bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business strategy and innovative models in the fashion industry: Clothing leasing as a driver of sustainability
Authors: Barletta Micol , D'Adamo Idiano , Garza‐Reyes Jose Arturo , Gastaldi Massimo
Published: February 2024

The fashion industry is ranked as the second largest cause of environmental pollution. In this context, circular business models emerge as key tools to address the negative impacts of the textile industry. The aim of this work is to identify alternatives to the currently dominant model followed by fast fashion, through the proposal of a circular business model based on leasing. The methodology of the work, based on the take‐make‐waste model, is based on a multicriteria analysis with the local–global approach using academic experts and fashion and retail experts. The results show that the criteria of the access‐based model and best care are the most relevant. The highest sustainability value is assigned to leasing, which guarantees ethical conditions for workers, followed by the use of raw materials (recycled or bio‐based materials) and the reduction of overproduction. The implications of this work determine that leasing can support circular fashion and that the social component of sustainability should be given more attention in production models. Strategic partnerships and sharing platforms are tools that can support a real transition of the fashion industry towards sustainability.
Biotransformation of maize bran‐derived ferulic acid to vanillin using an adapted strain of Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116
Authors: Tupe Rasika V. , Singh Nitesh K. , Odaneth Annamma A.
Published: February 2024

Maize bran, an agro‐processing waste residue, is a good source of ferulic acid that can be further valorized for vanillin production. However, extraction of ferulic acid from natural sources has been challenging due to low concentrations and intensive extraction procedures. In the present work, ferulic acid streams (purities ranging from 5% to 75%) extracted from maize bran using thermochemical methods were evaluated for biotransformation to vanillin, employing Amycolatopsis sp. as a whole‐cell biocatalyst. Initial adaptation studies were critical in improving ferulic acid assimilation and its conversion to vanillin by 65% and 56%, respectively by the fourth adaptation cycle. The effect of cell's physiological states and vanillic acid supplementation on vanillin production was studied using standard ferulic acid as a substrate in an effort to achieve further improvement in vanillin yield. In the presence of vanillic acid, 18 h cultured cells using 2 g/L of standard and isolated ferulic acid produced vanillin concentrations of up to 0.71 and 0.48 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, intermediates involved in the ferulic acid catabolic pathway and their interrelations were studied using GC–MS analysis. Results indicated that two different routes were involved in the catabolism of standard ferulic acid, and similar metabolic routes were observed for an isolated ferulic acid stream. These findings effectively evaluated isolated ferulic acid for sustainable vanillin production while reducing agro‐industrial waste pollution.
Fed‐batch performance profiles for mAb production using different intensified N − 1 seed strategies are CHO cell‐line dependent
Authors: Tang Yawen , Xu Jianlin , Xu Mengmeng , Huang Zhuangrong , Santos Johanna , He Qin , Borys Michael , Khetan Anurag
Published: February 2024

Recent optimizations of cell culture processes have focused on the final seed scale‐up step (N − 1 stage) used to inoculate the production bioreactor (N‐stage bioreactor) to enable higher inoculation cell densities (2–20 × 106 cells/mL), which could shorten the production culture duration and/or increase the volumetric productivity. N − 1 seed process intensification can be achieved by either non‐perfusion (enriched‐batch or fed‐batch) or perfusion culture to reach those higher final N − 1 viable cell densities (VCD). In this study, we evaluated how different N − 1 intensification strategies, specifically enriched‐batch (EB) N − 1 versus perfusion N − 1, affect cell growth profiles and monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity in the final N‐stage production bioreactor operated in fed‐batch mode. Three representative Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines producing different mAbs were cultured using either EB or perfusion N − 1 seeds and found that the N‐stage cell growth and mAb productivities were comparable between EB N − 1 and perfusion N − 1 conditions for two of the cell lines but were very different for the third. In addition, within the two similar cell growth cell lines, differences in cell‐specific productivity were observed. This suggests that the impact of the N − 1 intensification process on production was cell‐line dependent. This study revealed that the N − 1 intensification strategy and the state of seeds from the different N − 1 conditions may affect the outcome of the N production stage, and thus, the choice of N − 1 intensification strategy could be a new target for future upstream optimization of mAb production.
Anti‐inflammatory, Antioxidative, and Moisturizing Effects of Oxyceros horridus Lour. Ethanol Extract in Human Keratinocytes via the p38 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sutopo Natasha Christabella , Rahmawati Laily , Huang Lei , Kry Masphal , Chhang Phourin , Lee Sarah , Lee Byoung‐Hee , Cho Jae Youl
Published: February 2024

Skin is the largest and outermost organ in the human body; it serves as a vital defense mechanism against various external threats. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain its health through protection against harmful substances and adequate moisture levels. This study investigates the anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties of Oxyceros horridus Lour. (Oh‐EE) in human keratinocytes. Oh‐EE demonstrates potent antioxidant activity and effectively protects against oxidative stress induced by external stimuli such as UVB radiation and H2O2. Additionally, it exhibits significant anti‐inflammatory effects proven by its ability to downregulate the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, namely COX‐2 and IL‐6. The study also explores the involvement of the AP‐1 pathway, highlighting the ability of Oh‐EE to suppress the expression of p38 and its upstream regulator, MKK3/6, under UVB‐induced conditions. Interestingly, Oh‐EE can activate the AP‐1 pathway in the absence of external triggers. Furthermore, Oh‐EE enhances skin moisture by upregulating the expression of key genes involved in skin hydration, namely HAS3 and FLG. These findings underscore the potential of Oh‐EE as a versatile ingredient in skincare formulations, providing a range of skin benefits. Further research is warranted to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms through which Oh‐EE exerts its effects.
Variability of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Profiles and Anticholinesterase Activities with Binding‐Mode Predictions of Glaucium flavum Population
Authors: Bozkurt Buket , Ulkar Duygu , Nurlu Necati , Coban Gunes , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Unver‐Somer Nehir
Published: February 2024

In this study, phytochemical and biological activity studies supported by docking were carried out on a species of the genus Glaucium, a repository of isoquinoline alkaloids. The GC‐MS (Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry) method is used to characterize the isoquinoline alkaloids of Glaucium flavum Crantz. (Papaveraceae). G. flavum was collected from seven different regions of Türkiye (Antalya, Urla‐Izmir, Mordogan‐Izmir, Mugla, Assos‐Canakkale, Karabiga‐Canakkale, Giresun) and totally 17 compounds were detected by GC‐MS. Glaucine was found to be the major constituent in the sample collected from Mugla, whereas isocorydine was recorded to be the principal alkaloid in other samples. Further fractionation studies on G. flavum collected from Antalya province in Southwestern Türkiye, yielded five major alkaloids (isocorydine 1, dihydrosanguinarine 2, glaucine 3, dehydroglaucine 4, protopine 5) which were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Anticholinesterase activities of the extracts and isolated alkaloids were also tested by in vitro Ellman method. The isolated compounds were also analyzed by a molecular docking technique to determine the binding orientations in the gorge of the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a homology model of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). This is the first comparative investigation of the phytochemical composition and biodiversity of Glaucium flavum species growing in Türkiye.
Transcatheter closure of a large coronary cameral fistula presenting as a calcified cystic right atrial mass
Authors: Sola Michael , Kay Joseph , Messenger John , Zablah Jenny , Soszyn Natalie , Morgan Gareth
Published: February 2024

A 51‐year‐old patient with progressive right heart dysfunction was found to have a large calcified right atrial mass on echocardiography. As part of the work up for an intracardiac mass he had a cardiac computed tomogram which detailed a large coronary cameral fistula from the circumflex coronary artery to the right atrium associated with a spherical calcific pseudo‐aneurysmal sac. Transcatheter occlusion of the exit point into the atrium with a vascular plug was performed directly from a right atrial approach without the need for an arteriovenous wire loop. This case details a unique presentation of a coronary cameral fistula to an unusual position within the right atrium which facilitated the rare ability to occlude the fistula from a venous approach without creating an arteriovenous wire rail.
para–Phenylenediamine Dimer as a Redox–Active Guest for Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Janovský Petr , Springer Andreas , Filip Jaroslav , Prucková Zdeňka , Nečas Marek , Rouchal Michal , Schalley Christoph A. , Vícha Robert
Published: February 2024

Redox–active components are highly valuable in the construction of molecular devices. We combined two p‐phenylenediamines (p‐PDA) with a biphenyl (BiPhe) unit to prepare a supramolecular guest 4 consisting of three binding sites for cucurbit[7/8]uril (CBn) and/or cyclodextrins (CD). Supramolecular properties of 4 were investigated using NMR, UV‐vis, mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry. Our analysis revealed that 4 forms higher–order host–guest complexes, wherein a CD unit occupies the central BiPhe site, secured by two CBn units at the terminal p‐PDA sites. Additionally, 1 : 1 complexes with α‐CD and β‐CD, a 1 : 2 complex with γ‐CD and 2 : 1 complexes with CB7 and CB8 were identified. Through UV‐vis and cyclic voltammetry, redox processes leading to the formation of a stable, deep blue dication diradical of 4 are elucidated. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that CB7 selectively protects oxidised 4 from reduction in the presence of a reducing agent. The supramolecular and redox properties of the structural motif represented by 4 render it an interesting candidate for the construction of supramolecular devices.
The structure of deposited coke on hydrocracking and reforming catalysts: Coke deactivation and kinetics
Authors: Shakor Zaidoon , Alasseel Ahmed , Al‐Shafei Emad
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive study investigates the structural deposition of coke, particularly its association with sulphides, in spent hydrocracking and reforming catalysts, leveraging advanced kinetic modelling and characterization techniques. Its objective is to elucidate coke removal kinetics, offering insights into optimizing catalyst regeneration. Utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, spectroscopic methods, and modelling, the research outlines the characteristics and kinetic behaviour of coke during regeneration. The novelty aspect of this study is the use of a reaction‐based model for accurate kinetic analysis and identifying optimal conditions for coke removal. The study recognized both hydrogen‐deficient and hydrogen‐rich amorphous coke, alongside graphitic coke spent catalysts. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that coke constitutes ~23.8% and 4.6% of the total weight in hydrocracking and reforming catalysts, respectively. The traditional model‐free method for deactivation was found inadequate in predicting coke in the spent reforming catalyst, likely due to the presence of low‐temperature hydrocarbons of soft coke within the catalyst pores. In contrast, a reaction model‐based deactivation approach yielded more consistent evaluations for soft and hard coke of spent catalyst. For the spent hydrocracking catalyst, the estimated activation energies for coke decomposition were 41.56 and 128.97 kJ/mol for soft and hard coke, respectively, during regeneration. Although the coke in the spent reforming catalyst displayed similar temperature trends for decomposition, the average activation energies were 52.61 and 128.62 kJ/mol for soft and hard coke, respectively. The theoretical results from the multi‐reaction model for coke decomposition are consistent with the experimental results for both catalysts.
Performance of Ni/Si‐MCM‐41 catalysts in CO2 methanation
Authors: Trevisan Sergio Vitor Cavalcanti , Oliveira Lígia Gomes , de Andrade Schaffner Rodolfo , Yamamoto Carlos Itsuo , Alves Helton José
Published: February 2024

The production of methane from the methanation reaction between H2 and CO2, also known as the Sabatier reaction, is one way to diversify the global energy matrix, providing a use for CO2. This work evaluates the performance in this reaction of Ni catalysts supported on type MCM‐41 silica, synthesized y a wet impregnation method. Catalytic tests were performed for 2.5 h under atmospheric pressure. The reaction variables considered were the catalyst nickel mass content (5% and 10%), temperature (T = 400 and 550°C), reactant ratio (H2/CO2 = 4 and 2.5), and space velocity (VHSV = 5 and 10 L g−1 h−1). The catalysts were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses before the reactions, and by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), SEM, and EDS analyses after the reactions. The reaction variables were evaluated using an experimental design with 2 factors and 4 variables, in order to determine the effects of the reaction conditions on catalyst selectivity, reactant conversion, and reaction yields in terms of CH4 and CO. The best result was obtained using a reactant ratio of 2.5, space velocity of 5 L g−1 h−1, and reaction temperature of 550°C, resulting in 93.7% selectivity for methane, 69.4% CO2 conversion, 74% H2 conversion, and methane yield of 20.69%. Findings show Ni/Si‐MCM‐41 catalyst's applicability in methanation, advancing CH4 production technology, and addressing local demand while reducing CO2 emissions.
Asia‐Inclusive Global Development of Enpatoran: Results of an Ethno‐Bridging Study, Intrinsic/Extrinsic Factor Assessments and Disease Trajectory Modeling to Inform Design of a Phase II Multiregional Clinical Trial
Authors: Klopp‐Schulze Lena , Gopalakrishnan Sathej , Yalkinoglu Özkan , Kuroki Yoshihiro , Lu Hong , Goteti Kosalaram , Krebs‐Brown Axel , Nogueira Filho Marco , Gradhand Ulrike , Fluck Markus , Shaw Jamie , Dong Jennifer , Venkatakrishnan Karthik
Published: February 2024

Enpatoran is a novel, highly selective, and potent dual toll‐like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR8 inhibitor currently under development for the treatment of autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), and myositis. The ongoing phase II study (WILLOW; NCT05162586) is evaluating enpatoran for 24 weeks in patients with active SLE or CLE and is currently recruiting. To support development of WILLOW as an Asia‐inclusive multiregional clinical trial (MRCT) according to International Conference on Harmonisation E5 and E17 principles, we have evaluated ethnic sensitivity to enpatoran based on clinical pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and safety data from an ethno‐bridging study (NCT04880213), supplemented by relevant quantitative PK, PD, and disease trajectory modeling (DTM) results, and drug metabolism/disease knowledge. A single‐center, open‐label, sequential dose group study in White and Japanese subjects matched by body weight, height, and sex demonstrated comparable PK and PD properties for enpatoran in Asian vs. non‐Asian (White and other) subjects across single 100, 200, and 300 mg orally administered doses. DTM suggested no significant differences in SLE disease trajectory for Asian vs. non‐Asian individuals. Aldehyde oxidase (AOX) is considered to be a key contributor to enpatoran metabolism, and a literature review indicated no relevant ethnic differences in AOX function based on in vitro and clinical PK data from marketed drugs metabolized by AOX, supporting the conclusion of low ethnic sensitivity for enpatoran. Taken together, the inclusion of Asian patients in MRCTs including WILLOW was informed based on a Totality of Evidence approach.
Energy transition: Assessing oil companies' compliance with their disclosed environmental strategic positioning
Authors: Berrêdo Paula Danyelle , dos Santos Odilanei Morais , Abdo Hafez , da Silva Macedo Marcelo Álvaro , Losekann Luciano Dias
Published: February 2024

Based on the greenwashing approach in line with legitimacy theory, we examine first whether the strategic positioning of key oil companies is addressed by their disclosed commitments in their corporate reports and, second, whether the disclosures made by oil companies in relation to energy transition reflect their behavior. We use an ordinal logistic regression model in a sample of 38 oil companies, our findings suggest that the lower the investment in oil and gas exploration and production, and the smaller the variation in the volume of hydrocarbon reserves, the more likely a company narrates a strong commitment to the energy transition. Also, we consider that investments in fossil fuels need to be reduced significantly to accelerate the transition to cleaner and sustainable energy sources, and it is vital to observe the alignment of disclosed commitments by companies to the transition and their behavior, avoiding the accusation of greenwashing practices.
Improving rate wireless sensor network with collaborative energy among nodes with fusion center and multiple antennas sensors using game theory and energy harvesting
Authors: Choubin Morteza , Choobin Mohammadreza
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates optimizing the collaborative energy power consumption between nodes with energy harvesting (EH) capability at the fusion center (FC) and multi‐antenna sensors using game theory. Using multi‐antennas at FC on sensor networks (SNs), we can benefit from the spatial diversity in receiving the data and using multi‐antenna sensors and energy to transfer the data and optimize the SN, respectively. Also, in this paper, the data transmission in the network is formulated by considering the limitations of storage resources of each sensor, minimum data receiving, minimum EH, and maximum collaboration among sensors. In this paper, some modes are suggested to minimize the collaborative energy among sensors for transmitting the data and energy among sensors in the collaboration of sensors to optimize the power control and allocation power policy. Suggestions have been studied based on the number of antennae to transmit, using the cooperative games in sharing the data and the energy and auction game in transmitting to FC. The simulation results of the proposed problem using MATLAB software show optimization in participation function, EH, allocation in cooperation time, and transferring to FC to improve the detection of the transmitted data based on the increasing number of antennas in FC.
Associations of social and cognitive‐behavioral variables with disinhibited eating and anxiety: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Gutierrez‐Colina Ana M. , Aichele Stephen , Lavender Jason M. , Sanchez Natalia , Thorstad Isabel , Gulley Lauren D. , Emerick Jill E. , Schrag Ruby , Thomas Victoria , Spinner Holly , Arnold Thomas , Heroy Andrew , Haigney Mark C. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Shomaker Lauren B.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Among adolescents, disinhibited eating and anxiety commonly co‐occur. Precision intervention approaches targeting unique mechanistic vulnerabilities that contribute to disinhibited eating and anxiety may therefore be helpful. However, the effectiveness of such interventions hinges on knowledge of between‐ and within‐person associations related to disinhibited eating, anxiety, and related processes.

Method

A sample of 39 adolescent females (12–17 years) with elevated anxiety and above‐average weight (BMI %ile ≥ 75th) completed measures of theoretically driven social and cognitive‐behavioral variables, disinhibited eating, and anxiety via ecological momentary assessment over 7 days. Data were analyzed using mixed‐effects models.

Results

Between‐person differences in social stressors were linked to emotional eating, eating in the absence of hunger, and anxiety, whereas between‐person differences in negative thoughts were associated with all disinhibited eating variables and anxiety. Between‐person differences in avoidance were not related to any outcome. Additionally, between‐person differences in social stressors and negative thoughts—as well as within‐person deviations (from person‐average levels) of social stressors, negative thoughts, and avoidance—were associated with anxiety. In turn, between‐person differences in anxiety predicted eating in the absence of hunger and emotional eating, and within‐person deviations in anxiety were associated with emotional eating at any given time point.

Discussion

Findings support elements of both the interpersonal and cognitive‐behavioral models of disinhibited eating. Differential trigger effects on anxiety, both at the between‐ and within‐person levels, and significant associations between anxiety and all eating‐related outcomes, highlight the potential utility of interventions targeting individual differences in sensitivity to anxiety triggers.

Public Significance

Findings provide support for the interpersonal and cognitive‐behavioral models of disinhibited eating, highlighting anxiety as a salient vulnerability and potential mechanistic factor underlying disinhibited eating. Social, cognitive, and behavioral variables were differentially related to anxiety across participants, suggesting potential for future intervention tailoring and intervention selection based on adolescents' sensitivity to anxiety as a trigger for disinhibited eating behavior.
Comparison of traditional and molecular surveys of fish biodiversity in southern Te Wāhipounamu/Fiordland (Aotearoa/New Zealand)
Authors: Czechowski Paul , de Lange Michel , Heldsinger Michael , Kardailsky Anya , Rayment Will , Hepburn Christopher , Ladds Monique , Knapp Michael
Published: February 2024

Effective management of biodiversity requires regular surveillance of multiple species. Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) by metabarcoding holds promise to achieve this relatively easily. However, taxonomy‐focused eDNA surveys need suitable molecular reference data, which are often lacking, particularly at the species level and for remote locations. To evaluate the comparability of environmental DNA surveys and traditional surveys in a real‐life case study in a marine area of high conservation value, we conducted a biodiversity survey of the fish in remote and pristine Te Wāhipounamu/Fiordland (Aotearoa/New Zealand), incorporating multiple data sources. We compared eDNA‐derived species identifications against Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) data collected at the same time and locations as eDNA. We also cross‐referenced both eDNA and BRUV data against literature and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS), with literature and OBIS data representing a summary of multiple traditional surveying approaches. In total, we found 116 fish species in our study area. Environmental DNA detected 43 species; however, only three of those species overlap with species known from the literature, OBIS, or our BRUV analyses. A total of 61 fish species were known from the region from the literature, while OBIS listed 28 species, and our BRUV analyses picked up 26 species. BRUV data coincided more strongly than eDNA data with literature and OBIS data. Twenty of the 26 species detected by BRUV were known from literature and OBIS. We argue that limitated DNA reference databases are the main cause of this discrepancy, and our results indicate that eDNA of rare and endangered species can be detected if matching reference data were available. Environmental DNA analyses can only identify species present among reference data and with relaxed taxonomic assignment parameters may converge on relatives of detected species if the actually existing species themselves are missing among reference data. However, the high number of species detected by our eDNA analyses confirms that eDNA could be a powerful tool for biodiversity surveys if suitable investments in local reference databases were made.
Reactivity of Electrophilic Trifluoromethylating Reagents
Authors: Timofeeva Daria S. , Puente Ángel , Ofial Armin R. , Mayr Herbert
Published: February 2024

Kinetics of the reactions of colored carbanions (reference nucleophiles) with S‐(trifluoromethyl)dibenzothiophenium ions (Umemoto's reagents) and hypervalent trifluoromethyl‐substituted iodine compounds (Togni's reagents) have been determined photometrically using stopped‐flow techniques. The second‐order rate constants k2(20 °C) for the reactions of Umemoto's sulfonium ions (generation I and II) with the reference nucleophiles in DMSO follow the correlation lg k2(20 °C)=sN(N+E) and can be used to determine the electrophilicity parameters E of these trifluoromethylating reagents. It is shown that the conditions reported for the reactions of Umemoto's generation I reagents with a variety of C‐nucleophiles are in line with the electrophilicity parameter E≈−13 determined for these reagents. Though Togni's hypervalent iodine‐based trifluoromethylation reagents do not follow this linear free energy relationship, the kinetics of their reactions with carbanions indicate that they cover the same reactivity range as Umemoto's generation I and II reagents.
Up in the air: Presence and collection of DNA from air and air conditioner units
Authors: Goray Mariya , Taylor Duncan , Bibbo Emily , Patel Dhruvi , Fantinato Chiara , Fonneløp Ane Elida , Gill Peter , van Oorschot Roland A. H.
Published: February 2024

Biological material is routinely collected at crime scenes and from exhibits and is a key type of evidence during criminal investigations. Touch or trace DNA samples from surfaces and objects deemed to have been contacted are frequently collected. However, a person of interest may not leave any traces on contacted surfaces, for example, if wearing gloves. A novel means of sampling human DNA from air offers additional avenues for DNA collection. In the present study, we report on the results of a pilot study into the prevalence and persistence of human DNA in the air. The first aspect of the pilot study investigates air conditioner units that circulate air around a room, by sampling units located in four offices and four houses at different time frames post‐cleaning. The second aspect investigates the ability to collect human DNA from the air in rooms, with and without people, for different periods of time and with different types of collection filters. Results of this pilot study show that human DNA can be collected on air conditioner unit surfaces and from the air, with air samples representing the more recent occupation while air conditioner units showing historic use of the room.
A review of Li‐ion battery temperature control and a key future perspective on cutting‐edge cooling methods for electrical vehicle applications
Authors: Wankhede Sagar , More Kiran , Kamble Laxman
Published: February 2024

Covid‐19 has given us a new way to look at our globe with regards to minimise air and noise pollution and thereby upgrading global environmental conditions. This positive pandemic outcome indicates that green energy is the future of energy, and one new origin of green energy is lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Electric vehicles are constructed with LIBs, but they have a number of disadvantages, including poor thermal performance, thermal runaway, fire dangers and a higher discharge rate in low‐ and high‐temperature conditions. The underlying fault of LIBs is their temperature reactivity. Extreme temperatures and challenging working circumstances can cause lithium‐ion cells to malfunction and cause the battery pack (BP) to overheat. For optimal performance in vehicles and long‐term LIB durability, LIBs must be thermally managed within their operating temperature span. This paper presents an overview of several cooling strategies used to maintain the internal BP temperature. This paper discusses cooling techniques using air, liquid and phase change material (PCM), heat pipe. Additionally, various BP configurations and heat generation techniques are explored. This research also discusses the usage of nanomaterials to address the BP's heat‐related problems. This study emphasises the use of nanomaterial to boost the heat conductivity of coolant in order to raise the batteries temperature into their ideal working range (PCM as well as liquid cooling). This article also provides some of the research gaps that have been found and the crucial areas on which attention should be directed in order to build the best lithium‐ion battery thermal management system technology.
Electric truck gravity energy storage: An alternative to seasonal energy storage
Authors: Hunt Julian David , Jurasz Jakub , Zakeri Behnam , Tong Wenxuan , Nascimento Andreas , Guo Fei , Đurin Bojan , Dąbek Paweł , Wada Yoshihide , van Ruijven Bas , Riahi Keywan
Published: February 2024

The global shift toward a sustainable and eco‐friendly energy landscape necessitates the adoption of long‐term, high‐capacity energy storage solutions. This research introduces an inventive energy storage concept involving the movement of granular materials from a lower elevation to a higher point within natural terrains such as mountains or excavated mining sites. Electrical energy is employed to charge electric batteries that elevate the granular material, thereby storing potential energy. Subsequently, this material is transported down during the electricity generation phase, and the regenerative braking mechanism converts the gravitational energy to replenish the vehicle's battery. The stored energy within these vehicles is then dispatched during peak demand periods or utilized by the vehicles for other freight transportation purposes. Our findings demonstrate a power cost of 1200 USD/kW, an energy storage expense spanning from 1 to 10 USD/kWh, a levelized cost of storage ranging from 35 to 200 USD/MWh, and a global annual potential of approximately 5.4 PWh. Electric vehicle gravity energy storage showcases its capability to bolster sustainable development by offering seasonal and multi‐year energy storage services.
Control of three‐level bidirectional buck‐boost converter for battery energy storage system in bi‐polar DC microgrid
Authors: Dodda Satish R. , Sandepudi Srinivasa R.
Published: February 2024

This paper deals with the model predictive current control of a three‐level bidirectional buck‐boost converter for a battery energy storage system in a bi‐polar direct current (DC) microgrid. It comprises a solar photovoltaic system, a wind energy system, a battery and DC loads. The proposed control scheme provides voltage balance and voltage regulation at the bi‐polar DC link during dynamic operating conditions, such as variations in solar irradiance, wind velocity and load. Predictive current control utilises the converter's discrete behaviour to identify the suitable switching states that minimise the cost function. Furthermore, bidirectional power flow capabilities allow the connection of energy storage devices, such as batteries and ultra‐capacitors, to the bi‐polar DC microgrid. The proposed system is verified through simulations and validated on a lab‐scale prototype. The results have been found satisfactory with respect to steady‐state error, peak overshoot, and settling time.
Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity in Terrestrial Raptors: Tools to Estimate the Impact on Populations in North America and Globally
Authors: Elliott John E. , Silverthorn Veronica , English Simon G. , Mineau Pierre , Hindmarch Sofi , Thomas Philippe J. , Lee Sandi , Bowes Victoria , Redford Tony , Maisonneuve France , Okoniewski Joseph
Published: February 2024

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) have caused widespread contamination and poisoning of predators and scavengers. The diagnosis of toxicity proceeds from evidence of hemorrhage, and subsequent detection of residues in liver. Many factors confound the assessment of AR poisoning, particularly exposure dose, timing and frequency of exposure, and individual and taxon-specific variables. There is a need, therefore, for better AR toxicity criteria. To respond, we compiled a database of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) residues in liver and postmortem evaluations of 951 terrestrial raptor carcasses from Canada and the United States, 1989 to 2021. We developed mixed-effects logistic regression models to produce specific probability curves of the toxicity of ∑SGARs at the taxonomic level of the family, and separately for three SGARs registered in North America, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, and difethialone. The ∑SGAR threshold concentrations for diagnosis of coagulopathy at 0.20 probability of risk were highest for strigid owls (15 ng g−1) lower and relatively similar for accipitrid hawks and eagles (8.2 ng g−1) and falcons (7.9 ng g−1), and much lower for tytonid barn owls (0.32 ng g−1). These values are lower than those we found previously, due to compilation and use of a larger database with a mix of species and source locations, and also to refinements in the statistical methods. Our presentation of results on the family taxonomic level should aid in the global applicability of the numbers. We also collated a subset of 440 single-compound exposure events and determined the probability of SGAR-poisoning symptoms as a function of SGAR concentration, which we then used to estimate relative SGAR toxicity and toxic equivalence factors: difethialone, 1, brodifacoum, 0.8, and bromadiolone, 0.5. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:988–998. © 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Post‐COVID inflation dynamics: Higher for longer
Authors: Verbrugge Randal , Zaman Saeed
Published: February 2024

We implement a novel nonlinear structural model featuring an empirically successful frequency‐dependent and asymmetric Phillips curve; unemployment frequency components interact with three components of core personal consumption expenditures (PCE)—core goods, housing, and core services ex‐housing—and a variable capturing supply shocks. Forecast tests verify accuracy in its unemployment–inflation trade‐offs, crucial for monetary policy. Using this model, we assess the plausibility of the December 2022 Summary of Economic Projections (SEP). By 2025Q4, the SEP projects 2.1% inflation; however, conditional on the SEP unemployment path, we project 2.9%. A fairly deep recession delivers the SEP inflation path, but a simple welfare analysis rejects this outcome.
Airway protection and outcomes after staged versus concurrent bilateral neck dissections with transoral base of tongue cancer resection
Authors: Lee Jake J. , Rapoport Nicholas A. , Pipkorn Patrik , Puram Sidharth V. , Jackson Ryan S.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To assess airway, safety, and resource utilization outcomes between transoral base of tongue (BOT) surgery with staged versus concurrent bilateral neck dissections (BND).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related BOT cancer who underwent transoral surgery and BND from January 2015 through June 2022 was conducted. Free flap patients were excluded.

Results

Of 126 patients (46 [37%] staged and 80 [63%] concurrent BND), there were no significant differences in rates of postoperative intubation, tracheostomy, intensive care admission, operative takebacks, gastrostomy, and 30‐day readmission. Total operative time (median difference 1.4 [95% CI 0.9–1.8] hours), length of stay (1.0 [1.0–1.0] day), and time between primary surgery and adjuvant therapy initiation (4.0 [0.0–8.0] days) were lower in the concurrent BND cohort.

Conclusion

Concurrent BND alongside transoral BOT resection is safe with similar airway outcomes and lower total operative time, length of stay, and time to adjuvant therapy initiation compared to staged BND.
Comparison of histological delineations of medial temporal lobe cortices by four independent neuroanatomy laboratories
Authors: Wuestefeld Anika , Baumeister Hannah , Adams Jenna N. , de Flores Robin , Hodgetts Carl J. , Mazloum‐Farzaghi Negar , Olsen Rosanna K. , Puliyadi Vyash , Tran Tammy T. , Bakker Arnold , Canada Kelsey L. , Dalton Marshall A. , Daugherty Ana M. , La Joie Renaud , Wang Lei , Bedard Madigan L. , Buendia Esther , Chung Eunice , Denning Amanda , del Mar Arroyo‐Jiménez María , Artacho‐Pérula Emilio , Irwin David J. , Ittyerah Ranjit , Lee Edward B. , Lim Sydney , del Pilar Marcos‐Rabal María , Iñiguez de Onzoño Martin Maria Mercedes , Lopez Monica Munoz , de la Rosa Prieto Carlos , Schuck Theresa , Trotman Winifred , Vela Alicia , Yushkevich Paul , Amunts Katrin , Augustinack Jean C. , Ding Song‐Lin , Insausti Ricardo , Kedo Olga , Berron David , Wisse Laura E. M.
Published: February 2024

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortex, located adjacent to the hippocampus, is crucial for memory and prone to the accumulation of certain neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tau tangles. The MTL cortex is composed of several subregions which differ in their functional and cytoarchitectonic features. As neuroanatomical schools rely on different cytoarchitectonic definitions of these subregions, it is unclear to what extent their delineations of MTL cortex subregions overlap. Here, we provide an overview of cytoarchitectonic definitions of the entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices as well as Brodmann areas (BA) 35 and 36, as provided by four neuroanatomists from different laboratories, aiming to identify the rationale for overlapping and diverging delineations. Nissl‐stained series were acquired from the temporal lobes of three human specimens (two right and one left hemisphere). Slices (50 μm thick) were prepared perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus spanning the entire longitudinal extent of the MTL cortex. Four neuroanatomists annotated MTL cortex subregions on digitized slices spaced 5 mm apart (pixel size 0.4 μm at 20× magnification). Parcellations, terminology, and border placement were compared among neuroanatomists. Cytoarchitectonic features of each subregion are described in detail. Qualitative analysis of the annotations showed higher agreement in the definitions of the entorhinal cortex and BA35, while the definitions of BA36 and the parahippocampal cortex exhibited less overlap among neuroanatomists. The degree of overlap of cytoarchitectonic definitions was partially reflected in the neuroanatomists' agreement on the respective delineations. Lower agreement in annotations was observed in transitional zones between structures where seminal cytoarchitectonic features are expressed less saliently. The results highlight that definitions and parcellations of the MTL cortex differ among neuroanatomical schools and thereby increase understanding of why these differences may arise. This work sets a crucial foundation to further advance anatomically‐informed neuroimaging research on the human MTL cortex.
Venetoclax plus daunorubicin and cytarabine in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhang Yi , Chang Jie , Wang Huafeng , Lou Yinjun , Yang Min , Xu Gaixiang , Tong Hongyan , Xie Wanzhuo , Zhou De , Wei Juying , Mai Wenyuan , Ye Xiujin , Meng Haitao , Jin Jie , Zhu Hong‐Hu
Published: February 2024

Venetoclax plus 3 + 7 daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy (DAV) has shown safety and efficacy in eligible patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, there are no direct comparisons between DAV and 3 + 7 daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy (DA) alone. We performed a propensity score‐matched analysis to compare the outcomes of DAV group with historical DA group and identify the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients who might benefit from the DAV regimen. The DAV group had a higher Complete remission (CR) rate than the DA group (90% vs. 55%, p = 0.008). 25 (96%) patients in the DAV group had a higher MRD‐negative CRc rate compared with 13 (62%) patients in the DA group (p = 0.006). After a median follow‐up duration of 19.15 (IQR 17.13–21.67) months, the DAV group had an improved overall survival (p = 0.001) and event‐free survival (p = 0.069), but not disease‐free survival (p = 0.136). Collectively, DAV regimen induced high CR rates and deep MRD‐negative CRc rates after one cycle of induction therapy, as well as prolonged the overall survival, in young adult patients with AML who were eligible for intensive chemotherapy. The addition of venetoclax to intensive chemotherapy should be considered in the future to achieve better survival advantages in eligible AML patients.
The moderating role of social capital for late‐career management intervention effects on older employees' work engagement
Authors: Jokisaari Markku , Ruokolainen Mervi , Vuori Jukka
Published: February 2024

Despite increasing interest in supporting older workers' motivation, retention, and well‐being at work, knowledge about how social networks at work may affect the efficacy of training interventions among older employees is scarce. These social ties are an important source of resources for older workers' careers. This study examined the characteristics of older workers' personal social networks as boundary conditions for the effects of late‐career management intervention on work engagement. Data were used from an earlier randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which senior employees (mean age of 58 years) participated in a peer group‐based training intervention and were asked to complete follow‐up surveys at baseline, post‐intervention, and after 6 months (Vuori et al., 2019, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115: 103327). The results showed that older workers' social ties at higher organizational levels (upper reachability) and the number of social ties at work moderated the effect of the intervention on work engagement. Specifically, the intervention aimed at enhancing employees' personal resources improved work engagement for senior employees with few or no social ties at work with whom they could discuss important matters, and for those with social ties at higher organizational levels. However, the relationship quality between older workers and their leaders showed no moderation effect. This study encourages human resources professionals to consider the social network characteristics and peer learning of older workers when providing training to enhance their work engagement.
Using college readers' eye movements to discuss textbook reading strategies
Authors: Paulson Eric J. , Holschuh Jodi Patrick , Lampi Jodi P.
Published: February 2024

In order to better understand whether and how college students use certain textbook reading strategies, this project employed several important methods in concert, including a textbook reading strategy inventory that focused on frequency of strategy use, eye‐movement recordings of participants reading college textbook excerpts, and think‐aloud sessions in which participants viewed their own eye‐movement recordings and used them as a stimulus to engage in a structured retrospective think‐aloud about their own reading approach and strategies. Salient findings include participants' emerging articulations about the observable reading strategies they identified themselves implementing, discrepancies in their assumptions about their reading strategies and what they actually employed, and the sometimes surprising (to the participant) strategies they used to navigate these textbook excerpts.
Social and emotional well‐being and economic insecurity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders: A multidimensional approach
Authors: Kumar Sanjesh , Ray Ranjan
Published: February 2024

This study examines the relative deprivation in the mental health, henceforth referred to as ‘social and emotional well‐being (SEWB)’, of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in relation to non‐Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The study uses the multidimensional deprivation methodology to quantify the deprivation in SEWB. The results show wide variation in the relative deprivation of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people between the dimensions of SEWB. This study finds robust evidence that the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience lower SEWB and higher economic insecurity than the rest and the gap refuses to narrow over time.
Genotype, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and type‐specific cervical intraepithelial neoplasia distributions in hrHPV+ cases referred to colposcopy: A multicenter study of Chinese mainland women
Authors: Chen Mingyang , Ye Zichen , Wang Huike , Cui Xiaoli , Seery Samuel , Wu Aiyuan , Xue Peng , Qiao Youlin
Published: February 2024

To investigate age and type‐specific prevalences of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in hrHPV+ women referred to colposcopy. This is a retrospective, multicenter study. Participants were women referred to one of seven colposcopy clinics in China after testing positive for hrHPV. Patient characteristics, hrHPV genotyping, colposcopic impressions, and histological diagnoses were abstracted from electronic records. Main outcomes were age‐related type‐specific prevalences associated with hrHPV and CIN, and colposcopic accuracy. Among 4419 hrHPV+ women referred to colposcopy, HPV 16, 52, and 58 were the most common genotypes. HPV 16 prevalence was 39.96%, decreasing from 42.57% in the youngest group to 30.81% in the eldest group. CIN3+ prevalence was 15.00% and increased with age. As lesion severity increases, HPV16 prevalence increased while the prevalence of HPV 52 and 58 decreased. No age‐based trend was identified with HPV16 prevalence among CIN2+, and HPV16‐related CIN2+ was less common in women aged 60 and above (44.26%) compared to those younger than 60 years (59.61%). Colposcopy was 0.73 sensitive at detecting CIN2+ (95% confidence interval[CI]: 0.71, 0.75), with higher sensitivity (0.77) observed in HPV16+ women (95% CI: 0.74, 0.80) compared to HPV16− women (0.68, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.71). Distributions of hrHPV genotypes, CIN, and type‐specific CIN in Chinese mainland hrHPV+ women referred to colposcopy were investigated for the first time. Distributions were found to be age‐dependent and colposcopic performance appears related to HPV genotypes. These findings could be used to improve the management of women referred to colposcopy.