bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newton's Law of Gravity Is Valid Only When Gravitational Lensing Has a Negligible Impact
Authors: yu yunrui
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on the long-standing issue of galactic rotation, i.e. the discrepancy between observed rotation rates and predictions based on Newtonian gravity. While Newton's law holds within the solar system, it fails to explain the higher-than-expected rotation speeds of galaxies, particularly at greater distances from their centers. This study finds that Newton's gravitational formula applies only when gravitational lensing has a negligible impact. We examine the gravitational force on objects farther from the galactic center, where the lensing effect of a supermassive black hole becomes significant. This lensing causes the actual gravitational force to exceed Newtonian predictions, with the discrepancy increasing with distance. This effect offers an alternative explanation for the galactic rotation curve without the need for dark matter. Our findings suggest that Newton's formula requires revision to account for gravitational lensing, a key factor in understanding galactic dynamics and its broader cosmic implications.
Evaluation of Different Commercial Sensors for the Development of Their Automatic Irrigation System
Authors: Millán Sandra , Montesinos Cristina , Campillo Carlos
Published: September 2024

Reliable soil moisture information is essential for accurate irrigation scheduling. A wide range of soil moisture sensors are currently available on the market, but their performance needs to be evaluated as most sensors are calibrated under limited laboratory conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of six commercially available moisture sensors (HydraProbe, Teros 10, Teros 11, EnviroPro, CS616 and Drill&Drop) and three tensiometers (Irrometer RSU-C-34, Teros 32 and Teros 21) and to establish calibration equations for a typical sandy soil of the Doñana National Park (Huelva, Spain). The calibration process for soil moisture sensors indicated dif-ferences between factory and corrected equations. All tested sensors improved with adjustments made to the factory calibration, except for the HydraProbe sensor which had a more accurate factory equation for a sandy soil. Among the various sensors tested, the Teros 10, Teros 11, and HydraProbe were found to be the easiest to install, typically positioned with an auger to prevent preferential pathways and ensure adequate sensor-soil contact. For tensiometers, the Teros 32 sensor requires specialized labor for its correct installation, as it must be positioned at a specific angle and maintained with distilled water. All tensiometers need a stabilization period after in-stallation.
Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer in Chronic Plantar Plate Tears: Two Cases Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Córdoba-Fernández Antonio , Mateos-Carrasco Rocío , Gámez Antonio Jesús García , Córdoba-Jiménez Victoria Eugenia
Published: September 2024

The plantar plate (PP) tear of the second metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is the most common reason for forefoot pain in clinical practice. PP is the main stabilizing structure of the joint and, together with collateral ligaments, is the key to maintaining the stability of MTPJ. Many surgical procedures have been described to repair PP tears. Currently, there is still controversy regarding which is the surgical superior option (direct versus indirect PP repair techniques). Transfer of the flexor digitorum longus tendon to the dorsum of the proximal phalanx is one of the surgical techniques described to treat PP tears associated with MTPJ instability. We present two cases that developed instability of the second MTPJ secondary to chronic PP tear with symptoms resolved after transfer of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Currently, the literature review shows that the procedure seems to be the most consistent surgical option in chronic cases of PP tears.
Collagen I Microfiber Promote Brain Capillary Network Formation in Three-Dimensional Blood-Brain Barrier-Microphysiological Systems
Authors: Nakayama-Kitamura Kimiko , Shigemoto-Mogami Yukari , Piantino Marie , Naka Yasuhiro , Yamada Asuka , Kitano Shiro , Furihata Tomomi , Matsusaki Michiya , Sato Kaoru
Published: September 2024

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) strictly regulates the penetration of substances into the brain, which, although important for maintaining brain homeostasis, may delay drug development because of the difficulties in predicting pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PKPD), toxicokinetics/toxicodynamics (TKTD), toxicity, safety, and efficacy in the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, BBB functional proteins show species differences; therefore, humanized in vitro BBB models are urgently needed to improve the predictability of preclinical studies. Recently, international trends in the 3Rs in animal experiments and the approval of the FDA Modernization Act 2.0 have accelerated the application of microphysiological systems (MPSs) in preclinical studies, and in vitro BBB models have become synonymous with BBB-MPSs. Recently, we developed an industrialized humanized BBB-MPS, BBB-NET. In our previous report, we reproduced transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated transcytosis with high efficiency and robustness with hydrogels that include fibrin and collagen I microfibers (CMFs). Herein, we investigated how adding CMFs to the fibrin gel benefits BBB-NETs, showed that CMFs accelerated capillary network formation and maturation by promoting astrocyte (AC) survival, and clarified that integrin 1 is involved in the mechanism of CMFs. Our data suggest that quality control (QC) of CMFs is important for ensuring the stable production of BBB-NETs.
Differential Expression of mRNA Splicing Isoforms Generates Transcript Length Variants in Atherosclerosis Progression
Authors: Hueso Miguel , Mallen Adrian , Navarro Estanis
Published: September 2024

We are interested in studying alterations in the regulatory circuitry that controls mRNA stability and function, and more specifically in the interactions among miRNAs and mRNAs. We have previously reported transcriptome-wide changes in mRNA expression in an animal model of atherosclerosis (ATS) progression, and reversion upon treatment with an αCD40 specific siRNA. In this work, we have used our data on mRNAs downregulated during these processes to study length dynamics as an adaptive mechanism to thwart miRNA activity. We show that ATS progression was characterized by the lengthening of the 5’UTR and 3’UTR regions of these mRNAs. Furthermore, 3’UTR lengthening (but not that of the 5’UTR) was shown to be partially reversed by the treatment with the αCD40 specific siRNA. Study of the exonic composition of the transcriptome of these mRNAs suggested a role for alternative/cryptic/latent splicing in the generation of length variants. This was confirmed by the detection, during ATS progression, of a transcript variant switching process in which specific isoforms were replaced by others that differed in their pattern of alternative splicing, mainly at their 5’ or 3’UTRs. This work highlights alternative splicing as a mechanism contributing to the generation of 5’/3’UTR length and sequence variability during ATS progression and calls attention on factors regulating alternative splicing as possible targets of therapeutical intervention.
Unveiling the Potential of Phytocannabinoids: Exploring Marijuana's Lesser-Known Constituents for Neurological Disorders
Authors: Basavarajappa Balapal S , Subbanna Shivakumar
Published: September 2024

Cannabis sativa is known for producing over 120 distinct phytocannabinoids, with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) being the most prominent, primarily in their acidic forms. Beyond Δ9-THC and CBD, a wide array of lesser-known phytocannabinoids, along with terpenes, flavonoids, and alkaloids, demonstrate diverse pharmacological activities, interacting with the endocannabinoid system (eCB) and other biological pathways. These com-pounds, characterized by phenolic structures and hydroxyl groups, possess lipophilic properties, allowing them to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively. Notably, their antioxidant, an-ti-inflammatory, and neuro-modulatory effects position them as promising agents in treating neu-rodegenerative disorders. While research has extensively examined the neuropsychiatric and neuroprotective effects of Δ9-THC, other minor phytocannabinoids remain underexplored. Given the well-established neuroprotective potential of CBD, there is growing interest in the therapeutic benefits of non-psychotropic minor phytocannabinoids (NMPs) in brain disorders. This review highlights the emerging research on these lesser-known compounds and their neuroprotective potential. It offers insights into their therapeutic applications across various major neurological conditions.
A Decentralized More-than-Human World, or, How Can Slime Molds Build Social Movements?
Authors: Weinhold Maximilian
Published: September 2024

In a time of ecological and social crises, designing new institutions is crucial for meeting future challenges. Institutions emerge from the imaginations of individuals, moving into social movements and crystallizing in legal structures. As present movements seek to develop tomorrow’s governances, they turn to decentralized structures: distributed networks with little hierarchy, characterized by a diversity of actors and dynamics. While movements and technologies may seek to utilize decentralized ideas, they lack design principles: only recently has it been possible to decentralize at the national stage. Designs may come from biology and ecological networks; fungi, plants, and slime molds in soil to the neurons, glia, and blood vessels within our own bodies. This article blends these biological analogies with present technologies like blockchain and Web3 to posit future decentralized institutions, movements and legalities that give greater consideration to the more-than-human world.
Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, and Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Pig Breeds
Authors: Suthar Teerath Kumar , Zhang Yun-Peng , Zhao Zi-Yi , Li Min , Zhang Yun-long , Jing Xu , Zhang Qi , Sun Wu-Sheng , Riaz Muhammad Azeem , Zhao Yuan , Zhang ShuMin
Published: September 2024

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host metabolism, influencing the production of small metabolites from non-digestible compounds, which can accumulate in tissues and play important role in fatty acids synthesis for improving the meat quality. We investigate the breed-specific differences in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle fatty acid profile, gut microbiota, and metabolites across the cecum, ileum, and rectum in Chinese Songliao Black pigs (SBP) and commercial Large White × Landrace crossbred pigs (LWLDP) and interactions. Significant correlations highlighting potential microbiota-metabolite interactions that contribute to muscle fatty acid composition. LWLDP pigs exhibited a higher number of significant fatty acids and maintained higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the cecum and rectum, with no differences observed in the ileum between breeds. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla across both breeds. Differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were more abundant in the cecum and ileum of LWLDP, while rectum showed higher expression in SBP. Integrative analysis identified significant correlations between fatty acids, metabolites, and microbial taxa. DHA was linked to cecal metabolites and rectal microbial families, while saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were associated with different microbes and metabolites. This study demonstrates distinct breed-specific interactions between gut microbiota, metabolites, and fatty acid composition, offering insights into potential microbial interventions to enhance pork quality through fatty acid modulation.
Optical Stereometric Analysis of Milled and Not-Milled Copings for Removable Overdentures on an Experimental Partially Edentulous Mandible
Authors: Postic Srdjan Dusan , Tihacek-Sojic Ljiljana , Dodic Slobodan , Tanasic Ivan , Milosevic Milos , Avramov Stevan , Biocanin Vladimir , Petrovic Renata , Ristic Ljubisa , Đorđević Igor , Milovanovic Aleksa , Maksimovic Milos , Dzigurski Ekatarina , Sojic Predrag
Published: September 2024

Statement of problem: The stereo-optical method can be used for assessment of strains and deformations of different fixed or removable prosthodontic constructions.
Material and methods: The study used two master casts of a lower jaw with bilateral terminal edentulous seats. Their topography was identical, with missing lower molars, the left lower second premolar, and the right canine and incisors, indicating a partially edentulous lower jaw according to Eichner's B3 (and C2) classification (i.e. Kennedy class 1). The control cast had conventional oval copings for overdenture. The experimental cast was almost the same as the control, with the exception of the surfaces simulating three specific milled copings covering the remaining tooth substance. Controlled loading was measured using a gnathodynamometer. Loading stages were at 400, 800, and 1000 N. Measurements of strain and displacement were provided by the Digital Image Correlation Method and the associated software. ‘Wilcoxon Lambda’ two sample tests based on the simple linear rank statistics were used in the analysis of differences in the displacement and deformation between the control rounded and experimental milled copings under loading
numerical values.
Results: It was found that smaller values of deformations are measured on milled copings when compared to the controls.
There were statistically significant differences in displacement between the control rounded and experimental milled copings (Pr > |Z| = 0.001) as well as in deformations (Pr > |Z| = 0.0298).
Conclusions: Experimental milled copings are less susceptible to deformation compared to the control conventional oval copings. These findings may have clinical significance in improvements of primary and secondary retention of overdentures on milled copings.
Promoting Urban Sustainability Transitions through Multi-Level Governance: The Intermediary Role of the Madrid Deep Demonstration Partnership
Authors: Moreno-Serna Jaime , Sánchez-Chaparro Teresa , Purcell Wendy M. , Kordas Olga , Lumbreras Julio , Mataix Carlos , Stott Leda , Soberon Miguel , Spengler John D.
Published: September 2024

In the fields of partnership research and social innovation, there have been an increasing number of calls for evidence regarding the kind of collaborative multi-level governance structures that might support large scale transformation processes, specially towards climate-neutral cities. This paper conceptualizes a new type of intermediary actor; the Systemic Collaborative Platform (SCP). Using the example of a multi-stakeholder arrangement set up to design and implement Madrid’s Climate Neutrality Roadmap, the key features of an SCP include a focus on multi-stakeholder and cross-sectoral collaboration for public policy development, in this case operating at both a systemic level and a city scale, and a strong link to a key actor within this regime (a city council). Our study reveals how a SCP can contribute to articulation of a shared mandate among city actors and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of a targeted transition by attracting, aligning and managing a wide and diverse organizational ecosystem through distributed facilitation, collaborative leadership and continuous learning.
Eletrospun Nanofiber Dopped with TiO2 and Carbon Quantum Dots for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics
Authors: Silva Valentina , Lima Diana L. D. , de Matos Gomes Etelvina , Almeida Bernardo , Calisto Vânia , Baptista Rosa M. F. , Pereira Goreti
Published: September 2024

Novel photocatalysts were synthesized through the association of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with commercial (P25) titanium dioxide (TiO2) by sonication. The resulting TiO2/CQDs compo-site was then incorporated into the polyamide 66 (PA66) biopolymer nanofibers using the elec-trospinning technique, considering a composite nanoparticles-to-polymer ratio of 1:2 in the elec-trospinning precursor solution. The produced nanofibers presented suitable morphology and were tested for the photocatalytic degradation under simulated solar radiation of 10 mg/L of amoxicillin (AMX) and sulfadiazine (SDZ), in phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.06) and river wa-ter, using 1.5 g/L of photocatalyst. The presence of the photocatalyst increased the removal of AMX in phosphate buffer solution by 30 times, reducing the AMX degradation half-life time from 62 ± 1 h (without catalyst) to 1.98 ± 0.06 h. Moreover, SDZ degradation half-life time in phosphate buffer solution was reduced from 5.4 ± 0.1 h (without catalyst) to 1.87 ± 0.05 h in the presence of the photocatalyst. Furthermore, the PA66/TiO2/CQDs were also efficient in river wa-ter samples, and maintained their performance in at least three cycles of SDZ photodegradation in river water. The presented results evidence that the produced photocatalyst can be a promis-ing and sustainable solution for antibiotics’ efficient removal from water.
A Phosphatidyl Conjugated Telomerase-Dependent Telomere-Targeting Nucleoside Demonstrates Colorectal Cancer Direct Killing and Immune Signaling
Authors: Yilmaz Merve , Goksen Sibel , Mender Ilgen , Esendagli Gunes , Erdener Sefik E. , Ahmed Alessandra , Tenekeci Ates K. , Birichevskaya Larisa L. , Gryaznov Sergei M. , Shay Jerry W. , Dikmen Z.Gunnur
Published: September 2024

Telomerase and telomeres are crucial in cancer cell immortalization, making them key targets for anticancer therapies. Currently, 6-thio-dG combined with the anti-PD1 inhibitor Cemiplimab is under Phase 2 clinical investigation (NCT05208944) in NSCLC patients resistant to prior immunotherapies. This study presents the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel bimodular conjugate molecules combining telomere-targeting nucleoside analogs and phosphatidyl diglyceride groups. Among them, dihexanoyl-phosphatidyl-THIO (diC6-THIO) showed high anticancer activity with sub-µM EC50 values in vitro across various cancer cell lines. In mouse colorectal cancer models, diC6-THIO demonstrated strong anticancer effects alone and in combination with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Administration of this compound resulted in the efficient formation of Telomere dysfunction Induced Foci (TIFs) in vitro, indicating an on-target, telomerase-mediated telomere-modifying mechanism of action for the molecule. Systemic treatment also activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells while reducing regulatory T cells, indicating immune system enhancement. These findings highlight diC6-THIO as a promising telomere-targeting prodrug with dual effects on telomere modification and immune activation.
Safety Assessment of a Sublingual Vaccine Formulated with Poly(I:C) Adjuvant and Influenza HA Antigen in Mice and Macaque Monkeys: Comparison with Intranasal Vaccine
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuro , Mitsunaga Fusako , Wasaki Kunihiko , Kotani Atsushi , Tajima Kazuki , Nakamura Shin
Published: September 2024

A sublingual vaccine comprising Poly(I:C) adjuvant and influenza HA antigen was evaluated for safety in both mice and macaque monkeys relative to its intranasal counterpart. Safety was assessed with harmful effects corresponding to upregulation of the inflammation-associated genes: Saa3, Tnf, IL6, IL1b, Ccl2, Timp1, C2, Ifi4, Aif1, Omp, Nos2, and/or Gzmb in mice and SAA2, TNF, IL6, IL1B, CCL2, TIMP, C2, AIF1, and GZMB in macaques. Quantitative gene expression analyses were performed using RT-qPCR with RNA samples from four tissues: olfactory bulb, pons, lung, tongue, and (submandibular) lymph node from both mice and macaques. In mice, the intranasally delivered vaccine markedly upregulated the inflammation-related genes in the olfactory bulb 1 day and 7 days after vaccination. The adverse effects of intranasal vaccination were also observed in macaques, however to a lesser extent than in mice. The intranasal vaccination also upregulated these genes in the pons of both mice and macaques. In contrast, the sublingual vaccine did not adversely affect the olfactory bulb or pons in either mice or macaques. The intranasally administered vaccine significantly upregulated these genes in the lungs only 1 day after vaccination, but not 7 days later, in both mice and macaques. We conclude that intranasal vaccination results in unfavorable side effects corresponding to upregulated inflammatory genes in the brain (olfactory bulb and pons). Sublingual vaccination, however, did not induce these side effects in either mice or macaque and was hence evaluated as safe.
Situational Awareness Classification Based on EEG Signals and Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Hadad Yakir , Bensimon Moshe , Ben-Shimol Yehuda , Greenberg Shlomo
Published: September 2024

Situational awareness detection and characterization of mental states have a vital role in medicine and many other fields. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most effective tools for identifying and analyzing cognitive stress. Yet, the measurement, interpretation, and classification of EEG sensors is a challenging task. This study introduces a novel machine learning-based approach to assist in evaluating situational awareness detection using EEG signals and spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on a unique spike-continuous-time-neuron (SCTN). The implemented biologically inspired SNN architecture is used for effective EEG feature extraction by applying time-frequency analysis techniques and allows adept detection and analysis of the various frequency components embedded in the different EEG sub-bands. The EEG signal undergoes encoding into spikes and is then fed into an SNN model which is well-suited to the serial sequence order of the EEG data. We utilize the SCTN-based resonator for EEG feature extraction in the frequency domain which demonstrates a high correlation with the classical FFT features. A new SCTN-based 2-D neural network is introduced for efficient EEG feature mapping aiming to achieve a spatial representation of each EEG sub-band. To validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed approach a common publicly available EEG dataset is used. Experimental results show that by using the extracted EEG frequencies features and the SCTN-based SNN classifier the mental state can be accurately classified with an average accuracy of 96.8% for the common EEG dataset. Our proposed method outperforms existing machine learning-based methods and demonstrates the advantages of using SNN for situational awareness detection and mental state classifications.
Effect of Different Marinades and Types of Grills on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Grilled Chicken Breast Tenderloins
Authors: Ciecierska Marta , Komorowska Urszula
Published: September 2024

Grilling has become a widespread method of thermal food processing. However, food prepared this way may be a source of carcinogenic organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of different marinades and grilling tools on PAH contamination of chicken breast tenderloins. Together with the determination of PAHs carried out using the QuEChERS–HPLC–FLD/DAD method, the amount of meat weight loss after the thermal process and the color of raw and grilled samples were analyzed. Statistically, the highest levels of PAH contamination were stated in samples prepared on a charcoal grill without a tray, whereas the lowest using the ceramic contact grill. Meat marination showed that universal and chicken marinades can be barriers against PAHs. Following requirements set in Commission Regulation (EU) No. 915/2023, none of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum allowable level for B[a]P (5.0 µg/kg), and the sum of 4 marker–heavy PAHs (30.0 µg/kg). Thus, preparing meat before the thermal process, including marinades rich in phenolic compounds, and selecting a grilling method with appropriate grilling tools can ensure food safety and effectively reduce PAH contamination in grilled poultry meat.
Difference of Soil Thickness Depending on Climate Zones and Geological Classification: Based on a Survey of Mountain Slopes in Japan
Authors: Akita Hiromi
Published: September 2024

There is little information which examines and compares climate zones or geology/topography in their relation to soil thickness along mountain slopes, where soil thickness is a possible contributing factor for the increase of sediment wash-off. In this study, the data obtained from handy penetration tests conducted throughout Japan are collected and attached to information on climate zones and geography/topography with the aim of clarifying the difference in soil thickness according to the climate zone and geological classification. The probability distribution of soil thickness was found to fit roughly with the probability density function of a log-normal distribution, regardless of the climate zone or geological age / lithology. A comparison of μ showed that the soil thickness at target sites in the Pacific climate zone, which have high rainfall, was large, at approximately 2.1 m. Meanwhile, the soil thickness was low, at approximately 1.5 m, at target sites in the Setouchi climate zone, which has low rainfall. A comparison of the geology showed that soil thicknesses of sites where the geology consisted of Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks were high, at approximately 2.1 m and 2.3 m, respectively. This suggests that, in high-precipitation regions, the weathering of rocks is promoted so that the soil layers tend to increase in thickness.
Progress and Challenges Toward Coherence Among Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation, and Sustainable Development
Authors: Yamazaki-Honda Ritsuko
Published: September 2024

In 2023, which marked the midpoint of the post-2015 global agendas, the findings of midterm review process of the Sendai Framework (MTR SF) were presented. Various data demonstrate that hydro-meteorological disasters, presumably exacerbated by climate change, are increasing in frequency and intensity and causing widespread adverse impacts and associated losses, which calls for coherence among disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation, and sustainable development. This article provides findings and recommendations through an analysis of publicly available data and reports, including monitoring for the Sendai Framework and Sustainable Development Goals as well as the MTR SF. The main findings in the MTR SF are that countries focus primarily on short- to mid-term adjustments rather than on long-term structural transformation and that policies and measures to reduce exposure are less well described. Recommendations include (i) the development of a national disaster loss database to collect data on both large- and small-scale and slow-onset disasters; (ii) the implementation of “custom indicators” to supplement the Sendai Framework Monitoring (SFM) by utilizing available loss data collection and exceptional governance measures in the case of high-impact disasters; (iii) the employment of common metrics with the SFM at the national level for climate change statistics and indicators to promote integrated data collection and coherence; (iv) the introduction of new indicators to measure and verify implementation; and (v) formulation and elaboration of a long-term comprehensive national strategy that goes beyond national DRR strategies to integrate DRR-related sectoral policies in support of relevant stakeholders, underpinned by secured resources and adaptive governance with monitoring and evaluation to enable a transformation toward more resilient and sustainable future.
Development of Student Worksheet Integrated by Differentiated-PjBL Model to Train Student Science Process Skills on Renewable Energy Material
Authors: Ellianawati Ellianawati , Wahyu Wiji Lestari Dina Ardilla , Subali Bambang , Linuwih Suharto , Syed Aris Sharipah Ruzaina Aris
Published: September 2024

This study is a research and development (R&D) to produce student worksheets that integrate the project-based learning model and a differentiated approach to train students' science process skills on renewable energy material. The development model used in this study is the ADDIE development model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This study aims to determine the feasibility and practicality of student worksheet products. Five expert validators conducted the product feasibility test, resulting in a score of 0.88 with valid criteria. Teachers and students carried out the product practicality test as users of student worksheets. The teacher's practicality test obtained an average score of 92.08% with very practical criteria, while the student's assessment obtained an average score of 86.95% with very practical criteria. Based on the feasibility and practical test results, the student worksheet products are feasible and practical for use in learning to train students' science process skills.
Feasibility of Digital Flipbooks as Physics Teaching Media in Terms of Reproduction
Authors: Afikah Adilah , Jumadi Jumadi , Rohaeti Eli
Published: September 2024

Various media that utilize technology in implementing teaching materials make the teaching-learning process more innovative and increase students' curiosity. This study aims to develop a digital flipbook for studying physics in reproduction and to validate the developed flipbook. This study applied the research and development (R&D) design using the 4-D model which consists of define, design, develop, and disseminates. This study is only up to the validation stage and revision of the validation results. The validation subjects in this study are 16 people. The result shows that the developed media is valid, totalling 97.51%. It is expected that the digital flipbook of physics in reproduction can be further developed in further research, namely in the implementation stage, to test how effective it is in the science learning process.
Kajian Etnomatematika pada Situs Purbakala Cipari
Authors: Riadi Taufik , Umbara Uba
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan atas dasar kurangnya penelitian yang membahas hubungan antara matematika dan budaya. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur etnomatematika yang terdapat di Situs Purbakala Cipari sehingga bisa dijadikan sebagai salah satu sebagai bahan ajar dalam proses kegiatan belajar matematika untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, sehingga selain mendapatkan pembelajaran matematika juga mendapatkan wawasan mengenai budaya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan sampel yang terdiri dari 3 orang yang terkait dengan Situs Purbakala Cipari dan untuk objek penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah objek-objek yang ada pada Situs Purbakala Cipari seperti batu menhir, peti kubur batu, batu dolmen dan peninggalan-peninggalan lainnya yang ada pada Situs Purbakala Cipari. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah panduan wawancara, panduan observasi dan studi pustaka. Analisis data dilakukan dengan model Miles dan Huberman meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada Situs Purbakala Cipari terdapat aktivitas fundamental matematis menurut Bishop terkecuali pada aspek bermain (playing) dan menghitung (counting). Aspek-aspek ersebut diantaranya yaitu  1) locating meliputi penentuan arah mata angin pada peti kubur batu dan penempatan batu menhir; 2) measuring meliputi pola-pola tertentu dan luas ukuran pada artefak peninggalan di situs Purbakala Cipari; 3) designing meliputi pembentukan kapak batu dan motif-motif yang ada pada artefak peninggalan; 4) explaining meliputi arti-arti dan maksud tertentu yang ada pada artefak peninggalan yang ada di Situs Purbakala Cipari.
Efektivitas penghambatan enzim xanthin oksidase fraksi etanol, etil asetat dan n-heksane dari ekstrak etanol daun bakau kurap (Rhizophora Stylosa Griff.)
Authors: Raharjo Danang , Lisyani Tiara Ajeng , Wulandari Nia Isa
Published: September 2024

Xanthin oksidase memiliki peranan penting dalam proses pembentukan asam urat dengan mengkatalisis berturut-turut hypoxanthine menjadi xanthine kemudian asam urat. Salah satu tumbuhan yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai antihiperurisemia adalah daun bakau kurap karena memiliki senyawa flavonoid, flavonol, flavon, isoplavon, flavonon, polifenol, alkaloid, tanin, glikosia dan tripenoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan enzim xanthin oksidase dari ekstrak, fraksi dan isolat daun bakau kurap. Ekstrak dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pada isolasi enzim dilakukan menggunakan susu sapi segar dengan hasil aktivitas enzim didapatkan sebesar 0,0013 U/mL dari fraksi residu dan 0,002 U/mL dari hasil fraksi supernatan. Hasil dari penelitian ini senyawa yang terkandung didalam ektrak etanol daun bakau kurap yaitu senyawa metabolit sekunder senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, dan tanin, dan senyawa aktif yang bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas penghambatan enzim xanthin oksidase adalah kuersetin hasil dari isolat C, pada uji aktivitas penghambatan ekstrak etanol, fraksi dan isolat daun bakau kurap yang dilihat dari IC50 sebesar 30,905 pada ekstrak etanol, fraksi polar etanol sebesar 39,722, fraksi semi polar etil asetat sebesar 16,361, fraksi non polar n-Heksan sebesar 61,734 dan isolat c sebesar 15,023. Berdasarkan dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa aktif yang terkandung di dalam daun bakau kurap yaitu kuersetin yang dibuktikan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 15,023.
 
Kata kunci: Hiperurisemia, Isolasi Enzim ,Rhizophora  Stylosa, Xanthin Oksidase
Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol buah matoa (Pometia pinnata) dengan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1,1-pikrilhidrazil)
Authors: Sulistiani Sulistiani , Leswana Nurillahi Febria , Linden Susana
Published: September 2024

Tanaman matoa dimanfaatkan oleh Bangsa Asia (Indonesia dan Malaysia) sebagai salah satu obat tradisional yang diketahui mengandung senyawa kimia berupa flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol buah matoa (Pometia pinnata). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol buah matoa (Pometia pinnata) dengan metode DPPH. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2023. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak buah matoa dianalisis menggunakan alat spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai IC50 ekstrak buah matoa sebesar 181,551 ppm sedangkan larutan pembanding vitamin C sebesar 5,807 ppm. Nilai IC50 tersebut dapat ditentukan bahwa ekstrak etanol buah matoa merupakan antioksidan yang bersifat lemah.
 
Kata Kunci: Buah matoa, DPPH, antioksidan, Pometia pinnata
Pengaruh konsentrasi pelarut etanol terhadap kadar flavonoid total ekstrak krokot magenta (Portulaca grandiflora) dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis
Authors: Kinasih Yosefin Dian Eka , Indriasari Christina
Published: September 2024

Tanaman Krokot merupakan salah satu tanaman di Indonesia yang berkhasiat sebagai tanaman obat. Jenis krokot yang sering ditemui di masyarakat salah satunya adalah Portulaca grandiflora atau krokot varietas bunga magenta. Efek farmakologis dari krokot yaitu sebagai antibakteri, antiiflamasi, antioksidan, immunomodulator dan analgetik. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak krokot magenta yang diekstraksi menggunakan konsentrasi pelarut etanol yang berbeda (50%, 70% dan 96%). Penetapan kadar flavonoid dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi. Pengukuran absorbansi dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimal 424,6 nm. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian kadar flavonoid ekstrak krokot magenta didapatkan kadar flavonoid ekstrak krokot dengan pelarut etanol 96% yaitu sebesar 2,0872% b/b, ekstrak etanol 50% sebesar 1,1189% b/b dan ekstrak etanol 70% sebesar 1,3553% b/b. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Anova menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan.
 
Kata Kunci: Kadar flavonoid, konsentrasi etanol, krokot magenta
Analisis penggunaan obat resep dokter pasien Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) di RSUD Andi Djemma Masamba
Authors: Yuli Nurvianthi Riska , Djafar Tanwir , Jehanam Tonsisius , Delta Delta , Safitri Alma
Published: September 2024

Gangguan Cemas Menyeluruh adalah salah satu jenis gangguan mental dengan prevalensi sebanyak 12,8% di Sulawesi Selatan. Pemberian obat anticemas harus secara cermat (pemilihan jenis obat dan pengaturan regimen dosis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan menggambarkan pola penggunaan obat anticemas pada kasus gangguan cemas menyeluruh dikaitkan dengan data klinik pasien di Poli Jiwa RSUD Andi Djemma Masamba Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara observasional retrospektif pada periode 4 April hingga 27 Juni 2023 di Poli Jiwa Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Andi Djemma Masamba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 40 pasien mayoritas terdiri dari perempuan (70%) dengan rentang usia terbanyak yaitu 35 - 44 tahun (35%). Pasien paling banyak bertempat tinggal di Masamba (15%). Terapi yang diterima pasien GAD adalah obat anticemas golongan benzodiazepin meliputi alprazolam (43%), lorazepam (26%), klobazam (21%), dan diazepam (10%). Kesimpulannya, pemilihan obat dan pemberian dosis telah sesuai dengan pustaka dan dari segi kesesuaian dosis, tidak ditemukan problema obat yang berpotensi terjadi adalah efek samping seperti rasa mengantuk, depresi, sakit kepala, ataksia, insomnia, halusinasi dan mual. Sehingga diharapkan selanjutnya melibatkan sampel yang lebih besar serta menggunakan metode penelitian yang lebih spesifik.
 
Kata kunci: :  anticemas, cemas, obat, problema obat
Gambaran perilaku vulva hygiene dan swamedikasi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswi UNIDA Gontor dalam mengatasi keputihan
Authors: Marfu'ah Nurul , Khodijah Alisya , Fatihah Nadia Iha
Published: September 2024

Keputihan adalah salah satu permasalah yang sering dialami wanita. Gangguan ini dapat disebabkan karena perilaku vulva hygiene yang kurang tepat seperti menggunakan celana dalam yang tidak menyerap keringat, jarang mengganti pembalut, dan cara membersihkan daerah kewanitaan yang kurang tepat. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, gambaran perilaku vulva hygiene, dan swamedikasi penyakit keputihan pada mahasiswi UNIDA Gontor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental yang dilakukan dengan metode observasional menggunakan kuisioner dan wawancara. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode purposif sampling sehingga diperoleh 95 orang mahasiswi sebagai responden (yang mengalami keputihan normal maupun tidak normal). Data yang didapatkan kemudian diberi skor menggukan 4 skala linkert dan selanjutnya dipersenkan. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi keputihan pada mahasiswi tahun 2021 dari jumlah mahasiswi sebanyak 1.652 orang, terdapat mahasiswi yang jarang mengalami keputihan sebanyak 82% (1.348 orang), sering mengalami keputihan sebanyak 15% (257 orang), dan tidak pernah mengalami keputihan sebanyak 3% (47 orang). Perilaku vulva hygiene pada mahasiswi dari 95 responden didapatkan hasil perilaku dalam menjaga kebersihan organ kewanitaan kategori sangat baik sebanyak 65,26% dan kategori baik sebanyak 34.74%. Swamedikasi yang dilakukan mahasiwi dari 95 responden didapatkan hasil mahasiswi yang dapat melakukan swamedikasi dalam mengatasi keputihan kategori sangat baik sebanyak 80% dan kategori baik sebanyak 20%.
 
Kata Kunci: keputihan, vulva higiene, swamedikasi
Reviving Islamic Civilization in the Late Period of Abbasid: A Historical Analysis of the Madrasa al-Mustanṣiriyya
Authors: Agustono Ihwan , Armayanto Harda , Zain Naura Safira Salsabila
Published: September 2024

The spirit of education was renewed in the age of the Prophet Muhammad saw. through a talaqqī method in the Majlis that used to be conducted in the mosque. This system then improved over time, particularly during the Abbasid era, when many educational institutes were built to preserve Islamic civilization. The Madrasa al-Mustanṣiriyya, constructed in 1234 AD during the reign of al-Mustanṣir Billah, is one of the most renowned institutions. This madrasah is well-known for its complete system. This study aims to demonstrate the educational system's role in promoting civilization through the Madrasa al-Mustanṣiriyya, which will be discussed first on the social dimension in the era of al-Mustanṣir Billah in order to comprehend the establishment of Madrasa Mustanṣiriyya, its educational system, and its collapse. Thus, the qualitative method will be employed in this work, along with a historical study approach gleaned from books, journals, and related publications. This research discovered that the purpose of Madrasa al-Mustanṣiriyya, which was established during the declining age of the Abbasid, was to restore the majesty of this dynasty. Despite the chaos, the Caliph successfully developed the spirit of science and education through the Madrasa al-Mustanṣiriyya. Furthermore, it provides facilities for academic support through the waqf system. Unfortunately, the Mongol invasion of Baghdad succeeded in destroying it.
HAMKA's Thoughts on the Integration of Islamic Values and Indonesian Nationalism
Authors: Erwin Erwin , Ermagusti Ermagusti , Putra Rido , Tri Hadi Rahmad
Published: September 2024

The article focuses on the integration of Islamic values and Indonesian nationalism as interpreted by Hamka. In contemporary Indonesian society, there is a recurring tension between religious values and national identity, often resulting in societal discord and fragmented national unity. The purpose of this study is to analyze and elucidate Hamka’s perspectives on the harmonization of Islamic teachings and Indonesian nationalism. By examining Hamka’s works and thoughts, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Islamic values can coexist and support the principles of Indonesian nationalism. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method with an integration and interconnection approach. The primary data used in this research are Hamka's works. At the same time, the secondary data in this research are books, journal articles, and other websites that discuss Hamka's thoughts. The results showed that in applying and integrating Islamic values in the frame of nationality and Indonesianness, Hamka divided it into three main thoughts. First, Islam and the vision of humanity. The vision of Islam is a religion for all mankind and humanity and religion for the next generation, so that religious da'wah is sustainable, renewed, and emphasized to oneself the family, and society; Second, nationality and freedom. The spirit of nationality arises from true faith and does not break away from the roots of "tawhid"; Third, Indonesianness and welfare.
Modified Low-Field NMR Method for Improved Pore Space Analysis in Tight Fe-Bearing Siliciclastic and Extrusive Rocks
Authors: Fajt Michał , Fheed Adam , Machowski Grzegorz , Sowiżdżał Anna , Krzyżak Artur T.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the filtration and storage properties of tight reservoirs is crucial for efficient resource exploitation, particularly in unconventional formations. This study presents two low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) techniques: standard cut-off and modified differential approaches combined with mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies to evaluate porosity and pore size distribution (PSD) in such formations. The differential technique involves subtracting the dry sample signal from a 100% water-saturated one, allowing the chemically bound water compound to be eliminated and facilitating PSD analysis. Through the application of the percolation theory, we established a power–law relationship between LF-NMR transverse relaxation time (T2) and MICP pore-throat diameter, enabling the derivation of PSD and pseudo capillary pressure curves. Our methodology was validated on a sample set representing tight sandstones, conglomerates, and extrusive rocks with high clay and iron mineral content, demonstrating the superior accuracy of the modified differential method in estimating effective porosity and absolute PSD in comparison with the standard approach. While the use of the percolation theory in PSD conversion was successful for rocks with unimodal distributions, it often failed for rocks with larger voids. The study also revealed that the relationship between the LF-NMR transverse relaxation times and MICP pore sizes is both nonlinear and challenging to describe with a universal equation, especially in the presence of para- and ferro-magnetic elements in the rock matrix. Despite obstacles to the complete elimination of the influence of these minerals on the T2 distribution, employing the modified differential LF-NMR method significantly mitigated this effect and offered a precise and noninvasive way of characterizing the petrophysical properties of tight reservoir rocks. Consequently, our studies offer a significant step toward a more precise assessment of pore structures in unconventional reservoirs that could be translated into more efficient strategies for locating geothermal heat and hydrocarbon resources.
External Quality Assessment Scheme for Transfusion Transmissible Infections among Blood Service Facilities in the Philippines, 2015
Authors: Yu Rhoda , Chamen Iza Mae , Punzalan Kenneth Aristotle , De Vera III Benjamin
Published: September 2024

The External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) for Blood Screening Serology aims to raise standards and assess the phases of laboratory testing of blood units. 
In 2015, the National Blood Program listed a total of 200 Blood Service Facilities (BSF)147 of which enrolled for EQAS. These participants were given an EQAS panel designed to check the capacity of a BSF to detect the 5 transfusion transmitted infections (HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria). Panels should be tested how a blood unit is routinely screened to mimic the actual laboratory process. This allows the NRL and participant to check and validate the entire blood unit screening process. 
Test results were analyzed by OASYS Canada using the ISO 13528:2005 Robust Statistics method (Huber’s Method) to identify outliers. Data analysis from the test event showed a significant number of participants that reported aberrant results due to errors related to random or systematic errors. This also showed deviations from standard practice recommended by the Department of Health as well as a comparison of different test platforms for blood screening.
Ultimately, the data gathered from the EQAS are used to improve on policies for blood screening and set recommendations for the safety of the Philippine blood supply.