bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue and Rutting Analysis of Asphaltic Pavement Using “KENLAYER” Software
Authors: Rind Touqeer Ali , Jhatial Ashfaque Ahmed , Sandhu Abdul Razzaque , Bhatti Imtiaz Ali , Ahmed Sajeel
Published: December 2019

Rutting and Fatigue are taken as main premature failures among all distresses, as these distresses have wide effect on performance of pavement. Sudden variation of heavy axle loaded vehicles, improper mix design and traditional design methodologies used in pavement design industries are major factors behind these failures. For proper performance and good serviceability, these premature distresses should be resisted. Thus, there is a need of using a Mechanistic based design methodology like KENPAVE software, so that traditional design errors should be overcome. KENLAYER is a part of KENPAVE software. KENLYER software tool is utilized to calculated accurately stresses and strains in asphaltic pavement that are ultimately used in calculating allowance for rutting and fatigue failure utilizing Asphalt Institute design models or formulas. Resistance to Rutting failure is checked by calculating vertical compressive stress at the top of soil sub-grade layer, while resistance to fatigue failure is checked by calculating horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of asphaltic layer using KENLAYER software tool. Thus, the object of this research study is to analyze a flexible pavement with respect to rutting and fatigue distresses using KENLAYER software tool. For achieving that objective NHA (N-55) section of road in Sehwan Pakistan was taken as a reference pavement. Pavement was analyzed by altering the thicknesses of bituminous courses by ± 25 percent. From that we obtained total 20 cross-sections to be analyzed using KENLAYER software in terms of Rutting and Fatigue premature failures.
Effect on the Compressive Strength of Mortars Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as a Partial Replacement of Cement
Authors: Sandhu Abdul Razzaque , Rind Touqeer Ali , Kalhoro Shahbaz Ali , Lohano Rahol , Laghari Faizan Hyder
Published: December 2019

Mortar is widely used in the construction industry for different purposes. Its compressive strength is the main parameter which is brought under focus. Compressive strength of mortars depends upon many factors such as water-cement ratio, fine aggregates size, and different curing conditions. This experimental study was undertaken to investigate the effect of GGBFS on compressive strength of mortars under different curing regimes using GGBFS as a partial replacement of cement. A total of 60 cubes of standard size of 2 x 2 x 2 inches were casted in laboratory, out of which 12 cubes each were prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% GGBFS replacement for cement. Cubes were cured for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Bases on obtained results it is observed that the maximum compressive strength was achieved by sample with 5% GGBFS, although 10% GGBFS samples achieved higher compressive strength than the control sample with 0% GGBFS. Further replacement beyond this value causes reduction in strength.
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Land Cover and Use Changes Using Gis Tools. Case Study Băneasa Neighborhood, Bucharest
Authors: Scăunaș Sofia , Păunescu C. , Merciu G.-L.
Published: December 2019

The paper topic is related to the use of Geographic Information System and remote sensing in analysing the spatio-temporal dynamics of a post-socialist city. The purpose of this study is to highlight the changes in the land use of the Băneasa neighbourhood, located in the northern part of the capital city of Romania. The changes have been analysed from the nineteenth century to the present. The authors used historical mapping using old maps, as well as digitizing aerial photographs using the Geographic Information System. There has been an accelerated territorial evolution in the last 70 years, marked by the impact of the socialist policy of intensive urbanization, when the urban-type systematization was applied through the construction of collective dwellings, to which were added some important industrial units. After 1990, the dynamics of the tertiary sector generated significant changes in the physiognomy of the urban landscape, observing the increase of the built space (commercial spaces, new residential areas) at the expense of green spaces, tree nurseries, greenhouses and industrial sites. The most recent stage of evolution, however, has brought the most profound changes in the landscape of the Băneasa district, as a result of the new political and socio-economic context, marked by the collapse of communism. Thus, in the last 30 years, the capital city has registered an uncontrolled urban growth dynamic, this being characteristic of other large urban centres at the national level as well favoured by less strict, inconsistent and incomplete urban legislation.
Recycling of Foundry Sand Wastes in Self-Compacting Mortars: Use as Cementitious Materials and Fine Aggregates
Authors: Sebki Ghania , Safi Brahim , Chahour Kahina
Published: December 2019

This work aims to study the possibility recycling of foundry sand wastes (FSW) as a cementations additive and fine aggregate in self-compacting mortars (SCM). For this, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of SCM. Firstly, sand is substituted by the foundry sand waste at dosages (0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) by weight of the sand. Secondly cement is partially substituted by crushed foundry sand waste at different ratio (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%) by weight of cement. The obtained results show that up to 50%, (FSW) can be used as fine aggregate for mortars without affecting the essential proprieties of mortar. However, beyond 50% of sand substitution, mortars lose their fluidity. The compressive strength of the mortars with 50% of cement substitution decreased compared to the control mortar. Value of the highest compressive strength recorded at 28 days, is of the order of 50 MPa for the mortar with 20% of cement substitution. Also, stress-strain curve show an acceptable mechanical behavior of FSW-based mortar at 50% of sand substitution.
Assessment of the Forest Health Through Remote Sensing Techniques in Valea Roșie Natura 2000 Site, Bihor County, Romania
Authors: Blaga L. , Josan Ioana , Herman G. V. , Grama V. , Nistor S. , Suba N.-Sz.
Published: December 2019

The present study deals with the estimation of the evolution tendency of the environmental stage of a protected habitat with predominant forest vegetation, during a short period of time, using techniques specific to remote sensing. Therefore, two important spectral indexes were tested while assessing the health of the forest ecosystems: i.e. the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Structure Insensitive Pigment Index (SIPI). The period of time taken into consideration for the study was, 2013 - 2019, having used medium resolution satellite photos, Landsat 8 OLI, having initially undergone standard pre-processing operations (resize data, radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction). The satellite images modified according to the Top of Atmosphere Reflectance and corrected topographically resulted into getting values for the two before mentioned indexes. The quantity-spatial results obtained, correlated to the monthly values of the precipitations processed in order to obtain the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), mostly reveal, in what SIPI and also NDVI are concerned, a slight decrease in the quality of the forest on the analysed area in the sense that the vegetation stress is increased under meteorological factors, expressed differently depending on the morphometric and pedological parameters of the habitat.
Data approximation using Lotka-Volterra models and a software minimization function
Authors: Fečkan M. , Pačuta J.
Published: December 2019

In recent years, a lot of effort has been put into finding suitable mathematical models that fit historical data set. Such models often include coefficients and the accuracy of data approximation depends on them. So the goal is to choose the unknown coefficients to achieve the best possible approximation of data by the corresponding solution of the model. One of the standard methods for coefficient estimation is the least square method. This can provide us data approximation but it can also serve as a starting method for further minimizations such as Matlab function fminsearch.
Towards the non-stretchable and non-elongating string with stress-strain handling
Authors: Ďurikovič R. , Siebenstich E.
Published: December 2019

We propose an approach for real-time physically semi-realistic animation of strings which directly manipulates the string positions by position based dynamics. The main advantage of a position based dynamics is its controllability. Instability problems of explicit integration schemes can be avoided. Specifically, we offer the following three contributions. We introduce the non-elongating and non-stretchable mass spring dynamics model based on Position Based Dynamics to simulate 1D string. We introduce a method for propagating the twisting angle along the chain of segments. In addition, we solve collision constraints by regularly distributing the spheres along the chain segments followed by particle projection to validate the positions. Proposed strain limiting constraint can handle the strings fixed in multiple locations contrary to single fixed side as is common for hair models. The use of multiple constraints provides an efficient treatment for stiff twisting and non-stretchable mass spring dynamics model.
Statistical learning for recommending (robust) nonlinear regression methods
Authors: Kalina J. , Tichavský J.
Published: December 2019

We are interested in comparing the performance of various nonlinear estimators of parameters of the standard nonlinear regression model. While the standard nonlinear least squares estimator is vulnerable to the presence of outlying measurements in the data, there exist several robust alternatives. However, it is not clear which estimator should be used for a given dataset and this question remains extremely difficult (or perhaps infeasible) to be answered theoretically. Metalearning represents a computationally intensive methodology for optimal selection of algorithms (or methods) and is used here to predict the most suitable nonlinear estimator for a particular dataset. The classification rule is learned over a training database of 24 publicly available datasets. The results of the primary learning give an interesting argument in favor of the nonlinear least weighted squares estimator, which turns out to be the most suitable one for the majority of datasets. The subsequent metalearning reveals that tests of normality and heteroscedasticity play a crucial role in finding the most suitable nonlinear estimator.
Colloquial Lexemes in Journalistic Texts
Authors: Jasinská Lucia
Published: December 2019

In our paper we mainly focus on the research of colloquial lexical units in journalistic texts. The aim of the research is colloquiality as a marked attribute of journalistic texts. At first we define the terms hovorovosť (colloquiality) (also in relation to the term hovorenosť (spokenness)) and hovorový (colloquial). Since the point was the research of “living language” – represented by field of journalism – our source material were journalistic texts from the database of the Slovak National Corpus. The number of occurrence of colloquial lexical units was recorded according to their absolute frequency and the results were categorized and interpreted. The most frequented means of expression were verified in current lexicographic processing and the changes of the indicator of colloquiality was studied. With style parameters in background, we evaluated the markedness of the vocabulary of analyzed journalistic texts.
Frequency in Corpora as a Signal of Lexicalization (On the Absolute Usage of Comparative and Superlative Adjectives)
Authors: Kochová Pavla
Published: December 2019

The study deals with the category of comparison of Czech adjectives from the semantic point of view; it concentrates especially on the so-called absolute (or elative) usage of comparatives and the absolute usage of superlatives and their lexicographic treatment (or absence of the lexicographic treatment) in Czech monolingual dictionaries. The question is whether their frequency in corpora can prove lexicalization of this usage.
On the Valency of Various Types of Adverbs and Its Lexicographic Description
Authors: Sláma Jakub , Štěpánková Barbora
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with the neglected issue of the valency of adverbs. After providing a brief theoretical background, a procedure is presented of extracting the list of potentially valent adverbs from two syntactically parsed corpora of Czech, SYN2015 and PDT. Taking note of the methodological and theoretical problems surrounding this task, especially those relating to the fuzzy boundaries of word classes, we outline the types of adverbs identified as having valency properties. Where appropriate, we comment on – and occasionally suggest improvements in – the lexicographic treatment of valent adverbs.
The Synchronic Dynamics of Words Ending in -ita/-osť
Authors: Šimková Mária
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on the potential of using corpora to study manifestations of the synchronic dynamics of language and on the analysis of how words with the suffixes -ita/-osť function in contemporary texts. The analysis is based on data from the Slovak National Corpus: the corpus of older texts (texts from 1955 to 1989), the primary corpus (texts from 1955 to 2017, especially since 2000), and the corpus of online texts (until 2017). A comparison of the frequency and collocations of the analyzed words shows the dynamics of these microsystems in the language of the previous and the current period.
Slovak Comparative Correlatives: New Insights
Authors: Horsch Jakob
Published: December 2019

Comparative Correlatives (CCs) are structures that have attracted substantial interest. In Slovak, they typically look like the following proverb:

Čím bližšie Rím, tým horší kresťan.

‘The closer (to) Rome, the worse the Christian.’

So far, no extensive research has been conducted on CCs in Slavic languages except Polish [1]. In Slovak, CCs have not received a great deal of attention. Accordingly, this study examines the various forms of CCs in a Slovak National Corpus (SNC) random sample of 500 tokens, showing that there is much more variety than has been acknowledged in the literature. Frequencies will be used to show that there are iconic structures, and it will be argued that there are construction-specific properties that suggest the existence of a specific CC construction in Slovak.
Analysis of Verbal Prepositional “of” Structures
Authors: Hudcovičová Marianna
Published: December 2019

The article presents empirical research of verbal prepositional “of“ structures, grammatical collocations of the verb and the preposition OF. The preposition OF belongs among the most frequent prepositions in the English language. The study is based on comparisons of English and Czech sentences containing verbs and prepositions that are followed by the object. Material was taken from the electronic data bank Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank 2.0. The structures were examined and analyzed from morphological, syntactical and semantic points of view. The aim of the study is to create English-Czech verbal prepositional counterparts; to create verbal prepositional groups on the grounds of the similar semantic, syntactic features; to identify the features that are the same for each verb group and generalize them; to identify trends and tendencies for verbs when they collocate with a certain preposition. The findings are presented in several charts and tables.
In which Clause do Subordinate Conjunctions Prosodically Belong?
Authors: Komrsková Zuzana , Poukarová Petra
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with the position of three Czech subordinating conjunctions že ’that’, když ‘when’, and až ‘when’ within the prosodic word, using the phonetic annotation in the ORTOFON corpus. The position of subordinating conjunctions is traditionally described as initial within the subordinate clause, but the situation in spontaneous speech is not so clear. This paper shows the functional differences between the various positions within the prosodic word and presents the words which are most frequently combined with the selected conjunctions.
Russian Indefinite Pronoun kakoj-libo: Non-Standard Usage and Changes in the Semantics
Authors: Kuvshinskaya Yulia
Published: December 2019

The paper deals with meaning and use of an indefinite pronoun kakojlibo ‘any/some’ in the modern Russian language. Research based on corpus data revealed non-standard usage of the pronoun kakoj-libo ‘any/some’. The paper describes main types of the deviations and evaluates their pragmatic and semantic effect. Finally, tendencies of the change in semantics and use of these pronouns are characterized.
Analysis of the Lemma Mateřství (Motherhood)
Authors: Černá Zuzana , Čech Radek
Published: December 2019

The paper presents results of analysis of the lemma mateřství ‘motherhood’. The authors applied methods of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis – the corpus assisted discourse studies approach – in order to survey representations of the lemma in Czech journalistic texts published from 2010 to 2014, sorted the results into discourse categories on the basis of collocation and concordance analysis, and found out that chief referential discourse-of-motherhood categories were surrogate motherhood, relationship of motherhood and career, delight from motherhood, family relationships, financial and time aspects of motherhood, changes brought by motherhood, and active motherhood. Surrogate motherhood was presented as a solution to women who cannot have a baby themselves, nevertheless also as a complicated issue, in which case emphasis was put on relevant legislation. Motherhood was presented as a danger for a woman’s career, however also as a source of joy, an essential relationship within a family, a right for financial support from the state, a life change, an activity, and an entity closely connected to time factors.
Wackernagel’s Position and Contact Position of Pronominal Enclitics in Older Czech. Competition or Cooperation?
Authors: Čech Radek , Kosek Pavel , Navrátilová Olga , Mačutek Ján
Published: December 2019

The paper focuses on analyzing the relationship among word order positions of pronominal enclitics in the history of Czech. Specifically, we look at the Wackernagel’s position and the contact position and we try to decide whether these two positions compete, as usually taken for granted, or whether there is a certain kind of cooperation between them. The results show that the positions do not compete, at least not in the majority of cases. We used a corpus-based on selected books of the first edition of the Old Czech Bible and Kralice Bible for the analysis.
Frequency Dictionary of 16th Century Cyrillic Written Monument
Authors: Nika Oksana , Hrytsyna Svitlana
Published: December 2019

The article presents the algorithm of the frequency dictionary to an original ancient text, “Otpys” (“Response”) by Kliryk Ostrozkyi (the Cleric of Ostroh) of the late 16th century. Until now, no historical corpus of text of the Ukrainian language has been created; therefore the drafting of metagraphical texts with their subsequent processing in accordance with linguistic tasks can fill this gap. The peculiarity of creating a frequency dictionary based on one written monument is in using the model of frequency dictionaries and describing the specifics of processing the ancient text. These specifics is based on a deep understanding of the state of language in the end of the 16th century and consists in the unification of graphic and spelling variants, as well as in the formation of stems and lemmas. Work results are presented in the form of a Frequency Dictionary of Word Forms of “Otpys” by Kliryk Ostrozkyi according to the frequency decrease and a Frequency Dictionary of “Otpys” by Kliryk Ostrozkyi according to the frequency decrease.
Gender-Specific Adjectives in Czech Newspapers and Magazines
Authors: Zasina Adrian Jan
Published: December 2019

This study is one of the few studies dealing with gender in the Czech language using corpus methods. It focuses on the issue of gender in Czech journalistic texts from the years 2010–2014. The main goal was to investigate the extent of stereotypical images of men and women in the press. This analysis is based on adjectival collocations of the lexemes muž ‘man’ and žena ‘woman’ and their semantic categorization. The research uses a journalistic part of the SYN2015 corpus. First, gender-specific adjectival collocates were identified. Second, adjectival collocates were classified into semantic categories and analyzed within journalistic genres. This study has shown that certain adjectives tend to co-occur with one of the examined lexemes and project a gender-stereotypical image of men and women within particular journalistic genres. It was confirmed that men are strongly associated with age specification, strength, appearance, and negative situations as a subject of crime, whereas women are related to motherhood, attractiveness, ethnicity, nationality, and are more often seen as victims of crime.
Relevant Criteria for Selection of Spoken Data: Theory Meets Practice
Authors: Kopřivová Marie , Komrsková Zuzana , Poukarová Petra , Lukeš David
Published: December 2019

The present paper seeks to review relevant criteria used in classifying speech events (SEs) from the perspective of spoken corpus design. The primary goal is to survey the landscape of possible types of spoken language, so as to assess in which directions the coverage of spoken Czech offered by Czech National Corpus corpora can be expanded in the future. We approach the problem from both theoretical and practical points of view, examining what the theoretical literature has to say as well as approaches implemented in practice by existing spoken corpora of various languages. We then synthesize the obtained information into a pragmatically motivated set of SE classification criteria which does not aspire to be universal or definitive but aims to serve as a useful guiding principle and conceptual framework for understanding and promoting SE diversity when collecting spoken data.
Annotations in the Corpus of Texts of Students Learning Slovak as a Foreign Language (ERRKORP)
Authors: Mošaťová Michaela , Gajdošová Katarína
Published: December 2019

The article presents the upcoming acquisition corpus of written texts of students learning Slovak as a Foreign Language and focuses on the annotation of texts, which includes information about the text as well as social and linguistic details about the student. The article also discusses the tags that identify individual errors in the texts and concept of creating the tagset itself.
Modifications of the Czech Morphological Dictionary for Consistent Corpus Annotation
Authors: Hlaváčová Jaroslava , Mikulová Marie , Štěpánková Barbora , Hajič Jan
Published: December 2019

We describe systematic changes that have been made to the Czech morphological dictionary related to annotating new data within the project of Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT). We bring new solutions to several complicated morphological features that occur in Czech texts. We introduced two new parts of speech, namely foreign word and segment. We adopted new principles for morphological analysis of global and inflectional variants, homonymous lemmas, abbreviations and aggregates. The changes were initiated by the need of consistency between the data and the dictionary and of the dictionary itself.
Levels of Annotation in the Slovene Training Corpus ssj500k 2.2
Authors: Bon Mija , Gantar Polona
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the Slovene Training Corpus ssj500k 2.2, which has been annotated on the levels of tokenization, sentence segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, lemmatization, syntactic dependencies, named entities, verbal multi-word expressions, and semantic role labeling. It describes the individual layers of annotation and shows the scope of using the training corpus in the production of various lexicons, such as the lexicon of multi-word units and the valency lexicon of modern Slovene. It concludes by presenting our future work, i.e. the annotation of multi-word expressions based on the Slovene Lexical Database.
Meaning and Semantic Roles in CzEngClass Lexicon
Authors: Urešová Zdeňka , Fučíková Eva , Hajičová Eva , Hajič Jan
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on Semantic Roles, an important component of studies in lexical semantics, as they are captured as part of a bilingual (Czech-English) synonym lexicon called CzEngClass. This lexicon builds upon the existing valency lexicons included within the framework of the annotation of the various Prague Dependency Treebanks. The present analysis of Semantic Roles is being approached from the Functional Generative Description point of view and supported by the textual evidence taken specifically from the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank.
Introducing Semantic Labels into the DeriNet Network
Authors: Ševčíková Magda , Kyjánek Lukáš
Published: December 2019

The paper describes a semi-automatic procedure introducing semantic labels into the DeriNet network, which is a large, freely available resource modeling derivational relations in the lexicon of Czech. The data were assigned labels corresponding to five semantic categories (diminutives, possessives, female nouns, iteratives, and aspectual meanings) by a machine learning model, which achieved excellent results in terms of both precision and recall.
Processing of Derivational Features for (Semi)Automatic Creation of Dictionary Definitions in the User Interface (CZEDD) for Learning Czech as a Second Language: Suffix -tel and -ista
Authors: Citterberg Erik , Válková Adriana
Published: December 2019

This work-in-progress paper presents the tool CZEDD which enables the user to learn how to predict the meaning of words. The CZEDD consists of (semi) automatic definitions for derived words because a lot of these words have predictable lexical meaning. The tool will be intended for foreigners who learn the Czech language and it could be useful as a dictionary and/or translator in which the definitions based on the word’s structure are stored. Two detailed case examples (the suffix -tel, and the suffix -ista) illustrate the approach.
Conception and Development of an Open Database System on Historical Multilingualism in Austria
Authors: Prochazka Katharina , Breuer Ludwig Maximilian , Kim Agnes
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses the development and structure of an online information system, which aims to gather and visualize data on historical multilingualism in Austria (German: historische Mehrsprachigkeit in Österreich, short: MiÖ), with a particular focus on Slavic languages. The database tracks the development of multilingualism over time, its distribution in space and its representation in literature, therefore allowing to examine its dynamics and change. As an example, we investigate the area of the so-called Marchfeld (č./sk. Moravské pole). The paper further discusses how the database is embedded into the collaborative research platform of the Special Research Program “German in Austria (DiÖ)” as well as its technical realization and the possibility to include data from other related research projects.
On Possibilities and Methods of Analysis of Thematic Expressions in Spoken Texts
Authors: Pořízka Petr
Published: December 2019

The treatise focuses on mutual comparison of three methods of detection of prominent text units (prominent in relation to the contents of the text). The methods are: 1) analysis of key words based on comparison of source and referential corpora, 2) thematic concentration and h-point, and 3) the TF*IDF method. We try to thematize their pros and cons and, using the results of the carried out analyses, propose the optimal method for the extraction of thematic words from the spoken texts the frequency structure of which differs distinctly from the frequency structure of written texts.
Identification of Spontaneous Spoken Texts in Slovak
Authors: Sabo Róbert , Krammer Peter , Mojžiš Ján , Kvassay Marcel
Published: December 2019

We propose a text classification method for the purpose of creating a language model for automatic recognition of spontaneous spoken speech. Transcripts from our departmental speech database served as spontaneous spoken texts. Using supervised machine learning methods, we have created multiple classification models (including neural networks), that were able to distinguish them from written texts with high accuracy. We subsequently verified the accuracy of our trained models on a database of texts containing direct speech extracted from newspaper articles.
Affordable Annotation of the Mobile App Reviews
Authors: Grác Marek , Masopustová Markéta , Valíčková Marie
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on the use-case study of the annotation of the mobile app reviews from Google Play and Apple Store. These annotations of sentiment polarity were created for later use in the automatic processing based on machine learning. This should solve some of the problems encountered in the previous analyses of the Czech language where data assumptions play a greater role than annotation itself (due to the financial constraints). Our proposal shows that some of the assumptions used for English do not apply to Czech and that it is possible to annotate such data without extensive financing.
The oxidation kinetics of depleted uranium and its low-alloy molybdenum alloys in moist air
Authors: Chmela T. , Krupička P.
Published: December 2019

The oxidation kinetics of depleted uranium and its low-alloy molybdenum alloys (U-2wt.%Mo, U-5wt.%Mo) were measured in a moist air (75% relative humidity) at 60 and 75 ° C. Coefficients of reaction rate equations were determined for linear oxidation kinetics. In the oxidation of depleted uranium at 75 ° C, a change in reaction kinetics from linear to exponential behaviour was observed after about 2500 hours.
Corrosion-mechanical behavior of gas main steel in saline soils
Authors: Poberezhny L. , Stanetsky A. , Grytsuliak G. , Poberezhna L. , Kosmii M. , Hrytsanchuk A.
Published: December 2019

The study of the deformation behavior of the pipeline material in conditions of loads and influences simulating the operation allows better estimation of the residual life of the pipelines and more accurate forecasting of the operating costs. The kinetics of deformation in 6 model environments simulating soil electrolytes was studied. Corrosion-mechanical tests were performed and the impact of the soil electrolyte chemical composition and the applied mechanical stresses on the corrosion behavior of the pipeline steel was studied. Significant increase in the corrosion activity of the soil electrolyte due to the synergistic effect of the corrosion-active components was found in the specified ratios of the ionic molar concentrations of sulphate and chloride ions (0.05 M: 0.1 M).
Corrosion and corrosion inhibition in an environment of ethanol – gasoline blends
Authors: Matějovský L. , Pleyer O. , Macák J.
Published: December 2019

Ethanol produced from renewable resources is considered as an ecological substitute for a fossil gasoline. Ethanol blended with the fossil gasoline is able to significantly change the properties of the blended fuel as polarity, conductivity, ability to absorb air humidity and ability to dissolve a high percentage of water etc. All these properties are growing with an increasing content of ethanol and all of them can cause higher corrosivity of blended fuel. Material compatibility of metalic construction materials of the vehicle fuel system is also decreased in the environment of ethanol – gasoline blends (EGB’s). Furthermore, components of production, transport and storage equipment may be at risk of corrosion. EGB’s with an ethanol content of about 60% vol. show high corrosive aggressivness, especially if they are contaminated with water and trace amounts of ion, which may occur if proper storage, transport and production conditions are violated. Losses caused by corrosion of equipment may be prevented by using of suitable additive. Diethylenetriamine (DETA) can be used as such additive for the mild steel which is one of the most commonly used construction material. When DETA is used, it shows very high efficiency.
Survey and restoration of outdoor glass reinforced polyester sculptures
Authors: Knotek V. , Červinka J. , Křenková Z.
Published: December 2019

The beginning of the use of polyester resins for artistic work date back to the late 1950s. Initially, resins were supposed to temporarily replace and imitate traditional but more expensive sculptural materials (stone, bronze). Later, original, especially fiberglass works were created, where the laminate formed a shell connected to the internal supporting steel structure. Until now, only part of the exterior works of art made of polyester resins have been survived. Although polyester resins are considered to have good weather resistance, most exterior sculptures exhibit more or less severe defects, often resulting from neglected maintenance. The main types of defects occurring in polyester fiberglass works are presented. The most serious damage is cracks in the entire thickness of the shell, because water can easily penetrate to the internal steel structure. In the case of prolonged water penetration, the statue may collapse due to corrosion. The article presents the procedure of exploring the fiberglass sculpture from the 1950s with the introduction of suitable methods for the documentation of the state of the work. Finally, suitable restoration interventions to maximize the life of the statues are discussed.
Automation Marketing in Research Unit — Real Value or Effectiveness Fantasy
Authors: Jarosławska-Sobór Sylwia , Dulewski Mateusz , Wasilewski Filip
Published: December 2019

The aim of the article is to present the issue of Marketing Automation (MA, automation of marketing) and the possibilities of its use in the operational activity of research and scientific entities. MA is a modern, advanced technological solution aimed at improving marketing processes and wider use of data on the market and customers. In recent years it has been one of the most important trends in modern marketing, at the same time posing a real challenge for organizations operating in the field of science and research. The article discusses the experience of the Central Mining Institute, related to the implementation of solutions such as Marketing Automation, treated here as a case study.
Social Media as a Source of Information About Universities Among Candidates for Studies
Authors: Stachowiak-Krzyżan Magda
Published: December 2019

The main goal of the article is to indicate the importance of social media in the process of seeking information about universities by potential candidates for studies. To realize the set goal, quantitative research was carried out among a group of high school students, using the auditorium survey technique. The youth questionnaire was collected via the questionnaire for information sources used in the decision-making process about the choice of the future educational path. The conducted research confirmed that social media are one of the most important sources of information about universities, just after personal sources such as family and friends.
Leaders in focus: generational differences from a personality-centric perspective
Authors: Bălan Mădălina , Marin Silvia , Mitan Andreea , Pînzaru Florina , Vătămănescu Elena-Mădălina , Zbuchea Alexandra
Published: December 2019

The generational differences among leaders have progressively captured the attention of both researchers and practitioners interested in their dynamics within the work environment. Many analyses in this respect have been focused on the differences between Millennials (Generation Y) and Generation X members from a personality-centric perspective, the great majority of the examinations revolving around Western research samples. By acknowledging the current state and assuming the calls for further investigations advanced by various researchers, this conceptual and empirical undertaking aims to provide an exploratory outlook on generational differences among Romanian leaders, by employing worldwide reputed research instruments such as the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), Hogan Development Survey (HDS) and Motives, Values, Preferences Inventory (MVPI). A sample of over 700 subjects was considered in the running of the statistical analyses, thus allowing to draw pertinent conclusions apposite to the envisaged population. Even though statistically significant findings were retrieved on few scales pertaining to the three applied instruments, one key insight advanced by the present endeavor resides in the extension of the scope of the existing literature dedicated to the generational differences from a leadership perspective via the integration of an Eastern European landscape which adds to the evidence in the field and opens up new research challenges for complementary scrutiny.
How authentic leadership promotes individual knowledge sharing: viewing from the lens of COR theory
Authors: Tran Huy Phuong
Published: December 2019

Fostering knowledge sharing has been one of the most vital tasks for organizations in the knowledge based economy. Thus, investigating the antecedents of knowledge sharing behavior is of great interest to both academics and practitioners. The impact of leadership on knowledge sharing has been reported in the literature. However, the direct and indirect impacts of authentic leadership on knowledge sharing is under-researched. Furthermore, because knowledge is an individual resource, knowledge sharing can be investigated in the light of the conservation of resource theory. This study applies conservation of resource theory to examine the influence of authentic leadership on knowledge sharing with relational psychological contract and organizational based self-esteem as mediators. Data collected from survey using questionnaire were used to test the hypotheses in a quantitative research design. Structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques are applied for data analysis. The results showed that authentic leadership positively and significantly influence individual knowledge sharing. Furthermore, relational psychological contract and organizational based self-esteem have been found to mediate the above relationship. Discussion of research findings, theoretical and practical implications are also detailed. Finally, the study outlines limitations of research and provides directions for further knowledge sharing studies.
Estimating fuel price volatility and spillover effects across different European countries
Authors: Kubinschi Matei , Barnea Dinu , Zlatcu Iuliana
Published: December 2019

This paper analyses the volatility of retail fuel prices in nine different EU countries and the spillover effects between fuel prices across selected countries from Central and Eastern Europe and the Eurozone over the 2008-2019 period. In particular, we use the GARCH-GJR model in order to investigate fuel price volatility and identify potential asymmetric dynamics. Moreover, in order to assess the links between fuel prices across countries, we estimate a VAR model and compute spillover measures using the Generalised Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (GFEVD) approach formulated by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009). Our results provide evidence of weak links between retail fuel prices across EU countries, with slightly higher spillovers originating from some developed economies such as France and Italy.
Polish nursing into the future – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Timmins Fiona
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Polish nursing has experienced rapid and unprecedented evolutionary change. Recent and ongoing changes to preparatory nurse education have heralded a profound change for the profession. At the same time the nursing profession itself has experienced unprecedented development in terms of changing roles and expanded practice. While the growth of professional is ongoing there are many challenges to this in terms of staffing shortages, an aging workforce and changing illness trajectories. While a committed workforce, nurses are challenged to maintain quality standards in the context of these challenges.

Aim. This paper explores the responses and responsibilities required of the profession to face ongoing changes in medicine, health and society as well as policy and professional changes. The leadership required to successfully steer and negotiate this ongoing transformation will be discussed.
Comparative Analysis of Kinetics Parameters During Different Landing After Split Front Leaps
Authors: Błażkiewicz Michalina , Kępczyński Andrzej , Wit Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Introduction.
Dance and rhythmic gymnastics are high leap demanding sports. Leaps are fundamental human movements that require complex motor coordination of both the upper and lower body extremities. The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics parameters of two types of landing after performing front split leaps.

Material and methods.
Fifteen high-level acrobatic gymnasts with a mean age of 22 ± 2.76 years and mean training experience of 12.27 ± 2.34 years participated in the study. Examinations of kinetics parameters of the movements analysed were carried out using the Vicon system and Kistler plates. Gymnasts completed front split leaps with balanced landing (arabesque position) and moving landing (continued movement).

Results.
Values of vertical ground reaction force and values of muscle torque in the hip joint were statistically significant higher (p < 0.001) for balanced landing. The value of leg stiffness was also significantly (p < 0.001) higher for balanced landing (5.69 ± 2.45 kN/m) compared to moving landing (1.89 ± 0.43 kN/m). For balanced landing, the sequence of maximal peaks of torques from the highest to the lowest values were found in the hip (5.81 ± 1.06 Nm/kg), ankle (3.56 ± 0.71 Nm/kg), and knee (2.01 ± 0.75 Nm/kg) joints. For the split leap with moving landing, the most loaded joints, in descending order, were the ankle (3.50 ± 0.42 Nm/kg), hip (3.39 ± 0.78 Nm/kg), and knee (2.21 ± 0.57 Nm/kg) joints.

Conclusions.
The findings of the study can help to improve the methodology of training the technique and protect gymnasts and dancers against unnecessary injuries.
Agility and Coordination Testing in Hand-to-Hand Combat Sports
Authors: Platonov Vladimir , Nikitenko Aleksei
Published: December 2019

Introduction.
The aim of the study is to analyse existing tests for assessing agility in combat sports and martial arts, as well as to develop new tests and to test their effectiveness.

Material and methods.
The study involved 16 athletes at various competitive levels specialising in hand-to-hand combat. It used the following methods: review of specialised literature along with policy and normative documents, an expert survey, testing, instrumental methods of assessing psychophysical capabilities, a pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics.

Results.
The article clearly delineates the concepts of “agility” and “coordination”. It was found that most of the exercise tests recommended for assessing agility actually only evaluate coordination, without taking into account unexpected and unpredictable situations, which are the key components of agility. While some tests allow for the assessment of agility, they are based on motor actions which are non-specific for combat sports. Moreover, the use of computer-based techniques for studying the visual-motor reaction has proven to be ineffective for assessing agility in sports.

Conclusions.
The article proposed three variants of specialised tests for assessing agility in motor actions specific for hand-to-hand combat. According to the results of all the three tests, the programme proposed for the development of agility and coordination caused a significant improvement in the level of agility in six months.
Three-Week Intensive Neuromuscular Training Improves Postural Control in Professional Male Soccer Players
Authors: Kowalczyk Małgorzata , Tomaszewski Paweł , Bartoszek Natalia , Popieluch Marcin
Published: December 2019

Introduction.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a short-term, three-week intensive neuromuscular training programme on the postural stability of professional soccer players and to establish whether lower-limb dominance affects one-leg stability.

Material and methods.
The experimental group consisted of 16 professional male soccer players, and the control group included 20 professional soccer players who did not undergo any additional training. The experimental group was provided with three-stage progressive training twice a day over a three-week period during the preparatory period and then trained twice per week in-season for a period of 5 months. The experimental subjects were evaluated with the use of a stabilographic platform before the programme, 3 weeks into the programme, and finally after 5 months from its commencement. Total centre of pressure (COP) sway path was measured during one leg stance for the dominant and non-dominant leg with eyes open and closed.

Results.
After three weeks of training, the experimental group showed a significantly shorter COP path for the measurements taken with both open (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.28) and closed eyes (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.09) compared to the initial results. It was found that the training effects were sustained five months into the training programme for the tests with eyes open (p < 0.001) and eyes closed (p < 0.05). The control group, however, showed no such improvement during that time. No differences were found between the limbs in either of the groups.

Conclusions.
Neuromuscular training can be effective for postural control improvement in professional male soccer players within a short period of time. Leg dominance does not affect one-leg stability.
Sex-Mediated Differences Among University Students Performing Extreme Physical Activity During the 3-Minute Burpee Test
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Żurek Piotr , Clark Cain C.T. , Ihash Ferenc , Kozina Zhanneta , Omelan Aneta
Published: December 2019

Introduction.
The aim of this study was to evaluate sex differences in anthropometric indicators, body composition, physical fitness, and physiological parameters in young women and men performing extremely strenuous exercise during the 3-Minute Burpee Test (3-MBT). Post-exercise recovery during a 6-minute break was determined in the tested subjects.

Material and methods.
Ninety-six university students volunteered to take part in this study (45 women aged 20.05 ± 1.81 years and 51 men aged 20.20 ± 2.71 years). Endurance-strength abilities were determined during the 3-MBT motor fitness test, and body composition was determined with an InBody720 analyser. Data were analysed using a Mann-Whitney U test, with statistical significance accepted at p ≤ 0.05.

Results.
The anthropometric indicators, body composition parameters, physical fitness levels (47.22 cycles/3 min), and physiological parameters measured during the 3-MBT were significantly higher in men (VO2avg – 41.57 mL/kg/min, VO2max – 49.67 mL/kg/min, EPOCavg – 11.02mL/kg, and EPOCpeak – 27.84mL/kg) than in women. Women were characterised by significantly higher (p < 0.05) body fat mass (BFM = 18.80 kg) and percent body fat (PBF 28.26%) than men.

Conclusions.
Male subjects were characterised by higher values of anthropometric indicators, body composition parameters (excluding body fat), motor fitness levels, and physiological parameters than women, and endurance-strength abilities were 23.75% higher, on average, in men than women.