bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Ru(II) Carbonyl Schiff Base Complexes
Authors: Prabhakaran B. , Santhi N. , Emayavaramban M.
Published: December 2022

The synthesis and characterization of hexa co-ordinated ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [Ru(CO)(B)(L)] (where B = PPh3, AsPh3, py or pip and L = dibasic tetradentate Schiff base ligand) were synthesized from the reaction of [RuHCl(CO)(B)(EPh3)2] (where E = P, B = PPh3, py or pip, E = As, B = AsPh3)with different tetradentate ligands. The ligands were derived by the condensation of 5-chloro-4-methyl-2-hydroxy benzophenone with ethylenediamine, propylenediamine and o-phenylene-diamine in 1:1 molar ratio. All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral (FT-IR, UV-VIS and 1H-NMR) methods. An octahedral environment around Ru(II) ion has been tentatively proposed for all the complexes
The Effects of Additive TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Energy Gap of DCM Doped with PS Thin Films
Authors: Odah Jafer Fahdel
Published: December 2022

In this work thin films containing laser dye (DCM) doped with polystyrene (PS) were prepared using casting method. Titania (TiO2) nanoparticles also were synthesized using sol gel technique. Characteristics of the tetania were done using XRD patter, and the characteristic peak of anatase is sharper and clear to observe, in particular at 25.40° degree. While scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to achieve the morphology of TiO2 samples, and to determine the sizes of nanoparticles. Different titania nanoparticle densities (0.882×1020, 1.765×1020, 2.648×1020, 3.530×1020 and 4.413×1020cm-3) were co-doping with dye doped polymer and study the effect of this addition on the optical properties and electronic transition energy gaps in cases of both direct and indirect transitions.
Numerical Investigation of Façade and Floor Glazing Systems
Authors: Tsalkatidis Themistoklis , Moastuen Magne
Published: December 2022

The use of point-supported systems in glass façades and floors has become widespread due to their excellent structural properties. The combination of glass and metal, frequently found in modern architectural norms and expressions, has highlighted the role of such systems and the need for constant optimization of their design. This research paper aims to examine the influence of modifying several geometrical parameters such as the thickness and the weight of the structural spider connectors, the arm-core ratio of the spider, the thickness of the glass panel and the spider arm cavities on the structural performance of a spider connector produced by one of the market-leading manufacturers. Therefore, a parametric finite element analysis is performed, where four alternative versions of the spider are constructed, in addition to the reference version, using ANSYS software program. The numerical model of the reference spider is verified against experimental data from the manufacturer of the structural spider connector. A total number of twelve case studies that consist of different combinations of spiders and glass’ thickness are examined, five for the façade and seven for the floor glazing system. The focus of the numerical investigation is placed on the spider itself and the results of the parametric finite element analysis are presented and discussed. The effectiveness of having core cavities and hollowed-out arms in spiders is proven. The use of stronger but heavier spiders is an acceptable alternative if they are connected to larger glass panels that results in reducing the number of spiders without increasing significantly the total weight of the glazing system.
The Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Band Transition, Cauchy Dispersion and Urbach Energy of Nanostructure CdO Thin Films
Authors: Jadduaa Muneer H. , Ali Harbi Zainab , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: December 2022

Thin films of CdO were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) . The effect of different temperature substrate (300,350,400,450 and 500) °C on some optical parameters has been studied . The transmittance and the optical energy gap were increased from (2.503-2.589) eV ,on the contrary of the rest parameters such as refractive index , real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and Urbach energy which they were decreased as the substrate temperature increase.
Use of Compton Back Scattering Technique for Detection of Corrosion in Pipes
Authors: Al-Alawy Iman Tarik , Kadhim Alaa B. , Ahmed Sura Salim
Published: December 2022

The multiple Compton backscattering (MCBS) technique has been used to investigate the detection and imaging corrosion under the insulation pipe. An energy source with a mono – energy 0.662MeV of 137Cs has been used. Gamma ray photons have been allowed to be incident vertically on the insulator pipe whose outside diameter, wall and asbestos insulation thickness are (28, 1, 4) cm respectively. The steel pipe has a corrosion defect with a diameter 8 cm. The count rate of scattered γ – photons with scattering angle in the range (130 – 140) degrees has been collected by NaI(Tl) detector with different radius. Assuming the source and detector locations are in the same side from the pipe. Monte Carlo simulation has been written in FORTRAN95 language programming to follow the history of photons. This study provides the ability of this technique to detect and imaging the corrosion under the insulator pipes. The radius of detector which gives good results for corrosion detection and imaging is 6cm among five different selected radiuses.
Tartrazine Solution as Dosimeter for Gamma Radiation Measurement
Authors: Gobara Mohammed , Baraka Ahmad
Published: December 2022

In this study, Tartrazine aqueous solution was investigated as a simple low-dose dosimeter in the range of 20-500 Gy for the high ionizing radiation, gamma ray. Gradual bleaching of Tartarzine solution was observed with dose by measuring the absorbance of Tartarzine-solutions at specified wavelength, λmax = 428 nm. Tartrazine concentration (10–4, 5 ×10–4 and 10–3 M) and solution-initial pH value (5, 7 and 9) were considered as factors affecting degree of bleaching. It was found that Tartarzine-solution color was diminished gradually with selected dose range due to breakdown of the azo bond. The rate of bleaching increases with the increase of solution-initial pH. Increase of Tartarzine-concentration causes widening of range to which solution is susceptible. The post-irradiated effect (24 hours) was found to cause more bleaching. The sensitivity of Tartrazine solution is not regular with the Tartarzine-concentration and regular with pH.
Synthesis of Novel Triazolo[4,3-a]Quinoxaline Darivatives Containing Pyridinyl and Thiazole Nucleous
Authors: Kathrotiya Haresh G. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

On pursuing research about [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] quinoxaline, in this paper we report a small library of novel class of [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] quinoxaline derivatives containing pyridinyl thiazole moiety. Particularly valuable features of this method include high yield, broad substrate scope, shorter reaction time and straightforward procedure. The structures of new compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data.
Solubility of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Aqueous and Alcohol Solutions from 293.15 to 313.15 K
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Bhesaniya Kapil , Bhalodia Rahul , Chanda Sumitra
Published: December 2022

The solubility of Butylated hydroxyl toluene in aqueous and alcohol solutions were determined at different temperatures (293.15 to 313.15) K. Using Van’t Hoff and Gibb’s equations, some thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of dissolution, and of mixing of Butylated hydroxyl toluene in aqueous and alcohol solutions, were evaluated from solubility data. The solubility was greater in butanol and minimum in water. The enthalpies, entropy and Gibb’s energy of dissolution were positive for all solvents.
The Sustainability and Future of Energy and Environment - A Vision to Target
Authors: Palit Sukanchan
Published: December 2022

The world of sustainability is changing rapidly. The loopholes of the laws of energy and environmental sustainability are changing and exposed in a vibrant manner. So the ultimate need is to target sustainability in a war-footing. The answers to the wide ranging question of environmental and energy sustainability is far-reaching and ground-breaking to our human society. Environmental and energy sustainability is intricately linked with sustainable development and human survival. The answers to mankind’s suffering are intricate, also at the same time visionary and bewildering. The world of unknown in the field of science and technology of renewable energy is giving place to the veritable certainity and knowledge. The plight of human society due to environmental disasters throughout the span of different nations is awesome and immense. The depletion of non-renewable resources has plunged our human society in a disastrous dilemma. Here comes the answer of environmental sustainability and energy sustainability. Environmental restrictions and regulations with the attached unbilical cord of human survival has made our human society to be more rigid and rigorous. This scientific effort highlights the important facets of renewable energy and its impact on human survival in future. The questions of environmental sustainability are varied and unanswered. So the vision of this research effort is to tackle and uncover the hidden aspects of renewable energy and the remedies behind the far-reaching questions of environmental disasters. The endeavour is wide and varied carrying an enormous promise to the answers to human survival in this age of energy and environmental uncertainity.
Chalcones: A Solubility Study at Different Temperatures
Authors: Bhalu Ankita A. , Bhesaniya Kapil D. , Vekariya Nayan J. , Baluja Shipra
Published: December 2022

Some new chalcones are synthesized by the condensation of aryl ketones with aromatic aldehydes and solubility of these synthesized chalcones is determined in chloroform and dichloromethane at temperatures ranging between 293.15 K and 313.15 K by gravimetric method. The experimental data was correlated well with modified Apelblat equation. Further, from the experimental solubility data, some thermodynamic parameters such as dissolution enthalpy, Gibb’s energy and entropy etc. were evaluated using van’t Hoff equation. The positive Gibb’s energy and negative entropy suggests spontaneous dissolution and more ordered structure in solution.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Redox Reaction of Neutral Red with Nitrite Ion in Aqueous Acidic Medium
Authors: Ibrahim Ismaila , Idris Sulaiman Ola , Onu Ameh David
Published: December 2022

The kinetics of redox reaction of neutral red, NR+, with nitrite ion, NO2-, was studied in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium under pseudo-first order conditions at 25 ± 1°C, [H+] = 2.0 × 10-3 mol dm-3, I = 0.1 mol dm-3 (NaCl) and λmax = 525 nm. The reaction was first order with respect to [NR+], [NO2-] and [H+]. The reaction displayed a negative Bronsted-Debye salt effect. There was no evidence of the formation of an intermediate complex of significant stability and free radicals are probably not present in the reaction. The observations above, coupled with the result of Michaelis-Menten plot suggests an outer sphere mechanism for the reaction. The reaction obeys the rate law: -d [NR+]/dt = (a + b [H+])[NR+][NO2-]. A plausible mechanism has been proposed for the reaction.
The Thermal Activation of Nsu Clay for Enhanced Alumina Leaching Response
Authors: Mark Udochukwu , Anyakwo Charles Nwachukwu , Onyemaobi Okechukwu , Nwobodo Chijioke Samson
Published: December 2022

The thermal activation conditions for enhancing the leaching of alumina from Nsu clay from south-eastern Nigeria was investigated. The clay assayed 28.9% and 50.59% , comprising mainly kaolinite mineral (82.6%) and quartz (12.5%). Thermal activation rendered the alumina in the clay acid-soluble by transforming the clay from its crystalline nature to an amorphous phase or metakaolinite. The clay samples were heated at calcination temperatures of 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C at holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Uncalcined clay samples and samples calcined at 1000 °C (holding for 60 minutes) were used in the control experiments. Leaching of alumina from the resulting clay calcines passing 300 μm sieve (-50 mesh) was done in 1M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature using a solid/liquid ratio of 0.02g/ml and shaking speed of 100 rpm. The solubility data given by the fraction of Al ion taken into leach solution showed that the clay calcined at 700 °C (holding for 60 minutes) responded most to leaching. In general, it was observed that samples calcined for 60 minutes responded better than those held for 30 or 90 minutes. The activation energies for leaching the clay calcines were 29.50, 32.92, 26.71, 30.18, 29.18, and 33.24 kJ/mol for samples calcined for 60 minutes at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively. The activation energy of leaching for the uncalcined sample was 35.07 kJ/mol. Thus, calcines produced at 700 °C (holding for 60 minutes) had the highest leaching response for alumina and the lowest leaching activation energy of 26.71 kJ/mol. It is concluded therefore that Nsu kaolinite clay should be best calcined for alumina yield by heating up to 700 °C and holding for 60 minutes at that temperature. The clay deposit can be used as alternative resource for alumina production.
Mixed Convection of Heat Transfer in a Square Lid-Driven Cavity
Authors: Ben Mansour Noura , Ben Cheikh Nader , Ben Beya Brahim , Lili Taieb
Published: December 2022

Three dimensional steady state mixed convection in a lid driven cubical cavity heating from below has been investigated numerically. Two sided walls are maintained at a constant ambient temperature Ttop > Tbottom, while the vertical walls are thermally insulated. Governing equations expressing in a dimensionless form are solved by using finite element method. The Reynolds number is fixed at Re=100, while the Richardson number is varied from 0.001 to 10. Parametric studies focusing on the effect of the Richardson number on the fluid flow and heat transfer have been performed. The flow and heat transfer characteristics, expressed in terms of streamlines, isotherms and average wall Nusselt number are presented for the entire range of Richardson number considered. Multiple correlations in terms of the heat transfer rate and Richardson number has been established.
Gravitational and Experimental Electromagnetic Contributions to Cerebral Effects upon Deviations from Random Number Variations Generated by Electron Tunneling
Authors: Caswell Joey M. , Collins Mark W.G. , Vares David A.E. , Juden-Kelly Lyndon M. , Persinger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

New theoretical and traditional quantitative solutions involving a pervasive unit quantum of ~10-20 J within biological and large-scale physical systems predicted that the mass of the human subject, subtle changes in gravitational phenomena, and the energy available within the cerebral volume should affect proximal random number variations produced by electron tunneling. In a series of experiments application of a specific, physiologically-patterned weak magnetic field over the right temporal lobe significantly enhanced the effects of intention upon deviations from random variations created by electron tunneling devices at a distance of 1 m. These variations were strongly (r~0.80) correlated with the coupling between the forces from the background free oscillations of the earth and the energy differences across the cell width between lunar perigee and apogee. The results support the approach that complex cognitive processes including “intention” can be described by physicochemical parameters and their magnitude of energies are within the range by which interactions or modulations from subtle gravitational forces applied across the cellular membrane and width might occur.
Thermodynamic Characteristics of Solid
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The paper is to present the developed thermodynamic characteristics of a solid. The existent description of dependence of temperature on the proper entropy (thermal capacitance) was used as the beginning point of the considerations. A critical evaluation of the picture of that dependence was a consecutive link of the considerations. Furthermore, an adequate description of the discussed heat phenomenon, taking into account the detailed characteristics of the entropy growth characteristics, has been presented. This characteristics indicates a clear quantum character of the studied reality, reflected by the potentials, proper and gained, respectively. These magnitudes are the measures of the proper and gained specific energies of this thermodynamic factor. The dependence of temperature on the specific energy has been described to formulate a formula on the heat work. At the end the dependence between the specific heat and the entropy constant is derived. In conclusion, a quantum nature of macroscopic reality has been noticed together with the definition of the heat energy notion. The necessity of noticing the description of any other reality in this scale has been indicated.
Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Water and Bottom Macrofauna the Resko Lake on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr , Konieczny Ryszard
Published: December 2022

Have studied lake close to neutral pH – 7.67 to 7.73. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class.The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Tested water lakes were changing the concentration of the PO43-sdiss - these concentrations correspond to water quality from III. The increase of the concentrations of phosphorus in the Lake may indicate a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the waters of the shallow and changes their status to release phosphorus compounds accumulated redox in sediment bottom. In the case of nitrogen-compounds nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators were at level I and II class in all the surveyed lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Indicator, which indicates the high productivity of Lake is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The level of this indicator values on the studied Lake was on level III class. In the remaining Lake oxygen concentration was similar (continued in I class). Fauna of the Resko Lake bottom during summer stagnation was poor in terms of quality, which proves its considerable biological degradation. In terms of the concentration in the test macrozoobenthos Lake dominated, and Oligochaeta, Diptera larvae.
The Mechanism of Signal Processing of Solar Radio Burst Data in E-CALLISTO Network (Malaysia)
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

Solar space weather events like Coronal Mass Ejections and solar ﬂares are usually accompanied by solar radio bursts, which can be used for a low-cost real-time space weather monitoring. In order to make a standard system, a CALLISTO (Compound Astronomical Low-costLow-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatory) spectrometers, designed and built by electronics engineer Christian Monstein of the Institute for Astronomy of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) have been already developed all over the worldsince 2005 to monitor the solar activities such as solar flare and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Upto date, there are 25 sites that used the same system in order to monitor the Sun within 24 hours. Thisoutstanding project also is a part of the United Nations together with NASA initiated the InternationalHeliophysical Year IHY2007 to support developing countries participating in ‘Western Science’. Beginning February 2012, Malaysia has also participated in this project. The goals of this work is to highlight how does the signal processing of solar radio burst data transfer from a site of National Space Centre Banting Selangor directly to the Institute of Astrophysics Switzerland. Solar activities inthe low region, focusing from 150 MHz to 400 MHz is observed daily beginning from 00.30UT 12.30UT. Here, we highlighted how does the signal processing work in order to make sure that the operation is in the best condition. Although the solar activities have experienced rapid growth recently,high-level management of CALLISTO system has remained successfully manage the storage of data.It is also not easy to maintain the future data seems the number of sites are also growing from time totime. In this work, we highlighted the potential role of Malaysia as one of the candidate site that possible gives a good data and focusing on a few aspects such as optimization, and performance evaluation data and visualization.
Chronology of Formation of Solar Radio Burst Types III and V Associated with Solar Flare Phenomenon on 19th September 2011
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

The formation of two different solar bursts, type III and V in one solar flare event is presented. Both bursts are found on 19th September 2011 associated with C-class flares on active region 1295. From the observation, we believed that the mechanism of evolution the bursts play an important role in the event. It is found that type V burst appeared in five minutes after type III. There are a few active regions on the solar disk but most are magnetically simple and have remained rather quiet. An interpretation of this new result depends critically on the number of sunspots and the role of active region 1295. Sunspot number is increased up to 144 with seven sunspots can be observed. During that event, the speed of solar wind exceeds 433.8 km/second with 2.0 g/cm3 density of protons in the solar corona. Currently, radio flux is also high up to 150 SFU. The solar flare type C6 is continuously being observed in the X-ray region for 24 hours since 1541 UT and a maximum C1 is detected on 1847 UT. Although the sources of both bursts are same, the direction and ejection explode differently. It is believed that the ejection of particles in a type III burst is higher than solar burst type V.
Ferrimagnetism in the Mean-Field Approximation of the Mixed Spin-3/2 and Spin-5/2 Ising System
Authors: Mohamad Hadey
Published: December 2022

Using the Mean-field theory based on Bogoliubov inequality for the free energy, a ferrimagnetic mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Ising model with different anisotropies is investigated. The free energy of a mixed spin Ising ferrimagnetic system from MF approximation of the Hamiltonian is calculated. By minimizing the free energy, we obtain the equilibrium magnetizations and compensation points. In particular, we investigate the effect of a single-ion anisotropy on the magnetic properties including the compensation phenomenon, in order to clarify the characteristic behaviours in a series of molecular-based magnets . The phase diagram of the system is also discussed in the anisotropy dependence of transition temperature. Our results of this model predict the existence of many (two or three) compensation points in the ordered system on a simple cubic lattice.
Mesomorphism Molecular Rigidity and Flexibility
Authors: Dudhagara Y.B. , Bhola G.N. , Bhoya Umed C.
Published: December 2022

A novel homologous series of liquid crystalline (LC) behaviors of Schieff’s bases: RO-C6H4-CH=CH-COO-C6H4-N=CH-C6H4-OC2H5 have been synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the effect of molecular structure on LC properties of a novel substances. The members of a novel series are enantiotropically nematogenic (C1 to C10) or the some of the homologues (C12 to C18) are smectogenic phase nematogenic. Transition temperatures, textures and melting behaviors observed or determined by an optical polarizing microscopy equipped with a heating stage. Thermometric temperatures are varied between 102 °C and 311 °C. Textures of the nematic phases are threaded or schlieren and that of the smectic phases are of the type A or C. Smectic and nematic thermal stabilities are 122.5 °C and 270.7 °C. Total mesophase lengths vary from 111.0 °C to 194.0 °C. Analytical and spectral data confirms the molecular structures of homologues. Some LC properties o present novel series are compared with the structurally similar known series. Transition curves viz. Cr-M, Sm-N and N-I behaved in normal manner. N-I transition curve exhibited odd-even effect. Thus present novel series is partly smectogenic and fully nematogenic with high mesophase length and higher observed melting type
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Pulse Laser Deposition
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A. , Abass Khalid Haneen , Hadi Qunoot M.
Published: December 2022

TiO2 thin films were prepared by pulse laser deposition technique on glass substrates with laser power 700 mJ and 900 shot at distance 1cm under vacuum of 10-2 mbar with different annealing temperature (273, 373, 423)K. The influences of the annealing temperature on the optical properties of TiO2 thin films were mainly investigated. TiO2 is a wide band gap n-type semi-conductor that has a wide range of applications. It was found that the optical properties of TiO2 thin films were dependent on the annealing temperature. The values of optical energy gap decreases from (3.4 to 3.2) eV when increasing annealing temperature. The optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constants as a function of wavelength were determined.
Substrate Effects on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Mousa Abdulazeez O. , Habubi Nadir F. , Nema Noor A.
Published: December 2022

ZnO thin films deposited on various substrates including glass, quartz, and ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) coated on glass substrates have been conducted by (CSP) technique. Characterization techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra measurements were performed to investigate the effects of substrate on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films. Samples were prepared the thickness of thin films are (80 nm) and substrate temperature kept at (400oC) in all cases. Compressed nitrogen was used as a carrier gas. The XRD results indicated that the synthesized ZnO thin films have a pure wurtzite (hexagonal phase) structure. It can be seen that the highest texture coefficient was in (002) plane . So when a good crystalline substrate like quartz is used for depositing the film, the lattice matching with the deposited film material would be better. AFM measurement showed the grain size ranging from (62-86) nm. The optical studies showed that the thin film for ITO coated glass substrate higher transmittance than glass and quartz substrate. The optical band gap for ZnO thin films have two values for the same sample, and we will note the band gap of the thin films increasing with increase the crystalline of substrate. The energy gap from photoluminescence (PL) spectra is (3.369 eV) for all samples.
IR and NMR Spectral Studies of Some 4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-5,6-dihydro-6-(Substituted Phenyl)-4H-1,3-Oxazine-2-Amines: Assessment of Substituent
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

A series containing thirteen title compounds were synthesized and recorded IR and NMR spectra. The infrared νNH, C=N(cm-1)stretches, 1H NMR δNH, 13C NMR δC=N(ppm) chemical shifts of synthesized oxazine amines were assigned and correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters. From the results of statistical analyses, the effect of substituents on the above spectral frequencies can be discussed.
Molecular Rigidity/Flexibility Dependence of Mesomorphism
Authors: Muniya N.R. , Patel V.R.
Published: December 2022

A novel chalconyl homologous series of liquid crystalline derivatives; RO - C6H4- CH : CH - COO - C6H4-CO - CH : CH - C6H4 - OC8H17 (n) (para) have been synthesized and studied with a view to correlate the thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) behavioural properties and the molecular structure of a substance. Present novel series consisted of eleven homologue members (C1 to C16) whose, only nematogenic mesomorphism commences from C3 homologue and continued upto C16 homologue in enantiotropic manner with absence of smectogenic character. Transition temperatures and textures of nematic phase were determined using an optical polarizing microscopy equipped with a heating stage (POM). Transition curve Cr-N/I behaved in normal manner. N-I transition curve exhibited odd-even effect and deviated from its normal descending tendency from and beyond C8 homologue and adopted serpantile shape from C8 to C16 homologue in deviating manner. Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or schlieren. Analytical and spectral data supported molecular structures of homologues. Thermal stability for nematic is 112.66 and the degree of mesomorphism vary from 5.00C to 44.00C at the C12 andC4 homologue respectively. It is a middle ordered melting type series, whose relative group efficiency order for nematic derived.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of l-Aspartic Acid Complexes with Metals of the Lanthanides Family
Authors: Mohamed Musa E.
Published: December 2022

The complexes between l-aspartic acid and metals of lanthanide series (La3+, Pr3+, Eu3+, Gd3+) have been prepared and characterized using a variety of techniques including, infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and metal contents. The sought metal effect on the electronic environment of the chiral carbon and its neighbouring atoms was observed in case of Europium and Praseodymium. The 13C downfield shift indicates a lower electron density at the carbon with consequent downfield shift observed on the α-H attached to it increasing its acidity.
Numerical Study of Thermal Stresses for the Semiconductor CdZnTe in Vertical Bridgman
Authors: Jamai Hanen , El Ganaoui M. , Sammouda Habib , Pateyron Bernard
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work is to present a numerical simulation of thermal stress in directional solidification of CdZnTe in vertical Bridgman apparatus. Especial attention will be attributed to show the importance of cooling temperature and time’s growth affecting the thermal stress. Furthermore, we will focus on investigating the thermal stress’ components and their distribution in crystal, which gives a detailed about the stress distribution and consequently on the distribution of defects during solidification of CdZnTe.
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nanocrystalline Ceramic BaSr0.9Fe0.1TiO4
Authors: Jacob Reenu , Nair Harikrishnan G. , Isac Jayakumari
Published: December 2022

The development of lead-free piezoelectric materials have gained great attention for the consideration of environmental protection. Nanosized BaSr0.9Fe0.1TiO4, a lead free perovskite phase structured ceramic was prepared via a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis. The sample was analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), SEM and EDX. The XRD results and XPERT-PRO software analysis confirmed the orthorhombic system of the sample. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that its crystallite size is in the nanometer range. The grain size was less than 100 nm and showed a strong tendency for agglomeration. It also confirmed with the calculated value from Debye Scherrer’s formula. EDX spectrum shows the elemental composition of the sample. Williamson-Hall Plot method was used to evaluate the size and lattice strain. The dislocation density and the morphology index of the sample were also calculated.
Adequate Theory of Oscillator: A Prelude to Verification of Classical Mechanics Part 3
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

In the paper, the adequate theory of oscillator is presented, being a sort of prelude to verification of the classical theory of mechanics. The developed theory is based on a properly understood notion of energy, quantum value changes of its determined measures (potentials), as well as of such changes types of sites of full energetic states which presents the essence of the true principle of the energy conservation. In the first part of the paper the principle of energy conservation was considered. Then the energetic aspects of the oscillator motion, with an exemplary real system motion, were presented in the second Part. This part of the paper is devoted to the kinetics of a body in harmonic motion and verification of the adequate theory of oscillator. At the end, the determination of the gravity acceleration by means of mathematical pendulum is performed to confirm the presented findings.
An Effect Etching Time on Structure Properties of Nano-Crystalline p-Type Silicon
Authors: Hadi Hasan A.
Published: December 2022

This paper reports the influence of the etching time on structural characteristics of porous silicon manufactured by electrochemical etching (ECE) anodization p-type silicon wafers. Micro and nano-structural features of the samples are mainly investigated by XRD and AFM techniques. The morphological properties of PS layer such as nano-crystalline size, the structure aspect of PS layer and lattice constant have been investigated. Nanocrystals size (grain size) computing from XRD data (145 to 85) nm is resulting the increasing etching time.AFM investigations reveal increase in (RMS) roughness, Sz.(Ten Point height) and average diameter of the porous structure with increase in etching time.
Heat Absorption by a Thermal System
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The work deals with revealing the quantum nature of the heat absorption phenomenon by a thermal system, describing the phenomenon with a proper energetic interpretation. At first, the existent description of the heat absorption phenomenon by a system has been described. Then the mechanical-thermal analogy was introduced, using it for a better explanation of the determined thermal notions. A set of characteristics of the heat absorption phenomenon was developed by taking advantage of this analogy. The starting point from the source thermal characteristics, being differential dependence of thermal force on temperature, has been regarded. That made it possible to achieve a detail solution, being the reason model of the described natural system, which is the model having a physical sense.
Simulation of Optical Properties of Si Photonic Crystals
Authors: Wijewardena Gamalath K A I L , Settinayake W.A.S.C.
Published: December 2022

To investigate optical properties of Si photonic crystal waveguides, a mathematical model was set up. Finite difference time domain method was used to calculate the Maxwell’s equations numerically. For the evolution of the electromagnetic fields in the photonic crystals, simulations were done for a small lattices using Yee lattice approach. The properties of a waveguide and a power divider were investigated for 3λx3λ photonic crystal formed from Si circular rods in air for telecommunication wavelength 1.55 µm. The model developed was satisfactory in predicting the behaviour of light in linear photonic crystals
Comparative Efficacy of Tephrosia vogelii and Moringa oleifera against Insect Pests of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb)
Authors: Alao Fatai O. , Adebayo T.A.
Published: December 2022

Despite the fact that synthetic insecticides are fast acting, they constitute environmental hazard thereby necessitating the use of ecologically based alternative such as plant based insecticide. This experiment was conducted during the late and early planting seasons of 2011 to determine the insecticidal efficacy of Tephrosia vogelii and Moringa oleifera extracts at three tested concentrations (5, 10 and 20% v/v) against insect pests of watermelon. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that M. oleifera extracts had 62% reduction of Phyllotreta cruciferae compared with T. vogelii which had 45% control. However, T. vogelii extracts had 64% control of Diabrotica undecimpunctata and Bactrocera curcubitea but M. olefera extracts had 50% control. The plant extracts proved effective against studied insects when compared with untreated plots. However, the effectiveness of the two plants extracts were concentration dependent. Therefore, the two plant extracts can be used in the control of insect pests of the watermelon
(E)-N-Substitutedbenzylidene-4-Methoxyanilines as Insect Antifeedants
Authors: Lakshmanan K. , Sekar K.G. , Sathiyendiran V. , Suresh R.
Published: December 2022

Some substituted aryl Schiff’s bases [(E)-N-substitutedbenzylidene-4-methoxyanilines] have been prepared and their purities were checked by their physical constants and spectroscopic data reported earlier. The insect antifeedant activities of these Schiff’s bases have been studied by leaf-discs bio assay method using 4th instar larvae AchoeaJanata L.
Quorum Sensing Materials as New Ligand for Palladium Catalyzed Migita-Kosugi-Stille Polycondensation
Authors: Wang Aohan , Toyofuku Masanori , Nomura Nobuhiko , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

Signal molecules for quorum sensing are employed for ligands to palladium. The complex canbe used as a catalyst. Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling reactions are driven by using a series of N-(3-oxo-acyl)-L-homoserine lactones as ligands coordinating with Pd. Catalysis of [Pd-(signal moleculesfor quorum sensing), or Pd/QS] allows production of conjugated polymers with light-emittingfunctions.
Spectral LFER Studies on Some Sydnone Chalcones
Authors: Thirunarayanan G. , Vanangamudi Ganesan , Sathiyendiran V.
Published: December 2022

A series containing ten (E)-4-(N-(4-cinnamoylphenyl)sulfamoyl)-3-(p-tolyl)-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-ium-5-olates were prepared and examined their purities by literature method. The infrared and NMR spectral data were assigned and correlated with Hammett substituent constants and Swain-Lupton’s constants using single and multi-regression analysis. From the results of statistical analyses the effects of substituents on the spectral data have been discussed.
Buildings Materials & Structures Based on Advanced Polymer Nanostructured Matrix
Authors: Gizelter Rudolf
Published: December 2022

Development of manufacture of linear diene oligomers belonging to a liquid rubbers class with viscous liquids consistence allowed to create a new class of conglomerate polymer composite materials - rubber concrete (RubCon®). Rubber concrete is the advanced constructional material created for last years. It is polymer concrete with a unique set of physical-mechanical, chemical and technological properties which allow to obtain highly effective building structures and products on its basis.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of 2-Azetidinone Derivatives as Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibitors
Authors: Sulthana R. Munavar , Quine S. Darlin
Published: December 2022

Newly designed 2-azetidinone derivatives (4a-e) were synthesized in good yields and characterised by advanced spectroscopic studies. The title compounds were evaluated for qualitative (zone of inhibition) by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. Some of the analogues were found to have comparable or even more potency than the standard drugs. Docking study was performed to check interaction of synthesized compounds with the target DNA gyrase.
Codes in the Itineraries of the Planets of the Solar System
Authors: Kurić Lutvo
Published: December 2022

Cosmos can be viewed from the perspective of the most advanced program, cyber and information systems and laws. Digital language Cosmos has a myriad of constants and variables, matrices, functions, vectors and determinants, which are coded information about the creation and functioning of our physical world in which we live. These are: Planetary orbits, Orbital Motion, Orbital planes, Orbital period Specifying orbits, Orbital perturbations, astrodynamics, Earth orbits, etc. The heavenly bodies move along a particular path. They have their own Perihelion and Aphelion. They have to move much on that path because the cosmic laws of the digital language does not allow them to move along another path. There is no dilemma and can not be. Evidence that follow testify and confirm that there is indeed a universal language for an exact description of which can be used systems theory and cybernetics.
Theoretical Evaluation of Ultrasonic Velocity in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Alcohols [S] + Benzene
Authors: Santhi N. , Sabarathinam P.L. , Madhumitha J. , Alamelumangai G. , Emayavaramban M.
Published: December 2022

Ultrasonic velocities and densities of the binary liquid mixtures of benzene with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol and 3-butanol at 303.15 to 318.15 K, over the entire composition range were measured. The theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity were evaluated using the Nomoto’s Relation (NR), Ideal Mixture Relation (IMR), Free Length Theory (FLT) and Collision Factor Theory (CFT). The validity of these relations and theories were tested by comparing the computed sound velocities with experimental values. Further, the molecular interaction parameter (α) was computed by using the experimental and the theoretical ultrasonic velocity values. The variation of this parameter with composition of the mixtures has been discussed in terms of molecular interaction in these mixtures.
Studies of Densities, Viscosities and Ultrasonic Speeds of Binary Mixtures Containing Isopropyl Alcohol and Ketones at Different Temperatures
Authors: Srinivas S.S.J. , Bai B. Tulasi Koteswari , Rao K. Babu , Narendra K. , Babu M. Sarath
Published: December 2022

The densities, viscosities and ultrasonic velocities of binary liquid mixtures of Isopropyl alcohol with acetophenone and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) have been measured at temperatures 298.15 and 308.15 K over the entire range of mole fraction. From these data, acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free volume (Vf) and free length (Lf) have been estimated using the standard relations. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions present in the mixtures.
Receiving and the Capacitive Profile of the Capacitors Arrangements on the Base of Natural Rubber with the Addition of SrCl2 or ZnCl2 and the Active Carbon
Authors: Borowski Jerzy , Borowski Tomasz
Published: December 2022

In an easy way presented, how to receive cheap capacitive materials with changeable capacitance depending on demand. The examination of capacitive properties/characteristics has been determined in temperature of 20 °C. Average range of the capacitance oscillated between 23 and 41 F/g. The capacitive arrangements were marked on the arrangements with resistors and the decades capacitors.
Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions
Authors: Persinger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

Recent measurements of cerebral quantitative electroencephalographic power densities within the first three harmonics of the earth-ionosphere Schumann resonances and the same order of magnitude for both systems electric and magnetic (pT) fields suggest the possibility of direct intercalation or interaction. The phase modulations of the Schumann propagations and those associated with consciousness are very similar. Quantitative solutions from contemporary values for the physical parameters of the human brain and the earth-ionospheric resonances suggest that electromagnetic information maintained during the first 30 min of experience could be also represented within a property of the (Hilbert) space occupied by the ionospheric wave guide within the earth’s magnetic field. Several astronomical phenomena, including gravitational waves and the neutral hydrogen line, display physical properties with magnitudes matching cerebral electromagnetic activity particularly during light sleep. The presence of Schumann frequencies within the human brain may have greater significance than hereto assumed for the human species.
Novel Conversion of 4-Aminoquinolines to New Tricyclic (R,S)-3-Methylazeto[3,2-c] Quinolin-2(2aH)-Ones and Versatile One Step Synthesis of N-(Quinolin-4-yl) Carbamates from 4-Aminoquinolines
Authors: Kotadiya Vipul C. , Viradiya Denish J. , Baria Bharat H. , Kanzariya Jayendra S. , Kakadiya Rajesh , Shah Anamik
Published: December 2022

Reaction of 4-aminoquinolines with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate have resulted in finding a novel transformation of 4-aminoquinolines to tricyclic (R,S)-3-methylazeto[3,2-c]quinolin-2(2aH)-ones. The structure of azeto-quinolinone was determined via spectroscopic and chemical methods. Various alcohols were used as nucleophiles to open the 1-azetinone ring to give the corresponding N-(quinolin-4-yl)carbamates in good yields. We also found a new and versatile one step synthesis of N-(quinolin-4-yl)carbamates by reacting 4-aminoquinolines with alkyl chloroformates in the presence of anhyd K2CO3 in acetonitrile.
First Light Detection of a Single Solar Radio Burst Type III due to Solar Flare Event
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

The eruption mechanism of solar flares and type III are currently an extremely active area of research, especially during the solar cycle is towards maximum. In this case, the total energy of solar burst type III is of the order of solar flare with the explosion of the energy can up to 1015 ergs. The solar flare event is one of the most spectacular explosions that still be on-going study in the solar physics world. This event occurred at 2:000 UT on 15th April 2012 is due to the explosion of the magnetic energy in from the chromosphere and converted into the heating, mass motion and particle acceleration which can be detected by solar radio burst type III. In this work, we will highlight our first light detection of very tiny solar radio burst type III, which has been observed at the National Space Centre, Banting, Selangor detected by the Compound Low Cost Low Frequency Transportable Observatories (CALLISTO) system at 5:53:23. The region of the data is from 150 − 400 MHz in radio region. This burst is drifted from 150 MHz till 260 MHz. It represents a total energy of 6.2035 × 10-7 eV − 1.0753 × 10-6 eV. This fast drift burst is a continuity of the acceleration of the particles which is intermittent, and can be observed since the explosion of the solar flare. Although the burst is very tiny, it is still significant because this burst is the first detection of a single type III burst from our site. Still, the acceleration of the particles can be detected from Earth in the radio region within 3 hours period of observation at the post stage of solar flare.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 2"-Amino-4"-[2-(4'-Chlorophenyl)-6-Methyl Imidazo[1, 2-a]Pyridine -3-yl]-6"-Aryl-4"-H-Pyran-3"-Carbonitrile
Authors: Bhuva V.V. , Bhadani V.N. , Purohit H.D. , Purohit Dipak M.
Published: December 2022

3-Cyano-4,6-disubstituted 4H-pyrans are endowed with a variety of pharmacodynamic activities Looking to the interesting properties of cyanopyrans, it was considered worthwhile to synthesis some new 2"-amino-4"-[2-(4'-chlorophenyl) -6-methyl imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-3-yl]-6"-aryl-4"-H-pyran-3"- carbonitrile ( 4a-4l ) have been synthesized. The products have been assayed for their biological activity against Gram +ve, Gram –ve bacteria and fungi. Some of the products showed moderate activity in concentration 50μg/mL. The structures of the products have been elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral data, elemental analysis and thin layer chromatography.Keywords: Cyanopyrans; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity