bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple model to study some properties of H trapped in solids
Authors: Marin J. L. , Campoy G. , Riera R.
Published: April 2003

A simple model for the hydrogen atom trapped in a crystalline matrix is presented in this work. The model assumes the atom to be confined within a spherical cavity with impenetrable walls and the nucleus placed off the center of symmetry of the confining sphere. Because the corresponding Schrödinger equation for this system is nonseparable, we use a variational approach to study some physical properties such as the binding energy, dipole moment, and hyperfine splitting. Despite the crudeness of this model, some experimental data recently reported can be accounted, at least on qualitative grounds, thus giving some reliability to our proposal. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 93: 271–274, 2003
Expression and functional characterization of a melatonin‐sensitive receptor in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Fischer Bernhard , Muβhoff Ulrich , Fauteck Jan-Dirk , Madeja Michael , Wittkowski Werner , Speckmann Erwin-Josef
Published: April 2003

Melatonin (MEL) plays a central role in the regulation of seasonal cycles and in the control of circadian rhythms in mammals. Functional MEL‐sensitive receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes following injection of poly (A)+ RNA from rat brain. Administration of 0.1–100 μmol/l MEL to voltage‐clamped oocytes (holding potential: −70 mV) elicited oscillatory inward currents (reversal potential: −24 mV) which could be blocked by 9‐anthracenecarboxylic acid and caffeine. After preincubation with pertussis toxin (PTX) the MEL response disappeared. The expressed MEL‐sensitive receptor probably activates Ca2+‐dependent chloride currents via a PTX‐sensitive G protein and the phosphoinositol pathway.
Mapping of DNA‐binding proteins along the yeast genome by UV‐induced DNA‐protein crosslinking
Authors: Papatsenko D.A. , Priporova I.V. , Belikov S.V. , Karpov V.L.
Published: April 2003

UV‐induced crosslinking of DNA‐binding proteins to DNA in intact nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequent ‘protein image’ hybridization were applied to map non‐histone proteins along single‐copy genes of yeast. We detected two polypeptides that most probably correspond to core subunits of yeast RNA‐polymerase II in the coding region of transketolase gene (TKL2). Several non‐histone proteins were also detected which bind to the upstream region of TKL2 gene, and to the intergenic spacer between calmodulin (CMD1) and β‐mannosyl transferase (ALG1) genes.
Conformation of surface exposed N‐terminus part of bacteriorhodopsin studied by transferred NOE technique
Authors: Pashkov Vladimir S. , Balashova Tamara A. , Zhemaeva Ljubov V. , Sikilinda Nina N. , Kutuzov Michail A. , Abdulaev Najmoutin G. , Arseniev Alexander S.
Published: April 2003

Interaction of the monoclonal antibody A5 raised against native bacteriorhodopsin (BR) with the synthetic peptide pGlu1‐Ala‐Gln‐Ile‐Thr‐Gly‐Arg7‐NH2, corresponding to the amino acid sequence 1–7 was studied by transferred nuclear Overhauser effect (TRNOE) spectroscopy. The denaturing reagents and the specially designed pulse sequences which eliminate broad signals from the TRNOE spectra were used to favour evaluation of the TRNOE peaks. On the basis of the data obtained, the conformation of peptide bound with A5 was calculated. A model of the mutual arrangement of bacteriorhodopsin N‐terminus and the first transmembrane α‐helical segment 8–32 was proposed.
Chromosomal localization and expression pattern of the RNase L inhibitor gene
Authors: Aubry Florence , Mattéi Marie-Geneviève , Barque Jean-Philippe , Galibert Francis
Published: April 2003

2–5A‐Dependent RNase (RNase L), an important component of the 2–5A pathway, is directly implicated in the molecular mechanism of interferon action. We have cloned and sequenced following immunoscreening, a full‐length cDNA that encodes the RNase L inhibitor (RLI). Northern blot analysis from a variety of human tissues revealed that two transcript forms (3.8 kb and 2.4 kb) are ubiquitously expressed but differences in levels of expression suggest a tissue‐specific regulation. The RLI gene was localized to locus 4q31 by in situ hybridization indicating that this gene and other enzymes of the 2–5A pathway are not organized in cluster in the human genome.
A new human gene KCNRG encoding potassium channel regulating protein is a cancer suppressor gene candidate located in 13q14.3
Authors: Ivanov D.V. , Tyazhelova T.V. , Lemonnier L. , Kononenko N. , Pestova A.A. , Nikitin E.A. , Prevarskaya N. , Skryma R. , Panchin Y.V. , Yankovsky N.K. , Baranova A.V.
Published: April 2003

We report the primary characterization of a new gene KCNRG mapped at chromosome band 13q14.3. This gene includes three exons and has two alternatively spliced isoforms that are expressed in normal tissues and in some tumor cell lines. Protein KCNRG has high homology to tetramerization domain of voltage‐gated K+ channels. Using the patch‐clamp technique we determined that KCNRG suppresses K+ channel activity in human prostate cell line LNCaP. It is known that selective blockers of K+ channels suppress lymphocyte and LNCaP cell line proliferation. We suggest that KCNRG is a candidate for a B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prostate cancer tumor suppressor gene.
Functional reassembly of the anion transport domain of human red cell band 3 (AE1) from multiple and non‐complementary fragments
Authors: Groves Jonathan D. , Wang Lin , Tanner Michael J.A.
Published: April 2003

We constructed cDNA clones encoding N‐terminal, C‐terminal and internal polypeptide fragments of the human red cell anion exchanger (band 3; AE1). The internal fragments comprised between one and seven putative transmembrane spans with two or more spans deleted from both termini of the membrane domain of band 3. Sets of three, four or five complementary fragments, which together represented the complete amino acid sequence of the membrane domain, were co‐expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Stilbene disulphonate‐sensitive chloride uptake assays revealed that all six of the three‐fragment combinations and two of the four‐fragment combinations reassembled functionally in vivo. Unexpectedly, co‐expression of a non‐complementary pair of fragments comprising the first five and last seven putative transmembrane spans (i.e. entirely lacking spans six and seven) was also found to be sufficient to generate stilbene disulphonate‐sensitive chloride uptake.
GTP analogue hydrolysis by the Gs protein: implication for the role of catalytic glutamine in the GTPase reaction
Authors: Zor Tsaffrir , Andorn Ronit , Sofer Ilya , Chorev Michael , Selinger Zvi
Published: April 2003

© 1988 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
T4 DNA ligase synthesizes dinucleoside polyphosphates
Authors: Madrid Olga , Martín Daniel , Atencia Eva Ana , Sillero Antonio , Günther Sillero María A.
Published: April 2003

T4 DNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.1), one of the most widely used enzymes in genetic engineering, transfers AMP from the E‐AMP complex to tripolyphosphate, ADP, ATP, GTP or dATP producing p4A, Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap4G and Ap4dA, respectively. Nicked DNA competes very effectively with GTP for the synthesis of Ap4G and, conversely, tripolyphosphate (or GTP) inhibits the ligation of DNA by the ligase. As T4 DNA ligase has similar requirements for ATP as the mammalian DNA ligase(s), the latter enzyme(s) could also synthesize dinucleoside polyphosphates. The present report may be related to the recent finding that human Fhit (fragile histidine triad) protein, encoded by the FHIT putative tumor suppressor gene, is a typical dinucleoside 5′,5″‐P1,P3‐triphosphate (Ap3A) hydrolase (EC 3.6.1.29).
Production of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide by synovial fibroblasts in human osteoarthritis
Authors: Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Horiuchi Toshiyuki , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Inoue Hideo , Takayanagi Hiroshi , Nishikawa Takuji , Yamamoto Seizo , Koshihira Yasuko
Published: April 2003

Synovial fibroblasts from patients with osteoarthritis in culture produced parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) on treatment with phorbol ester (TPA) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The levels of PTHrP immunoreactivity in the conditioned medium of synovial fibroblast cultures were measured using specific PTHrP antibody. The maximum production was obtained at a concentration of 10−8 M and 24 h after TPA treatment. But sensitivity to TPA of synovial fibroblasts differed among four patients from slight to marked. PTHrP production was also induced with inflammatory cytokines, such as 1 ng/ml of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and 10−6 M prostaglandin E2, after 24 h treatment. The expression of PTHrP was confirmed by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Since the synovial fibroblasts isolated from osteoarthritic patients produce high levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8, typical cytokines produced in synovial fibroblasts, production of PTHrP may provide new insight into the pathophysiology of joint disorder.
Announcing the winner of the IJGO Prize Paper Award for 1999
Authors: Guidozzi F
Published: April 2003

Objective: To determine whether estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) adversely affected outcome of breast cancer survivors. Method: A prospective descriptive study of all breast cancer survivors who requested ERT because of intractable menopausal symptoms. All patients presented voluntarily as gynecological outpatients and were all given oral continuous opposed ERT: 20 premarin and medroxyprogesterone and four tibolone. Results: Twenty‐four patients who had previously been treated for breast cancer 8–91 months prior to their initiating ERT have been observed for 24–44 months. There were 15 patients with stage 1, eight with stage 2 and one with stage 4 breast cancer. The mean age of the patients at commencement of ERT was 48 years (range 42–161). Two patients had a biopsy of a suspicious breast nodule: both of which were benign. There have not been any recurrences to date. Conclusion: Breast cancer survivors did not have their outcome adversely affected by ERT during an observation period of 24–44 months.
Ultrasound guided aspiration of endometrioma — a new therapeutic modality to improve reproductive outcome
Authors: Mittal S , Kumar S , Kumar A , Verma A
Published: April 2003

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and reproductive outcome following ultrasound guided aspiration (UGA) of endometrioma in infertile patients. Method: This is a prospective non‐randomized clinical report of UGA in 22 infertile patients with endometrioma. The aspiration of endometriotic cysts was carried out transvaginally in nine and transabdominally in 13 patients. Following aspiration intranasal buserilin was given to eight and danazol to 14 patients. In the case of recurrence a reaspiration was done. Patients were allowed to conceive following medical therapy. Recurrence of endometrioma and conception rate was recorded and correlated with endometrioma size and volume aspirated. Result: A total of 47 aspirations were done. There were no procedure related complications. Reaspiration was required in six patients and one was operated (total recurrence 7/22 — 31.8%). During a mean follow‐up of 20±8.4 months nine patients (40.9%) conceived and eight have already delivered at term. The recurrence risk and the conception rate was not affected by the cyst size or volume aspirated. Conclusion: UGA of endometrioma can be an effective and safe alternative therapeutic procedure in infertile patients with endometrioma to improve their reproductive outcome.
Hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasonography in postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding
Authors: Garuti G , Sambruni I , Cellani F , Garzia D , Alleva P , Luerti M
Published: April 2003

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasonography (TU), based on a histopathological report from endometrial specimens, in diagnosing endometrial pathology in menopausal women with uterine bleeding. Methods: Four‐hundred and nineteen postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding underwent TU, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Hysteroscopic and sonographic findings have been evaluated on the basis of the final diagnosis established by histologic examination. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of TU at an endometrial thickness cut‐off point of 4 and 8 mm (double layer technique) and of panoramic hysteroscopy have been detected. Results: Normal and abnormal endometrium was found in 222 and in 197 women, respectively. TU showed sensitivity of 95.1%, specificity of 54.8% and positive predictive value of 63.7% at a cut‐off limit of 4 mm. With a cut‐off limit of 8 mm the corresponding figures were 83.8%, 81.3% and 79.4%. Hysteroscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.5%, specificity of 93.6% and positive predictive value of 92.6%. The combination of the two diagnostic tools showed a 100% sensitivity, 94.8% specificity and 93.3% positive predictive value. Conclusions: With cut‐off limit of 4 mm, TU can be considered the first choice modality of endometrial investigation in women with postmenopausal uterine bleeding to select patients at risk to carry endometrial pathology. Hysteroscopy is a more accurate technique than TU because of better specificity and must be indicated for all patients showing an endometrial strip more than 4 mm. When an endometrial thickness below 4 mm is detected by ultrasound, hysteroscopy may be indicated on clinical background because of the possibility to miss infrequent (2.5% in our series), but relevant endometrial pathologies. Endometrial sampling should follow hysteroscopic view in all cases showing abnormal or suspicious lesions as well as in all cases with irregularly shaped endometrial lining and/or suboptimal endoscopic vision.
Human rights and abortion laws
Authors: Cook R.J , Dickens B.M
Published: April 2003

Human rights protections have developed to resist governmental intrusion in private life and choices. Abortion laws have evolved in legal practice to protect not fetuses as such but state interests, particularly in prenatal life. National and international tribunals are increasingly called upon to resolve conflicts between state enforcement of continuation of pregnancy against women's wishes and women's reproductive choices. Legal recognition that human life begins at conception does not resolve conflicts between respect due to women's reproductive self‐determination and due to prenatal life. Human rights protect healthcare providers' claims to conscientious objection, but not at the cost of women's lives and enduring health.
Molecular prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in Taiwan
Authors: Chern Schu‐Rern , Chen Chih‐Ping
Published: April 2003

Objective: Thalassemia is a highly prevalent genetic disorder in Taiwan. The major goal of this study was to present a feasible protocol for the prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia. Method: Prenatal investigation of thalassemia was performed on 57 at‐risk cases at the Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. We developed a method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high‐throughput DNA sequencing to detect mutations. All diagnoses were confirmed after delivery. Result: Prenatal testing revealed 16 normal fetuses, 24 α‐thal‐1 carriers, eight Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis, seven β‐thalassemia minor, and two β‐thalassemia major fetuses. No false‐positive or false‐negative cases were found during the postnatal follow‐ups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes in Taiwan is successful with the use of a rapid and accurate molecular method.
Long-term, predation-based control of a central-west North Sea zooplankton community
Authors: Clark Robin A , Frid Chris L.J , Nicholas Kirsty R
Published: April 2003

Long-term monitoring of the zooplankton community at a station 5.5 miles from the English coast in the central-west North Sea has been performed since 1968. Analyses of these data have revealed an inverse relationship between annual total zooplankton abundance and the position of the Gulf Stream North Wall (GSNW). This long-term relationship is opposite to the long-term positive association observed between the GSNW and total zooplankton abundances throughout most of the oceanic NE Atlantic region and the northern and central North Sea using Continuous Plankton Recorder data.

This study investigates the mechanism behind the inverse relationship with the GSNW, focussing on the importance of zooplankton predators in influencing long-term changes in the zooplankton community of the central-west North Sea. The results suggest that the dominant zooplankton predator Sagitta elegans plays a key role in mediating spring copepod population growth rates and thus their maximum and overall productivity during any one particular year. In turn, the abundance of Sagitta during the spring appears to be related to climatic factors. The implications of this on the zooplankton community are discussed.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors yield additional antiplatelet protection in patients with congestive heart failure treated with antecedent aspirin
Authors: Serebruany V.L. , Glassman A.H. , Malinin A.I. , Atar D. , Sane D.C. , Oshrine B.R. , Ferguson J.J. , O'Connor C.M.
Published: April 2003

Clinical depression has been identified as an independent risk factor for increased mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Enhanced platelet activity has been suggested as the mechanism responsible for this adverse association. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to inhibit platelets in patients undergoing coronary stenting. We sought to determine whether concomitant therapy with SSRIs would yield additional anti‐platelet benefit in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) already treated with antecedent aspirin. A total of 88 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% or CHF symptoms in the setting of preserved systolic function and NYHA Class II–IV were analyzed. Of these, 23 patients (26%) were chronic SSRI users (SSRI+), and 65 patients were free from SSRI therapy (SSRI−). All patients received aspirin (325 mg) for at least 1 month prior to platelet studies. Platelets were assessed by aggregometry, flow cytometry and a rapid analyzer. The SSRI+ group exhibited a substantial decrease in platelet activity when compared with SSRI− patients, as manifested by a significant reduction in ADP‐ (P=0.001), and collagen‐induced (P=0.02) aggregation, and the expression of PECAM‐1 (P=0.03), GPIb (P=0.03), GP IIb/IIIa antigen (P=0.02) and GP IIb/IIIa activity with PAC‐1 antibody (P=0.04) and P‐selectin (P=0.02). Therapy with SSRIs also resulted in the reduced formation of platelet–leukocyte microparticles (P=0.01). Epinephrine‐induced aggregation in plasma, collagen‐induced whole blood aggregation, closure time and expression of vitronectin receptor, CD63, CD107a, CD107b and CD151 did not differ between groups. In patients with CHF already on aspirin, SSRI therapy was associated with further inhibition of platelet function. This observation may help to explain some of the clinical benefits associated with SSRI therapy. Further clinical trials may help to elucidate the potential outcome benefits of SSRIs in other potential thrombotic circumstances.
Primary Lymphoma of the Liver: Clinical–Pathological Features and Relationship With Hcv Infection in French Patients
Authors: Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Bineau Catherine , Feugier Pierre , Hermine Olivier , Brousse Nicole , Oberti Frédéric , Rousselet Marie-Christine , Dharancy Sébastien , Gaulard Philippe , Flejou Jean-François , Cazals-Hatem Dominique , Labouyrie Eric
Published: April 2003

Primary lymphoma of the liver (PLL) is rare. In some cases, the hepatic lymphoma has been diagnosed in patients who were infected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It has been suggested that HCV plays a role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. The aim of our multicentric retrospective study was to assess the characteristics of PLL and to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in PLL. Thirty–one immunocompetent patients (anti–human immunodeficiency virus, anti–human T–cell leukemia/lymphoma virus negative, no history of allograft) with PLL fulfilled the entire selection criteria. The liver biopsy specimens were reassessed by the same pathologist. The non–Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified according to the World Health Organization classification. Blood samples were tested in 28 patients for antibodies to HCV, and HCV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the majority of cases, the clinical, biologic, and radiologic data were nonspecific. Twenty–seven of 31 patients presented a B–cell lymphoma corresponding to the centroblastic morphologic variant of a diffuse, large B–cell lymphoma (22 cases), a Burkitt's lymphoma (1 case), an extranodal marginal zone B–cell lymphoma of mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue type (3 cases), and unclassified, small B–cell lymphoma (1 case). The 4 other cases were T–cell lymphomas. The prevalence of HCV infection was 21% (6 of 28 cases). All of these patients were positive for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in blood. Most of the HCV–infected patients presented a high–grade, B–cell type lymphoma. In conclusion, our study confirms the rarity of PLL and demonstrates an increased prevalence of HCV infection. (Hepatology 2003;37:781–787).
Nutritional influences on some major enteric bacterial diseases of pig
Authors: Pluske John R , Pethick David W , Hopwood Deborah E , Hampson David J
Published: April 2003

There are several enteric bacterial diseases and conditions of pigs that require control to prevent overt disease, to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to improve the efficiency of production. Traditionally, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and producers have relied upon antibiotics and minerals (for example, ZnO, CuSO4) in diets for a large part of this control. However, recent trends, particularly in Europe, are to reduce antimicrobial use and seek alternative or replacement strategies for controlling enteric bacterial diseases. The majority of these strategies rely on ‘nutrition’, taken in its broadest sense, to reduce the susceptibility of pigs to these diseases. Evidence to date suggests that specific dietary interventions, for example feeding very highly-digestible diets based on cooked white rice, can reduce the proliferation of a number of specific enteric bacterial infections, such as post-weaning colibacillosis. No simple and universal way to reduce susceptibility to pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract has been identified, and the underlying basis for many of the reported positive effects of ‘nutrition’ on controlling enteric infections lacks robust, scientific understanding. This makes it difficult to recommend dietary guidelines to prevent or reduce enteric bacterial diseases. Furthermore, some diseases, such as porcine intestinal spirochaetosis caused byBrachyspira pilosicoli, are sometimes associated with other pathogens (co-infections). In such cases, each pathogen might have different nutrient requirements, ecological niches and patterns of metabolism for which a variety of dietary interventions are needed to ameliorate the disease. Greater understanding of how ‘nutrition’ influences gut epithelial biology and immunobiology, and their interactions with both commensal and pathogenic bacteria, holds promise as a means of tackling enteric disease without antimicrobial agents. In addition, it is important to consider the overall system (i.e. management, housing, welfare) of pig production in the context of controlling enteric bacterial diseases.
Exploring the potentialities of export processing free zones (EPZs) for economic development in Africa: lessons from Mauritius
Authors: Kinunda‐Rutashobya Lettice
Published: April 2003

This paper explores the potentiality of export processing zones (EPZs) as a development strategy for Sub‐Saharan African countries using the Mauritian EPZ model as a case study. In the literature positive relationships between export expansion and economic growth and between EPZs and export growth have been found in developing countries. Export‐oriented strategy is particularly important for developing countries given their dependency on foreign countries for most of their key inputs and technologies required in their production. Our findings suggest that EPZs can play a crucial role in the economic and social development of a country. Also that EPZs’ success may be greater if they are implemented as part of an overall trade‐oriented reform programme aimed at opening up the whole country rather than treating them as enclaves. Comprehensive incentives are required. The Mauritian EPZ experience thus provides good lessons to other Sub‐Saharan African countries pursuing economic reforms.
The structural adjustment programme and marketing in the manufacturing industry in Nigeria
Authors: Iyanda Olukunle
Published: April 2003

This paper is a study of the effect of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) on marketing practices of manufacturing industry in Nigeria. Data for the study were collected through a questionnaire and depth interview of chief executives or senior managers. The data were analysed on a “before” and “after” basis using a Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test. The major findings of the study were that manufacturing industries: adjusted only their marketing operations, not their production structure; attained higher sales, productivity and profitability; did not increase their exports, use of local materials, or employment. The study concluded that SAP was not capable of achieving the objectives envisaged because of the underdeveloped characteristics of the economy. It recommended a more fundamental re‐engineering of the economy in order to achieve the desired objectives.
Pansystems relativity: panorama and further investigations
Authors: Dinghe Guo , Xuemou Wu
Published: April 2003

A new expression of the panorama of pansystems relativity is stated. Some modes and related principles or applications are developed. Concrete contents include: new forms of the framework 784e of pansystems theory and its connections with relativity. The paper introduces eight classes of relativity topics, and further research presents many new models of pansystems relativity such as: 23456R, super‐23456R, SSOS, SOMERQ, pansystems dialectics, clustering quotient, field‐net, meta‐topology, image‐boundary, cognition and practice, thinking experiment, etc. These modes present some new understanding to systems, society, methodology, epistemology, wisdom, psychology, hi‐tech, paradox, anthropology, ego, literature, arts, poetics and aesthetics, etc. There are 60 or more related references listed in the paper.
Police officers on two‐officer units
Authors: del Carmen Alejandro , Guevara Lori
Published: April 2003

Presents results of a study which examined 50 US police officers perceptions regarding performance, applicability, effectiveness and safety issues when assigned to two‐officer units, compared with a one‐officer unit, for patrol operations in an urban setting. Half the group comprised an experimental area’s two‐officer units and half comprised a control area’s one‐officer units. It was found that officers generally agreed they would perform the same whether they were in a one‐ or two‐officer patrol car; that two‐officer units should be used at night and in areas where people mistrust the police, that two‐officer units could observe more than a single officer and respond more quickly to calls. However, most officers disagreed that two one‐officer cars could accomplish twice as much as one two‐officer car and that officers are more likely to be injured in two‐officer cars then in one‐officer cars. Notes the possibility of distractions, misunderstandings or disagreements taking place between partners sharing a vehicle for eight hours, as well as intrusion of privacy into an officer’s role/duty as a police officer.
Evaluation of the Effects of Strain-Specific Antigen Variation on the Accuracy of Serologic Diagnosis of
Helicobacter pylori
Infection
Authors: Marchildon Patrice A. , Sugiyama Toshiro , Fukada Yoshihiro , Peacock Jeffrey S. , Asaka Masahiro , Shimoyama Takashi , Graham David Y.
Published: April 2003

It has been suggested that enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits validated in one region may yield variable diagnostic performance results in different regions, possibly due to strain-specific differences in antibody responses in different populations. We tested
13
C-urea breath test-characterized serum samples from 109 U.S. patients and 288 Japanese patients using enzyme immunoassay with different preparations of high-molecular-weight cell-associated (HM-CAP) antigens that are conserved across
Helicobacter pylori
strains. Replicate antigens were prepared from five
H. pylori
clinical isolates. Eight antigen preparations were evaluated: two of U.S. origin and six of Japanese origin. The accuracies achieved with the eight antigen preparations ranged from 94.4 to 96.3% with the U.S. samples. With the Japanese samples the accuracies achieved ranged from 92.3 to 97.2%. Use of a pool of HM-CAP antigens prepared from isolates from Japan resulted in a higher median enzyme immunoassay value and slightly fewer samples with indeterminate results compared to the results obtained by use of the U.S. standard HM-CAP antigen for
H. pylori
-positive patients (accuracies, 97.2 and 92.3%, respectively), suggesting that variations in performance between both antigen source and patient population might be reduced by using antigens pooled from several strains.
Molecular Analysis of
Staphylococcus aureus
Blood Isolates Shows Lack of Polyclonal Bacteremia
Authors: Khatib Riad , Sharma Mamta , Naqvi S. Anwar H. , Riederer Kathleen , Almoujahed Mohammed O. , Fakih Mohamad G.
Published: April 2003

Molecular analysis of the first blood culture from 41 patients with
Staphylococcus aureus
bacteremia and 20 bacteremia-associated catheter tip isolates revealed indistinguishable blood colonies in 39 patients (95.1%) and two related variants in two patients (4.9%). Polyclonal bacteremia was not observed in any patient, including four with genetic diversity in the catheter tip isolate.
Survival of Six Auxotypes of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in Transport Media
Authors: Wade J. J. , Graver M. A.
Published: April 2003

The survival in transport media of 30 strains of gonococci was determined. These strains comprised five distinguishable strains of each of six auxotypes. Survival of different auxotypes varied significantly, but this variability was reduced by charcoal. Delayed swab processing could yield isolates unrepresentative of those causing infection in a sampled patient population.
NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Thialene (Cyclopenta[b]thiapyran) and Isothialene (Cyclopenta[c]thiapyran)
Authors: Klein Robert F. X. , Horák Václav , Anderson Arthur G.
Published: April 2003

1H and 13C NMR spectral parameters are reported for the S-pseudoazulenes thialene (cyclopenta[b]thiapyran) (I) and isothialene (cyclopenta[c]thiapyran) (II). Both compounds display complex first order spectra, with thialene having 10 and isothialene 14 of 15 possible coupling constants. Complete unambiguous assignments of all protons and non-quaternary carbons were made via 2-dimensional NMR techniques and PPP-SCF π-electron density/chemical shift and π-bond order/vicinal coupling constant correlations.
Preparation of 2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl Substituted Isoxazolidines
Authors: Jarošková Libuše , Fišera Lubor
Published: April 2003

Within the scope of our research aimed at utilization of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of heterocycles as well to pesticide programme we report the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of C-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N-phenylnitrone to some alkenes and partially saturated heterocycles.
Study of the Equilibria in the MCl2-H2O-ROH Systems (M = Co, Ni; ROH = CH3OH, C2H5OH) at 25 °C
Authors: Stoev Mitko D. , Zlateva Ivanka
Published: April 2003

The solubility isotherms of CoCl2-H2O-CH3OH (C2H5OH) and NiCl2-H2O-CH3OH (C2H5OH) systems at 25 °C have been studied. Crystallization fields of the equilibrium existence of the salts CoCl2 . 6 H2O, CoCl2 . 2 H2O, CoCl2 . 2 CH3OH, CoCl2 . 2.5 C2H5OH, NiCl2 . 6 H2O, NiCl2 . 4 H2O, NiCl2 . 2 H2O, NiCl2 . 3 CH3OH and NiCl2 . 2 C2H5OH have been found. The dehydratation solubility processes of the studied systems have been discussed.
Novel Syntheses of Tricyclic, N-Aryl, Pyridine- and Pyrazine-Fused Pyrimidones
Authors: Friary Richard , McPhail Andrew T. , Seidl Vera
Published: April 2003

2-methylthio-2-imidazoline and 2-methylthio-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidine amidated 2-chloro-3-pyridine- and 2-chloro-3-pyrazinecarbonyl chlorides. The products reacted with aromatic amines forming a series of tricyclic, linearly fused N-aryl pyrimidones. Included among these pyrimidones were 10-aryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5(10H)-ones, 11-aryl-2,3,4,11-tetrahydropyrido-[2,3-d]pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6(6H)-ones, 10-aryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazino[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5(10H)-ones and 11-aryl-2,3,4,11-tetrahydropyrimido-[1,2-a]pyrazino[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6(6H)-ones. 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-2-(mythylthio)-1H-1,3-diazepine amidated the ethyl hydrogen carbonate of 2-(phenylamino)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, forming 12-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[1,2-a][1,3]diazepine-7(12H)-one. A single crystal X-ray analysis and an unambiguous synthesis established the structure of the linearly fused isomer 10-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5(10H)-one.
General Method of Preparation of N-[(S)-(3-Hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)] Derivatives of Heterocyclic Bases
Authors: Alexander Petr , Holý Antonín
Published: April 2003

Reaction of (R)-1-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-1,2,3-propanetriol (IV) with N-trimethylacetylimidazole (II) afforded (R)-1-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-3-O-trimethyacetyl-1,2,3-propanetriol (V) which was reacted with dimethoxymethane in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide to give (R)-2-O-methoxymethyl-1-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-3-O-trimethyacetyl-1,2,3-propanetriol (VI). Compound VI was treated with acetic anhydride and boron trifluoride etherate and the obtained 2-acetoxy derivative VII reacted with bromotrimethylsilane to give the intermediary bromomethyl ether VIII. Compound VIII on reaction with tris(2-propyl) phosphite afforded (R)-2-O-bis(2-propyl)phosphonomethyl-1-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-3-O-trimethyacetyl-1,2,3-propanetriol (IX). Condensation of synthon IX with sodium salts of adenine, 2,6-diaminopurine, or with cytosine, 6-azacytosine or 2-chloroadenine in the presence of cesium carbonate, afforded fully protected diesters X and XIIIb which on methanolysis and reaction with bromotrimethylsilane gave N-[(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)] derivatives of adenine (XIa), 2- chloroadenine (XIb), 2,6-diaminopurine (XIc), cytosine (XIVa) and 6-azacytosine (XIVb). In an analogous reaction, sodium salt of 4-methoxy-2-pyrimidone reacted with compound IX to give an intermediate XIIIa which on treatment with methanolic ammonia and subsequent deblocking under the same conditions also afforded the cytosine derivative XIVa. Sodium salt of 2-amino-6-chloropurine was in this way converted into the corresponding 2-aminopurine derivative XVIII. Deprotection of this compound gave 9-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)-2-aminopurine (XIX).
1-(Oxoalkyl)-3,7,8-trialkyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones
Authors: Rybár Alfonz , Turčáni Peter , Alföldi Juraj
Published: April 2003

1-(2-Oxopropyl)-, 1-(3-oxobutyl)-, and 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3,7,8-trialkyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones (Ia -Xa, Ib - Xb, and Ic - Xc, respectively) were prepared by alkylation of alkali metal salts of 3,7,8-trialkyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones XI - XX to methyl vinyl ketone. The effect of the final compounds I - X on aggregation of thrombocytes and erythrocytes was investigated.
Preparation of Some Thio Derivatives of Pyridinecarbothioamides
Authors: Klimešová Věra
Published: April 2003

Within the framework of antituberculous research of pyridine derivatives we were also interested in the preparation of alkylthioderivatives, that were further transformed into corresponding pyridinecarbothioamides.
Acid Hydrolysis of the Diaquacyanoethylenediamine-Nitrosylchromium Cation and Its Reactions with Mercury(II) and Silver(I) Ions
Authors: Rievaj Miroslav , Korgová Elena , Bustin Dušan
Published: April 2003

Preparation of the [Cr(H2O)2CN (en) NO]+ ion in solution by acid hydrolysis of [CrH2O(CN)2 (en) NO] including its ion exchange separation is described. The polarographic properties of [Cr(H2O)2CN (en) NO]+ as well as the kinetics of its acid hydrolysis were studied. Reactions of this complex with Hg(II) and Ag(I) were investigated and binuclear and trinuclear adducts were found to form. Linkage isomerization of the bridging cyanide in such adducts is deduced from their electrochemical properties. The spontaneous isomerization of the unstable isomer with the Cr-NC bond to the stable isomer with the Cr-CN bond was followed after its liberation by a competitive complexation of Hg(II) with excess iodide. The kinetics of decomposition of the adducts with Hg(II) was measured to examine the influence of H+ and Hg(II) concentrations.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of 2-(5-R-2-Furylmethylene)-3-oxobutanenitriles
Authors: Marchalín Štefan , Mamani Lucy Nieves Hinojosa , Ilavský Dušan , Prónayová Naďa , Leško Ján
Published: April 2003

Substituted 2-(5-R-2-furylmrthylene-3-oxobutanenitriles IIa - IIIl were obtained by condensation of the corresponding 5-R-furaldhydes Ia - Il with 3-amino-2-butenenitrile in acid medium. Relation between the structure and spectral properties (NMR, IR, UV, MS) is presented and the influence of substituents in position 5 of the furan ring on the conjugated 2-furylethylene system is discussed.
Synthesis of Some New Pyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-b]quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Bakhite Etify A. , Abbady Mohamed S. , Radwan Shaban M.
Published: April 2003

In this paper we report the synthesis of some new pyrimidines fused with thienoquinoline moiety.
Efficient Method for Aziridination of Olefines
Authors: Hogale Madhukar B. , Chavan Pravina B.
Published: April 2003

New method for aziridination of olefinic esters is described.
Topological Aspects of Chemical Reactivity. Electron Correlation in the Course of Chemical Reactions
Authors: Ponec Robert , Strnad Martin
Published: April 2003

The second order similarity index gRP, which has been proposed recently as a new means for a qualitative characterization of correlation effects in chemical reactivity, was generalized by incorporation into a topological model of the overlap determinant method. The resulting approach, which provides information about the variation of electron correlation during chemical reactions, was applied to the investigation of several selected pericyclic reactions. Consistent with what can be expected, the role of electron correlation was found to be the most critical for transition states of other transient species near the top of the energy barrier. The systematic differences in the extent of electron correlation between allowed and forbidden reactions are also discussed.
Recent Applications of Nonradiative Energy Transfer to Polymer Studies
Authors: Morawetz Herbert
Published: April 2003

Recent studies of polymers in solution and in bulk by energy transfer between two fluorescent labels are reviewed. Such studies are concerned with the equilibrium and dynamics of polymer chain expansion, molecular cluster formation in solution, the miscibility of polymers in bulk, and the interdiffusion of polymer latex particles.
Poly(methyl-phenylsilylene) Derivatives as Photoconductors
Authors: Kmínek Ivan , Nešpůrek Stanislav , Brynda Eduard , Pfleger Jiří , Cimrová Věra , Schnabel Wolfram
Published: April 2003

The attachment of long wavelength absorbing π-conjugated chromophores to poly(methyl-phenylsilylene) (PMPSi) via reactions of its formylated derivative is described. Some of the obtained polymers exhibit improved photostability in comparison with the parent polymer. Their spectral properties and photoconductivity are discussed. Ultrathin layers and multilayers were prepared from polar derivatives of PMPSi by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and their photoconductive behaviour was studied.
Hedging in discrete time under transaction costs and continuous-time limit
Authors: Koehl Pierre-F. , Pham Huyên , Touzi Nizar
Published: April 2003

We consider a discrete-time financial market model with L1 risky asset price process subject to proportional transaction costs. In this general setting, using a dual martingale representation we provide sufficient conditions for the super-replication cost to coincide with the replication cost. Next, we study the convergence problem in a stationary binomial model as the time step tends to zero, keeping the proportional transaction costs fixed. We derive lower and upper bounds for the limit of the super-replication cost. In the case of European call options and for a unit initial holding in the risky asset, the upper and lower bounds are equal. This result also holds for the replication cost of European call options. This is evidence (but not a proof) against the common opinion that the replication cost is infinite in a continuous-time model.
Exact distribution of word occurrences in a random sequence of letters
Authors: Robin S. , Daudin J. J.
Published: April 2003

The study of the distribution of the distance between words in a random sequence of letters is interesting in view of application in genome sequence analysis. In this paper we give the exact distribution probability and cumulative distribution function of the distances between two successive occurrences of a given word and between thenth and the (n+m)th occurrences under three models of generation of the letters: i.i.d. with the same probability for each letter, i.i.d. with different probabilities and Markov process. The generating function and the first two moments are also given. The point of studying the distances instead of the counting process is that we get some knowledge not only about the frequency of a word but also about its longitudinal distribution in the sequence.
Nonprescription Medications for Eye Allergies
Authors: Vordenberg Sarah E.
Published: January 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes the types of over-the-counter medications to treat eye allergy symptoms and how to use them.
Learning Our Son’s Language
Authors: Viswanathan Vidya Bhavani
Published: January 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatrician alters how she engages with and measures the developmental progress of her young son after he stops speaking.
Advancing Equity in Maternal Health With Virtual Doula Care
Authors: Waymouth Molly , James Kortney , Uscher-Pines Lori
Published: January 2024

This Viewpoint reviews the advantages and limitations of virtual doula services and discusses their potential to address the maternal health crisis.
Latest voice supporting MOTAA: Faces & Voices of Recovery
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2024

The Modernizing Opioid Treatment Access Act (MOTAA), which would allow physicians certified in addiction medicine to prescribe methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD) from their offices, has many supporters. Faces & Voices of Recovery is one of the most recent.
NIAAA on harm reduction and contingency management
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2024

Even the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) is getting in on the harm reduction act. In fact, for heavy drinkers, or any drinkers, reducing the amount consumed is a benefit. Requiring abstinence can scare people away from treatment altogether, and those are generally the people who need it most. Now, the NIAAA, which has talked to ADAW in the past about the pros and cons of attempts to reduce drinking (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33179), has come out with advice for the public on the benefits of reducing heavy alcohol consumption.
Insights Into Formation and Growth of Colloidal Multielement Alloy Nanoparticles in Solution through In Situ Liquid Cell TEM Study
Authors: Amiri Azadeh , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Phakatkar Abhijit H. , Shokuhfar Tolou , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza
Published: January 2024

The nucleation and growth of nanoparticles are critical processes determining the size, shape, and properties of resulting nanoparticles. However, understanding the complex mechanisms guiding the formation and growth of colloidal multielement alloy nanoparticles remains incomplete due to the involvement of multiple elements with different properties. This study investigates in situ colloidal synthesis of multielement alloys using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in a liquid cell. Two different pathways for nanoparticle formation in a solution containing Au, Pt, Ir, Cu, and Ni elements, resulting in two distinct sets of particles are observed. One set exhibits high Au and Cu content, ranging from 10 to 30 nm, while the other set is multi‐elemental, with Pt, Cu, Ir, and Ni, all less than 4 nm. The findings suggest that, besides element miscibility, metal ion characteristics, particularly reduction rates, and valence numbers, significantly impact particle composition during early formation stages. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations confirm differences in nanoparticle composition and surface properties collectively influence the unique growth behaviors in each nanoparticle set. This study illuminates mechanisms underlying the formation and growth of multielement nanoparticles by emphasizing factors responsible for chemical separation and effects of interplay between composition, surface energies, and element miscibility on final nanoparticles size and structure.
Tea‐Derived Sustainable Materials
Authors: He Qishan , Chen Huixin , Chen Xing , Zheng Juanjuan , Que Lanfang , Yu Fuda , Zhao Junhui , Xie Yiming , Huang Miaoliang , Lu Canzhong , Meng Jiashen , Zhang Xingcai
Published: January 2024

The practical application of hard carbon in sodium‐ion batteries is limited by insufficient reversible capacity and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), which are caused by the lack of active sites and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, a biomass‐derived hard carbon material based on tea stems is proposed, which exhibits an ultrahigh ICE of 90.8%. This remarkable ICE is attributed to the presence of an inorganic‐rich, thin, and robust solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Furthermore, the material demonstrates excellent cycling stability, showing a capacity retention of 99.5% after 500 cycles at 280 mA g−1. Additionally, when it works as the anode material in a sodium‐ion full cell without presodiation, it reaches a high energy density of 212 Wh kg−1 and a superior stability, e.g., retaining 93.1 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 91.3%. The sodium storage capacity of this material is primarily attributed to a combined adsorption‐intercalation/filling effect as confirmed by in situ XRD and ex situ Raman analyses. These findings make this biomass‐derived hard carbon material a promising candidate for commercial application of sodium‐ion batteries, achieving high performance at low cost.