bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating seasonal air quality variations consequent to the urban vegetation in the metropolis of Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Sabir Muhammad Azeem , Nawaz Muhammad Farrakh , Khan Tanveer Hussain , Zulfiqar Usman , Haider Fasih Ullah , Rehman Abdul , Ahmad Irfan , Rasheed Fahad , Gul Sadaf , Hussain Safdar , Iqbal Rashid , Chaudhary Talha , Mustafa Abd El-Zaher M. A. , Elshikh Mohamed S.
Published: January 2024

Urban atmospheric pollution is global problem and and have become increasingly critical in big cities around the world. Issue of toxic emissions has gained significant attention in the scientific community as the release of pollutants into the atmosphere rising continuously. Although, the Pakistani government has started the Pakistan Clean Air Program to control ambient air quality however, the desired air quality levels are yet to be reached. Since the process of mapping the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants in urban areas is intricate due to its dependence on multiple factors, such as urban vegetation and weather conditions. Therefore, present research focuses on two essential items: (1) the relationship between urban vegetation and atmospheric variables (temperature, relative humidity (RH), sound intensity (SI), CO, CO2, and particulate matter (PM0.5, PM1.0, and PM2.5) and (2) the effect of seasonal change on concentration and magnitude of atmospheric variables. A geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to map urban atmospheric variables dispersion in the residential areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pearson correlation and principal component analyses were performed to establish the relationship between urban atmospheric pollutants, urban vegetation, and seasonal variation. The results showed a positive correlation between urban vegetation, metrological factors, and most of the atmospheric pollutants. Furthermore, PM concentration showed a significant correlation with temperature and urban vegetation cover. GIS distribution maps for PM0.5, PM1.0, PM2.5, and CO2 pollutants showed the highest concentration of pollutants in poorly to the moderated vegetated areas. Therefore, it can be concluded that urban vegetation requires a rigorous design, planning, and cost–benefit analysis to maximize its positive environmental effects.
A privacy-preserving scheme with multi-level regulation compliance for blockchain
Authors: Jia Wangjing , Xie Tao , Wang Baolai
Published: January 2024

With the increasing presence of blockchain-based distributed applications in various aspects of daily life, there has been a growing focus on the privacy protection of blockchain ledgers and the corresponding regulatory technologies. However, current mainstream solutions primarily concentrate on the verifiable encryption of blockchain transaction addresses and contents, neglecting the regulatory requirements for private transactions. Moreover, the few monitorable solutions suffer from issues such as excessive centralization and a single-minded approach to regulatory content. To address these deficiencies, this paper proposes a blockchain privacy-preserving scheme that supports multi-level regulation through the utilization of zero-knowledge proofs (zk-SNARKs) and attribute-based encryption (ABE). Firstly, by leveraging zk-SNARKs, this scheme achieves blockchain privacy-preserving within an account model, enabling the concealment of user transaction addresses and values. Secondly, by employing attribute-based encryption, a multi-level regulatory model is developed alongside the privacy protection measures, allowing for selective disclosure of transaction content. Finally, we analyze the security of the proposed scheme and compare it with other schemes, discussing its advantages in terms of privacy, security, and regulatory capabilities, we also provide a preliminary evaluation of the scheme's efficiency through experiments. In conclusion, the scheme demonstrates strong privacy by relying on mathematical proofs through zk-SNARKs to ensure security while comprehensively safeguarding content. It also achieves multi-level regulation on the foundation of privacy protection, with comprehensive regulatory coverage and decentralized regulatory authority.
Efficacy of an eHealth self-management program in reducing irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tayama Jun , Hamaguchi Toyohiro , Koizumi Kohei , Yamamura Ryodai , Okubo Ryo , Kawahara Jun-ichiro , Inoue Kenji , Takeoka Atsushi , Fukudo Shin
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to verify whether an eHealth-based self-management program can reduce irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom severity. An open-label simple randomized controlled trial was conducted that compared an intervention group (n = 21) participating in an eHealth self-management program, which involved studying IBS-related information from an established self-help guide followed by in-built quizzes, with a treatment-as-usual group (n = 19) that, except for pharmacotherapy, had no treatment restrictions. Participants were female Japanese university students. The eHealth group received unlimited access to the self-management program for 8 weeks on computers and mobile devices. The primary outcome, participants’ severity of IBS symptoms assessed using the IBS-severity index (IBS-SI), and the secondary outcomes of participants’ quality of life, gut bacteria, and electroencephalography alpha and beta power percentages were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. A significant difference was found in the net change in IBS-SI scores between the eHealth and treatment-as-usual groups, and the former had significantly lower IBS-SI scores following the 8-week intervention than at baseline. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the net change in phylum Cyanobacteria between the eHealth and treatment-as-usual groups. Thus, the eHealth-based self-management program successfully reduced the severity of IBS symptoms.
Linguistic disparities in cross-language automatic speech recognition transfer from Arabic to Tashlhiyt
Authors: Zellou Georgia , Lahrouchi Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Tashlhiyt is a low-resource language with respect to acoustic databases, language corpora, and speech technology tools, such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. This study investigates whether a method of cross-language re-use of ASR is viable for Tashlhiyt from an existing commercially-available system built for Arabic. The source and target language in this case have similar phonological inventories, but Tashlhiyt permits typologically rare phonological patterns, including vowelless words, while Arabic does not. We find systematic disparities in ASR transfer performance (measured as word error rate (WER) and Levenshtein distance) for Tashlhiyt across word forms and speaking style variation. Overall, performance was worse for casual speaking modes across the board. In clear speech, performance was lower for vowelless than for voweled words. These results highlight systematic speaking mode- and phonotactic-disparities in cross-language ASR transfer. They also indicate that linguistically-informed approaches to ASR re-use can provide more effective ways to adapt existing speech technology tools for low resource languages, especially when they contain typologically rare structures. The study also speaks to issues of linguistic disparities in ASR and speech technology more broadly. It can also contribute to understanding the extent to which machines are similar to, or different from, humans in mapping the acoustic signal to discrete linguistic representations.
The application and influence of “Small Private Online Course” based on flipped classroom teaching model in the course of fundamental operations in surgery in China
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyi , Yu Guanyu , Li Xu , Zhang Wei , Nian Xinwen , Cui Jin , Wei Xianzhao , Sun Yu
Published: January 2024

To investigate the effect of “Small Private Online Course” (SPOC) based on flipped classroom teaching model on the students in the course of fundamental operations in surgery. A prospective study. 8-year program students (juniors) majored in clinical medicine in Navy medical university. The mastery of theoretical knowledge and operational skill of the students, the comparison of final test examination score between traditional teaching method and “SPOC + flipped classroom” model and the feedback completed by students. Our study found that SPOC + flipped classroom could significantly increase the efficacy of the class and enhance the ability of the students compared with the traditional method. The new teaching model could have a positive influence for medical students on their basic knowledge and operational skill.
Drivers of arthropod biodiversity in an urban ecosystem
Authors: Lewthwaite Jayme M. M. , Baiotto Teagan M. , Brown Brian V. , Cheung Yan Yin , Baker Austin J. , Lehnen Charles , McGlynn Terrence P. , Shirey Vaughn , Gonzalez Lisa , Hartop Emily , Kerr Peter H. , Wood Eric , Guzman Laura Melissa
Published: January 2024

Our world is becoming increasingly urbanized with a growing human population concentrated around cities. The expansion of urban areas has important consequences for biodiversity, yet the abiotic drivers of biodiversity in urban ecosystems have not been well characterized for the most diverse group of animals on the planet, arthropods. Given their great diversity, comparatively small home ranges, and ability to disperse, arthropods make an excellent model for studying which factors can most accurately predict urban biodiversity. We assessed the effects of (i) topography (distance to natural areas and to ocean) (ii) abiotic factors (mean annual temperature and diurnal range), and (iii) anthropogenic drivers (land value and amount of impervious surface) on the occurrence of six arthropod groups represented in Malaise trap collections run by the BioSCAN project across the Greater Los Angeles Area. We found striking heterogeneity in responses to all factors both within and between taxonomic groups. Diurnal temperature range had a consistently negative effect on occupancy but this effect was only significant in Phoridae. Anthropogenic drivers had mixed though mostly insignificant effects, as some groups and species were most diverse in highly urbanized areas, while other groups showed suppressed diversity. Only Phoridae was significantly affected by land value, where most species were more likely to occur in areas with lower land value. Los Angeles can support high regional arthropod diversity, but spatial community composition is highly dependent on the taxonomic group.
Emergency department visits of newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease patients in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baek Ji Yoon , Seo Seung Hee , Cho Sooyoung , Park Jun-Bean , Keam Bhumsuk , Yoo Shin Hye , Shin Aesun
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency department (ED) visits of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. The customized data of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed. CVD patients were defined by the code ‘V192’ based on the NHIS coverage benefit expansion policy. The number of ED visits of CVD patients, as well as executed procedures in 2020 (during the pandemic), were compared to the corresponding average numbers in 2018 and 2019 (prepandemic). Stratification by age group, residential area and hospital location was performed. The number of ED visits of newly diagnosed CVD patients decreased by 2.1% nationwide in 2020 (2018–2019: 97,041; 2020: 95,038) and decreased the most (by 14.1%) in March (2018–2019: 8539; 2020: 7334). However, the number of executed procedures increased by 1.1% nationwide in 2020 (2018–2019: 74,696; 2020: 75,520), while it decreased by 11.9% in April (2018–2019: 6603; 2020: 5819). The most notable decreases in the number of newly diagnosed CVD patients (31.7%) and procedures (29.2%) in March 2020 were observed in the Daegu·Gyeongbuk area. CVD patients living in the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic may experience difficulty accessing healthcare facilities and receiving proper treatment.
A new exceptionally well-preserved basal actinopterygian fish in the juvenile stage from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of South Korea
Authors: Kim Su-Hwan , Lee Yuong-Nam , Nam Gi-Soo , Park Jin-Young , Lee Sungjin , Son Minyoung
Published: January 2024

The study of the large paraphyletic group of extinct ‘palaeoniscoid’ fishes has shed light on the diversity and evolutionary history of basal actinopterygians. However, only a little ontogenetic information about ‘palaeoniscoids’ is known because their records in the early stages of development are scarce. Here, we report on a growth series of ‘palaeoniscoids’ in the juvenile stage from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of South Korea. Fourteen specimens, including five counterpart specimens, represent a new taxon, Megalomatia minima gen. et sp. nov., exhibiting ontogeny and exceptional preservation with the eyes possibly containing the crystalline lens, the otoliths, and the lateral line canals without covering scales. This discovery allows us to discuss the adaptations and evolution of basal actinopterygians in more detail than before. The otoliths in situ of Megalomatia support the previous interpretation that basal actinopterygians have a sagitta as the largest otolith. The trunk lateral line canal, which runs under the scales instead of passing through them, represents a plesiomorphic gnathostome trait. Notably, the large protruded eyes suggest that Megalomatia probably has binocular vision, which would have played a significant role in targeting and catching prey with the primitive jaw structure. In addition, the firstly formed skeletal elements such as the jaws, pectoral girdle, and opercular series, and the posteroanterior pattern of squamation development are likely linked to the adaptation of young individuals to increase their viability for feeding, respiration, and swimming.
Polyclonal anti-whole cell IgY passive immunotherapy shields against P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia and burn wound infections in murine models
Authors: Ahmadi Tooba Sadat , Behrouz Bahador , Mousavi Gargari Seyed Latif
Published: January 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen causing severe hospital-, and community-acquired infections worldwide. Thus, the development of effective immunotherapy-based treatments is essential to combat the MDR-PA infections. In the current study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of polyclonal avian antibodies raised against inactivated whole cells of the PAO1 strain in murine models of acute pneumonia and burn wound. The efficacy of generated antibodies was evaluated against different PA strains through several in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the anti-PAO1-IgY effectively reduced the motility, biofilm formation and cell internalization ability, and enhanced the opsonophagocytic killing of PA strains through the formation of immobilized bacteria and induction of increased cell surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, immunotherapy with anti-PAO1-IgY completely protected mice against all PA strains in both acute pneumonia and burn wound murine models. It was found to reduce the bacterial loads in infected burned mice through interfering with virulence factors that play vital roles in the early stages of PA infection, such as colonization and cell internalization. The immunotherapy with anti-PAO1-IgYs could be instrumental in developing effective therapies aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with PA infections.
A fluorescence imaging technique suggests that sweat leakage in the epidermis contributes to the pathomechanism of palmoplantar pustulosis
Authors: Yatsuzuka Kazuki , Kawakami Ryosuke , Niko Yosuke , Tsuda Teruko , Kameda Kenji , Kohri Nobushige , Yoshida Satoshi , Shiraishi Ken , Muto Jun , Mori Hideki , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Imamura Takeshi , Murakami Masamoto
Published: January 2024

Sweat is an essential protection system for the body, but its failure can result in pathologic conditions, including several skin diseases, such as palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). As reduced intraepidermal E-cadherin expression in skin lesions was confirmed in PPP skin lesions, a role for interleukin (IL)-1-rich sweat in PPP has been proposed, and IL-1 has been implicated in the altered E-cadherin expression observed in both cultured keratinocytes and mice epidermis. For further investigation, live imaging of sweat perspiration on a mouse toe-pad under two-photon excitation microscopy was performed using a novel fluorescent dye cocktail (which we named JSAC). Finally, intraepidermal vesicle formation which is the main cause of PPP pathogenesis was successfully induced using our "LASER-snipe" technique with JSAC. "LASER-snipe" is a type of laser ablation technique that uses two-photon absorption of fluorescent material to destroy a few acrosyringium cells at a pinpoint location in three-dimensional space of living tissue to cause eccrine sweat leakage. These observatory techniques and this mouse model may be useful not only in live imaging for physiological phenomena in vivo such as PPP pathomechanism investigation, but also for the field of functional physiological morphology.
Use of physical restraints on older adults in South Korean nursing homes: a multicenter study
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Min Deulle
Published: January 2024

In this study, we aimed to examine the current status of physical restraint use and ascertain factors affecting the rate of usage of physical restraints on older adults in South Korean nursing homes. For this purpose, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from 190 registered nurses employed at 62 nursing homes. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the use of restraints in nursing homes. The rate of using physical restraints was 79.5%. Nursing homes were found to use 90.7% and 91.3% less restraint when the work environment was better (odds ratio [OR]: 0.093, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.023–0.368) and mixed (OR: 0.087, 95% CI: 0.087–0.100), respectively. Nursing homes owned by corporations were 9.796 times more likely to use physical restraints than those owned by local governments (OR: 9.796, 95% CI: 1.473–65.158). Therefore, improving nurses’ work environment and introducing regulations and education that enable the entrusted doctors or nurses to make decisions regarding restraint use, monitoring, and removal, regardless of nursing home ownership type, are necessary.
A new modified MR dual precision positioning of thin-slice oblique sagittal fat suppression proton density weighted imaging: its diagnostic accuracy in anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Li Kun , Jhonatan Felix Young , Yu Zhaohui , Liu Jiachen , Huang Lixin , Yang Huilin , Du Jun
Published: January 2024

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a new modified MR dual precision positioning of thin-slice oblique sagittal fat suppression proton density-weighted imaging (DPP-TSO-Sag-FS-PDWI) sequence in detecting ACL injuries and its grades compared to standard sequences using arthroscopy as the standard reference. 42 patients enrolled in this retrospective study received the 1.5-T MRI with standard sequences and the new modified DPP-TSO-Sag-FS-PDWI sequence, and their arthroscopy results was recorded. The Mc Nemer-Bowker and weighted Kappa was performed to compare the consistency of MRI diagnosis with arthroscopic results. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy was calculated based on the true positive, true negative, false negative and false positive values. The diagnostic consistency of the DPP-TSO-Sag-FS-PDWI were higher than standard sequences for both reader 1 (K = 0.876 vs. 0.620) and reader 2 (K = 0.833 vs. 0.683) with good diagnostic repeatability (K = 0.794 vs. 0.598). Furthermore, the DPP-TSO-Sag-FS-PDWI can classify and diagnose three grades of ACL injury [the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value were more than 84%], especially for grade II injury as the PPV was superior for reader 1 (92.3% vs. 53.9%) and reader 2 (84.6% vs. 69.2%). The new modified DPP-TSO-Sag-FS-PDWI sequence can display the ACL injury on one or continuous levels by maximizing the acquisition of complete ligament shape and true anatomical images, and excluding the influence of anatomical differences between individuals. It can improve the diagnostic accuracy with good repeatability and classify three grades of the ACL injury.
N-glycan profiling of tissue samples to aid breast cancer subtyping
Authors: Benesova Iva , Nenutil Rudolf , Urminsky Adam , Lattova Erika , Uhrik Lukas , Grell Peter , Kokas Filip Zavadil , Halamkova Jana , Zdrahal Zbynek , Vojtesek Borivoj , Novotny Milos V. , Hernychova Lenka
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Its intrinsic subtype classification for diagnosis and choice of therapy traditionally relies on the presence of characteristic receptors. Unfortunately, this classification is often not sufficient for precise prediction of disease prognosis and treatment efficacy. The N-glycan profiles of 145 tumors and 10 healthy breast tissues were determined using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. The tumor samples were classified into Mucinous, Lobular, No-Special-Type, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 + , and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer subtypes. Statistical analysis was conducted using the reproducibility-optimized test statistic software package in R, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction. In total, 92 N-glycans were detected and quantified, with 59 consistently observed in over half of the samples. Significant variations in N-glycan signals were found among subtypes. Mucinous tumor samples exhibited the most distinct changes, with 28 significantly altered N-glycan signals. Increased levels of tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans were notably present in this subtype. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer showed more N-glycans with additional mannose units, a factor associated with cancer progression. Individual N-glycans differentiated Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 + , No-Special-Type, and Lobular cancers, whereas lower fucosylation and branching levels were found in N-glycans significantly increased in Luminal subtypes (Lobular and No-Special-Type tumors). Clinically normal breast tissues featured a higher abundance of signals corresponding to N-glycans with bisecting moiety. This research confirms that histologically distinct breast cancer subtypes have a quantitatively unique set of N-glycans linked to clinical parameters like tumor size, proliferative rate, lymphovascular invasion, and metastases to lymph nodes. The presented results provide novel information that N-glycan profiling could accurately classify human breast cancer samples, offer stratification of patients, and ongoing disease monitoring.
Fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode multienzyme cascade nanoplatform based on CuNCs/FeMn-ZIF-8/PCN for detection of sarcosine
Authors: Wu Yu , Ke Chenxi , Song Zichen , Zhu Hongda , Guo Huiling , Sun Hongmei , Liu Mingxing
Published: January 2024

Based on CuNCs/FeMn-ZIF-8/PCN, a novel dual-mode fluorescence and colorimetric enzyme cascade nanoplatform was constructed for the detection of sarcosine.
A multifunctional switching bidirectional optical absorber based on a titanium nitride metamaterial
Authors: Su Lijing , Feng Hengli , Sun Pengfei , Zhou Yaxin , Li Xin , Nie Sihan , Ran Lingling , Gao Yang
Published: January 2024

The front side of the structure is a wide-band absorption, which can achieve an average absorption rate of 96.6% in the range of 300–2800 nm. On the opposite side, two narrowband absorptivity of 98.1% and 98.3% at 465 nm and 932 nm, respectively.
Nanoscale insights into graphene oxide reduction by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: You Xiao , Maharjan Sangita , Vinodgopal Kizhanipuram , Atkin Joanna M.
Published: January 2024

The nanoscale spectral heterogeneity of graphene oxide provides insight into the mechanism of self-reduction.
Protein-based bioactive coatings: from nanoarchitectonics to applications
Authors: Fu Chengyu , Wang Zhengge , Zhou Xingyu , Hu Bowen , Li Chen , Yang Peng
Published: January 2024

Assembly strategy and application direction of protein-based bioactive coatings.
Intensity and lifetime ratiometric luminescent thermometer based on a Tb(iii) coordination polymer
Authors: Costa Augusto Iwashita , da Silva Rafaela M. R. , Botelho Luckerman D. G. , Coelho Sergio F. N. , A. Sigoli Fernando , Honorato João , Ellena Javier , Martins Felipe T. , Gomes Angelo M. , Nunes Wallace C. , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel , Marinho Maria Vanda
Published: January 2024

A 3D coordination polymer of Tb(iii) of formula [Tb(bttb)0.5(2,5-pzdc)0.5]n, where two polycarboxylate ligands act as linkers, exhibits a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.76% K−1 at 295 K.
Synergistic optimization of triple phase junctions and oxygen vacancies over MnxCd1−xS/Ov-WO3 for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Zhu Hongjie , Wang Min , Liu Heyuan , Li Xiyou
Published: January 2024

The t-Mn0.5Cd0.5S/Ov-WO3 (t-MCSW) composite exhibits an optimal activity (194. 2 mmol g−1 h−1), which is attributed to the synergistic effect of triple phase junctions connected by homojunctions, heterojunctions and oxygen vacancies.
Towards a low-carbon future: exploring green urea synthesis for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Khan Ansub , Abbas Abiha , Dickson Rofice
Published: January 2024

Urea, an important derivative of ammonia, has become an integral part of modern agriculture to meet the increasing global food demand.
Modular synthesis of spirocyclic carbonates: unravelling the synergistic interplay of electronic and electrostatic sites on phenolic catalyst
Authors: Dabas Shilpa , Patel Brijesh , Mehra Sanjay , Barik Manas , Murugan Prabhahar , Kumar Arvind , Subramanian Saravanan
Published: January 2024

Spirocyclic carbonates: A simple and efficient organocatalytic approach for the chemical fixation of CO2 with spiroepoxy oxindoles has been demonstrated. The catalytic protocol may provide additional possibilities to new applications.
Composites hybridized with Ca(OH)2 and LaMnO3 synergistically improve phosphate adsorption properties
Authors: Feng Menghan , Li Mengmeng , Guo Changbin , Zhang Xueyan , Yuan Tian , Zhang Keqiang , Wang Feng
Published: January 2024

Phosphate loading is an important factor in the deterioration of freshwater ecosystems.
Characteristics of hydrogen rich water at different stages of electrolysis
Authors: Petrov Dmitry , Panina Elena
Published: January 2024

The article presents data on the enrichment of molecular hydrogen by the electrolysis of water using different types of water at different time periods using different types of water of different types (bottled drinking, distilled and tap). During the electrolysis process, which consisted of seven stages, it was found that the concentration of molecular hydrogen increases until the second stage and subsequently does not change. In general, electrolysis of all types of water except distilled water slightly increases the pH. In redox processes, sharp changes occur towards reduction reactions. During the electrolysis process, the temperature increases at all stages. The concentration of hydrogen molecules remains at the maximum level for half an hour after electrolysis. It is also permissible to use this water from an hour to an hour and a half after electrolysis as a dietary supplement.
Obtaining a complex mineral fertilizer from raw materials of varying degrees of purification from impurities
Authors: Bagnavets Natalia L. , Grigoryeva Marina V.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the synthesis of a complex fertilizer magnesium-ammonium phosphate (MAP) from raw materials of varying degrees of purification, the effect of certain impurities on the MAP yield, as well as the choice of optimal conditions for obtaining this fertilizer. Phosphorus, as is known, is an irreplaceable element of plant nutrition, therefore the introduction of compounds containing phosphorus in one form or another is necessary for the normal development of plants during the growing season. Phosphoric acid, obtained by opening natural phosphates with mineral acids, in particular, sulfuric acid, is often used to obtain phosphoric fertilizers. One of the ways to purify the phosphoric acid obtained in this case is purification using various organic solvents. At the output, phosphoric acid is purified from most impurities, containing a small amount of impurity cations and anions, the main of which are fluorides and sulfates. We carried out the MAP synthesis on the basis of chemically pure phosphoric acid and using an acid purified with an organic solvent tributyl phosphate. It has been shown that the presence of sulfates and fluorides in purified phosphoric acid increases the MAP solubility in an aqueous solution by increasing the ionic strength of the solution and leads to a slight decrease in the yield of the synthesis product from 81% to 78%. The interfering effect of impurity anions can be reduced by conducting the process in an alkaline medium, pH 9-10, with the addition of an excess relative to the stoichiometric amount of an aqueous ammonia solution.
Accumulation of biologically active substances in peppermint varieties
Authors: Sushkova Liudmila O. , Trukhachev Vladimir I.
Published: January 2024

Biologically active substances (BAS) are substances that play an important role in the life of organisms. They are involved in various processes, such as metabolism, regulation of growth and development, homeostasis maintenance. We can get natural biological substances from various plants. Such BAS include essential oils, which are essential in the relationship of plants with the environment. The accumulation of essential oils is influenced, among other things, by plant life expectancy. The article considers the dynamics of the accumulation of essential oils and individual components of a perennial peppermint plant by the years of crop cultivation.
Preparation and Application of Complexes Based on Biopolymers of Animal Origin
Authors: Zaitsev S.Yu. , Savina A.A. , Zaitsev I.S. , Belopukhov S.L.
Published: January 2024

Immobilization of enzymes (IoE) from animal origin on natural carriers increases the system stability; facilitates the separation and accelerates the recovery of the enzyme; makes reuse possible; provides a significant reduction in operating costs. There are numerous IoE methods and systems, including immobilization of various lipases on major carbohydrate biopolymers (chitin, chitosan, cellulose, etc.), discussed in this review. The key points of the most encouraging methods “for increasing the activity and stability” of such biopolymer systems are the “chitosan particle activation” by “ultra-sonication” and multiplicative “addition of glutaraldehyde” to these abovementioned systems. The design of such complex biopolymer preparations (in their various forms) is an important area of modern agrosciences, biomedicine, veterinary, zootechnology and bionanotechnology.
Synthesis of tropyrated azomethines exhibiting biological activity
Authors: Mudrykh Natalia , Akent’eva Tatiana , Pinaeva Maria , Zhakova Svetlana
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of the synthesis of tropylated azomethines without the use of toxic solvents. The proposed synthesis methods make it possible to speed up the process of obtaining substances, as well as bypass the process of their purification. Biological activity has been proven in laboratory model experiments on wheat and pea seeds. A decrease in infection of wheat seeds by 1.2-1.6 times with the fungus Mucor sp. was established. Tropylated azomethine exhibits a growth-stimulating effect on peas. Soaking pea seeds for 1 hour in an azomethine solution with a concentration of 1×10-2% improves plant development in the initial period of growth and development. There was an increase in plant height relative to the control by 3.4%, aboveground mass by 41.4%, soluble protein content in aboveground mass by 16.8%, in roots by 22.7%, peroxidase activity in sprouts by 117.6%, in the roots by 551.1%.
Molecular Genetic Phylogeny of Gossypium L Specimens
Authors: Kurbonov Abrorjon , Mamedova Feruza , Avtonomov Viktor
Published: January 2024

In the article, the phylogenetic tree of kinship of unique samples created at the Scientific Research Institute of Cotton Selection, Seeding and Cultivation Agrotechnologies and stored in the collection was compiled using molecular markers. 185 primer pairs from TMB, JESPR, GH, NAU, BNL and CIR collections were used, 45 of which turned out to be polymorphic, which allowed to identify 96 polymorphic loci, 20 of which were unique. Phylogenetic analysis of cotton samples based on genotyping using SSR markers divided the samples into 5 different groups. Namangan-34 and Namangan-102 varieties were the most distant from the remaining samples, and these varieties did not differ from each other. Varieties L-175_276 and C-4727 also formed a separate cluster, sample 13 and Sultan variety are related and also form a separate cluster, sample 4 and variety C-7934 also belong. The remaining 29 samples were not significantly different from each other and formed a large cluster, which is called their narrow genetic base.
Citrus essential oils as biologically active substances in the human health preventive care
Authors: Dmitrieva Valeria L. , Dmitriev Lev B. , Sushkova Liudmila O. , Trukhachev Vladimir I.
Published: January 2024

The work is devoted to the comparative analysis of the component composition of the essential oil of some species of the genus Citrus of different origin. Essential oil was extracted from the peel of kumquat (Citrus japonica Thunb.), lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle), and limequat (Citrus x floridana (J.W. Ingram & H.E. Moore) Mabb.) fruits by steam distillation using a modified Ginzberg receiver. The component composition of the essential oil has been established by the GC-MS method. In the studied species of the genus Citrus, the content of the main component of limonene varies from 50 to 95%. Differences are observed in the quantitative ratio of some components that relate to terpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, and their esters.
Seasonal changes in milk quality indicators jersey cows
Authors: Oleinik S.A. , Lesnyak A.V. , Filatov D.A. , Maltsev A.E.
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of studies of milk quality indicators: the mass fraction of fat, the mass fraction of protein and the number of somatic cells in the Jersey breed in the Stavropol Territory in 2022-2023. In the autumn period, the indicators of the mass fraction of fat and protein were higher compared to other seasons and equal to 6.08% and 4.66%, respectively. The number of somatic cells was also increased in the autumn and spring periods of 140 and 146 thousand units/ml, respectively. A significant negative correlation of the mass fraction of protein and average daily productivity to the number of somatic cells r = -0.21 and -0.12 was established. And a significant positive correlation between the mass fraction of fat and the level of somatic cells r = 0.52.
Impact of feldspar and liquid Bio-fertilizer on fruit quantity and quality of olive trees Picual cv.
Authors: Hagagg Laila F. , Shahin M.F.M. , Farahat Esraa M.M. , Elhady Eman, S. , Sushkova Liudmila O.
Published: January 2024

The present investigation was carried out in two consecutive seasons (2022 and 2023) on eight-year-old olive trees “Picual” cv., planted at 4×6m apart around (420 trees / Fed). Trees irrigated with drip irrigation system, at a private orchard. The experiment included 3 rates of Feldspar as source of naturel potassium at 2, 4, and 6 kg/ tree and potassium dissolving bacteria as liquid Bio-fertilizers supplemented (25 ml) at two or three times to investigate the yield and fruit quality of Picual olive trees. Data indicated that the yield of Picual olive trees fertilized with feldspar and liquid Bio-fertilizer increase to 70% over control. Picual olive trees treated with (4 kg Feldspar + 25 ml liquid Bio-fertilizer at three doses) achieved the highest increase in the yield for the both seasons and also gave the highest fruit weight, volume and fruit flesh/stone ratio of olive trees Picual cv. Concerning leaf nitrogen percentage (N%) The highest percentage of N% for the both years was recorded by treatment (6 kg Feldspar + 25 ml liquid Bio-fertilizer at three doses). With respect to leaf phosphor and potassium percentage, it could be seen that most treatments gave more or less results similar to the control.
Assessment of the effect of organomineral protective-stimulating complexes of various modifications and methods of their application on the yield and quality of grain beans
Authors: Seregina Inga I. , Akhmetzhanov Daniel M. , Zaytsev Fedor I. , Adirbekova Adela S. , Prosnikova Darina Yu.
Published: January 2024

In a model experiment in soil culture, the influence of protective-stimulating complexes of various modifications and methods of their application on the yield of grain beans was studied. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the effectiveness of protective-stimulating complexes depends on the method of their application and component composition. It has been established that the use of protective-stimulating complexes PSC-Zn when adding it to the soil can significantly increase the average yield of plants due to an increase in the number of grains per plant. When using PSC-Mo by spraying vegetative plants, plant productivity increased as a result of an increase in the weight of 1000 grains.
Apple tree Alternaria (malus domestica Borkh.) and ways to reduce its harmfulness in the non-chernozem zone of Russia
Authors: Antonenko V.V. , Dovgilevich A.V. , Zubkov A.V.
Published: January 2024

The research was conducted on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the K.A. Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University of Agriculture in Moscow in 2020-2023. The examination of apple-tree plantings, ornamental plantings, and weed vegetation was carried out for three years with determination of pathogens of the main diseases by microscopy method. The Alternaria fungi species membership were identified by morphological features of conidia and sporulation habitus, and the specific pathogen species was confirmed by PCR analysis. Two unspecified species of Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria infectoria fungi were found to infect apple trees and other species of the surveyed plants with Alternaria blight. The fungus species Alternaria tenuissima was predominantly recorded on apple trees. Out of 186 examined apple cultivars, the development of Alternaria blight was found in 85.5% of the cultivars with different ripening periods. The apple cultivars most resistant to Alternaria blight were identified. The apple cultivars, in which the damage of fruits by Alternaria blight was recorded, were identified. Infestation of apple seeds by fungi of Alternaria genus obtained from fruits affected by this pathogen was determined. The possibility of high Alternaria blight infestation degree in apple tree seedlings was detected. A high degree of Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria infectoria fungi development was recorded in a number of orchard-protecting and ornamental plants, as well as in weeds, and their possible role as reservoirs and transmitters of infection to fruit crops was established. The efficacy of fungicides: Luna Tranquiliti, KS; Skor, KE; Medea, ME; Zato, VDG; Horus, VDG; Coside Super, VDG in suppressing Alternaria blight development on apple cultivars of different ripening dates has been compared.
Breeding and Seed Farming of Desert Forage Plants in Uzbekistan
Authors: Rabbimov Abdullo , Karshiev Suxrob , Gafurova Laziza , Nabieva Gulchexra
Published: January 2024

The article provides a description of the best-zoned varieties of desert forage plants intended for the intensification of fodder production in the semi-desert and desert zones of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The features of agricultural technology for creating highly productive pasture agrophytocenoses in desert and semi-desert zones are given. In the breeding of desert fodder plants, traditional methods were widely used, which consider the biological characteristics of the reproduction of each particular species. The created local varieties of desert fodder plants contributed to the creation of highly productive pasture agrophytocenoses in the conditions of deserts and semi-deserts of Uzbekistan with fodder productivity of 19-27.0 q/ha of dry weight.
Selection of Cotton for Early Natural Leaf Fall
Authors: Babayev Yashin , Orazbayeva Gulmira
Published: January 2024

In connection with environmental violations of the environment, there is a need to create cotton varieties with weak foliage or early natural deciduousness, high yields, resistance to diseases and environmental stress factors.
Effect of Plant Thickness and Cotton Row Spacing on Dry Mass Accumulation
Authors: Muhammadov Yuldoshbek , Salomov Shavkat , Salomov Ilhom
Published: January 2024

In thi article, the medium-fiber cotton variety “Ravnaq-1” was processed at different 60 cm (control), 70 cm, and 76 cm row spacings in a cultivator adopted (in Uzbekistan) and a milling cultivator with a 76 cm row spacing, along with the theoretical seedling thickness. The analysis results of the scientific research on dry mass accumulation of cotton leaving 90-100 thousand bushels/ha and 120-130 thousand bushels/ha are presented. In the conducted research, the dry mass of one cotton bush in 2020 was 118.1-97.6 grams, in 2021 it was 131. It was 2-107.5 grams. That is, when the number of saplings is large, the dry mass of one plant decreases, when analyzed per hectare, it was found that higher dry mass was accumulated in all variants when the theoretical thickness of seedlings was 90-100 thousand bush/ha, when it was 120-130 thousand bush/ha. The highest rate of dry mass accumulation per bush in different row spacings was observed in both years of the study in the case of milling cultivator with a row spacing of 76 cm and theoretical seedling thickness of 90-100 thousand bush/ha, proportionally 138.9-151 It was .5 grams. It was found that this indicator accumulated more dry mass by 20.8-41.3 grams in the first year of the study than the control variants, and by 20.3-44 grams in the second year.
Modification of the carbohydrate profile of oatmeal cookies
Authors: Tkeshelashvili Manana , Bobozhonova Galina , Leonova Irina
Published: January 2024

Excessive sugar consumption worldwide has become an increasing problem in recent years. Excessive sugar consumption can lead to serious diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Confectionery products make a significant contribution to this problem. The carbohydrates in the formulation of traditional confectionery products have a high glycemic index. Modification of the ingredient composition of confectionery products by replacing sugar, which is conventionally used in the formulation of confectionery products, with other ingredients should help to reduce the glycemic index of these products. The purpose of the study is to develop the prescription composition and manufacturing technology for a flour confectionery product in the form of oatmeal cookies with a modified carbohydrate profile. The objects under study are a control sample of oatmeal cookies (a prototype of the developed product with an unmodified carbohydrate profile) and experimental samples of oatmeal cookies (products with modified carbohydrate profiles). The modification of carbohydrate profiles consists in removing sugar and introducing ingredients that have no hyperglycemic effect – sugar substitute trehalose or isomalt and sweetener stevioside. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the developed cookies are determined using standard methods. The study demonstrates the possibility of using the method of biotesting with Tetrahymena pyriformis infusoria on oatmeal cookies with sugar and sugar substitutes. Biotesting is carried out based on analyzing the condition, behavioral characteristics, and growth of the culture population in the studied samples of cookies. The findings indicate a positive effect of the developed oatmeal cookies with modified carbohydrate profiles on living cells.
Comparative veterinary and sanitary assessment of wild animal meat in the middle Urals
Authors: Usevich V.M. , Drozd M.N. , Zhenikhova N.I. , Telyatnikova N.V.
Published: January 2024

Wild meat has long been part of the hunter’s diet. The Urals belongs to the ecologically unsafe regions of Russia, dysfunctional for invasive zooanthroponotic diseases. The annual hunting season is a potentially dangerous event due to the possibility of infection of the hunters themselves and their family members with zooanthoponoses spreading along the food chain. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to assess the intensity of commercial wild animals meat invasion by the express diagnostics using a compessarium and histological examination of veterinary and sanitary evaluation of meat. It was important to identify the highest degree of invasion of animals types. The article presents a comparative comprehensive veterinary and sanitary assessment of the meat of wild carnivorous and omnivorous animals from the Ural region. The grade of wild animals, invasion large degree was revealed not only by intestinal forms of parasites, but also by the larval form of trichinosis. At the same time, was determined a high degree of invasion by trichinella. In case of minor invasion or its absence, wild animal meat should be allowed to be eaten by humans or in animal feed only after prolonged heat treatment, as they are one of the links in the spread of parasitic diseases.
Study of the use of biologically active additives in the cultivation of amber trout
Authors: Yurin Denis , Maksim Ekaterina , Skamarokhova Alexandra , Danilova Aleksandra , Svistunov Andrey
Published: January 2024

The object of the research was amber trout. The growth, development of fish, and the morphological composition of fish were studied. Gross weight gain of trout when fed with additives containing glycerin and milt increased by 12.7 - 18.2%. The condition factor of trout in the control was 1.74. In the groups receiving feed additives, the coefficient of fatness exceeded that of the control group; in group 2, the difference was significant and amounted to 5.2%. There was a decrease in the feed ratio when using feed additives by 0.7 - 4.0%, compared to the control. The weight of the gutted carcass in all groups ranges from 77.6 to 79.7%. No pathologies were found in the internal organs of fish in all groups. In the experimental groups, bone tissue mass was greater than in the control group, in groups 2 and 3 at P<0.05, in groups 4 at P<0.01. The weight of muscle tissue in all experimental groups exceeded the control, in groups 2, 3 and 4 with significant differences at P <0.05.
State regulation of the Chinese organic products market
Authors: Zaruk N.F. , Kolomeeva E.S. , Romantseva Yu.N. , Kagirova M.V. , Migunov R.A.
Published: January 2024

Organic agriculture in the world is considered one of the main directions of solving the environmental problem. The authors emphasize the importance of studying the best foreign practices of state support for organic production in the context of the green economy development for their use in agriculture in Russia. Based on the study of the positive experience of state regulation of the organic market in China, characterized by rapid growth, the article concludes that the formation of a mechanism of state support will contribute to the development of organic agribusiness, will allow to produce better products with less harm to the environment, and will also increase the organic production efficiency. The article is of practical value, gives an idea of the current level and prospects of state regulation of organic agriculture.