bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review of responsible leadership
Authors: Greige Frangieh Charbel , Khayr Yaacoub Hala
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This study aims to provide a point of reference and another of guidance for future research on the topic of responsible leadership by exploring its challenges, outcomes and practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of the literature, originally adopted from the medical sciences but also used in management and leadership studies, was conducted to integrate research in an organized, translucent and reproducible manner. The final sample of 46 empirical and conceptual studies were scientifically screened and synthesized.

Findings

The synthesis revealed that balancing stakeholder needs, personal characteristics and organizational structures are the main challenges against responsible leadership, whereas financial benefits, employees-related benefits and reputational gains among others are the main outcomes. Practices pinpointed, while scarce, are represented in nurturing a stakeholder culture, and engaging employee-related and human-resource-responsible functions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the development of responsible leadership.
Servitization as reinforcement, not transformation
Authors: Salonen Anna , Saglam Onur , Hacklin Fredrik
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain why product-centric manufacturers utilize advanced services not as vehicles of transformation, but of reinforcement, to strengthen their established business model logic based on selling products and basic product-related services.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical basis of this study relies on an in-depth case study of a globally operating manufacturer of industrial pumps and related services. The data includes 31 interviews conducted over several years of in-depth collaboration with the studied firm.

Findings

Product-centric manufacturers utilize advanced services as engagement platforms to facilitate the external and internal engagement of the actors and the resources controlled by them. Externally, advanced services facilitate access to customer decision makers and insights into their latent needs. Internally, advanced services help the manufacturer to more effectively leverage resources that reside within its different organizational units. Ultimately, in leveraging advanced services as engagement platforms, the manufacturer seeks to boost activities with the greatest immediate impact on its market performance: the sale of products and basic product-related services.

Practical implications

The study explains why managers should invest into development of advanced services even if such services contribute only marginally to the manufacturer’s direct revenues and profits.

Originality/value

This study contributes to development of an alternative explanation of servitization that departs from the current paradigmatic assumptions in the field.
Predicting the behavior of welded angle connections in fire using artificial neural network
Authors: Saedi Daryan Amir , Yahyai Mahmood
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to predicting the behavior of welded angle connections (moment-rotation-temperature) in fire using artificial neural network 10.

Design/methodology/approach

An artificial neural networking model is described to predict the moment-rotation response of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints at elevated temperature.

Findings

Data from 47 experimental fire tests and verified finite element model are used for training and testing and validating the neural network models. The model’s predicted values are compared with actual test results. The results indicate that the models can predict the moment-rotation-temperature behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints with very high accuracy. The developed model can be modified easily to investigate other parameters that influence the performance of joints in fire.

Originality/value

The results indicate that the models can predict the moment-rotation-temperature behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints with very high accuracy. The developed model can be modified easily to investigate other parameters that influence the performance of joints in fire.
Think outside: positive risk-taking with people living with dementia
Authors: Mapes Neil
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to share findings from the evaluation of dementia adventure (DA) holidays provided in 2016 and drawing on these data, to share reflections on positive risk-taking, which are inherent in outdoor activities, and consider the implications for research and practice with people with dementia.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are drawn from the 2016 internal evaluation report, using mixed methods design, of DA holidays independently reviewed by Dr Ruth Bartlett at the University of Southampton.

Findings

DA holidays are leading to a range of social, emotional and physical well-being outcomes, as well as wider benefits for the community of people with dementia, their family and carers.

Practical implications

Drawing on what positive risk-taking means for individuals, families and organisations, top ten considerations for positive risk taking outdoor activities are presented.

Originality/value

The number of organisations providing adventure experiences and holidays for people with dementia in the UK remains very low with just a handful of organisations. The impact and evaluation of these holidays is just emerging and whilst compelling needs replication, with larger sample sizes supported by clinical and scientific expertise to deepen our understanding of the impact of positive risk-taking outdoor activities. Additionally, there is a need for thinking and acting differently summarised by the phrase “THINK OUTSIDE” in developing a wide range of nature based positive risk-taking activities with people with dementia.
Decision-making dynamics between Spanish mothers, fathers and children
Authors: Carrero Isabel , Aleti Torgeir
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the roles of mothers, fathers and children in family decision-making (FDM) processes in families with different characteristics in terms of household structure, parents’ resources and family communication styles. As several structural changes regarding families have taken place within the last decades, there is a need to update the theories around FDM – in particular, regarding to the role of women and children.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was distributed to 520 individuals in 183 families, where mothers, fathers and children above nine years living at home completed the survey.

Findings

The study demonstrates that the product category largely influences FDM dynamics, as well as housework division, parental characteristics and communication style. The study also reveals that structural changes may put more pressure on mothers. This pressure can partly be relieved if the family encourages children to become independent consumers rather than trying to control their consumption. Moreover, when fathers take a larger part in the housework, traditional gender roles become more fluid.

Social implications

For policymakers concerned with equality within the family, it may be a better approach to enable fathers to more actively participate in household chores than to try to change behaviour through information about equality.

Originality/value

This study extends the understanding of FDM in contemporary households by taking into account the views of all family members and produces a more complete picture of the decision-making dynamics within families.
Gender-based food stereotypes among Turkish university students
Authors: Basfirinci Cigdem , Cilingir Uk Zuhal
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This study aims to investigate gendered meanings of food and its relationship with identity management for Turkish university students’ food practices and beliefs.

Design/methodology/approach

Methodologically, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in this study as a complementary way. Data were collected from a total of 711 university students.

Findings

Taken together, the findings strongly support gender-based food stereotypes as consistent with previous literature with some cultural variations. As another important finding, gendered associations of foods are stronger than those of non-alcoholic beverages among Turkish university students.

Originality/value

In terms of original contribution, this study not only provides valuable information about young consumers’food beliefs and practices in terms of gender-based stereotypes and identity management, but also enriches the current literature, specifically focusing on Turkey, which has a completely different cultural background as compared to Europe, the USA and the Far East. To the best of authors’knowledge, this is the very first study on this subject specifically focusing on Turkish consumers’ gift-buying behaviors through the internet channel.
Editorial: migration studies to determine risk and cause of inflammatory bowel disease—authors’ reply
Authors: Damas Oriana M. , Schwartz Seth J. , Abreu Maria T.
Published: July 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Kuenzig and Benchimol and Dasmas and Schwarts et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14186 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14200.
Tissue microarray methodology identifies complement pathway activation and dysregulation in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Loveless Sam , Neal James W. , Howell Owain W. , Harding Katharine E. , Sarkies Patrick , Evans Rhian , Bevan Ryan J. , Hakobyan Svetlana , Harris Claire L. , Robertson Neil P. , Morgan Bryan Paul
Published: July 2017

The complement pathway has potential contributions to both white (WM) and grey matter (GM) pathology in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). A quantitative assessment of complement involvement is lacking. Here we describe the use of Tissue MicroArray (TMA) methodology in conjunction with immunohistochemistry to investigate the localization of complement pathway proteins in progressive MS cortical GM and subcortical WM. Antibodies targeting complement proteins C1q, C3b, regulatory proteins C1 inhibitor (C1INH, complement receptor 1 (CR1), clusterin, factor H (FH) and the C5a anaphylatoxin receptor (C5aR) were utilised alongside standard markers of tissue pathology. All stained slides were digitised for quantitative analysis. We found that numbers of cells immunolabelled for HLA‐DR, GFAP, C5aR, C1q and C3b were increased in WM lesions (WML) and GM lesions (GML) compared to normal appearing WM (NAWM) and GM (NAGM), respectively. The complement regulators C1INH, CR1, FH and clusterin were more abundant in WM lesions, while the number of C1q+ neurons were increased and the number of C1INH+, clusterin+, FH+ and CR1+ neurons decreased in GM lesions. The number of complement component positive cells (C1q, C3b) correlated with complement regulator expression in WM, but there was no statistical association between complement activation and regulator expression in the GM. We conclude that TMA methodology and quantitative analysis provides evidence of complement dysregulation in MS GML, including an association of the numerical density of C1q+ cells with tissue lesions. Our work confirms that complement activation and dysregulation occur in all cases of progressive MS and suggest that complement may provide potential biomarkers of the disease.
INEQUALITY AND GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES: WHY PHYSICAL AND HUMAN CAPITAL MATTER
Authors: Benos Nikos , Karagiannis Stelios
Published: July 2017

We investigate the relationship between economic growth and top income inequality under the influence of human and physical capital accumulation, using an annual panel of U.S. state‐level data. Our analysis is based upon the “unified” framework offered by Galor and Moav (2004) while the empirics account for cross‐section dependence, parameter heterogeneity, and endogeneity, in nonstationary series. We conclude that changes in inequality do not influence growth, neither in the short run nor in the long run in the United States as a whole in the 1929–2013 period. Our findings are robust to the inclusion of overall income inequality measures. These findings provide support for the theoretical prediction of the unified theory of inequality and growth, according to which the growth effect of inequality becomes insignificant in the latest stages of economic development that the United States experiences during our period of investigation. Therefore, future policies aiming at moderating the concentration at the upper end of income distribution are not likely to have adverse growth consequences in developed countries such as the United States. (JEL I21, O47, C23)
John Cunningham virus conversion in relation to natalizumab concentration in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: van Kempen Z. L. E. , Leurs C. E. , de Vries A. , Vennegoor A. , Rispens T. , Wattjes M. P. , Killestein J.
Published: July 2017

Background and purpose

Infection with the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is required for the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the feared complication of natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. The JCV seroconversion rate seems higher in natalizumab treated patients than in the normal population, with an unknown cause.

Methods

Natalizumab concentration was correlated to JCV antibody status and seroconversion in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis patients.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐five patients were included. No correlation was found between natalizumab concentration and JCV status, JCV seroconversion or JCV index.

Conclusions

Higher natalizumab concentrations do not explain the increased JCV seroconversion rate in natalizumab treated patients.
An investigation of the beneficial effects of adding carbon nanotubes to standard injection grout
Authors: Restuccia L. , Lopez A. , Ferro G.A. , Liberatore D. , Tulliani J.M.
Published: July 2017

Mortar grouting is often used in masonry constructions to mitigate structural decay and repair damage by filling cracks and voids, resulting in an improvement in mechanical properties. This paper presents an original experimental investigation on grout with added carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The samples were prepared with different percentages of CNTs, up to 1.2 wt% with respect to the binder, and underwent three‐point bending tests in crack mouth opening displacement mode and compressive tests. The results showed that very small additions (up to 0.12 wt% of CNTs) increased not only flexural and compressive strengths (+73% and 35%, respectively, in comparison with plain mortar) but also fracture energy (+80%). These results can be explained on the basis of a reduction in porosity, as evidenced by mercury intrusion porosimetry, as well as by a crack bridging mechanism and by the probable formation of nucleation sites for hydration products, as observed through scanning electron microscopy.
Role of quantitative hepatitis B core antibody levels in predicting significant liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or near‐normal alanine aminotransferase levels
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Tian‐Ying , Song Liu‐Wei , Qi Xun , Yu Xue‐Ping , Li Fa‐Hong , Zhou Pu , Qin Yan‐Li , Yang Lin , Zhao Jing‐Hua , Mao Ri‐Cheng , Zhang Yong‐Mei , Wang Jin‐Yu , Yang Fei‐Fei , Zhu Hao‐Xiang , Yang Si‐Si , Huang Yu‐Xian , Yuan Quan , Zhang Jun , Zhang Ji‐Ming , Xia Ning‐Shao
Published: July 2017

Aim

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are not free from significant hepatic lesions. Recently, there has been an improved understanding of the clinical significance of quantitative hepatitis B core antibody levels (qAnti‐HBc) during CHB management. In this cross‐sectional study, we evaluated the utility of qAnti‐HBc in identifying significant liver inflammation in CHB patients.

Methods

A total of 469 patients (training set, n = 363; validation set, n = 106) who underwent liver biopsy (LB) were included. The qAnti‐HBc levels were quantified and the relationship between histology and serum markers was systematically analyzed.

Results

In the training set, qAnti‐HBc levels were found to have significant diagnostic value for moderate to severe liver inflammation (≥G2) in all patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.768; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.721–0.810; P < 0.001) and in patients with normal or near‐normal ALT levels (AUROC = 0.767; 95% CI, 0.697–0.828; P < 0.001). Our novel index (AC index) for the identification of ≥G2 inflammation, which combined the qAnti‐HBc and ALT levels, significantly improved diagnostic performance (AUROC = 0.813; 95% CI, 0.768–0.852) compared to the use of ALT alone (AUROC = 0.779; 95% CI, 0.732–0.821) in all patients. In the validation set, the AC index showed an improved AUROC of 0.890 (95% CI, 0.814–0.942) and 0.867 (95% CI, 0.749–0.943) in all patients and patients with normal ALT levels, respectively.

Conclusions

The qAnti‐HBc level predicts significant liver inflammation well, even in patients with normal or near‐normal ALT levels. Compared with the conventional ALT level, the AC index is a more reliable non‐invasive biomarker for significant liver inflammation in CHB patients.
Will cloud computing make the Information Technology (IT) department obsolete?
Authors: Vithayathil Joseph
Published: July 2017

The rapid adoption and growth of cloud computing is creating unprecedented change in the manner in which IT services are procured, managed, and deployed. Cloud computing is forcing firms to rethink traditional IT governance practices while raising new and fundamental questions for scholars and practitioners. This paper identifies the major areas of change and highlights governance issues that arise with the adoption of cloud computing. The focus of this paper is on the organizational impact on IT governance under cloud computing. The paper posits (1) that successful IT departments under cloud computing will transform into new roles that address internal customer‐facing issues and external cloud‐facing issues, (2) firms that mitigate information asymmetry under cloud computing will show higher firm performance, and (3) firms that offer superior cloud‐sourced IT service attributes of internal prices, quality, variety, and competition in the cloud will show higher firm performance.
Composition‐induced phase transitions and enhanced electrical properties in bismuth sodium titanate ceramics
Authors: Yin Jie , Zhao Chunlin , Zhang Yuxing , Wu Jiagang
Published: July 2017

Here, the composition‐induced phase transition and enhanced electrical properties were investigated in terms of lead‐free {[Bi0.5(Na0.82−xK0.18Lix)0.5]1−ySry}TiO3 (BNKLST‐x/y, x=0‐0.175 and y=0‐0.125) ceramics. The rhombohedral and tetragonal phase boundary can be constructed, and then the enhancement of piezoelectric properties (d33~271 pC/N and kp~0.38) can be observed for x=0.10 and y=0.05, which is superior to most reported results in polycrystalline BNT‐based ceramics. In particular, a fatigue‐free behavior after 106 polarization switching cycles was shown in the BNKLST‐0.10/0.05 ceramics due to the reversible field‐induced phase transition, and a slight decrease in d33 (~4.5%) was also shown. More importantly, the general model of electric field, temperature, and composition‐induced phase transition was employed to explain the enhancement of piezoelectric and fatigue properties. We believe that the composition design of this system can promote the development of bismuth sodium titanate lead‐free ceramics.
Development of a novel proton conducting fuel cell based on a Ni‐YSZ support
Authors: Hanifi Amir R. , Sandhu Navjot K. , Etsell Thomas H. , Sarkar Partha
Published: July 2017

A new proton conducting fuel cell design based on the BZCYYb electrolyte is studied in this research. In high‐performance YSZ‐based SOFCs, the Ni‐YSZ support plays a key role in providing required electrical properties and robust mechanical behavior. In this study, this well‐established Ni‐YSZ support is used to maintain the proton conducting fuel cell integrity. The cell is in a Ni‐YSZ (375 μm support)/Ni‐BZCYYb (20 μm anode functional layer)/BZCYYb (10 μm electrolyte)/LSCF‐BZCYYb (25 μm cathode) configuration. Maximum power density values of 166, 218, and 285 mW/cm2 have been obtained at 600°C, 650°C, and 700°C, respectively. AC impedance spectroscopy results show values of 2.17, 1.23, and 0.76 Ω·cm2 at these temperatures where the main resistance contributor above 600°C is ohmic resistance. Very fine NiO and YSZ powders were used to achieve a suitable sintering shrinkage which can enhance the electrolyte sintering. During cosintering of the support and BZCYYb electrolyte layers, the higher shrinkage of the support layer led to compressive stress in the electrolyte, thereby enhancing its densification. The promising results of the current study show that a new generation of proton conducting fuel cells based on the chemically and mechanically robust Ni‐YSZ support can be developed which can improve long‐term performance and reduce fabrication costs of proton conducting fuel cells.
CD19 regulates ADAM28‐mediated Notch2 cleavage to control the differentiation of marginal zone precursors to MZ B cells
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Gaizhi , Xiao He , Liu Xiaoling , Han Gencheng , Chen Guojiang , Hou Chunmei , Shen Beifen , Li Yan , Ma Ning , Wang Renxi
Published: July 2017

As the first line of defence, marginal zone (MZ) B cells play principal roles in clearing blood‐borne pathogens during infection and are over‐primed in autoimmune diseases. However, the basic mechanisms underlying MZ B‐cell development are still unclear. We found here that CD19 deficiency blocked the differentiation of marginal zone precursors (MZP) to MZ B cells, whereas CD19 expression in CD19‐deficient MZP rescues MZ B‐cell generation. Furthermore, CD19 regulates Notch2 cleavage by up‐regulating ADAM28 expression in MZP. Finally, we found that CD19 suppressed Foxo1 expression to promote ADAM28 expression in MZP. These results suggest that CD19 controls the differentiation of MZP to MZ B cells by regulating ADAM28‐mediated Notch2 cleavage. Thus, we demonstrated the basic mechanisms underlying the differentiation of MZP to MZ B cells.
Psoriasis and migraine
Authors: Capo A. , Affaitati G. , Giamberardino M.A. , Amerio P.
Published: July 2017

Background

Psoriasis and migraine share several pathogenetic mechanisms due to systemic inflammation, which increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Objective

Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of migraine with (MA) and without aura (MO) in the psoriatic population, investigating a possible new comorbidity of the psoriatic disease.

Methods

We referred 68 psoriatic patients to a nine questions survey formulated on the basis of the International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria for migraine. Then, in the case of MA, the mean monthly number of migraine crises was assessed. Data of psoriatic patients were then compared with those of a psoriasis‐free control group composed of 235 migraine patients (with and without aura).

Results

A clinical diagnosis of migraine was performed in 32 psoriasis patients with a great prevalence in women (F: 87.50% ‐ M: 12.5%). Moreover, we found a much higher prevalence (62.5%) of MA, with the remaining 37.5% diagnosed with MO. Comparing the prevalence of MA between psoriasis + migraine patients and the control group we observed a statistical significative difference (P < 0.0001); furthermore, the number of MA crises was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in patients with psoriasis with respect to the MA control group.

Conclusions

We showed a significant association between psoriasis and migraine, especially MA, probably due to common pathogenetic mechanisms, but further studies are needed to assess their interplay in developing cardiovascular diseases.
Rosettes in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma: distribution, association to other dermoscopic signs and description of the rosette pattern
Authors: Lozano‐Masdemont B. , Polimón‐Olabarrieta I. , Marinero‐Escobedo S. , Gutiérrez‐Pecharromán A. , Rodríguez‐Lomba E.
Published: July 2017

Background

Rosettes, a dermoscopic structure characterized by four white points arranged as a 4‐leaf clover, supports the dermoscopic diagnosis of actinic keratosis (AK) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Objective

The association of rosettes with other dermoscopic structures in AK or SCC and their distribution has not been analysed yet.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of patients with histologically proven AK or SCC who presented dermoscopic rosettes at initial evaluation.

Results

A total of 56 tumours were collected (94.6% AK and 5.4% SCC). Thirty‐seven (66.1%) lesions were non‐pigmented and 19 (33.9%) pigmented. The most common dermoscopic findings were erythema (53; 94.6%) and scale (42; 75%). White circles were present in 21 lesions (37.5%); pigmented pseudonetwork in 18 (32.1%) and multiple grey to brown dots and globules in 14 (25%). Rosettes were distributed focally in 9 (16.1%) and generalized in 47 (83.9%). The rosette pattern (rosettes as the main structure) was observed only in AK (19; 35.8%).

Limitations

The analysis was not blinded. The distinction between focal distribution (up to 3 rosettes) or generalized could be considered arbitrary.

Conclusion

The rosette pattern identified in AK may be a specific pattern for AK.
Perception and image of dermatology in the German general population 2002–2014
Authors: Augustin M. , Eissing L. , Elsner P. , Strömer K. , Schäfer I. , Enk A. , Reusch M. , Kaufmann R.
Published: July 2017

Background

In contrast to other European countries, dermatologists in Germany provide health care for a broad spectrum of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Current population‐based data on the perception of dermatology were lacking to date.

Objective

Analysis of the perception of dermatology from the general population's perspective with regard to utilization, satisfaction and responsibility.

Methods

Nation‐wide survey on awareness, utilization, rating and image of dermatology in October 2014 through computer‐assisted telephone interviews on a representative sample of the adult general population (n = 1015), performed by the FORSA institute.

Results

Dermatologists as a medical specialist group are familiar to 88% of the population (2002: 65%), and approx. 82% of respondents underwent dermatological treatment in the past. Satisfaction with this treatment is high to very high in 80–90% of respondents. The majority (60–80%) name dermatologists as the desired primary provider of care for the largest share of common skin diseases. For allergic diseases, mucous membrane diseases, venous disorders and paediatric skin diseases, this rate is significantly below 50%.

Conclusions

In Germany, dermatologists are perceived and valued as providers of care. In the case of skin cancer and chronic inflammatory skin diseases, they are experienced as primary care givers, whereas they are associated less frequently than their competence would justify with providing treatment for allergic and mucous membrane diseases and venous disorders. Further education of the general public and medical profession is required.
Arabidopsis CPR5 regulates ethylene signaling via molecular association with the ETR1 receptor
Authors: Wang Feifei , Wang Lijuan , Qiao Longfei , Chen Jiacai , Pappa Maria Belen , Pei Haixia , Zhang Tao , Chang Caren , Dong Chun‐Hai
Published: July 2017

The plant hormone ethylene plays various functions in plant growth, development and response to environmental stress. Ethylene is perceived by membrane‐bound ethylene receptors, and among the homologous receptors in Arabidopsis, the ETR1 ethylene receptor plays a major role. The present study provides evidence demonstrating that Arabidopsis CPR5 functions as a novel ETR1 receptor‐interacting protein in regulating ethylene response and signaling. Yeast split ubiquitin assays and bi‐fluorescence complementation studies in plant cells indicated that CPR5 directly interacts with the ETR1 receptor. Genetic analyses indicated that mutant alleles of cpr5 can suppress ethylene insensitivity in both etr1‐1 and etr1‐2, but not in other dominant ethylene receptor mutants. Overexpression of Arabidopsis CPR5 either in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, or ectopically in tobacco, significantly enhanced ethylene sensitivity. These findings indicate that CPR5 plays a critical role in regulating ethylene signaling. CPR5 is localized to endomembrane structures and the nucleus, and is involved in various regulatory pathways, including pathogenesis, leaf senescence, and spontaneous cell death. This study provides evidence for a novel regulatory function played by CPR5 in the ethylene receptor signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
Effects of nurses’ personality traits and their environmental characteristics on their workplace learning and nursing competence
Authors: Takase Miyuki , Yamamoto Masako , Sato Yoko
Published: July 2017

Aim

A good fit between an individual's personality traits and job characteristics motivates employees, and thus enhances their work behavior. However, how nurses’ personality traits and their environmental characteristics relate to nurses’ engagement in workplace learning, which improves their competence, has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate how nurses’ personality traits, environmental characteristics, and workplace learning were related to nursing competence.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey design was used. Questionnaires were distributed to 1167 Japanese registered nurses. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between nurses’ personality traits, the environmental characteristics, the nurses’ engagement in workplace learning, and their competence.

Results

A total of 315 nurses returned questionnaires (i.e., a return rate of 27.0%). The results showed that both the personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience) and environmental characteristics (autonomy at work and feedback given) were related to workplace learning and self‐rated nursing competence. The results also showed that the relationship between extraversion (active, adventurous and ambitious dispositions of an individual) and self‐rated nursing competence was moderated by environmental characteristics, and partially mediated by workplace learning.

Conclusion

Positive personality traits, such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience could enhance workplace learning and nursing competence. Moreover, environmental characteristics that allow nurses to express their personality traits have the potential to improve their learning and competence further.
Deleting the Arntl clock gene in the granular layer of the mouse cerebellum: impact on the molecular circadian clockwork
Authors: Bering Tenna , Carstensen Mikkel Bloss , Rath Martin Fredensborg
Published: July 2017

The suprachiasmatic nucleus houses the central circadian clock and is characterized by the timely regulated expression of clock genes. However, neurons of the cerebellar cortex also contain a circadian oscillator with circadian expression of clock genes being controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. It has been suggested that the cerebellar circadian oscillator is involved in food anticipation, but direct molecular evidence of the role of the circadian oscillator of the cerebellar cortex is currently unavailable. To investigate the hypothesis that the circadian oscillator of the cerebellum is involved in circadian physiology and food anticipation, we therefore by use of Cre‐LoxP technology generated a conditional knockout mouse with the core clock gene Arntl deleted specifically in granule cells of the cerebellum, since expression of clock genes in the cerebellar cortex is mainly located in this cell type. We here report that deletion of Arntl heavily influences the molecular clock of the cerebellar cortex with significantly altered and arrhythmic expression of other central clock and clock‐controlled genes. On the other hand, daily expression of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus was unaffected. Telemetric registrations in different light regimes did not detect significant differences in circadian rhythms of running activity and body temperature between Arntl conditional knockout mice and controls. Furthermore, food anticipatory behavior did not differ between genotypes. These data suggest that Arntl is an essential part of the cerebellar oscillator; however, the oscillator of the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex does not control traditional circadian parameters or food anticipation.
Advancing oral health policy and advocacy to prevent childhood obesity and reduce children's consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages
Authors: Sanghavi Ankit , Siddiqui Nadia J.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

While a large body of work documents the interconnections between oral health and obesity, less is known about the role that oral health professionals and organizations play to prevent childhood obesity, especially by influencing children's consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs). This review identifies efforts by oral health professionals and organizations to influence such policy and advocacy, while informing future opportunities to leverage and expand on existing efforts.

Methods

A scoping review of peer‐reviewed literature and a web‐based review of oral health policy and advocacy initiatives addressing prevention of obesity and reducing children's consumption of SSBs were conducted. Of 30 unique references identified, four peer‐reviewed and seven non‐peer‐reviewed references met selection criteria. Qualitative and quantitative data were extracted using a priori determined headings.

Results

Findings suggest a strong role for oral health professionals in preventing childhood obesity and reducing children's consumption of SSBs; however, only a few national, state, and local oral‐health‐advocacy and ‐policy efforts were identified, such as policy statements by national associations, state and local education campaigns, and clinical guidelines. Evidence was limited on the role of oral health professionals in influencing broader communitywide advocacy and policy efforts such as soda taxation and limiting SSB consumption in schools.

Conclusion

This review provides an emerging evidence base to support growing recognition among oral health professionals of their dual role in preventing childhood obesity and dental caries by targeting SSB consumption. It also identifies opportunities for oral health professionals to build on initial efforts to more proactively influence future policy and advocacy.
Pediatric obesity‐related curricular content and training in dental schools and dental hygiene programs: systematic review and recommendations
Authors: Divaris Kimon , Bhaskar Vaishnavi , McGraw Kathleen A.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The authors conducted a systematic review to determine: a) What dental schools and dental hygiene programs are doing to promote knowledge and skills related to addressing childhood obesity and to reduce consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) and b) What else these schools and programs could do to better equip future oral health professionals to address childhood obesity and reduce consumption of SSBs.

Methods

The authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Education Full Text (EBSCOHost), and ERIC (EBSCOHost) to identify peer‐reviewed publications reporting on obesity or dietetic‐related curricula in dental and dental hygiene education within the last 20 years. Three studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcomes of the identified studies were abstracted and summarized independently by two investigators.

Results

The first study describes a 2009 survey of pediatric dentistry residents. Approximately, half had received formal training yet they lacked essential knowledge or skills for managing children who were obese. The second study describes nutrition‐related coursework offered in the second year of a predoctoral dental school curriculum in Saudi Arabia, and the third study reports on the development of an “oral health rotation” dietetic internship in a pediatric dentistry clinic, in the context of interprofessional education (IPE).

Conclusions

Evidence of dental schools' and dental hygiene programs' efforts to address obesity and SSB consumption in children in their curricula is scant, while Commission on Dental Accreditation standards make sporadic mentions of diet and nutrition. Opportunities exist to leverage existing resources and innovative, experiential approaches, including IPE, to formally, and effectively address this important issue in predoctoral oral health education.
Predicting habitat affinities of plant species using commonly measured functional traits
Authors: Shipley Bill , Belluau Michael , Kühn Ingolf , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Bahn Michael , Penuelas Josep , Kattge Jens , Sack Lawren , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Ozinga Wim A. , Blonder Benjamin , van Bodegom Peter M. , Manning Peter , Hickler Thomas , Sosinski Enio , Pillar Valério De Patta , Onipchenko Vladimir , Poschlod Peter
Published: July 2017

Questions

Heinz Ellenberg classically defined “indicator” scores for species representing their typical positions along gradients of key environmental variables, and these have proven very useful for designating ecological distributions. We tested a key tenent of trait‐based ecology, i.e. the ability to predict ecological preferences from species’ traits. More specifically, can we predict Ellenberg indicator scores for soil nutrients, soil moisture and irradiance from four well‐studied traits: leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area (SLA) and seed mass? Can we use such relationships to estimate Ellenberg scores for species never classified by Ellenberg?

Location

Global.

Methods

Cumulative link models were developed to predict Ellenberg nutrients, irradiance and moisture values from Ln‐transformed trait values using 922, 981 and 988 species, respectively. We then independently tested these prediction equations using the trait values of 423 and 421 new species that occurred elsewere in Europe, North America and Morocco, and whose habitat affinities we could classify from independent sources as three‐level ordinal ranks related to soil moisture and irradiance. The traits were SLA, leaf dry matter content, leaf area and seed mass.

Results

The four functional traits predicted the Ellenberg indicator scores of site fertility, light and moisture with average error rates of <2 Ellenberg ranks out of nine. We then used the trait values of 423 and 421 species, respectively, that occurred (mostly) outside of Germany but whose habitat affinities we could classify as three‐level ordinal ranks related to soil moisture and irradiance. The predicted positions of the new species, given the equations derived from the Ellenberg indices, agreed well with their independent habitat classifications, although our equation for Ellenberg irrandiance levels performed poorly on the lower ranks.

Conclusions

These prediction equations, and their eventual extensions, could be used to provide approximate descriptions of habitat affinities of large numbers of species worldwide.
Cooking the books: what counts as literacy for young children in a public library?
Authors: Smith Helen Victoria
Published: July 2017

At a time when government funding cuts mean that public libraries face an uncertain future and need to make sure they stay relevant to young users and their families, this paper explores what counts as literacy for young children in a public library in a town in the East Midlands, UK. It is based on a study which adopted an ethnographic approach, drawing on Lefebvre's spatial theory to understand how a library space presents literacy to young children and their carers, and how this then shapes the literacy practices and events that happen in this space. The study shows that dominant discourses are bound up in what the library staff understand to be their role in promoting and supporting young children's literacy, and that, often, they organise the space and literacy events in ways that reflect these discourses. However this paper argues that it is not only the library staff that create space in the library, as carers and their children are sometimes seen to create alternative spaces which challenge and subvert the way the librarians would like the space to be used and understood.
The role of wing geometric morphometrics in the identification of sandflies within the subgenus Lutzomyia
Authors: GIORDANI B. F. , ANDRADE A. J. , GALATI E. A. B. , GURGEL‐GONÇALVES R.
Published: July 2017

The Lutzomyia subgenus (Diptera: Psychodidae) includes sibling species with morphologically indistinguishable females. The aims of this study were to analyse variations in the size and shape of wings of species within the Lutzomyia subgenus and to assess whether these analyses might be useful in their identification. Wings (n = 733) of 18 species deposited in Brazilian collections were analysed by geometric morphometrics, using other genera and subgenera as outgroups. Shape variation was summarized in multivariate analyses and differences in wing size among species were tested by analysis of variance. The results showed significant variation in the sizes and shapes of wings of different Lutzomyia species. Two clusters within the Lutzomyia subgenus were distinguished in analyses of both males and females. In Cluster 1 (Lutzomyia ischnacantha, Lutzomyia cavernicola, Lutzomyia almerioi, Lutzomyia forattinii, Lutzomyia renei and Lutzomyia battistinii), scores for correct reclassification were high (females, kappa = 0.91; males, kappa = 0.90), whereas in Cluster 2 (Lutzomyia alencari, Lutzomyia ischyracantha, Lutzomyia cruzi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia gaminarai and Lutzomyia lichyi), scores for correct reclassification were low (females, kappa = 0.42; males, kappa = 0.48). Wing geometry was useful in the identification of some species of the Lutzomyia subgenus, but did not allow the identification of sibling species such as L. longipalpis and L. cruzi.
Pain Assessment Discrepancies: A Cross‐Sectional Study Highlights the Amount of Underrated Pain
Authors: van Ransbeeck Andrea , Budilivski Ana , Spahn Donat R. , Macrea Lucian , Giuliani Francesca , Maurer Konrad
Published: July 2017

Background

Inadequately treated postoperative pain can lead to longer healing processes, longer hospital stays, and the development of chronic pain. In a 900‐bed university hospital in Switzerland, pain scores were assessed systematically. The study's primary aim was to define whether the routine pain assessment on the ward is accurate and reproducible. Subsequently the obtained data were used for a benchmark analysis to determine the hospital's performance in pain assessment quality compared with similar centers.

Methods

During a 3‐month period, PAIN OUT questionnaires were used for patients’ interviews. Patients were included randomly according to the daily surgical schedule. Pain scores were assessed routinely by nursing staff on the wards and compared to PAIN OUT data. The ascertained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics as well as the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric values using IBM SPSS.

Results

658 patients were included in the study. Comparing routine pain measurements with PAIN OUT results revealed that within the first 24 hours on the ward, pain scores were significantly lower than measured with PAIN OUT questionnaires. This difference increased with increasing pain scores. The quality of pain management of the hospital in which this study was performed ranged around the 50th percentile when compared to similar centers.

Conclusion

The cross‐sectional data comparison of pain assessment by the ward staff and by interviews with the PAIN OUT questionnaire showed a large gap of underrated pain. The benchmark analysis with the method of PAIN OUT suggests a decent pain management among reference groups.
Feeling the Beat and Feeling Better: Musical Experience, Emotional Reflection, and Music as a Technology of Mental Health
Authors: Semenza Daniel C.
Published: July 2017

Using data from the 1999 Arts and Religion Survey, this article builds on the work of Tia DeNora and the understanding of music as a technology of health by focusing on an important aspect of music's impact on mental health, emotional reflection. The study first examines the relationship between musical experiences and the perceived effectiveness of music as a coping tool in everyday life. The results indicate that musical experience is positively associated with the perception of music as an effective coping mechanism, controlling for relevant demographic and artistic factors included in the survey. The analysis then assesses the relationship between music's perceived effectiveness as a coping mechanism and emotional reflection, indicating a positive association between the two. Aesthetic disposition and parental education are also positive predictors of using music to cope and emotional reflection. The study demonstrates that those who value music as a means of coping may be more emotionally reflective and in turn, experience benefits related to positive mental health. The results also highlight the importance of considering both micro‐ and macro‐theoretical approaches to understanding musical practices and their role in health improvement.
Phylogeny of the grasshopper family Pyrgomorphidae (Caelifera, Orthoptera) based on morphology
Authors: MARIÑO‐PÉREZ RICARDO , SONG HOJUN
Published: July 2017

The family Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) is considered one of the most colourful grasshopper families, which contains about 500 species distributed worldwide. Commonly referred to as gaudy or bush grasshoppers, many pyrgomorphs are known to be aposematic and capable of sequestering plant secondary compounds. Several species are considered important agricultural pests, while some species are culturally important. Nevertheless, the phylogeny of this family has never been proposed using modern cladistic methods. In this study, we present a phylogenetic analysis of Pyrgomorphidae, based on 119 morphological characters with 269 character states, covering 28 out of 31 current recognized tribes. We recovered the monophyly of the family and one of the two currently recognized subfamilies, Orthacridinae. Pyrgomorphinae was recovered as paraphyletic. Based on the most parsimonious tree, we propose four main clades and discuss the biology and biogeography of members of these clades. This is the first step towards building a natural classification for Pyrgomorphidae, which is an excellent model system for studying the evolution of interesting traits such as wing development, warning coloration and chemical defence.