bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parietal Cortex Integrates Saccade and Object Orientation Signals to Update Grasp Plans
Authors: Baltaretu Bianca R. , Monaco Simona , Velji-Ibrahim Jena , Luabeya Gaelle N. , Crawford J. Douglas
Published: April 2020

Coordinated reach-to-grasp movements are often accompanied by rapid eye movements (saccades) that displace the desired object image relative to the retina. Parietal cortex compensates for this by updating reach goals relative to current gaze direction, but its role in the integration of oculomotor and visual orientation signals for updating grasp plans is unknown. Based on a recent perceptual experiment, we hypothesized that inferior parietal cortex (specifically supramarginal gyrus [SMG]) integrates saccade and visual signals to update grasp plans in additional intraparietal/superior parietal regions. To test this hypothesis in humans (7 females, 6 males), we used a functional magnetic resonance paradigm, where saccades sometimes interrupted grasp preparation toward a briefly presented object that later reappeared (with the same/different orientation) just before movement. Right SMG and several parietal grasp regions, namely, left anterior intraparietal sulcus and bilateral superior parietal lobule, met our criteria for transsaccadic orientation integration: they showed task-dependent saccade modulations and, during grasp execution, they were specifically sensitive to changes in object orientation that followed saccades. Finally, SMG showed enhanced functional connectivity with both prefrontal saccade regions (consistent with oculomotor input) and anterior intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal lobule (consistent with sensorimotor output). These results support the general role of parietal cortex for the integration of visuospatial perturbations, and provide specific cortical modules for the integration of oculomotor and visual signals for grasp updating.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow does the brain simultaneously compensate for both external and internally driven changes in visual input? For example, how do we grasp an unstable object while eye movements are simultaneously changing its retinal location? Here, we used fMRI to identify a group of inferior parietal (supramarginal gyrus) and superior parietal (intraparietal and superior parietal) regions that show saccade-specific modulations during unexpected changes in object/grasp orientation, and functional connectivity with frontal cortex saccade centers. This provides a network, complementary to the reach goal updater, that integrates visuospatial updating into grasp plans, and may help to explain some of the more complex symptoms associated with parietal damage, such as constructional ataxia.
Madam President
Authors: Daniels Ashley
Published: April 2020

Throughout the fifty-year history of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists (NCOBPS), fourteen women have served as president. In honor of the golden anniversary of NCOBPS and to highlight the experience of Black women as presidents of professional academic organizations, six of the twelve living former Black women presidents reflect on the triumphs and challenges of their tenures as former leaders through the lens of race and gender. Using a Black feminist/womanist life history study approach, this article features the written narratives of these leaders, spanning the period from 1980 to 2019. The semi-structured email interviews were conducted between May 2018 and July 2019. This article enhances our understanding of how race and gender identity can influence the decision-making of Black women presidents and how that impacts the direction of an institution like NCOBPS.
Multiple endocrinological failures as a clinical presentation of a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ach Taieb , Wojewoda Perrine , Toullet Flora , Ducloux Roxane , Avérous Véronique
Published: April 2020

Multiple endocrine metastases are a rare but possible complication of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). Pituitary metastasis is a rare condition with poor clinical expression. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is its most common presenting symptom. Here we report an original case of a pituitary stalk (PS) metastasis from LAC presenting as central DI followed by adrenal insufficiency (AI) from bilateral adrenal metastasis, without known evidence of the primary malignancy. A 45-year-old woman whose first clinical manifestations were polyuria and polydipsia was admitted. She was completely asymptomatic with no cough, no weight loss or anorexia. Chest radiography was normal. Brain MRI showed a thick pituitary stalk (PS). DI was confirmed by water restriction test and treated with vasopressin with great clinical results. Explorations for systemic and infectious disease were negative. Few months later, an acute AI led to discovering bilateral adrenal mass on abdominal CT. A suspicious 2.3 cm apical lung nodule was found later. Histopathological adrenal biopsy revealed an LAC. The patient received systemic chemotherapy with hormonal replacement for endocrinological failures by both vasopressin and hydrocortisone. We present this rare case of metastatic PS thickness arising from LAC associated with bilateral adrenal metastasis. Screening of patients with DI and stalk thickness for lung and breast cancer must be considered. Multiple endocrine failures as a diagnostic motive of LAC is a rare but possible circumstance.

Learning points:

Adrenal metastasis is a common location in lung adenocarcinoma; however, metastatic involvement of the pituitary stalk remains a rare occurrence, especially as a leading presentation to diagnose lung cancer.

The posterior pituitary and the infundibulum are the preferential sites for metastases, as they receive direct arterial blood supply from hypophyseal arteries.

Patients diagnosed with diabetes insipidus due to pituitary stalk thickness should be considered as a metastasis, after exclusion of the classical systemic and infectious diseases.

The diagnosis of an endocrinological metastatic primary lung adenocarcinoma for patients without respiratory symptoms is often delayed due to a lack of correlation between endocrinological symptoms and lung cancer.

The main originality of our case is the concomitant diagnosis of both endocrinological failures, as it was initiated with a diabetes insipidus and followed by an acute adrenal insufficiency.
Effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat in black South African women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fortuin-de Smidt Melony C , Mendham Amy E , Hauksson Jon , Hakim Olah , Stefanovski Darko , Clamp Louise , Phiri Lindokuhle , Swart Jeroen , Goff Louise M , Micklesfield Lisa K , Kahn Steven E , Olsson Tommy , Goedecke Julia H
Published: April 2020

Objective

We investigated the effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on insulin sensitivity (SI) and hyperinsulinemia and associated changes in regional and ectopic fat.

Research design and methods

Healthy, black South African women with obesity (mean age 23 ± 3.5 years) and of isiXhosa ancestry were randomised into a 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise training group (n = 23) and a no exercise group (control, n = 22). Pre and post-intervention testing included assessment of SI, insulin response to glucose (AIRg), insulin secretion rate (ISR), hepatic insulin extraction (FEL) and disposition index (DI) (AIRg × SI) (frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test); fat mass and regional adiposity (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); hepatic, pancreatic and skeletal muscle fat content and abdominal s.c. and visceral adipose tissue volumes (MRI).

Results

Exercise training increased VO2peak (mean ± s.d.: 24.9 ± 2.42 to 27.6 ± 3.39 mL/kg/min, P < 0.001), SI (2.0 (1.2–2.8) to 2.2 (1.5–3.7) (mU/l)−1 min−1, P = 0.005) and DI (median (interquartile range): 6.1 (3.6–7.1) to 6.5 (5.6–9.2) × 103 arbitrary units, P = 0.028), and decreased gynoid fat mass (18.5 ± 1.7 to 18.2 ± 1.6%, P < 0.001) and body weight (84.1 ± 8.7 to 83.3 ± .9.7 kg, P = 0.038). None of these changes were observed in the control group, but body weight increased (P = 0.030). AIRg, ISR and FEL, VAT, SAT and ectopic fat were unaltered after exercise training. The increase in SI and DI were not associated with changes in regional or ectopic fat.

Conclusion

Exercise training increased SI independent from changes in hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat, suggesting that ectopic fat might not be a principal determinant of insulin resistance in this cohort.
Evidence that activin A directly modulates early human male germline differentiation status
Authors: Moody Sarah C , Wakitani Shoichi , Young Julia C , Western Patrick S , Loveland Kate L
Published: April 2020

Disrupted fetal germline development underpins testicular germ cell neoplasia, which is increasing worldwide. The complex signaling milieu during normal testis development includes TGFβ superfamily ligands; this study tests the hypothesis that, activin A, a TGFβ superfamily member, can influence gonocyte development. The human seminoma-derived cell line, TCam-2, a model of fetal gonocytes, was cultured with activin A (1.25–25 ng/mL) for 48 h, or with 5 ng/mL activin A for short- (6, 24, and 48 h) and long-term (13 days) exposures, and downstream targets measured by qRT-PCR. Transcripts that exhibited significant dose-dependent responses to activin A included the early germ cell markers KIT, NODAL, and CRIPTO (NODALl co-receptor and activin inhibitor) which all increased and the differentiation marker DNMT3L which decreased. After 48 h, KIT, NODAL, and CRIPTO levels were significantly higher, while the differentiation marker NANOS2 was significantly lower. Interestingly, activin A exposure also significantly reduced both transcript and protein levels of the PIWI/piRNA pathway component DNMT3L. Because TCam-2 cells produce the activin inhibitor CRIPTO, CRIPTO was reduced using siRNA prior to activin A exposure. This selectively increased KIT in response to activin A. Other ligands present in the fetal testis (BMP4, FGF9, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2) induced distinct effects on germline marker expression. This study showed that activin A can directly modulate germline markers in this human gonocyte-like cell, promoting a less-differentiated phenotype. Additional findings indicate evidence of signaling crosstalk between activin A and NODAL, leading to target-specific effects on gonocyte differentiation.
Position of the Siberian Platform and Adjacent Cratonic Terranes in the Paleozoic from Paleontological and Geological Evidence
Authors: Kanygin A.V. , Gonta T.V. , Timokhin A.V.
Published: April 2020

—The comprehensive chorological analyses of benthic and planktonic faunal groups, the reconstruction of paleogeography, and the delineation and correlation of the same-type biofacies and geographic ranges of the fauna suggest that the Paleozoic tectonic blocks of the Verkhoyansk–Chukotka foldbelt (Tas-Khayakhtakh, Selennyakh, Omulevka, Omolon, Okhotsk, and Chukchi inliers) and Kotel’nyi Island originated in the same epicontinental sea basin of the Siberian paleocontinent, being parts of its passive margin located at the place of the recent foldbelt. We provide a rationale for paleontological, sedimentary, and morphometric diagnostic characteristics of rift zones in complex thrust-folded structures. A rift development, with activation phases in the Ordovician and Devonian, is found to have preceded the break-up of the passive margin in the late Paleozoic.
Discovery of Intracratonic Rift in the Upper Yangtze and Its Control Effect on the Formation of the Anyue Giant Gas Field
Authors: Jinhu Du , Zecheng Wang , Caineng Zou , Chunchun Xu , Ping Shen , Baomin Zhang , Hua Jiang , Shipeng Huang
Published: April 2020

—According to drilling and seismic data, the Late Sinian–Early Cambrian intracratonic rift was found in the Deyang–Anyue area of the Upper Yangtze craton. This rift is controlled by a tensional fault and extends in the N–NW direction with a N–S length of 320 km and an E–W width of 50–300 km. After three stages of the rift evolution, i.e., the formation stage, development stage, and dying stage, a favorable near-source accumulation assemblage formed. The research results indicate that: (1) the sedimentation stage of the Late Sinian Dengying Formation is the rift formation stage, during which trough-basin facies sedimentation is developed in the rift, while platform marginal-facies mounds and shoals are developed on both sides, controlling the formation and distribution of high-quality reservoirs in the Dengying Formation; (2) the sedimentation stage of the Early Cambrian Meishucun–Qiongzhusi Formation is the rift development stage, during which deep-water continental-shelf facies argillaceous rocks accumulated in the rift with a thickness of 500–1000 m, indicating the sedimentation of high-quality source rocks; (3) the sedimentation stage of the Canglangpu Formation is the rift dying stage, terminating the evolution history of the intracratonic rift by gap filling. The intracratonic rift is a key factor for the formation of the Anyue giant gas field, where the high-quality source rocks provide abundant gases for the giant gas field. A regional lateral sealing occurred during the rapid rise of the western paleouplift in Central Sichuan during the Late Yanshan–Himalayan period, favorable for the preservation of the Gaoshiti–Moxi giant gas field on the eastern wing of the rift. The intracratonic rift and its role in giant gas accumulation provide a significant reference for deep oil and gas exploration in paleocratonic basins.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BAWANG HITAM (BLACK GARLIC) DENGAN VARIASI LAMA PEMANASAN
Authors: Agustina Eva , Andiarna Funsu , Hidayati Irul
Published: April 2020

AbstrakSenyawa radikal dalam tubuh sangat reaktif terhadap sel-sel, sehingga dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit. Senyawa yang mampu menangkal radikal bebas disebut antioksidan. Bawang hitam diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif fenolik dan turunannya sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian tentang penggunaan bawang hitam sebagai antioksidan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan waktu pemanasan (15, 25, dan 35 hari) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak bawang hitam. Bawang hitam diperoleh dengan cara memanaskan bawang putih selama 15, 25, dan 35 hari. Bawang hitam selanjutnya diekstraksi dengan pelarut metanol dengan metode maserasi. Filtrat hasil ekstraksi dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator untuk mendapatkan ekstrak bawang hitam. Ekstrak bawang hitam diuji fitokimia untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak bawang hitam ditentukan dengan metode penangkalan radikal 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hasilnya menunjukkan ekstrak bawang hitam memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing 15 hari yaitu 2,41 µg/mL; 25 hari yaitu 2,93 µg/mL; 35 hari yaitu 2,27 µg/mL. Nilai IC50 <10 μg/mL menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang hitam dengan waktu pemanasan 15, 25, dan 35 hari memiliki potensi antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Waktu pemanasan yang paling optimum dalam penangkalan radikal bebas adalah ekstrak bawang hitam dalam waktu pemanasan 35 hari, karena banyak terdapat kandungan senyawa flavonoid, tanin, sterol, dan saponin.Abstract Radical compounds in the body are very reactive to cells that can cause various diseases. Compounds that are able to ward off free radicals are called antioxidants. Black garlic are known to contain phenolic active compounds and their derivatives so that they can be used as antioxidants. Research on the use of black garlic as an antioxidant aims to determine the difference in heating time (15, 25, and 35 days) on the antioxidant activity of black garlic extract. Black garlic are obtained by heating the garlic for 15, 25, and 35 days. The black garlic is then extracted with methanol solvent by maceration method. The extracted filtrate was concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain the black garlic extract. Black garlic extract was tested for phytochemistry to determine the content of active compounds. The antioxidant activity of black garlic extract was determined by the radical deterrence method 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that the onion extract had a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 15 days each of 2.41 µg/mL; 25 days which is 2.93 μg/mL; 35 days which is 2.27 µg/mL. IC50 values <10 μg/mL indicate that the black garlic extract with a heating time of 15, 25, and 35 days has a very strong antioxidant potential. The most optimum heating time in deterring free radicals is black garlic extract within 35 days of heating because there are many compounds containing flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and saponins.
STUDI PERTUMBUHAN DAN DEGRADASI FENOL OLEH KULTUR TUNGGAL AKTINOMISETES DARI TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Masni Tiara Elsita , Linda Tetty Marta , Fibriarti Bernadeta Leni
Published: April 2020

AbstrakFenol adalah senyawa organik yang bersifat toksik dan larut dalam air, sehingga mudah menimbulkan pencemaran pada perairan dan menurunkan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi tiga isolat aktinomisetes asal tanah gambut Riau dalam Minimal Salt Medium yang mengandung fenol pada konsentrasi 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, dan 600 ppm serta mengetahui kemampuan aktinomisetes dalam mendegradasi fenol pada konsentrasi 600 ppm menggunakan metode folin ciocalteau. Potensi pertumbuhan isolat L121, L18, L11 menunjukkan total populasi tidak berbeda nyata dengan penambahan 400 ppm dan 600 ppm fenol, tetapi berbeda nyata terhadap 0 ppm dan 200 ppm fenol. Potensi pertumbuhan tertinggi terdapat pada isolat L121 dan terendah pada isolat L11. Kemampuan degradasi  fenol oleh  masing-masing isolat adalah  L121 sebesar 570,80 ppm (95%),  L18 sebesar 218,85 ppm (36%)  dan L11 sebesar  97,21 ppm (16%)  dari konsentrasi fenol awal 600 ppm pada Minimal Salt Medium. Isolat aktinomisetes ini berpotensi dikembangkan untuk penanggulangan pencemaran di lingkungan.Abstract Phenol is an organic compound is toxic and easily soluble in water so easy to cause pollution in a waters such as water quality degradation. The aim of this research is to see the potential of three isolates of actinomycetes from Riau peat soil in Minimal Salt Medium containing phenol concentration 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm and 600 ppm and to know the ability of actinomycetes in degradation of phenol at the concentration of 600 ppm using folin ciocalteu. The growth potential of L121, L18, L11 isolates showed the total population was not significantly different with the addition of 400 ppm and 600 ppm of phenol but significantly different from 0 ppm and 200 ppm of phenol. The highest growth potential was found in L121 isolate and lowest in L11 isolate. The degradation ability of phenols by each isolate was L121 570.80 ppm (95%), L18 218.85 ppm (36%) and L11 was able to degrade phenol 97.21 ppm (16%) from the initial phenol concentration of 600 ppm at Minimum Salt Medium.These actinomycetes have the potential to be developed for the overcome of pollution in the environment.
Image Ecologies, Spiritual Polytropy, and the Anthropocene
Authors: Ivakhiv Adrian
Published: April 2020

This article advances a four-fold contribution to theorizing the relationship between images, religion, and the Anthropocene. First, it proposes a ‘process-semiotic’ definition of the image as a sensorially perceptible form that mediates agential relations both between humans and between humans and the larger world. Second, it argues for a conception of religion and of spirituality that sees the world as varying on a scale between the ‘polytropic’ and the ‘monotropic’, where ‘tropism’ refers to the ‘turning’ toward sources of sustenance, relief, hope, authority, and the like. This turning is commonly, if not universally, accomplished with the aid of images. Bringing these ideas together, it then advances a typology of ‘image regimes’, each of which establishes relationships between understandings of images and of reality, relationships which can be traced across diverse religious and cultural contexts. Finally, it proposes a set of questions by which to bring ecocritical analysis to expressions of these image regimes in the emerging ‘image-world’ of digital culture, a culture that is coterminous, if not causally linked with, the growing recognition of the Anthropocene. It ends with a brief application of these questions to the Anthropocene Project, an art exhibition, film, and book project by Edward Burtunsky, Jennifer Baichwal, and Nicholas De Pencier.
Imag(in)ing the Anthropocene
Authors: Vivanco Luis A.
Published: April 2020

The popular association of nature films with scientific objectivity and secular environmentalism obscures how these films also deploy mythological, etiological, and cosmogonic symbols, themes, and narratives to create worlds that appeal to audiences. From Disney’s Nature’s Half Acre to March of the Penguins, nature films have employed technical artifice to show nature ‘as it is’, and at the same time operated as a means of storytelling about Creation as a sublime order suffused with meaning and purpose. But in these films, humans largely remained outside the ‘natural’ field of reference. At the threshold of the Anthropocene, in which concerns about human responsibility for degraded planetary conditions are highlighted, new films like Racing Extinction and the Earth—A New Wild series have explored the potential of creating alternative imaginary and visual worlds of nature that include humans, to support the generation of renewed moral purpose for addressing the global ecological crisis.
Special Issue Introduction
Authors: Sideris Lisa H. , Whalen-Bridge John
Published: April 2020

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About “Justitia” (Righteousness) and “Aequitas” (Equity). The contribution of Lactantius († 325) in the specifying of the content of the two constituent elements of the “Jus” – summary
Authors: Dură Nicolae V.
Published: April 2020

By a brief analysis of the text of Lactantius’s work, entitled „Justitia,” one can say that for Lactantius, „Justitia” (Justice) and „Aequitas” (Equity) were primarily two moral virtues, with theological-philosophical and juridical implications and consequences, hence the moral obligation that any legislator – wherever and whoever he may be – ought to take them into account in the application of Justice.
Podmiot związku wyznaniowego jako zamawiający: wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Moras Małgorzata , Kroczek Piotr
Published: April 2020

W Polsce kościoły i inne związki wyznaniowe uczestniczą w obrocie gospodarczym także w sferze zamówień publicznych, działając jako zamawiający. Istnieją sytuacje, w których stosowanie ustawy z dnia 29 stycznia 2004 r. Prawo zamówień publicznych przez te podmioty może być problematyczne. Celem artykułu jest: 1) przedstawienie specyfiki relacji prawnych ze związkami wyznaniowymi w zakresie zamówień publicznych; 2) wskazanie obszarów możliwego zastosowania regulacji własnych związków wyznaniowych w zamówieniach publicznych; 3) przybliżenie na przykładzie podmiotów i prawa Kościoła katolickiego treści tych regulacji. Wnioski płynące z rozważań mogą mieć szczególne znaczenie dla wykonawców ubiegających się o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego.
COVID-19, septic shock and syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Part 1
Authors: Bitsadze Victoria O. , Khizroeva Jamilya Kh. , Makatsariya Alexander , Slukhanchuk Ekaterina V , Tretyakova Maria V , Rizzo Giuseppe , Gris Jean-Christophe Raymond , Elalamy Ismail , Serov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Shkoda Andrei S. , Samburova Natalia Victorovna
Published: April 2020

The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 became a real challenge to humanity and the medical community in 2020 and raised a number of medical, social and even philosophical questions. An almost avalanche-like increase in the number of infected people in a short time, due to the high contagiousness of viral infection, allowed us to identify groups of patients with mild, moderate and severe forms of the disease. Doctors around the world are faced with an acute problem of treating a large number of patients in critical conditions caused by COVID-19.
From the currently available information on clinical cases of COVID-19, it follows that COVID-19 patients in critical condition have a clinical picture of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), septic shock with the development of multiple organ failure.
The first part of the article discusses the pathogenesis of non-specific universal biological responses of the body in critical condition - from the Sanarelli-Schwartzman phenomenon to the DIC, septic shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The questions of cytokine storm in severe forms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the role of inflammation in the activation of coagulation, and the relationship between inflammation and thrombosis are discussed. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of so-called NETosis, their role in the occurrence of immunothrombosis and inflammation-induced thrombosis in autoimmune diseases - vasculitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus is highlighted. The article discusses the possibility of participation of ADAMTS-13 metalloproteinase in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure in severe endotheliopathy in patients with viral septic shock.
Paɣiba Salma | Women's Gold
Authors: Doortmont Eza J.
Published: April 2020

Shea butter is a product traditionally made solely by women. The demand for this product in the world has grown drastically over the past decades and this has changed the production and production space of the commodity significantly. 
Women’s Gold is an observational film, telling the story of the shea butter processing women of Tampe-Kukuo, a community on the outskirts of Tamale, the capital of the Northern Region in Ghana. This documentary investigates ideas of social space, dignity and gaining more than material independence, connected to the shea butter industry. The growing demand in the west means bigger productions, exporting the butter and growing profit, but it also means that the sole women-safe space is not guaranteed for the future.
Abismo
Authors: Peixoto Renato Amado
Published: April 2020

Poucos anos antes do início da Segunda Guerra, delinear-se-ia na França a aproximação entre o socialismo e o esoterismo ocidental. Esse esforço, produzido no entorno do Collège de Sociologie como reação ao Fascismo, visava reativar ideias e esforços que podem ser rastreados desde a Revolução Francesa A metanarrativa daí resultante, operada por vários intelectuais à volta de Georges Bataille, dentre os quais Walter Benjamin e Pierre Klossowski, procurou fixar suas origens no Valentianismo e, depois, na teologia romana. Visava-se criar uma alternativa intelectual ao marxismo por meio das ideias de Fourier, Blanqui, Sade e Nietzsche, produzindo um constructo que iria influenciar decisivamente o Pós-estruturalismo na década de 1960.
Enlightenment and Religion
Authors: Duarte João de Azevedo e Dias
Published: April 2020

This article, through a review of a portion of the relevant literature, problematizes the way in which the connection between the Enlightenment and religion has traditionally been explained, principally by a historiography excessively focused on the 18th century French experience. Alternatively, this article argues that “continuity,” rather than “rupture,” more adequately describes this relationship. However, continuity, as understood here, excludes neither tension nor transformation. If, on the one hand, the Enlightenment is much more akin to religion than has been previously recognized, on the other hand, it has to a great extent shaped modern understanding of religion. This revision of the relationship between the Enlightenment and religion suggests the need to rethink the very identity of the Enlightenment and the issue of secularization. The article uses as a guide the German debate surrounding the question, “What is the Enlightenment?” It concludes with an analysis of Kant’s famous contribution to this debate.
A oficina do fragmento Método e processo historiográfico em Walter Benjamin
Authors: Ramos do Ó Jorge , Vallera Tomás
Published: April 2020

Este artigo propõe uma excursão pela obra de Walter Benjamin na perspectiva do fragmentarismo construtivo que a caracteriza. Procura-se capturar os princípios metodológicos e epistemológicos que subjazem à prática historiográfica em Benjamin, no que ela contém de radicalmente experimental, articulando-os quer com a sua condição de existência como investigador-arquivista ou “escritor operante”, quer com o seu fatídico destino pessoal. Examina-se um método focado no particular, na descontinuidade e na concretude dos teores coisais; a criação de um saber histórico monadológico, reticular e constelacional, que arranca imagens do passado à sequência contínua da história universal; o confronto do artesanato benjaminiano com as exigências teóricas do materialismo dialéctico perfilhado pelos seus amigos e contemporâneos; a montagem de um inesgotável dispositivo intertextual e, por fim, a defesa da figura do autor-produtor, arauto de um tempo por vir onde o texto se tornaria um “bem comum”.
Avaliação de um Programa de Residência Médica em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Authors: Sanchez Natalia Romano , Rodrigues Cibele Isaac Saad
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Medical residency in gynecology and obstetrics is unquestionably important in the training of physicians who choose this specialty of the Brazilian Ministries of Health and Education. However, studies evaluating these residency programs are scarce, especially regarding the reflexive qualitative aspects of the research. Therefore, this exploratory and descriptive study aimed to evaluate the current medical residency program in gynecology and obstetrics of the School of Medical and Health Sciences at Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) using a quantitative and qualitative approach. Method: The methodology included a comparative curriculum analysis between the program recommended by the National Committee of Medical Residency until 2018 and the program offered by PUC-SP School of Medical and Health Sciences, as well as a self-administered questionnaire completed by individuals who graduated between 2007 and 2018. Results: The most significant findings of the comparative curriculum analysis include discrepancies in the percentage arrangement of annual workload, indicating an overload of on-call duty hours, and unequal distribution of internships. The questionnaire response rate was 66% (41 of 62 participants). Most respondents were women (n=32, 78%), who worked mainly in the cities of Sorocaba (n=21, 43.7%) and São Paulo (n=10, 21%). Most medical graduates were partially satisfied with the program (n=34, 82.9%). Some responses also matched the findings of the comparative curriculum analysis, such as dissatisfaction with the number of gynecological surgical procedures performed (n=39, 95.1%). Regarding the content analysis of open-ended answers, categorized according to Bardin, the graduates appreciated activities in obstetrics, and the most relevant criticisms were related to fewer hours assigned to certain activities, especially those devoted to gynecological surgical practices and theoretical activities. Conclusions: Based on the findings, suggestions were proposed and accepted by the managers for changes that should have a positive impact on the medical residency program. This research contributes to the diagnostic evaluation of a traditional medical residency program in Brazil, proposes improvements, and uses reproducible methods, thus serving as a comparison basis for other studies so that advances can be made in the training of these specialists.
Increasing structuration rate of 3D printable concretes: the effect of viscosity enhancing admixtures
Authors: Hasse J. A. , Rubin A. P. , Quintanilha L. C. , Repette W. L.
Published: April 2020

In the last decades, 3D printing has emerged as a promising new paradigm for manufacturing. Even in the civil construction industry, it has gained attention from companies and researchers around the world. Despite of that, the properties of materials applied in the additive manufacturing process are still understudied. One of the challenges is the need to conciliate both high bearing capacity, sparing the need of any confining measures, and the ability of keeping fluidity for enough time, in order to avoid cold joints between the layers. In that scenario, viscosity enhancing admixtures (VEAs) can be a solution, because they are able of promoting flocculation, viscosity gain and yield strength increase, reducing the deposition time in between the layers, which may decrease the formation of cold joints. This research evaluated rheological parameters of four different VEAs and found out that they show potential for increasing the cohesion and buildability of concretes for 3D-printing. The results showed that this effect varies with the type and amount of the admixture adopted and bentonite clay, as a mineral powder material, performed best in comparison to other polymeric VEAs, presenting structuration rates of up to 62% higher than the reference mixture.
The AAL/Care Laboratory – a healthcare prevention system for caregivers
Authors: Brinkmann Anna , Fifelski Conrad , Lau Sandra , Kowalski Christian , Meyer Ole , Diekmann Rebecca , Isken Melvin , Fudickar Sebastian , Hein Andreas
Published: April 2020

The demographic change in Europe causes an imbalance between the potential recipients and providers of the services of healthcare systems. Additionally, the high number of sick leaves and days of inability to work in the profession of elderly care are worsening this situation. Manual patient handling is one of the risk factors and leads to high mechanical stress in the lower back. Understanding how physically demanding activities impact caregivers requires quantification of the potential risk factors. In a laboratory, transfer techniques, ambient assisted living (AAL) systems and tools for analysing the physical burden of caregiving are evaluated. A case study was conducted in a laboratory setting to examine the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activities of a caregiver in different regions of the lower extremity and spine during a standardised manual patient-transfer task. Results showed that with the effect of an ergonomic way of caregiving, the mean muscle activity of the lumbar erector spinae was reduced by 42%. The aim of this exploratory trial was to test the methods for use on a larger scale in future studies. The case study demonstrates the suitability of the utilised sensors for the quantification of musculoskeletal burden among healthcare workers.
In Vivo Assessment of Size-Selective Glomerular Sieving in Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Kidney Organoids
Authors: van den Berg Cathelijne W. , Koudijs Angela , Ritsma Laila , Rabelink Ton J.
Published: April 2020

Significance Statement

The ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells to kidney organoids in vitro holds promise for disease modeling, drug discovery, and clinical application. The authors differentiated such cells to kidney tissue comprising glomerular, proximal, and distal tubular structures. Earlier research demonstrated that these structures become vascularized upon transplantation in mice and show advanced maturation. To investigate whether human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived kidney organoids can also become functional in vivo, they applied high-resolution intravital multiphoton imaging through a titanium imaging window. They demonstrated in vivo glomerular filtration and size-selective glomerular barrier function in the transplanted organoids. This technique can be instrumental for further developing stem cell–derived organoids toward clinical applications.

Background

The utility of kidney organoids in regenerative medicine will rely on the functionality of the glomerular and tubular structures in these tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated the vascularization and subsequent maturation of human pluripotent stem cell–derived kidney organoids after renal subcapsular transplantation. This raises the question of whether the glomeruli also become functional upon transplantation.

Methods

We transplanted kidney organoids under the renal capsule of the left kidney in immunodeficient mice followed by the implantation of a titanium imaging window on top of the kidney organoid. To assess glomerular function in the transplanted human pluripotent stem cell–derived kidney tissue 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation, we applied high-resolution intravital multiphoton imaging through the imaging window during intravenous infusion of fluorescently labeled low and high molecular mass dextran molecules or albumin.

Results

After vascularization, glomerular structures in the organoid displayed dextran and albumin size selectivity across their glomerular filtration barrier. We also observed evidence of proximal tubular dextran reuptake.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that human pluripotent stem cell–derived glomeruli can develop an appropriate barrier function and discriminate between molecules of varying size. These characteristics together with tubular presence of low molecular mass dextran provide clear evidence of functional filtration. This approach to visualizing glomerular filtration function will be instrumental for translation of organoid technology for clinical applications as well as for disease modeling.
Evaluation of bio-coagulants for colour removal from dye synthetic wastewater: characterization, adsorption kinetics, and modelling approach
Authors: IA Obiora-Okafo  , OD Onukwuli  , NC Eli-Chukwu
Published: April 2020

Dye usage for industrial applications has been on the increase and these activities generate large amounts of dye-constituted wastewater that should be treated before environmental discharge or reuse. Various studies have shown the application of natural organic polymer (NOP) coagulants in dye removal from industrial wastewater. In this research, the coagulation performances of Vigna unguiculata (VU) and Telfairia occidentalis (TO) for colour removal from crystal Ponceau 6R dye synthetic wastewater was studied. The proximate compositions, structure, and surface morphologies of the coagulants were investigated using standard methods, i.e. Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Colour removal was evaluated through the time-dependent decrease in particle concentration and thus growth of flocs. Effects of the process parameters, including pH, coagulant dosage, dye concentration (DC), settling time, and temperature were preliminarily tested and the best range experimentally determined. The optimal operating conditions established were pH 2, 800 mg∙L−1 coagulant dosage, 100 mg∙L−1 dye concentration, 300 min, and 303 K. The order of greatest removal was VUC > TOC with optimum efficiency of 93.5% and 90.7%, respectively. The values of K and α obtained for VUC and TOC were 8.09 x 10−4 L∙mg−1∙min−1, 1.7 and 9.89 x 10-4 L∙mg−1∙min−1, 1.6, respectively. Coagulation time, Tag, calculated and deduced from the particle distribution plot, showed a rapid coagulation process. Coagulation-adsorption kinetics indicated agreement with the pseudo-second-order model deducing that chemisorption is the rate-controlling step. It further indicates that particle adsorption on the polymer surfaces occurred mostly as a mono-molecular layer and according to the chemisorption mechanism. Cross-validation showed good prediction of the experimental data. The selected coagulants have the potential for application as efficient coagulants while also showing significant adsorption characteristics. The application of kinetics and modelling in separation processes involving particle transfer is especially required in wastewater treatment.
Biosorption of phenol by modified dead leaves of Posidonia oceanica immobilized in calcium alginate beads: Optimal experimental parameters using central composite design
Authors: Wassila Lazli  , Amina Hellal
Published: April 2020

This study reports the biosorption of phenol using dead leaves of Posidonia oceanica (PO), an endemic seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea. The PO dead leaves were pre-treated with sulfuric acid and carbonized at 500°C for 2 h to increase their adsorptive capacity. Leaves were then immobilized in calcium alginate beads to address problems that arise when free particulate biosorbents are used. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was carried out to optimize key variables, viz., initial phenol concentration (100–500 mg/L), biosorbent dosage (0.05–0.1 g/50 mL), and alginate beads to solution ratio (1/10–2/10). The effect of the operating variables on phenol biosorption capacity was studied in a batch system and a mathematical model showing the influence of each variable and their interactions was obtained. The predicted second-order quadratic model for the response variable was significant (p < 0.01). Further, an adjusted squared correlation coefficient, R2 (adj) of 97.7% indicated a satisfactory fit of the model. The results of CCD showed maximum biosorption capacity of about 127 mg/g at 500 mg/L initial phenol concentration, 1 g/L biosorbent dosage, and at 1.85/10 composite beads to solution ratio. This work demonstrates the suitability of using PO dead leaves as an effective low-cost biosorbent for the removal of phenol.
Chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin and oroantral fistula: The results of combined surgical approach in an Italian university hospital
Authors: Galli Massimo , De Soccio Giulia , Cialente Fabrizio , Candelori Francesca , Federici Francesca Romana , Ralli Massimo , De Vincentiis Marco , Minni Antonio
Published: April 2020

Unilateral chronic maxillary sinusitis is a possible complication of odontogenic disease or dental treatment and is mainly due to the development of an oroantral fistula (OAF). The management of chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin requires a combined treatment via endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and intraoral surgical treatment of the odontogenic source. The aim of this study is to present the results of our university hospital unit in the treatment and follow-up of a case series of 34 patients treated with combined surgical approach for chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin due to OAF. All patients were treated with ESS combined with an intraoral approach. No intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications were observed; nasal synechia was found in 3 patients (8.82%). The overall success rate after primary intervention was 94.12%; recurrence was observed in 2 cases (5.88%), both were suffering from diabetes mellitus and were tobacco smokers. Our results confirm that simultaneous surgery with a combination of an intraoral and endoscopic approach can be considered the best strategy for the long-term restoration of a normal sinonasal homeostasis in selected patients with chronic odontogenic sinusitis and OAF, guaranteeing an effective treatment with minimal complications in the short and long term.
Çay budama atık biyokütlesinin linyit kömür ile karıştırılarak beraber yanma potansiyelinin araştırılması
Authors: TURUMTAY Halbay
Published: April 2020

Hayat standartlarının artmasına paralel olarak artan enerji gereksinimi enerjide dışa bağımlı olan ülkeler için önemli bir sorundur. Artan enerji talebini karşılarken çevreye verilecek olan zararın en aza indirgenmesi öncelikli hedefler arasında yer almaktadır. Kömür ile ile çalışan termik santrallerden elde edilen enerji ülkemizin enerji ihtiyacının %32’sini karşılamaktadır. Kullanılan kömürün büyük bir kısmı ithal kömür ve taşkömürüdür. Ülkemizde son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda linyit kömür rezervimiz 16 milyar tonun üzerine çıkmıştır. Fakat bu linyit kömür çoğunlukla düşük kalorili olup, yüksek oranda kükürt, nem ve kül içeriklidir. Bu tür ısıl değeri düşük çevresel etkisi fazla olan kömür kaynaklarının verimli bir şekilde kullanımı için ileri teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde bir gerekliliktir. Diğer yandan, ülkemizin sahip olduğu biyokütle enerjisi potansiyeli verimli bir şekilde değerlendirilememektedir. Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinin önemli tarımsal atığı olan çay budama atıkları linyit kömür ile belirli oranlarda harmanlanarak karışımın ısıl değeri, kül içeriği, kükürt ve uçucu madde içeriği tespit edilmiştir. Çay budama atığının ısıl değeri linyit kömüründen yaklaşık olarak %30 az olmasına rağmen, linyit kömür ile %50 oranında harmanlandığında kül içeriği %12’lerden %6’lara, kükürt içeriği ise %1.15’lerden %0.69’lara düşmüştür. Atık olarak kullanılan ve ekonomiye kazandırılmayan bu tarımsal atıkların, linyit kömürü ile uygun karışım değerleri ile homojen şekilde harmanlandığında enerji potansiyellerinin yüksek olduğu ve çevreci bir yakıt olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Determination of chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) seed oil produced in industrial scale
Authors: OKAN Onur Tolga , KILIÇ PEKGÖZLÜ Ayben , ONARAN Abdurrahman , ÖZ Mehmet , DENİZ İlhan
Published: April 2020

In this study, essential oil and oil acid content, antioxidant and antifungal properties of oils obtained from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and parsley seeds (Petroselinium crispum) produced on an industrial scale were investigated. Pomegranate seed oil was obtained cold pressed in an industrial scale, while parsley seed oil was obtained industrial steam distillation. As a result of pomegranate seed oil GC-MS analysis, fifteen components were determined. Parsley seed oil was twelve compounds was identified. Punicic acid (61.19 %) was found as the dominant compound in pomegranate seed oil while apiole (14.21 %) was determined as the dominant compound in parsley seed oil. When the antioxidant capacity of the oils were examined, it was determined that the oils obtained from pomegranate seeds have a moderate antioxidant activity, the oils obtained from parsley seeds have high antioxidant activity. Antifungal activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and parsley (Petroselinium crispum) seed oil against five different plant pathogens, F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, B. cinerea, S. sclerotiorum, A. solani, and R. solani were also determined.
Ub-1 Optical Clearing of the Murine Liver v2
Authors: for Review Anonymous
Published: April 2020

We report a urea-amino sugar clearing reagent for the murine liver that rapidly renders the tissue clear with preservation of native architecture, fluorescent proteins and lipophilic dyes. Optical clearing protocols for three-dimensional (3D) imaging, such as confocal or light sheet microscopy, can consist of several steps and solutions, complex apparatuses, or days to weeks for whole-organ clearing. Established protocols that demonstrate efficient clearing can unfortunately quench endogenous proteins, whereas some methods formulated to preserve protein fluorophores can be underwhelming in clearing capability. Many clearing methods have been optimized for neural tissue, with little described for the liver. Our method, a single step modified protocol of the UbasM protocol created by Chen et al., uses Ub-1 to clear the murine liver with only 24 hours incubation and one simple solution. We additionally describe a technique for labeling the murine intrahepatic biliary tree and vasculature. Our methods can benefit investigations of tissue composition and structural relationships in 3D.