bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canada and the Challenges of Cyberspace Governance and Security
Authors: Deibert Ron
Published: August 2024

When Canada stood with the United States and Britain in refusing to sign on to a new, statecontrolled future for the Internet, at December’s World Conference on Information Technology, it certainly made the federal government appear to be a stalwart champion of Internet freedom. But in reality, Canada’s approach to cyberspace governance and security has, at best, sent mixed signals about our commitment to Internet freedom. At worst, it has actually contributed to increasing on-line censorship and surveillance by the very undemocratic and illiberal regimes that Canada voted against at the conference. Unfortunately this is a dangerous time for Canada to wallow in aimlessness: when it comes to cyberspace governance and security, the momentum is headed in the direction of greater state control. As demographic realities indicate, Internet usage will increasingly belong to the global South and East, where freedom is an unsettled and elusive concept. If Canada truly seeks to guard against the Internet falling captive to the controls sought by repressive regimes, such as those in China and Russia, it will have to offer the world a compelling, competing vision that demonstrates integrity and dedication to genuine Internet freedom. Among other things, that means moving beyond traditional top-down, state-centred models of security, which are a poor fit for a decentralized, global, publicly shared, but largely privately developed, communications network. Imposing conventional, state led policing frameworks on cyberspace — for instance, in the name of fighting cyber crime — only provides legitimacy to regimes abroad when they bring their own state powers to censor Internet communications. It also means thinking more carefully about how much we should tolerate our Canadian technology developers continuing to supply tools of repression to the foreign regimes who seek to dominate their own people. Canada has the potential to take on a leadership role in showing the world what it means to truly stand for freedom in cyberspace. But providing global leadership will require that our own government commits to reducing state controls and surveillance here at home, encouraging greater transparency and checks on state power over the Internet, while enhancing privacy protections. Ultimately, the only way the Canadian government can truly help preserve and promote a decentralized and unfettered Internet for the world’s future is to demonstrate that it is genuinely committed to promoting the same thing here at home.
Something Has to Give: Why Delays Are the New Reality of Canada’s Defence Procurement Strategy
Authors: Sloan Elinor
Published: August 2024

Recent waves of political controversy over military procurement programs, most notably the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project, are symptoms of an ongoing and increasingly strategic choice Canada is making in the way it equips its military. From the failure to settle on a design for the Arctic/Offshore Patrol Ship (which had an originally planned delivery date of 2013), to the un-awarded contracts for new fixed-wing search and rescue aircraft (initially anticipated nearly a decade ago) and the incomplete Integrated Soldier-System Project (once expected to be active by this year); to the delay in cutting the steel for the Joint Support Ship (initial delivery planned for 2012) needed to replace vessels that are now being decommissioned, Canadians are witnessing the results of a new philosophy behind the government’s procurement process. Canadian governments have always insisted on industrial and regional benefits for Canada when buying military equipment. But the massive defence spending promised under the 2008 Canada First Defence Strategy exacerbated this approach. The emphasis has now formally been placed on favouring industrial benefits for Canada in defence acquisitions, while heightened political cautiousness has placed a higher priority on ensuring maximum value for taxpayer money with a zero tolerance for mistakes environment.A relatively small Canadian defence budget has put pressure on military officials to be creative about ordering new equipment — in some cases, perhaps too creative. Officials have taken to commissioning vehicles and equipment that are more versatile and are capable of carrying out more than their traditional functions. In certain instances, this has meant wish lists that cannot be fulfilled in the expected time frame, or even at all. This is the case, for example, with the Joint Support Ship, which went from a plan for new refuelling and replenishment ships to one for vessels that could also provide a command and control centre for forces ashore and sealift for ground forces, including space for helicopters on deck, making this ship unique. Another example of where fiscal prudence has resulted in procurement complications is in the Canadian Surface Combatant project: here, the Navy is trying to use a common hull for both frigates and destroyers to generate savings in crewing, training, maintenance and logistics. Often, the demand for more versatility and the need to stretch spending have led to plans for equipment that do not yet exist and are so technologically ambitious that industry cannot deliver what the Canadian government requires, as has happened with the highly problematic Maritime Helicopter Project.
Prioritizing Defence Industry Capabilities: Lessons for Canada from Australia
Authors: Stone J. Craig
Published: August 2024

A number of Canadian acquisition announcements over the past few years have generated significant debate about a variety of issues like whether or not Canada should have a separate procurement agency, whether or not industrial and regional benefits are appropriate and whether or not Canadian companies should be given preference over international companies. In discussions about improving our procurement process Australia is often used as an example because the nations are generally considered to be similar in size with respect to GDP, population and military. This study examines Australia’s approach to establishing a defence industry policy with a set of Priority Industry Capabilities and how that policy connects with military procurement in order to identify those lessons that might be useful for Canada as it seeks to improve its own procurement process and its relationship with the defence industry. The study looks at some important background information on the Australian experience and then looks more specifically at the most recent articulation of policies in Australia. Although Australia is not without its own challenges, there are a number of lessons that stand out for Canada. This study discusses the lessons for Canada and recommends that government spends the time and effort required to connect a series of related policy documents that provides industry and others with an articulation of what the government of the day intends to do and what their priorities are moving forward. It also recommends a holistic review of the entire procurement process to determine what is working well and what actually needs fixing would be useful.
Mining Taxation in Colombia
Authors: Chen Duanjie , Perry Guillermo
Published: August 2024

This paper first assesses the current Colombian mining tax-and-royalty regime in comparison with other countries from the points of view of efficiency, competitiveness and revenue performance. It then discusses the theoretical convenience of introducing alternative designs for a resource rent tax (RRT) to be applied to new mining projects, together with a reduced common royalty rate for all minerals, and simulates their potential efficiency, competitiveness and revenue-performance effects. In particular, it examines alternative interactions between the RRT, the royalty regime and the corporate income tax (royalties creditable against the RRT or deductible from its tax base; accepting or not corporate income tax deductibility from the RRT tax base), under alternative RRT tax rates. It also discusses alternative capital return allowances and the pros and cons of project-by-project versus sectorial ring fencing, and sharing RRT revenues between the national and sub-national governments. It concludes with a detailed blueprint for reform based on these discussions, assessments and simulations, as well as political economy and administrative considerations for the specific case of Colombia.Este trabajo evalúa la eficiencia, competitividad y capacidad de recaudo del régimen tributario y de regalías colombiano en comparación con el de otros países mineros relevantes. Posteriormente, propone la implementación de un “Resource Rent Tax” (RRT) para proyectos mineros futuros (junto con una reducción y unificación de la tasa de regalías entre minerales) y modela el impacto que tendría éste sobre la eficiencia y el recaudo. Se examinan la interacción entre el RRT, las regalías y el impuesto de renta bajo distintos diseños y tasas de RRT y costo de oportunidad del capital. También se analiza si es preferible tener “ringfencing” a nivel de proyecto o a nivel sectorial. El trabajo concluye con una propuesta de reforma junto con consideraciones administrativas y políticas para una exitosa implementación.
Improving the Acquisition Process in Canada
Authors: Stone J. Craig
Published: August 2024

Flaws in Canada’s military procurement processes are a perennial burden on both government and industry. The release of the Defence Procurement Strategy this year signified Ottawa’s inclination toward change.  Among other things, the DPS promises to consult industry and outside experts earlier, create a specialist acquisition branch within Public Works & Government Services Canada and use military equipment projects to generate domestic jobs and growth. The DPS is a good start, but more focused solutions are required. The defence market has too few buyers and sellers to be truly competitive — especially in Canada. Government must share information with industry at every step, clearly and comprehensively, if Canadian firms are to win contracts fairly, keeping the economic benefits at home.  A sweeping, end-to-end review of procurement is also required to identify current practices that work and others in need of improvement. Preliminary cost estimates can’t be too firm because prices shift as projects develop, and all too often, capabilities are downgraded in response. Government has to be transparent about how far into the future lifecycle costs run, or stop trying to establish them altogether, so as to avoid the consequences of embarrassingly unrealistic assessments. A separate procurement organization should also be established outside of the DND and PWGSC to make better use of the people with the skills to run complex military procurement projects. Canada’s military procurement system is not as broken as its most strident critics allege, but it is coming under increasing fiscal and policy pressures. This brief fleshes out the issues that would-be reformers should take into account and surveys procedures among allied nations to offer a roadmap for change.
Mind the Gap: Dealing with Resource Revenue in Three Provinces
Authors: Kneebone Ronald D.
Published: August 2024

Alberta, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador have each enjoyed a “rags to riches” story. Each of these provinces entered Confederation as poor cousins relative to the rest of the country; Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905 and Newfoundland and Labrador in 1949. Rather remarkably, almost exactly four decades after entering Confederation each province began to enjoy the strong economic growth resulting from the development of their natural resources; Alberta and Saskatchewan in the late 1940s with the discovery of large pools of oil and Newfoundland and Labrador in the early 1990s with the development of off-shore oil. The governments of these provinces have similarly enjoyed the benefits of large amounts of revenue realized from the sale of these natural resources. In 2013-14, resource revenues accounted for 21 per cent, 22 per cent and 32 per cent of provincial revenues in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, respectively. Unfortunately, the benefit of receiving large amounts of resource revenue must be weighed against two costs. The first is that these revenues, having flowed into provincial coffers without the need to impose high tax rates on citizens, are easily spent. The second cost is that the prices of resources are determined in international markets and so a significant amount of the revenues of these provinces is largely unpredictable and often volatile. All three provinces have fallen prey to the temptation to allow a large fiscal gap to open between the costs of providing health care, education, social assistance and other areas of provincial responsibility and the taxes imposed on citizens to pay for these services. Doing so has put all three provinces at financial risk should resource prices fall. Using a newly constructed data set spanning the period 1970 to 2014, I review the history of how Alberta and Saskatchewan have dealt with commodity price shocks and what this has meant for provincial finances. With that history as background, I review the response of the government of Newfoundland and Labrador to the flood of revenue it has received over the past decade as a result of the development of off-shore oil fields. The evidence is clear that Newfoundland and Labrador has adopted the same high-risk budgeting strategy as Alberta and Saskatchewan; a strategy that has seen the province choose to fund health care, education and social assistance using revenues that are unreliable and unpredictable. As Newfoundland and Labrador prepares for the release of its budget for 2015-16, it must begin to deal with the effect on its revenues of a dramatic fall in oil prices, a historically large budget deficit and a threat to the financial viability of its health, education and social assistance programs.
The Recession’s Impact on Canada’s Labour Market
Authors: Cross Philip
Published: August 2024

Canadians have heard concerns from news reports and economists that the last recession accelerated the rise of a contingent labour force made up of precarious part-time, contract, temporary or self-employed workers. But the evidence contradicts that. The share of those jobs has not increased significantly and, anyway, the vast majority of people who work part time do so voluntarily, not for lack of other options. Meanwhile, self-employment is growing as a lifestyle choice among older Canadians, especially in the strongest provincial economies. Given workers’ demand for part-time work and self-employment, we should worry not about the rise of these kinds of jobs, but whether the economy is creating enough of them to ensure maximum labour participation for the students and older workers who would prefer to have them. Currently, it is not. Increasing labour force participation by youths poses unique challenges in Canada. In Ontario, youth unemployment has never been higher, while in recent years in Alberta, unemployment has never been lower. And yet, these underutilized workers are largely immobile: although, historically, Canada has had a remarkably mobile labour force, these youths seem lately unwilling to go to where the jobs are, reducing the efficiency of Canada’s labour market. In the meantime, while immigration has been a key part of replenishing our aging labour pool, immigrants still tend to migrate to Toronto and Montreal, while at the same time their workforce participation rates have diminished. There is nothing to suggest that this regional employment imbalance will correct itself at a different point in the business cycle. Unlike in the U.S., manufacturing jobs are still a powerful force in the Central Canadian economy, but these jobs are not growing, and will likely not grow in the future, as manufacturers now rely more on automation and boosting productivity. What is more, evidence suggests that employers often do not regard today’s youths as reasonable substitutes for older workers approaching retirement. They are seen as lacking the right skills, which may indicate that our post-secondary system is not effectively serving the labour market. In the meantime, Alberta and Saskatchewan have had to become more innovative in managing the reality of tighter labour markets. Those provinces now boast higher participation rates among older workers, and employees willing to work longer weeks than workers elsewhere. There still remain untapped labour pools among aboriginals, the disabled, and non-participating mothers, which Western businesses (and others) could and should find better ways to mobilize. Still, it is nevertheless alarming that, while the West continues to search for workers, young people in Central Canada sit unemployed, many of them not even adding greater skill development, while their futures become increasingly uncertain.
Extractive Resource Governance: Creating Maximum Benefit for Countries
Authors: Jordison Shantel
Published: August 2024

In April of 2013 The School of Public Policy hosted a three-day, invitation-only symposium to discuss best practices in extractive-resource governance. The symposium, which consisted of five panel sessions and three keynote addresses, fostered an open debate and lively interaction among participants from university, industry, government and nongovernmental organizations. By providing a neutral and open platform for discussion, the symposium’s primary goal was to build common lines of communication around policy gaps related to fiscal governance, regulatory frameworks and community development in extractive-resource-producing jurisdictions and to develop strategies for bridging them. Twelve countries were represented, including: Albania, Australia, Canada, Colombia, Indonesia, Israel, Ghana, Nigeria, Norway, the Republic of Congo, the United Kingdom and the United States. This paper encompasses the leading thoughts and ideas discussed at the symposium and highlights points of general consensus or conflicting views. It concludes by introducing the Extractive Resource Governance Program, developed by The School of Public Policy to provide regulatory and policy education, research and analysis to jurisdictions with emerging or established extractive resources.
The Impact of Converting Federal Non-Refundable Tax Credits Into Refundable Credits
Authors: Simpson Wayne , Stevens Harvey
Published: August 2024

With economic inequality on the rise in Canada, the federal government needs to consider innovative solutions. One possibility for improving the tax-transfer system involves refundable tax credits (RTCs). Making all tax credits refundable wouldn’t require Ottawa to introduce new tax measures; the Canadian tax system already contains a mix of RTCs and NRTCs, so the government could simply continue its practice of designing tax credit programs to be refundable. Using Statistics Canada’s Social Policy Simulation Database and Model, this paper examines the impacts and cost of converting NRTCs to RTCs, with and without an income exemption equal to 25 percent of the before-tax lowincome standard for a census family, the Census Family Low-Income Line. Under the Option Without Exemption (OW/OE), RTC recipients are taxed at a single rate of 15 percent, regardless of family size, right up to the Line. Under the Option With Exemption (OWE), RTC recipients are taxed at zero percent up to 25 percent of the Line and at a single rate of 20 percent, regardless of family size, up to 100 percent of the Line. The incremental cost of switching NRTCs to RTCs under the OW/OE is $6.6 billion, as additional benefits are provided to 6.4 million families — slightly less than 37 percent of all families. The cost of the OWE is $7.2 billion, as benefits flow to slightly more families — 6.45 million. However, the percentage of benefits reaching low-income families is much higher under the OWE (69 percent vs. 49 percent). Additionally, the OWE provides an average of nine percent more RTC benefits to low-income tax filers, making it clearly the superior option for poverty reduction. Moreover, the paper shows that alternative conversion schemes that set benefit reduction rates to differ by family size can further increase the benefits to low-income families at a lower overall cost. Such changes would elicit a labour-supply response in terms of a reduction in hours worked, and while the effect is smaller under the less expensive OW/OE, the difference between the two options is slight. This paper simulates the conversion of NRTCs to RTCs in comprehensive detail, besides providing practical advice on how such a shift would be funded. It offers valuable food for thought on an issue that is increasingly critical to Canadian society.
An Energy Strategy for Canada
Authors: Moore Michal C.
Published: August 2024

Canada is struggling to fully develop, sell and move its energy resources. This is a dramatic change from the recent past where the U.S. has provided stable growth in demand for energy supplied by the provinces, from hydrocarbons to electricity. Current circumstances now challenge this relationship, adding environmental, policy and economic hurdles that exacerbate the impact of fluctuations in world demand and pricing. In addition, competitive interaction between provinces, aboriginal land owners and special interest groups complicate and compound the issues of royalty returns, regulatory authority and direction, land-use management and long-term market opportunities for Canadian companies. There is no strategic document guiding the country’s energy future. As the steward of one of the largest, most diverse and valuable energy "banks" in the world, Canada has a unique opportunity to exploit a critical and valuable economic niche in the world economy. Given the lack of federal leadership and the tendency for each province to undercut each other in the same marketplace, there is also the distinct possibility the nation will squander the opportunity. This document offers the rationale for a comprehensive energy strategy, literally a vision where Canada can lead and not follow opportunities in energy markets. This strategic approach to energy systems by definition will include transportation, housing, employment and financial markets. It is not a plan, not a foil for tax or policy guidance in one or more sectors. This strategy is a fundamental rail on which plans, tactics and policies can be built. This vision identifies how the provinces can work together using all the tools available to them, maximizing long-term resource development while minimizing environmental damage. This document assumes there can be a broad commitment and effort by the federal government to help build those tools, providing guidance and assistance where needed without obstructing or denying the fundaments of the Canadian Constitution, First Nations people, and the role of provinces in managing the resources within their borders. This recommended energy strategy highlights changes occurring in world markets that threaten successful, coherent energy policy development in the absence of a unifying strategy. This strategy highlights the need to look ahead, understand these changes, and create adaptive, unifying processes that will provide longterm economic and geopolitical stability using energy as the common denominator for Canada's future.
PREDICTIVE MODELLING FOR DIABETES USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Rachakonda Shriya Aishani , Pudipedi Srinidhi , Angel T.S. Shiny
Published: August 2024

Diabetes is a prevalent and long-lasting medical disorder that has significant consequences for health. It is important to diagnose diabetes promptly and accurately in order to effectively manage it. This study use machine learning algorithms to forecast the occurrence of diabetes by analyzing a dataset obtained from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Important diagnostic characteristics such as the count of pregnancies, insulin levels, age, body mass index (BMI), and other health measurements are used. We utilize various supervised learning classification methods, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees, k-Nearest Neighbours (k- NN), and Random Forest, in order to create a reliable predictive model. The study entails thorough data preprocessing, meticulous feature selection, and rigorous model training to guarantee the precision and dependability of predictions. Performance indicators, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1- score, and the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC), are employed to assess the efficacy of each algorithm. The objective of this research is to enhance the identification and treatment of diabetes at an early stage, hence enhancing the effectiveness of healthcare interventions. This effort aims to enhance predictive modelling in the field of diabetes using advanced machine learning techniques. Key Words: Diabetes Prediction, Machine Learning, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, k- Nearest Neighbours, Random Forest, Predictive Modelling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
‘CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM’ & PROSTHODONTICS- A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Rani.P Dr.Sudha , Bathala Dr.LakshmanaRao , Kondaka Dr.Sudheer , Snakeerthana.V Dr.Lalitha , Nandika Dr.Naga  Sowmya , Madhuri. Dr.Ch
Published: August 2024

Deficiencies in the metabolism of carbohydrates can result in a variety of oral health problems that directly affect the course of prosthodontic treatment. Disorders related to carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetes mellitus, glycogen storage diseases, galactosemia, and insulin resistance, have significant implications for both systemic and oral health. These disorders can complicate prosthodontic treatments by affecting periodontal health, wound healing, and the stability of prosthetic devices. Understanding and managing these metabolic disorders are crucial for ensuring successful outcomes in prosthodontics. As such very less literature is available on the role of Carbohydrate metabolism on Prosthodontic treatment. Hence this narrative review aimed to discuss the role of Carbohydrate metabolism, its significance in dental and general health and its effect on prosthodontic treatments. Key Words: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glycolysis; Prosthodontic Treatment; Disorders related to Carbohydrate Metabolism.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Girişimcilik Eğiliminin Öz-yeterlik ve Kişilik Özellikleriyle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Günar Begüm Gökçe , Bavlı Özhan
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri ile kişilikleri ve öz yeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek. Araştırmaya üniversitenin farklı bölümlerinde öğrenim gören toplam 250 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak girişimcilik, proaktif kişilik ve genel öz yeterlilik ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programı kullanıldı. Analiz sonucunda katılımcıların ölçeklerden aldıkları puanların ortalama puanların üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu puanlar cinsiyete göre karşılaştırıldığında proaktif kişilik puanları dışında diğer ölçek puanlarının da erkekler lehine anlamlı farklılık yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların okudukları bölümlere göre yapılan karşılaştırmada istatistiksel olarak bir fark bulunamadı. Ölçek puanları arasındaki ilişkilerin analizi sonucunda tüm ölçek puanlarının birbiriyle pozitif yönde ilişkilere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak öğrencilere girişimcilik özelliklerini artıracak ve genel öz yeterlilik düzeylerine olumlu etki yapacak seminer, kurs vb. etkinliklerin sunulmasının bu özelliklerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı söylenebilir.
Դալմայի հնձանի 2023 թ. պեղումների արդյունքները / THE RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS IN THE
DALMA WINEPRESS IN 2023
Authors: NALBANDYAN ARMAN
Published: August 2024

Dalma Gardens are located in the area of Kentron, Ajapnyak, Malatia-Sebastia administrative districts of Yerevan, RA, on the right bank of the Hrazdan River, in front of Aygedzor quarter, in the enclosed area between Kilikia district, Leningradyan street, Monte Melkonyan highway, Isakov avenue, and Malatia private houses, about 950 m above sea level. Dalma was the largest and oldest among the 700 famous orchards of Yerevan in the 80s and 90s of the 19th century.
It used to occupy a large territory. Beginning with the hill of Tcitcernakaberd, it extended to Zvartnots. In the 19th century, the garden occupied 790 hectares, of which 533 hectares were the territory of the park itself. Currently, it occupies an area of 204.01 ha.
In the gardens of Dalma, the "Scientific research centre of historical and cultural heritage" carried out excavations according to the contract concluded with the private company "Adamium". After excavating several exploratory wells in the area of the construction site, the works were concentrated in one of the 19th century winepresses (N 40010'42', E 44028'56'), where, according to the initial agreement, restoration works were planned.
Ախթալայի Սուրբ Աստվածածին վանքը նոր շրջանի նկարագրություններում / THE MONASTERY AKHTALAI ST. ASTVACACIN OF GOD IN THE NEW DISTRICT DESCRIPTIONS
Authors: TARVERDIAN HETUM
Published: August 2024

The Monastery Holy Mother of God of Akhtala stands out in the Caucasus, not only because of its frescoes, which are the only ones that have been so preserved in the entire Caucasus, but also because it is the largest monastery in the entire region bearing the name of the Mother of God. Being built in the 12th century, it passed into the hands of Armenian Chalcedonians, Georgians, Greeks and Russians at different times. It is known that in 1801 by the emperor's proclamation of Russian emperor Alexander A., it became the Mother Temple of the Greeks in the entire Caucasus, as the center. Akhtala or Pghndzahanq was one of the important mining centers of the Caucasus. and from the 12th century onwards, foreign conquerors first tried to take possession of the monastery first, and then the new mines, because taking possession of the monastery meant taking possession of the whole area.
Pengaruh Lama Fermentasi Probiotik Primago Terhadap Pertumbuhan Mutlak Ikan Nila (Oreochomis Niloticus)
Authors: Taufiq Muhammad , Rahmaningsih Sri
Published: August 2024

Probiotik primago suatu probiotik yang dapat memberikan pengaruh menguntungkan terhadap inang dan lingkungan dengan cara memperbaiki keseimbangan mikroba saluran pencernaan dan lingkungan dengan kandungan bakteri Basillus sp, Lactobacillus sp, Acetobacter sp, Rhodopseudomonas sp, Nitrobacter, Saccharomyces, Actinomycetes  dan Mineral & Vitamin Mix. Survival rate ialah persentase dari total keseluruhan ikan yang hidup saat pemeliharaan dibagi total ikan pada awal masa pemeliharaan. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil penggunaan probiotik primago pada pakan dengan lama fermentasi yang berbeda pada survival rate ikan nila (Oreochomis Niloticus). Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dan rancangan percobaan yang di gunakan adalah RAL serta analisa data menggunakan ANOVA dengan 3 kali ulangan dan 3 perlakuan yaitu A (lama fermentasi 9 hari), B (lama fermentasi 6 hari), C (lama fermmentasi 3 hari) dan D (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa perlakuan A  dengan pemberian probiotik primago dengan lama fermentasi 9 hari (17,2 gram) dan kemudian diikuti perlakuan B pemberian probiotik primago dengan lama fermentasi 6 hari (22 gram) dan perlakuan C pemberian probiotik primago dengan lama fermentasi 3 hari (18,3 gram), sedangkan perlakuan D (kontrol) tanpa penambahan probiotik primago  (1,7 gram). Dari data tersebut dilakukan uji ANOVA yang menyatakan bahwa Fhitung = 66,61 > FTabel 5% = 4,76, dapat diasumsikan penambahan probotik primago dalam pakan sangat berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila (Oreochomis Niloticus).
Flipped Classroom Learning dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nurfalah Edy , Ansori Muhammad Miftahur Rizal
Published: August 2024

Flipped classroom learning has become an increasingly popular educational innovation, especially in the context of mathematics education. This article aims to systematically review the existing literature on the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model in improving mathematics concept understanding skills among students. Through this review, we identify the approaches, advantages, challenges and learning outcomes produced by the flipped classroom method. The results of the review indicate that flipped classroom learning has significant potential in improving mathematical concept understanding, although there are some challenges that need to be addressed in its implementation.
Menata Profesi Guru: Membentuk Guru Profesional Berkarakter di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Nuraisah Siti , Yuniati Suci , Rahmi Depriwana , Kurniati Annisah
Published: August 2024

In the era of globalization, the key role of the teaching profession is to shape the character of the next generation. This research highlights the importance of structuring the teaching profession to build strong and ethical character. Professional teachers must be responsive to global challenges to provide quality education. The implementation of character-driven teaching is reflected in their daily use of competencies, including in pedagogical, social, professional, and personal domains. The aim of this research is to discuss strategies for enhancing the professionalism and character of teachers. The method used is literature review with a qualitative approach. The primary strategy for building professional teachers with character in the era of globalization is through education. Education is not just about transferring knowledge, but also shaping attitudes, values, and positive behaviors in students. Teachers' teaching activities, from planning to evaluation, reflect professionalism in applying various competencies. Thus, this research emphasizes that efforts to build quality character in the era of globalization are not only about changing the learning paradigm but also represent a long-term investment for a sustainable and comprehensive future.
DEMONSTRATIVE TOT IN THE HISTORY OF THE PRESENT STATE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE BY PIOTR TOLSTOY
Authors: SKRIPKA VERONIKA K.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the use of the demonstrative pronoun tot in the language of The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire (manuscript BAN, 31.3.22), which was translated by Piotr Tolstoy from Italian at the beginning of the 18 th century. The examples of tot are grouped by syntactic and semantic functions and compared to the Italian original. While some Italian-Russian parallels for other demonstratives are merely constant (such as quello - onyj , questo - sei , tale , tanto - takoj ), the demonstrative tot can be used to translate any Italian anaphoric demonstrative, which indicates that it was being unmarked as a means of anaphora. The noun + tot group often serves as the equivalent of a noun with a definite article, but in these cases an antecedent can be found in the preceding text and therefore the demonstrative is a means of anaphora; if an antecedent cannot be found, the translator has to use another grammar construction. This implies that the demonstrative tot was not a complete analogue of the definite article. In many cases tot does not have a corresponding demonstrative in the Italian text: the fact that reveals the various grammatical functions of tot . For example, as a determiner, it is widely used in the Russian text to translate different Italian syntactic constructions; some adverbial collocations and compound conjunctions with tot are used to translate Italian adverbs and conjunctions that do not contain demonstratives.
MO DELS OF EXPRESSING SIMILARITY IN THEOPHRASTUS’ ΠΕΡῚ ΛΙΘΩΝ
Authors: PARKHAEVA MARIA  P.
Published: August 2024

The paper presents a research on the modes of resemblance expression in Theophrastus’ treatise Περὶ λίθων ( On Stones ). These modes are divided into two main groups: lexico-syntactic means and morphological derivation. The first mode group includes the usage of the following: conjunctions (ὥσπερ, καθάπερ, ὡς, καί), simple adjectives representing likeness (ὅμοιος, παρόμοιος, παραπλήσιος, ἐμφερής, ἡλίκος), pronouns with the same meaning (ὁ αὐτός, τοιοῦτος, ἄμφω), adverbs (ὁμοίως, παραπλησίως, ὡσαύτως, ὅσον, οἵον), verbs (ἐξομοιόω, μιμέομαι) and special constructions having a negative sense (μηδὲν διαφέρει, οὐ πόρρω + Gen.). The second mode group includes the usage of adjectives with suffixes -ώδης, -ειδής or -ωψ and usage of compound adjectives indicating size (τετράπηχυς, τρίπηχυς, χειροπλη-θής). The modes of resemblance expression in the stone names are also discussed. This idea can be revealed there not only in suffixes -ώδης / -ειδής, but also in metaphors, represented both by diminutive suffix (-ιον), substantivisation (e.g. ἀδάμας, oἱ τίκτοντες), substantivisation of a metaphorical compound (πυρόμαχος) and pure change of meaning (ἰός). The most common way to express resemblance in Περὶ λίθων is using conjunctions and simple adjectives. The wide range of adjectives with -ώδης and -ειδής is a peculiar feature of ancient scientific treatises and particularly of Theophrastus’ works. Such a diversity of comparisons displays not only Theophrastus’ writing talent, but also his intention to create a system of accurate visual stone descriptions.
Membingkai Satwa Primata Indonesia dalam Tiga Pilar: Biologi, Konservasi, Biomedis
Authors: Kuswanda Wanda , Hasanah Rizka , Maulana Vallen Sakti , Dharma Agus Pambudi , Papu Adelfia , Ario Anton , Sulistiawati Erni , Wijayanto Hery , Andrian Krisna Noli , Farida Mia Nur , Hidayatik Nanik , Notosoediro Pristiani Nurantika , Gallantiswara Putu Cri Devischa , Syafutra Randi , Ruskhanidar Ruskhanidar , Saroyo Saroyo , Mariya Silmi , Abimanyu Tommy Langgeng , Artama Wayan Tunas , Wirdateti Wirdateti , Putri Zulfitra Utami
Published: August 2024

Indonesia adalah negara mega-biodiversity yang dianugerahi dengan tingginya keanekaragaman jenis primata, yaitu peringkat ketiga di dunia setelah Brazil dan Madagaskar. Di seluruh kepulauan Nusantara, kita dapat menjumpai berbagai jenis primata eksotis mulai dari kera besar, monyet ekor panjang, monyet daun, hingga primata yang terkecil seperti tarsius. Beberapa jenis primata tersebut juga merupakan hewan endemik, yaitu satwa yang mendiami suatu wilayah dan tidak ditemukan di daerah lain. Ironisnya, sebagian besar jenis primata Indonesia ini dalam status terancam punah akibat ulah predator yang merupakan kerabatnya sendiri, manusia. Perlu adanya suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan kepedulian terhadap kelestarian primata Indonesia, yang tentunya dimulai dengan mengetahui dan mengenalnya.
Buku Membingkai Satwa Primata Indonesia dalam Tiga Pilar: Biologi, Konservasi, Biomedis mengenalkan, membahas, dan menginformasikan berbagai topik tentang pilar biologi, konservasi, dan biomedis primata Indonesia yang bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan hidup umat manusia. Buku ini dapat memberikan manfaat tidak hanya bagi periset atau pegiat primatologi, tetapi juga bagi masyarakat luas sebagai sarana memperkenalkan dan menginformasikan betapa luar biasanya kekayaan satwa primata Indonesia.
BAB 6. Monyet Ekor Panjang: Kecerdasan dan Kemampuan Membaca Situasi
Authors: Wijayanto Hery , Artama Wayan Tunas , Farida Mia Nur , Gallantiswara Putu Cri Devischa , Andrian Krisna Noli
Published: August 2024

Monyet ekor panjang (MEP) atau Macaca fascicularis selama ini dikenal sebagai spesies non-human primate yang paling sukses dalam survival. Kesuksesan survival MEP didukung tidak hanya kemampuan mereka beradaptasi dengan beragam habitat, tetapi juga kemampuan mereka dalam merespon dengan cepat setiap situasi dan kondisi yang berubah mendadak. Fakta kemampuan MEP mempelajari situasi, kondisi, serta merespon dengan cepat dalam tulisan ini diperoleh dari pengamatan dilapangan dan dibahas dengan membandingkan laporan beberapa peneliti terdahulu. Hasil pengamatan terhadap kemampuan belajar MEP, diketahui bahwa informasi baru dalam suatu kelompok MEP menyebar dengan cepat ke semua anggota kelompok, bahkan ada hipotesa, hal baru tersebut menyebar ke kelompok yang berdekatan. Bahkan, kehadiran predator yang diletakkan dalam sebuah akuarium di dekat MEP, dalam hitungan menit dapat diketahui predator tersebut tidak berbahaya, karena ada di dalam wadah dan tidak bisa keluar. Lebih jauh, kita tidak pernah menyadari bahwa hak istimewa yang diterima oleh pejantan dominan ternyata diikuti dengan tanggung jawab besar yaitu menyelamatkan anggota kelompok dari bahaya, seperti fakta yang kami dapatkan di kelompok MEP yang hidup di sekitar Pura Puncak Mundi, Nusa Penida Bali.
BAB 7. Sel Punca Dewasa: Mamosfir Asal Monyet Ekor Panjang
Authors: Mariya Silmi
Published: August 2024

Kelenjar susu mengandung sel punca dewasa dengan kemampuan self-renewal, yang diduga menjadi target utama untuk transformasi yang dapat menyebabkan kanker payudara. Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) merupakan salah satu jenis satwa primata yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam penelitian biomedis diantaranya untuk penelitian kanker. Penggunaan sel punca dari satwa primata sangat penting untuk menjembatani kesenjangan pengetahuan yang dihasilkan dari penelitian sel punca menggunakan rodensia untuk kepentingan uji klinis pada manusia. Pengembangan model in-vitro sel kelenjar susu tiga dimensi yang disebut mamosfir dapat memperkaya populasi sel punca kelenjar susu dan mampu berdiferensiasi menjadi sel-sel kelenjar susu. Mamosfir ditumbuhkan dan pasase dilakukan setiap 7 hari. Populasi sel dihitung dan ditumbuhkan kembali untuk membentuk mamosfir turunannya. Validasi marka, sel epitel (CK18 dan CD24), sel punca kelenjar susu (ITGB1 dan ITGA6) dan pluripotensi (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2) dilakukan pada setiap pasase menggunakan teknik Reverse Transcriptase quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR).  Diferensiasi dilakukan dengan teknik 3 dimensi selanjutnya diberikan genistein. Penggunaan mamosfir sebagai model in-vitro akan membantu kita untuk mempelajari proses karsinogenesis pada payudara, dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh obat atau senyawa lain terhadap diferensiasi dan mempelajari mekanismenya baik seluler maupun molekuler pada tujuan pengobatan regeneratif.
Silk fabrics from Turkey in the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania and their contribution to the formation of a distinct artistic taste in the seventeenth century
Authors: Biedrońska-Słota Beata
Published: August 2024

Silk fabrics from Turkey were imported to the Commonwealth as early as in the Middle Ages. They were very popular in the sixteenth century, but did not receive real attention until the Baroque era. In that time, when their popularity in the Commonwealth was steadily growing, they came there first mainly by way of trade, and later as booty. Particularly exquisite, specially prepared fabrics were usually received as diplomatic gifts. An exceptional ideological significance was attributed to textiles acquired by way of booty after victorious battles with the Turks. They became a symbol of victory and an object of pride in defeating the enemy. However, the significance of silk fabrics was quite different in the place where they were made, i.e. Turkey. In the Turkish workshops, textiles were made primarily for the use of the sultans court and court dignitaries, as well as for members of the wealthier class of the society. In the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, such fabrics were very popular. They were used to make secular garments, as well as imported for liturgical vestments, wall coverings and draperies.
Dydaktyka na studiach leśnych w okresie pandemii Coronavirusa
Authors: Beker Cezary
Published: August 2024

The article shows the challenges faced by education during the Coronavirus pandemic. The analysis was carried out as part of a case study, implementation of didactics at the Faculty of Forestry of the Poznań University of Life Sciences.
PRECIPITAÇÃO E A INFLUÊNCIA NA VULNERABILIDADE DE DESLIZAMENTO EM MANAUS-AM
Authors: Correa Bruno Gabriel Santos , Lima Filho Arlindo Almeida de , Vieira Michael Raphael Soares , Lopes Aixa Braga , Silvestrim Eneida Guerra , Silvestrim Rafael Guerra , Silvestrim Fernanda Guerra , Pereira Henrique dos Santos
Published: August 2024

Este estudo objetiva analisar a sincronia entre os fenômenos de precipitação e os deslizamentos de terras em Manaus, elucidando como as variações pluviométricas influenciam a incidência de deslizamentos e a vulnerabilidade social e ambiental na região. Manaus, sujeita a um clima equatorial, apresenta padrões climáticos distintos que resultam em impactos diretos nos desastres naturais, com ênfase nos deslizamentos de terra. A expansão urbana acelerada e a ocupação em áreas de risco exacerbam a susceptibilidade a tais desastres, agravando os efeitos sociais e ambientais adversos. A metodologia emprega a análise de dados históricos de deslizamentos e precipitação, utilizando-se de modelagem gráfica e geoespacialização para a interpretação e correlação dos fenômenos estudados. Os resultados indicam uma tendência de aumento dos deslizamentos em períodos de alta precipitação, com uma clara sazonalidade dos eventos, onde os meses de janeiro a abril são críticos. O estudo ancora-se em literatura consolidada, referenciando análises anteriores que estabelecem limiares de precipitação para a ocorrência de deslizamentos. Os padrões identificados reforçam a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas focadas na prevenção durante a estação chuvosa, incluindo ações de evacuação, realocação e conscientização. Este trabalho oferece subsídios para a gestão de riscos urbanos, fomentando a adoção de estratégias adaptativas e preventivas que considerem a temporalidade e intensidade das chuvas na região.
Analisis Lingkungan Kerja Dan Pengawasan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Kantor Camat Talang Empat Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah
Authors: Kasdi By , Hartono Rudi
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between work environment and job satisfaction of office workers in Talang Empat district in Bengkulu Tenga province and determine the relationship between supervision and job satisfaction. office workers from Talang Empat District to Bengkulu Central District Party Committee. Nowadays, the management aspect of an organization is necessary to achieve the goals of the organization optimally. Monitoring is one of the management functions that must be performed to ensure that the implementation of activities is in accordance with the established plans to achieve the objectives. In addition to trying to create a good working environment for employees working there, creating a feeling of comfort and enjoyment for employees, this can be seen by the existence of adequate and clean facilities. in the workplace and colleagues can support each other and can communicate well to increase employee job satisfaction The type of research used is explanatory research. Research results on the relationship between work environment and employee job satisfaction with the Spearman rank correlation value of 0.692 is a close relationship because it is in the range of 0.600 0.799 and the hypothesis test the theory has a significant value of 0.002 etlt; 0.05 H01 Rejected Ha1 Accepted This means that work environment has a significant relationship with job satisfaction of Talang Empat District Headquarters, Bengkulu District Center. Although the results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between supervision and employee job satisfaction with a Spearman rank correlation value of 0.750, this is a close relationship because it is located in the range of 0.600 0.799 and hypothesis testing is known to have a value of 0.001 etlt; 0.05 for H02 is eliminated. Ha2 is accepted