bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 detection in the lower respiratory tract of invasively ventilated ARDS patients
Authors: Buetti Niccolò , Wicky Paul-Henri , Le Hingrat Quentin , Ruckly Stéphane , Mazzuchelli Timothy , Loiodice Ambre , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Forni Ogna Valentina , de Montmollin Etienne , Bernasconi Enos , Visseaux Benoit , Timsit Jean-François
Published: October 2020

Background

Data on SARS-CoV-2 load in lower respiratory tract (LRT) are scarce. Our objectives were to describe the viral shedding and the viral load in LRT and to determine their association with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Methods

We conducted a binational study merging prospectively collected data from two COVID-19 reference centers in France and Switzerland. First, we described the viral shedding duration (i.e., time to negativity) in LRT samples. Second, we analyzed viral load in LRT samples. Third, we assessed the association between viral presence in LRT and mortality using mixed-effect logistic models for clustered data adjusting for the time between symptoms’ onset and date of sampling.

Results

From March to May 2020, 267 LRT samples were performed in 90 patients from both centers. The median time to negativity was 29 (IQR 23; 34) days. Prolonged viral shedding was not associated with age, gender, cardiac comorbidities, diabetes, immunosuppression, corticosteroids use, or antiviral therapy. The LRT viral load tended to be higher in non-survivors. This difference was statistically significant after adjusting for the time interval between onset of symptoms and date of sampling (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.13–12.64, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

The viral shedding in LRT lasted almost 30 days in median in critically ill patients, and the viral load in the LRT was associated with the 6-week mortality.
Improving adherence to an online intervention for low mood with a virtual coach: study protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Provoost Simon , Kleiboer Annet , Ornelas José , Bosse Tibor , Ruwaard Jeroen , Rocha Artur , Cuijpers Pim , Riper Heleen
Published: October 2020

Background

Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) is more effective when it is guided by human support than when it is unguided. This may be attributable to higher adherence rates that result from a positive effect of the accompanying support on motivation and on engagement with the intervention. This protocol presents the design of a pilot randomized controlled trial that aims to start bridging the gap between guided and unguided interventions. It will test an intervention that includes automated support delivered by an embodied conversational agent (ECA) in the form of a virtual coach.

Methods/design

The study will employ a pilot two-armed randomized controlled trial design. The primary outcomes of the trial will be (1) the effectiveness of iCBT, as supported by a virtual coach, in terms of improved intervention adherence in comparison with unguided iCBT, and (2) the feasibility of a future, larger-scale trial in terms of recruitment, acceptability, and sample size calculation. Secondary aims will be to assess the virtual coach’s effect on motivation, users’ perceptions of the virtual coach, and general feasibility of the intervention as supported by a virtual coach. We will recruit N = 70 participants from the general population who wish to learn how they can improve their mood by using Moodbuster Lite, a 4-week cognitive-behavioral therapy course. Candidates with symptoms of moderate to severe depression will be excluded from study participation. Included participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either (1) Moodbuster Lite with automated support delivered by a virtual coach or (2) Moodbuster Lite without automated support. Assessments will be taken at baseline and post-study 4 weeks later.

Discussion

The study will assess the preliminary effectiveness of a virtual coach in improving adherence and will determine the feasibility of a larger-scale RCT. It could represent a significant step in bridging the gap between guided and unguided iCBT interventions.

Trial registration

Netherlands Trial Register (NTR) NL8110. Registered on 23 October 2019.
Low-temperature effects on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. TIO01 and its proposed underlying mechanism
Authors: Hu Fan , Clevenger April L. , Zheng Peng , Huang Qiongye , Wang Zhaokai
Published: October 2020

Background

Schizochytriumspecies are known for their abundant production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low temperatures can promote the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in many species. This study investigates low-temperature effects on DHA biosynthesis inSchizochytriumsp. TIO01 and its underlying mechanism.

Results

TheSchizochytriumfatty acid biosynthesis pathway was evaluated based on de novo genome assembly (contig N50 = 2.86 Mb) and iTRAQ-based protein identification. Our findings revealed that desaturases, involved in DHA synthesis via the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway, were completely absent. The polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway and the FAS pathway are, respectively, responsible for DHA and saturated fatty acid synthesis inSchizochytrium. Analysis of fatty acid composition profiles indicates that low temperature has a significant impact on the production of DHA inSchizochytrium, increasing the DHA content from 43 to 65% of total fatty acids. However, the expression levels of PKS pathway genes were not significantly regulated as the DHA content increased. Further, gene expression analysis showed that pathways related to the production of substrates (acetyl-CoA and NADPH) for fatty acid synthesis (the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway) and genes related to saturated fatty acid biosynthesis (the FAS pathway genes and malic enzyme) were, respectively, upregulated and downregulated. These results indicate that low temperatures increase the DHA content by likely promoting the entry of relatively large amounts of substrates into the PKS pathway.

Conclusions

In this study, we provide genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic evidence for the fatty acid synthesis pathway inSchizochytriumand propose a mechanism by which low temperatures promote the accumulation of DHA inSchizochytrium. The high-quality and nearly complete genome sequence ofSchizochytriumprovides a valuable reference for investigating the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and the evolutionary characteristics ofThraustochytriidaespecies.
Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs
Authors: Pozio Edoardo , Merialdi Giuseppe , Licata Elio , Della Casa Giacinto , Fabiani Massimo , Amati Marco , Cherchi Simona , Ramini Mattia , Faeti Valerio , Interisano Maria , Ludovisi Alessandra , Rugna Gianluca , Marucci Gianluca , Tonanzi Daniele , Gómez-Morales Maria Angeles
Published: October 2020

Background

Domesticated and wild swine play an important role as reservoir hosts of Trichinella spp. and a source of infection for humans. Little is known about the survival of Trichinella larvae in muscles and the duration of anti-Trichinella antibodies in pigs with long-lasting infections.

Methods

Sixty pigs were divided into three groups of 20 animals and infected with 10,000 larvae of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi or Trichinella pseudospiralis. Four pigs from each group were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-infection (p.i.) and the number of larvae per gram (LPG) of muscles was calculated. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and western blot using excretory/secretory (ES) and crude antigens.

Results

Trichinella spiralis showed the highest infectivity and immunogenicity in pigs and larvae survived in pig muscles for up to 2 years p.i. In these pigs, the IgG level significantly increased at 30 days p.i. and reached a peak at about 60 days p.i., remaining stable until the end of the experiment. In T. britovi-infected pigs, LPG was about 70 times lower than for T. spiralis at 2 months p.i. and only very few infecting larvae were detected at 6 months p.i., whereas no larvae were detected at 12, 18 and 24 months p.i. At 6 months p.i., degenerated/calcified larvae and cysts were detected in the muscles by trichinoscopy and histology. The IgG pattern showed by T. britovi-infected pigs was similar to that of T. spiralis-infected pigs, although seroconversion occurred some days later. The larval burden of T. pseudospiralis was slightly greater than for T. britovi at 2 months p.i., but no larvae were detected at 6 and 12 months p.i. In T. pseudospiralis-infected pigs, seroconversion occurred slowly, as in T. britovi-infected pigs. The IgG level showed a significant drop at 6 months p.i. and declining to the cut-off value at 12 months p.i.

Conclusions

The longer survival of T. spiralis in pigs in comparison with the other two species highlights its exceptional dissemination potential. These results provide an explanation of the controversial data collected by parasitological and serological tools in the course of epidemiological investigations.
The absolute risk of gout by clusters of gout-associated comorbidities and lifestyle factors—30 years follow-up of the Malmö Preventive Project
Authors: Fatima Tahzeeb , Nilsson Peter M. , Turesson Carl , Dehlin Mats , Dalbeth Nicola , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Kapetanovic Meliha C.
Published: October 2020

Background

Gout is predicted by a number of comorbidities and lifestyle factors. We aimed to identify discrete phenotype clusters of these factors in a Swedish population-based health survey. In these clusters, we calculated and compared the incidence and relative risk of gout.

Methods

Cluster analyses were performed to group variables with close proximity and to obtain homogenous clusters of individuals (n = 22,057) in the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) cohort. Variables clustered included obesity, kidney dysfunction, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, pulmonary dysfunction (PD), smoking, and the use of diuretics. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for gout, adjusted for age and sex, were computed for each cluster.

Results

Five clusters (C1–C5) were identified. Cluster C1 (n = 16,063) was characterized by few comorbidities. All participants in C2 (n = 750) had kidney dysfunction (100%), and none had CVD. In C3 (n = 528), 100% had CVD and most participants were smokers (74%). C4 (n = 3673) had the greatest fractions of obesity (34%) and dyslipidemia (74%). In C5 (n = 1043), proportions with DM (51%), hypertension (54%), and diuretics (52%) were highest. C1 was by far the most common in the population (73%), followed by C4 (17%). These two pathways included 86% of incident gout cases. The four smaller clusters (C2–C5) had higher incidence rates and a 2- to 3-fold increased risk for incident gout.

Conclusions

Five distinct clusters based on gout-related comorbidities and lifestyle factors were identified. Most incident gout cases occurred in the cluster of few comorbidities, and the four comorbidity pathways had overall a modest influence on the incidence of gout.
Identifying, describing, and assessing interventions that support new graduate nurse transition into critical care nursing practice: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Vanderspank-Wright Brandi , Lalonde Michelle , Squires Janet , Graham Ian D. , Efstathiou Nikolaos , Devey Burry Robin , Marcogliese Emily , Skidmore Becky , Vandyk Amanda ,   Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses and the National Emergency Nurses Association
Published: October 2020

Background

Given a persistent nursing shortage in Canada and a decline in new nurses entering the profession, new graduate nurses (NGNs) are being hired into positions historically reserved for more experienced staff. Critical care settings, which are areas of specialty nursing practice, are now routinely hiring NGNs in many hospitals. While evidence on NGN transition into critical care is emerging, best practices around training and support for these nurses are limited internationally, and non-existent within the Canadian context. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe, and assess the effectiveness of interventions that support NGN transition into critical care clinical practice settings.

Methods

This is a systematic review of interventions using the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology. Data sources will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Education Source, and Nursing and Allied Health electronic databases. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts using predetermined inclusion criteria. A consensus meeting will be held with a third reviewer to resolve conflicts when necessary. Full texts will also be screened by two independent reviewers and with conflicts resolved by consensus. Data will be extracted using a standardized extraction form. We will assess the quality of all included studies using Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tools. Data describing interventions will be reported narratively and a meta-analysis will be conducted to determine effectiveness, if appropriate.

Discussion

This systematic review will identify interventions that support NGN transition into critical care nursing practice. The findings of this study will provide a foundation for developing strategies to support NGN transition into these areas of specialty nursing practice.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020147962.
Brain drain from vocational to academic education at upper-secondary level? An empirical analysis for Switzerland
Authors: Jaik Katharina
Published: October 2020

Despite the ongoing debate about how much academic versus vocational upper-secondary education is favorable for a country and large differences across countries of those two types of education exist, the interplay of vocational and academic education on upper-secondary level and its consequences for the entire education system remain under-researched. Although difficult to analyze directly, we first construct a measure to capture companies’ reactions to changes in academic education rates and second analyze whether academic education rates are associated with success rates in vocational education over time and with control variables. To measure companies’ reactions, we use a cantonal average requirements profile consisting of the academic requirements profile of an occupation and the number of apprenticeships started in this occupation per year and canton. Although results of the first part of the analysis are ambiguous, combined with the second part, they suggest a non-reaction of companies (i.e., they keep offering the same occupations but have to fill their positions with lower-ability candidates). Results of the second part show that more opportunities for academic education appear to draw highly-able students away from vocational education, with negative consequences for the success rates in vocational education. Our findings have important implications for countries with vocational and academic tracks in their education systems, but also for those who plan to introduce or strengthen (dual) vocational education.
Composition and techniques of the Ticinese stucco decorations from the 16th to the 17th century: results from the analysis of the materials
Authors: Caroselli Marta , Zumbühl Stefan , Cavallo Giovanni , Radelet Thierry
Published: October 2020

This work investigated the techniques used for creating a three-dimensional stucco decoration. During the multidisciplinary project "The art and industry of Ticino plasterers from the sixteenth to the seventeenth century", some stucco works mainly situated between the south of the Ticino region and the province of Como were studied. These artists traditionally known as "Masters of the Lakes", were invited across Europe to decorate the most important architectures at the time. The diffusion of this art and in particular of these workers was probably due to their unique ability to master the complex art of stucco. In particular, the scientific research was addressed at understanding the structure, composition and original “recipes” of the high relief stucco and statues, by using different complementary analytical techniques: the internal structures were analyzed with the radiographic technique, the mortars were characterized by polarized light microscopy, SEM–EDS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The identification of organic additives was possible thanks to a pre-treatment sample with the reactive sulfur tetrafluoride gas (SF4). Our results indicated that the stucco works of the considered authors were made using almost all recurring components, although differences emerged in the assembly of the internal structure, in the presence of gypsum in the ground mortar layers and in the use of the aggregate in the finishing.
Docking-based strategy to design novel flavone-based arylamides as potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors with prediction of their drug-likeness and ADMET properties
Authors: Umar Abdullahi Bello , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Uba Sani
Published: October 2020

Background

V600E-BRAF protein target has much potential for scientific research as therapeutic target due to its involvement in human melanoma cancer. In the current research, molecular docking investigation was conducted on some flavone-based arylamides as anticancer drug candidates via V600E-BRAF inhibition with the help of docking software Molegro Virtual Docker. Based on the predicted results, existing structures were modified and screened for pharmacokinetics ADMET properties.

Results

The docking result demonstrates that compound 28 best inhibits V600E-BRAF when compared with other compounds within the dataset. This compound was used as a template in designing novel anticancer compounds by attaching some favorable substituents. The docking results of the designed compounds revealed a good MolDock score (< − 90), which showed that all the compounds can efficiently bind with the active sites of the target, out of which two analogous (N1 and N3) were considered optimal that outperformed vemurafenib, the FDA-approved V600E-BRAF inhibitor. Furthermore, these compounds passed the drug-likeness criteria (Lipinski’s rule) successfully and were found to be orally bioavailable. Also, the designed compounds were found to have good pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties.

Conclusion

Thus, this study identified compounds (N1 and N3) as the best hits against V600E-BRAF kinase with enhanced pharmacological properties and recommends their synthesis, in vivo and ex vivo evaluation to validate our hypothesis.
Femoral prosthesis neck fracture following total hip arthroplasty — a systematic review
Authors: van Doesburg P. G. , van Langelaan E. J. , Apachitei I. , Bénard M. R. , Verdegaal S. H. M.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Head-neck modularity was introduced into total hip arthroplasty to provide more intraoperative surgical options. However, modularity led to new problems, such as trunnionosis and fractures of the femoral prosthesis neck.

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for hip neck fractures and to provide recommendations to prevent damage and fractures of the neck.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Thirty-three case studies were included. Methodologically, most included studies were of moderate or good quality. The 80 neck fractures included in the review took place, on average, 7 years after stem placement. Male gender, high body weight, obesity, previous revision surgery, mixing components from different manufacturers, use of long skirted heads, cobalt-chromium (large size) heads were identified as potential risk factors.

Conclusion

Hip neck fractures occur on average 7 years after stem placement. The etiology of hip neck fractures is multifactorial. This review revealed several preventable implant- and surgeon-related risk factors.
Effect of polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin fractions from Thymus atlanticus on acute and chronic hyperlipidemia in mice
Authors: Ramchoun Mhamed , Khouya Tarik , Harnafi Hicham , Alem Chakib , Benlyas Mohamed , Simmet Thomas , Ouguerram Khadija , Amrani Souliman
Published: October 2020

Background

Thymus atlanticus is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean region, which has been used in the Moroccan mountain area to treat several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin fractions derived from this plant on acute and chronic hyperlipidemia in male albino mice.

Results

The results indicated that the injection of Triton WR-1339 (20 mg/100 g body weight (B.wt.)) and 6-week administration of a high-fat diet (which is an 81.8% standard diet supplemented with 2% cholesterol, 16% lard, and 0.2% cholic acid) significantly increased plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but did not affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in mice. Administration of a single dose (2 mg/kg B.wt.) of polyphenol, flavonoid, or saponin fractions significantly suppressed the effect of Triton injection on plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C. In addition, the supplementation of the high-fat diet with polyphenol fraction (2 mg/kg B.wt./day) prevented the increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C, and effectively increased HDL-C level when compared to mice feeding only the high-fat diet.

Conclusion

In conclusion, phenolic compounds from Thymus atlanticus possess a significant hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects and, therefore, could have an important role in the management of dyslipidemia.
Development and Validation of a Genomic Tool to Predict Seminal Vesicle Invasion in Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Hall William A. , Fishbane Nick , Liu Yang , Xu Melody J. , Davicioni Elai , Mahal Brandon A. , Den Robert B. , Dess Robert T. , Jackson William C. , Wong Anthony C. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Carroll Peter R. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Bismar Tarek A. , Kim Hyung L. , Klein Eric A. , Davis John W. , Ross Ashley E. , Tosoian Jeffrey J. , Morgan Todd M. , Mehra Rohit , Salami Simpa S. , Nguyen Paul L. , Lawton Colleen A. F. , Spratt Daniel E. , Feng Felix
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

Pretreatment estimates of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) are challenging and significantly influence the management of prostate cancer. We sought to improve current models to predict SVI through the development of an SVI prediction genomic signature.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 15,889 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with available baseline clinical, pathology, and transcriptome data were retrieved from the GRID registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02609269 ) and other retrospective cohorts. These data were divided into a training (n = 6,766), test (n = 3,363), and two validation (n = 5,062 and 698) cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the predictive effect of the genomic SVI (gSVI) classifier in the presence of established nomograms (Partin Tables and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC]).

RESULTS

In the training cohort, univariable filtering identified 2,132 genes that were differentially expressed between RP tumors with and without SVI. Model parameters were tuned to maximize the area under the curve (AUC) in the testing cohort, resulting in a logistic generalized linear model with 581 genes. The gSVI model scores range from 0 to 1. In the first validation set, gSVI showed superior discrimination of patients with and without SVI at RP compared with other prognostic signatures trained to predict distant metastasis or clinical recurrence. Of the 698 patients in the second validation set, gSVI combined with the MSKCC nomogram had a superior AUC (0.86) compared with either nomogram individually (0.81).

CONCLUSION

The gSVI represents a novel and validated expression signature to predict the presence of SVI before treatment with surgery. This genomic tool adds discriminatory power to existing clinical predictive nomograms and may help with pretreatment counseling and decision making.
Interplay of MPP5a with Rab11 synergistically builds epithelial apical polarity and zonula adherens
Authors: Hao Yumei , Zhou Yao , Yu Yinhui , Zheng Mingjie , Weng Kechao , Kou Ziqi , Liang Jiancheng , Zhang Qian , Tang Xiajing , Xu Pinglong , Link Brian A. , Yao Ke , Zou Jian
Published: October 2020

Adherens junctions remodeling regulated by apical polarity proteins constitutes a major driving force for tissue morphogenesis, though the precise mechanism remains inconclusive. Here we reported that Crumbs complex component MPP5a interacts with small GTPase Rab11 in Golgi to synergistically transport cadherin and Crumbs components to the apical domain, thus establishing the apical epithelial polarity and adherens junctions. In contrast, Par complex recruited by MPP5a is incapable to interact with Rab11 but may assemble cytoskeleton to facilitate the cadherin exocytosis. In accordance, dysfunction of MPP5a induced an invasive migration of epithelial cells. This adherens junctions remodeling pattern is frequently observed in zebrafish lens epithelial cells and neuroepithelial cells. The data identified an unrecognized MPP5a/Rab11 complex and described its essential role in guiding the apical polarization and zonula adherens formation in epithelial cells.
Genetic evidence for Amh modulation of gonadotropin actions to control gonadal homeostasis and gametogenesis in zebrafish and its noncanonical signalling through Bmpr2a receptor
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Wu Kun , Ren Zhiqin , Ge Wei
Published: October 2020

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH/Amh) plays an important role in gonadal function. Amh deficiency caused severe gonadal dysgenesis and dysfunction in zebrafish with gonadal hypertrophy in both sexes. However, its action mechanism remains unknown. Intriguingly, the Amh cognate type II receptor (Amhr2) is missing in the zebrafish genome, in sharp contrast to other species. Using a series of zebrafish mutants (amh, fshb, fshr and lhcgr), we provided unequivocal evidence for Amh actions via modulating gonadotropin signaling on both germ cell proliferation and differentiation. The gonadal hypertrophy in amh mutants was abolished in the absence of FSH receptor (Fshr) in females or Fshr/LH receptor (Lhcgr) in males. Furthermore, we demonstrated that knockout of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptor A (bmpr2a), but not bmpr2b, phenocopied all phenotypes of amh mutant in both sexes, including gonadal hypertrophy, hyper-proliferation of germ cells, retarded gametogenesis and reduced fshb expression. In summary, the present study provided comprehensive genetic evidence for an intimate interaction of gonadotropin and Amh pathways in gonadal homeostasis and gametogenesis and for Bmpr2a as the possible missing link for Amh signaling in zebrafish.
Vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ants
Authors: Clifton Glenna T. , Holway David , Gravish Nicholas
Published: October 2020

Many walking insects use vision for long-distance navigation, but the influence of vision on rapid walking performance that requires close-range obstacle detection and directing the limbs towards stable footholds remains largely untested. We compared Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) workers in light versus darkness while traversing flat and uneven terrain. In darkness, ants reduced flat-ground walking speeds by only 5%. Similarly, the approach speed and time to cross a step obstacle were not significantly affected by lack of lighting. To determine whether tactile sensing might compensate for vision loss, we tracked antennal motion and observed shifts in spatiotemporal activity as a result of terrain structure but not illumination. Together, these findings suggest that vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ant workers. Our results help contextualize eye variation across ants, including subterranean, nocturnal and eyeless species that walk in complete darkness. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of integrating vision, proprioception and tactile sensing for robust locomotion in unstructured environments.
Identifying and understanding factors that affect the translation of therapies from the laboratory to patients: a study protocol
Authors: Lalu Manoj M. , Montroy Joshua , Begley C. Glenn , Bubela Tania , Hunniford Victoria , Ripsman David , Wesch Neil , Kimmelman Jonathan , Macleod Malcolm , Moher David , Tieu Alvin , Sikora Lindsey , Fergusson Dean A.
Published: October 2020

Background: The process of translating preclinical findings into a clinical setting takes decades. Previous studies have suggested that only 5-10% of the most promising preclinical studies are successfully translated into viable clinical applications. The underlying determinants of this low success rate (e.g. poor experimental design, suboptimal animal models, poor reporting) have not been examined in an empirical manner. Our study aims to determine the contemporary success rate of preclinical-to-clinical translation, and subsequently determine if an association between preclinical study design and translational success/failure exists.

Methods: Established systematic review methodology will be used with regards to the literature search, article screening and study selection process. Preclinical, basic science studies published in high impact basic science journals between 1995 and 2015 will be included. Included studies will focus on publicly available interventions with potential clinical promise. The primary outcome will be successful clinical translation of promising therapies - defined as the conduct of at least one Phase II trial (or greater) with a positive finding. A case-control study will then be performed to evaluate the association between elements of preclinical study design and reporting and the likelihood of successful translation.

Discussion: This study will provide a comprehensive analysis of the therapeutic translation from the laboratory bench to the bedside. Importantly, any association between factors of study design and the success of translation will be identified. These findings may inform future research teams attempting preclinical-to-clinical translation. Results will be disseminated to identified knowledge users that fund/support preclinical research.
Medical biology: an encyclopedic reference
Authors: Smirnov Oleg
Published: October 2020

The encyclopedia contains more than 4,100 terms and definitions that are studied in the course of medical biology: Cytology, genetics, developmental biology, teratology, regeneration, transplantation, ecology, evolution and Parasitology, as well as a number of medical and General scientific terms. The book significantly complements the existing textbooks and helps the reader to work independently with educational and scientific literature. For students and teachers of higher medical schools, students of medical schools, biology teachers and applicants.
Egg processing technology
Authors: Zabashta Andrey , Shalimova Tat'yana , Basov Valer'yan
Published: October 2020

The textbook describes the structure and chemical composition of eggs, requirements for food chicken eggs, conditions for collection, sorting, packaging, transportation and storage. Possible defects of eggs and ways of their prevention are given. Technologies for the production of frozen and dry egg products are described.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduate students studying in the direction 19.03.03 "food of animal origin" (profile "technology of meat and meat products").
Criteria for checking deviations from the exponential law. Application manual
Authors: Lemeshko Boris , Blinov Pavel
Published: October 2020

The monograph is intended for specialists who are more or less faced with the issues of statistical data analysis, processing of experimental results, and using statistical methods to analyze various aspects and trends of the surrounding reality. The guide discusses the application of statistical criteria aimed at testing the hypothesis that the analyzed sample belongs to the exponential (exponential) distribution law. The disadvantages and advantages of various criteria are indicated. Estimates of the power of the criteria and results of comparative analysis of the criteria are given, as well as tables containing percentage points and statistical distribution models necessary for applying the criteria. Following the recommendations will ensure the correctness and validity of statistical conclusions when analyzing data. It will be useful for engineers, researchers, specialists in various fields (doctors, biologists, sociologists, economists, etc.) who are faced with the need for statistical analysis of experimental results, as well as University teachers, graduate students and students.
Assorted wood harvesting
Authors: Mehrencev Andrey , Azarenok Vasiliy , Gerc Eduard
Published: October 2020

The tutorial shows the possibility and feasibility of varietal wood harvesting using various machine systems, including harvester — forwarder complexes. The main forestry and technological parameters of various logging operations, their technological features and scope are also considered.

It is intended for bachelors and undergraduates of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of Forestry", "technology of logging and wood processing industries", postgraduates of full-time and part-time training in the areas of "Forestry", "Biological Sciences", "Technologies, means of mechanization and power equipment in agriculture, forestry and fisheries", researchers, employees of forestry and environmental organizations. The issues discussed in the textbook are of interest to employees of forest enterprises of various forms of ownership and related industries engaged in logging."
Hepatitis associated with parvovirus B19 infection in a 12-year-old-boy. Case report
Authors: Kowalik Aleksandra , Panasiuk Natalia , Pac-Kożuchowska Elżbieta
Published: October 2020

Parvovirus B19 infection is one of the most common viral diseases manifested with a rash in school children. The vast majority of rare clinical forms of parvovirus B19 infection are associated with hepatitis.We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with parvovirus B19-associated hepatitis.
Predictors associated with studies and lifestyle and subjective feeling of depressive symptoms among Polish medical students
Authors: Bryliński Łukasz , Bura Agata , Duda Piotr , Drożak Paulina , Augustowska Katarzyna , Drożak Martyna
Published: October 2020

Introduction and objective. Depression is a disorder that medical students are subjected to. The aim of the research was to investigate the occurrence of subjective feeling of depressive symptoms among Polish medical students during the course of medical studies and to determine predictors of this phenomenon that are associated with studies and lifestyle. Material and method. The research tool was author’s questionnaire. 1023 medical students from each year of medical education and different Polish universities took part in the study. Results. 52.79% of the respondents had noticed symptoms that might had pointed to depression during the course of their medical studies. The research suggests that predictors of subjective feeling of depressive symptoms among medical students are: repeating a university subject, repeating a year in university, low self-assessment of academic performance during studying, considering dropping out of university, low satisfaction from the choice of studying medicine, reaching for alcohol in order to de-stress or discharge negative emotions, not having interests that enable to relax, not doing sports regularly, not participating in social gatherings often enough, not sleeping enough, having problems with maintaining stable body weight and not being religious. Conclusions. There are many lifestyle and studies connected factors associated with depressive symptoms among Polish medical students. The study suggests that it is important for students and their communities to pay attention to the emergence of them in order to improve the well-being of students.
Evaluation of the capacity of patients with pathological obesity, in a six-minutes march test, before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Kolasińska Marzena , Sikorska Hanna , Kucharczuk Magda , Wyżgowski Przemysław , Juraszek Karolina Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

The aim of a study: The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of patients with pathological obesity after laparoscopy sleeve gastrectomy in a six-minute march test.Material and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 30 patients with giant obesity hospitalized in the Surgery Clinic of the 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic in Bydgoszcz. The patient was evaluated on the day before the laparoscopic gastrectomy and one month after the surgery. In all patients a six-minute march test was performed and the author's questionnaire was used.Results: As a result of the operation, an average weight loss of 10 kg was observed in the patients, an improvement in efficiency, as well as the resignation or significant reduction in symptoms of coexisting diseases. Based on a 6-minute march test it was found that the distance covered by the patients increased by 30 m.Conclusions: 1. Bariatric surgeries are an effective method of weight reduction for patients with massive obesity. 2. As a result of the procedure, the number of ailments complained about by the patients has decreased. 3. The weight reduction in obese people as a result of a bariatric procedure, increases the functional ability to walk, assessed with a 6-minute march test. 4. The 6-minute march test provides useful information on the functional status of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. It is a simple, safe and efficient method for assessing the performance of patients with severe obesity.
Specifics of COVID-19 in pregnant women and their children - a review
Authors: Stanicki Paweł , Szarpak Julita , Wieteska Małgorzata , Kaczyńska Agnieszka , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose: The first cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded in the last months of 2019 in the Chinese city Wuhan. Since then, COVID-19 has spread throughout the world. Still little is known about the perinatal aspects of COVID-19. Objective of this article is to present the course of coronavirus disease in pregnant women with particular emphasis on the occurrence of intrauterine infection and preterm births.Brief description of the state of knowledge: SARS-CoV-2 calling COVID-19 probably comes from bats sold at the Wuhan market. This virus is highly contagious, it spreads from person to person. The most common symptoms of infection include: fever, cough and ground-glass opacity (GGO) in chest radiographs. The analyzes carried out so far show that the course of the disease in pregnant women is similar to that of non-pregnant patients. Women present typical signs of infection. Most researchers also exclude the presence of intrauterine infection, although there have been reports of isolated cases. The percentage of premature births in women with COVID-19 is higher than average.Summary: The course of coronavirus disease in pregnant women is similar to that of other infected women. While most studies do exclude the presence of a vertical infection, there are reports of severe course of the disease and possible vertical infection. Patients with COVID-19 may be more prone to premature delivery, however, to confirm this thesis, it is necessary to examine a larger number of pregnant women.
Episiotomy scar as a physiotherapeutic problem - case study
Authors: Wawryków Agata , Stecko Monika , Korabiusz Katarzyna , Torbe Andrzej
Published: October 2020

The article presents the case of a 28-year-old woman after vaginal delivery assisted by the use of a vacuum extractor. During delivery, the II° perineal rupture and pelvic floor tissue damage occurred. The patient came to the urogynecological physiotherapy practise because of major pain associated with the episiotomy scar. The article describes effects of physiotherapy.
Obstructive sleep apnea - risk factors, diagnosis and management
Authors: Makuch Marcelina , Makuch Marcin , Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa , Milanowski Janusz
Published: October 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that is characterised by obstructive apneas, hypopneas and respiratory effort-related arousals caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Most pauses in breathing last between 10 and 30 seconds, but some may persist longer.
Crystallographic features of oral fluid in young people with gingivitis
Authors: Vadzyuk S. , Boliuk Yu. , Luchynskyi M. , Sluchyk V. , Zukow W.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Oral fluid is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Therefore, it can indicate the changes in both the local environment and the whole organism. Recently, the crystallographic features of oral fluid have been actively studied. Therefore, this paper is devoted to the possibility of using crystallographic patterns of oral fluid for the early diagnosis of periodontal diseases in young people under 30 years of age.The purpose of the research is to study the crystallographic picture of oral fluid in subjects aged 18-23 years with gingivitis.Materials and methods. Subjects were divided into two groups: main — with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (28) and control (32). The main group consisted of two subgroups — with mild (18) and moderate (10) gingivitis. The degree of gingivitis was determined using the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA) in Parma modification (1960). The study of oral fluid was performed using the method of wedge-shaped dehydration. The type of crystallization was determined according to the method of Leus P. A. modified by Dubrovina L. A. (1989).Results and discussion. The type II crystallization of oral fluid was observed in the majority of individuals in both groups. Type II of the main group was characterized by massive crystals and minor crystals, smaller in size, and of different shapes. Type III was detected only in subjects with gingivitis. 75,00 % of representatives with mild gingivitis have had type II of crystallization patterns. Again, type III of oral fluid facies was observed only in moderate gingivitis.Conclusions. Dependence of the crystallization type of oral fluid on the severity of the inflammatory process can be used in the development of methods for early diagnosis and prevention of periodontal pathology progression.
Male hypogonadism with its systemic complications
Authors: Niedobylski Sylwiusz , Laszczak Katarzyna , Warchoł Konrad , Marczak Aleksandra , Dobosz Maciej , Lewicki Marcin , Obel Ewa
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose: Total lack of testosterone or its level lower than 9-12 mmol/L (250-350 ng/dL) of serum in men is called hypogonadism. Due to the importance of testosterone in male body, hypogonadism usually causes a variety of symptoms, mostly of sexual nature – lack of libido, erectile dysfunction, infertility and associated psychological problems, it can though be the cause of more dangerous changes in the male body. The purpose of this study is to review possible systemic complications of male hypogonadism (with the emphasis on hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) apart from those sex-related.State of knowledge: The lack of testosterone and gonadotropins was proven to cause a number of negative changes in different systems and various clinical situations. It can negatively impact the condition of skeletal system. Although testosterone is widely thought to increase cardiovascular risk some studies show that the hypogonadism has a negative impact on it as well. Some studies hypothesised the role of hypogonadism in anaemia development, but generally it isn’t taken into account in investigation of this condition. Some studies show the impact of hypogonadism on higher risk of some metabolic and endocrine diseases. The most interesting conclusions were found in literature on oncological implications of testosterone and lack of it. It turns out that there is a number of studies showing the positive impact of relatively higher testosterone concentrations while androgen deprivation therapy is the main therapeutic option in advanced prostate cancer.Conclusions: Due to very unpleasant and possibly dangerous complications of hypogonadism endocrinologists should stay alert to signs of hypogonadism to be able to start testosterone replacement in the right moment.
Impact of coffee on human health
Authors: Szuster Ewa , Pawlikowska Anna , Mandera Amanda , Kostrzewska Paulina
Published: October 2020

Coffee is considered as one of the most popular beverages in the world. There are many different methods of preparation which can change the taste but also it could limit the level of dipertenes which raise blood cholesterol. For many years it was thought that the impact of coffee on human health is not very positive. Surprisingly coffee consumption is associated with lower risk of the type 2 diabetes mellitus and lower cancer risk. It also decreases mortality from cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Summarizing, the results of the analyzed studies show positive impact of coffee on human health. To maintain the advantages of this beverage, amount of caffeine, intake of sugar or cream should be limited.
Methods of contraception for men
Authors: Łopuszyńska Anna Małgorzata , Pawlicki Mateusz , Piekarska Ewa , Kozioł Magdalena , Krasa Aleksandra , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: October 2020

Many pregnancies in the world are unintentional and some of them end in abortion, hence there is a great need and amount of research on contraceptives. There are many methods of pregnancy prevention for women. However, men also want to be responsible for their reproductive health. Currently, there are few methods of contraception for men (male condoms, vasectomy, withdrawal) and they have their drawbacks, so research on new contraceptives for men is ongoing. Hormonal methods under research include testosterone, nestorone, and DMAU. On the other hand, adjudin, WIN 18.446, BMS-189453 and RISUG are promising methods of non-hormonal male contraception. These substances can be a discovery and a breakthrough in male contraception, they will allow men to better control their fertility and reproductive health, and can also be a suitable solution for couples in which there are contraindications for women to use contraception.
Pulmonary embolism during pregnancy: How to avoid computed tomographic pulmonary angiography?
Authors: Makuch Marcelina , Makuch Marcin
Published: October 2020

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are well-established risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), but exposure to teratogenic factors should be avoided in pregnant women. A few years ago the YEARS algorithm was developed, primarily to determine the need for CTPA.