bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Chronic Ionizing Radiation on the Variability of Mitotic Activity of Pinus sylvestris L. Tissues
Authors:   Bryansk State Engineering and Technology University, Skok Anna V. , Glazun Igor’ N. , Sorokopudov Vladimir N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: February 2021

The development of nuclear power engineering will increase in the future, due to the continued likelihood of radionuclides entering the environment. The relevance of studying the genetic material of conifers as a reliable bioindicator was revealed. It is known that under the influence of ionizing radiation there is an accumulation of genetic abnormalities in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) progeny. The stages of gametogenesis, zygotes and young seedlings of plant organisms are most sensitive to ionizing radiation. It is important to determine the variability of the mitotic index (MI) of tissues of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) progeny in areas with different levels of ionizing radiation, including in the exclusion zone. The exposure dose rate was measured at the soil level and 1 m from the ground surface. Germination of seeds was carried out in a thermostat on wet filter paper. Roots of seedlings 0.5–1 cm long were fixed in a mixture of 96 % ethanol and glacial acetic acid. Root staining was carried out in a solution of acetocarmine. Tissue softening was carried out with a strong chloral hydrate solution. The total number of dividing cells, as well as pathological mitoses (PM) were counted on squash preparations using a microscope. The mitotic index and the duration of the phases of mitosis were determined. An increase in the level of radioactive contamination increases the cell division rate in prophase, anaphase, and telophase, but decreases the duration of metaphase, and also changes the relative duration of mitosis phases. With an increase in the exposure dose rate, the number of pathological mitoses naturally increases. The spectrum of mitosis disorders is represented by various abnormalities of the chromosome apparatus in anaphase: exit and lagging of chromosomes, bridges. Herewith, the number of anaphases with bridges increases significantly with simultaneous exit and lagging of chromosomes.
Improving the Efficiency of Multifunctional Machines for Intensive Forestry
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Gerts Eduard F. , Mekhrentsev Andrey V. , Pobedinsky Vladimir V. , Terinov Nikolay N. , Urazova Alina F.
Published: February 2021

The method of intensification of forestry by means of integrated mechanization of forestry and logging operations is considered. It is proposed to use manipulator-type machines, such as harvesters, forwarders and excavators, as a technical basis. Improving the efficiency of manipulator-type machines can be achieved through using a set of optional interchangeable equipment. This will allow to create crops by planting seedlings with open and closed root systems, to carry out soil cultivation, seed sowing, thinning of young plants and to carry out pest control, mulching of skidding tracks after major work in the logging site, as well as earthworks during the construction of forest roads. The use of optional interchangeable equipment transforms a manipulator-type machine into a multifunctional machine. It has been shown that the purchase of optional equipment for forestry and logging is a cost-effective investment even for a small amount of works. Intensive forestry is primarily based on the measures of mature and overmature stands cutting, forest tending, and reforestation. Several technological schemes with the use of the multifunctional machine for felling both in the harvester and feller buncher modes are offered. In the latter option, tree length bucking and branch pruning ensure the concentration of all logging residues at the upper depot and create favorable conditions for their processing into raw material for biofuel production and reduce woodwaste in cutting areas. An option of using small size equipment for hauling trees into the area of operation of a multifunctional machine with an installed harvester head is offered when performing selective felling using wide-strip technology of harvesting. Preliminary preparation of the cutting area with small sized equipment (harvesting of small-sized, dead and fallen trees) is proposed. This will significantly reduce the damage to plantation components and provide a greater degree of preservation of the natural environment during the main work of the multifunctional machine. Its use in the most favorable terms due to the work execution on a quarter-block scheme, reducing the number of downtime due to naturalproduction conditions and the number of relocations and, accordingly, increasing the number of machine hours, will minimize total costs of the range of forestry and harvesting works.
Complex Efficiency of Using Wood Pellets in Power Plants
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Lyubov Victor K. , Vladimirov Aleksandr M. ,   Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill
Published: February 2021

In advanced countries, the dramatic impact of greenhouse gases on the global climate is reduced by replacing fossil fuels with biofuels. This method is being actively encouraged. However, by-products of logging, processing and conversion of wood are classified as difficult to burn fuels due to their high moisture content, low energy density and extremely heterogeneous granulometric composition. A promising direction to increase the energy density and transportability of the timber industry by-products is their granulation. Wood pellet fuel burning in heat-generating plants results in significant increase in their energy and environmental performance. The purpose of the paper is an experimental and calculation study of the energy and environmental performance of 4 MW hot water boilers produced by Polytechnik Luft- und Feuerungstechnik GmbH in the process of burning pine and spruce wood pellets obtained from by-products woodworking. When performing studies, the components of the boiler’s heat balance, gas release, and particulate emissions were determined. Numerical modeling of thermochemical and aerodynamic processes taking place in the boiler combustion chamber was carried out by using the Ansys Fluent three-dimensional simulation software. Together with industrial-operational tests it showed the possibility to reduce the total share of flue gas recirculation into combustion chambers of boiler units to values not exceeding 0.45, in providing an acceptable temperature of combustion products at the combustion chamber outlet and maintaining minimum emissions of carbon and nitrogen monoxides. At the same time, the share of gases fed by recirculation smoke exhausters to the over-bed area of the burner should have higher values than under the reciprocating grates of boilers. Guidelines for comprehensive improvement of wood pellet combustion efficiency in combustion chamber of 4 MW hot water boilers have been developed and implemented. The priorities are: using the air passed through the cooling channels of the setting as secondary air; reducing the rarefaction in the combustion chambers to 30–70 Pa; optimizing the ratio of primary and secondary air, herewith, the share of primary air in the total flow should be 0.26–0.35. Implementation of the developed guidelines allowed to increase the boiler gross efficiency by 0.5–1.8 %, to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the gas path by 15–20 % and to ensure consistently low emissions of carbon and nitrogen monoxides and soot particles. When designing boiler units for burning wood pellet fuel it is advisable to place heating surfaces in the combustion chamber, included in the circulation circuit of the boiler. This will increase the efficiency and life cycle of the boiler unit.
Determination of the Mathematical Dependence of the Black Liquor Density on the Dry Matter Content (High Yield Softwood Pulp)
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Sevastyanova Yuliya V. , Toptunov Evgeniy А. , Shcherbak Natalia V. , Solntsev Pavel V. ,   Arkhaneglsk Pulp and Paper Mill
Published: February 2021

A modern evaporator station is an energy-saving production of evaporated liquor with high dry matter content for ensuring the minimum SO2 emissions from the soda recovery boiler. Such stations are equipped with Falling Film devices and consist of 5–7 stages. The necessity to improve and create new black liquor concentrators is driven by the increased attention to environmental issues and the wish to produce liquor with a higher calorific value. The physical properties of black liquor depend on its composition and have a significant impact on the selection and design of evaporators. The main properties considered in the evaporation and combustion processes are density, viscosity, surface tension, heating value and boiling temperature. One of the most important characteristics of the liquor evaporation is its viscosity, since it determines the ability of the liquor to pump and affects the design features. Another equally important characteristic is density. With its help, the dry matter content and evaporation process in the main stages of the liquor regeneration are regulated. The study was carried out to determine the mathematical dependence of the black liquor density on the dry matter content for high yield softwood pulp. The study objectives were the following: analyze the effect of the dry matter temperature and concentration on the density of black liquor obtained from cooking high yield softwood pulp according to the technological flow of production; develop a mathematical model of dependence of the black liquor density of high yield sulphate softwood pulp on the concentration and temperature; conduct the TAPPI comparative testing of the results of mathematical and correlation dependences. A mathematical dependence of the black liquor density on the temperature and dry matter content required for immediate technological calculations of chemical regeneration departments in sulphate production of semi-finished products for cardboard was obtained. The following equation of mathematical dependence based on the conducted research, regression analysis, and mathematical processing of the results was obtained: ρ = 0.974 + 0.0071x – 0.0002t – 0.000007xt – 0.00000045t2 – 0.0000045x2 (where ρ – density, g/cm3; x – dry matter content, %; t – temperature, °C). It allows calculating with the highest accuracy the density of black liquor obtained from cooking high yield softwood sulphate pulp. Comparative testing of the results of the developed mathematical dependence and correlation dependence (published by TAPPI) of black liquor density on the dry matter content was carried out. A high level of comparability of the proposed mathematical equations was found.
Forecasting the Spatial Behavior of a Forest Fire at Uncertainty and Instability of the Process
Authors:   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Stankevich Tatiana S.
Published: February 2021

The Russian forest fund, being a public domain of the people and a special kind of federal property, requires sustainable management at the national level. One of the key principles of forest management is to ensure that forests are conserved and protected against a wide range of threats, primarily forest fires. Although forest fires are a natural component of forest ecosystems and cannot be completely eliminated, researchers have currently revealed a decrease in the regulatory function and an increase in the destructive function of forest fires. Understanding the interrelations between the environmental factors and forest fire history is necessary for the development of effective and scientifically sound forest safety plans. The main purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of the formation of an operational forecast of a forest fire in difficult conditions of a real fire (at instability and uncertainty). The author analyzed statistical data on forest fires the USA, Canada, Russia and the five southern European Union member states (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Greece) and confirmed the conclusion on the increase in the frequency of large forest fires. The most widely used in practice forecasting models of forest fire dynamics (Van Wagner, Rothermel, Finney, Cruz, etc.) and their computer implementations (Prometheus, FlamMap, FARSITE, VISUAL-SEVEIF, WILDFIRE ANALYST) are presented in the article. It is proposed to develop an intelligent system designed to create an operational forecast of a forest fire using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The structure of this system is described. It includes three main subsystems: information, intelligent and user interface. A key element of the intelligent subsystem is a forest fire propagation model, which recognizes data from sequential images, predicts the forest fire dynamics, and generates an image with a fire spread forecast. The scheme of the proposed model is described. It includes the following stages: data input; preprocessing of input data; recognition of objects using CNNs; forecasting the forest fire dynamics; output of operational forecast. The implementation features of the stage “recognition of objects using CNNs” are presented in detail: core size for each convolutional layer 3×3, activation function ReLu(x), filter in 2×2 pooling layers with step 2, max-pooling method, Object recognition and Semantic segmentation methods at the networks output.
Stem Volume and Quality of Hybrid and Common Aspen in the Clonal Archive
Authors:   Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fedorkov Aleksey L.
Published: February 2021

Hybrid aspen as a fast growing tree species with short rotation is of interest for the creation of plantation forest crops in intensive forest management. Hybrid aspen wood is used to produce paper, lumber, and plywood, as well as biofuel. The research purpose is to compare the volume and quality of the stem of hybrid and common aspen, and to assess interclonal variability by these features in cold climate areas. The research results of 42 hybrid and 10 common aspen clones in the clonal archive of the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. The archive was laid out in 2009 by 1-year-old rooted seedlings with a closed root system with the placement of plants 3×3 m. Donor plants were obtained at the Haapastensyrjä Tree Breeding Station of the Natural Resources Institute Finland. Scales have been developed for assessing plant health and stem straightness. Herewith, the height of trees, the presence of sores, scars and frost clefts on their stems were recorded. The share of tree-like and shrub-like plants was 70 and 5 %, respectively, with an average survival of 75 % at the 10-year biological age. Hybrid aspen was statistically significant in terms of superiority to standard aspen in diameter by 65 %, height by 49 %, and stem volume by more than 3 times. The share of slightly crooked stems was about 7 %, and the share of stems with bark cracks was about 3 %. Good survival, stem quality, and rapid growth of hybrid aspen made it possible to conclude that it is a promising species for plantation reforestation in the taiga zone.
Lipid Profile of Plasma in Young Women Depending on Their Physical Activity and Hereditary Predisposition
Authors:   Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Dautova Alʼbina Z. , Shamratova Valentina G. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Vorobʼeva Elena V.
Published: February 2021

We studied the association of the polymorphic rs320 variant of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene, rs2016520 variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) gene and rs670 variant of the apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) gene with blood lipids in female athletes and women not involved in sports. Key indicators of the lipid spectrum – total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), highdensity lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood serum – were determined by the enzymatic method using Cormay reagents (Germany) and Fluorat-02-ABLF-T analyser (Russia). Genotyping of the samples was carried out by means of the PCR-RFLP analysis. A direct correlation was found between the *H+ allele of the rs320 polymorphic variant of the LPL gene and the blood levels of TC (r = 0.17; p = 0.01), TG (r = 0.33; p = 0.000005), LDL (r = 0.16; p = 0.02), and atherogenic index (AI) (r = 0.28; p = 0.0002), as well as an inverse correlation between this allele and HDL (r = –0.19; p = 0.009) in women not involved in sports. The *A allele of the polymorphic variant rs670 of the APOA1 gene in this group showed a negative correlation with TC (r = –0.22; p = 0.004) and TG (r = –0.31; p = 0.00004), while the polymorphic variant rs2016520 of the PPARD gene revealed a linear correlation of the *C allele with LDL (r = 0.15; p = 0.02) and AI (r = 0.16; p = 0.01). Three alleles – *H of the LPL gene, *G of the APOA1 gene and *T of the PPARD gene – demonstrated an additive effect on the decrease in TG, LDL and AI and on the increase in HDL in women regardless of their level of motor activity. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of blood lipids in female athletes with different genotypes of the LPL, PPARD, and APOA1 genes. Further research is needed involving larger samples of athletes.
Correction of Free Radical Blood Imbalance and Behaviour in Prenatally Stressed Rats with α-Tocopherol
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, Kuleshova Olʼga N. , Teplyy David L. , Teplyy Dmitriy D.
Published: February 2021

The research involved female mongrel white rats (n = 16) and their offspring (sexually mature males, n = 75). Pregnant females were divided into 4 groups: control (intact animals), stress (from the 16th to the 19th day of pregnancy females were subjected to 3-hour immobilization in plastic cases), stress+α-tocopherol (against the background of immobilization, females received α-tocopherol at a dose of 1 mg per 100 g of weight starting from the 2nd day of pregnancy), and α-tocopherol (females received α-tocopherol in the same dose and regimen as the group above). The control and stress groups received vegetable oil instead of α-tocopherol. In 3-month-old female offspring, we studied behaviour and determined the levels of products of free radical modification of proteins and lipids, total antioxidant activity as well as superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin activity in the blood plasma. Prenatal stress increased the exploratory and motor activity in offspring and modified the level of free radical homeostasis in the serum of male rats: there was an increase in the level of products of oxidative modification of proteins, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration, end products of lipid peroxidation (Schiff bases), total antioxidant activity and ceruloplasmin activity, as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Alpha-tocopherol taken by females during pregnancy brought all the oxidation parameters modified by immobilization to the values of the control group; the levels of primary products of oxidative modification of proteins and lipid peroxidation decreased two-fold, compared with the stress group. The activity of superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin returned to the control values, but the total antioxidant activity remained at the level of the stress group. Thus, there is reason to assume that α-tocopherol has a significant corrective effect on the intensity of free radical processes in prenatally stressed white male rats.
Influence of the Purinergic Signalling System on the Properties of Human Blood Cells at Ageing
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Sladkova Evgeniya A.
Published: February 2021

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules and nucleotide derivatives contribute to a wide range of cellular reactions through the activation of A2 and P2 purinergic receptors located on the cell surface. Almost any type of cells expresses such receptors, including red blood cells and white blood cells. The study of purinergic transmission of signals mediating calcium mobilization, actin polymerization, chemotaxis, release of mediators, tissue oxygenation, cell maturation, cytotoxicity, cell death and cell–cell interactions in dynamics at different stages of ontogenesis is an important issue in biology and medicine today. This paper aimed to explore the biophysical properties of blood cells during the activation of the purinergic signalling system in middle-aged people and older adults. To activate the elements of the purinergic signalling system, an in vitro model of mechanical stress was used. Blood samples were analysed using the methods of atomic force microscopy, namely, force spectroscopy and the Kelvin probe. When the purinergic signalling system is activated, an increase in ATP blood concentration is identified in the blood of both middle-aged people and older adults. In the blood of older adults, a smaller amount of ATP was recorded compared with the blood of middle-aged people, which can be due to changes in the expression of purinoreceptors on the surface of red blood cells at ageing. Erythrocytes and granulocytes in older adults are characterized by increased surface stiffness and potential upon activation of the purinergic signalling system, compared with cells of middle-aged people. In response to mechanical stress, lymphocyte membrane stiffness in older adults increases more significantly than in middle-aged people. Thus, the results indicate an important role of the ATP molecule and its derivatives in the regulation of functioning of blood cells through binding to receptors of the P2 family. Research on the changes in the biophysical properties of red blood cells and white blood cells at activation of the purinergic signalling system will allow us to identify new effects of purine compounds on intercellular interaction during ageing.
Past distribution of Ursus arctos in Bulgaria: fossil and subfossil records (Carnivora: Ursidae)
Authors: Boev Zlatozar
Published: February 2021

The paper summarizes numerous scattered data from the last 120 years on the former distribution of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Bulgaria. Data from 52 (13 fossil and 39 subfossil) sites (from the Middle Pleistocene to the 19th century AD) are presented. The brown bear former distribution was much wider than the present occurrence. The species range covered the whole territory of the country, including mountain regions, as well as vast lowland and plain landscapes. The geographical, altitudinal and chronological distribution are presented and analyzed. The record from the Kozarnika Cave (1.000,000–700,000 years BP) is one of the earliest records of this species in Europe. About 73% of the localities are situated between 100 and 500 m a. s. l. Twelve sites contain Paleolithic finds, one Mesolithic, 14 Neolithic, six Chalcolithic, five from the Bronze Age, and two from the Iron Age. The remaining 12 subrecent sites are dated to the last ca. 2,400 years. Most of the species findings came from archeological sites – prehistoric and ancient settlements. The distribution of Ursus arctos once covered the entire territory of the country, including the vast regions such as Ludogorie, Dobruja, the Danube Lowland, the Upper Thracian Lowland, as well as the Sakar, Strandja, Sredna Gora, and the Predbalkan Mts.
Updated checklist of the rodents of Iraq (Rodentia)
Authors: Mensoor Montazer Kamel
Published: February 2021

This paper provides an updated information on the composition and distribution of the rodent fauna of Iraq. The data were taken from field observations that were conducted during the period 2018–2019 in addition to the previous literature and museum collections data. The rodent fauna of Iraq consists of 29 currently recognised species from 17 genera and seven families.
Earless Diceros bicornis in the Etosha National Park, Namibia (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)
Authors: Benda Petr , Červený Jaroslav , Eiseb Seth J. , Uhrin Marcel
Published: February 2021

The syndrome of ear pinnae absence was recorded in three individuals of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) among 71 observed (4.2%) in the Etosha National Park, Namibia, during eight visits in 2013–2020. In two cases, the syndrome comprised bilateral absence of the pinna and certain damage of the tail, while in one case, only unilateral lack of the ear pinna was recorded without any damage of the other pinna and tail.
Amino- and polyaminophthalazin-1(2H)-ones: synthesis, coordination properties, and biological activity
Authors: Malinowski Zbigniew , Fornal Emilia , Sumara Agata , Kontek Renata , Bukowski Karol , Pasternak Beata , Sroczyński Dariusz , Kusz Joachim , Małecka Magdalena , Nowak Monika
Published: February 2021

Amino- and polyaminophthalazinones were synthesized by the palladium‐catalyzed amination (alkyl- and arylamines, polyamines) of 4-bromophthalazinones in good yields. The coordinating properties of selected aminophthalazinones towards Cu(II) ions were investigated and the participation of the nitrogen atoms in the complexation of the metal ion was shown. A biological screening of the potential cytotoxicity of selected synthesized compounds on HT-29 and PC-3 cell lines, as well as on the L-929 cell line, proved that some amino derivatives of phthalazinone show interesting anticancer activities. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, and biological assays are reported.
PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK SALAK SIDEMPUAN (Salacca sumatrana) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN EMULSI MINYAK OLEIN SAWIT MERAH
Authors: Nadapdap Sondang L , Budiyanto Budiyanto , Hidayat Lukman
Published: February 2021

Carotenoids in red palm olein oil (RPOOO) have been scientifically proven to have good functional properties for the human health so that RPOOO has the potential to be used as one of the healthy drinks. One of the problems faced in the use of RPOO as a health drink is the taste and aroma is less interesting. This study aims to obtain the ratio of  RPOO and salak sidempuan extract used to obtain stable emulsion, acceptable  viscosity, and acceptable   emulsion product.    Four emulsions  were prepared using 1% carbonmethylcellulosa as emulcifier and four different composition ratios of RPOO and salak extract were prepared. Emulsions characteristics and their sensory acceptability were investigated.  The results of this study showed that the ratio of RPOO ratio and 1: 2  salak extract obtained the best stability with viscosity of 175 cP emulsion. In addition, emulsions with an RPOO ratio and 1:25 salak extract yield preferable levels of sensory attributes such as color, aroma and taste.
ANALISIS SENYAWA 6-GINGEROL TERHADAP RIMPANG JAHE YANG DIEKSTRAKSI DENGAN METODE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASSA SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS)
Authors: Pathiassana Mega Trishuta , Mariani Dina , Nurlaila Nurlaila
Published: February 2021

Data BPS 2017, menunjukan bahwa jahe adalah tanaman biofarmaka kelompok rimpang yang mempunyai luas panen paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 30 ton per tahun dengan kondisi produksi yang relatif stabil. Ekstraksi pada rimpang jahe adalah penyarian zat-zat aktif dari bagian tanaman obat yang bertujuan untuk menarik komponen kimia yang terdapat dalam simplisia yang didasarkan pada perpindahan massa komponen zat padat ke dalam pelarut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh proses pengeringan terhadap aktivitas senyawa 6-gingerol pada ekstrak jahe dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol berkonsentrasi 30%, 70%, dan 96%. Hasil dari analisa kadar 6-gingerol dengan menggunakan LC-MS didapatkan bahwa kandungan tertinggi terdapat pada sampel yang diekstraksi dengan etanol 96%, yaitu 2,01%. Sedangkan, kadar terendah terdapat pada etanol 30%, yaitu 0,64%. Di lain sisi, sampel jahe yang diekstraksi dengan etanol 70% memiliki kandungan 6-gingerol sebesar 1,21%. Hal ini disebabkan oleh semakin pekatnya konsentrasi suatu pelarut, maka akan mengakibatkan semakin tingginya konstanta dielektriknya.
PENGUKURAN KINERJA BPRS BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF TAUHIDY STRING RELATION (TSR) (Studi Kasus Pada PT BPRS Muamalat Harkat Bengkulu)
Authors: Setiawan Dharma , Pramadeka Katra
Published: February 2021

Studi mengenai manajemen atau pengelolaan kinerja suatu institusi/organisasi bisnis, telah banyak dikaji dalam berbagai riset/penelitian Terutama pengukuran kinerja pada sektor industri keuangan mikro dengan berbagai macam derivasi/turunannya yang sesuai dengan prinsip prinsip ajaran agama Islam, masih belum banyak dikaji dan dikembangkan oleh kaum Muslim. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) merupakan lembaga keuangan yang bergerak dalam pelayanan keuangan masyarakat, berbasis prinsip syariah. Berdasarkan perspektif TSR, dimana setiap variabel telah mengalami proses knowledge induced-(q), dan Wellbeing selalu sebagai dependent variable. Pada prinsipnya penerapan Pengukuran Kinerja BPRS Muamalat Harkat Bengkulu dengan menggunakan  perspektif atau pendekatan metodologi Tawhidy String Relation (TSR), dimana ukuran “Moralitas”, “Etika” dan “Nilai nilai Sosial” (MEN).Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan, interviewed para pelaku, observasi, kuesioner dan data sekunder indikator BPRS, Bengkulu. Secara umum hasil pengukuran nilai (θ) sangat baik, mendekati nilai 4 dengan skala Likert(5). Nilai terbesar pada variabel aspek komunitas 3,91 dan terendah pada aspek keberlanjutan bisnis 3,83. Penjelasan yang umum BPRS memang harus dekat dengan komunitas atau warga setempat. Dan kondisi terlemah adalah tentang keberlanjutan bisnis, sebagaimana bisnis ukuran kecil pada umumnya.Nilai (θ) terkecil juga ditunjukan pada nilai pencapaian rasional yang paling kecil yaitu hanya mencapai 50. Pertumbuhan keuntungan sangat tinggi, mencapai 39%, sedangkan NPF juga sangat tinggi, hal ini mengindikasikan suatu kebijakan yang kurang cocok. Seolah shareholders menginginkan laba yang tinggi, dengan tidak mencadangkan kerugian atas NPF yang juga tinggi. Akibatnya secara logis keberlanjutan usaha menjadi dipertaruhkan.
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME, INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR, ETIKA PROFESIONAL, DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR
Authors: Monique Eska Prima , Nasution Suswati
Published: February 2021

Seorang auditor dalam melaksanakan audit atas laporan keuangan tidak semata-mata bekerja untuk kepentingan kliennya, melainkan juga untuk kepentingan pihak lain yang mempunyai kepentingan atas laporan keuangan auditan. Oleh karena itu, dalam memberikan pendapat mengenai kewajaran laporan keuangan yang diperiksa, akuntan publik harus bersikap independen,profesional dan memiliki etika profesi,namum gaya kepemimpinan juga dapat mempengaruhi kinerja seorang auditor.Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 60 responden,yang mana data tersebut akan di uji asumsi klasik terlebih dahulu sebelum selanjutnya dilakukan uji analisis regresi berganda.Hasil uji menyatakan bahwa variabel profesionalisme,independensi dan etika profesi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor,sedangkan variabel gaya kepemimpinan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa seorang auditor yang melakukan audit secara profesional akan bersikap independen sehingga hasil audit tidak dapat di pengaruhi oleh pihak lain, hal ini sejalan dengan etika profesi seorang auditor yang harus selalu jujur,tepat waktu,dan dalam pengambilan sutu keputusan selalu tepat tidak memikirkan kepentingan suatu golongan.
ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS DAN KONTRIBUSI PAJAK HOTEL DAN PAJAK RESTORAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Fitriano Yun , Ferina Zahrah Indah
Published: February 2021

Yun Fitriano, Zahrah Indah Ferina; This study aims to determine the extent to which the effectiveness and contribution of hotel taxes and restaurant taxes to regional revenue (PAD) Bengkulu city. The data used in this study are secondary data on hotel taxes and restaurant taxes which are sourced from reports on the realization of the Bengkulu city regional income and expenditure budget from 2015 to 2018. The method of analysis in this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the average value of the effectiveness of hotel taxes and restaurant taxes in Bengkulu City from 2015 to 2018 was quite effective, ranging from 80% to 82%. Meanwhile, the contribution of hotel tax revenue and restaurant tax from 2015 to 2018 has a very large contribution, where on average each year it has a contribution of above 4%. This shows that Bengkulu City's own revenue is influenced by a large proportion of hotel taxes and restaurant taxes.

Key Words: Effectiveness, Contribution, Hotel Tax, Restaurant Tax, Original Local Government Revenue
PENGARUH COMPANY SIZE, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, CAPITAL INTENSITY DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2015-2019
Authors: Fatimah Anissah Naim , Nurlaela Siti , Siddi Purnama
Published: February 2021

This study animed to determinant the effect of company size, profitability, leverage, capital intensity and current ratio on tax avoidance. This Type of research is kuntitatif. Population in this research of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector of the food and beverage sub-sector which were listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)for the 2015-2019 period. The sample are choose from purposive sampling method and get sample of 12 companies based on some criteria. Data source is secondary data obtained from website (www.idx.co.id). This study uses multiple analysis regression to analyze data with SPSS 25 version edition program. Result of this research showed that company size has influence on tax avoidance. This is evidenced by the results of the value of tsig 0.000 ≤ 0.05. While profitability has no influence on tax avoidance. This is evidenced by the results of the value of tsig 0.309 > 0.05. Leverage has no influence on tax avoidance. This is evidenced by the results of the value of tsig 0.439>0.05. Capital intensity has no influence on tax avoidance. This is evidenced by the results of the value of tsig 0.086 > 0.05 . Current ratio has no influence on tax avoidance. This is evidenced by the results of the value of tsig 0.829 > 0.05.
PEMBERIAN EDUKASI DAN PENDAMPINGAN KETIDAKNYAMANAN PADA NY.”H” G2P1A0 DI PMB ERIKA KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: LASTRIANI LASTRIANI , PURNAMA YETTI , YUSANTI LINDA
Published: February 2021

Pendahuluan: Ibu hamil TM III sering merasakan ketidaknyamanan seperti  nyeri punggung bawah dan sering berkemih, saat bersalin ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan yaitu nyeri persalinan dan salah satu ketidaknyaman pada masa nifas adalah pembengkakan payudara..  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif pada Ny.”H” G2P1A0 dengan pemberian edukasi dan ketidaknyamanan di PMB Erika Kota Bengkulu. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, studi dokumentasi dan kepustakaa. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Asuhan kebidananan komprehensif yang diberikan pada NY.”H” di masa hamil adalah massase efflurage dan menganjurkan ibu untuk mengurangi  minum pada malam hari. Pada saat bersalin asuhan yang diberikan adalah mobilisasi, kompres hangat dan dalam masa nifas dilakukan kompres daun kubis dingin untuk mengurangi nyeri dan pembengkakan pada payudara. Hasil pemberian edukasi dan pendampingan: kehamilan berjalan baik, persalinan berjalan secara spontan, bayi lahir sehat, masa nifas berjalan normal, tidak ada penyulit dan setelah 40 hari akan meggunakan alat kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan. Kesimpulan: asuhan yang diberikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan subjek yang didukung oleh teori dan evidance base dalam kebidanan. Asuhan selama 7 minggu berjalan lancar dan normal.
HUBUNGAN JUMLAH SEKRET DENGAN KEJADIAN VAP (VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA) PADA PASIEN DI ICU RSUD DR. M. YUNUS BENGKULU
Authors: BUSTON ERNI , HARIADI EFRIZON
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Terbukanya saluran nafas bagian atas karena pemasangan ETT menyebabkan penurunan kemampuan tubuh untuk meyaring dan menghangatkan udara. Ganguan pertahanan silia mukosa saluran nafas karena adanya cidera pada mukosa saat intubasi dilakukan, sehingga menjadi tempat bakteri untuk berkolonisasi pada trakea, keadaan ini akan mengakibatkan peningkatan produksi dan sekresi sekret meningkat. Sekret dalam saluran nafas akan tergenang dan menjadi media untuk pertumuhan bakteri (Agustyn, 2007). Tujuan: mengidentifikasi hubungan jumlah sekret terhadap kejadian Ventilator Associated Pneumonia pada pasien di ICU RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 93 orang dengan menggunakan tehnik simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik T-test. Hasil: Uji statistik didapatkan nilai p = 0.00, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan signifikan penggunaan ventilator dengan terjadinya VAP. Terdapat nilai OR=9,58 dengan 95% CI: 3,632-25,287, artinya responden yang memiliki banyak sekret beresiko 10 kali terkena VAP. Saran: Diharapkan tim medis dapat melakukan penegndalian infeksi pada pasien yang menggunakan ventilator dan pasien yang di rawat di ICU.
PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN KANDUNG FE (BESI) DI SUMUR GALI MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF BIJI KAPUK (CEIBA PENTANDRA) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN
Authors: ADEKO RIANG , MARWANTO ANDRIANA
Published: February 2021

Air merupakan senyawa kimia yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Salah satu pencemar kimia yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam air adalah Fe. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kadar Fe adalah dengan proses adsorbsi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ketebalan arang aktif  biji kapuk (ceiba pentandra) paling efektif dalam menurunkan Fe pada air sumur gali. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah quasi experiment, subjek penelitian ini adalah air sumur gali dan biji kapuk, dan objek adalah kadar Fe. Analisis data menggunakan uji One Way Anova dan uji Benferroni. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya penurunan kadar Fe pada Air Sumur Gali setelah dilakukan adsorbsi, yaitu sebesar 44,54% - 74,09% pada setiap ketebalan. Dari hasil analisis data maka didapatkan ketebalan arang aktif biji kapuk paling efektif untuk menurunkan kadar Fe adalah 50 cm. Diharapkan peneliti lain juga memeriksa dan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi proses adsorbsi.
Noonomy. The future: fourth technological revolution requires profound economic and social changes
Authors:   Institute for New Industrial Development n. a. S.Yu. Vitte, Bodrunov S.D. ,   Free Economic Society of Russia
Published: February 2021

The author introduces a new concept of noonomy, i.e. the foundation of the future society which can come to pass if we pursue the rational path of civilizational development. The establishment of noonomy as a consequence of accelerated technological development (particularly, the achievements of the fourth technological revolution) requires profound changes in economic and social life, specifically, the adoption of an active industrial policy. A major distinction of the noonomy lies in the absence of interpersonal relations pertaining to material production. An aggregate of current society’s problems and contradictions necessitates the transition to a new stage of social development. With the pivotal role of technosphere development, stagnation of socioeconomic institutions and weak behavioral control determined by the level of cultural development create a very realistic possibility of a global catastrophe. Progress assessment should rely not on GDP growth, but on a set of criteria which will evaluate the satisfaction of reasonable (non-simulative) and environmentally friendly human wants. In spite of going through a difficult time, Russia has a chance of reaching such future. In order to achieve that, we need to perform a breakthrough reliant on preserving and capitalizing on our cultural, educational and research potential.
The solvent nature influence on the self-assembly of monosubstituted pillar[5]arenes containing N-(aminoalkyl)amide fragment
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Nazarova Anastasia A. , Gilyazeva Alsu I. ,   Kazan Federal University, Stoykov Ivan I. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: February 2021

Chemistry of macrocyclic compounds is one of the rapidly developing areas of modern organic chemistry. These macrocycles have become widespread due to the high availability of parents compounds, the possibility of synthesis of ligands based on them for highly selective recognition, ion-selective membranes, electrodes, sensors and nanocontainers for targeted drug delivery. Moreover, in the past few years, attention of researchers has again been riveted on mechanically interlocked molecules (rotaxanes and pseudorotaxans) and supramolecular polymers, which can be explained by their potential application as molecular machines and materials. Mechanically interlocked molecules are molecular architectures consisting from two or more components which mechanically bind due to their own topology. Supramolecular polymers are comprise ordered monomer units combined via non-covalent bonds (hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions). Thus, this manuscript presents an approach to the synthesis of monosubstituted pillar[5]arenes containing N-(aminoalkyl)amide fragments with various substituent lengths. The formation of self-inclusion complexes by synthesized macrocycles was established by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. According to NMR data, only four carbon atoms of the alkyl fragment were included in the macrocyclic cavity regardless of the alkyl chain length. Formation of self-inclusion complexes becomes possible due to the intramolecular hydrogen bond between the NH protons and the oxygen atom of methoxyl fragment, which is confirmed by IR spectroscopy. It was shown by dynamic light scattering that the synthesized pillar[5]arenes in chloroform form aggregates with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 316-640 nm and polydispersity index from 0.18 to 0.20, while polydisperse systems are formed in dimethyl sulfoxide.
Polyurethane filled with modified basalt fiber
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kiyanenko Elena A. , Nurislamov Artur D. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Golovanova Ksenia V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Amerkhanova Gulnara I. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Zenitova Lubov A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: February 2021

The use of basalt fiber as a reinforcing filler is mainly used instead of glass fibers due to its unique properties. Basalt fiber in comparison with glass has a 10-22% greater modulus, higher absolute strength after exposure to 400 °C, superior to glass in alkali and especially acid resistance, approximately identical in water resistance, i.e. close in properties to high-modulus glass fibers. However, it is most often used as a filler for concrete and other building structures. There is much less information about its use as a polymer reinforcing filler. The polymer matrix for creating polymer composite materials is most often epoxy resins, less often polyester. At the same time, there is practically no data on polyurethanes that have a unique combination of high strength indicators with elasticity and hardness, resistance to solvents and aggressive media, abrasion resistance, etc. The use of basalt fiber as a filler that increases the strength characteristics of polyurethanes and gives them specific properties can significantly expand the scope of their application. In this regard, this study attempts to use crushed basalt fiber as a reinforcing filler for polyurethanes. In order to increase the adhesion of the polymer matrix – filler system, an adhesive based on water-based polyurethane dispersion is used. Samples were obtained based on a polyurethane binder filled with basalt fiber in amounts up to 10.0 % by weight, treated with water-polyurethane dispersion with a concentration of 10 to 20 % by weight. The best complex of strength properties is provided by polyurethanes filled with basalt fiber in the amount of 1.0% by weight, treated with 15 % by weight water-based polyurethane dispersion. At the same time, the tensile strength increased by 15% compared to the same filling without processing and by 50% compared to the unfilled analog and amounted to 33.7 MPa. These changes are explained by a more uniform distribution of crushed basalt fiber in the polymer matrix and an increase in the adhesion interaction of fiber-adhesive-polymer matrix due to the biphilicity of the adhesive, as well as the same (polyurethane) nature of the adhesive and the matrix. The developed polymer composite materials have high hydrolytic resistance, as well as resistance to acetone and hexane. At the same time, the greatest degree of swelling did not exceed 0.9 % of the mass.
Evaluation of fractal dimension of star polymers with different numbers of arms in computer experiment
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Sidorenko Oleg E. , Rodnyansky Denis A. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: February 2021

One of the important characteristics of a polymer molecule is its fractal dimension. Fractals are objects whose Hausdorff dimension is fractional and exceeds the topological dimension. The main distinguishing feature of such objects is self-similarity. The fractal characteristics of polymer macromolecules largely determine the chemical, physicochemical, and physical properties of these objects, such as the Mark-Kuhn-Houwink scaling parameters, toughness, tangent of the angle of mechanical losses, and dynamic modulus of elasticity. Today the fractal properties of topologically linear polymers are studied in detail, however, the fractal properties of practically significant star polymers are still poorly studied. This is probably due to the fact that computer simulation of polymer systems by methods of classical mechanics requires lengthy calculations even on supercomputers. In this regard, it is interesting to evaluate the possibility of using relatively simple software packages such as HyperChem in molecular modeling of polymers. The purpose of the research was to determine the fractal dimension for 3, 4, 5, and 6-arm star (-CH2-CH2-)n polymers in a state of minimum potential energy in an isolated system and in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium at a constant temperature, comparing the obtained values with the fractal dimension of linear polyethylene and to mfke an assessment of the appropriateness of using the HyperChem software package for macromolecular calculations. A computer experiment was conducted using the HyperChem package. To obtain isolated molecules in a state of minimum potential energy, a simulation by the conjugate gradient method was performed. To bring the macromolecules to a state of thermodynamic equilibrium at a constant temperature, the molecular modeling in the canonical ensemble was carried out. For the studied polymers, the values of the fractal dimension and critical Flory index were calculated. The data obtained confirm the relation between fractal dimension and conformation of the macromolecule and, within the accuracy achieved, indicate the absence of fractal properties for star macromolecules with a large number of arms.