bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN PENELITIAN INDUKSI KALUS EMBRIOGENIK PADA JARINGAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN KARET KLONAL (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg)
Authors: Admojo Lestari , Indrianto Ari , Hadi Hananto
Published: November 2016

Perbanyakan tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg) saat ini masih menggunakan cara konvensional yaitu okulasi. Kelemahan teknik ini antara lain membutuhkan waktu yang lama, kebutuhan lahan yang luas, musim biji yang terbatas di samping juga diperlukan tenaga kerja yang cukup banyak. Permasalahan tersebut mengharuskan penelitian diarahkan pada perbanyakan bibit dengan tehnik yang lebih efisien dalam skala massal. Teknik kultur jaringan melalui embriogenesis somatik (EGS) membuka peluang tersebut. Induksi kalus embriogenik merupakan langkah awal untuk keberhasilan teknik EGS secara tidak langsung. Tulisan ini merangkum hasil penelitian induksi kalus embriogenik pada jaringan vegetatif tanaman karet klonal yang dimulai pada tahun 2008 hingga 2012. Hasil pengujian terhadap 6 klon karet (PB 260, PB 330, IRR 111, IRR 39, GT 1 dan IRR 112) menunjukkan bahwa klon IRR 112 dan PB 330 merespon pembentukan kalus embriogenik, dan membentuk fase embrio dari globular (IRR 112) hingga jantung dan torpedo (PB 330). Hasil pengujian jaringan vegetatif yang digunakan sebagai eksplan (helai daun, tangkai, ketiak tangkai, mata tunas) menunjukkan bahwa jaringan tangkai dan ketiak tangkai merespon terbentuknya kalus embriogenik. Kombinasi media dasar MS+2,4 D 5 ppm memberikan respon induksi kalus friabel terbaik dan MS+NAA 0,1 ppm+BAP 2 ppm memberikan respon kalus embriogenik terbaik, namun frekuensinya masih rendah. Tingkat browning masih tinggi yang menjadi faktor pembatas perkembangan kalus. Kalus yang bersifat embriogenik diharapkan berpotensi untuk diinduksi menjadi planlet melalui teknik embriogenesis somatik.
PENGARUH PROSES PENCAMPURAN DAN CARA APLIKASI PUPUK TERHADAP KEHILANGAN UNSUR N
Authors: Achmad Saiful Rodhian , Susetyo Imam
Published: November 2016

Tanaman karet membutuhkan unsur hara Nitrogen (N), Posfor (P) dan Kalium (K) dalam jumlah yang cukup dan seimbang untuk tumbuh dan menghasilkan produksi dengan baik. Dalam praktek pemupukan, pekebun seringkali belum memperhatikan efektifitas dan efisiensi serapan hara pupuk, terutama pupuk Nitrogen. Unsur hara N yang bersumber dari pupuk urea mudah menguap. Penguapan tersebut akan meningkat jika tidak mempertimbangkan proses percampuran dan aplikasi pupuk di lapang. Untuk mengetahui kehilangan unsur N telah dilakukan penelitian di laboratorium dan kebun percobaan Balai Penelitian Getas. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Bahan yang digunakan adalah urea berbentuk prill/tanpa coating sebanyak 250 g. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kehilangan unsur N dalam pupuk urea pada beberapa selang waktu pencampuran. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kehilangan unsur hara N dan jumlah pupuk urea paling tinggi terdapat pada perlakuan proses percampuran selama 30 menit dengan lama simpan 15 jam dan aplikasi disebar selama 120 menit sebesar 21,5 % dan 54 g. Sedangkan kehilangan unsur hara N dan jumlah pupuk urea paling rendah dengan perlakuan pupuk urea tanpa dicampur dan aplikasi langsung disebar selama 30 menit sebesar 6,1 % dan 15 g.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL MODEL PEREMAJAAN KARET PARTISIPATIF: SUMBER PEMBIAYAAN DARI HASIL PENJUALAN KAYU KARET
Authors: Hendratno Sinung , Woelan Sekar , Fathurrohman Mohamad Irfan
Published: November 2016

Pada saat ini terdapat  ± 40 ribu ha areal perkebunan karet rakyat berumur tua dan kurang produktif yang siap diremajakan. Upaya peremajaan karet rakyat terkendala oleh tidak tersedianya sumberdana yang dimiliki petani dan kesiapan kelembagaan peremajaan. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis upaya memberikan solusi alternatif sumber pembiayaan dan kelembagaan peremajaan karet rakyat.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peremajaan karet rakyat dapat dilakukan dengan Model Peremajaan Karet Partisipatif dan menerapkan teknologi karet anjuran budidaya tanaman, panen/penyadapan, dan pasca panen. Pembiayaan peremajaan karet rakyat dapat dilakukan dengan alternatif memanfaatkan nilai jual kayu karet dan kredit bank. Analisis kelayakan finansial peremajaan karet rakyat menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sumber pembiayaan dari hasil penjualan kayu karet dan kredit bank disertai dengan penanaman tanaman sela dinilai layak untuk dilakukan.
KAJIAN MODIFIKASI KIMIA SECARA KOPOLIMERISASI CANGKOK PADA PEMBUATAN KARET ALAM TERMOPLASTIK
Authors: Puspitasari Santi , Budianto Emil , Maspanger Dadi R.
Published: November 2016

Modifikasi diperlukan untuk memperbaiki kelemahan karet alam sehingga dapat memperluas aplikasinya dalam industri. Salah satu modifikasi kimiawi pada lateks karet alam terdeproteinisasi dapat dilakukan secara kopolimerisasi cangkok dengan monomer termoplastik golongan vinilik (metil metakrilat dan stirena) untuk menghasilkan karet alam termoplastik yang bersifat kuat, keras, kaku, mudah diproses, dan tahan terhadap oksidasi. Kopolimerisasi cangkok umumnya dilakukan dengan teknik polimerisasi emulsi mekanisme radikal bebas. Keberhasilan reaksi kopolimeriasi cangkok yang ditunjukkan dengan efisiensi cangkok yang tinggi dipengaruhi oleh rasio karet terhadap monomer, serta pemilihan jenis dan dosis inisator maupun emulsifier. Hasil kopolimer yang terbentuk dapat dikonfirmasi melalui analisis kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Dalam industri kopolimer karet alam dengan monomer vinilik dapat digunakan sebagai perekat atau adhesif, compatibilizer agent, surface modified agent, hardness modifier, serta industri alas kaki. Oleh karena itu penelitian dan pengembangan tentang kopolimerisasi cangkok karet alam dapat mendukung kemajuan agroindustri karet alam nasional.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN LETAK GEOGRAFI TERHADAP POLA PRODUKSI TAHUNAN TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi
Published: November 2016

Produktivitas tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis)dipengaruhi oleh sifat iklim pada suatu kawasan. Faktor iklim mencakup curah hujan dan distribusinya, suhu, panjang penyinaran, evaporasi, dan kecepatan angin. Perbedaan iklim berkaitan dengan letak geografi suatu kawasan. Umumnya, negara penghasil karet alam yang berada di utara khatulistiwamemiliki pola produksi rendah pada bulan Februari – April dan produksi tertinggi pada bulan Oktober – Desember, sedangkan kawasan yang berada di selatan khatulistiwa memiliki pola produksi rendah pada bulan Agustus – Januari danproduksi tinggi terjadi pada bulan Februari – Juli. Peningkatan produksi umumnya terjadi pada musim hujan dan penurunan produksi disebabkan adanya siklus gugur daun, pembentukan daun, pembungaan, dan pembentukan buah. Faktor iklim yang dapat menjadi sebagai faktor pembatas produksi dapat diantisipasi dengan pendenkatan kultur teknis budidaya seperti spesifikasi klon dan penerapan teknologi budidaya.
Interactions of cytotoxic amino acid derivatives of tert-butylquinone with DNA lysozyme
Authors: Vilipic Jovana , Novakovic Irena , Zlatovic Mario , Vujcic Miroslava , Tufegdzic Srdjan , Sladic Dusan
Published: November 2016

The interactions of nine amino acid derivatives of tert-butylquinone with
biomacromolecules were studied. SDS electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
confirmed the absence of modifications of lysozyme by any of the synthesized
compounds. Spectrophotometric studies demonstrated hyperchromism, i.e.
existence of interactions between the quinones and CT-DNA. Determination of
binding constant by absorption titration indicates weak interactions between
quinone derivatives and CT-DNA. The quenching of fluorescence of intercalator
ethidium bromide from EB-CT-DNA system and of minor groove binder Hoechst
33258 from H-CT-DNA system by the synthesized derivatives indicates
interactions of compounds and CT-DNA. CD spectra demonstrate
non-intercalative binding mode of quinone derivaties to CT-DNA. Molecular
docking results confirm binding to the minor groove. Electrophoretic pattern
showed no cleavage of pUC19 plasmid in the presence of any of the synthesized
compounds. The ability of the derivatives to scavenge radicals was confirmed
by DPPH test. All the presented results suggest that the DNA minor groove
binding is the principal mechanism of action of the examined amino acid
derivatives.
Differences in quality of life between patients with severe hip and knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Jandric Slavica
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the clinical manifestation of degenerative joint changes. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in quality of life (QoL) between patients with severe hip and knee OA. Methods. This is the cross-sectional study of 195 patients (average age 63.2 ? 11.1 yrs), with a diagnosis of OA of the hip and knee that were assigned to receive a total hip or knee replacement. The patients were divided into three groups in relation to localization of OA. The first group included patients with hip OA; the second group consisted of patients with knee OA and the third group with both hip and knee OA. Demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient. We measured health related quality of life (QoL) by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires. Statistical significance of differences was at the level of p < 0.05. Results. The best QoL was in the group of knee OA (42.7 ? 11.3) and the worst in the group with both hip and knee OA patients (35.8 ? 12.7). QoL assessed by WOMAC score and the domain of physical function were significantly different among three groups of patients with OA (F = 5.377, p < 0.01 and F = 5.273, p < 0.01) respectively). Results of three multiple linear regression models where WOMAC score was dependent variable and age, body mass index (BMI), social class, pain, stiffness, physical function, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus were independent variables, have shown that QoL was statistically significantly associated with pain and physical function in the hip and knee OA groups, whereas in the group with both hip and knee OA patients, QoL was associated with BMI, pain, physical function and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. QoL of patients with severe hip and knee osteoarthritis in relation to localization was significantly different. QoL in severe hip and knee OA patients was significantly associated with pain and physical function, but in patients with both hip and knee OA QoL was also associated with BMI and diabetes mellitus.
Retrospective analysis of 1211 operated patients due to groin hernia with open surgical approach - single center experience
Authors: Markovic Miroslav , Bezmarevic Mihailo , Ilic Milan , Dragicevic Marina , Andric Aleksandar
Published: November 2016

Bacground/Aim. Groin hernias are common pathology among men population. Only curative treatment is surgical reparation with various surgical procedures for groin hernia solving. The aim of this study was to evaluate the most prevalent surgical procedures and early postoperative complications after groin hernia reparation in large series of operated patients, and to assess the morphologic characteristics of groin hernias. Methods. The retrospective study included all patients with groin hernia who underwent surgical reparation from 2009 to 2012. In all patients a demographic characteristics, including gender and age, clinical characteristics and hernia type were analyzed. The surgical procedure for hernia solving and early postoperative complications were assessed. Results. The study included 1,211 patients. The male/female ratio was 1,127/84 (p < 0.001). Inguinal hernia was found in 1,195 patients (94.5% males). Femoral hernia was found in 16 patients (25% males and 75% females). Significant difference in distribution of inguinal and femoral hernia between genders was found (p < 0.001). In males right sided inguinal hernia was present in 57.6%. In females right sided inguinal hernia was present in 7 and left sided in 5 patients. Sixsten patients had bilateral inguinal hernia, all in males. There was no significant difference in side of inguinal hernia occurrence and gender. Right sided and left sided femoral hernias were present in the same percent in males. In females a higher occurrence in femoral hernia was found on the right side then on the left one (7:5) without significant difference. There were 71.1% of patients in the age group of 51?80 and 27.2% of patients in the age group of 61?70. Surgical procedures included: Lichtenstein in 51.2% of patients, nylondarn in 29.6% of patients, Bassini in 16.2% of patients, Lothaissen in 1.7% of patients, and Halsted in 1.4% of patients. Overall, postoperative complications were present in 78 (6.4%) of patients. Wound infection was the most common complication, occurred in 2.4% of patients. Conclusion. Prevalence of inguinal hernias is higher in men population, while femoral hernias are more common in females. The most affected population is at the age between 61 and 80 years. The most commonly used open surgical procedures for groin hernia reparation are Lichtenstein and nylon-darn. Both methods have low and similar incidence rates of postoperative complications.
Evaluation of apically extruded debris during removal of gutta-percha and ResilonTM using different instrumentation techniques
Authors: Pesic Dragana , Melih Irena , Kolak Veljko , Nikitovic Ana , Jakovljevic Ankica
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Apical extrusion of material is considered as one of the very important factor for endodontic treatment success. Microorganisms, necrotic tissue, filling material and irrigants, which can be extruded apically during endodontic retreatment, may jeopardize the success of the therapy. The aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment of teeth obturated with two different materials, using one hand and three rotary instrumentation techniques. Methods. Ninety-six extracted single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated and enlarged to size 40 using BioRaCe system, and then randomly divided into 8 groups of 12 specimens each. Half of the specimens were obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus? sealer and another half with RealSeal SE system, using lateral condensation technique. Retreatment was performed using: Hedstr?m files; ProFile rotary files; ProTaper Retreatment system and D-RaCe system. Apically extruded debris was collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes and evaluated using an electronic microbalance. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test and analysis of variance. Results. In the AH Plus/gutta-percha group, all tested rotary instruments gave significantly less extruded debris compared with Hedstr?m files (p < 0.05). In theRealSeal group, there was significant difference between DRaCe and Hedstr?m instruments (p < 0.05). Conclusion. All retreatment techniques resulted in apical extrusion. DRaCe system produced significantly less extruded debris compared to hand files. No significant difference was found when comparing two instruments specially designed for retreatment: D-RaCe and ProTaper systems.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus - our experience
Authors: Bozic Ksenija , Komatina Nenad , Petronijevic Milan , Knezevic Bojana , Kostic Dejan , Stefanovic Dusan
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare demyelinating immune-mediated central nervous system disease. It is extremely rare to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and it represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Case report. A 38-year-old Caucasian woman with medical history of SLE and new onset of flaccid paraparesis, fecal and urinary incontinence, persistent nausea and vomiting was admitted to our hospital. Based on the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging findings and positive aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, a NMOSD with coexisting SLE were diagnosed. Pulse-doses of cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids were efficient in patient treatment. Conclusion. In a patient with SLE and symptoms of longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis and/or optic neuritis and area postrema syndrome, assessment of AQP4 antibodies is neccessary for diagnosing NMOSD. Accurate diagnosis, and timely and long-term administration of immunosuppressive therapy are crucial for favorable outcome of these two coexisting diseases.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) as a Predictor of Incident Diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Whelton Seamus P. , McEvoy John W. , Lazo Mariana , Coresh Josef , Ballantyne Christie M. , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

Many individuals with prediabetes have evidence of subclinical myocardial damage and are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). If subclinical myocardial damage is independently associated with incident diabetes, this may contribute to the understanding of the association between diabetes and CVD. This study was conducted to determine whether high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is associated with incident diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models, we prospectively analyzed 8,153 participants without known diabetes or CVD. We used the Harrell C statistic to investigate whether hs-cTnT added incremental prognostic information for diabetes prediction.

RESULTS

During a median of 13 years of follow-up, there were 1,830 incident cases of diagnosed diabetes. After adjustment for demographics and traditional risk factors, participants with a baseline hs-cTnT of 9–13 ng/L or ≥14 ng/L had a significantly increased risk for diabetes compared to those with an hs-cTnT of ≤5 ng/L, with hazard ratios of 1.14 (95% CI 0.99–1.33) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.03–1.53), respectively (P = 0.018 for trend). Linear spline modeling that included adjustment for baseline fasting glucose suggested an increased risk of incident diabetes for participants with hs-cTnT levels >8 ng/L. Furthermore, the addition of hs-cTnT to fully adjusted models that included glucose significantly improved the prediction of incident diabetes from 0.7636 to 0.7644 (P = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Participants with elevated hs-cTnT levels at baseline had an increased risk of incident diabetes, suggesting that the measurement of hs-cTnT may incorporate an underlying pathophysiologic overlap between diabetes and CVD not captured by other traditional risk factors. Measurement of hs-cTnT may be useful to identify individuals at an increased risk for incident diabetes and CVD in order to provide early and more intensive risk factor modification.
Analysis of Selected Carbonyl Compounds in Tobacco Samples by Using Pentafluorobenzylhydroxylamine Derivatization and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bao Mingliang , Joza Peter J. , Masters Andrew , Rickert William S.
Published: November 2016

A simple, accurate, and reliable method for routine analysis of trace carbonyl compounds, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propionaldehyde, methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK), butyraldehyde, and crotonaldehyde, in processed tobacco products was developed. One gram of tobacco sample was spiked with a mixture of isotopelabeled carbonyls as internal standards and extracted with water. A portion of aqueous extract was derivatizated with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA). The PFBHA derivatives of carbonyls were extracted with hexane and analysed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated with spiked Kentucky Reference Cigarette 3R4F and CORESTA smokeless reference products CRP1, CRP2, CRP3, and CRP4. For the investigated carbonyl compounds, excellent recoveries (95-107%) and precisions (5-10%) were achieved with different spiked tobacco products, with the exception of acrolein, which was found unstable in all tested tobacco products. The linear range of the developed method was from 0.07 to 36 μg/g with limits of quantification ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 μg/g. Using this method, formaldehyde (0.31-6.24 μg/g) and acetaldehyde (0.84-17.7 μg/g) were detected in all tested reference tobacco products. Acetone (0.55-2.12 μg/g) was found in 3R4F, CRP1, CRP2, and CRP3. Detectable levels of propionaldehyde were only found in CRP1 and CRP3. The levels of MEK, butyraldehyde, and crotonaldehyde in all tested reference products were below the method quantification limits. It was found that the effects of storage conditions (storage time, container, and temperature) on yields of carbonyls detected in reference tobacco product samples (3R4F, CRP2, CRP3) were dependent on compound and sample matrix: the concentrations of formaldehyde in all tested reference products gradually increased as the storage time increased, while the concentrations of acetone in 3R4F samples dramatically decreased as the storage time increased. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 86-97]
Transorbital Endoscopic Identification of Supernumerary Ethmoid Arteries
Authors: Berens Angelique M. , Davis Greg E. , Moe Kris S.
Published: November 2016

Background

Anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries supply the paranasal sinuses, septum, and lateral nasal wall. Precise identification of these arteries is important during anterior skull base procedures, endoscopic sinus surgery, and ligation of ethmoid arteries for epistaxis refractory to standard treatment. There is controversy in the literature regarding the prevalence of supernumerary ethmoid arteries.

Objective

This study examined the prevalence of supernumerary ethmoid arteries by using direct visualization after transorbital endoscopic dissection.

Methods

Nineteen cadaveric specimens were evaluated by using a superior lid crease (blepharoplasty) incision and an endoscopic approach to the medial orbital wall. Ethmoid arteries were identified as they pierced the lamina papyracea coplanar with the skull base and optic nerve. The distances from the anterior lacrimal crest to the ethmoid arteries and optic nerve were measured with a surgical ruler under endoscopic guidance.

Results

Thirty-eight cadaveric orbits were measured. Overall, there were three or more ethmoid arteries (including anterior and posterior arteries) in 58% of orbits, with 8% of the total sample that contained four or more ethmoid arteries. The average number of ethmoid arteries was 2.7. Bilateral supernumerary ethmoid arteries were noted in 42% of the specimens. The distance between the anterior lacrimal crest and the anterior ethmoid, posterior ethmoid, and optic nerve averaged 20, 35, and 41 mm, respectively. The average distance to the supernumerary or middle ethmoid artery was 29 mm.

Conclusion

This study found supernumerary ethmoid arteries in 58% of cadaveric specimens, a prevalence much higher than previously reported. Recognition of these additional vessels may improve safety during endoscopic sinus surgery and skull base surgery, and may permit more effective ligation for refractory epistaxis originating from the ethmoid system.
Comparison by Objective Parameters in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Managed Medically and Surgically (with and without Powered Instruments)
Authors: Behera Samarendra , Mohindra Satyawati , Patro Sourabha K. , Gupta Ashok K.
Published: November 2016

Objective

To compare mucociliary clearance time and quality of life in patients who underwent sinus surgery using conventional and powered instruments, and in patients who were treated nonsurgically.

Methods

A total of 151 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were included. Fifty-four patients were treated conservatively, 48 patients were managed surgically by using conventional instruments and 49 patients were managed by using a microdebrider. Kupferberg nasal endoscopy grades, 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores, Lund-Mackay scores, and mucociliary clearance time were analyzed.

Results

On comparison among the groups, it was found that there was a significant difference between group A (nonsurgically treated) compared with group B (surgery by conventional means) or group C (surgery with microdebrider) in nasal endoscopic grades, Lund-Mackay scores, 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores, and mucociliary clearance time. However, in comparison between groups B and C, there was no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion

Mucociliary clearance time tended to recover after starting treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis both after conservative treatment and after surgical treatment. Surgery provided better improvement in different objective scores in chronic rhinosinusitis. There exists no statistical difference in parameters independent of the instrument used for surgery.
Anatomic Findings in Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Case Series and Review of Contributory Factors
Authors: Bewick Jessica , Egro Francesco M. , Masterson Liam , Javer Amin R. , Philpott Carl M.
Published: November 2016

Background

It is recognized that patients who undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) do not always achieve control of their disease. The causes are multifactorial; variations in surgical practice have been identified as possible factors in refractory disease.

Objective

To reflect on the frequent anatomic findings of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who require revision ESS.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who required revision ESS at a tertiary institution over a 3-year period. Patients for whom maximal medical therapy failed for CRS underwent computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses and image-guided surgery. Surgical records of anatomic findings were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

Over 3 years, a total of 75 patients underwent revision procedures, 28% of all ESS performed in the unit. The most frequent finding was a residual uncinate process in 64% of the patients (n = 48); other findings included a maxillary antrostomy not based on the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus in 47% (n = 35), an oversized antrostomy in 29% (n = 22), resected middle turbinates in 35% (n = 26), middle meatal stenosis in 15% (n = 11), synechiae in 29% (n = 22), and osteitic bone that required drilling in 13% (n = 10).

Conclusion

Surgical technique can give rise to anatomic variations that may prevent adequate mucociliary clearance and medication delivery, which leads to failure in ESS in patients with CRS. This study demonstrated the surgical findings encountered in revision ESS that should be highlighted in the training of Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons to help prevent primary failure and reduce health care costs.
Comparison of Ni-S2O82–/ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts prepared by Microemulsion and Impregnation Methods and their Performance for Isomerisation
Authors: Song Hua , Zhao Lele , Meng Yao , Song Hualin , Li Feng
Published: November 2016

Bifunctional Ni-S2O82–/ZrO2–Al2O3 (Ni-SSZA) solid superacid catalysts were prepared by microemulsion (Ni-SSZA-M) and impregnation (Ni-SSZA-I) methods and their performance for n-pentane isomerisation was studied. The catalysts were characterised by BET, XPS, XRD, FTIR, Py–FTIR, TPR, TEM and CO uptake. The results show that, compared with the Ni-SSZA-I catalyst, the Ni-SSZA-M catalyst shows smaller and more uniform Ni particles, higher surface area, smaller crystallite size of tetragonal ZrO2, more metal active sites and stronger acidity. The activity test indicated that loading Ni by the microemulsion method can significantly improve the isomerisation activity of the catalyst at lower reaction temperatures. In comparison with the Ni-SSZA-I catalyst, the isopentane yield for Ni-SSZA-M was improved by 11.6% and the optimum temperature was decreased by 60 °C.
Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of the O2 Addition Pathways to the Main Thiophene-OH Adduct: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Shiroudi Abolfazl , Deleuze Michael S.
Published: November 2016

Density functional theory, along with the ΩB97XD and UM06-2x exchange-correlation functional, has been used to study the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the atmospheric oxidation of the main (kinetically dominant) thiophene-OH adduct [C4H4S-OH]• (R1) by molecular oxygen in its triplet electronic ground state. Kinetic rate constants and branching ratios under atmospheric pressure and in the fall-off regime have been calculated by means of transition state theory (TST), variational transition state theory (VTST) and statistical Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory. In line with the computed energy profiles, the dominant process under both the thermodynamic and kinetic control of the reaction is O2 addition at the C5 position in syn mode. The computed branching ratios indicate that the regioselectivity of the reaction decreases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure.
New Insights into the Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Oxidation of Hexafluoropropene
Authors: Lokhat David , Starzak Maciej , Ramjugernath Deresh
Published: November 2016

The gas-phase reaction of hexafluoropropene and molecular oxygen was investigated in a tubular flow reactor at 450 kPa and within a temperature range of 463–493 K using HFP/O2 mixtures containing 20–67% HFP on a molar basis. Capillary and packed column chromatography served as the main analytical technique. The reaction yielded HFPO, COF2, CF3COF, C2F4 and c-C3F6 as gas-phase products. High molecular weight oligomers were also formed. The oligomers were found to have a polyoxadifluoromethylene structure according to elemental and 19F NMR analysis. At 493 K HFP is proposed to undergo oxygen-mediated decomposition to difluorocarbene radicals, yielding greater quantities of difluorocarbene recombination products. Kinetic parameters for a revised model of the oxidation process were identified through least squares analysis of the experimental data.
Microbial Transformation of Epiandrosterone by Aspergillus Sydowii
Authors: Yildirim Kudret , Kuru Ali
Published: November 2016

Incubation of epiandrosterone with Aspergillus sydowii MRC 200653 afforded ten metabolites. The fungal dehydrogenation of epiandrosterone is reported for the first time. The formation of the major metabolite, 6β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, involved first dehydrogenation to give a 4-ene and then hydroxylation at C-6β. Small amounts of the substrate were hydroxylated at C-1α, C-7α, C-7β and C-11α.
Microwave-Assisted and L-proline Catalysed Domino Cyclisation in an Aqueous Medium: A Rapid, Highly Efficient and Green Synthesis of Benzo[a]Phenazine Annulated Heterocycles
Authors: Yazdani-Elah-Abadi Afshin , Mohebat Razieh , Kangani Mehrnoosh
Published: November 2016

A highly efficient one-pot, two-step microwave-assisted procedure was applied for the rapid and green synthesis of benzo[a]phenazine annulated heterocyclic ring systems from the three- or four-component condensation reactions of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, o-phenylenediamine, aromatic aldehydes and 1,3-indandione using L-proline as a bifunctional organocatalyst in water. This new procedure has a number of advantages such as high yields, very short reaction times, operational simplicity, simple work-up procedures and avoidance of hazardous or toxic catalysts and organic solvents. Moreover, the catalyst can be recovered and reused several times without much loss of its performance.
Community structure and systematic study of Helminth parasites of freshwater snails of the Chittagong University Campus
Authors: Hasnath Mahabuba , Khan Md Abdul Gofur
Published: November 2016

In all, 13 parasite taxa - eight cercariae, three nematodes, one rhabdocoel and one aspidogastrean - were recorded from 205 out of the 642 snails autopsied. Of the carcariae, xiphidiocercous was the most diversified (five taxa), followed by the echinostome (two) and the furcocercous (one). Infection by the nematodes, though rather poor in diversity, was much higher (23.99%) than that (12.15%) by the developmental stages of Trematoda. The rhabdocoel and the aspidogastrean were minor infestors having 1.56% and 2.80% prevalence, respectively. Bellamya bengalensis was the most abundant host, had the highest parasite diversity (12 taxa) and also the highest prevalence of infection (51.59%). Though the second highest abundant host, Paludomus blanfordiana had the least parasite diversity (only an oxyurid nematode) and a very low prevalence (2.04%) as well. Brotia costula, the big strong snail harboured two taxa (a carcaria and a nematode), and also had a low prevalence (8.65%). The amphibious Pila globosa, though least abundant among the four hosts, had moderately high parasite diversity (four carcariae and two nematodes) and prevalence (40.26%).Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 9-30, 2016
Ovicidal and repellent effects of some spice powders against the Callosobruchus chinensis L. and C. maculatus (F.)
Authors: Mahdi Shah HA
Published: November 2016

The ovicidal and repellent effects of 11 spice powders against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L. and C. maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored chickpea and black gram, respectively was investigated. The spice powders of black cumin, black pepper, cinnamon, clove, coriander, cumin, green cardamom, large cardamom, nutmeg, red pepper and Trigonella were used throughout the experiment. The data were recorded on oviposition after 30, 60 and 100 days and repellent activity after 1 to 5 hours of treatment doses of 25 and 37.5 mg/g spice powders, which were applied with chickpea and black gram seed on C. chinensis L. and C. maculatus (F.), respectively. Minimum number of oviposition was observed in black pepper, clove and cinnamon treated pulses, while maximum number was recorded in control treatments. The ovicidal activity of the spice powders was in the order of black pepper > clove > cinnamon > nutmeg > black cumin > cumin > green cardamom > red pepper > coriander > large cardamom > Trigonella> as control for C. chinensis L. and black pepper> clove> cinnamon> nutmeg> black cumin> cumin> green cardamom> red pepper> coriander> Trigonella> large cardamom> as control for C. maculatus (F.). Black peeper, clove, cinnamon and nutmeg showed repellant activity against adult C. chinensis L., and black peeper, clove and cinnamon showed repellant activity against adult C. maculatus (F.) while the others spices did not show any repellency.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 51-59, 2016
Influence of physico-chemical factors on the zooplankton population of Bostami pond of Chittagong
Authors: Akter Sajeda , Bhouyain Abdul Maleque , Azad Subarna , Nasrin Dilshad
Published: November 2016

The study was conducted on the influence of physico-chemical factors on the zooplankton of Bostami pond in Chittagong city for a period of one year from February 2013 to January 2014. During this study the water depth varied from 1.54 to 2.53 m, water temperature 24.5 to 32.6°C, conductivity 0.234 to 0.297 mS, turbidity 26.55 to 33.41 ntu, light intensity 27 to 39.5 lux, total dissolved solids 161 to 191 ppm, pH 7.02 to 7.79, dissolved oxygen 3.4 to 5.73 ppm, free carbon dioxide 2.82 to 5.85 ppm, and calcium 25.08 to 43.03 ppm. It was found that the temperature was less during February 2013 and gradually increased up to June 2013. Then with a break in July it gradually decreased until the next January 2014. More or less reverse data observed for the monthly variation of conductivity, total dissolved solids and calcium. Free carbon dioxide is inversely related with water depth and pH. In total 19 species of zooplankton were identified, where 16 rotifera were the dominant followed by two copepods and one cladoceran. Among these, Brachionus diversicornis, B. angularis, B. quadridentatus, B. falcatus, B. calyciflorus, B. forficula, B. caudatus, Platyias patulus, Keratella cochlearis, Lecane luna, Trichocerca cylindrica, Polyarthra vulgaris, Asplanchna priodonta, A. brightwelli, Filinia longiseta, F. terminalis, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Cyclops varicans rubellus and Moina brachiata were the most common species in the pond throughout the year. Abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton indicated that the nutrient quality of the pond water was good. The total phytoplankton varied from 842 to 2223 individuals/l and total zooplankton 187 to 494 individuals/l; with rotifera 105 to 266 individuals/l, copepoda 43 to 135 individuals/l and cladocera from 39 to 115 individuals/l throughout the year. Plankton abundance and physico-chemical characteristics of the Bostami pond indicate that the pond is eutrophic in nature.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 73-87, 2016
Influence of habitat parameters on common skipper frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) in Chittagong
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Abdul Wahed , Rahman Md Mizanur , Khan Md Abdul Gofur
Published: November 2016

Habitat selection of common skipper frog [Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799)] was studied by a sampling (covering all the three seasons) of data collection on six abiotic (size and depth of water body, air and water temperature, dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide) and three biotic (plant species richness, zooplankton species richness and zooplankton density) factors of three ponds in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The discriminant analysis, cluster analysis and paired t-test of total data revealed that the three water bodies functioned as separate systems. Of the nine factors, only four (AT, WT, FCO2 and Zp_den) had individual significant influence on the frog at least at one of the ponds. However, the maximum R2 value (0.712, p < 0.001) indicates that at least some important factors were not included in the investigation.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 133-146, 2016
Influence of Surface Roughness and Agitation on the Morphology of Magnetite Films Electrodeposited on Carbon Steel Substrates
Authors: Jeon Soon-Hyeok , Choi Won-Ik , Song Geun-Dong , Son Yeong-Ho , Hur Do
Published: November 2016

In this work, we investigated the effects of surface roughness and agitation on the morphology of magnetite films electrodeposited from alkaline Fe(III)-triethanolamine (TEA) solutions on carbon steel substrates. The surface roughness of the carbon steel substrates was maintained in the range of 1.64–0.06 μm by using mechanical grinding and polishing methods. The agitation speed was set at 0 and 900 rpm during the electrodeposition process. The particle size and surface roughness value of the magnetite films gradually decreased with decreasing substrate roughness. However, the influence of the substrate roughness on the thickness of the magnetite film was negligible. The morphology of the magnetite film fabricated at 900 rpm appeared to be highly faceted compared to that of the magnetite film produced at 0 rpm. The thickness and surface roughness of the magnetite film significantly increased with the agitation speed, which also significantly affected the electrodeposition efficiency. The effects of substrate surface roughness and agitation on the morphology of magnetite films electrodeposited on carbon steel substrates were also discussed. The obtained results provide critical information for the simulation of magnetite deposits on carbon steel pipes in the secondary systems of nuclear power plants.
A Review on the Fabrication of Hierarchical ZnO Nanostructures for Photocatalysis Application
Authors: Xia Yi , Wang Jing , Chen Ruosong , Zhou Dali , Xiang Lan
Published: November 2016

Semiconductor photocatalysis provides potential solutions for many energy and environmental-related issues. Recently, various semiconductors with hierarchical nanostructures have been fabricated to achieve efficient photocatalysts owing to their multiple advantages, such as high surface area, porous structures, as well as enhanced light harvesting. ZnO has been widely investigated and considered as the most promising alternative photocatalyst to TiO2. Herein, we present a review on the fabrication methods, growth mechanisms and photocatalytic applications of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures. Various synthetic strategies and growth mechanisms, including multistep sequential growth routes, template-based synthesis, template-free self-organization and precursor or self-templating strategies, are highlighted. In addition, the fabrication of multicomponent ZnO-based nanocomposites with hierarchical structures is also included. Finally, the application of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures and nanocomposites in typical photocatalytic reactions, such as pollutant degradation and H2 evolution, is reviewed.
Assessment of a Smart Sensing Shoe for Gait Phase Detection in Level Walking
Authors: Carbonaro Nicola , Lorussi Federico , Tognetti Alessandro
Published: November 2016

Gait analysis and more specifically ambulatory monitoring of temporal and spatial gait parameters may open relevant fields of applications in activity tracking, sports and also in the assessment and treatment of specific diseases. Wearable technology can boost this scenario by spreading the adoption of monitoring systems to a wide set of healthy users or patients. In this context, we assessed a recently developed commercial smart shoe—the FootMoov—for automatic gait phase detection in level walking. FootMoov has built-in force sensors and a triaxial accelerometer and is able to transmit the sensor data to the smartphone through a wireless connection. We developed a dedicated gait phase detection algorithm relying both on force and inertial information. We tested the smart shoe on ten healthy subjects in free level walking conditions and in a laboratory setting in comparison with an optical motion capture system. Results confirmed a reliable detection of the gait phases. The maximum error committed, on the order of 44.7 ms, is comparable with previous studies. Our results confirmed the possibility to exploit consumer wearable devices to extract relevant parameters to improve the subject health or to better manage his/her progressions.
Community-Based Reasoning in Games: Salience, Rule-Following, and Counterfactuals
Authors: Hédoin Cyril
Published: November 2016

This paper develops a game-theoretic and epistemic account of a peculiar mode of practical reasoning that sustains focal points but also more general forms of rule-following behavior which I call community-based reasoning (CBR). It emphasizes the importance of counterfactuals in strategic interactions. In particular, the existence of rules does not reduce to observable behavioral patterns but also encompasses a range of counterfactual beliefs and behaviors. This feature was already at the core of Wittgenstein’s philosophical account of rule-following. On this basis, I consider the possibility that CBR may provide a rational basis for cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma.
Construct Validity of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument in African American Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Pandya Ekta , Mistry Jay , Dobhal Megha , Borra Sujana , Paxton Raheem
Published: November 2016

Limited data exist on the validity of the Late-Life Function and Disability (LLFD) instrument in cancer survivors. We examined the construct validity of the abbreviated LLFD instrument in a sample of African-American breast cancer survivors. African American breast cancer survivors (n = 181) aged 50 years and older completed the abbreviated LLFD instrument and questions about sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach alphas, and structural models were used to evaluate the construct validity of these measures. Minor modifications were made to the three-factor functional component portion of the inventory to improve model fit. Cronbach alpha’s (range 0.85–0.92) and inter-factor correlations (r = 0.3–0.5, all p < 0.05) were appropriate. The two-factor disability component fit the data and Cronbach alpha’s (0.91 and 0.98) were appropriate with a high inter-factor correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). The average variance extracted (range = 0.55–0.93) and composite reliabilities (range = 0.86–0.98) were in acceptable ranges. Floor effects ranged from 7% for advanced lower function to 74% for personal role disability. Education and number of comorbidities were correlated significantly with functional outcomes. The abbreviated LLFD instrument had adequate construct validity in this sample of African American breast cancer survivors. Further studies are needed that examine the stability of the instrument over time.
Visualization of Oxidative Stress Induced by Experimental Periodontitis in Keap1-Dependent Oxidative Stress Detector-Luciferase Mice
Authors: Kataoka Kota , Ekuni Daisuke , Tomofuji Takaaki , Irie Koichiro , Kunitomo Muneyoshi , Uchida Yoko , Fukuhara Daiki , Morita Manabu
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a Keap1-dependent oxidative stress detector-luciferase (OKD-LUC) mouse model would be useful for the visualization of oxidative stress induced by experimental periodontitis. A ligature was placed around the mandibular first molars for seven days to induce periodontitis. Luciferase activity was measured with an intraperitoneal injection of d-luciferin on days 0, 1, and 7. The luciferase activity in the periodontitis group was significantly greater than that in the control group at seven days. The expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and malondialdehyde in periodontal tissue were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the control group. Immunofluorescent analysis confirmed that the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) occurred more frequently in the periodontitis group than in the control group. This study found that under oxidative stress induced by experimental periodontitis, the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathway was activated and could be visualized from the luciferase activity in the OKD-LUC model. Thus, the OKD-LUC mouse model may be useful for exploring the mechanism underlying the relationship between the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathway and periodontitis by enabling the visualization of oxidative stress over time.
Correction: Zhongjie Xu, et al. Analysis of the Interaction of Dp44mT with Human Serum Albumin and Calf Thymus DNA using Molecular Docking and Spectroscopic Techniques. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1042
Authors: Xu Zhongjie , Liu Youxun , Zhou Sufeng , Fu Yun , Li Changzheng
Published: November 2016

n/a
Simulating the Response of Estuarine Salinity to Natural and Anthropogenic Controls
Authors: Paramygin Vladimir , Sheng Y. , Davis Justin , Herrington Karen
Published: November 2016

The response of salinity in Apalachicola Bay, Florida to changes in water management alternatives and storm and sea level rise is studied using an integrated high-resolution hydrodynamic modeling system based on Curvilinear-grid Hydrodynamics in 3D (CH3D), an oyster population model, and probability analysis. The model uses input from river inflow, ocean and atmospheric forcing and is verified with long-term water level and salinity data, including data from the 2004 hurricane season when four hurricanes impacted the system. Strong freshwater flow from the Apalachicola River and good connectivity of the bay to the ocean allow the estuary to restore normal salinity conditions within a few days after the passage of a hurricane. Various scenarios are analyzed; some based on observed data and others using altered freshwater inflow. For observed flow, simulated salinity agrees well with the observed values. In scenarios that reflect increased water demand (~1%) upstream of the Apalachicola River, the model results show slightly (less than 5%) increased salinity inside the Bay. A worst-case sea-level rise (~1 m by 2100) could increase the bay salinity by up to 20%. A hypothesis that a Sumatra gauge may not fully represent the flow into Apalachicola Bay was tested and appears to be substantiated.
Effect of Different Current Values on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Steels Joined by the Submerged Arc Welding Method
Authors: Karabulut Hasan , Türkmen Mustafa , Erden Mehmet , Gündüz Süleyman
Published: November 2016

In this study, microalloyed steels were joined by using the submerged arc welding method at different welding currents of 350 A, 400 A and 450 A. The effects of selected welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded materials were investigated. Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed. Microstructural changes have been identified in the welding zone. The results showed an increase in hardness and tensile strength depending on the current intensity. The heat affected zone was observed much wider with the increase in welding current.