bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity, Organic Matter, and Zinc Nano-Fertilizer on the Productivity of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Ali Khaled Obaid , Al-Meekh Mohammad Tarkhan Abo , Abdul-Ammer Hammeed Kadhum
Published: November 2023

In accordance with the randomized full block design, In the Al-Mahaweel district, Al-Imam hand, and Al-Birawi region, a field experiment was conducted in a soil with a texture of silty clay loam categorized as the primary typic torrifluvent group (RCBD), Examining the effects of irrigation water quality, organic matter, the amount of zinc nano-fertilizer sprayed on the plant, and the interaction of the research components on sunflower crop production using a split plot experiment with three replications, Three separate factors were used in the experiment: irrigation with four various amounts of organic fertilizer (zero), 20 tons/ha of cow and sheep dung, and three different concentrations of zinc nanofertilizer (0, 1.5, and 3 g). Organic matter significantly improved the yield characteristics of sunflowers, such as disc diameter, number of seeds per disc, weight of 500 seeds, and overall yield, as compared to spraying with nano-Zinc. The three elements’ interplay significantly affected sunflower productivity. On March 5, 2022, the seeds were sown using cork dishes and a midwife-led method. The seeds were luleo varieties from a French breeder. The midwives were transferred to the permanent location after 30 days. The findings showed that increasing the salt content of the irrigation water significantly decreased the values of disc diameter, number of seeds per disc, weight of 500 seeds, and overall yield of sunflower plants.
The Influence of Glomus Mosseae, Palm Frond Compost and Irrigation Duration on the Growth of Millet Plant (Panicum miliaceum L.) and on the Availability of Iron and Zinc in the Soil
Authors: Shubar Karrar Ali Karim , Kamal Jawad Abdul-Kadhm
Published: November 2023

To study the effect of inoculation with Gloums Mosseae inoculum, organic residues (palm fronds compost), and irrigation duration on the growth and availability of iron and zinc for millet plant Pamicum Miliaceum L., a field trial was carried out for the summer season 2022 in one of the fields of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate - Sumer district in sandy clay loamy soil. The experiment was implemented following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental treatments were distributed randomly. They were: with and without fungal inoculum (F0 and F1), three levels of organic residue applications C0 = control, C1 = 3 tons of compost application, C2 = 5 tons of compost application, and three irrigation durations R1= Irrigation every 10 days, R2 = irrigation every 15 days, R3 = irrigation every 20 days. The results are summarized as follows: The results present a significant increase in all the studied traits, plant height, shoot dry weight, and iron concentration in the soil during the flowering and full maturity stages, except for the zinc concentration in the soil, which the increase was not significant. The values of these traits were 88.84 cm plant-1, 56.15 gm plant-1, 290.2 mg Fe kg soil-1, and 230.9 mg Fe kg soil-1, respectively, compared to the control treatment (no application + irrigating every twenty days) 50.62 cm plant-1, 23.53 g plant-1, 135.4 mg Fe kg soil-1,120.8 mg Fe kg soil-1.
The Effect of Inoculum with the Glomus mosseae and Palm Frond Detritus on the Yield of Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and the Ratio of Protein to Proline under Varying Irrigation Levels
Authors: Shubbar Karrar Ali Karim , Kamal Jawad Abdul-Kadhm
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of Gloums Mosseae fungus and palm fronds detritus (compost) on the yield of millet crop (panicum miliaceum L.) and the ratio of protein to proline at various irrigation levels. A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields in the Sumer District of the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate during the summer of 2022. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this experiment with three replications. The treatments were distributed randomly. Two levels of fungal inoculation (F1 = inoculation with Glomus Mosseae, F0 = control), three levels of compost (C1 = application of 3 tons of palm frond compost, C2 = application of 5 tons of palm frond compost, C0 = control) and three irrigation duration (R1 = irrigation every ten days, R2 = irrigation every fifteen days, R3 = irrigation every twenty days). The results present a significant increase in all the studied traits (grain yield, biological yield, grain protein content, leaf proline content) 2.408 t h-1, 17.926, t h-1 16.10%, 13.16%, and 1.617 mmol gm-1, respectively, compared to with the control treatments that resulted in the least values for the studied traits, respectively, 1.123 t h-1 10.099 t h-1, 8.62%, 6.66%, 0.807 mmol gm-1.
The Pedological Variation in some of Soil Characteristics of Alkhaleej and Al-Aali Project in Al-Alam District / Iraq
Authors: Alsalim Amer Ali , Khalaf Ayad Abdullah , Khairo Aws Mamdouh
Published: November 2023

The goal of research to study pedological heterogeneity in soil morphological and physical Characteristics in the Al-Khaleej and Al-Aali Al-Muwahed Project soils in Salahaldin Government. The (6) six soil pedon were chosen and their distribution based on the area of the soil series in study area. The soil morphologically properties were described according to soil survey staff, 2006. The soil physical properties (soil texture, Bulk density, and Compaction) were selected. The results show there is a variation in the morphological, where the thickness of the horizons differed and was the largest in the surface horizon at the peduns P1 and P3, while the color was found that all study sites are located within a page 10YR, which is the dominant wavelength for most Iraqi soils, while the soil texture was clayey and sandy in P1, P2, and P4, and mixed in P3, P5, and P6. The results showed that the soil texture ranged between admixture and admixture clay and sandy, and it was noted that the soil texture classes took the following order: sand > silt > clay, and it was noted that there was a predominance of sand content as it ranged between (417 and 722) g.kg-1 in the C2 horizon for each of P5 and P2 respectively, and a decrease was found in the bulk density in the surface horizons of the soils of the study sites and an increase in the average diameter weighted by the open ground.
Agricultural Waste Liquefied Hydrothermally using Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Hasan Noor Hadi , Hasan Nabeel Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Due to its abundance and sustainability, lignocellulosic biomass is a possible replacement for petroleum oil in the production of energy and chemicals. Numerous thermochemical processes have been used in significant study to turn biomass into products with added value. One of the best methods for creating bio-fuels and bio-based compounds among them is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). However, a number of technological obstacles still need to be removed before HTL technology can be widely used in industry. Hydrothermal liquefaction is now thought to be amongst the most popular effective processes to converting moist biomass for bio crude, but it requires costly renovation procedures to be utilized as biofuel. It is crucial to employ catalysts that may straightforwardly improve the bio crude yield as well as the efficiency of the reaction process; the benefit of raising the operation’s overall production; the impacts of adding heterogeneous catalysts and how they affect the bio-crude yield. In lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction, a typical catalytic activity was discovered, dividing the various catalysts into four separate groups (transition metal, lanthanide oxide, alkaline metal oxide, and zeolite). The purpose study is to objectively evaluate the hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass and know effecting of adding a zeolite catalyst on it, with a focus on increasing the production and efficiency of the biofuel. In addition, it has drawn attention to the natural stimulatory effects associated with zeolite catalysts.
Phenol Biodegradation by some Bacterial Species Isolated from Oil Contaminated Environments
Authors: Sahib Zainab Yahya , Al-Saadi Aamal Ghazi Mahdi
Published: November 2023

Phenols are poisonous chemical molecules that affect human and other mammals as well as the aquatic environment, particularly higher species in fresh water environments. useing microorganisms through bioremediation is an efficient technique for reducing dangerous chemicals and detoxification of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of some local bacterial species to degrade phenol. Bacterial species were isolated from soils contaminated with hydrocarbons from Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Basrah governorates. The remaining concentration of phenol was examined usingthe 4-aminoantipyrine assay. The results showed that the rate of decomposition of Enterobacter cloacae complex was 100% after an incubation period of 120h, pantoea spp was 100% after an incubation period of 120h, Acinetobacter lwoffii was 100% after an incubation period of 144h, Aeromonas salmonicida was 100% after an incubation period 168h, Escherichia hermannii was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Sphingomonas paucimobilis was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Streptococcus thoraltensis was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Bacillus licheniformis was 97.98%after an incubation period of 168h, Bacillus subtilis was 95.91% after an incubation period of 168h, and Bacillus firmus was 70.91% after an incubation period of 168h. The tested bacterial strains can offer a potential basis for bioremediation of phenol polluted locations.
Isolation and Identification of some Phenol Degrading Bacterial Species from some Contaminated Environments
Authors: Sahib Zainab Yahya , Al-Saadi Aamal Ghazi Mahdi
Published: November 2023

Phenol and its derivatives are toxic substances that harm a variety of living organisms, including plants, animals, and aquatic life. Therefore, in order to save the environment, these substances must be effectively removed. The purpose of this study is to screen and select potent phenol degrading strains from oil contaminated soils as well as testing their capacity to break down phenols. After growing on the phenol-containing mineral salts medium (MM), the chosen strains were identified using biochemical testing by Vitek 2 compact system in addition to morphological identification. After 168 hours of incubation, the chosen strains were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida, Escherichia hermannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Sphingomonas paucimobilis,, and Pantoea spp. All of the selected strains were grown efficiently at a concentration of 100mg/ml, so they may be putative species for bioremediation of phenol contaminated environments.
Bioaccessibility and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Particles from a Dust Storm in Iraq
Authors: Jaafar Ban Ibrahim , Kadhum Safaa A.
Published: November 2023

The issue of dust storms in Iraq is one of the issues that has caused Iraq to suffer economic and health losses and requires immediate attention. Nine of Iraq’s most important cities provided the collected samples. Atomic spectrometry was used to analyze dust samples for heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, copper, and chromium. The analysis was based on the particle size of the dust samples. The SBET was utilized for the goal of determining the scope of the threat posed by all of these elements of the dust storm and the impact they have on the health of humans. The results showed that Basra had the highest value of relative bioaccessibility of zinc (73.87%) in dust particle size (200 μm), whereas Samawah had the lowest value for cadmium (0.90%). Both values were based on the dust particle size. The relative bioaccessibility of cadmium was found to be at its highest in Najaf (85.80%) in dust particle 63 μm, whereas the relative bioaccessibility of lead was found to be at its lowest in Diwaniyah (0.28%). In addition, the findings demonstrated that the relative bioaccessibility of zinc was maximum in Amarah at a particle size of 75 μm (89.56%). The value distributions were sorted where there was high contamination of heavy metals during a dust storm from dark blue to yellow. With Kirkuk city having the highest concentration of Cr in size particle 75, the spatial distribution of Cu was notably distinct from other areas in Baghdad and Basra, where it was highest in particle sizes 63 and 200 μm. This study is important in order to determine the amount of human health damage and to control dust storms in Iraq.
Effect of Bio Char and Amino Acid (Steam) on Growth and Green Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Variety (Karbala)
Authors: Alsultan Ragheed M. Hamza , Al-Shamary Wael Fahmi Abdulrahman , Ibrahim Mariam Adnan , Kahlel Abdelmonnem S.
Published: November 2023

The experiment was carried out in the vegetable field of Horticulture and Landscape Department / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul, during 2021-2022 season to investigate the effect of administration of bio char in three doses (0, 3.5, 7, 10.5 t. Ha-1) and three Concentrations of Amino acid(Steam)(0, 10, 15 ml.L-1)on growth and green yield of onion variety (Karbala) The experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that : Adding the bio char in doses of 7 t. Ha-1 to the soil significantly increased several growth and yield properties(bulbs number, leaves number, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, plant yield, and biological yield). Spraying amino acid (Steam) at 15 ml.L-1 doses gave the highest values of plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots per plant, diameter of bulb neck. But highest values of average weight of bulb and biological yield was from spraying amino acid (Steam) at 10 ml.L-1 doses. The combination treatments between bio char and amino acid (Steam) show a significant effect in some vegetative growth and yield parameters of onion.
The Growth Response of Christi Thorn Seedlings to the Dates and Concentrations of (Ticamine Max) and the Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Vevter)
Authors: Abdullah Raghad Najem Adeen , Alalaf Ayad Hani Esmaeel
Published: November 2023

The study was carried out during the growing season (2022) in order to demonstrate the importance of application dates (every 15 and 30 days) and foliar spraying with three concentrations of Ticamine Max (0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1) and the addition of three levels of liquid organic fertilizer (Vevter) (0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1). In improving some growth characteristics of Christi thorn seedlings. The study was designed in a factorial experiment using the Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D). With three factors, with three replications, and with four seedlings per experimental unit, thus the number of seedlings used in the experiment is (2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 4 = 216 seedlings). The most important results obtained indicated the significant superiority of the foliar spray at a concentration of 4 ml. L-1 of the amino fertilizer and the addition of liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 4 ml. L-1 in all studied traits (increase in height of seedlings, number of leaves, area of leaf, leaf area of seedlings, and concentration of carbohydrates in leaves), while there were no significant differences for the studied traits between the dates of addition.
The Effect of Adding Whey and Spraying with Silicone on the Chemical of Chinese Cabbage Plant Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis
Authors: Aleyashe Hussam H. , Obaid Mohammed H.
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted in the fields of horticulture and Garden Engineering at the College of Agriculture - University of Kerbala for the agricultural season 2022-2023 with the aim of knowing the effect of spraying with silicon in the form of potassium silicate (K2Sio3) and adding the by-product (whey) in improving the growth indicators of the Chinese Cabbage plant. The experiment included 16 treatments that included four concentrations of silicon (0.1.2.3) ml L-1 and four concentrations of whey by-product (0.8.16.24) L ha-1 and were in three batches between one batch and another 10 days. It was carried out as a factorial experiment with two factors according to the randomized block design and with three replications, and the least significant difference test (l.s.d) was used to compare the means at the probability level of 0.05. Silicon spraying treatment led to a significant increase in all yield traits, as the concentration of 3 ml L-1 was significantly superior in each of Nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, potassium percentage and ascorbic acid. As for the treatment of whey addition, the concentration of 24 liters ha-1 was significantly higher in Nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, potassium percentage and ascorbic acid. 2.547 ‘0.316‘ 1.403‘ 64.61 respectively. The bilateral interaction between the two experimental factors showed significant superiority in all the traits under experiment.
Developed of Taper Equation and Volume for Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dem. in the Nineveh Region
Authors: Ali Muhammad Mustafa Muhammad , Al-Yousif Ammar Jasim Mohammed
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to estimate a taper equation for eucalyptus trees growing in Nineveh Governorate, it is used in forest inventory or management planning systems, giving information about the diameter at any point along the main stem of the tree. Data were collected from three naturally growing trees for diameter at breast height, total height, and diameter at different levels, starting from 0.5 m above ground level, with distances of half a meter along the main stem, using computer and regression methods. different. Linear and non-linear. In the preparation of the taper equation, as well as the use of statistical measures, namely, the coefficient of determination R2, the standard error attributed to the S.E rate, in the test of the best taper equation, and through the comparison between equations through statistical measures, we were able to obtain the following taper equation: d = 14.2299 * hi
-0.1873 And by taking the integration of the taper equation, we got an equation for estimating the size of eucalyptus trees, which is:V1 = 0.02542(hi)0.6254.
Effect of Foliar Spraying with Triacontanol and Iron Sulfate on the Growth and Flowering of Zinnia
Authors: Hadi Heba Abdullah Ismail , Saeed Abdul Kareem A.J. Mohammad
Published: November 2023

The experiment was carried out during the spring season 2022 in the nursery of the Diyala Agriculture Directorate, to study the effect of foliar spraying with Triacontanol and iron on the growth and flowering of the zinnia plant -1, and denoted by Tr0, Tr5, Tr10, and Tr15 respectively, the research was carried out as a factorial experiment (4 × 4) according to the Randomized Compelet Block Design (RCBD), the research steps began by planting seeds in cork dishes containing peat moss On 3/14/2022, one seed was planted in each eye. The results of the experiment were summarized as follows: The foliar spraying with Triacontanol led to a significant superiority in all studied traits, as the concentration exceeded 15 mg.L-1 by recording the best results for the characteristic of plant height (24.71 cm), number of leaves (29.80 leaves. plant-1), and number of branches (7.80 branch. Plant-1), flowering time (21.00 days), inflorescence diameter (99.13 mm), and foliar spraying with iron sulfate led to a signficant superiority in all studied traits, as the concentration exceeded 0.4 g.l-1 by recording the best results for the plant height trait (26.79 cm).), the number of leaves (26.30 leaves.plant-1), the number of branches (7.22 branches.plant-1), the flowering date (23.76 days), and the diameter of the inflorescence (80.01 mm), while the interaction between the foliar spraying with Triacontanol and iron sulfate 1ed to superiority Signficant in all studied traits, as concentration treatment 15 mg.L-1 and 0.4 g.L-1 excelled by recording the best results for the characteristic of plant height (30.35 cm), number of leaves (30.90 leaves. plant-1), and number of branches (8.00 branches). Plant-1), flowering time (18.00 days), and inflorescence diameter (110.00 mm).
Effect of Feeding Frequency and Adding Moringa Seeds on the Productive Performance and some Carcass Traits of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Maamari Israa S. H. , Al-Juwari Muthanna F. A.
Published: November 2023

The study included 24 Awassi lambs aged of (3-4) months, distributed randomly into four treatments homogeneous by weight, each treatment includes 6 lambs. The first treatment was fed twice a day without supplementation, second treatment was fed twice a day with addition 5 g of Moringa seeds/head/day, third treatment they were fed three times a day without supplementation, and the fourth treatment was fed three times a day with addition 5 gm of Moringa seeds/head/day. The results of the study showed a significant (p≤0.05) superiority in body weight at the second week in favor of the lambs that were fed twice daily, while the lambs that were fed three times had a significant (p≤0.05) superiority in final weight and total weight gain, and the fourth treatment was significantly superior (p≤0.05) in final weight and total weight gain compared to the second and third treatments. Lambs fed twice daily outperformed highly significant (p≤0.01) in the carcass width at the shoulders. Also, the lambs that were fed twice daily without addition were significantly (p≤0.01) superior in this trait to their counterparts that were fed three times. There was a significant (p≤0.05) superiority in the weight of fat-tail for the treatment with Moringa added compared to the treatment without it. Significant differences (p≤0.05) were observed in the dressing percentage in favor of lambs in the third and fourth treatments. The treatment to which Moringa was added was significantly (p≤0.01) superior in albumin concentration in the blood over the treatment without addition, and the albumin concentration was significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the second treatment compared to the rest of the other treatments. A highly significant (p≤0.01) was observed in the concentration of triglycerides in the blood of lambs fed three times daily.
Different Diets of Maca Roots (Lepidium meyenii) Affect Several Physiological Blood Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Merzah Layth Hamzah , Ali Nihad Abdul-Lateef
Published: November 2023

The Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/Al-Qasim Green University poultry field hosted this experiment from 10/1/2021 to 11/4/2021. The research examined the effects of dietary maca roots (Lepidium meyenii) on broilers’ physiological blood parameters under oxidative stress. The experiment employed 225 unsexed (Ross 308) grill chicks. It was randomised at random to 15 (k) different experimental treatments for 45 birds, with each treatment having three repetitions of 15 birds. The first trial consisted of a control diet and water that did not include any H2O2. The second treatment consisted of the normal diet along with water containing 0.5% hydrogen peroxide. The third and fourth treatments included 1 and 1.5 g of maca roots per kilogramme of the basic ration, respectively. Fifth treatment: 2 g maca root/kg main diet plus 0.5% H2O2 water. Summarize the key experiment findings.White blood cells were greatest in the second treatment (P < 0.05). The second treatment had the most heterophilic cells compared to the first, third, fourth, and fifth treatments. about lymphocytes. The first, third, fourth, and fifth treatments outperform the second (P < 0.05). The first, third, fourth, and fifth treatments had the best H/L ratio, with the second treatment being significantly different (P < 0.05). The fourth and fifth doses showed a substantial improvement (P < 0.05) in immunological protein IgG and IgA. When compared to the first, second, and third treatments, the volumetric standard of blood serum antibodies directed against Newcastle disease parenchyma is significantly greater (P 0.05) for the fourth and fifth treatments. The effectiveness of the fourth and fifth glutathione treatments was significantly higher than that of the others (P 0.05).
The Effect of Using Different Levels of Cyperus Rotundus Tubers in the Diet on the Productive Performance Characteristics of Broilers
Authors: Ali Hala A. M. , Zangana Bushra S. R. , Abdullah Ikram H.
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted at the Poultry Research Station of the General Authority for Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture from 12/5/2022 to 23/6/2022, the aim of studying the effect of adding different levels of Cyperus rotundus tuber powder to the diet on the productive performance of broiler chickens, using 225 chicks (Ross 308), one day old, with an average starting weight of 42.26 gm/chicks, distributed randomly to five treatments each treatment included 3 replications (15chicks/replicate), and the experimental treatments included the following: the first treatment (T1), the control treatment, was fed on the standard diet (without any addition), T2, T3, T4 and T5 was the addition of Cyperus rotundus tubers powder at a rate of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%, respectively. The results showed a significant improvement (P<0.05) in the average live body weight, weekly weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks in favor of the bird treatments fed on tuberculosis powder compared to the control treatment. It can be conclude from this study that the addition of tubers powder to broilers diets led to an improvement of productive performance of broilers.
Chromogenic Agar Assisted Screening of Pathogenic Bacteria from Butcher shops Wastewater Effluent and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling
Authors: Albanna Ayman , Sedeeq Dalal S. , Al-Mahmood Omar A.
Published: November 2023

The research utilized sophisticated technique called chromogenic agar and the Vitek 2 system to examine the bacterial content of fourteen samples of butcher’s shops effluent water, revealing thirty different bacterial species with varying levels of antibiotic resistance, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae,. The Vitek 2 system verified the initial identification of bacteria with 100% accuracy, providing additional evidence for the reliability of the chromogenic agar method. The Gram staining results revealed the presence of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These findings emphasize the importance of proper sanitation and hygiene practices to minimize the potential health risks associated with bacterial contamination in effluent water from butcher’s shops.
Predicting the Weight of Holstein-Friesian Males at Different Ages by some Body Measurements
Authors: Al-Khauzai Allawi Luaibi Dagher
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted in one of the private fields for breeding Holstein-Friesian calves in the village of Al-Hamad in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, where 107 males were used, including 21 at the age of 1 year, 51 at the age of 2 years, and 35 at the age of 3 years. The animals were weighed with an electronic scale, and body measurements (height body, chest girth and hip girth in centimeters) and the study aims to find the best single or double size to estimate the body weight of Holstein Friesian males, and the results of the current study can be summarized as follows: It was found that age had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on body weight and its measurements, as it increased with age, as the weights of Holstein Friesian males, aged 1, 2, and 3 years, for all ages reached 271.714, 359.627, 522.914, and 395.785 kg, respectively. Age also had a significant (p<0.01) effect on measurements of body length, chest and hip girths, and the correlation coefficients ranged between body measurements for males and for the sum of ages between 0.887 to 0.988. In this study, it was found that the best measure for estimating body weight is chest and hip girth, as the correlation coefficients between body weight and chest girth ranged between 0.845 to 0.965, and between weight and chest girth from 0.831 to 0.970. And that the best equation for estimating the body weight of bulls at the age of one year is the chest girth as a single measurement if the regression equation Y=-76.791+1.280GC. The coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.930, with a standard error of the estimate 5.59. As for the best equation for estimating the weight of bulls at the age of 2 years, it is based on the girth of the chest, as the determination reached R2 = 0.715, and the regression equation Y=-348.104+4.206CG. With a standard error of the estimate 25.625. And the girth of the hip, as the coefficient of determination was 0.753 = R2 and the regression equation y = - 431.986 + 4.647 CG. And with a standard error of the estimate 23.838. The best equation for estimating the weight of bulls at the age of 3 years is to rely on chest girth as a single measure and the regression equation. Y=-451.388+5.05 CG, And the determination equation is R2 = 0.877, with a standard error of the estimate 20.518. As for the regression equation to estimate the body weight of bulls and for all ages, the equation of dependence on the girth of the chest can be used Y=-610.582+5.813 CG. Where it was R2= 0.931 with a standard error of estimation was 27.936 or depending on the girth of the hip Y = -632.404 + 5.884 CG, where R2 = 0.941 HG and with a standard error of estimation was 25.725.
Response of Yield Traits and its Components to Sesame Genotypes for Different Plant Distributions
Authors: Khattab Nisreen Jamal , Al-Bayati Hussein Ali Hindi
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the research station of the Department of Field Crops at the College of Agriculture at the University of Tikrit in Salah al-Din Govemorate under gypsum soil conditions during the summer agricultural season (2022 AD), to evaluate the performance of six sesame genotypes, namely (Al-Mahalli, Wada’, Had, Sumer, Rafidain and Baytim) and three distributions. Plants, which are (60 x 10, 40 x 15, and 30 x 20) cm2, and Interaction between two factors of the study in traits, yield, its components, and the percentage of oil. The cultivar Wadaa gave the highest arithmetic mean for traits of the number of capsules per plant (86,111) capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule (67,811) seeds per capsule, and the total seed yield (3,402) tons. hectares and percentage of oil (46.500)%. The cultivar was superior in seeds thousand weight average of (3.496) g. Third plant distribution recorded highest arithmetic averages for traits of number of capsules per plant (86.655) capsules. Plant-1 and number of seeds per capsule (67.561). seed. Capsule-1, seeds thousand weight (3.426) gm and the total seed yield is (2.678) tons. hectares and the first plant distribution gave highest arithmetic average for trait of percentage of oil amounted to (46.600)%, and the intreaction treatment (Wadaa variety and third plant distribution) achieved highest arithmetic averages for the number of capsules in plant (81.111) capsules. Plant-1, seeds thousand weight was (3.381) gm and the total seed yield was (3.761) tons. hectares and the combinatorial treatment (variety Wadaa and first plant distribution) recorded highest arithmetic mean for trait of oil percentage amounted to (50.00)%.
Diagnosis of Olive Leaf Flay Daisenura oleae by PCR Technique in Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Alobidy Alaa Y. Dhannoon , Alebady Emad Q. Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Through the PCR diagnostic technique, it found the Daisenura oleae, from the Cecidomyiidae family and the order Diptera. Olive leaf flay were characterized by their activity and continued presence during the activity season. The results of the electrophoresis of flys DNA, which was extracted from olive leaf adults. Obtained pure DNA, and the purity of the parasite DNA was confirmed by a successful operation. Electrophoresis using Agarose gel and showing the nucleic acid bundles clearly. The sequence of the nitrogenous bases of the samples (Cyanobacteria) that were under investigation was determined, as products were sent for PCR representation, and the sequence reading of the genes was completed by depending on the 3130 genetic analyzer that was equipped from the Japanese company Hitachi. BLAST software was used to compare the gene sequences that were sequenced with the gene sequences that were documented in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The findings of this comparison were then analysed. The products of the amplified packages resulting from the PCR reaction were sent outside Iraq to study the sequence and sequence of the nitrogenous bases and compare them with the original cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene stored in the Global Genome Bank with specific sites of the gene to be studied, and it was found that there are sites of variation or variation in the nucleotide sequence compared to with the original gene at the NCBI website, and the isolate match was 100%. The isolate was recorded in the Gen Bank with accession number LC757225.1, and the genetic tree was drawn to find out the relationship between the Iraqi insect isolate and the rest of the insect isolates, and the closest was the American isolate.
Response of Sorghum Seeds to Soaking with Antioxidants (Glutathione) and Grown at Three Temperatures in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Al-Issawi Abdul Karim Mahmoud , Al-Fahad Ahmed Chyad
Published: November 2023

The study aims to evaluate the pre-soaking of white corn seeds with different concentrations of glutathione under heat stress on some seed viability characteristics. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Seed Examination and Certification Department. The Ministry of Agriculture, by soaking the seeds with four concentrations of glutathione (0, 50, 100, 150 mg L-1) for 12 hours and cultivating them under three temperatures (15, 25,35 °C) with the aim of knowing its effect on improving seed viability and germination strength. The experimental was carried out according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The results showed that the concentration of 150 mg L-1 was superior in germination speed, feather length, and peroxidase enzyme activity, as it gave these averages (79.32%, 9.57 cm, and 93.22 absorption units ml-1) respectively, the soaking treatment with a concentration of 100 mg L-1 excelled in the root length characteristic, and there was no significant difference between the concentrations in the dry weight of the seedling. The root, plumage and dry weight of the seedling gave values (81.50%, 14.62 cm and 13.30 cm 0.022 mg seedlin) respectively. The highest average temperature recorded in the activity of the biooxidase enzyme was (88.98 absorption units ml-1)
Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) and Extracts by Water (Aqueous Extracts)
Authors: Zagier Shrooq
Published: November 2023

There is a lot of research on the topic of control on Fig mosaic disease (FMD), aim was to reduce damage it causes to fig trees or seedlings. in this study was controlled on fig infected seedlings by aqueous extracts and the results of the treatments in the open field for the cultivation of fig seedlings achieved significant differences in the severity of infection and growth parameters. It gave overlap treatment to ginger roots and mint leaves extract severity injury lowest by virus and highest content of chlorophyll, leaf area, number of leaves and height to infected seedlings reached 22.34%,73.37 mg / 100 gm1- moist weight, 22.48 cm,22.57 leaf/plant,36.73 cm respectively compared with control treatments that achieved 91.18%,47.30 mg / 100 gm1- moist weight, 3.61 cm,8.33 leaf/plant,17.57 cm respectively.
Effect of Salicylic Acid Spraying on Physiological and Enzymatic Characteristics of three Broad bean Cultivars under Saline Soil Conditions
Authors: Atab Huda A. , Aboohanah Mansoor Abed , Al-Ubori Rafid
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season (2022-2023) in the field of the Department of Crops / Faculty of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University, to find out the effect of spraying salicylic acid on the physiological and enzymatic characteristics of three Cultivars of beans under saline soil conditions using the design of complete random sectors in the order of splinter panels, as the main panels included Cultivars (Spanish, Turkish, Dutch), while the secondary panels included foliar spraying of salicylic acid (without spraying, spraying at a concentration of 100 mg L -1, spraying at a concentration of 200 mg L -1).The results of the analysis of variance indicate a significant difference at the level of probability of 5% for all the studied traits, as the Spanish Cultivar outperformed in the total chlorophyll content 23. (mg100 g soft weight) and proline 1.284(mcg g-1 dry matter), while Dutch Cultivar outperformed in the enzyme POD 20.44 (units of absorption g-1 soft weight). Also, foliar spraying of salicylic acid achieved a positive effect at a concentration of 200 mg/L in the leaf content of total chlorophyll pigments 24.239 (mg100 g soft weight)and enzyme CAT 10.94 (units of absorption g-1 soft weight)and enzyme POD 22.251 (units of absorption g-1 soft weight) and seed yield 2.40 tons ha-1 and harvest indx 49.23%.
Some Genetic Parameters of Double Crosses under Different Planting Dates Suitable to the Middle Region of Iraq
Authors: Brto Eman Fawzi , Hadi Banan Hassan
Published: November 2023

With the aim of estimating some genetic parameters of double crosses at sowing dates appropriate to the fall season in the middle region of Iraq, a field experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya for the fall season 2022 using superior double crosses of maize were chosen from fifteen double crosses. It was obtained from the crossing of ten single crosses resulting from the crossing of five inbred lines (1=ZM43WIZE, 2=ZM60, 3= ZM49W3E, 4=ZM19, 5=CDCN5) by the half-dialle crossing method. Hybrids (3×5)(1×4),(3×5)(1×2),(2×4)(1×5), (4×5)(1×2), and (2×3)(1×4), compared it with the synthetic cultivar IPPA 5012 and tested it under three planting dates:1st July, 15th July and 1st August. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with four replicates. The traits were studied: tassling, silking, plant height, ear height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows, number of grains per row, number of grains in a row, number of ears, average grain weight, dry matter weight, physiological maturity, ear weight, plant growth rate, individual plant yield, unit area yield, and. harvest Index. The results of the genetic analysis showed that the value of the standard error was low in all traits except for leaf area, number of plant seeds, and in the three dates, and the values of the coefficient of variation (C.V) on1st July were less than 20 in all traits except for individual plant yield, area unit yield, harvest index, and time. 15 th July and 1st August were also less than 20, and the values of genetic variance at the date of 1st July were greater than the values of environmental variance in most of the studied traits, except for ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows, and ear weight. The ratio of genetic variation to environmental variation, as it was less than 1, and it had P.C.V values higher than G.C.V.The number of grains in the row, the weight of the dry matter, the physiological maturity and the plant growth rate due to the high genetic variance for it and the values of the ratio of genetic to environmental variance and then the high heritability values for it and on the date 1st August and the values of the genetic variance were greater than the values of the environmental variance in most of the studied traits.
New Record of the Species Amegilla niveocincta (Smith, 1854)(Hymenoptera:Apidae) in Iraq
Authors: Sahood Ghofran Hussein , Hermize Feryal Bahjat , AlSaffar Hanaa H.
Published: November 2023

The current study showed species
Amegilla niveocincta
(Smith, 1854) recorded for first time to entomofauna of Iraq, which collected from different flowering plants during 2022 from different localities of Iraq. The synonyms of species were supplied from GBIF(2023).
Two New Records of Coelioxys Latreille, 1809 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae) from Iraq
Authors: Najm Asawir Dhafer , Augul Razzaq Shalan , Al-Jassany Radhi F.
Published: November 2023

Five Coelioxys Latreille, 1809 species previously recorded in Iraq; Coelioxys emargintus Förster, 1853 and Coelioxys brevis Eversmann, 1852 newly recorded species. A brief re-description of each is given, supported by photographs; as well as a provided for their global distribution.
New Record with Revision of Nomiinae Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Saja A. , Sadiq Feryal H. , Augul Razzaq Shalan
Published: November 2023

In this study the Sub family of Nomiinae Robertson,1904 (Hyminoptera: Halictidae) was revised There were five species registered in our investigation: Pseudapis edentata(Morawitz,1876), P. nilotica (Smith,1976), Nomiapes bispinosa (Bulle,1832), N. diversipes (Latreille,1806), N. fugax (Morawitz1877); the last species is newly recorded in Iraq. A Key to identify the genera and species was designed according to the important morphological characters; as well, a brief description of the new record species is provided.
Effect of Different Ferrous Concentrations on the Growth Characteristics of Genotypes of Sorghum bicolor L.
Authors: Azawi Belqis Muhammad , Khader Imad Khalaf , Nazim Basem Shakour
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the fall season of the agricultural season 2022 AD at a research station of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit in Salah al-Din Governorate, located at longitude 43.679 degrees east and latitude 34.616 degrees north of the equator in gypsum soil in order to know the effect of foliar feeding with two levels of Iron In addition to the comparison treatment, which is (0, 75, and 150) mg L on fivegenotypes of white corn, namely (J, Giza, Inqaz, Rabeh, and Li). Ferrous sulfate was used as a source of iron. Using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and each replicate contains (15) experimental units, each experimental unit contains four lines, the distance between one line and another is 60 cm, and between one line and another is 20 cm, to study growth characteristics. The Li variety was superior in leaf area and the percentage of iron in the leaves, reaching (4086.61 cm2 and 60.92 mg Fe/kg). As for the following characteristics, the number of days from sowing to 50% flowering and plant height, the J variety was superior to (99.11 days and 177.48 cm). and the characteristics, number of leaves per plant, estimation of chlorophyll A and estimation of chlorophyll B were lost The variety was superior to Giza, which reached (23.40 μg.cm2, 19.83 μg.cm2, and 16.43 leaves). As for the fertilizer additions, it was superior to (Fe2) and gave the highest averages in the characteristics of plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and iron content inthe leaves, as it reached 157.94 cm, 15.80 leaves, 3783.76 cm 2, and 23.34 μg. cm2 and 21.03 μg.cm2 and 64.38mg Fe / kg, respectively, and the addition of Fe (1)) in the characteristic of the number of days from sowing to 50% flowering exceeded 95.46%. The combination (Li + fertilizer additives (Fe2) was characterized by giving the highest averages in the characteristics of leaf area and the percentage of iron in the leaves. As for the characteristics, the number of days from cultivation until 50% flowering and plant height, it was outperformed by variety J + fertilizer additives (Fe2) and the characteristics of the number of leaves per plant Estimation of chlorophyll A and estimation of chlorophyll B were lostIt is superior to Giza + fertilizer additives (Fe2).
Two New Records of Cerceris Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae) from Iraq
Authors: Hamodee Shatha Abdullateef , Shafeeq Maan Abdul Azeez , Augul Razzaq Shalan
Published: November 2023

In a survey of the crabronid fauna of Iraq during June to October 2022; 9species belonging to the genus Cerceris Latreille, 1802 were identified. Twospecies are new record of the fauna of Iraq: C. dorsalis Eversmann, 1849 and C. priesneri Mochi, 1939. Brief description, diagnostic characters, some collecting information, and photographs of each species are provided. As well provides a key to the species depending on many morphological features especially: propodeal enclosure, semicircular plate at base of second gastral sternites and free margin of clypeus. Moreover, this study observed that most collected specimens belonging to Cerceris hortivaga Kohl, 1880 and the least to C.dorsalis Eversmann, 1849, C. priesneri Mochi, 1939, C. tricolorata Spinola,1829 and C. straminea Dufour, 1854
The Role of the Hierarchy of the Production Tillers in wheat Cultivar km 5180 under the Effect of Sowing Spaces
Authors: Al-Hassan Mohammed Fawzi Hamza , Mahmood Jamal Waleed
Published: November 2023

Interpapillary spacing is an important aspect of crop management in general, and the choice of row spacing reflects a compromise between improving natural resource capture by the constituent members of the plant in the field. The research was applied during the winter season 2019-2020 to know the role of planting row spacing on the main stem and tillers of wheat cultivar km5180. Use the design of R.C.B.D. In the order of the factorial experiment, the cultivars occupied the first factor, and included V1 the Iraq variety and V2 the KM5180 cultivar. The agricultural distances were the second factor, and the distances included three (S1 = 20) cm, (S2 = 40) cm, and (S3 = 60) cm, spacing between the lines. The results showed the effect of line spacing on most of the studied characteristics of the main stem, as the distance of 60 cm gave a significant superiority in the characteristics (spike length (cm), number of spikes.m2 and biological yield ton. ha), which averaged (13.72 (cm), 32.5 spikes.m2 and 5.7088 ton. ha) successively, as the results showed that the distance of 60 cm exceeded the studied characteristics of the branches (plant height cm, number of spikes m2 and biological yield ton. ha), which averaged (91.31, 301.7 spikes m2 and 10.515 ton. ha) sequentially. The reason for the cultivation distance exceeding (60) cm, the farthest between the lines, is due to the increase in the number of stems bearing spikes and the lack of competition for penetrating light and mineral elements present in the soil between plants, and then the nutrients deposited in all parts of the plant. As for the cultivars, the main stem of the KM5180 cultivar was significantly superior for the characteristics (spike length cm, number of spikes/spike, number of spikes.m2), whose averages were (12.68 cm, 17.500 spikes/spike and 195.50 spikes.m2), respectively, over the Iraq cultivar. We conclude that it is possible to adopt the planting distance of 60 cm and the cultivar KM5180, as it gave the best results in most of the traits included in the research.