bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organisational change to integrate self‐management into specialised mental health services: Creating collaborative spaces
Authors: Strong Susan , Letts Lori , Gillespie Alycia , Martin Mary‐Lou , McNeely Heather E.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Self‐management support for schizophrenia has become expected practice leaving organisations to find ways for feasible implementation. Self‐management support involves a foundational cultural shift for traditional disease‐based services, new ways of clients‐providers working together, coupled with delivering a portfolio of tools and techniques. A new model of self‐management support embedded into traditional case management services, called SET for Health (Self‐management Engaging Together for Health),  was designed and tailored to make such services meaningfully accessible to clients of a tertiary care centre. This paper describes the proof of concept demonstration efforts, the successes/challenges, and initial organisational changes.

Method

An integrated knowledge translation approach was selected as a means to foster organisational change grounded in users' daily realities. Piloting the model in two community case management programmes, we asked two questions: Can a model of self‐management support be embedded in existing case management and delivered within routine specialised mental health services? What organisational changes support implementation?

Results

Fifty‐one clients were enroled. Indicators of feasible delivery included 72.5% completion of self‐management plans in a diverse sample, exceeding the 44% set minimum; and an attrition rate of 21.6%, less than 51% set maximum. Through an iterative evaluation process, the innovation evolved to a targeted hybrid approach revolving around client goals and a core set of co‐created reference tools, supplemental tools and resources. Operationalisation by use of tools was implemented to create spaces for client‐provider collaborations. Monitoring of organisational changes identified realignment of practices. Changes were made to procedures and operations to further spread and sustain the model.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated how self‐management support can be implemented, within existing resources, for routine delivery of specialised services for individuals living with schizophrenia. The model holds promise as a hybrid option for supporting clients to manage their own health and wellness.
Determination of dexamethasone dose for cortisol suppression in adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Phillips Kimberley A. , Lopez Matthew , Salmon Adam B. , Ross Corinna N. , Abbott David H. , Capitanio John P.
Published: July 2022

We conducted a dose–response study of dexamethasone to investigate an optimal dexamethasone suppression test for common marmosets. Twelve marmosets received 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg dexamethasone. Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg both suppressed endogenous cortisol for at least 18 h with greater individual variability in the lower 0.5 mg/kg dose.
Prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality in the prison population: A systematic review
Authors: Sheppard Nia , Hogan Lee
Published: July 2022

Insomnia is a public health concern with several associated negative health‐related outcomes. Risk factors for insomnia place the prison population at an increased risk of inadequate sleep. This paper systematically reviewed the literature reporting on the prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality in the prison population. Following a comprehensive database search and screening process, 12 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Six studies provided prevalence rates for insomnia and nine for poor sleep quality. Varied prevalence rates were found for insomnia (i.e. 26.2%–72.5%) and poor sleep quality (i.e. 42.8%–88.2%). Evaluation of the prevalence rates revealed varied measurement of sleep quality, inconsistent parameters of standardised measures, and methodological heterogeneity. Other considerations were given to geographical differences, the use of self‐report data, gender difference, environmental factors and comorbidities of insomnia. The review highlighted an increase in the quantity of studies and some improved quality; although the findings were highly variable, in the main, inadequate sleep amongst prisoners was higher than the general population. Limitations of the review and implications for further research are discussed.
Hepatitis B e antigen and e antibody in a multi‐ethnic cohort of adult chronic hepatitis B virus patients followed at a single liver unit for a period of 20 years
Authors: Mutimer David , Elsharkawy Ahmed , Hathorn Emma , Arunkumar Selvi
Published: July 2022

Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) loss and the appearance of antibodies to HBeAg (anti‐HBe) are favourable events in the history of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection. Most CHB patients have the HBeAg/anti‐HBe profiles +/− or −/+, and little is published on the derivation or fate of the +/+ and −/− profiles. We have used electronically accessible patient data to study the HBeAg and anti‐HBe profiles of a multi‐ethnic cohort of adult HBV patients seen at a single centre over a period of more than 20 years. 3594 HBsAg‐positive patients were identified and patients with viral coinfection or acute HBV infection were excluded. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of HBeAg/anti‐HBe status were undertaken. Compared with White or Black patients, Chinese and Asian patients are more likely to be HBeAg positive during child‐bearing years. Patients with +/+ profile are likely to undergo HBeAg loss and seroconversion during relatively short follow‐up. Chinese patients have a relatively increased rate of seroconversion. For HBeAg‐positive patients, the risk of seroconversion diminishes with advancing age. Despite HBeAg loss, seroconversion is seldom observed after age 60 years. The proportion of HBV patients with −/− increases with age, and most acquire this profile by HBeAg loss but without antecedent seroconversion. −/− patients can lose HBsAg and develop anti‐HBs. It was not possible to demonstrate a favourable impact of antiviral treatment on the rate of HBeAg seroconversion.
Differential immune response to xenobiotic‐modified self‐molecule in simple and connective tissue disease‐associated primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Ge Shangqing , Xu Qinyao , Li Haiyan , Shao Tihong , Zhong Feng , Leung Patrick S. C. , Shuai Zongwen
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

Our previous studies demonstrated that 2‐octynoic acid (2OA) might alter the conformational structure of the inner lipoic acid (LA) binding domain (ILD) in the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC‐E2), leading to the loss of immune tolerance in simple primary biliary cholangitis (S‐PBC). Here, we further explore if this etiological mechanism also accounts for connective tissue disease‐associated PBC (CTD‐PBC).

Methods

Intein‐mediated protein ligation was used to prepare ILD, LA‐ILD and 2OA‐ILD, and their reactivity with serum samples from 124 S‐PBC and 132 CTD‐PBC patients was examined. The antibodies to LA, 2OA, LA‐ILD and 2OA‐ILD, the isotypes of antibodies to LA, 2OA and ILD, were comparatively detected between the two patient groups by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting.

Results

Both the percentage and reactivity of antibody to 2OA in S‐PBC were significantly higher than in CTD‐PBC. Antibodies to 2OA and to LA between the two groups separately shared the same characteristics. Remarkably, coexistence of the antibodies to LA‐ILD and to 2OA, and coexistence of the antibodies to LA and to 2OA in S‐PBC were both significantly more frequent than in CTD‐PBC, whereas the percentage of anti‐LA antibody without anti‐2OA antibody in S‐PBC was markedly lower than in CTD‐PBC. Moreover, the isotype of antibody to LA was predominantly IgG in CTD‐PBC, whilst this isotype was mainly IgM in S‐PBC.

Conclusion

Xenobiotic 2OA might play less important pathogenic role in CTD‐PBC than in S‐PBC, suggesting that different underlying mechanisms are involved in their immune intolerance to PDC‐E2.
Photoacoustic imaging for microcirculation
Authors: Mirg Shubham , Turner Kevin L. , Chen Haoyang , Drew Patrick J. , Kothapalli Sri‐Rajasekhar
Published: July 2022

Microcirculation facilitates the blood‐tissue exchange of nutrients and regulates blood perfusion. It is, therefore, essential in maintaining tissue health. Aberrations in microcirculation are potentially indicative of underlying cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Thus, quantitative information about it is of great clinical relevance. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a capable technique that relies on the generation of imaging contrast via the absorption of light and can image at micron‐scale resolution. PAI is especially desirable to map microvasculature as hemoglobin strongly absorbs light and can generate a photoacoustic signal. This paper reviews the current state of the art for imaging microvascular networks using photoacoustic imaging. We further describe how quantitative information about blood dynamics such as the total hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood flow rate is obtained using PAI. We also discuss its importance in understanding key pathophysiological processes in neurovascular, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and cancer research fields. We then discuss the current challenges and limitations of PAI and the approaches that can help overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide the reader with an overview of future trends in the field of PAI for imaging microcirculation.
Comparison of features and outcomes between HIV‐negative patients with Cryptococcus gattii meningitis and Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in South China
Authors: Su Xiao‐Hong , Li Wei‐Peng , Liu Jun‐Yu , Wang Yi‐Jie , Liu Jia , Xu Xiao‐Feng , Yang Lu , Xia Han , Jiang Ying , Peng Fu‐Hua
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The objective of this study is to compare the epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features, and outcomes in patients with Cryptococcus gattii meningitis (CGM) and Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis (CNM).

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of HIV‐negative patients with CGM and CNM (2015–2021) distinguished by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing in cerebrospinal fluid in South China.

Results

A total of 81 patients (17 CGM, 64 CNM) were enrolled (72.8% male, median age 49 years, range 21–77 years), and CGM patients were younger (median, 43 vs 53 years, p = .005). Of 17 CGM, VGI and VGII accounted for 70.6% and 29.4%, respectively. CGM patients had less underlying diseases (7/17 [41.2%] vs 48/64 [75%], p = .018) and focal neurologic deficit (3/17 [17.6%] vs 35/64 [54.7%], p = .022), had higher intracranial pressure (15/17 [88.2%] vs 25/64 [39.1%], p = .002), more meningeal enhancement (14/17 [82.4%] vs 32/64 [50%], p = .034), less parenchymal involvement (median, 1 vs 3, p = .018), more lung cryptococcomas (6/12 [50%] vs 6/47 [12.8%], p = .014), faster CSF fungal clearance (p = .004), less complications (median, 1 vs 3, p < .001), and more favourable outcomes (16/17 [94.1%] vs 41/64 [64.1%], p = .035).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that species identification helps to guide therapy and predict outcomes.
Implementation of an electroencephalogram‐guided propofol anesthesia education program in an academic pediatric anesthesia practice
Authors: Yuan Ian , Missett Richard M. , Jones‐Oguh Sheri , Massa Christopher B. , Babus Lenard W. , Garcia‐Marcinkiewicz Annery G. , Daly Guris Rodrigo J. , Johnson Gregory , McClung‐Pasqualino Heather , Sequera‐Ramos Luis , Iyer Rajeev Subramanyam , Kurth Charles D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly popular in pediatric anesthesia, but education on its use is variable and over‐dosage adverse events are not uncommon. Recent work suggests that electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters can guide propofol dosing in the pediatric population. This education quality improvement project aimed to implement a standardized EEG TIVA training program over 12 months in a large pediatric anesthesia division.

Methods

The division consisted of 63 faculty, 11 clinical fellows, 32 residents, and 28 nurse anesthetists at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The program was assessed for effectiveness (a significant improvement in EEG knowledge scores), scalability (training 50% of fellows and staff), and sustainability (recurring EEG lectures for 80% of rotating residents and 100% of new fellows and staff). The key drivers included educational content development (lectures, articles, and hand‐outs), training a cohort of EEG TIVA trainers, intraoperative teaching (teaching points and dosing tables), decision support tools (algorithms and anesthesia electronic record pop‐ups), and knowledge tests (written exam and verbal quiz during cases).

Results

Over 12 months, 78.5% of the division (62/79) completed EEG training and test scores improved (mean score 38% before training vs 59% after training, p < .001). Didactic lectures were given to 100% of the fellows, 100% (11/11) of new staff, and 80% (4/5 blocks) of rotating residents.

Conclusion

This quality improvement education project successfully trained pediatric anesthesia faculty, staff, residents, and fellows in EEG‐guided TIVA. The training program was effective, scalable, and sustainable over time for newly hired faculty staff and rotating fellows and residents.
Managers' compassionate goals, innovation, and firm performance: an examination of mediating processes, and boundary conditions in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Montani Francesco , Staglianò Raffaele , Sommovigo Valentina , Setti Ilaria , Giorgi Gabriele
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine the relationships of managers' compassionate goals with innovation and performance in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). By integrating social exchange theory with social information processing theory, we hypothesize a serial mediation model in which organizational cooperation and firm innovation sequentially mediate a positive relationship between managers' compassionate goals and firm performance. However, we predict that this positive indirect effect would occur only when managers have low self‐image goals and there is a high innovation‐supportive work environment. Based on survey data from a sample of 116 SMEs in France, our results provide support for our predictions. This study contributes to the literature by disclosing the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the relationship of managers' compassionate goals with SMEs' innovation and performance. Theoretical and managerial implications of this study are discussed.
Portfolio value‐at‐risk estimation for spot chartering decisions under changing trade patterns: A copula approach
Authors: Bai Xiwen , Lam Jasmine Siu Lee
Published: July 2022

Evolving geopolitical relationships between countries (especially between China and the United States) in recent years have highlighted dynamically changing trade patterns across the globe, all of which elevate risk and uncertainty for transport service providers. In order to mitigate risks, shipowners and operators must be able to estimate risks appropriately; one potentially promising method of doing so is through the value‐at‐risk (VaR) method. VaR describes the worst loss a portfolio is likely to sustain, which will not be exceeded over a target time horizon at a given level of confidence. This article proposes a copula‐based GARCH model to estimate the joint multivariate distribution, which is a key component in VaR estimation. We show that the copula model can capture the VaR more successfully, as compared with the traditional method of calculation. As an empirical study, the expected portfolio VaR is examined when a shipowner chooses among Panamax soybean trading routes under a condition of reduced trade volumes between the United States and China due to the ongoing trade turmoil. This study serves as one of the very few papers in the literature on shipping portfolio VaR analysis. The results have significant implications for shipowners regarding fleet repositioning, decision making, and risk management.
U–Pb geochronology and clumped isotope thermometry study of Neoproterozoic dolomites from China
Authors: Jiang Lei , Shen Anjiang , Wang Zichen , Hu Anping , Wang Yongsheng , Luo Xianying , Liang Feng , Azmy Karem , Pan Liyin
Published: July 2022

The higher abundance of dolomite in the Neoproterozoic compared with that of the Phanerozoic has been linked to elevated marine Mg/Ca ratios, and a hypothesized ‘dolomite sea’ that promoted widespread syn‐sedimentary fibrous dolomite cement precipitation. This article provides new uranium–lead (U–Pb) chronology, clumped isotope thermometry (TΔ47), combined with δ13C and δ18O, and trace element geochemistry measurements for different types of dolomite, including bulk dolomite matrix (BD), fibrous dolomite cements (DC1) and late sparry dolomite cements (DC2 and DC3), in three Neoproterozoic dolostone profiles from China. The Ediacaran U–Pb ages coupled with nearly identical, low TΔ47 temperatures (average at ca 55‐60°C) for BD and DC1 dolomites, imply that these dolomites were either syn‐depositional or early diagenetic. Some DC1 dolomites yield slightly younger (ca 20 to 50 Ma) U–Pb ages than the BD dolomites, suggesting that they were diagenetic products formed after matrix dolomitization. The estimates of δ18Owater values for dolomitizing fluids suggest that both DC1 and BD dolomites were precipitated from highly evaporated seawater. In contrast, DC2 and DC3 dolomites filling in vugs and fractures have much younger U–Pb ages (mostly <525 Ma), higher TΔ47 temperatures (>95°C), and lower Sr and U contents, which is consistent with the paragenetic sequence that they were deeper burial diagenetic products. A synthesized diagenetic model with evaporative dolomitizing water evolved from anoxic, ferruginous to sub‐oxic and/or oxic, non‐ferruginous conditions is responsible for the decrease of Fe and Mn concentrations in global DC1 and BD dolomites throughout Neoproterozoic time. This study suggests that the widely distributed Neoproterozoic fibrous dolomite cements may be a later diagenetic feature, and thus calls into question their use in palaeoclimate reconstruction and as a principal line of evidence for the Neoproterozoic ‘dolomite sea’ hypothesis.
An applied statistics teaching lesson that uses NBA playoff data to illustrate uncertainty in sporting contests
Authors: Lumbantobing Rotua , McFall Todd
Published: July 2022

In this article, we offer a teaching lesson on combinatorics and binary outcomes that utilizes real‐world data. The focus of the lesson is to teach students how to analyze the effects of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 2003 decision to extend the first round of its postseason from a best‐of‐five series of games to a best‐of‐seven series using combinatorics and ideas about binary outcomes. Students conjecture how much longer series will make less certain the outcomes of these series and then use the 27 years of first‐round series results we provide to evaluate their conjectures on how series results have changed since 2003. After finishing this lesson, students will have a firmer grasp on applying combinatorics and binary outcomes to real‐world situations. This lesson is compatible with both traditional and remote classes and can be extended to other sports, making it a lesson for all academic seasons.
Practice patterns of ABO‐matching for cryoprecipitate and patient outcomes after ABO‐compatible versus incompatible cryoprecipitate
Authors: Raycraft Tyler , Bartoszko Justyna , Karkouti Keyvan , Callum Jeannie , Lin Yulia
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

This sub‐study of the FIBRES trial sought to examine the patterns of ABO‐compatible cryoprecipitate administration and to identify adverse consequences of ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate.

Materials and Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of data collected from the FIBRES randomized clinical trial comparing fibrinogen concentrate with cryoprecipitate in the treatment of bleeding related to hypofibrinogenemia after cardiac surgery. The primary outcome was the percentage of administered cryoprecipitate that was ABO‐compatible. Secondary outcomes were adverse events at 28 days. A follow‐up survey was distributed to the FIBRES participating sites to examine the rationale behind the identified cryoprecipitate ABO‐matching practice patterns.

Results

A total of 363 patients were included: 53 (15%) received ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate and 310 (85%) received ABO‐compatible cryoprecipitate. There was an increased incidence of post‐operative anaemia in the ABO‐incompatible group (15; 28.3%) in comparison to the ABO‐compatible (44; 14.2%) group (p = 0.01) at 28 days, which was unrelated to haemolysis, without a significant difference in transfusion requirement. In the multivariable logistic regression models accounting for clustering by site, there was no observed statistically significant association between the administration of ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate and any other adverse outcomes. Nine out of 11 sites did not have a policy requiring ABO‐matched cryoprecipitate.

Conclusion

This sub‐study demonstrated that most cryoprecipitate administered in practice is ABO‐compatible, despite the absence of guidelines or blood bank policies to support this practice. A signal towards increased risk of post‐operative anaemia may be explained by higher rates of urgent surgery (vs. elective) in the ABO‐incompatible group. Future studies should prospectively examine the impact of ABO‐compatible versus incompatible cryoprecipitate to conclusively establish if there is a meaningful clinical impact associated with the administration of ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate.
Cross‐ and multiple herbicide resistance in Lolium multiflorum across Uruguay
Authors: Marques Hill Sofía , Vila‐Aiub Martin , Hernández Manuel , Kaspary Tiago E. , García Milton A.
Published: July 2022

Herbicide resistance is currently one of the most important problems in agricultural systems, threatening their sustainability. In Uruguay, there have been increasing reports of herbicide failures to control LOLMU (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) populations. However, methodical characterization of herbicide resistance cases is lacking. Seeds from 66 LOLMU populations were collected from cropping fields and screened in greenhouse conditions with the recommended (1×) and half the recommended (1/2×) label dose of glyphosate, clethodim, pinoxaden and a formulation with iodosulfuron‐methyl‐sodium and mesosulfuron‐methyl (IodoMeso). Populations were classified as resistant when mortality was equal to or lower than 80% in response to 1× doses, assessed 28 days after treatment (DAT). Results show that 80% of LOLMU populations were resistant to glyphosate, followed by 49%, 36% and 24% resistance to IodoMeso, pinoxaden and clethodim respectively. Moreover, 52% of the tested populations were resistant to more than one herbicide, with an important frequency of populations resistant to glyphosate and IodoMeso (17%) and to all tested herbicides (16%). In addition, a high correlation of resistance levels was found between pinoxaden and clethodim resistant populations (R2 = 0.84). Geographic distribution of tested populations suggests that multiple herbicide resistance is concentrated in fields with a longer history of herbicide use. Overall, these results confirm that herbicide resistance in LOLMU is widespread in agricultural regions of Uruguay and that significant number of multiple resistance cases already exist and are expected to increase rapidly if management practices are not adjusted quickly and substantially. This survey represents a key input to improve herbicide‐resistant LOLMU management strategies.
Analytical methods for evaluating reliability and validity of mobile audiometry tools
Authors: Kelkar Mona , Hou Zhaoxun , Curhan Gary C. , Curhan Sharon G. , Wang Molin
Published: July 2022

Statistical approaches that could be used as standardized methodology for evaluating reliability and validity of data obtained using remote audiometry are proposed. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study II (n = 31), the approaches to evaluate the reliability and validity of hearing threshold measurements obtained by a self-administered iPhone-based hearing assessment application (Decibel Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA) compared with measurements obtained by clinical (soundbooth) audiometry are described. These approaches use mixed-effects models to account for multilevel correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of single and averaged measurements, and regression techniques with the generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to account for between-ear correlations. Threshold measurements obtained using the iPhone application were moderately reliable. The reliability was improved substantially by averaging repeated measurements; good reliability was achieved by averaging three repeated measurements. In the linear regression analyses that assessed validity, the range of intercepts (2.3–8.4) and range of slopes (0.4–0.7) indicated that the measurements from the application were likely biased from those obtained by clinical audiometry. When evaluating alternative hearing assessment tools, it is recommended to assess reliability through mixed-effects models and use ICCs to determine the number of repeated assessments needed to achieve satisfactory reliability. When evaluating validity, GEE methods are recommended to estimate regression coefficients.
On mistuning detection and beat perception for harmonic complex tones at low and very high frequencies
Authors: Gockel Hedwig E. , Carlyon Robert P.
Published: July 2022

This study assessed the detection of mistuning of a single harmonic in complex tones (CTs) containing either low-frequency harmonics or very high-frequency harmonics, for which phase locking to the temporal fine structure is weak or absent. CTs had F0s of either 280 or 1400 Hz and contained harmonics 6–10, the 8th of which could be mistuned. Harmonics were presented either diotically or dichotically (odd and even harmonics to different ears). In the diotic condition, mistuning-detection thresholds were very low for both F0s and consistent with detection of temporal interactions (beats) produced by peripheral interactions of components. In the dichotic condition, for which the components in each ear were more widely spaced and beats were not reported, the mistuned component was perceptually segregated from the complex for the low F0, but subjects reported no “popping out” for the high F0 and performance was close to chance. This is consistent with the idea that phase locking is required for perceptual segregation to occur. For diotic presentation, the perceived beat rate corresponded to the amount of mistuning (in Hz). It is argued that the beat percept cannot be explained solely by interactions between the mistuned component and its two closest harmonic neighbours.
Acoustic modal analysis of room responses from the perspective of state-space balanced realization with application to field interpolation
Authors: Jian Hung-Ming , Chen You-Siang , Bai Mingsian R.
Published: July 2022

Despite its importance in structural dynamics and vibration, modal analysis is rarely performed in acoustics due to the high modal density of sound fields. A novel acoustic modal analysis (AMA) approach is proposed in this paper for enclosed acoustic fields, such as a room, from the perspective of state-space formulation of control systems. A single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) state-space model is established in light of the balanced realization (BR), given impulse response measurements. The BR model is then converted to a modal form such that the modal parameters, including natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, can be estimated. To reconstruct mode shapes, plane wave decomposition (PWD) and compressive sensing (CS) techniques are exploited to solve the underdetermined problem for a spatially sparse representation of mode shapes under the Schroeder frequency. As a result, a model of a continuous system can be “interpolated” for any arbitrary source-receiver positions on the basis of the estimated mode shapes. With the identified modal parameters, the low-frequency and early reflection part of room impulse responses (RIRs) can be synthesized for arbitrary source-sensor pairs. The proposed AMA acoustic field interpolation is validated by extensive simulations and experiments.
Preferred synonymous codons are translated more accurately: Proteomic evidence, among-species variation, and mechanistic basis
Authors: Sun Mengyi , Zhang Jianzhi
Published: July 2022

A commonly stated cause of unequal uses of synonymous codons is their differential translational accuracies. A key prediction of this long-standing translational accuracy hypothesis (TAH) of codon usage bias is higher translational accuracies of more frequently used synonymous codons, which, however, has had no direct evidence beyond case studies. Analyzing proteomic data from
Escherichia coli
, we present direct, global evidence for this prediction. The experimentally measured codon-specific translational accuracies validate a sequence-based proxy; this proxy provides support for the TAH from the vast majority of over 1000 taxa surveyed in all domains of life. We find that the relative translational accuracies of synonymous codons vary substantially among taxa and are strongly correlated with the amounts of cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs) relative to those of near-cognate tRNAs. These and other observations suggest a model in which selections for translational efficiency and accuracy drive codon usage bias and its coevolution with the tRNA pool.
Role of tropical lower stratosphere winds in quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions
Authors: Kang Min-Jee , Chun Hye-Yeong , Son Seok-Woo , Garcia Rolando R. , An Soon-Il , Park Sang-Hun
Published: July 2022

In 2016, the westerly quasi-biennial oscillation (WQBO) in the equatorial stratosphere was unprecedentedly disrupted by westward forcing near 40 hPa; this was followed by another disruption in 2020. Strong extratropical Rossby waves propagating toward the tropics were considered the main cause of the disruptions, but why the zonal wind is reversed only in the middle of the WQBO remains unclear. Here, we show that strong westerly winds in the equatorial lower stratosphere (70 to 100 hPa) help to disrupt the WQBO by hindering the wind reversal at its base. They also help equatorial westward waves propagate further upward, increasing the negative forcing at around 40 hPa that drives the QBO disruptions. Tropical westerly winds have been increasing in the past and are projected to increase in a warmer climate. These background wind changes may allow more frequent QBO disruptions in the future, leading to less predictability in atmospheric weather and climate systems.
Tumoral microenvironment prevents de novo asparagine biosynthesis in B cell lymphoma, regardless of ASNS expression
Authors: Grima-Reyes Manuel , Vandenberghe Ashaina , Nemazanyy Ivan , Meola Pauline , Paul Rachel , Reverso-Meinietti Julie , Martinez-Turtos Adriana , Nottet Nicolas , Chan Wai-Kin , Lorenzi Philip L. , Marchetti Sandrine , Ricci Jean-Ehrland , Chiche Johanna
Published: July 2022

Depletion of circulating asparagine with
l
-asparaginase (ASNase) is a mainstay of leukemia treatment and is under investigation in many cancers. Expression levels of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), which catalyzes asparagine synthesis, were considered predictive of cancer cell sensitivity to ASNase treatment, a notion recently challenged. Using [U-
13
C
5
]-
l
-glutamine in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of B cell lymphomas (BCLs), we demonstrated that supraphysiological or physiological concentrations of asparagine prevent de novo asparagine biosynthesis, regardless of ASNS expression levels. Overexpressing ASNS in ASNase-sensitive BCL was insufficient to confer resistance to ASNase treatment in vivo. Moreover, we showed that ASNase’s glutaminase activity enables its maximal anticancer effect. Together, our results indicate that baseline ASNS expression (low or high) cannot dictate BCL dependence on de novo asparagine biosynthesis and predict BCL sensitivity to dual ASNase activity. Thus, except for ASNS-deficient cancer cells, ASNase’s glutaminase activity should be considered in the clinic.
A lineage-specific Exo70 is required for receptor kinase–mediated immunity in barley
Authors: Holden Samuel , Bergum Molly , Green Phon , Bettgenhaeuser Jan , Hernández-Pinzón Inmaculada , Thind Anupriya , Clare Shaun , Russell James M. , Hubbard Amelia , Taylor Jodi , Smoker Matthew , Gardiner Matthew , Civolani Laura , Cosenza Francesco , Rosignoli Serena , Strugala Roxana , Molnár István , Šimková Hana , Doležel Jaroslav , Schaffrath Ulrich , Barrett Matthew , Salvi Silvio , Moscou Matthew J.
Published: July 2022

In the evolution of land plants, the plant immune system has experienced expansion in immune receptor and signaling pathways. Lineage-specific expansions have been observed in diverse gene families that are potentially involved in immunity but lack causal association. Here, we show that
Rps8
-mediated resistance in barley to the pathogen
Puccinia striiformis
f. sp.
tritici
(wheat stripe rust) is conferred by a genetic module:
Pur1
and
Exo70FX12
, which are together necessary and sufficient.
Pur1
encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase and is the ortholog of rice
Xa21
, and Exo70FX12 belongs to the Poales-specific Exo70FX clade. The Exo70FX clade emerged after the divergence of the Bromeliaceae and Poaceae and comprises from 2 to 75 members in sequenced grasses. These results demonstrate the requirement of a lineage-specific Exo70FX12 in Pur1-mediated immunity and suggest that the Exo70FX clade may have evolved a specialized role in receptor kinase signaling.
Rapid liquid phase–assisted ultrahigh-temperature sintering of high-entropy ceramic composites
Authors: Xie Hua , Qin Mingde , Hong Min , Rao Jiancun , Guo Miao , Luo Jian , Hu Liangbing
Published: July 2022

High-entropy ceramics and their composites display high mechanical strength and attractive high-temperature stabilities. However, properties like strong covalent bond character and low self-diffusion coefficients make them difficult to get sintered, limiting their mass popularity. Here, we present a rapid liquid phase–assisted ultrahigh-temperature sintering strategy and use high-entropy metal diboride/boron carbide composite as a proof of concept. We use a carbon-based heater to fast-heat the composite to around 3000 K, and a small fraction of eutectic liquid was formed at the interface between high-entropy metal diborides and boron carbide. A crystalline dodecaboride intergranular phase was generated upon cooling to ameliorate the adhesion between the components. The as-sintered composite presents a high hardness of 36.4 GPa at a load of 0.49 N and 24.4 GPa at a load of 9.8 N. This liquid phase–assisted rapid ultrahigh-temperature strategy can be widely applicable for other ultrahigh-temperature ceramics as well.
High-resolution spatial and genomic characterization of coral-associated microbial aggregates in the coral
Stylophora pistillata
Authors: Wada Naohisa , Hsu Ming-Tsung , Tandon Kshitij , Hsiao Silver Sung-Yun , Chen Hsing-Ju , Chen Yu-Hsiang , Chiang Pei-Wen , Yu Sheng-Ping , Lu Chih-Ying , Chiou Yu-Jing , Tu Yung-Chi , Tian Xuejiao , Chen Bi-Chang , Lee Der-Chuen , Yamashiro Hideyuki , Bourne David G. , Tang Sen-Lin
Published: July 2022

Bacteria commonly form aggregates in a range of coral species [termed coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs)], although these structures remain poorly characterized despite extensive efforts studying the coral microbiome. Here, we comprehensively characterize CAMAs associated with
Stylophora pistillata
and quantify their cell abundance. Our analysis reveals that multiple
Endozoicomonas
phylotypes coexist inside a single CAMA. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging revealed that the
Endozoicomonas
cells were enriched with phosphorus, with the elemental compositions of CAMAs different from coral tissues and endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae, highlighting a role in sequestering and cycling phosphate between coral holobiont partners. Consensus metagenome-assembled genomes of the two dominant
Endozoicomonas
phylotypes confirmed their metabolic potential for polyphosphate accumulation along with genomic signatures including type VI secretion systems allowing host association. Our findings provide unprecedented insights into
Endozoicomonas
-dominated CAMAs and the first direct physiological and genomic linked evidence of their biological role in the coral holobiont.
Longitudinal evidence on treatment discontinuation, adherence, and loss of hypertension control in four middle-income countries
Authors: Mauer Nicole , Geldsetzer Pascal , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Davies Justine I. , Stokes Andrew C. , McConnell Margaret , Ali Mohammed K. , Winkler Volker , Sudharsanan Nikkil
Published: July 2022

Managing hypertension is a highly dynamic process, yet current evidence on hypertension control in middle-income countries (MICs) is largely based on cross-sectional data. Using multiple waves of population-based cohort data from four MICs (China, Indonesia, Mexico, and South Africa), we undertook a longitudinal investigation into how individuals with hypertension move through care over time. We classified adults aged 40 years and over (
N
= 8527) into care stages at both baseline and follow-up waves and estimated the probability of transitioning between stages using Poisson regression models. Over a 5- to 9-year follow-up period, only around 30% of undiagnosed individuals became diagnosed [Mexico, 27% (95% confidence interval: 23%, 31%); China, 30% (26%, 33%); Indonesia, 30% (28%, 32%); and South Africa, 36% (31%, 41%)], and one in four untreated individuals became treated [Indonesia, 11% (10%, 12%); Mexico, 24% (20%, 28%); China, 26% (23%, 29%); and South Africa, 33% (29%, 38%)]. The probability of reaching blood pressure (BP) control was lower [Indonesia, 2% (1%, 2%); China, 9% (7%, 11%); Mexico, 12% (9%, 14%); and South Africa, 24% (20%, 28%)] regardless of treatment status. A substantial proportion of individuals discontinued treatment [Indonesia, 70% (67%, 73%); China, 36% (32%, 40%); Mexico, 34% (29%, 39%); and South Africa, 20% (15%, 25%)], and most individuals lost BP control by follow-up [Indonesia, 92% (89%, 96%); Mexico, 77% (71%, 83%); China, 76% (69%, 83%); and South Africa 45% (36%, 54%)]. Our results highlight that policies solely aimed at improving diagnosis or initiating treatment may not lead to long-term hypertension control improvements in MICs.
Phenotypic screening with deep learning identifies HDAC6 inhibitors as cardioprotective in a BAG3 mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Jin , Grafton Francis , Ranjbarvaziri Sara , Budan Ana , Farshidfar Farshad , Cho Marie , Xu Emma , Ho Jaclyn , Maddah Mahnaz , Loewke Kevin E. , Medina Julio , Sperandio David , Patel Snahel , Hoey Tim , Mandegar Mohammad A.
Published: July 2022

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by reduced cardiac output, as well as thinning and enlargement of left ventricular chambers. These characteristics eventually lead to heart failure. Current standards of care do not target the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with genetic forms of heart failure, driving a need to develop novel therapeutics for DCM. To identify candidate therapeutics, we developed an in vitro DCM model using induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) deficient in B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3). With these BAG3-deficient iPSC-CMs, we identified cardioprotective drugs using a phenotypic screen and deep learning. From a library of 5500 bioactive compounds and siRNA validation, we found that inhibiting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was cardioprotective at the sarcomere level. We translated this finding to a BAG3 cardiomyocyte–knockout (BAG3
cKO
) mouse model of DCM, showing that inhibiting HDAC6 with two isoform-selective inhibitors (tubastatin A and a novel inhibitor TYA-018) protected heart function. In BAG3
cKO
and BAG3
E455K
mice, HDAC6 inhibitors improved left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced left ventricular diameter at diastole and systole. In BAG3
cKO
mice, TYA-018 protected against sarcomere damage and reduced
Nppb
expression. Based on integrated transcriptomics and proteomics and mitochondrial function analysis, TYA-018 also enhanced energetics in these mice by increasing expression of targets associated with fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate the power of combining iPSC-CMs with phenotypic screening and deep learning to accelerate drug discovery, and they support developing novel therapies that address underlying mechanisms associated with heart disease.
Genomic and epigenomic
BRCA
alterations predict adaptive resistance and response to platinum-based therapy in patients with triple-negative breast and ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Menghi Francesca , Banda Kalyan , Kumar Pooja , Straub Robert , Dobrolecki Lacey , Rodriguez Isabel V. , Yost Susan E. , Chandok Harshpreet , Radke Marc R. , Somlo George , Yuan Yuan , Lewis Michael T. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Liu Edison T.
Published: July 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and ovarian carcinomas (OvCas) with
BRCA1
promoter methylation (
BRCA1
meth) respond more poorly to alkylating agents compared to those bearing mutations in
BRCA1
and
BRCA2
(
BRCA
mut). This is a conundrum given the biologically equivalent homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) induced by these genetic and epigenetic
BRCA
perturbations. We dissected this problem through detailed genomic analyses of TNBC and OvCa cohorts and experimentation with patient-derived xenografts and genetically engineered cell lines. We found that despite identical downstream genomic mutational signatures associated with
BRCA1
meth and
BRCA
mut states,
BRCA1
meth uniformly associates with poor outcomes. Exposure of
BRCA1
meth TNBCs to platinum chemotherapy, either as clinical treatment of a patient or as experimental in vivo exposure of preclinical patient derived xenografts, resulted in allelic loss of
BRCA1
methylation and increased
BRCA1
expression and platinum resistance. These data suggest that, unlike
BRCA
mut cancers, where
BRCA
loss is a genetically “fixed” deficiency state,
BRCA1
meth cancers are highly adaptive to genotoxin exposure and, through reversal of promoter methylation, recover
BRCA1
expression and become resistant to therapy. We further found a specific augmented immune transcriptional signal associated with enhanced response to platinum chemotherapy but only in patients with BRCA-proficient cancers. We showed how integrating both this cancer immune signature and the presence of
BRCA
mutations results in more accurate predictions of patient response when compared to either HRD status or
BRCA
status alone. This underscores the importance of defining
BRCA
heterogeneity in optimizing the predictive precision of assigning response probabilities in TNBC and OvCa.
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Population Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem in Neurocritical Care Patients: a Prospective Two-Center Study
Authors: Kumta Nilesh , Heffernan Aaron J. , Cotta Menino Osbert , Wallis Steven C. , Livermore Amelia , Starr Therese , Wong Wai Tat , Joynt Gavin M. , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason A.
Published: July 2022

Morbidity and mortality related to ventriculitis in neurocritical care patients remain high. Antibiotic dose optimization may improve therapeutic outcomes.
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and Distribution of Antimalarial Drug Resistance Mutations in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infections
Authors: Sarah-Matio Elangwe M. , Guillochon Emilie , Nsango Sandrine E. , Abate Luc , Ngou Christelle M. , Bouopda Gaelle A. , Feufack-Donfack Lionel B. , Bayibéki Albert N. , Tchioffo Tsapi Majoline , Talman Arthur , Marin-Menendez Alejandro , Ayong Lawrence , Claessens Antoine , Lefèvre Thierry , Berry Antoine , Morlais Isabelle
Published: July 2022

Malaria control relies on passive case detection, and this strategy fails detecting asymptomatic infections. In addition, infections in endemic areas harbor multiple parasite genotypes that could affect case management and malaria epidemiology.
Increased Innate Immune Susceptibility in Hyperpigmented Bacteriophage-Resistant Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Menon Nitasha D. , Penziner Samuel , Montaño Elizabeth T. , Zurich Raymond , Pride David T. , Nair Bipin G. , Kumar Geetha B. , Nizet Victor
Published: July 2022

Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is an alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments that is particularly important for multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Unfortunately, phage resistance commonly arises during treatment as bacteria evolve to survive phage predation.
Investigating the Relationship between Nitrate, Total Dissolved Nitrogen, and Phosphate with Abundance of Pathogenic Vibrios and Harmful Algal Blooms in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware
Authors: Rosales Detbra , Ellett Ava , Jacobs John , Ozbay Gulnihal , Parveen Salina , Pitula Joseph
Published: July 2022

Vibrio-associated illnesses have been expanding globally over the past several decades (A. Newton, M.
Deletion of the H108R Gene Reduces Virulence of the Pandemic Eurasia Strain of African Swine Fever Virus with Surviving Animals Being Protected against Virulent Challenge
Authors: Vuono Elizabeth , Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Silva Ediane , Rai Ayushi , Pruitt Sarah , Espinoza Nallely , Valladares Alyssa , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Gladue Douglas P. , Borca Manuel V.
Published: July 2022

Currently, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent ASF. ASFV-Georgia2007 (ASFV-G) and its field isolate derivatives are producing a large pandemic which is drastically affecting pork production in Eurasia.
The Cell–Cell Communication Signal Indole Controls the Physiology and Interspecies Communication of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Cui Binbin , Chen Xiayu , Guo Quan , Song Shihao , Wang Mingfang , Liu Jingyun , Deng Yinyue
Published: July 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii
is an important human opportunistic pathogen that usually causes high morbidity and mortality. It employs the N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL)-type quorum sensing (QS) system, AbaI/AbaR, to regulate biological functions and virulence.
Specificity of Immunoglobulin Response to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in People with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Malcolm Kenneth C. , Wheeler Emily A. , Calhoun Kara , Lenhart-Pendergrass Patricia M. , Rysavy Noel , Poch Katie R. , Caceres Silvia M. , Saavedra Milene T. , Nick Jerry A.
Published: July 2022

Lung infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and particularlyMycobacterium abscessus, a pathogen with high antibiotic resistance, are of great concern due to poor clinical outcomes and challenging detection in people with cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Standard detection methods are insensitive and increasingly difficult.