bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die verband tussen broeilingmassa en eiervolume in die Nylkrokodil (Crocodylus niloticus):
Eiers se produktiwiteit varieer
Authors: Nöthling Johan O , Nöthling Johan A , Myburgh Jan G
Published: March 2020

Die oorlewing en lewenskragtigheid van Nylkrokodil (Crocodylus niloticus) broeilinge is belangrik vir die sukses van kommersiële krokodilboerdery en die instandhouding van populasies in die natuur.

In hierdie studie beskryf ons eers die verband tussen die massa van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge en die geskatte volume van die eier waaruit elkeen gebroei het. Daarna beskryf ons die variasie in die verhouding tussen die massa van individuele broeilinge en die volume van die eier waaruit elk gebroei het (die produktiwiteit van die eier) binne en tussen broeisels. Die volumes van 316 Nylkrokodileiers uit 51 broeisels is met ’n doelgemaakte algoritme geskat op grond van sleutelafmetings van die eiers wat op foto’s van die uitgebroeide eierdoppe gemaak is. Die broeiling wat uit elke eier gebroei het is direk na uitbroei geweeg.

Nóg die duur van inkubering tot uitbroei (P = 0.88) nóg die jaar waarin broeisels gelê is (P = 0.35) nóg die aantal eiers in die broeisel (P = 0.57) het broeilingmassa beïnvloed. Daar bestaan ’n sterk, lineêre positiewe verband tussen die uitbroeimassa van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge en die geskatte volume van die eiers waaruit hulle gebroei het r = 0.88, P < 0.001, n =316). Sonder inagneming van geskatte eiervolume is 86.9% van die variasie in broeilingmassa die gevolg van variasie tussen broeisels en 13.1% die gevolg van variasie binne broeisels. Indien geskatte eiervolume in berekening gebring word is 59% van die variasie in broeilingmassa vir ’n bepaalde geskatte eiervolume die gevolg van variasie tussen broeisels en 41% die gevolg van variasie binne broeisels. Die produktiwiteit van eiers het van 0.57 g/ml tot 0.81 g/ml gevarieer, met 45.4% van die variasie wat tussen broeisels voorgekom het en 54.6% binne broeisels.

Verdere navorsing is nodig om die verband tussen broeilingmassa en die groei van broeilinge, sowel as die verband tussen eierproduktiwiteit en die groei van broeilinge te ondersoek.
ANALISIS SWOT SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HOTEL MUSLIM KEDIRI
Authors: Hidayati Nur , Saptaria Lina
Published: March 2020

Abstrak

 

Hotel   syariah   di  Indonesia   dari   tahun  ke    tahun  mengalam  perkembangan dan peningkatan.  Terbukti dengan bermunculan dan berdirinyabeberapa Hotel syariah  termasuk  hotel muslim yang ada  di Kediri. Keberadaan tempat atau lokasi   yang strategis tidak berarti  menjadikan  hotel muslim terhindar  dari persaingan  bisnis.  Sebagai upaya meningkatkan  kunjungan tamu di Hotel Muslim diperlukan strategi agar bisa  bersaing dengan  hotel-hotel lainnya  di Kediri. Oleh   sebab itu,     penelitian ini  dilakukan untuk membahas analisis SWOT sebagai strategi pengembangan Hotel    Muslim.   Jenis  penelitian ini    adalah penelitian   kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT untuk strategi pengembangan   strategi   Hotel    Muslim.   Hasil penelitian diperoleh beberapa  pengembangan strategi Hotel  Muslim, antara lain: (1)meningkatkan  variasi  produk, menetapkan  harga  yang  terjangkau, meningkatkan  kualitas pelayanan yang lebih bagus, (2) meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas SDM yang yang lebih berkompeten, meningkatkan fasilitas, menambah  modal,  (3)  mempertahankan  ciri   kh as  produk dengan  berbasis ekonomi  syariah,  menjalin kerjasama  dengan pondok pesantren  dan  instansi pemerintah,  (4)  melakukan  upaya  pengembangan strategi  promosi di  semua media untuk  meningkatkan pangsa  pasar,  meningkatkan kerjasma  dengan berbagai instansi pemerintah dan swasta.

 

Kata Kunci: Analisi SWOT, strategi pengembangan hotel  syariah
Acceptance Testing and Quality Control of Digital Radiographic Imaging Systems
Authors: Gauntt David ,   UAB Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, Ranger Nicole , Willis Charles , Al-Senan Rani , Bercha Ishtiaq , Dave Jaydev , Fang Yuan , Gingold Eric , Goldman Lee , Jones A. Kyle , Peck Donald , Ranallo Frank , Rutel Issac , Schueler Beth , Uzenoff Robert , Walz-Flannigan Alisa , Weiser John , Yorkston John , Apgar Bruce , Meyer Stephen ,   Aspirus Wausau Hospital, Schofield, WI,   Independent Consultant, Bellaire, TX,   Penn State University, Hershey, PA,   Yale New Haven Hospital & Yale University School of Medicine, Guiford, CT,   Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,   FDA Center for Device and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD,   Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,   Independent - No Affiliation, West Hartford, CT,   The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,   Independent - No Affiliation, Lake Linden, MI,   University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,   University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK,   Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,   Independent Consultant, Weston, CT,   Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI,   DeltaStrac LLC, Clarksburg, MD,   Vartex Imaging Corporation, Penfield, NY,   Independent Consultant, Simpsonville, SC,   Canon Medical Research USA, Vernon Hills, IL
Published: March 2020

Charge: The formal charge of American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 150 (TG-150) was “This group will outline a set of tests to be used in the Acceptance Testing and Quality Control of Digital Radiographic Imaging Systems.” The task group ultimately refined the charge to cover only those tests performed by medical physicists, as tests performed by technologists are covered by AAPM Report 151.
Report on the Japan Association of Self-Access Learning (JASAL) 2016 Annual Conference
Authors: Lin Michael P.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on the JASAL 2016 Annual Conference held on December 10, 2016 at Konan Women’s University in Kobe, Japan. JASAL (Japan Association for Self-Access Learning) is a non-profit professional organization devoted to promoting self-access learning in Japan. The conference consisted of opening remarks by JASAL president Hisako Yamashita, a plenary talk by Dr. Jo Mynard, twenty oral presentations on various self-access learning topics, twelve poster presentations, and tours of the e-space, which is a self-access center at Konan Women’s University. Ninety-five participants from over forty institutions attended. In this summary, the author reports on the day’s events, featuring select presentations on SALC design, leadership, integration into curriculum, training, and lessons learned.
Analisis Perilaku Pemilih Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Pada Politik Lokal Tahun 2018
Authors: Suci Pratiwi Cholillah
Published: March 2020

Perilaku pemilih erat kaitannya dengan bagaimana individu berperilaku dan berinteraksi dalam sebuah pemilihan umum, terutama terkait dengan ketertarikan dan pilihan politik mereka terhadap suatu partai politik atau kandidat yang akan dipilihnya berdasarkan etnis ataupun daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku pemilih dalam pemilihan Kepala Daerah di Kota Jambi Tahun 2018 dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa terdapat tiga model/pendekatan perilaku memilih masyarakat Kota Jambi dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Tahun 2018. Pertama, model/ pendekatan sosiologis dimana perilaku memilih ditentukan oleh latar belakang sosiologis seseorang. Latar belakang sosiologis yang dimaksud antara lain adalah umur, wilayah asal seseorang (misalnya: Jawa, Luar Jawa), tempat tinggal seseorang (misalnya: kota, desa), jenis kelamin, ras dan etnis, status pekerjaan, status sosial-ekonomi, dan orientasi keagamaan. Kedua adalah model/pendekatan identifikasi partai yakni rasa kedekatan dengan partai politik tertentu. Serta yang terakhir adalah model/pendekatan pilihan rasional dimana perilaku memilih seseorang ditentukan berdasarkan evaluasi subjektif terhadap berbagai kondisi (ekonomi-politik-sosial) di tingkat individu maupun masyarakat.
MENERAPKAN PANCASILA SEBAGAI NILAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN UNTUK MENCAPAI TUJUAN NASIONAL BANGSA INDONESIA
Authors: Susilawati N, MTP Dr. Ir Hj.
Published: March 2020

Andaikan para ilmuwan dalam pengembangan ilmu konsisten terhadap janji awalnya ditemukan ilmu, untuk mencerdaskan manusia, memartabatkan manusia dan menyejahterakan manusia, maka pengembangan ilmu yang didasarkan pada kaedah keilmuan tidak perlu menimbulkan ketegangan antara ilmu dan teknologi dengan masyarakat.

Fakta yang kita saksikan saat ini ilmu empiris mendapatkan tempatnya yang sentral dalam kehidupan manusia karena dengan teknologi modern yang dikembangkannya dapat memenuhi kebutuhan praktis hidup manusia. Ilmu empiris tersebut tumbuh dan berkembang dengan cepat melebihi ritme pertumbuhan dan perkembangan peradaban manusia. Ironisnya tidak diimbangi kesiapan mentalitas sebagian masyarakat, khususnya di Indonesia.

Teknologi telah merambah berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia secara ekstensif dan mempengaruhi sendi kehidupan manusia secara intensif, termasuk merubah pola pikir dan budaya manusia, bahkan nyaris menggoyahkan eksistensi kodrati manusia itu sendiri. Kondisi ini terlihat ketika misalnya, anak-anak sekarang dengan alat-alat permainan yang serba teknologis seperti playstation, mereka sudah dapat terpenuhi hasrat hakekat kodrat sosialnya hanya dengan memainkan alat permainan tersebut secara sendirian. Mereka tidak sadar dengan kehidupan yang termanipulasi teknologi menjadi manusia individualis.Masih terdapat banyak persoalan akibat teknologi yang dapat disaksikan, meskipun secara nyata manfaat teknologi tidak dapat dipungkiri.

Problematika keilmuan dapat segera diantisipasi dengan merumuskan kerangka dasar nilai bagi pengembangan ilmu. Kerangka dasar nilai ini harus menggambarkan suatu sistem filosofi kehidupan yang dijadikan prinsip kehidupan masyarakat, yang sudah mengakar dan membudaya dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, yaitu nilai-nilai Pancasila.
Model Pengembangan Pertanian Berkelanjutan di Kota Jambi
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model pengembangan pertanian berkelanjutan di Kota Jambi. Diklaksanakan tahun 2017 di Kota Jambi Provinsi Jambi. Data  yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan  pendekatan Model FLAG.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Tingkat keberlanjutan pertanian Kota Jambi berdasarkan analisis fleg termasuk kategori tidak berkelanjutan terlihat dari hasil analisis tidak ditemukan adanya green fleg. 2) Skenario kebijakan berbasis Natural Farming (NF) dan Mix (CF +NF) di Kota Jambi cenderung lebih berkelanjutan walaupun masih memiliki bendera merah dan hitam, jika pertanian kebijakan konvensional tetap dipertahankan akan mengakibatkan tingkat keberlanjutan semakin menurun. 3) jika pertanian di Kota Jambi masih menggunakan kebijakan Konvensial Farming (CF)  dengan input prtanian yang tidak mendukung keberlanjutan akan berindikasi pada level keberlanjutan yang semakin menurun. Untuk Pengembangan pertanian berkelanjutan Kota Jambi Kedepan dengan menerapkan kebijakan pertanian  secara alami
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESI PUSTAKAWAN DALAM MENDUDUKI JABATAN FUNGSIONAL
Authors: Wahida Wahida
Published: March 2020

Kompetensi merupakan kemampuan dan keahlian yang dimiliki oleh tenaga kerja professional. Termasuk tenaga pustakawan yang diwajibkan memiliki kompetensi pendidikan dan keahlian di bidang kepustakawanan. Pustakawan dituntut untuk senantiasa meningkatkan kompetensi dan profesionalisme dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan agar pustakawan dapat berkompetisi dan berkolaborasi dengan profesi informasi yang lain, khususnya untuk memajukan dunia kepustakawanan. Kompetensi dan profesionalisme menjadi hal terpenting bagi pustakawan yang berugas sebagai pelayan informafi dalam dunia pustaka dalam menjaga dan meningkatkan eksistensi mereka di lingkungan pekerjaannya. Dengan kompetensi yang memadai dan bekerja secara profesional, citra pustakawan dapat diubah menjadi lebih baik karena selama ini masyarakat masih menganggap pustakawan hanya sebagai tenaga teknis dan administrasi perpustakaan. Melalui peningkatan kompetensi dan profesionalisme, pustakawan dapat meningkatkan derajatnya sebagai tenaga profesional perpustakaan yang mampu berperan aktif dalam setiap aktivitasnya. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, diperlukan beberapa strategi yang tepat, yaitu (1) meningkatkan kinerja secara berkesinambungan, (2) membangun komunikasi internal secara efektif, (3) menggagas ide-ide inovatif perpustakaan, (4) mengikuti program sertifikasi pustakawan, dan (5) melakukan pengembangan karier profesional
GOLDEN FINDS FROM «NIKOPOLIAN BARROWS» FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF B. AND V. KHANENKO
Authors: Velychko E. A. , Polidovych Yu. B.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the attribution of objects from the collection of B. and V. Khanenko, which were received in the 1900s. from the market of antiquities as occurring «from the barrows near the city of Nikopol». These are various applicative decorations mostly dated to the 4th century BC. Stylistic analysis allows us to talk about the heterogeneity of this group of products and with great probability to assume that they are associated with predatory excavations of mounds in the steppe Black Sea region, the Crimea, the forest-steppe Dnieper and Middle Don region. Some of the items probably represent finds in the «royal» burial mounds, which broke out in the second half of the nineteenth century by private collections.

All assumptions about the attribution of gold finds from the collection of Khanenko are provisional and based mainly on their iconographic analysis. Further research will undoubtedly help clarify, confirm or disprove the conclusions.
ABOUT THE BORDERS OF PECTORALS FROM THE TOLSTAYA MOGILA AND THE BOLSHAYA BLIZNITSA
Authors: Babenko L. I.
Published: March 2020

Foreword. In the construction of the pectorals from the Tolstaya Mogila and the Bolshaya Bliznitsa the border were used, that edged the frame figure composition on one or both sides. Despite stylistic likeliness (egg-and-dart ornamentation), the borders differ in structure, skill level, and their functional intended purpose.

The border of pectoral from the Tolstaya Mogila. The lower frieze border of the pectoral from the Tolstaya Mogila narrowed the gap height at the whole length by 4 mm, which provided optimal disposition of sculpture figures between two frieze binders. And also it visually enlarged the frieze width, promoting for more harmonic balance of the upper and lower friezes. The border of pectoral from the Bolshaya Bliznitsa. Two borders, that edged the figure composition of the pectoral from the Bolshaya Bliznitsa, when combined with 17 transverse strips, served as a framework for frieze figures bracing. They also ensured better immobility for pectoral binders that are laid of three ducts.

Conclusions. Usage of different design solutions in pectorals construction can evidence for their manufacture in different workshops.
THE SETTLEMENT OF THE EARLY IRON AGE NEAR S. IVANIVKA IN TYASMYN REGION
Authors: Mogylov O. D. , Rudenko S. V.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the publication of the materials of the settlement of the Early Iron Age near Ivanivka in the Tyasmyn river region. Archaeological reconnaissance here revealed the emergence of cultural strata, represented by animal bones, ceramic moldings and imported antique utensils, arrowheads, pins. The materials date back to the pre-Scythian and Scythian period: VIII—IV centuries BC.
THE INVERSTIGATION OF SCYTHIAN BURIAL MOUND ON SOUTH OF KIROVOGRAD-DISTRICT
Authors: Skory S. A. , Orlik A. P. , Zimovets R. V.
Published: March 2020

The scythian kurgan is Investigational near the Bоgdanivka entered in the complement of burial mound group from 7 embankments. He had small sizes (a height a 0.25—0.30 m is from the level of old horizon) and, instead of the ground embankment, lithoidal armour as a oval (10.5 Ч 8.5 m). Kurgan contained two woman graves: basic — as an enough deep catacomb and inlet — as the ordinary ground pit. Both of burial place were very robbed yet in antiquity. The bones of young woman (22—25 years old) that was accompanied by some things burial place to the inventory are found in a central grave, in particular, by silver earrings, by the bronze arrow-heads, by the ferrous knife and by numerous bits and pieces of meat oblatory food (bones of cow and wild wild boar).

The lateral grave did not contain bones in general, only one bronze earring. Uncalculated inventory that was saved, type of building of burial place give an opportunity to date a burial mound the second half of IV century BC. Presence in a burial mound lithoidal to the armour, to our opinion, about appearance here of scythian population from more south regions of Steppe.
TASMOLA MONUMENTS OF CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN IN THE STUDIES OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Beisenov A. Z.
Published: March 2020

According to archaeological researches, in the early Saka period the steppe areasof Central, Northern Kazakhstan and the Southern Trans-Urals were inhabited by the tribes of the great Tasmola historical and cultural community. The tribes of Central Kazakhstan constitute the core of this community. For the first time, Tasmola archaeological culture was discovered and described by M. K. Kadyrbaevin 1966. Today a significant amount of new data has been gathered, which allows us to expand our understanding of the peculiarities of that culture. The article presents an overview of the main content of new studies and publishes data on radiocarbon analyses, first obtained from the monuments of Tasmola culture. More than 60 analyses from the monuments of the Early Iron Age of Central Kazakhstan were made by A. Z. Beisenov in the Kiev radiocarbon laboratory (Kiev, Ukraine), in the laboratories of the Royal University of Belfast, (Northern Ireland, Great Britain), the Russian State Pedagogical University (Sankt-Peterburg, Russia). The article contains data from 41 analyses on Tasmola culture and 6 analyses on the monuments of the Korgantass period. In Tasmolaseries 33 dates were obtained from 31 burials, 8 dates were obtained from 6 settlements. At the present stage of the research the origins of Tasmola culture can be attributed to the middle of the 8th century BC. During the late V — early IV centuries BC there is a change of cultures, there are few burial places of the Korgantass periodin the region. The author believes that further studies are needed for more detailed internal periodization of Tasmola culture. Now we can say that numerous and most vivid monuments are common for the early stage of culture. All present researches are carried out in the eastern part of Central Kazakhstan.
Teaching Requesting to EFL Learners: A Conversation Analysis-Informed Approach
Authors: Nicholas Allan
Published: March 2020

Requesting can be a difficult speech act for EFL learners. However, current classroom materials do not always provide effective guidance, frequently lacking explicit instruction or failing to embed requests in wider conversations. Conversation analysis (CA), focusing on requesting in authentic talk, has been proposed as a potential resource for the EFL classroom. In the current study, the effectiveness of CA-informed classroom instruction in promoting development in learner requesting was investigated, focusing on a single participant. There were 3 study phases—a preprogramme set of requesting tasks; a short program of instruction, informed by the CA literature; and a further set of requesting tasks. Pre-and postprogramme transcript data and requesting models drawn by the participant were analysed. Postprogramme requesting performances were found to generally be more complex, with lengthier opening, requesting, and closing sequences. Learner requesting models also showed evidence of developing understanding of how requests are co-constructed in conversation.

EFL学習者にとって、依頼行為は、難しい発話行為となりえる。しかしながら、授業で使用する教材は、効果的なガイダンスが提示されていないことがあり、明白な指示もしばしば不足し、また様々な会話での依頼行為を盛り込めていない。会話分析（CA）は、実際の会話での依頼行為にフォーカスし、EFLの授業のリソース候補として提唱されてきた。本論文では、CAに基づく授業指導の有効性を探っている。今回のCAは一人の実験参加者に着目し、3段階に分けて調査した。指導前の依頼行為、CA研究に基づく短かい指導、指導後の依頼行為である。そして、指導前後の会話データと、実験参加者が描いた依頼の会話チャートを分析した。指導後は、依頼行為が全体的により複雑化し、会話の始まり、依頼、そして結びまでが長くなることが判明した。また、学習者が描いた依頼の会話チャートでも、会話での依頼行為の（参加者による）共同の組み立て方をより理解した形跡が見られた。
Teachers’ Practices and Beliefs About Grammar Teaching
Authors: You Kyonmi
Published: March 2020

Even though grammar teaching plays a central role in most language classrooms, few investigations of teachers’ beliefs and practices in grammar teaching have been conducted. Hence, our understanding of how teachers teach grammar and of the thinking informing their instructional decisions is still underdeveloped. This study was conducted with two language teachers who were teaching at a private English language institute in Hawaii. Using multiple data sources, I investigated how the teachers approach grammar in their classrooms and explored the beliefs behind their instructional decisions. Even though the teachers reported positive beliefs about communicative methods, they relied on traditional teaching methods for grammar in the classroom. The teachers’ personal learning and teaching experiences were major factors in shaping their beliefs and eventually affected their practices in regards to grammar teaching.

文法指導は多くの場合、語学授業の中で中心的な役割を果たしている。しかしながら、文法指導や文法指導に対する教師の考え方に焦点を絞った研究は多くなく、結果、それらに対する私たちの理解は十分とはいえない。本研究は、ハワイにある私立の英語学校で教える、二人の語学教師を対象に行われた。複数のデータ収集方法を使いて、文法の指導方法、文法指導に関する教師の考え方について調査し考察を行った。それにより、対象となった教師たちは、コミュニカティブな指導法について肯定的な反応を示していた。しかし、実際の文法指導においては伝統的な指導方法に頼っていた。また文法指導に関する考え方や実際の指導方法の形成には、教師自身の言語学習の経験や、それまでの教育経験が大きな影響を与えていることが明らかになった。
Critical Literacy in Beginner-Level Japanese Language Classrooms
Authors: Gyogi Eiko
Published: March 2020

This paper describes a critical literacy session held with 19 beginner-level learners of Japanese at a Japanese university. The students observed and analyzed the use (or nonuse) of gendered speech styles (especially feminine language [onna kotoba]) in different media. They also translated a short passage from a video interview with Emma Watson from English to Japanese and discussed whether they would use feminine language in their translations. The learning journals that students submitted after class demonstrate students’ reflection on this topic, including students’ evaluation and questions on feminine language and whether and how they would use feminine language in their own translation. The findings suggest possibly introducing critical literacy, even to beginner-level students with limited knowledge of the target language, especially through use of the L1.

本稿は、日本の大学で19名の初級日本語学習者に行ったクリティカル・リテラシーの実践の報告である。本実践では、様々な日本語メディアにおけるジェンダー表現（特に女ことば）の使用を観察・分析した後、エマ・ワトソンのビデオインタビューの一部を翻訳し、自らの翻訳で女ことばを使用するかなど話し合った。学習者の提出した学習日記では、女ことばについての評価や疑問、自身の翻訳での女ことばの使用の有無など、ジェンダー表現についての様々な省察が見られた。本実践では学習者の母語を使用することにより、目標言語の知識が限られている初級学習者にもクリティカル・リテラシーの実践ができるとの示唆が得られた。
A Student-Generated List of Freewriting Topics
Authors: Ottoson Kevin , Wilkins Michael , Sponseller Aaron
Published: March 2020

Although freewriting is a popular fluency-focused writing activity, students often differ in their capacity, speed, and preference for self-selecting freewriting topics. This paper introduces a list of freewriting topics generated through empirical analysis of 631 self-selected freewriting samples produced by Japanese university students (N = 213). This list facilitates inclusive freewriting pedagogy by providing prompts to students who need such support without confining more autonomous students who prefer self-selecting their freewriting topics.

フリーライティングは、流暢さを重視した人気のライティングアクティビティである。しかし、フリーライティングのトピックを素早く決める力や好みが学生によって違いがしばしばある。本論文では、日本の大学生（N = 213）が自身で決めたトピックで書いた631件のフリーライティングサンプルを実証的に分析して集めたトピック一覧を紹介する。このリストは、自分でタイトルが決められない学生にとって有効で、やる気を引き出しながらフリーライティングが行える。それと同時に自分でトピックが決められる学生は、リストを使用せずに自由に書き進めることができる｡
Improvement in the Quality of Students’ Writings: Six Case Studies
Authors: Komiyama Kazue
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine whether writing practice without grammatical feedback improved the quality of high school students’ essays. Japanese 12th grade students wrote a series of essays on assigned topics as homework. Two cases were given explicit grammatical correction as feedback and the other cases were given only communicative feedback related to the content. Even though students were not instructed to write as much as possible, over the course of the study their essays grew longer overall and had more words per sentence as well as a greater variety of words used. One factor in this growth, noted in an impressionistic rating of the quality of the essays, was the increase in the number of postnominal modifiers. The results suggested that freewriting exercises improve the overall quality of students’ writing and their ability to use the grammar and vocabulary they know to communicate in English without grammar correction feedback.

この研究の目的は、文法訂正のフィードバックを受けること無しに、自由作文の上達が期待できるかどうか調べることであった。日本人高校3年生が、授業外の活動として、タイトルの与えられた自由作文を練習した。そのうち、明示的な文法訂正のフィードバックを受けた2例と、内容に対するコメントをフィードバックされた4例について、時間の経過によるテキストの変化を調査した。どの学習者も、多くの量を書くように指示されなくても、練習回数が増えるにつれ、全体での使用語数が増える傾向にあることが分かった。この伸びの一つの要因として、また、作品への質の評価が高まったという印象の要因として、後置修飾の使用が増えたことがあった。以上の実験とケーススタディでは、文法訂正のフィードバックがなくても、書くことによって全体的に生徒のライティングの質は向上し、英語でコミュニケーションをとるための文法や語彙使用に伸びが見られた。
Importance of Evaluative Reading for the Development of Critical Thinking
Authors: Mineshima Michio , Imai Rie
Published: March 2020

Critical thinking is widely recognized as important in Japanese education including English teaching, as is stipulated, for instance, in MEXT’s Course of Study. However, there is no clear indication that students are successfully learning this generic higher-order thinking skill in secondary- or tertiary-level education. One way to enhance critical thinking is Level 3 reading instruction. This paper shows how Level 3, or evaluative, reading instruction in EFL classrooms can foster learners’ critical reading and by extension critical thinking skills. The other two levels of reading are factual (Level 1) and interpretive/inferential (Level 2). By comparing two different versions of an interpretation of the same text, one using Level 2 reading and the other using Level 3 reading, the authors demonstrate the crucial importance of Level 3 evaluative reading for the development of learners’ critical reading skills.

日本の教育における批判的思考力の重要性は，文科省の学習指導要領の規定にみられるように，広く認められている。しかし，この汎用的高次思考力が高等教育や大学教育において十分に習得されているようには思われない。批判的思考力を伸ばす一つの方法がレベル3の読みである。本稿は，英語の授業においてレベル3の読み，すなわち評価読みの指導が学習者の批判的読みを，ひいては批判的思考力を伸ばす可能性について論じる。他の二つの読みは，レベル１の事実読みとレベル2の解釈・推論読みである。同一テキストをレベル2とレベル3の2つの読みで解釈し，両者の違いを比較することで，レベル３の読みが学習者の批判的読みの技能の伸長にいかに重要であるかを論証する。
Making Videos as Assessment Tasks in Japanese Senior High School
Authors: Ochiai Yoshimi
Published: March 2020

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is one of the mainstream pedagogical approaches in the TESOL field (Miyasako, 2012), but TBLT is not a popular pedagogy in the Japanese senior high school (SHS) context. However, it is sometimes necessary for teachers to complement the contents of the textbook to make lessons more communicative and authentic. Willis’s (2016) TBLT framework was used to design lessons in an elective English Conversation class with 13 SHS students majoring in agriculture. An example task is described in which students recorded introduction videos of their unique school facilities and these were then used for the students’ presentation tests. Their performance tests became more authentic and most students were motivated to complete the task. It is suggested that TBLT could be a good method to supplement the textbook in SHS in Japan.

タスクを用いた教授法（以下、TBLT）は、英語教授法の分野において主要な一教授法である（Miyasako, 2012）が、日本の高等学校教育現場では、TBLTはあまり用いられていない。一方教員は、授業をよりコミュニカティブで真正性を高めるために、教科書内容を補完する必要性に迫られることがある。そこで、13名の農業高校生の受講する選択英語会話の授業にWillis（2016）の提唱するTBLTの枠組みを取り入れた。学校特有の施設紹介を動画撮影することをタスクとして課し、生徒の発表テストとした。そうすることで、パフォーマンステストの真正性が増し、大半の生徒はタスクを遂行しようとする意欲が高まった。本稿は、TBLTは教科書内容を補填するためには良い方法であると提唱する。
Atomic-resolution imaging of rutile TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface by non-contact atomic force microscopy
Authors: Katsube Daiki , Ojima Shoki , Inami Eiichi , Abe Masayuki
Published: March 2020

The structure of the rutile TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface is a phase induced by oxygen reduction. There is ongoing debate about the (1 × 2) reconstruction, because it cannot be clarified whether the (1 × 2) structure is formed over a wide area or only locally using macroscopic analysis methods such as diffraction. We used non-contact atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction at room temperature to characterize the surface. Ti2O3 rows appeared as bright spots in both NC-AFM and STM images observed in the same area. High-resolution NC-AFM images revealed that the rutile TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface is composed of two domains with different types of asymmetric rows.
KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DALAM PENYELESAIAN MASALAH SPLDV PADA SISWA SMP
Authors: Zainudin Bisri , Taufik Arohman , Wibowo Teguh
Published: March 2020

This research aims to describe the mathematical connection in problem solving. Metode of qualitative research. The subject of this study were two ninth graders of junior high school in with a purposive technique. The research instrument was a mathematical connection test problem. The data analysis technique uses three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that students complate aspects of mathematical connections, namely: Aspects of mathematical connections in mathematical problems such as: Students understand the relationship between existing mathematical topics by writing down the equation model as ideas of the problems. Students are able to find the relationship between existing procedures and other procedures in representation with the equivalent concept shown by writing the two-variable linear system material equation. Students apply the relationship between mathematics, and between mathematical material with mathematical material by finding the value of equations. Students are able to use mathematical connections with mathematics or other fields of science using mathematics with economics to determine the number of purchases with capital, and aspects of mathematical connections with everyday life, namely; Students use procedures and concepts from one another according to the question data. The ability of students to use mathematics in everyday life in the context of buying and selling using capital, amount, profit. So, as a whole the mathematical connection ability of junior high school students complate the indicators and into the high connection category. Keywords: mathematical connection, two-variable linear system material, connection aspects.
Health Damages from Air Pollution: Evidence from Opencast Coal Mining Region of Odisha, India
Authors: Nayak Tapaswini , Roy Chowdhury Indrani
Published: March 2020

The present study examines the productive day’s loss of local communities in the opencast coal mining region of Angul (Talcher) district in Odisha, due to respiratory illness, by using the dose-response function model. The productive day’s loss is estimated in terms of restricted activities or work days lost, due to severe respiratory illness (RI), induced by air pollution. Health diaries are analyzed through the seasonal household survey to predict the likelihood of RI-related sickness (in terms of the restricted days) of the residents of the mining region (due to air pollution). Poisson and negative binomial regression are fitted for the purpose of count data analysis. The regression result confirms that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of air pollution (respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM)/particulate matter less than 10 g/m3(PM10) and RI-related sick days, depicting that a reduction in air pollution level (PM10) may cause a reduction in expected number of RI-related sick days in the coal mining region. Further monetary welfare gain from avoiding the RI-related sick days are estimated for the population of Talcher coal mining area, Odisha
Interaksi Simbolik Karyawan Homoseksual di Surabaya
Authors: Edelweis Putri Prima
Published: March 2020

Penelitian berjudul “Interaksi Simbolik Karyawan Homoseksual di Surabaya”, ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertukaran simbolik dalam komunikasi interpersonal karyawan homoseksual di Surabaya. Dalam penelitian ini, homoseksual dipahami sebagai subjek yang memiliki pola atau perilaku komunikasi interpersonal yang merujuk pada simbol yang khas. Untuk mengungkap permasalahan yang dimunculkan dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berdasar pada metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun pemilihan metode terebut disebabkan oleh relevansi metode dalam mengungkap permasalahan penelitian. Relevansi tersebut tampak pada kemampuan metode ini dalam mengungkap proses komunikasi interpersonal karyawan homoseksual di Surabaya. Sebagai penajam analisis, skripsi ini melandasi pemahaman Teori Interaksionisme Simbolik. Berdasarkan analisis, peneliti menemukan bahwa dalam perilaku komunikasi karyawan homoseksual terdapat beberapa hal, yakni: 1) masih adanya anggapan tabu di dalam pikiran kaum homoseksual itu sendiri, 2) adanya permainan simbol yang tertutup dan terbuka yang diperlihatkan oleh individu homoseksual di dalam dunia sosial, 3) tidak semua individu homoseksual memperlihatkan simbol-simbol yang merujuk pada perilaku keperempuanan dalam kegiatan komunikasi.

Kata kunci: Interaksi Simbolik, Komunikasi Interpersonal, Karyawan Homoseksual
Scaling K2. I. Revised Parameters for 222,088 K2 Stars and a K2 Planet Radius Valley at 1.9 R⊕
Authors: Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Zink Jon K. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Dressing Courtney D. , Ciardi David R. , Schlieder Joshua E.
Published: March 2020

Previous measurements of stellar properties for K2 stars in the Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog largely relied on photometry and proper motion measurements, with some added information from available spectra and parallaxes. Combining Gaia DR2 distances with spectroscopic measurements of effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR5, we computed updated stellar radii and masses for 26,838 K2 stars. For 195,250 targets without a LAMOST spectrum, we derived stellar parameters using random forest regression on photometric colors trained on the LAMOST sample. In total, we measured spectral types, effective temperatures, surface gravities, metallicities, radii, and masses for 222,088 A, F, G, K, and M-type K2 stars. With these new stellar radii, we performed a simple reanalysis of 299 confirmed and 517 candidate K2 planet radii from Campaigns 1–13, elucidating a distinct planet radius valley around 1.9 R
⊕, a feature thus far only conclusively identified with Kepler planets, and tentatively identified with K2 planets. These updated stellar parameters are a crucial step in the process toward computing K2 planet occurrence rates.
Diversity of Trametes (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in tropical Benin and description of new species Trametes parvispora
Authors: Olou Boris Armel , Krah Franz-Sebastian , Piepenbring Meike , Yorou Nourou Soulemane , Langer Ewald
Published: March 2020

Trametesis a globally distributed genus of white-rot polypores and well sampled in temperate and boreal areas. However, the diversity, taxonomy, and phylogenetic positions ofTrametesspp. are poorly known in tropical Africa. This study aims at documenting the diversity ofTrametesspecies in Benin (tropical Africa) and their phylogenetic positions with a focus on theT. elegansspecies complex. Therefore, we collected specimens ofTrametesfrom different forest types across Benin. To infer phylogenetic relationships betweenTrametesspecies, we investigated sequences of five gene regions and added available sequences from GenBank. Using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny inference methods, we found eight supported species clades. For theT. elegansspecies complex, we re-establish the nameTrametes palisotiifor species previously known asT. elegansin tropical Africa. Furthermore, we proposeTrametes parvisporaas a species new to science and provide the description of this species. Our molecular phylogeny ofTrameteswith a focus on tropical Benin contributes to taxonomic clarity of an important wood-decay fungal genus, which is the basis for biodiversity assessments ofTrametesin the tropics.
A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa
Authors: Klopper Ronell R. , Crouch Neil R. , Smith Gideon F. , van Wyk Abraham E.
Published: March 2020

The KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa has a varied topography, geology and climate and presents diverse habitats that support a rich and diverse flora. Aloes are well represented in KwaZulu-Natal, with four genera [Aloe L., Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm., Aloidendron (A.Berger) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. and Aristaloe Boatwr. & J.C.Manning] and 49 taxa occurring in the province. Fourteen of these are endemic and eleven near-endemic to the province. A floristic treatment of the aloes of KwaZulu-Natal is presented in the form of a synoptic review. Included are an identification key to the aloes that occur naturally in the province, species-level distribution maps and accompanying images, so providing for the first time, an atlas of aloe occurrence in this part of the subcontinent.
Les récits politiques de l'Anthropocène
Authors: Wallenhorst Nathanaël , Theviot Anaïs
Published: March 2020

Cette contribution propose une typologie des récits politiques de l’Anthropocène à partir d’une double axialisation des interactions entre Anthropocène et politique. La première section porte sur les conceptions du politique dans l’Anthropocène comprises entre des conceptions prométhéennes et post-prométhéennes. La deuxième section interroge les usages de l’Anthropocène en politique appréhendés entre des enjeux de communication politique ou un renouvellement des modes d’organisation politique. La troisième section propose une typologie des récits politiques dans l’Anthropocène à la rencontre de cette double axialisation. Six récits sont identifiés : le récit mensonger, le récit enthousiaste du salut, le récit chinois, le récit idéaliste, le récit citoyen et le récit pervers. Ce travail poursuit et renouvelle les propositions de typologies esquissées par Christophe Bonneuil ou Dominique Bourg et Kerry Whiteside.
Un « moment machiavélien » pour l’intelligence artificielle ?
Authors: Ménissier Thierry
Published: March 2020

Cette contribution analyse un récent (décembre 2018) événement à la fois intellectuel et public, la « Déclaration de Montréal pour le développement responsable de l’IA » ; cette analyse, qui interprète la déclaration comme une tentative d’inspiration républicaine pour se réapproprier l’agentivité humaine ou la responsabilité civique, permet de réfléchir à la forme d’éthique publique la mieux adaptée aux évolutions en cours. Cette contribution de philosophie pratique mêle ainsi les approches : l’éthique appliquée à l’innovation technologique et la philosophie politique sont conjuguées pour formuler une éthique publique adaptée aux développements de l’intelligence artificielle.
Supporting the design activity of farmers in transition to agroecology: Towards an understanding
Authors: Chizallet Marie , Prost Lorène , Barcellini Flore
Published: March 2020

Pour faire face aux nombreux défis techniques, environnementaux et sociaux qui s’imposent à elle, l’agriculture doit changer. Parmi les voies possibles, l’agroécologie est une forme d’agriculture qui semble prometteuse. Elle repose sur l’idée de mobiliser les régulations biologiques et écologiques dans les champs pour développer des systèmes agro-alimentaires soutenables. Une telle forme d’agriculture nécessite une transformation du travail des agriculteurs, perçus non plus comme des utilisateurs de solutions clés en main proposées par les acteurs de la R&D mais comme les concepteurs réels de leurs systèmes de production. Mais comment décrire et caractériser cette activité de conception pour permettre de penser la façon de la soutenir ? Dans cet article, nous donnons à voir quels sont les problèmes de conception que les agriculteurs peuvent affronter lorsqu’ils sont engagés dans une transition vers l’agroécologie et quelle activité de conception ils développent pour faire face à de tels problèmes. En mobilisant une méthode appelée Chronique du Changement auprès d’une dizaine d’agriculteurs, nous avons en effet été en mesure de faire émerger certains traits caractéristiques de cette activité. Nous donnons ainsi à voir un aperçu de la diversité des problèmes de conception, en insistant sur leur niveau de structuration variable et les interdépendances qui existent entre ces problèmes, ce qui permet de souligner le caractère systémique de la transformation du travail dans laquelle sont engagés ces agriculteurs. Nous analysons ensuite l’activité de conception déployée par les agriculteurs, par le biais d’une navigation dans les pôles réel, concevable et virtuel de leur activité de travail. Nous pointons notamment l’ancrage de cette activité de conception dans le réel de leur activité et l’intérêt d’identifier un pôle « concevable » pour interpréter la façon dont dialoguent le réel et le virtuel dans l’activité des agriculteurs en transition vers l’agroécologie. Enfin, nous discutons des moyens et des défis à relever pour soutenir une telle activité de conception et nous mobilisons notre expérience de la méthode Chronique du Changement pour formuler des points d’attention pour la production d’outils d’aide à la conception des agriculteurs.
Infestations, Bites, and Insect Repellents
Authors: Kamath Sonia , Kenner-Bell Brandi
Published: March 2020

Infestations and arthropod bite reactions in children are common reasons for presentation to pediatric health care providers. Infestations in children include head lice, scabies, and other mites. Fleas and bed bugs are common causes of bite reactions in children, and papular urticaria is a chronic, recurrent eruption resulting from delayed hypersensitivity to a variety of insect bites. Both infestations and bite reactions may result in severe pruritus with associated sleep disturbance and can be a source of significant distress for patients and families. In this review, we discuss infestations and bite reactions affecting pediatric patients, along with the approach to treatment and prevention of these conditions.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2020;49(3):e124–e131.]
Exanthematous Eruptions in Children
Authors: Young Trevor K. , Oza Vikash S.
Published: March 2020

Childhood exanthems are commonly encountered by pediatricians in the hospital and the office. In the last several decades, we have seen a shift in the epidemiology of many of these diseases. After being deemed eliminated at the turn of 21st century, measles has experienced a resurgence secondary to falling vaccination rates, raising public health concerns. A new variant of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A6 has been associated with more widespread and atypical disease, which can present diagnostic challenges to clinicians. Parvovirus B19, which is traditionally associated with fifth disease, is also the leading cause of papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, a rare condition with which providers may be unfamiliar. Since the introduction of routine vaccination, there has been a shift in the epidemiology and clinical presentation of primary varicella and herpes zoster. Finally, the recently described phenomenon of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-induced rash and mucositis will be discussed.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(3):e116–e123.

]
Cutaneous Drug Eruptions in Pediatrics—A Primer
Authors: Perez Caroline E. , Dyer Jonathan A.
Published: March 2020

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are commonly seen in the pediatric population in both inpatient and outpatient settings and are important to identify, evaluate, and appropriately manage. Early recognition and proper classification of a cutaneous drug reaction allows the clinician the ability to narrow in on a culprit drug and determine whether the medication is safe to continue. This review discusses the clinical presentation, categorization, and management of cutaneous ADRs in the pediatric population.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(3):e132–e139.]
Povezave med mestom in deželo: samostani kot potrošniki na dunajskem trgu muzikalij med 1750 in 1780
Authors: Hornbachner Christiane Maria
Published: March 2020

Samostanski glasbeniki v redovnih hišah v Zgornji in Spodnji Avstriji, na Štajerskem, Češkem in Moravskem so se v drugi polovici 18. stoletja aktivno udejstvovali kot izvajalci in prepisovalci not dunajskih simfonij, godalnih kvartetov in druge komorne glasbe. Prispevek prinaša vpoglede v njihove strategije zbiranja glasbenih rokopisov in osvetljuje tako komunikacijske povezave kot tudi pomembne materialne vidike glasbenega trga (plačila prepisovalcem not, cene notnega papirja in podobno).
Effect of Ultrasonic Agitation and Spin Coating Speed on the Photovoltaic Properties of Inverted Organic Solar Cell Using Solution-Dispersed Copper Iodide as Anode Buffer Layer
Authors: Khairulaman Farah Liyana , Yap Chi Chin
Published: March 2020

Previous study showed that the introduction of solution-dispersed copper iodide (CuI) as anode buffer layer has improved the performance of inverted type organic solar cell. However, the CuI preparation parameters have yet to be optimized for the inverted type organic solar cell. In this work, the effect of ultrasonic agitation of CuI solution on inverted type organic solar cell based on zinc oxide (ZnO)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) has been studied. ZnO, acting as electron transporter, was spin-coated on top of fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate, while the active layer consisting of P3HT:PCBM as the electron donor and electron acceptor was spin-coated onto the ZnO layer and the top electrode, silver (Ag) was then thermally evaporated. CuI dispersed in acetonitrile solution was ultrasonicated with durations of 10, 20 and 30 min and then was spin-coated on the active layer. It was found that solution-dispersed CuI with longer ultrasonic agitation duration attained a relatively higher PCE than that with shorter duration and the highest PCE was 2.13%, achieved at 30 min ultrasonic agitation due to good film surface morphology. For further optimization, the deposition of CuI was carried out using different spin coating speeds of 1000 and 3000 rpm. The optimum PCE obtained was 2.29 at a spin coating speed of 3000 rpm as a result of uniform layer of CuI.
Chromaticity Properties of Curcuminoids Dye Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning for White Light Down-Conversion
Authors: Al Shafouri M. , Ahmed Naser Mahmoud , Hassan Zainuriah , Almessiere Munirah Abdullah
Published: March 2020

In this study, the chromaticity properties of curcuminoids nanofibers were studied. Recent studies revealed that the nature of emitted light from curcuminoids and the poor stability which limits their illumination applications can be further improved using nanofibers and nanoparticles of curcuminoids. Motivated by this idea, we prepared some Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) integrated curcuminoids nanofibers via electrospinning. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were used in three types of concentration (5,10 and15wt%) which were mixed with (curcuma longa L.) powder to produce curcuminoids solution by using the centrifuge to separate the curcuminoids solution from the impurities. Different amounts of polymer solution mixed with curcuminoids (1 to 5ml) were spun by electrospinning to study its properties. The effect of annealing on samples was studied. The chromatic study of the samples and the effect of the amount and concentration of the solution were studied by pumping the samples in three different light emitting diode (LED) wavelengths (365, 390 and 445nm). The white light chromaticity coordinates (CIE), correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) were measured. The optimum CIE, CRI and CCT values of (X= 0.3051; Y= 0.3370), 64 and 6809K, respectively were obtained. By using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) device, the curcuminoids nanofibers diameter was measured, where the values obtained ranged between 191 to 234nm. After the annealing process, curcuminoids nanoparticles average diameter 13-19 nm were obtained.