bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitim Dersine Karşı Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: BAYRAM Metin , PEKER Alper Tunga , AKA Serkan Tevabil , VURAL Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen
Üniversitesinin farklı Bölümlerinde Eğitim gören öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim
dersine yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesidir. Bu araştırma betimsel araştırma
niteliğindedir. Araştırmanın yöntemini ise tarama modeli oluşturmaktadır.
Tarama modeli bir grubun belirli özelliklerini belirlemek için verilerin
toplanmasını amaçlayan çalışmalardır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2018-2019
yılında Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesin de öğrenim gören yedi farklı bölüm
öğrencilerinden 180 Kadın 260 Erkek toplam 449 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada
öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarına ilişkin veriler Ağır (2007)
tarafından geliştirilen “Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” aracılığı ile
toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS 23.0 program kullanılmıştır.
İkili karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız gruplar için independent samples T-testi
kullanılmış olup çoklu karşılaştırılmalarda ise one way-anova testi
kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arasında ki farklılığın tespit edilmesi için Tukey testi
kullanılmış ve bu çalışmada hata düzeyi 0.05 olarak alınmıştır.

 Çalışmaya Fakülte/yüksekokul açısından
bakıldığında bölüm öğrencileri arasında Uzaktan eğitim dersine karşı avantaj ve
sınırlılıklar alt boyutlarına ilişkin ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farkların
tespit edildiği görülmüştür.
The results of the analysis of the continuous input of additives in the lubricating system of the engine operating on gaseous fuel
Authors: Utaev S. A
Published: September 2019

The issue of ensuring the reliability of internal combustion engines is an urgent complex task, solved in different directions. Important among which are the operating conditions, the type of fuel used, monitoring the condition of engine oils, as well as the rationale for the service life of oils. When improving the design of tractors, it is necessary to take into account the issue of increasing their reliability and durability during operation. The studies show that 40-45 % of failures of agricultural machinery are caused by engine breakage. It is rational to solve the problem of improving the reliability of the engine, determining the state of the aggregates and machine parts on the content of wear products in the oil during engine operation, and making informed decisions to improve the condition of the oil. In order to improve the performance properties the additives are used. In order to determine the effect of the continuous use of additives to the oil, a cylinder was designed, comprising a housing, a cylindrical element for the additive, a cap, an inlet nozzle and an outlet nozzle. The element located inside the housing is filled with an additive. Engine oil lubrication system is supplied from the outside, i.e. in the annular gap between the housing and the element for the additive. In the housing, due to the temperature difference, the process of oil diffusion and additives take place. The purpose of the development of the laboratory setup was to study the influence of external factors on the process of continuous input of additives and the determination of their rational values. Studies have shown that the base number with continuous input of additives increased 1,5 times higher compared to samples of oils, used without a device for continuous input of additives. A device for introducing the additive with a filter element was tested. The operating mode of the installation was set according to the results of studies T = 85 °C, ν = 2 m/s and the concentration of mechanical impurities was 0,25 %. Operational tests of the device were carried out over a period of time until the base number dropped below 2 mgKOH/g. It follows that the oil life cycle increases on average by 15-20 %.
Como o estado brasileiro atua na violação de direitos fundamentais das mulheres transexuais no cumprimento de pena
Authors: Silva Luciana Santos , Silva Danielle Coelho
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo visa analisar e mapear os aparatos legais de tutela das mulheres trans encarceradas fazendo a interface entre o Direito e as Ciências Sociais a partir da categoria analítica de gênero e da atuação do movimento feminista. O trabalho tem como objetivo uma análise crítica sobre a exclusão dessa parcela populacional, uma vez que, inicialmente, elas já têm seus direitos desrespeitados ao não ter sua identidade de gênero. Para tanto foi feito uma revisão bibliográfica, com mapeamento e leitura de artigos, livros e principalmente, da legislação brasileira. A pesquisa foi dividida em quatro partes, passando pela categoria de gênero e sua diferença com o sexo, a definição de transexualidade, a abordagem dos direitos fundamentais, para, por fim, relacionar as mulheres trans com o sistema prisional.
The Factors Which Influence the Level of Usage Success of HCIS (Human Capital Information System) (Case Study of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan)
Authors: Sidik Maulana , Utomo Dr. Elly Sapto
Published: August 2019

HCIS (Human Capital Information System) is human resources management system at Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan (Labour Social Security Administration Agency). The purpose of implementing HCIS is to provide the best service for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan employees while the study of it was to analyze the success in using it with variables test such as system and information quality, perceived easy of use, perceived usefullness and user satisfaction by using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis model. The samples were taken from 449 respondents and analytical tools used are The Measurement Validity Test (Absolute Fit Test, Fit Incremental Test) and Analysis the Indicators and Variables with AMOS (Analysis Moment of Structure) software. Based on the data analysis, the results show that all variables test has a positive effect on user satisfaction, and user satisfaction has a positive influence on usage success.
论人力资源经济的应用与发展
Authors: 田 俊会
Published: August 2019

人力资源经济是各种机构在发展管理中使用的常用方法。能够及时了解公共机构的发展状况,对公共事业的稳定发展产生重大影响。现如今,中国经济的不断发展竞争力不断提高,各机构开始将工作重点放在人力资源经济的应用上。本文主要分析了公共机构人力资源经济应用中存在的问题,阐述了人力资源经济在公共机构中的作用,并提出了一些适合人力资源经济管理的方法。
浅析高校园林绿化养护招标中的问题与对策
Authors: 杜 培明
Published: August 2019

园林绿化养护对高校生态环境建设的可持续发展有着至关重要的作用,但其在实际的招标工作中还存在许多不足之处,本文先后从高校园林绿化养护的重要性；当前高校绿化养护管理招标存在的问题、原因；今后在招标工作中应采取的对策等方面进行探讨,希望能使高校园林绿化养护招标工作规范化、科学化、现代化。同时,对规范园林绿化养护招标工作建立道德秩序具有重要指导意义。
事业单位档案管理的现状及解决策略
Authors: 朱 红梅
Published: August 2019

基于新时代背景下,我国事业单位的发展呈现出新变化,所招考的人才日趋增多。然而档案管理却没有受到关注与重视。随着时代的进步与发展,事业单位的档案管理工作已经显得有些格格不入。由此,本文以事业单位为立足点,通过分析事业单位档案管理工作现状,有针对性、目标性的提出了几点解决策略,以提高事业单位档案管理工作效率与成果,为事业单位的发展创造有利条件。
第三方支付存在的法律风险分析及其防范——以杭州地区运用支付宝免密支付为例
Authors: 金 天
Published: August 2019

在经济全球化的影响下,第三方支付正在迅猛发展,并在我们日常生活中占据越来越大的比重。支付宝作为第三方支付平台的典型代表,在第三方支付平台中所占比重之大更能体现其所含的某些本质特点。就如支付宝在提供便利的同时,蕴含着不可预测的法律风险,第三方支付平台的运用也是如此。本文将以支付宝免密支付为例,深入研究第三方支付所存在的法律风险,并且提出相应的防范措施。本文主要通过文献检索、案例分析以及实际调查,阐述了支付宝免密支付中存在的法律风险,并提出建议。以期对支付宝及其他第三方支付方式起到借鉴性作用。
谈危机时期我国经济金融的发展方向
Authors: 闫 婷
Published: August 2019

我国经济金融发展中存在诸多的危机,故而为了推动经济建设,就应明确危机时期我国的经济金融发展方向。本文主要分析了危机时期中的问题,以及经济危机时期经济金融发展的现状,探讨了危机时期我国金融经济发展的方向,以供参考。
华泰矿业采区皮带机运输能力校验
Authors: 袁 明生
Published: August 2019

华泰矿业是接近开采末期的老矿井,井下煤炭埋藏深,主采区(315采区)运输线长,地地质条件复杂,制约着整个矿井的产量。如何保障沿线带式输送机的安全运行,就成为矿井的工作重点。为了验证输送机的运输量及运行状况,促进设备安全运行,急需对皮带机进行运输能力效验计算,通过实际计算数据,来证明和效验设备的各项指标是否符合标准要求。
浅谈工程测量中的精度控制
Authors: 张 文吉
Published: August 2019

随着社会的迅猛发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对工程的质量要求逐渐增高,这就要求必须做好测量精度控制工作。本文主要针对工程测量中精度控制的必然性、引起工程测量中精度不准的因素以及加强工程测量精度控制的措施做了具体分析,以供参考。
测绘工程测量中无人机遥感技术运用
Authors: 林 青 , 金 红刚 , 葛 存扣
Published: August 2019

随着我国测绘工程的不断发展,传统的测量技术已经无法满足要求。在此背景下,无人机遥感技术具有测绘精准、耗时短等特点,在测绘工程测量中发挥了重要作用。基于此本文在文献研究以及工作实践情况下,主要对测绘工程测量中的无人机遥感技术运用进行了简要的分析。将无人机遥感技术科学合理的应用到测绘工程测量当中,希望能为相关工作者提供借鉴。
NILAI ETIKA DALAM CERITA PEDANDA BAKA
Authors: Arniati Ida Ayu Komang
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini membahas tentang “Nilai Etika dalam Cerita Pedanda Baka Karya Pedanda Nyoman Pidadha dan Ketut Pidadha”. Cerita Pedanda Baka menggambarkan kehidupan sehari-hari khususnya cara orang mempertahankan hidupnya dengan cara kurang baik yakni dengan cara menyalahgunakankepandaiannya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya yakni dengan jalan menipu. Adanya penelitian tentang cerita atau satua “Pedanda Baka” dalam penyampaiannya lebih mudah dipahami serta menjadi inventarisasi dari cerita-cerita yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Bali. Sangat disayangkan bila sebuah karya sastra yang sarat akan makna dan dapat menjadi petuah hidup hilang dari perhatian masyarakat begitu saja. Di samping itu pengenalan nilai etika Agama Hindu melalui mesatua (bercerita) dari orang dewasa kepada orang yang belum dewasa lebih efektif, efisien dan mudah dihayati oleh masyarakat. Demikian juga di kalangan anak-anak sangat diperlukan agar orang tuanya bercerita, sehingga nilai etika dalam cerita Pedanda Baka dapat dijadikan rujukan atau tranformasi melalui sikap dan prilaku kehidupan sehari-hari.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI ZONA II TANJUNG BALAI KARIMUN KEPULAUAN RIAU
Authors: Raswoko Ivan Cahya , Abduh Syamsir , Sukmawidjaja Maula
Published: August 2019

The distribution system is one of the most important elements to be able to distribute electrical energy from power plants to consumers. Tanjung Balai Karimun, Kepulauan Riau is an island near the island of Batam. PT Karimun Power Plant has built a plant with a total capacity of 7.5 MW consisting of 5 machines with a capacity of 1.5 MW each. This research is aimed at the appropriate distribution system to be applied there. Medium voltage air duct is one of the existing systems, and is suitable to be applied in Zone II Tanjung Balai Karimun Riau Islands. The cross section size used in the calculated conduit is 100 mm² in the upstream and 16 mm² in the downstream. These conveyors are supported by a pole with a height of 12 m and with a distance between the poles as wide as 100 m. in this system there is also a transformer with a capacity of 160-4000 kVA. This system was tested using ETAP software and produced data that the available generator was not enough to carry the burden in Zone II Tanjung Balai Karimun. Due to inadequate power generation, the long-term solution is to increase the number of plants while the short-term solution is to reduce the burden to be carried.
Keywords. SUTM, Sistem Distribusi, ETAP
Moraic coda sonority in Chilean Spanish
Authors: Shaftoe Nate
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses coda lenition phenomena in Chilean Spanish, seeking to create a unified analysis for coda obstruent gliding and /s/-reduction. The paper invokes Moraic Theory to motivate lenition of certain segments in coda position. Using Harmonic Serialism, a serial variant of Optimality Theory, Chilean Spanish is shown to have a minimum sonority requirement on coda segments, and lenites insufficiently sonorous segments. /s/ is shown to place-delete to [h] to avoid sonority restrictions. The lack of /ʔ/ causes obstruents to diverge their derivation from that of /s/. Lenition to glottal segments is preferred, but gliding occurs if this is impossible.
Analysis of Information Technology Governance Using the COBIT 5 Framework (Case Study: E-Legal Drafting Legal Section of the Regional Secretariat of Salatiga City)
Authors: Pramita Ady Caecilia Ika , Basuki Prihanto Ngesti , Manuputty Augie David
Published: August 2019

Information Technology (IT) governance is used to manage and optimize IT resources in supporting organizational goals. The Legal Section of the Regional Secretariat of Salatiga City as part of a government organization has built E-Legal Drafting information system to develop the functions of making regional legal products as well as the realization of e-government development in the legal field. The COBIT framework supports IT governance by providing work support to regulate IT alignment with the organization's business objectives. The results of this study are expected to show an overview of the implementation of IT governance in E-Legal Drafting information system from APO domain within the COBIT 5 framework, show the current system information level of capability and performance that is obtained from the measurement of capability levels, and also providing evaluation and recomendation based on the results of the gap analysis to help obtain the quality of information systems expected by the Legal Section of the Regional Secretariat of Salatiga City.
ВПЛИВ ДОВГОТРИВАЛОЇ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ РІЗНОТИПНИХ ПАЛЬОВИХ ТА ІНШИХ ФУНДАМЕНТІВ У ЗАТОРФОВАНИХ ГРУНТАХ НА ЗМІНУ КАТЕГОРІЙ ТЕХНІЧНИХ СТАНІВ БУДИНКІВ В УМОВАХ УЩІЛЬНЕНОЇ ЗАБУДОВИ
Authors: ГЛАДИШЕВ Г.М. , ГЛАДИШЕВ Д.Г. , ГЛАДИШЕВ Р.Д.
Published: September 2019

Розглянуто групу з трьох будинків у центральній частині м. Львова. Один з них, будинок № 23-А, збудований в середині цієї групи 45 років тому і, згідно з чинними нормативнимидокументами є новобудовою по відношенню до інших будинків цієї групи. Розглянуті будинки на час проектування не були розраховані на зусилля, що виникають при їх взаємодії через основу. Особливо це стосується будинку № 23-А, в якому під торцеві цегляні стіни виконано пальові фундаменти на набивних залізобетонних круглих висячих палях довжиною до 9 м. Під колони рамного каркасу виконано пальові фундаменти із забивних залізобетонних коротких пірамідальних паль довжиною 2 м, що за умовами взаємодії з ґрунтовою основою є ущільнюючі та висячі.Геодезичним методом зафіксовано вертикальні переміщення будинків відносно умовного нульового рівня. Зафіксований деформований стан будинків інтегрально враховує і деформований стан ґрунтів основи під їх фундаментами. Отримані нахили та прогини остовів будинків порівняні з граничним значенням. Фактичний прогин будинку № 23-А перевищує максимальне граничне осідання Smax,u=0,1м для такого типу будинків. Відсутність стабільності осідань існуючих різнотипних фундаментів суміжних будинків та їхрізкі перепади пов’язані з конструктивними особливостями фундаментів та різним характером їх роботи в межах фіксованих інженерно-геологічних умов ділянки будівництва. Застосування у пальових фундаментах будинку паль різних типів за характером їх роботи спричинило разом із погіршенням інженерно-геологічного стану основ, значні прогини будинку за рахунок нерівномірних осідань різних типів пальових фундаментів.Проведений аналіз отриманих характерних геометричних параметрів будівель вказує на те, що жорсткість несучих та самонесучих стін та відповідно і просторова жорсткість самих будинків зменшується в процесі довготривалої експлуатації.
STUDI ETNOBIOLOGI TENTANG PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN RURUHI (Syzygium polycephalum Merr.) DI KOTA KENDARI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Dewi Nanang Trisna , Karya Adi
Published: September 2019

AbstrakEtnobotani merupakan ilmu botani yang mempelajari tentang pemanfaatan tumbuh-tumbuhan dalam keperluan sehari-hari dan adat suku bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan Ruruhi (Syzygium polycephalum Merr.) di Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Metode deskriptif (kualitatif) untuk memperoleh gambaran seutuhnya mengenai suatu hal menurut pandangan manusia yang diteliti. Metode pengambilan data dengan cara terjun langsung ke lapangan atau masyarakat Kota Kendari.Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi gambar. Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan Ruruhi sangat beragam, diantaranya adalah dijadikan sebagai bahan bangunan sebesar (0,024%), kayu bakar sebesar (0,061%), obat-obatan sebesar (0,049%), bahan makanan (0,35%), penghias kebun (0,11%), penghasil buah (0,39%) dan pewarna alami (0,012%).Organ tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan adalah batang berjumlah sembilan orang, daun berjumlah 30 orang, bunga berjumlah dua orang, akar berjumlah satu orang orang dan buah berjumlah 82 orang. Kata kunci: Etnobotani, Tumbuhan Ruruhi (Syzygium polycephalum Merr.) dan Pemanfaatannya Abstract Ethnobotany is a botanical science that studies the use of plants in the daily needs and customs of ethnic groups. This study aims to determine the public perception about utilization of Ruruhi Plants (Syzygium polycephalum Merr.) in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. This research uses descriptive method (qualitative) to obtain the full image of a matter according to the human perspective studied. Methods of data collection by way of going directly to the field or the people of Kendari City. Retrieving data using interview techniques and image documentation. The results showed that community perceptions about the use of Ruruhi plants were very diverse, including building materials (0.024%), firewood (0.061%), medicines (0.049%), food ingredients (0.35%), garden decoration (0.11%), fruit producers (0.39%) and natural dyes (0.012%). Plant organs that are utilized are nine people in stem, 30 in leaves, two in flowers, one person in roots and 82 people. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ruruhi Plants (Syzygium polycephalum Merr.) and Utilization
STUDI BIOMASSA LAMUN (Enhalus acoroides L.) DAN (Halodule pinifolia) BERDASARKAN KEDALAMAN AIR LAUT DI PANTAI DESA TANJUNG TIRAM SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Lisdawati Lisdawati , Ahmad Sitti Wirdhana , Siwi Laode
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biomassa dan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kandungan biomassa lamun Enhalus acorroides L. dan Halodule pinifolia berdasarkan kedalaman air laut di Pantai Desa Tanjung Tiram. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni - Agustus 2018. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga titik pengamatan dengan menggunakan metode purposif sampling berdasarkan kedalaman perairan yaitu kedalaman 1 meter, 2 meter dan 3 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan biomassa lamu Enhalus acorroides L. yang terdapat pada kedalaman 1 m total biomassa 316,73 g/m2, kedalaman 2 m total biomassa 197,56 g/m2 dan kedalaman 3 m total biomassa 38,26 g/m2. Kandungan biomassa jenis lamun Halodule pinifolia pada kedalaman 1 m total biomassa 1,6 g/m2, kedalaman 2 m total biomassa 2,97 g/m2 dan kedalaman 3 m total biomassa 0,25 g/m2. Faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kandungan biomassa lamun Enhalus acorroides L. dan Halodule pinifolia pada Perairan Pantai Desa Tanjung Tiram yaitu substrat, kandungan bahan organik (KOT), intensitas cahaya, suhu, salinitas dan kekeruhan. Kata kunci : Biomassa, Enhalus acorroides L. dan Halodule pinifolia ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the biomass and environmental factors that influence the seagrass biomass content of Enhalus acorroides L. and Halodule pinifolia based on the depth of sea water in Tanjung Tiram Village Beach. This research was conducted during June-August 2018. This research was explorative. Sampling area were carried out at three points by observation using purposive sampling method depth water depth of 1 meter, 2 meter and 3 meter. The biomass was estimated in the plot, while enviromental factors that influence the seagrass biomass content of Enhalus acorroides L. and Halodule pinifolia in Tanjung Tiram Village Beach are substrate, nutrient content (KOT), light intensity, temperature, salinity and turbidity. The results showed that Enhalus acorroides L biomass contained at a depth of 1 m total biomass of 316.73 g/m2, depth of 2 m total biomass of 197.56 g/m2 and depth of 3 m total biomass of 38.26 g/m2. Biomass content of Halodule pinifolia seagrass at a depth of 1 m total biomass of 1.6 g / m2, depth of 2 m total biomass of 2.97 g/m2 and a depth of 3 m of total biomass of 0.25 g / m2. Keywords: Biomass, Enhalus acorroides L. and Halodule pinifolia
Professor Smith goes to Washington: Educational Interest Group Lobbying, 1998 - 2017
Authors: Marsicano Christopher , Brooks Christopher
Published: August 2019

Congressional lobbying by education-related interest groups is an understudied subject in education research. This research brief uses Congressional lobbying expenditure data from 1998 to 2017 to examine trends in lobbying behavior by labor unions, K-12 education providers, and public, private non-profit, and for-profit higher education institutions. Education interest groups have spent in excess of $2 billion lobbying Congress since 1998. Higher education institutions represent a disproportionate share of lobbying activity and expenditures, accounting for almost 70 percent of education-focused interest groups and around 80 percent of education-related lobbying expenditures. Lobbying expenditures steadily rose until 2011 before rapidly declining. The brief speculates as to the possible reasons for these trends and concludes with a call for greater research on lobbying for education.
Requerimientos ajustados a la Desnutrición del Paciente Oncológico
Authors: Rodríguez Veintimilla Dolores , Frías Toral Evelyn , Santana Portoben Sergio
Published: August 2019

Propósito de la revisión: Este artículo explica las causas de desnutrición en el paciente con cáncer y  los requerimientos de energía y nutrientes específicos para esta población.

Recientes Hallazgos: En la caquexia cancerosa del paciente tumoral existe una incrementada lipólisis, favorecida por una disminución de la actividad de la  Lipoproteína Lipasa (LPL) del Tejido Adiposo Blanco (TAB) y que propicia un aumento de niveles de Triacilgliceroles (TAG) circulantes. No existe evidencia de que el soporte nutricional incremente el crecimiento tumoral.

Extracto: La desnutrición en los pacientes con cáncer se debe a tres grandes grupos, el primero relacionado a nutrientes (su déficit, metabolismo, alteraciones de absorción), el segundo grupo por la presencia de la Caquexia Cancerosa y el tercer grupo relacionado con el tumor, el paciente y los tratamientos recibidos. De acuerdo a las Guías de la Sociedad Europea de Nutrición para pacientes con cáncer, se recomienda que si el gasto de energía en pacientes oncológicos no es medido específicamente a cada paciente se haga un cálculo de 25 - 30 Kcal/Kg de peso/día.
Kekuasaan dalam Pandangan Negara Konvensional dan Negara Islam
Authors: Askarmin Harun Alsar Andri,
Published: August 2019

Power is the opportunity for a person or group of people to make the community aware of their own desires, while simultaneously applying them to the actions of resistance from certain people or groups. Basically, power is intended to protect the people they lead, and that power is to achieve common goals and ideals of the state. With the glory of the power's purpose, power should not be misused, as a tool to enrich oneself, certain groups and parties, and in exercising power that has been achieved has constitutional legitimacy so that it truly has a legal position
Optimization Provenance of Whiplash Compensation for Flexible Space Robotics
Authors: Sands Timothy
Published: August 2019

Automatic controls refer to the application of control theory to regulate systems or processes without human intervention, and the notion is often usefully applied to space applications. A key part of controlling flexible space robotics is the control-structures interaction of a light, flexible structure whose first resonant modes lie within the bandwidth of the controller. In this instance, the designed-control excites the problematic resonances of the highly flexible structure. This manuscript reveals a novel compensator capable of minimum-time performance of an in-plane maneuver with zero residual vibration (ZV) and zero residual vibration-derivative (ZVD) at the end of the maneuver. The novel compensator has a whiplash nature of first commanding maneuver states in the opposite direction of the desired end state. For a flexible spacecraft simulator (FSS) free-floating planar robotic arm, this paper will first derive the model of the flexible system in detail from first principles. Hamilton’s principle is augmented with the adjoint equation to produce the Euler–Lagrange equation which is manipulated to prove equivalence with Newton’s law. Extensive efforts are expended modeling the free–free vibration equations of the flexible system, and this extensive modeling yields an unexpected control profile—a whiplash compensator. Equations of motion are derived using both the Euler–Lagrange method and Newton’s law as validation. Variables are then scaled for efficient computation. Next, general purposed pseudospectral optimization software is used to seek an optimal control, proceeding afterwards to validate optimality via six theoretical optimization necessary conditions: (1) Hamiltonian minimization condition; (2) adjoint equations; (3) terminal transversality condition; (4) Hamiltonian final value condition; (5) Hamiltonian evolution equation; and lastly (6) Bellman’s principle. The results are novel and unique in that they initially command full control in the opposite direction from the desired end state, while no such results are seen using classical control methods including classical methods augmented with structural filters typically employed for controlling highly flexible multi-body systems. The manuscript also opens an interesting question of what to declare when the six optimality necessary conditions are not necessarily in agreement (we choose here not to declare finding the optimal control, instead calling it suboptimal).
Marker Assisted Transfer of Stripe Rust and Stem Rust Resistance Genes into Four Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Randhawa Mandeep S. , Bains Navtej S. , Sohu Virinder S. , Chhuneja Parveen , Trethowan Richard M. , Bariana Harbans S. , Bansal Urmil
Published: August 2019

Three rust diseases namely; stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are the most common fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cause significant yield losses worldwide including Australia. Recently characterized stripe rust resistance genes Yr51 and Yr57 are effective against pre- and post-2002 Pst pathotypes in Australia. Similarly, stem rust resistance genes Sr22, Sr26, and Sr50 are effective against the Pgt pathotype TTKSK (Ug99) and its derivatives in addition to commercially important Australian pathotypes. Effectiveness of these genes make them good candidates for combining with known pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR) genes to achieve durable resistance against three rust pathogens. This study was planned to transfer rust resistance genes Yr51, Yr57, Sr22, Sr26, and Sr50 into two Australian (Gladius and Livingston) and two Indian (PBW550 and DBW17) wheat cultivars through marker assisted selection (MAS). These cultivars also carry other rust resistance genes: Gladius carries Lr37/Yr17/Sr38 and Sr24/Lr24; Livingston carries Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, and Sr2; PBW550 and DBW17 carry Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 and Lr26/Yr9/Sr31. Donor sources of Yr51 (AUS91456), Yr57 (AUS91463), Sr22 (Sr22/3*K441), Sr26 (Sr26 WA1), and Sr50 (Dra-1/Chinese Spring ph1b/2/3* Gabo) were crossed with each of the recurrent parents to produce backcross progenies. Markers linked to Yr51 (sun104), Yr57 (gwm389 and BS00062676), Sr22 (cssu22), Sr26 (Sr26#43), and Sr50 (Sr50-5p-F3, R2) were used for their MAS and markers csLV34 (Lr34/Yr18/Sr57), VENTRIUP-LN2 (Lr37/Yr17/Sr38), Sr24#12 (Sr24/Lr24), and csSr2 (Sr2) were used to select genes present in recurrent parents. Progenies of selected individuals were grown and selected under field conditions for plant type and adult plant rust responses. Final selections were genotyped with the relevant markers. Backcross derivatives of these genes were distributed to breeding companies for use as resistance donors.
Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Redox-Cycling Quinones is Influenced by NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Polymorphism
Authors: Glorieux Christophe , Calderon Pedro Buc
Published: September 2019

Background: Cancer cell sensitivity to drugs may be associated with disturbed antioxidant enzymes expression. We investigated mechanisms of resistance by using oxidative stress-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells (Resox cells). Since nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H): quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) is modified in tumors and oxidative stress-resistant cells, we studied its role in cells exposed to β-lapachone, menadione, and doxorubicin. Methods: Normal mammary epithelial 250MK, MCF-7, and Resox cells were employed. NQO1 expression and enzyme activity were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and biochemical assays. Dicoumarol and gene silencing (siRNA) were used to modulate NQO1 expression and to assess its potential drug-detoxifying role. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) or clonogenic assays were used to investigate cytotoxicity. NQO1 variants, NQO1*1 (wt), and NQO1*2 (C609T), were obtained by transfecting NQO1-null MDA-MB-231 cell line. Results: Resox cells have higher NQO1 expression than MCF-7 cells. In 250MK cells its expression was low but enzyme activity was higher suggesting a variant NQO1 form in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 and Resox cells are heterozygous NQO1*1 (wt)/NQO1*2 (C609T). Both NQO1 polymorphism and NQO1 overexpression are main determinants for cell resistance during oxidative stress. NQO1 overexpression increases cell sensitivity to β-lapachone whereas NQO1*2 polymorphism triggers quinone-based chemotherapies-sensitivity. Conclusions: NQO1 influences cancer cells redox metabolism and their sensitivity to drugs. We suggest that determining NQO1 polymorphism may be important when considering the use of quinone-based chemotherapeutic drugs.
Acoustic and Aerodynamic Coupling during Phonation in MRI-Based Vocal Tract Replicas
Authors: Probst Judith , Lodermeyer Alexander , Fattoum Sahar , Becker Stefan , Echternach Matthias , Richter Bernhard , Döllinger Michael , Kniesburges Stefan
Published: August 2019

Voiced speech is the result of a fluid-structure-acoustic interaction in larynx and vocal tract (VT). Previous studies show a strong influence of the VT on this interaction process, but are limited to individually obtained VT geometries. In order to overcome this restriction and to provide a more general VT replica, we computed a simplified, averaged VT geometry for the vowel /a/. The basis for that were MRI-derived cross-sections along the straightened VT centerline of six professional tenors. The resulting mean VT replica, as well as realistic and simplified VT replicas of each tenor were 3D-printed for experiments with silicone vocal folds that show flow-induced oscillations. Our results reveal that all replicas, including the mean VT, reproduce the characteristic formants with mean deviations of 12% when compared with the subjects’ audio recordings. The overall formant structure neither is impaired by the averaging process, nor by the simplified geometry. Nonetheless, alterations in the broadband, non-harmonic portions of the sound spectrum indicate changed aerodynamic characteristics within the simplified VT. In conclusion, our mean VT replica shows similar formant properties as found in vivo. This indicates that the mean VT geometry is suitable for further investigations of the fluid-structure-acoustic interaction during phonation.
Influence of Inflow Turbulence on the Flow Characteristics around a Circular Cylinder
Authors: Yao Jianfeng , Lou Wenjuan , Shen Guohui , Guo Yong , Xing Yuelong
Published: September 2019

To study the influence of turbulence on the wind pressure and aerodynamic behavior of smooth circular cylinders, wind tunnel tests of a circular cylinder based on wind pressure testing were conducted for different wind speeds and turbulent flows. The tests obtained the characteristic parameters of mean wind pressure coefficient distribution, drag coefficient, lift coefficient and correlation of wind pressure for different turbulence intensities and of Reynolds numbers. These results were also compared with those obtained by previous researchers. The results show that the minimum drag coefficient in the turbulent flow is basically constant at approximate 0.4 and is not affected by the turbulence intensity. When the Reynolds number is in the critical regime, the lift coefficient increased sharply to 0.76 in the smooth flow, indicating that flow separation has an asymmetry; however, the asymmetry does not appear in the turbulent flow. Drag coefficient decreases sharply at a lower critical Reynolds number in the turbulent flow than in the smooth flow. In the smooth flow, the separation point is about 80° in the subcritical regime; it suddenly moves backwards in the critical regime and remains almost unchanged at about 140° in the supercritical regime. However, the angular position of the separation point will always be about 140° for turbulent flow for the Reynolds number in these three regimes. Turbulence intensity and Reynolds number have a significant effect on the correlation of wind pressures around the circular cylinder. Turbulence will weaken the positive correlation of the same side and also reduce the negative correlation between the two sides of the circular cylinder.
Plasmonic Tweezers towards Biomolecular and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Han Xue , Sun Changsen
Published: September 2019

With the capability of confining light into subwavelength scale, plasmonic tweezers have been used to trap and manipulate nanoscale particles. It has huge potential to be utilized in biomolecular research and practical biomedical applications. In this short review, plasmonic tweezers based on nano-aperture designs are discussed. A few challenges should be overcome for these plasmonic tweezers to reach a similar level of significance as the conventional optical tweezers.
A Novel Analytical Method of Inductance Identification for Direct Drive PMSM with a Stator Winding Fault Considering Spatial Position of the Shorted Turns
Authors: Gao Caixia , Gao Mengzhen , Si Jikai , Su Peng , Hu Yihua
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a novel analytical method (NAM) of inductance identification for a direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (DDPMSM) with a stator winding fault (SWF), which considers the spatial position of the shorted turns. First, the structure of the DDPMSM is introduced and its key parameters are reported. Second, the NAM on the inductance identification is elaborated. The inductance analytical expressions of the faulty coil are derived in detail, in which the inductances of the faulty coil and the fault branch can be quickly calculated according to the spatial position coordinates of fault turns. Then, the model of DDPMSM with SWF is established. Finally, using the NAM, finite-element method (FEM), and the simplified analytical method (SAM), the inductances of the faulty coil and the branch are calculated under different fault conditions. Additionally, the fault current of the faulty coil is also studied, where the value of the fault current reflects the fault severity. The comparisons among the FEM, NAM, and SAM show that the accuracy of the NAM is higher than that of the SAM.
Sex Differences in the Footprint Analysis During the Entire Gait Cycle in a Functional Equinus Condition: Novel Cross Sectional Research
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez Eva María , Becerro de Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Díaz-Velázquez José Ignacio , Casado-Hernández Israel , Calvo-Lobo Cesar , López-López Daniel , Rodríguez-Sanz David
Published: September 2019

Some studies suggest that gender is related to gait. Females show significantly higher ankle motion and vertical ground reaction forces. Males have significantly larger plantar contact surface areas in all regions of the foot than females in most, but not all, prior studies. However, there is no research on sex differences in a functional equinus condition. In this study, 119 individuals, including 59 females (29.7 ± 5.15 years, 58.74 ± 6.66 kg, 163.65 ± 5.58 cm) and 60 males (31.22 ± 6.06 years, 75.67 ± 9.81 kg, 177.10 ± 6.16 cm), with a functional equinus condition walked onto a pressure platform. In two separate testing sessions, five trials of each foot were conducted for the first, second, and third steps. We measured the contact surface areas for each of the three phases of the stance phase. We computed the intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of the mean to assess the reliability. We found significantly greater contact surface areas in males than females in the first, second, and third steps in all phases of the stance phase: heel strike, mid-stance, and take-off. This is important information for the design of footwear and orthotics and gender knowledge. In a functional equinus condition, males have registered greater contact surface areas than females in all phases of the dynamic footprint of the stance phase.
Investigation of the Fatigue Behaviour of a Ballastless Slab Track–Bridge Structural System under Train Load
Authors: Zhou Lingyu , Yang Linqi , Shan Zhi , Peng Xiusheng , Mahunon Akim D.
Published: September 2019

To probe into the time-dependent behaviour of the ballastless track–bridge structural system under train load, based on the import of the static and fatigue damage constitutive model of materials to simulate damage deterioration of the structural system and interface cohesive zone model to the interface layer, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the China Railway Track System Type II (CRTS II) ballastless track–bridge structural system was established using the equivalent static method. Then, using this model, we developed the numerical simulation analysis of the influence law of material damage deterioration on structural system performance under train load and revealed the fatigue evolution of the structural system. The results show that the beam remains in compressed status for the whole process, the track is in compression in the midspan and in tension at the beam end, and the tensile stress is larger near the shear groove under the double-track static load. Under the fatigue load, stiffness degradation of the structural system is not obvious, and integral rigidity of the structural system is dependent on the rigidity of the beam. Strength reduction of the materials caused stress redistribution of the structural system and had a larger effect on the stress of each layer of track structure than on the stress on the beam. The fatigue degradation of the cement-emulsified asphalt (CA) mortar layer material has a significant impact on the structural system, which directly affects structural layer stress variation with the fatigue loading cycle.
A Numerical Study of Aerosol Effects on Electrification with Different Intensity Thunderclouds
Authors: Shi Zheng , Li LuYing , Tan YongBo , Wang HaiChao , Li ChunSun
Published: August 2019

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of varying CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) concentration on dynamic, microphysics, electrification, and charge structure in weak, moderate, and severe thunderstorms. The results show that the response of electrification to the increase of CCN concentration is a nonlinear relationship in different types of thunderclouds. The increase in CCN concentration leads to a significant enhancement of updraft in the weak thunderclouds, while the high CCN concentration in moderate and severe thunderclouds leads to a slight reduction in maximum updraft speed. The increase of the convection promotes the lift of more small cloud droplets, which leads to a faster and stronger production of ice crystals. The production of graupel is insensitive to the CCN concentration. The content of graupel increases from low CCN concentration to moderate CCN concentration, and slightly decreases at high CCN concentration, which arises from the profound enhancement of small ice crystals production. When the intensity of thundercloud increases, the reduction of graupel production will arise in advance as the CCN concentration increases. Charge production tends to increase as the aerosol concentration rises from low to high in weak and moderate thundercloud cases. However, the magnitude of charging rates in the severe thundercloud cases keeps roughly stable under the high CCN concentration condition, which can be attributed to the profound reduction of graupel content. The charge structure in the weak thundercloud at low CCN concentrations keeps as a dipole, while the weak thunderclouds in the other cases (the CCN concentration above 100 cm−3) change from a dipole charge structure to a tripole charge structure, and finally disappear with a dipole. In cases of moderate and severe intensity thunderclouds, the charge structure depicts a relatively complex structure that includes a multilayer charge region.
Impact of Contact Constraints on the Dynamics of Idealized Intracranial Saccular Aneurysms
Authors: Alam Manjurul , Seshaiyer Padmanabhan
Published: August 2019

The rupture potential of intracranial aneurysms is an important medical question for physicians. While most intracranial (brain) aneurysms are asymptomatic, the quantification of rupture potential of both symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions is an active area of research. Furthermore, an intracranial aneurysm constrained by an optic nerve tissue might be a scenario for a physician to deal with during the treatment process. In this work, we developed a computational model of an idealized intracranial saccular aneurysm constrained by a rigid nerve tissue to investigate the impact of constrained nerve tissues on the dynamics of aneurysms. A comparative parametric study for constraints of varying length on aneurysm surface was considered. Our computational results demonstrated the impact of contact constraints on the level of stress near the fundus and provided insight on when these constraints can be protective and when they can be destructive. The results show that lesions with long contact constraints generated higher stress (0.116 MPa), whereas lesions without constraints generated less stress (0.1 MPa) at the fundus, which indicated that lesions with nerve constraints can be protective and less likely to rupture than the lesions without constraints. Moreover, lesions with point load on the fundus generated the highest stress (18.15 MPa) and, hence, they can be destructive.
Integrated Approaches to Reveal Genes Crucial for Tannin Degradation in Aureobasidium melanogenum T9
Authors: Zhang Lin-Lin , Li Jie , Wang Yi-Lin , Liu Song , Wang Zhi-Peng , Yu Xin-Jun
Published: September 2019

Tannins biodegradation by a microorganism is one of the most efficient ways to produce bioproducts of high value. However, the mechanism of tannins biodegradation by yeast has been little explored. In this study, Aureobasidium melanogenum T9 isolated from red wine starter showed the ability for tannins degradation and had its highest biomass when the initial tannic acid concentration was 20 g/L. Furthermore, the genes involved in the tannin degradation process were analyzed. Genes tan A, tan B and tan C encoding three different tannases respectively were identified in the A. melanogenum T9. Among these genes, tan A and tan B can be induced by tannin acid simultaneously at both gene transcription and protein expression levels. Our assay result showed that the deletion of tanA and tanB resulted in tannase activity decline with 51.3 ± 4.1 and 64.1 ± 1.9 U/mL, respectively, which is much lower than that of A. melanogenum T9 with 91.3 ± 5.8 U/mL. In addition, another gene coding gallic acid decarboxylase (gad) was knocked out to better clarify its function. Mutant Δgad completely lost gallic acid decarboxylase activity and no pyrogallic acid was seen during the entire cultivation process, confirming that there was a sole gene encoding decarboxylase in the A. melanogenum T9. These results demonstrated that tanA, tanB and gad were crucial for tannin degradation and provided new insights for the mechanism of tannins biodegradation by yeast. This finding showed that A. melanogenum has potential in the production of tannase and metabolites, such as gall acid and pyrogallol.
Breaking Therapy Resistance: An Update on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Improvements of Cancer Therapy
Authors: Schirrmacher Volker , van Gool Stefaan , Stuecker Wilfried
Published: August 2019

Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. It may exist from the beginning, or it may develop during therapy. The review focusses on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a biological agent with potential to break therapy resistance. This avian virus combines, upon inoculation into non-permissive hosts such as human, 12 described anti-neoplastic effects with 11 described immune stimulatory properties. Fifty years of clinical application of NDV give witness to the high safety profile of this biological agent. In 2015, an important milestone was achieved, namely the successful production of NDV according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Based on this, IOZK in Cologne, Germany, obtained a GMP certificate for the production of a dendritic cell vaccine loaded with tumor antigens from a lysate of patient-derived tumor cells together with immunological danger signals from NDV for intracutaneous application. This update includes single case reports and retrospective analyses from patients treated at IOZK. The review also presents future perspectives, including the concept of in situ vaccination and the combination of NDV or other oncolytic viruses with checkpoint inhibitors.
BIM4Ren: Barriers to BIM Implementation in Renovation Processes in the Italian Market
Authors: Elagiry Mohamed , Marino Valentina , Lasarte Natalia , Elguezabal Peru , Messervey Thomas
Published: August 2019

As a part of BIM4REN (Building Information Modelling based tools & technologies for fast and efficient RENovation of residential buildings) H2020 project, an analysis of the barriers of the renovation process, the potential of digitalization to overcome those barriers, and the requirements to ensure a successful digital workflow. This paper focuses on the Italian market where surveys, interviews, and a workshop were conducted, and then a diagnosis was made on the results obtained. Results show that technological innovation on BIM tools cannot be a stand-alone action to reach a full digitalization of the renovation sector, but it shall be supported by a major awareness of the actors involved, improved skills, and competences, as well as an important change of approach in the current construction practice.
Etiology-Specific Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Transcriptome Reveals Genetic Dysregulation in Pathways Implicated in Immunotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Li Wei Tse , Zou Angela E. , Honda Christine O. , Zheng Hao , Wang Xiao Qi , Kisseleva Tatiana , Chang Eric Y. , Ongkeko Weg M.
Published: August 2019

Immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as arguably the most effective treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the failure of a large percentage of patients to respond to immunotherapy remains as the ultimate obstacle to successful treatment. Etiology-associated dysregulation of immune-associated (IA) genes may be central to the development of this differential clinical response. We identified immune-associated genes potentially dysregulated by alcohol or viral hepatitis B in HCC and validated alcohol-induced dysregulations in vitro while using large-scale RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Thirty-four clinically relevant dysregulated IA genes were identified. We profiled the correlation of all genomic alterations in HCC patients to IA gene expression while using the information theory-based algorithm REVEALER to investigate the molecular mechanism for their dysregulation and explore the possibility of genome-based patient stratification. We also studied gene expression regulators and identified multiple microRNAs that were implicated in HCC pathogenesis that can potentially regulate these IA genes’ expression. Our study identified potential key pathways, including the IL-7 signaling pathway and TNFRSF4 (OX40)- NF-κB pathway, to target in immunotherapy treatments and presents microRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for dysregulated IA genes because of their extensive regulatory roles in the cancer immune landscape.