bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Well Generatedness and Adjoints for Homotopy Categories of N-complexes
Authors: Cortés-Izurdiaga Manuel , Torrecillas Blas
Published: June 2023

Let R be a ring and $$N \ge 2$$

N
≥
2

. First, we prove that any deconstructible class of modules $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
over R induces two coreflective subcategories of the homotopy category $$\textbf{K}_N(\mathrm {Mod-}{R})$$

K
N

(

Mod
-

R
)

of (unbounded) N-complexes of right R-modules: the one whose objects are all N-complexes with components in $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
, $$\textbf{K}_N({\mathcal {F}})$$

K
N

(
F
)

, and the one whose objects are the N-acyclic complexes with components in $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
, $$\textbf{A}_N({\mathcal {F}})$$

A
N

(
F
)

. Second, we prove that for any decomposable class of modules $$\mathcal G$$
G
, the homotopy category of N-complexes, $$\textbf{K}_N(\mathcal G)$$

K
N

(
G
)

, is well generated. In particular, the homotopy category of N-complexes of projective modules is $$\aleph _1$$

ℵ
1

-generated, which extends the well known result of Neeman for $$N=2$$

N
=
2

.
An extension of the ADVISE Meta modeling framework and its application for an early-stage security analysis of a public transport supervision system
Authors: Mariotti Francesco , Bondavalli Andrea , Lollini Paolo , Montecchi Leonardo , Nardi Simone
Published: June 2023

Early-stage security analysis can be used for a preliminary assessment of the security level of a system, thus providing useful insights to guide the whole system’s development. In this paper, we focus on a specific meta-level modeling framework for security analysis, ADVISE Meta, which allows representing a system using generic built-in blocks and relationships constituting the ontology of the framework, and to automatically derive complex low-level stochastic models representing attack steps and adversaries. In this paper, we extend the ADVISE Meta ontology to enlarge the variety of the possible attack paths and adversaries that can be represented in the framework, by modeling (i) attack patterns available in the CAPEC database, a comprehensive dictionary of known patterns of attack, and (ii) the adversaries’ profiles defined in the Threat Agent Library (TAL), a reference library which describes the characteristics of threat agents. The paper provides a detailed description of the whole process for extending the ADVISE Meta ontology, and the application of the extended modeling framework for an early-stage security analysis of a public transport supervision system. The framework enables a variety of security-oriented analyses, in particular to assess the probability that a given adversary can successfully reach a specific goal, to analyze the most probable attack path that adversaries can follow to reach a goal, to perform sensitivity analysis at varying of attack patterns and adversaries’ profiles, to compare different architectural solutions, and to identify the system’s components that can be more probably attacked by adversaries.
Hybrid manufacturing of steel construction parts via arc welding of LPBF-produced and hot-rolled stainless steels
Authors: Chierici Martina , Demir Ali Gökhan , Kanyilmaz Alper , Berto Filippo , Castiglioni Carlo Andrea , Previtali Barbara
Published: June 2023

The demand for free-form steel structures having improved performances, reducing labour and resource usage is increasing in the construction sector. Structural nodes are some of the most critical regions for steel structures characterised often by large dimensions. These nodes can exploit the geometrical freedom of metal additive manufacturing (MAM) processes. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is arguably the most developed MAM process, which has limitations regarding the size of the parts to be produced. A way to overcome the size limits of LPBF for producing structural nodes while still exploiting its geometrical capacity is producing hybrid components by welding them to traditionally manufactured beams. Such hybrid joints would constitute a complex system from a mechanical design perspective requiring a systematic analysis in order to be certified for structural use. Accordingly, this work studies the mechanical behaviour of hybrid steel components generated by welding LPBF plates and quarto plates made of AISI 316L stainless steel. The work was guided by a case study based on a large steel node, which helped defining the requirements to fill the gap of the international standards. The mechanical characterisation of LPBF-produced plates and quarto plates, as well as the welded hybrid components revealed a maximum of 10% difference between the properties of the differently manufactured plates. Through the digital image correlation (DIC) analyses, the anisotropic deformation behaviour along the LPBF, weld seam, and quarto plate regions have been identified, and the properties after welding did not show relevant modifications. The tests allowed to define that the failure behaviour is mainly governed by interlayer bounds, and a 0.9 safety reduction parameter for considering the reduction of ductility induced by arc welding to LPBF. Finally, design and production suggestions have been provided for a correct evaluation of gross and effective sections of the designed nodes.
Recoater crashes during powder bed fusion of metal with laser beam: simulative prediction of interference and experimental evaluation of resulting part quality
Authors: Brenner Stefan , Moser Martin , Strauß Lea , Nedeljkovic-Groha Vesna , Löwisch Günther
Published: June 2023

In powder bed fusion of metal with laser beam (PBF-LB/M), repetitive melting and solidification of newly added layers lead to thermal stresses and distortions during part build-up. Particularly at critical component features such as unsupported overhangs, super-elevated edges pose a risk in terms of crashes with the recoating system during powder spreading. Damaged recoater lips lead to irregularities in the form of stripes in the powder bed. These local inhomogeneities cause lack-of-fusion porosity and geometric defects on the part surface. However, quantitative information on important quality aspects, such as tensile properties, dimensional accuracy, roughness, and hardness of parts printed under irregular powder bed conditions is scarce. Here, we show that samples from build jobs with recoater crashes maintain their elastic tensile properties and hardness, but lose elongation at break. Finite-element simulations of in-process distortions are used to design an artifact that intentionally damages the silicone rubber lip of the recoater but does not cause machine breakdown. The lowest mean yield strength of the damage-affected samples is 243 MPa, which is still within the material data sheet limits for AlSi10Mg. Therefore, recoater crashes do not necessarily result in rejects, but users must consider the likely presence of porosity.
A fast parallel tensor decomposition with optimal stochastic gradient descent: an application in structural damage identification
Authors: Anaissi Ali , Suleiman Basem , Alyassine Widad , Zandavi Seid Miad
Published: June 2023

Structural health monitoring (SHM) provides an economic approach which aims to enhance understanding the behavior of structures by continuously collecting data through multiple networked sensors attached to the structure. These data are then utilized to gain insight into the health of a structure and make timely and economic decisions about its maintenance. The generated SHM sensing data are non-stationary and exist in a correlated multi-way form which makes the batch/off-line learning and standard two-way matrix analysis unable to capture all of these correlations and relationships. In this sense, the online tensor data analysis has become an essential tool for capturing underlying structures in higher-order datasets stored in a tensor $${\mathcal {X}} \in {\mathbb {R}} ^{I_1 \times \cdots \times I_N} $$

X
∈

R

I
1

×
⋯
×

I
N

. The CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition has been extensively studied and applied to approximate X by N loading matrices $$A(1),\ldots ,A(N)$$

A
(
1
)
,
…
,
A
(
N
)

where N represents the order of the tensor. We propose a novel algorithm, FP-CPD, to parallelize the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition of a tensor $${\mathcal {X}} \in {\mathbb {R}} ^{I_1 \times \cdots \times I_N} $$

X
∈

R

I
1

×
⋯
×

I
N

. Our approach is based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm which allows us to parallelize the learning process, and it is very useful in online setting since it updates $${\mathcal {X}}^{t+1}$$

X

t
+
1

in one single step. Our SGD algorithm is augmented with Nesterov’s accelerated gradient and perturbation methods to accelerate and guarantee convergence. The experimental results using laboratory-based and real-life structural datasets indicate fast convergence and good scalability.
On strategies to help reduce contamination on public transit: a multilayer network approach
Authors: Gubert Fernanda R. , Santin Priscila , Fonseca Mauro , Munaretto Anelise , Silva Thiago H.
Published: June 2023

In times of a global pandemic, public transit can be crucial to spreading viruses, especially in big cities. Many works have shown that the human infection risk could be extremely high due to the length of exposure time, transmission routes, and structural characteristics during public transportation, and this can result in the rapid spread of the infection. Vaccines are often part of strategies to reduce contagion; however, they can be scarce in pandemic settings. Considering real-world and large-scale traffic data, this work proposes using time-varying multilayer networks to identify the main critical places to be prioritized in interventions, such as vaccination campaigns, to help reduce contagion on public transit. We exemplify our strategy in different vaccination scenarios. First, when considering only critical bus stops as priority vaccination points, determined by our approach, we indicate that focusing on vaccination in these locations reduces the spread of infection using fewer doses than a random vaccination. In another experiment, we demonstrate the flexibility of our approach in identifying other critical points of interest, healthcare units in this case. Vaccination in these vital health units could also be a viable strategy to curb contagion using a predetermined number of doses. The approach proposed in this study is not limited to vaccination strategies. It also applies to other problems that share similar properties, even in several different contexts, such as optimization in public transit or exploring different points of interest to gather insights from other issues of interest.
What Drives Negative Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities? Revenue Effect Versus Corporate Life-Cycle Dynamics
Authors: Lawrenz Jochen , Oberndorfer Julia
Published: June 2023

In order to identify the economic driver of negative investment-cash flow sensitivities (ICFS), we derive testable predictions from extending a theoretical investment model with endogenous financing costs (“revenue effect”) and contrast them with the corporate life-cycle hypothesis. We find that firms with (i) lower levels of long-term debt display stronger negative ICFS, and (ii) firms with more risky revenues invest more, which contradicts the predictions of the revenue effect. At the same time firms with strongly negative ICFS are (iii) smaller, (iv) younger and (v) have higher growth opportunities, which is consistent with the life-cycle hypothesis.
First molecular characterization of plum pox virus strains in stone fruits of Tuscany (Central Italy)
Authors: Pedrelli Athos , Panattoni Alessandra , Cotrozzi Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

Plum pox virus (PPV) a potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, is the etiologic agent of sharka, the worldwide most important and detrimental viral disease of stone fruits (genus Prunus). Although PPV was identified in Italy already in the 1970s and it has been largely reported in almost all Italian regions, a broad investigation and genetic characterization of PPV isolates was lacking in most of them, including Tuscany (Central Italy). To address this knowledge gap, in 2020 and 2021, field surveys were carried out in 80 commercial Tuscany orchards and a total of 690 leaf samples were collected from different Prunus species. PPV was identified in 25 and 12 peach and plum samples, respectively (more than 5% of tested samples), whereas no positive samples were reported in apricot. Eighteen of the 37 PPV positive samples showed mixed infections with other viruses and viroids, mostly Prunus necrotic ringspot virus in plum and peach latent mosaic viroid in peach. Molecular typing of PPV infected samples generated NIb/CP amplicons corresponding to PPV-Marcus (M) or PPV-Recombinant (Rec) strains. Furthermore, starting from the identification of eight PPV nucleotide sequences (among which five and two new PPV-M and PPV-Rec isolates, respectively), this study firstly identified the PPV-Mb subgroup in Italy, which was even prevalent than PPV-Ma. Finally, PPV-Rec isolates resulted phylogenetically close to Italian and Turkish isolates previously detected. Overall, the results here presented represent an important step to fill knowledge gaps about PPV in Tuscany, and we believe it may encourage other similar research to achieve more accurate data on PPV populations at both national and international levels.
Forward and Line-Based Cycle Bases for Periodic Timetabling
Authors: Masing Berenike , Lindner Niels , Ebert Patricia
Published: June 2023

The optimization of periodic timetables is an indispensable planning task in public transport. Although the periodic event scheduling problem (PESP) provides an elegant mathematical formulation of the periodic timetabling problem that led to many insights for primal heuristics, it is notoriously hard to solve to optimality. One reason is that for the standard mixed-integer linear programming formulations, linear programming relaxations are weak, and the integer variables are of pure technical nature and in general do not correlate with the objective value. While the first problem has been addressed by developing several families of cutting planes, we focus on the second aspect. We discuss integral forward cycle bases as a concept to compute improved dual bounds for PESP instances. To this end, we develop the theory of forward cycle bases on general digraphs. Specifically for the application of timetabling, we devise a generic procedure to construct line-based event-activity networks and give a simple recipe for an integral forward cycle basis on such networks. Finally, we analyze the 16 railway instances of the benchmark library PESPlib, match them to the line-based structure, and use forward cycle bases to compute better dual bounds for 14 out of the 16 instances.
Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 2 Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Ascending Aortic Dissection and Ascending Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Krekora Jan , Matuszewska-Brycht Oliwia , Sołek Julia , Fendler Wojciech , Fryczak Jolanta , Stępiński Piotr , Krejca Michał , Siejka Agnieszka , Retwiński Arkadiusz , Merks Piotr , Kaczmarek Daria , Drożdż Jarosław
Published: June 2023

Background

Previous studies explored multifactorial interactions and sirtuin expression in the aortic cells of laboratory rodents and humans. Human studies were limited due to the availability of biological material exclusively in the advanced stage of the disease. The role of sirtuins in aortic pathology has not been explained extensively therefore the aim of the study was to assess the plasma concentrations of human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and human sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in patients with ascending aortic dissection and ascending aortic aneurysm.

Material and methods

The study group included 43 adults (34 males and 9 females) aged 44–92 years with ascending aortic dissection (n = 10) or with ascending aortic aneurysm (n = 33). The SIRT1 and SIRT2 plasma concentrations in patients’ blood samples were determined, and the differences between groups were observed (p = 0.02 for SIRT1, p = 0.04 for SIRT2).

Results

Levels of both SIRT1 and SIRT2 were lower in patients with ascending aortic dissection (SIRT1: median = 6.5 ng/mL; SIRT2: median = 5.7 ng/mL) than in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm (SIRT1: median = 9.2 ng/mL; SIRT2: median = 7.8 ng/mL). The SIRT1 and SIRT2 cut-off levels differentiating both groups of patients were 6.7 ng/mL and 3.2 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusions

The patients with ascending aortic dissection had lower plasma concentrations of SIRT1 and SIRT2 than the patients with ascending aortic aneurysm. Calculated cut-off values for both enzymes may be helpful in laboratory differentiation of ascending aortic dissection from ascending aortic aneurysm.
Catharine Trotter Cockburn
Authors: Boeker Ruth
Published: June 2023

This Element offers the first detailed study of Catharine Trotter Cockburn's philosophy and covers her contributions to philosophical debates in epistemology, metaphysics, moral philosophy, and philosophy of religion. It not only examines Cockburn's view that sensation and reflection are the sources of knowledge, but also how she draws attention to the limitations of human understanding and how she approaches metaphysical debates through this lens. In the area of moral philosophy, this Element argues that it is helpful to take seriously Cockburn's distinction between questions concerning the metaphysical foundation of morality and questions concerning the practice of morality. Moreover, this Element examines Cockburn's religious views and considers her understanding of the relation between morality and religion and her religious views concerning the resurrection and the afterlife.
On Bloch’s map for torsion cycles over non-closed fields
Authors: Alexandrou Theodosis , Schreieder Stefan
Published: June 2023

We generalize Bloch’s map on torsion cycles from algebraically closed fields to arbitrary fields. While Bloch’s map over algebraically closed fields is injective for zero-cycles and for cycles of codimension at most two, we show that the generalization to arbitrary fields is only injective for cycles of codimension at most two but, in general, not for zero-cycles. Our result implies that Jannsen’s cycle class map in integral

$\ell $

-adic continuous étale cohomology is, in general, not injective on torsion zero-cycles over finitely generated fields. This answers a question of Scavia and Suzuki.
Spectral purity systems applied for laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet lithography sources: a review
Authors: Lin Nan , Chen Yunyi , Wei Xin , Yang Wenhe , Leng Yuxin
Published: June 2023

With the development of high-volume manufacturing for very-large-scale integrated circuits, the purity of the light source in the extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) system needs to fulfil extreme requirements in order to avoid thermal effect, optical distortion and critical dimension errors caused by out-of-band radiations. This paper reviews the key technologies and developments of the spectral purity systems for both a free-standing system and a built-in system integrated with the collector. The main challenges and developing trends are also discussed, with a view towards practical applications for further improvement. Designing and manufacturing spectral purity systems for EUVL is not a single task; rather, it requires systematic considerations for all relevant modules. Moreover, the requirement of spectral purity filters drives the innovation in filtering technologies, optical micromachining and advanced metrology.
Massive ground ice of glacial meltwater origin in raised marine-deltaic sediments, Fosheim Peninsula, high Arctic Canada
Authors: Roy Cameron , Campbell-Heaton Kethra , Lacelle Denis , Pollard Wayne
Published: June 2023

In the Canadian high Arctic, tabular massive ground ice is found extensively throughout the Eureka Sound Lowlands (ESL). This study evaluates the development of tabular massive ice in raised marine-deltaic sediments of the ESL based on new cryostratigraphic data from sites found between the coastline and the Holocene marine limit. At all sites, massive ice is found below laminated fine-grained marine sediments, and the upper contact between the ice and the overlying marine sediments is conformable and gradational. The concentration of major ions in the massive ice is orders of magnitude higher than expected for glacial ice, but Na/Cl molar ratios vary following elevation: the higher-elevation site has ratios similar to glacial ice, but sites at lower elevations have ratios closer to seawater. The δ18O values of the ice indicate that the main source of water is glacial meltwater but the δD-δ18O regression slope values suggest that the ice formed in an open system while receiving an influx that had a substantially different isotopic signature than the initial reservoir. The development of massive ice in the marine-deltaic sediments involves glacial meltwater recharging an aquifer beneath the Holocene marine sediments with a contribution of 1–10% of seawater.
Development and testing of an intervention to increase staff knowledge and confidence in responding to health anxiety in the context of cognitive decline: a pilot study
Authors: Colenutt Jessica , De Nicola Rita , Daniels Jo
Published: June 2023

Background:

Memory complaint in the absence of organic pathology is a common phenomenon accounting for up to one third of patients presenting to memory clinics. Health anxiety has been specifically linked to dementia worry and repeated presentations to the National Health Service (NHS). Providing reassurance that an individual does not have dementia appears ineffective in reducing presentations to primary and secondary care services.

Aims:

This study sought to evaluate and establish the effectiveness of a 1-hour pilot training workshop to enhance healthcare professionals’ knowledge and confidence to those with health anxiety around cognitive decline.

Method:

The one-session pilot training workshop was developed and informed by previous work and consultation with the 2Gether NHS Foundation Trust Memory Assessment Service staff. The training workshop was then evaluated by employing an idiosyncratic self-report questionnaire. Participants completed the questionnaire prior to and after the training workshop.

Results:

Pre- and post-training questionnaires revealed that the pilot training workshop was effective in increasing perceived knowledge and confidence in staff responding to patients presenting with health anxiety and co-occurring subjective memory complaints.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that healthcare professionals may benefit from training in identifying and addressing health-anxious individuals with subjective memory complaints. This may have implications in the provision of psychologically informed care offered in a memory assessment service. Recommendations are made for further enhancing the effectiveness of staff training and promoting alternative service treatment pathways.
System Predictor: Grounding Size Estimator for Logic Programs under Answer Set Semantics
Authors: BRESNAHAN DANIEL , HIPPEN NICHOLAS , LIERLER YULIYA
Published: June 2023

Answer set programming is a declarative logic programming paradigm geared towards solving difficult combinatorial search problems. While different logic programs can encode the same problem, their performance may vary significantly. It is not always easy to identify which version of the program performs the best. We present the system predictor (and its algorithmic backend) for estimating the grounding size of programs, a metric that can influence a performance of a system processing a program. We evaluate the impact of predictor when used as a guide for rewritings produced by the answer set programming rewriting tools projector and lpopt. The results demonstrate potential to this approach.
Compact beamforming network for producing multiple orthogonal beams in a limited field of view phased array antenna
Authors: Sharifi Moghaddam Elham , Ahmadi Arash
Published: June 2023

Due to the advent of high-throughput communication satellites in a geostationary orbit, the development of multiple beam phased array antenna (MBPAA) technology has become a necessity. This paper presents the design and implementation of the constituent unit of a beamforming network (BFN), which feeds an MBPAA with interleaved sub-arrays. The proposed BFN generates multiple orthogonal sub-beams with a very tiny angular distance between adjacent sub-beams in a limited field of view. The BFN consists of sub-array beamforming networks (SABFNs) with unequal number of beam ports and antenna ports, which can feed both the arrays lateral elements and the interleaved core sub-arrays for pattern shaping and side-lobe level reduction. A microwave circuit for this SABFN has been designed and fabricated in C-band. The microstrip lines have been printed on the two sides of a suspended substrate. This technique leads to size reduction of the circuit by twice a value compared to a conventional microstrip circuit. Measurements have been compared to simulations, and good conformity has been observed. The insertion loss in the path of beam ports to the antenna ports is 3.5 dB for a relative bandwidth of 10%.
Wealth and Child Mortality in the Nineteenth-Century United States: Evidence from Three Panels of American Couples, 1850–1880
Authors: Hacker J. David , Dribe Martin , Helgertz Jonas
Published: June 2023

With only a few exceptions, the historical study of individual-level correlates of child mortality in the United States has been limited to the period surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, when children ever born and children surviving data collected by the 1900 and 1910 censuses allow indirect estimation of child mortality. The recent release of linked census data, such as the IPUMS MLP datasets, allows a different type of indirect estimation over a longer period. By following couples across subsequent decennial censuses, it is possible to infer child mortality by measuring whether couples’ own children in the first census were still present in the second census. We focus our analysis on children aged 1–3 in the first of two linked censuses, who were less likely to be undercounted by the census than infants, and unlikely to be living apart from their parents in the second census. We estimate child mortality over the intervening decade and use OLS regression to correlate that mortality to the residence location and socioeconomic characteristics of their parents’ households. We limit our analysis to three panel datasets for married couples linked between the 1850–60, 1860–70, and 1870–80 censuses, when real estate and personal estate wealth data were collected. Our results indicate a significant negative relationship between wealth and child mortality across all regions of the United States and over the entire period examined.
‘Does God Mind?’: Reshaping Chinese Christian Rites of Passage, c.1877–1940
Authors: Yung Tim
Published: June 2023

Chinese Anglicans and missionaries wrestled with the relationship between Christian rituals and culture. Missionaries entered China with preconceived notions about rites of passage, but quickly realized the difficulties of implementation. For example, with the backdrop of Western imperialism, clergy reported ‘unworthy adherents’ misusing their certificates of admission to churches only to gain extraterritorial legal privileges. Another question was how far traditional Chinese wedding customs could be integrated into Christian marriage. Students at Anglican schools wondered whether God would ‘mind’ if they believed Jesus in their hearts, but did not receive baptism because of parental opposition, because, to them, both faith and filial piety mattered. The complexity of the Chinese social and cultural context made it impossible to prescribe set formats for rites of passage. Instead, clergy and Chinese Anglicans reshaped rites of passage by referring to loosely formulated guidelines, using case-by-case discretion, and adjusting to their surroundings.
‘To our earthly view Dietrich is dead’: George Bell's Eulogy for Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Authors: Cruickshank Dan D.
Published: June 2023

This article considers the eulogy given by George Bell, then bishop of Chichester, at the London remembrance service held in July 1945 for Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Bell's eulogy offers a unique form of marking a death. On the one hand he presented a traditional biography of Bonhoeffer, whilst at the same time he depicted Bonhoeffer's life as not over, but as having moved into a stage of glorified martyrdom. The article explores how Bell argued that Bonhoeffer's death offered the potential for life to a post-war Europe, raising issues with van Gennep's understanding of the relationship between the living and a dead person who had had no proper funerary rites. The article thus seeks to explain how Bell marked Bonhoeffer's death by presenting him as a man, a potential assassin and a martyr, in an attempt to secure an eternal earthly legacy for a man Bell believed had offered the world life through his death. The article is followed by an edition of the text of Bell's eulogy in full.
‘Rites of Passage’ and the Writing of Church History: Reflections upon our Craft in the Aftermath of van Gennep
Authors: O'Loughlin Thomas
Published: June 2023

Van Gennep's work on rites of passage can be viewed as part of the rise of anthropology in the period prior to the First World War, and has been very influential conceptually and on the practice of churches ever since. This article examines how his own historical work, taking baptism as an example of a rite of passage, compares with the practice of church history at the time. It then seeks to assess van Gennep's assumptions in comparison with the assumptions about the past used in church history writing today, acknowledging that the turn to plurality – that uniformity in doctrines, rituals and texts is subsequent to diversity – of recent scholarship is in several respects anticipated by van Gennep.
Does Interacting with Women Encourage Civic and Prosocial Attitudes? Evidence from Simulated Contact Experiments in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait
Authors: Jones Calvert W.
Published: June 2023

Research suggests that interacting with women may encourage civic and prosocial attitudes, yet findings to date have been limited to democracies notable for their egalitarian norms. Using simulated contact experiments under controlled conditions, this article tests hypotheses for the first time in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, arguably “hard cases” given persistent norms of patriarchy and gender segregation. Yet, despite stronger contexts for male dominance, results suggest that interacting with women may indeed steer Saudi and Kuwaiti men toward more civic and other-regarding orientations, including aspects of tolerance, egalitarianism, openness, and community rule-following. These findings add much-needed comparative perspective to experimental research on mixed-gender dynamics and align with broader work highlighting the benefits of diverse interactions for groups and nations.
Measuring Presence and Situational Awareness in a Virtual Reality	Flight Simulator
Authors: Cross Jamie I. , Boag-Hodgson Christine C. , Mavin Tim J.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: A sense of presence plays a significant role in virtual reality (VR) usability, yet there is limited research of its existence in a virtual reality flight simulator (VRFS). Similarly, there is scarce investigation of situational awareness (SA) in a VRFS. Consequently, this paper discusses an experiment that explored presence and SA in a VRFS. Physiological responses are also captured. The results reveal that participants felt a high degree of presence in a VRFS, and felt immersed and involved. The sense of presence contributed to good SA, and physiological data identified increased stress levels. These results are an important step in the exploration of VR in the field of aviation training. However, more research is required to identify how and where VR could be applied.
Nearby Volcano Planet Likely Fueled by Tidal Heating
Authors: Barbuzano Javier
Published: June 2023

A gravitational dance between a newly discovered exoplanet and its host star may be driving extreme volcanism on its surface.
Role of microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) in bipolar disorder pathophysiology and potential in lithium therapeutic mechanism
Authors: Salem Deepak , Fecek Ronald J.
Published: June 2023

Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) are life-long disorders that account for significant morbidity in afflicted patients. The etiology of BPAD is complex, combining genetic and environmental factors to increase the risk of disease. Genetic studies have pointed toward cytoskeletal dysfunction as a potential molecular mechanism through which BPAD may arise and have implicated proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton as risk factors. Microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) is a giant cytoskeletal crosslinking protein that can coordinate the different aspects of the mammalian cytoskeleton with a wide variety of actions. In this review, we seek to highlight the functions of MACF1 in the nervous system and the molecular mechanisms leading to BPAD pathogenesis. We also offer a brief perspective on MACF1 and the role it may be playing in lithium’s mechanism of action in treating BPAD.
Neural activation of regions involved in food reward and cognitive control in young females with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa versus healthy controls
Authors: Eddy Kamryn T. , Plessow Franziska , Breithaupt Lauren , Becker Kendra R. , Slattery Meghan , Mancuso Christopher J. , Izquierdo Alyssa M. , Van De Water Avery L. , Kahn Danielle L. , Dreier Melissa J. , Ebrahimi Seda , Deckersbach Thilo , Thomas Jennifer J. , Holsen Laura M. , Misra Madhusmita , Lawson Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2023

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN (AtypAN) are complex neurobiological illnesses that typically onset in adolescence with an often treatment-refractory and chronic illness trajectory. Aberrant eating behaviors in this population have been linked to abnormalities in food reward and cognitive control, but prior studies have not examined respective contributions of clinical characteristics and metabolic state. Research is needed to identify specific disruptions and inform novel intervention targets to improve outcomes. Fifty-nine females with AN (n = 34) or AtypAN (n = 25), ages 10–22 years, all ≤90% expected body weight, and 34 age-matched healthy controls (HC) completed a well-established neuroimaging food cue paradigm fasting and after a standardized meal, and we used ANCOVA models to investigate main and interaction effects of Group and Appetitive State on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation for the contrast of exposure to high-calorie food images minus objects. We found main effects of Group with greater BOLD activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus, caudate, and putamen for AN/AtypAN versus HC groups, and in the three-group model including AN, AtypAN, and HC (sub-)groups, where differences were primarily driven by greater activation in the AtypAN subgroup versus HC group. We found a main effect of Appetitive State with increased premeal BOLD activation in the hypothalamus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and caudate for models that included AN/AtypAN and HC groups, and in BOLD activation in the nucleus accumbens for the model that included AN, AtypAN, and HC (sub-)groups. There were no interaction effects of Group with Appetitive State for any of the models. Our findings demonstrate robust feeding-state independent group effects reflecting greater neural activation of specific regions typically associated with reward and cognitive control processing across AN and AtypAN relative to healthy individuals in this food cue paradigm. Differential activation of specific brain regions in response to the passive viewing of high-calorie food images may underlie restrictive eating behavior in this clinical population.
Histone demethylases in the regulation of immunity and inflammation
Authors: Qu Lihua , Yin Tong , Zhao Yijin , Lv Wenting , Liu Ziqi , Chen Chao , Liu Kejun , Shan Shigang , Zhou Rui , Li Xiaoqing , Dong Huifen
Published: June 2023

Pathogens or danger signals trigger the immune response. Moderate immune response activation removes pathogens and avoids excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Histone demethylases (KDMs) regulate gene expression and play essential roles in numerous physiological processes by removing methyl groups from lysine residues on target proteins. Abnormal expression of KDMs is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases such as liver fibrosis, lung injury, and autoimmune diseases. Despite becoming exciting targets for diagnosing and treating these diseases, the role of these enzymes in the regulation of immune and inflammatory response is still unclear. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms through which KDMs regulate immune-related pathways and inflammatory responses. In addition, we also discuss the future applications of KDMs inhibitors in immune and inflammatory diseases.
Mitochondrial matrix protein LETMD1 maintains thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue in male mice
Authors: Park Anna , Kim Kwang-eun , Park Isaac , Lee Sang Heon , Park Kun-Young , Jung Minkyo , Li Xiaoxu , Sleiman Maroun Bou , Lee Su Jeong , Kim Dae-Soo , Kim Jaehoon , Lim Dae-Sik , Woo Eui-Jeon , Lee Eun Woo , Han Baek Soo , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Lee Sang Chul , Auwerx Johan , Mun Ji Young , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Kim Won Kon , Bae Kwang-Hee , Suh Jae Myoung
Published: June 2023

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has abundant mitochondria with the unique capability of generating heat via uncoupled respiration. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is activated in BAT during cold stress and dissipates mitochondrial proton motive force generated by the electron transport chain to generate heat. However, other mitochondrial factors required for brown adipocyte respiration and thermogenesis under cold stress are largely unknown. Here, we show LETM1 domain-containing protein 1 (LETMD1) is a BAT-enriched and cold-induced protein required for cold-stimulated respiration and thermogenesis of BAT. Proximity labeling studies reveal that LETMD1 is a mitochondrial matrix protein. Letmd1 knockout male mice display aberrant BAT mitochondria and fail to carry out adaptive thermogenesis under cold stress. Letmd1 knockout BAT is deficient in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex proteins and has impaired mitochondrial respiration. In addition, BAT-specific Letmd1 deficient mice exhibit phenotypes identical to those observed in Letmd1 knockout mice. Collectively, we demonstrate that the BAT-enriched mitochondrial matrix protein LETMD1 plays a tissue-autonomous role that is essential for BAT mitochondrial function and thermogenesis.
Intracellular pH dynamics regulates intestinal stem cell lineage specification
Authors: Liu Yi , Reyes Efren , Castillo-Azofeifa David , Klein Ophir D. , Nystul Todd , Barber Diane L.
Published: June 2023

Intracellular pH dynamics is increasingly recognized to regulate myriad cell behaviors. We report a finding that intracellular pH dynamics also regulates adult stem cell lineage specification. We identify an intracellular pH gradient in mouse small intestinal crypts, lowest in crypt stem cells and increasing along the crypt column. Disrupting this gradient by inhibiting H+ efflux by Na+/H+ exchanger 1 abolishes crypt budding and blocks differentiation of Paneth cells, which are rescued with exogenous WNT. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing we demonstrate that intracellular pH dynamics acts downstream of ATOH1, with increased pH promoting differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Our findings indicate that an increase in pH is required for the lineage specification that contributes to crypt maintenance, establishing a role for intracellular pH dynamics in cell fate decisions within an adult stem cell lineage.
Endogenous learning for green hydrogen in a sector-coupled energy model for Europe
Authors: Zeyen Elisabeth , Victoria Marta , Brown Tom
Published: June 2023

Many studies have shown that hydrogen could play a large role in the energy transition for hard-to-electrify sectors, but previous modelling has not included the necessary features to assess its role. They have either left out important sectors of hydrogen demand, ignored the temporal variability in the system or neglected the dynamics of learning effects. We address these limitations and consider learning-by-doing for the full green hydrogen production chain with different climate targets in a detailed European sector-coupled model. Here, we show that in the next 10 years a faster scale-up of electrolysis and renewable capacities than envisaged by the EU in the REPowerEU Plan can be cost-optimal to reach the strictest +1.5oC target. This reduces the costs for hydrogen production to 1.26 €/kg by 2050. Hydrogen production switches from grey to green hydrogen, omitting the option of blue hydrogen. If electrolysis costs are modelled without dynamic learning-by-doing, then the electrolysis scale-up is significantly delayed, while total system costs are overestimated by up to 13% and the levelised cost of hydrogen is overestimated by 67%.
Development of a Prevotella bivia PNA probe and a multiplex approach to detect three relevant species in bacterial vaginosis-associated biofilms
Authors: Sousa Lúcia G. V. , Almeida Carina , Muzny Christina A. , Cerca Nuno
Published: June 2023

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection worldwide. We developed a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe targeting Prevotella bivia, a common BV-associated bacteria, and optimized a multiplex approach for detection of Gardnerella spp., P. bivia and Fannyhessea vaginae. Our P. bivia PNA probe specifically detected the target species, and the optimized multiplex approach was able to detect the presence of the three species in multi-species BV biofilms.
Rare subtypes of triple negative breast cancer: Current understanding and future directions
Authors: Thomas Alexandra , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Geyer Charles E. , Wen Hannah Y.
Published: June 2023

Rare subtypes of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a heterogenous group of tumors, comprising 5–10% of all TNBCs. Despite accounting for an absolute number of cases in aggregate approaching that of other less common, but well studied solid tumors, rare subtypes of triple-negative disease remain understudied. Low prevalence, diagnostic challenges and overlapping diagnoses have hindered consistent categorization of these breast cancers. Here we review epidemiology, histology and clinical and molecular characteristics of metaplastic, triple-negative lobular, apocrine, adenoid cystic, secretory and high-grade neuroendocrine TNBCs. Medullary pattern invasive ductal carcinoma no special type, which until recently was a considered a distinct subtype, is also discussed. With this background, we review how applying biological principals often applied to study TNBC no special type could improve our understanding of rare TNBCs. These could include the utilization of targeted molecular approaches or disease agnostic tools such as tumor mutational burden or germline mutation-directed treatments. Burgeoning data also suggest that pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy and circulating tumor DNA have value in understanding rare subtypes of TNBC. Finally, we discuss a framework for advancing disease-specific knowledge in this space. While the conduct of randomized trials in rare TNBC subtypes has been challenging, re-envisioning trial design and technologic tools may offer new opportunities. These include embedding rare TNBC subtypes in umbrella studies of rare tumors, retrospective review of contemporary trials, prospective identification of patients with rare TNBC subtypes entering on clinical trials and querying big data for outcomes of patients with rare breast tumors.
An AI-driven microstructure optimization framework for elastic properties of titanium beyond cubic crystal systems
Authors: Mao Yuwei , Hasan Mahmudul , Paul Arindam , Gupta Vishu , Choudhary Kamal , Tavazza Francesca , Liao Wei-keng , Choudhary Alok , Acar Pinar , Agrawal Ankit
Published: June 2023

Materials design aims to identify the material features that provide optimal properties for various engineering applications, such as aerospace, automotive, and naval. One of the important but challenging problems for materials design is to discover multiple polycrystalline microstructures with optimal properties. This paper proposes an end-to-end artificial intelligence (AI)-driven microstructure optimization framework for elastic properties of materials. In this work, the microstructure is represented by the Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) that determines the volume densities of crystallographic orientations. The framework was evaluated on two crystal systems, cubic and hexagonal, for Titanium (Ti) in Joint Automated Repository for Various Integrated Simulations (JARVIS) database and is expected to be widely applicable for materials with multiple crystal systems. The proposed framework can discover multiple polycrystalline microstructures without compromising the optimal property values and saving significant computational time.
Shorter telomere length predicts poor antidepressant response and poorer cardiometabolic indices in major depression
Authors: Rampersaud Ryan , Wu Gwyneth W. Y. , Reus Victor I. , Lin Jue , Blackburn Elizabeth H. , Epel Elissa S. , Hough Christina M. , Mellon Synthia H. , Wolkowitz Owen M.
Published: June 2023

Telomere length (TL) is a marker of biological aging, and shorter telomeres have been associated with several medical and psychiatric disorders, including cardiometabolic dysregulation and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In addition, studies have shown shorter TL to be associated with poorer response to certain psychotropic medications, and our previous work suggested shorter TL and higher telomerase activity (TA) predicts poorer response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. Using a new group of unmedicated medically healthy individuals with MDD (n = 48), we sought to replicate our prior findings demonstrating that peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) TL and TA predict response to SSRI treatment and to identify associations between TL and TA with biological stress mediators and cardiometabolic risk indices. Our results demonstrate that longer pre-treatment TL was associated with better response to SSRI treatment (β = .407p = .007). Additionally, we observed that TL had a negative relationship with allostatic load (β = − .320p = .017) and a cardiometabolic risk score (β = − .300p = .025). Our results suggest that PBMC TL reflects, in part, the cumulative effects of physiological stress and cardiovascular risk in MDD and may be a biomarker for predicting SSRI response.
Conduit design with expanding diameter for enhanced flow
Authors: Hashemi Javad , Peeples Hunter , Kuykendall Riley , Raju Seshadri , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: June 2023

Conduits are commonly used for treating lesions in arteries and veins. The conventional stents are cylindrical in shape, which increases flow resistance with length. This study presents a design of stents and conduits where the conduit caliber expands gradually to reduce resistance while avoiding flow separation. Inflow was provided from a header tank at two different pressures (i.e., 10 and 25 mm Hg pressure) into a cylindrical or expanding conduit. The initial conduit calibers were 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-mm and 160-, 310-, and 620-mm lengths in each case. The flow rates of expanding caliber conduits (at a rate of r4–6/cm where r is the initial conduit radius) were compared to traditional cylindrical conduits of constant radius. The expanded caliber yields a significantly increased flow of 16–55% for R4/L expansion, 9–44% for R5/L expansion, and 1–28% for R6/L expansion. Simulated flow models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to validate and expand the experimental findings. Flow separation was detected for certain simulations by flow pathlines and wall shear stress (WSS) calculations. The results showed that a caliber expansion rate of r6/cm is the optimal rate of expansion for most potential applications with minimum flow separation, lower resistance, and increased flow.