bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projections of leaf area index in earth system models
Authors: Mahowald Natalie , Lo Fiona , Zheng Yun , Harrison Laura , Funk Chris , Lombardozzi Danica , Goodale Christine
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The area of leaves in the plant canopy, measured as leaf area index (LAI), modulates key land–atmosphere interactions, including the exchange of energy, moisture, carbon dioxide (CO2), and other trace gases and aerosols, and is therefore an essential variable in predicting terrestrial carbon, water, and energy fluxes. Here our goal is to characterize the LAI projections from the latest generation of earth system models (ESMs) for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios. On average, the models project increases in LAI in both RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 over most of the globe, but also show decreases in some parts of the tropics. Because of projected increases in variability, there are also more frequent periods of low LAI across broad regions of the tropics. Projections of LAI changes varied greatly among models: some models project very modest changes, while others project large changes, usually increases. Modeled LAI typically increases with modeled warming in the high latitudes, but often decreases with increasing local warming in the tropics. The models with the most skill in simulating current LAI in the tropics relative to satellite observations tend to project smaller increases in LAI in the tropics in the future compared to the average of all the models. Using LAI projections to identify regions that may be vulnerable to climate change presents a slightly different picture than using precipitation projections, suggesting LAI may be an additional useful tool for understanding climate change impacts. Going forward, users of LAI projections from the CMIP5 ESMs evaluated here should be aware that model outputs do not exhibit clear-cut relationships to vegetation carbon and precipitation. Our findings underscore the need for more attention to LAI projections, in terms of understanding the drivers of projected changes and improvements to model skill.
Exploring the interplay between state, structure and runoff behaviour of lower mesoscale catchments
Authors: Seibert Simon Paul , Jackisch Conrad , Ehret Uwe , Pfister Laurent , Zehe Erwin
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The question of how catchments actually "function" has probably caused many sleepless nights as it is still an unsolved and challenging scientific question. Here, we approach this question from the similarity perspective. Instead of comparing single physiographic features of individual catchments we explore the interplay of state and structure on different runoff formation processes, aiming to infer information on the underlying "functional" behaviour. Therefore, we treat catchments as lumped terrestrial filters and relate a set of different structure and storage descriptors to selected response measures. The key issue here is that we employ dimensionless quantities exclusively by normalizing the variable of interest by its limiting terrestrial or forcing characteristic. Specifically we distinguish extensive/additive and intensive/non-additive attributes through normalizing storage volumes by maximum storage capacities and normalizing fluxes (e.g. discharge) by permeability estimators. Moreover, we propose the normalized temporal derivative of runoff as a suitable measure to detect intensity-triggered (high frequency) runoff production. Our dimensionless signatures evidently detect functional similarity among different sites for baseflow production, storm runoff production and the seasonal water balance. Particularly in the latter case we show that normalized double and triple mass curves expose a typical shape with a regime shift that is clearly controlled by the onset and the end of the vegetation period which we can adequately characterize by a simple temperature index model. In line with this, temperature explained 70 % of the variability of the seasonal summer runoff coefficients in 22 catchments distributed along a strong physiographic and climatic gradient in the German part of the Danube basin. The proposed non-additive response measure detected signals of high frequency intensity controlled runoff generation processes in two alpine settings. The approach, in fact edge filtering, evidently works when using "low-pass" filtered hourly rainfall-runoff data of mesoscale catchments ranging from 12 to 170 km2. We conclude that vegetation exerts a first order control on summer stream flow generation when the onset and termination of summer are more significantly defined by temperature than simply by the actual Gregorian day. We also provide evidence that properties describing gradients (e.g. surface topography) and resistances (e.g. hydraulic conductivities) may be much more powerful in explaining runoff response behaviour when they are treated as groups compared to their individual use. Lastly, we show that storage estimators such as the proposed normalized versions of pre-event discharge and antecedent moisture can be valuable predictors for event runoff coefficients: For some of our test regions they explain up to 70 % of their variability.
A Generalization of the TRIX trophic index to the Adriatic Sea basin
Authors: Fiori Emanuela , Zavatarelli Marco , Pinardi Nadia , Mazziotti Cristina , Ferrari Carla Rita
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive is pushing for new methodological approaches in order to protect the marine environment more effectively. The trophic index TRIX was developed by Vollenweider in 1998 for the coastal area of Emilia-Romagna (northern Adriatic Sea), and was exploited by Italian legislation to characterize the trophic state of coastal waters. In order to implement TRIX in different areas and for different time periods, we developed a methodology for the generalization of the index changing the scaling parameters. We compared the TRIX index calculated from in situ data ("in situ TRIX") with the corresponding index simulated with a coupled physics and biogeochemical numerical model ("model TRIX") implemented in the overall Adriatic Sea. The comparison between in situ and simulated data was carried out for a data time series in the Emilia-Romagna coastal strip. This study demonstrates the compatibility of the model with the in situ TRIX and the necessity to have time series longer than 10 years to evaluate properly the scaling parameters. The model TRIX is finally calculated for the whole Adriatic Sea showing trophic index differences across the Adriatic coastal areas.
Technical note: GODESS – A profiling mooring in the Gotland Basin
Authors: Prien Ralf D. , Schulz-Bull Detlef E.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This note describes a profiling mooring with an interdisciplinary suite of sensors taking profiles between 180 m and 30 m depth. It consists of an underwater winch, moored below 180 m depth and a profiling instrumentation platform. In its described setup it can take about 200 profiles at pre-programmed times or intervals with one set of batteries. This allows studies over an extended period of time (e.g. two daily profiles over a time of three months). The Gotland Deep Environmental Sampling Station (GODESS) in the Eastern Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea is aimed at investigations of redoxcline dynamics. The described system can be readily adapted to other research foci by changing the profiling instrumentation platform and its payload.
X-ray Computed Tomography Investigation of Structures in Opalinus Clay from Large Scale to Small Scale after Mechanical Testing
Authors: Kaufhold Annette , Zacher Gerhard , Halisch Matthias , Kaufhold Stephan
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In the past years X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) has became more and more common for geoscientific applications and is used from the µm-scale (e.g. for investigations of micro-fossils or pore scale structures) up to the dm-scale (full drill cores or soil columns). In this paper we present results from CT imaging and mineralogical investigations of an Opalinus Clay core on different scales and different regions of interest, emphasizing especially upon the 3D evaluation and distribution of cracks and their impact upon mechanical testing of such material. Enhanced knowledge of the testing behavior of the Opalinus Clay is of great interest, especially since this material is considered for a long term radioactive waste disposal and storage facility in Switzerland. Hence, results are compared regarding the mineral (i.e. phase) contrast resolution, the spatial resolution, and the overall scanning speed. With this extensive interdisciplinary top-down approach it has been possible to characterize the general fracture propagation in comparison to mineralogical and textural features of the Opalinus Clay. Additionally, and as far as we know, a so called mylonitic zone, located at the intersect of two main fractures, has been observed for the first time for an experimentally deformed Opalinus sample. The multi-scale results are in good accordance to data from naturally deformed Opalinus Clay samples, which enables to perform systematical research under controlled laboratory conditions. Accompanying 3D imaging greatly enhances the capability of data interpretation and assessment of such a material.
Negativity and anti-social attention seeking among narcissists on Twitter: A linguistic analysis
Authors: Golbeck Jennifer
Published: March 2016

A linguistic analysis shows differences in the way narcissistic and non-narcissistic users communicate on Twitter. Because narcissism is marked by attention-seeking, and is related to negativity and perceived victimization, we hypothesized that narcissists would use more words about anger and negative emotions. Conversely, we further hypothesized that they would use fewer words about social interaction and positive emotions. An analysis of over 1,000 users supported these hypotheses.
Bringing the banjo back to life: The field of Dutch independent folk music as participatory culture
Authors: Poecke Niels van , Michael Janna
Published: March 2016

In this paper we investigate factors underlying the production of independent folk music (indie folk) in the Netherlands. By studying the creation, distribution and reception of indie folk music through in-depth interviewing, we argue that the social production of indie folk music is affected by a shift towards ‘participatory culture’ brought about by the rise of the Internet and Web 2.0. We note how Web 2.0 helps musicians to educate themselves and to develop careers in music. Secondly, from the perspective of both musicians and gatekeepers, participatory culture links their preferences for participatory aesthetics, decreasing boundaries between creators, distributors and users. Within the idiom of folk music, they distinguish themselves from the mainstream, creating more sincere performances. Thirdly, from the perspective of the audience, fans actively contribute by organizing small-scale events, enabling the audience to establish (trans)local scenes, reframing music as a social experience.
Big data kwaliteit voor beleid
Authors: Kwakkel Jan , Verbraeck Alexander
Published: March 2016

Big-data quality for policy

Many people see big data as the solution to large societal challenges. But is this really the case? To what extend is the current interest in big data merely an example of the hype cycle, which is common to many technologies? Based on experiences in several big data projects, we explore what is truly novel about big data, and where big data might be meaningfully employed. From this, we distil two main points. First, ensuring the quality throughout the chain from data gathering through analysis and up to decision support is critical in ensuring the successful use of big data. Second, there are unavoidable tensions between the usability, desirability, and technological possibility of big data. Careful reflection on each of these is needed in any big data project.
Van kaas naar big data
Authors: van Otterlo Martijn , Feldberg Frans
Published: March 2016

From cheese to big data; Data science Alkmaar, the living lab form North-Holland North

Big data can be seen as vital fuel for the innovation of diverse processes in both companies and in government policies and practices. In this short article we describe local efforts in the region around the Dutch city of Alkmaar in which the (local) government, (local) companies and a nearby university (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) work together on data-related challenges in a typical triple-helix structure. The municipality of Alkmaar gathers activities in a physical location to stimulate interaction and cooperation among (potential) partners, and it engages in the formation of new governance structures to increase both the intensity and the regional spread of the activities around data. All this raises many new and interesting issues and challenges for public administration researchers and practitioners.
Gezocht: Burgerparticipatie (voor vaste relatie)
Authors: Passchier Rigtje , Schalk Jelmer
Published: March 2016

Wanted: Citizen participation (for long-term relationship). A comparative case study of 26 local networks in the Arnhem area

In 2015, Dutch local governments have become responsible for youth care, social welfare, employment and income assistance programs, as a result of decentralization. Many municipalities have set up service delivery networks and community teams, in which they collaborate with healthcare providers and civic organizations to build integrated care services. It is assumed that these networks will improve outcomes in terms of enhanced people’s self-reliance and healthcare cost control; by operating close to citizens they are in a position to know the client, activate a client’s social network and mobilize specialized professional expertise if necessary. However, a comparative case study of 26 emerging local networks in the Arnhem area indicates that healthcare providers use the networks mainly for presentation purposes in an effort to secure business continuity, that the role of local governments is fuzzy, and that citizen participation only thrives when actively encouraged in a climate of trust.
Verslag van het internationale besloten expertenseminarie Family Studies’ Perspectives towards Household Production and Informal Elderly Care
Authors: De Vos Katrien
Published: March 2016

Verslag van het internationale besloten expertenseminarie Family Studies’ Perspectives towards Household Production and Informal Elderly Care

Op donderdag 12 en vrijdag 13 november 2015 vond het eerste internationale besloten expertenseminarie van RETHINKIN. plaats te Gent en Kortrijk. Dit seminarie is het initiatief van de Wetenschappelijke Onderzoeks Groep (WOG) RETHINKIN. (Rethinking legal kinship studies in the Low Countries). Deze WOG is het resultaat van de samenwerking tussen enerzijds de Vlaamse Vereniging voor Familie & Recht (V.Fam.) en anderzijds de Nederlandse Alliantie Familie & Recht. Het doel van RETHINKIN. is het herdefiniëren van het familierecht in de Lage Landen (www.rethinkin.eu).

Op het seminarie debatteerden internationale experten gedurende twee dagen over twee thema’s: de vergoeding van huishoudelijke inspanningen in relaties enerzijds en de zorg voor ouderen anderzijds. Deze topics werden op de eerste dag geanalyseerd vanuit economisch standpunt. Hierna wordt enkel ingegaan op de tweede dag van het seminarie, waarop beide thema’s in juridisch en historisch perspectief werden geplaatst.

On Thursday 12 and Friday 13 November 2015, the first international closed expert seminar of RETHINKIN. took place in Ghent and Kortrijk. This seminar was an initiative of the Scientific Research Group (WOG) RETHINKIN. (Rethinking legal kinship studies in the Low Countries). This WOG is the result of a cooperation between the Flemish Association of Family & Law (V.Fam.) and the Dutch Alliance Family & Law. RETHINKIN. steers the scientific redefinition of family law in the Low Countries and aims at taking a leading international role in this scientific discussion (www.rethinkin.eu).

At this seminar, international experts discussed two themes: the remuneration of household production and informal elderly care. On the fhe first day these themes were analysed from an economic point of view. On the second day of the expert seminar, both of the themes were studied from a legal and a historical perspective. In this report, only the second day of the seminar will be discussed.
Zal ik je eens wat laten zien?
Authors: Vanderveen G.
Published: March 2016

Let me show you something. On visual research methods

Visual research methods aren’t magic. Yet, they do work. In this article, different reasons and methods are described, based on the author’s own experiences as well as on the literature. Visual methods refer to the visual as a data source, employing visuals in the data collection or using visuals when presenting and expressing social scientific knowledge. The reasons to use visual methods can be divided into two broad categories. First, visual methods enhance the data and the data collection and second, they can facilitate the participation of and collaboration with research participants. Examples of visual methods are presented, such as the use of photographs in interviews as well as some dilemmas a researcher (similar to legal professionals) can face when employing them. Visual methods are still developing, and the author concludes that there’s still a lot to learn.
Via een andere methodologie naar een grotere relevantie van onderzoek
Authors: Andriessen D.G.
Published: March 2016

Towards more relevant research through a different methodology

The practical relevance of police-related research is a much debated issue. In the debate there has not been much attention to the methodological design of research and the effect the design has on relevance. In this article two research designs are discussed that pay special attention to increasing the practical relevance of the research: design-based research and action research. Both designs are uncommon in Dutch police-related research. The two designs are each illustrated with an example and pros and cons are discussed. It is concluded that these designs are useful for improving the impact of police-related research, either when used separately or in combination.
Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for HPLC-UV Determination of PAHs in Milk
Authors: Mahmoudpour Mansour , Mohtadinia Javad , Ansarin Masood , Nemati Mahboob
Published: March 2016

A simple and rapid analytical method for the extraction and quantification of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk sample has been developed using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by the use of HPLC. Benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene were used as model compounds; the milk sample was spiked with these compounds to assess the extraction procedure. Experimental parameters that influence the extraction efficiency, including the nature and volume of the disperser and extraction solvents, pH, and the volume of milk sample, were optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions (extraction solvent: chloroform, 200 μL; dispersive solvent: acetonitrile, 700 μL; and extraction time 5 s or less), the performance of the proposed method was evaluated. The chromatographic peak area was linear with concentrations in the range of 0.2–10 ng/mL−1 and with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9968 to 0.9985. The LODs, based on a S/N ratio of 3, ranged from 0.06 to 0.18 ng/mL−1. The RSDs varied from 3.68 to 9.7% (n = 3). The recoveries of these compounds were from 88.38 to 100%. The performance of the present method was evaluated for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in various types of milk samples.
ANÁLISE DO NÍVEL DE EDUCAÇÃO EM GESTÃO FINANCEIRA DOS FUNCIONÁRIOS DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Piccoli Marcio Roberto , Silva Tarcisio Pedro da
Published: March 2016

Este estudo objetivou identificar o nível de educação em gestão financeira dos funcionários de uma instituição de ensino do Meio Oeste de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa é do tipo descritiva desenvolvida a partir de um questionário estruturado, segregado em dois blocos: o primeiro bloco aborda questões a fim de caracterizar o perfil sócio econômico dos respondentes, e o segundo busca identificar o nível de educação financeira e gestão financeira pessoal; enviado à uma população de 273 funcionários, dos quais foram respondidos 103 questionários. Os resultados apontam que os agentes sociais da pesquisa estão agrupados em uma faixa etária entre 21 e 40 anos, sendo representada por 83% dos respondentes, a maioria do gênero feminino (76%) com estado civil casado/união estável (51%). A investigação permitiu identificar um conhecimento, na educação financeira, sobre o tema liquidez e o efeito dos juros, com utilização de algum tipo de planejamento e/ou controle financeiro, responsável pelo baixo índice de endividamento e administração dos recursos. 
MODELOS DE POISSON INFLADA DE ZEROS E BINOMIAL NEGATIVA INFLADA DE ZEROS NA PREVISÃO DE SINISTRO DE AUTOMÓVEIS
Authors: Zaniboni Natália , Montini Alessandra
Published: March 2016

As seguradoras estão constantemente aprimorando seus modelos de sinistralidade para obter preços mais competitivos. A distribuição de probabilidade dos sinistros possui alta frequência no valor zero, possibilitando o ajuste das distribuições Poisson Inflada de Zeros (ZIP) e Binomial Negativa Inflada de Zeros (ZINB). O objetivo do trabalho é preencher duas lacunas da literatura em relação a estes modelos: verificar se fatores humanos e externos afetam o número de sinistros e estimar tanto a probabilidade de ocorrência do sinistro quanto o número de sinistros por meio do ajuste de modelos ZIP e ZINB para o número de sinistros das carteiras de seguro de automóveis. A base de dados foi extraída do sistema AUTOSEG, da SUSEP, e as variáveis sexo, estado de residência e idade do condutor, categoria tarifária e ano do modelo do automóvel, número de expostos e importância segurada média foram significativas nos modelos ajustados a um nível de 10%. O modelo de ZIP apresentou erro quadrático médio menor que os modelos ZINB, Poisson e Binomial Negativa. 
A INFLUÊNCIA DA ADOÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA NO COMPORTAMENTO DE COMPRA DA ALTA E BAIXA RENDA
Authors: Quintão Ronan Torres , Isabella Giuliana
Published: March 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar a influência da responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) no comportamento de compra da alta e baixa renda em relação à percepção de benefício, valor, e intenção de compra do cliente, considerando um contexto onde a empresa socialmente responsável pratica um preço dez por cento maior do que a concorrência. Foram realizados dois experimentos para testar duas hipóteses sobre as relações da renda com o RSC. Como resultado verificou-se que ambos os grupos de consumidores de alta e baixa renda preferem produtos de empresas socialmente responsáveis quando o preço do produto está de acordo com nível de renda e gasto do consumidor. Entretanto os consumidores de baixa renda avaliam melhor comparado com os de alta renda os produtos das empresas que adotam práticas de RSC do que as que não adotam.  Limitações do estudo e sugestões futuras são apresentadas no final do artigo. 
GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E OS DETERMINANTES DA ESTRUTURA DE CAPITAL EM EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Matragrano Daniel Dayrell , Bernardes Patrícia , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2016

Este artigo trata da relação entre governança corporativa e estrutura de capital das empresas brasileiras. O pressuposto é que a adoção de boas práticas de governança corporativa pode influenciar a formação das fontes de financiamento das empresas e de seus atributos determinantes. O objetivo geral foi identificar se as empresas que aderiram ao segmento do Novo Mercado apresentaram diferenças significativas em sua estrutura de capital e em seus atributos com relação às empresas listadas no Mercado Tradicional, para os anos de 2010 e 2013. A metodologia do trabalho é de natureza quantitativa. Utilizou-se de dados secundários obtidos na BM&F Bovespa e de técnicas de regressão linear múltipla e análise de coeficientes de correlação. A apresentação e análise de resultados do trabalho demonstrou a presença de diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os atributos determinantes da estrutura de capital das empresas, evidenciando a influência positiva das empresas que adotam as boas práticas de governança corporativa. Os avanços nesta área de estudo podem ser obtidos pela incorporação de um maior número de variáveis que influenciam a estrutura de capital, bem como a ampliação dos períodos para o levantamento de dados.
PRIORITIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION PROJECTS: DECISION ANALYSIS USING THE PROMÉTHÉE V METHOD
Authors: Gomes Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro , Rangel Luis Alberto Duncan , Resende Ricardo De Castro
Published: March 2016

This article presents an application of the multicriteria method PROMÉTHÉE V to the problem of prioritizing telecommunication projects. The study was conducted inside of a major telecommunications company in Brazil. The adherence to a multicriteria approach allowed for taking into consideration technical as well as non technical evaluation criteria. Using PROMÉTHÉE V was particularly appropriate not only because the method performed an initial ranking of the set of projects, but also because it led to a constrained optimization of the obtained selection. It is then concluded that the application of PROMÉTHÉE V to the problem in question achieved its key purpose in the sense of organizing and solving a complex process of decision analysis. It also provided for interactivity during the analysis and useful simulations, giving transparency to the analysis and thus providing for a common base of understanding for all involved.
A GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO NO SETOR PÚBLICO: UM DIAGNÓSTICO PRELIMINAR SOBRE PRÁTICAS E FERRAMENTAS UTILIZADAS NO INSTITUTO MINEIRO DE AGROPECUÁRIA - IMA
Authors: Lima Paula Brayner Souto Maior , Vasconcelos Maria Celeste Reis Lobo de , Neves Jorge Tadeu De Ramos , Dufloth Simone Cristina
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as práticas e ferramentas de gestão do conhecimento identificadas no Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, a partir da realização de um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionários, respondidos por um total de 65 servidores. Os portais colaborativos como a intranet e extranet estão entre as práticas utilizadas com muita frequência. No que concerne aos processos essenciais da gestão do conhecimento, foi observado que o compartilhamento do conhecimento é realizado com frequência, tanto de maneira formal quanto informal, e que os elementos de identificação, aquisição, desenvolvimento, utilização, retenção do conhecimento estão presentes no cotidiano dos servidores, ainda que esporadicamente.
O zoneamento morfológico funcional de Pará de Minas – MG, Brasil / Morpho-functional zoning of Pará de Minas – MG, Brazil
Authors: Canettieri Thiago , Ribeiro Carolina , Varela Isabela Dalle , Queiroz Terezinha , Alvim Ana Márcia Moreira , Diniz Alexandre Magno Alves
Published: March 2016

As cidades médias se tornaram importantes centros intermediários desempenhando funções como a retenção de população, prestação de serviços essenciais, oferta de estabelecimentos comerciais e de produção. No presente artigo analisa-se o zoneamento morfológico funcional da cidade de Pará de Minas (MG), tendo como base analítica o modelo proposto por Amorim Filho (2005), no qual o autor identifica quatro zonas no espaço intraurbano das cidades médias mineiras e explica a organização de cada uma delas descrevendo as funções urbanas nelas desempenhadas. Para tanto foram realizados trabalhos de campos no município, complementados por dados secundários referentes à condição sociodemográfica de Pará de Minas. Com isso foi possível elaborar um quadro do zoneamento morfológico-funcional de Pará de Minas, que se apresentou bastante afinado com os postulados de Amorim Filho (2005), embora sejam necessárias algumas ressalvas.

 

Palavras–chave: Cidades médias; Zoneamento morfológico-funcional; Espaço intraurbano

 

Abstract

Mid-sized cities became important centers which present intermediate functions such as retention of population, provision of essential services, shopping centers and productive sectors. In this article the authors analyze the morphological functional zoning of Pará de Minas (MG) based on the model proposed by Amorim Filho (2005). In his analysis the author identifies the organization and compartmentalization of the intraurban space of mid sized mining cities pointing to the functions and forms of these areas as well as their influences. In this paper one could found that the model was well consistent with the reality of Pará de Minas, although some adjust are necessary.

Keywords: Mid-sized cities; morpho-functional zoning; Intraurban space

 
Métodos de avaliação da influência das áreas ripárias na sustentabilidade hidrológica em bacias hidrográficas no nordeste do estado do Pará / Assessment methods of the influence of riparian areas in hydrologic sustainability (...)
Authors: Tamasauskas Priscilla Flores Leão Ferreira , Souza Larisse Fernanda Pereira de , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de , Pimentel Márcia Aparecida da Silva , Rocha Edson José Paulino da
Published: March 2016

As bacias hidrográficas do rio Caripi e do Igarapé Açu localizam-se nos municípios de Marapanim e Igarapé Açu, compondo o conjunto de bacias costeiras de comportamento fluvio-estuarino que drenam a região nordeste do estado do Pará. O processo de uso e ocupação do solo na região tem mostrado uma tendência de ameaça a manutenção do potencial hídrico destas bacias, por esta razão este trabalho objetivou avaliar diferentes métodos de determinação da área de floresta ripária e sua relação com a sustentabilidade hídrica. A metodologia consistiu em definir as áreas de floresta ripária a partir de dois métodos de análise espacial e a aplicação do resultado no cálculo do Índice de Sustentabilidade Hídrica. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as bacias encontram-se em situação de moderada sustentabilidade, porém a distribuição das classes de cobertura e uso do solo indicam que existe a fragmentação dos sistemas florestais e a redução das áreas que deveria ser de floresta ripária. As técnicas adotadas diferem quanto a nível de cobertura da informação, indicando que a proximidade do modelo hidrológico da bacia depende das variáveis consideradas e da precisão do processo de análise espacial adotado.

Palavras–chave: análise espacial, paisagem, uso e cobertura do solo.

 

Abstract

The basins of Caripi and Igarapé Açu rivers belong to the municipalities of Marapanim and Igarapé Açu in Para state. They are part of the coastal catchment system with fluvial-estuarine behavior that drain the northeastern state of Para. The process of land use and land occupation represent a threat on the potential of water maintenance in these basins. Therefore, this study evaluated different methods for determining the riparian forest area and its relation to water sustainability. The methodology adopted aimed to identify the areas of riparian forest with two spatial analysis methods and applies the Hydric Sustainability Index. The results obtained show that the basins are in a situation of moderate sustainability, but the distribution of land cover and land use indicates a fragmentation of forest systems and the reduction of areas that should be a riparian forest. The adopted techniques differ in the level of coverage of information, where the precision of hydrological model depends on the chosen variables and the accuracy of the spatial analysis process used.

Keywords: spatial analysis, landscape, land use and land cover.

 
Política de combate dos efeitos da Seca no Semiárido Potiguar: o caso de Riacho do Sangue em Macaíba(RN), 2002-2010 / Policy to combat to effects of Drought in the Semiárido Potiguar: the case of Riacho do Sangue in Macaíba(RN), 2002-2010
Authors: Da Silva Figueiredo Suzete Câmara , Saraiva Júnior João Correia , FIGUEIREDO JONILSON DE SOUZA
Published: March 2016

O Rio Grande do Norte, juntamente com o Ceará e a Paraíba são os estados que detêm o maior percentual de área no semiárido. No Rio Grande do Norte-RN, apenas 20 municípios não pertencem a esta região. Os processos históricos de degradação em consonância às características naturais levam a um quadro de atenção no semiárido potiguar, cujas políticas públicas são importantes no controle e mitigação desses efeitos. Pretende-se, portanto, analisar a Política de Combate dos efeitos da Seca no Semiárido Potiguar, para compreender de que forma esta política se territorializa e se esse processo de fato ocorre, por meio de um estudo exploratório, via delineamentos bibliográfico e documental, subsidiado por estudo de caso em Riacho do Sangue, Macaíba/RN. Os resultados apontam que em Riacho do Sangue essa política não é territorial e os programas PCPR I e PCPR II conseguiram apenas alcançar uma de suas metas: promover o acesso a água a população e mitigar os efeitos da seca de forma branda.

Palavras-chave: Política Pública, Semiárido Potiguar, PCPR I, PCPR II.

 

 

Abstract

The Rio Grande do Norte, along with Ceará and Paraíba States which have the highest percentage of area in the semi-arid. In Rio Grande do Norte-RN, only 20 municipalities do not belong to this region. The historical processes of degradation in keeping natural characteristics lead to a framework for attention in the semi-arid potiguar, whose public policies are important in the control and mitigation of those effects. It is intended, therefore, to analyse the policy to combat the effects of drought in the Semi-arid Potiguar, to understand how this policy if territorializa and if this process actually occurs by means of an exploratory study, via bibliographic and documentary delineations, subsidized by case study in Riacho do Sangue, Macaíba/RN. The indicator results in Riacho do Sangue that is not territorial political and programs get to reach only PCPR I and PCPR II one of its goals: to promote access to water for population and to mitigate the effects of drought in mild form.

Keywords: Public Policy, Semiárido Potiguar, PCPR I, PCPR II.
O conforto térmico humano na primavera-verão em Santa Maria – RS / The human thermal comfort in the spring-summer in Santa Maria - RS
Authors: Gobo João Paulo Assis , Galvani Emerson
Published: March 2016

A presente pesquisa avaliou as condições de conforto térmico humano no estado em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, com base na dinâmica atmosférica regional para anos-padrão classificados como mais chuvoso, menos chuvoso e habitual, em meses representativos de primavera e verão. Para tal, utilizou-se da base de dados climáticos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), sob a qual procedeu-se a construção do banco de dados, no qual foi atribuído o de Temperatura Resultante (TR). Verificou-se que os sistemas atmosféricos atuantes não exercem expressiva influência sobre as situações de conforto térmico humano em Santa Maria nos meses representativos de primavera e verão, pois estes são atenuados pelos fatores geográficos que tornam-se os principais responsáveis pela definição das zonas de conforto.

Palavras–chave: conforto térmico humano; dinâmica atmosférica; anos-padrão.

Abstract

This study evaluated the human thermal comfort in the Rio Grande do Sul state in Santa Maria city, based on regional atmospheric dynamics in the years classified as standard rainier, less rainy and customary in representative months of spring and summer. Thus,  was used the weather data base of the National Meteorological Institute (INMET) under which was realized the construct the database, where it was assigned the resulting temperature (RT). It was found that the active weather systems do not exert significant influence on human thermal comfort conditions in Santa Maria on representative months of spring and summer. These aspects are mitigated by the geographic factors that make up the primary responsibility for defining the comfort zones.

Keywords: human thermal comfort; atmospheric dynamics; standard years.
Cancer Stem Cell-Based Models of Colorectal Cancer Reveal Molecular Determinants of Therapy Resistance
Authors: De Angelis Maria Laura , Zeuner Ann , Policicchio Eleonora , Russo Giorgio , Bruselles Alessandro , Signore Michele , Vitale Sara , De Luca Gabriele , Pilozzi Emanuela , Boe Alessandra , Stassi Giorgio , Ricci-Vitiani Lucia , Amoreo Carla Azzurra , Pagliuca Alfredo , Francescangeli Federica , Tartaglia Marco , De Maria Ruggero , Baiocchi Marta
Published: March 2016

Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy mainly relies on the use of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs combined, in a subset of patients, with epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]-targeting agents. Although CRC is considered a prototype of a cancer stem cell (CSC)-driven tumor, the effects of both conventional and targeted therapies on the CSC compartment are largely unknown. We have optimized a protocol for colorectal CSC isolation that allowed us to obtain CSC-enriched cultures from primary tumor specimens, with high efficiency. CSC isolation was followed by in vitro and in vivo validation, genetic characterization, and drug sensitivity analysis, thus generating panels of CSC lines with defined patterns of genetic mutations and therapy sensitivity. Colorectal CSC lines were polyclonal and maintained intratumor heterogeneity in terms of somatically acquired mutations and differentiation state. Such CSC-enriched cultures were used to investigate the effects of both conventional and targeted therapies on the CSC compartment in vivo and to generate a proteomic picture of signaling pathways implicated in sensitivity/resistance to anti-EGFR agents. We propose CSC lines as a sound preclinical framework to test the effects of therapies in vitro and in vivo and to identify novel determinants of therapy resistance.

Significance

Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be responsible for tumor propagation, metastatic dissemination, and relapse. However, molecular pathways present in CSCs, as well as mechanisms of therapy resistance, are mostly unknown. Taking advantage of genetically characterized CSC lines derived from colorectal tumors, this study provides an extensive analysis of CSC response to EGFR-targeted therapy in vivo and an overview of factors implicated in therapy response or resistance. Furthermore, the implementation of a biobank of molecularly annotated CSC lines provides an innovative resource for future investigations in colorectal cancer.
L’intervention entre espoirs et échecs
Authors: Badie Bertrand
Published: March 2016

L’intervention militaire dans le conflit des autres a inauguré, dès la chute du Mur, une thématique nouvelle en Relations internationales qui mêlait la volonté d’enrichir les dispositifs de « conflict solving » et de mettre en place une véritable « diplomatie transformationnelle » ayant pour objectif de changer et d’améliorer les régimes politiques des autres. Dans l’euphorie d’une bipolarité disparue, le projet paraissait audacieux mais prometteur : il bouleversait les canons souverainistes, mais il relançait aussi la double idée de gendarme du monde et de projet émancipateur des peuples souffrants. Le point d’aboutissement de ce processus intellectuel et politique se trouve incontestablement dans l’idée-phare de la responsabilité de protéger, édictée en 2001. Pour autant, le bilan est loin d’être convaincant : fin plutôt que moyen et finalité de puissance plus que finalité de régulation. La pratique suggère bien des échecs, des effets pervers et surtout un énorme décalage par rapport à la nature nouvelle des conflits visés. Ce désordre, souvent occulté, implique que soient posées, à propos de cette démarche nouvelle, trois questions encore oubliées : qui est habilité à intervenir, comment et pourquoi ?
À la croisée du droit des obligations et de l’ingénierie financière — Remarques sur la nécessité sociale de l’analyse juridique
Authors: Forray Vincent
Published: March 2016

Ce texte propose un croisement entre le droit des obligations et certaines techniques de l’ingénierie financière qui se sont révélées au public lors de la grande crise de 2007 : la titrisation des créances et le crédit dérivé. Il en ressort à un premier niveau de lecture que, si ces techniques correspondent à la structure de l’obligation juridique lorsqu’on considère l’opération de financement qu’elles configurent, elles ont aussi vocation à déstabiliser cette structure lorsqu’on considère la logique du refinancement qui les anime. À un second niveau de lecture, ce travail indique la nécessité de recourir à l’analyse juridique afin de pousser notre compréhension de certains phénomènes sociaux, tels que la crise financière en question. Il suggère que les intermédiaires conceptuels, culturels ou sémiotiques du droit, ainsi que l’ensemble de ses tropes, sont plus profondément implantés dans la culture, le langage et l’appareil conceptuel de nos sociétés qu’au niveau de la règle, du jugement ou de l’exercice du pouvoir politique.
La loi applicable à la responsabilité du fabricant en droit international privé canadien et européen
Authors: Laganière Guillaume
Published: March 2016

L’auteur aborde l’épineuse question de la loi applicable à la responsabilité du fabricant en droit international privé. Adoptant l’approche du droit comparé mais examinant plus particulièrement l’article 3128 du Code civil du Québec, il soutient que la loi applicable à cette question devrait être celle du lieu du domicile ou de la résidence de la victime, ou encore la loi du lieu où le dommage a été subi si le produit en cause y a été commercialisé. Le texte débute par un aperçu des régimes en vigueur au Québec, dans les autres provinces canadiennes et en Europe. L’auteur se penche par la suite sur quatre facteurs de rattachement fréquemment invoqués, soit l’établissement ou la résidence du fabricant, le domicile ou la résidence de la victime, le lieu d’acquisition du bien et le lieu du délit. Enfin, l’auteur propose une version remodelée de l’article 3128.
Une autonomie collective sous contraintes : l’exercice de la grève et du lock-out dans l’industrie québécoise de la construction
Authors: Bilodeau Pier-Luc
Published: March 2016

Depuis 1968, les relations du travail dans l’industrie québécoise de la construction sont encadrées par un régime d’exception au Code du travail, prévu dans la Loi sur les relations du travail, la formation professionnelle et la gestion de la main-d’oeuvre dans l’industrie de la construction. En plus des contraintes très strictes contenues dans ce régime en ce qui a trait au recours à la grève ou au lock-out, le législateur semble avoir renoué, depuis 2013, avec une pratique délaissée au milieu des années 90 : l’adoption systématique de lois spéciales de retour au travail. L’examen de l’importance du secteur d’activité et de la conflictualité patronale-syndicale que l’on y observe depuis 20 ans soulève de nombreuses questions quant au bien-fondé de telles mesures extraordinaires, particulièrement depuis la décision de la Cour suprême du Canada dans l’arrêt Saskatchewan Federation of Labour c. Saskatchewan.
Do MODIS‐defined dust sources have a geomorphological signature?
Authors: Baddock Matthew C. , Ginoux Paul , Bullard Joanna E. , Gill Thomas E.
Published: March 2016

The preferential dust source (PDS) scheme enables large‐scale mapping of geomorphology in terms of importance for dust emissions but has not been independently tested other than at local scales. We examine the PDS qualitative conceptual model of surface emissivity alongside a quantitative measurement of dust loading from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Collection 6 for the Chihuahuan Desert. The predicted ranked importance of each geomorphic type for dust emissions is compared with the actual ranked importance as determined from the satellite‐derived dust loading. For this region, the predicted variability and magnitude of dust emissions from most surface types present coincides with the observed characteristics demonstrating the significance of geomorphological controls on emission. The exception is for areas of low magnitude but persistent emissions such as alluvial surfaces where PDS overpredicts dustiness. As PDS is a good predictor of emissions and incorporates surface dynamics it could improve models of future dust emissions.
Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow
Authors: Woodhouse Connie A. , Pederson Gregory T. , Morino Kiyomi , McAfee Stephanie A. , McCabe Gregory J.
Published: March 2016

This empirical study examines the influence of precipitation, temperature, and antecedent soil moisture on upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) water year streamflow over the past century. While cool season precipitation explains most of the variability in annual flows, temperature appears to be highly influential under certain conditions, with the role of antecedent fall soil moisture less clear. In both wet and dry years, when flow is substantially different than expected given precipitation, these factors can modulate the dominant precipitation influence on streamflow. Different combinations of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture can result in flow deficits of similar magnitude, but recent droughts have been amplified by warmer temperatures that exacerbate the effects of relatively modest precipitation deficits. Since 1988, a marked increase in the frequency of warm years with lower flows than expected, given precipitation, suggests continued warming temperatures will be an increasingly important influence in reducing future UCRB water supplies.
Seismic slip history of the Pizzalto fault (central Apennines, Italy) using in situ‐produced36Cl cosmic ray exposure dating and rare earth element concentrations
Authors: Tesson J. , Pace B. , Benedetti L. , Visini F. , Delli Rocioli M. , Arnold M. , Aumaître G. , Bourlès D. L. , Keddadouche K.
Published: March 2016

Morphological and geological observations reveal that most Apenninic faults are highly segmented and that the majority of the fault segments are less than 10 km long. Although these faults have undergone numerous paleoseismological investigations, quantitative data remain crucially lacking for a large number of fault segments. Because such data are essential to understanding how these faults have ruptured and interacted in the past and how they might behave in the future, we investigated the Holocene seismic history of the Pizzalto normal fault, a 13 km long fault segment belonging to the Pizzalto‐Rotella‐Aremogna fault system in the Apennines. We collected 44 samples from the Pizzalto fault plane exhumed during the Holocene and analyzed the36Cl and rare earth element (REE) contents. Together, the36Cl and REE concentrations show that at least six events have exhumed 4.4 m of the fault scarp between 3 and 1 ka, with slip per event values ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 m. No major events have been detected over the last 1 kyr. The Rotella‐Aremogna‐Pizzalto fault system has a clustered earthquake behavior with a mean recurrence time of 1.2 kyr and a low to moderate probability (ranging from 4% to 26%) of earthquake occurrence over the next 50 years.