bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Оценка биологически активной эритемной УФ-радиации и УФ-ресурсов в Крыму
Authors: Чубарова Н. Е. , Жданова Е. Ю. , Лапченко В. А. , Знаменская Л. В.
Published: October 2021

Изучена временная динамика биологически активной эритемной УФ-радиации (Qery) и факторов, её определяющих, в 2018–2019 гг. на территории Государственного природного заповедника «Карадагский» (КНС — ПЗ РАН — филиал ФИЦ ИнБЮМ) в Крыму. Суточные суммы Qery изменялись более чем в 10 раз, от 67,6 Джм-2 до 5856 Джм-2, и в целом соответствовали сезонному ходу высоты Солнца, однако за счёт плотной облачности поступление УФ-радиации могло ослабляться более чем в 5 раз, влияя на её биологическое воздействие. На основании данных измерений Qery оценены УФ-ресурсы в разные месяцы года. В холодный период (ноябрь — январь), когда степень открытости кожи человека (S) составляет 0,1 и высота Солнца низкая, наблюдаются условия УФ-недостаточности, когда невозможно формирование витамина D уже для второго типа кожи. Наиболее благоприятные условия для проведения гелиотерапии при таких величинах S наблюдаются в марте и октябре для второго типа кожи, а для четвёртого типа — в апреле и сентябре. При увеличении доли открытости тела за счёт рук, лица и шеи (S = 0,3) формирование витамина D возможно в течение всего года для второго типа кожи. В декабре и январе повторяемость таких условий составляет 10–30 %. В тёплый период года в Крыму, в утренние или вечерние часы, практически всегда есть условия для формирования дозы Qery, необходимой для синтеза витамина D. Летом для четвёртого типа кожи наблюдаются условия УФ-оптимума или УФ-избыточности первой степени.
Impulsively-Laser Excitation and Propagation of Ultrasonic Waves through Nanomagnetic Fluid
Authors: Baev A. R. , Мitkovets A. I. , Asadchaya M. V. , Mayorov A. L.
Published: October 2021

Magnetic fluids belong to the class of nanomaterials with a high gain of light absorption, aggregative and sedimentation stability as well as controllability by external fields, which is of interest to use in the field of optoacoustics. The purpose of the work was to experimentally study the effect of the optoacoustic transformation in a magnetic fluid, depending on the concentration of magnetic colloidal particles, boundary conditions, intensity of the laser as well as to identify the possibilities of using the magnetic fluid as an element of the optoacoustic transformation in a number of applications.

A brief analysis of the optoacoustic transformation mechanism in a magnetic fluid was carried out and a technique and an installation that implements the shadow measurement variant developed. A Lotis type laser was used as a source of ultrasonic pulse-laser excitation in magnetic fluids. A quartz and air were used as a material transmitting the energy of laser radiation in a magnetic fluid. Receiving of ultrasound signals was made by a piezoelectric probe at a working frequency of 5 MHz. In the measurement process, the concentration of the dispersed phase in tmagnetic fluid was varied from zero to 8 % and the energy in the impulse–from zero to 10 mJ.

For the first time, it was established that: a) an amplitude of the function of the optoacoustic transformation in a magnetic fluid, depending on the concentration of the dispersed phase, has a maximum determined by the fluid physical properties and boundary conditions; b) for all samples within the measurement error, a quasilinear dependence of the specified amplitude of energy in the laser pulse in the range of 0–8 MJ has been established.

A number ways of the optoacoustic effects in magnetic fluids to use in ultrasonic testing, measuring the intensity of the laser radiation had been suggested.
SOME TOPICAL ASPECTS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE OBJECTS OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Alekseeva L.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the most relevant aspects of the treatment of intangible assets of
business entities within the scope of their activities is currently not having proper reflection in normative documents, which should be on the basis of accounting objects of their intellectual property.
THE ROLE OF COORDINATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES OF MEMBER STATES INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Нursky V.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the phenomenon of coordination of industrial policies as a way to
resolve the conflict of modern international economic relations. The concept of modern industrial policy in the context of deepening globalization and expansion of international integration is clarified. It is proposed to expand the number of subjects of industrial policy by including transnational corporations, international financial organizations and industrial lobbies of foreign countries. The qualitative changes in the system of international economic relations due to the transformation of the interests of the subjects of industrial interaction are revealed, which increases the role of national industrial policies and causes an objective need for their interstate coordination and subordination.
THE FORMATION OF THE CLUSTER AND NETWORK ENVIRONMENT IN THE SPHERE OF SECONDARY DAIRY RESOURCES USAGE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Bakhmatova E.
Published: October 2021

The article explores the prospects of increasing the efficiency of commercial and innovative potential of secondary dairy resources market in the Republic of Belarus on the basis of cluster and network environment formation. The potential competitive benefits of cluster and network stratification at the level of organizations, industries and national economy in general are characterized. The network concept of business environment clustering in the sphere of secondary dairy resources usage in the Republic of Belarus has been proposed. The scheme of the formal organization of processes and the interaction order of potential cluster and network environment participants at various stages of network concept implementation is represented.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Zubritskaya I.
Published: October 2021

The article presents a conceptual model of the organizational and economic mechanism
of digital transformation of the manufacturing industry of the Republic of Belarus. Institutional features of digital transformation of manufacturing industry, interrelations of subjects of organizational and economic mechanism of its development, regulatory methods and tools of their interactions are revealed.
Transcriptome Dynamics Reveal Stage-Specific and Melatonin-Triggered Gene Expression Patterns During The Cashmere Growth Cycle in Capra Hircus
Authors: Li Chun , Feng Cong , Ma Guangyuan , Fu Shaoyin , Chen Ming , Zhang Wenguang , Li Jinquan
Published: October 2021

Background

Cashmere goat is famous for its high-quality fibers. The growth of cashmere in secondary hair follicles exhibits a seasonal pattern arising from circannual changes in the natural photoperiod. Although several studies have compared and analyzed the differences in gene expression between different cashmere growth stages, the selection of samples in these studies relies on research experience or morphological evidence. Distinguishing cashmere growth cycle according to gene expression patterns may help to explore the regulation mechanisms related to cashmere growth and the effect of melatonin from a molecular level more accurately.
Results

In this study, we applied RNA-sequencing to the hair follicles of three normal and three melatonin-treated Inner Mongolian cashmere goats sampled every month during a whole cashmere growth cycle. A total of 3559 and 988 genes were subjected as seasonal changing genes (SCGs) in the control and treated groups, respectively. The SCGs in the normal group are divided into three clusters, and their specific expression patterns help to group the cashmere growth cycle into anagen, catagen and telogen stages. Some canonical pathways such as Wnt, TGF-beta and Hippo signaling pathways are detected as promoting the cashmere growth, while Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT, Fc epsilon RI, NOD-like receptor, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, NF-kappa B and many immune-related pathways are detected in the catagen and telogen stages. The PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and Focal adhesion are found in the transition stage between telogen to anagen, which may serve as candidate biomarkers for telogen-anagen regeneration. Pairwise comparisons between the control and melatonin-treated groups also indicate 941 monthly differentially expressed genes (monthly DEGs). These monthly DEGs are mainly distributed from April and September, which reveal a potential signal pathway map regulating the anagen stage triggered by melatonin. Enrichment analysis shows that Wnt, Hedgehog, ECM, Chemokines and NF-kappa B signaling pathways may be involved in the regulation of non-quiescence and secondary shedding under the influence of melatonin.
Conclusions

Our study decodes the key regulators of the whole cashmere growth cycle, laying the foundation for the control of cashmere growth and improvement of cashmere yield.
Ground Motion Parameters For the 2015 Nepal Earthquake
Authors: Basu Jahnabi , Podili Bhargavi , Raghukanth S. T. G. , Srinag D
Published: October 2021

The 25th April 2015 Nepal earthquake is the first major event in the Himalayan orogeny that provides a relatively well recorded dataset. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the mainshock and its five major aftershocks through 21 well established ground motion parameters. The analysis is presented for near field stations of the Kathmandu basin and far field stations of the Indo-Ganga basin, including the site response behavior with varying sediment thickness. In addition, a new ground motion model is derived for all the 21 parameters using moment magnitude, rupture distance, site class and sediment depth as predictor variables.
Persulfate Activation by Ferrocene-based Metal-organic Framework Microspheres for Efficient Oxidation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Lv Xiaoyu , Leng Yanqiu , Wang Rongyao , Wei Yan , Ren Xiaohua , Guo Weilin
Published: October 2021

Ferrocene-based metal-organic framework with different transition metals (M-Fc-MOFs, M=Fe, Mn, Co) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for persulfate activation. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray electron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the influences of factors such as catalyst dosage, persulfate concentration and pH on the degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) were studied in detail. The results showed that hollow cobalt-based ferrocenyl metal-organic framework microspheres (Co-Fc-MOFs) exhibited the best catalytic performance, which is closely related to the synergy of Fc/Fc+ and Co2+/Co3+ cycles in persulfate activation. Free radical quenching studies indicated that both sulfate and hydroxyl appeared to contribute to the degradation of AO7.
Circulating Tumor Cell Methylation Profiles Reveal the Classification and Evolution of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jiang Jia-Hao , Chen Chang-Yue , Gao Jian , Li Jing , Lu Yuan , Fang Wang , Wang Hai-Kun , Yuan Yun-Feng , Ding Jian-Yong
Published: October 2021

Backgrounds: The ability of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to identify lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) holds great promise for improving pathological diagnosis and selecting treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, previous studies have shown that DNA methylation exhibits cell and tissue specificity. Thus, we aimed to explore the methylation status of CTCs in LUAD and LUSC and identify the potential biomarkers. Methods: we first analyzed Infinium 450K methylation profiles obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus and further identified the results by performing whole-genome sequencing of CTCs in tumor and matched normal lung tissues and white blood cells from 6 NSCLC patients. Results: the bioinformatic analysis revealed that an NSCLC-specific DNA methylation marker panel which could accurately distinguish between LUAD and LUSC with high diagnostic accuracy. The whole-genome sequencing of CTCs in NSCLC patients also showed 100% accuracy for distinguishing between LUAD and LUSC based on CTC methylation profiles. To investigate the function of CTCs, we further analyzed similar and different methylation profiles between CTCs and their primary tumors and found very high similarities between CTCs and their primary tumor tissues, indicating that these cells inherit information from primary tumors. CTCs also showed some characteristics that were different from those of the primary tumor tissues, suggesting that CTCs evolve some unique characteristics after migrating from the primary tumor; these characteristics may be one of the reasons for the ability of tumor cells to evade immune surveillance.Conclusion: thus, our study provides insight into the potential use of CTCs in pathological classification of NSCLC patients as well as CTC primary tumor inheritance and CTC evolution influence metastasis and immune escape.
Dynamics of a degenerately damped stochastic Lorenz-Stenflo system
Authors: Zhou Liangke , Zeng Caibin
Published: October 2021

Little seems to be known about the sensitivity of steady states for stochastic systems. This paper discusses such dynamics of a degenerately damped stochastic Lorenz-Stenflo model. Precisely, the solution is proved to be a nice diffusion via the Lie bracket technique and non-trivial Lyapunov functions. The finiteness of the expected positive recurrence time entails the existence problem. On the other hand, a cut-off function is constructed to show the non-existence result via proof by contradiction. For other interesting cases, the expected recurrence time is shown to be infinite.
ISG20L2 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Facilitates the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer Via Glycolysis
Authors: Wei Jianming , Gao Xibo , Ren Bingbing , Sun Daqing , Liu Tong
Published: October 2021

Background: Longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) in western populations, and PC is also a cause of T2DM. However, the association of glucose metabolism between T2DM and PC remains unclear. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by bioinformatic analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE20966 and GSE16515, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the Kaplan-Meier (KM) Plotter and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were applied. Pancreatic cancer cell lines and primary PDAC samples were used. Cell culture, immunohistochemistry (IHC), siRNA transfection, Western blot, RT-PCR, and migration assay, animal xenograft model studies and statistical analysis were performed in this study. Results: We identified 64 DEGs in GSE20966 of T2DM, and 296 DEGs were identified in GSE16515 of pancreatic cancer, respectively. T2DM-DEGs were mainly enriched in synaptic vesicle cycle, protein export. KEGG pathways in pancreatic cancer included spliceosome, RNA transport. Here, ISG20L2 was identified as only a co-expressed gene between T2DM and PDAC. We found that the expression of ISG20L2 was associated with tumor immune cell infiltration. ISG20L2 was significantly upregulated in PDAC and associated with prognosis of PDAC patients. Moreover, ISG20L2 expression was regulated by GLUT1 , HK2 , LDHA , PKM1 and PKM2 related with glycolysis in PDAC. ISG20L2 promoted PDAC cell proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This study showed that ISG20L2 promoted the progression and ISG20L2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy in PDAC.
Synthesize Analysis of the IFN-γ and Immune Infiltrates of m6A RNA Methylation Regulators in Human Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Huang Le , Li Mingxin , Qi Yunfeng
Published: October 2021

Background: SKCM is a major common cancer with highly mortality and morbidity, causing about 72% of deaths in skin carcinoma. In recent years, more scholars have selected one or two m6A regulatory factors to explore the abnormal expression and potential mechanism of m6A in tumorigenesis and development. So as to find the relevant biomarkers in the whole tumorigenesis process.Methods: In current study, we used public transcriptome datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) to investigate the relationships between N6-methyl adenosine(m6A) regulators genes and Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Then, SKCM patients were grouped based on the cluster analysis of m6A regulators expression. Compared the relationship between Interferon (IFN)-γ and immune infiltrates. Results: Based on the survival curves of subgroups, we selected 20 potential predictive m6A-related genes were overexpressed in SKCM. And based on the typing results, we got the 15 differential expression genes between the three groups. Four of them (CYP2U1, SEMA6A, GRIA2, and TSPAN13) were selected in Cox regression, which were significant expression in overall survival(p<0.05). Interferon (IFN)-γ is a central cytokine, which effecting immune-provoking and recognizing transformed cells in anti-tumour immunity. Conclusions: To investigate the correlation between IFN-γ and SKCM. We have identified that IFN-γ is a potential factor for cancer therapy, and affecting expression pathways of SKCM. Among them, IFN-γ and WTAP were the most positive correlation. These sights suggest that IFN-γ can potentially be utilized for immune pathway such as melanoma skin cancer.
Incorporation of potent and selective cytochrome P450 1B1 inhibitors into Ru(II) scaffolds provides unprecedented control over enzyme activity with light
Authors: Havrylyuk Dmytro , Hachey Austin , Fenton Alexander , Heidary David , Glazer Edith
Published: October 2021

The cytochrome P450 family of enzymes (CYPs) are important targets for medicinal chemistry. Recently, CYP1B1 has emerged as a key player in chemotherapy resistance in the treatment of cancer. This enzyme is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, and is correlated with poor treatment outcomes; thus, it is desirable to develop CYP1B1 inhibitors to restore chemotherapy efficacy. However, possible off-target effects, such as inhibition of liver CYPs responsible for first pass metabolism, make selective inhibition a high priority to avoid possible drug-drug interactions and toxicity. Here we describe the creation of light-triggered CYP1B1 inhibitors as “prodrugs”, and achieve >6,000-fold improvement in potency upon activation with low energy (660 nm) light. The novel systems provide a selectivity index of 4,000–100,000 over other off-target CYPs. One key to the design was the development of novel, coordinating CYP1B1 inhibitors which suppress enzyme activity at pM concentrations in live cells. The coordinating group enforces inhibitor orientation in the active site by anchoring to the iron. The second essential component was the biologically compatible Ru(II) scaffold that cages the inhibitors before photochemical release. These Ru(II) photocages are anticipated to provide similar selectivity and control for any coordinating CYP inhibitors.
Automatic Freezing-Tolerant Rapeseed Material Recognition Using UAV Images and Deep Learning
Authors: Li Lili , Qiao Jiangwei , Yao Jian , Li Jie , Li Li
Published: October 2021

Background: Freezing injury is a serious and common damage that occurs to winter rapeseed during the overwintering period. The freezing injury directly reduces the rapeseed yield and causes serious economic loss. Thus, it is an important and urgent task for crop breeders to find the freezing-tolerant rapeseed materials in the process of breeding. Existing large-scale freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition methods mainly rely on the field investigation conducted by the agricultural experts using some professional equipment. These methods are time-consuming, inefficient and laborious. In addition, the accuracy of these traditional methods depends heavily on the knowledge and experience of experts. Methods: To solve these problems of existing methods, we propose a low-cost freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition approach using deep learning technology and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images captured by a consumer drone. We formulate the problem of freezing-tolerant material recognition as a binary classification problem, which can be solved well using deep learning technology. The proposed method can automatically and efficiently recognize the freezing-tolerant rapeseed materials from a large number of candidates. To train the deep learning network, we first manually construct the real dataset using the UAV images of rapeseed materials collected by the Phantom 4 Pro. Then, five classic deep learning networks (AlexNet, VGGNet16, ResNet18, ResNet50 and GoogLeNet) are selected to perform the freezing-tolerant rapeseed material recognition. Result and Conclusion: The accuracy of the five deep learning networks used in our work is all over 92%. Especially, ResNet50 provides the best accuracy (93.33%) in this task. In addition, we also compare deep learning networks with traditional machine learning methods. The comparison results show that the deep learning-based approach significantly outperforms the traditional machine learning-based methods in our task. The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognize the freezing-tolerant rapeseed using UAV images and deep learning.
The Association Between Suicide Risk and Affective Temperaments in First-Episode and Neuroleptic-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yin Lu , Wang Ting-Ting , Wei Yan-Yan , Zhang Li-Gang , Zhou Shuang-Jiang , Zhang Li-Ye , Yu Jian-Jin , Li Hong-Juan , Chen Jing-Xu
Published: October 2021

Background

Suicide risk is associated with depression. Affective temperaments may play a role in this risk. We explored the relationship between affective temperaments and suicide and identified some traits that can predict suicide risk in depression.
Methods

We analyzed the results of Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) in 284 participants recruited from a psychiatric clinic and the community in Beijing and compared the subscale scores (cyclothymic, dysthymic, anxious, irritable and hyperthymic) among major depressive disorder (MDD) versus the general population as well as depressive patients with versus without suicide risk, using student’s test, Chi-square test, rank sum test, multivariable regression modeling and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results

The incidence of suicidal risk in depressive subjects was 47.62% (80/168). Being unmarried (P<0.001), unemployment (P=0.007) and temperaments of dysthymic, cyclothymic, anxious, and irritable scores (all P<0.05) were significantly more prevalent in depressive patients than in the general population. A young age (P<0.001), female sex (P=0.037), being unmarried (P=0.001), more severe depression (P<0.001), and dysthymic, anxious and cyclothymic temperament (all P<0.05) were significantly more prevalent in depressive disorder patients with suicide risk than in those without suicide risk. The logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (OR=0.937, 95% CI 0.905~0.970), female sex (OR=2.606, 95% CI 1.142~5.948), more severe depression (OR=1.145, 95% CI 1.063~1.234), cyclothymic temperament (OR=1.275, 95% CI 1.102~1.475) and dysthymic temperament (OR=1.265, 95% CI 1.037~1.542) were all independently associated with high suicidal risk in first-episode major depressive patients (P<0.05). By ROC analysis, the area under the compound factor (age, sex, HAMD score without the 3rd item, cyclothymic and dysthymic temperament) was 0.853 (95% CI 0.790~0.903).
Conclusion

The suicide rate in first-episode neuroleptic-naïve major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects was higher than we thought. Temperament traits differ between the general population and those with major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder subjects with much more severe depressive symptoms and cyclothymic or dysthymic temperament were at high risk of suicide. Compound factors (age, sex, HAMD score without the 3rd item, cyclothymic and dysthymic temperament score) could be predictors of suicide risk in the clinic.
Comparing Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Techniques for Thyroid Nodules - Is The Short Axis Better Than The Long Axis?
Authors: Farhat Raed , Wallach Leemor , Avraham Yaniv , Tsipis Alex , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Alkhatib Nidal , Merchavy Shlomo
Published: October 2021

Background: Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC US) has been proven to be an accurate and efficient tool in thyroid nodule evaluation. Thyroid nodule aspiration can be acquired with either of two techniques: the short axis, in which only the tip of the needle is observed, and the long axis, in which the entire length of the needle is observed. Our retrospective study aimed to compare the adequacy of the two techniques. Methods: FNAC US was performed in 357 thyroid nodules between January 2019 and December 2019. Data on the technique and the diagnostic accuracy were collected. Results: A total of 181 nodules were aspirated using the long axis technique, and 176 nodules were aspirated using the short axis technique. The diagnostic adequacies of the long axis technique were significantly higher than those of the short axis technique. technique (93% versus 83%, respectively, p< 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, the long axis technique provided more accurate cytological evaluation than the short axis technique.
Perceptions of Self Sampling and Urine Sampling Versus Traditional Pap Smear in Rural Settings of Cuenca Ecuador
Authors: Vega Bernardo , Neira Vivian Alejandra , Ortíz José , Rengel Ruth Maldonado – , López Diana , Guerra Gabriela , Orellana María Paz , Benoy Ina , Carreño Tesifón Parrón , Verhoeven Veronique
Published: October 2021

Background: Cervical cancer screening has demonstrated high effectiveness reducing cervical cancer mortality worldwide, however there is still a high rate of under screened women. Pap smear technique is often considered an uncomfortable examination technique that can reduce uptake of the examination. This study explores the perceptions of self sampling and urine sampling versus traditional pap smear in rural settings of Cuenca Ecuador.Methods A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was performed. Focus groups were conducted in El Valle parish of Azuay province of Cuenca Ecuador. Women natives of this rural area were included in this research. Results A total of 45 women, have participated in 7 focus groups, all participants live in rural area. Pap smear technique is considered a painful, intrusive and embarrassing method, however participants believe that is more reliable, compared with self sampling methods, due a direct visualization of the cervix and because other problems could be detected during the examination. Advantages of self-sampling include that it is perceived as comfortable, less painful, participation rate, time-saving, because it can be done at home, and can be made widely available for example through pharmacies or with help of traditional healers . Barriers are related with doubts of the quality of the sample and lack of capability to perform it. Conclusions This study shows that women consider self sampling methods as a possible solution to overcome barriers that could reduce the uptake of cervical cancer screening; privacy, comfortability and accessibility are major advantages of those methods. Self examination at home reduces waiting times in health centers, with high demand of attention or during Covid pandemic. Barriers are mainly related with doubts in the self proficiency to perform the test and the accuracy of the results. Those doubts are understandable, because self sampling methods are never used before in Ecuador, and could be solved with an adequate training and information for the patients. Further studies that measure acceptability and sensitivity in real application are required to address the utility of self sampling methods in a rural context.
Combinatorial Association Mining Method for High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Jiang jianwu , Gong xu , Li jingwen , Lu yanling
Published: October 2021

Aiming at the problems of low mining efficiency, strong subjectivity and too many association relations generated by classical mining algorithms, a novel algorithm for association rule mining of high-dimensional data is designed in terms of both sample selection and association rule generation. The algorithm reduces the impact of weak samples at the beginning of mining by calculating the distribution coefficients and deletion thresholds of the samples and synthesizing custom support to double screen the samples at the first reading of the dataset. When generating frequent items and association rules, the algorithm mines information in a sample relationship table and sample the full relationship combination mode, which reduces the complexity and resource consumption of the mining process. The experimental results show that the number of frequent items and association rules mined by the Marc algorithm is significantly reduced, and the mining efficiency and memory consumption of the Marc algorithm are better than those of the Apriori, FP growth and Eclat algorithms. The higher the dimension is, the larger the data set is, and the more obvious the advantage is. The accuracy of the Marc algorithm for mining frequent items and association relations is 100%.
Gut Microbiota Structure of Dead Migratory Birds in Dali Nouer Lake, Chifeng City, China, based on Bacterial 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
Authors: Zheng Lin , Zhu Ling-Wei , liu Ming-Wei , Guan Jia-yao , Xie Lin-Hong , Jing Jie , Lu Ge-Jin , Ji Xue , Chu Dong , Guo Xue-Jun , Chen Ping , Sun Yang
Published: October 2021

21 In August 2018, hundreds of migratory birds died in the area of Dali Nouer Lake, Chifeng City, 22 China. We collected the remains of dead birds along with water and aquatic plants from the birds’ 23 environment. The bacterial communities of all samples were profiled by high-throughput 24 sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA amplicon. At the genus level, 25 Bacteroides, Clostridium, Plesiomonas, Vibrio, Fusobacterium, and Aeromonas were the 26 dominant genera in dead birds, the lake water, and aquatic plants in 2018. However, the relative 27 abundances of these bacterial genera were significantly reduced compared with the levels obtained 28 from healthy migratory bird feces, lake water, and aquatic plants from the same place and time 29 period in 2019. Combined with environmental factors such as the changes in salt content and pH, 30 the invasion and reproduction of those pathogens may have promoted the decline and death of the 31 birds. 32 33
Investigation of Discordant SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Results Using Neat Saliva
Authors: White Dawn , Gu Jimmy , Steinberg Catherine-Jean , Yamamura Deborah , Salena Bruno J. , Balion Cynthia , Capretta Alfredo , Li Yingfu , Brennan John D.
Published: October 2021

Saliva is an attractive sample for coronavirus disease 2019 testing due its ease of collection and amenability to detect viral RNA without processing. Using a direct-to-RT-PCR method with saliva self-collected from confirmed COVID-19 positive volunteers, we observed 32% false negative results. Confirmed negative and healthy volunteer samples spiked with 106 genome copies/mL of heat-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 showed false negative results of 10% and 13%, respectively. Additional sample heating or dilution of the false negative samples conferred modest improvement. These results highlight the potential to significantly underdiagnose COVID-19 infections when testing directly from heterogeneous neat saliva samples.
Comprehending and Acting on Pandemic Health Risk Information Differently: A Qualitative Study Using the Mental Models’ Approach
Authors: Berg Siv Hilde , Shortt Marie Therese , Thune Henriette , Røislien Jo , O’Hara Jane K. , Lungu Daniel Adrian , Wiig Siri
Published: October 2021

BackgroundA worldwide pandemic of a new and unknown virus is characterised by scientific uncertainty. Yet, health authorities still need to communicate complex health risk information to the public – despite this uncertainty. The mental models approach to risk communication describes how people perceive and make decisions regarding complex risks, with the aim of identifying decision-relevant information that can be targeted in risk communication interventions. This study used COVID-19 as a case to explore how people make sense of scientific information and apply it to their lives and behaviour using the concept of mental models.MethodsThis qualitative study included 15 male and female participants of different ages and from different geographical regions in Norway, occupational areas and with different education levels. The participants were interviewed individually, and the interview data analysed via directed content analysis, with predetermined themes and codes derived the Norwegian Institute of Public Health’s official website. Materials in the interview data not represented by deductive codes were coded inductively. The participants’ perceptions and behaviours related to health risk information were analysed across three themes: virus transmission, exposure to risk and consequences of COVID-19. ResultsThe results imply that people put different meanings to the medical and scientific words used by experts to explain the pandemic, e.g. virus transmission and the reproduction number. And while some people expressed the need to comprehend why certain behavior and activities involve a high risk, others preferred simple, clear messages focusing on what to do and how to protect themselves. Similarly, information about health consequences caused panic for some and awareness for others. ConclusionThere is no one-size fits all to public health risk communication, and empowering people with decision-relevant information necessitates targeted and balanced risk communication.
A whole-brain monosynaptic input connectome to neuron classes in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Yao Shenqin , Wang Quanxin , Hirokawa Karla , Ouellette Benjamin , Ahmed Ruweida , Bomben Jasmin , Brouner Krissy , Casal Linzy , Caldejon Shiella , Cho Andy , Dotson Nadezhda , Daigle Tanya , Egdorf Tom , Enstrom Rachel , Gary Amanda , Gelfand Emily , Gorham Melissa , Griffin Fiona , Gu Hong , Hancock Nicole , Howard Robert , Kuan Leonard , Lambert Sophie , Lee Eric , Luviano Jennifer , Mace Kyla , Maxwell Michelle , Mortrud Marty , Naeemi Maitham , Nayan Chelsea , Ngo Nhan-Kiet , Nguyen Thuyanh , North Kat , Ransford Shea , Ruiz Augustin , Seid Sam , Swapp Jackie , Taormina Michael , Wakeman Wayne , Zhou Thomas , Nicovich Philip , Williford Ali , Potekhina Lydia , McGraw Medea , Ng Lydia , Groblewski Peter , Tasic Bosiljka , Mihalas Stefan , Harris Julie , Cetin Ali , Zeng Hongkui
Published: October 2021

Identification of the structural connections between neurons is a prerequisite to understanding brain function. We developed a pipeline to systematically map brain-wide monosynaptic inputs to specific neuronal populations using Cre-driver mouse lines and the recombinant rabies tracing system. We first improved the rabies virus tracing strategy to accurately identify starter cells and to efficiently quantify presynaptic inputs. We then mapped brain-wide presynaptic inputs to different excitatory and inhibitory neuron subclasses in the primary visual cortex and seven higher visual areas. Our results reveal quantitative target-, layer- and cell-class-specific differences in the retrograde connectomes, despite similar global input patterns to different neuronal populations in the same anatomical area. The retrograde connectivity we define is consistent with the presence of the ventral and dorsal visual information processing streams and reveals further subnetworks within the dorsal stream. The hierarchical organization of the entire visual cortex can be derived from intracortical feedforward and feedback pathways mediated by upper- and lower-layer input neurons, respectively. This study expands our knowledge of the brain-wide inputs regulating visual areas and demonstrates that our improved rabies virus tracing strategy can be used to scale up the effort in dissecting connectivity of genetically defined cell populations in the whole mouse brain.
scONE-seq: A one-tube single-cell multi-omics method enables simultaneous dissection of molecular phenotype and genotype heterogeneity from frozen tumors
Authors: Wu Angela , Yu Lei , Wang Xinlei , Mu Quanhua , Tam Sindy , Loi Danson , Chan Aden , Poon Wai Sang , Ng Ho-Keung , Chan Danny , Wang Jiguang
Published: October 2021

Genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity both play important roles in normal cellular function as well as in disease development. To be able to characterize these different forms of cellular heterogeneity in diverse sample types, we developed scONE-seq, which enables simultaneous transcriptome and genome profiling in a one-tube reaction. Previous single-cell-whole-genome-RNA-sequencing (scWGS-RNA-seq) methods require physical separation of DNA and RNA, often by physical separation of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Most of these methods are labor-intensive and technically demanding, time-consuming, or require special devices, and they are not applicable to frozen samples that cannot generate intact single-cell suspensions. scONE-seq is a one-tube reaction which eliminates loss due to transfer steps, and thus is highly scalable and compatible with frozen biobanked tissue, generating data that is superior in quality compared to other applicable methods. We benchmarked scONE-seq against existing methods using cell lines and lymphocytes from a healthy donor, and we applied it to a 2-year-frozen astrocytoma sample profiling over 1,200 nuclei, subsequently identifying a unique transcriptionally normal-like tumor clone. scONE-seq makes it possible to perform large-scale single-cell multi-omics interrogation with ease on the vast quantities of biobanked tissue, which could transform the scale of future multi-omics single-cell cancer profiling studies.
Pulmonary Vascular Volume is Associated With DLCO and Fibrotic Score in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Observational Study
Authors: Wu Wen-Jui , Huang Wei-Ming , Liang Chia-Hao , Yun Chun-Ho
Published: October 2021

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is primarily a disease of old age. However, it is difficult to diagnose and has a complex disease course. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and lung function test are crucial for its diagnosis and follow-up. However, the correlation of HRCT findings to lung function test results was not extensively investigated.Methods: This study retrospectively analysed the medical records and images of patients with IPF. Patients with evident emphysema and lung cancer were excluded. All included cases would be investigated through a multidiscipline discussion to confirm the diagnosis. The correlation of CT findings including fibrotic score, CT lung volume, pulmonary artery trunk (PA) diameter and pulmonary vascular volume (PVV) to the lung function test such as forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was analysed.Results: A total of 32 patients were included. The fibrotic score and PVV were significantly correlated with DLCO (r = 0.59, p = 0.01; r = −0.43, p = 0.03, respectively) but not with FVC. The PVV was significantly correlated with fibrotic score (r = 0.59, p<0.01) and PA diameter (r = 0.47, p = 0.006).Conclusion: Our study shows the structural and functional correlation of IPF. The extent of lung fibrosis (fibrotic score) and PVV were associated with DLCO but not with FVC, especially for patients with IPF without significant FVC deficiency. The PA diameter, which reflects the pulmonary artery pressure, was associated with PVV.
Information Needs of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in Germany: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Breuing Jessica , Könsgen Nadja , Doni Katharina , Neuhaus Annika Lena , Pieper Dawid
Published: October 2021

BackgroundObesity is a worldwide problem with different treatment options. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity; however, it leads to drastic changes (e.g., changes in everyday life and eating behavior) for patients, which may lead to information needs. Our aim was to identify the information needs of patients undergoing bariatric surgery and to explore the information provision within the healthcare process of bariatric surgery in Germany.MethodsWe conducted n=14 semi-structured telephone interviews between April 2018 and April 2019. The interview guide was designed prior to the interviews and consisted of 4 main sections (demographic information, pre- and postoperative healthcare provision, information needs). The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with MAXQDA software.ResultsThere were unmet information needs with two factors (time: pre/postoperative and categories of information: general/specific) to be considered. Due to the patients’ description of information, we categorized information into general (different surgical procedures, general nutritional information) and specific (occurring simultaneously with a problem) information. Most patients felt well informed concerning general information. However, it was pointed out that it was not possible to provide complete information preoperatively, as the need for information only arises when there are postoperative (specific) problems. In addition, there seems to be a high demand for specific postoperative information regarding nutrition and nutrition-related problems. However, patients stated that postoperative nutritional counseling is not reimbursed by health insurance funds. The information conveyed in support groups and the exchange of experiences are highly valued by patients. However, some patients describe the information provided within the support groups as unfiltered, frightening or exaggerated.ConclusionOverall, there were unmet information needs. Reimbursement by health insurance funds could increase the use of postoperative nutritional counseling and thus serve existing information needs. Support groups enable an exchange of experiences and therefore offer low-barrier access to information. Cooperation between support groups and healthcare professionals in information provision could be an approach to improving existing information needs or to avoiding the development of information gaps. Furthermore, the development and implementation of a digital solution for (postoperative) information dissemination could be helpful.
Silencing LncRNA SCAMP1 inhibits cell proliferation, induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ma Xiaochen , Sun Xiangyang , Li Caixia , Zhang Kai , Xie Yang
Published: October 2021

Background: Long noncoding RNA secretory carrier membrane protein 1 (SCAMP1) has been recently reported to be an oncogene in glioma and ovarian cancer. However, little is known about the clinical significance and functional role of SCAMP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: The expression of SCAMP1 was determined in tissue samples and cell lines using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The clinical significance of SCAMP1 in HCC was evaluated using chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier survival, as well as univariate and multivariate analysis. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, Flow cytometry analysis. Related protein expression levels were measured by western blot analysis.Results: We found SCAMP1 expression levels were remarkably up-regulated in HCC tissues compared to that in matched adjacent tissues. Increased SCAMP1 expression was significantly correlated with large tumor size, advanced TNM stage and poor survival prognosis in HCC. Knockdown of SCAMP1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 and SNU-182 cells. More importantly, knockdown of SCAMP1 downregulated the protein levels of CDK4, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2, while upregulated the protein levels of p21, p53 and Bax.Conclusions: In summary, our study clarified a positive correlation of the SCAMP1 levels with the HCC cell proliferation.
Statistical Distortion of Supervised Learning Predictions in Optical Microscopy Induced by Image Compression
Authors: Pomarico Enrico , Schmidt Cédric , Chays Florian , Nguyen David , Planchette Arielle , Tissot Audrey , Roux Adrien , Pagès Stéphane , Batti Laura , Clausen Christoph , Lasser Theo , Radenovic Aleksandra , Sanguinetti Bruno , Extermann Jérôme
Published: October 2021

The growth of data throughput in optical microscopy has triggered the extensive use of supervised learning (SL) models on compressed datasets for automated analysis. Investigating the effects of image compression on SL predictions is therefore pivotal to assess their reliability, especially for clinical use.We quantify the statistical distortions induced by compression through the comparison of predictions on compressed data to the raw predictive uncertainty, numerically estimated from the raw noise statistics measured via sensor calibration. Predictions on cell segmentation parameters are altered by up to 15% and more than 10 standard deviations after 16-to-8 bits pixel depth reduction and 10:1 JPEG compression. JPEG formats with higher compression ratios show significantly larger distortions. Interestingly, a recent metrologically accurate algorithm, offering up to 10:1 compression ratio, provides a prediction spread equivalent to that stemming from raw noise. The method described here allows to set a lower bound to the predictive uncertainty of a SL task and can be generalized to determine the statistical distortions originated from a variety of processing pipelines in AI-assisted fields.
A Survey of Crowd Counting CNN-based
Authors: gao hui , deng miaolei , zhao wenjun , zhang dexian
Published: October 2021

Benefiting from the powerful feature representation ability of deep learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) provides a better solution to estimate accurately the number of people in a crowded scene, but it still faces many problems that need to be solved urgently. It is one of the key and difficult points in the field to reduce the complexity of the network and to improve the real-time performance of the network, so as to improve the accuracy of crowd counting. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background and application of crowd counting. Secondly, it focuses on the commonly used counting model, loss function, and dataset and evaluation method. Then compare the performance structure, advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms horizontally on several published datasets. Finally, it summarizes the shortcomings of the existing crowd counting, put forward to the future research direction of crowd counting.