bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДВІ КНИЖКИ ПРО ВИЗНАЧНОГО ЛІКАРЯ-ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГА ГЕНРІХА МОСІНГА
Authors: Andreychyn M. A.
Published: April 2021

Прорецензовано дві книги про визначного лікаря-епідеміолога Генріха Мосінга, який зробив вирішальний внесок у ліквідацію висипного тифу на теренах колишнього Радянського Союзу. Г. Мосінг разом зі своїм вчителем Р. Вайґлем досягли блискучих успіхів у боротьбі з висипним тифом передусім шляхом розробки вакцини і специфічного діагностикуму в лабораторних умовах, негайного налагодження їх промислового виробництва та широкого застосування. Наведено коротку біографічну інформацію про вченого, його наукову діяльність і душпастирську службу.
Discurso educacional contemporâneo: inventário analógico
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Aquino Julio Groppa
Published: April 2021

A obra se constitui em um Inventário Analógico da discursividade educacional em circulação no Brasil durante as últimas décadas, tendo como fonte a imprensa pedagógica periódica e, mais especificamente, 1.165 entrevistas concedidas por uma gama de expoentes do campo em 10 diferentes revistas de divulgação, entre 1986 e 2019. A obra é composta por 332 verbetes - contendo cada qual 15 passagens das referidas entrevistas - distribuídos em seis grandes blocos denominados Grandezas e Durações; Emergências e Cânones; Gestos e Afetos, somando-se outras 20 passagens reunidas na seção "Culminâncias", além de 5.000 excertos. O livro conta ainda com índices onomástico e remissivo, além da listagem das fontes e um posfácio.
Glossário de termos ligados à Covid-19 = Glossaire des termes liés á la Covid-19
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Zavaglia Adriana , Bastianello Renata Tonini ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
Published: April 2021

A obra trata de palavras que denominam “situações humanas reais e possíveis”, que, às vezes, confundem-se com ou se assemelham a derrotas, como uma pandemia, por exemplo, bem como aquelas que denominam a esperança e a vitória que, certamente, superam-nas. O livro reúne e descreve uma terminologia relacionada à pandemia do novo coronavírus que afetou, e tem afetado, toda a humanidade. Trata-se de um Glossário resultante “da observação curiosa de uma leitora e ouvinte de notícias em português e francês sobre a atual pandemia”. O Glossário conta com caráter bilíngue e bidirecional, ou seja, reúne informações em duas línguas – português do Brasil e francês – e em duas direções, isto é, apresenta uma nomenclatura em língua portuguesa constituindo o Glossário Português-Francês e outra em língua francesa resultando no Glossário Francês-Português.
Treatment-Related Changes in Left Atrial Structure in Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From the CABANA Imaging Substudy
Authors: Rettmann Maryam E. , Holmes David R. , Monahan Kristi H. , Breen Jerome F. , Bahnson Tristram D. , Mark Daniel B. , Poole Jeanne E. , Ellis Alicia M. , Silverstein Adam P. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Lee Kerry L. , Robb Richard A. , Packer Douglas L. ,   for the CABANA Imaging Investigators
Published: April 2021

Background:

The CABANA trial (Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation) was a randomized, prospective trial of left atrial catheter ablation versus drug therapy for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). As part of CABANA, a prospective imaging substudy was conducted. The main objectives were to describe the patterns of changes in the dimensions of the left atrium and pulmonary veins (PVs), and the relationship between these changes with treatment assignment and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was acquired at baseline and follow-up in 121 ablation (median follow-up 101 days) and 85 drug patients (median follow-up 97 days). Left atrial volume index, mean PV ostial diameter, and ostial diameters of each PV separately were computed. We examined the relationship between the change from baseline to follow-up with subsequent clinical outcomes (composite of death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest [CABANA primary end point], total mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization, first AF recurrence after the 90-day blanking period, first AF/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia after the 90-day blanking period) using Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results:

The median (25th to 75th) change from baseline for left atrial volume index was −7.8 mL/m
2
(−16.4 to 0.2), ablation arm and −3.5 mL/m
2
(−11.4 to 2.6), drug therapy arm. The left atrial volume index decreased in 52.9% of ablation patients versus 40.0% of drug therapy patients. Change for mean PV was −2.7 mm (−4.2 to −1.3) in the ablation arm versus −0.1 mm (−1.5 to 0.8) in the drug therapy arm. Changes in left atrium and PV dimensions had no consistent relationship with the risk of developing the study primary end point. Reductions in left atrial volume index, and in mean PV diameter were associated with decreased risk of AF recurrence.

Conclusions:

Ablation patients demonstrated more frequent and larger atrial structural changes compared with drug patients. These changes suggest a critical relationship between structural features and AF generation.
Postpartum Depression and Birth Experience in Russia
Authors: Yakupova Vera A. , Suarez Anna
Published: April 2021

Background. In European countries, postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in 13–19% of women. The statistics indicate that postpartum depressive disorders affect up to 300,000 women in Russia annually. There is still an extremely acute lack of psychological comfort provided to women during labor in Russia. Objective. To our knowledge, ours is the first study that examines the association between childbirth experience and the risk of PPD in Russia. Design. We collected data from 190 Russian-speaking mothers, ages 19 to 46, (M = 32 +4.3) two months after their delivery. Results. Birth satisfaction and physical well-being two months after delivery were significantly inversely associated with PPD. Birth satisfaction negatively correlated with the perceived severity and unpredictability of labor, and positively correlated with physical well-being two months after delivery. The presence of a partner and a personal midwife or doula at birth was associated with higher birth satisfaction. Conclusion. Our results emphasize the significance of childbirth satisfaction in the context of PPD and suggest the importance of individual professional support during labor.
The Transformational Power of Barokah and Silaturahmi in Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Seise Claudia
Published: April 2021

In the following article, I propose that there are localized Islamic concepts and practices that can be applied to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of Islam in Indonesia in general, and Islamic dynamics and movements in particular. I focus on two concepts: barokah, divine blessing power, and silaturahmi, keeping family and kinship ties. Both concepts are localized and add an additional nuance to the Islam found in the Indonesian Archipelago. By analyzing examples from my own ethnographic field research, I suggest that barokah and silaturahmi have transformational power attached to them that can change a person’s understanding of Islam. Therefore, they should be taken into account when analyzing Islamic movements and religious change in Indonesia.
Factors Governing Winter Snow Accumulation and Ablation Susceptibility Across the Sierra Nevada, U.S.A.
Authors: K. Haleakala , M. Gebremichael , J. Dozier , D.P. Lettenmaier
Published: April 2021

Seasonal snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation in California’s Sierra Nevada is primarily governed by a few orographically enhanced snowstorms. However, as air temperatures gradually rise, resulting in a shift from snow to rain, the governing processes determining SWE accumulation versus ablation become ambiguous. Using a network of 28 snow pillow measurements to represent an elevational and latitudinal gradient across the Sierra Nevada, we identify distributions of critical temperatures and corresponding storm and snowpack properties that describe how SWE accumulation varies across the range at an hourly timescale for water years 2010 through 2019. We also describe antecedent and prevailing conditions governing whether SWE accumulates or ablates during warm storms. Results show that atmospheric moisture regulates a temperature dependence of SWE accumulation. Conditions balancing precipitable water and snow formation requirements produce the most seasonal SWE, which was observed in the (low-elevation) northern and (middle-elevation) central Sierra Nevada. The high southern Sierra Nevada conservatively accumulates SWE with colder, drier air, resulting in less midwinter ablation. These differences explain a tendency for deep, low-density snowpacks to accumulate rather than ablate SWE during warm storms (having median temperatures exceeding 1.0°C), reflecting counteracting liquid storage and internal energy deficits. The storm events themselves in these cases are brief with modest moisture supplies or are otherwise followed immediately by ablation.
Polarimetric and Electrical Structure of the 19 May 2013 Edmond–Carney, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell
Authors: Sharma Milind , Tanamachi Robin L. , Bruning Eric C. , Calhoun Kristin M.
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate the utility of transient polarimetric signatures (ZDR and KDP columns, a proxy for surges in a thunderstorm updraft) to explain variability in lightning flash rates in a tornadic supercell. Observational data from a WSR-88D and the Oklahoma lightning mapping array are used to map the temporal variance of polarimetric signatures and VHF sources from lightning channels. It is shown, via three-dimensional and cross-sectional analyses, that the storm was of inverted polarity resulting from anomalous electrification. Statistical analysis confirms that mean flash area in the ZDR column region was 10 times smaller than elsewhere in the storm. On an average, 5 times more flash initiations occurred within ZDR column regions, thereby supporting existing theory of an inverse relationship between flash initiation rates and lightning channel extent. Segmentation and object identification algorithms are applied to gridded radar data to calculate metrics such as height, width, and volume of ZDR and KDP columns. Variability in lightning flash rates is best explained by the fluctuations in ZDR column volume with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value of 0.72. The highest flash rates occur in conjunction with the deepest ZDR columns (up to 5 km above environmental melting level) and largest volumes of ZDR columns extending up to the −20°C level (3 km above the melting level). Reduced flash rates toward the end of the analysis are indicative of weaker updrafts manifested as low ZDR column volumes at and above the −10°C level. These findings are consistent with recent studies linking lightning to the interplay between storm dynamics, kinematics, thermodynamics, and precipitation microphysics.
The Politics of a Memory Wound: Norwegian Exceptionalism and the Trauma of July 22, 2011
Authors: Hartelius E. Johanna , Haynal Kaitlyn E.
Published: April 2021

Following the July 22, 2011, Oslo bombing and shootings at the Utøya youth camp Norway became embroiled in a conflict over commemorative ethics. The memorial initially selected in an international contest, Memory Wound by Jonas Dahlgren, drew opposition from victims’ families and local residents for its severe impact on the natural landscape. Plans for installation were cancelled in 2017. This controversy, we submit, must be contextualized in relation to the Norwegian justice system’s handling of Anders Breivik, the perpetrator whose criminal proceedings were kept relatively secluded. We demonstrate how the design of Memory Wound and the suppression of Breivik’s publicity reflect a symbolic logic traceable to a national imaginary of Norwegian exceptionalism. By interpretively aligning the use of negative space in Memory Wound with the muting of Breivik as a media event, we investigate the prescriptive force of symbols to inculcate world views. Specifically, we attend to the foreclosure of “prosthetic memory,” which through media circulation allows people to engage with memory that is not primarily theirs. We acknowledge the possibility of empathy across difference that Landsberg ascribes to prosthetic memory; however, we insist that the circumstances under which solidarity might be rejected must be considered. With a dual case study, we offer a perspective on enduring assumptions about cultural identity and the rise of rightwing extremism in Northern Europe.
The Paternal Function in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Wooldridge Tom
Published: April 2021

The role of the father, both flesh-and-blood and symbolic, is explored in a subset of families of patients with anorexia nervosa. In these families the mother’s narcissistic investment in her child makes separation-individuation difficult. A factor potentially influencing whether the child goes on to develop anorexia nervosa is the strength of the paternal function, which optimally helps the child learn how to appropriately deploy his aggression in the service of separation-individuation and as a means of developing “the experience of agency”: the phenomenological experience of oneself as having an intentional impact. The role of the paternal function in developing the experience of agency is illuminated by the metaphor of rough-and-tumble play, which encapsulates the kind of experience with early objects that facilitates or forecloses the child’s capacity for experiencing agency. In the families of these patients, the father is frequently described as passive or absent and the paternal function as compromised, which arguably leads the anorexic-to-be to relegate his experience of agency to his body, which he subjugates through omnipotent control.
Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Kajmolli Agon , Smiley Abbas , McGuirk Matthew , Gachabayov Mahir , Bodin Roxana , Latifi Rifat
Published: April 2021

The aim of our study was to determine whether patients with neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤1,500 cells/µL) had higher rates of surgical site infection after elective abdominal wall reconstruction. This was a case series from a prospective complex abdominal wall reconstruction cohort describing the surgical outcomes of 4 neutropenic patients (ANC ≤1,500 cells/µL) within 48 hours of index operation. Median age was 55 years, 3 patients were female. All patients had liver cirrhosis as a comorbidity: 2 patients as a result of alcohol abuse and 2 patients secondary to cryptogenic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, respectively. All patients underwent a posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release and retro-rectus biologic mesh. None of the 4 patients developed a surgical site infection 90 days postoperatively. Complex abdominal wall reconstruction in neutropenic patients could be safe.
Intercostal Hernia due to Forceful Coughing With Protrusion of the Lung
Authors: El-Farra Mohamed H. , Ali Mir Wasif , Hasaniya Nahidh
Published: April 2021

Intercostal herniation is an abnormal protrusion of lung tissue through the boundaries of the thoracic cavity. It is commonly seen after chest trauma or thoracic surgery but rarely occurs spontaneously. We report a male patient who presented with an intercostal herniation after vigorous coughing for over 2 weeks. Treatment of post-coughing intercostal hernias is either conservative management or surgical intervention, which is dictated by the signs, symptoms, site, and presence of strangulation.
The Surgeon’s Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Initial Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New Orleans
Authors: Vu Tung V. , Alongi Ashlyn M. , Chow Christopher , Brinster Clayton J. , Brown Russell E. , Fuhrman George , Money Samuel R.
Published: April 2021

Surgeons who care for patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection represent a unique population of health care providers whose risk of infection has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to examine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among surgeons who cared for patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to other employees within our health care system and also the general public of New Orleans. 105 surgeons at our facilities provided direct surgical care to patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection and underwent voluntary antibody testing. 2/105 (1.9% CI .2%-6.7%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. 13 343 hospital employees underwent antibody testing and 1066/13 343 (8.0% CI 7.5%-8.5%) tested positive (1.9% vs. 8.0%; P = .03). We saw a significantly lower SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among surgeons who directly cared for infected patients versus other hospital employees. When compared to community seroprevalence (6.9% CI 6.0%-8.0%), seroprevalence among our surgeons is also significantly lower (1.9% vs. 6.9%; P = .04).
Severe Referred Shoulder Pain Following Revision Fundoplication From a Stich on the Diaphragm
Authors: Gale Kevin J. , Sanchez Santana , Sorenson Thomas J. , Elftmann Todd D.
Published: April 2021

Complications following fundoplication surgery for hiatal hernias are rare. Herein, we present the case of a 61-year-old woman who underwent a Nissen fundoplication, complicated by dysphagia, and a revision modified Toupet fundoplication for a hiatal hernia, after which she began to experience severe prandial referred left shoulder pain that was refractory to medical management. We hypothesized that a diaphragmatic suture placed during the revision fundoplication could be the source of the pain, and we elected to remove the suture, resulting in resolution of the pain. This pain remained resolved at the most recent follow-up on postoperative week six, and the patient had no further concerns.
Rethinking Multicultural Counseling Competence: An Introduction to the Major Contribution
Authors: Mollen Debra , Ridley Charles R.
Published: April 2021

In this introductory article of the Major Contribution, we explore the construct of multicultural counseling competence, particularly its inception and the early social movements from which it evolved. We posit that although the intentions of early pioneers and professional organizations were admirable and the subsequent body of work impressive, progress has stalled. A conceptual and operational impasse now impedes advancement of the discourse and ultimately hinders our ability to adequately serve clients, supervisees, and consultees who are the beneficiaries of our efforts. In this article, we lay the foundation for an analysis of the impasse, a proposal for an alternative model of the construct, and a case conceptualization that demonstrates usage of the model. We conclude by providing an overview of the Major Contribution, including a synopsis of the subsequent three articles and our intention to rejuvenate this dialogue with our colleagues and students.
Multicultural Counseling Competence: A Construct in Search of Operationalization
Authors: Ridley Charles R. , Mollen Debra , Console Katie , Yin Caroliina
Published: April 2021

The work of many great scholars has proliferated a sizable body of knowledge on the construct of multicultural counseling competence. However, the construct’s operationalization remains obscured, perplexing, and frustrating to practitioners who attempt to translate the scholarship into practice. We identify ten definitional problems that prevent the construct from evolving into a cohesive form that can inform practitioners’ work. These include: an indistinct purpose, culturally general/culturally specific divide, terminological interchange, confusing competency with competence, lack of integration, no definition, ambiguity, equivocation, circular reasoning, and divergence. Furthermore, the three major models of the construct—skills-based, adaptation, and process-oriented—share six limitations. They lack interdependence, prescriptive methods, deep incorporation of culture, coherent designs, conclusive research support, and they are oversimplifications. We call on the community of our fellow scholars to collaborate in reconceptualizing this complex construct into a sound, applicable guide for practitioners’ work with diverse clients.
A Call to the Profession: Rejuvenating the Multicultural Conversation
Authors: Ridley Charles R. , Console Katie , Sahu Ankita , Yin Caroliina , Mollen Debra
Published: April 2021

In this rejoinder, the authors respond to the feedback and suggestions offered by Vandiver et al. (2021). We clarify that the intent of our Major Contribution is to rejuvenate the conversation regarding multicultural counseling competence, continue the quest to operationalize the construct, and propose the process model of multicultural counseling competence. In response to our colleagues’ reaction article, we organized this rejoinder into three sections: major points of agreement, major points of disagreement, and mixed points of view, before concluding again with our intention and remembering the importance of continuing the work.
Is Multicultural Counseling Competence Outdated or Underdeveloped, or in Need of Refinement? A Response to Ridley et al.
Authors: Vandiver Beverly J. , Delgado-Romero Edward A. , Liu William Ming
Published: April 2021

This paper provides a response to Ridley et al.’s Major Contribution on the state of multicultural counseling competence (MCC) and their proposed refinement and extension of this construct. They pose the following multiprong question: “Is multicultural counseling competence becoming outdated and supplanted, or is it underdeveloped and in need of refinement?” We use this question to examine the MCC model that Ridley et al. have proposed in this Major Contribution. We summarize and critique each paper, and close with our own conclusions about the above question. We are concerned that the characteristics of the clinicians seem to be secondary to MCC. We also question the lack of focus on the sociopolitical context and the limited inclusion of diverse scholarship in creating a universal MCC model.
Experiences and emotional strain of NHS frontline workers during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Newman Kristina L , Jeve Yadava , Majumder Pallab
Published: April 2021

Background:

The mental health of the population has been negatively affected due to the pandemic. Frontline healthcare workers with increased exposure to COVID diagnosis, treatment and care were especially likely to report psychological burden, fear, anxiety and depression.

Aim:

To elicit how working as a health professional during the pandemic is impacting on the psychological wellbeing of frontline staff.

Method:

United Kingdom population of healthcare workers were approached by advertising the survey via social media, NHS trusts and other organisations. Open-ended survey answers were qualitatively explored using content analysis.

Results:

Survey collected data from 395 NHS staff was developed into three themes; (1) Despair and uncertainty: feeling overwhelmed trying to protect everyone, (2) Behavioural and psychological impact: affecting wellbeing and functioning and (3) Coping and employer support: getting the right help.

Conclusion:

NHS staff felt enormous burden to adequately complete their professional, personal and civil responsibility to keep everyone safe leading to negative psychological and behavioural consequences and desire for NHS employers to offer better support. As the pandemic progresses, the results of this study may inform NHS employers on how optimum support can be offered to help them cope with negative psychological consequences of the pandemic.
Why are Politically Active People Avoided in Countries with Collectivistic Culture? A Cross-Cultural Experiment
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro , Miura Asako , Madrid-Morales Dani , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

Although most democratic theories assume that political participation other than voting constitutes an essential input to the political process, little is known about the cultural universality of this assumption. Drawing on cultural psychology findings derived from the widely shared framework of collectivism versus individualism, the present study tests the hypothesis that political demonstrators in collectivistic countries are socially avoided because they are perceived to be a threat to harmonious interpersonal relationships. A cross-national experiment in eight countries (US, UK, France, Germany, Japan, China, South Korea, and India) and one region (Hong Kong) indicated that political demonstrators are socially avoided, and this tendency was significantly stronger in collectivistic countries. Moderated-mediation analyses suggested that the social avoidance of political demonstrators in collectivistic countries is mediated by the perception that they are a threat to harmonious interpersonal relationships. The cross-cultural validity of democratic theory is discussed.
Effects of Interventions Using Virtual Manipulatives for Students With Learning Disabilities: A Synthesis of Single-Case Research
Authors: Park Jiyeon , Bryant Diane P. , Shin Mikyung
Published: April 2021

Virtual manipulatives are interactive and dynamic visual objects on a screen, which allow students to manipulate them to construct mathematical knowledge. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the literature on interventions that used virtual manipulatives to improve the mathematics performance of K–12 students with learning disabilities. A total of 19 single-case design studies (16 peer-reviewed articles and three dissertations) were selected using specific selection criteria. Overall, students with learning disabilities demonstrated mathematical improvement after receiving interventions involving virtual manipulatives. Although many students with learning disabilities maintained and generalized the intervention effects, further research is required to verify the current findings.
Skill-Biased Liberalization: Germany’s Transition to the Knowledge Economy
Authors: Diessner Sebastian , Durazzi Niccolo , Hope David
Published: April 2021

This article conceptualizes the evolution of the German political economy as the codevelopment of technological and institutional change. The notion of skill-biased liberalization is introduced to capture this process and contrasted with the two dominant theoretical frameworks employed in contemporary comparative political economy scholarship—dualization and liberalization. Integrating theories from labor economics, the article argues that the increasing centrality of high skills complementary in production to information and communications technology has weakened the traditional complementarity among specific skills, regulated industrial relations, and generous social protection in core sectors. The liberalization of industrial relations and social protection is shown in fact to be instrumental for high-end exporting firms to concentrate wages and benefits on increasingly important high-skilled workers. Strong evidence based on descriptive statistics, union and industry documents, and twenty-one elite interviews is found in support of the article’s alternative perspective.
The Effect of Frames on Personal Narratives of Bullying Memories
Authors: Stark Abigail M. , Tousignant Olivia H. , Fireman Gary D.
Published: April 2021

Research demonstrates the malleability of memory; a dynamic process that occurs across development and can be influenced by internal and external frames. Narratives of past experiences represent one modality of understanding how memories are influenced by these frames. The present experimental study examines how memories of bullying are affected by two distinct yet common cultural frames. College students ( n = 92) were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one with a definition of bullying framing the experience in terms of resilience and one framing it in terms of negative psychosocial effects. Participants then wrote about a remembered experience with bullying. The researchers coded the narratives for coping strategies used in response to bullying as well as for positive or negative emotion words and story endings. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups in the ways bullying experiences were remembered and described. Participants in the Resiliency Group more often had positive endings to their bullying narratives and used more coping skills and positive emotion words overall. The implications of a subtle frame influencing memories of bullying and its relation to development, identity, social order, peer relationships, and resilience are discussed.
Prevalence of Face Mask Wearing in Northern Vermont in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Beckage Brian , Buckley Thomas E. , Beckage Maegan E.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Information on the prevalence of face mask use to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is needed to model disease spread and to assess the effectiveness of policies that encourage face mask use. We sought to (1) estimate the prevalence of face mask use in northern Vermont and (2) assess the effect of age and sex on the likelihood of face mask use.

Methods

We monitored the entrances to public businesses and visually assessed age, sex, and face mask use. We collected 1004 observations during May 16-30, 2020. We calculated estimates of overall face mask use and odds ratios (ORs) for effects by age and sex.

Results

Of 1004 observations, 758 (75.5%) sampled people used a face mask. Our census-weighted estimate was 74.1%. A higher percentage of females than males wore face masks (83.8% vs 67.6%). The odds of face mask use were lower among males than among females (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73). Face mask use generally decreased with decreasing age: 91.4% among adults aged >60, 70.7% among adults aged 26-60, 74.8% among people aged 15-25, and 53.3% among people aged ≤14. The OR of an adult aged >60 wearing a face mask was 14.70 times higher, for young people aged 15-25 was 2.72 times higher, and for adults aged 26-60 was 2.99 times higher than for people aged ≤14. Females aged >60 had the highest percentage of face mask use (96.3%) and males aged ≤14 had the lowest (43.8%).

Conclusions

Educational efforts promoting the use of face masks should be targeted at males and younger age groups to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Attitudes and beliefs of Spanish healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Santana López Borja Nicolás , Santana-Padilla Yeray G. , González-Martín Jesús M. , Santana-Cabrera Luciano
Published: April 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals are taking the risk of becoming infected or infecting their families. Spain is the country with the highest number of infected healthcare professionals worldwide. Our aim was to study the attitudes and beliefs of these professionals during the current pandemic. Descriptive study conducted by using an online questionnaire—based on an earlier one—which was sent to healthcare professionals at the national level, during the week March 20-27, 2020. Healthcare professionals returned 971 completed questionnaires. A total of 803 (82.7%) participants thought that they did not have suitable PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment) to protect them from infection with COVID-19. In addition, even 229 (23.58%) agreed to go on working even if they were not. In spite of this, 606 (62.4%) of them were ready to work, even with a higher-than-usual risk of becoming infected at work and getting ill. Remarkably high professional commitment has been observed among Spanish healthcare workers in the current pandemic. They were ready to work even when many of them considered that they did not have suitable PPEs, and were thus taking a higher than usual infection risk. However, they put the health of their relatives before their duties at work.
Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation inhibits hypothalamic P2Y1R expression and attenuates weight gain without decreasing food intake in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Authors: Yu Yutian , He Xun , Zhang Jinling , Tang Chunzhi , Rong Peijing
Published: April 2021

Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats that harbor a mutation in the leptin receptor innately develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) with obesity. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) has an antidiabetic effect in ZDF rats. However, the underlying mechanisms of the weight-gain attenuating effect in ZDF rats by taVNS is still unclear. This study aimed to assess whether the weight-gain attenuating effect of taVNS in ZDF rats is associated with changes in the central nervous system (CNS) expression of P2Y1 receptors (P2Y1R). Adult male ZDF rats were subjected to taVNS and transcutaneous non-vagal nerve stimulation (tnVNS). Their food intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. P2Y1R expression in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus was evaluated by western blotting. Hypothalamic P2Y1R expressing cells were detected using immunohistochemistry. Naïve ZDF rats were much heavier ( p < 0.05) than their lean littermates (ZL rats), with elevated hypothalamic P2Y1R expression ( p < 0.05). Further, taVNS but not tnVNS attenuated weight gain ( p < 0.05) without decreasing food intake ( p > 0.05) and suppressed hypothalamic P2Y1R expression in ZDF rats ( p < 0.05). Moreover, P2Y1R showed major expression in astrocytes of ZDF rats’ hypothalamus. ZDF rats innately develop obesity associated with elevated hypothalamic P2Y1R expression. taVNS attenuates weight gain in ZDF rats without changes in food intake, suggesting increased energy expenditure. Whether the reduced hypothalamic P2Y1R expression in response to taVNS is mechanistically linked to the increased energy expenditure remains to be determined.
Evaluating farmer's satisfaction of different agrotextile bunch covers using desirability function
Authors: Guedri Wafa , Jaoudi Mounir , Msahli Slah
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with an evaluation of farmer's satisfaction of agrotextile as a date bunch cover using global quality index. Referring to literature studies, desirability function remains an appropriate method that allows a level of flexibility over graphical tool in defining and evaluating quality. The application of desirability function is discussed and investigated. Using a statistical survey based on Tunisian farmers, it was concluded that ideal bagging product depends on date bunch requirements, weight and goal of each individual agrotextile cover's property. Based on a comparative analysis, the desirability function remains sufficient to objectively classify different bags for protection of date palm. Useful index values have been found and can be used by farmers or industries to accurately predict the quality of date bunch cover and to select the best supplier to launch the needed order. In this work, the fabrics that have been considered are woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics. Nonwoven products are used for the first time in the palm field and have been evaluated in this paper. The results show that nonwoven products were closer to the desired performance compared to knitted and woven fabrics.
Design of an optimal preview controller for linear discrete-time periodic systems
Authors: Sun Mengyuan , Liao Fucheng , Deng Jiamei
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the preview tracking control problem for linear discrete-time periodic systems is considered. First, to overcome the difficulty arising from periodicity of the system, the linear discrete-time periodic system is transformed into an ordinary time-invariant system by lifting method. Secondly, the difference between a system state and its steady-state value is used to derive an augmented system instead of the usual difference between system states. Then, the preview controller for the augmented system is proposed by the preview control theory, which solves the preview tracking control problem for the periodic systems. Moreover, an integrator is introduced to ensure that the output can track the reference signal without static error. Finally, the obtained results are illustrated by the simulation examples.
Global exponential stabilization of a quadrotor by hybrid control
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Hamed , Pariz Naser , Hosseini Sani Seyed Kamal
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a hybrid controller for global attitude tracking of a quadrotor. This controller globally exponentially stabilizes the desired attitude, a task that is impossible to accomplish with memoryless discontinuous or continuous state feedback owing to topological obstruction. Thereafter, this paper presents a new centrally synergistic potential function to construct hybrid feedback that defeats the topological obstruction. This function induces a gradient vector field to globally asymptotically stabilize the reference attitude and produces the synergy gap to generate a switching control law. The proposed control structure is consisting of two major parts. In the first part, a synergetic controller is designed to cooperate with the hybrid controller, whereas it exponentially stabilizes the origin of the error dynamics. In the second part, a hybrid controller is introduced to globally stabilize the attitude of the quadrotor, where an average dwell constraint is considered with the switching control law to guarantee the exponential stability of the switched system. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control technique are validated by a comparative analysis in simulations.
Targeted Wellness Initiatives Are Most Effective for Reducing Otolaryngology Resident Burnout
Authors: Acevedo Joseph R. , Schlacter Jamie A. , Chambers Tamara N. , Jacobson Lia K. , Yalamanchili Ronica , Clark Bhavishya , Pan Dorothy , Kokot Niels C. , Johns Michael M.
Published: April 2021

Objective:

Investigate the effect of a targeted wellness program on burnout in Otolaryngology residents.

Methods:

Residents and faculty collaboratively developed a program aimed at improving resident wellness. Program implementation began in July of 2018 and after 1 year, residents evaluated the program’s effects on burnout. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a Likert scale to evaluate the effects of the program.

Results:

After 1 year of the resident wellness program, the MBI results showed an increase in the number of residents in the “engaged” category and a decrease in those rated as “burnout.” Residents rated favorably initiatives grouped into the following themes: time away from work, faculty engaging with residents outside of the hospital environment, efforts to enhance residents’ self-efficacy, fostering a positive culture among residents, and providing easy access to physical activity. The majority of initiatives were targeted to the “culture of wellness” domain, as defined by the Stanford Well MD framework. Our program targeted to a lesser extent the other 2 domains, “efficiency of practice” and “personal resilience.”

Conclusion:

After 1 year, the wellness program resulted in a trend toward improving burnout. Future efforts should be focused on targeting the multidimensional drivers of burnout as defined by established wellness frameworks. Realizing new stressors brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic will also be an area of active effort and research.
Cochlear Implantation Following Explorative Tympanotomy in Patients With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Surgical Features and Audiological Outcomes
Authors: Rupp Robin , Hornung Joachim , Balk Matthias , Sievert Matti , Müller Sarina , Hoppe Ulrich , Iro Heinrich , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To investigate the anatomical status of the round window niche and hearing outcome of cochlear implantation (CI) after explorative tympanotomy (ExT) with sealing of the round window membrane in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss at a tertiary referral medical center.

Methods:

Between January 1, 2007, and July 30, 2020, 1602 patients underwent CI at our department. Out of these, all patients previously treated by ExT with sealing of the round window membrane because of unilateral sudden hearing loss were included in the study. A retrospective chart review was conducted concerning method of round window membrane sealing, intraoperative findings during CI, postoperative imaging, and hearing results.

Results:

Twenty one patients (9 females; 8 right ears; 54.3 years [± 12.9 years]) underwent ExT with sealing of the round window membrane with subsequent CI after 26.6 months (± 32.9 mo) on average. During CI, in 76% of cases (n = 16), the round window niche was blocked by connective tissue due to the previous intervention but could be removed completely in all cases. The connective tissue itself and its removal had no detrimental effects on the round window membrane. Postoperative computed tomography scan showed no electrode dislocation. Mean postoperative word recognition score after 3 months was 57.4% (± 17.2%) and improved significantly to 73.1% (± 16.4%, P = .005) after 2 years.

Conclusion:

Performing CI after preceding ExT, connective tissue has to be expected blocking the round window niche. Remaining tissue can be removed safely and does not alter the round window membrane allowing for a proper electrode insertion. Short- and long-term hearing results are satisfactory. Consequently, ExT with sealing of the round window membrane in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss does not impede subsequent CI that can still be performed safely.
I Care About Your Plight, But Only If I Like Your Leader: The Effect of National Leaders’ Perceived Personality on Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior Towards Their Citizenry
Authors: Balmas Meital , Halperin Eran
Published: April 2021

People’s default levels of empathy toward members of a distant group tend to be low. The current research shows that favorable perceptions regarding the personality of a group’s leader can stimulate empathy and pro-social behavior toward his or her countrymen. In four experimental studies ( N = 884), we found that exposure to a news article that positively (vs. negatively) characterizes a foreign national leader (vs. non-national leader) led to (a) increased levels of empathy toward distressed citizens of that leader’s nation, (b) willingness to help those citizens, (c) motivation to invest time in inspecting additional information elucidating the circumstances that led to this adversity, and (d) an actual monetary donation for the benefit of those people. This effect turned out to be prominent when the national leader’s domestic popularity was perceived as high. The results show that national leaders are in a position to contribute to more empathetic inter-society relations and enhance pro-social behavior.
Practitioners’ Attitudes and Perceptions Toward the Use of Augmented and Virtual Reality Technologies in the Education of Students With Disabilities
Authors: Yakubova Gulnoza , Kellems Ryan O. , Chen Briella Baer , Cusworth Zackery
Published: April 2021

This study surveyed school professionals about their perceptions and attitudes toward using AR and VR in their work with children with disabilities. Survey data were collected from 257 participants in 45 states across the United States and from the Philippines. The findings indicated that very few practitioners used AR ( n = 26) or VR ( n = 19) in their practices, with nine participants using both AR and VR. Most of the participants who used AR or VR received training or had knowledge of how to use the technology and had technical support available. Similarly, the majority of the participants who did not use AR or VR reported a lack of training or knowledge of how to use the technology and a lack of financial resources. Participants who reported using AR were significantly younger than those who reported that they did not use AR, but there were no other significant differences between the groups.
Retirement and Social Activities in Japan: Does Age Moderate the Association?
Authors: Kobayashi Erika , Sugawara Ikuko , Fukaya Taro , Okamoto Shohei , Liang Jersey
Published: April 2021

Although retirement age is increasing in aging societies, its impact on individuals and communities is unclear. This study examined how age moderates the linkage between transition into retirement and participation in productive and non-productive social activities after retirement, using a nationwide longitudinal survey with a probability sample of Japanese aged 60 and over ( n = 3,493). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to predict changes in volunteering and hobbies/learning during 3–5 years of follow-up and their participation level at the follow-up. The significant interactions between change in work status (remained working as reference, full/partial retirement, remained not-working) and age at baseline showed that fully retired persons were more likely to increase these activities than remained workers only when they retired by their early seventies. Thus it is important to encourage engagement in social activities before retirement and remove psychological and environmental barriers that hinder starting new activities at old age.
A guided latent Dirichlet allocation approach to investigate real-time latent topics of Twitter data during Hurricane Laura
Authors: Zhou Sulong , Kan Pengyu , Huang Qunying , Silbernagel Janet
Published: April 2021

Natural disasters cause significant damage, casualties and economical losses. Twitter has been used to support prompt disaster response and management because people tend to communicate and spread information on public social media platforms during disaster events. To retrieve real-time situational awareness (SA) information from tweets, the most effective way to mine text is using natural language processing (NLP). Among the advanced NLP models, the supervised approach can classify tweets into different categories to gain insight and leverage useful SA information from social media data. However, high-performing supervised models require domain knowledge to specify categories and involve costly labelling tasks. This research proposes a guided latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) workflow to investigate temporal latent topics from tweets during a recent disaster event, the 2020 Hurricane Laura. With integration of prior knowledge, a coherence model, LDA topics visualisation and validation from official reports, our guided approach reveals that most tweets contain several latent topics during the 10-day period of Hurricane Laura. This result indicates that state-of-the-art supervised models have not fully utilised tweet information because they only assign each tweet a single label. In contrast, our model can not only identify emerging topics during different disaster events but also provides multilabel references to the classification schema. In addition, our results can help to quickly identify and extract SA information to responders, stakeholders and the general public so that they can adopt timely responsive strategies and wisely allocate resource during Hurricane events.