bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Southeast Asian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Localisation Strategies
Authors: Yusof Radduan , Mohd Yusof Mohd Idham , Ab Rahman Farah Adilla , Dwi Harsono
Published: April 2022

There is a scarcity of research on the localisation strategies for the Southeast Asian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The ROSES review approach recommends 17 papers from the SCOPUS Journal for a Systematic Literature Review on discovering Southeast Asian SDG localisation strategies. Green initiatives and policy measures, stakeholder collaborations, and participatory procedures were revealed to be three primary themes in Southeast Asia’s SDG localisation efforts after further thematic analysis of the articles. Due to a paucity of country reporting, the findings cannot be generalised. However, it is still significant, and additional research into SDG localisation is needed.
Keywords: SDGs ; Localisation : ASEAN
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3260
The Effectiveness of Assistive Technologies for Older Adults and the Influence of Frailty: Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fotteler Marina Liselotte , Mühlbauer Viktoria , Brefka Simone , Mayer Sarah , Kohn Brigitte , Holl Felix , Swoboda Walter , Gaugisch Petra , Risch Beate , Denkinger Michael , Dallmeier Dhayana
Published: April 2022

Background

The use of assistive technologies (ATs) to support older people has been fueled by the demographic change and technological progress in many countries. These devices are designed to assist seniors, enable independent living at home or in residential facilities, and improve quality of life by addressing age-related difficulties.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ATs on relevant outcomes with a focus on frail older adults.

Methods

A systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials evaluating ATs was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, SocIndex, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and IEEEXplore databases were searched from January 1, 2009, to March 15, 2019. ATs were included when aiming to support the domains autonomy, communication, or safety of older people with a mean age ≥65 years. Trials performed within a laboratory setting were excluded. Studies were retrospectively categorized according to the physical frailty status of participants.

Results

A total of 19 trials with a high level of heterogeneity were included in the analysis. Six device categories were identified: mobility, personal disease management, medication, mental support, hearing, and vision. Eight trials showed significant effectiveness in all or some of the primary outcome measures. Personal disease management devices seem to be the most effective, with four out of five studies showing significant improvement of disease-related outcomes. Frailty could only be assessed for seven trials. Studies including participants with significant or severe impairment showed no effectiveness.

Conclusions

Different ATs show some promising results in well-functioning but not in frail older adults, suggesting that the evaluated ATs might not (yet) be suitable for this subgroup. The uncertainty of the effectiveness of ATs and the lack of high-quality research for many promising supportive devices were confirmed in this systematic review. Large studies, also including frail older adults, and clear standards are needed in the future to guide professionals, older users, and their relatives.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42019130249; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=130249
The Prevalence and Impact of Fake News on COVID-19 Vaccination in Taiwan: Retrospective Study of Digital Media
Authors: Chen Yen-Pin , Chen Yi-Ying , Yang Kai-Chou , Lai Feipei , Huang Chien-Hua , Chen Yun-Nung , Tu Yi-Chin
Published: April 2022

Background

Vaccination is an important intervention to prevent the incidence and spread of serious diseases. Many factors including information obtained from the internet influence individuals’ decisions to vaccinate. Misinformation is a critical issue and can be hard to detect, although it can change people's minds, opinions, and decisions. The impact of misinformation on public health and vaccination hesitancy is well documented, but little research has been conducted on the relationship between the size of the population reached by misinformation and the vaccination decisions made by that population. A number of fact-checking services are available on the web, including the Islander news analysis system, a free web service that provides individuals with real-time judgment on web news. In this study, we used such services to estimate the amount of fake news available and used Google Trends levels to model the spread of fake news. We quantified this relationship using official public data on COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to quantify the impact of the magnitude of the propagation of fake news on vaccination decisions.

Methods

We collected public data about COVID-19 infections and vaccination from Taiwan's official website and estimated the popularity of searches using Google Trends. We indirectly collected news from 26 digital media sources, using the news database of the Islander system. This system crawls the internet in real time, analyzes the news, and stores it. The incitement and suspicion scores of the Islander system were used to objectively judge news, and a fake news percentage variable was produced. We used multivariable linear regression, chi-square tests, and the Johnson-Neyman procedure to analyze this relationship, using weekly data.

Results

A total of 791,183 news items were obtained over 43 weeks in 2021. There was a significant increase in the proportion of fake news in 11 of the 26 media sources during the public vaccination stage. The regression model revealed a positive adjusted coefficient (β=0.98, P=.002) of vaccine availability on the following week's vaccination doses, and a negative adjusted coefficient (β=–3.21, P=.04) of the interaction term on the fake news percentage with the Google Trends level. The Johnson-Neiman plot of the adjusted effect for the interaction term showed that the Google Trends level had a significant negative adjustment effect on vaccination doses for the following week when the proportion of fake news exceeded 39.3%.

Conclusions

There was a significant relationship between the amount of fake news to which the population was exposed and the number of vaccination doses administered. Reducing the amount of fake news and increasing public immunity to misinformation will be critical to maintain public health in the internet age.
The Mental Health Impact of Daily News Exposure During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Kellerman John K , Hamilton Jessica L , Selby Edward A , Kleiman Evan M
Published: April 2022

Background

Consumption of distressing news media, which substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, has demonstrable negative effects on mental health.

Objective

This study examines the proximal impact of daily exposure to news about COVID-19 on mental health in the first year of the pandemic.

Methods

A sample of 546 college students completed daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) for 8 weeks, measuring exposure to news about COVID-19, worry and optimism specifically related to COVID-19, hopelessness, and general worry.

Results

Participants completed >80,000 surveys. Multilevel mediation models indicated that greater daily exposure to news about COVID-19 is associated with higher same-day and next-day worry about the pandemic. Elevations in worry specifically about COVID-19 were in turn associated with greater next-day hopelessness and general worry. Optimism about COVID-19 mediated the relationship between daily exposure to COVID-19 news and next-day general worry but was not related to hopelessness.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the mental health impact of daily exposure to COVID-19 news and highlights how worry about the pandemic contributes over time to hopelessness and general worry.
The Moderating Effects of Disability on Mobile Internet Use Among Older Adults: Population-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yang Eunjin , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: April 2022

Background

The preferred devices to access the internet are changing from personal computers to mobile devices, and the number of older adults with or without disabilities is rapidly increasing in an aging society. However, little is known about the moderating effects of disability on mobile internet use among older adults.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the levels of mobile internet use and factors associated with this use among older adults according to their disabilities. In addition, moderating effects of disability on mobile internet use were investigated.

Methods

This study consisted of a secondary data analysis using the 2020 Digital Divide Survey conducted in South Korea. The single inclusion criterion was participants being aged 55 years or older; accordingly, 2243 people without disabilities and 1386 people with disabilities were included in the study. Multiple regression analyses considering complex sample designs were conducted to identify mobile internet use factors and to test the moderating effects of disability on mobile internet use.

Results

Older adults with disabilities used mobile internet less than older adults without disabilities. However, disability status had moderating effects on the relationships between mobile internet use and (1) operational skills regarding mobile devices (B=0.31, P=.004), (2) internet use skills (B=1.46, P<.001), (3) motivation to use digital devices (B=0.46, P=.01), and (4) attitude toward new technology (B=0.50, P=.002). The results revealed that these positive relationships were stronger among older adults with disabilities than among adults without disabilities.

Conclusions

Although older adults and people with disabilities are considered vulnerable populations regarding technology adoption, disability creates a stronger association between several determinants and actual mobile internet use. Therefore, policy makers and practitioners should pay attention to older adults with disabilities to deliver appropriate information-literacy education. Older adults with disabilities could be the primary beneficiaries of mobile services and new technology.
Emerging Trends and Research Foci in Artificial Intelligence for Retinal Diseases: Bibliometric and Visualization Study
Authors: Zhao Junqiang , Lu Yi , Qian Yong , Luo Yuxin , Yang Weihua
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with retinal diseases may exhibit serious complications that cause severe visual impairment owing to a lack of awareness of retinal diseases and limited medical resources. Understanding how artificial intelligence (AI) is used to make predictions and perform relevant analyses is a very active area of research on retinal diseases. In this study, the relevant Science Citation Index (SCI) literature on the AI of retinal diseases published from 2012 to 2021 was integrated and analyzed.

Objective

The aim of this study was to gain insights into the overall application of AI technology to the research of retinal diseases from set time and space dimensions.

Methods

Citation data downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database for AI in retinal disease publications from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, were considered for this analysis. Information retrieval was analyzed using the online analysis platforms of literature metrology: Bibliometrc, CiteSpace V, and VOSviewer.

Results

A total of 197 institutions from 86 countries contributed to relevant publications; China had the largest number and researchers from University College London had the highest H-index. The reference clusters of SCI papers were clustered into 12 categories. “Deep learning” was the cluster with the widest range of cocited references. The burst keywords represented the research frontiers in 2018-2021, which were “eye disease” and “enhancement.”

Conclusions

This study provides a systematic analysis method on the literature regarding AI in retinal diseases. Bibliometric analysis enabled obtaining results that were objective and comprehensive. In the future, high-quality retinal image–forming AI technology with strong stability and clinical applicability will continue to be encouraged.
The Efficacy of Health Information Technology in Supporting Health Equity for Black and Hispanic Patients With Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Senteio Charles , Murdock Paul Joseph
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Racial inequity persists for chronic disease outcomes amid the proliferation of health information technology (HIT) designed to support patients in following recommended chronic disease self-management behaviors (ie, medication behavior, physical activity, and dietary behavior and attending follow-up appointments). Numerous interventions that use consumer-oriented HIT to support self-management have been evaluated, and some of the related literature has focused on racial minorities who experience disparate chronic disease outcomes. However, little is known about the efficacy of these interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature that describes the efficacy of consumer-oriented HIT interventions designed to support self-management involving African American and Hispanic patients with chronic diseases.

METHODS

We followed an a priori protocol using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)-Equity 2012 Extension guidelines for systematic reviews that focus on health equity. Themes of interest included the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We identified 7 electronic databases, created search strings, and conducted the searches. We initially screened results based on titles and abstracts and then performed full-text screening. We then resolved conflicts and extracted relevant data from the included articles.

RESULTS

In total, there were 27 included articles. The mean sample size was 640 (SD 209.5), and 52% (14/27) of the articles focused on African American participants, 15% (4/27) of the articles focused on Hispanic participants, and 33% (9/27) included both. Most articles addressed 3 of the 4 self-management behaviors: medication (17/27, 63%), physical activity (17/27, 63%), and diet (16/27, 59%). Only 15% (4/27) of the studies focused on follow-up appointment attendance. All the articles investigated HIT for use at home, whereas 7% (2/27) included use in the hospital.

CONCLUSIONS

This study addresses a key gap in research that has not sufficiently examined what technology designs and capabilities may be effective for underserved populations in promoting health behavior in concordance with recommendations.
Identifying Player Types to Tailor Game-Based Learning Design to Learners: Cross-sectional Survey using Q Methodology (Preprint)
Authors: Van Gaalen A E J , Schönrock-Adema J , Renken R J , Jaarsma A D C , Georgiadis J R
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Game-based learning appears to be a promising instructional method because of its engaging properties and positive effects on motivation and learning. There are numerous options to design game-based learning; however, there is little data-informed knowledge to guide the choice of the most effective game-based learning design for a given educational context. The effectiveness of game-based learning appears to be dependent on the degree to which players like the game. Hence, individual differences in game preferences should be taken into account when selecting a specific game-based learning design.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to identify patterns in students’ perceptions of play and games—player types and their most important characteristics.

METHODS

We used Q methodology to identify patterns in opinions on game preferences. We recruited undergraduate medical and dental students to participate in our study and asked participants to sort and rank 49 statements on game preferences. These statements were derived from a prior focus group study and literature on game preferences. We used by-person factor analysis and varimax rotation to identify common viewpoints. Both factors and participants’ comments were used to interpret and describe patterns in game preferences.

RESULTS

From participants’ (n=102) responses, we identified 5 distinct patterns in game preferences: the social achiever, the explorer, the socializer, the competitor, and the troll. These patterns revolved around 2 salient themes: sociability and achievement. The 5 patterns differed regarding cheating, playing alone, story-telling, and the complexity of winning.

CONCLUSIONS

The patterns were clearly interpretable, distinct, and showed that medical and dental students ranged widely in how they perceive play. Such patterns may suggest that it is important to take students’ game preferences into account when designing game-based learning and demonstrate that not every game-based learning-strategy fits all students. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use a scientifically sound approach to identify player types. This can help future researchers and educators select effective game-based learning game elements purposefully and in a student-centered way.
The Effectiveness of Assistive Technologies for Older Adults and the Influence of Frailty: Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Fotteler Marina Liselotte , Mühlbauer Viktoria , Brefka Simone , Mayer Sarah , Kohn Brigitte , Holl Felix , Swoboda Walter , Gaugisch Petra , Risch Beate , Denkinger Michael , Dallmeier Dhayana
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

The use of assistive technologies (ATs) to support older people has been fueled by the demographic change and technological progress in many countries. These devices are designed to assist seniors, enable independent living at home or in residential facilities, and improve quality of life by addressing age-related difficulties.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ATs on relevant outcomes with a focus on frail older adults.

METHODS

A systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials evaluating ATs was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, SocIndex, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and IEEEXplore databases were searched from January 1, 2009, to March 15, 2019. ATs were included when aiming to support the domains autonomy, communication, or safety of older people with a mean age ≥65 years. Trials performed within a laboratory setting were excluded. Studies were retrospectively categorized according to the physical frailty status of participants.

RESULTS

A total of 19 trials with a high level of heterogeneity were included in the analysis. Six device categories were identified: mobility, personal disease management, medication, mental support, hearing, and vision. Eight trials showed significant effectiveness in all or some of the primary outcome measures. Personal disease management devices seem to be the most effective, with four out of five studies showing significant improvement of disease-related outcomes. Frailty could only be assessed for seven trials. Studies including participants with significant or severe impairment showed no effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

Different ATs show some promising results in well-functioning but not in frail older adults, suggesting that the evaluated ATs might not (yet) be suitable for this subgroup. The uncertainty of the effectiveness of ATs and the lack of high-quality research for many promising supportive devices were confirmed in this systematic review. Large studies, also including frail older adults, and clear standards are needed in the future to guide professionals, older users, and their relatives.
Effects of COVID-19 on Physical Activity and Its Relationship With Mental Health in a US Community Sample: Cross-sectional, Convenience Sampling–based Online Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Wei , Velez Dominick
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 restrictions may make it difficult for people to engage in the recommended amounts of physical activity (PA).

OBJECTIVE

The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on PA, as well as the links between PA and mental health, was investigated in this study.

METHODS

Participants were recruited using convenience sampling and responded to an online survey between April 15 and July 1, 2021, with ages ranging from 18 to 24 years (n=156, 40.9% of the sample) to ≥55 years (n=28, 7.4% of the sample). To assess general psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and pandemic anxiety, a battery of mental health assessments was used. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form was used to collect PA data from participants, who were then classified as inactive, minimally active, or highly active. Participants also indicated the locations where they performed PA before and during COVID-19.

RESULTS

A sample of 381 individuals was included in this research. The logistic regression analysis results were interpreted as odds ratios (ORs), where an OR higher than 1 indicated a greater chance of an event occurring and an OR less than 1 implied a lower likelihood of an event occurring. Logistic regression results revealed that inactive individuals were more likely to develop psychological distress (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.27-3.69, P=.004), depression (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.92-7.57, P<.001), and anxiety (OR 1.86, 95% CI 0.99-3.47, P=.05) as compared to highly active individuals. Furthermore, when compared to highly active people, those who were only minimally active had a higher risk of depression (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05-4.33, P=.04). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed that COVID-19 has a greater impact on reducing the chances of less active individuals engaging in PA outside and in public spaces. Highly active people's physical exercise locations had changed less, and their exercise frequency at home increased.

CONCLUSIONS

Programmatic and policy interventions geared particularly toward enhancing PA among those less active may be a helpful strategy for addressing the worldwide pandemic’s mental health crisis.
The Implementation of Behavior Change Techniques in mHealth Apps for Sleep: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Arroyo Amber Carmen , Zawadzki Matthew J
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) apps targeting health behaviors using behavior change techniques (BCTs) have been successful in promoting healthy behaviors; however, their efficacy with sleep is unclear. Some work has shown success in promoting sleep through mHealth, whereas there have been reports that sleep apps can be adverse and lead to unhealthy obsessions with achieving perfect sleep.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to report and describe the use of BCTs in mHealth apps for sleep with the following research questions: How many BCTs are used on average in sleep apps, and does this relate to their effectiveness on sleep outcomes? Are there specific BCTs used more or less often in sleep apps, and does this relate to their effectiveness on sleep outcomes? Does the effect of mHealth app interventions on sleep change when distinguishing between dimension and measurement of sleep?

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to review articles on mHealth app interventions for sleep published between 2010 and 2020.

RESULTS

A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies reported positive sleep outcomes, and there were no negative effects reported. Sleep quality was the most common dimension of sleep targeted. Subjective measures of sleep were used across all apps, whereas objective measures were often assessed but rarely reported as part of results. The average number of BCTs used was 7.67 (SD 2.32; range 3-11) of 16. Of the 12 studies, the most commonly used BCTs were feedback and monitoring (n=11, 92%), shaping knowledge (n=11, 92%), goals and planning (n=10, 83%), and antecedents (n=10, 83%), whereas the least common were scheduled consequences (n=0, 0%), self-belief (n=0, 0%), and covert learning (n=0, 0%). Most apps used a similar set of BCTs that unfortunately did not allow us to distinguish which BCTs were present when studies reported more positive outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study describes the peer-reviewed literature on sleep apps and provides a foundation for further examination and optimization of BCTs used in mHealth apps for sleep. We found strong evidence that mHealth apps are effective in improving sleep, and the potential reasons for the lack of adverse sleep outcome reporting are discussed. We found evidence that the type of BCTs used in mHealth apps for sleep differed from other health outcomes, although more research is needed to understand how BCTs can be implemented effectively to improve sleep using mHealth and the mechanisms of action through which they are effective (eg, self-efficacy, social norms, and attitudes).
Tele-Active Rehabilitation for Youth With Concussion: Evidence-Based and Theory-Informed Intervention Development (Preprint)
Authors: Shore Josh , Nalder Emily , Hutchison Michael , Reed Nick , Hunt Anne
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Active rehabilitation involving subsymptom threshold exercise combined with education and support promotes recovery in youth with concussion but is typically delivered in person, which may limit accessibility for families because of a lack of services in their communities or logistical challenges to attending in-person sessions.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the evidence-based and theory-informed development of the Tele-Active Rehabilitation (Tele-AR) intervention for pediatric concussion, which was specifically designed for remote service delivery.

METHODS

The intervention was designed by clinician-researchers with experience in pediatric concussion rehabilitation following the Medical Research Council guidance for developing complex interventions. Development involved a critical review of the literature to identify existing evidence, the expansion of the theoretical basis for active rehabilitation, and the modeling of the intervention process and outcomes.

RESULTS

Tele-AR is a 6-week home exercise and education and support program facilitated through weekly videoconferencing appointments with a clinician. Exercise consists of low- to moderate-intensity subsymptom threshold aerobic activity and coordination drills that are individualized to participant needs and interests (prescribed for 3 days per week). Education includes the evidence-supported Concussion & You self-management program, which covers topics related to energy management, nutrition, hydration, sleep hygiene, and return to activity. Elements of self-determination theory are incorporated to support motivation and engagement. We present a logic model describing predicted intervention effects using a biopsychosocial conceptualization of outcomes after concussion.

CONCLUSIONS

The Tele-AR intervention may help to increase access to care that improves recovery and promotes a timely return to activity in youth with concussion. Future research is needed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of this approach.

CLINICALTRIAL
The Moderating Effects of Disability on Mobile Internet Use Among Older Adults: Population-Based Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Eunjin , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

The preferred devices to access the internet are changing from personal computers to mobile devices, and the number of older adults with or without disabilities is rapidly increasing in an aging society. However, little is known about the moderating effects of disability on mobile internet use among older adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the levels of mobile internet use and factors associated with this use among older adults according to their disabilities. In addition, moderating effects of disability on mobile internet use were investigated.

METHODS

This study consisted of a secondary data analysis using the 2020 Digital Divide Survey conducted in South Korea. The single inclusion criterion was participants being aged 55 years or older; accordingly, 2243 people without disabilities and 1386 people with disabilities were included in the study. Multiple regression analyses considering complex sample designs were conducted to identify mobile internet use factors and to test the moderating effects of disability on mobile internet use.

RESULTS

Older adults with disabilities used mobile internet less than older adults without disabilities. However, disability status had moderating effects on the relationships between mobile internet use and (1) operational skills regarding mobile devices (B=0.31, P=.004), (2) internet use skills (B=1.46, P<.001), (3) motivation to use digital devices (B=0.46, P=.01), and (4) attitude toward new technology (B=0.50, P=.002). The results revealed that these positive relationships were stronger among older adults with disabilities than among adults without disabilities.

CONCLUSIONS

Although older adults and people with disabilities are considered vulnerable populations regarding technology adoption, disability creates a stronger association between several determinants and actual mobile internet use. Therefore, policy makers and practitioners should pay attention to older adults with disabilities to deliver appropriate information-literacy education. Older adults with disabilities could be the primary beneficiaries of mobile services and new technology.
Measuring age-related changes in everyday function in vivo: A neuropsychological framework for emerging digital tools (Preprint)
Authors: Hackett Katherine , Giovannetti Tania
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

As the global burden of dementia continues to plague our healthcare system, efficient, objective, and sensitive tools to detect neurodegenerative disease and capture meaningful changes in everyday cognition increasingly are needed. Emerging digital tools present a promising option to address many drawbacks of current approaches, with contexts of use that include early detection, risk stratification, prognosis, and outcome measurement. However, most existing studies using new digital tools have lacked conceptual models to guide hypotheses and interpretation of results. In this narrative review, we propose a neuropsychological framework for use alongside one key emerging approach – digital phenotyping. The Variability in Everyday Behavior (VIBE) model is rooted in established trends from the neuropsychological, cognitive neuroscience, and computer science literature and links patterns of intraindividual variability to everyday cognition across clinical stages from healthy to mild dementia. Based on the VIBE model, we present testable hypotheses to guide the design and interpretation of digital phenotyping studies that capture everyday cognition in vivo. We conclude with methodological considerations and future directions regarding the application of the digital phenotyping approach to improve the efficiency, accessibility, accuracy, and ecological-validity of assessment of cognition in older adults.
Leveraging Representation Learning for the Construction and Application of Knowledge Graph for Traditional Chinese Medicine (Preprint)
Authors: Weng Heng , Chen Jielong , Ou Aihua , Lao Yingrong
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Knowledge discovery from treatment data records from prestigious Chinese physicians is a dramatic challenge in the applications of artificial intelligence models to the research of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to construct a TCM knowledge graph from prestigious Chinese physicians and apply it to decision-making assistant of TCM diagnosis and treatment.

METHODS

A new framework leveraging a representation learning method for TCM knowledge graph construction and application is designed. A Transformer-based Contextualized Knowledge Graph Embedding (CoKE) model is applied to knowledge graph representation learning and knowledge distillation. Automatic identification and expansion of multi-hop relations are integrated with the CoKE model as a pipeline. Based on the framework, a TCM knowledge graph, containing 598,82 entities including diseases, symptoms, examinations, drugs, etc., 17 relations, and 604,700 triples, is constructed. The framework is validated through a link predication task.

RESULTS

Experiments show that the framework outperforms a set of baseline models in the link prediction task using standard metrics MRR and Hits@N. The knowledge embedding multi-tagged TCM discriminative diagnosis metrics also indicates the improvement of our framework compared with the baseline models

CONCLUSIONS

Experiments show that the clinical knowledge graph representation learning and application framework is effective for knowledge discovery and decision-making assistance in diagnosis and treatment . Our framework shows superiority of application prospects in tasks such as knowledge graph fused multi-modal information diagnosis, knowledge graph embedding based text classification and knowledge inference based medical question answering.
The Impact of Social Media Interventions on Weight Reduction and Physical Activity Improvement Among Healthy Adults: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Shiyab Wa'ed , Halcomb Elizabeth , Rolls Kaye , Ferguson Caleb
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

A sedentary lifestyle and being overweight or obese are well-established cardiovascular risk factors and contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. Changing such behavior is complex and requires support. Social media interventions show promise in supporting health behavior change, but their impact is unclear. Moreover, previous reviews have reported contradictory evidence regarding the relationship between engagement with social media interventions and the efficacy of these interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to critically synthesize available evidence regarding the impact of social media interventions on physical activity and weight among healthy adults. In addition, this review examined the effect of engagement with social media interventions on their efficacy.

METHODS

CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched for relevant randomized trials that were conducted to investigate the impact of social media interventions on weight and physical activity and were published between 2011 and 2021 in the English language. Studies were included if the intervention used social media tools that provided explicit interactions between the participants. Studies were excluded if the intervention was passively delivered through an app website or if the participants had a known chronic disease. Eligible studies were appraised for quality and synthesized using narrative synthesis.

RESULTS

A total of 17 papers reporting 16 studies from 4 countries, with 7372 participants, were identified. Overall, 56% (9/16) of studies explored the effect of social media interventions on physical activity; 38% (6/16) of studies investigated weight reduction; and 6% (1/16) of studies assessed the effect on both physical activity and weight reduction. Evidence of the effects of social media interventions on physical activity and weight loss was mixed across the included studies. There were no standard metrics for measuring engagement with social media, and the relationship between participant engagement with the intervention and subsequent behavior change was also mixed. Although 35% (6/16) of studies reported that engagement was not a predictor of behavior change, engagement with social media interventions was found to be related to behavior change in 29% (5/16) of studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the promise of social media interventions, evidence regarding their effectiveness is mixed. Further robust studies are needed to elucidate the components of social media interventions that lead to successful behavior change. Furthermore, the effect of engagement with social media interventions on behavior change needs to be clearly understood.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022311430; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=311430
Backdoor Attack on Machine Learning Models of Electronic Health Records: Exploiting Missing Value Patterns (Preprint)
Authors: Park Yonghyeon , Joe Byunggill , Hamm Jihun , Shin Insik , Lee Jiyeon
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

A backdoor attack controls the output of a ML model using two stages. First, the attacker poisons the training dataset, introducing a backdoor into the victim's trained model. Second, during test time, the attacker adds an imperceptible pattern called a trigger to any input, which forces the victim’s model to output the attacker's intended values instead of true predictions or decisions. While the backdoor attack poses a serious threat to the reliability of any machine learning-based medical diagnostics, existing backdoor attacks that directly change the input values are detectable relatively easily.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to propose and study a robust backdoor attack on mortality prediction ML models that use Electronic Health Records (EHR). We show that our backdoor attack grants attacker’s full control over classification outcomes for safety-critical tasks such as mortality prediction, highlighting the importance of undertaking safe AI research in the medical field.

METHODS

To this end, we present a trigger generation method based on missing patterns of EHR data. Compared to existing approaches that introduce noise into the medical record, the proposed backdoor attack makes it simple to construct backdoor triggers without prior knowledge. To effectively avoid detection by manual inspectors, we employ Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) to learn the missing patterns in normal EHR data and produce trigger data that appears similar to this data.

RESULTS

We experimented with the proposed backdoor attack on four ML models (LR, MP, LSTM, and GRU) that predict in-hospital mortality using a public EHR dataset. Results showed that the proposed technique achieved a high attack success rate (97–99%) with a low poisoning rate (0.4%) in a training dataset. In addition, the classification accuracy of the normal EHR data was similar to that of the non-poisoned models (reduced by 0.0078 in the AUC-ROC score) which makes it difficult to detect the presence of poison.

CONCLUSIONS

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to propose a backdoor attack that uses missing information from tabular data as a trigger. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrated that our backdoor attack can inflict severe damage on medical ML classifiers in practice.
Capturing diabetes-related distress and burden from the individual perspective of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: study protocol for an explorative study applying a mixed-methods design (Preprint)
Authors: Zara Sandra , Kruse Johannes , Leveling Anna Maria , Schmitz Jana , Hempler Isabelle , Kampling Hanna
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life. Many patients experience high diabetes-related distress as well as depression and anxiety symptoms, which are associated with poor diabetes self-management. As the disease management is a central component in diabetes treatment, poor management enhances the occurrence of micro- and macrovascular complications. This emphasizes the relevance of reducing diabetes-related distress and providing adequate treatment options addressing the individual psychosocial burden of patients with diabetes. Since the patients’ perspective diverges significantly from the practitioners’ in terms of relevant treatment aspects, the patients’ individual perspective on e.g. barriers and facilitators of diabetes treatment are crucial for adequate and effective treatment as well as improvement of self-management, and therefore need to be further explored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine diabetes-related distress, the course of distress throughout the diabetes management as well as barriers and facilitating factors in dealing with diabetes from the individual perspective of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

The study employs a mixed-methods design combining qualitative and quantitative data. Semi-structured interviews (N=40) will be conducted with patients with type 1 diabetes (n=20) and patients with type 2 diabetes (n=20). The primary outcomes comprise (I) diabetes-related distress, (II) the severity of distress, (III) the course of distress throughout the diabetes management, (IV) barriers as well as (V) facilitating factors. Questionnaires will provide data on secondary outcomes: diabetes-related emotional distress (PAID), symptoms of depression and anxiety (PHQ-D), personality functioning (OPD-SQS), mentalizing capacities (MZQ), epistemic trust (ETMCQ) as well as experiences of child maltreatment (CTQ), and the overall health status of the patient (routine medical data).

RESULTS

As of April 2022, the conceptualization phase of the study conduct was finalized. The ethics approval has been received in January 2022 from the local ethics committee of the Medical Department of the Justus-Liebig University Giessen (AZ 161/21).

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide insights into the individual perspective of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes regarding their experiences with diabetes management, and what they perceive to be particularly relevant, obstructive or beneficial. The insights gained could help tailor diabetes treatment more to the individual needs of patients with diabetes, and therefore optimize diabetes self-management.

CLINICALTRIAL

The study has been registered with the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00024999).
Analyzing the factors affecting the high school dropout in Ca Mau
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Pham Thi Ngoc Diem
Published: April 2022

The yearly dropout rate of high school students of Ca Mau was relatively high (as of 5.61% in the school year 2019–2020). The problems and consequences of dropping out of school might raise numerous social problems. Therefore, this study is to examine the factors affecting the students’ dropout of high school in Ca Mau province and propose several solutions to reduce the dropout rate. Data were collected from 06 districts in Ca Mau in 2019–2020 by interviewing 268 parents and 16 educational managers and surveying 168 homeroom teachers in high schools. The analysis results demonstrate that the main reasons for students’ dropout were poor academic performance (57.46%), economic difficulties (26.87%), living in an unhappy family (9.33%), and improper learning motivation (6.34%). The findings provided crucial information for practically efficient solutions in reducing the high school dropout rate in Ca Mau.
Attitudes towards cycling in Long Xuyen, Viet Nam: An exploratory study
Authors: Vo Thi Hong Nhung
Published: April 2022

The promotion of cycling has recently received strong support from the Vietnamese government, and there has been a call for changes in planning to create suitable environment for cycling. However, knowledge in this field is limited since the travel behavior literature in Viet Nam focused on other travel modes, and the context of small cities was largely ignored. The aim of this research is to understand people’s attitudes towards cycling in a small city like Long Xuyen. This serves as an exploratory study to inform and develop future research on this issue. A qualitative approach was used to identify the main influences affecting people’s cycling decisions. The results showed that people’s cycling choice was affected by attitudinal factors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Interestingly, habit was also found to impact people’s choice of cycling.
Fabrication of PZT Thick Film by Electrophoretic Deposition on the Platinum Substrate
Authors: Ngo Truong Ngoc Mai , Iasmi Sterianou , Ian Reaney , Luong Huynh Vu Thanh , Cao Luu Ngoc Hanh , Dang Huynh Giao
Published: April 2022

PbZrxTi1-xO3 compositions near morphotropic phase boundary have been reported to have high piezoelectric properties. In this study, Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PZT 50/50) powder was produced by the solid-state reaction from the relevant oxides at 950oC. Phase analysis using X-ray diffraction revealed the single phase of the tetragonal perovskite structure. PZT thick film was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of the resulted PZT powder onto the Pt substrate. The electrophoretic deposition process was conducted in an ethanol medium, and the effects of deposition parameters such as pH, applied voltage and deposition time on the film thickness were investigated. A green film with a maximum thickness of ~95 μm and sintered film with a maximum thickness of 80±2 μm were prepared. The effects of sintering atmosphere and temperatures on phase transformation and microstructures of PZT film were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. At room temperature, a PZT film of 68 ± 2 μm thickness has a relative permittivity of 477 ± 13 and ~ 9,500 at TC = 405oC, showing typical dielectric properties.
Expert Lecture and Live Demo: The Latest Endodontic Treatment and Restoration with Dental Fiber Posts
Authors: Djustiana Nina , Karlina Elin , Hasratiningsih Zulia
Published: April 2022

Endodontic treatment of anterior trauma and caries followed by post and crown restoration is not included in the minimum standard of oral care in primary health facilities. Endodontic treatment, which requires a relatively long time and the number of visits compared to mere tooth extraction, often makes it impossible to carry out in a health facility with many patients per day. This community service was aimed to provide technical understanding and knowledge of endodontic treatment procedures for anterior teeth that are simple, up-to-date, with a minimum number of visits, and provide an understanding of the selection of dental fibre post materials that meet reasonable material requirements at a more affordable price. Methods for implementing the activities consisted of: (1) Formulation and preparation; (2) Pre-test; (3) Expert lecture; (4) Live demo; and (5) Post-test. This community service increased the knowledge and ability in endodontic treatments for anterior teeth and their restoration with dental fibre posts from the prospective dentists and dentists who were participants in this community service. This activity can also lead to the making of the latest manual and standards for endodontic treatment for anterior teeth and their restoration with dental fibre posts.