bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conscientious War is the Leading Form of Geoeconomic Subordination of Consciousness as a New Subject of Labor in the Context of Neoliberal Globalization
Authors: Zadorozhny Grugorii
Published: March 2022

In the context of globalization, the very subject of labor is changing dramatically – it becomes human consciousness, and changes in the subject of labor – consciousness, technologies for manipulating consciousness have become the most profitable business. Consciousness is also becoming a new subject of a new consistent war, which is associated with a change in consciousness and human identity. The specificity of modern war is determined by the fact that the most important direction of a global war on defeat is connected with destroying the subject that can wage a war and is able to develop and set strategic goals. Therefore, the main offensive is aimed at destroying those intellectual centers that are developing national strategies for survival. Understanding this caused the possibility of changing the knowledge of the world in a new human-dimensional format. By and large, a conscientious war is being waged for the survival of humanity, for its future. In the course of this war, which is essentially a struggle between Technos and HOMOS for victory: the technical artificial world or the human world, a picture of the future is already being formed and implanted in the consciousness of a still-human. It’s a pity that Technos is tactically winning so far. But man, in his divine-ontological being, has all the potential, first of all, spiritual and moral, for a strategic victory. If a person is able in this global crisis world to remain a person as such, who realizes and begins to realize his humanity in every act, then the human future will become the Great Victory of Mankind.
Directions of State Policy to Support Various Groups of the Population and Enterprises During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khandii Olena
Published: March 2022

The impact of quarantine restrictions imposed by the Government of Ukraine had a double effect. It consisted of curbing the spread of coronavirus disease throughout the country and reducing the business activity of some enterprises and the complete cessation of activities of others, which led to a reduction in labor force and rising unemployment, lower GDP and income. Areas of state support to minimize the negative effects of restrictive measures related to the spread of coronavirus COVID-19 were explored in the article by such target groups as employers and the population, including the employed, unemployed, pensioners, IDPs, privileged categories population, those who fell ill with COVID-19. Partial unemployment benefits, credit vacations, tax preferences, cheaper loans for farmers, financial support for agribusiness development, information support, round-the-clock free online consultations for small and medium-sized businesses were highlighted among the main measures of state business support.
Amendments to the State Budget of Ukraine to establish the COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease Fund have been analyzed and the main expenditure items of this Fund have been analyzed. The COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease Foundation provides funding to support groups affected by the pandemic and to strengthen the capacity of the health care system to provide care to those affected by COVID-19. Emphasis was placed on the need to involve the state, business and every citizen of the country in overcoming the spread of coronavirus disease. Anti-crisis measures to counter the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the socio-economic consequences in the labor sphere for the state, employers and the population were proposed. It was concluded that it is important to adhere to the principle of social responsibility and achieve balance in public decisions on the distribution of financial and economic burden of the coronavirus crisis between the state, community, business and population, taking into account these decisions in strategic and medium-term documents on COVID-19 pandemic.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of meropenem therapeutic drug monitoring data (TDM) in critically ill adult patients
Authors: Bondareva I. B. , Zyryanov S. K. , Chenkurov M. S.
Published: March 2022

Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic widely used in treatment of severe infections in ICU. Critically ill patients’ pathophysiological features may cause changes in the pharmacokinetics of meropenem, such as augmented/impaired renal clearance, as well as an increase in the volume of distribution of the drug. Considerable variability in meropenem concentration for the same dosage regimen, severity of the diseases and the escalating antibiotic resistance support the need for an individualization of the dosing in critically ill patients. Estimation of meropenem pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters was performed using the NPAG (non-parametric adaptive grid) program from the Pmetrics package based on peak-trough TDM data. A one-compartment linear PK model with zero-order input and first-order elimination was used to analyze data of the 36 critically ill patients (66 measured meropenem concentrations totally) and to predict pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter values (%T>MIC) based on the time course of free meropenem concentration for empirically prescribed dosage regimens by MIC level. The estimated PK parameters of the meropenem model were in good agreement with those published in the literature earlier. A great interindividual variability for PK parameters from 44.5% up to 167% was revealed. Different regression lines between meropenem clearance and clearance creatinine (CLCr) were registered in patients with CLCr [1] 7 L/h versus > 7 L/h: statistically significant regression (n=30, p=0.015) versus no correlation (n=6, р=0.85), respectively. Bayesian feedback TDM-based meropenem dose personalization is the most practical approach to ensure adequate drug exposure in critically ill patients, especially in patients with augmented renal clearance.
Strategies of antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections in children
Authors: Bunyatyan N. D. , Petrov V. I. , Shatalova O. V. , Ponomareva A. V. , Gorodetskaya G. I. , Prokofiev А. В.
Published: March 2022

The review presents the main directions of antibiotic therapy associated with rational pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pediatric practice. As a serious pediatric problem, UTIs are often prone to recurrence, as well as may lead to the formation of more severe forms of urinary system diseases. Antibiotic therapy, timely and adequate in terms of etiological factors, drug and dosage choice, route of administration, as well as patient’s age, allows to avoid further progression of the disease, as well as development of disability in patients.
Associated resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from humans and animals to polymyxin and beta-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Sulian O. S. , Ageevets V. A. , Sukhinin A. A. , Ageevets I. V. , Abgaryan S. R. , Makavchik S. A. , Kameneva O. A. , Kosyakova K. G. , Mrugova T. M. , Popov D. A. , Punchenko O. E. , Sidorenko S. V.
Published: March 2022

Escherichia coli isolates from various sources from 2018 to 2019 were included in the study. Mcr-1 genes were found in two of 105 animal strains (2%) and seven of 928 human strains (0.8%). All mcr-1-positive strains showed a low level of resistance to colistin (MIC ranged from 4 to 8 µg/ml). Both strains isolated from animals remained sensitive to betalactam antibiotics and did not contain beta-lactamase genes. Beta-lactamases were absent only in one of the strains isolated from humans. Four strains were resistant to cephalosporins with sensitivity to carbapenems and carried class A (blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-1) or class C (blaCMY-2) extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes. One strain showed resistance to cephalosporins and meropenem and contained four beta-lactamase genes: blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, and blaCMY-6. Only one strain isolated from animals remained sensitive to ciprofloxacin, the rest showed high level of resistance, had amino acid substitutions in the DNA gyrase genes or mutations leading to overexpression of the mdfA gene. In terms of resistance to aminoglycosides, the strains varied widely and carried up to four aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes. One strain isolated from humans showed resistance to tigecycline, but no genes conferring resistance to this antibiotic were found. The data obtained substantiate the need for extended studies on the molecular epidemiology of associated resistance to polymyxins and beta-lactams.
OBSERVATION OF THE POETIC UNITY OF THE VERSE IN THE POETRY OF MUHAMMAD RIZA OGAKHI
Authors:   Associate Professor, PhD National Institute of Fine Arts and Design named after K. Bekhzod Tashkent, Uzbekistan, JURAYEVA Nazokat
Published: March 2022

This article presents scientific and analytical ideas on the definition of types in Uzbek literature in terms of the structure of the byte and its function in the structure of the poetic work. Also, in our literature on the relationship of bytes and genres, historical sources have been studied and the correct theoretical foundations have been formed. The level of application, types, and functions of genres such as chiston, the problem is analyzed. This article examines in detail the use of the poetic unity of the byte in the poetry of Muhammad Rizo Ogakhi, a unique representative of Uzbek classical poetry, in the genres created by various poets. that the development of meaning and word movement between verses (tadmin) later led to the development of poetic thinking in the byte, meaning that the bytes, although independent in meaning and lexical expression, the fact that they always have a relative logical connection with each other is shown in the example of Ogakhi’s work. It also explores the relationship between bytes and genres, historical sources, and forms the correct theoretical foundations. Such a relative interrelationship between the bytes serves to ensure the development of poetic imagery, the reaction to the existence of artistic determinism between byte verses in Eastern poetry through scientific considerations and proved by examples that it is the leading law of byte creation for all poets. based on a combination of weight, word, and rhyme. The combination of words and weights in each byte is cedar, hash, aruz in the byte; The rhyme serves not only the function of uniting the verses by creating a melody but also serves to form the content of the byte and to express the idea as a whole.
Validitas LKPD Digital Gerak Harmonik Sederhana Berbasis PhET Simulation
Authors: Endang Susilawati  , Agustinasari Agustinasari
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan LKPD Digital Gerak Harmonik Sederhana Berbasis Phet Simulation. Penelitian ini berfokus pada hasil validitas LKPD yang diujikan ke ahli, guru, dan ujian kepraktisan pada mahasiswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Reasearch & Development. Tahapan pengembangan produk LKPD terdiri dari 5 tahapan: a. studi pendahuluan, b. melakukan perencanaan, c. mengembangkan produk awal dan penilaian kelayakan, d. melakukan uji coba terbatas, e. revisi produk berdasarkan uji coba terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum kualitas LKPD Digital Gerak Harmonik Sederhana Berbasis PhET Simulation yang telah dikembangkan termasuk pada kategori sangat baik yaitu pada 92%. Dengan demikian produk yang telah dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Analisis Posisi Astronomis (Lintang dan Bujur) Terhadap Perbedaan Awal Waktu Shalat di Provinsi Maluku.
Authors: PULU SRI RAHMADANI PULU
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk untuk menganalisis derajat lintang dan bujur suatu tempat untuk mengetahui perbedaan awal waktu shalat pada beberapa lokasi di Provinsi Maluku. Variabel penelitian yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi: a) Lintang Tempat; b) Bujur Tempat; c) Awal Waktu Shalat Fardhu. Derajat lintang dan bujur dari setiap lokasi diperoleh dengan menginput nama lokasi tinjauan pada Open Street Map, dimasukan ke persamaan matematis untuk proses perhitungan. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai lintang dan bujur tempat pada setiap lokasi yang ada di Provinsi Maluku. Hal menunjukan bahwa meskipun berada pada wilayah zona waktu yang sama yaitu GMT +9 dengan deklinasi matahari yang relatif sama, setiap daerah memiliki letak astronomis yang sangat mempengaruhi perbedaan nilai awal waktu shalat pada setiap lokasi. Jadwal waktu shalat sebaiknya dibuat berbasis kabupaten atau kota atau daerah masing-masing dengan menggunakan data astronomis yang terbaru dan bersifat realtime. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa setiap lokasi memiliki derajat lintang dan bujur tempat yang berbeda. Hasil itu mengakibatkan awal waktu shalat fardhu pada setiap lokasi tidak sama persis. Dengan demikian jadwal waktu shalat di kota ambon yang selama ini digunakan sebagai patokan untuk daerah lain di Provinsi Maluku harus ditinjau kembali relevansinya.
ANATOLY NIKOLAEVICH SHCHUKIN AS A HISTORIAN
Authors: Московкин Л.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается вклад профессора А.Н. Щукина в изу-чение истории методики преподавания РКИ, учебников, методистов. Описываются его наиболее значимые работы по истории методики: статьи 1967–1969 гг., учебные пособия 1988 и 2005 гг., монография 2013 г., книга по учебниковедению, вклад в создание биографических словарей.

This article discusses the contribution of Professor A.N. Shchukin in the study of the history of Russian as a foreign language teaching, textbooks, methodologists. The most significant his works on the history of the linguodidactics are described: articles 1967–1969, textbooks 1988, 2005 and monograph 2013, a work on textbooks theory, as well as his contribution to the creation of biographical dictionaries.
Discursive words in speech communication: understanding and using discursive idioms
Authors: Шляхов В.И. , Агафонова К.Е.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматриваются дискурсивные слова, которые представляют серьезную трудность для иностранных учащихся. Современная когнитивно-коммуникативная (глубинная) лингвистика, изучающая метасмысл, все то, что не высказывается прямо, а подразумевается, дает ответ на вопрос, как происходит понимание дискурсивных слов в речевом взаимодействии. Без опоры на эти знания практически невозможно создавать учебные материалы, предназначенные для учащихся, осознавать и применять дискурсивные слова в речевом общении. В статье представлены учебные материалы для иностранных студентов, достигших уровня B1.

The article discusses Russian discursive words that present serious difficulties for foreign students. Modern cognitive-communicative (deep) linguistics in the theory of meta-sense (i.e. implicit meaning expressed indirectly) provides the answer to the question how discursive words are understood in speech communication. Without this knowledge it is practically impossible to make up educational materials for teaching foreign students to understand and use Russian discursive words in communicative situations.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF PRONOMINALIZATION OF NOUNS IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORDS ЧЕЛОВЕК AND 人家 (RENJIA)
Authors: Чжоу Х.
Published: March 2022

Явление прономинализации наблюдается как в русском, так и в китайском языке. В статье рассматривается явление прономинализации имени существительного на материале русского и китайского языков на примере слов человек и 人家 (жэньцзя). Автор анализирует их семантические особенности и грамматические функции. На основе проведенного анализа выявляются сходства и различия прономинализации в русском и китайском языках. Сопоставительный анализ явления прономинализации помогает типологическому исследованию языковых единиц и имеет практическое значение в переводческой и преподавательской работе для китайской аудитории.

The phenomenon of pronominalization is observed both in Russian and in Chinese. The article examines the phenomenon of pronominalization of the noun by the example of the words человек and 人家 Renjia on the material of the Russian and Chinese languages. The author analyzes their semantic features and grammatical functions. Based on the analysis, similarities and differences of pronominalization in the Russian and Chinese languages are revealed. Comparative analysis has great theoretical value for in-depth identification of the essence of language, for typological research of language units, and it has practical significance in translation and teaching work.
Topical issues of pre-university faculties’ students training
Authors: Колтакова Е.В. , Татаринова Н.В. , Чернышева Е.Н.
Published: March 2022

В статье ставится вопрос о необходимости внесения изменений в существующую нормативную базу, регламентирующую содержание и требования к освоению дополнительных общеобразовательных программ, обеспечивающих подготовку иностранных граждан к освоению программ высшего образования на русском языке, что, в свою очередь, должно стать основой для кардинального пересмотра содержания программ, реализуемых на подготовительных факультетах. Материалами для статьи послужили нормативные документы, определяющие деятельность подготовительных факультетов/отделений, а также федеральные государственные образовательные стандарты высшего образования по направлению «Филология» (бакалавриат). В исследовании анализируются учебные планы и рабочие программы дисциплин филологического и подготовительного факультетов Государственного института русского языка им. А.С. Пушкина. Авторы выявляют существующие сегодня проблемы, возникающие у выпускников подготовительных факультетов на начальном этапе освоения программ высшего образования, и предлагают ряд мер, направленных на изменение сложившихся подходов. Делаются выводы о том, что содержание обучения должно быть подчинено главной цели – готовности и способности получения профессионального образования на русском языке, а коммуникативное взаимодействие между преподавателями и слушателями подготовительного факультета должно быть сосредоточено вокруг обсуждения ситуаций, связанных с учебно-профессиональной сферой общения.

The article raises the issue of the need to amend the existing regulatory framework regulating the content and requirements for the development of additional general education programs that prepare foreign citizens for the development of higher education programs in Russian, which in turn ought to become the basis for a radical revision of the programs’ content implemented at the pre-university faculties. The materials for this article were the normative documents regulating the pre-university faculties and centers activities, as well as state standards of higher education in "Philology" field (bachelor's degree). In their research, the authors analyze the curricula and work programs of the disciplines of the philological and the pre-university faculty of the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute. The authors identify the existing problems that arise among pre-university faculties graduates at the beginning stage of mastering higher education programs and propose a number of measures aimed at changing the current situation. The conclusions are drawn that the content of training should be subordinated to its main goal - the readiness and the ability to receive the professional education in Russian, and the communicative interaction between teachers and students of the pre-university faculty should be focused on discussing situations related to the educational and professional sphere of communication.
ON THE ISSUE OF TEACHING RUSSIAN GRAMMAR ON A COMMUNICATIVE BASIS (ELEMENTARY LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY IN RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE)
Authors: Власова Н.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлен материал для практических занятий по РКИ со студентами элементарного уровня (А1). Комплекс заданий по теме «Согласование имен прилагательных с существительными в роде и числе» разработан с учетом коммуникативного подхода в преподавании РКИ и принципа ситуативно-речевой ориентированности упражнений. Предлагаемые задания составлены таким образом, чтобы обеспечить формирование грамматического навыка на ограниченном количестве лексических единиц, которыми обучающиеся владеют достаточно свободно.

The article presents the material for practical Russian as a foreign language classes with students of elementary level (A1). The set of tasks on the topic "Matching adjectives with nouns in gender and number" is made taking into account the communicative approach in teaching Russian as a foreign language and the principle of situational-speech orientation of the exercises. The proposed tasks are designed in such a way as to ensure the formation of a grammatical skill on a limited number of lexical units that students are fluent in.
In Mondovino Veritas? Politics of the Documentary Film for Critical Management Research
Authors: Debenedetti Stéphane , Perret Véronique
Published: March 2022

Whether as a material or a method, the documentary film is increasingly used in management research. An analysis of the filmic device used in Mondovino – a film about the effects of globalization on the wine world – offers an opportunity to explore different politics at work in the documentary film. Based on the concept of politics as defined by Rancière, and the ‘critical device’ of Caillet, we show that the documentary film is a valuable resource for both the cinephile researcher and the filmmaking researcher engaged in critical research. We ascribe three political dimensions to the documentary film: (1) through its filmic device, it operates as an intervention or performance that concretely changes reality within its scope of action (filmmaking); (2) through its narrative, it builds a critical alternative that reconfigures our historical world (worldmaking); and (3) through making the filmic device visible in the cinematographic narrative, it enables the viewer to relate the political act of filmmaking to the critical issues in the narrative (worldmaking in filmmaking).
The number of cancer stem cells in the tumor tissue and perifocal tissue of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Belyakova L. I. , Shevchenko A. N. , Sagakyants A. B. , Bondarenko E. S. , Shulgina O. G. , Ulyanova, E. P. , Filatova E. V. , Khomutenko I. A.
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study. Determine the content of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumor tissue (TT) and perifocal tissues (PT) in muscle-non-invasive bladder cancer.

Materials and methods. We’ve examined fragments of TT and PT of 7 muscle-non-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after surgical intervention – transurethral resection of the urinary bladder (TUR). In tissue samples that were used to obtain cell suspension of TT and PT using the BD Medimachine apparatus (BD, USA) was treated with monoclonal antibodies CD45-APCCy7, CD44-FITC, CD133-РЕ, CD24-PE (BD, USA) and were assessed on flow cytometer FacsCantoII (BD, USA). The percentage of cells with CSC phenotypic markers was determined in the analysis sample: CD45-CD44+CD24+, CD45-CD44+, CD45-CD24+, CD45-CD133+, CD45-CD44+CD133+. The presence of significant differences in the groups was evaluated using the STATISTICA 13 software package and the differences between the samples were considered significant at p < 0.05. The percentage of cells of the corresponding phenotype was calculated relative to the total number of cells. The percentage of cells with the corresponding phenotype was calculated relative to the total number of cells.

Results. The relative numbers of cells with CSC phenotypic markers, such as CD24, CD44, were 77 % and 58 % higher in TT than in PT: 18.3 ± 3.5 vs. 4.3 ± 2.1, p ≤ 0.044 and 15.5 ± 5.3 vs. 6.5 ± 0.8, p ≤ 0.043, respectively. The number of CD133+ cells was 83 % higher in PT compared to TT – 41.6 ± 12.1 vs. 22.7 ± 7.6, p ≤ 0.047.

Conclusion. The study of CSCs is a promising direction for the study of oncogenesis and can be used to assess the nature of the further development of relapse and / or progression of the disease, as well as various therapeutic approaches that are aimed at eliminating with CSC phenotypic markers and blocking the pathways leading to the emergence and maintenance of this cell population in patients with NMIBC.
Leiomyosarcoma of the scalp and lower leg skin. Clinical cases and literature review
Authors: Nepomnyashchaya E. M. , Ulianova Yu. V. , Engibaryan M. A. , Lapteva T. O. , Kuznetsova M. A.
Published: March 2022

Malignant soft tissue tumors localized in the skin, particularly leiomyosarcoma, are rare. Cutaneous leiomyosarcomas could have superficial and deep forms, while subcutaneous leiomyosarcomas are usually nodular. The tumor can spread to the underlying muscle fascia. The immunophenotype of leiomyosarcoma is determined by the following antibodies: ASMA, desmin, and N-caldeston; expression of PanCK is also possible. Researchers do not have any common opinion on the clinical course and biological behavior of cutaneous leiomyosarcomas. This is probably due to the tumor heterogeneity and the carcinogenesis specificity associated with molecular genetic changes. We detected these tumors at the histological examination which resulted in an analysis of the literature and our own material. We analyzed cutaneous tumors diagnosed in 2522 patients during 5 years (2016–2020). Squamous cell and basal cell histotypes were the most common ones. We did not diagnosed cutaneous leiomyosarcoma in our material during this period. This article presents two cases of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma localized in the scalp and calf skin. Morphological and immunohistochemical profiles of the tumors are described. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the morphological diagnosis and established the tumor immunophenotypes. The morphological diagnosis in one case was complicated due to the rarity of this pathology and the ambiguity of the interpretation of histological changes. Analysis of histological preparations and immunohistochemical study allowed verification of the tumor as leiomyosarcoma with its characteristic immunophenotype. All of the above demonstrate the need to perform morphological and immunohistochemical tests in specialized research cancer centers.
Efecto antifúngico in vitro sobre el crecimiento en Candida albicans ATTC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 y Candida krusei ATCC 6258 expuestas al propóleos de Oxapampa a las 24, 48 y 120 horas
Authors: León Untiveros Gina , Sacsaquispe Contreras Sonia , Zurita Macalupú Susana
Published: March 2022

Se conoce el reciente aumento de las enfermedades que comprometen el sistema inmunológico, así como el brote de candidiasis del tipo Candida albicans y no albicans, su renuencia al tratamiento y los molestos síntomas que se presentan. Se sabe también los efectos adversos de los antimicóticos para contrarrestarla. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar el efecto antifúngico del extracto etanólico del propóleos de Oxapampa in vitro sobre las cepas de Candida albicans ATTC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 y Candida krusei ATCC 6258, a las 24, 48 y 120 horas. Se utilizó el método de agar dilución en placas con controles negativo y positivo; y se realizaron lecturas a las 24, 48 y 120 horas. El extracto etanólico de Oxapampa, con una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 12 mg/ml al 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 y 30 %, presenta inhibición completa en el crecimiento in vitro contra las cepas de Candida albicans ATTC 90028, e inhibición parcial en el crecimiento de los otros tipos Candida, como Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 y Candida krusei ATCC 6258, observadas a las 24, 48 y 120 horas (p<0,05). En este estudio podemos concluir que el extracto etanólico de propóleos (EEP) de Oxapampa presenta actividad antifúngica in vitro contra las cepas de Candida albicans ATTC 90028.
Is Online Theological Education Suitable for Spiritual/Ministerial Formation?: A Response from an African Perspective
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: March 2022

The advancement in information and communication technologies in the last few decades has led to various innovations in the world of education. The application of technology makes information more accessible and knowledge more widely distributed, giving rise to various opportunities for instruction and learning. One such example of technological innovations in the education sector is the emergence of online academic institutions across the globe. Rising interests in the theological and pedagogical issues associated with the use of online teaching and learning platforms for spiritual/ministerial formation have prompted this study. Using a literature-based research approach, this paper analyzes data collected from books, journal articles and dissertations to ascertain the appropriateness or otherwise of online theological education for spiritual/ministerial formation from an African Christian perspective. It also discusses some pedagogical issues in online education. The paper argues that there is nothing inherently wrong with the use of online theological education for spiritual/ministerial formation; yet, the lack of access to electricity and internet facilities in some communities and unethical practices in the virtual space are major setbacks in this mode of education. In view of this, spiritual/ministerial formation through online education is encouraged only if the student is committed to ensuring ethical practices in the online learning environment, has the appropriate logistics to access the technologically-mediated teaching and learning process and is enrolled in an institution which has the pedagogical, scholarly, technological requirements for ensuring effective teaching and learning in a virtual space.

Keywords: Africa, Online Education, Theological Education, Spiritual Formation
Microphysics of Water Clouds in the Atmospheres of Y Dwarfs and Temperate Giant Planets
Authors: Mang James , Gao Peter , Hood Callie E. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Batalha Natasha , Yu Xinting , de Pater Imke
Published: March 2022

Water clouds are expected to form on Y dwarfs and giant planets with equilibrium temperatures near or below that of Earth, drastically altering their atmospheric compositions and their albedos and thermal emission spectra. Here we use the 1D Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) to investigate the microphysics of water clouds on cool substellar worlds to constrain their typical particle sizes and vertical extent, taking into consideration nucleation and condensation, which have not been considered in detail for water clouds in H/He atmospheres. We compute a small grid of Y-dwarf and temperate giant-exoplanet atmosphere models with water clouds forming through homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation on cloud condensation nuclei composed of meteoritic dust, organic photochemical hazes, and upwelled potassium chloride cloud particles. We present comparisons with the Ackerman & Marley parameterization of cloud physics to extract the optimal sedimentation efficiency parameter (f
sed) using Virga. We find that no Virga model replicates the CARMA water clouds exactly and that a transition in f
sed occurs from the base of the cloud to the cloud top. Furthermore, we generate simulated thermal emission and geometric albedo spectra and find large, wavelength-dependent differences between the CARMA and Virga models, with different gas absorption bands reacting differently to the different cloud distributions and particularly large differences in the M band. Therefore, constraining the vertically dependent properties of water clouds will be essential to estimate the gas abundances in these atmospheres.
Accreting on the Edge: A Luminosity-dependent Cyclotron Line in the Be/X-Ray Binary 2S 1553-542 Accompanied by Accretion Regimes Transition
Authors: Malacaria C. , Bhargava Y. , Coley Joel B. , Ducci L. , Pradhan P. , Ballhausen R. , Fuerst F. , Islam N. , Jaisawal G. K. , Jenke P. , Kretschmar P. , Kreykenbohm I. , Pottschmidt K. , Sokolova-Lapa E. , Staubert R. , Wilms J. , Wilson-Hodge C. A. , Wolff Michael T.
Published: March 2022

Accreting X-ray pulsars undergo luminous X-ray outbursts during which the luminosity-dependent spectral and timing features of the neutron star’s emission can be analyzed in detail, thus shedding light on the accretion regime at work. We took advantage of a monitoring campaign that was performed with NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, AstroSat and NICER to follow the Be/X-ray Binary 2S 1553-542 along one of its rare outbursts, and thus trace its spectral and timing evolution. We report the discovery of a luminosity-dependent cyclotron line energy for the first time in this source. The pulse profiles and pulsed fraction also show variability along the outburst, which is consistent with the interpretation that the source transitions from the subcritical to the supercritical accretion regime, separated by a critical luminosity of L
crit ≈ 4 × 1037 erg s−1.
Gaia 0007–1605: An Old Triple System with an Inner Brown Dwarf–White Dwarf Binary and an Outer White Dwarf Companion
Authors: Rebassa-Mansergas Alberto , Xu 许 Siyi 偲艺 , Raddi Roberto , Pala Anna F. , Solano Enrique , Torres Santiago , Jiménez-Esteban Francisco , Cruz Patricia
Published: March 2022

We identify Gaia 0007–1605 A,C as the first inner brown dwarf–white dwarf binary of a hierarchical triple system in which the outer component is another white dwarf (Gaia 0007–1605 B). From optical/near-infrared spectroscopy obtained at the Very Large Telescope with the X-Shooter instrument and/or from Gaia photometry plus spectral energy distribution fitting, we determine the effective temperatures and masses of the two white dwarfs (12,018 ± 68 K and 0.54 ± 0.01 M
⊙ for Gaia 0007–1605 A and 4445 ± 116 K and 0.56 ± 0.05 M
⊙ for Gaia 0007–1605 B) and the effective temperature of the brown dwarf (1850 ± 50 K; corresponding to spectral type L3 ± 1). By analyzing the available TESS light curves of Gaia 0007–1605 A,C we detect a signal at 1.0446 ± 0.0015 days with an amplitude of 6.25 ppt, which we interpret as the orbital period modulated from irradiation effects of the white dwarf on the brown dwarf’s surface. This drives us to speculate that the inner binary evolved through a common-envelope phase in the past. Using the outer white dwarf as a cosmochronometer and analyzing the kinematic properties of the system, we conclude that the triple system is about 10 Gyr old.
Significantly correlation between tourism and COVID-19: evidence from 178 countries and territories
Authors: Hu Dingtao , Meng Nana , Lou Xiaoqi , Li Zhen , Teng Ying , Zou Yanfeng , Wang Fang
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The high development of tourism is considered a factor that facilitates the global spread of infectious diseases. The association between tourism and the epidemic of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear.

Methodology: We retrieved the data of COVID-19 in 178 countries/territories from the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. Data on tourism indicators were collected from the World Tourism Organization. We used Spearman's correlation analysis to explore the association between tourism and the epidemic of COVID-19.

Results: We find that international tourism expenditure, international tourism receipts, international tourist arrivals, and international tourism exports were significantly correlated with the total number of cases (rs=0.86, rs=0.79, rs=0.80, rs=0.81, respectively), the daily growth of cases of COVID-19 (rs=0.84, rs=0.76, rs=0.78, rs=0.78, respectively), and the number of cases (per million persons) (rs=0.52, rs=0.53, rs=0.36, rs=0.53, respectively) (p < 0.0001 for all), especially in places with high-income. Tourism as percentage of exports was slightly associated with the total number of cases and the daily growth of cases (rs=-0.33, rs=-0.33) (p < 0.0001 for both).

Conclusions: The clinical and public health care providers must realize the potential for the transmission of infections across regions and put more effort to prevent and respond to future infections.
A novel parC mutation potentiating fluoroquinolone resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinical isolates
Authors: Yakout Marwa Atef , Ali Ghada Hani
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Resistance to fluoroquinolones is mainly due to point mutations that gave rise to amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of either gyrA or parC genes, which may be augmented by plasmid mediated resistance. Accordingly, the main aim of the study was to investigate the mutations in gyrA and parC genes as well as the qnrA and qnrB genes acquisition.

Methodology: 193 Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates were collected, identified and MICs for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were determined. Polymerase Chain Reaction to investigate qnrA, qnrB, gyrA and parC genes followed by DNA sequencing analysis to identify mutations in gyrA and parC genes.

Results: The most prominent mutation in gyrA gene was ser83leu, followed by asp87asn, and lys154arg. Regarding parC mutations, ser80ile was the most detected. Other mutations val141ala and glu84ala were also noted. In addition to a substitution mutation at codon 157 of leucine to tyrosin. To the best of our knowledge this mutation was not previously reported. qnrB was the most detected gene, as 64.7% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 57.1% Escherichia coli were positive. qnrA gene was detected in 11% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 4% of Escherichia coli isolates tested.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the indiscriminate use of fluoroquinolones resulted in the increase of development of resistance either through mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of either gyrA or parC genes augmented by plasmid mediated resistance. The irrational use of new fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin has created selective pressure for the appearance of new mutation.
Retrospective observational study on the epidemiological profile of people living with HIV/AIDS in Pernambuco state, Brazil
Authors: Duarte Coêlho Maria Rosângela Cunha , Rocha Lopes Thaísa Regina , Prado Gonçales Juliana , Araujo Bezerra Luan , Lopes Ribeiro Mirela , Mendes de Oliveira Cahú Georgea Gertrudes , Silva Júnior José Valter Joaquim
Published: March 2022

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a major global public health concern. In Pernambuco state, Brazil, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is among the highest in the country. Herein, a cross-sectional retrospective observational study was carried out with 811 PLWHA followed up at the Clinical Hospital, Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017.

Methodology: The patients’ sociodemographic and behavioral data were obtained by interview. Information about HIV load and CD4 T lymphocyte count were obtained from patients’ records. Data were analyzed for both the total number of PLWHA and gender.

Results: Recife municipality had the highest number of PLWHA. Most PLWHA were 40-44 years old, male, brown ethnicity, heterosexual, single, with elementary education, used condoms regularly, shared sharp objects, had surgery, had no non-HIV sexual infection, did not receive transfusions, did not use injectable drugs, and had no tattoo. The median of first and last CD4 T lymphocyte counts were 241 and 549.5 cells/mm³, respectively. The first HIV load had a median of 14,882 copies/mL (IQR = 613-109,750 copies/mL). Regarding the last viral load, 63.74% had an undetectable load. All patients were using antiretroviral therapy, mean time of 5.9 (± 5.5) years. This epidemiological and medical profile was maintained when PLWHA were analyzed according to gender, except for the report of another sexually transmitted infection, in which 51.4% of men (268/521) reported having/or having had it.

Conclusions: The epidemiological profile of PLWHA in Pernambuco, Brazil, was described. This regional characterization is useful for directing public health policies, contributing to population-directed decision making.
Minor actinides transmutation in pressurized water reactors. 1. Multiple recycling of minor actinides on the example of one VVER reactor
Authors: Kazansky Yury A. , Karpovich Gleb W.
Published: March 2022

This article explores the possibilities and conditions of combustion in a pressurized water reactor of its own accumulated minor actinides (MA). The simplest computational model is used: an infinitely extended medium with the distribution and composition of all materials of the fuel assembly of the reactor core, similar to VVER-1200, with uranium dioxide having an initial 235U enrichment of 4.95%. The burnup model is presented in the form of iterations, each of which simulates a fuel campaign lasting 4 years without refueling. At the start of the cycle, special fuel rods are loaded with minor actinides extracted from the reprocessed SNF of the VVER-1200 reactor. After the end of the fuel campaign, all the MAs are removed from the SNF and used in a new iteration.

As a result of calculations, it was found that the MA mass in the cycle after 3–7 iterations (depending on the number of fuel elements allocated for the placement and accumulation of MAs) tends to an equilibrium state (regardless of the MAs added every 4 years). In other words, the fuel rods allocated for loading MAs play the role of a kind of furnace, into which, in each iteration, MAs from the previous iteration accumulated in the given reactor are loaded. After several iterations, the burned MA mass converted into fission products is compared with the incoming one. The inclusion of MAs in this way into the fuel cycle converts at least 86% of MAs into fission products without affecting the power generation of the nuclear power plant. It is important that MAs are temporarily unloaded from the reactor after the next iteration in order to remove fission products and to add a new portion of MAs. After stopping the reactor operation, about 16% of the total amount of MAs generated for the entire history of the reactor’s life is discharged into the storage facility. The initial fuel composition in the fuel rods allocated for loading MAs differs from the others only in the amount of MAs and the mass of 238U. The simplified computational model used in this work (without annual overloads of the reactor) influenced the burnup depth and, naturally, the duration of operation, i.e., the k∞ value becomes less than 1 after 1056 days instead of the actual 1460 days with annual fuel overloads. This affected the average fuel composition and, consequently, the neutron spectrum, and could affect the main result of the work, i.e., the number of burned-out MAs in different iterations. Additional calculations, taking into account the annual overloads of the reactor, showed that the change in the spectral composition had little effect on the amount of MAs at the end of the fuel campaign (within 2%). It turned out that the replacement of 238U with minor actinides in fuel rods, the number of which is less than 10, leads to a loss of reactivity. When the number of fuel rods for loading MAs is more than 10, the reactivity increases, giving hope for burning up MAs accumulated in several reactors.
Taxonomic revision of the southern African species of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Madika Lydia K. , Moteetee Annah Ntsamaeeng
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study is to provide a revision of the genus Cynoglossum in southern Africa. The genus is taxonomically problematic within the family Boraginaceae, due to the morphological similarities it shares with other closely related genera in the family. Cynoglossum plants are low-growing biennial, perennial, or rarely annual herbs which are recognizable by their hairy stems and leaves, the latter are usually basal and long petiolate. Based on the latest checklist, a total of eight species of this genus are listed for the study region: C. alticola, C. amabile, C. austroafricanum, C. geometricum, C. hispidum, C. lanceolatum, C. obtusicalyx (endemic to South Africa), and C. spelaeum. The occurrence of C. amabile in the region, however, requires further investigation since the only existing specimen was collected within a protected area in the KwaZulu-Natal province. Two specimens collected in the Doornpoort area in Pretoria, Gauteng province, assigned to this species appear to have been misidentified. Diagnostic characters are described, correct nomenclature, synonyms, typification, distribution maps, as well as the key for identifying the studied species, are provided.
SKG4EOSC - Scholarly Knowledge Graphs for EOSC: Establishing a backbone of knowledge graphs for FAIR Scholarly Information in EOSC
Authors: Stocker Markus , Heger Tina , Schweidtmann Artur , Ćwiek-Kupczyńska Hanna , Penev Lyubomir , Dojchinovski Milan , Willighagen Egon , Vidal Maria-Esther , Turki Houcemeddine , Balliet Daniel , Tiddi Ilaria , Kuhn Tobias , Mietchen Daniel , Karras Oliver , Vogt Lars , Hellmann Sebastian , Jeschke Jonathan , Krajewski Paweł , Auer Sören
Published: March 2022

In the age of advanced information systems powering fast-paced knowledge economies that face global societal challenges, it is no longer adequate to express scholarly information - an essential resource for modern economies - primarily as article narratives in document form. Despite being a well-established tradition in scholarly communication, PDF-based text publishing is hindering scientific progress as it buries scholarly information into non-machine-readable formats. The key objective of SKG4EOSC is to improve science productivity through development and implementation of services for text and data conversion, and production, curation, and re-use of FAIR scholarly information. This will be achieved by (1) establishing the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG, orkg.org), a service operated by the SKG4EOSC coordinator, as a Hub for access to FAIR scholarly information in the EOSC; (2) lifting to EOSC of numerous and heterogeneous domain-specific research infrastructures through the ORKG Hub’s harmonized access facilities; and (3) leverage the Hub to support cross-disciplinary research and policy decisions addressing societal challenges. SKG4EOSC will pilot the devised approaches and technologies in four research domains: biodiversity crisis, precision oncology, circular processes, and human cooperation. With the aim to improve machine-based scholarly information use, SKG4EOSC addresses an important current and future need of researchers. It extends the application of the FAIR data principles to scholarly communication practices, hence a more comprehensive coverage of the entire research lifecycle. Through explicit, machine actionable provenance links between FAIR scholarly information, primary data and contextual entities, it will substantially contribute to reproducibility, validation and trust in science. The resulting advanced machine support will catalyse new discoveries in basic research and solutions in key application areas.