bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trauma and thyroid-stimulating hormone abnormalities in pediatric patients
Authors: Aggarwal Shefali , Fogel Joshua , Kumar Krishan , Shabbir Nadeem
Published: May 2019

Background

There is limited literature on trauma and endocrine abnormalities in the pediatric trauma setting.

Aim

We studied demographic, medical history, injury experience, and mortality factors to determine their association with abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone in pediatric trauma patients.

Methods

The 414 pediatric trauma patients were from those seen at an emergency department. The primary outcome variable was abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone. Secondary outcome variables were abnormal high and abnormal low thyroid-stimulating hormone. Predictor variables were demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index), medical history (thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, psychiatric disease), injury experience (injury cause, injury severity score ≥ 15, moderate/severe traumatic brain injury, length of stay), and mortality (mortality, survival probability). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

There were 8.0% ( n = 33) with any abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone value. In the analysis for abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone, females (odds ratio:4.95, 95% confidence interval: 2.01, 12.21, p < 0.01) and traumatic brain injury (odds ratio: 8.11, 95% confidence interval: 2.51, 26.16, p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with increased odds. In the analysis for abnormal high thyroid-stimulating hormone (odds ratio: 3.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.37, 10.24, p < 0.05), traumatic brain injury (odds ratio: 11.59, 95% confidence interval: 3.45, 38.97, p < 0.001), and mortality (odds ratio: 35.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.40, 906.57, p < 0.05) were each significantly associated with increased odds. In the analysis for abnormal low thyroid-stimulating hormone, only females (odds ratio: 11.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.26, 97.60, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with increased odds.

Conclusion

In conclusion, females and traumatic brain injury have increased odds for abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone. Mortality has increased odds for abnormal high thyroid-stimulating hormone. We suggest that clinicians in the pediatric trauma setting carefully monitor females and traumatic brain injury patients with abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Collaboration and identity formation in strategic interorganizational partnerships: An exploration of swift identity processes
Authors: Ungureanu Paula , Bertolotti Fabiola , Mattarelli Elisa , Bellesia Francesca
Published: May 2019

We investigate how collective identity formation processes interplay with collaboration practices in an inter-organizational partnership promoting regional innovation. We found that initial collaboration challenges are dealt with by setting up an early “swift identity” which is associated with material artifacts to increase its strength and stability (“swift identity reification”). However, as the partnership evolves, the reified identity becomes misaligned with partners’ underdeveloped collaboration practices. To ensure realignment, new attempts at reification are performed, as partners buy time for learning how to collaborate. Our findings contribute to extant identity research by proposing alternative (i.e. “swift” and “reified”) mechanisms of identity formation in contexts characterized by both heterogeneity challenges and integration imperatives. They also integrate the debate about the role of identity formation in the evolution of interorganizational partnerships. For both literatures, we highlight the important role of materiality.
Exploring the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Patients
Authors: Jones Ellen , Nissen Lisa , McCarthy Alexandra , Steadman Kathryn , Windsor Carol
Published: May 2019

In Australia, it is estimated that around 17% to 87% of cancer patients have used one form of complementary therapy during their cancer treatment. There are numerous reasons and contributing factors for cancer patients to consider using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). CAM information and products are readily available. However, the level of evidence to support the benefits of use in the cancer setting is limited, and the associated adverse effects and interactions with conventional medicine may not be fully studied. Besides, not all health professionals favor the concept of integrative health approaches, or have the confidence in dealing with CAM due to a lack of knowledge and standardization of practices. A thematic review of the literature was performed on the main contributing factors to cancer patients’ use of CAM, as well as the current issues that may be encountered by the patients and health professionals.
Collecting “Africa” at the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College
Authors: Thompson Barbara
Published: May 2019

The Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College, one of the oldest and largest college museums in the country, is comprised of more than 65,000 objects from around the world made in a wide range of types, styles, origins, and media, with some regional collections being almost encyclopedic. In more recent years, the Hood has begun to expand its collecting interests to include not just ancient and historical works created in “traditional” African cultural contexts, but also works by contemporary artists living in and away from Africa. This new direction poses significant challenges to the larger conceptual and practical framework not only of the Hood Museum of Art, but also broader museum practices in general. This essay will focus on the Hood's activities over the past five years in questioning its own collection and exhibition practices. Providing individual case studies of experimental strategies and practices recently used at the Hood, this essay will reveal the slippery slope upon which museums stand today in redefining their ideologies and practices in an ever-diversifying and “globalized” art world.
Guiding Tradition King Ishindi's Royal Collection
Authors: Jordán Manuel
Published: May 2019

The University of Iowa's (Stanley) African art collection contains a number of important nineteenth century Lunda-Chokwe royal items created during these peoples’ period of territorial and political expansion in areas of Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. Based on recent field documentation, this essay considers the Stanley art objects in comparison to a collection of similar works currently housed in the palace and royal treasury of Lunda paramount chief Ishindi of Zambia. This essay will explore the contextual differences a museum vs. a royal treasury represents and suggests what the “life” of historic art objects in the Stanley collection may have been. This exploration will help create a picture of the original/ceremonial context for the museum pieces and provide a deeper understanding of the efficacy and function of the works of art.
Estimation of the radiant performance of flame-retardant fabrics considering thermal degradation effect
Authors: Feng Qianqian , Zhu FL , Hu Jianfeng
Published: May 2019

Specially designed thermal protective clothing is used by firefighters and furnace operators for safety against intense heat flux exposures. Radiative transfer becomes the main heat transfer mode under such high temperature conditions. This work dealt with the effects of thermal degradation on the radiant protective performance and radiative properties of Polysulfonamide and Nomex IIIA fabrics at virgin state and pyrolyzed state, respectively. Simultaneously, the thermal stability and flame retardancy of both fabrics were compared by using thermogravimetry, vertical burning test, and limit oxygen index methods. The obtained results of thermal degradation effect on radiative properties demonstrated that both of the reflectance and transmittance of the two kinds of fabrics at virgin condition are higher than those at pyrolyzed state. On the other hand, the radiant protective performance values of both fabrics at charred condition were lower as compared to those at virgin state. This study will be helpful to estimate the continuing performance of firefighters’ protective fabrics after thermal exposures during firefighting operations.
Improvements in Pain, Well-being, Arterial Pressure, and Lower Limb Volume Following Andullation Therapy in Healthy and Unhealthy Humans
Authors: Parras-Moltó Alba , Ribas-Serna Juan
Published: May 2019

Our aim was to test the effects of Andullation therapy on pain threshold, pain perception, feeling of well-being, arterial pressure, and leg volume in healthy and unhealthy patients. We used a multidirectional vibration (frequency range: 5–40 Hz; peak-to-peak amplitude: 2–8 mm; acceleration: 0.4–2 m/s2) in an undulatory way through the surface of the body when the patient was in contact with a mattress (“andullation”). The vibes traveled from the heel to the head in a random fashion while the participants (N = 50) were lying on the mattress. We measured the pain threshold using an algometer; pain perception and well-being through a visual analog scale (VAS); arterial pressure with an electronic sphygmomanometer; and leg volume with Kuhnke’s technique. Measurements were made just before the first andullation session and after the fifth andullation session. Every participant received andullation sessions of 30 min a day for 5 consecutive days. The patients’ pain threshold significantly ( P < .001) increased by 34.48% and 25.79% in the lumbar and trapezius zones, respectively, after 5 sessions of therapy. The subjective perception of pain decreased by 52.3% and the feeling of well-being increased by 45.1%. The systolic and diastolic pressures significantly ( P < .001) decreased by 6.44 and 4.68 mm Hg on average, respectively. Leg volume significantly decreased ( P < .01) by 64.39 mL after the fifth andullation session. Despite not including a control group in our study, the andullation intervention showed an improvement in pain, well-being, arterial pressure, and lower limb volume in the studied population.
The Visualization of Migration
Authors: Wintzer Jeannine
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on the election posters for the initiative Gegen Masseneinwanderung ( Against Mass Immigration) launched by the national conservative Swiss People’s Party (Schweizer Volkspartei) in February 2014. Based on qualitative visual analysis, I discuss how sociospatial phenomena are visualized to convey political messages. First, I undertake the important task of identifying discursive and visual elements of the image, as well as the image–text pattern in order to understand how meaning is created. Second, I investigate the concrete praxis of the image: How do images argue, substantiate, and demonstrate in a way that allows viewers to make meaning out of them? Third, I follow a productive step of contextualizing the praxis of the image. To understand how visual messages are effectively conveyed, and how images help to create a politically strategic context and persuade viewers, involves examining the narratives and contexts that the images rely on in order to be understood by viewers. Visual analysis allows for insights into the ways in which visual constructions of reality are created. Furthermore, this article offers methodological strategies that are key to understanding how images are used to depict and construct realities and how these realities are accepted as true, as it is the case with the posters designed for the Against Mass Immigration initiative.
A novel scheduling method for automated guided vehicles in workshop environments
Authors: Wang Fuli , Zhang Yi , Su Zuqiang
Published: May 2019

At present, the commonly used task scheduling methods of automated guided vehicle do not fully consider the influence of power consumption, the workshop environment, and other factors, resulting in the disparity between scheduling methods and practical applications. This article contributes to filling this gap by modifying the model and algorithm that can meet the real-time application in the factory. First, a scheduling model is established according to both the number of depots and the automated guided vehicle’s battery consumption, so that the result of task allocation is more reasonable. Then, according to the area, distribution, shape characteristics of obstacles, and the number of depots contained in the environment, this article derives a new coefficient which is constructed as the weighted value of the distance between workstations to improve the robustness of the model. Finally, the modified genetic algorithm is used to obtain the scheduling results. The simulation results show the effectiveness and the rationality of the proposed method.
Intruder capture algorithms considering visible intruders
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: May 2019

In this article, we consider the problem of using multiple robots (searchers) to capture intruders in an environment. Assume that a robot can access the position of an intruder in real time, that is, an intruder is visible by a robot. We simplify the environment so that robots and worst-case intruders move along a weighted graph, which is a topological map of the environment. In such settings, a worst-case intruder is characterized by unbounded speed, complete awareness of searcher location and intent, and full knowledge of the search environment. The weight of an edge or a vertex in a weighted graph is a cost describing the clearing requirement of the edge or the vertex. This article provides non-monotone search algorithms to capture every visible intruder. Our algorithms are easy to implement, thus are suitable for practical robot applications. Based on the non-monotone search algorithms, we derive the minimum number of robots required to clear a weighted tree graph. Considering a general weighted graph, we derive bounds for the number of robots required. Finally, we present switching algorithms to improve the time efficiency of capturing intruders while not increasing the number of robots. We verify the effectiveness of our approach using MATLAB simulations.
Stigma: a linguistic analysis of the UK red-top tabloids press’ representation of schizophrenia
Authors: Bowen M , Kinderman P , Cooke A
Published: May 2019

Aims:

Media representations of mental health problems may influence readers’ understanding of, and attitude towards, people who have received psychiatric diagnoses. Negative beliefs and attitudes may then lead to discriminatory behaviour, which is understood as stigma. This study explored the language used in popular national newspapers when writing about schizophrenia and considered how this may have contributed to the processes of stigmatisation towards people with this diagnosis.

Methods:

Using corpus linguistic methods, a sample of newspaper articles over a 24-month period that mentioned the word ‘schizophrenia’ was compared with a similar sample of articles about diabetes. This enabled a theory-driven exploration of linguistic characteristics to explore stigmatising messages, while supported by statistical tests (log-likelihood) to compare the data sets and identify words with a high relative frequency.

Results:

Analysis of the ‘schizophrenia’ data set identified that overtly stigmatising language (e.g. ‘schizo’) was relatively infrequent, but that there was frequent use of linguistic signatures of violence. Articles frequently used graphic language referring to acts of violence, descriptions of violent acts, implements used in violence, identity labels and exemplars of well-known individuals who had committed violent acts. The word ‘schizophrenic’ was used with a high frequency ( n = 108) and most commonly to name individuals who had committed acts of violence.

Discussion:

The study suggests that while the press has largely avoided the use of words that press guidance has steered them away from (e.g. ‘schizo’ and ‘psycho’), they still use a range of graphic language to present people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia as frighteningly ‘other’ and as prone to violence. This repetition of negative stereotypical messages may well contribute to the processes of stigmatisation many people who experience psychosis have to contend with.
European Citizens’ Consultations: Consultation begins at home
Authors: Butcher Paul , Pronckutė Simona
Published: May 2019

In 2018 the European Citizens’ Consultations took place throughout Europe. These events were organised by national governments and local actors, and thus represented a significantly increased role for the member states in communicating about Europe, a task which had previously been carried out chiefly by EU bodies. Thus, the Citizens’ Consultations hold great potential for the application of the principle of subsidiarity to citizens’ engagement and inclusion in decision-making. However, for the consultations to be successful, political leaders need to ensure that the results are reflected in the European Parliament election campaign and the agenda of the new leadership, demonstrating that citizens’ voices are being heard in Brussels. This article will give background information about the European Citizens’ Consultations, evaluate their potential and provide recommendations on how policymakers can ensure this new tool is used effectively.
Lignans and Terpenoids From the Fruits of Vitex kwangsiensia and Their Inhibitory Activity on Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages
Authors: Shen Tong , Wang Yongdong , Zhu Zhiming , Wang Xiujie , Tian Tian
Published: May 2019

Phytochemical investigation of the fruits from Vitex kwangsiensia led to the isolation of 18 constituents, including 6 lignans (1-6), 3 diterpenoids (7-9), 2 sesquiterpenoids (10, 11), 2 triterpenoids (16, 17), and 5 other compounds. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods (mass spectroscopy, infrared, UV, 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance) and comparison with reported data in the literatures. Among these constituents, compound 1 was a new lignan and named as vitekwangin A. The spectroscopic data of 2 was reported herein for the first time, and given a trivial name vitekwangin B. The isolated lignans, diterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids were evaluated for their inhibitory activity to prevent nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.
Barbie-Cueing Weight Perception
Authors: Saccone Elizabeth J. , Chouinard Philippe A.
Published: May 2019

It was previously reported that Barbie feels heavier than Ken when both dolls are matched for mass. However, we felt it was unclear from this earlier report if the effects went beyond a typical size-weight illusion. By providing better controls, we conclude more confidently that doll features other than size influence weight perception. Specifically, conceptual knowledge, in the form of culturally reinforced biases, seems to affect how we perceive their weight.
Prevalence of visual impairment among school children in three primary schools of Sekela Woreda, Amhara regional state, north-west Ethiopia
Authors: Zelalem Mengistu , Abebe Yekoye , Adamu Yilikal , Getinet Tewodros
Published: May 2019

Background:

Although there are limited studies, recent data are lacking to determine the prevalence of eye problems in Ethiopia accurately and there is no scientific evidence of such study in Sekela Woreda. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children in Sekela Woreda, Ethiopia.

Methods:

The study design was a community-based analytical cross-sectional with a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique from September to November 2016.Visual acuity was tested using Snellen’s “E” chart while color vision was tested using Ishihara chart. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with visual impairment.

Results:

A total of 875 participants, 466 (53.3%) males and 409 (46.7%) females, with an age range of 8–18 years were screened for visual acuity and color vision deficiency. The prevalence of visual impairment (visual acuity ⩽ 6/12) in “either eye” was 70 (8.0%). Among these, 37 (52.9%) were males and 33 (41.1%) were females. The prevalence of low vision (visual acuity [Formula: see text]) and blindness (visual acuity < 3/60) in “either eye” were 28 (3.2%) and 10 (1.1%), respectively. Thirty two (3.7%) had mild visual impairment [Formula: see text]. The prevalence of color vision deficiency was 36 (4.1%). Among these, 27 (3%) were males and 9 (1.1%) were females. The variables age (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.14 (1.01–1.28) and color blindness (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 3.93(1.69–9.09) were significantly associated with visual impairment.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of blindness and low vision in school children were higher than the national prevalence in Ethiopia. Increasing age and color defective vision were factors associated with the children’s visual impairment. The Woreda health office ought to work with responsible stakeholders to tackle the situation in early childhood.
Cholesteatoma in a cat
Authors: Alexander Akash , Mahoney Paul , Scurrell Emma , Baines Stephen
Published: May 2019

Case summary

A 14-year-old neutered female Burmese cat was referred for investigation of a caudal oropharyngeal mass. CT showed a thin walled cyst-like structure filling and expanding from the right tympanic bulla. Histopathology showed fragments of mildly dysplastic squamous epithelium and aggregates of keratin. These findings were considered consistent with a diagnosis of cholesteatoma.

Relevance and novel information

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a cholesteatoma in a cat. Cholesteatoma should be considered a differential diagnosis for cats presenting with a caudal oropharyngeal mass, a history of chronic ear disease or a history of previous, surgically managed middle ear disease. Advanced imaging and biopsies should be considered important in the diagnosis of these lesions.
Rapid Involution of Large Cardiac Rhabdomyomas With Everolimus Therapy
Authors: Garg Ashish , Gorla Sudheer R. , Kardon Richard E. , Swaminathan Sethuraman
Published: May 2019

Rhabdomyoma of the fetal heart is a rare disease accounting for about 1% of all fetal cardiac structural anomalies. They are often found in association with tuberous sclerosis complex. Large cardiac rhabdomyomas can compromise the cardiac function. We report a case of multiple large rhabdomyomas of the right and left ventricles, affecting the cardiac function, which was successfully treated with the chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive medication everolimus, in a neonate with genetically confirmed tuberous sclerosis complex with multisystem manifestations. There was rapid involution of the tumors in response to everolimus therapy in this infant.
Examination of Turkish University Students’ Internet Addiction in Relation to Their Parental Attachment Styles and Sociodemographics
Authors: Kumcağız Hatice
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine university students’ Internet addiction in relation to their parental attachment and sociodemographics. The participants consisted of 402 university students aged 17 to 25 years, 249 (61.9%) of whom were female and 153 (38.1%) of whom were male. The participants completed a questionnaire comprising the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Internet Addiction Test–Short Version (IAT-SV), and a personal information form. The data were analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the one-way ANOVA suggested that students whose fathers had low educational levels were more likely to have higher Internet addiction scores than those students whose fathers had high educational levels. The results of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient suggested that university students’ Internet addiction scores were negatively correlated with their age, grade point average, maternal care, maternal overprotection, paternal care, and paternal overprotection. However, the results of a stepwise regression analysis suggested that the most important predictors of Internet addiction scores were maternal overprotection and paternal overprotection; the results also suggested that age, grade point average, maternal care, paternal care, and father’s educational level did not explain the additional variance in Internet addiction scores above and beyond the maternal overprotection and paternal overprotection scores.
Massage for Symptom Management in Adult Inpatients With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Kuon Carla , Wannier Rae , Harrison James , Tague Carolyn
Published: May 2019

Background

Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant often suffer from a predictable constellation of side effects related to therapy. Nonpharmacologic treatments for these side effects are attractive adjuncts to therapy due to a low side-effect profile.

Objective

To develop, implement, and evaluate a pilot program of massage therapy for symptom management in adult patients with hematologic malignancies admitted to the bone marrow transplant (BMT) service at a large academic medical center.

Methods

A single-arm feasibility study of massage therapy was conducted. Pre- and postintervention surveys were collected to assess the usefulness in management of 7 symptoms.

Results

Over an 11.5-month period, 109 patients received 142 massage treatments. one in five patients received more than one massage. We received surveys on 134 massage treatments. Patients reported significant reductions in anxiety, distress, fatigue, pain, and tension ( P < .01) and improved sleep as a result of massage therapy.

Conclusion

Based on this pilot, massage therapy is a feasible and safe intervention to administer during BMT hospitalizations. It proved useful in managing a constellation of 5 side effects including, anxiety, distress, fatigue, pain, and tension.
Hepatic leukemia factor is a novel leukemic stem cell regulator in DNMT3A, NPM1, and FLT3-ITD triple-mutated AML
Authors: Garg Swati , Reyes-Palomares Armando , He Lixiazi , Bergeron Anne , Lavallée Vincent-Philippe , Lemieux Sébastien , Gendron Patrick , Rohde Christian , Xia Jianglong , Jagdhane Prarabdha , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Lipka Daniel B. , Imren Suzan , Humphries R. Keith , Waskow Claudia , Vick Binje , Jeremias Irmela , Richard-Carpentier Guillaume , Hébert Josée , Sauvageau Guy , Zaugg Judith B. , Barabé Frédéric , Pabst Caroline
Published: May 2019

FLT3, DNMT3A, and NPM1 are the most frequently mutated genes in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but little is known about how these mutations synergize upon cooccurrence. Here we show that triple-mutated AML is characterized by high leukemia stem cell (LSC) frequency, an aberrant leukemia-specific GPR56highCD34low immunophenotype, and synergistic upregulation of Hepatic Leukemia Factor (HLF). Cell sorting based on the LSC marker GPR56 allowed isolation of triple-mutated from DNMT3A/NPM1 double-mutated subclones. Moreover, in DNMT3A R882-mutated patients, CpG hypomethylation at the HLF transcription start site correlated with high HLF mRNA expression, which was itself associated with poor survival. Loss of HLF via CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced the CD34+GPR56+ LSC compartment of primary human triple-mutated AML cells in serial xenotransplantation assays. HLF knockout cells were more actively cycling when freshly harvested from mice, but rapidly exhausted when reintroduced in culture. RNA sequencing of primary human triple-mutated AML cells after shRNA-mediated HLF knockdown revealed the NOTCH target Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1C/p57 as novel targets of HLF, potentially mediating these effects. Overall, our data establish HLF as a novel LSC regulator in this genetically defined high-risk AML subgroup.
The enhancer RNA ARIEL activates the oncogenic transcriptional program in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tan Shi Hao , Leong Wei Zhong , Ngoc Phuong Cao Thi , Tan Tze King , Bertulfo Fatima Carla , Lim Mei Chee , An Omer , Li Zhenhua , Yeoh Allen Eng Juh , Fullwood Melissa J. , Tenen Daniel G. , Sanda Takaomi
Published: May 2019

The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1 regulates the transcriptional program in T-ALL. ARID5B is one of the critical downstream targets of TAL1, which further activates the oncogenic regulatory circuit in T-ALL cells. Here, we elucidated the molecular functions of the noncoding RNA, ARID5B-inducing enhancer associated long noncoding RNA (ARIEL), in T-ALL pathogenesis. We demonstrated that ARIEL is specifically activated in TAL1+ T-ALL cases, and its expression is associated with ARID5B enhancer activity. ARIEL recruits mediator proteins to the ARID5B enhancer, promotes enhancer-promoter interactions, and activates the expression of ARID5B, thereby positively regulating the TAL1-induced transcriptional program and the MYC oncogene. The TAL1 complex coordinately regulates the expression of ARIEL. Knockdown of ARIEL inhibits cell growth and survival of T-ALL cells in culture and blocks disease progression in a murine xenograft model. Our results indicate that ARIEL plays an oncogenic role as an enhancer RNA in T-ALL.
Patrolling monocytes scavenge endothelial-adherent sickle RBCs: a novel mechanism of inhibition of vaso-occlusion in SCD
Authors: Liu Yunfeng , Zhong Hui , Bao Weili , Mendelson Avital , An Xiuli , Shi Patricia , Chou Stella T. , Manwani Deepa , Yazdanbakhsh Karina
Published: May 2019

Painful vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the most common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Increasing evidence suggests that vaso-occlusion is initiated by increased adherence of sickle red blood cells (RBCs) to the vascular endothelium. Thus, the mechanisms that remove endothelial-attached sickle RBCs from the microvasculature are expected to be critical for optimal blood flow and prevention of VOC in SCD. We hypothesized that patrolling monocytes (PMos), which protect against vascular damage by scavenging cellular debris, could remove endothelial-adherent sickle RBCs and ameliorate VOC in SCD. We detected RBC (GPA+)-engulfed material in circulating PMos of patients with SCD, and their frequency was further increased during acute crisis. RBC uptake by PMos was specific to endothelial-attached sickle, but not control, RBCs and occurred mostly through ICAM-1, CD11a, and CD18. Heme oxygenase 1 induction, by counteracting the cytotoxic effects of engulfed RBC breakdown products, increased PMo viability. In addition, transfusions, by lowering sickle RBC uptake, improved PMo survival. Selective depletion of PMos in Townes sickle mice exacerbated vascular stasis and tissue damage, whereas treatment with muramyl dipeptide (NOD2 ligand), which increases PMo mass, reduced stasis and SCD associated organ damage. Altogether, these data demonstrate a novel mechanism for removal of endothelial attached sickle RBCs mediated by PMos that can protect against VOC pathogenesis, further supporting PMos as a promising therapeutic target in SCD VOC.
Osteopontin mediates murine transfusion-related acute lung injury via stimulation of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation
Authors: Kapur Rick , Kasetty Gopinath , Rebetz Johan , Egesten Arne , Semple John W.
Published: May 2019

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related fatalities and is characterized by the onset of acute respiratory distress within 6 hours upon blood transfusion. Specific therapies are unavailable. Preexisting inflammation is a risk factor for TRALI and neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs]) are considered to be the major pathogenic cells. Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein expressed at sites of inflammation and, for example, is involved in pulmonary disorders, can regulate cellular migration, and can function as a PMN chemoattractant. We investigated whether OPN is involved in TRALI induction by promoting PMN recruitment to the lungs. Using a previously established murine TRALI model, we found that in contrast to wild-type (WT) mice, OPN knockout (KO) mice were resistant to antibody-mediated PMN-dependent TRALI induction. Administration of purified OPN to the OPN KO mice, however, restored the TRALI response and pulmonary PMN accumulation. Alternatively, blockade of OPN in WT mice using an anti-OPN antibody prevented the onset of TRALI induction. Using pulmonary immunohistochemistry, OPN could be specifically detected in the lungs of mice that suffered from TRALI. The OPN-mediated TRALI response seemed dependent on macrophages, likely the cellular source of OPN and OPN polymerization, and independent from the OPN receptor CD44, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other PMN chemoattractants including macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). These data indicate that OPN is critically required for induction of antibody-mediated murine TRALI through localization to the lungs and stimulation of pulmonary PMN recruitment. This suggests that anti-OPN antibody therapy may be a potential therapeutic strategy to explore in TRALI patients.
Getting Messy with Authentic Data: Exploring the Potential of Using Data from Scientific Research to Support Student Data Literacy
Authors: Kjelvik Melissa K. , Schultheis Elizabeth H.
Published: May 2019

Data are becoming increasingly important in science and society, and thus data literacy is a vital asset to students as they prepare for careers in and outside science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and go on to lead productive lives. In this paper, we discuss why the strongest learning experiences surrounding data literacy may arise when students are given opportunities to work with authentic data from scientific research. First, we explore the overlap between the fields of quantitative reasoning, data science, and data literacy, specifically focusing on how data literacy results from practicing quantitative reasoning and data science in the context of authentic data. Next, we identify and describe features that influence the complexity of authentic data sets (selection, curation, scope, size, and messiness) and implications for data-literacy instruction. Finally, we discuss areas for future research with the aim of identifying the impact that authentic data may have on student learning. These include defining desired learning outcomes surrounding data use in the classroom and identification of teaching best practices when using data in the classroom to develop students’ data-literacy abilities.
Big Data to the Bench: Transcriptome Analysis for Undergraduates
Authors: Procko Carl , Morrison Steven , Dunar Courtney , Mills Sara , Maldonado Brianna , Cockrum Carlee , Peters Nathan Emmanuel , Huang Shao-shan Carol , Chory Joanne
Published: May 2019

Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methods are revolutionizing biology. Their prevalence requires biologists to be increasingly knowledgeable about computational methods to manage the enormous scale of data. As such, early introduction to NGS analysis and conceptual connection to wet-lab experiments is crucial for training young scientists. However, significant challenges impede the introduction of these methods into the undergraduate classroom, including the need for specialized computer programs and knowledge of computer coding. Here, we describe a semester-long, course-based undergraduate research experience at a liberal arts college combining RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis with student-driven, wet-lab experiments to investigate plant responses to light. Students derived hypotheses based on analysis of RNA-seq data and designed follow-up studies of gene expression and plant growth. Our assessments indicate that students acquired knowledge of big data analysis and computer coding; however, earlier exposure to computational methods may be beneficial. Our course requires minimal prior knowledge of plant biology, is easy to replicate, and can be modified to a shorter, directed-inquiry module. This framework promotes exploration of the links between gene expression and phenotype using examples that are clear and tractable and improves computational skills and bioinformatics self-efficacy to prepare students for the “big data” era of modern biology.
Exploring the Impact of Formal Internships on Biomedical Graduate and Postgraduate Careers: An Interview Study
Authors: Chatterjee Deepshikha , Ford J. Kevin , Rojewski Julie , Watts Stephanie W.
Published: May 2019

Graduate students and postdocs in science, technology, engineering, and math fields are faced with a wide range of career paths to employment, but they are often not trained to effectively pursue these opportunities. The lack of career management skills implies long tenures in graduate school for many students, especially as tenure-track positions in academia dwindle. At our university, we used a cohort model in which graduate students and postdocs were encouraged to apply to the Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training program (BEST under the aegis of the National Institutes of Health) that provided opportunities to gain career management skills, engage in career exploration, and complete at least one formal internship. In this interview study of the BEST trainees, we investigated the efficacy of internships as career exploration tools and associated outcomes. Our findings show that internships were seen as effective career exploration and self-development vehicles that influenced participants’ long-term career goals. Graduate students and postdocs reported gaining transferable knowledge and skills, in addition to receiving valuable industry mentoring and networking opportunities.
Sociodemographic and educational characteristics of doctors applying for psychiatry training in the UK: secondary analysis of data from the UK Medical Education Database project
Authors: Lambe Paul J. , Gale Thomas C. E. , Price Tristan , Roberts Martin J.
Published: May 2019

Aims and method

Workforce shortages in psychiatry are common worldwide. The international literature provides insights into factors influencing decisions to train in psychiatry but is predominately survey based. This national cohort study aimed to identify the characteristics of doctors who were most likely to apply to psychiatry training programmes. The sample comprised doctors who entered UK medical schools in 2007/8 and who made first-time specialty training applications in 2015. The association between application to psychiatry and doctors' sociodemographic and educational characteristics was examined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Those most likely to apply were White, privately educated older doctors with below average performance at medical school.

Clinical implications

To reduce workforce shortages, psychiatry must make itself more attractive to all doctors, especially those from underrepresented groups such as state-educated Black and minority ethnic individuals. Otherwise, national policies to widen participation in the study of medicine by such groups may exacerbate the current recruitment crisis.
Subsequent Breast Cancer in Female Childhood Cancer Survivors in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE)
Authors: Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Howell Carrie R. , Hale Karen , Baassiri Malek J. , Rodriguez Carol , Wilson Carmen L. , Joshi Surekha S. , Lemond Thomas C. , Shope Sheila , Howell Rebecca M. , Wang Zhaoming , Srivastava Deokumar , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Zhang Jinghui , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. , Hudson Melissa M.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Anthracycline-associated risk for subsequent breast cancer in childhood cancer survivors is hypothesized to be mediated by TP53 mutation-related gene-environment interactions. We characterized treatment/genetic risks and the impact of screening for breast cancer in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Female participants underwent risk-based assessments, prior health event validation, chest radiation dosimetry, and whole genome sequencing. Breast biopsy reports were reviewed. A subgroup (n = 139) underwent both breast magnetic resonance imaging and mammography. Multivariable regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Among 1,467 women, 56 developed 68 breast cancers at a median age 38.6 (range, 24.5 to 53.0) years. Cumulative incidences at age 35 years were 1% (no chest radiation) and 8% (≥ 10 Gy of chest radiation). In adjusted models, breast cancer was associated with 20 Gy or more of chest radiation versus none (HR, 7.6; 95% CI, 2.9 to 20.4), anthracycline exposure versus none (1 to 249 mg/m2: HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 6.2; ≥ 250 mg/m2: HR, 13.4, 95% CI, 5.5 to 32.5), and having a breast cancer predisposition gene mutation (HR, 23.0; 95% CI, 7.3 to 72.2). Anthracyclines 250 mg/m2 or greater remained significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in models excluding survivors with cancer predisposition gene mutations, chest radiation 10 Gy or greater, or both. Sensitivity/specificity were 53.8%/96.3% for mammography, 69.2%/91.4% for magnetic resonance imaging, and 85.8%/99.7% for dual imaging. Breast cancers detected by imaging and/or prophylactic mastectomy compared with physical findings were more likely to be in situ carcinomas, smaller, without lymph node involvement, and treated without chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION

Higher doses of anthracyclines are associated with increased risk of breast cancer independent of mutations in known cancer predisposition genes. Surveillance imaging identifies breast cancers less likely to require chemotherapy than those detected by physical findings.
Sarcoma as a Model for Adolescent and Young Adult Care
Authors: Reed Damon R. , Naghavi Arash , Binitie Odion
Published: May 2019

Sarcomas occur across all ages and are relatively abundant in the adolescent and young adult populations compared with older adults. Because of an overall rarity combined with a broad diversity of diagnoses, expertise is often concentrated in comprehensive cancer centers. The sarcoma model of care is an excellent model for overall adolescent and young adult care. We summarize some of the natural advantages of the field for developing adolescent and young adult programs, review management and referral touchpoints, and summarize recent biologic and clinical trial insights that have affected sarcoma management recently.
Sex-Specific Association of Circulating Ferritin Level and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Kai , Lo Kenneth , Zhong Yueyang , Yang Aimin , Fang Xuexian , Akezhuoli Hailati , Song Zijun , Chen Liyun , An Peng , Xu Mingqing , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi
Published: May 2019

Context

Although the role of iron in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has long been a concern, prospective studies directly linking body iron stores to T2D risk in a sex-dependent context have been inconsistent.

Objective

A systematic meta-analysis was conducted to explore the sex-specific association of circulating ferritin with T2D risk.

Data Sources

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases to identify available prospective studies through 1 August 2018.

Results

Fifteen prospective studies comprising 77,352 participants and 18,404 patients with T2D, aged 20 to 80 years, and with ∼3 to 17 years of follow-up were identified. For each 100-μg/L increment in ferritin levels of overall participants, T2D risk increased by 22% (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.31). Of note, major heterogeneities by sex were identified, with increased ferritin level having an apparently greater effect on T2D risk in women (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.82) than in men (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.27) after exclusion of a study with high heterogeneity (41,512 men and 6974 women for sex-specific analyses; P = 0.020 for sex difference). Further nonlinear analysis between circulating ferritin and T2D risk also showed sex-dimorphic association in that the T2D risk of women was twice as strong in magnitude as that of men at the same ferritin level.

Conclusions

Greater circulating ferritin levels were independently associated with increased T2D risk, which appeared stronger among women than men. Our findings provide prospective evidence for further testing of the utility of ferritin levels in predicting T2D risk in a sex-specific manner.
MON-181 Evaluation of the GLUCOCARD Shine Connex Bluetooth Enabled Blood Glucose Monitoring System's Ease of Use
Authors: Walker Julie , Thompson Taylor , Gill Patricia , Shankar Raji
Published: May 2019

Background: It is important that a Blood Glucose Monitoring System (BGMS) is easy to use since it is a critical tool used in the self-management of diabetes, including the prevention of micro and macrovascular complications. The “Ease of Use” consumer study is typically evaluated as part of the FDA 510(k) approval process for BGMS. Purpose: The objective of this study was to further verify the Ease of Use of the GLUCOCARD Shine Connex Bluetooth Enabled BGMS. Methods: A total of 20 subjects with confirmed diabetes between the ages of 40 to 89 participated in the IRB-approved study at ARKRAY in Minneapolis, MN during October 2018. 80.0% of the subjects fell between the ages of 60 to 89 years of age. The subjects were asked to perform a fingerstick self-test and answer a questionnaire directed at the Ease of Use of the device and test strip. All the subjects responded to the topics in the questionnaire which included, “Removing a Test Strip from Bottle”, “Inserting a Test Strip into the Meter”, “Removing a Test Strip from the Meter”, “Performing a Blood Glucose Test from your Fingertip” and “Reading Meter Display”. The subjects were asked to rate the topics as Very Easy, Easy, OK, Difficult, or Very Difficult. For evaluation purposes, these topics were grouped as Positive [Very Easy/Easy/OK] and Negative [Difficult/Very Difficult]. Results: From the questionnaire, “Removing a Test Strip from Bottle” and “Inserting a Test Strip into the Meter” received a 95.0% positive rating while all the remaining topics received a 100.0% positive rating, including “Removing a Test Strip from the Meter”, “Performing a Blood Glucose Test from your Fingertip” and “Reading Meter Display”. Conclusion: The GLUCOCARD Shine Connex Bluetooth Enabled BGMS scored a 98.0% positive overall average Ease of Use rating by the subjects.