bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diários visuais e/ou textuais como laboratório de criação de si: movimentos transversais na docência universitária
Authors: Kelling Cardonetti Vivien , Garlet Francieli Regina , Oliveira de Oliveira Marilda
Published: February 2021

Este artigo busca pensar a formação na docência universitária a partir da perspectiva das filosofias da diferença, uma formação que “acontece” em meio aos seus processos e encontros imprevistos, sem uma forma a priori a ser alcançada. Escritos de autores e autoras como Ribetto (2011), Pereira (2010a, 2010b), Loponte (2008, 2014), Hardt (2006) e Corazza (2013) se mostram como ferramentas potentes para pensar desdobramentos a partir dessa perspectiva, ou seja, uma formação que é pensada como um campo vivo e aberto, sempre a se fazer. São articulados também à escrita, três diários visuais e/ou textuais, os quais foram produzidos pelas autoras deste artigo em seus percursos como professoras no contexto da universidade. Assim, busca-se pensar: Como os diários visuais e/ou textuais podem funcionar como laboratório de criação de si na docência universitária? Dessa forma, intentou-se pensar o cenário formativo como um laboratório de experimentação, possibilitando colocar a docência em tensionamento com elementos/alimentos (ROLNIK, 2006) que não necessariamente dizem de docência, mas que funcionam como elementos potentes para produzi-la. A perspectiva cartográfica, enquanto estratégia de investigação processual (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1995), impeliu as autoras a investir em linhas transversais (GALLO, 2006; GUATTARI, 2004) junto aos diários visuais e/ou textuais (CARDONETTI; OLIVEIRA, 2015; OLIVEIRA, 2011, 2013, 2014) produzidos em suas experiências educativas. Junto desse movimento de pesquisa pensa-se/opera-se uma formação docente que se dá na singularidade de seu acontecer.
¿Quién gestiona los datos en las organizaciones, y para qué?
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: February 2021

Actualmente a menudo oímos hablar de gestión de datos, datos masivos, o big data, datos en abierto u open data o linked open data. De hecho, hay una idea bastante arraigada que todas las organizaciones necesitan gestionar datos para crear información y conocimiento para la acción, para la toma de decisiones. En definitiva, para crear valor. Además, las administraciones públicas en cumplimiento de la legislación de transparencia y reutilización de información pública están incrementando el volumen de datos a gestionar. El volumen de negocio que depende de la calidad de datos es considerable y se incrementa a lo largo de los años.
Juegos en el reverso nocturno
Authors: Gurpegui Vidal Carlos
Published: February 2021

Película a película, escena a escena, hubo un tiempo donde el cine nos invitaba a vivir mil aventuras, en las que nos identificábamos con el bueno, con los héroes. Con las heroínas no, algo mucho más difícil porque casi nunca el séptimo arte ha permitido que estas existieran. Pero un buen día la cosa cambió.
Love Apptually: amor y big data
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: February 2021

Love is in the air o, mejor dicho, en la nube. Las tecnologías digitales impregnan casi todos los aspectos de nuestra vida, incluidos los asuntos del corazón. Aplicaciones como Tinder, Match.com o eHarmony están transformado drásticamente la forma en que nos conectamos, creamos lazos sociales o nos enamoramos. Da igual si lo que buscamos es un encuentro sin compromiso, un amor para toda la vida o, simplemente, romper la rutina. Lo cierto es las aplicaciones de citas en línea están revolucionando la manera cómo experimentamos el romance o la amistad...
La tecnología cognitiva
Authors: Cavaller Víctor
Published: February 2021

Cuando en diciembre de 2015 Thomas H. Davenport, cofundador del International Institute for Analytics (IIA), anunciaba las 2016 Analytics Priorities and Predictions en un live webinar moderado por el IIIA Lead Faculty, Robert Morison, y el IIA Research Director, Daniel Magestro, PhD, situaba en primera posición la tecnología cognitiva entre las principales tendencias en analítica para el 2016 (Prweb, 2016).
Un mar de datos
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: February 2021

Existe un proverbio africano que dice: "Si quieres ir rápido, camina solo; pero si quieres llegar lejos, camina acompañado". Este proverbio recoge muy bien la filosofía de la red temática Maredata, donde participa la UOC y seis universidades españolas más, y que pone el foco en los datos de investigación. Repasamos el último acto que ha organizado en el marco de la International Open Data Conference (IODC) y aprovecharemos la ocasión para presentar sus objetivos.
López-Nieto y Mallo: "El protocolo sirve para las naciones lo que la etiqueta para las personas"
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: February 2021

El Dr. Francisco López-Nieto y Mallo se licenció y doctoró en Derecho por la Universidad de Barcelona. Diplomado en Genealogía Heráldica y Nobiliaria y del Cuerpo Superior de Administradores Civiles del Estado, es Académico correspondiente de la Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación, y miembro de número de la Académie Belgo-Espagnole d’Histoire. Experto en protocolo, en su bibliografía figuran más de treinta obras y más de cincuenta estudios. Entre sus libros dedicados al protocolo destacan: Honores y protocolo, Manual de protocolo, La documentación del protocolo y Legislación del protocolo.
Optimization of the Financing of the Raw Material Inventories: Case Study
Authors: Stanojević Kristina , Makajić-Nikolić Dragana , Radovanović Goran
Published: February 2021

Research Question: Optimal financing of the raw material inventories in the copper processing industry is perceived as a problem of choosing the financing sources and determining the purchase dynamics. Motivation: The company can realize the financing of raw material inventories from multiple sources under various conditions. The company efforts should be aimed at reducing the total costs that can occur in the process of purchase. Each company should simultaneously strive to satisfy the demand, but also to avoid keeping the excess of cash assets in inventories. Idea: The core idea of this paper is to evaluate the optimal financing of raw material inventories by the usage of the mathematical model that refers to the determination of financing sources, from which the required assets should be borrowed. Data: For the purpose of the case study example, the data used in the paper are approximations of information from the company and metal stock exchange. Tools: Excel was used to predict demand, while GLPK programme (GNU Linear Programming Kit) was used for the optimization of the defined model. Findings: The paper defines an optimization problem for determination of the financial sources, optimal periods, and the number of assets that will be used from these sources to secure continuity of the production process with minimum purchase costs. The paper also formulates a mathematical model of this problem and then illustrates it on the example of the real-life company for copper processing. Contribution: The results of this study show that such analysis gives the decision-makers a better insight into the possible scenarios while the final decision depends on their assessment, flexibility, attitude towards risk, need for security, etc.
Factors Affecting Intention of Signing an Advanced Directives in Cancer Patients
Authors: Ha Eun-Ju , Gu Mee Ock
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting intention to sign an Advanced Directives (AD) in cancer patients.Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 173 adult cancer patients in outpatient and inpatient departments at the cancer center of G University Hospital located in J city. Data were collected from February 25 to August 30, 2019. Data were analyzed using x2 test, independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression with SPSS/WIN 24.0.Results: Factors influencing an intention to sign an AD in cancer patients were job status (OR 2.81, 95% CI=1.20~6.56), whether or not any acquaintances had signed an AD (OR 51.48, 95% CI=3.76~704.71), proper time to sign an AD (when diagnosed with end-stage: OR 0.28, 95% CI=0.10~0.80; when near death: OR 0.09, 95% CI=0.02~0.46; reference: when healthy), discussion with family members about signing an AD (OR 15.87, 95% CI=2.28~110.54) and attitude towards AD (OR 6.50, 95% CI=1.23~34.38).Conclusion: In order to increase the intention to sign an AD in cancer patients, the development and implementation of nursing interventions to promote a positive attitude towards AD is highly recommended. Further, encouraging discussion with family members about signing an AD is recommended, and helping cancer patients to recognize that signing an AD is appropriate at a time when it is possible to make a treatment decision rather than when the patients has been diagnosed with end stage cancer.
Management of Patients with Addison’s Disease in Dentistry: An Overview
Authors: Aoun Georges
Published: February 2021

Adrenal crisis (AC) is an unexpected and possibly lethal situation of stressful interventions in patients with Addison’s disease (AD). Despite being rare in dentistry, it is to be noted that evidence indicates that 5-8% of patients with AD necessitate emergency glucocorticoid administration to treat AC annually. For that, dentists must be aware of this condition and be prepared when the clinical signs and symptoms occur.
Chemical Properties, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Dynamics of Post-Harvest Soil on Transplanted Rice with Effect of Organic Amendments
Authors: Ajaykumar R. , Thavaprakaash N.
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif season to study the effect of soil chemical properties, microbial biomass and soil enzyme dynamics on transplanted rice with organic amendments. Rice CO(R) 48 was used as a test variety. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and nine treatments. The treatment consists Recommended Dose of Fertilizers 100% NPK (150 : 50 : 50 kg ha-1) through inorganic fertilizers, Based on N equivalent basis, required quantities of organic manures (Dhaincha, vermicompost and Farmyard Manure @ 50% and 100%) were incorporated into the soil one week before transplanting of rice. The P and K requirement was supplied separately through inorganic sources as per treatment schedule. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to examine the influence of different levels and sources of fertilization on dynamics of soil chemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activities under anaerobic rice cultivation. Soil samples were taken before the start of experiment and harvest of rice for analysis of soil chemical characteristics, microbial biomass and enzyme activity. The results revealed that maximum microbial population (bacteria, fungal & actinomycetes), soil enzyme dynamics (urease, dehydrogenase & soil phosphatase activity), soil available macro nutrients (N, P, K) & micro nutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) were significantly influenced with application of 100% N through dhaincha + balance P & K through inorganic fertilizers followed by application of 100% NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 6.25 t dhaincha. Least enzyme activity, microbial population & soil available nutrients of rice were registered in absolute control.
Gay Behaviors and Persistent Problems: Looked Globally Through the Lens of an Overview and a Single Case Report
Authors: Helmi Basmah Abdulaziz , Qureshi Naseem Akhtar
Published: February 2021

Background: Prior to 1973, homosexuality was considered a mental disorder. Gay Rights Movement in European-Western world, controversial variegated theories and political all out efforts ultimately removed homosexuality from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I&II) with highly conflicting consequences to major religions of the world.

Objective: This study aimed to overview gay behavior and described a single case with assaults and mixed emotions of gay activities at younger age who visited psychiatric clinics for consultation and treatment of gay behavior.

Methods: Electronic searches of relevant literature were conducted for retrieving most influential articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect using keywords and Boolean Operators and following eligibility criteria retained 54 articles. We comprehensively evaluated this case in outpatient clinic and systematically administered 12 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).

Results: Currently, the diagnostic terms in terms of sexual and transgender identity disorder are used to address the problems of gay people in DSM or high risk homosexual behavior having problems with lifestyle in International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). One person with chronic passive gay behavior with distressful aversion at later stage presented to the psychiatric clinic, expressed strong desire and motivation to change it, and after 12 CBT sessions improved and began to enjoy heterosexual life.

Conclusion: Although homosexuality fully derecognized in two major diagnostic classification systems of mental disorders across the world, some persons with agonizing and painful gay symptoms and psychiatric disorders and addictions to various substances eventually seek help from mental health professionals who manage them by diverse interventions resulting in better outcome and good quality of life including marital stability. Therefore, gay people presenting with psychological conditions or distressful behaviors need mental health services for changing their gay to heterosexual style and simultaneously addressing mental and physical disorders globally.
Yield, Quality, Nitrogen Use efficiency (NUE) and Water Use efficiency (WUE) of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels
Authors: Bindhani Debashis , Goswami S. B. , Kumar Amit , Bhupenchandra Ingudam , Gudade B. A. , Talukdar Diganggana , Verma Gaurav , Bora S. S. , Devi E. Lamalakshmi , Chongtham S. K. , Devi Soibam Helena , Sinyorita Soibam , Olivia L. C. , Shettigar Nivedita
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017-18 at Central Research Farm, Gayespur, Nadia, under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal to assess the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on performance of hybrid mustard. The experiment was comprised of nine treatment combinations in split plot design with replicated thrice. The results revealed that, maximum seed yield (2016 kg/ha) was achieved in IW/CPE=1.0 with 120 kg nitrogen/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.2 with the same dose of nitrogen/ha. The highest value of oil percentage (40.2%) was noticed in IW/CPE=1.2 with application of 80 kg N/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.0 and same dose of nitrogen. The maximum oil yield (721 litre/ha) was registered in IW/CPE=1.2 with 120 kg N/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.0 with the same dose of nitrogen/ha. The maximum NUE (30.0 %) was achieved in IW/CPE=1.0 with 40 kg N/ha followed by IW/CPE=1.0 and with 40 kg N/ha. Among the irrigation levels, maximum WUE was recorded 9.6 kg/ha/mm with IW/CPE=1.0 whereas, application of 120 kg N/ha was noticed maximum WUE about 11.2 kg/ha/mm. The maximum biological yield was registerd in IW/CPE=0.8 with 120 kg nitrogen/ha and the lowest was recorded with IW/CPE=1.2 with 40 kg nitrogen/ha. The IW/CPE=1.0 along with 120 kg nitrogen/ha is a suitable combination for profitable production of hybrid mustard in the Mohanpur, West Bengal and other similar ecoregions.
Challenges and Coping Strategies in the Uptake of the System of Rice Intensification Practices in Oluch Irrigation Scheme, Homa-Bay County, Kenya
Authors: Ouma Matilda A. , Ombati Justus M. , Onyango Christopher A.
Published: February 2021

System of rice intensification (SRI) is a novel technological approach aimed at improving rice productivity using environmental-friendly and cost-effective agronomic practices. Although its utility has been demonstrated in several settings in sub-Saharan Africa, its implementation is still considerably low. This study explored the challenges faced and coping strategies used by Kenyan smallholder farmers who contribute substantially to domestic rice production, in the uptake of SRI practices in rural setting in the western part of the country where it was previously been introduced. The study involved a survey of 101 smallholder rice farmers in Oluch Irrigation Scheme in Homabay County, to understand the challenges and coping strategies to the uptake of the system of rice intensification practices. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done to guide in summarising the results using the SPSS package. The findings revealed that a host of challenges impede the acceptance of SRI in Oluch irrigation scheme, mainly insufficient knowledge, shortage and high costs of labour, weak stakeholder networks in the rice value chain; pests and diseases; and high cost of agricultural inputs to facilitate SRI. Notably, none of these challenges were overwhelmingly prevalent across majority of farmers, but that they were accosted by multiple complex and competing challenges limiting their opportunities for uptake of different SRI practices. It was observed that the nature and manifestation of these challenges necessitated the involvement of multiple actors in the rice value chain to address them. This formed the basis for a multi-stakeholder approach to address challenges that limited the implementation of new agricultural technologies, especially the utility of innovative approaches such as innovation platform to promote the uptake of SRI.
Dosimetric comparison of coplanar and noncoplanar beam arrangements for radiotherapy of patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Min , Ren Wenting , Li Minghui , Niu Chuanmeng , Dai Jianrong
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of lung cancer, and both coplanar beam arrangements (CBA) and noncoplanar beam arrangements (NCBA) are adopted in clinic practice. The aim of this study is to answer the question whether NCBA are dosimetrically superior to CBA.

Methods

Search of publications were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochran Library till March 2020. The searching terms were as following: ((noncoplanar) or ("non coplanar") or ("4pi") or ("4π")) AND (("lung cancer") or ("lung tumor") or ("lung carcinoma")) AND ((radiotherapy) or ("radiation therapy")). The included studies and extracted data were manually screened. All forest and funnel plots were carried out with RevMan software, and the Egger’s regression asymmetry tests were conducted with STATA software.

Results

Nine studies were included and evaluated in the meta‐analysis and treatment plans were designed with both CBA and NCBA. For the planning target volumes (PTV), D98%, D2%, the conformity index (CI), and the gradient index (GI) had no statistically significant difference. For organs‐at‐risk (OAR), V20 of the whole lung and the maximum dose of the spinal cord were significantly reduced in NCBA plans compared with CBA ones. But V10, V5, and mean dose of the whole lung, the maximum dose of the heart, and the maximum dose of the esophagus exhibited no significant difference when the two types of beam arrangements were compared.

Conclusion

After combining multicenter results, NCBA plans have significant advantages in reducing V20 of the whole lung and max dose of spinal cord.
A practical method to quantify knowledge‐based DVH prediction accuracy and uncertainty with reference cohorts
Authors: Covele Brent M. , Carroll Cody J. , Moore Kevin L.
Published: February 2021

The adoption of knowledge‐based dose‐volume histogram (DVH) prediction models for assessing organ‐at‐risk (OAR) sparing in radiotherapy necessitates quantification of prediction accuracy and uncertainty. Moreover, DVH prediction error bands should be readily interpretable as confidence intervals in which to find a percentage of clinically acceptable DVHs. In the event such DVH error bands are not available, we present an independent error quantification methodology using a local reference cohort of high‐quality treatment plans, and apply it to two DVH prediction models, ORBIT‐RT and RapidPlan, trained on the same set of 90 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. Organ‐at‐risk DVH predictions from each model were then generated for a separate set of 45 prostate VMAT plans. Dose‐volume histogram predictions were then compared to their analogous clinical DVHs to define prediction errors (ith plan), from which prediction bias μ, prediction error variation σ, and root‐mean‐square error could be calculated for the cohort. The empirical was then contrasted to the model‐provided DVH error estimates. For all prostate OARs, above 50% Rx dose, ORBIT‐RT μ and σ were comparable to or less than those of RapidPlan. Above 80% Rx dose, μ < 1% and σ < 3‐4% for both models. As a result, above 50% Rx dose, ORBIT‐RT was below that of RapidPlan, indicating slightly improved accuracy in this cohort. Because μ ≈ 0, is readily interpretable as a canonical standard deviation σ, whose error band is expected to correctly predict 68% of normally distributed clinical DVHs. By contrast, RapidPlan's provided error band, although described in literature as a standard deviation range, was slightly less predictive than (55–70% success), while the provided ORBIT‐RT error band was confirmed to resemble an interquartile range (40–65% success) as described. Clinicians can apply this methodology using their own institutions’ reference cohorts to (a) independently assess a knowledge‐based model's predictive accuracy of local treatment plans, and (b) interpret from any error band whether further OAR dose sparing is likely attainable.
In Situ Liquid‐Cell TEM Observation of Multiphase Classical and Nonclassical Nucleation of Calcium Oxalate
Authors: Banner David J. , Firlar Emre , Rehak Pavel , Phakatkar Abhijit H. , Foroozan Tara , Osborn Jodi K. , Sorokina Lioudmila V. , Narayanan Surya , Tahseen Talia , Baggia Yusuf , Král Petr , Shokuhfar Tolou , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza
Published: February 2021

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the major phase in kidney stones and the primary calcium storage medium in plants. CaOx can form crystals with different lattice types, water contents, and crystal structures. However, the conditions and mechanisms leading to nucleation of particular CaOx crystals are unclear. Here, liquid‐cell transmission electron microscopy and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are used to study in situ CaOx nucleation at different conditions. The observations reveal that rhombohedral CaOx monohydrate (COM) can nucleate via a classical pathway, while square COM can nucleate via a non‐classical multiphase pathway. Citrate, a kidney stone inhibitor, increases the solubility of calcium by forming calcium‐citrate complexes and blocks oxalate ions from approaching calcium. The presence of multiple hydrated ionic species draws additional water molecules into nucleating CaOx dihydrate crystals. These findings reveal that by controlling the nucleation pathways one can determine the macroscale crystal structure, hydration state, and morphology of CaOx.
Scalable Aqueous Processing‐Based Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling Coatings
Authors: Huang Wenlong , Chen Yijun , Luo Yu , Mandal Jyotirmoy , Li Wenxi , Chen Meijie , Tsai Cheng‐Chia , Shan Zhongqiang , Yu Nanfang , Yang Yuan
Published: February 2021

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) can realize electricity‐free cooling by reflecting sunlight and emitting heat to the cold space. Current PDRC designs often involve costly vacuum processing or a large quantity of harmful organic solvents. Aqueous and paint‐like processing is cost‐effective and environmentally benign, thereby highly attractive for green manufacturing of PDRC coatings. However, common polymers explored in PDRC are difficult to disperse in water, let alone forming porous structures for efficient cooling. Here, a simple “bottom‐up” ball milling approach to create uniform microassembly of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene) nanoparticles is reported. The micro‐ and nanopores among secondary particles and primary particles substantially enhance light scattering and results in excellent PDRC performance. A high solar reflectance of 0.94 and high emittance of 0.97 are achieved, making the coating 3.3 and 1.7 °C cooler than commercial white paints and the ambient temperature, under a high solar flux of ≈1100 W m−2. More importantly, the volatile organic compound content in the aqueous paint is only 71 g L−1. This satisfies the general regulatory requirements, which are critical to sustainability and practical applications.
Programmable Phototaxis of Metal–Phenolic Particle Microswimmers
Authors: Lin Gan , Richardson Joseph J. , Ahmed Heba , Besford Quinn A. , Christofferson Andrew J. , Beyer Sebastian , Lin Zhixing , Rezk Amgad R. , Savioli Marco , Zhou Jiajing , McConville Chris F. , Cortez‐Jugo Christina , Yeo Leslie Y. , Caruso Frank
Published: February 2021

Light‐driven directional motion is common in nature but remains a challenge for synthetic microparticles, particularly regarding collective motion on a macroscopic scale. Successfully engineering microparticles with light‐driven collective motion could lead to breakthroughs in drug delivery, contaminant sensing, environmental remediation, and artificial life. Herein, metal–phenolic particle microswimmers capable of autonomously sensing and swimming toward an external light source are reported, with the speed regulated by the wavelength and intensity of illumination. These microswimmers can travel macroscopic distances (centimeters) and can remain illuminated for hours without degradation of motility. Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that motion is generated through chemical transformations of the organic component of the metal–phenolic complex. Furthermore, cargos with specific spectral absorption profiles can be loaded into the particles and endow the particle microswimmers with activated motion corresponding to these spectral characteristics. The programmable nature of the light navigation, tunable size of the particles, and versatility of cargo loading demonstrate the versatility of these metal–phenolic particle microswimmers.
Texture Formation in Polycrystalline Thin Films of All‐Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite
Authors: Steele Julian A. , Solano Eduardo , Jin Handong , Prakasam Vittal , Braeckevelt Tom , Yuan Haifeng , Lin Zhenni , de Kloe René , Wang Qiong , Rogge Sven M. J. , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Chernyshov Dmitry , Hofkens Johan , Roeffaers Maarten B. J.
Published: February 2021

Controlling grain orientations within polycrystalline all‐inorganic halide perovskite solar cells can help increase conversion efficiencies toward their thermodynamic limits; however, the forces governing texture formation are ambiguous. Using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, mesostructure formation within polycrystalline CsPbI2.85Br0.15 powders as they cool from a high‐temperature cubic perovskite (α‐phase) is reported. Tetragonal distortions (β‐phase) trigger preferential crystallographic alignment within polycrystalline ensembles, a feature that is suggested here to be coordinated across multiple neighboring grains via interfacial forces that select for certain lattice distortions over others. External anisotropy is then imposed on polycrystalline thin films of orthorhombic (γ‐phase) CsPbI3‐xBrx perovskite via substrate clamping, revealing two fundamental uniaxial texture formations; i) I‐rich films possess orthorhombic‐like texture (<100> out‐of‐plane; <010> and <001> in‐plane), while ii) Br‐rich films form tetragonal‐like texture (<110> out‐of‐plane; <110> and <001> in‐plane). In contrast to relatively uninfluential factors like the choice of substrate, film thickness, and annealing temperature, Br incorporation modifies the γ‐CsPbI3−xBrx crystal structure by reducing the orthorhombic lattice distortion (making it more tetragonal‐like) and governs the formation of the different, energetically favored textures within polycrystalline thin films.
Diversifying Metal–Ligand Cooperative Catalysis in Semi‐Synthetic [Mn]‐Hydrogenases
Authors: Pan Hui‐Jie , Huang Gangfeng , Wodrich Matthew D. , Tirani Farzaneh Fadaei , Ataka Kenichi , Shima Seigo , Hu Xile
Published: February 2021

The reconstitution of [Mn]‐hydrogenases using a series of MnI complexes is described. These complexes are designed to have an internal base or pro‐base that may participate in metal–ligand cooperative catalysis or have no internal base or pro‐base. Only MnI complexes with an internal base or pro‐base are active for H2 activation; only [Mn]‐hydrogenases incorporating such complexes are active for hydrogenase reactions. These results confirm the essential role of metal–ligand cooperation for H2 activation by the MnI complexes alone and by [Mn]‐hydrogenases. Owing to the nature and position of the internal base or pro‐base, the mode of metal–ligand cooperation in two active [Mn]‐hydrogenases is different from that of the native [Fe]‐hydrogenase. One [Mn]‐hydrogenase has the highest specific activity of semi‐synthetic [Mn]‐ and [Fe]‐hydrogenases. This work demonstrates reconstitution of active artificial hydrogenases using synthetic complexes differing greatly from the native active site.
Unveiling Electrochemical Urea Synthesis by Co‐Activation of CO2 and N2 with Mott–Schottky Heterostructure Catalysts
Authors: Yuan Menglei , Chen Junwu , Bai Yiling , Liu Zhanjun , Zhang Jingxian , Zhao Tongkun , Wang Qin , Li Shuwei , He Hongyan , Zhang Guangjin
Published: February 2021

Electrocatalytic C−N bond coupling to convert CO2 and N2 molecules into urea under ambient conditions is a promising alternative to harsh industrial processes. However, the adsorption and activation of inert gas molecules and then the driving of the C–N coupling reaction is energetically challenging. Herein, novel Mott–Schottky Bi‐BiVO4 heterostructures are described that realize a remarkable urea yield rate of 5.91 mmol h−1 g−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 12.55 % at −0.4 V vs. RHE. Comprehensive analysis confirms the emerging space–charge region in the heterostructure interface not only facilitates the targeted adsorption and activation of CO2 and N2 molecules on the generated local nucleophilic and electrophilic regions, but also effectively suppresses CO poisoning and the formation of endothermic *NNH intermediates. This guarantees the desired exothermic coupling of *N=N* intermediates and generated CO to form the urea precursor, *NCON*.
Cycloparaphenylene–Phenalenyl Radical and Its Dimeric Double Nanohoop**
Authors: Yang Yong , Blacque Olivier , Sato Sota , Juríček Michal
Published: February 2021

The first example of a neutral spin‐delocalized carbon‐nanoring radical was achieved by integration of the open‐shell phenalenyl unit into cycloparaphenylene (CPP). Spin distribution in this hydrocarbon is localized primarily on the phenalenyl segment and partially on the CPP segment as a consequence of steric and electronic effects. The resulting geometry is reminiscent of a diamond ring, with pseudo‐perpendicular arrangement of the radial and the planar π‐surface. The phenylene rings attached directly to the phenalenyl unit give rise to a steric effect that governs a highly selective dimerization pathway, yielding a giant double nanohoop. Its π‐framework made of 158 sp2‐carbon atoms was elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed a three‐segment CPP‐peropyrene‐CPP structure. This nanocarbon shows a fluorescence profile characteristic of peropyrene, regardless of which segment gets excited. These results in conjunction with DFT suggest that adjusting the size of the CPP segments in this double nanohoop could deliver donor–acceptor systems.
Regulating the Solvation Sheath of Li Ions by Using Hydrogen Bonds for Highly Stable Lithium–Metal Anodes
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Jia Qingqing , Tang Mi , Fan Kun , Chen Yuan , Sun Mingxuan , Xu Shuaifei , Wu Yanchao , Zhang Chenyang , Ma Jing , Wang Chengliang , Hu Wenping
Published: February 2021

The performance of Li anodes is extremely affected by the solvation of Li ions, leading to preferential reduction of the solvation sheath and subsequent formation of fragile solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI), Li dendrites, and low coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, we propose a novel strategy to regulate the solvation sheath, through the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with both the anions of Li salt and the solvent by small amount additives. The addition of such hydrogen bonds reduced the LUMO energy level of anions in electrolyte, promoted the formation of a robust SEI, reduced the amount of free solvent molecules, and enhanced stability of electrolytes. Based on this strategy, flat and dense lithium deposition was obtained. Even under lean electrolytes, at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with a fixed capacity of 3 mAh cm−2, the Li–Cu cells showed an impressive CE value of 99.2 %. The Li‐LiFePO4 full cells showed long‐term cycling stability for more than 1000 cycles at 1 C, with a total capacity loss of only 15 mAh g−1.
Preparation of a Multicarbazole‐Based Nanocapsule Capable of Largely Modulating Guest Spectroscopic Properties in Water
Authors: Kudo Kohi , Ide Tomohito , Kishida Natsuki , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: February 2021

A nanocapsule composed of multiple carbazole panels (ca. 12 panels) was quantitatively generated from bent carbazole‐based amphiphiles in water. Unlike previously reported macrocycles and coordination cages bearing several carbazole panels, the resultant nanocapsule displays enhanced emissivity and improved electrochemical stability as compared with the monomeric amphiphile. The spectroscopic properties of substituted coumarin and boron‐dipyrromethene dyes can be modulated upon encapsulation by the nanocapsule in water. In the cavity, a highly blue‐shifted absorption band is observed from largely twisted coumarin dyes and two absorption bands are found from boron‐dipyrromethene dimers stacked in an unusual L‐shaped fashion. Moreover, the encapsulated dimers exhibit unique excimer‐like emission.
Bispecific Aptamer Chimeras Enable Targeted Protein Degradation on Cell Membranes
Authors: Miao Yanyan , Gao Qianqian , Mao Menghan , Zhang Chao , Yang Liqun , Yang Yang , Han Da
Published: February 2021

The ability to regulate membrane protein abundance offers great opportunities for developing therapeutic sites for various diseases. Herein, we describe a platform for the targeted degradation of membrane‐associated proteins using bispecific aptamer chimeras that bind both the cell‐surface lysosome‐shuttling receptor (IGFIIR) and the targeted membrane‐bound proteins of interest. We demonstrate that the aptamer chimeras can efficiently and quickly shuttle the therapeutically relevant membrane proteins of Met and PTK‐7 to lysosomes and degrade them through the lysosomal protein degradation machinery. We anticipate that our method will provide a universal platform for the use of readily synthesized aptamer materials for biochemical research and potential therapeutics.
Digging into blindsnakes' morphology: Description of the skull, lower jaw, and cervical vertebrae of twoAmerotyphlops(Hedges et al., 2014) (Serpentes, Typhlopidae) with comments on the typhlopoidean skull morphological diversity
Authors: Lira Isabelle , Martins Angele
Published: February 2021

Scolecophidians are small fossorial snakes that exhibit several osteological innovations, most of which driven by their extreme body miniaturization. Considering that data on skull morphology has proven to be relevant in terms of scolecophidian systematics and morphofunctional evolution, herein, we aim to describe in detail the skull, lower jaw, and cervical vertebrae ofAmerotyphlops brongersmianusandA. reticulatus. Our results suggest that the investigated osteology ofAmerotyphlopsresembles several new world typhlopid species, with reduced interspecific variation in the basicranium, lower jaw and cervical vertebrae. Both species exhibit characters states that are typically conserved intragenerically amongst typhlopoids, such as the presence of a single parietal, paired supraoccipitals, and otooccipitals that are in contact medially, and the basioccipital participating in the formation of the foramen magnum. We discuss possible systematically important osteological skull variations among typhlopoids and provide a comprehensive comparison of these taxa based on literature and data gathered herein.
Age‐related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: DeMayo Marilena M. , Harris Ashley D. , Song Yun Ju C. , Pokorski Izabella , Thapa Rinku , Patel Shrujna , Ambarchi Zahava , Thomas Emma E. , Hickie Ian B. , Guastella Adam J.
Published: February 2021

GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross‐sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4–12 year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age‐related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p = 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults.

Lay Summary

This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859–872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Statistische Bewertung der Druckfestigkeit von ultrahochfestem Beton (UHFB)
Authors: Lanwer Jan‐Paul , Javidmehr Sara , Empelmann Martin
Published: February 2021

Ultrahochleistungsbetone weisen eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen gegenüber normalfesten Betonen auf, z. B. ein extrem dichtes Gefüge, sehr hohe Festigkeiten und exzellente Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit. Für eine sichere und zuverlässige Bemessung von Bauteilen aus Ultrahochleistungsbetonen in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit muss die rechnerisch anzusetzende Druckfestigkeit und deren Streuung bekannt sein. Dazu wurden Ergebnisse aus Druckfestigkeitsprüfungen in einer Datenbank zusammengestellt und statistisch ausgewertet.
Counselling in the third sector: to what extent are older adults accessing these services and how complete are the data third sector services collect measuring client psychological distress?
Authors: O’Donnell Jennifer , Pybis Joanne , Bacon Jeremy
Published: February 2021

Background

A low number of older adults access Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services in England. Barriers include ageism and stigma. Routine outcome measures (ROMs) assess the effectiveness of counselling, although counsellor and service‐level barriers prevent uptake.

Aims

Access rates of older adults to third sector (sometimes called voluntary or community sector) counselling and psychotherapy services were explored. The extent of ROM collection on psychological distress was assessed.

Methodology

Data collected between 2018 and 2019 were pooled across six third sector counselling services in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland (N = 2,757). Access based on age and gender was assessed, and the chi‐square analysis was used to compare gender distribution within the age groups. Availability of pre‐ and post‐therapy ROMs was assessed, and the chi‐square analysis was used to explore the age and gender differences in completion.

Findings

Lower access rates in people aged 65 and over (4.4%) were found compared with IAPT (7%). Access rates decreased further as age increased. Access of people aged 50 and over (24.5%) was below the 34.6% of the population in this age category. A third of people accessing counselling in all age groups were men. Only 28.6% completed a pre‐therapy ROM, and 29.5% of those clients subsequently completed a post‐therapy ROM.

Implications

Mental health promotion and adapting communication during counselling may help engage older adults and men in counselling. Training on working with older people and long‐term conditions is also beneficial. Support in using ROMs can improve uptake although organisational barriers may restrict implementation in the third sector.
Analgesia nociception index for early detection of vagal stimulation during carotid body tumor resection: A case report
Authors: Laosuwan Prok , Tangjaturonrasme Napadon
Published: February 2021

ANI can be used for early detection of parasympathetic signals before the occurrence of bradycardia or to locate unidentified carotid structures in the head and neck region.
Adsorption of Naphthalene on Activated Wood Charcoal Derived from Biomass Gasification
Authors: Gradel Andy , Wünning Joachim Alfred , Plessing Tobias , Jess Andreas
Published: February 2021

During gasification and/or pyrolysis of wooden biomass, charcoal is formed as a solid intermediate or product. In CO2‐ and H2O‐rich atmospheres at high temperatures, a high specific surface area of several 100 m2 per gram of charcoal may be reached. Common biomass gasifiers aim at a charcoal conversion of 100 %. Up to now, the option of a subsequent usage of the charcoal for adsorption of tar compounds has rarely been considered but is an interesting option to produce a clean syngas in a downstream adsorption unit. Experimental studies show an adsorption capacity of up to 0.4 g of tar per gram of charcoal using naphthalene as a model substance for tar. Respective adsorption isotherms, breakthrough curves in a fixed‐bed adsorber, and a kinetic breakthrough model are presented.
Rational Design and Development of Low‐Price, Scalable, Shelf‐Stable and Broadly Applicable Electrophilic Sulfonium Ylide‐Based Trifluoromethylating Reagents
Authors: Liu Yafei , Ling Yijing , Ge Hangming , Lu Long , Shen Qilong
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusion

The development of two highly reactive electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents (trifluoromethyl)(4‐nitrophenyl)bis(carbomethoxy)methylide (1g) and (trifluoromethyl)(3‐chlorophenyl)bis(carbomethoxy)methylide (1j) through structure‐activity study was described. Under mild conditions, reagent 1g reacted with β‐ketoesters and silyl enol ethers to give α‐trifluoromethylated‐β‐ketoesters or α‐trifluoromethylated ketones in high yields. In addition, reagent 1g could serve as a trifluoromethyl radical for a variety of trifluoromethylative transformations under visible light irradiation, including radical trifluoromethylation of electron‐rich indoles and pyrroles and sodium aryl sulfinates as well as trifluoromethylative difunctionalization with styrene derivatives. On the other hand, as a complimentary, under reductive coupling conditions, reagent 1j reacted with a variety of (hetero)aryl iodides for the formation of trifluoromethylated (hetero)arenes.
Statistical disease mapping for heterogeneous neuroimaging studies
Authors: Liu Rongjie , Zhu Hongtu ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2021

Many cancers and neuro‐related diseases display significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity across subjects and subpopulations. Characterizing such heterogeneity could transform our understanding of the etiology of these conditions and inspire new approaches to urgently needed prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. However, most existing statistical methods face major challenges in delineating such heterogeneity at both the group and individual levels. The aim of this article is to propose a novel statistical disease‐mapping (SDM) framework to address some of these challenges. We develop an efficient estimation method to estimate unknown parameters in SDM and delineate individual and group disease maps. Statistical inference procedures such as hypothesis‐testing problems are also investigated for parameters of interest. Both simulation studies and real data analysis on the ADNI hippocampal surface dataset show that our SDM not only effectively detects diseased regions in each patient but also provides a group disease‐mapping analysis of Alzheimer subgroups.
Cyclopentadienyl‐Based Anticancer Drugs: Improvement of Cytotoxic Activity through Functionalisation of the π Ligand
Authors: Absolonová Monika , Melounková Lucie , Vinklárek Jaromír , Honzíček Jan , Dostál Libor , Mrózek Ondřej
Published: February 2021

Cytotoxic complexes containing molybdenum are widely studied as a potential substitution for commercially used drugs that often suffer from pronounced side effects and cellular resistance. Compounds of the type [(η5‐Cp′)Mo(CO)2(N,NL)][BF4], where Cp is cyclopentadienyl and N,NL is a bidentate ligand, are well known for their strong anticancer activity. It is a generally accepted paradigm that the nature of the coordinated N,NL ligand has a major impact on the cytotoxicity. In this study, a series of new functionalised Cp complexes of molybdenum was synthesised from derivatised fulvenes as π‐ligand precursors. Indeed, the coordination sphere‘s modulation by various N,N‐chelating ligands afforded species active toward leukemic cell line MOLT‐4 with IC50 values depending on the character of the N,N‐chelator used. However, following study clearly showed that functionalisation of the Cp ring with an amine moiety considerably improved cytotoxicity. These results are of crucial importance for the future design of highly active cytotoxic drugs, as modification of cyclopentadienyl is believed to have a minor effect on biological activity.
Bifunctional versus Defect‐Mediated Effects in Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Engstfeld Albert K. , Klein Jens , Brimaud Sylvain
Published: February 2021

The most prominent and intensively studied anode catalyst material for direct methanol oxidation fuel cells consists of a combination of platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (Ru). Classically, their high performance is attributed to a bifunctional reaction mechanism where Ru sites provide oxygen species at lower overpotential than Pt. In turn, they oxidize the adsorbed carbonaceous reaction intermediates at lower overpotential; among these, the Pt site‐blocking carbon monoxide. We demonstrate that well‐defined Pt modified Ru(0001) single crystal electrodes, with varying Pt contents and different local PtRu configurations at the surface, are unexpectedly inactive for the methanol oxidation reaction. This observation stands in contradiction with theoretical predictions and the concept of bifunctional catalysis for this reaction. Instead, we suggest that pure Pt defect sites play a more critical role than bifunctional defect sites on the electrodes investigated in this work.