bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese Academic Library Services: A Web Survey
Authors: Liu Guoying
Published: February 2017

Chinese students form a significant population on Canadian university campuses. Literature indicates that these students face various challenges when using library services to meet their information needs. Canadian academic libraries need to better understand this group’s previous library experiences in China to help them address these challenges. A survey was conducted on the main library websites of all thirty- nine Chinese universities of the Project 985, a project initiated by Chinese government to found world class universities in China. It reveals that certain services reported as challenges for Chinese students by previous studies, such as: interlibrary loan, document delivery, reference services, and library instructions are popular in Chinese academic libraries; however, subject services, data services, and some other services are not as well established compared to their counterparts in Canada.
eBook Service in Shanghai Library
Authors: Zhou Qing
Published: February 2017

In the 21st century, with the rapid development of mobile Internet, people's reading habits have started shifting from the traditional paper-based media, to completely new media such as cell phones, eBook readers, tablet PCs and so on. "Shanghai Library’s Urban Digital Reading Service Platform" integrates all types of collections of digital resources to support eBook readers, tablet PCs, smart phones and other types ofmobiledevices. Thisplatformprovidesaconvenient,low-costandfriendlylearninginterfacetoonline users, providing one of the best reading experiences. This also creates a one-stop public library reading platform, and meets the reader’s need for reading on the go. By investigating and researching libraries’ experiences and requirements for digital reading platforms and its internationalization service, this paper will discuss its further development.
Syömishäiriöpotilaiden ravitsemushoidon potilastyytyväisyyskysely – kehittäminen ja pilotointi
Authors: Kalaoja Leija-Lotta , Sinikallio Sanna , Nuutinen Outi
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää syömishäiriöpotilaiden ravitsemushoidon potilastyytyväisyyskysely,jota ravitsemusterapeutit voivat käyttää arvioidakseen ja kehittääkseen ravitsemushoidon laatua. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli myös selvittää potilastyytyväisyyskyselyn käytettävyyttä sekä syömishäiriöpotilaiden tyytyväisyyttä ravitsemushoitoon. Potilastyytyväisyyskysely kehitettiin hyödyntäen kirjallisuutta ja syömishäiriöpotilaita hoitavien ravitsemusterapeuttien (n=4) teemahaastatteluja, joissa löydettiin viisi syömishäiriön laadukkaan ravitsemushoidon järjestelyyn ja toteutukseen liittyvää osatekijää: hoidon järjestelyt, ravitsemusterapeutin valmiudet, ohjauksen asiasisältö, sen tunneulottuvuus ja toteutustapa. Kysymyslomake kattaa em. osatekijät ja sisältää yhteensä 32 suljettua ja kolme avointa kysymystä. Kyselylomakkeeseen vastasi 22 iältään 13–57-vuotiasta syömishäiriöpotilasta kahdeksasta eri terveydenhuollon yksiköstä eri puolelta Suomea. Enemmistö vastanneista oli naisia (91 %) ja sairasti laihuushäiriötä (68 %). Potilastyytyväisyyskyselyyn vastanneet syömishäiriöpotilaat olivat keskimäärin hyvin tyytyväisiä ravitsemusterapeutin toteuttamaan ravitsemushoitoon. Potilastyytyväisyyskyselyn toimivuuden arvioimiseksi kehitettiin käyttötyytyväisyyskysely, johon vastasi seitsemän ravitsemusterapeuttia ja 19 syömishäiriöpotilasta. Sekä ravitsemusterapeutit että potilaat pitivät tutkimuksessa kehitettyä potilastyytyväisyyskyselyä tärkeitä teemoja mittaavana ja kattavana. Tosin ravitsemusterapeutit kokivat kyselyn pituuden rajoittavan sen käytettävyyttä potilastyössä. Ravitsemusterapeuttien mielestä potilastyytyväisyyskysely olisi hyödyksi oman työn kehittämisessä ja he olisivat myös halukkaita käyttämään sitä työssään.
Kolme polkua huono-osaisuuteen – oikeuspsykiatristen potilaiden laitosurat, yhteiskunnallinen asema ja paranoidisuus
Authors: Törölä Miisa , Töttö Pertti
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin 1) millaisiin ryhmiin oikeuspsykiatriset potilaat jakautuvat hoito- ja rikosrekisterihistoriansa perusteella, 2) millaisia eroja näiden ryhmien välillä on lapsuuden ja aikuisuuden huono-osaisuudessa sekä paranoidisuuden diagnosoinnin yleisyydessä ja 3) onko lapsuuden ja aikuisuuden huono-osaisuuden indikaattoreiden välisissä yhteyksissä ryhmäkohtaisia eroja. Aineiston (n=218) lähteinä ovat 2000-luvulla mielentilatutkimuksessa olleiden ja tahdosta riippumattomaan hoitoon määrättyjen henkilöiden 1) mielentilatutkimuslausuntoja, 2) Terveydenhuollon hoitoilmoitusrekisterin psykiatristen sairaalahoitojaksojen tietoja ja 3) aiempien rikosten ja rangaistusjaksojen tietoja. Laitoshoitourat ja niihin liittyvät tilastolliset yhteydet on analysoitu latentin luokittelu- ja polkumallianalyysin avulla. Potilaat jakautuvat kolmeen ryhmään aikaisemman psykiatrisen hoidon ja rikosseuraamusten perusteella. Mielenterveyspotilaiden ryhmä (n=79) profiloituu työmarkkinoiden ulkopuolella oleviksi ja aikaisemmin psykiatriseen sairaalahoitoon tukeutuneiksi henkilöiksi. Rikostaustaisten ryhmän (n=79) muodostavat toistuvasti rikosseuraamusjaksoilla ja psykiatrisessa sairaalahoidossa olleet henkilöt. Ryhmän jäsenyys on yhteydessä pitkittyneeseen huono-osaisuuteen ja paranoidiseksi arvioimiseen. Näkymättömien ryhmän (n=60) muodostavat henkilöt, joiden mahdollinen psykiatrinen hoito on rajautunut avohoitoon. Noin kolmannes oikeuspsykiatrian potilaista on elänyt jo lapsena huono-osaisessa asemassa, ja heidän käyttäytymistään on arvioitu poikkeavaksi sekä rikosoikeudellisin että lääketieteellisin kriteerein.
PERHITUNGAN BEBAN PENYUSUTAN DAN NILAI BUKU AKTIVA TETAP DENGAN PROGRAM QUICK-BASIC
Authors: Herlambang Yudha
Published: February 2017

Dalam karya tulisan kali ini penulis akan mengulas seputar masalah yang terkait dengan depresiasi aktiva tetap. misalkan : perhitungan beban depresiasi, akumulasi depresiasi serta nilai buku setiap tahunnya. Namun pada kesempatan ini, penulis akan berusaha menurunkan perumusan secara singkat untuk menghitung akumulasi depresiasi dan nilai buku dari aktiva yang disusutkan tersebut untuk dibandingkan bila kita memakai cara pentabelan seperti yang kita dapatkan pada kebanyakan buku literatur akuntansi. Kemudian dari rumus singkat yang telah diturunkan oleh penulis akan diterjemahkan dalam bentuk instruksi-instruksi / perintah (listing program) ke dalam bahasa pemro-graman komputer Qbasic yang diharapkan dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat perhitungan serta dapat dipergunakan oleh banyak kalangan. Penulis telah merancang suatu listing program yang mana user (pemakai) komputer tinggal menginputkan nilai perolehan, estimasi usia, kapasitas output serta nilai residu aktiva tetap yang akan dihitung penyusutannya.
The effects of reduced rpd3 levels on fly physiology
Authors: Woods Jared K. , Ziafazeli Tahereh , Rogina Blanka
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Rpd3 is a conserved histone deacetylase that removes acetyl groups from lysine residues within histones and other proteins. Reduction or inhibition of Rpd3 extends longevity in yeast, worms, and flies. Previous studies in flies suggest an overlap with the mechanism of lifespan extension by dietary restriction. However, the mechanism of rpd3’s effects on longevity remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES: In this study we investigated how rpd3 reduction affects fly spontaneous physical activity, fecundity, and stress resistance.

METHODS: We examined the effects of rpd3 reduction on fly spontaneous physical activity by using population monitors, we determined female fecundity by counting daily egg laying, and we determined fly survivorship in response to starvation and paraquat.

RESULTS: In flies, rpd3 reduction increases peak spontaneous physical activity of rpd3 def male flies at a young age but does not affect total 24 hour activity. Male and female rpd3 def mutants are more resistant to starvation on low and high calorie diets. In addition, increased resistance to paraquat was observed in females of one allele. A decrease in rpd3 levels does not affect female fecundity.

CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in rpd3 levels mirrors some but not all changes associated with calorie restriction, illustrated by an increased peak of spontaneous activity in rpd3 def/+ heterozygous male flies but no effect on total spontaneous activity and fecundity.
Assessing the effectiveness of topical betamethasone to treat chronic chilblains: a randomised clinical trial in primary care
Authors: Souwer Ibo H , Bor Jacobus HJ , Smits Paul , Lagro-Janssen Antoine LM
Published: February 2017

Background

GPs prescribe topical corticosteroids to patients with chronic chilblains despite poor evidence for their effectiveness. The authors of the current study therefore decided to assess the effectiveness of topical steroids in a primary care setting.

Aim

To assess the effectiveness of topical application of betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream in patients with chronic chilblains.

Design and setting

A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, randomised clinical trial in a Dutch primary care setting.

Method

The study population consisted of 34 participants suffering from chronic chilblains. Intervention was topical application of betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream twice a day for 6 weeks compared with placebo. Primary outcome was the visual analogue scale on complaints (VOC). Secondary outcome was the visual analogue scale on disability (VOD). Both were assessed with a diary of daily scores on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. The authors took ambient temperatures into account, checked for a carry-over effect, performed additional analysis, and monitored adverse effects.

Results

On the primary outcome mean VOC, there was a difference of 0.56 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.88 to 3.99 mm) in favour of placebo (P = 0.744). On the secondary outcome mean VOD, there was a difference of 0.88 mm (95% CI = −2.22 to 3.98 mm) in favour of placebo (P = 0.567). This study found no carry-over effect and no adverse effects.

Conclusion

In this study, topical betamethasone was not superior to placebo in the treatment of chronic chilblains. Topical betamethasone should not be used for chronic chilblains without new evidence.
Les Apions de France : clés d'identification commentées (Coleoptera Curculionidae Apioninae)
Authors: Ehret Jean-Marie
Published: February 2017

Ce travail permet de déterminer les espèces françaises de la sous-famille des Apioninae, auxquelles ont été ajoutées quelques espèces dont la présence en France est possible ou douteuse. Pour chaque espèce, la synonymie, la répartition et les plantes-hôtes sont précisées.
Catalogue commenté et étude bibliographique des Coléoptères Cerambycidae du département de l'Hérault
Authors: Sudre Jérôme , Foucart Antoine , Cocquempot Christian
Published: February 2017

Une première partie présente les principaux artisans de l'étude des Cerambycidae qui se sont succédés en Languedoc : Jules et Jean Lichtenstein, Charles Marquet, Valéry Mayet, Henri Lavagne, François Picard et Léon Schaefer. Des nouvelles informations sont données sur la biographie d' H. Lavagne et L. Schaefer. Une brève présentation biogéographique de l'Hérault précède la liste commentée des 160 espèces recensées à ce jour. Une seconde liste donne les noms de 25 espèces absentes de notre recensement mais dont la présence est probable dans le département et qui portent le potentiel de l'Hérault à 185 espèces. Ces listes sont établies sur la base de notes manuscrites inédites de V. Mayet et H. Lavagne et par l'étude d'une imposante bibliographie dont plus d'une centaine de références (75 rien que pour L. Schaefer) sont étroitement liées à l'Hérault. Elles sont complétées par les observations des auteurs et les informations issues de la consultation de collections institutionnelles et privées. La conclusion fournit des informations sur diverses espèces dont la présence dans l'Hérault est invalidée ou ne peut être totalement exclue.
Pre-S2 Mutant-Induced Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signal Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Teng Chiao-Fang , Wu Han-Chieh , Shyu Woei-Cherng , Jeng Long-Bin , Su Ih-Jen
Published: February 2017

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pre-S2 mutant represents an HBV oncoprotein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and manifests as type II ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs). Pre-S2 mutant can induce ER stress and initiate multiple ER stress-dependent or -independent cellular signal pathways, leading to growth advantage of type II GGH. Importantly, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathways are consistently activated throughout the liver tumorigenesis in pre-S2 mutant transgenic mice and in human HCC tissues, leading to hepatocyte proliferation, metabolic disorders, and HCC tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the pre-S2 mutant-induced mTOR signal pathways and its implications in HBV-related HCC tumorigenesis. Clinically, the presence of pre-S2 mutant exhibits a high resistance to antiviral treatment and carries a high risk of HCC development in patients with chronic HBV infection. Targeting at pre-S2 mutant-induced mTOR signal pathways may thus provide potential strategies for the prevention or therapy of HBV-associated HCC.
Identification of downy mildew resistance gene candidates by positional cloning in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays; Poaceae)
Authors: Kim Jae Yoon , Moon Jun‐Cheol , Kim Hyo Chul , Shin Seungho , Song Kitae , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Lee Byung‐Moo
Published: February 2017

Premise of the study:

Positional cloning in combination with phenotyping is a general approach to identify disease‐resistance gene candidates in plants; however, it requires several time‐consuming steps including population or fine mapping. Therefore, in the present study, we suggest a new combined strategy to improve the identification of disease‐resistance gene candidates.

Methods and Results:

Downy mildew (DM)–resistant maize was selected from five cultivars using a spreader row technique. Positional cloning and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the DM‐resistance quantitative trait locus marker (bnlg1702) and 47 protein‐coding gene annotations. Eventually, five DM‐resistance gene candidates, including bZIP34, Bak1, and Ppr, were identified by quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) without fine mapping of the bnlg1702 locus.

Conclusions:

The combined protocol with the spreader row technique, quantitative trait locus positional cloning, and quantitative RT‐PCR was effective for identifying DM‐resistance candidate genes. This cloning approach may be applied to other whole‐genome‐sequenced crops or resistance to other diseases.
Alma Observations of Massive Molecular Gas Filaments Encasing Radio Bubbles in the Phoenix Cluster
Authors: Russell H. R. , McDonald M. , McNamara B. R. , Fabian A. C. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Bayliss M. B. , Benson B. A. , Brodwin M. , Carlstrom J. E. , Edge A. C. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Marrone D. P. , Reichardt C. L. , Vieira J. D.
Published: February 2017

We report new ALMA observations of the CO(3-2) line emission from the

molecular gas reservoir in the central galaxy of the Phoenix cluster. The cold molecular gas is fueling a vigorous starburst at a rate of

and powerful black hole activity in the forms of both intense quasar radiation and radio jets. The radio jets have inflated huge bubbles filled with relativistic plasma into the hot, X-ray atmospheres surrounding the host galaxy. The ALMA observations show that extended filaments of molecular gas, each

long with a mass of several billion solar masses, are located along the peripheries of the radio bubbles. The smooth velocity gradients and narrow line widths along each filament reveal massive, ordered molecular gas flows around each bubble, which are inconsistent with gravitational free-fall. The molecular clouds have been lifted directly by the radio bubbles, or formed via thermal instabilities induced in low-entropy gas lifted in the updraft of the bubbles. These new data provide compelling evidence for close coupling between the radio bubbles and the cold gas, which is essential to explain the self-regulation of feedback. The very feedback mechanism that heats hot atmospheres and suppresses star formation may also paradoxically stimulate production of the cold gas required to sustain feedback in massive galaxies.
Multiplicity among Solar-type Stars
Authors: Fuhrmann K. , Chini R. , Kaderhandt L. , Chen Z.
Published: February 2017

We present a multiplicity census for a volume-complete all-sky survey of 422 stars with distances less than 25 pc and primary main-sequence effective temperatures T
eff ≥ 5300 K. Very similar to previous results that have been presented for various subsets of this survey, we confirm the positive correlation of the stellar multiplicities with primary mass. We find for the F- and G-type Population I stars that 58% are non-single and 21% are in triple or higher level systems. For the old intermediate-disk and Population II stars—virtually all of G type and less massive—even two out of three sources prove to be non-single. These numbers being lower limits because of the continuous flow of new discoveries, the unbiased survey clearly demonstrates that the standard case for solar-type field stars is a hydrogen-burning source with at least one ordinary or degenerate stellar companion, and a surprisingly large number of stars are organized in multiple systems. A principal consequence is that orbital evolution, including the formation of blue straggler stars, is a potentially important issue on all spatial scales and timescales for a significant percentage of the stellar systems, in particular among Population II stars. We discuss a number of recent observations of known or suspected companions in the local survey, including a new detection of a double-lined Ba-Bb subsystem to the visual binary HR 8635.
Quantifying Environmental and Line-of-sight Effects in Models of Strong Gravitational Lens Systems
Authors: McCully Curtis , Keeton Charles R. , Wong Kenneth C. , Zabludoff Ann I.
Published: February 2017

Matter near a gravitational lens galaxy or projected along the line of sight (LOS) can affect strong lensing observables by more than contemporary measurement errors. We simulate lens fields with realistic three-dimensional mass configurations (self-consistently including voids), and then fit mock lensing observables with increasingly complex lens models to quantify biases and uncertainties associated with different ways of treating the lens environment (ENV) and LOS. We identify the combination of mass, projected offset, and redshift that determines the importance of a perturbing galaxy for lensing. Foreground structures have a stronger effect on the lens potential than background structures, due to nonlinear effects in the foreground and downweighting in the background. There is dramatic variation in the net strength of ENV/LOS effects across different lens fields; modeling fields individually yields stronger priors for H
0 than ray tracing through N-body simulations. Models that ignore mass outside the lens yield poor fits and biased results. Adding external shear can account for tidal stretching from galaxies at redshifts

, but it requires corrections for external convergence and cannot reproduce nonlinear effects from foreground galaxies. Using the tidal approximation is reasonable for most perturbers as long as nonlinear redshift effects are included. Even then, the scatter in H
0 is limited by the lens profile degeneracy. Asymmetric image configurations produced by highly elliptical lens galaxies are less sensitive to the lens profile degeneracy, so they offer appealing targets for precision lensing analyses in future surveys like LSST and Euclid.
Sparse Reconstruction of Electric Fields from Radial Magnetic Data
Authors: Yeates Anthony R.
Published: February 2017

Accurate estimates of the horizontal electric field on the Sun’s visible surface are important not only for estimating the Poynting flux of magnetic energy into the corona but also for driving time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic models of the corona. In this paper, a method is developed for estimating the horizontal electric field from a sequence of radial-component magnetic field maps. This problem of inverting Faraday’s law has no unique solution. Unfortunately, the simplest solution (a divergence-free electric field) is not realistically localized in regions of nonzero magnetic field, as would be expected from Ohm’s law. Our new method generates instead a localized solution, using a basis pursuit algorithm to find a sparse solution for the electric field. The method is shown to perform well on test cases where the input magnetic maps are flux balanced in both Cartesian and spherical geometries. However, we show that if the input maps have a significant imbalance of flux—usually arising from data assimilation—then it is not possible to find a localized, realistic, electric field solution. This is the main obstacle to driving coronal models from time sequences of solar surface magnetic maps.
VULCAN: An Open-source, Validated Chemical Kinetics Python Code for Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Authors: Tsai Shang-Min , Lyons James R. , Grosheintz Luc , Rimmer Paul B. , Kitzmann Daniel , Heng Kevin
Published: February 2017

We present an open-source and validated chemical kinetics code for studying hot exoplanetary atmospheres, which we name VULCAN. It is constructed for gaseous chemistry from 500 to 2500 K, using a reduced C–H–O chemical network with about 300 reactions. It uses eddy diffusion to mimic atmospheric dynamics and excludes photochemistry. We have provided a full description of the rate coefficients and thermodynamic data used. We validate VULCAN by reproducing chemical equilibrium and by comparing its output versus the disequilibrium-chemistry calculations of Moses et al. and Rimmer & Helling. It reproduces the models of HD 189733b and HD 209458b by Moses et al., which employ a network with nearly 1600 reactions. We also use VULCAN to examine the theoretical trends produced when the temperature–pressure profile and carbon-to-oxygen ratio are varied. Assisted by a sensitivity test designed to identify the key reactions responsible for producing a specific molecule, we revisit the quenching approximation and find that it is accurate for methane but breaks down for acetylene, because the disequilibrium abundance of acetylene is not directly determined by transport-induced quenching, but is rather indirectly controlled by the disequilibrium abundance of methane. Therefore we suggest that the quenching approximation should be used with caution and must always be checked against a chemical kinetics calculation. A one-dimensional model atmosphere with 100 layers, computed using VULCAN, typically takes several minutes to complete. VULCAN is part of the Exoclimes Simulation Platform (ESP; exoclime.net) and publicly available at https://github.com/exoclime/VULCAN.
Elevated Pre-Treatment IL-18 Level is associated with HBeAg Seroconversion in HIV-HBV Coinfection
Authors: Li Yijia , Xie Jing , Wang Huanling , Han Yang , Wang Nidan , Thio Chloe L , Li Taisheng
Published: February 2017

Background

In HBV-infected patients, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is associated with better outcomes. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) controls hepatitis B replication in a mouse model. However, its role in treatment response in HIV–HBV-coinfected patients is unknown.

Methods

We enrolled 35 treatment-naive, HBeAg-positive, HIV–HBV-coinfected patients. HBV DNA, HIV RNA, CD4+ T-cell count, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) quantification (qHBsAg), HBeAg quantification (qHBeAg) and IL-18 levels were measured prior to, at 24 and 48 weeks of HBV-active combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to determine factors associated with HBeAg seroconversion.

Results

Twenty-one patients received tenofovir (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) based cART while 14 patients received 3TC-based cART. After 48 weeks of treatment, 10 patients experienced HBeAg seroconversion. Compared with non-seroconverters, seroconverters had higher median HIV RNA (5.22 versus 4.58 log copies/ml; P=0.030), lower median qHBsAg (3.97 versus 4.76 log IU/ml; P=0.011), lower median qHBeAg (1.61 versus 3.01 log PEIU/ml; P=0.004) and marginally higher median IL-18 (2.70 versus 2.53 log pg/ml; P=0.068) prior to ART. In the multivariate regression, higher baseline IL-18 (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.99 per 1 log pg/ml increase; P=0.035), high HIV RNA (aRR 1.84 per 1 log copies/ml; P=0.029) and low qHBeAg (aRR 0.71 per 1 log PEIU/ml; P=0.029) were significantly associated with HBeAg seroconversion.

Conclusions

In HIV–HBV-coinfected patients with HBeAg positivity, higher IL-18 levels, HIV RNA load, as well as low qHBeAg prior to cART were associated with HBeAg seroconversion.
Using Twitter in Higher Education in Spain and the USA
Authors: Tur Gemma , Marín-Juarros Victoria , Carpenter Jeffrey
Published: February 2017

This article examines student and teachers’ use and perceptions of Twitter, based on a mixed-method comparative approach. Participants (N=153) were education majors who used Twitter as a part of required coursework in their programs at two universities in Spain and the United States. The theoretical background covers research on international work carried out on Twitter as well as a brief overview of the introduction of technology in two educational national systems. Quantitative data were collected via a survey, while qualitative data were obtained from students’ reflective written texts. The majority of participants from both contexts perceived educational benefits to Twitter. However, their use of Twitter, and the nature of their perceptions of its educational value, appeared to differ in important ways. The U.S. participants’ longer and more frequent use of Twitter was accompanied by more positive beliefs regarding the educational relevance of Twitter. While many Spanish participants saw value in the use of Twitter to find and share information, U.S. students highlighted interactive and collaborative uses. The study uncovers some challenges for learning related to Twitter’s short format. In the conclusion section we discuss implications for learning and teaching in an age of ubiquitous social media.

El presente artículo examina los usos y las percepciones de estudiantes y profesores en relación a Twitter a partir de una investigación comparada con metodologías mixtas. Los participantes (n=153) fueron alumnos de educación de dos universidades en España y EEUU que usaron Twitter como parte de una actividad del curso. El marco teórico abarca la investigación internacional sobre Twitter así como un breve repaso a la introducción de la tecnología en los dos sistemas educativos nacionales. Los datos cuantitativos se recogieron con un cuestionario mientras que los datos cualitativos se obtuvieron a través de los textos reflexivos escritos de los estudiantes. La mayoría de los participantes de los dos contextos percibieron los beneficios educativos de Twitter. Sin embargo, su uso de Twitter y la naturaleza de sus percepciones en relación a su valor educativo, difirió de maneras importantes. Los participantes de EEUU usaron Twitter por más tiempo y de manera más frecuente a la vez que demostraron creencias más positivas en relación a la relevancia educativa de Twitter. Mientras que los participantes españoles valoraron el uso de Twitter para encontrar y compartir información, los estudiantes americanos destacaron los usos para la interacción y la colaboración. El estudio destapa algunos retos del formato breve de Twitter para el aprendizaje. En las conclusiones discutimos las implicaciones para la enseñanza aprendizaje en la era de la ubicuidad de los medios sociales.
The role of original version cinema into the European digital space
Authors: Ledo-Andión Margarita , López-Gómez Antía , Castelló-Mayo Enrique
Published: February 2017

This paper reports the results derived from the research project, entitled “eDCINEMA: Towards the European Digital Space. The role of small cinemas in original version” (CSO2012-35784), which focused on the analysis of the role of movies in OV/OVS in achieving diversity of languages and cultures (as viewed from the European Digital Agenda) as well as Community policies on the promotion of small cinemas in the European digital space. The current study is based on a methodological triangulation, a transnational exchange of information between 62 European experts and a multistage organization, which included: a critical review of the scarce essay writing and profuse Community rules, in-depth interviews with international experts and a design and implementation of a prospective Delphi questionnaire. One of the most remarkable research results is summarized as an indicator of the conflict between the clearly demonstrated OV influences to make progress towards achieving the ideal of a real language diversity, and Community-wide application of packages of random measures, which often leads to lack of expected results. Consequently, the study suggests a strategic reorientation of the European Audiovisual Model toward further exploitation of its 24 languages, on the role of vernacular and not just as vehicular languages, and eventually as guarantors in the process of reliable access to cultural and scientific repertoires.

El presente trabajo pormenoriza los resultados de la investigación «eDCinema: Hacia el espacio digital europeo, el papel de las cinematografías pequeñas en versión original» (CSO2012-35784), orientada al análisis del rol que el cine en VO/VOS desempeña en la consecución de la diversidad lingüística y cultural contemplada en la Agenda Digital Europea, así como del encaje normativo de las cinematografías de pequeñas dimensiones en el espacio digital europeo. La triangulación múltiple del proyecto pivota sobre un planteamiento pluridisciplinar, basado en un intercambio transnacional de conocimientos dimanantes de un panel de 62 expertos europeos, así como en un pautado polietápico que incluye: revisión crítica de la escasa literatura ensayística y de la profusa normativa comunitaria, realización de entrevistas en profundidad a expertos y diseño y aplicación de un cuestionario prospectivo Delphi. Entre los resultados del estudio destaca el hecho paradójico de que, frente a la contrastada relevancia del acceso a contenidos en VO como complemento indispensable de la cohesión cultural europea y de la consecución del ideal de diversidad lingüística, la UE continúa implementando paquetes de medidas de carácter aleatorio, fragmentario y contingente que, en general, abocan a una sistémica ausencia de resultados. Consecuentemente, se recomienda una reorientación estratégica del modelo audiovisual europeo a la explotación de sus 24 lenguas, en su condición vernácula y no sólo vehicular, como garantes del acceso fidedigno a vastos repertorios culturales o científicos.
Effects of Cementing on Ligament Balance During Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chow Jimmy , Wang Kevin , Elson Leah , Anderson Christopher , Roche Martin
Published: February 2017

Complications related to joint imbalance may contribute to some of the most predominant modes of failure in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). These complications include instability, aseptic loosening, asymmetric component wear, and idiopathic pain. Fixation may represent a step that introduces unchecked variability into the procedure and may contribute to the incidence of joint imbalance-related complications. The ability to quantify in vivo loading in the medial and lateral compartments would allow for the ability to confirm balance after fixation and prior to wound closure. This retrospective study sought to capture any variability and imbalance associated with cementing technique. A total of 93 patients underwent sensor-assisted TKA. All patients were confirmed to have quantifiably balanced joints prior to cementation. After cementing and final component placement, the sensor was reinserted into the joint to capture any cementation-induced changes in loading. Imbalance was observed in 44% of patients after cementation. There was no difference in the proportion of imbalance due to surgeon experience (
P
=.456), cement type (
P
=.429), or knee system (
P
=.792). A majority of knees exhibited loading increase in the medial compartment. It was concluded that cementation technique contributes to a significant amount of balance-related variability at the fixation stage of the procedure. The use of the sensor in this study allowed for the correction of all instances of imbalance prior to closure. More objective methods of balance verification may be important for ensuring optimal surgical outcomes. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):e455–e459.]
Relationships Between Spatial Contrast Sensitivity and Parafoveal Cone Density in Normal Subjects and Patients With Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Hirota Masakazu , Morimoto Takeshi , Kanda Hiroyuki , Lohmann Tibor Karl , Miyagawa Suguru , Endo Takao , Miyoshi Tomomitsu , Fujikado Takashi
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the relationship between spatial contrast sensitivity (CS) and parafoveal cone density (PCD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Fifteen healthy individuals (mean age: 26.1 years ± 4.5 years) and nine patients with hereditary retinal degeneration (mean age: 31.6 years ± 13.4 years) without media opacities were studied. The CS was measured by CSV-1000 (VectorVision, Greenville, OH). The cone mosaic was photographed with an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) with a 1° × 1° field of view centered on the fovea. The PCD was calculated in an annular area with radii of 0.38° and 0.43°. The CS was converted to the logarithm (logCS), and the area under the logCS function (AULCSF) was determined.

RESULTS:

The AULCSF was significantly and positively correlated with the PCD in the control (R
2
= 0.522;
P
= .003) and retinal degeneration (R
2
= 0.514;
P
= .03) groups.

CONCLUSION:

PCD can predict the spatial contrast sensitivity in normal subjects or patients with retinal degeneration without media opacities.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:106–113.]
Quantitative Analysis of En Face Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Simonett Joseph M. , Chan Errol W. , Chou Jonathan , Skondra Dimitra , Colon Daniel , Chee Caroline K. , Lingam Gopal , Fawzi Amani A.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging can be used to visualize polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) lesions in the en face plane. Here, the authors describe a novel lesion quantification technique and compare PCV lesion area measurements and morphology before and after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Volumetric SD-OCT scans in eyes with PCV before and after induction anti-VEGF therapy were retrospectively analyzed. En face SD-OCT images were generated and a pixel intensity thresholding process was used to quantify total lesion area.

RESULTS:

Thirteen eyes with PCV were analyzed. En face SD-OCT PCV lesion area quantification showed good intergrader reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.944). Total PCV lesion area was significantly reduced after anti-VEGF therapy (2.22 mm
2
vs. 2.73 mm
2
;
P
= .02). The overall geographic pattern of the branching vascular network was typically preserved.

CONCLUSION:

PCV lesion area analysis using en face SD-OCT is a reproducible tool that can quantify treatment related changes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:126–133.]
Histopathologic Analysis of the Posterior Segment for Terson's Syndrome: The GioBiopsy Technique
Authors: Giovinazzo Jerome V. , Giovinazzo Vincent J. , Iacob Codrin , Rosen Richard B. , Finger Paul T.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to report on a case of Terson's syndrome (TS) using a novel instrument and technique to harvest posterior pole pathology from a postmortem eye. A modified ocular clamp was used to remove the posterior pole from the postmortem enucleated eye. Gross photographs were taken and an ocular sample of the posterior pole was sent to The New York Eye and Ear Pathology Laboratory. TS was identified from gross pathology and histologic examinations. The case history was consistent with that diagnosis. The authors concluded that high-quality gross and histopathologic examination of the posterior pole can be obtained with this novel instrument and technique.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:170–174.]
Women and South Africa's Anti-Apartheid Struggle
Authors: Onyebadi Uche T. , Mbunyuza-Memani Lindani
Published: February 2017

Credit for South Africa's liberation from the apartheid system of government under the National Party usually goes to forces within the country, especially the African National Congress under various leaders, from Oliver Tambo to Nelson Mandela. Also mentioned in the struggle for the abolition of the racist philosophy of government are the activities of independent, black-ruled countries in Africa and sympathetic nation-states, especially in Europe. Rarely highlighted are the activities of indigenous black women who operated within and outside the apartheid-ruled enclave. This chapter uses textual analysis to explore the political agitation of one such woman, Miriam Makeba, who used her music to communicate political messages that challenged the apartheid government. Makeba produced anti-apartheid songs and held performances that mobilized suppressed black South Africans to overthrow the internal colonialism imposed by the Afrikaner ruling elite. Now dead, Makeba lived to see an independent South Africa with Nelson Mandela as its first black president.
Political Repertoires
Authors: Espada-Brignoni Teófilo , Ruiz-Alfaro Frances
Published: February 2017

Songwriting, whether creative or unoriginal, can challenge or promote the values of the dominant discourses in a particular society. Within the context of popular music, Gil Scott-Heron wrote songs that problematize official discourses about family life, the African-American experience, the government, and rappers, among other topics. Through discourse analysis, in this chapter the authors explore how songs written by Scott-Heron deal with the narrations and definitions others ascribe to the self, questioning a diversity of accounts and explanations regarding social and personal experience. Gathering ideas from Michel Foucault's and Judith Butler's notion of “subjectivation,” Kathy Popkin's considerations on “tellability,” and Enrique Pichón- Rivière's conceptualization of bonds, the authors discuss political repertoires articulated through music.
“In Toronto, Iranians and Israelis Make Music, Not War”
Authors: Lemish Noam , Lemish Peter , Sarvestani Parisa Sabet , Deutsch Dan
Published: February 2017

Engaged musicking creates enjoyable, meaningful aesthetic experiences and strengthens citizen engagement in public policy. This case study of March 2015 Converging Paths concert in Toronto, organized by the Israeli-Iranian Musical Initiative, demonstrates how acting through this worldview included political communication as a key sphere of action. Applying Mannheim's Documentary Approach, three interpretations are presented: The Objective Interpretation details what occurred. Subjective Interpretation presents analyses of organizer-composer-musicians' explanations for why and how they constructed and communicated their alternative political narrative. Documentary Interpretation explains how organizers' initiatives, including political communication, are consonant with efforts by critical communicators, conflict transformation through social change, audiotopias.
George Harrison and the Concert for Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Delwar , Aucoin James
Published: February 2017

The Concert for Bangladesh occurred on August 1, 1971, forever changing the dynamic between popular music, politics, and humanitarian aid. The concert was organized by former Beatle George Harrison, reflecting New Left political leanings. He was inspired to put on the concert by Bengali Ravi Shankar, who sought aid for victims of war and severe weather in East Pakistan, soon to become Bangladesh. The concert raised consciousness among the counterculture movement and mixed with world politics as the War of Liberation raged in the south Asia country on the Indian subcontinent.
It's Not Only Rock and Roll
Authors: Feezell Jessica T.
Published: February 2017

In today's multi-media environment, citizens receive more politically- and socially-charged messages than ever before. Yet our understanding of how media messages shape political attitudes is limited to a narrow set of sources, such as campaign ads and news coverage. Drawing on research in public opinion and political communication, this research examines a highly pervasive form of communication that often has overt political content, yet one that has been largely overlooked by scholars: music. Measured through an original survey (N = 888), findings show that music genre preferences are significant predictors of key political attitudes, even when controlling for other known influences such as demographic factors and partisanship. Additionally, findings show that the mechanism of influence is not through direct exposure to the content of the music (i.e., the lyrics), but rather through the listener's association with the genre and group-level norms.
Musical Messages
Authors: Satti Mohamed A.
Published: February 2017

This research analyzes the political content in Sudanese music. The aim is to scrutinize and interpret the meaning of such political content and to place it in a historical context of the country's post-independence history. The songs of some of Sudan's most respected musicians of the current era such as Mohamed Al Amin, Abdel Karim Al Kabli and Mohamed Wardi are examined. Guided by framing analysis, the study employs six framing devices: nationalist/patriotic, responsibility, loyalty/allegiance, assimilation, ethnocentric and superiority frame. The aim of the investigation is to deconstruct the content of nationalistic songs to fully appreciate the roles they play in both popular culture and in the political arena. Results suggest that Sudanese popular music is high in nationalistic/patriotic and loyalty/allegiance but low in assimilation content. Results also indicate that Sudan's post-independence history is rich with songs that reflect the country's political situation.
Lyrics of Protest
Authors: Gakahu Nancy
Published: February 2017

The history of Kenya is loaded with continuous moments when music played a key role in expressing various issues in the country. Music is one of the most important modes through which ordinary Kenyans express their wishes, identity, frustrations and aspirations. For a long time, freedom of speech in Kenya, especially on issues touching political injustice had been curtailed. However, musicians in Kenya offered an alternative means of challenging the political status quo in the country by use of musical lyrics which address injustices directly or metaphorically. What is the place of music in Kenya's political landscape? Has political music in Kenya made a difference in governance and in educating the masses on their political and social rights? Have political songs helped change the political and social climate in Kenya? These issues are examined in this chapter.
Data Classification
Authors: Abdullah A. Sheik , Suganya R. , Selvakumar S. , Rajaram S.
Published: February 2017

Classification is considered to be the one of the data analysis technique which can be used over many applications. Classification model predicts categorical continuous class labels. Clustering mainly deals with grouping of variables based upon similar characteristics. Classification models are experienced by comparing the predicted values to that of the known target values in a set of test data. Data classification has many applications in business modeling, marketing analysis, credit risk analysis; biomedical engineering and drug retort modeling. The extension of data analysis and classification makes the insight into big data with an exploration to processing and managing large data sets. This chapter deals with various techniques, methodologies that correspond to the classification problem in data analysis process and its methodological impacts to big data.
Ethics of Social Media Research
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: February 2017

Over the last decade, social media platforms have become a very popular channel of communication. This popularity has sparked an increasing interest among researchers to investigate the social media communication. Many studies have been done that collected the publicly available social media communication data to unearth significant patterns. However, one significant concern raised over such practice is the privacy of the individual's social media communication data. As such it is important that specific ethical guidelines are in place for future researches on social media sites. This chapter explores various ethical issues related to researches related to social networking sites. The chapter also provides a set of ethical guidelines that future researches on social media sites can use to address various ethical issues.
Seismic Assessment and Retrofitting of an Under-Designed RC Frame Through a Displacement-Based Approach
Authors: Valente Marco , Milani Gabriele
Published: February 2017

Many existing reinforced concrete buildings were designed in Southern European countries before the introduction of modern seismic codes and thus they are potentially vulnerable to earthquakes. Consequently, simplified methodologies for the seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures are required. In this study, a displacement based procedure using non-linear static analyses is applied to a four-storey RC frame in order to obtain an initial estimation of the overall inadequacy of the original structure as well as the extent of different retrofitting interventions. Accurate numerical models are developed to reproduce the seismic response of the RC frame in the original configuration. The effectiveness of three different retrofitting solutions countering structural deficiencies of the RC frame is examined through the displacement based approach. Non-linear dynamic analyses are performed to assess and compare the seismic response of the frame in the original and retrofitted configurations.
Single-Run Adaptive Pushover Procedure for Shear Wall Structures
Authors: Atik Malik , Sadek Marwan , Shahrour Isam
Published: February 2017

This chapter proposes a new single-run adaptive pushover method for the seismic assessment of shear wall structures. This method offers two main advantages: it does not require decomposing the structure in nonlinear domain and it avoids the pitfall of previous single-run adaptive pushover analyses in utilizing the modal combination in the determination of the applied loads instead of combining the response quantities induced by those loads in individual modes. After a brief review of the main adaptive pushover procedures, the proposed method is presented as well as its numerical implementation. The predictions of this method are compared to those of other recent adaptive pushover methods and as well as to the rigorous non-linear time history analysis. Analyses show the efficiency of the proposed method.