bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of humoral and cellular immunity to measles vaccine in adults
Authors: Toptygina A. P. , Andreev Yu. Yu. , Smerdova M. A. , Zetkin A. Yu. , Klykova T. G.
Published: April 2020

Despite adherence to the policy of mass measles vaccination in the majority of countries, this infection still remains far from being fully eradicated. Measles outbreaks are reported worldwide, when the vast majority of cases are recorded in subjects of 18—35 years of age. Studies on assessing measles IgG antibody level in different regions of Russia reveal increased percentage of measles seronegative subjects among young adults. Current study was aimed at investigating formation of humoral and cellular immunity after measles vaccination in seronegative adults aged 18 to 30 years old. There were enrolled 50 measles seronegative healthy volunteers aged 18 to 30 years old. Level of anti-measles IgM and IgG antibodies was measured by ELISA (Vector-Best, Russia). Subclasses of measles specific IgG antibodies were analyzed by ELISA, by replacing IgG conjugate for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 conjugates, whereas measles specific IgA antibodies were estimated by ELISA with IgA conjugate (Polygnost, Russia) at a concentration of 1 μg/ml. Antibody avidity was assessed by ELISA (Euroimmun, Germany). Cell-mediated measles immunity was estimated by CD107a surface expression on CD8hi T cell subset stimulated by measles virus-derived antigens. A specific cellular response to measles antigens before vaccination was detected in 50% of examined subjects, whereas 40% samples showed no signs of cellular immune response, with 10% of remaining cases described as equivocal. It was found that 6 weeks after vaccination all vaccinated subjects developed measles specific IgG antibodies at protective level reaching 1.33 (0.85—1.82) IU/ml [Me (LQ—UQ)]. Anti-measles IgA antibodies were of 0.655 (0.423—1.208) IU/ml [Me (LQ—UQ)]. However, no measles specific IgM antibodies were detected 6 weeks after vaccination. In addition, primary type of immune response (dominant low-avidity anti-measles antibodies IgG3 subclass) to measles vaccination was observed in 24 out of 50 subjects, whereas 26 subjects developed secondary type of immune response (high-avidity anti-measles antibodies dominated by IgG1 subclass). A measles specific cellular immune response was observed in 47 of the 50 examined subjects, and in 3 volunteers it was equivocal. Further analysis revealed a cohort of subjects who were not vaccinated against measles (18 subjects), although 60% of them provided medical record on previous dual measles vaccination occurred in childhood. Another cohort consisted of subjects who had medical record of measles vaccination in childhood (32 subjects), but lost protective measles antibodies produced by plasma cells (23 subjects), and memory T cells (3 subjects), or measles antibodies and memory B cells (6 subjects) over time. Such pattern evidences that measles-specific cellular and humoral arms immune responses were developed and maintained independently of each other.
Результативность трудового поведения домохозяйств в условиях трансформации отношений собственности и условий занятости
Authors: Темницкий Александр Лазаревич
Published: April 2020

Цитирование: Темницкий А.Л. (2020) Результативность трудового поведения домохозяйств в условиях трансформации отношений собственности и условий занятости // Мир России. Т. 29. № 2. С. 134–155. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-2-134-155

В настоящей статье проблема результативности в трудовом поведении наемных работников анализируется с позиций целей и интересов домохозяйства. В этой связи в качестве важнейших результирующих показателей трудового поведения рассматриваются размер оплаты труда, соотнесенный с затратами времени, удовлетворенность оплатой и работой в целом, уверенность в занятости. В качестве информационной базы исследования используются данные Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения (RLMS-HSE) за 1994–2017 гг. В статье дается диагностика эффективности трудового поведения городских наемных работников, занятых на формальном рынке труда, с учетом изменений в отношениях собственности и стабильности занятости в организациях. С помощью регрессионного анализа с фиктивными переменными выявлен вклад занятости на частных предприятиях в объяснение размера зарплаты. Показаны признаки потери привлекательности занятости на частных предприятиях, сохранения стабильности условий занятости для абсолютного большинства работников (за исключением ситуации с рабочим временем), вынужденного характера трудовой и профессиональной мобильности, роста уверенности в занятости при различных проявлениях динамичности в поведении, невозможности уделять больше времени семье из-за неготовности поступиться возможностями для заработка.
Скрытое студенческое недовольство в условиях академического капитализма: сравнительный анализ идеальных типов студентов гуманитарных и технических специальностей
Authors: Резаев Андрей Владимирович , Ни Максим Леонидович
Published: April 2020

Цитирование: Резаев А.В., Ни М.Л. (2020) Скрытое студенческое недовольство в условиях академического капитализма: сравнительный анализ идеальных типов студентов гуманитарных и технических специальностей // Мир России. Т. 29. № 2. С. 49–71. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-2-49-71

Цель настоящей статьи состоит в предложении концептуальных инструментов для исследования скрытых (не вынесенных в публичное пространство) причин недовольства студентов вузов различными аспектами получаемого образования и в применении этих инструментов при анализе конкретных эмпирических кейсов. Рассмотрение скрытого недовольства студентов принципиально важно в контексте проникновения в практику управления вузами парадигмы академического капитализма, в рамках которой постулируется, с одной стороны, ориентация на нужды студента, с другой стороны, необходимость связи получаемого образования с требованиями современного рынка труда. Эмпирическим материалом для анализа выступают интервью и фокус-группы со студентами и преподавателями трех крупных вузов России и Украины, специализирующимися по социально-гуманитарным и техническим направлениям. В качестве основной теоретической базы были избраны положения французской прагматической социологии, в рамках которой университет рассматривается как организация, конституированная моральными конвенциями между ее членами. Сравнительный анализ позволил выделить ценностные основания критических аргументов, высказываемых студентами относительно получаемого образования: в ситуациях недовольства студенты, как правило, апеллируют к миру ценностей индустриального града справедливости (в терминологии Л. Болтански и Л. Тевено). На основании собранных данных мы выделяем два «идеальных» типа скрытого студенческого недовольства, принимающего сходные формы, однако сильно различающиеся по своей внутренней логике в зависимости от специальности. Представленные «идеальные» типы могут быть использованы в качестве оснований для гипотез в исследованиях российского (и шире – постсоветского) высшего образования.
Глобализация образования в системном контексте
Authors: Малинецкий Георгий Геннадьевич , Сиренко Светлана Николаевна
Published: April 2020

Цитирование: Малинецкий Г.Г., Сиренко С.Н. (2020) Глобализация образования в системном контексте // Мир России. Т. 29. № 2. С. 92–107. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-2-92-107

В настоящей статье в рамках теории гуманитарно-технологической революции рассматривается роль знания, технологий и образования при переходе от индустриальной к  постиндустриальной фазе развития цивилизации. Мир находится в точке бифуркации, и  изменение отношения к образованию и знанию может определить траекторию как мира в  целом, так и отдельных цивилизаций. Сейчас «финансовая» и «товарная» глобализация переживает кризис, и на первый план выходят глобализационные процессы в сфере образования и технологий, а также проблемы, связанные с климатическими изменениями, исчерпанием ряда ключевых ресурсов и загрязнением окружающей среды. В статье большое внимание уделено анализу результатов исследования PISA для России, Беларуси и других стран постсоветского пространства. Показано, что новая индустриализация и прорыв требуют изменения отношения к знанию, образовательной стратегии и политике. В статье обсуждаются возможные направления модернизации образовательной стратегии Союзного государства.
Against all odds: traumatic thumb amputation following ring avulsion injury
Authors: Hamzan Muhammad Izzuddin , Jeffrey Mohamad J. , Halim Ahmad S. , Mat Saad Arman Z.
Published: April 2020

Background. Replantation of an avulsed digit often poses a surgical challenge even to an experienced microsurgeon. Therefore, it is often difficult to choose the treatment path for traumatic amputation of digit following ring avulsion injury, be it completion amputation or replantation. We discuss the surgical challenges encountered and management strategies used in this case of an unfortunate child who sustained an amputation of his dominant thumb.
Clinical case. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who sustained a complete amputation of his right thumb following a ring avulsion injury which was reconstructed with multiple approaches and surgical techniques to address difficulties at different stages. We replanted the avulsed thumb, reconstructed the tendon, soft tissue coverage with the use of allograft skin and local flap, and improvised surgical tactic to overcome complications encountered intra- and post-operative states such as thrombosis of arterial anastomosis and venous congestion.
Discussion. There is scarce literature on the management of ring avulsion injury of the thumb and to the authors best knowledge, there was only one reported case in children. In the case described here, we report a good outcome with complex reconstructive surgery despite all odds in an attempt to salvage the thumb, especially in a pediatric population. Post-surgical reconstruction, the boy achieved a successful and acceptable outcome in terms of function and aesthetic appearance.
Conclusion. The journey through replantation of an amputated digit following avulsion injury poses various challenges both to the microsurgeon and patient. The decision of surgical tactics must be tailored and thoroughly reason based on the knowledge, experience, and good microsurgical skill. A good surgical outcome can be achieved even in a complex injury in the pediatric population with careful planning and the right intervention in each complication peri-operative.
Purpurin Esters Containing a Saturated Cyclic Fragment with Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Kharlamova Т.V. , Seidakhmetova R.B. , Praliyev K.D.
Published: April 2020

The present study is a continuation of the scientific research works for the synthesis of anthraquinonе-containing derivatives with cyclic ring systems by the interaction of 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone (purpurin) with cyclic carboxylic acid chlorides. Series of purpurin esters containing a saturated cyclic fragment was studied for antibacterial activity about museum strains of microorganisms. The effects of these preparations in vitro about Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853 and fungus Сandida albicans АТСС 10231 were studied. It has been found that the compounds with the cyclohexane fragment have possess an antimicrobial activity with strains of microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538 for which the MIC value was 31.25 μg/ml.
Produtos artesanais à base de plantas para o tratamento animal
Authors: Silva Juciely Gomes da , Jerônimo Rayane Ellen de Oliveira , Azevedo Camila Firmino de
Published: April 2020

Desde os primórdios, o homem faz uso de plantas e produtos naturais, devido ao seu alto potencial de prevenção e cura das principais afecções acometida a eles. As plantas medicinais também podem ser usadas para tratar animais, in natura ou transformadas em diferentes tipos de preparações, sendo consideradas como alternativa segura, viável e de baixo custo, em especial, para agricultores familiares, uma vez que reduz o uso de medicamentos sintéticos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este estudo preparar diferentes produtos artesanais à base de plantas medicinais para uso animal, bem como incentivar e promover o uso de produtos naturais no tratamento e prevenção de doenças em animais. Foram produzidos sabonetes, pomadas e óleos artesanais no Laboratório de Biologia do Campus II da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Tais produtos foram distribuídos com agricultores, tutores e entidades de proteção animal, além de expostos em eventos científicos e culturais, juntamente com mudas de espécies medicinais e folders informativos sobre o tema. A preparação e distribuição desses produtos, além da distribuição de mudas e de folders informativos surgem como forma de disseminar o conhecimento sobre o uso seguro e racional e estimular o cultivo e o uso de plantas no tratamento animal.
Vulnerabilidade programática para insegurança alimentar de crianças expostas ao HIV: revisão integrativa.
Authors: Bick Marília Alessandra , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de
Published: April 2020

Revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases LILACS, IBECS, PubMed e Scopus, em setembro de 2019, com o objetivo de analisar as evidências da literatura científica os fatores que influenciam a vulnerabilidade programática para insegurança alimentar de crianças expostas ao HIV. Foram incluídos 22 artigos primários publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. A análise das evidências possibilitou a integração dos resultados desses artigos em três fatores que aumentam ou diminuem a vulnerabilidade: opções de alimentação, conhecimentos de atitudes e práticas dos profissionais e estrutura dos serviços. Como fatores de risco: burocracia para acesso gratuito à fórmula láctea, falha nas orientações para boas práticas de alimentação, estigma, mudanças nas diretrizes, acesso a diferentes serviços e insumos insuficientes. Concluímos que há necessidade de qualificar as orientações de opções de alimentação para as famílias dessas crianças, articulando as diretrizes das políticas públicas com as práticas dos profissionais de saúde e a estrutura dos serviços.
A intensidade da orientação empreendedora e capacidade de marketing no varejo supermercadista
Authors: Santos Ruan Carlos dos , Santos Ismael Luiz dos , Silva Junior Daniel de Souza
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo busca a evidenciação dos construtos Orientação Empreendedora (OE) e Capacidade de Marketing (CM) no segmento supermercadista de Santa Catariana. A pesquisa possui um caráter exploratório que partindo da formulação das hipóteses H1 e H2, procurou-se confirmar a presença dos constructos OE e CM nas empresas associadas à Associação Catarinense de Supermercado (Acats). Foram contemplados 342 supermercados distribuídos em 35 cidades do Norte ao Sul do Estado de Santa Catarina, de um total de 679 empresas associadas à Acats. A proposta da pesquisa envolveu um levantamento bibliográfico, a aplicação de questionários aos participantes da EXPOSUPER 2017, e a posterior análise dos resultados. Apesar de se basear em um modelo teórico consagrado, este estudo possui certo teor de originalidade na medida em que analisa a orientação empreendedora no varejo supermercadista utilizada na verificação da capacidade de marketing na concorrência do mercado empresarial. Os resultados evidenciaram que existente, e com grande intensidade, a presença dos construtos orientação empreendedora nas dimensões de inovação, proatividade e risco; e capacidade de marketing nas dimensões de pesquisa de mercado, preço, produto, promoção e gestão. A utilização das perspectivas teóricas relacionadas à capacidade de marketing e empreendedorismo aplicadas ao setor supermercadista. Estas potencializam habilidades e recursos para conseguir uma forte posição no mercado, considerando as perspectivas de clientes e concorrentes. Os empresários poderão entender melhor as necessidades e expectativas dos clientes, além dos movimentos dos concorrentes, podendo conduzir e direcionar as informações no desenvolvimento da maior efetividade dos seus recursos e capacidades.
The Use of ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems in the Process of Preparation and Provision of Environmental Insurance
Authors: Lemkowska Malwina
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research is to assess usefulness of the implemented and certified management systems for preparation and provision of insurance. Data was collected by means of non‑real‑time, time‑extended, text‑based online focus groups, obtained via Bulletin Board platform. Respondents were selected according to judgmental sampling, and were insurance sector experts. The template analyses of the interview transcript supported by a narrative approach were conducted. The research demonstrated that environmental insurance and ISO 14001 environmental management systems (EMSs) at present, remain in Poland almost entirely independent of each other. Representatives of insurance industry do not use the information about the system implementation while preparing and providing insurance cover. ISO 14001 EMSs present little credibility for insurance experts and according to the respondents, their implementation does not significantly and undoubtedly affect the level of the covered risk. Consequently, insurance buyers do not profit from insurance (lower premiums, improved insurance scope) resulting from the implementation of ISO 14001 systems. Industry representatives, however, use – albeit unconsciously – systemic documentation in the process of preparation and provision of insurance cover. They also examine systemic processes performed in the organisation at the stage of risk assessment. Improvement of credibility of certification process, based on profound cooperation between certification institutions and insurance industry may increase the importance of ISO 14001 EMSs for the process of preparation and provision of insurance cover.
Osoby starsze i ich potrzeby jako wyzwanie dla edukacji i rynku pracy
Authors: Wieczorkowska Magdalena
Published: April 2020

Polityka senioralna wydaje się jednym z priorytetowych obszarów działania wielu państw stojących w obliczu starzenia się społeczeństw, w tym także dla Polski. Zapewnienie wsparcia oraz włączanie seniorów do głównego nurtu życia społecznego to od kilkunastu lat sztandarowe hasła strategii działań na poziomie międzynarodowym, regionalnym, krajowym i lokalnym. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie relacji, jakie zachodzą między seniorami a rynkiem edukacyjnym oraz rynkiem pracy. Wybrane obszary, są – obok ochrony zdrowia – kluczowe, jeśli chodzi o aktywne starzenie się i działania włączające. Artykuł oparty jest na badaniach typu desk research, a jego podstawą była analiza dokumentów zastanych. Główne tezy artykułu głoszą, iż, po pierwsze, istnieje niedopasowanie między realnymi potrzebami seniorów a ich zaspokajaniem oraz, po drugie, zaspokajanie potrzeb seniorów napotyka na przeszkody wynikające z braku wykwalifikowanej kadry, która mogłaby dostarczać optymalnych rozwiązań. W pierwszej części zaprezentowane zostanie zagadnienie polityki senioralnej jako strategii na różnych szczeblach polityki społecznej. W drugiej części przedstawiona będzie analiza rynku edukacyjnego oraz rynku pracy jako dwóch kluczowych obszarów dla aktywnego starzenia się. Seniorzy są bowiem aktywnymi uczestnikami obu tych sfer, ale także beneficjentami świadczeń dostarczanych przez wykształcone i wykwalifikowane kadry usług senioralnych. Celem analiz jest pokazanie tych wzajemnych relacji oraz rekomendacje w zakresie poprawy sytuacji w obu obszarach.
EXPERIENCE OF USING TB TEST KIT FOR THE RAPID DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF M. TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Domotenko L. V. , Morozova T. P. , Shemyakin I. G. , Shepelin A. P.
Published: April 2020

The results of the comparative testing of the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis clinical strains to isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin and ethambutol using the TB test kit, developed in SCRAMB, (Obolensk) and the absolute concentrations method; the TB test kit and the BACTEC MGIT 960 automated system are presented in the study. A total of 629 and 220 strains, respectively, were tested. A high degree of agreement of the results was shown: 89.1-98.6% for isoniazid, 96.2-98.0% for rifampicin, 91.5-98.2% for streptomycin and 89.1-95.9% for ethambutol. The smallest number of discrepancies in the results was obtained when comparing the TB test kit and BACTEC MGIT 960. The discrepant results analysis was performed by the proportion method, PCR sequencing, or re-testing on new lots of the TB test kit and Lowenstein-Jensen medium with anti-tuberculosis drugs, after which the sensitivity, the specificity and the efficiency of the TB test kit have exceeded 95 % for all anti-tuberculosis drugs. The turnaround time with the TB test kit (median 9.25-9.9 days, ranged from 8 to13 days) was significantly shorter than that with the absolute concentration method (median 21-23 days, ranged from 20 to 28 days) and is commensurate with the turnaround time with BACTEC MGIT 960 (average 7.2 days, ranged from 5 to 12 days). The TB test kit is easy to use, does not require expensive equipment and special staff training.
Performance improvement in Resampling Based Clustering
Authors: Aziz Okta Qomaruddin
Published: April 2020

Clustering is one of powerful technique to find a biological mechanism in gene expression. This technique identify a gene that has same expression. Using bootstrap method we can improve the quality of microarray, thus resampling based clustering (RC) is consider one of the improvement. RC use K-means clustering to determine initial parameter and need thousands of iteration to converge. Performance improvement can be done at preprocess, such as normalization and changing the initial parameter. Normalization can remove or lower the bias in microarray. The result show that normalization can improve the accuracy of RC. In addition, for parameter K, a lower value will lower the accuracy of this RC.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Panti dan Suci melalui Kegiatan Budidaya dan Agribisnis Jamur Tiram dengan Pola Kemitraan untuk Memanfaatkan Waktu Luang
Authors: Wulanjari Distiana
Published: April 2020

Lokasi Kecamatan Panti yang terletak pada ketinggian antara 180-700 mdpl sangat potensial untuk ditanami tanaman perkebunan seperti kopi. Hal ini berdampak pada mata pencaharian warga sekitar yang bekerja paruh waktu di perkebunan, selain bertani di lahan keluarga. Waktu luang yang cukup leluasa dapat digunakan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan melalui kegiatan budidaya dan agribisnis jamur tiram (mengingat lokasi di kedua desa sangat berpotensi untuk mengembangkan budidaya jamur tiram). Di Desa Panti dan Desa Suci terdapat kelompok jamur tiram yang kurang produktif, sehingga dapat dijadikan mitra untuk membudidayakan jamur tiram di sela-sela waktu luang. Harapannya mitra dapat mandiri membudidayakan jamur tiram sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomiannya. Oleh karena itu beberapa bentuk kegiatan dilakukan mulai dari teknik pembuatan baglog jamur, teknik budidaya jamur tiram, pemasaran dan analisis kelayakan usaha budidaya jamur tiram. Sebagai bentuk hilirisasi produk jamur tiram maka dilakukan pula sosialisasi mengenai produk olahan berbasis jamur tiram dengan sasaran ibu-ibu dan pemudi di kedua desa. Produk yang paling diminati warga untuk dikembangkan adalah nugget jamur tiram. Keseluruhan kegiatan tersebut dilakukan pendampingan hingga mitra dapat mandiri. Hasil pengabdian ini mampu menciptakan 10 titik wirausaha yang terdiri dari 4 titik mitra budidaya jamur tiram dan 1 titik mitra olahan jamur tiram di Desa Panti, serta 3 titik mitra budidaya jamur tiram dan 2 titik mitra olahan jamur tiram.

Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Jamur tiram, Kemitraan
KANDUNGAN FORMALIN PADA UDANG VANAME SETELAH PERENDAMAN FORMALIN DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Hermawan Okky , Mukti Ahmad Taufiq , Yasin M.
Published: April 2020

Udang merupakan salah satu komoditi ekspor unggulan di Indonesia. Udang juga merupakan salah satu produk perikanan yang mudah busuk (high perishable), oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu proses untuk meminimalisir pembusukan. Pengawetan adalah salah satu cara untuk meminimalisir pembusukan. Cara yang sering digunakan untuk mempertahankan kualitas atau mengawetkan suatu produk perikanan adalah dengan menggunakan es batu,. Akan tetapi, banyak pelaku bisnis menilai tidak praktis dan harganya relatif mahal, akhirnya menggunakan formalin untuk proses pengawetan. Penggunaan formalin pada makanan dapat membahayakan manusia jika terpapar lebih dari ambang batasnya. Selain itu, penggunaan formalin sebagai pengawet pada makanan juga tidak diperboehkan, baik dalam peraturan dalam maupun luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan formalin pada udang vaname setelah direndam pada formalin dengan dosis yang berbeda. Deteksi formalin tersebut dilakukan di balai besar laboratorium kesehatan (BBLK), Surabaya menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil fungsi linier, semakin tinggi konsentrasi formalin yang diberikan, maka semakin banyak formalin yang terkandung dalam udang vaname dengan mendapatkan hasil tertinggi yaitu 430,2 ppm pada perlakuan perendaman 5 % selama satu jam.
Avant-propos
Authors: BOUVAREL I.
Published: April 2020

Dans un objectif d’amélioration de la compétitivité, les poulets de chair sont sélectionnés sur leur vitesse de croissance et leur efficacité alimentaire. Ces deux critères ont ainsi été multipliés respectivement par 4 et par 3 en 60 ans. La sélection d’animaux capables d’ingérer une grande quantité d’aliment a permis ces gains de productivité, avec différentes conséquences en termes de bien-être animal car les animaux les plus performants sont aussi le plus souvent les plus fragiles. Les citoyens européens se montrent de plus en plus sensibles à la question du bien-être et à la santé des animaux d’élevage. Cette préoccupation sociétale grandissante s’est traduite au niveau communautaire par l’établissement de recommandations au Conseil de l’Europe, et par l’élaboration de Règlements et Directives, au sein de l’Union Européenne, qui fixent des normes applicables aux élevages, aux transporteurs et aux abattoirs. Ces textes incluent un processus auto-évolutif par des révisions régulières, basées sur des rapports d’experts présentant des données scientifiques relatives au bien-être des animaux d’élevage. La directive 2007/43/CE sur le bien-être des poulets de chair a été transposée en droit français par l’arrêté du 28 juin 2010 établissant les normes minimales relatives à la protection des poulets destinés à la production de viande. Ce texte régit les chargements maximum (33, 39 et 42 kg/m²) qui seront accessibles aux éleveurs sous réserve de répondre à plusieurs obligations.

Dans ce contexte particulièrement sensible pour les acteurs de la filière, ce dossier a pour ambition de faire le point sur les différents problèmes de bien-être observés chez le poulet de chair à croissance rapide, aux stades de la reproduction et de la production, et de proposer différentes solutions pour améliorer la robustesse des poulets de chair sans aucune prétention d’exhaustivité.

Nous avons fait le choix d’associer des auteurs de différentes disciplines impliqués plus ou moins directement dans la production afin de confronter les points de vue. Ces travaux ont fait l’objet de présentations lors des dernières Journées de la Recherche Avicole en mars 2011.

Après une présentation des relations entre la génétique et le bien-être du poulet de chair (Arnould et al), Brière et al apportent un aperçu sur les liens complexes entre la nutrition et la fertilité, tant au niveau de l’organisme que des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires pouvant être impliqués. Différentes voies nutritionnelles sont envisagées pour améliorer le bien-être des reproducteurs, qui sont dans la pratique restreints. Magnin et Bouvarel montrent ensuite comment la conduite alimentaire permet de limiter chez le poulet de chair en production, l’apparition de troubles locomoteurs, digestifs et métaboliques, avec des possibles marges de progrès via les modalités de distribution des aliments. Enfin, pour pallier une très grande sensibilité des poulets de chair aux pics de chaleur, Collin et al présentent les avantages d’une technique d’acclimatation au stade embryonnaire.
Identify key genes and pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Luo Huatian , Chen Da-qiu , Pan Jing-jing , Wu Zhang-wei , Yang Can , Xu Hao-jie , Xu Shang-hua , Cai Hong-da , Chen Shi , Wang Yao-dong
Published: April 2020

Background: Pancreatic cancer has many pathologic types, among which pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common one. Bioinformatics has become a very common tool for the selection of potentially pathogenic genes.Methods: Three data sets containing the gene expression profiles of PDAC were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The limma package of R language was utilized to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To analyze functions and signaling pathways, the Database Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used. To visualize the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of the DEGs ,Cytoscape was performed under the utilization of Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). With the usage of the plug-in cytoHubba in cytoscape software, the hub genes were found out. To verify the expression levels of hub genes, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was performed. Last but not least, UALCAN analysis online tool was implemented to analyze the overall survival.Results: The 376 DEGs were highly enriched in biological processes including signal transduction, apoptotic process and several pathways, mainly associated with Protein digestion and absorption and Pancreatic secretion pathway. The expression levels of nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) and SHC binding and spindle associated 1 (SHCBP1) were discovered highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. NUSAP1 and SHCBP1 had a high correlation with prognosis.Conclusions: The findings of this bioinformatics analysis indicate that NUSAP1 and SHCBP1 may be key factors in the prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Computer-assisted Ultrasound Assessment of Plaque Characteristics in Radiation-induced and Non-radiation-induced Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Yuanxi , Kwong Dora LW , Wu Vincent WC , Yip Shea-Ping , Law Helen KW , Lee Shara WY , Ying Michael
Published: April 2020

Background

Carotid atherosclerosis is common in post-radiotherapy (post-RT) patients and subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). The associated development of carotid plaques (CPs), particularly unstable plaques, is a major cause of cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, accurate detection and evaluation of CP characteristics is of essence.

This study investigated the feasibility of using a computer-assisted method to evaluate and differentiate the CP characteristics in radiation-induced and non-radiation-induced CA.

Methods

107 post-RT NPC and 110 CVRF subjects were recruited. Each participant had a carotid ultrasound examination of CPs and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). The carotid plaque characteristics were evaluated for grey-scale median (GSM) and detailed plaque texture analysis (DPTA) using specific computer software. In DPTA, five different intra-plaque components were color-coded according to different grey scale ranges. Multivariate regression model was used to evaluate the correlation of risk factors and carotid plaque characteristics.

Results

Post-RT NPC patients have significantly higher CIMT (748±15.1µm, p=0.001), more incidence of plaque formation (80.4%, p<0.001) and larger number of plaques (2.3±0.2, p<0.001) than CVRF subjects (680.4±10.0µm, 38.2% and 0.5±0.1 respectively). Among the five intra-plaque components, radiation-induced carotid plaques had significantly larger area of calcification (4.8 ±7.7%, p=0.012), but lesser area of lipid (42.1%±16.9%, p=0.034) when compared to non-radiation-induced CPs (3.0%±5.7% and 46.3%±17.9% respectively). Age, radiation and number of CVRF were significantly associated with the CA burden (p<0.001). Besides, age was significantly associated with the amount of lipid and calcification within CPs (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Compared to CVRF subjects, post-RT NPC patients were more susceptible to carotid plaque formation with less lipid content. Considering both CA burden and plaque component, both post-RT NPC patients and individuals with CVRF have a high risk of cerebrovascular diseases.
Spatial analysis of hypospadias cases in northern France: Taking clinical data into account.
Authors: PREVOST Arthur LAURIOT DIT , GENIN Michael , OCCELLI Florent , PRISO René-Hilaire , BESSON Remi , LANIER Caroline , SHARMA Dyuti
Published: April 2020

Background

Strong evidence for a causal role of environmental factors in a congenital anomaly is still difficult to produce. The collection of statistical data is crucial for gaining a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of these anomalies. We aimed to evaluate spatial variations in hypospadias in our region, taking into account of clinical data, and evaluate association to socio-economic and ecological data.

Methods

All boys with hypospadias born in northern France and seen in Lille University Medical Center (Lille, France) between 1999 and 2012 were included in the analysis. We retrospectively collected geographic data, clinical data (especially known confounding factors associated with an elevated risk of hypospadias), and demographic, socio-economic and ecological data. We analyzed the whole study population and then the subset of boys lacking confounding factors.

Results

The study sample of 975 cases of hypospadias was characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity (p<0.005) and autocorrelation (p<0.001). We detected two high-incidence clusters that differed with regard to their land use. After the exclusion of 221 patients with confounding factors, two high-incidence clusters with significant disease risks (1.65 and 1.75, respectively; p<0.001) and a significant difference in land use (p<0.001) again appeared. The first cluster contained a higher median [interquartile range] proportion of artificialized land (0.40 [0.22;0.47]) than the remaining “neutral areas” (0.19 [0.08;0.53]) did (p<0.001). Conversely, the second cluster contained a higher median proportion of rural land (0.90 [0.78;0.96]) than the “neutral areas” (0.81 [0.47;0.92]) did (p<0.001). The median deprivation index was significantly lower in the urban cluster (0.47 [0.42;0.55]) and significantly higher in the rural cluster (0.69 [0.56;0.73]) (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our results evidenced the heterogeneous spatial distribution of cases of hypospadias in northern France. We identified two clusters with different environmental and social patterns – even after the exclusion of known confounding factors.
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Inflammation-Related Dyslipidemia of Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis is Related to Disease Activity.
Authors: Armas-Rillo Laura de , Quevedo-Abeledo Juan Carlos , Vera-González Antonia de , González-Delgado Alejandra , García-Dopico José A. , Jimenez-Sosa Alejandro , Rodríguez-Lozano Carlos , González-Gay Miguel A. , Ferraz-Amaro Iván
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism through low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation and that has been linked to cardiovascular risk. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether PCSK9 levels are related to both abnormalities in the lipid profile and the development of severe atherosclerosis that often occurs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Cross-sectional study that encompassed 545 individuals; 299 patients with axSpA and 246 statin use-matched controls. PCSK9, lipoproteins serum concentrations and standard lipid profiles were analyzed in patients and controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaques were assessed in patients. A multivariable analysis, adjusted for standard cardiovascular risk factors, was performed to evaluate the influence of PCSK9 on axSpA related dyslipidemia and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.Results: Most lipid panel parameters (total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) and apoliprotein A1) were significantly lower in axSpA patients than controls. PCSK9 serum levels (beta coef. -44 [95%CI -60- -27] ng/dl, p=0.000) were also downregulated in axSpA patients after fully multivariate adjustment, including other lipid profile-related molecules modifications that the disease generates. Unadjusted higher levels of PCSK9 were associated with carotid plaque in axSpA patients (beta coef. 27 [95%CI 9-45], p=0.003). ASDAS-CRP was found to be independently and significantly related to PCSK9 (beta coef. 10 [95%CI 1-18] ng/dl, p=0.023) after analyzing fully adjusted models that took age, sex, and the rest of lipid profile molecules into account. Whereas patients taking prednisone showed higher serum levels of PCSK9 (55 [95%CI 24-8]) ng/ml, p=0.001), those under anti-TNF alpha therapies exhibited lower levels (beta coef. -26 [95%CI -43- -9], p=0.003).Conclusion: PCSK9 is downregulated in patients with axSpA. Disease activity is positive and significantly related to PSCK9. Anti-TNF-therapy yields reduction in PCSK9 serum levels.
Intratracheal administration of bone marrow c-kit+ cells offered hopes in ameliorating asthmatic pathologies via the control of miRNA-133 and -126
Authors: Rahbarghazi Reza , Keyhanmanesh Rana , Mirershadi Fatemeh , Heiran Hossain , Bagheri Hesam Saghaei , Saberianpour Shirin , Rezabakhsh Aysa , Delkhosh Aref , Bagheri Yasin , Rajabi Hadi , Ahmadi Mahdi
Published: April 2020

Background There are still challenges regarding c-kit+ cells therapeutic outcome in the clinical setting. Here, we examined of c-kit+ cells effect on the alleviation of asthma by modulating miRNAs expression.MethodsTo induce asthma, male rats were exposed to ovalbumin. Bone marrow-derived c-kit+ cells were enriched by MACS. Animals were classified into four groups (each in 6 rats). Control rats received PBS intratracheally; Ovalbumin-sensitized rats received PBS intratracheally; Ovalbumin-sensitized rats received PBS intratracheally containing 3×105 c-kit+ and c-kit- cells. Cells were stained with Dil fluorescent dye to track in vivo condition. Pathological changes were monitored in asthmatic rats after transplantation of c-kit+ and c-kit- cells. Serum levels of IL-4 and INF-γ were measured by ELISA. Transcription of miRNAs (-126 and 133) were assessed by real-time PCR analysis.ResultsPathological examination, Th1 and Th2 associated cytokines fluctuation confirmed the occurrence of asthma in rats indicated by chronic changes and prominent inflammation compared to the control group (p<0.05). Both c-kit+ and c-kit- cells were verified in pulmonary niche. Administration of c-kit positive cells had potential to changes INF-γ/IL-4 ratio and closed to the normal values compared to matched-control asthmatic rats (p<0.05). We also found that c-kit+ cells regulated the expression of miRNA-126 and -133, indicated by increase of miRNA-133 and decrease of miRNA-126 compared to cell-free sensitized groups (p<0.05). c-kit- cells were unable to promote any therapeutic outcomes in asthmatic milieu.ConclusionsIn overall, c-kit+ cells had potential to diminish asthma-related pathologies presumably by controlling the transcription of miRNA-126 and -133.
A non-abelian analogue of DBI from $T \overline{T}$
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel , Ferko Christian , Sethi Savdeep
Published: April 2020

The Dirac action describes the physics of the Nambu-Goldstone scalars
found on branes. The Born-Infeld action defines a non-linear theory of
electrodynamics. The combined Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action describes
the leading interactions supported on a single D-brane in string theory.
We define a non-abelian analogue of DBI using the
T\bar{T}TT‾
deformation in two dimensions. The resulting quantum theory is
compatible with maximal supersymmetry and such theories are quite
rare.
Воздействие наноразмерных анионов кремний-молибденовой кислоты на плазматическую мембрану фибробластов эмбриона человека
Authors: Ковалевский С. А. , Гулин А. А. , Лопатина О. А. , Васин А. А. , Мезенцева М. В. , Балашов Е. М. , Кулемин Д. А. , Кулак А. И. , Далидчик Ф. И.
Published: April 2020

Методом времяпролетной масс-спектрометрии вторичных ионов (ToF-SIMS) исследованы изменения состава плазматических мембран (ПМ) фибробластов эмбриона человека под воздействием наноразмерных анионов кремний-молибденовой кислоты (КМК). Измерены и интерпретированы зависимости масс-спектров основных липидов ПМ от концентрации КМК, коррелирующие с их послойными распределениями и со сродством холестерина к фосфолипидам. Обнаружен новый для биохимии клетки эффект – значительное снижение относительного содержания в ПМ холестерина и сфингомиелина под воздействием многозарядных анионов гетерополикислоты (ГПК). Для водных растворов КМК при концентрации С ~ 10мкМ/л и периода воздействия 48 ч обнаружено, что количество холестерина в ПМ снижается в 2–2.5 раза, при этом количество сфингомиелина уменьшается на 20–25%. Предложен новый механизм начального воздействия ГПК на плазматические мембраны, сводящийся к селективному травлению многозарядными анионами. Согласно предлагаемому механизму на первом этапе взаимодействия аниона полиоксометаллата с клеткой осуществляется экстракция из ПМ холестерина и сфингомиелина – основных регуляторов проницаемости и микровязкости ПМ. Как следствие возросшей проницаемости ПМ в клетках возможно ускорение жизненно важных трансмембранных и латеральных процессов.
Кристаллографические особенности структуры литых и закаленных сплавов кобальт--ниобий
Authors: Хлебникова Ю.В. , Егорова Л.Ю. , Суаридзе Т.Р. , Акшенцев Ю.Н.
Published: April 2020

By the means of metallography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and EBSD-analysis, the features of the structure formation upon β→α (fcc-hcp) - polymorphic transformation in Co - Nb binary alloys were studied. It was shown that upon gradual cooling of the crystallized ingot, in each β-grain of the alloy nucleation of the α-phase crystals of several orientations out of 4 possible in accordance with the Wasserman’s orientational relations occurs. The formation of any of the 4 possible orientations of the α-phase is equally probable. At room temperature, only α (hcp)-martensite was found in the structure of the studied alloys. The misorientation of the substructure in the martensitic crystals length-wise in cast alloys does not exceed 1 deg.
After the homogenization and the subsequent quenching in salted water, the structure of Co-Nb alloys does not undergo neither morphological, nor crystallographic changes, but becomes noticeably more fine-grained. In this case, the misorientation of the substructure elements of the martensitic crystals length-wise increases several times, consequent to the high level of quenching microstresses in martensite. No phases with multilayer lattices such as NR martensite were found.
TREPONEMA DENTICOLA AND PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS AS BIOINDICATOR ORAL HYGIENE STATUS AND ORGANOLEPTIC SCORE IN MOUTH BREATHING CHILDREN
Authors: ALJOGJA SYAHFINA FARAHMIDA , DJAIS ARIADNA ADISATTYA , THEODOREA CITRA FRAGRANTIA
Published: April 2020

Objective: Mouth breathing is a bad habit that has several impacts on dentocraniofacial growth and development in children. It also related to anotheroral cavity condition, such as poor oral hygiene and halitosis. Halitosis is caused by an anaerobic bacteria product such as Treponema denticola andPorphyromonas gingivalis. These bacteria are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that play a significant role to halitosis occurrence. The objective of thisstudy is to determine the prevalence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis as bioindicator in mouth breathing children.Methods: A total number of 60 subjects had a mouth breathing test (19 subjects diagnosed as mouth breathers and 41 subjects as nose breathers).Then, the subjects were classified into halitosis and oral hygiene status category. Identification of T. denticola and P. gingivalis in supragingival plaqueand buccal mucosa subjects was used a conventional polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The correlation between Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and organoleptic score in mouth breathers has positive correlation (r=0.001), inthe contrary, in nose breathers, it has negative correlation (r=−0.046). Meanwhile, the prevalence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis in mouth and nosebreathers has no significant differences. Moreover, the significance value of prevalence T. denticola and P. gingivalis based on clinical parametershalitosis and oral hygiene status has no differences.Conclusion: The prevalence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis cannot be used as bioindicator in mouth breathers.
ACESSO E PERMANÊNCIA DOS ALUNOS POBRES NOS CURSOS MAIS SELETIVOS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ACRE-UFAC, CAMPUS FLORESTA
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Martins de , Damasceno Ednaceli Abreu
Published: April 2020

Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar o acesso e a permanência de estudantes pobres nos cursos mais seletivos da Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, bem como as estratégias adotadas por eles e pelos seus familiares. Para a realização deste estudo, foram adotados procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos, com uso de questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. Dessa maneira, constatou-se que o acesso e a permanência dos estudantes pobres no ensino superior deve-se a força do atributo familiar, bem como do ambiente doméstico educógeno, que estimula a escolaridade dos filhos na universidade pública.Palavras-chave: Acesso e permanência; Ensino Superior; alunos pobres.
HIV/AIDS, ‘TRIPS plus’ and ‘Knowledge Ecology:’ Unpacking the Semantics of Transnational Intellectual Property ‘Harmonisation’
Authors: Upton Mike
Published: April 2020

This article considers the semantics employed by various actors in the negotiation and contestation of processes associated with the transnational ‘harmonisation’ of intellectual property law, particularly as these processes impact on access to medicines for HIV/AIDS treatment. I draw on fieldwork conducted with several international organisations concerned with intellectual property in Geneva, Switzerland, to consider the ways in which a diverse set of actors discursively re-signify the practices of pharmaceutical companies that are perceived to limit access to medicines. While this semantics engages with dominant intellectual property concepts, I argue that it simultaneously presages the construction of alternative paradigms. Thus practices and concepts that may initially appear to embrace, or participate in, neoliberal processes, on closer inspection can also turn out to be sites of problematisation.