bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINC1521 and miR-3679-5p modulate cellular response to chemical stress in breast cancer patients through regulation of XBP1 expression as a potential diagnostic biomarker
Authors: Shirdeli Sayedeh Zahra , Hashemi Seyedeh Aramdokht , hashemi Ghazaleh sadat , khalilian Leyli , Ferdowsian Shaghayegh , Mostaghimi Yasaman , Rezaei Mohammad , Azadeh Mansoureh
Published: August 2023

Background
The majority of breast cancer (BC) patients die of metastasis rather than primary tumors, whereas the molecular mechanisms orchestrating cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been shown to regulate cancer occurrence and progression. However, the lncRNAs that drive metastasis in cancer patients and their underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, expression, interaction, and related pathways of XBP1 and a novel regulatory non-coding RNA, LINC01521 is evaluated in BC patients.
Methods
Microarray data analysis was performed using R Studio (4.1.2). GSE71052 was used in this study. miRNA interaction analysis carried out using miRWalk. lncRNA-mRNA interaction analysis was conducted using lncRRIsearch. Expression and survival analysis was performed by GEPIA2. Illustration of interaction analyses was performed by cytoscape. The qRT-PCR experiment was performed for the validation of expression results.
Results
XBP1 (logFC:, p-value: ) and LINC01521 (logFC:, p-value: ) have significant up-regulation in BC and could be the two potential diagnostic biomarker of BC. Up-regulation of XBP1 observed in bioinformatics analyses and supported by experimental results in this study. XBP1 regulates the function of HMOX1 in cellular response to chemical stress signaling pathway. miR-3679-5p suppresses the expression level of XBP1 (energy: -30.5, score: 1, position: 3’UTR). XBP1 also involved in Response To Interleukin-4 (GO:0070670) and Positive Regulation Of B Cell Differentiation (GO:0045579) biological processes.
Conclusion
miR-3679-5p as a novel miRNA and LINC01521 as a potential oncogene and diagnostic biomarker might modulate cellular response to chemical stress signaling pathway in BC patients through regulation of XBP1, a BC oncogene.
Content, Composition, and Biosynthesis of Anthocyanin in Fragaria Species: A Review
Authors: Cai Chaonan , Shen Jincheng , Chen Luxi , Li Junmin
Published: August 2023

Anthocyanins are responsible for fruit coloration and are beneficial to human health. The fruits of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) varieties are colorful, a trait that attracts consumers. The fruits of wild Fragaria species, close relatives of the cultivated strawberry, vary in color. In this review, we describe the content and composition of anthocyanins in cultivated and wild strawberry varieties. We also explore the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins, including their transcriptional regulation mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the effect of environmental factors on anthocyanin accumulation. This review will inform further studies toward developing anthocyanin-rich strawberries via environmental control and exogenous application of compounds.
Planting Density Does Not Affect Root Shape Traits Associated with Market Class in Carrot
Authors: Vega Andrey , Goldman Irwin
Published: August 2023

Carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus) cultivars with common root shape, appearance, and end-use are grouped and commercialized in market classes. The shape of the carrot storage root is the result of growth and development, which is highly influenced by genotype; however, the extent to which planting density affects root shape traits and its interaction with genotype remains unexplored. To observe the effects of market class and density on carrot root shape characteristics, five cultivars classified in five different market classes, including Imperator, Nantes, Danvers, Chantenay, and Ball, were each grown at five planting densities ranging from 0.5 million to 4.5 million plants/ha. A generalized complete block design with a two-way factorial treatment arrangement of the two factors, density and genotype, was used in three environments. Roots were phenotyped using a digital imaging pipeline and scored for root size (length, maximum width) and compound root shape traits including traits derived from the principal component analysis of root contour profiles like root fill and tip and shoulder curvature. The results suggest that planting density had minimal impact on the shape of carrot roots, and the expected shape for each market class was maintained regardless of planting density; however, the analysis was constrained by the presence of interactions among genotype, density, and environment, which influence the contribution of main effects to shape. For the Nantes, Danvers, Chantenay, and Imperator market classes, planting density influenced the size of the carrot root, with size decreasing by up to 50% in length and width at high planting densities. We found high estimates of broad-sense heritability for traits that determine the shape of the carrot root, such as root fill and length-to-width ratio, which capture size-independent variation of the storage root. Although environmental signals play a role, our results suggested that the shape of the carrot root is primarily determined by genotype, and that planting density generally does not have a significant effect on its shape.
Long-term CO2 Enrichment Increases Biomass but Results in Rapid Physiological Acclimation of Petunia and Pansy
Authors: McKinney David W. , Craver Joshua K.
Published: August 2023

Although crops often respond immediately to enriched CO2 concentrations (e.g., increased photosynthesis), this initial response is often not sustained throughout production, thus reducing the benefit of this input. For horticulture species, the timing and extent of these acclimation responses are still widely uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine species-specific acclimation responses to elevated CO2 concentrations for pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana ‘Matrix Blue Blotch Improved’) and petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Dreams Midnight’). Seedlings were transplanted to 11.5-cm pots and placed in growth chambers with air temperature, relative humidity, and radiation intensity setpoints of 21 °C, 55%, and 250 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1, respectively. Carbon dioxide treatments were established using the two growth chambers with setpoints of either 400 (ambient) or 1000 μmol⋅mol−1 (elevated) maintained during a 16-hour photoperiod. In addition to data collected through destructive harvest, the rate of photosynthesis (A) in response to increasing internal leaf CO2 concentration (A-Ci) and at the operating CO2 concentration (A-Ca) were measured weekly with a portable leaf photosynthesis system at saturating [A-Ci (1000 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1)] or production [A-Ca (250 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1)] radiation intensities. For both pansy and petunia, elevated CO2 produced greater total shoot dry mass than ambient CO2 after 4 weeks. However, the decreased maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport, maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylase, and triose phosphate utilization rate of both species were also observed under elevated CO2. Similarly, A measured at 400 and 1000 μmol⋅mol−1 was reduced for both pansy and petunia grown under the elevated compared with ambient CO2 concentration based on A-Ca responses after 7 days, indicating quick physiological acclimation to this input. These results provide information regarding the timing and extent of physiological acclimation in response to elevated CO2 concentrations. However, because of physiological acclimation potentially occurring within 7 days of treatment initiation, additional research is necessary to develop species-specific recommendations for controlled environment production.
Mediating role of work stressors between auditor knowledge-sharing activities and job satisfaction in Indonesian small audit firms
Authors: Subhan Muhammad , Suyanto Suyanto
Published: August 2023

Audit businesses encourage their auditors to conduct remote audits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, auditors from small audit firms exchange their skills, viewpoints, and experiences through internet forums. The purpose of this study is to investigate how auditors’ knowledge-sharing activities through a social media community based on the reciprocity standard can prevent stress caused by work stressors, which affect their job satisfaction. The relationship between knowledge-sharing activities, work stressors, and job satisfaction was examined using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method. This survey includes 151 auditors from 27 Indonesian small audit firms. The findings revealed that active involvement in knowledge sharing activities through social media groups boosts auditor motivation by raising good feelings when confronted with work conflict (β = 0.334, p < 0.001) and lowering negative emotions when confronted with work ambiguity (β = –0.407, p < 0.001) and work overload (β = –0.372, p < 0.001). However, only minimizing the negative feelings of work ambiguity (β = –0.331, p < 0.001) and work overload (β = –0.277, p < 0.001) can improve job satisfaction. Furthermore, work ambiguity (β = 0.135, p < 0.001) and overload (β = 0.103, p < 0.01) totally mediate the association between knowledge–sharing activities and auditor job satisfaction. Auditors set the norm for social media reciprocity by sharing their knowledge and expertise with others. As a result, the auditor can reduce negative emotions when facing hindrance stressors, thereby increasing job satisfaction.
AcknowledgmentThis research was sponsored by Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP).
A justificação prévia nas tutelas de urgência – Uma forma de consagração dos direitos da personalidade no direito das famílias, uma análise da jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná
Authors: Centurião Luís Fernando , Negri Soares Marcelo
Published: August 2023

Busca-se analisar a utilização da justificação prévia prevista no §2º do artigo 300 do CPC/2015, como forma de dirimir dúvidas que possam ser solvidas com a apresentação de prova complementar, garantindo condições para uma melhor análise pelo magistrado ao pedido de antecipação de tutela apresentado pelo autor da demanda, baseando-se na proteção aos direitos da personalidade junto ao direito das famílias. O estudo se dará por meio de revisão bibliográfica e jurisprudencial que evidenciará a utilização do expediente processual estudado como forma de elucidar dúvidas razoáveis do magistrado com relação à probabilidade do direito e o perigo de dano ou o risco ao resultado útil do processo, requisitos expressos no caput do artigo 300 do CPC e que necessitam estar presentes para que se conceda a antecipação de tutela pleiteada. Demonstra-se que o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná vale-se da audiência de justificação prévia, como ferramenta de efetivação dos meios alternativos de resolução de conflitos consagrados no artigo 3º, §3º do CPC, possibilitando assim a obtenção da solução integral do mérito, incluída a atividade satisfativa no prazo razoável, nos termos do artigo 4º do CPC, uma vez ser possível a conciliação das partes em audiência. Por fim, pretende-se demonstrar que o instituto possibilita ao magistrado condições de proferir decisões em sede de antecipação de tutela de forma mais precisa e humana, lançando proteção aos direitos da personalidade das partes.
Da expectativa de uma ágora virtual a um panóptico digital: Disrupções políticas e democráticas da era da quantificação
Authors: Cruz de Castro João Vitor , Leitão Adeodato João Maurício
Published: August 2023

A pesquisa originária deste artigo teve por objetivo explorar os principais fatores das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação causadores das disrupções institucionais hodiernamente verificadas, sobretudo respeitantes aos pilares da democracia e ao instituto do controle estatal. Em outros dizeres, tentou-se compreender o trajeto tomado pela tecnologia digital para provocar a aparente disrupção institucional, aparentemente capaz de corromper e de superar o próprio poder estatal. Para tanto, partiu-se do pressuposto de que as novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação têm potencial benéfico, bastantes para perfazerem o ideal de uma “ágora virtual”, mas foram pervertidos por interesses econômicos e políticos de uma “economia de dados” guiada pelo “algoritarismo”, resultando em um aparente “panóptico digital”. Assim, investigou-se a evolução das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação desde o surgimento da internet até a fase atual, apelidada de “web 3.0”/“era da quantificação”. Ainda, concluiu-se que as expectativas democraticamente benéficas de um ambiente virtual generalizado não se confirmaram, posto que os fatores deletérios desse ambiente as superaram e passaram a comprometer o próprio instituto estatal do controle e a autoridade das instituições do Estado. No mais, registra-se que se tratou de pesquisa de naturezas exploratória e descritiva, valendo-se do método observatório-indutivo, mediante procedimento técnico bibliográfico, feito por meio de coletas de dados, vale dizer, mediante uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura pertinente.
A Participação Amazônica na economia do mar do Brasil uma análise das atividades relacionadas a Portos e Defesa
Authors: Santos Thauan , de Souza Fontes Arthur César
Published: August 2023

O conceito de Economia do Mar é abrangente e envolve diversas atividades econômicas afetas ao mar, como pesca, portos e defesa. Os estudos realizados sobre a Economia do Mar concentram-se majoritariamente no ambiente marítimo. Porém, no Brasil, as hidrovias desenvolvem atividades econômicas semelhantes àquelas do ambiente marítimo e também agregam valor à economia do país. Dentre as hidrovias brasileiras, destacam-se as da região amazônica, por serem as mais extensas e possuírem portos bem estruturados. Assim, este trabalho objetiva destacar a importância desse modal de transporte para o Brasil, ampliando a percepção de Economia do Mar. A abordagem quali-quantitativa analisa duas atividades econômicas: “portos”, em termos de movimentação de cargas, e “defesa”, focada na estrutura e atividades da Marinha do Brasil (MB) nas hidrovias amazônicas. As atividades de pesca, transporte de passageiros e turismo também são exploradas, ainda que não sejam o foco desta pesquisa. Após a análise, verifica- se que os portos das hidrovias amazônicas são relevantes, porque movimentam mais cargas do que alguns portos litorâneos de outras regiões. Ademais, observa-se que a MB está estruturada de modo a possibilitar a execução de tarefas importantes para a região, o que a torna relevante para o cômputo da economia do Brasil.
Ameaças assimétricas no Atlântico Sul desafios para as forças armadas e para a base industrial de defesa brasileira
Authors: Aguilera Negrete Ana Carolina , do Couto Pereira Raphael
Published: August 2023

Este artigo analisa os impactos de conflitos irregulares conduzidos por ameaças difusas no Atlântico Sul, tanto para as Forças Armadas Brasileiras quanto para o desenvolvimento da capacidade produtiva e tecnológica da Base Industrial de Defesa (BID). O referencial teórico utilizado é a abordagem política da guerra de Clausewitz e a abordagem econômica que relaciona indústria de defesa e política industrial à luz da teoria evolucionária neoschumpeteriana. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise descritiva, algumas questões serão investigadas: (1) Como estas ameaças se relacionam com a “grande estratégia” brasileira?; (2) Como a defesa nacional está preparada para enfrentar essas ameaças e quais as vulnerabilidades brasileiras frente a elas?; (3) Como os programas estratégicos das Forças se apresentam como importantes elos para a defesa nacional enfrenta-las?; e (4) Que medidas de políticas públicas poderiam ser elaboradas para incrementar a BID brasileira? Algumas conclusões observadas: importar essas ameaças é aceitar a falha da estruturação do tripé da “grande estratégia”; a correta condução desses programas estratégicos, bem como, o alinhamento de políticas para o combate às ameaças difusas no Atlântico Sul, impactam decisivamente o desenvolvimento nacional; e a forte relação de dependência entre as empresas da BID e o cliente militar para o desenvolvimento de inovações.
Great power rivalry and regional integration in the Indian Ocean rim strategic dimension and power disputes in the post-cold war era
Authors: Thudium Guilherme
Published: August 2023

This article offers an examination of the main trends pointing to the intensification of interstate power disputes in the Indian Ocean Region (ROI), a space of growing interest in the strategic concert of the 21 st century. In this perspective, we will seek to analyze the strategic importance of this space, as well as the existing regional dynamics of security, competition, and regional integration. The central hypothesis suggests that the growing relevance acquired by the region in the global scenario has given rise to a "clash of powers", with the United States, India, and China as the main actors involved. The research also sought to contextualize the increased interest in the region with official guidelines recently adopted by relatively new actors such as Germany.
Assessment of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories in River Waters of Northeastern of Brazil: Occurrence and Environmental Risk
Authors: Fonseca Naldirene , Sousa Érika , Pinheiro Jeiza , Silva Lanna , Nascimento Hélio , Nascimento Ronaldo , Silva Gilmar , Rangel José
Published: August 2023

The environmental impact of pharmaceuticals is a significant concern, as understanding their presence, spread, and harm in coastal regions remains limited. The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, mefenamic acid (MFN), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX) were studied in river waters. Four sample collections were carried out in five points in the dry and rainy seasons. Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography using diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were applied to quantify the presence of MFN, DCF and NPX in river water samples. DCF had the highest concentration (640 ng L-1), followed by NPX (410 ng L-1). MFN was not detected in any point within the used working range (limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 µg L-1). Additionally, an assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the pharmaceuticals detected in freshwater, specifically in various organisms including algae, mollusks, amphibians, fish, and cnidarians, spanning different trophic levels. The ecotoxicological assessment showed risks ranging from low to high, indicating deleterious effects on several exposed species. No high environmental risk was detected in the sampling areas. Although no immediate negative effects were detected, the potential impact on non-target species should not be disregarded.
Internal Audit of Universities in Modern Conditions Based on the Agile Method Using Remote Technologies
Authors: Sokolovskaya Marina , Loginova Irina , Buyankina Rimma
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the application of agile audit during the pandemic using remote technologies. The purpose of the article is to apply new methodology to internal audit in an organization in the changing conditions caused by the pandemic period. The authors consider the concept and principles of conducting agile audit, functional relationships arising during the agile audit, and the possibility of using remote technologies. The agile method and remote technologies are used as an answer to the modern challenges of the pandemic. A mixed method of conducting internal audit using the agile methodology and remote technologies is proposed. Based on this methodology and experience in conducting internal audits, the authors develop a functional approach to the agile audit with elements of remote technologies as an option in changing conditions. The research has practical application in improving the processes and activities of organizations in the field of education.
Reflective Practice and Factors Affecting it: Perceptions of Pediatric Surgery Residents
Authors: Naumeri Fatima
Published: August 2023

Background: There is scarcity of literature about factors affecting reflective practices in local context. By focusing on these factors, we can help promote engagement in reflective practices in our culture. Objective of this study was to explore the barriers to and facilitators of reflective practice by post graduate surgical residents. Methods: Using action research study design, qualitative research was conducted in the department of Pediatric Surgery, Mayo Hospital to explore different factors affecting reflective practice in postgraduate surgical residents in their daily practice. A workshop on reflective practices was conducted, followed by weekly morbidity/mortality meetings and case-based discussions deliberating using Gibbs' reflective cycle. After a year, focus group discussion using a heterogenous group of nine residents was conducted to explore the factors affecting reflective practice. It was transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: Reflective practice was perceived to improve critical appraisal, deeper learning, self-monitoring, and patients' outcomes. There was resistance towards reflective writing. Themes related to factors affecting reflective practice were organization, time allocation, communication, workplace environment, interpersonal relations, guided reflection, and feedback. Involvement of multiple disciplines in 'reflection before action' was identified for future implementation. Conclusion: Provision of guided reflection and constructive feedback were the main facilitators of reflective practice. Generally, improving organization, workplace environment, interpersonal relations, and accommodating individual learning styles can enhance reflective practice in our context, and help developing habit of lifelong learning.
Incidence of COVID-19 Infection in Nurses and their Families: A Prospective Cohort Study in Lahore
Authors: Manzoor Iram , Hameed Aqsa , Khan Momal , Khan Allah Yar , Ayub Amna
Published: August 2023

Background: Nurses, as frontline workers, are at a higher risk of contracting COVID19 and serve as a potential source of transmitting this infection to their family members. Estimating risk in this population is critical for controlling the rate of secondary attack rate among their families. Objective: To measure the incidence of COVID-19 in nurses and their families with associated risk factors for transmission of infection. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental college, Lahore and associated three hospitals. A cohort of 176 nurses was identified in March 2020 by using non-probability convenience sampling technique and was followed till September 2021. During this tenure of one and a half year, incidence was observed by following the cohort and using a self-structured questionnaire. With SPSS 23, Chi square test was applied and p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In a cohort of 176 nurses, followed for one and a half year, incidence of COVID-19 was 37(21%). Secondary attack rate among household members of these nurses was 3%. A significant association was observed between the nursing staff and exposure to their family members (p = 0.002). Vaccination rate in nurses at the start of the study was only 26%. Nurses who worked directly with COVID-19 patients reported high incidence (p = 0.009). Nurses who used Personal protective equipment (PPE) were less affected (p = 0.003). Nurses with comorbidities showed higher incidence (p =0.02). Rate of psychological distress was high (p =0.007). Conclusion: Incidence of COVID-19 among nurses was 21% with secondary attack rate of 3% in families. Protective use of N 95 mask and comorbidities were associated with incidence.
Maternal Hypothyroidism Influences the Weight of Brain and Impairs the Migration of Neurons Inside the Hippocampus of Neonatal Rat
Authors: Hidayat Mariyah , Rana Khayyam Arif , Kaukab Nabila
Published: August 2023

Objective: To histologically observe the effects of hypothyroidism on the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Methods: A total of 10 healthy female Wistar rats, between 12-16 weeks old, were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group A was labelled as control and Group B was made hypothyroid by giving 15mg/kg of Propylthiouracyl (PTU) daily mixed in chow. The treatment was continued for a week before they were allowed to mate and conceive, and it was not interrupted throughout pregnancy and delivery until 21st day of lactation. On the 22nd day, 10 pups from each of the two groups were euthanized; 3cc of blood was drawn out from the heart immediately and the brains were scooped out, weighed, fixed in formalin after slicing out the cerebrum along with hippocampus, processed and stained to observe the arrangement and count and number of pyramidal neurons of CA3 region of hippocampus. Results: There was a significant decrease in the brain weights of group B pups (1.21 ± 0.21mg) when compared to the control group A (1.42 ± 0.01mg). The thyroxine (T4) level from the experimental group B was significantly decreased (27.7 ±1.2 ng/dl) compared to control (32.1 ± 0.9 ng/dl). Moreover, the serum
levels of TSH were significantly higher in group B (21 ± 3.7ng/dl) as compared to group A (15 ± 2.4 ng/dl). The number of pyramidal cell count in group B was significantly decreased (39 ± 1.24 per unit area) as compared to group A (44 ± 2.49 per unit area). Conclusion: Maternal hypothyroidism not only exerts its' influence on the arrangement of Pyramidal neurons of CA3 area of hippocampus, but it also decreases their count. Overall, it effects the weight of the brain and significantly raises the levels of TSH in the neonates.
Risk Factors for Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography(ERCP) Pancreatitis (PEP) and Efficacy of Octreotide in its Prevention
Authors: Aleem Abdul , Sarwar Shahid , Mahmud Yasir
Published: August 2023

Background: Pancreatitis is a potentially fatal complication of ERCP, seen in 5-15% procedures. Factors precipitating its risk and effective pharmacological intervention for its prevention need exploration to improve patient safety. Objective: To identify risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and to determine efficacy of intravenous octreotide in preventing PEP. Methodology: A quasi-experimental triple blind placebo-based study included patients undergoing ERCP and randomize them in two groups through simple random sampling. Group A to receive intravenous Octreotide 4μg/kg before attempting cannulation during ERCP and 1cc N/S as placebo for group B. Patients were followed for PEP and data were analyzed using chi square (x2) and logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 203 included patients, 101 (49.3%) received octreotide while 102 (50.7%) were in control group. Post ERCP pancreatitis developed in 32 (15.8%) patients, in 8 (7.9%) patients of octreotide group while in 24 (23.8%) patients of control group (p value 0.002 with odds ratio (OR) for octreotide of 0.33 (95% CI 0.15- 0.71). We identified biliary surgery (p value 0.005), serum bilirubin ≥ 3 mg/dl (p value 0.03), cannulation
time > 5 minutes (p value 5 minutes, use of needle knife, PD cannulation and procedure time > 30 minutes are associated with increased risk of PEP. Intravenous octreotide before cannulation reduces risk of post ERCP pancreatitis.
Relationship between Secondary Trauma Self-Efficacy, Secondary Trauma and Job Burnout among Doctors Dealing with COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kiran Wajiha , -Ain Nuzhat-ul
Published: August 2023

Background: The global pandemic of coronavirus became a profound threat to the physical and mental health of people worldwide. Healthcare workers especially doctors on the frontline experience critical and traumatic situations on regular basis. Doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients become more vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress and burnout due to persistent exposure to stressful situations.
Objective: To examine the relationship between secondary trauma self-efficacy, job burnout and secondary trauma in doctors who are involved in treating people infected with COVID-19. Method: The study was conducted by using cross-sectional research design. The sample consisted of 78 doctors who were working as frontline workers in dealing with COVID-19 patients. Online google form was
devised to collect data from the participants by employing convenient sampling technique. The google form comprised of demographic questionnaire and two scales i.e., Secondary Trauma Self-Efficacy scale and Compassion Fatigue scale. Two primary hypotheses were formulated i.e., there would likely be a negative relationship between secondary trauma self-efficacy and compassion fatigue in doctors dealing with coronavirus patients and secondary trauma self-efficacy would likely predict secondary trauma and job burnout in doctors dealing with coronavirus patients. The hypotheses were tested through SPSS software by conducting Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there was significant negative relationship between Secondary Trauma Self- Efficacy and Compassion Fatigue (r= -0.54, p
Topical Bimatoprost (0.03%) Versus Topical Mometasone Furoate (0.1%) in Treatment of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Iram Ayasha , Tahir Raheel , Akhtar Aliya , Mariam Madiha , Zafar Zahra
Published: August 2023

Background: Alopecia areata is a prevalent, immune-mediated disease that targets anagen hair follicles in gentically predisposed individuals. Their are various treatment modalities of different Ecco Ay and safety for treatment of this chronic ailment. Bimatoprost, a prostamide analog have been recognised with the potential of increased hair growth and can be used as an alternative treatment option.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.03% with mometasone furoate 0.1%in the treatment of AA involving eyebrows, scalp and beard.
Methods: This was a randomized single-blinded clinical trial done in the Dermatology Outpatient Department of Nishtar Hospital Multan (NHM). The duration of the study was from August 2020 to March 2021. 60 patients with patchy AA having upto 5 patches with a maximum diameter of 5cm in longest dimension involving eyebrows, scalp and beard were included in the study and were randomly assigned to either Group A (topical bimatoprost 0.03% solution twice daily) or Group B (topical mometasone furoate 0.1% cream once daily) for a period of 3 months. Patients were called for assessment monthly (every 4 weeks) and clinical photographs
of the site of treatment were taken. Response to the treatment was assessed clinically by subjective improvement of hair growth at the site of hair loss by two physicians as no, mild, moderate and good hair regrowth depending on the percentage of hair re-growth. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.
Results: At the end of 3 months of treatment, 29 out of 30 (97%) patients of Group B responded to the treatment, while 24 out of 30 (80%) Group A patients responded to the treatment. The response to both treatments was found statistically significant and the p-value was 0.000. Group B treated patients were better in their percentage of hair re-growth, speed of recovery, patient satisfaction and were devoid of any documented side effects.
Conclusion: Bimatoprost 0.03% solution (topical), owing to its safety and efficacy represent a better therapeutic option for the treatment of AA involving eyebrows, scalp and beard.
Analysis of Reported Dog Bite Data in Government Hospitals of Various Districts in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Zareen Shagufta , Ahmad Waqas , Younus Muhammad , Mursalin Syed Muhammad , Asif Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad Ahsan , Kamran Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Background: Rabies is a neglected and underestimated national public health issue in Pakistan. Freeroaming dogs are the principal reservoir and also potentially cause thousands of dog bite injuries in different age groups of people. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the burden and frequency distribution of total dog bite injuries in Punjab. The comparison of total dog bite injuries between 2019 and 2020 were made to understand whether there is significant difference in total number of dog bite injuries in 2019 and 2020. Methods: Total dog bite data from public sector hospitals of Punjab province were collected for the time period between January 2019 to December 2020 with the help of District Health Information System (DHIS) which is a comprehensively designed digital program. Descriptive measures and the graphical representation were used to describe and interpret the said data. A non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney test) was used to compare the median number of dog bite injuries in 2019 to 2020. Results: Results show that more than 0.2 million number of dog bite injuries have been recorded in 2019 and 2020. The medium number of the dog bite injuries in 2019 and 2020 were statistically significant, having pvalue
Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Children and Young Adults: Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Bakr Attique Abou , Sarwar Shahid , Aslam Naeem , Ghias Mamoona , Mehfooz Imran
Published: August 2023

Background: Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir has a high efficacy in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C infection .In this study, we reported treatment outcome with this drug in children and younger adults in Pakistani population.
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir in treating HCV-infected children and young adults.
Methods: This Interventional(Clinical trial) was done in Hepatitis clinic Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from April 10, 2021 to January 9, 2022.A total of 45 patients aged 6 to 18 years with detectable HCV RNA by PCR were registered. They were evaluated clinically. HCV genotyping was not done as Sofosbuvir – Velpatasvir is pangenotypic. All of the patients were given a single oral dose of Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir per day. Ribavirin was included for patients with compensated cirrhosis and for those who were treatment-experienced .Clinical assessment, CBC, LFT, RFT, and PT were performed monthly to determine side effects and safety. To evaluate treatment efficacy, HCV RNA was measured by PCR at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 12 weeks post-treatment (sustained virological response). Treatment lasted for 24weeks for those with compensated cirrhosis. (Child Turcotte Pugh score 5 and 6; Child class A) or those who were treatment experienced. SPSS 24 was used for data analysis.
Results: Non cirrhotic patients had a mean age of 13.6±1.45 years, while those with compensated cirrhosis had 14.1±2.15 years. There were 63.6% males (28) and 36.4% female (17). 41 patients (91.11%) had undetectable HCV RNA by PCR ,12 weeks after treatment (Sustained virological response), indicating treatment effectiveness. Nine patients had HBV co-infection and took HBV medications as well during HCV treatment. At 12 weeks post-treatment, all HBV-coinfected patients had undetectable HCV RNA by PCR and lower HBV titers. Some of the patients experience minor side effects. However, none of the patients stopped their treatment due to these side effects Thus, this treatment was safe and effective.
Conclusion: Sofosbuvir/ velpatasvir has effectiveness and safety in treating HCV in children and young adults.
Mapping regional and nested flow systems in the karst aquifers of Jinan spring using hydrochemical and isotope data
Authors: Deng Xing , Xing Liting , Zhang Fengjuan , Xing Xuerui , Zhang Yunfeng , Yu Miao , Liu Suozhu , Pan Weiyan
Published: August 2023

This study enhances the understanding of the evolution of water transport in karst water flow systems. This paper explores the karst water flow system from a hydrogeochemical perspective. It has been discovered that in the recharge area, the hydrochemical effect of karst water is primarily influenced by dissolution and filtration. In the fault zone and concentrated discharge area, it is primarily influenced by mixing. In the geothermal area, the dominant factors are dissolution, precipitation, and dolomitization. From the southern to the northern area, the hydrochemical type of karst water gradually changes from HCO3-Ca type to SO4·Cl-Ca·Na type. Atmospheric precipitation is the primary recharge source of karst water, with a recharge elevation range of 181–1,495 m. According to geological drilling statistics, the groundwater transport depth transits from the shallow transport in the south to the deep transport in the north, with a depth range of 3,000–3,500 m, and using isotope data to obtain the groundwater retention time range is 6–27,000 years. The groundwater transport mode is divided into three levels: open-shallow transport karst cold water phreatic flow, semi-open-medium-deep transport karst cold water confined flow, and weak open-deep transport geothermal water confined water flow.
Retracted: The application of nanoparticles on the yield and nutritional quality of rice under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Zarei Mehrnaz , Fallah Hormoz , Niknejad Yosoof , Tari Davood Barari
Published: August 2023

The amino acid profile in rice serves as an indicator of its nutritional worth, playing a significant role in evaluating its overall nutritional quality. However, there has been limited research on how nanoparticles (NPs) and various irrigation regimes affect the nutritional value and overall quality of rice. In the present study, the effects of different irrigation regimes and foliar spray of NPs on the yield, nutrient concentration, and amino acid profile of milled rice in two rice cultivars were evaluated. The results showed that the Shirodi cultivar had a higher yield and nutrients compared to the Hashemi cultivar. Reducing irrigation significantly lowered the grain yield, nutrient elements, and some amino acids (asparagine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, histidine, and arginine) in milled rice while increasing other amino acids. However, NPs treatments, especially ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatment, increased grain yield and amino acids in milled rice. Regarding mineral nutrients, SiO2NPs and ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatments decreased mineral nutrients in milled rice, while ZnONPs treatment increased Ca, Fe, Mg, and N and decreased the content of other elements in milled rice. Therefore, our findings showed that SiO2NPs and ZnONPs are promising NPs that can improve the yield and nutritional quality of milled rice, especially in water-deficient conditions.
Percepções de bibliotecários sobre indexação e políticas de indexação
Authors: Klann Adriana , Brocchetto Ramos Flávia
Published: August 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar percepções que bibliotecários entrevistados manifestaram acerca do processo de indexação na biblioteca em que atuam e da importância de formalizar uma política de indexação em bibliotecas. Assim, apresenta considerações de autores da Biblioteconomia e da Ciência da Informação sobre o processo de indexação e as funções e finalidades da política de indexação em bibliotecas, e, na sequência, um estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualiquantitativa de dados obtidos por meio de entrevistas realizadas com 23 bibliotecários atuantes em bibliotecas escolares, públicas e universitárias no Brasil, em outubro de 2020, o qual evidenciou que, acerca do processo de indexação, os bibliotecários entrevistados consideram as necessidades de revocação e precisão dos usuários das bibliotecas em que atuam, e, também, a composição do acervo da biblioteca no que tange às suas áreas do conhecimento e à variedade de seus tipos documentais, mas mais da metade deles não têm suas decisões balizadas em uma política de indexação, o que inviabiliza a consistência nos níveis de exaustividade e especificidade e na linguagem utilizados no catálogo. Porém, ainda que a construção de uma política de indexação não prevaleça nas suas rotinas, visto que apenas 39,1% afirmaram ter uma política de indexação formalizada, um de uma biblioteca escolar, um de uma biblioteca pública e sete de bibliotecas universitárias, a exposição de suas percepções fornece detalhes de como ocorre o processo de indexação nesses tipos de bibliotecas, o que pode ser útil a profissionais que desejem construir diretrizes de indexação em bibliotecas.
Modelo de base teórica para criação de jogo digital pensado para o desenvolvimento infantil
Authors: Danielli Françoise , Freitas Kamyla Thais Dias de , Cardoso Fernando Luiz
Published: August 2023

O uso de jogos digitais como possibilidade de potencializar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem na infância surge como estratégia intencional para aprendizagem de conteúdos específicos. Todavia, jogos digitais sérios que contemplem o desenvolvimento motor, a cognição e a cooperação são pouco viabilizados. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um modelo teórico desenvolvido para a criação de um jogo digital educativo que busca potencializar aspectos do desenvolvimento infantil, em crianças de 9 a 10 anos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de abordagem qualitativa, com objetivos do tipo exploratório descritivo. Como resultado, foi apresentado um modelo que considera aspectos da aprendizagem cognitiva, aspectos motores e aspectos psicossociais. A proposta apresentada buscou utilizar o potencial de aprendizado dos jogos digitais em conjunto com teorias do desenvolvimento humano. Ressalta-se que essa é uma sugestão de aplicação de algumas abordagens teóricas e que o modelo apresentado necessita de uma testagem empírica.
Expression and Regulatory Roles of Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 4 in
Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pourghasem Navid , Ghorbanzadeh Shadi , Nejatizadeh Azim
Published: August 2023

Aims:

The role of SNHG4 in the initiation and development of gastric cancer.

Background:

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Studies have
shown that lncRNAs have a regulatory function in human diseases, particularly cancers. Small nuclear
RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4) has been known as an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)
in various cancers, and its dysregulation can lead to tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Objective:

Alteration of SNHG4 expression in gastric cancer and its correlation with clinical features
of patients with stomach cancer; also, the accomplishment of bioinformatic analysis to find
the potential pathways which could be impressed by changes in SNHG4 RNA expression.

Methods:

The present study aims to determine the molecular mechanism of SNHG4 and the effects
of its expression on the development of GC. Based on the bioinformatics investigations, we studied
gene expression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival, Gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway enrichment,
microRNA targets, transcription factor targets, and proteins interacting with SNHG4. During
the experimental phase, SNHG4 expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR)
in 40 paired gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and normal neighboring tissues. Also, we investigated
the correlation between SNHG4 expression and patients' clinicopathological characteristics.

Results:

Increased SNHG4 expression was detected in GC tissues, which is significantly associated
with the TNM stage, grade group, tumor size, and metastatic status. Evaluation survival analysis
demonstrated that overexpression of SNHG4 in GC tissues is remarkably related to poor overall
survival (OS). SNHG4 is closely related to miR-490 and E2F family transcription factors. GO analysis
suggested the possible role of SNHG4 in cell-cell adhesion, and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed
that SNHG4 could be associated with the gastric cancer signaling pathway. ELAVL1 and
IGF2BP2 have the highest number of SNHG4 target sites, and these proteins are involved in the
PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways.

Conclusion:

Based on our results, we conclude that SNHG4 may have a function in GC development
by regulating tumor-related signaling pathways.
A Novel Etanercept-loaded Nano-emulsion for Targeted Treatment of
Inflammatory Arthritis via Draining Lymph Node
Authors: Li Chenglong , lu Guanting , Jiang Yue , Su Huaiyu , Li Chen
Published: August 2023

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease (AD), and the
global incidence rate is 0.5 ~ 1%. Existing medications might reduce symptoms, however, there is no
known cure for this illness. Etanercept (EN) can competitively inhibit TNF-α binding to the TNF receptor
on the cell surface to treat RA. However, subcutaneous injection of free EN predisposes to systemic
distribution and induces immune system hypofunction. Draining lymph nodes (LNs) play a significant
role in the onset, maintenance, and progression of RA as they are the primary sites of aberrant immune
response and inflammatory cytokine production.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to successfully treat RA with etanercept by encapsulating it in nanoemulsions
(NEs/EN) and then delivering it specifically to draining LNs. The EN-loaded NEs were prepared
by high-pressure homogenization method and modified with DSPE-mPEG2000 and Ca(OH)2.

Methods:

A novel nano-emulsion (NE) was constructed to deliver EN (NE/EN) to RA-draining LNs. To
decrease aggregation and load EN, DSPE-mPEG2000 and Ca(OH)2 were successively decorated on the
surface of the lipid injectable emulsions. The hydrodynamic diameter and morphology of NEs/EN were
investigated by using a laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, respectively.
The in vivo fluorescence imaging system was used to study the in vivo LN targeting ability of the formulation.
In the therapeutic experiment, NEs/EN was subcutaneously administrated to inhibit the development
of the mouse arthritis model.

Results:

Circular dichroism spectrum and L929 cell experiment confirmed that NEs encapsulation had
no impact on the biological activity of EN. In vivo investigation on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)
mouse model showed that NEs/EN have good inguinal lymph node targeting capabilities, as well as,
anti-inflammatory effect against RA. Compared with the free group, the paw thickness and arthritic
score in NEs/EN group were significantly alleviated. Moreover, the concentration of pro-inflammatory
cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in NEs/EN-treated mice was lower than that in free EN.

Conclusion:

NEs/EN effectively improve the effectiveness of EN in the treatment of RA. Our work
provides an experimental foundation for expanding the clinical application of EN.
The Basal Ganglia Downstream Control of Action – An Evolutionarily
Conserved Strategy
Authors: Frost-Nylén Johanna , Thompson William Scott , Robertson Brita , Grillner Sten
Published: August 2023

The motor areas of the cortex and the basal ganglia both contribute to determining which
motor actions will be recruited at any moment in time, and their functions are intertwined. Here, we
review the basal ganglia mechanisms underlying the selection of behavior of the downstream control
of motor centers in the midbrain and brainstem and show that the basic organization of the forebrain
motor system is evolutionarily conserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny. The output level of the basal
ganglia (e.g. substantia nigra pars reticulata) has GABAergic neurons that are spontaneously active
at rest and inhibit a number of specific motor centers, each of which can be relieved from inhibition if
the inhibitory output neurons themselves become inhibited. The motor areas of the cortex act partially
via the dorsolateral striatum (putamen), which has specific modules for the forelimb, hindlimb, trunk,
etc. Each module operates in turn through the two types of striatal projection neurons that control the
output modules of the basal ganglia and thereby the downstream motor centers. The mechanisms for
lateral inhibition in the striatum are reviewed as well as other striatal mechanisms contributing to action
selection. The motor cortex also exerts a direct excitatory action on specific motor centers. An
overview is given of the basal ganglia control exerted on the different midbrain/brainstem motor centers,
and the efference copy information fed back via the thalamus to the striatum and cortex, which is
of importance for the planning of future movements.