bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning reveals the role of copy number variation in the genetic architecture of a highly polymorphic sexual trait
Authors: van der Bijl Wouter , Shu Jacelyn J. , Goberdhan Versara S. , Sherin Linley M. , Cortázar-Chinarro María , Corral-López Alberto , Mank Judith E.
Published: September 2023

The extraordinary variation in male guppy coloration has proven a powerful model for studying the interplay of natural and sexual selection. Many guppy populations exhibit substantial Y-linkage of color traits, and this has hampered the identification of the genetic architecture underlying male guppy color, as well as clouded our understanding of how this exceptional level of diversity is maintained. Here we identify the heritability and genetic basis of male color variation using convolutional neural networks for high-resolution phenotyping coupled with selection experiments, controlled pedigrees and whole-genome resequencing for a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of color. Our phenotypic and genomic results converge to show that color patterning in guppies is a combination of many heritable features, each with a partially overlapping genetic architecture spanning the entire genome. Unusually, our GWAS results suggest that copy number variation, particularly copies shared between the Y chromosome and the remainder of the genome, is responsible for much of the variation in color in guppies, providing a potential mechanism for the maintenance of variation of this classic model trait.
Sustained hyperglycemia specifically targets translation of mRNAs for insulin secretion
Authors: Cheruiyot Abigael , Hollister-Lock Jennifer , Sullivan Brooke , Pan Hui , Dreyfuss Jonathan M. , Bonner-Weir Susan , Schaffer Jean E.
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic β-cells are specialized for coupling glucose metabolism to insulin peptide production and secretion. Acute glucose exposure robustly and coordinately increases translation of proinsulin and proteins required for secretion of mature insulin peptide. By contrast, chronically elevated glucose levels that occur during diabetes impair β-cell insulin secretion and have been shown experimentally to suppress insulin translation. Whether translation of other genes critical for insulin secretion are similarly downregulated by chronic high glucose is unknown. Here, we used high-throughput ribosome profiling and nascent proteomics in MIN6 insulinoma cells to elucidate the genome-wide impact of sustained high glucose on β-cell mRNA translation. Prior to induction of ER stress or suppression of global translation, sustained high glucose suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and downregulated translation of not only insulin, but also of mRNAs related to insulin secretory granule formation, exocytosis, and metabolism-coupled insulin secretion. Translation of these mRNAs was also downregulated in primary rat and human islets followingex-vivoincubation with sustained high glucose and in anin vivomodel of chronic mild hyperglycemia. Furthermore, translational downregulation decreased cellular abundance of these proteins. Our findings uncover a translational regulatory circuit during β-cell glucose toxicity that impairs expression of proteins with critical roles in β-cell function.
NMD targets experience deadenylation during their maturation and endonucleolytic cleavage during their decay
Authors: Viscardi Marcus J. , Arribere Joshua A.
Published: September 2023

Premature stop codon-containing mRNAs can produce truncated and dominantly acting proteins that harm cells. Eukaryotic cells protect themselves by degrading such mRNAs via the Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD) pathway. The precise reactions by which cells attack NMD target mRNAs remain obscure, precluding a mechanistic understanding of NMD and hampering therapeutic efforts to control NMD. A key step in NMD is the decay of the mRNA, which is proposed to occur via several competing models including deadenylation, exonucleolytic decay, and/or endonucleolytic decay. We set out to clarify the relative contributions of these decay mechanisms to NMD, and to identify the role of key factors. Here, we modify and deploy single-molecule nanopore mRNA sequencing to capture full-length NMD targets and their degradation intermediates, and we obtain single-molecule measures of splicing isoform, cleavage state, and poly(A) tail length. We observe robust endonucleolytic cleavage of NMD targetsin vivothat depends on the nuclease SMG-6 and we use the occurence of cleavages to identify several known NMD targets. We show that NMD target mRNAs experience deadenylation, but similar to the extent that normal mRNAs experience as they enter the translational pool. Furthermore, we show that a factor (SMG-5) that historically was ascribed a function in deadenylation, is in fact required for SMG-6-mediated cleavage. Our results support a model in which NMD factors act in concert to degrade NMD targets in animals via an endonucleolytic cleavage near the stop codon, and suggest that deadenylation is a normal part of mRNA (and NMD target) maturation rather than a facet unique to NMD. Our work clarifies the route by which NMD target mRNAs are attacked in an animal.
Severe nomophobia is a predictor of poor road safety among motorists
Authors: Jahrami Haitham
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Using a mobile phone is increasingly becoming recognized as very dangerous while driving. With a smartphone, users feel connected and have access to information. The inability to access smartphone has become a phobia, causing anxiety and fear. The present study’s aims are as follows: first, quantify the association between nomophobia and road safety among motorists; second, determine a cut-off value for nomophobia that would identify poor road safety so that interventions can be designed accordingly.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants were surveyed online for nomophobia symptoms and a recent history of traffic contraventions. Nomophobia was measured using the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q).

Findings

A total of 1731 participants responded to the survey; the mean age was 33 ± 12, and 43% were male. Overall, 483 (28%) [26–30%] participants received a recent traffic contravention. Participants with severe nomophobia showed a statistically significant increased risk for poor road safety odds ratios and a corresponding 95% CI of 4.64 [3.35-6.38] and 4.54 [3.28-6.29] in crude and adjusted models, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC)-based analyses revealed that NMP-Q scores of = 90 would be effective for identifying at risk drivers with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 61%, 75% and 72%, respectively.

Originality/value

Nomophobia symptoms are quite common among adults. Severe nomophobia is associated with poor road safety among motorists. Developing screening and intervention programs aimed at reducing nomophobia may improve road safety among motorists.
Environmental concern and purchase intention of pre-loved luxury products: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Malhotra Gunjan , Shaiwalini Shipra
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This research paper aims to examine consumers' perceptions and behaviours towards “pre-loved luxury fashion products” and focusses on analysing the moderating influence of consumers' attitude strength. Additionally, it investigates the impact of desirability in sustainable luxury experiences (LEs) on consumers' purchase intentions (PIs). The study draws inspiration from the Norm Activation Model theory and operationalises attitude strength using the Elaboration Likelihood Model theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Purposive sampling technique was employed to collect 317 useable samples from respondents who had previously purchased or intended to purchase pre-loved luxury fashion goods. SPSS and AMOS version 25 was used for data analysis.

Findings

The findings reveal that consumers' environmental concern influences their intention to purchase pre-loved luxury fashion products. Furthermore, sustainable LE acts as a significant mediator in this relationship. The study also demonstrates that the intention to purchase pre-loved luxury fashion products is strengthened when consumers possess a strong attitude towards them.

Practical implications

Luxury marketers can strategise accordingly to motivate consumers to purchase pre-loved luxury fashion products by resonating with their cultural correlates through persuasive advertising to favourably affirm their attitude towards pre-loved luxury fashion products.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by addressing the unresolved area of PIs for pre-loved luxury fashion products, considering the moderating role of attitude strength in emerging markets. It highlights the significance of advocating and promoting pre-loved luxury fashion products and provides valuable insights for luxury marketers.
Stuck between the ideal worker and the bread winner: experiences of motherhood and work during the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Authors: Kataria Priya , Pandey Shelly
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the experiences of middle-class working mothers from the ITES (Information Technology Enabled Service) sector in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their experiences of work from home are studied in the backdrop of the ideal worker model at work and the adult worker model at home. Further, the study aims to identify the need for sustainable, inclusive practices for working mothers in Indian organizations to break the male breadwinner model in middle-class households.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach to collect data from 39 middle-class mothers working in MNCs in four metro cities in India. The semi-structured, in-depth interviews focused on their experiences of motherhood, care and work before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings

The pandemic made it evident that the ideal worker model in organizations and the adult worker model at home were illusions for working mothers. The results indicate a continued obligation of the “ideal worker culture” at organizations, even during the health crisis. It made the working mothers realize that they were chasing both the (ideal worker and adult worker) norms but could never achieve them. Subsequently, the male breadwinner model was reinforced at home due to the matrix of motherhood, care and work during the pandemic. The study concludes by arguing the reconstruction of the ideal worker image to make workplaces more inclusive for working mothers.

Originality/value

The study is placed in the context of Indian middle-class motherhood during the pandemic, a demography less explored in the literature. The paper puts forth various myths constituting the gendered realities of Indian middle-class motherhood. It also discusses sustainable, inclusive workplace practices for mothers from their future workplaces' standpoint, especially in post-pandemic times.
Does black-box supplier involvement help buyers' product modular and architectural innovation? The moderating role of product modularity
Authors: Li Yuzhong
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In product modular design tasks, especially in the high-tech manufacturing industry, buyers and supplies play distinct roles, which may have different impacts on product architectural and modular innovation. Prior research has tended to view product innovation as a holistic concept, overlooking the importance of this differentiated influence. This study, from a modular design perspective, aims to clarify the impact of black-box supplier involvement on product architectural and modular innovation, as well as the influence of product modularity on these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the theory of product modular design, this study decomposes product innovation into architectural and modular innovation from the perspective of the product internal structure to conduct in-depth theoretical analysis and model construction. A total of 276 valid questionnaires are collected from typical Chinese high-tech manufacturing firms and used to empirically test the constructed theoretical model using multiple hierarchical regression analysis.

Findings

The results show that black-box supplier involvement positively affects modular innovation and takes an inverted U-shape, as moderated by product modularity. However, the impact of black-box supplier involvement on architectural innovation shows contradictory differences at different modularity levels. Under a low level of product modular design, black-box supplier involvement has a negative impact on architectural innovation, but under a moderate level of modular design, it has a positive impact. After the degree of modular design exceeds a certain threshold, the impact gradually weakens.

Practical implications

The results provide valuable insights for managers, highlighting the need to avoid oversimplifying the innovation impact of black-box suppliers solely based on overall product innovation. Instead, a more accurate assessment of the innovation contributions of both the buyer and supplier should be based on the degree of architectural and modular innovation. Additionally, the findings suggest that managers should consider the alignment between their company's product modular design features and innovation priorities (i.e. modular innovation or architectural innovation) when determining an appropriate supplier collaborative development strategy.

Originality/value

This study not only reveals the different impacts of black-box supplier involvement on architectural and modular innovation, but also proves the significant synergistic innovation effect of the relationship between black-box supplier involvement and product modularization. It constitutes an enriched and deepened exploration in the existing research on supplier involvement in product innovation.
Can leaders enhance followers' psychological capital? A framework to support leader–member exchange for sustainable organizations
Authors: Feng Xueling , Adams Donnie
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Servant leadership suggests that leaders should focus on the betterment and psychological needs of their followers at work. However, little is known about the relationships among servant leadership, leader–member exchange (LMX) and psychological capital (PsyCap) in the field of education. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework on the mediating role of LMX in the relationship between servant leadership and followers' PsyCap based on theory and previous empirical research, particularly in the context of higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the purpose of the study, a review of literature was conducted to develop a conceptual framework.

Findings

Findings suggested that servant leadership can positively influence followers' PsyCap via the mediating effect of LMX.

Originality/value

By positing that servant leadership affects followers' PsyCap via LMX in the context of higher education, this paper's framework lays a strong foundation for the expansion of the servant leadership knowledge base as well as for future theory development and debate.
A decision support method for credit risk based on the dynamic Bayesian network
Authors: Lu Jie , Wu Desheng , Dong Junran , Dolgui Alexandre
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Credit risk evaluation is a crucial task for banks and non-bank financial institutions to support decision-making on granting loans. Most of the current credit risk methods rely solely on expert knowledge or large amounts of data, which causes some problems like variable interactions hard to be identified, models lack interpretability, etc. To address these issues, the authors propose a new approach.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the authors improve interpretive structural model (ISM) to better capture and utilize expert knowledge, then combine expert knowledge with big data and the proposed fuzzy interpretive structural model (FISM) and K2 are used for expert knowledge acquisition and big data learning, respectively. The Bayesian network (BN) obtained is used for forward inference and backward inference. Data from Lending Club demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Findings

Compared with the mainstream risk evaluation methods, the authors’ approach not only has higher accuracy and better presents the interaction between risk variables but also provide decision-makers with the best possible interventions in advance to avoid defaults in the financial field. The credit risk assessment framework based on the proposed method can serve as an effective tool for relevant policymakers.

Originality/value

The authors propose a novel credit risk evaluation approach, namely FISM-K2. It is a decision support method that can improve the ability of decision makers to predict risks and intervene in advance. As an attempt to combine expert knowledge and big data, the authors’ work enriches the research on financial risk.
The influence of family dynamics on business performance: does effective leadership matter?
Authors: Maharajh Reshmini , Dhliwayo Shepherd , Chebo Abdella Kosa
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Family businesses have a dual objective of profit making and providing opportunities for family members. This duality leads to a conflict that may bring poor team work and communication, which is difficult to reconcile. Thus, the study looked into how the performance of family enterprises is affected by family dynamics. Additionally, it examines the relationship's ability to be mediated by effective leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a quantitative, explanatory research approach. The study population was family-owned enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal's South Durban Basin, of which 236 were chosen using a snowball and convenience sampling technique. Data was analysed using various descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, namely, multiple regression and the standard deviation.

Findings

The finding of the study shows that family dynamics significantly influenced business performance both directly and indirectly through effective leadership. Besides, the family firms with larger employee sizes have better effective leadership that positively contributes to the business performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study recommends that family businesses should train their members to ensure leadership effectiveness.

Originality/value

This study is unique in that it was conducted in Black Townships and focusses mainly on businesses owned by families of Indian descent that need to prepare for leadership/ownership. It also contributes to academic literature on family dynamics and will encourage families to recognise the importance of strong leadership in controlling family dynamics to improve business success.
Femvertising social marketing: a focus on perceived authenticity and perceived congruence of the advertising and consumers' attitudes toward female portrayal
Authors: Negm Eiman Medhat
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This research studies femvertising social marketing impact on their perceived congruence and authenticity; and attitudes toward female role portrayal cross-gender.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used deductive quantitative research approach. Data were gathered during a sports event in Egypt made to support female empowerment; a local sports organization hosted 8K Women Race on February 26, 2022, applying a cross-sectional timeframe. The researcher approached both male and female segments with an administrated questionnaire to fill out through convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling path coefficient analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The research shows femvertising perceived congruence is insignificant cross-gender; femvertising perceived authenticity is significant to female segment, not the male segment; femvertising impacts female portrayal among male segment and female segment.

Practical implications

The conclusions could be reference for stakeholders who have interest in women empowerment marketing strategies as brand activism; companies that look toward femvertising as effective tactic to enhance affirmative attitude and build an empowered female customer base. The results indicate that marketers can benefit from adapting a more mindful approach to the portrayal of females used in advertising.

Originality/value

The addition of a cross-gender perspective on femvertising (as brand activism) is a key contribution to this literature. This study adds knowledge on the how perceived congruence and authenticity of the advertising can impact significantly attitude toward women empowerment; when brands promote social matters, their underpinning motives are under microscope among consumers, and adverse attributions can hinder brand performance as consumers may not believe the brands when they engage in the activism.
The link between lean manufacturing and Industry 4.0 for product development process: a systemic approach
Authors: Tardio Paulo Roberto , Schaefer Jones Luís , Nara Elpidio Oscar Benitez , Gonçalves Marcelo Carneiro , Dias Izamara Cristina Palheta , Benitez Guilherme Brittes , Castro e Silva Andreia de
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This research examines the impact of integrating lean manufacturing (LM) principles and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) into the product development process (PDP) of manufacturing companies in southern Brazil, with the objective of improving market performance (MP).

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted with 110 product development managers to evaluate the level of LM and I4.0 principles, PDP phases, and the improvement of MP. Quantitative analysis was employed to analyse the data, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and ordinary least squares (OLS) hierarchical regression.

Findings

The study reveals that integrating LM and I4.0 principles in the PDP enhances product development and positively impacts the MP of manufacturing companies. Additionally, I4.0 partially mediates the LM-PDP relationship, while LM partially mediates the I4.0-PDP relationship, highlighting their interdependence rather than one being a prerequisite for the other.

Research limitations/implications

The study has limitations regarding its narrow focus on product development managers in Brazil and the absence of multiple case studies.

Practical implications

The study emphasises the importance of coordinated efforts in manufacturing companies to adopt and manage both LM and I4.0 principles, as they positively impact all phases of the PDP and ultimately contribute to the overall MP of the companies.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study lies in its systemic approach, examining the relationships and effects of LM and I4.0 principles on the PDP, and demonstrating how these effects manifest in manufacturing companies.
Stimulating exploitative and exploratory innovation through transformational leadership and knowledge management capability: the moderating role of competitive intensity
Authors: Le Phong Ba , Le Hung Manh
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Given the importance of leadership practices and knowledge resources in fostering innovation capabilities of firms, the purpose of this study is to explore the influence of transformational leadership on exploitative and exploratory innovation via mediating role of knowledge management capability. This study also attempts to increase understanding of the appropriate mechanisms for firms to pursue innovation capability by examining the moderating mechanism of competitive intensity.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilized the structural equation modeling and cross-sectional design to test hypotheses in the proposed research model using survey data collected from 351 participants in 120 manufacturing and service firms.

Findings

The findings indicate that transformational leadership induces greater effect on exploratory innovation compared to its effect on exploitative innovation. The mediating role of knowledge management capability between transformational leadership and aspects of innovation capability is also supported. Especially, the influences of knowledge management capability on exploratory innovation capability are enhanced and depended on the degree of competitive intensity.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should examine the mediating mechanisms of knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge application to provide deeper insight on the role of specific components of knowledge management capability in linking transformational leadership and innovation capability.

Practical implications

The paper highlights the important role of transformational leadership practices for fostering knowledge management capability and specific aspects of innovation capability under high level of competitive pressure.

Originality/value

The paper is unique in the attempts to provide a prospective solution for firms to pursue and improve innovation based on the meaningful insights on the mediating role of knowledge management capability and moderating effect of competitive intensity in the relationship between transformational leadership and specific dimensions of innovation capability.
An ISM-DEMATEL analysis of blockchain adoption decision in the circular supply chain finance context
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Jun , Li Jian , Yu Huayi , Li Jun
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to provide a series of drivers that prompt the blockchain technology (BT) adoption decisions in circular supply chain finance (SCF) and also assesses their degrees of influence and interrelationships, which leads to the construction of a theoretical model depicting the influence mechanism of BT adoption decisions in circular SCF.

Design/methodology/approach

This study mainly uses the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, which focuses on the aspects based on the nature of innovation, intra-organizational characteristics and extra environmental consideration, to identify the drivers of blockchain adoption in circular SCF context, while the significance and causality of the drivers are explained using interpreting structural models (ISMs) and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate that government policy and technological comparative advantage are the underlying reasons for BT adoption decisions, management commitment and financial expectations are the critical drivers of BT adoption decisions while other factors are the receivers of the mechanism.

Practical implications

This study provides theoretical references and empirical insights that influence the technology adoption decisions of both BT and circular SCF by practitioners.

Originality/value

The theoretical research contributes significantly to current research and knowledge in both BT and circular SCF fields, especially by extending the existing TOE model by combining relevant enablers from technological, organizational and external environmental aspects with the financial performance objectives of circular SCF services, which refer to the optimization of the financial resources flows and financing efficiency.
A lesson from polybutylene succinate plastisphere to the discovery of novel plastic degrading enzyme genes in marine vibrios
Authors: Kimura Yutaro , Fukuda Yutaka , Otsu Rumi , Yu Juwanen , Mino Sayaka , Misawa Satoru , Maruyama Satoshi , Ikeda Yuta , Miyamachi Remi , Noguchi Hiroshi , Kato Satoshi , Yamamoto Yasuhito , Sawabe Tomoo
Published: September 2023

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is an eco‐friendly green plastic. However, PBS was shown as being non‐biodegradable in marine environments, and up until now, only a limited number of PBS‐degrading marine microbes have been discovered. We first set up in vitro PBS‐ and PBSA (polybutylene succinate adipate)‐plastispheres to characterize novel PBS‐degrading marine microbes. Microbial growth and oxygen consumption were observed in both PBS‐ and PBSA‐plastispheres enriched with natural seawater collected from Usujiri, Hokkaido, Japan, and Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae were significantly enriched on these films. Further gene identification indicated that vibrios belonging to the Gazogenes clade possess genes related to a PBS degrading enzyme (PBSase). The PBS degradation assay for six Gazogenes clade vibrios identified Vibrio ruber, Vibrio rhizosphaerae, and Vibrio spartinae as being capable of degrading PBS. We further identified the gene responsible for PBSase from the type strain of V. ruber, and the purified recombinant vibrio PBSase was found to have low‐temperature adaptation and was active under high NaCl concentrations. We also provided docking models between the vibrio PBSase and PBS and PBSA units to show how vibrio PBSase interacts with each substrate compared to the Acidovorax PBSase. These results could contribute to a more sustainable society through further utilization of PBS in marine environments and plastic recycling.
FROM BUDAPEST TO BRUSSELS: Discursive and Material Failure in Mobile Policy
Authors: Temenos Cristina
Published: September 2023

This article introduces an analytic of discursive and material failure, developing a spatial grammar for analysing both the discursive framing of policies as failed and the actually existing processes and effects of failed policy. Using the case of harm reduction drug policy in Budapest, I demonstrate how a successful policy was made to fail at the local and national scales, and how that failure in turn spurred the mobility of harm reduction's implementation across scales and into the European Union's Drugs Strategy. I show how focusing on policy failure exposes the politics of making and mobilizing urban policy, and how an analysis of failure can uncover unforeseen effects of the local politics of policy mobility. Analysing failure as both discursive and material allows scholars to break down policymaking processes into the political and practical elements assembled in policy mobilization. Discursive policy failures take into consideration the framing and accounting of actions, events and processes, while analysis of material failure begins with seemingly fewer political questions because of its focus on the technical. I argue that it is in understanding the relationship between material and discursive failure that the politics of urban policy mobility becomes a central question.
Greater Covid‐19 vaccine uptake among enrollees offered health and social needs case management: Results from a randomized trial
Authors: Knox Margae , Hernandez Elizabeth A. , Brown Daniel M. , Ahern Jennifer , Fleming Mark D. , Guo Crystal , Brewster Amanda L.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate Covid‐19 vaccination as a potential secondary public health benefit of case management for Medicaid beneficiaries with health and social needs.

Data Sources and Study Setting

The CommunityConnect case management program for Medicaid beneficiaries is run by Contra Costa Health, a county safety net health system in California. Program enrollment data were merged with comprehensive county vaccination records.

Study Design

Individuals with elevated risk of hospital and emergency department use were randomized each month to a case management intervention or usual care. Interdisciplinary case managers offered coaching, community referrals, healthcare connections, and other support based on enrollee interest and need. Using survival analysis with intent‐to‐treat assignment, we assessed rates of first‐dose Covid‐19 vaccination from December 2020 to September 2021. In exploratory sub‐analyses we also examined effect heterogeneity by gender, race/ethnicity, age, and primary language.

Data Collection and Extraction Methods

Data were extracted from county and program records as of September 2021, totaling 12,866 interventions and 25,761 control enrollments.

Principal Findings

Approximately 58% of enrollees were female and 41% were under age 35. Enrollees were 23% White, 12% Asian/Pacific Islander, 20% Black/African American, and 36% Hispanic/Latino, and 10% other/unknown. Approximately 35% of the intervention group engaged with their case manager. Approximately 56% of all intervention and control enrollees were vaccinated after 9 months of analysis time. Intervention enrollees had a higher vaccination rate compared to control enrollees (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.10). In sub‐analyses, the intervention was associated with stronger likelihood of vaccination among males and individuals under age 35.

Conclusions

Case management infrastructure modestly improved Covid‐19 vaccine uptake in a population of Medicaid beneficiaries that over‐represents social groups with barriers to early Covid‐19 vaccination. Amidst mixed evidence on vaccination‐specific incentives, leveraging trusted case managers and existing case management programs may be a valuable prevention strategy.
Plankton and marine aggregates as transmission vectors for V. aestuarianus 02/041 infecting the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Doni Lapo , Tassistro Giovanni , Oliveri Caterina , Balbi Teresa , Auguste Manon , Pallavicini Alberto , Canesi Laura , Pruzzo Carla , Vezzulli Luigi
Published: September 2023

Vibrio aestuarianus is a bacterium related to mass mortality outbreaks of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas in Europe. In this study, the role of different planktonic substrates (phytoplankton cells, marine aggregates and chitin fragments) in mediating V. aestuarianus 02/041 infection of oysters was evaluated by controlled infection experiments. It was shown that phytoplankton cells and, to a greater extent, marine aggregates, significantly promote V. aestuarianus 02/041 intake by C. gigas maintained under stressful conditions in the laboratory. Such intake is associated with higher concentration of the pathogen in the bivalve hemolymph and compromised health status of infected oysters. In contrast, chitin particles do not play a significant role as transmission vector for V. aestuarianus 02/041 infecting its bivalve host. Interestingly, incorporation into marine aggregates foster extracellular proteases (ECPs) activity and a higher expression of bacterial virulence genes, that are potentially involved in bivalve infection. Results from this study contribute to elucidate transmission patterns of V. aestuarianus 02/041 to C. gigas that may be useful for the development of efficient measures to prevent and control oyster disease outbreaks.
Hungary: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: VÁRNAGY RÉKA
Published: September 2023

This report on Hungarian politics in 2022 aims at explaining how the incumbent Fidesz‐KDNP (Fidesz‐Keresztény Demokrata Néppárt) government managed to uphold its dominance in Hungarian politics. Through nominating and electing the new president of Hungary, winning the parliamentary elections along with presenting a referendum reflecting the Fidesz political agenda, the government successfully maintained its public support in 2022 despite external challenges such as the war on Ukraine or the ongoing fraud feud with the European Union (EU) and internal conflicts resulting from economic pressures.
Norway: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: BERGH JOHANNES , KARLSEN RUNE
Published: September 2023

Following the 2021 parliamentary election, which was a big win for the centre‐left, Norway has a governing coalition of the Centre Party and the Labor Party, led by Prime minister (PM) Støre of the Labor Party. The government faced various challenges in 2022 and fell dramatically in public standing, according to public opinion polls. The main difficulties concerned both the government's policy, for instance on COVID‐19, on inflation and energy policy, and also some political scandals that led to high‐profile resignations. The main opposition Conservative Party, led by former PM Solberg, rose in the polls throughout the year. The leaders of the Green and Socialist Left parties resigned in 2022.
The detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus via accelerated strand exchange amplification: An ultra‐rapid and accurate method
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Chen Jiao , Zhang Jinxiu , Duan Yake , Zhang Xin , Shi Chao , Li Yong , Ma Cuiping
Published: September 2023

One of the most damaging pathogens of pinewood is the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which could cause an adverse effect on the ecosystems of forests and the commerce of timber. Therefore, it is crucial to realize rapid and accurate B. xylophilus detection. In this work, an accelerated strand exchange amplification method (ASEA) was established to detect B. xylophilus for the first time. By integrating with fast nucleic acid extraction, the whole detection procedure could be finished within 30 min, dramatically shortened the detection time. The ASEA method exhibited high specificity towards B. xylophilus and the detection limit for B. xylophilus plasmid DNA was as low as 1.0 × 100 copies/μL. Furthermore, the ASEA approach also exhibited accurate detection for B. xylophilus when applied to actual pinewood samples, meeting the demand of B. xylophilus detection in realistic scenario. We believe the ASEA method has significant potential for B. xylophilus detection, and it will be helpful for controlling forest pest and quarantine regulations.
Phenological description and thermal time requirements for the seedling phase of three Brazilian native forest species
Authors: Martins Fabrina Bolzan , Ferreira Mábele de Cássia , Xavier Rafael Gonçalves , Ribeiro Gabriela Taynara da Silva , Fagundes Flávia Fernanda Azevedo , Reis Fernando Yuri da Silva , da Costa Haroldo Felipe , Borges Bruna Oliveira
Published: September 2023

Understanding the phenological stages and thermal requirements of the seedling phase of forest species is crucial for sustainable nursery management. This study proposed an adaptation of a phenological scale based on the basic Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, and Chemical industry, associated with the thermal requirement to describe the phenological stages during the seedling phase of three forest species: Cybistax antisyphilitica, Libidibia ferrea, and Platycyamus regnellii. The phenological scale of C. antisyphilitica and L. ferrea was defined and described through 22 seedling development stages ranging from dry seed to 20th visible leaf emitted on the main stem (from 00 to 120) and P. regnellii for 12 leaf development stages, from dry seed to 10th visible leaf emitted on the main stem (from 00 to 110). In addition, the duration (days) and thermal time (°C day) were determined for each seedling development stage. C. antisyphilitica needs to accumulate more energy (and days) to finish the seedling phase (1551.9°C day or 261 days) compared to L. ferrea (1127°C day or 175 days) and P. regnellii (1109.7°C day or 193 days). However, the three forest species exhibit similar energy demands throughout most stages of seedling development, except code 09–12 for C. antisyphilitica. This study provides important information for optimizing silvicultural techniques, evaluating the response of temperature on phenological stages, and assessing the impacts of global warming on forest seedling development.
Productive entrepreneurship within the entrepreneurial ecosystem: Insights from social exchange theory
Authors: Dutta Dev K. , Khurana Indu
Published: September 2023

Utilizing insights from the social exchange theory, we examine the conceptual underpinnings of social exchange relationships between the entrepreneur and other ecosystem actors, explaining the emergence and expansion of EE‐wide productive entrepreneurship. Adopting a process view, we offer a theoretical framework that suggests that, with time, more actors enter the ecosystem, and with diverse resources, approaches, and expectations. Further, the increase of social exchanges among them leads to an expansion in the structures, processes, and networks, thus influencing EE‐wide productive entrepreneurship. This is an important insight for policymakers worldwide that are interested in ensuring productive entrepreneurship within the EE. Our research offers a compelling theoretical rationale for why effective collaboration among EE actors for sharing resources, information, and knowledge facilitates the achievement of productive entrepreneurship.
Measuring and classifying students' cognitive load in pen‐based mobile learning using handwriting, touch gestural and eye‐tracking data
Authors: Li Qingchuan , Luximon Yan , Zhang Jiaxin , Song Yao
Published: September 2023

Although the utilization of mobile technologies has recently emerged in various educational settings, limited research has focused on cognitive load detection in the pen‐based learning process. This research conducted two experimental studies to investigate what and how multimodal data can be used to measure and classify learners' real‐time cognitive load. The results found that it was a promising method to predict learners' cognitive load by analysing their handwriting, touch gestural and eye‐tracking data individually and conjunctively. The machine learning approach used in this research achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.86 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 0.85/0.86 sensitivity/specificity by only using handwriting data, 0.93 AUC and 0.93/0.94 sensitivity/specificity by only using touch gestural data, and 0.94 AUC and 0.94/0.95 sensitivity/specificity by using both the touch gestural and eye‐tracking data. The results can contribute to the optimization of cognitive load and the development of adaptive learning systems for pen‐based mobile learning.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Pen‐based mobile learning systems allow natural ways of handwriting and gestural touching, which can facilitate learners' cognitive processes in mobile learning.

Behavioural and physiological multimodal data are helpful in detecting learners' real‐time cognitive load in mobile learning.

The effectiveness of behavioural and physiological multimodal data for measuring cognitive load in pen‐based mobile learning is limited investigated.

What this paper adds

This paper confirms the effectiveness of handwriting and touch gestural multimodal data for measuring pen‐based learning cognitive load, in terms of their stroke‐, path‐ and time‐based features.

This paper explores the potential of eye‐tracking data in measuring pen‐based learning cognitive load.

A combination of behavioural and physiological multimodal data is reported to increase the prediction accuracy for cognitive load measurement.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Practitioners are suggested to use behavioural and physiological multimodal data individually or conjunctively for measuring cognitive load in pen‐based learning.

The results provide guides for developing adaptive pen‐based learning systems by optimizing the real‐time cognitive load.
Utilizing augmented reality for embodied mental rotation training: A learning analytics study
Authors: Yu Jiaqi , Denham André R.
Published: September 2023

Mental rotation is the ability to mentally rotate two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional objects in one's mind. Previous studies have examined the relationship between mental rotation abilities and embodied cognition. However, conflicting findings underscore the necessity for further investigation. This study aims to investigate how different levels of embodiment in mental rotation training affect mental rotation training. Three versions of mental rotation training with different levels of embodiment (keyboard, touchpad and augmented reality) were developed for this study. A quasi‐experimental study was conducted with a total of 125 university students to explore how different training versions affect participants' training performances, perception of the usability of the training and mental rotation ability. The results suggest those who used the versions with higher levels of bodily engagement performed better than those who used the versions with lower levels of bodily engagement (p < 0.001). Participants' mental rotation ability also improved significantly after training with the augmented reality (AR1) version compared to those in the keyboard group (p = 0.01). The learning analytics results provide additional clarity by indicating that the participants' mental rotation ability can be predicted by their training performance in the AR condition (p < 0.001). This study has significant implications for the potential of using embodied AR training to improve mental rotation ability.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Mental rotation ability is a malleable trait that can be improved through repeated and long‐term game‐based training.

Short‐term training using digital games has limited impacts on mental rotation ability.

Mental rotation abilities are linked to our bodily interactions with the physical world.

What this paper adds

Investigates how different levels of bodily engagement in a digital game affect short‐term mental rotation training.

Investigates how different levels of bodily engagement in a mental rotation training game affect players' game performance and perception of the usability of the game.

Investigates if players' performance in a mental rotation training game can predict their mental rotation ability and self‐diagnosed sense of direction.

Leverages learning analytics to explain findings generated by traditional research methods.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Leveraging augmented reality technology in more embodied mental rotation training games can facilitate short‐term gains in mental rotation.

Game‐based learning researchers should consider leveraging learning analytics techniques to provide richer and more nuanced explanations for findings generated by traditional research methods.

Game performance in effective mental rotation training games can predict mental rotation abilities, thus potentially assessing such abilities.
Electoral Integrity and Turnout in a Context of Violence at the Sub‐National Level in Mexico, 2015–2018
Authors: Mendez Irma , Perez Arellano Marietha
Published: September 2023

In this article, we analyse the effect of electoral integrity on electoral participation in violent contexts. Using data from Local Electoral Authorities on electoral results, Electoral Integrity rates, and the Peace Index, we develop an exploratory analysis for sub‐national elections in Mexico, in the 2015–2018 period. We conclude that, when elections are characterised by a high level of integrity, the negative impact of violence on turnout lessens, or almost disappears. By doing this, we contribute to the existing literature about the effects of violence on turnout at the sub‐national level and to the studies on electoral integrity.