bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allocation tradeoffs among chaparral shrub seedlings with different life history types (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Pratt R. Brandon , Jacobsen Anna L. , Hernandez Jessica , Ewers Frank W. , North Gretchen B. , Davis Stephen D.
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the Study: California chaparral shrub species have different life history types: Nonsprouters (NS) are killed by fire and persist through a fire‐stimulated seed bank; facultative sprouters (FS) reestablish by a combination of vegetative sprouting and seeding; and obligate sprouters (OS) reestablish exclusively by sprouting. Nonsprouters and FS establish seedlings in open‐canopy postfire environments, whereas OS establish seedlings between fires in the shady understory. We hypothesized that allocation differences among seedlings of postfire sprouters and nonsprouters and regeneration niche differences would lead to contrasting patterns in biomass accumulation (NS > FS > OS, in sun; OS > FS > NS, in shade).

• Methods: Seedlings of three species from each life history type were grown in sun and 75% shade. We measured net carbon assimilation and biomass accumulation after one year.

• Key Results: Biomass accumulation was similar in the sun except FS>OS. In the shade, NS had lower biomass than FS and OS. Assimilation rates, nitrogen relations, and allocation differences could not fully explain biomass accumulation differences. Instead, biomass accumulation was inversely related to water‐stress tolerance and shade tolerance. Additionally, OS and FS differed in root/shoot allocation even though both are sprouters.

• Conclusions: Seedling growth and carbon assimilation rates were divergent among three life history types and were consistent with differences in tolerance to water stress and shade or sun regeneration niches, but not tradeoffs in sprouting‐related allocation differences per se.
LEARNING TRAJECTORIES OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Hein Helle , Lepik Ulo
Published: August 2012

The aim of the present paper is to describe the method that is capable of adjusting the parameters of a dynamical system so that the trajectories gain certain specified properties. Three problems are considered: (i) learning fixed points, (ii) learning to periodic trajectories, (iii) restrictions on the trajectories. An error function, which measures the discrepancy between the actual and desired trajectories is introduced. Numerical results of several examples, which illustrate the efficiency of the method, are presented.
ON I-ACCELERATION CONVERGENCE OF SEQUENCES OF FUZZY REAL NUMBERS
Authors: Dutta Amar Jyoti , Tripathy Binod Chandra
Published: August 2012

In this article we introduce the notion of ideal acceleration convergence of sequences of fuzzy real numbers. We have proved a decomposition theorem for ideal acceleration convergence of sequences as well as for subsequence transformations and studied different types of acceleration convergence of fuzzy real valued sequence.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF AN IMPLICIT FULLY DISCRETE LOCAL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR THE FRACTIONAL ZAKHAROV–KUZNETSOV EQUATION
Authors: Ren Zongxiu , Wei Leilei , He Yinnian , Wang Shaoli
Published: August 2012

In this paper we develop and analyze an implicit fully discrete local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element method for a time-fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. The method is based on a finite difference scheme in time and local discontinuous Galerkin methods in space. We show that our scheme is unconditional stable and L 2 error estimate for the linear case with the convergence rate through analysis.
La présence pulsionnelle de la Volonté dans mon corps libidinal et dans les forces naturelles des corps matériels
Authors: Bernet Rudolf
Published: August 2012

La double expérience que chacun de nous a des mouvements de son corps – comme objet mondain et comme organe de sa volonté – atteste, au sein de la métaphysique de Schopenhauer, la provenance de tout objet de représentation de la Volonté en soi. Nos « mouvements » charnels se prêtent cependant encore à des modalités diverses, selon qu’ils sont volontaires ou involontaires, et selon que la volonté y est appréhendée à travers une perception interne de ses « actes » successifs ou à travers des sensations de plaisir et de douleur se rapportant à des « désirs » conscients ou inconscients. Formulé dans un langage freudien, la volonté-pulsion inconsciente se phénoménalise selon le double régime de la représentation et de l’affect, c’est-à-dire au sein d’un corps propre dont le principe de réalité et le principe de plaisir se disputent le gouvernement. Cette analyse des comportements corporels humains sert aussi de fondement à la philosophie de la nature de Schopenhauer. De même que nos actes volontaires, tout en se conformant à des « motifs » rationnels, puisent leur énergie dans une pulsion irrationnelle, les mouvements des corps matériels, tout en se conformant aux lois de la physique, restent animés par des « forces naturelles » qu’il faut comprendre comme la présence de la volonté pulsionnelle au sein de la nature. Croisant perspectives métaphysiques, anthropologiques et cosmologiques, l’auteur veut plus particulièrement mettre en lumière que la philosophie de la Volonté de Schopenhauer est la philosophie d’une force pulsionnelle nihiliste, héritière pessimiste du rationalisme leibnizien et visionnaire de la pulsion de mort de Freud. Tout en s’inscrivant dans le sillage kantien, cette philosophie conteste aussi déjà le principe d’une subjectivité originelle au nom du principe d’une vie pulsionnelle anonyme, inconsciente et irrationnelle.
The Damage Identification of Multilayer Frame Structure Containing Sheet Crack by Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Guan De Qing , Liu Liang
Published: August 2012

In this paper, the multilayer frame structure containing sheet crack was researched. Based on wavelet analysis theory, the finite element method was applied to analyze the dynamic characteristics of structural damage. Established a method about the identification of containing sheet crack frame structure by modulus maxima of wavelet coefficients to determine the location of the crack, it verifies the validity of the method through calculation analysis of damage identification to a two layers of a cross frame structure containing sheet crack. The conclusions of this paper can be used for frame structure damage diagnosis application reference.
Technical and Economical Assessment of the Corrosion Preventive Methods for Maritime Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Nabavi Seyed Farhad , Nejadi Shami , Samali Bijan
Published: August 2012

Corrosion of embedded steel reinforcing in concrete structures is the predominant phenomenon of premature deterioration of structures exposed to marine environment. In this study, the technical advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly corrosion preventive methods are investigated and then cost analysis by comparing the Present Value of the methods is carried out for 40 years of life time. This investigation proved that the lower cost methods have not shown an acceptable performance in long term and those which have exhibited a good performance, have increased the lifetime cost of structure considerably.
An Introduction of the Case of AN Art and Craft Building Quality Judicatory Authentication
Authors: Zhang Wen Ming
Published: August 2012

A severe hidden quality problem has been found through the quality judicatory authentication over a building engineering quality and finally the major responsible party causing the cracks has been identified and accordingly the evidence with credibility has been provided to the court to contribute for the conclusion of the long term lawsuit for many years, in this way, to safeguard the justice and improve the social harmony. The constructional quality judicatory authentication involves the significant interests between both parties of prosecution and the defense and the conflicts exist inevitably in the process of court hearing and evidencing over the verification of the information and documents, therefore the persons involving the judicatory authentication shall insist in the principles of science, rigors and objectiveness and fairness in their operation.
Rationality Evaluation on the Fire Compartment of Large-Scale Public Buildings
Authors: Wang Jia , Ren Yuan , Yin Xiao Hong
Published: August 2012

Nowadays, fire compartments of large-scale public buildings are generally large. This paper analyses and calculates the fire hazard degree of each fire compartment in buildings by Gustav’s method and Fuzzy Algorithm, which can provide a basis for decision-making in reasonable fire compartment.
Reflections Based on the Concept of Low Carbon Building Design
Authors: Guo Shu Rong , Liu Ai Fang
Published: August 2012

According to statistics, the annual increased floor area in China reaches about 2 billion, almost surpasses the sum of that in all developed countries, while the energy consumption per unit floor area is 2 to 3 times more than that of developed countries. The building energy consumption has accounted for more than 35 percent in China's total energy consumption. China is facing a serious crisis of energy and resources, so it is significant to realize energy conservation in building and low carbon. The building designs based on the concept of low carbon should embody a design principle including low-carbon, social demands, adaptation to local conditions, and sustainable development. Research and application of the technology of natural ventilation, solar applications, ground source heat pump, and green energy-saving materials are effective to achieve the low carbon building design. We also get some inspirations from domestic and international typical case.
Modeling & Field Test of Dwelling with Courtyard Summer Thermal Environment
Authors: Jiang Shou Zhong , Wang Zhi Yi , Li Jian Jun
Published: August 2012

Chinese historical experience of constructing buildings merits attention. As the main and typical kind of Chinese traditional residential building, the dwelling with courtyard is “cool in summer”. However, less research on the thermal performance of dwelling with courtyard has been available in public literature. In this paper, based on the systematic analysis on various related elements, the physical and mathematical model of the air temperature distribution is set up. It is proved by the fieldwork measurement and computer simulation that the shielding effect of the aisle, side house and the long-narrow structure are the main reasons for the low temperature in courtyard.
Impact Analysis of the Thickness of Wall Insulation on Indoor Comfort in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Area
Authors: Fang Mei Xiang , Fang Ting Yong , Chen Jun , Yu Zhen
Published: August 2012

With the continuous development of building energy efficiency, Wall insulation technology has become a new energy-saving technology. This paper mainly to a residential building model as an example in hot summer and cold winter zone (as in hefei). The ECOTECT simulation software was used to analysis the indoor uncomfortable period in different thickness of the exterior insulation layer. The Indoor uncomfortable period include too hot indoor discomfort period, too cold indoor uncomfortable period and total (obtain too hot and too cold) indoor discomfort period. According to the simulation result to analysis the relation between insulation layer thickness and the three kinds of indoor uncomfortable period. We can draw the total (obtain too hot and too cold) indoor uncomfortable period was not lowering with the increase of the insulation layer thickness, so we can choose the thickness of insulation layer, according to the influence of the thickness of insulation layer to the uncomfortable period, then providing certain reference for selection the thickness of insulation layer of energy conservation of the building wall.
Analysis on Parking Problem for Residential Area
Authors: Wang Xue Ying , Liu Chun Xiang , Xu Dong
Published: August 2012

Currently, small car quantity of residents in the our country city is raise year by year.The parking problem of in each city's living area is outstanding day by day. Aimming at the difficult problem of parking the car, The paper analysis the reason for producing it, probes the countermeasures and solutions to the parking problems in residential areas from two aspects of parking index and the way of parking facilities.
Study on Performance Index for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures
Authors: Lu Ben Yan , Cai Zhong Bin , Ye Zhong Qin , Chen Ya Jun
Published: August 2012

According to the failure characteristics of reinforced concrete bridge columns and the need of performance based seismic design in bridge, reinforced concrete bridge column performance levels, which are categorized into fully operational, temporarily operational, reparably operational, life safe and near collapse levels are established. To relate bridge damage to socio-economic descriptions at the five designated performance levels, qualitative indices are established. Considering field investigations following a seismic event, quantitative indices for the same five designated performance levels are proposed. Based on the statistical data of 154 seismic performance tests of RC bridge columns with circular section subjected to flexural failure, drift ratio limit for the same five designated performance levels are put forward. It can be used to determine displacement of pier top in performance based seismic design.
Justification of a Fire Model on Predicting Fire in Large Room
Authors: Li Shu Sheng , Gao Ye , Zou Gao Wan , Huo Yan
Published: August 2012

Fire models using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are now popular design or evaluation tools as the computer’s development sharply. By those tools the thermal fire environment can be predicted in a ‘microscopic’ picture with air flow pattern, pressure and temperature contours. However, most of the fire models are only validated by some experiments not specially designed for such purpose, especially for large rooms. In this paper, an existing fire test was used to justify a fire model - FDS4.07 on predicting fires in large room. Smoke layer height and air temperatures inside the room were taken as the parameters. Functional analysis was applied to justify the predictions by the CFD model.
A Study on Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Bannazadeh Bahareh , Zomorodian Zahra Sadat , Maghareh Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2012

Cable-stayed bridges can be recognized as a suitable solution for connecting wide-span crossings. More than 600 cable bridges are constructed in the world till now while this process is in progress and this number is increasing. The span of cable bridges is between 100m to 500m wide usually while length of widest cable bridges has increased up to 1000m during this decade. Construction of such bridges still is so profitable and according to this point studying these bridges seems so important. Cable-stayed bridges are studied from many aspects such as number of spans, number of towers, number of cables and girder types. Among this process, this paper has gathered more than 100 cable stayed bridges around the world in a table and has assessed them based on different parameters and has categorized these bridges in 3 categories of harp, fan and radial. This categorizing has been based on a relationship between the pattern of cables and the width of spans. Fundamentals of this categorizing have been defined in the first step of this paper. In continue the results have been represented. At the end the relationship between the width of span of these bridges and the category will be analyzed and the final conclusion will be presented.
Simulation on Bond Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP
Authors: Lin Xin Yan , Meng Hai Ping
Published: August 2012

The bond behavior on the FRP-concrete interface is a key factor to affect the behavior of members strengthened with FRP. In this paper, an analytical model to simulate the bond behavior on FRP-concrete interface between two adjacent cracks is derived; furthermore, the calculation method of the steel strain at the crack which is the key parameter in this model is given. Comparison between experimental result and theoretical calculation on FRP stain distribution in beam indicates that the analytical model can well predict the test results.
Development and Challenges of Groundwater Heat Pump in China
Authors: Gao Qing , Zhou Xue Zhi , Zhao Xiao Wen , Ma Chun Qiang , Yan Yu Ying
Published: August 2012

A groundwater heat pump (GWHP) is one type of ground source heat pump (GSHP) and is a major form of earth energy utilization, which can realize the direct use of groundwater energy or the reuse of stored underground energy. The energy conservation effect of GWHP plays an important role in the national energy strategy, but the groundwater environment has been affected and even damaged to some extent because of over-exploitation and unreasonable utilization. This paper reviews the development and challenges of GWHP in China and surveys the situation of groundwater utilization, which shows that lack of cognitive ability, scientific constraints and reasonable utilization may bring catastrophic damage to the groundwater. A coming work should aim to more researching basic problems, such as thermal interaction, energy transport in the well field, groundwater contamination, etc. In fact, the characteristics of unsteady and transient heat transfer in the complex underground environment, and their control strategies have been being also the most pressing problem. Their explorations and studies will strengthen the theoretical and practical understanding, and guide an orderly, healthy and sustainable development of GWHP.
Drainaging Technology for Construction Subgrade in the Shallow Groundwater Area
Authors: Yuan Yu Qing , Li Xue Chan , Wen Sen , Huo Wen Bo
Published: August 2012

In order to solve subgrade problems during the road construction in the shallow ground water area, light well point drainage technology is used, combined with the zhengbian logistics road. This paper expounds application principle of the light well point drainage, calculation and construction methods. When using light well point drainage, the appropriate permeability coefficient is 4 m/d relatively. If using water rushed law construction, water pressure should be controlled in 0.3-0.7 MPa. After well point equipment operates for 3-5 days, the foundation will form the precipitation funnel; then, soil can be excavated after drainaging 7-8d. It is shown that the light well point drainaging can reduce underground water lefficiently.
Construction Risk Assessment Research of Continual Rigid Frame Bridge with Concrete-Filled Steel High Piers
Authors: Pan Xiao Dong , Jiang Wei , Qian Bo
Published: August 2012

Engineering bridge construction is a very complicated system work. The potential risk would occur frequently in the process from construction preparation to completion. The bridgework has fundamental features in huge investment, complex technology, broad engineering, long project life cycle and big impact if an accident happened. Compared to other highway construction process,there are more risks in the process of the bridgework. According to the method of steel tube concrete composite column bridge pier construction on bridge engineering, this thesis identifies the bigger risk factors in the procedure with the analytic hierarchy process. Combined with the technology of the MIDAS/CIVIL and imitating upper structure construction of actual construction process, it quantificationally analyses the construction risk. This could be for the reference to risk analysis on bridge project construction.
Technology of Lowering Confined Water for Irregular Foundation Pit with Metro Foundation "Pit-in-pit"
Authors: Zou Ji Cong , Zhou Shun Hua , Gong Quan Mei
Published: August 2012

In the construction of deep, large, and irregular foundation pit, Shanghai Museum of Natural History, with another foundation pit of Metro Line 13 in it, lowering confined water has an large effect on the safety of the foundation pit construction and the protection of the surrounding environment. Many confined water pumping tests were carried out in this construction, and with the help of numerical simulation, the results indicate that the dewatering effect of pumping wells with filter tube of 8 m is better, although two different pumping wells with filter tube of 4 m and 8 m have the same flow rate and influential radius; the barrier effect is not obvious if the depth of underground continuous wall inserted into confined water layer is less than one third of the thickness of confined water layer; it takes less than 360 minutes to reach 80% of the total drawdown, the drawdown decreases to 90% of the total drawdown 10 minutes after the wells are stopped. Then the schemes of dewatering and pumping wells cooperated with the excavation are developed based on the seepage laws.
Exploring the Art of Masahiro Chatani’s Architectural Origami
Authors: Cai Ni Na
Published: August 2012

With the rapid development of the information age, the forms of architecture diversify. Origami, the ancient type of art provides us with infinite source of inspiration. This paper is trying to analyze the beauty of line, strength and space of Masahiro Chatani’s architectural origami, a great Japanese artist, and elaborate the influence of origami on modern architecture. When enjoying the visual feast brought by Masahiro Chatani’s architectural origami, we can get some inspiration from it. Besides architecture, the art of origami is also applied to other modeling designs. Origami is not limited to tow-dimensional plane any more, but expands in three-dimensional space, which is the embodiment of the wisdom of human.
The Influence of Structural Damage on the Vibration Characteristics of Shear-Wall Buildings
Authors: Huang Kai , Zou Li Hua , Chen Jian Mei
Published: August 2012

To understand the higher modal effect on the accuracy of pushover analysis for shear wall structure, the influence of damage on the vibration characteristics of shear-wall structures is investigated. Employing the continuum technique, the shift of modal shapes and periods for the first three modes is obtained when the plastic zone exists in the bottom of the shear wall. It can be conclude that plastic zone may enhance the higher modal effect when the internal force responses of shear walls are considered. The higher modal contribution can not be neglected when computing the nonlinear earthquake responses of shear wall structures.
Study on the Pressure Difference Control in Variable Flow Rate Central Heating Systems
Authors: Qiang Jia Wen , Guo Jian Xiang , Sui Zhong Wei
Published: August 2012

Through analyzing the application of pressure difference control system in variable flow rate central heating system, the evaluation method based on maxim energy consumption calculation is presented. The constant and variable differential pressure control is separately studied, a conclusion is come to that the smaller the differential pressure controlled, the more energy saved, and the variable differential pressure control as far as possible to maintain the hydraulic resistance of system is more efficient.
Analysis of Bridge Health Monitoring System for Hongfenghu Bridge Based on Limited Sensors
Authors: Fu Jun , Qin Yu , Yu Xu Hong , Chen Yan , Shi Xue Ting
Published: August 2012

GuiYang Hongfenghu bridge health monitoring system was designed in this paper. The strain of girder was monitored by FBG sensors and cable force was monitored by piezoelectric accelerometer, meanwhile vertical motion of girder was monitored by vibration accelerometer and inclinator was applied to tower offset monitoring. Then, the information of multi-heterogeneity sensors was integrated to remote monitor by optical fiber transmission.
Research on Evaluation Principle and Method for Green Building
Authors: Yan Bing
Published: August 2012

The architecture of green building is a complex system engineering, it urgently need to build the green building evaluation tools as technical support for operation, and make the multi-level partners who participated in the construction process form the consensus. At present, some related evaluation system has been used for this, but they are not quite suitable for the related factors in building practice activity. Several key problems involved in the construction of green building evaluation tools must hold, such as the evaluation definition, the evaluation purpose, the structure frame, the evaluation scope, the operation index, etc. This paper point out the evaluation tool must have a clear goal for the behavior that would use it or use it as the ultimate objective. The evaluation tool should be concise, seize those important factors, and make its level in order, and finally build the green architecture evaluation system that is consistent with their requirement.
Parametric Modeling of Six Typical Double Reticulated Dome
Authors: Lu Xiao Yang , Wang Qing , Zhao Xiao Wei , Li Kui , Wang Chao
Published: August 2012

Based on the structure features of double reticulated domes, a method for node generation and element connection of six typical double reticulated domes was produced. A macro program was designed by using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). The six typical double reticulated dome modeling was produced under given parameters such as span, rise high, double thickness, grid number in circular and radial direction. It is proved by several examples that this method is simple, efficient and possible. It can be easily used to analyze the internal force and optimized design in shell structures.
Seismic Analysis on Single-Storey Industrial Buildings with Roof of Saddle Plate in Different Span
Authors: Dai Yu Wei , Ding Jian Guo , Wang Chun Xing , Zhang Guo Ping , Chen Lin
Published: August 2012

At present, although the saddle plate is widely used in roof structures of single-storey industrial buildings, the seismic analysis on single-storey industrial buildings with roof of saddle plate in different span is rare. In this paper, we study the structure’s response to the frequent earthquakes and rare earthquakes by ANSYS software. We also discuss the influence on vibration characteristics and the seismic response caused by the change of saddle plate’s span. We draw the conclusion that with the increase of the span, the natural vibration period of the structure, the displacement on the top of columns and the shear force at the bottom of columns increase; but the increase rate decreases with the increase of the span. The conclusions will give a reference to the seismic design of single-storey industrial buildings with saddle plates.
Simulated Shaking Table Test Research of Isolated and Non-Isolated Frame Structure Model
Authors: Tu Hu Bing , Wang Yun , Tan Yuang , Xu Song Lin , Teng Jun
Published: August 2012

“Code for seismic design of buildings”（GB50011-2010）prescribes that for the structure above the isolation layer, seismic intensity can be reduced less than 1 degree when the horizontal damping coefficient is not less than 0.40. Research of seismic performance between non-isolated and isolated frame structures designed based on this rule has not been found. In this paper, 1/3 scale models of a non-isolated and an isolated frame structure are built and shaking table test is conducted to investigate seismic response and damage of structures. Test reveals that isolated structure occurs little damage under different seismic intensity, while damage of non-isolated structure is gradually increasing with the seismic intensity increases and the location of damage is mainly concentrated in the beam end.
Literature Reviews and Summary of Concrete Bridge Seamless Broaden Technology
Authors: Li Fang Yuan , Xie Zheng Yuan , Guo Xiao Shuai
Published: August 2012

When the bridges broaden with seamless technology, there are differences between the existing bridge and the new bridge in design, construction and service. Because of concrete creep and shrinkage, temperature effect and prestress loss, there are stress defects in the seam, which will affect the service and safety. The current methods for the seam in foreign and domestic, such as plant steel and semi-rigid connection method are passive measures based on structure exiting state, which cannot ensure the long-term performance of the seam.
Analysis about Solar Water Heating System and Residential Building Integrated Design
Authors: Wang Xue Ying , Xu Dong , Wu Ya Jun
Published: August 2012

The solar energy is a free from contamination of green energy, the application of solar energy in building is booming in recent years. Solar water heating system in the building and the organic combination are also getting forward. In order to meet the people of high quality life pursuit, more and more housing are designed with solar water heating system. The paper expounds the necessity and importance about solar water heating system integration and illustrates that residential building solar hot water system of building integrated principle, emphasize we should use the life cycle of the technology economic evaluation methods to speed up the establishment residential building solar water heating system and building integrated evaluation system.
Seismic Response Analysis of High Pier and Long Span Rigid Framed Bridge under Non Uniform Excitation
Authors: Yin Can Bin , Yu Fang
Published: August 2012

Taking the Longtan River Bridge as the engineering background , the seismic response analysis of high-pier and long-span continuous rigid-framed bridge considering travelling wave effect is simulated by means of the great mass method . Conclusions are drawn under asynchronous and synchronous excitation respectively , between which comparison indicates that the seismic responses for the main beams of continuous rigid-framed bridge are decreased at various degrees , such as the longitudinal horizontal displacement . The travelling wave effects on the piers are also related to the characteristics and locations of the bridge piers and so on .
Thermal Discomfort Evaluation in Hot Environment
Authors: Sun Yu Ping , Zhu Neng , Tian Zhe , Li Nan , Liu Jia
Published: August 2012

In this study, the subjective emotion, galvanic skin response and sweat rate of 10 volunteers were examined under different climatic conditions in a chamber. The conditions were 25°Cwith 50% relative humidity, 30°Cwith 90% relative humidity, 35°Cwith 90% relative humidity, 40°C with 90% relative humidity. The subjects, aged from 22 to 25 years old, performed sedentary trade with conscious water. All subjects completed the scheduled time of 120 minutes. The study showed that the skin wittedness but not the subjective emotion stimulus affected the galvanic skin response significantly. It indicated that physiology discomfort was the main cause of thermal discomfort, and the influence of psychology was faint in hot environment.
Preserving the Sense of Place: A Case Study of Hawaii State Capitol Building
Authors: Jin Shan , Chen Ke Shi , Liu Kun
Published: August 2012

By featuring buildings as pure objects, modern architecture neglects the implications of what happens in between buildings [1], which is resulting in the disappearance of character of the unique places. Hawaii State Capitol building is a symbol of modern architecture in downtown Honolulu, it adopts modern aesthetic and functional design to reflect the aspirations of a modern and progressive society, yet it is deeply rooted to Hawaiian tropical climate, natural landscape, multi-culture and history. The Capitol building has been merged within the building’s geographical context and culture context. It preserves the Hawaiian sense of place; fosters the sense of belonging for local habitants. The aim of this paper is to investigate how modern architecture can help individual find his place in the midst of nature and in the midst of community under the pressure of social and economic development by taking Hawaii State Capitol building as an example.
Research of Land Layouts around the Square in Winter Cities Based on Microclimate Optimization
Authors: Leng Hong , Jiang Cun Yan
Published: August 2012

To study the effects that land layouts around the square lay on the city square microclimate in winter cities, this paper takes St Alekseev Church as a model and uses the method of numerical simulation CFD to study 8 different land layouts in winter climate conditions. It takes wind velocity and relative temperature field into consideration mainly in the simulation when analyzing the square microclimate. The results of numerical experiment are used to compare different land layouts’ effects on city square microclimate. The analysis results show building sites on windward side of the square can reduce wind velocity effectively; we should try best to avoid negative wind effect in the planning process; the city square microclimate design should be connected with relative planning demands, and mesures should be taken to optimize the layout when the two aspects are not unified.
Bridge Structure Random Reliability Analysis
Authors: Zhang Li Ye , Guo Xue Dong , Dong Li Juan
Published: August 2012

In order to analyse bridge structure system reliability, studied various uncertainty factors on the influence of the bridge reliability, using the stochastic finite element method to analyse bridge reliability, according to the influence of bridge structure reliability uncertainty factors, including geometric parameter uncertainty, material properties uncertainty, the bridge weights uncertainty and the vehicle load uncertainty.According to the bridge actual working condition, respectively used stress and deflection deformation as the bridge structure safety control index, established 2 each reliability function, that is, considered the structure of the two failure mode.Using Monte-Carlo method to analyze the bridge structure reliability, verify the reliability analysis method is feasible, the bridge reliability about sensitivity factors, and provides the basis for the bridge structure reliability analysis.
Damage Identification for Beam Structure Based on Correlation Dimension
Authors: Jiang Mao , Zhou Ling , Li Ying Tao , Zhou Hai Qing , Shao Jun
Published: August 2012

In order to explore the effective damage identification method for structure, the structural vibration signal is directly correlation dimension analyzed according to fractal theory, and structural damage is identified by measuring the singularity in system output, then the method for structural damage identification based on correlation dimension of vibration response is proposed. The damage analysis results of a simply supported beam demonstrate that, the proposed method can accurately detect single and multi different degree damage’s location of beam structure, and alteration of correlation dimension will increase along with the damage degree
The Construction Technology and Control Points of Composite Bailey Beam and Fastener-Style Steel Pipe Group Support
Authors: Cheng Xian Feng
Published: August 2012

The composite bailey beam and fastener-style steel pipe group support possesses the characteristic of low security risk and construction cost. But its vertical crossing scope of the working area is comparatively huge with many factors which would influence the construction. Therefore, it is required to organize the construction meticulously, improve the construction technology and clarify the construction control points.
Rationalize the Usage of Fabric Art for Interior Design
Authors: Wang Chen Guan , Cui Yu Mei , Xu Ting Ting
Published: August 2012

Fabric art plays a vital role in the interior design. It is the most widely used elements in the interior ornament, including yarn, mantle, bedding, sofa, carpets, wall hangings and the cover of furniture …, almost everything. In general, in addition to a decorative role, the fabric art also has the following functions: Dividing the interior space; strengthen the privacy protection; integration of the relationship between human and space, materialized occupant‘s personality. But a professional design project is systematic. It is not to decorate a space simply. So, depending on fabric art excessively to decorate a space is not right and it is worth discussing how to use fabric art reasonably.
A Novel Method to Seal the Edge of the Vacuum Glazing
Authors: Zhang Xin Lin , Zhao Jun Yan , Luo Shi Yong , Xu Wen Cai
Published: August 2012

Vacuum glazing is a new building material with excellent energy conservation and sound insulation properties. Usually, the edge sealing layer between two sheets of glass substrates are prepared by spraying the seal glass paste and then sintering. In the present research, a more effective preparation method is reported. The edge sealing layer is prepared with a glass paste by screen printing, and then sintering. The glass paste for the preparation of edge sealing layer of vacuum glazing was prepared by using low melting glass powder, ZrW2O8 powder with negative coefficient of thermal expansion and ethyl cellulose terpineol solution. The test result of the shear strength of the sealing layer indicated that the sealing is reliable.
The Square Steel Tube Columns Filled with Steel-Reinforced Concrete Bias Supporting Capacity Unified Solution
Authors: Liu Zhi Jie , Zhao Jun Hai , Yu Xu Guang , Su Gai Qin , Zhao Xin
Published: August 2012

The eccentric ultimate load calculation formula of square steel tube columns filled with steel-reinforced concrete was derived based on the Unified Strength Theory in this paper. The influence of intermediate principal stress and the restriction effect and the decrease of longitudinal stress were considered in the formula. Based on the axial compression load and the effect of consider the eccentricity ratio and slenderness ratio on the hearing capacity was considered, by introducing the reduction factor of concrete strength and the equivalent restriction reduction factor, the confinement of square steel tube towards concrete was equivalent to the confinement of circular steel tube towards it, based on unified strength theory solutions of thick tube, the calculation formula of eccentric compression bearing capacity of square steel tube columns filled with steel-reinforced concrete was deduced and analysed the influence complication. The results indicate unified strength theory has the good applicability and the solution has an important practical value for engineering application.
Monotonic Behaviors of Steel Frames with Sandwich Composite Panel Infills: Theoretical and Numerical
Authors: Liu Miao , Sun Yan Fei , Qiu C.X. , Hou He Tao
Published: August 2012

Abstract: Analysis of infilled frames is one of the most complicated problems in the structural engineering field. This complication is mainly attributed to the existence of the variety and complex of the infills and the difficulty in modeling the infill-frames interaction. In the present paper, with the aim to study the integral behavior of the single-story single-bay steel frames with sandwich composite panel infills, a proper computational model (the panel is simplified into an equivalent pin-jointed diagonal strut) is proposed. In the theoretical study, both of the panels and steel frames are assumed to be in the linear elastic state for simplicity’s sake, and then the cross-section area of the equivalent strut is obtained by imposing the initial lateral stiffness of actual structure equal to that of simplified model. As a support of the discussion, several numerical models under monotonic lateral loadings are performed by software ABAQUS, in order to verify the theoretical analysis. Finally, results from theoretical study and numerical modeling are compared, which give a satisfactory correlation between them.
Fatigue Experiments of Simulating Propagating Process of Reflective Cracking in Asphalt Concrete Overlays
Authors: Yin Ying Mei
Published: August 2012

In order to simulate reflective cracking of asphalt overlays or semi-rigid asphalt pavements in lab and evaluate the reflective crack resistance performance of with and without interlayer, a finite element analysis model based on the asphalt pavement, of which the semi-rigid base has cracked, is conducted and established through some basic assumptions in this paper. According to the results of pavement mechanical analysis and some literatures review, a laboratory reflective cracking simulation model was designed to compare the resistances of reflective cracking of different mixture samples. In order to compare the reflective cracking of different test samples, a dense grade asphalt mixture AC-20I with and without interlayer were used in the test. The results shows that asphalt mixture beams containing geotechnical fabrics can effectively delay the appearance of the reflective cracking at the bottom of the asphalt mixture beam and evidently reduce the propagation speed of reflective cracking while the beams containing geogrid can also hold back reflective cracking to a certain extent, but not as much as geotechnical fabrics did. It was proved that the model designed through finite element analysis (FEA) can simulate the reflective cracking caused by load and evaluate the reflective cracking resistance performance of different asphalt mixtures well and asphalt mixtures with fabrics can mitigate and delay reflective cracking effectively.
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Stiffened T-Shaped Thin-Walled Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Composite Columns
Authors: Li Bai Shou , Jin Ai Hua
Published: August 2012

Based on the characteristics of the special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubes and consideration of material nonlinearity of constitutive relation, stimulation of 6 T-shaped thin-walled ribbed and un-ribbed concrete-filled steel tube short columns is implemented, as well as comparable analysis of stress, strain, displacement and bearing capacity, through the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The result indicates that the rib can effectively improve the ductility, delaying the buckling occurs, which enhances the core concrete confinement effect, so as the stimulated ultimate bearing capacity which is greater than nominal ultimate bearing capacity.
Test Research on Self-Tapping Screw Joints of Cold-Formed Steel Frame Shear Walls
Authors: She Chen Gang , Liu Yan , Xu Yuan Fei
Published: August 2012

Two different types, one is the OSB panel perpendicular to the cold-formed thin steel and another the OSB panel parallel to the cold-formed thin steel, of self-tapping screw joints of cold-formed steel frame shear walls are tested under the monotonic loading. The load-displacement curves of the test specimens are obtained and the ultimate loads Fu and the corresponding displacements δu of two different types are analyzed. Fianlly, the conclusion that the influence from the direction between OSB and cold-formed thin steel to the performance of tapping screw joints is not significant is pointed up.
Study on the Application Pattern of Solar Energy of Rural House in the Cold Area
Authors: Xu Dong , Wang Xue Ying , Wu Ya Jun
Published: August 2012

China's rural residential energy consumption increase constantly, and explore practical rural residential solar energy application technology, solve the energy problem of heating in winter, improve the living standards of the people, and improve the quality of life, to accelerate the pace of China's overall energy conservation of the building is of vital importance. Through investigation method, the cold areas of the present situation, the rural housing live characteristics, the peasant's living standard, the solar energy application investigated. The sun room types, characteristics, collection hot parts design points are analyzed. At present, the passive solar houses, because of its simple structure, low cost, is suitable for application in rural areas, the highly development prospects.
Study of Energy-Efficient Remodeling Strategy for Office-Building Based on Whole-Building Systems Approach
Authors: Ren Nai Xin , Fan Ruan , Zhang Jiu Hong , Jiang Wen Jie , Ming Han
Published: August 2012

Based on the whole-building systems approach that takes the entire office-building components as a system, which contains building site and its climate, air sealing and insulation of thermal envelop, energy-using equipment, we studied the appropriate energy-efficient remodeling strategy for wall, roof, window, door, HVAC system, lighting and lift in office-building.
Study of a Constructed Wetland-Pond System for Treatment from Campus Buildings
Authors: Ou Wen Sheng , Lin Jun Hong
Published: August 2012

A constructed wetland-pond system consisting of a subsurface-flow (SSF) wetland, and a scenic pond in series was used for reclamation of septic tank effluent from a campus building. The results show that SSF wetlands effectively removed major pollutants under a hydraulic loading rate between 3.6 and 7.1 cm/d, with average efficiencies ranging from 85% to 86% for TSS, and 71% to 84% for BOD5. There were a variety of ornamental plants and aquatic animals established in the scenic pond with good water quality, thus enhancing landscape and ecology amenity in campuses.
Influencing Factors of Low-Grade Energy Conversion System Using ORCs
Authors: Wei Li Li , Zhang Yu Feng , Mu Yong Chao , Yang Xiao Chen , Ma Hong Ting
Published: August 2012

Rankine cycles using organic working fluids are widely believed feasible in recovering low enthalpy-containing heat. Through the analysis, the enthalpy difference, the dryness of inlet wet steam and evaporating and condensing temperature have significant influence on the energy conversion efficiency. The power output also relies on the specific volume and latent heat, which determine the mass flow rate. The results serve good guideline for experiments and systematic optimization.
Optimization of Public Building Energy Design Schemes Base on the Minimizing of Operating Energy Consumption
Authors: Chen Min , Pang Min Jie , Fang Hong Guang
Published: August 2012

Firstly, this paper introduced several kinds of frequently-used thermal insulation system, which included exterior wall insulation system, doors and windows insulation system and roof insulation system. Secondly, the principle and method of the consumption simulation of the public buildings are expatiated on, including software simulation principle, design process and the setting of related parameters. Thirdly, taking a public building in Nantong, Jiangsu province as an example, the operating energy consumption of different energy-saving design schemes are simulated with the Tangent Building Energy-saving Computation (TBEC) software, and the energy saving design schemes of the public building are optimized in the view of minimizing the energy consumption. At last some references of public building energy saving design are provided.
The Strategy of Passive Solar Energy Utilization of Rural House in the Cold Areas
Authors: Wang Fei , Dong Yu
Published: August 2012

Passive solar energy utilization of rural house is simple to apply, easy to operate, suiting for our country current rural house design conditions in the cold areas. It has great significance to take the appropriate strategy of passive solar energy utilization, according to local conditions and times, the climatic characteristics and level of technology of the cold areas. This paper discussed the layout, collection of solar energy, utilization of solar energy and other aspects of contents, pointing out that the significance of the passive solar energy utilization of rural house is not merely to reduce energy consumption, more importantly, it adopted the environmental passive strategy, interpreted the relationship between man and nature, architecture and nature from a new aspect.
The Process of Urbanization and Urban Ecological Environment Sustainable Development Research
Authors: Hao Guo Fang
Published: August 2012

With China's rapid economic growth, Environmental pollution and ecological damage is becoming more serious. City environment problems become more and more get attention.,but,Small town environmental protection and management is a relatively weak link. Through the Xiaogan Anlu district environmental investigation, A comprehensive analysis of the Anlu environmental pollution source and pollution causes, And on this basis,to concluded the environmental pollution control measures about small town.