bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Chilean Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: emergence of low pathogenic ISAV-HPR0 and re-emergence of virulent ISAV-HPR∆: HPR3 and HPR14
Authors: Godoy Marcos G , Kibenge Molly JT , Suarez Rudy , Lazo Eduardo , Heisinger Alejandro , Aguinaga Javier , Bravo Diego , Mendoza Julio , Llegues Katerina O , Avendaño-Herrera Rubén , Vera Cristian , Mardones Fernando , Kibenge Frederick SB
Published: November 2013

Abstact

Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a serious disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by ISA virus (ISAV), which belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. ISA is caused by virulent ISAV strains with deletions in a highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein (designated virulent ISAV-HPR∆). This study shows the historic dynamics of ISAV-HPR∆ and ISAV-HPR0 in Chile, the genetic relationship among ISAV-HPR0 reported worldwide and between ISAV-HPR0 and ISAV-HPR∆ in Chile, and reports the 2013 ISA outbreak in Chile. The first ISA outbreak in Chile occurred from mid-June 2007 to 2010 and involved the virulent ISAV-HPR7b, which was then replaced by a low pathogenic ISAV-HPR0 variant. We analyzed this variant in 66 laboratory-confirmed ISAV-HPR0 cases in Chile in comparison to virulent ISAV-HPR∆ that caused two new ISA outbreaks in April 2013. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis of HE sequences from all ISAV-HPR0 viruses allowed us to identify three genomic clusters, which correlated with three residue patterns of ISAV-HPR0 (360PST362, 360PAN362 and 360PAT362) in HPR. The virus responsible for the 2013 ISAV-HPR∆ cases in Chile belonged to ISAV-HPR3 and ISAV-HPR14, and in phylogenetic analyses, both clustered with the ISAV-HPR0 found in Chile. The ISAV-HPR14 had the ISAV-HPR0 residue pattern 360PAT362, which is the only type of ISAV-HPR0 variant found in Chile. This suggested to us that the 2013 ISAV-HPR∆ re-emerged from ISAV-HPR0 that is enzootic in Chilean salmon aquaculture and were not new introductions of virulent ISAV-HPR∆ to Chile. The clinical presentations and diagnostic evidence of the 2013 ISA cases indicated a mixed infection of ISAV with the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi and the bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis, which underscores the need for active ISAV surveillance in areas where ISAV-HPR0 is enzootic, to ensure early detection and control of new ISA outbreaks, as it is considered a risk factor. This is the first report of ISA linked directly to the presence of ISAV-HPR0, and provides strong evidence supporting the contention that ISAV-HPR0 shows a strong relationship to virulent ISAV-HPR∆ viruses and the possibility that it could mutate to virulent ISAV-HPR∆.
Arthroscopic treatment of chronically painful calcific tendinitis of the rectus femoris
Authors: Peng Xu , Feng Yong , Chen Guangxing , Yang Liu
Published: November 2013

Background

Relatively large calcific tendinitis with persistent symptoms after extended periods of conservative treatment is an indication for operative therapy. Arthroscopy, as a treatment for calcific tendinitis of the hip abductors and calcinosis circumscripta, has been described previously; however, to our knowledge, the clinical and radiological response to arthroscopic removal of calcific tendinitis of the rectus femoris tendon has not.

Methods

We present arthroscopic treatment of unusual calcific tendonitis of the origin of the rectus femoris and associated intra-articular lesions in 3 patients with chronic coxa pain.

Results

Our cases show that hip arthroscopy is an effective therapeutic modality for calcific tendinitis of the hip joint with satisfactory short-term outcomes.

Conclusions

Calcific tendinitis, although an uncommon clinical entity, should be a part of the differential diagnosis of acute or chronic hip pain.
Preventively enteral application of immunoglobulin enriched colostrums milk can modulate postoperative inflammatory response
Authors: Orth Klaus , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , van Griensven Martijn , Matuschek Christiane , Peiper Matthias , Schrumpf Holger , Gerber Peter Arne , Budach Wilfried , Bölke Edwin , Buhren Bettina Alexandra , Schauer Matthias
Published: November 2013

Several studies demonstrated acute inflammatory response following traumatic injury. Inflammatory response during surgical interventions was verified by a significant increase of endotoxin plasma levels and a decrease of the endotoxin neutralizing capacity (ENC). However, the incidence of elevated endotoxin levels was significantly higher (89%) than detected bacterial translocation (35%). Thus parts or products of Gram-negative bacteria seem to translocate more easily into the blood circulation than whole bacteria. Along with the bacterial translocation, the inflammatory response correlated directly with the severity of the surgical intervention. In comparison after major and minor surgery Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was also significantly different. Similar effects in mediator release were shown during endovascular stent graft placement and open surgery in infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Open surgery demonstrated a significant stronger endotoxin translocation and a decrease of ENC. Strategies to prevent translocation seem to be sensible. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mammary glands within the first days after birth. It contains a complex system of immune factors and has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Placebo-controlled studies verified that prophylactic oral application of immunoglobulin-enriched colostrum milk preparation diminishes perioperative endotoxemia, prevents reduction of ENC and reduces postoperative CRP-levels, suggesting a stabilization of the gut barrier. This effect may be caused by immunoglobulin transportation by the neonatal receptor FcRn of the mucosal epithelium.

In conclusion, there is an association of perioperative endotoxemia and the subsequent increase in mediators of the acute phase reaction in surgical patients. A prophylactic oral application of colostrum milk is likely to stabilize the gut barrier i.e. reduces the influx of lipopolysaccharides arising from Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and inhibits enterogenic endotoxemia. This appears to be a major mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect in patients at risk for Gram-negative septic shock.
Flat-pressed wood plastic composites from sawdust and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET): physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Rahman Khandkar Siddikur , Islam Md Nazrul , Rahman Md Mushfiqur , Hannan Md Obaidullah , Dungani Rudi , Khalil HPS Abdul
Published: November 2013

This study deals with the fabrication of composite matrix from saw dust (SD) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at different ratio (w/w) by flat-pressed method. The wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made with a thickness of 6 mm after mixing the saw dust and PET in a rotary type blender followed by flat press process. Physical i.e., density, moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS), and mechanical properties i.e., Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) were assessed as a function of mixing ratios according to the ASTM D-1037 standard. WA and TS were measured after 24 hours of immersion in water at 25, 50 and 75°C temperature. It was found that density decreased 18.3% when SD content increased from 40% to 70% into the matix. WA and TS increased when the PET content decreased in the matrix and the testing water temperature increased. MOE and MOR were reached to maximum for the fabricated composites (2008.34 and 27.08 N/mm2, respectively) when the SD content were only 40%. The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically feasible; however, the use of additives like coupling agents could further enhance the properties of WPCs.
Chemical speciation of environmentally significant metals with inorganic ligands. Part 5: The Zn2+ + OH-, Cl-, CO3
2-, SO4
2-, and PO4
3- systems (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Powell Kipton J. , Brown Paul L. , Byrne Robert H. , Gajda Tamás , Hefter Glenn , Leuz Ann-Kathrin , Sjöberg Staffan , Wanner Hans
Published: November 2013

The numerical modeling of ZnII speciation amongst the environmental inorganic ligands Cl–, OH–, CO3
2–, SO4
2–, and PO4
3– requires reliable values for the relevant stability (formation) constants. This paper compiles and provides a critical review of these constants and related thermodynamic data. It recommends values of log10
β

p,q,r
° valid at I

m
= 0 mol·kg–1 and 25 °C (298.15 K), and reports the empirical reaction ion interaction coefficients, ∆ε, required to calculate log10
β

p,q,r
values at higher ionic strengths using the Brønsted–Guggenheim–Scatchard specific ion interaction theory (SIT). Values for the corresponding reaction enthalpies, ∆r
H, are reported where available. There is scope for additional high-quality measurements for the Zn2+ + H+ + CO3
2– system and for the Zn2+ + OH– and Zn2+ + SO4
2– systems at I > 0. In acidic and weakly alkaline fresh water systems (pH < 8), in the absence of organic ligands (e.g., humic substances), ZnII speciation is dominated by Zn2+(aq). In this respect, ZnII contrasts with CuII and PbII (the subjects of earlier reviews in this series) for which carbonato- and hydroxido- complex formation become important at pH > 7. The speciation of ZnII is dominated by ZnCO3(aq) only at pH > 8.4. In seawater systems, the speciation at pH = 8.2 is dominated by Zn2+(aq) with ZnCl+, Zn(Cl)2(aq), ZnCO3(aq), and ZnSO4(aq) as minor species. This behaviour contrasts with that for CuII and PbII for which at the pH of seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere at 25 °C (log10 {[H+]/c°} ≈ 8.2) the MCO3(aq) complex dominates over the MCl
n

(2–n)+ species. The lower stability of the different complexes of ZnII compared with those of CuII, PbII, and CdII is also illustrated by the percentage of uncomplexed M2+ in seawater, which is ca. 55, 3, 2, and 3.3 % of [MII]T, respectively.
Rapid Electrokinetic Isolation of Cancer-Related Circulating Cell-Free DNA Directly from Blood
Authors: Sonnenberg Avery , Marciniak Jennifer Y , Rassenti Laura , Ghia Emanuela M , Skowronski Elaine A , Manouchehri Sareh , McCanna James , Widhopf George F , Kipps Thomas J , Heller Michael J
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Circulating cell-free DNA (ccf-DNA) is becoming an important biomarker for cancer diagnostics and therapy monitoring. The isolation of ccf-DNA from plasma as a “liquid biopsy” may begin to replace more invasive tissue biopsies for the detection and analysis of cancer-related mutations. Conventional methods for the isolation of ccf-DNA from plasma are costly, time-consuming, and complex, preventing the use of ccf-DNA biomarkers for point-of-care diagnostics and limiting other biomedical research applications.

METHODS

We used an AC electrokinetic device to rapidly isolate ccf-DNA from 25 μL unprocessed blood. ccf-DNA from 15 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and 3 healthy individuals was separated into dielectrophoretic (DEP) high-field regions, after which other blood components were removed by a fluidic wash. Concentrated ccf-DNA was detected by fluorescence and eluted for quantification, PCR, and DNA sequencing. The complete process, blood to PCR, required <10 min. ccf-DNA was amplified by PCR with immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV)-specific primers to identify the unique IGHV gene expressed by the leukemic B-cell clone, and then sequenced.

RESULTS

PCR and DNA sequencing results obtained by DEP from 25 μL CLL blood matched results obtained by use of conventional methods for ccf-DNA isolation from 1 mL plasma and for genomic DNA isolation from CLL patient leukemic B cells isolated from 15–20 mL blood.

CONCLUSIONS

Rapid isolation of ccf-DNA directly from a drop of blood will advance disease-related biomarker research, accelerate the transition from tissue to liquid biopsies, and enable point-of-care diagnostic systems for patient monitoring.
Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of the Angle of Repose of Granular Materials
Authors: Rousé Pascale C.
Published: November 2013

The angle of repose—the maximum angle that allows a heap of soil to remain stable without failing—is an important property of soils and affects the safety and costs of projects such as slopes or retaining walls. But several methods have been proposed to measure it, which might produce confusion in practice and research. The angles of repose obtained using six different methods for six different sands are compared here in order to quantify and explain the differences and determine some of the factors that influence the angle’s value. The results show that the highest values are obtained with the ASTM International and Cornforth methods, followed by scoop deposition (6 % smaller), the Santamarina and Cho dry method (12 % smaller), and the cone lifting method (35 % smaller). Both the cone lifting method and the Santamarina and Cho wet method produce segregation of the finer particles for sands having a specific gravity greater than 2.7 and a difference of extreme void ratios larger than 0.3.
A Newly Designed TDR Probe for Soils with High Electrical Conductivities
Authors: Chen Yunmin , Wang Hanlin , Chen Renpeng , Chen Yun
Published: November 2013

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a fast, accurate, and safe technology for field monitoring of soil moisture. Commonly used information in TDR signals includes the apparent dielectric constant and electrical conductivity. Because general TDR principles are not available for apparent dielectric constant measurements by travel time methods in soils with high electrical conductivities caused by the significant signal attenuation, the conventional commercial probes lose their purposes. For this reason, a new probe has been designed for measuring dielectric constants in highly conductive soils on the basis of the surface reflection coefficients method. This new probe can make the reflection at the soil surface more distinct. Experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of measuring dielectric constants in different soils using this new probe. Finally, the probe was used to measure water content and dry density in the field. The results show that the probe has good integrity and high strength. This probe is capable of obtaining the dielectric constant in soils with high electrical conductivities using surface reflection coefficients methods with reasonable accuracy. In addition, it indicates that the dielectric constant measured by this approach matches well with that determined by travel time methods in the relative error range of 10 % in lowly conductive soils. Compared to oven-dry methods, the relative errors of water content and dry density determined using this new probe are less than 10 % and 3 %, respectively.
Determination of Residual Concentration of Active Polymer in a Polymeric Support Fluid
Authors: Lam Carlos , Martin Peter J. , Jefferis Stephan A. , Goodhue K. Gifford
Published: November 2013

This paper is concerned with the properties of synthetic polymer fluids used for the temporary support of excavations, such as pile bores and diaphragm wall panels. These fluids can be used as alternatives to bentonite slurries and may influence the performance of the foundation elements formed under them. During the excavation process, polymers tend to be sorbed onto the soil and they may be degraded by the shearing in pumps, etc. It follows that a controlling parameter for these fluids is the residual concentration of active polymer in the fluid, and this paper considers test methods that may be used for its determination. Three different measuring principles, namely, total organic carbon, UV light absorption, and viscosity, were investigated for their suitability for site use. Their performance was compared in a series of polymer–clay sorption experiments—the clay sorbing the polymer, therefore reducing the residual concentration in solution. A method based on the measurement of viscosity of centrifuge supernates was found to have the best overall performance. A comparison with current assessment criteria based on Marsh funnel viscosity and density measurements confirmed the superiority of the proposed method for detecting polymer loss by sorption. Further evaluations showed that the proposed method is not limited to any specific combinations of polymers and soils. The proposed method will allow site engineers to have greater control over the properties of the fluids on site.
Photonic Doppler Velocimetry for Study of Rapid Penetration into Sand
Authors: Peden Robert , Omidvar Mehdi , Bless Stephan , Iskander Magued
Published: November 2013

Quantitative description of the interaction of high-speed projectiles with soils is important for many engineering applications, and provides insights into high strain rate constitutive behavior. In this paper, a novel method known as photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV), capable of producing time resolved velocity measurements, is adapted for the study of objects penetrating rapidly into sand. Fundamentals of PDV are described, and the applicability of the method is demonstrated by producing time-resolved velocity measurements of spherical projectiles penetrating Ottawa sand models at high velocities in the range of 300 m/s. Penetration tests demonstrate that PDV is capable of producing velocity measurements even after the penetrator has reached a depth well below the soil surface. Results of the tests confirmed that resistance to penetration increases as relative density of the sand deposit increases. Moreover, there appears to be a threshold penetration velocity in dense dry sand, below which resistance to penetration reduces considerably. A quantitative description of deceleration of penetrators in soils can be adequately provided for most of the penetration using a simple drag force model.
Reliability Implications in Wood Systems of a Bivariate Gaussian–Weibull Distribution and the Associated Univariate Pseudo-truncated Weibull
Authors: Verrill Steve P. , Evans James W. , Kretschmann David E. , Hatfield Cherilyn A.
Published: November 2013

Two important wood properties are the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR). In the past, the statistical distribution of the MOE has often been modeled as Gaussian, and that of the MOR as lognormal or as a two- or three-parameter Weibull distribution. It is well known that MOE and MOR are positively correlated. To model the simultaneous behavior of MOE and MOR for the purposes of wood system reliability calculations, we introduce a bivariate Gaussian–Weibull distribution and the associated univariate pseudo-truncated Weibull (PTW). We note that theoretical arguments suggest that the strength distributions of grades of lumber are likely to be PTW rather than Weibull. We describe a Web-based program that fits bivariate Gaussian–Weibull data sets (and thus fits PTW distributions to MOR data). We present data that demonstrate that strength distributions of visual grades of lumber are not Weibull and do display at least some of the characteristics of PTW data. Finally, we demonstrate via simulation that if we fit a Weibull distribution to PTW data (as is often done), we can obtain very poor estimates of probabilities of failure.
A Residual Mass Ballistic Testing Method to Compare Armor Materials or Components (Residual Mass Ballistic Testing Method)
Authors: Langhorst Benjamin , Lillo Thomas M. , Chu Henry S.
Published: November 2013

A statistics based ballistic test method is presented for use when comparing multiple groups of test articles of unknown relative ballistic perforation resistance. The method is intended to be more efficient than many traditional methods for research and development testing. To establish the validity of the method, it is employed in this study to compare test groups of known relative ballistic performance. Multiple groups of test articles were perforated using consistent projectiles and impact conditions. Test groups were made of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) plates and differed in thickness. After perforation, each residual projectile was captured behind the target and its mass was measured. The residual masses measured for each test group were analyzed to provide ballistic performance rankings with associated confidence levels. When compared to traditional V50 methods, the residual mass (RM) method was found to require fewer test events and be more tolerant of variations in impact conditions.
The Effect of Temperature on the Tear Behavior of Various Elastomers
Authors: Bafna Sudhir
Published: November 2013

The tear behavior of commercial butyl, EPDM, fluorosilicone, and two fluorocarbon elastomers, used for sealing applications, was studied at −40°C and +49°C. Measurements were made to study initiation and propagation behavior, using Die-C and Die-B, respectively, per ASTM D624. The behavior of tear strength, engineering strain, and energy per unit volume was studied. Tear strength for propagation was always higher than or equal to (within measurement error) that for initiation. Butyl showed the highest tear strength as well as elongation at break; hence, it also had the highest tear energy. The effect of post-cure on butyl is studied. Butyl which had not been post-cured showed unusually high elongation; this translates to the highest tear energy. Temperature is shown to have a major effect on the tear behavior but the magnitude of this effect is significantly different for different elastomers. The two fluorocarbons studied showed markedly different relative behavior at −40°C as compared to +49°C due to the difference in their glass transition temperatures. All torn surfaces of the test specimens after tear showed smooth and uniform surfaces, consistent with steady shearing; this was also consistent with the absence of “chatter” in the force signal. However, the tear direction (perpendicular to or at an angle to the displacement direction) did not show any simple correlation with other tear properties. The difference in behavior between EPDM and butyl rubbers (both with saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon backbones and both with carbon black filler) is elucidated.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Treatment of hirsutism in the polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Pasquali Renato , Gambineri Alessandra
Published: November 2013

Hirsutism is a common medical complaint among women of reproductive age, and it affects the majority of women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Increased rate of androgen production and its availability in tissue represent the main pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for hirsutism. In addition, androgens may be generated de novo in the hair follicle; therefore, circulating androgen levels do not quantify the real exposure of the hair follicle to androgens, as a quota is locally generated. Hirsutism is a clinical sign and not a disease in itself; its presence does not therefore necessarily require treatment, particularly in mild-to-moderate forms, and when an affected woman does not worry about it. Physicians should decide whether hirsutism is to be treated or not by evaluating not only the severity of the phenomenon but also the subjective perception of the patient, which does not necessarily correspond to the true extent of hair growth. In any case, a physician should manage a woman with hirsutism only on the basis of a diagnosis of the underlying cause, and after a clear explanation of the efficacy of each therapeutic choice. Cosmetic procedures and pharmacological intervention are commonly used in the treatment of hirsutism and are discussed in this paper. Importantly, there are different phenotypes of women with hirsutism and PCOS that may require specific attention in the choice of treatment. In particular, when obesity is present, lifestyle intervention should be always considered, and if necessary combined with pharmacotherapy.
Familial vs sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma: a matched-case comparative study showing similar clinical/prognostic behaviour
Authors: Pinto António E , Silva Giovani L , Henrique Rui , Menezes Francisco D , Teixeira Manuel R , Leite Valeriano , Cavaco Branca M
Published: November 2013

Objective

Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer has been proposed as an aggressive clinical entity. Our aim in this study is to investigate potential distinguishing features as well as the biological and clinical aggressiveness of familial vs sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We assessed clinicopathological characteristics, outcome measures and DNA ploidy.

Design

A matched-case comparative study.

Methods

A series of patients with familial PTC (n=107) and two subgroups, one with three or more affected elements (n=32) and another including index cases only (n=61), were compared with patients with sporadic PTC (n=107), matched by age, gender, pTNM disease extension and approximate follow-up duration. Histological variant, extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion, tumour multifocality and bilateral growth were evaluated. Ploidy pattern was analysed in available samples by DNA flow cytometry. The probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) method.

Results

No patient with familial PTC died of disease during follow-up (median, 72 months), contrarily to five patients (4.7%) (P=0.06) with sporadic PTC (median, 90 months). There was a significantly higher tumour multifocality in familial PTC (index cases subgroup) vs sporadic PTC (P=0.035), and a trend, in the familial PTC cohort with three or more affected elements, to show extrathyroidal extension (P=0.054) more frequently. No difference was observed in DNA ploidy status. The K–M analyses showed no significant differences between both entities in relation to DFS or OS.

Conclusion

Apart from multifocality, familial PTC appears to have similar clinical/prognostic behaviour when compared with sporadic forms of the disease.
O processo sucessório em propriedades de produtores de leite nos municípios de Coronel Xavier Chaves e Silveirânia, em Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Júlio César Mendes de , Fiúza Ana Louise de Carvalho , Pereira Cláudia Maria Miranda de Araújo , Amodeo Nora Beatriz Presno
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores que influenciam a presença de sucessores, em unidades familiares de produção de leite nos Municípios de Coronel Xavier Chaves e Silveirânia, em Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se, como referencial teórico, a influência dos valores tradicionais, e daqueles relacionados com a modernidade, no processo sucessório. Tomou-se, como hipótese, o fato de que o nível tecnológico, o tamanho da propriedade, o acesso ao crédito, a proximidade com o centro urbano e a escolaridade poderiam influenciar a presença do sucessor nas unidades produtoras de leite. Em termos de procedimentos metodológicos, trabalhou-se, nesta pesquisa, com a perspectiva comparativa entre produtores de leite de dois municípios mineiros que apresentavam níveis tecnológicos diferentes, entre si. Utilizou-se o método de levantamento com coleta de dados em campo, por meio da aplicação de 83 questionários semiestruturados a uma amostra de produtores de leite de caráter familiar. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes t, qui-quadrado e de regressão. Os resultados não confirmaram a hipótese de que o nível de tecnologia seria fator interveniente no processo sucessório entre produtores de leite, porém se confirmaram as outras quatro hipóteses.
Estrutura florestal em projeto de assentamento, comunidade São Mateus, município de Placas, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Renato Bezerra da Silva , Gama João Ricardo Vasconcellos , Martins Sebastião Venâncio , Moraes Arlete , Santos Clodoaldo Alcino Andrade dos , Carvalho Adenomar Neves de
Published: November 2013

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial e a estrutura florestal de uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa de terra firme, da Comunidade São Mateus, município de Placas, Pará. A avaliação foi realizada em dois tipos de ambiente, sendo, um, em Floresta Manejada (FM) e, outro, em Floresta Não Manejada (FNM). Foram alocadas 20 unidades amostrais, sendo nove em FM e 11 em FNM. Em cada unidade amostral, os indivíduos foram inventariados em três classes de tamanho (CT): CT1 - 10 cm < DAP < 30 cm (subparcelas de 50 m x 25 m); CT2 - 30 cm < DAP < 50 cm (50 m x 50 m); e CT3 - DAP > 50 cm (50 m x 200 m). As formas de utilização de todas as espécies arbóreas registradas foram verificadas por meio de entrevistas com assentados, no comércio, nas feiras livres e no mercado municipal de Santarém. Foram amostrados 472,6 árvores/ha na FM, distribuídas em 134 espécies e, na FNM, 508,0 árvores/ha, distribuídas em 146 espécies. As espécies de maior valor de importância nos dois tipos florestais foram: Licania kunthianamm Hook. f. (Chrysobalanaceae) e Mezilaurus itauba Taubert ex Mez (Lauraceae). As espécies que mais se destacaram com diferentes possibilidades de uso foram: Protium cf. heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae), Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae) e Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers (Caryocaraceae). Após quatro anos de colheitas, não ocorreu diferenciação estrutural entre FM e FNM.
Estimação da área foliar por método não destrutivo, utilizando medidas lineares das folhas de espécies de Passiflora
Authors: Morgado Marcos Antonio Dell'Orto , Bruckner Claudio Horst , Rosado Luciana Domiciano Silva , Assunção Welberth , Santos Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos
Published: November 2013

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, desenvolver uma equação confiável, que possibilite calcular a área foliar de forma rápida e não destrutiva, utilizando medidas lineares da folha, para as diferentes espécies de Passiflora (P. alata, P. coccinea, P. gibertii, P. ligularis, P. misera, P. mucronata, P. nitida, P. setacea). Foram coletadas trezentas folhas, de diferentes tamanhos, de cada espécie. Realizaram-se análises de regressão da área foliar versus comprimento da nervura principal, maior largura da folha e o produto destas. A área foliar foi medida com um dispositivo de medição automática e as medidas lineares foram determinadas utilizando-se régua. O modelo linear escolhido, para todas as espécies, foi o que utiliza o produto das variáveis independentes, por apresentar maior coeficiente de determinação (R²) e maior significância do coeficiente de regressão. Os modelos apresentaram coeficiente de determinação ajustado superior a 0,927 e índice de desempenho ótimo, segundo a classificação de Camargo e Sentelhas. No processo de validação do modelo, mostrou-se que a correlação da área foliar medida com a área foliar observada foi muito alta. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram que a área foliar das espécies de Passifloras podem ser preditas, usando-se as determinações do comprimento e da largura das folhas.
Amadurecimento e qualidade de ameixas 'Laetitia' tratadas com ácido salicílico e 1-metilciclopropeno
Authors: Hendges Marcos Vinícius , Steffens Cristiano André , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini , Tanaka Hélio
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de ácido salicílico (AS), isoladamente e em combinação com o 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), sobre o amadurecimento e a qualidade de ameixas 'Laetitia', armazenadas durante 40 dias, sob refrigeração (1 ± 0,1ºC / UR 92 ± 2%). Os tratamentos avaliados foram: controle; 1 mM de AS; 5 mM de AS; 10 mM de AS; e 5 mM de AS + 1-MCP (1 µL L-1). Nos frutos tratados com 10 mM de AS, verificou-se, após a saída da câmara, maior taxa de produção de etileno e incidência de manchas na epiderme, e, após três dias em condição ambiente, maior incidência de degenerescência de polpa. Em frutos tratados com 5 mM de AS, o 1-MCP proporcionou menor produção de etileno e menor incidência de degenerescência de polpa, maiores valores de atributos de textura, além de frutos menos vermelhos. O AS não apresenta efeito sobre a ocorrência de degenerescência da polpa e o amadurecimento de ameixas 'Laetitia', porém, provoca manchas na epiderme, em doses acima de 5 mM. Em frutos tratados com 5 mM de AS, a aplicação de 1-MCP atrasa o amadurecimento e mantém a qualidade da ameixa 'Laetitia'.
Yield and nutrition of sunflower fertilized with sewage sludge stabilized by different processes
Authors: Nascimento Altina Lacerda , Sampaio Regynaldo Arruda , Fernandes Luiz Arnaldo , Zuba Junio Geraldo Ribeiro , Carneiro João Paulo , Rodrigues Márcio Neves , Albuquerque Hermann Cruz de
Published: November 2013

The different methods of sewage sludge stabilization modify their physical chemical and biological properties, altering its efficiency when applied in agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient levels in soil and the yield of sunflower fertilized with sewage sludge stabilized by different processes. The experiment was conducted in Cambisol, with the treatments: control (without fertilization), fertilization with sewage sludge solarized, composted, vermicomposted, limed and chemical fertilizer recommended for sunflower crop. The experimental design a randomized block with four replications. The different methods of sewage sludge treatment did not affect the yield; however, the application of sewage sludge, regardless the stabilization process adopted, was more effective than chemical fertilizer and the control treatment. Overall, fertilization with limed sewage sludge provided higher soil nutrients concentrations, while treatments with composted and vermicomposted sewage sludge showed higher levels of nutrients in the plant.
Sugarcane productivity correlated with physical-chemical attributes to create soil management zone
Authors: Dalchiavon Flávio Carlos , Carvalho Morel de Passos e , Montanari Rafael , Andreotti Marcelo
Published: November 2013

The socioeconomic importance of sugar cane in Brazil is unquestionable because it is the raw material for the production of ethanol and sugar. The accurate spatial intervention in the management of the crop, resulting zones of soil management, increases productivity as well as its agricultural yields. The spatial and Person's correlations between sugarcane attributes and physico-chemical attributes of a Typic Tropustalf were studied in the growing season of 2009, in Suzanápolis, State of São Paulo, Brazil (20°28'10'' S lat.; 50°49'20'' W long.), in order to obtain the one that best correlates with agricultural productivity. Thus, the geostatistical grid with 120 sampling points was installed to soil and data collection in a plot of 14.6 ha with second crop sugarcane. Due to their substantial and excellent linear and spatial correlations with the productivity of the sugarcane, the population of plants and the organic matter content of the soil, by evidencing substantial correlations, linear and spatial, with the productivity of sugarcane, were indicators of management zones strongly attached to such productivity.
Uso da rapadura como meio nutritivo para cultivo in vitro de bananeira cv. Maçã
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Martins , Melo Natoniel Franklin de , Coelho Ângela Katiussia Nascimento dos Santos , Pinto Márcio dos Santos Teixeira
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da rapadura sobre o desenvolvimento, in vitro, de bananeira, cv. Maçã, visando à redução de custos de produção, por cultura de tecidos. Explantes de bananeira foram inoculados em meios nutritivos, formulados à base de rapadura, com quatro concentrações distintas (10, 25, 50 e 75% de solução de rapadura), e os dados obtidos foram comparados com aqueles das plantas cultivadas em meio MS 100% (controle), perfazendo um total de cinco tratamentos. Ao final de 60 dias, foram avaliados os números médios de folhas, brotos e raízes, bem como os números médios de explantes mortos e oxidados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para a maior parte dos parâmetros avaliados, exceto para o número médio de explantes oxidados, que foi maior no tratamento com 75% de rapadura. Concluiu-se que meios nutritivos com até 50% de rapadura em sua composição, sem reguladores vegetais, podem ser utilizados em substituição ao meio MS para o cultivo in vitro de bananeira.
Efeito da aplicação foliar de silicato de potássio e de fungicida na severidade da ferrugem da folha e da mancha amarela do trigo
Authors: Wordell Filho João Américo , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , Rodrigues Fabrício de Ávila
Published: November 2013

A ocorrência de doenças, como a ferrugem da folha (Puccinia triticina) e a mancha amarela (Drechslera tritici-repentis), pode reduzir a produtividade do trigo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de silicato de potássio (SP) e de fungicidas, no controle da ferrugem da folha e da mancha amarela, nos cultivares de trigo Safira e Quartzo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas e com quatro repetições. Os cultivares foram alocados nas parcelas e, nas subparcelas, os tratamentos: T1 - testemunha, T2 - fungicida (azoxistrobina 60 g i.a./ha + ciproconazol 24 g i.a./ha) foram aplicados nos estádios 45 (final da elongação) e 58 (espigamento); T3 - SP (40 g/L), aplicado nos estádios 45 e 58 ; T4 - SP (40 g/L), aplicado no estádio 45, e fungicida aplicado no estádio 58; T5 - hidróxido de potássio (6,5 g/L) foi aplicado nos estádios 45 e 58. O volume de calda utilizado para as pulverizações foi de 250 L/ha. As severidades da ferrugem da folha e da mancha amarela foram avaliadas, a partir dos sete dias, após a primeira pulverização de SP e de fungicida, e, depois, a cada semana, totalizando cinco avaliações. Os dados foram utilizados para calcular a área abaixo da curva do progresso da ferrugem da folha (AACPFF) e a área abaixo da curva do progresso da mancha amarela (AACPMA). O SP, nas doses e número de aplicações avaliadas, não foi eficiente na redução da AACPMA e da AACPFF, nos dois cultivares.
Antibacterial activity of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (carqueja) against bacteria of medical interest
Authors: Aleixo Álan Alex , Herrera Karina Marjorie Silva , Ribeiro Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja , Lima Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos , Ferreira Jaqueline Maria Siqueira
Published: November 2013

Baccharis trimera (Less.) (Asteraceae), popularly know as "carqueja", is a species commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment or prevention of diseases. In this context, the purpose of this work was to study the antibacterial activity of crude hydroalcoholic extract from Baccharis trimera against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli EHEC ATCC 43895, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430) of clinical interest. Antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated by broth microdilution assay following the CLSI (formerly the NCCLS) guidelines. The extract from B. trimera showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and the most interesting result was obtained against S. epidermidis that presented Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of 250μg/mL. These results indicate that B. trimera have bacterisostatic potential against Gram-positive bacterial strains of medical interest and could serve as a base for further studies on the use of isolated compounds from this species as future antimicrobials.
Atividade "in vitro" de extratos de Pycnoporus sanguineus e Lentinus crinitus sobre o fitopatógeno Fusarium sp
Authors: Figueiredo Ádrya , Silva Ademir Castro e
Published: November 2013

O controle alternativo de doenças de plantas tem como objetivo minimizar o impacto ambiental através da utilização de produtos naturais. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade in vitro de extrato aquoso e hidroalcoólico de Pycnoporus sanguineus e Lentinus crinitus contra Fusarium sp., conhecido por causar doenças das culturas. Os fungos foram coletados em áreas urbanas e rurais de Parintins-AM, e testados em diferentes concentrações de extratos, sendo avaliadas a inibição de crescimento micelial, a inibição da germinação de conídios e a inibição da germinação de esclerócios. Os melhores resultados de inibição do crescimento micelial foram obtidos com extratos hidroalcoólicos frios. Extratos de P. sanguineus obtidos em solvente hidroalcoólico frio e extrato aquoso ultrassônico e extrato de L. crinitus de solvente hidroalcoólico frio, inibiram mais de 92% da esporulação de conídios. Extratos aquosos quentes inibiram a germinação de escleródios, bem como o extrato de P. sanguineus hidroalcoólico frio. O consórcio dos fungos inibiram a germinação de escleródios em 1000 µg mL-1.
Taxonomia atualizada de Amanoa (Phyllanthaceae) no Brasil
Authors: Secco Ricardo de Souza , Campos Jefferson de Melo , Hiura Alice de Lima
Published: November 2013

Amanoa tem distribuição pantropical, com centro de diversidade na Amazônia, e ainda não recebeu uma revisão recente. Este trabalho tem como objetivo atualizar a taxonomia deste gênero, enfatizando as espécies ocorrentes no Brasil. Analisou-se coleções depositadas em herbários nacionais e estrangeiros, pelo método de dissecção das partes vegetativas e reprodutivas em estereomicroscópio, seguido-se descrição e ilustração do material. Estudou-se as seguintes espécies: A. almerindae, A. congesta, A. cupatensis, A. glaucophylla., A. gracillima, A. guianensis, A. nanayensis, A. neglecta, A. oblongifolia, A. pubescens e A. sinuosa. Amanoa pubescens é restabelecida e ilustrada pela primeira vez. A flor pistilada e a ilustração de A. glaucophylla são apresentadas pela primeira vez, bem como a flor estaminada de A. almerindae, a flor pistilada de A. oblongifolia, e o botão e a flor pistilada de A. sinuosa. Novas ocorrências: Amanoa almerindae para o Pará, Amanoa cupatensis para o Acre, A. glaucophylla para Pernambuco e Bahia, A. guianensis para Pernambuco e Sergipe, A. neglecta para o Brasil (Amapá), A. oblongifolia para o Acre e Bahia, A. pubescens para o Brasil (Amazonas) e A. sinuosa para o Amapá e Pará. Registra-se presença de monoicismo em A. glaucophylla.
Melastomataceae em formações costeiras de restingas no Pará, Brasil
Authors: Lima Laíce Fernanda Gomes de , Santos João Ubiratan Moreira dos , Rosário Alessandro Silva do , Baumgratz José Fernando Andrade
Published: November 2013

Restingas são ambientes constituídos de um complexo de comunidades de plantas ocorrendo sobre planícies arenosas costeiras quaternárias de influência marinha. A Amazônia brasileira é o segundo bioma de maior riqueza de Melastomataceae no país, o qual está representado por 47 gêneros e 487 espécies. O presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a diversidade de Melastomataceae nas diferentes formações vegetacionais que compõem a paisagem das restingas no Pará. Foi realizado levantamento de coleções herborizadas nos herbários IAN (Herbário da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisas Agropecuárias) e MG (Herbário do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi), e coletas nos municípios de Bragança, Maracanã e Marapanim. Apresenta-se o tratamento taxonômico com descrições, ilustrações, dados de distribuição geográfica, chave de identificação para as espécies e comentários sobre particularidades morfológicas. A família está representada por 10 espécies nas restingas do Pará, a conhecer: Acisanthera bivalvis, A. crassipes, Comolia villosa, Miconia alata, Mouriri brachyantera, M. guianensis, Nepsera aquatica, Pterolepis trichotoma, Rhynchanthera serrulata e Tibouchina aspera. Tais espécies ocorrem pricipalmente em Brejos Herbáceos, Campos entre Dunas, Dunas, Campos Arbustivos Abertos e Matas de Restinga. Miconia alata representa um novo registro para o ambiente de restinga no Pará. As restingas dos municípios de Maracanã e Marapanim concentram 80% das espécies estudadas. Através deste trabalho foi possível reconhecer que nenhuma delas pode ser caracterizada como exclusiva, pois todas são encontradas em outros ecossistemas ou formações vegetacionais do país.
Photosynthetic parameters and growth in seedlings of Bertholletia excelsa and Carapa guianensis in response to pre-acclimation to full sunlight and mild water stress
Authors: Azevedo Gracilene Fernandes da Costa
Published: November 2013

Light and water are important factors that may limit the growth and development of higher plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate photosynthetic parameters and growth in seedlings of Bertholletia excelsa and Carapa guianensis in response to pre-acclimation to full sunlight and mild water stress. I used six independent pre-acclimation treatments (0, 90 (11h15-12h45), 180 (10h30-13h30), 360 (09h00-15h00), 540 (07h30-16h30) and 720 min (06h00-18h00)) varying the time of exposure to full sunlight (PFS) during 30 days, followed by whole-day outdoor exposure for 120 days. Before PFS, the plants were kept in a greenhouse at low light levels (0.8 mol m-2 day-1). The PFS of 0 min corresponded to plants constantly kept under greenhouse conditions. From the beginning to the end of the experiment, each PFS treatment was submitted to two water regimes: moderate water stress (MWS, pre-dawn leaf water potential (ΨL) of -500 to -700 kPa) and without water stress (WWS, ΨL of -300 kPa, soil kept at field capacity). Plants under MWS received only a fraction of the amount of water applied to the well-watered ones. At the end of the 120-day-period under outdoor conditions, I evaluated light saturated photosynthesis (Amax), stomatal conductance (g s), transpiration (E) and plant growth. Both Amax and g s were higher for all plants under the PFS treatment. Stem diameter growth rate and Amax were higher for C. guianensis subjected to MWS than in well-watered plants. The contrary was true for B. excelsa. The growth of seedlings was enhanced by exposure to full sunlight for 180 minutes in both species. However, plants of B. excelsa were sensitive to moderate water stress. The higher photosynthetic rates and faster growth of C. guianensis under full sun and moderate water stress make this species a promissory candidate to be tested in reforestation programs.
Densidade da madeira de árvores em savanas do norte da Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Jati Sewbert Rodrigues , Fearnside Philip Martin , Barbosa Reinaldo Imbrozio
Published: November 2013

Densidade da madeira (DM) é uma variável importante para estimativas de estoques de carbono arbóreo em ecossistemas terrestres. Este tema é pobremente investigado em áreas de savana da Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a DM das oito principais espécies arbóreas que ocorrem na savana aberta de Roraima, a maior área de savana do norte do bioma Amazônia. Foram verificadas as variações na DM em função da espécie e dos diferentes diâmetros observados ao longo da dimensão vertical de 75 indivíduos amostrados em seis sítios de coleta. Foi utilizado o método direto para obtenção de peças de madeira do fuste e da copa. Os resultados indicaram discrepância significativa interespecífica, sendo Roupala montana Aubl. a espécie de maior DM média (0,674 g cm-3). Foi detectado que existe variação significativa da DM entre as peças do fuste e da copa, independente da espécie e do sítio de coleta. A densidade da madeira de peças da copa com diâmetro entre 5 e 10 cm pode ser utilizada como preditora da DM média do indivíduo arbóreo. Nós concluimos que a DM das oito espécies arbóreas investigadas possui variabilidade interespecífica, com discrepâncias entre a DM do fuste e das partes lenhosas da copa. As distinções aqui detectadas devem ser considerados como uma importante ferramenta para melhorar as estimativas de estoque de carbono em áreas de savanas na Amazônia.