bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Experience of the UK national diagnostic service, Sheffield
Authors: Bowen Jessica M. , Hernandez Monica , Johnson Diana S. , Green Claire , Kammin Tammy , Baker Duncan , Keigwin Sylvia , Makino Seiko , Taylor Naomi , Watson Oliver , Wheeldon Nigel M. , Sobey Glenda J.
Published: March 2023

The UK National Diagnostic Service for Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) was established in 2009 for the rare types of EDS. Vascular EDS (vEDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the COL3A1 gene. Associated tissue fragility affects multiple organ systems, increasing the risk of blood vessel dissection and rupture, with potentially fatal consequences. The diagnosis of vEDS has improved with advances in genetic testing, however this is most often suspected following an acute event. We provide data on the clinical features of vEDS for 180 patients (full cohort) seen in our service with confirmed molecular diagnoses. Increased awareness of this rare condition will prompt genetic testing essential to confirm the diagnosis. Outcomes are improved by early diagnosis followed by appropriate management. Fragile connective tissues make invasive procedures potentially dangerous, particularly in an emergency setting. Lifestyle advice from a young age can help acceptance and understanding of the diagnosis and inform choices. There is currently limited evidence for the use of drug therapy to reduce vascular events. We report on the incidence of vascular events in 126 patients (statistical analysis cohort) in our care and the use of medication. Our retrospective data showed that those patients on a long-term angiotensin II receptor blocker and/or beta-blocker had fewer vascular events than those not on cardiac medication who received the same lifestyle and emergency care advice.
Reversal of nanomagnets by propagating magnons in ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet enabling nonvolatile magnon memory
Authors: Baumgaertl Korbinian , Grundler Dirk
Published: March 2023

Despite the unprecedented downscaling of CMOS integrated circuits, memory-intensive machine learning and artificial intelligence applications are limited by data conversion between memory and processor. There is a challenging quest for novel approaches to overcome this so-called von Neumann bottleneck. Magnons are the quanta of spin waves. Their angular momentum enables power-efficient computation without charge flow. The conversion problem would be solved if spin wave amplitudes could be stored directly in a magnetic memory. Here, we report the reversal of ferromagnetic nanostripes by spin waves which propagate in an underlying spin-wave bus. Thereby, the charge-free angular momentum flow is stored after transmission over a macroscopic distance. We show that the spin waves can reverse large arrays of ferromagnetic stripes at a strikingly small power level. Combined with the already existing wave logic, our discovery is path-breaking for the new era of magnonics-based in-memory computation and beyond von Neumann computer architectures.
Long-term measles antibody profiles following different vaccine schedules in China, a longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Qianli , Wang Wei , Winter Amy K. , Zhan Zhifei , Ajelli Marco , Trentini Filippo , Wang Lili , Li Fangcai , Yang Juan , Xiang Xingyu , Liao Qiaohong , Zhou Jiaxin , Guo Jinxin , Yan Xuemei , Liu Nuolan , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Grenfell Bryan T. , Yu Hongjie
Published: March 2023

Characterizing the long-term kinetics of maternally derived and vaccine-induced measles immunity is critical for informing measles immunization strategies moving forward. Based on two prospective cohorts of children in China, we estimate that maternally derived immunity against measles persists for 2.4 months. Following two-dose series of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) at 8 and 18 months of age, the immune protection against measles is not lifelong, and antibody concentrations are extrapolated to fall below the protective threshold of 200 mIU/ml at 14.3 years. A catch-up MCV dose in addition to the routine doses between 8 months and 5 years reduce the cumulative incidence of seroreversion by 79.3–88.7% by the age of 6 years. Our findings also support a good immune response after the first MCV vaccination at 8 months. These findings, coupled with the effectiveness of a catch-up dose in addition to the routine doses, could be instrumental to relevant stakeholders when planning routine immunization schedules and supplemental immunization activities.
Histone demethylase KDM2A is a selective vulnerability of cancers relying on alternative telomere maintenance
Authors: Li Fei , Wang Yizhe , Hwang Inah , Jang Ja-Young , Xu Libo , Deng Zhong , Yu Eun Young , Cai Yiming , Wu Caizhi , Han Zhenbo , Huang Yu-Han , Huang Xiangao , Zhang Ling , Yao Jun , Lue Neal F. , Lieberman Paul M. , Ying Haoqiang , Paik Jihye , Zheng Hongwu
Published: March 2023

Telomere length maintenance is essential for cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. 5% − 10% of human cancers rely on a recombination-based mechanism termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to sustain their replicative immortality, yet there are currently no targeted therapies. Through CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens in an ALT-immortalized isogenic cellular model, here we identify histone lysine demethylase KDM2A as a molecular vulnerability selectively for cells contingent on ALT-dependent telomere maintenance. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that KDM2A is required for dissolution of the ALT-specific telomere clusters following recombination-directed telomere DNA synthesis. We show that KDM2A promotes de-clustering of ALT multitelomeres through facilitating isopeptidase SENP6-mediated SUMO deconjugation at telomeres. Inactivation of KDM2A or SENP6 impairs post-recombination telomere de-SUMOylation and thus dissolution of ALT telomere clusters, leading to gross chromosome missegregation and mitotic cell death. These findings together establish KDM2A as a selective molecular vulnerability and a promising drug target for ALT-dependent cancers.
Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast
Authors: Brielle Esther S. , Fleisher Jeffrey , Wynne-Jones Stephanie , Sirak Kendra , Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen , Callan Kim , Curtis Elizabeth , Iliev Lora , Lawson Ann Marie , Oppenheimer Jonas , Qiu Lijun , Stewardson Kristin , Workman J. Noah , Zalzala Fatma , Ayodo George , Gidna Agness O. , Kabiru Angela , Kwekason Amandus , Mabulla Audax Z. P. , Manthi Fredrick K. , Ndiema Emmanuel , Ogola Christine , Sawchuk Elizabeth , Al-Gazali Lihadh , Ali Bassam R. , Ben-Salem Salma , Letellier Thierry , Pierron Denis , Radimilahy Chantal , Rakotoarisoa Jean-Aimé , Raaum Ryan L. , Culleton Brendan J. , Mallick Swapan , Rohland Nadin , Patterson Nick , Mwenje Mohammed Ali , Ahmed Khalfan Bini , Mohamed Mohamed Mchulla , Williams Sloan R. , Monge Janet , Kusimba Sibel , Prendergast Mary E. , Reich David , Kusimba Chapurukha M.
Published: March 2023

The urban peoples of the Swahili coast traded across eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean and were among the first practitioners of Islam among sub-Saharan people1,2. The extent to which these early interactions between Africans and non-Africans were accompanied by genetic exchange remains unknown. Here we report ancient DNA data for 80 individuals from 6 medieval and early modern (ad 1250–1800) coastal towns and an inland town afterad 1650. More than half of the DNA of many of the individuals from coastal towns originates from primarily female ancestors from Africa, with a large proportion—and occasionally more than half—of the DNA coming from Asian ancestors. The Asian ancestry includes components associated with Persia and India, with 80–90% of the Asian DNA originating from Persian men. Peoples of African and Asian origins began to mix by aboutad 1000, coinciding with the large-scale adoption of Islam. Before aboutad 1500, the Southwest Asian ancestry was mainly Persian-related, consistent with the narrative of the Kilwa Chronicle, the oldest history told by people of the Swahili coast3. After this time, the sources of DNA became increasingly Arabian, consistent with evidence of growing interactions with southern Arabia4. Subsequent interactions with Asian and African people further changed the ancestry of present-day people of the Swahili coast in relation to the medieval individuals whose DNA we sequenced.
Forming intracluster gas in a galaxy protocluster at a redshift of 2.16
Authors: Di Mascolo Luca , Saro Alexandro , Mroczkowski Tony , Borgani Stefano , Churazov Eugene , Rasia Elena , Tozzi Paolo , Dannerbauer Helmut , Basu Kaustuv , Carilli Christopher L. , Ginolfi Michele , Miley George , Nonino Mario , Pannella Maurilio , Pentericci Laura , Rizzo Francesca
Published: March 2023

Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound structures in the Universe, comprising thousands of galaxies and pervaded by a diffuse, hot intracluster medium (ICM) that dominates the baryonic content of these systems. The formation and evolution of the ICM across cosmic time1is thought to be driven by the continuous accretion of matter from the large-scale filamentary surroundings and energetic merger events with other clusters or groups. Until now, however, direct observations of the intracluster gas have been limited only to mature clusters in the later three-quarters of the history of the Universe, and we have been lacking a direct view of the hot, thermalized cluster atmosphere at the epoch when the first massive clusters formed. Here we report the detection (about 6σ) of the thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect2in the direction of a protocluster. In fact, the SZ signal reveals the ICM thermal energy in a way that is insensitive to cosmological dimming, making it ideal for tracing the thermal history of cosmic structures3. This result indicates the presence of a nascent ICM within the Spiderweb protocluster at redshiftz = 2.156, around 10 billion years ago. The amplitude and morphology of the detected signal show that the SZ effect from the protocluster is lower than expected from dynamical considerations and comparable with that of lower-redshift group-scale systems, consistent with expectations for a dynamically active progenitor of a local galaxy cluster.
Spatial multiomics map of trophoblast development in early pregnancy
Authors: Arutyunyan Anna , Roberts Kenny , Troulé Kevin , Wong Frederick C. K. , Sheridan Megan A. , Kats Ilia , Garcia-Alonso Luz , Velten Britta , Hoo Regina , Ruiz-Morales Elias R. , Sancho-Serra Carmen , Shilts Jarrod , Handfield Louis-Francois , Marconato Luca , Tuck Elizabeth , Gardner Lucy , Mazzeo Cecilia Icoresi , Li Qian , Kelava Iva , Wright Gavin J. , Prigmore Elena , Teichmann Sarah A. , Bayraktar Omer Ali , Moffett Ashley , Stegle Oliver , Turco Margherita Y. , Vento-Tormo Roser
Published: March 2023

The relationship between the human placenta—the extraembryonic organ made by the fetus, and the decidua—the mucosal layer of the uterus, is essential to nurture and protect the fetus during pregnancy. Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) derived from placental villi infiltrate the decidua, transforming the maternal arteries into high-conductance vessels1. Defects in trophoblast invasion and arterial transformation established during early pregnancy underlie common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia2. Here we have generated a spatially resolved multiomics single-cell atlas of the entire human maternal–fetal interface including the myometrium, which enables us to resolve the full trajectory of trophoblast differentiation. We have used this cellular map to infer the possible transcription factors mediating EVT invasion and show that they are preserved in in vitro models of EVT differentiation from primary trophoblast organoids3,4 and trophoblast stem cells5. We define the transcriptomes of the final cell states of trophoblast invasion: placental bed giant cells (fused multinucleated EVTs) and endovascular EVTs (which form plugs inside the maternal arteries). We predict the cell–cell communication events contributing to trophoblast invasion and placental bed giant cell formation, and model the dual role of interstitial EVTs and endovascular EVTs in mediating arterial transformation during early pregnancy. Together, our data provide a comprehensive analysis of postimplantation trophoblast differentiation that can be used to inform the design of experimental models of the human placenta in early pregnancy.
Mendelian randomization analyses reveal causal relationships between the human microbiome and longevity
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Zou Leying , Nie Chao , Qin Youwen , Tong Xin , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Jin Xin , Xiao Liang , Zhang Tao , Min Junxia , Zeng Yi , Jia Huijue , Hou Yong
Published: March 2023

Although recent studies have revealed the association between the human microbiome especially gut microbiota and longevity, their causality remains unclear. Here, we assess the causal relationships between the human microbiome (gut and oral microbiota) and longevity, by leveraging bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of the gut and oral microbiome from the 4D-SZ cohort and longevity from the CLHLS cohort. We found that some disease-protected gut microbiota such as Coriobacteriaceae and Oxalobacter as well as the probiotic Lactobacillus amylovorus were related to increased odds of longevity, whereas the other gut microbiota such as colorectal cancer pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, Coprococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria were negatively associated with longevity. The reverse MR analysis further revealed genetically longevous individuals tended to have higher abundances of Prevotella and Paraprevotella but lower abundances of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species. Few overlaps of gut microbiota-longevity interactions were identified across different populations. We also identified abundant links between the oral microbiome and longevity. The additional analysis suggested that centenarians genetically had a lower gut microbial diversity, but no difference in oral microbiota. Our findings strongly implicate these bacteria to play a role in human longevity and underscore the relocation of commensal microbes among different body sites that would need to be monitored for long and healthy life.
Thermochemical process and compact apparatus for concentrating oxygen in extraterrestrial atmospheres: a feasibility study
Authors: Eltayeb Asmaa , Klaas Lena , Kölz Leonhard , Vieten Josua , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian
Published: March 2023

The Martian atmosphere contains 0.16% oxygen, which is an example of an in-situ resource that can be used as precursor or oxidant for propellants, for life support systems and potentially for scientific experiments. Thus, the present work is related to the invention of a process to concentrate oxygen in the oxygen-deficient extraterrestrial atmosphere by means of a thermochemical process and the determination of a suitable best-case apparatus design to carry out the process. The perovskite oxygen pumping (POP) system uses the underlying chemical process, which is based on the temperature-dependent chemical potential of oxygen on multivalent metal oxide, to release and absorb oxygen in response to temperature swings. The primary goal of this work is therefore to identify suitable materials for the oxygen pumping system and to optimize the oxidation–reduction temperature and time, required to operate the system, to produce 2.25 kg of oxygen per hour under the Martian most-extreme environmental conditions and based on the thermochemical process concept. Radioactive materials such as244Cm,238Pu and90Sr are analyzed as a heating source for the operation of the POP system, and critical aspects of the technology as well as weaknesses and uncertainties related to the operational concept are identified.
Mechanical and leakage integrity testing considerations for evaluating the performance of tissue containment systems
Authors: Herman Alexander , Duraiswamy Nandini , Nandy Poulomi , Price Veronica , Gibeily George , Hariharan Prasanna
Published: March 2023

Tissue containment systems (TCS) are medical devices that may be used during morcellation procedures during minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. TCS are not new devices but their use as a potential mitigation for the spread of occult malignancy during laparoscopic power morcellation of fibroids and/or the uterus has been the subject of interest following reports of upstaging of previously undetected sarcoma in women who underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Development of standardized test methods and acceptance criteria to evaluate the safety and performance of these devices will speed development, allowing for more devices to benefit patients. As a part of this study, a series of preclinical experimental bench test methods were developed to evaluate the mechanical and leakage performance of TCS that may be used in power morcellation procedures. Experimental tests were developed to evaluate mechanical integrity, e.g., tensile, burst, puncture, and penetration strengths for the TCS, and leakage integrity, e.g., dye and microbiological leakage (both acting as surrogates for blood and cancer cells) through the TCS. In addition, to evaluate both mechanical integrity and leakage integrity as a combined methodology, partial puncture and dye leakage was conducted on the TCS to evaluate the potential for leakage due to partial damage caused by surgical tools. Samples from 7 different TCSs were subjected to preclinical bench testing to evaluate leakage and mechanical performance. The performance of the TCSs varied significantly between different brands. The leakage pressure of the TCS varied between 26 and > 1293 mmHg for the 7 TCS brands. Similarly, the tensile force to failure, burst pressure, and puncture force varied between 14 and 80 MPa, 2 and 78 psi, and 2.5 N and 47 N, respectively. The mechanical failure and leakage performance of the TCS were different for homogeneous and composite TCSs. The test methods reported in this study may facilitate the development and regulatory review of these devices, may help compare TCS performance between devices, and increase provider and patient accessibility to improved tissue containment technologies.
Mortality rates of severe COVID-19-related respiratory failure with and without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the Middle Ruhr Region of Germany
Authors: Aweimer Assem , Petschulat Lea , Jettkant Birger , Köditz Roland , Finkeldei Johannes , Dietrich Johannes W. , Breuer Thomas , Draese Christian , Frey Ulrich H. , Rahmel Tim , Adamzik Michael , Buchwald Dirk , Useini Dritan , Brechmann Thorsten , Hosbach Ingolf , Bünger Jürgen , Ewers Aydan , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Mügge Andreas
Published: March 2023

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is discussed to improve patients’ outcome in severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure, but data on ECMO remains controversial. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with or without veno-venous ECMO support and to evaluate outcome parameters. Ventilated patients with COVID-19 with and without additional ECMO support were analyzed in a retrospective multicenter study regarding clinical characteristics, respiratory and laboratory parameters in day-to-day follow-up. Recruitment of patients was conducted during the first three COVID-19 waves at four German university hospitals of the Ruhr University Bochum, located in the Middle Ruhr Region. From March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021, the charts of 149 patients who were ventilated for COVID-19 infection, were included (63.8% male, median age 67 years). Fifty patients (33.6%) received additional ECMO support. On average, ECMO therapy was initiated 15.6 ± 9.4 days after symptom onset, 10.6 ± 7.1 days after hospital admission, and 4.8 ± 6.4 days after the start of IMV. Male sex and higher SOFA and RESP scores were observed significantly more often in the high-volume ECMO center. Pre-medication with antidepressants was more often detected in survivors (22.0% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.006). ECMO patients were 14 years younger and presented a lower rate of concomitant cardiovascular diseases (18.0% vs. 47.5%; p = 0.0004). Additionally, cytokine-adsorption (46.0% vs. 13.1%; p < 0.0001) and renal replacement therapy (76.0% vs. 43.4%; p = 0.0001) were carried out more frequently; in ECMO patients thrombocytes were transfused 12-fold more often related to more than fourfold higher bleeding complications. Undulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and massive increase in bilirubin levels (at terminal stage) could be observed in deceased ECMO patients. In-hospital mortality was high (Overall: 72.5%, ECMO: 80.0%, ns). Regardless of ECMO therapy half of the study population deceased within 30 days after hospital admission. Despite being younger and with less comorbidities ECMO therapy did not improve survival in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Undulating CRP levels, a massive increase of bilirubin level and a high use of cytokine-adsorption were associated with worse outcomes. In conclusion, ECMO support might be helpful in selected severe cases of COVID-19.
Exploring preferences and decision-making about long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among young sexual minority men 17–24 years old
Authors: John Steven A. , Zapata Juan P. , Dang Madeline , Pleuhs Benedikt , O’Neil Andrew , Hirshfield Sabina , Walsh Jennifer L. , Petroll Andrew E. , Quinn Katherine G.
Published: March 2023

Intramuscular cabotegravir for long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (i.e., LAI-PrEP) was approved by the U.S. FDA in 2021. We sought to explore LAI-PrEP decision-making among a nationwide sample of young sexual minority men (YSMM) 17–24 years old. In 2020, HIV-negative/unknown YSMM (n = 41) who met CDC criteria for PrEP were recruited online to participate in synchronous online focus groups eliciting preferences and opinions about LAI-PrEP, as well as the impact of a potential self-administered option. Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis with constant comparison. Preferences and decision-making about LAI-PrEP varied widely among YSMM, with participants frequently comparing LAI-PrEP to oral PrEP regimens. We identified five key themes related to LAI-PrEP decision-making including concerns about adherence to PrEP dosing and clinic appointments, awareness and knowledge of PrEP safety and efficacy data, comfort with needles, minimizing PrEP stigma, and considerations of self-administration. YSMM acknowledged more PrEP options as beneficial to supporting uptake and persistence.
Predicting the risk of inappropriate depth of endotracheal intubation in pediatric patients using machine learning approaches
Authors: Shim Jae-Geum , Lee Eun Kyung , Oh Eun Jung , Cho Eun-Ah , Park Jiyeon , Lee Jun-Ho , Ahn Jin Hee
Published: March 2023

Endotracheal tube (ET) misplacement is common in pediatric patients, which can lead to the serious complication. It would be helpful if there is an easy-to-use tool to predict the optimal ET depth considering in each patient’s characteristics. Therefore, we plan to develop a novel machine learning (ML) model to predict the appropriate ET depth in pediatric patients. This study retrospectively collected data from 1436 pediatric patients aged < 7 years who underwent chest x-ray examination in an intubated state. Patient data including age, sex, height weight, the internal diameter (ID) of the ET, and ET depth were collected from electronic medical records and chest x-ray. Among these, 1436 data were divided into training (70%, n = 1007) and testing (30%, n = 429) datasets. The training dataset was used to build the appropriate ET depth estimation model, while the test dataset was used to compare the model performance with the formula-based methods such as age-based method, height-based method and tube-ID method. The rate of inappropriate ET location was significantly lower in our ML model (17.9%) compared to formula-based methods (35.7%, 62.2%, and 46.6%). The relative risk [95% confidence interval, CI] of an inappropriate ET location compared to ML model in the age-based, height-based, and tube ID-based method were 1.99 [1.56–2.52], 3.47 [2.80–4.30], and 2.60 [2.07–3.26], respectively. In addition, compared to ML model, the relative risk of shallow intubation tended to be higher in the age-based method, whereas the risk of the deep or endobronchial intubation tended to be higher in the height-based and the tube ID-based method. The use of our ML model was able to predict optimal ET depth for pediatric patients only with basic patient information and reduce the risk of inappropriate ET placement. It will be helpful to clinicians unfamiliar with pediatric tracheal intubation to determine the appropriate ET depth.
Automated high-throughput image processing as part of the screening platform for personalized oncology
Authors: Schilling Marcel P. , El Khaled El Faraj Razan , Urrutia Gómez Joaquín Eduardo , Sonnentag Steffen J. , Wang Fei , Nestler Britta , Orian-Rousseau Véronique , Popova Anna A. , Levkin Pavel A. , Reischl Markus
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a devastating disease and the second leading cause of death worldwide. However, the development of resistance to current therapies is making cancer treatment more difficult. Combining the multi-omics data of individual tumors with information on their in-vitro Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Test (DSRT) can help to determine the appropriate therapy for each patient. Miniaturized high-throughput technologies, such as the droplet microarray, enable personalized oncology. We are developing a platform that incorporates DSRT profiling workflows from minute amounts of cellular material and reagents. Experimental results often rely on image-based readout techniques, where images are often constructed in grid-like structures with heterogeneous image processing targets. However, manual image analysis is time-consuming, not reproducible, and impossible for high-throughput experiments due to the amount of data generated. Therefore, automated image processing solutions are an essential component of a screening platform for personalized oncology. We present our comprehensive concept that considers assisted image annotation, algorithms for image processing of grid-like high-throughput experiments, and enhanced learning processes. In addition, the concept includes the deployment of processing pipelines. Details of the computation and implementation are presented. In particular, we outline solutions for linking automated image processing for personalized oncology with high-performance computing. Finally, we demonstrate the advantages of our proposal, using image data from heterogeneous practical experiments and challenges.
Seasonal variations in renal biopsy numbers and primary glomerular disease features based on the Japan renal biopsy registry
Authors: Kanzaki Go , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yokoo Takashi , Uesugi Noriko , Furuichi Kengo , Shimizu Akira , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Sato Hiroshi , Yokoyama Hitoshi ,   Committee for Renal Biopsy and Disease Registry of the Japanese Society of Nephrology, Sato Hiroshi , Shimizu Akira , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Kitamura Hiroshi , Katafuchi Ritsuko , Nishi Shinichi , Hattori Motoshi , Yamamoto Ryohei , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Ueda Yoshihiko , Nagata Michio , Makino Hirofumi , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Kagami Shoji
Published: March 2023

We analyzed the seasonal variations in the number of renal biopsies and clinical characteristics of primary glomerular disease in Japan using the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR). We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data of patients with primary glomerular disease who were registered in the J-RBR between 2007 and 2018. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis (PIAGN) constituted the four major glomerular disorders included in this study (total, 13,989; IgAN, 9121; MCNS, 2298; MN, 2447; and PIAGN, 123). The number of patients with IgAN or MCNS was higher during summer. However, no overt seasonal variations were observed in patients with MN or PIAGN. Subgroup analyses suggested that in the patients with IgAN, more renal biopsies of severe cases were performed during winter, probably owing to age and blood pressure. Furthermore, more renal biopsies of severe cases were performed during spring and winter in patients with MCNS even after adjusting for the abovementioned host factors. This study suggests that seasonal factors influence the decision to perform renal biopsy as well as the pathogenesis of primary glomerular disease. Thus, our findings may provide important insights regarding the pathophysiology of primary glomerular disease.
Modified extended object tracker for 2D lidar data using random matrix model
Authors: Li Peng , Chen Cheng , You Cong-zhe , Qiu Jun-da
Published: March 2023

The random matrix (RM) model is a typical extended object-modeling method that has been widely used in extended object tracking. However, existing RM-based filters usually assume that the measurements follow a Gaussian distribution, which may lead to a decrease in accuracy when the filter is applied to the lidar system. In this paper, a new observation model used to modify an RM smoother by considering the characteristics of 2D LiDAR data is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a better performance than the original RM tracker in a 2D lidar system.
Exploring the potential of late permian aggregate resources for utilization in engineering structures through geotechnical, geochemical and petrographic analyses
Authors: Hussain Javid , Zhang Jiaming , Iqbal Syed Muhammad , Hussain Jabir , Fitria Fitriani , Lina Xiao , Ali Nafees , Hussain Sartaj , Akram Waseem , Ali Mubasir
Published: March 2023

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is an ongoing mega-construction project in Pakistan that necessitates further exploration of new natural resources of aggregate to facilitate the extensive construction. Therefore, the Late Permian strata of Chhidru and Wargal Limestone for aggregates resources were envisaged to evaluate their optimal way of construction usage through detailed geotechnical, geochemical, and petrographic analyses. Geotechnical analysis was performed under BS and ASTM standards with the help of employing different laboratory tests. A simple regression analysis was employed to ascertain mutual correlations between physical parameters. Based on the petrographic analysis, the Wargal Limestone is classified into mudstones and wackestone, and Chhidru Formation is categorized into wackestone and floatstone microfacies, both containing primary constituents of calcite and bioclasts. The geochemical analysis revealed that the Wargal Limestone and Chhidru Formation encompass calcium oxide (CaO) as the dominant mineral content. These analyses also depicted that the Wargal Limestone aggregates bear no vulnerability to alkali-aggregate reactions (AAR), whereas the Chhidru Formation tends to be susceptible to AAR and deleterious. Moreover, the coefficient of determination and strength characteristics, for instance, unconfined compressive strength and point load test were found inversely associated with bioclast concentrations and directly linked to calcite contents. Based on the geotechnical, petrographic, and geochemical analyses, the Wargal Limestone proved to be a significant potential source for both small and large-scale construction projects, such as CPEC, but the Chhidru Formation aggregates should be used with extra caution due to high silica content.
A glucose tolerant β-glucosidase from a newly isolated Neofusicoccum parvum strain F7: production, purification, and characterization
Authors: Singh Nivisti , Sithole Bruce , Kumar Ajit , Govinden Roshini
Published: March 2023

Cellulase-producing microorganisms produce low titres of β-glucosidases with low tolerance to glucose. This study aimed to improve production, purify, and characterize a β-glucosidase from a newly isolated Neofusicoccum parvum strain F7. β-Glucosidase production was significantly enhanced by a sequential statistical modelling approach from 1.5-fold in Plackett–Burman design to 2.5 U/ml in the Box–Behnken design compared to the preliminary one variable at a time experiments (1.6 U/ml). The optimal conditions for enzyme production by BBD were 12 days of fermentation at 20 °C, 175 rpm, 0.5% glycerol and 1.5% casein in pH 6.0 buffer. Three β-glucosidase isoforms referred to as Bgl1, Bgl2, Bgl3 were purified and characterized from the optimized crude extract displaying IC50 values of 2.6, 22.6 and 319.5 mM for glucose, respectively. Bgl3 with a molecular mass of approximately 65 kDa demonstrated the highest tolerance to glucose among the isoforms. The optimum activity and stability for Bgl3 was observed at pH 4.0 in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer with 80% β-glucosidase residual activity retained for three hours. This isoform also retained 60% residual activity at 65 °C for one hour which was then reduced to 40% which remained stable for another 90 min. The β-glucosidase activity of Bgl3 was not enhanced after the addition of metal ions in assay buffers. The Km and vmax for 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside were 1.18 mM and 28.08 µmol/min, respectively indicating high affinity for the substrate. The ability to withstand the presence of glucose in conjunction with its thermophilic nature indicates promise for this enzyme in industrial application.
Tetralactam macrocycle based indicator displacement assay for colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode detection of urinary uric acid
Authors: Yao Huan , Li Shi-Yao , Zhang Hong , Pang Xin-Yu , Lu Jia-Le , Chen Cong , Jiang Wei , Yang Liu-Pan , Wang Li-Li
Published: March 2023

An indicator displacement assay for colorimetric/fluorometric dual-mode detection of urinary uric acid was constructed using a naphthalene-based tetralactam macrocycle and phenoxazine dye, resorufin, which realized the visual detection of uric acid levels of volunteers.
Significance of the surface silica/alumina ratio and surface termination on the immersion freezing of ZSM-5 zeolites
Authors: Marak Katherine E. , Nandy Lucy , Jain Divya , Freedman Miriam Arak
Published: March 2023

ZSM-5 zeolites have higher activity towards immersion freezing with higher Al content and with H+ rather than NH4+ termination.
About determining reliable etching rates and the role of temperature in kinetic experiments on acidic wet chemical etching of silicon
Authors: Rietig Anja , Langner Thomas , Acker Jörg
Published: March 2023

Factors affecting determined reaction rates are investigated and a method to calculate the time-depended turnover is presented. The activation energy as a function of q(HNO3,undiss) and the process enthalpy for acidic silicon etching are determined.
Functional chromopeptide nanoarchitectonics: molecular design, self-assembly and biological applications
Authors: Chang Rui , Zhao Luyang , Xing Ruirui , Li Junbai , Yan Xuehai
Published: March 2023

An overview of chromopeptide self-assembly is presented to systematically understand this kind of newly emerging peptide building block.
Polymerization in living organisms
Authors: Wu Dan , Lei Jiaqi , Zhang Zhankui , Huang Feihe , Buljan Marija , Yu Guocan
Published: March 2023

This review summarizes the progress of polymerization in living organisms. Based on different biological or cellular characteristics, versatile polymerization processes are designed and their corresponding therapeutic mechanisms are discussed.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant supramolecular ionic liquid gels from biopolymer mixtures
Authors: Marullo Salvatore , Gallo Giuseppe , Infurna Giulia , Dintcheva Nadka Tz. , D'Anna Francesca
Published: March 2023

In this work, we describe the preparation and characterization of supramolecular ionic liquid gels based on binary mixtures of biopolymers, comprising chitosan, chitin, cellulose and lignin.
A “one-step” approach to the highly efficient synthesis of lactide through the confinement catalysis of covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhao Jinyu , Guo Guangming , Wang Danbo , Liu Hui , Zhang Zhenxiu , Sun Lishui , Ding Naixiu , Li Zhibo , Zhao Yingjie
Published: March 2023

The precision confinement effect of the highly ordered channels with functional moieties in the designed 2D COFs realizes the highly efficient conversion from the lactide acid to the cyclic dimer lactide directly and avoids oligomerization.
Efficient oxyselenation and aminoselenation utilizing a selenenyl iodide based on the characteristic thermodynamics of its reaction with olefins
Authors: Kuwano Satoru , Takahashi Erika , Kikushima Jun , Sase Shohei , Goto Kei
Published: March 2023

Using an isolable selenenyl iodide, the characteristic thermodynamics of selenenyl iodide addition to olefins were elucidated and applied to develop the efficient selenofunctionalization of olefins with external oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles.
Green nanocomposite: fabrication, characterization, and photocatalytic application of vitamin C adduct-conjugated ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Kader Dana A. , Rashid Srood Omer , Omer Khalid M.
Published: March 2023

The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO NPs is dramatically improved through the conjugation with benign l-ascorbic acid adduct.
Post-synthetic linker installation: an unprecedented strategy to enhance iodine adsorption in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Li Zi-Jian , Ju Yu , Qiu Jie , Zhang Zhi-Hui , Zhang Linjuan , He Ming-Yang , Wang Jian-Qiang , Lin Jian
Published: March 2023

An unprecedented strategy to enhance iodine adsorption has been developed by post-synthetically installing electron-rich ligands into metal–organic frameworks.
Putting forward a Ni-metallosalphen-based porous organic polymer for detoxification of sulfur mustard gas simulant
Authors: Kalita Priyanka , Paul Ratul , Pao Chih-Wen , Chatterjee Rupak , Bhaumik Asim , Mondal John
Published: March 2023

We have explored a Friedel–Crafts alkylation strategy of a Ni-salphen complex from an isomer of biomass derived vanillin to construct a Ni-salphen based porous organic polymer (Ni@T-POP) for mustard gas detoxification.
Direct observation of crystal degradation behaviour in porous crystals under low-dose electron diffraction conditions
Authors: Sakamoto Hikaru , Ohtani Masataka
Published: March 2023

The quantification of electron beam damage in crystalline porous materials has been investigated under low-dose electron irradiation conditions.
Visible light-inducedgem-difluoroallylation of [1.1.1]propellane to accessgem-difluoroallylic bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes
Authors: Zhu Hui , Wu Shengxing , Zhu Bingbin , Li Jiacheng , Lan Deyou , Xu Wenhao , Xu Gongcheng , Zhu Yu , Yu Chuanming , Jiang Xinpeng
Published: March 2023

gem-Difluoroallylic bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes were synthesizedviavisible light-induced defluorinativegem-difluoroallylation of [1.1.1]propellane under mild conditions with good functional group tolerance.
CAl11−: a molecular rotor with a quasi-planar tetracoordinate carbon
Authors: Bai Li-Xia , Barroso Jorge , Orozco-Ic Mesías , Ortiz-Chi Filiberto , Guo Jin-Chang , Merino Gabriel
Published: March 2023

The global minimum of CAl11− is formed by two stacked layers, one of them resembles the well-known planar tetracoordinate carbon CAl4 on top of a hexagonal Al@Al6 wheel. The CAl4 fragment rotates freely around the central axis with a negligible barrier.
A bean sprout-like cobalt selenium phosphorus nanosheet-composed anode toward fast and high sodium-ion storage
Authors: Zhang Heng , Bai Youcun , Liu Jiawang , Li Juan , Zou Zhuo , Song Wenliang , Sun Wei , Li Chang Ming
Published: March 2023

This work vividly demonstrates the rational design of a coblat selenophosphide anode as an effective strategy to accomplish fast and high sodium-ion storage.
High-performance UV-activated room temperature NO2 sensors based on TiO2/In2O3 composite
Authors: Cai Zhicheng , Park Jiho , Jun Doyeon , Park Sunghoon
Published: March 2023

Synthesis of TiO2/In2O3 composite and application for NO2 gas detection at room temperature.
Polymorph prediction through observed structural isomorphism leading to a new crystalline form of cannabidiol
Authors: Straker Hannah E. , McMillan Lynn , Mardiana Lina , Hebberd Glen R. , Watson Elle , Waddell Paul G. , Probert Michael R. , Hall Michael J.
Published: March 2023

A new polymorph of cannabidiol (CBD, form 2), a bioactive phytocannabinoid, was discovered via high-throughput crystallisation. CBD form 2 fits within a series of crystal structures of CBD C-5′ homologues, forming a set of homologous isomorphs.
Controlling strong-field fragments of HD+ with a synthesized two-color laser pulse
Authors: Yao Hongbin , Cao Changhong , Sun Zhaopeng , Li Wenliang , Tao Yanhui , Dong Xiaohong , Wumaier Tuerdi
Published: March 2023

The dissociation and ionization fragments (H + D+, D + H+ and H+ + D+) of HD+ in a synthesized 790–395 nm laser pulse are controlled by regulating the relative phase and intensity between the two color components.
Laser-induced tuning of graphene field-effect transistors for pH sensing
Authors: Lampinen Aku , See Erich , Emelianov Aleksei , Myllyperkiö Pasi , Johansson Andreas , Pettersson Mika
Published: March 2023

A demonstration of a proof-of-concept application of a novel photo-chemical oxidation method of graphene. This fast, easy, and highly controllable method improves pH sensitivity via local functionalization.
Pattern formation and collective effects during the process of the motion of magnetic nanomotors in narrow channels
Authors: Kichatov Boris , Korshunov Alexey , Sudakov Vladimir , Gubernov Vladimir , Golubkov Alexandr , Kiverin Alexey , Nastulyavichus Alena , Kudryashov Sergey
Published: March 2023

Under certain conditions of inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, peculiar “thread-channels” are formed in the liquid along which nanomotors move.
Structure of choline chloride-carboxylic acid deep eutectic solvents by wide-angle X-ray scattering and DFT calculations
Authors: Chai Keke , Zhou Yongquan , Lu Xingmei , Yamaguchi Toshio , Ohara Koji , Liu Hongyan , Zhu Fayan
Published: March 2023

Choline possesses agaucheconfiguration in choline chloride-carboxylic acid DESs. DESs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds and carbon–hydrogen bonds. Cl− plays an important role in maintaining the structural stability of DESs.
A supported pyridylimine–cobalt catalyst for N-formylation of amines using CO2
Authors: Akhtar Naved , Chauhan Manav , Gupta Poorvi , Antil Neha , Manna Kuntal
Published: March 2023

A metal–organic framework supported single-site pyridylimine–cobalt species acts as a chemoselective and reusable catalyst for N-formylation of amines using CO2.
Development of a zinc(ii) 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complex with remarkable antitumor and antiangiogenic activities
Authors: Jiang Ming , Pang Jinhui , Jia Xiaoying , Chu Yong , Li Wenjuan , Liang Hong , Yang Feng
Published: March 2023

Zn(ii) compounds exhibit remarkable antitumor and antiangiogenic activities.
Very efficient organo-zinc scorpionates for CO2fixation into a variety of cyclic carbonates: synthesis, coordination ability and catalytic studies
Authors: Navarro Marta , Garcés Andrés , Sánchez-Barba Luis F. , González-Lizana David , Lara-Sánchez Agustín
Published: March 2023

A series of [ZnMe(κ3-NNN′)] complexes combined with TBAB/TBAC show excellent performance (TOF up to 260 h−1) as catalysts for CO2fixation into cyclic carbonates under mild, solvent-free conditions, with good functional group tolerance.
Group 11 complexes with a phosphanylphosphaalkene ligand: preparation and stability study
Authors: Ziółkowska A. , Szynkiewicz N. , Ryl J. , Ponikiewski Ł.
Published: March 2023

Reactions of phosphanylphosphaalkene (CP–P) with (tht)AuCl lead to monomeric complexes, while in reactions with CuCl and AgCl, dimeric complexes are afforded. All obtained complexes are air-stable and insensitive to UV-light.
Real-time visualisation of ion exchange in molecularly confined spaces where electric double layers overlap
Authors: Ramach Ulrich , Lee Jinhoon , Altmann Florian , Schussek Martin , Olgiati Matteo , Dziadkowiec Joanna , Mears Laura L. E. , Celebi Alper T. , Lee Dong Woog , Valtiner Markus
Published: March 2023

We explore in real-time transport of ionic species (LiClO4) confined between a negatively charged mica and an electrochemically modulated gold surface using Surface Force Apparatus, molecular dynamics simulations and continuum-based Stern model.
Predicting observable infrared signatures of nanosilicates in the diffuse interstellar medium
Authors: Zeegers Sascha T. , Guiu Joan Mariñoso , Kemper Francisca , Marshall Jonathan P. , Bromley Stefan T.
Published: March 2023

Silicates are the main constituent of interstellar dust. Direct observations of nanometre-sized silicate grains would provide a smoking gun for the occurrence of grain condensation in the diffuse interstellar medium.
In vitro comparison of whey protein isolate and hydrolysate for their effect on glucose homeostasis markers
Authors: Tenenbaum Mathie , Dugardin Camille , Moro Joanna , Auger Julie , Baniel Alain , Boulier Audrey , Ravallec Rozenn , Cudennec Benoit
Published: March 2023

Pre-hydrolysis of whey proteins modify the intestinal peptidome, leading to a greater GLP-1 secretion after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Digested whey protein hydrolysate inhibits DPP-IV activity after intestinal barrier passage.
Using earth abundant materials for long duration energy storage: electro-chemical and thermo-chemical cycling of bicarbonate/formate
Authors: Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Grubel Katarzyna , Kothandaraman Jotheeswari , Lopez-Ruiz Juan A. , Brooks Kriston P. , Bowden Mark E. , Autrey Tom
Published: March 2023

The HCO3−-HCO2− cycle, where aqueous solutions of formate salts are hydrogen and energy carriers, offers the opportunity of combining electrochemical and thermochemical operations, and of coupling CO2 capture with energy/hydrogen storage.
A strategy to increase rebaudioside A content based on one-step bioconversion of Stevia extract to steviol
Authors: Lin Yu , Wen Manman , Lan Qing , Yin Yu , Huang Ribo , Pang Hao , Wei Hang , Du Liqin
Published: March 2023

To improve the taste of Stevia extract, we developed an enzymatic technology to hydrolyze multiple steviol glycosides in Stevia extract to increase the relative content of rebaudioside A.
A general electron donor–acceptor complex enabled cascade cyclization of alkynes to access sulfur-containing heterocycles
Authors: Yang Wen-Chao , Sun Yu , Bao Xiao-Bo , Zhang Shu-Peng , Shen Liu-Yu
Published: March 2023

A general visible light-promoted and electron–donor–acceptor complex-enabled cascade reaction of alkynes to produce functionalized sulfur-containing heterocycles under photocatalyst-, base-, oxidant- and metal-free conditions was developed.
Surface modifications of COP-based microfluidic devices for improved immobilisation of hydrogel proteins: long-term 3D culture with contractile cell types and ischaemia model
Authors: González-Lana Sandra , Randelovic Teodora , Ciriza Jesús , López-Valdeolivas María , Monge Rosa , Sánchez-Somolinos Carlos , Ochoa Ignacio
Published: March 2023

Study explores COP-based microfluidic device surface modifications to maintain 3D cell culture, prevent hydrogel detachment and enable more accuratein vitromodels mimicking tumour microenvironment and ischaemia.
Continuous production of methyl acrylate and acrylic acid via co-activation reaction of aldehyde condensation and esterification catalyzed by siloxane-functionalized vanadium phosphorus oxide-TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Liu Jun , Yan Youjun , Lian Meng , Yang Yongqi , Du Hongchen , Liu Fangfang , Pan Rongkai , Feng Xinzhen , Ji Weijie
Published: March 2023

Continuous production of methyl acrylate and acrylic acid via the co-activation reaction of aldehyde condensation and esterification.
Design of BODIPY functional ZIF-90 towards enhanced visible-light driven antibacterial performance
Authors: Chen Dong-Mei , He Guang-Qi , Chen Qiu-Yun , Wang Gao-Ji , Chen Cheng , Dong Ying , Qu Ling-Ling
Published: March 2023

Light-activated nano-antibacterial agent (BODIPY-ZIF-90) shows excellent antibacterial activity.