bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation and comparative evaluation of nasal index and nasal cavity volume in nasal and mouth breathers
Authors: Kalaskar Ritesh , Balasubramanian Shruti , Kalaskar Ashita
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Mouth breathing is one of the most deleterious oral habits with a prevalence of 4%–6% among children. Due to the wide range of comorbidities associated with mouth breathing, early diagnosis and prompt treatment is indispensable. At present, there are very few objective methods available for the diagnosis of mouth breathing. The present study was planned to evaluate a possible correlation between nasal index (NI) and nasal cavity volume (NCV) among nasal and mouth breathers (MB). In addition, the average NCV of nasal and MB was also computed. The foresight of this research was to establish the significance of NI as an objective diagnostic tool for mouth breathing.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8–11-year-old children. The NI was determined using a digital Vernier caliper and NCV was calculated using dolphin imagingsoftware.

Results:

There was a significant difference in NCV and nasal width (NW) in both groups, but no difference was seen in nasal height and NI. There was no statistically significant correlation between NCV and other parameters in both groups.

Conclusion:

The present study was a baseline analysis in this line. Even though this study did not reveal any significant correlation between both parameters, future studies are recommended to explore a plausible correlation.
Evaluation and comparison of silorane resin composite to glass ionomer in occluso-proximal restorations of primary molars
Authors: Maru Viral P. , Kulkarni Purva , Chauhan Rewant , Bapat Salil S
Published: May 2024

Objective:

In general, proximal restorations of primary molars fracture, so it is vital to study the new materials that could solve this problem. Hence, the present trial assessed the success of occluso-proximal atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations using silorane and glass ionomer cement (GIC) in carious primary molars for a period of 2 years.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and ninety-two children between the age group of 4 and 9 years were randomly allocated to GIC or silorane. In the clinical set up, they were treated by a pediatric dentist, and their restorations were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was the survival of restoration, which was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier and superior Cox regression models. As a sensitivity analysis, intention-to-treat (ITT) was executed. Sex, age, molar, jaw, cavity volume, and caries incidence were the independent variables.

Results:

The restoration survival after 24 months for GIC and silorane was 82.75% and 88.88%, respectively, whereas ITT analysis showed a success of 84.37% and 89.58% for GIC and silorane, respectively.

Conclusion:

With regard to longevity, there was no statistically significant difference between silorane and GIC in primary molar occlusoproximal ART restorations.
Development and validation of a novel Middle childhood oral health impact scale (MCOHIS)
Authors: Asokan Sharath , Geetha Priya P. R. , Viswanath Sudhandra , Sivasamy Shyam , Natchiyar S. Nambi
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The study was planned to develop and validate a novel middle childhood oral health impact scale (MCOHIS) for 6- to 9-year-old children in India.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study design was employed to develop and validate MCOHIS in the sequential phases. A panel of ten pediatric dentists evaluated a pool of 36 items corresponding to the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children. MCOHIS with 20 items under five domains was formulated and content validation was done. Cohen's kappa statistics was employed to measure the concordance between the child's self-report and the caregiver's proxy report. Concurrent validation was done among 130 participants from 13 districts of Tamil Nadu state, India. Discriminant validity was checked among another sample of 60 participants. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of MCOHIS were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Kappa statistics respectively.

Results:

MCOHIS had adequate content validation with Scale Level Content Validity Index / Average score of 0.94 for relevance. There was a statistically significant inter-rater reliability observed between the child's self-report and caregivers' proxy report in all items with a moderate to substantial agreement. Concurrent validation showed a statistically significant positive correlation with a Rho value of 0.712. There was a statistically significant difference noted in overall discriminant validity (P < 0.001). Acceptable internal consistency reliability was observed with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.75. Test-retest reliability showed a high stability coefficient of 0.98.

Conclusions:

MCOHIS was found to be a valid and reliable age-specific tool for assessing the OHRQoL of Indian children aged 6–9 years.
Comparison of microleakage of different surface pre-treatment modalities of ionoseal® pit and fissure sealant in primary teeth
Authors: Mosleh Asmaa A. , Abdallah Shahenda A. , Shishiny Shaymaa A. , Mourad Yomna O.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Pit and fissure sealing is an evidence-based preventive measure against dental caries, especially in primary teeth which possess high caries risk, and to give the required benefits of the sealant, a good adaptation, and sealing ability should be present.

Purpose:

This study aimed to assess and compare the microleakage score of Ionoseal® pit and fissure sealant, when used either alone or with prior surface treatment of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser, acid etching, or their combination, in primary teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Forty healthy human molar teeth were randomly chosen and allocated into four study groups according to the surface pretreatment: group I, no surface pretreatment; Group II, 2W Er: YAG laser etching, Group III, combined laser etching and acid etching group, and Group IV, 37% phosphoric acid etching. After surface pretreatment procedures were conducted, the teeth were sealed with Ionoseal®. Subsequent microleakage was assessed through dye penetration under a stereomicroscope. One sample from each group was randomly selected, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out on the central slice of the three obtained slices of the samples.

Results:

Chi-square test revealed a high statistically significant difference between groups (P = 0.00). Similarly, all pairwise comparisons revealed a statistically significant difference. Group I showed the greatest mean of microleakage score (1.5), followed by Group IV (1.4), Group II (0.7), and Group III which showed the least microleakage score (0.6). These findings were supported by the SEM examination results.

Conclusions:

Using Ionoseal with prior surface treatment by combined 2 W Er: YAG laser etching and 37% phosphoric acid etching can result in the best sealing ability which would significantly enhance the long-term success of pit and fissure sealing in primary teeth.
Winged nance palatal arch
Authors: Maurya Rajkumar , Singh Harpreet , Kapoor Pranav , Sharma Poonam , Niranjan Babita , Dubey Ashutosh
Published: May 2024

Anchorage control during the correction of severely crowded dentitions has always been a source of concern during orthodontic therapy. The Nance palatal arch (NPA) has, in the past, been widely used for reinforcing anchorage in such cases. Modifications of the NPA have been reported for use as a fixed functional appliance or for molar distalization. Herein, a simple, effective modification of the conventional NPA is introduced incorporating two power arms, which can be used for unravelling of anterior crowding at the same time effectively augmenting molar anchorage.
Total crown replacement technique
Authors: Srivastava Nikhil , Rana Vivek , Pande Pratik , Singh Preeti
Published: May 2024

Background:

Restoration of severely damaged primary molars with very short clinical crowns is a big challenge and often extracted due to the lack of restorative options. Total crown replacement (TCR) is a novel treatment alternative for the restoration of such teeth through bonding of the biological restorations which are the sterile decoronated crowns of the extracted human teeth, obtained from a tooth bank.

Case Report:

Presented here is a report of two cases restored with the TCR technique. A 9-month follow-up showed satisfactory results in terms of function, esthetics, gingival health, and morphology including occlusal wear. TCR can be a viable and economical alternative for restoration of severely decayed/damaged primary teeth, otherwise indicated for extraction.
Parental awareness of on-site management of traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Gill Sarita , Chawla Amrita , Sharma Sidhartha , Kumar Vijay , Tewari Nitesh , Logani Ajay
Published: May 2024

Background:

Despite the high prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), parents generally lack awareness about dental trauma emergency management. This preliminary study’s goal was to assess parents’/guardians’ awareness of the treatment of tooth fractures/avulsion.

Materials and Methods:

A preformed questionnaire in e-format was sent to parents of school-going children. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Shapiro–Wilks’s test were employed to test the normality of data. In addition, a Chi-square test was performed for quantitative variables. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A response rate of 82.1% was achieved. Approximately 19.6% of parents reported dental injuries, with the majority (51.9%) occurring at home. In avulsion, 54.8% of parents believed that reinserting the tooth back into the socket was possible. For tooth fractures, 36.2% of parents believed that the fractured tooth could be glued. Tap water was preferred as a storage medium (43.3%). An insignificant association was observed with regard to storage media (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Inadequate understanding of the treatment of TDI by the primary caregiver leads to ineffective interventions at the scene of the accident and a poor prognosis for otherwise treatable cases.
Comparative evaluation of bioactivity, fluoride release, shear bond strength, and compressive strength of conventional glass ionomer cement incorporated with three inorganic bioactive nanoparticles
Authors: Pokharkar Pranjali Mahesh , Shashikiran N. D. , Gaonkar Namrata , Gugawad Sachin , Hadakar Savita , Waghmode Sonali
Published: May 2024

Background:

Over the course of four decades, the bioactive materials have changed. They have become more specialized, more manageable, possessing superior qualities. Thus, it should be encouraged to conduct ongoing research to improve these materials even further in order to meet the growing clinical and restorative needs.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate and compare bioactivity, fluoride release, shear bond strength and compressive strength of conventional GIC incorporated with three inorganic bioactive nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods:

For the study, total of 160 samples were included. The samples were divided in four groups (40 samples per group) i.e. 3 wt% of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) (Group 2), wollastonite (CaSiO3) (Group 3) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) (Group 4) nanoparticles incorporated into GIC (Group 1). The bioactivity (FEG-SEM and EDX analysis), fluoride release (ion-selective electrode), shear bond strength testing (UTM followed by evaluation under stereomicroscope) and the compressive strength (UTM) was checked for each group.

Results:

Wollastonite nanoparticles (3wt %) incorporated to GIC showed maximum increase in the apatite crystal formation,Ca and P content and highest fluoride release. Mean shear bond strength was highest in niobium pentoxide nanoparticles (3wt %) incorporated to GIC while mean compressive strength was highest in forsterite nanoparticles (3wt %) added to GIC.

Conclusion:

Positive results were observed which showed increase in the bioactivity alongwith enhancement of the fluoride release, shear bond strength and compressive strength but further research on these materials is warranted before its use in clinical practice.
Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in India
Authors: Shetty Ashveeta J. , Dixit Uma B. , Kirubakaran Richard
Published: May 2024

Research Question:

To estimate the pooled prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children from India.

Research Protocol:

The PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Literature Search:

An electronic search of the databases was performed to find prevalence studies of MIH in children above age 6 years in India.

Data Extraction:

Two authors independently extracted the data from the 16 included studies.

Quality Appraisal:

The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies.

Data Analysis:

The pooled prevalence estimate of MIH was calculated using logit transformed data with inverse variance approach in a random-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2
statistic. The subgroups were analyzed to assess the pooled prevalence of MIH according to sex, arch-wise proportion of MIH-affected teeth, and proportion of children with the MIH phenotypes.

Results and Interpretation of Results:

Sixteen studies included in the meta-analysis represented 7 states of India. A total of 25,273 children were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MIH in India was estimated to be 10.0% (95% CI: 0.07, 0.12) with significantly high heterogeneity between the included studies. The pooled prevalence did not vary according to sex. The pooled proportions of MIH-affected teeth were similar in the maxillary and mandibular arches. The pooled proportion of children with MH phenotype was higher (56%) than those with M + IH phenotype (44%). Further studies with standardized criteria for recording MIH are needed to ascertain the prevalence of MIH in India.
Attitude and practices of parents toward their children's oral health care during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Goswami Mridula , Grewal Monika , Garg Aditi
Published: May 2024

Rationale:

The impact of COVID-19 has affected billions of people affecting nearly all domains of life, including patient's healthcare needs. Due to constrained dental services during lockdown, pediatric dental needs were severely compromised therefore, parental attitude and practices of maintaining child's oral hygiene impose significant impact on child's oral hygiene.

Aim:

This study aims to assess the attitude and practices of parents toward their children's oral health care during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 120 parents selected randomly from the outpatient department after obtaining informed consent. A structured questionnaire was used to assess attitude and practice of parents toward their child's oral hygiene during lockdown in COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

The overall attitude and practice score of parents in maintaining their child's oral hygiene was low, with mean value of 2.36 ± 1.36 and 2.51 ± 1.50, respectively. 60.8% of parents reported the need of dental treatment for their child during the lockdown period whereas 50.8% parents contacted the dentist during this period; majority (37.5%) of which reported due to toothache. 68.3% of parents would like to visit nearby dental hospital for emergencies during lockdown period. Only 33.3% of parents took extra efforts to maintain their child's oral hygiene while 45% made dietary changes in their child's diet to prevent tooth decay.

Conclusion:

The overall attitude and practices of the parents were poor toward the oral health of their children during the lockdown period in COVID-19 pandemic. There is urgent need of increasing awareness among parents regarding the importance of maintaining their child's oral health. The inability to see the doctor should at least encourage better home practice measures for future. The concept of tele-dentistry is very new and will be the need of the coming modern times.
Evaluation of the average pulp cavity volume of primary second molar and canine for obturation of a single primary tooth
Authors: Kalaskar Ritesh , Baliga Sudhindra , Balasubramanian Shruti
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Metapex/Vitapex is one of the most commonly used obturating materials in pediatric dental practice in recent times. It is available in a premixed syringe which poses numerous practical difficulties. This study aimed to calculate the root canal volume of maxillary and mandibular canine and second molar using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to determine the quantity/grams of obturation material to obturate a single tooth (mass = density × volume).

Materials and Method:

This nonrandomized clinical trial is comprised of two parts. The first part involved calculation of average root canal volume using CBCT which was used to calculate the quantity/grams of obturating material. This predetermined quantity was used to obturate primary mandibular second molars and canines, and the quality of obturation was assessed.

Results:

Assessment of quality of obturation showed optimum length obturation in 53.33% primary second molars and 66.66% primary canines.

Conclusion:

It can be inferred that even with the use of exact predetermined quantity/grams of obturating material, optimum quality obturation could be achieved, thus avoiding wastage, preventing cross contamination, and simultaneously offering good clinical results. Hence, this study opens further gateways to device ampules containing predetermined mass of obturating material for a single use for obturation of a single primary tooth.
Comparative evaluation of effect of two relaxation breathing exercises on anxiety during buccal infiltration anesthesia in children aged 6-12 years
Authors: Bargale Seema , Khandelwal Jayesh Rupesh , Dave Bhavna Haresh , Deshpande Anshula Neeraj , Shah Susmita Shrenik , Chari Deepika Narasimha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Dental procedures, especially local anesthetic administration, are a source of great anxiety to children. Diaphragmatic breathing is defined as an efficient integrative body–mind training for dealing with stress and psychosomatic conditions. Pinwheel exercise is also a highly effective technique of “play therapy.”

Aim:

This study aimed to compare dental anxiety using pinwheel breathing exercise and diaphragmatic breathing exercise during buccal infiltration anesthesia.

Methodology:

Sixty children in the age group of 6–12 years with Frankel's behavior rating score of 3 who required buccal infiltration local anesthesia were selected. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups, i.e., Group A: children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise and Group B: children who performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise. The level of anxiety of the patients was recorded using an animated emoji scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 software with paired t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:

There was a significant reduction in dental anxiety score from score 1 (before the anesthetic procedure) to score 2 (after the anesthetic procedure) in both the groups. On intergroup analysis, children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise (Group A) showed higher values than children who performed deep breathing exercise without pinwheel (Group B) with a t value of 1.42 but was not statistically significant with a P value of 0.161.

Conclusion:

Pinwheel breathing exercise as well as diaphragmatic breathing exercise proved to be significantly effective in reducing dental anxiety during local anesthesia.
The effect of sterilization and disinfection on the physical-mechanical properties of preformed crowns
Authors: Davangere Padmanabh Shital Kiran , Patel Vaidehi
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Different sizes of crowns may be tried on children since there is no universal crown size because of distinctions in tooth morphology from one child to other. During the process of trial and error, the crown gets contaminated which needs to be sterilized for reuse of crown. This study was carried out to evaluate the physical–mechanical outcome after the sterilization and disinfection of pediatric preformed crowns.

Materials and Methods:

In total, sixty crowns consisted of 20 each, stainless steel crowns (SSCs) (3M ESPE), preveneered stainless steel (Kinder Krowns), and Zirconia crowns (Kinder Krowns) which were divided into four groups. G1 in which crowns did not undergo any sterilization, G2 consisted of fast sterilization, similarly G3 was slow sterilization, and G4 underwent chemical disinfection using Korsolex Plus for 15 min. Following sterilization, all the crown samples were observed under a stereomicroscope at ×200 magnification and assessed for color change, crazing, dimensional stability, and fracturing. Post hoc Tukey test and two-way ANOVA were performed for comparison between types of crowns and sterilization methods, with a significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

There was no color change or fracturing following sterilization among crowns in any of the groups. Highest crazing was noted in stainless steel and the least in Zirconia crowns. Preveneered stainless steel was the most dimensionally stable and SSCs was the least.

Conclusion:

No color changes and fracture were noted in any type of crowns. Preveneered stainless steel was most dimensionally stable followed by Zirconia and SSCs. Maximum crazing was seen in SSCs and nil in Zirconia.
Determining caries risk susceptibility in children of Udaipur city with genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint
Authors: Dusseja Simran Hareshkumar , Rao Dinesh , Panwar Sunil , Ameen Safna
Published: May 2024

Background:

Propylthiouracil (PROP) (a medicated tool) and hormonal fingerprint (second to fourth digits [2D:4D]) ratio can be used for detection of caries which is most prevalent oral health disease.

Aim:

This study aims to determine the role of genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint (2D:4D ratio) on caries risk susceptibility.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was an observational and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 570 children aged 6–12 years. PROP sensitivity test was done by PROP impregnated filter paper strips and subjects were divided accordingly into supertasters, medium-tasters, and nontasters. 2D:4D ratio was obtained by measuring length ratio of index to ring finger using Vernier caliper. Dietary preferences of the subjects were recorded. The evaluation of decayed, missing, and filled teeth/deft indices was done.

Statistical Analysis:

Intergroup comparisons were performed using One-way ANOVA test, independent t-test and Chi-square test at 5% significance level.

Results:

Positive correlation between nontasters, low digit ratio, sweet likers, and high caries index was found with a high significant difference.

Conclusion:

Genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint (biological marker) can be used for detection of caries as the present research confirmed impact of hormones on taste perception.
Comparison of staining potential of silver diamine fluoride versus silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide under tooth-colored restorations
Authors: Vennela Ealy , Sharada J. , Hasanuddin Shaik , Suhasini K. , Hemachandrika I. , Singh P. Tara
Published: May 2024

Background:

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is one of the effectual cariostatic agents widely used in minimal intervention dentistry. However, the major drawback of SDF is dark staining after its application.

Aim:

In the present study, the staining of 38% SDF alone and 38% SDF and potassium iodide (KI) was compared after restoration with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin composite using ImageJ software.

Methods and Material:

Forty extracted carious primary teeth were sorted into four groups. In Group I and II, SDF was applied and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. In Group III and IV, SDF application was followed by KI and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. Images were captured after initial applications on day 1 and day 14 after restoration. The captured images were imported to ImageJ software and mean gray values were calculated.

Statistical Analysis:

The mean gray values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. There was statistically significant if P < 0.05.

Results:

Following the application of SDF and RIVA STAR, the baseline mean gray values showed no statistical significance. On day 1, the mean gray values were highest in Group IV (208.30) and lowest in Group I (178.51). Similarly, on day 14, the highest mean gray values were observed in Group IV (208.45) and lowest in Group I (147.6) which were statistically significant.

Conclusions:

The restorations after SDF application attained dark stain eventually, whereas with the application of SDF followed by KI (RIVA STAR), the restorations showed the least staining.
A novel report of dental development pattern in a 3-year-old girl with three congenitally missing primary canines
Authors: Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar , Jayaraman Jayakumar
Published: May 2024

Dentists may encounter patients with numerical dental anomalies in clinical practice and understanding of these conditions would allow early detection as well as intervention. The absence of one or more teeth congenitally is referred as hypodontia. This dental anomaly is rarely reported in primary dentition and the most commonly affected teeth in the primary dentition are mandibular lateral incisors and primary canines are remarkably very rare and this entity has not been often reported. This case study was aimed to report a 3-year-old Indian girl with the absence of three canines primary dentition and also evaluate the overall dental development pattern of developing permanent teeth. Furthermore, a new finding for pediatric dentists that the development of permanent canines in case of missing primary canines.
Baby-Risk of malocclusion assessment index
Authors: Jahanimoghadam Fatemeh , Nikzad Sajad , Ahmadipour Habibeh , Sadeghi Samaneh , Aftabi Reyhaneh
Published: May 2024

Context:

Preventive orthodontic treatments are performed in the primary or mixed dentition period and provide a proper development of occlusion to avoid dentofacial anomalies.

Aims:

This study aims to evaluate the Baby-Risk of Malocclusion Assessment Index (ROMA) index regarding ease of use, reproducibility, and the epidemiological assessment of major orthodontic problems in children aged 4–6-year-old in Kerman (Iran) kindergartens.

Setting and Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 children aged 4–6 in Kerman (Iran) kindergartens, selected by cluster sampling, and data were collected using the Baby-ROMA index.

Methods:

After recording a demographic data collection form, the clinical examination of the teeth was carried out by a dental student. The data were analyzed with SPSS 18 using t-test, analysis of variance, Chi-squared test, and Mann–Whitney test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

In this study, the most common cause of malocclusion was dental caries (7.5%), followed by crossbite (6.1%). Furthermore, 31.6% of the subjects had one type of malocclusion, and 20.5% needed monitoring the occlusion before the growth spurt, while 11.1% needed immediate orthodontic treatment (mostly 6-year-old children). Moreover, 15.3% of the subjects had systemic problems; 3.4% had craniofacial, 22% had dental, and 2% had functional problems. The prevalence of class I canine relationship in the right canines was 82.32%, with 82.5% on the left side. The prevalence of open bite was higher in females with thumb-sucking habit.

Conclusion:

The Baby-ROMA index presented good reliability and ease of use for evaluating early orthodontic treatment needs in primary and mixed dentition periods.
Is the combination of conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration superior to modified ultrafiltration in pediatric open-heart surgery?
Authors: Singh Sanjeev , Singh Arti , Rahman Mustafa Mohammad Ateequr , Mahrous Deigheidy Ehab , Singh Langpoklakpam Chaoba
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during open-heart surgery is associated with increased body fluids as a consequence of hemodilution due to the use of CPB. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a method used to decrease the body fluid volume on CPB.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the effects of combined conventional UF (CUF) and modified UF (MUF) versus MUF on the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective, single-center, randomized, and double-blinded clinical study that involved 74 pediatric patients undergoing open-heart surgery on CPB. Patient management was standardized. Preoperative Aristotle comprehensive complexity level, ultrafiltrate volumes, hematocrit, hemodynamic data, transesophageal echocardiographically (TEE) determined ejection fraction (EF), fractional area change (FAC), temperature drift, arterial oxygenation, time of extubation, ventilation, comparison of inotropic drugs, postoperative chest tube drainage, cardiac care unit (CCU), and hospital length of stay (LOS) were recorded in both groups. The analysis was conducted using SPSS-23.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA.

Results:

There was no mortality in both groups. Technical difficulties prevented the completion of MUF in two patients out of 37 in the CUF + MUF group. In this study, there were 43.26% of females and 56.75% of males, with a median age of 439 days, a mean weight of 9.98 kg, and an Aristotle Comprehensive Complexity score of level 2. Group CUF + MUF had a greater ultrafiltrate volume of 122 ± 39.7 ml (P = 0.036). The duration of ventilatory support was 11.2 ± 6.4 h versus 34.4 ± 5.7 h (P = 0.013), average CCU LOS was 4.3 ± 3.5 days versus 7.2 ± 3.6 days (P = 0.008), and chest tube drain in the first 48 h was 89.76 ± 34.82 ml versus 106.65 ± 47.29 ml (P = 0.029) in groups CUF + MUF and MUF, respectively. Inotropic infusion requirements were significantly lower in the CUF + MUF group compared to the MUF group. EF and FAC were 14% and 5% higher at 45 min in group CUF + MUF, respectively.

Conclusions:

The advantage of combining CUF and MUF over MUF is the significant improvement in the hemodynamic status of patients, which significantly decreases the duration of mechanical ventilation, average CCU LOS, inotrope requirements after surgery, and chest tube drain in the first 48 h.
“Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block:” A randomized double-blind prospective study
Authors: Singh Taiyenjam Kennedy , Kumar Kuruva Anil , Singh Tongbram Yashobanta
Published: May 2024

Background:

The supraclavicular approach to the brachial plexus block is a regional anesthetic technique used as an alternative or adjunct to general anesthesia or used for postoperative pain control for upper extremity surgeries (midhumerus through the hand) and is characteristically associated with a rapid onset of anesthesia and a high success rate. With the increased availability of ultrasound in clinical practice, there is increased ability to identify the plexus with avoidance of vascular and pleural structures, with real time visualization of the needle.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, comparative study in patients who underwent upper limb surgeries. Group BD (n = 30): 0.5% inj bupivacaine(1.5mg/kg) with 1mcg/kg of inj. dexmedetomidine Group BF(n=30) : 0.5% inj bupivacaine(1.5mg/kg) with 1mcg/kg of inj.fentanyl data analysis was done using SPSS 17.0.

Results:

The time taken for the onset of sensory and motor blockade was shortened in Group BD compared to Group BF and it was statistically significant. The total duration of sensory, motor blockade, and analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group BD compared to Group BF.

Conclusion:

Our study shows the onset of sensory blockade was 8.53 ± 1.72 min in the dexmedetomidine group (BD) and 14.80 ± 1.73 min in the fentanyl group (BF) with P = 0.0001 which is statistically highly significant. Addition of dexmedetomidine was better in shortening the onset time of block, in prolonging the duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block and in improving the postoperative analgesia than the addition of fentanyl used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and it was without significant adverse effects in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries (mid-humerus through the hand).
Outcomes of hypospadias repair and factors associated: A study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Laishram Oken Singh , Pebam Manisana Singh , Sinam Nehar , Singh Akoijam Ibohal , Nepram Sanjib Singh , Laiphrakpam Angelica , Rajpurohit Manish
Published: May 2024

Background:

Hypospadias is the most common congenital abnormality of the urethra affecting 1 in 300 live male births worldwide. The results of hypospadias surgery are still frequently unfavorable with a reported complication rate as high as 50% or above.

Aims and Objective:

The aim of our study was to determine the demographics and analyze the surgical management and factors influencing the postoperative outcomes of hypospadias repair.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based prospective study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, for 2 years from December 2019 to November 2021. The study was conducted on 28 male patients who underwent hypospadias repair. Demographics, operative techniques reviewed, and the outcome of hypospadias repair were evaluated for results and complications.

Statistical Analysis:

Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and percentage were used to summarize the data. The Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test were used to see the associations between variables of interest and prognosis of repair. P < 0.05 was taken statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 28 male patients with a mean age of 7.46 ± 5.25 standard deviation presented for hypospadias repair. Mid-penile hypospadias was the most common type in the study population accounting for 60.71% of patients, followed by penoscrotal 35.71% of cases. 82.14% of the hypospadias were associated with some degree of chordee. Meatal stenosis, cryptorchidism, and inguinal hernia were observed in 17.8%, 3.57%, and 7.14%, respectively. 46.42% of hypospadias were repaired in two stages, while 25% were subjected to tubularized incised plate repair, and 28.57% of patients were repaired with the Asopa technique. The most common complications were edema and urethrocutaneous fistula. The complications were significantly lower in the hands of specialists than residents (P = 0.037). Two-stage repair has higher complications than single-stage repair (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Hypospadias surgery has a long learning curve because it requires a great deal of temperament, surgical skill, and acquaintance with magnifications along with knowledge of surgical anatomy. Regular periodic audits should also be performed to improve the outcome of the hypospadias repair.
Tubal cervical double ectopic pregnancy, missed diagnosis, and lessons from an extremely rare case with a systematic review of literature
Authors: Phijam Dhaneshwar , Nandeibam Yohen
Published: May 2024

A very rare form of heterotopic pregnancy where one of the ectopic gestational sacs is located in the fallopian tube and the other in the cervix uteri is being presented. Unlike the only other similar case reported, where tubal ectopic was managed with salpingectomy and the cervical ectopic was diagnosed after the salpingectomy, our case was that of missed diagnosis of tubal ectopic while focusing on medical management of the cervical ectopic pregnancy. Management options for such situation are being discussed, and a review on the management of CEP is presented with a focus on conservative medical therapy. Conservative treatment in case of tubal cervical double ectopic may be feasible with early diagnosis after ruling out adverse parameters.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mask Usage Among Patients in a Tertiary Dental Care Center
Authors: George Jinu , Kayyalakkal Mereesha , Koppara Fathimathu T. A. , Christalin R , Shaji Dhanya , Narayanankutty Subija K.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to mask use among patients visiting a tertiary dental care clinic through a structured self-administered questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study comprised dental outpatients at Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala. The questionnaire contained demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice questions about COVID-19. Data analysis included Chi-square testing and descriptive statistics.

Results:

A 99% response rate was achieved with 495 responses. There were 241 (49%) men and 254 (51%) women. The study had the most respondents aged 21 to 40 years (n = 220; 44.4%), followed by people older than 40 years (n = 204; 41.2%) and younger than 20 years (n = 71; 14.3%). There were statistically significant differences in age, education, and occupation with knowledge and significant differences in attitude and practice by occupation.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that dental patients are knowledgeable about health issues and disease prevention strategies. Positive attitudes toward infection prevention in dental clinics with higher levels of prevention practices against COVID-19 transmission rates were reported.
Comparative Analysis of Two Different Techniques for Ridge Preservation Following Tooth Extraction: A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Shaik Naseemoon , Rajoli Sai D. R. , Sarika P. S. , Bejagam Venkatesh , Shajahan Shifa F. , Snehika Ghanta
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Ridge preservation following tooth extraction is essential for maintaining the alveolar bone structure and facilitating successful dental implant placement. Various techniques have been proposed for this purpose, but there remains a need for comparative analysis to determine their efficacy.

Materials and Methods:

This clinical and radiographic study compared two different techniques for ridge preservation: Technique A and Technique B. Fifty patients requiring tooth extraction were randomly assigned to either Technique A or Technique B group. Clinical parameters including pain, swelling, and soft tissue healing were evaluated postoperatively. Radiographic assessments were conducted to measure the dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge at baseline and after 3 months using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Results:

In the Technique A group, postoperative pain scores averaged 2.3 (±0.5) on a visual analog scale (VAS), while in the Technique B group, the average pain score was 2.5 (±0.6). The swelling was minimal in both groups with no significant difference. Soft tissue healing was satisfactory in both groups. Radiographically, the mean vertical bone loss was 1.2 mm (±0.3) in the Technique A group and 0.9 mm (±0.4) in the Technique B group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Both Technique A and Technique B demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of postoperative discomfort and soft tissue healing. However, Technique B showed superior preservation of vertical ridge dimensions compared to Technique A. Therefore, Technique B may be considered more effective for ridge preservation following tooth extraction.
Comparing Oral Microbiota Changes after Pulpotomy/Pulpectomy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Saher Tazyeen , Wilson Bobby , Kuppusamy Kasthuripriya , Mishra Shweta , Chemblon Sherun Kandian , Dalal Dhanashree
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pediatric dental procedures like pulpotomy and pulpectomy are commonly performed to treat pulp-related dental issues in primary teeth. The choice of instrumentation, such as traditional rotary instruments or laser technology, can impact the oral microbiota. This study aims to compare the changes in oral microbiota following pulpotomy/pulpectomy in pediatric patients treated with traditional rotary instruments versus laser technology.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 pediatric patients, aged 4–10 years, requiring pulpotomy or pulpectomy were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (traditional) and group B (laser). In group A, traditional rotary instruments were used for pulp removal, while in group B, a dental laser was utilized. Saliva and plaque samples were collected before the procedure (baseline), immediately after the procedure, and at the one-month follow-up. Microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing to assess changes in the oral microbiota.

Results:

At baseline, both groups exhibited similar microbial diversity and composition. However, immediate post-procedure results showed a significant decrease in microbial diversity in both groups, with group B (laser) demonstrating a more pronounced reduction. At the one-month follow-up, group A (traditional) showed a partial recovery of microbial diversity, while group B (laser) continued to exhibit lower microbial diversity compared to baseline. Notably, group B (laser) displayed a shift in microbial composition with a decrease in pathogenic species and an increase in beneficial bacteria compared to group A.

Conclusion:

This study highlights that both traditional rotary instruments and laser technology have a significant impact on the oral microbiota of pediatric patients following pulpotomy/pulpectomy. While both methods initially reduce microbial diversity, laser treatment appears to have a more sustained effect, favoring the growth of beneficial bacteria over time. Further research is needed to assess the long-term clinical implications of these microbiota changes for the oral health of pediatric patients.
Prevalence and Patterns of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Geriatric Patients in India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ankit Kumar , Khan Yusra , Jaiswal Avinash , Rana Deepmala , Qurishi Ahtesham Ahmad , Pandey Shreya , Manek Pranav V.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Geriatric dentistry plays a pivotal role in addressing the oral health needs of the elderly population, who are prone to various age-related disorders affecting the oral mucosa. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among geriatric patients in India, considering factors, such as age, gender, and systemic diseases.

Methodology:

A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted, analyzing medical and clinical examination records of 354 geriatric patients attending a dental college/hospital between 2022 and 2023. Data on demographics, systemic diseases, oral habits, and denture usage were collected, and oral mucosal lesions were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Results:

Among the 354 subjects examined, oral mucosal lesions were observed in 54.66% of cases. Leukoplakia (19.49%) and lichen planus (17.80%) were the most prevalent lesions, followed by malignancy (12.99%) and denture stomatitis (9.04%). The prevalence varied across age-groups, with higher rates observed in individuals aged 60–70 years.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the significant burden of oral mucosal lesions among geriatric patients in India, underscoring the need for targeted preventive strategies and comprehensive oral healthcare interventions tailored to the specific needs of elderly individuals.
Awareness about COVID-19 among Patients Attending the Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Dental Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shaji Dhanya , Narayanankutty Subija Kunnumpurath , George Jinu , Rajan Divia Attuvalappil , Ramakrishnan Christalin , Ibrahim Shalmiya Karukappadath
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The study aimed to assess coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) knowledge among dental patients seeking treatment at a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Government Dental College Thrissur to assess dental patients’ COVID-19 awareness. Patients over 18 who attended the dental department and agreed to participate were included after obtaining the informed consent. A validated self-administered questionnaire study was done.

Results:

The sample had an average age of 39.68 ± 13.83 years. The study included 179 men (46.9%) and 203 women (53.1%). The t-test revealed statistically insignificant age and gender distribution (P = 0.59).

Conclusion:

The study found that dental patients at tertiary care were aware of the health issue, its potential spread, and preventive measures.
Exploring the Interface: A Case Series on Endoperio Lesions
Authors: Saha Sagorika , Abraham Dennis V , Mahilkar Sonal , Ghosal Rhitam , Agrawal Priyal , Ali Ahmed
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Endoperiodontal lesion is a result of pathological/inflammatory connections between pulpal and periodontal tissues via open structures like apical foramina, dentinal tubules, and lateral accessory canals. This case series deals with endoperio lesions in which regenerative treatment is performed post-root canal treatment (RCT). Post 6 months, results suggested uneventful healing with gain in clinical attachment level.
Oral Health Status, Dietary Intake, and Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Institutionalized Elderly in Bangalore
Authors: Rani Vishakha , Benjamin Niharika , Abhilash A , Bhasin Meenakshi , Bhamare Ruchira , Sinha Sneha
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary intake and oral health status and how oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) influences the institutionalized elderly population of Bangalore.

Methods and Materials:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to appraise the oral health and dietary intake of institutionalized elderly. Patients completed a validated questionnaire and a clinical evaluation. CPI index, loss of attachment (LoA), DMFT, prosthetic status, and prosthetic necessity were utilized to contrast OHQoL using the Chi-square test. The diet and OHQoL were compared using ANOVA.

Results:

This study surveyed 400 institutionalized elderly populations. The average age of the sample was 70.02 ± 8.149 years. LoA and DMFT were significantly associated with GOHAI’s functional domain (P = 0.000). CPI (P = 0.049) and DMFT index (P = 0.003) were associated with GOHAI pain/discomfort and psycho-social domains. The psycho-social domain was associated with an upper arch prosthesis status (P = 0.010). Subjects with good OHQoL consumed 1961.19 ± 479.33 calories, while those with poor OHQoL consumed 1814 ± 432.41 calories (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

According to the study findings, periodontal disease, decay, and missing teeth impaired OHQoL. The OHQoL was significantly declined with dietary intake.