bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dedicated eight‐channel receive RF coil array for monkey brain MRI at 9.4 T
Authors: Li Mingyan , Li Yu , Jin Jin , Yang Zhengyi , Zhang Baogui , Liu Yanyan , Song Ming , Freakly Craig , Weber Ewald , Liu Feng , Jiang Tianzi , Crozier Stuart
Published: July 2020

The neuroimaging of nonhuman primates (NHPs) realised with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in understanding brain structures and functions, as well as neurodegenerative diseases and pathological disorders. Theoretically, an ultrahigh field MRI (≥7 T) is capable of providing a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for better resolution; however, the lack of appropriate radiofrequency (RF) coils for 9.4 T monkey MRI undermines the benefits provided by a higher field strength. In particular, the standard volume birdcage coil at 9.4 T generates typical destructive interferences in the periphery of the brain, which reduces the SNR in the neuroscience‐focused cortex region. Also, the standard birdcage coil is not capable of performing parallel imaging. Consequently, extended scan durations may cause unnecessary damage due to overlong anaesthesia. In this work, assisted by numerical simulations, an eight‐channel receive RF coil array was specially designed and manufactured for imaging NHPs at 9.4 T. The structure and geometry of the proposed receive array was optimised with numerical simulations, so that the SNR enhancement region was particularly focused on monkey brain. Validated with rhesus monkey and cynomolgus monkey brain images acquired from a 9.4 T MRI scanner, the proposed receive array outperformed standard birdcage coil with higher SNR, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy values, as well as providing better capability for parallel imaging.
Misinterpretation of velocity pull‐ups caused by high‐velocity infill of tunnel valleys in the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Frahm Laura , Hübscher Christian , Warwel Arne , Preine Jonas , Huster Hendrik
Published: July 2020

In this study, we undertake a renewed investigation of up‐bent reflections seen in seismic time sections from the Baltic Sea, Bay of Kiel. These warped reflections stretch over the entire vertical extent of the sections, from Permian to Quaternary strata, and underlie tunnel valleys. Previous studies interpreted these structures as anticlines, explaining them together with adjacent faults and disrupted strata as the consequence of ice‐load‐induced salt tectonics. This conclusion would have influenced theories on how tunnel valleys formed. However, well data from tunnel valleys in other regions supported the interpretation of the up‐bent reflections as imaging artefacts (pull‐ups). A newly acquired long‐offset, multichannel seismic data set images all strata from Base Zechstein up to the seafloor. Owing to the length of the streamer and a shallow water depth, the data display significant moveout and refracted waves, allowing the application of different quantitative methods to investigate velocities. By generating partial‐offset sections, we reveal an offset dependence in the imaging of the up‐bent structures caused by a local, near‐surface high‐velocity zone. This also explains a smoothing of the up‐bending with depth in the seismic image. A velocity model gained by a travel‐time tomography shows positive velocity anomalies in the upper strata correlating with tunnel valleys resolved in the reflection images. A pre‐stack depth migration performed with a velocity model containing a high‐velocity zone results in a seismic image almost free of the observed up‐bent reflections. High‐frequency reflection seismic data confirm this result as it shows a detailed image of a tunnel valley with a phase‐reversed bottom reflection caused by the velocity inversion at the base of the high‐velocity valley fill deposits. Hence, there is consistent evidence that all up‐bent reflections in the Bay of Kiel are imaging artefacts (pull‐ups) that formed beneath tunnel valleys. A salt tectonic control on tunnel valley evolution is, consequently, not likely. This study is the first purely seismic data‐driven study that proves high‐velocity valley fill deposits. Our findings imply that extra care must be taken when interpreting reflection undulations as tectonic features where glacial deposits are present.
Does Bariatric Binge‐Eating Size Matter? Conceptual Model and Empirical Support
Authors: Ivezaj Valentina , Lydecker Janet A. , Wiedemann Ashley A. , Duffy Andrew J. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Bariatric surgery affects the quantity of food individuals can eat, yet some individuals still experience loss of control (LOC) while eating. This cross‐sectional study examined a new classification system for binge/LOC eating following bariatric surgery.

Methods

A total of 168 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery 6 months earlier and reported LOC eating were administered the Eating Disorder Examination–Bariatric Surgery Version interview and self‐report measures of depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and physical and mental health‐related quality of life. Three groups were created based on the largest LOC‐eating episode determined by the Eating Disorder Examination–Bariatric Surgery Version interview as follows: (1) “traditional” objective binge‐eating episodes, defined as eating unusually large quantities of food while having LOC; (2) “bariatric‐objective binge eating,” meaning unusually large quantities for postsurgical bariatric patients with LOC; and (3) “bariatric‐subjective binge eating,” meaning small quantities of food with LOC after surgery.

Results

In total, 75% (n = 126) met criteria for the bariatric‐objective binge episodes group, 10% (n = 17) met criteria for the traditional objective binge‐eating group, and 15% (n = 25) met criteria for the bariatric‐subjective binge episodes group. The three groups differed significantly, with a graded pattern by binge size, in global eating‐disorder psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment but not quality of life.

Conclusions

These findings provide empirical support for a new classification system for bariatric binge/LOC eating. Binge size was associated with distinct psychopathology. Longitudinal follow‐up is needed to ascertain effects on clinical outcomes.
Different Expression of Duodenal Genes Related to Insulin Resistance Between Nonobese Women and Those with Severe Obesity
Authors: Ho‐Plagaro Ailec , Santiago‐Fernandez Concepción , Rodríguez‐Díaz Cristina , Lopez‐Gómez Carlos , Garcia‐Serrano Sara , Rodríguez‐Pacheco Francisca , Valdes Sergio , Rodríguez‐Cañete Alberto , Alcaín‐Martínez Guillermo , Ruiz‐Santana Natalia , Vázquez‐Pedreño Luis , García‐Fuentes Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Objective

The study aim was to identify changes in duodenal gene expression associated with the development of insulin resistance according to the BMI of women.

Methods

Duodenal samples were assessed by microarray in four groups of women, nonobese women and women with severe obesity, with both low and high insulin resistance.

Results

There was a group of shared downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to tissue homeostasis and antimicrobial humoral response in women with higher insulin resistance both with severe obesity and without obesity. In the exclusive DEGs found in severe obesity, downregulated DEGs related to the regulation of the defense response to bacterium and cell adhesion, involving pathways related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism, were observed. In the exclusive DEGs from nonobese women with higher insulin resistance, upregulated DEGs mainly related to the regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity, very low‐density lipoprotein particle remodeling, lipid metabolic process, antigen processing, and the presentation of peptide antigen were found.

Conclusions

Independent of BMI, higher insulin resistance was associated with a downregulation of duodenal DEGs mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism. Also, intestinal lipoprotein metabolism may have a certain relevance in the regulation of insulin resistance in nonobese women.
Stability and reachability analysis for a controlled heterogeneous population of cells
Authors: Carrère Cécile , Zidani Hasnaa
Published: July 2020

This article is devoted to the study of a controlled population of cells. The modeling of the problem leads to a mathematical formulation of stability and reachability properties of some controlled systems under uncertainties. We use the Hamilton‐Jacobi approach to address these problems and to design a numerical method that we analyze on several numerical simulations.
A Metallosupramolecular Coordination Polymer for the ‘Turn‐on’ Fluorescence Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Hatai Joydev , Hirschhäuser Christoph , Schmuck Carsten , Niemeyer Jochen
Published: July 2020

A coumarin based probe for the efficient detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous medium is reported. The investigated coumarine‐based derivative forms spherical nanoparticles in aqueous media. In presence of Pd2+, a metallosupramolecular coordination polymer is formed, which is accompanied by quenching of the coumarin emission at 390 nm. Its Pd2+ complex could be used as a probe for chemoselective detection of monohydrogensulfide (HS−). Presence of HS− leads to a'turn‐on' fluorescence signal, resulting from decomplexation of Pd2+ from the metallosupramolecular probe. The probe was successfully applied for qualitative and quantitative detection of HS− in different sources of water directly collected from sea, river, tap and laboratory drain water, as well as in growth media for aquatic species.
Mechanical response and critical failure mechanism characterization of notched carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate subjected to tensile loading
Authors: Wang Changzi , Yao Lu , He Wentao , Cui Xiaofei , Xie De , Lu Shaojia
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to investigate the mechanical responses and critical failure mechanisms of notched composite laminates with the aid of numerical and experimental approaches, considering the effect of notch geometry, notch size and off‐axis angle. Quasi‐static tensile tests are implemented to study the influence of design variables on the mechanical response, during which the relationship of force vs displacement and strain distributions are collected by means of digital image correlation technique. Subsequently, the numerical simulation is implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit through a progressive damage model integrated with a VUMAT subroutine. Meanwhile, the initiation and propagation of damage are explored through the damage morphologies, combining with the logarithmic strain components from numerical predictions. Results show that notch strength and failure strain are more closely associated with off‐axis angle and notch size compared with notch geometry. In addition, with the increase of off‐axis angle, the contribution of fiber is increasingly weakened, the damage mode gradually varies from fiber fracture to pull out accompanied with the damage near the notch changing from fiber fracture to delamination. Meanwhile, the critical failure mechanism varies from tension dominated to tension‐shear/shear dominated as the off‐axis angle grows larger.
Nondestructive automated workflow for analyzing diverse leaf morphologies using computed tomography
Authors: Kuo Nathanael , Hahne Nadeau , Iwaskiw Alex , Stone William , Wu Susan , Yang Kimberly , Timm Collin M.
Published: July 2020

Automated plant analysis methods can inform basic and applied plant research. Computed tomography (CT) has been used to image plants in canopies and individual plants; however this method is underutilized for dynamic analysis of plant growth. In this work we present a workflow and associated algorithm to nondestructively extract leaf area from 120 individual CT scans for plants with flat [soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.], textured (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.), and grassy (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Under low water conditions, we see significant changes in leaf area depending on leaf type. This work enables future automated phenotyping using CT scanning of whole plants.
Protein–carbohydrate regulation and nutritionally mediated responses to Bt are affected by caterpillar population history
Authors: Tessnow Ashley E , Behmer Spencer T , Sword Gregory A
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The widespread adoption of genetically modified crops, includingBacillius thuringensis(Bt) crops that target chewing insects, has transformed agricultural pest management. This increased use of Bt has raised concerns about the onset of resistance amongst target pests. Recent studies have shown that for some caterpillars, nutritional foraging (e.g. the ratio of proteins and carbohydrates consumed) can affect the insect susceptibility to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac. However, studies on both nutritional foraging and Bt susceptibility tend to rely on laboratory colonies without specifically addressing physiological differences that may occur between populations of the same species. Here, we used choice assays, no choice assays and dose response assays to address two overarching questions: Do populations ofSpodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) vary in their protein–carbohydrate foraging behavior? and Does protein–carbohydrate intake impactS. frugiperda's susceptibility to the Bt toxin Cry1F?

RESULTS

All three of ourS. frugiperdapopulations actively regulated their protein–carbohydrate intake, but we observed significant differences between populations with respect to their self‐selected protein–carbohydrate intake. We also found that feeding at the protein–carbohydrate intake target slightly increased Cry1F susceptibility for oneS. frugiperdapopulation, but had no effect on the other two populations.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that inherent differences exist in the nutritional physiology of threeS. frugiperdapopulations, possibly related to the time spent in culture. This suggests that population‐level differences are an important consideration when drawing parallels between field‐collected and laboratory‐reared insects.
Antimicrobial therapeutic enhancement of levofloxacin via conjugation to a cell‐penetrating peptide: An efficient sonochemical catalytic process
Authors: Taheri‐Ledari Reza , Maleki Ali
Published: July 2020

Herein, we make an effort to enhance the antimicrobial activity of levofloxacin (LVX) antibiotic via conjugation to a cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) including Cys‐Gly‐Ala‐Phe‐Pro‐His‐Arg. For this purpose, cysteine is used as a linker between the LVX and CPP chain, and two heterogeneous nanoscale catalytic systems are employed as the substantial alternatives for traditional peptide coupling reagents like N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐O‐(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)uronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU). Briefly, it has been found out that the antimicrobial potency of the synthesized CPP‐LVX conjugate (on the gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria) is noticeably enhanced (~20% more). It has been revealed via zone of inhibition (ZOI) and optical density (OD) evaluations. As a convenient method for making this type of the effective conjugations, ultrasound waves (with a specific frequency and power density) activate the catalytic sites of the heterogeneous nanoparticles. Through this synergistic effect, peptide/amide bond is formed during a short time (10 min), and high reaction yield (>90%) is obtained under mild conditions. Moreover, as a simple purification process, the catalyst nanoparticles are collected and separated through their high magnetic property.
Introducing TC intensity into the DSAEF_LTP model and simulating precipitation of super‐typhoon Lekima (2019)
Authors: Jia Li , Jia Zuo , Ren Fumin , Ding Chenchen , Wang Mingyang , Feng Tian
Published: July 2020

In this study, the Dynamical‐Statistical‐Analog Ensemble Forecast model for landfall typhoon precipitation (the DSAEF_LTP model), which has been developed by Ren et al., in 2020, is applied to precipitation simulations for super‐typhoon Lekima (2019), a tropical cyclone (TC) that produced heavy rainfall over eastern China. A new variable, TC intensity, is introduced into the generalized initial value (GIV) of the DSAEF_LTP model. Two different groups of simulation experiments, one group including the new TC intensity variable in the GIV and the other group excluding it, have been conducted. Results show that, with TC intensity, the ability of the DSAEF_LTP model to forecast heavy rainfall (i.e. accumulated precipitation exceeding thresholds of 250 and 100 mm) for Lekima is improved. Its threat score (TS) ranks the second compared with that of three numerical weather prediction models (i.e. ECMWF, GRAPES and GFS). Further study shows that three factors prevent the DSAEF_LTP model from achieving more satisfactory results for Lekima: the historically rare occurrence of extreme precipitation in northern China during Lekima, the increase of forecast track error when Lekima moved northwards, and the calculation of similarity between tracks of Lekima and historical TCs within an improper region (i.e. similarity region). To solve the third problem, new similarity region schemes are adopted that produce higher TS, in which case TS of precipitation greater than 100 mm (TS100) ranks first and TS of precipitation greater than 250 mm (TS250) gets closer to the first place.
Statistical inference and Bayesian optimal life‐testing plans under Type‐II unified hybrid censoring scheme
Authors: Sen Tanmay , Bhattacharya Ritwik , Pradhan Biswabrata , Tripathi Yogesh Mani
Published: July 2020

This article describes the inferential procedures and Bayesian optimal life‐testing issues under Type‐II unified hybrid censoring scheme. First, the explicit expressions of expected number of failures, expected duration of testing, and Fisher information matrix for the unknown parameters of the underlying lifetime model are derived. Then, using these quantities, the Bayesian optimal life‐testing plans are computed in a subsequent section. A cost constraint D‐optimal optimization problem has been formulated, and the corresponding solution algorithm is provided to obtain optimal plans. Computational procedures are illustrated through numerical examples.
Quality of experience‐based optimization of satellite Internet‐at‐sea using WAN accelerators
Authors: Arfeen Asad , Uddin Riaz
Published: July 2020

To support on‐board satellite Internet connectivity at sea, the shipping vessels rely on various types of WAN accelerator devices. These devices provide bandwidth optimization over high‐latency and low‐bandwidth links by real‐time data compression and transport layer protocol‐specific optimizations. These types of devices are often licensed based on the number of concurrent transport layer flows that can be optimized, which requires dimensioning the equipment before deployment. If the number of transport layer flows increases beyond the device's specifications, then such flows will simply be passed through without any optimization. The limitation to scaling would be further aggravated by emerging user applications that are not only bandwidth hungry but also initiate more transport layer flows. The purpose of this article is to study how optimizations can be carried out at client side so as to improve user quality of experience of Internet‐at‐sea without further investing in expensive WAN accelerator devices and changing operational network. In this article, we present a statistical analysis of various web browsers' traffic and suggest techniques to reduce the number of transport layer flows originating from client side. Furthermore, besides an extensive analysis on satellite Internet traffic optimization, technical suggestions are also presented to achieve better quality of experience for the users of Internet‐at‐sea. In addition, the prospective impacts of new services like DNS‐over‐https, Quick UDP over Internet Connection (QUIC), and http/2 on WAN acceleration has also been discussed.
A Practical Electrochemical Sensor for Atenolol Detection Based on a Graphene Oxide Composite Film Doped with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Ayan Ebru Mavioğlu , Karabiberoğlu Şükriye Ulubay , Dursun Zekerya
Published: July 2020

Zinc oxide nanoparticles doped graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrodes (Zn‐GO/GCE) were fabricated for easy, cheap and practical detection of atenolol (ATE). The morphological and chemical characterizations of modified electrodes were carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The amounts of the electrode modifiers and the differential pulse voltammetric parameters were optimized due to exhibited the best analytical response towards the determination of ATE. As a result, the calibration curves of ATE were obtained at Zn‐GO/GCE using DPV technique with two different linear parts: 7.8 ‐ 84 μmol L−1 and 167 μmol L−1 ‐ 639 μmol L−1. The detection limit (LOD) was also calculated as 2.50 μmol L−1. The fabricated electrode in this study is selective for ATE in the presence of some electroactive molecules. The practical, easy and cheap modified electrode was applied for the detection of ATE in atenolol medicine tablets with good recovery.
Real‐time monitoring of carbon dioxide emissions from a shallow carbon dioxide release experiment
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jun , Han Seung Hyun , Kim Seongjun , Ko Daegeun , Yun Seong‐Taek , Son Yowhan
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to analyze CO2 migration from a shallow CO2 release experiment using a continuous soil CO2 flux measurement system. Approximately 1.8 t CO2 was injected from 1 to 30 June 2016 through the point sources with perforated release wells laid at 2.5‐m soil depth. Using LI‐8100A instruments, CO2 concentration, CO2 flux, soil temperature, soil moisture, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were continuously measured every 30 min at 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m from the well from 29 May to 4 August 2016. Typically sensors for soil temperature and moisture were installed at 5‐cm depth, and CO2 concentration, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were measured at the chambers. The CO2 flux was not maximum directly above the release well. Carbon dioxide flux at 6.0 m from the well was similar to the background level. The relationship between CO2 flux and environmental factors, described using a temporal correlation analysis, indicated that CO2 flux was primarily driven by soil temperature and had the inverse correlation with relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Heavy rainfall inhibited in‐soil CO2 migration by filling the soil pore with water. The anomalously high CO2 flux detected at 1.5 m from the well may have been caused by the associated permeability structure, in which a permeability discrepancy leads to the vertical or horizontal flow of in‐soil CO2. These findings from this shallow CO2 release experiment should be considered as basic information to characterize and model the in‐soil CO2 transport related to CO2 leakage.
Nitrogen, irrigation, and alley management effects on nitrate leaching from raspberry
Authors: Kuchta Shawn , Neilsen Denise , Forge Thomas , Zebarth Bernie J. , Nichol Craig
Published: July 2020

High NO3 concentrations in the Abbotsford‐Sumas aquifer are linked to raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. Passive capillary wick samplers were used to quantify the impacts of N, irrigation, and alley managements on drainage and NO3 leaching from raspberry rows and alleys over 4 yr. Conventional management (100 kg N ha−1 surface broadcast on the row as a split application, clean cultivation of alleys, and fixed‐duration drip irrigation) was compared with different mineral fertilizer N rates, N applied as manure, alleys seeded to a perennial forage grass or an autumn‐seeded spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop, or evapotranspiration (ET)‐scheduled irrigation. The temporal pattern of drainage and NO3 leaching was driven by seasonal precipitation and growing season irrigation. Growing season drainage and NO3 leaching were much lower under ET‐scheduled irrigation compared with fixed irrigation. Nitrate leaching was high (up to 90 kg N ha−1), even with no managed N inputs due to high inherent soil fertility and large quantities of N applied in irrigation water. Nitrate leaching was insensitive to N fertilizer rate. Application of N as poultry manure more than doubled NO3 leaching compared with fertilizer, emphasizing the need to use organic N inputs judiciously. The perennial grass alley cover crop resulted in the greatest overall reduction in NO3 leaching. Our data indicate that no single management strategy is sufficient to protect groundwater quality. Rather, an integrated package of improved practices (i.e., application of a reduced rate of mineral N through fertigation, combined with ET‐scheduled irrigation and perennial alley crop) is necessary to protect groundwater quality.
Anomaly detection and prediction of high‐tension bolts by using strain of tower shell
Authors: Kikuchi Yuka , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: July 2020

In this study, an anomaly detection and prediction method for high‐tension bolts is proposed by using the measured strain of tower shell. The finite element models (FEMs) for the high‐tension bolts and tower‐top are built and validated with measurement data. An algorithm of anomaly detection and prediction is then developed by applying Mahalanobis‑Taguchi system. The threshold of abnormal condition for high‐tension bolts is proposed, and the formula for the prediction of remaining axial bolt force is derived by using the strain of tower shell obtained from the FEM model. Finally, onsite measurements are performed at Taikoyama wind farm to investigate the relationship between the strain of tower shell and the remaining axial bolt force. It is found that the proposed threshold based on the FEM model succeeds in detecting abnormal bolt by the Mahalanobis‑Taguchi system, and the proposed formula accurately predicts the remaining axial bolt force.
Representation of Media Policy
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo
Published: July 2020

The coverage of debates about media policy presents a unique situation in which the media has the responsibility of managing debates on their policy. In Western democracies, it is widely accepted that what legitimates the media is its role in the sustenance of democracy. The normative expectation in a democratic society is that during media policy debates, the media should give access to all parties in the debate irrespective of whether the party advances arguments different from the position of that media organisations in the debate. Was that the case in the coverage of the debate that followed the News of the World phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry? Using empirical data, this chapter provides the answer to this question. The chapter also reveals alternative views in the media policy debate.
The Press Reform Debate
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo
Published: July 2020

As a consequence of the phone hacking scandal, the UK press became the focus of a heated public debate. Many questions were asked, and several answers offered. The press had behaved badly and needed to be tamed. But how? Who guards the guardian? How can the press regain its trust? What does this spell for democracy? These were some of the questions asked, as politicians, journalists, the police, the judiciary and other citizens deliberated on how to ensure an accountable press: one that can sustain democracy. Thus, the media became an arena to discuss some of the debates on how to reform the press, if at all. This chapter provides background knowledge on key issues in the debate that followed the News of the World phone hacking scandal. The key issues examined include press freedom, the public interest, privacy, press regulation and media ownership
Media Policy, Democracy and Theories of the Press
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo
Published: July 2020

Many of the arguments on the debate that arose from theNews of the Worldphone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry were based on normative theories of the press. These arguments were mainly inspired by the idea that the media are entrusted with information power and how this power is used has consequences for democracy. This chapter provides a critical analysis of normative theories on the representation of media policy. The neoliberal variant of the libertarian theory, the notion of social responsibility and theory of social democracy are explored to make clear the reasoning behind key arguments on media policy. The concepts of the public sphere and “Journalism as an interpretive community” are expounded to show that in debates about their profession, the press can function not only as an interpretive community, but also as multiple homogeneous publics and individual unique voices.
Investigating the Press Reform Debate
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo
Published: July 2020

The author uses a combination of content and critical discourse analyses to investigate how the media covered the press reform debate that arose from theNews of the Worldphone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. A total of 870 news articles on the media reform debate from six British national newspapers were examined. Based on her findings, the author argues that the public needs to play a greater and more pragmatic role in ensuring press accountability. Also, in this chapter, the terms “metacoverage”, “metajournalistic discourse” and “journalistic metadiscourse” are defined and critically analysed to clarify their usage in academic literature. The chapter also explores the use of paradigm repair strategies in the coverage of media policy. Overall, the research was designed to produce empirical data on the representation of media policy.
Paradigm Repair: Bad Apples and Self-Assertion
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo
Published: July 2020

The chapter reveals how the paradigm repair strategies of individualisation and self-assertion were used in the coverage of the media policy debate that arose from the News of the World phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. The strategy of individualisation was used to protect the press freedom paradigm as well as maintain the boundaries of the “journalist as a crusader” paradigm which had been badly damaged by the phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. The second part, entitled “Self-Assertion: The Journalist as a Crusader”, shows the extent to which journalists affirm their importance in their coverage of media policy debates. It reveals that such self-affirmation is often used to solicit public trust when the media’s reputation is called into question. This chapter also explores the political economy of the Guardian’s coverage of the phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry.
Journalistic Metadiscourse: Access to the Media’s Public Sphere
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo
Published: July 2020

This chapter examines the use of sources in the coverage of the media policy debate that arose from the News of the World phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. Using content analysis, critical discourse analysis and a theoretical framework that consists of the public sphere concept and the gatekeeping theory, this chapter reveals that the coverage of the press reform debate was characterised by a doubly narrow spectrum of sources. It also found that the victims of press abuse were represented as “the stakeholders” (the people to satisfy) rather than a stakeholder of the debate. While acknowledging the importance of the victims to the debate, the study contends that limiting the stakeholder status to those who have been hurt by the press results in a limited range of views and risks shutting down more neutral voices that could have enriched the debate in the public sphere.
Erratum to: Anomalous non-conservation of fermion/chiral number in Abelian gauge theories at finite temperature
Authors: Figueroa Daniel G. , Shaposhnikov Mikhail
Published: July 2020

To confront the numerical results of Γdiff with the analytical results from section 2.3, we originally considered the theoretical prediction for the diffusion rate given by eq. (2.17), which we re-wrote in eq. (4.25).
Matching scalar leptoquarks to the SMEFT at one loop
Authors: Gherardi Valerio , Marzocca David , Venturini Elena
Published: July 2020

Abstract

In this paper we present the complete one-loop matching conditions, up to dimension-six operators of the Standard Model effective field theory, resulting by integrating out the two scalar leptoquarks $$ {S}_1\sim {\left(\mathbf{3},\mathbf{1}\right)}_{\frac{1}{3}} $$

S
1

∼

3
1

1
3

and $$ {S}_3\sim {\left(\mathbf{3},\mathbf{3}\right)}_{\frac{1}{3}} $$

S
3

∼

3
3

1
3

. This allows a phenomenological study of low-energy constraints on this model at one-loop accuracy, which will be the focus of a subsequent work. Furthermore, it provides a rich comparison for functional and computational methods for one-loop matching, that are being developed. As a corollary result, we derive a complete set of dimension-six operators independent under integration by parts, but not under equations of motions, called Green’s basis, as well as the complete reduction formulae from this set to the Warsaw basis.
Global flow structure and exact formal transseries of the Gubser flow in kinetic theory
Authors: Behtash Alireza , Kamata Syo , Martinez Mauricio , Shi Haosheng
Published: July 2020

Abstract

In this work we introduce the generic conditions for the existence of a non-equilibrium attractor that is an invariant manifold determined by the long-wavelength modes of the physical system. We investigate the topological properties of the global flow structure of the Gubser flow for the Israel-Stewart theory and a kinetic model for the Boltzmann equation by employing Morse-Smale theory. We present a complete classification of the invariant submanifolds of the flow and determine all the possible flow lines connecting any pair of UV/IR fixed points. The formal transseries solutions to the Gubser dynamical system around the early-time (UV) and late-time (IR) fixed points are constructed and analyzed. It is proven that these solutions are purely perturbative (or power-law asymptotic) series with a finite radius of convergence. Based on these analyses, we find that Gubser-like expanding kinetic systems do not hydrodynamize owing to the failure of the hydrodynamization process which heavily relies on the classification of (non)hydrodynamic modes in the IR regime. This is in contrast to longitudinal boost-invariant plasmas where the asymptotic dynamics is described by a few terms of the hydrodynamic gradient expansion. We finally compare our results for both Bjorken and Gubser conformal kinetic models.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ deformation of classical Liouville field theory
Authors: Leoni Matias
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We consider the irrelevant flow of classical Liouville field theory driven by the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

operator. After discussing properties of its exact action and equation of motion we construct an infinite set of conserved currents. We also find its vacuum solutions.
Cosmological signatures of superheavy dark matter
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Lu Shiyun , Wang Yi , Zhou Siyi
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We discuss two possible scenarios, namely the curvaton mechanism and the dark matter density modulation, where non-Gaussianity signals of superheavy dark matter produced by gravity can be enhanced and observed. In both scenarios, superheavy dark matter couples to an additional light field as a mediator. In the case of derivative coupling, the resulting non-Gaussianities induced by the light field can be large, which can provide inflationary evidences for these superheavy dark matter scenarios.
Genetic structure of the endemic Papaver occidentale indicates survival and immigration in the Western Prealps
Authors: Pittet Loïc , Fragnière Yann , Grünig Sandra , Bétrisey Sébastien , Clément Benoît , Gerber Emanuel , Ronikier Michał , Kozlowski Gregor , Parisod Christian
Published: July 2020

Climatic oscillations of the Quaternary rapidly compelled plant species to shift their geographical range. How alpine plant species responded to climate change, however, remains elusive and remnants of the cold-adapted flora that currently strive in restricted ranges as small, isolated populations have been particularly overlooked. To address the evolutionary history of such a ‘glacial relict’, we here sampled and genotyped all known native populations of a narrow endemic species from the northwestern Alps, Papaver occidentale, as well as closely related taxa with double digest restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. Spatial patterns of genetic variation across populations coupled with insights from climatic niche modelling through time address underpinings of the long-term persistence of the species in face of climate changes. Evidence from population genetics and ecological modelling indicates that P. occidentale likely persisted through the last glacial maximum outside of the Western Prealps and that a major lineage recolonized the area from lower elevation, external regions. Differentiated lineages at the Northern margins of the species distribution range highlight highly divergent and geographically restricted populations that include considerable share of private markers and may indicate local glacial survival in isolated conditions. Our data thus imply that processes having shaped intraspecific spatial genetic structure within the Alps can be complex and lead to mosaic of populations with a mixed-history of local survival and immigration. A better understanding of spatio-temporal aspects of range contraction–expansion is crucial to shed light on processes underlying the evolution of remnant populations of such endemic species and set conservation priorities considering current climate changes.
Microparticles expressing myeloperoxidase as potential biomarkers in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV)
Authors: Manojlovic M. , Juto A. , Jonasdottir A. , Colic J. , Vojinovic J. , Nordin A. , Bruchfeld A. , Gunnarsson I. , Mobarrez F. , Antovic A.
Published: July 2020

To investigate presence of circulating myeloperoxidase-positive microparticles (MPO+MPs) in relation to disease activity in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Forty-six patients with AAV and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Vasculitis disease activity was assessed using the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). MPs were analyzed in citrate plasma by flow cytometry and phenotyped based on MPO expression and co-expression of pentraxin-3 (PTX3), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). Serum levels of PTX3, sTWEAK, and HMGB1 were also determined. Twenty-three patients had active vasculitis (BVAS ≥ 1). Concentrations of MPO+MPs expressing PTX3, HMGB1, and TWEAK were significantly higher in patients compared to healthy controls (p< 0.001,p< 0.01,p< 0.001, respectively), while concentrations of PTX3+and HMGB1+MPO+MPs were significantly higher in active AAV compared to patients in remission. MPO+MPs expressing either PTX3 or HMGB1 were associated with BVAS (r= 0.5,p< 0.001;r= 0.3,p= 0.04, respectively). Significantly higher serum PTX3 levels were found in active- than in inactive AAV (p< 0.001), correlating strongly with BVAS (r= 0.7,p< 0.001). Serum levels of sTWEAK and HMGB1 did not differ between patients and controls. Concentration of MPO+MPs is increased in plasma from AAV patients compared to healthy individuals. PTX3 in serum as well as PTX3 and HMGB1 expressed on MPO+MPs were associated with disease activity in the investigated patients.

Key messages

Myeloperoxidase-positive microparticles (MPO+MPs) are increased in plasma from patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Concentrations of MPO+MPs expressing PTX3, HMGB1, and TWEAK were significantly higher in patients compared to healthy controls.

MPO+MPs expressing PTX3 and HMGB1 are associated with disease activity in ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Decentralization and mutual liability rules
Authors: Ketelaars Martijn , Borm Peter , Quant Marieke
Published: July 2020

This paper builds on the recent work of Groote Schaarsberg et al. (Math Methods Oper Res 87(3):383–409, 2018) on mutual liability problems. In essence, a mutual liability problem comprises a financial network in which agents may have both monetary individual assets and mutual liabilities. Here, mutual liabilities reflect rightful monetary obligations from past bilateral transactions. To settle these liabilities by reallocating the individual assets, mutual liability rules are analyzed that are based on centralized bilateral transfer schemes which use a certain bankruptcy rule as its leading allocation mechanism. In this paper we derive a new characterization of mutual liability rules by taking a decentralized approach instead, which is based on a recursive individual settlement procedure. We show that for bankruptcy rules that satisfy composition, this decentralized procedure always leads to the same allocation as the one prescribed by the corresponding mutual liability rule based on centralized bilateral transfer schemes. Finally, we introduce a new reduction method for mutual liability problems and prove that any bankruptcy-rule-based mutual liability rule is invariant with respect to such a reduction.
Pulmonary Vasodilator Therapy in Children with Single Ventricle Physiology: Effects on Saturation and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
Authors: Jeremiasen Ida , Tran-Lundmark Karin , Idris Nikmah , Tran Phan-Kiet , Moledina Shahin
Published: July 2020

In children with single ventricle physiology, increased pulmonary vascular resistance may impede surgical progression or result in failing single ventricle physiology. The use of pulmonary vasodilators has been suggested as a potential therapy. However, knowledge on indication, dosage, and effect is limited. A retrospective case notes review of all (n = 36) children with single ventricle physiology, treated with pulmonary vasodilators by the UK Pulmonary Hypertension Service for Children 2004–2017. Therapy was initiated in Stage 1 (n = 12), Glenn (n = 8), or TCPC (n = 16). Treatment indications were high mean pulmonary arterial pressure, cyanosis, reduced exercise tolerance, protein-losing enteropathy, ascites, or plastic bronchitis. Average dose of sildenafil was 2.0 mg/kg/day and bosentan was 3.3 mg/kg/day. 56% had combination therapy. Therapy was associated with a reduction of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 19 to 14 mmHg (n = 17, p < 0.01). Initial therapy with one or two vasodilators was associated with an increase in the mean saturation from 80 to 85%, (n = 16, p < 0.01). Adding a second vasodilator did not give significant additional effect. 5 of 12 patients progressed from Stage 1 to Glenn, Kawashima, or TCPC, and 2 of 8 from Glenn to TCPC during a mean follow-up time of 4.7 years (0–12.8). Bosentan was discontinued in 57% and sildenafil in 14% of treated patients and saturations remained stable. Pulmonary vasodilator therapy was well tolerated and associated with improvements in saturation and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in children with single ventricle physiology. It appears safe to discontinue when no clear benefit is observed.
Quantifying in vivo scaphoid, lunate, and capitate kinematics using four-dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Brinkhorst Michelle , Foumani Mahyar , van Rosmalen Joost , Selles Ruud , Hovius Steven , Strackee Simon , Streekstra Geert
Published: July 2020

Objective

We aimed to establish a quantitative description of motion patterns and establish test-retest reliability of the four-dimensional CT when quantifying in vivo kinematics of the scaphoid, lunate, and capitate.

Materials and methods

We assessed in vivo kinematics of both wrists of 20 healthy volunteers (11 men and 9 women) between the ages of 20 and 40 years. All volunteers performed active flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation with both wrists. To test for reliability, one motion cycle was rescanned for both wrists approximately 15 min after the first scan. The coefficient of multiple correlation was used to analyze reliability. When two motion patterns are similar, the coefficient of multiple correlation tends towards 1, whereas in dissimilar motion patterns, it tends towards 0. The root mean square deviation was used to analyze the total motion patterns variability between the two scans.

Results

Overall, mean or median coefficient of multiple correlations were higher than 0.86. The root mean square deviations were low and ranged from 1.17° to 4.29°.

Conclusion

This innovative non-invasive imaging technique can reliably describe in vivo carpal kinematics of uninjured wrists in healthy individuals. It provides us with a better understanding and reference values of carpal kinematics of the scaphoid, lunate, and capitate.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT targeted biopsy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer compared with transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy: a prospective randomized single-centre study
Authors: Zhang Le-Le , Li Wen-Cheng , Xu Zheng , Jiang Nan , Zang Shi-Ming , Xu Lu-Wei , Huang Wen-Bing , Wang Feng , Sun Hong-Bin
Published: July 2020

Purpose

68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is valuable for detecting primary and recurrent prostatic lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT as a triage tool for prostate biopsy (PSMA-TB) and compare with transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS-GB) for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Methods

This single-centre study randomly allocated 120 patients with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (> 4 ng/ml) to PSMA-PET or TRUS group. Patients with PSMA-avid lesions (SUVmax ≥ 8.0) underwent PSMA-TB via a single-puncture percutaneous transgluteal approach (n = 25), whilst patients with negative PSMA-PET underwent systematic TRUS-GB (n = 35). All patients in the TRUS group underwent TRUS-GB directly (n = 60).

Results

PCa and csPCa were detected in 26/60 (43.3%) and 24/60 (40.0%) patients in the PSMA-PET group and 19/60 (31.6%) and 15/60 (25.0%) in the TRUS group, respectively. In the PSMA-PET group, the detection rate of PCa and csPCa were significantly higher in PSMA-PET-positive than negative patients (PCa, 23/25 (92.0%) vs 3/35 (8.6%), P < 0.01; csPCa, 22/25 (88.0%) vs 2/35 (5.7%), P < 0.01). PSMA-TB detected significantly more PCa and csPCa than TRUS-GB in the TRUS controls (PCa, 21/25 (84.0%) vs 19/60 (31.6%), P < 0.01; csPCa, 20/25 (80.0%) vs 15/60 (25.0%), P < 0.01). PSMA-PET detected significantly more cases of csPCa amongst patients with PSA 4.0–20.0 ng/ml than TRUS (27.02% vs 8.82%, P < 0.05). No haematuria, urinary retention or pelvic infection was observed after PSMA-TB compare with TRUS-GB.

Conclusions

68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT is a feasible imaging technique that may serve as a triage tool for prostate biopsy, and may improve the detection rate of csPCa compared with TRUS-GB, especially in patients with serum PSA 4.0–20.0 ng/ml.