bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open surgical approach to management of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis
Authors: C. Sunil K. , Y. Praveen Kumar B. , Bhoomannavar Ramesh , Jain Rishabh
Published: December 2021

Background: Since December 2019, when novel corona virus (COVID 19) was reported, it has spread widely to cause a pandemic. Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM), an opportunistic fungal infection caused by the order Mucorales and class Zygomycetes has led to an epidemic in our country.

Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted at a 1200 bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysore. All patients of ROCM who presented to us for treatment were selected for the study after informed consent. Only those patients who were operated via open approach were included.

Results: Median age of the patients was 50 years (SD±10). 49 were male patients (67.1%). Diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying co-morbidity seen in 71 patients (97.3%). Facial pain (100%) and facial swelling (90.4%) were the most common presenting complaint. KOH positivity from nasal swab for Mucormycosis was positive in only 37 patients (50.7%). Traditional inaccessible areas to endoscope like the premaxilla, lateral orbit cavity, infra temporal fossa and hard palate were tackled by the open surgical approach route. Advantages of open surgical approach being the access to areas which are traditionally difficult to approach via the endoscope, aggressive debridement is possible which might be challenging endoscopically. Complications like wound dehiscence, oro-antral fistula, osteomyelitis and abscess were noted in our study.

Conclusions: Open surgical approach offers a very viable, affordable and a very effective means for aggressive surgical debridement of infection and reduce mortality associated with ROCM.

 
Female pattern hair loss among Saudi women and hematological changes associated with it - case controlled study
Authors: Al balbeesi Amal O.
Published: December 2021

Background: Female pattern hair loss is a problematic condition. The availability of a rapid indicator is crucial. The current study compared female pattern hair loss patients with healthy controls regarding hematological parameters and vitamin D levels.

Methods: We included 78 females with female pattern hair loss and 50 healthy subjects in the control group. We collected a detailed medical history and performed a systematic clinical examination. Blood samples were collected including complete blood count, serum ferritin, and vitamin D.

Results: A significant increase in positive family history and acne among the study than the control group. Most patients had mild disease (55.1%). Female pattern hair loss was significantly associated with a reduction in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, serum ferritin and serum vitamin D. Among the patient’s group, the disease severity was positively correlated with disease duration and patient age. The correlation with duration was moderate (r=0.366). The disease duration was positively correlated with body mass index and negatively correlated with red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red cell indices, ferritin and vitamin D. Disease duration was also inversely correlated with vitamin D levels.

Conclusions: Family history, body mass index, acne, hirsutism and irregular period were high among Saudi women. The disease was moderately severe. FPHL was associated with a significant reduction in hematological parameters and lower serum ferritin that indicated iron deficiency could play a crucial role in the development or progression of the disease. As a preventable etiology, restoring iron stores may provide at least an adjunct therapeutic option.
Clinical pattern of cutaneous infestations in pediatric age group attending a tertiary care centre
Authors: U. Raghavon U. , Bhuptani Neela V. , Patel Bharti K. , Bhimani Sagar
Published: December 2021

Background: Skin diseases are a serious health concern for children of all ages, and they are linked to a high rate of morbidity. In comparison to adults, children's dermatological problems are more impacted by socioeconomic position, dietary habits, climatic exposure, and the external environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of infestations among pediatric patients who visited the dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: From December 2019 to September 2020, all newly diagnosed, untreated male and female pediatric patients (from neonates to adolescents of 14 years of age) attending dermatology outpatient department (OPD) were assessed to determine the prevalence of Infestations within the pediatric population. A thorough history was gathered, followed by a meticulous dermatological examination and if indicated, regular investigations were done and were recorded in predesigned performa.

Results: The analysis included 50 patients who had been infested. There were 43 cases (86%) of scabies and 7 cases (14%) of pediculosis capitis.

Conclusions: The infestations in the pediatric age group are associated with a high communicable rate so it’s important to diagnose these conditions early to contain the spread and limit the morbidity.
Evaluation of drug utilization pattern, quality of life and pharmaco-economics in patients of contact dermatitis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Harkhani Jolly M. , Jagati Ashish , Tiwari Hemant , Sood Shikha V. , Malhotra Supriya D.
Published: December 2021

Background: Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common inflammatory skin condition due to T-cell mediated immune reaction on exposure to different allergens. The disease significantly affects Quality of Life (QoL) and all over impact can be seen in Pharmacoeconomics.

Methods: This is the prospective observational study done between October 2019 to February 2020 at Dermatology outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients diagnosed with CD aged eighteen years or older of either gender and willing to give written consent were included in study. The impact of CD on the QoL of affected persons was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Direct, indirect and total cost as well as percentage variation in cost of individual drugs was calculated for Pharmacoeconomics analysis.

Results: The study population consisted of 180 patients. The most commonly prescribed drugs were corticosteroids (47.44%). The average score of DLQI at baseline was 8.97±4.85. The DLQI score was significantly more impaired in women as compared to men (12.91versus 4.93) (p=0.0001). Average income per month was 11,611.11±230.34₹. The average direct, indirect and total cost was 131.55±70.55 ₹, 136.44±16.93 ₹ and 168.11±74.08₹ respectively. The percentage variation of cost was largest for prednisolone 5 mg tablet and least for clobetasol cream (0.05%).

Conclusions: The impact of CD on QoL and Pharmacoeconomic burden is significant and requires specific attention in health care facilities.  
Atopic dermatitis and its association with serum immunoglobulin E levels: our experience in KVG medical college and hospital, Karnataka
Authors: K. Priyanka , R. Abhirup H. , N. Badrinath , C. Aishwarya K.
Published: December 2021

Background: Eczema is an inflammatory skin reaction which presents as acute, subacute and chronic forms. Eczemas persisting for more than 6 weeks or characterized by thickening and discoloration of skin is typical of chronic eczema. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a type of chronic or chronically relapsing eczematous skin disorder. To determine the percentage of AD in all forms of chronic eczema by using HRC. We also estimated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and determined its correlation with chronic eczemas and with various clinical parameters of HRC.

Methods: A total of 50 patients with chronic eczema meeting defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this cross-sectional study after taking an informed consent and approval of institutional ethical committee. All patients were subjected to a detailed history based on a questionnaire. A thorough clinical examination was done to determine all major and minor clinical parameters of HRC for AD. Blood samples were collected and AEC and total serum IgE levels were determined.

Results: Most of our study patients were females (64%). Majority of males (77.7%) were farmers and majority of females (56.2%) were housewives assisting in fieldwork activities. Various causes of chronic eczema were clinically diagnosed AD (34%), chronic actinic dermatitis (8%), polymorphic light eruption (4%), airborne contact dermatitis (10%), phyto-photodermatitis (10%), chronic hand and/or foot eczema (16%) and seborrheic dermatitis (2%). Thirty-two patients (64%) satisfied HRC. Among all clinical parameters of HRC, pruritus and xerosis were the commonest in AD patients. Serum IgE level was raised in 58% of chronic eczema and 68.7% of AD patients.

Conclusions: Serum IgE levels showed significant association with typical morphology and distribution of lesions, early age of onset and perifollicular accentuation.
 
Saphenous vein graft harvesting site dermatoses among CABG patients
Authors: I. Sushma , Prasad M. K. Padma , J. Nivin Simon , Pravin A. J. S. , Gopal S. Raja , Bharathi M. Vijaya , Varghese Mulamoottil George
Published: December 2021

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a cardiac surgical procedure in which the greater saphenous vein graft is most often used to bypass the narrowed coronary artery segments. The side effects of leg vein harvesting include a variety of cutaneous changes. We report the cutaneous effects at the saphenous vein harvesting sites in 32 patients who underwent CABG. To study the dermatoses occurring at the saphenous vein harvest site post CABG surgery.

Methods: A prospective observational study on prevalence of saphenous vein harvesting site dermatoses in patients with CABG attending a tertiary care centre in Kanyakumari, for a period of 6 months from March 2021 to September 2021. The cutaneous changes on and around the saphenous vein (SV) graft donor site were noted in all patients.

Results: A total of 200 patients underwent CABG during the period of study, out of which 32 patients developed dermatitis at the vein harvesting site. At the donor site, Pruritus was the most common symptom seen in 14 (44%) patients, followed by eczema in 11 (34%) patients, xerosis in 9 (28%), hyperpigmentation in 6 (20%), depigmentation in 2 (3%), anesthesia in 3 (10%), neuralgic pain in 3 (8%), burning sensation in 2 (6%), hypertrophic scar in 3 (10%), and infections in 3 (9%) patients.

Conclusions: To minimize the donor site complications following CABG, we recommend proper cutaneous and vascular evaluations, identifying the best graft site, employing meticulous surgical technique, recognizing complications early, and starting treatment without delay.
Expert opinion on current and emerging treatments in dermatophytosis
Authors: Kharkar R. D. , Girdhar Mukesh , Banerjee Gautam , Salim T. , Sen Manas , Haldar Susmit , . Karthikeyan , Kedia Ajey , Gupta Lipy , Katariya Rajesh
Published: December 2021

Dermatophytosis continues to be a worldwide public health problem, predominantly in developing countries like India. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are imperative to enhance patient outcomes and improve quality of life of individuals with dermatophytosis. Multiple focused group discussions involving 76 dermatologists across 36 cities in India were conducted to provide a consensus clinical viewpoint of expert dermatologists to gain insights toward effective diagnosis and management of Indian subjects with dermatophytosis. These discussions mainly aimed at reviewing current literature on prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and management of dermatophytosis and highlighting variations in diagnostic and treatment approaches in routine clinical practice. The current article summarizes the experts’ clinical viewpoint on overall management of dermatophytosis. Diagnosis of dermatophytosis involves clinical observation, microscopic examination and dermoscopy. Molecular techniques have certain advantages over conventional microscopy and culture methods but are associated with issues of cost and technique complexity. Oral itraconazole 200 mg–400 mg daily and terbinafine 500 mg/day could be considered for recalcitrant tinea infections. Topical azoles like luliconazole, sertaconazole, and terbinafine could be beneficial. A combination of oral and topical antifungal drugs is effective in patients with steroid-modified and difficult-to-treat tinea infections. Also, patient counselling and use of adjunctive therapies like antihistamines, retinoids, and moisturizers are essential for managing tinea infections.  

 
Role of diet in old age
Authors: Zaidi Zehra , Nazir Shehla , Nasir Abdul , Ahmad Minhaj
Published: December 2021

The average human life expectancy has increased in recent times, so there is more focus on aging, age-related disease, and geriatric care in society. Older malnourished adults are more likely to have poorer health outcomes, longer hospital stays, and increased mortality, so there is a need to provide a nutritious and healthy diet to the old age population.

Recent studies have shown that some medicinal herbs are effective in the intervention or prevention of aging-associated neurological disorders. Unani System of Medicine is one of the old traditional medicines in the world providing health care to humanity for centuries successively through natural safe, effective, and economic herbal medicine.

Diets recommended for the old age population have been highlighted in this article with special emphasis on the traditional diets mentioned in the USM for geriatric care. There is a need to explore USM for better care of old age population and to find out an effective, safe, and economic treatment for old age diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, etc.
Comparitive evaluation of different concentrations of alcohol in ultrasound guided coeliac plexus neurolysis for pain relief in upper abdominal malignancies
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Verma Pragya , Singh Sarita , Singh Gyan P , Verma Hemlata
Published: December 2021

Patients suffering from advanced upper abdominal malignancies have pain as predominant symptom affects their quality of life and survival. USG guided coeliac plexus neurolysis become benevolence in these patients on part of their pain management and quality of life improvement.

To compare the efficacy of USG guided coeliac plexus neurolysis for pain relief in upper abdominal malignancies by using different concentration of alcohol (50% vs 75%).

This Prospective, comparative, randomised double blinded study was conducted during Sep 2019 – Aug 2020 at our tertiary care centre. Total 60 cases were taken as per following inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into 2 groups i.e. 30 each group, we compare Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, quality of life (QOL) and need of rescue analgesia profile between the groups to know the efficacy of USG guided coeliac plexus block.

In our study, we observed that the baseline mean VAS score in group I was 8.26±0.78 while in group II was 8.03±0.76. No significant difference was found in mean VAS score at this time between the groups (p=0.24). The baseline mean QOL score in group-I was 77.46±3.40 while for the cases of group II the mean QOL score was 77.36±3.33. No significant difference was found in mean QOL score at baseline between the groups (p=0.90). The baseline mean morphine consumption in group-I was 113.33±39.24 mg while for the cases of group-II the mean morphine consumption was 120.33±38.37mg. No significant difference was found in mean morphine consumption at this time between the groups (p=0.48).

Both groups having 50% alcohol and 75% alcohol decreases the VAS score from baseline in patients having upper abdominal malignancies along with QOL and dosages of rescue analgesia whereas no significant difference in VAS score in patients of both groups.
Heparanase-1 is downregulated in chemoradiotherapy orbital rhabdomyosarcoma and relates with tumor growth as well as angiogenesis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China, Tang Wei-Qiang , Lin Jing ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
Published: December 2021

AIM: To determine the role of heparanase-1 (HPSE-1) in orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and to investigate the feasibility of HPSE-1 targeted therapy for RMS.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze HPSE-1 expression in 51 cases of orbital RMS patients (including 28 cases of embryonal RMS and 23 cases of alveolar RMS), among whom there were 27 treated and 24 untreated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. In vitro, studies were conducted to examine the effect of HPSE-1 silencing on RMS cell proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RD cells (an RMS cell line) and HUVECs were infected with HPSE-1 shRNA lentivirus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 and 30 separately. Real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of HPSE-1. Cell viability of treated or control RD cells was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Matrigel tube formation assay was used to evaluate the effect of HPSE-1 RNAi on the tube formation of HUVECs.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rate of HPSE-1 protein was 92.9% in orbital embryonal RMS and 91.3% in orbital alveolar RMS. Tissue from alveolar orbital RMS did not show relatively stronger staining than that from the embryonal orbital RMS. However, despite the types of RMS, comparing the cases treated chemoradiotherapy with those untreated, we have observed that chemoradiotherapy resulted in weaker staining in patients' tissues. The expression levels of HPSE-1 declined significantly in both the mRNA and protein levels in HPSE-1 shRNA transfected RD cells. The CCK-8 assay showed that lentivirus-mediated HPSE-1 silencing resulted in significantly reduced RD cells viability in vitro. Silencing HPSE-1 expression also inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation of HUVECs in Matrigel.
CONCLUSION: HPSE-1 silencing may be a promising therapy for the inhibition of orbital RMS progression.
Characteristics of macular microvasculature before and after idiopathic macular hole surgery
Authors:   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Cheng Dan , Yu Xue-Ting ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Chen Yi-Qi ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Shen Mei-Xiao ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Wu Min-Hui ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Yu Jia-Feng ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Lian Heng-Li ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Lu Zhe ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Shen Li-Jun ,   The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: December 2021

AIM: To evaluate the macular microvasculature before and after surgery for idiopathic macular hole (MH) and the association of preoperative vascular parameters with postoperative recovery of visual acuity and configuration.
METHODS: Twenty eyes from 20 patients with idiopathic MH were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained before, 2wk, 1, and 3mo after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Preoperative foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter and regional vessel density (VD) in both layers were compared according to the 3-month best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
RESULTS: The BCVA improved from 0.98±0.59 (logMAR, Snellen 20/200) preoperatively to 0.30±0.25 (Snellen 20/40) at 3mo postoperatively. The preoperative deep VD was smaller and the FAZ perimeter was larger in the 3-month BCVA<20/32 group (all P<0.05). A significant reduction was observed in FAZ parameters and all VDs 2wk postoperatively. Except for deep perifoveal VD, all VDs recovered only to their preoperative values. The postoperative FAZ parameters were lower during follow-up. Decreases in preoperative deep VDs were correlated with worse postoperative BCVA (Pearson's r=-0.667 and -0.619, respectively). A larger FAZ perimeter (Spearman's r=-0.524) and a lower deep perifoveal VD preoperatively (Pearson's r=0.486) were associated with lower healing stage.
CONCLUSION: The status of the deep vasculature may be an indicator of visual acuity in patients with a closed MH. Except for the deep perifoveal region, VD recovers only to preoperative levels.
Ophthalmic manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii species complex: a case series and review of the literature
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia, McCabe Grace A. , Goodwin Todd ,   James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; NQ Eye Foundation, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia, Johnson Douglas F. ,   Department of Infectious Disease, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia, Fok Anthony ,   Department of Neurology, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia, Campbell Thomas G. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia; NQ Eye Foundation, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
Published: December 2021

AIM: To report 4 cases of Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) species complex infection with diverse ophthalmic manifestations, and to review the literature to examine pathobiology of disease, classical ophthalmic presentations and outcomes, and treatment modalities for this emerging pathogen.
METHODS: Cases of C. gattii meningoencephalitis with ophthalmic manifestations were identified via chart review at two institutions in Australia and one institution in the mid-west region of the United States and are reported as a case series. Additionally, a MEDLINE literature review was conducted to identify all reported cases of C. gattii with ophthalmic manifestations from 1990-2020. Cases were reviewed and tabulated, together with our series of patients, in this report.
RESULTS: Four cases of C. gattii with ophthalmic manifestations are presented; three from Australia and one from the USA. A literature review identified a total of 331 cases of C. gattii with visual sequelae. The majority of cases occurred in immunocompetent individuals. Blurred vision and diplopia were the most common presenting symptoms, with papilloedema the most common sign, reported in 10%-50% of cases. Visual loss was reported in 10%-53% of cases, as compared to rates of visual loss of 1%-9% in C. neoformans infection. Elevated intracranial pressure, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fungal burden, and abnormal neurological exam at presentation correlated with poor visual outcomes. The mainstays of treatment are anti-fungal agents and aggressive management of intracranial hypertension with serial lumbar punctures. CSF diversion procedures should be considered for refractory cases. Acetazolamide and mannitol are associated with high complication rates, and adjuvant corticosteroids have demonstrated higher mortality rates; these treatments should be avoided.
CONCLUSION: Permanent visual loss represents a devastating yet potentially preventable sequelae of C. gattii infection. Intracranial hypertension needs to be recognised early and aggressively managed. Referral to an ophthalmologist/neuro-ophthalmologist in all cases of cryptococcal infection independent of visual symptoms at time of diagnosis is recommended.
Prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in urban and rural Chinese populations over 50 years old: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China, Du Yi-Fan , Zhang Yue ,   Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China, Bai Wei-Ling ,   Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China, Li Ru-Yue ,   Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China, Sun Run-Zhou ,   Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China, Wang Ning-Li ,   Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
Published: December 2021

AIM: To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020, and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China.
METHODS: By searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and CNKI, Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved, and the relevant characteristic data were extracted. Then, Stata v15SE software was used for Meta-analysis and heterogeneity test. According to the results of heterogeneity, the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data.
RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in this study, with a total of 111 434 cases. Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity. According to the random effect model, the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%, that in rural was 28.79%, and that in urban was 26.66%. The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cataract is high in China, and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage, so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.
Progress of clinical therapies for dry age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Research Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Rubner Rhianna , Valeria Canto-Soler M. ,   CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Research Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
Published: December 2021

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive blinding disease that currently affects millions of people worldwide with no successful treatment available. Significant research efforts are currently underway to develop therapies aimed at slowing the progression of this disease or, more notably, reversing it. Here the therapies which have reached clinical trial for treatment of dry AMD were reviewed. A thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov has led to a comprehensive collection of the most recent strategies being evaluated. This review also endeavors to assess the status and future directions of therapeutics for this debilitating condition.
Orientação Profissional e Vulnerabilidade Social na Escola Pública: Um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Da Silva Ana Virgínia Maria , Araújo Débora Magalhães , Da Silva Rafaela Brenda Araújo , Moraes Carolina Martins , Negreiros Fauston
Published: December 2021

O presente relato apresenta uma experiência de extensão universitária no desenvolvimento de um projeto interventivo de Orientação Profissional (OP) em contexto educacional, o qual contou com a participação de estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma instituição da Rede Pública Estadual. Partindo de uma perspectiva crítica, objetivou-se desenvolver ações formativas e de reflexão sobre os processos de OP e de construção de projeto de vida em uma escola pública em situação de vulnerabilidade social, com base na abordagem sócio- histórica da OP e na psicologia educacional. As intervenções ocorreram ao longo de dois semestres letivos e foram divididas em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu no processo de observação e construção de vínculos; a segunda ocorreu ao longo de cinco encontros e consistiu no desenvolvimento da orientação profissional. Percebeu-se a importância de um trabalho que leve em consideração as questões de diferenças sociais e como podem impactar a realidade de tal grupo. Ademais, o projeto auxiliou os estudantes para uma escolha profissional com maiores possibilidades, em que puderam se perceber como sujeitos que podem ocupar determinados espaços e profissões.
Conflito Trabalho-Família e Estratégias de Coping em Profissionais com e sem Filhos
Authors: Simon Roberta , Nunes Maiana Farias Oliveira , Cardozo Louisi
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre conflito trabalho-família (CTF), conflito família-trabalho (CFT) e as estratégias de coping, considerando as variáveis de ter ou não filhos e diferenças por sexo em 278 profissionais residentes na região sul do Brasil. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, uma escala de conflito trabalho-família e uma escala de coping ocupacional. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência e participaram 186 pessoas com filhos e 92 sem filhos. As análises de diferenças de média (teste t de Student e ANOVA) mostraram que pessoas com filhos apresentam maior CFT, em especial para as mulheres, e a estratégia de coping mais utilizada foi a de controle. As correlações entre os fenômenos foram, em sua maioria, não significativas. Ressalta-se a importância de compreender e discutir os padrões de conflitos vivenciados e as estratégias de coping utilizadas por homens e mulheres em diferentes configurações familiares (com e sem filhos).
Estresse e bem/mal-estar Subjetivo em Estudantes Universitários: Um Modelo Explicativo
Authors: Freires Leogildo Alves , Monteiro Renan Pereira , Gouveia Elisa Tavares Rios , Yabe Juliana Gomes , Loureto Gleidson Diego Lopes , Fernandes Sheyla Christine Santos
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo objetivou investigar o poder preditivo do cotidiano universitário estressante e do estresse (i.e., acadêmico e percebido) frente ao bem/mal-estar subjetivo em universitários, propondo e testando um modelo explicativo. Para tanto, contou-se com a participação de 306 universitários (Midade = 22,7; 68,3% mulheres) que responderam as escalas de Bem-Estar Subjetivo, Estresse Acadêmico e Percebido e o Questionário de Saúde Geral, além de perguntas sociodemográficas e sobre o cotidiano universitário. Os resultados indicaram a adequação de ajuste do modelo explicativo aos dados em que o cotidiano estressante (e.g., horas de sono durante a semana, horas de lazer/relacionamentos durante a semana e no fim) explicam o estresse (i.e., acadêmico e percebido) que, por sua vez, explica o bem-estar (i.e., afetos positivos e satisfação com a vida) e mal-estar psicológicos (i.e., desconforto psicológico e afetos negativos). Tais resultados corroboram a ideia de que o estresse impacta negativamente na saúde mental dos universitários. Em resumo, tais evidências apresentadas podem fomentar a elaboração de propostas interventivas voltadas à saúde mental dos universitários.
Patologias do Vazio e Abordagens Psicanalíticas para seu Tratamento: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Tagliapietra Ketlin Da Rosa , Villwock Carla Adriana da Silva , Salvador Eduarda Zorgi , Cardoso Nicolas De Oliveira
Published: December 2021

As patologias do vazio estão cada vez mais presentes na sociedade contemporânea, sendo necessário o conhecimento das estratégias interventivas que podem ser utilizadas com os pacientes que chegam aos consultórios dos psicoterapeutas. Sendo assim, este estudo objetivou identificar quais são as patologias comumente associadas ao vazio e quais as técnicas de abordagem psicanalíticas utilizadas para o tratamento desses pacientes no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa por meio de consulta a três bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e nos Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (Pepsic). Foram localizados inicialmente 1323 artigos, restando nove artigos após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os principais resultados sugerem que os quadros depressivos e os transtornos alimentares são associados ao vazio no Brasil. Observou-se que a literatura nacional carece de publicações que apresentem as técnicas de intervenção psicanalíticas utilizadas para o tratamento das patologias do vazio. Tais resultados são discutidos com literatura internacional que apresenta intervenções psicanalíticas para o tratamento de alguns dos quadros associados ao vazio. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos empíricos nacionais que apresentem as técnicas utilizadas na clínica do vazio.
“Moça Séria não é Estuprada”: Representações Sociais em Comentários Online
Authors: Dos Santos Tatiana , Zaneripe de Souza Nunes Rafael , Castro Amanda
Published: December 2021

Objetivou-se analisar as representações sociais do estupro contra a mulher em comentários de uma notícia online. Foram selecionados 100 comentários online, de 5 notícias, em uma plataforma nacional de jornalismo, de uma rede de comunicação via televisão e internet. O critério de seleção das notícias foi a ocorrência do fato em 2018 e a disponibilidade da notícia para qualquer leitor online, não apenas assinantes. Os comentários selecionados foram os que apresentavam mais de duas palavras para a compreensão de um contexto de sentido. Dentre os resultados encontrados é possível destacar que a representação do estupro compartilhada online apresenta a mulher como culpada por se expor à situações consideradas de risco. A mulher é vista como aquela que procura por sexo e que apresenta consciência das consequências dessa procura. Nessa perspectiva “moça séria” não deveria buscar sexo, frequentar festas e ingerir bebidas alcoólicas. Essa representação leva a mulher a culpar-se, limitar-se em suas ações, para então evitar o estupro. Assim é possível verificar que a representação do estupro contra mulher parece ser ancorada nas representações associadas à mulher e aos estereótipos de gênero.
Inclusão de Crianças com Autismo: Percepções de Professores
Authors: Weizenmann Luana Stela , Pezzi Fernanda Aparecida Szareski , Zanon Regina Basso , Bach Franciele Moser
Published: December 2021

No Brasil, o número de matrículas de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na escola comum é cada vez maior, sendo a inclusão escolar um direito, garantido em termos legais e na perspectiva dos direitos humanos. Entretanto, ter uma política nacional não garante que a inclusão escolar aconteça, sendo fundamental o conhecimento dos fatores que podem influenciar nesse processo em diferentes contextos culturais. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos professores diante da inclusão de crianças com TEA, considerando os desafios e as possibilidades desse processo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com delineamento exploratório e de caráter transversal. Participaram quatro professoras de anos iniciais do ensino fundamental que tinham algum aluno com TEA em sua sala de aula. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada e a análise foi qualitativa, através da análise temática. Verificou-se a melhora comportamental do aluno ao longo do processo de escolarização, bem como acolhimento por parte dos colegas, sendo a possibilidade de conviver com as diferenças um dos aspectos positivos do processo de inclusão escolar.
Envelhecimento e Velhice LGBT: Práticas e Perspectivas Biopsicossociais
Authors: Da Silva Alves Mateus Egilson
Published: December 2021

Objetiva-se por meio do trabalho apresentar as contribuições advindas da obra inédita: Envelhecimento e Velhice LGBT: práticas e perspectivas biopsicossociais. Diante desta trazer para o contexto nacional a compilação de importantes estudos em torno do debate dos aspectos biopsicossociais do envelhecimento e velhice de pessoas LGBT. Promovendo um novo patamar na literatura gerontológica nacional à estudantes, profissionais e a sociedade que não se pode ignorar.
Pragmatic Security-Aware Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Networks from Vampire Attacks
Authors: Phijik Battula , Rao Chakunta Venkata Guru
Published: December 2021

Wireless networks rely on ad hoc communication in an emergency, such as a search and rescue or military missions. WLAN, WiMAX, and Bluetooth are often used in Ad Hoc networks. Using a TCP/IP wireless network poses several challenges. Packet loss in 802.11 may be caused by noise or the network. TCP/IP connects non-adjacent layers of the network, resolving cross-layer communication technology for cross-layer communication. It regulates data transmission energy. This structure solves an issue in various ways. It is often used to improve data transfer. Currently, the OSI reference model's layers and functions are not explicitly connected. Only DCL can send multimedia data via wireless networks. The research employs CLD to improve wireless security—invasions of ad hoc networks (MANETs). The research helps secure wireless MANs (MANETs), Vampire Attack Defense (VAP) algorithms. A Secure Cross-Layer Design SCLD-AHN protocol is included. The paper contributes to controlling security attacks in wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET's). In MANETs effectiveness of Vampire Attack Defense (VAP) algorithms is evaluated and analyzed. It also proposes a Secure Cross-Layer Design for the ad hoc networks (SCLD-AHN) protocol.
Maintainance of personal documents of outstanding Ukrainians in the project and exhibition activity of the state regional archives of Ukraine
Authors: Kurchenko Tetiana
Published: December 2021

Archives play an important role in today’s society due to collecting, keeping, processing and popularizing the historical heritage of the Ukrainian people. Currently, attention is paid to promotion of “microhistory”, regional content of the archive funds, personification of history, which is a powerful educational tool that facilitates formation of the strong ties between the archive institutions and the local society. In the context of Ukraine’s growing independence amid the Russian hybrid aggression, it is utmost important to disclose and popularize the documented evidence of the prominent figures contributing to the Ukrainian statehood, the real gems in the Ukrainian science, education and culture who have inspired the citizens with their own examples of life hardships and creative achievements. This article is focused on popularizing the personal documents kept on file in the archives in the oblasts of Ukraine. It has been established that to raise awareness regarding the personal documents, the regional state archive institutions use both the traditional and the modern tool and methods, among which online exhibitions and inter-institutional projects rank first. The author of this article, having summarized the work experience of the Ukrainian state regional archive institutions in popularization of the personal documents of national and regional significance, concludes about relevance and efficiency of the project and exhibition activity for the abovementioned purpose. The author pays tribute to popularization of experience of the state regional archives of Ukraine by means of dissemination of the personal documents among the large archive community and employees of other media and social memory institutions
The Influence of Cultural Communication on Institutionalization: Libraries, Museums and Archives in Today's Media Space
Authors: Myna Zhanna
Published: December 2021

The study analyzes the impact of cultural communication on the institutionalization of changes in library, archival and museum affairs in a digital society. Cultural communication is shown as a process of interaction between the subjects of socio-cultural reality in order to transmit or exchange messages. It is emphasized that the media, as an attribute of modern communication, is one of the means of constructing socio-cultural reality. Institutionalization is defined as the process of identifying and consolidating certain norms, rules, statuses and roles and bringing them into a system that is able to adapt to new conditions, challenges, progress and act to meet societal needs. Innovative technologies in the activities of libraries, archives and museums are analyzed. The role of social networks in advertising and information representation of information institutions is considered. The positive and negative sides of mediatization processes are shown. It has been proved that the media carry out one of the most important tasks of preserving and transmitting cultural values to the masses, and the indicator of the maturity of society is the attitude to the monuments of history and culture
The influence of social networks on the transformation of the image of archives in the socio-cultural and information space
Authors: Paliienko Maryna
Published: December 2021

The newest tendencies in the development of social networks content related to the popularization and promotion of information about the activities of archival institutions are considered. The level of social activity of Ukrainian archival institutions in the information environment was also analyzed. Information and communicative, presentation, and educational functions of pages created by Ukrainian archives in social networks are characterized. The factors influencing the interaction with the Internet audience are pointed out. The influence of social networks on the dissemination of information about the activity and mission of archives, the perception and evolution of the image of archives in the socio-cultural and informational environment was also determined. The importance of archival information resources presentation on social media for promoting historical and cultural heritage as well as national values and state interests is underlined
Scientific and education project “Ukraine South” of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory
Authors: Yurchenko Olha
Published: December 2021

The article considers and analyzes the information activities of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory, the framework of the scientific-educational project “Ukrainian South” (2020-2021), dedicated to revealing little-known pages of the history of Southern Ukraine and refuting Russian imperial myths about this region. Within the framework of the project, historical information-analytical materials on this issue and information on the time of foundation of the southern Ukrainian cities of Dnipro, Mariupol, Pervomaisk, Ovidiopol, Odesa were prepared. With the support of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory, a collective monograph “Essays on the history of the development of southern Ukraine in the XV-XVIII centuries” was published in a circulation of 600 copies. The monograph reveals various aspects of the history of settlements in the southern region during this period and the mechanisms of symbolic appropriation of space used by the Russian Empire. In December 2020, the monograph was presented in Kyiv, Dnipro and Odesa (including online due to the spread of the coronavirus epidemic). A series of animated videos about the history of steppe Ukraine under the general name “South without myths” has been created. The series includes 5 videos: 1) “Ukrainian South. History of Bіlhorod-Dnistrovsky”; 2) “Ukrainian South. I am a Mazepa admirer”; 3) “Ukrainian south. Early history of Odesa”; 4) “Ukrainian south. The Nekrasov Cossacks”; 5) “Ukrainian South. Khan Ukraine’. The videos were released in January-February 2021.
The issue of digitizing of historical heritage on the example of selected historical clocks
Authors: Rybenská Klára
Published: December 2021

The digitization of cultural heritage is a topic that is currently being addressed by a large number of institutions around the world. Issues related to the digitization of historical objects and monuments focus not only on their protection, but also on the presentation of cultural heritage. These are addressed in memorial institutions, but also in universities, schools and, last but not least, in the public and the private sector. However, digitizing objects can present a number of problems. These range from the selection of objects for digitization, through to the selection of a suitable method or scanner. And then there’s the 3D digitization itself to the final modification of the model and its storage. All of this is even before consideration of the possibility of its publication, so it is understandable that it is a long and difficult path. The whole process often does not go without interfering with the digitization in a specific program designed for 3D modelling and hence the need to re-scan objects or their parts or indeed having to try more digitization methods on the object. Sometimes we can find out that 3D scanning for a given object is not a suitable method and try to solve the situation differently – from a mere photograph to photogrammetry or the use of a special RTI method of digitization. The aim therefore of the article is to describe the basic issues and possibilities of 3D digitization of selected smaller artefacts using the example of the digitization of historical clocks. It will also describe the possibilities of 3D digitization, which can serve not only to protect and save but also promote cultural heritage. Last but not least, the aim is to describe and evaluate the methods, procedures and the directly selected 3D tools intended for 3D digitization, which have proven themselves in scanning a selected collection of clocks, borrowed with the kind permission of the Náchod Museum.
BİR AKSİYON ADAMI OLARAK ABDULLAH AZZÂM VE CİHÂDÎ-SELEFÎ PERSPEKTİFİ
Authors: ÇAKMAK Fevzi , KUBAT Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Erken dönem dinî inanç ve uygulamaları esas alan bakış açısı veya erken dönem dinî söylem demek olan Selefiyye, tarihsel süreç içinde farklı formlara evrilmiş ve farklı isimlerle anılmıştır. Buna göre sahâbe, tâbiîn ve tebe-i tâbiînin inanç ve uygulamada benimsediği yolu sürdürenler için Selef-i Sâlîhîn kavramı kullanılırken; modern zamanlarda daha çok Selefîliğin aşırı bir tezâhürü olarak görülen Vehhâbîlik bünyesinde ortaya çıkan akımların ortak adı ise Neo-Selefîlik’tir. Neo-Selefî iki akımdan biri başlangıçtaki militer özelliğini zamanla kaybederek Suûdi Arabistan’ın resmî ideolojisi haline gelen Suûdî Selefîlik iken diğeri Cihâdî Selefîlik’tir. Muhammed b. Suûd tarafından kurulan ve Suûdi Arabistan’ın devletleşme sürecinde önemli bir rol oynayan İhvân teşkilatının lağvedilmesinden sonra bir süre pasivize olan ancak 1979’da Cüheymân el-Uteybî’nin liderliğinde gerçekleştirilen Kâbe baskınıyla yeniden aktif hale gelen hareket ile Afganistan’ın Sovyet işgalinden kurtarılmasına yaptığı katkılarıyla tanınan Filistinli akademisyen Abdullah Azzâm’ın aynı kaynaklardan beslenen hareketi, Cihâdî Selefî oluşumlar olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu makalede öncelikle hayatının erken bir döneminde İhvân-ı Müslimîn saflarına katılarak Filistin direnişinin içinde yer alan, ardından Afgan direnişine katılarak faaliyetleri ve cihâd hakkında kaleme eserler aracılıyla Cihâdî Selefîliğin teşekkül sürecinde krıtik bir rol oynayan Azzâm’ın hayat öyküsünden bahsedilecek, ardından geliştirilip sistemleştirdiği Cihâdî Selefî perspektif tasvir ve analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır.