bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus and Uptake of its Vaccine among Female Undergraduate Students of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
Authors: Isara A.R. , Osayi N.
Published: April 2021

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prerequisite for the development of cervical cancer which is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide. The use of HPV vaccine has been found to be responsible for significant decline in the prevalence of HPV infection and consequently, of cervical cancer. This study assessed the knowledge of HPV and the uptake of HPV vaccine among female undergraduate students of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.Methods: This institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 229 students selected using multi-staged sampling technique. A structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. IBM SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05.Results: Only 12 (5.2%) students were knowledgeable about HPV and 39 (17.0%) were aware of the existence of HPV vaccines. The participants’ age (p = 0.031) and level of study (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with knowledge of HPV. Only 1 (0.44%) student had received the vaccine. Eight (10.8%) students had their sexual debut at 10 to 14 years, 9 (12.1%) had more than five sexual partners and 21 (23.4%) never used condom during sexual intercourse.Conclusion: The knowledge about HPV infection and uptake of HPV vaccine were very low in this study. Concerted effort should be made by health authorities to create awareness about HPV infection and its vaccine among university students. This will improve HPV vaccine uptake, prevent HPV infections and reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer.
Nutritional Status of Under-five Children living in Orphanages compared with their Counterparts living with their Families in Host Communities in Lagos State
Authors: Izuka M.O. , Olatona F.A. , Adeniyi O.F. , Onajole A.T.
Published: April 2021

Background: The prevalence of malnutrition in Nigerian orphanages is not clearly defined despite the high burden. This study was conducted to determine and compare the nutritional status of children living in orphanages and children living in the host communities.Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 180 under-five children each from orphanages and host communities. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demographic characteristics and nutrient intake. Weight, height, mid-upper-arm circumference and nutrient intake were assessed following standard procedures. SPSS (version 20.0) was used for data entry and analysis. Association between variables was determined using Chi-square, t-test or Fisher’s exact tests and level of significance was set at p < 0.05.Result: The mean age of the children in orphanages was 38.5 months while that of the children in the host communities was 38.3 months. Wasting and over-nutrition were significantly lower among children living in orphanages compared with those living in the host communities, (5.6% versus 14.4%, p=0.006) and (5.6% versus 13.9%, p=0.008), respectively. The proportion of children living in orphanages who met the Recommended Dietary Allowance for proteins (95%) was significantly higher than those in the host communities (88.9%), (p=0.033).Conclusion: The nutritional status of children living in the orphanages was better than that of the children living in their host communities. More interventions on feeding infant and young children are needed in communities in Lagos State to ensure better nutritional status.
Hygroscopic properties of thermally modified false Iroko [Antiaris toxicara (Lesch)]
Authors: Faruwa F.A. , Duru K.
Published: April 2021

The study investigated the use of thermal modification to improve the hygroscopic properties of False Iroko [Antiaris toxicaria (Lesch)]. Samples of Antiaris toxicara Lesch wood were subjected to thermal modification in a furnace at temperatures of 160, 180 and 200°C for 30 and 60 minutes. Results showed that wood properties were improved with exposure to different temperatures. Subsequent to the thermal process, a colour change from pale yellow to darkish brown was observed progressively with increase in temperature, accompanied by a weight loss in the range of 12.08% to 23.67%. The outcome of these treatments resulted in a decrease in volumetric swelling and increase in dimensional stability of modified wood; this can be attributed to observed decrease in moisture intake. The thermal modification of Antiaris toxicara Lesch wood affected the dimensional stability properties. Thus, due to significant changes via modification carried out on the selected species which is classified as lesser utilized wood species, lesser utilized wood,Antiaristoxicara Lesch wood is recommended for use due to its efficient dimensional stability after modification .

keywords:, Thermally modified wood ;False Iroko
Reproduction performance of beef cattle mated naturally following synchronization in the Central Bushveld bioregion of South Africa
Authors: Grobler SM , Scholtz MM , Greyling JPC , Neser FWC
Published: April 2021

The estimated calving percentage of beef cattle is 62% in the commercial sector of South Africa. Fertility is regarded as the main component influencing total herd efficiency in beef cattle. If the long calving seasons can be shortened and the calving percentage increased, more and heavier calves with a more uniform age can be weaned. Cows calving earlier in the season also have an extended “recovery period” and have the opportunity to calve in a better body condition during the next season, compared to cows calving late in the season. Cows that calve early also have a better chance of conceiving in the next breeding season and are generally seen as the more fertile animals. Research has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of oestrous synchronization followed by natural mating on the calving rate and calving distribution of multiparous beef cows. In this trial Bonsmara cows were mated naturally after synchronization over a period of four years (2009 - 2012) in an extensive production system on natural sour-mixed bushveld. The synchronized cows calved earlier during the 2009 calving season and cows in anoestrus started cycling again. The average days-to-calving after the start of the breeding season was 243 days for the synchronized cows and 267 for the non-synchronized cows. The calves born from the synchronized cows were therefore, on average, 24 days older than the calves born from the non-synchronized cows. From 2010 onwards the difference declined and it seems the biggest effect was obtained during the first year of synchronization.Keywords: Beef cattle, Marikana thorn veld, natural mating, oestrous synchronization
Genetic diversity in selected stud and commercial herds of the Afrikaner cattle breed
Authors: Pienaar L , Grobler JP , Neser FWC , Scholtz MM , Swart H , Ehlers K , Marx M
Published: April 2021

The Afrikaner is one of three indigenous cattle breeds found in South Africa. Afrikaner cattle were originally extensively used for crossbreeding purposes and breed development. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of selected stud and commercial herds from the whole South African Afrikaner population, as well as to determine the genetic structure among these herds. Assignment methods (based on STRUCTURE software) revealed a real structure consisting of four genetic populations (K = 4). Estimates of genetic diversity did not support the hypothesis of significant loss of genetic diversity in any individual Afrikaner herd. Heterozygosity estimates ranged from 0.456 - 0.737 within individual populations, with an overall heterozygosity estimate of 0.568 for the Afrikaner breed. The average number of alleles per locus was regarded as being 2.67 - 7.78, with an average of 5.18 alleles per locus. It could be concluded that a moderate to high degree of variation is still present within the Afrikaner cattle breed, despite the recent decline in numbers of this indigenous breed.Keywords: Bos taurus africanus, heterozygosity, inbreeding, microsatellite markers
The effect of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay quality on milk production and composition of Jersey cows
Authors: Van Zyl M , Meeske R , Scholtz GDJ , Einkamerer OB
Published: April 2021

The influence of lucerne hay quality on the milk production potential and milk composition of Jersey cows was investigated. Three different grades of lucerne hay (Prime, Grade 1, Grade 2; selected according to the New Lucerne Quality Index) were included in a total mixed ration (TMR) and fed to lactating cows. The three dietary treatments consisted of the same basal diet (53% lucerne hay, 7% wheat straw and 40% concentrate), differing only with respect to the lucerne hay quality. Fifty-seven lactating Jersey cows (389 ± 39.07 kg) were selected and blocked according to production potential (milk production, days in lactation, as well as lactation number) and randomly allocated to each of the dietary treatments (n = 19 animals per treatment). After a dietary adaptation period of 14 days, each treatment received their respective diets for the remaining period of 54 days. Average dry matter intake (DMI) and individual milk production was measured on a daily basis and production parameters were calculated accordingly. Milk composition samples were collected every second week. Grade 2 lucerne hay significantly decreased the voluntary DMI of the cows. However, the Prime lucerne hay significantly increased the metabolizable energy intake (MEI), as well as both the protein and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content of the Jersey milk, compared to the Grade 1 and Grade 2 treatments. In contrast, the efficiency with which ME is utilized for milk production was significantly decreased following Prime lucerne hay inclusion. Milk yield as such was not affected by dietary treatment. Results of the present study seem to indicate that lucerne hay quality does affect the production performance, milk composition and efficiency of energy utilized for milk production purposes of Jersey cows.Keywords: Dairy, index, lactation, nutrient, performance, roughage, TMR
Effect of sow age on the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in the diet
Authors: Jacyno E , Pietruszka A , Biel W , Kołodziej-Skalska A , Matysiak B , Kawęcka M , Sosnowska A
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of sow age on apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and the concentration of metabolizable energy in the diet. The experiment was carried out on 20 gestating sows, divided into two groups: Group I - 10 sows in first pregnancy (131 ± 4.5 kg) and Group II - 10 sows in fourth pregnancy (225 ± 8.2 kg). Sows in the two groups were fed identical diets for sows during early pregnancy. The total collection of faeces began on day 30 of pregnancy and lasted eight days. Sows in the fourth pregnancy had greater digestibility coefficients of dry matter (4.1 percentage units), organic matter (3.4 percentage units), crude protein (5.5 percentage units) and crude fibre (6.2 percentage units) than sows in the first pregnancy. The total tract digestibility of ether extract, starch and sugars was not affected by pig age. The metabolizable energy, determined according to the content of digestible nutrients, in the sow diet in fourth pregnancy was 0.7 MJ/kg higher than in the diet of sows in their first pregnancy. Results of this research indicate that sow age should be considered when formulating diets during early pregnancy.______________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: Digestibility, gestation, metabolizable energy, nutrients, age of sow
Fatty acid profile and health lipid indices in the raw milk of ewes grazing part-time and hemp seed supplementation of lactating ewes
Authors: Mierlita D
Published: April 2021

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the feeding system (indoor  or part-time grazing) of ewes and dietary supplementation with hemp seed (non-drug varieties of Cannabis sativa L.) on milk production and the composition of milk fatty  acids (FAs). The experimental diets were constituted as a 2 x 2 factorial  arrangement of feeding system (I: indoors and receiving 1400 g dry matter (DM)  grass hay/d or pasture grazing (PG)–4 h/day + 700 g DM grass hay/d), and with or without hemp seed (Hs) supplementation (-Hs = no hemp seed vs. +Hs = 175 g/d hemp seed). All animals received 700 g DM/day of a concentrate for lactation.  Feeding the PG diets increased raw milk production and yields of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding +Hs increased fat-corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield significantly while the combination of +Hs and PG increased fat-corrected milk and fat yield significantly. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the I diets increased the proportion of short-chain FAs (C4:0 - C10:0), at the expense of medium-chain FAs (12 to 17 C units). Feeding +Hs decreased the proportion of short-chain FAs, medium-chain FAs and hypercholesterolaemic FA (sum of C12:0, C14:0, C16:0) and increased the trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11, VA), α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA),  eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in milk fat significantly. The combination of hemp seed and part-time grazing produced the highest proportion of c9,t11 CLA, t10,c12 CLA and n-3 FA (sum of ALA, EPA, DHA) in milk fat. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios in the milk from ewes grazing part time were significantly higher, whereas the atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI) and linoleic acid (LA)/ALA ratio were significantly lower compared with the milk of indoor-fed ewes. Supplementing with +Hs has a similar effect of increasing the PUFA/SFA ratio and lowering of the AI, TI and LA/ALA ratio. It was concluded that pasture grazing combined with hemp seed had a synergistic effect on milk production and fat yield without altering the milk protein content in ewes. This combination has favourable effects on milk FA profile from the human consumer’s point of view by increasing the nutritional quality of milk.Keywords: α-linolenic acid, atherogenicitiy index, Cannabis sativa, c9,t11 CLA, n-6/n-3 FA
Ovulatory response and embryo quality in Katahdin ewes supplemented with palm oil
Authors: Torres-Zapata S , Luna-Palomera C , Aguilar-Cabrales JA , Peralta-Torres JA , Aké-López JR , Sánchez-Dávila F , Abad-Zavaleta J
Published: April 2021

The aims of this study were to evaluate the superovulatory response (SR), embryo quality and embryonic development in Katahdin ewes that received a dietary supplement of palm oil (PO). Ten ewes were assigned to receive 35 g palm oil (n = 10, PO3) and 10 to receive 70 g palm oil (n = 10, PO6) for 25 days. On day 0, the ewes were synchronized with 0.3 mg progesterone-releasing devices (CIDR-G®). From days 6 to 9, the donors were superovulated with 200 mg follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (Folltropin-V®) at decreasing doses every 12 hours (40 - 40, 30 - 30, 20 - 20 and 10 - 10 mg/ewe). On day 8, the devices were removed and donors were mated twice with fertile rams at 12-h intervals. Seven days after mating, the embryos were recovered and evaluated for their stage of development and quality grade (1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = bad and 4 = degenerated). In addition, on days 0, 7 and 15, blood samples were taken to determine cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and insulin-Iike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations in serum blood. Using chi-square and t-tests, the superovulatory response (SR), ovulation rate (OR), total embryonic structures (TES), transferable embryos (TE), degenerated embryos (DEs) and developmental stage and quality were evaluated. No significant differences were observed between treatments for SR, OR, TES and TE variables or for cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and IGF-1 concentrations. There were differences in the numbers of DE, as well as a trend for more homogeneous developmental stage in the embryos of ewes supplemented with PO6, as well as a higher number of quality 1 embryos and lower numbers of quality 3 and 4 embryos. Palm oil supplementation could be a recommendable practice to improve the quality of embryos and homogenous developmental stage (morula and blastocyst).Keywords: Fatty acids, ovarian activity, sheep
The response of broiler breeder hens to dietary balanced protein
Authors: Steenhuisen E. , Gous R.M.
Published: April 2021

Two basal feeds (118 and 175 g protein/kg) with similar balanced amino acid mixtures were appropriately blended to produce six experimental diets differing in protein. These were fed for six weeks to 180 broiler breeder hens (Ross 308) housed in individual cages from 26 w of age. A 13 h photoperiod was applied. Half the birds were restricted to 160 g of feed/d, whilst the others were fed ad libitum. The treatments were randomly allocated within six blocks. At the end of the six-week period the mean voluntary intake of the ad libitum-fed birds was 169 g/d whereas the intake of hens on feed restriction was 155 g/d. In spite of the range of protein intakes from 18.5 and 28.8 g/bird, no differences were observed in rate of laying between the two feeding strategies or dietary protein levels, nor were there differences in the proportions of yolk or albumen between these treatments. Egg weight, egg output and weight gain increased with protein intake as did energy retention (kJ/d) whereas heat output (kJ/d) decreased as protein intake increased. Even though dietary protein intake had no effect on rate of lay, the resultant decrease in heat output at high protein intakes suggests that this might be a useful strategy to consider for overcoming mild heat stress.Keywords: Ad libitum feeding, heat production, energy retention, egg composition
Interactions of genotype, housing and dietary calcium in layer performance, eggshell quality and tibia characteristics
Authors: Tůmová E. , Vlčková J. , Charvátová V. , Drábek O. , Tejnecký V. , Ketta M. , Chodová D.
Published: April 2021

The study was designed to evaluate the interactions in performance, eggshell quality and tibia traits of two laying hen genotypes, namely a commercial hybrid, Lohmann (LSL), and a traditional breed, the Czech Hen (CH), housed in conventional cages and on litter, and fed two levels of dietary calcium (Ca) (3.5% vs. 3.0%). A significant interaction between genotype, housing and Ca was determined in egg weight. The heaviest eggs were laid by LSL hens housed in cages and fed 3.0% Ca (61.8 g), and the lightest laid by CH, also in cages on 3.0% Ca (47.3 g). Eggshell strength and shell weight were significantly affected by three-way interaction. Czech hens kept in cages and fed 3.0% Ca produced the strongest shells (4480 g/cm2), whereas the CH in cages on 3.5% Ca had the weakest (3665 g/cm2) shells. Hens housed on litter had significantly stronger tibias than hens housed in cages (485 vs. 397 N). With respect to genotype, tibias were stronger in CH. Housing and level Ca in feed had a significant effect on tibia weight. However, none of these factors affected tibia thickness or ash content. Tibia Ca content was higher in caged birds than in those on litter. The results of the study show that interaction between housing, genotype and Ca resulted in large differences in measurements of egg weight and eggshell quality. Tibia characteristics were less affected by the treatments, and no interactions were evident in the variables.
Effects of stocking density on growth performance, carcass grade and immunity of pigs housed in sawdust fermentative pigsties
Authors: Kim K.H. , Cho E.S. , Kim K.S. , Kim J.E. , Seol K.H. , Sa S.J. , Kim Y.M. , Kim Y.H.
Published: April 2021

Effects of stocking density on growth performance, carcass grade and immunity of pigs housed in sawdust fermentative pigstiesThis study determined the effect of space allowance on performance, carcass grade and physiological variables of pigs reared in sawdust fermentative pigsties. A total of 699 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs were housed in sawdust fermentative pigsties and assigned to one of three treatments at different growth stages, namely early grower pigs (EGP), weighing 15 - 40 kg; late grower pigs (LGP), weighing 40 - 75 kg; and finisher pigs (FP), weighing 75 - 110 kg, with three replicates. The three space allowances for each growth stage were 0.40, 0.55 and 0.70 m2/head for EGP; 0.55, 0.70 and 0.85 m2/head for LGP; and 0.85, 1.00 and 1.15 m2/head for FP. The feed intake in EGP was significantly decreased with increased stocking density. In LGP, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs reared at high stocking density decreased linearly, whereas the feed conversion ratio increased significantly. The final bodyweight, ADG and feed intake in FP were lower with restricting space allowance. The carcass weight and backfat thickness were significantly higher with increased space allowance. The serum immunoglobulin G levels declined significantly with increased stocking density in all growth stages. The results of this study suggest that the space allowance for maximizing the growth performance and stabilizing immune response of pigs in sawdust fermentative pigsties is 0.55, 0.70, and 1.00 m2/pig for the bodyweight ranges of 15 - 40 kg, 40 - 75 kg, and 75 - 110 kg, respectively.
Genetic parameters for test-day milk yield in tropical Holstein Friesian cattle fitting a multiple-lactation random regression animal model
Authors: Meseret S. , Negussie E.
Published: April 2021

Accurate estimates of genetic parameters are essential for genetic improvement of milk yield in dairy cattle and for setting up breeding programmes. Estimates of genetic parameters from test-day models, particularly for Holstein Friesian cattle maintained in tropical environments, are scant in the literature. The objective of this study was therefore to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield by fitting a multiple-lactation random regression animal model (RRM) based on data from Ethiopian Holstein Friesian herds. Data were used from the first three lactations of cows that calved between 1997 and 2013. The data comprised 13 421 test-day milk yield records from 800 cows from two large dairy herds. Variance components were estimated using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method fitting an RRM. Heritability estimates for first, second, and third lactations ranged from 0.20 to 0.26, 0.15 to 0.27, and 0.17 to 0.28, respectively. Heritability estimates ranging from 0.15 to 0.28 indicate that effective genetic improvement should be accompanied by a corresponding improvement of the production environment. Across-lactation genetic correlations between first and second, second and third, and first and third lactations, expressed on a 305-day yield basis, were 0.88, 0.83, and 0.70, respectively. These genetic correlations, less than or equal to 0.88, indicate that different lactations are different traits. For an accurate evaluation of the genetic merit of animals for milk yield, lactations should be treated as different, but correlated traits in a multiple-lactation analysis.Keywords: Genetic correlation, heritability, Legendre polynomial, test-day model
Growth performance, body measurements, carcass composition and some internal organ characteristics in young Pekin ducks
Authors: Steczny K. , Kokoszynski D. , Bernacki Z. , Wasilewski R. , Saleh M.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to compare the bodyweight and body measurements, carcass composition, and characteristics of major visceral organs in male and female Pekin ducks. A total of 80 hybrid SM3 Heavy ducks were kept in a conventional building and fed complete commercial diets ad libitum. The male and female were weighed individually at one day old and their bodyweight and body measurements were determined at 21, 35 and 49 days of rearing. On day 49, 20 males and 20 females were chosen for slaughter. After slaughter, the carcasses and visceral organs were collected. No significant differences were observed between males and females in bodyweight (1 d, 58.6 vs 56.3 g to 49 d, 3518 vs 3433 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (0–49 d, 2.44 vs 2.49 kg/kg gain). At 35 days old males demonstrated a significantly longer body and shanks and, at 49 days old a significantly longer body than females. The sex of ducks had no significant effect on the percentage of wings, muscles from breast and legs, skin with subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat and carcass remainder. The neck content was significantly greater in male carcasses than female ones. The contents of proventriculus, liver, and spleen in the bodies of males and females were similar. Gizzard percentage was significantly greater in males, and heart percentage was significantly greater in females. Due to their high bodyweight, good FCR, and favourable carcass composition, SM3 Heavy male ducks are more useful as broiler duck than females.Keywords: carcasses, digestive system, growth, Pekin duck, sex
The trophic structure of fish in seaweed farms, and adjacent seagrass and coral habitats in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Yahya Batuli M. , Yahya Saleh A. , Mmochi Aviti J. , Jiddawi Narriman S.
Published: April 2021

Coral reefs, seagrasses and seaweed farms (Eucheuma denticulatum) are characteristic habitats in many parts of the coast of Zanzibar, Tanzania. However, information on trophic interactions, movements of fish, and variation in fish diet specialization between these habitats are scarce. The present study determined the trophic structure and the variation in diet composition of fish caught in (floating) seaweed farms, and in adjacent seagrass and coral reef habitats in Pongwe, Zanzibar. Fish were caught using traditional basket traps (dema) and gut contents of 392 fish were analyzed. A one-way Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) showed that there was a significant difference in the composition of prey items eaten by invertivores in different habitats (Global R = 0.109, p = 0.002.). There was no significant difference in the composition of prey items eaten by herbivores, invertivore-piscivores and omnivores (p > 0.05), likely due to movement of fish between these habitats for foraging. There was no significant difference in the relative proportion of trophic groups between the habitats (p > 0.05) except for herbivores (p < 0.05). Floating seaweed farms attract invertebrates and smaller fish, thus providing feeding grounds for predatory fish, and should be considered as ecologically important habitats as are coral reefs and seagrass beds.
Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of creeks along the Kenyan coast, Western Indian Ocean (WIO)
Authors: Kerubo Joyce O. , Muthumbi Agnes W. , Onyari John M. , Kimani Edward N. , Robertson-Andersson Deborah
Published: April 2021

Microplastic pollution has been recognized as a global threat in marine environments and a danger to prey, predators and humans. Yet there have been limited studies in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and along the Kenyan coast making it difficult to estimate the extent of such pollution. This is the first study on microplastics (MPs) in the surface waters within creeks (Tudor, Port-Reitz and Mida creeks) in Kenya. Sampling was done in January/ February and September 2018 to collect microplastics from surface water. Neuston nets of 500 μm (large) and 250 μm (medium) size were towed for ten minutes and 50 litres of seawater sieved through a 20 μm net (small) in three replicates. The samples were digested in 10 % Potassium Hydroxide, sieved, and then filtered with cellulose nitrate membrane microfilters. Concentrations of total microplastics, different shapes and colours were established under a microscope. High concentrations of small size (20-250 μm) MPs were encountered and Tudor and Port Reitz had higher concentrations compared to Mida Creek. The study provides data on microplastic concentrations within the creeks and recommends focussing on small size microplastics for monitoring purposes, which due to their high concentrations can be hazardous to organisms.
The 2017 Inter-American Court's Advisory Opinion: changing the paradigm for international environmental law in the Anthropocene
Authors: Tigre Maria Antonia , Urzola Natalia
Published: April 2021

The state of our environment is continuously deteriorating, and the frame of the ‘Anthropocene’ calls for transformative laws that respond to the current socio-ecological crisis. Since environmental diplomacy has signally failed to respond to current challenges, courts are being confronted with crucial questions that fundamentally address whether existing legal tools are sufficient to ensure human survival. In 2017, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a landmark Advisory Opinion that goes some way towards answering this question. The Advisory Opinion recognized extraterritorial jurisdiction for transboundary environmental harm; the autonomous right to a healthy environment; and State responsibility for environmental damage within and beyond the State's borders. This article analyzes the legal arguments constructed by the Court, assessing whether, and how, the Opinion changes paradigms of international environmental law.
Environmental struggles in Aboriginal homelands: Indigenizing conservation in Australia
Authors: Mathews Freya
Published: April 2021

Many large remaining areas of high conservation value currently lie within Indigenous homelands. The attempts of conservationists to protect such areas from industrial development sometimes come into conflict with the contrary wish of Indigenous populations to benefit from such development. How, in such cases, can the claims of Earth communities to ecological justice be reconciled with those of Traditional Owner communities to Indigenous justice? The dilemma is here examined via a case study, that of a proposed natural gas installation at James Price Point in the far north of Western Australia. It is argued that resolution of the dilemma may require a significant re-visioning of conservation: environmentalists might need to concede to Aboriginal communities the moral ownership of conservation per se, at least in so far as it applies to Aboriginal homelands, and perhaps more widely.
Flight of the frigate bird: Ocean Island, phosphate mining and Project Banaba
Authors: Treagus Mandy
Published: April 2021

This article outlines the environmental disaster that was phosphate mining on Banaba – or Ocean Island, as it was known to outsiders. The article tracks the tactics used by what became the BPC (British Phosphate Commissioners) in extracting phosphate from the island, resulting in the removal of 90 per cent of its soil and simultaneously alienating Banabans from their land, livelihoods and culture. This process took place over 80 years, finally ending in 1981. In the course of this extraction, Banabans were removed from what was fast becoming an uninhabitable environment in 1945, when they began life on the Fijian island of Rabi. This article reflects on the ongoing legacy of bitterness and grief experienced by Banabans, together with their attempts at obtaining restitution from the Company and the governments it represented. In this context, the art installation Project Banaba (2017; 2019) by Katerina Teaiwa is considered as a response to these histories. The article concludes with an examination of the literature that considers the removal of Banabans as a test case for climate-induced migration, noting that the singularity of the Banaban experience is not likely to be repeated, while also acknowledging the ongoing legacy of loss and grief for Banabans.
Multi-objective optimization of SKD11 Steel Milling Process by Reference Ideal Method
Authors: Trung Do Duc
Published: April 2021

For all machining cutting methods, surface roughness is a parameter that greatly affects the working ability and life of machine elements. Cutting force is a parameter that not only affects the quality of the machining surface but also affects the durability of cutter and the level of energy consumed during machining. Besides, material removal rate (MRR) is a parameter that reflects machining productivity. Workpiece surface machining with small surface roughness, small cutting force and large MRR is desirable of most machining methods. This article presents a study of multi-objective optimization of milling process using a face milling cutter. The experimental material used in this study is SKD11 steel. Taguchi method has been applied to design an orthogonal experimental matrix with 27 experiments (L27). In which, five parameters have been selected as the input parameters of the experimental process including insert material, tool nose radius, cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth. Reference Ideal Method (RIM) is applied to determine the value of input parameters to ensure minimum surface roughness, minimum cutting force and maximum MRR. Influence of the input parameters on output parameters is also discussed in this study.
Promoting the Empowerment of Young Saudi Women through digital art Events in Light of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s 2030
Authors: Alamro Abdulaziz R. , Alsuwaida Nouf A. , Elsawy Nancy A. , Ibrahem Usama M.
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate the notion of empowerment of young Saudi women to in digital arts activities in light of the development strategy within the framework of the Kingdom’s 2030 Vision. It investigated building a digital art system that attracts young women’s minds and skills in support of the digital transformation process in the art field to increase the sustainability of specific job opportunities as well as the percentage of women’s participation in governmental and private sectors. The study employed the survey and Delphi methods, and two rounds of questionnaires were conducted as part of the data collection process. The results of this study tend to indicate that young Saudi women can be empowered through the use of digital art, and increasing their efficiency through education while allowing time for the training process.
WORKSHOP DISPLAY KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI SISWA DALAM MENGIKUTI PELAJARAN IPS SE-KECAMATAN LAMPIHONG
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: April 2021

Abstrak. Workshop activities like this really help teachers in developing students' imaginative abilities, and can increase students' motivation to always attend school, because schools become interesting and full of students' work with teachers. The materials used for making displays are very easy to obtain, so there are no more obstacles in their implementation. Teachers are assisted by KKN students in planning, making and displaying displays.
KATEKESE PENDALAMAN KITAB SUCI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RASA PERCAYA DIRI DAN KEBERANIAN MENGUNGKAPKAN PENGALAMAN IMAN BAGI ANAK BINAAN EMAUS DALAM RANGKA BULAN KITAB SUCI NASIONAL TAHUN 2020
Authors: Ason Ason , Peterianus Septian
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this service activity is to introduce the holy book as a source of faith and inspiration for life. Specifically, the aim of this activity is to increase the confidence and courage of the boarders who are assisted by Emmaus in sharing their faith experiences based on the scriptures. The method used in deepening the scriptures is the catechetical method of the people. In-depth meetings are held 1 (once) a week for 4 (four) weeks in September 2020. Each meeting has a sub-theme as an elaboration of the big theme, namely: "Proclaiming the Good News Amida Crisis of Faith and Identity." The data collection technique used is direct observation in which the abserver is involved in the activity. The object observed was the participants' self-confidence and courage in the deepening of diabetes. The result that was achieved in this service activity was an increase in the sense of self-confidence and the courage of the participants in thanks to the technique. This is indicated by the increase in the percentage of the active study participants who express their experiences of faith based on the scriptures.Key words: Catechesis, deepening of the scriptures, Emmaus-assisted boarders Abstrak: Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah  mengenalkan kitab suci sebagai sumber iman dan inspirasi hidup. Secara khusus tujuan kegiatan ini meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dan keberanian anak  asrama binaan Emaus  dalam berketekese, mengungkapkan pengalaman iman mereka berdasarkan kitab suci. Metode yang digunakan dalam pendalaman kitab suci adalah metode katekese umat. Pertemuan pendalaman dilaksanakan 1 (satu) kali seminggu selama 4 (empat) minggu dalam bulan September 2020. Setiap pertemuan memiliki sub tema sebagai penjabaran dari tema besar yakni;”Mewartakan Kabar Baik Di Tengah Krisis Iman dan Identitas.” Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung di mana abserver terlibat didalam kegiatan. Obyek yang diobservasi adalah rasa percaya diri dan keberanian peserta pendalaman dalam berkatekese. Hasil yang dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah rasa percara diri dan keberanian peserta dalam berkatekese meningkat. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan bertambahnya presentase jumlah peserta pendalaman yang aktif berkatekese mengungkapkan pengalaman imannya berdasarkan kitab suci.Kata kunci: Katekese, pendalaman kitab suci, anak asrama binaan Emaus
PENERAPAN METODE KOOPERATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PASSING BAWAH PADA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 4 MADONG KERANJIK
Authors: Hendri Hendri , Susilawati Indria , Anggorowati Kurnia Dyah
Published: April 2021

Absract: The purpose of this research is to improve the Learning Outcomes of Volleyball Undergraduate Passing in Class V SD Negeri 4 Madong Keranjik, Tanah Pinoh District, Melawi Regency. The research method used is the classroom action research method (PTK) using 2 cycles, planning, acting, observing and reflecting. With the research subjects of grade V students and the research object of Passing Under Volleyball. The results of the research in the first cycle with a recapitulation value of 1289, an average of 64.4 and those who obtained a Completion score of 40%. Cycle II with a total value of 1587, an average of 79.3 and those who obtained a Completion value of 100%, there was an increase in the total value of 314, an average of 15.7 with a percentage of 60%.Keywords: Passing under volleyball, Learning Outcomes, Cooperative methodAbstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Passing Bawah Bola Voli Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 4 Madong Keranjik Kecamatan Tanah Pinoh Kabupaten Melawi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan 2 siklus, yang terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas V dan objek penelitian passing bawah bola voli. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I dengan nilai Rekapitulasi jumlah 1289, rata-rata 64,4 dan yang memperoleh nilai siswa yang Tuntas sebanyak 40%. Siklus II dengan jumlah nilai 1587, rata-rata 79,3 dan yang memperoleh nilai Tuntas sebanyak 100%, maka terjadi peningkatan dengan jumlah nilai 314, rata-rata 15,7 dengan persentase sebanyak 60%.Kata kunci: Passing bawah bola voli, Hasil belajar, Metode kooperatif
Expérimentation et analyse thermique d’un concentrateur hémisphérique stationnaire sous les conditions climatiques à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors:   Laboratoire d’énergies thermiques renouvelables, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Ouédraogo Salifou , Ky Thierry S. M. , Konfé Amadou , Kam Sié , Bathiébo D. Joseph
Published: April 2021

This technology is used in drying, domestic water heating or in the production of electricity. However, it uses a solar tracking system that is too complex and expensive for countries with less equipment and high solar potential. In this study, we are interested in the experimentation and thermal analysis of a stationary hemispheric concentrator. The numerical resolution of the caustic equations of a spherical concentrator allowed to determine the dimensions and the position of the receiver, necessary for the design of the physical model and the assembly of the experimental device. The results of the 3D numerical simulation with the Comsol5.3a software allowed to highlight the ray tracing and the profile of the flow concentrated on the receiver. The results obtained experimentally show that the receiver and the air inside reached a maximum temperature of 224°C and 97.6°C respectively. The solar concentration device studied is therefore technically favorable for thermal applications requiring intermediate temperatures.
Laboratory estimation of elemental and organic carbon emissions from advanced biomass stoves in Senegal
Authors:   Centre for Studies and Research on Renewable Energy, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal., Kane Moustapha , De la Sota Candela ,   Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Viana Mar ,   Spanish National Research Council, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain, Youm Issakha
Published: April 2021

In this study, we tested a natural draft gasifier, currently implemented in Senegal and the traditional three stones fire (TSF) in the laboratory, using the protocol of water boiling test (WBT). Pollutants emissions from three types of biomass full were investigated in this work. Our results show that, burning the same wood (Cordyla Pinnata, dimb), the gasifier had a fuel consumption 37% lower than the traditional three stones, and decrease emissions factors of fine particulate matter (PM) by 74%, organic carbon (OC) by 59 % and elemental carbon (EC) by 55%. The gasifier has also shown to reduce fuel used and emissions compared with the three stones using Casuarina Equisetifolia (Filao) though to a minor extent: 24 % in fuel consumption and emissions reduction of 53% of PM, 55% of OC and 18% EC. The micro-gasifier using typha pellets is the cooking system the most efficient with a reduction 70% of fuel and more than 85% of emissions comparing to the 3-stones-dimb combination. Our results agree with other studies and confirm that gasifier have a very low fuel consumption and low emissions of climate forcing particles. Further field studies are needed to evaluate the adoption of these new stoves and fuels and to analyze fuel consumption and emissions under real-world cooking practice
Injection de puissance photovoltaïque au réseau électrique faible
Authors:   Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Procédés Industriels, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal, Diaw Nogoye , Diop Moustapha , Ngom Ibrahim , Ba Oumar , Thiaw Lamine
Published: April 2021

Cet article étudie l’intégration de la production photovoltaïque au réseau électrique faible. Les objectifs de cet article sont d’intégrer le système PV au réseau électrique faible et proposer une stratégie de contrôle pour l’injection au réseau. Dans ce travail, une stratégie de limitation des fluctuations de puissance est proposée. La simulation de l’ensemble système photovoltaïque, onduleur triphasé, réseau faible a été réalisé dans matlab/simulink. Le contrôle de la puissance injectée a été implémenté et simulé. Les résultats de simulation ont montré que la stratégie de contrôle implémentée permet de fournir la puissance maximale et d'injecter l'énergie au réseau à un facteur de puissance unitaire avec un faible taux de distorsion harmonique.
Assessing and modeling particulate pollution in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Authors:   Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Ouarma Issoufou , Nana Bernard ,   Institut Des Sciences, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Haro Kayaba ,   Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Koulidiati Jean , Béré Antoine
Published: April 2021

In the present work, the pollution levels of airborne particles in the city of Ouagadougou have been assessed through two campaigns of in situ measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. These measures were performed using a portable device (AEROCET 531S) on roadside sites and on sites located in administrative services, secondary schools and outlying districts. Since in situ measurements don’t give any indication of the pollution that could be due to a new source (industrial plant, road, etc.) and how it is dispersed spatially and temporally, thus pollutant emissions from road traffic and the dispersion of these pollutants are obtained by a modelling chain that couples COPERT IV emission model under Pollemission code with MUNICH dispersion model. As results, the average 24-hour concentrations are 87±16 and 951±266 μg/m3 for the PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, in 2018 dry season. They are 29±5 and 158±43 μg/m3, respectively, in 2018 rainy season and, 22±9 and 187±67 μg/m3 in 2019 rainy season, respectively. These results show that independently of the season (dry or rainy), the PM10 concentrations are high and exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQG) and European 24-hour threshold value of 50 μg/m3. Concerning the PM2.5 concentrations in dry season, they are high and exceed the WHO AQG and European 24-hour threshold value of 25 μg/m3. The results obtained concerning the modeling of the dispersion of PM air pollution due to road traffic in the city of Ouagadougou are partially satisfactory. The modeled maximum values of the exhaust emission factors are very high while the modeled concentrations are underestimated compared to the measured concentrations The estimated emission factors range between 0 and 400 g/km/h and between 0 and 303 g/km/h for exhaust PM2.5 and resuspension PM2.5, respectively. They vary between 0 and 2 997 g/km/h for resuspension PM10. Concerning the modelled concentrations, they are between 0 and 238 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and between 0 and 2 072 μg/m3 for PM10. These results can be improved with updated traffic and road characterization data.
Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Composition of the Seeds and Peels of Lime
Authors: Uzama D. , Okolo S. C. , Okoh-Esene R. U. , Adebiyi A. B. , Orishadipe A.T.
Published: April 2021

Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, proximate and mineral composition of the seeds and peels of lime was carried out. The phytochemical, and proximate screenings were carried out using standard methods. The mineral analysis was carried out by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The proximate analysis revealed that the seeds contain Moisture 8.20%, Ash 12.09%,Crude fat 8.50%,Crude Protein 1.93%,Crude fibre 20.71%, and Carbohydrate 48.58% while the peels contain Moisture10.60%, Ash 15.27%, Crude fat14.67%, Crude Protein 2.30%, Crude fibre23.36% and Carbohydrate 33.80%.The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and volatile oils in both the seeds and peels of the lime. In addition, the seeds contain steroids, while the peels contain tannins, balsams and anthraquinone. The mineral analysis revealed that the seeds contains Ni(0.17mg/100g),Pb(0.01mg/100g),Mn (0.20mg/100g),Zn(0.57mg/100g)Cr(0.17mg/100g),Mg(9.02mg/100g),Ca(27.02mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g), Fe(2.55mg/100g) and Cu(4.81mg/100g) while the peels contain Ni(0.15mg/100g),Pd(0.21mg/100g),Mn(0,21mg/100g),Zn(0.23mg/100g),Cr(0.13mg/100g),Mg(7.61mg/100g),Ca(100.22mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g),Fe(1.67mg/100g) and Cu(0.21mg/100g).The lime seeds and peels can serve as potential sources of drugs and nutrition with the seeds having higher concentration of minerals.