bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications and perspectives of using nanomaterials for sustainable plant nutrition
Authors: Ditta Allah , Arshad Muhammad
Published: December 2015

Nanotechnology opens a large scope of novel applications in the fields of plant nutrition needed to meet the future demands of the growing population because nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties, i.e. high surface area, high reactivity, tunable pore size, and particle morphology. Management of optimum nutrients for sustainable crop production is a priority-based area of research in agriculture. In this regard, nanonutrition has proved to be the most interesting area of research and concerns with the provision of nano-sized nutrients for sustainable crop production. Using this technology, we can increase the efficiency of micro- as well as macronutrients of plants. In the literature, various NPs and nanomaterials (NMs) have been successfully used for better nutrition of crop plants compared to the conventional fertilizers. This review summarizes these NPs and NMs into macro-, micro-, and nanocarrier-based fertilizers and plant-growth-enhancing NPs with unclear mechanisms, describing their role in improving growth and yield of crops, concentration/rate of application, particle size, mechanism of action if known, toxic effects if any, and research gaps in the present research. Moreover, future research directions for achieving sustainable agriculture are also discussed in the appropriate section and at the end in the concluding remarks section.
Functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – a review of the potential role of antiapoptotic agents
Authors: Salihu Abubakar Tijjani , Muthuraju Sangu , Idris Zamzuri , Izaini Ghani Abdul Rahman , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: December 2015

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common form of stroke and is associated with greater mortality and morbidity compared with ischaemic stroke. The current ICH management strategies, which mainly target primary injury mechanisms, have not been shown to improve patient’s functional outcome. Consequently, multimodality treatment approaches that will focus on both primary and secondary pathophysiology have been suggested. During the last decade, a proliferation of experimental studies has demonstrated the role of apoptosis in secondary neuronal loss at the periphery of the clot after ICH. Subsequently, the value of certain antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome following ICH was evaluated in animal models. Preliminary evidence from those studies strongly supports the potential role of antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage. Expectedly, the ongoing and subsequent clinical trials will substantiate these findings and provide clear information on the most potent and safe antiapoptotic agents, their appropriate dosage, and temporal window of action, thereby making them suitable for the multimodality treatment approach.
Phase cancellation by external pair-merge of heads
Authors: Epstein Samuel D. , Kitahara Hisatsugu , Seely Daniel
Published: December 2015

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Labeling through Spell-Out
Authors: Takita Kensuke , Goto Nobu , Shibata Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2015

This paper proposes that a particular conception of the Spell-Out operation provides a hitherto unnoticed way of determining a label of otherwise unlabeled syntactic objects. It is shown that this proposal simplifies the grammar and gains several theoretical and empirical consequences, eliminating certain unnecessary complications in Chomsky’s (
Application of the Reverberation-Ray Matrix to the Non-Fourier Heat Conduction in Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Zhou Feng-xi
Published: December 2015

The method of the reverberation-ray matrix has been developed and successfully applied to analyse the wave propagation in a multibranched framed structure or in a layered medium. However, the method is confined to the case of mechanical loads applied at the medium until now. This paper aims to extend the formulation of the reverberation-ray matrix to cases of thermal propagation and diffusion. The thermal response in functionally graded materials (FGM) with the non-Fourier heat conduction model is analysed. In the present work, it is assumed that the material properties of an FG plate vary only in the thickness direction by following the power law function. The effect of non-Fourier and material inhomogeneity in the plate subjected to a periodic thermal disturbance is investigated. The present approach is validated by comparing it with the solutions obtained by other methods.
The Modified Simple Equation Method, the Exp-Function Method, and the Method of Soliton Ansatz for Solving the Long–Short Wave Resonance Equations
Authors: Zayed E.M.E. , Al-Nowehy Abdul-Ghani
Published: December 2015

The modified simple equation method, the exp-function method, and the method of soliton ansatz for solving nonlinear partial differential equations are presented. Based on these three different methods, we obtain the exact solutions and the bright–dark soliton solutions with parameters of the long-short wave resonance equations which describe the resonance interaction between the long wave and the short wave. When these parameters take special values, the solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact solutions. We compare the results obtained using the three methods. Also, a comparison between our results and the well-known results is given.
The data deluge
Authors: Bevan Andrew
Published: December 2015

Archaeology has wandered into exciting but daunting territory. It faces floods of new evidence about the human past that are largely digital, frequently spatial, increasingly open and often remotely sensed. The resulting terrain is littered, both with data that are wholly new and data that were long known about but previously considered junk. This paper offers an overview of this diluvian information landscape and aims to foster debate about its wider disciplinary impact. In particular, I would argue that its consequences: a) go well beyond the raw challenges of digital data archiving or manipulation and should reconfigure our analytical agendas; b) can legitimately be read for both utopian and dystopian disciplinary futures; and c) re-expose some enduring tensions between archaeological empiricism, comparison and theory-building.
Animals and humans in complex societies
Authors: Russell Nerissa
Published: December 2015

Zooarchaeology, once largely confined to questions of subsistence and production strategies, has recently devoted much more attention to the social roles of animals in the past. Responding (belatedly) to trends in archaeological theory, on the one hand, and the growth of interdisciplinary animal studies, on the other, zooarchaeologists are now using animal remains to address a broader range of questions that are of interest to archaeologists and others (e.g. Gifford-Gonzalez 2007; Oma 2010; Hill 2013). The three books here exemplify this development, all using zooarchaeological data to explore the varied roles of animals in (mainly) complex societies. Each ranges widely and demonstrates the centrality of animals in the human world, and, therefore, their great potential to illuminate the workings of ancient societies. Each also integrates zooarchaeological data with many other sources of information to create a whole much greater than any of the parts. There is a little overlap in authorship, with a chapter by Sykes in Animals and inequality in the ancient world and contributions by Michael MacKinnon in both edited volumes. These common threads aside, they are quite different books, with different goals and audiences.
Residential patterning at Angkor Wat
Authors: Stark Miriam T. , Evans Damian , Rachna Chhay , Piphal Heng , Carter Alison
Published: December 2015

Considerable attention has been devoted to the architecture and art history of Cambodia's Angkor Wat temple in the last century. There has, however, been little research on the functions and internal organisation of the large rectangular enclosure surrounding the temple. Such enclosures have long been assumed to have been sacred precincts, or perhaps ‘temple-cities’: work exploring the archaeological patterning for habitation within them has been limited. The results of LiDAR survey and excavation have now revealed evidence for low-density residential occupation in these areas, possibly for those servicing the temple. Recent excavations within the enclosure challenge our traditional understanding of the social hierarchy of the Angkor Wat community and show that the temple precinct, bounded by moat and wall, may not have been exclusively the preserve of the wealthy or the priestly elite.
Kennewick Man: coming to closure
Authors: Meltzer David J.
Published: December 2015

Few human remains from the distant past have achieved the public visibility and notoriety of Kennewick Man (the Ancient One). Since his discovery in July 1996 in the state of Washington, he has appeared on one of America's best-known television news programmes,60 Minutes. He has been on the cover ofTimemagazine and in the pages ofPeople,NewsweekandThe New York Times.He has been the subject of popular press books (Downey 2000; Thomas 2000; Chatters 2001), and for many years running there were almost annual updates on his whereabouts and status inScience(some 30 in the decade following his discovery). That is saying nothing of the scholarly notice and debate he has drawn (e.g. Swedlund & Anderson 1999; Owsley & Jantz 2001; Steele & Powell 2002; Watkins 2004; Burkeet al. 2008), including a recently issued tome marking the culmination of almost a decade of study (Owsley & Jantz 2014a).
Accelerated Aging of Thermoplastic Polyolefin Membranes—Prediction of Actual Performance
Authors: Taylor Thomas J. , Xing L.
Published: December 2015

Over the past several years, there has been significant debate within the single-ply roofing industry as to how best to predict membrane service life. This paper discusses the general issues of prediction of performance that are not presently known. This is contrasted with the correlation of test data with actual observed performance. The various stressors of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) are discussed along with the background of some of the more commonly used accelerated aging tests. Finally, service life predictions are shown, using data from a range of accelerated aging tests.
Long-Term Reflective Performance of Roof Surfaces in the Chicago Area
Authors: Rupar Maciek , Graham Mark S.
Published: December 2015

The roofing industry currently relies on roof covering reflectance ratings that are based on the testing of small specimens weathered in natural environments under idealized conditions. The weathering protocols do not account for effects on roof surface reflectance from in-service influences such as roof slope, roof drainage patterns, and rooftop traffic. Also, the reflectance ratings have not been benchmarked against the reflective performance of roof surfaces aged in service. Policies with far-reaching consequences and regulations affecting the construction industry have been formulated on the basis of reflective performance ratings that may not be realized in service. We present reflectance histories of in-service roof surfaces that make possible comparisons between aged in-service reflectances of roof coverings common among commercial roof inventory in the Chicago area and reflectance ratings for equivalent materials. We carried out reflectance measurements on roof systems over a five-year period. Our observations were collected at approximately annual intervals between March 2008 and September 2012. We obtained complete five-year reflectance histories for 34 roof systems and partial histories for an additional 36 roof systems. Our findings indicate aged reflectances of in-service roof coverings typically were lower than the values available from the ENERGY STAR® Roof Products Program and Cool Roof Rating Council's Rated Products Directory for equivalent materials. Roof systems with greater than typical slope provided examples where roof surfaces were achieving the aged reflectance ratings for equivalent materials. Our results also indicate roof surfaces may temporarily and periodically recover some reflectance losses as a result of washing by rain. Based on our findings, we offer specific recommendations for organizations administering reflectance rating programs for roof products and industry stakeholders who rely on roofing product reflectance ratings.
Quantitatively Assessing the Service Life of 55 % Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated Steel Standing Seam Roof Systems
Authors: Dutton Ron , Haddock Rob
Published: December 2015

At the Seventh Symposium on Roofing Research and Standards Development, a new, quantitative method for evaluating service life of a single 55 % aluminum-zinc (Al-Zn) alloy-coated steel low-slope standing seam roof (SSR) system was presented and subsequently published. Using samples from a roof in Denver, CO, the authors utilized laboratory corrosion analysis, together with a visual roof inspection protocol, to predict the total roof service life of a similarly constructed roof when built using today's best practices. In this paper, the authors describe the use of this unique method to further evaluate the total service life of an additional 13 roofs in five different climate zones across the United States, enabling conclusive service life projections based upon empirical data. The site inspections and testing analyzed all critical roof system components. Evaluation methods and protocols set forth criteria for evaluation of the total roof system, including base materials and all ancillary components bearing on total roof system performance and integrity. Included in this analysis is the long-term field performance of butyl sealants in place for up to 35 years. Methods are established to evaluate practical and economic viabilities of capital repair versus replacement following common sense criteria. Definitions are posed for terms such as “end-of-life” and “best practice.” Results confirm the validity of this method and conservatively project total roof service life in excess of 60 years for such roofs if installed today in a wide range of environments using today's best practices. Thus a properly installed 55 % Al-Zn alloy-coated steel SSR system does not require replacement during the building's entire service life of 60 years as established by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program (v4).
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Roofing Details to Improve Thermal Efficiency and Condensation Resistance
Authors: Olson Eric K. , Saldanha Cheryl M. , Hsu Jessica W.
Published: December 2015

For roofing systems with insulation installed entirely above deck, designers typically determine the required insulation thickness from published thermal resistance (R-value in Imperial units and R-value Système International [RSI] in metric) of the roofing insulation. These calculations typically do not consider thermal bridges such as insulation fasteners, penetrations, and other detailing. Increased heat flow at these discontinuities decreases the overall thermal performance of the roofing system and, in cold climates, may also increase the risk of condensation within the roof assembly and surrounding construction.

Roofing system designers need a better understanding of the impact of thermally inefficient details and methods to improve roofing thermal performance. Computer-based thermal modeling can be used to evaluate heat flow through roofing details by estimating the thermal resistance or transmittance of an assembly. In addition, the models permit parametric analysis to review the impact of minor changes to details, such as thickness and placement of insulation, on reducing heat flow. Models can also be used to estimate temperatures of materials and surfaces within the assembly. This analysis allows designers to compare the temperatures within the roofing detail or assembly with indoor dew point temperatures to evaluate condensation potential. Coupled with a hygrothermal analysis, designers can use thermal models to review and recommend insulation, vapor retarder, and air barrier placement in roofing systems.

This study builds on previous research by using commercially available three-dimensional heat transfer software to evaluate heat loss through commonly encountered roofing details, such as penetrations, supports, and drains. We also review the condensation risk created by cold materials penetrating the vapor retarder to reach interior spaces. The effect of roofing fasteners and fastening plates through insulation on heat loss and condensation is also evaluated. The overall reduction in total roofing thermal resistance is calculated for a hypothetical building roof. Finally, we explore strategies to mitigate thermal bridging and condensation risk by reconfiguring details and strategically placing insulation.
Moisture and Durability Performance of Low-Sloped Roof Structures with Varying Surface Types
Authors: Buxbaum Christoph , Paulitsch Simon
Published: December 2015

This paper will present an analysis regarding the hygrothermal performance and durability of non-ventilated lightweight flat roofs with different roofing membranes in the Central European climate. The main focus is assessing the drying potential of selected roof variants in order to predict the potential risks for mold and especially wood decay fungi growth inside the roof construction. Several numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the influence of different roofing membranes (and especially cool roofing products) on the overall hygrothermal conditions inside the roof construction. In addition, roof assemblies with cool roofing membranes were investigated at the Austrian Building Science Research & Test Unit (BSRTU) outdoor test facility (www.building-science.at) of the Carinthia University of Applied Sciences (CUAS). In situ measurement results, taken at this experimental facility, will be discussed.
Evaluation of Air Leakage Properties of Seam-Fastened Mechanically Attached Single-Ply and Polymer-Modified Bitumen Roof Membrane Assemblies
Authors: Molleti Sudhakar , Baskaran Bas , Kalinger Peter , Graham Mark , Cote J. F. , Malpezzi Joe , Schwetz Joe
Published: December 2015

The National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) in collaboration with the Canadian Roofing Contractors Association (CRCA), National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA), Roofing Industry Alliance for Progress, and the Single-Ply Roofing Institute (SPRI) addressed the issue of air movement in roof assemblies through a research and development project designated air movement impacts on roof Systems (AIR). The AIR steering committee developed goals for a two-phase testing program: Phase 1, quantify air permeances of single-ply and polymer-modified bitumen membrane materials; and Phase 2, quantify air leakage rates of seam-fastened mechanically attached single-ply and polymer-modified bitumen roof membrane assemblies. In Phase 1, four roof membrane materials were tested using ASTM E2178 test protocol to measure the air permeability rates. The tested materials meet the air permeability criterion of ASHRAE 189.1, ASHRAE 90.1, and the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) for effective air barrier materials. In Phase 2, a test method for measuring air leakage rates across membrane roof assemblies was developed. Test assemblies were constructed with seam-fastened mechanically attached Phase 1 roof membrane materials, rigid board roof insulation, and steel roof decks. Each test assembly also included five common roof penetrations flashed in accordance with the manufacturers' installation instructions. The results demonstrated that the tested assemblies comply with ASHRAE 189.1, ASHRAE 90.1, and the IECC air leakage requirement for effective air barrier assemblies. An ASTM work item under the D08 committee is underway on the developed test method for measuring air leakage rates across membrane roof assemblies.
Prevalence and clinical features of the ectopic ACTH syndrome in patients with gastroenteropancreatic and thoracic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Kamp K , Alwani R A , Korpershoek E , Franssen G J H , de Herder W W , Feelders R A
Published: December 2015

Objective

Several series report on the relative contribution of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) in the spectrum of Cushing's syndrome. However, prevalence of EAS in patients with thoracic or gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) is currently unknown.

Design

We assessed, in a tertiary referral center, the prevalence of EAS in a large cohort of thoracic and GEP-NET patients including clinical, biochemical, and radiological features; management; and treatment outcome.

Methods

In total, 918 patients with thoracic or GEP-NETs were studied (1993–2012). Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and small cell lung carcinoma patients were excluded. Differentiation between synchronous, metachronous, and cyclic occurrence of EAS was made.

Results

Out of the 918 patients with thoracic and GEP-NETs (469 males and 449 females; median age 58.7 years (range: 17.3–87.3)), 29 patients (3.2%) had EAS (ten males and 19 females; median age 48.1 years (range: 24.7–77.9)). EAS occurred synchronously in 23 patients (79%), metachronously in four patients (14%), and cyclical in two patients (7%) respectively. NETs causing EAS included lung/bronchus (n=9), pancreatic (n=9), and thymic (n=4). In four patients, the cause of EAS was unknown (n=4). Median overall survival (OS) of non-EAS thoracic and GEP-NET patients was 61.2 months (range: 0.6–249.4). Median OS of EAS patients was 41.4 months (range: 2.2–250.9). After comparison, only the first 5-year survival was significantly shorter (P=0.013) in EAS patients.

Conclusion

Prevalence of EAS in this large cohort of patients with thoracic and GEP-NETs was 3.2%. EAS was mostly caused by thoracic and pancreatic NETs. First 5-year survival of EAS patients was shorter compared with non-EAS patients.
60 YEARS OF POMC: The proopiomelanocortin gene: discovery, deletion and disease
Authors: Clark Adrian J L
Published: December 2015

The cloning of the bovine proopiomelanocortin (POMC) cDNA in 1978 by Nakanishi and colleagues was the result of a remarkable series of exacting and ingenious experiments. With this work, they instantly confirmed the single precursor hypothesis for adrenocorticotrophic hormone-β-lipotropin, as it was then known, and in so doing revealed the existence of additional, largely unpredicted, N-terminal peptides that together formed the POMC precursor peptide. This work paved the way for a host of additional studies into the physiology of these peptides and their regulation. Furthermore, the cloning of the murinePomcgene was essential for subsequent studies, in whichPomcwas intentionally deleted in the mouse illuminating its substantial role in body weight regulation and adrenal function. Contemporaneously with this work, naturally occurring mutations in humanPOMCcame to light underlining the vital role of this gene in appetite regulation. This article reviews each of these aspects ofPOMCwith the benefit of several decades of hindsight and informed by more recent genomic and transcriptomic data.
Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Review of History, Current Treatment, and Future Directions
Authors: Yang Scott , Andras Lindsay M , Redding Gregory J , Skaggs David L
Published: December 2015

Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is defined as curvature of the spine in children >10° with onset before age 10 years. Young children with EOS are at risk for impaired pulmonary function because of the high risk of progressive spinal deformity and thoracic constraints during a critical time of lung development. The treatment of EOS is very challenging because the population is inhomogeneous, often medically complex, and often needs multiple surgeries. In the past, early spinal fusion was performed in children with severe progressive EOS, which corrected scoliosis but limited spine and thoracic growth and resulted in poor pulmonary outcomes. The current goal in treatment of EOS is to maximize growth of the spine and thorax by controlling the spinal deformity, with the aim of promoting normal lung development and pulmonary function. Bracing and casting may improve on the natural history of progression of spinal deformity and are often used to delay surgical intervention or in some cases obviate surgery. Recent advances in surgical implants and techniques have led to the development of growth-friendly implants, which have replaced early spine fusion as the surgical treatment of choice. Treatment with growth-friendly implants usually requires multiple surgeries and is associated with frequent complications. However, growth-friendly spine surgery has been shown to correct spinal deformity while allowing growth of the spine and subsequently lung growth.
Krisis Kepemimpinan Kiai: Studi atas Kharisma Kiai dalam Masyarakat
Authors: Susanto Edi
Published: December 2015

In the hierarchy of a traditional society, Kiai is considered to belong to both
social and religious elite. He therefore holds an important role in his society. However,
with the expansion of modernity that gives birth to a progressive and dynamic change in
our society, Kiai is not regarded any more as the sole agent of social change. His
function is becoming less and limited vis-à-vis modernity. The nature of his leadership is
no longer religious, paternalistic and charismatic. Hence, Kiai should adapt himself to
modernity and change the style of his leadership to become more persuasive, participative,
and rational if he is to survive.
Studi Kritis terhadap Ilmu Balaghah Klasik
Authors: Aziz Husein
Published: December 2015

Classical Balaghah has been developed theoretically since the era of B. Mu’taz
and culminated in the development in the era of al-Qahir al-Jurjani. But since then, if
has ceased to improve. In the modern era, this science has only been applied, annotated,
redefined and classified. As a consequence, Balaghah turned out to be both dry and
static, incapable of further improvement and adaptation to new circumstances. It is in
this context that this science should be revisited so that new formulation may be fund.
Pendekatan Fenomenologi dalam Studi Agama Konsep, Kritik dan Aplikasi
Authors: Rusli Rusli
Published: December 2015

Phenomenological approach to the study of religion has played such a significant role in unraveling mysteries of religious experiences. By bracketing-out (epoché), a researcher must suspend all of his/her judgments concerning the phenomenon under investigation in order that he/she may gain the real knowledge of the religious phenomena and experience as well as the essence of a religion. However, this approach has been subjugated to many critiques which show that it is vulnerable on the following areas: the continued philosophical viability of the phenomenology of religion, the surreptitious theological assumptions or motives behind this approach, and the public role of scholar in social community under study.
Pemikiran Tasawuf Muh Arsyad al-Banjari dan Pengaruhnya di Masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Zarkasyi Maimunah
Published: December 2015

Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari is hitherto known in the Malay world as a jurist of Shafi’i school of thought. Little has been known concerning his Sufi inclination and ideas. This paper is interested in investigating just that. By scrolling on his works and exploring the genealogy of his thought, this paper is interested in unraveling the Sufistic tendency that manifests in the thought of al-Banjari. The premise that underlies this paper is that the thought of al-Banjari on Sufism is deep-rooted in the 18th century Sufistic current of thought in Mekka. This current of thought is characterized by its persistence to reconcile Shari‘ah and Tasawuf. Zakariyah al-Anshari was regarded as its foremost leader. He was of an Egyptian origin and wrote a book entitled Fath al-Rahman. Many of al-Banjari’s works including Kanz al-Ma‘rifah that he wrote in the Javanese Arabic may be seen as both an annotation and commentary on Fath al-Rahman. A careful analysis on their works reveals an unmistakable intellectual link between the two. Both have worked within the perspective of Syari’ah and Tasawuf and are mainly interested in reconciling them. To their view, it is only by reconciling Syari’ah and Tasawuf that we may have a clear idea concerning the way (Shari‘ah), the order (Tariqah) and the truth (Haqiqah) and the relationship between them. By virtue of his concern in integrating Syari’ah and Tasawuf, al-Banjari is known both as a jurist and a Sunni Sufi. He was also responsible for transferring the knowledge of Tasawuf and Jurisprudence from their authoritative sources in the Middle East to the people of Southern Kalimantan. His intellectual and social role has brought about a significance change in the social fabric of his society. It was in his hand that the inventive practices (bid‘ah) and the religious mischief found in his society were finally eliminated and brushed away. This paper will explore these aspects of al-Banjari’s Sufism.
Petualangan Intelektual al-Ghazali dan Sardar dalam Mencari Kebenaran
Authors: Asari Hasan
Published: December 2015

For the real intellectuals, truth is a search, a journey, a couse, an endeavor. They believe that truth can only be attained through series of painstaking process. The autobiographies of al-Ghazâlî and Sardar are fine illustrations of this kind of search for thruth. Although al-Ghazâlî and Sardar are separated by ten centuries, one can find clear parallels in antomy and procedures of their journeys in seeking truth. The present author attempts to analyse these autobiographies and shows why they could be a good example for young intellectuals.
Konsep Syeikh Abdurrauf Singkel tentang Kematian dalam Naskah Lubb al-Kashf wa al-Bayan
Authors: Mukarrom Ahwan
Published: December 2015

The esoteric nature of Indonesian Islam during the 15th – 17th centuries makes it possible for the debate on eschatological issues including the idea of death to flourish. Abdurrauf Singkel was among the Sufis to have lived in this dynamic century and was engaged in the debate on the issue of death. This paper is aimed at discussing his views about death particularly by referring to his Lubb al-Kashf wa al-Bayan. We discover that Singkel’s treatment of death is related to such concepts of body, soul, salvation and human desire. We also find out that his views found a logical consonance with that of the Javanese manuscript called Serat Wirid idajat Djatinamun. Here human desire and destiny is symbolized in color; red symbolizes human’s anger, black his evil deeds, yellow his mystical attitude, and white his happiness and inner tranquility. The basic argument of the two books is that control of one’s desire during his/her lifetime will help determine his/her destiny in life to come.
Kritik Ibn Jawzi terhadap Ulama dalam Kitab Talbis Iblis
Authors: Abbas Rafid
Published: December 2015

In this paper we are concerned with elaborating the critiques of Ibn Jawzi against the ulama of his time in his Talbis Iblis. By the ulama Ibn Jawzi means the learned in any field of knowledge such as Qur’ânic reading (qira’ah), prophetic tradition (hadith), jurisprudence (fiqh), language, letter, and the art of speech (khitabah). We will analyze the motif behind Ibn Jawzi’s warning to the ulama that they can –by virtue of their knowledge- be manipulated by the Satan. Not all knowledge is therefore good. Hence, we are interested in exposing the nature of knowledge in Ibn Jawzi’s concept and what are the kinds of knowledge that may lead to Satanic manipulation. The paper will also discuss Ibn Jawzi’s advice to the ulama so that they may not fall victim in the trap of the Satan.
Sejarah dan Dinamika Sosial Fiqih Reformis dan Fiqih Tradisionalis di Indonesia
Authors: Salam Abd.
Published: December 2015

This paper is aimed at describing the history and the social dynamics of the reformist and traditionalist fiqh in Indonesia. It first tries to show that since the 13th century Islam in Indonesia has largely been Sufi-oriented. It was only fairly recently that Islam in this country came into contact with figh especially after the return of Indonesian students from the Middle East toward the end of the 19th century. The puritan and reformist movements that prevailed in the Middle East at the time especially those under the patronage of Muhammad Abdul Wahhab and Jamaluddin al-Afghani inspired Muslims of this country to launch a similar reform in Indonesia. This reform movement received a somewhat strong opposition from the traditionalists since the beginning of the 20th century, hence the tension between the two currents of thought. This paper pays particular attention to this dynamic tension in the context of the contemporary historical and legal development in Indonesia.
Konsep Self-Interest dan Maslahah dalam Rasionalitas Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Nurohman Dede
Published: December 2015

Two important concepts in economics represent the main ideas that this paper is concerned with, namely the concept of self-interest and mas lah ah. These two concepts will be analyzed in the light of what is commonly known as the economic rationality. The rational dimension of economy is about the individual act in consumption and production. An act in consumption and production—like in any other acts—is called rational as long as it is line with one’s logic. When an act is done not in a proper concordance with logic, then the act is not rational. Pure Capitalism in which one would justify his/her acts of oppressing others economi cally for example, cannot be called rational because it is not logical and is not in a proper consonance with the ethical values. We argue therefore that the rational dimension coupled with its ethical apparatus must represent the heart of all economic activities if a healthy economic foundation is to be established. Here we contend that self-interest—as opposed to maslahah—hasno place whatsoever in the whole schemata of rational economy. On the contrary, mas lahah is an alternative for the already hegemonic system of global economy in which self-interest is its core. Maslahah ah is to do with society-interest and not self-interest. At the end, this paper is a critique against the global capitalistic economy that has failed to establish justice and equality for all.
Pembacaan Dangding Haji Hasan Mustapa terhadap Sastra Sufistik Sunda di Era Budaya Popular
Authors: Rohmana Jajang A.
Published: December 2015

Dangding as a literary work is only meaningful when chanted. When one just reads in his/her mind silently, dangding becomes dry and lacks of meaning. This paper discusses the position of Mustapa’s dangding in literary context and their relevance to contemporary Sundanese discourse. The main focus of this study is the character of his mystical verses, structural aspects of dangding as a Sufism vessel, and to examine any discrepancy of meaning in reading process on his dangding for Sundanese literary today. Cultural studies approach is used to analyze the meaningfulness of his works in the current widespread popular cultural challenges. The study finds that with the decline of dangding tradition, Mustapa’s works receive a great deal of challenges seen from the development of modern literary: the influence of Indonesian literature (short stories, novels, etc.) to the Sundanese literary; dangding becomes marginalized along with the loss of many cultural institutions where it is appreciated; and the problem of meaning discrepancies on reading it in popular culture, which is dominated by massively printed works that lost the meaning behind words and melody. It is difficult for it to compete in popular cultural hegemony that relies on uniformity, profit-oriented and passive consumer.
Rekonstruksi Fiqh Pendarahan Pervaginam dengan Pendekatan Medis
Authors: Musyafa’ah Nur Lailatul
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the reconstruction of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) with regard to vaginal bleeding using a medical approach. The fiqh of vaginal bleeding discusses menstruation, postpartum, and istiḥâḍah. The discussion of fiqh is normative in nature, as it is based on the Qur’ân and Hadîth. Technological developments in medical science affect the deconstruction of fiqh pertaining to vaginal bleeding. As a resut, the opinions of previous jurists become less relevant, and the fiqh of vaginal bleeding needs to be reconstructed accordingly. This reconstruction can be conducted by using the empirical-normative approach to the study of fiqh with regard tovaginal bleeding, redefining the fiqh of vaginal bleeding, reinterpreting the argument of fiqh concerning vaginal bleeding, and making medical experts as partners in determining vaginal bleeding.
Fundamentalisme dan Masa Depan Ideologi Politik Islam
Authors: Chalik Abdul
Published: December 2015

This article elaborates the phenomenon of fundamentalism and the future of Islamic political ideology. Islamic ideology represents religious views, ideas and movements which aspire to bring Islam into practice in state and societal affairs. One variant of Islamic ideologies is fundamentalism which endeavors to return religious practices back to the pristine Islam based on the Qur’ân and al-Hadîth. Fundamentalism rejects all modes of understand-ding which are not based on the Qur’ân and al-Hadîth, and refuses secular methodology in interpreting the Qur’ân. This type of Islamic ideology found its momentum when Saudi Arabia regime officially adopted Wahhabism, and when Egyptian intellectuals were united to fight against modernity. Both Saudi Arabia and Egypt became seeding ground for fundamentalism. Some young muslim scholars who studied there became agents for the dissemination dan transmission of the fundamentalist ideology throughout the world. In Indonesia, this ideology have developed since independence and the drafting of the constitution. In the Indonesian context, resistence from traditionalist and nationalit groups were so strong that enable to dam up the spread of fundamentalis ideas. However, fundamentalist ideology remains an important challenge for the future of Indonesian Islam.
The BDS Young Engineers' Forums role in succession planning
Authors: Tudor Samuel
Published: December 2015

The UK dams and reservoirs industry faces many challenges in the future, including ageing assets, changes to legislation, requirements to cut costs, population growth and global climate change. To overcome some of these challenges, it is essential that as an industry we invest heavily in our human resource to ensure that our engineering professionals can continue to meet the demands of a high-risk industry. The British Dam Society recognised the need to invest in young engineers (under 35 years of age) and created a forum led by a group of young engineers. The Young Engineers' Forum aims to open communication channels between young engineers within the British Dam Society and assists in expanding the membership base of persons under 35 years of age within the society. A primary focus of the group is to link current supervising engineers and inspecting engineers with young engineers who are aspiring to join the panel. The Young Engineers' Forum aspires to create an environment that assists in the development of our engineers. This paper will outline the objectives and delivery aims of the Young Engineers' Forum; however, this will not be possible without the continued support of members of the supervising and inspecting engineers panels.
Growth and Development of LIS Education in India
Authors: Yadav Akhilesh K. S. , Gohain Rashmi Rekha
Published: December 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the recent trends and development of LIS education and training in India. It has noted that first decade of 21st century was notable for library and information science education in India. A number of universities and institutions have initiated library and information science education and training program. Many universities and institutions have changed the nomenclature of LIS program, revised the curriculum, shifted from certificate course to master degree program to research study, and international collaboration. It is observed that many LIS schools have changed their curricula from minor tinkering to full revision, from traditional course to digital course. LIS schools opened-up for more interdisciplinary, more practical/practice oriented rather than theoretical classes, and also come forward for international collaboration. But, some of the LIS schools still suffer for their existence due to traditional course curricula, lack of infrastructure, lack of computer lab, and lack of teaching faculty and staff. An attempt has been made in this paper to review the trends of LIS education in India under three important phases; genesis of LIS education; LIS education during 1947-2014; and emerging trends in the new millennium in order to cover the important milestones that occurred in Indian LIS education.The literature that informs the study came from a wide range of sources.The paper provides useful current information to inform LIS professionals, fraternities, researchers, students and other stakeholders on the growth and development of LIS education in India. The article provides latest information regarding universities, institutions and colleges those imparting education, research and training program in library and information studies.
Elephant Research Publications: A Scientometric Analysis on Cab Direct for the Period (1959-2013)
Authors: Lakshmanan Rajendran
Published: December 2015

This paper, analyses publication output within the field of elephant analysis as indexed in CAB Direct Online database covering the period (1959-2013). It reports on India's comparative strength in world science and technology output during this field. It is observed a complete of 5,148 publications was published throughout the year (1959-2013) as per CAB Direct Online. The common range of publications published per year was 109 papers. The highest number of 298 papers was published within the year 2013. The study reveals that India is the top country in elephant analysis with its contribution of 838 papers that is sort of (16.27%) of the worldwide research output on elephant analysis followed by Egypt with 480 papers (9.32%). Saudi Arabia ranks third position with 361 papers (7.01%). The foremost well-linked journals by the scientists concerned in elephant analysis were: Journal of Camel Practice and Analysis with 846 papers (16.43%) followed by Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal with 249 papers (4.84%). The study revealed that out of top five most welllinked journals by the elephant researchers, three journals viz., Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 242 papers (4.70%) and Indian Veterinary Journal 198 papers (3.85%) are published from India which clearly indicates that the contribution of India in elephant analysis is important. The highest medium of communication is journal article with 4,552 papers (88.42%) followed by conference papers with 233 papers (4.52%). Miscellaneous ranks third position with 153 (2.97%). It is observed that English is the most preferred language utilized by the researchers for communication of elephant research with 6939 papers (86.66%) followed by French with 244 (4.73%). Wernery, U. is the most prolific author in elephant analysis who has published 132 papers (2.56%) followed by Faye B with 128 papers (2.48%). It is observed that out of the five authors who contributed a lot of papers in elephant analysis, three are Indians viz., Wernery, U. 132 papers (2.56%), Sahani, M.S. 96 papers (1.86%) and Khanna, N.D. 77 Papers (1.46%).
PLACON: A Model Approach of Consortia Formation among North Eastern Regional Libraries in India
Authors: Pal Jiban K.
Published: December 2015

Over the last two decades, there has been a sea change in knowledge production and dissemination world over; thereby libraries are growing in a rapid changing environment. Numerous ongoing phenomena, such as - information as a commodity, growth in quantity, increased user demand, diminishing budget, raising cost of publications, complex technological requirements, and changing concept of ownership to access are the serious concern; which cannot be reversed. However, price escalations in journal subscription and confusing array of pricing models have prompted the significant growth in number of library-consortia. This paper discusses on consortium as an organization, and is one of the emerging toolkits for libraries to survive; demonstrates the characteristics of successful consortia; recognizes the constrains specific to northeast region; and suggests the formation of a consortium solely for the North Eastern Regional Libraries (NERL) in India. The study draws an attention to the environmental circumstances (viz. topographical, climatic, economic, political, cultural, etc.) that are unique to north-eastern part of India; which makes the NERL potentially different from the mainland, thus hampers the consistent growth of consortia in the region. The paper examines various supportive measures to initiate the Consortium, and uses a model approach to be known as PLACON (stands for PLANNER Consortia); expected to trigger the balanced development of the NERL, in order to take up the challenges of twenty-first century. It highlights basic principles, major projects, and model structure of the Consortium; which would be a centralized, efficient, highly cost-effective system and emphasizes the constant source of external funds that will provide further subsidies in acquisition of online resources. The proposal puts forth major recommendations where 'information infrastructure' is prerequisite to ensure a sustainable growth of the NERL is also discussed. It also presents the strategies for making decisions and proper executions as well as follow-up-actions to be required for implementation of the Consortium in order to achieve the resultant benefits in a real situation.
Public Library System in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala: An investigation
Authors: AjithaKumari V. P. , Francis A. T.
Published: December 2015

Public libraries provide a wide range of information products and services to the benefit of its user community. A public library is considered as gateway to knowledge, freedom, prosperity and the development of the society. The individuals in a society must have fundamental human values as per the UNESCO declaration. These are acquired by well informed citizens through playing an active part in social affairs and exercising their democratic rights. Constructive participation and the development of democracy depend upon satisfactory education as well as free and unlimited access to knowledge, thought, culture and information provided by public libraries. This study examines the role of public libraries in Kerala society. An attempt was made to evaluate the use of A-Grade public libraries in Thiruvananthapuram District by the users, purpose of using libraries, and present an overview of public libraries. This study suggests ways of reorienting the public libraries with IT enabled sources and services for the better development of the community as a whole.