bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarization state-based refractive index sensing with plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Liu Shao-Ding , Qi Xin , Zhai Wu-Chao , Chen Zhi-Hui , Wang Wen-Jie , Han Jun-Bo
Published: November 2015

A theoretical value of figure of merit exceeding 1700 is achieved with a polarization state-based refractive index sensing approach.
Thermoplasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles modulates peptide amphiphile fiber into nanowreath-like assembly
Authors: Mishra Narendra Kumar , Kumar Vikas , Joshi Khashti Ballabh
Published: November 2015

A garlanded AgNPs fibrous network of short peptide amphiphiles (sPA) leads to nanowreath-type morphology due to the thermoplasmonic effect of AgNPs.
An unexpected large capacity of ultrafine manganese oxide as a sodium-ion battery anode
Authors: Weng Yu-Ting , Huang Tzu-Yang , Lim Chek-Hai , Shao Pei-Sian , Hy Sunny , Kuo Chao-Yen , Cheng Ju-Hsiang , Hwang Bing-Joe , Lee Jyh-Fu , Wu Nae-Lih
Published: November 2015

MnO2 is shown for the first time to be electrochemically active as a conversion anode for Na-ion batteries (NIBs).
On the association of neutral and cationic tris(tetrathiafulvaleno)dodecadehydro[18]annulenes
Authors: Parker Christian R. , Lincke Kasper , Christensen Mikkel A. , Lušpai Karol , Rapta Peter , Sørensen Thomas Just , Morsing Thorbjørn J. , Du Lin , Kjaergaard Henrik G. , Hammerich Ole , Diederich François , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: November 2015

The crystal structure of a tetrathiafulvalene-dehydroannulene is reported together with solution studies on associations between neutral and/or oxidised species.
Cu-catalyzed sequential C–N bond formations: expeditious synthesis of tetracyclic indoloindol-3-ones
Authors: Kulkarni Anand M. , Srinivas Kolluru , Deshpande Mukund V. , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: November 2015

A sequence of 3 reactions in one-pot, SNAr, nitrene C–H insertion and Ullmann coupling, three C–N bond formations.
Synthesis and characterization of 18F-labeled hydrazinocurcumin derivatives for tumor imaging
Authors: Shin Sarah , Koo Hyun-Jung , Lee Iljung , Choe Yearn Seong , Choi Joon Young , Lee Kyung-Han , Kim Byung-Tae
Published: November 2015

Radiolabeled hydrazinocurcumin derivatives, [18F]1 and [18F]2 were synthesized and both radioligands were resistant to reductive metabolism. MicroPET images of C6 glioma xenografted mice showed high tumor uptake and retention of [18F]2.
Interfacial engineering by using self-assembled monolayer in mesoporous perovskite solar cell
Authors: Li Bobo , Chen Yani , Liang Ziqi , Gao Deqing , Huang Wei
Published: November 2015

A self-assembled monolayer of 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) modified TiO2 layer improved the interfacial compatibility and the quality of the above-deposited perovskite, leading to the power conversion efficiency of the device to be enhanced to 10.58%.
Magnetic dynamics of two salen type Dy2 complexes modulated by coordination geometry
Authors: Zou Xiaoyan , Yan Pengfei , Dong Yanping , Luan Fang , Li Guangming
Published: November 2015

Two salen type dinuclear dysprosium complexes bridged by two ligands displaying broken hula hoop-like and hula hoop-like coordination geometries were isolated and showed the distinct magnetic properties of single and double magnetic relaxation.
Effect of carboxylated poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymer on nanostructured unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Builes D. H. , Tercjak A.
Published: November 2015

A carboxylated poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO) block copolymer was used to fabricate nanostructured unsaturated polyester materials.
Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured PS-b-P4VP/Fe2O3thin films with magnetic properties prepared by solvent vapor annealing
Authors: Barandiaran I. , Kortaberria G.
Published: November 2015

In this work hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites with magnetic properties, based on a PS-b-P4VP block copolymer and Fe2O3maghemite nanoparticles have been prepared.
Ligand-controlled insertion regioselectivity accelerates copolymerisation of ethylene with methyl acrylate by cationic bisphosphine monoxide–palladium catalysts
Authors: Mitsushige Yusuke , Carrow Brad P. , Ito Shingo , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: November 2015

A new series of palladium catalysts ligated by a chelating bisphosphine monoxide bearing diarylphosphino groups (aryl-BPMO) exhibits markedly higher reactivity for ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymerisation.
CO2 foam properties and the stabilizing mechanism of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate and hydrophobic nanoparticle mixtures
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Zhaomin , Sun Qian , Wang Peng , Wang Shuhua , Liu Wei
Published: November 2015

The confocal fluorescence image of foams prepared with SiO2/AOT aqueous dispersions and the collaborative mechanisms of SiO2/AOT for stabilizing foams.
Formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers: ionic strengths and growth regimes
Authors: Tang Kan , Besseling Nicolaas A. M.
Published: November 2015

This article presents a study of layer-by-layer (LbL) formation of poly-electrolyte multilayers (PEMs).
Compact micro/nano electrohydrodynamic patterning: using a thin conductive film and a patterned template
Authors: Nazaripoor Hadi , Koch Charles R. , Sadrzadeh Mohtada , Bhattacharjee Subir
Published: November 2015

The influence of electrostatic heterogeneity on the electric-field-induced destabilization of thin ionic liquid (IL) films is investigated to control spatial ordering and to reduce the lateral dimension of structures forming on the films.
Non-monotonic temperature response of polymer mediated interactions
Authors: Xie Fei , Woodward Clifford E. , Forsman Jan
Published: November 2015

We construct a polymer + particle dispersion model which displays a non-monotonic response to temperature changes, in agreement with recent experimental findings.
Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets as high-rate and long-life anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Lin Yu , Li Hui Zhong , Liu Jun , Tang Sha Sha , Lu Ya Kun , Li Si Te , Min Jie , Yan Ning , Lei Ming
Published: November 2015

The effects TiO2 has on the performance of LTO–TiO2 composites for sodium-ion batteries.
Thermoelectric properties of materials with nontrivial electronic topology
Authors: Pal Koushik , Anand Shashwat , Waghmare Umesh V.
Published: November 2015

Small band gap topological insulators and Weyl semimetals show excellent TE properties. We identify two mechanisms (i) asymmetry in the electronic density of states caused by band inversion at an electronic topological transition and (ii) band convergence as the key to good TE behavior of these materials.
Asymmetric boron-complexes containing keto-isoindolinyl and pyridyl groups: solvatochromic fluorescence, efficient solid-state emission and DFT calculations
Authors: Wu Yanping , Lu Hua , Wang Sisi , Li Zhifang , Shen Zhen
Published: November 2015

A small series of keto-isoindolinyl and pyridyl-containing boron complexes with significant large Stokes shifts and solvatochromic fluorescence are reported.
Structural basis for the regulatory role of the PPxY motifs in the thioredoxin-interacting protein TXNIP
Authors: Liu Yanli , Lau Johnathan , Li Weiguo , Tempel Wolfram , Li Li , Dong Aiping , Narula Ashrut , Qin Su , Min Jinrong
Published: November 2015

TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) negatively regulates the antioxidative activity of thioredoxin and participates in pleiotropic cellular processes. Its deregulation is linked to various human diseases, including diabetes, acute myeloid leukaemia and cardiovascular diseases. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch (Itchy homologue) polyubiquitinates TXNIP to promote its degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, and this Itch-mediated polyubiquitination of TXNIP is dependent on the interaction of the four WW domains of Itch with the two PPxY motifs of TXNIP. However, the molecular mechanism of this interaction of TXNIP with Itch remains elusive. In the present study, we found that each of the four WW domains of Itch exhibited different binding affinities for TXNIP, whereas multivalent engagement between the four WW domains of Itch and the two PPxY motifs of TXNIP resulted in their strong binding avidity. Our structural analyses demonstrated that the third and fourth WW domains of Itch were able to recognize both PPxY motifs of TXNIP simultaneously, supporting a multivalent binding mode between Itch and TXNIP. Interestingly, the phosphorylation status on the tyrosine residue of the PPxY motifs of TXNIP serves as a molecular switch in its choice of binding partners and thereby downstream biological signalling outcomes. Phosphorylation of this tyrosine residue of TXNIP diminished the binding capability of PPxY motifs of TXNIP to Itch, whereas this phosphorylation is a prerequisite to the binding activity of TXNIP to SHP2 [SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2] and their roles in stabilizing the phosphorylation and activation of CSK (c-Src tyrosine kinase).
Dementia Management: A Practice Update for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Mason-Baughman Mary Beth , Kinder Renee
Published: November 2015

Most clinicians working with older adults have assessed and treated patients with cognitive-communicative deficits associated with dementia. Dementia management can be challenging at times, even for the most seasoned clinician. This article will provide a framework for dementia management focusing on assessment, treatment, and documentation to ensure that speech-language pathology services are reimbursable by meeting Medicare's definition of reasonable and necessary services as set forth by the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual. The goal of sharing this information is to help clinicians shape management programs to meet the needs of their patients with dementia and ensure compliance with current healthcare regulations.
Measurement of power system harmonic based on adaptive Kaiser self‐convolution window
Authors: Yao Wenxuan , Teng Zhaosheng , Tang Qiu , Gao Yunpeng
Published: November 2015

As the rapid development in power electronic devices, the harmonic pollution becomes one of principle power quality problems in power system. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is widely used for analysing and measuring power system harmonics. However, the limitation of the FFT such as an aliasing effect, spectrum leakage picket‐fence effect, would contribute to inaccuracy results. Furthermore, the real power system harmonic is actually a non‐stationary signal while FFT is a tool for stable signal. This study focuses on a novel FFT based method for time‐varying power system harmonic measurement. The harmonic signal is preprocessed by infinite impulse response filter bank and Teager–Kaiser energy operator for fast detection of instability onset time. Then an adaptive Kaiser self‐convolution window‐based interpolated FFT algorithm is used to estimate each harmonic component. The results of both simulation and practical implementation show that the proposed method is suitable to deal with time‐varying harmonic and achieves a higher accuracy compared with the traditional FFT‐based techniques.
Parallel relaxation‐based joint dynamic state estimation of large‐scale power systems
Authors: Karimipour Hadis , Dinavahi Venkata
Published: November 2015

Massive amounts of data generated in large‐scale grids poses a formidable challenge for real‐time monitoring of power systems. Dynamic state estimation which is a prerequisite for normal operation of power systems involves the time‐constrained solution of a large set of equations which requires significant computational resources. In this study, an efficient and accurate relaxation‐based parallel processing technique is proposed in the presence of phasor measurement units. A combination of different types of parallelism is used on both single and multiple graphic processing units to accelerate large‐scale joint dynamic state estimation simulation. The estimation results for both generator and network states verify that proper massive‐thread parallel programming makes the entire implementation scalable and efficient with high accuracy.
Current limiting impedance comparison between different designs of iron cores of the flux‐lock‐type superconducting fault current limiter
Authors: Zhao Yu , Saha Tapan Kumar , Krause Olav , Li Yong
Published: November 2015

Fault current limiters are playing an ever more important role in today's power systems and many of their different types have now reached maturity. Owing to the progress in superconducting technology, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has attracted increasing attentions. To investigate the efficacy of SFCL devices from a system point of view, the fault current limiting impedance is of great importance. This study proposed an improved structure of flux‐lock type of SFCL and compares the current limiting impedance of different layouts. It focuses on the impacts of iron core shape on primary winding inductance. The analyses include simulations based on finite element method carried out in the simulation software ANAlysis SYStem (ANSYS). This study shows that an E–E‐shaped core with an air gap is better than a closed core when being used for an SFCL. It is also found that for an iron core SFCL with fixed size, its rated fault current limiting impedance can be adjusted by changing the cross‐sectional area of the iron core centre leg and the length of the air gap.
Recent advances in single‐phase transformerless photovoltaic inverters
Authors: Barater Davide , Lorenzani Emilio , Concari Carlo , Franceschini Giovanni , Buticchi Giampaolo
Published: November 2015

Photovoltaic (PV) power systems have been in the spotlight of scientific research for years. However, this technology is still undergoing developments, and several new architectures are proposed each year. This study describes the main challenges facing grid‐connected PV systems without galvanic isolation, then carries out a review of the state‐of‐the‐art of single‐phase systems. The converter topology review is focused on the match between the different types of converters and the different PV panel technologies, determined by the common‐mode voltage between the PV string terminals and the ground. The ground leakage current, due to time variations of this voltage, is a source of electric safety and electromagnetic interference (EMI)‐related problems, and its amplitude is constrained by international standards. The basic principles of operation of the different solutions are described, along with their strengths and drawbacks. Conversion efficiency is evaluated qualitatively comparing the semiconductor power losses. Finally, the future trends regarding semiconductor devices, PV panels and international regulations for single‐phase grid‐connected equipment are discussed, and indications on how these might steer future research efforts in PV converters are inferred.
Chorionic Villus Sampling in Assisted Versus Spontaneous Conception Twins
Authors: Daskalakis Georgios , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Gourounti Kleanthi , Theodora Mariana , Sindos Michail , Papantoniou Nikolaos , Loutradis Dimitrios
Published: November 2015

Purpose To compare the outcome of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in twin pregnancies following assisted reproduction technology (ART) versus twins that have been conceived spontaneously.

Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of dichorionic twin pregnancies that underwent CVS between 1986 and 2013 at our department which is a tertiary center for fetal medicine. 32 twin pregnancies after ART and 130 spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies, which underwent CVS, were analyzed.

Results No difference was observed in the pregnancy loss rate between the two groups (0 % in the ART group vs. 3 % in the spontaneous twins group). The rate of preterm delivery before 28 weeks was higher in the ART group (18.8 %) compared to the control group (1.6 %). The perinatal mortality rate was similar in the two groups.

Conclusion The pregnancy loss rate following CVS is similar in ART twins and in spontaneous twins. However, the risk of prematurity before 28 weeks is significantly higher in the ART group.
3.1 Dihydroxylation of Aromatics and Alkenes
Authors: Allen C. C. R.
Published: November 2015

The use of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase enzymes for the biotransformation of aromatic hydrocarbons, alkenes, and phenols to give chiral cis-dihydrodiol metabolites is of significant potential for the preparation of chiral precursors for organic synthesis. Many products are produced with high enantiomeric excess, and a wide number of biotransformations have been studied. This type of biotransformation is typically used to convert readily available starting materials into single enantiomer bioproducts in a single step. The enzymes are multicomponent systems comprising two or more protein subunits. Furthermore, there is a requirement for reducing equivalents (e.g., NADH) and therefore whole-cell biocatalysts are used, either as wild-type strains, mutants, or clones. Recently, there have been significant developments in the use of molecular biology methods to improve these biocatalysts. This review covers the approaches employed to perform specific types of biotransformation, namely arene, alkene, and phenol hydroxylation.
3.3.1 Oxidation Using Dehydrogenases
Authors: Hollmann F.
Published: November 2015

The use of alcohol dehydrogenases has a number of advantages over traditional chemical methods for the oxidation of alcohols. These include the mild reaction conditions, the avoidance of tedious protecting-group strategies, and the high regio- and chemoselectivites. This review highlights the most important alcohol dehydrogenases used for biocatalysis and discusses the systems used for cofactor regeneration when employing these enzymes. The oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and further to carboxylic acids is presented, along with examples of subsequent cascade reactions (e.g., oxidation–lactonization of diols). The oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones, including the application of this reaction in kinetic resolutions and deracemizations, is also described.
3.7.1 Isoprenoids, Polyketides, and (Non)ribosomal Peptides
Authors: Quin M. , Flynn C. , Ellinger J. , Schmidt-Dannert C.
Published: November 2015

This chapter describes methods for the biosynthesis and biocatalysis of natural products belonging to the isoprenoids, polyketides (acetate pathway), phenylpropanoids (shikimate pathway), alkaloids, and ribosomal and nonribosomal peptides. Recent advances in genome-sequencing technologies and synthetic biology approaches are discussed, and biological approaches are given where available.
3.8.1 Designed Enzymatic Cascades
Authors: Oroz-Guinea I. , Fernández Lucas J. , Hormigo Cisneros D. , Garcia-Junceda E.
Published: November 2015

One of the major advantages of enzymes as catalysts is that many of them operate under similar conditions of pH, temperature, etc. and thus can be combined in one-pot multistep reaction pathways. The joint action of a sequence of enzymes allows the construction of complex structures from simple elements, a reversible process to be made irreversible, or an equilibrium reaction to be shifted in such a way that enantiomerically pure products can be obtained from racemic or prochiral substrates. This chapter highlights recent developments involving multienzyme cascade reactions for the synthesis of various classes of organic compounds.
Exploring the effects of liminality on corporate social responsibility in inter-firm outsourcing relationships
Authors: Nicholson Brian , Babin Ron , Briggs Steve
Published: November 2015

This article draws on the evidence gathered from a corporate social responsibility (CSR) research project in the area of global information technology (IT) outsourcing to examine the impact of liminality. IT outsourcing offers a novel context to study this phenomena, as it operates across the boundaries of both firm and country. The case study focuses on the specific project of a school in India, as the liminal space found ‘betwixt and between’ the client and provider of IT outsourcing services. Three stages of liminality are identified: separation (divestiture), transition (liminality) and incorporation (investiture); through the interpretive analysis of the empirical material. The construct of communitas is proposed for analysing the impact of liminality on the relationship between an outsourcing client and the provider. The understanding of liminality and communitas has both theoretical and practical implications, and contributes to the understanding of relationships and the wider role of CSR in global IT outsourcing.
Development and tests of molybdenum armored copper components for MITICA ion source
Authors: Pavei Mauro , Böswirth Bernd , Greuner Henri , Marcuzzi Diego , Rizzolo Andrea , Valente Matteo
Published: November 2015

In order to prevent detrimental material erosion of components impinged by back-streaming positive D or H ions in the megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement beam source, a solution based on explosion bonding technique has been identified for producing a 1 mm thick molybdenum armour layer on copper substrate, compatible with ITER requirements. Prototypes have been recently manufactured and tested in the high heat flux test facility Garching Large Divertor Sample Test Facility (GLADIS) to check the capability of the molybdenum-copper interface to withstand several thermal shock cycles at high power density. This paper presents both the numerical fluid-dynamic analyses of the prototypes simulating the test conditions in GLADIS as well as the experimental results.
Control system renewal for efficient operation in RIKEN 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Authors: Uchiyama A. , Ozeki K. , Higurashi Y. , Kidera M. , Komiyama M. , Nakagawa T.
Published: November 2015

A RIKEN 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source (18 GHz ECRIS) is used as an external ion source at the Radioactive Ion Beam Factory (RIBF) accelerator complex to produce an intense beam of medium-mass heavy ions (e.g., Ca and Ar). In most components that comprise the RIBF, the control systems (CSs) are integrated by the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). On the other hand, a non-EPICS-based system has hardwired controllers, and it is used in the 18 GHz ECRIS CS as an independent system. In terms of efficient and effective operation, the 18 GHz ECRIS CS as well as the RIBF CS should be renewed using EPICS. Therefore, we constructed an 18 GHz ECRIS CS by using programmable logic controllers with embedded EPICS technology. In the renewed system, an operational log system was developed as a new feature, for supporting of the 18 GHz ECRIS operation.
Extension, torque, and supercoiling in single, stretched, and twisted DNA molecules
Authors: Lam Pui-Man , Zhen Yi
Published: November 2015

We reinvestigate the model originally studied by Neukirch and Marko that describes the extension, torque, and supercoiling in single, stretched, and twisted DNA molecules, which consists of a mixture of extended state and supercoiled state, using now a more accurate form of the free energy for the untwisted but stretched DNA. The original model uses an approximate form of this free energy and the agreement with experiment is only qualitative. We find that this more accurate free energy significantly improves the results, which bring them into quantitative agreement with experiment, throughout the entire force regime. This is rather surprising, considering that the theory is completely parameter-free.
Modification to the accelerator of the NBI-1B ion source for improving the injection efficiency
Authors: Kim T. S. , Jeong S. H. , Chang D. H. , In S. R. , Park M. , Jung B. K. , Lee K. W. , Wang S. J. , Bae Y. S. , Park H. T. , Kim J. S. , Cho W. , Choi D. J.
Published: November 2015

Minimizing power loss of a neutral beam imposes modification of the accelerator of the ion source for further improvement of the beam optics. The beam optics can be improved by focusing beamlets. The injection efficiencies by the steering of ion beamlets are investigated numerically to find the optimum modification of the accelerator design of the NBI-1B ion source. The beam power loss was reduced by aperture displacement of three edge beamlets arrays considering power loadings on the beamline components. Successful testing and operation of the ion source at 60 keV/84% of injection efficiency led to the possibility of enhancing the system capability to a 2.4 MW power level at 100 keV/1.9 μP.
Study of strong enhancement of synchrotron radiation via surface plasma waves excitation by particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Pan K. Q. , Zheng C. Y. , Wu Dong , Cao L. H. , Liu Z. J. , He X. T.
Published: November 2015

Synchrotron radiation is strongly enhanced by the resonant excitation of surface plasma waves (SPWs). Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that energy conversion efficiency from laser to radiation in the case of SPWs excitation is about 18.7%, which is improved by more than 2 orders of magnitude compared with that of no SPWs excitation. Besides the high energy conversion efficiency, the frequency spectrum and the angular distribution of the radiation are also improved in the case of SPWs excitation because of the quasi-static magnet field induced by surface plasma waves excitation.
Coexistence of type-I and type-II band alignments in In0.46Al0.54As/Ga0.46Al0.54As self-assembled quantum dots
Authors: Su Linlin , Liang Baolai , Wang Ying , Guo Qinglin , Wang Shufang , Fu Guangsheng , Wang Zhiming M. , Mazur Yuriy I. , Ware Morgan E. , Salamo Gregory J.
Published: November 2015

Optical properties of In0.46Al0.54As/Ga0.46Al0.54As quantum dots (QDs) have been investigated by photoluminescence (PL). At a low temperature of 8 K, the PL peak energy blue-shifts 44 meV and the linewidth broadens by 21 meV as the excitation intensity increases by four orders of magnitude. As the temperature increases, the QD spectra demonstrate a fast redshift and narrowing from ∼35 K. These observations have been explained by the type-II nature of QDs and the lateral carrier transfer due to electronic coupling between neighboring QDs. A special double exponential decay behavior indicates the coexistence of type-I and type-II band alignment in this QD sample.
Increased magnetic damping of a single domain wall and adjacent magnetic domains detected by spin torque diode in a nanostripe
Authors: Lequeux Steven , Sampaio Joao , Bortolotti Paolo , Devolder Thibaut , Matsumoto Rie , Yakushiji Kay , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukushima Akio , Yuasa Shinji , Nishimura Kazumasa , Nagamine Yoshinori , Tsunekawa Koji , Cros Vincent , Grollier Julie
Published: November 2015

Spin torque resonance has been used to simultaneously probe the dynamics of a magnetic domain wall and of magnetic domains in a nanostripe magnetic tunnel junction. Due to the large associated resistance variations, we are able to analyze quantitatively the resonant properties of these single nanoscale magnetic objects. In particular, we find that the magnetic damping of both the domains and the domain wall is doubled compared to the damping value of the host magnetic layer. We estimate the contributions to the damping arising from the dipolar couplings between the different layers in the junction and from the intralayer spin pumping effect, and find that they cannot explain the large damping enhancement that we observe. We conclude that the measured increased damping is intrinsic to large amplitudes excitations of spatially localized modes or solitons such as vibrating or propagating domain walls.
Mechanical detection of electron spin resonance beyond 1 THz
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Ohmichi Eiji , Ohta Hitoshi
Published: November 2015

We report the cantilever detection of electron spin resonance (ESR) in the terahertz (THz) region. This technique mechanically detects ESR as a change in magnetic torque that acts on the cantilever. The ESR absorption of a tiny single crystal of Co Tutton salt, Co(NH4)2(SO4)2⋅6H2O, was observed in frequencies of up to 1.1 THz using a backward travelling wave oscillator as a THz-wave source. This is the highest frequency of mechanical detection of ESR till date. The spectral resolution was evaluated with the ratio of the peak separation to the sum of the half-width at half maximum of two absorption peaks. The highest resolution value of 8.59 ± 0.53 was achieved at 685 GHz, while 2.47 ± 0.01 at 80 GHz. This technique will not only broaden the scope of ESR spectroscopy application but also lead to high-spectral-resolution ESR imaging.
Study of Ho-doped Bi2Te3 topological insulator thin films
Authors: Harrison S. E. , Collins-McIntyre L. J. , Zhang S. L. , Baker A. A. , Figueroa A. I. , Kellock A. J. , Pushp A. , Chen Y. L. , Parkin S. S. P. , Harris J. S. , van der Laan G. , Hesjedal T.
Published: November 2015

Breaking time-reversal symmetry through magnetic doping of topological insulators has been identified as a key strategy for unlocking exotic physical states. Here, we report the growth of Bi2Te3 thin films doped with the highest magnetic moment element Ho. Diffraction studies demonstrate high quality films for up to 21% Ho incorporation. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry reveals paramagnetism down to 2 K with an effective magnetic moment of ∼5 μB/Ho. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy shows that the topological surface state remains intact with Ho doping, consistent with the material's paramagnetic state. The large saturation moment achieved makes these films useful for incorporation into heterostructures, whereby magnetic order can be introduced via interfacial coupling.
Development of reliable technique for evaluating the properties of water vapor barriers
Authors: Suzuki A. , Takahagi H. , Uehigashi A. , Hara S.
Published: November 2015

A reliable technique for evaluating a barrier film, which is a key component used to encapsulate flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), is required to reliably appraise the lifetimes of such devices. The water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) is commonly used as an indication for a barrier film. In this paper, the variables affecting WVTR measurements were investigated because the results of such evaluations typically vary widely even at a level of 10−3 g m−2 day−1 at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH). The reference films used for comparative measurements were prepared to eliminate the influence of the differences between individual barrier films. The measurement procedures were carefully investigated by using three WVTR measurement systems, which are based on different principles and different detectors. Consistency between the systems in terms of the WVTR was achieved at a level of 10−5 g m−2 day−1 at 40 °C and 90%RH. These results prove the reliability of not only our evaluation but also of these three systems, provided the measurements are performed correctly. The lag time was also analyzed to determine those factors that can affect the measurement time. It was found that the time required for a system to reach the adsorption-desorption equilibrium state can affect the measurement time.
Enhanced memory characteristics in organic ferroelectric field-effect transistors through thermal annealing
Authors: Sugano Ryo , Tashiro Tomoya , Sekine Tomohito , Fukuda Kenjiro , Kumaki Daisuke , Tokito Shizuo
Published: November 2015

We report on the memory characteristics of organic ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) using spin-coated poly(vinylidene difluoride/trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF/TrFE)) as a gate insulating layer. By thermal annealing the P(VDF/TrFE) layer at temperatures above its melting point, we could significantly improve the on/off current ratio to over 104. Considerable changes in the surface morphology and x-ray diffraction patterns were also observed in the P(VDF/TrFE) layer as a result of the annealing process. The enhanced memory effect is attributed to large polarization effects caused by rearranged ferroelectric polymer chains and improved crystallinity in the organic semiconductor layer of the FeFET devices.
Structural basis for the binding of tryptophan-based motifs by δ-COP
Authors: Suckling Richard J. , Poon Pak Phi , Travis Sophie M. , Majoul Irina V. , Hughson Frederick M. , Evans Philip R. , Duden Rainer , Owen David J.
Published: November 2015

Significance

Eukaryotic cells contain many different organelles between which vesicles traffic material. COPI-coated vesicles mediate essential, evolutionarily conserved retrograde trafficking pathways from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and within the Golgi. We have determined structures of the μ-homology domain (MHD) of the COPI δ-COP subunit in complex with tryptophan-based motifs from the ER-resident vesicle-docking/tethering complex Dsl1, giving a mechanistic description of a tether/coat interaction; furthermore we demonstrate that this interaction plays a role in facilitating COPI-coated vesicle transport in vivo. Our work demonstrates the structure of each eukaryotic cell MHD and shows that MHDs are adaptable scaffolds that can interact specifically with a range of proteins and phospholipids at different positions.
Ryanodine receptor fragmentation and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
leak after one session of high-intensity interval exercise
Authors: Place Nicolas , Ivarsson Niklas , Venckunas Tomas , Neyroud Daria , Brazaitis Marius , Cheng Arthur J. , Ochala Julien , Kamandulis Sigitas , Girard Sebastien , Volungevičius Gintautas , Paužas Henrikas , Mekideche Abdelhafid , Kayser Bengt , Martinez-Redondo Vicente , Ruas Jorge L. , Bruton Joseph , Truffert Andre , Lanner Johanna T. , Skurvydas Albertas , Westerblad Håkan
Published: November 2015

Significance

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become popular because it is a time-efficient way to increase endurance. An intriguing and so-far-unanswered question is how a few minutes of HIIT can be that effective. We exposed recreationally active men to one session of three to six sets of 30-s high-intensity cycling exercise. Muscle biopsies taken 24 h later showed an extensive fragmentation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca
2+
channels, the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1). In isolated mouse muscle fibers, this fragmentation was accompanied by increased SR Ca
2+
leak, which can trigger mitochondrial biogenesis. The HIIT-induced RyR1 fragmentation did not occur in muscles exposed to antioxidant, which offers an explanation for why antioxidants blunt effects of endurance training.
Virion-associated phosphatidylethanolamine promotes TIM1-mediated infection by Ebola, dengue, and West Nile viruses
Authors: Richard Audrey Stéphanie , Zhang Adam , Park Sun-Jin , Farzan Michael , Zong Min , Choe Hyeryun
Published: November 2015

Significance

Many viruses use phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors to gain entry into target cells, and phagocytes use these receptors to clear apoptotic cells. PS receptors mediate these activities by binding PS on the viruses or apoptotic cells. We demonstrate here that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is also a ligand for PS receptors, and that PE plays a key role in apoptotic cell clearance and infection of various pathogenic viruses, including West Nile, dengue, and Ebola viruses. This finding provides significant insights; it clarifies how PS receptors promote viral infection, suggests PE is a useful broad-spectrum antiviral target, and deepens our understanding of apoptosis and the process by which apoptotic cells are cleared.
Transition to farming more likely for small, conservative groups with property rights, but increased productivity is not essential
Authors: Gallagher Elizabeth M. , Shennan Stephen J. , Thomas Mark G.
Published: November 2015

Significance

The Neolithic revolution was one of the most influential events in human history, but why and how it occurred are still not fully understood. To try to infer what may have happened, mathematical models have been developed. We describe and implement a method of parameter space exploration when ideal outcomes of a model are known. This method is applied to a published agent-based model for the Neolithic transition, revealing previously unidentified parameter interactions, sensitivities, and complexities. Our results highlight the importance of group structuring, group size, conservatism, and farming-friendly property rights, for the switch to farming around 12,000 years ago. We also find that, although advantageous, it is not essential that farming productivity is greater than foraging productivity.
Facilitation shifts paradigms and can amplify coastal restoration efforts
Authors: Silliman Brian R. , Schrack Elizabeth , He Qiang , Cope Rebecca , Santoni Amanda , van der Heide Tjisse , Jacobi Ralph , Jacobi Mike , van de Koppel Johan
Published: November 2015

Significance

Restoration is rapidly becoming a key conservation tool to counteract coastal degradation and enhance biodiversity and the provisioning of ecosystem services. This paper shows that the success of wetland restorations can be significantly enhanced through simple, no-cost design changes that harness positive species interactions. Although 96% of restoration organizations we surveyed plant propagules in dispersed arrangements that seek to reduce competition, our cross-continent study using clumped arrangements to harness facilitation challenges this conventional theory. Harnessing previously untapped, but naturally occurring, facilitation through small adjustments in design resulted in significantly higher yields and survivorship with no additional cost. These results highlight the value for the use of facilitation theory in restoration designs and call for integration of this theory into practice.
Identification and Distribution of Morphologically Conserved Smoothhound Sharks in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Giresi Melissa M. , Grubbs R. Dean , Portnoy David S. , Driggers William B. , Jones Lisa , Gold John R.
Published: November 2015

Identification of sharks within the genus Mustelus (smoothhound sharks) is problematic because of extensive overlap in external morphology among species. Consequently, species‐specific management of smoothhound shark resources is difficult when multiple species inhabit the same geographic region. The species identification and distribution of smoothhound sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico (the Gulf) were assessed using sequences of mitochondrial DNA, nuclear‐encoded microsatellites, and catch data. Phylogenetic analysis of 1,047 base pairs of mitochondrially encoded ND‐2 sequences and Bayesian clustering of multilocus genotypes at 15 microsatellites revealed three genetically distinct monophyletic lineages (clades) of smoothhound sharks in the Gulf. Examination of external morphology revealed characters that distinguished each genetically distinct clade, and based on species descriptions and comparisons with the type and other specimens in established collections, the lineages were identified as Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis, Florida Smoothhound Mustelus norrisi, and Gulf Smoothhound Mustelus sinusmexicanus. Two hundred and eighty‐seven smoothhound sharks sampled from across the Gulf were then assigned unequivocally, based on genetic data, to one of the three species. Multifactorial analysis and homogeneity tests of species‐specific means versus grand means of spatiotemporal factors (depth, longitude, and month) at capture indicated significant differences among the three species with respect to all three factors. On average, the Smooth Dogfish is found in deeper waters than the Gulf Smoothhound, whereas the Florida Smoothhound inhabits relatively shallow waters. A diagnostic key for the field identification of adult specimens of each species is provided.
Using Aerial Imagery to Characterize Redband Trout Habitat in a Remote Desert Landscape
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Fesenmyer Kurt A. , Bjork Robin
Published: November 2015

Remote sensing products, including aerial imagery, can be used to quantify characteristics of watersheds and stream corridors that often predict the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. We conducted a supervised, object‐oriented classification of imagery from the National Agricultural Imagery Program to develop a high‐resolution (1‐m) land cover data set with four cover classes, emphasizing accurate characterization of woody riparian vegetation along stream corridors in northern Nevada and southwestern Idaho. The overall classification accuracy was 76%, and producer's accuracy (reflecting false positives) and user's accuracy (reflecting false negatives) for the woody vegetation class were 84% and 70%, respectively. Using logistic and quantile regression models in a model‐selection framework, we found woody vegetation to be positively associated with the occurrence and density of Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri. In addition, occurrence probabilities and densities were highest at mean August stream temperatures (predicted from a stream temperature model) ranging from 13°C to 17°C. When considered together with stream temperature, percent woody vegetation typically predicted Redband Trout occurrence and density better than most field‐measured instream and riparian habitat variables in northern Nevada. Our study highlights how free high‐resolution imagery can be used to characterize woody riparian vegetation and Redband Trout habitat across a large and remote desert landscape that can be difficult to access for field surveys. It also suggests that imagery from the National Agricultural Imagery Program may have wider application in identifying stream habitat restoration opportunities, where land and water uses have negatively impacted woody riparian vegetation in desert regions of the interior western United States.
Modifiers of solid RNP granules control normal RNP dynamics and mRNA activity in early development
Authors: Hubstenberger Arnaud , Cameron Cristiana , Noble Scott L. , Keenan Sean , Evans Thomas C.
Published: November 2015

Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) often coassemble into supramolecular bodies with regulated dynamics. The factors controlling RNP bodies and connections to RNA regulation are unclear. During Caenorhabditis elegans oogenesis, cytoplasmic RNPs can transition among diffuse, liquid, and solid states linked to mRNA regulation. Loss of CGH-1/Ddx6 RNA helicase generates solid granules that are sensitive to mRNA regulators. Here, we identified 66 modifiers of RNP solids induced by cgh-1 mutation. A majority of genes promote or suppress normal RNP body assembly, dynamics, or metabolism. Surprisingly, polyadenylation factors promote RNP coassembly in vivo, suggesting new functions of poly(A) tail regulation in RNP dynamics. Many genes carry polyglutatmine (polyQ) motifs or modulate polyQ aggregation, indicating possible connections with neurodegenerative disorders induced by CAG/polyQ expansion. Several RNP body regulators repress translation of mRNA subsets, suggesting that mRNAs are repressed by multiple mechanisms. Collectively, these findings suggest new pathways of RNP modification that control large-scale coassembly and mRNA activity during development.
Membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase complex is required for the turnover of lysosomal membrane proteins
Authors: Li Ming , Koshi Tatsuhiro , Emr Scott D.
Published: November 2015

Cells must regulate the abundance and activity of numerous nutrient transporters in different organelle membranes to achieve nutrient homeostasis. As the recycling center and major storage organelle, lysosomes are essential for maintaining nutrient homeostasis. However, very little is known about mechanisms that govern the regulation of its membrane proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that changes of Zn2+ levels trigger the downregulation of vacuolar Zn2+ transporters. Low Zn2+ levels cause the degradation of the influx transporter Cot1, whereas high Zn2+ levels trigger the degradation of the efflux channel Zrt3. The degradation process depends on the vacuole membrane recycling and degradation pathway. Unexpectedly, we identified a RING domain–containing E3 ligase Tul1 and its interacting proteins in the Dsc complex that are important for the ubiquitination of Cot1 and partial ubiquitination of Zrt3. Our study demonstrated that the Dsc complex can function at the vacuole to regulate the composition and lifetime of vacuolar membrane proteins.
Ubiquitin ligase TRIM3 controls hippocampal plasticity and learning by regulating synaptic γ-actin levels
Authors: Schreiber Joerg , Végh Marlene J. , Dawitz Julia , Kroon Tim , Loos Maarten , Labonté Dorthe , Li Ka Wan , Van Nierop Pim , Van Diepen Michiel T. , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Kneussel Matthias , Meredith Rhiannon M. , Smit August B. , Van Kesteren Ronald E.
Published: November 2015

Synaptic plasticity requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Although two actin isoforms, β- and γ-actin, are expressed in dendritic spines, the specific contribution of γ-actin in the expression of synaptic plasticity is unknown. We show that synaptic γ-actin levels are regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM3. TRIM3 protein and Actg1 transcript are colocalized in messenger ribonucleoprotein granules responsible for the dendritic targeting of messenger RNAs. TRIM3 polyubiquitylates γ-actin, most likely cotranslationally at synaptic sites. Trim3−/− mice consequently have increased levels of γ-actin at hippocampal synapses, resulting in higher spine densities, increased long-term potentiation, and enhanced short-term contextual fear memory consolidation. Interestingly, hippocampal deletion of Actg1 caused an increase in long-term fear memory. Collectively, our findings suggest that temporal control of γ-actin levels by TRIM3 is required to regulate the timing of hippocampal plasticity. We propose a model in which TRIM3 regulates synaptic γ-actin turnover and actin filament stability and thus forms a transient inhibitory constraint on the expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
Shortening Tuberculosis Treatment With Fluoroquinolones: Lost in Translation?
Authors: Lanoix Jean-Philippe , Chaisson Richard E. , Nuermberger Eric L.
Published: November 2015

The disappointing recent failure of fluoroquinolone-containing regimens to shorten the duration of tuberculosis treatment in costly phase 3 trials has raised serious questions about the reliability of preclinical tuberculosis models, especially mice, and the current paradigm of regimen development. Therefore we re-examined data from murine models and early-stage clinical trials on which the pivotal trials were based, concluding that phase 3 trial results were in line with preceding studies. Finally, we offer suggestions for a more efficient and integrated preclinical and clinical regimen development program where quantitative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models more predictive of curative treatment durations are set forth.
CD3ε recruits Numb to promote TCR degradation
Authors: Martin-Blanco Nadia , Jiménez Teja Daniel , Bretones Gabriel , Borroto Aldo , Caraballo Michael , Screpanti Isabella , León Javier , Alarcón Balbino , Canelles Matilde
Published: November 2015

Modulation of TCR signaling upon ligand binding is achieved by changes in the equilibrium between TCR degradation, recycling and synthesis; surprisingly, the molecular mechanism of such an important process is not fully understood. Here, we describe the role of a new player in the mediation of TCR degradation: the endocytic adaptor Numb. Our data show that Numb inhibition leads to abnormal intracellular distribution and defective TCR degradation in mature T lymphocytes. In addition, we find that Numb simultaneously binds to both Cbl and a site within CD3ε that overlaps with the Nck binding site. As a result, Cbl couples specifically to the CD3ε chain to mediate TCR degradation. The present study unveils a novel role of Numb that lies at the heart of TCR signaling initiation and termination.