bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standards of Birth Weight According to Gestational Age in the Northwestern Regions of Ukraine
Authors: Rodych O. , Korzhynskyy Y. , Gutor T.
Published: May 2015

An analysis of the neonatal registry for 2001-2010 years in Rivne and Volyn regions of Ukraine as well as 2006-2011 years of Khmelnytsky region was carried out. General information was available about body weight of 366 607 newborns, among which 188 687 were boys and 177 920 girls. Based on the analysis we developed local standards of birth body weight in relation to gestational age separately for boys and girls. Procedure for processing local standards met international standards that have been developed by the WHO. Availability of processed local standards depending on gestational age will enable neonatologists, pediatricians and researchers to clearly identify anomalies in the health of newborns in the northwestern regions of Ukraine. Therefore, identification of newborns with low or high birth weight will enable adequate and timely steps to improve their health.
Superficial Spreading Melanoma „Slumbered“ Behind the Shadow of Onychomycosis
Authors: Trayanova E. , Chokoeva A. , Tchernev G.
Published: May 2015

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of cutaneous cancer. Due to the continuously increasing rate of newly detected cases each year and because of its particular low survival rate, the scientific interest in this type of neoplasia is constantly growing. Sun exposure is identified as the major etiologic factor for malignant transformation of the melanocytes. According to the WHO, malignant melanoma is divided into four main groups, as the superficial spreading form is defined as the most “gentle” among them. The name of this subspecies does not have to “drowse” the attention of dermatologists considering the possible metastasic risk, even at a later stage. Due to lack of subjective complaints, patients do not seek active consultation on this occasion, as this type of lesions often remain missed within the clinical examination. Early diagnosis, however, as well as early surgical removal is the key to increasing the survival rate of the patients. We present a case of a 88 year-old female patient consulted with dermatologist on occasion of severe onychomycosis, as a pigment lesion on the anterior surface of the right leg. Clinically and dermatoscopically suspected superficial spreading melanoma was detected within the examination.
The Complete Thesaurus of the Old Hungarian Language in Transylvania
Authors: Zsemlyei Borbála
Published: May 2015

The study deals with the Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania. It presents the process of its elaboration: the gathering of the data, the editing of the entry words and the orthography of the texts. It also presents the future perspectives and the philological relevance of the Dictionary.
Transylvanianism as Identity Discourse
Authors: Nagy Imola Katalin
Published: May 2015

This paper aims at making a presentation of the main regional ideologies of the Transylvanian cultural and spiritual life in the interwar period. The Hungarians’ Transylvanianism and the Romanians’ creative localism or ardelenism alike offered a wide range of key concepts and ideas that shaped/and were shaped by the cultural context of the time. Both regionalisms - Romanian and Hungarian - shared many of these concepts and ideas, although they never really sustained an open and efficient communication due to a series of causes. The shifts that occurred in the self-defining strategies, the communication breakdowns that characterized the relationships between the two cultural milieus and intellectual circles, the identity discourses that can be spotted in the media of that time, and the movement known as Transylvanianism are all approached with the purpose of identifying the causes that hindered real and efficient communication between Romanians and Hungarians.
Linguistic Attitudes and Ideologies of the Students of the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania
Authors: Fazakas Noémi
Published: May 2015

The paper aims at presenting the linguistic attitudes and the underlying ideologies of the students of the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania towards their mother tongue and the Romanian language. It provides a brief summary of the most important theoretical aspects entailed (definitions and an overview of the Hungarian sociolinguistic research on linguistic attitudes and ideologies) with special regard to István Lanstyák’s classification of linguistic ideologies. The paper continues with the presentation of the University, of the population and the sample used in the research, and the distribution of the respondents by faculty, sex, age, place of origin, nationality and mother tongue. In the following chapter, the perceived Romanian competence and the attitudes of the students towards the Romanian language is discussed. The last part of the paper gives a qualitative analysis of the responses to the question Where do you think is the most beautiful Hungarian spoken?, focusing on the issues of linguistic attitudes of the students and the ideologies behind them regarding their opinions on the most beautiful variety of the Hungarian language.
Revealing V. Voiculescu’s Paradoxical Personality
Authors: Suciu Sorin
Published: May 2015

Our short study tries to cast light upon a canonical Romanian poet’s paradoxical personality, a poet who, in our opinion, “suffered” by the “anxiety of influence” - a concept theorized by Harold Bloom - and, thus, endeavored in an imaginary translation of Shakespeare’s “last sonnets”. In order to reach our goal, we travelled throughout V. Voiculescu’s paratopia, using Maingueneau’s concept to understand how a believer was able to be - at the same time - poet, mystic, physician, philosopher and theologian, in the sense in which God the Word was speaking inside him, o theos logos. The multiple aspects of his personality are being revealed with the help of a various bibliography, into the light of Agapè, the divine love descending onto a poet who was being moved towards it by the all powerful Eros. The paradox is the fact that the full measure of his art was given at an old age - mid seventies -, an age when other poets are repeating themselves in a minor gamut, depleted by their intellectual force, as they are physically weakened.
Die rumänischen Identitäten in Veränderung
Authors: Bíró Béla
Published: May 2015

Abstrakt

Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit dem in den Sozialwissenschaften recht umstrittenen Konzept der Identität auseinander. Dabei wird versucht, durch eine Analyse die sich auf ein flüssiges, zeit- und geschichtsimmanentes Verständnis von Identität baut, auf eine Morphologie von Identitätskonstruktionen zu stoßen. Als Beispiel und Objekt der vorliegenden Analyse dienen die Beziehung und das Zusammenleben der Minderheiten in Rumänien, vor allem während des kommunistischen Regimes.
Inverse Gas Chromatographic Examination of Polymer Composites
Authors: Voelkel Adam , Strzemiecka Beata , Milczewska Kasylda , Okulus Zuzanna
Published: May 2015

Inverse gas chromatographic characterization
of resins and resin based abrasive materials, polymerpolymer
and polymer-filler systems, as well as dental
restoratives is reviewed.
Understanding Interaction Inside and Outside the EFL Self-Concept System: A Case Study of Chinese Learners in Junior High School
Authors: Chen Xia , Xu Hao
Published: May 2015

This case study on three Chinese EFL learners in junior high school examined the interaction inside and outside learners’ EFL self-concept system, and the findings revealed: (1) inside the self-concept system, the interaction between the global and specific self-concepts is of much complexity; (2) the gap between the global and specific self-concepts would cause imbalance in the self-concept system, and thus trigger efforts to improve learning, while some reconciling elements in the global self-concept may sustain balance in the self-concept system, inhibiting learners’ motivation to improve; and (3) the degree of specificity of learners’ specific selfconcepts that inform learners’ learning efforts contributes considerably to the outcome of these efforts, as does that of learners’ beliefs about EFL learning which mediate the learning efforts.
Task-Induced Involvement Load: The Accumulation Effects on Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Wang Jui-Hsin Teresa
Published: May 2015

College EFL learners in Taiwan are often required to do online reading after school to get more exposure to English. Websites designed for EFL learners often provide some post-reading exercises to help them acquire words. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine a series of vocabulary tasks from one English learning website by revealing their induced involvement loads and the effects of the loads on learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Sixty-four sophomore non-English majors were at intermediate English proficient level. They were randomly assigned to four groups representing four learning conditions doing from none to three post-reading activities, respectively. The results showed that similar increase on the retention of word meanings was observed between any two exercises. Furthermore, the significant difference was found between the first and the fourth learning conditions. This suggests that after doing three post-reading exercises, reaching five involvement loads, the EFL learners could make a difference on word gains.
Historical water-powered ferrous metallurgy reconstructed from tree-rings and lacustrine deposits (Mała Panew basin, southern Poland)
Authors: Malik Ireneusz , Wistuba Małgorzata , Opała Magdalena , Franek Monika , Woskowicz-Ślęzak Beata , Mańczyk Gerard , Tyrol Czesław
Published: May 2015

According to historical sources in the basin of Mała Panew River there were at least 56 water-powered iron smelters from 14th-19th century. Now only two metallurgy plants work in the area. Many of the former smelting settlements ceased to exist. Historical data on the smelting industry in the area are often scarce. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the history of ferrous metallurgy from (1) the remains of wooden historical buildings, (2) remains of charcoal kilns and (3) deposits from former smelter pond. Results show that Regolowiec smelting settlement existed already in the 17th century (at least several decades earlier than historical written sources suggest) and was later re-paired after destruction caused probably by floods. Charcoal used for iron smelting in the ironworks in Brusiek on the Mała Panew River was burnt at the turn of the 18th century. This is in accordance with historical sources indicating particular prosperity of the metallurgy in that period. Upstream of the ironworks in Brusiek in the first half of the 17th century a large pond existed flooding the floor of the Mała Panew valley. Study has shown that the pond was at least 100 years older than historical sources have indicated.
The oldest seafloor massive sulfide deposits at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: 230Th/U chronology and composition
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladislav , Tabuns Eriks , Kuksa Kathrine , Cherkashov Georgy , Maksimov Fedor , Bel’Tenev Viktor , Lazareva Larisa , Zherebtsov Igor , Grigoriev Vasily , Baranova Nadezhda
Published: May 2015

A geochronological and geochemical study on 10 samples of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) from the inactive Peterburgskoye hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) was carried out. The 230Th/U ages of the SMS are the oldest for the Quaternary hydrothermal ores ever found at the ocean floor. According to them the hydrothermal activity at Peterburgskoye field started at least 170 ka and continued down to 63 ka. The oldest hydrothermal ores from this field consist mainly of pyrite and chalcopyrite and have geochemical properties typical for SMS associated with basalts.
Radial growth responses of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinea L. forests to climate variability in Western Albania
Authors: Toromani Elvin , Pasho Edmond , Alla Arben Q. , Mine Vasillaq , Çollaku Nehat
Published: May 2015

In this study are presented chronologies of earlywood (EW), latewood (LW) and tree-ring widths (RW) of a Pinus halepensis (P. halepensis) and Pinus pinea (P. pinea) natural forest stand growing in western Albania. Bootstrapped correlations and pointer year analysis were combined in a dendroclimatological study to evaluate climate-growth relationships in both pine species as well as to assess the spatial outreach of our chronologies evaluating them with those of the same species from other Mediterranean countries. We found that both species responded positively to precipitation and Indexed Percentage Average Precipitation (%AvP) in late summer-early autumn, particularly the LW, whereas summer temperatures constrained the growth of P. halepensis tree-ring features. Current January temperature and Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) showed positive relationship with P. pinea LW and RW. The same association was observed when considering PET in spring and P. halepensis LW and RW. Pointer year analysis showed that inhibitory climatic drivers of radial growth for both species were low precipitation from previous winter and current summer, associated with low temperatures during autumn. Our P. halepensis chronology showed a wider spatial outreach than that of P. pinea when compared to those from other Mediterranean countries. We conclude that current January temperatures and September precipitation are very important for P. pinea growth influencing both EW and LW growth whereas P. halepensis is mostly affected by the summer-early autumn climate conditions.
The feasibility of lumboperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus after endovascular coil embolization of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Neki Hiroaki , Kohyama Shinya , Yamane Fumitaka , Ishihara Hideaki , Uemiya Nahoko , Kakehi Yoshiaki , Niimi Jun , Ishihara Shoichiro
Published: May 2015

Objective: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical usefulness of lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt placement surgery for chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: A total of 225 patients underwent endovascular coiling for aneurysmal SAH at our institution between April 2007 and May 2012. Of these, the medical records of 190 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed for hydrocephalus incidence, shunt procedure-related complication rate, and hydrocephalus improvement rate. Of the 190 cases included for analysis, 102 were classified as Hunt and Hess (H and H) grades 1–2 (low H and H grade) and 88 as grades 3–5 (high H and H grade). Forty-nine cases were classified as Fisher group 1–2 (low Fisher group) and 141 as groups 3–4 (high Fisher group), which included five Fisher group 4 patients.

Results: Of the 190 patients analyzed, 22 (11.6%) presented with chronic hydrocephalus and underwent shunt placement surgery. A severe H and H grade (grade 3–5) and high Fisher group (group 3–4) were significant risk factors for chronic hydrocephalus. Twelve LP shunt surgeries and ten ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgeries were performed. All patients showed symptom improvement as confirmed by imaging results. In the LP shunt group, there were no procedure-related complications. One patient in the VP shunt group developed ventricular hemorrhage and one patient in each group developed a postoperative infection.

Conclusion: LP shunting, which is considered relatively less invasive, yielded similar results as VP shunting; therefore, it may be an option for managing chronic hydrocephalus after endovascular treatment for SAH.
The speech disorganizers: Uncooperative addressees and their impact on speakers
Authors: Pollard Anna
Published: May 2015

The study of dialogue does not belong to one discipline alone. This paper brings together a range of cross-disciplinary data – from sociolinguistics, child development, social neuroscience and virtual reality engineering – to investigate an aspect of dialogue that is somewhat under-researched: the disruptive power of an addressee who does not respond as expected. Much evidence exists to show that addressees who demonstrate rapport with speakers play an active role in encouraging speakers to perform effectively. But less work has been done on the impact made on speaker competence by addressees who respond uncooperatively, and there has been no attempt to approach it from a cross-disciplinary perspective. In this paper, I suggest that verbal or non-verbal addressee responses that do not meet the expectations projected by a speaker can have a systematic and damaging effect on speaker performance at the conceptualization (or message) level, and that this disorganization takes place automatically and below the level of consciousness.
Metonymy revisited: Towards a new relevance-theoretic account
Authors: Jodłowiec Maria , Piskorska Agnieszka
Published: May 2015

Metonymy is a pervasive aspect of spontaneous as well as reflective linguistic performance and its cognitive and communicative role needs to be adequately attended to. The paper aims to offer a new model of metonymy grounded in the relevance-theoretic approach to communication, adopting the view that all comprehension is underlain by inferential processes. First, we present a critical overview of selected existing accounts of metonymy put forward by cognitive linguists, arguing that although they offer valuable observations about the role of metonymy in online meaning construction and bring to light a varied spectrum of different types of metonymic conceptualizations, cognitive linguistic analyses fall some way short of offering a convincing rationale for metonymic uses in verbal communication and do not articulate a psychologically plausible and testable principle that would explain why metonymy arises and how the intended meaning is inferred in context by the recipient. We also critically address the existing relevance-theoretic models, which, while offering a cognitively motivated account of metonymy, likewise suffer from certain inadequacies. In an attempt to remedy these shortcomings, we develop a fully inferential relevance-theoretic account, which assumes that metonymy is a case of tagging the intended referent by a concept literally denoted by the metonymic expression. The real-world contiguity which underlies metonymic usage is postulated to be encapsulated in mental schemas that are indexed by the concept that the metonymic word or phrase provides access to.
Multi-parameter Simultaneously Sensing Based on an Optimized Concatenated FBG with LPG
Authors: Chen Yong , Liu Bao-lin , Liu Huan-lin , Yang Kai , Chen Li-juan
Published: May 2015

We analyze an optical fiber sensor based on a concatenated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with long period grating (LPG) with transfer matrix method and experiment. First, we optimize parameters of concatenated structure in the method of simulation and discuss the influence that the lengths, periods and dc induced index changes of FBG and LPG and length of optical fiber between LPG and FBG has to influence reflection spectrum. Second, based on the optimized parameters for concatenated structure, fabricate such structure and use it to monitor concentration and temperature simultaneously. Simulation result proves that increasing the lengths of FBG and LPG properly, and length of optical fiber between LPG and FBG fixed in 20 mm, more clearly reflection spectrum can be obtained. Experiment result shows a novel optical fiber sensor based on a concatenated strong fiber Bragg grating with a weak long period grating (CLBG) device can be used to monitor concentration and temperature simultaneously. The result of research has reference value in multi-parameter simultaneously sensing.
Performance Analysis of 16 Channel WDM System with 4 OADM
Authors: Kaur Prabhdeep , Bhatia Kamaljit Singh , Kaur Harsimrat
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we presented the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system based on optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM). We analysed the effect of loss on Q factor and BER for different fiber lengths. The NRZ modulation format is used for transmitting the signal for 9.953-Gb/s 16-channel WDM system based on OADM.
The life cycle functional response of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) to higher temperature: territorial expansion of permanent parthenogenetic development as a result of warmer weather conditions
Authors: Strażyński Przemysław , Ruszkowska Maria
Published: May 2015

Bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is the most abundant aphid species on cereals in Poland. It represents approximately 80% of all cereal aphids. Its anholocyclic forms are the most important vectors of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). These forms are new among the Polish population of R. padi. Their changes in development are the result of higher temperatures. High spring and summer temperatures initiate a change in the run of R. padi’s life cycle, which begins to reproduce by means of permanent parthenogenesis. In autumn, this aphid does not fly back to the primary host but inhabits wild grasses. It is in autumn that winter cereals emerge. This results in what appears to be a new problem because this viral infection spreads in warmer environmental conditions.
Differential anti-insect activity of natural products isolated from Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Díaz Martina , Díaz Carmen Elisa , Álvarez Ricardo Guillermo , González Andrés , Castillo Lucía , González-Coloma Azucena , Seoane Gustavo , Rossini Carmen
Published: May 2015

Botanical biopesticides constitute an important tool for Integrated Pest Management practices. Uruguay has a great potential for developing botanical biopesticides from its abundant native flora. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. is a native Sapindaceae that in preliminary studies was shown to possess a potential deterrent activity against insect models. In this work, ethanolic extracts of the leaves of this species were studied. Bioguided fractionation and supercritical fluid extraction led to the isolation of active compounds. For that purpose four insect models were used: Epilachna paenulata, Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi, which are pests of crops of economic importance. Lupeol, stigmasterol, stigmast-7-en-3-ol, and a labdane diterpene were isolated and showed differential activity against the models.
A Panel Data Approach to the Measurement of Health Technical Efficiency of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Torkian Elham
Published: May 2015

This study investigates technical efficiency of health production function in Sub-Saharan Africa. For this purpose, a stochastic production frontier model is estimated using fixed-effects panel data method over the period of 2000-2007. More specifically the impact of economic, social, and environmental factors in determining life expectancy at birth, as the dependent variable, is measured and evaluated. Overall, the results justify the important role of policymakers, who their proactive approaches should be given to activities that go beyond the health system to influence the main determinants of health i.e. socioeconomic and environmental factors in preventing infectious diseases, improving life expectancy and aid populations to access available resources.
The Relevance of Trend Variables for the Prediction of Corporate Crises and Insolvencies
Authors: Situm Mario
Published: May 2015

This study investigated the potential of a specific trend, defined as the relative change of accounting ratios for two consecutive years, to improve the classification accuracy and model performance of insolvency prediction models based on multivariate linear discriminant analysis. The results show that the respective trend can include information from both consecutive years, but this informational content could not be exploited to improve early detection of corporate crises and insolvencies.
Macedonian Small Investors’ Behavior Towards Stock Market
Authors: Angelovska Julijana
Published: May 2015

Convenience sample survey was fielded to the Macedonian individual stock market investors to find out whether their investment behavior can be explained by some underlying factors grounded in the behavioral approach to the study of financial markets. Descriptive statistics technique has been used to analyze the investors’ attitude about the market’s efficiency and to test different theories of behavioral finance. The results have indicated that investors are not completely rational individuals as supposed by theories of traditional finance. Also in the theoretical framework of behavioral finance Macedonian investors use heuristics, or rules of thumb, when judging information and forming beliefs, but Macedonian investors do not behave as suggested within prospect theory and regret aversion.
A comparative structural study of alkane- α,ω-diphosphonic acids
Authors: van Megen Martin , Frank Walter , Reiss Guido J.
Published: May 2015

In a comparative structural study, the solid state structures within the homologous series of alkane-α,ω-diphosphonic acids, H2O3P–(CH2)
n
–PO3H2 with n = 6–12, have been characterised by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of the odd-numbered diphosphonic acids were found to be homotypic. For the even-numbered diphosphonic acids – including the two already known polymorphs of butane-1,4-diphosphonic acid – two different types are found. Basically, all alkane-α,ω-diphosphonic acids exhibit pillared-layered structures with their terminal groups forming two-dimensional hydrogen bonded networks which are covalently bridged by alkylene chains. Structural differences occur within the hydrogen bonding systems as well as in the arrangement of the alkylene chains. Based on the existence of different structure types of the alkane-α,ω-diphosphonic acids, the progression of their melting points can be explained.
Management of adrenocortical insufficiency with continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion: long-term experience in three patients
Authors: Khanna A , Khurana R , Kyriacou A , Davies R , Ray DW
Published: May 2015

To assess continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion (CSHI) in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency (AI) and difficulties with oral replacement. Three patients with AI and frequent hospital admissions attributed to adrenal crises were treated with CSHI, which was delivered via a continuous subcutaneous infusion. All three patients preferred CSHI and remained on it long term, which permitted prolonged follow-up analysis. All three patients reported symptomatic improvement, and in two cases, reduced hospital admission rates and inpatient stay lengths were observed. The cost of hospital admissions and overall treatment was reduced in all cases. CSHI offers a practical and acceptable alternative to oral replacement in a subset of patients with AI. The cost of initiating and maintaining the pump is offset in the long term by reduced frequency and duration of emergency admissions. CSHI can therefore be considered in a select group of patients who are resistant to treatment with conventional oral glucocorticoids.

Learning points

Continuous subcutaneous infusion of cortisol is a viable alternative in patients unable to take oral steroids.

Patient acceptability was high, with three out of three patients preferring to remain on pump treatment.

Hospital admissions were reduced in response to pump therapy, which compensated for the increased treatment cost.

The daily dosage of hydrocortisone can be reduced by using pump therapy.
An Individual’s Gender Experience: Socio-Cultural Context
Authors: Zahrai Larysa
Published: May 2015

The article highlights gender experience development in an individual. The sociocultural context of gender identity development is addressed from the perspective of socialconstructivism. The author describes the mechanism of constructing gender schemas and normswhich reflect socio-cultural experience. Drawing on poststructuralist ideas, the author explorescultural texts which encode assumptions and concepts that serve as schemas for perceiving andunderstanding reality, for reflecting the processes of an individual’s development as a discursivebeing in his or her interpretation of socio-cultural experience. The article also analyzes masculinityand femininity models shaped by socio-cultural schemas and explores gender role expectationsamong the young people in Ukraine
Foundations of Diagnosing an Individual’s Intellectual and Creative Giftedness
Authors: Palii Anatolii
Published: May 2015

The article argues for the urgency of research on an individual’s intellectual and creativegiftedness and emphasizes the theoretical, psychological, pedagogic, and socio-economicsignificance of the problem. It is claimed that the psychological practices in education may result innegative consequences through lack of high validity methods of diagnosing mental (intellectualand creative) giftedness. The selection of relevant psychodiagnostic procedures and methods ofworking with gifted individuals must be determined by a psychologically substantiated systemictheory of giftedness which is based on contemporary ideas of uniqueness and originality of theabove-mentioned integral phenomena of the human psyche.The author provides a critical analysis of the psychometric (testometric) approach to diagnosingintellectual and creative giftedness (IQ index and creativity index). It is claimed that standardizedtests are a priori unfit to objectively measure either the actual or the potential mental giftedness ofan individual.The article explores the classifications of giftedness types in terms of quantitative criteria(indices), personality traits, occupations, motivation. The author questions the correctness ofpositing ‘creativity’ as an independent type of giftedness. It is argued that mental (intellectual andcreative) giftedness is an inseparable structural and functional unity, a systemic attribute of psycheand is revealed as talents, personality traits and metacognitive experience in various activities.The author argues for the cognitive style approach to diagnosing mental giftedness. It ishypothesized that it can serve as a theoretical foundation for developing a systemic technique ofdiagnosing general giftedness, complies with the main principles of humanizing the educationalspace in Ukraine and is truly child-oriented, i.e. considers every individual’s uniqueness andinimitability.
Review of the ‘Precarpathian University Bulletin. Philology’ (Issues 23– 35)
Authors: Dzhochka Iryna
Published: May 2015

The review focuses on the issues addressed by the contributors to the long-standingphilological journal from the ‘Precarpathian University Bulletin’ series. The themes and contents ofthe articles in the fields of linguistics, literary criticism and folklore studies are highlighted; themajor areas of research are characterized
Young Precarpathian Scholars: a Review of Research Works
Authors: Vorobets Oleksii
Published: May 2015

The article presents a review of scientific papers, monographic researches in humanitiesthat were written under the guidance of leading scientists at the Vasyl Stefanyk PrecarpatianNational University
The Philosophy of Morality: Ukrainian Perspective
Authors: Kafarskyi Volodymyr
Published: May 2015

The article deals with the problems of historiosophy, whose subject matter is human andsocial world view, its historical, religious, intellectual, ethical and aesthetical aspects. Hencehistoriographical interpretation of the concept of morality, ethical criteria, and distinction betweenmorality and ethics. These issues are viewed from the perspective of spiritual morality. Assumingthat spiritual values affect deepest human feelings, our life principles and attitude to God in aspecial way , morality may be defined as the system of interrelationship among people, whichcomprises spiritual values, life experience, ways and traditions. Such an approach helps tocomprehend the degree to which spiritual values influence morality and religious views of theUkrainian people, the specific way in which the system of ethical values was built in the time of theMessianic Christianity. The formation of world view, morality and ethics is closely related to theissues of faith and social life, as well as to the development of the national philosophy andtheology, both in the past and nowadays; these processes and phenomena are a significant factor inthe way Ukrainians perceive themselves, the world around them and the Universe.
Linguistic and Cultural Studies: The Quest for New Ideas
Authors: Kononenko Vitalii
Published: May 2015

The article highlights the principles of researching into text from the interdisciplinarylinguistic and cultural perspective. Cognitological analysis of linguistic and extralinguistic culturalmeanings reveals that there exist of specific linguistic and aesthetic formations best presentedthrough the ‘language – culture – identity’ triad. One of the components of literary discourse ismonocultural layer, which secures the continuity of national cultural tradition; researching into it,one should take into account mental and historical, psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and otherfactors. Linguistic and aesthetic analysis helps to establish the system of linguistic and culturalmeans (metaphorization, imagery, verbal symbols, linguistic conceptualization, connotativemeanings), which reveals its potential in literary texts. The lingual identity as a general notionalcategory shows its nationally-oriented characteristics through the dichotomies of ‘addresseraddressee’ , ‘author-reader’, ‘narrator-narratee’ and is presented in the author’s idiolect
The 17th–18th Century Handwritten Legacy of the Great Skete: The Skete Patericon and Synodyk
Authors: Kuhutiak Mykola
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the results of the first extensive national research into thehandwritten legacy of the Great Skete (Maniava Skete); it deals with historical and archeologicalaspects of Патерик Скитський (the Skete Patericon) and Синодик (the Synodyk, or memorialbook); the latter manuscript was discovered by the author of this paper in the Romanian AcademyLibrary. The Skete Patericon comprises ‘Житіє Іова’ (‘The Life of Job’), ‘Завіт Духовний’(‘Spiritual Testament’) and ‘Регула’ (‘Regula’). The paper highlights a unique role of the Skete inthe life of the Orthodox Church, in the religious life of the 17th-18th century Ukraine, in reviving andpreserving national spiritual traditions.
Princely Halych: Intriguing Prospects for Archaeological Research
Authors: Koval Ihor
Published: May 2015

According to statistical data, permanent and local archaeological researches have coveredonly about ten per cent of the territory of Princely Halych, which opens up endless possibilities forresearch at the site of the ancient city. The chapter highlights the importance of the scientific andpopular works by Antin Petrushevych, Lev Lavretskyi and Izydor Sharanevych, who in 1882initiated the archaeological research on the mighty Principality of Halych (Galicia) and its capital,and the excavation of the first Christian church in Halych – the Church of the Holy Saviourmentioned in the Kyivan Chronicle. The little-known works of these scientists, which werepublished in Lviv newspapers in the 1880s, clearly show that Lavretskyi and Sharanevych’sfindings received international acclaim and were a significant factor in rousing nationalconsciousness and stimulating social activity of the Galician Ukrainians. It is difficult to explain thelack of interest in carrying out excavations outside the perimeter of the foundations of the Church,which could have enhanced the social, historical, topographical analysis of the monument and itssurroundings. A particular fact that proves the importance of such research is the discovery ofpendant seals, which modern sphragistics attributes to Prince Volodymyrko Volodarevych (1141-1153). This conclusion is in good agreement with the Kyivan Chronicle and the findings of thearchaeologists who excavated the Church of the Holy Saviour. All these facts provide grounds forthe hypothesis concerning the location of the State Chancellery and the mysterious Palace of the12th century Lords of Galicia.
The Poetic World of Taras Shevchenko: Principles of Artistic Thinking (to the 200th Anniversary of the Kobzar)
Authors: Khorob Stepan
Published: May 2015

The article deals with the three aspects of Taras Shevchenko’s artistic genius – creativementality, dualistic world view and poetic imagery. The poet’s psychological identitypredetermined a unique combination of conceptual, philosophical and aesthetic elements in hisworks.The analysis of Shevchenko’s poetic works, his ‘Kobzar’ collection in particular, reveals theprocess of merging ‘personal identity’ with ‘social identity’. At the very beginning of his creativecareer, the two principles developed independently – from outer macroworld and innermicroworld; Shevchenko’s mature works offer evidence of their natural synthesis responsible forthe phenomenon of his poetic genius. The analysis of Shevchenko’s shorter poems and his heroicpoem ‘Haidamaky’ shows that dualism is the underlying principle of his poetry: Shevchenko’s‘social identity’ is presented in terms of mythological consciousness, his ‘personal identity’ (owingto life circumstances), in terms of existential philosophy.The analysis of Shevchenko’s artistic mentality, philosophical, mythological, existential, andaesthetic concepts adds to our understanding of the unique world of the great Ukrainian poet. Hispoetry reflects his own knowledge of the world; at the same time, it represents this world in all thecomplexity of national and universal phenomena; Shevchenko could only become a great worldwriter by becoming a great Ukrainian writer
Influence of Amylose Starch on Development and Lifespan of Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Abrat Oleksandra
Published: May 2015

Last years, the concept of resistant starch (RS) has evoked a new interest in researchersin the context of bioavailability of starch and its use as a source of dietary fiber. Based on clinicaland animal research, RS has been proposed to be the most potentially beneficial starch fraction forhuman health. In this study, the effects of amylose starch as a fraction of RS on development andlifespan of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. In both Canton S and w1118 strains, thediet with 20% amylose RS delayed fly development, increased triacylglyceride level in the body ofadult insects and reduced their lifespan compared to the diet with 4% amylose starch. Thus, ourdata clearly demonstrate that amylose starch at high concentrations may negatively affect fruit fly
Alpha-Ketoglutarate Partially Protects Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster from Ethanol Toxicity
Authors: Shmihel Halyna
Published: May 2015

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is an important intermediate in Krebs cycle and inmetabolism of amino acids. Recently, it was proposed to apply as a dietary supplement to improveoverall functional state of living organisms. In particular, AKG was supposed to use underexposure of animals and cell cultures to many toxic agents. In this context, this study aimed toelucidate the ability of dietary AKG to reduce toxic effects of ethanol on development of fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster, which is a popular model subject to research many aspects of biology ofhigher eukaryotes. For this aim, the effect of sodium salt of AKG on pupation speed of D.melanogaster w1118 on the medium supplemented with different concentrations of ethanol wasstudied. Ethanol at a low concentration (2%) did not affect the rate of larval pupation, whereas athigher concentrations it significantly delayed fly pupation and showed developmental toxicityreducing a number of total pupae formed. The most toxic developmental effects of ethanol wereobserved at its highest concentration (15%). The potential mechanisms of protective effects of AKGare discussed
Underinvestigated Roles of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Gospodaryov Dmytro
Published: May 2015

The review examines certain aspects of the reaction catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G6PDH) in living organisms of different taxa, from bacteria to humans. Particularemphasis is put to the role of G6PDH in iron homeostasis and lipogenesis. Prooxidant andantioxidant roles of G6PDH are also highlighted along with several currently known mechanismsof G6PDH regulation.
Copper and Copper-Containing Pesticides: Metabolism, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Husak Viktor
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the current knowledgeregarding metabolism and toxicity of copper and copper-based pesticides in living organisms.Copper is an essential trace element in all living organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals),because it participates in different metabolic processes and maintain functions of organisms. Thetransport and metabolism of copper in living organisms is currently the subject of many studies.Copper is absorbed, transported, distributed, stored, and excreted in the body via the complex ofhomeostatic processes, which provide organisms with a needed constant level of this micronutrientand avoid excessive amounts. Many aspects of copper homeostasis were studied at the molecularlevel. Copper based-pesticides, in particularly fungicides, bacteriocides and herbicides, are widelyused in agricultural practice throughout the world. Copper is an integral part of antioxidantenzymes, particularly copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), and plays prominent rolesin iron homeostasis. On the other hand, excess of copper in organism has deleterious effect,because it stimulates free radical production in the cell, induces lipid peroxidation, and disturbsthe total antioxidant capacity of the body. The mechanisms of copper toxicity are discussed in thisreview also.
No Significant Increase in the Δ4- and Δ7-Dafachronic Acid Concentration in the Long-Livedglp-1Mutant, nor in the Mutants Defective in Dauer Formation
Authors: Li Tie-Mei , Liu Weilong , Lu Shan , Zhang Yan-Ping , Jia Le-Mei , Chen Jie , Li Xiangke , Lei Xiaoguang , Dong Meng-Qiu
Published: May 2015

The steroid hormone dafachronic acid (DA) regulates dauer formation and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by binding to the nuclear receptor DAF-12. However, little is known about how DA concentrations change under various physiologic conditions and about how DA/DAF-12 signaling interacts with other signaling pathways that also regulate dauer formation and lifespan. Using a sensitive bioanalytical method, we quantified the endogenous DA concentrations in a long-lived germline-less glp-1 mutant and in the Dauer formation-defective (Daf-d) mutants daf-12, daf-16, daf-5, and daf-3. We found that the DA concentration in the glp-1 mutant was similar to that in the wild type (WT). This result is contrary to the long-held belief that germline loss-induced longevity involves increased DA production and suggests instead that this type of longevity involves an enhanced response to DA. We also found evidence suggesting that increased DA sensitivity underlies lifespan extension triggered by exogenous DA. At the L2/L3 stage, the DA concentration in a daf-12 null mutant decreased to 22% of the WT level. This finding is consistent with the previously proposed positive feedback regulation between DAF-12 and DA production. Surprisingly, the DA concentrations in the daf-16, daf-5, and daf-3 mutants were only 19–34% of the WT level at the L2/L3 stage, slightly greater than those in the Dauer formation-constitutive (Daf-c) mutants at the pre-dauer stage (4–15% of the WT L2 control). Our experimental evidence suggested that the positive feedback between DA and DAF-12 was partially induced in the three Daf-d mutants.
The Drosophila Prosecretory Transcription Factor dimmed Is Dynamically Regulated in Adult Enteroendocrine Cells and Protects Against Gram-Negative Infection
Authors: Beebe Katherine , Park Dongkook , Taghert Paul H , Micchelli Craig A
Published: May 2015

The endocrine system employs peptide hormone signals to translate environmental changes into physiological responses. The diffuse endocrine system embedded in the gastrointestinal barrier epithelium is one of the largest and most diverse endocrine tissues. Furthermore, it is the only endocrine tissue in direct physical contact with the microbial environment of the gut lumen. However, it remains unclear how this sensory epithelium responds to specific pathogenic challenges in a dynamic and regulated manner. We demonstrate that the enteroendocrine cells of the adult Drosophila melanogaster midgut display a transient, sensitive, and systemic induction of the prosecretory factor dimmed (dimm) in response to the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila (Pe). In enteroendocrine cells, dimm controls the levels of the targets Phm, dcat-4, and the peptide hormone, Allatostatin A. Finally, we identify dimm as a host factor that protects against Pe infection and controls the expression of antimicrobial peptides. We propose that dimm provides “gain” in enteroendocrine output during the adaptive response to episodic pathogen exposure.
Caffeine intake in Hungary – A population based estimation
Authors: Lugasi A. , Bakacs M. , Martos É.
Published: May 2015

Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that is synthesized in different parts of more than 60 plant species. In a previous study, caffeine content of 377 food samples obtained from the Hungarian market was measured by a validated HPLC technique. These analytical data were built up into a food composition database called NutriComp. Dietary caffeine intake of the Hungarian population was estimated based on the data of the National Nutritional Status Survey 2009. Daily caffeine intake of Hungarian adult males and females were 147±6.2 mg per capita (95% CI: 135–160), and 138±4.2 mg per capita (95% CI: 129–147), respectively. There was no significant difference between genders. The oldest men and women consumed significantly less caffeine than the people between 35–64 years of age. The main sources of caffeine are coffee and tea with 58–59%, and 35–37% of the total intake in men and women, respectively.
Development of textured defatted sunflower meal by extrusion using response surface methodology
Authors: Bhise S.R. , Kaur A. , Manikantan M.R. , Singh B.
Published: May 2015

Sunflower (PSH 569) was used to obtain textured defatted meal. Proximate analysis, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), fat absorption capacities (FAC), foaming capacity (FC), and bulk density (BD) were determined. The objective of the study was the optimization of extrusion conditions for production of textured defatted sunflower meal using response surface methodology (RSM) by evaluating functional properties. It was dried, grinded, and sieved to eliminate hull and fibre. Numerical optimization provided eight solutions with desirability value varying from 0.81 to 0.82. Range of predicted values of FAC (80.96–90.49), WHC (1.95–2.12), WSI (3.22–3.36), WAI (2.84–3.08), bulk density (0.31–0.36), and foaming capacity (14.39–16.30) were used for numerical optimization. Best extrusion conditions were 16.36% feed moisture, 300 r.p.m. screw speed, and 149.40 °C barrel temperature. Textured sunflower defatted meal was prepared using the above optimized conditions.
Evolution of anthocyanins during vinification of Merlot and Pinot Noir grapes to wines
Authors: Dimitrovska M. , Bocevska M. , Dimitrovski D. , Doneva-Sapceska D.
Published: May 2015

The evolution of individual anthocyanins during vinification of Merlot and Pinot Noir grapes was studied using two different winemaking procedures for each grape variety. Additionally, the effect of the applied vinification on the anthocyanin composition of the obtained wine at the end of maceration and wine aged 6 months was investigated and compared with the anthocyanin patterns of the original grape. The dynamics of the extraction process was monitored daily during maceration by analysing the anthocyanins in the must using HPLC. The results showed that the anthocyanin composition of young wines was different from that of the grapes. The proportions of malvidin-3- glucoside and malvidin-acetate were higher in wines than in the grape skins, but this was not the case for malvidin coumarate. Application of different vinification procedures to the same raw material resulted in wines with similar anthocyanin patterns. However, the anthocyanin profiles changed with the ageing of the wines.