bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Materials for the Body Deformation Zones
Authors: Evin Emil
Published: December 2014

Deformation characteristics are analyzed for stress components deformation zones to move and bend. To verify the appropriateness of the proposed model were experimentally determined strength and deformation characteristics of deep-drawing steel DX 57 D, microalloyed steel HSLA , high-strength multi-phase steels DP 600 and TRIP, anti-corrosive austenitic steels A304 2B and ferritic A 430 2B by three-point bending. The analysis of the results obtained Cause and Effect matrix shows that for front impact deformation zones are more suitable austenitic steels respectively TWIP and for zones flanking the passenger compartment (cab) are preferable DP and TRIP steels.
A Study on Sloshing Frequencies of Liquid-Tank System
Authors: Kotrasova Kamila , Kormaníková Eva
Published: December 2014

Liquid storage tanks are used to store of liquids. During earthquake activity the liquid exerts impulsive and convective pressures (sloshing) on the walls and bottom of tank. In the present paper, experimental and analytical study is taken up to obtain sloshing frequency of liquid contained in rectangular calculating of circular frequencies fluid in rectangular container. Analytical results of first natural frequency are compared with experiment.
Changing the Hardness Automotive Steels at Different Strain Rate
Authors: Német Miroslav , Mihaliková Mária , Kovalčíkova Alexandra , Lišková Anna
Published: December 2014

Currently, the automotive industry used sheets of different qualities. The most common include IF (inter Interstitial Free) steel and alloyed steel. Use the sheet quality depends on the point of application in the production car. Testing and product testing is a standard part of the process of innovation and production itself. Testing of automotive steels under dynamic conditions is increasingly important. Changing the hardness HV 1 was performed on the fractured bars on the static and dynamic loading conditions. Tests were made on steel IF and S 460.
New Austenitic Creep Resistant Steels for Superheaters of USC Boilers
Authors: Kuboň Zdeněk
Published: December 2014

Current trend in increasing steam parameters in ultra-supercritical (USC) boilers requires new materials not only for membrane walls, headers and pipelines but also for superheater and reheater tubes. Newly developed austentitic steels Super304H, TP347HFG and HR3C exhibit superior resistance in steam thanks to their fine-grained microstructure, especially in case of Super304H and TP347HFG. The paper presents the results of verification of properties of these steels tubes including creep resistance of the base metal and welded joints, which show promising level of long-term creep strength of the base metal and weld joints and these results are supplemented by some new knowledge about the development of the microstructure of these steels, especially sigma phase appearance.
Comparison of Experimental Stamping Punch Machinability Made out of Unconventional Materials
Authors: Ižol Peter , Draganovská Dagmar , Hudák Juraj , Tomáš Miroslav , Beňo Jozef
Published: December 2014

The paper describes experimental stamping punch production from the view machinability and quality of stamping punch active surfaces. The tin car-body stamping punch has been chosen as a subject of experimental work. Two unconventional materials such as Textit J and Fibroflex 5 have been chosen for stamping punch. Milling strategies have been proposed, optimized and verified using CAM software SolidCAM considering the maximum Scallop Height. The final surface quality on selected areas of stamping punch shaped surface has been evaluated by surface roughness parameters Ra and Rz. These have been compared to Scallop Height set in CAM software. Manufactured areas on shaped surface were optically evaluated as well.
PU.1 Opposes IL-7–Dependent Proliferation of Developing B Cells with Involvement of the Direct Target Gene Bruton Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Christie Darah A. , Xu Li S. , Turkistany Shereen A. , Solomon Lauren A. , Li Stephen K. H. , Yim Edmund , Welch Ian , Bell Gillian I. , Hess David A. , DeKoter Rodney P.
Published: December 2014

Deletion of genes encoding the E26 transformation-specific transcription factors PU.1 and Spi-B in B cells (CD19-CreΔPB mice) leads to impaired B cell development, followed by B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 100% incidence and with a median survival of 21 wk. However, little is known about the target genes that explain leukemogenesis in these mice. In this study we found that immature B cells were altered in frequency in the bone marrow of preleukemic CD19-CreΔPB mice. Enriched pro–B cells from CD19-CreΔPB mice induced disease upon transplantation, suggesting that these were leukemia-initiating cells. Bone marrow cells from preleukemic CD19-CreΔPB mice had increased responsiveness to IL-7 and could proliferate indefinitely in response to this cytokine. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a negative regulator of IL-7 signaling, was reduced in preleukemic and leukemic CD19-CreΔPB cells compared with controls. Induction of PU.1 expression in cultured CD19-CreΔPB pro–B cell lines induced Btk expression, followed by reduced STAT5 phosphorylation and early apoptosis. PU.1 and Spi-B regulated Btk directly as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Ectopic expression of BTK was sufficient to induce apoptosis in cultured pro–B cells. In summary, these results suggest that PU.1 and Spi-B activate Btk to oppose IL-7 responsiveness in developing B cells.
Reply to: Clinical Evaluation of the Ability of a Proprietary Scoliosis Traction Chair to De-Rotate the Spine: 6-Month Results of Cobb Angle and Rotational Measurements
Authors: Donzelli Sabrina , Zaina Fabio , Negrini Alessandra , Romano Michele , Negrini Stefano
Published: December 2014

We read with interest the paper entitled Clinical evaluation of the ability of a proprietary scoliosis traction chair to de-rotate the spine: 6-month results of Cobb angle and rotational measurements by Stitzel et al. (doi: 10.4081/cp.2014.642) published recently as a brief report in the Journal Clinics and Practice. [...]
A Case of Protracted Diarrhea in a Newborn: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Mendes Catarina , Figueiredo Catarina , Mansilha Helena , Proenca Elisa , Oliveira Dulce , Lima Rosa , Carvalho Carmen
Published: December 2014

Congenital diarrhea comprises a broad range of pathologies and often requires a thor- ough workup and immediate treatment. Although rare, microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) should be included in differential diagnosis of this presentation in the neonate. We report the case of a 36-week newborn who developed signs of severe dehydration and lethargy, requiring fluid resuscitation and total parenteral nutrition. MVID was diagnosed by recognition of profuse secretory diarrhea after an exhaustive etiological investigation, confirmed by DNA analysis.
GIS compilation of coastline variability spanning 60 years in the Mackenzie Delta and Tuktoyaktuk in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Hynes S , Solomon S M , Whalen D
Published: December 2014

Digital coastlines and cliff edges from the Canadian Beaufort Sea were generated from accurately georeferenced aerial photography. These coastlines and cliff edges provide an accurate representation of the land/water interface at a given time and position along
the coastline.
Technical Note: Reanalysis of upper troposphere humidity data from the MOZAIC programme for the period 1994 to 2009
Authors: Smit H. G. J. , Rohs S. , Neis P. , Boulanger D. , Krämer M. , Wahner A. , Petzold A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. In situ observational data on the relative humidity (RH) in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UT/LS), or tropopause region, collected aboard civil passenger aircraft in the MOZAIC (Measurements of OZone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides by in-service AIrbus airCraft) programme were reanalysed for the period 2000 to 2009. Previous analyses of probability distribution functions (PDFs) of upper troposphere humidity (UTH) data from MOZAIC observations from year 2000 and later indicated a bias of UTH data towards higher RH values compared to data of the period 1994 to 1999. As a result, the PDF of UTH data show a substantial fraction of observations above 100% relative humidity with respect to liquid water. Such supersaturations, however, do not occur in the atmosphere because there is always a sufficient number of condensation nuclei available, that trigger condensation as soon as liquid saturation is slightly exceeded. An in-depth reanalysis of the data set identified a coding error in the calibration procedure from year 2000 on. The error did not affect earlier data from 1994 to 1999. The full data set for 2000–2009 was reanalysed applying the corrected calibration procedure. Applied correction schemes and a revised error analysis are presented along with the reanalysed PDF of relative humidity with respect to liquid water (RHliquid) and ice (RHice).
Energetic particle induced inter-annual variability of ozone inside the Antarctic polar vortex observed in satellite data
Authors: Fytterer T. , Mlynczak M. G. , Nieder H. , Pérot K. , Sinnhuber M. , Stiller G. , Urban J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Measurements from 2002–2011 by three independent satellite instruments, namely MIPAS, SABER, and SMR on board the ENVISAT, TIMED, and Odin satellites are used to investigate the inter-annual variability of stratospheric and mesospheric O3 volume mixing ratio (vmr) inside the Antarctic polar vortex due to solar and geomagnetic activity. In this study, we individually analysed the relative O3 vmr variations between maximum and minimum conditions of a number of solar and geomagnetic indices (F10.7 cm solar radio flux, Ap index, ≥ 2 MeV electron flux). The indices are 26 day averages centred at 1 April, 1 May, and 1 June while O3 is based on 26 day running means from 1 April–1 November at altitudes from 20–70 km. During solar quiet time from 2005–2010, the composite of all three instruments reveals an apparent negative O3 feedback associated to the geomagnetic activity (Ap index) around 1 April, on average reaching amplitudes between −5 and −10% of the respective O3 background. The O3 response exceeds the significance level of 95% and propagates downwards throughout the polar winter from the stratopause down to ∼ 25 km. These observed results are in good qualitative agreement with the O3 vmr pattern simulated with a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model, which includes particle impact ionisation.
Regression models tolerant to massively missing data: a case study in solar-radiation nowcasting
Authors: Žliobaitė I. , Hollmén J. , Junninen H.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Statistical models for environmental monitoring strongly rely on automatic data acquisition systems that use various physical sensors. Often, sensor readings are missing for extended periods of time, while model outputs need to be continuously available in real time. With a case study in solar-radiation nowcasting, we investigate how to deal with massively missing data (around 50% of the time some data are unavailable) in such situations. Our goal is to analyze characteristics of missing data and recommend a strategy for deploying regression models which would be robust to missing data in situations where data are massively missing. We are after one model that performs well at all times, with and without data gaps. Due to the need to provide instantaneous outputs with minimum energy consumption for computing in the data streaming setting, we dismiss computationally demanding data imputation methods and resort to a mean replacement, accompanied with a robust regression model. We use an established strategy for assessing different regression models and for determining how many missing sensor readings can be tolerated before model outputs become obsolete. We experimentally analyze the accuracies and robustness to missing data of seven linear regression models. We recommend using the regularized PCA regression with our established guideline in training regression models, which themselves are robust to missing data.
Measurements of methane emissions from natural gas gathering facilities and processing plants: measurement methods
Authors: Roscioli J. R. , Yacovitch T. I. , Floerchinger C. , Mitchell A. L. , Tkacik D. S. , Subramanian R. , Martinez D. M. , Vaughn T. L. , Williams L. , Zimmerle D. , Robinson A. L. , Herndon S. C. , Marchese A. J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Increased natural gas production in recent years has spurred intense interest in methane (CH4) emissions associated with its production, gathering, processing, transmission and distribution. Gathering and processing facilities (G&P facilities) are unique in that the wide range of gas sources (shale, coal-bed, tight gas, conventional, etc.) results in a wide range of gas compositions, which in turn requires an array of technologies to prepare the gas for pipeline transmission and distribution. We present an overview and detailed description of the measurement method and analysis approach used during a 20-week field campaign studying CH4 emissions from the natural gas G&P facilities between October 2013 and April 2014. Dual tracer flux measurements and onsite observations were used to address the magnitude and origins of CH4 emissions from these facilities. The use of a second tracer as an internal standard revealed plume-specific uncertainties in the measured emission rates of 20–47%, depending upon plume classification. Combining downwind methane, ethane (C2H6), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and tracer gas measurements with onsite tracer gas release allows for quantification of facility emissions, and in some cases a more detailed picture of source locations.
Open ocean dead-zone in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Karstensen J. , Fiedler B. , Schütte F. , Brandt P. , Körtzinger A. , Fischer G. , Zantopp R. , Hahn J. , Visbeck M. , Wallace D.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The intermittent appearances of low oxygen environments are a particular thread for marine ecosystems. Here we present first observations of unexpected low (<2 μmol kg-1) oxygen environments in the open waters of the eastern tropical North Atlantic, a region where typically oxygen concentration does not fall below 40 μmol kg-1. The low oxygen zones are created just below the mixed-layer, in the euphotic zone of high productive cyclonic and anticyclonic-modewater eddies. A dynamic boundary is created from the large swirl-velocity against the weak background flow. Hydrographic properties within the eddies are kept constant over periods of several months, while net respiration is elevated by a factor of 3 to 5 reducing the oxygen content. We repeatedly observed low oxygen eddies in the region. The direct impact on the ecosystem is evident from anomalous backscatter behaviour. Satellite derived global eddy statistics do not allow to estimate the large-scale impact of the eddies because their vertical structure (mixed-layer depth, euphotic depth) play a key role in creating the low oxygen environment.
"Investors are good, if they follow the rules" – power relations and local perceptions in the case of two European forestry companies in Tanzania
Authors: Locher M. , Müller-Böker U.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The rapidly increasing interest of foreign investors in land in the global South, also termed land grabbing, has been widely discussed as potentially supportive, but often rather harmful for local populations. Combining a critical livelihoods perspective with access theory and a bargaining model, this study scrutinizes local people's perceptions of the land investments, power relations during land negotiations and intra-community differences. By analysing two European forestry companies in Tanzania, we have chosen a sector and a country with presumably more positive outcomes for local populations. The deals resulted in not only labour opportunities and infrastructural improvements, which are mainly perceived as positive, but also cases of violated land rights, inadequate compensation and decreased food security. Hence, even under favourable preconditions, the consequences for local people are ambivalent. With this study, we contribute to a differentiated analysis of the contested role of large-scale land deals in contemporary rural development.
Intel Xeon Phi accelerated Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Goddard microphysics scheme
Authors: Mielikainen J. , Huang B. , Huang A. H.-L.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a numerical weather prediction system designed to serve both atmospheric research and operational forecasting needs. The WRF development is a done in collaboration around the globe. Furthermore, the WRF is used by academic atmospheric scientists, weather forecasters at the operational centers and so on. The WRF contains several physics components. The most time consuming one is the microphysics. One microphysics scheme is the Goddard cloud microphysics scheme. It is a sophisticated cloud microphysics scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The Goddard microphysics scheme is very suitable for massively parallel computation as there are no interactions among horizontal grid points. Compared to the earlier microphysics schemes, the Goddard scheme incorporates a large number of improvements. Thus, we have optimized the Goddard scheme code. In this paper, we present our results of optimizing the Goddard microphysics scheme on Intel Many Integrated Core Architecture (MIC) hardware. The Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor is the first product based on Intel MIC architecture, and it consists of up to 61 cores connected by a high performance on-die bidirectional interconnect. The Intel MIC is capable of executing a full operating system and entire programs rather than just kernels as the GPU does. The MIC coprocessor supports all important Intel development tools. Thus, the development environment is one familiar to a vast number of CPU developers. Although, getting a maximum performance out of MICs will require using some novel optimization techniques. Those optimization techniques are discussed in this paper. The results show that the optimizations improved performance of Goddard microphysics scheme on Xeon Phi 7120P by a factor of 4.7×. In addition, the optimizations reduced the Goddard microphysics scheme's share of the total WRF processing time from 20.0 to 7.5%. Furthermore, the same optimizations improved performance on Intel Xeon E5-2670 by a factor of 2.8× compared to the original code.
Short term recovery of soil physical, chemical, micro- and mesobiological functions in a new vineyard under organic farming
Authors: Costantini E. A. C. , Agnelli A. E. , Fabiani A. , Gagnarli E. , Mocali S. , Priori S. , Simoni S. , Valboa G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Deep earthwork activities carried out before vineyard plantation can severely upset soil profile properties. As a result, soil features in the root environment are often much more similar to those of the underlying substratum than those of the original profile. The time needed to recover the original soil functions is ecologically relevant and may strongly affect vine phenology and grape yield, particularly under organic viticulture. The general aim of this work was to investigate soil resilience after vineyard pre-planting earthworks. In particular, an old and a new vineyard, established on the same soil type, were compared over a five year period for soil chemical, physical, micro and mesobiological properties. The investigated vineyards (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Sangiovese) were located in the Chianti Classico district (Central Italy), on stony and calcareous soils and were not irrigated. The older vineyard was planted in 2000, after slope reshaping by bulldozing and back hoe ploughing down to about 0.8–1.0 m. The new vineyard was planted in 2011, after equivalent earthwork practices carried out in the summer of 2009. Both vineyards were organically managed and fertilized only with compost every autumn (1000 kg ha−1 per year). The new vineyard was cultivated by periodic tillage, while the old vineyard was managed with alternating grass-covered and tilled inter-rows. Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm depth from the same plots of the new and old vineyards, during the springtime from 2010 to 2014. The old vineyard was sampled in both the tilled and the grass-covered swaths. According to the results from physical and chemical analyses, the new vineyard, during the whole 2010–2014 period, showed lower TOC, N, C/N and EC values, along with higher silt and total CaCO3 contents than the old vineyard, suggesting still evolving equilibrium conditions. The microarthropod analysis showed significantly different abundances and communities' structures, in relation to both vineyard and time, increasing with rain precipitations in the old vineyard. Though the euedaphic forms, well adapted to soil life, were always rare. Microbiological analysis revealed a different structure of eubacterial communities between old and new vineyard in the whole period. However, the DGGE similarity values of such communities increased of about 2.5% per year, suggesting that at least 3 years more are needed to compare intra- and inter-specific diversity of the two vineyards. In conclusion, the consequences of deep earthworks on soil chemical, micro and mesobiological properties were still evident after four years from planting, indicating that more time is necessary for the recovery of soil functions, probably longer than that needed to obtain an economic grape production.
Role of rainwater induced subsurface flow in water-level dynamics and thermoerosion of shallow thermokarst ponds on the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Pan X. , Yu Q. , You Y.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Understanding hydrological and thermal regimes of thermokarst lakes is of great importance for predicting their responses to climate change. However, mechanism of water-level dynamics and associated thermal effects on thermoerosion of thermokarst lakes are still not well understood on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this study, we investigate two typical shallow thermokarst ponds (namely small lakes) in a warm permafrost region with thick active layer on the northeastern QTP through quantifying water budget. Results demonstrate that, rainfall induced subsurface lateral flow dominates pond water-level regime. Annual variation of pond water-level relies on areal water budget of surrounding active layer, particularly the high variable of precipitation. Besides, it is worth noting the extraordinary warming during the late ice-cover period, because marked air gap between upper ice-cover and underlying water, led by the upward thawing of thick ice-cover, might result in greenhouse-like condition due to the unique weather that strong solar radiation and little snowpack. This hydrological mechanism also exerts evident impacts on thermal regime and thermoerosion of the shallow thermokarst ponds, and they are closely related to retreat of thermokarst pondshore and underlying permafrost degradation. These findings imply a localized model addressing the unique hydrological and thermal regimes of thermokarst lakes would be essential to study the evolution of these shallow rainwater dominated thermokarst ponds on the QTP.
Portal Blood Arterialization with An Extracorporeal Device to Treat Toxic Acute Hepatic Failure in a Swine Model
Authors: Puviani Lorenza , Cavallari Giuseppe , Bonaiuto Elisabetta , Cannistrà Marco , Zullo Alessandra , Pariali Milena , Pisano Alessandro , Atzeni Francesco , Nardo Bruno
Published: December 2014

Purpose

This study aimed to determine whether a controlled portal blood arterialization by a liver extracorporeal device (L.E.O2 NARDO) is effective in treating acute hepatic failure (AHF) induced through CCl4 administration in a swine model.

Methods

20 swines with AHF induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in oil solution, were randomly divided into two groups: animals receiving L.E.O2 NARDO treatment 48 h after the intoxication (study group); animals sham operated 48 h after the intoxication (control group). Blood was withdrawn from the iliac artery and reversed in the portal venous system by an interposed extracorporeal device. Each treatment lasted 6 h. The survival was assessed at 5 days after L.E.O2 NARDO treatment or sham operation. In both groups blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis at different time points and liver biopsies were collected 48 h after intoxication and at sacrifice.

Results

We observed decreased transaminases levels and a more rapid INR recovery in the study group, as compared to the control group. Eight animals of the study group vs. two animals of the control group survived at five days after surgery with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Liver biopsies performed at sacrifice showed a reduction of the damaged hepatic areas in the study group as compared to the control group.

Conclusions

Arterial blood supply in the portal system through the L.E.O2 NARDO device is easily applicable, efficacious, and safe in a swine model of AHF induced by CCl4 intoxication.
الافتتاحية
Authors: Laude Patrick
Published: December 2014

يتّجه العديدُ من المتدينين المعاصرين إلى التّركيز على عالمِ الآخرة، وكذلك على الجوانبِ الأخلاقيةِ والاجتماعية، مع اهتمام ضئيل نسبيا بالبيئة الطبيعية. والسبب في ذلك أن هؤلاء يعتبرون في كثير من الأحيان أن البيئة تمثل هذه الحياة الدنيا، التي عزموا على الترفع عنها، إذا لم يتمكنوا من السيطرة عليها أو تجاوزها، وهذا ما يلحظونه. وبشكل خاص لدى (عشاق الطبيعة) و (البيئة) الذين يركزون فقط من وجهة نظرهم على هذه الأرض باعتبارها الجنة الطبيعية والغاية في حد ذاتها، وهذا كفيل في نظر المتدينين أن يعرقل سعيهم إلى الله.
يحرص المؤمنون كذلك على التأكيد على القدرة الكاملة لله في الكون، وبالتالي التقليل من قدرة وتأثير الإنسان على الدراما الكونية. وهكذا، فإن التركيز المفرط على (قدرة الله) قد يؤدي إلى نتيجة ينعدم فيها الشعور بالمسؤولية الكونية. وقد يتجلى هذا في الرد -الذي أسفني- لأحد الإنجيليّين المتديّنين عند ذكر خطورة الأزمة البيئية الحالية، أجاب بقوله: (لا تقلق، الله سيرعاها). هذا الاتجاه يقابله ذلك المشهد الرائع من النشاط المحموم والنفي الكلي لقدرة الله على الكون، والذي يميّز العقليّة العلمانيّة عند غالبيّة الناس ولو كانت، في بعض الأحيان، تعتبر نفسها أنها متدينة.
كما يفهم أن هذه المواقف قد تكون آنية، وتستند إما على الجهل، أو على أقل تقدير على الإهمال لمبدأين أساسيين في الدين: الأول يقرر أن جذور الطبيعة هي في الأصل من الله من حيث أن الجمال والعظمة في الطبيعة البكر تعكسان الصفات الإلهية، وبالتالي اقترنت الطبيعة بصفة القدسية. والثاني يكمن في المسؤولية التي تعهّد بها الخالق للبشريّة لرعاية الطبيعة، وهو يمثل امتيازًا للبشرية وهبة لها من الله.
و(هيمنة) الإنسان على الطبيعة ليست رخصة لنهبها، ومثل هذه المسؤولية مثل السلطة التي وهبها الله للوالدين على أبنائهما التي لا ينبغي أن تضفي الشرعية على الإساءة أيا كانت. وبالتالي، فإن عملية الإستعادة الجذرية للوعي البيئي من المنظور الديني تفترض في آن واحد الشعور بالحضور الإلهي في العالم وفهم الوظيفة البشرية الميتافيزيقية في الكون.
إن من الممكن التوصل إلى مقياس للوعي البيئي من دون إيجاد نظرة موحّدة لله والكون والطبيعة كما نلاحظ ذلك في شمال أوروبا العلمانية، التي نجحت نسبيا، إلا أنها تجاهلت الطبيعة كرمز والحضرة الإلهية، وبالتالي ظلت هذه التجربة، في كثير من الأحيان، سطحية، نفعية، أو عاطفية أو مجرد واعظة.
إنَّ من المؤكّد أنّ الديانات التقليدية تعلّم أتباعها أن يعوا مبدأي التنزيه (Transcendence) والتشبيه (Immanence)، أو الإله الماورائي، المنّزه عن أي تشبيه (Divine Beyond)، والحضرة الإلهيّة (Divine Presence) أوفي ما يتعلق بالسلطة الإلهية وحرية الإنسان ومسؤوليته.
المؤمنون اليوم بحاجة إلى أن يدركوا تماما أنّ الحياة الدنيا مستمدّة من الماورائي وتعكسها، وفي نهاية الأمر، إنّ القدرة الإلهية لا تنفي ولا تلغي القدرات البشرية وواجباتها، ولكن في الواقع تعززها وتثريتها.
الإسلام والبيئة
Authors: Windsor Charles
Published: December 2014

يلقي أمير ويلز خطاب يناقش علاقة البيئة بالإسلام. و من خلال خطابه يتطرق لعدة مسأل تخص الطبيعة و تدهور البيئة المستمر في معظم دول العالم. و يرى أن الإنقسام الحالي هو بين الإنسان و الطبيعة، مما يساعد على زيادة الأضرار في البيئة بالأضافة إلى زيادة نسبة الإستهلاك. مما يعنى أن "أمن العالم الغذائي" سوف يكون غير مستقر، ويعدد أن هناك جوانب سوف تتضرر إن لم نعتني بالبيئة و نقلل من نسبة الأضرار. فالأضرار البيئة يجب أن تكون أهم من الأزمات المالية التي تجذب الوسائل الإعلامية، و لكن الأزمات البيئة نادراً ما تجذب الإعلام. و هذا بسبب أن ثقافة الإنسان اليوم "لا تؤمن كثيراً بالروح" ، و لكن "إذا تجاهلنا نداء الروح ندمر الطبيعة". و لذلك يلجأ إلى الإسلام ليوضح أهمية الإعتناء بالبيئة و أهمية "المركز الذي يحافظ على العلاقة بين الإنسان و الطبيعة". و يذكر أنه إذا أستمر الإنسان بإنكار وجود أزمة بيئية فسوف نواجه "إنهيار كارثي" لأنظمة الطبيعة و البيئة.
البلد الحرام: أول محمية بيئية حقيقية في بلاد العرب
Authors: Hjabash Muhammad
Published: December 2014

تقوم هذه الورقة بدراسة دعوات الأنبياء التي تدعو بالإحسان للأرض و للمخلوقات المتواجدة في الطبيعة. و يتم الاستدلال بالنصوص القرآنية و الأحداث التي تدل و تشير إلى أهمية الآهتمام و المحافظة على البيئة. و توضح تلك الأمثلة إلى أن دعوات و رسالات الأنبياء كانت مليئة بالتعاليم التي أصبحت تستخدم اليوم في عصرنا الحديث. و يتطرق البحث لتحليل الأحكام الشرعية مثل حكم الشهر الحرام و كيفية قرأة الحكم من منظور حماية الطبيعة و مخلوقاتها، و يشير ذلك على أن الشهر الحرام لم يقتصر على الإنسان فقط و إنما أخذ بعين الاعتبار سائر المخلوقات. و بذلك يتم الاقرار بأن الإسلام لا يدعو فقط للعبادة و لكنه يدعم من خلال الأنبياء و القرآن الكريم و الأحاديث للحفاظ على البيئة و الأهتمام بها، و لو تم تطبيق تلك التعاليم لأصبح "العالم الإسلامي قطعة جنة".
فقه البيئة في الإسلام
Authors: Sway Mustafa Abu
Published: December 2014

يهدف البحث لمعرفة وظيفة الإنسان تجاه البيئة من حيث منظور إستخلاف الإنسان و تسخيره في الأرض و مسؤوليته لإعمار الأرض. و من ثم يتم شرح تلك المناظير من خلال إستخدام و إستخراج الآيات القرآنية التي تدعم و تبرهن أن للإنسان دور و واجب مهم تجاه الطبيعة و الحيوانات. حتى أن التحليلات تشير إلى أنه بالرغم من أن الإنسان دوره الأساسي هو العبودية، إلا أن الأهتمام بالبيئة و المحافظة عليها يعد نوعاً من أنواع العبودية. و يقوم البحث على إيجاد أن الإيمان له أثر على البيئة و بذلك زيادة الإيمان يعنى أن البيئة ستتحسن و تقل نسبة الكوارث البيئة أيضاً. و الهدف هو توضيح أن إذاء الحيوانات أو النباتات أو الطبيعة بشكلٍ عام له عواقب للإنسان في الدنيا و الآخرة.
المسألة البيئيّة في الأديان الإبراهيميّة
Authors: Inaya Ezzadin
Published: December 2014

تتناول هذه الورقة مسألة البيئة، ويبحث عن الجدل التي أثارت تلك القضية بين المعتقدات البشرية، و يركز على وجه الخصوص، التطرق لها من منظور الديانات الإبراهيمية. و يحلل كيف تناولت الديانات الإسلام والمسيحية واليهودية تلك المسألة، من خلال استدعاء تراثها الديني.. كما يتناول المقال، كيفية تعاملت الديانات الإبراهيمية مع الأزمة البيئية التي ظهرت في عالمنا المعاصر وذلك من خلال الاقتباس من الشواهد والقصص الواردة في الكتب المقدسة.
المسؤوليّة البيئيّة من منظور الأديان التوحيديّة: قراءة في الطرح الإسلاميّ
Authors: Mbarek Ali Ben
Published: December 2014

تتناول الورقة مصطلح " المسؤولية البيئية "، ويحاول تحليل أبعاده المختلفة، والإجابة عن الإشكالات والتساؤلات التي يثيرها هذا المفهوم في مجال التطبيقات في الجوانب الحياة المختلفة في عالمنا المعاصرة. ويتطرق الكاتب لتحليل الواقع البيئي اليوم من خلال النظرة الإسلامية، ومقاصد الشريعة. كما يركز الكاتب ف التعمق في مفهوم الاستخلاف وعلاقته بالمسؤولية البيئية، بهدف إيجاد حلول ناجعة للأزمة البيئية المعاصرة.
Diálogos à flor da pele... Nota sobre as saudações na Amazônia
Authors: Erikson Philippe
Published: December 2014

O tema das saudações não é inteiramente novo para a área amazônica. Entretanto, é preciso observar que são essencialmente as formas de saudação extraordinárias que têm retido a atenção dos americanistas. Sabemos muito mais sobre os sofisticados diálogos rituais praticados em encontros de caráter cerimonial que sobre as práticas cotidianas. Gostaria então de deter-me um pouco sobre a arte e a maneira de se saudar entre algumas etnias amazônicas (Matis e Chacobo, particularmente), o que não me impedirá de sucumbir ao costume de dizer algumas palavras sobre as saudações extraordinárias que anteriormente se praticavam no seio de uma entre elas, os Chacobo da Amazônia boliviana. A hipótese que proporei aqui é que a maior codificação das fórmulas de saudação chacobo, em comparação àquelas dos Matis, não é sem relação com suas diferenças no plano da organização social e política.
Empleadas Domésticas y Empleadoras en la Configuración del Trabajo Doméstico en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: entre la administración del tiempo, la organización del espacio y la gestión de las 'maneras de hacer'
Authors: Canevaro Santiago
Published: December 2014

Este artículo analiza la gestión, la negociación y las disputas que se generan entre empleadoras y empleadas domésticas cuando se ponen en juego la organización de las tareas de limpieza y de cuidado de los niños dentro del hogar de las primeras. En especial, nos centraremos en la forma que adquieren la gestión y la organización del trabajo analizando la dinámica de conflictos, disputas y arreglos que surgen entre ambas en torno a las `maneras de hacer´ (De Certeau, 1996) el trabajo doméstico, así como respecto de la administración del tiempo y de los espacios compartidos. El argumento principal del artículo pretende mostrar cómo, por más precisas que sean las instrucciones brindadas por las empleadoras, tanto el hecho de tener sus propias ideas sobre la forma en que a práctica debe ser realizada, como la separación con respecto a las empleadoras, hacen que las empleadas realicen sus labores a partir de sus propios conocimientos e ideas. Los esfuerzos y las posibilidades que tengan las empleadoras para lograr su objetivo están influenciados por su situación laboral, mientras que la capacidad de utilizar “tácticas” por parte de las empleadas estará condicionada por la modalidad de trabajo de que se trate ‒“con cama” y “con retiro”.
O Messias Entretanto Já Chegou. Relendo Balandier e o Profetismo Africano na Pós-Colónia
Authors: Blanes Ruy Llera
Published: December 2014

Uma das teorias mais marcantes na antropologia africanista das últimas décadas foi a proposta de Georges Balandier sobre a “situação colonial” e, nomeadamente, o seu retrato do surgimento de movimentos religiosos de carácter messiânico ou profético na região do Congo no contexto de reivindicações anti-coloniais mais ou menos politizadas. Neste artigo pretendo revisitar as principais teorias de Balandier a partir do estudo de caso de duas igrejas cristãs proféticas da mesma região - o Kimbanguismo e o Tocoismo – onde desenvolvi, junto com o meu colega Ramon Sarró, trabalho de terreno em Portugal e Angola. Este exercício de reflexão sobre o papel do profetismo contemporâneo no Congo e em África será igualmente uma reivindicação da pertinência e actualidade da produção científica de Balandier, um dos grandes nomes das ciências sociais francesas do século XX.
Agentes Comunitários de Saúde: Transitando e atuando em diferentes racionalidades no rio Tapajós, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Wawzyniak João Valentin
Published: December 2014

Analisar a atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde - ACS - em comunidades ribeirinhas do rio Tapajós, estado do Pará, Brasil, é o principal objetivo deste artigo. Esses agentes são considerados - por organismos internacionais, nacionais e estaduais - como elementos fundamentais na atenção primária à saúde por serem membros da comunidade onde atuam. Entretanto, nas suas atividades cotidianas, transitam no espaço fronteiriço entre o modelo terapêutico tradicional e o biomédico, e entre a racionalidade das políticas públicas em saúde e a lógica política local. Pretende-se compreender como os ACSs articulam tais esferas segundo orientações culturais, bem como as implicações da implementação e execução de políticas públicas em saúde direcionadas à população ribeirinha. O material etnográfico foi obtido durante pesquisa de campo realizada entre 2005 e 2007 nas comunidades ribeirinhas situadas no perímetro da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós e nas cidades de Santarém e Belterra.
Conhecimento tradicional, biodiversidade e repartição de benefícios: o caso dos produtores de óleo de buriti de Palmeira do Piauí
Authors: Matta Priscila
Published: December 2014

A aplicação do marco legal que dispõe sobre o acesso ao conhecimento tradicional associado e ao patrimônio genético provenientes de comunidades locais e de povos indígenas conecta questões locais e globais e nesta interface encontram-se algumas empresas que tem interesse em realizar bioprospecção e desenvolvimento tecnológico a partir desses campos de pesquisa. Questões como direitos culturais, propriedade intelectual, formas de representação local, continuidade e transformação do conhecimento tradicional e repartição de benefícios estão em pauta nesse contexto. Proponho uma reflexão sobre estes temas a partir do estudo do caso que envolve o acesso ao conhecimento tradicional associado ao patrimônio genético referente ao óleo de buriti conduzido por uma empresa nacional de cosméticos junto a produtores de óleo de buriti em um município no Piauí.
Homo clonicus: ¿entre la naturaleza y la cultura?
Authors: Stolcke Verena
Published: December 2014

A criação da ovelha clonada Dolly em 1997 é apenas um exemplo dos avanços vertiginosos em biotecnologia que foram impulsionados pelo fascínio que a conquista dos últimos segredos da vida exerce sobre os cientistas. No presente artigo, pretendo tratar de três dimensões antropológicas que geralmente ficam ocultas no desenvolvimento das ciências chamadas naturais. Em primeiro lugar, a biotecnologia, longe de transgredir a suposta oposição vigente entre natureza e cultura, mostra o caráter histórico-cultural do dualismo cartesiano. Em segundo lugar, para compreender a clonagem em toda a sua significação sociocultural e material é preciso, de fato, fazer uma análise ao mesmo tempo biológica e antropológica que dê atenção à interação entre cultura e natureza. Finalmente, em terceiro lugar, apenas uma interpelação feminista da biotecnologia, assim como da clonagem, será capaz de divisar o porquê dos “óvulos de ouro”.
Negócios & dádivas: relações de mercado em um contexto de reciprocidade
Authors: Brussi Júlia Dias Escobar
Published: December 2014

Mercado e dádiva são comumente apresentados como esferas de relações sociais radicalmente distintas e até opostas. No presente artigo, busco debater os limites e interações entre tais campos, a partir de pesquisa etnográfica realizada no povoado de Alto Alegre (CE). Tenho por principal objetivo enfatizar o modo como a força moral das relações primárias pode influenciar, positiva ou negativamente, as tentativas de estabelecer um negócio na comunidade. A relação entre dádiva, obrigação e liberdade, apresentada por Mauss, assim como o trabalho de Sahlins acerca da influência mútua entre reciprocidade e distância social, servem de base para a reflexão sobre essa interface entre economia moral e economia mercantil.
Identidades, saberes, memoria histórica y prácticas comunitarias. Indígenas tobas migrantes en la ciudad de La Plata, capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Tamagno Liliana
Published: December 2014

Un trabajo de investigación sostenido desde 1985 con gente toba migrante en la ciudad de La Plata (Argentina) nos permite afirmar que no es cierto que han perdido su identidad, si por identidad entendemos un sentido de continuidad y una memoria coherente que evidencia el reconocerse en un origen común y que se objetiva en prácticas comunitarias. Prácticas comunitarias que se expresan no sólo en la insistencia en vivir juntos sino también y como consecuencia de ello, en el uso de la lengua de origen y en la vigencia de los lazos de parenteco establecidos según la tradición. Los testemonios, que acusan la fuerza de la memoria y de los proprios saberes, muestran que son capazes de reflexionar sobre si mismos y sobre la sociedad de la cual forman parte y actuar en consecuencia, de resolver situaciones manteniendo su distintividad. También nos muestran que no han estado a los márgenes y que no están excluidos, aunque su inclusión en la sociedad nacional haya estado mediada por la imposición de las leyes de la sociedad de mercado que, mediante la expropriación del territorio que ocupaban, los diezmó y confinó, conviertiéndolos en mano de obra esclava al servicio de los emprendimientos productivos que el blanco estableciera en la región de origen. Abstract Investigation began in 1985 with Toba migrants in the city of La Plata, Argentina, allow us to say it is not certain they have lost their identity, if by identity we mean a sense of continuity and a coherent memory that makes evident a feeling of recognition around a common origin and that objectifies itself in communal practices. The latter express themselves not only in an insistence on living together but also in the use of a origin language and in kinship bonds established according to a tradition. Testimonies showing the force of memory and local knowledge are also able of reflection on themselves and on the society of which they are a part and act in consequence, maintaining their distinction. They also show us that these migrants are not in the margins and have not been excluded, even if their inclusion in the national society has been mediated by imposition of the laws of market society, which, through expropriation of their territory, have killed and confined them, converting them in slave labor to the service of enterprises established in the region by whites.
Em defesa do livro  intelectuais e imprensa nos anos 90
Authors: Travancas Isabel
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir as representações simbólicas do livro e da literatura na França e no Brasil nos anos 90, a partir de duas perspectivas distintas. A primeira delas se baseia na leitura dos suplementos literários de dois jornais franceses e de dois brasileiros  Le Monde, Libération, Jornal do Brasil e Folha de S. Paulo. A outra tem como fonte o discurso de trinta e seis entrevistados do mundo intelectual francês e brasileiro, no qual discutem como se constróem estas representações em duas sociedade modernas complexas e letradas tão distintas culturalmente. Também faz parte desta análise uma breve discussão sobre o campo intelectual nos dois países, sua articulação com a imprensa e, mais especificamente, com os suplementos literários. Concluindo, é possível afirmar que o grupo entrevistado e os cadernos analisados fazem uma defesa do livro e enfatizam a escrita e a literatura como um valor, de maneira muito intensa e semelhantes nos dois países. Abstract The present work intends to discuss the symbolic representation of the book and of literature both in France and in Brazil during the 90s from two distinct perspectives. The first one is based on the reading of literary supplements from two major newspapers from each country. The second one is based on interviews with 36 intellectuals, both French and Brazilian, in which they discuss the way this representation is built in two complex modern literary societies with so many cultural differences. We also discuss briefly the intellectual field in both countries, articulating it with the press, more specifically with literary supplements. Finally it is possible to say that the group we interviewed and the supplements we analyzed in both countries are a defense of the book and emphasize - in a similarly strong fashion - writing and literature as a value.
O Meio como o Lugar da História
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia De Mendonça
Published: December 2014

Neste artigo pretendo formular alguns princípios gerais de uma teoria Javaé da ação ou da criação da realidade, ou de como a realidade social é criada/transformada através da agência humana (uma definição de "história"). Nessa teoria nativa, expressa através da mitologia e das práticas sociais, o sujeito da criação não é a mente de um indivíduo racional e independente, mas uma relação entre dois sujeitos/corpos. Toda criação, seja dos corpos dos filhos ou das formas sociais, é pensada como o produto paradoxal da interação/fusão entre um corpo masculino e um feminino, um eu e um outro, continuidade e mudança. Como não há uma separação entre matéria e espírito, corpo e mente ou natureza e cultura, toda criação é concebida como procriação, de modo que o estudo dos conceitos e práticas corporais é também o estudo da etno-história Javaé.
Falar na Rádio como Estratégia Política. Retrato etnográfico do racha entre entidades afro-culturais de Ilhéus, Bahia
Authors: Nogueira Silvia Garcia
Published: December 2014

Em 2002 ocorreu um racha entre representantes de entidades que integram o Conselho de Entidades Afro-Culturais de Ilhéus (CEACI) e o grupo do presidente do Conselho. Na ocasião, os dissidentes procuraram os meios de comunicação do município para denunciar a conduta do presidente e fazer pressão para que ele esclarecesse pontos de sua administração. O veículo mais utilizado foi o rádio. "Ir à rádio" faz parte de uma estratégia política utilizada por diversos segmentos sociais. O recurso é empregado geralmente quando outras formas de apelo falharam. Deste modo, este artigo pretende fornecer uma breve descrição analítica do evento ocorrido – uma espécie de retrato etnográfico –, e dos papéis da rádio naquele contexto, tendo como cenário, e matéria-prima, os acontecimentos que se desenvolveram nas emissoras locais.
Deus Salve Casa Santa, Morada de Foliões. Rito, Memória e Performance Identitária em uma Festa Rural no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Lopes José Rogério
Published: December 2014

O texto analisa as mudanças ocorridas no ritual de devoção aos Santos Reis, em uma festa rural tradicional do município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, na região do Alto Vale do Paraíba (SP). A festa tem tradição de mais de quarenta anos, realizada em um bairro rural formado por migrantes mineiros. Por ocasião do falecimento dos "antigos foliões" do bairro, a festa deixa de ser realizada por dois anos, sendo retomada em 1999 por descendentes daqueles, sob novos condicionamentos culturais, como a utilização de meios eletrônicos e dramatizações que recorrem à memória dos antepassados. Essas novas mediações produzem gradativamente um ritual em memória dos antigos foliões em simultaneidade com o ritual devocional tradicional. Descreve-se historicamente a formação do bairro e expõe-se uma etnografia das mudanças recentes no ritual festivo, de forma a localizar os elementos tradicionais e de mudanças que interferem na continuidade do ritual, no meio rural, buscando reconhecer as novas mediações produzidas nas devoções populares.
O Tempo Mítico na Conformação da Nação. O Culto a São Sebastião na Fronteira Austral Argentino-Chilena
Authors: Silla Rolando
Published: December 2014

Um dos postulados de Benedict Anderson é que se começou a imaginar a nação só quando, entre outras coisas, mudou a concepção do tempo; ou seja, passou-se do "tempo messiânico" (uma simultaneidade do passado e do futuro em um presente instantâneo) ao "tempo homogêneo" (em que a simultaneidade é transversa, de tempo cruzado, não marcada pela prefiguração e pela realização, mas sim pela coincidência temporal, medida pelo relógio e pelo calendário). Neste artigo partiremos dos relatos feitos por camponeses em Las Ovejas (Argentina) sobre quando decidiram contrabandear do Chile uma imagem de São Sebastião e sobre a confusão que fizeram ao acreditar que um guerreiro romano fosse um pastor. Dessa maneira, os camponeses do Alto Neuquén viram um soldado mártir dos começos do cristianismo como um criador de ovelhas, "e como reprodução de si mesmos". Concordamos com Anderson que isto implica uma concepção "não moderna" do tempo, e talvez tampouco do espaço. Do que discordamos, e queremos ressaltar, é que não é necessária uma interpretação linear do tempo para que uma nação possa ser pensada e constituída.