bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking Disulfide Levels and NAD+ Metabolism with Alzheimer’s Disease for Diagnostic Modeling and Target Drug Analysis
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Su Lining , Zhang Yongcai , Wei Huiping
Published: April 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a condition that affects the nervous system and that requires considerably more in-depth study. Abnormal Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism and disulfide levels have been demonstrated in AD. This study investigated novel hub genes for disulfide levels and NAD+ metabolism in relation to the diagnosis and therapy of AD. Methods: Data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Hub genes related to disulfide levels, NAD+ metabolism, and AD were identified from overlapping genes for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), genes in the NAD+ metabolism or disulfide gene sets, and module genes obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Pathway analysis of these hub genes was performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). A diagnostic model for AD was constructed based on the expression level of hub genes in brain samples. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate immune cell infiltration and immune factors correlating with hub gene expression. The DrugBank database was also used to identify drugs that target the hub genes. Results: We identified 3 hub genes related to disulfide levels in AD and 9 related to NAD+ metabolism in AD. Pathway analysis indicated these 12 genes were correlated with AD. Stepwise regression analysis revealed the area under the curve (AUC) for the predictive model based on the expression of these 12 hub genes in brain tissue was 0.935, indicating good diagnostic performance. Additionally, analysis of immune cell infiltration showed the hub genes played an important role in AD immunity. Finally, 33 drugs targeting 10 hub genes were identified using the DrugBank database. Some of these have been clinically approved and may be useful for AD therapy. Conclusion: Hub genes related to disulfide levels and NAD+ metabolism are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD. These genes may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, as well as to improved drug therapy.
Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) in Age-related Neurological Diseases
Authors: Adarmanabadi Seyed Mohammad Hosein Hosseini , Abadi Orod Jalali Khalil , Amiri Amirhossein , Tamannaeifar Rozhina , Balanian Sahar , Rasekhjam Mehdi , Samiazar Mohammad Sadra , Hasanpour Sara , Peiravi Samira , Alijanzadeh Dorsa , Poudineh Mohadeseh , Amiri Hamidreza , Mazhari Seyed Amirhossein , Khademi Reza , Deravi Niloofar , Fathi Mobina
Published: April 2024

Due to the growth of the elderly population, age-related neurological disorders are an increasing problem. Aging begins very gradually and later leads to several neurological issues such as lower neurotransmitter levels, oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and continual neuronal loss. These changes might contribute to brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia or mild cognitive impairment, and epilepsy and glioma, and can also aggravate these disorders if they were previously present. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. It is used for diabetes and known for its hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. In this review, we discuss the pharmaceutical effects of M. charantia on age-related neurological disorders. We searched several databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, using MeSH terms. We searched articles published up until 2022 regardless of publication language. M. charantia is rich in luteolin, which increases acetylcholine in neurons by binding to enzymes in acetylcholine metabolism pathways, including butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. This binding inhibits the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein by restraining its kinase enzyme. Furthermore, this substance can lower serum cholesterol and has multi-target activity in AD and memory loss. M. charantia can also improve memory by decreasing tau protein and it also has potent antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects. This review highlights that M. charantia has effects on many age-related neurological disorders, and can be a cost-effective supplement with minimal side effects.
Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a BPO Company
Authors: Estebal Ma. Elena C. , Lopez Joemy , Dean Alan
Published: April 2024

The pandemic necessitated remote workplace setup, and as employees’ homes doubled as their workplaces, it became difficult to distinguish between the two. With this reality came the challenge of enhancing employee performance and organizational commitment. This study investigated the correlation between organizational commitment and employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved 158 employees of a BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) company situated in Quezon City, Philippines. Non-parametric statistical testing such as Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to examine the significant differences in the respondent's ratings when their demographic profiles were considered. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to measure the strength of the relationship between the constructs of organizational commitment and dimensions of employee performance. Results of the study revealed a high positive relationship between continuance commitment and employee performance. Furthermore, this study also explored organizational commitment along four demographic variables, resulting in the detection of significant differences in the perception of continuance commitment on account of gender, age, civil status, and length of service. A significant difference was also detected in affective commitment considering the length of service. Single, married, and widowed respondents also differed in their opinions on normative commitment. While research on organizational commitment exist, few studies have explored the role of demographic factors in shaping employee responses to pandemics. This study demonstrates value by examining the influence of demographic variables on organizational commitment and employee performance during the pandemic, adopting an intersectional perspective, and offering practical implications for organizational management, theoretical advancement, and future research directions.
Beta-band frequency shifts signal decisions in human prefrontal cortex
Authors: Rassi Elie , Rodriguez-Larios Julio , Gret Camille , Merchant Hugo , Elshafei Alma , Haegens Saskia
Published: April 2024

Beta-band synchronization has been found to be content-specific, particularly during decision-making. Recently, we showed a beta-band frequency shift in macaque prefrontal cortex to reflect categorical decision outcomes in a temporal categorization task. Here, we sought to replicate these findings in human participants, and additionally asked whether these beta frequency shift dynamics generalize to other task contexts and modalities. Across three EEG and MEG experiments (n=82) that required participants to make a perceptual decision, we found that a beta-band frequency shift in the prefrontal cortex signaled the decision outcome. This finding was consistent across a temporal categorization task, a delayed match-to-sample task, and a cross-modal discrimination task. These results further support our hypothesis that beta rhythms synchronize neural ensembles at different frequencies, allowing for decision outcomes to be transmitted downstream.
A comparison of sleep and settle behaviors across twins and singletons at 5 months of age
Authors: Viktorsson Charlotte , Ronald Angelica , Falck-Ytter Terje
Published: April 2024

Twin studies have made important contributions to knowledge regarding the role of genetic and environmental influences on child development. It is important to test the assumption that findings can be generalized from twins to singletons in infancy. The first months of life are defined by significant developmental changes and the emergence of important sleep behaviors. As such, we compared 451 twins and 77 singletons on a range of sleep, settle, and crying behaviors at five months of age. No statistically significant differences between twins and singletons were found regarding duration of crying or time until settled during different times of the day. However, singletons were reported to wake up more frequently during nighttime than twins (F(1, 509) = 35.10, p <.001), suggesting that, when reported in twin studies, this measure might be slightly underestimated at a mean level in relation to singletons. In conclusion, despite the unique challenges and additional caregiver load of infant twins, there seem to be few differences between twins and singletons regarding parent-reported settle and crying behaviors at five months of age.
Social Banditry How Authorities’ Irresponsiveness fosters Support for Vicarious Protest - PhD Thesis Maria Sophia Heering
Authors: Heering Maria Sophia
Published: April 2024

Individuals who cannot directly express their discontents against an unjust system may instead support groups that disrupt the system through deviant, transgressive or even criminal actions. These groups are defined as ‘social bandits’, and their actions may be construed as a form of vicarious protest. Very little research has examined what drives individuals’ support for social bandits. This thesis focused on hackers, groups operating on the internet often illegally. Seven experiments examined the circumstances in which individuals were more likely to support hackers engaging in disruptive and criminal actions. Experiments 1-2 examined whether individuals were more likely to support hackers that attacked a corrupt (either ingroup or outgroup) authority. Results indicated that individuals legitimized hackers more strongly when they attacked an ingroup corrupt authority. Experiments 3-4 extended these findings focusing on the role of an institution’ responsiveness. In two different contexts (online work platform and university), participants who dealt with an institution irresponsive to their grievances were more likely to experience anger and, subsequently, legitimize hackers’ attacks. Experiments 5-6 explored the role of schadenfreude. These experiments showed how both government corruption (studies 5 and 6) and low government responsiveness (study 6) may trigger schadenfreude in response to hackers’ attack, and stronger support for hackers. Experiment 7 consolidated previous findings and explored the role of identification with an aggrieved group. In this study, low responsiveness elicited anger and schadenfreude, which then predicted increased support for hackers. Results also revealed an interaction effect of identification with an aggrieved group participants belonged to, and emotions on the legitimization of hackers; individuals who identified more strongly with the aggrieved group expressed lower anger and schadenfreude and consequently lower support for hackers (Study 7). Theoretical implications for the emerging field of research on social bandits are discussed, in addition to future directions for research.
Towards the Development of Explainable Machine Learning Models to Recognize the Faces of Autistic Children
Authors: Omrani Ali Reza , Lanovaz Marc J , Moroni Davide
Published: April 2024

Machine learning with image classification has shown promise in supporting the detection of autism in children. To extend this line of work, our study compared the use of two algorithms to explain why an image is categorized as autistic or not. First, we trained and tested models on the Autistic Children Facial Image Data Set to identify the three that produced the highest accuracy. Following the identification of the three best models, we used two methods to examine explainability: Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Randomized Input Sampling for Explanation of Black-box Models (RISE). Overall, the best model produced an accuracy of 92% and LIME resulted in more explainable models than RISE. Albeit promising, researchers must conduct more studies to examine the generalizability of the results prior to the adoption of this model in practice.
Radiographic Evaluation of Neonatal Respiratory Distress: Cross-Sectional Study on Chest X-ray Findings in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Suwal Sundar , Katwal Shailendra , Sah Pravin , Gurung Ghanshyam , Lamichhane Suman , Dhakal Prajwal
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Neonatal Respiratory distress (NRD) is a common reason for admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). While clinical diagnosis is essential, imaging evaluation can help confirm lung lesions, their extent, and associated abnormalities. However, radiation exposure from imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Chest X-ray (CXR) is a concern, particularly for neonates. This study aims to identify the various CXR findings in neonates with respiratory distress in the NICU.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 59 neonates with respiratory distress in the NICU from November 2019 to November 2020. Ethical clearance was obtained, and data were collected through portable CXR. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Statistical Package of Social Services (SPSS) IBM version 23.
Results: CXR findings of 59 neonates with a mean age of 15.9 ± 7.4 days were evaluated. The majority were premature neonates, and the most common clinical diagnosis was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Hypoaeration was the most common finding in lung fields, followed by normal aeration. Parenchymal changes were observed in most cases, with reticulations/haziness being the most common, followed by consolidation. Pleural effusion was seen in a few cases, predominantly in preterm neonates with RDS.
Conclusions: The study underscores the prevalence of hypoaeration, reticulations, and consolidations in NICU patients with RDS, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and future research in neonatal chest imaging for respiratory distress.
Konceptualizacja relacji między mową i pismem w zapiskach małych dzieci
Authors: Awramiuk Elżbieta
Published: April 2024

Zapiski małych dzieci, które poznały już polskie litery, ale jeszcze nie rozpoczęły instytucjonalnej nauki bądź znajdują się na początku szkolnej edukacji, mają niestandardową postać graficzną. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie pozytywnych konsekwencji spojrzenia na takie zapisy jako na efekt intencjonalnego zastosowania pisma, znajdującego się między reprezentacją ortograficzną a transkrypcją fonetyczną. Ta zmiana perspektywy pozwala zrekonstruować sposoby dziecięcych konceptualizacji dotyczących pisma i jego relacji z mową. Dziecięce zapiski stanowią odbicie sposobów kategoryzacji dźwięków mowy oraz rekonstruowania systemu grafemicznego języka ojczystego, a także obrazują proces narastania świadomości językowej. Postrzeganie spotykanych w zapiskach dzieci odstępstw od standardowej ortografii w kategoriach prób odzwierciedlania wymowy, a nie błędów ortograficznych, stwarza szansę na efektywniejszą pomoc dzieciom w nabywaniu umiejętności czytania i pisania.
Polski system kształcenia nauczycieli – historia i współczesność
Authors: Latoch-Zielińska Małgorzata
Published: April 2024

W artykule omówiono najważniejsze etapy formowania się współczesnego polskiego systemu kształcenia nauczycieli. Analiza sięga wczesnych lat osiemdziesiątych, kiedy to uchwalono ustawę Karta Nauczyciela określającą wymagania wobec osoby wykonującej zawód nauczyciela. Przepisy tej ustawy obowiązują do dziś. Następnie przywołano kolejne akty prawne i opisano ich praktyczne wdrożenia na przykładzie programów studiów z przygotowaniem pedagogicznym. Dokonano porównania różnych rozwiązań wynikających z uwarunkowań prawnych, ze standardów kształcenia nauczycieli i z programów kształcenia realizowanych na Uniwersytecie Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. Omówione przykłady ukazują system przygotowania do wykonywania zawodu nauczyciela w Polsce. W podsumowaniu wskazano zalety i mankamenty przedstawionych rozwiązań.
Rozmowy o wierszach Wisławy Szymborskiej w kontekście nowej humanistyki
Authors: Jaskółowa Ewa
Published: April 2024

W artykule poszukuje się drogi do zainteresowania uczniów poezją przez odnalezienie w niej problemów ważnych dla pokolenia nastolatków. Wybrane wiersze Wisławy Szymborskiej pokazane zostały jako medium, które może sprowokować pogłębioną refleksję o problemach żywo interesujących młodzież. Zaprezentowano sposoby rozmowy o utworach noblistki w kontekście takich kwestii, jak empatia, propaganda czy ekologia, zasugerowano jednocześnie, że można stawiać wiele pytań, sięgając do tej poezji.
Structure of the products of classical PCR and the reasons for the plateau of the reaction
Authors: Garafutdinov R.R. , Chemeris D.A. , Mikhailenko K.I. , Zubov V.V. , Chemeris A.V.
Published: April 2024

Classical PCR with two primers usually produces one amplicon. However, despite the apparent simplicity of this reaction, additional products of different lengths and structures are inevitably synthesized, even when ideal primers are used. These minor products are not given enough attention, but in some cases they can significantly affect the efficiency of PCR, and also contribute to an earlier plateau of the reaction, due to several reasons. The main one is a decrease in the efficiency of primer annealing on the chains of the target amplicon due to an increase in its quantity during PCR and, therefore, an increase in the probability of reassociation of its chains. To describe the processes occurring during PCR, it is proposed to operate with a conventional reaction cell with a volume of 1 zeptoliter (1000 nm3), containing quaternary complexes “DNA/primer/DNA polymerase/dNTP”. The number of ingredient molecules required for PCR to occur per such reaction cell was calculated.
Comparative Assessment between High- and Low-Concentrate Contrast Media with Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Computed Tomography-Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Cha Sung-Jin , Ko Dong-Hee , Jeon Pil-Hyeon , Ko Sung-Min
Published: April 2024

With the advancement of CT technology, the use of low tube voltages, and the clinical efficacy of low-concentration contrast media are gradually being demonstrated. In this study, we compared the differences between high- and low-concentration contrast media using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) and Computed Tomography-Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (CT-MPI). These imaging techniques can simultaneously evaluate the patient's hemodynamic distribution and myocardium. The study results indicated that the quantitative analysis of tissues and blood vessels in CCTA showed that high-concentration contrast media led to a 5 to 10% increase in Hounsfield Units (HU), but the probability of significance was greater than 0.05. As a result of myocardial evaluation using CCTA and CT-MPI, the difference between the two contrast agents was within 5%, and the probability of significance was greater than 0.05. Qualitative analysis utilized nominal measurements in five categories and did not reveal significant differences between low- and high-concentration contrast media with a significance probability greater than 0.05. This study differed from existing studies by utilizing high- and low-concentration contrast media for CCTA and CT-MPI examinations. Analysis using CCTA and CT-MPI shows that low-concentration images are not inferior to images obtained using high-concentration contrast media.
A Study on the Reduction of Beam Hardening Artifacts according to Scan Parameter Variations in Thyroid CT
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Son Jeong-Won , Kim Sang-Wook , Chang Kwang-Hyun
Published: April 2024

The beam hardening artifact arising from complex shoulder structures in thyroid CT makes it difficult to capture anatomical fine details. Thus, the purpose of our study was to know appropriate scan parameters to reduce artifacts without significantly increasing the radiation dose. We utilized the GE Revolution APEX equipment for this study. We conducted the thyroid CT examinations by varying the thickness to 0.625 mm, 1.25 mm, and 2.5 mm, and adjusting the maximum mA to 300 mA, 600 mA, and 900 mA while applying auto exposure control system. The radiation dose was measured using a glass dosimeter placed at the thyroid location of the RANDO phantom. We measured signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of the experimental images to analyze the image quality of the thyroid area. As the slice thickness increases, the experimental dose also increases. The same pattern was observed for the maximum tube current. In terms of SNR, there is no difference between a slice thickness of 0.625 mm and 1.25 mm. However, there is a difference between measurements of 0.625 mm and 2.5 mm, and the same for 1.25 mm and 2.5 mm. No difference was observed in terms of tube current variations. The analysis of CNR reveals that there is not a significant difference as slice thickness and maximum tube current change. To improve quality of the images in complex shoulder structures, adjusting the scan parameters of thyroid CT affects not only SNR but also patient's radiation dose. Analyzing image quality through SNR showed that increasing the slice thickness improved the image quality. However, We should carefully use changes in parameters because the increase in slice thickness also involves an increase in radiation dose.
Comparison of Hypersensitivity Reactions according to Fasting and Non-fasting before Examination in Contrast-Enhanced CT Scan
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Im Cheon-Sik , Cho Min-Seok , Kim Seung-Hee , Ahn Byoung-Hwan , Cho Myeong-Ju
Published: April 2024

Contrast agent is a medication that aids in diagnosis by enhancing the visibility of tissues or blood vessels during a CT scan. However, to prevent hypersensitivity reactions, patients were inconvenienced by having to fast for more than a few hours before the contrast-enhanced CT examination. Recently, the importance of fasting is gradually diminishing as indicated by numerous studies. Our hospital has also revised the fasting guidelines accordingly. As a result, tests other than the abdomen test are now being conducted without requiring fasting. The number of cases of hypersensitivity reactions and nausea before and after the revision was not significant, and retesting did not occur either. Currently, many hospitals in Korea are implementing various fasting guidelines before contrast-enhanced CT scans. It is urgently necessary to revise these guidelines in accordance with the recently announced trend.
High-risk state for psychosis: psychometric screening tools
Authors: Tsarkov I. E. , Novoselova A. E. , Zhilyaeva T. V. , Mazo G. E.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to highlight current ideas available in the world literature about high-risk state for psychosis as a promising diagnostic stage for identification risk groups for the development of schizophrenia in the near future, as well as to allocate and characterize the tools for screening the highrisk state for psychosis.

Identification and timely correction of risk factors is a relevant method for reducing the incidence of schizophrenia and improving the prognosis of the disease.

As a result of the literature data analysis with a summary of the available results of original researches, systematic reviews and meta-analyses the data about currently available approaches to unified standardized diagnostics of high-risk state for psychosis are presented, and their comparative characteristic is carried out.

According to the review of publications, none of the currently available tools fully covers all contemporary diagnostic approaches, and therefore, in order to achieve an optimal result in identifying a state of high risk of psychosis, the combined use of various tools seems to be the most reliable. In addition, the further development of available screening tools and their validation in the Russian population remains relevant.
Biopsychosocial model in psychiatry: an anthropo-synergistic view of the problem (Report №1)
Authors: Abramov V. A. , Melnichenko V. V. , Babura E. V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of the identity of psychiatry as a medical science in the descriptive categories of biological reductionism and humanitarian-anthropological approach. The positive and negative aspects of the use of biomedical principles of evidence-based medicine in psychiatric discourse are presented. The importance of cognition of a person as a synergistic (holistic) reality is emphasized, taking into account scientific prejudices. A systematic holistic description of pathokinesis and the content of a mental disorder is given through the study of the emergent qualities of a personality and its potential. The features of various types of biopsychosocial models are given, which, in the opinion of their adherents, provide a systematic approach to the relationship of the biological substrate (the brain) with mental phenomena and social behavior.
Posttraumatic growth and related factors among relatives, caring for cancer patients. Systematic review (Part 2)
Authors: Shishkova A. M. , Bocharov V. V. , Tsygankova E. S. , Granovskaya E. A.
Published: April 2024

Caring for cancer patients can have not only negative impact on the informal caregivers, but can also be a source of positive personality transformations in the challenging situation associated with cancer.

Aim:identification and synthesis of data on posttraumatic growth (PTG) and socio-demographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with PTG in relatives, caring for patients with cancer.

Methods:The review was conducted according to the statement of the PRISMA guidelines. The review used 2 search strategies: systematic electronic search in databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, EBSCO, SAGE journals и eLIBRARY), manual search of articles in references lists of eligible articles.

Results:Psychological factors are crucial in development of PTG. Perceived social support (especially within the family) and constructive emotion- and problem-focused coping (such as positive reframing coping) are among the factors contributing to the PTG. The data on the positive relationship of with the severity of stressful experiences and emotional distress among caregivers predominate in the analyzed studies. At the same time, there is a lack of agreement on the contribution of psychological distress to the development of PTG.

Conclusion:Development of supportive social environment, constructive coping strategies training, increase of family satisfaction, work with existential and spiritual values, and creation of psychological readiness of caring relatives for loss in case of negative prognosis for patients’ survival should be considered as the main directions of psychological interventions aimed at facilitating PTG in relatives caring for cancer patients.
Interrelation between subjective assessment of mental state and perception of family relations by relatives caring for patients with addiction
Authors: Nechaeva A. I. , Shishkova A. M. , Gromyko D. I. , Bocharov V. V. , Ilyuk R. D.
Published: April 2024

The addictive disorder often becomes a difficult experience for the all family. Studying the factors influencing the level of psychological distress of addicted patients’ relatives is necessary to create an effective system of psychological assistance for them.

Purpose: to reveal the interrelations between the subjective assessment of the mental state and the perception of family relationships among relatives of patients with pathological gambling (PG) and relatives of patients with stimulant use disorder (SUD).

Materials and methods. In a cross-sectional study 100 and 41 patients’ relatives were included in the PG and SUD groups respectively. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Family Environment Scale (FES) was used as an assessment tools. Socio-demographic and clinical data were also collected.

Results. The analysis of interrelations between the severity of psychopathological symptoms and the perception of family relationships in the studied groups determined both general and specific correlations. In both groups there are multiple negative correlations between the majority of SCL-90-R scales and the “Cohesion” scale (FES). The specific interrelations included, for example, multidirectional correlations between the “Expressiveness” scale (FES) and psychopathological symptoms scales of the SCL-90-R. Increased expressiveness in the PG group was associated with less severity of psychopathological symptoms and level of distress, and, on the contrary, a greater severity of psychological distress in respondents of the SUD group. Analysis of the correlations in PG compared to SUD showed greater predictability of the connections between psychopathological symptoms and perception of family relationships in the PG group. Thus, the indicators of psychopathological symptoms and psychological distress are negatively associated with parameters reflecting the perception of family cohesion, trust in intrafamily relations, social activity and family organization and, at the same time, have positive interrelations with the indicator of conflict in family relationships.

Conclusion. The perception of the family cohesion function as the intrapsychic protection that facilitate the relatives’ adaptation in the emerging life situation, regardless of the form of patients’ addiction.
Tumor venéreo transmissível em sistema respiratório superior de canino
Authors: Amorim Nayana Pereira , Mota Filho Antônio Cavalcante , Guimarães Lara , Ramos José Thales Borges Machado , Aguiar Victória Caroliny do Nascimento , Bento Maria Ester Maciel
Published: April 2024

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is one of the most common neoplasms that affect dogs. It has no predilection for sex or breed, but it has a higher incidence in free-ranging dogs that have access to the outdoors. Transmission occurs through the implantation of tumor cells from one animal carrying the disease to another during intercourse, or through contact between mucous membranes during the habit of licking the genitalia affected by the tumor. They generally present on the genitalia, and can also occur in extragenital regions, such as the snout, eye, mouth and subcutaneous tissue. The tumor has a multilobulated appearance, resembling cauliflower, is friable, hemorrhagic and grows irregularly. The diagnosis is made through anamnesis, physical examination, tumor cytology and histopathology for the definitive diagnosis. The treatment of choice is chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, applied intravenously, weekly, always preceding a blood count to analyze the patient's general health status. Considering that TVT is not commonly described in the nasopharyngeal region of dogs, this work aims to report the case of a four-year-old Shitzu dog who presented the tumor, with conformations not characteristic of a TVT, in the nasopharyngeal region, diagnosed through tomography and histopathology of the tumor, removed after surgical incision.
Sistem Manajemen Daya Listrik Pada Pengamanan Kendaraan Berbasis Android
Authors: Hartono Elvianto Dwi , Kridoyono Agung , Yunanda Anton Breva , Sidqon Mochamad
Published: April 2024

The power safety system is a series of monitoring and control technologies in the form of features designed to anticipate and increase power safety for drivers and maintain the stability of the vehicle's electrical system while driving. Several power security systems are generally found in most vehicles. Power security systems are a feature in maintaining the vehicle's electrical condition in addition to security devices for a machine against criminal acts such as theft on vehicles which are increasingly common nowadays so it is hoped that it will be able to minimize the shortage of power system requirements on the machine with control and monitoring carried out using an Android-based mobile application. For this reason, this research will create a power monitoring application and security system for vehicle engines in anticipation of additional power consumption when installing engine security against criminal acts through application-based control. The output produced in this research is an Android mobile application as well as a security system device along with power consumption calculations.
Формування готовності майбутніх учителів природничих дисциплін до реалізації екологічної компоненти професійної діяльності
Authors: Лукашова Ніна
Published: April 2024

A shift of the science and technology from eco-unfriendly to nature-friendly is reflected in environmental education, which is aimed at improving of the moral values, consumption structure and relationship between human and nature. The purpose of research is to consider the directions of development of the ability of the students to put the environmental component of education into practice upon learning the teaching of the subjects in the higher education institutions. The author discusses the changes being made in the last update of the chemistry curriculum for the secondary school (2017) in accordance with the conception “New Ukrainian school 2016”, dealing with the requirements for the development of the key subject competencies as well as the new structural element of the program “Through content lines” intended to the implementation of the competency-based approach in teaching chemistry. The author suggests that the deep understanding of these changes by the students, especially in the course of mastering by the students such a core competencies as “Environmental awareness and healthy lifestyle”, “Basic competencies in science and technology” is an essential requirement for development of being able to put the environmental component of education into a future practice, that performs in two ways: project-based learning and competency-based learning with the focus on the green tasks.Project-based learning as an educational approach combines research, creative and problem-solving techniques. It was found that combined use of these methods at the different steps of projects life cycles allows shifting the focus from just reproduction of an array of knowledge by the students to the motivative educational journey, which encourages cognitive interest and promotes thinking of the future teachers.Carrying out the projects on various topics, resolving the competency-targeted tasks, cross-disciplinary approach assumes sequentially structured work of the students on solving some tasks that is generally aimed at development of the students’ ability to put the environmental component of education into future practice.
Використання активних методів навчання у процесі вивчення шкільних курсів географії
Authors: Бірюкова Надія , Канська Вікторія
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the role of active teaching methods in the educational process of geography, which contribute to activating students’ cognitive activity, preparing them for lifelong self-education, and ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge acquisition. The study utilized theoretical methods, namely general scientific methods of investigating reality, comparative-historical and structural methods, as well as empirical methods: surveys, discussions, interviews; observational (observation, self-observation); practimetric (analysis of advanced and mass pedagogical experience, analysis of activity results).Experimental work was carried out in general secondary education institutions in Vinnytsia city and Vinnytsia region.Various views of scientists and respondents on the substantive essence of the concept of «active teaching methods» have been considered. An analysis of the results of a ascertainment experiment was carried out, during which the real state of the problem in teaching practice was clarified. In particular, during discussions, observations in classes, conducting independent work, surveys of teachers and students, we concluded that at the present stage in the educational process of geography, various active forms and methods of teaching are used. However, their advantages and disadvantages are not always taken into account, often the substantive essence is distorted by teachers, thus the effectiveness is neutralized. Many respondents do not associate deep, thoughtful assimilation of knowledge with the need to organize students’ search activities. Therefore, methods that stimulate active independent creative work of students in geography lessons are underestimated. It is noted that active learning is associated by modern students with creativity, innovation, independence, critical thinking, development of communicative abilities, group activities, ability to substantiate their own position, self-confidence, diversity of opinions, peer learning.Methodological features of applying active and interactive teaching methods in geography lessons have been determined, including research, partially search, brainstorming, educational discussion, analysis of problematic situations, intellectual warm-ups, role-playing games. The motives for their implementation, advantages and disadvantages have been identified. In further research, more attention should be paid to the use of interactive teaching methods, STEM technologies in the process of studying geography to unleash the creative potential of students, and to foster critical thinking on this basis.
FOUCAULT'S ORIENT
Authors: Lazreg Marnia
Published: April 2024

Foucault lived in Tunisia for two years and travelled to Japan and Iran more than once. Yet throughout his critical scholarship, he insisted that the cultures of the “Orient” constitute the “limit” of Western rationality. Using archival research supplemented by interviews with key scholars in Tunisia, Japan and France, this book examines the philosophical sources, evolution as well as contradictions of Foucault’s experience with non-Western cultures. Beyond tracing Foucault’s journey into the world of otherness, the book reveals the personal, political as well as methodological effects of a radical conception of cultural difference that extolled the local over the cosmopolitan.
HEADING FOR THE SCENE OF THE CRASH
Authors: Drummond Lee
Published: April 2024

American anthropologists have long advocated cultural anthropology as a tool for cultural critique, yet seldom has that approach been employed in discussions of major events and cultural productions that impact the lives of tens of millions of Americans. This collection of essays aims to refashion cultural analysis into a hard-edged tool for the study of American society and culture, addressing topics including the 9/11 terrorist attacks, abortion, sports doping, and the Jonestown massacre-suicides. Grounded in the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche, the essays advance an inquiry into the nature of culture in American society.
SOUP, LOVE, AND A HELPING HAND
Authors: Fleischer Friederike
Published: April 2024

Despite growing affluence, a large number of urban Chinese have problems making ends meet. Based on ethnographic research among several different types of communities in Guangzhou, China, Soup, Love and a Helping Hand examines different modes and ideologies of help/support, as well as the related issues of reciprocity, relatedness (kinship), and changing state-society relations in contemporary China. With an emphasis on the subjective experience, Fleischer’s research carefully explores people’s ideas about moral obligations, social expectations, and visions of urban Chinese society.
MEMORIALIZING THE GDR
Authors: Saunders Anna
Published: April 2024

Since unification, eastern Germany has witnessed a rapidly changing memorial landscape, as the fate of former socialist monuments has been hotly debated and new commemorative projects have met with fierce controversy. Memorializing the GDR provides the first in-depth study of this contested arena of public memory, investigating the individuals and groups devoted to the creation or destruction of memorials as well as their broader aesthetic, political, and historical contexts. Emphasizing the interrelationship of built environment, memory and identity, it brings to light the conflicting memories of recent German history, as well as the nuances of national and regional constructions of identity.
SILENCED COMMUNITIES
Authors: Esparza Marcia
Published: April 2024

Although the Guatemalan Civil War ended more than two decades ago, its bloody legacy continues to resonate even today. In Silenced Communities, author Marcia Esparza offers an ethnographic account of the failed demilitarization of the rural militia in the town of Santo Tomás Chichicastenango following the conflict. Combining insights from postcolonialism, subaltern studies, and theories of internal colonialism, Esparza explores the remarkable resilience of ideologies and practices engendered in the context of the Cold War, demonstrating how the lingering effects of grassroots militarization affect indigenous communities that continue to struggle with inequality and marginalization.
THE PARTIAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Hoffmann Michael
Published: April 2024

Located in the far-western Tarai region of Nepal, Kailali has been the site of dynamic social and political change in recent history. The Partial Revolution examines Kailali in the aftermath of Nepal’s Maoist insurgency, critically examining the ways in which revolutionary political mobilization changes social relations—often unexpectedly clashing with the movement’s ideological goals. Focusing primarily on the end of Kailali’s feudal system of bonded labor, Hoffmann explores the connection between politics, labor, and Mao’s legacy, documenting the impact of changing political contexts on labor relations among former debt-bonded laborers.
ПРИНЦИПИ МЕДІАЦІЇ В ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇХ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Француз А.Й.  , Марина Ю.Ю.
Published: April 2024

В даній статті проведено аналіз принципів медіації та особливостей їх застосування в освітньому середовищі України. Дослідження ґрунтується на аналізі чинних нормативно-правових актів та їх порівнянні в різних країнах, а також на інформації, отриманій у результаті вивчення літератури, зокрема праць авторів як юридичних, так і інших суспільних наук, де медіація використовується як засіб домовленості: в психології, медицині, екології, а також використання інструментів та коментарів, характерних для вивчення права. Результати дослідження вказують на те, що окремі типи принципів медіації застосовуються в різних країнах з урахуванням особливостей національних правових систем. Незважаючи на це, такі принципи, як верховенство права, принцип рівності (рівності прав) сторін, принцип добровільності, конфіденційності та поведінки медіатора (незалежність і неупередженість, довіра і справедливість) застосовуються в більшості досліджуваних національних моделей медіації, отже, їх можна назвати фундаментальними. Можна сказати, що виявлено готовність освітнього середовища до впровадження медіації як інструменту вирішення конфліктів в освітньому середовищі. В Україні Закон «Про медіацію» визначає загальні принципи медіації; однак проблема полягає в недостатньо чітких критеріях спорів, які не можна перекласти на медіацію. Крім того, принцип верховенства права слід визначити як один із основоположних принципів медіації.
Принципи медіації ефективні у багатьох сферах життя. Зокрема, у сімейно-побутовій сфері, освітньому середовищі, корпоративних та міжкорпоративних спорах, фінансовому та банківському середовищі, малому та середньому бізнесі, у міжнародному праві та міжкультурній комунікації.
В Україні інститути громадянського суспільства власними силами намагаються запровадити та популяризувати медіацію як альтернативний спосіб вирішення спорів. Проте системні проблеми доступу до правосуддя потребують пошуку інших шляхів вирішення конфліктних ситуацій. Медіація стає особливо актуальною в умовах пандемії коронавірусу COVID-19, повномасштабного вторгнення росії на територію України, окупацію деяких областей України, коли доступ до судової системи обмежений.
ПРОЦЕСИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЕННЯ НА ЗАХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗЕМЛЯХ НА ЗЛАМІ ХІХ ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ: УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ СІЧОВИЙ РУХ, ТЕОРЕТИКО- ПРАВОВІ ОСНОВИ
Authors: Француз А.Й.  , Маковецька Н.Є.
Published: April 2024

У реаліях сьогодення, сучасних геополітичних викликах і протистояннях, українська наукова світоглядна позиція повинна зумовлюватися і зосереджуватися над розвитком новітніх українських державно-правових та історико-правових підходів і вчень, базуватися на характерній проблематиці, її методологічному розширенні вузлових питань і конкретик, що формують цивілізаційні підходи осмислення і розуміння державно-правових практик, ідей, особливостей, що викристалізувалися історією становлення і розвитку української нації. Особливої актуальності ці підходи набувають в умовах більше, ніж десятирічної військової агресії росії теперішнього часу та історичної пам’яті минулого, необхідності реформувань державотворчих процесів місцевого самоврядування, формувань розвитку громадянського суспільства в Україні у європейському демократичному руслі. Водночас, такі підходи повинні поєднувати і систематизувати історико-правові явища і процеси, що дозволить сформувати незаангажоване, незалежне, сучасне осмислення і розуміння становлення та утвердження української державності, її національного відродження, зокрема на прикладах державотворчого подвижництва січового руху українства, як однієї із складових суверенної української держави, що ґрунтується на історії понять і органічного поєднання державотворчих процесів у часах від минувшини до сьогодення, від практики ідей і визвольних змагань до сучасного державотворчого процесу, без практики посиленого нав’язування комуністичної радянщини, що базувалось на принципах соціальної несправедливості і людиноненависництва, опираючись на глибокі знання про історичні процеси і закономірності, етнос і генотип української нації, її традиції розвитку державотворчих процесів.
ПРОТИДІЯ ТЕРОРИЗМУ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ЧАСТИНА ЗОВНІШНІХ ФУНКЦІЙ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНО-ПРАВОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ УКРАЇНИ ТА УГОРЩИНИ
Authors: Скоморовський В.Б.
Published: April 2024

Протидія тероризму є надзвичайно актуальною політикою безпеки нашого часу. Міжнародного значення тероризм набув після Другої світової війни, особливо в другій половині ХХ століття. Терористична діяльність стала більш жорстокою, синхронізованою та витонченою. Сьогодні під тероризмом розуміють суспільно небезпечну діяльність, яка полягає в умисному, цілеспрямованому застосуванні насильства шляхом захоплення заручників, підпалів, вбивств, катувань, залякування населення та органів влади чи вчинення інших посягань на життя чи здоров’я невинних людей чи погрози вчинення злочинних дій з метою досягнення злочинних цілей. З метою запобігання поширенню тероризму на території України було проголошено Антитерористичну операцію під якою розумівся комплекс скоординованих спеціальних заходів, спрямованих на попередження та припинення терористичної діяльності, звільнення заручників, забезпечення громадської безпеки, нейтралізація терористів, мінімізація наслідків терористичної діяльності, де впродовж значного проміжку часу українці на практиці відчували усе його значення. Аналіз подій сьогодення демонструє, що загарбницькі плани країни-агресора не вщухають і стають дедалі очевиднішими. Від цього кожен день страждає значна кількість мирного населення. Росія на практиці дала усвідомити Україні і всьому світові значення терористичної держави, як держави, що відкрито, з використанням власних збройних сил, інших збройних формувань або приховано, з використанням збройних формувань, що діють від імені та (або) в інтересах такої держави, вчиняє терористичні акти, акти міжнародного тероризму. Загалом сфера протидії тероризму на теренах України є ще мало досліджуваною тематикою, яка лише набирає своїх максимальних обертів. В порівняльному аспекті для Угорщини протидія тероризму не є новизною, адже будучи країною Європейського Союзу вона, як і будь який інший його член, виступає однозначно проти насилля. Проте її позиція щодо війни в Україні не завжди є чітко визначеною та послідовною. Даною статтею на основі порівняльно-правового аналізу України та Угорщини здійснюється спроба доповнити науковий обіг окремими аспектами протидії тероризму як складової частини зовнішніх функцій держави.