bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPLICATIONS OF NEOADYAVANT THERAPY FOR CANCER OF THE HEAD OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Rasulov R. I. , Zemko M. V. , Shelekhov A. V. , Zubrinckiy K. G. , Songolov G. I.
Published: July 2019

Aim: to study complications of preoperative chemoembolization of the gastroduodenal artery and external beam radiation therapy in patients with pancreatic head cancer.

Material and Methods. Sixty patients underwent chemoembolization of the gastroduodenal artery and external beam radiation therapy. Femoral artery angiography was performed using the Seldinger’s technique. Lipiodol 5–7 ml and gemcitabine 400 mg/m2 were used for transarterial chemoembolization. Radiation therapy was given at a total dose of 50 Gy (2 Gy/fraction, 5 times a week, over 5 weeks) using AGAT -R apparatus.

Results. Complications after chemoembolization of the gastroduodenal artery were observed in 18.3 % of patients: abdominal pain in 3.3 % of patients; pain and nausea in 3.3 %; pain, nausea and fever in 6.7 %; pain, nausea and increased blood amylase in 1.7 %; pain, nausea and fever, blood amylase in 1.7 %; nausea, fever and blood amylase in 1.7 %. Radiation-induced injuries were observed in 23.3 % of patients: erythema in 18.3 %, grade 1 leukopenia in 1.7% and grade 2 leukopenia in 3.3 %.

Conclusion. Complications of neoadjuvant therapy in terms of frequency and severity were consistent with literature data, were manageable with conservative treatment, and did not increase the duration of the preoperative period.
INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Dmitrieva N. V. , Eidelshtein M. V. , Aginova V. V. , Grigorievskaya Z. V. , Petukhova I. N. , Tereshchenko I. V. , Bagirova N. S. , Dyakova S. A. , Kalinchuk T. A. , Dmitrieva A. I. , Shek E. A. , Skleenova E. Yu.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of isolation of multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in cancer patients and identify the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems.

Material and Methods. We analyzed 942 strains of A. baumannii isolated from clinical samples of cancer patients in the period 2014–16. The level of resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and to other antibiotics was determined. Carbapenem-resistant (Car-R) strains were examined for the presence of carbapenemases.

Results. Between 2014 and 2016, the number of strains resistant to: ampicillin-sulbactam was 95.5–74.6 % (p≤0.0001), piperacillin – tazobactam 64.3–98.1 % (p<0.01), ceftazidime – 66.1–44.3 % (p≤0.0001), cefepime – 94.7–98.3 % (p≤0.01), ciprofloxacin – 95.8–91.8 % (p<0.05), amikacin – 77.7–91.0 % (p≤0.0001). An increase in the number of Car-R strains from 77.2 % in 2014 to 84.1 % in 2015 (p<0.05) and up to 90.0 % in 2016 (p<0.05) was observed. The resistance to imipenem was 100 %. The analysis of 6 strains in relation to acquired carbapenemases revealed the production of serine carbapenemases of the OXA-23 group in 100 % of cases.

Conclusion. A. baumannii remains to be highly resistant to almost all classes of antibiotics, and the resistance to carbapenems is caused by the production of carbapenemases OXA-23.
MORPHOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR FEATURES OF PRIMARY GLIOBLASTOMA IN PATIENTS SURVIVING MORE THAN 3 YEARS
Authors: Matsko M. V. , Matsko D. E. , Volkov N. M. , Ulitin A. Yu. , Moiseenko V. M. , Imyanitov E. N. , Iyevleva A. G.
Published: July 2019

Primary glioblastoma (GB) is a rapidly progressing central nervous system tumor with aggressive biological behavior. Long-term glioblastoma survival, defined as survival beyond 3 years, is a rare phenomenon. Various factors contributing to such prolonged lifespan have been proposed.

Aim. This study aimed to compare demographic, clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of primary GB in patients with different survival.

Material andMethods. This prospective study included 69 patients, who were treated at A.L. Polenov Neurosurgery institute. The analysis considered clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical (Ki67, P53, INA , EGFR) and genetic (MGMT, VEGF and PDGFRA gene expression; ID H1/2 mutational status, 1p/19q co-deletion) characteristics of the disease.

Results. 11 (15.9 %) patients survived beyond 3 years. Prolonged survival was associated with younger patient age (p=0.002), use of more than 6 cycles of temozolomide in the 1st line therapy (p=0.016), use of the 2nd line therapy (p=0.017) and low level of MGMT expression in the tumor tissue (p=0.038). Other factors including patients’ gender, VEGF and PDGFRA mRNA expression levels, ID H1 mutation, 1p/19q deletion, and the immunohistochemical markers Ki67, p53, INA , EGFR, were not associated with prolonged survival (p>0.05).

Conclusion. Prolonged survival in GB patients is a non-random event and can be explained by several clinical and biological factors. A high percentage of 3-year survival of GB patients in our study may be explained by an individual approach to treatment and intensive chemotherapeutic tactics (from 6 to 15 cycles of temozolomide in the 1st line therapy and use of the 2nd line therapy), as opposed to standard short treatment protocols.
THE ROLE OF EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND AUTOPHAGY IN ANTITUMORAL RESPONSE OF MELANOMA CELL LINES TO TARGET INHIBITION OF MEK AND mTOR KINASES
Authors: Lozhkomoev A. S. , Bakina O. V. , Fomenko A. N. , Avgustinovich A. V. , Afanasyev S. G. , Dobrodeev A. Yu. , Spirina L. V. , Tarasova A. S. , Urmonov U. B.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Cutaneous melanoma is a challenge to treat due to rapid progression of disease and acquired resistance to therapy. Autophagy and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are closely interrelated and play a key role in tumor progression. Targeted co-inhibition of MEK and mTOR kinases is a potential target for melanoma therapy by downregulatoin of the EMT.

Objective: to study the effect of MEK and mTOR co-inhibition on cell viability, ability to form 3D-spheroids and migratory capacity of melanoma cell lines, and correlation of these changes with EMTand autophagy-related markers.

Material and Methods. Melanoma cell lines Mel Z and Mel MTP were derived from patients, who were treated at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The antiproliferative effect of binimetinib and/or rapamycin was studied by the MTT -test. 3D spheroids were formed using RGD peptides. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by a Boyden chamber migration assay. The expression levels of autophagy and EMT markers were investigated by immunocytochemistry or immunoblotting.

Results. Rapamycin increased cytotoxicity of binimetinib in both 2D and 3D melanoma cell line cultures. At the same time, binimetinib and rapamycin reduced invasion, but not migration capacity of melanoma cells in vitro. The effectiveness of the combination was associated with a decrease in the EMT markers (N-cadherin and β-catenin) and autophagy markers (Beclin 1, p62/SQST M1 and LC3BII ) in melanoma cells.

Conclusion. Inactivation of autophagy and EMT leads to overcoming the resistance to current anti-melanoma therapy and can be considered as a promising target for the treatment of melanoma.
MICROSURGICAL METHODS OF EX VIVO EXAMINATION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Gantsev S. K. , Tatunov M. A. , Gantsev K. S. , Kzyrgalin S. R. , Mukhamedyarov R. S.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study was ex vivo examination of lymph node perfusion in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Material and Methods. Lymph nodes affected with metastatic breast cancer were examined. These nodes were subsequently subjected to microsurgical dissection with the isolation of the capsule, lymphatic vessels, parenchyma and stroma. All manipulations were performed after preliminary lymph node dissection using an axillary node sample, and the dissection of an isolated lymph node from this region was then performed. A total of 100 breast cancer patients underwent lymph node dissection and microsurgical lymph node dissection. The control group comprised samples taken from women who died in accidents and had no a history of cancer. Lymph nodes and vessels were isolated from the adipose tissue of the axillary region by the sonolipodestruction technique using LySonix 3000® ultrasonic device with PulseSelect™. A detailed examination of lymph nodes was carried out using OPTON microscope – OPMI 6 CFC and a set of microsurgical instruments. Color lymphography of isolated afferent lymphatic vessels with 0.5 % methylene blue solution was performed. Along with color lymphography, digital morphometry of the components of the lymphatic system (Image-Pro Plus 6.0) and microsurgical dissection of the lymph node capsule and lymphangion valves were performed.

Results. Data on non-metastatic and metastatic lymph nodes were obtained and digitally recorded. When studying the metastatic blockade of the lymphoid lobule and afferent lymphatic vessels by the method of antegrade color lymphography, we revealed the compensatory development of lymphatic bypass – intracapsular neo-lymphatic microangiogenesis that was confirmed by histological studies.

Conclusion. Color lymphography reliably determines the areas and the extent of functional perfusion. Post-radiation changes in tissues markedly change the logistics of lymph flow and regional metastasis. The lymph node capsule with metastases undergoes a pathological transformation characterized by the development of a network of lymphatic capillaries, the severity of which depends on the extent of metastatic block. Lymph node metastasis changes the lymphatic hydrodynamics by changing the number of lymphatic vessels and their diameter.
ERADICATION OF HCV INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS: FACTOR OF CANCER PREVENTION OR CARCINOGENESIS?
Authors: Malinina N. A. , Mazurchik N. V. , Tarasova O. I. , Ogurtsov P. P.
Published: July 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of death from cancer and is the final stage of chronic liver disease, usually occurring in patients with cirrhosis (CP). Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to progressive liver inflammation and cirrhosis because this virus specifically affects liver tissue. Previously used interferon therapy had a relatively low efficiency and very high risks of side effects. During the period of administration of interferon (IFN) schemes it was proved that elimination of the virus significantly reduced risk of liver cancer development. Discovery of direct-acting antiviral (DAA ) drugs have revolutionized HCV therapy with virus elimination rate of more than 95 % and an excellent safety profile. However, the risk of transformation of liver cirrhosis into hepatocellular carcinoma is still high even after complete eradication of the virus. Numerous studies have shown conflicting results on the possible relationship between the use of new antiviral drugs and the increase in the frequency of newly diagnosed or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the long-term prognosis in terms of risk for HCC development among patients with sustained virological response (SVR) remains unclear.

The purpose of the studywas to analyze the literature on the effect of antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C with interferon-containing regimens and drugs of direct antiviral action on the risk of developing or recurring hepatocellular carcinoma.

Material and Methods. We analyzed publications available from PubMed, S copus, E-library, Web of S cience using the key words “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “chronic hepatitis C”, “direct-acting antiviral drugs”, “liver cirrhosis”, “interferons”, and “sustained virological response”. Of the 99 studies found, 21 were used to write a systematic review.

Results.Eradication of the virus reduces the risks of HCC. Despite reports on high risk of occurrence or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis after treatment with DAA s compared with interferon-containing regimens, there is not enough data confirming the direct link between the use of DAA s and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. No statistically significant difference in the frequency of HCC between patients treated with interferon or DAA s was detected.

Conclusion.Eradication of the virus is the most significant factor in the prevention of HCC; therefore, treatment of CHC should not be delayed due to the risk of HCC. Patients with liver cirrhosis require a long period of follow-up, even after successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C with DAA drugs. Stratification of HCC risk requires further research.
METHODS OF FORECASTING THE PRICES OF CRYPTOCURRENCY ON THE FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Pronchakov Yurii , Bugaienko Oleg
Published: July 2019

The article describes the problem of forecasting prices of cryptocurrencies at the financial markets. Methods for analyzing and forecasting prices of cryptocurrencies at the financial markets are considered in detail. A trend indicator – moving averages – is considered as an auxiliary tool for technical analysis that helps to analyze and forecast prices of cryptocurrencies at the financial markets. During the study there were analyzed several methods of different categories, namely: SMA (Simple Moving Average), EMA (Exponential Moving Average), WMA (Weighted Moving Average). For analyzing moving averages, there were conducted the analysis, based on mean-square deviation together with the standard graphic analysis. The whole process was divided in several stages: a moving average was calculated, based on basic values; based on values of the calculated moving average, there was calculated a mean square deviation; deviation with the least numerical value was chosen among the massive of deviations. It has been revealed, that SMA has the least value of mean-square deviation, but EMA is the better choice, because EMA is most sensitive among considered moving averages, although an error extent is rater more.
USING THE VIRTUAL CHEMICAL LABORATORY VLAB IN TEACHING CHEMISTRY OF 9th GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Nechypurenko Pavlo , Selivanova Tetyana
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the importance of the skills of school students to solve experimental problems in chemistry and the conditions for the use of virtual chemical laboratories in the process of the formation of these skills. The essence of the concept of “virtual chemical laboratories” is considered and their main types, advantages and disadvantages that define the methodically reasonable limits of the use of these software products in the process of teaching chemistry, in particular, to support the educational chemical experiment are described. The capabilities of the virtual chemical laboratory VLab to support the process of solving experimental problems in chemistry in grade 9 have been determined. The main advantages and disadvantages of the virtual chemical laboratory VLab on the modeling of chemical processes necessary for the creation of virtual experimental problems in chemistry are analyzed. The features of the virtual chemical laboratory VLab, the essence of its work and the creation of virtual laboratory work in it are described. The results of the study are the development of a set of experimental tasks in chemistry for students in grade 9 on the topic “Solutions” in the cloud-oriented virtual chemical laboratory VLab.
EMERGING CASES OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Putri Denise Utami
Published: July 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium genus. It is widely spread throughout the world, with at least one third of people is estimated to possess latent TB, a state where infection occurs, but does not develop disease symptoms.1 Indonesia, world’s 4th most populous country, has the highest incidence of TB cases in South East Asia, and 2nd highest globally. It affects more than 1 million people, and has caused more than 100,000 deaths during 2014
TANTANGAN RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: . FX. Wikan Indrarta
Published: July 2019

Editorial
PERANAN OBAT GOLONGAN STATIN
Authors: Dewi Ivana Purnama , Merry Maria Silvia
Published: July 2019

Statin adalah kelas obat penurun lipid. Statin menghambat secara kompetitif koenzim 3-hidroksi-3-metilglutaril (HMG-CoA) reduktase, yakni enzim yang berperan pada sintesis kolesterol, terutama dalam hati. Penghambatan enzim ini menyebabkan penurunan konsentrasi kolesterol seluler sementara, yang kemudian mengaktifkan kaskade sinyal seluler dan berpuncak pada aktivasi protein pengikat elemen regulasi sterol (SREBP), faktor transkripsi yang mengatur ekspresi gen yang mengkodekan reseptor LDL. Ekspresi reseptor LDL yang meningkat menyebabkan peningkatan penyerapan LDL plasma dan akibatnya menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL dalam plasma. Sekitar 70% reseptor LDL diekspresikan oleh hepatosit dan sisanya diekpresikan oleh berbagai sel di dalam tubuh. Beberapa guidelines merekomendasikan statin sebagai pengobatan farmakologi lini pertama untuk menurunkan kadar LDL pada pasien. Selain menurunkan LDL, statin terbukti bermanfaat dalam pencegahan primer maupun pencegahan sekunder penyakit kardiovaskular, serta menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit kardiovaskular bagi pasien yang memiliki faktor resiko tinggi. Beberapa randomized clinical trial, seperti Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) dan Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Theraphy (PROVE-IT), menunjukkan bahwa statin menurunkan kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular, dimana efek statin sendiri adalah menurunkan progresivitas dari pembentukan plak atherosklerotik. Studi lain menyatakan bahwa penggunaan statin bermanfaat meningkatkan outcome setelah mendapat serangan stroke. Penggunaan statin dengan segera menurunkan kadar lipid sehingga dapat meningkatkan outcome dan mengurangi resiko terjadinya stroke. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya efek pleiotropik dari statin. Efek pleiotropik statin antara lain; meningkatkan fungsi endotel melalui penambahan produksi oksida nitrit dan anti oksidan serta efek antikoagulan. Melalui mekanisme inilah peningkatan outcome setelah penggunaan statin dapat terjadi. Selain efek yang disebut di atas ternyata terdapat efek statin yang lain, dimana statin juga memiliki efek imunnomodulator yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan outcome setelah stroke iskemik akut. Pada terbitan edisi ini, BIKDW mengangkat topik yang sangat menarik mengenai penelitian yang berkaitan dengan Peranan obat golongan statin terhadap luaran status fungsional pasien stroke iskemik berulang. Semoga artikel ini dapat memperkaya wawasan dan pengetahuan kita mengenai salah satu peranan statin dalam penanganan penyakit kardiovaskular.
TINGKAT KEBERMAKNAAN HIDUP, GANGGUAN MENTAL & LANSIA
Authors: Lalenoh Leonardo Alfonsius Paulus
Published: July 2019

Kesehatan mental merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang menjadi agenda utama untuk peningkatan status kesehatan secara global. Depresi merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan mental dengan prevalensi yang cukup besar yaitu sebesar 15% untuk tipe berat. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, perempuan memiliki risiko untuk mengalami depresi dua kali lebih besar dibandingkan pria. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti hormon, tingkat stres dan jenis pekerjaan. Berdasarkan umur, depresi dapat terjadi pada segala tingkat usia, namun rata-rata awitan kasus terjadi antara usia 20-50 tahun
Educational Technology and Teacher-Student Technology Competency: a Pathway to Teaching English with Technology
Authors: Anas Ismail
Published: July 2019

This article presents a pathway to teaching English with technology which focuses on the elaboration of three essential approaches; they are 1) the technology tools (TT), 2) the teacher technology competency (TTC), and 3) the student technology competency (STC). Although EFL teachers have wide access to the high-end technology tools, however, their application in instruction will not be successful without being supported by the teacher professional use and student acceptance of the technology. Preparing the EFL teachers for teaching English with technology requires a continuing evaluation regarding the readiness of the technology tools, TTC, and STC. These three approaches should be taken into account seriously to transform TEFL into technology in instruction. The implications for research, teachers, students, practice, curriculum developers, and EFL teacher educator will also be discussed.
Commodities' Preferences and Determinants of Demand Among University Students in Nigeria
Authors: Dahunsi Olusola Joseph
Published: July 2019

The study investigates preferences for commodities and determinants of demand among the students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Out of 140 respondents, 91% reveals that they prefer food items to all other items, 87% preferred academic books and other literature, 78% indicates a preference for credit cards, internet data plans, and other mobile subscriptions. Sixty-six percent (66%) disclosed their preference for hairstyles, 64% preferred clothing and foot wares, 63% preferred to save, 61% preferred mobile devices and technologies and 53% preferred medical care services. However, majority of the respondents reveals less preference for jewellery and cosmetics (69%) as well as parties and entertainments (82%). In addition, the study reveals that there are a number of factors that determine a student's demand for commodities. The study found students’ income as a very important determinant, while prices, taste, time and savings were rated as important determinants of demand among university students in Nigeria.
Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania: Perception of Local Stakeholders
Authors: Sembosi Solomon Jeremiah
Published: July 2019

Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.
Toxicological Safety Assessment of Molluscicides Against Non-target Aquatic Biota; Colisa fasciatus
Authors: Soni Neelam , Singh Vinay Kumar
Published: July 2019

Plants Terminalia arjuna and Tamarindus indica are known to have a significant molluscicidal potential to control the population of vector snails. Since the molluscicides are considered an emerging pollutant and are frequently detected in surface water bodies and found to be a great threat for aquatic biota. Hence, the main objective of this research is to critically evaluate the ectotoxicological and chronic effect of plant-derived molluscicides on other aquatic biotas. With these references this study deals with the safety measurement of molluscicides arjnolic acid, saponin and procynadine from T. arjuna and T. Indica against the fish Colisa fasciatus which share the same habitat with snails. The result of toxicity experiment reveals that fishes showed no mortality against 24h LC90 (against L. acuminata and I. exustus) up to 96h exposure duration. The enzyme bioassays of these molluscicides on the nervous tissue of fish showed no significant effect on key enzymes Acetylcholinesterase, acid and alkaline phosphates activity in comparison to control group of fishes. These results indicated that the application of arjunolic acid, saponin, and procynadine derive from plant T. arjuna and T. indica at its maximum concentration (24h LC90 of L. acuminata and I. exustus) and exposure duration (96h) did not cause any mortality or treatment-related enzymes inactivity in fishes. The study conclusively proved the ecotoxicological and chronic safety of plant-derived molluscicides arjunolic acid, saponin, and procynadine on non-target animals in the aquatic environment.
Desarrollo profesional docente a través de las ecologías de aprendizaje: Perspectivas del profesorado
Authors: Sangrà Albert , Estévez Iris , Iglesias Verónica , Souto-Seijo Alba
Published: July 2019

Vivimos en un mundo cambiante, en una sociedad en la que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) posibilitan nuevas oportunidades de actualización. Este estudio pretende determinar cuáles son las preferencias de formación permanente del profesorado de Educación Primaria. Con ese objetivo, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación de carácter cuantitativo. Los participantes han sido 73 docentes de Educación Primaria. El instrumento empleado ha sido un cuestionario de elaboración propia. Los resultados evidencian tres cuestiones críticas: el cada vez más relevante rol de las TIC en la actualización de la práctica profesional docente, la demanda de una formación formal más ajustada a las necesidades actuales, y la valoración positiva de las posibilidades formativas de los contextos informales de formación en el desarrollo profesional docente.
E-parenting: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Vaquero Tió Eduard , Suárez Perdomo Arminda , Fernández-Rodrigo Laura , Rodrigo López María José , Balsells Bailón Maria Àngels
Published: July 2019

La irrupción de internet en todas las áreas de la vida cotidiana también se ha puesto de manifiesto en la educación parental y familiar. Este artículo presenta una revisión exploratoria y sistemática de la literatura sobre estudios de educación parental online que proceden de investigaciones que han sido publicados principalmente en revistas científicas. Esta revisión pone de manifiesto lo recientes que son las investigaciones en este campo, hecho que constata que están emergiendo nuevos escenarios para el apoyo y desarrollo de prácticas parentales online para las familias, lo que a su vez, abre la puerta tanto a nuevas oportunidades de apoyo y desarrollo del ejercicio de la parentalidad como a nuevas modalidades de intervención y gestión profesionales mediante las TIC.
Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğa Sahip Olan Ailelerin Yaşadıkları Sosyal Sorunlar ve Baş Etme Yolları
Authors: YÜKSEL Hülya , TANRIVERDİ Arzu
Published: July 2019

Betimleyici tipte olan nitel araştırmada Otizm ve Zihinsel
yetersizlikten etkilenmiş çocuğa sahip ailelerin çocuklarının engel durumu ile
ilgili sosyal ilişkilerinde karşılaştıkları sorunların ve bu sorunlarla baş
etme yollarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Malatya ilinde bulunan bir Nisan,
2018 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemi 6 anne ve 4 babadan
oluşmuştur. Anne ve babalarla iki farklı odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır.
Veriler betimsel analiz tekniklerini kullanarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda ortaya çıkan temalar iki ana başlık altında sınıflandırılmıştır:
Sosyal dışlanma ve izolasyon ve baş etme yolları. Sosyal dışlanma ve izolasyon
teması için yedi alt kategori belirlenmiştir. Bu kategorilerden bazıları: Sosyal
kabul ve destek görmeme; bulaşıcı hastalık gibi görülmesi; damgalanma/etiketlenme;
sorunun bireyselleştirilmesidir. Baş etme yolları teması için ise dört alt
kategori belirlenmiştir: Dernekleşme; Özel gereksinimi olan çocuğa sahip diğer
ailelerle sosyalleşme; kamusal alanda görünmez olmaya çalışma; dini değerler. Araştırmanın
verileri değerlendirildikten sonra ailelerin, sosyal izolasyon ve dışlanmayla
baş edebilmeleri için çok yönlü sosyal programlarla desteklenmeleri gerektiği
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Relationship of rock microscopic parameters with the elastic modulus and strength
Authors: Cheng Yanhui , Yang Weijun , He Dongliang
Published: July 2019

The microscopic damage of materials will induce changes in the macroscopic mechanical characteristics of rock material. When simulating engineering problems using the discrete element method, to explore the macroscopic mechanical response of rock material, the microscopic parameters that match the macro material characteristics must be obtained. In this paper, the influence of macroscopic mechanical properties of rock materials is studied through the variation of microscopic parameters, and the quantitative relation between macroscopic parameters of rock material is discussed. The results show that, (1) In accordance with the order of influencing factors, the parameters affecting the elastic modulus of the specimen are parallel bond elastic modulus, particle contact modulus, and parallel bond stiffness ratio. (2) The Poisson’s ratio of the specimen was most influenced by the parallel bond stiffness ratio, and their relation was nonlinear. The influence of parallel bond modulus and friction factor on the Poisson’s ratio was negatively correlated. (3) The effect of particle contact stiffness ratio, parallel bond stiffness ratio, and particle contact modulus on the uniaxial compressive strength was less than that of the particle friction factor.
Numerical analysis of hard rock tunnel excavated by double shield TBM based on CWFS model
Authors: Li Diyuan , Sun Jing , Zhu Quanqi , Xu Xiangyun , Jiao Jian
Published: July 2019

In order to study the mechanical response of a hard rock tunnel excavated by double shield tunnel boring machine (DS-TBM), a numerical method was introduced to simulate the TBM excavating process. The failure modes of surrounding rock mass described based on the cohesion weakening and frictional strengthening (CWFS) Mohr-Coulomb strain-softening criterion. The characteristics of stress field and plastic zone on the cross and longitudinal section of the tunnel were analyzed in detail, and the results were compared with those in the intrinsic condition (when TBM model is not activated). The simulation results indicate that the stress paths at the vault are relatively simple, and the stress concentration caused by excavation unloading is obviously reduced by lining and backfill grouting, while the sidewall is less disturbed by the excavation of TBM. The invert experiences three unloading processes, due to excavation, the contact between the rear shield and the bottom of surrounding rock, as well as backfill grouting at gap between the lining and the rock mass. The vault has a larger plastic zone than the invert, attributing to the geometrical difference between the cutter-head and the front shield, as well as the conicity of the front and rear shields. The area of plastic zones gradually increases along the tunnel route, but it becomes stable after the rear shield.
Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing in transversely isotropic rock masses based on PFC-2D
Authors: Xia Lei , Zeng Yawu
Published: July 2019

In order to make a better understanding of the hydraulic fracturing in transversely isotropic rock masses, the modified particle flow modeling method was used by embedding the smooth joint models within an area of certain thickness, and the optimized fluid-mechanical coupling mechanism was applied in hydraulic fracturing modeling. On this basis, the influence of the injection rates, in-situ stress ratios and inclination angles of the bedding planes on the breakdown pressure and propagation of the hydraulic fractures was analyzed. The simulation indicated that: 1) Excessive small or large injection rates would lead to the increase of the breakdown pressure of the hydraulic fractures. 2) Under different inclination angles of the bedding planes, the crack breakdown pressure increased linearly with the increasing of the in-situ stress ratios. And under conditions of different in-situ stress ratios, the crack breakdown pressure changed as a ‘wave’ type with the increasing inclination angles of bedding planes. 3) Both the in-situ stress ratios and the inclination angle of bedding planes affected the propagation of the hydraulic fractures. The existence of the bedding planes would induce the hydraulic fractures to propagate along the bedding planes. The large inclinations of the bedding planes would cause the hydraulic fractures to keep propagating with the direction of maximum principal stress.
The stability analysis of blasting excavation in short distance on water diversion tunnel underpassing Jinduicheng Molybdenum Mine
Authors: Han Gaosheng , Li Mei , Mei Wanquan
Published: July 2019

To investigate effect induced by blasting in Jinduicheng molybdenum mine on the Dongchuan river diversion tunnel, the tunnel vibration has been monitored. According to the actual conditions, the corresponding numerical simulation is performed in FLAC3D, and dynamic response of the lining and surrounding rock of the diversion tunnel caused by blasting load is analyzed. The variation of vibration velocity in the later stage of tunnel under the action of existing blasting scale is predicted, when the vertical distance between blasting source and diversion tunnel is 50 m, the velocity of tunnel vibration reaches the critical value. The blasting scheme of mine production can be modified according to the practical distance between the explosion source and the diversion tunnel.
Study on the fracture regularity of extra thick and hard roof in “short-face” mining and its blasting weakening technology
Authors: Li Yan , Shi Wenbao , Yin Zhiqiang , Chang Jucai , Fu Jugen
Published: July 2019

Based on the 211113 “short face” of Xinji No. 2 Mine of China Coal Group, this study investigated the weakening regularity of blasting vibration and rock bursting of roof through FLAC3D numerical simulation on the basis of the hard roof fracture regularity through theoretical analysis. The results show that the vibration frequency of the hard roof increases linearly with the increase of the distance from the source, and the vibration amplitude decreases exponentially with the increase of the distance from the source within 20 m from the blasting relief hole. Based on the above results, from the three indexes of controlling the amplitude, frequency and duration of pressure relief blasting vibration, it is proposed that the roof on the 211113 “short face” needs to be controlled by the advanced overlying strata weakening technology, and the parameters of advanced deep hole pre-splitting blasting are optimized. After the roof was weakened by the advanced deep-hole pre-splitting blasting, it can basically fall with mining. The blasting method can effectively avoid the phenomenon of large-area “hanging arch” and effectively prevent the occurrence of rock burst.
Optimal design of protective clothing based on difference equation
Authors: Hu Pan , Tang Heng , Zheng Ling , Fang Ci Jun
Published: July 2019

The temperature distribution and thickness design of high temperature protective clothing are studied in this paper. Based on the data provided by China mathematical modeling competition in 2018. We establish the temperature distribution model and skin layer heat conduction and burn model. The interface continuous conditional difference method, differential iterative method, least squares method and the chasing method are used to solve the given temperature distribution on the protective clothing in the environment, and analyze protective clothing meeting the actual needs.
Vibroimpact mechanism in one separate case
Authors: Ragulskis K. , Ragulskis L.
Published: July 2019

It is known that in the vibroimpact system at the chosen values of parameters linear relationship between impact velocities and eigenfrequencies may exist. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the qualities of the systems of this type. Investigations are performed by analytical and numerical methods. It is determined that in the systems of this type nonlinear solutions with infinite series of harmonics exist. Multivalued stable and unstable regimes do not exist in the systems. The obtained analytical relationships enabled to reveal new qualities of the systems and to make useful conclusions.
The Sinkhole Occurrence Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas for the Historic Salt Mine
Authors: Malinowska Agnieszka , Hejmanowski Ryszard , Guzy Artur , Kwinta Andrzej , Ulmaniec Paweł
Published: July 2019

The present research focuses on the definition of a novel methodology for sinkhole risk assessment above shallow salt mines. The research were carried out on the area above the salt mine, a World Heritage site. The study of vertical stresses on the basis of a theoretical state of rock mass deformation in the area of test chambers was performed. Furthermore, the risk of chamber collapse due to ventricular stress exceeding the limit specified in the zone were calculated based on the arch pressure theory. The final stage of the research consists of spatial analysis that leading to the identification of chambers potentially influenced by other risk factors. The research shown in the article strongly suggests that combined spatial analysis with analysis may lead to reliable sinkhole risk assessment methodology.
Redox Regulation in the Base Excision Repair Pathway: Old and New Players as Cancer Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Rajapakse Aleksandra , Suraweera Amila , Boucher Didier , Naqi Ali , O'Byrne Kenneth , Richard Derek J. , Croft Laura V.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are by-products of normal cellular metabolic processes, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. While low levels of ROS are important signalling molecules, high levels of ROS can damage proteins, lipids and DNA. Indeed, oxidative DNA damage is the most frequent type of damage in the mammalian genome and is linked to human pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Although oxidative DNA damage is cleared predominantly through the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway, recent evidence suggests that additional pathways such as Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Mismatch Repair (MMR) can also participate in clearance of these lesions. One of the most common forms of oxidative DNA damage is the base damage 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which if left unrepaired may result in G:C to A:T transversions during replication, a common mutagenic feature that can lead to cellular transformation.

Objective:

Repair of oxidative DNA damage, including 8-oxoG base damage, involves the functional interplay between a number of proteins in a series of enzymatic reactions. This review describes the role and the redox regulation of key proteins involved in the initial stages of BER of 8-oxoG damage, namely Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1), human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (hOGG1) and human single-stranded DNA binding protein 1 (hSSB1). Moreover, the therapeutic potential and modalities of targeting these key proteins in cancer are discussed.

Conclusion:

It is becoming increasingly apparent that some DNA repair proteins function in multiple repair pathways. Inhibiting these factors would provide attractive strategies for the development of more effective cancer therapies.
Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles as Targeted Anti-angiogenesis Therapeutic and Diagnostic in Cancer
Authors: Rajabi Mehdi , Adeyeye Mary , Mousa Shaker A.
Published: July 2019

:

Targeting angiogenesis in the microenvironment of a tumor can enable suppression of tumor angiogenesis and delivery of anticancer drugs into the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis targeted delivery systems utilizing passive targeting such as Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) and specific receptor-mediated targeting (active targeting) should result in tumor-specific targeting. One targeted anti-angiogenesis approach uses peptides conjugated to nanoparticles, which can be loaded with anticancer agents. Anti-angiogenesis agents can suppress tumor angiogenesis and thereby affect tumor growth progression (tumor growth arrest), which may be further reduced with the targetdelivered anticancer agent. This review provides an update of tumor vascular targeting for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, with conventional or long-circulating nanoparticles decorated with peptides that target neovascularization (anti-angiogenesis) in the tumor microenvironment.
The Effect of Low Dose Oral Vitamin D on Bone Mineral Density Changes in HIV Patients: 36 Months Follow Up
Authors: Dhother Jasreen , Bopitiya Shyamalie , Taha Huda , Das Satyajit
Published: July 2019

Background::

A high incidence of vitamin-D deficiency and abnormal bone mineral
density (BMD) is reported among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients. The
study highlighted the effect of oral low dose vitamin-D replacement in patients with a known vitamin-
D deficiency on the levels of vitamin-D [25 (OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Bone
Mineral Density (BMD) of hip and spine.

Methods::

Patients took a daily low dose of 800IU of vitamin-D. The following details were collected
on all patients: demographics, CD-4 cell count, viral load, fracture risk factors, treatment
history, corrected calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (intact
PTH), vitamin D 25(OH)D, inorganic phosphate and BMD of hip and spine at baseline, 12 and
36 months.

Results::

Our Cohort consisted of 86 patients. Patient details included: mean age 42.8 (+/-7.7)
years, 48 (55%) females 64, (74%) black African, CD-4 count 440.7 (+/-180.8) cells/dL, plasma
VL 1.6 log (+/-2.3) copies/mL, duration of illness 80.9 (34.1) months, duration of exposure to
antiretroviral 65.2 (+/-27.9) months. At baseline, no difference in BMD of hip or spine was observed,
however, a higher PTH (0.001) in patients taking Tenofivir and a lower vitamin-D was noticed
in patients taking Efavirenz.

:

After 36 months, patients on vitamin D replacement (n=44) had a significant increase in vitamin-
D level (15.4 +/-10.4 vs 104.1+/-29.1 p=0.0001), lower PTH (6.3 +/-3.4 vs 4.4 +/-1.4 p=0.0001)
ALP (108.9+/-78.8 vs 90.6+/-45.8 p=0.05) but no change in corrected calcium (2.13 +/-0.1 vs
2.16 +/-0.34 p=0.5) and BMD of spine (1.039+/-0.226 vs.1.027+/-0.211, p=0.77), and BMD of hip
(1.020 +/- 0.205 vs. 1.039, p=0.61). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis that included all
significant variables, vitamin-D replacement independently was associated with increase in vitamin-
D level (OR 2.08, CI 1.03, 4.12, p=0.005), decrease in PTH level (OR 0.53, CI 0.35, 0.82,
p=0.04), but not with change in corrected calcium, alkaline phosphatase, BMD of hip or spine.

Conclusion::

After 36 months of follow up, the replacement of low dose once daily oral vitamin-D
in the treatment experienced HIV infected patients with vitamin-D deficiency can increase vitamin-
D level, reduce PTH level without any change in BMD of spine and hip.
Comparison of 99mTc Injected Activity with Prescribed Activity in Four Types of Nuclear Medicine Exams
Authors: Khan Muhammad Isa , Farwa Umme , Iqbal Tahir , Ali Saadat , Nazir Aalia , Ijaz Mohsin
Published: July 2019

Background:

99mTc is a radioactive isotope that is obtained by eluting a 99Mo/99mTc
generator. (PINSTECH, Islamabad) and used for radionuclide scanning.

Objectives:

The objective of this work is to study the uncertainties in 99mTc activity that exist due to time
delay between injection preparation and administration to patients, during the process of gamma camera
scanning.

Methods:

Lead canisters were used for storing elution vials and dose calibrator for measuring 99mTc
activity in mCi. The activity of preparing 99mTc injection and its administration to patients were compared
with the prescribed values of activity recommended in the Society of Nuclear Medicine procedure
guidelines.

Results:

This study showed that uncertainty in the activity existed in one thyroid patient, 38 bone patients,
5 renal patients and 45 cardiac patients.

Conclusion:

This uncertainty in activity exists due to time delay between injection preparation and administration
to patients, as well as due to residual radionuclide that is not injected into patients and remains
in the syringe.
Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Network Life Enhancement in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lodhi Amairullah K. , Rukmini M. Santhi S. , Abdulsattar Syed
Published: July 2019

Background:

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of autonomous nodes
consist of sensors to collect the status of the surrounding environment. These nodes are equipped
with limited batteries. One cannot recharge or replace the batteries of the nodes during the mission,
as the applications of WSNs include in underwater, forest driven and mountain based.

Objective:

Thus available energy must be utilized effectively. Energy efficient routing is one of the
primary sources of energy management. Cluster-based routing in WSN is a prevalent method to
achieve network performance and energy efficiency. In literature, the number of cluster-based energy
efficient routing protocols and their route selection metric is designed based on the residual status
of node energy. However, this metric causes some of the intermediate nodes to drain energy instantly.
In wireless networks this situation roots intermediate nodes to turn into a bottleneck node, and
thereby performance degradation in terms of efficiency and packet delivery caused.

Methods:

Thus our paper aims to design a cluster based routing protocol to prevent the creation of
intermediate bottleneck node. We introduce a novel routing metric called “ranking status” for the
bottleneck problem.

Results:

Performances results indicate that the proposed routing protocol prevents the creation of
intermediate bottleneck node, and improve the network's performance.
Use of Agricultural Residues in Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Production
Authors: Oosterkamp Willem J.
Published: July 2019

:

There are large amounts of manure and crop residues that could be used for the generation
of renewable energy. Anaerobic Digestion [AD] converts the easily degraded part of these materials
into bio-methane and other gases. Bio-methane can be used for the generation of heat and electricity.
Only combinations of manure slurries and crop residues are economic substrates for AD. Crop residues
are lignocellulosic materials that need to be macerated for efficient conversion into biogas.

:

Methane yields for different straw lengths and energy requirements for maceration were compiled.
The need for sufficient bioavailable micronutrients was established and methane yields for combinations
of manure slurries and straw are given. Harvesting methods for crop residues are discussed and
a model is developed for the effective organic matter in the effluent of the AD plant.

:

AD of straw and manures is, with the present subsidies, economic only where AD is done in cooperatives
with the members delivering straw and manure and taking back the effluent.

:

The large scale of AD of manures and crop residues requires reductions in the costs of harvesting
transport and storage of crop residues and a solution to the phosphate surplus in the regions with a
large concentration of animals.