bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coherent ultrashort extreme ultraviolet sources and quantum control of their characteristics with applications to multispectral diffraction microscopy
Authors: Πετράκης Στυλιανός
Published: May 2024

Ο στόχος αυτής της διατριβής είναι να διερευνήσει τη δυναμική της παραγωγής των υψηλής τάξης αρμονικών (HHG) κατά την αλληλεπίδραση ισχυρών παλμών λέιζερ με αέριους στόχους, να ελέγξει τα χαρακτηριστικά των αρμονικών και να χρησιμοποιήσει τις αρμονικές ως βελτιστοποιημένη δευτερεύουσα σύμφωνη πηγή ακτινοβολίας ακραίου υπεριώδους (XUV) για εφαρμογές σε περιθλαστική μικροσκοπία. Η διερεύνηση βασίζεται στη συστηματική μελέτη των επιδράσεων των πειραματικών παραμέτρων, όπως τα είδη αερίων, η πίεση αερίου, οι συνθήκες εστίασης και το chirp του παλμού λέιζερ, στη διαδικασία HHG. Η καινοτομία της μελέτης βασίζεται στο γεγονός ότι η HHG λαμβάνει χώρα στο προπορευόμενο χρονικά άκρο του παλμού λέιζερ, συνθήκη που διαφέρει από τις τυπικές συνθήκες παραγωγής αρμονικών που αναφέρονται στη βιβλιογραφία. Έτσι, μη γραμμικά φαινόμενα, όπως η αυτοδιαμόρφωση φάσης, που επηρεάζουν σε μεγάλο βαθμό τη διαδικασία HHG, εμφανίζονται ως ρυθμιστές. Αυτές οι επιδράσεις μπορούν να ελεγχθούν από τα χαρακτηριστικά του παλμού λέιζερ και έτσι τα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά HHG μπορούν επίσης δευτερογενώς να ελεγχθούν. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, πραγματοποιήθηκε μια πλήρης παραμετροποίηση των φασματικών και χωρικών χαρακτηριστικών των αρμονικών (διεύρυνση γραμμής, φασματική μετατόπιση, και γωνιακή απόκλιση) ως συνάρτηση των πειραματικών παραμέτρων του είδους του αερίου, της πίεσης του αερίου και του chirp του παλμού λέιζερ, αναδεικνύοντας τις βέλτιστες συνθήκες για το HHG σε συνθήκες ισχυρών παλμών λέιζερ. Η μελέτη έδειξε ότι μπορεί να επιτευχθεί ο έλεγχος των τροχιών των ηλεκτρονίων (κβαντικά μονοπάτια) μεταβάλλοντας το chirp του παλμού λέιζερ. Η καταστολή της μακράς ηλεκτρονικής τροχιάς ήταν εμφανής στα φάσματα εικόνας HHG για χαμηλές θετικές τιμές του chirp του παλμού λέιζερ, και αυτό υποστηρίχθηκε περαιτέρω από κβαντομηχανικούς υπολογισμούς. Τέλος, η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά την ικανότητα επέκτασης της τεχνικής της σύμφωνης περιθλαστικής απεικόνισης στο ακραίο υπεριώδες (XUV CDI) σε πολυφασματική XUV CDI μέσω της πειραματικής της πραγματοποίησης και της απόδειξης αρχής λειτουργίας. Η πολυφασματική XUV CDI έχει εφαρμογές στη μικροσκοπία νανοκλίμακας σε πολλούς τομείς, όπως η επιστήμη των υλικών, η βιολογία, οι ιατρικές επιστήμες, η δυναμική συμπεριφορά χημικών συστημάτων σε πραγματικό χρόνο σε επιφάνειες, καθώς και η χωροχρονική απεικόνιση της εξέλιξης του μετώπου κρίσιμης πυκνότητας πλάσματος.
Mapping Vulnerability to Potential Crisis Events in Surabaya City: A GIS-Based Approach
Authors: Jarghon Ali E. M. , Damayanti Nyoman Anita , Dhamanti Inge , Notobroto Hari Basuki , Hidajah Atik Choirul , Awad Anas M. M.
Published: May 2024

Background This study aims to develop a vulnerability map for Surabaya using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to assess the city’s vulnerability to COVID-19. Methods Six key factors influencing vulnerability were identified and their relative importance determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) pairwise comparison matrix. GIS was utilized to classify Surabaya’s vulnerability into five levels: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Results The resulting vulnerability map provides essential insights for decision-makers, healthcare professionals, and disaster management teams. It enables strategic resource allocation, targeted interventions, and formulation of comprehensive response strategies tailored to specific needs of vulnerable districts. Conclusions Through these measures, Surabaya can enhance its resilience and preparedness, ensuring the well-being of its residents in the face of potential emergency outbreaks.
MIC distribution analysis identifies differences in AMR between population sub-groups
Authors: Wildfire Jacob , Waterlow Naomi R. , Clements Alastair , Fuller Naomi M. , Knight Gwen M.
Published: May 2024

Background Phenotypic data, such as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of bacterial isolates from clinical samples, are widely available through routine surveillance. MIC distributions inform antibiotic dosing in clinical care by determining cutoffs to define isolates as susceptible or resistant. However, differences in MIC distributions between patient sub-populations could indicate strain variation and hence differences in transmission, infection, or selection. Methods The Vivli AMR register contains a wealth of MIC and metadata for a vast range of bacteria-antibiotic combinations. Using a generalisable methodology followed by multivariate regression, we explored MIC distribution variations across 4 bacteria, covering 7,135,070 samples, by key population sub-groups such as age, sex and infection type, and over time. Results We found clear differences between MIC distributions across various patient sub-groups for a subset of bacteria-antibiotic pairings. For example, within Staphylococcus aureus, MIC distributions by age group and infection site displayed clear trends, especially for levofloxacin with higher resistance levels in older age groups (odds of 2.17 in those aged 85+ compared to 19–64), which appeared more often in men. This trend could reflect greater use of fluoroquinolones in adults than children but also reveals an increasing MIC level with age, suggesting either transmission differences or accumulation of resistance effects. We also observed high variations by WHO region, and over time, with the latter likely linked to changes in surveillance. Conclusions We found that MIC distributions can be used to identify differences in AMR levels between population sub-groups. Our methodology could be used more widely to unveil hidden transmission sources and effects of antibiotic use in different patient sub-groups, highlighting opportunities to improve stewardship programmes and interventions, particularly at local scales.
The genome sequence of the Brown Long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Millar Amanda , Vernes Sonja C. , Teeling Emma C , Mai Meike ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from a female Plecotus auritus (Brown Long-eared bat; Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Vespertilionidae). The genome sequence is 2163.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.91 kilobases in length.
Moralidad administrativa. Aplicación del derecho colectivo en la jurisprudencia
Authors: Franco Hernández Mauricio Alberto
Published: May 2024

El texto presentado es la actualización y producto derivado de la investigación “Perspectiva del derecho colectivo a la moralidad administrativa en la función pública: análisis a partir de las decisiones judiciales emitidas en los fallos del Tribunal Administrativo de Santander que resuelven acciones populares en el periodo 2008 a 2010”, adelantada en la maestría en derecho de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. El presente texto está dividido en dos partes: en la primera se aborda el tema de la hermenéutica constitucional, especialmente en lo relacionado con la producción de subreglas jurisprudenciales, estrategia que es necesaria para ajustar los derechos y los principios insertados en la Constitución Política al caso particular; y, en un segundo momento, se conducirá al lector a través de un recorrido por la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana y el Consejo de Estado en la que se han tomado las decisiones sobre la vulneración y/o amenaza a este derecho e interés colectivo.
Diversidad cultural, pluralismo y medios de comunicación regionales en Colombia
Authors: Pereira G. José Miguel , Valencia N. Daniel Guillermo , Villadiego P. Mirla
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo recoge resultados de dos proyectos de investigación desarrollados por miembros del Grupo de Investigación Comunicación, Medios y Cultura de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, bajo el enfoque teórico y metodológico de la economía política de la comunicación. El primero, titulado “Las industrias mediáticas regionales en Colombia”, fue un estudio financiado por Colciencias que se realizó en la región conocida como Bogotá-Región Centro, el cual incluyó ocho ciudades, entre capitales y ciudades intermedias. El segundo, cuyo título fue “Indicadores de desarrollo mediático en Colombia”, abarcó diez capitales de departamento y tomó como referencia las categorías que establece la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (Unesco) (2017), que pueden servir de orientación para realizar este tipo de estudios. Los objetivos específicos de los dos estudios apuntaban a identificar la estructura de propiedad de los medios en las regiones del país, las condiciones laborales de los periodistas, los obstáculos para la diversidad y el pluralismo informativo, la distribución de la pauta publicitaria oficial y comercial, el desarrollo tecnológico mediático, el modo de regulación de los medios y la percepción que tienen las audiencias respecto a los medios regionales. Este artículo da cuenta específicamente de los resultados que tienen que ver con el pluralismo y la diversidad cultural en los medios regionales en Colombia, en un intento por responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué tanto los medios de comunicación reflejan y representan la diversidad de criterios e intereses en la sociedad, incluyendo los de los grupos marginados? ¿Qué tanto hacen visible la diversidad cultural, social y política de la que está hecha el país, como plataforma de la democracia? Para tales efectos, a partir de las percepciones de los periodistas y las audiencias consultados en el proceso de investigación, nos centramos en abordar la incorporación del otro y de lo otro en el discurso mediático, para el caso, sujetos y actores sociales tales como indígenas, afros, mujeres o movimientos sociales. Al referirse a los diferentes actores mediáticos, Del Valle (2015) anota que el contexto en el que habitan es intercultural, repleto de saberes cotidianos, cosmovisiones, subjetividades, modos de ser y habitar el mundo que constituyen un pluralismo epistemológico, lleno de experiencias, de prácticas sociales, casi siempre desconocidas y desdibujadas en el discurso mediático. Medios que, muchas veces, no recuperan las matrices ancestrales, culturales, las subjetividades, esas otras cosmovisiones y, en muy contadas excepciones, esos contextos en que viven los otros y que son expresadas por múltiples prácticas de comunicación. (p. 95)
Los territorios de la Amazonia colombiana
Authors: Pérez Mónica , Franky Carlos
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo presentamos una introducción a varios aspectos territoriales de la Amazonia colombiana, mostrando tanto su diversidad interna y su unidad como región, como continuidades y transformaciones en su conformación territorial. Para ello exploramos características biofísicas, sociales, políticas y culturales que aportan una información básica que sirve como punto de referencia para comprenderla y para invitar al lector a profundizar en cada uno de estos aspectos. El texto empieza con una contextualización de la Panamazonia en el concierto suramericano. Luego, se concentra en la Amazonia colombiana, analizándola desde sus características biogeográficas y político-administrativas, y profundizando en los territorios indígenas y en una aproximación a la Amazonía como un territorio socialmente construido, la cual refleja varios de los conflictos sociales que afronta Colombia actualmente. Por último, hacemos unas consideraciones finales.
Antipedagogy as a Postmodern Project
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Vakhovskyi Leonid
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to revealing the essential characteristics of antipedagogy in the context of postmodern discourse. It has been shown that the representatives of this pedagogical movement called for the abandonment of education as a purposeful process of personality formation, considering it totalitarian and aimed at depersonalization. The ideas of postmodernism, which contributed to the formation and development of antipedagogy and alternative education, have been presented in the article as follows: changing the status of knowledge in society; extrastructural, non-linear way of organizing integrity, which excludes rigid centralization, orderliness, and symmetry; a special modernity model, in which life orientations and values are not imposed on a person. It has been proved that the spread of these ideas on education and pedagogical science helped to substantiate the basic provisions of antipedagogy. The provisions are related to the refusal of the purposeful personality formation according to a certain pattern, imposition of worldview schemes, life guidelines and values, the requirement to establish symmetrical relations, equal dialogue between a teacher and a student. It has been emphasized that antipedagogy was not narrowed to criticism of traditional school education and pedagogical science, but offered alternative pedagogical methods based on the principle of spontaneous autonomy of a child. The methods contribute to the self-development and self-determination of a student. The ideas of antipedagogy and its constructive potential are implemented in alternative educational institutions.
Technology of Forming the Future Economists’ Readiness to Counteract Risks in Their Professional Activities by Means of Electronic Educational Resources
Authors:   SHEI ", Martynenko Olena ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: May 2024

The article presents a developed techno-logy of forming the future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities by means of electronic educational resources, which allows modelling the process of professional training and choosing forms and methods of training that will ensure the desired result. The functions, methodological approaches, and principles of designing the technology have been determined. The article highlights the pedagogical conditions for the successful formation of future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities, namely: forming a responsible attitude of future economists to their professional activities through the development of positive motivation and a value orientations system; improving forms, methods, and means of formation of future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities; stimulating the reflexive activity of future economists at each stage of the process of formation of the readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities. The two stages of the content-procedural block of the developed technology have been revealed: the preparatory stage, which involves the development of educational and methodical support for the technology, and the activity stage, during which a direct implementation for relevant electronic educational resources (e-course and the training) into the educational process of training students is being made. The forming levels of the future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities have been determined: high, medium, and low.
Digitalization of Higher Education: Essence, Advantages and Problems
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, Tkachov Sergey , Tkachovа Nataliia ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Tkachov Artem ,   H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University
Published: May 2024

The article defines the essence of digitization of higher education, reveals the main advantages and problems of this process. Different scientists’ approaches to compare the concepts of «digitization», «digitalization», «digital transformation» have been covered, own author’s position on their correlation has been analyzed. The main advantages of digitalization of higher education have been identified, its top trends (artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, gamification, internet of things, blockchain), which allows to increase the efficiency of learning process, to intensify the development of students’ motivation, have been characterized. It has been established that digitalization is accompanied by the emergence of significant problems as a large-scale character (dehumanization of social relations; deepening the crisis of the intellectual culture of people, etc.), and at the level of an educational institution (weakness and poor thoughtfulness of the strategy of the educational institution digitalization; lack of awareness of administration representatives and teachers about the wide array of digital technologies, the lack of practical skills of teachers in the successful use of these technologies; leveling the function of students’ socialization by reducing the amount of their live communication with other people, etc.).
The Role of Non-Formal Education in the System of Future Spanish Language Teacher Training
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kharkovskyi Yevhen
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of non-formal education in the training of Spanish language teachers in the higher education system of Ukraine and Spain. It has been focused on the importance of non-formal education for the quality of learning Spanish and its importance for the professional development of teachers in domestic higher education institutions. For this purpose, the essence of non-formal education, its advantages and tools that can be used for Spanish language teachers’ training have been considered. The research has stated that non-formal education in training of foreign language teachers, notably Spanish, is undoubtedly important, as it forms the individual educational trajectory of students, helps to adapt to constant changes in society, stimulates the cognitive level of world perception, forms language competence, etc. It has been emphasised that the teacher training system in higher education institutions should take into account the importance of non-formal education due to the growing need for Spanish language teachers and the expansion of intercultural communication. Higher education institutions should offer opportunities for students to participate in language clubs, cultural events, exchanges, and other forms of non-formal education to prepare students for the real challenges they will face in their professional lives.
Basic life support training: Is student confidence enhanced by advanced levels of simulation?
Authors: Rushton Melanie , Pilkington Rachel
Published: May 2024

Background:

Basic life support (BLS) is a mandatory skill for nurses. The confidence of the BLS provider should be enhanced by regular training. Traditionally, BLS training has used low-fidelity manikins, but more recent studies have suggested the use of high-fidelity manikins and alternative levels of simulation such as virtual reality.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental study including 125 nursing students. Data on confidence levels in various elements of BLS were collected using pre-validated questionnaires and analysed using SPSSv23.

Results:

The study revealed that high-fidelity simulation had a significant impact on the BLS learner's confidence levels.

Conclusion:

The study identified the importance of high-fidelity simulation in BLS training in preparing students for clinical practice. This highlights the need for further exploration of simulation technologies, such as virtual reality, to enable students to gain the knowledge, skills, confidence and competence required to enable safe and effective practice.
Cardiac amyloidosis at a glance
Authors: Tavares Sara , Dirksen Andreas
Published: May 2024

Amyloidosis can affect any organ in the body by deposition of amyloid fibrils. When these aggregate in the heart, it leads to cardiac amyloidosis a life-threatening and progressive disease. Although considered a rare condition, advances in imaging techniques and raised awareness have shown that it might be more frequent than has been historically estimated. Cardiac amyloidosis can be hereditary or occur as a consequence of the ageing process but, regardless of type, patients experience a heavy symptomatic burden. This article provides an overview of its pathophysiology, signs and symptoms and how any nurse can look for the main red flags in clinical practice. Early referral for specialist care can have a significant impact on disease progression and patient quality of life.
Practical implications of overlapping mental capacity assessments
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2024

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the practical implications of undertaking mental capacity assessments with a person across a range of different decisions
Incontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults in residential care settings: a point prevalence study
Authors: Wall Breda , Kelly Anne Marie , White Patricia , McCann Margaret
Published: May 2024

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a skin inflammation caused by contact with urine or faeces or both. It has a negative effect on the patient's quality of life and is indicative of the care provided. However, globally there is a lack of empirical data on the prevalence of IAD. Aim: To identify, for the first time, the proportion of older adults in extended care settings in Ireland affected by IAD. Design: Cross-sectional, multisite, point prevalence survey, across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. Methods: Two clinical nurse specialists, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool, identified the presence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection. IAD prevalence was calculated for the total population and incontinent population sets using percentages and confidence intervals (CI). Results: The prevalence of incontinence was 86.4% (n=165), a significantly higher proportion were female (P=0.003). The point prevalence of IAD across the total population and incontinent population was 11.5% (22/191; 95% CI, 7.4–19.9%) and 13.3% (22/164; 95% CI, 8.5–19.5%), respectively. Being incontinent was associated with being female, more dependent (Barthel), having possible cognitive impairment, poorer mobility (Braden and Waterlow) and a high risk of pressure ulcers (Waterlow). A logistic regression analysis found no predictor variables for IAD among the variables that met the cut-off point for this analysis. Conclusions: The study provides the first point prevalence empirical data on the occurrence of IAD in Ireland. It can inform decision-making on future planning and budgeting of new quality improvement projects and act as a benchmark for ongoing auditing of IAD.
Digital mental health programmes for children and young people: Parental involvement and supporting implementation
Authors: Sharry John
Published: May 2024

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Addressing the mental health crisis is vital
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: May 2024

Neil Leitch, chief executive of the Early Years Alliance, highlights one of the biggest issues affecting staff the moment, amid all the other challenges the early years sector is facing.
Symmetry and asymmetry between positive and negative square energies of graphs
Authors: Elphick Clive , Linz William
Published: May 2024

The positive and negative square energies of a graph, $s^+(G)$ and $s^-(G)$, are the sums of squares of the positive and negative eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix, respectively. The first results on square energies revealed symmetry between $s^+(G)$ and $s^-(G)$. This paper reviews examples of asymmetry between these parameters, for example using large random graphs and the ratios $s^+/s^-$ and $s^-/s^+$, as well as new examples of symmetry. Some questions previously asked about $s^{+}$ and $s^{-}$ are answered and several further avenues of research are suggested.
ACUPUNTURA NO CUIDADO DO TRABALHADOR DA SAÚDE DURANTE A PANDEMIA POR COVID 19 : uma revisão integrativa.
Authors: Angieuski Camacho Beatriz , Aparecida Patricio Pereira Suellen , Manoel Oliveira Costa Lucas , Vieira da Silva Blamires Daniele , Aparecida de Sousa Moura Maria , Oliveira Melo Júlia
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Durante a pandemia por Covid 19, práticas alternativas e complementares como a acupuntura foram utilizados no cuidado do trabalhador de saúde da linha de frente, com o objetivo de promover alívio às pressões e aos desafios enfrentados. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou analisar na literatura as evidências científicas disponíveis acerca da utilização da acupuntura no cuidado do trabalhador da saúde durante a pandemia de Covid 19. Métodos: Foi feita uma revisão integrativa de literatura a partir de artigos da base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). A estratégia de busca para os artigos em português foi: (Acupuntura) AND (Covid 19) AND (Saúde do trabalhador) AND (Pessoal de Saúde). Para as buscas em inglês, utilizou-se a seguinte estratégia: (Acupuncture) AND (Covid 19) AND (Health Personnel) AND (Occupational Health). Foram selecionados os artigos primários, disponíveis na íntegra, publicados entre 2020 e 2022 em português ou inglês. Foram excluídos os que não respondessem à questão norteadora e  estudos de revisão narrativa, tradicional, sistemática e integrativa. Resultados: A busca resultou em 59 artigos, 40 com a busca em inglês e 19 com a busca em português. Após aplicados os critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 6 artigos para o estudo. Conclusão: Com a análise, concluiu-se que a utilização da acupuntura como recurso no cuidado aos profissionais de saúde, em especial durante a pandemia de Covid-19, quando utilizada, promoveu redução significativa nos níveis de estresse e ansiedade nos profissionais.
A Rapid Single-view Radar Imaging Method with Window Functions
Authors: Yu Wen Ming , Yang Yi Ting , Lu Xiao Fei , Yang Chao , Chen Zai Gao , Cui Tie Jun
Published: May 2024

Monostatic rapid single-view radar imaging technology is a technique that employs single incidence angle and single frequency point information to implement rapid monostatic radar imaging within a small angular field. Owing to its analytical expression, this technique can substitute the traditional frequency-angle-scanning imaging in a small angular range, facilitating the rapid generation of highly realistic radar imaging data slices for complex targets and environments. This technology has been significantly applied in scatter hotspot diagnostics and target recognition. In order to achieve the windowing effect equivalent to that of frequency-angle-scanning imaging, and to enhance the scattering feature of monostatic imaging while controlling sidelobes, this paper derives analytic windowed imaging formulas for monostatic radar. It then obtains analytical expressions for various typical monostatic windowing rapid radar imaging scenarios. This enables the monostatic rapid imaging technology to maintain high efficiency in its analytical expressions while achieving the windowing effect equivalent to traditional imaging. The validity and correctness of the analytical formula and software implementation have been confirmed through 1D, 2D, and 3D imaging verifications. This technology can provide a vast amount of training data for modern radars.
Optimized Ferromagnetic Core Magnetorquer Design and Testing for LEO Nanosatellite Attitude Control
Authors: Villalba-Alumbreros Gabriel , Lopez-Pascual Diego , Diez-Jimenez Efren
Published: May 2024

Magnetorquers are a very suitable solution for the nanosatellite’s attitude and orbital control of low Earth orbit (LEO) given its constraints: small available volume, limited power consumption, and maximum weight limitation. In this work, an optimized ferromagnetic core magnetorquer is designed for LEO nanosatellites, considering the geometrical, electrical, and magnetic parameters in an electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA). The final design dimensions are 10.9 mm diameter and 100 mm in length, with a ferromagnetic core made of high performance soft magnetic alloy Vacoflux50 measuring 5 mm diameter and 100 mm in length. Magnetorquer geometry has been optimized to achieve a very high compactness, reaching an optimal combination of high specific magnetic moment and magnetic moment-input power ratio at the same time. It shows a maximum magnetic moment of 1.42 Am2, a magnetic moment-input power ratio of 2.52 Am2/W, and a specific magnetic moment of 22.5 Am2/kg, with a power consumption of 0.565 W and 0.5 A. Such a combination of high-performance values has not been previously found. Furthermore, it has displayed higher magnetic moment and specific magnetic moment than previous prototypes in literature. The simulated model is validated with the experimental testing of a manufactured prototype, by measuring the magnetic and electric variables.
Propensity of Sawmills to Produce Structural Sawn Wood in Chile
Authors: Gysling Janina , Mejías Wilson , Herrera Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2024

The goals of Chile’s forest policy regarding the use of wood in construction are far from being achieved. Chile is the ninth-largest global producer of sawn softwood and has an industry with numerous sawmills; however, structural sawn wood (SSW) represents less than 1 percent of the industry’s total production, which is insufficient to address large-scale construction programs with wood. Therefore, policy instruments are needed to lead to an increase in the volume of SSW production. This research aimed to design a typology of sawmills that facilitates the definition and implementation of these policy instruments to ensure attainment of the 2035 goal of the forest policy. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the impact of various variables on SSW production; variable selection was done using stepwise regression. The number of clusters was determined using the gap method, and sawmill clusters were determined using k means. The result is a typology with five categories of sawmills based on their propensity to produce SSW. The most significant variable was the quality of the supply, so it is suggested to prioritize the management of Pinus radiata plantations. With this result, a map for the application of policy instruments was created, proposing an intervention pathway. The proposed typology will stimulate decisions to provide direct support to the sawmill industry, thereby increasing SSW production.
Comparing the effectiveness of full-vacuum and half-vacuum drainage in reducing seroma after modified radical mastectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Oyewale S , Ariwoola A
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Owing to limited outpatient support for drain management, delayed discharge after mastectomy is more prevalent in developing countries. Utilising half-vacuum (HV) suction drains for routine drainage after mastectomy could lead to a reduced incidence of seroma and a shorter hospital stay. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the outcomes of HV against full-vacuum (FV) suction drains in patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

Methods

Differences between the two groups in length of hospital stay, total volume of drain effluent and incidence of seroma were assessed. RevMan 5.4 was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) for dichotomous data, and the mean difference (MD) for continuous data.

Results

Nine randomised controlled trials were included in this review. Using HV drains reduced both the mean length of hospital stay (MD: −2.30 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.10 to −0.49 days, I2=97%) and the mean total volume of effluent (MD: −132.61ml, 95% CI: −207.32ml to −57.91ml, I2=88%) compared with FV drains. However, there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of seroma between the two groups (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.46, I2=65%). Likewise, there was no difference in rate of seroma occurrence on sensitivity analysis (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.33, I2=74%).

Conclusions

There was no difference in the incidence of seroma between HV and FV suction drainage. Conversely, a reduction in the length of hospital stay and the total volume of drain effluent was observed for mastectomy patients with a HV drain.
Living at work: migrant worker dormitories in Malaysia
Authors: Jones Katharine , Ghimire Anita , Khor Yvonne
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia drew attention to the extremely poor living conditions of the country’s approximately 2.5 million migrants from South and Southeast Asia working in manufacturing, construction, services, and agriculture. International media reports throughout 2020 and 2021 highlighted the overcrowded, unsanitary, and unsafe accommodations provided by employers, including cramped hostels, stacked containers, and rented apartments. This article addresses how migrant worker accommodation in Malaysia is utilised by the state and by employers as a spatial mechanism of control to regulate migrant labour.

This case study draws on over a hundred in-depth interviews with Nepali migrant workers, recruitment agents, employers, and policy officials in Malaysia. We detail how the Malaysian government’s requirement for migrants to live in employer-provided housing forms part of intensified immigration controls implemented by the federal government. This policy effectively transforms employers into ‘landlords’, bringing migrants’ ‘private space’ under their control, thereby enabling employers’ increased surveillance of their activities. We found that employers utilised the opportunity to discipline their workforces and intensify work regimes. We therefore argue that housing has become a double-layered regulatory tool to deepen labour control among migrant populations, perpetuate a state of temporariness, and reinforce visible boundaries between citizens and non-citizens. In the process, migrants’ living quarters (spaces of social reproduction) have been subsumed into the organisation of production, serving the demands of the low-wage, highly-controlled, political economy of Malaysia.
A Genuine Granger Song: Reverend Knowles Shaw and “The Farmer Is the Man”
Authors: Isern Thomas D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: “The Farmer Is the Man,” a balladic statement of farm fundamentalism that resonated with agrarian movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, originated as a granger ballad in Kansas in 1874. The original text was first published January 7, 1874 in the Osage Mission Journal , with a clear author attribution: Knowles Shaw, the well-known revivalist preacher and hymn writer. Its message that “the farmer is the man who feeds them all,” with its attendant disparagement of other, lesser occupational classes, was more representative of grassroots grangerism than of Grange leadership. The song is representative not only of the general efflorescence of balladry in the Great Plains during the late nineteenth century but also on the reinterpretation of such literature by scholars such as Louise Pound as folk art rather than anthropological curiosity. During the summer of 2023, youth campers still sang “The Farmer Is the Man” from their official camp songbook.
In Defense of the Effete Superhero: Theorizing the First Queer Latinx Superhero, Extraño/Gregorio de la Vega
Authors: Gonsalez Marcos
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Debuting in the 1987 eight-issue miniseries Millennium , Extraño/Gregorio de la Vega lays claim to being the first gay superhero in superhero comic history. He is also one of the first queer Latinx superheroes to be depicted in the genre. This article examines the mediations and transformations of Extraño/Gregorio de la Vega’s character across the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, analyzing how his disruptive queer effete superheroics runs counter to representational agendas that seek to fix or erase gender transgression and nonnormative sexualities in superhero comics. In order to do so, this article proposes a critical reading practice called superheroic minorness. By looking to one-shot issues, double-page team spreads, back covers, letters to the editors, and splash pages, this article examines how his superheroic minorness entails sleuthing across a constellation of details, minutiae, and arrangements in order to compose a comprehensive sketch of an otherwise undervalued or underexamined character who, nonetheless, helps articulate repressed, negated, and/or erased aesthetic-political possibilities. Reading for superheroic minorness is a conceptual strategy for theorizing the importance of the effete superhero and the interpretive frameworks the effete opens up for interrogating the majoritarian sphere and minoritized representation in comics, superhero aesthetics, and popular culture. Rather than situating the minorness or stereotyping of Extraño/Gregorio de la Vega as a lack or a problem for critical inquiry, this essay positions it as a means of revaluing and imagining the effete superhero, the abject, peripheral queer Latinx character who overloads straightforward notions of respectability, assimilation, and conformity.
Fragile Foundations: Tracing Argentina's Semiconductor Saga amid Institutional Turmoil
Authors: Soca Fernanda A. , Di Bello Mariana E.
Published: May 2024

abstract: This article suggests that the persistent pattern of political and economic instability in Argentina has affected the development of semiconductor technology in Argentina, affecting secure resources, financial stability, and appropriate institutional frameworks. This article reconstructs Argentina's history of semiconductor technology to understand the initial research, development, and production of semiconductor technology and the emergence of the field of electronics knowledge in a peripheral country like Argentina. In-depth interviews with key players and analysis of institutional documents shed light on the achievements of the protagonists and their relationship to the country's political and economic context.
Polarimetric identification of adipose and high cellularity regions in thick human breast resections for optimized guidance of laser mass spectrometry
Authors: Singh Michael , Ye Lan Anna , Woolman Michael , Talbot Francis , Zarrine-Afsar Arash , Vitkin Alex
Published: May 2024

To enhance the clinical utility of mass spectrometry (MS), lengthy dwell times on less informative regions of patient specimens (e.g., adipose tissue in breast) must be minimized. Additionally, a promising variant of MS known as picosecond infrared laser MS (PIRL-MS) faces further challenges, namely, lipid contamination when probing the adipose tissue. Here we demonstrate on several thick non-sectioned resected human breast specimens (healthy and malignant) that reflection-mode polarimetric imaging can robustly guide PIRL-MS toward regions devoid of significant fat content to avoid signal contamination while further shortening the overall MS analysis time by rapidly identifying highly cellular and hence information-rich regions. Through polarimetric targeting of non-fat regions, PIRL-MS sampling was able to reveal feature-rich spectral signatures including several known breast cancer markers. Polarimetric guidance mapping was enabled by circular degree-of-polarization imaging via both Stokes and Mueller matrix polarimetry. These results suggest a potential synergistic hybrid approach employing polarimetry as a wide-field-imaging guidance tool to optimize efficient probing of tissue molecular content using MS.
Portable Digital Lensless Holographic Microscope for fieldwork applications using a conventional smartphone sensor and a customized freeform lens.
Authors: Acosta Maria Lopera , Nie Yunfeng , Ottevaere Heidi , Trujillo Carlos
Published: May 2024

Despite the widespread exploration and application of Digital Lensless Holographic Microscopes (DLHMs), there remains a scarcity of portable implementations tailored specifically for fieldwork applications such as remote diagnosis, medical analysis, on-field biological sample study, and even outreach and academic demonstrations. This paper introduces a portable prototype that assembles a Digital Lensless Holographic Microscope (DLHM) with a smartphone camera designed specifically for such fieldwork scenarios. The prototype incorporates a customized illumination system, based on a freeform lens, enhancing efficiency and simplifying alignment. A 3D-printed tube houses all components, facilitating easy alignment adjustments by incorporating two axes that keep the optical axis aligned. The design replaces conventional scientific camera sensors with the digital sensor of smartphone cameras. The customized mechanical coupling accommodates the specific light source, and an off-the-shelf microscope and telescope adapter (GoSky) ensures seamless cellphone attachment. The portable freeform-based DLHM assembly requires only a few components, with precise CAD design guiding the production of five 3D-printed parts. The resulting DLHM is compact, measuring 13.6 cm in height, 5 cm in diameter, and weighing about 250 grams. This approach successfully employs the digital sensor of a HUAWEI P8 Lite smartphone after removing its camera lens to ensure free space propagation to the sensor. The system allows recording holograms with variable magnification ranging from 1× to 20× approximately, with a maximum numerical aperture (NA) 0.12 and resolution 1.71μm. To validate the performance of this portable DLHM system, imaging experiments are conducted using a USAF resolution test target and a buccal mucosa sample containing epithelial cheek cells. This study underscores the practicality of the proposed DLHM system for fieldwork applications.
Identification of the needs and priorities of older people and stakeholders in rural and urban areas of Santo Andre, Brazil
Authors: Casadei Donatelli Danyela , Goodman-Palmer Dina , Odland Maria Lisa , Agyapong-Badu Sandra , da Cruz-Alves Natalia , Rosenburg Meire , Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Greig Carolyn , Davies Justine , Barbosa do Nascimento Vânia , Ferriolli Eduardo
Published: May 2024

Background

There are few data reporting the needs and priorities of older adults in Brazil. This hampers the development and/or implementation of policies aimed at older adults to help them age well. The aim of this study was to understand areas of importance, priorities, enablers and obstacles to healthy ageing as identified by older adults and key stakeholders in both urban and rural environments.

Methods

Two locations were selected, one urban and one rural in the municipality of Santo André, in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (SP). Workshops for older adults (>60 y) and stakeholders were conducted separately in each location. The workshops incorporated an iterative process of discussion, prioritisation and ranking of responses, in roundtable groups and in plenary. Areas of commonality and differences between older adult and stakeholder responses were identified by comparing responses between groups as well as mapping obstacles and enablers to healthy ageing identified by older adults, to the priorities identified by stakeholder groups. The socio-ecologic model was used to categorise responses.

Results

There were few shared responses between stakeholders and older adults and little overlap between the top ranked responses of urban and rural groups. With respect to areas of importance, both stakeholder groups ranked policies for older people within their top five reponses. Both older adult groups ranked keeping physically and mentally active, and nurturing spirituality. There was a marked lack of congruence between older adults’ obstacles and enablers to healthy ageing and stakeholder priorities, in both urban and rural settings. Most responses were located within the Society domain of the socio-ecologic model, although older adults also responded within the Individual/ Relationships domains, particularly in ranking areas of most importance for healthy ageing.

Conclusions

Our results highlight substantial differences between older adults and stakeholders with respect to areas of importance, priorities, enablers and obstacles to healthy ageing, and point to the need for more engagement between those in advocacy and policymaking roles and the older people whose needs they serve.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of parmacotherapy for hand osteoarthritis
Authors: Wu Ruiqi , Peng Qinglin , Wang Weiwei , Zheng Jixian , Zhou Yi , Yang Qipei , Zhang Xuan , Li Hongyu , Meng Lin
Published: May 2024

Objective

Hand osteoarthritis poses a significant health challenge globally due to its increasing prevalence and the substantial burden on individuals and the society. In current clinical practice, treatment options for hand osteoarthritis encompass a range of approaches, including biological agents, antimetabolic drugs, neuromuscular blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormone medications, pain relievers, new synergistic drugs, and other medications. Despite the diverse array of treatments, determining the optimal regimen remains elusive. This study seeks to conduct a network meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of various drug intervention measures in the treatment of hand osteoarthritis. The findings aim to provide evidence-based support for the clinical management of hand osteoarthritis.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted until September 15th, 2022, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. After meticulous screening and data extraction, the Cochrane Handbook’s risk of bias assessment tool was applied to evaluate study quality. Data synthesis was carried out using Stata 15.1 software.

Results

21 studies with data for 3965 patients were meta-analyzed, involving 20 distinct Western medicine agents. GCSB-5, a specific herbal complex that mainly regulate pain in hand osteoarthritis, showed the greatest reduction in pain [WMD = -13.00, 95% CI (-26.69, 0.69)]. CRx-102, s specific medication characterized by its significant effect for relieving joint stiffness symptoms, remarkably mitigated stiffness [WMD = -7.50, 95% CI (-8.90, -6.10)]. Chondroitin sulfate displayed the highest incidence of adverse events [RR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.06, 1.22)]. No substantial variation in functional index for hand osteoarthritis score improvement was identified between distinct agents and placebo.

Conclusions

In summary, GCSB-5 and CRx-102 exhibit efficacy in alleviating pain and stiffness in HOA, respectively. However, cautious interpretation of the results is advised. Tailored treatment decisions based on individual contexts are imperative.