bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kilogram-scale fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles modified with carbon dots with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Zhang Jiayan , Tao Feifei , Liang Pengfei , Zhang Pingan
Published: March 2023

A kilogram-scale CDs/TiO2 composite displays enhanced photocatalytic activity and excellent stability for the degradation of methyl orange under visible-light irradiation.
Recent progress in the homogeneous gold-catalysed cycloisomerisation reactions
Authors: Kumar Mahender , Kaliya Kajal , Maurya Sushil K.
Published: March 2023

This review focuses on recent advancements in the efficacy of gold catalysts for the cycloisomerisation of ynamides, diynes, and 1,n-enynes to build complex molecules, with critical insight into their mechanism and reaction scope.
Visualizing intracellular dynamics with AIE probes
Authors: Lee Michelle M. S. , Yu Eric Y. , Chau Joe H. C. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2023

This work summarizes the recent development of AIE probes to unveil intracellular processes, covering from intracellular microenvironment monitoring to tracing intracellular bioprocesses.
Understanding green-hydrocarbon production through the strategy of biomass ketalization reaction
Authors: N. dos Santos Débora , J. F. S. Henrique Fábio , Lam Yiu Lau , Pereira Marcelo M.
Published: March 2023

The use of oil refineries to convert second generation biomass (BM) into fuels is a powerful approach to reduce the carbon footprint.
Modulation of wetting of stimulus responsive polymer brushes by lipid vesicles: experiments and simulations
Authors: Weissenfeld Felix , Wesenberg Lucia , Nakahata Masaki , Müller Marcus , Tanaka Motomu
Published: March 2023

The interactions between an axially symmetric lipid vesicle and substrate coated with stimulus responsive polymer brushes have been studied by simulation and experiment through the systematic analysis of the shape and adhesion contact.
Ultrathin flexible electrochromic devices enabled by highly transparent ion-conducting films
Authors: Gong Hui , Li Ang , Fu Guoxing , Zhang Meiyu , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Qianqian , Zhou Kailing , Liu Jingbing , Wang Hao
Published: March 2023

A novel ion conducting film (ICF) and multicolor PANI electrochromic material were exploited for ultrathin and flexible electrochromic devices.
A compact interphase involving a reversible redox couple stabilizes a 4.6 V LiCoO2 cathode
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Liu Chengwu , Zhang Haikuo , Li Ruhong , Lv Ling , Lu Di , Zhang Shuoqing , Xiao Xuezhang , Geng Shujiang , Wang Fuhui , Deng Tao , Chen Lixin , Fan Xiulin
Published: March 2023

A reversible SO42−/S2O32− redox couple is introduced to passivate the LCO cathode surface via an additive-assisted electrolyte, which endows high-voltage Li ion batteries with superior cycling stability.
Engineered collagen polymeric materials create noninflammatory regenerative microenvironments that avoid classical foreign body responses
Authors: Morrison Rachel A. , Brookes Sarah , Puls Theodore J. , Cox Abigail , Gao Hongyu , Liu Yunlong , Voytik-Harbin Sherry L.
Published: March 2023

Engineered collagen polymeric scaffolds exhibit regenerative remodeling without eliciting a foreign body reaction, fibrosis, or bioresorption.
An ionic gel incorporating copper nanodots with antibacterial and antioxidant dual functions for deep tissue penetration treatment of periodontitis in rats
Authors: Gao Yiru , Zhang Wenxin , Xue Rong , Shu Yang , Wang Jianhua
Published: March 2023

Copper nanodots (Cu-NDs) ionic gel was developed with tissue adhesion, tissue penetration, antibacterial property and anti-inflammation for treatment of periodontitis.
Magnetic structures and excitations in sawtooth olivine chalcogenides Mn2SiX4 (X = S, Se)
Authors: Mandujano Hector C. , Tafere Melaku Sisay , Chogondahalli Muniraju Naveen Kumar , Creason Tielyr D. , McWhorter Timothy M. , Gofryk Krzysztof , Heitmann Thomas W. , Zhang Qiang , Saparov Bayram , Nair Harikrishnan S.
Published: March 2023

The Mn magnetic lattice in olivine chalcogenide Mn2SiX4 (X = S, Se) compounds forms a sawtooth, which is of special interest in magnetism owing to the possibility of realizing flat bands in magnon spectra, a key component in magnonics.
Amyloid inhibition by molecular chaperones in vitro can be translated to Alzheimer's pathology in vivo
Authors: Abelein Axel , Johansson Jan
Published: March 2023

Molecular chaperones are important components in the cellular quality-control machinery and increasing evidence points to potential new roles for them as suppressors of amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers disease.
Insights into targeting SARS-CoV-2: design, synthesis,in silicostudies and antiviral evaluation of new dimethylxanthine derivatives
Authors: Mohamed Abdalla R. , Mostafa Ahmed , El Hassab Mahmoud A. , Hedeab Gomaa M. , Mahmoud Sara H. , George Riham F. , Georgey Hanan H. , Abdel Gawad Nagwa M. , El-Ashrey Mohamed K.
Published: March 2023

The expanded structure- and ligand-based drug design strategy was utilized to obtain a multitargeting SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, compound 9a, with an IC50value of 8.86 μM.
N,N′-Dimethylurea as an efficient ligand for the synthesis of pharma-relevant motifs through Chan–Lam cross-coupling strategy
Authors: Saikia Rakhee , Das Sanghamitra , Almin Arzu , Mahanta Abhijit , Sarma Bipul , Thakur Ashim J. , Bora Utpal
Published: March 2023

The combination of copper andN,N′-dimethylurea is used to showcase the Chan–LamN-arylation of three different nitrogen nucleophiles. The synthesized catalyst is cheap, chemoselective, and also found to be effective in theN-arylation of target APIs.
Highly reversible Li/Li2S3 batteries with an advanced cathode structure
Authors: Wang Zhong , Ye Fangmin , Ma Zeyun , Jiang Yongming , Liu Meinan
Published: March 2023

A Li2S3-based cathode can contribute to a highly reversible Li2S3/Li cell and displays a potential application in a Li-free battery system.
Multidimensional MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials for multifunctional applications
Authors: Xu Shaojie , Dong Anrui , Hu Yue , Yang Zhi , Huang Shaoming , Qian Jinjie
Published: March 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become popular precursors for the construction of porous carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) with inherited characteristics and advantages, showing great potential in environment and energy applications.
Solution phase treatments of Sb2Se3 heterojunction photocathodes for improved water splitting performance
Authors: Adams Pardis , Creazzo Fabrizio , Moehl Thomas , Crockett Rowena , Zeng Peng , Novotny Zbynek , Luber Sandra , Yang Wooseok , Tilley S. David
Published: March 2023

The PEC performance of antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is increased by removing oxide impurities from the surface using (NH4)2S etching solution and passivating dangling bonds with a CuCl2 solution treatment.
An extended π-conjugated organosulfide-based cathode for highly reversible sodium metal batteries
Authors: Li Xin , Si Yubing , Tang Shuai , Fu Yongzhu
Published: March 2023

The extended conjugated structure of THT enables THT weak binding with the electrolyte, and large conjugated THT can be confined by the nanochannels in the Nafion membrane. Therefore, the shuttle effect of THT is greatly mitigated.
The Ni4−xCoxNb2O9 phase diagram: from magnetization reversal to linear magnetoelectricity
Authors: Jiongo-Dongmo J. N. , Bolletta J. P. , Maignan A. , Damay F. , Martin C.
Published: March 2023

The Ni4−xCoxNb2O9 phase diagram is very rich with two structures depending on x, both derived from corundum, in which exotic magnetic properties are developed, ranging from FIM with magnetization reversal to AFM with linear magnetoelectricity.
Why should and how can quantum technologies be leveraged at national levels?
Authors: Baitulmal AbdulMalek , Adem Nadia
Published: March 2023

Quantum technologies (QT) promise to change the landscape of technologies disruptively in diverse industries. For this reason, many nations around the globe are investing to emerge within the global quantum ecosystem through initiating national programmes and international partnerships. Nonetheless, some other countries are still running behind and yet their governments need to take series actions to help their private and public sectors adapt to the looming changes, considering the new regulations required and the huge influence that QT will present in the near future. In this opinion piece, the authors provide, to the best of their knowledge, the first generally applicable, yet comprehensive and brief, framework for leveraging the emerging QT to facilitate the establishment of national initiatives properly. The insights presented in this article were driven based on investigating various approaches, initiatives, and roadmaps adopted globally and meeting with local and regional leaders, professionals, and governmental officials. Furthermore, taken into account socioeconomic and institutional dimensions of the Libyan society, the framework for the Libyan nation is projected. This opinion piece is intended to inspire researchers, technical industrial experts, stakeholders, and governmental bodies to find roles they need to play to bring QT forward.
Exploring the environment, magnetic fields, and feedback effects of massive high-redshift galaxies with [C II]
Authors: Kade K. , Knudsen K. K. , Vlemmings W. , Stanley F. , Gullberg B. , König S.
Published: March 2023

Context. Massive galaxies are expected to grow through different transformative evolutionary phases. High-redshift starburst galaxies and quasars are thought to be such phases and thus provide insight into galaxy evolution. Several physical mechanisms are predicted to play an important role in driving these phases; for example, interaction with companion galaxies, active galactic nuclei feedback, and possibly magnetic fields.

Aims. Our aim is to characterize the physical properties and the environment of the submillimeter galaxy AzTEC-3 at z = 5.3 and the lensed quasar BRI 0952−0115 at z = 4.4, and to set a limit on the polarization properties of the two sources. We intend to place these two sources in the broader context of galaxy evolution, specifically star formation and mass growth through cosmic time.

Methods. We used full polarization, sub-arcsecond-resolution, ALMA band-7 observations of both BRI 0952−0115 and AzTEC-3. We detect [C II] (2P3/2−2P1/2) line emission towards both BRI 0952−0115 and AzTEC-3, along with companions in each field. We present an updated gravitational lensing model for BRI 0952−0115 for correction of gravitational magnification.

Results. We present infrared luminosities, star-formation rates, and [C II] line to infrared luminosity ratios for each source. The [C II] emission line profile for both BRI 0952−0115 and AzTEC-3 exhibit a broad, complex morphology, indicating the possible presence of outflows. We present evidence of a “gas bridge” between AzTEC-3 and a companion source. Modified blackbody spectral energy distribution fitting is used to analyze the properties of [C II] detected companion sources in the field of both the submillimeter galaxy and the quasar. We investigated the possible role of the detected companions in outflow signatures. Using a simple dynamical mass estimate for the sources, we suggest that both systems are undergoing minor or major mergers. No polarization is detected for the [C II], placing an upper limit below that of theoretical predictions.

Conclusions. Our results show that high-velocity wings are detected, indicating possible signs of massive outflows; however, the presence of companion galaxies can affect the final interpretation. Furthermore, the results provide additional evidence in support of the hypothesis that massive galaxies form in overdense regions, growing through minor or major mergers with companion sources. Finally, strong, ordered magnetic fields are unlikely to exist at the kiloparsec scale in the two studied sources.
Paradigmatic examples for testing models of optical light polarization by spheroidal dust
Authors: Peest C. , Siebenmorgen R. , Heymann F. , Vannieuwenhuyse T. , Baes M.
Published: March 2023

We present a general framework on how the polarization of radiation due to scattering, dichroic extinction, and birefringence of aligned spheroidal dust grains can be implemented and tested in 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) codes. We derive a methodology for solving the radiative transfer equation governing the changes of the Stokes parameters in dust-enshrouded objects. We utilize the Müller matrix and the extinction, scattering, linear, and circular polarization cross sections of spheroidal grains as well as electrons. An established MCRT code is used, and its capabilities are extended to include the Stokes formalism. We compute changes in the polarization state of the light by scattering, dichroic extinction, and birefringence on spheroidal grains. The dependency of the optical depth and the albedo on the polarization is treated. The implementation of scattering by spheroidal grains both for random walk steps as well as for directed scattering (peel-off) are described. The observable polarization of radiation of the objects is determined through an angle binning method for photon packages that leaves the model space as well as through an inverse ray-tracing routine for the generation of images. We present paradigmatic examples for which we derive analytical solutions of the optical light polarization by spheroidal dust particles. These tests are suited for benchmark verification of MCPOLand other such codes and allow the numerical precision reached by these codes to be quantified. We demonstrate that MCPOLis in excellent agreement (within ~0.1%) of the Stokes parameters when compared to the analytical solutions.
Spatially resolving polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Herbig Ae disks with VISIR-NEAR at the VLT
Authors: Yoffe G. , van Boekel R. , Li A. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Maaskant K. , Siebenmorgen R. , van den Ancker M. , dit de la Roche D. J. M. Petit , Lopez B. , Matter A. , Varga J. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Weigelt G. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Pantin E. , Meyer M. R. , Augereau J.-C. , Henning Th.
Published: March 2023

Context. The emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) arises from the uppermost layers of protoplanetary disks, higher than the optical/near-infrared scattered light and similar to the emission from the highly thick 12CO millimeter lines. The PAH intensity profiles trace the gas distribution and can constrain the penetration depth of UV radiation.

Aims. We aim to constrain the spatial intensity profiles of the four strongest PAH emission features in the telluric N-band spectral region. Thereby, we seek to constrain the dependence of PAH properties on the (radial) location in the disk, such as charge state, the interrelation with the presence and dynamics of small silicate grains, and the correlation of PAH emission with gas or dust.

Methods. We used the long-slit spectroscopy mode of the VISIR-NEAR experiment to perform diffraction-limited observations of eight nearby Herbig Ae protoplanetary disks. We extracted spectra for various locations along the slit with a spectral resolution of R ≈ 300 and performed a compositional fit at each spatial location using spectral templates of silicates and the four PAH bands. This yields the intensity versus location profiles of each species.

Results. We obtained spatially resolved intensity profiles of the PAH emission features in the N band for five objects (AB Aurigae, HD 97048, HD 100546, HD 163296, and HD 169142). We observe two kinds of PAH emission geometry in our sample: centrally peaked (HD 97048) and ring-like (AB Aurigae, HD 100546, HD 163296, and potentially HD 169142). Comparing the spatial PAH emission profiles with near-infrared scattered light images, we find a strong correlation in the disk substructure but a difference in radial intensity decay rate. The PAH emission shows a less steep decline with distance from the star. Finally, we find a correlation between the presence of (sub)micron-sized silicate grains and the depletion of PAH emission within the inner regions of the disks.

Conclusions. In this work we find the following: (1) PAH emission traces the extent of Herbig Ae disks to a considerable radial distance. (2) The correlation between the presence of silicate emission within the inner regions of disks and the depletion of PAH emission can result from dust-mixing and PAH coagulation mechanisms and competition over UV photons. (3) For all objects in our sample, PAHs undergo stochastic heating across the entire spatial extent of the disk and are not saturated. (4) The difference in radial intensity decay rates between the PAHs and scattered-light profiles may be attributed to shadowing and dust-settling effects, which impact the scattering grains more so than the PAHs.
Possible origin of the non-detection of metastable He I in the upper atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-80b
Authors: Fossati L. , Pillitteri I. , Shaikhislamov I. F. , Bonfanti A. , Borsa F. , Carleo I. , Guilluy G. , Rumenskikh M. S.
Published: March 2023

Aims. We aim to constrain the origin of the non-detection of the metastable He I triplet at ≈10 830 Å obtained for the hot Jupiter WASP-80b.

Methods. We measure the X-ray flux of WASP-80 from archival observations and use it as input to scaling relations accounting for the coronal [Fe/O] abundance ratio in order to infer the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux in the 200–504 Å range, which controls the formation of metastable He I. We run three-dimensional (magneto) hydrodynamic simulations of the expanding planetary upper atmosphere interacting with the stellar wind to study the impact on the He I absorption of the stellar high-energy emission, the He/H abundance ratio, the stellar wind, and the possible presence of a planetary magnetic field up to 1 G.

Results. For low-stellar-EUV emission, which is favoured by the measured log R′HK value, the He I non-detection can be explained by a solar He/H abundance ratio in combination with a strong stellar wind, by a subsolar He/H abundance ratio, or by a combination of the two. For a high stellar EUV emission, the non-detection implies a subsolar He/H abundance ratio. A planetary magnetic field is unlikely to be the cause of the non-detection.

Conclusions. The low-EUV stellar flux driven by the low [Fe/O] coronal abundance is the likely primary cause of the He I non-detection. High-quality EUV spectra of nearby stars are urgently needed to improve the accuracy of high-energy emission estimates, which would then enable the employment of observations to constrain the planetary He/H abundance ratio and the stellar wind strength. This would greatly enhance the information that can be extracted from He I atmospheric characterisation observations.
Bubbles and outflows: The novel JWST/NIRSpec view of the z = 1.59 obscured quasar XID2028
Authors: Cresci G. , Tozzi G. , Perna M. , Brusa M. , Marconcini C. , Marconi A. , Carniani S. , Brienza M. , Giroletti M. , Belfiore F. , Ginolfi M. , Mannucci F. , Ulivi L. , Scholtz J. , Venturi G. , Arribas S. , Übler H. , D’Eugenio F. , Mingozzi M. , Balmaverde B. , Capetti A. , Parlanti E. , Zana T.
Published: March 2023

Quasar feedback in the form of powerful outflows is invoked as a key mechanism to quench star formation in galaxies, although direct observational evidence is still scarce and debated. Here we present Early Release Science JWST NIRSpec IFU observations of the z = 1.59 prototypical obscured Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) XID2028: This target represents a unique test case for studying quasar feedback at the peak epoch of AGN-galaxy co-evolution because extensive multi-wavelength coverage is available and a massive and extended outflow is detected in the ionised and molecular components. With the unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution of the JWST, the NIRSpec dataset reveals a wealth of structures in the ionised gas kinematics and morphology that were previously hidden in the seeing-limited ground-based data. In particular, we find evidence of an interaction between the interstellar medium of the galaxy and the quasar-driven outflow and radio jet that produces an expanding bubble from which the fast and extended wind detected in previous observations emerges. The new observations confirm the complex interplay between the AGN jet, wind and the interstellar medium of the host galaxy, highlighting the role of low-luminosity radio jets in AGN feedback. They also clearly show the new window that NIRSpec opens for detailed studies of feedback at high redshift.
Nature of continuum emission in the source of the water maser super-flare G25.65+1.04
Authors: Bayandina O. S. , Burns R. A. , Kurtz S. E. , Moscadelli L. , Sobolev A. M. , Stecklum B. , Val’tts I. E.
Published: March 2023

Context. The G25.65+1.04 source is one of the few known ‘super-flare’ water masers in the Milky Way, but in contrast to other super-flare sources, it remains the least studied. In fact, even the nature of the source driving the water maser is still unclear.

Aims. With this project, we aim to clarify the composition and properties of the G25.65+1.04 region by means of examining the parameters of the continuum sources and establishing their association with masers of different types.

Methods. Our previous VLA (Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array) observation detected four continuum peaks (VLA 1-4), three of which (VLA 1-3) were closely spaced and presented a linear orientation. However, the observation, which used the VLA B configuration, lacked the spatial resolution to resolve individual sources. A higher-resolution (A configuration) VLA observation of the continuum and spectral lines was conducted in 2019 using the L, S, C, and Ku bands.

Results. For the first time, the continuum source VLA 1 – associated with the flaring water maser – is resolved into two components: VLA 1A and 1B. The component VLA 1A and the water maser are found to spatially coincide and are thought to be powered by the same source, a protostar at an early stage of evolution showing active ejection. We argue that VLA 2 pinpoints an actively ejecting high-mass protostar, as it is associated with a 6.7 GHz methanol maser and a magnetised jet traced by a 22 GHz H2O maser. Highly polarised OH maser emission is detected in the vicinity of VLA 1-2, with the brightest OH maser found in VLA 2. The magnetic field, identified from the OH maser emission, ranges from ∼ + 0.4 mG in VLA 1A to ∼ − 8 mG in VLA 2.

Conclusions. The G25.65+1.04 region is found to consist of at least two young stellar objects: VLA 1A and VLA 2. Both sources are found to be at an active accretion and ejection stage of evolution.
Modeling contact binaries
Authors: Fabry M. , Marchant P. , Langer N. , Sana H.
Published: March 2023

Context. It is common for massive stars to engage in binary interactions. In close binaries, the components can enter a contact phase, when both stars simultaneously overflow their respective Roche lobes. While observational constraints on the stellar properties of such systems exist, the most detailed stellar evolution models that feature a contact phase are not fully reconcilable with those measurements.

Aims. We aim to consistently model the contact phases of binary stars in a 1D stellar evolution code. To this end, we have developed a methodology to account for energy transfer in the common contact layers.

Methods. We implemented an approximative model for energy transfer between the components of a contact binary based on the von Zeipel theorem in the stellar evolution code MESA. We compared structure and evolution models both with and without this transfer. We then analyzed the implications for the observable properties of the contact phase.

Results. Implementing energy transfer helps in eliminating baroclinicity in the common envelope between the components of a contact binary, which (if present) would drive strong thermal flows. We find that accounting for energy transfer in massive contact binaries significantly alters the mass ratio evolution and can extend the lifetime of an unequal mass ratio contact system.
Utilization of Green Tea Extract on Anti-aging Cream with Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Tertiary Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ): Physical Stability Aspect
Authors: Muntu Cynthia Marisca , Yuwono Yulianita , Avanti Christina , Fayiz Mousa Atoum Manar
Published: March 2023

Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is a potent natural ingredient with flavonoid content that can be used as an antioxidant and anti-aging for skincare products. The formula containing green tea extract is usually formulated as oil in water emulsion or cream. The active components of green tea are catechins which are characterized as less stable against oxidation. Therefore, it is needed to add other antioxidants such as ButylatedHydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Tertiary–Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) to protect the product from degradation. The aim of this study was to obtain a physically stable antiaging cream formula. Each formula was tested for physical stability by measuring several variables including organoleptic, pH, relative density, viscosity, and flow properties, as well as droplet size. Accelerated stability testing is carried out for 3 mo at 40 °C and 75 % relative humidity. The results found that cream with the BHT formula is more stable than the TBHQ formula in terms of the parameters of density and droplet size. While the TBHQ formula only gave better stability in pH, the other variables from both formulas remain stable in 3 mo. It can be concluded that the green tea extract cream with BHT antioxidant is more stable than the TBHQ.
Sterilization of Ready to Serve Product for Special Needs of Hajj and Umrah: Skipjack Tuna in A Retort Pouch Package
Authors: Azhari Elsa , Subroto Aliredjo Muhamad , Heri Purnomo Agus , Damat Damat , Mel Maizirwan , Krido Wahono Satriyo , Suherman Suherman , Yandri Erkata
Published: March 2023

One crucial period in the provision of food for Hajj/Umrah is the time between opening the package and consuming it by the pilgrims. This study aimed to determine the sterilization time to prevent damage and maintain acceptance by consumers. The methodology of this research was sterilization with variations in retort pressure settings and raw materials: (A) 1.8 bar pressure, 100 % skipjack; (B) 1.2 bar pressure, 90 % skipjack; (C) 1.2 bar pressure, 70 % skipjack; (D) 1.8 bar pressure, 50 % skipjack. The analysis included two components. The (i) was the determination of the adequacy of sterilization time, the (ii) was the observation of quality deterioration, which was based on organoleptic and Total Plate Count. The results showed that the adequacy of sterilization for variations A, B, C, and D was: 121.5 °C for 4.8 min; 114.5 °C for 4.8 min; 115.4 °C for 5.31 min, and 124.0 °C for 13.4 min. TPC analysis, which was carried out at 0 h, 3 h, 9 h, and 12 h in a row were 4 × 100, 2 × 102, 2 × 102, and 3 × 103. In terms of consumer acceptance, sterilized products have good values, with organoleptic values ranging from 7.8 to 8.2 (scale 1 to 10).
Production and Nutrient Value of Elephant Grass in Agroforestry Systems in Indonesia
Authors: Dwi Purbajanti Endang , Wisnu Widjajanto Didik , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih , Hussain Zahid , Ekawati Ida
Published: March 2023

Research on elephant grass with 2 x 2 factorial repeated five times has been carried out at AGRO-1 and AGRO-2, Tuntang watershed. Observed variables were: plant height, forage production, dry matter content, crude protein, crude fiber. Soil samples were observed including soil bulk density, pH, and total N. Plant height in AGRO-1 was higher (85.1 cm) than in the AGRO-2 system (71.5 cm). Season affects plant growth as indicated by lower plant height in the dry season (66.8 cm) than in the rainy season (89.8 cm). The AGRO-1 system has a better forage yield than the AGRO-2 system. Forage dry matter varies between agroforestry systems and seasons. The lowest DM is in the rainy season at AGRO-1. Crude protein in AGRO-1 is lower than in AGRO-2. The highest protein content in AGRO-1 in the rainy season (11.3 %), the lowest in AGRO-2 in the dry season (6.0 %). The crude fiber of elephant grass in AGRO-2 is higher than in AGRO-1. The crude fiber content in the dry season is higher than in the rainy season. The conclusion of this study was that elephant grass in AGRO-1 had better growth, production, and quality than in AGRO-2.
Biodiesel Industrial Waste based onJatropha curcasas a Fungicide to ControlFusarium oxysporumandAlternaria solani
Authors: Sukorini Henik , Erni Widyastuti Dyah , Kurniawati Dini , Suwannarat Sawita , Mel Maizirwan , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy
Published: March 2023

Fusarium oxysporum(Schlecht. emend. Snyder & Hansen.) is the most devastating pathogens causing wilt disease on the tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicumL.) plant, whereasAlternaria solani(Sorauer), is a pathogen that caused early blight on potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL.)Jatropha curcasL. is a biodiesel material known as a potential fungicide. The industrial biodiesel waste based onJ. curcaswas not yet observed, particularly on the utilization of waste mainly for green manure and biogas. This research aimed to evaluatetheextract of industrial biodiesel waste based onJ. curcasagainstF. oxysporumandA. solani. There were 2 × 103 mg L-1 , 4 × 103 mg L-1 , 6 × 103 mg L-1 , 8 × 103 mg L-1 , and 10 × 103 mg L-1 of crude extract that were tested on both pathogensin vitroandin vivo. The concentration of the extract was in an effective range of 10 × 103 mg L-1 and was able to inhibit the growth of all isolates ofF. oxysporumfrom both locations by more than 80 %, but the inhibition of the pathogenA. solaniwas less than 76 %.
Moringa oleiferaL. Microgreens and their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Bagus Made Artadana Ida , Pandji Edward
Published: March 2023

This research aims to study the growth and antioxidant activity ofMoringa oleifaL. microgreens. The microgreen phase occurred at 7 d after germination with a height of 36.72 cm ± 4.20 cm, fresh weight of 7.30 g ± 0.92 g 10 plants−1, and the proportion of leaf to shoot is 16.01 % ± 1.31 %.M. oleiferamicrogreen leaves have a chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid concentration respectively of 1 180.7 μg g−1± 329.0 μg g−1of fresh weight, 631.7 μg g−1± 35.1 μg g−1of fresh weight and 458.3 μg g−1± 52.0 1 μg g−1of fresh weight. Examination of the antioxidant activity (DPPH) showed the antioxidant activity of the leaves is greater than that of the stem, with the IC50 of the leaves at 4.7 g L−1and the IC50 of the stem at 10.1 g L−1. Generally,M. oleiferamicrogreens can be harvested 7 d after germination with over twice the antioxidant activity in the leaves compared to the stems.
The Pro-Environmental Producer Behavior on Food Small and Medium Enterprises in Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Relawati Rahayu , Yudi Ariadi Bambang , Harpowo Harpowo , Hadi Prabowo Bambang , Neimane Leila , Ekawati Ida
Published: March 2023

Pro-environmental producer behavior is increasingly important to realize an environmentally friendly business. The research aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes, religiosity, and behavior of the food small and medium enterprises (SME) producers towards the environment; and to analyze the influence on the SMEs’ performance. The research object was SMEs of “Tempe chips” in Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia. The results show that the majority of producers already have knowledge of the green raw materials and production process, but only a few of them know about green packaging. The producers’ attitude supported the environmentally friendly production process, although it was still at a lower level than religiosity. The producers’ behavior is still less pro-environment in terms of raw materials usage, production process, and packaging. They have implemented water and energy saving, but have not been able to avoid plastic packaging. The SEM results showed that the producer’s attitude influences their behavior toward environment, meanwhile, religiosity negatively moderates the attitude in affecting producer behavior. The producer’s behavior positively influenced the SME’s performance. The recommendation given is to socialize the use of environmentally friendly packaging to sell at a premium price targeted to the middle to upper consumer segments.
Antioxidant Activity Between Defatted and Different Solvent Temperature in Rice Bran var. IR-64 Extract
Authors: Widyastuti Retno , Dwi Irwanto Rahmat , Purwati Nurlaili Enny , Hartati Sri , Iqrar Irum
Published: March 2023

The extraction of bioactive components in rice bran is influenced by various factors, including defatted treatment and temperature. The aim of this study was to know the yields, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity by defatted and solvent temperature treatment extraction in rice bran. The defatted treatment was not significant effect on the antioxidant activity of rice bran extract. Temperature treatment significantly increased antioxidant activity in rice bran extract. The yield obtained in the control (non-defatted) was 17.19 % with antioxidant activity of 66.30 % and phenol content of 148.6 mg GAE g−1 extract. While the yield on the defatted treatment showed a result of 0.49 % with antioxidant activity of 67.33 % and a phenol level of 53.34 mg GAE g−1 extract. The room temperature treatments on 50 °C and 70 °C obtained yields around 17.19 %; 9.81 % and 7.34 % with antioxidant activity 67.3 %; 82.09 % and 77.83 % and phenol content was 148.6 mg GAE g −1 extract, 91.7 mg GAE g −1 extract and 59.8 mg GAE g −1 extract. Defatted treatment was not significant effect on the antioxidant activity. Therefore, the optimum temperature of solvent that was effective to the antioxidant activity of rice bran IR-64 extract was at 50 °C.
Infestation of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. on Various Canopy Shading and Plants Diversity in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesia: A study on Cassia fistula L.
Authors: Solikin Solikin , Hamza Angio Melisnawati , Handayani Tri , Van Minh Nguyen
Published: March 2023

Mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is a parasitic plant commonly found parasitizing and infesting medicinal plants such as Cassia fistula L. This research aimed to investigate the infestation of D. pentandra on C. fistula on various trees canopy shading, infested host number, and plant diversity. The study was conducted in Purwodadi Botanic Garden which is located in Purwodadi, Pasuruan, East–Java, Indonesia from January to March 2020. Data collection was conducted by explorative and descriptive methods in each block location in the garden. Sampling plots were determined by the purposive sampling method using 20 × 20 m plot−1 in each block where the tree of C. fistula found. The canopy shading was categorized as: open (iv) = light interception > 90 %, rather open (iii) = light interception = 60 % to 90 %, rather shady (ii) = light interception 30 % to 60 %, shady (i) (light interception < 30 %). The result showed that the infestation of D. pentandra was affected significantly by the plant canopy shading and the infested host number in the blocks. The highest infestation of mistletoe D. Pentandra on C. fistula was found in the open canopy and the highest infested host plants in the block III.D with the parasite number 13 plant−1 . The tree plant diversity in the blocks tend to have negative correlation to the infestation of D. pentandra on C. fistula with r = −0.18.
Herbs as A Feed Additive in the Broilers for the Sustainability of Local Products
Authors: Widodo Wahyu , Sutanto Adi , Dwi Rahayu Imbang , Devi Anggraini Apriliana , Handayani Trisakti , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Mel Maizirwan , Ngoc Huu Nguyen
Published: March 2023

The purpose was to determine the comparison of giving herbal herbs through feed and drinking water to the productivities of broilers. The research took place in the Closed House Cage and Animal Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The material was Day Old Chick (DOC) broilers by number 200 and herbs in feed and drinking water. The treatment of herbs was divided into two types as follows: Herbs in feed (TA) and herbs in drinking water (TB). Then, herbs in the feed and drinking water were divided into four treatments as follows: T0: Feed without herbs or 0 % (as control), T1: Feed with herbs 1 %, T2: Feed with herbs 2 %, and T3: Feed with herbs 3 %, with five replications. The herbs used are mixed with several medicinal plants. The variables were body weight gain, final body weight, daily feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. The research data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis. The conclusion was giving herbs through feed was better in final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio.
Les grandes avancées en néphro-génétique pédiatrique
Authors: Hureaux Marguerite , Heidet Laurence , Vargas-Poussou Rosa , Dorval Guillaume
Published: March 2023

L’essor de la génétique au cours des dernières décennies a permis des avancées majeures dans la compréhension des mécanismes conduisant aux maladies rénales héréditaires. Des premières études par clonage positionnel jusqu’à l’avènement du séquençage à haut débit (NGS), les techniques d’analyse du génome sont devenues de plus en plus performantes, avec un niveau de résolution extraordinaire. Les prix de séquençage se sont effondrés, passant d’un million de dollars (environ 940 millions d’euros) pour le séquençage du génome de James Watson en 2008, à quelques centaines d’euros pour le séquençage d’un génome aujourd’hui. Le diagnostic moléculaire tient ainsi une place centrale pour le diagnostic des patients et influe sur la prise en charge thérapeutique dans de nombreuses situations. Mais si le NGS est un outil performant pour l’identification de variants impliqués dans les maladies, il expose au risque de surinterprétation de certains variants, conduisant à des diagnostics erronés. Dans cette revue, nous proposons une brève rétrospective des étapes essentielles qui ont conduit aux connaissances actuelles et au développement du NGS pour l’étude des néphropathies héréditaires de l’enfant. Nous développerons ensuite les principales néphropathies héréditaires et les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents.
Wie kann die biologische Dosimetrie in Fällen unklarer Strahlenbelastung helfen?
Authors: Bucher Martin , Oestreicher Ursula
Published: March 2023

Bei einer unklaren, übermäßigen Exposition durch ionisierende Strahlung am Menschen bietet
die biologische Dosimetrie die Möglichkeit, diese retrospektiv nachzuweisen und gegebenenfalls
zu quantifizieren. Besonders hilfreich ist dies in Fällen, in denen keine physikalische
Dosisrekonstruktion möglich ist oder widersprüchliche Ergebnisse vorliegen.

Grundlage für die biologische Dosimetrie sind zelluläre Reaktionen, DNA-Schäden und Fehlreparaturen nach einer Exposition gegenüber ionisierender Strahlung. Die in der biologischen Dosimetrie eingesetzten Methoden weisen diese Veränderungen nach und setzen sie anhand von Dosis-Effekt-Kurven ins Verhältnis zur Expositionsdosis. Die Analyse von dizentrischen Chromosomen hat sich als zuverlässigste und empfindlichste Methode für den Nachweis einer Exposition mit ionisierender Strahlung erwiesen, weil sie eine niedrige spontane Häufigkeit aufweist und für ionisierende Strahlung charakteristisch ist. Die Nachweisgrenze für eine homogene Ganzkörperbestrahlung liegt bei 0,1 Gy bei der Auswertung von 500–1000 Zellen für locker ionisierende γ-Strahlung. Die Analyse erfolgt im Speziallabor nach international standardisierten Verfahren.

Die biologische Dosimetrie kommt als unabhängige Methode oder zur Ergänzung der physikalischen Dosimetrie zum Einsatz. Da bei der biologischen Dosimetrie die Wirkung der Dosis im Blut erfasst wird, können wertvolle Erkenntnisse zur Strahlenexposition geliefert werden und die medizinische Versorgung von Betroffenen unterstützt werden.
Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegen,
Authors: Strauß Bernhard
Published: March 2023

nach dem wir den Leserinnen und Lesern im Dezember bereits einen Wechsel im
Herausgeber-Board vermelden und Frau Prof. Dr. Corinna Bergelt
begrüßen konnten, stand zum Jahresbeginn ein weiterer Wechsel
an:
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Directed C8–H Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Quinolines and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam , Basak Shubhajit , Paul Tripti , Mandal Santu , Karjee Pallab , Nanjegowda Maniya Vadakanamala
Published: March 2023

C8-Substituted quinoline (QN) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) scaffolds are featured in numerous bioactive compounds and natural products. Appreciable efforts have been made towards the development of elegant techniques to functionalize the C8–H bond of QNs and THQs. The transition-metal-catalyzed chelation-assisted C–H activation strategy has emerged as an effective synthetic tool among existing methods. This review focuses on recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed directed carbon–carbon bond forming reactions for the C8–H functionalization of QNs and THQs (till February 2023). The discussion has been categorized based on the type of reaction.

1 Introduction

2 Acylation

3 Alkylation

4 Alkenylation

5 Alkynylation

6 Allylation

7 Annulation

8 Arylation

9 Conclusion and Outlook
Oxa-di-π-methane Rearrangement of a Substrate Embodying the Platencin Core Provides the Decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]indene Framework Associated with Various Diterpenes and Certain Lycopodium Alkaloids
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , Ye Sebastian Young , Khan Faiyaz , Gardiner Michael G. , Lan Ping
Published: March 2023

A chemoenzymatic approach to the title framework is reported. The reaction sequence starts with the whole-cell biotransformation of iodobenzene and the conversion of the resulting homochiral metabolite into a triene that engages in an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction and so affording an adduct embodying the platencin core. Application of an oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement to a derivative of this core affords a cyclopropannulated form of the target framework; the latter is then obtained through a TMSI-mediated cleavage of the three-membered ring. A strategy for the assembly of the enantiomeric framework is also described.
Martin Silicates as Versatile Radical Precursors in Photoredox/ Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Wiethoff Maxim-Aleksa , Abdellaoui Mehdi , Lemière Gilles , Ollivier Cyril , Fensterbank Louis , Deis Thomas , Corcé Vincent
Published: March 2023

A cross-coupling methodology is described based on the nickel-catalyzed connection of an aryl moiety to an alkyl radical generated by photoinduced single-electron oxidation of a silicate formed from a Martin spirosilane. Complementary to the other anionic radical precursors in photoredox catalysis, Martin silicates permit access to highly reactive alkyl radicals directly engageable in smooth C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond-formation reactions.
The Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap versus Other Free Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al Omran Yasser , Evans Ellie , Jordan Chloe , Borg Tiffanie-Marie , AlOmran Samar , Sepehripour Sarvnaz , Akhavani Mohammed Ali
Published: March 2023

The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a versatile fasciocutaneous flap, and yet is less commonly utilized than other free flaps in microvascular reconstructions of the head and neck. The aim is to conduct a high-quality Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA)– and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2)–compliant systematic review comparing the use of the MSAP flap to other microvascular free flaps in the head and neck. Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify all original comparative studies comparing patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction with an MSAP flap to the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) or anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap from inception to February 2021. Outcome studied were the recipient-site and donor-site morbidities as well as speech and swallow function. A total of 473 articles were identified from title and abstract review. Four studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the RFFF and the ALT flaps, the MSAP flap had more recipient-site complications (6.0 vs 10.4%) but less donor-site complications (20.2 vs 7.8%). The MSAP flap demonstrated better overall donor-site appearance and function than the RFFF and ALT flaps (p = 0.0006) but no statistical difference in speech and swallowing function following reconstruction (p = 0.28). Although higher quality studies reviewing the use of the MSAP flap to other free flaps are needed, the MSAP flap provides a viable and effective reconstructive option and should be strongly considered for reconstruction of head and neck defects.
Residual Venous Obstruction as an Indicator of Clinical Outcomes following Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Management Study
Authors: Iding Aaron F. J. , Kremers Bram M. M. , Pallares Robles Alejandro , ten Cate Hugo , ten Cate-Hoek Arina J.
Published: March 2023

Background Residual venous obstruction (RVO) is considered a risk factor of recurrence and possibly other clinical outcomes following deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Current guidelines do not support an RVO-tailored duration of anticoagulant therapy; contemporary data of such management strategies are scarce. We aimed to evaluate an RVO-based management strategy and to assess associations of RVO with recurrence, post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), arterial events and cancer. To gain further insight, D-dimer levels were measured 1 month after stopping anticoagulant therapy.

Methods Consecutive patients with symptomatic, proximal DVT were treated in a 2-year clinical care pathway (CCP) at Maastricht University Medical Center and were followed up to 5 years. RVO was assessed at the end of regular duration of anticoagulant therapy, which was extended once if RVO was detected. The study was approved by the medical ethics committee.

Result From a total of 825 patients, 804 patients (97.5%) completed the CCP and 755 (93.9%) were available for extended follow-up. Most patients (76.5%) stopped anticoagulant therapy. Incidence rates of recurrence, PTS, arterial events, and cancer were 4.4, 11.9, 1.7, and 1.8 per 100 patient-years, respectively. RVO was independently associated with PTS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.66 [1.19–2.32]) and arterial events (HR: 2.07 [1.18–3.65]), but not with recurrence or cancer. High D-dimer was associated with recurrence (HR: 3.51 [2.24–5.48]).

Conclusion Our RVO-based management strategy might have attenuated the association of RVO with recurrence. In addition, RVO identified patients at increased risk of PTS and arterial events, which might be used to identify patients in need of alternative treatment strategies.
Adventures in the Chemistry of 1,1-Diacylcyclopropanes
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: March 2023

The present personalized account aims to highlight 1,1-diacylcyclopropanes as synthetic building blocks or target molecules. The chemistry presented includes cyclization reactions of 1,1-diacylcyclopropanes with free and masked dianions to give spirocyclopropanes as products or reactive intermediates that readily undergo ring-cleavage reactions. In addition, the synthesis of cyclopropylated 1,3,5-tricarbonyl compounds, containing two 1,1-diacylcyclopropane moieties, is discussed. Based on this work also other syntheses of cyclopropanes were developed.

1 Introduction

2 Reactions of Masked Dianions

3 Reactions of Free Dianions

4 Cyclopropylated 1,3,5-Tricarbonyl Compounds

5 Miscellaneous

6 Conclusions