bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Comorbid Pathologies and Their Clinical Impact in Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Sekiya Hiroaki , Koga Shunsuke , Murakami Aya , DeTure Michael , Ross Owen A. , Uitti Ryan J. , Cheshire William P. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Dickson Dennis W.
Published: November 2023

Background

Mixed pathology is common at autopsy for a number of age‐associated neurodegenerative disorders; however, the frequency of comorbid pathologies in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and their clinical correlations are poorly understood.

Objective

We determined the frequency of comorbid pathologic processes in autopsy‐confirmed MSA and assessed their clinical correlates.

Methods

This study included 160 neuropathologically established MSA from the Mayo Clinic brain bank. Clinical information, including age at onset or death, clinical subtype, initial symptoms, antemortem clinical diagnosis, and cognitive dysfunction was collected. We assessed comorbid pathologies including Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change, Lewy‐related pathology, argyrophilic grain disease, age‐related τ astrogliopathy, transactive DNA‐binding protein 43 pathology, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and cerebrovascular small vessel disease and examined their clinical impact.

Results

The majority of MSA patients (62%) had no significant comorbid pathologies. There was a positive correlation between age at onset or death with the number of comorbid pathologies; however, even in the highest quartile group (average age at death 78 ± 6 years), the average number of comorbid pathologies was <2. Logistic regression analysis revealed that none of the assessed variables, including sex, age at onset, and the presence or absence of each comorbid pathology, were significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusions

The majority of MSA patients do not have comorbid pathologies, even in advanced age, indicating that MSA is unique among neurodegenerative disorders in this regard. There was minimal clinical impact of comorbid pathologies in MSA. These findings warrant focusing on α‐synuclein for the treatment strategy for MSA. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Ab initio artificial intelligence: Future research of Materials Genome Initiative
Authors: Li He , Xu Yong , Duan Wenhui
Published: November 2023

The marriage of artificial intelligence (AI) and Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) could profoundly change the landscape of modern materials research, leading to a new paradigm of data‐driven and AI‐driven materials discovery. In this perspective, we will give an overview on the central role of AI in the MGI research. In particular, an emerging research field of ab initio AI, which applies state‐of‐the‐art AI techniques to help solve bottleneck problems of ab initio computation, will be introduced. The development of ab initio AI will greatly accelerate high‐throughput computation, promote the construction of large materials database, and open new opportunities for future research of MGI.
Dental wear in a marine economy: A case study from Philistine Ashkelon
Authors: Kalisher Rachel , Master Daniel M. , Bailey Shara E. , Bromage Timothy G.
Published: November 2023

In the Iron Age IIA Philistine cemetery at Ashkelon (modern Israel), roughly 11% of individuals exhibit severe and highly variable dental wear, which we explore here at two timescales: wear that accumulates over days and weeks (microwear) and wear that accumulates over months and years (macrowear). Using teeth from both adult and nonadult individuals, we first established categories of dental macrowear patterns and sorted individuals within them. We then made replicas of the teeth from 27 individuals having both typical and atypical dental wear and performed metrology by noncontact profilometry on a reflected light microscope. We then calculated each tooth's surface roughness (Sa) and collected qualitative observations of teeth within each macrowear category. Our findings show no macrowear or microwear pattern exclusive to sex or age group. Likewise, there are no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in Sa between adult males and females, and sampled nonadults fall within two standard deviations of the pooled adult means. The microscopic surfaces of all teeth show a wide variety of textures on the occlusal surfaces, including wavy striations, deep parallel striations, globular pitting, and newly described rectangular pits. These results indicate that individuals used their teeth as a third hand while manipulating objects and that children also participated in these activities. Due to the similarities in dental wear between Ashkelon and other coastal populations, we conclude that the observed wear patterns arose from the performance of specialized tasks for a marine‐based economy.
Polygenic risk of obesity and BMI trajectories over 36 years: A longitudinal study of adult Finnish twins
Authors: Berntzen Bram J. , Palviainen Teemu , Silventoinen Karri , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study investigated 36‐year BMI trajectories in twins whose BMI in young adulthood was below, within, or above their genetically predicted BMI, with a focus on twin pairs with large intrapair BMI differences (within‐pair ΔBMI ≥ 3 kg/m2).

Methods

Together, 3227 like‐sexed twin pairs (34% monozygotic) were examined at age ~30 years in 1975 and followed up in 1981, 1990, and 2011. An individual's observed BMI in 1975 was considered within (±2.0), below (<−2.0), or above (>+2.0) genetically predicted BMI, measured by a polygenic risk score of 996,919 single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Results

In monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs with large intrapair BMI differences, the co‐twin with a higher observed BMI in 1975 deviated above predicted BMI more frequently (~2/3) than the co‐twin with a lower BMI deviated below prediction (~1/3). Individuals below, within, and above prediction in 1975 reached, respectively, normal weight, overweight, and obesity by 2011, with a mean BMI increase of 4.5 (95% CI: 4.3–4.8).

Conclusions

Categorizing BMI as below, within, or above polygenic risk score‐predicted BMI helps identifying individuals who have been resistant or susceptible to weight gain. This may provide new insights into determinants and consequences of obesity.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Doping Borophene
Authors: Hembram Kailash Pati Shiva Sankar , Park Jeongwon , Lee Jae‐Kap
Published: November 2023

We elucidate the doping mechanism of suitable elements into borophene with first‐principles density functional theory calculation. During doping with nitrogen (N), the sp2 orbitals are responsible for arranging themselves to accommodate the electron of the N atom. Doping dramatically changes structure and electronic properties from corrugated and metallic borophene to flat and insulating h‐BN with 100 % N‐doping. We extend the mechanism of N‐doping in borophene to doping of non‐metallic and metallic ad‐atoms on borophene. Our findings will help to design boron‐based 2D materials.
Relaxation approach for optimization of free boundary problems
Authors: Zurloh Corinna , Pinnau René
Published: November 2023

We consider an optimal control problem (OCP) constrained by a free boundary problem (FBP). FBPs have various applications such as in fluid dynamics, flow in porous media or finance. For this work we study a model FBP given by a Poisson equation in the bulk and a Young‐Laplace equation accounting for surface tension on the free boundary. Transforming this coupled system to a reference domain allows to avoid dealing with shape derivatives. However, this results in highly nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) coefficients, which makes the OCP rather difficult to handle. Therefore, we present a new relaxation approach by introducing the free boundary as a new control variable, which transforms the original problem into a sequence of simpler optimization problems without free boundary. In this paper, we formally derive the adjoint systems and show numerically that a solution of the original problem can be indeed asymptotically approximated in this way.
Successful enteral administration of crushed posaconazole delayed‐release tablets in children
Authors: Bio Laura L. , Hiroshima Lyndsie , Schwenk Hayden T. , Green Sean
Published: November 2023

Erratic absorption of posaconazole oral suspension necessitates frequent dosing and administration with meals or supplements. Alternative enteral formulations are desirable for patients intolerant to enteral nutrition. Crushed posaconazole delayed‐release tablets (POS‐DRT) show promise in adults; limited evidence exists in children. We used crushed POS‐DRT in 10 encounters with nine pediatric patients, achieving target POS concentrations in 90% of encounters. This highlights crushed POS‐DRT as a potential enteral option for pediatric antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.
Genetic monitoring for effective plant conservation: An example using the threatened Saxifraga hirculus L. in Scotland
Authors: Finger Aline , Macdonald Iain , Hollingsworth Peter M.
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Many mountain plants persist in small, isolated patches on the verge of extinction. Observational methods of monitoring these populations, such as recording the number of flowering stems, do not indicate the number of genetically distinct individuals, which is crucial information for conserving small populations. Here, the rate of clonal reproduction and number of genetic individuals were measured in the threatened Saxifraga hirculus in Scotland. These methods showed that population size is a poor proxy for genotype diversity and identified highly diverse small populations that may otherwise have been overlooked. This highlights the necessity of using genetic data to ensure the successful conservation of threatened plants.

Habitat fragmentation and loss increase the isolation of plant populations, increasing the occurrence of within population reproduction, and the potential for negative genetic effects, such as inbreeding depression and loss of genetic diversity. We use the European protected Marsh Saxifrage (Saxifraga hirculus) in Scotland as an example for declining perennial plants and the genetic resources they encapsulate. S. hirculus has declined due to agricultural intensification, drainage, industrial afforestation and grazing. The species can spread by seed or vegetatively through the production of rhizomes. Flowering is rare though due to grazing, which limits sexual reproduction and gene flow.

An almost complete genetic inventory of Scottish populations was done using 11 microsatellite markers. Furthermore, archived DNA samples were used to document temporal genetic changes.

We showed that clonal growth is predominant in some populations and genetic diversity (HS and allelic richness) is relatively high. However, the number of genetically distinct individuals (genets) per population is extremely low (3–34). Archived DNA samples showed that some populations consist of the same few genets with no evidence for turnover. Thus, while clonal growth may have helped the species to persist, there is limited creation of new gene combinations.

Our findings highlight that reducing grazing pressure and increasing gene flow will be essential to rescue this species from its evolutionary dead end. We demonstrate the benefits of genetic monitoring for determining census population sizes and thus effective plant management and conservation. This work further sets out a strategy for moving this species towards demographic and genetic sustainability.
Improved Optical, Multiferroics, and Photocatalytic Properties of Bi1−xSmxFe1−ySnyO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Ghanshyam
Published: November 2023

Nanosized Bi1−xSmxFe1−ySnyO3 powders are successfully synthesized using a simple sol–gel auto‐combustion route. The X‐ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of a pure‐phase crystalline structure in bismuth ferrite (BFO). The co‐doping of Sm3+ and Sn4+ into the BFO structure indicates structural distortion, and a decrease in average crystallite size. Transmission electron microscopy and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy images show agglomerated particles surface morphology with particle size of around 41 nm for BFO and 22 nm for co‐doped BFO sample. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate a reduction in oxygen vacancies due to the co‐doping of Sm–Sn into BFO lattice. The co‐doping effect results in a reduction in the value of optical bandgap and an improvement in multiferroics properties. A significant enhancement in the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye under visible‐light irradiation is observed for co‐doped samples, and these results are further supported by photoluminescence analysis.
Lowest electronic states of neutral and ionic LiN
Authors: Mohammadi Mohsen Doust , Bhaskaran Renjith , Abdullah Hewa Y. , Abdallah Hassan H. , Biskos George , Bhowmick Somnath
Published: November 2023

We have investigated the potential energy curves (PECs) of the LiN heteronuclear diatomic molecule, including its ionic species LiN+ and LiN−, using explicitly correlated multi‐reference configuration interaction (MRCI‐F12) calculations in conjunction with the correlation consistent quintuple‐𝜁 basis set. The effect of core–valence correlation, scalar relativistic effects, and the size of the basis sets has been investigated. A comprehensive set of spectroscopic constants determined based on the above‐mentioned calculations are also reported for the lowest electronic states and all systems, including dissociation energies, harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies, and rotational constants. Additional parameters, such as the dipole moments, equilibrium spin‐orbit constants, excitation energies, and rovibrational energy levels, are also documented. We found that the three triplet states of LiN, namely, X 3∑−, A 3Π, and 2 3∑−, exhibit substantial potential wells in the PEC diagrams, while the quintet states are repulsive in nature. The ground state of the anion also shows a deep potential well in the vicinity of its equilibrium geometry. In contrast, the ground and excited states of the cation are very loosely bound. Charge transfer properties of each of these states are also analyzed to obtain an in‐depth understanding of the interatomic interactions. We found that the core–valence correlation has a substantial effect on the calculated spectroscopic constants.
Macroinvertebrates beta diversity and responses of functional traits to water environmental factors in the Qingyijiang River, China
Authors: Sun Jiuxing , Xu Guanglai , Chi Jianyu , Zheng Qihang , Zhang Ting
Published: November 2023

The diversity of functional traits of macroinvertebrates in freshwater ecosystems is one of the current research hotspots in the field of biodiversity. Understanding the functional trait composition of macroinvertebrates and their factors can make the study of watershed beta diversity and river ecological security patterns more effective. Based on two field surveys conducted in September 2020 and July 2021 in the Qingyijiang (QYJ) River, the longest tributary on the south bank of the lower Yangtze River in China, we explored the functional trait compositions of macroinvertebrates and relationships between functional traits and water environment factors using functional diversity indices, beta diversity decomposition, R‐mode linked to Q‐mode, and fourth‐corner analysis methods. Our results showed that water environmental factors affected the distribution of macroinvertebrates traits, and the degree of effect was reflected by the correlation between water environmental factors and the abundance of species traits. Physical factors like flow velocity and water depth were significantly correlated with biological traits of species such as body size and swimming ability. In counterparts, some nutrient indicators significantly affected species ecological traits, such as total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand, which affected species habits and functional feeding group traits. At the same time, we also found a high turnover rate between communities in the river, reflecting the strong dispersal ability of the species. This will be an important guide for the conservation of macroinvertebrates diversity in the river. Local governments can take measures such as conducting quarterly monitoring of macroinvertebrates species; restoring riparian vegetation; limiting hardening of riverbanks and dredging of rivers; controlling wastewater discharges from residential areas on both sides of the river; controlling the use of pesticides in agricultural lands, and so on. These will become the key directions for the conservation of macroinvertebrates diversity.
Measuring the change in behavior of a system with a single metric
Authors: Schoenberg William , Eberlein Robert , Davidsen Pål
Published: November 2023

Loops that Matter (LTM) provides a practical and comprehensive way to understand which feedback loops are driving model behavior at different points in time. LTM describes from which loops the observed change in behavior across all stocks in the model originate. In this paper we present a method to measure the magnitude of the change in behavior of all stocks in the model based on net flow values, relative to the magnitude of change taking place across an entire observation (simulation) period. We call this new metric the “system change”. We then demonstrate how our system change metric can be visualized using loop scores to highlight those loops that are predominantly responsible for the changes in behavior exhibited by the model. This helps analysts focus in on the feedback loops that are prime candidates for interventions to change the model behavior. © 2023 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Organocatalyst Promoted Efficient Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Esters and its Application as Plasticizer for Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Kumbhar Haribhau , Tiwari Saurabh , Gupta Virendrakumar
Published: November 2023

The present work is related to the synthesis of a carboxylic acid ester using lab synthesized triphenylphosphonium triflate catalyst and its application as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing. The high thermal stability of this organocatalyst allows the synthesis of terephthalic acid di‐esters with high boiling alcohols such as 1‐butanol, 2‐ethyl hexanol with higher yield in the range of 55–97 %. Different ester derivatives like dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), n‐butyl benzoate, dibutyl terephthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di‐dodecanol terephthalate have been synthesized using triphenylphosphonium triflate organocatalyst. These synthesized ester derivatives are characterized using 1H NMR, GC‐MS and HPLC. The purity of different synthesized esters was in the range of 80–99 %. The synthesized Dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) was used as a plasticizer in PVC and compared the results with commercial DOP plasticizer performance for PVC. The PVC/DOTP composition exhibited comparable performance in terms of mechanical properties like tensile and flexural strength and modulus. No significant change found in hardness and impact strength of both the compositions. Ease of processing observed in case of PVC/DOTP composition due to lower torque as compared to PVC/DOP composition. This indicates DOTP can be a potential alternative to the traditional dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer for PVC processing.
Double‐Shelled Open Hollow Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Efficient Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Da , Zou Yizhong , Zhao Han , Chen Ming , Zhou Lang , Xie Xue‐Rui , Yan Xiaodong , Pang Huan , Gu Zhi‐Guo
Published: November 2023

Multi‐shelled hollow metal‐organic frameworks (MH‐MOFs) are highly promising as electrode materials due to their impressive surface area and efficient mass transfer capabilities. However, the fabrication of MH‐MOFs has remained a formidable challenge. In this study, two types of double‐shelled open hollow Prussian blue analogues, one with divalent iron (DHPBA‐Fe(II)) and the other with trivalent iron (DHPBA‐Fe(III)), through an innovative inner‐outer growth strategy are successfully developed. The growth mechanism is found to involve lattice matching growth and ligand exchange processes. Subsequently, DHPBA‐Fe(II) and DHPBA‐Fe(III) are employed as cathodes in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Significantly, DHPBA‐Fe(II) demonstrated exceptional performance, exhibiting a capacity of 92.5 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, and maintaining remarkable stability over an astounding 10 000 cycles. This research is poised to catalyze further exploration into the fabrication techniques of MH‐MOFs and offer fresh insights into the intricate interplay between electronic structure and battery performance.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Pyrolysis Toward Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Microspheres for Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Huang Lingqi , Gu Zilong , He Wenqing , Shi Kaiyuan , Peng Liangfen , Sheng Zhongyi , Zhang Fei , Feng Wei , Liu Heyang
Published: November 2023

Heteroatom‐doped porous carbon materials have investigated to promote the energy density of zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs). Yet, the quest for high‐performance carbon materials or cathodes brings to light the question of which dopants facilitate fast energy storage kinetics and various types of pseudocapacitive reactions. Investigation of carbon materials with precise quantitative dopants as the key variable represents an effective appropriate approach to comprehending the intricate role of dopants in energy storage areas. Here, a straightforward solvothermal strategy is demonstrated for a variety of pristine and iron‐incorporated polymer microspheres, used as precursors for durable spherical carbons intended for cathode applications in ZICs. The strategy effectively governs the incorporation of dopants within the carbon materials, whilewhile maintaining consistent morphology, microtexture, and pore structure across different carbon variations. The synergistic effect of various dopants enhance the pseudocapacitance and facilitate the ion storage process. In consequence, the optimal cathode delivers considerable capacity (178.8 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), good energy density (120.2 Wh kg−1 at 336 W kg−1), and excellent cycling stability (101.5% capacity retention at 35 000 cycles). The demonstration showcases a viable method for crafting carbon materials with precise dopants to accommodate the zinc anode, thus enabling high‐capacity and high‐energy ZICs.
Hydrogenated V2O5 with Improved Optical and Electrochemical Activities for Photo‐Accelerated Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Yinan , Andersen Holly , Wu Ruiqi , Ganose Alex M. , Wen Bo , Pujari Arvind , Wang Tianlei , Borowiec Joanna , Parkin Ivan P. , De Volder Michael , Boruah Buddha Deka
Published: November 2023

Solar power represents an abundant and readily available source of renewable energy. However, its intermittent nature necessitates external energy storage solutions, which can often be expensive, bulky, and associated with energy conversion losses. This study introduces the concept of a photo‐accelerated battery that seamlessly integrates energy harvesting and storage functions within a single device. In this research, a novel approach for crafting photocathodes is presented using hydrogenated vanadium pentoxide (H:V2O5) nanofibers. This method enhances optical activity, electronic conductivity, and ion diffusion rates within photo‐accelerated Li‐ion batteries. This study findings reveal that H:V2O5 exhibits notable improvements in specific capacity under both dark and illuminated conditions. Furthermore, it demonstrates enhanced diffusion kinetics and charge storage performance when exposed to light, as compared to pristine counterparts. This strategy of defect engineering holds great promise for the development of high‐performance photocathodes in future energy storage applications.
Hydrosilylation Adducts to Produce Wide‐Temperature Flexible Polysiloxane Aerogel under Ambient Temperature and Pressure Drying
Authors: Guo Bi‐Fan , Wang Ye‐Jun , Qu Zhang‐Hao , Yang Fan , Qin Yu‐Qing , Li Yang , Zhang Guo‐Dong , Gao Jie‐Feng , Shi Yongqian , Song Pingan , Tang Long‐Cheng
Published: November 2023

Despite incorporation of organic groups into silica‐based aerogels to enhance their mechanical flexibility, the wide temperature reliability of the modified silicone aerogel is inevitably degraded. Therefore, facile synthesis of soft silicone aerogels with wide‐temperature stability remains challenging. Herein, novel silicone aerogels containing a high content of Si are reported by using polydimethylvinylsiloxane (PDMVS), a hydrosilylation adduct with water‐repellent groups, as a “flexible chain segment” embedded within the aerogel network. The poly(2‐dimethoxymethylsilyl)ethylmethylvinylsiloxane (PDEMSEMVS) aerogel is fabricated through a cost‐effective ambient temperature/pressure drying process. The optimized aerogel exhibits exceptional performance, such as ultra‐low density (50 mg cm−3), wide‐temperature mechanical flexibility, and super‐hydrophobicity, in comparison to the previous polysiloxane aerogels. A significant reduction in the density of these aerogels is achieved while maintaining a high crosslinking density by synthesizing gel networks with well‐defined macromolecules through hydrolytic polycondensation crosslinking of PDEMSEMVS. Notably, the pore/nanoparticle size of aerogels can be fine‐tuned by optimizing the gel solvent type. The as‐prepared silicone aerogels demonstrate selective absorption, efficient oil–water separation, and excellent thermal insulation properties, showing promising applications in oil/water separation and thermal protection.
Naphthalimide Molecular‐Doped Zinc Oxide Cathode Interfacial Layer Inhibits Charge Trapping in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Yong , Wu Hongli , Liu Xiaojie , Ding Minggeng , Huang Peng , Yu Liangmin , He Zhicai , Sun Mingliang
Published: November 2023

So far, the recombination center of photogenerated carriers caused by surface defects in ZnO results in poor thickness tolerance and inefficient charge extraction, severely limiting the performance and stability of inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, hybrid cathode interfacial layers (CILs) are fabricated in devices by doping naphthalimide‐based molecules (NE and NDA) into ZnO, and significantly improved performance and stability are achieved for all tested devices. It is found that doping NE or NDA not only solves the problems of ZnO aggregation and surface defects, but also enhances the ability of charge transfer and lowers the work function of cathode. As a result, the OSCs based on PM6:Y6 with ZnO:NE 1% as a CIL exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency (16.72%), which is better than that of pristine ZnO. The research shows that N atoms in naphthalimide react with Zn ions, and −NH bonds form noncovalent interaction with heteroatoms in the blend, which is conducive to the formation of better chemical bond in hybrid materials and providing more transfer channels for carriers. This study highlights a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of inverted OSCs by the hybrid CIL strategy.
Precise Intergranular Voids Control of MgF2 via Solidifying Micelle‐Carried Precursor for Tunable Refractive Index
Authors: Kim Dong In , Lee Seunghun , Ji Seulgi , Kang Saewon , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Yim Soonmin , Lee Sun Sook , An Ki-Seok
Published: November 2023

Porosification of fluoride can be effectively utilized in various applications, based on its abundance of exposed active sites. However, previous approaches have drawbacks in terms of application in fields that require meticulous control over porosity. Herein, an innovative strategy is suggested for achieving precise porosity tuning using a micelle‐carried MgF2 precursor intermediate. As the size of the MgF2 precursor clusters increases through micellization, the sizes of the resulting solidified MgF2 grains and the intergranular voids between the grains increase. Controlled MgF2 with intergranular voids can achieve very low‐refractive indices (≈1.04) with extremely fine refractive index control intervals (0.01–0.04). By employing extreme controllability of refractive index, graded refractive index antireflective coating is applied to the quartz window, and an average transmittance of ≈97.96% (250–1100 nm) is obtained. Finally, the coating is applied to a perovskite half‐cell enabling a ≈22.46% increase in the light‐absorption efficiency.
Enhancing learners' self‐efficacy to support L2 motivation: The need for strengths analysis
Authors: White Brian , Brown Dan
Published: November 2023

Many second language pedagogy experts recommend that curricular and instructional planning should begin with needs analysis. Few, however, recommend assessing students' strengths, and those that do seem not to consider learners' strengths to be integral to planning or instruction. Teacher preparation programs and materials that foreground needs analysis while unintentionally marginalizing students' assets might lead teachers to develop a deficit perspective (see Hertzog, 2011), perhaps even leading them to see learners as problems and engender in students a “deficit ESL identity” (Marshall, 2009, p. 51). This article seeks to rectify this imbalance by reporting the results of a case study in which an adult learner's nonscholastic strengths were identified and then foregrounded during instruction to help encourage and reinforce their developing sense of L2 self‐efficacy. The results suggest that systematic analysis and reminders of learners' nonscholastic strengths and successes can have powerful effects on learners' L2 self‐efficacy beliefs, thereby building and sustaining momentum in the face of language learning obstacles and threats to motivation. The study also has implications for teacher educators in that preparing teachers to focus on learners' assets prior to and during instruction could enhance teachers' understanding of and expectations for their students.
Sensor‐Aktor‐Schicht
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kalscheuer C. , Möbius M. , Janowitz J. , Heinemann H. , Erck M. , Vogels C.
Published: November 2023

Die Temperaturregelung im Aluminiumdruckguss ist entscheidend für nachhaltige Prozesse und eine hohe Produktqualität. Kenntnisse der Temperatur in der beanspruchten Kontaktzone sind dabei notwendig. Hierfür wird eine Sensorschicht, bestehend aus einer Grundisolationsschicht, zwei Sensorlagen und einer isolierenden Verschleißschutzschicht, mittels physikalischer Gasphasenabscheidung (PVD) appliziert. Die Temperatursensorfunktion basiert auf dem thermoelektrischen Effekt. Zusätzlich zur isolierten Temperaturmessung kann die PVD‐Sensorschicht mit einer thermisch gespritzten (TS)‐Aktorschicht kombiniert werden. Die TS‐Aktorschicht besteht aus Isolationsschichten und einer Heizschicht, die auf Basis der Funktion einer Widerstandsheizung Wärme erzeugt. In dieser Studie wurde die Funktion der kombinierten Sensor‐Aktor‐Schicht in Temperaturwechseltests untersucht. Die Kombination aus PVD‐Sensorschicht und TS‐Aktorschicht wurde erfolgreich appliziert. Die TS‐Aktorschicht temperierte die Oberfläche mit hoher Dynamik. Gleichzeitig erfasste die PVD‐Sensorschicht die Oberflächentemperatur mit einer kurzen Ansprechzeit. Im Thermozyklustest zeigte die Sensorfunktion ein zu Referenzmessungen vergleichbares Temperaturprofil. Mit der Sensor‐Aktor‐Schicht kann die Temperatur in der Kontaktzone gemessen und bei Bedarf Wärme zugeführt werden. Die Sensor‐Aktor‐Schicht bietet die Möglichkeit der Temperaturregelung in Ur‐ und Umformprozessen, bei Maschinenelementen oder bei der Verarbeitung temperaturempfindlicher Werkstoffe.
Uterine haemangiosarcoma in a Netherland Dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Netherland dwarf)
Authors: Murakami Mami , Yonemaru Kayoko , Hirata Akihiro , Sakai Hiroki
Published: November 2023

A 7‐year‐old intact Netherlands Dwarf rabbit with bloody discharge from the vulva underwent ovariohysterectomy. Grossly, both sides of the uterus were enlarged. Histologically, the tumour had formed protruded from the myometrial wall toward the serosa and was composed of irregular small capillaries with irregularly shaped structures and bundled proliferation of spindle‐shaped cells. No tumour cells infiltrated the endometrium. The tumour cells were positive for CD31, and histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma. Vascular tumours in the uterus of animals are uncommon, and only one case has been reported in the uterus of rabbits.
The history of UK weather forecasting: the changing role of the central guidance forecaster. Part 7: Operational forecasting in the twenty‐first century: graphical guidance products, risk assessment and impact‐based warnings
Authors: Young Martin V. , Grahame Nick S.
Published: November 2023

Met Office guidance forecasters continue to add value to NWP products, but in ways that could scarcely have been imagined half a century ago. We focus on how technological advances including ‘Field Modification’ have facilitated the creation of forecast products and new forms of graphical guidance to assist in the communication of the preferred weather story. We also describe a new impact‐based severe weather warnings service. This involves the interpretation of forecast outputs, including ensembles, and collaboration with other agencies to assess risks and impacts, thus enabling appropriate mitigating action to be taken in support of local and national resilience.
Marc Dechevrens, Jesuit meteorologist 26 July 1845 – 6 December 1923
Authors: Galvin Jim , Le Blancq Frank
Published: November 2023

This paper marks the centenary of the death of Jesuit meteorologist Père Marc Dechevrens on 6 December 2023. He had a remarkable though largely forgotten career, its highlights worthy of record. He founded Maison St Louis Observatory in Jersey and became its first Director in 1894. Prior to that, he had been an observatory Director in China, where he built up a good reputation for the Jesuits and himself, specialising in typhoon forecasting.
Effects of an internal cavity on heat transfer and mass transport in partially heated double corrugated domains
Authors: Bilal Sardar , Shah Imtiaz Ali , Pan Kejia , Shah Murad Ali
Published: November 2023

This paper is to investigate the effects of an internal cavity on heat transfer and mass transport in double corrugated domain, which are partially heated below with the consideration of inclined magnetic field. The related mathematical equations of the problem are described by using a dimensionless partial differential system elucidating the physical phenomenon of momentum, thermal and mass transport. The obtained partial differential equations are solved by employing the well‐known finite element method, which is implemented in a commercial software known as the COMSOL. A mesh sensitivity analysis is conducted to assure the credibility of the solution algorithm and involved computational scheme, in which the coupled non‐linear equations solved by the Gauss elimination method through a built‐in non‐linear solver known as the PARDISO. The impact of flow control parameters on numerical outcomes is elucidated using graphical and tabular representation. Additionally, visual representation of key parameters, such as kinetic energy and heat and mass flux coefficient are provided for better comprehension.
Renormalisation group analysis of scalar Leptoquark couplings addressing flavour anomalies: emergence of lepton-flavour universality
Authors: Fedele Marco , Nierste Ulrich , Wuest Felix
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Leptoquarks with masses between 2 TeV and 50 TeV are commonly invoked to explain deviations between data and Standard-Model (SM) predictions of several observables in the decays $$ b\to c\tau \overline{\nu} $$
b
→
cτ

ν
¯

and b → sℓ+ℓ− with ℓ = e, μ. While Leptoquarks appear in theories unifying quarks and leptons, the corresponding unification scale MQLU is typically many orders of magnitude above this mass range. We study the case that the mass gap between the electroweak scale and MQLU is only populated by scalar Leptoquarks and SM particles, restricting ourselves to scenarios addressing the mentioned flavour anomalies, and determine the renormalisation-group evolution of Leptoquark couplings to fermions below MQLU. In the most general case, we consider three SU(2) triplet Leptoquarks $$ {S}_3^{\ell } $$

S
3
ℓ

, ℓ = e, μ, τ, which couple quark doublets to the lepton doublet (νℓ, ℓ−) to address the b → sℓ+ℓ− anomalies. In this case, we find a scenario in which the Leptoquark couplings to electrons and muons are driven to the same infrared fixed point, so that lepton flavour universality emerges dynamically. However, the corresponding fixed point for the couplings to taus is necessarily opposite in sign, leading to a unique signature in b → sτ+τ−. For $$ b\to c\tau \overline{\nu} $$
b
→
cτ

ν
¯

we complement these with either an SU(2) singlet $$ {S}_1^{\tau } $$

S
1
τ

or doublet $$ {R}_2^{\tau } $$

R
2
τ

and study further the cases that also these Leptoquarks come in three replicas. The fixed point solutions for the $$ {S}_3^{\ell } $$

S
3
ℓ

couplings explain the b → sℓ+ℓ− data for $$ {S}_3^{e,\mu } $$

S
3

e
,
μ

masses between 14 and 15 TeV, according to the scenario. $$ b\to c\tau \overline{\nu} $$
b
→
cτ

ν
¯

data can only be fully explained by couplings exceeding their fixed-point values and evolving into Landau poles at high energies, so that one can place an upper bound on MQLU between 108 and 1011 GeV.
Running beyond ALPs: shift-breaking and CP-violating effects
Authors: Bakshi Supratim Das , Machado-Rodríguez Jonathan , Ramos Maria
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We compute the renormalization group equations (RGEs) of the Standard Model effective field theory (EFT) extended with a real scalar singlet, up to dimension-five and one-loop accuracy. We compare our renormalization results with those found in the shift-symmetry preserving limit, which characterizes axion-like particles (ALPs). The matching and running equations below the electroweak scale are also obtained, including the mixing effects in the scalar sector. Such mixing leads to interesting phenomenological consequences that are absent in the EFT at the renormalizable level, namely new correlations among the triplet and quartic Higgs couplings are predicted. All RGEs obtained in this work are implemented in a new Mathematica package — ALPRunner, together with functions to solve the running numerically for an arbitrary set of UV parameters. As an application, we obtain electric dipole moment constraints on particular regions of the singlet parameter space, and quantify the level of shift-breaking in these regions.
Lower Density Type Operators with Borel Values
Authors: Balcerzak Marek , Wilczyński Władysław
Published: November 2023

We prove that the lower density operator associated with intensity points on the real line has Borel values. We also prove that the simple density operator and the complete density operator have Borel values.
Digital archival spectral data for Seyfert galaxies and their use in conjunction with modern FAI spectral data
Authors: Shomshekova Saule , Kondratyeva Lyudmila , Omarov Chingis , Izmailova Ildana , Umirbayeva Adel , Moshkina Svetlana
Published: November 2023

The paper presents a methodology for the digitization and processing of our own spectral data archive and the results of comparing the obtained data with those of modern observations. An Epson Perfection V850 Pro scanner with optional software was used to scan photographic films. More than 2,000 archive spectra of Seyfert galaxies obtained in 1970–1990 with the AZT-8 telescope have been scanned to date (resolution 2400 dpi). The work describes the reduction of distortion for the scanned spectra using the program code, created in Python. Our code has been registered on the web service “GitHub” and a link to the code is given in the work. The results of digitization and subsequent spectra processing are presented in the example of the Seyfert galaxy Mrk 3. For the absolute calibration of the early spectra (Jan. 25, 1976) the radiation fluxes in the emission lines of [SII] were used. The lines were measured on the modern spectrogram obtained in 2023 on telescope AZT-8 (Mar. 14, 2023)
Experimental study of passive cooling techniques in an oil-immersed transformer building
Authors: Ghafurian Mohammad Mustafa , Joveini Amirhossein , Safarzadeh Sajjad , Niazmand Hamid
Published: November 2023

Transformer is a critical component of electrical power systems, and its failure can disrupt the power supply. Additionally, the high investment cost of transformers emphasizes the importance of maintenance and improved service life. The transformer losses cause increased temperature in various parts of the equipment, particularly in the hot-spot temperature, which leads to insulation aging and decreases the service life of the transformer. This study investigates passive cooling techniques for an oil-immersed transformer by experimenting with four methods: shield (T-shield), photovoltaic panel canopy and cooling fan (T-PV/Fan), two heat pipes (T-Heat Pipe) and nanofluid (T-Nano Fluid) in a laboratory transformer with a 1750-W power. The bulk and hot-spot temperature of the oil tank are compared, and the results demonstrate that all techniques improve thermal management and expand the service life of the transformer. The photovoltaic panel and cooling fan (T-PV/Fan) have the highest effect and are expected to prolong the existing system's lifespan up to 48 years based on the IEC 60076 standard.
Encoding Ethics to Compute Value-Aligned Norms
Authors: Serramia Marc , Rodriguez-Soto Manel , Lopez-Sanchez Maite , Rodriguez-Aguilar Juan A. , Bistaffa Filippo , Boddington Paula , Wooldridge Michael , Ansotegui Carlos
Published: November 2023

Norms have been widely enacted in human and agent societies to regulate individuals’ actions. However, although legislators may have ethics in mind when establishing norms, moral values are only sometimes explicitly considered. This paper advances the state of the art by providing a method for selecting the norms to enact within a society that best aligns with the moral values of such a society. Our approach to aligning norms and values is grounded in the ethics literature. Specifically, from the literature’s study of the relations between norms, actions, and values, we formally define how actions and values relate through the so-called value judgment function and how norms and values relate through the so-called norm promotion function. We show that both functions provide the means to compute value alignment for a set of norms. Moreover, we detail how to cast our decision-making problem as an optimisation problem: finding the norms that maximise value alignment. We also show how to solve our problem using off-the-shelf optimisation tools. Finally, we illustrate our approach with a specific case study on the European Value Study.
Time course of complications after small renal mass biopsy: evaluation of initial follow-up images
Authors: Kajita Soichiro , Iguchi Toshihiro , Matsui Yusuke , Tomita Koji , Uka Mayu , Umakoshi Noriyuki , Kawabata Takahiro , Munetomo Kazuaki , Hiraki Takao
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To retrospectively assess the time course of complications after image-guided small renal mass biopsy using initial follow-up imaging.

Materials and methods

A total of 190 masses (mean, 2.1 ± 0.70 cm; range, 0.6–3.8 cm) were assessed using initial computed tomography (43 non-enhanced and 141 enhanced) or magnetic resonance imaging (five non-enhanced and one enhanced) after biopsy. Initial follow-up imaging was classified into two groups (i.e., with or without hematoma) and various factors were compared.

Results

The masses were histologically diagnosed in all patients except one. Post-procedural complications included 129 Grade I hematomas, 1 Grade I hemothorax, 9 Grade II hematomas, and 1 Grade IIIa pneumothorax. Residual 28 Grade I and 6 Grade II hematomas and 8 new complications (6 small hematomas, 1 pseudoaneurysm, and 1 arteriovenous fistula) were observed on the initial follow-up imaging obtained at a median of 21 days (3–90 days) after the biopsy. On the initial follow-up imaging, the groups with and without hematoma differed significantly in the following factors: age (P = 0.04), size (P = 0.02), guided images (P < 0.01), hematoma at the end of the procedure (P < 0.01), and days after biopsy (P < 0.01). Although three masses exhibited > 25% shrinkage, no significant change was observed in mass diameter on initial follow-up imaging (mean, 2.1 ± 0.71 cm; P = 0.90).

Conclusion

Initial follow-up imaging after a biopsy revealed improvements in most of the complications, a few new complications, and an unchanged mass diameter.
Comment on: Occurrence of Hookworm and the First Molecular and Morphometric Identification of Uncinaria stenocephala in Dogs in Central Europe
Authors: Demkowska-Kutrzepa Marta , Szczepaniak Klaudiusz , Roczeń-Karczmarz Monika , Studzińska Maria , Tomczuk Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

Background

Hookworms are blood-feeding nematodes that infect millions of people and animals worldwide. The most common species infecting dogs in Europe are representatives of the family Ancylostomatidae, which differ in invasiology, biology and morphological features. However, the differentiation of invasions of species such as Uncinaria stenocephala and Ancylostoma caninum based on a coproscopic examination is problematic. For this reason, it is recommended to use molecular diagnostics for this purpose. The authors of the article investigated the prevalence of U. stenocephala in dogs kept in various living conditions in Slovakia and developed a two-step morphology–molecular analysis-based strategy to identify the genus and the species of eggs and larvae of the Ancylostomatidae family in dogs.

Conclusions

In our opinion, this work is very much needed as it shows how to effectively diagnose hookworm infestations. However, we do not agree with the information in the title of the article because such studies have already been carried out in Central Europe by other authors.
The CatMath: an online predictive platform for thermal + electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Heng , Zheng Hao , Jia Zhenhe , Zhou Binghui , Liu Yan , Chen Xuelu , Feng Yajun , Wei Li , Yang Weijie , Li Hao
Published: November 2023

The catalytic volcano activity models are the quantified and visualized tools of the Sabatier principle for heterogeneous catalysis, which can depict the intrinsic activity optima and trends of a catalytic reaction as a function of the reaction descriptors, i.e., the bonding strengths of key reaction species. These models can be derived by microkinetic modeling and/or free energy changes in combination with the scaling relations among the reaction intermediates. Herein, we introduce the CatMath—an online platform for generating a variety of common and industrially important thermal + electrocatalysis. With the CatMath, users can request the volcano models for available reactions and analyze their materials of interests as potential catalysts. Besides, the CatMath provides the function of the online generation of Surface Pourbaix Diagram for surface state analysis under electrocatalytic conditions, which is an essential step before analyzing the activity of an electrocatalytic surface. All the model generation and analysis processes are realized by cloud computing via a user-friendly interface.
Strafe in der Heimerziehung
Authors: Huber Sven
Published: November 2023

Um die Strafe als pädagogisches Problem in der Heimerziehung besser und aus verschiedenen Perspektiven in den Blick bekommen zu können, werden vier einschlägige Zugänge zur Strafe und die mit ihnen verbundenen Ambivalenzen und Stolpersteine vorgestellt. Da das Thema der Strafe keinen systematischen Ort in der Fachdebatte über Heimerziehung hat, wird zudem eine Forschungsperspektive vorgestellt, mit welcher die zentralen Herausforderungen der Thematik umfassender erkundet werden können.