bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HdC and EHe stars through the prism ofGaiaDR3
Authors: Tisserand P. , Crawford C. L. , Soon J. , Clayton G. C. , Ruiter A. J. , Seitenzahl I. R.
Published: January 2024

Context. TheGaiaDR3 release includes heliocentric radial velocity measurements and velocity variability indices for tens of millions of stars observed over 34 months.

Aims. In this study, we utilise these indices to investigate the intrinsic radial velocity variations of Hydrogen-deficient Carbon (HdC) stars and Extreme Helium (EHe) stars across their large ranges of temperature and brightness.

Methods. Taking advantage of the newly defined HdC temperature classes, we examine the evolution of the total velocity amplitude with effective temperature. Additionally, we analyse the variation in the dust production rate of R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars with temperature using two different proxies for the photometric state of RCB stars: one fromGaiaand another from the 2MASS survey.

Results. Our observations revealed a trend in the evolution of the maximum radial velocity amplitude across each HdC temperature class. Similarly, we also observed a correlation between stellar temperature and the dust production rate.

Conclusions. Interestingly, we possibly observed for the first time some variations of the intrinsic radial velocity amplitude and the dust production rate with HdC temperature class. If confirmed, these variations would indicate that the helium shell-burning giant stage starts with strong atmospheric motions that decrease in strength, up to ~6000 K, before picking up again as the HdC star atmosphere shrinks further in size and reaches warmer temperatures. Moreover, the dust formation rate appears to be much higher in colder RCB stars compared to warmer ones.
The Effect of Servant Leadership on Teacher Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior as Mediation Variables
Authors: Ram Sitti Hardianti , Daud Muhammad , Anwar Hilwa
Published: January 2024

Teachers are the central point of improving the quality of education, so teachers are expected to provide professional performance. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of servant leadership on teacher performance, organizational citizenship behavior on teacher performance, servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, and servant leadership on teacher performance and organizational citizenship behavior as a mediating variable. The research population were 200 teachers in Mamuju regency with a sample of 132 teachers. This study uses a survey quantitative research method. Data analysis in this study uses path analysis and sobel test. The results of the study discovered that there is a significant and positive effect of servant leadership on teacher performance where the value (p = 0.00), a significant and positive effect of organizational citizenship behavior on teacher performance (p =0.00), there is a significant and positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior with value (p = 0.00), and a significant and positive effect on teacher performanceand organizational citizenship behavior as a mediating variable with a value (p =0.02).Therefore, the OCB can be used as a model in strengthening servant leadership to improve teacher performance.
Utilizing Aerial Imagery and Deep Learning Techniques for Identifying Banana Plants Diseases
Authors: Aliff Mohd , Luqman Muhammad , Yusof Mohd Ismail , Sani Nor Samsiah , Syafiq Mohd Usairy , Sadikan Siti Fairuz Nurr , Mahmud Hafizah
Published: January 2024

The primary agricultural pursuit in Malaysia centres around banana cultivation; however, this vital crop faces the daunting challenge of multiple diseases that hinder its growth. The adverse consequences of these diseases extend beyond the farms to impact the nation’s economy. To empower farmers with the tools to promptly identify and categorize these diseases, image processing techniques offer a valuable solution. This research leverages deep learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) implemented through MATLAB in conjunction with a DJI drone. By harnessing this technology, the system can automatically detect and classify major banana diseases. The study meticulously fine-tuned several hyperparameters to achieve impressive training and testing accuracy levels. The results revealed that the model attained its highest training accuracy of 81.27% at epoch 8 and its lowest accuracy of 78.40% at epoch 4, demonstrating its potential to aid in early disease detection and classification in banana crops.
Public Demand Oriented Quality Evaluation Model for Rainstorm Disaster Information Disclosure
Authors: Yan Tianan , Zhang Yifan , Hua Ruikai
Published: January 2024

By investigating the current situation of information disclosure and public demand during rainstorm disaster in Henan Province, this paper builds a model of factors affecting the quality of information disclosure characterized by rainstorm disaster information based on TOE framework theory, metadata evaluation model, resource based theory and resource confirmation theory. With the help of the current situation and demand characteristics of the public’s actual information acquisition, it designs a model with information disclosure content quality, information disclosure accessibility, information disclosure process completeness 10 test dimensions of government information disclosure ability, government feedback ability, minimum information disclosure acceptance ability, information disclosure technology support ability, right to know protection ability, privacy protection ability, right to equality protection ability, and 35 test items of rainstorm disaster information disclosure quality impact factor evaluation scale. The research provides help for government information disclosure to more accurately identify public needs, provides targeted evaluation models and operable evaluation models for rainstorm disaster information quality evaluation in Henan, and provides ideas and strategies for improving rainstorm disaster information quality.
A Subgraph Retrieval Method for Complex Questions Based on Hybrid Semantics and Path Representation
Authors: Hao Jifei , Cheng Bo
Published: January 2024

Current subgraph retrieval methods generally fall into two categories: those that rely on semantic matching, which use only surface-level semantic information of relations and lack flexibility; and those based on personalized PageRank algorithms, which fail to leverage the semantic connection between the relation and the question, rendering them susceptible to noisy data. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel retrieval model that employs hybrid semantics of relations and path representations. Specifically, hybrid semantics involves merging relational and entity information within a knowledge graph to extract the deep semantics of relations and enhance semantic representation by integrating it with the explicit descriptive text of the relations. Path representation merges the semantics of the current relation with those of preceding ones to form a complete path representation. This representation is then semantically matched with the question to compute a score, which determines whether the relation should form part of the subgraph. We integrated our subgraph retrieval model with the Neural Symbolic Machine (NSM) reasoning model and evaluated it on the publicly available CWQ and WebQSP datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our method performs exceptionally well on these datasets, validating the efficacy of utilizing deep semantics and path representations for the retrieval of subgraphs in response to complex questions.
A new chaos function development through the combination of Circle map and MS map
Authors: Mursidah Ichsani , Mt Suryadi , Madenda Sarifuddin
Published: January 2024

Digital data protection is very important to prevent manipulation of digital data by unauthorized parties. Reliable techniques for securing digital data are needed, safe and fast. One technique is to use cryptography. One of the cryptographic techniques that can be used to encode digital data is to use the chaos function. We propose in this paper a new chaos function which is a composition of Circle map and MS map functions. This function has chaotic nature and the result of which is named the MSI-Circle map. The sensitivity and randomness tests of the MSI-Circle map function are carried out using a bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent, and NIST test suites. The analysis result of the bifurcation diagram shows that the MSI-Circle map has a good density at the value ofr∈ (−∞,−3] ∪ [3,−∞]. Lyapunov exponent has a non-negative value atx0=0.4,r =3.8,Ω =0.5,λ=2.1,K =4 which is the domainxn∈ (0, 1) and parameter valuesr, Ω,λandKare any real numbers. The results of the NIST randomness level test show that the MSI-Circle map function passed all the randomness test of 16 NIST tests.
Performance comparison between maximum likelihood estimation and variational method for estimating simple linear regression parameter
Authors: Widyaningsih Yekti , Rizka Hakiim Nur , Siswantining Titin
Published: January 2024

Variational estimation method is a deterministic approximation technique which involves Bayesian framework while giving a point estimate instead of the usual Bayesian interval estimation. The linear regression model, which has always been a popular model, can benefit from the implementation of variational estimation method. In this paper, the theoretical basis on why variational method can reduce overfitting in linear regression is reviewed. Based on the review, in theory, variational method is more robust to overfitting than MLE. This paper also performed a simulation study. The simulation is done in a manner such that the simulation represents the situation of predicting for new or hidden data. The simulation starts from generating random explanatory data and generates the appropriate response data based on linear regression equation. Then, the randomly generated data is used to estimate the linear regression parameters. The simulation is performed to compare the parameters estimation results from variational method with the method of MLE. The comparison is done using the estimation values and the squared differences between true parameters value and the estimates. Empirical findings show that both methods have relatively close estimate values. It can be seen as the simulation study concludes that both variational and ML yield rather close parameters estimates for simple linear regression case. The estimates closeness gets more obvious as the sample size grows. The study also found that Variational method has performs better in terms of parameters estimation in linear regression when the sample size is small or the data has large variance.
Synthesis of Stilbenyl and Bibenzyl Cannabinoids and Analysis of Their Cannabimimetic Potential
Authors: Kayser Oliver , Jordan Erin Noel , Nguyen Gia-Nam , Reynoso-Moreno Inés , Gertsch Jürg
Published: January 2024

Efficient syntheses of stilbenyl and bibenzyl cannabinoids were investigated. A comprehensive synthetic strategy without protecting groups was constructed on direct C–C condensation and [3+3] annulation followed by different intramolecular cyclizations or reductive aromatization. In total, 14 cannabinoids representing chemical diversity were tested for their effect on cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and their inhibitory activity on fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in vitro. Interestingly, different bibenzyl cannabinoids showed moderately potent nanomolar activity. One exception was a stilbenyl cannabichromene, which was characterized as a substance that may have psychoactive properties. Only a bibenzyl cannabidiol showed a significant inhibition of FAAH. The structure–activity relationships of the synthesized cannabinoids are discussed. Our data show the versatility of the cannabinoid scaffold to generate nature-inspired cannabimimetics.
An Exploration of Regioselectivity During Formation of Aminoboronates from Epoxides
Authors: Yudin Andrei K. , Trofimova Alina , Brien Chelsey , Tan Joanne , Trudel Vincent
Published: January 2024

α-Aminoboronic acids and their derivatives are important synthetic targets. Our research interest has been focused on the synthesis and applications of MIDA (N-methyliminodiacetic acid) protected aminoboronates. Herein we report syntheses of regioisomeric β-borylated azidoalcohols. The geminal azidoboronate represents a rare example of an α-azidoalcohol and is produced through trapping of oxonium ions that develop during the rearrangement of α-boryl aldehydes. The vicinal azidoboronate can be obtained from α-bromoacetyl MIDA boronate and enables the preparation of aziridine MIDA boronate through the Staudinger reaction.
Application of game theory in modern electrical power system (a review)
Authors: Ullah Kifayat , Ishaq Muhammad , Albalwi M. Daher , Bonyah Ebenezer , Hussain Nimra Fatima , Rasool Tooba , Rasool Aina , Ahmad Hijaz , Ahmad Zubair
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, because of the speedy progress of the smart grid and the deepening of the reforms of the energy system, demand-side users can contribute to the collaboration of the energy network, with the main right to public energy procurement and the main right to sell energy. The demand side of the smart grid and the open energy market provides users with more adoptions, and game theory is expected to become an important tool for optimizing multi-stakeholder decision-making and solving many problems in this area. In this regard, this review article first reviews the recent development of game theory application in modern power systems, in addition to discussing in detail the typical gaming behavior of the current energy demand side. Second, it focuses on the application of game theory mainly in three aspects: distributed energy users, high-energy energy users, and medium- and low-energy users. Game theory is used in optimizing the distributed energy coordination, optimizing the energy purchasing strategy, responding to the needs of commercial and residential users, and ensuring network communication. Later, a comprehensive analysis of recent trends in game theory application in power systems is carried out in detail.
Stability and synchronization in neural network with delayed synaptic connections
Authors: Brice Azangue A. , Megam Ngouonkadi E. B. , Kabong Nono M. , Fotsin H. B. , Sone Ekonde M. , Yemele D.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we investigate the stability of the synchronous state in a complex network using the master stability function technique. We use the extended Hindmarsh–Rose neuronal model including time delayed electrical, chemical, and hybrid couplings. We find the corresponding master stability equation that describes the whole dynamics for each coupling mode. From the maximum Lyapunov exponent, we deduce the stability state for each coupling mode. We observe that for electrical coupling, there exists a mixing between stable and unstable states. For a good setting of some system parameters, the position and the size of unstable areas can be modified. For chemical coupling, we observe difficulties in having a stable area in the complex plane. For hybrid coupling, we observe a stable behavior in the whole system compared to the case where these couplings are considered separately. The obtained results for each coupling mode help to analyze the stability state of some network topologies by using the corresponding eigenvalues. We observe that using electrical coupling can involve a full or partial stability of the system. In the case of chemical coupling, unstable states are observed whereas in the case of hybrid interactions a full stability of the network is obtained. Temporal analysis of the global synchronization is also done for each coupling mode, and the results show that when the network is stable, the synchronization is globally observed, while in the case when it is unstable, its nodes are not globally synchronized.
A hybrid energy harvester inspired by bionic flapping wing structure based on magnetic levitation
Authors: Fan Bo , Fang Jiwen , Jiang Sirui , Li Chong , Shao Jiang , Liu Wei
Published: January 2024

A hybrid energy harvester based on magnetic levitation is inspired by the structure of the flapping wing, which consists of two parts: one is a flapping wing structure mounted with a piezoelectric sheet, which can achieve piezoelectric energy harvesting; the other is an intermediate muscle unit, which is vertically arranged by three groups of permanent magnets to achieve magnetic levitation electromagnetic energy harvesting. An electromechanical–electromagnetic coupling model of this harvester is established based on electromechanical coupling characteristics. The simulation analysis can evaluate the magnetic field distribution and nonlinear magnetic properties and also analyze its effects on the output performance. Several experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of the hybrid energy harvesting structure and to check the influence of the number of magnets on the output power. The maximum output power of the proposed structure can generate 13.61 mW at 4.5 Hz excitation.
On the possibility of mode coupling for low frequency electromagnetic waves in plasmas with anisotropy of temperature
Authors: Ziebell L. F. , Gaelzer R.
Published: January 2024

We study the dispersion relation for low frequency electromagnetic waves propagating along the ambient magnetic field and investigate the possibility of occurrence of coupling between waves in the ion cyclotron branch and waves in the whistler branch. The results obtained show that the coupling may occur in the case of conditions leading to the ion cyclotron instability, for sufficiently high value of the ratio between perpendicular and parallel ion temperature, and does not occur in the case of conditions leading to the ion firehose instability. The results also show that the decrease in the value of the plasma beta may lead to the disappearance of the mode coupling conditions. Regarding the effect of the electron population, it is shown that the change in the shape of the electron velocity distribution, from Maxwellian to bi-Kappa form, does not change the results obtained, as long as the electron temperatures are isotropic, but the increase in anisotropy in the electron temperatures may lead to the disappearance of the coupling between the different waves. The consequences of the frequency dependency of the mode coupling conditions are discussed considering wave propagation in an inhomogeneous medium, leading to the conclusion that the energy of a packet of waves of a given mode can be absorbed or mode converted over an extended region of space. These findings can be of relevance for the analysis and understanding of processes related to the conversion between ion cyclotron waves and whistler waves.
Sb surface terminated MnSb devices in the niccolite phase
Authors: Holmes S. N. , Burrows C. W. , Bell G. R. , Farrer I. , Ritchie D. A.
Published: January 2024

The magneto-electronic properties of ferromagnetic MnSb grown by molecular beam epitaxy can be dominated by the presence of a surface state in the minority spin bandgap when the surface is Sb-terminated. The material resistivity is 120 µΩ.cm at 295 K, and although this is determined by the majority spin population, the anisotropic magnetoresistance, dependent on minority spins, is ∼0.24% for the Sb-terminated devices with Mn-terminated devices showing ∼0.02%. At 295 K, the extraordinary Hall constant is 0.5 Ω/T for the Sb-terminated surface and 1.5 Ω/T for the Mn-terminated surface with the extraordinary Hall constant and anisotropic magnetoresistance behaving with an anomalous temperature dependence between 295 and 1.5 K. The dominant MnSb structural phase on the GaAs (001) orientation is naturally doped p-type with a carrier density ∼1 × 1022 cm−3 determined by the normal Hall effect after the extraordinary Hall effect has saturated at higher fields than ∼2 T. Spintronic device possibilities are discussed, particularly the spin-light emitting diode and magnetic nano-structures. A natural p-type doping in MnSb limits the devices to dominant hole carrier effects although there is compatibility with both III–V and Si–Ge materials for hybrid device possibilities.
Role of wall roughness on interaction of leakage flow and main flow in a mixed flow pump with tip clearance
Authors: Han Bingfu , Tan Lei , Han Yadong
Published: January 2024

Due to machining precision, spraying coating, cavitation, and erosion, walls of pump flow passage components have different roughness, which will affect the flow state near the wall and even the main flow. In the present work, four types of roughness Ra = 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μm are set to investigate the influence of wall roughness on the interaction of leakage flow and main flow in a mixed flow pump with tip clearance. Results show that the interaction area of leakage flow and main flow can be divided into three regions: (a) tip clearance zone, (b) shear flow zone, and (c) primary vortex zone. In the tip clearance zone, as roughness increases, the velocity magnitude and its derivative at the same wall distance gradually decrease, and the velocity angle at blade tip continuously increases in the inner circular boundary layer. As the roughness increases, the leakage flow gradually decreases, especially in the center chord region. In the shear flow zone, the velocity gradient rapidly decreases along the direction of pressure side to suction side, and finally, it becomes stable. As roughness increases, the velocity gradient intensity decreases, and the main reason is that the differences of velocity magnitude and velocity direction between the inner circular boundary layer and potential region decrease. In the primary vortex zone, the tip leakage vortex core indicated by the Liutex vortex method coincides with the low-pressure core location. As the roughness increases, the tip leakage vortex core becomes closer to the next blade. The pressure coefficient and vorticity of the tip leakage vortex core decrease with increasing of roughness, and the slopes remain constant on different cross sections with value of 5.9 × 103 and 2.4 × 103 m−1, respectively.
Thermal radiation effects on oscillating frequency of heat transfer of Darcy–Forchheimer nanofluid with chemical reaction and applications in machining operations
Authors: Boudjemline Attia , Ullah Zia , El-Zahar Essam. R. , Seddek Laila F. , Abu-Zinadah Hanaa
Published: January 2024

The advancement of cutting tool components and design is presently promoting innovative developments in numerous different machining-related industries. The characteristics of nanofluid are important for machining activities such as the drilling process, grinding, rotating, milling, and cutting. Various machining procedures require distinct lubricating oils and nanofluids for cutting-edge innovations. The significant contribution of the current mechanism is to explore the fluctuating heat and mass flux of Darcy–Forchheimer chemically reactive nanofluid along a buoyancy-driven porous plate under solar radiation region. Flow through a Darcy medium has a wide range of applications such as the use of oil in various hydrothermal transfer control, radioactive nuclear disposal systems, water improvement, and filtration of water. The dimensional model is transformed into non-dimension for scaling factors. The primitive-based transformation is applied on steady and oscillatory parts for smooth algorithm in FORTRAN language machine by using an implicit finite difference method. The numerical and graphical results of velocity, temperature, and concentration are executed by the Gaussian elimination method. To enhance the frequency and wavelength, the impact of solar radiations is applied on periodic nanoparticles with Darcy–Forchheimer relation. The novelty of this proposal is to explore the wave oscillations, amplitude, and phase angle of thermal and concentration boundary layer of Darcy–Forchheimer nanofluid flow under chemical reaction and solar radiation region. It is noticed that the prominent wavelength and frequency in thermal and concentration boundary layers is generated under porous and solar radiation region. The significance of temperature variation increases as solar radiation, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis increase. It is found that minimum oscillation in heat transport is observed as Pr decreases but maximum oscillation in heat transfer is sketched as Pr enhances.
Unraveling the atomic mechanism of the disorder–order phase transition from γ-Ga2O3 to β-Ga2O3
Authors: Wouters Charlotte , Nofal Musbah , Mazzolini Piero , Zhang Jijun , Remmele Thilo , Kwasniewski Albert , Bierwagen Oliver , Albrecht Martin
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we employ in situ transmission electron microscopy to study the disorder–order phase transition from amorphous Ga2O3 to γ-Ga2O3 and then to β-Ga2O3. The in situ studies are complemented by ex situ annealing experiments, of which the results are analyzed by x-ray diffraction and high resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. Amorphous Ga2O3 deposited at 100 °C by molecular beam epitaxy crystallizes at 470 °C in the γ phase (Fd3̄m), which undergoes a phase transition to the β phase above 500 °C. Between 500° and 900 °C, we find a mixture of γ-Ga2O3 and β-Ga2O3 coexisting. Above 950 °C, we find only β-Ga2O3. Through our analyses and by considering symmetry relations, we have constructed a coincidence site lattice of both structures containing a common fcc-type sublattice occupied by oxygen atoms, the cation sites of β-Ga2O3 common to both phases, and partially occupied cation sites in the γ phase corresponding to the interstitial sites in the β phase. We assign the atomic displacements within this lattice responsible for transforming the initially disordered spinel structure with partially occupied cation sites into the well-ordered lattice of β-Ga2O3. We identify this transition as a reconstructive disorder-to-order phase transition, mediated by the exchange of cations to next nearest neighbor sites. Our model not only explains recent observations of the formation of γ-Ga2O3 during implantation for n-type doping and the subsequent recovery of β-Ga2O3 following annealing but also holds potential for inspiring understanding in other materials with similar phase transitions.
Study on the pump cavitation characteristic through novel independent rotation of inducer and centrifugal impeller in co-rotation and counter-rotation modes
Authors: Dehnavi Ehsan , Danlos Amelie , Solis Moises , Kebdani Mohamed , Bakir Farid
Published: January 2024

The influence of counter-rotation between the inducer and impeller, along with a newly introduced system for their independent rotation on the pump cavitation characteristics, has been studied experimentally. Remarkably, this pump allows users to select between co-rotation and counter-rotation modes, providing significant operational adaptability. The high-speed camera is used to analyze vaporization structures and closely monitor the stability of the head pressure delivered by the pump during the cavitation testing phase. For both co-rotation and counter-rotation modes, different types of cavitation within the inducer and between the inducer and the impeller at three varied flow rates have been studied using image analysis. The results reveal improved cavitation performance and comparable efficiency at consistent pressure–flowrate combinations, emphasizing the advantages of counter-rotation across the three tested flow rates. In counter-rotation mode, the tangential velocity of the flow at the output of the inducer is opposite to that of the co-rotation mode. Consequently, the tangential velocity of the flow entering the impeller is reduced, leading to enhanced flow stability and increased pump pressure. The findings from image analysis demonstrate that the structure of cavitation varies between co-rotation and counter-rotation modes. Reversing the rotation direction of the inducer not only improves the pump cavitation characteristics but also changes the vapor structure due to changes in the flow pattern.
Coupling effects of interface charge trapping and polarization switching in HfO2-based ferroelectric field effect transistors
Authors: Hao Tianqi , Zeng Binjian , Sun Zhijie , Wang Zhenguo , Jiang Yongquan , Peng Qiangxiang , Zheng Shuaizhi , Zhou Yichun , Liao Min
Published: January 2024

HfO2-based ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) are regarded as one of the most promising non-volatile memory technologies in the future. However, the charge trapping phenomenon during the program/erase operation is still a challenge. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the behaviors of semiconductor/insulator interface charge trapping in HfO2-based FeFETs. Through analyzing the effects of the spatial distribution of interface traps and the polarization switching speed, the coupling effects of semiconductor/insulator interface charge trapping and polarization switching are recognized. We also find that the band tail state traps have much less influence on the electrical characteristics of the FeFETs than the deep level state traps. Through engineering the devices with band tail state traps with concentrations as small as possible, the influences of charge trapping could be effectively suppressed. Moreover, the gate voltage (VG) scanning rate has a significant influence on the interface charge trapping process due to the time dependent change of ferroelectric polarization. The largest memory window could be obtained by carefully choosing the VG scanning rate of the FeFETs based on the polarization switching speed. This work represents a key step for realizing highly reliable HfO2-based FeFETs.
An economical single-shot pulse picker without nonlinear effect and dispersion
Authors: Hu Chen-Wei , Lu Chia-Yen , Wen Yu-Chieh , Chen Hung-Wen
Published: January 2024

An economical and stable single-shot pulse picker design without dispersion, nonlinear effect, and limitation on wavelength is proposed. This design is composed of a periodic pulse blocker (PPB), a control unit, and a mechanical shutter. It has successfully been applied to the commercial high-fluence femtosecond laser with 11-mm beam diameter, 2-mJ pulse energy, and 1-kHz repetition rate. Significantly, by incorporating commercial optical choppers equipped with custom-designed chopper blades in the PPB, this design can accommodate lasers with fluences reaching 610 mJ/cm2 and the standard 1 kHz repetition rate typical of high-fluence lasers. Furthermore, the proposed design provides a cost-effective substitute compared to using electro-optic modulators or acousto-optic modulators.
Research on vibration stability of a mirror bender system for synchrotron radiation
Authors: Lan Lan , Wang Nan , Zhu WanQian , Jin LiMin , Zhang LiMin , Xue Song
Published: January 2024

This paper accurately predicts and quantifies the vibration response characteristics of a mirror bender system with the finite element simulation and experiment. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the roll angle vibration is 24.66 Hz, and the fundamental frequency of the pitch angle vibration is 116.21 Hz. The overall error is within 11.15% in comparision with the first six natural frequencies obtained from experiments and simulations. The vertical support rod, being one of the weakest links in the overall structural stiffness, is a crucial factor limiting the increase in the natural frequency of the mirror system. Before and after the injection of cooling water, the pitch angle vibration was 123.63 and 199.04 nrad, respectively. An increase in the cooling water flow rate from 1 to 1.5 l/min has almost no effect on pitch angle vibrations. This study provides references and guidance for improving the stability of the mirror system.
A perspective on computer vision in biosensing
Authors: Liu Li , Du Ke
Published: January 2024

Computer vision has become a powerful tool in the field of biosensing, aiding in the development of innovative and precise systems for the analysis and interpretation of biological data. This interdisciplinary approach harnesses the capabilities of computer vision algorithms and techniques to extract valuable information from various biosensing applications, including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food health. Despite years of development, there is still significant room for improvement in this area. In this perspective, we outline how computer vision is applied to raw sensor data in biosensors and its advantages to biosensing applications. We then discuss ongoing research and developments in the field and subsequently explore the challenges and opportunities that computer vision faces in biosensor applications. We also suggest directions for future work, ultimately underscoring the significant impact of computer vision on advancing biosensing technologies and their applications.
Effect of film morphology on circular dichroism of low-dimensional chiral hybrid perovskites
Authors: Makhija Urmila , Rajput Parikshit Kumar , Parthiban Pavithra , Nag Angshuman
Published: January 2024

Chiral hybrid lead halide perovskites show interesting chiral optoelectronic properties. The extent of chirality is often estimated by their circular dichroism (CD) response. Here, we show that the CD data depend strongly on film morphology. Four of the six chiral hybrid lead halide films prepared, 2D (R- and S-MBA)2PbI4 and 1D (R- and S-MBA)PbI3 (MBA: methylbenzylammonium), form homogenous non-textured films and show an isotropic CD signal. In contrast, the other two samples, 1D (R- and S-MBA)PbBr3, form textured films, showing uncorrelated CD signals from different parts of the film. Therefore, the role of film morphology needs to be verified before designing and comparing the chiroptic and chiral optoelectronic properties of hybrid perovskites.
Kinetic pathway and micromechanics of fusion/fission for polyelectrolyte vesicles
Authors: Liu Luofu , Duan Chao , Wang Rui
Published: January 2024

Despite the wide existence of vesicles in living cells as well as their important applications like drug delivery, the underlying mechanism of vesicle fusion/fission remains under debate. Classical models cannot fully explain recent observations in experiments and simulations. Here, we develop a constrained self-consistent field theory that allows tracking the shape evolution and free energy as a function of center-of-mass separation distance. Fusion and fission are described in a unified framework. Both the kinetic pathway and the mechanical response can be simultaneously captured. By taking vesicles formed by polyelectrolytes as a model system, we predict discontinuous transitions between the three morphologies: parent vesicle with a single cavity, hemifission/hemifusion, and two separated child vesicles, as a result of breaking topological isomorphism. With the increase in inter-vesicle repulsion, we observe a great reduction in the cleavage energy, indicating that vesicle fission can be achieved without hemifission, in good agreement with simulation results. The force–extension relationship elucidates typical plasticity for separating two vesicles. The super extensibility in the mechanical response of vesicle is in stark contrast to soft particles with other morphologies, such as cylinder and sphere. Our work elucidates the fundamental physical chemistry based on intrinsic topological features of vesicle fusion/fission, which provides insights into various phenomena observed in experiments and simulations.
Aboriginal Health Practitioners obtaining, possessing and administering fluoride varnish: self-determination driven regulation amendment for integrated oral health care for Aboriginal children
Authors: Ummer-Christian Rahila , Widdicombe Dallas , Raichur Anil , Couch Danielle
Published: January 2024

Self-determination informed policies are key to improved outcomes for Aboriginal health. Aboriginal leadership must be reflected throughout any public health reform process that affects Aboriginal communities. This paper presents a body of oral health policy work, undertaken under Loddon Mallee Aboriginal Reference Group’s (LMARG’s) leadership, as an exemplar of a self-determination informed change, that led to an amendment of an Australian state (Victoria) regulation – The Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Amendment (Registered Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practitioners [AHPs]) Regulations 2022. A summary of activities undertaken by LMARG, from advocacy to leading the submission, to amend the regulation, is provided. The amendment, now in place, authorises registered AHPs to obtain, possess, and administer fluoride varnish (FV) as a part of health services they provide. FV is a concentrated form of fluoride applied to tooth surfaces to prevent tooth decay. The practical implication of this amendment is delivery of a culturally appropriate integrated oral health promotion FV model that addresses mainstream dental access barriers commonly experienced by Aboriginal people. The model aims at upskilling an Aboriginal workforce to facilitate timely FV application to Aboriginal children.
The immunoglobulin J chain is an evolutionarily co-opted chemokine
Authors: Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Ohta Yuko , Castro Caitlin D. , Flajnik Martin F.
Published: January 2024

The joining (J) chain regulates polymerization of multimeric Immunoglobulin(Ig)M and IgA, forming a disulfide bond to the C termini of their Ig heavy chains, and it controls IgM/IgA transport across mucosal epithelia. Like Ig itself and human-like adaptive immunity, J chain emerged in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), but its origin has remained mysterious since its discovery over 50 y ago. Here, we show unexpectedly that J chain is a member of the CXCL chemokine family. The J chain gene (
JCHAIN
) is linked to clustered
CXCL
chemokine loci in all gnathostomes except actinopterygians that lost
JCHAIN
.
JCHAIN
and most
CXCL
genes have four exons with the same intron phases, including the same cleavage site for the signal peptide/mature protein. The second exon of both genes encodes a CXC motif at the same position, and the lengths of exons 1 to 3 are similar. No other gene in the human secretome shares all of these characteristics. In contrast, intrachain disulfide bonds of the two proteins are completely different, likely due to modifications in J chain to direct Ig polymerization and mucosal transport. Crystal structures of CXCL8 and J chain share a conserved beta-strand core but diverge otherwise due to different intrachain disulfide bonds and extension of the J chain C terminus. Identification of this ancestral affiliation between J chain and CXCL chemokines addresses an age-old problem in immunology.
Introduction
Authors: Nassenstein Nico , Mitchell Alice , Hollington Andrea
Published: January 2024

The study of African languages, cultural practices and
speakers’ conceptualizations is complex and multilayered. This introductory
chapter provides an overview of the goals and scope of the volume. It also
offers a short historical survey of anthropological linguistics as well as
some reflections on the forms this field of enquiry has taken in relation to
African languages. We discuss the structure of the volume, including chapter
summaries and intersections, and conclude with some remarks on the future of
the anthropological linguistics of Africa.
A cautious approach to spatial orientation in Tima
Authors: Alamin Suzan , Schneider-Blum Gertrud
Published: January 2024

This study investigates two subdomains within the
semantic field of space among the Tima in Sudan: first, topology (and
toponymy), and second, frames of reference. Like many European languages,
Tima uses adpositions to indicate a goal/location and a source. Furthermore,
Tima uses locative prefixes (remnants of a noun class system) to designate
an area. With respect to frames of reference, we show that Tima uses a mixed
system, availing of all major frames, i.e., absolute, intrinsic, and
relative. The data at our disposal suggests that mobility as well as the
shape of figure and ground play a role in the encoding of spatial relations
in Tima, a hypothesis which needs testing with more data.
Utu as epistemology and conviviality in Kiswahili
culture
Authors: Brühwiler Agnes , Hollington Andrea
Published: January 2024

Anthropological linguistics is essentially concerned with
language in/as cultural practices as they emerge and change through humans
living in communities. Yet the aspect of living together itself has rarely
been explicitly addressed from anthropological linguistic perspectives. In
our contribution, we aim to explore the concept of utu
(‘humanity’) in Kiswahili by looking at linguistic practices in different
domains. To show that utu can be regarded as an
epistemology and a way of knowing and mastering living together as humans,
we will look at language in unyago (coming-of-age rituals),
proverbs and sayings but also at grammatical features of Kiswahili. This
chapter thus investigates concepts of humanity at the intersection of
language and culture.
Kin-relational expressions of the Tima (Nuba Mountains, Sudan)
Authors: Veit Nataliya , Schneider-Blum Gertrud
Published: January 2024

Tima, a language of the Nuba Mountains in Sudan, is
severely endangered, as can be seen in many disappearing domains of the
lexicon. One domain that is still relatively strong pertains to kinship.
Continued use of this vocabulary can be linked to the high value still
placed on social accountability among relatives. However, other aspects
considered to be part of the handed-down social texture seem to be gradually
falling into oblivion. This contribution on the lexical expression of
kinship in Tima aims to describe the status quo concerning the structure of
kinship units, i.e., the clan system, as well as the lexicon of kin
relations. With regard to the latter, we also look at kin terms used in
referential practices beyond the narrow domain of kin relatedness.
Tail-head linkage in Upper Guinea Coast languages
Authors: Cobbinah Alexander
Published: January 2024

This paper draws attention to a phenomenon at the
intersection of pragmatics, discourse analysis and syntax known as tail-head
linkage (THL) in Baïnounk Gubëeher and other West African languages spoken
in Upper Guinea (Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Cabo Verde). THL is a discourse
feature common in narratives and procedural texts, whereby phrases or parts
of phrases are repeated in consecutive phrases to create discourse cohesion.
Largely absent from European languages, THL is common in languages of Papua,
Australia and the Amazon, but has not yet been described in depth for any
African or so-called Creole languages. However, these structures are well
attested in Atlantic languages spoken in the Casamance area and also in
various of the regional Portuguese based Creoles. As these languages are not
closely genetically related, THL is a good candidate for an areal feature.
Drawing on a corpus of transcribed texts in Baïnounk Gubëeher and Joola
Kujireray and Banjal as well as experimental data in those languages as well
as four varieties of Upper Guinea Creoles (Santo Antão, São Vicente,
Casamance, Bissau), the discursive function, frequency and the syntactic
strategies for the use of these structures are described and compared.
On politeness and taboo among the Zande
Authors: Pasch Helma , Gumekpala Faustin Dusa
Published: January 2024

Azande living in rural areas have to obey many rules of
behavior, many of which are determined by politeness or are rules determined
by taboos, which are often interrelated. Politeness rules concern behavior
towards other people, and they depend on age, social hierarchy and
in-law-relationships. If these rules are disrespected, offenses can be
corrected. Taboos, however, are absolute prohibitions with regard to certain
persons, places or phenomena, which are complied with by everybody. Neglect
of taboos may lead to sanctions which cannot be undone, such as hair turning
red or the body becoming uncontrollably obese. The impact of taboos is
stronger than that of politeness rules.
Space, Time, World
Authors: Fortescue Michael
Published: January 2024

Although major cognitively based studies of SPACE and TIME in language have appeared in terms of “Frames of Reference”, these do not extend to a wide selection of the world’s languages, nor do they combine SPACE and TIME in the overarching concept of WORLD, which has its own corresponding frames of reference. The aim of relating and unifying these concepts and their expression across languages constitutes the unique thrust of the present book, which will represent a significant extension of earlier approaches. Among its main conclusions will be that the complete separation of terms for SPACE and TIME is a relatively recent cultural phenomenon, rather than just a metaphorical extension of the latter from the former. The book will be of interest to all students and practitioners of Linguistics, in particular Cognitive Linguistics and Linguistic typology, but also to a more general readership interested in the historical evolution of concepts of SPACE and TIME.
Indeterminate pronouns in Kaqchikel
Authors: Duncan Philip T. , Torrence Harold , Mateo Pedro Pedro
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the morphology, syntax, and semantics of five non-interrogative constructions that involve
wh-expressions in Kaqchikel, a Mayan language of the K’ichean branch spoken in Guatemala. We focus on the properties of maximal
free relative clauses, existential free relative clauses, ever free relative clauses, free choice items and
negative indefinites. We show that the interpretive properties of these constructions are strikingly similar to those found in a
number of unrelated languages.
Unraveling the multifaceted nature of job satisfaction among migrant healthcare interpreters/translators
Authors: Phanthaphoommee Narongdej , Thumvichit Athip
Published: January 2024

This study employs Q methodology to analyze the job satisfaction of healthcare interpreters/translators who serve Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. The unique working conditions imposed by the pandemic are addressed from the various perspectives of the interpreters and translators, who are also migrants. The participants (n = 26) were clustered into different groups based on their shared viewpoints on sources of job satisfaction. The findings confirm that job satisfaction among healthcare interpreters and translators is multifaceted and personal; they derive from interactions with other members of the interpreter’s immediate professional circle, confidence in one’s own inherent values, and an emotional urge to belong to their professional community, which is dominated by the host country’s citizens. This study concludes that recognizing and bolstering the commitments of healthcare interpreters and translators is vital for establishing work-life balance and should be supported by the state, particularly during times of crisis.
Spherically symmetric elastic bodies in general relativity
Authors: Alho Artur , Natário José , Pani Paolo , Raposo Guilherme
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this review it to present a renewed perspective of the problem of self-gravitating elastic bodies under spherical symmetry. It is also a companion to the papers (2022Phys. Rev.D105044025, 2022Phys. Rev.D106L041502) and (arXiv:2306.16584[gr-qc]), where we introduced a new definition of spherically symmetric elastic bodies in general relativity, and applied it to investigate the existence and physical viability, including radial stability, of static self-gravitating elastic balls. We focus on elastic materials that generalize fluids with polytropic, linear, and affine equations of state, and discuss the symmetries of the energy density function, including homogeneity and the resulting scale invariance of the TOV equations. By introducing invariant characterizations of physically admissible initial data, we numerically construct mass-radius-compactness diagrams, and conjecture about the maximum compactness of stable physically admissible elastic balls.