bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood exposures to environmental chemicals and neurodevelopmental outcomes in congenital heart disease
Authors: Gaynor J. William , Burnham Nancy B. , Ittenbach Richard F. , Gerdes Marsha , Bernbaum Judy C. , Zackai Elaine , Licht Daniel J. , Russell William W. , Zullo Erin E. , Miller Thomas , Hakonarson Hakon , Clarke Kayan A. , Jarvik Gail P. , Calafat Antonia M. , Bradman Asa , Bellinger David C. , Henretig Frederick M. , Coker Eric S.
Published: November 2022

Background

Children with congenital heart defects have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disability. The impact of environmental chemical exposures during daily life on neurodevelopmental outcomes in toddlers with congenital heart defects is unknown.

Methods

This prospective study investigated the impacts of early childhood exposure to mixtures of environmental chemicals on neurodevelopmental outcomes after cardiac surgery. Outcomes were assessed at 18 months of age using The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III. Urinary concentrations of exposure biomarkers of pesticides, phenols, parabens, and phthalates, and blood levels of lead, mercury, and nicotine were measured at the same time point. Bayesian profile regression and weighted quantile sum regression were utilized to assess associations between mixtures of biomarkers and neurodevelopmental scores.

Results

One-hundred and forty infants were enrolled, and 110 (79%) returned at 18 months of age. Six biomarker exposure clusters were identified from the Bayesian profile regression analysis; and the pattern was driven by 15 of the 30 biomarkers, most notably 13 phthalate biomarkers. Children in the highest exposure cluster had significantly lower adjusted language scores by -9.41 points (95%CI: -17.2, -1.7) and adjusted motor scores by -4.9 points (-9.5, -0.4) compared to the lowest exposure. Weighted quantile sum regression modeling for the overall exposure-response relationship showed a significantly lower adjusted motor score (β = -2.8 points [2.5thand 97.5thpercentile: -6.0, -0.6]). The weighted quantile sum regression index weights for several phthalates, one paraben, and one phenol suggest their relevance for poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Conclusions

Like other children, infants with congenital heart defects are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals in daily life. Higher exposure biomarker concentrations were associated with significantly worse performance for language and motor skills in this population.
Effects of exercise-based home pulmonary rehabilitation on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An overview of systematic review
Authors: Zheng Jiang , Zhang Zhi , Han Ruijuan , Zhang Hongxia , Deng Jie , Chai Meimei
Published: November 2022

Background

Clinical research on exercise-based home pulmonary rehabilitation (HPR) effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment is rising, as are associated systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SRs/MAs). However, different SRs/MAs vary in outcome indicators, analysis methodologies, literature quality, and findings. This overview aimed to describe the findings of these SRs/MAs and assess their methodological quality.

Methods

From inception until April 2022, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang. Two researchers searched these SRs/MAs separately, collected the data, and cross-checked it using predetermined rules. The Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of each contained SR/MA. The evidence was assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 (PRISMA-2009). The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to determine the validity of the results.

Results

A total of 433 records were found, with 44 chosen for full-text review. There were 11 SRs/MAs that matched the inclusion criteria. Our overview included studies published from 2010 to 2022. According to the AMSTAR 2 tool, one had low methodological quality, while the other 10 SRs/MAs had very low quality. The PRISMA statement revealed a low rate of complete reporting for eight items. The GRADE tool, on the other hand, revealed that the evidence quality for most outcomes was very low to moderate.

Conclusion

According to current research, exercise-based HPR may benefit COPD patients. Nevertheless, this finding is restricted by the low quality of the included SRs/MAs. And more high-quality and large-sample studies are needed in the future.

Prospero

ID: CRD42022322768. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails
New insights into the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth: A global perspective
Authors: Azimi Mohammad Naim
Published: November 2022

Financial inclusion is critical to inclusive growth, proffering policy solutions to eradicate the barriers that exclude individuals from financial markets. This study explores the effects of financial inclusion on economic growth in a global perspective with a large number of panels classified by income and regional levels from 2002–2020. The analysis begins with the development of a comprehensive composite financial inclusion index comprised of penetration, availability, and usage of financial services and the estimation of heterogeneous panel data models augmented with well-known variables. The results obtained from the panel cointegration test support a long-run relationship between economic growth, financial inclusion, and the control variables in the full panel, income-level, and regional-level economies. Furthermore, the study employs a GMM (generalized method of moment) approach using System-GMM estimators to examine the effects of financial inclusion and the control predictors on economic growth. The results of the GMM model clearly indicate that financial inclusion has a significantly positive impact on economic growth across all panels, implying that financial inclusion is an effective tool in fostering rapid economic growth in the world. Finally, the study delves into the causality relationship between the predictors and provides statistical evidence of bidirectional causality between economic growth and financial inclusion, whereas it only supports unidirectional causality relationships from credit to the private sector, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, the rule of law, school enrollment ratio, and trade openness with no feedback causality. Moreover, the study fails to provide causality evidence from the age dependency ratio and population to economic growth.
Computer-assisted image analysis of agonist-mediated microvascular constriction response in mouse cremaster muscle
Authors: Corro-Hernández Ricardo , Aguila-Torres Oscar , Rios Amelia , Escalante Bruno , Santana-Solano Jesús
Published: November 2022

In this work, we implemented an automated method using a correlation coefficient to select a time interval with a minimum movement or rest interval, together with analysis of variance for measurement of blood vessel diameter in the cremaster muscle. Video images binarization using analysis of variance resulted in an enhanced and a clearly defined vessel wall. Histamine (1 mM) induced a marked reduction in vascular diameter (vasoconstriction) in the cremaster muscle from mice fed with standard (SD) and high fat diet (HFD). However, the effect of histamine was reduced in HFD mice compared to SD mice. Thus, the change in vascular diameter was 87.14% ± 7.44% and 52.63% ± 16.27% in SD and HFD mice, respectively. In conclusion, determination of a rest interval with minimal movement and the use of analysis of variance resulted useful to evaluate vascular diameter in small arteries. We suggest this method to streamline experiments facilitating cardiovascular research.
Incidence of extubation failure and its predictors among adult patients in intensive care unit of low-resource setting: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kifle Natnael , Zewdu Dereje , Abebe Bisrat , Tantu Temesgen , Wondwosen Mekete , Hailu Yirgalem , Bekele Girma , Woldetensay Meron
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous studies have found an association between various predictors and extubation failure (EF) in intensive care units (ICUs). However, this problem remains unexplored in low-resource settings, where predicting the extubation outcomes are more challenging. This study investigates the incidence of EF and its predictors among patients who received mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods

This is a prospective observational study of 123 patients’ ≥ 18 years of age receiving MV for ≥ 48 hours and tolerated spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) in the ICU of a low-resource setting. We collected data on the baseline characteristics and clinical profiles before and after SBTs. Patients were categorized into extubation failure (EF) and extubation success (ES) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors for EF. A p-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results

We included 123 patients, and 42 (34.15%) had developed EF. The identified predictors for EF: Moderate to copious secretions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.483 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–11.4]), age > 60 years of age ([AOR]: 4.157 [95% CI 1.38–12.48]), and prolonged duration of MV ≥ 10 days ([AOR]: 4.77 [95% CI 1.55–14.66]).

Conclusion

Moderate to copious secretions, patients > 60 years of age, and prolonged duration of MV ≥ 10 days were the best predictors of EF. Based on our findings, we recommend that the identified predictors could help in the decision-making process of extubation from MV.
O interior da pedra em personagens de Levantado do Chão
Authors: Nogueira Carlos
Published: November 2022

Levantado do chão pertence ao ciclo da descrição da “estátua”, não ao da “pedra”, segundo a linguagem usada por José Saramago, que dividiu a sua obra em duas grandes fases. Sem discordar, no essencial, desta tese, útil para a compreensão da escrita do autor na sua globalidade, procuro demonstrar como no romance publicado em 1980 não faltam momentos de comunicação partilhada entre a estátua e a pedra, entre as realidades exteriores, coletivas e históricas, e as realidades mais interiores e pessoais. Para isso, analiso a (con)figuração ficcional de personagens como Domingos Mau-Tempo, João Mau-Tempo e José Calmedo, cujas propriedades ético-morais são a irradiação de uma interioridade que José Saramago sabe descortinar e avaliar com rara agudeza.
Miről mesélnek a kora újkori középiskolai adatsorok?
Authors: Barta M. János
Published: November 2022

In spite of the fact that the Society of Jesus had a quasi-monopoly position in Catholic ecclesiastical secondary education in the Kingdom of Hungary and Transylvania in the 17th and 18th centuries, until recently, registers of Jesuit grammar schools have not been utilised sufficiently. As referred to in the title, the study examines the possibilities of the electronical processing of the school register of the early modern Jesuit Grammar School in Kassa (Košice, present-day: Slovakia), introducing the first results. The project has started within the confines of the subproject of the “MTA–ELTE History of Universities Research Group” as a continuation of the project called “Catholic Schooling in Hungary in the Early Modern Period: the Students of the Győr, Nagyszombat and Pozsony Jesuit Colleges”. As results of the latter project, the school registers of the Jesuit grammar schools in Győr, Pozsony (Bratislava, present-day: Slovakia) and Nagyszombat (Trnava, present-day: Slovakia) had been already processed electronically and student databases had been created, which are currently available at the Hungaricana – Hungarian Cultural Heritage Portal. The importance of these student databases, including the Kassa one, lies primarily in the potential of complex queries. Statistical data series can be produced by using of them from an essentially pre-statistical period, which could provide a sharper insight into a well-defined broad segment of society of the early modern Kingdom of Hungary. Moreover, cohort analyses based on them could contribute to revealing school studies and educational paths, providing opportunities to make inductive reasonings. Nevertheless, especially combined with other databases, hopefully those will be also useful for researchers dealing with information history, because they aid to draw higher-order conclusions through the various logical queries.
A fakultatív hitoktatás a Rákosi-korszakban az adatok tükrében
Authors: Sz. Nagy Gábor
Published: November 2022

In September 1949, the religious education in public education was
abolished, and optional religious education was replaced. The Hungarian
Working People’s Party (MDP) called on the Party, the ministerial and
central government bodies (in co-operation with the trade unions and the
mass movement) to make every effort to reduce the number of students
enrolling in religious education. Between 1949 and 1953, administrative
measures were mostly used, while between 1953 and 1956, the emphasis was
more on persuasion by parents. The plans and instructions made by the
various bodies had to be implemented by the regional Party and state
administration bodies (city, county, district councils) and data had to be
provided. These data were forwarded to the Party’s bodies (especially the
MDP Agitation and Propaganda Department) and to the State Office for Church
Affairs (established in 1951), which also submitted it to the MDP’s bodies.
Az athéni adólisták
Authors: Németh György
Published: November 2022

The study deals with the inscriptions of the Athenian Tribute Lists, and highlights the tax list of 454/453 BC. For comparison, the list of 440/439 BC is examined. These lists are not only a valuable source of Athenian foreign policy and economy, but also, for example, for tracing changes in Athenian letter forms and their evolution.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 18 No. 3, Mei 2022
Authors: Editors
Published: November 2022

This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3, Mei 2022
Aspectos legales de los accidentes de tránsito en Colombia
Authors: BAENA VÁSQUEZ ALEJANDRA JULIETTE , VENEGAS SEGURA ANDRÉS ARTURO , REMOLINA CAVIEDES EDWIN ENRIQUE , VENEGAS SEGURA GUSTAVO ADOLFO , LONDOÑO CONTRERAS HENRY , MONROY CASTRO JUAN CARLOS , GAMARRA AMAYA LAURA CECILIA , FINO PUERTO NELSON RICARDO , FINO PUERTO ÓSCAR MAURICIO
Published: November 2022

El derecho de libre locomoción es un derecho fundamental que consiste en la libertad de los seres humanos para trasladarse de un sitio a otro sin impedimento alguno. Este derecho está consagrado en Colombia en el artículo 24 de la Constitución Política de la República de Colombia. En este se establece: “Todo colombiano, con las limitaciones que establezca la ley, tiene derecho a circular libremente por el territorio nacional, a entrar y salir de él, y a permanecer y residenciarse en Colombia” (Constitución Política de Colombia, Art. 24, 1991). En el ejercicio de este derecho, algunos ciudadanos omiten su deber de respetar las normas de comportamiento en las vías como peatones, pasajeros o conductores. Esta omisión puede generar accidentes de tránsito, los cuales son la segunda causa de muertes violentas en Colombia (Policía Nacional de Colombia, 2017).
Dinámica de la frenada: marco conceptual y teórico
Authors: BAENA VÁSQUEZ ALEJANDRA JULIETTE , VENEGAS SEGURA ANDRÉS ARTURO , REMOLINA CAVIEDES EDWIN ENRIQUE , VENEGAS SEGURA GUSTAVO ADOLFO , LONDOÑO CONTRERAS HENRY , MONROY CASTRO JUAN CARLOS , GAMARRA AMAYA LAURA CECILIA , FINO PUERTO NELSON RICARDO , FINO PUERTO ÓSCAR MAURICIO
Published: November 2022

Este capítulo está enfocado en la frenada de un vehículo. Su propósito es el de entender la interacción que tienen las llantas con el pavimento. De esta forma, se puede determinar el coeficiente de fricción, el cual es un parámetro muy importante en relación con la dinámica del auto al detenerse. Sin embargo, es importante tener en cuenta que no es el único aspecto que entra en juego en este tipo de procesos, los cuales se hacen más complejos cada vez que se tiene un nuevo factor en cuenta.
Aspectos de orden experimental: los instrumentos utilizados y su importancia
Authors: BAENA VÁSQUEZ ALEJANDRA JULIETTE , VENEGAS SEGURA ANDRÉS ARTURO , REMOLINA CAVIEDES EDWIN ENRIQUE , VENEGAS SEGURA GUSTAVO ADOLFO , LONDOÑO CONTRERAS HENRY , MONROY CASTRO JUAN CARLOS , GAMARRA AMAYA LAURA CECILIA , FINO PUERTO NELSON RICARDO , FINO PUERTO ÓSCAR MAURICIO
Published: November 2022

En el presente capítulo se describen algunos equipos disponibles para hacer el registro topográfico del lugar del accidente. También se presentan algunos métodos e instrumentos para la evaluación de la superficie, y del efecto de esta en el accidente de tránsito. Dicha evaluación se hace a través de la medida del coeficiente de fricción.
Aspectos de análisis de datos de las pruebas de frenado
Authors: BAENA VÁSQUEZ ALEJANDRA JULIETTE , VENEGAS SEGURA ANDRÉS ARTURO , REMOLINA CAVIEDES EDWIN ENRIQUE , VENEGAS SEGURA GUSTAVO ADOLFO , LONDOÑO CONTRERAS HENRY , MONROY CASTRO JUAN CARLOS , GAMARRA AMAYA LAURA CECILIA , FINO PUERTO NELSON RICARDO , FINO PUERTO ÓSCAR MAURICIO
Published: November 2022

El presente capítulo tiene como fin ofrecer una guía sobre los procedimientos analíticos para las pruebas de frenado. Para ello se recurre a protocolos internacionales, diversos libros y a la experiencia del grupo de investigación con respecto a la explicación de estos ítems
Lower academic performance and dropout rates among University students with children: a prospective cohort study of nursing students in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Cortés-Muñoz Fabián , Garzón Ruiz Jenny Paola , Ferrer Buenaño Mónica Alexandra , Fonseca Granados Laura Daniela , Agudelo Cruz Luis Fernando , Lombana Cortés John Jalber , Ruiz Barrera Jennifer Tatiana , Parada Fresneda Angie Paola , Quimbay Mondragón José Luis , Buitrago Arcila Johan Stiven , Gil Cabezas Mateo Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To determine the association between parenthood and academic performance and dropout among professional Nursing degree program students.

Methods

A prospective cohort was conducted. 310 students were included, 26 parents (exposed) and 284 nonparents (unexposed), who were followed up during 16 weeks. At the end of this follow-up, student records were reviewed.

Results

Academic performance in the exposed and unexposed groups was 3.51/5.0 and 3.64/5.0 respectively. Although it was higher in the latter group, i.e., with a difference of 0.13, the values were not statistically significant (p=0.058). After adjusting for confounding variables, a difference of −0.165 point was seen (p=0.037). The risk of students dropping out of college is 34 % less for exposed compared to those who are unexposed (RR: 0.66; CI: 0.075–5.78; p=0.708).

Conclusion

The results suggest that parenthood has a modest impact on the academic performance, and has no impact on the risk of dropping out.
A generalized double robust Bayesian model averaging approach to causal effect estimation with application to the study of osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Talbot Denis , Beaudoin Claudia
Published: November 2022

Analysts often use data-driven approaches to supplement their knowledge when selecting covariates for effect estimation. Multiple variable selection procedures for causal effect estimation have been devised in recent years, but additional developments are still required to adequately address the needs of analysts. We propose a generalized Bayesian causal effect estimation (GBCEE) algorithm to perform variable selection and produce double robust (DR) estimates of causal effects for binary or continuous exposures and outcomes. GBCEE employs a prior distribution that targets the selection of true confounders and predictors of the outcome for the unbiased estimation of causal effects with reduced standard errors. The Bayesian machinery allows GBCEE to directly produce inferences for its estimate. In simulations, GBCEE was observed to perform similarly or to outperform DR alternatives. Its ability to directly produce inferences is also an important advantage from a computational perspective. The method is finally illustrated for the estimation of the effect of meeting physical activity recommendations on the risk of hip or upper-leg fractures among older women in the study of osteoporotic fractures. The 95% confidence interval produced by GBCEE is 61% narrower than that of a DR estimator adjusting for all potential confounders in this illustration.
The evolution of pituitary cysts in growth hormone-treated children
Authors: Krasnow Matthew D. , Krasnow Nicholas A. , McGuirk Liam , Patale Tara P. , Manely Sarah , Sayegh Emily , Epstein Benjamin , Hanif Sarriyah A. , Mehta Shilpa , Tenner Michael , Schefflein Javin , Mehta Hasit , Noto Richard A.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We have previously shown that pituitary cysts may affect growth hormone secretion. This study sought to determine cyst evolution during growth hormone treatment in children.

Methods

Forty-nine patients with short stature, a pituitary cyst, and at least two brain MRI scans were included. The percent of the pituitary gland occupied by the cyst (POGO) was calculated, and a cyst with a POGO of ≤15% was considered small, while a POGO >15% was considered large.

Results

Thirty-five cysts were small, and 14 were large. Five of the 35 small cysts grew into large cysts, while 6 of the 14 large cysts shrunk into small cysts. Of 4 cysts that fluctuated between large and small, 3 presented as large and 1 as small. Small cysts experienced greater change in cyst volume (CV) (mean=61.5%) than large cysts (mean=−0.4%). However, large cysts had a greater net change in CV (mean=44.2 mm3) than small cysts (mean=21.0 mm3). Older patients had significantly larger mean pituitary volume than younger patients (435.4 mm3 vs. 317.9 mm3) and significantly larger mean CV than younger patients (77.4 mm3 vs. 45.2 mm3), but there was no significant difference in POGO between groups.

Conclusions

Pituitary cyst size can vary greatly over time. Determination of POGO over time is a useful marker for determining the possibility of a pathologic effect on pituitary function since it factors both cyst and gland volume. Large cysts should be monitored closely, given their extreme, erratic behavior.
Prenatal care and pregnancy outcome among incarcerated pregnant individuals in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hessami Kamran , Hutchinson-Colas Juana A. , Chervenak Frank A. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Zargarzadeh Nikan , Norooznezhad Amir Hossein , Grünebaum Amos , Bachmann Gloria A.
Published: November 2022

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the risk of inadequate prenatal care and pregnancy outcome among incarcerated pregnant individuals in the United States. PubMed/MedLine, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science were searched from inception up to March 30th, 2022. Studies were included if they reported the risk of inadequate prenatal care and/or pregnancy outcomes among incarcerated pregnant individuals in the United States jails or prisons. Adequacy of prenatal care was quantified by Kessner index. The random-effects model was used to pool the mean differences or odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using RevMan software. Nine studies were included in the final review. A total of 11,534 pregnant individuals, of whom 2,544 were incarcerated while pregnant, and 8,990 who were matched non-incarcerated pregnant individuals serving as control group, were utilized. Compared to non-incarcerated pregnancies, incarcerated pregnant individuals were at higher risk of inadequate prenatal care (OR 2.99 [95% CI: 1.60, 5.61], p<0.001) and were more likely to have newborns with low birthweight (OR 1.66 [95% CI: 1.19, 2.32], p=0.003). There was no significant difference between incarcerated and matched control pregnancies in the rates of preterm birth and stillbirth. The findings of the current systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that incarcerated pregnant individuals have an increased risk of inadequate prenatal care. Considering the limited number of current studies, further research is indicated to both assess whether the risk of inadequate prenatal care has negative impact on prenatal outcomes for this population and to determine the steps that can be taken to enhance prenatal care for all pregnant individuals incarcerated in the United States prisons.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Armatures in Southern France in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic
Authors: Defranould Elsa , Philibert Sylvie , Perrin Thomas
Published: November 2022

The use of weapons, and therefore of arrowheads, contributed to structuring the technical, economic, social and cultural domains. In the technical sphere, emblematic projectile armatures are often considered to be loaded with cultural values and to embody the expression of human group identity. The study of their variability, in time and space, can shed light on mechanisms of mutation and innovation stemming from adaptative strategies and cultural choices. During the seventh and sixth millennia, the renewal of arrowheads corresponds to major changes in lithic equipment. Between the Late Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic, we observe a diversification of arrowhead shapes and the evolution of represented types. These observations enhance interpretative scenarios, especially questions concerning the transfer of know-how, techno-economic renewal and neolithisation. This article proposes to study these changes at the sequence of the Baume de Montclus site, a key site in Southern France. The selected sequence covers 1.5 millennia of occupation, roughly from 6500 to 5000 cal. BCE, with a corpus of geometric bitruncations of about 650 pieces. The combined study of microwear and technological and typological data leads to a comprehensive interpretation of manufacturing processes, hafting methods and function. These analyses provide valuable information on the diversity of arrowheads, the identification of specific technical traditions and the characterisation of techno-functional ruptures throughout this sequence. These results will subsequently be integrated into a wider, regional and extra-regional context, with a particular focus on the emergence of blade and trapeze complexes (BTC) and the neolithisation of the western Mediterranean basin.
Arminiani e sociniani nel Seicento: rifiuto o reinterpretazione del cristianesimo sacrificale?
Authors: Brogi Stefano
Published: November 2022

The terms „Socinian“ and „Arminian“ (despite their often equivocal and polyvalent use) refer primarily to the members of two small Christian communities viewed with great suspicion by the established churches: the Ecclesia minor of the Polish Brethren, on the one hand, and the Dutch Remonstrant Brotherhood, on the other. These were two numerically small and marginalized groups, but capable of influencing substantial numbers of theologians and intellectuals of different denominational backgrounds in many European countries. The Dutch Remonstrants faced frequent allegations of Socinianism: far from diminishing over time, these charges became harsher and more insistent after the destruction of the Ecclesia minor and the resulting Socinian diaspora. However, this study shows that the relationship was not one-way: Arminius’ heirs in turn influenced those of Sozzini, as evidenced by the development of the two theological traditions on the crucial issue of Christ’s redemption and atonement. At the end of the seventeenth century, on this as on other subjects, the theories of the Remonstrants established some hegemony over the doctrinal elaborations of the successors to the Socinian tradition.
Nascita dei Comuni e memoria di Roma: un legame da riscoprire
Authors: Alberzoni Maria Pia
Published: November 2022

The historiography on the Italian Communes has investigated the motives behind the new city governments. Jean-Claude Maire Vigueur and Chris Wickham have stressed different rationales in the actions of the communal elites. However, we should avoid underestimating the cultural power of a model still very much present in the Middle Ages: imperial Rome. In the crisis linked to the struggle for investiture, city elites were inspired by the Roman institutional model, albeit following different ‚models‘ (classical, Byzantine, Carolingian and Saxon). The communal world interpreted this legacy with the contribution of the Roman Church. In this context, the use of spolia as an instrument of legitimization, stressed by Arnold Esch, should be re-evaluated. The interpretation in a Roman key of institutions, laws, political and artistic languages presupposed a sound cultural education on the part of the people of the commune, based on the classical tradition and, politically, on Roman law and institutions. These concepts were visually expressed in the new artistic style – later called the ‚Romanesque‘ due to the obvious desire to reinterpret classical models. Finally, the equestrian group of Oldrado da Tresseno (1233) on the facade of the Palazzo della Ragione in Milan, the only known example of this type of municipal political representation in the first half of the 13th century, allows us to assess the power of the Roman model in legitimising municipal policies.
In the Wings
Authors: Bortolotti Raphaël , Brunello Giulia , Kappeler Annette
Published: November 2022

The historical archive in Feltre (Veneto) preserves inventories of its Teatro Sociale that testify to this provincial theatre’s importance to the town and the surrounding area during the 19th century. These inventories are rare sources that have never previously been analysed. Based on these documents, this article investigates the world behind the scenes and extracts information on the staff involved in running the theatre. Offstage workers are generally forgotten on playbills and in theatre periodicals (which pay tribute to onstage artists and report the repertoire of travelling theatre companies), and they do not figure significantly in the documents of theatre companies such as contracts, correspondence and regulations. To a greater extent than other sources, these inventories provide a window onto the labour of these workers, who made a highly significant, if less visible, contribution to performances and the running of a theatre.
Die toskanische Weimar-Fraktion
Authors: Loyen Ulrich van
Published: November 2022

This article takes as its starting point Philipp Felsch’s recent book telling the intriguing story of how, from the 1960s, the two Italian scholars Giorgio Colli and Mazzino Montinari rediscovered and edited Nietzsche’s legacy, considered a highly problematic frame of reference in the aftermath of the Second World War. The essay outlines the Italian background – both institutional and ideological – of this enterprise. Additionally, it argues that Colli and Montinari’s philological scrutiny and quest for veracity also helped to lay the groundwork for the reception of such ‚non-binary‘ thinkers as Heidegger within political movements of both the (radical) left and right.
Ultrasonic supported dye removal by a novel biomass
Authors: Gülen Jale , Küçük İlknur , Yalçın Berrin Saygı , Çelik Selen Ezgi , Özgür Mahmure
Published: November 2022

Sumac Leaves (Rhus Coriaria L), were used as a possible adsorbent of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) removal. The main affecting parameters on adsorption such as concentration, pH and temperature were investigated. Adsorption equilibrium was reached in 30 min. The ultrasonic effect was also enhanced the dyestuff removal. Adsorption capacity was rised from 0.566 to 1.826 mg/g, as rising the concentration from 4 μg/mL to 10 μg/mL. Several isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were applied for explaining the adsorption mechanism. Temkin and Langmuir isotherm models describe the system well. Pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra particle kinetics were evaluated. Pseudo second order diffusion model supports the adsoprption and also intra particle diffusion plays an important role for BB3 removal. Thermodynamics of the adsorption were commented. −2219.5 J/mol of Gibbs energy showed us a spontaneous and physical adsorption.
Differential Patterns of Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens Caused by Continuous and Interrupted Morphine Exposure
Authors: Lefevre Emilia M. , Gauthier Elysia A. , Bystrom Lauren L. , Scheunemann Jordan , Rothwell Patrick E.
Published: November 2022

Opioid exposure and withdrawal both cause adaptations in brain circuits that may contribute to abuse liability. These adaptations vary in magnitude and direction following different patterns of opioid exposure, but few studies have systematically manipulated the pattern of opioid administration while measuring neurobiological impact. In this study, we compared cellular and synaptic adaptations in the nucleus accumbens shell caused by morphine exposure that was either continuous or interrupted by daily bouts of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. At the behavioral level, continuous morphine administration caused psychomotor tolerance, which was reversed when the continuity of morphine action was interrupted by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Usingex vivoslice electrophysiology in female and male mice, we investigated how these patterns of morphine administration altered intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing the D1 or D2 dopamine receptor. We found that morphine-evoked adaptations at excitatory synapses were predominately conserved between patterns of administration, but there were divergent effects on inhibitory synapses and the subsequent balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input. Overall, our data suggest that continuous morphine administration produces adaptations that dampen the output of D1-MSNs, which are canonically thought to promote reward-related behaviors. Interruption of otherwise continuous morphine exposure does not dampen D1-MSN functional output to the same extent, which may enhance behavioral responses to subsequent opioid exposure. Our findings support the hypothesis that maintaining continuity of opioid administration could be an effective therapeutic strategy to minimize the vulnerability to opioid use disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWithdrawal plays a key role in the cycle of addiction to opioids like morphine. We studied how repeated cycles of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from otherwise continuous opioid exposure can change brain function of the nucleus accumbens, which is an important brain region for reward and addiction. Different patterns of opioid exposure caused unique changes in communication between neurons in the nucleus accumbens, and the nature of these changes depended on the type of neuron being studied. The specific changes in communication between neurons caused by repeated cycles of withdrawal may increase vulnerability to opioid use disorders. This highlights the importance of reducing or preventing the experience of withdrawal during opioid treatment.
Do the CO2 Absorption by Plants & Emission by Growing Media Obey Fick’s Law?
Authors: Ramadhani Mart Nadhifa Zahira , Mart Terry
Published: November 2022

A simple homemade greenhouse was constructed as a part of the high school project during the learning-from-home period. The greenhouse was used to show CO2 absorption by Sansevieria trifasciata during the night, obeying Fick’s law of diffusion, while the CO2 emission by the medium used to grow the plant does not. Although other plants can be used for this purpose, the use of Sansevieria is interesting and offers certain advantages because it absorbs CO2 during the night. The project could also provide a simple tool for high school students to investigate the absorption and emission of CO2 from home or in laboratory. Extension of this project to investigate the effect of plant respiration on the environmental parameters, such as decreasing temperature and increasing humidity, is also possible.
Sugarin’ Science
Authors: Goodhue Tara
Published: November 2022

Many students become overwhelmed when asked to design and conduct their own unique experiments. To assist with this problem, I implemented an interdisciplinary, place-based unit where students are guided in the development of their own scientific questions and experiments around the phenomenon of maple syrup production. Students learn about the science of maple syrup production, design experiments, collect and analyze data, draw conclusions, and share their findings with the school community. This project has myriad opportunities for students to engage in problem solving, teamwork, and inquiry.
GP73 blockade alleviates abnormal glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice
Authors: Yang Xiaopan , Fan Xiaojing , Feng Jiangyue , Fan Tinghui , Li Jingfei , Huang Linfei , Wan Luming , Yang Huan , Li Huilong , Gong Jing , Zhang Yanhong , Gao Qi , Zheng Fei , Xu Lei , Lin Haotian , Zhang Dandan , Song Hongbin , Wang Yufei , Ma Xueping , Sun Zhiwei , Cao Cheng , Yang Xiaoli , Zhong Hui , Fang Yi , Wei Congwen
Published: November 2022

Golgi protein 73 (GP73), also called Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1), is a resident Golgi type II transmembrane protein and is considered as a serum marker for the detection of a variety of cancers. A recent work revealed the role of the secreted GP73 in stimulating liver glucose production and systemic glucose homeostasis. Since exaggerated hepatic glucose production plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), GP73 may thus represent a potential therapeutic target for treating diabetic patients with pathologically elevated levels. Here, in this study, we found that the circulating GP73 levels were significantly elevated in T2DM and positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c. Notably, the aberrantly upregulated GP73 levels were indispensable for the enhanced protein kinase A signaling pathway associated with diabetes. In diet-induced obese mouse model, GP73 siRNA primarily targeting liver tissue was potently effective in alleviating abnormal glucose metabolism. Ablation of GP73 from whole animals also exerted a profound glucose-lowering effect. Importantly, neutralizing circulating GP73 improved glucose metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet/STZ-induced diabetic mice. We thus concluded that GP73 was a feasible therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.
Influence dosimetric study of different couches in radiotherapy treatments
Authors: Del Nero Renata Aline , Zeppellini Santos Emiliozzi Caroline , Ruggieri Serante Alexandre , De Tarso Dalledone Siqueira Paulo , Guimarães Antunes Paula Christina
Published: November 2022

Radiotherapy is a recommended procedure, in average, for 52% of cancer cases as one of the treatment forms, therefore, it is important for the clinical practice to investigate the affecting factors in dose distribution received by the patients, and for example, devices and treatment couch. With the introduction of treatments with modulated intensity techniques like IMRT and VMAT, the number of incidence fields used for patient treatment increased, which makes the couch’s dosimetric effect more significant in these modalities. The attenuation data acquisition referring to the treatment couches, as well as the TPS data evaluation, show as important parameters for the clinical practice because they show what happens with the dose delivery during the treatment, ensuring a better quality and safety to the treatments. This research presents experimental results evaluating the couch’s impact in the treatments by a study of perturbation in the distribution of surface dose, dose attenuation according to the gantry’s angle for the couches BrainLABTM, ExactTM and iBEAMTM. Then we propose better density values for the couches BrainLABTM and ExactTM for their inclusion in EclipseTM TPS. Lastly, we compare the dose difference considering the presence or not of couch in the planning. In conclusion, the beam’s attenuation increase by the couches and the doses alterations on the skin must be taken in consideration in the treatment planning process. It is of great relevance that each treatment center perform internal tests to determinate the best density values for available TPS.
Mechanical cervical ripening for prolonged pregnancies with a previous cesarean section: Double-balloon catheter vs Foley catheter
Authors: Martínez-Varea Alicia , Santolaria-Baig Andrea , Sánchez-Ajenjo Carlos , Monfort-Ortiz Rogelio , Perales-Marín Alfredo , Diago-Almela Vicente
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Mechanical cervical ripening methods are considered safer than prostaglandins. Many centers choose this method for pre-induction in pregnant patients with a previous cesarean section. Our objective was to compare efficacy and safety of two different mechanical ripening methods in prolonged pregnancies with a Bishop score ≤ 6 and a previous cesarean section. Methods: Non-randomized study during 6 years in which patients were divided in two cohorts: a first period of time (from November 2014 to November 2018) in which Foley catheter was used and a second period of time (from November 2018 to November 2020) in which double-balloon catheter (Cook® balloon) was the method employed. The same protocol was followed in both groups. Efficacy was defined by the achievement of active labor. Ripening success (changes in Bishop score and achievement of active labor), vaginal delivery rate and maternal and neonatal safety were recorded.  Results: The double-balloon was placed in 43 patients and the Foley catheter was inserted in 129 patients. Cook catheter showed better Bishop score difference than Foley but with no statistically significance (3.09 vs 2.76, p=0.271). Active labor was achieved similarly in both groups (81.4% double-balloon vs 78.2% Foley catheter, p=0.726). Although there was a higher vaginal delivery rate in the double-balloon group (62.8%) compared with the Foley group (49.6%), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.065). Time from catheter insertion to delivery was significantly shorter in the Foley group compared with Cook group (1704 vs 1903 minutes, p<0.05). Newborn weight, umbilical-cord pH, Apgar index and maternal complications were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Mechanical cervical ripening is a safe and effective method in pregnancies with a previous cesarean section. Double-balloon ripening associated higher vaginal delivery rate compared to Foley catheter, but without statistically significant differences.
Detecting Health Care Disparities and the Problem With P <0.05
Authors: Hall Matt , Tieder Joel , Richardson Troy , Parikh Kavita , Shah Samir S.
Published: November 2022

Detecting disparities in health care requires special statistical consideration to assess meaningful differences in exposure, process, or outcome between 2 or more groups on the basis of race, ethnicity, or language. Statistical tests with resulting P values need to be contextualized and thresholds of significance selected carefully before drawing conclusions.
Amazônia e a “utopia autoritária”
Authors: Queirós César Augusto Bubolz
Published: November 2022

No processo histórico da colonização portuguesa no Brasil e da construção imagética da Amazônia, a região foi objeto de um conjunto de representações que a colocava tanto na condição de um obstáculo ao progresso, região incivilizada e de uma natureza insubmissa, quanto como uma fronteira a ser alcançada a fim de integrar aquelas vastas e ricas terras ao desenvolvimento nacional. Seria, portanto, um imenso “vazio” demográfico e civilizatório que precisava ser incorporado à Nação, pela ação do Estado e de agentes privados – apoiados por sua ação. A Amazônia sempre marcou forte presença no imaginário nacional e nos projetos de poder que eram alçados à esfera nacional. Atualmente, com a escalada das áreas devastadas na região durante o governo Bolsonaro e todas as investidas que promoveram um desmonte sobre os órgãos de fiscalização, a ação de madeireiros e garimpeiros ilegais foi facilitada e as queimadas atingiram índices que alarmaram a comunidade internacional. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar algumas iniciativas de utilização das riquezas da região e de colonização do vale amazônico, destacando a relação entre as investidas sobre a exploração na Amazônia e a emergência de governos autoritários. Para tanto, utilizamos de discursos de agentes envolvidos no processo em diálogo com a bibliografia pertinente ao tema a fim de problematizar o processo de ocupação predatória da Amazônia.
Taksir Istikhdam At-taklim An-nasyath Nauun Rotating Roles Ala Maharah Kalam Lada Thalabah As-shaf As-tsamin Bi Madrasah As-tsanawiyah Al-ahliyah Lubuk Kilangan
Authors: Rahmi Nur
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this discussion is to determine the ability of speaking skills after using active learning type rotating roles in learning speaking skills. And to find out the effectiveness after using rotating roles type active learning in learning speaking skills for class VIII student at MTSs Lubuk Kilangan Padang. The approach used in this discussion is a quantitative approach. The research design is a quasi-experimental design in the form of a nonequivalent control design. And the data collection method used interviews, questions, and documentation. The form of data analysis that has been used by the author is the normality test,homogeneity test and T-test using SPSS 21. The results of this discussion are the students' ability in learning speaking skills of class VIII MTss Lubuk Kilang Padang students, before using the rotating roles method with the results of the pre test score in the control class 45.28 (accepted). And on the effectiveness of using the rotating roles method, it is known that there are differences in the value of speaking skills before and after. The value after using the rotating roles method is 71.55 (good). Judging from the graph table, the value before and after using the rotating roles method in the experimental class has increased from an acceptable value to a good value. This means that the use of active learning types of rotating roles has an effect on the speaking skills of class VIII students at MTSs Lubuk Kilangan Padang
TANFIZU ANTTORIQATU AL ISTIQRAIYYAH FII TA’LIMI ANNAHWI ‎LITTHOLIBAATS ASSANATURABIAH BITARBIYYATI MUA’ALLIMIN ‎AL ISLAMIYAH PERINDUAN SUMENEP MADURA
Authors: Siroj Asmaniyah , Safitri Eli
Published: November 2022

The Institute of Islamic Teachers Education Brendoan Somenep Madura is one of the modern educational institutions that teach religious sciences using the Arabic language, such as jurisprudence, monotheism, beliefs, ethics, etc., and that grammar is the basis for understanding Arabic texts, which has many factors for understanding Islamic materials that are explained in Arabic and thus increase The importance of studying it. Thus, teaching grammar aims to develop students' understanding so that they can provide examples of grammar that the teacher explained during the teaching process. The objectives of this research are: 1) to find out the implementation of the inductive method in teaching grammar to the fourth year students of Islamic teacher education at the Islamic Institute of Al-Amin Brendwan Sominb Madura 2) to find out the supporting factors and obstacles to the implementation of the inductive method in teaching grammar to the fourth year students of Islamic teacher education at the Islamic Institute of Al-Ameen Brendwan Somnab Madura. In this research, the researcher used the qualitative approach using the descriptive approach, and the method of all research used in this research is interview, observation and documents. The result of the research is: 1) Implementation of the inductive method in teaching grammar for fourth year students of Islamic teacher education at the Al-Ameen Islamic Institute in Brindwan. 2) The supporting factors in implementing the inductive method in teaching grammar are: the students' speed of understanding, the actual joint students. As for the obstacle factors in implementing the inductive method in teaching grammar, they are: lack of vocabulary mastery for female students, failure to provide various examples from the teacher