bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitos y leyendas sobre los juegos de rol
Authors: Tizón Rocío
Published: July 2021

Los juegos de rol aparecen en la década de los años 70 en Estados Unidos, creados por Gary Gigax y Dave Arneson, padres del ya famoso Dragones & Mazmorras.

No obstante, fueron pocos los años de tranquilidad, ya que en su país natal se le consideró culpable de promover el suicidio de varios adolescentes que habían sido jugadores de Dragones & Mazmorras. Los engaños de la información y los prejuicios de las noticias sobre estos juegos de rol provocaron que varias personas se interesaran por este fenómeno, analizando dichos mitos y comprobando la verdad de estos rumores. Uno de estos estudiosos fue William Watson, creador de la página web The Inquirer, en la que se dedica a desmontar estos y otros tópicos sobre juegos de rol.
Juegos de rol como estrategia educativa: percepciones de docentes en formación y estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Abella García Víctor , Grande De Prado Mario
Published: July 2021

Los medios de comunicación han trasladado una imagen negativa sobre los juegos de rol, tanto en Estados Unidos como en España. Asesinatos, suicidios y un cierto grado de psicosis parecen asociados con los juegos de rol, al menos a tenor de las noticias que suelen aparecer en los medios. Curiosamente, estas opiniones, no parecen corresponderse con las investigaciones científicas realizadas hasta el momento, ni con las sentencias judiciales dictadas sobre casos relacionados. Esta investigación analiza cuantitativamente las opiniones vertidas mediante cuestionario de 133 jóvenes.
Los juegos de rol en el aula
Authors: Grande De Prado Mario
Published: July 2021

Las investigaciones realizadas en el ámbito de los juegos de rol y su influencia sobre las mentes de los jóvenes arrojan resultados positivos, es decir, no son peligrosos. Al mismo tiempo, los escasos artículos sobre juegos de rol y educación muestran referencias positivas sobre sus efectos educativos. Sin embargo los juegos de rol como tales no parecen ser relevantes actualmente como estrategia en Educación Secundaria. El presente artículo hace un repaso de las aportaciones existentes y realiza algunas propuestas sobre su posible aplicación.
Cambio de actitudes y valores ante la energía tras el uso de un juego de rol
Authors: Hernández Carbonell Jorge
Published: July 2021

Los juegos de rol en educación se han definido como dramatizaciones que se vertebran en torno a una situación concreta y utilizan la asignación de papeles a alumnos, quienes deberán defender con argumentos una opinión (previamente perfilada) frente a un problema. Cada vez más utilizados en la educación formal y no formal, destacan entre sus ventajas el convertir lo lúdico en aprendizaje, potenciar el aprendizaje de actitudes y valores y la conexión que se realiza con la vida real entre otros.

La utilización de un juego de rol en una investigación educativa sobre cambio de actitudes y valores ante los recursos energéticos cuyos resultados educativos fueron positivos, permitió repetir dicha investigación usando la variable “utilización/no utilización del juego de rol”, lo que concedió la posibilidad de analizar la importancia de los juegos de rol en la potenciación de cambios en las actitudes y valores de los usuarios de estos juegos.
Juego de rol y educación, hacia una taxonomía general
Authors: Roda Antonio
Published: July 2021

La definición del juego de rol suele resultar ambigua y deja atrás alguna de las modalidades del mismo. Se propone por tanto una integración de los conceptos narración, representación y juego para hallar un término aceptable. Posteriormente se trabaja con un acercamiento taxonómico inicial en función de los siguientes criterios: modalidad básica, tipos o partes de manuales, mundos posibles en relación al mundo real y géneros. Para cada clase se hace un panorama de capacitaciones y aplicaciones pedagógicas. Todo queda como un marco genérico descriptivo a partir del cual puede empezar un acercamiento metodológico multidisciplinar con especialistas tanto de elaboración de contenidos como asesores pedagógicos.
Moving educational role-play beyond entertainment
Authors: Duus Henriksen Thomas
Published: July 2021

Educational role-play has long proved an effective tool for consultants trying to develop the skills that employees are using for performing certain job functions. However, while educational role-play often is presented as an entertaining means for learning, such insistence on making learning games more gamish seems to have an inhibiting effect on designing and thinking games beyond mere skill acquisition. By emphasising the role-play based process as a conflictual negotiation between distinctive categories of knowledge, this paper presents the explorative application of knowledge, while framing the facilitation of reflective processes as the key for transcending knowledge from the game’s context to that of the participants. While pointing towards the compatibility issues between current conceptions of learning games and the facilitation of reflective processes, the paper emphasises the need for thinking the learning game as a part of a didactic design, rather than something beneficial in itself.
Herramientas para el aprendizaje colaborativo: una aplicación práctica del juego de rol
Authors: Ortiz-de-urbina Criado Marta , Medina Salgado Sonia , De La Calle Durán Carmen
Published: July 2021

El juego de rol es una herramienta de participación activa del alumno que facilita el aprendizaje cooperativo y que puede ser más efectiva que los métodos tradicionales para la formación en competencias. Esta técnica es esencial para compatibilizar la teoría y la práctica que se requiere para la adaptación de las asignaturas al EEES, en especial las que pertenecen al ámbito de Ciencias Sociales. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar el efecto y la utilidad del juego de rol en el ámbito de la Organización de Empresas. En concreto, se analiza y explica el diseño y la puesta en práctica de esta herramienta en al aula en la asignatura de ‘Dirección de Recursos Humanos’. Su utilización durante varios cursos académicos nos ha mostrado que es una herramienta útil, que facilita el aprendizaje del alumno y el desarrollo de capacidades como el trabajo en grupo, la resolución de problemas y conflictos, la toma de decisiones y la dirección de sistemas complejos.
Categorias conceptuales para el estudio del conocimiento estratégico empleado al interactuar con simulaciones educativas
Authors: Bouciguez María José , Santos Graciela
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se presentan algunas relaciones entre elementos provenientes de referenciales psicológicos a los fines de elaborar un marco referencial que permita interpretar y comprender las acciones que se realizan durante prácticas escolares con simulaciones computacionales que incluya, además de conceptos propios del proceso de aprendizaje de una disciplina particular, conceptos que refieran a las relaciones sociales, tanto interacciones entre personas como los vínculos de las personas con la cultura, las instituciones sociales y la estructura social. Desde un enfoque constructivista social, se propone constituir el objeto de estudio en el sistema persona más herramienta en un contexto situado en el aprendizaje de la ciencia escolar, a fin de obtener categorías para indagar sobre el conocimiento estratégico empleado por los estudiantes al utilizar simulaciones educativas y la influencia de estas en el aprendizaje de las Ciencias. Consideramos que el estudio del conocimiento estratégico puesto en juego por alumnos en clases de ciencias cuando interactúan con simulaciones computacionales es un problema de la mediación tecnológica de los aprendizajes. Por tal razón, desde la perspectiva socio histórica se han seleccionado las siguientes categorías: la mediación instrumental, el carácter distribuido de la cognición, la zona de desarrollo próximo y el carácter situado de la cognición.
La perspectiva del usuario y del sistema en la investigación sobre el comportamiento informacional
Authors: González Teruel Aurora
Published: July 2021

Se exponen las principales perspectivas en el estudio del comportamiento informacional: la perspectiva del usuario y la del sistema. En el primer caso, se asume una visión global del proceso de búsqueda de información y se desarrollan modelos teóricos y metodológicos para guiar la investigación en este campo. Se presentan como ejemplo la teoría del Sense-Making de Brenda Dervin y el modelo de Proceso de Búsqueda de Información de Carol Kuhlthau. En el segundo caso, se asume una perspectiva parcial del proceso de búsqueda de información, centrándose fundamentalmente en las transacciones entre usuario y el sistema o entre el usuario y la información. Se describen los estudios del uso de recursos o fuentes de información, los de uso de sistemas o demanda y los estudios del uso de la información. Ambas perspectiva no deben considerarse contrapuestas sino complementarias para ofrecer información suficiente tanto para la planificación como para la evaluación de sistemas de información adecuados a los usuarios de dichos sistemas.
Usando la web 2.0 para informarse e informar. Una experiencia en educación superior
Authors: Francisco Amat Andrea
Published: July 2021

En un contexto donde la información se ha convertido en la principal material prima y las pantallas inundan el espacio público y privado, las instituciones educativas han de proporcionar herramientas para la comprensión del mundo en el que se vive, la promoción del pensamiento crítico o la construcción de una ciudadanía activa y responsable. En este sentido, la lectura crítica de los mass media y la producción de mensajes mediáticos por parte del estudiantado se torna fundamental.

Para ello, el rol del docente ha de cambiar para convertirse en un facilitador de espacios de aprendizaje que permitan al estudiantado adquirir las competencias necesarias para enfrentarse a los retos del siglo XXI y la Web 2.0 se convierte en una herramienta pedagógica interesante para aprender haciendo, buscando, interactuando y colaborando (Cobo y Pardo, 2007).

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad difundir una experiencia de innovación educativa que se ha desarrollado en la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (España) donde el estudiantado de Educación Cívica y Social ha utilizado la Web 2.0 para buscar información, seleccionarla y analizarla para luego producir sus propios discursos informativos tanto textuales como audiovisuales al mismo tiempo que se alfabetizaban digitalmente. El proyecto fue evaluado por el estudiantado a través de un cuestionario tipo Likert y sus resultados mostraron una alta valoración tanto de la introducción de las TIC en la asignatura como del aprendizaje producido por el planteamiento de trabajo.
Optimización del comportamiento informacional mediante el uso de herramientas de bookmarking
Authors: Ferran Ferrer Núria , Mor Enric , Garreta Domingo Muriel
Published: July 2021

La actual sociedad del conocimiento así como las nuevas políticas educativas de la Unión Europea requieren una nueva aproximación a los recursos educativos. El uso de un formato cerrado y monolítico como puede ser el libro de texto tiene que ser substituido por la creación y actualización constante de colecciones o repositorios de recursos que faciliten y formen parte del proceso de aprendizaje. El presente trabajo introduce una aproximación a este nuevo paradigma a través del análisis de tres niveles: la investigación del comportamiento informacional de estudiantes en el uso de recursos educativos disponibles en la Red; el análisis funcional y de usabilidad de las herramientas que dan soporte a la gestión y uso de los recursos de información; y  la prueba piloto de una herramienta de bookmarking en las aulas virtuales de la asignatura de Interacción Persona-Ordenador como práctica para mejorar el comportamiento informacional de los estudiantes. Considerar conjuntamente estos tres niveles es clave para mejorar el comportamiento informacional de los estudiantes y, en consecuencia, permitir una mejor adquisición de las competencias informacionales esenciales en el contexto actual.
La interdisciplinariedad en la educación superior: propuesta de una guía para el diseño de juegos de rol
Authors: García Magna Deborah , Castillo Rodríguez Cristina , Rios Moyano Sonia , Cristofol Rodríguez Carmen , Carrasco Santos Mª Jesús , Rodríguez Mérida Rosa Mª , González Ramírez David , Pastor García Inmaculada , González Ramírez David
Published: July 2021

Con este artículo pretendemos configurar una metodología docente que se integra en las demandas y necesidades del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), en el que el alumno debe adquirir competencias profesionales que le garanticen la empleabilidad tras la finalización de sus estudios. Se propone un modelo de juego de rol de carácter interdisciplinar basado en la participación y colaboración de profesores de diferentes áreas de conocimiento y de alumnos de distintos títulos de grado. Este modelo ofrece al docente una guía que facilita el diseño y desarrollo de juegos de rol, cuyo objetivo es la adquisición y puesta en práctica de competencias genéricas y específicas de los nuevos planes de estudio involucrados. El uso de una metodología activa en nuestras aulas implica la dinamización de la docencia presencial -porque el juego es un elemento que invita a la participación y motivación del estudiante-, cumpliéndose con ello uno de nuestros objetivos principales: enseñar al alumno a aprender a aprender, simulando situaciones cuasireales en el contexto académico.
Structural renovation of residential building in Zagreb after the 22 March 2020 earthquake
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: July 2021

The phases that must be completed so that a building damaged in earthquake that struck Zagreb on 22 March 2020 can be renovated and strengthened to the required level of seismic resistance are presented in the paper. All phases are therefore presented, starting from the rapid and then detailed inspection, and continuing with preparation of the structural condition assessment report, preparation of renovation design and, finally, ending with realisation of work with expert supervision. A special attention is paid to structural analysis that is conducted using a nonlinear static method based on displacements, the so called pushover analysis, which is considered to be one of the most appropriate methods for seismic analysis of existing masonry structures. All procedures conducted in the scope of this renovation were realised in accordance with legislation that entered into force after the earthquake.
Problems of Studying Pictographic Criminal Writing by Linguistic Experts
Authors: Grachev Michael
Published: July 2021

The article describes tattoos which are a relatively unknown pictographic criminal writing, understudied by linguists. The author analyzes the difficulties of collecting material, as well as the problems of carrying out linguistic expertise. At present linguistic analysis on tattoos of  code-bound criminals are extremely relevant in the process of collecting evidence for the state to get control of the elite of the criminal world. The article describes the expertise situations in which the linguist-expert has been involved, provides typical examples that have both practical and theoretical significance for the study of these polymodal semiotic complexes.
Learning Responsibility - Teaching Sustainability. Experiential and Transformative Learning in a Business School
Authors: Kiss Gabriella , Veress Tamás , Köves Alexandra
Published: July 2021

The emerging concept of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in some ways always relates to sustainability. In the transition towards sustainability, the authors need to build responsibility for both society and the environment in higher education and management education. Non-formal approaches to learning provide an opportunity to transform a student’s ‘head, heart and hand’, including at the social level as well. This paper showcases the role of experiential and transformative learning in higher education practice. Two of their courses are described and analysed, which are intended to familiarise students with the problem of sustainability within economic higher education. The authors share the theoretical and practical experiences of designing, teaching and assessing these courses. They aim to contribute to the discussion on how business education could be producing useful and credible knowledge that addresses problems important to nature and society.
The Effective Use of RRI Teaching Methods on a CSR Course
Authors: Zsóka Ágnes , Ásványi Katalin
Published: July 2021

Teaching with RRI methods makes a difference. This paper aims to evaluate the application of RRI tools in a CSR course. A course is considered effective when objectives, targeted skills, competences, and expected learning outcomes are communicated and reached. The focus of this research is understanding the impact of a specific international blocked course on the social and environmental sensitivity of students through the application of a mixed-method approach. Q-methodology was used to measure the preferences of students before and after the course regarding their individual behaviour and expectations towards companies. Interviews were conducted after the course to assess individual perceptions about the course and its teaching methods. Results suggest that the RRI approach in teaching is clearly appreciated by students, and its effectiveness is estimated as high. Changes in responsibility-related preference order reflect stronger and weaker impacts alike, helping identify effective RRI tools for teaching, as well as opportunities for further improvement.
Losing Touch? A Case Study on Students' Learning Barriers Within an Experiential-Learning-Based Course
Authors: Fazekas Nóra , Beck-Bíró Kata
Published: July 2021

The research aimed to discover learning barriers that educators unconsciously raise in students of the organisation development master’s course at Corvinus University of Budapest within an experiential and transformative educational setting. The research follows the interpretive and critical traditions of organisation studies and applies the concept of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in its research design. This article aspires to present a case that can be used by management educators working with experiential pedagogical approaches in higher education. Research results displayed a lack of emotional security and a lack of common vision and understanding as the main obstacles to students’ transformative learning through the experiential learning process. Results suggest dialogical practice for building trust and understanding to eliminate alienation in student-teacher relationship and to improve learning quality. Finally, limitations and further research directions are discussed.
Embedding social pedagogy and psychological safety with virtual teams
Authors: Barton Cath
Published: July 2021

This article shares learning from the MA in Social Pedagogy Leadership at University of Central Lancashire, studying social pedagogical theory and concepts and how our working practices with Wellbeing Teams and Community Circles currently align with social pedagogy. An exploration of social pedagogy as a way of working is presented, describing key concepts and how these are currently embedded into how we work and where we can develop further, delving into the opportunities and challenges of virtual working. This article investigates what is meant by psychological safety and key concepts including haltung, self-management, the diamond model, 3Ps and the common third, and how they can be achieved with virtual teams.
Safety and effectiveness of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired renal function: subgroup analysis of a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study (STELLA-LONG TERM)
Authors: Tobe K. , Maegawa H. , Nakamura I. , Uno S.
Published: July 2021

STELLA-LONG TERM, a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study, evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Final results in the safety (n = 6697) and effectiveness populations (n = 5625) were analyzed by stratifying patients by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2) into four subgroups (≥90, 60 to <90, 45 to <60, and <45) and two subgroups (≥60 and <60). Adverse drug reaction (ADR) incidence, and changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), bodyweight, and eGFR were assessed. The percentage of patients experiencing ADRs and serious ADRs was similar across most eGFR subgroups. Polyuria/pollakiuria was the most common ADR. Renal disorders and volume depletion ADRs were more frequent in the subgroups with more severe renal impairment at baseline than in those with an eGFR of 60 to <90 or ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Bodyweight and HbA1c decreased in all subgroups, the latter by − 0.91% to − 0.40% (P <0.05 vs. baseline). eGFR increased in the 45 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup (+ 1.42 ± 8.77 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.006). It decreased in the ≥90 and 60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroups (− 8.27 ± 13.73 and − 1.22 ± 10.34 mL/min/1.73 m2; P <0.001), but not to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In conclusion, there were no new or unexpected safety findings in Japanese patients treated with ipragliflozin for T2DM, and long-term sustained improvements in HbA1c and bodyweight were observed regardless of the presence of renal impairment.
Life According to Popular Children's Films
Authors: Hare Sara , Benham Mariah
Published: July 2021

This content analysis uses data gathered from the 150 top-grossing children’s animated films from 1990 to 2020 (based on North American theater sales) to examine the gender disparities and stereotypes in children’s media. The study shows that female characters are underrepresented in lead roles (14%), main gangs (28.1%), and speaking roles (27.2%). The central female characters are portrayed stereotypically. When female characters appear, they are more likely to be portrayed in a romantic and family relationship than male characters. However, films with a greater percentage of women writers are correlated with more speaking roles for female characters. The impact of media on children’s development is indisputable due to the way technology has become ingrained in day-to-day life. The lack of representation of female characters reinforces the stereotypical portrayals that negatively affect the self-esteem of girls and train boys to expect an androcentric world. The skewed and stereotypical portrayal of female characters fails to accurately represent the diversity of other parts of the world. While many of these films are produced in the West, they are widely distributed and consumed all over the world.
A Survey of the Nexus between the Group Theory in Public Policy-Making; and Diplomacy and Diplomatic Practices; and Its Impact on International Public Administration
Authors: MASUMBE Peter SAKWE
Published: July 2021

This article seeks to discern the nexus between the group theory in public policy-making in domestic politics; and diplomacy and diplomatic practices in international relations. Apparently, diplomacy and diplomatic practices, though strands of international relations, pivot on group theory’s doctrines. Herein, I argue that, there exist a nexus between the group theory, diplomacy and diplomatic practices, which fashions the character of international public administration. Given the literature dearth in this domain, I offer a framework based on Charles Lindblom’s Incrementalism and the Realist Theory to show how the nexus between the group theory of domestic politics; and diplomacy and diplomatic practices impacts international public administration. The research purpose is to boost deeper theoretical and empirical understanding of public administration, since the group theory aims at causing group equilibrium amongst competing groups in domestic politics;  while diplomacy promotes group’s (state)  interest (power) over another group’s (state) interest (power) in international politics.
Voter Participation and Electoral Integrity in Nigeria’s 2019 General Elections
Authors: Omilusi Mike , Gbenga Olorunfemi
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the inclusivity and legitimacy of elections in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic amidst, concerns continually expressed over the zero-sum nature of Nigerian politics, which manifests in the rising tide of contentious elections.   Issues such as logistical failures and delays, misconduct and irregularities, violence, challenges of internal party democracy, corruption and a biased judiciary, have almost become permanent features of electioneering in the country. The paper explores the value mechanisms and processes that can enable an electoral process that guarantees transparency and accountability based on Nigeria’s electoral laws and regional instruments, such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, provides a credible opportunity for broad based participation, enables significant roles for the judiciary, anticorruption bodies, civil society organisations, and political parties as well as provide the strategic tools to ensure the credibility and integrity of each stage of the electoral cycle. The context of the 2019 elections, which recorded the participation of only a third of the 84 million eligible voters, will provide a barometer to measure the overall health of Nigeria’s electoral democracy, drawing extensively from secondary sources.
Moderating Influences of Emotional Pretensions and Dogmatic Behaviors on the Relationship between Leadership-Induced Stress and Mental Well-Being
Authors: Ayodeji Folusho , Lawal Olufemi A.
Published: July 2021

This study examines the moderating influences of emotional pretensions and dogmatic behaviours on the relationship between leadership-induced stress and mental well-being. 253 employees across several branches of four major banks in Nigeria, all of which were at the final stages of their merger to or acquisition by another bank at that time, participated in the study. A moderated regression analysis confirmed the main propositions of the study that leadership-induced stress will jeopardize mental health. Analysis showed that leadership-induced stress negatively predicted mental health. Emotions Hiding and Dogmatic Behavior also predicted mental health. While emotions hiding negatively predicted mental health, dogmatic behaviour predicted it positively. As expected, leadership-induced stress*dogmatic behaviour interaction significantly predicted mental health. But contrary to expectation, leadership-induced stress*Emotions Hiding interaction did not predict mental health. This suggests that the adverse influence of employees’ high emotions hiding on their mental health (found in this study) did not depend on their experience of leadership-induced stress. These results were discussed in the light of reviewed literature.

KEYWORDS:  Leadership-Induced Stress, Mental Wellbeing, Emotional Pretensions, Dogmatic Behaviours, Emotions Hiding
Asymmetries in the monetary policy reaction function: evidence from India
Authors: Shah Irfan Ahmad , Kundu Srikanta
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzes the reaction function of monetary authority in India from 1997Q1to 2019Q4using nonlinear Taylor rule. It has been found that monetary policy reaction function (MPRF) in India is asymmetric and is influenced by the state of the economy, determined by the lagged interest rate. To capture such asymmetry, we have used a set of nonlinear models including smooth transition regression (STR) model, threshold regression (TR) model and Markov-switching regression (MSR) model along with the instrumental variable estimation technique. The analysis discloses that the behaviour of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is asymmetric, reacts aggressively to output gap in general and particularly during periods of high interest rate. Furthermore, the RBI reacts more to inflation and output gap during low volatile regimes in MSR models compared to high volatile regimes. We also found that there is a high degree of inertia in the policy rates of the RBI. The study concludes that nonlinear models may not only help in understanding the behaviour of the RBI but also prevent from making incorrect and misleading conclusions in Indian context.
Optimization of Thermal Modeling Using Machine Learning Techniques in Fused Deposition Modeling 3-D Printing
Authors: Özsoy Koray , Aksoy Bekir , Bayrakçı Hilmi Cenk
Published: July 2021

In this study, the cooler type produced with a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3-D printer, one of the 3-D printing technologies, was investigated using image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. This study aims to change the cooler design concept used in FDM 3-D printers and use image processing techniques and innovative machine learning algorithms to solve the temperature effect problems on the part. In this study, four different cooler types— no-cooler, A-type, B-type, and C-type—were used with an FDM 3-D printer, and each layer processing image of these parts was captured with a thermal camera. Temperature distribution diagrams of the parts were drawn according to layers using image processing techniques such as the Gaussian filtering method and the Sobel and Canny edge detection techniques. Using three different machine learning algorithms on the temperature data set obtained from the experimental study, cooler types were classified with an accuracy of over 90 %. The results showed that using machine learning algorithms, the most suitable cooler type can be selected with an accuracy of 95 % by the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST) algorithm.
Characterization and Performance of TiAlN and TiN Coatings on Plasma-Nitrided AISI 4140 Steel
Authors: Baldin Vitor , da Silva Leonardo Rosa Ribeiro , Baldin Claudia Regina Bernardi , Augusto Neitzke César , Diego Torres Ricardo , Rocha Machado Alisson
Published: July 2021

Steels can go through a duplex treatment process, consisting of depositing a physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating on plasma-nitrided substrates. The coating layer varies from 1.5 to 5 µm, depending on the application needs. The work's objective is to analyze the performance and evaluate the mechanical characteristics of titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) coatings deposited in AISI 4140 with quenched/tempered or plasma-nitrided treatment. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction performed the microstructural and chemical characterization of the duplex-treated samples. The mechanical properties were measured by performing nanohardness tests, allowing the extraction of hardness and elastic modulus out of the load/unload behavior of the samples, and the scratch test according to ASTM C1624-05 (2010), Standard Test Method for Adhesion Strength and Mechanical Failure Modes of Ceramic Coatings by Quantitative Singles Point Scratch Testing (Superseded), coupled with acoustic emission analysis, probed adhesion of the TiN and TiAlN coating on the steel substrates. Also, pin-on-disk tribological tests probed the wear resistance of the duplex-treated samples. It was found that the nitriding process increases the surface hardness and elastic modulus. The TiAlN coating has the highest load capacity with the least amount of wear. The adhesion of the TiAlN coatings is worse than TiN.
Poszukiwanie prawdy jako wspólna przestrzeń pracy nauczyciela akademickiego i studenta pedagogiki
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Chałas Krystyna
Published: July 2021

The following considerations apply to the university setting. The aim of the presented study is to discuss the ways of searching for truth in academic work, and thus to show the areas of achieving this important, priority value in academic work. It is mainly concerned with the integration of the tasks of: an academic teacher and a pedagogy student on the plane of finding the truth: the search for it, discovery, and proclamation.
Wartości preferowane przez młodzież studiującą i uczącą się a jej poczucie jakości życia
Authors:   Lotnicza Akademia Wojskowa w Dęblinie, Ślusarski Janusz
Published: July 2021

The author of the article presents a description and interpretation of the results of original research carried out in groups of young people studying at university and secondary schools. The research concerned the values of these groups of young people and their perceived quality of life. In his research, the author uses the Shalom Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) in the Polish adaptation of J. Cieciuch and Z. Zaleski and the Life Satisfaction Scale by Diener et al. in the Polish adaptation of Juczyński. The results of the research are presented in the article and conclusions are formulated on this basis, which can be an interesting source of data for people who currently organize and implement the broadly understood educational processes in universities and high schools.
Zdolny czy zaburzony, typowy czy nietypowy, czyli jak pracować z dzieckiem w wieku przedszkolnym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Sobieszczyk Maria , Wojciechowska Katarzyna ,   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Published: July 2021

The article raises the problem, increasingly discussed by pedagogues, of the functioning of a child with special educational needs in a preschool environment. The article focuses primarily on the situation of a talented, unusual child often treated as the difficult one. Many tips, methodological advices and solutions addressed to educators of unusual children were introduced, in order to provide support for teachers and parents in recognizing talents and dealing with such children.
Leptin system loss of function in the absence of obesity in zebrafish
Authors: Bagivalu Lakshminarasimha Amrutha , Page-McCaw Patrick , Möckel Diana , Gremse Felix , Michel Maximilian
Published: July 2021

The leptin system plays a crucial role in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis in vertebrates. While the phenotype of morbid obesity due to leptin (Lep) or leptin receptor (LEPR) loss of function is well established in mammals, evidence in fish is controversial, questioning the role of leptin as the vertebrate adipostat. Here we report on three (Lepr) loss of function (LOF) and one leptin loss of function alleles in zebrafish. In order to demonstrate that the Lepr LOF alleles cannot transduce a leptin signal, we measured socs3a transcription after i.p. leptin which is abolished by Lepr LOF. None of the Lepr/Lepa LOF alleles leads to obesity/a body growth phenotype. We explore possible reasons leading to the difference in published results and find that even slight changes in background genetics such as inbreeding siblings and cousins can lead to significant variance in growth.
Effect of thermo-hydro-mechanical densification on the wood properties of three short-rotation forest species in Costa Rica
Authors: Tenorio Carolina , Moya Roger
Published: July 2021

Alnus acuminata, Vochysia ferruginea, and Vochysia guatemalensis are three low-density wood species used for reforestation in Costa Rica. The goal of this work was to study a thermo-hydro-mechanical densification process and test the characteristics of densified wood of these species. Twelve densifying treatments based on temperature, compression time, and use/no use of steam were tested. The variables of the densification process and the properties of the densified wood were determined. The results showed that the densification percentage was over 80% for wood of A. acuminata and over 70% for wood of V. ferruginea and V. guatemalensis. In the three species, the densification process was influenced by initial density. The influence of temperature during the densification process affected the heating rate and color change. An increase in the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture in static bending and in the hardness of the densified wood relative to the normal wood was observed, as well as a clear positive correlation of the properties with final density and maximum load, the latter being highly correlated with initial density. This showed that initial density was significant in the densification process and affects wood properties.
Axial compression of three types of bamboo scrimber columns with different cross-sections
Authors: Liu Yan , Tang Shukai , Guo Yanfei , Xiao Zhongping , Su Xiangyu
Published: July 2021

Bamboo scrimber is a versatile material made by rolling and defibering bamboo into loose reticulate bundles (unbroken horizontally, loose longitudinally, and interlaced) that are subjected to drying, gluing, assembling, and hot pressing. In this study, to better understand the application value of bamboo scrimber in construction engineering, the axial compression properties of bamboo scrimber columns with solid, hollow, and I-shaped cross-sections were investigated. For each column type, three lengths of 1 m, 1.5 m, and 2 m (three specimens of each length) were selected and subjected to axial compression testing. The results demonstrated that the primary failure mode of solid bamboo scrimber columns was instability failure, whereas that of hollow and I-shaped columns was mainly debonding failure. Experimental data were further analyzed to better understand and model the failure mechanisms of bamboo scrimber columns. This study led to the establishment of a design formula for bamboo scrimber solid columns, the calculations of which matched well with the experimental results.
Effects of pilot hole diameter and depth on screw driving torques in plywood
Authors: Tor Onder , Birinci Emre , Hu Lingling , Chen Chen
Published: July 2021

Factors affecting screw driving torques in plywood were investigated in this work. The factors were number of layers (7 and 9), pilot hole diameter (3.0 and 3.5 mm), pilot hole depth (60 and 80% of the thickness of specimen), and thickness of the metal plate (7.5 and 10 mm). Screw driving torques were studied in oriented strandboard, medium-density fiberboard, particleboard, and some wood-plastic composites. There is no such information about screw driving torques in plywood (PW). Therefore, this study focused on the plywood made of aspen (Populus tremula L.). The mean seating torque (SET) values ranged from 0.31 to 0.69 N∙m, whereas mean stripping torque (STT) values ranged from 0.50 to 4.7 N∙m. The ratios of STT/SET were between 2 and 5 in PW with seven layers, whereas the ratios were between 4 and 7 in PW with nine layers. The results indicated that the four main effects of SET and STT were statistically significant with p-values of ˂ 0.0001.
Optimization of alkali pretreatment conditions for wax removal from bamboo culm
Authors: Ra Jong-Bum , Oh Jeong-Joo , Kim Gyu-Hyeok
Published: July 2021

Appropriate chemical reagents were selected for removing the wax layer of bamboo culm, and optimal treatment conditions with the selected agents were determined in this study. Solutions of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride, along with their mixtures with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, were tested for efficacy of wax removal on culms of giant timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z.), hachiku bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henosis Stapf), and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel). Of the tested reagents, the mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the best capability. The effects of varying concentrations of the selected reagents and reaction times at 90 °C were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). Quadratic regression models representing the degree of wax removal at various treatment conditions were determined. The coefficients of determination of the fitted models were greater than 0.98, meaning that the models were highly accurate in predicting the degree of wax removal. According to the fitted models, the optimal conditions of potassium hydroxide concentration, sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, and reaction time were 5.08%, 3.6%, and 63 min, respectively. The use of an RSM model offers considerable flexibility for practical uses because it allows multiple solutions with any desired level of wax removal.
Core Outcome Sets for Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Phenylketonuria
Authors: Pugliese Michael , Tingley Kylie , Chow Andrea , Pallone Nicole , Smith Maureen , Chakraborty Pranesh , Geraghty Michael T. , Irwin Julie K. , Mitchell John J. , Stockler Sylvia , Nicholls Stuart G. , Offringa Martin , Rahman Alvi , Tessier Laure A. , Butcher Nancy J. , Iverson Ryan , Lamoureux Monica , Clifford Tammy J. , Hutton Brian , Paik Karen , Tao Jessica , Skidmore Becky , Coyle Doug , Duddy Kathleen , Dyack Sarah , Greenberg Cheryl R. , Jain Ghai Shailly , Karp Natalya , Korngut Lawrence , Kronick Jonathan , MacKenzie Alex , MacKenzie Jennifer , Maranda Bruno , Potter Murray , Prasad Chitra , Schulze Andreas , Sparkes Rebecca , Taljaard Monica , Trakadis Yannis , Walia Jagdeep , Potter Beth K.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Evidence to guide treatment of pediatric medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency and phenylketonuria (PKU) is fragmented because of large variability in outcome selection and measurement. Our goal was to develop core outcome sets (COSs) for these diseases to facilitate meaningful future evidence generation and enhance the capacity to compare and synthesize findings across studies.

METHODS

Parents and/or caregivers, health professionals, and health policy advisors completed a Delphi survey and participated in a consensus workshop to select core outcomes from candidate lists of outcomes for MCAD deficiency and PKU. Delphi participants rated the importance of outcomes on a nine-point scale (1–3: not important, 4–6: important but not critical, 7–9: critical). Candidate outcomes were progressively narrowed down over 3 survey rounds. At the workshop, participants evaluated the remaining candidate outcomes using an adapted nominal technique, open discussion, and voting. After the workshop, we finalized the COSs and recommended measurement instruments for each outcome.

RESULTS

There were 85, 61, and 53 participants across 3 Delphi rounds, respectively. The candidate core outcome lists were narrowed down to 20 outcomes per disease to be discussed at the consensus workshop. Voting by 18 workshop participants led to COSs composed of 8 and 9 outcomes for MCAD deficiency and PKU, respectively, with measurement recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS

These are the first known pediatric COSs for MCAD deficiency and PKU. Adoption in future studies will help to ensure best use of limited research resources to ultimately improve care for children with these rare diseases.
El Salvador 1969-1977: aproximación a la dinámica de las movilizaciones campesinas
Authors: Arriola Francisco Joel
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se estudia la dinámica de las movilizaciones campesinas ocurridas en El Salvador en el período previo a guerra civil (1981-1992). Para ello se pasa revista a algunos de los más importantes hechos y episodios de protesta campesina y se analizan sus aspectos más relevantes. Desde el punto de vista del material empírico, este trabajo se basa en la revisión de cuatro fuentes principales: a) estudios académicos previos que ofrecen pinceladas aisladas sobre las protestas campesinas ocurridas entre 1969 y 1975 y las tomas de tierras de 1977; b) testimonios de los protagonistas de las mismas; c) boletines de las organizaciones campesinas que condujeron estos procesos; y d) pronunciamientos y comunicados de prensa de los actores en disputa. Se concluye que, en su conjunto, en el período estudiado existió un claro proceso de escalamiento de la actividad reivindicativa y política de los campesinos salvadoreños, pasando de protestas locales y reactivas a movilizaciones translocales, nacionales y con atisbos de voluntad estatal. Este proceso de escalamiento, además, ocurrió a través de la sucesión de tres períodos bien diferenciados de protestas, caracterizado cada uno por una modalidad preponderante de contienda política.
De las imprentas a las editoriales. El caso de Costa Rica (1906-1989)
Authors: Molina Jiménez Iván
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza el desplazamiento de una cultura de la publicación basada en las imprentas a otra que se organizó en torno a las editoriales. La etapa inicial de tal proceso ocurrió entre 1906 y 1919, cuando el educador y escritor Joaquín García Monge y los inmigrantes catalanes Ricardo Falcó y Andrés Borrasé, impulsaron las primeras iniciativas editoriales. Posteriormente, fueron fundadas las primeras editoriales públicas y privadas (1920-1949), aunque fue solo en el período 1950-1979 que la industria editorial se consolidó, en estrecha conexión con la expansión del Estado y, en particular, del sistema educativo. Pese a la crisis económica de 1980, el auge editorial, en vez de detenerse, se profundizó, incentivado por el desarrollo de la investigación y de los estudios de posgrado en las universidades y por la reactivación de la Guerra Fría en América Central.
La construcción de la normalidad sexual en Costa Rica entre 1930-1950
Authors: Jiménez Bolaños José Daniel
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los diferentes discursos - tanto médico/científicos, así como educativos y mediáticos - cuyo eje central era la normalidad sexual y, de esta forma, dilucidar algunos de los principales procesos históricos que le dieron forma a la heterosexualidad en Costa Rica entre las décadas de 1930-1950.  Mediante una revisión de manuales, investigaciones y artículos periodísticos, se establece que la construcción de la normalidad sexual estuvo influenciada por los saberes sexológicos, psicoanalíticos e higienistas provenientes de Europa, y se caracterizó por su carácter inestable y precario. Asimismo, dicho proceso de construcción produjo la conformación de sus amenazas. Se concluye que la normalidad, además de su carácter disciplinario, también tuvo un papel importante en la conformación de subjetividades, al entrar paulatinamente en el imaginario de la cultura popular.
Gregorio José Ramírez, la flota colonial costarricense y la independencia
Authors: Molina Jiménez Iván
Published: July 2021

Este artículo examina la figura de Gregorio José Ramírez, a quien muchos investigadores han considerado como un héroe en el contexto de la independencia de Costa Rica. La primera sección de este artículo considera, desde una perspectiva de redes de parentesco, el pasado familiar de Ramírez; la segunda analiza cómo, entre finales del siglo XVIII y 1821, los comerciantes del Valle Central constituyeron una pequeña, pero estratégica, flota mercantil; en la tercera se identifican las condiciones que permitieron a Ramírez, pese a sus problemas de salud y sus limitados recursos, empezar un exitoso proceso de ascenso social, que le posibilitó convertirse en copropietario de un barco; y en la cuarta se explica cómo, al comenzar a acumular capital político, se labró una posición desde la cual jugó un papel decisivo en la etapa inicial de formación del Estado costarricense.