bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Direct synthesis of the organic and Ge free Al containing BOG zeolite (ITQ-47) and its application for transformation of biomass derived molecules
Authors: Huang Qintong , Chen Ningyue , Liu Lichen , Arias Karen S. , Iborra Sara , Yi Xianfeng , Ma Chao , Liang Weichi , Zheng Anmin , Zhang Chuanqi , Hu Jibo , Cai Zilin , Liu Yi , Jiang Jiuxing , Corma Avelino
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Direct synthesis of the organic and Ge free Al containing BOG zeolite (ITQ-47) and its application for transformation of biomass derived molecules’ by Qintong Huang et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04044d.
Prato reaction derived polythiophene/C60 donor–acceptor double cable polymer, fabrication of photodetectors and evaluation of photocurrent generation
Authors: Iftikhar Sunniya , Aslam Saba , Butt Nauman Zafar , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Yameen Basit
Published: November 2020

A polythiophene/C60 D–A covalent hybrid developed via a combination of GRIM polymerization, side chain engineering, and Prato reaction exhibited higher photocurrent generation when used as a photoactive layer in an organic photodetector.
Highly sensitive single-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole/phenylalanine core–shell nanorods for ammonia gas sensing
Authors: Xuan Du Wen , Lee Hee-Jae , Byeon Jun-Ho , Kim Ji-Sun , Cho Ki-Sub , Kang Sungmin , Takada Masaki , Kim Jin-Yeol
Published: November 2020

Core–shell nanorod composites with a SWCNT in core and PPy/PA shells, SWCNT@PPy@PA, for 100 ppb ammonia gas sensing.
Preparation of non-fullerene acceptors with a multi-asymmetric configuration in a one-pot reaction for organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Yan , Xie Ziyi , Shan Tong , Zhu Lei , Liu Feng , Zhong Hongliang
Published: November 2020

Non-fullerene acceptors with a multi-asymmetric configuration are prepared in a one-pot reaction and show distinct properties.
The role of extracellular matrix in tumour angiogenesis: the throne has NOx servants
Authors: Alsharabasy Amir M. , Glynn Sharon A. , Pandit Abhay
Published: November 2020

The extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics in tumour tissue are deregulated compared to the ECM in healthy tissue along with disorganized architecture and irregular behaviour of the residing cells. Nitric oxide (NO) as a pleiotropic molecule exerts different effects on the components of the ECM driving or inhibiting augmented angiogenesis and tumour progression and tumour cell proliferation and metastasis. These effects rely on the concentration of NO within the tumour tissue, the nature of the surrounding microenvironment and the sensitivity of resident cells to NO. In this review article, we summarize the recent findings on the correlation between the levels of NO and the ECM components towards the modulation of tumour angiogenesis in different types of cancers. These are discussed principally in the context of how NO modulates the expression of ECM proteins resulting in either the promotion or inhibition of tumour growth via tumour angiogenesis. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of individual ECM components on the expression of the NO synthase enzymes and NO production were reviewed. These findings support the current efforts for developing effective therapeutics for cancers.
Protection of BCI system via reversible watermarking of EEG signal
Authors: Bhalerao S. , Ansari I.A. , Kumar A.
Published: November 2020

The brain–computer interface (BCI) system is doing wonders for people suffering from restricted physical abilities due to accidents or diseases. BCI requires recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) from the subject in order to control electrical devices. In the wireless BCI system, there is always a possibility of EEG signal tampering/attacking during transmission, which may result in malfunction of the BCI system. This work introduces a security block in the BCI system that can ensure that the recorded EEG signals are intact at the receiving end of wireless BCI system. The security block identifies any tampering as well as authenticates the EEG signals at receiving end. Any change in EEG signal can result into classification error; because of that prediction error expansion based reversible watermarking approach has been used. The proposed scheme works efficiently and performance of BCI system remains unaltered after inclusion of security block.
Automated unsupervised learning‐based clustering approach for effective anomaly detection in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Authors: Govindaraj Vishnuvarthanan , Thiyagarajan Arunprasath , Rajasekaran Pallikonda , Zhang Yudong , Krishnasamy Rajesh
Published: November 2020

This research study is intended to deliver effective magnetic resonance (MR) brain image segmentation, which is an ambiguous process in the domain of medical image analysis. In general, MR brain image comprises various tissue structures; and an accurate representation of the above‐mentioned regions is essential to have a perfect identification of different grades of tumours, and obtaining effective demarcation of different areas in which the oedema portion is widespread. The accurate representation and identification of the abnormal regions in the MR images can be a vital tool for the radiologists and oncologists to proceed further with the treatment processes. This study aims in developing a novel automated approach that combines self‐organising map and interval type‐2 fuzzy logic clustering, providing ample knowledge to the clinicians in identifying the aberrant regions present in the patient brain. A non‐invasive analysis blended with quicker segmentation results are proffered by the proposed methodology and its functioning abilities have been assessed using comparison metrics such as mean‐squared error (MSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), processing time duration, and few other standard metrics. The proposed methodology has offered commendable MSE and PSNR values, which are 0.234778 and 54.847 dB, and it can be undeniably utilised for analysing the patient diseases.
Impact of TCAM size on power efficiency in a network of OpenFlow switches
Authors: Ghiasian Ali
Published: November 2020

Recent developments in networking include the interest in software‐defined networking, in which OpenFlow switches are in charge of forwarding traffic by matching incoming packets with forwarding rules in their flow tables. Flow tables are commonly implemented in ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs). Typically, this type of memory tends to be extremely expensive and to be power‐hungry devices. The price and power dissipation of TCAM depend on the capacity of the memory. A blind design of memory size can result in dramatic degradation in performance and power efficiency of the entire network. In this study, the authors clarify this impact and show how the optimum value of TCAM capacity is attainable. They also propose a power consumption model for TCAM‐based OpenFlow switches. Simulation results show that the proposed solution reduces the average power consumption by 24% compared to the minimum link on method and by 11.5% compared to the minimum node on (MNO) method and thus power efficiency is better achieved when each memory is supplied by appropriate TCAM size.
Effective spam filter based on a hybrid method of header checking and content parsing
Authors: Chu Ko‐Tsung , Hsu Hua‐Ting , Sheu Jyh‐Jian , Yang Wei‐Pang , Lee Cheng‐Chi
Published: November 2020

In recent years, hazardous e‐mails arose, such as the e‐mails infected with ‘viruses’ or ‘worms’ spreading destructive programs and the ‘Phishing Mails’ defrauding e‐mail accounts of the users. The number of spams continue to grow. With the related problems of spam coming to be more severe, the spam topics have become significant in various research domains. The common filtering methods include black/white list, rule learning, and those based on text classification, such as Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and boosting trees, multi‐agent and genetic algorithm. Among these, the methods based on text classification are most widely applied. Moreover, some efficient methods were proposed to consider only the e‐mail's header section, based on which both operating efficiency and classification efficiency could be improved. By applying machine learning technique and decision tree data mining algorithm C4.5, this study aims to propose an efficient spam filtering method with the following features: (i) proposing a two‐phase filtering mechanism to scan mainly e‐mail's header and auxiliary content. (ii) Reducing the problem of false positive. The experimental results show that the authors’ method has a considerably high accuracy rate of 98.76%. Compared with some other methods of using the same spam data sets or of deep learning‐based, their method obviously has an excellent performance.
Prevalence of opisthorchiasis in the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Proskurina Lyudmila , Koltun Guli , Simakova Margarita , Repsh Natalia , Belov Alexander
Published: November 2020

The territory of the Pavlodar region is a natural focus with a high intensity of the spread of opisthorchiasis invasion among people. One of the important preventive measures in the foci of opisthorchiasis is the elimination of helminths in the body of the main owners, which leads not only to the rupture of the biological chains of helminth development, but also to the protection of the environment from invasive pollution. Opisthorchiasis is widespread in the Pavlodar region, the extensiveness of invasion among carnivores is 5.7%. Cases of the incidence of cats were detected in five out of 10 districts (Aksu, Aktogay, Pavlodar, Shcherbaktinsky, Maysky), dogs -in two districts (Terenkol, Irtysh). Opisthorchiasis was not revealed in the study of the pig population. Cats and dogs, especially in coastal rural settlements of the region, support the existence of opisthorchiasis foci and contribute to their stabilization. The main source of the release of opisthorchis eggs into the external environment are cats, their infection rate is 2 times higher than that of dogs. In the Pavlodar region, opisthorchiasis of animals is caused by the O. felineus pathogen or cat fluke.
Silver-based drug effect on the body of calves with diarrhea
Authors: Olentsova Elena , Orobets Vladimir , Sevostyanova Olga , Kireev Ivan , Agarkov Alexander
Published: November 2020

Diarrhea of newborn calves is a globally common disease that causes significant damage to livestock. Economic losses from diarrhea in young cattle are directly related to the cost of long-term treatment of animals and their mortality, as well as the projected decrease in productivity, which negatively affects the efficiency of maintaining the entire herd. Currently, it is an established fact that diarrhea of newborn calves has a polyethological nature, which has an interaction in pathogenesis between the calf’s body, enteropathogens and the technology of keeping animals. For the treatment of calves with diarrhea caused by enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, many methods and schemes using various antibiotics have been proposed. The need for fast and efficient treatment for acute diarrhea of calves in many cases leads to an empirical selection of the drug without taking into account the spectrum of its activity. This approach leads to the appearance and rapid spread of antibiotic resistant strains of microorganisms and as a result reduces the effectiveness of veterinary measures. The article presents the results of a study of the effect of a new complex drug containing stabilized silver particles, an immunostimulator and an antioxidant on the body of calves with diarrhea, as an alternative to the antibiotics. Studies were conducted on calves of the first week of life with a diagnosis of diarrhea, with enteropathogenicEscherichia coliconfirmation.
Cell-mediated transfer of immune protection factors to newborn calves
Authors: Proskurina Lyudmila , Enns Elena , Simakova Margarita , Repsh Natalia , Zamaratskiy Dmitriy
Published: November 2020

Immunocompetent cells in the blood, colostrum (milk) of cows and in the blood of newborn calves obtained from these animals give grounds to assert that newborn calves acquire cellular immune protection due to the intake of colostrum. With the colostrum of cows, not only nonspecific, but also specific immunocompetent cells enter the newborn’s body. The creation of colostral immunity is determined by the presence of a sufficient number of protective factors in colostrum and increased permeability of the intestinal histohematogenous barrier, which is capable of passing large immunoglobulin bodies and lymphocytes unchanged in the first 24-36 hours of life. A large number of specific immunocompetent cells found in colostrum is directly related to their increased content in the blood of these animals. The strength of the immune response depends on the preservation of immunological memory cells in the blood of revaccinated animals, some of which are represented in the pool of brucellin-reactive T-lymphocytes.
Veterinary and sanitary examination of yak slaughter products in case of invasive diseases in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory
Authors: Zamaratskii Dmitrii , Simakova Margarita , Koltun Guli , Podvalova Viktoriia
Published: November 2020

Primorsky Territory is a platform for the intensification of the livestock industry in order to provide the population with high-quality meat products. However, the introduction of new species of animals (yaks, camels, highly productive breeds of cattle) to the territory of the region contributes to the emergence and spread of invasions among them. Fascioliasis, dictyocaulosis, piroplasmidosis are natural focal parasitic diseases of animals that are widespread in the Primorsky Territory. They are detected almost every day during the veterinary and sanitary examination of animal slaughter products. Despite the absence of a threat of infection with these diseases for humans through meat and by-products, there remains a risk of deterioration in the quality of such products and the development of defects in meat raw materials, which leads to the impossibility of further sale and consumption. Yaks were brought to the Primorsky Territory in 2010 as an experiment, and in 2015, farmers actively used these animals as beef cattle, since their simplicity in keeping significantly reduced the cost of the meat production process. The conditions of keeping yaks in the Primorsky Territory contributed to their infection with parasitic diseases, the extent of the invasion of which reached 60% and more.
Effects of different EMS solution concentration and time treatment on morphological traits of Cyperus esculentus L
Authors: Ye Yan , Li Xueying , Qian Hailin , Yang Songnan , Han Xiao , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2020

In order to study the effect of concentration and time of EMS solution on the emergence and performance of agricultural characters of Cyperus esculentus L., Jinong oil 6 was used as the experimental material, and different concentration (0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%) and different treatment time (6h, 12h, 24h) were set to treat the seeds of Cyperus esculentus L.. The results showed that the seedling emergence rate, 100 seed weight and seed volume had different performance under different solution concentration and time treatment, and there was strong correlation between them. It was preliminarily considered that the higher solution concentration and time treatment had greater influence on the performance of agricultural characteristics of Cyperus esculentus L., and the combination of 0.9% solution concentration and 6h time was the best condition for EMS induction , tiller number, plant height, yield and other agronomic characters are the most best.
Growth and development of triticale culture in the Amur Region (Russia)
Authors: Muratov Aleksey
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of studies to determine the optimal density of spring triticale plants at different seeding rates in the southern agricultural zone of the Amur Region (Russia) in order to obtain an optimal grain yield. This crop is new for the Amur Region. It is considered more resistant to stressful weather factors and soil conditions and may become an important link in the production of feed grain in the region. The paper presents the results of field studies of the duration of interfacial periods of spring triticale. The influence of varieties and sowing rates on seedling density and field germination of seeds was determined, as well as the influence of varieties and seeding rates on plant survival. Also, the influence of different seeding rates on grain yield of spring triticale was studied. The paper provides an assessment of dynamics of the average grain yield of spring triticale depending on the seeding rate.
Mycotoxins, pesticides and heavy metals content in the winter wheat grain at different cultivation technologies on leached Kuban chernozem
Authors: Shabanova Irina , Neshchadim Nikolay , Gorpinchenko Ksenia , Boyko Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

The influence of fertilizers and plant protection products for the mycotoxins, pesticides and heavy metals accumulation in the grain of winter wheat variety Antonina grown at the experimental station of the Kuban University was investigated. In the resulted grain there were no traces of the fungicide “Фалькон”, insecticide “Эйфория “ and herbicide “Секатор турбо” used in the cultivation. The content of T-2 toxin is almost at the level of MPC 0.1 mg / kg in all variants of the experiment that indicates the fungal infection invading from the soil. The content of Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr in grain did not exceed MAC for adult nutrition.
Geoinformation monitoring of crop productivity using intelligent analysis of vegetation indices
Authors: Tokarev Kirill , Orlova Yulia , Kuzmin Vsevolod , Pleshenko Tatyana
Published: November 2020

One of the most promising areas of development of the system for managing programmed agricultural production and increasing its productivity at present in Russia and abroad is the use of remote monitoring and sensing systems for subsequent interpretation of the data obtained by calculating and visualizing vegetation indices using intelligent systems. Using geomonitoring systems allows you to monitor the state of crops, make timely decisions on the implementation of appropriate agricultural measures. The development of the remote monitoring system, due to the increase in the number of satellites and the formation of available space survey data, suggests the possibility of creating an effective system for monitoring agricultural land and assessing crop yields.
Analysis of linear growth of Korean pine undergrowth (Pinus koraiensis sieb.et zucc) (Primorsky territory)
Authors: Rozlomiy Natalia , Gukov Gennady , Kirpichnikov Stepan
Published: November 2020

Today, reforestation is becoming a priority task for Russia’s forest policy, but many issues are still poorly understood. When developing forest plantation, many factors, both biotic and abiotic, are not taken into account, which leads to the death of the developed forest stands. The results of studies of provenance trial plantations of Siberian cedar (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) and Korean cedar (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc) in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Khabarovsk Krai are reflected in a number of works (Bratilova, 2004; Iroshnikov, 1983, 2001; Kuznetsova, 1998; Romanova et al., 1996; Koryakin et al., 1999, etc.). At the same time, the problems associated with the creation, growth and development of provenance trial plantation in the Primorsky Territory remain poorly understood. The aim of the work is to identify the nature of the interdependencies of linear growth of pine stands in various environmental conditions. The indicator studied in the paper is a series of deviations and linear growth from age states (i.e. growth indices), which characterize the degree of variability during tree growth. The object of measurements was a Korean pine on the territory of the forest area of the Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy.
Cenopopulation dynamics of Cisbaikalia medicinal plants
Authors: Khudonogova Elena , Polovinkina Svetlana , Namzalov Bimba-Tsyren , Dubrovsky Nikolai , Ondar Sergey
Published: November 2020

The article provides information on the study of the dynamic processes occurring in cenopopulations of 16 species of medicinal plants used both in scientific and folk medicine (Achillea asiatica Serg., Artemisia frigida Willd., Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Holub, Comarum palustre L., Geranium pratense L., Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb., Fragaria orientalis Losinsk., Mentha arvensis L., Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem., Potentilla anserina L., Potentilla bifurca L., Ribes spicatum E. Robson, Rosa majalis Herrm., Rubus matsumuranus Levl. Et Vaniot, Spiraea salicifolia L., Vaccinium uliginosum L.): age coefficient, recovery index, development rate. Identification of the population confinement of species to existing ecological and coenotic conditions, determination of demographic parameters, study of the development dynamics, methods of self-maintenance and survival strategies serve as the basis for the rational use of plant resources. The stable and dynamically developing medicinal plant cenopopulations, with a high recovery index, with a tendency to develop towards rejuvenation, include the cenopopulations of Geranium pratense of the Ziminsky region, Pulmonaria mollis of the Alar and Irkutsk regions, Rubus matsumuranus of the Irkutsk region. The results of the analysis of the cenopopulation dynamics of the studied species made it possible to identify stable, dynamically developing cenopopulations and recommend them for use.
Genetic basis of the probiotic properties ofLactobacillus
Authors: Korostylev Nikita , Prazdnova Evgenia , Mazanko Maria , Meskhi Besarion , Rudoy Dmitry , Ermakov Alexey , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Chistyakov Andrey , Zharov Viktor
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study is to search and systematize genes associated with the probiotic properties of strains of the genus Lactobacillus, which are symbionts of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. The following purpose were pursued in the study: to establish the molecular features of the probiotic properties of strains of the genus Lactobacillus; to find the genes associated with probiotic properties of Lactobacillus strains; to systematize the genes found according to the molecular characteristics of their products; to characterize these genes, evaluate perspectives of searching for new and using already found ones. Various genomic and proteomic databases were used to search for information on the genetics of probiotic strains. In the course of the study, genes that provide probiotic activity were found, characterized and systematized. These genes are associated with the ability of probiotics to develop in the digestive tract of animals, the ability to attach to the intestinal walls, nutritional characteristics and antipathogenic activity, which manifests in the synthesis of low and high molecular weight metabolites.
The parallel approach to issue of operational management optimization problem on transport gateway system
Authors: Egorov Alexander , Krupenina Natalya , Tyndykar Lyubov
Published: November 2020

The universal parallelization software shell for joint data processing, implemented in combination with a distributed computing system, is considered. The research purpose – to find the most effective solution for the navigable canal management information system organizing. One optimization option is to increase computer devices computing power by combining them into a single computing cluster. The management optimizing task of a locked shipping channel for execution to adapt in a multi-threaded environment is proposed with constraints on a technologically feasible schedule. In article shows algorithms and gives recommendations for their application in the subtasks formation in parallel processing case, as well as on a separate thread. The proposed approach to building a tree of options allows you to optimally distribute the load between all resources multi-threaded system any structure.
Digital maritime container terminal - an element of digitalization of container transportation systems
Authors: Koroleva Elena , Sokolov Sergey , Makashina Irina , Filatova Evgeniya
Published: November 2020

Sea container terminals are an important infrastructure element in the global supply chain. An increase in the number and size of container ships, as well as an increase in container traffic, led to the expansion of sea container terminals and an increase in their capacity. Extra-large container vessels require more handling equipment, as well as more storage space for containers, and increased throughput capacity for supporting infrastructures. To solve these complex problems in a global competition, the search for integrated effective solutions is required. The article proposes a solution to the integrated digitalization of the sea container terminal.
Methodical approaches to economic assessment of farming system efficiency taking into account quality of the land resources
Authors: Churilova Klavdia , Volkova Elena
Published: November 2020

The existing methodical approaches to the assessment of the farming system efficiency and agricultural lands are based on the physical hectares not taking into account quality of the plots, and thus it distorts the reliability of the calculation of indices. The existing methods of determination of cadastral price of the agricultural lands comprise the variety of qualitative indicators. In connection with this we suggest the methods of assessment of the farming system efficiency in accordance with the output factors per 1 ruble of cadastral value of the agricultural lands: gross (commodity) output of crop production (technologic efficiency coefficient of land resources); income of production and realization of crop production and animal husbandry products with and without state support (land resources net profit ratio with and without state support), level of state support efficiency. For comparison, the index method is used. The researches prove that indices taking into account cadastral assessment of land resources differ from indices calculated in accordance with physical values and allow judging of influence of land resources quality on technological as well as on economic result, and also assess comparative level and efficiency of state support rendered. The method implies carrying out comparative assessment of efficiency of developing and existing farming systems in regard to agricultural enterprises, regions, agricultural zones and also assessment of the level and efficiency of state support using indices of the cadastral assessment.
Planning of professional and life trajectories of university graduates of environmental educational programs
Authors: Filimonyuk Ludmila , Lobeyko Yuri , Ivashova Valentine , Chvalun Rose , Kalashova Anna
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of constructing the life trajectories of graduates of environmental educational programs, the role of the professional orientation of the individual in this process. A review of publications by Russian and foreign authors is presented, arguing the relevance of the research topic. We have shown the influence of successful social and professional socialization of graduates-ecologists in the system of higher agricultural education on the certainty of their life and professional trajectories. Based on the materials of an empirical study carried out by a questionnaire survey among graduate students of environmental educational programs, we concretized the ideas of young people about professional and life trajectories after graduation. A positive result of social and professional socialization of graduates of environmental programs of an agricultural university can be considered the professional certainty of more than 90% of students by the time they complete their studies at the university. The basis of goal-setting for graduates of environmental programs of agricultural universities for the next 10-20 years is: achieving material well-being and high earnings; interesting job; creating a family and raising children. More than 90% of graduates are confident in achieving their goals. According to environmental graduates, personal qualities are needed to achieve success in life (purposefulness, diligence, resourcefulness); business connections, acquaintances; patience and hard work.
Methodological approaches to the study of socio-economic constraints on sustainable development of the Karelian Arctic region in modern conditions
Authors: Volkov Aleksander
Published: November 2020

The article examines the tools of sociological research, used in the study of the state and prospects of the socio-economic and environmental development of the Karelian Arctic region, its human capital, as a factor in the sustainable development of the region. Special attention is paid to the reasons for choosing migration from the region of residence as a form of investment in the human capital, as well as the role of a wide range of factors in deciding on migration, such as environmental, economic and social ones. The tasks of a comprehensive study of the processes of regional socio-economic and ecological development are considered, the methodological approaches used at each stage of this study are determined, the importance of sociological tools in the system of goals and objectives of this study is identified. The process of forming a special economic and legal regime of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation as a whole and the Karelian Arctic region requires taking into account not only the entire spectrum of the latest problems of these territories, but also updating the knowledge about the features of their socio-economic and ecological economic development. These circumstances require the improvement of research tools used in the study of these processes.
Principles of criminal law in the field of ensuring environmental safety
Authors: Knyazeva O.V. , Sych К.А. , Khotkina O.K.
Published: November 2020

Enormous scale of issues of protecting the natural environment becomes more and more obvious as well as issues of development of human civilization. Current criminal legislation (Art. 2 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation) points to the protection of environment by means of law. This is the subject of Chapter 26 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation “Environmental Crimes”, where this group of crimes include water pollution (Art. 250 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation), air pollution (Art. 251 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation), marine pollution (Art. 252 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation) ), damage to the land (Art. 254 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation), destruction or damage of forest plantations (Art. 262 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation). These types of crimes are especially relevant at present, after a number of emergency situations associated with river pollution in a number of regions, as well as cases with forest fires. In this regard, attention is drawn to the legislative list of principles of criminal law. In particular, the principle of justice (Article 6 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation), which affects the interests of perpetrators of a crime. However, it should be recognized that the very category of “justice” presupposes not only consideration of interests of guilty person, but also interests of victim of a crime. Justice, as a principle of criminal law, should include, among other aspects, the restoration of victim's right violated by the crime and compensation for the harm caused to the victim.
Exploring the hidden world of solute atoms, clusters and vacancies in aluminium alloys
Authors: Banhart John , Yang Zi , Liu Meng , Madanat Mazen , Zhang Xingpu , Guo Qianning , Yan Yong , Röhsler Andreas , Fricke Konrad , Liang Zeqin , Leyvraz David , Hoell Armin , Gericke Eike , Wendt Robert , Liu Chunhui
Published: November 2020

Precipitation hardening involves solutionising, quenching and annealing steps, the latter often at various temperatures. The phenomena observed in Al-Mg-Si alloys are very complicated and partially not well understood. During and after quenching, solute atoms diffuse through the lattice assisted by vacancies and form atom clusters that gradually grow. These act back onto vacancies, which complicates the situation. We apply positron annihilation techniques in addition to traditional hardness, resistivity and thermal measurements to clarify what happens in various stages of thermal treatment: The quenching process can be divided into a stage of vacancy loss and of precipitation. Very short artificial ageing treatments after heating at different rates show that there is a competition between vacancy losses and cluster formation as the temperature increases. The difference between natural ageing and artificial ageing can be defined based on the importance of excess vacancies. Based on such results the behaviour of “invisible” objects such as vacancies and small clusters can be better understood but some open question remain such as the kinetics of secondary ageing or the details of the negative effect of natural ageing on artificial ageing.
Influence of transition elements (V, Zr and Mo) and cooling rate on the precipitation of dispersoids in Al-7Si-0.6Cu-0.35Mg foundry alloy
Authors: Li Dong , Liu Kun , Chen X-Grant
Published: November 2020

In the present work, individual/combined additions of transition elements (V, Zr and Mo) were introduced into Al-7Si-0.6Cu-0.35Mg foundry alloy at different cooling rates to study their influence on the precipitation behaviour of dispersoids. Results showed that both individual and combined additions of V, Zr, Mo lead to the formation of dispersoids but with different composition, morphology and number density during solution treatment. The addition of V produces the precipitation of both (Al,Si)3M dispersoids and α-dispersoids, while the Zr addition promotes (Al,Si)3M type dispersoids but inhibits the formation of α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si dispersoids. The addition of Mo effectively promotes α-Al(Mn,Mo,Fe)Si dispersoids and significantly reduces the dispersoid size and increase the number density of dispersoids. The combined addition of V, Zr and Mo produces the largest number of finer dispersoids among all five alloys studied, but the most dispersoids are (Al,Si)3M. The (Al,Si)3M dispersoids and α-dispersoids have the rod-like and block-like morphologies, respectively. High cooling rate can generally refine the dispersoids and increase their number density, while it also increases the proportion of (Al,Si)3M dispersoids.
Post corrosion tensile strength and failure of dissimilar friction stir welded aluminium alloys
Authors: Raturi Madhav , Bhattacharya Anirban
Published: November 2020

The present study efforts towards appraising the effects of corrosion on the tensile and fracture behaviour of dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys. Three different dissimilar FSW joints obtained between AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T651, AA6061-T6 and AA2014-T6, AA7075-T651 and AA2014-T6, using threaded pin profile with three flat faces (TIF) tool at rotational speed of 1200 rpm and welding speed of 98 mm/min. The maximum joint tensile strength was achieved for AA7075-AA2014 joints followed by AA6061-AA2014 and least recorded for AA6061-AA7075 for as obtained FSW joints (non-corroded). The joints are further immersed into a corrosive solution for 1, 2, 7 and 14 days duration. The corrosion occurred all over the joint but much accelerated rate of exfoliation corrosion exists away from stir zone near the confluence of heat affected zone and base material irrespective of the advancing or retreating side. With increase in corrosion time the location of tensile failure shifted towards corroded region (AA6061-T6) instead of stir zone in dissimilar weld joint AA6061-AA2014, whereas it remained unchanged for other two joints. The fractured surfaces of AA6061-AA2014 FSW joints reveals the articulated view of pits and fracture morphology advocating the loss in YS, UTS and % elongation with increases in immersion duration.
Assessment of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy in humid air
Authors: Manaka Toshiaki , Suzuki Takahiro , Hiyama Keisuke , Kobayashi Junya , Kuromoto Shigeru , Itoh Goroh
Published: November 2020

In the present study, we investigated the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of Al-4%Cu-1.5%Mg alloys subjected to several heat treatments by means of SSRT tensile test and humid gas stress corrosion cracking(HG-SCC) test. For SSRT tensile test, the tensile test pieces were cut from cold-rolled sheets of 1mm thickness. The test pieces were solution-treated at 500 °C for 1h, water-quenched and aged at 140oC for 72h or 360h. SSRT tensile test was performed in two environments, humid air (HA) and dry nitrogen gas (DNG) at a strain rate of 1.39×10-6s-1. Fracture surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscopy(SEM). For HG-SCC test, compact tension(CT) test pieces were cut from hot-rolled plate of 6mm thickness. The CT test pieces were solution-treated, water-quenched and aged at 190 °C for 9h, 50°C for 96h or 140°C for 72h. HG-SCC test was carried out based on High Pressure Institute of Japan standards; HPIS E103:2018. The pre-cracked CT specimens with stress loading were kept for 90 days in two environments, HA and DNG. After 90 days, in order to observe whether cracks propagated due to HG-SCC, the specimens were loaded up to fracture rapidly, followed by SEM observation. Tensile properties obtained by SSRT tensile tests were almost the same in two environments. Also, fracture surfaces were not affected by test environments. Moreover, in HG-SCC tests, crack propagation was not observed at each test conditions. Therefore, Al-4%Cu-1.5%Mg alloy had high-resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.
Thermo-mechanical treatment regulation of microstructure and comprehensive performance in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
Authors: Chen Zhiguo , Lu Chenghua , Peng Jing , Yuan Zhengui
Published: November 2020

The comprehensive performance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy can be significantly improved by a proposed novel thermo-mechanical treatment (NTMT). The influence of the NTMT on the properties and microstructure was investigated by tensile test, corrosion resistance test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results show that Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy treated by the NTMT can obtain an excellent combination of strength and ductility. The highest yield strength and ultimate tensile strength reached 643 MPa and 664 MPa respectively, and the elongation was 9.7%. Meanwhile, electrochemical corrosion resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance in the aluminum alloy can be improved after the NTMT. The mechanism of the excellent combination of strength and ductility is thought to be the synergistic effect of dislocations substructures, texture configuration, and nanoprecipitates. The improvement of intergranular corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is caused by changes in the micro-morphology of grain boundary precipitates after the NTMT, which can block anodic dissolution channels along grain boundaries to reduce the rate of anodic dissolution and avoid hydrogen embrittlement.
Oberflächensensibilität erfassen – Assessment: Zwei-Punkt-Diskrimination
Authors: Andes Melanie
Published: November 2020

Gefühlsstörungen begegnen Therapeuten im beruflichen Alltag häufig. Ihre Klienten berichten oft von komischen und pelzigen Empfindungen. Diese genauer zu beschreiben fällt ihnen schwer. Die ZweiPunkt-Diskrimination ist eine Möglichkeit, um die Oberflächensensibilität objektiv zu messen und zu dokumentieren.
Emotional belastender Beruf – Sekundäre Traumatisierung
Authors: Brünen Andreas
Published: November 2020

Ergotherapeuten sind oft belastenden Situationen ausgesetzt. Etwa mit Klienten, die schwere Schicksalsschläge ereilt haben. Der Psychologe Andreas Brünen beschreibt, wie Behandelnde und Institutionen damit umgehen können.
Gefühle und Gedanken teilen – Mindsharing in der Gruppe
Authors: Gappmayer Georg
Published: November 2020

Gedanken und Gefühle äußern. Zuhören. Sich austauschen. Das sogenannte Mindsharing ermöglicht es, sich in Krisen zum Beispiel auch per Video psychisch zu stabilisieren und Nähe zu erfahren.
Far-Lateral Transcondylar Approach to a Right Cervicomedullary Dural Arteriovenous Fistula of the Posterior Fossa
Authors: Rubio Roberto R. , Chae Ricky , Dubnicoff Todd , Winkler Ethan , Abla Adib A.
Published: November 2020

Objectives Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) at the cervicomedullary junction are uncommon and often accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We aim to illustrate in detail the microsurgical procedure for treating a DAVF located at the cervicomedullary junction.

Design We present a two-dimensional operative video that includes clinical history, preoperative imaging, surgical strategy, still images with labels, clinical course, and postoperative imaging.

Setting The microsurgery was performed at an academic medical center.

Participant The patient is a 55-year-old female who presented with SAH, acute onset headache, nausea, and vomiting. Angiography demonstrated right vertebral artery vasospasm and a persistent arteriovenous shunt at the cervicomedullary junction supplied by small perforating arteries of the right vertebrobasilar junction (Fig. 1).

Main Outcome Measures The patient was placed in the park-bench position with the head turned to the contralateral side. A hockey stick incision was made, followed by a right-side far-lateral transcondylar approach. Indocynanine green videoangiography was performed to help identify the areas of arteriovenous shunting. Multiple clips were placed to interrupt vessels that corresponded to arterial feeders at the level of the C1 and C2 nerve root sleeves (Fig. 2). The dura was closed in a water tight fashion and the posterior fossa was reconstructed with a titanium mesh.

Results Postoperative imaging showed no evidence of continued arteriovenous shunting. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition with an uneventful postoperative course.

Conclusion A deep understanding of the microsurgical vascular anatomy is necessary for successful occlusion of a cervicomedullary DAVF.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/-LfOcNB05BY.
First Total Synthesis and Investigation of the X-ray Crystal Structure of the Pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole Alkaloid Clausenalansine A
Authors: Knölker Hans-Joachim , Lösle Valerie , Kataeva Olga
Published: November 2020

We describe the first total synthesis of the recently discovered pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloid clausenalansine A. The synthetic strategy for the construction of this formylpyrano[3,2-a]carbazole is based on a sequence of Buchwald–Hartwig coupling, palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization, Lewis acid promoted annulation of the pyran ring, and chemoselective oxidation of a methyl to a formyl group.
Penza's Surgical Maneuver: A Key to Tackle Complex Proximal Descending Thoracic Aortic Infectious or Malignant Issues
Authors: Rosseykin Evgeny , Chichevatov Dmitry , Sinev Evgeny , Kobzev Evgeny
Published: November 2020

We performed off-pump ascending-to-descending aortic grafting with the debranching of left carotid and subclavian arteries and total aortic arch transection in three patients. We have called this technique “Penza's Surgical Maneuver” and propose it for a safe surgery in cases where the aortic arch, the aortic isthmus, the beginning segment of the descending aorta, the esophagus, and a lung are diseased.
Kma Entscheider Blog: Was bei der Einarbeitung neuer Mitarbeiter zu beachten ist
Authors: Camphausen Martin
Published: November 2020

Wer wünscht sich das nicht nach dem Start beim neuen Arbeitgeber: Alle wissen, dass man kommt, wie man heißt und man wird im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes empfangen.
Röntgensystem: Vom Scheitel bis zur Sohle
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2020

Die Asklepios Klinik in St. Georg hat als erste Einrichtung in Deutschland die Ganzkörper-Röntgenanlage EOSedge in Betrieb genommen. Das Gerät verwendet die modernste Detektortechnologie. Es ist besonders für Patienten mit Wirbelsäulen-, Hüft- und Knieproblemen geeignet.
Jubiläum: Urmoment der modernen Medizin
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2020

2020 sollte eigentlich ein strahlendes Jubiläumsjahr werden: 125 Jahre Entdeckung der Röntgenstrahlen und der 175. Geburtstag von Röntgen selbst waren die Ereignisse, die dieses Jahr zum Röntgenjahr werden lassen sollten. Und dann kam Corona. Und dennoch: Der Abend des 8. Novembers 1895 ist und bleibt der Tag einer bahnbrechenden medizinischen Entdeckung – nämlich die der X-Strahlen – und erfährt in kma auf den folgenden Seiten eine entsprechende Würdigung.
Aerosole: Risiko Innenraum
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2020

In der kalten Jahreszeit halten sich die Menschen wieder verstärkt in geschlossenen Räumen auf. Dadurch steigt das Risiko einer Infektion mit dem Sars-CoV-2-Virus. Untersuchungen zeigen, wie sich die Viren in einem Raum wie zum Beispiel einem Büro ausbreiten, und welche technischen Gegenmaßnahmen sinnvoll sind.
Stereotaktische Radiotherapie: Präzision ist Trumpf
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: November 2020

Die genaue Positionsüberwachung bei Linearbeschleunigern ist in der Radiotherapie entscheidend. Der Hersteller Brainlab bietet dazu ein neues Zusatzsystem an, das gleich drei Positionierungsmethoden kombiniert. Es verspricht nicht nur schnellere und genauere Therapien, sondern auch betriebswirtschaftliche Vorteile.
The effect of laser entrance hole foil thickness on MagLIF-relevant laser preheat
Authors: Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Weis M. R. , Ruiz D. E. , Wei M. S. , Sefkow A. B. , Nagayama T. , Campbell E. M. , Fooks J. A. , Glinsky M. E. , Peterson K. J.
Published: November 2020

The magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) scheme relies on coupling laser energy into an underdense fuel raising the fuel adiabat at the start of the implosion. To deposit energy into the fuel, the laser must first penetrate a laser entrance hole (LEH) foil which can be a significant energy sink and introduce mix. In this paper, we report on experiments investigating laser energy coupling into MagLIF-relevant gas cell targets with LEH foil thicknesses varying from 0.5 μm to 3 μm. Two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric simulations match the experimental results well for 0.5 μm and 1 μm thick LEH foils but exhibit whole-beam self-focusing and excessive penetration of the laser into the gas for 2 μm and 3 μm thick LEH foils. Better agreement for the 2 μm-thick foil is found when using a different thermal conductivity model in 2D simulations, while only 3D Cartesian simulations come close to matching the 3 μm-thick foil experiments. The study suggests that simulations may over-predict the tendency for the laser to self-focus during MagLIF preheat when thicker LEH foils are used. This effect is pronounced with 2D simulations where the azimuthally symmetric density channel effectively self-focuses the rays that are forced to traverse the center of the plasma. The extra degree of freedom in 3D simulations significantly reduces this effect. The experiments and simulations also suggest that, in this study, the amount of energy coupled into the gas is highly correlated with the laser propagation length regardless of the LEH foil thickness.