bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of ultra-violet visible spectroscopy to determination some antibiotics beta-lactam in some drugs
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This research aims to use chemical reaction to determine some of beta lactam antibiotics which include cephalexin and ceftriaxone in some pharmaceuticals by formation Prussian Blue complexes and using them for the UV-Vis., determination of drugs at wavelengths range (700- 720)nm by reaction them with FeCl3 in the presence of reagent K3[Fe(CN)6] in acid media .
The optimal experimental conditions for the complex formation have been studied such as volume of HCl , K3[Fe(CN)6] , FeCl3 ,temperature and reaction time .Analytical figures of merits obtained on applying the developed procedure for cephalexin and ceftriaxone resp. are Linearity,(2-10),(1-7)?g.ml-1 LOD(0.0601,0.0330) ?g.ml-1.
The developed procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of the antibiotics Cephalexin and Ceftriaxone in pharmaceutical preparations , Cephalexin and Gramocef using direct and standard additions method.
The analytical results match well with the drug contents as indicated by recovery percent had been found as follows (103.50%,93.27%.) for cephalexin, and ceftriaxone resp..
Synthesis and Polymerization of Poly Acryl Imide and One of Their Derivatives Then Curing the Product with Alkyl Halide
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present work involved four steps:
First step include reaction of acrylamide ,N-?-Methylen-bis(acryl amide) and N-tert Butyl acryl amide with poly acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethyl amine (Et3N) as catalyst, the second step include homopolymerization of all products of the first step by using benzoyl peroxide(BPO) as initiator in (80-90)Co in the presence of Nitrogen gas(N2). In the third step the poly acrylimide which prepare in second step was convert into potassium salt by using alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution.
Fourth step include Alkylation of the prepared polymeric salts in third step by react it with different alkyl halides(benzyl chloride, allylbromide , methyl iodide) by using DMF as solvent for(10-12) hours.
Structure Confirmation of all prepared polymers were proved using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and C13-NMR spectroscopy for some polymers. Other physical properties including softening and melting points of the polymers were also measured.
Biochemical Study of Gallstones Compositions in Iraqipatients
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the organic and inorganic components of bile and gallstones in Iraqi patients. Forty seven patients were included in this study with mean age (53+7) years and BMI (30.82+4.18) Kg/m2. Bile was classified according to its corresponding stones into: Bile of Mixed stones and Bile of pigment stones.
IR spectra were studied for both types of stones and their bile in addition to biochemical analysis for organic and inorganic components. The organic components include: (cholesterol, bilirubin, bile salts, and phospholipids), while inorganic components include salts of: (calcium, phosphorus, iron, cupper and magnesium). The results reveal to there was significant low levels (p
Effect of 1,4-Napthaquinone (NQ) and benzophenone (BPH)on the photodegradation and biodegradation of methyl cellulose film
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The induced photodegradation of methyl cellulose (MC) films in air was investigated in the absence and presence of aromatic carbonyl compounds(photosenssitizers): 1,4-naphthaquinone (NQ) and benzophenone (BPH) by accelerated weathering tester. The addition of (0.01 wt %) of low molecular weight aromatic carbonyl compounds to cellulose derivatives films(25µm in thickness) enhanced the photodegradation of the polymer films.The photodegradation rate was measured by the increase in carbonyl absorbance.
Decreases in solution viscosity and reduction of molecular weight were also observed in the irradiated samples. Changes in the number-average chain scission, the degree of deterioration and in the quantum yield of chain scission values are also observed, and it was concluded that branching or cross-linking has occurred for cellulose derivative with NQ and BPH. Findings from all analytical techniques indicated that the 1,4-naphthaquinone (NQ) photosensitizer enhance the photodegradation of methyl cellulose more than benzophenone (BPH).
The effect of the photosensitizer concentration, (ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 %), on the rate of photodegradation was also monitored for MC films. The rates are increased with increasing the photosensitizer concentration.
The effect of film thickness is also studied at fixed sensitizer concentration (0.05%), and results show that the rate of cellulose derivative photodegradation decreases with increasing film thickness.
The rate constants of the photodegradation of the photosensitizers deduced in cellulose derivatives films, [at concentration of (0.1%)by weight and thickness (25µm)].
Biodegradation of irradiated cellulose derivatives films was conclusively established with bacteria type Pseudomonas aeuroginosa Rb-19 isolated from crude oil. The amount of bacteria growth on MC after 30 days was lower, while there was no growth observed in MC with BPH
Assessment of risk factors for myocardial infarction and its relationship with some variables
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study is to assess the risk factors which lead to myocardial infarction and relation to some variables. The filed study was carried out from the 1st of April to the end of Sept. 2005. The Sample of the study consisted of (100) patients in lbn-Albeetar and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The result of the study indicated the following; 45% of patients with age group (41-50) were more exposed to the disease and there is no significant difference was seen in the level of education, Martial status, weight and height. The result shows that there are significant difference in risk factors like hypertension, cholesterol level in blood and diabetes. When analyzed by T.test at level of P < 0.01 and there are significant difference in smoking habits, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus patient's when analyzed by chi-squire at level of P < 0.01. The researcher recommends taking the Preventive measuments to control the risk factors.
Study the Level of Service to Roadways which Leading to Basrah University
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The building of Basrah University located in a rural area at Gramat Ali, its consist of seven colleges and very high number of students, lecturers ,and employers. Therefore, the intersections which leading to university building suffer congestion at morning peak hour (8-9) A.M and evening peak hour (2-3) P.M.
In this study we collected the data in intersections which leading to university building at peak hour at same time, then we had analysis this data by using the highway capacity manual (HCM) and program (HCS). Also, we collected that data in University entries with classification of vehicles according to types and number of passengers at peak hour.
Then we studied the number of proposals to riddance the congestion, such as the effect of vehicles prohibition which one and two passenger to entry in University at peak hour. This proposal will riddance of the congestion at University entries and intersections.
Effect of Some predisposing factors on Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The predisposing factors and their effect on the increasing of vulvovaginal Candidiasis have been studied in this research. The result indicated that the highest of infection with vaginal Candidias was in the age of women with age of (21-30years) with vaginal itching and discharge, also the results revealed that the pregnancy was the main predisposing factor. The percentage of the infected pregnant Ladies was 33.7% followed by the women who used the IUCD and OCP 22.1%, those who used steroids 5.2% comparing with control women (without predisposing factors).The results also indicated that the most cases of infection were during the third trimester of pregnancy (where the rate of infedion) was 53.9%.-OCP- Oral Contraceptive Pills-IUCD- Intrra Uterine Contraceptive Device
Design of six electrode Enzial electrostatic lens low aberrations for electron gun
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A computerized investigation has been carried out on the design of six electrodes electrostatic lenses used in electron gun application. The Finite-Element Method (FEM) was used in the solution of Laplace equation for determine the axial potential distribution. The electron trajectory under zero magnification condition.
The optical properties, spherical and chromatic aberrations, the object and image focal length and object and image position are calculated.
A very good futures for the electron gun with these lenses have been computed where are a beam current of 8.7*10-7A can be supplied using cathode tip of radius 10nm.
Study of Humoral Immune Response In Children Infected With Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

40 blood sample were taken from children infected with kala-azar at age less than ten years, who were admitted to El-Eskan child hospital, and central health laboratory in Baghdad. At the same time 15 sample collected from healthy child for comparing. During research estimated immunoglobulins level ( IgG, IgM, IgA) and (IFAT) IFAT test recorded a higher indicate antibodies level witch was synergistic with infected severity, the stander level of antibodies arrange between 1/16, 1/32 and 1/64 that means it graduate from the lowest one 1/16 into the highest one 1/64 within groups. During infectious the IgG ,IgM level recorded the higher level (2012.9 mg/dl) and (154.3 mg/dl) compared to the control group (874.3 mg/dl), (91.4 mg/dl) while there no significant differences in IgA level between patients group( 143.8 mg/dl ) And healthy control group (116.2 mg/dl) .
Effect of temperature on viability of human hydatid cyst & study the volume of hydatid cyst
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The hydatid materials were collected and studied, so they were contained 50 fertile human hydatid cases {33 (66%) females and 17 (34%) males}. They were collected from Al-Ramadi General Hospital during the period from December, 2003 to July, 2004 .Cysts were observed in 40 (80%) from the liver, 5 (10%) from the lungs, 3 (6%) from the kidney and 2 (4%) cysts from urinary bladder. The specimens were taken from patients of different ages.
The in vitro viability of protoscoleces was assessed on the basis of flame cell activity and eosein exclusion, which were considered as criteria to determine the death or viability of protoscoleces. In addition to this movement (flame cell activity), another motility like constriction – relaxation (invagination - evagination) in the protoscoleces was also noticed. Both types of movement were examined under light microscope.
The motility of protoscoleces examined under effect of three different temperature degrees 25?C, 37?C, and 40?C was within 15 minutes. It showed steadily increase with rising temperature. Flame cell activity increased as high as 70.01% at 40?C, while the motility with constriction -relaxation movement increased as 100.0% at 40?C.
The volumes of hydatid cysts were also studied, so they were measured. Therefore, the volumes of human hydatid cysts were the highest in the lung and this is may be due to the spongy texture of the lung tissues. There is relationship between the volumes of Hydatid cysts and the viability was recorded.
Effect of Manganese Chloride in Histological of Ovaries in Albino mice
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Manganese is considered as one of heavy metals with high toxicity .This element has been used widely in various industries and it is spread with huge quantities in polluted industries areas. As a result the concentrations of this element in the environment have increased and consequently producing acute toxic effects in different tissues and organs of all organisms.
A study has been conducted on (30) female of Swiss albino mice, to find out the effect of manganese chloride in histopathological changes of ovaries. The study includes, giving the manganese chloride with concentrations (150, 200 and 250 mg/kg) for (15, 30 and 45 day) for each concentration. The study has reported the existence of histopathological changes in the ovaries including congestion, reddening with emergence of blood vessels. In addition to that there is decrease in their weights and their sizes get smaller. Also there is degeneration in cells of the corpus lutum, and decrease in number of these bodies in the ovaries, with increase in atretic follicles, especially within the concentration (250 mgkg) for (45 day).
Impact of Rhizobial strains Mixture, Phosphorus and Zinc Applications in Nodulation and Yield of Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Pot experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture – Baghdad University during autumn season, 2007. Thirteen treatments were formulated to evaluate the effectiveness of four applications of Phosphorus (0, 60, 60×2 and 120 Kg P. h-1) and three applications of Zinc (0, 25×2 mg Zn. L-1 and 50 mg Zn. Kg soil-1) along with inoculating seeds of bean with strains mixture 889 and 1865 and non-inoculated treatment, on nodulation, yield and protein content in seeds (N%). The results showed that inoculated plants exceeded on non-inoculated one in all the studied characteristics. While, P and Zn, applications at the rate of 60×2 kg/ha and 25×2 mg/L respectively, significantly, increased, nodulation, yield, protein content in seeds of bean compared to non-inoculated treatment and Control. The highest grain yield (28.86 g/plant) were obtained with the interaction treatment (60×2 kg P /ha + 25×2 mg Zn /L) with Rhizobium inoculation. So, combined application of Rhizobium inoculant along with 60×2 kg P /ha and 25×2 mg Zn /L was considered to be the suitable combination of fertilizer for inoculated bean cultivation in silty clay loam soils.
The mucosal and systemic immune status for diabetic and non-diabetic Dentialvcolar infected patients
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

From a group of 60 patients with dentoalveolar infections among which 10 were diabetic and 10 non-diabetic were elected as test group as well as 10 normal subjects as control group. Six Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus anginousus were diagnosed in the first and second group of the patients the immune status of the patients and control subject were tested by pathogen specific antibody titre, neotrophil NBT reduction phagocytosis and leukocyte inhibition LIF.
Diabetic patients with dentoalveolar infection shows decreased specific antibody titers, subnormal neutrophil NBT phagocytic % as well as non significant LIF % in comparison non diabetic reveal high specific antibody titers against , high neutrophil NBT% and significant LIF% respectively thus diabetic indicate humoral and cellular immune suppression along the den to alveolar infection.
Environmental Study of Some Water Characteristics at Um-Al-Naaj Marsh, South of Iraq.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Um-Al-Naaj region in Al-Hawiezah Marsh, Southern Iraq was chosen to study the environmental variations of some water characteristics during 2008, seasonally. The results showed clear seasonal changes in values of some environmental variables (temperature, depth, light penetration, turbidity, total suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, reactive phosphate, reactive nitrite, and reactive nitrate), while there were no clear seasonal changes in electrical conductivity and salinity values. In addition, high nutrients concentrations and light penetration were noted. Statistical analysis showed significant positive relationship between air and water temperature; electrical conductivity and salinity. Water turbidity was significantly affected by total suspended solids. On the other hand, some of the studied variables had significant negative effects (relative relationships) to each other, when water pH and dissolved oxygen were affected by temperature; total suspended solids and turbidity affected also light penetration.
Study of opacity broadening in spectral lines for helium like ions in aluminum plasma which produced by laser
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A theoretical analysis studied was performed to study the opacity broadening of spectral lines emitted from aluminum plasma produced by Nd-YLF laser. The plasma density was in the range 1028-1026 )) m-3 with length of plasma about ?300) m) , the opacity was studied as function of plasma density & principle quantum number. The results show that the opacity broadening increases as plasma density increases & decreases with the spacing between energy levels of emission spectral line.
Effect of Milk Substitution with liquid whey on the quality properties of fatty cake
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study exposed to use the liquid whey (which was produced from of soft cheese processed) partially or completely instead of milk in fatty cake, this whey residue is still not used, instead it is thrown in rivers which effect different environment and economic problems.
Different concentrations was used (25% , 50% , 75% , and 100%) of whey in baked cake , Volume , height and other different properties ( panel taste ) was studied too .
Sensory evaluation results showed that an improved in all the character of the baked cake was happen by the used of 25% and 50% of the whey in comparison with the control treatment, the 75% replacement showed a decrease in appearance , texture and tenderness , while the degrees of color and flavor was the same as the control treatment .the 100% replacement showed a decrease in shape , volume and other characteristics .
Also the study showed that the used of 25% and 50% liquid whey, had no change in both volume and height of cake .while it was decreased in both in 75% and 100% .
We conclude that the used of liquid whey did not effected the different characteristics of the cake in comparison with the control 100% milk , the used of 25% and 50% of whey improved some of the characteristics , The cake is not affected by the use of 25,50 and 75% whey .
Synthesized azodyes of 2-amino-1, 3, 4- thiadiazole - 5 - thiol
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Several azo dyes were synthesized through coupling reaetion of some substituted phenols and B.naphthol with diazonium salt of 2- amino-1,3-4- thiadiazol -5- thiol. All the synthesized compounds during this work were characterized using some speetral data (F.TIRand UV)andM.P .
2-[4 --Hydroxy napthyl-azo ] -1,3,4-Thiadiazol -5-Thiol
• 2- [2-- hydroxy –4- NO2 – phenyl- azo]- 1,3,4 - Thiadiazol –5-Thiol.
• 2- [3--Amino-4-Hydroxy phenyl –azo]-1,3,4 - Thiadiazol –5-Thiol. .
• 2-[2--Amino-4-Hydroxy phenyl -azo]-1,3,4 - Thiadiazol –5-Thiol .
• 2- [3--Amino-6- Hydroxy phenyl -azo]-1,3,4 - Thiadiazol –5-Thiol.
• 2-[2-- Hydroxy- 5 – chloro – Pheny - azo]- 1,3,4 - Thiadiazol –5-Thiol .
• 2- [4-- Hydroxy phenyl -azo] -1,3,4 - Thiadiazol –5-Thiol .
• 2- [ 3-- Bromo – 6 -- Hydroxy - phenyl –1-azo] – 1,3,4, Thiadiazol –5-Thiol .
Design and Construction of a Testing Platform and Estimating Attenuation Painting Reflectivity to Laser Beam
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The project has been described the design and construction of a reliable optical testing platform used for evaluate the reflectivity of metal surfaces treated with special paintings required for laser beam attenuation. The platform comprises an Nd-YAG laser system which has been designed and fabricated with specifications to be compatible with their corresponding in laser range finder transmitters used for various applications. The reflectivity of various attenuating paintings, at different detection angles, has been observed. Moreover, the variation of the reflected energy with painting type and metal type to be painted has been studied experimentally. Results illustrated the existence of a definite angle, at which the reflectivity was maximum (specular reflection). On the other hand, samples with attenuation paintings have constant very low diffusive reflectivity and are independent of the detection angle.
A Study of Some Physical Properties for Binary System of Cyclohexane with n-decane and 1-pentanol at Different Temperatures
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

mixtures of cyclohexane + n-decane and cyclohexane + 1-pentanol have been measured at 298.15, 308.15, 318.15, and 328.15 K over the whole mole fraction range. From these results, excess molar volumes, VE , have been calculated and fitted to the Flory equations. The VE values are negative and positive over the whole mole fraction range and at all temperatures. The excess refractive indices nE and excess viscosities ?E have been calculated from experimental refractive indices and viscosity measurements at different temperature and fitted to the mixing rules equations and Heric – Coursey equation respectively to predict theoretical refractive indices, we found good agreement between them for binary mixtures in this study.
The variation of these properties with composition and temperatures of the binary mixtures are discussed in terms of molecular interactions.
Reaction of Thiols with formaldehyde in Presnce of succinimid and Reduction of Phenyl Tetrazole Derivative with Hydrogen and Borohydraide
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

One of most the important compounds which have active hydrogen (substrate) is the thiols which used in a wide field in preparation of Mannich bases .

A large number of Mannich bases have been prepared as a biologically active compound (pharmaceutical, pesticides, bactericidal, fungicidal and tuberculostatic) and in order to correlate their structure and reactivity with their pharmacological activity such as .

It has been reported that the reaction is easily proceeded by using primary and secondary amine beside formaldehyde. But when we tried the reaction of thiols as substrate and formaldehyde and succinimide instead of amine, the reaction did not proceed to give Mannich base but product were methylenene – bis – sulfide .

Mannich base can go farther reaction such as (addition, substitution, cleavge, polymerization, hydrogenation) to produce numerous numberbof compound so we tried to hydrogenation tetrazole derivative which gave different product which depened on type of hydrogen on reagent.
Reduction of 2 – ethyl benzoyle – phenyl tetrazole which performed with hydrogen gas in methanol solution in presence palladium on carbon as catalyst, the tow products were separated by column chromatography.

Reduction of 2 – methyl – 2 (2 – cycloheptane) – 5- phenyl tetrazole.
The methanolic solution the ketone was refluxed with equimolar amount of potassium borohydride and the product is isolated and purified to give.

and identified by C.H.N analysis and NMR spectra.
Measurement of Background Radioactivity in Sewage Sludge for Baghdad City Treatment Stations
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Sewage sludge samples were collected from Al-rasafa and Al-karkh refinement stations which represent the main stations of Baghdad city. Samples were collected from all treatment stages: before, after, and during refinement processes.
The High Purity Germanium Coaxial Detector system with energy resolution 1.8 keV for energy line 1333 keV of Co – 60 radioactive sources was used to measure radioactivity from both natural and artificial sources. GENIE – 2000 analysis the results statistically and qualitatively.
The results showed that all sewage sludge samples exhibited natural radioactive level and sometimes less than the international regular standards, but Al–Karkh station showed increment in radioactive levels than Al– Rasafa station. Cs – 137 artificial radionuclide was detected in the samples with low concentration.
Java Applet Technology for Design Interference Optical Coating
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Java is a high-level , third generation programming language were introduced Javaoptics Open Source Physics (OSP) as a new simulation for design one of the most important interference optical coating called antireflection coating. It is recent developments in deign thin-film coatings. (OSP) shows multiple beam interferences from a parallel dielectric thin film and the evolution of reflection factors. It is simple to use and efficiently also can serve educational purposes. The obtained results have been compared with needle method
The Effect of Chlorine Concentration on the Optical Constants of SnS Thin Films
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Chlorine doped SnS have been prepared utilizing chemical spray pyrolysis.
The effects of chlorine concentration on the optical constants were studied. It was seen that the transmittance decreased with doping, while reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were increased as the doping percentage increased. The results show also that the skin depth decrease as the chlorine percentage increased which could be assure that it is transmittance related.
SlantletTransformbased VideoDenoising
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A technique for noise removal is proposed based on slantlet transform. The proposed algorithm tends to reduce the computational time by reducing the total number of frames through dividing the video film into sub films, finding master frames, applying the slantlet transform which is orthogonal discrete wavelet transform with two zero moments and with improved time localization. Thresholding technique is applied to the details coefficients of the slantlet transform .The denoised frame is repeated to retain the original frame sequence. The proposed method was applied by using MATLAB R2010a with video contaminated by white Gaussian noise .The experimental results show that the proposed method provides better subjective and objective quality, and obtain up to 5-6 dB PSNR improvement from the frames contaminated by noise.
Effect of Lactobacilli sources on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus adherence to uroepithelial cells
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The inhibitory action of four lactobacilli isolates Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum and L. fermentum, isolated from four different samples; yoghurt, vinegar, saliva and vagina respectively, on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to uroepithelial cells were investigated. Results showed that all Lactobacillus isolates or their supernatant were able to reduce the number of the uropathogens attached to uroepithelial cells. However, inhibition level of lactobacilli cells was higher than their supernatant. Nevertheless, the human indigenous lactobacilli (L. fermentum and L. plantarum) were more competitive than food lactobacilli (L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus).
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Vegetative Growth of three Sugarcane Genotypes (Saccharum officinarum L.) in field
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

I n vitro rooting plantlets of three sugarcane genotypes(Co.j.64, Co.j.86 and Missan) were cultured in the field after exposed at different doses of gamma rays (1,2,3,4,) kr.
Data of reduction percentage on vegetative growth, roots number, length per plant and their diameter were investigated.
Results showed gradual reductions in number of shoots, length and diameter as according to increasing of gamma doses. The reduction percentage in shoot number, length were reached 57.86,70.36 % at 4 kr respectively which have mean number and length per plant reached (9.27 and 55.33 cm) as compared with the control treatment ,While 1 kr caused higher percent in diameter reached 9.69 % with mean of diameter per plant reached 2.57 cm.
Mean time , Genotype were significant difference in reduction percent , Co .j.64 genotype surpassed in shoots length , diameter reached 120.78% , 62.15% respectively, Which have mean (204 cm/plant) and( 2.99cm/plant ) ,While Co.j.86 surpassed in number of shoots reached 16.44% .
Evaluating the Inhibitory Activity of Apigenin Extracted from Salvia officinalis leaves on the Growth of L20B Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to evaluating the inhibitory activity of apigenin extracted from Salvia officinalis leaves on the growth of L20B cancer cell in vitro, and through two incubation periods; 48 and 72 hours. Accordingly, eight concentrations (1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 and 200.0 micromol) of apigenin and similar concentrations of vitamin C and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were tested. The apigenin revealed its significant inhibitory potentials against the growth of L20B cell line, especially at the low concentrations (1.56, 3.13 and 6.25 micromol) and at 72 incubation period in comparison with vitamin C and CCl4.
Study the effect of the mixture aquatic extract of Peganum harmala seeds and Pericarp of Punica granutum on viability of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study included the preparation of the mixture aquatic extracts of Peganum harmala seeds and Pericarp of Punica granutum at concentration (10+50) ?(15+55)? (20+60) mgml .To study the influence of the mixture on the percentage of vitality of the protoscolices of E. granulosus In vitro, as the vitality of protoscolices had caused complete death when the using concentration at time 120,90,60 minute respectively. Also study the effect of mixture in white mice with infectious protoscolices In vivo and study the change occurred in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the averages of its distension In vivo in processed group with mixture at concentration (15+55) , (10+50)mgml ,as which was approach to the negative group and the lowering significantly of these average occurred in processed groups with mixture and about of the positive group this study at appeared the possibility of using the mixture it a capability of the mixture which caused to the prohibition of the development of the protoscolices to the secondary hydatid cyst .
Study of effect of non-central obscuration to obscured circular aperture on third order spherical aberration
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this research we have been studied the 3rd order spherical aberration for an optical system consisted of obscured circular aperture with non central circular obscuration through the calculation of point spread function (P.S.F) in presence of the obscuration in the center and comparing the obtained results with that results of moving obscuration far away from the center, where the results showed significant improvement for(P.S.F) value. The study was done of different obscurities ratios in addition to the different 3rd order spherical aberration values (W40=0.25 ,0.5 ,0.75 ,1 ).
Study the spectroscopic characteristics of Rhodamine B Dye in Ethanol and Methanol mixture and Calculation the Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The effect of ethanol and methanol solvent, and their mixture has been studied on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of laser dye Rhodamine B at concentration of (10-4) Molar at room temperature. The molar absorption coefficient has been determined for mixture which was (3.223) at wave number (18181.8 cm-1), Also the Quantum Efficiency of the two solvents (ethanol and methanol) and their mixture have been calculated ,which was for mixture spectrum (38.94%) and it was larger comparing with other and solvents. The characteristics of spectrum has been determined by calculating (??) of absorption spectrum for the solvents and its mixture at maximum wave number ( ) cm-1 depending on solvent polarity and the transitions between molecular energy levels in each solvent of Rhodamine B dye .
Effect of Aquatic, Alcoholic and Oily Extracts of Cocos nucifera L.on the Growth of Certain Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Wounds and Burns Infections
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Three types of extracts ( aquatic, alcoholic, and oily ) were prepared from the fruits of coconuts, and a series of chemical tests were conducted in addition to the use of the FTIR equipment to determine the active locations in the prepared extracts.
The results indicated the presence of active compounds (tannins, saponins, flavonoids, turbines and steroids) in the extracts prepared from the fruits of coconuts, also the antimicrobial capability of these extracts were tested on pathogenic bacteria isolated from wounds and burns infections cases.
The results proved that the concentration 80 mg/ml of the aquatic extract is the minimum inhibitory concentration for the microbes: Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas fluorescence, while the concentration of 160 mg/ml is the lethal concentration for them, as for the alcoholic extract the concentration of 4 mg/ml was the minimum inhibitory concentration for these two microbes , while the concentration of 32 mg/ml was the lethal concentration to them, as for the oily extract the two concentrations of 1:1 and 1:3 were the minimum inhibitory concentration and the lethal concentration respectively for these two microbes, while for the Burkhorderia mallei microbe the concentrations of 40, 4, 6,2:1 of the aquatic, alcoholic and oily extracts respectively were the minimum inhibitory concentrations for their growth, while the concentrations 160,32,3:1 of the aquatic, alcohol and oily extract respectively the lethal concentrations to them.
Study The Predation Efficiency of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)(Neuroptera :Chrysopidae) Larvae in Controlling Nymphs and Adults of Cabbage Aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Homoptera :Aphididae).
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Results showed high efficiency of the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to attack and consume nymphal instars and adults of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.).The total average of the nymphal instars consumed by the larval stage of predator were 308.67, 285.9, 198.77, 154.7 for 1st ,2nd ,3rd ,4th nymphal instars respectively .While it was 110,107.9 for apterae and alatae respectively . Also, predation efficiency increases with the progress of the larval instars up to the third (last) which was the most voracious .The 1st instar nymph consumed by the larvae of the predator were 47,80,181.67 nymphs ,with predation rate of 14.71% , 23.75% and 50.13% for 1st ,2nd and 3rd larval instars
Preparation of PVC composite using reinforced Iraqi Bentoniet clay as a filler & study their mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this study , Iraqi Bentonite clay was used as a filler for polyvinyl chloride polymer. Bentonite clay was prepared as a powder for some certain particle size ,followed by calcinations process at (300,700,900) OC ,then milled and sieved. The selected sizes were D ~75 µm and D ~150. After that polyvinyl Al-Cohool solution prepared and used as a coated layer covered the Bentonite powder before applied as a filler ,followed by drying , milling and sieving for limited recommend sizes. polyvinyl chloride solutions were prepared and adding of modified Bentonite power at certain quantities were followed .Sheet of these variables on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared reinforced particular polyvinyl chloride composite Experimentally, it was found that the composite prepared by adding modified Iraqi Bentonite powder , that calcined at 700 oC as a filler have an advantage in heating insulator properties by 30 from that found for PVC as it is ,and the value of stress strength exceed by three times as that for original value.
Aquatic Oligochaetes of Iraq's Southern Marshes
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Aquatic Oligochaetes community in the Iraqi southern marshes, Al- Hawiezah, Al-Chibayish and Al-Hammar, have been studied for the period from July 2006 to June 2007. Two sites within each marsh, in addition to a reference site located at Shatt Al-Garma, have been chosen for sample collection using Ekman dredge. The results revealed that the highest average annual density was 16800 individual / m2 recorded in Al-Hawiezah marsh, while in Al-Chibayish and al-Hammar marsh the density did not exceed 5111 individual/m2. In contrast, the density of Oligochaetes recorded in Shatt Al-Garma was about 10500 individual / m2. The highest monthly density was recorded in April 2007.The highest local percentage occurrence was 96% recorded in Al-Hawiezah marsh, while the highest average monthly percentage occurrence was recorded in January 2007.The study revealed the presence of 19 Oligochaetes species belonging to 14 genera and 4 families. Naididae was represented by 8 spp.; Tubuficidae 8 spp.; Lumbriculidae 2 spp. and Lumbricidae 1 spp. Tubificid worms formed about 73% of the total count while Naididae formed 15%, Lumbriculidae 8% and Lumbricidae 4%.Among Tubificidae, Limnodrilus was the most abundant genus composed about 35% of L. hoffmeisteri; 11.5% L. claparedianus; 8% L. profundicola and 4.7% L. maumeensis, followed by Tubifex tubifex 23%. Other species were Branchuira sowerbyi formed 15%; 2.8 and 2 % for Peloscolex velutinus and Aulodrilus pigueti respectively. Naididae worms comprised 8 species including 32% of Dero digitata, 24% of Nais variabilis, 14% of Amphichaeta sp. and 11% of each of D.obtuse and Pristina longiseta. However, D. dorsalis represented only 7.5% of the total Naididae. Few individuals of B. sowerbyi and Lumbriculus variegates, with two regenerated parts at the posterior end were also detected in some samples. This case was considered a rare observation within the population of these worms in this particular area.
Study of Spectroscopy and Thermodynamic Properties for Phoshours dioxide PO2 Molecular and Influence Study of Bond ( P-O ) on Spectroscopy Properties
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In This research a Spectroscopic complement and Thermodynamic properties for molecule PO2 were studied . That included a calculation of potential energy . From the curve of total energy for molecule at equilibrium distance , for bond (P-O), the degenerated of bond energy was (4.332eV) instate of the vibration modes of
( PO2 ) molecule and frequency that was found active in IR spectra because variable inpolarization and dipole moment for molecule. Also we calculate some thermodynamic parameters of ( PO2 ) such as heat of formation , enthalpy , heat
Of capacity , entropy and gibb's free energy Were ( -54.16 kcal/mol , 2366.45 kcal/mol , 10.06 kcal /k/mol , 59.52 kcal /k /mol, -15370.51 kcal / mol ) respectively under condition of room temperature and atmosphere pressure ( 298 k , 1 atm.). We calculate there parameters at various temperature from ( 100 – 3000 ) K . It was found that the obtainded results were in a good agreement with previous experimental facts.
Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Tribulus terrestris, Phoenix dactylifera and Nasturtium officinale Mixture on Some Reproductive Parameters in Male Mice
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of the crude extracts mixture of three plants (Tribulus terrestris, Phoenix dactylifera and Nasturtium officinale) on semen quality,sex hormones and reproductive performance of mature male mice. A group of 25 male mice given 150mg/kg/day of the powder of the plants mixture with the food for four weeks and another three groups of 25 animals each given intraperitoneal injection from each of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts with a doses 75, 150, and 300mg/kg/day for two weeks. A remarkable increase in sperm concentration and motility with a decreased abnormal morphology was obtained in the experimental groups. A significant increase in hormones level were recognized in most groups. The results of mating untreated females with treated males of the four experimental groups revealed a decreased gestation period and an increased litter size. The results showed a dose dependent pattern of activity and the effect of the extracts were enhanced with increasing the dose level. The ethanolic extract being the more effective extract in all parameters.
Stability of Back Propagation Training Algorithm for Neural Networks
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we derive and prove the stability bounds of the momentum coefficient µ and the learning rate ? of the back propagation updating rule in Artificial Neural Networks .The theoretical upper bound of learning rate ? is derived and its practical approximation is obtained
Gene Expression Related to Oxidative Stress Induced by Herbicides in Rice
Authors: Agostinetto Dirceu , Benemann Daiane P. , Cechin Joanei , Nohatto Marcos A. , Langaro Ana C. , Piasecki Cristiano , Vargas Leandro
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

UBQ5 was the most stable reference gene for gene expression analysis in rice treated with herbicides.

The herbicides increased gene expression associated with defense against oxidative stress.

OsHO‐1 showed the greatest change in expression in response to herbicide treatment.

Herbicides are stressors that can have negative effects on plants. In Oryza sativa (L.), differential gene expression may be evaluated through real‐time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of candidate reference genes and to quantify the relative expression of oxidative stress genes at different times (12, 24, 48, and 96 hours after treatment [HAT]) with penoxsulam, cyhalofop‐butyl, and bentazon herbicides. NormFinder, BestKeeper, and GeNorm software and the comparative ∆Ct method were used to assess expression stability and to determine the RT‐qPCR threshold values of the candidate reference genes. The UBQ5 gene was the most stable among the reference genes analyzed. The gene expression results showed upregulation of OsCAT and OsMnSOD1 genes at all times after herbicide application. The OsAPX2 and OsGST3 genes showed increased gene expression at 12 and 96 HAT for all herbicides. The OsHO‐1 gene had the most significant expression changes, with maximum expression levels at 24 HAT with bentazon and at 96 HAT with penoxsulam and cyhalofop‐butyl. Overall, antioxidant system gene expression increased after the application of bentazon, penoxsulam, and cyhalofop‐butyl in rice.
Coating of Hulled Seeds Improved Field Plantability and Grain Yield of Extra‐Large Confectionary Sunflower Achenes
Authors: Sidhu Harjot , Wiesenborn Dennis , Johnson Burton , Monono Ewumbua , Eriksmoen Eric
Published: March 2019

Extra‐large (XL) hybrid confection sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) achenes are popular among snack food consumers, but these achenes perform poorly with precision planters; therefore, the option of planting coated seed from XL achenes was evaluated in this study. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of various coating materials and buildup levels on live seed emergence, precision planting, stand establishment, and crop performance under field conditions. Based on the laboratory results on germination and plantability, four coating materials (polymer A, polymer B, zeolite, and lime) at 30 and 35% buildup levels were selected for the field trails at Prosper, ND. A separate smaller field study was conducted at Minot, ND, to verify the performance of coated seed under different growing conditions. At both Prosper and Minot locations, all the coated seed treatments resulted in significantly higher live seed emergence and grain yield than XL achenes. Live seed emergence of all the coated seed (93–99%) was significantly higher than the XL achenes (88%), and similar or higher than the large achenes (94%) at Prosper. Laboratory singulation of all the coated seed was superior to both XL achenes and large achenes, which contributed to uniform seed spacing in the field for the coated seed. Overall, this study showed that coating the hulled seeds substantially increased seed plantability and crop performance compared with XL achenes and even large achenes. A successful outcome of this study may extend this research to other sunflower seed sizes and possibly other crops.
La intencionalidad de la acción en el proceso motivacional humano
Authors: Flórez Alarcón Luis Enrique
Published: March 2019

El presente escrito se propone analizar el papel de la intención como unidad de análisis que permite comprender y explicar el funcionamiento psíquico individual, lo cual se expresa a través del proceso conocido como condicionamiento intencional (Esteban-Guitart, 2013). Se propone que este funcionamiento psíquico individual de tipo intencional se sustenta sobre la formación de un sentido subjetivo acerca de la acción (González-Rey, 2010), y se hacen algunas hipótesis acerca del proceso que sigue su formación a través de las diversas fases del ciclo motivacional, de acuerdo con evidencia empírica proveniente de diversas fuentes. El aspecto diferencial de este escrito es que toma al modelo de Rubicón de la Acción (Heckhausen & Gollwitzer, 1987) como marco de análisis del proceso motivacional, para especificar los factores que, en cada fase del proceso, tanto en su etapa propiamente motivacional como en su etapa volitiva, subyacen a la formación de ese sentido subjetivo que da origen a la intención de actuar y mantiene a la persona en la ejecución de la acción hasta obtener el resultado esperado. Se concluye hipotéticamente que el sentido subjetivo de esas acciones se construye a lo largo de las fases del ciclo motivacional, condensando e integrando en sí mismorepresentaciones propias de un sentido de utilidad, de control, de valor, de coherencia, de realidad presente, y de tiempo futuro, en relación a una acción determinada.
Karabük İli Safranbolu İlçesi Kaymakamlar Müze Evi'nde Bulunan Bindallı Elbiseler
Authors: Çelebilik Gülizar , Çengel Ayşe
Published: March 2019

Hayatın önemli bir dönemi olan evlenme olayı
çerçevesinde nişan, kına ya da gelin giyimi olarak kullanılan ve gelenekselleşen
bindallı elbiselerin Safranbolu’da da düğün gelenek ve görenekleri içinde ya da
bayramlarda önemli bir yere sahip olduğu, ‘tefebaş’ adı ile bilindiği öğrenilmektedir. Ancak bugün ilçede
özel gün giysisi olarak bindallı kullanımının azaldığı, bu giysilerin özel ya
da tüzel kurum ve kuruluşlara ait müze, müze evlerde sergilendiği ayrıca halk
tarafından sandıklarda saklandığı görülmektedir.Bu makalenin amacı; Karabük ili Safranbolu ilçesi Kaymakamlar Müze
Evi’ne 2000-2001 yılları arasında satın alma yolu ile gelen, oda içlerinde
bulunan cansız mankenler üzerinde sergilenen on iki adet bindallıya ait
koleksiyon hakkında bilgi vermek ve bindallıların süsleme açısından
özelliklerini tanıtmaktır. Bindallıların süsleme özellikleri; kullanılan
malzeme, uygulanan teknik, tercih edilen renk, motif ve kompozisyon başlıkları
altında incelenmiştir. Bindallılara ait süsleme özellikleri görsel ve çizimlerle
desteklenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bindallı elbise, Dival işleme, Karabük,
Safranbolu, Kaymakamlar Müze Evi.
CREATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN DESIGN EDUCATION: PRODUCT DIMENSION
Authors: Varol Esra
Published: March 2019

One of the important dimensions of measurement and
evaluation in design education is the product. According to various criteria,
the products designed by the students are measured by the faculty using the
jury approach, the traditional performance measurement and evaluation method in
design education, and the student success is decided upon. The most important
criterion in measuring and evaluating of student success in design education is
the product’s creativity. The purpose of this study is to identify the criteria
the Fashion Design and Industrial Design faculty uses in a product’s
performance measurement during the programs’ last year
studio courses and to discuss the criteria and definitions in both of these
design fields and to examine the process followed to decide upon a student’s success.
Qualitative research was employed in the study.  Creativity was found to be the main criterion
in the performance measurement of a product in both design fields.