bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ПРАКТИКИ – СІМЕЙНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ З ПИТАНЬ АМБУЛАТОРНОЇ ПЕДІАТРІЇ
Authors: Mokiya-Serbina S. O. , Chechel V. V.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – удосконалення підготовки лікарів загальної практики – сімейної медицини шляхом запровадження спеціальної навчальної програми з амбулаторної педіатрії.

Основна частина. Реформа охорони здоров’я, яка здійснюється в Україні, орієнтована на розвиток первинної медико-санітарної допомоги на засадах сімейної медицини, що передбачає, в першу чергу, профілактичну та медико-соціальну спрямованість роботи лікарів первинної ланки. Проте типові програми інтернатури за спеціальністю “Загальна практика – сімейна медицина” наразі не забезпечують відповідну підготовку лікарів у частині профілактичної складової. Так, на питання профілактичної педіатрії припадає 32 год (12,5 % загального часу), а соціальної педіатрії – 2 год (1 %). Відсутність у лікарів загальної практики – сімейної медицини досвіду “нагляду” за дітьми, обмежена кількість навчальних матеріалів, відсутність тематичного удосконалення з питань амбулаторної педіатрії не дозволяють лікарям-практикам підвищити свій професійний рівень.

На кафедрі розроблена навчальна програма циклу тематичного удосконалення з питань амбулаторної педіатрії для лікарів загальної практики – сімейної медицини розрахована на 1 місяць (156 навчальних годин): програма налічує 15 модулів, з яких 8 (45 год – 30 %) стосуються основних напрямів профілактичної та соціальної педіатрії.

Висновок. Залучення висококваліфікованих науково-педагогічних кадрів у лікувально-діагностичний процес амбулаторій буде забезпечувати зростання якості обслуговування дитячого населення та підвищувати підготовку лікарів загальної практики – сімейної медицини.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СЦЕНАРІЇВ З ЕЛЕМЕНТАМИ КЛІНІЧНОЇ ФАРМАКОЛОГІЇ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ОКРЕМИХ ТЕМ З АКУШЕРСТВА ТА ГІНЕКОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Malanchuk L. M. , Kuchma Z. M. , Malanchyn I. M. , Martyniuk V. M. , Krasnyianska L. O. , Malanchuk S. L.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – оцінювання ефективності навчальних симуляційних тренінгів з елементами клінічної фармакології у підвищенні якості освітнього процесу студентів із дисципліни “Акушерство та гінекологія”.

Основна частина. Лікар будь-якої спеціальності, в тому числі і загальної практики, повинен знати причини, клініку, діагностику акушерських кровотеч та тактику залежно від причин, що її зумовили.

Масивні акушерські кровотечі займають провідне місце серед причин різних видів тяжкої акушерської патології, такої, як геморагічний шок, синдром дисемінованого внутрішньосудинного згортання крові тощо, та перше місце серед причин материнської смертності. Частота кровотеч складає від 6 до 11 % усіх пологів. Саме тому актуальним є відпрацювання на фантомі техніки активного ведення ІІІ періоду. В процесі нашої роботи ми зробили висновок, що навчання у симуляційному центрі із ви­користанням сучасних фантомів дозволяє студентам досконало оволодіти основними практичними навичками з акушерства, які можуть стати необхідними у майбутній практичній роботі лікаря загальної практики, а також закладає основу оволодіння деякими маніпуляціями для майбутньої спеціалізації.

Висновки. Сучасний розвиток медичної науки й практики зумовлює необхідність вносити корективи в підготовку студентів-медиків із наближенням їхньої освіти до міжнародних стандартів. Тому якість освіти у вищих навчальних закладах необхідно покращити шляхом ефективної організації та інформатизації навчального процесу, за допомогою впровадження передових наукових розробок у практику викладання.
ФОРМИ КОНТРОЛЮ В МЕДИЧНОМУ ВНЗ України: СТАРИЙ – НОВИЙ УСНИЙ ІСПИТ
Authors: Belenichev I. F. , Bukhtiyarova N. V. , Gorbachova S. V. , Samura I. B.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – аналіз проведення іспиту як основної форми контролю в сучасній системі вищої освіти з точки зору його ефективності; дослідження позитивних сторін та недоліків даної форми рубіжного контролю; аналіз шляхів поновлення іспиту, його нових форм та можливість їх використання в практиці викладання в медичному ВНЗ.

Основна частина. У статті представлені різноманітні форми контролю знань, що застосовуються у Запорізькому державному медичному університеті: вхідний (попередній, діагностичний), поточний (здійснюється безперервно, відстежує рівень знань, умінь і навичок студентів на практичних заняттях), рубіжний (контроль знань, умінь і навичок після закінчення модуля або курсу), відстрочений та підсумковий. Підсумковий контроль ­  державна атестація ­  проводиться у вигляді державних іспитів, у тому числі захисту випускної кваліфікаційної роботи.

Висновки. Основною формою диференційованого рубіжного контролю в ВНЗ є іспит. Іспитом закінчується вивчення предмета або його основного розділу, причому викладач не може відмовитися від даної форми контролю хоча б тому, що вона вказана в навчальному плані, обов’язковому документі, якого необхідно дотримуватись.
ВМОТИВОВАНІСТЬ ЯК ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ СПРЯМОВАНОСТІ У СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНОГО ВНЗ
Authors: Rastvorov A. A. , Rastvorov I. A.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – визначення існуючого ступеня мотивації та її компонент (досягнення, професійної орієнтації та афіляції), їх розвитку в процесі навчання студентів медичного ВНЗ І–ІІ рівня акредитації.

Основна частина. Було проведено анкетування серед 95 студентів медичного ВНЗ на різних етапах навчання з урахуванням наявності досвіду роботи. За результатами оцінювання, було визначено низький, середній та високий рівні сформованості мотивації. При вступі до ВНЗ вмотивовані на отримання саме медичної спеціальності 50–60 % абітурієнтів, які не мають попереднього досвіду роботи. Проте майже всі студенти, що мали досвід практичної роботи, були вмотивовані на отримання саме медичної спеціальності. У процесі навчання відбувається розвиток як мотиваційної компоненти в цілому, так і її складових. За період навчання рівень мотивації у студентів зростає в 1,35–1,6 раза, і має залежність від наявності професійного досвіду. Мотивація до медичної діяльності на середньому та високому рівнях на період завершення ВНЗ сформована у 75 % студентів із обмеженим фаховим досвідом і в 90 % – за умови його наявності.

Висновок. При відборі абітурієнтів до вступу до медичного ВНЗ необхідно враховувати не лише наявний рівень їх знань за загальноосвітніми предметами, але враховувати їх мотивацію до отримання медичної освіти.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ ДО НАВЧАННЯ У СТУДЕНТІВ ХАРКІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Korobchanskyi V. O. , Rezunenko Yu. K. , Herasymenko O. I. , Katelevska N. M. , Bohachova O. S.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – провести аналіз умов формування мотивації до навчання студентів Харківського національного медичного університету (далі – ХНМУ) з вивченням методичних підходів до її формування. Визначити особливості формування мотивації до навчальної діяльності студентів, які засвоюють дисципліну “Гігієна та екологія”. Окрему увагу  приділити питанню факторів ризику формування навчальної мотивації іноземних студентів, які навчаються в ХНМУ.

Основна частина. Експериментальна перевірка умов формування мотивації до пізнавальної діяльності в студентів показала низький рівень сформованості мотивації до пізнавальної діяльності в іноземних студентів, які навчаються російською мовою під час оволодіння знаннями з дисципліни “Гігієна та екологія”. Наслідком цього є нижчий бал поточної успішності студентів, що свідчить про гірший рівень засвоєння знань з дисципліни. Відповідне становище обумовлене недостатнім рівнем усвідомлення значущості набутих знань у подальшій професійній діяльності, а також недостатнім рівнем володіння мовою навчання.

Висновки. Умови формування мотивації до пізнавальної діяльності у студентів-іноземців ХНМУ, які навчаються російською мовою, потребують удосконалення традиційних методів формування мотивації до навчання та впровадження новітніх педагогічних методик при вивченні дисципліни “Гігієна та екологія”, що сприятиме зростанню рівня засвоєння навчального матеріалу. Слід зазначити, що окремої уваги потребує загальна специфіка студентів-іноземців, яка вимагає більшої уваги викладачів до навчальних та виховних заходів.
DEVELOPMENT OF EMPATHIC ABILITIES IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Voloshyna L. O. , Kushnir L. D. , Perepichka M. P. , Doholich O. I. , Leko B. A.
Published: November 2018

The aim of the work – to study the problem of empathy among medical students, cognitive and emotional direction of empathy.

The main body. The study of empathy issues in psychology is of rather long history. The empathy is defined as the human ability to respond emotionally to the worries of another person, animal or any anthropomorphized subject; as an exceptionally emotional phenomenon representing the process of mutual worries – sympathy – internal perception; as realization of emotional state of another person, penetration into the worries of another man; as an ability to touch to emotional life of another person sharing his/her worries; as “transformation” into the position of another man, ability to fell in his/her position; as a sensation reproducing moral unity. In order to study possible relations between empathy and experiencing fault and shame, the empirical research was conducted involving 37 fourth-year students from Bukovyna State Medical University applying the methods of V. V. Boiko to diagnose empathy and J. Tangney to assess feelings of fault and shame.

Conclusion. The necessity to investigate the level of empathy abilities of medical students and their continuous development is stipulated by the time as an important constituent of high professional and humane qualities of a modern doctor.
Impact of Violent Crime on Risk Aversion: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War
Authors: Brown Ryan , Montalva Verónica , Thomas Duncan , Velásquez Andrea
Published: November 2018

Whereas attitudes toward risk play an important role in many decisions over the life course, factors that affect those attitudes are not fully understood. Using longitudinal survey data collected in Mexico before and during the Mexican war on drugs, we investigate how risk attitudes change with variation in insecurity and uncertainty brought on by unprecedented changes in local-area violent crime. Exploiting the fact that the timing, virulence, and spatial distribution of changes in violent crime were unanticipated, we establish there is a rise in risk aversion spread across the entire local population as local-area violent crime increases.
Transfers, Behavior Change Communication, and Intimate Partner Violence: Postprogram Evidence from Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Shalini , Hidrobo Melissa , Hoddinott John , Ahmed Akhter
Published: November 2018

Transfer programs have been shown to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), but little evidence exists on how activities linked to transfers affect IPV or what happens when programs end. We assess postprogram impacts on IPV of randomly assigning women in Bangladesh to receive cash or food, with or without nutrition behavior change communication (BCC). Six to ten months postprogram, IPV did not differ between women receiving transfers and a control group; however, women receiving transfers with BCC experienced 26% less physical violence. Evidence on mechanisms suggests sustained effects of BCC on women's “threat points,” men's social costs of violence, and household well-being.
New combinations in the fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae)
Authors: ZHANG LIANG , GUO LEI , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: November 2018

Following the results of a molecular phylogeny we made nine new combinations in Leptochilus based on morphological, ecological, and distributional evidence. The new combinations include: Leptochilus chilangensis, L. chingii, L. dissimilialatus, L. evrardii, L. flexilobus, L. fluviatilis, L. pentaphyllus, L. poilanei, and L. saxicola.
On the identity of Crotalaria nallamalayana Rasingam & J. Swamy (Fabaceae)
Authors: ARIGELA RAVI KIRAN , SINGH RAJEEV KUMAR
Published: November 2018

The monotypic genus Pycnospora R. Br. ex Wight &Arn. (1834: 197) with recognised species Pycnospora lutescens (Poir.) Schindl. (1926: 145) of family Fabaceae: Faboideae is distributed in Old World tropics (Mabberley 2017). During the taxonomic study of Pycnospora, authors noticed that the recently published new species Crotalaria nallamalayana Rasingam & J. Swamy by Rasingam et al. (2018: 159) in family Fabaceae from Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Mahabubnagar district, Telangana, India is not new to science, but it is well known species of the family Fabaceae (subfamily Faboideae) in the name Pycnospora lutescens. The description, colour images and characters given for stems, leaves and leaflets, petioles, petiolules, inflorescences, peduncles, bracts, flowers, calyx, corolla, stamens, gynoecium, pods and seeds in the protologue of Crotalaria nallamalayana is perfectly matching with the typical Pycnospora lutescens (Poir.) Schindl. Therefore, the species Crotalaria nallamalayana Rasingam & J. Swamy is treated here as a new synonym of Pycnospora lutescens.
Aspidistra cleistantha, a new species of Asparagaceae from Guangxi, China
Authors: NONG DONG-XIN , HUANG XUE-YAN , HUANG BAO-YOU , LÜ HUI-ZHEN
Published: November 2018

A project aimed to investigate and monitor the Chinese Materia Medica raw material resources for national essential drugs has been conducted in Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China since 2012. During the study, some unknown plants were brought into cultivation for further research. These plants constantly flowered in the following years, among which more than 30 Aspidistra Ker Gawler (1822: 628) species. They have been identified after studying relevant literature in China and neighbouring countries (Averyanov & Tillich 2014, Li & Lin 2016, Liang & Tamura 2000, Liang et al. 2016, Lin et al. 2015a, 2015b, Nguyen et al. 2017, Tillich 2005, 2006, 2008, 2014, Tillich & Averyanov 2012, Vislobokov 2016, Vislobokov et al. 2016, 2017). In the present paper, we describe a new species of Aspidistra from limestone mountains, southern Guangxi, namely Aspidistra cleistantha.
Cleisostoma schoenorchaefolium (Orchidaceae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a new species from Lao PDR
Authors: KUMAR PANKAJ , GALE STEPHAN W. , PHAXAYSOMBATH THATSAPHONE , FISCHER GUNTER A.
Published: November 2018

Cleisostoma schoenorchaefolium is described as a new species from limestone karst in Lao PDR. A detailed description with photographs, line drawings and a conservation assessment are presented. Due to the presence of a combination of unique characters (namely, semi-terete leaves with a subulate apex, a two-chambered spur and a complex pollinarium structure), this species cannot be satisfactorily placed in any of the existing sections of the genus. Accordingly, a new section, Teretisculum, is proposed. To aid correct placement of this and other species in their respective sections, a key to infrageneric taxonomy of Cleisostoma is provided.
Summer Covariability of Surface Climate for Renewable Energy across the Contiguous United States: Role of the North Atlantic Subtropical High
Authors: Doering Kenji , Steinschneider Scott
Published: November 2018

This study examines the joint spatiotemporal variability of summertime climate linked to renewable energy sources (precipitation and streamflow, wind speeds, and insolation) and energy demand drivers (temperature, relative humidity, and a heat index) across the contiguous United States (CONUS) between 1948 and 2015. Canonical correlation analysis is used to identify the primary modes of joint variability between wind speeds and precipitation and related patterns of the other hydrometeorological variables. The first two modes exhibit a pan-U.S. dipole with lobes in the eastern and central CONUS. Composite analysis shows that these modes are directly related to the displacement of the western ridge of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH), suggesting that a single, large-scale feature of atmospheric circulation drives much of the large-scale climate covariability related to summertime renewable energy supply and demand across the CONUS. The impacts of this climate feature on the U.S. energy system are shown more directly by examining changes in surface climate variables at existing and potential sites of renewable energy infrastructure and locations of high energy demand. Also, different phases of the NASH are related to concurrent and lagged modes of oceanic and atmospheric climate variability in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins, with results suggesting that springtime climate over both oceans may provide some potential to predict summer variability in the NASH and its associated surface climate. The implications of these findings for the impacts of climate variability and change on integrated renewable energy systems over the CONUS are discussed.
Polarizability of Aspirin at Terahertz Frequencies Using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS)
Authors: Zhang Tianyao , Zhang Zhaohui , Arnold Mark A.
Published: November 2018

A novel application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is described for the determination of permittivity and polarizability of organic crystals, as exemplified by measurements with the polymorph I form of crystalline aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). The coherent nature of the THz pulse experiment, coupled with gated-detection, permits direct measure of differences in the phase angle of the electric field vector after passing through a pellet composed of the aspirin crystals embedded within an inert polymer matrix. An effective media model is used to extract dielectric information for the crystals from the measured time-domain signal that is representative of the entire pellet composition. Polarizability is then obtained for these organic crystals by using the Clausius–Mossotti relationship. Dielectric spectra and polarizability spectra are presented over the 0.3–3 THz frequency range (10–100 cm−1). The average polarizability values measured over the low frequency range (10–20 cm−1) are 22.4 ± 0.3 and 22.4 ± 0.5 Å3 for aspirin crystals embedded within matrixes of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene (PE), respectively.
Role conceptions, crises, and Georgia’s foreign policy
Authors: Nilsson Niklas
Published: November 2018

This article explores the scope conditions of national role conceptions as reference points for foreign policy decision making during crises. It aims to contribute to a refined perspective of the agency of new states undergoing socialization processes in relations with significant others. Drawing on a primary material consisting of interviews with Georgian and US officials, the article analyzes the significance of Georgia’s role conceptions in the country’s relations with the USA in relation to two major crises: the 2007 riots in Tbilisi and the 2008 war with Russia. The article posits that crises provide situational circumstances where the requirements of appropriate behavior associated with role expectations may enter into conflict with the demands of the immediate situation. In order to resolve ensuing role conflicts, actors face the need to both rationalize role expectations, and to compensate for departures from them. In turn, these strategies relate to the possibility for change and stability in role conceptions, and by extension their enactment in foreign policy. The analysis of the Georgian government’s management of the two crises demonstrates actions that implied both rationalization and compensation, aiming to retain the credibility of its existing role conceptions in the eyes of its US counterparts.
Effects of Instructor Training on Language Outcomes of Students With ASD
Authors: Rittenhouse-Cea Holly , Cho Su-Je
Published: November 2018

This study evaluated the effects of a training package on the implementation of incidental teaching by instructors and on targeted initiations of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Four instructors were introduced to incidental teaching through a 1-hr individualized training session. Specific feedback was provided for each incidental teaching session post training. Following initial training, increases in correct implementation of incidental teaching were consistently observed across instructors. The impact of training and feedback effects were measured using a multiple baseline design across participants. Findings showed that the training package increased the correct implementation of incidental teaching as well as student initiations, and produced generalized results.
Acute renal insufficiency and pancreatitis in a child with atypical Henoch–Schönlein purpura: efficacy of a single dose of cyclophosphamide
Authors: Cristina Maggio Maria , Maringhini Silvio , Sabrina Ragusa Saveria , Corsello Giovanni
Published: November 2018

A 9-year-old boy with petechiae on the legs and abdominal pain was unsuccessfully treated with steroids. He was admitted to our hospital for the onset of fever, ecchymosis, and arthralgia. Skin lesions suggested vasculitis, but they were not typical of Henoch–Schönlein purpura. He showed ecchymosis of the scrotal bursa, diffusion of petechiae to the trunk and arms, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, oliguria with hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, low C3 levels, high levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and tubular enzymes, proteinuria, and glycosuria. The urinary sediment showed macrohaematuria, and hyaline and cellular casts. Ultrasound showed polyserositis. He was treated with intravenous furosemide, albumin, and methylprednisolone. He underwent colonoscopy and gastroscopy because of development of acute pancreatitis and severe anaemia. Typical lesions of Henoch–Schönlein purpura were observed in the small intestine and colon mucosa. He received three high doses of methylprednisolone, followed by intravenous cyclophosphamide. A dramatic and persistent response was observed after these doses. A single high dose of cyclophosphamide is appropriate in Henoch–Schönlein purpura with acute renal failure and severe pancreatitis that are non-responsive to high-dose steroids.
Validation Protocol for a Pavement Management System
Authors: Henning Theunis F. P. , Beca Elke , Hart Gordon
Published: November 2018

Being able to undertake more efficient maintenance and renewal planning of road networks has seen a number of pavement management systems (PMS) being developed between the 80s to mid-90s. During the initial years, there was a significant focus on substantiating the need and demonstrating the benefits of using these tools to assist in the investment planning for roads. Today, with substantial experience, and legislative support such as MAP-21 and PASS-55, the use of PMS in the asset management cycle of roads is a given. The challenge these days is to effectively use these tools and ensure robust outcomes are achieved from the overall PMS process. The success of any PMS is determined by a number of factors including having skilled resources, institutional support, and legislative and funding drivers demanding evidence-based forecasted investment needs. Asset managers also realize the importance of having technical robustness in the process to ensure likely outcomes. This paper documents the evolutionary development pathway of the New Zealand PMS that has now been in use across the entire country for more than 18 years. It shows how by always challenging the status quo it has resulted in consistently increasing the overall robustness of the system. In particular, it shows how different validation techniques have been used to improve the practicality and appropriateness of long-term forecasting capabilities.
The New Triffin Dilemma
Authors: Davis Ann E.
Published: November 2018

According to Pozsar, there is a new kind of “Triffin Dilemma.” Due to rising inequality, a shrinking numbers of large banks, and a ceiling on Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured deposits, there is a shortage of “safe assets.” The private supply of safe assets has occurred through the system of shadow banks, and is based on repos, or Treasury Bonds. But the supply of US Treasury bonds is limited by the ceiling on public debt, and is constrained by neoliberal theories of limits to the size of government. As a result, there is a presumed shortage of safe assets, just when the levels of inequality have increased the order of magnitude of assets under management which are in need of protection. There are also large accumulations of cash pools by large multinational corporations, often held overseas to evade taxes. The private provision of safe assets tends to reduce liquidity and increase costs of information, potentially leading to financial instability. Possible resolutions of this issue include (1) progressive taxes to reduce the size of the cash pools, (2) an increase in the ceiling for insured deposits, and (3) increasing support by the Fed for the role of “market maker of last resort.” This paper concludes with the implications of each alternative.

JEL Classification: B5, E44, G01, P1
Screening Using the SDQ Total Difficulties Scale: An Analog Test of Three Cutoff Values
Authors: Renshaw Tyler L.
Published: November 2018

This brief report presents an analog test of the relative classification validity of three cutoff values (CVs; 16, 18, and 20) derived from responses to the self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Total Difficulties Scale. Results from Bayesian t-tests, using several school-specific subjective well-being indicators as dependent variables, yielded evidence suggesting all CV models effectively differentiated between students with lower and higher levels of risk. Evidence also indicated that the lowest CV (16) was more effective than the higher CVs (18, 20) at identifying students with greater levels of risk, and that the higher CVs functioned comparably well. Implications for future research and practice are noted.
Legal Silencing of Minority Legal Culture: The Case of Roma in Swedish Criminal Courts
Authors: Nafstad Ida
Published: November 2018

The traditional Swedish monocentric and uniform legal model is challenged by an increasingly diverse contemporary legal situation associated with the development of a multicultural and pluralistic society. How Swedish criminal courts handle this in terms of understanding and framing minority legal culture is addressed by looking into what role is given to this culture in the courts’ construction of facts and in sentencing. A particularly interesting case in this regard is the national minority Roma, seen as an example of a Swedish group that brings other normative systems into the state legal system through their distinct legal culture. Through an investigation of written verdicts, it is demonstrated that accounts of Roma legal culture face ‘legal silencing’ by the court – it is either not given significance or is given a form of attention that essentializes and alienates the culture. An analysis into why this legal silence occurs and into the possibilities for taking legal culture into account is provided. It is argued that there are structural barriers hampering the courts from taking legal culture into account but also that these structures can be changed for betterment to ensure equality before the law and hence legitimacy in a multicultural society.
Legitimisation of Women School Leaders in India
Authors: Mythili N.
Published: November 2018

Legitimisation of women leaders in school education is a new area of study in India. The present study is carried out by developing a conceptual model and subjecting it to empirical evidence from 20 women school heads of different states in India. It seeks to know how women establish legitimacy as leaders in schools. Women’s leadership-focused behaviours interacting with gender perspectives provides them avenues to navigate passivity of education system, building trust with community and love for children. They diffuse glass-cliff, illegitimacy and backlash effects by ignoring gendered notions or addressing them boldly, grow as experts, work at system level, swapping between promotion-focused and prevention-focused leadership behaviours adapting rational and traditional gender perspectives to their advantage according to the circumstances to establish their legitimacy as leaders.
Bio-inspired self-healing cementitious mortar using Bacillus subtilis immobilized on nano-/micro-additives
Authors: Khushnood Rao Arsalan , ud din Siraj , Shaheen Nafeesa , Ahmad Sajjad , Zarrar Filza
Published: November 2018

Bio-inspired self-healing strategies are much innovative and potentially viable for the production of healable cement mortar matrix. The present research explores the feasibility of gram-positive “Bacillus subtilis” microorganisms in the effective healing of nano-/micro-scale-induced structural and non-structural cracks. The main concern related to the survival of such microorganisms in cementitious environment has been successfully addressed by devising proficient immobilization scheme coherently. The investigated immobilizing media includes iron oxide nano-sized particles, micro-sized limestone particles, and milli-sized siliceous sand. The effect of induced B. subtilis microorganisms immobilized on nano-micro-additives was analyzed by the quantification of average compressive resistance of specimens (ASTM C109) and healing evaluation. The healing process was mechanically gauged by compressive strength regain of pre-cracked specimens after the healing period of 28 days. The pre-cracking load was affixed at 80% of ultimate compressive stress “[Formula: see text]” while the age of pre-cracking was kept variable as 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to precisely correlate healing effectiveness as the function of cracking period. The healing mechanism was further explored by examining the healed micro-crack using field emission scanning electron micrographs, energy dispersive x-ray spectrographs, and thermogravimetry. The results revealed that B. subtilis microorganisms contribute extremely well in the improvement of compressive strength and efficient healing process of pre-cracked cement mortar formulations. The iron oxide nano-sized particles were found to be the most effective immobilizer for preserving B. subtilis microbes till the generation of cracks followed by siliceous sand and limestone particles. The micro-graphical and chemical investigations endorsed the mechanical measurements by evidencing calcite precipitation in the induced nano-/micro-cracks as a result of microbial activity.
Treatment Sensitivity of Direct Behavior Rating–Multi-Item Scales in the Context of a Daily Report Card Intervention
Authors: Hustus Chelsea L. , Owens Julie Sarno , Volpe Robert J. , Briesch Amy M. , Daniels Brian
Published: November 2018

The primary goal of this study was to assess the treatment sensitivity of four newly developed Direct Behavior Rating–Multi-Item Scales (DBR-MIS) that assess the domains of academic engagement, disruptive behavior, organizational skills, and oppositional behavior in the context of a Daily Report Card (DRC) intervention. To achieve this goal, we first evaluated the integrity and effectiveness of the DRC intervention in this sample. Participants included six elementary school teachers, each of whom delivered a DRC intervention with one student from their classroom, while completing DBR-MIS ratings on a daily basis for 2 months. Results confirmed the effectiveness of the DRC intervention (all DRC target behaviors demonstrated improvement, with at least half demonstrating improvement that was moderate to large in magnitude) and revealed a positive relationship between DRC implementation integrity and student outcomes. We found strong evidence for the treatment sensitivity of the DBR-MIS assessing academic engagement, disruptive behavior, and organizational skills. Results for the treatment sensitivity of the DBR-MIS oppositional scale were inconclusive. Implications for progress monitoring using the recently developed DBR-MIS are discussed.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma With Striking Intrasinusoidal Pseudoglandular Growth Pattern as a Diagnostic Dilemma Mimicking Metastatic Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in an Intraabdominal Lymph Node
Authors: Yau David , Aron Manju , Siddiqi Imran N.
Published: November 2018

We report an unusual intrasinusoidal growth pattern of an intraabdominal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma both clinically and histologically mimicking a metastatic adenocarcinoma. A 66-year-old woman presented with a high-grade distal biliary stricture with multiple enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Frozen section at the time of pancreatoduodenectomy (“Whipple”) demonstrated cohesive nests of large atypical cells within a totally effaced lymph node presenting a diagnostic challenge. Immunohistochemistry proved this to be a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma extensively involving the sinusoids.
Recidivism and Neighborhood Governance
Authors: Craw Michael , ten Bensel Tusty
Published: November 2018

Recent research on recidivism emphasizes the importance of neighborhoods to successful prisoner reentry. This research analyzes two ways in which institutions of neighborhood governance affect reentry. First, offenders in neighborhoods with institutions supporting social control may have more success in reintegrating into the community. Second, neighborhood institutions may create barriers to entry for ex-offenders more likely to reoffend. To test this, we combine Arkansas Department of Corrections data on offenders returning to Little Rock between 2004 and 2014 with geocoded data on neighborhood and homeowner associations. We analyze this data using Cox proportional hazards and two-stage residual inclusion models of recidivism hazard. We find that a significant relationship exists between recidivism hazard and neighborhood governance, but that this is attributable to nonrandom assignment of ex-offenders to neighborhoods rather than the role neighborhood organizations play in facilitating reentry.
Comment to Empirical Therapy for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Bareeqa Syeda Beenish , Ahmed Syed Ijlal
Published: November 2018

Chronic suppurative otitis media is an inflammatory condition characterized by disruption of tympanic membrane and aural discharge. It is one of the most incidental conditions in head and neck. There has been a substantial debate about the therapeutic approach for some decades now. From review of past medical literature, it was evident that culture and sensitivity is essential in eradicating the causative organism. However, the cost-effectiveness is a major concern for low-income population. Due to such concern, empirical therapy has proved to be a suitable therapeutic approach since commonly found organisms are highly sensitive to routine antibiotics.
Tourism development and regional production efficiency: Evidence from southwestern China
Authors: Zhou Bo , Xu Yanping , Lee Seul Ki
Published: November 2018

This study examines the relationship between the production efficiency of a region and tourism flows. We use stochastic frontier production models with spatial effects based on data from 46 regions in southwestern China, most of which are economically underdeveloped. The results show that tourist flows (TFs) into a region are significantly related to the region’s production efficiency. The TFs in the neighboring regions also correlate with the production efficiency of a region. This study validates the tourism-led efficiency enhancement proposition at the regional level and has rich implications for practice.
Georg Franck’s ‘The Economy of Attention’: Mental capitalism and the struggle for attention
Authors: van Krieken Robert
Published: November 2018

This article places Georg Franck’s ‘The Economy of Attention’ in the context of the broader discussions of ‘the attention economy’, and the increasing significance of attention in a knowledge society characterised by ever-increasing flows of information and data. I highlight the four core elements of Franck’s theory of the economy of attention: first, the importance of the fundamental human desire for attention; second, his emphasis on the parallels between attention and money, making it more literally a form of capital than is usually assumed; third, the self-reproducing character of attention capital, earning interest just as money does; fourth, the connections between the economy of attention and the expanding impetus towards everyone becoming a celebrity and a ‘brand’ within what he calls ‘mental capitalism’, with the field of academic labour a key example.
Photographing the ‘battlefield’: The role of ideology in photojournalist practices during the anti-austerity protests in Greece
Authors: Veneti Anastasia , Lilleker Darren G , Reilly Paul
Published: November 2018

This article explores the interactions between photojournalists, police and protesters during protests and demonstrations, with a focus on how they influence photographic practices. Journalistic scholarship on issues of objectivity along with the theoretical framework of ideologically structured action are employed in order to examine how the ideological, personal and professional values of photojournalists shape their coverage of protests. These issues are addressed through an empirical study of photojournalists who were tasked with capturing footage of the anti-austerity demonstrations seen in Greece since 2010. The article presents the results of a critical thematic analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with Greek photojournalists between 2015 and 2016. It explores the factors that shaped the image production processes of these photojournalists, with a particular focus on how their often antagonistic interactions with police and protesters led them to reflect upon their role in covering the anti-austerity protests in Greece during this period.
Filicide, journalism and the ‘disempowered man’ in three Australian cases 2010–2016
Authors: Little Janine
Published: November 2018

How can journalism about parents killing their children improve public understanding of the factors influencing these filicide perpetrators? Three Australian cases occurring between 2010 and 2016 focus this question on stepfathers and foster fathers; a group recognised by international filicide research as of high risk for filicide. I consider questions of gender and masculine subjectivity in relation to Australian media coverage of filicide that involves these father figures so that a ‘disempowered man’, a figure introduced in previous work by Little and Tyson, is seen at the centre of journalism about filicide. The purpose of this study is to highlight the need to differentiate between this representational subject as an ideological construct of journalism about lethal family violence, and the perpetrators’ more fragmented and complex lives and social circumstances. It asks how the presence of a ‘disempowered man’ in media representation of filicide signals wider assumptions about appropriate gender role performance that need to be more fully accounted for and addressed as part of improving public understanding of the crime.
Wasted talent: Battling exclusionary forces among senior entrepreneurs
Authors: Martin William F , Welsch Harold
Published: November 2018

One of the phenomena involving social exclusion is the barriers to confronting senior entrepreneurs, silver entrepreneurs or older entrepreneurs. Often forced into retirement prematurely, they still have a long and potentially productive career ahead of them via self-employment. They can do whatever they dreamed of doing but never had the chance. This study examines demographic changes in society and the alternative career paths that influence retired individuals via social capital. Conceptually, it is held that many social ties are positively related to founding behaviour. Potential founders often require a variety of executive resources before and during the founding process. We found that older entrepreneurs arrange their social capital, which they have nurtured along their previous career, with specific resources needed at each stage of the business cycle.
Markets changing, changing markets: Institutional work as market shaping
Authors: Baker Jonathan J. , Storbacka Kaj , Brodie Roderick J.
Published: November 2018

There is increasing interest in the marketing discipline to adopt an institutional perspective when examining markets. This requires seeing markets as complex systems that evolve through time, rather than as preexisting, stable structures. Using a historical, longitudinal case study, we integrate the “institutional work” framework as a lens to understand the process of market change in the novel, historic case of circus in North America through the 20th century. We explore the decline of the market for traditional American circus, and the emergence, in the 1970s, of the adjacent market for new circus, with a specific focus on the world’s preeminent new circus company, Cirque du Soleil. Theoretical contributions of the article include a “market-shaping activities” framework that illustrates market shaping involves considerably more actors than the dyad of producer and consumer. Market-shaping occurs through an interdependent process involving institutionalized practices, beliefs and expectations, and the intentional activities of market actors at any institutional level. Market change is shared, iterative, and recursive, that is cocreated, and undertaken by market actors both formal and informal. Market shapers do not necessarily work in an orchestrated fashion; nevertheless, vibrant networks of complementary actors contribute positively to the construction of shared identities and normative networks. From a managerial perspective, we find implications for policy makers, funders, strategists, and marketers.
Did we trade freedom for credit? Finance, domination, and the political economy of freedom
Authors: Preiss Joshua
Published: November 2018

This article concerns freedom and financial markets. First, I consider the republican case for liberalization, extending Robert Taylor’s economic model of republicanism to financial markets. This case adopts what I call a “philosopher-king” approach to political theory, arguing by reference an ideal or first-best set of policies or reforms. Then, I investigate the negative externalities of several decades of financial market liberalization, including the erosion of political accountability and the growing concentration of political and economic power in the hands of those best suited to profit from the rise of finance. From this “political economy” perspective, the impact of liberalization is clear: we paid for greater access to credit with political and economic domination. In republican terms, we traded freedom for credit. My analysis, moreover, has implications for republican debates on freedom and the market. In second-best worlds, where reforms will almost certainly be incremental, shaping the balance of power in ways that impact future policy, judging reforms by reference to a vision of domination-free markets will often suggest policies that make individuals less free. The political economy approach is far more relevant to debates about which economic institutions further or hinder freedom as non-domination.
Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing of a Collapsed and Thrombosed Aortic Stent-Graft With Renovisceral Chimney Stent-Grafts
Authors: Lareyre Fabien , Mialhe Claude , Dommerc Carine , Raffort Juliette
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To report the use of the Nellix endovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS) system in the management of proximal stent-graft collapse associated with thrombosis following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Case Report: A 76-year-old man was admitted for proximal collapse of an aortic extension following bifurcated AFX stent-graft implantation associated with chimney grafts in both renal arteries and the superior mesenteric artery 1 month prior. Imaging identified thrombosis of the aortic stent-graft and the iliac limbs. A Nellix EVAS was placed into the AFX stent-graft to recanalize the aneurysm lumen and address the aortic thrombosis. There was no endoleak, and the renovisceral chimney stent-grafts remained patent over a follow-up of 25 months. Conclusion: While further studies are required to generalize its use, EVAS appears to be feasible in the management of aortic stent-graft collapse.
Nutritional Implications of Dietary Interactions: A Review
Authors: Caballero Benjamin
Published: November 2018

A large number of dietary interactions have been described. Of these, only a relatively small number have been proved of relevance for human nutrition under the conditions of real diets. These interactions most often occur at the intestinal lumen, but they may also take place during utilization or storage of nutrients. Traditional diets of developing countries, which usually include non-refined cereals and other sources of fibre, may inhibit the bioavailability of mineral nutrients, contributing to specific deficiencies. Drug-nutrient interactions may also impact on nutritional status, particularly in population groups such as the elderly, who frequently receive prolonged medication and may have an inadequate food intake.
Women's Role in Food Production and Nutrition: Implications for Their Quality of Life
Authors: Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd , Mascarenhas Ophelia , Wandel Margareta
Published: November 2018

The authors review the literature on the subject of how women's work along the food chain may affect their nutritional status and other aspects of their lives. They point out the discrimination against women in food and work allocation: women often work harder and have greater energy expenditures than men but get less food. Bennett makes this point in her article too, and McGuire touches on it as well.
Formulation and Evaluation of Home-Made Weaning Mixes Based on Local Foods
Authors: Reddy N. Snehalatha , Waghmare S. Y. , Pande Vijaya
Published: November 2018

One way to prevent protein-energy malnutrition is to provide nutritious weaning foods to infants. In India, several commercial mixes are available, but they are often too expensive for persons of low socio-economic status. To find a more affordable product, four weaning mixes were formulated using local foods and traditional processing techniques. They were evaluated for acceptability by a sample target population of mothers and infants, and for protein, iron, and energy content using established laboratory methods. All the mixes were inexpensive and nutritious, and remained acceptable even after being stored for one month.
The Importance of Dietary Quality versus Quantity for Weanlings in Less Developed Countries: A Framework for Discussion
Authors: Brown Kenneth H.
Published: November 2018

Weanlings in less developed countries commonly grow more slowly than reference populations from industrialized societies. Although the functional implications of these different patterns of growth are not certain, it is generally believed that children's diets should permit full expression of their growth potential. To achieve this goal, the focus of public health nutrition programmes in less developed countries has evolved from an earlier emphasis on enhanced protein consumption to a current emphasis on increased energy intake. However, these programmes often neglect consideration of the quality of weanlings’ diets and its potential importance for a variety of functional outcomes, including its relation to appetite and energy consumption. These issues are discussed in greater detail, and a conceptual framework is presented for the classification of different aspects of dietary quality.