bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and application of a decoupled rotary‐linear switched reluctance motor for concentrated photovoltaic power generation
Authors: Li Siyang , Cheng Ka Wai E. , Zhu Jingwei , Zou Yu
Published: June 2018

A decoupled two‐degree of freedom switched reluctance motor is investigated for a special application in concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) power generation system. Firstly, a new method to adjust the gesture of solar cells by the motor is proposed. Second, the motor is introduced elaborately, including its structure, design and control. Importantly, this motor has been manufactured and initially used by the CPV power generation system. Thirdly, experimental measurements involving force outputs and torque outputs are given. The tracking accuracies in linear and rotary directions can achieve high accuracy in both degree of freedom of 0.3° and 100 μm, respectively, that is utterly needed by CPV. As the results of the tracking upgraded, the power generation output of the new CPV system has been enhanced, validating the effectiveness of the motor and the solar tracking system proposed. This power generation approach can be used in solar energy harvesting in future.
Damping region extension for digitally controlled LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter with capacitor‐current feedback
Authors: Liu Jinhong , Zhou Lin , Molinas Marta
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the extent to which the damping region of a digitally controlled LCL‐type grid connected inverter is influenced by the ratio between sampling and switching frequencies, the grid impedance variation and changes in the LCL filter. Based on this analysis, an improved capacitor‐current feedback is proposed to preserve stability by extending the damping region under the critical conditions identified. The attention is focused on the case when the switching frequency is higher than one‐half of the sampling frequency, which is not covered in the existing literature. In this case, the undamped region is obviously expanded and a conventional capacitor‐current feedback will not provide sufficient damping region. An improved capacitor‐current feedback active damping method is proposed to increase the system critical frequency greatly and to obtain a wider damping region for all possible LCL resonances. With a reasonable parameter design, the extended system damping region is able to cover almost all possible resonance frequencies even when the switching frequency is the same as sampling frequency. A high robustness to grid‐impedance variation is achieved in the system as a result of this improved feedback control. The effectiveness of the theoretical analysis and proposed method is verified by the experimental results.
Effect of the exoplanet magnetic field topology on its magnetospheric radio emission
Authors: Varela J. , Réville V. , Brun A. S. , Zarka P. , Pantellini F.
Published: June 2018

Context. The magnetized wind from stars that impact exoplanets should lead to radio emissions. According to the scaling laws derived in the solar system, the radio emission should depend on the stellar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, and topology of the exoplanet magnetosphere.

Aims. The aim of this study is to calculate the dissipated power and subsequent radio emission from exoplanet magnetospheres with different topologies perturbed by the interplanetary magnetic field and stellar wind, to refine the predictions from scaling laws, and to prepare the interpretation of future radio detections.

Methods. We use the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code PLUTO in spherical coordinates to analyze the total radio emission level resulting from the dissipation of the kinetic and magnetic (Poynting flux) energies inside the exoplanet’s magnetospheres. We apply a formalism to infer the detailed contribution in the exoplanet radio emission on the exoplanet’s day side and magnetotail. The model is based on Mercury-like conditions, although the study results are extrapolated to exoplanets with stronger magnetic fields, providing the lower bound of the radio emission.

Results. The predicted dissipated powers and resulting radio emissions depend critically on the exoplanet magnetosphere topology and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation. The radio emission on the exoplanet’s night and day sides should thus contain information on the exoplanet magnetic field topology. In addition, if the topology of an exoplanet magnetosphere is known, the radio emission measurements can be used as a proxy of the instantaneous dynamic pressure of the stellar wind, IMF orientation, and intensity.
HNCO-based synthesis of formamide in planetary atmospheres
Authors: Ferus M. , Laitl V. , Knizek A. , Kubelík P. , Sponer J. , Kára J. , Sponer J. E. , Lefloch B. , Cassone G. , Civiš S.
Published: June 2018

Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform absorption infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution UV–ViS emission spectroscopy have been used to characterize the chemistry of isocyanic acid (HNCO) under glow discharge conditions in planetary atmospheres. HNCO mixtures (i.e., composed of di-hydrogen or ammonia) have been investigated in order to unveil the possible reaction pathways leading to the synthesis of the key prebiotic molecule formamide (HCONH2), upon planetary atmospheres containing isocyanic acid in presence of di-hydrogen and, separately, of ammonia. In addition, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations coupled with a modern metadynamics technique have been performed in order to identify the most likely chemical pathways connecting HNCO to formamide. It turned out that the direct hydrogenation of HNCO is thermodynamically favored. Incidentally, the experimental results – supplied by a simplified kinetic model – also proved the favorability of the reaction HNCO + H2→ HCONH2which, moreover, spontaneously takes place in unbiased ab initio molecular dynamics simulations carried out under the effect of intense electric fields.
Sport Participation and Metabolic Risk During Adolescent Years: A Structured Equation Model
Authors: Werneck André Oliveira , da Silva Danilo , Fernandes Rômulo , Ronque Enio Ricardo Vaz , Coelho-e-Silva Manuel , Cyrino Edilson
Published: June 2018

Sports practice during childhood can influence health indicators in later ages through direct and indirect pathways. Thus, this study aimed to test direct and indirect pathways to the association between sports practice in childhood and metabolic risk in adolescence, adopting physical activity, adiposity, and cardiorespiratory fitness at adolescence as potential mediators. This cross-sectional study with retrospective information was conducted with 991 adolescents (579 girls, 412 boys) aged 10 to 16 y. Sports activity was self-reported in childhood (retrospective data) and physical activity evaluated in adolescence through questionnaires. Somatic maturation (Mirwald method), cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle-run test), body fat (skinfolds), waist circumference, blood pressure (automatic instrument) and blood variables (fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) were measured at adolescence. Waist circumference, blood pressure and blood variables composed the metabolic risk score. Structured equation modeling was adopted. In both sexes, the relationship between sports practice at childhood and metabolic risk was fully mediated by habitual physical activity, which is related to the obesity construct and cardiorespiratory fitness. Obesity was associated with metabolic risk in boys (β=0.062; p<0.001) and girls (β=0.047; p<0.001). The relationship between sports practice in childhood and metabolic risk in adolescence was mediated by physical activity, obesity, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Qualitätsmanagement für Hebammen
Authors: Stamm Anja
Published: June 2018

Seit Inkrafttreten des neuen Vertrags über die Versorgung mit Hebammenhilfe nach § 134a SGB V sind freiberufliche Hebammen verpflichtet, ein Qualitätsmanagement-System einzuführen. Die Übergangsphase begann im Mai 2016 und dauerte zwei Jahre. Seit 1.1.2018 gilt eine Nachweispflicht. Andrea Mehlberg möchte allen Mut machen, sich mit den vermeintlich trockenen Formalien auseinanderzusetzen. In einem spontanen Vortrag auf dem Forum Hebammenarbeit 2018 im März in Leipzig zeigte sie, wie sich mit einer positiven Einstellung an das Thema herangehen lässt.
An Integrated Strategy to Qualitatively Differentiate Components of Raw and Processed Viticis Fructus Based on NIR, HPLC and UPLC-MS Analysis
Authors: Diao Jiayin , Xu Can , Zheng Huiting , He Siyi , Wang Shumei
Published: June 2018

Viticis Fructus is a traditional Chinese herbal drug processed by various methods to achieve different clinical purposes. Thermal treatment potentially alters chemical composition, which may impact on effectiveness and toxicity. In order to interpret the constituent discrepancies of raw versus processed (stir-fried) Viticis Fructus, a multivariate detection method (NIR, HPLC, and UPLC-MS) based on metabonomics and chemometrics was developed. Firstly, synergy interval partial least squares and partial least squares-discriminant analysis were employed to screen the distinctive wavebands (4319 – 5459 cm−1) based on preprocessed near-infrared spectra. Then, HPLC with principal component analysis was performed to characterize the distinction. Subsequently, a total of 49 compounds were identified by UPLC-MS, among which 42 compounds were eventually characterized as having a significant change during processing via the semiquantitative volcano plot analysis. Moreover, based on the partial least squares-discriminant analysis, 16 compounds were chosen as characteristic markers that could be in close correlation with the discriminatory near-infrared wavebands. Together, all of these characterization techniques effectively discriminated raw and processed products of Viticis Fructus. In general, our work provides an integrated way of classifying Viticis Fructus, and a strategy to explore discriminatory chemical markers for other traditional Chinese herbs, thus ensuring safety and efficacy for consumers.
Platelet Cofactors as Plasma Components of the Intrinsic Blood Clotting Mechanisms
Authors: Mammen Eberhard F. , Yoshinari Motoyuki , Seegers Walter H.
Published: June 2018

The method for the assay for platelet cofactors has been overhauled to make allowance for an adequate and uniform supply of Ac-globulin. Thrombin is added at zero time to reduce variability of response in the activation of prothrombin. The potency of purified platelet cofactor I is about twice that of platelet cofactor II (autoprothrombin II). The total mass of platelet factor 3 plus platelet cofactor I or platelet cofactor II is much greater in the conversion of a given amount of purified prothrombin to thrombin than when brain thromboplastin is used.

In plasma and serum from the human being barium carbonate adsorbs platelet cofactor II, and ether extraction frees activity that is not adsorbed on barium carbonate before ether extraction. The extract contains an inhibitor(s) of prothrombin activation. The inhibition is strong in the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic prothrombin activation mechanisms. In the case of bovine plasma barium carbonate adsorption leaves the plasma richer in platelet cofactor activity and in that respect it differs from the plasma from human beings. Dog plasma and serum is comparable to that from man than the bovine species.

The lipids extracted from plasma or serum with ether are predominantly anticoagulant. Since platelet cofactor I activity disappears during the clotting of blood, we think that a function of platelet cofactor I is to be the receptor for an anticoagulant. Then as autoprothrombin II arises from prothrombin it serves as a procoagulant and is not retarded by the anticoagulant neutralized by platelet cofactor I.
Blood Clotting Activities of Thrombolytic Agents with Special Reference to a Hageman-like Effect
Authors: Iatridis Sotirios G. , Wilson Ella Gray , Ferguson John H. , Rierson Herman A.
Published: June 2018

Representatives of modern thrombolytic agents have been shown to possess certain in vitro clot accelerating activities, which a variety of experiments indicate to be due to a ‘Hageman-like’ effect. This activity is surface dependent and remarkably resistant to long keeping (in active plasmin) and to acid heating, unlike ‘surface factor’ (‘activation product’). The effect is quite powerful under certain test conditions, but it remains to be seen whether it is of any significance during the use of thrombolytic agents therapeutically.
A Hitherto Undescribed Congenital Haemorrhagic Diathesis Probably Due to Fibrin Stabilizing Factor Deficiency
Authors: Duckert F , Jung E , Shmerling D. H
Published: June 2018

A new congenital haemorrhagic diathesis is described. It is characterized by the poor and slaw wound healing, profuse and long bleeding and by probable absence of spontaneous and joint bleeding. It is due to the deficiency of a factor which makes the fibrin clots insoluble in urea. This factor is probably the fibrin stabilizing factor of Laki and Lorand, although no proof of their identity can yet be given. The deficiency appears in both sexes and is probably an autosomal recessive disease.
“In vitro” Neutralization with Oxalate Ion of the Anticoagulant Effect of Heparin
Authors: Cruz W. O , Meis L , Dietrich C. P
Published: June 2018

Heparinized blood or plasma coagulates if, after addition of oxalate, recalcification follows. Of the decalcifying agents only oxalate ion has been suitable for demonstrating this phenomenon. Oxalate seem to accomplish two different roles connected with this effect: a fundamental one, i. e., to sensitize a heparinlipoprotein complex to the action of an anti-heparin factor found in normal plasma or serum and a secondary one, related to its capacity to adsorb this antiheparin factor. The latter is removable by centrifugation. This anti-heparin oxalate factor, which is able to counteract the action of heparin after previous addition of oxalate, was found in sequestrened, Dowex 50 resin plasma or in serum, but is not active in citrated plasma. This factor was removed from plasma by adsorption with barium sulfate, aluminium hydroxide or calcium oxalate and was eluted from these adsorbants after incubation with saline.
Preliminary Studies on the N-Terminal Amino Acids of Human Plasminogen
Authors: Shulman Sidney , Rifé Ubaldo
Published: June 2018

Human plasminogen has been analyzed for N-terminal amino acids. It was found to have one residue each of lysine and serine per molecule, with the possibility that threonine and glutamic acid may also serve in this role. On conversion to SK-plasmin, serine is lost as a terminal group and leucine appears as a new terminal unit.
Studies on the Coagulation of the Blood in Patients Treated with Extra-Corporeal Circulation
Authors: de Vries S. I , van Creveld S , Groen P , Müller E , Wettermark M
Published: June 2018

Conclusions and summary

An extensive investigation of the coagulation mechanism was performed in 21 patients suffering from a congenital heart failure and exposed to surgical treatment with the aid of extra-corporeal circulation. The results have been discussed and suggestions given for the preoperative and postoperative mode of investigation in future. Only three factors may be considered a possible contraindication for the operation, namely

1. a persistent and marked thrombocytopenia,

2. fibrinogenopenia and

3. a high degree of fibrinolysis.

Before a final decision to operate is taken an attempt should be made to restore the impaired coagulation mechanism. The necessity of a preoperative analysis and a close cooperation between the surgeon and the coagulationist before, during and after the operation have been stressed.
Studies on the Formation and Inactivation of Human Blood Coagulation Product I
Authors: Spaet Theodore H. , Cintron Jose
Published: June 2018

Although thrombin formed in product I generating mixtures, product I and thrombin activity were essentially uncorrelated. The addition of thrombin to generating mixtures caused acceleration of product I formation, but failed to elicit product I formation in “incomplete” systems. Product I was found to be relatively stable when formed with diluted reagents or separated from certain plasma proteins. When inactivation occurred with concentrated reagents, activity was restored only with further addition of reagents containing AHF. The stability of product I at 57° C is similar to that of AHF. When product I is reacted with a source of phosphatide to form blood thromboplastin, little product I “consumption” occurs.
Mikroskopische Befunde über die Blutstillung bei Serotoninausschaltung
Authors: Witte S , Schricker K Th. , Schmid E
Published: June 2018

1. Das Problem der Serotoninwirkung während der Hämostase nach Verletzung großer muskulärer Blutgefäße wurde am Rattenmesenterium vitalmikroskopisch untersucht. Im besonderen sollte geprüft werden, ob die Konstriktion des verletzten Gefäßstumpfes und der umschriebene Spasmus begleitender unverletzter Gefäße durch Verminderung oder Hemmung des Serotonins verändert werden.

2. Die Reduktion des Serotonins der Plättchen durch Reserpin beeinflußte die lokale Vasokonstriktion der Verletzungsstelle nicht. Dagegen wurden ein hämo-statischer Plättchenpfropf und ein Spasmus der unverletzten Nachbargefäße öfters vermißt, was auf unspezifische toxische Wirkungen des Reserpins zurückzuführen ist.

3. Durch Injektion der Serotoninantagonisten LSD 25, BOL 148 und UML 491 wird die Serotoninwirkung in vivo aufgehoben. In diesen Fällen erwies sich die Blutstillung zum Teil als insuffizient; die vasokonstriktorischen Phänomene fehlten häufiger als bei den Kontrollen, waren jedoch in etwa der Hälfte der Fälle trotz kompletter Serotoninblockade vorhanden. Die Diskussion dieser Befunde im Hinblick auf die Spezifität der Serotoninantagonisten läßt die Beobachtungen mit Wahrscheinlichkeit unspezifischen pharmakologischen Wirkungen der Lysergsäurederivate zuordnen.

4. An den Gefäßreaktionen, welche die Blutstillung an großen muskulären Gefäßen begleiten, ist somit das Serotonin der Plättchen nicht wesentlich beteiligt.
The Activation of Plasminogen by Urokinase (in Comparison with Previous Observations Made with Streptokinase)
Authors: Beller F. K , Glas P
Published: June 2018

The plasminogen activation using urokinase was studied by means of a two-phase method, the activation mixture being composed by either plasma (undiluted or diluted) and urokinase, or plasma (undiluted or diluted), urokinase and bovine or human fibrinogen (= fibrinogenolytic system).

The results were compared with previous observations made with streptokinase under the same assay conditions.

1. Urokinase activity was affected by the inhibitory power of undiluted plasma. By depressing the plasma inhibitors through dilution of plasma, an increase in activity was obtained.

The simultaneous dilution of plasma-proactivator could be neglected, because urokinase is known to act directly on plasminogen.

It seems likely that hereby the plasminogen-inhibitor-complex is dissociated in favour of plasminogen.

If, contrary, the activation was carried out by streptokinase, dilution of plasma resulted in a diminution of the plasma-proactivator with consequent decrease in activity.

2. Inhibition of coagulation was shown to occur in both systems, just as an initial hypercoagulability, the absence of alteration of the other clotting factors, and the failure to demonstrate an inhibitory agent as the cause of incoagulability. Respectively, the so-called “para-coagulation” was found to be only obtained if the addition of protamine sulphate to the incoagulable text mixture has been preceded by the addition of thrombin.

Discussing the different activation mechanisms, we feel inclined to conclude that it may be more suitable in the estimation of fibrinolytic activity to develop — possibly on the base of our experiments — an assay system using urokinase as the activator, especially if the inhibitory agents are to be determined.
Separation of Human Fibrinogen and Plasminogen by means of Gel Filtration
Authors: Berg Walter , Korsan-Bengtsen Kristoffer
Published: June 2018

A simple method for removing contaminating plasminogen from fibrinogen is described. The method is based on gel filtration with Sephadex G-200.

When purified fibrinogen was clotted in the presence of urokinase, no lysis was observed during an observation period of 4 weeks.
Studies on Chick Embryo Thrombocytes
Authors: Stalsberg Helge , Prydz Hans
Published: June 2018

The morphology and development of chick embryo thrombocytes were studied with the PAS technique. A line of thrombocyte development was established, first recognizable in stage 12 (49 hours) embryos. The relative frequencies of the different precursor stages in embryos of varying age were investigated. Principally, the development of the thrombocytes seems to follow the same line in hatched chicken.

Our findings suggest that the process of cell multiplication is completed by amitotic division in stages II—III.
The Influence of Inorganic Salts on Plasma Antithrombin Activity
Authors: Monkhouse Frank C
Published: June 2018

A study has been made of factors influencing the activities of plasma antithrombin. Optimal antithrombin activity was obtained between pH 7.8 and 8.5. Dialysis against distilled water reduced the antithrombin activity to less than 30 per cent of normal. The antithrombin activity was restored by the addition, directly or by dialysis, of a number of salts. The increased activity in the presence of the salts seemed to be a function of the polyvalent anions rather than of the ionic strength of the medium. The antithrombin activity of alpha- tocopherol phosphate in vitro appears to be a function of the phosphate ion and not of the vitamin itself.
Experimental Venous Thrombosis in Rats
Authors: Nordöy Arne
Published: June 2018

1. Thrombosis in rats were produced by Blake et al.’s technique of application of formalin solution to the jugular vein. The incidence of thrombosis produced by a 10% (v/v) formalin in 65% methanol solution and observed after 24 hours was 30% ± 4.6 S. D.

2. The administration of 100 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight orally every fourth hour for 24 hours increased the incidence of thrombosis about twice (to about 65%).

A single dose of 400 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight had a slight effect only.

3. EACA increased markedly the antifibrinolytic activity in plasma with a maximum after 3—5 hours oral administration. A moderate increase in the fibrinogen concentration was observed in all groups.

4. Global tests for plasma coagulation, the platelet count and the number of adhesive platelets were not significantly influenced by the administration of EACA.
Purpura thrombopénique de nature immunologique
Authors: Salmon J , Hugues J , Smoliar V
Published: June 2018

a) L’étude du purpura thrombopénique expérimental a été réalisée chez le rat à l’aide de sérum de lapin anti-plaquettes de rat utilisé soit brut, soit épuisé par du sérum de ce dernier animal, les anticorps ayant été préalablement analysés par l’immunoélectrophorèse.

b) Ces recherches permettent de préciser la cinétique de la thrombopénie provoquée par les antisérums. Elles révèlent l’existence d’un certain délai entre la chute du taux des plaquettes et l’apparition des lésions hémorragiques. Elles confirment en plus le manque de parallélisme étroit entre la thrombocytose et la tendance hémorragique.

c) L’administration par voie sous-cutanée de sérum anti-plaquettes induit une lésion locale précoce comparable à un phénomène d’Arthus. Celle-ci devient fortement hémorragique vers la 24e heure, après effondrement du taux des plaquettes, tandis qu’apparaît un purpura généralisé.

d) Les relations éventuelles entre thrombopénie et lésions hémorragiques sont discutées. Certains arguments suggèrent qu’un important rôle est réservé à l’activation de certains enzymes protéolytiques dans la pathogénie des purpuras thrombopéniques d’origine immunologique. Ils confirment la pathogénie double, plaquettaire et vasculaire, des purpuras hémorragiques thrombopéniques, établie pour la première fois expérimentalement par Bedson (3) et Roskam (11, 12).
Auswirkungen experimentell erzeugter schwerer Gerinnungsdefekte des Blutes in vivo
Authors: Schröer H , Hauck G , Peiper U
Published: June 2018

Schwere, mit Ungerinnbarkeit des Blutes einhergehende Defekte im Gerinnungssystem des strömenden Blutes wurden an großen Hunden 1. durch langsame intravenöse Thrombininfusion, 2. durch Austauschtransfusion mit defibriniertem Spenderblut erzeugt. Die fortlaufend untersuchten Veränderungen der wichtigsten Gerinnungsfaktoren im Organismus während etwa 30 Stunden werden beschrieben.

Die Restitutionsprozesse nach Thrombininfusion waren, mit Ausnahme einer bleibenden Verminderung der Plättchenzahl, nach spätestens 20 Stunden im wesentlichen abgeschlossen. Der durch Austausch des tiereigenen Blutes mit defibriniertem Spenderblut gesetzte Defekt konnte durch Wiederzuführen des — vorübergehend heparinisierten — Eigenblutes in kürzester Zeit großenteils wieder behoben werden. Die weitere Normalisierung des Gerinnungspotentials erfolgte spontan. Der Grad der künstlich erzielten Restitution ist hauptsächlich eine Funktion der dem Kreislauf wieder zugeführten Vollblutmenge. Methodische Möglichkeiten, die sich daraus zum Problem der Steuerbarkeit der Blutgerinnung bei extrakorporaler Zirkulation ergeben könnten, werden angedeutet.

Ständige Beobachtung des Kreislaufs und des Allgemeinzustandes der Tiere ergab keinen Hinweis auf eine durch die Störungen im Gerinnungssystem bedingte Beeinträchtigung wichtiger Körperfunktionen. Massive Steigerungen der Gefäßpermeabilität in Form lebensbedrohender Ödeme traten nicht auf. Es werden Aussagen über die Beziehungen zwischen dem Gerinnungssystem des Blutes und der Schrankenfunktion der Kapillaren gemacht.
Haemophilia B in a Girl
Authors: Niléhn Jan-Erik , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: June 2018

A 6 year old girl with symptoms of severe haemophilia and a haemophilia B factor B content of 2%—3% of normal is described. Investigation of the family revealed that the mother and the sister of the girl were carriers of the haemophilia B gene, while the father was normal. Chromosome studies showed a pattern of 2 X chromosomes.
Über den Einfluß von Prednisolon, Nucleosiden und Aminoxydasehemmern auf die Serotoninbildung alternder Blutplättchen
Authors: Schmid E , Witte S , Pfannmüller B , Schricker K. Th
Published: June 2018

Der Einfluß von Prednisolon, Nucleosiden und Hemmstoffen der Monoaminoxydase auf die Serotoninbindung alternder Thrombozyten wurde untersucht.

Prednisolon verzögert den Aminverlust der konservierten Blutplättchen und hemmt dadurch den Abfall des Blutserotoningehalts. Nucleoside beeinflussen den Verlauf der 5-Hydroxytryptamin-Bindung nicht. Sie behindern die Sero-toninaufnahme durch die Blutplättchen im Speicherungsversuch. Unsere Versuche geben daher keinen Hinweis auf eine verbesserte biologische Überlebensdauer der Thrombozyten unter dem Einfluß dieser Stoffe.

Aminoxydase-Inhibitoren hemmen den fermentativen Abbau von 5-Hydr-oxytryptamin im Plasma der Blutkonserve. Sie wirken am isolierten Organ antagonistisch gegen Serotonin und beeinflussen dadurch die biologische Bestimmung des Amingehalts der einzelnen Blutfraktionen. Die Hemmung ist in der Thrombozytenfraktion am stärksten ausgeprägt. Wir vermuten daher, daß MAO-Hemmer von Thrombozyten bevorzugt gebunden werden können. Die Bedeutung des Befundes für die Therapie mit diesen Wirkstoffen wird diskutiert.
Vitalhistologische Untersuchungen an Mikroblutungen umschriebener Hautbezirke
Authors: Ehring F
Published: June 2018

Der Fingernagelwall ist bevorzugter Sitz einer Kapillarerkrankung, welche mit Diapedeseblutungen und dem Verlust einzelner Kapillaren einhergeht. In vitalhistologischen Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, wie die abgerissenen Gefäße und das epidermisnah ausgetretene Blut in die Epidermis aufgenommen und zur Hautoberfläche ausgeschieden werden. Tiefer gelegene Extravasate treten zur Tiefe der Haut. Entsprechende Beobachtungen an anderen Hautstellen sprechen dafür, daß dieser Ausscheidungsmechanismus für die ganze Haut gilt.
A History of Concussion Does Not Lead to an Increase in Ocular Near Point of Convergence
Authors: van Donkelaar Paul , Dierijck Jill , Wright Alexander , Smirl Jonathan
Published: June 2018

Ocular near point of convergence (NPC) has been shown to be sensitive to the effects of concussion and subconcussive impacts. To determine if NPC is also sensitive to a previous history of concussion, male contact-sport athletes either with (n=26) or without (n=16) a history of at least one previous concussion had their NPC assessed. The results showed that participants with a history of concussion displayed NPC values (9.4±1.6 cm) indistinguishable from those with no history of concussion (8.4±2.1 cm, t-test, p=0.09). This was the case regardless of whether 1, 2, or 3 or more concussions had occurred and despite the fact participants with concussion (mean time since last concussion: 1136 days) suffered from an increased number and severity of symptoms as assessed with the SCAT 3 (3.6±2.2 vs. 2.13±1.89 symptoms, 6.1±4.1 vs. 3.19±2.99 severity, t-test, p<0.05). Taken together, these results imply that NPC may not be a suitable tool to assess the potential long-term effects of one or more concussions over a longer time frame. Future research using larger sample sizes is warranted to evaluate the potential dose-response relationship between number of prior concussions and NPC.
Symmetric calorons and the rotation map
Authors: Cork Josh
Published: June 2018

We study SU(2) calorons, also known as periodic instantons, and consider invariance under isometries of S1×R3 coupled with a non-spatial isometry called the rotation map. In particular, we investigate the fixed points under various cyclic symmetry groups. Our approach utilises a construction akin to the ADHM construction of instantons—what we call the monad matrix data for calorons—derived from the work of Charbonneau and Hurtubise. To conclude, we present an example of how investigating these symmetry groups can help to construct new calorons by deriving Nahm data in the case of charge 2.
Percolation theory based statistical resistance model for resistive random access memory
Authors: Wang Lingfei , Thean Aaron Voon-Yew , Liang Gengchiau
Published: June 2018

A comprehensive understanding of the disorder-induced transport characteristics in resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is critical for its thermal stability analysis and analog switching for the coming neuromorphic computing application. Superior to the previous transport mechanisms which are only valid within their respective ranges of temperatures, we propose a unified physics-based model that can accurately predict the transport dependence on all temperature ranges up to 300 K. By utilizing percolation theory and the Fermi Golden Rule, the probability distributions for both the tunnel junction energy barrier and gap distance based statistical resistance model are described. It is found that different programming cycles and resistance states contribute to transition behavior between various low-temperature transport mechanisms. Moreover, the model can also investigate the dependence of electrical characteristics on defect generation like radiation damage. Therefore, it quantitatively relates the thermal stability and percolation effects to the structural disorders in RRAM. The good agreement between the simulation and experimental results indicates that our physics-based model can provide an accurate prediction of temperature and disorder dependent effects in RRAMs.
Heating rate dependent ignition of Al/Pt nanolaminates through pulsed laser irradiation
Authors: Abere Michael J. , Yarrington Cole D. , Adams David P.
Published: June 2018

Direct laser irradiation of sputter deposited Al/Pt nanolaminate multilayers results in rapid local heating and exothermic mixing of reactant layers. Milli- and microsecond pulsed laser irradiation under certain test conditions leads to single-point ignition of rapid, self-propagating, formation reactions. Multilayers having bilayer thicknesses of 328 nm, 164 nm, and 65 nm are characterized by their ignition onset times and temperatures. Smaller bilayer thickness multilayers require less laser intensity for ignition compared with larger bilayer designs (when utilizing a particular pulse duration). The relationship between laser intensity and ignition onset time is used to calibrate an activation energy for ignition within a finite element reactive heat transport model. The local heating rate is varied from 104 K/s to 106 K/s by selecting a laser intensity. Kissinger analysis was performed on the heating rate-dependent ignition temperatures measured with high speed pyrometry to experimentally determine an activation energy in the foils of (6.2 ± 1.6 × 104 J/mole atoms). This value is then compared to an activation energy produced from model fits to an ignition onset time of 7.2 × 104 J/mole atoms.
Spectra and Mach number scaling in compressible homogeneous shear turbulence
Authors: Chen Song , Wang Jianchun , Li Hui , Wan Minping , Chen Shiyi
Published: June 2018

The effects of Mach number on the spectra and statistics of stationary compressible homogeneous shear turbulence (HST) are studied using numerical simulations in a rectangular domain (Lx = 4π, Ly = Lz = 2π) at turbulent Mach numbers from 0.05 to 0.66 and Taylor Reynolds numbers from 40 to 100. Long-term simulation results show that a statistically stationary state is obtained and the flow meets the strong acoustic equilibrium assumption at Mt ≈ 0.4. The analysis of spectral properties indicates that velocity and pressure tend toward a Mach number scaling of Mt2 suggested by acoustic dynamics at Mt ≳ 0.3. As for one-point statistics, it is found that a Mt4 scaling predicted by pseudo-sound theory holds for normalized compressible kinetic energy, Kc/Ks, at the small turbulent Mach number Mt ≲ 0.1. Kc/Ks approaches a Mt2 scaling at relatively higher turbulent Mach numbers, which is consistent with the spectral results. The normalized compressible dissipation rate, ϵc/ϵs, is nearly independent of Taylor Reynolds number and exhibits the same Mt4 scaling at small turbulent Mach numbers. The root mean square values of pressure, density, and temperature of compressible HST show good agreement with the Mt2 scaling, with the coefficient approximately doubled as compared with the compressible isotropic turbulence.
Quantum kinetic expansion in the spin-boson model: Implemented by the quantum-classical Liouville equation in an anharmonic bath
Authors: Gong Zhihao , Wu Jianlan
Published: June 2018

In the framework of the quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE), the quantum kinetic expansion (QKE) of the spin-boson model is extended to an arbitrary combination of the bath potential and the system-bath interaction. The mixed quantum-classical estimation of the QKE rate kernels and modification functions are transformed into averages of deterministic classical trajectories over the Wigner initial distribution. For the standard spin-boson model, the QCLE-QKE method produces exactly the same result as that from full quantum dynamics and the numerical applicability of the approximate action-angle initial distribution is verified. For an anharmonic bath with the quartic potential, the QCLE-QKE calculation under the action-angle initial distribution illustrates the influence of this specific anharmonicity. With the increase of the quartic parameter, the fourth order QKE corrections are suppressed and the short-time population transfer is accelerated together with an enhanced quantum oscillation.
Recent advances and current challenges in magnetophoresis based micro magnetofluidics
Authors: Munaz Ahmed , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: June 2018

The combination of magnetism and microscale fluid flow has opened up a new era for handling and manipulation of samples in microfluidics. In particular, magnetophoresis, the migration of particles in a magnetic field, is extremely attractive for microfluidic handling due to its contactless nature, independence of ionic concentration, and lack of induced heating. The present paper focuses on recent advances and current challenges of magnetophoresis and highlights the key parameters affecting the manipulation of particles by magnetophoresis. The magnetic field is discussed according to their relative motion to the sample as stationary and dynamic fields. The migration of particles is categorized as positive and negative magnetophoresis. The applications of magnetophoresis are discussed according to the basic manipulation tasks such as mixing, separation, and trapping of particles or cells. Finally, the paper highlights the limitations of current approaches and provides the future perspective for this research area.
Programmable localized wrinkling of thin films on shape memory polymers with application in nonuniform optical gratings
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhai Yao , Villada Andres , David Sabrina N. , Yin Xiaobo , Xiao Jianliang
Published: June 2018

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can remember different shapes and can be recovered to their permanent shapes from temporary shapes with appropriate stimuli, such as heat, humidity, and electrical field. Using programmed thermal responsive SMPs as substrates, we demonstrate a self-assembly fabrication method for programmable surface wrinkling within a highly confined area that is accurately controllable. Different from global wrinkling reported in most of the literature, Joule heating through a heating wire embedded in the SMP substrate leads to temperature increase and thus recovery in a highly confined area of the SMP substrate, inducing localized wrinkling of the stiff thin film on SMPs. The patterns show good sinusoidal profiles, with the wrinkling wavelength and amplitude decreasing gradually with the distance from the heat source. The surface wrinkling area can be accurately tuned by controlling the heat input, such as power and duration. Based on this unique surface wrinkling phenomenon, we demonstrate a nonuniform reflective optical grating device, whose peak wrinkling wavelength and amplitude decrease gradually away from the heat source. This study offers a simple method to fabricate programmable localized wrinkling patterns, with potential applications in surface engineering, advanced manufacturing, optical gratings, and other demanding areas.
Merging absorption bands of plasmonic structures via dispersion engineering
Authors: Shen Yang , Zhang Jieqiu , Meng Yueyu , Wang Zhuoluo , Pang Yongqiang , Wang Jiafu , Ma Hua , Qu Shaobo
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a comprehensive scheme based on the dispersion engineering of spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) is proposed which attempts to merge absorption bands of plasmonic structure into a continuous one. Theoretical investigation shows that multi-resonance can be tailored in a meandered wire structure, and thus, the closed interval of adjacent absorption is achieved. Then, the plasmonic absorbing structure (PAS) consisting of a meandered wire array with the gradient length are employed here to achieve spatial k-dispersion engineering of SSPP, and the original isolated absorption bands are demonstrated to be merged into a continuous one. On such a basis, a hybrid PAS consisting of a meandered wire array and a straight wire array is proposed. Simulation and experimental measurements show that the proposed hybrid PAS can achieve ultra-wideband absorption with an efficiency of more than 90% in the frequency range of 5.0–31.6 GHz, which is 107.7% broader with respect to the original PAS of the straight wire array at the same thickness. Our strategy overcomes the contradiction between broadening absorption bandwidth and keeping high absorption efficiency in PAS, enabling a wide range of applications, such as radar stealth technology, electromagnetic compatibility, and so on.
Multisample microfluidic technology characterizes cancer cell deformability
Authors: Cockbill Louisa
Published: June 2018

Early results from a new multisample device with high-speed readout of cancer cell deformability indicate a cancer type-specific relationship between metastatic potential and deformability.
Diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attacks in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Bose Priyanka , Wilson Andrew , Mistri Amit
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Many patients who suffer a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) present to their general practitioner (GP). Early identification and treatment reduces the risk of subsequent stroke, disability and mortality. AIM To review the accuracy of TIA diagnosis in primary care, immediate management and interventions to assist GPs with the condition. METHODS This study included the search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases (1995–2015). Relevant titles and abstracts were obtained using structured criteria (diagnosis, immediate management or intervention of TIAs in primary care), with full review and data extraction for eligible publications. Two reviewers independently assessed quality and extracted information from the 24 eligible studies. The studies had heterogeneous methodology rendering meta-analysis inappropriate, so a narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS Most studies found limitations in GPs’ knowledge and ability to diagnose TIAs to varying extent over time and between countries. GPs tended to over-interpret non-specific symptoms (e.g. isolated vertigo) when considering a TIA diagnosis. Reported referral behaviour varied between countries, with some favouring admission and others preferring outpatient management. Consistent under-referral and under-use of effective medication was reported. However, GPs may refer some patients to exclude rather than confirm a final diagnosis. This, alongside evidence of under-referral, suggests the need for education and decision support tools to enhance referral patterns. Intervention studies suggested that electronic decision support may increase referrals and timely management. CONCLUSION This review revealed deficiencies in knowledge and clinical practice, and identified potential avenues to addressing these. Issues for future research were also identified.
Pegasus Health Pastoral Care Programme
Authors: Christie Caroline , Wynn-Thomas Simon , McKinnon Bianca
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION In New Zealand, 41% of general practitioners (GPs) intend to retire by 2025. Increasing workforce shortages and other stressors are putting doctors at risk of burnout, which in turn can put patients at risk of harm. Offering a range of resources can signal an organisation’s commitment to physician wellness while improving patient safety and organisational stability. AIM To replace the current reactive approach to impaired doctors with a proactive system of monitoring performance with the goal of identifying problems early. METHODS This paper reports on an initiative of Pegasus Health Charitable to provide pastoral care to GPs in Canterbury experiencing increased stress, burnout or problems leading to impaired performance. RESULTS The pastoral care programme has been running successfully for 9 years and has helped 32 GPs. Because of the low numbers, the programme needs to be individualised and confidential. CONCLUSION Recent developments have seen Pegasus Health adopt a systematic approach to monitoring and supporting health practitioners. This includes the monitoring of available data on GPs at risk. Data collection is being used to manage the “psychological health” of doctors, including complaints, prescribing, referral data and attendance at education sessions.
Influences on health-care practitioners’ promotion of physical activity to their patients with prostate cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Patel Asmita , Schofield Grant , Keogh Justin
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
Physical activity is beneficial for the physical and psychological health of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Health-care practitioners are ideally positioned to promote physical activity to their patients.

AIM
To identify factors that influenced health care practitioners to either promote or not promote physical activity to their patients with PCa.

METHODS
Individual interviews were conducted with 16 Auckland-based health-care practitioners, including specialists (oncologists and urologists), physiotherapists and complementary and alternative (acupuncturists) health-care practitioners. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

RESULTS
Treatment-related factors (ie counteracting side-effects of hormone suppression treatment), longer life expectancy and risk factors for other conditions appeared to influence the promotion of physical activity to patients. Time constraints of consultations and complex medical issues were barriers to the promotion of physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS
This study found that a variety of health-care practitioners are providing some degree of physical activity advice to their patients with PCa. Collaborative practice among health-care practitioners to verbally reinforce the benefits of physical activity, coupled with referral to experts in physical activity promotion/rehabilitation (such as physiotherapists), should be encouraged for best practice care.
Patient portals and young people: addressing the privacy dilemma of providing access to health information
Authors: Wong Deanne , Morgan-Lynch Sebastian
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Patient portals enable people to access their health information electronically, but concerns about confidentiality and privacy breaches, particularly for young people, may be impeding portal adoption in New Zealand. This paper considers the legal and ethical framework relating to health information privacy and informed consent in New Zealand, and proposes an approach to implementing patient portals for young people. Shared portal access (where both a young person and their parent or guardian have access to the young person’s portal) may be appropriate for young children whose parents or guardians are responsible for their health care. However, as children mature and their capacity to make health care decisions increases, general practitioners will need to consider shifting to independent portal access by competent young people. The circumstances of each young person, including their best interests and rights, cultural needs and their views on information disclosure should be taken into account.
A repeat audit of primary care management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in Northland, New Zealand 2016
Authors: Shetty Anil , Mills Clair , Eggleton Kyle
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION One of the New Zealand Government’s Better Public Services targets was to reduce the rate of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) nationally by two-thirds by 2017. Māori children and young people are disproportionately affected by ARF in the Northland District Health Board region. General practice contributes to ARF prevention in detecting and appropriately treating group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. An audit in 2012 suggested improvements in adherence to national guidelines were needed. AIM The aim was to reassess general practice adherence to national guidelines for the management of GAS pharyngitis in Northland, New Zealand, following implementation of the national Rheumatic Fever Prevention Programme. METHODS Throat swab and dispensing data were obtained and analysed for children and young people aged 3–20 years who attended general practice in Northland between 1 April and 31 July 2016 and had laboratory-proven GAS pharyngitis. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2016, the number of throat swabs carried out in general practice more than doubled, and amoxicillin was more commonly prescribed. The proportion of GAS pharyngitis patients in general practice not receiving recommended antibiotics, or receiving an inadequate length of treatment or no prescription, has not reduced. There are significant differences in the management of care for Māori and non-Māori patients, with much higher risk of ARF for Māori. Discussion The management of GAS pharyngitis by general practice in Northland remains substandard. Implicit bias may contribute to inequity. Focused engagement with identified subgroups of general practices and practitioners who disproportionately contribute to non-guideline prescribing should be further investigated.