bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in elementary-age children’s accelerometer - measured physical activity between school and summer: three-year findings from the What’s UP (Undermining Prevention) with summer observational cohort study
Authors: Beets Michael W. , Burkart Sarah , Pfledderer Christopher , Adams Elizabeth , Weaver R. Glenn , Armstrong Bridget , Brazendale Keith , Zhu Xuanxuan , McLain Alexander , Turner-McGrievy Brie , Pate Russell , Kaczynski Andrew , Fairchild Amanda , Saelens Brian , Parker Hannah
Published: August 2024

Background

Among elementary-aged children (5-12yrs), summer vacation is associated with accelerated gains in Body Mass Index (BMI). A key behavioral driver of BMI gain is a lack of physical activity (PA). Previous studies indicate PA decreases during summer, compared to the school year but whether this difference is consistent among boys and girls, across age, and by income status remains unclear. This study examined differences in school and summer movement behaviors in a diverse cohort of children across three years.

Methods

Children (N = 1,203, age range 5–14 years, 48% girls) wore wrist-placed accelerometers for a 14-day wear-period during school (April/May) and summer (July) in 2021 to 2023, for a total of 6 timepoints. Mixed-effects models examined changes in school vs. summer movement behaviors (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], sedentary) for boys and girls, separately, and by age and household income groups (low, middle, and upper based on income-to-poverty ratio).

Results

Children provided a total of 35,435 valid days of accelerometry. Overall, boys (+ 9.1 min/day, 95CI 8.1 to 10.2) and girls (+ 6.2 min/day, 95CI 5.4 to 7.0) accumulated more MVPA during school compared to summer. Boys accumulated less time sedentary (-9.9 min/day, 95CI -13.0 to -6.9) during school, while there was no difference in sedentary time (-2.7 min/day, 95CI -5.7 to 0.4) for girls. Different patterns emerged across ages and income groups. Accumulation of MVPA was consistently greater during school compared to summer across ages and income groups. Generally, the difference between school and summer widened with increasing age, except for girls from middle-income households. Accumulation of sedentary time was higher during school for younger children (5-9yrs), whereas for older children (10-14yrs), sedentary time was greater during summer for the middle- and upper-income groups. For boys from low-income households and girls from middle-income households, sedentary time was consistently greater during summer compared to school across ages.

Conclusions

Children are less active and more sedentary during summer compared to school, which may contribute to accelerated BMI gain. However, this differs by biological sex, age, and income. These findings highlight the complex factors influencing movement behaviors between school and summer.
Health risk assessment of surface water resources in the Nandom Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Bekoe Emmanuel Martin Obeng , Quarcoo Gerard , Dankwa Paul , Naangmenyele Zita , Adu-Boakye Millicent , Mensah Emmanuel Tetteh-Doku , Kumi Michael
Published: August 2024

In Northern Ghana, reservoirs/dug-outs provide immeasurable services regardless of the season. A study was conducted in Kokoliguo and Nandom-Guo to evaluate health risks from exposure to surface waters. Samples were analyzed for pH, turbidity, conductivity, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Kokoliguo revealed mean levels of 7.52 pH units, 124 NTU, 89.6 µS/cm, 0.004 mg/L (Zn), 0.210 mg/L (Fe), 0.219 mg/L (Mn), 0.007 mg/L (Cu), 0.007 mg/L (Cd) and 0.001 mg/L (Pb). Nandom-Guo recorded mean levels of 7.72 pH units, 11.6 NTU, 240 µS/cm, 0.0375 mg/L (Zn), 0.601 mg/L (Fe), 0.220 mg/L (Mn), 0.009 mg/L (Cu), 0.003 mg/L (Cd) and 0.182 mg/L (Pb). The chronic daily intakeoral for Kokoliguo and Nandom-Guo users occurred in the order; Cu < Cd < Zn < Mn < Fe and Cu < Cd < Zn` < Mn < Fe, respectively. Dermal exposure for Kokoliguo and Nandom-Guo occurred in the order; Zn < Cu < Cd < Mn < Fe and Cd < Zn < Cu < Mn < Fe, respectively. Except for Kokoliguo, hazard index derm/oral fell below 1. Cancer riskoral level of Cd exceeded 10e−04 among users. On the contrary, cancer riskoral levels of Pb ranged from 10e−04 to 10e−07 whereas dermal exposure levels ranged from 10e−09—10e−07. The cancer riskoral values predict the risk of carcinogenesis due to Cd toxicity. This study recommends crop farmers desist from the use of synthetic fertilizers. Again, improved water sources should be developed for the communities for domestic uses.
Demographic differences in perceived effectiveness for policies to prevent school shootings: results from a representative survey in New Jersey
Authors: Anestis Michael , Moceri-Brooks Jayna , Bond Allison , Semenza Daniel
Published: August 2024

Objective

To determine what firearm policies New Jersey residents believe will prevent school shootings and the extent to which this varies by sex, firearm ownership status, and political affiliation.

Methods

A representative sample of New Jersey residents (N = 1,018) was collected via the Eagleton Center on Public Interest Polling (ECPIP). Data were weighted to reflect the state's population. Participants were asked to rate how helpful they perceived different firearm-related policies to be for preventing school shootings.

Results

Findings indicate that participants perceived universal and expanded background checks, increased mental health funding, and requiring a license for firearm purchases as most effective for preventing school shootings. Arming school personnel, prayer in schools, decreasing the number of entrances at schools, and secure storage requirements were viewed as less effective. Firearm ownership, sex, and political affiliation significantly influenced perceptions of the effectiveness of these policies.

Conclusion

The study examined the perceived effectiveness of policies to prevent school shootings. The study highlights disparities and commonalities in policy support among different groups, emphasizing the importance of collective efforts to address gun violence in schools.
How to talk to young people about their mental health: a co-produced psychoeducation video
Authors: Radley Jessica , Burge Annie , Brown Ruby , Kashirsky Natalie , Boyd Katharine , Dabrowski Julia
Published: August 2024

Background

When creating resources, such as psychoeducational materials, for children and families, it is essential to consult all stakeholders. By asking service users what they would find helpful, we can ensure that psychoeducational materials developed are directly addressing a need. This report summarises the process of co-developing a psychoeducational video with young people for the adults in their lives.

Methods and results

The idea for a psychoeducational video originated from discussions within a Youth Advisory Group in a South London Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service. The group shared that they wanted a way of letting the adults in their lives know what is and is not helpful to hear when they are experiencing mental health distress. A workshop was held with young people to gather ideas for the content and style of a psychoeducational video resource. Through co-design methods, themes were identified including prioritising the young person’s lived experience, the importance of listening, respecting and validating, adults not making assumptions about a diagnosis, and actively involving young people in care planning. A script and accompanying video were produced over several co-design sessions and shared via multiple online mass communication channels.

Conclusions

This project was co-produced at all stages by young people with lived experience of mental health difficulties to develop a digital resource that they considered necessary and meaningful. Centring the voices of young people when producing materials concerning their mental health results in valuable resources and can bring autonomy to those involved.
Factors associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, testing and medical care among Myanmar migrants in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Thandar Moe Moe , Iwamoto Azusa , Hoshino Haru Angelique , Sudo Kyoko , Fujii Mihoko , Kanda Miwa , Ikeda Saki , Fujita Masami
Published: August 2024

Background

Migrants are individuals who move to a different country from their usual place of residence. Japan’s migrant population, particularly technical interns and students, has been growing. Even before the pandemic, previous studies have highlighted difficulties faced by migrants in utilizing healthcare services. This study examined the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, testing, and medical care among Myanmar migrants in Japan; identified the factors associated with this uptake; and described the difficulties encountered when utilizing these services.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2023 targeting Myanmar migrants over 18 years residing in Japan for more than 6 months. An online self-administered questionnaire in Myanmar language covered socioeconomic characteristics; history of COVID-19 vaccination, testing, and medical care; and difficulties encountered while utilizing these services with multiple-choice questions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed separately to identify the factors associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, testing, and medical care.

Results

Among the 207 participants, 52% (n = 108) were under 30 years, 30% (n = 62) were male, and 31% (n = 65) were low-skilled workers (technical interns and students). Overall, 91% (n = 189) had received the COVID-19 vaccination, 76% (n = 157) had been tested for COVID-19, and 43% (n = 68) tested positive. However, only 77% (n = 52) of COVID-19 patients sought medical care. Participants under 30 years of age were less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine compared to those aged 30 and older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.88,p = 0.038). Low-skilled workers were less likely to seek medical care compared to those holding other categories of residential status (aOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.79,p = 0.027). Among service users, 5% faced difficulties with COVID-19 vaccination, 10% with testing, and 17% with receiving medical care. Long waiting times and complex reservation processes were the main difficulties encountered.

Conclusions

The uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, testing, and medical care in this sample was reasonably good. However, individuals under 30 years of age showed lower uptake of vaccination, while low-skilled workers had lower uptake of medical care. Strengthening education and support for young migrants and low-skilled workers regarding COVID-19 and other infectious diseases is essential, especially in workplaces and educational institutions.
Design and optimization strategy of electricity marketing information system supported by cloud computing platform
Authors: Chen Bo , Ge Wei
Published: August 2024

This paper provides an in-depth discussion on the comprehensive requirements analysis, design implementation, algorithm optimization, and experimental evaluation of an electric power marketing information system, aiming to build a modern information system that is efficient, secure, and user-friendly. In the requirements analysis phase, the importance of business process optimization, data management analysis, security compliance, system integration and scalability is emphasized, while the diversified needs of end customers are considered. For the design and implementation part, the system architecture is based on microservices and cloud-native technologies to ensure high performance and security; and modularized development is achieved through Spring Boot, Vue.js and other technology stacks. For algorithm optimization, LSTM is used for power demand prediction and anomaly detection by combining integrated learning and self-encoder, which improves the prediction accuracy and anomaly identification capability. Experimental evaluation shows that the system demonstrates good performance, security and scalability in cloud computing environment, and the cost-effectiveness is significantly better than traditional deployment.
Deep joint inversion of multiple geophysical data with U-net reparameterization
Authors: Guo Rui , Zhou Hongyu , Wei Xiaolong , Lin Zhichao , Li Maokun , Eldar Yonina C. , Yang Fan , Xu Shenheng , Abubakar Aria
Published: August 2024

Joint inversion integrates a variety of geophysical data in a unified framework to reveal different subsurface properties. Existing methods often require predefined correlations through mathematical equations or training data sets, heavily relying on prior information. In addition, integrating multiphysics data with different sensitivities is challenging. To address these limitations, we develop a novel approach that uses U-net to autonomously establish correlations during inversion, which yields consistent inverted models across different resolutions. Different properties are represented by U-net parameters and solved by minimizing multimodality data misfits simultaneously. We validate our approach through structure-constrained electromagnetic inversion, joint seismic and gravity inversion, and joint electromagnetic, seismic, and gravity inversion with synthetic data. This study affirms the feasibility of leveraging machine intelligence to autonomously integrate multiple geophysical data for precise subsurface characterization.
Multifold topological semimetals
Authors: Robredo Iñigo , Schröter Niels B. M. , Felser Claudia , Cano Jennifer , Bradlyn Barry , Vergniory Maia G.
Published: August 2024

The discovery of topological semimetals with multifold band crossings has opened up a new and exciting frontier in the field of topological physics. These materials exhibit large Chern numbers, leading to long double Fermi arcs on their surfaces, which are protected by either crystal symmetries or topological order. The impact of these multifold crossings extends beyond surface science, as they are not constrained by the Poincar classification of quasiparticles and only need to respect the crystal symmetry of one of the 1651 magnetic space groups. Consequently, we observe the emergence of free fermionic excitations in solid-state systems that have no high-energy counterparts, protected by non-symmorphic symmetries. In this work, we review the recent theoretical and experimental progress made in the field of multifold topological semimetals. We begin with the theoretical prediction of the so-called multifold fermions and discuss the subsequent discoveries of chiral and magnetic topological semimetals. Several experiments that have realized chiral semimetals in spectroscopic measurements are described, and we discuss the future prospects of this field. These exciting developments have the potential to deepen our understanding of the fundamental properties of quantum matter and inspire new technological applications in the future.
Vortex formation driven by the particle flow at the interface of a phase-separated binary complex plasma under microgravity condition
Authors: Pan Sheng , Yang Wei , Lipaev Andrey M. , Zobnin Andrey V. , Li Deng-Hui , Chang Shan , Shkaplerov Anton N. , Prokopyev Sergey V. , Thoma Markus , Du Cheng-Ran
Published: August 2024

Microparticles of two sizes are confined in a dc discharge in a glass tube with polarity switch in the PK-4 laboratory on board the International Space Station. Small and big particles separate from each other presumably due to the unbalance of the force under microgravity condition, forming an ellipsoidal interface. Particles close to the symmetric axis of the cylindrical glass tube are driven by a manipulation laser and a particle flow is generated. The flow velocity depends not only on the laser current but also on the configuration and location of the particle cloud. Counterintuitively, it is observed that a vortex can be formed at the interface, only if the flow velocity is below a certain critical value. Our experiments provide a great opportunity to study the new facets of vortex formation at particle-resolved level.
Remimazolam As a Sole Sedative Agent for Gastrostomy Tubes Placed in the Interventional Radiology Suite: A Case Series
Authors: Shapiro Anna Bovill , Smith Michael A. , Moshe Christine T. , Frey Gregory T. , Chadha Ryan M.
Published: August 2024

Remimazolam is an ultrashort acting intravenous sedative-hypnotic approved for procedural sedation. We report a series of 8 cases of radiographically placed gastrostomy tubes using remimazolam as the sole anesthetic agent. Interventional radiology (IR) gastrostomy tube placement entails anesthetizing often complex patients in a nonoperating room environment. All 8 patients reported here underwent successful gastrostomy tube placement without the need for conversion to general anesthesia. Remimazolam is a feasible option to sedate patients for gastrostomy tube placement in the IR suite.
Rewriting the Heart Sutra: Buddhism and the (Geo)Politics of Symbols in Qiu Zhijie's Art
Authors: Tan Chang
Published: August 2024

This article studies the Chinese artist Qiu Zhijie's (b. 1969) three experimental “rewrites” of the canonical text Heart Sutra and their geopolitical connotations within and beyond China. Examining Qiu's copious writings as well as curatorial and artistic practices over a decade, the article shows how the artist's evolving views of Buddhism have triggered, justified, and added nuances to his shifting positions in art and politics, including assertions of “native” identity and aesthetics, pursuits of non-elitist art and “folk” wisdom, and ambivalent takes on cultural colonialism. To contextualize Qiu's Buddhist-affiliated art, the article also traces how the modernized versions of Buddhism entangled with avant-garde art and politics in the postwar era, and how concepts like authenticity and cultural influence claimed not only aesthetic and thus market value, but also territorial ambitions. The citation of Buddhist doctrines and practices, the article argues, enabled Qiu to present his aesthetic maneuvers as ostensibly apolitical and hence more powerful as embodied ideologies. The artworks create “fragile” yet potent symbols of geopolitical connections that serve the discourse of a Sinocentric world, where China shares roots with “peripheries” such as Taiwan and Tibet and draws its soft power from a collectively created yet mystical and singular identity.
Digital construction
Authors: Zeng Lili
Published: August 2024

The traditional linear narrative of historical concepts is currently facing significant challenges and is being partially supplanted by digital media. Historical games hold immense educational potential, offering a unique digital space that compensates for the shortcomings of traditional history education. Their value lies in open narratives, situational immersion, experiential learning, and the ability to contextualize historical events through avatars. Moreover, well-designed games align with principles of effective learning, enabling seamless integration with classroom education.
Maternity emergencies 1: antepartum haemorrhage
Authors: Yarrington Aimee
Published: August 2024

This series on maternity care will highlight a range of maternity emergencies and detail the pathophysiology as well as their prehospital treatment and management. The series starts with antepartum haemorrhage and will progress through the pregnancy journey to the postpartum in each episode. Antepartum haemorrhage is serious and unpredictable, and the paramedic plays an important role in identifying its symptoms and managing it. The term woman and mother is used, but pronouns may need to be adapted because of patient preference.
Assessment of soil health in uncontrolled grazing areas in the Administrative Post of Luro, Lautem, East Timor
Authors: DA COSTA DELFIM
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Costa DD. 2023. Assessment of soil health in uncontrolled grazing areas in the Administrative Post of Luro, Lautem, East Timor. Intl J Trop Drylands 7: 46-54. Uncontrolled grazing practices have been judged as the main cause of soil degradation in grassland areas. This study was conducted to provide baseline information on soil health in uncontrolled grazing areas in the administrative post of Luro, municipality of Lautem, East Timor (Timor Leste). Furthermore, 40 soil samples were collected from eight uncontrolled grazing areas using the core method; five points sampling per each site (four in corners and one in in the center) sampling points distances were 100 to 150 m apart, and each point represented three different soil layers (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-20 cm). All soil samples were transported to the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universidade Nacional Timor Lororsae, East Timor. Samples preparation and analysis followed the procedure and guidelines of McKenzie et al. (2002) and Liu et al. (2019) for physical properties, while Soil Organic Matter (SOM) analysis used Loss-On-Ignition (LOI) adopted from Nakhli et al. (2019). In addition, all soil chemical properties were analyzed using Kjeldhal and Bray-1 method following the soil analysis guidelines of JICA (2014). The study showed that soil physical properties in the uncontrolled grazing areas in Luro are characterized by high bulk density, poor porosity, and low organic matter content. Furthermore, soil pH remains neutral in areas where uncontrolled grazing is practiced but with very low nitrogen and potassium levels. In contrast, phosphorus is very high in the Cotamuto and Lakawa but very low in the Afabubo areas. Furthermore, low literacy levels and livelihoods are key socioeconomic factors that directly influence uncontrolled grazing practices. Hence, promoting sustainable grazing methods among communities towards raising livestock for their livelihood is recommended.
Tristes chaires : La vieillesse prématurée de la mondaine et la modiste chez Edgar Degas
Authors: Bouley Élise
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Cet article propose d'examiner le vieillissement féminin chez deux figures phares du dix-neuvième siècle que sont la mondaine et la modiste. À travers une analyse approfondie de deux tableaux d'Edgar Degas, Madame Jeantaud au miroir (1875) et Les Modistes (1890), la présente étude entreprend de montrer comment les rouages de la modernité et les diktats de la mode de l'époque font du vieillissement féminin un phénomène à la fois social, physique et symbolique.
La Veillée des vieux vaincus : L'année terrible dans le roman familial français
Authors: Glaumaud-Carbonnier Marion
Published: August 2024

Abstract: À la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, presque quarante ans après la débâcle, les anciens soldats vaincus de 1870 veillent silencieusement dans de nombreuses fictions sur leurs descendants et sur leur revanche. Proposant une lecture croisée des Oberlé de Bazin, de La Frontière de Maurice Leblanc et de Philémon, vieux de la Vieille de Descaves, cet article analyse le paradoxe de ces vieillards dont l'héritage historique malheureux est au cœur de nombreux conflits. Faut-il abandonner ou poursuivre la trace de ces aînés, se demandent légitimement les plus jeunes, confrontés à cette histoire d'un autre siècle qui semble avoir mal vieilli.
Understanding Clinical Ethics Consultation: What Stories Reveal
Authors: Cohn Felicia
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This commentary reflects on twelve stories of participants in clinical ethics consultations from the perspective of family members, some of whom are ethics consultants, and healthcare professionals. Together they reveal expectations of ethics consultations and suggest descriptions of the service. Some common themes emerge, including the role of the clinical ethics consultant in navigating complex situations, assuring all stake-holder voices are heard, attending to moral distress, addressing issues that seem beyond medical practice, and being accessible. They are almost uniformly positive about the experience, with criticism primarily about lack of access to the service.
Three Types of Stories About Encountering Bioethics
Authors: Frank Arthur W.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This commentary discusses 12 stories about receiving ethics consultation in hospitals. Five stories are by physicians, three by nurses, and four by family members; three of the writers have training in bioethics. Some writers requested the consultation, others experienced the consultation as an imposition forced upon them, and in two cases, the story is about the absence of any consultation service. Three types of narrative are found to structure the stories: the genuine dilemma narrative, the institutional intransigence narrative, and the relational care narrative. Throughout, the question is what makes for a valuable consultation, and the general answer is whether consultation enables the development of mutually supportive relationships.
Difficult Discharge in the Context of Suspected Malingering: Reflections on the Value of Epistemic and Professional Independence
Authors: Palmer Amitabha , Gallagher Colleen
Published: August 2024

Abstract: During a clinical ethics fellow’s first week of independent supervised service, two unhoused patients on the same floor were resisting the medical team’s recommendations to discharge. In the team’s view, both were medically stable and no longer required hospitalization in an acute setting. The medical team suspected malingering for both. The social worker and case manager had employed their usual means of gentle persuasion and eliminating psychosocial barriers to no avail. Rather than call the police, the attending physician, social worker, and case manager decided to call ethics. These cases lead the fledgling fellow to consider the appropriate role for ethicists in difficult discharge cases. The article analyzes each case, evaluates their similarities and differences in the context of suspected malingering, and comments on ethical issues surrounding cases of suspected malingering. Finally, the authors reflect on the value and importance of developing and maintaining epistemic and professional independence.
Receiving Clinical Ethics Consultation Services
Authors: Craig Jana M. , May Thomas
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This symposium includes twelve personal narratives from those who have received clinical ethics consultation (CEC) services as a healthcare provider, patient, family member, or patient advocate. Three commentaries on these narratives are also included, authored by experts and scholars in bioethics, healthcare ethics consultation and certification, narrative medicine, and policy. The goal of this symposium is to call attention to the experiences of people who have received clinical ethics consultation (CEC) services as a healthcare provider, patient, family member, or patient advocate.
Genetic algorithm-enabled on-demand co-design of optically transparent metamaterial for multispectral stealth applications
Authors: Liu Shiju , Ye Zhimin , Tan Ruiyang , Han Mengqi , Zhuang Haiyan , Chen Ping
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA)-enabled co-design method for the development of metamaterials with on-demand microwave reflectivity and infrared (IR) emissivity. First, we proposed a multilayered metamaterial based on metasurface with hexagonal patch and ring patterns. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) was then established to model the microwave reflectivity of the metamaterial. To achieve broadband low microwave reflectivity, a GA based on this ECM was adopted to optimize the structural parameters of the metamaterial. A co-design task was accomplished by setting a judgment condition in the algorithm for low IR emissivity. With the help of GA, a metamaterial with broadband low microwave reflectivity and low IR emissivity was designed. Subsequently, a prototype metamaterial was fabricated by patterning optically transparent indium tin oxide films. The calculated, simulated, and measured results agreed well. The co-designed metamaterial had an IR emissivity of 0.15 within the spectral range of 3–14 µm, −10 dB microwave reflectivity at frequencies of 3.1–32.2 GHz, and transparency in the visible band. The proposed co-design method will benefit the design and application of multispectral stealth metamaterials.
Frequency selective rasorber with broadband absorption and high selectivity based on multilayer graphene-metal hybrid structures
Authors: Mao Si-Bo , Wu Bian , Yin Jiao , Xu Wei-Xi , Pang Xiao-Yu , Zhao Yu-Tong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a highly integrated frequency selective rasorber (FSR) with both broadband absorption and high selectivity is designed. The proposed FSR is composed of three lossy layers and a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS). The three lossy layers are designed based on graphene-metal hybrid structures to achieve two wide absorption bands of 1.52-7.5 GHz (132%) and 12.4-18 GHz (36.8%) without the requirement for additional lumped elements, thereby increasing the integration and design flexibility for the absorber. Meanwhile, the application of a third-order bandpass FSS and the introduction of two transmission zeros located at 8.5 GHz and 17 GHz on both sides of the passband effectively enhance the frequency selectivity characteristics of the proposed FSR, resulting in a transmission band with an insertion loss less than 1.5 dB from 8.72 GHz to 11.22 GHz (25%). Broadband absorption, wideband transmission and high selectivity properties are achieved by effectively cascading the above layers. The operating principle of the proposed absorber is analyzed through the circuit analog absorber (CAA) theory. A 26*26 scale prototype is fabricated and measured for verification. The superior performance and integrated layout make the proposed FSR highly responsive to the stealth needs of modern communication platforms.
High-speed super-resolution structured illumination microscopy with a large field-of-view
Authors: Guo Mengdi , Yao Yunhua , Huang Zhengqi , He Yu , Cheng Bozhang , Qi Dalong , Shen Yuecheng , Deng Lianzhong , Wang Zhiyong , Shi Kebin , Yuan Xiaocong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian
Published: August 2024

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has been extensively employed for observing subcellular structures and dynamics. However, achieving high-speed super-resolution SIM with a large field of view (FOV) remains challenging due to the trade-offs among spatial resolution, imaging speed and FOV under limited bandwidth constraints. Here, we report a novel SIM technique to address this issue. By utilizing a high-speed camera and a rolling image reconstruction strategy to accelerate super-resolution image acquisition, as well as using a deep resolution enhancement to further improve spatial resolution, this SIM technique achieves imaging with a spatial resolution of 94 nm, a FOV of 102 × 102 µm2, and an imaging speed of 1333 frames per second. The exceptional imaging performance of this proposed SIM technique is experimentally demonstrated through the successful recording of the Brownian motion of fluorescent microspheres and the photobleaching of fluorescently labeled microtubules. This work offers a potential tool for the high-throughput observation of high-speed subcellular dynamics, which would bring significant applications in biomedical research.
Thin and lightweight camera based on Pancake lens and deep learning
Authors: Wei Jinwen , Liu Youhai , Wu Jiachen , Cao Liangcai
Published: August 2024

Computational imaging using a Pancake lens can help reduce the size of optical systems by folded optics. However, Pancake cameras frequently exhibit inferior image quality due to stray light, low light transmission, and spatially varying aberrations. In this Letter, we propose a thin and lightweight camera comprising a polarization-based catadioptric Pancake lens and a Fourier Position encoding Network (FPNet). The camera achieves high-quality imaging at an f-number of 0.4 and an expansive 88° field of view. The FPNet encodes the positional order of the point spread functions, mitigating global optical image degradation and improving image quality by 10.13 dB in PSNR. The Pancake camera and FPNet have potential applications in mobile photography and virtual/augmented reality.
Parameter-free super-resolution structured illumination microscopy via a physics-enhanced neural network
Authors: Wang Siying , Bai Chen , Li Xing , Qian Jia , Li Runze , Peng Tong , Tian Xuan , Ma Wang , Ma Rui , An Sha , Gao Peng , Dan Dan , Yao Baoli
Published: August 2024

With full-field imaging and high photon efficiency advantages, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is one of the most potent super-resolution (SR) modalities in bioscience. Regarding SR reconstruction for SIM, spatial domain reconstruction (SDR) has been proven to be faster than traditional frequency domain reconstruction (FDR), facilitating real-time imaging of live cells. Nevertheless, SDR relies on high-precision parameter estimation for reconstruction, which tends to suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions and inevitably leads to artifacts that seriously affect the accuracy of SR reconstruction. In this Letter, a physics-enhanced neural network-based parameter-free SDR (PNNP-SDR) is proposed, which can achieve SR reconstruction directly in the spatial domain. As a result, the peak-SNR (PSNR) of PNNP-SDR is improved by about 4 dB compared to the cross-correlation (COR) SR reconstruction; meanwhile, the reconstruction speed of PNNP-SDR is even about five times faster than the fast approach based on principal component analysis (PCA). Given its capability of achieving parameter-free imaging, noise robustness, and high-fidelity and high-speed SR reconstruction over conventional SIM microscope hardware, the proposed PNNP-SDR is expected to be widely adopted in biomedical SR imaging scenarios.
Anti-CTLA-4 treatment suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth through Th1-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Morihara Hitomi , Yamada Tomomi , Tona Yumi , Akasaka Marina , Okuyama Hirohisa , Chatani Natsumi , Shinonome Satomi , Ueyama Azumi , Kuwabara Kenji , Fujio Yasushi
Published: August 2024

Inhibiting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4)-mediated immune checkpoint system using an anti-CTLA-4 antibody (Ab) can suppress the growth of various cancers, but the detailed mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we established a monoclonal hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hepa1-6 #12) and analyzed the mechanisms associated with anti-CTLA-4 Ab treatment. Depletion of CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, prevented anti-CTLA-4 Ab-mediated anti-tumor effects, suggesting dependence on CD4+ T cells. Anti-CTLA-4 Ab treatment resulted in recruitment of interferon-gamma (IFN-g)-producing CD4+ T cells, called T-helper 1 (Th1), into tumors, and neutralization of IFN-g abrogated the anti-tumor effects. Moreover, tumor growth suppression did not require major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I or MHC-II expression on cancer cells. In vitro studies showed that IFN-g can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that anti-CTLA-4 Ab can exert its anti-tumor effects through Th1-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Topography and soil variables drive the plant community distribution pattern and species richness in the Arjo-Diga forest in western Ethiopia
Authors: Berihun Tenaw Tariku , Gode Tamrat Bekele , Lulekal Molla Ermias , Woldemariam Zemede Asfaw
Published: August 2024

Understanding plant community characteristics, distributions, and environmental relationships is crucial for sustainable forest management. Thus, this study examined the relationships between plant community composition and topographic and soil variables within the Arjo-Diga forest. Vegetation data were collected from 72 nested plots (30 × 30 m2 and 2 × 2 m2) systematically laid along nine transects spaced 300 to 700 m apart. Environmental variables, including soil properties and anthropogenic disturbance, were recorded within each main plot. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) using R software were employed to identify distinct plant community types and examine their relationships with environmental factors. The Shannon‒Wiener diversity index was calculated to quantify and compare species diversity among the identified community types. The analysis revealed five distinct plant community types: 1: Maesa lanceolata-Ehretia cymosa, 2: Trichilia dregeana-Flacourtia indica, 3: Acacia abyssinica-Millettia ferruginea, 4: Combretum collinum-Croton macrostachyus, and 5: Terminalia macroptera-Piliostigma thonningii. The CCA results highlighted the significant influence (p < 0.05) of altitude, CEC, TN, and disturbance on species distribution and plant community formation. The findings indicate that variation in plant communities is closely associated with altitude, TN, and CEC, as well as with disturbance factors such as human interventions, with elevation being the most influential factor. Based on these findings, it is recommended that conservation plans consider the effects of human interventions to address the challenges in conserving forests in the future. Additionally, further research efforts should focus on mitigating disturbance factors and understanding the environmental variables that affect forests to improve their protection.
MedTech start-ups: A comprehensive scoping review of current research trends and future directions
Authors: Kalinowska-Beszczyńska Olga , Prędkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

Medical start-ups (MedTech) significantly contribute to the development and commercialization of innovative healthcare solutions, driving advancements in technology, enhancing treatment effectiveness, and supporting public health. This study explores the main themes and concepts related to MedTech start-ups, examines the research methods used, and identifies major gaps in the literature. A scoping literature review was performed by searching the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for publications from 2012 to 2023, focusing on MedTech start-ups in titles, abstracts, and keywords. References were analyzed using the Bibliometrix package in R, and a coupling network analysis was conducted, visualizing results on a Coupling Map to identify key research themes and gaps. The research identified 480 unique articles on MedTech start-ups. After removing duplicates and following a PRISMA-based assessment, 79 articles were included in the review. The studies predominantly focused on organizations, including start-ups and Venture Capital funds (46%). Most articles (60%) used qualitative methods, 25% employed mixed methods, and 15% used quantitative methods. Geographically, 63% of articles focused on a single country, primarily the USA (35%), followed by Iran, Sweden, Switzerland, China, and Japan (2–4% each). Coupling analysis identified five topic clusters: crowdfunding for medical research, innovation in medical technology, new product development, digital start-ups, and the venture capital industry. This review highlights the significant role of MedTech start-ups in advancing healthcare innovations despite challenges like regulatory hurdles and high capital requirements. The literature emphasizes the importance of collaboration among universities, industry, and government for successful commercialization. The geographic concentration in the USA indicates a need for more inclusive research. Crowdfunding and venture capital emerge as crucial funding sources, suggesting strategies to mitigate risks and enhance innovation success.
Increased force and elastic energy storage are not the mechanisms that improve jump performance with accentuated eccentric loading during a constrained vertical jump
Authors: Su Eric Yung-Sheng , Carroll Timothy J. , Farris Dominic J. , Lichtwark Glen
Published: August 2024

Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) involves higher load applied during the eccentric phase of a stretch-shortening cycle movement, followed by a sudden removal of load before the concentric phase. Previous studies suggest that AEL enhances human countermovement jump performance, however the mechanism is not fully understood. Here we explore whether isolating additional load during the countermovement is sufficient to increase ground reaction force, and hence elastic energy stored, at the start of the upward movement and whether this leads to increased jump height or power generation. We conducted a trunk-constrained vertical jump test on a custom-built device to isolate the effect of additional load while controlling for effects of squat depth, arm swing, and coordination. Twelve healthy, recreationally active adults (7 males, 5 females) performed maximal jumps without AEL, followed by randomised AEL conditions prescribed as a percentage of body mass (10%, 20%, and 30%), before repeating jumps without AEL. No significant changes in vertical ground reaction force at the turning point were observed. High load AEL conditions (20% and 30% body weight) led to slight reductions in jump height, primarily due to decreased hip joint and centre of mass work. AEL conditions did not alter peak or integrated activation levels of the knee extensor muscles. The constrained movement task used here, which excluded potential contributions of trunk motion, arm swing, rate of descent, squat depth, and point of load application, allows the conclusion that increased elastic energy return is not the primary mechanism for potentiating effects of AEL on jump performance.
Study on decarbonization trajectories and policy implications for China: A comparative analysis of carbon peak nations
Authors: Xu Su , Wang Jun
Published: August 2024

Amidst escalating global concerns over climate change and the pressing need for sustainable development, this study conducts a comparative analysis across 24 nations that have successfully achieved carbon peaking, evaluating their socioeconomic characteristics and carbon reduction strategies. Simultaneously, it examines China’s policy evolution and strategic responses within the context of its economic and urban development. The analysis reveals that countries with successful carbon peak outcomes typically exhibit high GDP per capita and advanced urbanization rates. Critical to their success are comprehensive adjustments in energy consumption structures and industrial transformation, which are supported by robust environmental policies and technological innovation. The study categorizes global carbon reduction policies into three primary categories and seven sub-categories, reflecting the dynamic evolution of policy approaches driven by global climate agendas and varying stages of national development. Strategies including legal frameworks, carbon pricing mechanisms, international cooperation, and technological innovation are critically assessed for their potential to refine China’s carbon policies. Significant challenges in policy implementation are identified, particularly in aligning ambitious environmental strategies with economic objectives and managing transition costs in critical sectors such as energy and transportation. The study emphasizes the necessity of a phased policy implementation approach, which begins with enhancing public and corporate environmental awareness, advances through the promotion of low-carbon technologies, and concludes with the establishment of stringent legal and regulatory frameworks.
Association between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders in workers
Authors: Kim Cho Rong , Kim Soo Young , Kim Jinhyun , Park Eun-Cheol , Ha Min Jin
Published: August 2024

Alcohol use among workers that is intended to aid sleep may lead to alcohol use disorders. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders in workers. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 were used for this study. We included only workers aged 19 years and older. The final analysis comprised 11,972 respondents (6,472 male and 5,500 female). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders. Workers with poor sleep patterns were more likely to develop alcohol use disorders compared to those with good sleep patterns (male: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.39; female: adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.41). Workers with both poor sleep quality and less than seven hours of sleep had the highest odds of alcohol use disorders in both male (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.38–2.17) and female (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13–1.84). Poor sleep patterns were associated with alcohol use disorders in male who work night shift (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25–2.42) and in female who worked more than 52 hours per week (adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04–2.80). Customized sleep management programs should be provided to workers in sleep-deprived working environments to prevent them from developing alcohol use disorders.
Do maternal BMI and gestational weight gain equally affect the risk of infant hypoxic and traumatic events?
Authors: Chiossi Giuseppe , Cuoghi Costantini Riccardo , Menichini Daniela , Tramontano Anna Luna , Diamanti Marialaura , Facchinetti Fabio , D’Amico Roberto
Published: August 2024

Background

Small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age infants have higher risks of infant morbidity when compared to those who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Increasing pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with higher risks of LGA and lower risks of SGA infants; however, their direct effects on infant morbidity are unknown. Therefore, we intended to 1) assess how maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, and birthweight (categorized as SGA, AGA or LGA) affect infant morbidity and 2) estimate at entry of care the risk of infant morbidity according to pre-pregnancy BMI and possible GWG.

Methods

we used Consortium on Safe Labor data, a retrospective observational cohort study collecting pregnancy and birth data from 2002 to 2008 in 12 US centers. The association between maternal BMI, GWG and infant morbidity was estimated in singleton gestations delivering ≥ 37 weeks using binomial logistic regression. Hypoxic composite neonatal morbidity was defined as any the following: stillbirth, neonatal death, resuscitation at birth, NICU admission, intracranial hemorrhage, PVH grade III and IV, neonatal seizures, NEC, meconium aspiration, CPAP or mechanical ventilation, RDS, and sepsis. Traumatic composite neonatal morbidity included shoulder dystocia or birth injuries.

Results

In this study of 110,594 mother-infant dyads, a total of 8,369 (7.6%) infants experienced hypoxic, while 2,134 (1.9%) developed traumatic morbidity. The risk of hypoxic morbidity among SGA, AGA and LGA infants increased when mothers were overweight (aOR 1.26 [95%CI 1.18–1.34]) or obese (class 1: aOR 1.3 [1.2–1.4]; class 2: aOR 1.7 [1.5–1.9]; class 3: aOR 1.8 [1.6–2]) as opposed to normal weight, and when GWG exceeded (aOR 1.08 [1.02–1.014]) rather than remained within recommendations. The risk of traumatic morbidity increased with maternal obesity (class 1: aOR 1.3 [1.1–1.5]), whilst it dropped with GWG below recommendations (aOR 0.7 [0.6–0.8]). The risk of hypoxic events estimated at entry of care increased with maternal overweight (aOR 1.27 [1.19–1.35]) or obesity (class 1: aOR 1.4 [1.2–1.5]; class 2: aOR 1.7 [1.5–1.9]; class 3: aOR 1.8 [1.6–2.1]), and with possible GWG above (aOR 1.09 [1.03–1.015]) recommendations. The risk of traumatic morbidity increased with overweight (aOR 1.1 [1–1.3]) or obesity (class 1: aOR 1.4 [1.2–1.6]; class 2: aOR 1.3 [1–1.6]), with possible GWG above (aOR 1.2 [1–1.3]), as opposed to below recommendations (aOR 0.7 [0.6–0.8]).

Conclusions

While maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG equally affected traumatic morbidity, the former had a greater impact on hypoxic complications. Therefore, weight control prior to pregnancy is at least as effective as avoiding excessive gestational weight gain to prevent neonatal morbidity.