bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Andronoid Cultures of the Upper Ob Region: A New Round of Discussion?
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, S. Tikhonov
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems of studying the cultures of the Late Bronze Age of the Upper Ob region using the example of the Tanai archaeological culture. It was singled out by I. V. Kovtun in 2016 on the peculiarities of ceramics of a small number of sites located presented by the scientist, it is still possible to speak only about the type of ceramics or the specifics of the ornamentation of dishes in the archaeological microdistrict. However, this does not mean that there is no need to talk about the cultural-chronological scale of the Late Bronze Age in the region under consideration. On the contrary, the activities of I.V. Kovtun stimulates the emergence of a new round in the study of andronoid and related archaeological cultures, to a more detailed study of the materials accumulated by scientists. Attention to this topic will potentially stimulate the development of general methodological problems in archaeological research. These include the issues of identifying an archaeological cult, determining the specifics of ceramics and signs of its types, dating of andronoid and related cultures, issues of the relationship of ancient people or identifying contacts in a homogeneous cultural environment. Keywords: Upper Ob region, tanaiskaia, korchazhkinskaia, elovkskaia archaeological cultures
Findings on Kupchegen-1 Settlement (Central Altai)
Authors:   Gorno-Altaisk State University, N. Konstantinov
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the chronological attribution of a complex of objects obtained during exploration work at the Kupchegen-1 settlement, located on the outskirts of the village of the same name in the Ongudai district of the Altai Republic. The settlement is located on a small site in a closed hollow, in the place of a seasonal watercourse. Due to this location, the cultural layer of the site is destroyed by a large gully, in which the locals collected lifting material in the form of fragments of ceramic vessels, iron products, animal bones and pieces of slag. In 2020, the ravine was cleaned up and additional material was obtained, allowing the dating of the main layer of the settlement. Based on the consideration of analogies of individual finds, in particular, an iron armor plate, a ceramic complex and a blank quiver loop, the materials of the settlement were tentatively dated to the 9th-13th centuries AD. It is possible that the materials received also contain a few items related to other periods. The studied complex can become a reference for the study of the settlements of the Turkic and pre-Mongol times of Altai. Keywords: settlement; Middle Ages; Turkic time; pre-Mongol time; ceramics; quiver; armor plate Acknowledgements: The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20–78–00035).
Metallurgical Slags and Ore Fragments from the Kamenny Ambar Bronze Age Settlement (Southern Urals): a Key to Knowledge of Copper Sources
Authors:   Institute of Mineralogy SU FRC MG UB RAS, M. Ankushev , V. Zaykov ,   Institute of Mineralogy SU FRC MG UB RAS, I. Molchanov ,   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS,, L. Koryakova ,   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS,, S. Panteleyeva ,   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS,, A. Yuminov ,   Institute of Mineralogy SU FRC MG UB RAS
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The paper presents the characteristics of metallurgical slags and copper ore fragments from the Kamenny Ambar settlement of the Bronze Age. According to the mineral and chemical compositions we have distinguished two types of the slags: Cr-rich spinel containing olivine slags and sulfide-containing olivine slags. The Cr-rich spinel containing olivine slags are the product of oxidized ore from the copper deposits in ultramafic rocks exploited in the early Sintashta-Petrovka period the settlement functioning. The sulfide-containing olivine slags are the result of the secondary sulfide ores from the massive-sulfide, and less likely copper porphyry deposits during the latter Srubnaya-Alakul period. A similar change in the copper ore raw material type was also recorded in other Bronze Age settlements in the Southern Urals. In the Kamenny Ambar settlement and analogs, we have defined the main indicating minerals which allow us to determine the source for the Cu raw metal in historical time: Cr-rich spinels, sulfides, and tourmalines. Keywords: metallurgical slags, Bronze Age, Kamenny Ambar, South Ural, copper ores, mineral inclusions Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation project No. 16–18– 10332‑P: analysis of slags and ores was carried out by M. N. Ankushev, V. V. Zaykov, A. M. Yuminov; the archaeological aspect of the work was analyzed by L. N. Koryakova, I. V. Molchanov (chronostratigraphic distribution of slags), S. E. Panteleeva (chronostratigraphic distribution of ceramics and ores). The authors are grateful to I. P. Alaeva, D. A. Artemyev, E. V. Belogub, A. V. Epimakhov, V. A. Kotlyarov, G. F. Lonschakova, M. S. Svirenko, L. G. Udachina. Filippova K. A., Khvorov P. V., Churin E. I., Sharapova S. V.
Traces of Wood and Bone Processing on the Volcanic Flint of the Dunda- Aga Paleovolcano: The Preliminary Experimental Data
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, P. Moroz
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The article is a description of an experiment on planing the raw and dry wood, as well as boiled bone, which was carried out by flakes from volcanic flint from the raw material source of the Dunda-Aga paleovolcano, located in the Aginsky Buryat district of the Transbaikal region. In its course, changes in the working edge of the tools were monitored using binocular and metallographic microscopes, as well as photographic recording of these results using digital cameras and Helicon Focus v. 5.3. During the experiment, it was possible to identify a tendency for the formation of macro and micro wear of the surface of the working edge of objects, depending on the material processed by planing. It was found that on volcanic flint, in places of the most intense contact with a hard surface to be treated, micropolishing in individual microsections is formed already within the first 30 minutes of operation. Then these areas expand and close along the length of the working edge. Over time, tools that work dry wood show a fine micro-polish line, while wet wood forms a more discontinuous line of different widths. Bone processing showed the strongest modification of the tool. After an hour of work, it became dull due to intense rounding, and after two hours it almost completely lost its effectiveness. The results of this experiment clarify the dynamics of the formation of macro and micro wear on tools made of volcanic flint when processing dry and damp wood, as well as bone. Keywords: microwear analysis, petroarcheology, the sources of raw materials, Stone Age, Transbaikalia, Dunda-Aga paleovolcano, volcanic flint Acknowledgements: The work was supported by a grant from the Transbaikal State University No. 292‑ГР.
Results of Geophysical Research at the Ust`-Biyke-I Site (in the Altai)
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, V. Olenchenko , S. Shnaider ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, P. Osipova ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, A. Kalganov ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, G. Markovsky ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, S. Alisher kyzy ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, T. Hermes ,   Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, A. Tishkin ,   Altai State University
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Ust’-Biyke-I may become one of the most important archaeological complexes in the northern Altai region. Previous research established that the site was first occupied in the developed Mesolithic. Traces of subsequent occupations up to the Bronze Age were later discovered, in addition to burial structures. A loss of archaeological deposits at the mouth of the Biyke River occurred due to natural and anthropogenic activity. In order to identify the most promising areas for future excavations, geophysical surveys of the site were conducted. An area of 31.5 x 24 m was examined with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Results revealed an object with a diameter of about 4 m that was not visible on the ground surface. In its center at a depth of 1.5 m, a local anomaly was observed. Another isometric anomaly was observed in the southwestern part at a depth of 0.75 m. Other anomalies were also noted in the surveyed area, some of which are visible in the modern terrain as small depressions. Future excavations will clarify the geophysical survey. Keywords: Altai, archaeological site, geophysical research, electrical resistivity tomography, groundpenetrating radar, settlement Acknowledgements: Geophysical study at the site was conducted with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project № 17–29–04122), archaeological work was carried out at the expense of the project NGS-67706R-20.
Results of Archaeо- and Ethnozoological Research on the Settlement of the Late Bronze Age Chernorech’e-2
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, A. Rassadnikov
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The work is devoted to the analysis of archaeozoological and ethnozoological materials, which are represented by the settlement of Chernorechye-2 and modern animal husbandry in the valley of the Uy river. The main period of the settlement’s functioning is associated with the Alakul culture of the Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals (the 17th — 15th centuries BC). The aim of the article is to reconstruct various aspects of animal husbandry based on the analysis of the bones of livestock and data obtained while studying the section of the river valley adjacent to the site. The bones from the Chernorechye-2 settlement of were analyzed using standard and generally accepted archaeozoological methods. Analysis of the archaeozoological collection made it possible to reconstruct the cattle-breeding character of the settlement throughout its entire existence. The inhabitants of the site comprehensively exploited cattle, sheep, goats and horses. Paleopathological analysis revealed no basis for reconstructing the working use of bulls and horses. Joint analysis of archaeozoological and ethnozoological data allows us to propose a settled model form of pastoralism as the highest priority for the Chernorechye-2 settlement. Part of the area of the settlement buildings could be used as a stall for livestock. Keywords: South Urals, Late Bronze Age, Alakul culture, pastoralism, paleopathology, osteochondrosis, osteophagia, cattle, caprines, horse Acknowledgements: Excavations of the settlement were carried out within the framework of the international project Wenner Gren Anthropological Foundation “Uy River Valley Communities of Practice Project” No. 9542. I would like to express my gratitude to the team of archaeologists of the UC for the Study of the Problems of Nature and Man of Chelyabinsk State University for the opportunity to work with materials and study the valley of the Uy River. I would also like to express thanks to Christina I. Barrón-Ortiz, Deb Bennett and William Taylor, and other members of the ZOOARCH community for advice on the horse bones and the literature provided. Special thanks to the reviewers of the article whose comments allowed us to improve the work.
The Social Structure of the Population of the Tomsk Ob Region in the High Middle Ages (Based on Materials from Burial Grounds)
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, L. Pletneva
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This paper is aimed at reconstructing the social structure of the population of the Tomsk Ob Region in the High Middle Ages. The source base is made up of materials from archaeological excavations of three burial grounds: Astrakhantsevsky burial mound, Basandaysky burial mound, and the burial ground at the mouth of the Malaya Kirgiska River. The composition of grave goods (in terms of quantity and quantity) and a burial structure served as criteria for the analysis. 212 graves of adults and children have been selected. As a result of the analysis, we have identified five adult groups and three children’s groups. The adult groups are as follows. Representatives of group I had the most complete set of weapons: sabers, spears, bows and arrows. Only this group of warriors had a protective suite of armour. There were horses in some graves. We identified one grave of this group in the Astrakhantsevsky burial mound, two in Basandaysky burial mound, and seven in the burial ground at the mouth of the Malaya Kirgiska River. Group II includes graves with rich goods, such as jewelry made of precious metals, precious and semiprecious stones. There are also fragments of silk. There are graves with weapons, horses or their ammunition. Group III is divided into two subgroups: III/1 — cavalry warriors, professionals; III/2 — infantry warriors, hunters and other groups of the population. Group IV includes poorer segments of the population, with a small set of household goods. Group V includes graves without goods. The children’s groups include: I — with rich goods, II — with scarce goods, III — without goods. Attention should be paid to the following circumstances: in several cases we identified persons buried in a mound as relatives or members of the same family. There are interesting observations concerning the location of mirrors. They were found in adult groups I, II, III, IV and children’s group I, II. However, no special group of people authorized to perform religious rituals was identified. This situation is likely to reflect the social reality of that period in the Tomsk Ob Region. The identified adult groups represent the social structure: group I — representatives of local military and administrative authorities; group II — rich people, group III — cavalry warriors, power base (together with representatives of group I, they are likely to constitute the military elite); group III/2 — militia in wartime and hunters, fishermen or herders in peacetime; group IV — poorer segments of the local population, small in size; group V — people without goods, the poor, possibly dependent people. Among children, group I (children of wealthy parents) and group II (children of low-income parents) stand out. As for children without goods, it is quite difficult to explain reasons for such burials. Keywords: Tomsk Ob region, High Middle Ages, archaeology, burial ground, social structure, elite, power
Petroglyphes of the Early Medieval Age in the Territory of Mongolia: the Main Stages And Results of Research
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, A. Mukhareva A. N.,. , N. Seregin ,   Altai State University
Published: July 2021

the territory of Mongolia. The process of accumulation and diverse interpretation of information about rock paintings, as well as images on “memorial” objects dating back to the second half of the 1st millennium AD is characterized. The analysis of the main results of the study of the petroglyphs of the early medieval nomads of the region allowed the authors to identify several key stages in the history of their study. The first stage, within which the initial formation of the source base took place, is associated with the discovery and fixation at the end of the 19th century of stylized images of goats, carried out as a rule in the study of epigraphic sites. The beginning of the second stage coincides with the large-scale archaeological research that took place in Mongolia in the middle of the 20th century. The third stage, which began in the mid-1970s, marked the expansion of scientists’ ideas about the rock art of the population of Mongolia in the second half of the 1st millennium AD, as well as the identification of various pictorial layers in it. Within the framework of the modern period (since the mid-1990s), approaches to the study of early medieval petroglyphs are being improved, new sites are being discovered, as well as a more detailed study of already known complexes. The article contains images recorded during the field research of the authors as part of the Buyant Russian-Mongolian archaeological expedition. Keywords: Mongolia, petroglyphs, early Middle Ages, history of research, periodization Acknowledgements: The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Ministry of Culture, Education, Science and Sports of Mongolia in the framework of the scientific project No. 19–59–44013 “Historical, Cultural and Ethnogenetic Processes in Mongolia during the Great Migration and the Early Middle Ages: an Interdisciplinary Analysis of Archaeological and Written Sources”.
The Finds from Mezhegey Settlement (Republic of Tyva), Stored in the State Hermitage
Authors:   State Hermitage, Yu. Elikhina
Published: July 2021

The article describes a small collection of finds from the Mezhegei settlement with the total of 105 items which were included in the collection of the State Hermitage in 1987. The artifacts were discovered by the Tuvan archaeological expedition of Moscow State University under the leadership of L. R. Kyzlasov in 1960. The excavations showed that the buildings of the settlement were constructed in the architectural traditions of the 11th — 13th centuries. Local builders used a frame, the foundations were made of large adobe bricks, the dwellings were heated with kangs, massive bases for columns were preserved, the roof was tiled, there were many bas-reliefs to decorate the walls and the ridge of the roof. The settlement was the remains of a Mongolian city founded in the first half of the 13th century with the area of about twenty-five hectares. There were many buildings in the city, the remains of a rampart and other structures have been preserved. The finds, according to the inventories, come from a Buddhist temple and stupa. These are mainly architectural decorations, tiles and gray clay ceramics. The article describes five findings from the Mezhegey Settlement. Keywords: Mezhegey settlement, archaeology, tiles, architectural fragments
Multidetector CT Angiography for Pre-Operative Evaluation of Living Renal Donors - An Observational Study at IGIMS, Patna
Authors: Kumari Manisha
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND We wanted to assess the renal abnormalities including parenchymal, arterial, venous and collecting systems that preclude renal donation or altered surgical approach on the basis of CT angiography. METHODS This is a hospital based retrospective observational study. 55 donors (110 kidneys) had undergone preoperative CT renal angiography. The data were collected from last 3 years (December 2016 - December 2019) and analyzed. Two different radiologists interpreted the results unaware of the findings of each other. Final report depended upon the common consensus of both the radiologists. RESULTS The percentage of multiple renal arteries, early branching of renal artery and retrocaval right renal artery were 30 %, 5.45 % and 3.64 % respectively. The percentage of multiple renal veins, circumaortic renal vein and retroaortic renal veins were 7.27 %, 5.45 % and 1.82 % respectively. The late confluence of renal vein (left side) was found in 1 donor. Renal parenchymal abnormalities were detected in the form of simple cortical cysts and renal calculus. No variation or abnormality was detected in the collecting system. CONCLUSIONS Multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography provides an accurate and reliable tool to evaluate the renal parenchyma, collecting system, vascular anatomy and their variations in the living renal donor. It guides the surgeon immensely in decision making regarding proper donor selection and as to which kidney should be harvested. KEY WORDS MDCT Angiography, Renal Vessels, Anatomic Variations, Living Renal Donor
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies as a Marker of Iodine Status in Healthy Euthyroid Women in First Trimester of Pregnancy Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Raipur, India
Authors: Nanda Rachita , Patel Suprava , Nayak Prasant Kumar , Mohapatra Eli , Agrawal Sarita
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND The importance of adequate iodine status in pregnancy is undoubted as its deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother as well as the foetus and neonate. Although median urine iodine concentration can assess iodine status of the population but not at an individual level. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of iodine and identify its effects on thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS The study was carried out on 341 euthyroid healthy pregnant women using urine iodine concentration and other parameters of thyroid panel at a tertiary care hospital. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) urine iodine concentration and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were 227.37 (161.7, 343.86) μg / L and 1.8 (1.1, 2.7) mIU / L respectively and Mean ± SD of free thyroxine and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were 14.53 ± 2.02 pmol / L and 38.23 ± 9.29 kIU / L respectively. Only thyroid peroxidase antibodies showed significant difference across groups with different iodine status. A positive correlation of urine iodine concentration (UIC) with thyroid peroxidase antibodies was observed (r = 0.137, P = 0.011). Multiple regression analysis revealed that thyroid peroxidase antibodies can serve as an independent predictor of iodine status in the presence of normal levels of TSH and FT4 (t - 3.063, CI; 0.880, 4.038, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Thyroid peroxidase antibodies progressed positively with increase in urine iodine concentration indicating its role as a marker of iodine nutritional status and for early identification of women who can develop autoimmune thyroiditis resulting in hypothyroidism even prior to elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone levels. KEY WORDS Anti-TPO Ab, Free Thyroxine, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Urine Iodine Concentration
Comparative Study of Preoperative Radiological Findings with Intraoperative Surgical Findings in Squamosal Type of Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Pradeep Sanjana , Dev Swaroop , Raju Jyothi Swarup , Pasunuti Shravya
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic otitis media (COM) of squamosal type is associated with cholestatoma with potential complications. Clinical examination and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans are necessary to assess the disease site and extension. The purpose of the study was to compare the preoperative HRCT findings with the intraoperative surgical findings in squamosal type of chronic otitis media as well as various parameters in HRCT temporal bone and intraoperative findings. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 30 patients aged between 18 and 60 years of both the genders who presented with chronic otitis media squamosal type, for a period of 22 months who attended the outpatient department of ENT. RESULTS HRCT findings and intraoperative findings were compared and results were analysed. Facial canal erosion (P - 0.0031), tegmen plate erosion (P - 0.0001), sigmoid sinus plate erosion (P - 0.002) were found to be statistically significant. Lateral semicircular canal fistula (P - 0.36) and ossicular status malleus (P - 1.000), incus (P - 0.949), stapes suprastructure (P - 0.984), and stapes footplate erosion (P - 0.977) were found to be statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS In our study, HRCT imaging for COM squamosal type, accurately depicted the soft tissue mass, erosion of tegmen plate, sigmoid sinus plate, scutum, lateral semicircular canal fistula, incus and suprastructure of stapes erosion and the same were found intraoperatively as well. Our study showed good comparison between the preoperative HRCT scans and the surgical findings in cholesteatoma cases. HRCT is confirmed to be valuable in the diagnosis and in guiding the surgical management of cholesteatoma. KEY WORDS Chronic Otitis Media, Cholesteatoma, HRCT Temporal Bone, Modified Radical Mastoidectomy
Assessment of Cystatin C and Microalbumin as Biomarkers for Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yadav Bhuneshwar , K.N Shashidhar , A Raveesha , C. Muninarayana
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Increased levels of urinary biomarkers can be detected in type 2 diabetic patients before the onset of significant albuminuria and may be used as an early marker of renal injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) which would play a significant role for the effective management and treatment approaches in diabetic care. We wanted to evaluate cystatin C and microalbumin as effective early biomarkers in assessing nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 subjects grouped into healthy controls, clinically proven T2DM without nephropathy and type 2 DM with nephropathy comprising 60 participants in each group. Fasting and postprandial blood samples and urine samples were collected and analysed by standard methods. eGFR was calculated using CKD-EPI 2012 equation. IBM - SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Diabetic nephropathy patients had significantly elevated serum cystatin C and microalbumin (2.43 ± 0.59, 700.5 ± 591.8 mg / L, respectively), compared to T2DM (0.98 ± 0.26, 63.7 ± 102.9 mg / L, respectively), and the control study subjects (0.81 ± 0.16, 11.15 ± 8.9 mg / L, respectively). Serum cystatin C showed AUC of 0.994 (95 % CI, 0.986 - 1.00) whereas microalbumin showed 0.944 (95 % CI, 0.907 - 0.981). Serum cystatin C showed a sensitivity of 96.7 % and a specificity of 91.7 % at a cutoff point of 1.34 mg / L whereas at a cut-off point of 138.5 mg / L for microalbumin, the sensitivity and specificity were 90 % and 83.3 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum cystatin C and microalbumin both could be considered as markers for early detection of nephropathy in T2DM patients. The more prominent rise in serum cystatin C values provide an earlier diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy among T2DM patients. KEY WORDS Biomarker, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cystatin C, Diabetic Nephropathy, Microalbumin
Comparison between Dual Layer Intraperitoneal Mesh and Single Layer Mesh for Laparoscopic Ventral and Incisional Hernia Repair
Authors: Akhil Avirneni , Yogish Vikram , Sivarajan N. , Grover Himanshi , Wasim Mohammad , Kamalakhannan C. , Rahman Abdul
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a variety of forms. The abdomen, specifically the groin, is most frequently involved. Incisional hernias and other ventral hernias are common surgical problems. A prosthetic mesh should always be used in ventral hernia repair (VHR). Now, the polypropylene mesh (PPM) has become the prosthetic mesh of choice in the repair of hernias, including inguinal hernia. Newer meshes are introduced, claiming lesser complication rate, but are invariably costlier than Polypropylene mesh (PPM) by 15 – 20 times. In this study we wanted to evaluate the outcomes of intraperitoneal monofilament and dual layer meshes in laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair. METHODS This is a prospective observational study, with a minimum 30 cases for each type of mesh used. All those patients who had undergone ventral and incisional hernia laparoscopic repair at SRM General Hospital, Chennai between June 2018 and 2021 were included in the study. Data was entered in Microsoft excel for analysis, done by using SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Out of 86 hernias which were repaired laparoscopically, PPM was used in 34 (40 %) and composite meshes in 52 (60 %) cases. Out of 52 composite meshes, 11 cases (21.2 %) turned out with complications whereas out of 34 PPMs (11.8 %), 4 cases turned out with complications. CONCLUSIONS With the composite mesh, complications of intraperitoneal PPM (adhesions, inflammation, intestinal fistulisation, sinus formation, seroma and recurrence) may also occur. The difference between the meshes in the occurrence of these complications is not statistically important. KEY WORDS Hernia, Mesh, Surgery, Intraperitoneal Mesh, Laparoscopic Hernia Repair
A Study on Association between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jayachandra Jayachandra , K.N Sree Raksha , Desai Rakshit R. , V Chetan , Chandrashekar Arjun P.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is seen worldwide and is the most common liver disorder in industrialized countries. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severest form of NAFLD and is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Human neutrophil peptides have the ability to enhance hepatic fibrosis. We wanted to study the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among 50 cases and 50 controls attending the hospital attached to BMCRI. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was calculated and compared between cases and controls. RESULTS Our study results showed that 7 patients had grade 1, 19 had grade 2, 24 had grade 3 hepatic steatosis and 13 patients had fibrosis. The mean neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in cases than controls (3.6 +/- 1.83 and 1.72 +/- 0.57, P - 0.00). However, there was no statistical significance (F: 2.06, P value: 0.14) in the utility of NLR in detecting higher grades of steatosis (grade 1:2.41 +/- 0.76, grade 2:4.01 +/- 2.46, grade 3:3.62 +/- 1.3). The mean NLR was significantly higher (P - 0.001) in patients with fibrosis (3.72 +/- 2.1) compared with controls (1.46 +/- 051). CONCLUSIONS The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio can be used to detect the presence of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD but cannot be used to predict the presence of higher grades of hepatic steatosis. KEY WORDS Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Fibrosis, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio
A Study of Determinants of Obesity - Is Skipping Breakfast Meal a Risk Factor?
Authors: Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana , Kamble Bhushan Dattatray , T.K. Raja , Liaquathali Fasna , Saha Ria , Singh Sunil Kumar , Acharya Bhabani Prasad
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Breakfast is an important meal since it refuels the body after long night fasting. Regular intake of breakfast must have favourable supply of both micronutrients and macronutrients to maintain a body mass index (BMI) in the normal range. Despite its importance, the rate of skipping breakfast is observed to be alarmingly increasing among medical students. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to understand the dietary patterns, and physical activity level, and analyse the association of skipping breakfast with obesity among medical students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 medical undergraduate students aged between 18 and 23 years in a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2019 to October 2019. A pretested, semi-structured, validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the profile, physical activity, food consumption pattern, and perception about the importance of breakfast meal. Regression analysis was done. Odds ratio was calculated. RESULTS About 23.6 % and 27 % of the study participants were found to be overweight and obese respectively. Only 51.1 % of study participants were involved in physical activity. 17.2 % of medical students skipped their breakfast regularly and 71.6 % were aware that skipping breakfast would affect work efficacy and span of concentration. Age group of 22 – 23 years (OR: 19.5, 95 % CI; 2.08, 183.70) was significantly associated with obesity. Skipping breakfast (OR, 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.23, 0.90) was not found to be associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that more than one fourth participants were obese and one third were skipping breakfast daily or more than thrice a week. There was no association between obesity and skipping of breakfast meal. However, the importance of breakfast meal in a day cannot be ignored. Awareness programs to practice healthy eating habits might help in prevention of obesity and overweight among students. KEY WORDS Breakfast, Exercise, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Students, Medical
Interactions of Combined Haplotypes of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase on Clinical Events in Children with Sickle Cell Disorder
Authors: Patel Suprava , Nanda Rachita , Hussain Nighat , Mohapatra Eli , Patra Pradeep Kumar
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C variants are considered as potential genetic risk factors for vaso-occlusive complications in sickle cell disorder (SCD). The purpose of the study was to determine the interaction of the combined haplotypes on the clinical presentations in children with sickle cell disorder. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 children, confirmed for sickle cell disorder. Clinical details and frequencies of clinical episodes in the past one year were noted and a severity index number was allotted to each child and evaluated for their relationship with the combined haplotypes of C677T and A1298C single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped by real-time PCR. RESULTS The frequency for 677T / 1298A haplotype was 46.4 % and that of 677C / 1298C was 12.4 %. The three variant combined haplotypes had higher plasma homocysteine values than the wild 677C / 1298A haplotypes (P < 0.001). Clinical events like vasoocclusive crisis (VOC), homocysteinemia, hospitalization frequency and SI were found significantly related among the children in sickle cell trait (SCT) group (P < 0.001) but not so in SCD group. Chances for anemia was 1.93 times more in presence of dual variant alleles (95 %CI: 0.95 to 3.92, P = 0.07) in SCT. The 677T / 1298C haplotype accounted for higher SI was 7.85 times more than the wild haplotypic children even in SCT children and 1.67 times in SCD children. CONCLUSIONS Presence of the variant haplotypes had significant implication on crisis events in children with sickle cell trait and make them more prone for the clinical severity. A preliminary allelic screening might be helpful in them. KEY WORDS Dual Variant Alleles, Heterozygous, Homozygous, MTHFR, Variant Haplotypes
Has Ayushman Bharat Dwindled the Out-of-Pocket Expenditure?
Authors: Bala Renu , Kumar Manoj , Kaveri Krishna K. , Devi Chanam Sonia
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND The Ayushman Bharat scheme claimed to cover all pre-existing ailments and 1,350 medical packages covering day care treatments, medicine, diagnosis, and surgery. We wanted to address the research question of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana viability in depleting pocket expenses in a rustic terrain of Haryana. METHODS The data of 114 policyholders had been collected through a questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique in the Sirsi and Madanpur village of Haryana. The respondents were asked questions and their responses were recorded in the questionnaires accordingly. All respondents were from the rustic territory of the Karnal district. The collected data was analysed with the usage of descriptive statistics. RESULTS The respondents (18.4 percent) who had sickness, paid for their treatment from their own pockets instead of getting it done under the scheme. The scheme claimed that no empanelled hospital turned-down treatment. Survey acknowledged that private hospitals asked for valid cards of some respondents (8.8 percent). Some family member names were left out from the card, mainly kids under the age of 5 - years. Some respondents were having trouble in getting the card and found no offline application centre for applying. CONCLUSIONS The survey concluded that no policyholder had acknowledged any medical benefits from the scheme. The need is to create more awareness in the families of ailments and remove the hitch in getting the card. Each ailment (from little to fatal) needs to secure to utilize the stipulated claim. KEY WORDS Ayushman Bharat, Government-Funded Health Insurance Scheme, Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica, against Target Pathogens and Its Utility as a Disinfectant and Floor Cleaner
Authors: Ali Khan Mohsin , Yaqoob Shadma , Ahmad Sharique
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, neem tree or Indian lilac, Limbo, Nim, Nimba, Medusa and Vempu. It is typically grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Neem belongs to family meliaceae. Neem is a native tree of India. It is also called “village pharmacy of south Asia” (India) because of its enormous medicinal properties and people use it most of the time without knowing its multiple advantages. This study was done to know the efficacy of medicinal plant named Azadirachta indica (Neem) against pathogenic microorganisms and about its utility as disinfectant and floor cleaner. METHODS Agar well diffusion method, Culture plate method, inoculum preparation & its subculture methods were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the neem leaf extract. Different concentrations of neem leaf extracts in culture plates were used for the study. In this method inhibited zones were measured. RESULTS Neem leaf extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against four target pathogens. In agar well diffusion method it showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of inhibition was increased as the concentration of the neem extract in agar media increased and was maximum for Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS The extract of A. indica, has antimicrobial activity against target pathogens Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and E.coli. With the old medicinal knowledge on neem, better economic and therapeutic utilization can be done by using modern approaches of drug development. KEY WORDS Neem Leaf extract, Antimicrobial Activity, Agar Well Diffusion Test, Zone of Inhibition
Risk Factors of Hyperbilirubinemia - A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Rural Central India
Authors: Selvam Sinduja , Taksande Amar
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common cause of hospital readmission in neonates affecting about 60 % of term and 85 % of preterm neonates. Often, it is a benign condition but may result in neurological sequelae like bilirubin induced encephalopathy and kernicterus spectrum of disorders. We wanted to evaluate the foetal and maternal risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia and also identify the modifiable risk factors of it in neonates. METHODS An observational case - control study was carried out from July 2018 to July 2020. Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia levels in the range of phototherapy as described by the age and gestation by the American Academy of Paediatrics were taken as cases and neonates without hyperbilirubinemia were taken as controls. Detailed demographic-, prenatal-, perinatal-, family-history and physical-examination was undertaken for all the neonates included in the study and various risk factors were assessed such as the presence of maternal illness, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), prematurity, ABO and Rh incompatibility, previous history of phototherapy in siblings, breast feeding problems and birth asphyxia. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression studies of data collected has shown a significant association between IUGR (P value 0.01), prematurity (P value 0.002), ABO incompatibility (P value 0.009), breast feeding problems (P value 0.001), birth asphyxia (P value 0.05) and presence of PROM (P value 0.05) with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and prompt intervention reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with this common condition. KEY WORDS Jaundice of Neonate, Neonatal Jaundice, Icterus Neonatorum
Evaluation and Comparison of Different Palatal Rugae Patterns between Dentulous and Edentulous Population of Mysuru City – A Preliminary Forensic Survey
Authors: Almasudi Rabia , Somashekarachar Ganesh , Doggalli Nagabhushana , Iyer Meenakshi Srinivasa , Srinivas Sowmya , Aradhya Anupama
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry which deals with appropriate handling and examination of dental evidences and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the interest of justice. Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social and legal reasons. Palatal rugae are permanent and unique to each person, and can be used by clinicians and scientists to establish identity. It can be of special interest in edentulous cases and also in certain conditions, such as burned bodies or bodies that underwent severe decomposition. Thus the uniqueness, postmortem resistance, overall stability and additionally low utilization cost makes palatal rugae ideal forensic identification parameters. We wanted to compare the various palatal rugae patterns between dentate and edentulous subjects and also determine the comparison of the distribution of rugae number, length, shape, direction, unification between dentate and edentulous subjects. METHODS The study sample consisted of 60 subjects, 30 dentulous and 30 edentulous from JSS Dental College & Hospital, Mysuru. The study group was equally divided between the sex, and was observed for number, length, shape, direction and unification of all palatal rugae. RESULTS The total number of rugae was higher in the dentulous group than in the edentulous group. In edentulous group, shorter lengths, lesser complexity rugae were seen compared to dentulous subjects. The total number of rugae on the right side in dentulous casts were 4.20 ± 1.06, while the total number on right side in Edentulous casts were 4.16 ± 0.79. On the left side mean total number of rugae in dentulous casts was 4.46 ± 0.79 whereas the mean total number of rugae in edentulous casts was 3.76 ± 0.77. CONCLUSIONS Palatal rugae pattern changed greatly after aging and loss of teeth regardless of time of edentulism and wearing denture. KEY WORDS Dentulous, Edentulous, Palatal Rugae, Forensic Identification
Analisis Pengelolaan Laboratorium IPA SMP Negeri 1 Sukodono Lumajang
Authors: Rifa'i Mochammad Ricky , Febriana Nur Intan , Azizah Fitri Ayu Nur , Salma Fira Fairuz , Mohammad Wildan Habibi
Published: July 2021

Learning Science does not only require students to be proficient in theory, but also put the theory that has been learned into practice. One of the facilities or places to carry out a practicum activity is a laboratory. In laboratory procurement, of course, there are elements of laboratory management and management that can show and provide an overview of activities related to the laboratory, so that in this case all activities will be more structured and laboratory use will run smoothly. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the laboratory management at SMP Negeri 1 Sukodono Lumajang. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection in the form of interviews and documentation. The results showed that the school had 2 laboratories that were close to each other, supported by complete tools and materials, flexible laboratory usage schedules, the source of funds came from BOS funds, there was an SOP. However, management is considered to be less than optimal, due to the absence of laboratory assistants and technicians in managing the laboratory, thus making science teachers all concurrent. The expectations of students and teachers in laboratory management are even better in terms of management and maintenance so that practicum activities will run effectively and efficiently.

Abstrak: Pembelajaran IPA tidak hanya mewajibkan siswa untuk mahir dalam teori, tetapi juga untuk mempraktikkan teori yang telah dipelajari. Salah satu fasilitas atau tempat untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan praktikum yaitu laboratorium. Dalam pengadaan laboratorium pastinya ada unsur pengelolaan dan manajemen laboratorium yang dapat menunjukkan dan memberikan suatu gambaran kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan laboratorium, sehingga dalam hal ini semua  kegiatan akan lebih terstuktrur dan penggunaan laboratorium akan berjalan dengan lancar. Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu untuk memahami bagaimana pengelolaan laboratorium di SMP Negeri 1 Sukodono Lumajang. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian deksriptif kualitiatif dengan pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah tesebut memiliki 2 laboratorium yang saling berdekatan, didukung dengan alat dan bahan yang lengkap, jadwal pemakaian laboratorium yang fleksibel, sumber dana berasal dari dana BOS, terdapat SOP. Namun pengelolaan dinilai kurang maksimal, dikarenakan tidak adanya laboran dan teknisi dalam mengelola laboratorium, sehingga membuat guru IPA merangkap semuanya. Harapan dari siswa dan guru dalam pengelolaan laboratorium lebih baik lagi dalam hal pengelolaan dan perawatannya, sehingga kegiatan praktikum akan berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien.
Peran Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Sistem Reproduksi
Authors: Billik Agsen Hosanty Susana
Published: July 2021

Biology learning is designed to provide opportunities for students to be able to solve problems in everyday life. Therefore, a learning model is needed that can construct students' knowledge in order to be able to solve problems. This study aims to examine the effect of the Problem-based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by audio-visual media on the problem-solving ability of the reproductive system material at Efata Soe High School. This research is an experimental research design (Quasi-Experimental Non-equivalent control design) with pre-test and post-test patterns. The sampling technique used was random sampling involving classes X1 and X2 as the experimental class 1, 2, and class X3 as the control class. The results of the Posthoc test with LSD found that the problem-solving ability of the audio-visual-assisted PBL experimental class and the PBL class with practicum had a sig value, 0.000> 0.05 with the conclusion that the two classes' solving abilities were not different. Meanwhile, the problem-solving ability of the experimental class 1, 2 with the control class has a sig value. 0.840 <0.05, so it can be concluded that the problem-solving abilities of the experimental class and the control class are different, this is supported by the Difference post-test scores in three classes, namely in the experimental class 1 and 2 with a value of 82.3 and 81.4 while in the control class with a value of 65.97.

Abstrak: Pembelajaran biologi dirancang untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mampu memecahkan masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. oleh karena itu dibutuhkan model pembelajaran yang dapat menkonstruksikan pengetahuan siswa agar mampu memecahkan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem-based Learning (PBL) berbantuan media audio visual terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada materi sistem reproduksi di SMA Efata Soe. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen rancangan (Quasi Experimental Non-equivalent control design) dengan pola Pre-test dan Post-test. Teknik Pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling yang melibatkan kelas X1 dan X2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1, 2 dan kelas X3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil uji Posthoc dengan LSD ditemukan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah kelas experimen PBL berbantuan audio visual dan kelas PBL dengan praktikum memiliki nilai sig, 0,000>0,05 dengan kesimpulan kemampuan pemecahan kedua kelas tersebut tidak berbeda. Sedangkan, kemampuan pemecahan masalah kelas experiment 1, 2 dengan kelas kontrol  mempunyai nilai sig. 0,840<0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah kelas experiment dan kelas kontrol berbeda  hal ini didukung dengan nilai post-test pada ke tiga kelas tersebut berbeda yaitu pada kelas eksperimen 1 dan 2 dengan nilai 82,3 dan 81,4 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol dengan nilai 65,97.