bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monoprosthesis for Simultaneous Correction of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Cystocele: A 3-Year follow-up
Authors: Adile Biagio , Gugliotta Giorgio , Adile Giorgio , Verso Laura Lo , Sommatino Francesco , Scurria Salvatore
Published: June 2018

Background

Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) and cystocele can occur simultaneously because they have identical predisposing factors. This procedure reinforces pubourethral ligaments and the vesico-vaginal fascia, solving SUI and Cystocele.

Methods

57 patients with grade III or higher cystocele were enrolled in this trial; SUI was present in 20% of patients (mean age: 57 years). NAZCA TC® was used as monoprosthesis. Prolapse was evaluated using the POP-Q System, sexuality using the FSFI questionnaire, and LUTS using the OAB-SF questionnaire.

Results

After surgery, there were positive changes, sustained during the follow-up: SUI was cured in 80% patients; there was only one patient with de novo SUI and a single case of prolapse recurrence.

Conclusions

These results suggest that NAZCA TC® is safe and effective, adding the advantage of correcting SUI at the same time.
When the Conservative Treatment in High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients should be Abandoned
Authors: Colombo Renzo , Maccagnano Carmen , Rocchini Lorenzo , Pellucchi Federico
Published: June 2018

Despite the good quality of treatment expected with optimized transurethral resection (TUR) and adjuvant Bacillus Galmette-Guérin (BCG) regimen, many high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients recur and progress. According to the EORTC Tables of risk, cases with a score of 10-17 and those with a score of 7-23 should be considered as being at high risk of recurrence and progression, respectively. AUA and NCCN consider all T1 stage tumors, high grade Ta and CIS at high risk of recurrence and progression. Long-term follow-up shows that T1, G3 patients treated with BCG will suffer from up to 45% and 17% rate of recurrence and progression, respectively. Consequently, EAU, AUA and NCCN Guidelines for bladder cancer recommend radical cystectomy as a first treatment option for those patients who failed after two cycles of adjuvant BCG. However, to date, there is no definitive evidence that in this special subgroup of patients an early radical cystectomy is better than any additional salvage strategy, in terms of oncologic outcome. On the other hand, it is well accepted that radical cystectomy is burdened with consistent reduction of overall post-operative quality of life. The reluctance of patient to accept (and of surgeon to recommend) this major extirpative surgery may explain the reduced disease-free survival rate, well documented when radical cystectomy has been extremely delayed. Defining the criteria for the selection of BCG-failure patients for whom any conservative procedure should be definitively abandoned in favor of a timely radical cystectomy has become of critical importance. Recently, clinical, laboratory and pathologic acquisitions allowed the development of more accurate predictive factors for tumor progression in NMIBC. Among these factors, clinical type of BCG-failure, morphology and tumor growth patterns, pathologic sub-staging and immunohistochemistry will play a paramount role in decision-making with these patients in routine practice.
Use of 5-Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Patients with Luts Secondary to Bph: Our Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dell'Atti Lucio , Cuneo Antonio
Published: June 2018

Introduction

The phosphodiesterase inhibitors are used in the treatment of ED and there are increasing data of effects of these drugs on bladder and urethral relaxation as well as of prostatic smooth muscles that may relief the symptoms of BPH. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of Tadalafil (a PDE-5 inhibitor) in combination with standard therapy for the treatment of BPH.

Materials and Methods

In this randomized clinical trial of 165 patients with obstructive and irritative urinary tract symptoms due to BPH, IPSS ≥8, IIEF ≥11, Q-max from 5 mL/s to 15 mL/s and residual urine volume (RUV) <120 mL, there was indication for surgical intervention. These patients were randomly allocated in three groups. Each patient received a therapeutic treatment daily for 12 weeks. Group A received treatment with tamsulosin 0.4 mg and tadalafil 5 mg, Group B received a standard treatment with tamsulosin 0.4 mg for BPH and Group C received only one treatment with tadalafil 5 mg.

Results

There was no significant difference in terms of IPSS score, Qmax and RUV before treatment in the three groups tested. Analysis of the data shows that in patients treated with tamsulosin and tadalafil IPSS, IIEF and QoL were significantly improved in a different way than in the other two groups, while the Qmax and RUV did not show a significant change in the three groups, remaining almost constant.

Conclusions

The PDE-5 inhibitor improves quality of life and urinary symptoms in patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH, but doesn't have any significant effect on Qmax and RUV.
The acquisition of adjunct control is colored by the task
Authors: Gerard Juliana , Lidz Jeffrey , Zuckerman Shalom , Pinto Manuela
Published: June 2018

Previous studies on children’s interpretations of PRO in adjunct clauses have found that 4- to 6-year old children exhibit non-adultlike interpretations of adjunct PRO. For sentences with adjunct control, as in John bumped Mary after PRO tripping on the sidewalk, these studies have argued that children’s knowledge is not adultlike. In this paper, we use a new task to reduce the demands involved in making a response. With this task, we find improved performance for sentences with adjunct control. These results suggest that children’s knowledge of adjunct control is adultlike, but has been obscured by the tasks used in previous studies.
Prevalência do risco da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono na população adulta de uma capital brasileira+
Authors: De Moura Walter Leal , De Moura Carolina Soares , Silva Thalisson Saymo de Oliveira , Sipaúba Graciela Maria Oliveira , De Moura Mariá Soares Leal , Martins Gregório Antonio Soares
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de indivíduos com risco da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono e fatores associados, em adultos de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro.Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que utilizou como instrumento de aferição o Questionário de Berlim para uma amostra probabilística composta por 574 indivíduos acima de 30 anos, residentes em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.Com base nas respostas do questionário, os indivíduos foram classificados em alto e baixo risco para a Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Dados demográficos como idade, gênero, peso e altura foram também obtidos. Teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão logística, com nível de significância de 5%, foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados: Observou-se prevalência de alto risco da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono de 29,1%. Roncar, parar de respirar enquanto está dormindo, acordar cansado, ficar cansado em seu tempo desperto, Índice de Massa Corporal ≥ 30 kg/m2 e hipertensão arterial, são fatores significativos para Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Conclusão: O alto risco para a Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono foi expressivo em indivíduos adultos de Teresina, Piauí, sendo associado significativamente com os itens do questionário de Berlim.
Selamento de lesões de cárie oclusais em molares decíduos: relato de dois casos clínicos
Authors: Ponte Yohana De Oliveira , Vasconcelos Amanda De Albuquerque , Girão Daniela Cavalcante , Rodrigues Italo Sarto Carvalho , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: foi relatar dois casos clínicos sobre selamentode lesões de cárie em dentina com resina flow em molaresdecíduos. Relato de caso: foram selecionadas duascrianças, de 4 e 6 anos de idade, que apresentavam lesãode cárie oclusal, com abertura menor do que trêsmilímetros e profundidade envolvendo a dentina: umalocalizava-se na metade externa, e outra, iniciando aprogressão para metade interna. O selamento das lesõesfoi realizado com resina flow (Natural Flow - DFL),depois de prévio condicionamento com ácido fosfóricoa 37% e aplicação do sistema adesivo na cavidade. Foirealizado acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico deseis meses, analisando a integridade do material de selamentoe a progressão das lesões de cárie. Nos dois casos,houve retenção completa do material selador, quese manteve íntegro. Radiograficamente, as lesões de cárienão apresentaram progressão, pelo contrário, houvesinais de regressão, aumentando as chances de um bomprognóstico. Considerações finais: o selamento de lesõesde cárie com resina flow, desde que devidamentecontrolado clínica e radiograficamente, pode propiciara paralisação de lesões de cárie em dentina, sendo umaabordagem altamente vantajosa, não invasiva, de baixocusto e que preserva os tecidos dentais.
Palavras-chave: Dente decíduo. Dentística operatória.Cárie dentária. Odontopediatria. Selantes de fossas efissuras.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS PARA ESTIMATIVA VOLUMÉTRICA DE ESPÉCIES COMERCIAIS DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Lanssanova Luciano Rodrigo , Alba da Silva Franciele , Tagliapietra Schons Cristine , Da Silva Pererira Ane Caroline
Published: June 2018

A floresta Amazônica apresenta espécies de elevado potencial para exploração sustentável de madeira, entretanto, para que sejam exploradas, há a necessidade de informações para estimativas precisas de seu volume de madeira. Assim, com a hipótese de que volumes estimados por diferentes métodos e os obtidos pela cubagem rigorosa são estatisticamente iguais entre si, este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar estimativas volumétricas obtidas através do fator de forma, modelos volumétricos e modelo de afilamento para cinco espécies comerciais da floresta amazônica. Foram cubadas 449 árvores pelo método de Smalian para desenvolvimento do fator de forma e ajuste das equações volumétricas e de afilamento. Foi utilizado o delineamento blocos ao acaso, onde cada espécie foi considerada como um bloco e cada método de obtenção volumétrica compôs um tratamento. Foi aplicada a análise de variância para verificar a existência de diferença significativa entre os tratamentos e entre os blocos, seguida do teste de Tukey para o nível crítico . Entre os modelos ajustados, o de Schumacher-Hall foi o que apresentou maior precisão para estimar o volume. O fator de forma médio estimado é 0,73. Não houve diferenças estatísticas na estimativa do volume utilizando os diferentes métodos, contudo, recomenda-se utilizar o modelo de simples entrada, pois a altura para espécies amazônicas é de difícil obtenção, fazendo deste método o mais prático.
FUNÇÕES DE AFILAMENTO PARA Pinus elliottii Engelm. PROVENIENTE DE CONDUÇÃO DE REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL
Authors: Da Silva Samuel Alves , Ferrari Linamara Smaniotto , Moreira Diego , Lanssanova Luciano Rodrigo , Ansolin Roni Djeison , Ciarnoschi Lucas Dalmolin , Nakajima Nelson Yoshihiro
Published: June 2018

A condução de florestas por regeneração natural pode apresentar perfis de fuste diferentes em relação à indivíduos provenientes de plantios por mudas ou semeadura. Desta forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi ajustar modelos de funções de afilamento para povoamentos da espécie Pinus elliottii Engelm. proveniente de condução de regeneração natural, afim de identificar o que melhor se ajusta e verificar se a procedência dos indivíduos afeta negativamente os indicadores estatísticos de regressão. Para isso, foram ajustados os modelos de função de afilamento propostos por Kozak et al., Max & Burkhart, Schöepfer e Hradetzky para um banco de dados de 289 árvores cubadas pelo método de Smalian, das quais, 40 amostras foram utilizadas para validar a melhor equação. A avaliação das equações testadas foi realizada por meio do coeficiente de determinação ajustado ( ), erro padrão da estimativa em percentagem (Syx %), análise gráfica dos resíduos em porcentagem e média dos desvios (MD). Os modelos ajustados apresentaram resultados estatísticos satisfatórios. Todas as equações ajustadas apresentaram resultados muito semelhantes para , que variou entre 0,9630 e 0,9807, para o Syx %, os valores variaram um pouco mais, de 9,0785 a 6,5647, e para MD de -0,1500 a 0,0858.  O modelo proposto por Max & Burkhart apresentou os melhores resultados para a estimativa dos diâmetros ao longo do fuste, apresentando o maior , o menor Syx % e MD de 0,0858. Com os resultados apresentados podemos observar que a aplicação de modelos de afiamento para povoamentos de Pinus elliottii oriundos de regeneração natural é viável.
DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY BY THE AUGER HOLE METHOD
Authors: Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma Lopes , Arriero Stephanie Soares , Silva Gerlange Soares da , Sousa Aline Bezerra de , Pereira Álvaro Itaúna Schalcher
Published: June 2018

The hydraulic conductivity of a soil is the main parameter that determines its drainage capacity. However, its determination is of great importance for sizing in agricultural drainage systems. To determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil in the presence of water table through the Auger-Hole. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Manioc and Fruticulture (EMBRAPA), located in the municipality of Cruz das Almas-BA. In order to estimate the hydraulic conductivity, several empirical formulas have been proposed, such as Ernst's, which is the model that most closely approximates the soil situation studied. The hydraulic conductivity values for the studied soil obtained by the Auger-Hole method ranged from 0.24821 to 0.28544 m day-1. With an average value for hydraulic conductivity of 0.266835 m day-¹, being considered slow. The soil under analysis is classified in slow saturated hydraulic conductivity. The Auger-Hole method proved to be practical, fast, safe and easy to handle.
INFLUÊNCIA DE CONDICIONANTES AMBIENTAIS NA SOBREVIVÊNCIA E INGRESSO DE INDIVÍDUOS DE Drosera brevifolia PURSH REALOCADOS EM FRAGMENTO DE CAMPO NATURAL
Authors: Nunho dos Reis Allan Rodrigo , Blum Christopher Thomas , De Freitas Milani Jaçanan Eloisa
Published: June 2018

Drosera brevifolia Pursh é uma herbácea carnívora considerada ameaçada de extinção no município de Curitiba, Paraná. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência das variáveis ambientais declividade, umidade do solo, temperatura e precipitação na sobrevivência de indivíduos de D. brevifolia realocados em Curitiba. Foi realizado o monitoramento mensal da sobrevivência pós-realocação e dos ingressos por regeneração natural ao longo de 12 meses. Foram implantados quatro tratamentos (T) com 50 indivíduos cada, diferenciados pelo relevo, orientação e insolação: T1 (íngreme / sudoeste / pleno sol); T2 (íngreme / leste / sombra parcial); T3 (suave ondulado / leste / sombra parcial) e T4 (suave ondulado / sudoeste / pleno sol). Foram amostrados os solos e coletados dados de declividade e umidade do solo. 178 (89%) das plantas morreram no primeiro mês após o plantio, devido às condições meteorológicas, com excesso de chuva nos primeiros dias (62 mm), seguido por ressecamento do solo causado pela forte insolação, com temperatura máxima de até 33,9 °C. A faixa de umidade do solo mais favorável ao estabelecimento de indivíduos realocados variou de 22% a 30%. Apenas para o T1 foi verificada correlação positiva significativa entre a sobrevivência de plantas e as temperaturas, indicando que esta variável pode ser importante para o seu estabelecimento. Em nenhum tratamento foi constatada correlação significativa entre a sobrevivência e as variáveis precipitação, declividade e umidade do solo. Pode-se afirmar que D. brevifolia é sensível a pequenas mudanças nas condições ambientais locais.
DINÂMICA EM SUPERFÍCIE, VOLUME, BIOMASSA E CARBONO NAS FLORESTAS PLANTADAS BRASILEIRAS: 1990-2016
Authors: Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Pelissari Allan Libanio , Tomé Margarida , Maas Greyce Charllyne Benedet , Sanquetta Mateus Niroh Inoue
Published: June 2018

O objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar a dinâmica em superfície e dos estoques de volume de madeira, biomassa e carbono nas plantações florestais brasileiras. Dados sobre a extensão dessas florestas por diferentes instituições embasaram as estimativas para o período 1990-2016 para os principais gêneros utilizados em plantações florestais no Brasil. As produtividades foram simuladas com programas computacionais da EMBRAPA. Fatores de expansão de biomassa, razão de raízes, massa específica e teores de carbono de literatura foram aplicados. A área de florestas plantadas aumentou para 10,212 milhões ha (ano de 2016) em relação a área de 4,934 milhões ha (para o ano de 1990). O volume de madeira comercial cresceu de 774 milhões m3 em 1990 para 1,999 bilhão de m3 em 2016. A biomassa apresentou mudança de 457 milhões t em 1990 a 1,246 bilhão t em 2016. Os estoques de carbono apontaram 210 milhões t em 1990 e 575 milhões t em 2016. Eucalyptus contribuía com 60% da área plantada em 1990, passando a 74% em 2016 e sua participação em volume, biomassa e carbono aumentou de 52, 57 e 58%, em 1990, para 67, 71 e 71% em 2016, respectivamente. O gênero Pinus pouco cresceu em área plantada, perdendo participação relativa. Outros gêneros têm participação modesta, mas vêm observando-se uma tendência de crescimento nos últimos anos. Concluiu-se que houve grande crescimento em área, volume, biomassa e carbono nas plantações florestais brasileiras nos 26 anos, em que as remoções de CO2 atmosférico equivalente nesse período foram da ordem de 1,338 bilhão t, as quais se devem pelo aumento da área plantada e pela maior produtividade dos povoamentos.
EFEITOS DE DIFERENTES DOSAGENS DE ADUBAÇÃO NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage
Authors: Serpe Edson Luis , Motta Antonio Carlos Vargas , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Arce Julio Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Os efeitos de diferentes dosagens de adubação no crescimento inicial de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage foram avaliados em General Carneiro, região sul do Paraná. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o crescimento e a produção em volume total, comercial e por sortimento em região com invernos rigorosos. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com amostras de 250 m² (seis tratamentos e oito repetições). Os dados de diâmetros e alturas, foram utilizados para o ajuste de equações hipsométricas e funções de afilamento. Os resultados obtidos, foram submetidos ao teste de Bartlett, análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey. Evidencia-se que a aplicação de adubação de base e adubações de cobertura em diferentes quantidades, formulações e períodos de aplicação, proporcionam distintos efeitos no crescimento em volume comercial e total. Observou-se que espécie é resistente as geadas frequentes no sul do Brasil, atingindo incremento médio anual de até 54,4 m³.ha-1.ano-1.
FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA PARA ESTIMATIVAS DA CARGA FÍSICA DE TRABALHO NA EXPLORAÇÃO FLORESTAL
Authors: Nascimento Kauê Augusto Oliveira , Emmert Fabiano , Higuchi Niro
Published: June 2018

O trabalho em exploração florestal exige grande contingente e carga física sob condições ambientais desfavoráveis. Portanto, um bom condicionamento e hábitos saudáveis são essenciais para o desempenho. O estudo pretendeu a coleta de frequência cardíaca para estimar a carga física do trabalho em exploração florestal. A pesquisa foi conduzida no município de Itapiranga, Amazonas, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as operações de pré-arraste, arraste e pátio, exceto o corte. Foi coletada frequência cardíaca da ocupação mais desgastante em cada operação, e estimadas as cargas físicas por dois métodos: anexo C da ISO 8996 e o método CCV. A variável peso demonstrou forte correlação positiva com a frequência cardíaca. A carga física variou em até 167 kcal/h para a mesma ocupação. A ocupação puxador de cabo (pré-arraste) foi a mais desgastante, sendo considerada pesada e estimou-se pausas de até 15 min./h. A frequência cardíaca demonstrou ser indicadora do condicionamento físico, um aspecto importante, pois interfere no desempenho do trabalhador.
Pre-Shopping Habits and Consumer Vulnerability in Food Retailing
Authors: Charlebois Sylvain , Chamberlain Sarah , Herian Ayesha
Published: June 2018

Food prices in Canada have reached uncharacteristic highs in the last two years. Seven-dollar heads of cauliflower in 2016 became the poster-vegetable of the costs of food prices and questions arose about how Canadian consumers were assessing and mitigating their vulnerability. This study surveyed just over 1000 Canadians in all regions of Canada, including the North, to assess perceived vulnerability of Canadian consumers to rises in food prices and determine the behavioural changes that occurred to mitigate vulnerability. We found that Canadians generally felt more vulnerable to fluctuating food prices and that certain demographic traits, such as age, income, geographic location, and family status did have an impact on degree of vulnerability and what methods consumers would use to try to adapt to price volatility. Some consumer groups were more vulnerable than others, but consumers demonstrated awareness of and ability to adapt to changes in food prices over time.
Utilización de la plataforma virtual Moodle para el desarrollo del aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Martínez-Sarmiento Luis Fernando , Gaeta González Martha Leticia
Published: June 2018

El aprendizaje autorregulado ha cobrado una gran relevancia en el nivel universitario. Pretende que los estudiantes puedan afrontar las demandas cada vez más complejas de un aprendizaje permanente en la era posmoderna digital. En el análisis que presentamos se desarrolló y se implementó un programa virtual de acompañamiento que promoviera el aprendizaje autorregulado entre los universitarios mediante el proceso cíclico PHVA (planear, hacer, verificar y actuar) utilizando la plataforma Moodle. Se usó un diseño cuasiexperimental; un grupo experimental (n = 38 estudiantes) y un grupo control (n = 38 estudiantes), así como medidas pretest y postest que, además de valorar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos, permitieron evaluar cinco dimensiones del aprendizaje autorregulado: a) cognitiva: estrategias de aprendizaje; b) motivacional: orientación a metas e interés por la asignatura; c) gestión de recursos: uso de recursos tecnológicos y tiempo de estudio; d) estrategias de aprendizaje autorregulado, y e) contextual: percepción del apoyo docente. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes del grupo experimental, a diferencia de los que formaban parte del grupo control, obtuvieron mejoras significativas en las variables estudiadas después de la intervención, excepto en la orientación al rendimiento. Se enfatiza la importancia de promover el aprendizaje autorregulado en la universidad mediante el uso de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje.
Las tensiones entre técnica y proyecto de vida en la Meditación de la técnica de Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Alonso Fernández Marcos
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo trata de exponer las relaciones que Ortega y Gasset establece entre proyecto de vida y técnica. La articulación entre estas dos instancias, decisiva para la comprensión de la metafísica de la vida humana del filósofo español, se revelará como un tema complicado y cambiante dentro de la producción orteguiana.
An Overview of the Antibacterial Implications of Lansium domesticum
Authors: Tabassum Munir  , Khurrum Shahzad Munawar  , Ayesha Mohyuddin
Published: June 2018

Lansium domesticum belongs to the family Meliaceae and is admired for its fruit in southern Asia. The family Meliaceae is known as novel bioactive compounds that are usually used in folk remedy as a drug for the treatment of diarrhea. The leaf and bark mixture of L. domesticum cv. duku exhibited antibacterial activity towards Bacillus subtile, Staphylococcus aureus, and Echerichia coli. Phytochemical screening of fruit waste of L. domesticum showed the presence of 3β -hydroxyonocera-8, 21α -hydroxyonocera-8, 14-dien-21-one and 14-dien-3-one, lansic acid. The seeds contain tetranortriterpenoids. The bark contains active compounds namely onoceradienedione, lansiolic acid A, iso-onoceratriene and 3-keto lansiolic acid. The methanolic extract of the bark of L. domesticum cv kokossan showed major antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and. Bacillus subtilis The ethyl acetate extract exhibited an antibacterial efficacy with an inhibit zone respectively of 14 and 12.5 mm towards E. coli and B. cereus. Silver nanoparticles have a future in an antimicrobial role. The silver nanoparticles of L. domesticum are spherical in shape with a size from10-30 nm.
Pharmacological Activities of Carica papaya Linn
Authors: Urooj Fatima  , Sammia Shahid
Published: June 2018

Carica papaya is a tropical fruit, present in orange red to yellow orange color. The whole plant including fruit, leaves, roots, peel, bark, seed and pulp served as medicine. It is rich in minerals, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, enzymes, lycopene, and flavonoids that provide the papaya with special importance. It is used as a remedy for the treatment of many skin infections, anti fungal, anti viral infections. Its milky juice extracted and dried is used as medicine for digestive disorders and as toothpaste. Carica papaya helps in the treatment of different types of cancer, kidney infections, nervous disorders, etc. Now a days papaya is known as a nutraceutical fruit because of its multifaceted properties. The most enhanced properties of papaya are anti-fungal, anti-fertility, uretonic, anti-hypertensive, hypolipidemic, dengue fever, diuretic, anti-helmintic, wound healing, antibacterial and antitumor activities. This review summarizes the magical pharmacological benefits of Carica papaya.
Schiff Bases: Multipurpose Pharmacophores with Extensive Biological Applications
Authors: Khurram Shahzad Munawar  , Shah Muhammad Haroon  , Syed Ammar Hussain  , Hamid Raza
Published: June 2018

Schiff bases are substances prepared generally by the condensation reaction of aldehydes or ketones with amines. They may have substituted aliphatic or aromatic side chains, and hence show extensive biological activities. It is reported that these molecules play an important role in the synthesis of various drugs. This paper focus on the biological activities of Schiff bases of various types and hence makes them important precursors in designing drugs for medical treatment. The biological applications of Schiff bases can be extended from antimicrobial, plant growth regulator, antioxidant, enzymatic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, antiviral, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-convulsant to neurotoxic activities. They also serve as a dominant class of ligands with a variety of binding sites for coordination with metals.
Pros and Cons of the Impact Factor in a Rapidly Changing Digital World
Authors: McAleer Michael , Oláh Judit , Popp József
Published: June 2018

The purpose and novlty of the paper is to present arguments for and against the use of the Impact Factor (IF) in a rapidly changing digital world. The paper discusses the calculation of IF, as well as the pros and cons of IF. Editorial policies that affect IF are examined, and the merits of open access online publishing are presented. Scientific quality and the IF dilemma are analysed, and alternative measures of impact and quality are evaluated. The San Francisco declaration on research assessment is also discussed.
A synthetic peptide that prevents cAMP regulation in mammalian hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels
Authors: Saponaro Andrea , Cantini Francesca , Porro Alessandro , Bucchi Annalisa , DiFrancesco Dario , Maione Vincenzo , Donadoni Chiara , Introini Bianca , Mesirca Pietro , Mangoni Matteo E , Thiel Gerhard , Banci Lucia , Santoro Bina , Moroni Anna
Published: June 2018

Binding of TRIP8b to the cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) of mammalian hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels prevents their regulation by cAMP. Since TRIP8b is expressed exclusively in the brain, we envisage that it can be used for orthogonal control of HCN channels beyond the central nervous system. To this end, we have identified by rational design a 40-aa long peptide (TRIP8bnano) that recapitulates affinity and gating effects of TRIP8b in HCN isoforms (hHCN1, mHCN2, rbHCN4) and in the cardiac current If in rabbit and mouse sinoatrial node cardiomyocytes. Guided by an NMR-derived structural model that identifies the key molecular interactions between TRIP8bnano and the HCN CNBD, we further designed a cell-penetrating peptide (TAT-TRIP8bnano) which successfully prevented β-adrenergic activation of mouse If leaving the stimulation of the L-type calcium current (ICaL) unaffected. TRIP8bnano represents a novel approach to selectively control HCN activation, which yields the promise of a more targeted pharmacology compared to pore blockers.
Comparative health assessment of urban and non-urban free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in southeastern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Mathieu Amélie , Flint Mark , Stent Patrick M. , Schwantje Helen M. , Wittum Thomas E.
Published: June 2018

Background

The provincial wildlife management agency, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, performed a translocation to control the urban mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; uMD) overpopulation and supplement the declining non-urban mule deer (nuMD) population in the Kootenay region, British Columbia, Canada. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the health of the urban and nuMD populations by comparing pathogen exposure, body condition scores (BCS) and pregnancy rates, to characterize the health risks associated with the translocation and to investigate the role of infectious diseases in the decline of the nuMD deer population.

Methods

Two hundred free-ranging mule deer were captured in urban and non-urban environments in the Kootenay region from 2014 to 2017. BCS and morphometric examinations were performed for each deer. Blood samples collected from each deer were tested for exposure to selected pathogens and pregnancy status.

Results

Body condition scores averaged 3.4 on a five-point scale, was greater in nuMD, and significantly differed between years. Antibodies were detected for adenovirus hemorrhagic disease virus (38.4% (uMD 43.7%, nuMD 33.3%)), bluetongue virus (0.6% (uMD 1.2%, nuMD 0%)), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (8.4% (uMD 4.6%, nuMD 12.1%)), bovine viral diarrhea virus (1.1% (uMD 0%, nuMD 2.2%)), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (27.0% (uMD 27.6%, nuMD 26.4%)), Neospora caninum (22.1% (uMD 24.4%, nuMD 19.7%)) and Toxoplasma gondii (8.2% (uMD 12.3%, nuMD 3.9%)). No antibodies against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus were detected. Pregnancy rates did not differ between the two deer populations (90.7% (uMD 90.6%, nuMD 90.9%)). Exposure to N. caninum was associated with a reduced probability of being pregnant. uMD were more likely to be exposed to T. gondii than nuMD.

Discussion

Comparison of BCS, pregnancy rates and pathogen exposure of uMD and nuMD showed that the health of the two populations did not significantly differ, suggesting uMD translocations do not pose a severe risk of pathogen transmission between mule deer populations and that these selected pathogens do not factor in the decline of the nuMD population. However, inclusion of additional health indicators and creation of a robust predictive disease model are warranted to further characterize the health of mule deer and the health risks associated with uMD translocations. These results should be considered as part of a formal risk assessment for future uMD translocations in southeastern British Columbia.
Monitoring monthly surface water dynamics of Dongting Lake using Sentinal-1 data at 10 m
Authors: Xing Liwei , Tang Xinming , Wang Huabin , Fan Wenfeng , Wang Guanghui
Published: June 2018

High temporal resolution water distribution maps are essential for surface water monitoring because surface water exhibits significant inner-annual variation. Therefore, high-frequency remote sensing data are needed for surface water mapping. Dongting Lake, the second-largest freshwater lake in China, is famous for the seasonal fluctuations of its inundation extents in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is also greatly affected by the Three Gorges Project. In this study, we used Sentinel-1 data to generate surface water maps of Dongting Lake at 10 m resolution. First, we generated the Sentinal-1 time series backscattering coefficient for VH and VV polarizations at 10 m resolution by using a monthly composition method. Second, we generated the thresholds for mapping surface water at 10 m resolution with monthly frequencies using Sentinel-1 data. Then, we derived the monthly surface water distribution product of Dongting Lake in 2016, and finally, we analyzed the inner-annual surface water dynamics. The results showed that: (1) The thresholds were −21.56 and −15.82 dB for the backscattering coefficients for VH and VV, respectively, and the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficients were above 95.50% and 0.90, respectively, for the VH backscattering coefficient, and above 94.50% and 0.88, respectively, for the VV backscattering coefficient. The VV backscattering coefficient achieved lower accuracy due to the effect of the wind causing roughness on the surface of the water. (2) The maximum and minimum areas of surface water were 2040.33 km2in July, and 738.89 km2in December. The surface water area of Dongting Lake varied most significantly in April and August. The permanent water acreage in 2016 was 556.35 km2, accounting for 19.65% of the total area of Dongting Lake, and the acreage of seasonal water was 1525.21 km2. This study proposed a method to automatically generate monthly surface water at 10 m resolution, which may contribute to monitoring surface water in a timely manner.
Comparison of the toxic effects of different mycotoxins on porcine and mouse oocyte meiosis
Authors: Lu Yujie , Zhang Yue , Liu Jia-Qian , Zou Peng , Jia Lu , Su Yong-Teng , Sun Yu-Rong , Sun Shao-Chen
Published: June 2018

Background

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) are the most common mycotoxins that are found in corn-based animal feed which have multiple toxic effects on animals and humans. Previous studies reported that these mycotoxins impaired mammalian oocyte quality. However, the effective concentrations of mycotoxins to animal oocytes were different.

Methods

In this study we aimed to compare the sensitivity of mouse and porcine oocytes to AFB1, DON, HT-2, OTA, and ZEA for mycotoxin research. We adopted the polar body extrusion rate of mouse and porcine oocyte as the standard for the effects of mycotoxins on oocyte maturation.

Results and Discussion

Our results showed that 10 μM AFB1 and 1 μM DON significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 50 μM AFB1 and 2 μM DON on mouse oocytes. However, 10 nM HT-2 significantly affected mouse oocyte maturation compared with 50 nM HT-2 on porcine oocytes. Moreover, 5 μM OTA and 10 μM ZEA significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 300 μM OTA and 50 μM ZEA on mouse oocytes. In summary, our results showed that porcine oocytes were more sensitive to AFB1, DON, OTA, and ZEA than mouse oocytes except HT-2 toxin.
Effects of anthropogenic wildfire in low-elevation Pacific island vegetation communities in French Polynesia
Authors: Newman Erica A. , Winkler Carlea A. , Hembry David H.
Published: June 2018

Anthropogenic (or human-caused) wildfire is an increasingly important driver of ecological change on Pacific islands including southeastern Polynesia, but fire ecology studies are almost completely absent for this region. Where observations do exist, they mostly represent descriptions of fire effects on plant communities before the introduction of invasive species in the modern era. Understanding the effects of wildfire in southeastern Polynesian island vegetation communities can elucidate which species may become problematic invasives with continued wildfire activity. We investigate the effects of wildfire on vegetation in three low-elevation sites (45–379 m) on the island of Mo’orea in the Society Islands, French Polynesia, which are already heavily impacted by past human land use and invasive exotic plants, but retain some native flora. In six study areas (three burned and three unburned comparisons), we placed 30 transects across sites and collected species and abundance information at 390 points. We analyzed each local community of plants in three categories: natives, those introduced by Polynesians before European contact (1767 C.E.), and those introduced since European contact. Burned areas had the same or lower mean species richness than paired comparison sites. Although wildfire did not affect the proportions of native and introduced species, it may increase the abundance of introduced species on some sites. Non-metric multidimensional scaling indicates that (not recently modified) comparison plant communities are more distinct from one another than are those on burned sites. We discuss conservation concerns for particular native plants absent from burned sites, as well as invasive species (includingLantana camaraandParaserianthes falcataria) that may be promoted by fire in the Pacific.
Use of Anti-PD1 Blockade After Hedgehog Inhibitors or as First-Line Therapy for Gorlin Syndrome
Authors: Reschke Robin , Richter Jasmin , Enk Alexander H. , Hassel Jessica C.
Published: November 2024

This case series examines treatment with anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD1) immunotherapy for patients with basal cell nevus syndrome.
Digital Sexualities, Cybersexualities, and Virtual Sexuality
Authors: Wignall Liam
Published: November 2024

The Internet plays an integral role in daily life and an important function in sexual lives. Sexual identities, particularly for sexual minorities, can be constructed through engagement with mobile apps and online spaces. The Internet can also provide opportunities for sexual interactions in virtual spaces or moving from online to offline encounters. This entry provides an overview of research into cybersexualities, how the Internet has shaped sexuality, digital sexualities, sexual experiences involving the Internet, and virtual sexualities.
Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Hall Thomas D. , Nagel Joane , Khan Nazneen
Published: November 2024

“Indigenous peoples” is a modern concept used mainly by scholars and international organizations to describe culturally diverse groups with varied histories currently living in many states and regions around the world. Most contemporary Indigenous peoples share a history of colonization in which their territory was appropriated and their language and culture subordinated. Indigenous groups typically live in, or maintain attachments to, geographically distinct territories, and many maintain distinctive cultural, social, economic, and political institutions within their communities or territories. The legacy of colonial and settler colonial practices and policies continues to shape the lives of Indigenous peoples, and continues to be resisted by Indigenous movements across the globe.
Carangiform‐Like Magnetic Milliswimmer With Negative Buoyancy for Agile 3D Navigation in Confined Fluid Environments
Authors: Tian Chenyao , Mao Liyang , Yang Peng , Zhang Hao , Meng Xianghe , Xie Hui
Published: November 2024

Miniature soft robots designed with magnetoelastic materials have the potential for noninvasive navigation in narrow spaces and innovative clinical therapies. However, the complex environment inside the body imposes stringent requirements on the motility and environmental adaptability of robots. Inspired by carangiform fish morphology and kinematics, a 3D free‐swimming magnetic milliswimmer with enhanced controllability, maneuverability, and environmental adaptability is developed. This milliswimmer is negatively buoyant like most fishes and employs magnetic torque to actuate its body. It mimics fish muscle contractions and generates a carangiform‐like body curvature distribution that results in comparable swimming behavior and performance. Compared with previous designs, it achieves over six times the equivalent motion performance and enables gravity‐resisting free‐swimming, with fish‐like maneuverability (a minimum turning radius of just 0.05 body length and a maximum turning rate of up to 4737 deg s−1). Its ability to transport and release cargo precisely while navigating three‐dimensionally in an ex vivo porcine urinary system is demonstrated. The designed bionic magnetic soft robot is expected to advance biomedical applications of magnetoelastic materials, particularly in urinary and other clinical treatments.
Scalable, Fast Light‐Responsive, and Excellent Color‐Retention Fiber‐Based Photochromic Wearables for Sustainable Photo‐Patterning and Information Security Encryption
Authors: Zhang Junze , Chen Tiandi , Zhu Meng , Lu Jian , Liu Xinlong , Sun Weiwei , So Mei Yi , Xu Bingang
Published: November 2024

Fiber‐based photochromic wearables have attracted growing attention in sustainable photo‐patterning information displays, information security encryption, and optical data recording/storage. Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is one of the key photochromic materials that possesses good photochromic performance, nevertheless, it faces considerable challenges in preparing photochromic textiles with stable, scalable, and long color‐retention properties. In this work, a new kind of fiber‐based photochromic wearables is designed and developed by combining cotton fabric with a MoO3‐based self‐adhesive polymer network and long chain silyl group. The prepared photochromic wearable has exhibited excellent fatigue resistance and favorable reversibility (> 40 cycles), rapid light response (reach color saturation with a UV dose of 60 kJ m−2), outstanding color retention capability (> 90 days), and desirable biocompatibility (cell viability > 100%). In addition, the prepared photochromic textiles could maintain a fast light response and excellent color retention even after experiencing repeated washing (20 cycles). Moreover, the photo‐patterning photochromic wearables are verified by resisting the deterioration of acid solution, alkali solution, and sweat (pH 2.0–9.0) as well as keeping clear patterns under sunlight irradiation. As a demonstration of the application, fiber‐based photochromic wearables are made and employed for the sustainable applications of rewritable photo‐patterning and information security encryption.
Engineering Metal‐Support Interaction for Manipulate Microenvironment: Single‐Atom Platinum Decorated on Nickel‐Chromium Oxides Toward High‐Performance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Meng Fan , Zhu Longhao , Li Ruopeng , Jiang Jie , Li Yaqiang , Wu Youzheng , Fan Yuhao , Ren Penghui , Xu Hao , Wang Dan , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong , Yang Peixia
Published: November 2024

Rational construction of platinum (Pt)‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high utilization of active sites holds promise to achieve superior electrocatalytic alkaline HER performance, which requires the assistance of functional supports. In this work, a novel catalytic configuration is reported, namely, Pt SACs anchored on the nickel‐chromium oxides labeled as Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF. The mechanism associated with the metal‐support interaction (MSI) for synergy co‐catalysis that empowers efficient HER on Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF is clarified. Specifically, the modulated electron structure in Pt SACs‐NiCrO3 manipulates the interface microenvironment, mediating a more free water state, which is beneficial to accelerate front water dissociation behavior on the oxide support. Besides, the homogeneously distributed Pt sites with the created near‐acidic state ensure the subsequent fast proton‐involved reaction. All these determine the comprehensively accelerating HER kinetics. Consequently, Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF deliverers considerable HER performance, with overpotentials (η10/η100) of 23/122 mV, high mass activity of 382.77 mA mg−1Pt. When serving in an alkaline water‐based anion exchange membrane electrolytic cell (AEMWE), Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF also presents excellent performance (100 mA cm−2 at the cell voltage of 1.51 V and stable up to 100 h), confirming its good prospect.
Sensitive Self‐Driven Single‐Component Organic Photodetector Based on Vapor‐Deposited Small Molecules
Authors: Wolansky Jakob , Hoffmann Cedric , Panhans Michel , Winkler Louis Conrad , Talnack Felix , Hutsch Sebastian , Zhang Huotian , Kirch Anton , Yallum Kaila M. , Friedrich Hannes , Kublitski Jonas , Gao Feng , Spoltore Donato , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Ortmann Frank , Banerji Natalie , Leo Karl , Benduhn Johannes
Published: November 2024

Typically, organic solar cells (OSCs) and photodetectors (OPDs) comprise an electron donating and accepting material to facilitate efficient charge carrier generation. This approach has proven successful in achieving high‐performance devices but has several drawbacks for upscaling and stability. This study presents a fully vacuum‐deposited single‐component OPD, employing the neat oligothiophene derivative DCV2‐5T in the photoactive layer. Free charge carriers are generated with an internal quantum efficiency of 20 % at zero bias. By optimizing the device structure, a very low dark current of 3.4 · 10−11 A cm−2 at −0.1 V is achieved, comparable to the dark current of state‐of‐the‐art bulk heterojunction OPDs. This optimization results in specific detectivities of 1· 1013 Jones (based on noise measurements), accompanied by a fast photoresponse (f‐3dB = 200 kHz) and a broad linear dynamic range (> 150 dB). Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy unveils that charge carriers are already formed at very short time scales (< 1 ps). The surprisingly efficient bulk charge generation mechanism is attributed to a strong electronic coupling of the molecular exciton and charge transfer states. This work demonstrates the very high performance of single‐component OPDs and proves that this novel device design is a successful strategy for highly efficient, morphological stable and easily manufacturable devices.
Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage for Efficient Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Through Sequential Targeting Nanomedicine of Neuronal Mitochondria in Affected Brain Tissue
Authors: Wang Shuya , Shi Xiaojing , Xiong Tingli , Chen Qiaohui , Yang Yongqi , Chen Wensheng , Zhang Kexin , Nan Yayun , Huang Qiong , Ai Kelong
Published: November 2024

Oxidative stress, predominantly from neuronal mitochondrial damage and the resultant cytokine storm, is central to cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, delivering drugs to neuronal mitochondria remains challenging due to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which impedes drug entry into affected brain tissues. This study introduces an innovative tannic acid (TA) and melanin‐modified heteropolyacid nanomedicine (MHT), which highly specifically eliminates the neuronal mitochondrial reactive oxygen radicals burst to efficiently reduce neuronal mitochondrial damage through a strategically designed sequential targeting strategy from affected brain tissue to neuronal mitochondria. TA endows MHT with sequential targeting ability by binding to matrix proteins exposed to the damaged BBB and mitochondrial outer membrane proteins of neurons, while melanin significantly enhances the antioxidant capacity of MHT. Consequently, MHT effectively inhibits neuronal apoptosis by protecting mitochondria and reversing the inflammatory immune environment through the deactivation of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway. MHT demonstrated a strong therapeutic effect on CIRI, with an ultralow dose (2 mg kg−1) proving effective in reversing the condition. This work not only introduces a new avenue to significantly reduce CIRI through sequential targeting therapy but also offers a new paradigm for treating other ischemia‐reperfusion injury diseases.