bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropane with Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Palladium(0) with a Chiral Bis(tert‐Amine) Ligand.
Authors: Wei Feng , Ren Chuan‐Li , Wang Dong , Liu Li
Published: June 2015

The title reaction affords spiropentyl indane‐1,3‐dione derivatives (III) in high yields with good diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiodivergent Cyclobutanone Cleavage: Switching Selectivity with Different Lewis Acids.
Authors: Souillart Laetitia , Cramer Nicolai
Published: June 2015

The ring strain of cyclobutanone is selectively exploited in Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangement reactions to benzooxabicyclooctanones and indene‐carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III) Porphyrin‐Catalyzed Reactions via Activation of Alkynes.
Authors: Hasegawa Makoto , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: June 2015

A rhodium(III) porphyrin‐catalyst is applied to the cycloisomerization of enynes to afford various cyclopentene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkylidenecyclopropanes.
Authors: Timmerman Jacob C. , Robertson Bradley D. , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: June 2015

The anti‐Markovnikov hydroamination reaction of mono‐ and disubstituted alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACP) in the presence of a cationic gold phosphine complex is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Radical Perfluoroalkylation of (Hetero)arenes.
Authors: Zhong Sabilla , Hafner Andreas , Hussal Christoph , Nieger Martin , Braese Stefan
Published: June 2015

Inexpensive and commercially available perfluorocarboxylic anhydrides are used as source of perfluoroalkyl radicals for the perfluoroalkylation of various arenes, such as benzene derivatives, furans, thiophenes, and pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Solventless Mizoroki—Heck Reactions Catalyzed by Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Laponite Clay.
Authors: Martinez Alejandro V. , Invernizzi Fabio , Leal‐Duaso Alejandro , Mayoral Jose A. , Garcia Jose I.
Published: June 2015

It is found that the best conditions for this solventless Heck reaction are microwave irradiation in combination with an ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryltriolborates as Air‐ and Water‐Stable Bases for Wittig Olefination.
Authors: Huang Wenhua , Zhao Shuang‐Hong , Xu Ning
Published: June 2015

Aryltriolborates (ATB) and (PTB) are successfully employed for Wittig reactions of aromatic aldehydes with stabilized, semistabilized, and nonstabilized phosphorous ylides.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective, Transition Metal Free and Selective C—F Activation under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Kong Xianqiang , Zhang Huizi , Xiao Yunqing , Cao Changsheng , Shi Yanhui , Pang Guangsheng
Published: June 2015

A simple and efficient substitution approach for the amination of various fluoroarenes with anilines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: General Method for the Synthesis of Salicylic Acids from Phenols Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Silanol‐Directed C—H Carboxylation.
Authors: Wang Yang , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: June 2015

A mechanistic study reveals that the carboxylic oxygen originates from the silanol group.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Carbonylations by Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Majek Michal , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: June 2015

The synthesis of benzoates from arene diazonium salts, carbon monoxide, and alcohols in the presence of eosin Y as photocatalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of ortho‐Substituted Diaryl N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)ketimines.
Authors: Qin Jianfeng , Huang Liliang , Cao Yong , Sun Zhihua
Published: June 2015

via condensation of ortho‐substituted diaryl ketones (I) with (R)‐(+)‐tert‐butylsulfinamide
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Aryl Acetic Acid Derivatives via Dienolate Intermediates with Aryl Chlorides and Bromides.
Authors: Sha Sheng‐Chun , Zhang Jiadi , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: June 2015

The scalable reaction is not applicable to arylhalogenides containing ketone, ester, or amide groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific and Stereoselective Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allene‐Ene‐Ynes: Construction of Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes.
Authors: Ohta Yuu , Yasuda Shigeo , Yokogawa Yuka , Kurokawa Kei , Mukai Chisato
Published: June 2015

A novel Rh(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular [2 + 2 +2] cycloaddition of allene‐ene‐ynes yields cyclopropane‐fused polycyclic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Grinding‐Induced Synthesis of Heterocyclic Fullerene Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Masoomi Reihaneh
Published: June 2015

A green, easy, and effective solvent‐free procedure for the synthesis of heterocyclic fullerene derivatives is achieved via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of C60, substituted arylhydrazones/oximes, and PhI(OAc)2 under grinding as a simple physical‐mechanical method.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative One‐Pot Synthesis of (Trifluoromethyl)phenyldiazirines from Tosyloxime Derivatives: Application for New Synthesis of Optically Pure Diazirinylphenylalanines for Photoaffinity Labeling.
Authors: Wang Lei , Murai Yuta , Yoshida Takuma , Ishida Akiko , Masuda Katsuyoshi , Sakihama Yasuko , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Hatanaka Yasumaru , Hashimoto Makoto
Published: June 2015

Diazirines (II) are formed from tosyloxime derivatives (I) via the deprotonation of intermediate diaziridine by NH2‐ generated from liquid NH3.
ChemInform Abstract: First Efficient Synthesis of SF5‐Substituted Pyrrolidines Using 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Pentafluorosulfanyl‐Substituted Acrylic Esters and Amides.
Authors: Falkowska Ewelina , Tognetti Vincent , Joubert Laurent , Jubault Philippe , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Pannecoucke Xavier
Published: June 2015

A single step procedure for the efficient synthesis of di‐, tri‐, and tetrasubstituted pentafluorosulfanylated pyrrolidines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Choline Chloride and Malonic Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalytic System for One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles.
Authors: Hu Hai‐Chuan , Liu Yu‐Heng , Li Bao‐Le , Cui Zhen‐Shui , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: June 2015

A deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and malonic acid is used as a dual catalyst and green reaction medium for the synthesis of a wide range of functionalized pyrroles by four‐component reaction of various amines, aldehydes, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and nitromethane.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging C—H Activation and Alkene Difunctionalization at Room Temperature: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of Indoles and Indolines.
Authors: Manna Manash Kumar , Hossian Asik , Jana Ranjan
Published: June 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of aryl ureas with vinyl arenes provides indole or indoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Intramolecular C—H Amination: Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles.
Authors: Morofuji Tatsuya , Shimizu Akihiro , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: June 2015

2‐Pyrimidyloxybenzenes and their thio analogues are subjected to anodic oxidation in a H‐type divided cell under constant current.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis of 5,7‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: He Xinhua , Kassab Shaymaa E. , Heinzl Geoffrey , Xue Fengtian
Published: June 2015

Base‐mediated cyclocondensation of chalcones and triazol‐3‐amines produces triazolopyrimidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Chalcogenyl‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐ones by Chalcogen‐Mediated Yne‐Carbamate Cyclization: An Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Monleon Alicia , Blay Gonzalo , Domingo Luis R. , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R.
Published: June 2015

A series of 5‐chalcogenyl‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐ones are synthesized by 6‐endo‐dig cyclization of chiral N‐Cbz‐protected propargylic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: M2+ and Ln3+‐Catalyzed Synthesis of a [1,2,4]Triazine Core via Intramolecular C—H/N—H Functionalization and C—N Bond Formation (M: Mn, Zn, Cd; Ln: Dy, Tb).
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bin , Li Zhi‐Xin , Yu Xin‐Wei , Yang Meng , Qiu Yan‐Xuan , Dong Wen
Published: June 2015

A new approach to the direct construction of the 1,2,4‐triazine core starting from eight azo‐conjugated aromatic compounds via transition or lanthanide metal‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reactions under hydrothermal conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of β‐Lactam‐Fused Oxacycles Through the Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Diastereoselective Cyclization of Allenic Diols.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Carrascosa Rocio , Casarrubios Luis , Soriano Elena
Published: June 2015

β‐Lactam‐fused morpholine, oxocines and dioxonines are formed chemo‐ and regioselectively from allenic diols by palladium catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Aminosilanes by Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Vinylsilanes.
Authors: Niljianskul Nootaree , Zhu Shaolin , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: June 2015

The Cu‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of vinylsilanes is developed using (Rax)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS as chiral source.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Catalyzed Dealkoxylative C(sp2)—C(sp3) Cross Coupling Reactions — Stereospecific Synthesis of Allylsilanes from Enol Ethers.
Authors: Guo Lin , Leiendecker Matthias , Hsiao Chien‐Chi , Baumann Christoph , Rueping Magnus
Published: June 2015

The title reaction proceeds regio‐ and stereoselectively preserving the given configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Benzoylation of 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene Acetals of Glycopyranosides in the Presence of Transition Metals.
Authors: Evtushenko Evgeny V.
Published: June 2015

The benzoylation of 4,6‐O‐benzylidene acetals of α‐D‐glucopyranosides and α‐D‐mannopyranosides with benzoic anhydride in the presence of (F3C‐COO)2Cu gives 2‐benzoates in good yields with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tiliabisflavan A, a New Flavan‐3‐ol Dimer from Tilia amurensis with Cytotoxic and Antiinflammatory Effects.
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Moon Eunjung , Kim Sun Yeon , Choi Sang Un , Lee Kang Ro
Published: June 2015

New flavan‐3‐ol dimer, tiliabisflavin A (I) is isolated together with three known flavan‐3‐ols.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐ and Micro‐Sized Rare‐Earth Carbonates and Their Use as Precursors and Sacrificial Templates for the Synthesis of New Innovative Materials
Authors: Kaczmarek Anna M. , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Deun Rik
Published: June 2015

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxylic and Carbonic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Merel Delphine S. , Do Minh Loan Tran , Gaillard Sylvain , Dupau Philippe , Renaud Jean‐Luc
Published: June 2015

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiphase Reaction Media Involving Water and Carbon Dioxide for Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Fujita Shin‐ichiro , Arai Masahiko
Published: June 2015

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Radiometal‐Containing Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Stephan Holger , Foerster Christian , Gasser Gilles
Published: June 2015

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Indoles
Authors: Ranasinghe Nadeesha , Jones Graham B.
Published: June 2015

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarenes Containing Modified meso Bridges
Authors: Deska Malgorzata , Dondela Barbara , Sliwa Wanda
Published: June 2015

Review: synthesis and applications; 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐Step Synthesis Strategies Towards 1,2‐Amino Alcohols with Special Emphasis on Phenylpropanolamines
Authors: Sehl Torsten , Maugeri Zaira , Rother Doerte
Published: June 2015

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation by Noble‐Metal Nanocrystals with Well‐Defined Facets: A Review
Authors: Zang Wanting , Li Guozhu , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen
Published: June 2015

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Lithiation of Simple Aromatics and Heterocycles for Synthesis of Substituted Derivatives
Authors: El‐Hiti Gamal A. , Smith Keith , Hegazy Amany S. , Alshammari Mohammed B. , Masmali Ali M.
Published: June 2015

Review: 225 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Charging and Discharging at the Nanoscale: Fermi Level Equilibration of Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Scanlon Micheal D. , Peljo Pekka , Mendez Manuel A. , Smirnov Evgeny , Girault Hubert H.
Published: June 2015

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing Plasmonic Nanostructures by Photons and Electrons
Authors: Kneipp Katrin , Kneipp Harald , Kneipp Janina
Published: June 2015

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 3d Single‐Ion Magnets
Authors: Craig Gavin A. , Murrie Mark
Published: June 2015

Review: single‐molecule magnets consisting of one first row transition metal ion in a suitable ligand field; 52 refs.
Real‐time image reconstruction for pulse EPR oxygen imaging using a GPU and lookup table parameter fitting
Authors: Redler Gage , Qiao Zhiwei , Epel Boris , Halpern Howard J.
Published: June 2015

The importance of tissue oxygenation has led to a great interest in methods for imaging pO2 in vivo. Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) provides noninvasive, near absolute 1 mm‐resolved 3D images of pO2 in the tissues and tumors of living animals. Current EPRI image reconstruction methods tend to be time consuming and preclude real‐time visualization of information. Methods are presented to significantly accelerate the reconstruction process in order to enable real‐time reconstruction of EPRI pO2 images. These methods are image reconstruction using graphics processing unit (GPU)‐based 3D filtered back‐projection and lookup table parameter fitting. The combination of these methods leads to acceleration factors of over 650 compared to current methods and allows for real‐time reconstruction of EPRI images of pO2 in vivo. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 46–57, 2015
A fast and simple method for calibrating the flip angle in hyperpolarized 13C MRS experiments
Authors: Giovannetti Giulio , Frijia Francesca , Flori Alessandra , De Marchi Daniele , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Menichetti Luca , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan Henrik
Published: June 2015

Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic resonance represents a promising modality for in vivo studies of intermediary metabolism of bio‐molecules and new biomarkers. Although it represents a powerful tool for metabolites spatial localization and for the assessment of their kinetics in vivo, a number of technological problems still limits this technology and needs innovative solutions. In particular, the optimization of the signal‐to‐noise ratio during the acquisitions requires the use of pulse sequences with accurate flip angle calibration, which is performed by adjusting the transmit power in the prescan step. This is even more critical in the case of hyperpolarized studies, because the fast decay of the hyperpolarized signal requires precise determination of the flip angle for the acquisition. This work describes a fast and efficient procedure for transmit power calibration of magnetic resonance acquisitions employing selective pulses, starting from the calibration of acquisitions performed with non‐selective (hard) pulses. The proposed procedure employs a simple theoretical analysis of radiofrequency pulses by assuming a linear response and can be performed directly during in vivo studies. Experimental MR data validate the theoretical calculation by providing good agreement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 78–84, 2015
Platinum(II)‐Coordinated Pyridine‐Functionalized Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Electron Transport in Their Films
Authors: Jombert Alice S. , Bayazit Mustafa K. , Coleman Karl S. , Zeze Dagou A.
Published: June 2015

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are ideal support materials for platinum in fuel cells. However, little is known about the conduction mechanism of Pt‐coordinated CNTs. Herein, a coordination complex of pyridine‐functionalized single‐walled nanotubes (Py‐SWNTs) with Pt (Pt/Py‐SWNTs) was prepared via the ligand exchange reaction between cis‐[Pt(dmso)2Cl2] and Py‐SWNTs generated by pyridine diazonium salt addition to SWNTs. The presence of Pt in modified SWNTs was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The N 1s XPS spectra provided evidence of Pt coordination to the pyridine nitrogen atom. Modified SWNTs were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The electron conduction mechanism of Pt/Py‐SWNT films was best described by a modified quantum tunneling model, identified from a combined analysis of the voltage and temperature dependence of the current.
Dissipative Euler Flows with Onsager‐Critical Spatial Regularity
Authors: Buckmaster Tristan , De Lellis Camillo , Székelyhidi László
Published: June 2015

For any ɛ > 0 we show the existence of continuous periodic weak solutions v of the Euler equations that do not conserve the kinetic energy and belong to the space ; namely, x ↦ v (x,t) is ⅓−ε‐Hölder continuous in space at a.e. time t and the integral is finite. A well‐known open conjecture of L. Onsager claims that such solutions exist even in the class .© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risks of congenital malformations in offspring exposed to valproic acid in utero: A systematic review and cumulative meta‐analysis
Authors: Tanoshima M , Kobayashi T , Tanoshima R , Beyene J , Koren G , Ito S
Published: June 2015

Despite extensive research efforts over decades, the teratogenic profile of valproic acid (VPA) remains obscure. We performed cumulative and conventional meta‐analyses of cohort studies to determine the time profiles of signal emergence of VPA‐associated congenital malformations (CMs) and to define risk estimates of each of the CMs. Fifty‐nine studies were identified and analyzed. We found that the significant risk signals began to emerge over the last 10–20 years even before large‐scale studies were performed: neural tube defect (the significant risk signal emerged in 1992); genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies (2004); cleft lip and/or palate (2005); and congenital heart defects (2006). At present, the risks of VPA‐associated CMs are 2–7‐fold higher than other common antiepileptic drugs. VPA should not be used as a first‐line therapy in women of childbearing age unless it is the only option for the patient.
Cooperative beamforming of full‐duplex relays for improving physical layer security
Authors: Lee Jong‐Ho
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we consider secure communications of one source‐destination pair in the presence of one eavesdropper, when full‐duplex decode‐and‐forward cooperative relays operate to enhance physical layer security. While the conventional half‐duplex relay receives the signal from the source and forwards the re‐encoded signal to the destination in two separated time slots, the full‐duplex relay (FDR) performs the transmission and reception at the same time, which can ideally double the secrecy capacity. However, because of the simultaneous transmission and reception, each FDR suffers from both its own self‐interference and the interference from the other cooperative FDRs. When the conventional cooperative relaying schemes are used in full‐duplex relaying, it is obviously expected that the self‐interference signals cause severe degradation of the secrecy capacity. Here, we propose an iterative transmit power allocation and relay beamforming weight design scheme for cooperative FDRs to enhance the secrecy rate as well as suppress the self‐interference signals. Numerical results present that the FDRs with the proposed scheme significantly improve the secrecy rate compared with the conventional half‐duplex relays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anaemia in patients with aortic stenosis: influence on long‐term prognosis
Authors: Ng Arnold C.T. , Kong William K. F. , Kamperidis Vasileios , Bertini Matteo , Antoni M. Louisa , Leung Dominic Y. , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J.
Published: June 2015

Aims

The prognostic implications of anaemia in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) remain unclear. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of anaemia inASpatients before and after aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods and results

A total of 856ASpatients (age 71 ± 12 years, 60.2% male, 47.4% severeAS) were included. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) level was 13.2 ± 1.8 g/dL, and the prevalence of anaemia (Hb <13.0 g/dLfor men, <12.0 g/dLfor women) was 32.0%. The prevalence of anaemia rose with increasing severity ofAS(28.9% and 35.6% in moderate and severeAS, respectively,P= 0.048) and was independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality in severeASpatients whilst under medical therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–3.97,P= 0.005). Similarly, each 1.0 g/dLdecrease in Hb was independently associated with increased mortality risk at follow‐up (HR1.35, 95%CI1.07–1.47,P= 0.006). However, afterAVRsurgery, severeASpatients who had anaemia had similar long‐term survival as patients with normal Hb (log rankP= 0.19). When allASpatients were included andAVRsurgery entered as a covariate, anaemia was still independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality irrespective of the severity ofAS.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of anaemia in moderate and severeASpatients was observed, and its presence was independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality. However, afterAVRsurgery, anaemic patients had similar survival rates as patients with normal Hb.
Low dietary iron intake restrains the intestinal inflammatory response and pathology of enteric infection by food‐borne bacterial pathogens
Authors: Kortman Guus A. M. , Mulder Michelle L. M. , Richters Thijs J. W. , Shanmugam Nanda K. N. , Trebicka Estela , Boekhorst Jos , Timmerman Harro M. , Roelofs Rian , Wiegerinck Erwin T. , Laarakkers Coby M. , Swinkels Dorine W. , Bolhuis Albert , Cherayil Bobby J. , Tjalsma Harold
Published: June 2015

Orally administrated iron is suspected to increase susceptibility to enteric infections among children in infection endemic regions. Here we investigated the effect of dietary iron on the pathology and local immune responses in intestinal infection models. Mice were held on iron‐deficient, normal iron, or high iron diets and after 2 weeks they were orally challenged with the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Microbiome analysis by pyrosequencing revealed profound iron‐ and infection‐induced shifts in microbiota composition. Fecal levels of the innate defensive molecules and markers of inflammation lipocalin‐2 and calprotectin were not influenced by dietary iron intervention alone, but were markedly lower in mice on the iron‐deficient diet after infection. Next, mice on the iron‐deficient diet tended to gain more weight and to have a lower grade of colon pathology. Furthermore, survival of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was prolonged after iron deprivation. Together, these data show that iron limitation restricts disease pathology upon bacterial infection. However, our data also showed decreased intestinal inflammatory responses of mice fed on high iron diets. Thus additionally, our study indicates that the effects of iron on processes at the intestinal host–pathogen interface may highly depend on host iron status, immune status, and gut microbiota composition.
Cyclization of Diaryl(hetaryl)alkynes under Selenobromination Conditions: Regioselectivity and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Paegle Edgars , Belyakov Sergey , Petrova Marina , Liepinsh Edvards , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: June 2015

The cyclization of substituted diaryl(hetaryl)alkynes with in‐situ‐prepared SeBr4 has been achieved. The use of an alkene additive as a bromine scavenger gives simple access to functionalized benzo[b]selenophene and selenophenothiophene derivatives from commercially available or easily accessible starting materials. The reactions can be performed in air without the use of moisture‐sensitive reagents, dry solvents, or an inert atmosphere. Mechanistic studies confirmed a regioselective anti 1,2‐addition in the selenobromination step, and a subsequent electrophilic substitution in the aromatic ring to complete the cyclization.
Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of α,α‐Disubstituted Acetaldehydes Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether for the Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Shomura Hiroki , Xu Qianqian , Lear Martin J. , Sato Itaru
Published: June 2015

The asymmetric cross‐aldol reaction of α,α‐disubstituted acetaldehydes with commercial ethyl glyoxylate polymer was successfully catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether 3 to generate all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centers with good enantioselectivity.
Oxidative Heck Reaction of Fluorinated Olefins with Arylboronic Acids by Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Li Yang , Tu Dong‐Huai , Gu Yu‐Jie , Wang Bo , Wang Yao‐Yu , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Lu Jian
Published: June 2015

The palladium‐catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction of 2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoroprop‐1‐ene with various arylboronic acids was explored for the first time. This method provides a direct route to access (Z)‐β‐fluoro‐β‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with high stereoselectivity.
Fabrication of solid‐state nanopores and its perspectives
Authors: Kudr Jiri , Skalickova Sylvie , Nejdl Lukas , Moulick Amitava , Ruttkay–Nedecky Branislav , Adam Vojtech , Kizek Rene
Published: June 2015

Nanofluidics is becoming an extensively developing technique in the field of bioanalytical chemistry. Nanoscale hole embed in an insulating membrane is employed in a vast variety of sensing platforms and applications. Although, biological nanopores have several attractive characteristics, in this paper, we focused on the solid‐state nanopores due to their advantages as high stability, possibility of diameter control, and ease of surface functionalizing. A detection method, based on the translocation of analyzed molecules through nanochannels under applied voltage bias and resistive pulse sensing, is well established. Nevertheless, it seems that the new detection methods like measuring of transverse electron tunneling using nanogap electrodes or optical detection can offer significant additional advantages. The aim of this review is not to cite all related articles, but highlight the steps, which in our opinion, meant important progresses in solid‐state nanopore analysis.
Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic evaluation of mercury (II) removal from aqueous solutions by moss (Homalothecium sericeum) biomass
Authors: Ozdes Duygu , Duran Celal
Published: June 2015

In the present research, Homalothecium Sericeum was utilized for the first time as an effective and readily available adsorbent in removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solutions through a batch adsorption technique. The effects of initial solution pH, contact time, initial Hg(II) and adsorbent concentration, temperature, and ionic strengths were evaluated on the removal efficiency of Hg(II) ions, after being characterized of H. sericeum by different techniques. The maximum Hg(II) adsorption was obtained as 128.2 mg g−1 at initial pH 6.0 with an equilibrium time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage of 5.0 g L−1 and initial Hg(II) concentration range of 50–750 mg L−1. The adsorption behaviors of Hg(II) ions onto H. sericeum were investigated in terms of kinetics (pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, and intraparticle diffusion models), isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin Radushkevich models), and thermodynamics evaluation. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were found to be suitable to describe the adsorption equilibrium while the adsorption kinetics followed by the pseudo‐second order model. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) changes indicated that the adsorption of Hg(II) ions onto H. sericeum was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1620–1628, 2015
An integrated field and numerical modelling study of controls on Late Quaternary fluvial landscape development (Tabernas, southeast Spain)
Authors: Geach Martin R. , Viveen Willem , Mather Anne E. , Telfer Matt W. , Fletcher William J. , Stokes Martin , Peyron Odile
Published: June 2015

The variability of Quaternary landforms preserved in the Tabernas basin of southeast (SE) Spain raises numerous questions concerning the roles of external forcing mechanisms (e.g. tectonics and/or climate) and internal landscape properties (e.g. lithological controls) in the evolution of the basin‐wide fluvial system over Late Quaternary timescales. In this study, we apply the FLUVER2 numerical model to investigate the significance of these landscape controls upon patterns of landscape evolution. We highlight the complications of generating realistic input datasets for use in the modelling of long‐term landscape evolution (e.g. discharge and runoff datasets). Model outputs are compared to extensive field mapping of fluvial terraces, their sedimentary architecture and optically stimulated luminescence dating results of the terraces. The results demonstrate the significance of non‐linear rates of flexural tectonic uplift towards the west of the Tabernas Basin which have controlled base levels throughout the Quaternary and promoted the formation of a series of diverging fluvial terraces. Our numerical model results further highlight the importance of climate cycles upon river terrace formation. Basin‐wide aggradation events were modelled during the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to 5 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as supported by field evidence. This aggradational pattern supports the regional hypothesis of terrace formation during global glacial cycles and cold‐to‐warm stage transitions and supports the use of sea surface temperature climate proxy data in the modelling exercise. The availability of sediments derived from the surrounding hillslopes and adjacent alluvial fans explains the generation of substantial terrace aggradations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local Evolution of Triple Phase Boundary in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack After Long‐term Operation
Authors: Brus G. , Iwai H. , Otani Y. , Saito M. , Yoshida H. , Szmyd J. S.
Published: June 2015

In this research a 100 W solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) stack was tested. After 3,700 hours of continuous operation a subsequent post‐test analysis of the anodes' microstructure was conducted using a combination of focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained data was reconstructed into three‐dimensional images, based on which the microstructure parameters were obtained. The microstructure parameters were quantified at nine different locations in the stack. The discussion focuses on tripe phase boundaries as the most important microstructure parameter strongly affecting the anode performance and degradation. The obtained results indicate strong non‐homogeneous microstructure morphology changes after long‐term operation.
Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Tabibian James H. , O'Hara Steven P. , Trussoni Christy E. , Tietz Pamela S. , Splinter Patrick L. , Mounajjed Taofic , Hagey Lee R. , LaRusso Nicholas F.
Published: June 2015

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, idiopathic, fibroinflammatory cholangiopathy. The role of the microbiota in PSC etiopathogenesis may be fundamentally important, yet remains obscure. We tested the hypothesis that germ‐free (GF) mutltidrug resistance 2 knockout (mdr2−/−) mice develop a distinct PSC phenotype, compared to conventionally housed (CV) mdr2−/− mice. Mdr2−/− mice (n = 12) were rederived as GF by embryo transfer, maintained in isolators, and sacrificed at 60 days in parallel with age‐matched CV mdr2−/− mice. Serum biochemistries, gallbladder bile acids, and liver sections were examined. Histological findings were validated morphometrically, biochemically, and by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). Cholangiocyte senescence was assessed by p16INK4a
in situ hybridization in liver tissue and by senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining in a culture‐based model of insult‐induced senescence. Serum biochemistries, including alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin, were significantly higher in GF mdr2−/− (P < 0.01). Primary bile acids were similar, whereas secondary bile acids were absent, in GF mdr2−/− mice. Fibrosis, ductular reaction, and ductopenia were significantly more severe histopathologically in GF mdr2−/− mice (P < 0.01) and were confirmed by hepatic morphometry, hydroxyproline assay, and IFM. Cholangiocyte senescence was significantly increased in GF mdr2−/− mice and abrogated in vitro by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. Conclusions: GF mdr2−/− mice exhibit exacerbated biochemical and histological features of PSC and increased cholangiocyte senescence, a characteristic and potential mediator of progressive biliary disease. UDCA, a commensal microbial metabolite, abrogates senescence in vitro. These findings demonstrate the importance of the commensal microbiota and its metabolites in protecting against biliary injury and suggest avenues for future studies of biomarkers and therapeutic interventions in PSC. (Hepatology 2016;63:185–196)
Community participation in the decentralised district health systems in Tanzania: why do some health committees perform better than others?
Authors: Maluka Stephen Oswald , Bukagile Godfrey
Published: June 2015

Over the past two decades, community participation has emerged as an important dimension within decentralised district healthcare systems. In Tanzania, initiatives to strengthen community participation have focused on the formation of the health committees. Studies have reported variations in the performance of the committees. An exploratory case study design focusing on two districts was adopted to explore the differences in practice of the health facility committees in a well‐functioning district and one that is not.

In both study districts, the committees were in place. The most common activities of the health committees were assisting the clinic in day‐to‐day running. The health committees' influence on policy, planning and budgeting was limited. Managerial and leadership practices of the district health managers, including effective supervision and personal initiatives of the top‐district health officials coupled with incentives, are the major factors for the good performance of the health facility committees and the boards. Inadequate training and low public awareness affected the performance of the committees.

A greater role in governance and oversight is essential for effective and meaningful health committees. To achieve impact, health committees will require adequate training on the following: roles and functions of the health facility committees and the boards; interaction between the committees and the communities and the health workers; development of health plans and budgets at the local and district level; and monitoring and tracking. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amaranthus leucocarpus lectin recognizes a moesin‐like O‐glycoprotein and costimulates murine CD3‐activated CD4+ T cells
Authors: Arenas‐Del Ángel Maria , Legorreta‐Herrera Martha , Mendoza‐Hernández Guillermo , Garfias Yonathan , Chávez Raul , Zenteno Edgar , Lascurain Ricardo
Published: June 2015

The Galβ1,3GalNAcα1,O‐Ser/Thr specific lectin from Amaranthus leucocarpus (ALL) binds a ∼70 kDa glycoprotein on murine T cell surface. We show that in the absence of antigen presenting cells, murine CD4+ T cells activated by an anti‐CD3 antibody plus ALL enhanced cell proliferation similar to those cells activated via CD3/CD28 at 48 h of culture. Moreover, ALL induced the production of IL‐4, IL‐10, TNF‐alpha, and TGF‐beta in CD3‐activated cells. Proteomic assay using two‐dimensional electrophoresis and far‐Western blotting, ALL recognized two prominent proteins associated to the lipid raft microdomains in CD3/CD28‐activated CD4+ T cells. By mass spectrometry, the peptide fragments from ALL‐recognized proteins showed sequences with 33% homology to matricin (gi|347839 NCBInr) and 41% identity to an unnamed protein related to moesin (gi|74186081 NCBInr). Confocal microscopy analysis of CD3/CD28‐activated CD4+ T cells confirmed that staining by ALL colocalized with anti‐moesin FERM domain antibody along the plasma membrane and in the intercellular contact sites. Our findings suggest that a moesin‐like O‐glycoprotein is the ALL‐recognized molecule in lipid rats, which induces costimulatory signals on CD4+ T cells.
Towards NO‐free Regulation of sGC: Design and Synthesis of trans‐AB‐porphyrins
Authors: Smoleń Sabina , Walaszek Dominika J. , Karczewski Maksymilian , Martin Emil , Gryko Dorota
Published: June 2015

The pathogenesis of the cardiovascular system is often associated with dysfunction of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), which can be stimulated in both an NO‐dependent and ‐independent manner. It was previously reported that PPIX and its amphiphilic derivatives markedly activate the enzyme. To date, all porphyrins studied are naturally occurring compounds or their derivatives, possessing substituents at β‐positions. Such porphyrins are of limited abundance and their derivatives or analogues are difficult to synthesize, while synthetic meso‐substituted porphyrins are easy to prepare. Thus, we have decided to study their effect on guanylate cyclase. To this end, a series of trans‐AB‐porphyrins, bearing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups at the opposite ends of the macrocycle, loosely mimicking the arrangement of the substituents in PPIX, was design and synthesized. Their synthesis involves preparation of suitable building blocks – dipyrromethanes, starting from aldehydes or acetals and following an acid‐catalyzed [2+2]‐dipyrromethane condensation. Biological properties of synthesized porphyrins with regard to sGC activation were tested. meso‐Substituted porphyrins do interact with sGC, though they are poor activators, indicating that further optimization of their structure is required.
Analytic Requirements for the Doubly Labeled Water Method
Authors: Schoeller Dale A. , Taylor Peter B. , Shay Kathyjo
Published: June 2015

The doubly labeled water method is the first method that accurately measures total daily energy expenditure in free‐living subjects over periods of days to weeks. Validations have indicated that the method can be performed with a coefficient of variation of between 3% and 5%. This precision, however, is dependent on the quality of the isotopic analyses. A recent interlaboratory comparison has indicated that there is a wide variation in the accuracy and precision with which deuterium and 18O enrichments are measured. This reduces the accuracy and precision with which a laboratory will perform the doubly labeled water method and in some cases may limit the application of this technique. Herein we review the analytical requirements for optimal use of the method and some of the potential sources of error in the stable isotope analysis.
Correction Approaches for Doubly Labeled Water in Situations of Changing Background Water Abundance
Authors: Jones Peter J.H.
Published: June 2015

Doubly labeled water (DLW) is an accurate, portable method for measuring free‐living energy expenditure. However, under certain conditions shifts in baseline abundance of deuterium and oxygen‐18 tracers used in the method may produce errors in derivation of both turnover (k) rates and calculated energy expenditure. Present objectives were to examine during what experimental situations baseline errors arise and to address means of correcting for such baseline shifts so that consequent errors in energy expenditure calculations are minimized. Under conditions where shifts in baseline abundance for deuterium and oxygen‐18 parallel abundances corresponding to the natural meteoric water ratio, self‐compensating changes in k values for both deuterium and oxygen will result in minimal error to the DLW energy expenditure calculations, provided that the dose ratio of isotopes also mimics the meteoric water line. However, in situations where relative shifts in abundance of each isotope across the measurement period are not in parallel relative to the natural meteoric water line, then the potential for larger DLW errors exists. Optimally, subjects should equilibrate with the new water source. Failing this, correction for shifting baseline can be accomplished by measuring isotopic abundance changes in a control group of subjects not given the DLW dose, but performing similar tasks and consuming the same diet as the group given DLW. Alternatively, theoretically based correction values can be calculated given knowledge of the abundances of the final drinking water and the interval time that subjects consumed the new fluid.
The Maastricht Protocol for the Measurement of Body Composition and Energy Expenditure with Labeled Water
Authors: Westerterp Klaas R. , Wouters Loek , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter D.
Published: June 2015

An update of practical aspects of the use of labeled water for the measurement of total body water (TBW) and energy expenditure (EE) is presented as applied in Maastricht, The Netherlands. We use a 10‐hour equilibration period. The isotopes for the measurement of TBW and EE are routinely administered, after collecting a background urine sample, as a last consumption before the night. Our data show an underestimate of TBW measured with isotope dilution after 4 hours (in the morning), a discrepancy which increases with the size of TBW. No such relation and no significant differences were found after 10‐hour (overnight) equilibration. The ratio between the dilution space for deuterium and oxygen‐18 is higher than the earlier figure of 1.03, especially in adult subjects with a high body fat content. For an observation period of EE over two weeks, samples from the second and the last voiding on the first, mid, and last day of the observation period are collected. Differences in EE calculated from morning and evening samples within the first and second week allow detection of sampling errors and if so, samples are excluded from the final calculation. Differences of EE between weeks 1 and 2 allow a check for the consistency of the subjects' physical activity level and usually fall within 10% of the average EE over the total observation interval.
Difficulties in establishing regulations for engineered nanomaterials and considerations for policy makers: avoiding an unbalance between benefits and risks
Authors: Garduño‐Balderas Luis Guillermo , Urrutia‐Ortega Ismael Manuel , Medina‐Reyes Estefany Ingrid , Chirino Yolanda Irasema
Published: June 2015

Current evidence of engineered nanomaterials’ (ENM) toxicity has led to a latent concern about hazards for both humans and the environment. For this reason, some efforts have been made to suggest frameworks or other guidance to regulate ENM handling; however, the real exposure risk to humans has not been well established. The aims of this work were to analyze the difficulties in establishing regulations for ENM and to discuss some considerations that may be helpful for policy makers involved in the regulation of ENM. Difficulties in establishing regulations are based on the novel properties of ENM associated with cytotoxic effects, the insufficiency of standardized methods to test those effects and the lack of epidemiological evidence of ENM toxicity, especially in occupational settings. Nevertheless, we offer some suggestions for establishing regulations, which include frameworks oriented towards protecting personnel exposed to ENM without decreasing production. In addition, we propose an ENM data sheet to offer available information of ENM. Finally, ethical aspects should also be considered in developing ENM regulations because every person who is working around or consuming ENM has the right to be informed about the potential risk. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating mitochondriomics in children's environmental health
Authors: Brunst Kelly J. , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Wright Rosalind J.
Published: June 2015

The amount of scientific research linking environmental exposures and childhood health outcomes continues to grow; yet few studies have teased out the mechanisms involved in environmentally‐induced diseases. Cells can respond to environmental stressors in many ways: inducing oxidative stress/inflammation, changes in energy production and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria, tiny organelles that each retains their own DNA, are exquisitely sensitive to environmental insults and are thought to be central players in these pathways. While it is intuitive that mitochondria play an important role in disease processes, given that every cell of our body is dependent on energy metabolism, it is less clear how environmental exposures impact mitochondrial mechanisms that may lead to enhanced risk of disease. Many of the effects of the environment are initiated in utero and integrating mitochondriomics into children's environmental health studies is a critical priority. This review will highlight (i) the importance of exploring environmental mitochondriomics in children's environmental health, (ii) why environmental mitochondriomics is well suited to biomarker development in this context, and (iii) how molecular and epigenetic changes in mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may reflect exposures linked to childhood health outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(ethylene glycol)‐containing hydrogels modulate α‐defensin release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocyte recruitment
Authors: Lieberthal Tyler Jacob , Cohen Hannah Caitlin , Kao W. John
Published: June 2015

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) release granule proteins as the first line of defense against bacteria and set up chemotactic gradients that result in monocyte infiltration to the site of injury. Although well established, the role of biomaterials in regulating adherent PMN degranulation and subsequent PMN‐monocyte paracrine interactions is less clear. The aim of this study was to determine how biomaterials affect the degranulation of selected biomarkers and downstream monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐containing hydrogels (PEG and an interpenetrating network of PEG and gelatin) promote the release of the α‐defensins human neutrophil peptides 1–3, but not azurocidin or monocyte chemotactic protein‐1. Although human neutrophil peptides 1–3 are monocyte chemoattractants, no subsequent effects on monocyte transmigration are observed in static conditions. Under flow conditions, monocyte adhesion on human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α is elevated in the presence of granule proteins from PMNs adherent on polydimethylsiloxane, but not from PMNs cultured on PEG hydrogels. These results suggest that PEG promotes PMN antimicrobial capacity without enhanced monocyte recruitment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3772–3780, 2015.
The Influence of Concentration on the Morphology of Fibres Self‐assembled by Ferrocenyl Surfacant and Methyl Orange
Authors: Li Qiuhong , Luo Linlin , Liu Runzhe , Li Aixiang
Published: June 2015

Ionic self‐assembly, the combination of the building blocks with opposite charge by electrostatic association, has many merits, such as simple, cheap and easy to get, flexible reversible and wide range of applications. In this paper, fibres were synthesized by combining surfactant N, N‐dimethylferrocenylmethyl hexadecyl‐ammonium bromide (Fc16AB) and fluorescent dye methyl orange (MO) using ionic self‐assembly techniques. The morphology of self‐assemblies with different concentration are measured and characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the concentration of Fc16AB and MO has great effects on the morphology of obtained microfibers.