bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial Exploration of Cross-Generational Attitudes Towards Piracy of Chinese Online Literature
Authors: Marjerison Rob Kim , Jiang Sijia
Published: September 2021

This chapter seeks to provide initial evidence and provide a baseline for further exploration of Chinese cross-generational audiences' attitude differences towards online literature and digital piracy. Globalization has complicated the many disparate cultural, generational, and national perspectives on intellectual property (IP) protection. IP and IP protection continue to grow in importance in global commerce and international relations. How attitudes towards IP and online content, in particular, evolve generationally is an area of relative under exploration. Data was gathered through an online survey and indicates a trend towards increased awareness and acceptance of IP value and protection. This study provides insight into cross-generational audiences in the important market of China. It may be helpful to those interested in commerce in the areas of online publishing or related industries to help make business decisions in targeting and marketing, to those interested in global commerce and international relations, or those who are researchers in the areas of IP and IP protection.
How COVID-19 Has Stimulated Innovation in the Chinese Education Sector
Authors: Yu Poshan , Kwok Samuel , Jiang Zhongyue
Published: September 2021

This chapter aims to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 in China's education sector. It will capture the dynamics of the interlinked changing relationships between the availability and use of education technology (EdTech) and the demand for online learning among various stakeholders in the Chinese education market. In addition, this chapter examines whether and how these relationships enhance operational efficiency via transforming the current business models in the sector, in particular due to the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the current practices of the sector, this chapter will critically discuss the challenges and opportunities for technology in education and how these changes in turn drive stakeholders (including students, educators, and regulators) to respond and engage with each other, and how these stakeholder engagements impact the sustainable development of delivery modes, such as digital education and remote learning by using EdTech strategies in the sector.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s health nursing clinical practicums in the spring 2020 semester in Korea: a nationwide survey study
Authors: Kim Mijong , Jeong Geum Hee , Park Hae Sook , Ahn Sukhee
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on women’s health nursing clinical practicums in undergraduate nursing schools in Korea during the spring 2020 semester. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey on clinical practicum teaching experiences in the spring 2020 semester was distributed to members of the Korean Society of Women Health Nursing (KSWHN) who taught undergraduate nursing. One faculty member from each of 203 institutions was requested to respond and there were no duplicate participants. Seventy-nine participants (38.9%) responded and 74 responses were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were presented for all survey items. Results: Fifty-two faculty members (70.3%) belonged to universities and 22 (29.7%) taught at colleges. Thirty-eight (51.4%) answered that their institutions had affiliated teaching hospitals. More than half (52.7%) conducted hospital-based clinical practicums either entirely (n=20) or partially (n=19), whereas the rest of them (47.3%) conducted clinical practicums at school or home via online teaching. The typical teaching methods for offline or online education were case conferences, tests or quizzes, scenario studies, nursing skill practicums, (virtual) nursing simulations, and simulated patient education. Most of faculties (93.2%) supported the development of an educational platform to share educational materials and resources, such as case scenarios. Conclusion: Nursing faculty members utilized various teaching methods to enhance clinical skills and mitigate limited clinical exposure during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The KSWHN should move forward to develop an education platform and modalities for members who face many challenges related to the accessibility and quality of nursing education contents.
3D printed microfluidic devices for cell culture
Authors: Canta Marta , Baruffaldi Désirée , Roppolo Ignazio , Chiappone Annalisa , Pirri Candido F. , Frascella Francesca
Published: September 2021

A successful application of the 3D printed materials in the biomedical field requires extensive studies to ensure their biocompatibility at every step of the process. Here, different components suitable for cell applications, including a microfluidic device, were 3D printed using common resins and a deep analysis of their biocompatibility and post printed protocols was conducted.
Bioprinting for osteosarcoma model: Methodological aspects and experimental applications
Authors: Delgrosso Elena , Sarcinelli Gaia Martina , Riva Federica , Riva Federica , Scocozza Franca , Conti Michele , Postuma Ian , Bortolussi Silva , Ferrari Cinzia
Published: September 2021

The study aims at using the bioprinting technique to create an in vitro 3D construct of osteosarcoma, as an alternative model for studies related to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT).
Comparing genomic profiles of tumour and peritumoral biopsies to find new possible biomarkers for glioblastoma therapy.
Authors: Giambra Martina , Messuti Eleonora , Redaelli Serena , Di Cristofori Andrea , Bentivegna Angela
Published: September 2021

The study of glioblastoma genomic profiles permits the use of CNAs load to identify patients with poor prognosis and the understanding of the genomic signatures essential for the disease maintenance and the identification of new potential biomarkers.
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity studied in a 3D, in vitro model of the liver
Authors: Guagliano Giuseppe , Legnardim Manuela , Volpini Cristina , Bloise Nora , Dotti Silvia , Villa Riccardo , Visai Livia , Petrini Paola
Published: September 2021

Drug development is a high failure rate process; too many drugs fail during clinical trials because of severe hepatotoxicity. This situation can be significantly improved by redesigning preclinical trials, and privileging the use of high-throughput in vitro models, by combining cell-based in vitro models and material-based models.
Video tracking analysis of behavioral scores: The Finnover experience
Authors: Trebesova Hanna , Turrini Federica , Olivero Guendalina , Orlandi Valentina , Donno Dario , Beccaro Gabriele , Boggia Raffaella , Pittaluga Anna , Grilli Massimo
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to reduce and refine the number of animals subjected to behavioral analysis by ToxTrac software during the European project Interreg-ALCOTRA “Finnover”.
Visible light-induced crosslinking of unmodified gelatin with PEGDA for DLP-3D printable hydrogels
Authors: Zanon Michael , Baruffaldi Desirée , Sangermano Marco , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Frascella Francesca , Chiappone Annalisa
Published: September 2021

The 3D printability of cold-water fish gelatin used as co-initiating species for the crosslinking of PEGDA monomers in presence of camphorquinone (through a Norrish II reaction) is evaluated. The 3D digital light processing (DLP) leads to the creation of biocompatible printed structures able to support cell viability and proliferation.
Long noncoding RNA Meg3 mediates ferroptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation combined with hyperglycemia in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, through modulating the p53/GPX4 axis
Authors: Chen Cheng , Huang Yan , Xia Pingping , Zhang Fan , Li Longyan , Wang E , Guo Qulian , Ye Zhi
Published: September 2021

Individuals with diabetes are exposed to a higher risk of perioperative stroke than non-diabetics mainly due to persistent hyperglycemia. LncRNA Meg3 has been considered as an important mediator in regulating ischemic stroke. However, the functional and regulatory roles of Meg3 in diabetic brain ischemic injury remain unclear. In this study, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMVECs) were exposed to 6 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and subsequent reperfusion via incubating cells with glucose of various high concentrations for 24 h to imitate in vitro diabetic brain ischemic injury. It was shown that the marker events of ferroptosis and increased Meg3 expression occurred after the injury induced by OGD combined with hyperglycemia. However, all ferroptotic events were reversed with the treatment of Meg3-siRNA. Moreover, in this in vitro model, p53 was also characterized as a downstream target of Meg3. Furthermore, p53 knockdown protected RBMVECs against OGD + hyperglycemic reperfusion-induced ferroptosis, while the overexpression of p53 exerted opposite effects, implying that p53 served as a positive regulator of ferroptosis. Additionally, the overexpression or knockdown of p53 significantly modulated GPX4 expression in RBMVECs exposed to the injury induced by OGD combined with hyperglycemic treatment. Furthermore, GPX4 expression was suppressed again after the reintroduction of p53 into cells silenced by Meg3. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay uncovered that p53 was bound to GPX4 promoter. Altogether, these data revealed that, by modulating GPX4 transcription and expression, the Meg3-p53 signaling pathway mediated the ferroptosis of RBMVECs upon injury induced by OGD combined with hyperglycemic reperfusion.
Dried seahorse in traditional medicine: A narrative review
Authors: Law Siukan
Published: September 2021

Seahorses are classified as members of Syngnathidae family, which includes pipefishes, pipehorses, and seadragons. China, including Hong Kong, uses 250 tons of seahorses as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) every year. It is popular in Traditional Medicines (TM) especially TMC and its derivatives. The TCM formulations of dried seahorse strengthens the kidney and enhances immunity to treat the aging process. Base on the molecular biology analysis, S6 ribosomal protein gene, S7 ribosomal protein gene, and the S20 ribosomal protein gene have been identified in dried seahorses, which help to reduce the cough symptoms. The present mini-review discusses the background of the use of dried seahorses, the TCM theory, the TCM formulations, the molecular biology, and analysis of its usage in traditional medicine.
Association between Stroke and Carotid Artery Blood Block Interval in Trans-Carotid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Yang Li-Fan , Pan Wen-Zhi , Guan Li-Hua , Zhang Xiao-Chun , Zhang Lei , Chen Sha-Sha , Zhou Da-Xin , Ge Jun-Bo
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives:

Patients undergoing trans-carotid transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TC-TAVR) are more likely to suffer from a stroke because of cerebral blood hypoperfusion and blood occlusion caused by the introducer sheath compared with the trans-femoral (TF) approach. The present study aimed to compare the incidence of stroke between the TC and TF approaches and explore the causes of stroke after TAVR.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 414 consecutive patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent TC- or TF-TAVR at our center from October 2010 to November 2019; these patients were included in this observational study. The clinical data, such as the incidence of stroke, were compared between TC- and TF-TAVR patients. The correlation between carotid artery blood block interval (CABBI) and neurological events was also analyzed. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (approval No. YL2014-32).

Results:

Patients undergoing TC-TAVR had a significantly higher incidence of stroke than those undergoing TF-TAVR (12.5% vs. 0, P < 0.001), whereas the baseline data and the incidence of other complications did not differ significantly between the patients undergoing TC- and TF-TAVR (P > 0.05). Moreover, in TC-TAVR patients, the average CABBI of stroke was significantly longer than that of nonstroke patients (61.7 ± 20.7 min vs. 25.1 ± 1.6 min, P = 0.001). The number of patients with CABBI >30 min in the stroke group was greater than that in the nonstroke group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

In the absence of the cerebral and carotid artery evaluation before TAVR, surgeons should take into consideration the time of CABBI <30 min to avoid the possibility of stroke.
Apical debris extrusion of single-file systems in curved canals
Authors: Hazar Ecehan , Özdemir Olcay , Koçak Mustafa Murat , Sağlam Baran Can , Koçak Sibel
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare the apical debris extrusion after using three different single-file systems.

Materials and Methods:

Mesial roots with curved canals of extracted mandibular molar teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to preparation techniques: the XP-endo Shaper, WaveOne Gold, and One Curve. Previously weighed Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the debris which was placed in a 35°C hot water bath. The weight of the empty tube was subtracted from the final weight after instrumentation and recorded as the amount of extruded debris. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test at a 5% level of significance and compared all groups.

Results:

XP-endo Shaper presented less debris extrusion than WaveOne Gold and One Curve (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the WaveOne Gold and the One Curve files (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

All the tested file systems caused debris extrusion. XP-endo Shaper caused less debris extrusion than WaveOne Gold and One Curve files.
Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Gunawansa Nalaka , Aziz David , Sharma Ajay , Halawa Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) remains a dreaded complication of renal transplant surgery with potentially devastating sequelae. TRAS occurring early in the posttransplant period is mainly due to technical faults related to the graft implantation process. Late TRAS, in contrast, is more the result of either progressive atherosclerotic disease in the recipient vasculature or immunological, infective, and drug toxicity-related intimal injury. The clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic incidentally detected lesions to frank stenosis causing refractory hypertension or graft dysfunction. Accurate diagnosis with prompt intervention in the clinically significant lesions is the hallmark of successful management in TRAS, thereby averting the possible risk of renal artery thrombosis and graft loss.
How to Set a Heart Transplantation Unit in India - A Narrative Review
Authors: Jayakumar T. K. , Thomas Joseph , Bhimani Dhaval
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading cause of mortality in India. This epidemiological transition is largely because of the increase in the prevalence of CVDs and CVD risk factors in India. In 2016, the estimated prevalence of CVDs in India was estimated to be 54.5 million. Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem in India with a postadmission mortality of 20%–30%. Heart transplant is the final treatment for HF if intractable to medical management. Number of heart transplantations done in India is still very less compared to the disease burden and may be attributed to less awareness for organ donation in India. As the number of heart transplantation is increased drastically in the past decade, we need to have proper information about heart transplantation program in India. This is our attempt to simplify information regarding heart transplantation for cardiothoracic units planning to start such a program.
Transplantation of Human Organs Act
Authors: Yadla Manjusha
Published: September 2021

When the transplant act was brought in by the Central Government of India, the number of centers performing organ transplants and the number of patients undergoing transplants were much lesser compared to the present-day statistics. Knowing that the shortage of organs is the driving force behind illegal organ trade, strategies for legal and ethical expansion of the donor pool should be framed. Although Transplantation of Human Organs Act (Amended 2011 and Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act Rules 2014) included swap transplantation and laid down certain rules for empowerment of deceased donor organ transplantation, certain changes are the need of the hour to expand the donor pool. Safeguarding the physicians' security and the recipient and donor rights is of prime concern in the process of organ transplantation. The present Act needs certain changes which clearly define the legal definition of brain death, legal issues involved in brain death, ethical and legal means of expansion of donor pool, and objective assessment of altruism.
Distribution and relation of arousal to ejaculatory latency time, erection to ejaculation latency time, and intravaginal ejaculation latency time in Indian men
Authors: Jhanwar Shubham , Rohilla Jitendra
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Arousal to ejaculation latency time interval (AETI) and erection to ejaculation latency time interval (EETI) are new tools used to measure ejaculatory latency time (ET). Unlike intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), they are applicable for sexual activities other than penovaginal intercourse and do not require penetration. We assessed the distribution and relation between AETI, EETI, and IELT in Indian men.

Methods:

Voluntary participation was sought to recruit subjects reporting premature ejaculation (PE) and normal ejaculation. Those able to record the ETs correctly were then asked to record their ETs for two subsequent sexual events.

Results:

A total of 26 subjects (13 – normal and 13 – PE) were able to complete the study. The mean age of the participants was 29.85 ± 4.8 years, with no difference seen between the two groups. The mean AETI, EETI, and IELT were 817 ± 592.016 s, 726 ± 566.346 s, and 582 ± 450.859 s, respectively, in normal subjects. PE subjects had significantly lesser mean ETs, AETI 80.62 ± 24.74 s, EETI 53.46 ± 25.441 s, and IELT 21 ± 14.785 s. Regression analysis found that 131.67 s of AETI and 99.58 s of EETI were equivalent to 60 s of IELT.

Conclusions:

AETI and EETI have positively skewed distribution similar to IELT. Premature ejaculators had less difference between AETI and EETI, suggesting that sexual cycle gets completed immediately following arousal in these subjects causing PE.
Thrombus Masquerading a Double J Ureteric Stent
Authors: Misra Ankit , Das Manoj Kumar , Mandal Swarnendu
Published: September 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal parenchymal malignancy found in adults. When these tumors are located centrally in the kidney and do not enhance well on contrast imaging, they may be mistaken to be urothelial in origin, and the diagnosis is established on histopathology. We present an interesting case of RCC with an atypical vermiform thrombus projecting into the urinary bladder.
Effect of Implementation of Perineal Tear Pain Management Programme on Pain Scores
Authors: Ramaswamy Karunakaran , Hooker Nicolas , Kotyra Zofia , Dhanashekaran Saravanan Solai , Soltanifar Sam , Aldamluji Niamat
Published: September 2021

Background:

Perineal tear (PT) occurs in more than 85% of the women undergoing vaginal birth and up to 11% of these can be third- and fourth-degree tears and the majority suffer from pain. Poorly managed pain can impact the mother and her capacity to look after the baby. The institution introduced a PT pain management programme (PPP) as part of a quality improvement programme. This paper is a retrospective analysis to determine the effect of this implementation on the pain scores and patient satisfaction.

Objective:

Does the PT pain management programme improve pain scores at rest 12 and 24 h post-repair? Does the programme improve maternal satisfaction?

Methods:

A pain management protocol had been implemented for women with PT from January 1, 2020. To assess the effectiveness of the protocol, data were retrieved from electronic medical records (Cerner Millennium) of 100 women who had a PT from January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2019 (pre-PPP), and 96 women who had a PT from April 1, 2020, to July 31, 2020 (post-PPP). We included consecutive women who had second-, third- and fourth-degree tears.

Results:

A significant difference in the pain scores at 12 h (mean ± SD [difference of means], 95% CI) (2.17 ± 1.11 vs. 4.5 ± 1.65 [2.33], 1.93–2.73, t (194) = 11.54, P < 0.0001) and 24 h (2.17 ± 1.11 vs. 4.32 ± 1.44 [2.15], 1.79–2.52, t (194) = 11.67, P < 0.0001) was found after the introduction of the PPP. The patient satisfaction scores after the programme were improved (8.13 ± 1.35 vs. 5.11 ± 1.72, t (194) = 13.6, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

The implementation of a pain programme for PT is associated with improvements in the pain scores and patient satisfaction. These improvements suggest that pain management protocols should be considered for women with a PT. Further prospective evaluations and work to confirm this finding would be useful in the other institutions.
Pathophysiologic and Anaesthetic Considerations in Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Pregnancy; An Update
Authors: Gupta Sunanda , Sharma Karuna , Sharma Charu , Chhabra Alka , Jeengar Lalita , Sharma Nalini
Published: September 2021

Anaemia is common during pregnancy, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide. Symptoms relating to iron deficiency can be diverse, which relate to the depletion of cellular Fe function in different tissue organs and may exist long before Fe deficiency restricts erythropoiesis and anaemia develops. It is important to understand the pathophysiological and adaptation changes occurring during anaemia as long-standing changes affect the various organ systems and may impact both maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is growing evidence linking maternal IDA with subsequent neonatal cognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes, which makes it imperative that IDA should be treated early in pregnancy. Preoperative optimization with iron therapy (oral or parenteral) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents vs replenishing O2-carrying capacity by transfusion must always be balanced against transfusion-associated risks. The anaesthetic management in parturients with severe anaemia depends on a multitude of factors, such as severity of iron deficiency anaemia, co-morbid diseases, extent of physiological compensation, and type and nature of anticipated haemorrhagic loss. This review summarizes the pathophysiological changes and adaptations consequent to oxygen delivery and iron homeostasis, therapeutic management, and anaesthetic challenges in pregnancy with IDA. It is based on electronic search strategies from Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and PubMed (up to June 2021) along with relevant college and society web-based resources, including Royal College of Obstetricians and Anaesthesiologists, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence College and Society (NICE), Patient Blood Management Guidelines and American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) practice bulletins.
Accidental Dural Puncture With An Introducer Needle (18 G) For Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Rajab Omar , Kanawati Saleh , Barada Mohamad Ali , Naja Zoher , Sinno Loubna
Published: September 2021

A 23-year-old parturient with a body mass index of 20.8 kg/m2 at term was admitted for elective caesarean section. Spinal anaesthesia was done using a 27-G pencil-point needle without an introducer guide, with the usage of a separate 18-G introducer needle. After the introduction of the introducer at the level of L4–L5, accidental free flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was seen. The introducer was withdrawn and inserted at the level of L3–L4, followed by the spinal needle. CSF backflow was seen; an anaesthetic mixture was given. Block was successful and caesarean section was done with no intraoperative complications.
Airway changes before & after delivery-does labour has any effect on the Modified Mallampati Score?
Authors: Das Akshaya Kumar , Sabharwal Nikki , Kumar Meenakshi
Published: September 2021

Background:

Changes in modified mallampati grade occur with the progress of pregnancy, labor, and delivery due to various reasons. This could lead to unanticipated difficulties in airway management, especially if the parturient were to undergo a surgical procedure in the postpartum period. Our study aimed to evaluate the change in airway parameters after delivery in parturient undergoing lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) under spinal anesthesia. Materials and

Methods:

This study was conducted at Vardhaman Mahavir (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital over a period of 18 months. A total of 160 patients posted for either elective or emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in the study (80 in each group). Airway parameters including modified mallampati grade (MMPG) were measured at various time intervals – before cesarean section (T1) and 2 h (T2), 6 h (T3), 24 h (T4), 48 h (T5), and 72 h (T6) after delivery and analyzed statistically.

Results:

Changes in MMPG occurred in 71.25% of cases in the emergency group as compared with 40% of cases in the elective group (P = 0.0001). The mean MMPG was significantly higher from 2 h up to 72 h after LSCS in the emergency group (having more patients in active labor). (P = 0.0001). Maximum changes in MMPG occurred 6 h after delivery in both groups. Normalization of MMPG to its precesarean value occurred earlier in elective patients (P = 0.0005). An association was found between the duration of labor and normalization of changes in MMPG to its preoperative value (P = 0.023).

Conclusion:

Airway changes in pregnant women are seen to worsen after emergency LSCS under spinal anesthesia and are affected by prolonged labor. Therefore, the maternal airway should be reassessed after the delivery of the baby, for any surgical procedure thereafter.
IMPACT India
Authors: Das Ashok K. , Mohan Viswanathan , Joshi Shashank , Shah Siddharth , Zargar Abdul Hamid , Kalra Sanjay , Unnikrishnan Ambika Gopalakrishnan , Kumar Ajay , Mithal Ambrish , Tandon Nikhil
Published: September 2021

India has the second largest population with diabetes mellitus in the world. Long-term, uncontrolled diabetes is associated with increased microvascular and macrovascular (commonly cardiovascular) complications and death. The large burden of uncontrolled diabetes in India could be because of lack of treatment adherence, limited access to laboratory testing, lack of physical activity, and poor dietary habits. This creates a compelling need for a greater involvement of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in improving societal awareness and regular monitoring of glycemic control, which is limited in patient outreach programs. IMPACT India, launched in November 2018, is a diabetes control program with a three-pronged approach aimed at creating an impact at the level of HCPs, society, and individuals living with diabetes. The India Diabetes Care Index (iDCI®), a quarterly aggregate index of glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), forms the backbone of IMPACT India. The program uses iDCI® to evaluate glycemic control at periodic intervals, sensitize HCPs about the glycemic control status, and optimize diabetes care by escalating pharmacotherapy including insulin whenever required. Societal awareness will be created by social media to achieve actionable awareness based on the iDCI® reports. At baseline (January 2018 to June 2018), the database (2.39 million) revealed an average glycated hemoglobin of 8.56%, FPG of 172 mg/dL, and PPG of 253 mg/dL. Also, 74% of the patients had HbA1c >7% and FPG >130 mg/dL and >83% of the patients had PPG >160 mg/dL. The IMPACT India program aims to positively impact diabetes care in India by achieving at least 1% glycated hemoglobin reduction in 1000 days.
Partial Lipodystrophy of Limbs in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shah Meet , Saboo Banshi
Published: September 2021

Rationale:

On account of the diversity and rarity of lipodystrophy, this condition may be frequently unrecognized or misdiagnosed. This tends to be concerning as it is progressive and has potentially life-threatening complications.

Patient Concerns:

The patient was referred to our clinic with chief complaints of uncontrolled glycemia and an increased frequency of urination since last 3 months. The patient complained of weakness that led to thinning of upper limb muscles, loss of fat from face, neck, and upper thorax with simultaneous increase in abdominal girth, flattening of buttocks, and reduction in girth of lower limb muscles.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed with partial lipodystrophy of limbs (PLL) based on unique clinical features, blood investigations, and a DEXA fat scan.

Interventions:

The patient was treated with basal insulin glargine, metformin 1.5 g, dapagliflozin 10 mg, pioglitazone 7.5 mg, and atorvastatin 40 mg. He was vigorously educated to follow a strict diet and an exercise plan with necessary lifestyle modifications.

Outcomes:

After 3 months, the patient achieved better glycemic control with a reduction in HbA1c from 9.5% to 7.2%, as well as an improvement in lipid profile. He additionally achieved a weight reduction of 12 kg, with reduction in his abdominal girth from 130 to 118 cm.

Lessons:

The recognition of PLL in patients with type 2 diabetes can help better clinical management by alerting physicians to the associated comorbidities. Many a times, PLL goes unnoticed on account of the slow progression. Our case highlights the need for greater recognition of PLL as it has specific metabolic features that help in guiding appropriate clinical management.
Pitfalls in Estimation of Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Authors: Mathew Anu , Rajagopal Ashok , Wasir Jasjeet Singh
Published: September 2021

Hemoglobin (Hb) Hope is a rare Hb variant which is clinically silent but causes spuriously high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). We report a case of a 45-year-old gentleman, planned for elective total hip replacement, who presented with very high HbA1c with normal blood glucose and fructosamine levels. With the suspicion of erroneous HbA1c, an Hb electrophoresis was done, and he was found to have a rare hemoglobin variant called Hb Hope. We also reviewed almost all case reports of Hb Hope variant causing spuriously high HbA1c levels from India.
Understanding Glycemic Variability
Authors: Purandare Vedavati Bharat , Bale Charan , Kakrani Arjun , Unnikrishnan Ambika Gopalakrishnan
Published: September 2021

Purpose of Review:

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, and family history are the traditional risk factors for the initiation and progression of DKD. Glycemic variability (GV) has also been considered as a risk factor for diabetes complications. Studies have already shown that GV increases the risk of macrovascular complications. The purpose of this review is to study the association of GV with DKD. Journal articles related to this topic were reviewed to get the data for this article.

In the setting of DKD, a higher GV has been observed. However, evidence to suggest GV as a risk factor for the development and progression of DKD is not sufficient. The data seem to suggest that the link between GV and diabetic microvascular complications has remained a hypothetical one, yet to be proven or disproven by appropriate studies. Randomized controlled trials using continuous glucose monitoring data will clarify the impact of GV and its management in DKD.
The Extent of Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical Practice
Authors: Gokalani Rutul , Panchal Dharmendra , Saboo Banshi , Zinzuwadia Padmanabh , Patel Dishank , Chaudhury Rupam , Chavda Vipul , Phatak Sanjeev , Prasad Renuka , Dariya S. S. , Shnakar Arun , Prajapati Ajay , Chudasama Dipak , Patel Nitesh
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim:

The cost of diabetes complication management is always much higher than the cost of diabetes treatment, even with novel and expensive molecules available. Thus, it is better to halt complications in the initial phase of the disease, rather than just treating hyperglycemia. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) is marking a new era in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), showing significant benefits for mortality, hospitalization due to heart failure, and renal complications. The usage of SGLT2 inhibitors in clinical practice is still low. The aim of our study to know the prevalence and reasons for not prescribing SGLT-2i among Indian diabetologists.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 states of India from 15 March to 31 July 2019. The primary question was asked to a doctor for the next 20 new patients at the clinic, “Was the patient initiated with SGLT-2i treatment?” If it was “Yes” the patient was excluded and if the marked option was “No” then the reason was selected for not prescribing the drug.

Results:

Out of 1132 patients, 687 (60.69%) patients were not prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors. Among them, the main reason for not prescribing SGLT-2i was cost (41.45%), followed by catabolic state (19.62%).

Conclusion:

It was found that cost is the major reason for not prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors. In spite of promising glycemic and extra glycemic benefits, it is the need of an hour to increase awareness and abetting physicians to prescribe SGLT-2 inhibitors in all appropriate patients at early stage of the disease to prevent the complications and its higher expenditure at the later stage of the disease.
Knowledge, Practice, and Barriers Regarding Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Anene-Okeke Chigozie Gloria , Mosanya Adaobi Uchenna , Osakwe Ogonna
Published: September 2021

Aims:

Self-monitoring of blood glucose can improve treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, practice, and barriers to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Settings and Design:

This study was a cross-sectional survey of 340 patients with type 2 diabetes at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) and Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (Park Lane) in August 2017.

Materials and Methods:

The data collection tool was a 26-item, four-sectioned questionnaire: the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, 11 items on knowledge, seven on practice, and eight on barriers regarding SMBG. The questionnaires were self-administered.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive, χ2, Spearman's correlation, and logistics regression statistics were reported at P < 0.05.

Results:

Majority of the patients were 46–55 years old (27.9%). Female respondents were 53.5%. Patients with good knowledge and practice were 35.9% and 46.2%, respectively. Knowledge of SMBG was negatively correlated to barrier against SMBG (r = -0.178, P=0.001) and positively correlated with practice of SMBG (r = 0.138, P=0.011). Those who were not taught SMBG were less likely to have good practice of SMBG than those who were taught (adjusted odd ratio 0.122, 95% confidence interval: 0.044–0.338).

Conclusions:

Patients with T2DM in Enugu State have poor knowledge and practice SMBG.
Elevated Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Severe Gambling Disorder: A Pilot Study in U.S. Veterans
Authors: Jaskiw George E , Chen Toby , Chapman Heather , Konicki P Eric , Chen Peijun
Published: September 2021

Gambling disorder (GD) is associated with a higher prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Whether this applies to groups such as U.S. veterans, who already have elevated ACEs, is not known. In this pilot study, we extracted ACEs from the charts of a random sample (n = 19) male veterans in residential GD treatment and compared them to those from a general veteran sample (n =154, 30 females, 124 males). The GD group had an elevated prevalence (79% vs. 37%) of three or more ACEs and a lower prevalence (5% vs. 49%) of one or fewer ACEs. Within groups with elevated ACEs, higher ACE load may still confer a higher risk of adult GD.
Self-Management Strategies for Problem Gambling in the Context of Poverty and Homelessness
Authors: Matheson Flora I , Hamilton-Wright Sarah , McLuhan Arthur , Shi Jing , Wiese Jessica L , Kryszajtys David T , Turner Nigel E , Guilcher Sara
Published: September 2021

Problem gambling and gambling disorder are serious public health issues that disproportionately affect persons experiencing poverty, homelessness, and multimorbidity. Several barriers to service access contribute to low rates of formal treatment-seeking for problem gambling compared with treatments for other addictions. Given these challenges to treatment and care, self-management may be a viable alternative or complement to formal problem gambling interventions. In this study, we described problem gambling self management strategies among persons experiencing poverty and homelessness. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 adults experiencing problem gambling and poverty/homelessness, and employed qualitative content analysis to code and analyze the data thematically. We identified five types of self-management strategies: (1) seeking information on problem gambling, (2) talking about gambling problems, (3) limiting money spent on gambling, (4) avoiding gambling providers, and (5) engaging in alternative activities. Although these strategies are consistent with previous research, the social, financial,housing, and health challenges of persons experiencing poverty and homelessness shaped their self-management experiences and approaches in distinct ways. Approaches to problem gambling treatment should attend to the broader context in which persons experience and attempt to self-manage problem gambling.
M(3000)F2 and IRI-2012 model at an equatorial latitude in the African sector
Authors: Olawepo A.O. , Adeniyi J.O. , Afolabi A.
Published: September 2021

We have used ionosonde data from Ouagadougou (Geo. Lat.12.40 N, Long. 358.50, Magnetic declination -5.1320) to study the morphology of M(3000)F2 and to investigate the performance of IRI-12 during 1991 and 1995, years of high and low solar activities respectively. Results show that M(3000)F2 exhibits diurnal and solar cycle characteristics with no distinctive monthly/seasonal features. The two peaks which characterize the diurnal M(3000)F2 during high solar activity (HSA) are reduced to just one (the sunrise peak) during low solar activity (LSA). The study also shows that IRI-12 gives good representations of the observed values of M(3000)F2 with high correlation coefficient, R ranging between 0.9 and 0.95 during LSA and 0.94 and 0.99 during HSA. The model gives its best performance in the months of April irrespective of the solar activity. It either under-estimates or over-estimates the observed values of M(3000)F2 during other months.
On the history of the Sverdlovsk branch of the URSSR Art Fund of the 1940s: the birth of the organization and the beginning of its work
Authors: Айнутдинов А.С.
Published: September 2021

Изучение сохранившихся до наших дней архивных документов Свердловского отделения Оргкомитета Союза советских художников 1930–1940-х годов позволило реконструировать последовательность событий, связанных с возникновением и организацией работы местного представительства Художественного фонда СССР, чья деятельность до настоящего времени еще не находилась в поле зрения историков искусства. В статье рассматривается первое десятилетие существования этой организации в Свердловске, главной задачей которой, начиная с ее появления, являлась материальная и социальная поддержка творцов — художников и искусствоведов.

The study of the archival documents of the Sverdlovsk branch of the Organizing Committee of the Union of Soviet Artists of the 1930s and 1940s that have survived to this day allowed us to reconstruct the sequence of events related to the emergence and organization of the work of the local representative office of the USSR Art Fund, whose activities have not yet been in the field of art historians. The article examines the first decade of the existence of this organization in Sverdlovsk, the main task of which, since its appearance, was the material and social support of creators — artists and art historians.
Artist Nikolay Simonovsky: a new image of St. Petersburg
Authors: Коган Л.Д.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена творчеству петербургского художника Н.Л. Симоновского, произведения которого находятся в известных государственных и частных собраниях. В основе методологии лежит комплексный подход: сочетание методов искусствоведения — иконологии, иконографии, герменевтики и формально-стилистического анализа. В центре внимания — рассмотрение петербургского урбанистического пейзажа в творчестве художника. Выявляется расширение образной характеристики петербургского пейзажа, где органично соединены противоположные начала, поэтическое и приземленно-бытовое. Таким образом, отмечается основное художественное завоевание Симоновского: продолжение и развитие темы поэтизации непоэтичного на примере пейзажного жанра.

The article is devoted to the work of the St. Petersburg artist Nikolay L. Simonovsky, whose works are in well-known public and private collections. The methodology is based on an integrated approach: a combination of methods of art history: iconology, iconography, hermeneutics and formal stylistic analysis. The focus is on examining the urban landscape of St. Petersburg in the artist's work. The expansion of the figurative characteristics of the Petersburg landscape is revealed, where opposite principles, poetic and mundane, are organically combined. Thus, the main artistic achievement of Simonovsky is noted: he poetizes the unethical in paintings in the landscape genre.
Folk arts and crafts of the Oirats of Mongolia: to the formulation of the problem of study
Authors: Батырева С.Г.
Published: September 2021

Народное декоративно-прикладное творчество ойратов Монголии выражает этническую ментальность в системе культуры как своеобразную, во многом уникальную форму осмысления мира. Оно формирует традиционное мироощущение номадов, претворяемое в декоративном оформлении произведений прикладного творчества. Здесь фиксируются общее и этнические особенности народной эстетики, образного мировидения монгольских народов. В анализе орнаментального декора предметной среды важно исходить из знаковой сути культурного наследия номадов, концентрируемого в тамговом комплексе, народном костюме и орнаментике. В художественной форме пластического фольклора, передаваемого из поколения в поколение, сохраняются древние архетипы мышления предков, проецируемые во взаимосвязях духовного и материального бытия номадов. Выявление их дает возможность осмыслить декоративно-прикладное искусство ойратов Монголии в традициях, основополагающих для изучения пластического фольклора калмыков России.

Folk arts and crafts of the Oirats of Mongolia expresses the ethnic mentality of culture as a kind, in many ways a unique form of understanding the world. It forms the traditional attitude of the nomads, embodied in the decorative design of works of applied art. Here the general and ethnic features of the folk aesthetics, the figurative worldview of the Mongolian peoples are recorded. In the analysis of the ornamental decor of the subject environment, it is important to proceed from the symbolic essence of the cultural heritage of the nomads, concentrated in the tamga complex, folk costume and ornamentation. In the artistic form of plastic folklore, passed down from generation to generation, the ancient archetypes of the ancestors' thinking are preserved, projected in the interconnections of the spiritual and material life of the nomads. Their identification makes it possible to comprehend the decorative and applied art of the Oirats of Mongolia in the traditions that are fundamental for the study of the plastic folklore of the Kalmyks of Russia.
Creativity of the Mongolian artist D. Enkhtaivan: stages of formation, key elements of the creative method
Authors: Шишин М.Ю.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается творческий путь современного монгольского художника Данзанбалжира Энхтайвана, который смог достичь продуктивного синтеза лучших черт монгольской и российской школ искусства. Показано, что Энхтайван сумел воспринять от российской школы гуманизм, интерес к внутреннему миру личности, стремление к профессионализму и достижению высокой художественной выразительности. Монголия же дала ему бесконечное количество тем и идей. В эволюции его творческого метода заметно, что от плоскостной трактовки, от крупных пятен в колорите своих работ художник постепенно переходит к свободному мазку, к высокой пластической выразительности формы; но одновременно в повышенной цветовой интенсивности явно просматривается влияние монгольской школы с ее декоративностью и цветовой насыщенностью. Работы художника представлены в ведущих государственных музеях и частных галереях Монголии, Германии, Польши и других стран.

The article examines the creative path of the modern Mongolian artist Danzanbaljir Enkhtaivan, who was able to achieve a productive synthesis of the best features of the Mongolian and Russian schools of art. It is shown that Enkhtaivan was able to perceive humanism from the Russian school, interest in the inner world of the individual, the desire for professionalism and the achievement of high artistic expression. Mongolia, on the other hand, gave him an infinite number of topics and ideas. In the evolution of his creative method, it is noticeable that from a flat interpretation, from large spots in the color of his works, he gradually passes to a free brushstroke, to a high plastic expressiveness of form; but at the same time, the influence of the Mongolian school with its decorative effect and color saturation is clearly seen in the increased color intensity. The artist's works are presented in leading state museums and private galleries in Mongolia, Germany, Poland and other countries.
Extremal values on the Sombor index of trees
Authors: Chen Hanlin , Li Wenhao , Wang Jing
Published: September 2021

The Sombor index of a graph is defined as where denote the degree of the vertex in . In this article, we determine the extremal values of the Sombor index of trees with some given parameters, including matching number, pendant vertices, diameter, segment number, branching number, etc. The corresponding extremal trees are characterized completely.
The energy and Sombor index of graphs
Authors: Ülker Alper , Gürsoy Arif , Kırcalı Gürsoy Necla
Published: September 2021

The energy of a graph is defined to be the sum of absolute values of eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. The Sombor index of a graph is a novel topological indexof a graph. In this paper, we study relations between energy and Sombor index of a graph in terms of its degrees. Moreover, we give upper bound for a regular graph in terms of its Sombor index.
Совершенствование оценки государственных гражданских служащих как условие успешности управления регионом
Authors: Андрюхина И.Ю. , Карама Л.Л.
Published: September 2021

Анализируются достоинства и недостатки существующих видов и методов оценки кадрового состава органов государственной власти, профессиональная служебная деятель-ность которых определяет успешность развития региона
Характеристика исходного уровня военно-патриотического воспитания
военнослужащих войск национальной гвардии РФ
Authors: Павлов И.И.
Published: September 2021

Исследуется современный уровень военно-патриотического воспитания (ВПВ), способы формирования качеств гражданина-патриота, особенности формирования позитивного от-ношения к военной службе, развития чувства личной ответственности по защите Родины, готовности переносить трудности военной службы. Определяются роль и задачи педагогической теории и практики данного вопроса