bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates inflammation‐induced hyperexcitability of trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis neurons associated with hyperalgesia in rats
Authors: Nakazaki Sou , Tadokoro Kazuya , Takehana Shiori , Syoji Yumiko , Shimazu Yoshihito , Takeda Mamoru
Published: October 2018

The present study investigated whether daily systemic administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats could attenuate the hyperexcitability of trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons associated with hyperalgesia. Inflammation was induced in rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into the whisker pads. The threshold of escape from mechanical stimulation applied to the whisker pads in inflamed rats was significantly lower than that in naïve rats. The lowered mechanical threshold in the inflamed rats was returned to that in naïve rats by 3 d intraperitoneal administration of DHA. The mean discharge frequency of SpVc neurons in inflamed rats was significantly decreased after DHA administration for 3 d with both non‐noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli. DHA administration also significantly decreased the increased spontaneous discharges of SpVc neurons in the inflamed rats, while DHA significantly diminished noxious pinch evoked after the discharge frequency and the expanded receptive field in the inflamed rats was returned to control levels. These results suggested that chronic administration of DHA attenuates inflammation‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia associated with the suppression of the hyperexcitability of SpVc neurons. These findings support the potential use of DHA as a therapeutic agent in complementary alternative medicine for mitigating trigeminal inflammatory hyperalgesia.
A micromechanical fracture analysis to investigate the effect of healing particles on the overall mechanical response of a self‐healing particulate composite
Authors: Ponnusami Sathiskumar A. , Krishnasamy Jayaprakash , Turteltaub Sergio , van der Zwaag Sybrand
Published: October 2018

A computational fracture analysis is conducted on a self‐healing particulate composite employing a finite element model of an actual microstructure. The key objective is to quantify the effects of the actual morphology and the fracture properties of the healing particles on the overall mechanical behaviour of the (MoSi2) particle‐dispersed Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (YSZ) composite. To simulate fracture, a cohesive zone approach is utilised whereby cohesive elements are embedded throughout the finite element mesh allowing for arbitrary crack initiation and propagation in the microstructure. The fracture behaviour in terms of the composite strength and the percentage of fractured particles is reported as a function of the mismatch in fracture properties between the healing particles and the matrix as well as a function of particle/matrix interface strength and fracture energy. The study can be used as a guiding tool for designing an extrinsic self‐healing material and understanding the effect of the healing particles on the overall mechanical properties of the material.
Differential effects of biological invasions on coastal blue carbon: A global review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davidson Ian C. , Cott Grace M. , Devaney John L. , Simkanin Christina
Published: October 2018

Human‐caused shifts in carbon (C) cycling and biotic exchange are defining characteristics of the Anthropocene. In marine systems, saltmarsh, seagrass, and mangrove habitats—collectively known as “blue carbon” and coastal vegetated habitats (CVHs)—are a leading sequester of global C and increasingly impacted by exotic species invasions. There is growing interest in the effect of invasion by a diverse pool of exotic species on C storage and the implications for ecosystem‐based management of these systems. In a global meta‐analysis, we synthesized data from 104 papers that provided 345 comparisons of habitat‐level response (plant and soil C storage) from paired invaded and uninvaded sites. We found an overall net effect of significantly higher C pools in invadedCVHs amounting to 40% (±16%) higher C storage than uninvaded habitat, but effects differed among types of invaders. Elevated C storage was driven by blue C‐forming plant invaders (saltmarsh grasses, seagrasses, and mangrove trees) that intensify biomass per unit area, extend and elevate coastal wetlands, and convert coastal mudflats into C‐rich vegetated habitat. Introduced animal and structurally distinct primary producers had significant negative effects on C pools, driven by herbivory, trampling, and native species displacement. The role of invasion manifested differently among habitat types, with significant C storage increases in saltmarshes, decreases in seagrass, and no significant effect in mangroves. There were also counter‐directional effects by the same species in different systems or locations, which underscores the importance of combining data mining with analyses of mean effect sizes in meta‐analyses. Our study provides a quantitative basis for understanding differential effects of invasion on blue C habitats and will inform conservation strategies that need to balance management decisions involving invasion, C storage, and a range of other marine biodiversity and habitat functions in these coastal systems.
Usefulness of bone microarchitectural and geometric DXA‐derived parameters in haemophilic patients
Authors: Ulivieri Fabio Massimo , Rebagliati Giulia Antonella Angela , Piodi Luca Petruccio , Solimeno Luigi Piero , Pasta Gianluigi , Boccalandro Elena , Fasulo Maria Rosaria , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Santagostino Elena
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Haemophilia is a recessive X‐linked inherited bleeding disorder, whose typical symptom is spontaneous intra‐articular haemorrhage leading to joint damage, which can be quantified by the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS). Arthropathy and other characteristics of haemophilic patients may reduce bone mineral density (BMD), increasing the risk for fragility fractures, which also may occur due to bone quality impairment.

Aim

To evaluate bone quantity by BMD and bone quality by Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), bone strain (BS) and hip structural analysis (HSA) in a haemophilic population, and to relate these parameters to general and specific risk factors for osteoporosis and to HJHS.

Methods

Seventy haemophilic patients ≥18 years were enrolled. Densitometric derived lumbar spine and femoral BMD with TBS, BS and HSA were performed. Data regarding risk factors for osteoporosis, presence of arthroprosthesis or arthrodesis were collected, and HJHS was calculated. A Z‐score ≤−2.0 defined a low bone mass.

Results

Overall, a reduced bone mass was present in 52 patients at the femur and in 38 at the lumbar spine. Lumbar spine BMD, TBS and BS did not correlate with HJHS. HSA bone geometric parameters correlated negatively with HJHS. BMD and HSA correlated with some risk factors for osteoporosis, namely HIV and its therapy, hepatitis C and smoking.

Conclusions

Haemophilic patients showed a reduced BMD at lumbar spine and/or femur. Femoral bone density and geometry correlated with HJHS. The microarchitecture of the trabecular vertebral bone seemed to be not influenced by the haemophilic joint damage.
THE IMPACT OF BODY WEIGHT ON OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Harris Matthew C.
Published: October 2018

This article examines the relationship between individuals' weight and employment decisions over the life cycle. I estimate a dynamic stochastic model of individuals' annual choices of occupation, hours worked, and schooling. Evidence suggests that heavier individuals face higher switching costs when transitioning into white‐collar occupations, earn lower returns to experience in white‐collar occupations, and earn lower wages in socially intensive jobs. I simulate a hypothetical antidiscrimination policy treating obese workers as a protected class. Although such a policy would reduce gaps in occupational attainment, it would have little effect on the observed divergence in wages between obese and nonobese workers.
Antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel: a review
Authors: Singh Balwinder , Singh Jatinder Pal , Kaur Amritpal , Singh Narpinder
Published: October 2018

Pomegranate peel (PoP) is a byproduct of the fruit juice processing industry, comprising nearly 30–40% of fruit portion. PoP is rich in polyphenols (phenolic acids, tannins and flavonoids particularly anthocyanins) which are known to have diverse biological functions including effectiveness against pathogenic microorganisms. PoP has shown a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity (AMA) of PoP against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. It also presented promising AMA against antibiotic resistant microbial strains such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The high levels of polyphenols, particularly punicalagin and ellagic acid, present in PoP have been responsible for its antifungal properties. PoP is effective against many fungi including both pathogenic (Aspergillus flavus) and opportunistic pathogens. These activities of PoP may be exploited as a phytomedicine for humans, in order to eliminate the use of antibiotics and reducing their cost. This review provides collective up‐to‐date information on the efficacy of plant‐derived AMA of PoP.
The prevalence of community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity in a diverse sample of US communities: the Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Collie‐Akers V. L. , Schultz J. A. , Fawcett S. B. , Obermeier S. M. , Pate R. R. , John L. V. , Weber S. A. , Logan A. , Arteaga S. S. , Loria C. M. , Webb K. ,   on behalf of the Healthy Communities Study Team
Published: October 2018

Introduction

This manuscript describes the prevalence and attributes of community programmes and policies (CPPs) to address childhood obesity documented as occurring in 130 diverse US communities.

Methods

Key informant interviews (N = 1420) and document abstraction were used to identify and characterize CPPs to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition occurring during a 10‐year retrospective study period. Data were collected in 2013–2015 and analysed in 2016.

Results

Across all 130 communities, 9681 distinct CPPs were reported as occurring by key informants. Of these, 5574 (58%) focused on increasing physical activity, 2596 (27%) on improving nutrition and 1511 (16%) on both behaviours. The mean number of CPPs per community was 74.0, with a range of 25 to 295 across all communities. Most CPPs occurred more than once (63%) and on average lasted 6.1 years. The greatest number of reported CPPs occurred in school settings (44%).

Conclusions

Communities showed a wide range of investment in the amount of CPPs occurring in settings that affect opportunities for children to engage in physical activity and healthy nutrition. The pattern of implementation of CPPs showed variation over time, with an increase in more recent years. This observational study provides new and valuable information about what US communities are doing to prevent childhood obesity.
Are Gold and Government Bond Safe‐Haven Assets? An Extremal Quantile Regression Analysis
Authors: Liu Wei‐han
Published: October 2018

This study reexamines gold and government bonds as potential safe‐haven assets (SHAs) during market turmoil from daily data in 16 international markets over the past 20 years. We apply the extremal quantile regression model by Chernozhukov and Chernozhukov and Fernandez‐Val for empirical investigation. The outcomes indicate that a government bond is more likely to be qualified an active SHA, which can increase in value during market turmoil. Gold can be generally evaluated as a passive SHA, which is uncorrelated with market slumps. However, at the extremal 0.001 quantile level, neither asset can be qualified as a SHA. Since both assets exhibit a similar number of cases of being qualified as SHAs, we cannot significantly differentiate the “flight‐to‐liquidity” and “flight‐to‐quality” hypotheses. In terms of market selection, United States and Singapore are the top two choices while France and Hungary are the least commended markets to invest their local gold market as SHA.
Pressure injury prevention and management practices among nurses: A realist case study
Authors: Teo Charlene Si Min , Claire Cynthia Allyssa , Lopez Violeta , Shorey Shefaly
Published: October 2018

The prevention and management of a pressure injury is a nurse‐sensitive quality indicator in hospitals. Prevention and management of pressure injury practices have been found to be suboptimal despite the availability of interventions. Currently, there is a poor understanding of the mechanisms behind these interventions. The aim of the study was to explain a realistic portrayal of nurses' current practices to prevent and manage pressure injuries in one public hospital in Singapore. A realistic case study design was adopted. Twenty‐four nurses were recruited. Audio‐recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim to facilitate thematic analysis. Prevention and management was generally facilitated through the timely escalation of care, effective communication, support from the wound nurses, and bridging of the knowledge‐practice gap. However, factors such as nurses' intrinsic characteristics and organisational support may affect the outcomes of these facilitators. Overall, nurses strive to achieve patient safety, where pressure injuries are prevented to the best of their abilities. This study provides causal links between contextual factors, mechanisms of the prevention and management, and the outcomes achieved. Further refinement and testing of the specific mechanisms are needed and will contribute to a better understanding of how nurses prevent and manage pressure injuries.
Unobserved automated office BP is similar to other clinic BP measurements: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Papademetriou Vasilios , Tsioufis Costas , Chung Annice , Geladari Charalampia , Andreadis Emmanuel A.
Published: October 2018

Results of the SPRINT study have been disputed, based on the assumption that unattended BP measurements do not correlate with usual BP measurements. In this study, the authors investigated the correlation of unattended SPRINT‐like measurements with other conventional measurements. All BP measurements were taken with the patient seated in a comfortable chair with the legs uncrossed and not speaking during the procedure. For the purpose of this study, sixty‐five patients, mostly male (93%), were recruited from our hypertension clinic and all were on antihypertensive medication (av 3.0 ± 1.1). Patients were at high cardiovascular risk with high rates of comorbidities, av age 68 ± 12 years, 49% with diabetes, 34% with mild CKD (CKD 1‐3, average eGFR 55.0 ± 13 mL/min/1.73 m2), and 20% with history of stable coronary artery disease. All BP measurements were similar with no statistically significant difference (one‐way ANOVA,P = 0.621). Compared to unattended SPRINT BP values (139.77 ± 19.22/75.42 ± 11.72 mm Hg), the clinic BP measurements were numerically slightly higher but with a NSPvalue (P = 0.163). Similarly, unattended BP measurements were similar to values taken by the clinic physician. In a smaller cohort of 11 patients, the authors compared unobserved vs observed SPRINT‐like BP measurements, and in 13 patients, the authors compared unobserved SPRINT‐like BP measurements to average home BP measurements (Table 3). There were no significant differences between any of the subgroups (one‐way ANOVA,P = 0.816 for systolic andP = 0.803 for diastolic). The authors conclude that unattended BP measurements taken (the SPRINT way) are similar to other conventional office blood pressure measurements.
Long noncoding RNA CASC9/miR‐519d/STAT3 positive feedback loop facilitate the glioma tumourigenesis
Authors: Liu Hongjiang , Li Chen , Yang Jiankai , Sun Yuchen , Zhang Shunyao , Yang Jipeng , Yang Liang , Wang Yuanyu , Jiao Baohua
Published: October 2018

Emerging evidence have illustrated the vital roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioma. Nevertheless, the majority of their roles and mechanisms in gliomagenesis are still largely unclear. In this study, we investigate the roles of lncRNA CASC9 on glioma tumourigenesis and authenticate its potential mechanisms. Results manifested that CASC9 was highly expressed in glioma specimens and cells, moreover, the ectopic overexpression was correlated with glioma patients’ clinic. Functional studies found that siRNA‐mediated CASC9 silencing inhibited the proliferative ability, invasion in vitro, and impaired the tumour growth in vivo. Mechanical studies revealed that miR‐519d both targeted the 3′‐UTR of CASC9 and STAT3 mRNA, which was identified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay revealed that STAT3, an oncogenic transcription factor, could bind with the promoter of CASC9 and activate its transcriptional level. In conclusion, our results concluded that CASC9 promotes STAT3 expression via sponging miR‐519d, in return, STAT3 activate CASC9 transcription, forming a positive feedback loop of CASC9/miR‐519d/STAT3. The novel finding provides a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Effects of diet on cranial morphology and biting ability in musteloid mammals
Authors: Law Chris J. , Duran Emma , Hung Nancy , Richards Ekai , Santillan Isaac , Mehta Rita S.
Published: October 2018

Size and shape are often considered important variables that lead to variation in performance. In studies of feeding, size‐corrected metrics of the skull are often used as proxies of biting performance; however, few studies have examined the relationship between cranial shape in its entirety and estimated bite force across species and how dietary ecologies may affect these variables differently. Here, we used geometric morphometric and phylogenetic comparative approaches to examine relationships between cranial morphology and estimated bite force in the carnivoran clade Musteloidea. We found a strong relationship between cranial size and estimated bite force but did not find a significant relationship between cranial shape and size‐corrected estimated bite force. Many‐to‐one mapping of form to function may explain this pattern because a variety of evolutionary shape changes rather than a single shape change may have contributed to an increase in relative biting ability. We also found that dietary ecologies influenced cranial shape evolution but did not influence cranial size nor size‐corrected bite force evolution. Although musteloids with different diets exhibit variation in cranial shapes, they have similar estimated bite forces suggesting that other feeding performance metrics and potentially nonfeeding traits are also important contributors to cranial evolution. We postulate that axial and appendicular adaptations and the interesting feeding behaviours reported for species within this group also facilitate different dietary ecologies between species. Future work integrating cranial, axial and appendicular form and function with behavioural observations will reveal further insights into the evolution of dietary ecologies and other ecological variables.
Who Acquires Toxic Targets?
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Yawson Alfred
Published: October 2018

We examine the consequences of environmental lawsuits in the market for corporate control. Using a sample of lawsuits filed in the U.S. federal courts, we document that environmental litigation reduces sued firms’ bidding activities during the subsequent three years. Purchasing targets that have been sued for environmental violations is value destroying for acquirers, as evidenced by their announcement‐date returns. Finally, firms with poor corporate governance are more likely to acquire such “toxic” targets. Our empirical results are robust to falsification tests using securities and contractual lawsuits, controlling for endogeneity using an instrumental variable approach, propensity score matching, employing an alternative lawsuit sample, and alternative control variables and model specifications. Our findings have significant implications for policymakers, corporate executives, and environmental interest groups.
Physiotherapists' attitudes toward low back pain treatment: Do work setting and clinical experience with low back patients matter?
Authors: Roitenberg Neta
Published: October 2018

Rationale, aims, and objectives

Physiotherapists' attitudes toward low back pain (LBP) are linked to patients' attitudes toward pain, chronicity, and disability. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the variables associated with physiotherapists' attitudes. The present study seeks to explore whether there is an association between the physiotherapists' work setting and their attitudes toward LBP, whether there is an association between the physiotherapists' clinical experience with LBP patients and their attitudes toward LBP, and which variable best predicts physiotherapists' attitudes toward LBP.

Method

A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect the data which included a socio‐demographic section, self‐reports about the work setting, and a clinical experience section. Participants also completed the 15‐item Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC‐Pairs) questionnaire. The HC‐Pairs is scored on a 7‐point Likert scale, a high score indicating a stronger belief that pain limits daily function.

Results

A total of 213 physiotherapists completed the questionnaire. The mean HC‐Pairs score of community‐orthopaedics physiotherapists was significantly lower than that of non community‐orthopaedics physiotherapists (mean 44.02‐ + 9.44 vs 48.69‐ + 10.89, t = −3.29, P < 0.001) indicating that community‐orthopaedics physiotherapists hold a weaker belief that pain limits daily function. Analysis suggests that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean HC‐Pairs scores between the high‐frequency and the low‐frequency group (F = 4.688, P < 0.05) implicating that as physiotherapists experience more frequent encounters with LBP patients, their belief that pain limits daily function of these patients weakens. Work setting is the only variable that predicts the HC‐Pairs scores.

Conclusions

There is an association between physiotherapists' work setting and clinical experience with LBP patients and their attitudes toward LBP. These findings have implications for future educational programs for physiotherapists and suggest the need to adapt programs to the work setting of physiotherapists and to their level of clinical experience.
Identification of a highly specific DNA aptamer for Vibrio vulnificus using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment coupled with asymmetric PCR
Authors: Yan Wanli , Gu Lide , Liu Shu , Ren Wei , Lyu Mingsheng , Wang Shujun
Published: October 2018

Vibrio vulnificus is an important bacterial pathogen that causes serious infections in fish and is also highly pathogenic to humans. Many effective detection methods targeting this pathogen have previously been designed, but many of these methods are time‐consuming, complicated and expensive. Thus, these approaches cannot be widely used by small aqacultural concerns. Although DNA aptamers have been used to detect pathogenic bacteria, these have not been applied to marine bacteria, including V. vulnificus. Therefore, we developed a highly specific DNA aptamer for V. vulnificus detection using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), coupled with asymmetric PCR. After 13 rounds of cross‐selection, we identified a novel DNA aptamer (Vapt2). We evaluated the affinity, specificity and limit of detection (LOD) of this aptamer for V. vulnificus. We found that Vapt2 had a high affinity for V. vulnificus (Kd = 26.8 ± 5.3 nM) and detected this pathogen at a wide range of concentrations (8–2.0 × 108 cfu/ml). Vapt2 bound to V. vulnificus with high selectivity in the presence of other pathogenic bacteria. Our study increases our knowledge of the possible applications of aptamers with respect to marine bacteria. Moreover, our work might provide a framework for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria and water pollution.
Molecular biology of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus infection in giant freshwater prawn
Authors: Low Chen‐Fei , Md Yusoff Mohd Radzi , Kuppusamy Giva , Ahmad Nadzri Nur Farahiyah
Published: October 2018

Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) has been threatening the giant freshwater prawn aquaculture since 1997, causing white tail disease in the prawn species that leads to 100% lethality of the infected postlarvae. Comprehension of the viral infectivity and pathogenesis at molecular biology level has recently resolved the viral capsid protein and evidenced the significant difference in the viral structural protein compared to other nodaviruses that infect fish and insect. Cumulative researches have remarked the proposal to assert MrNV as a member of new genus, gammanodavirus to the Nodaviridae family. The significance of molecular biology in MrNV infection is being highlighted in this current review, revolving the viral life cycle from virus binding and entry into host, virus replication in host cell, to virus assembly and release. The current review also highlights the emerging aptamers technology that is also known as synthetic antibody, its application in disease diagnosis, and its prophylactic and therapeutic properties. The future perspective of synthetic virology technology in understanding viral pathogenesis, as well as its potential in viral vaccine development, is also discussed.
Morphological differences in lower facial third soft tissues in children with and without gingival smile: A cross‐sectional comparative study
Authors: Zapata‐Noreña Oscar , Barbosa‐Lis Diana M. , Bernal Lucia V. , Tamayo Laura C. , Bustamante Juliana
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim

The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between lower facial third and smile type in silent mixed‐dentition patients.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study, approved by the ethics committee, was conducted in a population of 2760 children, from which a convenient sample of 198 was included: 75 with gingival smile (GS) and 123 without GS (1:1.64). Clinical examination and videos were taken. Occlusal relation, overjet (OJ), overbite (OB), superior lip length at rest, superior lip length while smiling (SLLS), lower facial third height (LFTH), mid‐facial third height (MFTH), clinical crown length, and lip lift ability (LLA) were measured by two calibrated examiners (intraclass correlation coefficient: ≥.95). A normality test and demographic and bivariate analyses were undertaken. A non‐paired Student's t test was carried out in order to observe statistically‐significant differences between variables.

Results

There were no differences between sexes or associations between LFTH and GS. Statistically‐significant differences (P < .05) in MFTH, SLLS, LLA, OJ, and OB were found. A logistic regression model showed that the sum of LLA (odds ratio [OR]: .65, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: .50,.83]) and OB (OR: .88, 95% CI: .82, .93]) were GS predictive factors in 81.3% of cases.

Conclusions

OB and LLA are GS predictive factors in prepubertal participants. There is no relation between LFTH and GS.
Establishing the Genomic Knowledge Matrix for Nursing Science
Authors: Regan Mary , Engler Mary B. , Coleman Bernice , Daack‐Hirsch Sandra , Calzone Kathleen A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To establish the knowledge needed to integrate the multiple branches of omics into nursing research to accelerate achieving the research recommendations of the Genomic Nursing Science Blueprint.

Methods

The creation of the Genomic Knowledge Matrix occurred in three phases. In phase 1, the Omics Nursing Science and Education Network (ONSEN) Education Workgroup completed an evidence, bioinformatics, and technology review to inform the components of the Matrix. The ONSEN Advisory Panel then reviewed and integrated revisions. Phase 3 solicited targeted public comment focused on education and research experts, and applicable revisions were made.

Findings

The Genomic Knowledge Matrix establishes the following content areas: cellular and molecular biology, system physiology, microbiology, and translational bioinformatics as the minimum required preparation for nurse scientists to understand omics and to integrate this knowledge into research. The Matrix also establishes levels of understanding needed to function based on the role of the nurse scientist.

Conclusions

The Genomic Knowledge Matrix addresses knowledge important for nurse scientists to integrate genomics into their research. Building on prior recommendations and existing genomic competencies, the Matrix was designed to present key knowledge elements critical to understand omics that underpin health and disease. Knowledge depth varies based on the research role.

Clinical Relevance

The Genomic Knowledge Matrix provides the vital guidance for training nurse scientists in the integration of genomics. The flexibility of the Matrix also provides guidance to inform fundamental genomic content needed in core science content in undergraduate and graduate level nursing curricula.
Differential Susceptibility to Parenting in Adolescent Girls: Moderation by Neural Sensitivity to Social Cues
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Davis Megan M. , Modi Haina H. , Fowler Carina , Kim Yuji , Telzer Eva H.
Published: October 2018

This research examined whether heightened neural activation to social cues confers adjustment advantages in supportive social contexts but adjustment disadvantages in stressful social contexts. Forty‐five adolescent girls were exposed to social exclusion during an fMRI scan and reported on parent–child relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Stressful parent–child relationships predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in girls with high and moderate but not low dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula activation during exclusion. In the context of supportive parent–child relationships, however, neural activation to exclusion predicted particularly low levels of depressive symptoms. This support for a biological sensitivity to context model suggests the possibility of redirecting adolescent girls’ neural sensitivity to social cues toward more positive adaptation.
A survey study to measure the practice of patient counselling and other community pharmacy services in Jordan
Authors: El-Dahiyat Faris , Curley Louise E. , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To identify the type of services currently provided by community pharmacists and to explore the barriers for providing high-quality services within the community pharmacy sector in Jordan.

Methods

Using random sampling technique, pharmacies were approached to take part in this questionnaire-based research. All the collected data were analysed using PASW® 18.0. Correlations were studied using Pearson's correlation.

Key findings

From the 714 community pharmacies that were approached, 374 pharmacists were responded to the survey 52.4%. The majority of pharmacies provided patient counselling for long-term conditions and weight management (72.5%, n = 271 and 70.3%, n = 263 respectively). Lack of patient interest was the main barrier for not providing pharmaceutical services according to 50.8% of pharmacists. Three-quarters of the pharmacists preferred to be given incentives for providing pharmaceutical services by government (73.3%, n = 274). There were significant correlations between providing community pharmacy services and subspecialty of the responding pharmacists (r = 0.142, P < 0.01), experience (r = 0.150, P < 0.01). Concerns regarding patient adherence to medications were raised by 88% of pharmacists. There was a significant positive correlation between subspecialty and concerns about adherence (r = −0.160, P < 0.01), on the other hand, significant negative correlation was found between years of experience and concerns about adherence (r = −0.246, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

This study provides baseline data for policymakers on what pharmaceutical services are currently available across community pharmacies in Jordan and what barriers to these services may exist. These data also give an insight into how to improve the delivery of professional services that could result in better health outcomes.
Digging deeper: why we need more Proterozoic algal fossils and how to get them
Authors: Graham Linda E.
Published: October 2018

Known Proterozoic algal fossils raise compelling questions about the origin and diversification of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, and their ecological influence in deep time. This Perspectives article describes particular examples of persistent evolutionary and biogeochemical issues whose resolution would be aided by additional algal fossil evidence from Proterozoic deposits, which have been the subjects of recent intensive study. New Proterozoic geosciences literature relevant to the early diversification of algae is surveyed. Previously underappreciated algal traits that might improve taxonomic attributions of fossil remains are highlighted. Processes that phycologists could use to improve detection of algal fossils are recommended. Potential geological sources of new Proterozoic fossils are suggested.
Polysomnography with an epiglottic pressure catheter does not alter obstructive sleep apnea severity or sleep efficiency
Authors: Carter Sophie G. , Carberry Jayne C. , Grunstein Ronald R. , Eckert Danny J.
Published: October 2018

Pharyngeal and oesophageal manometry is used clinically and in research to quantify respiratory effort, upper‐airway mechanics and the pathophysiological contributors to obstructive sleep apnea. However, the effects of this equipment on respiratory events and sleep in obstructive sleep apnea are unclear. As part of a clinical trial (ANZCTRN12613001106729), data from 28 participants who successfully completed a physiology night with an epiglottic catheter and nasal mask followed by a standard in‐laboratory polysomnography were compared. The apnea–hypopnea index was not different during the physiology night versus standard polysomnography (22 ± 14 versus 23 ± 13 events per hr, p = 0.71). Key sleep parameters were also not different compared between conditions, including sleep efficiency (79 ± 13 versus 81 ± 11%, p = 0.31) and the arousal index (26 ± 11 versus 27 ± 11 arousals per hr, p = 0.83). There were, however, sleep stage distribution changes between nights with less N3 and rapid eye movement sleep and more N1 on the physiology night, with no difference in N2 (53 ± 15 versus 48 ± 9, p = 0.08). However, these changes did not increase next‐day sleepiness. These findings indicate that while minor sleep stage distribution changes do occur towards lighter sleep, epiglottic manometry does not alter obstructive sleep apnea severity or sleep efficiency. Thus, epiglottic manometry can be used clinically and to collect detailed physiological information for research without major sleep disruption.
New light; friendly soil: affective–discursive dimensions of Anzac Day commemorations in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: McCreanor Tim , Wetherell Margaret , McConville Alex , Moewaka Barnes Helen , Moewaka Barnes Angela
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates affective–discursive dimensions of nation‐building via commemorations of nationhood within Aotearoa New Zealand to ask about how these assemblages construct feeling trajectories for citizen participants. We report auto‐ethnographic analyses of participation in specific Anzac Day war remembrance events that occurred in the capital city Wellington. Analyses point to the ways in which engagement in the choreographies of commemoration constructs varied emotion‐laden subject positions for participants and how these psycho‐social differences index and evoke contrasting memorial politics. We conclude that while the differences in affective ambience at different events may prompt citizens towards nationalistic or more conciliatory identity politics, the ceremonies create space for participants to feel and enact diverse affective practices.
Expression of ETS1 and LEF1 in salivary glands of Sjögren syndrome patients
Authors: Shah Nirav R. , Noll Braxton D. , Padilla Ricardo J. , Brennan Mike T. , Mougeot Farah B. , Mougeot Jean‐Luc C.
Published: October 2018

Objective

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting exocrine glands, thereby causing dry mouth and eyes (sicca). Our objective was to determine the expression of pSS pathogenic biomarker MMP9 and its putative transcription factors ETS1 and LEF1, in labial salivary glands of pSS patients.

Methods

Sicca patients were assigned to three groups based on focus score (FS): non‐pSS sicca (i.e., GR1 [FS = 0] and GR2 [0 < FS < 1]) and pSS (i.e., GR3 [FS ≥ 1]). We determined the mRNA and protein expression of MMP9, ETS1, and LEF1 in salivary gland biopsies. Also, ETS1‐CD4 and LEF1‐CD4 co‐expression analyses were performed.

Results

The mRNA expression of MMP9, ETS1, and LEF1 was upregulated in GR3 compared to GR1 (p < 0.01). Most GR3 salivary gland areas had moderate to high MMP9, ETS1, and LEF1 protein expression compared to GR1 and GR2. Further, ETS1‐CD4 and LEF1‐CD4 dual staining demonstrated that both salivary gland epithelial cells and lymphocytic infiltrates had increased levels of ETS1 and LEF1. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between ETS1(+)‐CD4(−) and LEF1(+)‐CD4(−) cells.

Conclusion

These results suggest, for the first time, a concerted increase in ETS1 and LEF1 expression in salivary gland epithelial cells of pSS patients that is reflective of the etiopathogenesis of pSS.
Adolescent and emerging adults’ evaluation of a Facebook site providing sexual health education
Authors: Jones Krista , Williams Jeff , Sipsma Heather , Patil Crystal
Published: October 2018

Objective

To explore participants’ evaluation of an online sexual health intervention posted on Facebook and identify appealing and effective ways to present sexual health content to adolescents and emerging adults (AEAs).

Design and Measures

A qualitative approach using peer moderated focus groups was used to elicit reflections on the Facebook site's content, appeal, and ease of navigation. Focus group discussions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes using conventional content analysis. Demographic data were analyzed with SPSS.

Sample

Participants (n = 63) were recruited from a Midwestern university and both an urban and rural high school. Eight focus groups were conducted.

Results

Participants reported significant concerns with the stigma associated with having sexual health conversations with parents, peers or providers. Participants thought the Facebook site provided reliable sexual health information, was not condescending, and was more visually appealing than other sites frequented by technology‐proficient AEA. AEAs suggested developing an independent sexual health education website.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrate the importance for having accurate and reliable sexual health information available on the internet. The use of visually appealing social media to communicate sexual health content that is interactive, informative, and user‐friendly and meets the educational needs of AEA in the Midwest is recommended.
Aggressiveness profiling of the coffee pathogen Colletotrichum kahawae
Authors: Vieira A. , Diniz I. , Loureiro A. , Pereira A. P. , Silva M. C. , Várzea V. , Batista D.
Published: October 2018

Colletotrichum kahawae is a specialized plant pathogen of arabica coffee in Africa, able to infect green berries. The economic impact of this pathogen means there is an urgent need to better understand its pathogenic lifestyle, in particular its aggressiveness. In this study, several quantitative traits including disease severity, latent period and incubation period were measured to concomitantly assess the aggressiveness of 26 C. kahawae isolates. The results show that the area under disease progression curve is the most informative variable, particularly when joined together with the index disease intensity 10 days after inoculation and latency period, while the incubation period is not a reliable trait to distinguish aggressiveness levels in C. kahawae. This study also confirms the suitability of hypocotyls and detached green berries to perform C. kahawae aggressiveness assays, revealing that hypocotyls are a more reproducible testing material. Based on isolate profiles, three aggressiveness classes were established (high, moderate and low). A cytological analysis of representative isolates from each class showed that aggressiveness can be related to the development of post‐penetration stages, rather than conidia germination and appressoria differentiation. This study provides, for the first time, the best metrics to evaluate C. kahawae aggressiveness, characterizing the profile of a broad range of isolates, and defining a set of parameters that can be used to classify new isolates. Furthermore, the collected information will contribute to the improvement of coffee breeding programmes, through the selection of tester isolates for prescreening of resistant coffee materials, and offers the opportunity to engage on future genotype–phenotype studies.
Export cartel and consumer welfare
Authors: Mukherjee Arijit , Sinha Uday Bhanu
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper is to show that export cartels are not necessarily harmful for consumers in the importing countries. Using a strategic trade policy model, we show that, contrary to the harmful effect, product‐market cooperation benefits consumers by affecting the trade policies. We further show that consumers in the importing countries are affected adversely if cooperation is among the governments of the exporting countries, instead of the exporting firms.
Last Words: Are There Differences in Psychosocial and Clinical Antecedents Among Suicide Decedents Who Leave E‐Notes, Paper Notes, or No Note?
Authors: Eynan Rahel , Shah Ravi , Heisel Marnin Jori , Eden David , Jhirad Reuven , Links Paul S.
Published: October 2018

Objective

Only a minority of suicide decedents leave a suicide note. Typically, the notes are handwritten on paper; however, electronic suicide notes have been reported with increasing frequency. This emerging phenomenon remains generally under‐researched. The aim of this study was to compare the psychosocial and clinical antecedents of suicide decedents who left E‐notes with those who left paper notes or no notes.

Method

The study was embedded in the Southwestern Ontario Suicide Study (SOSS). The SOSS was a three‐year case series of consecutive deaths by suicide that occurred in the region between 2012 and 2014. Data on psychosocial and clinical antecedents were collected with a modified version of the Manchester questionnaire used in the UK.

Results

Of the 476 suicides files reviewed, 45.8% contained a suicide note. A total of 383 separate suicide notes were left: 74.3% were paper notes and 25.7% were E‐notes. The results of the multivariate regression analyses indicate that the likelihood of leaving a suicide note was negatively associated with a history of admissions to a mental health unit, while the likelihood of leaving an E‐note was negatively associated with age, positively associated with presence of a mental disorder, and negatively associated with history of hospital admissions.

Conclusions

Future studies with larger samples need to consider the timing of the text messages, and appraise whether there was the intent of seeking help or rescue in the text messages.
To Say the Least: Where Deceptively Withholding Information Ends and Lying Begins
Authors: Dynel Marta
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to distil the essence of deception performed by means of withholding information, a topic hitherto largely neglected in the psychological, linguistic, and philosophical research on deception. First, the key conditions for deceptively withholding information are specified. Second, several notions related to deceptively withholding information are critically addressed with a view to teasing out the main forms of withholding information. Third, it is argued that deceptively withholding information can be conceptualized in pragmatic‐philosophical terms as being based on the violation of Grice's first maxim of Quantity, which is conducive to covertly untruthful meaning, specifically hearer‐inferred what is said that presents the violation of the first maxim of Quality. In order to meet this goal, Gricean and neo‐Gricean scholarship on the first maxim of Quantity and its consequences is revisited. Fourth, a number of linguistic realizations of withholding information are examined. It is argued that some of the examples found in the relevant scholarship, namely those that involve scalar expressions, qualify rather as lies.
Systematic rehabilitation planning: a new decision support system for targeted morphological river restoration
Authors: Schultze Ann‐Kristin , Gellert Georg , Koenzen Uwe , Riecker Timo , Rittner Roman
Published: October 2018

Working with decision support systems (DSS) in the water management sector often requires well‐grounded knowledge and an expensive data collection. This paper presents a new approach with regard to the identification of adequate hydromorphological measures taking especially the land availability and the local restrictions of the planned stream sections into consideration. It is intended for people with no broad water management background dealing with the planning, realization or permission of measures for water bodies. The essential module is an easy kept questionnaire for the derivation of measures. It leads the user through a logical sequence of questions resulting in target‐aimed measures, visualized by pictograms. This tool is also suitable for documentation purposes.
Removal of metribuzin by sulfate radical‐based photooxidation: multi‐objective optimization by central composite design
Authors: Durna Elif , Genç Nevim
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to optimize the experimental conditions for maximum removal efficiency and minimum operating cost for removal of metribuzin pesticide from aqueous solution. Central Composite Design model was applied as Response Surface Design. In the model, independent parameters were ultraviolet irradiation time, persulfate anion dosage, TiO2 dosage, pH and response parameters were metribuzin removal (%) and operation cost. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to describe the significance level of factors on the multiple performance characteristics considered. It has been found that the most suitable model is the quadratic model to explain the both responses and the correlation coefficient (R2) of the relationship between the actual metribuzin removal and the predicted removal was calculated as 0.9518. As a result of multi‐optimization, removal efficiency of 84.59 (%) and operation cost of 4.44 (€/g) were obtained at ultraviolet irradiation time at 12.03 min, persulfate anion concentration at 4.909 g/L, TiO2 concentration at 0.197 g/L and pH at 4.
Phosphorus recovery from dairy manure wastewater by fungal biomass treatment
Authors: He Qiyang , Rajendran Aravindan , Gan Jing , Lin Hongjian , Felt Craig A. , Hu Bo
Published: October 2018

Polyphosphate accumulating fungi was cultured to remove and recover the excessive phosphorus from dairy manure wastewater (DMW). The microbial treatment removed 83.9% of phosphorus in 20‐fold diluted DMW by the fungal biomass in 12 h. At the meantime, 33.6% of chemical oxygen demand, 46.5% of total nitrogen, and 89.4% of total ammonia nitrogen were removed as well. At seventh reuse batch, the cells could still remove 50.4% of phosphorus from the diluted wastewater. The average phosphorus removal efficiency in seven reuse batches was calculated as 62.1%, the nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio in DMW increased from 3.6 : 1 to 6.3 : 1. With the treatment, DMW will be more suitable for farmland irrigation, with the better nutritional ratio to support crop growth, and it will help mitigate phosphorus pollution to water bodies caused by over‐applied phosphorus in the farmland.