bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Threats to Rearing Juvenile Chinook Salmon from Nonnative Smallmouth Bass Inferred from Stable Isotope and Fatty Acid Biomarkers
Authors: Rubenson Erika S. , Lawrence David J. , Olden Julian D.
Published: April 2020

Nonnative Smallmouth BassMicropterus dolomieuare increasingly sympatric with juvenile spring Chinook SalmonOncorhynchus tshawytschain the rivers of western North America. Understanding the potential effects of introduced Smallmouth Bass is essential to efficiently direct salmon management efforts, especially given the potential for upstream range expansion of Smallmouth Bass in response to the climate‐induced warming that many rivers may experience. However, the predatory and competitive threats of Smallmouth Bass to juvenile salmonids remain largely unexamined, particularly in salmon rearing areas. To address this knowledge gap, we collected stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acid data to assess the trophic role of Smallmouth Bass in the upstream reaches of the North Fork John Day River, a tributary of the Columbia River where the upstream invasion extent of Smallmouth Bass co‐occurs with the native predator Northern Pikeminnow and river‐rearing juvenile Chinook Salmon. We found that Smallmouth Bass and Northern Pikeminnow occupy divergent dietary niches, and there was little evidence of a strong predation or competition threat to juvenile Chinook Salmon from either predator. In addition, we found a disproportionate reliance on autochthonous resources across the entire community and low isotopic uniqueness, suggesting potential competition among the broader fish community given the scarcity of resources. Importantly, this study focused on the overlap between the upstream‐most habitats of encroaching Smallmouth Bass and downstream‐most habitats of juvenile Chinook Salmon. Therefore, the relative scarcity of rearing salmon in comparison with other available prey in this zone may limit current predation threats. The results from this study help guide resource‐limited managers that are tasked with conserving and restoring native salmonid populations.
Whitehead’s principle
Authors: Blumson Ben , Singh Manikaran ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2020

According to Whitehead's rectified principle, two individuals are connected just in case there is something self-connected which overlaps both of them, and every part of which overlaps one of them. Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi have offered a counterexample to the principle, consisting of an individual which has no self-connected parts. But since atoms are self-connected, Casati and Varzi's counterexample presupposes the possibility of gunk or, in other words, things which have no atoms as parts. So one may still wonder whether Whitehead's rectified principle follows from the assumption of atomism. This paper presents an atomic countermodel to show the answer is no.
Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID‐19
Authors: Kalafat E. , Yaprak E. , Cinar G. , Varli B. , Ozisik S. , Uzun C. , Azap A. , Koc A.
Published: April 2020

Imaging modalities play a crucial role in the management of suspected COVID‐19 patients. Before reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test results are positive, 60–93% of patients have positive chest computed tomographic (CT) findings consistent with COVID‐19. We report a case of positive lung ultrasound findings consistent with COVID‐19 in a woman with an initially negative RT‐PCR result. The lung ultrasound‐imaging findings were present between the negative and subsequent positive RT‐PCR tests and correlated with CT findings. The point‐of‐care lung‐ultrasound examination was easy to perform and, as such, could play an important role in the triage of women with suspected COVID‐19. The neonatal swabs, cord blood and placental swab RT‐PCR tests were negative for SARS‐CoV‐2, a finding consistent with the published literature suggesting no vertical transmission of this virus in pregnant women. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A note on chiral trace relations from qq-characters
Authors: Jeong Saebyeok , Zhang Xinyu
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We study chiral operators in four-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetric gauge theories. We provide a general procedure to derive the exact relations among the vacuum expectation values of chiral operators in the Ω-background using the non-perturbative Dyson-Schwinger equations of qq-characters. We demonstrate our procedure using several examples. For pure SU(N ) gauge theory and SU(N ) gauge theory with 2N fundamental hypermultiplets, we verify the relations conjectured previously in the literature. We also briefly discuss the relations in SU(N) linear superconformal quiver gauge theories.
The motivation and status of two-body resonance decays after the LHC Run 2 and beyond
Authors: Kim Jeong Han , Kong Kyoungchul , Nachman Benjamin , Whiteson Daniel
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Searching for two-body resonance decays is a central component of the high energy physics energy frontier research program. While many of the possibilities are covered when the two bodies are Standard Model (SM) particles, there are still significant gaps. If one or both of the bodies are themselves non-SM particles, there is very little coverage from existing searches. We review the status of two-body searches and motivate the need to search for the missing combinations. It is likely that the search program of the future will be able to cover all possibilities with a combination of dedicated and model agnostic search approaches.
Longitudinal changes in the dental arches and soft tissue profile of untreated subjects with normal occlusion
Authors: Stern Sarah , Finke Hannah , Strosinski Marlon , Mueller-Hagedorn Silvia , McNamara James A , Stahl Franka
Published: April 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyze dental and soft tissue profile development in children with normal occlusions to establish age- and gender-specific reference intervals for German children during their active growth period.

Subjects and methods

The study group consisted of a sample of 31 untreated Caucasian subjects with normal occlusions. Dental casts were analyzed at four different stages of dentitional development. Extraoral profile photographs were available for 19 subjects at stages T2–T4. In these subjects 11 angular measurements and 14 indices were analyzed. Statistical comparisons of gender-specific differences were performed by Mann–Whitney U tests (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

Upper and lower posterior and total arch perimeters were recorded to be significantly larger in male subjects until the late mixed dentition. Subsequently, there was a tendency toward larger dimensions in males for those parameters. Upper and lower intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths were significantly larger in males throughout the entire observation period. There were no statistically significant gender differences with regard to most angular measurements in the dental arches, including molar rotation, palatal volume, overbite, overjet and molar relationship at later dental stages.

Conclusion

In untreated subjects with normal occlusion, dental arch and soft tissue parameters can be considered age-dependent. For some dental parameters, gender-specific differences were found that should be taken into consideration during diagnosis and treatment planning of growing children. The obtained longitudinal data of untreated children provide useful information for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and future research projects.
The value of prebiopsy FDG-PET/CT in discriminating malignant from benign vertebral bone lesions in a predominantly oncologic population
Authors: Loudini Naila , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Jutte Paul C. , Yakar Derya , Kwee Thomas C.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To determine the value of prebiopsy 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) in discriminating malignant from benign vertebral bone lesions.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 53 patients with 55 vertebral bone lesions that underwent FDG-PET/CT before CT-guided biopsy. Pathologic examination of the biopsy sample and a minimum follow-up of 1 year were used as reference standard.

Results

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of visual FDG-PET analysis (with lesion FDG uptake higher than liver FDG uptake as threshold for malignancy) in discriminating malignant from benign vertebral bone lesions were 91.3% (42/46), 22.2% (2/9), 85.7% (42/49), and 33.3% (2/6), respectively. The semiquantitative FDG-PET metrics SUVmax and SUVpeak achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.630 and 0.671, respectively. Malignant lesions demonstrated bone lysis more frequently than benign lesions (60.9% (28/46) vs. 22.2% (2/9)), and this difference was nearly significant (P = 0.064). All other clinical and conventional imaging characteristics (including patient age, gender, previous diagnosis of malignancy, bone pain, weight loss, any CT abnormality, sclerosis, cortical destruction, bone marrow replacement, associated extraosseous soft tissue mass, and accompanying vertebral height loss, multiple bone lesions on FDG-PET/CT, and suspicious extraosseous lesions on FDG-PET/CT) were not significantly different (P = 0.143 to 1.000).

Conclusion

FDG-PET/CT may steer the diagnosis (particularly thanks to a relatively high PPV and value of semiquantitative measurements), but cannot always classify vertebral bone lesions as malignant or benign with sufficient certainty. In these cases, biopsy and/or follow-up remain necessary to establish a final diagnosis.
Development and validation of a recommended checklist for assessment of surgical videos quality: the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) video assessment tool
Authors: Celentano Valerio , Smart Neil , Cahill Ronan A. , Spinelli Antonino , Giglio Mariano Cesare , McGrath John , Obermair Andreas , Pellino Gianluca , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Lal Pawanindra , Lorenzon Laura , De Angelis Nicola , Boni Luigi , Gupta Sharmila , Griffith John P. , Acheson Austin G. , Cecil Tom D. , Coleman Mark G.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

There has been a constant increase in the number of published surgical videos with preference for open-access sources, but the proportion of videos undergoing peer-review prior to publication has markedly decreased, raising questions over quality of the educational content presented. The aim of this study was the development and validation of a standard framework for the appraisal of surgical videos submitted for presentation and publication, the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) video assessment tool.

Methods

An international committee identified items for inclusion in the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool and finalised the marking score utilising Delphi methodology. The tool was finally validated by anonymous evaluation of selected videos by a group of validators not involved in the tool development.

Results

9 items were included in the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool, with every item scoring from 0 (item not presented in the video) to 2 (item extensively presented in the video), with a total marking score ranging from 0 to 18. The LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool resulted highly accurate in identifying and selecting videos for acceptance for conference presentation and publication, with high level of internal consistency and generalisability.

Conclusions

We propose that peer review in adherence to the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool could enhance the overall quality of published video outputs.

Graphic Abstract
Die tiefe Hirnstimulation
Authors: Treven Marco , Brücke Christof
Published: April 2020

Die tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) ist ein Behandlungsverfahren, bei dem über implantierte Stimulationselektroden im Nervengewebe von tiefer gelegenen Strukturen des Gehirns Stromimpulse abgegeben werden. Über eine Veränderung der Nervenzellaktivität kann damit eine Besserung von Symptomen erzielt werden. Bei weltweit bereits über 160.000 implantierten Aggregaten, in den meisten Fällen zur Behandlung eines M. Parkinson, gibt es mittlerweile gute Evidenz zu den Indikationen, den zu erwartenden klinischen Effekten und den Risiken. Dadurch ergibt sich ein klares Profil von Patienten, die für eine tiefe Hirnstimulation infrage kommen. Auch bei anderen Bewegungsstörungen, wie zum Beispiel Tremor und Dystonien, aber auch bei Patienten mit Epilepsie, kann eine tiefe Hirnstimulation angewendet werden. Bei anderen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen gibt es Berichte über positive Effekte, wobei das Verfahren je nach Indikation als mehr oder weniger experimentell zu betrachten ist. In dem folgenden Aufsatz soll ein Überblick über das Verfahren, die Wirkmechanismen und die technischen Weiterentwicklungen gegeben werden. Im zweiten Teil werden einzelne Indikationen dar- und beispielhafte Fälle vorgestellt.
Convergent upper bounds in global minimization with nonlinear equality constraints
Authors: Füllner Christian , Kirst Peter , Stein Oliver
Published: April 2020

We address the problem of determining convergent upper bounds in continuous non-convex global minimization of box-constrained problems with equality constraints. These upper bounds are important for the termination of spatial branch-and-bound algorithms. Our method is based on the theorem of Miranda which helps to ensure the existence of feasible points in certain boxes. Then, the computation of upper bounds at the objective function over those boxes yields an upper bound for the globally minimal value. A proof of convergence is given under mild assumptions. An extension of our approach to problems including inequality constraints is possible.
Acute success and safety of the second-generation PVAC GOLD phased RF ablation catheter for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Klaver M. N. , Wintgens L. I. S. , Wijffels M. C. E. F. , Balt J. C. , van Dijk V. F. , Alipour A. , Chaldoupi S. M. , Derksen R. , Boersma L. V. A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The second-generation multi-electrode catheter, pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) GOLD, was designed to improve the delivery of phased radiofrequency energy and reduce procedure times using a ‘single-shot’ approach for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), while retaining efficacy and safety. This large registry presents acute success rates and safety outcomes in a daily practice setting.

Methods

A total of 1017 patients undergoing first-time ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) using PVAC GOLD were included, 644 patients with paroxysmal AF and 373 patients with non-paroxysmal AF, divided into 175 patients receiving PVI only and 198 patients receiving PVI with additional substrate modification.

Results

High and comparable percentages of successful PVI could be achieved in all groups (98%, 95% and 99%; p = 0.108). The median total procedure time for all groups was 90 min [70–100]. As expected, the total procedure, ablation and fluoroscopy time were significantly longer in the PVI + substrate modification group compared with the PVI-only cases (all p < 0.001), but not between the PVI-only groups (p = 0.306, p = 0.088, p = 0.233, respectively). A total of 44 complications were observed in 43 patients (4.2%). Major complications were seen in 19 patients (1.87%) and non-major procedure–related complications were seen in 25 patients (2.46%). Complications leaving permanent sequelae were rare and occurred in only four patients (0.39%). Complications did not differ between groups (p = 0.199, p = 0.438, p = 0.240 and p = 0.465 respectively).

Conclusion

PVAC GOLD performs successful PVI, while reducing procedure times and retaining safety for paroxysmal, persistent and long-standing persistent AF. Safety was unaffected by additional substrate modification.
Attenuation of receiver ghosts in variable-depth streamer high-resolution seismic reflection data
Authors: Provenzano Giuseppe , Henstock Timothy J. , Bull Jonathan M. , Bayrakci Gaye
Published: April 2020

Receiver ghosts attenuate marine seismic reflection data at harmonic frequencies that depend on the propagation angle and the streamer depth below the sea surface. The resulting loss of bandwidth is one of the major factors hampering seismic resolution. In near-surface and legacy multi-channel data, receivers depth is often unknown and may vary significantly both along the streamer length and during the survey, making frequency–slowness deghosting techniques unsuitable. In this work, we present a method for the attenuation of receiver ghost reflections in data with an arbitrary streamer depth profile varying during the survey. For each trace, a different deghosting operator is estimated and applied at different two-way-time windows, in order to account for depth-dependent changes in reflection angles. The ghost null frequencies are picked on the time-varying power spectrum via an automatic algorithm, guided by a user-dependent a priori function, and optimised to respect the harmonics’ periodicity. The power of the inverse filter is adjusted by adaptively damping abnormal amplitudes in the deghosted spectra. The algorithm is applied to high-resolution (GI-gun, 20–400 Hz) and ultra-high-resolution (Sparker, 0.2–3.0 kHz) multi-channel datasets, yielding an excellent bandwidth recovery and gain in resolution in the final stacks. Limited computing time and straightforward application make the method widely applicable and cost-effective.
Political Orientation is Associated with Behavior in Public-Goods- and Trust-Games
Authors: Grünhage Thomas , Reuter Martin
Published: April 2020

To examine whether political orientation is reflected in actual behavior, we applied classical paradigms of behavioral economics, namely the Public-Goods- (PGG) and the Trust-Game (TG) which constitute measures of cooperativeness, interpersonal trust and reciprocity respectively in a large German sample of N = 454. Participants intending to vote for right-of-center-parties showed significantly lower monetary transfers in both games than those intending to vote for left-of-center-parties. Accordingly, both scores were negatively associated with self-assessed conservatism and support for policies advocated by Germany’s right-of-center-parties, while showing positive correlations with the support of policies left-of-center-parties advocate. Interestingly, both measures also show distinct correlational patterns with Right-Wing-Authoritarianism and Social-Dominance-Orientation. None of these patterns applied to the Lottery-Game measuring unspecific risk-tolerance. We conclude by discussing potential psychological mechanisms mediating the relationships between ideology and actual social behavior as well as differences in experimental design to explain the deviant pattern of (null-) results in former studies relating ideology to behavior in game-theoretic paradigms.
Bi-criteria parallel batch machine scheduling to minimize total weighted tardiness and electricity cost
Authors: Rocholl Jens , Mönch Lars , Fowler John
Published: April 2020

A bi-criteria scheduling problem for parallel identical batch processing machines in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities is studied. Only jobs belonging to the same family can be batched together. The performance measures are the total weighted tardiness and the electricity cost where a time-of-use (TOU) tariff is assumed. Unequal ready times of the jobs and non-identical job sizes are considered. A mixed integer linear program (MILP) is formulated. We analyze the special case where all jobs have the same size, all due dates are zero, and the jobs are available at time zero. Properties of Pareto-optimal schedules for this special case are stated. They lead to a more tractable MILP. We design three heuristics based on grouping genetic algorithms that are embedded into a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II framework. Three solution representations are studied that allow for choosing start times of the batches to take into account the energy consumption. We discuss a heuristic that improves a given near-to-optimal Pareto front. Computational experiments are conducted based on randomly generated problem instances. The $$ \varepsilon $$
ε
-constraint method is used for both MILP formulations to determine the true Pareto front. For large-sized problem instances, we apply the genetic algorithms (GAs). Some of the GAs provide high-quality solutions.
Exercise and Peak Bone Mass
Authors: Karlsson Magnus K. , Rosengren Björn E.
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review

The main goal of this narrative review is to assess whether physical activity (PA) influences peak bone mass and fracture risk.

Recent findings

Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) show that short-term PA intervention programs in childhood improve the accrual of bone mineral. There are now also long-term controlled PA intervention studies demonstrating that both boys and girls with daily school PA through puberty gain higher bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and greater bone size than boys and girls with school PA 1–2 times/week. These benefits seem to be followed by a gradual reduction in expected fracture rates, so that in children with daily school PA, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) after 8 years is less than half that expected by age.

Daily school PA from before to after puberty is associated with beneficial gains in bone traits and gradually lower relative fracture risk.
The Internet as Cognitive Enhancement
Authors: Voinea Cristina , Vică Constantin , Mihailov Emilian , Savulescu Julian
Published: April 2020

The Internet has been identified in human enhancement scholarship as a powerful cognitive enhancement technology. It offers instant access to almost any type of information, along with the ability to share that information with others. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the enhancement potential of the Internet. We argue that unconditional access to information does not lead to cognitive enhancement. The Internet is not a simple, uniform technology, either in its composition, or in its use. We will look into why the Internet as an informational resource currently fails to enhance cognition. We analyze some of the phenomena that emerge from vast, continual fluxes of information–information overload, misinformation and persuasive design—and show how they could negatively impact users’ cognition. Methods for mitigating these negative impacts are then advanced: individual empowerment, better collaborative systems for sorting and categorizing information, and the use of artificial intelligence assistants that could guide users through the informational space of today’s Internet.
Interfacial Voids Trigger Carbon-Based, All-Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells with Photovoltage Exceeding 1.33 V
Authors: Zhu Weidong , Zhang Zeyang , Chen Dandan , Chai Wenming , Chen Dazheng , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue
Published: April 2020

A novel interface design is proposed for carbon-based, all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by introducing interfacial voids between TiO2 electron transport layer and CsPbIBr2 absorber. Compared with the general interfacial engineering strategies, this design exempts any extra modification layer in final PSC. More importantly, the interfacial voids produced by thermal decomposition of 2-phenylethylammonium iodide trigger three beneficial effects. First, they promote the light scattering in CsPbIBr2 film and thereby boost absorption ability of the resulting CsPbIBr2 PSCs. Second, they suppress recombination of charge carriers and thus reduce dark saturation current density (J0) of the PSCs. Third, interfacial voids enlarge built-in potential (Vbi) of the PSCs, awarding increased driving force for dissociating photo-generated charge carriers. Consequently, the PSC yields the optimized efficiency of 10.20% coupled with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.338 V. The Voc achieved herein represents the best value among CsPbIBr2 PSCs reported earlier. Meanwhile, the non-encapsulated PSCs exhibit an excellent stability against light, thermal, and humidity stresses, since it remains ~ 97% or ~ 94% of its initial efficiency after being heated at 85 °C for 12 h or stored in ambient atmosphere with relative humidity of 30–40% for 60 days, respectively.
Sleep Improvement Effect on Sexual Life Quality Among Rotating Female Shift Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khastar Hossein , Mirrezaie Seyed Mohammad , Chashmi Nooshin Ahmadian , Jahanfar Shayesteh
Published: April 2020

Background

Poor sleep quality consequences among shift working nurses are well recognized.

Aim

To investigate the impact of sleep improvement on sexual quality of life.

Methods

The study was a parallel randomized controlled trial, conducted among 120 female nurses in 2 educational hospitals in the Northeast of Iran, Shahroud. Using random blocks of four, 120 eligible participants were randomly assigned to study groups. Data collecting tools included a demographic data questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality, and the survey of sexual quality of life-female and Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire to evaluate level of sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy, respectively. The intervention consisted of 3 weekly sleep intervention sessions that lasted from 90 to 120 minutes.

Outcomes

The study's primary and secondary outcomes were sleep quality, and the level of sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life, respectively.

Results

By 3-month follow-up, the loss to follow-up rate was 5.9%. The mean sleep quality score was 7.61 ± 2.26 in the recruited participants. Following the intervention, the sleep quality score showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group [mean difference (CI 99.98%), −1.89 (−2.40, −1.38)]. Participants in the intervention group showed modest increases in both measures; sexual self-efficacy [mean difference (CI 99.98%), 8.82 (6.83, 10.81)] and sexual quality of life [mean difference (CI 99.98%), 19.64 (18.08, 21.20)].

Clinical Implications

These findings suggest that sleep improvement could promote the sexual quality of life among shift working nurses.

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths of this study include the use of a validated outcome measure. Focusing the study on female nurses and the small size of the study population are the limitations.

Conclusion

Improved sleep showed an impact on sexual quality of life among rotating female shift workers.
Does ACT-Group Training Improve Cognitive Domain in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? A Single-Arm, Open-Label Study
Authors: Vanzin Laura , Crippa Alessandro , Mauri Valentina , Valli Angela , Mauri Maddalena , Molteni Massimo , Nobile Maria
Published: April 2020

This single-arm, open-label study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural group training based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognition in drug-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty-six children with ADHD aged 8–13 were invited to participate in the 9-month ACT training programme, which consisted of 26 weekly sessions of group therapy lasting 90 min each. Their parents also received 12 sessions of ACT-based parent training, every 2 weeks. The outcome measure for the present study was the change in the cognitive performance assessed by a battery of computerised task. The cognitive outcome of children receiving ACT-group intervention was compared to that of an external untreated control group of children with ADHD. No significant improvements were observed in any of the cognitive measures. This preliminary study suggests that the 9-month ACT-group training programme might not have positive effects on cognitive difficulties usually occurring in ADHD. Future randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes are required to shed more light on this issue.
OnTrackNY’s learning healthcare system
Authors: Humensky Jennifer L. , Bello Iruma , Malinovsky Igor , Nossel Ilana , Patel Sapana , Jones Genevra , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Radigan Marleen , Sobeih Tarek , Tobey Caroline , Basaraba Cale , Scodes Jennifer , Smith Thomas , Wall Melanie , Labouliere Christa , Stanley Barbara , Dixon Lisa B.
Published: April 2020

Worldwide, early intervention services for young people with recent-onset psychosis have been associated with improvements in outcomes, including reductions in hospitalization, symptoms, and improvements in treatment engagement and work/school participation. States have received federal mental health block grant funding to implement team-based, multi-element, evidence-based early intervention services, now called coordinated specialty care (CSC) in the USA. New York State’s CSC program, OnTrackNY, has grown into a 23-site, statewide network, serving over 1800 individuals since its 2013 inception. A state-supported intermediary organization, OnTrackCentral, has overseen the growth of OnTrackNY. OnTrackNY has been committed to quality improvement since its inception. In 2019, OnTrackNY was awarded a regional hub within the National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored Early Psychosis Intervention Network (EPINET). The participation in the national EPINET initiative reframes and expands OnTrackNY’s quality improvement activities. The national EPINET initiative aims to develop a learning healthcare system (LHS); OnTrackNY’s participation will facilitate the development of infrastructure, including a systematic approach to facilitating stakeholder input and enhancing the data and informatics infrastructure to promote quality improvement. Additionally, this infrastructure will support practice-based research to improve care. The investment of the EPINET network to build regional and national LHSs will accelerate innovations to improve quality of care.
Home care workers caring for adults with heart failure need better access to training and technology: A role for implementation science
Authors: Sterling Madeline R. , Dell Nicola , Tseng Emily , Okeke Fabian , Cho Jacklyn , Piantella Benedetta , Tobin Jonathan N.
Published: April 2020

Although highly involved in heart failure (HF) patients’ care, home care workers (HCWs) lack HF training and are poorly integrated into the healthcare team. For its potential to address these challenges, we examined the role of technology among HCWs caring for HF patients. We conducted 38 interviews with key stakeholders. Overall, four themes emerged. Participants reported that technology is critical for HF care, but existing systems are outdated and ineffective. HCWs also have limited access to electronic resources. Technology, training, and principles of implementation science can be leveraged to improve HCWs’ experience in caring for HF patients and home healthcare delivery.
Research perspectives in ecodesign
Authors: Kim Harrison , Cluzel François , Leroy Yann , Yannou Bernard , Yannou-Le Bris Gwenola
Published: April 2020

Ecodesign has gained significant traction in recent years ranging from academic research to business applications at a global scale. Initial emphasis on the environmental aspect of design has evolved to include economic and social aspects, with projects ranging from small-scale products to large-scale industrial systems. In this paper, the authors re-analyse 10 of their major ecodesign research projects of the past ten years to identify five categories of challenges and promising future directions for ecodesign research. This paper is primarily a retrospective position paper based on the authors’ experience of actual design studies, providing also a relevant literature review and summary of design practices.
Impact of removing ESBL designation from culture reports on the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of infections associated with ESBL-producing organisms
Authors: Lesher Mark D. , Hale Cory M. , Wijetunge Dona S. S. , England Matt R. , Myers Debra S. , Craft David W.
Published: April 2020

We characterized the impact of removal of the ESBL designation from microbiology reports on inpatient antibiotic prescribing. Definitive prescribing of carbapenems decreased from 48.4% to 16.1% (P = .01) and β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination increased from 19.4% to 61.3% (P = .002). Our findings confirm the importance of collaboration between microbiology and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Obesity indicators that best predict type 2 diabetes in an Indian population: insights from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Kapoor Nitin , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Thankappan K. R. , Thomas Nihal , Furler John , Oldenburg Brian , Tapp Robyn J.
Published: April 2020

Obesity indicators are known to predict the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, evidence for which indicator best identifies undiagnosed T2DM in the Indian population is still very limited. In the present study we examined the utility of different obesity indicators to identify the presence of undiagnosed T2DM and determined their appropriate cut point for each obesity measure. Individuals were recruited from the large-scale population-based Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program. Oral glucose tolerance tests was performed to diagnose T2DM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to compare the association of different obesity indicators with T2DM and to determine the optimal cut points for identifying T2DM. A total of 357 new cases of T2DM and 1352 individuals without diabetes were identified. The mean age of the study participants was 46⋅4 (sd 7⋅4) years and 62 % were men. Waist circumference (WC), waist:hip ratio (WHR), waist:height ratio (WHtR), BMI, body fat percentage and fat per square of height were found to be significantly higher (P < 0⋅001) among those with diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes. In addition, ROC for WHR (0⋅67; 95 % 0⋅59, 0⋅75), WHtR (0⋅66; 95 % 0⋅57, 0⋅75) and WC (0⋅64; 95 % 0⋅55, 0⋅73) were shown to better identify patients with T2DM. The proposed cut points with an optimal sensitivity and specificity for WHR, WHtR and WC were 0⋅96, 0⋅56 and 86 cm for men and 0⋅88, 0⋅54 and 83 cm for women, respectively. The present study has shown that WHR, WHtR and WC are better than other anthropometric measures for detecting T2DM in the Indian population. Their utility in clinical practice may better stratify at-risk patients in this population than BMI, which is widely used at present.
THE ECONOMICS OF URBAN SLAVEHOLDING IN SANTIAGO, CHILE, 1773-1810
Authors: Cussen Celia , Martínez B. Juan José
Published: April 2020

This paper applies modern economic theory to the ownership of enslaved men and women in the labour market context of Santiago, Chile from 1773 to 1810. We calculate the internal rate of return for slaves by gender and age as a way to understand the economic justification of slavery in an urban scenario where free labour was also readily available. Based on archival sources documenting the selling prices for slaves, prevailing wages for free labourers, maintenance costs and life expectancy, we argue that the ownership of enslaved men and women was a consistently profitable activity.
SAMPLE SIZE PLANNING IN QUANTITATIVE L2 RESEARCH
Authors: Norouzian Reza
Published: April 2020

Researchers are traditionally advised to plan for their required sample size such that achieving a sufficient level of statistical power is ensured (Cohen, 1988). While this method helps distinguishing statistically significant effects from the nonsignificant ones, it does not help achieving the higher goal of accurately estimating the actual size of those effects in an intended study. Adopting an open-science approach, this article presents an alternative approach,accuracy in effect size estimation(AESE), to sample size planning that ensures that researchers obtain adequately narrow confidence intervals (CI) for their effect sizes of interest thereby ensuring accuracy in estimating the actual size of those effects. Specifically, I (a) compare the underpinnings of power-analytic and AESE methods, (b) provide a practical definition of narrow CIs, (c) apply the AESE method to various research studies from L2 literature, and (d) offer several flexible R programs to implement the methods discussed in this article.
Building Nutrition into a Falls Risk Screening Program for Older Adults in Family Health Teams in North Eastern Ontario
Authors: Laur Celia , Carew Wendy , Keller Heather
Published: April 2020

Approximately 30 per cent of those over the age of 65 living in the community fall at least once each year, and a similar proportion are at nutrition risk. Screening is an important component of prevention. The objective of this study was to understand how to add nutrition risk screening to a falls risk screening program in family health teams (FHTs). Interview participants (n= 31) were staff/management, regional representatives, and clients from six FHTs that had started integrating screening. Thematic analysis was conducted. Themes identified how to develop screening programs: setting up for successful screening, making it work, and following up with risk. An overarching theme recognized “it’s about building relationships”. Adding nutrition risk to a falls risk screening program takes effort, and is different for each FHT based on their work flow and client population. Determining how to integrate screening into the work flow and planning to address identified risk are necessary components.
Crystal structure of atazanavir, C38H52N6O7
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Gindhart Amy M. , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: April 2020

The crystal structure of atazanavir has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Atazanavir crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 15.33545(7), b = 5.90396(3), c = 21.56949(13) Å, β = 96.2923(4)°, V = 1941.134(11) Å3, and Z = 2. Despite being labeled as “atazanavir sulfate”, the commercial reagent sample consisted of atazanavir free base. The structure consists of an array of extended-conformation molecules parallel to the ac-plane. Although the atazanavir molecule contains only four classical hydrogen bond donors, hydrogen bonding is, surprisingly, important to the crystal energy. Both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are significant. The hydroxyl group forms bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bonds to a carbonyl oxygen atom and an amide nitrogen. Several amide nitrogens act as donors to the hydroxyl group and carbonyl oxygen atoms. An amide nitrogen acts as a donor to another amide nitrogen. Several methyl, methylene, methyne, and phenyl hydrogens participate in hydrogen bonds to carbonyl oxygens, an amide nitrogen, and the pyridine nitrogen. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ as entry 00-065-1426.
The Vegan's Dilemma
Authors: Bruckner Donald W.
Published: April 2020

A common and convincing argument for the moral requirement of veganism is based on the widespread, severe, and unnecessary harm done to animals, the environment, and humans by the practices of animal agriculture. If this harm footprint argument succeeds in showing that producing and consuming animal products is morally impermissible, then parallel harm footprint arguments show that a vast array of modern practices are impermissible. On this first horn of the dilemma, by engaging in these practices, vegans are living immorally by their own lights. This first horn can be avoided by assuming that morality requires not minimizing harm, but only keeping the harm of our actions within some budget. On the second horn, however, we recognize that there are many ways of keeping our harm footprints within budget other than through our dietary choices. On the second horn of the vegan's dilemma, therefore, veganism is not a moral requirement.
Observation of Thermospheric Gravity Waves in the Southern Hemisphere With GOLD
Authors: England Scott L. , Greer Katelynn R. , Solomon Stanley C. , Eastes Richard W. , McClintock William E. , Burns Alan G.
Published: April 2020

The middle thermosphere from ~150 to 250 km is characterized by rapid increase in temperature with altitude and rapid ionization. The entire thermosphere is believed to be home to atmospheric waves that propagate through it, originating both in the atmospheric layers below and in the thermosphere itself. Within the middle thermosphere, direct observations of such waves are extremely sparse. The Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) far‐ultraviolet imaging spectrometer is able to observe the middle thermosphere from geostationary orbit. During October 2018, a special observational campaign was performed, designed to identify atmospheric waves. Signatures in the 135.6‐nm O airglow were seen that move northward with time, away from the southern polar region. These are consistent with a large‐scale atmospheric gravity wave. These results are the first time 135.6‐nm airglow has been used to track such a wave and highlight the ability of GOLD to observe such waves, even when at a modest amplitude, and track their motion.
Timing of Magnetite Growth Associated With Peridotite‐Hosted Carbonate Veins in the SE Samail Ophiolite, Wadi Fins, Oman
Authors: Cooperdock E. H. G. , Stockli D. F. , Kelemen P. B. , de Obeso J. C.
Published: April 2020

Carbonate‐altered peridotite are common in continental and oceanic settings and it has been suggested that peridotite‐hosted carbonate represent a significant component of the carbon‐cycle and provide an important link in the CO2 dynamics between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The ability to constrain the timing of carbonate and accessory phase growth is key to interpreting the mechanisms that contribute to carbonate alteration, veining, and mineralization in ultramafic rocks. Here we examine a mantle section of the Samail ophiolite exposed in Wadi Fins in southeastern Oman where the peridotite is unconformably overlain by Late Cretaceous‐Paleogene limestone and crosscut by an extensive network of carbonate veins and fracture‐controlled alteration. Three previous 87Sr/86Sr measurements on carbonate vein material in the peridotite produce results consistent with vein formation involving Cretaceous to Eocene seawater (de Obeso & Kelemen, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0433). We employ (U‐Th)/He chronometry to constrain the timing of hydrothermal magnetite in the calcite veins in the peridotite. Magnetite (U‐Th)/He ages of crystal sizes ranging from 1 cm to 200 μm record Miocene growth at 15 ± 4 Ma, which may indicate (1) fluid–rock interaction and carbonate precipitation in the Miocene, or (2) magnetite (re)crystallization within pre‐existing veins. Taken together with published Sr‐isotope values, these results suggest that carbonate veining at Wadi Fins started as early as the Cretaceous, and continued in the Miocene associated with magnetite growth. The timing of hydrothermal magnetite growth is coeval with Neogene shortening and faulting in southern Oman, which points to a tectonic driver for vein (re)opening and fluid‐rock alteration.
Stable Rate of Slip Along the Karakax Section of the Altyn Tagh Fault from Observation of Interglacial and Postglacial Offset Morphology and Surface Dating
Authors: Peltzer Gilles , Brown Nathan D. , Mériaux Anne‐Sophie , van der Woerd Jerome , Rhodes Edward J. , Finkel Robert C. , Ryerson Frederick J. , Hollingsworth James
Published: April 2020

Digital elevation maps obtained using TanDEM‐X and Pleiades data combined with newly obtained surface age estimates using cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) and optically simulated luminescence (OSL) methods are used to quantify the slip rate along the western section of the Altyn Tagh Fault in southern Xinjiang. The reconstruction of the conical shape of massive alluvial fans inferred to be from the Eemian (115±7 ka) from CRN dating shows consistent left‐lateral offsets of 300±20 m, yielding a slip rate of 2.6±0.3 mm/year. Successive episodes of incision have left cut terraces inset in wide canyons, 10–25 m below the fans' surface. The incision was followed by the deposition of a broad terrace of early Holocene age, which is reincised by modern stream channels. Near the village of Shanxili, a 200 m wide valley is partially dammed by a shutter ridge displaced by the fault. A fill terrace deposited upstream from the ridge has an OSL age of 8.8±0.6 ka. The 23±2 m offset of the riser incising the terrace indicates a minimum postdepositional movement on the fault, yielding a Holocene rate of 2.6±0.5 mm/year, consistent with the 115‐ka average slip rate. Scarp degradation analysis using mass diffusion reveals a nonlinear relationship between fault displacement and degradation coefficient along the progressively exposed fault scarp, a pattern suggesting either seismic clustering or variable diffusion rate since the Eemian. Together with the Gozha Co‐Longmu Co fault to the south, the Karakax section of the Altyn Tagh Fault contributes to the eastward movement of the western corner of Tibet.
The 1.24–1.21 Ga Licheng Large Igneous Province in the North China Craton: Implications for Paleogeographic Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Chong , Peng Peng , Li Zheng‐Xiang , Pisarevsky Sergei , Denyszyn Steven , Liu Yebo , Gamal El Dien Hamed , Su Xiangdong
Published: April 2020

Detailed geochronological, geochemical, and paleomagnetic studies of mafic dyke swarms, often associated with mantle plumes, can provide unique constraints on paleogeographic reconstructions. Mafic dykes with baddeleyite U–Pb ages of 1,233 ± 27 Ma (SIMS), 1,206.7 ± 1.7 Ma (TIMS), 1,214.0 ± 4.9 Ma (TIMS), and 1,236.3 ± 5.4 Ma (TIMS) have been identified in the eastern North China Craton. Geochemical data indicate subalkaline to alkaline basalt compositions with OIB‐like trace element signatures and an intraplate tectonic setting. In addition to these geochemical signatures, the radiating geometry of these dykes also suggests a 1.24–1.21 Ga large igneous province caused by a mantle plume event. A new ~1.24 Ga paleomagnetic pole at 2.0°N, 165.1°E, A95 = 11.0°, N = 9 and an ~1.21 Ga VGP at −23.0°N, 92.5°E, dp/dm = 4.7°/7.8° have been obtained from these dykes, with the 1.24 Ga pole supported by positive baked contact test. Our paleomagnetic analyses suggest that the North China Craton and the proto‐Australian continent could have been separated by 1.24–1.21 Ga from an established Nuna connection at ca. 1.32 Ga. By comparison with Laurentia paleopoles, we present the paleogeography of dispersing North China, proto‐Australian, and Laurentia cratons in the late Mesoproterozoic during the breakup of the supercontinent Nuna.
Application of the Cyclone Phase Space to Extratropical Transition in a Global Climate Model
Authors: Bieli Melanie , Sobel Adam H. , Camargo Suzana J. , Murakami Hiroyuki , Vecchi Gabriel A.
Published: April 2020

The authors analyze the global statistics of tropical cyclones undergoing extratropical transition (ET) in the Forecast‐oriented Low Ocean Resolution version of CM2.5 with Flux Adjustment (FLOR‐FA). The cyclone phase space (CPS) is used to diagnose ET. A simulation of the recent historical climate is analyzed and compared with data from the Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55), and then a simulation of late 21st century climate under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 is compared to the historical simulation. When CPS is applied to the FLOR‐FA output in the historical simulation, the results diverge from those obtained from JRA‐55 by having an unrealistic number of ET cases at low latitudes, due to the presence of strong local maxima in the upper‐level geopotential. These features mislead CPS into detecting a cold core where one is not present. The misdiagnosis is largely corrected by replacing the maxima required by CPS with the 95th percentile values, smoothing the CPS trajectories in time, or both. Other climate models may contain grid‐scale structures akin to those in FLOR‐FA and, when used for CPS analysis, require solutions such as those discussed here. Comparisons of ET in the projected future climate with the historical climate show a number of changes that are robust to the details of the ET diagnosis, though few are statistically significant according to standard tests. Among them are an increase in the ET fraction and a reduction in the mean latitude at which ET occurs in the western North Pacific.