bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN APPROACH FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS BASED ON THE HAMMING DISTANCES
Authors: Park Sung Hee , Ahn Jeong Yong
Published: August 2014

In medical diagnosis based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS), it is a general method to use max–min composition based on relations between the symptoms and diseases. The method, however, has been known to lead to quite conservative results and to a loss of information because the composition neglects most values except for extreme ones. To complement the shortcomings of the max–min composition, other measurements such as similarity and distance between IFS have gained attention as an important content in fuzzy mathematics from researchers. However, the methods based on the similarity and distance also have some drawbacks in that they provide an unclear diagnosis. For example, the distances for each disease do not have generally the same distribution. Therefore, there is a difference between the distance 0.25 for disease A and that for disease B. In addition, the difference in the distances for each disease would be very small. It can therefore be inferred that there would be no definite diagnostic criteria. To solve the problems, we propose a new approach for medical diagnosis based on Hamming distances in this study. In the approach, we do not use directly the Hamming distances but the distributional characteristics of the distances such as quantiles and p-values as a measure for diagnosis. To explore the potential for utilization of the approach, we present the simulation results. The simulation was applied to differentiate patients according to the three main types of primary headaches: migraine, tension and cluster headache. The result of the simulation indicates that it is possible to classify headache using the proposed method.
Leadership in the Digital Age
Authors: Smith Peter A. C. , Cockburn Tom
Published: August 2014

This chapter introduces the scope and focus of the new book. The reader is briefly introduced to the definitions and debates about leadership and management boundaries, differences, and overlapping responsibilities in the digital age. Drawing on both theory and practice, current issues and topics are covered in-depth, providing an introduction and overview of perceptible trends and scenarios relevant to the current post-Global Financial Crisis (GFC) leadership outlook for global business. The editors then provide an outline and overview of the chapters, topics, and themes of each chapter and a coherent rationale for this new book as developing discussions and research from their first book, Dynamic Models of Leadership for Global Business: Enhancing Digitally Connected Environments.
Leadership in the Age of Social Media
Authors: Smith Janel
Published: August 2014

This chapter enquires into the “tricky,” and at present somewhat ambiguous, nexus between social media technologies and business leadership by analyzing the roles and influence of social media in shaping leadership processes within the recent “social media uprisings” using the case study of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. It is argued that “social media mobilizations” have inherently taken up the emergent potentialities of social media technologies in redefining the scope of leadership along increasingly constructionist, relational, and solidarity network leadership dimensions, centring on leadership as processes of influence and interaction generation. This represents a decentring of formal leadership structures as informal communication networks are favoured that rely on emergent and organic groupings of actors adept at coming together and dismantling rapidly as required by the movement in autonomous, targeted, and sometimes “one-off,” actions and partnerships. However, rather than relational and solidarity leadership processes becoming “leaderless,” this chapter finds that leaders still matter, albeit in relation to one another and other elements in networks, as multiple actors are capable and able to take on different roles as “leader” at different moments that are less “predictable” and “controllable” from traditional leadership and managerial points of view.
The Analytics Asset
Authors: Saxena Rahul
Published: August 2014

Analytics is currently treated as an emerging profession that comes from a convergence of techniques rooted in the fields of statistics, operations research, industrial engineering, computer science, as well as the fields of psychology and decision analysis. A leading professional body, INFORMS, defines analytics as: “The scientific process of transforming data into insight for making better decisions” (Robinson, 2012). We can treat analytics as an emerging profession because the body of knowledge required for analytics has become extensive, and business people have started to designate teams and departments as being specialists in analytics. An ecosystem of service providers has evolved for this profession, including conferences, degrees, professional consulting services, certifications, etc. Analytics technologies support algorithms for forecasting, optimization, visualization, etc. using techniques such as linear regression, machine learning, design of experiments, simplex, queuing, simulation, etc. We should also include Business Intelligence (BI) and Data Warehousing (DW) under the umbrella of analytics technologies. Analytics is best understood as a business asset that is used to improve decision-making and execution. This chapter outlines the analytics landscape and aims to help organizations gain a shared understanding of issues that must be addressed to plan, build and use the analytics asset.
Incorporating Usability Testing into the Development of Healthcare Technologies
Authors: Anders Shilo H. , Dexheimer Judith W.
Published: August 2014

The use of mobile devices in healthcare is increasing in prevalence and poses different constraints for use than traditional desktop computing. This chapter introduces several usability testing methods that are appropriate for use when designing and developing mobile technologies. Approaching the development of mobile technologies through a user-centered approach is critical to improve the interaction and use of the hardware and software that is implemented on a mobile platform in healthcare. User-centered design adds value by getting feedback about functionality, design, and constraints that need to be built into the system prior to its completion. Future work in this domain will require further tailoring and use of novel usability methods to evaluate and improve the design of mobile healthcare technologies.
Creating a Supportive Environment for Self-Management in Healthcare via Patient Electronic Tools
Authors: Balouchi Sharazade , Keshavjee Karim , Zbib Ahmad , Vassanji Karim , Toor Jastinder
Published: August 2014

Consumer electronic healthcare applications and tools, both Web-based and mobile apps, are increasingly available and used by citizens around the world. “eTools” denote the full range of electronic applications that consumers may use to assess, track, or treat their disease(s), including communicating with their healthcare provider. Consumer eTool use is prone to plateauing of use because it is one-sided (i.e., consumers use them without the assistance or advice of a healthcare provider). Patient eTools that allow patients to communicate with their healthcare providers, exchange data, and receive support and guidance between visits is a promising approach that could lead to more effective, sustained, and sustainable use of eTools. The key elements of a supportive environment for eTool use include 2-way data integration from patient home monitoring equipment to providers and from provider electronic medical records systems to patient eTools, mechanisms to support provider-patient communication between visits, the ability for providers to easily monitor incoming data from multiple patients, and for provider systems to leverage the team environment and delegate tasks to appropriate providers for education and follow-up. This is explored in this chapter.
Online Health Information
Authors: Schmeida Mary , McNeal Ramona
Published: August 2014

Increasingly, the healthcare burden of an aging population in the United States is being “relieved” through family members caring for aging and ill loved ones at home. Today, families are turning to mobile technology to lessen their burden and to cope with the stress of caring for loved ones through activities ranging from healthcare information searches to social interactions with online health communities. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze factors predicting the characteristics and context of the U.S. home caregiver population. In addition, this chapter explores how mobile technologies are helping to mitigate some of the weight placed on the family caregiver. The authors explore these questions using multivariate regression analysis and individual level data from the Internet and American Life Project. The findings suggest that interaction with others in online support groups may be more important for the e-caregiver than other online activities.
Personal Health in My Pocket
Authors: Monkman Helen , Kushniruk Andre , Borycki Elizabeth
Published: August 2014

Consumers' access to their health records is increasing, and one of the ways they can gain access and potentially contribute to their records is by using a mobile Personal Health Record (mPHR). mPHRs emerged as a combination of mHealth and Personal Health Records (PHRs). Despite the current shortage of evidence supporting mPHR use, these systems are already being deployed, and examples of currently available mPHRs are provided. mPHRs have an array of potential uses and different target user groups, but there are also several challenges impeding their success. The physical constraints of mobile devices, health literacy, and usability all create obstacles for mPHRs. However, mPHRs create opportunities due to the affordances of mobile devices and the potential to integrate consumer mHealth applications. The challenges and opportunities of these nascent systems are outlined in this chapter, as they inform research topics with respect to mPHRs.
Knowledge-Based E-Government Solutions in Dynamic Environment
Authors: Kő Andrea , Kovács Barna , Gábor András
Published: August 2014

e-Government services have to operate in dynamic environments, and there is a limited time for adaptation in terms of legislation, society, and economy. Maintaining reliable services is even more difficult with continuous changes, like mergers and acquisitions, supply chain activity, staff turnover, and regulatory variation. The nature of the changes has become discontinuous; however, the existing approaches and IT solutions are inadequate for highly dynamic and volatile processes. The management of these challenges requires harmonized change management and knowledge management strategy. In this chapter, the selected change management strategy and the corresponding knowledge management strategy and their IT support are analyzed from the public administration point of view. SAKE (FP6 IST-2005-027128) and SMART projects (LLP 201-1-ES1-LEO05-49395) approaches and IT solutions are discussed to demonstrate the strategic view and to solve the knowledge management and change management related problems and challenges in public administration. Pilots of the projects are focusing on the challenge of dynamically matching educational system offer and job market demand. SAKE provides holistic framework and tool for an agile knowledge-based e-government, while SMART offers an innovative learning environment that will match labour market needs with the training offer.
Face and Object Recognition Using Biological Features and Few Views
Authors: Rodrigues J.M.F. , Lam R. , Terzić K. , du Buf J.M.H.
Published: August 2014

In recent years, a large number of impressive face and object recognition algorithms have surfaced, both computational and biologically inspired. Only a few of these can detect face and object views. Empirical studies concerning face and object recognition suggest that faces and objects may be stored in our memory by a few canonical representations. In cortical area V1 exist double-opponent colour blobs, also simple, complex, and end-stopped cells that provide input for a multiscale line and edge representation, keypoints for dynamic feature routing, and saliency maps for Focus-of-Attention. All these combined allow us to segregate faces. Events of different facial views are stored in memory and combined in order to identify the view and recognise a face, including its expression. The authors show that with five 2D views and their cortical representations it is possible to determine the left-right and frontal-lateral-profile views, achieving view-invariant recognition. They also show that the same principle with eight views can be applied to 3D object recognition when they are mainly rotated about the vertical axis. Although object recognition is here explored as a special case of face recognition, it should be stressed that faces and general objects are processed in different ways in the cortex.
Investigating the Measurement of Consumer Ecological Behaviour, Environmental Knowledge, Healthy Food, and Healthy Way of Life
Authors: Suki Norazah Mohd
Published: August 2014

The objective of this research is to investigate the measurement of consumer ecological behaviour, environmental knowledge, healthy food, and healthy way of life that is derived from the literature and survey. Correlations between environmental knowledge, healthy food, and healthy way of life with consumer ecological behaviour are also investigated. Statistical techniques were used to analyse the data using descriptive and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with the computer programme Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The latter was performed using principal component analysis and varimax rotation with the objective to test the underlying factor structure of the data. Next, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was executed via structural equation modeling (SEM) technique using analysis of moment structures (AMOS) computer programme version 21 in order to confirm the measurement model. CFA results show that the correlations between environmental knowledge, healthy way of life, and healthy food with consumer ecological behaviour were significant and supported, respectively. This study contributes to the extant literature on consumer ecological behaviour by developing a robust measure. Results offer a clearer perspective for companies to identify consumer ecological behaviour for better market segmentation, targeting and positioning of green products that are not harmful to the environment and could promote demands. The research implications are further explicated and the directions for future research are also elucidated.
Effects of a Positive Peer Relationship Training Program on Self-Esteem, Bullying, and Depression for Children in Early Adolescence.
Authors: Jung Hyun OK , Kim Hee Sook
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of the Positive Peer Relationship Training Program on self-esteem, bullying, and depression.METHODS: The research design was a quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-posttest. The recruited participants were forty-four 6th graders at an elementary school in G city. The research was carried out from September 10 to November 19, 2012. To test the effects of the Positive Peer Relationship Training Program, the participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group (23) and a control group (21). The Positive Peer Relationship Training Program was provided to the experiment group for 45 minutes/session twice a week, for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact probability test, chi2-test and t-test with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.RESULTS: After attending the Positive Peer Relationship Training Program, no significant differences were found in self-esteem scores but significant differences were found in bullying and depression scores between the experimental group and the control group (t=1.27, p=.212, t=-2.10, p=.042; t=-2.37, p=.023).CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the Positive Peer Relationship Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for decreasing bullying and depression among Children in Early Adolescence.
Knowledge and Attitudes towards Infant Oral Health, and Related Health Behavior among Parents.
Authors: Cho Haeryun
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of knowledge, attitude towards infant oral health, and related health behavior of parents.METHODS: The sample consisted of 380 parents who were providing care for a child ranging in age from 11 to 16 months.RESULTS: Participants obtained information on infant oral health via the internet, infant care books, and friends.While showing the correct attitude towards infant oral health, the parents were ill-informed regarding infant oral health and engaged in low levels of appropriate health behavior. There were statistically significant differences in infant oral health knowledge according to parents age, education, income, and age of infant. Attitude towards infant oral health was significantly different according to parents education and income. Also, there were significant differences in health behavior practice for infant oral health according to parents age, income, caregiver, and infant age. A significant positive relationship was found between knowledge and attitude to infant oral health.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that for maintenance and improvement of infant oral health, the parents and caregivers of infants should be provided with information and specific methods for infant oral health care.
Systematic Review of Effects of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Apnea of Preterm Infants.
Authors: Kim Eun Joo
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analysis the effects of nasal Continuous Postive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) for preterm infants using systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS: Thirteen peer-reviewed journals including preterm infants and apnea and nCPAP published between 1973 and 2013 were included. Effect size and statistics of homogeneity were done using STATA 10.0.RESULTS: The design for 9 studies was Randomized Control Trial. In most of studies the pressure of nCPAP was set to 4-6 cmH2O. The effect size of 5 studies for the effect on apnea rate using nCPAP compared to nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilator (nIPPV) showed that the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) was -0.11 and was not significantly different (Z=0.41, p=.680). But the difference in nCPAP for nasal Synchronizes Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilator (nSIPPV) (subgroup) was significant (SMD=-.44). The effect size of 7 studies on effect for ventilator weaning of using nCPAP compared to nIPPV showed the Risk Ratio (RR) as 1.60 and was not significantly different (Z=1.12, p=.268). But the difference between nCPAP and nSIPPV (subgroup) was significant (RR=3.94).CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need for an advanced care system and suggest continuous studies of apnea in preterm infants.
The kingdom of heaven and Matthew 10
Authors: Scholtz Jacob J.
Published: August 2014

This article proposes that the mission discourse in Matthew 10 is a single mission assignment that covers two distinct time periods when the gospel of the kingdom is preached. This assignment commenced during Christ’s first advent when the 12 apostles preached the gospel of the kingdom only in Israel. However, as a result of ‘this generation’ committing the unpardonable sin, this assignment became postponed until it will be resumed in the Tribulation when the coming King will authorise Jewish messengers to preach the gospel of the kingdom again – this time as a witness to all the nations. Based on this view of the mission discourse in Matthew 10, this article proposes a chiastic structure for Matthew 9:36−11:1a. Each section of this text will then be briefly discussed. Although the Church can make applications from this discourse, it is argued that Matthew 10:5b−42 does not refer to the Church age.Die koninkryk van die hemele en Matteus 10. Hierdie artikel bespreek die sendingdiskoers in Matteus 10 en beweer dat dit ’n enkele sendingopdrag is wat twee diskrete tydperiodes dek wanneer die evangelie van die koninkryk verkondig is. Hierdie sendingopdrag is tydens Christus se eerste koms aan die 12 apostels gegee om die evangelie van die koninkryk net in Israel te verkondig. Omdat ‘hierdie geslag’ die onvergeeflike sonde gedoen het, is hierdie sendingopdrag uitgestel en sal hervat word tydens die Verdrukking wanneer die komende Koning Joodse boodskappers sal magtig om weer die evangelie van die koninkryk te verkondig – hierdie keer tot getuienis vir al die nasies. Hierdie artikel stel ’n chiastiese struktuur vir Matteus 9:36−11:1a voor wat gebaseer is op hierdie siening van die sendingdiskoers in Matteus 10. Daarna word elke afdeling van die teks kortliks bespreek. Alhoewel die Kerk toepassings uit hierdie diskoers kan maak, word geargumenteer dat Matteus 10:5b−42 nie na die Kerk-era verwys nie.
Radial diffusion simulations of the 20 September 2007 radiation belt dropout
Authors: Albert J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This is a study of a dropout of radiation belt electrons, associated with an isolated solar wind density pulse on 20 September 2007, as seen by the solid-state telescopes (SST) detectors on THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms). Omnidirectional fluxes were converted to phase space density at constant invariants M = 700 MeV G−1 and K = 0.014 RE G1/2, with the assumption of local pitch angle α ≈ 80° and using the T04 magnetic field model. The last closed drift shell, which was calculated throughout the time interval, never came within the simulation outer boundary of L* = 6. It is found, using several different models for diffusion rates, that radial diffusion alone only allows the data-driven, time-dependent boundary values at Lmax = 6 and Lmin = 3.7 to propagate a few tenths of an RE during the simulation; far too slow to account for the dropout observed over the broad range of L* = 4–5.5. Pitch angle diffusion via resonant interactions with several types of waves (chorus, electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, and plasmaspheric and plume hiss) also seems problematic, for several reasons which are discussed.
Mapping of satellite Earth observations using moving window block kriging
Authors: Tadić J. M. , Qiu X. , Yadav V. , Michalak A. M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Global gridded maps (a.k.a. Level 3 products) of Earth system properties observed by satellites are central to understanding the spatiotemporal variability of these properties. They also typically serve either as inputs into biogeochemical models, or as independent data for evaluating such models. Spatial binning is a common method for generating contiguous maps, but this approach results in a loss of information, especially when the measurement noise is low relative to the degree of spatiotemporal variability. Such "binned" fields typically also lack a quantitative measure of uncertainty. Geostatistical mapping has previously been shown to make higher spatiotemporal resolution maps possible, and also provides a measure of the uncertainty associated with the gridded products. This study proposes a flexible moving window block kriging method that can be used as a tool for creating high spatiotemporal resolution maps from satellite data. It relies only on the assumption that the observed physical quantity exhibits spatial correlation that can be inferred from the observations. The method has several innovations relative to previously applied methods: (1) it provides flexibility in the spatial resolution of the contiguous maps (2) it is applicable for physical quantities with varying spatiotemporal coverage (i.e., density of measurements) by utilizing a more general and versatile data sampling approach, and (3) it provides rigorous assessments of the uncertainty associated with the gridded products. The method is demonstrated by creating Level 3 products from observations of column-integrated carbon dioxide (XCO2) from the GOSAT satellite, and solar induced fluorescence (SIF) from the GOME-2 instrument.
VINHO, CONSUMO E SOCIEDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DA COLUNA “TINTOS & BRANCOS
Authors: Fernanda Melonio Da Costa Fernanda
Published: August 2014

A partir da análise da coluna enogastronômica “Tintos & Brancos”, publicada semanalmente nocaderno Paladar do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo2, este ensaio levanta algumas reflexões a respeitoda representatividade do consumo de vinhos, tema que tem despertado crescente interesse nasociedade contemporânea. Além disso, o trabalho procura mostrar a importância do discursojornalístico e de suas construções de sentido, que transcendem o conteúdo dos textos, para adifusão do léxico enológico e do modo de vida do segmento cultural a que pertence o apreciadorde vinho, bebida tida como sinônimo de requinte e prazer no imaginário popular.
JORNALISMO AMBIENTAL E TRANSPARÊNCIA CORPORATIVA: O MARKETING VERDE COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE MISTIFICAÇÃO
Authors: BUENO Wilson da Costa
Published: August 2014

A ausência de uma perspectiva crítica no jornalismo ambiental favorece uma postura equivocada de corporações monopolistas e governos. Eles optam sempre por praticar o marketing verde, desvirtuando conceitos e processos importantes. Este texto descreve as inúmeras contradições da imprensa brasileira que, pressionada pelas empresas e autoridades, permite que interesses não científicos se sobreponham ao interesse público, comprometendo a democracia.
FORA DE FOCO: UMA ANÁLISE DA COBERTURA MIDIÁTICA SOBRE AS PESSOAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA
Authors: ROZENDO Suzana , MONTIPÓ Criselli
Published: August 2014

Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica à abordagem jornalística dos meios de comunicação de massa brasileiros quando os protagonistas dos fatos são pessoas em situação de rua. Busca-se, desta forma, evidenciar a humanização na narrativa jornalística e seu oposto: a desumanização dos relatos. O método adotado foi a análise de conteúdo. Para isso, analisamos algumas reportagens veiculadas na mídia em que é possível perceber a adoção de termos inadequados e a apuração descontextualizada.
APRENDIZAGEM E CRÍTICA NA SOCIEDADE DA MIDIATIZAÇÃO: ANÁLISE DA CIRCULAÇÃO DE EDIÇÃO DO PROGRAMA PROFISSÃO REPÓRTER
Authors: Da Cunha KLEIN Eloisa Joseane
Published: August 2014

Este artigo discorre acerca de aspectos de aprendizagem sobre a mídia e de exercícios de discussão e crítica midiática a partir da análise de um caso específico: a circulação crítica em torno de uma edição do programa Profissão Repórter (Rede Globo, terças-feiras, 23h30min). O texto desenvolve o argumento de que os processos intersubjetivos de conhecimento do mundo são, contemporaneamente, atravessados por processos midiáticos – o que motiva a observação dos processos interacionais que envolvem níveis de aprendizagem sobre a própria mídia, com frequentes exercícios críticos. A análise empírica recai sobre a edição “Violência entre casais” (2009) e correspondentes comentários dos espectadores no blog do programa, considerando aspectos relativos ao conhecimento da mídia, às trocas sociais na mídia e em função dela e ao debate sobre o tema, enquadramento e formatação televisiva.
EFICIÊNCIA DE EXTRATO TÂNICO COMBINADO OU NÃO COM ÁCIDO BÓRICO NA PROTEÇÃO DA MADEIRA DE Ceiba pentandra CONTRA CUPIM XILÓFAGO
Authors: Calegari Leandro , Lopes Pedro Jorge Goes , Santana Gregório Mateus , Stangerlin Diego Martins , De Oliveira Elisabeth , Gatto Darci Alberto
Published: August 2014

Dentre os métodos que vêm sendo testados para minimizar a lixiviação de compostos de boro na madeira, destaca-se sua combinação com taninos vegetais. Aos taninos vegetais é atribuída a durabilidade natural da madeira de algumas espécies, indicando sua potencialidade como preservativo natural. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o rendimento de taninos condensados provenientes da casca de Mimosa tenuiflora em extração realizada com água destilada, comparando-o ao da extração envolvendo a inclusão de sulfito de sódio, assim como a eficiência de extratos tânicos sulfitados, combinados ou não com ácido bórico, na melhoria da resistência da madeira de Ceiba pentandra ao térmita xilófago Nasutitermes corniger, por meio de ensaio de preferência alimentar. Extrato tânico obtido com a inclusão de sulfito de sódio à água teve melhor rendimento em taninos condensados. De maneira geral, a impregnação da madeira com o extrato tânico sulfitado proporcionou o mesmo comportamento quando comparada à aplicação do ácido bórico, sendo os melhores resultados verificados quando ambos foram utilizados conjuntamente. No entanto, depois de aplicado na madeira, o extrato tânico foi lixiviado e não favoreceu a redução da lixiviação do ácido bórico. Apesar da potencialidade do uso do extrato tânico ao cupim xilófago, estudos adicionais fazem-se necessários.Palavras-chave: Biodeterioração da madeira; térmitas xilófagos; Nasutitermes corniger. AbstractTannic extract efficiency combined or not with boric acid on protection of Ceiba pentandra wood against xylophagous termite. Among the methods tested to reduce the leaching of boron compounds in wood, it can be highlighted their combination with vegetable tannins. It is attributed the natural durability of some species of wood to vegetable tannins, pointing to their potentiality as natural wood preservatives. This research evaluated the efficiency of condensed tannins from bark of Mimosa tenuiflora extract with distilled water, compared to another extract added of sodium sulfite. It also evaluated the efficiency of sulfited tannin extracts, combined or not with boric acid in order to improve the resistance of Ceiba pentandra against the xylophagous termite Nasutitermes corniger by feeding test. Tannic extract obtained by adding sodium sulfite to distilled water revealed better yield compared to condensed tannin extraction. In general, impregnation of wood with tannin extract presented the same behavior as compared to application of boric acid, with best results observed when both them were simultaneously used. However, after applied to wood, tannin extracted was leachable and it did not favor the boric acid leaching. Despite the potential use of tannic extract against the xylophagous termite, additional studies are required for a best evaluation.Keywords: Wood biodeterioration; xilophogous termites; Nasutitermes corniger.
BIOMETRIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES, GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE BARBATIMÃO (Stryphnodendron adstringens)
Authors: Oliveira Freitas Valéria Lúcia , Viegas Fabrícia Pena , Ferreira Lopes Renata De Melo
Published: August 2014

Stryphnodendron adstringens é uma árvore de ampla distribuição no cerrado. Sua casca apresenta alto teor de tanino e é intensamente explorada, devido à sua ação adstringente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar características biométricas de frutos e sementes e avaliar o efeito da temperatura, escarificações e armazenamento na germinação de suas sementes, assim como avaliar o crescimento inicial das mudas em diferentes condições de sombreamento. O comprimento, a largura e a espessura variaram de 48,1 a 97,0 mm, de 10,1 a 16,9 mm e de 6,4 a 19,6 mm para os frutos e de 3,7 a 10,0 mm, 3,1 a 5,7 mm e 1,6 a 4,4 mm para as sementes. O número médio de sementes por fruto foi de 8,2±2,5, sendo 39% de sementes danificadas. A massa de 1000 sementes foi de 68,4 g. A escarificação mecânica foi o tratamento mais eficiente na superação da dormência, aumentando a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação. A faixa ótima de germinação foi de 25 a 35 ºC e as sementes permaneceram viáveis após oito meses de armazenamento. Os resultados apontaram que a espécie é heliófita, de crescimento lento, podendo ser adequada ao plantio em áreas degradadas.Palavras-chave: Fabaceae; espécie arbórea; dormência; viabilidade. AbstractFruit and seed biometry, seeds germination and initial growth of barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens). Stryphnodendron adstringens is a tree widely distributed in the Cerrado. Its bark has high tannin content and is heavily exploited due to its astringent action. This research aims to identify biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds, and also assess the effect of temperature, scarifications and storage on germination of its seeds as well as evaluate the initial seedling growth under different conditions of shading. Was also evaluated the seedling response submitted to two levels of shading (0 and 50%) in nursery conditions. Length, width and thickness ranged from 48.1 to 97.0 mm, from 10.1 to 16.9 mm and from 6.4 to 19.6 mm for fruits and from 3.7 to 10.0 mm, 3.1 to 5.7 mm, and 1.6 to 4.4 mm for seeds. The average number of seeds per fruit was 8.2±2.5, 39% damaged seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds was 68.4 g. Mechanical scarification was the most efficient in breaking dormancy, increasing the percentage and germination speed index. The optimum range of germination rate was 25 to 35 ºC and they remained viable after eight months of storage. The results revealed that the species is heliophytic, has slow growth, and is appropriate for planting in degraded areas.Keywords: Fabaceae; tree species; dormancy; viability.
EXÓTICAS INVASORAS NAS RODOVIAS BR 277, PR 508, PR 407, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Carvalho Joema , Ferreira Antonio Marcos , Belão Mario , Boçon Roberto
Published: August 2014

ResumoÁrvore exótica invasora é aquela que ocorre em uma área fora de seu limite natural e que se adapta e se reproduz, tornando-se dominante e alterando processos ecológicos naturais. As rodovias funcionam como um corredor de dispersão dessas espécies. Considerando isso, realizou-se um censo de todos os indivíduos de espécies arbóreas exóticas invasoras nas rodovias BR 277, PR 407 e PR 508, faixa de domínio da Concessionária Ecovia Caminhos do Mar S/A. As espécies foram definidas conforme a Portaria n° 125/2009, do Instituto Ambiental do Paraná. Registraram-se 15 espécies e 3.939 indivíduos, sendo as principais: Pinus sp., Eucalyptus sp., Psidium guajava e Musa sp. Essas espécies localizam-se, principalmente, próximas a moradias. Verificou-se correlação entre as espécies e a altitude. Recomenda-se o manejo das mesmas, desenvolvimento de programas de conscientização ambiental, recuperação dos ambientes alterados através do plantio de espécies nativas e monitoramento para o controle dessas espécies.Palavras-chave: Florística arbórea; altitude; biodiversidade. AbstractExotic invasive trees on the road BR 277, PR 407 e PR 508, Paraná, Brazil. An exotic invasive species is one that occurs outside of its natural geographical limits, which adapts and reproduces, and becomes dominant and concessionaire conducted a survey of exotic invasive tree species. The highways serve as a traverse where exotic species are easily dispersed. An inventory of invasive exotic trees (Ordinance N° 125/2009 of the Environmental Institute of Paraná) was carried out at the domain band of this concessionaire, on the highways BR 277, PR 407, and PR 508. 15 species were recorded as well as 3.939 individuals. The greatest instance species were: Pinus sp., Eucalyptus sp., Psidium guajava and Musa sp. These species are located primarily near the housing; there was a correlation between species and altitude. The management and tracking for the control of these species and environmental awareness programs are necessary, avoiding the planting of new subjects by de population and the dispersion in natural places, reestablishing the typical landscape of the present ecosystems on the road.Keywords: Floristic; tree; altitude; biodiversity.
EFFECT OF TIMBER HARVESTING ON DENSITY AND BASAL AREA OF LECYTHIDACEAE SPECIES IN THE EASTERN AMAZON
Authors: Marques dos Reis Pamella Carolline , Pequeno Reis Leonardo , Roberto Ruschel Ademir , Macedo Silva José Natalino , Pereira de Carvalho João Olegário , Travassos de Queiroz Waldenei
Published: August 2014

Dynamics of Lecythidaceae species were evaluated 13 years after logging in a dense tropical rain forest located in the municipality of Moju, Pará (02º 08’ 14’’ and 02º 12’ 26” S; 48º 47’ 34”S and 48º 48’ 14” W - SAD 69). Two hundred ha out of a 1,050 ha forest area were selectively logged for timber (23 m3 ha-1 harvested from 25 species) in 1997. Twenty-two permanent sample plots of 0.5 ha (11 ha sample area) were established and all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured and identified in 1995, 1998 and 2010. Density (trees ha-1) and basal area (m2 ha-1) of the species were evaluated in the three occasions. The opening of canopy caused by logging reduced the density and basal area of five species, but produced a positive response in nine species, boosting their natural regeneration and allowing the ingrowth of one species that was not present in the studied area in the beginning.Keywords: Forest dynamics; Tauari; forest management; Amazon Forest. ResumoEfeito da exploração de madeiras na densidade e área basal de espécies de Lecythidaceae no leste da Amazônia. Analisou-se a dinâmica de espécies de Lecythidaceae 13 anos após a exploração madeireira, em uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa no município de Moju, Pará (02º 08’ 14’’ e 02º 12’ 26” S; 48º 47’ 34”S e 48º 48’ 14” W - SAD 69). De uma área de floresta de 1.050 ha, foram selecionados 200 ha para exploração seletiva, em 1997, de 25 espécies comerciais madeireiras (intensidade de 23 m3 ha-1). Foram alocadas 22 parcelas permanentes de 0,5 ha, totalizando 11 ha amostrais, onde foram medidas todas as árvores com DAP≥ 10 cm, nos anos de 1995, 1998 e 2010. Analisou-se a densidade (árvores ha-1) e área basal (m2 ha-1) das espécies, nas três ocasiões. A abertura do dossel causada pela exploração reduziu a densidade e a área basal de cinco espécies, porém produziu impacto positivo em nove espécies, estimulando a sua regeneração natural e, inclusive, proporcionando o ingresso de uma espécie que não estava presente na área monitoradaPalavras-chave: Dinâmica da floresta; Tauarí; manejo florestal; Floresta Amazônica.
Animal Experiments Using Rotator Cuff
Authors: Chung Seok Won , Kim Sae Hoon , Oh Joo Han
Published: August 2014

In conducting animal studies using rotator cuff, researchers should select the appropriate types of animals and experimental models. This should also be followed by complete understanding of the selected experimental animals as well as the methods for evaluating the results. Thus, researchers could minimize errors and failure in conducting animal experimental studies. Further, this will provide a basis of establishing new idea and theory about rotator cuff diseases.
Effect of Flaxseed Flour on Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Dough and on Bread Characteristics
Authors: Xu Yingying , Hall III Clifford A. , Manthey Frank A.
Published: August 2014

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is an oilseed that is high in omega-3 fatty acid, dietary fiber and lignan. These components are responsible for the health promoting effects of flaxseed. Incorporating flaxseed into foodstuffs such as bread is an approach to increase dietary flaxseed. However, the need for a rapid screen method is needed since a complete baking process may take several hours. Correlating Farinograph parameters with bread characteristics may result in a rapid test that would allow for researchers to identify the proper levels of flaxseed addition to bread without a lengthy baking procedure. Therefore, the effect of 0, 6, 10, and 15% (wt/wt) flaxseed flour (FF) on Farinograph rheological properties of bread flour dough and on bread characteristics were investigated. Results showed that FF significantly (p< 0.05) increased dough water absorption, peak time, and mixing tolerance index, but decreased dough stability. Oven spring was significantly lower for all flaxseed treatments compared to the control. However, the loaf volume of bread made with 6 and 10% FF did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) from the control. The FF concentrations tested did not affect the specific volume of the bread even though the water absorption values were higher for doughs with FF. The breads containing flaxseed had darker crust color and a more yellow crumb color compared to control bread, but the crumb structure was not negatively impacted. Results indicated that Farinograph parameters of bread flour dough could be used as a method for screening FF addition to bread.
About the Connection Concerning the Processes of Transformations in Asia in the Second Part of the XIXc.- First Part of the XXc. And the Asian Economical Crisis in the end of 1990s
Authors: Ruvinskii Vladimir
Published: August 2014

No abstract available The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 6, 1999, Pages 42-49
Mongolia’s Economic Development in the context of Northeast Asian Economic Cooperation
Authors: Schran Peter
Published: August 2014

No abstract available The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 6, 1999, Pages 50-63
O licenciamento ambiental e a responsabilidade civil do estado como instrumentos garantidores da sustentabilidade
Authors: Pinheiro Cristiano Cota
Published: August 2014

O presente trabalho científico parte da construção da noção de sustentabilidade como pressuposto da perpetuação das condições de vida para as presentes e futuras gerações. Em seguida, adentra no estudo dos instrumentos oferecidos pelo ordenamento jurídico para assegurá-la. Aborda, num primeiro momento, o licenciamento ambiental, instrumento de que dispõe o Estado para controlar ou limitar o exercício das atividades potencialmente poluidoras ou degradadoras do meio ambiente, enfocando as nuances de sua polêmica terminológica e sua vocação para dar concretude ao princípio da prevenção e ao princípio da precaução. Em seguida, enfoca a responsabilidade civil do Estado pela concessão de licenças legais e ilegais, bem como a sua omissão no dever de fiscalizar o exercício das atividades impactantes sobre o meio ambiente. Por fim, conclui que ambas são ferramentas complementares, atuando em momentos distintos, na busca pela garantia do princípio da sustentabilidade.
A vedação à utilização de tributos com efeito de confisco como instrumento de proteção do contribuinte
Authors: Balthazar Ubaldo Cesar , Machado Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2014

Este artigo promove uma reflexão acerca do princípio constitucional da vedação do uso de tributo com efeito de confisco, previsto no art.150, IV, da Constituição Federal. Realiza uma análise do dispositivo constitucional, adentrando no Código Tributário Nacional, buscando verificar se vedação ao efeito de confisco constitui uma regra, um princípio ou um postulado. Indaga se o dispositivo encerra um limite objetivo, valor ou, pelo contrário, é instrumento de integração da tributação, e se é o tributo que possuiria um efeito confiscatório ou é o sistema tributário que deve conter tal efeito. Ao final, aborda a questão da aplicação do princípio às multas de natureza tributária, concluindo por sua não aplicabilidade
Uma introdução à sociologia das profissões jurídicas
Authors: Santos Andre Filipe
Published: August 2014

A importância desse artigo está nas referências apresentadas como ponto de partida para iniciantes no campo da sociologia das profissões jurídicas. O artigo não tem a pretensão de fazer uma resenha dos textos aqui referenciados, mas servir de suporte às análises sobre profissões jurídicas, a partir de uma apresentação das leituras sociológicas fundamentais dessa temática. Aponta-se também a teoria bourdieusiana como uma das mais importantes abordagens sociológicas para análise das profissões jurídicas na atualidade.
Interannual variability of the Kuroshio onshore intrusion along the East China Sea shelf break: Effect of the Kuroshio volume transport
Authors: Liu Chuanyu , Wang Fan , Chen Xinping , von Storch Jin‐Song
Published: August 2014

The interannual variability of the Kuroshio onshore intrusion (KOI) across the East China Sea (ECS) shelf break and its response to the ECS Kuroshio volume transport (KVT) during 1993 ∼ 2010 are studied based on a high‐resolution, real‐time, and global ocean general circulation model. Since variability of KVT is mainly determined in the interior Pacific, it is rather a remote than a local factor for the local ECS KOI. On interannual time scales, KVT affects KOI not only in the net volume transport across the entire shelf break but also in the spatial pattern along the shelf break. When KVT increases, the intrusion decreases (increases) upstream (downstream) of the major intrusion region northeast of Taiwan, the retreating increases (decreases) upstream (downstream) of the main veering region southwest of Kyushu. These patterns are caused by cyclonic eddies induced by the seaward deflection of the Kuroshio axis from the shelf break, which ultimately results from the KVT increase. A diagnostic mechanism of
is proposed, where h is the bottom depth, θ is the angle between isobaths and the vertically averaged current, and M is the absolute volume transport at the shelf break. θ is large in the major intrusion/retreating regions and stable on interannual time scales while M changes with opposite signs between upstream and downstream of the major intrusion/retreating regions. The mechanism explains well the relation of local KVT and the spatial pattern of KOI along the shelf break, in both the mean state and the interannual variations.
The ionosphere of Saturn as observed by the Cassini Radio Science System
Authors: Kliore Arvydas J. , Nagy Andrew , Asmar Sami , Anabtawi Aseel , Barbinis Elias , Fleischman Don , Kahan Danny , Klose John
Published: August 2014

Fifty‐nine ionsopheric radio occultation observations of the vertical electron density profile in the Saturn ionosphere have been made since the Cassini spacecraft was inserted in orbit around Saturn in 2004. Significant orbit to orbit variations were observed, but the general trend noted in earlier orbits, namely, increasing electron densities with increasing latitude was reconfirmed and bolstered with this extended data base. This trend is likely to be due to some combination of increasing ionization rates and decreasing water influx with latitude.
Measuring Reduced C60Diffusion in Crosslinked Polymer Films by Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Fischer Florian , Hahn Tobias , Bässler Heinz , Bauer Irene , Strohriegl Peter , Köhler Anna
Published: August 2014

The diffusion of fullerenes such as C60and PCBM in organic semiconductors is a key factor in controlling the efficiency of organic solar cells, though it is challenging to measure and to control. A simple optical method based on photoluminescence quenching is developed to assess the diffusion of a quencher molecule such as C60through a semiconducting polymer film, in this case made with the polymer polyfluorene. When the mobility of the polymer chains is reduced by chemical crosslinking, the diffusion coefficient of C60can be reduced by up to three orders of magnitude.
Helicity Control of π‐Stacked Assemblies of Oligo(para‐phenylene) Derivatives Using Photoresponsive Chiral Moieties at Terminal Sites
Authors: San Jose Benedict A. , Ashibe Tomoki , Tada Naoki , Yorozuya Shinichi , Akagi Kazuo
Published: August 2014

Oligo(para‐phenylene) (OPP) derivatives bearing photoresponsive chiral dithienylethene (DE*) terminal moieties that induce chirality in the OPP main chain are synthesized. In the assembled state, the photoisomerization of the chiral DE* terminal moieties prior to assembly, from the open to the closed form, leads to a change in the helicity of the π‐stacked structures. The circular dichroism spectra of mixed solvent solutions and cast films of the OPP assemblies exhibit bisignate Cotton effects in the absorption region associated with the oligomer main chain: these features indicate the presence of helically π‐stacked structures. Furthermore, the chiral transcription of racemic poly(bithiophenethiophene) (PBTT) by chiral OPP in the assembled state is demonstrated. The chirally transcribed PBTT shows a change in helicity upon the photoisomerization of the chiral DE* terminal moieties of OPP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of helicity control of a helically π‐stacked conjugated oligomer through the photoisomerization of a chiral photoresponsive moiety. Such assemblies could be attractive for use in optoelectronic devices and optical memory systems.