bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer empowerment index of electronic product buying
Authors: Simanjuntak Megawati , Putri Shafira Anissa
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of demographic, social and economic characteristics towards the consumer empowerment of electronic products. The research used cross-sectional study with an online survey of 100 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis used to identify the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the sample and the consumer empowerment index. The inferential analysis used in this study include chi-square test and logistic regression. The level of consumer empowerment in electronic products only 41.78 that belongs to capable category. The largest index was found in goods selection dimension (88.33) and the lowest (6.4) on behavior complaint dimension. The result of this study showed that female, early-aged adult (18-40 year), higher education, employed, income between Rp2 000 000-Rp3 000 000 per capita per month, origin from the urban area, and family size ≤ 4 were the most empowered consumers. Only two of six variables significantly affect consumer empowerment, namely age and education. Age has a negative and significant effect on consumer empowerment, while education has a positive and significant effect on consumer empowerment of electronic products. Based on the results of the research, it is necessary to raise awareness of consumers to be able to choose the brand of local products. Also consumers need to use their rights as consumers to be able to file complaints if they experience disappointment or loss when buying electronic products.
The growth imperative (TGI): an approach to alleviate/eradicate poverty
Authors: Viltard Leandro Adolfo
Published: December 2018

Poverty has become one of the central issues of our society. For governments and organizations it is much more than a strategic, marketing or philanthropic issue; it is one of the scourges that whip our society. A new logic must emerge in order to lay the foundations for the upcoming world. This should contain a deeper understanding of emerging economies customers’ needs and on consumption differences between the developed and the developing worlds. The hypothesis of this work -which is corroborated as the main conclusion of the study- suggests that the three theories that are presented -if combined and with a deeper comprehension- may help to alleviate/eradicate poverty, through giving dignity and better choices to the people who live at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) and changing the actual dominant logic that inhibits worldwide development. This objective may be achieved through The Growth Imperative Pillars, presented in this work. The study is exploratory-descriptive, with a qualitative methodology. It is based on a bibliographical review of renowned specialists on the subject.
A dematel-topsis-wings approach to the classification of multimarket investment funds
Authors: Sallum Frederico Silva Valentim , Gomes Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro , Machado Maria Augusta Soares
Published: December 2018

This paper analyzes the performance of 20 multimarket investment funds in the Brazilian market from May/2015 to April/2017 in order to categorize them into 4 performance levels. The cumulative rate and the funds' volatility are calculated in 2 periods among the total periods studied, in order to generate a mutual degree of influence among the funds of each group. Next, the WINGS method is applied. This method splits each group into 2 subgroups, generating the 4 levels of classification. The use of the methodology classified 5 funds in each subgroup. The data analysis compared the obtained classification with the classification established by the cumulative rate of the funds throughout the entire period and presented 4 ways to prioritize the decision for the funds ranked higher. These 4 ways of prioritizing the decision aim at assisting investors with different points of view.
Corporate University: An implementation case analysis, in Argentina
Authors: Viltard Leandro Adolfo , Viltard Leandro
Published: December 2018

The corporate training does not have the shape that we knew. The specificity of what modern organizations require and the limited executive time make that it cannot be developed in the traditional places or ways. In this context, it is observed that the Traditional Universities (TU) have other objectives than those that companies require, visualizing Corporate University (CU) as a necessary complement to the known ways of training. Additionally, the CU is presented as an improvement to the Traditional Training Departments (TTD) and feasible for smaller organizations, offering continuous learning assistance, and skills and knowledge development. It also assures the future organizational sustainability and -since the CU is focused on the vision, mission and strategy- it contributes to change management and competitive advantage development. The hypothesis of this investigation –which is corroborated- proposes that the CU is vital in developing the stakeholders’ knowledge and skills and that -through its implementation- it is possible to help in obtaining sustainable competitive advantages. The study objective is referred to analyze the CU and its contribution to knowledge and to business development, and to offer greater foundations for its implementations in Argentina. This work is exploratory and descriptive, with a qualitative methodology. It is based on literature review of important specialists, complemented with a case analysis of an Argentinean multinational company.
A review input factors elasticity and return to scale of cooperative: a survey on Indonesian savings-loan cooperatives
Authors: Situmorang Johnny Walker
Published: December 2018

This study aims to reveal the production function, return to scale, and production factors elasticity of cooperative by using Indonesia financial service cooperative (IFSC) which has a single business in the field of financial service as a sample of research. Using panel data, this study results both labour and capital factors have a significant influence IFSC production.  The IFSC industry condition is increasing return to scale (IRS). Production elasticity of capital is higher than labour force so that IFSC business expansion is faster with increasing IFSC capital. The cooperative financial services industry condition is increasing return to scale that enables IFSC business expansion.  Given the availability of IFSC resources and its operating environment, IFSC's business expansion strategy should be more labour-intensive than capital-intensive, employing more labour than capital. The government should provide support for improving human resource capacity
Innovation management in micro, small and medium-sized companies: a study in a Brazilian electro-electronic cluster
Authors: Mazzola Bruno Giovanni , Oliveira Junior Moacir de Miranda , Esteves Karen , Barreto Luis Fernando Britto Pereira de Mello
Published: December 2018

Innovation is an important way for corporations to increase their competitiveness. An analysis of the literature on innovation shows that almost all studies in that field keep focus on large companies. To overcome such gap, this paper focuses on the study of the Innovation Management in micro, small and medium-sized enterprise. The purpose of this study is to assess the most relevant factors related to Innovation Management of companies that compose the Electronic Valley, a cluster located in Brazil. The following dimensions regarding innovation will be herein analyzed: Strategy, Internal Processes, External Environment, Organization and Culture. Another indicator we considered is Innovative Performance, which was investigated based on data provided by the companies we analyzed. The quantitative research approached 41 corporations, approximately 28% of the general population. The regression analysis showed that the five dimensions of Innovation Management are directly associated with Innovative Performance; Culture is the most relevant variable.
Mittendrin oder nur dabei?
Authors: Fühles-Ubach Simone
Published: December 2018

Kundenorientierung ist in den vergangenen Jahren in der Literatur zum Bibliotheksmanagement immer wichtiger geworden, wohingegen der Beitrag von Bibliotheken zur übergeordneten Gesamtstrategie ihrer Trägereinrichtungen eine eher untergeordnete Rolle einnimmt. Ein sichtbarer und nachweisbarer Beitrag der Bibliothek prägt jedoch die Wahrnehmung durch das Management der Institution. In diesem Kontext werden die verschiedenen Kommunikationsebenen betrachtet, die ein modernes Bibliotheksmanagement abdecken muss. In einer empirischen Untersuchung werden Strategiepapiere europäischer Bibliotheken auf ihre Verbindung zur Trägerorganisation hin untersucht. Die Untersuchung basiert auf der Grundannahme, dass bei einer engen Verzahnung im Sinne eines klaren Beitrags zur Gesamtstrategie der Trägerorganisation, die Wahrnehmung und Integration der Bibliothek im organisationalen Kontext klarer und fester verankert sein dürfte. Anschließend werden drei Modelle zur Strategie-Entwicklung vorgestellt, die in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken zum Einsatz kommen. Diese werden auf ihre Verbindung zum Träger hin untersucht. Gebraucht werden nicht nur „embedded“ oder „liaison librarians“, sondern eine insgesamt im Zentrum der Organisation verankerte „embedded library“ mit entsprechender Bedeutung für die zukünftige Entwicklung der Gesamtinstitution, d. h. der Kommune, der Hochschule oder der Forschungseinrichtung.
Die digitale Transformation meistern
Authors: Gantert Klaus , Neher Günther , Schade Frauke
Published: December 2018

In diesem Beitrag werden Spezifika der Hochschulen und Ausbildungseinrichtungen, die in der KIBA organisiert sind, mit ihren Studiengängen, Weiterbildungsprogrammen, Forschungsschwerpunkten und didaktischen Konzepten vorgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, wie diese Einrichtungen mit ihrer Berufungs- und Einstellungspolitik, strategischen Allianzen und übergeordneten fachlichen und politischen Zusammenschlüssen sowie mit der Profilierung ihrer Studiengänge auf neue Anforderungen des Marktes und der Berufspraxis reagieren. Berücksichtigt werden dabei Positionen und Strategien zur Digitalisierung aus der Politik sowie ihren Beratungsgremien, in der sich die Inhalte bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlicher Ausbildung und Forschung verorten lassen. Insgesamt wird deutlich, wie schwierig es heute ist zu definieren, was die Bibliotheks- und die Informationswissenschaft im Kern ausmacht, um im Spannungsfeld der Herausforderungen an wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Bibliotheken, den Anforderungen der Wirtschaft im Bereich Informations- und Wissensmanagement, der Digitalisierung und Langzeitarchivierung von Kulturerbe, um nur einige Felder zu nennen, Ausbildungsprogramme bedarfsgerecht zu profilieren und die bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlichen Institute, Fachbereiche und Ausbildungseinrichtungen politisch abzusichern und ausreichend mit Ressourcen auszustatten.
HIRMEOS
Authors: Bargheer Margo , Bertino Andrea C.
Published: December 2018

Die Sonderstellung der Monografie im Spektrum des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens stellt den Aufbau von Open-Access-Publikationsmodellen in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften (im englischen HSS) vor besondere Herausforderungen. Der Artikel stellt dar, wie das EU-Projekt HIRMEOS (High Integration of Research Monographs in the European Open Science Infrastructure) diese Herausforderungen anpackt. Vorgestellt werden Ziele, Partner, Arbeitspakete und Arbeitsmethoden des Projekts sowie die wichtigsten technischen Spezifikationen der implementierten Dienste und Werkzeuge für digitale Monografien.
Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA)
Authors: Bauer Bruno , Capellaro Christof , Ferus Andreas , Fessler Georg , Granat Renata , Hölbling Lothar , Kaier Christian , Koren-Wilhelmer Frank , Kromp Brigitte , Seissl Maria , Zarka Tobias
Published: December 2018

„Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA)“ ist ein Hochschulraumstrukturmittelprojekt zur Förderung von Open Access an den 21 öffentlichen Universitäten in Österreich mit der Laufzeit 2017–2020. AT2OA widmet sich in vier Teilprojekten den Themen (1) Analyse der Auswirkung einer Umstellung auf Open Access, (2) der Finanzierung von Open-Access-Übergangsmodellen, (3) dem Auf-, Ausbau und der Finanzierung von OA-Publikationsfonds und (4) der Förderung von OA-Publikationen und alternativen OA-Publikationsmodellen von Universitäten.
Towards a Theory of Imprévision in the EU?
Authors: Kovac Mitja , Poncibò Cristina
Published: December 2018

The problem of excuse for non-performance of contracts caused by changed circumstances is, despite its long history in contract law scholarship, far from being resolved. This paper is based on the dialogue between two colleagues from different academic backgrounds and comparatively investigates German, French, Italian and English approaches and current developments in the field. First, the paper questions whether the doctrine of changed circumstances (or imprévision) remains a mere exception, or whether it is possible to argue that, by considering the latest developments, it may represent a model in European contract law. This issue has recently attracted the attention of the French legislature in its modernization of the Code Civil. Second, by examining the many different national doctrines, the paper aims to reconstruct and clarify, through comparative analysis performed, the conceptual framework of such a theory by discussing, in particular, issues of contract interpretation, presupposition, causation, good faith, fairness and solidarity.
The interactional achievement of speaker meaning: Toward a formal account of conversational inference
Authors: Elder Chi-Hé , Haugh Michael
Published: December 2018

Dominant accounts of “speaker meaning” in post-Gricean contextualist pragmatics tend to focus on single utterances, making the theoretical assumption that the object of pragmatic analysis is restricted to cases where speakers and hearers agree on utterance meanings, leaving instances of misunderstandings out of their scope. However, we know that divergences in understandings between interlocutors do often arise, and that when they do, speakers can engage in a local process of meaning negotiation. In this paper, we take insights from interactional pragmatics to offer an empirically informed view on speaker meaning that incorporates both speakers’ and hearers’ perspectives, alongside a formalization of how to model speaker meanings in such a way that we can account for both understandings – the canonical cases – and misunderstandings, but critically, also the process of interactionally negotiating meanings between interlocutors. We highlight that utterance-level theories of meaning provide only a partial representation of speaker meaning as it is understood in interaction, and show that inferences about a given utterance at any given time are formally connected to prior and future inferences of participants. Our proposed model thus provides a more fine-grained account of how speakers converge on speaker meanings in real time, showing how such meanings are often subject to a joint endeavor of complex inferential work.
How (not) to be rude: Facilitatingthe acquisition of L2 (im)politeness
Authors: Rieger Caroline L.
Published: December 2018

This article argues for frequent targeted teaching of relational language use or (im)politeness in the L2 classroom. The approach presented here draws on authentic data in the target language and in the language of instruction, which are readily available online. It encourages the learner to make use of their multilingual resources and is exploratory in nature, allowing for a deep engagement with (im)politeness, viz., an extensive array of semiotic features invested in the co-construction of social relations in every social interaction. Working at the interface of (im)politeness studies, intercultural pragmatics, interlanguage pragmatics, and language pedagogy, and undertaken from the perspective of interpersonal pragmatics and relational work, the qualitative analysis focuses on the collaborative work products from participatory learning activities of intermediate to advanced learners of German at a large North-American university. Results show the learners’ raised awareness and broadened knowledge. In particular, learners became aware that what is judged as (im)polite is dependent on the relationship of the interactants, the gender of the interactants, the sociocultural background, norms, values, and believes of the interactants, the context of the interaction, the affiliations of the evaluator, the sociocultural background, norms, values, and believes of the evaluator, etc. Results also suggest that some of the learners need to develop their pragmalinguistic skills further to fully participate in the evaluation of pragmatically rich target language discourse. Additional studies are needed to explore the impact on the learners’ interactional competence.
Reconstructing the Politeness Principle in Chinese: A response to Gu’s approach
Authors: Zhou Ling , Zhang Shaojie
Published: December 2018

Back in the early 1990s, Gu Yueguo formulated the Politeness Principle and its maxims to explain Chinese politeness phenomena, as a counter reaction to Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, which claims that politeness is a universal phenomenon in language usage. Despite the fact that Gu’s illustration of politeness phenomena in Chinese has attracted considerable attention from pragmaticians, this paper points out that there are at least three major issues in his study: failure to provide a generalized high-level definition of politeness, improper construction of some of the maxims, and inadequate adoption of Leech’s theoretical framework for analysis of Chinese data. With the increasing call for culture-specific research on im/politeness, it is of great necessity to rethink these issues regarding Chinese politeness phenomena. Therefore, this paper attempts to reconstruct the Politeness Principle in Chinese by reexamining and clarifying Gu’s approach. It argues that politeness can be defined as appropriate behavior in social interaction. Based on this definition, the Politeness Principle and four maxims of Modesty, Respectfulness, Friendliness, and Refinement are coherently reconstructed in a clarified and refined form. The reconstruction demonstrates that polite behavior in Chinese is exhibited in an appropriate or acceptable way in accordance with these maxims as social norms or regularities.
The role of individual differences in younger vs. older primary school learners of English in Denmark
Authors: Fenyvesi Katalin , Hansen Mikkel.B , Cadierno Teresa
Published: December 2018

This study investigated 276 Danish first and third graders’ proficiency in English as a foreign language (FL) in relation to several socio-affective factors after their first year of instruction. The results showed that (a) both age groups made similar gains in receptive vocabulary and grammar, suggesting a similar rate of learning in this short time span; (b) the two groups had different socio-affective profiles. Younger learners exhibited lower levels of FL classroom anxiety and more positive English competence beliefs but had a less incremental mindset and relied more on external authorities as a source of motivation. In contrast, older learners relied less on external authorities and showed a more incremental mindset but exhibited higher levels of FL classroom anxiety and less positive English competence beliefs; and (c) only four socio-affective factors had a clear impact on proficiency: English competence beliefs and an incremental mindset had a positive influence while FL classroom anxiety and the influence of external authorities had a negative influence. The pedagogical implications of the different socio-affective strengths and weaknesses that characterize children in the two age groups are discussed.
Picking over the bones: the practicalities of processing the Athenian war dead
Authors: Rees Owen
Published: December 2018

Thucydides’ account of the Athenian war dead creates a false image of a clean and efficient, systematic processing of the dead. To look beyond his description it is necessary to assess the practicalities involved in the process. In so doing, it has been necessary to reassess our own historical models. The logistics of identifying the dead accurately, combined with the amount of wood necessary to offer a complete cremation for hundreds of bodies, brings into question the notion that the war dead were cremated by tribe and kept separate up to their public burial. Similarly the notion of ash or bone returning to Athens is too clean, so use of the term “cremains” is proposed to offer an accurate terminology and bring ancient history in line with archaeological practices. When the practicalities and logistics involved in the processing of the dead are considered, some significant issues are raised concerning not only our own presumptions, but also the narrative that Thucydides himself offers.
‘Dagli altari alla polvere.’ Alaric, Constantine III, and the downfall of Stilicho
Authors: Wijnendaele Jeroen W. P.
Published: December 2018

It has been frequently asserted that the western Roman supreme commander Stilicho’s neglect of the Transalpine provinces during the usurpation of Constantine III contributed to his eventual downfall in 408. Stilicho’s fatal flaw, in this recurring opinion, seems to have been a desire to annex eastern Illyricum for which he sought to employ Alaric. In a volte-face, he then wished to use Alaric as the leader of the western field army that was supposed to bring down Constantine. The aim of this article is to advance several notes of critique on this narrative that has had a long life in Stilichonian scholarship. Instead it will demonstrate that a) the threat of Constantine has been overestimated, b) Stilicho had no designs on annexing eastern Illyricum, c) he had a military strategy ready against Constantine that was sound and in tandem with earlier civil wars, and d) that the intended role of Alaric during this enterprise has been misunderstood. Nevertheless, Stilicho’s military strategy in 408 proved to be fundamentally corrosive towards his hitherto carefully built-up political capital. Olympius, the architect of his demise and his precise knowledge of Stilicho’s army preparations, as befitted the magister officiorium, provided the former with the perfect material to fabricate stories of Stilicho coveting a throne while neglecting the west. This set in motion the plot that ultimately brought down Stilicho.
New perspectives on Byzantine Spain: the Discriptio Hispaniae
Authors: Olesti Vila Oriol , Expósito Ricard Andreu , Wood Jamie
Published: December 2018

The Discriptio Hispaniae is a passage from the Geometry of Gisemundus, also entitled Ars Gromatica Gisemundi (AGG), a medieval treatise of agrimensura written by an unknown author, probably a monk known as Gisemundus who had some agrimensorial experience. The work was compiled around AD 800 by collecting passages of a range of sizes, from just a few words to several pages, extracted from ancient and medieval sources. Although modern research into Roman agrimensorial texts has admitted the importance of the AGG, its corrupt condition has not invited sustained analysis. The passage now known as the Discriptio Hispaniae, a short section from chapter three of the second book of the AGG entitled III De segregatione provinciarum ab Augustalibus terminis, is particularly interesting for the information that it provides concerning the territorial division of Hispania in Late Antiquity. This article presents an edition and English translation of the Discriptio Hispaniae and argues that the most likely point of origin for the Discriptio Hispaniae is during the Byzantine occupation of parts of southern Spain during the second half of the sixth century and the first quarter of the seventh century. We suggest that the Discriptio Hispaniae was preserved because the Byzantine authorities were keen to keep on record information about the borders of the province of Carthaginensis, perhaps the main theme in the text.
Therapeutic hypothermia during neonatal transport at Regional Perinatal Centers: active vs. passive cooling
Authors: Lumba Rishi , Mally Pradeep , Espiritu Michael , Wachtel Elena V.
Published: December 2018

Background

Earlier initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has been shown to improve neurological outcomes. The objective of the study was to compare safety and effectiveness of servo-controlled active vs. passive cooling used during neonatal transport in achieving target core temperature.

Methods

We undertook a prospective cohort quality improvement study with historic controls of therapeutic hypothermia during transport. Primary outcome measures were analyzed: time to cool after initiation of transport, time to achieve target temperature from birth and temperature on arrival to cooling centers. Safety was assessed by group comparison of vital signs, diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and coagulation profiles on arrival.

Results

A total of 65 infants were included in the study. Time to cool after initiation of transport and time to achieve target temperature from birth were statistically significantly shorter in the actively cooled group with time reduction of 24% with P<0.01 and 15.6% with P<0.01, respectively. On arrival to our cooling center, we noted a significance difference in the mean core temperature (active 33.8°C vs. passive 35.4°C, P<0.01). Seven percent (2/30) of infants in the passively cooled group were overcooled (temperature <33°C). Patients in the actively cooled group had significantly lower mean heart rate compared to the passively cooled group. There was no statistically significant difference in diagnosis of PPHN or coagulation profiles on admission.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that active cooling with a servo-controlled device on neonatal transport is safe and more effective in achieving target temperature compared to passive cooling.
Can Human Development Bonds Reduce the Agency Costs of the Resource Curse?
Authors: Sperduto Luke
Published: December 2018

Especially in resource rich countries with weak institutions of governance, the interests of governments often diverge from those of their citizens and creditors. Sovereign bond contracts can potentially help align these interests, to the benefit of all parties, by indexing payment obligations to improvements in the health and education of the issuer’s citizenry. To that end, this Article proposes a Human Development Bond (HDB) with a variable coupon schedule that both insures issuers against recessions and incentivizes them to encourage investment in human capital when economic growth is strong. The potential benefits of such an instrument can only be realized, however, with significant support from the international community. Moreover, further empirical research is needed to calibrate the HDB’s coupon schedule to provide well-timed and appropriately sized debt relief.
A Political Theory of Public Library Development
Authors: Widdersheim Michael M.
Published: December 2018

Public library development is explained differently by various theories, but existing theories are problematic. A new theory is needed to explain public library development, one that foregrounds political processes. To produce this new theory, a historical case study was conducted of a regional public library system in the United States from 1924 to 2016. Multiple data sources and mixed methods were used to identify the causes of library development in nine periods of the case. Findings indicate that public libraries develop in a cyclical way. Within each decision cycle, high responsiveness is a necessary condition for a change in development. A responsive library system adapts to and acts upon discursively-legitimated issues. High responsiveness, together with either high civil support, high legitimacy or low resistance, are causal configurations sufficient for change. This theory is significant because it is testable, it uses a new research framework and new methods, and it provides new insight into public library development.
Legal Information and the Social Media: Some Current Issues
Authors: Lawal Vicki , Underwood Peter G , Stilwell Christine
Published: December 2018

This article examines the effect of the adoption of social media in legal practice in Nigeria. It discusses some of the major challenges that have recently been experienced in the use of legal information in Nigeria within the context of the social media revolution, particularly with respect to ethics. A survey method was employed and data was collected through self-administered questionnaires to the study population comprising practicing lawyers located in various law firms in Nigeria. Outcomes from the study provide preliminary evidence on the nature of the application of social media in legal practice and the prospects for its inclusion as an important aspect of legal research in the legal education system in Nigeria.
The crystal structure of 1,5-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pentane-1,5-dione, C30H23NO2
Authors: Zuo Zhenyu , Hu Kunxia , Song Xiao , Zhang Hong , Tang Zhishu
Published: December 2018

C30H23NO2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.7674(16) Å, b = 19.542(3) Å, c = 20.970(3) Å, V = 4412.5(11) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0350, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0963, T = 153 K.
Nonprofit Social Capital as an Indicator of a Healthy Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Bixler R. Patrick , Springer David W.
Published: December 2018

Nonprofit social capital refers to the trust, norms, and networks that can improve organizational performance to fulfill a mission. Research on social capital within organizations, and specifically with nonprofits, is relatively widespread; however, the notion that we can quantify, measure, and incentivize its growth across a sector is novel. Nonprofits actively work to solve some of society’s most complex challenges in diverse areas, such as public health, education, social inequality, and environment. Few would argue against the need for a robust and healthy nonprofit sector. Yet, there is little debate and even less agreement on the definition of “a healthy nonprofit sector” or how to measure it. We offer a policy brief on this topic in the form of an exploratory think piece, rather than a definitive empirical methodology or research paper, that connects nonprofit social capital to a framework of sector health. Solving many of the challenges facing society today will require trust, working together, and networks of resources and reciprocity. Because of this, nonprofit social capital – both cognitive and structural – is an important benchmark of nonprofit sector health and could supplement other metrics of an index offering a signal as to changes occurring in the sector.
The Structure of Mythological Old Comedy
Authors: Marsh Loren D.
Published: December 2018

Scholars often assume that Old Comedies based on mythological stories differed from other Old Comedies primarily by their mythological plot material, and that therefore they shared the structural features of the surviving plays of Aristophanes. I show that the evidence may instead indicate that these Old Comedies did not as a rule have a parabasis or an agon. The structure of mythological Old Comedy could then have resembled the satyr play more closely than Aristophanic Old Comedy, meaning genre did not necessarily determine form.
Nonfarm diversification and the well-being of rural farm households in developing countries: Evidence from Ghana using new dataset
Authors: Senadza Bernardin , Nketiah-Amponsah Edward , Ampaw Samuel
Published: December 2018

This paper examines the impact of participation in both farm and nonfarm activities on both household consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and household per capita income, in rural Ghana. The objective is to ascertain whether the results are sensitive to the choice of well-being measure. We use a nationally representative dataset on 8,059 rural farm households collected in 2012/13. In order to account for potential selectivity and endogeneity biases, which previous studies failed to correct for, we adopt the endogenous switching regression (ESR) estimation technique. We find diversified households to be systematically different from their undiversified counterparts in terms of socioeconomic and demographic centeracteristics, thus justifying the empirical method used. Our results indicate a higher observed mean consumption for the diversified sub-sample compared to its counterfactual, implying that households participating in nonfarm enterprise activities in addition to farming have greater mean consumption compared to households engaged solely in farming. Similar conclusions are reached when income instead is used as the well-being indicator. Our findings, thus, indicate that the well-being implication of farm-nonfarm diversification is insensitive to the choice of well-being measure.
Die Explizierung des Impliziten
Authors: Descher Stefan , Petraschka Thomas
Published: December 2018

Research on established ›practices‹ in literary studies often includes an analysis of tacit assumptions or implicit norms. In this article, we deal with what we consider a central issue for this kind of research: the question of ›making it explicit‹. We concentrate on the practice of argumentation in literary interpretation and ask how implicit aspects of arguments can be made explicit, and what the problems of such an undertaking are. We proceed in three steps. As a point of departure, we take an interpretation of the poem .Der Knabe im Moor. by Annette von Droste-Hulshoff and analyze which parts of the arguments usually remain implicit when they are presented in literary interpretations. Then, we suggest different reasons for why this might be the case. The third part of our paper argues that rational reconstructions of this kind must always deal with several of the issues that we encountered in our analysis of the case study, especially with the problem that the analysis of implicit elements of practices cannot be purely descriptive.
Ereignishaftigkeit und Narrativität in der deutschen Publizistik des Dreißigjährigen Krieges
Authors: Detering Nicolas
Published: December 2018

The article draws on recent conceptualizations of ›eventfulness‹ and ›narrativeness‹ in order to argue that the significance of a particular event during the Thirty Years’ War may be not only a product of historiographical narrativization, but the collective effort of contemporary news media. The battle of Lutzen (1632) illustrates how the weekly periodicals established a set of factual data from which broadsheets, pamphlets and serial chronicles could select and arrange information to construct the eventfulness of the battle.
Addenda et corrigenda à P. Attinger, A propos de ak «faire»
Authors: Attinger Pascal , Ceccarelli Manuel
Published: December 2018

The reader will find here an extensive addenda et corrigenda to P. Attinger, A propos de ak «faire» (II), ZA 95 (2005) 208–275. Only expressions that were not yet recorded in ZA 95 and relevant additions (new attestations of rare expressions, important discussions) have been taken into account. On the other hand, we have refrained from making additions to well-known expressions and from recording instances which were epigraphically or semantically too uncertain.
Lexical notes on Mari letters
Authors: Arkhipov Ilya
Published: December 2018

The present paper identifies new attestations for, and revises the meanings of, some rare words and expressions that appear mainly in Mari letters: baziʔitum ‘(a kind of) monkey’; bêšum ‘to explain, make clear’; ḫarāqum ‘to breach’; ina šārat waṣûm ‘to escape by a hair’s breadth’; kīsum ‘purse’; pāḫātum ‘responsibility’; rabbum ‘chief’; sagûm ‘to wander’; sakānum ‘to settle’; tabākum ‘to throw out’; tarākum ‘to hold aloft’.
„Ninurta-Duft“ oder: Von den Vorsichtsmaßnahmen, die ein mesopotamischer Heiler ergreifen sollte, bevor er einen erkrankten Patienten aufsuchte
Authors: Maul Stefan M.
Published: December 2018

Among the best preserved of the tablets found in the so-called “House of the Incantation Priest” in Assur numbers Tablet VAT 8803, already fired in antiquity, written by the healer Nabû-bēssun(u) in the early 7th century BCE. The accurate, archaising ductus of the script and the many triangular “firing holes” on the obverse, reverse, and side margins furnish this tablet, first published as KAR no. 31, with a striking physical appearance commensurate with its fundamental significance for ancient Near Eastern healing arts. In addition to instructions regarding the preparation and application of a salve which should provide the healer with the necessary sanitary protection when visiting invalids, the tablet also contains the wording of the concomitant exorcistic dicenda. A new edition of this text is here presented.
IM 148516 – Ein neues Abwehrzauberritual vor dem Mondgott
Authors: Fadhil Anmar Abdulillah
Published: December 2018

In 1979, the Directorate General of Antiquities of Iraq in Baghdad ordered the resumption of archaeological excavation in Assur within plan square hC/D/E8I, where Walter Andrae had discovered the so-called “House of the Incantation Priest” in the summer of 1908. More than 150 clay tablets and fragments were unearthed within several rooms, among these tablet IM 148516 which contains a new anti-witchcraft ritual conducted before the moon-god.
Neo-Assyrian Scribal Practices: The Editorial History of Ashurbanipal’s Prism F Inscription
Authors: Jeffers Joshua
Published: December 2018

Ashurbanipal’s Prism F inscription contains numerous variant traditions among its individual exemplars. In an article published in 1977, M. Cogan classified the more significant variants as independent recensions of the inscription. However, a reexamination of his seven recensional classes shows that there is in fact only one major recension of this inscription besides the main version of the text, with a few exemplars preserving two additional variant traditions in one episode. Furthermore, with respect to Prism F’s compositional history, an examination of this major recension suggests that it may have been the first version of the Prism F inscription that was then edited to become the main version of the text.
The Ewe that was a Scapegoat Bride: A New Look at the Hittite Bestiality Purification Ritual KUB 41, 11+
Authors: Gilan Amir
Published: December 2018

The ritual KUB 41, 11+ is known especially for its striking treatment of the purification of bestiality. This article challenges the common interpretation that the ritual involved a marriage between the sexual offender and the victimized sheep or goat, showing that no evidence suggests such a marriage. Instead, the ewe-bride motif may be interpreted as an elaborate variation on the scapegoat ritual genre, offering an interesting twist to the adornment of the scapegoat before it was sent away.
Ein Rollsiegel mit anatolischen Hieroglyphen aus Elbistan-Karahöyük
Authors: Alparslan Metin , Uysal Bora
Published: December 2018

In 2016, a cylinder seal with Anatolian hieroglyphs was found in the archaeological excavations at Elbistan-Karahöyük in the province of Kahramanmaraş. The cylinder seal was made of black stone and its inscription mentions three personal names. The hieroglyphic signs identify two names as male and one as female.
Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Metabolism and Performance During an Occupational Physical Ability Test for Federal Highway Police Officers
Authors: Marins Eduardo Frio , Cabistany Leo , Farias Charles , Dawes Jay , Del Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo
Published: December 2018

Marins, EF, Cabistany, L, Farias, CB, Dawes, J, and Del Vecchio, FB. Effects of personal protective equipment on metabolism and performance during an Occupational Physical Ability Test for Federal Highway Police officers. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1093–1102, 2020—Federal Highway Police (FHP) officers perform their duties while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Given the need for officers to wear PPE, it is important to understand the effects this additional load can have on occupational performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of load carriage on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses during an Occupational Physical Ability Test (OPAT). Thirteen male FHP officers completed an OPAT with PPE (WPPE, load = 12.0 kg) and without PPE (NPPE, load = 5.2 kg) in 2 separate sessions in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Metabolic responses (heart rate [HR] and its variability, and blood lactate concentration [Lac]), perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), and OPAT performance were measured. Paired t and Wilcoxon tests were used to identify differences between conditions, and 2-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc was performed to analyze the results of Lac between the conditions. Occupational Physical Ability Test completion time was significantly greater in the WPPE condition compared with the NPPE condition (125.9 ± 13.8 vs. 118.3 ± 11 seconds, p < 0.01). Lac after the OPAT was higher in the NPPE condition compared with the WPPE (respectively 11.7 ± 2.7 vs. 9.6 ± 1.5 mmol·L−1, p < 0.05). The HRmax (NPPE = 180.5 ± 8.9 vs. WPPE = 178.3 ± 6.6 b·min–1, p = 0.44) and RPE (NPPE = 8.6 ± 0.8 vs. WPPE = 8.7 ± 1.0, p = 0.77) were not different between conditions. Personal protective equipment reduces performance in specific occupational circuit, changing Lac but without affecting HR and RPE. Strength and conditioning programs for FHP should aim to reduce the negative impact of additional load associate with wearing PPE.
Use of Individual Relative Thresholds to Assess Acceleration in Young Soccer Players According to Initial Speed
Authors: Martínez-Cabrera Francisco I. , Núñez-Sánchez Francisco J. , Losada Jose , Otero-Esquina Carlos , Sánchez Hugo , De Hoyo Moisés
Published: December 2018

Martínez-Cabrera, FI, Núñez-Sánchez, FJ, Losada, J, Otero-Esquina, C, Sánchez, H, and De Hoyo, M. Use of individual relative thresholds to assess acceleration in young soccer players according to initial speed. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1110–1118, 2021—The aims of the current study were (a) to analyze the characteristics of acceleration efforts using individual relative thresholds according to the initial speed during official matches in elite young soccer players according to player position and (b) to compare the differences between absolute and relative thresholds in assessing high-intensity acceleration. Player acceleration profiles were assessed using an individual relative threshold based on their acceleration capacity at different initial speeds (standing, 6, 10.8, and 15 km·h−1), and the number of accelerations (>75% of the maximal acceleration) performed during soccer matches was divided into 3 categories attending to the initial speed. (S1 = 0–7 km·h−1; S2 = 7.1–14 km·h−1; and S3 = ≥14.1 km·h−1). Within-group analyses showed that the number of accelerations performed in each category was higher when the effort started from a static or walking position than at moderate- or high-intensity running (S1 > S2 > S3; very likely to almost certain). Between-group analyses revealed substantial differences between some playing positions according to initial speed. In S1 and S3, central defenders had the lowest number of accelerations (likely to almost certain), whereas midfielders had the greatest number of high-intensity accelerations in S1 and S2. There were also substantial differences between the other playing positions (possibly to almost certain). Regarding relative and absolute thresholds (>3 m·s−2), the results showed that absolute threshold overestimated the number of high-intensity accelerations compared with the individual relative threshold in S1 and underestimated the results in S2 and S3 (almost certain). The use of an individual relative threshold to measure acceleration demands allows to distinguish between the numbers of accelerations in function of the initial speed and playing positions. In addition, the absolute acceleration threshold could overestimate or underestimate the acceleration demands in young soccer players as a function of the initial speed. Then, the absolute acceleration thresholds should be taken with caution in the assessment of acceleration activities.
A New Physical Model for Studying Flow Direction and Other Influencing Parameters on the Internal Erosion of Soils
Authors: Pachideh Vahid , Mir Mohammad Hosseini S. Majdeddin
Published: December 2018

In internal erosion studies, the effect of seepage flow direction in soil and soil layers has received little attention. However, in geotechnical structures, such as earth dams or even natural deposits, the flow may not be perpendicular to the layers or in line with the gravity. Hence, in this article, a special physical model is introduced with both the possibility of changing the flow angles relative to the direction of gravity and the possibility of studying heterogeneous specimens in internal erosion. In addition, the effect of flow direction, inclination of layers, and plasticity index on the internal erosion (suffusion) of gap-graded soil with two types of fines, bentonite and rock flour, has been tested and analyzed. Additionally, a new method for specimen preparation of the gap-grading soils called the “ideal moisture content method” has been presented. Based on the results, the greater the angle of the flow vector is in relation to the direction of gravity; the occurrence and continuation of erosion takes place in higher gradients. Furthermore, in general, in the case of layers perpendicular to the flow, the rate of flow discharge and amount of the eroded particles in the same conditions are less than those of layers parallel with the flow. Moreover, layer direction affects the shape of pipes created because of the erosion.
Measuring Six-Degree-of-Freedom Movements of Buried Objects in Soil Using a Magnetometer
Authors: Gerkus Hande , Lai Ying , Senanayake Asitha , Gilbert Robert B. , Huang Yunhan , Giampa Joseph R. , Bradshaw Aaron S.
Published: December 2018

Measuring the six-degree-of-freedom movement of objects in soil can provide valuable information about geotechnical performance. Existing technology for monitoring six-degree-of-freedom movements can be cumbersome because it typically relies on a combination of multiple devices that each measure one or two degrees of freedom. A magnetometer is an innovative piece of technology to measure the entire six-degree-of-freedom movement of an object in soil in real time. The equipment consists of a source that generates an electromagnetic field and one or more sensors that can detect their location and orientation versus time based on the characteristics they sense about this field. A commercially available magnetometer with a maximum distance of 1.5 m between the sensor and source has been used to conduct a variety of laboratory tests on scaled models of offshore anchors that move through soil when loaded. These tests demonstrate the versatility and potential of using magnetometers to monitor the performance of foundations, retention systems, pipelines, and slopes.