bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Physiological Roles of Carnosine and β-Alanine in Exercising Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: MATTHEWS JOSEPH J. , ARTIOLI GUILHERME G. , TURNER MARK D. , SALE CRAIG
Published: May 2019

Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) plays an important role in exercise performance and skeletal muscle homeostasis. Dietary supplementation with the rate-limiting precursor β-alanine leads to an increase in skeletal muscle carnosine content, which further potentiates its effects. There is significant interest in carnosine and β-alanine across athletic and clinical populations. Traditionally, attention has been given to performance outcomes with less focus on the underlying mechanism(s). Putative physiological roles in human skeletal muscle include acting as an intracellular pH buffer, modulating energy metabolism, regulating Ca2+ handling and myofilament sensitivity, and scavenging of reactive species. Emerging evidence shows that carnosine could also act as a cytoplasmic Ca2+–H+ exchanger and form stable conjugates with exercise-induced reactive aldehydes. The enigmatic nature of carnosine means there is still much to learn regarding its actions and applications in exercise, health, and disease. In this review, we examine the research relating to each physiological role attributed to carnosine, and its precursor β-alanine, in exercising human skeletal muscle.
Generational Differences in Managing Personal Finances
Authors: Carlin Bruce , Olafsson Arna , Pagel Michaela
Published: May 2019

In this article, we provide a descriptive account of how people from different generations vary in their use of financial management technology, their access credit markets, and how they finance consumption and incur financial costs and penalties. We use a detailed panel of transaction-level data from Iceland on individual spending, incomes, balances, and credit limits from a personal financial management software. We find that technology adoption is faster for millennials, but use of consumer credit and financial penalties are higher for older generations. While the “coholding puzzle” exists for all people, it appears to be more severe for baby boomers.
Exploring Variation in College Counselor Effectiveness
Authors: Barr Andrew , Castleman Ben
Published: May 2019

Several recent studies have investigated the impact of college advising on whether students enter and succeed in postsecondary education. These papers generally find positive impacts from advising, yet few explore the extent of heterogeneity in impacts between program counselors. We take advantage of quasi-random counselor assignment to explore variation and correlates of college counselor effectiveness using rich administrative data on adviser-advisee interactions from a multisite randomized control trial of a college advising program. Large overall effects on college enrollment from the advising intervention are consistent across counselors; there is little relationship between counselor characteristics or behaviors and student outcomes.
Currency Substitution under Transaction Costs
Authors: Schilling Linda M. , Uhlig Harald
Published: May 2019

We consider a setting where agents can choose between two currencies to conduct their goods purchases. The usage of either currency comes with currency-specific transactions costs. For example, purchasing some goods with cryptocurrencies rather than dollars is easier and may avoid taxes. We explore an extension of Schilling-Uhlig (2019), allowing for asymmetry in transaction costs as well as dollar-bitcoin exchange fees. Agents alternate in their role as buyers and sellers, necessitating currency. A central bank steers the dollar inflation path, while bitcoins are in fixed supply. We characterize the nonstochastic equilibrium and the resulting exchange rate dynamics.
Using Shifts in Deployment and Operations to Test for Racial Bias in Police Stops
Authors: MacDonald John M. , Fagan Jeffrey
Published: May 2019

We rely on a policy experiment in the New York City Police Department (NYPD) to address the well-known problems of omitted variable bias and infra-marginality in traditional outcomes tests of racial bias in police stops. The NYPD designated specific areas as impact zones and deployed extra officers to these areas and encouraged them to conduct more intensive stop, question, and frisk activity. We find that the NYPD are more likely to frisk black and Hispanic suspects after an area becomes an impact zone compared to other areas of the city.
Top 1 Percent Income Shares: Comparing Estimates Using Tax Data
Authors: Auten Gerald , Splinter David
Published: May 2019

Many studies have used tax data to measure the U.S. income distribution, but their results vary widely. For example, in 2014 the top 1 percent share of income is 21.5 percent in Piketty and Saez (2003 and updates), 16.7 percent in the Congressional Budget Office (2018), and 13.1 percent in our analysis. What accounts for such large differences? We provide a step-by-step analysis of how methodological differences affect the results and address issues raised in Piketty, Saez, and Zucman (2018, 2019). Important differences include accounting for declining marriage rates, including social insurance and employer benefits, accounting for tax reforms, and including income missing from tax returns.
Four Years Later: Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Continue to Diverge between ACA Medicaid Expansion and Non-Expansion States
Authors: Miller Sarah , Wherry Laura R.
Published: May 2019

This paper evaluates the impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions four years after implementation using data from the 2010-2017 National Health Interview Survey. We find that low-income adults in states that implemented the Medicaid expansions experienced increases in insurance and Medicaid coverage and improvements in access to health care across several measures.
Does Elite Capture Matter? Local Elites and Targeted Welfare Programs in Indonesia
Authors: Alatas Vivi , Banerjee Abhijit , Hanna Rema , Olken Benjamin A. , Purnamasari Ririn , Wai-Poi Matthew
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates how elite capture affects the welfare gains from targeted government transfer programs in Indonesia, using both a high-stakes field experiment that varied the extent of elite influence and nonexperimental data on a variety of existing government programs. While the relatives of those holding formal leadership positions are more likely to receive benefits in some programs, we argue that the welfare consequences of elite capture appear small: eliminating elite capture entirely would improve the welfare gains from these programs by less than one percent.
Cognitive Abilities and Inflation Expectations
Authors: D’Acunto Francesco , Hoang Daniel , Paloviita Maritta , Weber Michael
Published: May 2019

Cognitive abilities help explain the large cross-sectional variation in inflation expectations at the household level. But which type of cognitive abilities are important? We find that not only quantitative abilities but also logical and verbal abilities are important to explain the accuracy and plausibility of households' inflation expectations. We discuss the channels through which different forms of cognition might shape households' abilities to forecast future macroeconomic variables. We also draw implications for the effectiveness of policies that aim to manage households' expectations.
The Right to Education Act: Trends in Enrollment, Test Scores, and School Quality
Authors: Shah Manisha , Steinberg Bryce
Published: May 2019

The Right to Education (RTE) Act passed in 2009 guarantees access to free primary education to all children ages 6-14 in India. This paper investigates whether national trends in educational outcomes change around the time of this law using household surveys and administrative data. We document four trends: (1) school-going increases after the passage of RTE, (2) test scores decline dramatically after 2010, (3) school infrastructure appears to improve both before and after RTE, and (4) the number of students who have to repeat a grade falls precipitously after RTE is enacted, in line with official provisions of the law.
Discrimination in Ambient Air Pollution Monitoring?
Authors: Grainger Corbett , Schreiber Andrew
Published: May 2019

In the United States, ambient air quality is regulated through National Ambient Air Quality standards (NAAQS). Enforcement of these standards is delegated to state and sub-state regulators who are also tasked with designing their own monitoring networks for ambient pollution. Past work has found evidence consistent with strategic behavior: local regulators strategically avoid pollution hotspots when siting monitors. This paper assesses whether income and race have historically played a role in monitor siting decisions.
Measuring Labor Market Power Two Ways
Authors: Azar José , Marinescu Ioana , Steinbaum Marshall
Published: May 2019

We compute the “applications elasticity” as a proxy for firm-level labor supply elasticity by regressing the applications to a given job on the posted wage. The average applications elasticity in our data is 0.42. We then relate our elasticity estimates to concentration in labor markets defined by six-digit SOC occupations and commuting zone. We show a robust negative relationship between the two. Applications elasticity is near zero for all but the most densely populated labor markets, suggesting that 80 percent of the workforce works in labor markets where employers exercise significant monopsony power.
Mastering Panel Metrics: Causal Impact of Democracy on Growth
Authors: Chen Shuowen , Chernozhukov Victor , Fernández-Val Iván
Published: May 2019

We revisit the panel data analysis of Acemoglu et al. (forthcoming) on the relationship between democracy and economic growth using state-of-the-art econometric methods. We argue that panel data settings are high-dimensional, resulting in estimators to be biased to a degree that invalidates statistical inference. We remove these biases by using simple analytical and sample-splitting methods, and thereby restore valid statistical inference. We find that debiased fixed effects and Arellano-Bond estimators produce higher estimates of the long-run effect of democracy on growth, providing even stronger support for the key hypothesis of Acemoglu et al.
Parental Aspirations for Children’s Education: Is There a “Girl Effect”? Experimental Evidence from Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Bernard Tanguy , Dercon Stefan , Orkin Kate , Taffesse Alemayehu Seyoum
Published: May 2019

We report on an experiment with poor rural households in Ethiopia, which aimed to boost aspirations for a better future through exposure to documentaries featuring local male and female role models. We explore effects on parents' educational aspirations and investment in children's education. At baseline, educational aspirations are high but biased against girls. At a six-month follow-up, the intervention increased parents' aspirations for their children's education and increased enrollment, time spent in school, and schooling expenditures. There was no catching up of girls relative to boys. Results are consistent with broader local social norms that value education but disfavor women.
Child Penalties across Countries: Evidence and Explanations
Authors: Kleven Henrik , Landais Camille , Posch Johanna , Steinhauer Andreas , Zweimüller Josef
Published: May 2019

This paper provides evidence on child penalties in female and male earnings in different countries. The estimates are based on event studies around the birth of the first child, using the specification proposed by Kleven et al. (2018). The analysis reveals some striking similarities in the qualitative effects of children across countries, but also sharp differences in the magnitude of the effects. We discuss the potential role of family policies (parental leave and childcare provision) and gender norms in explaining the observed differences.
Monetary Policy Frameworks and the Effective Lower Bound on Interest Rates
Authors: Mertens Thomas M. , Williams John C.
Published: May 2019

This paper applies a New Keynesian model to analyze monetary policy in the presence of a low natural rate of interest and a lower bound on interest rates. Under standard inflation-targeting, inflation expectations will be anchored at a level below the inflation target. Two themes emerge from our analysis: first, the central bank can mitigate this problem of a downward bias in inflation expectations by following an average-inflation targeting framework. Second, price-level targeting that raises inflation expectations when inflation is low can both anchor expectations at target and further reduce the effects of the lower bound on the economy.
The Quality of Banks at Stigmatized Lending Facilities
Authors: Anbil Sriya , Vossmeyer Angela
Published: May 2019

When the names of banks that borrow from an emergency lending facility are inadvertently leaked, the facility may become stigmatized. We examine how the quality of the borrowing pool of banks changed when stigma was unexpectedly introduced at a once confidential lending facility during the Great Depression. This facility experienced a compositional shift in the quality of its borrowing pool, where only weaker banks that maintained smaller liquidity buffers used the facility, while an alternative confidential facility attracted stronger banks. Our results shed light on how the design of lending facilities may attract certain types of banks.
Information and Communication in Organizations
Authors: Deimen Inga , Szalay DezsÖ
Published: May 2019

We study a constrained information design problem in an organization. A designer chooses the information structure. A sender with preferences different from the decision-maker observes and processes the information before he communicates with the decision-maker. Information shapes conflicts within the organization: the optimal information structure essentially eliminates conflicts and serves as a substitute to the allocation of decision-making authority in the organization.
Gender Bias and Temporal Effects in Standard Evaluations of Teaching
Authors: Buser Whitney , Hayter Jill , Marshall Emily C.
Published: May 2019

This study investigates whether gender differences in SET vary over the course of a semester, particularly in response to feedback from the instructor. We survey principles of economics courses at multiple institutions three times during the semester to analyze whether the evaluations of male and female instructors change throughout the term, specifically after the first exam is returned. Results indicate a negative effect on evaluations for female instructors relative to male instructors associated with returning grades. This work shows the importance of understanding the dynamics of changes in evaluations within a course over the semester.
Stress and associated risk factors among the elderly: a cross-sectional study from rural Thailand
Authors: Seangpraw Katekaew , Auttama Nisarat , Kumar Ramesh , Somrongthong Ratana , Tonchoy Prakasit , Panta Pitakpong
Published: May 2019

Background. Stress is a common mental health problem of the elderly population that affects their quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the level of stress and associated factors among the elderly living in rural areas of Thailand. 

Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two sub-districts of rural Thailand and interviewed 403 elderly persons.  We used simple random sampling technique from a list of registered elderly individuals and conducted face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. The questionnaire were piloted, validated and pretested beforehand. Multiple linear regression was applied for data analysis. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Phayao, Thailand.

Results. The mean age of the participants was 68 and two thirds (67%) were female. Less than 43% of the participants had moderate, and one third (34%) had high levels of stress. More than half of participants had low level stress management. Stress was significantly associated with alcohol and illness with a predictive power of 3.0% [(R = 0.173, R Square = 0.030) (p<0.05)].

Conclusion. We conclude that risk factors such as alcohol and illness affect elderly population living in rural areas of Thailand to a major extent in terms of stress.
To Whom Are You True? Audience Perceptions of Authenticity in Nascent Crowdfunding Ventures
Authors: Radoynovska Nevena , King Brayden G.
Published: May 2019

The growing organizational scholarship on authenticity has drawn attention to both its symbolic and material consequences for—among other things—organizational status, identity, consumer ratings, and brand trust. However, our understanding of authenticity has tended to focus on the what—the attributes and content typically associated with authentic products, organizations, and experiences. We still lack a clear understanding of how audiences think about different aspects of authenticity and the mechanisms through which audiences’ perceptions affect outcomes. In this paper we conduct three studies to investigate what people mean when they evaluate an organization as authentic, and what consequences this has for their support for the organization. In study 1 we build on existing theoretical frameworks to empirically derive three dimensions of authenticity: moral, idiosyncratic, and categorical. Using an online survey in the empirical setting of nascent crowdfunding ventures, we test the effects of these dimensions on audience members’ funding decisions. We find that each of the authenticity dimensions proves significant for distinct support outcomes, notably by enhancing the likability (warmth) of the project and/or its creators in the minds of evaluators. Study 2 offers experimental support for the mediating role of likability—but not of assessments of competence—in explaining support for nascent organizations. Finally, study 3 provides evidence that regardless of which dimension of authenticity audiences draw on, the latter are positively related in their minds to an overall notion of authenticity. We draw implications for the study of authenticity as a multidimensional concept in organizations, with both perceptual and real consequences for the support of nascent ventures.
Total Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Flares in Pregnant North American Women With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Results From a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bzowej Natalie H. , Tran Tram T. , Li Ruosha , Belle Steven H. , Smith Coleman I. , Khalili Mandana , Chung Ray , Tsai Naoky , Terrault Norah ,   for the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN)
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Alterations in the immune system can result in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares either during pregnancy or after delivery in women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess changes in serum biochemical and virological markers of HBV infection during and after pregnancy in a large North American cohort of pregnant women with chronic HBV.

METHODS:

Adult pregnant women enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network between 2011 and 2016 were included. Serum ALT values and HBV DNA viral levels were obtained at <28 weeks and >28 weeks of gestation and <16 weeks, 16–31 weeks, and 32–48 weeks postpartum. Outcomes of ALT flares included severity, duration, and initiation of antiviral therapy.

RESULTS:

Among the 158 pregnant women with chronic HBV, the median age was 33 years, 73% were Asian, and 63% were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative. The median HBV DNA level was substantially higher in the HBeAg-positive vs HBeAg-negative women (1.3 × 108 vs 343 IU/mL), but serum ALT levels at their first study visit were similar. Among untreated pregnant women, there was a very mild increase in serum ALT postpartum among both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative women (P < 0.001). Serum ALT flares (range 107–513 U/L) developed in 3.4% (5/149) during pregnancy and in 4.3% (4/92) after delivery. Twenty-two percent were initiated on antiviral therapy. After withdrawal of prophylactic anti-HBV therapy, 17.2% (5/29) developed serum ALT flares (range 107–208 U/L) within 14 weeks of drug discontinuation, and 3 additional women had flares despite continuous anti-HBV therapy during pregnancy or postpartum. Many ALT flares were not associated with significant changes in HBV DNA levels. No flares were severe with elevations of bilirubin or clinical decompensation.

DISCUSSION:

Spontaneous ALT flares in untreated pregnant women with chronic HBV are infrequent, mild, and self-limited both prepartum and postpartum. Although flares after the withdrawal of antiviral therapy postpartum are more common, they were also mild and self-limited. Further studies of the immunopathogenesis of pregnancy-related flares are needed, as well as effects on long-term outcome of the mother and infant.
Serum Soluble Receptor for AGE (sRAGE) Levels Are Associated With Unhealthy Lifestyle and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ivancovsky-Wajcman Dana , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Fliss Isakov Naomi , Webb Muriel , Zemel Meir , Shibolet Oren , Kariv Revital
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been demonstrated to be positively associated with serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and negatively with soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE) in a few small studies. We aimed to test the association between lifestyle and sRAGE levels and the association between sRAGE levels or AGEs intake and NAFLD, insulin resistance (IR), and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

METHODS:

Cross-sectional analysis among participants of a screening study. Fasting blood tests and serum sRAGE levels were obtained. NAFLD and insulin resistance were evaluated by ultrasonography and homeostasis model assessment, respectively. Nutritional intake was measured by food frequency questionnaire, and the intake of dietary AGEs was calculated.

RESULTS:

A total of 743 subjects were included (52.6% men, mean age 58.83 ± 6.58 years, 38.7% NAFLD). Exercise was independently protective from low sRAGE levels (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.97, P = 0.031). Pack-years, working time, and sedentary time (OR = 1.51, 1.03–2.22, P = 0.036; OR = 1.66, 1.18–2.35, P = 0.004; OR = 1.64, 1.18–2.29, P = 0.004, respectively), and intake of red and/or processed meat or processed meat alone (OR = 1.01, 1.04–2.21, P = 0.045; OR = 1.49, 1.00–2.21, P = 0.048, respectively) were associated with increased odds for low sRAGE levels. Low sRAGE levels were independently associated with elevated ALT (OR = 1.69, 1.11–2.57, P = 0.014) and NAFLD with elevated ALT (OR = 2.17, 1.23–3.83, P = 0.007). High intake of dietary AGEs was associated with IR (OR = 2.04, 1.25–3.34 P = 0.004).

DISCUSSION:

Lifestyle is associated with sRAGE levels and, in turn, low levels of sRAGE are associated with NAFLD and elevated ALT.
Guía para la realización de ensayos y clasificación de asfaltos, emulsiones asfálticas y asfaltos rebajados según el Reglamento Técnico Centroamericano (RTCA 75.01.22:047)
Authors: Salazar Delgado Jorge
Published: May 2019

En este documento se presenta un resumen y descripción del Reglamento Técnico Centroamericano RTCA 75.01.22:047 como guía para caracterizar y clasificar ligantes asfalticos sin modificar, asfalto convencional, emulsiones asfálticas y asfaltos rebajados brindando las especificaciones mínimas requeridas, para ser utilizadas en la rehabilitación, reconstrucción y construcción de carreteras. Este artículo está dirigido principalmente a empresas y laboratorios de ensayo relacionados con el sector de carreteras que requieran determinar la calidad de los materiales utilizados en los procesos de mantenimiento, rehabilitación o reconstrucción, adicionalmente se presenta una descripción o interpretación del resultado de cada ensayo.
Preparación de emulsiones asfálticas en laboratorio
Authors: Ulloa Calderón Andrea
Published: May 2019

Costa Rica, desde hace mucho tiempo, ha hecho uso de emulsiones asfálticas para diferentes aplicaciones, sin embargo, su preparación y algunos cuidados para su almacenamiento han sido desconocidos por muchos que cotidianamente las utilizan. Por lo cual, en este artículo se detallan los procedimientos para la preparación de los diferentes tipos de emulsiones asfálticas a nivel de laboratorio, así como algunas recomendaciones de manipulación durante y posterior al proceso de fabricación, de manera que se puedan obtener los resultados esperados de acuerdo con la aplicación específica para la cual se confeccionó cada una de esas emulsiones
A Simplified Shear-Strain Based Bridge Weigh-In-Motion Method For In-Service Highway Bridges
Authors: Lobo Aguilar Sergio , Christenson Richard E.
Published: May 2019

Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM) has been demonstrated to be reliable for obtaining critical information about the characteristics of trucks that travel over the highways. Continued improvements provides greater opportunity for increased use of BWIM. Traditional BWIM systems based on measuring the bending strain of the bridge have various challenges which has led to a class of BWIM methodologies that employ the use of shear strain in determining the gross vehicle weight (GVW) of crossing trucks. However, the known techniques of these shear-strain BWIM methods assume or measure the shear influence line for the calculation of the GVW. In this paper, an alternative shear-strain based BWIM technique is proposed. The method presented here is independent of the influence line, does not require a measurement of the speed of the truck, and is based on the difference in magnitude observed at the discontinuity of the shear strain record as a truck crosses over the sensor location on the bridge. A series of field tests is presented that demonstrate this shear-strain based BWIM method has error levels consistent with other more complex BWIM methods and as such has great potential to be used for determining the GVWs of trucks that travel on simple or multispan bridges in a consistent and reliable manner.
SITIOS COSTARRICENSES DE NOTICIAS EN FACEBOOK: ¿QUÉ “LIKEAN”, COMENTAN Y COMPARTEN SUS USUARIOS?
Authors: Siles González Ignacio , Campos Acuña Pedro , Segura Castillo Andrés
Published: May 2019

En este artículo, se discute cómo usuarias y usuarios interactúan con contenido noticioso publicado por sitios costarricenses de noticias en Facebook. Utilizando una metodología mixta que combinó el análisis de redes sociales (social network analysis) y el análisis de contenido, se examinó la información publicada por seis sitios costarricenses de noticiasdurante cuatro meses de 2016. Se identificó una clara preferencia de los usuarios por noticias sobre asuntos no públicos, como sucesos, fútbol y entretenimiento. En cambio, las noticias sobre asuntos públicos, como política, economía y gobierno, recibieron relativamente poca interacción de parte de las usuarias y los usuarios. Asimismo, se analizó una diferencia estructural en cómo las personas interactuaron con la información publicada por varios sitios informativos. Se concluye con una discusión de las oportunidades analíticas que ofrece el estudio de la circulación de noticias en Facebook.
MATERIALIDAD, FORMAS Y CONTENIDOS DEL ESPACIO PÚBLICO EN LÍNEA: LA ELECCIÓN DE GONZALO RAMÍREZ COMENTADA POR LOS USUARIOS DE FACEBOOK
Authors: Kotras Baptiste
Published: May 2019

Este artículo propone un análisis de los comentarios publicados por los seguidores del sitio CRHoy en Facebook a lo largo de la secuencia política del 1º de mayo de 2017, en la cual fue electo Gonzalo Ramírez (prc) como presidente de la Asamblea Legislativa. Busca identificar los códigos y las normas implícitas de la discusión en línea sobre asuntos políticos y describir las principales tendencias en las opiniones espontáneamente elaboradas por las personas comentaristas. Se recolectaron las notas publicadas por CRHoy en Facebook y sus respectivos comentarios gracias a un programa informático para esos fines (Netvizz); después se realizó un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo a partir de una muestra de comentarios. Se observa que, de manera contra-intuitiva, la deliberación en las secciones de comentarios deCRHoy cumple con varios criterios formales de la teoría normativa del espacio público.
¿QUÉ QUIERE DECIR «RACIONAL»? (MULTIUSOS DE ESE TÉRMINO PERSUASIVO)
Authors: Haba Enrique Pedro
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo discrimina entre una multifacética variedad de significados que «racionalidad» recibe mediante distintos usos de este término, principalmente para ámbitos de la llamada Razón práctica. Es puesto así de manifiesto el carácter opcional-voluntarista al elegir entre esos usos (precisos o imprecisos) y se concluye subrayando la connotación emotivo-retórica (lenguaje persuasivo) que ellos suelen llevar aneja. Al final se consigna una amplia bibliografía sobre el tema.
PACTO CON LA RIMA: UN ACERCAMIENTO A LAS SUBJETIVIDADES POLÍTICAS DE JÓVENES LÍDERES RAPEROS QUE PARTICIPAN EN PROCESOS ORGANIZATIVOS LOCALES VINCULADOS AL HIP-HOP EN BOGOTÁ
Authors: Briceño Arango David
Published: May 2019

Este artículo explora los vínculos, conexiones y articulaciones presentes entre cultura y política, a partir de algunos procesos organizativos locales liderados por jóvenes raperos en la ciudad de Bogotá, durante el periodo 2014-2015. El objetivo es reconocer cómo estos líderes articulan sus expresiones artísticas con propuestas colectivas que facilitan el acercamiento y el diálogo permanente con las problemáticas locales. En suma, la tesis que se defiende es que la acción política juvenil se expresa a través de experiencias e identidades individuales y colectivas.
ALMORZANDO EN UN BANCO EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE: ANÁLISIS DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN Y REGULACIÓN SOCIAL DE LA COMENSALIDAD INSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Concha González Benjamín , Alfaro Figueroa Juan , Giacoman Hernández Claudia
Published: May 2019

Este artículo explora las prácticas de comensalidad de los empleados que almuerzan en un banco en Santiago de Chile, con el fin de comprender y caracterizar la forma en que se desarrolla la comida compartida en contextos laborales. El trabajo de campo se realizó principalmente durante el mes de julio de 2015 e incluyó observaciones y entrevistas informales. Los resultados evidencian que las prácticas de comensalidad institucional estánfuertemente normadas y modeladas por el contexto organizacional.
A kiégésszindróma vizsgálata a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Sebészeti Klinikájának dolgozói körében és összehasonlítása a Sürgősségi Betegellátó Önálló Osztályon kapott eredményekkel
Authors: Stankovic Mona , Töreki Annamária , Lázár György , Pető Zoltán
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Examination of the burnout syndrome in various healthcare fields has paramount importance for a better understanding of the disorder as well as for the establishment of a suitable preventive and intervention program. The surgical departments’ employees are at risk among healthcare workers, so it is our objective to further expand the knowledge on the characteristics of the burnout syndrome among the Hungarian surgical staff. Additionally, we compare the results obtained from the Department of Surgery at the University of Szeged with the results of the Department of Emergency Medicine. Aim: Aim of this study is to examine the burnout syndrome and its associations with different variables among the workers of the Department of Surgery at the University of Szeged, and to compare the data with a previous study conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Szeged. Method: Cross-sectional design utilizing a self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from the staff. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, while psychological immune competence was measured using the Psychological Immune Competence Questionnaire. Results: Based on statistical analysis, the number of weekly working hours and the number of somatic symptoms have a negative impact on burnout, while the greater number of high-quality social relationships and the stronger psychological immune competence have proven to be protective factors. Comparing the Department of Surgery and Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Szeged, we found a difference in the age of the workers, the number of years spent in the healthcare as well as the scores on the burnout depersonalization scale. Conclusions: The results obtained show further correlations and reveal protective and risk factors in burnout which can be a key to establishing preventive and intervention strategies. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 784–791.
Transatlantic Quechuañol: Reading Race through Colonial Translations
Authors: Bigelow Allison Margaret
Published: May 2019

Translation is often described with opposed terms likeloyaltyandbetrayal,even though the work of translation defies such a description. New research in translation studies argues for the value of mistranslation and untranslatables, especially in recovering Indigenous knowledge production. This study joins these efforts by documenting how technical writers in the colonial Andes used Quechua terms to form a patois called “Quechuañol” (Quechua plusespañol)and how this hybrid Andean language was obscured in translations of scientific texts in early modern England, Germany, and France. As translators reinterpreted metallic classifications in Quechuañol, including “Pacos, Mulatos y Negrillos”(“paco, mulato,andnegrillometals”), they chose terms that communicated their own, culturally specific ideas about color and categories. Tracing mistranslations in the Atlantic world allows us to document both the Indigenous intellectual contributions to the technical arts and the development of early modern racial classifications.
Modeling and optimization of TAM in turning of Inconel 718 superalloy using RSM and PSO
Authors: Ganta Venkatesh , Dupadu Chakradhar
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the optimization and modeling of thermally assisted machining (TAM) process parameters for machining Inconel 718 superalloy with a titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) nano-multilayer carbide insert by using response surface methodology (RSM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. Machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and workpiece temperature were considered as control factors. Experiments were conducted based on central composite rotatable design and the output responses were cutting force, surface roughness, tool wear and metal removal. From the experimental results, it was found that cutting speed and workpiece temperature were the most influence factors of cutting force, surface roughness and metal removal rate. The relation between control factors and output responses was developed by the multiple regression approach, and good agreement was found between them. Henceforth, PSO has the ability to obtain appropriate machining parameters while turning Inconel 718 superalloy under TAM conditions.
Hawks, Robots, and Chalkings: Unexpected Object Encounters During Walking Interviews on a College Campus
Authors: Flint Maureen A.
Published: May 2019

A feeding hawk, a sculpture of a fallen robot, and chalk markings pointing to a slave cemetery-each of these objects was unexpectedly encountered during walking interviews on a college campus. This article explores these object encounters in turn as provocations toward the potential for walking as a method to generate interventions in the reproduction of hegemonic spaces. Specifically, this paper takes up the Deleuzoguattarian concepts of the rhizome and the assemblage to explore how the practice of walking makes possible creative and imaginative explorations in the relationship between objects and place. Methodologically, walking produces the possibility for affirmative difference in the interview, a positive embrace of reading objects as complex and connected through an embodied enactment of rhizomes and assemblages. Inquiry that thinks with rhizomes and assemblages connects disparate encounters, moments, and objects through affirmative difference, embracing connections and relations. This article suggests implications for how the walking interview might engender reflective entanglements of theory and methodology, resist extractive methods, as well as produce imaginative reconceptualisations of place, and interventions and disruptions of hegemonic narratives.
U Michigan - Nerve Conduction Velocity v1
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: May 2019

Summary: To confirm the presence of diabetic neuropathy, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies are performed. The animals are anesthetized with isoflurane to prevent discomfort. Body temperature is monitered with a dermal temperature probe and maintained at 32ºC with a warming lamp during NCV. Body temperature is maintained at 37ºC after NCV using a warming pad to ease animal stress from anesthetic. The nerve studies last less than 30 min per rat or mouse. The electrodes are cleaned with 70% alcohol between animals to maintain pathogen-free status.
U Michigan - Tail Cuff Blood Pressure Determination v1
Authors: Hodgin Jeff
Published: May 2019

Summary: This protocol provides information for the non-invasive measurement of blood pressure--tail cuff blood pressure determination operated by CODA tail-cuff blood pressure system in mice.
UC Davis - Adiposity v1
Authors: Ramsey Jon
Published: May 2019

Summary: The major fat pads of mice will be dissected and weighed. This approach provides a way to determine if an intervention has an impact on specific depots of fat.
Die Selbstverwaltung der Stadt Krakau in vorindustrieller Zeit
Authors: Noga Zdzisław
Published: May 2019

Miasto Kraków funkcjonowało od czasu lokacji (1257) do Konstytucji 3 Maja (1791) na prawie magdeburskim, ale ustrój gminy miejskiej miał także cechy lokalne. W początkach miasta lokacyjnego główną rolę odgrywali wójtowie dziedziczni i ława sądowa. Po konfiskacie wójtostwa przez księcia Władysława Łokietka w 1312 r., będącej skutkiem buntu wójta Alberta, nastąpiła degradacja tego organu. Odtąd wójtowie pełnili tylko funkcje sądowe i policyjne i byli zależni od rady miejskiej.

Ten organ powstał wkrótce po lokacji miasta. Początkowo mianowany przez wójta, a następnie przez kooptację, był rzeczywistym reprezentantem obywateli. Konsekwencją buntu wójta Alberta była utrata pełnej autonomii gminy miejskiej. Odtąd radę mianował corocznie władca lub jego urzędnik; od XV w. wojewoda krakowski wybierał 8 rajców urzędujących, a rajcy wcześniej urzędujący, nie wybrani w tym roku, tworzyli 16-osobową radę starą. Urząd był dożywotni. Dopiero w końcu XVII w. rada odzyskała prawo do wyboru nowych rajców. Organ ten zyskał uprzywilejowaną pozycję w mieście, skupiając w swoich rękach wszystkie najważniejsze kompetencje, w tym nominacje ławników i urzędników zawodowych, z pisarzem i syndykiem na czele, a także reprezentację miasta w kontaktach zewnętrznych. Obsadzany przez nieliczną grupę rodzin, stał się instytucją oligarchiczną, zabiegającą głównie o interesy własnej grupy na niekorzyść ogółu obywateli, którzy po konfliktach uzyskali w XVI w. prawo do kontroli finansów publicznych przez własną reprezentację, zwaną quadragintaviratem. Wreszcie w drugiej połowie XVII w. wykształciła się szersza reprezentacja pospólstwa (communitas), która przejęła funkcje quadragintaviratu. Te instytucje ustrojowe stały na straży autonomii gminy miejskiej i kształtowały przez wieki postawy obywatelskie krakowian.
Die Lokation Lublins nach Magdeburger Recht und der Weg zur Blüte der Stadt im 14. Jahrhundert
Authors: Szczygieł Ryszard
Published: May 2019

W początkach XIV stulecia ruch lokacyjny wsi i miast na prawie niemieckim dotarł do ziemi lubelskiej. Pierwszym miastem tego terytorium, które zostało zmodernizowane według modelu lokacyjnego, był Lublin. Podstawę prawną tej inwestycji, prowadzonej przez Macieja, wielkorządcę krakowskiego i sandomierskiego, a zarazem wójta dziedzicznego w mieście Opatowiec (ziemia sandomierska), był przywilej lokacyjny księcia Władysława Łokietka, wystawiony „pod Krakowem” 15 sierpnia 1317 r.

Do tego czasu Lublin był zespołem osadniczym, złożonym z kilku osad zlokalizowanych na wzgórzach: Zamkowym (gród), Staromiejskim (osada protomiejska), Czwartek, Żmigród. Inwestycja miejska była prowadzona na Wzgórzu Staromiejskim o obszarze 7 ha, gdzie przeprowadzono rozplanowanie według układu szachownicowego, znakomicie wkomponowane w kształt tego wzgórza. Powstała też gmina miejska, która miała się rządzić prawem magdeburskim, na czele której stał wójt dziedziczny Maciej. Obywatele miasta otrzymali liczne przywileje, m.in. zwolnienie na 20 lat od podatków na rzecz księcia i wolność od opłaty cła na terenie jego państwa.

Proces lokacyjny trwał także za panowania króla Kazimierza Wielkiego. Wówczas powstały liczne budowle murowane, zbudowano też mury obronne. Lublin był wtedy nadgranicznym ośrodkiem etapowym wielkiego handlu oraz bazą dla wypraw króla na Ruś. Jego rola szybko rosła po unii polsko-litewskiej z lat 1385–1386, gdy znalazł się w centrum monarchii Władysława Jagiełły, między Polską, Litwą a Rusią, pełniąc funkcje centrum wymiany handlowej oraz zjazdów elit politycznych obydwu państw, polskiego i litewskiego. W ciągu XV w. awansował do grupy najważniejszych miast monarchii Jagiellonów.
Le chat à la fenêtre : l’expression de relations spatiales en polonais (L1) et en français (L2 et L1)
Authors: Piotrowski Sebastian , Porquier, Rémy Porquier
Published: May 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest sposób wyrażania relacji przestrzennych w językach polskim i francuskim w procesie akwizycji języka francuskiego przez polonofonów. Badanie odnosi się do konkretnego wycinka owych relacji: wyrażania umiejscowienia obiektu w osi strzałkowej (devant/ derrière, przed/za), które wymaga od uczących się języka nie tylko opanowania określonego słow­nictwa, ale również – z kognitywnego punktu widzenia – przyswojenia opozycji semantycznych związanych z reprezentacją przestrzeni.

Badanie polegało na przedstawieniu w języku polskim (L1) i francuskim (L2 i L1) serii obraz­ków ukazujących różne statyczne konfiguracje przestrzenne. Uczestnikami badania byli studenci filologii romańskiej (20 osób), dwoje dorosłych polonofonów i dwoje dorosłych frankofonów.

Zebrany materiał stanowi skromny wkład do opisu akwizycji języka francuskiego przez po­lonofonów, do opisu języka polskiego, a także do polsko-francuskich badań kontrastywnych.
Prédication et non prédication
Authors: Gabilan Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2019

Współczesne teorie językoznawcze zwykle dzielą strukturę wypowiedzenia na grupę nomi­nalną (ang. NP) i werbalną (ang. VP). Ten binarny podział przysparza jednak poważnych proble­mów w trakcie analizy konkretnych zdań. Mówienie o „relacjach predykatywnych” w przypadku wypowiedzeń typu: She went to France i She did go to France jest niewystarczające, ponieważ składniki tych zdań mają różny status. Gramatyka metaoperacyjna pozwala rozróżniać zdania typu podmiot + orzeczenie (+ dopełnienie) i typu NP/VP, których struktura ukrywa status jednostek tworzących zdanie. Celem artykułu jest rewizja koncepcji predykacji. Przeprowadzone analizy dotyczą przede wszystkim operatorów języka angielskiego i francuskiego, nieliczne przykłady zaczerpnięte zostały również z języka niemieckiego i polskiego.
Rola pierwszej damy w sprawowaniu urzędu prezydenta Ukrainy (1994–2010)
Authors: Krokowska Olga
Published: May 2019

W artykule przeanalizowano rolę pierwszych dam (Ludmiły Kuczmy oraz Kateryny Juszczenko) w sprawowaniu urzędu prezydenta Ukrainy w latach 1996–2010. Przed rozpoczęciem badań sformułowano pytanie badawcze (czy pierwsze damy mogły wpływać na pozycję prezydenta w systemie politycznym?) oraz hipotezę badawczą (pierwsze damy wywierały znaczący wpływ na pozycję prezydenta w systemie  politycznym). Przedział czasowy wybrano ze względu na zachodzące w tym okresie normatywne przekształcenia systemu rządów na Ukrainie z republiki prezydencko-parlamentarnej w parlamentarno-prezydencką. W badaniach posłużono się analizą systemową i komparatystyczną. Przy opracowywaniu artykułu skorzystano ze źródeł książkowych, prasowych i internetowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają stwierdzić, iż pozycja prezydenta w dużej mierze jest uzależniona od czynników nienormatywnych, w tym od roli pierwszej damy.
Проблема изучения словосложения в славистике: исторический аспект
Authors: Аzarova Larysa
Published: May 2019

Jednym z celów artykułu jest próba przeglądu informacji historycznych o compositach w słowiańskiej literaturze językoznawczej. Przedstawiono w nim również poglądy na temat specyfiki złożeń w zagranicznej literaturze slawistycznej. W opracowaniu skupiono się na analizie tego typu konstrukcji jako jednym z najbardziej produktywnych sposobów tworzenia słów w językach słowiańskich w aspekcie diachronicznym. Najważniejszymi metodami badawczymi zastosowanymi w niniejszej analizie są: metoda opisu lingwistycznego połączonego z obserwacją i systematyzacją faktów i zjawisk językowych oraz metody statystyczna, porównawcza i złożona. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania sformułowano następujące wnioski: 1. Łączenie słów jest jedną z najstarszych metod w słowotwórstwie, znaną od początków rozwoju rosyjskiego języka literackiego.2. Metody i techniki łączenia słów ulegają zmianom: stare modele są ulepszane i udoskonalane, natomiast przestarzałe zanikają, ustępując miejsca nowym. 3. Wśród nowych formacji funkcjonujących we współczesnych językach słowiańskich composita stanowią znaczącą warstwę słownictwa o wyraźnych wzorcach strukturalnych i semantycznych. 4. Spośród różnych metod stosowanych w słowotwórstwie języków słowiańskich szczególne miejsce zajmuje łączenie słów. 5. Badaniem compositów zajmowali się językoznawcy różnych krajów i epok, od starożytnych gramatyków indyjskich po zachodnioeuropejskich i rosyjskich. 6. Łączenie słów stanowi olbrzymi potencjał rozwoju języka narodowego, daje możliwość tworzenia nowych wyrazów, jest środkiem kreacji artystycznej i literackiej, jak również przyczynia się do wzbogacania słownictwa terminologicznego. 7. Tematyka łączenia słów i powstawania compositów stanowi obecnie wieloaspektowy i wielopłaszczyznowy obiekt badań. Zainteresowanie nią wynika z dawności, żywotności oraz rozpowszechnienia tej metody słowotwórczej, a także z jej rosnącej aktywności.
Konkurencyjność gospodarstw mlecznych w krajach Unii Europejskiej w świetle danych FADN
Authors: Nowak Anna
Published: May 2019

Celem opracowania jest ocena konkurencyjności gospodarstw rolnych specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Badania zrealizowano w oparciu o dane systemu rachunkowości rolnej FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) z lat 2013–2015. Do krajów o dużym udziale gospodarstw mlecznych w ogólnej liczbie gospodarstw uczestniczących w FADN należą holandia, Luksemburg, Litwa, Łotwa, Austria i Niemcy. Badania wykazały, że prawie we wszystkich państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej badana grupa gospodarstw osiągała przewagi konkurencyjne w zakresie poziomu dochodu względem przeciętnej jego wartości w całej grupie gospodarstw rolnych. Badane gospodarstwa specjalistyczne w większości krajów UE osiągały także przewagi konkurencyjne pod względem wartości dochodu gospodarstwa rolnego w przeliczeniu na 1 ha UR. W przypadku produktywności pracy oraz wartości dodanej netto na osobę pełnozatrudnioną przewagi konkurencyjne wystąpiły w 19 krajach członkowskich. Większość krajów, w których nie zaobserwowano przewag konkurencyjnych gospodarstw typu krowy mleczne, to nowe kraje członkowskie UE.