0.05 is (0,000) < (0.005). With Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.453.
 Keyword : training factors, motivation factors, employee performance
The THE EFFECT OF THE ROLE OF HUMORS IN ADVERTISING AND ATTRACTION OF ADVERTISING MODELS ON INTEREST TO BUY CONSUMERS
Authors: Ramadhayanti Ana
Published: June 2024

The products displayed in advertisements are products that have been designed by advertising companies both in terms of the attractiveness of the role of the model and the presentation of advertisements that commonly use the role of humor in advertising. The role of humor consists of words presented in advertisements, behaviors and communication styles. With the role of humor and the attractiveness of advertising models can attract consumer buying interest. However, to find out and prove it real, further research must be done. This research method uses research descriptive quantitative method by collecting data by distributing questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Role of Humor in Advertising affects the Purchase Interest, while Attractiveness influences buying interest.
Keywords: Role of Humor, Attractiveness, Ad Model, Buying Interest
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANY CONNECTION, POLITICAL LEVERAGE AND SIZE RELATIONS ON TAX AVOIDANCE (In AgriculturallSector Companies Listedlon the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2018 Period)
Authors: Tiberias Eodia , Hutadjulu Fharel , Florencia Carolina
Published: June 2024

Tax revenue playsIan important role in running the government becauseiit provides the largesticontributionito state revenue. Companies often take steps to reduce their tax burden. One of the actions taken is tax evasion. This research was conducted to analyze theieffect of politicaliconnection, leverage and company size on tax avoidance. The population in this study were agricultural sector companiesilisted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. Data obtained from published annual financial reports. The sampling technique was purposive sampling method which resulted in 57 samples from 19 companies for 3 years of observation in 2016-2018. The researchidata was collected by means of observational study and literature study methods. Theianalytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results in this study indicate that Political Connection has a significant negative effect on Tax Avoidance, Leverage has no significant effect on Tax Avoidance and Company size has a significant effection Tax Avoidance.
Keywords: Political Connections, Leverage, Size, Tax Avoidance
RHETORICAL STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATIONS AT THE ASEAN FEDERATION OF ACCOUNTANTS (AFA) CONFERENCE
Authors: FAUZANNA Wulan , CHOW Ung T'Chiang , HASHIM Azirah
Published: June 2024

Members of the ASEAN accountant community are required to participate in the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Programme as part of the lifelong learning program for accountants. One of the activities of the CPD Program is to carry out a conference presentation (CP), whereby presenters discuss issues and offer solutions in accountancy organisations and professional development in the region. This study examined the move structure of the CP presented by professionals who contribute to the development of accounting services, the accountancy profession, and the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The data consist of 13 conference presentations collected from the ASEAN Federation of Accountants (AFA) conference. The presenters are non-native speakers representing organisations that provide accounting services in the ASEAN region. Data were audio recorded and then transcribed. The findings showed that the presentations contain a structure that discusses the organisation's concerns and solutions for accountancy issues. It includes presenting the background of the study, the need for the proposed solution, describing the solutions, and evaluating the results. This study provides insight into the move structure of a conference presentation in a CPD program. It highlights the professional competence and professional practice of a disciplinary-based CP by accountants in the ASEAN region.
METADISCOURSE IN THE DIGITAL ACADEMIC POSTER: EXAMINING THE TEXTUAL AND VISUAL METADISCOURSE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERSUASION
Authors: MOHAMAD Nor Atifah , AZIZ Ameiruel Azwan Ab , RAZALI Nazarul Azali , JUNED Amirah Mohd , ABDULLAH Normah
Published: June 2024

The demand for 21st-century skills has transformed the education landscape, altering how we teach, learn, and assess, integrating digital platforms into these processes. This study analyses the use of metadiscourse devices in digital academic posters, with the primary objective of identifying both textual and visual metadiscourse devices employed in academic posters to construct persuasive messages. A corpus of 10 academic posters was extracted from virtual academic presentations by diploma students and analysed with a mixed-method research approach. Metadiscourse elements were analysed quantitatively to investigate the presence of visual metadiscourse. Drawing from Hyland's (2006) model of metadiscourse and Kumpf's (2000) visual metadiscourse, this study compared the use of these two distinct elements in academic posters and their combined effect on persuasion. The results revealed that interactive resources were more frequently used than interactional resources. Additionally, students frequently employed visual metadiscourse to enhance persuasiveness, albeit at varying levels of frequency and effectiveness. This study highlights the importance of incorporating both textual and visual metadiscourse knowledge into academic curricula for effective organisation, engagement, and persuasion of readers.
EFL LECTURERS’ PRACTICE, PERCEPTION, AND EVALUATION OF ENGLISH AS THE MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION IN TERTIARY EDUCATION
Authors: SARAGIH Erikson
Published: June 2024

Higher education institutions in non-English speaking countries, such as Indonesia, have practised English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in teaching-learning activities. Previous studies have explored EMI implementation policies and the difficulties of their implementation in Indonesian higher education contexts. However, this study examined the perception, comprehension, practices, and evaluation of EMI in Indonesia where English functions as a foreign language. The data of this study were taken from questionnaires distributed to 42 English lecturers. The results reveal that most lecturers’ speaking skills are in the very good category, 95% of lecturers understand the EMI concept well and always apply EMI to learning activities. In EMI practice, the lecturers face obstacles, especially in arguing concepts, explaining and clarifying concepts, giving examples, and defining concepts. In addition, the lecturers reported barriers to expressing content materials in English, preparing long materials, and requiring a longer time to explain materials. The study also reported some students' problems in EMI practice, especially dealing with their low confidence in using English and low ability to comprehend materials. To apply EMI successfully, both lecturers and students need to improve their speaking skills in the context of higher education in Indonesia.
THE EFFECT OF TIME VARIATION AND SPEED OF HOT AIR ON THE DRYING PERFORMANCE OF TRAY DRYER TYPE BAGE FISH LPG GAS FUEL
Authors: Heri  , Anggara Mitra
Published: June 2024

The processed production of lemuru fish is used as a typical food of Sumbawa which goes through a drying process. When something is dried, heat is transferred in an inefficient manner due to the uneven distribution of fluid flow from the heating furnace and blower to the drying rack. The purpose of this study is to examine so that the transfer of hot air that is channeled can be evenly distributed on each shelf to dry during drying. This study used independent variables, bound variables and controlled variables using a randomized design (RAL) with 3 experiments. The results showed that the highest drying rate was produced at 180 minutes with an air speed of 2 m / s of 0.64 g / minute. Testing of bage fish moisture content in accordance with the quality standards of dried salted fish (SNI 8273: 2016) occurred in drying treatment with a time of 300 minutes with hot air speeds of 1.5 m / s (38.67%), and 2 m / s (37.89%). The highest drying efficiency was found at 180 minutes with a hot air speed of 2 m/s of 0.703%.
MASS INFLUENCE OF CENTRIFUGAL ROLLER, PULLEY PRIMARY TILT ANGLE AND ROLLER LINE ANGLE TO ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Faiz Muhammad Mi'radj Faiz Muhammad Mi'radj
Published: June 2024

Produsen sepeda motor telah memproduksi sepeda motor matic yang memiliki sistem  transmisi otomatis atau disebut Continuously Variable Transmission(CVT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membandingkan performa mesin yang dihasilkan oleh variasi massa Centrifugal Roller, variasi derajat kemiringan Pulley Primary dan sudut jalur Roller pada kendaraan sepeda motor matic. Objek pada penelitian dilakukan pada kendaraan sepeda motor matic110 cc 4 langkah. Metode dari penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental serta analisis data. Variabel terikatnya adalah performa mesin. Hasil dari penelitian ini penggunaan massa Centrifugal Roller 13gr sudut kemiringan Primary Pulley 13o serta sudut jalur Roller 10o menghasilkan daya terbaik sebesar 7,83 Hp di putaran mesin 6500 Rpm dan torsi terbaik dihasilkan pada massa Centrifugal Roller 12gr sudut kemiringan Primary Pulley 13o serta sudut jalur 15o dengan nilai torsi 24,30 N.m di putaran mesin 6500 Rpm dan konsumsi bahan bakar terbaik pada penggunaan massa Centrifugal Roller 13gr sudut kemiringan Primary Pulley 13o serta sudut jalur Roller 10o dengan nilai 139,84 g/kW.h di putaran mesin 6500 Rpm.
THE EFFECT OF DRIVE PULLEY INCLINATION ANGLE AND RACING SLIDING SHEAVE SPRING ON TORQUE OF 150 CC MATIC MOTORCYCLE
Authors: Hidayatullah Alfian
Published: June 2024

There are many ways to improve the performance of an automatic motorcycle, for example by changing the tilt angle of the drive pulley and using a racing sliding sheave spring. Changing the tilt angle of the drive pulley which is varied with a racing sliding sheave spring is considered to increase the torque and power on the motorcycle so that the resulting performance feels more responsive.
The purpose of this study is to determine the torque of the 2015 150 cc matic motorcycle from the effect of using a variable angle drive pulley tilt with a sliding sheave racing spring. This study uses an experimental method using a drive pulley tilt angle of 13.5 °, 13.8 °, and 14.2 ° varied spring rpm 1000, rpm 1500, rpm 2000.
The use of a 13.5° drive pulley with a 1000 rpm spring produces the highest torque of 44.47 N.m at 2500 rpm. The use of drive pulley 13.8° with spring Rpm 1000 amounted to 44.41 N.m at 1500 Rpm and the use of drive pulley tilt 14.2° with spring Rpm 2000 amounted to 43.57 N.m at 1500 Rpm.
Signifikansi Karakteristik Chief Financial Officer dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Jaswadi  , Ardiansah Dicky Chandra , Luthfiani Anin Dyah
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The Significance of Chief Financial Officer Characteristics in Detecting Financial Statement FraudObjective: This study aims to test the effectiveness of the pentagon fraud theory in detecting fraudulent financial statements with CFO characteristics as a moderating variable.Method: The sample used consisted of 17 fraud companies, which were companies that were subject to OJK sanctions for violations of financial report presentation, and 17 non-fraud companies as a comparison. Data analysis in this study used logistic regression analysis and moderated regression.Results: The results of this study show that statistically the variables financial stability, ineffective monitoring, and auditor switching have a significant effect on the possibility of fraudulent financial statements. In addition, CFO characteristics can increase the relationship between financial stability, ineffective monitoring, changing auditors, changing directors and financial statement fraud.Novelty: This research tests the detection of fraudulent financial reporting by adding CFO characteristics consisting of age, gender, education and auditor tenure as moderating variables which has never been done before.Contribution: This research can be used by investors in making investment decisions and considerations for management in understanding the characteristics of financial report presentation to prevent fraud and increase company value.
Abstrak: Signifikansi Karakteristik Chief Financial Officer dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan Laporan KeuanganTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas teori fraud pentagon dalam mendeteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan dengan karakteristik CFO sebagai variabel moderasi.Metode: Sampel yang digunakan terdiri dari 17 perusahaan fraud yang merupakan perusahaan yang terkena sanksi OJK atas pelanggaran penyajian laporan keuangan, dan 17 perusahaan non-fraud sebagai pembanding. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dan regresi moderating.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik variabel stabilitas keuangan, ineffective monitoring, dan auditor switching berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemungkinan kecurangan laporan keuangan. Selain itu, karakteristik CFO dapat meningkatkan hubungan antara stabilitas keuangan, pemantauan yang tidak efektif, pergantian auditor, pergantian direktur hingga kecurangan laporan keuangan.Kebaruan: Penelitian ini menguji deteksi kecurangan pelaporan keuangan dengan menambahkan karakteristik CFO yang terdiri dari umur, gender, pendidikan, dan tenur auditor sebagai variabel moderasi dimana belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya.Kontribusi: Penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh investor dalam mengambil keputusan berinvestasi dan pertimbangan bagi pihak manajemen dalam memahami karakteristik penyajian laporan keuangan guna mencegah tindakan fraud dan serta meningkatkan nilai perusahaan.
Investigation of The Incidence and Risk Factors of Falls, An Undesirable Incident in Hospitals: A Retrospective Study of Eight Years
Authors: Afşar Doğrusöz Leyla , Polat Şehrinaz , Terzi Banu
Published: June 2024

Objective: Falls are undesirable incidents that must be reported in hospitals. Duration of hospital stay and cost of treatment may increase due to post-fall injuries. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the incidence and risk factors of falls to prevent them. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of falls.
Methods: The retrospective descriptive study was conducted in one of the largest medical faculty hospitals located in the western of Türkiye. The study data of 160,119 cases of falls between 2012 and 2019 were examined retrospectively using a “Socio-demographic Information Form” and “HARIZMI” and “ITAKI” Fall Risk Scales.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between fall rates by year (p < .05). It was detected that the risk of falls in adults was 2.3 times higher than in children (95% CI: 1.86-2.89); the risk of falls in men was 1.2 times higher than in women (95% CI: 1.04-1.43), and the risk of falls in internal medicine units was 4.2 times higher than in surgical units (95% CI: 3.57-5.06).
Conclusion: The falls mostly occurred in internal medicine units. The risk of falls was higher in internal medicine units than in surgical units. The risk of falls was higher in adults than in children and men than in women. Necessary precautions should be taken for adult ve men patients who are at risk of falls. Institutional procedures and flowcharts should be established to rapidly evaluate cases of falls and make the necessary interventions. Warning signs should be placed in the rooms of patients who are at risk of falling.
Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties
Authors: Hemmami Hadia , Ben Amor Ilham , Zeghoud Soumeia , Ben Amor Asma , Laouini Salah Eddine , Alsalme Ali , Cornu David , Bechelany Mikhael , Barhoum Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Chitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin, is known for its remarkable adsorption abilities for dyes, drugs, and fats, and its diverse array of antibacterial characteristics. This study explores the extraction and characterization of chitosan from the mycelium of Amanita phalloides. The moisture content, ash content, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, and degree of deacetylation of the extracted chitosan were determined. The chitosan exhibited a high yield of 70%, crystallinity of 49.07%, a degree of deacetylation of 86%, and potent antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The study also examined the adsorption capabilities of chitosan to remove methylene blue (MB) dye by analysing specific factors like pH, reaction time, and MB concentration using the response surface model. The highest degree of MB dye removal was 91.6% at a pH of 6, a reaction time of around 60 min and an initial dye concentration of 16 ppm. This experimental design can be applied for chitosan adsorption of other organic compounds such as dyes, proteins, drugs, and fats.
A review of measurement for quantification of carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering in soil
Authors: Clarkson Matthew O. , Larkin Christina S. , Swoboda Philipp , Reershemius Tom , Suhrhoff T. Jesper , Maesano Cara N. , Campbell James S.
Published: June 2024

All pathways which limit global temperature rise to <2°C above pre-industrial temperatures now require carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in addition to rapid greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Novel and durable CDR strategies need to rapidly scale over the next few decades in order to reach Paris Agreement Targets. Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) involves the acceleration of natural weathering processes via the deployment of crushed rock feedstocks, typically Ca- and Mg-rich silicates, in soils. While models predict this has the potential to remove multiple gigatonnes of CO2 annually, as an open-system pathway, the measurement (monitoring), reporting, and verification (MRV) of carbon removal and storage is challenging. Here we provide a review of the current literature showing the state-of-play of different methods for monitoring EW. We focus on geochemical characterization of weathering processes at the weathering site itself, acknowledging that the final storage of carbon is largely in the oceans, with potential losses occurring during transfer. There are two main approaches for measuring EW, one focused on solid phase measurements, including exchangeable phases, and the other on the aqueous phase. Additionally, gas phase measurements have been employed to understand CO2 fluxes, but can be dominated by short-term organic carbon cycling. The approaches we review are grounded in established literature from the natural environment, but implementing these approaches for EW CDR quantification has strengths and limitations. The complexity inherent in open-system CDR pathways is navigable through surplus measurement strategies and well-designed experiments, which we highlight are critical in the early stage of the EW CDR industry.
The impact of environmental factors and contaminants on thyroid function and disease from fetal to adult life: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Street Maria E. , Shulhai Anna-Mariia , Petraroli Maddalena , Patianna Viviana , Donini Valentina , Giudice Antonella , Gnocchi Margherita , Masetti Marco , Montani Anna G. , Rotondo Roberta , Bernasconi Sergio , Iughetti Lorenzo , Esposito Susanna M. , Predieri Barbara
Published: June 2024

The thyroid gland regulates most of the physiological processes. Environmental factors, including climate change, pollution, nutritional changes, and exposure to chemicals, have been recognized to impact thyroid function and health. Thyroid disorders and cancer have increased in the last decade, the latter increasing by 1.1% annually, suggesting that environmental contaminants must play a role. This narrative review explores current knowledge on the relationships among environmental factors and thyroid gland anatomy and function, reporting recent data, mechanisms, and gaps through which environmental factors act. Global warming changes thyroid function, and living in both iodine-poor areas and volcanic regions can represent a threat to thyroid function and can favor cancers because of low iodine intake and exposure to heavy metals and radon. Areas with high nitrate and nitrite concentrations in water and soil also negatively affect thyroid function. Air pollution, particularly particulate matter in outdoor air, can worsen thyroid function and can be carcinogenic. Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter thyroid function in many ways, as some chemicals can mimic and/or disrupt thyroid hormone synthesis, release, and action on target tissues, such as bisphenols, phthalates, perchlorate, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. When discussing diet and nutrition, there is recent evidence of microbiome-associated changes, and an elevated consumption of animal fat would be associated with an increased production of thyroid autoantibodies. There is some evidence of negative effects of microplastics. Finally, infectious diseases can significantly affect thyroid function; recently, lessons have been learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Understanding how environmental factors and contaminants influence thyroid function is crucial for developing preventive strategies and policies to guarantee appropriate development and healthy metabolism in the new generations and for preventing thyroid disease and cancer in adults and the elderly. However, there are many gaps in understanding that warrant further research.
Research on distribution–microgrid-coupled network demand response based on a multi-time scale
Authors: Zhang Xianglong , Zhou Chuang , Hua Yibo , Dong Shufeng
Published: June 2024

Under the background of “dual carbon” strategy, the integration of renewable energy adds volatility to the grid. Relying solely on generation-side resources for regulation is inadequate, necessitating a flexible demand response from diverse demandside resources. This paper employs a physical connection and information exchange between the distribution network and microgrids to leverage the advantages of centralized-distributed optimization. This establishes a coordinated demand response model between the distribution network and microgrids, gradually establishing a new type of distribution network that integrates interconnected grids and microgrids. This also necessitates the analysis of the response characteristics of various load resources within microgrids and the categorization and modeling of loads based on their response speeds. Additionally, a method for evaluating the multi-time scale schedulable capacity of microgrids is proposed. Finally, a coordinated demand response model between the distribution network and microgrids based on the schedulable capacity assessment is established. This model is validated through case studies, demonstrating its effectiveness. The coordinated demand response between distribution networks and microgrids enables them to operate in a collaborative and economically safe manner.
Strategies for converting landfill gas to renewable energy and renewable feedstock: synergy with the hydrocarbon industry
Authors: Fang Jian , Lou Helen H. , Kolp Andrew , Chen Daniel
Published: June 2024

Landfills are major emitters of greenhouse gases, especially methane (CH4). To address this, the U.S. EPA promotes utilizing landfill gas (LFG) for renewable energy. Our study in Southeast Texas compared four LFG conversion strategies: flaring, electricity generation, renewable natural gas and methanol production. Scenario analysis was conducted to reveal the influence of market conditions and incentives on profitability. While electricity generation consistently yielded the highest returns, methanol production emerged as a close contender due to the strategic advantage of its proximity to the landfill site in this industrial zone. This study highlights the promising synergy between landfills and the hydrocarbon industry for sustainable development.
Reconstruction of NDVI based on Larix gmelinii tree-rings during June–September 1759–2021
Authors: Li Xiangyou , Wang Zhaopeng , Luo Taoran , Wang Xinrui , Wang Aiai , Zhang Dongyou
Published: June 2024

Investigating the long-term dynamics in the canopy proves to be difficult due to the short observational records of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). To explore the linkage between tree growth, NDVI dynamics and large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Greater Khingan Mountain, Northeast China, we established a chronology of Larix gmelinii tree ring width at three elevations (870–920 m, 1,100–1,150 m and 1,270–1,320 m) in the northern foothills of the mountain range. We then calculated the correlations between the tree ring chronologies and NDVI and climate factors, and reconstructed the NDVI time series from June to September 1759–2021 in the region based on the middle-elevation tree ring chronology. The results identify the positive effect of temperature (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and the negative effect of precipitation (r = −0.44, p < 0.01) in the growing season as the main influencing factors of NDVI for the study period (1981–2019). The 11-year moving average of the reconstructed NDVI series reveals two periods of high canopy vigor (1898–1926 and 2009–2013) and three periods of low canopy vigor (1860–1962, 1882–1888 and 1968–1977) in the last 263 years. These periods correspond to drought events recorded in the historical literature. Wavelet analysis shows that the reconstructed sequences exhibited 11–13, 23–25, and 39–42 years period variations. Integrating this with spatial correlation analysis reveals that tree growth in the Mangui region was impacted by the combined effect of the North Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. The results of this paper provide a reference for the study of vegetation change patterns in the northern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains.
Universal CAR 2.0 to overcome current limitations in CAR therapy
Authors: Schlegel Lara Sophie , Werbrouck Coralie , Boettcher Michael , Schlegel Patrick
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has effectively complemented the treatment of advanced relapsed and refractory hematological cancers. The remarkable achievements of CD19- and BCMA-CAR T therapies have raised high expectations within the fields of hematology and oncology. These groundbreaking successes are propelling a collective aspiration to extend the reach of CAR therapies beyond B-lineage malignancies. Advanced CAR technologies have created a momentum to surmount the limitations of conventional CAR concepts. Most importantly, innovations that enable combinatorial targeting to address target antigen heterogeneity, using versatile adapter CAR concepts in conjunction with recent transformative next-generation CAR design, offer the promise to overcome both the bottleneck associated with CAR manufacturing and patient-individualized treatment regimens. In this comprehensive review, we delineate the fundamental prerequisites, navigate through pivotal challenges, and elucidate strategic approaches, all aimed at paving the way for the future establishment of multitargeted immunotherapies using universal CAR technologies.
Re-evaluation of Padre Secchi’s visual method for modern oceanography
Authors: Hänninen Jari , Sahlstén Johannes
Published: June 2024

Secchi-disk is an instrument that enables investigating water transparency, being reflective of sunlight to be used to measure the depth of light penetration in the water column. In biological marine research, the device is used to determine the intensity of primary production of planktonic algae. In the present study, we re-evaluated the practicality of Secchi’s method, developed some 160 years ago, for modern oceanography by using the same locations, methods, objectives, and comparable Secchi disk that were used in his survey in 1865. We show that the Secchi-disk is still a valid scientific method in environmental marine research and therefore defends its place reliably among modern electronical research infrastructure. Observer’s subjectivity didn’t have a significant effect on measuring but environmental conditions can influence ZSD determination in general. It is therefore justified to follow, for example, the general recommendations for the use of the Secchi net issued by HELCOM. Our results also revealed that ZSD was located about twofold deeper in 1865 than presently which cannot be explained only by annual variation. We show that green(ish) sea areas have today extended to larger sea areas than they were 160 years ago, due to an increase in the turbidity of the water resulting from, e.g., general eutrophication.
The impact of traditional mind–body exercises on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sujie Mao , Kaiwen Xiao , Hong Xu , Xiujin Guo
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic condition characterized primarily by airflow obstruction, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Traditional mind–body exercises, as a non-pharmacological intervention for COPD, have become a new research focus.

Objective

To assess the impact of traditional mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Qigong, Yoga) on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in COPD patients. Additionally, to identify the most suitable form of traditional mind–body exercise for different indicators.

Methods

Searches were conducted in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost, CNKI, etc., to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the intervention of traditional mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Yoga, Qigong) in COPD. The Cochrane evaluation tool was applied for methodological quality assessment of the included literature. Statistical analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed using Revman 5.4 software, while publication bias was assessed using R software.

Results

This study included 23 studies with a total of 1862 participants. Traditional mind–body exercises improved patients’ FEV1% index (WMD = 4.61, 95%CI [2.99, 6.23]), 6-min walk distance (SMD = 0.83, 95%CI [0.55, 1.11]), and reduced patients’ SGRQ score (SMD = −0.79, 95%CI [−1.20, −0.38]) and CAT score (SMD = −0.79, 95%CI [−1.20, −0.38]). Qigong showed the most significant improvement in FEV1% and 6MWT, while Tai Chi primarily improved 6MWT, and the effect of Yoga was not significant. Sensitivity analysis indicated stable and reliable research conclusions.

Conclusion

Traditional mind–body exercises are effective rehabilitation methods for COPD patients, significantly improving pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. They are suitable as complementary interventions for standard COPD treatment.

Systematic review registration

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display-record.php?ID=CRD42023495104], identifier [CRD42023495104].
Deciphering the shared mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in treating type 2 diabetes and ulcerative colitis via bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Hu Faquan , Xiong Liyuan , Li Zhengpin , Li Lingxiu , Wang Li , Wang Xinheng , Zhou Xuemei , Zheng Yujiao
Published: June 2024

Background

Although previous clinical studies and animal experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) in treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects remain elusive.

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the shared pathogenic mechanisms between T2DM and UC and elucidate the mechanisms through which GQD modulates these diseases using bioinformatics approaches.

Methods

Data for this study were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Targets of GQD were identified using PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction, while targets associated with T2DM and UC were compiled from the DrugBank, GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DisGeNET databases, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our analysis encompassed six approaches: weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), immune infiltration analysis, single-cell sequencing analysis, machine learning, DEG analysis, and network pharmacology.

Results

Through GO and KEGG analysis of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modular genes and DEGs intersection, we found that the co-morbidity between T2DM and UC is primarily associated with immune-inflammatory pathways, including IL-17, TNF, chemokine, and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis supported these findings. Three distinct machine learning studies identified IGFBP3 as a biomarker for GQD in treating T2DM, while BACE2, EPHB4, and EPHA2 emerged as biomarkers for GQD in UC treatment. Network pharmacology revealed that GQD treatment for T2DM and UC mainly targets immune-inflammatory pathways like Toll-like receptor, IL-17, TNF, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the shared pathogenesis of T2DM and UC and clarifies the regulatory mechanisms of GQD on these conditions. It also proposes novel targets and therapeutic strategies for individuals suffering from T2DM and UC.
Computer based visualization of clot structures in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and histological clot investigations for understanding thrombosis in membrane lungs
Authors: Wagner Maria S. , Kranz Michael , Krenkel Lars , Pointner Daniel , Foltan Maik , Lubnow Matthias , Lehle Karla
Published: June 2024

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was established as a treatment for severe cardiac or respiratory disease. Intra-device clot formation is a common risk. This is based on complex coagulation phenomena which are not yet sufficiently understood. The objective was the development and validation of a methodology to capture the key properties of clots deposed in membrane lungs (MLs), such as clot size, distribution, burden, and composition. One end-of-therapy PLS ML was examined. Clot detection was performed using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), microcomputed tomography (μCT), and photography of fiber mats (fiber mat imaging, FMI). Histological staining was conducted for von Willebrand factor (vWF), platelets (CD42b, CD62P), fibrin, and nucleated cells (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI). The three imaging methods showed similar clot distribution inside the ML. Independent of the imaging method, clot loading was detected predominantly in the inlet chamber of the ML. The μCT had the highest accuracy. However, it was more expensive and time consuming than MDCT or FMI. The MDCT detected the clots with low scanning time. Due to its lower resolution, it only showed clotted areas but not the exact shape of clot structures. FMI represented the simplest variant, requiring little effort and resources. FMI allowed clot localization and calculation of clot volume. Histological evaluation indicated omnipresent immunological deposits throughout the ML. Visually clot-free areas were covered with leukocytes and platelets forming platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs). Cells were embedded in vWF cobwebs, while vWF fibers were negligible. In conclusion, the presented methodology allowed adequate clot identification and histological classification of possible thrombosis markers such as PLAs.
Analysis of differential effects of host plants on the gut microbes of Rhoptroceros cyatheae
Authors: Zhang Bingchen , Yang Weicheng , He Qinqin , Chen Hangdan , Che Bingjie , Bai Xiaojie
Published: June 2024

As an indispensable part of insects, intestinal symbiotic bacteria play a vital role in the growth and development of insects and their adaptability. Rhoptroceros cyatheae, the main pest of the relict plant Alsophila spinulosa, poses a serious threat to the development of the A. spinulosa population. In the present study, 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the structure of intestinal microbes and the diversity of the insect feeding on two different plants, as well as the similarities between the intestinal microorganisms of R. cyatheae. The dominant bacteria of leaf endophytes were also compared based on the sequencing data. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla of intestinal bacteria, and Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of intestinal fungi. Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, and Enterococcus were the dominant genera in the intestine of R. cyatheae feeding on two plants, and the relative abundance was significantly different between the two groups. Candida was the common dominant genus of intestinal fungi in the two groups, and no significant difference was observed in its abundance between the two groups. This showed that compared with the intestinal fungi of R. cyatheae, the abundance of the intestinal bacteria was greatly affected by food. The common core microbiota between the microorganisms in A. spinulosa leaves and the insect gut indicated the presence of a microbial exchange between the two. The network correlation diagram showed that the gut microbes of R. cyatheae feeding on Gymnosphaera metteniana were more closely related to each other, which could help the host to better cope with the adverse external environment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the adaptation mechanism of R. cyatheae and a new direction for the effective prevention and control of R. cyatheae.
Reactivation of cytomegalovirus and bloodstream infection and its impact on early survival after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Ren Jinhua , Xu Jingjing , Sun Jiaqi , Wu Xueqiong , Yang Xiaozhu , Nie Chengjun , Lan Lingqiong , Zeng Yanling , Zheng Xiaoyun , Li Jing , Lin Qiaoxian , Hu Jianda , Yang Ting
Published: June 2024

Cytomegalovirus reactivation (CMVr) and bloodstream infections (BSI) are the most common infectious complications in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Both are associated with great high morbidity whilst the BSI is the leading cause of mortality. This retrospective study evaluated the incidence of CMVr and BSI, identified associated risk factors, assessed their impact on survival in allo-HSCT recipients during the first 100 days after transplantation. The study comprised 500 allo-HSCT recipients who were CMV DNA-negative and CMV IgG-positive before allo-HSCT. Amongst them, 400 developed CMVr and 75 experienced BSI within 100 days after allo-HSCT. Multivariate regression revealed that graft failure and acute graft-versus-host disease were significant risk factors for poor prognosis, whereas CMVr or BSI alone were not. Amongst all 500 patients, 56 (14%) developed both CMVr and BSI in the 100 days after HSCT, showing significantly reduced 6-month overall survival (p = 0.003) and long-term survival (p = 0.002). Specifically, in the initial post-transplant phase (within 60 days), BSI significantly elevate mortality risk, However, patients who survive BSI during this critical period subsequently experience a lower mortality risk. Nevertheless, the presence of CMVr in patients with BSI considerably diminishes their long-term survival prospects. This study provides real-world data on the impact of CMVr and BSI following transplantation on survival, particularly in regions such as China, where the prevalence of CMV IgG-positivity is high. The findings underscore the necessity for devising and executing focused prevention and early management strategies for CMVr and BSI to enhance outcomes for allo-HSCT recipients.
Effects of returning peach branch waste to fields on soil carbon cycle mediated by soil microbial communities
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Liu Zhiling , Cui Bofei , Yang Haiqing , Gao Chengda , Chang Mingming , Liu Yueping
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the rise in greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture has worsened climate change. Efficiently utilizing agricultural waste can significantly mitigate these effects. This study investigated the ecological benefits of returning peach branch waste to fields (RPBF) through three innovative strategies: (1) application of peach branch organic fertilizer (OF), (2) mushroom cultivation using peach branches as a substrate (MC), and (3) surface mulching with peach branches (SM). Conducted within a peach orchard ecosystem, our research aimed to assess these resource utilization strategies’ effects on soil properties, microbial community, and carbon cycle, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. Our findings indicated that all RPBF treatments enhance soil nutrient content, enriching beneficial microorganisms, such as Humicola, Rhizobiales, and Bacillus. Moreover, soil AP and AK were observed to regulate the soil carbon cycle by altering the compositions and functions of microbial communities. Notably, OF and MC treatments were found to boost autotrophic microorganism abundance, thereby augmenting the potential for soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction. Interestingly, in peach orchard soil, fungal communities were found to contribute more greatly to SOC content than bacterial communities. However, SM treatment resulted in an increase in the presence of bacterial communities, thereby enhancing carbon emissions. Overall, this study illustrated the fundamental pathways by which RPBF treatment affects the soil carbon cycle, providing novel insights into the rational resource utilization of peach branch waste and the advancement of ecological agriculture.
Occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of faba bean viruses in China
Authors: Li Zongdi , Qin Jiachao , Zhu Yuxiang , Zhou Mimi , Zhao Na , Zhou Enqiang , Wang Xuejun , Chen Xin , Cui Xiaoyan
Published: June 2024

With worldwide cultivation, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) stands as one of the most vital cool-season legume crops, serving as a major component of food security. China leads global faba bean production in terms of both total planting area and yield, with major production hubs in Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Gansu provinces. The faba bean viruses have caused serious yield losses in these production areas, but previous researches have not comprehensively investigated this issue. In this study, we collected 287 faba bean samples over three consecutive years from eight provinces/municipalities of China. We employed small RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to detect the presence of viruses and examine their incidence, distribution, and genetic diversity. We identified a total of nine distinct viruses: bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, Potyvirus), milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV, Nanovirus), vicia cryptic virus (VCV, Alphapartitivirus), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV, Potyvirus), beet western yellows virus (BWYV, Polerovirus), broad bean wilt virus (BBWV, Fabavirus), soybean mosaic virus (SMV, Potyvirus), pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV, Potyvirus), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus). BYMV was the predominant virus found during our sampling, followed by MDV and VCV. This study marks the first reported detection of BCMV in Chinese faba bean fields. Except for several isolates from Gansu and Yunnan provinces, our sequence analysis revealed that the majority of BYMV isolates contain highly conserved nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP). Amino acid sequence alignment indicates that there is a conserved NAG motif at the N-terminal region of BYMV CP, which is considered important for aphid transmission. Our findings not only highlight the presence and diversity of pathogenic viruses in Chinese faba bean production, but also provide target pathogens for future antiviral resource screening and a basis for antiviral breeding.
Resilience of the slow component in timescale-separated synchronized oscillators
Authors: Tyloo Melvyn
Published: June 2024

Physiological networks are usually made of a large number of biological oscillators evolving on a multitude of different timescales. Phase oscillators are particularly useful in the modelling of the synchronization dynamics of such systems. If the coupling is strong enough compared to the heterogeneity of the internal parameters, synchronized states might emerge where phase oscillators start to behave coherently. Here, we focus on the case where synchronized oscillators are divided into a fast and a slow component so that the two subsets evolve on separated timescales. We assess the resilience of the slow component by, first, reducing the dynamics of the fast one using Mori-Zwanzig formalism. Second, we evaluate the variance of the phase deviations when the oscillators in the two components are subject to noise with possibly distinct correlation times. From the general expression for the variance, we consider specific network structures and show how the noise transmission between the fast and slow components is affected. Interestingly, we find that oscillators that are among the most robust when there is only a single timescale, might become the most vulnerable when the system undergoes a timescale separation. We also find that layered networks seem to be insensitive to such timescale separations.