bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated drug repurposing strategy for the rapid identification of potential SARS-CoV-2 viral inhibitors
Authors: Trezza Alfonso , Iovinelli Daniele , Prischi Filippo , Santucci Annalisa , Spiga Ottavia
Published: April 2020

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus has rapidly spread in humans, causing the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic. Recent studies have shown that, similarly to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 utilises the Spike glycoprotein on the envelope to recognise and bind the human receptor ACE2. This event initiates the fusion of viral and host cell membranes and then the viral entry into the host cell. Despite several ongoing clinical studies, there are currently no approved vaccines or drugs that specifically target SARS-CoV-2. Until an effective vaccine is available, repurposing FDA approved drugs could significantly shorten the time and reduce the cost compared to de novo drug discovery. In this study we attempted to overcome the limitation of in silico virtual screening by applying a robust in silico drug repurposing strategy. We combined and integrated docking simulations, with molecular dynamics (MD), Supervised MD (SuMD) and Steered MD (SMD) simulations to identify a Spike protein – ACE2 interaction inhibitor. Our data showed that Nilotinib and Imatinib bind the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein with high affinity and prevent ACE2 interaction.
Preventive Strategies for Management of COVID-19 Using Natural Molecules
Authors: Dound Yogesh Arun , Chaudhary Sameer , Chaudhary Sapana Sameer , Ahmad Malik M , Geesi Mohammed H , Alam Pravej
Published: May 2020

The COVID19, a fatal disease by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 in China is now pandemic caused severe acute respiratory syndrome. The pandemic of COVID-19 has reached almost all regions of the world including territories with the death toll of more than 35,000. It has been estimated that one out every six-person affected by COVID-19 developed life-threatening conditions. The difficulty is that there are no vaccines or no specific treatment modalities for the management of COVID-19, apart from symptomatic treatments. Efforts for the development of vaccines and other specific treatment modalities are co-ordinated by the World Health Organisation (WHO), with many clinical trials ongoing with modern and traditional medicines. In this regard, various Phyto-actives from the plants are getting analyzed, which has earlier shown to be effective in various viral infections. Therefore, keeping the world scenario and due to the lack of vaccine, we have in silico studied the activity of tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, a household spice, matairesinol, a major compound in wheat bran or flaxseed and vitamin K2-7 against both SARS-CoV's main peptide and COVID-19 Mpro.
Comparison of the effects of and usability of active and active-assistive rehabilitation robots for the upper extremity function among patients with stroke: a single-blinded randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Park Jin Ho , Park Gyulee , Kim Ha Yeon , Lee Ji-Yeong , Ham Yeajin , Hwang Donghwan , Kwon Suncheol , Shin Joon-Ho
Published: April 2020

Background
Robotic rehabilitation of stroke survivors with upper extremity dysfunction yields different outcomes depending on the robot type. Considering that excessive dependence on assistive force provided by robots may interfere with the patient’s active learning and participation, we hypothesized that the use of an active-assistive robot does not lead to a more meaningful difference with respect to upper extremity rehabilitation than the use of an active robot. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the differences in the clinical and kinematic outcomes between active and active-assistive robotic rehabilitation among stroke survivors.
Methods
In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, we assigned 20 stroke survivors with upper extremity dysfunction (Medical Research Council scale score, 3 or 4) to the active (ACT) and active-assistive (ACAS) robotic rehabilitation groups in a 1:1 ratio and administered 20 sessions of 30-minute robotic intervention (5 days/week, 4 weeks). The primary (Wolf Motor Function Test [WMFT]-score and -time: measures activity), and secondary (Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA] and Stroke Impact Scale [SIS] scores: measure impairment and participation, respectively; kinematic outcomes) outcome measures were determined at baseline, after 2 and 4 weeks of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the end of the intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated the usability of the robotic devices by conducting interviews with the patients, therapists, and physiatrists.
Results
In both the groups, the WMFT-score and -time improved over the course of the intervention. Time had a significant effect on the WMFT-score and -time, FMA-UE, FMA-prox, and SIS-strength; group × time interaction had a significant effect on SIS-function and SIS-social participation (all, p < 0.05). The ACT group showed better improvement in participation and smoothness than the ACAS group. In contrast, the ACAS group exhibited better improvement in mean speed.
Conclusions
There were no differences between the two groups regarding the impairment and activity domains. However, the ACT robots were more beneficial than ACAS robots regarding participation and smoothness. Considering the high cost and complexity of ACAS robots, ACT robots may be more suitable for robotic rehabilitation in stroke survivors who can perform voluntary movement.
Trial registration:
The trial was registered retrospectively on 14 March 2018 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03465267).
Identification of Drugs Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Infection using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Colonic Organoids
Authors: Duan Xiaohua , Han Yuling , Yang Liuliu , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Tuo , Xiang Jenny , Xu Dong , Wang Xing , Uhl Skyler , Huang Yaoxing , Chen Huanhuan Joyce , Wang Hui , tenOever Benjamin , Schwartz Robert E. , Ho David. D. , Evans Todd , Pan Fong Cheng , Chen Shuibing
Published: April 2020

The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are currently no therapeutic options for mitigating this disease due to lack of a vaccine and limited knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 biology. As a result, there is an urgent need to create new disease models to study SARS-CoV-2 biology and to screen for therapeutics using human disease-relevant tissues. COVID-19 patients typically present with respiratory symptoms including cough, dyspnea, and respiratory distress, but nearly 25% of patients have gastrointestinal indications including anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Moreover, these symptoms are associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes1. Here, we report using human pluripotent stem cell-derived colonic organoids (hPSC-COs) to explore the permissiveness of colonic cell types to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Single cell RNA-seq and immunostaining showed that the putative viral entry receptor ACE2 is expressed in multiple hESC-derived colonic cell types, but highly enriched in enterocytes. Multiple cell types in the COs can be infected by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudo- entry virus, which was further validated in vivo using a humanized mouse model. We used hPSC-derived COs in a high throughput platform to screen 1280 FDA-approved drugs against viral infection. Mycophenolic acid and quinacrine dihydrochloride were found to block the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-entry virus in COs both in vitro and in vivo, and confirmed to block infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study established both in vitro and in vivo organoid models to investigate infection of SARS-CoV-2 disease-relevant human colonic cell types and identified drugs that blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection, suitable for rapid clinical testing.
Shortages of hospital beds exacerbate severity of COVID-19 outbreaks
Authors: Zhou Weike , Wang Aili , Wang Xia , Cheke Robert A , Tang Sanyi
Published: April 2020

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has caused worrying concern amongst the public and health authorities. The first and foremost problem that many countries face is a shortage of medical resources. The experience of Wuhan, China, in fighting against COVID-19 provides a model for other countries to learn from. Methods: We formulated a piecewise smooth model to describe the limitation of hospital beds, based on the transmission progression of COVID-19, and the strengthening prevention and control strategies implemented in Wuhan, China. We used data of the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases, cured cases and deaths in Wuhan city from 10 January to 20 March, 2020 to estimate unknown parameters and the effective reproduction number. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of a shortage of hospital beds on the COVID-19 outbreak. Results: Even with strong prevention and control measures in Wuhan, slowing down of the supply rate, reducing the maximum capacity and delaying the intervention time of supplementing hospital beds aggravated the outbreak severity by magnifying the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases and deaths, prolonging the period of the outbreak in Wuhan, enlarging the value of the effective reproduction number during the outbreak and postponing the time when the threshold value is reduced to 1. Conclusions: The quick establishment of the Huoshenshan and Leishenshan Hospitals in a short time and the deployment of mobile cabin hospitals played important roles in containing the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, providing a model for other countries to provide more hospital beds for COVID-19 patients faster and earlier.
Analysis of oral microbiome in chronic periodontitis with Alzheimer’s disease: Pilot study
Authors: Na Hee Sam , Jung Na-Yeon , Choi Suji , Kim Si yeong , Kim Hyun‐Joo , Lee Ju Youn , Choi Jeomil , Kim Yun Hak , Lee Jae-Hyung , Chung Jin
Published: May 2020

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a progressive destructive disease in the periodontal tissues, which is also common in the elderly. CP is known to be associated with an increase in cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, a potential role for pathogenic microbes in the development or exacerbation of AD pathology has been proposed. To reveal the association between periodontitis-related microbes and AD, we investigated the oral microbiome in AD patients with CP.
Methods

Fifteen AD dementia (AD) with CP and 14 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants with CP were recruited. Buccal, supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected with the full-mouth periodontal examination. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size), metabolic pathway prediction and network analysis were applied to compare the microbiome features.
Results

All participants had moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. The level of alpha diversity in subgingival microbiota of the AD group was higher than the CU group. Also, principle coordinate analysis showed significant difference in subgingival samples. When significant taxa were analyzed by LEfSe, various Prevotella spp. were more prevalent in subgingival samples from AD group. Furthermore, subgingival microbiome network analysis showed distinctive network complexity in AD compared to CU group.
Conclusion

We found that subgingival microbiome of AD patients had increased microbial diversity. The composition of subgingival microbiome was different between the AD and the CU groups. This pilot study provides a novel view at the changes of subgingival microbiome in AD patients with CP. Our findings need further well-designed studies with adequate sample size to confirm oral microbiome characteristics in AD with CP.
A lower apatinib dose provides equivalent efficacy and reduced toxicity: A phase II, single-arm study of apatinib and oral etoposide in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hu Nanlin , Zhu Anjie , Si Yiran , Yue Jian , Wang Xue , Wang Jiayu , Ma Fei , Xu Binghe , Yuan Peng
Published: April 2020

Background:The effectiveness of antiangiogenic drugs in metastatic breast cancer(MBC) is still unclear. Apatinib is a small tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). We performed this clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib and oral etoposide in patients with HER2-negative locally advanced or MBC.Methods:Patients with HER2-negative MBC previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes and failed ≥ 1 prior chemotherapy regimens were recruited. The starting dose of apatinib was 500 mg and 425 mg in patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0–1 and 2, respectively. The etoposide capsules were given at 50 mg/m2 on days 1 to 10 for 21 days. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) which is assessed every 6 weeks (RECIST v1.1). Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety.Results:Thirty-one eligible patients were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 11 months. The median PFS for all patients was 6.93 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.97–7.90), and 6.93 months(95% CI 5.27–8.60) and 6.56 months (95% CI 1.41–11.73) for patients with apatinib 425 mg and 500 mg once daily, respectively. The ORR was 35.5% (11/31). The DCR was 87.1% (27/31). The median OS was 20.37 months (95% CI, 11.39–29.34). The median PFS of patients who had hypertension and proteinuria was longer than that for those without hypertension and proteinuria. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events(AE) were hypertension (12/31, 38.71%), fatigue (3/31, 9.68%), thrombocytopenia (3/31, 9.68%).Conclusion:Apatinib combined with etoposide capsules is effective and tolerable in heavily pretreated, metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer patients. A lower apatinib dose provide equivalent efficacy and reduced toxicity.
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of Mn-doped 0.36Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.36Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.28PbTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Tang Yanxue , Wang Feifei , Zhao Xiangyong , Duan Zhihua , Wang Tao , Du Qiuxiang , Wang Jiasheng , Zhou Xingtong , Shi Wangzhou
Published: April 2020

Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties as well as strain behavior of 0.5 mol% Mn-doped 0.36Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.36Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.28PbTiO3 (Mn-PIMNT) ceramics were studied. High piezoelectric coefficient of d33 = 235 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling factor of kp = 43.1% and the high-power Figure of Merit (FOM = 60160 pC/N) were achieved in Mn-PIMNT ceramics. Furthermore, the ceramics exhibited high pyroelectric coefficient of p = 4.8×10-4 Cm-2K-1, figures of merit for the current responsivity of Fi = 1.92×10-10 mV-1, the voltage responsivity of Fv = 0.028 m2C-1, and the detectivity of Fd = 2.317×10-5 Pa-1/2 at room temperature. The excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties together with high ferroelectric rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition temperature of Trt = 146 ℃ and ferroelectric tetragonal to cubic phase transition temperature of TC = 188 ℃ make the Mn-PIMNT ceramics suitable for high-temperature piezoelectric and pyroelectric devices.
Clinical Outcomes of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Combined with Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy During the Treatment of Low-grade Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Sun Yapeng , Zhang Wei , Zhang Fei , Guo Lei , Wang Xianzheng , Shen Yong
Published: May 2020

Background

Minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) in combination with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) can achieve interbody fusion and direct decompression, but their combined use has not been widely reported. In this study, the clinical outcomes of LLIF in combination with PELD in low-grade spondylolisthesis was evaluated, particularly in cases of a requirement for direct decompression.
Methods

Patients with single-level low-grade spondylolisthesis, undergoing LLIF in combination with PELD were included. The severity of lower back and leg pain was reported using visual analog scale (VAS). The Oswestry disability index (ODI) was used to evaluate functional improvements of patients. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative indicators was performed through repeated measures of analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant difference.
Results

A total of 48 patients (20 males and 28 females) were included. The intraoperative blood loss was 112.60ml ± 43.69 and the average operation time was 116.35min ± 22.31. VAS and ODI were significantly improved in all stages after operation. The fusion rate at the final follow-up was 93.7%. No injuries occurred to the vessels, nerves and organs during the perioperative period.
Conclusions

LLIF in combination with PELD achieved adequate decompression and intervertebral fusion, with precise and reliable clinical outcomes. In addition, the procedure was minimally invasive, resulting in small tissue injury and rapid postoperative recovery. Multi-center prospective comparative studies are now needed to further confirm the superiority of this combination.
Identification of new drug treatments to combat COVID19: A signature-based approach using iLINCS
Authors: O’Donovan Sinead M , Eby Hunter , Henkel Nicholas D , Creeden Justin , Imami Ali , Asah Sophie , Zhang Xiaolu , Wu Xiaojun , Alnafisah Rawan , Taylor R. Travis , Reigle James , Thorman Alexander , Shamsaei Behrouz , Meller Jarek , McCullumsmith Robert E
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than other coronaviruses and has higher rates of mortality than influenza. As no vaccine or drugs are currently approved to specifically treat COVID-19, identification of effective therapeutics is crucial to treat the afflicted and limit disease spread. We deployed a bioinformatics workflow to identify candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Using an “omics” repository, the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), we simultaneously probed transcriptomic signatures of putative COVID-19 drugs and signatures of coronavirus-infected cell lines to identify therapeutics with concordant signatures and discordant signatures, respectively. Our findings include three FDA approved drugs that have established antiviral activity, including protein kinase inhibitors, providing a promising new category of candidates for COVID-19 interventions.
Response to and perception of nurses during the COVID-19: a qualitative assessment
Authors: Hashmi Furqan K. , Iqbal Qaiser , Haider Sajjad , Ahmed Fiaz ud Din , Saleem Fahad , Bashaar Mohammad
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak was declared pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. For that reason, we gathered insight from frontline healthcare professionals (nurses) regarding their perceptions, awareness, and familiarity of COVID-19. MethodsBeing a novel outbreak, we opted for a qualitative research design. With the help of a self-constructed and validated interview guide, face-to-face interviews were conducted with nurses to gain an in-depth knowledge. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and were then analyzed for thematic contents by the standard content analysis framework. ResultsThe saturation was reached at the 12th interview. Two more interviews were carried out to ensure the saturation achieved at the 12th interview. Thematic content analysis yielded four major themes. (1) Perceived knowledge, awareness, and severity of COVID-19, (2) perceived personal capability of handling and managing the COVID-19, (3) perceived organizational capability of handling and managing the COVID-19, and (4) barriers in handling and managing the COVID-19. ConclusionFindings of our study and reservations of our nurses’ highlight areas of concern and scheme of improvement in the effective management of the COVID-19. The respondents are faced with substantial difficulties and barriers in providing healthcare services to patients. We believe that the current study can help in planning policies and generating guidelines that can meet the healthcare needs of the society while managing the COVID-19 as well as for future pandemic outbreaks of the same nature.
Are Synonyms Always Synonymous? A Corpus-assisted Approach to Announce, Declare, and State
Authors: Effendi Ike Susanti , Amalia Riska , Lalita Sakinah Asa
Published: April 2020

The study on (near) synonymous word has been of intriguing topic in the recent decades. Scholars have investigated them from diverse perspectives including but not limited to semantics, grammar, and language teaching. However, few of them examine synonymous verbs. This study endeavors to scrutinize ‘announce’, ‘declare’, and ‘state’ by employing descriptive qualitative approach and British National Corpus as data source. Besides, it also attempts to shed pivotal light the pedagogical implication of corpus linguistics to the teaching of word or vocabulary and meaning in use. Sketch Engine is used as instrument analysis by which collocation and concordance analysis were employed to elucidate word combination and contexts to produce meaning. The findings demonstrate that ‘announce’, ‘declare’, and ‘state’ could not be used rudimentary interchangeably since they carry out (slightly) different meaning depending on collocate word and grammatical pattern. This study also corroborated the notion that corpus linguistics plays significant role in foreign language teaching since it offers authentic materials and contextual clue for language use.
Multimodal Teaching Proposal in an English as A Foreign Language Subject
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: April 2020

XXI century society has a multimodal nature and it is referred as 2.0 era, in which the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is essential. This implies that tertiary education needs to be adapted to this context and, therefore it is necessary to highlight multimodal teaching in University classrooms thanks to Power Point or Prezi presentations, the use of videos or social networks such as Facebook or Twitter, the use of google tools, etc. This article intends to be a contribution to highlight the importance of multimodal teaching in higher education. It describes some activities that promote multimodality used in the subject English Language V of the degree in English Studies at the University of Alicante. The selection of activities is determined not only for its multimodal nature but also because they contribute to the acquisition of competences that are essential for the labour market. In addition, a survey was prepared in order to know students’ opinions about a teaching proposal based on multimodality. The results of the survey show that students consider that multimodal teaching facilitates learning and increases their motivation. Moreover, multimodal teaching contributed to the acquisition of different social competences.
Promoting mechanism of electronic shuttle for bioavailability of Fe(III) oxide and its environmental significance
Authors: Yang Yuning , Chen Lei , Jiang Yu , Xu Zheng , Gao Shaobo , Li Mingxiao , Li Rui , Xi Beidou
Published: April 2020

The biological reduction process of Fe(III) not only strongly affects the circulation of C, N, O, P and other elements in the environment, but also plays an important role in the transformation and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants. Most Fe(III) oxides existing in nature have low bioavailability due to their poor solubility or strongly crystalline form with stable chemical properties. Addition of a substance having redox activity can form an electron shuttle cycle between Fe(III) oxide and the microorganism, which can not only enhance the bioavailability of Fe(III) and accelerate electron transfer, but also improve the removal efficiency of contaminants. This paper compares and analyzes several common redox active substances, for their promoting effect and limiting factors of Fe(III) bioavailability. Moreover, the mechanism by which the electron shuttle promotes the bioavailability of Fe(III) oxide is discussed. This review demonstrates that the electron shuttle promotes the Fe(III) bioreaction process for the degradation and removal of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and other pollutants, which is of great environmental significance.
Relaciones entre indocumentados y “coyotes”
Authors: H. Zazueta Carlos
Published: April 2020

Este ensayo nació de la experiencia adquirida en el trabajo de campo, la intención es sistematizar, dentro de lo posible y de acuerdo con la información limitada, las observaciones logradas durante las pláticas sostenidas con cientos de indocumentados devueltos a México de los Estados Unidos por parte del Servicio de Inmigración y Naturalización. Los límites del trabajo son claros y por ello la información resulta fragmentada; aunque esto obedece a la barrera de silencio que se levanta frente al problema del contrabando de indocumentados a los Estados Unidos, efectuado por parte de los "coyotes", auténticos profesionales del negocio.
Los peligros de la investigación multidisciplinaria en estudios fronterizos. Un dilema profesional para los académicos “generalistas”
Authors: R. Stoddard Ellwyn
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo realizado a través de un ensayo biográfico, se comentan los peligros y obstáculos a que se enfrenta el académico cuando al abordar el problema del estudio de la frontera, pierde parte de su especialización para convertirse en académico multidisciplinario "generalista", esto como una situación inaplazable si desea realmente profundizarse en el conocimiento de los territorios fronterizos. Se seleccionaron algunas de las aportaciones y conceptos de los estudios fronterizos, de manera que se vislumbren y ordenen los problemas de los académicos en la multidisciplina. Se reordenaron los materiales mediante un esquema cronológico, para mostrar cómo algunas de las aportaciones a los estudios fronterizos han surgido debido a las múltiples influencias multidisciplinarias.
Integración industrial de las regiones fronterizas del norte de México a la economía nacional
Authors: Corona Rentería Alfonso
Published: April 2020

Desde el momento en que se nacionalizó la banca mexicana y se estableció un control de cambios, la frontera norte inició un proceso de reordenación económica, quedando cautivo para el mercado nacional un potencial de cerca de 10 millones de habitantes de la franja fronteriza y cuyo mercado será realidad, sólo si la oferta acude con oportunidad en cantidades y calidades suficientes. Para lograr lo anterior, se sugiere instrumentar políticas de industrialización y comercialización regional; asimismo, plantear objetivos y metas que deberán alcanzarse así como las estrategias y programas que deberán contemplarse. El objetivo de este análisis es descubrir los coeficientes de insumo-producto y la demanda final de las regiones fronterizas respecto de la economía nacional y de Estados Unidos. Igualmente, es posible reproducir los enlaces y los efectos económicos interregionales que puedan lograrse con nuevas inversiones en un sector nacional o internacional.
La distribución rango-tamaño en la región fronteriza de Sonora y Arizona
Authors: Cabrera Fernández Ignacio
Published: April 2020

Esta presentación aborda el estudio de la formación de las redes regionales y urbanas, que ayudan a explicar el comportamiento de la sociedad en sus distintas etapas históricas. Para el análisis se seleccionó a 21 ciudades del noroeste de México y suroeste de los Estados Unidos de América, de acuerdo a la importancia e impacto que ciudades a ambos lados de la frontera han tenido sobre el desarrollo socioeconómico de la región, el cual se identifica como un sistema urbano-regional. Es importante entender la ciudad como una forma histórica, como una expresión del desarrollo de la sociedad en el territorio, como un clásico producto de ciertas relaciones sociales, pero también como portadora y reproductora de relaciones sociales en sí misma.
La brecha económica entre los modelos teóricos y su aplicación en la frontera méxico-norteamericana
Authors: R. Ladman Jerry
Published: April 2020

Este artículo tomará brevemente en consideración el modelo teórico "multiplicador de las ciudades gemelas" que describe la interdependencia proveniente del intercambio económico entre regiones fronterizas contiguas y demuestra cómo factores económicos, endógenos y exógenos a la frontera afectan ambas regiones. Este modelo sirve para conceptualizar y describir la naturaleza interdependiente de las relaciones económicas en las regiones contiguas, y si son aplicados, podrían ser útiles para predecir variaciones en las dos economías. Sin embargo, la aplicación de dichos modelos para predecir cambios en la actividad económica, requieren una cantidad considerable de datos muy costosos tanto en tiempo cono en dinero, además de que deben ser actualizados para que sean válidos.
Belweder Krzysztofa Zygmunta Paca i jego żony Klary Izabelli
Authors: Czyż Anna Sylwia
Published: May 2020

Artykuł dotyczy mało znanego, pierwszego etapu funkcjonowania pałacu Belweder w Warszawie (Ujazdów), który został wybudowany z drewna (1659–1663) przez Krzysztofa Zygmunta Pac, kanclerza Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako ekskluzywna podmiejska willa. Jej powstanie nawiązywało do tradycji otium, willi włoskich, ale też do znanego z czasów dynastii Wazów kreowana siedzib otoczonych ogrodami, które również spełniały funkcje reprezentacyjną. Fundując Belweder Pac stworzył ekskluzywną, choć drewnianą, siedzibę położoną na malowniczej skarpie Wisły, przy reprezentacyjnej trasie prowadzącej do Warszawy.

Podarował ją swojej żonie, Klarze Isabelli de Mailly Lascaris, krewnej królowej Ludwiki Marii, spowinowaconej z najwybitniejszymi rodami francuskimi, a także z cesarzami bizantyjskimi. W ten sposób Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac nawiązał do tradycji miejsca, bowiem dobra Ujazdów były związane z Anną, księżniczką mazowiecką oraz Anną Jagiellonką.

Dzięki wykorzystanym w artykule źródłom ikonograficznym i archiwalnym udało się zrekonstruować wygląd budynku i otaczających go ogrodów, a także przywołać wyposażenie pałacu z czasów Krzysztofa Zygmunta Paca. Parterowy pałac zbudowano na planie kwadratu, na wysokim cokole, z reprezentacyjną galerią otwierającą się na widok od strony Wisły. Projektantem budowli był najpewniej Tylman van Gameren.

 

The Belvedere Palace of Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac and Klara Isabelle de Mailly

The article deals with the little-known, first stage of the history of the Belvedere residence in Warsaw when it was constructed and arranged (1659–1663) by Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac, Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Referring to a tradition, established in the times of the Vasa dynasty, of seats surrounded by gardens and of an antique otium and Italian villa, Pac created an exclusive seat, albeit made of wood, situated on a picturesque escarpment of the River Vistula, on the ceremonial route leading to Warsaw. He gave it to his wife, Klara Isabella de Mailly Lascari, a relative of Queen Marie Louise and a descendant of the most eminent French families, who at the same time was related to the Byzantine emperors. In this way Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac drew upon the tradition of the place, as Ujazdów had been connected with Anna, Princess of Mazovia as well as Anna Jagiellon.

Thanks to iconographic and archival sources as yet not analysed, it was possible to reconstruct the outline of the building and at least partially map its furnishings. The villa was constructed on a square plan, erected on a high plinth as a ground-floor building with four sections, with a representative gallery opened wide onto the Vistula side. It appears from this that the palace was designed by Tylman van Gameren.
Kaplice grobowe a współczesna kultura wizualne
Authors: Gutowski Bartłomiej
Published: May 2020

Można wskazać wiele czynników determinujących formy grobowców wznoszonych na cmentarzach w drugiej połowie XX w. Po pierwsze, jest to specyfika miejsca silnie nacechowanego religijnym i duchowym kontekstem a zarazem świeckimi wpływami i ideami.  Po drugie, są nimi kulturowe i – dość często – historyczne uwarunkowania.

W przypadku kaplic grobowych dominującą tendencją jest neomodernizm. Charakterystyczne jest poszukiwanie wzajemnych relacji pomiędzy przestrzenią, światłem, materiałem – współoddziaływania kształtów i symboliki, sprzyjającego indywidualnej kontemplacji. Wyraźnie czytelne jest dążenie do dematerializacji i podwójnego kodowania. Z jednej strony, zewnętrzny, fizyczny blok; z drugiej – jego wnętrze nakierowane na pozazmysłowe doświadczenie. Otwarcie na czysto zmysłowe bodźce, które wzmacniają odczuwanie doświadczenia „innego”.

Przywołane w artykule obiekty odznaczają się oryginalnością form i – w pewnym stopniu – różnorodnością materiałów. Jednakże, o ile formalne rozwiązania odbiegają od siebie nawzajem, o tyle w zasadzie zauważamy wspólne dążenie do kreowania form, które pomagają nadać doświadczeniu śmierci indywidualny charakter.

Tomb-Chapel and Contemporary Visual Culture

Undoubtedly, there are numerous factors determining the forms of located at cementeries tombs built in the second half of the 20th century. Firstly, it is the specificity of the place strongly affected by the religious and spiritual context but also by atheistic concepts. Secondly, we encounter cultural – and quite often – historical conditions. In the case of tombs, the dominant tendencies are close to neomodernism. What is characteristic is the search for the interplay of space, lighting, materials and reflections – the interplay fostering individual contemplation with its shape and symbolic. The striving for dematerialization and double-coding is very clear. On the one hand, an external, physical block; on the other hand – its interior directed towards the transcendent experience. Open to purely sensory stimuli which strengthen the feeling of experiencing “the other”. The mentioned examples are characterized by originality of the form and – to some extend – diversity of materials. Insofar as, however, the formal solutions considerably differ from each other, we principally observe the pursuit of creating forms that help individualize the experience of death.
Geneza koła krakowskiego
Authors: Tkaczyk Marcin
Published: April 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest charakterystyce kulturowego tła manifestu koła krakowskiego i jego zespołu, który stanowili: Józef Maria Bocheński OP, Jan Franciszek Drewnowski, ks. Jan Salamucha oraz Bolesław Sobociński, i który był wspierany przez Jana Łukasiewicza i ks. Konstantego Michalskiego. Manifestem koła była aplikacja programu szkoły lwowsko-warszawskiej do katolickiej teologii i filozofii. W tym przedsięwzięciu szczególną rolę odegrała Łukasiewicza wersja programu. Do zastosowanych środków należały: (a) odnowienie języka tak, aby spełniał on wszystkie warunki właściwego dyskursu naukowego, (b) recepcja logiki matematycznej, (c) uwspółcześnienie semiotyki i metodologii oraz (d) wykorzystanie metod formalnych. Analizowane są cztery grupy okoliczności będące środowiskiem koła krakowskiego: (a) esprit de l’époque, (b) sytuacja w filozofii, (c) sytuacja w logice i (d) sytuacja w teologii – na początku XX wieku – w bezpośrednim związku z decydującymi działaniami czterech założycieli koła.
Logic of faith and deed. The idea and an outline of the theoretical conception
Authors: Wybraniec-Skardowska Urszula
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the theoretical assumptions behind the conception of the logic of faith and deed (LF&D) and outlines its formal-axiomatic frame and its method of construction, which enable us to understand it as a kind of deductive science. The paper is divided into several sections, starting with the logical analysis of the ambiguous terms of ‚faith’ and ‚action’, and focusing in particular on the concepts of religious faith and deed as a type of conscious activity relating to a matter or matters of social importance. After outlining the main ideas and basic assumptions of the theoretical conception of the LF&D as an axiomatic theory, the author introduces some axiom systems for: 1) the logics of faith LF (doxastic logics), 2) the logic of deed LD, and 3) certain logics of norms DL (deontic logics) connected with „duties” and concerning actions/deeds. Lastly, the paper outlines the scientific LF&D based on the three types of logic 1)–3).
Recent Advances in Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding for Quality Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Song Zhenqiao , Li Xingfeng
Published: April 2020

Background:

The quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), reflected by its bioactive
compounds and associated contents, is directly linked to its clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is of great
importance to improve the quality of TCM by increasing the bioactive compound content.

Methods:

Mapping the active component content-associated QTLs in TCM and further marker-assisted breeding
have enabled us to rapidly and effectively cultivate new varieties with high bioactive compound contents, which has
opened the door for genetic breeding studies on medicinal plants.

Results:

In this paper, a strategy and technical molecular breeding method for TCM are discussed. The development
of, four methods of and progress in functional marker development as well as the applications of such markers in
TCM are reviewed.

Conclusion:

The progress in, challenges of, and future of marker-assisted breeding for quality improvement of TCM
are discussed, which provide valuable scientific references for future molecular breeding.
Pediatric Alopecia Areata
Authors: Afford Rebecca , Leung Alexander K. C. , Lam Joseph M.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder of autoimmune etiology.

Objective:

To familiarize physicians with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of pediatric alopecia areata.

Methods:

The search term "Alopecia areata" was entered into a Pubmed search. A narrow scope was applied to the categories of "epidemiology", "clinical diagnosis", "investigations", "comorbidities", and "treatment". Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews were included. Only papers published in the English language were included. A descriptive, narrative synthesis was provided of the retrieved articles.

Results:

AA is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is the third most common dermatologic presentation in children with a lifetime risk of 1-2%. Diagnosing AA can be made on the basis of the history and clinical findings. Patients will often present with patchy, non-scarring hair loss, generally affecting the scalp. History may reveal a personal or family medical history of autoimmune or atopic disease or a recent stressful event. Tricoscopic examination will classically show “exclamation point hairs” and “yellow dots”. Nonspecific nail changes may be present. Other clinical variants include alopecia totalis, alopecia universalis, ophiasis, sisaipho, and Canitis subita. There are multiple treatment options for AA, including conservative treatment, and topical, oral, and injectable medications.

Conclusion:

AA is an autoimmune disease with a heterogenous presentation and unpredictable clinical course. Although there is no cure for AA, there are many current treatment options available to help manage this disfiguring disease.
Formulasi Cookies Sagu, Ganyong, Dan Galohgor Sebagai Alternatif Kudapan Bagi Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II
Authors: Suharjo Aulia Ratnadianti , Roosita Katrin
Published: April 2020

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk cookies sagu, ganyong, dan galohgor sebagai kudapan alternatif bagi penderita diabetes melitus. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat taraf formula, yaitu F0 (kontrol), F1 (12.5% tepung ganyong, 0% ekstrak jamu galohgor), F2 (10% tepung ganyong, 2.5% ekstrak jamu galohgor), dan F3 (0% tepung ganyong, 2.5% ekstrak jamu galohgor). Cookies sagu, ganyong, dan galohgor memiliki tingkat penerimaan mencapai 82%. Kandungan zat gizi cookies sagu, ganyong, dan galohgor adalah 5.3% (b/b), abu 2.4% (b/k), lemak 26.8% (b/k), protein 2.4% (b/k), serat kasar 3.1% (b/k), dan karbohidrat 63.1% (b/k). Total flavonoid pada cookies sagu, ganyong, dan galohgor setara dengan 22 mg quercetin equivalen/100 gram. Cookies ganyong galohgor dalam satu kali sajian (40 gram) dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi wanita berusia 50-64 tahun sebagai berikut: 12.9% energi, 1.5% protein, 30.5% lemak, 4.9% serat, dan 10.2% karbohidrat.Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, cookies, ganyong, galohgorÂ Abstract Preconception women who have anemia are at risk of suffering problems during pregnancy. One of risk The aim of this study was to develop sago, ganyong, and galohgor cookies as a healthy snack for diabetes mellitus patients. Study design was Complete Randomized Design. This study using four formula levels F0 (control), F1 (12.5% ganyong flour, 0% galohgor extract), F2 (10% ganyong flour, 2.5% galohgor extract), and F3 (0% ganyong flour, 2.5% galohgor extract). Sago, ganyong, and galohgor cookies had 82% acceptance level. Nutrient contents and characteristics of sago, ganyong, and galohgor cookies were as follows 5.3% (w/w) moisture,Â  2.4% (d/w) ash, 26.8% (d/w) fat, 2.4% (d/w) protein, 3.1% (d/w) crude fiber, and 63.1% (d/w) carbohydrate. The flavonoid value of sago, ganyong, and galohgor cookies was equal to 22 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g. Sago, ganyong, and galohgor in one serving size (40 grams) might contribute to energy and nutrients requirment of woman aged 50-64 years, as much asÂ  follows: 12.9% energy, 1.5% protein, 30.5% fat, 4.9% fiber and 10.2% carbohydrate. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, cookies, ganyong, galohgor
Potensi Penggunaan Metode In Vitro dalam Memperkirakan Pemeringkatan Indeks Glikemik In Vivo pada Beberapa Varietas Beras yang Dimasak
Authors: Nurhayati Aprinia Dian , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Anwar Faisal , Winarto Adi
Published: April 2020

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji metode in vitro yang paling potensial digunakan dalam skrining indeks glikemik (IG) pada nasi yang menurut literatur memiliki IG berbeda (rendah, sedang dan tinggi). Metode Englyst et al. (2003) dan Argyri et al. (2016) menjadi metode in vitro terpilih yang diuji validitasnya untuk mengetahui kemampuan keduanya dalam menggolongkan pangan sesuai hasil pengujian IG in vivo. Sebanyak enam varietas beras dimasak menggunakan rice cooker kemudian nasi diuji kadar proksimat (protein, lemak, air, abu, karbohidrat), serat pangan total, amilosa, amilopektin dan pati. Sebanyak 20 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibagi dalam dua kelompok sebanding untuk diukur kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah mengonsumsi makanan. Nasi hitam Cirebon, Cisokan dan Inpara 5 memiliki IG sedang, sedangkan nasi Inpari 24, Sintanur dan ketan Grendel tergolong IG tinggi. Kadar glukosa nasi pada metode Englyst et al. (2003) menit ke-20 dan Argyri et al. (2016) menit ke-120 apabila dibuat pemeringkatan terendah hingga tertinggi menunjukkan urutan peringkat yang sesuai dengan urutan nilai IG in vivo. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah metode Argyri et al. (2016) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih mendekati nilai IG in vivo dan prosedur pengukuran yang dilakukan lebih mirip dengan proses pencernaan pada tubuh manusia, sehingga metode ini lebih direkomendasikan dalam memperkirakan pengkategorian IG in vivo pada sampel berupa nasi (r2=0,461, p<0,01).Kata kunci: indeks glikemik, in vitro, nasiÂ Abstract Â The aim of this study was to test the most potential in vitro methods to used in screening the glycemic index (GI) of rice which according to the literature had different GI category (low, medium, high). Englyst et al. (2003) and Argyri et al. (2016) became the selected in vitro method that tested their validity by determine their ability to classify food according to the results of in vivo GI. Six rice varieties were cooked using a rice cooker then tested for proximate analysis (protein, fat, water, ash, carbohydrate), total dietary fiber, amylose, amylopectin and starch. A total of 20 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two comparable groups to measure their blood glucose levels for 2 hours after consuming test food. Cirebon black rice, Cisokan and Inpara 5 have moderate GI, while Inpari 24, Sintanur and Grendel glutinous rice were classified as high GI. Glucose levels of rice as measured by Englyst et al. (2003) at 20th minute and Argyri et al. (2016) at 120th minute has a comparable rank with in vivo GI. The conclusion of this study is method by Argyri et al. (2016) showed results that were closer to the in vivo GI and the measurement procedure was more similar to the digestive process in the human body, thus its became more recommended method to estimating the categorization of in vivo GI in rice samples (r2=0,461, p<0,01). Keywords: glycemic index, in vitro, rice
The development of computer-assisted instruction game on mirror reflection concepts for junior high school students
Authors: Nugraha Ikmanda , Athfyanti Nida N , Prabawa Harsa Wara
Published: April 2020

This research aims to develop computer-assisted instruction by using gamification elements on mirror reflection topics in Junior High School. The method used in this research was a descriptive method. The subject of this research is experts and students. Experts chosen in this research are one science expert, one media expert, and one science teacher. Students chosen in this research are fifty-seven students in 9 grade at one of junior high school. The gamification aspects were chosen to make the game were goals, science content, and challenging environment. The expert gave feedbacks in both media and the quality of the content aspects. Students were asked about their agreement level of the gamification elements and the effect of gamification. The effect of gamification asked were motivation, joyness, convenience, addiction, understanding improvement, attractiveness, and interactiveness. The result found that experts gave a good score towards this game. Students also agreed that the game has goals, science content, and challenging environment. The result also found that the gamification elements itself caused them to feel motivated, joy, convenience, addiction, improve their understanding, and attracted after playing the game. Other than that, students confirmed they have two ways of interaction with the game. More than half of total students got a score higher than the average score after playing the game.
Флуктуации плотности и температуры за фронтом ударной волны при воздействии стратифицированного источника энергии
Authors: Азарова О.А. , Кравченко О.В. , Лапушкина Т.А. , Ерофеев А.В.
Published: May 2020

For the conditions obtained in experiments on the interaction of a shock wave with an ionization unstable plasma, a numerical simulation of the impact of a thermally stratified energy source on the shock wave front is performed based on the full Navier-Stokes equations. It has been shown that its curvature, registered in schlieren-images, is associated with a higher temperature of the central layers of the source, and its disappearance is due to the multiple generation of the Richtmayer-Meshkov instabilities, which were obtained in the field of gas density. In addition, it was shown that when the source energy is redistributed into layers, local regions are formed behind the shock wave front with a gas temperature several times higher than the values for a homogeneous source.