bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Optimization of a Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System Based on Phase Change Material and Air Convection
Authors: Swamy Kundrapu Ayyappa , Verma Saket
Published: September 2024

This work presents the design and optimization of a phase change material (PCM)-based hybrid battery thermal management system (HBTMS). In the first stage, experiments are performed to measure the battery cell temperatures under various charge rates with and without the usage of PCM. Thereafter, a numerical model is developed to conduct a parametric study on the effect of the thickness of PCM layer around the battery cell. The results show that with the PCM thicknesses of 6–12 mm, the maximum cell temperature (36.35 °C) and thermal nonuniformity are within the safe range. In the second stage, a parametric study is conducted in the 6S1P battery module to optimize the spacing between the cells at constant inlet velocity. The result shows that an increase in cell spacing decreases the maximum temperature within the cells. The maximum temperature is within the optimal range when the cell spacing is 10 mm. At the constant cell spacing of 10 mm, an increase in inlet velocities from 0.25 m/s to 2.5 m/s gradually improves the thermal uniformity. The maximum temperature and thermal nonuniformity for the 6S1P battery module are found to be 42.07 °C and 1.17 °C respectively. In the third stage, the 6S1P battery module is optimized for PCM thickness, cell spacing, and inlet air velocity. It is found that effective thermal management is possible with PCM-based HBTMS at a low airflow rate of up to 1.5 m/s. The optimized PCM-based HBTMS shows 53.95% and 40% reductions in PCM mass and air flowrate, respectively.
Prediction and optimization of wet bulb efficiency in solar energy-based novel evaporative cooling system: Response Surface Method Approach
Authors: Tripathi Ram Ji , Kumar Devesh
Published: September 2024

The wet bulb efficiency is an essential parameter in performance of Indirect evaporative cooling systems, as it impacts efficiently cool air while minimizing energy usage. This paper focuses on model and optimize multi tubular type wet channel for indirect evaporative cooler system. The optimized wet bulb efficiency based on Box-Behnken experimental design model and response surface method. The methodology included predicting and optimizing input process and working flow parameters of indirect evaporative cooling system to maximize wet bulb efficiency. A quadratic model of response surface method was used to evaluate influence of each factor on wet bulb efficiency, which was validated through analysis of variance results. The study found a maximum WBE of 89.65% under specific conditions, with a relative error of 3.25% between predicted and experimental result. This optimization process, governed by RSM, determined essential parameters for enhancing efficiency of system. These parameters include inlet process temperature of 28°C, working air velocity of 3.5 m/s, relative humidity of 45%, and inlet working air temperature of 24°C. These results demonstrate practical significance of current research, providing useful insights for optimal design and optimization of indirect evaporative cooling systems to fulfil cooling requirements while minimising energy consumption.
Assessment of Additive Manufactured Micro-Channel Characteristics: Impact of Hydraulic Diameter Evaluation
Authors: Bacci Tommaso , Picchi Alessio , Castelli Niccolò , Facchini Bruno , Morante Francesco , Innocenti Luca
Published: September 2024

Among internal cooling techniques for gas turbines components, skin cooling is recognized as one of the most promising, especially thanks to the spread of additive manufacturing techniques. In this regard, several studies have tried to characterize heat transfer and pressure loss performance of additive manufactured micro-channels, as well as the impact of AM characteristic parameters, mainly in the form of building angle, and resulting surface roughness and channel shape. The open literature offers several correlations in terms of friction and heat transfer coefficient using a representative hydraulic diameter. Despite that, little attention is given on the importance of such characteristic length definition which may lead to under/over estimation of the cooling rates when correlations are used in the design In this work, coupons featuring circular micro-channelswith diameters of 0.5 and 1 mm and different building angles have been tested, to retrieve pressure losses and an average heat transfer coefficient through a lumped approach. The coupons were additive manufactured using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technique. Exploiting the experimental survey, the impact of the considered hydraulic diameter was investigated, by comparing different approaches based on a direct measurement. An additional and new approach, aimed at the identification of an “effective” diameter, based on fluid-dynamic considerations, was also considered. The data correlation and the comparison with available correlations from different authors showed the newly proposed approach to provide superior scaling capabilities and, in turn, allowing for the development of more accurate prediction methods
Shape Optimization of a Threaded Plastic Bottle-Cap Connection by FEM Based on Measured Non-Linear Material Law
Authors: Elinger István , Váradi Károly
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an effort to minimise the mass of a threaded plastic cap of a plastic bottle while the load carrying capacity is kept on the same level or it is also reduced. Finite Element Analysis with axisymmetric and contact element is used to evaluate the weak points of the plastic bottle and plastic cap connection. To obtain more realistic results non-linear elastic material law, the friction coefficient and the loosening torque were determined through tests. By theoretical investigation the number of mated threads was reduced and the related outer geometric shape was also modified producing all together about 39% reduction in mass and parallel to it about 10% increase in the load carrying capacity. Results of this theoretical investigation are in close correlation with everyday experiences as the attached photo of a typically damaged cap testifies it.
Toward a Comprehensive Professional Philosophy in Performance and Well-Being Psychology: Integrating Functional Contextualism and Relational Frame Theory for Esports and Other High-Performance Environments
Authors: Horne George , Swettenham Laura
Published: September 2024

Performance psychology practitioners use a wide range of theories and interventions to improve performance and well-being. Often, however, practitioners do not integrate these theories into a model of practice underpinned by a theory of behavior. Without this foundation, performance programs become patchwork approaches where it is often unclear whether different interventions within a performance program work together or contradict each other. To address this issue, we present a model of behavior based on functional contextualism and relational frame theory. We then use this model as a framework to integrate mainstream performance psychology and psychophysiology theory in line with acceptance-based third-wave cognitive behavioral approaches to improve performance alongside well-being, not at the expense of well-being. Specifically, this includes interventions which promote experiential acceptance, and excludes interventions which promote experiential avoidance. With this framework, we hope to support practitioners, students, and educators by illustrating how different theories can and cannot be integrated in their own practice. Examples are predominantly taken from esports literature. However, the model and philosophy presented is applicable to all high-performance domains. We end this article by proposing questions to develop performance psychology philosophy inside and outside of esports.
“I Use Technologies Strategically With My Family Now”: Practices That Parents Value to Promote Physical Activity in Young Children
Authors: Zabatiero Juliana , Stone Laura , McCormack Derek , Zarb David , Nolan Andrea , Highfield Kate , Skouteris Helen , Edwards Susan , Straker Leon
Published: September 2024

Background: Although widely accessible digital technology (DT) provided multiple opportunities for young children’s play, learning, and development, it also raised parents and professionals’ concerns regarding its impact on children’s physical activity. This study aimed to identify practices involving DT that were valued by parents in helping their young child to be physically active. Methods: Participants were parents of ambulatory young children (less than 5 y of age) engaged with a playgroup. The study involved representatives from 3 service organizations, who compiled a list of digital resources related to using DT to promote children’s physical activity that were suitable to be shared and trialed by parents and young children. During a pretrial workshop, researchers, participants, and organization representatives collaboratively developed the intervention, which involved the delivery of selected resources by weekly email, over a 12-week period. Participants provided weekly feedback about their experiences and participated in a postintervention semistructured qualitative interview. Results: Thirteen families, with children aged between 15 and 36 months, completed the trial. Participants reported several valued practices to promote their children’s physical activity, including those where the child was active while engaging with DT, where child engagement with DT acted as a prompt for later physical activity, where DT assisted parents in planning physical activity, where DT assisted parents in integrating movement with learning and play, and where DT was used to reinforce the child’s enthusiasm for physical activity. Conclusions: Parents reported several valued practices where children were physically active, rather than sedentary, while using digital technology.
Use of Knowledge Translation Action Framework to Improve Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Outcomes in Concussion Management
Authors: Bliss Rebecca A. , Holland Lindsay , Fields Caitlin , Stock Kayley
Published: September 2024

Context: Translating new evidence into clinical practice is a dynamic and iterative process. Research is ever evolving specific to concussion rehabilitation and requires a systematic approach rooted in science for translation into clinical practice. The knowledge-to-action (KTA) cycle framework is an effective strategy to ensure optimal outcomes and sustainability. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in clinical outcomes and clinician self-efficacy specific to concussion management in a suburban health care system utilizing the KTA framework. Design: Pretraining and posttraining intervention study. Methods: Rehabilitation professionals were electronically surveyed pre–post targeted concussion educational intervention. Questions were adapted from the General Self-Efficacy scale and tailored specifically to confidence in current concussion management. Retrospective chart reviews were also completed pre–post knowledge translation educational intervention to examine practice patterns. Data from the presurvey and retrospective chart review were utilized to identify the know–do gap and design intentional educational interventions. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing SPSS (version 28). Results: Within-group differences revealed an increase in confidence with evaluation (P = .01), intervention (P = .01), and consultation (P = .01) in concussion management. When comparing physical therapists who participated in the intervention with those who did not, there was significantly higher self-confidence in all areas (P ≤ .001) for those who engaged in the educational intervention. Pre–post chart reviews revealed improvement in clinical practice patterns in the following constructs: use of patient-reported outcome measures (P ≤ .001), objective outcome measures (P = .002), exertional testing (P ≤ .001), completion of comprehensive evaluation (P ≤ .001), and use of evidence-based practice (P ≤ .001). Conclusions: Utilizing the KTA framework resulted in improved self-efficacy of clinicians as well as improved clinical practice patterns in concussion management in an outpatient hospital-based practice. The KTA framework is a potential tool for translating current evidence related to concussion management for improved clinical outcomes.
The brassinosteroid receptor gene
BRI1
safeguards cell-autonomous brassinosteroid signaling across tissues
Authors: Blanco-Touriñán Noel , Rana Surbhi , Nolan Trevor M. , Li Kunkun , Vukašinović Nemanja , Hsu Che-Wei , Russinova Eugenia , Hardtke Christian S.
Published: September 2024

Brassinosteroid signaling is essential for plant growth as exemplified by the dwarf phenotype of loss-of-function mutants in
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1
(
BRI1
), a ubiquitously expressed Arabidopsis brassinosteroid receptor gene. Complementation of brassinosteroid-blind receptor mutants by
BRI1
expression with various tissue-specific promoters implied that local brassinosteroid signaling may instruct growth non–cell autonomously. Here, we performed such rescues with a panel of receptor variants and promoters, in combination with tissue-specific transgene knockouts. Our experiments demonstrate that brassinosteroid receptor expression in several tissues is necessary but not sufficient for rescue. Moreover, complementation with tissue-specific promoters requires the genuine
BRI1
gene body sequence, which confers ubiquitous expression of trace receptor amounts that are sufficient to promote brassinosteroid-dependent root growth. Our data, therefore, argue for a largely cell-autonomous action of brassinosteroid receptors.
B cells drive neuropathic pain–related behaviors in mice through IgG–Fc gamma receptor signaling
Authors: Lacagnina Michael J. , Willcox Kendal F. , Boukelmoune Nabila , Bavencoffe Alexis , Sankaranarayanan Ishwarya , Barratt Daniel T. , Zuberi Younus A. , Dayani Dorsa , Chavez Melissa V. , Lu Jonathan T. , Farinotti Alex Bersellini , Shiers Stephanie , Barry Allison M. , Mwirigi Juliet M. , Tavares-Ferreira Diana , Funk Geoffrey A. , Cervantes Anna M. , Svensson Camilla I. , Walters Edgar T. , Hutchinson Mark R. , Heijnen Cobi J. , Price Theodore J. , Fiore Nathan T. , Grace Peter M.
Published: September 2024

Neuroimmune interactions are essential for the development of neuropathic pain, yet the contributions of distinct immune cell populations have not been fully unraveled. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of B cells in promoting mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia) after peripheral nerve injury in male and female mice. Depletion of B cells with a single injection of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody at the time of injury prevented the development of allodynia. B cell–deficient (muMT) mice were similarly spared from allodynia. Nerve injury was associated with increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) accumulation in ipsilateral lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and dorsal spinal cords. IgG was colocalized with sensory neurons and macrophages in DRGs and microglia in spinal cords. IgG also accumulated in DRG samples from human donors with chronic pain, colocalizing with a marker for macrophages and satellite glia. RNA sequencing revealed a B cell population in naive mouse and human DRGs. A B cell transcriptional signature was enriched in DRGs from human donors with neuropathic pain. Passive transfer of IgG from injured mice induced allodynia in injured muMT recipient mice. The pronociceptive effects of IgG are likely mediated through immune complexes interacting with Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) expressed by sensory neurons, microglia, and macrophages, given that both mechanical allodynia and hyperexcitability of dissociated DRG neurons were abolished in nerve-injured FcγR-deficient mice. Consistently, the pronociceptive effects of IgG passive transfer were lost in FcγR-deficient mice. These data reveal that a B cell–IgG–FcγR axis is required for the development of neuropathic pain in mice.
mRNA localization and thylakoid protein biogenesis in the filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium
Anabaena
sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Wang Kexin , Mahbub Moontaha , Mastroianni Giulia , Valladares Ana , Mullineaux Conrad W.
Published: September 2024

Heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria such as
Anabaena
(
Nostoc
) sp. PCC 7120 exhibit extensive remodeling of their thylakoid membranes during heterocyst differentiation. Here we investigate the sites of translation of thylakoid membrane proteins in
Anabaena
vegetative cells and developing heterocysts, using mRNA fluorescent
in situ
hybridization (FISH) to detect the location of specific mRNA species. We probed mRNAs encoding reaction center core components and the heterocyst-specific terminal oxidases Cox2 and Cox3. As in unicellular cyanobacteria, the mRNAs encoding membrane-integral thylakoid proteins are concentrated in patches at the inner face of the thylakoid membrane system, adjacent to the central cytoplasm. These patches mark the putative sites of translation and membrane insertion of these proteins. Oxidase activity in mature heterocysts is concentrated in the specialized “honeycomb” regions of the thylakoid membranes close to the cell poles. However,
cox2
and
cox3
mRNAs remain evenly distributed over the inner face of the thylakoids, implying that oxidase proteins migrate extensively after translation to reach their destination in the honeycomb membranes. The RNA-binding protein RbpG is the closest
Anabaena
homolog of Rbp3 in the unicellular cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803, which we previously showed to be crucial for the correct location of photosynthetic mRNAs. An
rbpG
null mutant shows decreased cellular levels of photosynthetic mRNAs and photosynthetic complexes, coupled with perturbations to thylakoid membrane organization and lower efficiency of the Photosystem II repair cycle. This suggests that the chaperoning of photosynthetic mRNAs by RbpG is important for the correct coordination of thylakoid protein translation and assembly.

IMPORTANCE

Cyanobacteria have a complex thylakoid membrane system which is the site of the photosynthetic light reactions as well as most of the respiratory activity in the cell. Protein targeting to the thylakoids and the spatial organization of thylakoid protein biogenesis remain poorly understood. Further complexity is found in some filamentous cyanobacteria that produce heterocysts, specialized nitrogen-fixing cells in which the thylakoid membranes undergo extensive remodeling. Here we probe mRNA locations to reveal thylakoid translation sites in a heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium. We identify an RNA-binding protein important for the correct co-ordination of thylakoid protein translation and assembly, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of mRNA fluorescent
in situ
hybridization (FISH) as a way to probe cell-specific gene expression in multicellular cyanobacteria.
Architectural organization and
in situ
fusion protein structure of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Authors: Kang Joon S. , Zhou Kang , Wang Hui , Tang Sijia , Lyles Kristin Van Mouwerik , Luo Ming , Zhou Z. Hong
Published: September 2024

Arenaviruses exist globally and can cause hemorrhagic fever and neurological diseases, exemplified by the zoonotic pathogen lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The structures of individual LCMV proteins or their fragments have been reported, but the architectural organization and the nucleocapsid assembly mechanism remain elusive. Importantly, the
in situ
structure of the arenavirus fusion protein complex (glycoprotein complex, GPC) as present on the virion prior to fusion, particularly with its integral stable signal peptide (SSP), has not been shown, hindering efforts such as structure-based vaccine design. Here, we have determined the
in situ
structure of LCMV proteins and their architectural organization in the virion by cryogenic electron tomography. The tomograms reveal the global distribution of GPC, matrix protein Z, and the contact points between the viral envelope and nucleocapsid. Subtomogram averaging yielded the
in situ
structure of the mature GPC with its transmembrane domain intact, revealing the GP2-SSP interface and the endodomain of GP2. The number of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L molecules packaged within each virion varies, adding new perspectives to the infection mechanism. Together, these results delineate the structural organization of LCMV and offer new insights into its mechanism of LCMV maturation, egress, and cell entry.

IMPORTANCE

The impact of COVID-19 on public health has highlighted the importance of understanding zoonotic pathogens. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a rodent-borne human pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever. Herein, we describe the
in situ
structure of LCMV proteins and their architectural organization on the viral envelope and around the nucleocapsid. The virion structure reveals the distribution of the surface glycoprotein complex (GPC) and the contact points between the viral envelope and the underlying matrix protein, as well as the association with the nucleocapsid. The morphology and sizes of virions, as well as the number of RNA polymerase L inside each virion vary greatly, highlighting the fast-changing nature of LCMV. A comparison between the
in situ
GPC trimeric structure and prior ectodomain structures identifies the transmembrane and endo domains of GPC and key interactions among its subunits. The work provides new insights into LCMV assembly and informs future structure-guided vaccine design.
The GPI sidechain of
Toxoplasma gondii
inhibits parasite pathogenesis
Authors: Alvarez Julia A. , Gas-Pascual Elisabet , Malhi Sahil , Sánchez-Arcila Juan C. , Njume Ferdinand Ngale , van der Wel Hanke , Zhao Yanlin , García-López Laura , Ceron Gabriella , Posada Jasmine , Souza Scott P. , Yap George S. , West Christopher M. , Jensen Kirk D. C.
Published: September 2024

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are highly conserved anchors for eukaryotic cell surface proteins. The apicomplexan parasite,
Toxoplasma gondii
, is a widespread intracellular parasite of warm-blooded animals whose plasma membrane is covered with GPI-anchored proteins, and free GPIs called GIPLs. While the glycan portion is conserved, species differ in sidechains added to the triple mannose core. The functional significance of the Glcα1,4GalNAcβ1- sidechain reported in
Toxoplasma gondii
has remained largely unknown without understanding its biosynthesis. Here we identify and disrupt two glycosyltransferase genes and confirm their respective roles by serology and mass spectrometry. Parasites lacking the sidechain on account of deletion of the first glycosyltransferase, PIGJ, exhibit increased virulence during primary and secondary infections, suggesting it is an important pathogenesis factor. Cytokine responses, antibody recognition of GPI-anchored SAGs, and complement binding to PIGJ mutants are intact. By contrast, the scavenger receptor CD36 shows enhanced binding to PIGJ mutants, potentially explaining a subtle tropism for macrophages detected early in infection. Galectin-3, which binds GIPLs, exhibits an enhancement of binding to PIGJ mutants, and the protection of galectin-3 knockout mice from lethality suggests that Δ
pigj
parasite virulence in this context is sidechain dependent. Parasite numbers are not affected by Δ
pigj
early in the infection in wild-type mice, suggesting a breakdown of tolerance. However, increased tissue cysts in the brains of mice infected with Δ
pigj
parasites indicate an advantage over wild-type strains. Thus, the GPI sidechain of
T. gondii
plays a crucial and diverse role in regulating disease outcomes in the infected host.

IMPORTANCE

The functional significance of sidechain modifications to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor in parasites has yet to be determined because the glycosyltransferases responsible for these modifications have not been identified. Here we present identification and characterization of both
Toxoplasmsa gondii
GPI sidechain-modifying glycosyltransferases. Removal of the glycosyltransferase that adds the first GalNAc to the sidechain results in parasites without a sidechain on the GPI, and increased host susceptibility to infection. Loss of the second glycosyltransferase results in a sidechain with GalNAc alone, and no glucose added, and has negligible effect on disease outcomes. This indicates GPI sidechains are fundamental to host-parasite interactions.
Fine-scale genomic analysis of the tree endophyte
Annulohypoxylon
sp. FPYF3050 producing monoterpene 1,8-cineole
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Dou Guiming , Yan Dong-Hui
Published: September 2024

1,8-Cineole has a potential in control crop pests and biofuels. The endophytic fungus,
Annulohypoxylon
sp. FPYF3050 (
Neolitsea pulchella
), can produce over 90% 1,8-cineole of relative area in its natural volatiles, possessed nematicide properties. The annotated genome of this strain will provide insights into potential application in biofumigation and terpene-based advanced biofuel.
Polymicrobial methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
bloodstream infections
Authors: Escalona Angelica , Hayashi Emi , Evans Michelle , van Bakel Harm , Alburquerque Bremy , Dupper Amy C. , McBride Russell , Altman Deena R.
Published: September 2024

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious public health concern. At times, MRSA is isolated from the blood along with other pathogens, the significance and consequences of which are not well described. This study aims to outline the clinical characteristics and outcomes of those with polymicrobial MRSA BSI compared with those with monomicrobial MRSA BSI. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of those with and without polymicrobial MRSA BSI from 2014 to 2022 at a single quaternary care center in New York City. Risk factors and outcomes for polymicrobial MRSA BSI were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Of 559 patients with MRSA BSI during the study period, 49 (9%) had polymicrobial MRSA BSI. Gram-positive
Enterococcus
(23%) was the most common co-pathogen. The presence of urinary (
P
= 0.02) and gastrointestinal (
P
< 0.01) devices was significantly associated with polymicrobial MRSA BSI. Polymicrobial MRSA BSI was associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission after BSI (
P
= 0.01). Mortality did not differ. While polymicrobial MRSA BSI is relatively uncommon, it complicates an already complex clinical scenario of MRSA BSI.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus aureus
is a common human pathogen associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. Although clinically observed, little is known about the impact of polymicrobial staphylococcal bloodstream infection. This study evaluates polymicrobial methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
bloodstream infection (BSI), highlighting the increased risk of intensive care unit admission and impact on morbidity. Identifying risk factors for polymicrobial BSI, such as the presence of specific devices, can aid in early recognition and targeted interventions. Clarifying the risks and outcomes of polymicrobial infections can lead to strategies to minimize and manage these infections and explore the potential interactions between pathogens.
Seroprotection against tetanus in HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants in Malawi in 2019–2020
Authors: Baroncelli Silvia , Galluzzo Clementina Maria , Orlando Stefano , Luhanga Richard , Mphwere Robert , Kavalo Thom , Amici Roberta , Floridia Marco , Andreotti Mauro , Ciccacci Fausto , Marazzi Maria Cristina , Giuliano Marina
Published: September 2024

In Malawi, tetanus toxoid vaccination (TTV) is recommended in pregnancy, but few studies have assessed the prevalence of infant seroprotection against tetanus. Anti-TT levels from 84 6-week-old infants, born in 2019–2020 to mothers living with HIV (HEU: HIV-exposed-uninfected) infants and to HIV-negative women (HUU: HIV-unexposed-uninfected) infants were determined by ELISA assay. Although 94% of the infants (HEU=94.8%, HUU=92.3%) showed protective levels (>0.1 IU/mL), the mean titers observed (0.51 IU/mL) suggest an incomplete compliance with TT vaccination. The only factor positively correlated to anti-TT IgG levels was the duration of maternal antiretroviral therapy in HEU.
Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in paediatrics: retrospective controlled study assessing a multifaceted intervention in Northern Italy in a 7-year period
Authors: Corsini Romina , Manzotti Romano , Zini Annalisa , Mezzadri Sergio , Massari Marco , Formoso Giulio
Published: September 2024

Background

Academic detailing, audit and feedback, and peer comparison have been advocated as effective ways to promote appropriateness of prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). This study explored the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention aimed at supporting the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in paediatrics.

Methods

Over the course of 7 years, all 89 paediatricians of the Local Health Authority (LHA) of Reggio Emilia (530 000 residents) were provided with scientific literature focused on antimicrobial resistance and the appropriateness of use of specific antibiotics, together with local data on antimicrobial resistance and prescribing reports comparing each paediatrician with colleagues in the same district and with local averages. Prescribing rates of specific target antibiotics/classes of antibiotics were evaluated by comparing Reggio-Emilia with the other seven LHAs of the Emilia-Romagna Region (control area), adjusting for prescriptions during a 2-year baseline period.

Results

A significant increase in the rate of amoxicillin prescriptions (91 more per 1000 children/year) was observed in the intervention area compared with the control area along with a significant reduction in the rate of amoxicillin+clavulanate prescriptions (70 fewer per 1000 children/year) and a significant increase in the ratio of their prescription rates. No differences were observed in cephalosporin and macrolide prescription rates and overall antibiotic prescriptions.

Conclusions

Improvements in prescribing appropriateness were observed. This study confirms the importance of an audit and feedback approach through small group meetings supported by scientific literature, local resistance data and prescribing reports. Such approach should always be considered as part of multifaceted interventions to promote AMS.
General practice preconception care invitations: a qualitative study of women’s acceptability and preferences
Authors: Withanage Nishadi Nethmini , James Sharon , Botfield Jessica , Black Kirsten , Wong Jeana , Mazza Danielle
Published: September 2024

Background

In general practice, primary care providers can potentially use electronic medical records (EMRs) to identify and invite reproductive-aged women with preconception health risk factors to increase their engagement in preconception care (PCC). However, the acceptability of receiving PCC invitations and women’s preferences about the invitation process are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate women’s acceptability and preferences for receiving PCC invitations from general practice settings.

Methods

Participants were recruited via convenience, purposive and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom from August until November 2023. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductive reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken.

Results

PCC invitations sent from general practice are acceptable if the language is sensitive and non-stigmatising. Text or email invitations detailing the importance and scope of the PCC consultation were preferred, after discussing reproductive intentions with a general practitioner or practice nurse. Women with preconception health risk factors or those actively trying to conceive were more likely to engage in PCC. Key strategies to enhance PCC engagement include advertising in waiting rooms, introducing PCC in new patient registration forms, and integrating PCC into holistic care.

Conclusion

Using EMRs to identify and invite women with preconception health risk factors to increase their engagement in PCC is generally acceptable. Invitations sent via text messages or emails are preferred. It is crucial to use respectful and appropriate language to avoid stigmatising or offending women, particularly those with infertility issues, those who have completed their families, or those who do not wish to have children.
Professional development scheme: a tool to measure health research competencies in healthcare professionals
Authors: Bilardi Davide , Rapa Elizabeth , Shah Kehkashan , Zeeshan Salvia , Baker Bonny Louise , Lang Trudie
Published: September 2024

Significant investments have been made in health research capacity development (HRCD) initiatives focusing on individual professionals and institutional frameworks. However, prevailing approaches often prioritise specific research projects over explicit strategies for strengthening the capacities of health research professionals (HRPs) particularly in low and middle-income countries. Despite recognition of its limitations, this implicit approach persists resulting in a lack of effective HRCD strategies. Additionally, the absence of globally standardised mechanisms for evaluating HRCD initiatives makes it more complex to define clear success benchmarks for these initiatives. Evaluations of HRCD strategies predominantly focus on pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments of specific interventions often neglecting the broader context of capacity development. Consequently, there is an imperative for a more systematic approach to measuring HRCD, particularly at the individual level.

This paper describes the design and the scope of the Professional Development Scheme (PDS), a tool designed to quantify HRCD among HRPs. Structured across four core sections including professional experiences, qualifications and the self-evaluation of 325 key competencies, the PDS allows users to generate evidence of existing strengths and possible areas of improvement in their research skills. Profile submissions undergo rigorous moderation to ensure fidelity and uniformity in competency evaluation.

The PDS can offer a structured approach to assessing and improving research capacities among HRPs. By focusing on specific skills and employing clear evaluation methods, the PDS aims to overcome the shortcomings of previous approaches and promote development in global health research capacity.
Nonisothermal fractional order two-surface viscoplastic model for stiff clays
Authors: Cheng Wei , Yin Zhen-Yu , Cui Yu-Jun , Peng Mao-Zhu
Published: September 2024

Stiff clay exists widely in the world, but its significant time- and temperature-dependent mechanical features have not been fully modeled. In the context of fractional consistency viscoplasticity and bounding/subloading surface theory, this study proposes a novel nonisothermal fractional order two-surface viscoplastic model for stiff clays. First, by proposing a generalized plastic strain rate, the isotach viscosity is modified and extended to both over-consolidated and nonisothermal conditions that take into consideration the effects of temperature and OCR on thermal accelerated creep. Then, two strain rate and temperature-dependent yield surfaces are proposed with isotropic and progressive hardening rules to consider thermal collapse, strain rate effects, and smooth transition from elastic to viscoplastic behaviors. Next, the stress-fractional operator of the loading surface, according to the principle of fractional consistency viscoplasticity, is introduced to describe the nonassociativity of stiff clays. Finally, the predictive ability of the model is validated by simulating triaxial tests on Boom clay with various stress paths considering the temperature- and time-dependent features of stiff clays.
Phenological growth stages according to the BBCH-scale as a powerful tool for differentiating among CRISPR/Cas9 mutated lineages of the model plant Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae)
Authors: Junqueira Nicia E. G. , Bezerra Ana C. M. , Travassos-Lins João , Esteves João-Marcos F. , Gomes Juan-David F. , Ferreira Marcio Alves , Reinert Fernanda
Published: September 2024

In recent years, Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. has increased its popularity as a model plant for genetic studies with C4 monocotyledons. The BBCH-scale comprises a detailed phenotypic analysis, based on predefined growth stages, allowing for the construction of a comprehensive tool for morphological studies. We constructed a BBCH-scale for the ME034V wild-type accession and compared it with two independent mutants of the LONESOME HIGHWAY (LWH), which did not have noticeable morphological phenotypes. Our analysis showed that the main growth stages (0, 1, 2, and 7) showed homogeneity between the wild accession and the mutants. However, developmental changes between accessions were observable by comparing the secondaries of these main stages. There were significant differences between the wild accession and the mutants in relation to the main stages 4, 5, and 9. The total life cycle was reduced by 5 days in the svlhw-1 mutant. With a short life cycle like Setaria viridis, the observed changes can probably be attributed to genetic factors since the environmental conditions were strictly controlled. Thus, we showed that the BBCH-scale offers a powerful system to discriminate between Setaria viridis mutants that would otherwise be indistinguishable.
Dark matter candidates and searches
Authors: Bozorgnia Nassim , Bramante Joseph , Cline James M. , Curtin David , McKeen David , Morrissey David E. , Ritz Adam , Viel Simon , Vincent Aaron C. , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2024

Astrophysical observations suggest that most of the matter in the cosmos consists of a new form that has not been observed on Earth. The nature and origin of this mysterious dark matter are among the most pressing questions in fundamental science. In this review, we summarize the current state of dark matter research from two perspectives. First, we provide an overview of the leading theoretical proposals for dark matter. And second, we describe how these proposals have driven a broad and diverse global search program for dark matter involving direct laboratory searches and astrophysical observations. This review is based on a Green Paper on dark matter prepared as part of the 2020 Astroparticle Community Planning initiative undertaken by the Canadian Subatomic Physics community but has been significantly updated to reflect recent advances.
Quantum null-hypothesis device-independent Schmidt number witness
Authors: Batle Josep , Białecki Tomasz , Rybotycki Tomasz , Tworzydło Jakub , Bednorz Adam
Published: September 2024

We investigate the dimensionality of bipartite quantum systems by construction of a device-independent null witness test. This test assesses whether a given bipartite state conforms with the expected quantum dimension, Schmidt number, and distinguishes between real and complex spaces. By employing local measurements on each party, the proposed method aims to determine the minimal rank. By performing an experimental demonstration on IBM Quantum devices, we prove the exceptional accuracy of the test and its usefulness in diagnostics beyond routine calibrations. One of the tests shows agreement with theoretical expectations within statistical errors. However, the second test failed by more than 6 standard deviations, indicating unspecified parasitic entanglements, with no known simple origin.
Crossing symmetry and the crossing map
Authors: Correa da Silva Ricardo , Giorgetti Luca , Lechner Gandalf
Published: September 2024

We introduce and study the crossing map, a closed linear map acting on operators on the tensor square of a given Hilbert space that is inspired by the crossing property of quantum field theory. This map turns out to be closely connected to Tomita–Takesaki modular theory. In particular, crossing symmetric operators, namely those operators that are mapped to their adjoints by the crossing map, define endomorphisms of standard subspaces. Conversely, such endomorphisms can be integrated to crossing symmetric operators. We also investigate the relation between crossing symmetry and natural compatibility conditions with respect to unitary representations of certain symmetry groups, and furthermore introduce a generalized crossing map defined by a real object in an abstract [Formula: see text]-tensor category, not necessarily consisting of Hilbert spaces and linear maps. This latter crossing map turns out to be closely related to the (unshaded, finite-index) subfactor theoretical Fourier transform. Lastly, we provide families of solutions of the crossing symmetry equation, solving in addition the categorical Yang–Baxter equation, associated with an arbitrary Q-system.
Hydrodynamics of arcsin AdS black brane
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we explore a modified black brane within AdS space–time, characterized by the Lagrangian density [Formula: see text]. Due to the absence of an analytic solution, we approach the Einstein equations using a perturbative method, extending our analysis to the second order in q. Subsequently, we compute the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density. Our results suggest that the KSS Bound is not saturated in this model.
Optimization-Enabled Shepard Convolutional Quantum Neural Network for Brain Tumor Detection Using MRI Image
Authors: Balasubramanian Swaminathan , Gampala Veerraju , Misra Alok , Rao Telu Venkata Madhusudhana
Published: September 2024

Brain tumors develop when abnormal cells grow within or near the brain. Determining the extent of the tumor is crucial for effective treatment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has emerged as a non-ionizing radiation tool for diagnosing brain tumors. Segmenting brain tumors manually is a tedious process so the performance depends on the experience of the operator. To overcome the above-mentioned problem, in this research project, brain tumor detection is classified by the proposed Shepard Convolutional Quantum Neural Network (ShCQNN) using MRI images. Initially, pre-processing of the input image is carried out with a Mean filter and the process of segmentation is executed by LinkNet. Here, the proposed Chicken Swarm Stock Exchange Trading Optimization (CSSETO) is used to train LinkNet. This CSSETO is formed from Stock Exchange Trading Optimization (SETO) and Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO). Further, image augmentation includes rotation, random erasing, brightness or contrast adjustment, and shearing. Moreover, the extraction of features is done next to image augmentation, where some important features such as Local Ternary Pattern (LTP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Local Optimal Oriented Pattern (LOOP) are obtained. In the last stage, a brain tumor is detected using ShCQNN which is the amalgamation of Shepard Convolutional Neural Network (ShCNN) along with Quantum Neural Network (QNN). The two benchmark datasets, namely Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2018 (BraTS2018) database and the Figshare dataset are used to assess the performance of the proposed model using performance measures, such as specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity. Also, the performance of the proposed method has been compared with existing models, such as VGG Stacked Classifier Network (VGG-SCNet), Whale Harris Hawks Optimization (WHHO), CNN model, and EfficientNet-B0 and the results revealed that the proposed method provided superior performance than other existing methods. The proposed method obtains the accuracy of 0.925, sensitivity of 0.915, and specificity of 0.915. Regarding the accuracy, the performance improvement of the devised ShCQNN technique is 19.14%, 18.60%, 10.81%, and 2.70% higher than the existing methods VGG-SCNet, WHHO, CNN model, and EfficientNet-B0.
Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis Based on Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers and Graph Attention Networks
Authors: Xu Longming , Xiao Ping , Zeng Huixia
Published: September 2024

Aspect-level sentiment analysis is a critical component of sentiment analysis, aiming to determine the sentiment polarity associated with specific aspect words. However, existing methodologies have limitations in effectively managing aspect-level sentiment analysis. These limitations include insufficient utilization of syntactic information and an inability to precisely capture the contextual nuances surrounding aspect words. To address these issues, we propose an Aspect-Oriented Graph Attention Network (AOGAT) model. This model incorporates syntactic information to generate dynamic word vectors through the pre-trained model ALBERT and combines a graph attention network with BiGRU to capture both syntactic and semantic features. Additionally, the model introduces an aspect-focused attention mechanism to retrieve features related to aspect words and integrates the generated representations for sentiment classification. Our experiments on three datasets demonstrate that the AOGAT model outperforms traditional models.
A MOS-Only Compact and Wide-Range Voltage-Controlled Grounded Resistor
Authors: Al-Absi Muneer A. , Alkhulaifi Abdulaziz
Published: September 2024

In many integrated circuit applications, where large passive resistors are prohibited, a tunable active resistor is necessary. This paper presents a compact and wide-range voltage-controlled grounded resistor that employs MOS transistors only. The design’s foundation is an active adjustable resistor that controls the NMOS transistor’s mode of operation. The proposed design is implemented using 0.18[Formula: see text]m TSMC CMOS technology and is validated through post-layout simulations conducted in the Cadence Virtuoso environment. Furthermore, a tunable high-pass filter utilizing the proposed active resistor is also shown. The circuit is powered by 1.5[Formula: see text]V DC. According to the simulation findings, the resistance varies between 33[Formula: see text]k [Formula: see text] and 36[Formula: see text]G [Formula: see text], for an input voltage range [Formula: see text]0.7–0.6[Formula: see text]v.
Conventional soliton and noise-like pulse emissions at 1.98μm utilizing tungsten trioxide as mode-locker
Authors: Yusoff Norita Mohd , Ahmed Mahmoud Hazzaa Mohamed , Ng Eng Khoon , Abidin Nadiah Husseini Zainol , Alresheedi Mohammed Thamer , Mahdi Mohd Adzir
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the dual pulse emissions of conventional soliton (CS) and noise-like pulse (NLP) in thulium-holmium co-doped fiber laser using tungsten trioxide saturable absorber (WO3-SA). The CS pulse delivered 2[Formula: see text]ps width, centered at 1982.8[Formula: see text]nm. Increasing the pump power and alteration of polarization states switched the CS to the NLP regime with 1990.0[Formula: see text]nm central wavelength, 17.2[Formula: see text]nm spectral bandwidth, and 396[Formula: see text]fs spike width riding on top of a wide picosecond pulse pedestal in the time domain. This work suggests the capability of WO3-SA as a pulse initiator for future dual-source ultrashort pulses based on an all-fiber laser cavity design.
Advancements in Soft Semigraph Isomorphisms: Unveiling Additional Characteristics
Authors: George Bobin , Jose Jinta , Thumbakara Rajesh K.
Published: September 2024

A soft set functions as a mathematical instrument crafted to handle uncertainties. Semigraph, a broader form of graph distinct from hypergraph, saw the integration of soft set principles to give rise to soft semigraph. Utilizing parameterization, soft semigraph delineates various representations of a semigraph’s relationships. The pivotal role of graph isomorphism lies in its ability to discern patterns across diverse domains such as image processing, computer systems, social network analysis, chemical bonding exploration, and protein structure analysis. Different types of isomorphisms are present within soft semigraphs, including [Formula: see text]-isomorphism, [Formula: see text]-isomorphism, [Formula: see text]-isomorphism, and [Formula: see text]-isomorphism. This paper focuses on elucidating certain characteristics associated with these isomorphisms. Additionally, we investigate the complement of a soft semigraph.