bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Structures at the Boundary of the Closed Corona: Interpretation of S-Web Arcs
Authors: Scott Roger B. , Pontin David I. , Yeates Anthony R. , Wyper Peter F. , Higginson Aleida K.
Published: December 2018

The topology of coronal magnetic fields near the open-closed magnetic flux boundary is important to the the process of interchange reconnection, whereby plasma is exchanged between open and closed flux domains. Maps of the magnetic squashing factor in coronal field models reveal the presence of the Separatrix-Web (S-Web), a network of separatrix surfaces and quasi-separatrix layers, along which interchange reconnection is highly likely. Under certain configurations, interchange reconnection within the S-Web could potentially release coronal material from the closed magnetic field regions to high-latitude regions far from the heliospheric current sheet, where it is observed as slow solar wind. It has also been suggested that transport along the S-Web may be a possible cause for the observed large longitudinal spreads of some impulsive, 3He-rich solar energetic particle events. Here, we demonstrate that certain features of the S-Web reveal structural aspects of the underlying magnetic field, specifically regarding the arcing bands of highly squashed magnetic flux observed at the outer boundary of global magnetic field models. In order for these S-Web arcs to terminate or intersect away from the helmet streamer apex, there must be a null spine line that maps a finite segment of the photospheric open-closed boundary up to a singular point in the open flux domain. We propose that this association between null spine lines and arc termination points may be used to identify locations in the heliosphere that are preferential for the appearance of solar energetic particles and plasma from the closed corona, with characteristics that may inform our understanding of interchange reconnection and the acceleration of the slow solar wind.
Physical and Chemical Conditions of the Protostellar Envelope and the Protoplanetary Disk in HL Tau
Authors: Wu Chun-Ju , Hirano Naomi , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Yen Hsi-Wei , Aso Yusuke
Published: December 2018

We report our Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the Class I–II protostar HL Tau in 13CO (2–1), C18O (2–1), SO(56–45), and 1.3 mm dust-continuum emission and our analyses of the ALMA long baseline data of HCO+ (1–0) emission. The 1.3 mm continuum emission observed with the SMA shows compact (∼0.″8 × 0.″5) and extended (∼6.″5 × 4.″3) components, tracing the protoplanetary disk and the protostellar envelope, respectively. The 13CO, C18O, and HCO+ show a compact (∼200 au) component at velocities higher than 3 km s−1 from the systemic velocity and an extended (∼1000 au) component at lower velocities. The high-velocity component traces the Keplerian rotating disk, and the low-velocity component traces the infalling envelope. The HCO+ high-velocity component is fitted with a Keplerian disk model with a central stellar mass of 1.4 M
⊙. The radial intensity profiles of 13CO and C18O along the disk major axis are fitted with a disk+envelope model, and the gas masses of the disk and envelope are estimated to be (2–40) × 10–4
M
⊙ and

M
⊙, respectively. The disk dust mass has been estimated to be (1–3) × 10−3
M
⊙ in the literature. Thus, our estimated disk gas mass suggests that the gas-to-dust mass ratio in the disk is <10, a factor of 10 lower than the estimated ratio in the envelope. We discuss possible gas depletion or CO depletion in the planet-forming candidate HL Tau in the context of disk and envelope evolution.
The Bending Feature of the Fermi Bubbles: A Presumed Horizontal Galactic Wind and Its Implication on the Bubbles’ Age
Authors: Mou Guobin , Sun Dongze , Xie Fuguo
Published: December 2018

There are two spectacular structures in our Milky Way: the Fermi bubbles in gamma-ray observations and the North Polar Spur (NPS) structure in X-ray observations. Because of their morphological similarities, they may share the same origin, i.e., related to the past activity of Galactic center. These structures demonstrate a significant bending feature toward the west in Galactic coordinates. This inspires us to consider the possibility that the bending may be caused by a presumed global horizontal galactic wind (HGW) blowing from the east to the west. Under this assumption, we adopt a toy shock-expansion model to understand two observational features: (1) the relative thickness of the NPS; (2) the bending of the Fermi bubbles and the NPS. In this model, the contact discontinuity marks the boundary of the Fermi bubbles, and the shocked interstellar medium (ISM) marks the NPS X-ray structure. We find that the Mach number of the forward shock in the east is ∼1.9–2.3, and the velocity of the HGW is ∼0.7–0.9c
s. Depending on the temperature of the pre-shock ISM, the velocity of the expanding NPS in Galactic coordinates is around 180–290 

, and the HGW is ∼110–190 

. We argue that the age of the NPS and the Fermi bubbles is about 18–34 Myr. This is a novel method, independent of injection theories and radiative mechanisms, for the estimation on the age of the Fermi bubble/NPS.
134Cs, 137Cs, 40K, 232Th, 226Ra in bottom sediments of the Dvina Bay on the White Sea (the Suhoe Sea Gulf)
Authors: Kriauciunas Vidas , Iglovsky Stanislav , Bazhenov Alexander , Kuznetsova Irina , Shakhova Evgenya , Druzhinin Sergey
Published: December 2018

The Suhoe Sea Gulf is a unique White Sea water body. Taking into account the risk of contamination of the White Sea with radionuclides as a result of the activities of the domestic and foreign nuclear industry and considering the plans to construct a deep-water part of the Arkhangelsk port on the Kuya River, the content and distribution patterns of natural and man-made radionuclides in the bottom sediments of the Suhoe Sea Gulf need to be studied. The specific activity of radionuclides was measured using a PROGRESS-2000 gamma spectrometer. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 10 software by StatSoft, Inc. (2011). The average specific activity of226Ra,232Th and40K was 6.5 ± 1.4, 14.2 ± 4.3, 416 ± 89, accordingly.134Cs and137Cs were detected in 4 and 5 samples with a mean specific activity value of 3.3 ± 1.6 and 3.5 ± 1.1, respectively. The highest specific activity values of40K are confined to the pelitic deposits. The main driving force in the processes of accumulation and redistribution of232Th is gravitational water accumulation and mechanical transfer. The measured values of the specific activity of radionuclides do not exceed those previously determined by other authors in the bottom sediments of the White Sea. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between the content of134Cs and137Cs (0.77, p = 0.05),232Th and40K (0.67, p = 0.05) and137Cs and40K (0.84, p = 0.05). Factor analysis allowed two groups of radionuclides to be identified, their content being is determined by different processes:134Cs,137Cs, and40K are jointly controlled by the most powerful factor (50%) and232Th is affected by the weaker factor (29 %). Both factors are based on natural processes of radionuclide receipt and redistribution: the first factor reflects the ability of bottom sediments to adsorb40K and isotopes of cesium, which are similar in chemical properties, and the second one reflects the natural process of removal by rivers of232Th with terrigenous material.
Two new African siblings of Pulveroboletus ravenelii (Boletaceae)
Authors: Badou Sylvestre A. , De Kesel André , Raspé Olivier , Ryberg Martin K. , Guelly Atsu K. , Yorou Nourou S.
Published: December 2018

This paper sorts out the taxonomy of species affiliated withPulveroboletusraveneliiin the Guineo-soudanian and Zambezian woodlands of Africa. Morphological and genetic characters of AfricanPulveroboletuscollections were studied and compared to those of North American and Asian species. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the African specimens form a subclade, sister to the Asian and American taxa. Although clamp connections have previously never been reported fromPulveroboletus, all specimens of the African subclade show very small clamp connections. Two new African species,Pulveroboletusafricanussp. nov.andP.sokponianussp. nov., are described and illustrated. Comments concerning morphology and identification, as well as distribution and ecology, are given for both species.
Du couple à la famille, changement de perspective au cours d’une thérapie
Authors: Collart Valérie
Published: December 2018

Lorsque la demande de thérapie concerne un couple et qu’une grossesse s’annonce, les préoccupations du néogroupe se transforment. Le tissage de la psyché familiale se travaille, au détriment parfois de la demande initiale de réaccordage conjugal. Pour la thérapie présentée ici, le travail thérapeutique est venu éclairer la difficulté antérieure à faire famille. Guidée par son contre-transfert, la thérapeute, par sa fonction tierce, a possiblement contribué à la création d’un berceau psychique favorisant l’arrivée d’un bébé attendu depuis 9 ans.
Une innovation impossible ?
Authors: Philippe Yann
Published: December 2018

La notation des fonctionnaires municipaux devient un enjeu politique et administratif d’importance au tournant du xx e siècle à New York. À travers le cas d’étude de la police de New York (NYPD), l’article vise à étudier l’histoire contrariée de la notation. Source de scandales et symbole d’arbitraire politique au tout début du siècle, celle-ci est érigée quelques années plus tard par les réformateurs « progressistes » en levier de la modernisation administrative avant d’être en grande partie neutralisée à la fin des années 1910, au moment où les policiers professionnels accèdent à la tête du NYPD.
« Faire sciences participatives » dans le domaine de l’eau. Trajectoires croisées au Nord et au Sud
Authors: Mitroi Veronica , Deroubaix José-Frédéric
Published: December 2018

Le présent article dresse un état des lieux des sciences participatives dans le domaine de l’eau en interrogeant la manière dont ces nouvelles pratiques de production de savoirs participent du renouvellement de l’expertise et des savoirs considérés comme légitimes dans le domaine de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques. Les auteurs s’appuient sur différents corpus empiriques : une analyse de la littérature grise française faisant l’état des sciences participatives, une analyse bibliométrique de la littérature scientifique à l’échelle mondiale et enfin, différentes expériences de recherche participative dans des contextes d’expertise sur les milieux aquatiques très contrastés : la France et la Côte d’Ivoire. Cette diversité de matériaux nous permet de discuter plus généralement de la contribution des sciences participatives à la reformulation des fondements épistémologiques de la relation entre science, savoirs experts et acteurs de la société. Nous interrogeons la contribution des différentes formes de sciences participatives que nous avons recensées et analysées à la redéfinition du couple scientifique-citoyen, tant dans le domaine de la production des connaissances et des expertises que dans celui de la gouvernance des milieux aquatiques.
La proximité au prisme du débat entre « conventionnalistes » et « régulationnistes »
Authors: Doré Gwénaël
Published: December 2018

L’« École française de la proximité » (EP) s’est constituée parallèlement à l’affirmation en France de deux courants économiques hétérodoxes un temps confondus : la Théorie de la Régulation et l’Économie des Conventions (respectivement TR et EC). Ainsi certains membres de l'EP ont affirmé leur parenté avec l’un et/ou l’autre de ces courants, et une confrontation a persisté au sein de l'EP au sujet de la proximité non géographique, déclinée en proximité organisée (approche interactionniste), ou selon une double notion de proximité institutionnelle et organisationnelle (approche institutionnaliste). Il se dégage chez certains auteurs proximistes une tendance pour évacuer la notion d’institution tout en se revendiquant institutionnaliste. Après une présentation des différentes approches de la proximité, nous examinons ensuite les relations entre la TR et l’EC. En conclusion, nous considérons que le primat de la proximité institutionnelle devrait conduire l'École de la Proximité à se situer plutôt du côté de l'institutionnalisme, porté notamment par la TR.
Les fondements micro du changement structurel régional
Authors: Vicente Jérôme , Balland Pierre-Alexandre , Crespo Joan
Published: December 2018

L’article étudie les contributions de vingt-cinq années de recherche sur les dynamiques de proximité au regard de leurs apports sur les fondements et l’analyse du changement régional. Il considère que, malgré des avancées importantes, il demeure des zones d’ombre sur l’articulation entre les déterminants microéconomiques de la formation des liens de proximité et les dynamiques macro-régionales. L’article montre que l’analyse des propriétés structurelles des réseaux permet d’éclairer cette articulation et de réduire le gap observé entre les recherches micro et macro-fondées des dynamiques de proximité. En associant les dynamiques de changement structurel des régions à l’évolution de l’architecture de leurs réseaux, il suggère de rechercher les micro-fondements de ces dynamiques dans l’articulation de trois registres distincts de proximité. Les perspectives ouvertes dans cet article sont discutées dans le cadre de trois programmes de recherche et de politiques publiques apparus ces dernières années (résilience régionale, smart specialization, politiques de cluster).
Développement territorial et relations de proximité
Authors: Torre André
Published: December 2018

Cet article a pour objet d’analyser et d’établir le lien entre processus de développement des territoires et relations de proximité, en dépassant l’étude des seules modalités de production et des systèmes localisés par une approche élargie de l’innovation et une prise en compte des processus de gouvernance. Dans un premier temps nous donnons une définition argumentée du développement territorial, ainsi que des relations de proximité. Puis nous analysons et présentons les deux moteurs du développement territorial - relations de production et modes de gouvernance - en explorant leurs postérités théoriques et en les reliant aux travaux en termes de proximité portant sur ces questions. Nous terminons par une analyse détaillée du lien entre relations de proximités et processus de développement territorial, d’abord en statique, avec une extension du tripode hirschmanien aux situations territoriales, qu’elles soient productives ou en termes de gouvernance, puis en dynamique par une étude des chemins de développement des territoires et de leurs liens aux situations de proximité.
Perceptions des lieux et proximités subjectives : une analyse des dynamiques créatives franciliennes
Authors: Cariou Christophe , Ferru Marie , Rallet Alain
Published: December 2018

L’article propose un renouvellement des travaux sur les proximités par la prise en compte de leur dimension subjective. Parmi l’ensemble des démarches possibles pour introduire la perception des proximités, nous avons privilégié une entrée par la représentation des lieux, l’analyse de ces derniers étant assez peu prise en compte dans les travaux sur la proximité. Cette approche est ensuite appliquée aux lieux d’intermédiation culturelle d’une zone géographique (l’Île-de-France avec en son cœur le département 93 et le nord parisien). L’analyse empirique permet, grâce à des cartes mentales, de quantifier des phénomènes subjectifs au travers de différentes mesures des proximités perçues des artistes aux lieux, des artistes entre eux et des lieux entre eux. Le principal résultat est de décaler le regard qu’on peut avoir sur les proximités des artistes et des lieux et des lieux entre eux.
Vers une déconcentration géographique de la production des connaissances ?
Authors: Jacquier-Roux Virginie
Published: December 2018

De nombreux travaux proposent l’idée d’une production de connaissances effectuée dans des réseaux de connaissances. Dans une approche centrée sur les dispositifs de partage des savoirs au sein de ces réseaux, nous examinons les ressorts Ressources Humaines de ces dispositifs. Parmi eux, la mobilité des chercheurs et leurs coopérations externes sont considérées comme devant être articulées, selon des logiques d’acteurs diverses dont la résultante est la production de nouvelles normes sociales. Une tendance se dessine alors, celle de l’affirmation de la mobilité temporaire des chercheurs, associée à des coopérations externes. Cette évolution, qui demande à être mesurée avec des données solides, peut conduire à faire l’hypothèse d’une déconcentration géographique de la production des connaissances, à rebours du consensus sur l’importance de la proximité géographique dans les processus cognitifs collectifs.
Magic Mushroom Clouds: The Atomic Bomb as American Psychotrope
Authors: Michael Banco Lindsey
Published: December 2018

Cet article vise à montrer que la bombe atomique a eu des effets psychotropes sur la conscience américaine. Il propose d’étendre la signification du terme « psychotrope » afin d’englober la tropologie de la bombe atomique et le tournant initié par l’apparition de la bombe au milieu du xx e  siècle. L’analyse porte sur une variété d’exemples de « culture nucléaire » issus de la photographie, du cinéma, de la télévision, du théâtre et des paysages des armes nucléaires, faisant émerger deux catégories d’effets « psychédéliques » de la bombe atomique. Il s’agit d’abord d’identifier brièvement quelques-uns des moyens par lesquels la bombe rend la conscience américaine plus réceptive aux formes de conformité requises pour défendre l’usage des armes atomiques. L’article ensuite repère les moments les plus perturbateurs dans le psychédélisme de la bombe atomique, ces moments où l’apparition de la bombe dans la culture populaire vire à l’absurde.
R. Gordon Wasson and the Publicity Campaign to Introduce Magic Mushrooms to Mid-Century America
Authors: Siff Stephen
Published: December 2018

En mai 1957, une série d’articles parus dans le magazine Life et nombre de grands journaux nationaux annoncent la « découverte » de « champignons magiques » hallucinogènes par un couple d’aventuriers. Robert Gordon Wasson et Valentina Wasson racontent comment ils ont fait usage du champignon dans un village indigène, un récit qui intensifie le tourisme de la drogue au Mexique de même que les ventes par correspondance de peyotl, une substance psychédélique aux effets similaires. Pour le couple, le champignon magique procure une expérience transcendante qui n’est autre que le fondement pré-moderne de la religion globale. Rejetée par les universitaires, cette théorie suscite un très vif intérêt auprès des journalistes et du grand public. Pour faire connaître sa découverte, R. Gordon Wasson mène une campagne comprenant des tournées de conférences, des expositions muséales et de nombreux entretiens avec des journalistes. Cet article s’appuie sur les archives du couple, conservées à la Harvard University Herbaria, pour comprendre comment leur initiative a contribué à la prolifération de théories idiosyncratiques sur l’expérience des drogues psychédéliques.
Comparison of Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet With General Anesthesia With Tourniquet for Volar Plating of Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Huang Ying-Cheng , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Kai-Cheng , Yang Shang-Wei , Tarng Yih-Wen , Chang Wei-Ning
Published: December 2018

Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) is used for various hand surgeries, but there are no reports of its use for distal radius fractures. The authors compared perioperative variables and clinical outcomes for volar plating for distal radius fractures with WALANT vs general anesthesia with tourniquet. This retrospective study included 47 patients who presented with distal radius fractures between January 2015 and February 2017. Twenty-one underwent surgical volar plating with WALANT, and 26 underwent surgical volar plating with general anesthesia with tourniquet. Patients were followed for 12 months. The 2 groups were compared regarding perioperative parameters and clinical outcomes, including perioperative field pain evaluated by visual analog scale score on postoperative day 1, range of motion 12 months postoperatively, and Mayo wrist score. The WALANT group had a lower mean visual analog scale score and a shorter mean hospitalization (both
P
<.001), but greater mean blood loss (
P
<.001). No significant differences were found regarding operative time (
P
=.214) or time to union (
P
=.180). At 12-month follow-up, no significant differences were found regarding wrist extension (
P
=.721), wrist flexion (
P
=.119), or Mayo wrist score (
P
=.223). Although both techniques permitted volar plating for distal radius fractures, WALANT allowed immediate intervention and led to less postoperative pain and shorter hospitalization. Although control of blood loss was worse with WALANT, blood loss was limited to a mean of 22.62 mL and did not interfere with the surgical field. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(1):e93–e98.]
Overview of Metatarsalgia
Authors: Charen Daniel A. , Markowitz Jonathan S. , Cheung Zoe B. , Matijakovich Douglas J. , Chan Jimmy J. , Vulcano Ettore
Published: December 2018

Metatarsalgia can be viewed as more of a symptom rather than a distinct diagnosis. Timing of forefoot pain during the gait cycle and evaluation of whether the pain is from anatomic abnormalities, indirect overloading, or iatrogenic causes can suggest a specific metatarsalgia etiology. A thorough physical examination of the lower extremity, especially evaluation of the plantar foot, and weight-bearing radiographs are critical for diagnosis and treatment. Nonoperative treatment consists of physical therapy, orthotics, shoe wear modification, and injections. If conservative treatment fails, surgical options may be considered. [
Orthopedics.
2019; 42(1):e138–e143.]
Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration and Polychromatic Image Quality Metrics of Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Łabuz Grzegorz , Papadatou Eleni , Khoramnia Ramin , Auffarth Gerd U.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

To measure longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of various intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to assess LCA effects on polychromatic image quality with a focus on multifocal IOL designs.

METHODS:

The LCA values of four multifocal IOL models (three diffractive models: AT LARA 829MP and AT LISA 809M [both from Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany] and Restor SN6AD1 [Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX] and one refractive model [Mini Well Ready; SIFI Medtech, Sant'Antonio, Italy]) were compared with that of their monofocal counterparts. Optical properties were assessed using an optical bench device with spectral filters. LCA was calculated as a difference of a lens power at 480 and 644 nm. The optical quality was evaluated objectively by means of modulation transfer function metrics.

RESULTS:

At far, LCA of an aphakic model eye (1.04 diopters [D]) increased with the AT Lisa, Restor, and Mini Well IOLs to 1.40, 1.91, and 1.27 D, respectively, but decreased to 0.78 D with the AT Lara IOL. The AT Lisa and Restor IOLs showed comparable results with their monofocal platforms. A near-focus LCA decreased only in the diffractive IOLs. At far, the polychromatic modulation transfer function was reduced in all IOLs, but LCA effects were attenuated at near.

CONCLUSIONS:

Multifocal IOLs and their monofocal counterparts show similar material dispersion. Multifocal diffractive IOLs proved effective in reducing LCA, but the efficiency of the LCA correction differed depending on the optical design. LCA adversely affects the polychromatic image quality.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):832–838.]
Health Literacy and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Xibei B. , Ayatollahi Yousef , Yamashita Takashi , Jaradat Mohamed , Shen Jay J. , Kim Sun Jung , Lee Yong-Jae , Hwang Jinwook , Yeom Hyeyoung , Upadhyay Soumya , Liu Caroline , Choi Haneul , Yoo Ji Won
Published: December 2018

Heart failure (HF) remains the most common diagnosis of hospital admission among U.S. adults. Although diagnosis and treatment have improved, mortality rates have not changed, and mortality risk remains high after hospitalization. The current researchers examined how limited health literacy is associated with mortality risk in adults with recent hospitalization due to decompensated HF. Researchers conducted a systematic literature search, selecting three cohort and three intervention studies. The fixed-effect model was used. From the three cohort studies, 2,858 study participants were analyzed. Among participants, limited health literacy was associated with higher all-cause mortality (pooled odds ratio = 2.95; 95% confidence interval [2.34, 3.72];
p
< 0.01;

I
2

= 47.38%). However, none of the intervention studies showed an association between limited health literacy and cardiac (or all-cause) mortality. Future research should focus on the efficiency and safety of telehealth-based medicine in patients with HF, particularly those with limited health literacy.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(2):91–108.]
Plurilinguisme littéraire : de la théorie à la genèse
Authors: Sciarrino Emilio , Anokhina Olga
Published: December 2018

Après avoir rappelé les apports des études fondatrices sur le plurilinguisme littéraire, cet article montre que la critique génétique est un outil fondamental pour comprendre ce phénomène. L’étude des archives des écrivains, en particulier de leurs brouillons, consent en effet de prolonger et de nuancer les interprétations purement théoriques du plurilinguisme. En outre, la critique génétique permet d’identifier concrètement les différentes situations plurilingues des auteurs pour mieux cerner leurs principales stratégies d’écriture. Elle révèle enfin la continuité entre écriture créative et traduction dans leurs œuvres, ce qui se manifeste notamment par des formes particulières comme l’autotraduction et la traduction collaborative.
Les deux langues en clair-obscur dans Mimodrames et Icônes de Juan Mari Lekuona
Authors: Arcocha-Scarcia Aurelia
Published: December 2018

Les brouillons du dernier ouvrage publié en langue basque par le poète Juan Maria Lekuona (1927-2005), Mimodramak eta Ikonoak (Mimodrames et Icônes) révèlent la présence d’une deuxième langue, l’espagnol, qui agit comme un miroir dans le processus créatif. Cette pratique auto-traductive concerne la phase rédactionnelle de la création, après une première maturation en langue basque. Dans les dernières étapes du processus d’écriture, la seule langue utilisée sera le basque, et Mimodrames et Icônes sera édité uniquement en langue basque en 1990. Ni le lecteur ni le critique ne peuvent en soupçonner l’épaisseur bilingue s’ils n’ont pas accès aux brouillons. Pourtant, la pratique auto-traductive permet à Lekuona d’augmenter le champ chromatique de la langue de création destinée à la publication. Pourquoi le poète, lui-même traducteur, n’a-t-il pas publié ses auto-traductions ? Pourquoi n’en a-t-il pas parlé ? Cet article aborde les particularités d’une pratique poétique auto-traductive tenue secrète, chez l’un des plus importants poètes contemporains du Pays basque péninsulaire, en Espagne.
Aperçus d’une genèse bilingue chez Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo
Authors: Riffard Claire
Published: December 2018

Le poète malgache Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (1903-1937) a légué à ses enfants le brouillon entièrement bilingue de son recueil poétique Presque-Songes, dont il n’a publié que la version française. La disposition des poèmes sur la page est toujours identique : version malgache à gauche, version française à droite, séparées par un trait central. Quelle version précède l’autre ? Le brouillon du recueil atteste en réalité d’une écriture conjointe et d’une influence réciproque d’une version sur l’autre. L’article analyse en particulier la genèse du poème liminaire « Asara/Été », et montre un processus complexe où les deux versions du poème ne sont pas simplement successives mais interagissent dès la campagne d’écriture.
Les brouillons « entre les langues » de Raoul Hausmann
Authors: Mareuge Agathe
Published: December 2018

Cette contribution prend appui sur les brouillons plurilingues de l’écrivain et artiste Raoul Hausmann, « dadasophe » autoproclamé, à son « anti-roman » Hylé et son recueil d’essais Courrier Dada. Ces brouillons sont conservés dans les archives du fonds Raoul Hausmann du Musée de Rochechouart, dans le Limousin, où Hausmann vécut en exil à partir de 1939. Ils montrent que l’autotraduction à laquelle il se livre alors est paradigmatique de sa poétique. Premièrement, l’(auto)traduction apparaît comme un nouvel avatar des techniques de montage, de collage et d’assemblage, que Raoul Hausmann pratiqua dès Dada Berlin (1918-1920). Deuxièmement, la traduction fut pour Hausmann l’occasion de mettre en œuvre une écriture « optophonétique », c’est-à-dire qui transforme en sons, en matériau sonore les impressions visuelles et corporelles perçues par le poète. Les brouillons documentent ainsi le processus de création « entre les langues » qui est au cœur de l’œuvre haussmannienne.
The Hybrid Model
Authors: Fell William David , Wright Siobhan
Published: December 2018

This chapter is a case study of Carroll Community College, a small rural community college, and its plan to develop a viable travel program by using a hybrid model. This model includes three distinct cohorts: study abroad students (students who travel and take an associated credit course), lifelong learning students (travelers who take a continuing education course to prepare for the travel experience), and educational tourists (travelers who do not take an associated course). By allowing not only study abroad students but also lifelong learners (often called continuing education students) to participate in an international travel program, Carroll's mission is addressed. This chapter is a case study of how and why Carroll implemented the hybrid model as an example for other small community colleges that might wish to achieve similar results.
Practical Strategies for Rural-Serving Community College Global Programming
Authors: Thomas Marc
Published: December 2018

Nearly two-thirds of all community college districts in the United States are defined as rural serving, as reported by the Rural Community College Alliance (2017), representing 37%—or more than 3 million—of community college students nationally. These rural districts often struggle to fund and develop global education activities. This chapter will identify promising practices employed by three rural-serving colleges to improve student global competence through international-education programming.
Knowledge Visualization for Research Design
Authors: Morais Ricardo , Brailsford Ian
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents a case of information and communication technology use in doctoral research processes. In particular, it presents the use of the Idea Puzzle software as a knowledge visualization tool for research design at the University of Auckland. The chapter begins with a review of previous contributions on knowledge visualization and research design. It then presents the Idea Puzzle software and its application at the University of Auckland. In addition, the chapter discusses the results of a large-scale survey conducted on the Idea Puzzle software in 71 higher education institutions as well as its first usability testing at the University of Auckland. The chapter concludes that the Idea Puzzle software stimulates visual integrative thinking for coherent research design in the light of Philosophy of Science.
Doing More With Less
Authors: Mukwevho Jonathan , Ngoepe Mpho , Ngulube Patrick
Published: December 2018

Providing access and usage are the reason for existence of memory institutions such as archive repositories. Despite the importance of the visibility and accessibility of public archive repositories, various scholars concur that these repositories in eastern and southern Africa are not known and are accessed by few people. This chapter utilises the concept of soft power as a framework to examine the visibility and accessibility of public archives repositories in South Africa. A quantitative research approach utilising questionnaires, interviews, content analysis and the observation of landmarks were employed as data collection tools. The findings revealed that collaboration, especially with civil societies, is a key for successful public programming at the lowest cost. It concludes that the concept of soft power can provide deep insight and better understanding on how to develop inexpensive visibility programme, yet capable of attracting a large number of people in a sustainable manner.
Global Perspectives on the Challenges and Prospects of Accessing and Using Documentary Heritage
Authors: Chaterera Forget , Ngulube Patrick
Published: December 2018

The ability of national archival institutions to make available the documentary heritage in their custody is the sole basis for justification of their existence and relevance in society. As such, archival institutions are faced with a great responsibility to ensure that they are visible and able to attract large visitor-ship. This chapter provides a global perspective on the challenges and prospects surrounding the accessibility and use of documentary heritage. The chapter largely relies on a review of literature to discuss the future of archives' utilisation and to explore the challenges which the global archival community has endured in the provision of access to and use of their archival holdings. The common factor established in extant literature is that access is the most critical archival function, yet it is proving to be the most challenging.
School Libraries Are a Must in Every Learning Environment
Authors: Ngulube Beatrice
Published: December 2018

Despite the fact that South Africa has been a democracy for 23 years and the efforts made to improve the education landscape, there is still a crisis in the high school library system. This affects the school careers of learners and their lifelong-learning opportunities. The lack and loss of school libraries, as resources for education, deprive learners of their right to a school library and a place to grow mentally and academically. This chapter advocates for libraries in high schools. The study adopted a qualitative approach where primary data was collected through a multiple case study, using in-depth interviews at three schools in the Gauteng Province. School A was a rural high school; school B was a former model-C high school; and school C a township high school. The key findings underscore the importance of libraries in the academic success of learners. Recommendations are made on how advocacy for libraries in high schools could be re-directed.
African Heritage Isn't ‘Dead'
Authors: Saidi Umali
Published: December 2018

Memory institutions collect, arrange, describe and preserve collections for the benefit of the community. While the drive is hinged on the desire to promote accessibility and use of heritage assets, memory institutions' approach to heritage management may condition institutions to be responsible for the erasure of some aspects of the heritage. Studies have demonstrated that memory institutions, preserve as well as give access and usage of the collected heritage to the world. It is argued that without strategies of having the heritage consumed, memory institutions risk being redundant. Using some lessons from the BaTonga of Zimbabwe, this chapter outlines the lived and performed heritage in the context of discourses of advocacy, outreach and public programming strategies. It is argued that promotion and funding of memory institutions should be very conscious of the lived heritage which plays a very significant role in defining and promoting the heritage as well as institutions themselves.
White-Box Testing Automation With SonarQube
Authors: Andrade Miguel Jorge
Published: December 2018

Modern work patterns like continuous integration (CI) have an implicit need for testing automation. In current CI solutions, white-box testing is left to the work methodology, typically addressed after code reviews. Code security inspection is often done in specific code reviews focusing on security. SonarQube is a tool that, to a certain extent, can automate white-box design and testing and serve as a guide for formal code reviews. Moreover, this tool can help audit the code for potential security issues. Most web programming today uses components readily available and transparently managed by package managers, like npm for Node.js or Composer for PHP. This use must also be audited at least for potential security problems; yet traditional white-box test design would require a good understanding of the vendor code, which can be difficult/impractical to achieve. This chapter will address SonarQube as a valuable tool to automate white-box and security testing and also provide suggestions on how to manage your vendor branches when there is a need to audit/change the vendor source code.
A Survey on Computer Programming Learning Environments
Authors: Queirós Ricardo Alexandre Peixoto de
Published: December 2018

We are assisting the rise of online coding environments as a strategy to promote youth tech employment. With the growing importance of the technology sector, these type of technical training programs give learners emergent tech skills with a big impact and relevance to the current professional market needs. In this realm, MOOCs (massive open online courses) and online coding bootcamps are two increasingly popular options for learners to improve their code development skills and find work within a relatively short amount of time. Among all the features available on these environments, one stands out, which is the code generation. This chapter aims to detail and compare the most popular solutions for both learning contexts based on several criteria such as impact and maturity, user groups, and tools and features. In the features field, the authors highlight the code generation feature as an efficient way to enhance exercise resolution.
Operator Overloading as a DSL Parsing Mechanism
Authors: Simões Alberto , Meira Rui Miguel da Costa
Published: December 2018

This chapter describes an approach for the implementation of embedded domain-specific languages by using operator overloads and the creation of abstract syntax trees in run-time. Using the host language parser, an AST is created stating the structure of the DSL expression that is later analyzed, simplified, and optimized before the evaluation step. For the illustration of this process, the chapter proposes a domain-specific language for a basic linear algebra system dealing with matrices algebra and its optimization.
Inequalities
Authors: Tomos Florica , Clifton Nick , Ssekasi Denis Hyams , Balan Oana Cristina
Published: December 2018

This chapter explores the concern of inequalities in human history and throughout the globe. It aims to be a holistic perspective upon the inequality phenomenon with its multi-faceted aspects. The authors analyze capitalism and its main inequalities and question the origin of inequalities, their determinants, and their evolution across the history and nations. Within this context, the authors raise awareness of gender inequality as a component of the inequality concept. The authors undertook a systematic and unsystematic literature review to investigate the concept of inequality with its aspects and the role of capitalism in creating and supporting inequalities. An in-depth analysis was conducted by authors on both inequality and strategy in order to highlight gaps in the knowledge and to indicate trends for further research. Across the centuries there was a range of inequalities within the countries and between different countries, as well as between social categories, between men and women, between rich and poor.
Women's Entrepreneurship in Patriarchal Societies
Authors: Cinar Kursat
Published: December 2018

This chapter explores the limits of and prospects for women's entrepreneurship in patriarchal communities. The chapter investigates the patriarchal institutions and societal norms which work against women's entrepreneurial activities and women's presence in socioeconomic life in general. It also delves into women's strategies to bargain, deal, and cope with patriarchal norms and institutions. The research is based on an extensive fieldwork on the case of Turkey, a country replete with patriarchal norms and institutions. The author conducts in-depth semi-structured interviews with members of women's cooperatives throughout Turkey to better understand and explain the obstacles against women's entrepreneurship in patriarchal societies and how women deal with these obstacles in their daily, entrepreneurial practices. In light of the fieldwork findings, the chapter concludes with policy implications and recommendations for more egalitarian and prosperous societies.
New Emerging Technologies and ICT and Their Impact on Women Entrepreneurs' Success
Authors: Tomos Florica , Thurairaj Saraswathy
Published: December 2018

Women entrepreneurs have an essential role for the economic growth of a country. Furthermore, ICTs and new emerging technologies facilitate the increase in number of women entrepreneurs who access education, training, and start their businesses from home. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the impact of new emerging technologies and ICTs on women entrepreneurs' success through an empirical study conducted in SE Wales and by means of the literature review in Malaysia. Furthermore, the chapter attempts to find out women entrepreneurs' styles and methods of learning with new emerging technologies and ICTs in the SE Wales and Malaysia. The research methodology used in this study is mixed methodology.
Biometric Technologies in Healthcare Biometrics
Authors: Rakshit Rinku Datta , Kisku Dakshina Ranjan
Published: December 2018

The aim of this chapter is to introduce biometrics systems and discuss the essential components of biometrics technologies in the healthcare system. The discussion also includes the state-of-the-art biometrics technologies, selection criteria of a suitable biometrics system, biometrics identity management, and multi-biometrics fusion for healthcare biometrics system.
The Rise of mHealth Research in Europe
Authors: Koumpouros Yiannis , Georgoulas Aggelos
Published: December 2018

The proliferation of mhealth holds great promise for improving human health. The mhealth industry has developed into a vivid ecosystem, growing steadily over the last years with the adoption of new technologies and business models that are transforming healthcare. To this end, the European Commission launched several initiatives offering great funding opportunities for researchers and organizations. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the readers with a macroscopic analysis of the European mhealth-related funded activities of the last decade. The study examines the current situation and future trends in three main axes (innovation, area of application, and adoption) to assess whether the provided mhealth solutions are positioned to have a fundamental impact on healthcare domain. The mhealth research is accelerating fast and holds great promise, improving both patient outcomes while lowering the healthcare costs.
The Science of Individuality and Tailored M-Health Communication
Authors: Moumtzoglou Anastasius S.
Published: December 2018

The era of the science of individuality promises to fully recognize the uniqueness of the individual who needs to be seen and treated with utter respect for his or her individuality. It will not be long until digitizing a person unlocks the cause for what is wrong, creating valuable knowledge that can save a life or markedly improve the quality of life. On the other hand, emerging m-health technologies provide fundamentally different ways of looking at tailored communication technology. As a result, tailored communications research is poised at a crossroads. It needs to both build on and break away from existing frameworks into new territory, realizing the necessary commitment to theory-driven research at basic, methodological, clinical, and applied levels. The chapter envisions tailored m-health communication in the context of the science of individuality, emphasizing the variability, stability, and centrality of the individual.
Sustainability Analysis of Tourism in India
Authors: Kumar Surender
Published: December 2018

In the recent past, understanding and practice of sustainability in tourism are becoming increasingly important to both academicians and tourism planners. In the last two decades, the attainment of sustainable development and the protection of touristic assets have been at the forefront of central policy issues in global tourism development. In addition to social and economic impact of tourism, overuse of natural resources and climate change are leading to the importance of drive for sustainable tourism development. Consequently, there is a growing research interest in investigating the performance of countries, especially in terms of environmental efficiency. In this article, the authors have empirically explored socio-economic efficiency of the top ten performing countries and India. Their basic content is summarised, along with the major findings. In this way, both measurement of countries' performance and the nonparametric approach of DEA have been given deserved attention. Tourism benchmarking and the assessment of tourism management performances are a crucial and challenging task in the direction of evaluating tourism sustainability and reshaping tourism activities. The proposed efficiency assessment procedure is based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a methodology for evaluating the relative efficiency when facing multiple input and output. Although the methodology is extremely versatile, for the sake of exemplification, in this article it is applied to the evaluation and comparison of sustainable tourism management of India.
A Study of Digital Payments
Authors: Bhasin Narinder Kumar , Rajesh Anupama
Published: December 2018

The challenges and emergence of a global economy and a Digital First World has created financial disruptions in e-commerce and e-business around the globe. The collaborations of banks with Fintech companies have led to digitalization being an important component of their business and marketing strategy. The application of e-banking has been demonstrated as an effective cost reduction, risk management and provides quick services to the customers. Nowadays, e-banking services have already ensured opportunities to reduce expenditures on physical structures. However, in some previous studies it has been showed that e-banking has helped banks and financial institutions to reduce costs, increase revenue, and increase customer experience. With the growth of digital banking in India, it is significant to analyze the actual situation of customer satisfaction in the banking sector. This article evaluates the various new digital banking technologies in the banking sector of India which have gained momentum after various banking reforms like the digital financial inclusion, demonetization and GST implementation. It also identifies the relationship between the increasing trends in the usage of electronic banking and a customer paradigm shift from traditional cash and paper-based cheque payment systems and evaluates various challenges and opportunities in the implementation of digitalization. This research was carried out using multiple methodologies.