bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДИНАМІКА ШВИДКІСНИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ ДІТЕЙ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ В ПРОЦЕСІ ЗАНЯТЬ ТХЕКВОНДО
Authors: Христова Т.Є. , Авраїмов Д.І.
Published: July 2023

Фізична культура в шкільний період життя дитини має велике значення, є основою створення фундаменту для гармонійного фізичного розвитку, зміцнення здоров’я, формування низки рухових умінь і навичок. Повноцінний розвиток дітей шкільного віку без активних фізкультурних занять практично недосяжний (Дубогай, 2006). У зв’язку з тим, що пік природного розвитку, як правило, припадає на старший шкільний вік, основні фізичні здатності та функціональні можливості можна ефективно розвивати саме в шкільному віці. Цей період є сенситивним стосовно всіх фізичних якостей людини (Круцевич, 2012).
Pucuk Bang, A Balinese Musical Composition Komposisi | Pucuk Bang, Sebuah Komposisi Karawitan Bali
Authors: Yunadika Dwiki , Muryana I Ketut
Published: July 2023

Bunga pucuk bang masih dibutuhkan untuk kepentingan upacara keagamaan. Selama agama Hindu masih tetap tegak di Bali, bunga pucuk bang akan tetap dibutuhkan. Tidak sekedar memenuhi kebutuhan sarana upakara, bunga pucuk bang juga memiliki nilai yang khusus, yang patut kita jaga dan lestarikan keberadaanya. Pucuk bang merupakan judul dari karya tabuh kreasi ini, yang menggunakan media ungkap gamelan gong kebyar. Karya ini terinspirasi darimelihat tanaman bunga pucuk bang yang ada di pekarangan rumah. Dari pemaknaan bunga pucuk bang secara etimologis, terciptalah karya pucuk bang ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam garapan ini ialah metode yang dikemukan oleh Alma M. Hawkins, dalam penciptaan tari yaitu Tahap Penjajagan (eksplorasi), Tahap Percobaan (improvisasi), dan Tahap Pembentukan (forming). Konsep dari garapan ini berpedoman pada konsep Tri Angga (kawitan, pengawak, pengecet) dan masih menggunakan pola-pola tradisi. Pola-pola tradisi tersebut dikembangkan baik dari struktur lagu, teknik permainan/motif permainan dengan penataan unsur-unsur musikal seperti: nada, melodi, ritme, tempo, harmoni dan dinamika. Karya tabuh kreasi yang berjudul pucuk bang ini memiliki durasi 11 menit  kurang 12 detik dengan menggunakan 28 pendukung termasuk penata. Karya tabuh kreasi pucuk bang ini disajikan secara konser, yang di rekam di Green Kubu, Br. Sebunibus, Nusa Penida.
Adapting Copy-Paste Phenomenon Into a New Music l Menyadur Fenomena "Copy-Paste" ke dalam Musik Baru
Authors: Dibya Adi Guna I Wayan , Sujayanthi Ni Wayan Masyuni
Published: July 2023

Sebagai sebuah garapan, penata menangkap sebuah fenomena yang sering dilakukan di kalangan siswa maupun mahasiswa yaitu memilih sesuatu yang instan seperti copas (copy paste). Beranjak dari fenomena ini penggarap mengulas kembali sisi terang dari copas untuk mengubah pola pikir seseorang bahwa copas tidak semata-mata menyalin dan menempel secara mentah, namun copas merupakan suatu titik terang dari buntunya inspirasi untuk menemukan referensi sebagai bahan acuan untuk menyusun sebuah karya yang sesuai dengan karakter penggarap sendiri. Garapan ini bertujuan untuk membangkitkan rasa cinta masyarakat terhadap seni karawitan melalui karya-karya karawitan yang penuh inovasi. Penggarap menggunakan metode penciptaan yakni “Panca Sthiti Ngawi Sani”. Pengimplementasian tahapan-tahapan metode tersebut dalam penggarapan sebuah karya dapat mengeluarkan karakteristik penggarap itu sendiri sehingga melahirkan karya musik baru dengan originalitas tersendiri. Karya ini direalisasikan ke dalam tiga bagian, yakni introduksi, situasi, dan resolusi. Pada struktur ini bentuk garapan akan menyerupai pola piramid yang pada bagian tengahnya sebagai klimaks pada garapan ini. Hasil dari karya ini adalah sebuah karya berkonsep copy paste for originality, yang konteksnya dalam musik sebagai karya yang secara “kasar” mengcopy sebuah bentuk lagu dari instrumen aslinya yang di paste ke instrumen yang berbeda secara mentah, yang berdampak menimbulkan perbedaan warna bunyi saat mendengarkan instrumen tersebut. Diharapkan garapan ini dapat memberi manfaat bagi kaula muda dan penikmat seni.
Music Composition “Sekar Layu” | Komposisi Musik Inovatif “Sekar Layu”
Authors: Darmayasa I Ketut Agus , Suartaya Kadek
Published: July 2023

Budaya lokal (Bali) telah banyak mempengaruhi pola pikir, sikap, perilaku dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Lekatan konsep-konsep berkehidupan dalam bermasyarakat di Bali sudah menyelimuti keseluruhan yakni terkandung rasa dalam melakoninya. Olahan rasa senang-sedih, suka-duka, sudah barang tentu dimiliki manusia pada umumnya berdasarkan pengalaman masing-masing. Rasa yang penulis alami dalam menjalani kehidupan mendaut penulis untuk menjadikan ide dalam sebuah garapan komosisi musik inovatif.

Sebagaimana telah penulis paparkan, perjalanan cinta kasih empiris yang penulis alami telah menginspirasi, dan memotivasi ketersentuhan bathin penulis untuk menciptakan rangkaian nada-nada yang melahirkan karya inovatif. Kandungan esensial dari empiris tersebut telah menyulut api kreativitas penulis, dan selanjutnya mendistribusikan api itu dengan bingkai tajuk Sekar Layu. 

Sekar Layu bagi penulis sebentuk ruang rekreasi yang diaplikasikan kedalam sebuah komposisi musik inovatif. Meminjam seperangkat pisau metodologi penciptaan yang dirasa tepat mengupas hakikat Sekar Layu. Metode yang penulis aplikasikan di antaranya tahap eksplorasi, improvisasi, dan pembentukan. Motif instument sape (alat musik Kalimantan) dan motif leluangan yang dituangkan kedalam barungan Gamelan Semar Pagulingan saih pitu menjadi media ungkap dalam garapan ini. Semua kerangka pikiran tersebut dilebur menjadi satu bagian integral yang tak terpisah pula dengan garapan. Semoga pencerahan (katarsis), menjadi buah yang berfaedah bagi penulis dan semua pendukung yang terlibat dalam garapan komposisi musik inovatif Sekar Layu.
Balinese Musical Composition Surya Candra | Komposisi Karawitan Bali Surya Candra
Authors: Putra I Putu Ono , Bawa Putu Tiodore Adi
Published: July 2023

Fenomena adalah hal yang luar biasa dalam kehidupan di dunia dan dapat terjadi setiap saat contohnya siang dan malam. Waktu siang pada saat matahari terlihat, dan malam ditandai dengan ketidakhadiran matahari di langit namun digantikan oleh kehadiran bulan. Matahari dan bulan sebagai lambang perbedaan karakter dengan adanya siang dan malam, dan dalam istilah Bali matahari dan bulan yang disebut dengan Surya Candra. Tujuan dari garapan ini adalah: mengangkat fenomena alam sebagai ide untuk dijadikan karya seni komposisi tabuh kreasi kekebyaran yang berjudul Surya Candra. Dalam mewujudkan garapan tabuh kreasi Surya Candra ini, pencipta meminjam konsep tentang proses penciptaan yang dikemukakan oleh Alma M.Hawkins karena metode ini sangat tepat dalam mewujudkan karya surya candra, metode ini  menyatakan bahwa ada tiga tahapan proses penciptaan dalam berkarya seni, yaitu tahap eksplorasi, improvisasi, dan forming. Garapan ini berbentuk sebuah tabuh kreasi kekebyaran dengan mengangkat judul Surya Candra.
Composition karawitan Bali "Pajegan" | Komposisi Karawitan Bali “Pajegan”
Authors: Juniarta I Nyoman , Sudiana I Nyoman , Hartini Ni Putu
Published: July 2023

Berbagai macam hal yang bisa menimbulkan rasa indah pada saat kita mengalaminya dan berbagai macam proses yang penata lalui untuk mewujudkan karya musik pajegan. Karya musik pajegan terinspirasi dari tradisi mapeed yang ada di Desa Adat Kapal, penata menganalogikan atau membahasakan suatu bentuk dari pajegan ke dalam suatu musik. Pajegan merupakan sebuah istilah Bali yang pada umumnya sering disebut Gebogan yaitu sebuah sesajen yang dihaturkan ke pada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atau Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Proses penciptaan karya ini dilakukan dengan 3 tahapan yaitu rangsangan awal yang dipadukan dengan konsep Alma M. Hawkins dalam buku yang terdiri dari Exploration (eksplorasi), Improvisation (improvisasi) dan Forming (pembentukan). Karya ini diwujudkan dalam bentuk tabuh kreasi pepangulan yang tetap berpijak pada ranah tradisi. Dalam karya musik pajegan ini menggunakan media ungkap barungan Gamelan Gong Kebyar dimana jumlahnya melebihi 30 orang, karya ini juga dilakukan dengan proses tahap bereksperimental dan melakukan suatu perkembangan motif – motif permainannya dibentuk secara sistematis.
Aswamedha: A Legitimation of Leadership Based on The Kitab of Aswamedha Parwa | Aswamedha: Sebuah Legitimasi Kepemimpinan Berbasis Kitab Aswamedha Parwa
Authors: Sukma Priyambodo Bagas , Ardana I Ketut , - Sutrisni
Published: July 2023

The legitimacy model with ceremonial means is rarely done nowadays, therefore it is necessary to re-narrate the legitimacy model with ceremonial means. The purpose of this creation research is to reveal the content and interpret the leadership legitimacy model in the Aswamedha Parwa book through musical compositions. This creation research uses Art Transformation Theory, which is to transform original works (literature) into new works (karawitan composition). The research method used is Practice as Research through Performance. This practice is analogous to a representation of the musical context, namely the analogy of leadership using the pathetan form, the analogy of sadness using the sendhon, the analogy of legitimate leadership using the ada-ada form. The stages that must be passed are, Pre-Working, Working on, Post-Working. The results of the analysis related to the content of the composition are the values that a leader must have so that his leadership becomes legitimate. These values have implications for an interpretation of a compositional model that prioritizes beauty as a means of representation of the musical context.
Music Composition Makules | Komposisi Musik Makules
Authors: Adiputra Kadek Agus Pusaka , Haryanto Tri
Published: July 2023

Karya musik Makules dilatar belakangi dengan melihat suatu fenomena dimana dewasa ini para komposer di Bali khususnya yang ada di lingkungan penata yakni di daerah Tabanan dalam menciptakan komposisi musik baru lebih dominan mengolah elemen-elemen musik seperti ritme, melodi, dinamika, dan harmoni. Sedikit komposer yang mengolah warna suara atau timbre. Dari fenomena tersebut penata mendapatkan inspirasi melakukan sesuatu yang berbeda. Obsesi mengantarkan pada abstraksi pemikiran dengan ketertarikan ingin mengolah warna suara, menciptakan kesan baru dengan mongolah timbre atau warna suara sebagai kiblat penciptaan. Maka  dari  itu  dibuatlah  sebuah  karya  karawitan  dengan  bentuk  musik  eksperimental  dengan  judul Makules. Makna dari judul Makules adalah dilihat dari kata Makules yang berarti berganti kulit, dimana penata menggunakan judul sesuai dengan pengertiannya yang berarti ganti kulit. Proses pergantian kulit dan kembali menggunakan kulit yang baru merupakan transformasi ide central penciptaan komposisi karya dengan membahasamusikkan Gamelan Gender Wayang dengan mengolah sesuatu yang sudah ada sebelumnya (tradisi), diremajakan atau ditransformasikan menjadi bentuk pengolahan baru yang tetap berpijak pada tradisi.
New Technique of Playing Reong into Musical Composition “Sekunder” | Teknik Baru Memainkan Reong Dalam Komposisi Karawitan “Sekunder”
Authors: Gautama Gede Prabudinatha , Sujayanthi Ni Wayan Masyuni
Published: July 2023

Karya musik Sekunder merupakan sebuah karya komposisi karawitan yang terinspirasi dari proses membersihkan gamelan. Proses membersihkan gamelan bukan kegiatan utama melainkan kegiatan tambahan dalam pemeliharaan gamelan. Berangkat dari hal tersebut penata melihat suatu cara pandang baru dalam berkomposisi Karawitan. Penggunaan amplas sebagai sarana eksplorasi bunyi dari instrumen gamelan reong dan peran di luar musisi yaitu soundman adalah objek penciptaan karya yang diberi judul Sekunder.  Tujuan terciptanya karya Sekunder ini untuk menghasilkan cara baru dalam memainkan reong sehinga nantinya bisa menjadi tehnik baru untuk kedepanya dalam memainkan instrumen reong. Metode penciptaan karya Sekunder disusun melalui tiga tahapan penciptaan yaitu tahap penjajagan, percobaan, dan pembentukan. Dari ketiga tahap tersebut maka terbentuk karya Sekunder menjadi 3 bagian dimana setiap bagian menggambarkan masing-masing dari tahap penciptaan tersebut dan juga implementasi dari proses membersihkan gamelan menjadi suatu teknik baru dimana cara memainkan instrumen reong menggunakan amplas. Kesimpulan dari karya ini adalah karya ini mengunakan tehnik baru dalam memainkannya yaitu menggunakan amplas dimana tehnik ini terinspirasi dari porses membersihkan gamelan. Selain itu, peran soundman sangat penting disini sebagai pengatur dinamika. Karya Sekunder ini diharapkan nantinya menjadi pijakan untuk karya-karya selanjutnya dan juga cara baru dalam memainkan reong pada karya ini bisa digunakan secara terus menerus.
Introduction to Creation Music Kumat | Pengantar Musik Kreasi Kumat
Authors: Suardana I Putu
Published: July 2023

Kumat's work is a composition of new creations that is packaged with a traditional nuance. This work is an interpretation of the mechanism of bipolar mental disorder compiled through a musical formulation that corresponds to the mechanism of bipolar. This work focuses on two building elements, namely musical formulations and musical nuances, musical formulations are concrete and musical nuances are variable according to the listener's musical experience. Kumat's work uses a modified Jegog gamelan as a medium of expression. The location of the modifications is on the barangan instrumen, kantil, suwir which are made into one stump, with the addition of two other instrumens as melody modifiers, namely kuntung and undir. The process of creating this work is carried out in four stages, namely initial stimulation combined with the concept of Alma M. Hawkins in the book Creating Trough Dance which consists of exploration, improvisation, formation. This work is manifested in the form of creative percussion which is still based on the realm of tradition, the renewal contained in this work lies in the musical formulation that adopts the mathematical science of the magic square as the basis for the formation of the work.
New Creation Music Jaladi Merta Ayu | Tabuh Kreasi Baru Jaladi Merta Ayu
Authors: Pratama Yoga Agus Ari
Published: July 2023

Karya komposisi karawitan tabuh kreasi yang berjudul “Jaladi Merta Ayu” ini merupakan karya komposisi baru atau karya komposisi karawitan tabuh kreasi yang menawarkan atau menonjolkan gagasan baru, bersifat kekinian, dan meningkatkan originalitas. Pencipta berimajinasi dengan mengangkat sebuah komposisi karawitan bali secara sistematis yang sumber inspirasinya didapat dari indahnya fenomena serta keseharian pantai Sanur dari pagi hari sebelum matahari terbit hingga malam hari ramai akan parawisatan yang berkunjung baik penduduk lokal ataupun warga negara asing sehingga memicu pencipta untuk menjadikannya sebagai garapan karya seni tabuh kreasi baru. Pencipta ingin karya tabuh kreasi ini dapat memberikan suasana serta kesan-kesan baru, untuk mewujudkan karya tabuh kreasi ini pencipta mengolah berbagai pola permainan yang sudah ada menjadi pola permainan baru yang sudah dirancang sedemikian rupa agar tidak lepas kontrol dari poin-poin yang terkandung sebelumnya. Karya seni tabuh kreasi “Jaladi Merta Ayu” ini menggunakan struktur kawitan, pengawak, pengiba, pengecet. Pemilihan seperangkat gamelan yakni barungan gamelan gong kebyar, garapan ini setiap bagiannya dengan pengolahan pola-pola permainan baru berbau kekinian, pola permainan melodi suling yang merdu sesuai dengan yang pencipta sudah rancang berdasarkan konsep yang digunakan serta dapat mengolah unsur-unsur musik seperti dinamika (aes-uncab) dan temponya. Tabuh kreasi ini disetiap bagiannya terdapat ending-ending yang terjadi pada saat keseharian pantai sanur yaitu pada bagian satu dipagi hari, bagian dua disiang hari, bagian tiga disore hari, bagian empat dimalam hari dengan ending yang paling ditunggu-tunggu yaitu keindahan sang bulan purnama menyinari malam pantai Sanur. Dengan hal tersebut pencipta berharap agar tabuh kreasi ini bisa menjadi salah satu contoh yang layak untuk dinikmati dan ditekuni.
Karawitan Composition Ngebur | Komposisi Karawitan Ngebur
Authors: Mulyawan I Putu Hadi
Published: July 2023

Ngebur merupakan sebuah akronim dari suku kata nges, bungah, dan rame. Ketiga kata tersebut merupakan sebuah elaborasi yang terjadi dalam sebuah kotekan. Media ungkap karya ini menggunakan gamelan Gong Kebyar yang mentitik fokuskan penggarapannya pada instrument ugal, pemade, dan kantilan. Karya ini terinspirasi dari sebuah kotekan yang ada dalam gamelan Bali dan mengadopsi beberapa kotekan yang kemudian dikembangkan tanpa menghilangkan ciri khas dari kotekan yang penata adopsi. Tahapan proses kreativitas dalam garapan ini menggunakan metode dari bapak I Wayan Beratha. Tahapan dari metode ini dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan, yaitu terdiri dari (1) nguping, (2) menahin, dan (3) ngelesin. Komposisi karawitan Ngebur ini digarap dan diwujudkan dalam bentuk musik karawitan inovatif yang berdurasi 12 menit yang didukung oleh 17 orang pemain termasuk penata. Tujuan dari terciptanya penggarapan karya ini untuk mengetahui tentang struktur, tehnik, dan pola yang terdapat pada kotekan dalam musik Bali. Adapun manfaat dari terciptanya karya ini sebagai realisasi sebuah kemampuan subjektif dari penata untuk berkreasi dalam bidang garap musik baru yang inovatif sehingga dapat mendorong para pelaku seni untuk lebih menerima karya baru bahwa berkarya tidak harus berpaku pada tradisi saja, seperti pada karya ini dengan pengolahan dan pengembangan kotekan sebagai dasar penggarapannya.
Introduction to the Musical Composition “Windu Sara” | Pengantar Karya Komposisi Karawitan “Windu Sara”
Authors: Arimbawa I Putu Restu Krisna , Partha I Ketut
Published: July 2023

Karya karawitan ini merupakan hasil eksekusi dari ide yang dibuat penata guna memenuhi persyaratan untuk menyelesaikan pendidikan (S1). Karya karawitan ini mengangkat tema Windu sara memiliki keunikan dari segi warna merah yang cukup kuat. Warna merah pada batu ini memiliki arti pemersatuan kepada masyarakat dan dapat menimbulkan kebahagiaan. maka dari itu penata sangat tertarik terhadap batu merah delima ini untuk membuat sebuah kompusisi yang berbentuk tabuh petegak pelegongan Windu Sara. Kasiat dari batu merah delima atau bisa juga disebut Windu Sara memiliki kasiat untuk membawa keslamatan dan menyucikan yang memiliki sifat keagungan dalam kasiatnya. sedangkan kegunannya untuk memimpin upacara-upacara besar atau penting bagi masyarakat hindu. Karya karawitan ini berkonsepkan tabuh petegak pelegongan dengan menggunakan media ungkap barungan gamelan samara pegulingan saih pitu. Pada garapan ini, penata melibatkan musisi sebanyak 26 orang musisi. Tabuh petegak pelegongan merupakan suatu jenis karya seni pembukaan yang berdurasi 12 menit, Jenis tabuh petegak pelegongan windu sara ini sering dimainkan pada pementasan mesolah tepatnya sebelum dimulainya alur cerita yang akan dipentaskan. Karya karawitan ini memiliki struktur Tri Angga yang terdiri dari kawitan, pengawak, dan pengecet. Pada bagian kawitan bisa diawali dengan permainan kendang dan instrument lainnya masuk setelah permainan kendang, dilanjutkan ke bagian pengawak dan pengecet.
Mantra Musicalization: Cowongan Rituals Ideas for Creating Instruction Karawitan Compositions | Musikalisasi Mantra: Ritual Cowongan sebagai Ide Penciptaan Komposisi Karawitan
Authors: Dwi Irawan Yofan , Suneko Anon , Ardana I Ketut
Published: July 2023

Banyumas has a cowongan that aims to invoke fertility and prosperity to Dewi Sri. Ritual cowongan uses mantras as an absolute requirement in its implementation. However, as the times progressed, the mantra experienced dissection, so it was necessary to revitalize the mantra into a musicalization model in order to maintain the existence of the mantra. This research uses the research method of practice as research through performance which goes through pre-work, working on and post-work stages to get the best data about the works of art that will be created. The performance of a musical composition with the title Sirêng uses the cowongan as inspiration in creating works of art. Based on the results of the analysis on the cowongan , three elements were found, namely subject, object and activity. These three elements are packaged and implemented into the cowongan which is the workflow of Sirêng's composition. The addition of spells is done to complement the existing spells and complete the workflow. Mantras that are usually spoken simply can be transformed into a musicalization of mantras. The musical elements used to transform the mantra are tempo, melody, time, dynamics and harmony. The packaging of spells into musical performances has a plot and is dramatic. Therefore, the spell will be easier to enjoy and can meet today's tastes.
Music Composition Tegak Anyar | Komposisi Musik Tegak Anyar
Authors: Ydiarta I Wayan
Published: July 2023

Ketertarikan penata terhadap patet-patet muerupakan salah satu yang melatar belakangi karya ini. Jika di akumulasikan setiap patet memiliki nada 3(ding), 4(dong), 5(deng), 7(dung) dan1(dang)nya masing-masing. Berarti dalam tujuh patet penata mendapatkan tujuh nada 3 (ding), tujuh nada 4 (dong) dan seterusnya sampai nada 1 (dang). Ditambah lagi penata melihat peluang dimana pada akhir-akhir ini belum terdapat sebuah karya yang menggunakan media ungkap gamelan Semar Pegulingan Saih Pitu dengan judul Tegak Anyar. Tegak Anyar terbentuk dari dua suku kata yaitu Tegak dan Anyar, dimana Tegak yang artinya duduk, juga terdapat Bahasa istilah yaitu ruang atau lahan dan Anyar berarti baru. Tegak Anyar diartikan penata ingin memberikan sebuah ruang baru terhadap media yang penata gunakan yaitu Semar Pegulingan Saih Pitu dengan bentuk tabuh kreasi baru. Penata berimajinasi untuk mengolah patet-patet yang terdapat dalam gamelan Semar Pegulingan Saih Pitu. Pada umumnya, penggunaan patet-patet tersebut biasa untuk merubah suasana, karena setiap patet memiliki kesan bunyi yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan utama penata ialah  ingin mengajak masyarakat mengetahui bagaimana perkembangan seni karawitan Bali dengan manfaat memperkaya warna karawitan Bali serta memberi trobosan baru dalam berkarya. Karya ini menggunakan sebuah metode yang diciptakan oleh Alma M. Hawkins dalam buku Creating Trough Dance. Dimana penciptaan sebuah karya seni perlu menggunakan tiga tahapan yaitu eksplorasi, improvisasi dan pembentukan. Karya Tegak Anyar diwujudkan dalam bentuk Tabuh Kreasi yang mempertimbangkan unsur musikalitas.
DUES VISIONS FEMINISTES EN EL CINEMA D’AGNÈS VARDA: DE L’ORTODÒXIA A LA DISSOLUCIÓ
Authors: Nadal Nil
Published: July 2023

En el següent article, s’analitzarà una part de l’obra cinematogràfica de l’Agnès Varda des de la seva faceta feminista. En concret, es posarà l’accent sobre el moviment de la segona onada, emmirallant-lo i contrastant-lo amb els exemples de Réponse de Femmes (1975) i L’une chante, l’autre pas (1976). En segon terme, com a hipòtesi de treball, s’extrapolarà la deriva antimetafísica del postfeminisme i s’aplicarà a l’analisi del documental Les glaneurs et la glaneuse (2000), on el tema no gira explícitament al voltant de l’univers femení, sinó que es posa l’accent sobre la representació de l’alteritat.
TRABAJO TEXTIL FEMENINO EN LA EDAD MEDIA: OCUPACIÓN SEÑORIAL Y OFICIO PROFESIONAL
Authors: Rodríguez Peinado Laura
Published: July 2023

Las mujeres han formado parte desde un punto de vista laboral de la producción textil en todas las épocas históricas. En la Edad Media su presencia está documentada en todos los procesos: hilado, tinte, tejido, bordado y confección de prendas. El bordado, tejido y tapicería estuvieron entre las ocupaciones de las nobles damas que ocupaban su tiempo en estas actividades como prácticas vinculadas a las virtudes que las adornaban; pero también ocupó como oficio remunerado a muchas mujeres. Si en la Alta Edad Media hay más documentación de mujeres que trabajaban de forma autónoma, como bordadoras, en los últimos siglos de la Edad Media están presentes en los gremios, las menos de las veces formando parte de derecho y, las más de las veces, participando en la producción textil junto a los miembros masculinos de su núcleo familiar.
RESEÑA. ECOXICANISMO. AUTORAS CHICANAS Y JUSTICIA MEDIOAMBIENTAL, MAITE APERRIBAY-BERMEJO
Authors: Avendaño Santana Lynda
Published: July 2023

Reseña del libro: Ecoxicanismo. Autoras chicanas y justicia medioambiental, Maite Aperribay-Bermejo PUV Universitat de Valencia. Biblioteca Javier Coy d`estudis nord-americans, 2021, 163 pp.

ISBN: 978-84-9134-847-4; ISBN: 978-84-9134-848-1 (e-Pub); ISBN: 978-84-9134-849-8 PDF
The integrationnal potential of inter-parliamentary cooperation of the regions of the Russian Federation in the 1990s.
Authors: Shirko Tatiana Ivanovna
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the practical experience of the activities of the associations of inter-parliamentary cooperation of the regions of the Russian Federation in the 1990s and the implementation of strategies for using their integrative potential. The object of the study is inter–parliamentary associations, the subject is the strategies of integration cooperation formed by them. The purpose of the work is to analyze the use of the integration potential of the activities of the associations of interparliamentary cooperation of the regions of the Russian Federation in the 1990s. Attention is drawn to the fact that inter–parliamentary associations - associations and councils formed various integration strategies, which were formed depending on the goals and objectives of interaction declared by the associations. The organization of the activities of interparliamentary cooperation associations was aimed at developing joint solutions, the form and content of which depended on whether the issue belonged to the appropriate level of competence – the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its regions, as well as the exclusive jurisdiction of the regions of the Federation. It is established that the implementation of the strategies of the associations was carried out by resolving common problems for the participants, such as: the development of model laws and legislative initiatives, generalization of law enforcement practice, as well as support for individual initiatives that are key for the regions of the Federation – a member of the association. The content of the cooperation of the councils was mainly related to the coordination by the subjects of the Federation of legislative support for the implementation of socio-economic development programs of the regions of the Federation. A feature of the activities of interparliamentary cooperation associations was the formation of a consolidated position on rule-making, which falls within the competence of the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of unified positions on the socio-political events taking place in the country.
Study of stable expressions by comparing phraseological units of the Russian and English languages
Authors: Shagbanova Khabiba Sadyrovna
Published: July 2023

The main content of this study is the analysis of stable expressions in Russian and English. The article reveals the content of the concept of "phraseology", it examines the classification of phraseological units in modern linguistics, describes the problems that can be encountered when translating phraseological units from one language to another. Special attention is paid to the difference of phraseological variants in the context of interlanguage study, as well as the relationship between language and culture, national understanding of mentality, the essence of language, the need for scientific study of the communicative function of society in cognitive and discursive aspects. The purpose of the study is to analyze phraseological phrases in Russian and English, to identify their stylistic and grammatical features. The structural and semantic characteristics of phraseological units of the Russian and English languages and the principles of their classification are considered. Special attention is paid to the regularities of the functioning of phraseological units in the system of modern linguistics. It is argued that the conclusions obtained as a result of this study are important for intercultural understanding and communication, as well as for effective learning of foreign languages. The author proves the urgent need to improve the stylistic literacy of teachers and students, translators, lexicographers, and also emphasizes the importance of phraseological research in the context of demonstrating the relationship between language and society.
Effort cost of harvest affects decisions and movement vigor of marmosets during foraging
Authors: Hage Paul , Jang In Kyu , Looi Vivian , Fakharian Mohammad Amin , Orozco Simon P. , Pi Jay S. , Sedaghat-Nejad Ehsan , Shadmehr Reza
Published: July 2023

We would rather decline an effortful option, but when compelled, will move only slowly to harvest. Why should economic variables such as reward and effort affect movement vigor? In theory, both our decisions and our movements contribute to a measure of fitness in which the objective is to maximize rewards minus efforts, divided by time. To explore this idea, we engaged marmosets in a foraging task in which on each trial they decided whether to work by making saccades to visual targets, thus accumulating food, or to harvest by licking what they had earned. We varied the effort cost of harvest by moving the food tube with respect to the mouth. Theory predicted that the subjects should respond to the increased effort costs by working longer, stockpiling food before commencing harvest, but reduce their movement vigor to conserve energy. Indeed, in response to the increased effort costs of harvest, marmosets increased their work duration but reduced their movement vigor. These changes in decisions and movements coincided with changes in pupil size. As the effort cost of harvest declined, work duration decreased, the pupils dilated, and lick and saccade vigor increased. Thus, when acquisition of reward became effortful, there was a global change in the state of the brain: the pupils constricted, the decisions exhibited delayed gratification, and the movements displayed reduced vigor.Why do economic variables such as reward and effort affect both the decision-making and the motor-control circuits of the brain? Our results suggest that as the brainstem neuromodulatory circuits that control pupil size respond to effort costs, they alter computations in the brain regions that control decisions, encouraging work and delaying gratification, and the brain regions that control movements, suppressing energy expenditure and reducing vigor. This coordinated response may improve a variable relevant to fitness: the capture rate.
Structure of the connexin-43 gap junction channel in a putative closed state
Authors: Qi Chao , Acosta-Gutierrez Silvia , Lavriha Pia , Othman Alaa , Lopez-Pigozzi Diego , Bayraktar Erva , Schuster Dina , Picotti Paola , Zamboni Nicola , Bortolozzi Mario , Gervasio Francesco L. , Korkhov Volodymyr M.
Published: July 2023

Gap junction channels (GJCs) mediate intercellular communication by connecting two neighboring cells and enabling direct exchange of ions and small molecules. Cell coupling via connexin-43 (Cx43) GJCs is important in a wide range of cellular processes in health and disease 1-3 , yet the structural basis of Cx43 function and regulation has not been determined until now. Here we describe the structure of a human Cx43 GJC solved by cryo-EM and single particle analysis at 2.26 Å resolution. The pore region of Cx43 GJC features several lipid-like densities per Cx43 monomer, located close to a putative lateral access site at the monomer boundary. We found a previously undescribed conformation on the cytosolic side of the pore, formed by the N-terminal domain and the transmembrane helix 2 of Cx43 and stabilized by a small molecule. Structures of the Cx43 GJC and hemichannels in nanodiscs reveal a similar gate arrangement. The features of the Cx43 GJC and hemichannel cryo-EM maps and the channel properties revealed by molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the captured states of Cx43 are consistent with a closed state.
De novo identification of universal cell mechanics gene signatures
Authors: Urbanska Marta , Ge Yan , Winzi Maria , Abuhattum Shada , Ali Syed Shafat , Herbig Maik , Kräter Martin , Toepfner Nicole , Durgan Joanne , Florey Oliver , Dori Martina , Calegari Federico , Lolo Fidel-Nicolás , Ángel del Pozo Miguel , Taubenberger Anna , Cannistraci Carlo Vittorio , Guck Jochen
Published: July 2023

Cell mechanical properties determine many physiological functions, such as cell fate specification, migration, or circulation through vasculature. Identifying factors that govern the mechanical properties is therefore a subject of great interest. Here, we present a mechanomics approach for establishing links between single-cell mechanical phenotype changes and the genes involved in driving them. We combine mechanical characterization of cells across a variety of mouse and human systems with machine learning-based discriminative network analysis of associated transcriptomic profiles to infer a conserved network module of five genes with putative roles in cell mechanics regulation. We validate in silico that the identified gene markers are universal, trustworthy, and specific to the mechanical phenotype across the studied mouse and human systems, and demonstrate experimentally that a selected target, CAV1, changes the mechanical phenotype of cells accordingly when silenced or overexpressed. Our data-driven approach paves the way toward engineering cell mechanical properties on demand to explore their impact on physiological and pathological cell functions.
Inhibition of microtubule detyrosination by parthenolide facilitates functional CNS axon regeneration
Authors: Leibinger Marco , Zeitler Charlotte , Paulat Miriam , Gobrecht Philipp , Hilla Alexander , Andreadaki Anastasia , Guthoff Rainer , Fischer Dietmar
Published: July 2023

Injured axons in the central nervous system (CNS) usually fail to regenerate, causing permanent disabilities. However, the knockdown of PTEN or treatment of neurons with hyper-IL-6 (hIL-6) transforms neurons into a regenerative state, allowing them to regenerate axons in the injured optic nerve and spinal cord. Transneuronal delivery of hIL-6 to the injured brain stem neurons even enables functional recovery after severe spinal cord injury. Here we demonstrate that the beneficial hIL-6 and PTEN knockout effects on axon growth are limited by the induction of tubulin detyrosination in axonal growth cones. Hence, cotreatment with parthenolide, a compound blocking microtubule detyrosination, synergistically accelerates neurite growth of cultured murine and primary RGCs isolated from adult human eyes. Systemic application of the prodrug dimethylamino-parthenolide (DMAPT) enables axon regeneration in the injured optic nerve and spinal cord. Moreover, combinatorial treatment further improves hIL-6 induced axon regeneration and locomotor recovery after severe SCI. Thus, DMAPT facilitates functional CNS regeneration and reduces the limiting effects of pro-regenerative treatments, making it a promising drug candidate for treating CNS injuries.Injured axons in the CNS usually fail to regenerate, causing permanent disabilities. No clinically approved drugs are currently available to improve or accelerate axon regeneration. We demonstrate that pro-regenerative treatments’ induced tubulin detyrosination in axonal growth cones limits axon growth. Hence, cotreatment with parthenolide, a compound blocking detyrosination, synergistically accelerates neurite growth of primary murine and, demonstrated for the first time,
human
retinal ganglion cells. Furthermore, systemic application of the parthenolide’s prodrug DMAPT accelerates hIL-6-mediated optic nerve regeneration and locomotor recovery after severe spinal cord injury. Thus, DMAPT facilitates functional CNS regeneration and reduces the limiting effects of pro-regenerative treatments, making it a potential (adjuvant) drug candidate for treating CNS injuries.
A statistical framework for quantifying the nuclear export rate of influenza viral mRNAs
Authors: Miura Michi , Kiuchi Naho , Lau Siu-Ying , Mok Bobo Wing-Yee , Ushirogawa Hiroshi , Naito Tadasuke , Chen Honglin , Saito Mineki
Published: July 2023

Influenza A virus transcribes viral mRNAs from the eight segmented viral genome when it infects. The kinetics of viral transcription, nuclear export of viral transcripts, and their potential variation between the eight segments are poorly characterised. Here, we introduce a statistical framework for estimating the nuclear export rate of each segment from a snapshot of in situ mRNA localisation. This exploits the cell-to-cell variation at a single time point observed by an imaging-based in situ transcriptome assay. Using our model, we revealed the variation in the mRNA nuclear export rate of the eight viral segments. Notably, the two influenza viral antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase were the slowest segments in the nuclear export, suggesting the possibility that influenza A virus uses the nuclear retention of viral transcripts to delay the expression of antigenic molecules. Our framework presented in this study can be widely used for investigating the nuclear retention of nascent transcripts produced in a transcription burst.
Molecular tuning of sea anemone stinging
Authors: He Lily S , Qi Yujia , Allard Corey AH , Valencia-Montoya Wendy A , Krueger Stephanie P , Weir Keiko , Seminara Agnese , Bellono Nicholas W
Published: July 2023

Jellyfish and sea anemones fire single-use, venom-covered barbs to immobilize prey or predators. We previously showed that the anemone
Nematostella vectensis
uses a specialized voltage-gated calcium (Ca
V
) channel to trigger stinging in response to synergistic prey-derived chemicals and touch (Weir et al., 2020). Here we use experiments and theory to find that stinging behavior is suited to distinct ecological niches. We find that the burrowing anemone
Nematostella
uses uniquely strong Ca
V
inactivation for precise control of predatory stinging. In contrast, the related anemone
Exaiptasia diaphana
inhabits exposed environments to support photosynthetic endosymbionts. Consistent with its niche,
Exaiptasia
indiscriminately stings for defense and expresses a Ca
V
splice variant that confers weak inactivation. Chimeric analyses reveal that Ca
V
β subunit adaptations regulate inactivation, suggesting an evolutionary tuning mechanism for stinging behavior. These findings demonstrate how functional specialization of ion channel structure contributes to distinct organismal behavior.
DNA methylation-environment interactions in the human genome
Authors: Johnston Rachel A. , Aracena Katherine A. , Barreiro Luis B. , Lea Amanda J. , Tung Jenny
Published: July 2023

Previously we showed that a massively parallel reporter assay, mSTARR-seq, could be used to simultaneously test for both enhancer-like activity and DNA methylation-dependent enhancer activity for millions of loci in a single experiment (Lea
et al
., 2018). Here we apply mSTARR-seq to query nearly the entire human genome, including almost all CpG sites profiled either on the commonly used Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array or via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. We show that fragments containing these sites are enriched for regulatory capacity, and that methylation-dependent regulatory activity is in turn sensitive to the cellular environment. In particular, regulatory responses to interferon alpha (IFNA) stimulation are strongly attenuated by methyl marks, indicating widespread DNA methylation-environment interactions. In agreement, methylation-dependent responses to IFNA identified via mSTARR-seq predict methylation-dependent transcriptional responses to challenge with influenza virus in human macrophages. Our observations support the idea that pre-existing DNA methylation patterns can influence the response to subsequent environmental exposures—one of the tenets of biological embedding. However, we also find that, on average, sites previously associated with early life adversity are not more likely to functionally influence gene regulation than expected by chance.
Online Biostatistics Teaching to Medical Undergraduates by Comparing Google Classroom Module with Online Lecture during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Educational Interventional Study
Authors: Jacob Sabitha Rose , Wilson Tom
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) lockdown was an opportunity for starting online medical education in Kerala, India. It was a challenge to teach the core competency biostatistics online considering the unfamiliarity and possible network issues. Aim: To assess the learning and student satisfaction of biostatistics teaching, by comparing Google classroom module and online lecture, while teaching phase-2 MBBS students. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised educational interventional study done in the Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India, from December 2020 to September 2021. A total of 89 students of phase-2 MBBS were randomly divided into two groups as online lecture group and Google classroom group and five sessions were conducted. For the lecture group, classes were conducted via Google Meet using PowerPoint presentations and for the other group, PowerPoint with audio and workedout examples were provided in Google classroom. Immediate and retention scores of academic performance and satisfaction level were assessed using Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Mann-Whitney U test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0 were done for analysis. Results: Of total 89 students participated, the mean age of the study population was 21.2±0.73, and there were 62 (69.7%) females and 37 (30.3%) males. Academic performance was similar for both groups in most of the immediate assessments, except activity on making graphs (p-value=0.001). In delayed assessment using median scores, the Google classroom group (110, IQR: 100-140) performed significantly better compared to the online lecture (100, IQR: 60-130) with (p-value=0.042). Regarding satisfaction, 68.3% of Google classroom students were satisfied, compared to 52.4% of the online lecture group. The flexibility to learn at own place, pace, and time was the main advantage of the Google classroom, while the need for self-motivation was the disadvantage. Direct interaction was the advantage of online lectures and inability for simultaneous doubt clarification and to attend at fixed timing was the disadvantage. Conclusion: Online teaching of biostatistics was effective and student satisfaction level was good. Google classroom module can be considered as a supplement for traditional teaching.
Correlation of Arch Width and Vertical Facial Morphology in Untreated Adults at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumari Smita , Niranjane Priyanka , Kamble Ranjit , Taori Kushal
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The vertical dimension of a face is crucial in determining facial aesthetics and harmony. It is important for the orthodontist to understand the relationship between dental arch width and facial morphology for correct diagnosis and proper treatment plan. Aim: To determine the relationship between the vertical face pattern, dental arch width and also, to compare arch widths among both untreated female and male adults. Materials and Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The duration of the study was 1 month, from June 2019 to July 2019. Dental casts and lateral cephalograms were collected from 50 untreated adults (25 males and 25 females), aged between 18 to 30 years, who had minimal spacing, crowding and no crossbite. On every patient’s cephalogram, the angle between the plane of the mandible to the cranial base anterior Sella Nasion (SN) angle was calculated. Intercanine, intermolar, and interpremolar widths were measured on dental casts. Females and males arch width were compared. The significance of the differences was assessed using Student’s t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and regression analysis. Results: The mean age of male study participants in the study was 24.44±5.04 years, whereas, mean age of females was 24.88±3.08 years. There were 25 males and 25 females of 18-30 years with mean age of 24 and 25 years, respectively. Arch widths of males were found to be significantly greater than, those of females (p<0.05) and it was observed that, interarch width decreased significantly as the Sella Nasion-Mandibular Plane (SN-MP) angle increased. Regression analyses of male subjects revealed a significant positive relationship between the SN-MP angle. Whereas, the SN-MP angle and width of maxillary first premolar’s buccal cusp tip and the width of the second premolar (most buccal and buccal cusp tip), was found to have a strong correlation in female subjects. Conclusion: It was found that, the width of the dental arch is related to vertical face morphology and gender. During orthodontic therapy, it is recommended to use individualised archwires based on each individual’s pretreatment arch shape and width.
Diluted Home Bleach as a Preprocedural Mouthrinse Prior to Ultrasonic Scaling: A Non Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Kizhakkel Jom T , Baiju RM , Beevi N Raseena
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The benefit of mouth rinsing with an antiseptic prior to aerosol generating dental procedures has been reported and widely accepted. Chlorhexidine (CHX), the widely employed antiseptic mouthrinse is not without side effects. Diluted home bleach (sodium hypochlorite) has been in use as an antiseptic mouthrinse and its role in plaque control is well documented. It is safe, less expensive and readily available. Aim: To compare the aerosol microbial load after ultrasonic scaling between three preprocedural rinses namely 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (diluted home bleach), 0.2% CHX and distilled water. Materials and Methods: A non randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Postgraduate Clinic, Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Kottayam and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India, from April 2021 to September 2021. Study included sixty systemically healthy adults {Full-mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) and Full-mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS) >25%, with atleast one periodontal pocket >4 mm in each quadrant} who were divided into three groups of 20 receiving diluted home bleach, CHX or distilled water, respectively as preprocedural rinse. Subjects rinsed 15 mL of solution for 30 seconds, 10 minutes prior to ultrasonic scaling. Blood agar plates kept at patient’s chest and doctor’s chest locations to collect aerosols were incubated for 48 hours and microbial Colony Forming Units (CFUs) counted. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the amount of CFUs at the two sites between three groups. Independent t-tests were used to compare the intragroup CFU counts between two sites. Results: The mean age of group A, group B and group C was 45.15±7.01 years, 41.9±9.96 years and 43.2±7.93 years, respectively. There were 13 males and 7 females, 7 males and 13 females and, 11 males and 9 females in group A, group B and group C, respectively. There were more CFUs in patient’s chest location sample compared to doctor’s chest location in all three mouthrinse groups. For Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), mean difference was 43.850 (95% CI 15.2-72.4), for CHX 45.800 (95% CI 25.9-65.6), for distilled water 56.650 (95 % CI 20.2-93.0), respectively which were statistically significant (p-value<0.05). The home bleach and CHX groups showed significantly fewer CFUs than distilled water on both locations. On comparison with CHX, diluted home bleach demonstrated fewer CFUs, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Diluted home bleach and CHX preprocedural rinses were comparable in terms of CFU counts in dental aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling. Diluted home bleach mouthrinse is safe, economical and readily available in every house hold.