bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN INDOEUROPEAN‐FINNOUGRIAN LOANWORD PROBLEM1
Authors: Ross Alan S. C.
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY AND CONTENTS

The subject discussed in the present paper is, primarily, the assignment to their Indoeuropean etymons of the congruent sets of Finno‐Ugrian numerals typified respectively by Hungarian hét‘7’, Mansi sat‘7’, Finnish seitsemän‘7’, Finnish ‐deksan‘10’, Komi and Udmurt das‘10’ and Finnish sata‘100’. Secondarily, from these assignments I draw some detailed conclusions as to the influence of the Indoeuropean decimal numeration‐system on the Finno‐Ugrian sextal numeration‐system.
THE ‐n CLASS OF VERBS IN BASQUE1
Authors: Trask Robert L.
Published: March 2008

Basque possesses a class of verbs with the characteristic class markers ‐n. These verbs exhibit a number of morphological peculiarities which distinguish them from verbs of other classes, notable an uncertainty as to whether the ‐n is part of the stem or not, the presence of an unexpected i in certain derived forms, and the use of post‐consonantla suffixes after vowels. It is proposed that this class of verbs developed from the larger, and well‐behaved, ‐i class of verbs as a consequence of regular phonological change followed by reanalysis.
THE ROMANCE ELEMENT IN MALTESE: A REVIEW OF THE PROBLEMS
Authors: Cremona J.
Published: March 2008

The peripheral dialects of Arabic tend to differ from the core dialects by having an important component derived from anther languages or language group. In the case of Maltese this non‐Arabic component has been alost entirely of Romance origin until comparative recently, when English began to play a part. The Romance component is frequently more closely defined by stating that it is Italian, or Sicilian, or Siculo‐Italian. It is the purpose of this paper to examine this component and try and understand the role that it has played in the formation of moderbn Maltese.
ETYMA GRAECA VIII (36–39)
Authors: SZEMERÉNYI OSWALD
Published: March 2008

This modest quaternion of Greek etymological problems is offered in friendship to the well‐known Indo‐Europeanist of Cracow University on the occasion of his seventieth birthday.

The paper deals with (1) the remaining problems of the IE numeral for 1,000; (2) and (3) the two terms of the IE expression of taking an oath where Greek horkos is shown to be from IE *s(w) or‐ko‐s, formed from the IE (!) verb *s(w)er‐‘swear’ and Greek omnunai is derived from IE *om(H)‐‘strong, strength’ and traced to the earlier meaning ‘affirm, assert, swear’; (4) Latin ambulāre, earlier anabolā‐which is regarded as a borrowing from Greek anabolā‐.
LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN PREHISTORY
Authors: VENNEMANN THEO
Published: March 2008

This paper proposes a reconstruction of the language of Europe north of the Alps before the advent of Indo‐European. It contains the following sections: 1. Purpose. 2. Krahe's ‘Old European hydronymy’. 3. On the Old European toponymy. 4. A critique of Krahe's morphology of the Old European hydronymy. 5. The agglutinating structure of the language of the Old European toponymy. 6. The non‐Indo‐European character of the language of the Old European toponymy. 7. Grammatical sketch of the language of the Old European toponymy. 8. Structural and substantive similarities between the language of the Old European toponymy and Basque. 9. The origin of the language of the Old European toponymy.
EXPONENTS OF FUTURITY IN GOTHIC1
Authors: Coleman Robert
Published: March 2008

Abstract

The Greek future is generally rendered by the Gothic present indicative or, much less often, subjunctive; which shows that Gothic had not yet developed a distinctive future tense. A starting point for such a development is in the rare but varied analytic exponents of futurity, examined here in detail. The role of aspect in the distribution of these exponents, as of presents with or without ga‐ to signal futurity, has been greatly exaggerated. The analytic exponents themselves postdate Wulfila's original version, and the revisers who introduced them‐mostly in a small number of passages‐were drawing on the spoken language, where there was bilingual interaction with Vulgar Latin, which shows a similar range of exponents. Though probably modelled on Latin habere+inf., Gothic haban+inf. was the exponent best equipped to provide a new future tense.
OLD ENGLISH OPEN SYLLABLE LENGTHENING*
Authors: Hogg Richard M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract

In the West Saxon dialect of Old English the historical sound change known as Restoration of a is regularly subject to morphological levelling in order to eliminate allomorphic variation. However, in the strong adjective declension there are non‐historical variations between a and æ which cannot be so accounted for and for which no plausible explanation has been give. It is argued that these are the result of a purely phonetic lengthening of /æ/ in open syllables, the precursor of the phonological change known as Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening. Some of the consequences of such an account for other aspects of Old English phonology are briefly considered.
Effectiveness and Appropriateness of Therapeutic Play Intervention in Preparing Children for Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Li Ho Cheung William , Lopez Violeta
Published: March 2008

PURPOSE.  This paper aims to examine the effectiveness and appropriateness of using therapeutic play in preparing children for surgery.

DESIGN/METHOD.  A randomized controlled trial was employed. Children (7–12 years of age; n = 203) admitted for surgery during a 13‐month period were recruited.

RESULTS.  The results support the effectiveness and appropriateness of using therapeutic play in preparing children for surgery.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  The study results promote awareness in nurses and parents that play is a very important part of children's lives, and heighten the importance of integrating therapeutic play as an essential component of holistic and quality nursing care to prepare children for surgery.
A Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors That Predict Psychopathology Following Accidental Trauma
Authors: Cox Catherine M. , Kenardy Justin A. , Hendrikz Joan K.
Published: March 2008

PURPOSE.  This meta‐analysis aimed to explore the risk factors that place a child at risk of psychopathology following accidental trauma.

DESIGN AND METHODS.  The predictive power of 8 factors was examined via transforming and combining the effect sizes to yield a weighted average effect size for each factor.

RESULTS.  The results indicated that the majority of effect sizes, although significant, were inconsistent across the studies, yielding little conclusive evidence. However, pretrauma psychopathology and threat to life were strong and consistent predictors.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Information gathered from such meta‐analyses could be used in the identification of at‐risk children and the development of screening tools. However, further widespread and comprehensive reviews of the potential risk factors and their relationships to psychopathology need to be investigated.
Determination of red cells, nucleic acid‐containing cells and platelets (RNP Determination) by a crossover analysis of emission DNA/RNA light
Authors: NAGAI Y. , KONDO H. , YAMAMOTO S. , TATSUMI N.
Published: March 2008

We developed a new flow cytometry analysis method using a crossover analysis of emission light from intracellular DNA/RNA. Both the RNA and the DNA content in each cell were new parameters obtained by fluorescence analysis using acridine orange supravital stain. With this method, two‐dimensional diagrams produced by cellular RNA concentration (CRc) and cellular DNA concentration (CDc) enabled clear separation of red cells and platelets, and the diagram (RNP Diagram) also distinguished fluorescently stained blood cells and small particles derived from background dust of the reagent. This study assessed the capability of RNP Determination concerning reticulocyte count and accurate platelet count obtained by the ratio of red cells and platelets. The distance of each event between red cell distribution and platelet distribution was sufficiently large on the diagram, and the two regions did not overlap. Both reticulocyte count and platelet count showed excellent correlation with those obtained by their respective reference methods. In conclusion, this new assay, using RNP Determination, demonstrated great potential for detecting abnormalities of red cells and platelets.
Dental treatment for deaf patients
Authors: CLARK CHARLES A. , CANGELOSI‐WILLIAMS PATRICIA , LEE MARGARET A. , MORGAN LORI
Published: March 2008

The deaf population requires special treatment in the dental office. Virtually all published articles in the literature about dental treatment for these persons are reviewed. This population is one of several populations having limited access to care as identified by the ADA. A course developed to address the special needs of persons who are hearing impaired is described. Definitions of persons who are hearing impaired, education of deaf persons, psychosocial aspects of deafness, aids to communication, the deaf community, sign language, and interpreting and interpreters are topics discussed here that will improve dentists' service to deaf persons.

The dental professional has the privilege of providing care to all Americans and the hearing‐impaired population has been identified as one having special treatment needs. After exposure to this information, dental students and dentists should become more aware of, and seek more information pertaining to the special needs of deaf persons. It is further hoped that they will make the modifications necessary to accommodate deaf persons as patients.
Oral findings and a proposal for a dental health care program for patients with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy
Authors: MORINUSHI TAKANOBU , MASTUMOTO SHlNlCHl
Published: March 2008

A total of 43 patients with muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type were separated into the three groups by calendar and dental age. Oral examinations, questionnaires, and observations of dental behavior were recorded to propose a dental health management program for the particular problems associated with these patients. Three general conclusions were drawn from this study.
A self‐supporting hospital dental service
Authors: PATZ STEPHEN M.
Published: March 2008

This article focuses on the business aspects of dentistry in a hospital. However, there is another aspect of hospital dentistry—the relationship of dentistry to medicine in a hospital and the tertiary dental services that can be developed with a strong dental program.

A strong dental service has benefits for a hospital in addition to its service to an indigent dental community and the teaching of general practice dental residents. A strong dental service will attract oral surgeons and potentially an oral surgery residency program. Oral surgeons can fill beds, use the operating room, and interact with other medical disciplines. Having oral surgery residents will attract the more difficult oral surgery patients (oral carcinoma or maxillofacial surgery), and these residents will be available for 24‐hour coverage, thereby encouraging major cases to be admitted to the hospital. Oral surgeons will also refer dental emergencies to the emergency room, which will also be a potential source of admissions.

The relationship of medicine and dentistry can also be found in the following programs: cleft palate teams, head and neck surgery, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, maxillofacial surgery, and mandibular fractures. These programs will encourage physicians to admit patients with these health care needs to the hospital as the full range of services are available. There are many reasons for a hospital to evaluate all possible alternatives for survival of hospital ambulatory dentistry or to evaluate the start of a program.
Jasione sphaerocephala sp.nov. (Campanulaceae) from Italy
Authors: Brullo Salvatore , Marcenò Cosimo , Pavone Pietro
Published: March 2008

Jasione sphaerocephala Brullo, Marcend et Pavone sp.nov. is described from Calabria, S Italy. It grows in rocky places and has some resemblance to J. laevis and J. montana. The chromosome number is 2n = 14.
The Aeollanthus buchnerianus group (Labiatae)
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

The Aeollanthus buchnerianus group, i.e., the species of Aeollanthus with an explosive pollination mechanism, is revised. A canescens Gürke. A. njassae Gürke and A. nyikensis Bak. are reduced to synonyms of A. buchnerianus Briq.

A. cuneifolius Bak., A. nodosus Hiern and A. welwitschii Briq. are reduced to synonyms of A. candelabrum Briq.

A. cucullatus Ryding, A. neglectus (Dinter) Launert, A. rivularis Hiern, A. sedoides Hiern and A. tuberosus Hiern are maintained. Typification, notes on distribution and habitat, maps and keys are provided for all taxa, descriptions for most species.
Contributions to the orchid flora of Thailand IX
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar
Published: March 2008

In continuation of earlier papers in this series, published in the now discontinued Botanisk Tidskrift Vol. 65–72, 1969–1977, additions and corrections to earlier papers on East Asiatic orchids are supplied. Seven new species are proposed, of which five from neighboring countries, and further seven new records for Thailand are listed. The five species alien to Thailand may be expected to be found also in Thailand. Some nomenclatural changes and new synonyms are proposed. An attempt is made to clarify taxonomical and nomenclatural problems on some entities in the Rhopalanthe section of Dendrobium.
Antler hyphae and the physical properties of the peridiole wall in the genus Nidula
Authors: Brodie Harold J.
Published: March 2008

Several physical properties of the peridiole wall of the four species of Nidula are shown to be related to the presence of thick–walled pigmented antler hyphae. The peridiole wall of N. emodensis and N. niveotomentosa is strongly hydrophobic and markedly frangible: in these species antler hyphae form the outermost layer of peridioles. In N. Candida and N. macrocarpa, antler hyphae are located beneath an outer bounding layer of undifferentiated and unpigmented hyphae and the peridioles of these species are hydrophilic and their walls are not frangible. Splash experiments indicate that the fruit bodies of N. emodensis and N. niveotomentosa are more efficient in splash dispersal of peridioles than fruit bodies of N. Candida.
The life histories in culture of the brown algae Gononema alariae sp.nov. and G. aecidioides comb.nov. from Greenland
Authors: Pedersen Poul Møiler
Published: March 2008

Plants that agree with those provisionally referred to as Entonema alariae Jaasund (nom.prov.) have a direct type of life history. The swarmers from the plurilocular sporangia germinate and develop directly into new, small tufts. This development takes place under cold (4°C) as well as under warm (15°C) long day (LD) conditions in a medium with liver infusion. Erect, branched, uniseriate filaments develop in a medium without liver infusion. The laterals of these filaments are transformed to uniseriate, plurilocular sporangia under cold LD conditions. A lateral true hair has been observed on the erect filaments. Such filaments resemble those of the genus Gononema and the plant in question is, therefore, named Gononema alariae sp.nov. Ectocarpus aecidioides Rosenvinge =Entonema aecidioides (Rosenvinge) Kylin also has a direct type of life history. In a medium without liver infusion it occasionally develops erect filaments. These filaments also resemble those of the genus Gononema and the combination Gononema aecidioides (Rosenvinge) comb.nov. is, therefore, proposed.
The identification of Tithonia voucher specimens used for sesquiterpene lactone investigations
Authors: Duke John C. La , Difeo Dan R.
Published: March 2008

The identification of Tithonia voucher specimens as T. rotundifolia (Mill.) Blake, used for sesquiterpene lactone chemical investigations, have been found to be T. diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray. The compound Ivalin, also is reported for the first time from T. calva Sch. Bip. in Semann.
Pteleopsis apetala sp.nov. (Combretaceae) and the delimitation of Pteleopsis and Terminalia
Authors: Vollesen Kaj
Published: March 2008

Pteleopsis apetala Vollesen is described. The delimitation of Pteleopsis and Terminalia is discussed. It is proposed that the structure of the inflorescence is used as the main distinguishing character between the two genera. The new combination Pteleopsis pteleopsoides (Exell) Vollesen is proposed.
Formation of spore ornamentation in two Sphaerophorus species
Authors: Tibell Leif
Published: March 2008

Two different ways of achieving a spore ornamentation have been demonstrated in Sphaereophorus, belonging to the Caliciales. In S. globosus the ornamentation is formed within the ascus by an external secondary spore wall in an ontogenetic process with several unique features. In S. murrayi the ornamentation is formed at a late stage, when the spores have been released from the asci. Carbonaceous material formed among the asci and paraphyses is added to the surface of the primary wall, and a very irregular ornamentation is formed. The name Sphaerophorus murrayi Ohlsson is validated.
Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects
Authors: Barthlott Wilhelm
Published: March 2008

Based on SEM examinations of about 5000 species of seed plants, this is a survey of their epidermal surface characters with an aim to application in taxonomy. Surface characters may be grouped into four categories: (1) Cellular arrangement or cellular pattern. (2) Shape of cells (the “primary sculpture” of a surface). (3) Relief of outer cell walls (the “secondary sculpture” superimposed on the primary sculpture), caused mainly by cuticular striations and superficially visible wall inclusions and wall thickenings. (4) Epicuticular secretions (the “tertiary sculpture” superimposed on the secondary sculpture), i.e. mainly waxes and related substances.

The systematic applicability is discussed for each of these structural groups. Epidermal characters are only slightly influenced by environmental conditions. Their high structural diversity provides most valuable criteria for the classification between species and family level. There is also some evidence for their systematic applicability above the family level.

The possible evolutionary–ecological significance of surface sculpturing is discussed briefly. There is evidence that these features may be seen primarily under the aspects of reduced ability of plants to contaminate and as temperature control mechanisms of the surfaces.
Sieve–element characters
Authors: Behnke H.–Dietmar
Published: March 2008

Of all the ultrastructural features recognized within sieve elements their specific plastids provide the most successful characters in seed plant systematics. Sieve–element plastids are classified into subtypes and forms according to their protein and starch contents. Presently 26 different forms grouped into six subtypes within the two basic types (S– and P–) may be discerned. Plastid forms containing protein crystals, protein filaments and starch grains are proposed to be primitive, forms missing any one of these contents held to be derived (a synoptical key is given to ease the identification of the different plastid forms). Based on the quantitative distribution of over 1500 investigated species and the suggested evolution of plastid forms a cladistic diagram is prepared to demonstrate interrelationships between forms of sieve–element plastids and the evolution of seed plant taxa. Correlations exist between subtype PII and Monocotyledons, subtype PHI and Centrospermae, subtype PIV and Fabales. Genuine plastid forms characterize Buxaceae (PVIc), Erythroxylaceae and Rhizophoraceae (both PVc) and Cyrillaceae (PVcf). The Magnoliiflorae are distinct by presence in its families of a great number of forms of subtype PI. Phylogenetic correlations for some of these taxa are discussed. – Crystalline P–protein of sieve–elements provides another character to be used for the delimitation of some families (e.g. Fabaceae), while presently ER–complexes or other organelles of sieve elements do not contribute to seed plant systematics.
Myrosin cells and dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in the order Capparales
Authors: Jørgensen Lise Bolt
Published: March 2008

Ultrastructural results for different types of protein–rich cells in five families generally accepted as Capparalean (Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Resedaceae, Tovariaceae and Moringaceae) and two others (Gyrostemonaceae and Bataceae) considered by some workers to be Capparalean, support their alignment in the order Capparales. The term myrosin cell is used for those protein–rich cells which are typically idio–blastic and characterized by a homogenous, granular proteinaceous material in the vacuole and a cytoplasm which is filled with an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. This idioblastic myrosin cell type is characteristic for the Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Tovariaceae, Moringaceae and Gyrostemonaceae. The guard cells of stomata may appear as myrosin cells, in which case they are termed guard–cell myrosin cells; they are found in the Resedaceae, Tovariaceae and Bataceae. Other proteinaceous cells are those with protein–rich dilated cisternae (DC) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). One type is the organelle–like DC, utricular or irregular dilations of the ER, filled with protein and ribosome–studded. Utricular DC are characteristic for the Brassicaceae and Capparaceae. Another type of DC is represented by protein–containing vacuoles derived from the ER, protein–rich ER–dependent vacuoles; these are found in the Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Resedaceae, Tovariaceae and Gyrostemonaceae. The myrosin cells and cells with protein–rich dilated cisternae are here regarded as taxonomic criteria for the order Capparales.
The pollination ecology of Listera ovata (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Nilsson L. Anders
Published: March 2008

Interactions betweenListera ovata(L.) R. Br. and anthophilous insects were observed on Öland and in Uppland, Sweden, during 1974–1980. The pollen vectors were mainly ichneumons (Hymenoptera Parasitica, Ichneumonidae), saw–flies (Hymenoptera Symphyta) and beetles (Coleoptera). These three groups transported on Oland 56, 28 and 10% and in Uppland 28, 54 and 15% of the pollinia. The most common visitors were Diptera. In the Ichneumonidae, males were on average over three times as frequent as females and carried 81% of the pollinia. Various data indicated anthecological specialization to about 8–12 mm long, relatively strong insects, which show abundance and diversity in the biotopes withL. ovata.They have medium–sized almost hairless heads with short and rather small mouth–parts. Perhaps optimal interaction takes place with ichneumon males. Since floral adaptation to the legitimate group obviously includes generalized chemical attractants and complete accessibility of nectar, the spectrum of visitors reaches that of an umbelliferous plant. The touch–sensitive rostellum has probably induced evolution of the long nectariferous furrow on the labellum surface. The floral fragrance is essentially a terpene–blend. Experiments indicated strict entomogamy.
Kniphofia monticola (Liliaceae), a new species from Malawi
Authors: Blackmore Stephen
Published: March 2008

Kniphofia monticola Blackmore sp. nov., from Mulanje Mountain in Malawi is described. This new species is most closely related to K. splendida E. A. Bruce, a widely distributed species in tropical and southern Africa.
Entoloma subgen. Pouzaromyces (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) in Norway
Authors: Gulden Gro , Markussen Jon
Published: March 2008

Six taxa, representing five species of Entoloma (Fr.) Kumm. subgen. Pouzaromyces (Pilat) Moser emend. Noordel. are described from Norway, of which four are new to the country, viz., E. dysthales (Peck) Sacc, E. dysthaloides Noordel., E. araneosum (Quel.) Moser i.fulvostrigosum (Berk. & Br.) Noordel., and E. versatilis (Fr.) Moser.
A new species of Spirogyra from Greenland
Authors: Kadiubowska Joanna Zofia , Christensen Tyge
Published: March 2008

Spirogyra pseudotetrapla Kadi. sp. nov. is described from a coastal freshwater pond at Godhavn, W Greenland.
Some new freshwater species of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Thomsen Helge Abildhauge , Zimmermann Birthe , Moestrup Øjvind , Kristiansen Jørgen
Published: March 2008

Examination of electron microscopical whole mounts prepared from freshly collected water samples from Danish ponds and lakes has revealed a number of hitherto undescribed Paraphysomonas species. Following the description of the new species (P. circumvallata, P. punctata, P. vacuolata, P. subrotacea, P. poteriophora, P. quad–rispina, P. coronata, P. eiffelii, P. sigillifera) the genus now contains 21 formally described species, which on account of scale morphology may be distributed within four groups. The nonperforated plate–scale (cf. P. circumvallata), which closely resembles scales of other chrysophycean genera (e.g. Lepidochromonas, Spiniferomo–nas), may represent a basic type of scale within the genus Paraphysomonas. Two major lines of evolution may have taken place: 1) removal of scale material through the appearance of scale apertures, and 2) an upheaval of central scale material to form a spine. Material from Greece is in some cases included, indicating at once the probable ubiquity of some of the new species. An emended description is given of P. takahashii (recently described on the basis of scale characteristics only) adding information on morphology and dimensions of whole cells. The presence of silicon in the scales has been demonstrated by X–ray analyses of two of the new species (P. circumvallata, P. subrotacea).
Generic and infrageneric nomenclature of annual Poaceae: Poeae related to Vulpia and Desmazeria
Authors: Stace Clive A.
Published: March 2008

The 26 generic and 63 infrageneric names which have been applied to the approximately 47 species belonging to the Vulpia–Desmazeria group of annual Poaceae: Poeae are listed, together with their bibliographic, nomenclatural and typological details. A synopsis of the classification of this group adopted by the author, involving twelve genera and five extra sections, follows, and includes a new combination at the sectional level: Vulpia sect. Apalochloa (Dumort.) Stace. Although not closely related to this group of grasses, the genus Sclerochloa is included as it has been very widely confused taxonomically, nomenclaturally and typographically with Scleropoa.
Chromosome numbers in Impatiens from Thailand
Authors: Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

Chromosome numbers are given for Impatiens chiangdaoensis (2n = 12), I. violaeflora (2n = 10, 12) and I. mengtzeana (2n = 16). A survey of known chromosome numbers of Impatiens from Thailand is also given.
Notes on some species of Achasma (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

Six Indo–Chinese taxa of Achasma (Zingiberaceae) are discussed. Two new combinations are proposed: A. araneosum (Baker) K. Larsen and A. loroglossum (Gag–nep.) K. Larsen. Types have been selected for these and for A. pavieanum (Pierre ex Gagnep.) Loes.
Apomixis in Eremopogon foveolatus (Gramineae)
Authors: Bhanwra Ravinder K. , Choda S. P.
Published: March 2008

The investigation deals with the reproductive behaviour in Eremopogon foveolatus (Del.) Stapf, a member of the tribe Andropogoneae. The magaspore mother cell or the products of its meiotic division degenerate in a majority of ovules and four–nucleate unreduced embryo sacs are formed from the surrounding cells of the nucellus. Eight–nucleate reduced embryo sacs are also formed in some ovules but the percentage of such ovules is very low. The unreduced egg develops parthenogenetically but fertilization of the polar nucleus appears to be essential for the formation of endosperm.
Crossing experiments with Enteromorpha intestinalis and E. compressa from different European localities
Authors: Larsen Jacob
Published: March 2008

Sexual compatibility in the marine algae Enteromorpha intestinalis and E. compressa has been studied using laboratory cultures from various geographical areas in Europe. The two species are found to be totally separated by a sterility barrier. Well branched plants always fall in the same of the two genetically isolated groups and should be called E. compressa s.str., while most other plants should be referred to E. intestinalis s.l. The early development of sporophyte germlings may follow two different patterns, both of which have been observed in a single combination of parental plants, though not at the same time.
Serological contributions to the systematics of Ulex (Genisteae – Fabaceae) and allied genera
Authors: Feoli–Chiapella Laura , Cristofolini Giovanni
Published: March 2008

Seven Ulex species were compared serologically with 21 species of related genera. Seed proteins were employed to immunize rabbits; immune sera to 17 species were produced. The presence or absence of differential characters (spurs) was detected in immunodiffusion experiments and recorded in a square matrix for each antiserum. The interspecific correlation was then computed, and an ordination on principal components was obtained.

The results suggested that: (1) Ulex L. should include sect. Pseudogenista (= genus Nepa Webb) and sect. Slauracanthus (= genus Stauracanthus Link); (2) sect. Stauracanihus is closer to sect. Ulex than to sect. Pseudogenista; (3) Ulex is markedly dissimilar from any other genus, its highest similarity being to Genista sect. Phyllobotrys and to Chamaespartium; (4) Ulex behaves like other derived genera and can be regarded as an extremely derived form within the Genista evolutionary line; (5) Echinospartum seems a primitive genus, it is not closely related to Ulex but rather to Cytisanthus and allied genera. There is a good agreement between these results and morphological, phytogeographical and caryological evidence. A general outline of evolutionary relationships within the Genisteae is presented.
Pollen morphology and relationships of the Misodendraceae (Santalales)
Authors: Feuer Sylvia
Published: March 2008

The stem–parasitic family Misodendraceae is composed of a single genus, Misoden–drum, of 12 species endemic to the subantarctic Nothofagus forests of Chile and Argentina. Pollen of nine species was examined in the light microscope and scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Pollen is spheroidal (P/E 1:1), sparsely echi–nate and polyporate. Aperture number is variable within and among species ranging from (3–)4–19 pores scattered randomly over the surface. Ultrastructurally, the pollen wall is composed primarily of endexine with the ektexine represented only by spines and an occasional thin granular layer between these elements. Pollen data indicate ties with the recently resurrected santalalean family Eremolepidaceae including Lepidoceras.
Catunaregam pygmaea (Rubiaceae) – a new geoxylic suffrutex from the woodlands of SE Tanzania
Authors: Vollesen Kaj
Published: March 2008

Catunaregam pygmaea Vollesen is described. The species, a geoxylic suffrutex, is endemic in the Brachystegia–Julbernardia–v/oodlands of SE Tanzania. A preliminary review is made of the occurrence of geoxylic suffrutices in the Zanzibar–Inhambane Regional Mosaic. It is proposed that species with this specialized growth–form have evolved and are at present evolving in the woodlands of this Region, mainly as a response to the annual burning of the vegetation.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 21. New taxa and combinations in Kyllinga Rottb.
Authors: Lye Kåre Amstein
Published: March 2008

Eight new species, one new subspecies and one new variety of Kyllinga are described from tropical Africa, viz. Kyllinga brunneoalba Lye, K. afropumila Lye, K, albogracilis Lye, K. aureovillosa Lye, K. alba–purpurea Lye, K. rhizomafragilis Lye, K. microbracleata Lye, K. afro–occidentalis Lye, K. erecta Schumacher ssp. albescens Lye, and K. melanosperma Nees var. hexalata Lye. In addition nine new combinations are made, viz. Kyllinga peteri (Kükenthal) Lye, K. bigibbosa (Fosberg) Lye, K. odorata Vahl ssp. appendiculata (K. Schum.) Lye, K. alba Nees ssp. ascolepidioides (H. Cherm.) Lye, K. nervosa Steudel ssp.flava (C.B.C1.) Lye, K. melanosperma Nees ssp. elata (Steudel) Lye, K. brevifolia Rottb. ssp. lurida (Kükenthal) Lye, K. bre–vifolia Rottb. ssp. intricata (H. Cherm.) Lye, and K. comosipes (Mattf. & Kükenthal) Agnew & Hanid ssp. decolorans (Kükenthal) Lye.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 22. New taxa and combinations in Abildgaardia Vahl II
Authors: Lye Kåre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

Nine new species and one new variety of Abildgaardia are described and illustrated from East Africa, viz. Abildgaardia macrostachya Lye, A. rhizomatosa Lye, A. cru–ciformis Lye, A. pallescens Lye, A. tanzaniae Lye, A. densecaespitosa Lye, A. trabecular (C. B. Clarke) Lye var. microglumis Lye, A. elegantissima Lye, A. subumbel–lata Lye and A microelegans Lye. In addition sixteen new combinations are made: Abildgaardia Vahl subgen. Bulbostylis (Kunth ex C. B. Clarke) Lye, A collina (Ridley) Lye, A. festucoides (Poiret) Lye, A lanifera (Boeck.) Lye, A leiolepis (Kükenthal) Lye, A. megasiachys (Ridley) Lye, A paradoxa (Sprengel) Lye, A parva (Ridley) Lye, A parvinux (C. B. Clarke) Lye, A rotundata (Kukenthal) Lye, A schlech–teri (C.B. Clarke) Lye, A trabeculata (C. B. Clarke) Lye, A trichobasis (Baker) Lye, A vanderystii (Cherm.) Lye, A willdenowii (Kunth) Lye and A. yalingensis (Cherm.) Lye.
On the identity of Elaphomyces uliginosus Hesse (Ascomycetes)
Authors: Kers Lars E.
Published: March 2008

Elaphomyces uliginosus Hesse is lectotypified and placed in the synonymy of E. anthracinus Vitt. The German collections tentatively identified with E. uliginosus by Dodge represent E, leveillei Tul. and are excluded. Previous treatments of E. uliginosus are commented on. The name E. uliginosus has hitherto been applied to material of E. anthracinus, E. leveillei and E. maculatus Vitt. A key covering all black Elaphomyces (6 species) known from the Nordic countries, is presented.
The genus Calceolaria in NW South America VIII. The section Calceolaria and appendices to parts I–VIII
Authors: Molau Ulf
Published: March 2008

Sect. Calceolaria (=Aposecos) of Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in NW South America is revised, and the other species of the section are briefly discussed. The section comprises annual herbs with somewhat succulent stems and leaf–blades that are usually pinnately dissected (pinnatifid). Four species are recognized in the investigated area, viz. C. mexicana, C. tenuis, C. tripartita, and C. chelidonioides, and their chromosome numbers are reported (2n = 32, 60, 64, and 60 respectively). The basic number in sect. Calceolaria is x = 8. Two new combinations are made, viz. C. mexicana ssp. prostrata (Kränzlin) Molau and C. mexicana ssp. perijensis (Pennell) Molau. The species of sect. Calceolaria are intersterile and facultatively autogamous, and each species comprises numerous pure lines, some of which may be morphologically discernible.

In the appendices, chromosome numbers are listed and the occurrence of elaiophores in all NW South American species of Calceolaria is indicated. The chromosome numbers of C. crenata ssp. australis, C. adenanthera, C. gossypina, C. semiconnata, C. stricta, C. sericea, and C. comosa (all 2n = 36) have not previously been reported. A revised key to the sections of Calceolaria in NW South America is also provided.
New species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) from Ethiopia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The new species Crotalaria jijigensis Thulin, C. polhillii Thulin and C. awasensis Thulin are described from Ethiopia.
The epiphytic lichen zones in rural Denmark and Schleswig–Holstein
Authors: Søchting Ulrik , Ramkær Knud
Published: March 2008

The epiphytic lichen flora of 332 trees standing at roadsides or in churchyards in non–urban areas of Denmark and Schleswig–Holstein, Federal Republic of Germany, was investigated. The condition of the lichen vegetation in each of 107 subareas was evaluated by means of a nine–point scale largely based upon presence, fertility and vitality of Anaptychia ciliaris and Physconia pulverulacea.

A marked depauperation of the lichen communities of the alliance Xanthorion parietinae is demonstrated in Schleswig–Holstein and is attributed to long–range SO2 air pollution. No significant pattern of adverse effects on the corresponding communities can be seen in Danish rural areas, but the reduction in frequency and size of Ramalina species in recent times is believed to be the result of background air pollution.

A list of 111 recorded taxa is given and selected species are commented on. Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau is reported as new to Denmark. The effects of agricultural spraying and the decrease in the numbers of phorophytes in recent decades are discussed.
Gunnar Seidenfaden
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Some additions and corrections to earlier papers are given, including two proposed new species and three new records for Thailand.

An alphabetic enumeration of the 999 taxa of orchids so far recorded from Thailand is supplied, with indications in broad lines of their occurrence inside and outside Thailand.
The identity of Urera longifolia and U. oligoloba – a supplement to Chew's monograph of Laportea (Urticaceae)
Authors: Friis Ib
Published: March 2008

The delimitation of the genera Obetia Gaud., Laportea Gaud., Dendrocnide Miq., and Urera Gaud, is outlined on the basis of herbarium studies. It is shown that two species from Madagascar hitherto believed to belong to Urera are more likely to be members of Laportea. The new combinations Laportea humblotii (Baill.) Friis (for Urera longifolia) and Laportea oligoloba (Baker) Friis are made. The two transfers underline the importance of Madagascar as the most prolific centre of endemism for the genus Laportea.
Branching pattern and inflorescence bud displacement in Flickingeria (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Rasmussen Hanne
Published: March 2008

The vegetative architecture of Flickingeria is modular, consisting of three kinds of shoots of determinate growth. Species differ with respect to extent of branching and length of shoots, but branching is normally restricted to a few particular buds, the potential of which depends on their position.

All inflorescences are axillary, although some appear to be terminal. Inflorescences subtended by foliage leaves are displaced into a cavity in the stem, emerging on the abaxial side of the leaf base. The peripheral layers of the stem covering the inflorescence bud may be conspicuously extended and dry up so as to resemble a bract. The arrangement of the inflorescences is a distinctive specific character within the genus. A hypothesis for the evolution of character states is established. The growth and flowering strategy is discussed.
A SEM–study of Listerella paradoxa (Myxomycetes)
Authors: Eliasson Uno , Gilert Elisabeth
Published: March 2008

Apart from the presence of a capillitium, the fructifications of Listerella paradoxa Jahn resemble those of some species of Licea Schrad. Similarities exist in general appearance, mode of dehiscence, structure of peridium, and sculpturing of spores. The capillitium of Listerella is attached near the margins of the peridial lobes, and the moniliform threads are extensions from pillars from which the threads sometimes break. Aberrant capillitial outgrowths may be reminiscent of the processes bordering the peridial lobes in Licea. Although mostly found on podetia of the lichen genus Cladonia, Listerella may also occur on other substrates. A large–spored specimen developed on an oak leaf in California falls within the intraspecific variation of L. paradoxa. LwtereWa–resembling species of Licea may also occur on Cladonia. An x–ray analysis did not reveal any Ca or other elements with an atomic weight equal to or above that of Na in peridium, capillitium and spores of L. paradoxa, nor in peridium, peridial protuberances and spores of Licea pusilla Schrad.
Aphyllophorales from Northern Thailand
Authors: Hjortstam Kurt , Ryvarden Leif
Published: March 2008

154 species of Ahyllophorales, mostly Corticiaceae and Polyporaceae are reported from Thailand, 116 out of which are new to the country. Aleurodiscus cremicolor Hjortst. & Ryv., Byssocorticium naviculare Hjortst. & Ryv., Grammothele ochraceus Ryv., Hyphoderma tuberculare Hjortst. & Ryv., Boletopsis atrata Ryv., Ceriporia subreticulala Ryv. and Oxyporus subulatus Ryv. are described as new. A key to all known Byssocorticium species is given.
The genus Anvillea (Compositae)
Authors: Anderberg Arne
Published: March 2008

The genus Anvillea (Compositae–Inuleae–Inulinae) is found to contain two species which occur in N Africa and the Middle East. Anvilleina Maire is reduced to a synonym of Anvillea and the following two new combinations are made: A. platycarpa (Maire) A. Anderb. and A. garcinii (Burm. f.) DC. ssp. radiata (Coss. & Dur.) A. Anderb. The chromosome number 2n = 14 of A. garcinii ssp. radiata is reported.
Revision of the Hordeum pusillum group
Authors: von Bothmer Roland , Jacobsen Niels , Jørgensen Rikke Bagger , Nicora Elisa
Published: March 2008

Four diploid South and North American species of Hordeum are revised, viz. H. flexuosum Nees ex Steud., H. euclaslon Steud., H. intercedens Nevski, and H. pusillum Nutt. The synonomy, distribution, chromosome numbers, and variation are treated.
Horizontal variability of some soil properties within homogeneous stands of coastal salt meadow vegetation
Authors: Vestergaard Peter
Published: March 2008

Eighty soil samples, from the depth of 0–8 cm, taken at random within eight stands of homogeneous salt meadow vegetation along the shores of the Baltic in Denmark, were analysed for bulk density, content of organic matter, actual water content, pH, and for soluble salts, expressed by specific conductivity and waterextractable Na, K, Ca and Mg. For each stand and soil parameter the horizontal soil variability was expressed by the coefficient of variation. It was found, that the variability was higher in the upper than in the lower geolittoral stands, and that it was higher in the soil soluble salts than in the physical soil parameters. Differences in the ratios between the actual values of the individual soil parameters, expressed by co–variance, were found to be a further aspect of soil variability within the stands. The relationships between number of samples, coefficient of variation and analysis precision were discussed.
Revision of the Mallomonas pumilio group (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Asmund Berit , Cronberg Gertrud , Dürrschmidt Monica
Published: March 2008

A revision of the description of Mallomonas pumilio Harris & Bradley is made. Their diagnosis comprises two different species. One of these is chosen as lectotype for M. pumilio var. pumilio; the other is described as a new species, M. alata. M. pumilio as described by Asmund and other investigators is shown to represent a variety of M. pumilio: M. pumilio var. munda var. nov. M. alata f. hualvensis f. nov. is described, and an emended description of M. pumilio var. silvicola Harris & Bradley is given. All taxa described are illustrated with SEM and TEM micrographs. Occurrence and the ecology of the taxa are discussed.
Hybridisation in the genera Vulpia and Festuca: the production of artificial F1 plants
Authors: Barker C. M. , Stace C. A.
Published: March 2008

The results of hybridisation experiments involving 24 strains of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Vulpia, representing nine species in three sections, and 22 strains of hexaploid and octoploid Festuca rubra agg., are presented, and the taxonomic implications discussed. 7848 pollinations produced 741 hybrid caryopses, from which 137 mature hybrid plants were raised (1.75% success rate) by embryo culture. Festuca x Festuca crosses were relatively easily achieved, and Festuca x Vulpia crosses were as successful as Vulpia x Vulpia crosses, indicating a close relationship between these two genera. Hybrids with F. rubra agg. were raised from females of species from all three sections of Vulpia. Within Vulpia, the most successful crosses involved V. geniculata, V. ligustica, V. fasciculata and V. pyramidata, whereas V. alopecuros was the least successful parent of all, producing only one mature hybrid from 2595 pollinations.
Two new taxa of Lobelia (Campanulaceae) from the Chihuahuan desert region of Mexico
Authors: Johnston Marshall C.
Published: March 2008

Two taxa of Lobelia from north–central Mexico are described as new, both being in sect. Lobelia subsect. Leiospermae E. Wimmer, viz. L. henricksonii (in “grex”Rosulatae E. Wimmer) and L. anatina E. Wimmer var. riskindii (in “grex”Sub–spicatae E. Wimmer). These two taxa are confined to the Mexican state of Coahuila in areally restricted mesic habitats above 1400 m alt.
An enumeration of the orchids of Northwestern Himalaya
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar , Arora C. M.
Published: March 2008

An alphabetic enumeration of the species of orchids recorded from Northwestern Himalaya is supplied. While the classical work by Duthie listed a number of about 173 species, later finds bring this number up to about 250 species of which 24 are here recorded for the first time. This includes two proposed new species Eria occidentals Seid. and Flickingeria hesperis Seid. An attempt has been made to bring the nomenclature in accordance with modern concepts and rules, one new combination, Aorchis roborovskii (Maxim.) Seid., is proposed.

A plea is made for the establishment of strictly guarded reservations in order to conserve the remains of the fast dwindling orchid flora.
Plantago ser. Hispidulae, a taxonomic revision Knud Rahn
Authors: Rahn Knud
Published: March 2008

Plantago ser. Hispidulae Rahn belongs to subgen. Psyllium (Juss.) Harms sect. Gnaphaloides Barn. 5 species are recognized, they are all narrow–leaved annuals confined to the area west of the Andes. P. limensis Pers. occurs in Peru; P. litorea Phil., P. hispidula Ruiz & Pav., and P. rancagua Steud. in those parts of Chile with drought during the summer, and P. lundborgii Sparre on the island of San Ambrosio. Flowers are cleistogamic with small corolla lobes and small anthers, very rarely chasmogamic with larger corolla lobes and anthers. Experiments demonstrated that pollination is necessary for development of seeds in cleistogamic flowers, and that transfer of pollen from one such flower to another is almost impossible.
New varieties of Trifolium semipilosum in Ethiopia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Two new varieties, Trifolium semipilosum Fresen. var. brunellii Thulin and var. intermedium Thulin, are described from the Ethiopian highlands.
New species and combinations in Anerincleistus, Driessenia, Oxyspora and Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae) in Sarawak
Authors: Hansen Carlo
Published: March 2008

The new species Anerincleistus bracteatus C. Hansen and Driessenia hepaticoides C. Hansen are described, and the new combinations Anerincleistus dajakorum (O. Schwartz) C. Hansen, Oxyspora cordata (Stapf) C. Hansen, O. ovata (Ridl.) C. Hansen and Phyllagathis dispar (Cogn.) C. Hansen are made.