bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN FISKAL DAERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI PAPUA
Authors: Ricardo Parera Jemy
Published: December 2022

Untuk mengetahui berapa besar belanja langsung dan belanja tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kemiskinan melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi, Untuk mengetahui berapabesar belanja langsung dan belanja tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap tingkat IPM melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi, Untuk mengetahui berapa besar belanja langsung dan belanja tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap gini ratio melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi. Untuk memenuhi tujuan penelitian serta menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan maka analisis yang digunakan adalah path analysis untuk memudahkan dalam pengolahan data maka sebagai analisis yang digunakan dalam mengolah data tersebut adalah Program Amos Versi 22. Hasil Penelitian Menunjukan Bahwa : Hubungan langsung antara variebel belanja langsung terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi menunjukkan korelasi positif namun tidak signifikan, Variabel belanja langsung berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan, baik secara langsung maupun melalui variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa belanja langsung pemerintah provinsi papua mempunya efek tidak langsung terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di daerah ini, Variabel belanja langsung mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan kinerja IPM, baik secara langsung maupun melalui variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi. Artinya, Korelasi antara belanja langsung terhadap ketimpangan regional menunjukkan hubungan positif, baik secara langsung maupun melalui variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi., Variabel belanja tidak langsung memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di provinsi papua., Korelasi antara belanja tidak langsung terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di provinsi papua menunjukkan hubungan negative, baik secara langsung maupun melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi., Variabel belanja tidak langsung berkorelasi negatif terhadap kinerja IPM, baik secara langsung maupun melalui variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi., Selanjutnya, variabel belanja tidak langsung memiliki korelasi positif terhadap ketimpangan regional di daerah ini, baik secara langsung maupun melalui variabel intervening pertumbuhan ekonomi.
Adolescent sexual risk behaviors and participation in structured leisure activities (SLA): Role of socio-demographic characteristics and school-related behaviors
Authors:   Laboratory for Prevention Research (PrevLab), Department of Behavioural Disorders,Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, Borongajska cesta 83f, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia., Belošević Matea
Published: December 2022

Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood during which many physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes take place, characterized by an increasing interest in romantic and sexual relationships. During adolescence, young people enter into their first sexual partnerships. This may involve behaviors referred to as sexual risk behaviors. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors and to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics and school-related behaviors contribute to sexual risk behaviors among adolescents, independent of participation in SLA. The study was conducted from April to June 2021 in Croatia. The sample consisted only of students who reported having had sexual intercourse (N=702; 28.6%). Participants were between 14 and 21 years (46.3% female). Logistic analyses were conducted. The results of this study showed that socio-demographic characteristics make only a limited contribution to the sexual risk behaviors studied. However, it is evident that school-related behaviors are associated with sexual risk behaviors among adolescents, with slight differences depending on their participation in SLA. That is, better grades are a protective factor for sexual risk behavior for both those who do not participate in SLA and those who do, while intentionally skipping school is a risk factor for sexual risk behavior only for those who do participate in SLA. Even though the results show that some school-related behaviors are predictors of sexual risk behavior, it is not enough to implement preventive interventions only in school or leisure settings. It is important to intervene in all areas that influence adolescent development, because a comprehensive preventive approach that addresses all areas can have a greater impact on adolescent development. Therefore, it is necessary to plan comprehensive, evidence-based interventions targeting individuals and their environments, including SLA, to prevent sexual risk behaviors among adolescents.
COVID-19 vaccines-related adverse events and associated factors reported among adult Egyptians
Authors:   Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt, Ghazawy Eman R. , Ewis Ashraf A. ,   Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,   Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences –AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah province, Saudi Arabia., Khalil Doaa M. ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt., Alkilany Shaza F. ,   Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt., Nafady Shaymaa ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt., Ewis Hana ,   Undergraduate student, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt., Mohammed Momen Z. ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt., Abdelrehim Marwa G. ,   Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 vaccine recipients are more likely to experience post-vaccination adverse events, which are considered the source of concerns about vaccine safety. This study aims to describe the utilization of COVID-19 vaccines and the associated adverse events and their possible predictors among adult Egyptians. An online cross-sectional study was designed to collect data through a Google Form questionnaire in November 2021. Adults who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were asked to report their experience with vaccination and associated adverse events. A total of 853 participants were included in the study after receiving Sinopharm/Sinovac (63%), AstraZeneca (27%), Pfizer-BioNTech (4.8%), and other vaccines (5.2%). Around 50% of participants thought that COVID-19 vaccines were safe, 30.8% advised others with vaccination, and 68.3% reported post-vaccination adverse events. The most commonly encountered adverse symptoms were injection site pain (82.5%), fatigue (67.4%), flu-like symptoms (59.6%), and bone and muscle pains (59.6%). Most adverse events were less likely reported by Sinopharm/Sinovac recipients than recipients of other vaccines. The significant predictors for reporting adverse events were female gender, the first dose of vaccination, and vaccine type (AstraZeneca versus Sinopharm/Sinovac) with multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) = 1.85 (1.34-2.54); 2.01 (1.24–3.25), and 3.86 (2.54–5.86). Findings revealed that adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines are common. Sinopharm/Sinovac recipients were reported to have lesser adverse events than other recipients. However, serious reactions were rare which ensures the safety of all vaccine types among the adult Egyptian population.
Conflict, Governance and Organized Crime: Complex Challenges for UN Stabilization Operations
Authors: Caparini Marina
Published: December 2022

This SIPRI Report examines how organized crime is intertwined with armed conflict and hybrid governance systems in three states that currently host United Nations stabilization missions. It surveys the conflict/crime/governance nexus in the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Mali, and how UN stabilization missions, in particular the UN Police, have engaged with the challenge of organized crime. The report argues that improving how UN stabilization interventions engage with organized crime will require a frank assessment of the significance of organized crime in systems of governance and patronage, of its role as a driver and enabler of armed conflict by non-state armed groups, and of the involvement of state-embedded actors in illicit markets. The complex links between conflict and governance actors and organized crime in the settings examined raise fundamental questions about the assumptions underlying peace operations. The report concludes with a set of recommendations on how to move to more realistic analyses and bases for peace operations.
3n+1问题正奇数的上界与下界 ——对3n+1猜想的思考
Authors: 梁 纯红
Published: December 2022

本文将正奇数2k-1表示为： 4k-1+(6k-1)(0+2+…+22m-1…) 0.1 8k+1+2(6k+1)(0+2+…+22m-1…) 0.2 依据3n+1问题的运算规则，运算后得出3n+1问题正奇数的上界为6k-3，下界为1。
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Investigations, Thermal Analysis And DFT Calculations Of Some Pentacarbonyl(Mercaptopyrimidine)Metal(0) Complexes Of Group VI B Elements
Authors: ÜNLÜ Özlem , MORKAN İzzet Amour
Published: December 2022

Pentacarbonyl-N-mercaptopyrimidinemetal(0) complexes of VIB metals (M: Cr, Mo, W) were formed when hexacarbonylmetal(0) complexes are treated photochemically with 4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine at 10 ºC. The reported organometallic complexes were purified and isolated under an inert atmosphere. All M(CO)5L complexes were characterized in solution by FTIR-, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. The FTIR spectroscopy results showed three absorption bands in the carbonyl region which indicates that the pentacarbonyl metal unit of the complexes has a local C4v symmetry. The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopies showed that the mercaptopyrimidine ligand bonded to the metal complex through the mercaptopyrimidine-nitrogen atom symmetrically. The 13C-NMR spectroscopy results also showed a 1:4 ratio of two peaks in the CO-region, the ratio of the peaks proved the C4v symmetry of these complexes. The thermal behavior of these organometallic complexes is investigated by using DTA/TGA methods. The results of thermal analyses showed that the complexes decomposed at three different temperatures. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were computed in B3PW91 formalism by Gaussian03W Software. The comparison of the experimental data with the theoretical values showed that the results obtained are compatible with each other. Thus, the accuracy of the experimentally given structural proposal of the obtained organometallic complex compounds was also confirmed through theoretical calculations.
Sosyal Medyada Benlik Sunumu ve Mahremiyet Kavramı ile İlişkisi: Nicel Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇAKIR Pervin , TEMİR Erkam
Published: December 2022

İnsanlığın var oluşundan bu yana ihtiyaç duyduğu iletişim, günümüzde sıklıkla dijital ortamlarda da gerçekleşmektedir. Yeni teknolojiler ve gelişen sosyal medya uygulamaları, artık gündelik yaşamın bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla gündelik hayatta gerçekleştirilen benlik sunumları, artık yeni medya ortamında da sergilenmektedir. Bu noktada sosyal medya platformlarında sergilenen performanslar, bu performansları sergileyenlerin ve diğer kullanıcıların mahremiyetlerini ihlâl edebilmektedir. Böylelikle, çalışmada mahremiyet ve benlik sunumu kavramları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi için yaşları 18-34 aralığında olan üniversite öğrencileriyle anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara iki farklı ölçeğin uygulandığı araştırmada mahremiyetin ifşası, gözetimin farkındalığı, mahremiyetin ihlâlinin farkındalığı ve örnek davranışlar sergileme değişkeni ölçümlenmiştir.
Yeni Medya Dolayımlı Uçucu Sinematik İmge
Authors: KINA Sezer Ahmet
Published: December 2022

Sosyal paylaşım ağları, konvansiyonel medya işlevlerini üstlenmesinin yanı sıra hareketli görüntü içeriklerinin dolaşıma girdiği bir kamusallık yaratmıştır. Anılan kamusallık sinemanın ontolojik olarak tarihsel süreç içerisindeki evrimiyle kesişen bir nitelik taşımakta ve dijital sinemayı aşan bir sinematik imge kavrayışını gerekli kılmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışmada sinematik imgenin yeni medya ortamlarındaki seyri, süreli gönderi paylaşımı özelinde tartışılmakta ve biçimsel çözümleme tekniği benimsenmektedir. Yeni medya ortamlarından biri olan sosyal paylaşım ağlarının araştırma evreni seçildiği çalışmada, güdümlü olarak Instagram örneklem belirlenmiştir. Ağ bünyesindeki Hikâye uygulaması çözümleme birimi olarak seçilmiştir. Buna göre yeni medya ortamlarında dolaşıma sokulan görsel işitsel metinler olarak Hikâyelerin sinematik niteliği sorgulanmış ve yeni medya dolayımlı sinematik imge tamlaması, anılan imgenin kalıcı olmayan ve kaybolan niteliği üzerinden tanımlanmıştır. Bu niteliğin sinematik imgenin yeni medya dolayımında edindiği yeni bir ontolojik özellik olduğu savunulmuştur. “Uçuculuk” olarak tanımlanan bu özelliğin sinema ile yeni medya etkileşiminden doğduğu tartışılmıştır. Böylece yeni medya ve sinematik imge bağlamlı tartışmaların genel uğrakları ortaya konulmuş ve bu tartışmaların sosyal teoriden beslendiği düşünsel izleklere başvurulmuştur. Sonuç olarak yeni medya dolayımlı sinematik imgenin, zaman referanslı uçucu özelliğinin geleceğe dönük vaat ve endişelere yansıması değerlendirilmiştir.
Kullanımlar ve Doyumlar Yaklaşımı Bazlı Olarak Kullanıcı Yorumları Üzerinden YouTube’un Çıplaklık ve Cinsel İçerik Politikasına Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇEÇEN Fulya , ÇEÇEN Ahmet Faruk
Published: December 2022

YouTube’un niceliği teşvik eden yapısı zamanla platfomu ciddi anlamda dönüştürmüştür. Gelir elde etmek veya gelirlerini artırmak isteyen içerik üreticileri daha fazla tık alan, daha uzun süreler izlenen ve daha fazla yorum alan videolar üretme eğilimindedirler. Ekonomik motivasyonla üretilen videoların YouTube politikaları ile örtüşüp örtüşmediği tartışmalı bir hale gelmiştir. YouTube’un Çıplaklık ve Cinsel İçerik Politikası’nda (YouTube3, 2021) cinsel tatmin amaçlı içeriklere izin verilmemektedir. Eş deyişle çocukların da rahatça giriş sağlayabildiği ana akım bir platform olarak YouTube kendini cinsel tatmin sağlayıcı bir şekilde konumlandıramaz. Bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturan bu husus üzerine yapılan literature taramasında YouTube’un çıplaklık ve cinsel içerik ile ilgili politikasına uyup uymadığına dair bir çalışma bulunamamıştır. YouTube üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda, motivasyonlar hep kullanıcılara sorularak tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya göre cinsel tatmin amacı gibi bir hususun hem kullanıcılara sorularak elde edilmesi zor olduğu gibi literatürdeki pek çok araştırma hali hazırdaki anket formlarında yapılandırılmış motivasyonları katılımcılara sunarak farklı motivasyonların ortaya çıkma ihtimalini de ortadan kaldırmıştır. Çalışmaya göre bir YouTube videosundaki yorumların analizi o videonun hangi motivasyonlarla izlendiğine dair daha somut verilerle ortaya koyabilir. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı kullanıcıların YouTube’un politikalarına uygun olmayan kullanım motivasyonları taşıyıp taşımadıklarını tespit etmektir. Çalışmada örneklem olarak seçilen NakedbakersTV isimli kanal özelinde Maxqda programı vasıtasıyla veriler elde edilmiş, bu veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve bulgular yorumlanmıştır. İnceleme sonucunda YouTube’da yer alan çıplaklığın izleyiciler tarafından eğitim alma ve bilgi edinme sınırlarını aşarak cinsel amaçlarla kullanıldığı, dolayısıyla bu videoların dolaşımına izin veren YouTube’un kendi politikasıyla bağdaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
PERNIKAHAN DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Malisi Ali Sibra
Published: December 2022

Pernikahan adalah salah unsur pokok dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang sempurna. Pernikahan adalah ikatan batin antara seorang pria dan wanita sebagai suami istri. Pernikahan merupukan pintu gerbang kehidupan berkeluarga yang mempunyai pengaruh terhadap keturunan dan kehidupan masyrakat. Keluarga yang kokoh dan baik menjadi syarat penting bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat dan kebahagiaan umat manusia pada umumnya. Sesungguhnya Islam telah memberikan tuntunan kepada pemeluknya yang akan memasuki jenjang pernikahan, lengkap dengan tata cara atau aturan-aturannya. Agama mengajarkan bahwa pernikahan adalah sesuatu yang suci, baik, dan mulia. Pernikahan menjadi dinding kuat yang memelihara manusia dari kemungkinan jatuh ke lembah dosa yang disebabkan oleh nafsu birahi yang tak terkendalikan. Islam sangat menganjurkan pernikahan yaitu pernikahan yang memenuhi syarat dan rukun sehingga menjadi salah satu ibadah umat manusia kepada Allah
PKK Terör Örgütünün Değişimi ve Dönüşümünün Bölgesel Güvenliğe Etkileri: Suriye Örneği
Authors: TOPCU Mert Can
Published: December 2022

PKK terör örgütü, kurulduğu 1978 yılından bu yana büyük bir değişim ve dönüşüm geçirmiş, bir çete hüviyetinden neredeyse bir ülkenin düzenli ordusu kadar güçlenmiş ve en nihayetinde Suriye’nin kuzeyinde fiili bir otonomi elde ederek uluslararası arenada muhatap alınan devlet-dışı aktör konumuna yükselmiştir. PKK’nın geçirdiği bu dönüşüm, bölgesel güvenliği derinden etkilemekte ve bölücülük ekseninde ulus-devlete yönelik en büyük tehdidi oluşturmaktadır. Suriye İç Savaşı’nın başladığı 2011’den itibaren bölgedeki güç boşluğunu kendi lehine kullanarak, uluslararası aktörlerin de desteğiyle büyük bir alan hakimiyeti sağlayan PKK, bir Kürt devleti kurma gayesiyle Suriye’de yürüttüğü faaliyetlerini günbegün artırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla PKK’nın değişimi ve dönüşümünün bölgesel güvenliğe yönelik etkileri hassaten Suriye nezdinde incelenmesi gereken bir konudur. Bu minvalde çalışmada; PKK’nın kuruluşundan bu yana geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşüm ele alınacak ve bahsi geçen gelişmenin altındaki sebeplere odaklanılacaktır. Son olarak PKK’nın bu değişimi ve dönüşümünün bölgesel güvenliğe yönelik etkileri Suriye nezdinde tartışılacaktır.
The Nguyen Dynasty with the Aesthetic Value of Bronze Relics in Hue
Authors: Chung Phan Le , Le Nguyen Thi Hien , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to analyze the nguyen dynasty with the aesthetic value of bronze relics in hue. The method using observations, experience, synthesis analysis, historical and dialectical methods and draws some educational lessons for students. This study shows that Copper material is also one of the materials used a lot in objects with religious elements such as bronze bells, bronze bells, etc. Last but not elast, the aesthetic value of decorative art on bronze in Hue is also the combination of basic elements and the fusion of cultural factors.
Brief review on carbon derivatives based ternary metal oxide composite electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Pavitra Veerabhadrachar , Soni Isha , Praveen Beekanahalli Mokshanatha , Nagaraju Ganganagappa
Published: December 2022

Revolutionized lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have taken a very important role in our day today life by powering all sorts of electric devices. The selection of electrode materials is very im­portant, which impacts the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Advancements in the elec­trode materials and synthesis procedure greatly influence the electroc­he­mical performance. This review discusses the carbon derivatives based ternary composite as electrode mate­rials. A detailed explanation of the ternary electrode materials synthesis and spectroscopic, microscopic and electrochemical analysis of LIBs has been carried out in this study. Ternary composites are composed of highly conducting carbon derivatives, which are incorporated with SnO2/ZnO/MoO3/SiOx and additionally any one metal oxide. Carbon derivatives-based ternary metal oxide com­posites can exhibit enhanced electro­chemical results based on their heterostructures. The availability of more active sites contributes the reversible topotactic reactions during the charging-discharging process due to the porosity and other unique structures of different dimensions of the electrode materials. Concepts and strategies can extend the focus on developing the ternary metal oxides for high-performance LIBs.
UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE AS NARRATIVAS E MEMÓRIAS INDÍGENAS A PARTIR DO ARQUIVO PESSOAL DE SÍLVIO COELHO DOS SANTOS
Authors: da Silva Thayse Jacques
Published: December 2022

Este ensaio busca refletir a experiência de trabalho como bolsista de iniciação cientifica no arquivo pessoal do etnólogo catarinense Sílvio Coelho dos Santos no período compreendido entre os anos de 2011 e 2014. Ele traz uma reflexão acerca dos possíveis desdobramentos de pesquisa em arquivos pessoais e institucionais, neste caso específico no arquivo pessoal de Silvio Coelho dos Santos. Baseada na proposta de Cunha&Heymann (2006) que trata os conhecimentos que compõem os arquivos como um sistema de enunciados, verdades parciais, interpretações históricas e culturalmente constituídas – sujeitas à leitura e novas interpretações, busco trazer uma reflexao acerca dos novos olhares, usos e leituras e redes criadas a partir do arquivo atraves do movimento de retorno dos indigenas a Universidade como estudantes. Com o movimento de retorno outros significados são atribuídas ao arquivo. A partir daí, interessa-me propor uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades suscitadas por esse movimento.
GEOMETRIA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE A CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS FORMAS GEOMÉTRICAS
Authors: Oliveira Camila Rezende , De Menezes Douglas Carvalho
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo apresenta algumas reflexões acerca do uso da Geometria nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e como este pode ser trabalhado na série de ensino mencionada. Nesse sentido, a metodologia empregada tem como base uma pesquisa bibliográfica na área e posteriormente a aplicação de atividades referentes ao assunto em uma sala de segundo ano. Diante desse quadro, deve-se ter clareza de que o trabalho com a Matemática deve ser norteado por práticas pedagógicas que favorecem de maneira clara a aprendizagem dos estudantes sobretudo no Ensino Fundamental pois estes estão inseridos na Educação Básica onde necessita-se de um cuidado ainda mais redobrado tanto da família quanto da escola.
Comparison of The Two Different Patella Fracture Fixation Technique: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Demirtas Yunus , Emet Abdulsamet
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Fractures of patella account for 1% of bone fractures and this type of injuries can lead to severe knee funciton restrictions due to its role in extansor mechanism. The most common type of fracture pattern is transverse or comminute. According to the guidelines, the most often used surgical techniques are modified tension band wiring and circumferential cercle wiring. However there is no clear information about the configuration of cerclage wiring in the tension band technique. For this purpose, a transverse fracture line was created in the patella finite element model and biomechanical comparison was made in both figure of eight and zero configurations

Material and Method: A transverse fracture line was created in patella and the k-wires were directed proximally at 90 degrees in coronal plane, perpendicular to the fracture line. A cerclage wire was wound on each finite element model in figure of zero (reference 1 model) and figure of eight (reference 2 model)  configurations. These models were compared with each other in finite element model, with the knee at a 45 degree flexion angle and applying 200 Nm, 400 Nm and 800 Nm of force.

Results: When the opening amounts of reference 1 and 2 models were evaluated under 200 Nm, 400 Nm, and 800 Nm loads, it was found that there were 14%, 8%, 13% less openings in the reference 1 model, respectively. When the amount of pressure in the fracture line was evaluated under the same loads, the average pressure was 10%, 15% and 12% higher in the reference 1 model compared to the reference 2 model, respectively.

Conclusion: When the determined parameters were evaluated, although the amount of opening at the fracture line was better in the reference 1 model, there was no significant difference between the parameters in both models. Both fixation types allow early motion in clinical applications and help the prevention of displacement of the fracture.
Economic Impact of Culinary Tourism Center Management
Authors: Abriani Andi
Published: December 2022

There are inconsistencies in the purchase and selling of tourist items that have not been formally organized by the government. However, tourist objects have an effect on the community by allowing them to increase their income via small enterprises. Using qualitative descriptive research and a phenomenological research technique, this study tries to investigate the process of developing a tourist attraction and the socioeconomic effect of the Wajo Regency tourist attraction. Using three methods to collect data for this study: observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings demonstrated that the presence of the Wajo Regency tourist attraction might allow a small company to turn a new page in terms of raising their daily revenue. The community members who are actively engaged in the creation of the Wajo Regency tourist attraction have a social influence on the surrounding community's attitude towards the environment. Tourism in the Wajo Regency may have both beneficial and bad effects on the local people.
Limitation Clauses at the African Regional Human Rights System and Tanzania: Reflection of Judicial Decisions
Authors:   University pf Dar es Salaam School of Law, Jesse James
Published: December 2022

Enjoyment of fundamental human rights as guaranteed by the African Charter or Constitution of Tanzania is subject to limitations which are set out by the ordinary law made by parliament. However, case law has demonstrated that no provision of the limitation clause in the African Charter or Constitution may be interpreted as permitting a State to suppress enjoyment or exercise of the rights and freedoms to a greater extent than reasonably required. Which tests or criteria should guide the court or other authorities depends on the instrument in question. Both the African Charter and the Constitution of Tanzania do not have clearer guiding criteria. Courts have attempted, nevertheless, to come up with criteria or tests by borrowing from international, other regional and domestic human rights systems. This article reviews case law from the African Court and Tanzania and finally proposes the adoption of the three-tier test in resolving tension when at issue before the Court is whether or not a legislation or conduct is saved by Article 30(2) of the Constitution which allows limitation of human rights. The benefit of adopting this approach would enable domestic courts to be consistent when deciding human rights petitions. Key Words: Limitation Clauses, Claw-back clauses, proportionality principle, necessary in a democratic society.
Non-Pharmaceutical Management of Covid-19 Pandemic: The Effect on Access to University Education In Nigeria
Authors:   Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria, Olayinka Olaniyi Felix
Published: December 2022

When Science was yet to find a cure for the COVID - 19 pandemic, one of the non-pharmaceutical measures adopted was avoidance of mass gathering and where desirable social and physical distancing. The UNESCO directed that schools should be closed and as such recommended the deployment of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) and the internet to run e-learning education. COVID - 19 pandemic and the e-learning expose the inadequate infrastructure in Africa, in terms of electricity and the internet, which existed pre-COVID-19 and which development does not adequately support e-learning. The wide disparity in socio-economic positions in countries of Africa, in part explains the un-equal access of individuals to the ICT and to the internet which affect the success of e-learning. The paper as such recommends that states should take measures to eliminate discrimination, exclusion and general in-equality in access to the ICT and to education generally. Key terms: COVID-19 Pandemics; Management; State of Infrastructure; Governments’ Obligation; Access to Education
Legal and Institutional Challenges on Mediation of Labour Disputes in Tanzania
Authors: Nkobogo January J.
Published: December 2022

Mediation as a basic method of labour dispute resolution in Tanzania is mainly done by the Commission for Mediation and Arbitration (CMA). This article examines both legal and institutional challenges in mediation at the CMA. These include non-attendance of mediation hearing and its consequences, determination of application and objections, role of personal representatives and uncertainty on medarb. Institutionally, there are inadequate offices and mediators, a lack of skills and professionalism, and a heavy workload in some areas. It also notes some challenges from its stakeholders like the parties, advocates, and trade unions. The article points out that these challenges inhibit the performance of the CMA and the process in general. It calls upon the amendment of some rules and the need for CMA to solicit more resources and assistance from the government and other stakeholders. Key Words: Dispute Resolution, Labour Dispute, Challenges, Mediation, Tanzania
Regulation of Patents in Mainland Tanzania: Policy, Legal and Institutional Challenges
Authors:   Catholic University College Mbeya, Nditi Donatus N.N.
Published: December 2022

This article explores the policy, legal and institutional challenges facing regulation of patents in Mainland Tanzania. It addresses the problem of delay in reviewing the Act for a very long time which defeats the fact that the patent law needs constant review if it is to keep up with the ever changing nature of patents. It analyzes the policy, legal and institutional frameworks pointing out the challenges and prospects. The challenges addressed are: One, lack of a comprehensive policy that addresses intellectual property generally and patents specifically. Two, the Act is largely compliant with TRIPs though it needs some reforms. Three, there are serious challenges facing the administrative and enforcement organs in terms of, inter alia, limited infrastructural and expertise base. It recommends that a comprehensive intellectual property policy be put in place, the Patents Act be repealed and be replaced with one industrial property law. There should also be established an autonomous industrial property office. Key words: Patent, Invention, Intellectual Property, Industrial Property, Law, Policy, Tanzania.
Annual General Meetings in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Law and Practice in Tanzania
Authors:   Managing Director SGA - Tanzania, Sambu Eric Kibet
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 is a pandemic that is currently ravaging the world, with unprecedented disruptions being witnessed. Many governments have imposed restrictions on movement and several measures to contain its spread, including social and physical distancing. This has made it hard to hold conventional physical meetings. Companies are still expected to comply with the provisions of the law and company’s constitution, regarding holding company’s annual general meetings to transact business therein. This paper reviews the provisions of the Tanzania law regarding holding of such meetings and hence the practicable options amidst the pandemic. It finds that available options include postponing the accounting period and hence the date of AGM, resolutions by circulation, applying to the Registrar to alter mode of conducting AGM. This study establishes that the viable option is to hold virtual meetings and recommends that companies review articles to accommodate this. Tips on holding successful virtual meetings are given.
An Analysis of Judicial Trends in Disciplining Unqualified Legal Practice in Tanzania
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam School of Law, Kahimba Nicksoni Filbert
Published: December 2022

his article has provided a considered analysis of unqualified practice in Tanzania and the approach and the willingness of the judiciary in punishing it. Although the Court of Appeal set its binding precedent in Edson Oswald Mbogoro, it is the open-door approach to this decision which is largely responsible for the nuanced approach in the discipline of advocates in Tanzania. The ensuing the approach of the judiciary has been to either punish advocates alone, expunge the pleadings they have prepared and thus prejudicing litigants, avoid any form of punishment, or even issuing a simple warning, and sometimes assuming the misconduct never happened. This represents mixed outcomes of unwillingness and non-uniformity in enforcing disciplinary measures for unqualified practice. Instead, the judiciary has been clear in punishing innocent litigants for the mistakes of advocates. This work recommends that upholding documents unqualified persons have prepared is a good practice in upholding the constitutional rights of innocent litigants following the persuasive decision of Afriq Engineering, save in cases of their complicity. The Article hopes to inspire more debate on the subject and create awareness both to advocates and the judiciary, hoping these legal shortcomings will not repeat in the future. Keywords: Advocates Act - Advocates Committee – Judiciary - Misconduct – Offences –– Unqualified Persons – Unqualified Practice
Challenges in Harmonising Conservation Laws on Living Marine Resources within the Framework of the EAC: Case Study of Tanzania and Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Odhiambo Felix Otieno
Published: December 2022

Marine ecosystems comprise transboundary resources which occupy up to 71% of the earth’s surface. Up to 90% of the world’s living marine resources exist within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The 1982 UN LOSC confers management and conservation of the EEZ to the coastal State’s jurisdiction. It is, however, argued that since oceans are transboundary, effective conservation of their living resources requires a coordinated approach between neighbouring coastal States. Such approaches would help to avoid a situation where living marine resources of the same ecosystem are possibly conflicting conservation measures. One way through which neighbouring Coastal States can coordinate conservation measures for their living marine resources is through the process of harmonisation of laws. Harmonisation leads to the establishment of common legal structures and institutions to aid with the intended coordination. It is therefore argued that, through harmonisation, Kenya and Tanzania would enhance theirrespective conservation capacities for their living marine resources. Key Words: Harmonisation of Conservation Laws, Transboundary Living Marine Resources, Exclusive Economic Zones, Kenya and Tanzania.
A Lexical Analysis of the Verb of Perception BONA (see) in Setswana
Authors: Chebanne Andy
Published: December 2022

The verb ‘BONA’ (to see) in Setswana represents semantic entailments that are not included in the general entailments that the verb of most perceptions UTLWA (perceive – taste, hear, comprehend, smell, feel) presents. The critical question is what is the basis of the exclusion of BONA from the semantic entailments found in UTLWA? To respond to this question, it is important to examine and characterize the semantic domains of BONA. This verb demonstrates some interesting polysemism when used in different syntactic contexts. The paper will first present the verbs of perceptions in Setswana and their semantic relationships. Further, it will suggest that in the lemmatization of BONA, its varied and specialized semantic entailments that characterize it need to be presented and discussed critically to capture the cultural and linguistic richness of this verb.
Agentive Intertextual Insertions: (Re)presentation of Albinism in Nwelezelanga: The Star Child’s Subtext
Authors: Sipemba Sipemba
Published: December 2022

The relationship between African traditional healers (sangomas) and persons with albinism is contradictory. Sangomas are rumoured to fuel the narrative that body parts of persons with albinism have magical powers, and so can be harnessed and used by quick wealth-seekers. That narrative has claimed lives and agency of many albinos. There is, however, an emerging trend for sangomas to revert this narrative through media. A good example is Unathi Magubeni, a South African practicing sangoma, who has authored the novel: Nwelezelanga: The Star Child (2016), on the topic. Borrowing from critical ideas on intertextuality, disability studies and agency, this study analyses Magubeni’s subtext to ascertain its activism on albinism. The study conducts an intertextual analysis of the novel to find out how the text (de)humanises persons with albinism, and whether it resists or affirms various perceptions and stereotypes regarding albinism. It argues that intertexts in the novel ambivalently (re)signify beliefs, stereotypes, and perceptions regarding albinism and persons with the condition.
USTAVNO-PRAVNI POLOŽAJ GRADA SARAJEVA U POSTDEJTONSKOM PERIODU SA UKLONOM NA MOGUĆNOST REFORME NADLEŽNOSTI I TERITORIJALNE ORGANIZACIJE
Authors:   Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Pejanović Mirko
Published: December 2022

Grad Sarajevo se tokom pet stoljeća od petnaestog do kraja dvadesetog stoljeća, razvio u istorijsko-društvenu i urbanu cjelinu. U drugoj polovini dvadesetog stoljeća Grad Sarajevo kao glavni grad Socijalističke Republike Bosne i Hercegovine uspostavlja i razvija svoju samoupravnu autonomiju u upravljanju urbanim, ekonomskim i kulturnim razvojem. Nove domete urbanog i ekonomskog razvoja Grad Sarajevo postiže tokom realizacije projekta održavanja XIV zimskih olimpijskih igara 1984. godine. Nakon proglašenja rezultata referenduma građana o suverenom i nezavisnom statusu države Bosne i Hercegovine 1992. godine Grad Sarajevo je izložen vojnoj opsadi od 1992. do 1995. godine. Dejtonskim mirovnim sporazumom uspostavljen je mir u Bosni i Hercegovini, a Grad Sarajevo je ustavno određen kao glavni grad države Bosne i Hercegovine. Osnivanjem Kantona Sarajevo 1996. godine, imovina i nadležnost Grada Sarajeva prenesena je na Kanton Sarajevo. Amandmanom I na Ustav Kantona Sarajevo uspostavljen je Grad Sarajevo, i to bez konkretnih nadležnosti i sa redukovanom teritorijalnom organizacijom. Na temelju provedenih istraživanja, objavljenih u studiji Sarajevo grad i regija u vremenu i prostoru (Pejanović et al., 2020), u radu se izvodi cjelovita elaboracija ustavno-pravnog položaja Grada Sarajeva unutar koje se daju osnove koncepta pune nadležnosti Grada Sarajeva i njegove nove teritorijalne organizacije.
NOVA POLITIČKA VIZIJA GRADSKE AUTONOMIJE: IZAZOVI TERITORIJALNE I INSTITUCIONALNE REORGANIZACIJE GRADA SARAJEVA
Authors: Fejzić Elvis
Published: December 2022

Sve političke zajednice tokom historijskog razvoja prolaze kroz proces komplicirane transformacije, koji ima socijalne, političke i ekonomske implikacije. Kako su države – kao akteri transnacionalne politike – zahvaćene procesima permanentnog preoblikovanja, što od njih zahtijeva da se stalno repozicioniraju i prilagođavaju izmijenjenom političkom kontekstu, tako su i subnacionalne zajednice iz sfere regionalne, gradske i lokalne politike obuhvaćene tim promjenama. Spomenutu političku transformaciju moguće je detektirati i u postsocijalističkim državama, tj. na subnacionalnim nivoima vlasti u tim političkim zajednicama. U tom smislu poseban značaj se pridaje razvoju gradske autonomije i općenito gradova u uvjetima postsocijalističke tranzicije, ali i neoliberalne globalizacije. Razvoj Grada Sarajeva u postsocijalističkoj i postdejtonskoj Bosni i Hercegovini nije do kraja oslobođen od skiciranih vandržavnih političkih i ekonomskih uticaja. Ipak, njegovu sveukupnu transformaciju i politički razvoj presudno ograničava komplicirana i nedostatna unutardržavna ustavna i zakonska regulativa, koja je reducirala izvorne političke nadležnosti i gradsku autonomiju Grada Sarajeva, čime je onemogućen i zaustavljen proces funkcionalne teritorijalne i institucionalne reorganizacije. Imajući navedeno u vidu, nužno je redefinirati i izmijeniti trenutni politički status i nadležnosti Grada Sarajeva – u skladu sa normativnim funkcijama gradske autonomije – bez čega nije moguće planirati njegov dugoročni i održivi razvoj, koji bi istovremeno zadovoljio i potrebe građana te, uz to, smanjio političke napetosti između političkog centra i periferije.
REKONFIGURACIJA URBANOG SARAJEVA. OD AGONISTIČKOG PLURALIZMA PREMA DRUŠTVENOJ KOHEZIJI
Authors: Mijović Pavle
Published: December 2022

Rad naslovljen Rekonfiguracija urbanog Sarajeva. Od agonističkog pluralizma prema društvenoj koheziji artikulira se u dva međusobno povezana dijela. Prvi dio rada, na temelju saznanja iz urbane sociologije, bavi se društvenom perspektivom grada, koja se otkriva kao posebnost ljudskog udruživanja te je vezana za specifičnu formu života. Etnoteritorijalna destrukcija grada, koja je obilježila devedesete godine, redefinira sveobuhvatne ljudske odnose narušavajući izvorne urbane dinamike. Unatoč tome, gradovi nisu reducirani na monolitne konstrukcije ekskluzivnog, već ostaju “depoziti antropološkog sjećanja” te su vezani, riječima Bogdana Bogdanovića, “za bolji dio ljudskog bića”. Drugi dio rada tematizira agonistički pluralizam te pripadajuće izazove urbane i političke kohezije. Polazimo od sintagme “političko Sarajevo”, koja, uz ostale konotacije, izražava skepsu u mogućnost urbane i društveno-političke kohezije. Posljednji dio rada konfrontira dva modela, deliberativnu demokraciju i agonistički pluralizam, kao modele koji mogu potaknuti povoljne dinamike za razvoj društvene kohezije te predlažemo transformiranje i rekonfiguriranje konfliktnih dinamika u neke od oblika društvene kohezije.
LOKALNA SAMOUPRAVA V REPUBLIKI SLOVENIJI S POSEBNIM OZIROM NA POLOŽAJ GLAVNEGA MESTA
Authors: Grad Franc
Published: December 2022

Local self-government in Slovenia is comparable to local self-government in other Central European countries. The local self-government system is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It is particularly important that the Constitution guarantees local self-government in Slovenia, which cannot therefore be abolished. The legal regulation of local self-government is determined in the legislation, mainly by the Act on Local Self-Government, which systematically regulates local self-government. In addition to it, local self-government is regulated at the systemic level by the Municipal Financing Act and the Local Elections Act, as well as a series of laws that regulate individual areas of social life. The Local Self-Government Act defines the city municipality as a special type of municipality, which also includes the city of Ljubljana, which is defined by the constitution as the capital of the Republic of Slovenia. The legal status of the capital city is specifically determined in the special Act on the Capital City of Slovenia, which determines the position of Ljubljana as the capital. The law primarily determines the special tasks and duties of Ljubljana as the capital of Slov
MODEL IZBORA SKUPŠTINE GRADA, GRADONAČELNIKA I GRADSKOG VEĆA GRADA BEOGRADA U UPOREDNOJ PERSPEKTIVI
Authors: Orlović Slaviša
Published: December 2022

U ovom tekstu bavim se analizom modela izbora skupštine grada, gradonačelnika, gradskog veća i gradskih opština u Gradu Beogradu u uporednoj perspektivi. U uvodnom delu ukazujem na teorijske pretpostavke lokalne samouprave i demokratije. Zatim se osvrćem na evropska iskustva, principe i trendove kao što su supsidijarnost, decentralizacija i regionalizam. Grad Beograd situira se u okviru teritorijalne organizacije Republike Srbije. U centralnom delu rada bavim se organizacijom vlasti u Beogradu i načinom izbora. Način izbora gradskih vlasti utiče na karakter sistema lokalne samouprave. Kvalitet rada lokalne samouprave u celini birači vrednuju radom prvog čoveka lokalne zajednice. Građani u ličnosti predsednika opštine i gradonačelnika personalizuju lokalnu vlast – on je adresa kojoj se obraćaju za sve probleme koje imaju i od njega očekuju rešenja čak i kada problemi nisu u nadležnosti lokalne administracije. On nije samo prvi među jednakima nego lokalna vlast od koje građani očekuju operativnost. Iskustvo Srbije sa neposrednim izborom gradonačelnika (2004) proizvelo je negativne posledice. U dalističkom sistemu predsednici opština i gradonačelnici zavisili su od skupštinske većine u sprovođenju lokalne politike. Tamo gde su se stranački razlikovale većine u lokalnim skupštinama i predsednici opština i gradonačelnici dolazilo je do blokade rada lokalne samouprave i pokretanja postupka opoziva. Nasuprot njemu, u monističkom sistemu kakav je na snazi u Beogradu od 2008. godine, gradonačelnik i gradsko veće podređeni su predstavničkom telu lokalne zajednice i njihovo delovanje uslovljeno je voljom većine. Može se zaključiti da lokalne vlasti imaju dve “urođene prednosti” nad nacionalnim državama u upravljanju globalnim pitanjima: one imaju veći legitimitet kod onih koje zastupaju i imaju više fleksibilnosti i manevarskog prostora nego nacionalne strukture. Istovremeno, u gradovima je više nego ranije smeštena ogromna koncentracija moći i bogatstva, ali i velikih neravnopravnosti i siromaštva.
SARAJEVO ĆE BITI, SVE DRUGO ĆE PROĆI
Authors: Vuk Amir
Published: December 2022

This is theoretical work for better understanding what Sarajevo is today. Since the focus is on contemporary society, our work begins with the concept of the rhizome, which Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari used as a metaphor to explain the nature of knowledge, information, and social relation. This concept applied information age defined in works Manuel Castells. The rise of the networking society, they application in actual life in town. In this work after highlighted some od phenomena of the world today analyzing urban layers in memories of the Sarajevo, from period when Sarajevo establishing, when ottoman empire era rule in Bosnia, Austro-Hungarian period, and rule in the both Jugoslav era and finely, and finely reflex on post-Dayton position like capital town in independent state BIH, and what that happen in space. One part of our analyzing is to discover what kind of the rule was dominate in history of the town. Very important focus in this work is to clear fined definition, what is Sarajevo today, and why this city, lost your competition like town and disappear in concept the Canton Sarajevo. We are try to find reason of that position the town in organization today, and try to give some suggestion, how to find some solution for better thinking about the city region. Today is divided town, and we have to try to find solution for charismatic position in the future of the town. It will be imagination, like tools which help to find light in the end.
Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Gene Therapy Vectors
Authors: Jarrold Martin F.
Published: December 2022

Conventional mass spectrometry is limited by heterogeneity to relatively small molecular weights from a biologics perspective. Charge detection mass spectrometry—where masses of individual ions are directly measured—overcomes this limitation and allows measurements into the gigadalton (GDa) range. An important application of this emerging technology is the analysis of gene therapy vectors. Their large size and complexity present analytical challenges that must be addressed for this promising therapeutic approach to reach its full potential.
Decimal Versus Binary Representation of Numbers in Computers
Authors: Mark Howard , Workman Jerome
Published: December 2022

The dichotomy created by the advent of computers and brought up by the title of this column was a major quandary in the early days of the computer revolution, causing major controversy in both the academic and commercial communities involved in the development of modern computer architectures. Even though the controversy was eventually decided (in favor of binary representation; all commercially available computers use a binary internal architecture), echoes of that controversy still affect computer usage today by creating errors when data is transferred between computers, especially in the chemometric world. A close examination of the consequences reveals a previously unexpected error source.