bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Material Subjects, Immaterial Bodies: Abhinavagupta’s Panentheist Matter
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai
Published: January 2018

This chapter reflects on old instantiantions of new materialisms, to be precise, within the so-far untapped resources of medieval India. Drawing from the eleventh-century Kashmiri Tantric philosopher Abhinavagupta’s philosophy, this paper articulates a new materialist reading of the consciousness-matter entanglement implicit in Abhinavagupta’s nondualist reworking of cosmology. Particularly, here Abhinavagupta’s panentheist theories of the entanglement of consciousness and matter, as a relational articulation of subject and object, are paired in tandem with Karen Barad’s use of quantum theory. With this, this chapter nudges us towards a reconsideration of the nature of the body itself. Not simply inert matter, the body’s parameters shift in this formulation to afford the status of “body” with a mutuality of matter and consciousness; a “material-discursive” occurrence, an entanglement perhaps most striking in its rendition as “subtle body” (sūkṣma śarīra, puryaṣṭaka).
Grace in Intra-action: Complementarity and the Noncircular Gift
Authors: Rowe Terra S.
Published: January 2018

Commonly, grace is defined as a free gift—in opposition to exchange. Key perspectives in twentieth century Gift theory link this particularly Protestant concept of grace with the individualism and commodification that a fossil fuel addicted capitalism depends on. It also remains unclear how this concept of grace can relate to an intra-actively exchangist world except by interruption or annihilation. This essay argues that while the ideal gift, free of exchange, must be challenged, space for uncapitalized returns and even losses in our gift-investments must be preserved. This particular tide grace as a non-circular gift can resist. Consequently, what are commonly held to be competing and incompatible concepts—unconditional grace and the exchangist, intra-active universe—are actually complementary disruptions of key economic practices contributing to climate change.
“The Place of Multiple Meanings”: The Dragon Daughter Rereads the Lotus Sutra
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the Lotus Sutra, a 2,000-year-old sutra recognized by the Chinese Buddhist master Zhi Yi as the ultimate teaching of the Tiantai lineage. Lotus Sutra announces the true dharma of compassion to all sentient beings, as distinguished from the inferior dharma of mere personal liberation. The compassion is boundless, infinite, encompassing all beings, all worlds, in their fathomless multiplicity. The Buddha of Lotus Sutra declares the Dharma of Innumerable Meanings. The chapter shows that the means of Lotus Sutra epitomize entangled difference: the buddhas “know that nothing exists independently/And that buddha-seeds arise interdependently.” It also considers how these far-flung intercarnations give rise to some unexpectedly current entanglements.
The Queer Multiplicity of Becoming
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers the relationship between the Christian, sexual, nationalized, and anthropocentric exceptionalisms. It argues that gender does not get superseded by sex, or feminist by queer, in practice, in theory or in theology. Instead of supersession there appears a multiplicity of becomings, multiplicities of multiples happening in a nonlinear movement whose events of becoming, massively iterative even in their novelties, do not cease to entangle each other. The chapter explains how Christian exceptionalism could sanctify a new model of imperial sovereignty, one that could be retroactively interpreted as the political theology at work in all modern Western powers. It also examines how our entanglement in each other and in the planet is repressed by exceptionalism and how queer theory may collude in the human exceptionalism when it deploys a careless rhetoric of “denaturalization.”
Introduction
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

In April 1861, newly elected president Abraham Lincoln found himself in a precarious situation. Although he had won the presidency in the November elections, his victory was by no means a mandate from the people for the Republican Party platform. The nation was perilously divided. Winning less than half the popular vote in 1860, the tall, gaunt lawyer from Illinois looked on as his nation teetered on the brink of civil war. To keep the nation together, the new commander in chief drew support from a rather tenuous alliance of political rivals openly divided in their opinions about the actions of their southern brethren. The attack on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina, however, galvanized public opinion throughout the north and fostered, at least momentarily, a powerful wartime alliance between Republicans and Democrats that allowed Lincoln to carry out a war to preserve the Union. As Federal troops lowered the Stars and Stripes in surrender from the ramparts of the bastion in Charleston Harbor, banners were hoisted in towns and cities across the North as men of all ages, ethnicities, classes, and backgrounds rushed to the defense of their flag and their nation....
Pursuing Social Justice in the Academy and Higher Education
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

In the years leading to Furfey’s retirement, he adapted his vision for the sociology department at CUA to make broader claims about the social justice mission for Catholic higher education. He continued to model how to marshal university resources for the common good in his own department. Into the 1950’s and 1960’s, Furfey shifted the emphasis in his writing and activism back to science and philosophy without abandoning his theological commitments. While personalism was still the hallmark of Furfey’s and his associates’ community activism at Fides House, the shape of their work changed over time as the operation expanded. Fides House enjoyed tremendous success. Within a decade, their work became more technical and they moved into increasingly larger quarters to serve increasing numbers of people. Furfey returned to empirical sociology on juvenile delinquency and, in his theoretical work, he adjusted his rhetoric to reach a broader audience by adopting a more conciliatory tone. He published his magnum opus Scope and Method of Sociology (1953). As he approached retirement, Furfey vowed to redouble his personal contributions to social justice activism by living in solidarity with the marginalized in his neighborhood.
Recapitulating the Just Society in a Word: “Love. Just Love.”
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

In the last two decades of his life, Furfey continued to promote social change through spirituality, scholarship, and activism. He performed empirical sociological research, reflected on those findings through the lens of Catholic social teaching and ethics, and he advocated peace, racial justice and economic equality. Here, as he also reflected on his lifelong commitment to social justice from within the Christian tradition, Furfey became increasingly explicit and specific in articulating the necessary role of the Christian intellectual in bringing about social change by identifying and raising awareness about social problems as well as charting a way to redress those problems. In that respect, he reframed his longstanding argument that personalism and social legislation must go hand-in-hand. Drawing on liberation theologians’ insights, he began to talk in terms of the need for foundational structural change through nonviolent direct action. Prayer, in the form of contemplation, remained at the center of the Furfey’s technique for social reform. Indeed, as he approached the end of his life, he summarized his quest for social transformation in a single word, love.
2017/50 Limits on free speech that may defame an employer (CZ)
Authors: Diblíková Anna
Published: January 2018

2017/50 Limits on free speech that may defame an employer (CZ)

The Czech Supreme Court has given guidance on the limits to employees’ free speech. Employees must not engage in any conduct, even outside working hours, that could actually or potentially damage their employer’s business. Any criticism of an employer must be based on facts and not be misleading or defamatory. Inappropriate or unjustified criticism may lead to immediate termination of employment.
Medieval literature in SFL: adapted version of the Libro de los gatos (14th century)
Authors: Doñas Beleña Antonio
Published: January 2018

Proposal of an activity for a SFL class based on the Libro de los gatos, Castilian collection of fables composed in the 15th century and derived from Odo of Cheriton’s Fabulae, written in Latin one century earlier. The original Castilian text is briefly presented and some activities linked to the reading of the text are described. Finally six adapted fables (level B2) are published alongside the original Castilian version.
Què ensenyem quan impartim classes de llengua estrangera?
Authors: Springer Bern
Published: January 2018

Este artículo analiza la cuestión de qué significa enseñar una lengua extranjera, planteando un recorrido por la historia de la filosofía del lenguaje y la lingüística en sus relaciones con una L2. La lengua materna determina nuestro acceso al mundo, fenómeno que no puede dejar de tenerse en cuenta en un tiempo que parece haber apostado por el inglés como lengua franca para el acceso a las ciencias y otras disciplinas. El texto recoge diferentes ejemplos de esta hipótesis para apostar por el multilingüismo desde el que el ser humano accede a la realidad y valorarlo como riqueza que jamás debe olvidarse en la enseñanza de la L2.
Més de gramàtica, més que gramàtica. De lingüística cognitiva i ensenyament d'ELE
Authors: Alhmoud Zeina , Castañeda Castro Alejandro
Published: January 2018

La preponderancia en lingüística, sobre todo en la última parte del siglo XX, de los modelos de orientación chomskiana ha dado lugar a una disociación nada conveniente entre las prioridades de la descripción y explicación lingüísticas de cuño formalista y las necesidades propias de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, sobre todo las que se relacionan con los modelos didácticos de corte comunicativo y los derivados de ellos. Este artículo aborda algunas reflexiones de las que se desprenden algunas conclusiones relacionadas con la orientación que puede adoptar la enseñanza de contenidos gramaticales en el aula de ELE si adoptamos el punto de vista característico de la LG en general y de la GC en particular.
Radionegative Low Grade Chondrosarcoma in Distal Third of Femur. Case Study
Authors: Karpik Marta , Reszeć Joanna
Published: January 2018

We present the case of a 43-year-old patient with a radionegative tumor of the distal third of the femur. Work-up following a knee injury without any abnormalities on x-ray was extended to include an MRI study, which revealed an osteolytic lesion in the distal third of the femur. Extended work-up including an open biopsy identified a low-grade chondrosarcoma. Considering the patient’s clinical status and the diagnostic findings, tumour resection and placement of a resection knee endoprosthesis appeared to be the best solution. The clinical outcome was good.
The Missouri Crisis and the “Changed Object” of the American Colonization Society
Authors: Wood Nicholas P.
Published: January 2018

Nicholas Wood traces the effect of the Missouri Crisis on the American Colonization Society’s efforts to gain support from the federal government. Like Ericson, Wood highlights the desire of ACS leaders to gain government support, and he traces their initial success in that endeavour before examining how the relationship changed as a result of the situation in Missouri. According to Wood, the ACS program became increasingly controversial in the 1820s and 1830s, leading Congress to reject the society’s appeals for greater aid. He concludes that the Missouri Crisis played a large role in destroying the cross-sectional trust that would have been essential for a federal colonization program to pass.
The American Colonization Society and the Civil War
Authors: Page Sebastian N.
Published: January 2018

Page calls for a new assessment of the American Colonization Society by shifting the focus from the often-discussed Early Republic and Antebellum years to the period of the U.S. Civil War. This period is important because it covers the time in which an essentially northern-managed society suffered an abrupt severance from its associates in the South while the federal government enacted emancipation, recognized Liberia as an independent nation, and finally officially endorsed colonization. The society’s efforts during the Civil War reveal a great deal about its leaders’ understanding of their mission as well as the government’s relationship with colonization.
The Cape Mesurado Contract
Authors: Burin Eric
Published: January 2018

Burin takes on the notion that colonization was a pipedream that allowed its supporters to sidestep the dilemmas that sprung from the existence of slavery and racism by looking at how the movement’s supporters transformed their ideas into action. He maintains that colonization was more than a form of escapism and that supporters of Liberia shaped society in significant ways. Perhaps most significantly, they converted their notions about colonization into the founding of Liberia, which started out as a colony but became a nation. As one of the world’s first black republics, it profoundly affected debates over slavery, freedom, and race. Significantly, this nation still exists and influences the world today.
Introduction
Authors: Mason Robert , Morgan Iwan
Published: January 2018

In outlining the goals of the volume as a whole, this introductory chapter sets out the concept of the liberal consensus as a paradigm to understand American politics and society during the postwar years. Most influentially defined by Godfrey Hodgson in his 1976 book America In Our Time, the term has been employed (if in contrasting ways) by many historians of the United States. In recent years, historians have increasingly questioned the extent to which consensus characterized America during this period. Taking on different themes, the essays in the volume seek to reconsider the paradigm’s utility.
Revisiting the Liberal Consensus
Authors: Hodgson Godfrey
Published: January 2018

This chapter offers reflections by Godfrey Hodgson on “the ideology of the liberal consensus” forty years after he influentially discussed the concept in America In Our Time (1976). Acknowledging that “this was a schematic and over-simplified idea,” the chapter nevertheless outlines connections between consensus thinking and a dominant postwar establishment. It also explores how the shortcomings of consensus thinking fostered its decline in the 1960s.
The 1930s Roots of the Postwar “Consensus”
Authors: Wall Wendy L.
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that the postwar decades were characterized less by a fixedconsensus about American political values than by widespread agreement about the needfor such a consensus. It then suggests that the roots of this consensus culture can be found in the turbulent years that preceded U.S. entry into World War II. During this period, diverse American elites worried that fascism and communism constituted a threat to the United States not only abroad but also at home. They were also concerned about the effects of disunity on democratic political culture. As a consequence, these elites came to believe that Americans needed to emphasize their shared political values in order to avoid the social unrest that had ravaged other lands, but did not always agree on the nature of those shared values.
Containment
Authors: Preston Andrew
Published: January 2018

Assessing the application of the liberal consensus idea to postwar foreign policy, this chapter contends that myths about the bipartisan spirit of U.S. foreign policy have too long found ready acceptance from historians. Politics did not stop at the water’s edge, even when bipartisanship was at its supposed zenith during World War II and the early Cold War. While there was unanimity during the post-war era that the growth of international communism was a threat to U.S. interests, this did not mean that foreign policy was free of political conflict, and partisan charges that the government of the day was losing the Cold War were commonplace. Meanwhile, non-elite opinion evinced little support for confrontation with the main Communist powers, reluctance to engage in another land war like Korea, and concern about survival in the nuclear era. The divisiveness wrought by Vietnam was supposed to have brought an end to the “Cold War consensus,” but uncertainty over its meaning was evident well before this.
“We Have Run Out of Poor People”
Authors: Bell Jonathan
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines how the changing concept of liberalism within the Democratic party ultimately contributed to the erosion of consensus; it contends that the challenge to consensus from the left was as significant as the one from the right in changing the character of American politics. Liberals increasingly chafed throughout the second half of the 1950s at the Democratic party’s limited agenda of maintaining rather than expanding the New Deal legacy, managing prosperity, and containing communism.In their view, this embodied a centrist strategy aimed simply to hold the diverse elements of the Democratic coalition together rather than address a changing America and its needs.As the 1960s dawned, these progressive Democrats reconfigured liberalism around questions of social rights and identity politics that could not be accommodated within the confines of consensus. In parallel with similar developments within the GOP, Democratic factionalism did much to undermine the ideology of the liberal consensus.
Memories of the Movement
Authors: Lewis George
Published: January 2018

This chapter contrasts the 1963 March on Washington with its 1983 commemoration event held in the anti-statist Reagan era. In the former, a succession of civil rights activists decried the assumptions of the liberal consensus about the resolution of racial problems. By contrast, in the latter, African American leaders and their supporters called on government to reengage with the postwar commitment to expanding employment opportunities and improving living standards for all Americans.
Defending the Home against the Chaos of Communism
Authors: Manley Elizabeth S.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 2 charts the activism of the cadre of elite Dominican women from the granting of suffrage through the end of the Trujillo dictatorship, examines their national and international efforts, and addresses the shifts of feminine leadership that began after suffrage given the difficult compromises confronted under the harsh rules of dictatorship. On the one hand women continued their activism within the inter-American arena, while on the other they worked to create new clubs and groups that linked the international component with the local rhetoric of democratization and anti-communism. The chapter argues that female participation continued to be central to the functioning of the regime’s international reputation and domestic welfare programs, but that this same involvement would also serve as a catalyst for many other women to challenge the deployment of this maternalist vision and subsequently join the resistance movement.
First to Liberate Women’s Lib
Authors: Manley Elizabeth S.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 5 addresses the role of women in the formal politics of the twelve-year rule of Joaquín Balaguer (1966-1978). It looks specifically to the efforts of the all-women governors appointed by the leader in 1966 and follows their efforts through the period to serve as the “vehicles of conciliation” and mediators between local and national politics. It argues that these female governors used their leverage with the regime to obtain resources for their constituents and recognition for themselves but also engaged international activism to create networks of involved and politicized women. Finally, the chapter demonstrates how the regime ushered an unprecedented number of women into the political arena as purported agents of peace and conciliation even while it promoted a highly conservative, maternalist, and Cold War fear-mongering model of female participation.
Marriage Matsigenka Style
Authors: Rosengren Dan
Published: January 2018

Rosengren critiques Lévi-Strauss’s (1969) formalized analytical models by targeting the way his structural model of reciprocal exchange does not correspond to Matsigenka palpable reality. Rosengren calls for scholars to move on from Lévi-Strauss’s grand design and describe “people as intentional subjects situated in the everyday world of their own experience.” He concludes that Matsigenka rules are less a normative system that governs people’s behavior and more a discursive convention. For instance, people who are mutually attracted define each other as cross-cousins. Sometimes Matsigenka marry their cross-cousins, but that is more a consequence of them coming into contact with one another more frequently, than obedience to the rule that the Matsigenka marry their cross-cousins. The implication of his work is that the cross-cousin exchange rules may be shorthand for approximating the unintentional patterns that arise from strategies informed by residence preferences.
Beyond the Norms
Authors: Monterrey Nalúa Rosa Silva
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the norms that lead to qualifying marriage as permitted versus “incestuous” (incorrect or prohibited) in the Ye’kwana marriage system. The Ye’kwana live in lowland South America/Amazonia, have a Dravidian kinship system, and a very high proportion of incestuous marriages. This chapter works with a rich data base; 200 marriages drawn from 2,366 people of whom 820 marriages were registered. The material collected by Silva Monterrey, together with that collected by de Barandiarán in the 1950s, shows that over a quarter of marriages were incestuous and that this pattern is old. Moreover, variations in the frequency of incestuous marriages cannot be explained as a consequence of demographic changes. One could not hope for a firmer demonstration of the importance of looking beyond the formal rules of marriage and exploring actual behaviour. Silva Monterrey throws down the challenge and asks, why do the Ye’kwana apparently commit marital incest with such astounding frequency?
Why Do the Ye’kwana Commit Incest So Frequently?
Authors: Valentine Paul
Published: January 2018

Based on Silvia Monterrey’s extensive field data and ethnogrpahic literature on the Ye’kwana, Valentine argues that Monterrey overestimates the proportion of “out of order” marriages, and that although the Ye’kwana have a kinship terminology that articulates a clear set of norms, because each community wishes to retain its population, “wrong marriages” with the parallel cousin are a way to keep villagers from leaving the village. Upon their marriage, parallel cousins are immediately reclassified as cross-cousins. In addition, this chapter argues that there are certain oscillations in the social structure, and that structural and contingent factors account for why the Ye’kwana have “married in” and survived, rather than marrying out and dying out. Several other hypotheses are also suggested that could be tested with additional historical research and fieldwork.
Why Do Women Run Away?
Authors: Alès Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the way the Yanomami manipulate their kinship and marriage system. Alès demonstrates that the Yanomami do not use only genealogical relationships for the categorization of marriage practices, but rather select from a number of strategies in response to a set of structural variations in order to obtain a desired outcome. Nearly one-third of marriages are between classificatory brothers and sisters if the appropriate genealogical paths are taken, and not between classificatory husbands and wives. The Yanomami employ strategies that bend or break the rules while simultaneously maintaining their ideal conceptual model of the kinship and marriage structure. Alès’ description of parents deciding the relationship terms of their children’s possible spouses is one of many examples. She concludes that affinity is not determined mechanically from birth, but rather, one might say, affinity is “elective.”
Changes in Canela Marriage over 70 Years
Authors: Crocker William H.
Published: January 2018

Adding to his significant body of work on the Canela, Crocker focuses on recent and important changes that have taken place in regards to Canela marriage. His conclusions are based on his profound knowledge of the Canela together with new quantitative data collected specifically for this study. By the 1980s, the authority of the council of elders as expressed through the authority of the “uncles” over the marriages of their nephews and nieces had weakened considerably in contrast to the power they had been able to exert during the 1930s and 1940s. There have been few arranged marriages, an increase in “stolen” marriages, an increase in divorce in which children were involved, and a decline in the power of the set of close female relatives of the bride to vet the groom’s suitability. Moreover, the chapter describes the forces of globalization and acculturation that have contributed to the elders’ waning powers.
Negotiating Colonialism on the Southern Frontier of Spanish Yucatán
Authors: Kaeding Adam R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes Colonial Period (A.D. 1546-1750) and Early Mexican Republic Period (A.D. 1750-1847) settlement patterns as a product of individual negotiations. Data come from the Spanish colonization of the Maya in Mexico’s Yucatán peninsula. Investigations in Beneficios Altos, at the southern extent of Spanish administrative control, suggests that colonialism was negotiated between individual agents seeking to maximize their personal, family, and communal circumstances. Sometimes those agents to act in the interests of the Spanish (clearly laid out, regulated, and disseminated in the form of administrative policies and hierarchies). At other times agents resisted hegemonic pressure. The results of these negotiations are explored through settlement patterns and the documentary record of Beneficios Altos in this remote frontier region with its notoriously porous border. The negotiation strategy is traced into the Republic Period, after independence from Spanish colonialism.
The Romans in Britain
Authors: Hingley Richard
Published: January 2018

This chapter addresses the ways in which Roman colonization operated within the Roman Empire’s province of Britannia during the first century CE, and analyzes theoretical aproaches to colonialism, colonisation, Romanisation, and imperalism. Roman colonies were formally established settlements of Roman citizens and several existed in Britain. But Britain was also colonized through additional mechanisms, including large-scale migration, a substantial military presence, and an incorporative imperial culture. Questions about the extent to which the indigenous people became Romanized or retained native ways are explored, and the chapter questions how thoroughly indigenous frontier populations adopted colonists’ ideologies and material culture. The evidence suggests a wide range of different responses to colonial contact and control, issues that have been drawn upon by the British in their colonial activities over the past centuries.
Conclusions
Authors: Beaule Christine D.
Published: January 2018

The chapter outlines some key conclusions apparent from the collection of case studies in this edited volume, particularly regarding the highly variable, and sometimes minimal, impact of processes of colonialism on local or indigenous cultures. The argument briefly revisits other chapters’ conclusions about fluidity and variability in cross-cultural interaction. It ties this varability to modern conceptions of continuity and cultural change in ongoing struggles to reckon with the lasting impact of colonialism in modern nation states. And the chapter seeks to problematize archaeologists’ conceptual frameworks that employ key terms and data from prehistoric and historic, Western and non-Western case studies of colonialism. In doing so, it aims to extend the critique of archaeologies of colonialism beyond the regions, time periods, and cultural case studies included in this book.
“They Are Fit to Eat the Divel and Smoak His Mother”
Authors: Mann Rob
Published: January 2018

Smoking tobacco pipes was more than simply a leisure practice among labor class French Canadian voyageurs. Rather, smoking played an active role in the struggle over the terms and conditions of the fur trade workplace. White clay pipes were key material symbols of male French Canadian identity and were even celebrated in the voyaguer’s chansons—songs used to keep time as they paddled. Fur trade elites (the bourgeois), however, tended to link smoking with “laziness,” a powerful trope in capitalist discourse. This chapter examines the practice of smoking among the voyageurs and the role of clay pipes in mediating class tensions and reproducing French Canadian identity.
Uncovering the French on St. Croix
Authors: Hardy Meredith D.
Published: January 2018

This discusses presents and explores a seventeenth century colonial landscape of the island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. It identifies the potential for the presence of an archaeological record of the French colonial rule of the island, which can be initially identified through the development of a historical geographic information system (GIS) that ties together landscape features, modern geography, satellite and aerial imagery, historical maps and other archival records, and archaeological data. This GIS will assist researchers in understanding the movements and interactions of people across space and through time, changes in land use and development, and comprehending how those they are studying conceptualized and organized their own worlds.
Address to the Hemingway Society Congress
Authors: Ivancich Giacomo
Published: January 2018

Giacomo Ivancich is the brother of Adriana Ivancich, with whom Hemingway became infatuated in 1949. Ambassador Ivancich recalls Hemingway’s personality, their conversations, and reflects on the experience of knowing the great writer in Italy. Ivancich also corrects the misperception of his sister as a parasite, as a groupie, a hanger-on, etc.
Remembering Ernest Hemingway
Authors: Caumo Ruggero
Published: January 2018

Caumo, the former barman at Hemingway’s favourite watering hole, Harry’s Bar, in Venice, remembers what it was like to serve Hemingway. He reveals aspects of Hemingway’s behavior, attitude, and stature that only an intimate associate could share. Caumo also talks about Cipriani, his boss, and his history and relationship to Hemingway.
“I Was in Italy … and I Spoke Italian”
Authors: Schwetman John D.
Published: January 2018

Discussing A Farewell to Arms, Schwetman argues that the protagonist Frederic Henry’s situation results from a larger cultural shift from local, place-based group affiliations to an ethos of cosmopolitanism that, like the confusion behind Frederic’s uniform, destabilizes the nationalist dichotomy that serves as the basis for World War I. The chapter describes the historical reality in Italy behind local identification becoming more nationalistic or cosmopolitan. By focusing on the boundaries in the novel, Schwetman takes a historical, military, and geographical history and transposes it into a thematic crux.
“The Apotheosis of Edith”
Authors: Bradshaw Melissa
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on Cecil Beaton’s famous photographs of Edith, Osbert, and Sacheverell Sitwell. These photographs offer a summary of the ideological motivations for the Sitwells’ artistic activism in the 1920s, a visual representation of their most fervent beliefs about the role of art in British culture. The chapter acknowledges that they were motivated by the desire for publicity and that their many public battles had less to do with deeply felt principles than with opportunism and an eagerness to turn real or imagined slights into highly publicized feuds; however, it argues that Beaton’s 1927 photographs of the Sitwells are also evidence of their investment in a thoughtful reappraisal of British culture after the Great War and in a vigorous revision of the role of the aristocracy within that culture.
“Sunshades will usurp their space”
Authors: Pero Allan
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the place of clowns in the cultural production of Edith and Sacheverell Sitwell, and how clowns embody and generate “spaces of melancholy.” The psychology that characterizes their work is ultimately a spatial, even allegorical one, in which Pierrots and Harlequins produce nightmarish dreamscapes, theatricalized temporalities, and extended sojourns among ruins—which Pero describes as melancholic camp.In considering camp from a psychoanalytic perspective, Pero argues that spaces like the sublime and the façade work to offer forms of encounter that are governed not by the superego, but by the ego. An ego-driven experience of the sublime makes it possible to transform sublimity, turning its terrifying disinterestedness in the human subject into a form of enjoyment. The “campian sublime” engages the sublime by making it a subject, by treating it as a riddle as “an enigma to be dissolved” rather than solved. The Sitwells’ melancholic camp is both historical and theatrical; the texts consider historical trauma as a form of theatricality and that a fidelity to decaying, neglected forms, such as the clowns of commedia dell’arte, open up what Sacheverell Sitwell, in a Benjaminian move, sees as the possibility of redemption in modernity.
From the Earth to the Moon, via Berlin
Authors: Buss Jared S.
Published: January 2018

This chapter follows Ley during his early twenties, when he became an intermediary between specialized experts and the general public. Ley constructed his persona as a freelance writer and journalist, who could translate complex concepts for a broader audience in Weimar Germany. This chapter explores Ley’s entrance into rocketry clubs, amateur science, and circles of journalists during Weimar’s rocketry fad. It concludes with an analysis of his role in the ground breaking science fiction film, Woman in the Moon (1929).
Metonymy, Gifre, Grædig, and a Devouring-the-Dead Theme
Authors: Maring Heather
Published: January 2018

Chapter 2 describes how Anglo-Saxon poets made use of the metonymy of traditional phraseology and oral-connected themes (multiforms) by exploring the “devouring-the-dead” theme in Beowulf, Soul and Body
I, and Soul and Body
II. The “devouring-the-dead” theme, first proposed here, depicts a ravenous agent destroying a dead body. Due to its subject matter, the theme commonly draws on the half-line collocation grædig ond gifre (“greedy and devouring”), which also arises independently of the theme. The collocation and the “devouring-the-dead” theme are written oral idioms that make use of the metonymic referentiality of oral-traditional signs for both utilitarian and aesthetic purposes.
Codifying Power, Challenging the Law
Authors: Curry Christopher
Published: January 2018

“Codifying Power, Challenging the Law” focuses on the ongoing political battles that emerged in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries between black loyalists and the white mercantile elite. The central argument advanced is that despite gaining freedom from bondage, a series of legislative Acts passed between 1795 and 1817 challenged the efforts of black loyalists to enjoy the kind of civil liberties that they anticipated receiving as loyal subjects of the British Empire. Black loyalists did not remain quiescent. Rather, their efforts to achieve civil liberties remained a constant source of friction that was contested by black loyalist leaders in various public spaces. In this respect black loyalist evangelicals provided tangible support for their congregants, often witnessing land transactions, funding manumission efforts, and administering wills and testaments in order to safeguard the property of their members.
Conclusion
Authors: Curry Christopher
Published: January 2018

The conclusion covers the events that embroiled black loyalists during the period from 1784–1834. It highlights the continuous struggles that black loyalists faced, particularly with the arrival of white evangelicals associated with the Baptist Missionary Society in the 1830s. The author also argues that much of the religious and social life of black Bahamians is influenced by the early contributions that black loyalists made as institution builders. He also advances the need for complicating how we study black communities throughout the loyalist diaspora. Attention needs to be given to both intra-racial and inter-racial discord in ways that move beyond heroic narratives.
A Curious Peril
Authors: Vetter Lara
Published: January 2018

When World War II appeared imminent, the modernist writer known as H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) declined offers of refuge and chose to remain in London. As devastating as this noncombatant experience was, as a Londoner during the Great War H.D. had learned how prolific she could be during periods of war. A Curious Peril attends to the critically ignored fiction and nonfiction she penned in the aftermath of the Second World War, arguing that our neglect of the narrative prose of this period of her career has bolstered an incomplete portrait of her oeuvre. Though H.D. is not typically considered a “political” thinker, this postwar work brings her interest in the otherworldly to bear on the material, political world—the world of imperialism, nationalism, and perpetual war. Abandoning for a short period the ancient classical settings for which she is best known, H.D. is seemingly impelled by the experiences of the early 1940s to produce a spate of writings in which the history of modern Europe takes center stage, writings that are molded into and by innovative and hybrid forms and genres that ultimately critique the ethical paradigms that had guided her before the war. Her postwar work marks a definitive shift from the modernist to the late modernist, gesturing at crucial points to the postmodern. As such, this experimental body of work—born in the trauma of world war, composed by a writer with acutely ambivalent national ties—constitutes a vital case study for current theorizing of late modernism.
Märchen and Historical Fiction
Authors: Vetter Lara
Published: January 2018

Chapter 3 examines the second half of The Sword Went Out to Sea. This chapter looks at how H.D. combines fairy tale and historical fiction to create the fragmentary vignettes that comprise Part II of the novel. In the second half of Sword, the narrative spins out centrifugally into vignettes that record the history of Britain by focusing on scenes of war and imperialism from the ancient world to the Renaissance. In these vignettes, history is a seemingly endless series of one nation conquering and colonizing another. The unresolvable fracture of narrative form recreates the experience of war, in effect traumatizing her readers. Moreover, by constructing a text of generic hybridity that deconstructs the myriad genres it deploys, she demonstrates the fictionality of nationhood and the impossibility of its representation.
The Invisible Other
Authors: Vetter Lara
Published: January 2018

Chapter 8 turns to the figure of the spy, a recurrent trope of her 1956 novel Magic Mirror and the accompanying memoir Compassionate Friendship. If the “other woman” is predicated on a position of alterity, the therapist-spy feigns an identification—and an empathetic connection—that does not in fact exist. At the level of the private sphere, H.D. uses espionage as a mode of critiquing Freudian psychoanalysis, offering in its stead the short-lived existential psychology, a movement which grew out of the trauma of World War II and emphasized an empathetic rather than transferential model of therapy. Shifting outward to the public sphere, her analysis of the figure of the spy becomes an examination of the politics of nationalism.
A Bone to Pick
Authors: Boix Carles , Rosenbluth Frances
Published: January 2018

The frameworks of modern economics demonstrate how stature and sexual dimorphism can be used to model inequality among human populations. The authors synthesize a wide range of data from archaeological and historic contexts to characterize stature variation during the Neolithic and the Industrial revolutions. First, they find that the shift from foraging to farming widely introduced inequalities significant enough to affect the distribution of health and stature and was fundamentally linked to the invention of coercive sociopolitical mechanisms. Second, a rise in sexual dimorphism that accompanies intensive agriculture and may often reflect both a society’s more efficient allocation of nutrition and a drop in female bargaining power related to increased sexual division of labor and gendered inequalities. Third, political structures deeply shape nutritional outcomes. As economists, they engage a literature and measures of inequality that are foreign to most archaeologists. Aside from the substance of their findings, this chapter represents a valuable cross-disciplinary contribution.
Across a Spectrum of Inequality
Authors: Harrod Ryan P. , Martin Debra L. , Fields Misty
Published: January 2018

This chapter involves a comparison of skeletal stress markers, violence, and social inequality in two case studies drawn from hierarchically organized, ancestral Puebloan groups in the U.S. Southwest from the 7th to 13th centuries A.D. (Late Pueblo I through the early Pueblo III periods). The first case study involves the remains of two men from the Room 33 burial chamber at Pueblo Bonito. Employing a contextualized life history approach, Harrod and colleagues first argue that the funerary setting and skeletal remains of these two men independently indicate they were highly ranked elites and ceremonial leaders—not just at the social apex, but were among those organizing hierarchy. The second case study involves the skeletons of women from the La Plata river valley in the northern Colorado Plateau. These women were at the opposite end of the social spectrum, likely slaves captured through intergroup raiding. Their bodies revealed lives marred by abusive, socially sanctioned violence. In death, they were treated with a distinct lack of respect or reverence. The authors link such violence to ritualized activities that functioned as a kind of problem-solving strategy in times of environmental degradation within a marginal ecological setting.
Bioarchaeology and Social Complexity
Authors: Klaus Haagen D. , Cohen Mark Nathan , Danforth Marie Elaine , Harvey Amanda R.
Published: January 2018

The closing section of the volume contains commentary and considerations on the bioarchaeology of social complexity. The authors identify several broad themes and issues crosscutting the chapters and offer constructive critiques for future bioarchaeological studies of hierarchy, heterarchy, and other expressions of social organization in antiquity. These include observations on sampling design, paleoepidemiological comparisons of ancient biological stress markers, greater bioarchaeology–mortuary archaeology integration, interpretation in bioarchaeology, and the potential shortcomings of typological expectations of ancient human health.
“We’re Just Small Little Circles Inside One Big Huge Circle”
Authors: Tommie Danny , Bridenstine Stephen
Published: January 2018

The emic perspective as derived from experience within the upper tier of tribal government is rarely presented as academic discourse. This is likely as a direct result of the burden of commitments and workload inherent in such positions, as well as the specific objectives of the government itself. The following interview, from the perspective of someone with responsibility for oversight of the day-to-day operations of the THPO, therefore provides vital context for the role the THPO plays within the broader governmental structure of the Tribe.
On-Reservation Projects and the Tribal Historic Preservation Office’s Role within Tribal Government
Authors: Mullins Anne
Published: January 2018

The Seminole Tribe of Florida reservation system consists of five geographically dispersed parcels of land that are spread out across the length and breadth of South Florida. These lands, held in trust by the U.S. government, give the Seminole Tribe of Florida the unenviable distinction of being the most geographically dispersed of any federally recognized tribal entity residing in North America. The on-reservation project cultural-review process undertaken by the THPO is central to three of its four component sections: Tribal archaeology, collections, and archaeometry. Working closely with a group of local reservation-based cultural advisors (preservation review board), the on-reservation cultural-review process holistically encompasses both the tangible and intangible when considering a determination of effect under the Tribal Cultural Resources Ordinance. It is important to note that some tangible resources, like medicinal plants, move across the landscape. It is therefore vital that determinations represent the result of an ongoing dialogue with the community. Working at the reservation scale this is a possibility that might not be practically achievable at the state or national level.
Bringing the Ancestors Home
Authors: deBeaubien Domonique , Macuen Kate
Published: January 2018

The enactment of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is a powerful tool that in theory affords tribes greater opportunity to bring their ancestors home to rest. Implementation is a different issue. The bulk of the NAGPRA workload undertaken by the Tribe is completed by the THPO bioarchaeologist who works within the collections section. The bioarchaeologist provides an interface between individual institutions and the THPO by protecting the broader Tribal community from having to deal directly with an issue not culturally appropriate for discussion. Because of the subject matter, the bioarchaeologist must prepare information sufficient for the NAGPRA Committee while staying within culturally appropriate parameters to encourage input from the designated spiritual advisors within the Tribal community.
Early Black Atlantic Crossings
Authors: Valkeakari Tuire
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses Lawrence Hill’s The Book of Negroes, in which the diasporic ur-experience is expanded to cover post–Middle Passage migrations as well. Both a neo-slave narrative and a historical novel about Black Loyalist migrations, The Book of Negroes contributes to collective black diasporic memory by depicting the early African diaspora in the Western world from the perspective of an African-born woman, who is originally a freeborn Muslim. Hill’s fictional protagonist is a black diasporic subject who enters modernity on terms dictated by racializing white Others and must fashion her diasporic self out of various conflicting elements, which have to be reconciled within a single psyche. This chapter shows that “home,” in any imaginable sense, remains perpetually elusive for this racially and sexually subjugated female character once her diasporic predicament has been propelled into being. The hope embedded in The Book of Negroes lies, first, in the protagonist’s capacity to repeatedly assert her agency against the forces that oppress her and, second, in the connection (familiar to readers of antebellum slave narratives) between literacy, freedom, and the “autobiographical” abolitionist enterprise that Hill inscribes in the novel’s frame—an endeavor that metafictionally highlights the link between black diasporic memory and identity.