bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making sense of the lack of evidence discourse, power and knowledge in the field of sport for development
Authors: Adams Andrew , Harris Kevin
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the power dynamics and vested interest groups that shape the lack of evidence discourse, which is critical of the way evidence is produced within and for the sport for development (SFD) field. This examination recognises that an understanding of the dominant neoliberal context within which SFD is located is critical.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using a Foucauldian conceptual framework, power, knowledge and discourse relating to political actors in SFD – funders, policy makers, academics and sport development practitioners (SDPs) – are assessed. This paper addresses two key questions: How is the lack of evidence discourse constructed, and what is its impact? And whose interests are served in the interpretation, generation and reporting of evidence?

Findings

– This paper concludes that although in a Foucauldian sense power surrounding evidence is everywhere, the neo liberal context, which situates SFD, favours the privileging of evidence discourses associated with and derived from funding organisations, political and academic interest groups to the detriment of evidence discourses associated with SDPs. Clearly then there is a major tension concerning knowledge transfer, power and process, and the way that evidence can be used to inform practice.

Originality/value

– The paper attempts to highlight the power dynamics influencing the way evidence is produced within SFD and that much is needed to move the field forward in a more united approach for what counts as evidence for all political actors.
Do public sector mergers (re)shape reputation?
Authors: L. Luoma-aho Vilma , E. Makikangas Mirja
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The public sector worldwide is under pressure to downsize, which has led to mergers of public sector organisations. This paper seeks to bridge the unstudied gap of what happens to organisational reputation after a merger. The paper discusses change and reputation in the public sector, and reports findings of a longitudinal study on stakeholder assessments of four public sector organisations undergoing mergers recently.

Design/methodology/approach

– Following a theory-driven content analysis, this longitudinal study compares stakeholder assessments of four public sector organisations' reputations a year before an organisational merger with assessments of the two resulting organisations' reputations two years after the merger.

Findings

– The paper finds that the mergers did not really re-shape reputation, but the once established reputation persevered. Although the organisations faced greater expectations after the merger, only minor changes in reputation were detected post-merger: the reputation for expertise, heavy bureaucracy and trustworthiness remained strong after the merger, but certain traits, such as being international and esteemed, were lost. In both cases, one organisation's prior reputation slightly dominated the new reputation.

Research limitations/implications

– The findings may be limited to Finland and other Nordic countries, as well as those countries where trust in the public sector is high.

Practical implications

– Mergers may not change once-established reputations, and hence the improvements desired by mergers may go unnoticed by the different stakeholders. Organisations merging must prepare for increased stakeholder expectations, as the new organisations arise questions. Previous organisational traits may remain in stakeholders' assessments despite any achieved improvements.

Originality/value

– This paper addresses the gap in studying organisational reputation after public sector mergers, and contributes to both theory and practice by providing insight into the stability of once-established reputations.
EU entrepreneurial learning: perspectives of university students
Authors: Spiteri Simeon , Maringe Felix
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– This study addresses the issue of teaching in entrepreneurship courses in selected European universities in Malta and the UK. The paper aims to explore the views of students in different educational institutions about their understanding of entrepreneurship and the pedagogical aspects of teaching it.

Design/methodology/approach

– Qualitative case study data were collected through one-to-one interviews with 31 students engaged in entrepreneurship course in four educational institutions in Malta and the UK.

Findings

– Students identified four essential components that reflect the nature of entrepreneurial education. These consist of pedagogy, content, assessment and role model lecturer. Pedagogy of entrepreneurial courses was broadly seen as a mixture of traditional teaching and entrepreneurial learning. Students showed a preference for content aimed at developing creativity in practice-based situations. Preferred assessment strategies included individual assignments perceived as useful to deepen the concepts learned and stimulate individual thinking. Role model lecturers are inspiring to students. They should be individuals that are creative, have experience in entrepreneurial roles and hold academic knowledge that is useful to teach about entrepreneurship. There were variations in the views expressed by different groups of students interviewed in this study.

Research limitations/implications

– Due to the relatively small sample sizes, this study has limited generalisability implying the need for similar research more broadly across other universities in Europe.

Practical implications

– The study proposes a model for enhancing the teaching of entrepreneurial courses in universities in Europe. The model comprises teaching pedagogies responsive to the student learning needs; application of features present in the KTP model and proposes a structure for determining worthwhile knowledge that should be delivered in adherence to students learning needs.

Originality/value

– This study expands the understanding of the learning process of students and provides a methodological framework that can be used to research entrepreneurial education.
Are we committed to teach entrepreneurship in business school?
Authors: H. Trivedi Rohit
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Despite large number of universities and institutions offering management degrees and interest in the field of entrepreneurship, very less is known about the perception of business lecturers regarding the subject of entrepreneurship, dominant pedagogy, their commitment to teaching and institutional support. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Considering this, the study was carried out with structured questionnaire among 232 lecturers of business management from selected management schools of these three South Asian countries, India, Singapore and Malaysia.

Findings

– In response to chief objective of the study, i.e. commitment of lecturers to teach entrepreneurship, it was found that almost 85 per cent of the respondents have shown that they feel fully committed to teach entrepreneurship and almost 35 per cent of the respondents feel that they will be unwilling to exchange current entrepreneurship teaching for teaching in other subjects. In the same vein, almost 50 per cent of the lecturers agree that their institution is keen to develop entrepreneurship education. However, in relation to training and staff development, it is found that almost 38 per cent of the lecturers have not received such a support.

Originality/value

– The study provides insight about the level of commitment that business lecturers depict to teach entrepreneurship and resources provided to them by their institute to engage in entrepreneurship education.
Chain store retailing in Ireland: a case study of F.W. Woolworth & Co. Ltd, 1914-2008
Authors: Walsh Barbara
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a view of how a retail chain store and its marketing strategies impacted on shopping habits in twentieth century Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach

– Primary and secondary sources include company documents, oral history and press reports. Background social, political and economic factors are considered in conjunction with the methods this firm used to build customer-driven managed marketing systems and teams of good staff relationships.

Findings

– Woolworth's Irish stores responded to changing tastes and needs of consumers throughout Ireland. The Irish market required skilful techniques to overcome widening divisions within customer profiles to accommodate increasing north-south and urban-rural patterns. Welcomed by shoppers of all ages and genders, this firm's contribution to Ireland's retailing and wider commercial scene was innovative, popular, flexible and influential.

Originality/value

– The overview of this well-known retail chain store's experience in twentieth century Ireland can provide scholars with building blocks on which to expand knowledge and develop further understanding of a largely un-tapped field of research within the history of marketing in Ireland.
“For a colleen's complexion”: soap and the politicization of a brand personality, 1888-1916
Authors: Philip O'Connor John
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to examine how the “colleen” archetype was used in the creation of a successful brand personality for a range of soap manufactured in Ireland during the early twentieth century. It reveals the commercial and political agendas behind this move and the colleen's later application to Ulster unionist graphic propaganda against Home Rule between 1914 and 1916.

Design/methodology/approach

– This case study is based on an analysis of primary and secondary sources; the former encompassing both graphic advertising material and ephemera.

Findings

– This paper demonstrates how contemporary pictorial advertising for colleen soap was suffused with text and imagery propounding Ulster's preservation within the UK. It also suggests that the popularity of this brand personality may have been a factor in the colleen's appropriation for propaganda purposes by certain strands within Ulster unionism.

Originality/value

– This paper is based on original research that expands the historical corpus of Irish visual representation, while also adding notably to discourses within the History of Marketing and Women's History.
ICT and sustainable tourism development: an innovative perspective
Authors: Ali Alisha , J. Frew Andrew
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this research is to foreground information and communication technology (ICT) as an innovative approach for sustainable tourism (ST) development of destinations. ICT is the technology required for information processing which facilitates data processing, information sharing, communication, searching and selection. This paper concentrates on the Abernathy and Clark model and its usefulness in applying ICT as innovative in managing ST.

Design/methodology/approach

– An online survey was administered to destination managers and to eTourism experts. Destination managers were selected as they were identified as the person responsible for the overall management of a Destination Management Organisation. eTourism experts were identified as someone who possesses special expertise, knowledge and skills on ICT applications to tourism and offered expertise on which ranged from such areas as electronic distribution, recommender systems, user-generated content, online communities, mobile technology, technology acceptance, tourism networks and Web 2.0. This was followed by semi-structured interviews.

Findings

– These ICT tools were found to be innovative for information management and distribution for critical decision-making. Innovation was fostered through the use of ICT for ST by leading to a better understanding of the tourism product, monitoring, measuring and evaluating, forecasting trends, developing partnerships and engaging and supporting stakeholder relationships. ICT would provide novel ways of approaching marketing, energy monitoring, waste management, and communication for destinations.

Originality/value

– This research is important in demonstrating the value that technology can have to ST and further develops the work on tourism innovation theory.
Factors influencing the assurance of sustainability reports in the context of the economic crisis in Portugal
Authors: Castelo Branco Manuel , Delgado Catarina , Ferreira Gomes Sónia , Cristina Pereira Eugénio Teresa
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The paper aims to analyse the engagement in sustainability reporting assurance (SRA) by a sample of Portuguese firms between 2008 and 2011.

Design/methodology/approach

– Bivariate and multivariate non-parametric statistics is used to analyse some factors that influence the decision to have sustainability reports assured.

Findings

– Results indicate that size, leverage, profitability, listing status and industrial affiliation are determinants of SRA, whereas type of ownership is not. A downward trend in sustainability reporting and its assurance was also detected.

Research limitations/implications

– The sample is small.

Originality/value

– It adds to the scarce research on SRA by providing new empirical data in a context of crisis and extends prior research by analysing the effects of listing status and type of ownership.
Guidance on internal audit's interface with regulators
Authors: D. Chambers Andrew
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify and interpret expectations of regulators about the interface between regulators and internal audit.

Design/methodology/approach

– Contemporary pronouncements are subjected to a content analysis about the relationship demands that regulators place upon internal audit. Comparison is made with internal auditing standards. The paper identifies the significant challenges and considers the future.

Findings

– Regulators are increasingly prescriptive about what they expect from internal audit. The scope of internal audit work must cover all matters of interest to the regulator. Internal audit is now regarded as part of the supervisory process. Unlike financial reporting and external auditing, there is no attempt to regulate the setting of internal audit standards, but regulators themselves are enunciating internal audit requirements that go beyond the standards.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper draws mainly upon developments in the financial sector, which is leading the way in prescribing the interface between regulator and internal audit.

Practical implications

– The enhanced requirements of regulators impact upon internal audit's other relationships on the internal audit universe and scope, and on staffing internal audit.

Originality/value

– This is the first attempt to synthesise what regulators currently require from their relationship with internal audit, which needs to be reflected in internal audit charters and in future releases of global internal auditing standards.
Overwhelmed to action: digital preservation challenges at the under-resourced institution
Authors: Kay Rinehart Amanda , Prud'homme Patrice-Andre , Reid Huot Andrew
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of beginning digital preservation efforts with restricted resources.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents a case study approach, which is enhanced by advice from national experts in digital preservation.

Findings

– This paper details how Milner Library digital preservation advocates have approached the task by seeking collaborations, speaking to administration, participating in national efforts and starting with small steps.

Research limitations/implications

– As a case study, this paper is limited to one institution's experience with promoting digital preservation.

Practical implications

– This paper reviews basic misconceptions about and challenges with digital preservation. Many smaller or mid-sized institutions are left out of the digital preservation conversation because they cannot begin to meet national standards with restricted resources.

Originality/value

– This paper represents small and mid-sized institutions and the challenges of digital preservation. As well, the paper includes valuable insights from national experts in digital preservation.
The Purdue University Research Repository
Authors: C. Dearborn Carly , J. Barton Amy , A. Harmeyer Neal
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this case study is to discuss the creation of robust preservation functionality within PURR. The study seeks to discuss the customization of the HUBzero platform, composition of digital preservation policies, and the creation of a novel, machine-actionable metadata model for PURR's unique digital content. Additionally, the study will trace the implementation of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model and track PURR's progress towards Trustworthy Digital Repository certification.

Design/methodology/approach

– This case study discusses the use of the Center for Research Libraries Trusted Repository Audit Checklist (TRAC) certification process and ISO 16363 as a rubric to build an OAIS institutional repository for the publication, preservation, and description of unique datasets.

Findings

– ISO 16363 continues to serve as a rubric, barometer and set of goals for PURR as development continues. To become a trustworthy repository, the PURR project team has consistently worked to build a robust, secure, and long-term home for collaborative research. In order to fulfill its mandate, the project team constructed policies, strategies, and activities designed to guide a systematic digital preservation environment. PURR expects to undertake the full ISO 16363 audit process at a future date in expectation of being certified as a Trustworthy Digital Repository. Through its efforts in digital preservation, the Purdue University Research Repository expects to better serve Purdue researchers, their collaborators, and move scholarly research efforts forward world-wide.

Originality/value

– PURR is a customized instance of HUBzero®, an open source software platform that supports scientific discovery, learning, and collaboration. HUBzero was a research project funded by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) and is a product of the Network for Computation Nanotechnology (NCN), a multi-university initiative of eight member institutions. PURR is only one instance of a HUBzero's customization; versions have been implemented in many disciplines nation-wide. PURR maintains the core functionality of HUBzero, but has been modified to publish datasets and to support their preservation. Long-term access to published data are an essential component of PURR services and Purdue University Libraries' mission. Preservation in PURR is not only vital to the Purdue University research community, but to the larger digital preservation issues surrounding dynamic datasets and their long-term usability.
Evidence-based practice and web usability assessment
Authors: Cervone Frank
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Issues related to usability and creating effective and engaging user experiences on the internet continue to vex libraries and information agencies. Many organizations still do not have an on-going, sustainable usability assessment program in place. This should be a cause for concern because usability programs serve as a quality-control check on our ability to provide quality information. This is why evidence-based information practice is so important as a fundamental building block of a usability assessment plan. This paper aims to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Through a review of the basic principles of evidence-based practice, the author puts into context how a web assessment methodology could be put in place at a library or information organization.

Findings

– Using the principles of evidence-based practice, as well as a user-centered design perspective, can greatly enhance the ability of libraries and information organizations to develop effective web usability assessment programs.

Originality/value

– While there has been a significant body of work in library and information science related to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP), there has been little specifically written about applying EBP to web usability assessment. This article fills that gap in the literature.
Close to CAD model curved-form adaptive slicing
Authors: Hayasi Mohammad , Asiabanpour Bahram
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The main aim of this study is to generate curved-form cut on the edge of an adaptive layer. The resulting surface would have much less geometry deviation error and closely fit its computer aided design (CAD) model boundary.

Design/methodology/approach

– This method is inspired by the manual peeling of an apple in which a knife's orientation and movement are continuously changed and adjusted to cut each slice with minimum waste. In this method, topology and geometry information are extracted from the previously generated adaptive layers. Then, the thickness of an adaptive layer and the bottom and top contours of the adjacent layers are fed into the proposed algorithm in the form of the contour and normal vector to create curved-form sloping surfaces. Following curved-form adaptive slicing, a customized machine path compatible with a five-axis abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machine will be generated for any user-defined sheet thicknesses.

Findings

– The implemented system yields curved-form adaptive slices for a variety of models with diverse types of surfaces (e.g. flat, convex, and concave), different slicing direction, and different number of sheets with different thicknesses. The decrease in layer thickness and increase of the number of the sloped cuts can make the prototype as close as needed to the CAD model.

Research limitations/implications

– The algorithm is designed for use with five-axis AWJ cutting of any kind of geometrical complex surfaces. Future research would deal with the nesting problem of the layers being spread on the predefined sheet as the input to the five-axis AWJ cutter machine to minimize the cutting waste.

Practical implications

– The algorithm generates adaptive layers with concave or convex curved-form surfaces that conform closely to the surface of original CAD model. This will pave the way for the accurate fabrication of metallic functional parts and tooling that are made by the attachment of one layer to another. Validation of the output has been tested only as the simulation model. The next step is the customization of the output for the physical tests on a variety of five-axis machines.

Originality/value

– This paper proposes a new close to CAD design sloped-edge adaptive slicing algorithm applicable to a variety of five-axis processes that allow variable thickness layering and slicing in different orientations (e.g. AWJ, laser, or plasma cutting). Slices can later be bonded to build fully solid prototypes.
State-of-the-art in empirical modelling of rapid prototyping processes
Authors: Garg A. , Tai K. , Savalani M.M.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The empirical modelling of major rapid prototyping (RP) processes such as fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SL) has attracted the attention of researchers in view of their contribution to the overall cost of the product. Empirical modelling techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) and regression analysis have been paid considerable attention. In this paper, a powerful modelling technique using genetic programming (GP) for modelling the FDM process is introduced and the issues related to the empirical modelling of RP processes are discussed. The present work aims to investigate the performance of various potential empirical modelling techniques so that the choice of an appropriate modelling technique for a given RP process can be made. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Apart from the study of applications of empirical modelling techniques on RP processes, a multigene GP is applied to predict the compressive strength of a FDM part based on five given input process parameters. The parameter setting for GP is determined using trial and experimental runs. The performance of the GP model is compared to those of neural networks and regression analysis.

Findings

– The GP approach provides a model in the form of a mathematical equation reflecting the relationship between the compressive strength and five given input parameters. The performance of ANN is found to be better than those of GP and regression, showing the effectiveness of ANN in predicting the performance characteristics of the FDM part. The GP is able to identify the significant input parameters that comply with those of an earlier study. The distinct advantages of GP as compared to ANN and regression are highlighted. Several vital issues related to the empirical modelling of RP processes are also highlighted in the end.

Originality/value

– For the first time, a review of the application of empirical modelling techniques on RP processes is undertaken and a new GP method for modelling the FDM process is introduced. The performance of potential empirical modelling techniques for modelling RP processes is evaluated. This is an important step in modernising the era of empirical modelling of RP processes.
Employee engagement creates a brighter economic future at Jupiter Hotels
Authors: Cattermole Gary , Johnson Jaime , Jackson Diane
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– This paper seeks to address the role and impact of employee engagement within an organization that has undergone major change. It looks at the issues of how to monitor and increase levels of staff engagement over time to deliver business results.

Design/methodology/approach

– It draws on six-monthly employee engagement surveys and a case study to illustrate how HR can drive and monitor change through employee engagement.

Findings

– This paper follows a company through economic uncertainty to major organizational change and examines how the role of engagement and monitoring can drive business success.

Research limitations/implications

– The case study only looks at the issues over an 18 month time period.

Originality/value

– This paper illustrates how an HR department can build employee engagement to drive the business forward. The case study offers best practice material for HR managers.
The father's roles in the recovery of youngChinese suffering from anorexia nervosa in twoChinese cities,HongKong andShenzhen
Authors: Ma Joyce L. C.
Published: March 2014

The fathers' role in assisting the recovery of youngChinese diagnosed with anorexia nervosa has seldom been documented inChinese contexts, namelyHongKong and Shenzhen. In this article the author argues for the importance of engaging the absentChinese father in helping in this context, describing the process of family treatment and highlighting the treatment principles and skills in achieving the goal of helping, illustrating it with two clinical cases from twoChinese cities,HongKong andShenzhen.

Practitioner points

Engaging the absent father in treatment to join hands with his spouse is crucial to assist a youngChinese person with anorexia nervosa to recover.

Translation of the young person's symptoms as a developmental challenge is clinically useful to achieve the goal of paternal engagement.

Increased paternal involvement to mediate mother–daughter conflicts, raising the father's self‐confidence and improved marital relationships are clinically useful
Parents’ experiences and expectations of care in pregnancy after stillbirth or neonatal death: a metasynthesis
Authors: Mills TA , Ricklesford C , Cooke A , Heazell AEP , Whitworth M , Lavender T
Published: March 2014

Background

Pregnancy after perinatal death is characterised by elevated stress and anxiety, increasing the risk of adverse short‐term and long‐term outcomes.

Objectives

This metasynthesis aimed to improve understanding of parents’ experiences of maternity care in pregnancy after stillbirth or neonatal death.

Search strategy

Six electronic databases were searched using predefined search terms.

Selection criteria

English language studies using qualitative methods to explore the experiences of parents in pregnancy after perinatal loss, were included subject to quality appraisal framework.

Data collection and analysis

Searches were initiated in December 2011 and finalised in March 2013. Studies were synthesised using an interpretive approach derived from meta‐ethnography.

Main results

Fourteen studies were included in the synthesis, graded A (no or few flaws, high trustworthiness; n = 5), B (some flaws, unlikely to affect trustworthiness; n = 5) and C (some flaws, possible impact on trustworthiness; n = 4). Three main themes were identified; co‐existence of emotions, helpful and unhelpful coping activities and seeking reasssurance through interactions.

Conclusion

Parents’ experiences of pregnancy are profoundly altered by previous perinatal death; conflicted emotions, extreme anxiety, isolation and a lack of trust in a good outcome are commonly reported. Emotional and psychological support improves parents’ experiences of subsequent pregnancy, but the absence of an evidence base may limit consistent delivery of optimal care within current services.
Effects of Carbonation on Probiotic Survivability, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Milk‐Based Symbiotic Beverages
Authors: Walsh Helen , Cheng Jianjun , Guo Mingruo
Published: March 2014

Drinkable yogurt is a popular beverage in the United States and there may be a niche for carbonated drinkable yogurt in the functional foods market. Pomegranate (P) and vanilla (V) yogurt beverages were formulated, containing inulin as a prebiotic, along with probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium, to produce symbiotic products. These beverages were stabilized with high‐methoxyl pectin and whey protein concentrate and compared to samples with approximately 2 volumes of added carbon dioxide (CO2). Samples were stored in sealed glass bottles at 4 °C for 9 wk for evaluation of physicochemical and functional properties. Trials were carried out in triplicate and 3 replicates from each trial were analyzed. Physicochemical attributes were analyzed using standard AOAC methods. Survivability of the probiotics and changes in pH and viscosity were measured weekly. Chemical composition of the carbonated beverages was: protein: 1.58 ± 0.05%, 1.59 ± 0.06%, fat: 1.24 ± 0.2%, 1.18 ± 0.11%, total solids: 14.78 ± 0.11%, 14.93 ± 0.05%, ash: 0.49 ± 0.02%, 0.46 ± 0.03%, and carbohydrate (by difference): 11.47 ± 0.12%, 11.69 ± 0.14% for P and V, respectively. Both L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium were stable and remained above 106 CFU/g for both flavors of beverage both with and without carbonation. The new manufacturing technology for these prototypes may have potential for commercialization of carbonated symbiotic milk‐based beverages.
Prediction of time‐to‐attainment of recovery for borderline patients followed prospectively for 16 years
Authors: Zanarini M. C. , Frankenburg F. R. , Reich D. B. , Wedig M. M. , Conkey L. C. , Fitzmaurice G. M.
Published: March 2014

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the most clinically relevant baseline predictors of time‐to‐recovery from borderline personality disorder.

Method

Two hundred and ninety in‐patients meeting rigorous criteria for borderline personality disorder were assessed during their index admission using a series of semistructured interviews and self‐report measures. Recovery status, which was defined as concurrent symptomatic remission and good social and full‐time vocational functioning, was reassessed at eight contiguous 2‐year time periods. Survival analytic methods (Cox regression), which controlled for overall baseline severity, were used to estimate hazard ratios and their confidence intervals.

Results

All told, 60% of the borderline patients studied achieved a 2‐year recovery. In bivariate analyses, seventeen variables were found to be significant predictors of earlier time‐to‐recovery. Six of these predictors remained significant in multivariate analyses: no prior psychiatric hospitalizations, higher IQ, good full‐time vocational record in 2 years prior to index admission, absence of an anxious cluster personality disorder, high extraversion, and high agreeableness.

Conclusion

Taken together, the results of this study suggest that prediction of time‐to‐recovery for borderline patients is multifactorial in nature, involving factors related to lack of chronicity, competence, and more adaptive aspects of temperament.
Myocardial Tissue Perfusion Predicts the Evolution of Fragmented QRS in Patients with ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ozcan Firat , Turak Osman , Canpolat Uğur , Kadife İskender , Avci Sedat , Işleyen Ahmet , Cebeci Muhammed , Malçok Gürel Özgül , Başar Fatma Nurcan , Tok Derya , Topaloğlu Serkan , Aras Dursun , Aydoğdu Sinan
Published: March 2014

Background

Fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) is associated with worse outcomes in several cardiovascular conditions. However, alterations in fQRS in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and association of fQRS with myocardial blush grade (MBG) has not been investigated until now. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of MBG after primary PCI with evolution of fQRS.

Methods

Our study consisted of 401 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI. Patients were categorized into two subgroups according to persistence or new‐onset of fQRS (Group 1) and absence or resolution of fQRS (Group 2) at 48 hours after primary PCI. The evolution of fQRS on pre‐ and post‐PCI ECG and their relation with myocardial reperfusion parameters were investigated.

Results

Patients in group 1 showed older age, higher rate of smoking, lower HDL‐cholesterol, lower LVEF, higher angina‐to‐door time, higher TIMI frame count, and high rate of patients with MBG <3 compared to patients with group 2 (P < 0.05). In correlation analysis, LVEF showed positive correlation with MBG (r = 0.448, P < 0.001) and negative correlation with the number of leads with fQRS (r = –0.335, P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, new‐onset or persistance of fQRS after primary PCI is significantly associated with MBG <3, peak CK‐MB level, pre‐PCI fQRS at anterior localization and smoking.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that despite complete ST‐segment resolution in all patients, fQRS is independently associated with impaired microvascular myocardial perfusion. So, fQRS, as a simple and easily available noninvasive marker, may be useful in stratification of high‐risk patients with increased extent of infarcted myocardium who underwent primary PCI.
Parameters of Heart Rate Variability Can Predict Prolonged Asystole before Head‐Up Tilt Table Test
Authors: Gursul Erdal , Bayata Serdar , Tuluce Selcen Yakar , Berilgen Rida , Safak Ozgen , Ozdemir Emre , Tuluce Kamil
Published: March 2014

Background

We aimed to evaluate whether heart rate variability (HRV) could predict prolonged asystole before head‐up tilt table test (HUTT) by comparing time domain HRV parameters of patients with type 2B vasovagal syncope (VVS) and patients with other types of VVS.

Methods

Ninety‐eight patients who examined with 24‐hour Holter electrocardiogram monitoring before HUTT and diagnosed with VVS were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups in accordance with their VVS type as group 1 (n = 43) consisting of patients with type 2B VVS and group 2 (n = 57) consisting of patients with other types of VVS. Time domain HRV parameters (SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index, RMSSD, pNN50) of two groups were compared. ROC curve analysis was performed to predict best cutoff values that could prognosticate occurrence of prolonged asystole during HUTT.

Results

SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index values were significantly longer for group 1 compared to group 2 (P = 0.009, P = 0.006, P = 0.004; respectively). While a SDNN cutoff value of ≥151 ms predicted occurrence of type 2B VVS before HUTT with 69% sensitivity and 56% specificity, a SDANN value of ≥164 ms had 47% sensitivity and 87% specificity and a SDNN index value of ≥102 ms showed 40% sensitivity and 85% specificity.

Conclusions

In our study, we tried to demonstrate prediction of prolonged asystole by analyzing HRV parameters before HUTT. We found out that time domain HRV parameters were longer in patients with type 2B VVS than patients with other types of VVS. Our results need to be supported by extensive studies.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Health: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Mani Subha
Published: March 2014

This paper characterizes the socioeconomic determinants of child health using height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ), a long‐run measure of chronic nutritional deficiency. We construct a panel data that follows children between ages 3 and 59 months in 1993 through the 1997 and 2000 waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. We use this data to identify the various child‐level, household‐level and community‐level factors that affect children's health. Our findings indicate that household income has a large and statistically significant role in explaining improvements in HAZ. We also find a strong positive association between parental height and HAZ. At the community level, we find that provision of electricity and the availability of paved roads are positively associated with improvements in HAZ. Finally, in comparison to community‐level factors, household‐level characteristics play a large role in explaining the variation in HAZ. These findings suggest that policies that address the demand‐side constraints have greater potential to improve children's health outcomes in the future.
When idealists evade taxes: the influence of personal moral philosophy on attitudes to tax evasion – a Lebanese study
Authors: Sidani Yusuf M. , Ghanem Abdul Jalil , Rawwas Mohammed Y. A.
Published: March 2014

This paper explores attitudes regarding tax evasion and the relationship between personal moral philosophy and such attitudes in a weak tax environment. The results confirm the multidimensionality of tax evasion attitudes. Idealism was negatively related to self‐interest tax evasion attitudes while relativism was positively related to such attitudes. Idealism was also positively related to tax evasion attitudes stemming from concerns about the justice of the tax system. Idealists in a weak tax environment seemingly go through a cognitive reframing process where they recognize that the tax system is unfair, and accordingly tax evasion is a way to serve a different moral absolute, that is of equity, rather than another different moral absolute, which is fulfilling obligations to governments. The results are also explained in light of the suggested low moral intensity of tax evasion among respondents. Policy implications are presented.
OSL and 14C chronologies of a Holocene sedimentary record (Garding‐2 core) from the German North Sea coast
Authors: Zhang Jingran , Tsukamoto Sumiko , Grube Alf , Frechen Manfred
Published: March 2014

The history of sea‐level change and sediment accumulation since the last deglaciation along the German North Sea coast is still controversial because of a limitation in the quantity and quality of chronological data. In the current study, the chronology of a 16‐ka coastal sedimentary record from the Garding‐2 core, retrieved from the Eiderstedt Peninsula in Schleswig‐Holstein, northern Germany, was established using OSL and AMS 14C dating techniques. The robust chronology using 14 radiocarbon and 25 OSL dates from the Garding‐2 core is the first long‐term record that covers the Holocene as well as the last deglaciation period in one succession in the German North Sea area. It provides a new insight into understanding the Holocene transgression and coastal accumulation histories. The combined evidence from the sedimentology and chronology investigations indicates that an estuarine environment dominated in Eiderstedt Peninsula from 16 to 13 ka, followed by a depositional hiatus between 13 and 8.3 ka, attributed to erosion caused by the Holocene transgression; the onset of the Holocene transgression at the core site occurred at around 8.3 ka. The sea level continued to rise with a decelerated rate until around 3 ka. Since 3 ka, the shoreline has begun to prograde. Foreshore (tidal flat) sediments have been deposited at the drilling site with a very high sedimentation rate of about 10 m ka−1. At around 2 ka, a sandy beach deposit accumulated in the sedimentary succession, indicating that the coastline shifted landward, which may represent a small‐scale transgression in the late Holocene. At around 1.5 ka, terrestrial clastic sediment started to accumulate, indicating a retreat of the relative sea level in this area, which may be related to local diking activities undertaken since the 11th century.
TERT promoter mutation is uncommon in acral lentiginous melanoma
Authors: Liau Jau‐Yu , Tsai Jia‐Huei , Jeng Yung‐Ming , Chu Chia‐Yu , Kuo Kuan‐Ting , Liang Cher‐Wei
Published: March 2014

Background

Melanoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases with distinct sets of genetic changes. Recurrent and mutually exclusive C>T or CC>TT transition mutations were identified in the promoter region of the reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit of the telomerase gene (TERT) in melanoma recently, and it was suggested that they enhanced the expression of TERT gene and played important roles in the melanoma pathogenesis. These mono or di‐nucleotide transitions were ultraviolet (UV)‐signature mutations.

Methods

In this study, polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of TERT promoter using formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue was performed to investigate whether these UV‐signature mutations were also present in acral lentiginous melanoma.

Results

TERT promoter mutation was identified in only 2 of the 32 cases (6%) of acral lentiginous melanomas while it was identified in 3 of the 9 cases (33%) of non‐acral cutaneous melanomas. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.028).

Conclusions

The rarity of TERT promoter mutation in the acral lentiginous melanoma was consistent with the supposed role of UV light in the melanoma pathogenesis and also corroborated the view that acral lentiginous melanomas have a different pathogenesis with the melanomas from sun‐exposed sites.
Restrictions in pub closing times and lockouts in Newcastle, Australia five years on
Authors: Kypri Kypros , McElduff Patrick , Miller Peter
Published: March 2014

Introduction and Aims.

In 2008 pub closing times were restricted from 5am to 3:30am in the central business district (CBD) of Newcastle, Australia. A previous study showed a one‐third reduction in assaults in the 18 months following the restriction. We assessed whether the assault rate remained lower over the following 3.5 years and whether the introduction of a ‘lockout’ in nearby Hamilton was associated with a reduction in assaults there.

Design and Methods.

We used a pre‐post design with comparison against two post‐change periods. The setting was Greater Newcastle (population 530 000) and subjects were persons apprehended for assault in the CBD and nearby Hamilton, an area with late trading pubs where a lockout and other strategies were implemented in 2010. Cases were police‐recorded assault apprehensions occurring from 10pm to 6am in one pre‐change period: January 2001 to March 2008, and two post‐change periods: (i) April 2008 to September 2009 and (ii) October 2009 to March 2013. Negative binomial regression with terms for secular trend and seasonal effects was used to estimate Post1: Pre and Post2: Pre Incidence Rate Ratios and confidence intervals.

Results.

In the CBD recorded assaults fell from 99/quarter before the restriction to 68/quarter in the first post‐change period [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–0.82] and 71/quarter (IRR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55‐0.85) in the later post‐change period. In the same periods in Hamilton, assault rates were 23, 24, and 22 per quarter respectively.

Discussion and Conclusions.

The restriction in closing time was associated with a sustained lower assault rate in the Newcastle CBD. We find no evidence that lockouts and other outlet management strategies were effective in Hamilton. [Kypri K, McElduff P, Miller P. Restrictions in pub closing times and lockouts in Newcastle Australia 5 years on. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:323–326]
Christ in the Limelight: Contemporary Films and Christological Discourse
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Arnfríður
Published: March 2014

The aim of this article is to show how theology can, through the medium of film, engage contemporary interpretations of Jesus’ person and work. Starting out by tracing the development taking place in films about Jesus throughout the twentieth century, the focus then moves to a theological reading of Mel Gibson's interpretation of the passion story for the twenty‐first century in his movie The Passion of the Christ.
The Spirituality of Justification
Authors: Peters Ted
Published: March 2014

The doctrine of justification‐by‐faith has gathered enough dust on its shelf in the museum of antiquated doctrines. When we draw justification‐by‐faith out where we can take a good look at it, it glistens like a mirror. It reflects back to us human beings who we are. We are self‐justifiers. In the name of justice, we perpetrate violence. The pursuit of justice does as much damage as the pursuit of injustice, unfortunately. Like a mirror, justification‐by‐faith reveals who we are and announces that God justifies us by grace. This means we do not have to self‐justify. Liberated from self‐justification, the Christian is free to love for the sake of the beloved.
Understanding Liberals and Conservatives
Authors: Benson John E.
Published: March 2014

It is helpful to teach students of religion and theology that it's not just the teachings and practices of a religion that are important, but the way in which these beliefs and practices are handled that's critical, whether in a liberal or a conservative way. Recent work in Cognitive Linguistics has helped pastors and religion teachers introduce this other dimension of their subject in new ways.
Multiple natural enemies cause distance‐dependent mortality at the seed‐to‐seedling transition
Authors: Fricke Evan C. , Tewksbury Joshua J. , Rogers Haldre S.
Published: March 2014

Specialised natural enemies maintain forest diversity by reducing tree survival in a density‐ or distance‐dependent manner. Fungal pathogens, insects and mammals are the enemy types most commonly hypothesised to cause this phenomenon. Still, their relative importance remains largely unknown, as robust manipulative experiments have generally targeted a single enemy type and life history stage. Here, we use fungicide, insecticide and physical exclosure treatments to isolate the impacts of each enemy type on two life history stages (germination and early seedling survival) in three tropical tree species. Distance dependence was evident for five of six species‐stage combinations, with each enemy type causing distance dependence for at least one species stage and their importance varying widely between species and stages. Rather than implicating one enemy type as the primary agent of this phenomenon, our field experiments suggest that multiple agents acting at different life stages collectively contribute to this diversity‐promoting mechanism.