bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive arbitration between candidate dimensions of psychopathology
Authors: Fox Celine A , Teckentrup Vanessa , Donegan Kelly Rose , Seow Tricia Xing Fang , Benwell Christopher , Tervo-Clemmens Brenden , Gillan Claire
Published: July 2024

As an alternative to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, transdiagnostic approaches that identify latent dimensions of psychopathology through factor analysis have gained prominence in recent years. A key critique of these approaches, however, is that they are performed at the level of symptoms only. This begs the question: are these dimensions truly more valid predictors of external outcomes than existing alternatives? Are there other ways, that are more data-driven, which can allow us to refine our definitions of clinical phenotypes? We tested this idea empirically, conducting a large-scale meta-scientific comparison of thousands of competing factor solutions that allowed us to determine if the latent structure underlying the covariation of psychiatric symptoms has robust and specific cognitive correlates. In nine independent datasets, comprising N=7565 individuals including patients about to start mental health treatment, healthy individuals, paid and unpaid participants, a broad set of age ranges and cognitive task variants that measured model-based planning and metacognition, we found that factors with the best fit to cognition were those derived from a first-order factor analysis on the maximal number of theoretically informed self-report symptoms available. These factors (‘Compulsivity and Intrusive Thought’ and ‘Anxious-depression’) performed better than thousands of engineered alternatives and performed twice as well as traditional questionnaire total scores. Crucially, this unsupervised approached based on symptom correlation only performed on-par with a partial least squares analysis, a supervised approach to deriving factors based on cognition. These results provide evidence that unsupervised factor analysis of psychiatric symptoms is a viable method for rethinking how we define mental health and illness, affording clear opportunities for enhancing our understanding of specific underlying mechanistic processes.
The Role of Autobiographical Memory in Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Frisone Fabio , brizzi giulia , Cosenza Marina , troncone alda , Riva Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims: Research has highlighted impaired autobiographical memory (AM) in patients with substance-use-disorder (SUD). Although this impacts on the maintenance of the disorder, no systematic review has highlighted the characteristics of AM in SUDs. The present review aims to evaluate studies that have examined AM in patients with SUDs, providing insights into the nature of these impairments and their implications for therapeutic interventions.Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and WebOfScience databases was conducted to identify relevant articles. Of the 14039 studies found, 9737 were not duplicated. After screening, 12 articles were included.Results: Patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence showed fewer specific memories, fewer memories related to self-awareness, more generic memories, and more alcohol-related memories than control subjects. They showed more recent memories related to negative stimuli, fewer positive emotional responses, more negative and neutral memories. These patients also showed more older memories and fewer memories related to recreation and achievement. Patients diagnosed with opioid-use showed fewer integrated memories, more neutral memories, and more relationship-related memories than control subjects. Patients with multiple-substance-use had fewer specific memories. Overall, the studies indicate a significant impairment in AM, characterized by a predominance of overgeneral memories and a lack of specific and detailed recollections.Conclusions: Enhancing AM retrieval can promote a linear temporality, which is essential for the development of self-awareness and narrative identity. The use of innovative technologies, such as AI platforms and avatars, may provide effective therapeutic strategies to facilitate AM retrieval. These findings suggest the need for new strategies that can promote the recall of AMs in SUDs. By improving the ability to access specific, meaningful memories, these interventions can significantly enhance self-awareness and narrative identity, offering a promising avenue for the treatment of SUDs.
Dispositional Optimism, Sleep, and Trait Affective Mediators: A Latent Variable Approach
Authors: Chen Nicole Rui Ying , Majeed Nadyanna M. , Goh Adalia Yin Hui , Koh Paye Shin , Chia Jonathan L , Hartanto Andree
Published: July 2024

Dispositional optimism has been shown to be associated with better sleep. However, most existing studies rely on subjective assessments of sleep, which may not align with objective assessments of sleep. Additionally, research investigating the mechanisms underlying the association between optimism and sleep is lacking. Moreover, the confounding role of possible content overlap in measures relevant to the constructs of interest has been neglected. To address these gaps, we utilised latent variable analysis and investigated the mediating role of depression and trait anxiety across two large-scale studies (total N =2312), with objective sleep measures included in Study 2. In Study 1 (N =1010), a significant and medium association was found between optimism and better subjective sleep. Here, depression emerged as a robust mediator. In Study 2, both objective (N =742) and subjective (N =1302) sleep measures were analysed. Findings revealed a small and significant association between optimism and better subjective sleep, which was mediated by depression. However, optimism was not associated with objective sleep. Trait anxiety was a non-significant mediator in both studies. The current study suggests that the association between dispositional optimism and subjective sleep outcomes do not translate to similar results with objective sleep.
Bringing light into the dark: Exploring the impact of eliciting moral elevation on daily experiences of veterans with moral injury
Authors: McGuire Adam P , Lange Lindsay , Bravo Adrian Jorge , Gabelmann Jeff , Montgomery Zannie , Davies Rachel , Kelley Michelle
Published: July 2024

Moral elevation is described as feeling inspired after witnessing someone engage in virtuous behavior, whereas moral injury is the result of internal conflict that stems from exposure to morally injurious experiences. Building on previous work that used moral elevation to benefit veterans, this study explored the relationship between eliciting elevation, daily motives, and affective experiences for veterans with moral injury-related distress. Using an ABA experimental design, veterans (final n = 22) first completed 4 daily surveys that only included brief daily measures (A), followed by 4 days of measures combined with a daily elevation-eliciting exercise (B), then 4 daily surveys with measures only again (A). On days 5-8, elevation was elicited by presenting short video clips featuring moral exemplars performing virtuous acts, consistent with previous work. Using linear mixed effects models, we assessed the concurrent effects of state elevation on daily experiences during days with elevation elicitation. We also fit linear mixed effects models to compare pre-post changes in daily experiences before and after days 5-8 of watching elevation videos. Results indicated state elevation after videos was linked with higher daily positive affect, self-improvement motives, and compassionate motives. Veterans also reported a significant decrease in daily negative affect, fear, hostility, guilt, and sadness, along with significant decreases in suicidal ideation in the four days after watching elevation videos compared to baseline. These findings provide preliminary support for the potential benefits of eliciting elevation in veterans with moral injury distress and suggest elevation elicitation could be associated with desirable outcomes in daily life.
Metrolinguistic Space, Youth and Identity: Implications for Linguistic and Language Education Research
Authors: Devkota Kamal Raj , Sigdel Jyoti
Published: July 2024

This paper reports the findings of the research concerning how youth in a metropolitan context navigate a metrolinguistic space for constituting plurilingual identity. It applied content analysis as a methodological approach to investigating linguistic and multimodal information available in a metrolinguistic space. Besides, it applied a series of qualitative interviews with the key participants living in the metropolitan city, at least, for the last five years. Inspired by the theoretical and empirical scholarships of Appadurai (1996), Otsuji and Pennycook (2010) and Piccardo (2017), particularly relating the flows of different sorts (people, money, media, ideas, images, languages, ideologies) and identity, this research focused on how the migrant youth in Kathmandu metropolitan city navigated their linguistic identity across these flows. Three themes emerged from the analysis of the data: (a) contestant space of multiple languages, (b) creative construction of metrolingualism, and (c) creative linguistic and multimodal practices in various domains of life, all imperative in shaping youth identity(-ies) in the metropolitan context. The study further points out that metroethnicity and metrolinguistic features challenge monolingual and monocultural borders and shape the identity of the youth in the metropolitan context. Finally, in the light of these findings, this study draws some implications for linguistics and language education research.
Factors Causing Water Loss in the Distribution System at PT AIR Minum Giri Menang (Perseroda)
Authors: Rahman Dadi , Saadi Yusron , Yasa I Wayan
Published: July 2024

The drinking water distribution system is an important component in providing drinking water, functioning to deliver treated drinking water from the source to household connections. As a drinking water management company, it is expected to distribute and meet the community's drinking water needs properly and evenly. Water loss hinders the provision of drinking water, which can cause physical and non-physical losses. This study aims to identify the factors causing water loss in the distribution system of PT Air Minum Giri Menang (Perseroda) and determine strategies to reduce water loss. The method used in this study involves evaluation and observation using water balance calculations based on the International Water Association (IWA). From the analysis, it is known that the level of water loss that occurred in the distribution system at PT Air Minum Giri Menang (Perseroda) in 2023 was 36.14%, consisting of 36.21% physical water loss and 4.88% non-physical water loss. Factors influencing the magnitude of water loss include physical water loss due to distribution network leaks and non-physical water loss, including unauthorized/illegal connections (2.4%) and data handling errors (2.45%). The conclusion drawn is that the factors causing non-physical water loss are due to illegal connections, meter reading errors, and data handling errors.
Development of autonomous energy supply of a mobile surface degassing plant.
Authors: L. V. SERHIIENKO ,   State Higher Educational Educational «Donetsk National Technical University», О. I. SERHIIENKO ,   State Higher Educational Educational «Donetsk National Technical University»
Published: July 2024

. Nowadays, in connection with the difficult situation with energy supply, the implementation of cogeneration technologies using mine methane is becoming of urgent importance. Solving the issue of extracting mine methane as an alternative energy source is of great importance. The article substantiates and develops a method of methane extraction from distant thick layers of sandstone. The idea of the work is to use the laws of forgery and filtration properties of thick layers of sandstone (more than 10 m) distant from the developed layer, which is a gas collector, for the purpose of extraction and further use of methane as an energy resource. The use of the proposed method of methane extraction will allow increasing the safety of cleaning operations, solve the issue of methane utilization and improve the environmental situation in the industrial region. According to the developed method of methane extraction from distant thick layers of sandstone, degassing is performed by underground wells. Capturing the methane-air mixture is carried out using a vacuum pump station, which is located on the main industrial site of the mine. To ensure the company's own production of electricity and thermal energy, a gas-piston cogeneration power plant was chosen. As a fuel, mainline natural gas with an average supply pressure or methane mine gas is used. The basic configuration of the power plant is a gas piston engine with a liquid cooling system. In order to obtain a gas-air mixture of the required concentration (from 25% to 40%) at the vacuumpump degassing station, a methane concentration increase installation is planned. Keywords: methane, sandstone, degassing plant, electrical equipment, energy resource, geological section, degassing wells, gas generator, vacuum pump, gas piston power plants, alternative source.
Collaboration between Islamic Religious Education Teachers and Islamic Religious Extension Workers in Drug Abuse Prevention in Labuhan Batu
Authors: Nasution Zulkarnain , Megawati Betti , Lubis Lahmuddin
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of collaboration between Islamic Religious Education Teachers and Islamic religious instructors in efforts to prevent drug abuse in Madrasah Aliyah Labuhanbatu Regency, focusing on methods, materials, as well as inhibiting and supporting factors. This research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques without numerical data or nominal fractions, as field data is required. Additional research was gathered in the form of information obtained from informants. The study was conducted at MAN Labuhanbatu, MAS Darul Muhsinin, and MAS Nur Ibrahimy, employing data collection techniques including interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Data processing and analysis techniques involved data reduction, presentation, and concluding. The research period spanned from July 20, 2023, to March 3, 2024. The findings revealed that collaboration between Islamic Religious Education Teachers and Islamic religious instructors was executed through two main activities: Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Programming Extracurricular Activity School (PEAS). These collaborations were augmented by: a) Orientation sessions and local seminars on drug education efforts, and b) Organizing extracurricular activities, particularly in scouting, aimed at instilling anti-drug values, including those rooted in the basic principles of Scouting.
Phage Therapy: A Different Approach to Fight Bacterial Infections
Authors: Hibstu Zigale
Published: July 2024

Phage therapy is one of the alternatives to treat infections caused by both antibiotic sensitive and resistant bacteria with no or low toxicity to patients. It was started a century back although rapidly growing bacterial antimicrobial resistance impacting large morbidity, mortality, and financial cost initiated the revival of it. It involves the use of live lytic, bio-engineered, phage-encoded biological products and in combination with chemical antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Importantly, phages will be removed from the body after seven days of clearing infection. They target specific bacterial strains and cause minimal disruption of microbial balance in humans. Phages for medication must be screened for the absence of resistant genes, virulent genes, cytotoxicity, and their interaction with the host tissue and organs. Since they are immunogenic, applying high phage titer for therapy exposes them and activates the host immune system. Up to date, no serious side effects are reported with phage human therapy. In this review, we narrated phage - phagocyte interaction, bacterial resistance to phages, how phages conquer bacterial resistance, the role of genetic engineering and other technologies in phage therapy, therapeutic application of modified phages and phage-encoded products. We also highlighted the comparison of antibiotics and lytic phage therapy, pros and cons of phage therapy, determinants of human phage therapy trials, phage quality and safety requirements, phage storage and handling and current challenges in phage therapy.
Apoptosis of Nerve Cells. Trigger Pathways and Molecular Markers
Authors: I. Bon Elizaveta
Published: July 2024

Most of the biochemical varieties of accidental and regulated cell death fit into four morphological types: apoptosis, autophagic death, senescence, necrosis, and mitotic catastrophe. The information presented in the work on the functional features of cell death will serve as a fundamental basis for further study of destructive processes in cytology with the subsequent implementation of the results obtained into clinical practice.
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Microbiology
Authors: S Bhattacharyya
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence will slowly revolutionize diagnostic medical Microbiology as well as Microbiology research. It is already finding many applications in this context both for disease diagnosis and for disease monitoring. It remains to be seen how Artificial Intelligence shapes diagnostic medical Microbiology in course of time.
Helicobacter pylori infections
Authors: S Bhattacharyya
Published: July 2024

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium. It is implicated in many infections like peptic ulcer disease and can also cause gastric carcinoma. Diagnosis relies on various methods. Treatment can be done by various pharmacological methods.
Acute care nursing in artificially ventilated patient
Authors: Tanhar Bakth choudhury Chishti
Published: July 2024

In acute care services, a drug induced sedated, paralyzed patient is solely depends on nursing care.
Estudio filológico del uso de los arcaísmos en el habla de México
Authors: Gonzalez Freire Jose Manuel
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Este estudio explora el uso de arcaísmos en el habla de Colima, México, y otras regiones hispanoamericanas. Los arcaísmos son palabras del español antiguo que han caído en desuso en España, pero que siguen siendo comunes en estas regiones. Metodología: Se realizó una comparación entre el vocabulario arcaico del habla cotidiana de Colima en el siglo XXI y las palabras usadas por Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra en "El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha" (1605). Esta comparación permite observar las similitudes y la persistencia de estos términos a lo largo del tiempo. Resultados: La comparación mostró que muchas palabras utilizadas por Cervantes, como alacena, lindo, alberca, amagar, anteojos,  cincho, enmarañarse, dilatar, dizque, fidalgo, fogón, guarro, haragán, liviano, mandil, antier, asadura, aventarse, prieto, platicar, raspar, y rendija, todavía se usan en el habla cotidiana de Colima en el siglo XXI. Discusión: Los hallazgos sugieren una notable conservación del léxico español antiguo en ciertas regiones de México, lo cual puede deberse a factores históricos, sociales y culturales específicos que han favorecido la persistencia de estos términos. Conclusiones: Este estudio destaca la riqueza y diversidad del español en Hispanoamérica, evidenciando cómo las palabras del español antiguo han perdurado en regiones como Colima. La comparación con "El Quijote" subraya la continuidad del uso de arcaísmos en el habla contemporánea mexicana.
Análisis de la profesión periodística: el rol de la mujer en la televisión deportiva actual
Authors: Vaquerizo Mariscal Antonio , Alonso Martín-Romo Luis
Published: July 2024

Introduction: 20th-century sports journalism was dominated by men, with little female representation in both sports practice and media coverage. Since the 1980s and 1990s, television in Spain began to open the way for women, although the sports field remained a challenge. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in women in prominent roles within television networks, reflecting greater inclusion. Methodology: The study combines qualitative interviews with quantitative analysis of official data. Sports journalists from media outlets such as Movistar+, RTVE, Mediapro, and Eurosport were interviewed. Data on female presence in sports television during 2022 and 2023, provided by the Madrid Press Association and the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, was also analyzed. Results: The results show an improvement in gender parity in sports television, with women in visible and leadership roles on networks like RTVE, La Sexta, and Antena 3 TV. However, disparities persist in executive positions and sports event narration. Female athletes receive more media coverage when achieving notable successes. Discussion and Conclusions: Despite advances, gender equality in sports journalism faces obstacles. Female journalists must constantly prove their worth. Stereotypes and discrimination persist, especially in narration and management roles. The increasing visibility of women in sports journalism is a positive sign, but continuous effort is needed to achieve true gender equality.
UNUSUAL COMBINATION OF EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY AND AORTIC COARCTATION IN A NEWBORN: A CLINICAL CASE REPORT
Authors: Cherkasova Tatyana M. ,   Altai State Medical University, Andreeva Daria E. , Kazanina Anastasia B. , Kravtsova Elena S. , Matveychuk Kristina S. , Kurdeko Irina V. ,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University
Published: July 2024

The article presents a distinctive clinical scenario involving a newborn with a dual cardiovascular system anomaly: Ebstein's anomaly and aortic coarctation. Challenges in diagnosing this condition stem from the unique clinical presentation of the disease and the functionality of fetal pathways during the initial neonatal phase. The authors emphasize the criticality of promptly diagnosing congenital heart defects, primarily through echocardiography, and efficiently correcting them within an optimal timeframe to diminish mortality rates and enhance the quality of life.
CARDIALGIA OF MYOFASCIAL AND SPONDYLOGENIC ORIGIN: A CLINICAL CASE STUDY
Authors: Yasinskaya A. S. ,   Clinical Emergency Hospital Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
Published: July 2024

The article provides an in-depth analysis of a challenging clinical case involving cardialgia syndrome within the context of chronic musculoskeletal pain
ENHANCING PATIENT REHABILITATION POST-CORONAVIRUS PNEUMONIA THROUGH INDIVIDUALLY DOSED NORMOBARIC INTERVAL HYPOXIC HYPEROXYGENATION THERAPY
Authors: Karelova Natalya Yu. ,   LLC Clinical Treatment and Rehabilitation Center ", Poddubny Denis V. , Larina Alena V. ,   Territory of Health",   , Altai Krai, Barnaul,   LLC Clinical Treatment and Rehabilitation Center "Territory of Health", Altai Krai, Barnaul,   LLC Clinical Treatment and Rehabilitation Center "Territory of Health", Altai Krai, Barnaul
Published: July 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of comprehensive rehabilitation incorporating normobaric interval hypoxic hyperoxytherapy (IHHT) in a day hospital setting for patients recovering from coronavirus pneumonia. Material and Methods. A total of 120 patients with moderate bilateral coronavirus pneumonia participated in the study. Patients underwent a ten-day outpatient rehabilitation program at a day hospital. Two groups were established: the main group (60 patients) received the basic rehabilitation program along with IHHT, while the comparison group (60 patients) underwent only the basic rehabilitation program, including physical therapy, halotherapy, hydrokinesiotherapy, selective chromotherapy, and psycho-emotional relaxation techniques. Patients in both groups were comprehensively evaluated before and after rehabilitation. Results. In the main group, which received IHHT in addition to basic rehabilitation, a significant improvement in breath-holding time in Barbell h and Genchi tests was observed. While the comparison group also showed positive progress in these measures, the main group exhibited statistically superior outcomes. Initial moderate dyspnea levels on the "BDI" / "TDI" scale decreased to mild levels post-rehabilitation in both groups. Notably, the main group demonstrated a more substantial positive trend in dyspnea parameters on the mMRC scale after rehabilitation. Conclusions. Integration of IHHT into comprehensive rehabilitation for patients recovering from coronavirus pneumonia in a day hospital setting enhances outpatient rehabilitation outcomes. This approach aids in improving respiratory function, enhancing hypoxia tolerance, reducing dyspnea severity, alleviating anxiety and depression levels, and enhancing overall quality of life.
CLINICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC INSIGHTS INTO CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH TRICUSPID REGURGITATION
Authors: Antropova O. N. ,   Altai State Medical University, Polyakova I. G. , Zinoviev D. A. , Egorova U. S. , Suraev A. A. ,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Objective. The study aimed to analyze clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory parameters in chronic heart failure (HF) patients with varying degrees of tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Methods. A total of 72 patients who were hospitalized due to heart failure (HF) were included in the study, with an average age of 63.1±10.1 years. The patients underwent a comprehensive general clinical examination that included an evaluation of anamnestic data, focusing on the etiology of HF. Additionally, a general clinical study was conducted. Echocardiography (EchoCG) was performed using the EnVisor C device (Phillips, Holland) following standard techniques and approaches. The severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was assessed in accordance with established recommendations. The patients were then categorized into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 48 patients with grade 1-2 TR, while Group 2 comprised 24 patients with grade 3-4 TR. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package from Statsoft, USA. Student's t-test was utilized to determine the significance of differences between the compared parameters, with results meeting the criterion of p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results. Patients in Group 2 exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of stage III HF compared to Group 1 by 2.9 times (p=0.001), stage II b by 3.1 times (p=0.0005), and congestive heart failure with low ejection fraction by 1.8 times (p=0.003) than patients in Group 1. The average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the grade 1-2 TR group was 6.2% higher (p=0.004) compared to the grade 3-4 TR group. The presence of significant tricuspid insufficiency was associated with more notable dilation of the left heart chambers and an indexed volume of the left atrium. Patients in Group 2 demonstrated more pronounced processes of left ventricular hypertrophy, indicated by a 21.1% higher left ventricular myocardial mass index (p=0.004) and a 10% increase in right ventricular dilation (p=0.005). The level of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the grade 3-4 TR group was 28.7% higher (p=0.015) than in the grade 1-2 TR group. Conclusion. The presence of significant TR was linked to higher HF functional class, increased heart chamber dilation, ventricular hypertrophy, reduced ejection fraction, elevated pulmonary artery pressure, and lower blood hemoglobin levels
The Precedent Phenomenon v derevnyu, k tetke, v glush’, v Saratov as a Linguoculturally Significant Reference to the Province
Authors: Parshina Olga D.
Published: July 2024

The paper discusses the functional and semantic features of the precedent phenomenon v derevnyu, k tetke, v glush’, v Saratov in the Russian language culture when referring to the province. The pragmatics of the phenomenon is related to its component structure reduction. Two and three-component transforms prevail over the initial four-component collocation. The changes in the precedent phenomenon structure may be accompanied by the compositional switch, and changes in their grammar features. Under any transformation, the semantic centre glush’ stays the same. This is due to the zone of the Golden Ratio, which falls on the third component of the initial collocation. The precedent phenomenon and its transforms actively function in the strong textual positions of the title, the first and the last sentence of the text or the paragraph. In such a case, the three-component transforms undergo modal transforms within the framework of the variable interpretation of reality. Two-component transforms serve as a basis for a problem segmentation, which enables the problem to be defined and the situation to be described. The semantic features of the precedent pheno­menon are represented by the range of the contextually relevant meanings as well as by the inclusion in the opposition “capital — province”. The precedent phenomenon v derevnyu, k tetke, v glush’, v Saratov is used for different language games, such as analytical formations and contamination.
On Some Errors in the Translation into Azerbaijani of Dostoevsky’s Novel “Devils”
Authors: Taghiyeva Mahrukh M.
Published: July 2024

This article presents an attempt to assess the quality of the translation, to establish relations of adequacy and equivalence between the literary texts of the novel “Devils” by F. M. Dostoevsky in Russian and Azerbaijani. The novel was written and published in 1870–1872, but was translated into Azerbaijani only in 2011. When conducting a comparative analysis of texts, we encounter some inaccuracies and distortions of the original text. The literary text of Dostoevsky is differentiated by its polyphonism, ideology, unique characters, as well as space-time unity, idiostyle and poetics. It is important to observe the above-mentioned features of the original in translated texts. Comparing adequate parts in the original and translated texts, the author of the article points out some inaccuracies in the transmission of numerals. These inaccuracies in translation affect the intensity of novel’s events, which is undesirable. The article also points out the cases of incorrect transliteration of proper names (especially in stage directions), historical facts (in particular the name of the newspaper), which can mislead the reader. Inadequate rendering of personal pronouns, indicating the gender of the characters, contributes to an illogical perception of the events of the novel. The author of the article attributes some of the discovered inconsistencies to technical errors and omissions of the translator, and some to editorial inattention.
Russian scientists’ motivation and research performance issue
Authors: Temnitskiy Alexander L.
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with the problem of uncovering the motivation structure of Russian scientists’ research, assessing the role learning and self-fulfillment motives play in it and the way those motives are connected to their performance indicators. In order to do that, we propose a model of connection between needs and priority motives characteristic for scientists, uncover a hierarchy of research motives and the level of their fulfillment on the job, define a motivational core and explain its factor structure. We used data from an online survey of Russian scientists (N = 551) taken in the second half of 2022 as a database for our study. We have discovered two main motives for doing research: pleasure gained from one’s work and work independence. They are typical for more than a half of scientists. We found that the work independence motive had a substantial impact on performance. We estimated that out of independent variables used for the analysis, the variations in the academic degree, research field and organization type where scientists were employed had the most differentiating effect on the motivation structure. The factor analysis of motives manifesting in research enabled us to find a single factor propped up by learning values per se, unrelated to tangible, pragmatic or prestige concerns. Links to that factor yielded characteristics typical for increased productivity. Our conclusion is that motivation has a chance to remain a reliable element of scientific human capital only when intangible motives clearly dominate tangible ones.
Water Supply for African Communities.Gender Dimension of the Problem
Authors: Grishina Nina V. , Surname Name A
Published: July 2024

The article examines the role of the female part of the population of various African countries in providing rural communities with water, which is traditionally the responsibility of women and girls. In this regard, emphasis is placed on the negative impact of this labor-intensive process on their health and the possibility of obtaining education with maximum employment in the domestic sector. It is emphasized that to date, in the public consciousness of the population of many African countries, the stereotype of the secondary nature of women to men remains, which is manifested, in particular, in the management of water resources. Examples of international organizations cooperating with African countries and applying a gender-sensitive approach in their activities are given. The authors come to the conclusion that the involvement of the female part of the population in the management of the use of water sources would help communities to manage this natural resource more rationally and would be a factor in eliminating gender disparity in women’s access to socially significant decision-making. At the same time, solving the problem of adequate access of the female population to water resources management is a matter of the distant future.
Features of hybrid threats to the security of the Russian Federation: theoretical and legal analysis
Authors: Bobrova Olga G.
Published: July 2024

The article formulates theoretical approaches to the concept, signs, and characteristics of legal relations that develop during the hybrid war. A system of factors determining the development of legal security of the State border of the Russian Federation in the context of a special military operation has been identified. The hypothesis is substantiated, according to which a special military operation is a response to a hybrid war against Russia. At the same time, hybrid warfare is a phenomenon in which a coalition of attacking states uses a combination of military and non-military measures, polysubjectivity, multi-sphere, including legal space. This approach is enshrined not only in military legal doctrine, but also in international acts of NATO member states in general and the United States in particular. These factors determine the need to make changes to the system of regulatory and legal regulation of ensuring military security of the Russian Federation and its military and political allies (CSTO member states) trade and economic partners (EAEU member states). Methodological approaches to the study of hybrid warfare as a legal phenomenon are proposed, which Russia is facing as a fourth-generation war within the framework of a special military operation now and is likely to face in the future within the framework of the concept of global competition of states. The article presents the results of the application of general scientific and private scientific methods (methodology of system analysis, method of referring to other sciences, special legal method, etc.) to the formulation of the legal characteristics of hybrid warfare (concept, structure of legal relations, place and role of law in countering threats of hybrid warfare), taking into account a special military operation and the need to ensure the security of the State border of the Russian Federation.
Formation of expression of will when making family decisions by spouses
Authors: Ulianova Marina V.
Published: July 2024

Family legal regulation is based on decision-making by spouses by mutual agreement, based on the principle of equality of spouses. Man and personality are central subjects of law, it is important to consider the implementation of family rights of spouses, both personal property and personal non-property.
Purpose: when considering the implementation of marital rights of spouses from the standpoint of a structural and functional approach, to comprehend the procedure for the formation and adoption of a joint expression of the will of spouses when solving both personal non-property issues and property issues related to family life.
Methods: logical, historical-legal, structural-functional.
Results: the legal meaning of “solving issues by spouses by mutual agreement” was revealed; the form in which spouses determine their consent when resolving issues related to family life, the procedure for forming the opinion of spouses when resolving issues affecting property and non-property issues of family life. Conclusions are drawn that can be used as the basis for the course of Family Law, contribute to the improvement of legal regulation and law enforcement.
Naprawienie krzywdy wyrządzonej w wypadkach komunikacyjnych w świetle badań aktowych orzecznictwa sądów powszechnych w 2020 r.
Authors: Kondek Jędrzej
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of a study conducted at the Institute of Justice regarding the jurisprudence of common courts in cases for compensation for harm suffered as a result of road accidents. The scope of the analysis were court cases completed in 2020. This is a continuation of a similar study conducted at the Institute of Justice a few years back, the subject of which was, among others, analysis of court practice in cases for compensation for harm caused in road accidents in cases completed in 2015. The general picture of the problem of compensation for damage caused in traffic accidents has not changed significantly compared to the results of the study regarding such cases completed in 2015. This is still the domain of civil liability insurance, which is not surprising considering its compulsory and universal nature, and the compensation sought and awarded has not been relatively high (taking into account the scale of damage, especially in the event of the death of a loved one or permanent disability). Harm caused in traffic accidents is an important source of claims in cases for compensation for damage (sensu largo) caused by road accidents. Compensation for such harm was sought in almost 30% of all cases for compensation caused by a traffic accident, although this category was inferior in number to claims for compensation for property damage, which was sought in more than half of the cases. Traffic accidents are the main cause of harm in general. The main conclusion from the conducted research is that the fears regarding the inflation of claims for compensation have not yet come true and the practice of insurers has a significant impact on the number of cases for compensation in courts.
Nieuniknione i nadzwyczajne okoliczności w przepisach o imprezach turystycznych
Authors: Wojtaszek-Mik Ewa
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic that spread in 2020 has greatly impacted tourism. It resulted in the need to confront it with the concept of “unavoidable and extraordinary circumstances” contained in the Act on packages travel arrangements and linked travel services and in Directive 2015/2302. This is evidenced by numerous court decisions, doctrinal statements, and even legislative proposals. The article contains considerations on the concept of “unavoidable and extraordinary circumstances” and its relationship to the concept of “force majeure”. The various roles of the above mentioned concept were presented, with particular emphasis on the latest case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, including: as a circumstance excluding the liability of the tour operator and a reason justifying the termination of the packages travel contract by either party.
Succession of State Territory
Authors: Shkabaro Veronika M. ,   Alfred Nobel University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of state territory as an object of succession of states along with other objects of succession, which include state territory, international agreements (treaties), state property, state archives, state debts, membership in international organizations, state borders. International law solves the processes of state-territorial changes through the institution of succession of states, which is one of the most complex political and legal problems of the modern world. The article analyzes the grounds for the succession of states. Attention focuses on the problems of succession of states in the context of territorial succession. It is substantiated that the territorial aspect of the succession of states is particularly relevant and problematic in the modern world. The importance of the institution of legal succession of states determines as one of the oldest in international law. This article examines the existing approaches to the definition of the concept of “succession of states”. It is emphasized that international law binds succession only with the change of territory, and the succession of states arises if there is a final and irrevocable replacement of the sovereignty of one state over a particular territory with the sovereignty of another state. The article researches the peculiarities of the institution of legal succession of states in the legal doctrine of Ukraine and national and international legal acts. The author of the article analyzes the content of the current normative legal acts of international and national law of Ukraine on the territorial aspect of the succession of states. It is specified that the international legal basis of succession of states is rather insignificant and extremely limited. The author emphasizes that territorial transformations and changes in the political map of the world will not bypass the 21st century because of the events taking place in Ukraine and the world. European integration processes and separatist movements only strengthen the urgency of the problem of succession of states, demanding the improvement of the mechanism of legal regulation. The author also presents promising directions for further scientific research on improving the legislative definition of the succession of Ukraine.
HARMONIZATION OF UKRAINIAN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION WITH EU DIRECTIVES IN COMBATING THE TRAFFICKING OF TRANSPLANTATION ORGANS AND OTHER HUMAN ANATOMICAL MATERIALS: LEGAL ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION PROSPECTS
Authors: Subot Nadia I. ,   Sumy State University
Published: July 2024

This article is dedicated to analysing the necessity of implementing international legal acts into Ukraine’s national legislation in the field of combating the trafficking of transplantation organs and other human anatomical materials, with the aim of harmonizing regulatory norms and standards in accordance with the acquis Communautaire of the European Union. The author focuses on three main legal documents whose implementation is urgently required in the context of adapting the Ukrainian legal system to European standards in the field of transplantation. Firstly, the article examines the Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs, which stipulates the introduction of criminal liability for the implantation of organs outside the official transplantation system or in violation of the basic principles of national legislation. It also emphasizes the need to strengthen the protection of victims of such illegal activities, as outlined in Articles 19-20 of the Convention. Secondly, the necessity of implementing Directive 2010/53/EU on standards of quality and safety of human organs intended for transplantation is highlighted. This directive regulates requirements for donor and organ testing, identification and traceability systems, preservation, packaging, and transportation procedures of transplants, as well as the organizational structure and qualifications of personnel in the field of transplantation. The third aspect concerns Directive 2012/25/EU, which governs the procedures for monitoring, reporting, and recording serious adverse reactions and incidents in transplantation to ensure the prompt exchange of information between EU member states and the adoption of appropriate measures. The author thoroughly analyses the mechanisms for implementing the acts, including the need for amendments to national legislation, the development of subordinate regulations, educational standards, and the establishment of international cooperation and data exchange. It is emphasized that harmonization with European standards in the field of transplantation is a key factor in ensuring high levels of quality and safety in transplantation procedures, combating illegal organ trafficking, and integrating Ukraine into the unified European legal space.
Fractal Biology — Evolution from Molecular to Cognitive, and Psychological Dimensions
Authors: Dyakin Victor
Published: July 2024

Biological and artificial intelligence (BI and AI) share the fundamental principles of space-time information processing based on symmetry transformation. Therefore, cognitive-science-inspired AI represents a promising area of exploration. A convincing example are the fractal structure of human languages and protein assembly. Biological processes’ temporal and spatial plasticity links them to basic laws of physics. Continuous advances in fundamental physical theories allow understanding of all aspects of space-time symmetry (STS) natively intertwined with the principle of relativity and causality.

Spatial aspects of symmetry represented by three sub-domains such as chirality, fractality, and topology, are widely studied in biology. The role of chirality in biology has been analyzed in several recent reviews. However, the fractals and topological states of biological structures is a relatively new and fast-developing branch of science. Here, we trace publications exploring the role of fractal symmetry in all hierarchical states of biological organization, including at the molecular, cellular, morphological, physiological, perceptual, cognitive, and psychological levels. The coverage of the above-listed areas in current studies is sharply unequal and unsystematic. A broad view of biological fractality opens a unique opportunity to discriminate between a healthy state and a wide range of disease conditions. Psychiatric, neurological, and immune disorders are associated with aberrant molecular assembly and morphological changes in neural circuits, suggesting that the chain of chirality/fractality transfer through all levels of physiological organization deserves persistent attention.