bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Corrosion Inhibitor on Fe (110) in Acetic Acid Media via Computer Simulation
Authors: Numin Mohd Sofi , Jumbri Khairulazhar , Eng Kee Kok , Hassan Almila , Borhan Noorazlenawati , Nik M Daud Nik M Radi , Nor A Azmi M , Suhor Firdaus , Dzulkifli Nur Nadia
Published: November 2024

Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were performed to do an in-depth study on the inhibition mechanism of quaternary ammonium surfactant CI molecules with a different chain length in the presence of 1.0 M HCl and 500 ppm acetic acid on the Fe (110) metal surface. Results from DFT calculation showed that all surfactant CI molecules have good inhibition properties where the cationic quaternary ammonium groups (N+) and the alpha carbon act as a reactive centre to donate electrons to the metal surface with low band-gap energy of 1.26 eV. In the MD simulation, C12 with a 12-alkyl chain length showed the most promising CI molecules with high adsorption energy and binding energy values, low diffusion coefficient towards the corrosion particles and randomly scattered at low concentration that give better adsorption towards the Fe (110) metal surface. The finding on the effect of the alkyl chain length on the inhibition efficiency of all quaternary ammonium CI molecules based on computer modelling data and the success of an in-depth study on the theoretical understanding of quaternary ammonium surfactant CI molecules in the acidic medium corrosion system towards metal surface could be used as the future development of new surfactant CI molecules with ammonium-based functional groups.
Response of Non-Irrigated Peanut to Multiple Rate Delayed Flumioxazin Applications
Authors: Hurdle Nicholas Lane , Grey Timothy L. Lane , Rodrigues Juliana de Souza , Monfort Walter Scott
Published: November 2024

Flumioxazin is crucial for peanut weed management across the United States with over 75% of growers applying it to control troublesome weed species. For maximum peanut yield, it is essential that weed control is maintained during weeks three through eight after planting. Peanut injury due to flumioxazin PRE applied has been noted under unfavorable moisture or weather conditions, but also due to delays in application as growers plant hundreds of hectares on their farms. Research in Georgia investigated the response of non-irrigated peanut to flumioxazin PRE applied from 0 to 107 g ai/ha at 0 to 14 d after planting for cultivar Georgia-16HO. Trends during the 2020 through 2022 growing seasons indicated that as rate and time after planting of application increased, injury increased. Over 50% injury was noted in Tift County and 24% in Sumter County during the 2021 growing season. Peanut pod yield decreased while flumioxazin rate increased and time of application after planting was delayed in Tift County, but no differences were noted in Sumter County, potentially due to soil adsorption of the herbicide. The recorded injury coincided with large amounts of rainfall at both locations. It was also noted that peanut may be most sensitive to flumioxazin application injury between days seven and ten after planting.
Benign Metastasizing Leiomyomas (BML) an Imaging and Histological Challenge: A Case Report of Pelvic Extended Localization
Authors: Meucci Rosaria , Manenti Guglielmo , Giacobbi Erica , Scimeca Manuel , Cerimele Cecilia , Montesano Francesca , Rufi Flavia , Goffredo Carolina , Volpe Maria , Patrizi Lodovico , Borrelli Barbara , Garaci Francesco
Published: November 2024

Leiomyomas are the most common gynecological tumors; they are benign and originate from smooth muscle cells together with fibrous connective tissue. The most common location is the uterus although rare cases of extra-uterine locations with benign histological features have been described including intravenous leiomyomatosis, disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, benign metastasizing leiomyomas, parasitic and retroperitoneal leiomyomatosis, which can present as single or multiple myomatous nodules. These entities must be differentiated from malignant lesions such as leiomyosarcoma. Imaging approach, mainly magnetic resonance imaging, plays an important but not always diriment role in the diagnosis of leiomyomas. Therefore, histological examination is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. In this report, we describe the case of a 36-year-old woman with histologic examination suggestive of myoma, underwent an MRI examination at our department for further diagnostic evaluation. MRI revealed the presence of two inhomogeneous and highly vascularized nodular lesions at the ultrasound checkup performed six months after surgery. MR examination was performed using multiplanar T2 weighted sequences with and without fat suppression, T1 weighted fat-suppressed sequences pre- and post-gadolinium administration and diffusion weighted imaging. This approach allowed to highlight the presence of a major myomatous lesion at the level of the isthmus surrounded by many confluent nodules in the pelvis with the same benign features. The MRI findings suggested the diagnosis of benign metastasizing leiomyomatosis, then confirmed by the definitive histological examination which found no malignant features of the lesions.
Quantifying Uncertainty of Insurance Claims Based on Expert Judgment
Authors: Handoko Budhi , Franty Yeny Krista , Indrayatna Fajar
Published: November 2024

In Bayesian statistics, prior specification has an important role in determining the quality of posterior estimates. We use expert judgment to quantify uncertain quantities and produce appropriate prior distribution. The aim of this study is to quantify the uncertainty of life insurance claims, especially on the insurer’s age, as it is the main factor determining the insurance premium. A one-day workshop was conducted to elicit expert judgment from those who have experience in accepting claims. Four experts from different insurance companies were involved in the workshop. The elicitation protocol used in this study was The Sheffield Elicitation Framework (SHELF), which produces four different statistical distributions for each expert. A linear pooling method was used to aggregate the distributions to obtain the consensus distribution among experts. The consensus distribution suggested that the majority of insurers will make a claim at the age of 54 years old.
Mutations in Filamin C Associated With Both Alleles do not Affect the Functioning of Mice Cardiac Muscles
Authors: Ilchuk Leonid , Kochegarova Ksenia Konstantinovna , Baikova Iuliia , Safonova Polina , Bruter Alexandra , Kubekina Marina , Okulova Yulia , Minkovskaya Tatiana , Kuznetsova Nadezhda , Dolmatova Daria , Ryabinina Anna , Mozhaev Andrey , Belousov Vsevolod , Filatov Maxim , Silaeva Yulia
Published: November 2024

Filamin C (FLNC) is a structural protein of muscle fibers. Mutations in the Flnc gene are known to cause myopathies and cardiomyopathies in humans. Here we report a generation of two mouse strains carrying filamin C mutations — one of them has a deletion of three nucleotides at position c.7418_7420, causing E>>;D substitution and N deletion at positions 2472 and 2473, respectively. The other strain carries a deletion of GA nucleotides at position c.7419_7420, leading to a frameshift and a premature stop-codon. We have shown that heterozygous animals of both strains are functionally and morphologically indistinguishable from wild type animals, while homozygosity is embryonically lethal. Interestingly, compound heterozygous mice are viable, develop normally, reach puberty and their cardiac muscle is functionally and histologically normal. We also propose a structural model that explains the complementary interaction of two mutant variants of filamin C.
Abundant Genetic Diversity Harbored by Traditional Naked Barley Varieties on Tibetan Plateau: Implications in Their Effective Conservation and Utilization
Authors: Chodron Nyima , Namgyal Lhundrup , Dondrup Dawa , Wang Ying , Wang Zhi , Cai Xing-Xing , Lu Bao-Rong , Qiong La
Published: November 2024

Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) is a staple food crop contributing significantly to the global food security. Understanding genetic diversity will facilitate its effective conservation and utilization. To determine genetic diversity and its distribution within and among varieties, we characterized 30 naked barley varieties representing the traditional, modern, and germplasm-resources-bank gene-pools from Tibet, using the SSR molecular fingerprints. Results demonstrate abundant genetic diversity in Tibetan naked barley varieties, particularly those in the traditional gene-pool that holds much more private alleles. Principal coordinates and STRUCTURE analyses indicate substantial deviation of the modern varieties from the traditional and germplasm-resources-bank varieties. A considerable amount of seed mixture is detected in the modern varieties, suggesting the practices of using mixed seeds in modern-variety cultivation. Cluster analyses indicate the narrow genetic background of the modern varieties because of a few traditional/germplasm-resources-bank varieties used in breeding. Relationships between variation of genetic diversity and increases in sample sizes within naked barley varieties suggest effective sampling strategies for field collections. Knowledge generated from this study has important implications for the sustainable utilization and effective conservation of different types of naked barley germplasm in Tibet and in other regions of the world.
Antibacterial Efficacy of an Indian Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizer against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pimenta Rishaa , Purandare Krupa
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the antimicrobial effectiveness of an Indian Hand Sanitizer against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) through determination of its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against the pathogens. Given the increasing global concern over infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, the study focuses on the critical aspect of establishing efficient sanitization practices. This commonly used Hand Sanitizer, recognized for its widespread usage, undergoes scrutiny in this experiment for its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against S. aureus. Employing a broth dilution method with nutrient broth and clinical isolates, the study surprisingly reveals a notable inhibitory effect against E. coli at a concentration of 70%. In comparison, no inhibitory effect is observed for S. aureus across concentrations ranging from 30% to 80%. These results show that it's important to carefully choose sanitizers based on how well they work against different germs. It makes us think about trying different formulas and amounts of active ingredients to make sanitizers even better. While the study shows that sanitizers can help with some bacteria like E. coli, it also points out that it is ineffective up to a certain limit of usage against S. aureus. The two reasons for the lack of inhibition are discussed, that is alcohol tolerance and inefficacy of the hand sanitizer. Thus, this research gives us important information to improve how we make and use sanitizers to prevent infections in different settings.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting and Managing Pediatric Fracture Overgrowth: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Marletta Daniela Alessia , Nanni Matteo , Giuca Gabriele , Sanzarello Ilaria , Zampogna Biagio , Leonetti Danilo
Published: November 2024

Pediatric fracture overgrowth is an unpredictable complication of long bone fractures in children, leading to excessive growth of the injured limb and resulting in limb length discrepancies (LLDs) and angular deformities that impact mobility and quality of life. Traditional methods struggle to predict at-risk children, hindering early detection and management. Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning, offers advanced data analysis capabilities to enhance predictive accuracy and personalize treatment strategies. This comprehensive review explores the current understanding of pediatric fracture overgrowth, examines AI applications in medicine and orthopedics, evaluates potential AI applications specific to fracture overgrowth, and discusses ethical considerations and patient-centric approaches. We highlight how AI can improve diagnostic precision, facilitate early intervention, and optimize clinical outcomes. Though direct studies on AI in fracture overgrowth are limited, evidence from related areas underscores its potential. Embracing AI could revolutionize pediatric fracture management, leading to earlier detection, targeted interventions, and better outcomes for affected children.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Carbon Materials and their Application in Medicine
Authors: Elahi Numair , Zeinalipour-Yazdi Constantinos D.
Published: November 2024

Carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, graphite, nanodiamond, carbon nanocones, amorphous carbon, porous carbon among others are important components in many possible applications of these nanomaterials in medicine. We therefore want to give an overview of the synthesis of these nanomaterials and explain how they could be applied in medicine. The application of such materials has shown to be advantageous due to their high inertness towards chemical reactions, due to their high conductivity, due to their high mechanical strength and due to the diversity in which their structures can be combined. The challenge of applying these materials in real medical applications is also discussed.
Application of Metagenomics in Food Analysis: Unraveling the Microbial World of Fresh Produce, Poultry Products, and Meat
Authors: Martínez Tania Muñoz , Rodríguez Bianca , Rodríguez Milagros , Alfau Jessica , Santos Edian F. Franco De Los , Maroto-Martín Luis Orlando
Published: November 2024

Metagenomics has revolutionized the study of microbial communities, enabling researchers to explore the complex and diverse ecosystems present in various environments, including food products. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in metagenomic techniques applied to food analysis, highlighting their potential for enhancing food safety, quality, and understanding of food microbiomes. The use of metagenomics in food analysis has significantly expanded our knowledge of the microbial diversity and functional potential of edible products, shedding light on the interactions between food components and the microbiota. This review highlights the growing importance of metagenomic approaches in food analysis and emphasizes the potential implications for food safety, quality, and preservation. It also showcases the wide range of studies that have utilized metagenomics to unravel the hidden microbial world of edible products. However, the field of metagenomics in food analysis is continuously evolving, and future research is expected to bring even more exciting discoveries and applications to the food industry. Challenges and perspectives of this novel approach are also considered.
EEG-Based Biometric Identification and Emotion Recognition: An Overview
Authors: Duque-Mejia Carolina , Castro-Ospina Andres Eduardo , Serna-Guarin Leonardo , Duque-Grisales Eduardo , Becerra Miguel A.
Published: November 2024

This overview examines recent advancements in EEG-based biometric identification, with a particular focus on the integration of emotional recognition to enhance the robustness and accuracy of biometric systems. By leveraging the unique physiological properties of EEG signals, biometric systems can identify individuals based on neural responses. The overview discusses the influence of emotional states on EEG signals and the consequent impact on biometric reliability. It also evaluates recent emotion recognition techniques, including machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM). Additionally, the role of multimodal EEG datasets in enhancing emotion recognition accuracy is explored. Findings from key studies are synthesized to highlight the potential of EEG for secure, adaptive biometric systems that account for emotional variability. This overview emphasizes the need for future research on resilient biometric identification that integrates emotional context, aiming to establish EEG as a viable component of advanced biometric technologies.
Differential Role of NKG2A/Hla-E Interaction in the Outcome of Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with M. bovis Bcg or Other Therapies
Authors: Ruiz-Lorente Inmaculada , Gimeno Lourdes , López-Abad Alicia , López Cubillana Pedro , Fernández Aparicio Tomás , Asensio Egea Lucas Jesús , Moreno Avilés Juan , Doñate Iñiguez Gloria , Guzmán Martínez-Valls Pablo Luis , Server Gerardo , Ferri Belén , Campillo José A. , Martínez-Sánchez María Victoria , Minguela Alfredo
Published: November 2024

Background: Immunotherapy is gaining great relevance both in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with the use of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and in muscle invasive BC (MIBC) with anti-checkpoint therapies blocking PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4/CD80-CD86 and more recently NKG2A/HLA-E interactions. Biomarkers to optimize the use of these therapies are necessary. Methods: Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA-I genotyping and expression of NK cell receptors in circulating T and NK lymphocytes were evaluated at diagnosis in 325 consecutive BC patients (151 treated with BCG and 174 with other therapies). Proliferation, cytotoxicity and production of cytokines were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with anti-CD3/CD28 or BCG from selected patients based on HLA-B -21M/T dimorphism (NKG2A ligands). Results: The HLA-B -21M/T genotype showed opposing results in BC patients treated with BCG or other therapies. The MM genotype, compared to MT and TT, was associated with longer 75-percentile overall survival (not-reached vs. 68.0±13.7 and 52.0±8.3 months, p=0.034) in BCG, but shorter (8.0±2.4 vs. 21.0±3.4 and 19.0±4.9 months, p=0.131) in other treatments. The HLA-B -21M/T genotype was an independent predictive parameter of the progression-free survival (HR=2.08, p=0.01) and the OS (HR=2.059, p=0.039) of BC patients treated with BCG, together with age and tumor histopathologic characteristics. The MM genotype was associated with higher counts of circulating CD56bright and fewer KIR2DL1/L2+ NK cells and lower NKG2A expression, but not with differential in vitro NK cell functionality. Conclusions: The HLA-B -21M/T is independently associated with BC patient outcome and could help to optimize the use of new immunotherapies in these patients.
Surface Water Treatment with Carica papaya-Based Coagulants: A Natural and Sustainable Solution
Authors: Díaz-Martínez Guillermo , Navarro-Amador Ricardo , Sánchez-Salas José Luis , Flores-Cervantes Deborah Xanat
Published: November 2024

Access to clean water remains a global challenge, particularly in areas where populations rely on surface water which may contain pathogen microorganisms or other contaminants. To meet drinking water standards these sources must be treated. Coagulation with chemicals causes environmental problems and adverse effects on human health and they are normally difficult to obtain. Natural coagulants obtained from papaya (Carica papaya) waste are presented here as an alternative option that is safe for human health, non-polluting and biodegradable. We compared, using jar test, the effectiveness of these natural coagulants with aluminum sulfate, a common inorganic coagulant, using statistical response surface methodology (RSM) to model treatment processes. Results showed turbidity removal rates between 85% to 92% with aluminum sulfate, between 75% and 95% with the papaya seed coagulant, and between 75% and 87% with the papaya peel coagulant. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of key functional groups that contribute to the coagulation process. Furthermore, tests using water from the Manuel Ávila Camacho dam revealed turbidity removal rates exceeding 90% with papaya coagulants, surpassing those achieved with aluminum sulfate. It can be concluded that papaya-based coagulants can be used as an eco-friendly alternative in the treatment of surface water to obtain drinking water.
The Role of Management in Achieving Organizational Excellence: Exploring the Relationship Between Effective Managerial Practices and Organizational Performance
Authors: Alshehab Eyab A.
Published: November 2024

Organizational excellence has emerged as a critical objective for businesses striving to remain competitive in dynamic and uncertain environments. Effective managerial practices, particularly in strategic leadership, communication, and innovation, are often identified as the primary drivers of organizational success. This study aims to provide empirical evidence to validate the relationship between these managerial practices and organizational excellence through a quantitative approach. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as the EFQM Excellence Model (EFQM, 2013) and the Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton, 1996), the research explores how management strategies influence performance metrics, employee satisfaction, and overall operational efficiency. A structured survey was administered to 150 employees across three key sectors—education, healthcare, and industry—in Saudi Arabia. The survey evaluated participants' perceptions of their organization’s leadership, internal communication systems, and innovation-driven practices. The findings confirm that strategic leadership is the most significant determinant of organizational excellence, accounting for 42% of the variance in performance outcomes. Moreover, internal communication was found to be positively correlated with employee engagement and alignment with organizational goals, as supported by Larkin and Larkin’s (1994) communication theories. The study also corroborates Schumpeter’s (1934) theory on innovation as a critical driver of organizational development, demonstrating that organizations fostering innovation reported a 28% improvement in key performance indicators. This research not only validates the theoretical underpinnings of effective managerial practices but also provides actionable insights for organizations seeking to enhance their operational excellence. Recommendations include investing in leadership development programs, implementing advanced communication systems, and fostering a culture of innovation to sustain competitive advantage. The study contributes to the broader discourse on organizational performance management and offers a foundation for future research on the longitudinal effects of managerial practices in diverse business contexts. Key references that frame this study include Kotter’s (1990) leadership principles, Kaplan and Norton’s (1996) performance measurement methodologies, and Schumpeter’s (1934) innovation theories. By integrating these frameworks with empirical evidence, the study affirms the indispensable role of effective management in achieving and sustaining organizational excellence.
Conversion of Oil-Containing Residue from Waste Oil Recycling Plant into Porous Carbon Materials by the Activation Method with Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Kuo Li An , Tsai Wen Tien , Pan Chien Chen , Ye Ya Chen , Tsai Chi Hung
Published: November 2024

In the waste oil recycling industry, large amounts of oil-containing sludge were still generated, thus posing a resource-depleted issue if it was disposed of or incinerated without energy recov-ery or residual oil utilization. In this work, the chemical activation experiments by using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were performed at a lower temperature (600°C) for holding 30 min to produce the porous carbon products. From the results of the pore property analysis, it showed an increasing trend with impregnation ratio from 0.5 to 2.0. Based on the Brunau-er–Emmett–Teller (BET) model, the maximal BET surface area was about 70 m2/g, which was indicative of the hysteresis loop and the type IV isotherms in the resulting carbon product. In addition, the enhancement in the pore properties of carbon products by acid-washing was superior to those by water-washing and without post-washing. By the observations of using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the carbon product featured its porous structure and inherent magnetism due to its richness of iron oxides. In this regard, it can be used as an efficient adsorbents or catalyst supports due to its simple re-covery (or separation) if exhausted.
Extreme Drought Leads to First Record of Euglena sanguinea Ehrenberg Blooms in Amazon Lakes
Authors: Castro Mendes Raize , Nascimento Renan , Bandeira Maiby Glorize , Fleischmann Ayan , Gomes Maria Cecilia , Alemeida Fabiane , Vieira Camila , Keppe Isabela , Marmontel Miriam , Giani Alessandra , Pimentel Juliana , Gravena Waleska , Bataglion Giovana , Neves Thiago , Filho Cesar , Frias Mariana , dos Santos Silva Edinaldo Nelson
Published: November 2024

The climate extreme is imposing several threats to Amazonian ecosystems. In 2023, an extreme drought in the Amazon basin and the impacts were measured in the Tefé and Coari lakes, including unprecedented river dolphin mortality and phytoplankton blooms. This study presents the first recorded bloom of Euglena sanguinea in the Amazon, to our knowledge the first record of a phytoplankton bloom directly associated with climate change in the region. We examined the morphology and molecular identification of this species, and the potential environmental impact of its toxins. The analysis involved qualitative and quantitative sampling, microscopic observation, PCR-based molecular identification, and toxin detection. Our findings highlight the need for improving ongoing monitoring of phytoplankton dynamics in response to climate change in the basin, as these events can have serious consequences for both the environment and the local populations.
Reappraisal of the Genetic Diversity Patterns in Puya raimondii—The Queen of the Andes: Insights from Molecular Marker Analysis Reveal an Inbreeding Reproductive Strategy
Authors: Draga Samela , Sgorbati Sergio , Barcaccia Gianni
Published: November 2024

Puya raimondii Harms is a charismatic species discovered in the Cordillera Blanca (now Huascarán National Park, Peru) in 1867 by the great Italian-born Peruvian geographer and naturalist Antonio Raimondi. The importance of this plant is due to its imposing size, to the rare and extreme ecosystem that depends on it, and to the fact that it is linked to the name Antonio Raimondi. Four studies on its genetic diversity revealed a range of patterns, with a fixation index of 0.711 as weighted mean and gene flow as low as 0.02–0.03. In fact, the vast majority of the total genetic variation was documented between populations, with very low genetic variation found within populations (weighted mean genetic diversity as low as Hs = 0.072 and mean genetic similarity very high, ranging from 96% up to 99%). We hypothesize that the narrow genetic base of P. raimondii populations may be due to a combination of factors: i) an inbreeding‒based reproductive strategy (i.e., mating between individuals related by common ancestry), which leads to homozygosity and genomic uniformity; ii) strong environmental selective pressure (e.g., day‒night temperature excursion, long dry period, etc.), which favours only the highest fitness individual genotypes; and iii) a long life cycle, which hampers recombination events and reduces genetic diversity. Overall, these factors suggest that P. raimondii is a genetically fragile, fragmented, and endangered species.
Exploring the Effects of Renewable Energy, Energy Consumption, and Industrial Growth on Saudi Arabia's Environmental Footprint: An ARDL Analysis
Authors: Mohammed Mwahib Gasmelsed , Abdel- Gadir Sufian Eltayeb , Alsulami Faizah Hameed , Mannai Sonia , Arfaoui Lamia , Alharbi Khalid , Qassim Amal , Alsafy Mahmoud Mokhtar
Published: November 2024

This study explores the long-run relationship between environmental footprint (EnF), renewable energy consumption, energy use, industrial growth, and urbanization in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2023, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, alongside Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) for robustness checks. Results indicate a significant long-term relationship among the variables, with renewable energy adoption emerging as a crucial factor in reducing carbon emissions. The ARDL bounds test confirms the existence of cointegration, re-vealing the dynamic interplay between renewable energy, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. The findings show that renewable energy consumption significantly reduces en-vironmental footprint (CO2 emissions), supporting Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals for economic diversification and sustainable development. However, industrial expansion, while critical for economic growth, still contributes to increased emissions, underscoring the need for further in-vestment in clean technologies. The study also highlights the role of urbanization, which, while essential for development, poses challenges for environmental sustainability. Short-term dynamics, represented by the Error Correction Model, indicate a fast adjustment speed toward equilibrium, with deviations corrected by approximately 52% each period. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers aiming to balance industrial growth with environmental protection, emphasizing the need for strategic investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency. This research contributes to the understanding of energy-economy-environment interactions in oil-rich economies, providing a foundation for future studies to explore the impact of advanced technologies and policy interventions on sustainable development

Keywords: Environmental Footprint; Co-integration; Renewable energy; Industrialization; Energy
Tritium Breeder Materials for Nuclear Fusion Reactors: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Lin Sensen , Lu Yongheng , Liu Wei , Sun Yiqiang , Zhou Hao , Gao Yang
Published: November 2024

Nuclear fusion energy, as well as nuclear fission energy, is considered as a clean energy with regar to its $C{O_2}$ emissions. Compare with fission energy, fusion energy has higher energy density and no spent fuel is discharged. A fusion reactor needs operate under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and tight sealing, and the excellent physical and mechanical performances of the structural materials in the reactor are required. The tritium breeding zone is a key component in a fusion reactor acts as the production of tritium, breeding of neutron, and transferring of heat. The lithium-based alloys, which have high tritium breeding ratio, are usually selected as the materials in this zone. In this paper, the development of various liquid and solid lithium materials is introduced. Liquid lithium materials mainly include liquid lithium, molten lithium compounds, and liquid lithium-lead alloy. Solid lithium materials cover lithium-based ceramics oxides, and lithium-lead alloy with high melting points. The tritium breeding ability, the durance characteristics, and the compatibility of these materials are comprehensively compared and analyzed. Among these materials, solid lithium-lead alloy, although in the stage of theoretic studies, is still considered to be a very promising material used as the tritium breeding agent. This paper will provide the insights into the further development of tritium breeding materials with better performances in the future.
Generalisation Process of the Integrated Mathematical Model Created for the Development of the Production Geometry of Complicated Surfaces
Authors: Óváriné Zsuzsanna Balajti
Published: November 2024

Computer modeling of the construction and operation of technical structures is increasingly done using software that includes more detailed knowledge, which requires an increase in the level as well as an expansion of the scope of the geometric knowledge. A significant part of the motion transmission mechanisms are the worm drive pairs, for which the separation of the parts dealing with the theoretical and practical problems found in the literature can be experienced in numerous instances. Due to the different technical features, in many cases the screw surfaces are not designed and manufactured in a geometrically correct way, or the best solution is not necessarily chosen. The geometric model describing the production process of the screw surfaces provides the basis for examining the deviation between the surface mathematically determined by the designer and the surface produced. An integrated mathematical kinematic model was developed for the production geometrical analysis of the elements of cylindrical and conical worm gear drive pairs for machining with a traditional thread grinding machine, which causes a serious pitch fluctuating error among several other problems in case of machining the conical worm. During the geometrical research of production modelling, running parallel to the analysis of these errors, the idea was formulated, since the geometric modelling always is created with the toolbox of descriptive geometry, in which the application of projective invariants proves useful in many cases, it may be advisable to create a projective relationship between the reference surfaces of conical and cylindrical spiral surfaces. As a result of the research conducted for the mathematical generalization of the integrated model, the improved constructive geometric model was created, in which the method of analytically creating the projective geometric relationship between the reference surfaces of conical and cylindrical helicoid surfaces has been described for the first time in this article. The significance of the further development presented in this article is that during the production of the conical helicoid surface, the thread pitch fluctuation has been eliminated, and that the algebraic form of the central collineation relationship between the reference surfaces of the conical and cylindrical worms has also been determined. In accordance with the improved constructive geometric model, the technological environment and tools must be rearranged and relocated during further work.
Standardized Algorithm for Peri- and Postoperative Wound Management Using Fish Skin Grafts and Octenidine in Head-Neck Surgery
Authors: Fiedler Lukas S. , Lippert Burkard M. , Klaus Christoph , Plath Michaela , Zweigart Greta
Published: November 2024

Background: Complex reconstructions are often required in head and neck tumor resections, especially for wounds after radiation therapy and in areas with exposed bone. This study is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of fish skin grafts (FSG) as a reconstructive option combined with octenidine-based antiseptics, focusing on efficacy, granulation and wound healing. Methods: Six patients with eight defects of different etiology, located on head and neck, received FSGs, Defects ranged from 2x2 cm (endonasal) to 7x6 cm (parietooccipital). Time to granulation were observed, with irradiated and non-irradiated cases analyzed separately. As octenidine already showed beneficial results in split-thickness skin transplantation in high-risk patients, we added this molecule in our treatment regimen. Results: Four patients achieved full granulation of wounds; five defects required additional full-thickness skin grafting. Non-irradiated wounds tend to take less time for granulation (median 14 days) than irradiated wounds ( median 48 days; U = 0.33, p = 0.083). Individuals treated with octenilin® gel showed favourable healing outcomes, including quicker granulation time. Conclusions: Despite the poor prognosis for uncomplicated wound healing in all patients in the study, both treatment protocols — using either Flaminal® forte or octenilin® gel — achieved highly satisfactory results when combined with FSG transplantation. This approach therefore appears to be a promising reconstructive method.
Stability Analysis of Excessive Carbon Dioxide Gas Emission Model Through Following Reforestation Policy in Low-Density Forest Biomass
Authors: Nezar Furqan , Jawad Shireen , Winter Matthias , Zeb Anwar
Published: November 2024

بعتبر غاز ثاني أوكسيد الكاربون مسبب رئيسي  لظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري. تعتبر الكتلة الحيوية للغابات ضرورية لاحتجاز ثاني أوكسيد الكاربون في الغلاف الجوي؛ ومع ذلك، فإن معدل الانخفاض في الكتلة الحيوية للغابات في جميع أنحاء العالم مثير للقلق ويمكن أن يعزى إلى الأنشطة البشرية. تعد إعادة التشجير أمرًا ضروريًا في هذه الحالة لتقليل كمية ثاني أوكسيد الكاربون في الغلاف الجوي. يمكن تقييم جهود إعادة التشجير وفقًا للاستثمار المالي المطلوب لتنفيذها. يقدم هذا العمل نموذجًا رياضيًا غير خطي يدرس تأثير إعادة التشجير وتنفيذ مبادرات إعادة التشجير على تنظيم مستويات غاز  ثاني أوكسيد الكاربون في الغلاف الجوي. تم العثور على القيم الحرجة للنموذج وتم تحليل استقرارها . تم إجراء تحليل التشعب حول القيم الحرجة المحتملة. واستنادا إلى تحليل النموذج، فإن غياب إعادة التشجير من شأنه أن يعرض بعض الجوانب  لخطر الانقراض. في حين ساهم برنامج اعادة التشجير في انخفاض مستوى ثاني أوكسيد الكاربون في الغلاف الجوي. علاوة على ذلك، يشير التحليل الرقمي إلى أن النظام يعاني من فقدان الاستقرار دون أنشطة إعادة التشجير.في حين  يحافظ النظام على التذبذب من خلال تشعب هوبف أثناء الانخراط في أنشطة إعادة التشجير.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome for Ischemic Stroke: CD31 and VEGF Expression
Authors: Silvana Sisca , Japardi Iskandar , Rusda Muhammad , Savitri Daulay Rini , Putra Agung , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Masyithah Darlan Dewi , Sofyani Sri , Andreas Yana
Published: November 2024

في الوقت الحالي، تتمثل العلاجات القياسية للسكتة الدماغية الإقفارية في التحلل الخثري الوريدي وإعادة التوعية الوعائية. في المرحلة الحادة (<4.5 ساعات)، فإن نسبة 3.2٪ إلى 5.2٪ فقط من مرضى السكتة الدماغية الإقفارية مؤهلون لتلقي علاج التحلل الخثري الوريدي. الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة (MSCs) هي خلايا متعددة القدرات يمكنها التمايز إلى أنواع مختلفة من الخلايا التي تنتج علاجات تجديدية محتملة لمرضى السكتة الدماغية. تُفرز الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة سيكريتومات تحتوي على عوامل النمو والكيموكينات والسيتوكينات والمستقلبات والدهون النشطة بيولوجياً. يعزز سيكريتوم الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة زيادة إنتاج CD31 وعامل نمو بطانة الأوعية الدموية (VEGF). يؤدي تأثير تكوين الخلايا العصبية وتكوين الأوعية الدموية من نشاط CD31 وVEGF بواسطة الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطية المشتقة من الحبل السري (SH-MSCs) إلى تجدد خلايا الدماغ وتحسين الوظائف العصبية. تحلل هذه الدراسة تأثير حقن 150 ميكرولتر من SH-MSCs على التعبير عن CD31 وVEGF في فئران Rattus norvegicus المصابة بالسكتة الدماغية الإقفارية بشكل موضوعي. استخدمت الدراسة منهجية تجريبية حقيقية في المختبر مع تصميم اختبار بعدي فقط مع مجموعة تحكم، بينما تم أخذ العينة بأسلوب أخذ العينات غير الاحتمالي مع أخذ العينات المتتالي. تم استخدام 18 فأراً من نوع Rattus norvegicus كعينات، وتم تقسيمها إلى 3 مجموعات: شام، والضبط، وP1 (انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط + 150 ميكرولتر سيكريتوم). تم إحداث حالة السكتة الدماغية في فئران مجموعتي الضبط وP1 باستخدام طريقة انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط عن طريق تثبيت الشريان السباتي المشترك. تم استخدام مقياس الشدة العصبية المعدل (mNSS) لقياس تحسن الوظائف العصبية. من خلال زيادة التعبير عن VEGF وCD31، يمكن للخلايا الجذعية الوسيطية المشتقة من الحبل السري أن تحفز تكاثر الخلايا، وبقاء الخلايا العصبية، وتكوين الأوعية الدموية، والتوعية، وتكوين الخلايا العصبية، واستعادة سلامة الحاجز الدموي الدماغي في أدمغة الفئران، مما يؤدي إلى تحسين النتائج السريرية والوظائف العصبية في الفئران المصابة بالسكتة الدماغية الإقفارية.
Analysis of Multiple Working Vacations Queuing System With Encouraged Arrival Using M/M (a,b)/1 Model
Authors: P Prakati , K. Julia Rose Mary
Published: November 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة مفهوم الوصول المشجع في نموذج قائمة الانتظار M/M(a,b)/1/MWV وتتبع القاعدة العامة للخدمة السائبة. يستمر الخادم في أخذ إجازة عندما يكون النظام خاملاً، أي عندما يكون فارغًا. يتعامل هذا النموذج مع إجازات العمل المتعددة التي يتم توزيعها بشكل كبير ويتم تقديم مفهوم الوصول المشجع في الفترة المزدحمة العادية. يعد مصطلح الوصول المشجع إضافة حديثة إلى المفاهيم الحالية لنظرية الانتظار لسلوك المستهلك ويتبع توزيع بواسون. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى حساب متوسط طول قائمة الانتظار (Lq)  ومقاييس الأداء الأخرى المختلفة لنموذج قائمة الانتظار الذي تمت مناقشته.
A Comparison of Anti-Citrullniated Peptide Antibody, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Zinc and Copper in Sera of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Control: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: AL-Obaidy Fatima Qasim , Al-Gebori Abdulnasser M. , Alosami Mohammed Hadi Munshed
Published: November 2024

المفاصل الروماتويدي (RA) هو مرض مناعي ذاتي جهازي مزمن يرتبط بتكاثر الأنسجة الزليلية وتكوين السبل. كان الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد العلاقة بين هذه العوامل ومستويات الأجسام المضادة للببتيد المضاد للسيترولين (ACPA)، والانزيم النازع لهيدروجين اللاكتات  (LDH)، والزنك  (Zn)، والنحاس (Cu) في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (RA). أجريت الدراسة في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي في بغداد، العراق، وشارك فيها 110 مريضاً (95 أنثى و15 رجلاً)، الذين تمت مطابقتهم من حيث العمر والجنس مع 40 من الاشخاص الاصحاء(28 أنثى و12 ذكراً). تم تشخيص المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي من قبل مجوعة اطباء الروماتيزم المتخصص باستخدام معايير ACR/EULAR في عام 2010. وفقًا لنوع العلاج المضاد للروماتيزم المُعدل للمرض المستخدم - البيولوجي (bDMARDs)، التقليدي (cDMARDs)، والمختلط (DMARDs) - .تم تقسيم المرضى في  هذه الدراسة إلى ثلاث مجموعات فرعية. تم قياس كمية الزنك والنحاس وLDH باستخدام مقياس الطيف الضوئي (AAS)، في حين تم تقييم مصل ACPA باستخدام مقايسة الامتصاص المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم (ELISA) أظهرت النتائج وجود ارتفاع ملحوظ في جميع المجموعات الفرعية لـ ACPAs (p<0.001)، الزنك (p<0.001)، والنحاس (p<0.001) بالمقارنة مع مجموعة الاشخاص الاصحاء ، ولكن لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعات الفرعية. زادت مستويات LDH بشكل ملحوظ في المجموعات الفرعية للعلاج الكيميائي والعلاج الكيميائي الحيوي بالمقارنة مع الأصحاء، ولكن مستويات LDH انخفضت بشكل ملحوظ في المجموعة الفرعية للبيولوجيا بالمقارنة مع المجموعات الفرعية للعلاج الكيميائي والعلاج الكيميائي الحيوي. ليس لتغيير أنواع العلاج أي تأثير على رفع مستويات ACPA، والزنك، والنحاس، إلا أنه له تأثير على مستويات LDH لم تظهر المجموعة الفرعية للبيولوجيا أي فرق كبير بين المرضى والاشخاص الاصحاء.
Testing of Horizontal Wells With Overlying Gas Cap
Authors: Fleming C. H. , Gilman J. R. , Kazemi Hossein
Published: November 2024

E&P Exchange

Pressure-buildup testing can be used to determine the need for remedial well treatment in horizontal wells. However, analysis of transient tests in these wells is complicated when a gas cap is present. In a fractured, vuggy, carbonate reservoir that contains a large gas cap, several buildup tests were run on horizontal wells. In almost all tests, the pressure derivative showed a period of oscillatory data in log-log plots (Fig. 1a), which shed doubt on the usefulness of the tests. This article provides an explanation of the oscillatory behavior and shows the conditions under which permeability and skin can be determined when a gas cap is present. Ref. 1 gives a more detailed discussion of results. Oscillations in the pressure derivative are often encountered in pressure-buildup tests as a result of measurement errors caused by the gauges. We initially thought this was the case in the tests studied until further investigation indicated multiphase effects. High-resolution electronic gauges with an accuracy of 0.01 psi were used on all the horizontal wells tested. Late-time data (at more than 2.5 hours) were not sampled as frequently as early data, resulting in an erratic appearance of the pressure derivative. However, careful examination of the derivative data shows continuous oscillatory behavior like that in the simulated case (Fig. 1b). The change in measured pressure between sampling intervals in the late-time data is well within the resolution of the gauge.
RETRACTED: Numerical Study on the Behavior of High Strength Concrete Encased Steel (CES) Composite Stub Columns under Compressive Load
Authors: Said Shwan H. , Khalel Raid I. , Hasan Kamalaldin F. , Alsubari Belal
Published: November 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Rapid and intense onset of granulation tissue formation following walnut aspiration: A case report
Authors: Aykun Gökhan , Köseoğlu Handan İnönü
Published: November 2024

Foreign body aspiration can affect individuals of all ages and lead to symptoms such as dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing. Complications may arise from the physical and chemical properties of the aspirated material as well as the duration of retention. This case study reports the early bronchoscopic and pathological findings of a 38-year-old male patient who aspirated walnuts. The patient underwent flexible bronchoscopy 14 hours after aspiration, and a piece of walnut was successfully removed from the intermediate bronchus. During the procedure, the bronchial mucosa appeared extremely irregular and yellowish-green in color. Follow-up bronchoscopy one month later revealed regression of the previously observed granulation tissue. This case highlights the importance of early intervention in foreign body aspiration cases, especially with substances that can rapidly and intensely react with mucous membranes such as walnuts.
The impact of artificial intelligence on the new quality productive forces of enterprises
Authors: Xiaohong Chen , Liu Liu , Dayuan Li , Yangfan Han , Xiaoliang Liu
Published: November 2024

A new quality productive force is a strong driving and supporting force in the high-quality development of enterprises. It is thus crucial to study the driving factors underlying the development of enterprises. Using data on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence on the new quality productive forces of enterprises. It is found that (1) artificial intelligence significantly impacts the improvement of new quality productive forces of enterprises; (2) innovation-drivenness plays a mediating role in the relationship between artificial intelligence and the new quality productive forces of enterprises; (3) market competition plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between artificial intelligence and the new quality productive forces of enterprises; (4) compared with enterprises in central and western regions and enterprises with rigorous financing constraints, enterprises in eastern regions and those with liberal financing constraints can better improve new quality productive forces by utilizing artificial intelligence. These conclusions provide theoretical support for the use of artificial intelligence in improving new quality productive forces and enrich empirical research.
Establishment of a high-throughput scale-down clone screening platform for intensified fed-batch culture of CHO cells
Authors: Luo Haiyan , Wang Shuai , Chong Collin , Wang Lile , Sun Xiaojun , Guo Qian , Zhang Sam , Chen Xiaoyue , Zhou Hang , Zhou Weichang
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To develop a scale-down clone screening platform for the intensified fed-batch (IFB) process to allow efficient identification of high expressing clones fitting the IFB culture strategy in bioreactor.
Results
Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used in the development and validation of the IFB specific clone screening platform for CHO cells. The IFB platform significantly improved titer levels, achieving an average titer of 8 g/L and the highest titer of 9.6 g/L. With similar cell viability, lactate profile and titer levels, both the spin tube model and the AMBR250@ bioreactor system were effective in screening clones suitable for IFB process. The addition of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) and uridine in the process optimisation led to a further increase in expression levels in both systems, achieving the highest titer of 12.2g/L.
Conclusion
This IFB-process specific clone screening serves as an alternative platform that can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of screening high-expressing CHO cell lines for IFB production.