bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Principles Calculations of the Optical Response of LiNiO2
Authors: Kothalawala Veenavee Nipunika , Sasikala Devi Assa Aravindh , Nokelainen Johannes , Alatalo Matti , Barbiellini Bernardo , Hu Tao , Lassi Ulla , Suzuki Kosuke , Sakurai Hiroshi , Bansil Arun
Published: September 2022

We discuss optical properties of layered Lithium Nickel oxide (LiNiO2), which is an attractive cathode material for realizing cobalt-free lithium-ion batteries, within the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) framework. Exchange correlation effects are treated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the strongly-constrained-and-appropriately-normed (SCAN) meta-GGA schemes. A Hubbard parameter (U) is used to model Coulomb correlation effects on Ni 3d electrons. The GGA+U is shown to correctly predict an indirect (system wide) band gap of 0.46 eV in LiNiO2, while the GGA yields a bandgap of only 0.08 eV. The calculated refractive index and its energy dependence is found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. Finally, our computed optical energy loss function yields insight into the results of recent RIXS experiments on LiNiO2.
Expandable Fully Actuated Aerial Vehicle Assembly: Geometric Control Adapted from an Existing Flight Controller and Real-World Prototype Implementation
Authors: Shi Chuanbeibei , Wang Kaidi , Yu Yushu
Published: September 2022

An assembly composed of multiple aerial vehicles can realize omnidirectional motion with six degrees of freedom. Such an assembly has a heavier payload capacity and better fault tolerance compared with a single aircraft. Thus, such assemblies have the potential to become an ideal platform for manipulation. This paper investigates the controller design and prototype implementation for an expandable aerial vehicle assembly (AVA). The proposed AVA is composed of multiple sub-aircraft connected together via spherical joints at their center of mass. Each sub-aircraft can rotate around the spherical joint. The system dynamics of such an AVA can be separated into a slowly varying system and a fast varying system. The design criteria for a controller for this type of AVA was analyzed based on the similarity between the slowly varying system and a fully actuated rigid aircraft. This can reduce the design procedure for the controller and increase the expandability of the AVA. The stability criteria were carefully analyzed by considering the tracking error of each sub-aircraft. As an example, the controller of the AVA was designed using trajectory linearization control on the manifold, since the configuration space of the aircraft is a non-Euclidean space. A prototype composed of three quadrotors was implemented. The real-time expandable communication protocol among the different sub-aircraft was designed based on the CAN bus. Furthermore, the software and the hardware of the real-world prototype were developed. Both simulation and real-world tests were conducted, which validated the feasibility of the control design and the software implementation for an expandable assembly containing multiple aerial vehicles.
Aerial Branch Sampling to Detect Forest Pathogens
Authors: Perroy Ryan L. , Meier Philip , Collier Eszter , Hughes Marc A. , Brill Eva , Sullivan Timo , Baur Thomas , Buchmann Nina , Keith Lisa M.
Published: September 2022

Diagnostic testing to detect forest pathogens requires the collection of physical samples from affected trees, which can be challenging in remote or rugged environments. As an alternative to traditional ground-based sampling at breast height by field crews, we examined the feasibility of aerially sampling and testing material collected from upper canopy branches using a small unoccupied aerial system (sUAS). The pathogen of interest in this study is Ceratocystis lukuohia, the fungal pathogen responsible for Ceratocystis wilt of ‘ōhi‘a, a vascular wilt disease which has caused widespread mortality to ‘ōhi‘a in native forests across the state of Hawai‘i. To characterize the minimum branch diameter needed to successfully detect the pathogen of interest in infected trees, we tested 63 branch samples (0.8–9.6 cm in diameter) collected from felled trees inoculated with C.lukuohia on Hawai‘i Island. Subsequently, we aerially sampled branches from ten symptomatic ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees using two different branch sampling systems, the Flying Tree Top Sampler from ETH Zurich and the new Kūkūau branch sampler system introduced in this work, producing 29 branch samples with a maximum diameter of 4.2 cm and length of >2 m. We successfully detected the target fungal pathogen from the collected branches and found that branch diameter, leaf presence and condition, as well as wood moisture content are important factors in pathogen detection in sampled branches. None of the smallest branch samples (those <1 cm in diameter) tested positive for C.lukuohia, while 77% of the largest diameter branch samples (5–10 cm) produced positive results. The Kūkūau branch sampler system is capable of retrieving branches up to 7 cm diameter, providing important capacity for pathogenic research requiring larger diameter samples for successful diagnostic testing. Inconclusive and/or non-detection laboratory results were obtained from sample materials that were either too desiccated or from a branch with asymptomatic leaves, suggesting there is an optimal temporal window for sampling.
Auto-Encoder Learning-Based UAV Communications for Livestock Management
Authors: Alanezi Mohammed A. , Mohammad Abdullahi , Sha’aban Yusuf A. , Bouchekara Houssem R. E. H. , Shahriar Mohammad S.
Published: September 2022

The advancement in computing and telecommunication has broadened the applications of drones beyond military surveillance to other fields, such as agriculture. Livestock farming using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems requires surveillance and monitoring of animals on relatively large farmland. A reliable communication system between UAVs and the ground control station (GCS) is necessary to achieve this. This paper describes learning-based communication strategies and techniques that enable interaction and data exchange between UAVs and a GCS. We propose a deep auto-encoder UAV design framework for end-to-end communications. Simulation results show that the auto-encoder learns joint transmitter (UAV) and receiver (GCS) mapping functions for various communication strategies, such as QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK and 16QAM, without prior knowledge.
Unsupervised Ethograms of a Vulnerable Bird Species: The Red-Footed Falcon in Northern Italy
Authors: Ferrarini Alessandro , Gustin Marco
Published: September 2022

Behavioral and movement ecology have quickly advanced as a result of the development of biotelemetry devices and analytical techniques. Global positioning system (GPS) transmitters assist scientists in gathering location and movement data at detailed spatial and temporal resolutions. Machine-learning methods can then be applied to GPS data to provide insights into the ecological mechanisms of animal behavior and movements. By means of accurate GPS data-loggers, in 2019, 2020, and 2021, we tracked 8 red-footed falcons at the two largest colonies in Italy. We collected 13,484 GPS points and used recently introduced machine-learning methodology Unsupervised Animal Behaviour Examiner (UABE) to deduce the regular, nested, and hourly ethograms of the tracked individuals. We found clear and significant patterns of the red-footed falcons’ behaviors on monthly, daily, and hourly bases. Our study is a step forward in advancing the knowledge of this threatened species, and provides a baseline assessment of the current behavioral patterns of this red-footed falcon population, with which results of future studies can be compared to detect potential behavioral changes that act as early warnings of increased human disturbance.
Project-Based Learning for Teacher Training in Primary Education
Authors: Molina-Torres María-Pilar
Published: September 2022

Teaching at the university is subject to continuous methodological change, which poses a significant challenge when assessing teaching methodologies. The main objective of this research was to analyze the impact that project-based learning (PBL) has on knowledge acquisition concerning the Didactics of Social Sciences. The study involved 290 students of the Primary Education Degree at the University of Cordoba, Spain. In order to collect information, a survey with a Likert scale (1–5) consisting of fifteen items was used. The results of the study show the need to make changes in traditional teaching—so deeply rooted in Social Sciences learning—and the methodological deficiencies that future teachers have in relation to active learning. In sum, the research provides an insight into good teaching practices implemented at the university for initial teacher training and the development of their professional skills.
Integrating Communication and Sensor Arrays to Model and Navigate Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Perera Sirani M. , Myers Rodman J. , Sullivan Killian , Byassee Kyle , Song Houbing , Madanayake Arjuna
Published: September 2022

The emerging concept of drone swarms creates new opportunities with major societal implications. However, future drone swarm applications and services pose new communications and sensing challenges, particularly for collaborative tasks. To address these challenges, in this paper, we integrate sensor arrays and communication to propose a mathematical model to route a collection of autonomous unmanned aerial systems (AUAS), a so-called drone swarm or AUAS swarm, without having a base station of communication but communicating with each other using multiple spatio-temporal data. The theories of structured matrices, concepts in multi-beam beamforming, and sensor arrays are utilized to propose a swarm routing algorithm. We address the routing algorithm’s computational and arithmetic complexities, precision, and reliability. We measure bit-error-rate (BER) based on the number of elements in sensor arrays and beamformed output of the members of the swarm to authenticate and secure the routing for the decentralized AUAS networking. The proposed model has the potential to enable future drone swarm applications and services. Finally, we discuss future work on obtaining a machine-learning-based low-cost drone swarm routing algorithm.
FPGA-Based Implementation for Real-Time Epileptic EEG Classification Using Hjorth Descriptor and KNN
Authors: Rizal Achmad , Hadiyoso Sugondo , Ramdani Ahmad Zaky
Published: September 2022

The EEG is one of the main medical instruments used by clinicians in the analysis and diagnosis of epilepsy through visual observations or computers. Visual inspection is difficult, time-consuming, and cannot be conducted in real time. Therefore, we propose a digital system for the classification of epileptic EEG in real time on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The implemented digital system comprised a communication interface, feature extraction, and classifier model functions. The Hjorth descriptor method was used for feature extraction of activity, mobility, and complexity, with KNN was utilized as a predictor in the classification stage. The proposed system, run on a The Zynq-7000 FPGA device, can generate up to 90.74% accuracy in normal, inter-ictal, and ictal EEG classifications. FPGA devices provided classification results within 0.015 s. The total memory LUT resource used was less than 10%. This system is expected to tackle problems in visual inspection and computer processing to help detect epileptic EEG using low-cost resources while retaining high performance and real-time implementation.
A Novel Deep-Learning-Based Enhanced Texture Transformer Network for Reference Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Liu Changhong , Li Hongyin , Liang Zhongwei , Zhang Yongjun , Yan Yier , Zhong Ray Y. , Peng Shaohu
Published: September 2022

The study explored a deep learning image super-resolution approach which is commonly used in face recognition, video perception and other fields. These generative adversarial networks usually have high-frequency texture details. The relevant textures of high-resolution images could be transferred as reference images to low-resolution images. The latest existing methods use transformer ideas to transfer related textures to low-resolution images, but there are still some problems with channel learning and detailed textures. Therefore, the study proposed an enhanced texture transformer network (ETTN) to improve the channel learning ability and details of the texture. It could learn the corresponding structural information of high-resolution texture images and convert it into low-resolution texture images. Through this, finding the feature map can change the exact feature of images and improve the learning ability between channels. We then used multi-scale feature integration (MSFI) to further enhance the effect of fusion and achieved different degrees of texture restoration. The experimental results show that the model has a good resolution enhancement effect on texture transformers. In different datasets, the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were improved by 0.1–0.5 dB and 0.02, respectively.
A 6-Bit 20 GS/s Time-Interleaved Two-Step Flash ADC in 40 nm CMOS
Authors: Oh Dong-Ryeol
Published: September 2022

A 6-bit 20 GS/s 16-channel time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using a two-step flash ADC with a sample-and-hold (S/H) sharing technique and a gain-boosted voltage-to-time converter (VTC) is presented for high-speed wireline communication systems. By sharing one S/H between coarse and fine stages in the two-step flash ADC, the input bandwidth as well as area and power efficiency can be improved without a gain error between coarse and fine ADCs. Thanks to an eight-time interpolation using the gain-boosted VTC, the fine ADC has a small gate capacitance without a speed penalty, even in a small input voltage range. A prototype ADC implemented in a 40 nm CMOS process occupies a 0.1 mm2 active area. The measured differential non-linearity (DNL) and integral non-linearity (INL) after offset and gain calibrations were 0.45 and 0.39 least significant bit (LSB), respectively. With a 9.042 GHz input, the measured signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) were 30.12 and 40.23 dB, respectively. The small input capacitance of the sub-ADC enables a power-efficient track-and-hold amplifier (THA), resulting in a power consumption of 56.2 mW under a supply voltage of 0.9 V. The prototype ADC achieves a figure of merit (FoM) of 107.4 fJ/conversion-step at 20 GS/s.
Localization of Small Objectives from Scattering Parameter via Bistatic Measurement Configuration
Authors: Son Seong-Ho , Park Won-Kwang
Published: September 2022

We develop a sampling-type algorithm for localizing a small object from scattering parameter data measured in a bistatic configuration. To this end, we design a sampling-type imaging function based on the integral equation formula for the scattering parameter. To clarify its applicability, we show that the imaging function can be expressed by the bistatic angle, antenna arrangement, and Bessel function of an integer order. This result reveals some properties of the imaging function and influence of the selection of the bistatic angle. Numerical experiments are carried out for single and multiple small and large objectives to illustrate the pros and cons of the developed algorithm.
Living Status and Perspective of the Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Lower Reach of the Yangtze River: Insights from Population Distribution, Age Structure, and Habitat Preference Analyses
Authors: Fang Di-an , Sun Haibo , Peng Yunxin , Kuang Zhen , Zhou Yanfeng , Xu Dongpo
Published: September 2022

Using systemic, periodic surveys from 2015 to 2019, population distribution, speculated age and habitat preference were analyzed to assess the living status for the Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the lower Yangtze River. Small Silver Carps became more temporarily abundant in spring and autumn, and the catch per unit effort (CPUE) fluctuated yearly. Spatially, going from Anqing (AQ) to Changshu (CS), Silver Carps in the 200 mm standard length(SL) group became less abundant, whereas those in the 400–600 mm and >600 mm SL groups steadily increased. According to the Von Bertalanffy growth equation, the Silver Carp exhibits isometric growth, and the inflection point of SL and body weight (BW) were 564.01mm and 2948.31g, respectively, with a growth characteristic index (φ) of 5.0655. The fish dominant age range was 0+ to 5 years, reflecting the young age composition of the fish. Furthermore, the habitat survey findings revealed that the Silver Carp has the different preference on habitat selection in different life history. Juvenile Silver Carps were comparatively staying in the lower Yangtze River, where there exists a relatively stable bifurcated river. Adult fishes were mostly found in the CS and Nantong(NT) section where the river is wide and the food is rich. When compared with the historical survey data, it was found that the Silver Carp live in the AQ through NT section. The living status and perspective of the Silver Carp in the lower reach of the Yangtze River were clarified, and future work should be more concerned with the strengthening of conservation and the restoration of adequate habitat.
Analysis of At-Haulback Mortality and Influencing Factors of Indian Ocean Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
Authors: Guo Yingcong , Wang Xuefang , Li Xiuzhen , Wu Feng , Zhu Jiangfeng
Published: September 2022

The at-haulback mortality of swordfish (Xiphias gladius), a highly migratory fish, in the Indian Ocean during tuna longline fishery is a concern of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission Fisheries Management. We obtained the data of 1144 swordfish recorded in 1925 operations in the Indian Ocean by Chinese tuna longline observers from 2012–2018. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the at-haulback mortality of swordfish and the potential influencing factors. The overall mortality rate of swordfish was 64.0%, and the average female size was 166.3 cm (SD = 32.5 cm), with an observed at-haulback mortality rate of 64.3%. The average male size was 155.1 cm (SD = 25.6 cm), which was smaller than females. The observed at-haulback mortality rate was 63.6%. No significant difference was observed between the sexes. Quarter, longitude, hook type, and Lower Jaw-Fork Length (LJFL) had a significant effect on the at-haulback condition when fish were retrieved onboard. Longitude and LJFL had a significant effect on the at-haulback mortality of swordfish. When the capture position was closer to the east, the at-haulback mortality decreased and LJFL increased. The interaction term of hook type and LJFL had a significant effect on at-haulback mortality. When using the circle hook and other hook types, the greater the LFJL, the greater the mortality rate; the opposite was true for Japanese tuna hooks. We provide information for understanding the at-haulback mortality of swordfish bycatch by Chinese tuna longline fishing fleets in the Indian Ocean and its influencing factors, which will help the future conservation and management of swordfish.
Innovative Application of Metabolomics on Bioactive Ingredients of Foods
Authors: Hu Sumei , Liu Caiyu , Liu Xinqi
Published: September 2022

Metabolomics, as a new omics technology, has been widely accepted by researchers and has shown great potential in the field of nutrition and health in recent years. This review briefly introduces the process of metabolomics analysis, including sample preparation and extraction, derivatization, separation and detection, and data processing. This paper focuses on the application of metabolomics in food-derived bioactive ingredients. For example, metabolomics techniques are used to analyze metabolites in food to find bioactive substances or new metabolites in food materials. Moreover, bioactive substances have been tested in vitro and in vivo, as well as in humans, to investigate the changes of metabolites and the underlying metabolic pathways, among which metabolomics is used to find potential biomarkers and targets. Metabolomics provides a new approach for the prevention and regulation of chronic diseases and the study of the underlying mechanisms. It also provides strong support for the development of functional food or drugs. Although metabolomics has some limitations such as low sensitivity, poor repeatability, and limited detection range, it is developing rapidly in general, and also in the field of nutrition and health. At the end of this paper, we put forward our own insights on the development prospects of metabolomics in the application of bioactive ingredients in food.
Octenyl Succinic Anhydride-Modified Starch Attenuates Body Weight Gain and Changes Intestinal Environment of High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Authors: Chen Jia-Ping , Maierheba Kuerbanjiang , Zhang Ying , Cheng Hui , Lin Binbin , Yue Pan , Wang Le-Hua , Liu Feng-Zhi , Shi Jun-Wen , Wan Zhong-Xiao , Wang Xiao-Ping , Xu Jianteng , Qin Li-Qiang , Bai Yanjie
Published: September 2022

Effects of octenylsuccinate (OS) starch on body composition and intestinal environment in high-fat diet-fed mice were investigated. C57BL/6J mice were treated with a regular-fat (RF) diet, a high-fat (HF) diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with OS starch (HFOSS). Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified using gas chromatography, and the fecal microbiota profile was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. One-way ANOVA and metastats analysis were performed for statistical analysis. After 22 weeks of feeding, mice in the HFOSS group had significantly lower body weight, body fat, liver weight, and cumulative food intake than those in the HF group but higher than that of the RF group. Fecal total SCFA, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid concentrations were significantly higher in the HFOSS group than that in the HF and RF groups. OS starch intervention increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Alistipes, and Ruminiclostridium_5 and decreased that of Tyzzerella, Oscillibacter, Desulfovibrio, and Anaerotruncus compared with the RF and HF groups. The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 in the HFOSS group was lower than that in the HF group but higher than that in the RF group. In conclusion, OS starch prevents fat accumulation in high-fat diet-fed mice and might provide potential health benefits due to its fermentability in the gut and its ability to regulate gut microbial community structure.
Valorization of Fish Processing By-Products: Microstructural, Rheological, Functional, and Properties of Silver Carp Skin Type I Collagen
Authors: Guan Yongxin , He Jianlin , Chen Junde , Li Yushuang , Zhang Xingkun , Zheng Yan , Jia Linyan
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to develop aquatic collagen production from fish processing by-product skin as a possible alternative to terrestrial sources. Silver carp skin collagen (SCSC) was isolated and identified as type I collagen, and LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the SCSC as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix type I collagen, where the yield of SCSC was 40.35 ± 0.63% (dry basis weight). The thermal denaturation temperature (Td) value of SCSC was 30.37 °C, which was superior to the collagen of deep-sea fish and freshwater fish. Notably, SCSC had higher thermal stability than human placental collagen, and the rheological experiments showed that the SCSC was a shear-thinning pseudoplastic fluid. Moreover, SCSC was functionally superior to some other collagens from terrestrial sources, such as sheep, chicken cartilage, and pig skin collagen. Additionally, SCSC could provide a suitable environment for MC3T3-E1 cell growth and maintain normal cellular morphology. These results indicated that SCSC could be used for further applications in food, cosmetics, and biomedical fields.
Analysis of Lipids in Pitaya Seed Oil by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yijun , Tu Xinghao , Lin Lijing , Du Liqing , Feng Xingqin
Published: September 2022

Red pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is an essential tropical fruit in China. To make more rational use of its processing, byproducts and fruit seeds, and the type, composition, and relative content of lipids in pitaya seed oil were analyzed by UPLC-TOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the main fatty acids in pitaya seed oil were linoleic acid 42.78%, oleic acid 27.29%, and palmitic acid 16.66%. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids was close to 1:1.32:1.75. The mass spectrum behavior and fracture mechanism of four lipid components, TG 54:5|TG 18:1_18:2_18:2, were analyzed. In addition, lipids are an essential indicator for evaluating the quality of oils and fats, and 152 lipids were isolated and identified from pitaya seed oil for the first time, including 136 glycerides and 16 phospholipids. The main components of glyceride and phospholipids were triglycerides and phosphatidyl ethanol, providing essential data support for pitaya seed processing and functional product development.
Synchronizability of Multilayer Directed Dutch Windmill Networks
Authors: Wu Yongqing , Zhang Xiao
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the synchronizability of multilayer directed Dutch windmill networks with the help of the master stability function method. Here, we propose three types of multilayer directed networks with different linking patterns, namely, inter-layer directed networks (Networks-A), intra-layer directed networks (Networks-B), and hybrid directed networks (Networks-C), and rigorously derive the analytical expressions of the eigenvalue spectrum on the basis of their supra-Laplacian matrix. It is found that network structure parameters (such as the number of layers and nodes, the intra-layer and the inter-layer coupling strengths) have a significant impact on the synchronizability in the case of the two typical synchronized regions. Finally, in order to confirm that the theoretical conclusions are correct, simulation experiments of multilayer directed network are delivered.
Characterization of Ceramic Thermal Shock Cracks Based on the Multifractal Spectrum
Authors: Shao Changxu , Guo Hao , Meng Songhe , Shao Yingfeng , Wang Shanxiang , Xie Shangjian , Qi Fei
Published: September 2022

Ceramics are commonly used as high-temperature structural materials which are easy to fracture because of the propagation of thermal shock cracks. Characterizing and controlling crack propagation are significant for the improvement of the thermal shock resistance of ceramics. However, observing crack morphology, based on macro and SEM images, costs much time and potentially includes subjective factors. In addition, complex cracks cannot be counted and will be simplified or omitted. Fractals are suitable to describe complex and inhomogeneous structures, and the multifractal spectrum describes this complexity and heterogeneity in more detail. This paper proposes a crack characterization method based on the multifractal spectrum. After thermal shocks, the multifractal spectrum of alumina ceramics was obtained, and the crack fractal features were extracted. Then, a deep learning method was employed to extract features and automatically classify ceramic crack materials with different strengths, with a recognition accuracy of 87.5%.
Leveraging mHealth and Virtual Reality to Improve Cognition for Alzheimer’s Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Sen Keya , Armenta Valery , Hubbard Nicole , Brooks Rebekah
Published: September 2022

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a global problem affecting 58 million people, expected to reach a prevalence of 88 million people by 2050. The disease affects the brain, memory, cognition, language, and motor movement. Many interventions have sought to improve memory and cognition. mHealth and virtual reality (VR) are two such interventions. Objectives: To analyze studies from the last 10 years with older adults with AD to ascertain the effectiveness of telehealth techniques such as mHealth and VR for memory care. Methods: In accordance with the Kruse Protocol and reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020, five reviewers searched four research databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) on 3 August 2022 for studies with strong methodologies that fit the objective statement. Results: Twenty-two studies from 13 countries were analyzed for trends. Four interventions (mHealth/eHealth, VR, mHealth + VR, game console, and telephone) used RCT, quasi-experimental, pre-post, observational, and mixed methods. These interventions improved cognition, memory, brain activity, language, depression, attention, vitality, quality of life, cortical atrophy, cerebral blood flow, neuro plasticity, and mental health. Only three interventions reported either no improvements or no statistically significant improvements. Cost, time, training, and low reimbursement were barriers to the adoption of these interventions. Conclusion: mHealth and VR offer interventions with positive effectiveness for memory care for AD. The long-term effect of this improvement is unclear. Additional research is needed in this area to establish clinical practice guidelines.
Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Cardiopulmonary Fitness with High-Risk Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Choi Seok Yeon , Kim Ji Hee
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome in Korea has steadily increased, however, the understanding of and participation rate in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is very low. There are few studies have been conducted in myocardial infarction (MI) patients with reduced heart function, a so-called high-risk group. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the effects of CR on the degree of improvement in cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF), whether MI patients participate or not, especially in the patients that are at a high risk of MI. Three hundred and ninety-four patients that were commissioned for CR between January 2016 and December 2020 were screened for risk stratification based on the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation guidelines, and 115 were classified as high-risk patients. We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent both an exercise tolerance test (ETT) during the initial visit and 3 months after the onset of the study. During this period, 42 subjects were included, of which, 26 underwent at least one CR session and 16 did not. The baseline characteristics of the patients showed no significant differences. The results of the CPF improvement were measured as peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) values which were derived through the ETT. Prior to the ETT, all of the demographic features, including ejection fraction, showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups. The initial CPF values were the same. However, after three months, the VO2 peak and METs values showed that there were significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.01). Additionally, the exercise time differed significantly between the two groups. The CPF values and exercise time showed a significant increase after 3 months in the CR participants. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate cardiac rehabilitation especially in high-risk patients as soon as the patient’s vital signs are stable to improve their cardiopulmonary function.
Improving the Physical Health of Psychiatric Hospital Residents: An Evaluation of an Obesity Education Program for Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Opusunju Ellis E. , Palmieri Patrick A. , Dominguez-Cancino Karen A. , Jaque-Ortiz Sebastian , Whitehead Diane K.
Published: September 2022

Background: People living with mental health disorders are at increased risk for developing obesity due to poor diet, physical inactivity, and antipsychotic medications. In the United States, the obesity rate is 36% in the general population and more than 50% for people living with mental health disorders. Although mental health clinicians concentrate on managing psychiatric disorders, they seldom recognize the gradual increase in body mass index of their patients. The result is a disconnection between the clinical management of psychiatric disorders and the medical management of obesity. Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of an evidence-based education program for improving the obesity management practices of mental health clinicians caring for residents at a state psychiatric hospital. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study design with a pretest and posttest evaluation. Convenience sampling was used to recruit mental health professionals, or clinicians, at a large psychiatric hospital in the Southern region of the United States. Data was collected with the Advising and Treating Overweight and Obese Patient questionnaire (17 items). Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings were reported in accordance with the TREND and GREET guidelines. Results: The education program was completed by 50 MHCs. The pretest indicated that 76% of MHCs were not involved in helping obese residents manage their weight, but the posttest indicated 90% were involved. There was a significant increase in MHC knowledge about obesity management and reported actions 90-days after the program. MHCs were unable to arrange follow-up visits for residents, a task not directly within their control. Conclusions: Mental health clinicians reported increased knowledge and improved clinical practice after an education program. Because the outcomes were reported at 90-days after the program, further research needs to evaluate the longitudinal impact of this type of program, where the reported behaviors are correlated to process and clinical outcome measures for obesity.
The Experience of the Transition from a Student Nurse to a Registered Nurse of Kuwaiti Newly Graduated Registered Nurses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kreedi Fatmah , Brown Michael , Marsh Lynne
Published: September 2022

Background: The experience of the transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse is a challenging period for newly graduated registered nurses. Aim: To explore newly graduated registered nurses’ experiences of transition from student to registered nurse in clinical practice. Design: A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 Kuwaiti newly graduated registered nurses. Findings: The findings generated three themes: nursing support; education preparation; and psychological wellbeing. Discussion and conclusion: This study is the first in Kuwait aiming to understand Kuwaiti national newly graduated registered nurses’ transition experiences from student nurses to registered nurses in clinical practice. While the study revealed that newly graduated registered nurses received limited organisational support, the nursing policymakers in health care organisations and nursing education in Kuwait need to develop plans to improve newly graduated registered nurses’ knowledge, skills and confidence and align them with the roles and realities of actual nursing practice, to improve retention. There is a need to change the societal image of nursing in Kuwait by highlighting the importance of the nursing profession within the health care delivery. The study recommends further research on newly graduated registered nurses’ transition experiences into their new nursing roles to identify the factors behind their decision to stay or to leave, as this could offer possible solutions to address newly graduated registered nurses’ retention in the future.
Rasch Modeling and Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the Usability of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aljaberi Musheer A. , Lee Kuo-Hsin , Alareqe Naser A. , Qasem Mousa A. , Alsalahi Abdulsamad , Abdallah Atiyeh M. , Noman Sarah , Al-Tammemi Ala’a B. , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham , Lin Chung-Ying
Published: September 2022

Background: Several instruments are currently used to assess Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) -induced psychological distress, including the 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The IES-R is a self-administered scale used to assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study aimed to examine the construct validity of the IES-R, based on the Rasch model, with COVID-19-related data, as well as to test the multilevel construct validity of the IES-R within and among countries during the pandemic crisis. Methods: A multi-country web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted utilizing the 22-item IES-R. A total of 1020 participants enrolled in our survey, of whom 999 were included in the analyses. Data were analyzed using Rasch modeling and multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA). Results: The Rasch modeling results of the IES-R demonstrated that the IES-R is a satisfactory instrument with the five-point Likert scale, asserting that its 22 items are significant contributors to assessing PTSD as a unidimensional construct covered by the items of the IES-R. The MCFA confirmed that the 22-item IES-R, with its three factors, including intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, demonstrates adequate construct validity at the within- and among-country levels. However, the results of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) model determined that the 16-item IES-R is better than the 22-item IES-R. Conclusion: The results suggested that the 22-item IES-R is a reliable screening instrument for measuring PTSD related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and can be utilized to provide timely psychological health support, when needed, based on the screening results.
Pharmacotherapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Coupled Life: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study of a Complex Interaction
Authors: Rosa Debora , Perger Elisa , Villa Giulia , Bonetti Loris , Storti Valeria , Cartabia Elisa , Ledonne Giuseppina , Lombardi Carolina , Beatrice Albanesi , Amigoni Carla , Parati Gianfranco
Published: September 2022

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a common chronic sleep-related breathing disorder. Drug therapy is a recent approach to treating OSA, and no data is available regarding its effects on a couple’s life. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact on couples’ lives of a novel drug treatment for OSA. Methods: Participants of a trial on new drug therapy (reboxetine plus oxybutynin) for OSA were interviewed. The study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach by Sundler et al. Results: Ten patients and six of their partners were recruited through a purposive sampling between February and April 2021. The results indicate that drug treatment of OSA had a favourable impact on the couples’ lives. Pharmacotherapy improved self-reported sleep quality, as the absence of CPAP allows people to sleep closer to the bed partner and because the patient does not have to sleep in a forced position. Moreover, the couples developed teamwork from the beginning which appeared to be crucial during the trial, especially when some difficulties and adverse events occurred. Conclusions: This study presents the presence of a positive closed loop that could be considered a predictor of adherence to drug therapy.
Measuring Disability among Migrants with Washington Group Tools: Reflections for Field Use
Authors: Tofani Marco , Galeoto Giovanni , Berardi Anna , Iorio Silvia , Conte Antonella , Fabbrini Giovanni , Valente Donatella , Marceca Maurizio
Published: September 2022

Measuring disability among migrants is a significant challenge; however, there is no consensus on how to measure disability and functional limitations. The present study reports a methodological approach to measure disability in refugees and asylum seekers using Washington Group (WG) tools, namely the WG Short Set (WG-SS), the Short Set Enhanced (WG-SS-E), and the Extended Set on Functioning (WG-ES). We interviewed 161 migrants in different regions of Italy. The recommended threshold for each WG tool was used. We identified 13.7% of migrants with disabilities using the WG-SS, 21.7% using the WG-SS-E, and 31.6% using the WG-ES. Anxiety and depression were the main weights to identify migrants with disabilities (11.8%). The WG-SS does not measure mental health, and therefore we do not suggest its use in the field. However, the WG-SS-E, together with some questions on pain and fatigue, should be considered to identify migrants with a greater risk of disability.
Effectiveness of Dry Needling of Myofascial Trigger Points in the Triceps Surae Muscles: Systematic Review
Authors: Lucena-Anton David , Luque-Moreno Carlos , Valencia-Medero Jesus , Garcia-Munoz Cristina , Moral-Munoz Jose A.
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the effects of Dry Needling (DN) for the release of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the triceps surae muscles (TSM). A systematic review was performed up to February 2022 in PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. Selection criteria were studies involving subjects older than 18 years presenting MTrPs in the TSM, without any concomitant acute or chronic musculoskeletal conditions; DN interventions applied to the MTrPs of the TSM; and results on pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, muscle stiffness, and functional outcomes. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies, and the Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 to assess risk of bias. A total of 12 studies were included in the systematic review, involving 426 participants. These results suggest that DN of MTrPs in TSM could have a positive impact on muscle stiffness and functional outcomes. There are inconclusive findings on musculoskeletal pain, ROM, and muscle strength. Significant results were obtained in favor of the control groups on pressure pain thresholds. Despite the benefits obtained on muscle stiffness and functional performance, the evidence for the use of DN of MTrPs in the TSM remains inconclusive.
Ultrasound-Guided Injections and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation as Shoulder Rehabilitation for Multiple Sclerosis and Neuropathic Pain
Authors: de Sire Alessandro , Moggio Lucrezia , Marotta Nicola , Fortunato Francesco , Spalek Renata , Inzitari Maria Teresa , Paolucci Teresa , Ammendolia Antonio
Published: September 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents a major cause of chronic neurological disability in young adults and can result in upper limb sensorimotor impairment with a huge impact on manual dexterity and activities of daily living. Moreover, pain is common in MS and a large proportion of patients suffer from central neuropathic pain. To date, no rehabilitative treatment has been described as useful for these patients. A 46-year-old woman, affected by relapsing-remittent MS, described a one-year history of right shoulder pain (Visual Analogue Scale = 8) that started gradually and without trauma. The patient also presented balance and gait impairments, upper limb strength deficit, and fatigue (Expanded Disability Status Scale = 5.5). A multidisciplinary treatment was proposed, including three intra-articular corticosteroid injections and one month of manual therapy, three sessions/week, based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation for the upper limb. At the end of the rehabilitative treatment, pain relief and an improvement in the range of motion of the affected shoulder, upper limb muscle strength, and hand dexterity were observed. The present paradigmatic case report with literature review demonstrated that a multidisciplinary approach seems to be effective in pain relief in a patient with central neuropathic shoulder pain and relapsing-remitting MS.
Consequences of Nurse Presenteeism in Switzerland and Portugal and Strategies to Minimize It: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pereira Filipa , Querido Ana , Verloo Henk , Bieri Marion , Laranjeira Carlos
Published: September 2022

Nurses exhibit higher rates of presenteeism than other professionals, with consequences for the quality of care and patient safety. However, nurses’ perceptions of these issues have been poorly explored. This study investigated the perceptions and experiences of frontline nurses and nurse managers in Switzerland and Portugal about the consequences of presenteeism and strategies to minimize it in different healthcare settings. Our qualitative study design used video focus groups involving 55 participants from both countries. Thematic analysis of their transcribed discussions revealed six themes surrounding the consequences of presenteeism: the personal impact on nurses’ health and wellbeing, on their family relationships, and on professional frustration and dissatisfaction; the professional impact on work dynamics; the social impact on the quality of care and patient safety and on society’s impressions of the profession. At the individual, collective, and institutional levels, six strategies were evoked to minimize presenteeism: encouraging professionals’ self-knowledge; creating a positive work atmosphere; facilitating communication channels; developing a positive organizational culture; implementing preventive/curative institutional interventions; identifying and documenting situations linked to presenteeism. Nurses’ perceptions and experiences provided a deeper understanding of their presenteeism and revealed underused pathways toward preventing and minimizing presenteeism via bottom-up approaches.
Trichomes’ Micromorphology and Their Evolution in Selected Species of Causonis (Vitaceae)
Authors: Parmar Gaurav , Zaman Wajid
Published: September 2022

The Vitaceae genus Causonis is found in tropical to temperate climates from Asia to Australia, including the Pacific Islands. Rafinesque established the genus in 1930; however, Süssenguth classified it under Cayratia as a sect. Discypharia in 1953. The genus was resurrected in 2013 using morphological and genetic evidence. We herein provided insight into the diversity of trichomes’ micromorphology of selected species of this recently reinstated genus for taxonomical implication. Simple trichomes, representing non-glandular and unbranched trichomes, are only found in Causonis. Trichomes vary from straight, curved, hooked, appressed, pilose, to villous in different parts like branchlets, abaxial leaf surface, and adaxial leaf surface in different species. They also vary in the same plant from the young stage to the mature stage. Most species are pubescent when young, but a few species become nearly glabrous when they are mature. Significant variations can be observed in trichomes’ length between the species. Principal component analysis (PCA), based on the micromorphological traits, was carried out for the species delimitation. In Mesquite, ancestral character state reconstruction was used to examine evolutionary trends for trichomes on three different surfaces. The glabrous to sparsely pubescent state found on the branchlets and both leaf surfaces were found to be the ancestral state and, on the branchlets and both leaf surfaces, the villous hairs state was the derived state in the genus. The identification of Causonis species is greatly aided by trichomes morphology. Therefore, similar studies should be conducted on other Vitaceae genera to reveal the variety of trichomes found in the family.