bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex hormone-dependent and -independent regulation of serum BAFF and TNF in cohorts of transgender and cisgender men and women
Authors: Tsatsanis Christos , Elenkov Angel , Leijonhufvud Irene , Vaporidi Katerina , Tivesten Åsa , Giwercman Aleksander
Published: January 2023

Background

The risk of inflammatory diseases is sex-dependent, but it remains unknown whether this is due to the impact of sex hormones or sex chromosomes. Transgender individuals represent a unique cohort for studying the relative influence of endocrine and chromosomal factors. Here we compared serum levels of B-cell activating-factor (BAFF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in transgender men (TM), transgender women (TW), cisgender women (CW) and cisgender men (CM).

Methods

BAFF and TNF were measured in the serum of 26 CW, 30 CM, 27 TM and 16 TW individuals. To determine the responsiveness of immune cells, TNF was measured in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated peripheral leukocytes.

Results

BAFF was higher in CF (998 pg/mL) and TW (973 pg/mL) compared to CM (551 pg/mL) (P < 0.0001) and TM (726 pg/mL) (P < 0.0001). No difference in BAFF levels was shown between subjects grouped according to the number of X chromosomes. TNF was higher in CM (174 pg/mL) than TW (2.3 pg/mL) (P = 0.027) and TM (27.4 pg/mL) (P = 0.028). LPS-induced TNF was higher in CM (2524 pg/mL) and TM (2078 pg/mL) than in CW (1332 pg/mL) (both P < 0.0001) and TW (1602 pg/mL) (both P = 0.009).

Discussion

Sex hormones and sex chromosomes have different impacts on cytokines involved in the sex-dependent inflammatory response. The concentration of BAFF and LPS-stimulated TNF secretion depended on sex hormone levels, whereas basal TNF was regulated by both sex hormone-dependent and -independent factors.
Long non-coding RNA MFSD4A-AS1 promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Chunhai , Wang Xiaomiao , Cui Can , Cui Hanwen , Zhu Baishu , Chen Anqi , Zhang Lu , Xin Jingwei , Fu Qingfeng , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Sun Hui
Published: January 2023

Lymphatic metastasis is the leading cause responsible for recurrence and progression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), where dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been extensively demonstrated to be implicated. However, the specific lymphatic node metastatsis-related lncRNAs remain not identified in PTC yet. Lymphatic node metastatsis-related lncRNA, MFSD4A-AS1, was explored in the PTC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas and our clinical samples. The roles of MFSD4A-AS1 in lymphatic metastasis were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to identify the potential targets and the underlying pathway of MFSD4A-AS1 in lymphatic metastasis of PTC. MFSD4A-AS1 was specifically upregulated in PTC tissues with lymphatic metastasis. Upregulating MFSD4A-AS1 promoted mesh formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and invasion and migration of PTC cells. Importantly and consistently, MFSD4A-AS1 promoted lymphatic metastasis of PTC cells in vivo by inducing the lymphangiogenic formation and enhancing the invasive capability of PTC cells. Mechanistic dissection further revealed that MFSD4A-AS1 functioned as competing endogenous RNA to sequester miR-30c-2-3p, miR-145-3p and miR-139-5p to disrupt the miRNA-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C, and further activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling by sponging miR-30c-2-3p that targeted TGFBR2 and USP15, both of which synergistically promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of PTC. Our results unravel novel dual mechanisms by which MFSD4A-AS1 promotes lymphatic metastasis of PTC, which will facilitate the development of anti-lymphatic metastatic therapeutic strategy in PTC.
Embedded heritage: the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in urban placemaking (case study: Tehran's citadel)
Authors: Rezaei Mahmud , Marzi Rojin , Shojaee Elham
Published: January 2023

As young, active, creative, and authentic people tend to outmigration from the historical contexts of downtown Tehran, the question in this paper has dealt with the ways of place-making through ICT. Hence, the article seeks to find an urban design solution to attract people to the inner parts of the cities. The primary purpose of this study is to enhance public events in the historic zone of Tehran's Citadel by using ICT. In spite of the potentials of the heritage areas in empowering social interactions and nightlife entertainments, many of the historic urban spaces have now fallen into disrepair and decrepitude. The importance of this research is in recreating the morphological, economic, social and historical aspects of vast and sensitive areas in Tehran and other similar cities. Therefore, by studying the evolution of urban fabrics in three historical periods, the physical, social, and historic-cultural features of these periods have been studied and assessed through 3D modeling and fabrication. Volumetric envelopes of historic monuments, some of which are now destroyed, are to be made and virtually displayed in the original location of the buildings by using lighting techniques. The result of this paper indicates that in addition to its instrumental role of digital documentation production, ICT may enhance historical urban sites and aid people in three main place aspects including the functional aspect (enhancing safety, nightlife, and social interaction), the perceptual aspect (enhancing the identity of the place) and the physical aspect (redesigning urban places).
Surgical Intervention in Patients Receiving Pediatric Palliative Care Services
Authors: Ellis Danielle I. , Nye Russell T. , Wolfe Joanne , Feudtner Chris
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Many patients receiving pediatric palliative care (PPC) present with surgically treatable problems. The role of surgery in the care of these patients, however, has not yet been defined. We conducted a cohort study of children receiving PPC to assess the incidence, type, and likely purpose of surgical interventions performed after the initiation of PPC.

METHODS

We performed a cohort analysis of surgical interventions performed on children enrolled in an ongoing, multicenter, prospective cohort study. Patients aged <30 years receiving PPC services were eligible for inclusion in the study. Analyses included descriptive and comparative statistics, as well as logistic regression models.

RESULTS

After initiation of PPC, 81.1% (n = 488) of patients had undergone at least 1 surgical intervention (range, 1–71) with a median of 4 interventions (interquartile range, 1–9). The most frequent surgical interventions were feeding tubes, endoscopic biopsy, tracheostomy, bone marrow biopsy, tunneled catheters, bronchoscopy, and chest tube placement, followed by sternum closure, abdominal closure, atrial and ventricular septal defect repairs, and heart transplantation. Children who underwent surgical interventions were statistically less likely to die while receiving PPC (29% vs 40%, P < .03).

CONCLUSIONS

Most children receiving PPC services undergo at least 1 surgical intervention, and many undergo numerous interventions. Undergoing intervention is not futile because surgical intervention is associated with longer survival. Various patient populations that are more likely, as well as less likely, to undergo surgical intervention warrant specific focus.
limite da utopia
Authors: Falcão Thiago , Marques Daniel , Mussa Ivan , Macedo Tarcízio
Published: January 2023

Este artigo parte da controvérsia sobre o Projeto de Lei do Senado n.º 383, que trata da regulamentação da atividade dos esports no Brasil. Analisamos as repercussões e a conversação acerca da hashtag #TodosContraPLS383, movimento de repúdio organizado no Twitter em novembro de 2019, com o intuito de compor um argumento que problematize: a) as relações entre a indústria de games e dimensões de governança; e b) de que forma o discurso neoliberal é assimilado por sujeitos dentro desta cultura. A partir de uma apropriação de inspirações etnográficas e utilizando o software ATLAS.ti para a coleta e compreensão dos dados, reconstruímos uma narrativa que discute a retórica antirregulação expondo a ideologia neoliberal que pode ser largamente identificada nos discursos a respeito da cultura gamer.
The level and distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in water of River Satluj Pakistan
Authors: Qazi A. A. , Ali M. , Latif M. , Naqvi S. A. A. , Jalbani S. , Jabeen F. , Iqbal R. , Farooq Z. , Hamidullah  , Malik K. , Naz A. , Hussain S. , Iqbal M. A. , Hakim A. , Tariq N. , Kausar T.
Published: January 2023

Abstract The study was aimed to identify different environmental factors (selected organochlorine pesticides) affecting the river water of Satluj. River Sutlej is about 1400 kilometers long and its water is extensively used for irrigation in Punjab, located both in India and Pakistan, which was also a reason of dispute between both countries for its water share. The study area was divided into four zones, Sulemanki Zone, Islam Zone, Mailsi Syphone Zone and Panjnad Zone. Liquid Liquid Extraction (LLE) technique was used for the collected water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) UV-Visible detector The current finding revealed that aldrin was not detected during summer period in water samples of SZ-1 (Sulemanki Barrage), SZ-2 and SZ-3 (Maisli Siphon) of the study area. Lindane and DDE were found more in the samples of sediments from the study area at SZ-4 ranging from 2.238-8.226 ppb and 4.234-6.876 ppb, respectively. Heaptachlor (in sediments) was found to be0.032-234 ppb only at SZ-4.Endosulfan concentrations in water (winter) at SZ-3 was 0.06 ppb and at SZ-4,it was 0.05 ppb; dieldrin in water (winter) at SZ-4 was 0.0314 ppb and heptachlor was detected at SZ-1 (0.0315 ppb) and SZ-2 (0.0310 ppb) in water during winter season, were reaching to the Maximum Concentrations Limits (MCL), while all other residues investigated were found below the MCLin all the compartments of the study area set by various agencies like WHO/FAO- Codex Alimenterious. Present findings revealed that although the organochlorine pesticides are banned for agricultural use in many countries, including Pakistan, their presence in various samples might be due to illegal use of these pesticides in the study area and its neighboring regions. The overall study area comprises of mainly urban, suburban and agricultural land being the largest cotton growing area of the country. There is a need to take serious steps to minimize water pollution caused by pesticides to achieve a healthy lifestyle.
EDUCAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES E PROFESSORAS DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Silva Joaklebio Alves da , Araújo Monica Lopes Folena
Published: January 2023

A pesquisa em tela estabeleceu enquanto objetivo identificar quais discussões têm sido mobilizadas no componente curricular Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais (ERER) durante o processo de formação inicial de professores/as de Ciências e Biologia na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). A caminhada metodológica se caracteriza como sendo de abordagem qualitativa guiada por um estudo de caso desenvolvido na UFRPE enquanto universidade pública federal pioneira do nordeste brasileiro cuja ERER foi institucionalizada enquanto componente obrigatório nos cursos de licenciatura. Os dados foram coletados por meio da análise documental de Planos de Ensino de Docentes-Formadores/as, entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com eles/as, como também, aplicação de questionários com licenciandos/as em Ciências Biológicas; e submetidos a análise de conteúdo através de sua triangulação. Enquanto principais resultados identificamos que as discussões mobilizadas no referido curso transitam por meio de conteúdos que organizamos nos seguintes eixos estruturantes dos estudos em torno da ERER: Formação das identidades brasileiras; Pluralidade étnica do Nordeste e de Pernambuco; Movimentos Sociais Negros e Indígenas e a Educação; Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais na contemporaneidade e, por fim, o eixo Conceitos da ERER. Portanto, consideramos que as discussões propostas nos momentos de estudo durante essa etapa da formação docente propiciam a fundamentação de uma Educação Étnico-Racial Crítica para o ensino de Ciências que se efetivará na prática docente no contexto da Educação Básica, algo que rompe com as práticas pedagógicas equivocadas que caminham em contramão da proposição de uma Educação em Ciências antirracista.
Marshalling a Splintered Society: Censorship, Publicity and Propaganda in South Africa During the Second World War
Authors: Monama F
Published: January 2023

This article examines several important aspects of state propaganda in South Africa during the Second World War, the country's participation in which was riddled by controversy. The wartime government of General J.C. Smuts lacked broad-based support and contested opposition which was shaped by Nazi influences. Latent South African socio-political friction surfaced, and anti-war violence ensued. In response, the Smuts administration adopted a multi-media publicity and propaganda campaign aimed at mobilising support for its war policy. The article focuses on subversive Nazi efforts within South Africa before and during the war, and on the impact of these on internal political divisions. These are significant because they formed the context for propaganda strategies formulated by the South African authorities. The article also analyses the ways in which the Smuts government deployed propaganda through its direction and censorship of radio, film and the print media, including the creation of a Bureau of Information. It argues that in the long run, state propaganda had limited effect and was ultimately a futile exercise as persistent realities, notably, racial prejudice, socio-economic privation and diverse political loyalties undermined the endeavour to achieve national cohesion and unity.
İklimsel tasarım bağlamında konut binalarında cephe tasarım parametrelerinin hassasiyet analizi
Authors: PARLAK ARSLAN Hilal , KOÇLAR ORAL Gül
Published: January 2023

Dünya nüfusunun ve sanayileşmenin hızla artmasıyla konut üretimi de hızla artmıştır. Çok sayıda ve yoğun biçimde üretilen konutların, bulundukları iklim bölgesinin özelliklerinin göz ardı edilerek tasarlanması ve kullanım sürecinde konfor koşullarını sağlama çabası, enerji ve çevre sorunlarının artmasında önemli etkenlerdir. Yerleşilen bölgenin iklim özellikleri düşünülerek yapılan iklimsel tasarım, binaların iklimle uyumlu ve enerji etkin olarak tasarlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. İklimsel tasarımda etkili olan parametreler başlıca; dış çevreye ilişkin iklimsel koşullar ile yer, yönlendiriliş durumu, bina formu, hacim organizasyonu, bina kabuğu (cephe), doğal havalandırma, doğal aydınlatma, güneş kontrolü gibi yapma çevreye ilişkin parametreler olarak ele alınmaktadır. Tasarıma ait veriler her zaman iklimsel tasarım parametrelerinin ideal şekilde uygulanmasına olanak vermeyebilir. Tasarım süreci çok sayıda kriterin gözetildiği yinelemeli bir süreçtir. Bu kriterler arasında seçim yapabilmek için, alternatiflerin tanımlanması ve eş zamanlı olarak analiz edilebilmesi için destek sistemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Konutlarda harcanan enerjinin büyük kısmı iç ve dış çevreyi birbirinden ayırması nedeniyle önemli bir tasarım parametresi olan konut cepheleri aracılığı ile olmaktadır. Bu açıdan bu çalışmada, daha az enerji harcayarak üretilen ve kullanılan binaların oluşturduğu kentlerde yaşayabilmek amacıyla, optimum cephe tasarım çözümlerini üretebilen karar destek sistemi modelinin oluşturulması için hassasiyet analizi aşamasının gerçekleştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir.
Ultrasonik destekli manyetik aşındırıcılarla işleme yönteminde işleme parametrelerinin tel erozyon ile işlenmiş Ti6Al4V alaşımının yüzey kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri
Authors: CELİK Mahmut , GÜRÜN Hakan , ÇAYDAŞ Ulaş , KÖKLÜ Uğur
Published: January 2023

Mühendislik uygulamalarında kullanılan bileşenlerin üstün mekanik özelliklere sahip olmasının yanı sıra sınırları önceden belirlenmiş geometrik ve boyutsal toleranslar ile yüzey kalitesi kıstaslarını da karşılaması gerekmektedir. Bu beklentilerin karşılanması için geleneksel imalat yöntemleri genelde yetersiz kalmaktadır. Özellikle talaşlı imalatla şekillendirilmesi zor malzemelerin işlenmesinde geleneksel olmayan imalat yöntemlerinin kullanılması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada özellikle havacılık uzay ve medikal gibi yüksek teknolojinin kullanıldığı alanlarda sıklıkla kullanılan Ti6Al4V alaşımı, elektro erozyonla işleme (EEİ) yöntemi aracılığıyla işlenmiş ve işlenen yüzeylerin yüzey kaliteleri manyetik aşındırıcılarla işleme (MAİ) yöntemiyle iyileştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, ultrasonik destek, işleme süresi, SiC aşındırıcı boyutu, devir sayısı ve manyetik alan miktarı parametrelerinin, yüzey pürüzlülüğü iyileşme oranı (YPİO) ve talaş kaldırma oranı (TKO) üzerindeki etkileri deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar varyans analizi yöntemi ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda yüzey kalitelerinin MAİ ve UDMAİ yöntemlerinde ortalama olarak sırasıyla %36 ve %57 oranlarında iyileştirildiği ve bu oranların uygun deney koşullarında sırasıyla %81 ve %90 değerlerine kadar yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan TKO değerleri MAİ ve UDMAİ yöntemleri için ortalama olarak sırasıyla 4,95 mg/min ve 5,74 mg/min olarak ölçülmüştür. MAİ ve UDMAİ yöntemleri karşılaştırıldığında ise ultrasonik desteğinin YPİO değerleri açısından ortalama % 58, TKO açısından ortalama % 15 oranında olumlu etki yaptığı tespit edilmiştir.
Atmosferik basınç plazma uygulamasının POM ve PP malzemelerin yapıştırma bağı dayanımına etkisinin araştırılması
Authors: GÜLER Hikmet , AYAS Kadir , ÇAVDAR Kadir
Published: January 2023

Polioksimetilen (POM) ve polipropilen (PP) malzemeleri otomotiv sektöründe oldukça sık kullanılan seri imalat termo-plastiklerindendir. Birçok uygulamada yüzey enerjisi düşük olan bu malzemeler mekanik aşındırma veya alkol tabanlı temizleyiciler ile silinerek yapıştırma bağına hazırlanırlar. Bu çalışmada çevreye olumsuz etkisi olan hazırlık yöntemlerinin yerine, atmosferik basınçlı plazma (ABP) yönteminin kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Plazma uygulaması ile malzemelerin yüzey enerjilerinin yükseltilmesi uzun süredir bilinen bir yöntem olmakla birlikte vakum ortamında yapılan uygulamalar son yıllarda atmosfer basıncı altında da yapılabilir hale gelmiştir. Bu şekilde yöntemin etkinliği aynı kalırken uygulaması ve maliyeti iyileşmiştir. Boyama ve yapıştırma gibi uygulamalarda, araştırmalara katkı sağlamak için, ABP yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışmalar açıklanmış ve özellikle otomotiv sektöründe sık karşılaşılan POM ve PP malzemelerin yapıştırma uygulamalarında yöntemin alternatif olabileceği gösterilmiştir. ABP yönteminin çevreci bir süreç olduğu düşünüldüğünde günümüzde polimer malzemelerin yapıştırılması alanında da alternatif olacağı anlaşılmıştır.
Kaos durumu altında hava kargo şirketi seçimi: Bütünleşik Bayesian BWM ve WASPAS çerçevesi
Authors: BOZ Esra , ÇİZMECİOĞLU Sinan , ÇALIK Ahmet
Published: January 2023

Karar problemlerinin sonuçları ve problemin sonuçlarını etkileyen faktörler, herhangi bir kaos durumunun bulunup bulunmamasına göre değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Kaos durumları altında, karar alıcıların tercihleri için farklı kriterler eklenebilmekle ve kriterlerin önem düzeyleri değişebilmektedir. COVID-19 pandemisi her alanda olduğu gibi havacılık sektörünü de etkilemiş olmasına rağmen hava kargo taşımacılığı bu dönemde güçlü bir performans göstermektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu çalışmada kaos durumlarının hava kargo şirketi seçimine yansıması incelenmektedir. Karar vericilerin, karar problemlerini sonuçlandırmasında etkili bir çözüm yöntemi olan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri ile yeni bir karar verme çerçevesi önerilmektedir. Yeni önerilen yöntemlerin daha hassas yanıt vermesinden dolayı, kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde yeni yöntemlerden olan Bayesian BWM (En İyi-En Kötü) yöntemi kullanılırken, hava kargo şirketlerinin sıralanmasında ise WASPAS yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Böylece bu iki yöntem bütünleştirilmekte ve aynı zamanda sıralama sonuçları TOPSIS ve COPRAS yöntemi ile kıyaslanarak sonuçlar analiz edilmektedir. Buna göre, kaos ortamında hava kargo şirketi seçimi için en önemli kriter ekonomik kriterler olarak görünmektedir.
Sentetik jet eyleyici kullanarak NACA0012 kanat profilinde kaldırma kuvveti iyileştirmesinin hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği çalışması
Authors: ÇANLIOĞLU İbrahim Efdal , KARA Emre
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada, hoparlör tipi sentetik jet eyleyici (SJE) kullanarak iki boyutlu sayısal analizler yapılmıştır. Kanat profilinin aerodinamik özelliklerini geliştirmek için SJE'nin hangi frekans ve jet orifis çapında olması gerektiğinin bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) metodu, ANSYS Fluent akış çözücü modülünde, SST k-ω türbülans modeliyle Reynolds ortalamalı Navier-Stokes (RANS) ve daimi olmayan RANS (URANS) denklemlerinde göre kullanılmıştır. Ağ yakınsama indeksi testi HAD analizlerinde ve SJE-kapalı konfigürasyon çalışmasının HAD analizlerinde RANS, diğer tüm analizlerde URANS çözümleri yapılmıştır. Ağ yakınsama indeksi testi sonucunda, düğüm sayısının 34700 olduğu Mesh4 isimli ağ yapısı hem kaldırma hem de direnç katsayısı hesabına göre en uygun ağ yapısı olarak seçilmiştir. Seçilen referans çalışmalara göre farklı açı ve Reynolds sayılarında, 1500’den 2200 Hz’e frekans ve 1 mm’den 3 mm’ye orifis çapı değerlerinde HAD analizleri yapılmış, kaldırma katsayısı SJE-kapalı ve SJE-açık durumlarında kanat profili üzerinde incelenmiştir. Son olarak, SJE tarafından CL ve kaldırma-direnç oranı (CL/CD) iyileştirmesi farklı konfigürasyonlar altında karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre bu katsayılar, düşük ve orta değerlerdeki Reynolds sayılarında etkili bir şekilde artmıştır.
Gömülü kalıcı mıknatıslı-fırçasız doğru akım motorda (IPMBLDC) kullanılan farklı güç dereceli NdFeB mıknatısların motor performansına etkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: TOREN Murat , MOLLAHASANOĞLU Hakkı
Published: January 2023

Fırçasız doğru akım motorları (Brushless Direct Current-BLDC) senkron motorlar grubunda sınıflandırılan ve endüstriyel alanlarda avantajlı özellikleri dolayısıyla tercih edilen elektrik motorlarındandır. BLDC motorlarının yapısında bulunan sabit manyetik alan üreten mıknatıslar, motor performansına doğrudan katkı sağlamaktadır. BLDC motorlarda kullanılan ve nadir toprak elementlerinin farklı güç derecelerinde üretilen NdFeB mıknatıslar, mükemmel manyetik özellikleri dolayısıyla tercih edilmektedirler. Kalıcı mıknatıslarda, fiziksel etkenler ve çevresel durumun etkisi olmasına rağmen, performans değerleri, maksimum enerji verimi 〖BH〗_max, artık akı yoğunluğu B_r , ve içsel zorlayıcı kuvvet H_ci parametreleri ile belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kalıcı mıknatıslı rotor yapısındaki BLDC motorlarda kullanılan Alnico, Seramik, SmCo ve NdFeB mıknatıs türleri ve bu mıknatısların motor performans parametrelerine etkileri analiz edilmektedir. Motor performansı için, hız, verim ve tork değerlerine göre mıknatıs türleri karşılaştırılmaktadır. NdFeB manyetik özellikleri yapılan analiz karşılaştırmalarında belirlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmaya bu mıknatısların farklı güç derecelerinde (N28-N38-N42-N52) elde edilen tiplerinin de motor performansına etkileri farklı sıcaklıklardaki (20℃ ,60℃ ,80℃ ) çalışma durumları göz önünde bulundurularak eklenmektedir. Çalışmada 2,45 kW gücünde gömülü monteli rotora sahip kalıcı mıknatıslı BLDC motor (IPMBLDC) kullanılarak, bu motor için sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan analiz ile NdFeB mıknatıs tiplerinin motor ısı transferine etkileri de belirlenmektedir.
EVHS - Elastic Virtual Honeypot System for SDNFV-Based Networks
Authors: Thang Nguyen Canh , Park Minho , Joo Yang Ick
Published: January 2023

The SDNFV-based network has leveraged the advantages of software-defined networking (SDN) and network-function virtualization (NFV) to become the most prominent network architecture. However, with the advancement of the SDNFV-based network, more attack types have emerged. This research focuses on one of the methods (use of the honeypot system) of preventing these attacks on the SDNFV-based network. We introduce an SDNFV-based elastic virtual honeypot system (EVHS), which not only resolves problems of other current honeypot systems but also employs a new approach to efficiently manage and control honeypots. It uses a network-intrusion-detection system (NIDS) at the border of the network to detect attacks, leverages the advantages of SDN and NFV to flexibly generate honeypots, and connects attackers to these honeypots by using a moving-target defense mechanism. Furthermore, we optimize the system to efficiently reuse the available honeypots after the attacks are handled. Experimental results validate that the proposed system is a flexible and efficient approach to manage and provide virtual honeypots in the SDNFV-based network; the system can also resolve the problems encountered by current honeypot systems.
Mobile Malware Behaviour through Opcode Analysis
Authors: Anuar Noor Azleen , Mas’ud Mohd Zaki , Bahamanan Nazrulazhar , Mat Ariff Nor Azman
Published: January 2023

As the popularity of mobile devices are on the rise, millions of users are now exposed to mobile malware threats. Malware is known for its ability in causing damage to mobile devices. Attackers often use it as a way to use the resources available and for other cybercriminal benefits such stealing users’ data, credentials and credit card number. Various detection techniques have been introduced in mitigating mobile malware, yet the malware author has its own method to overcome the detection method. This paper presents mobile malware analysis approaches through opcode analysis. Opcode analysis on mobile malware reveals the behaviour of malicious application in the binary level. The comparison made between the numbers of opcode occurrence from a malicious application and benign shows a significance traits. These differences can be used in classifying the malicious and benign mobile application.
DESIGN OF A MINIMAL OVERHEAD CONTROL TRAFFIC TOPOLOGY DISCOVERY AND DATA FORWARDING PROTOCOL FOR SOFTWARE-DEFINED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors: Asakipaam Simon Atuah , Kponyo Jerry John , Agyemang Justice Owusu , Appiah-Twum Fredrick
Published: January 2023

Software-defined networking is a novel concept that is ported into wireless sensor networks to make them more manageable and customizable. unfortunately, the topology discovery and maintenance processes generate high overhead control packet exchange between the sensor nodes and the central controller leading to a deterioration of the network's performance. In this paper, a novel minimal overhead control traffic topology discovery and data forwarding protocol is proposed and detailed. The proposed protocol requires some changes to the topology discovery protocol implemented in SDN-WISE to improve its performance. The proposed protocol has been implemented within the IT-SDN framework for evaluation. The results show reduced overhead control traffic and increase, of about 20%, data packet delivery rate over the protocol in SDN-WISE.
CHANGING THE NARRATIVE
Authors: Polletta Francesca , Amenta Edwin
Published: January 2023

The difficulty of identifying and explaining movements’ cultural impacts should not stop movement scholars from trying to do so. In this introduction to the special issue, we outline some of the challenges of theorizing cultural influence and possible ways around them. We emphasize the role of the institutions that make up the public sphere—including but not limited to the news media-- in shaping movements’ impacts.
HOW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION ON POLITICAL VIOLENCE: ATTITUDE SHIFTS IN THE WAKE OF THE GEORGE FLOYD PROTESTS
Authors: Setter Davyd , Nepstad Sharon Erickson
Published: January 2023

We examine whether the George Floyd protests influenced public opinion on political violence. Drawing upon the 2016 and 2020 American National Election Studies, we find that most U.S. citizens do not support political violence, and those overall rates remained relatively unchanged. However, we found seismic demographic shifts in attitudes between the two samples. Using logistic regression, we find that strength of support for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, liberal ideology, youth, and protest participation were positively correlated with the belief that political violence is justifiable. There was a decrease in support for political violence among older people who oppose the BLM movement, are college educated, ideologically conservative, and trust mainstream news. We argue that cultural views on the acceptability of political violence are pliable, and we offer a theoretical model that explains how salient movement events can shift public attitudes toward controversial protest methods.
Vladimir Nikolaevich Shamov – scientist, innovative surgeon, transfusiologist: the 140th anniversary of his birth (1882–1962)
Authors: Utochkin Yu. A. , Yaroshenko A. A. , Polygalova N. L. , Tiutiunykh Yu. A.
Published: January 2023

The article describes the life, scientific and professional career of Vladimir Nikolayevich Shamov, an outstanding scientist-transfusiologist, neurosurgeon, talented health care organizer, founder of a scientific school, full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Honored Scientist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Lenin Prize laureate, Lieutenant General of medical service. During the Civil War, V.N. Shamov became one of the first in our country to work on the new problem blood transfusion. Together with his assistants I.R. Petrov, N.N. Elansky, S.V. Heinats and P.I. Stradyn, he conducted research on isolating four isoagglutination blood groups and obtaining standard sera for their determination. On June 20, 1919, the first blood transfusion in the country was performed taking into account isoagglutination groups of a donor and a recipient. The works on the use of cadaveric blood constituted a small part of the topic, which V.N. Shamov was interested in all his life: the problem of organ and tissue transplantation. In 1940, he published the fundamental "Manual on Blood Transfusion" and made a report at the meeting of Pirogov's Surgical Society of Leningrad on the results of treatment of cranial gunshot wounds. The formed principles of treatment became the basis of neurosurgical care rendered to the wounded people during the Great Patriotic War. In 1961, he organized the first in this country Artificial Kidney Laboratory and became the head of the newly established Leningrad Laboratory of Blood Fibrinolysis Preparation and Use. After the Civil War, V.N. Shamov became the Head of the Department of General Surgery of Perm Medical Institute.
Normogonadotropic menstrual function disorders in reproductive period
Authors: Sandakova Е. А. , Zhukovskaya I. G.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To analyze and summarize the available literature data regarding the normogonadotropic menstrual function disorders in the reproductive period for identification of pathogenetic approaches to treatment of menstrual function disorders, sterility, miscarriage and pathological processes associated with them. Most of menstrual function disorders (76 %) are caused by functional hypothalamic disorders, changes in the rhythm and gonadotropic hormone secretion amplitude, which are not accompanied by an altered level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) normogonadotropic menstrual function disorders (NMFD).

Materials and methods. Systematic review of native and foreign literature.

Results. The clinical lecture presents the current data on physiology of reproductive system regulation, characteristics of menstrual function in norm and pathology; it defines normogonadotropic disorders, demonstrates their clinical forms, hypothalamic dysfunction-forming mechanisms as well as predetermining, trigger, contributory factors, which form the normogonadotropic disorders; describes clinical features of patients with the above pathology as well as algorithms for therapeutic approaches in the form of step-type tactics: elimination of contributory factors, prevention of trigger mechanisms, basic adaptogenic and situational therapy that leads to restoration of ovulation, realization of reproductive plans and improvement of the quality of life among such patients in more than 90 % of cases.

Conclusions. It was stated, taking into account the variety of mechanisms forming normogonadotropic menstrual function disorders, that treatment of such patients is a complex goal, which requires a detailed studying of female health status, forming a proper clinical diagnosis, developing personified medical programs for a long period of time.
Modern view of medical university students on euthanasia
Authors: Utochkin Yu. A. , Popovskaya A. V. , Minasanova A. V.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To assess the level of knowledge and identify the modern view of medical students on the procedure of euthanasia.

Material and methods. During the study, 100 students of medical university were surveyed. More than half (52 %) of respondents aged 2021, 36 % were young people aged 2223, 10 % students aged 1819 and the remaining 2 % were respondents aged 2425.

Results. During the survey of students, it was revealed that despite the fact that half (50 %) of students are adherents of the main world religions (who have a negative attitude towards the euthanasia procedure), only 7 % were against euthanasia because of religious considerations. Only one fifth of the students (23 %) knew about all options for euthanasia. In addition, 18 % of those surveyed did not know about any option for euthanasia. Almost half (47.5 %) of the students answered that everyone should manage life as they want, and the same part (47.5 %) of respondents that this decision depends on the circumstances. Moreover, almost half (47 %) of the students would agree to euthanasia for relatives in case of a serious illness.

Conclusions. Such a procedure as euthanasia cannot have an unambiguous assessment. Despite the acquired medical knowledge, our students still do not have enough information about the procedure itself to rationally evaluate all the advantages and disadvantages.
Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Managing Students’ Academic Records in Nigerian Schools
Authors: Oladokun B. D. , Seidu A. E. , Ogunbiyi J. O. , Aboyade W. A. , Yemi-Peters O. E. , Elai M. A.
Published: January 2023

This study examined the utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for managing students’ academic records in Nigerian schools. A descriptive survey method was used for the study. The population of the study comprises 131 teachers in selected secondary schools in Kogi. The multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select 97 teachers, both male and female as samples in six (6) secondary schools in the three districts of Kogi State. Five (5) research questions guided the study. Percentile rank and mean scores were used as statistical tools for data analysis. The findings revealed that ICT facilities available for managing students’ records in the school include computers, printers, handsets, photocopiers, and diskettes, among others. The study found that insufficient knowledge and skills on how to operate ICT equipment, ignorance of the advantages of ICT devices, principals' reluctance to use ICT gadgets, inadequate physical facilities/equipment, sporadic disruption of electricity supply and inadequate funds to provide ICT devices were challenges in using ICT to manage students’ academic records in the secondary schools under study. The study, among others, recommended that school teachers and principals should be trained in the use of the latest information technologies and gadgets to be effective and efficient in their performances. Also, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) should be incorporated into the school curriculum, especially at the secondary school level and the government should put in place power plants in every secondary school in order to solve the issue of disruption in power supply.
Non-Diffractive Wavefront-Shaping Intraocular Lens with Extended Depth of Focus: First Implantation Experience
Authors: Pershin K. B. , Pashinova N. F. , Tsygankov A. Yu. , Antonov E. A. , Kosova I. V. , Korneeva E. A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. Analysis of short-term clinical and functional results of implantation of a new non-diffractive IOL with expanded depth of focus.

Patients and methods. The study included 27 patients (35 eyes) after bilateral (8 patients) or monolateral (19 patients) AcrySof IQ Vivity IOL implantation (Alcon, USA) with mean follow-up of 3.8 ± 0.3 (3–5) months. In all cases, IOL implantation was preceded by cataract phacoemulsification or refractive lensectomy. Women accounted for 63 % (n = 17) and men for 37 % (n = 10). AcrySof IQ Vivity DFT015 IOLs were implanted in 24 eyes and toric AcrySof IQ Vivity DFT315, DFT415 and DFT515 IOLs in 11 eyes with clinically significant (more than 1.0 D) astigmatism.

Results. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in distance and intermediate uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity starting from the 1st day after surgery. An increase from 0.31 ± 0.09 to 0.58 ± 0.12 at the 1st day after the operation, and further up to 0.63 ± 0.13 at the follow-up period of 3 months (p < 0.05) was also registered while assessing near uncorrected visual acuity. In spite of some increase of best corrected near visual acuity in the follow-up period of 3 months in comparison with preoperative period (0.68 ± 0.19 and 0.57 ± 0.16, respectively), these differences were not statisticallysignificant (p > 0.05). After IOL implantation, the spherical refractive index was shown to decrease from –2.75 ± 1.4 in the preoperative period to –0.10 ± 0.73 in the follow-up period of 3 months. Permanent or periodic optical phenomena were detected in 4 patients out of 27 (14.8 %), of them 2 patients (7.4 %) had glare and 2 (7.4 %) — halo. Patients did not complain of difficulties in driving in the dark. In 11 oof 27 cases (40.7 %), patients required spectacle correction for reading. In spite of the need for spectacle correction for near vision in 40 % cases, the vast majority of patients (n = 24; 88.9 %) rated the result of surgery as “excellent” and three (11.1 %) as good.

Conclusion. This work presents the first experience in Russia of implantation of a new non-diffractive intraocular lens with an expanded depth of focus forming a wavefront in 35 eyes. The presented data testify to the high efficacy of this IOL for medium distance and far distance vision correction and to the possibility of providing functional near vision. Implantation of the investigated IOL was associated with a low incidence of adverse optical phenomena, such as halo, glare, and discomfort when driving in the dark. The use of this IOL in clinical practice may be an option to achieve the desired outcome in cataract surgery.
Efficacy and Safety of Nutraceutical Support in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients
Authors: Yanchenko S. V. , Malyshev A. V. , Malyshev A. A. , Karapetov G. Yu. , Teshev A. F.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: to assess the possibilities of nutraceutical support in AREDS-3 category age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.

Patients and methods. The study included 30 AREDS-3 category AMD patients (30 eyes) aged 69.2 ± 5.7 years (12 men, 18 women). As the ophthalmic nutraceutical, the biological active supplement was used, including vitamins E, B1, B2, B3, B9, B12, C, lutein, zeaxantin, lycopene, resveratrol, beta-carotene, coenzyme Q10, copper, zinc, selenium (Oftolik®; 1 capsule, 2 times a day). Follow-up period: 12–16 months (6–8 courses of therapy). All those observed underwent: standard ophthalmological examination; fundus photo registration (Nidek); OCT (Opto-Vue); OCT-angiography (Zeiss); possible systemic side effects registration. The main criterion for nutraceutical support effectiveness was stabilization of AMD manifestation. The significance of a possible increase in number and (or) size of drusen (with the AREDS-3 category), as well as the appearance of patients with AMD of the AREDS-4 category, was assessed using the Pearson γ2 test. An additional criterion was the maximum corrected visual acuity (MCVA) stabilization. The mean and its standard deviation (M ± s) were calculated, the significance of differences was assessed using the Wilcoxon’s T-test.

Results. None of the eyes included in the study showed progression from the AMD AREDS-3 category to AREDS-4. In one eye (3.33 %), an increase in the number of drusen was recorded; in 29 eyes (96.67 %), the number and size of drusen remained stable. These changes were not statistically significant (γ2 = 1.017; p = 0.314; p > 0.05). MCVA during the follow-up period remained stable with a slight but statistically insignificant trend towards its increase (from 0.69 ± 0.096 to 0.71 ± 0.07; Temp = 165, p > 0.05). In all observed patients, the tolerability of ophthalmonutraceutical was good, no significant side effects were recorded.

Conclusion. Nutraceutical support prevented the progression of AMD from AREDS-3 to AREDS-4 during follow-up of 12–16 months. In the vast majority of patients (96.67 %), manifestation of AMD within the AREDS-3 category remained stable. After 6-8 courses of therapy, no significant side effects of nutraceutical support were recorded.
Effects of Grape Marc on Vase Life of Carnation Flowers
Authors: KILIÇ Tuğba , ÇETİN Emine Sema , DALER Selda
Published: January 2023

In carnation, vase life is shortened due to ethylene and water stress, resulting in petal curling, browning, and wilting symptoms. Preservative solutions are used to prolong the vase life of cut flowers in the world, and natural substances with antimicrobial properties have been preferred as preservatives in recent years. It is thought that benefiting from the antimicrobial properties of plant wastes will be beneficial for both the cut flower industry and waste management because they are natural. This research was carried out to determine the effect of grape marc extract (GME) on the vase life of cut carnation. D. caryophyllus cv. 'Baltico' was used as a plant material. The plants were placed in vases containing two different concentrations of GME (100 µL L-1, 200 µL L-1). The vase life, relative fresh weight (RFW), daily solution uptake (DSU), lipid peroxidation, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured during and at the end of the experiment. In the study, it was determined that GME was effective on the vase life of cut carnation flowers and GME at 200 µL L-1 concentration (22.67 days) extended the vase life by 6.50 days and 40.2% compared to the control (16.17 days), (distilled water). At the same time, GME was found to be effective on the post-harvest stress mechanisms of cut carnation flowers. GME improved vase life by increasing both DSU, and antioxidant enzyme activities, and reducing RFW loss. It also reduced the accumulation of MDA and proline.
Cuantificando los beneficios de digitalizar y centralizar la postulación y asignación a escuelas
Authors: Aguilera Antonia , Elacqua Gregory , Lavin Josefina , Margitic Juan Francisco , Neilson Christopher
Published: January 2023

Los sistemas tradicionales (descentralizados) de asignación escolar se caracterizan por su ineficiencia, poca transparencia e inequidad en la distribución. En respuesta, cada vez más lugares han comenzado a implementar sistemas de asignación centralizada digital. Aunque la literatura argumenta a favor de la eficiencia de asignación de estos sistemas, este documento incluye el primer análisis sobre su costo-eficiencia y discutimos beneficios tradicionalmente no contemplados: monitoreo, transparencia, y herramientas de planificación en el mercado. Utilizando data administrativa de Chile, se estima que la implementación de la centralización digital podría generar un impacto neto de MUSD 13,1. Esta cifra considera los costos directos de implementación, los ahorros que se producen en la transición y las ganancias de eficiencia generadas. Nuestros resultados confirman que esta política no es sólo eficiente, sino también costo-eficiente.
Validación del instrumento de medición utilizado en el proyecto "Tutorías remotas" para acelerar aprendizajes
Authors: León Juan , Hevia Felipe , Vergara-Lope Samana , Vinacur Tamara , Zoido Pablo
Published: January 2023

Garantizar resultados de calidad de forma equitativa es el reto principal para los sistemas educativos de América Latina y el Caribe. El principal resultado educativo son los aprendizajes que los estudiantes son capaces de demostrar de forma consistente. No existe ningún instrumento en la región que permita evaluar de forma rápida, costo-efectiva y confiable si una intervención está dando los resultados deseados o no. Con el cierre de escuelas en 2020 y 2021 la necesidad de contar con un instrumento de estas características se volvió aún más urgente. En el contexto de un programa de tutorías remotas para acelerar aprendizajes se adaptaron dos instrumentos preexistentes y se pilotearon en una población de conveniencia para varias jurisdicciones. El objetivo era desarrollar un instrumento económico, de fácil y rápida aplicación que al menos proporcionase una señal confiable de si las intervenciones estaban teniendo un impacto en los aprendizajes fundamentales e indispensables en matemáticas entre la población más vulnerable con mayores brechas de aprendizaje.
IDB Behavioral Economics Group: Highlights of the Year 2022
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: January 2023

The IDB Behavioral Economics Group is an interdepartmental working group on behavioral economics. For nearly a decade, armed with the tools and insights offered by psychology and economics, the IDB has been partnering with local and national governments in Latin America and the Caribbean to promote knowledge related to individual and collective decision-making in the region. Through this work, we hope to serve our countries better and continue improving peoples lives. On the next pages you will find our project highlights for 2021 and 2022.
Design of Islamic Agricultural Insurance Model: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Yasir , Fadhil Rahmat , Bahri Teuku Saiful , Maulana Hafizh , Firmansyah Juli
Published: January 2023

The agricultural sector is a role model that can be the basis for policymakers to integrate Islamic insurance patterns in agriculture. This research aims to design a model of the Islamic agricultural insurance system based on Islamic law in the context of Indonesia. This study is expected to contribute for Indonesian government to accommodate the implementation of the Islamic agricultural insurance system and pattern in Indonesia. This study used an expert system approach through data collection and information as a reference in the formulation of model designs, including interviews, questionnaires, direct observation, and data synthesis in the field. This research stage used a systems development conceptual model described in the research process, including planning, analysis, design, verification, validation, and building models. The research hypothesis is confirmed that Islamic agricultural insurance can be implemented based on risk and investment with tabarru’ funds (mutual financial aid funds) and investment funds. Islamic agricultural insurance is a way out for farmers, especially Muslim farmers, in ensuring agriculture management by managing the level of risk due to crop failure. Islamic agricultural insurance systems can guarantee risks that arise in agricultural businesses to provide inner peace to farmers in getting the good and right protection for businesses that run following Islamic principles. This research has resulted in innovative features and development models of Islamic agricultural insurance for the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers in Indonesia.