bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Insights into YAP/TAZ-TEAD-Mediated Gene Regulation and Biological Processes in Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yang , Sheldon Marisela , Sun Yutong , Ma Li
Published: November 2023

The Hippo pathway is conserved across species. Key mammalian Hippo pathway kinases, including MST1/2 and LATS1/2, inhibit cellular growth by inactivating the TEAD coactivators, YAP, and TAZ. Extensive research has illuminated the roles of Hippo signaling in cancer, development, and regeneration. Notably, dysregulation of Hippo pathway components not only contributes to tumor growth and metastasis, but also renders tumors resistant to therapies. This review delves into recent research on YAP/TAZ-TEAD-mediated gene regulation and biological processes in cancer. We focus on several key areas: newly identified molecular patterns of YAP/TAZ activation, emerging mechanisms that contribute to metastasis and cancer therapy resistance, unexpected roles in tumor suppression, and advances in therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway. Moreover, we provide an updated view of YAP/TAZ’s biological functions, discuss ongoing controversies, and offer perspectives on specific debated topics in this rapidly evolving field.
Hemoglobin Subunit Theta 1 Promotes Proliferation by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Kyungho , Choi Eun-Young , Ahn Hye-Mi , Kim Dong-Gun , Kim Youn-Jae
Published: November 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma is a crucial contributor to cancer-related mortality; however, effective treatments remain challenging. The present study aimed to investigate the role of hemoglobin subunit theta 1 (HBQ1), an α subunit of hemoglobin whose expression has recently been reported in non-erythroid cells, in lung adenocarcinoma. Comparative analysis showed that HBQ1 expression was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Moreover, high HBQ1 expression was correlated with unfavorable overall survival and progression-free survival in patients, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker. Our functional experiments revealed that when overexpressed, HBQ1 acts as an oncogene, enhancing cell proliferation, whereas HBQ1 knockdown inhibits it. Additionally, HBQ1 exhibited antioxidant properties by reducing basal reactive oxygen species levels, playing a crucial role in lung adenocarcinoma progression. These findings emphasize the critical role of HBQ1 in driving tumor growth and progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Our in vivo studies further supported the role of HBQ1 in lung adenocarcinoma. HBQ1 knockdown resulted in the inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma growth, demonstrating the potential of HBQ1 as a therapeutic target. Our findings highlight the importance of HBQ1 in lung adenocarcinoma and suggest its potential as both a diagnostic marker and a molecular target for therapeutic interventions.
Empowering Vision Transformer by Network Hyper-Parameter Selection for Whole Pelvis Prostate Planning Target Volume Auto-Segmentation
Authors: Cho Hyeonjeong , Lee Jae Sung , Kim Jin Sung , Koom Woong Sub , Kim Hojin
Published: November 2023

U-Net, based on a deep convolutional network (CNN), has been clinically used to auto-segment normal organs, while still being limited to the planning target volume (PTV) segmentation. This work aims to address the problems in two aspects: 1) apply one of the newest network architectures such as vision transformers other than the CNN-based networks, and 2) find an appropriate combination of network hyper-parameters with reference to recently proposed nnU-Net (“no-new-Net”). VT U-Net was adopted for auto-segmenting the whole pelvis prostate PTV as it consisted of fully transformer architecture. The upgraded version (v.2) applied the nnU-Net-like hyper-parameter optimizations, which did not fully cover the transformer-oriented hyper-parameters. Thus, we tried to find a suitable combination of two key hyper-parameters (patch size and embedded dimension) for 140 CT scans throughout 4-fold cross validation. The VT U-Net v.2 with hyper-parameter tuning yielded the highest dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 82.5 and the lowest 95% Haussdorff distance (HD95) of 3.5 on average among the seven recently proposed deep learning networks. Importantly, the nnU-Net with hyper-parameter optimization achieved competitive performance, although this was based on the convolution layers. The network hyper-parameter tuning was demonstrated to be necessary even for the newly developed architecture of vision transformers.
Ciliary Ultrastructure Assessed by Transmission Electron Microscopy in Adults with Bronchiectasis and Suspected Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia but Inconclusive Genotype
Authors: Staar Ben O. , Hegermann Jan , Auber Bernd , Ewen Raphael , von Hardenberg Sandra , Olmer Ruth , Pink Isabell , Rademacher Jessica , Wetzke Martin , Ringshausen Felix C.
Published: November 2023

Whole-exome sequencing has expedited the diagnostic work-up of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), when used in addition to clinical phenotype and nasal nitric oxide. However, it reveals variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in established PCD genes or (likely) pathogenic variants in genes of uncertain significance in approximately 30% of tested individuals. We aimed to assess genotype–phenotype correlations in adults with bronchiectasis, clinical suspicion of PCD, and inconclusive whole-exome sequencing results using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ciliary image averaging by the PCD Detect software. We recruited 16 patients with VUS in CCDC39, CCDC40, CCDC103, DNAH5, DNAH5/CCDC40, DNAH8/HYDIN, DNAH11, and DNAI1 as well as variants in the PCD candidate genes DNAH1, DNAH7, NEK10, and NME5. We found normal ciliary ultrastructure in eight patients with VUS in CCDC39, DNAH1, DNAH7, DNAH8/HYDIN, DNAH11, and DNAI1. In six patients with VUS in CCDC40, CCDC103, DNAH5, and DNAI1, we identified a corresponding ultrastructural hallmark defect. In one patient with homozygous variant in NME5, we detected a central complex defect supporting clinical relevance. Using TEM as a targeted approach, we established important genotype–phenotype correlations and definite PCD in a considerable proportion of patients. Overall, the PCD Detect software proved feasible in support of TEM.
Isolation and Quantification of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for Quantitative Metabolic Studies Using Mammalian Cell Cultures
Authors: Kretschmer Marcel , Müller Julia , Henke Petra , Otto Viktoria , Rodriguez Alejandro Arce , Müsken Mathias , Jahn Dieter , Borrero-de Acuña José Manuel , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Wegner Andre
Published: November 2023

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are produced by most bacteria and participate in various cellular processes, such as intercellular communication, nutrient exchange, and pathogenesis. Notably, these vesicles can contain virulence factors, including toxic proteins, DNA, and RNA. Such factors can contribute to the harmful effects of bacterial pathogens on host cells and tissues. Although the general effects of BMVs on host cellular physiology are well known, the underlying molecular mechanisms are less understood. In this study, we introduce a vesicle quantification method, leveraging the membrane dye FM4-64. We utilize a linear regression model to analyze the fluorescence emitted by stained vesicle membranes to ensure consistent and reproducible vesicle–host interaction studies using cultured cells. This method is particularly valuable for identifying host cellular processes impacted by vesicles and their specific cargo. Moreover, it outcompetes unreliable protein concentration-based methods. We (1) show a linear correlation between the number of vesicles and the fluorescence signal emitted from the FM4-64 dye; (2) introduce the “vesicle load” as a new semi-quantitative unit, facilitating more reproducible vesicle-cell culture interaction experiments; (3) show that a stable vesicle load yields consistent host responses when studying vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants; (4) demonstrate that typical vesicle isolation contaminants, such as flagella, do not significantly skew the metabolic response of lung epithelial cells to P. aeruginosa vesicles; and (5) identify inositol monophosphatase 1 (SuhB) as a pivotal regulator in the vesicle-mediated pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa.
Inward Operation of Sodium-Bicarbonate Cotransporter 1 Promotes Astrocytic Na+ Loading and Loss of ATP in Mouse Neocortex during Brief Chemical Ischemia
Authors: Everaerts Katharina , Thapaliya Pawan , Pape Nils , Durry Simone , Eitelmann Sara , Roussa Eleni , Ullah Ghanim , Rose Christine
Published: November 2023

Ischemic conditions cause an increase in the sodium concentration of astrocytes, driving the breakdown of ionic homeostasis and exacerbating cellular damage. Astrocytes express high levels of the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter1 (NBCe1), which couples intracellular Na+ homeostasis to regulation of pH and operates close to its reversal potential under physiological conditions. Here, we analyzed its mode of operation during transient energy deprivation via imaging astrocytic pH, Na+, and ATP in organotypic slice cultures of the mouse neocortex, complemented with patch-clamp and ion-selective microelectrode recordings and computational modeling. We found that a 2 min period of metabolic failure resulted in a transient acidosis accompanied by a Na+ increase in astrocytes. Inhibition of NBCe1 increased the acidosis while decreasing the Na+ load. Similar results were obtained when comparing ion changes in wild-type and Nbce1-deficient mice. Mathematical modeling replicated these findings and further predicted that NBCe1 activation contributes to the loss of cellular ATP under ischemic conditions, a result confirmed experimentally using FRET-based imaging of ATP. Altogether, our data demonstrate that transient energy failure stimulates the inward operation of NBCe1 in astrocytes. This causes a significant amelioration of ischemia-induced astrocytic acidification, albeit at the expense of increased Na+ influx and a decline in cellular ATP.
Predictors of Neurodevelopment in Microcephaly Associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mattos Adriana M. , Rastely-Junior Valmir N. , Pires Matheus M. , Aguilar Juan P. , Lessa Millani S. A. , Regis Clarina , Wanderley Mariana , Leony Julio , Bouzon Joseane , Ballalai Verena , Vieira Carina , Carvalho Gustavo B. S. , Almeida João R. M. , Nery Nivison , Leal Rodrigo , Costa Federico , Ko Albert I. , Reis Mitermayer G. , Oliveira-Filho Jamary
Published: November 2023

The municipality of Salvador, situated in Brazil, distinguished itself as the epicenter of the emergence of microcephaly related to congenital manifestations of Zika syndrome. Despite the anticipated significant developmental setbacks in these children, research has indicated a varied range of outcomes, with certain instances even reflecting minimal developmental delay. Our objective was to pinpoint determinants that could forecast developmental anomalies in children diagnosed with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Methodology: A forward-looking clinical and neurodevelopmental examination was conducted focusing on neonates diagnosed with microcephaly with CZS, birthed between September 2015 and April 2016 at the Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, in Salvador city. That infants were monitored up to their third year by a multiprofessional team. Child development was assessed using the composite Bayley III score. Undertaken by two blinded experts, cranial CT scan analysis was performed during the neonate period for the detection of brain abnormalities and to quantify ventricle enlargement, measured by Evans’ index (EI). Results: Fifty newborns were evaluated with a median head circumference of 28 cm (interquartile range 27–31 cm). EI was associated with neurodevelopmental delay at three years and remained significant after adjustment for head circumference. A 0.1-point increase in EI was associated with a delay of 3.2 months in the receptive language (p = 0.016), 3.4 months in the expressive language (p = 0.016), 3.4 months in the cognitive (p = 0.016), 2.37 months in the gross motor (p = 0.026), and 3.1 months in the fine motor (p = 0.021) domains. Conclusions: EI predicted neurodevelopmental delay in all Bayley domains in children with microcephaly associated with CZS.
Tropical Cyclonic Energy Variability in North Indian Ocean: Insights from ENSO
Authors: Das Debanjana , Chiao Sen , Roychoudhury Chayan , Khan Fatema , Chaudhuri Sutapa , Mukherjee Sayantika
Published: November 2023

Tropical cyclones (TC) are one of the deadliest natural meteorological hazards with destructive winds and heavy rains, resulting losses often reach billions of dollars, imposing a substantial and long-lasting burden on both local and national economies. The El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a tropical ocean–atmosphere interaction, is known to significantly impact cyclonic systems over global ocean basins. This study investigates the variability of TC activity in the presence of ENSO over the North Indian Ocean (NIO), comprising the Arabian Sea (ARB) and the Bay of Bengal (BOB) basins during the pre- and post-monsoon season, using accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) over the last 29 years. Our analysis reveals a significant rise in tropical cyclone energy intensity over the past two decades, with eight of the ten most active years occurring since the 2000s. Total ACE over the NIO is found to be higher in La-Niña. Higher ACE observed over ARB is strongly associated with a combination of elevated sea surface height (SSH) anomaly and low vertical wind shear during the El-Niño episodes, with higher sea surface temperatures (SST) during the post-monsoon season. Whereas in the BOB, El Niño not only reduces ACE, but also decreases basin-wide variability, and more pronounced effects during the post-monsoon season, coinciding with warmer SST and higher SSH along the coast during La-Niña.
Gradation Optimization Based on Micro-Analysis of Rutting Behavior of Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Guo Qingliang , Xu Hao , Wang Junjie , Hang Jiezhou , Wang Kun , Hu Peng , Li Hongzhen
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the microscopic mechanism of the force on particles of different particle sizes in the asphalt mixture during rutting formation. The gradation was optimized by analyzing the particle force results. The enhanced discrete element method (EDEM) was used to simulate the rutting test, study the correlation state between different particle sizes in the rutting process, and analyze the rutting of asphalt pavement from the aggregate level. From a microscopic perspective, the specific forces acting on particles at different times were determined to investigate the particle size range of stressed particles in two types of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, the role of particles with different sizes in the rutting process was analyzed. The force limit values of particles with different particle sizes are fitted, and the force of particles in two types of asphalt mixtures is compared and analyzed. After that, the gradation of the asphalt mixture is optimized, and the feasibility of the gradation optimization method is verified by laboratory experiments. The results show that the change rule of the rutting simulation test is gradually transformed from compacted rutting to unstable rutting. The force of the asphalt concrete-13 (AC-13) asphalt mixture is borne by the particles with a radius greater than 1.8 mm. The force of the stone matrix asphalt-13 (SMA-13) asphalt mixture is borne by the particles with a radius greater than 3.6 mm, and the small particle size particles play a filling role. When the particle radius is less than 5.1 mm, the force value of AC-13 asphalt mixture particles is greater than that of SMA-13. When the particle radius exceeds 5.1 mm, the force value of SMA-13 asphalt mixture particles is greater than that of AC-13. The force of particles with a radius of 5.7 mm and 7.3 mm in the SMA-13 asphalt mixture is 30% higher than that in AC-13, and the force limit of particles is proportional to the particle size. The dynamic stability, flexural tensile strength, water immersion residual stability, and freeze-thaw splitting strength ratios of the optimized asphalt mixture are improved compared with those before optimization. The AC-13 asphalt mixture is increased by 8.5%, 9.2%, 1.6%, and 1.9%, respectively, and the SMA-13 asphalt mixture is increased by 10.6%, 7.3%, 0.7%, and 2.1%, respectively. It shows that the grading optimization method is feasible.
Fe-Loaded Montmorillonite/TiO2 Composite as a Promising Photocatalyst for Selective Conversion of Glucose to Formic Acid under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Srikhaow Assadawoot , Zhang Li , Chuaicham Chitiphon , Trakulmututa Jirawat , Shenoy Sulakshana , Sasaki Keiko
Published: November 2023

The development of efficient and inexpensive photocatalysts for the production of high-value chemicals from the photoreforming of biomass is a highly attractive strategy to establish the production of chemicals from sustainable resources. In this work, Fe-loaded montmorillonite/TiO2 composite (Fe-Mt/TiO2), pure TiO2, Mt/TiO2 and Mt/Fe-TiO2 were fabricated and further utilized as photocatalysts for the production of formic acid from glucose under visible-light irradiation. Among the as-prepared composites, the Fe-Mt/TiO2 exhibited the highest glucose conversion (83%), formic acid production (44%) and formic acid selectivity (53%). The effective heterojunction between Fe-Mt and TiO2 is proposed to describe the superior photocatalytic activity of Fe-Mt/TiO2, which effectively suppressed the recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes during the reaction. Mechanism investigations suggested that the selective photocatalytic oxidation of glucose into formic acid by Fe-Mt/TiO2 mainly occurred through an α-scission reaction pathway, driven by the main active species as •O2− and 1O2. The research findings in this work suggested that the Fe-Mt/TiO2 composite can be applied as a low-cost, easy-to-prepare, reusable and selective photocatalyst for sustainable synthesis of high-value chemicals from biomass-derived substrates.
Optimization of a LaNiO3 Bottom Electrode for Flexible Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Film-Based Ferroelectric Random Access Memory Applications
Authors: Choi Yeong Uk , Ahn Hyun Soo , Hong Jung Ehy , Yang Dong In , Lee Hwa-Pyeong , Jeong Dae-Yong , Lee Minbaek , Kim Jong Hun , Jung Jong Hoon
Published: November 2023

The direct growth of ferroelectric films onto flexible substrates has garnered significant interest in the advancement of portable and wearable electronic devices. However, the search for an optimized bottom electrode that can provide a large and stable remnant polarization is still ongoing. In this study, we report the optimization of an oxide-based LaNiO3 (LNO) electrode for high-quality Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thick films. The surface morphology and electrical conductivity of sol-gel-grown LNO films on a fluorophlogopite mica (F-mica) substrate were optimized at a crystallization temperature of 800 °C and a film thickness of 120 nm. Our approach represents the promising potential pairing between PZT and LNO electrodes. While LNO-coated F-mica maintains stable electrical conductivity during 1.0%-strain and 104-bending cycles, the upper PZT films exhibit a nearly square-like polarization–electric field behavior under those stress conditions. After 104 cycles at 0.5% strain, the remnant polarization shows decreases as small as ~14%. Under flat (bent) conditions, the value decreases to just 81% (49%) after 1010 fatigue cycles and to 96% (85%) after 105 s of a retention test, respectively.
Gulls as Indicators of Environmental Changes in the North Atlantic: A Long-Term Study on Berlenga Island, Western Portugal
Authors: Ceia Filipe R. , Silva Nathalie C. , Paiva Vitor H. , Morais Lurdes , Serrão Ester A. , Ramos Jaime A.
Published: November 2023

In recent decades, the breeding populations of the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis (YLG) have increased significantly, primarily due to the increase in open refuse dumps and discards from fisheries. Portugal’s largest YLG breeding colony is located on Berlenga Island, where population numbers have been monitored since 1974. The population grew exponentially until 1994, prompting the implementation of population control measures, including culling adult birds and eggs. A long-term data base including number of breeding birds (since 1974), breeding parameters (since 2002), and trophic niches (using stable isotopes since 2011) of YLG breeding on Berlenga was related with oceanographic parameters, fish landings and quantity of urban waste. Trophic ecology showed strong relationships with oceanographic parameters (wNAO, Chl-a, and SST) and fisheries landings (the 10 most frequently consumed species by the YLG, traded at fish auctions in the main fishing harbour nearby). The results indicated significant relationships between reproductive performance and fisheries landings, particularly with demersal species that gulls primarily access through fisheries discards. However, population control measures played a pivotal role in stabilising and even reducing the population, despite sporadic events of poor oceanographic productivity in the past decade having a consistent impact on the reduction in breeding individuals.
Machine Learning Applications to Identify Young Offenders Using Data from Cognitive Function Tests
Authors: Bonfante María Claudia , Montes Juan Contreras , Pino Mariana , Ruiz Ronald , González Gabriel
Published: November 2023

Machine learning techniques can be used to identify whether deficits in cognitive functions contribute to antisocial and aggressive behavior. This paper initially presents the results of tests conducted on delinquent and nondelinquent youths to assess their cognitive functions. The dataset extracted from these assessments, consisting of 37 predictor variables and one target, was used to train three algorithms which aim to predict whether the data correspond to those of a young offender or a nonoffending youth. Prior to this, statistical tests were conducted on the data to identify characteristics which exhibited significant differences in order to select the most relevant features and optimize the prediction results. Additionally, other feature selection methods, such as Boruta, RFE, and filter, were applied, and their effects on the accuracy of each of the three machine learning models used (SVM, RF, and KNN) were compared. In total, 80% of the data were utilized for training, while the remaining 20% were used for validation. The best result was achieved by the K-NN model, trained with 19 features selected by the Boruta method, followed by the SVM model, trained with 24 features selected by the filter method.
Dermatomyositis with Eosinophils
Authors: Sanchez Isabella I. , Herrera Henry O. , Elsensohn Ashley , Lee Bonnie A. , Kraus Christina N.
Published: November 2023

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that often presents with symmetric proximal skeletal muscle weakness and characteristic skin findings. Typical skin biopsy findings include vacuolar changes of the basal layer, increased dermal mucin, and a predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate. We report a case of dermatomyositis presenting as intensely pruritic papules and plaques, with initial histopathology being atypical of dermatomyositis due to the presence of eosinophils. The initial biopsy demonstrated a superficial dermatitis with eosinophils, initially thought to represent a drug eruption. A second biopsy of the same cutaneous manifestation was performed at a later time given high clinical suspicion for dermatomyositis and demonstrated a more classic vacuolar interface dermatitis with increased mucin and an absence of eosinophils. Notably, increased pruritus was specifically associated with the lesion that demonstrated tissue eosinophilia. The case illustrates the importance of considering tissue eosinophilia in the histologic presentation of dermatomyositis.
Validation of a New Measuring Instrument for the Assessment of Bite Force
Authors: Nitschke Ina , Moede Celine , Hopfenmüller Werner , Sobotta Bernhard A. J. , Koenig Andreas , Jockusch Julia
Published: November 2023

Background: this study aims to validate two occlusal-force-measuring devices by comparing them to a universal testing machine and assessing their reliability across various dental and prosthetic groups. The research comprised two parts: part 1 assessed the measurement accuracy of the Occlusal Force Meter GM 10® (OFM) (Morita, Nagano Keiki, Higashimagome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and a prototype (PRO) by comparing them to a calibrated universal testing machine (ZWICK). Part 2 involved analyzing the devices’ reliability based on clinical bite force measurements from study participants. Results: both devices become more accurate and reliable compared to the ZWICK over time of usage. Additionally, higher deviation from the ZWICK can be observed for higher values of forces applied and vice versa for both devices. The PRO’s intraoral alignment influences its mean values compared to the OFM in different dental and prosthetic groups. Conclusion: both devices had limitations and required quadratic function calibration, making them suitable only for progression measurements. The study concludes that both the OFM and PRO devices can measure occlusal forces with improved accuracy over time. Intraoral alignment should be considered. Their easy-to-use clinical application would allow a more widespread use of masticatory function diagnosis, which could indicate the need for treatment and improve treatment planning.
Evaluating U-Space for UAM in Dense Controlled Airspace
Authors: Černý Michal , Kleczatský Adam , Tlučhoř Tomáš , Lánský Milan , Kraus Jakub
Published: November 2023

The operation of unmanned aircraft systems in shared airspace can serve as an accelerator for the global economy and a sensitive addition to the existing mix of transportation modes. For these reasons, concepts of Unmanned Traffic Management have been recently published, defining advanced rules for all potential participants in the operation of unmanned systems. Airspace primarily dedicated to automated unmanned system operations, referred to as U-space in Europe, needs to be designated with consideration for the surrounding airspace. This is especially important in cases where the airspace is controlled, and when declaring U-space airspace, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the density of surrounding air traffic. The goal of this article is to assess the suitability of establishing U-space airspace for Urban Air Mobility in terms of traffic density in a controlled area above the selected metropolis, which is Prague, Czech Republic. To achieve this goal, data on air traffic in the given area were analyzed to obtain precise information about the traffic distribution. Areas in which the establishment of U-space airspace is possible both without implementing dynamic reconfiguration and with the application of the dynamic reconfiguration concept were also selected. The result is the determination of whether it is possible to establish U-space in airspace, as in the analyzed case of the Ruzyně CTR, U-space can be introduced in 83 % of the territory.
Challenges for the Routine Application of Drones in Healthcare: A Scoping Review
Authors: De Silvestri Sara , Capasso Pasquale Junior , Gargiulo Alessandra , Molinari Sara , Sanna Alberto
Published: November 2023

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have emerged as transformative tools in the healthcare sector, offering the potential to revolutionize medical logistics, emergency response, and patient care. This scoping review provides a comprehensive exploration of the diverse applications of drones in healthcare, addressing critical gaps in existing literature. While previous reviews have primarily focused on specific facets of drone technology within the medical field, this study offers a holistic perspective, encompassing a wide range of potential healthcare applications. The review categorizes and analyzes the literature according to key domains, including the transport of biomedical goods, automated external defibrillator (AED) delivery, healthcare logistics, air ambulance services, and various other medical applications. It also examines public acceptance and the regulatory framework surrounding medical drone services. Despite advancements, critical knowledge gaps persist, particularly in understanding the intricate interplay between technological challenges, the existing regulatory framework, and societal acceptance. This review highlights the need for the extensive validation of cost-effective business cases, the development of control techniques that can address time and resource savings within the constraints of real-life scenarios, the design of crash-protected containers, and the establishment of corresponding tests and standards to demonstrate their conformity.
Towards More Efficient Electric Propulsion UAV Systems Using Boundary Layer Ingestion
Authors: Arias Jonathan , Martinez Francisco , Cando Edgar , Valencia Esteban
Published: November 2023

The implementation of distributed propulsion and boundary layer ingestion for unmanned aerial vehicles represents various challenges for the design of embedded ducts in blended wing body configurations. This work explores the conceptual design and evaluation of DP configurations with BLI. The aerodynamic integration of each configuration is evaluated following a proposed framework, including simulation analysis. Power saving coefficient and propulsive efficiency were compared against a baseline podded case. The results show the optimal propulsion configuration for the BWB UAV obtaining 3.95% of power benefit and propulsive efficiency (ηp>80%). Indeed, the aerodynamic integration effects for the proposed design maintain the BWB’s aerodynamic efficiency, which will contribute to longer endurance and better performance.
Evaluating the Adiabatic Invariants in Magnetized Plasmas Using a Classical Ehrenfest Theorem
Authors: Tamburrini Abiam , Davis Sergio , Moya Pablo S.
Published: November 2023

In this article, we address the reliance on probability density functions to obtain macroscopic properties in systems with multiple degrees of freedom as plasmas, and the limitations of expensive techniques for solving Equations such as Vlasov’s. We introduce the Ehrenfest procedure as an alternative tool that promises to address these challenges more efficiently. Based on the conjugate variable theorem and the well-known fluctuation-dissipation theorem, this procedure offers a less expensive way of deriving time evolution Equations for macroscopic properties in systems far from equilibrium. We investigate the application of the Ehrenfest procedure for the study of adiabatic invariants in magnetized plasmas. We consider charged particles trapped in a dipole magnetic field and apply the procedure to the study of adiabatic invariants in magnetized plasmas and derive Equations for the magnetic moment, longitudinal invariant, and magnetic flux. We validate our theoretical predictions using a test particle simulation, showing good agreement between theory and numerical results for these observables. Although we observed small differences due to time scales and simulation limitations, our research supports the utility of the Ehrenfest procedure for understanding and modeling the behavior of particles in magnetized plasmas. We conclude that this procedure provides a powerful tool for the study of dynamical systems and statistical mechanics out of equilibrium, and opens perspectives for applications in other systems with probabilistic continuity.
The Effects of Generative AI Platforms on Undergraduates’ Narrative Intelligence and Writing Self-Efficacy
Authors: Pellas Nikolaos
Published: November 2023

Digital storytelling and generative artificial intelligence (AI) platforms have emerged as transformative tools that empower individuals to write with confidence and share their stories effectively. However, a research gap exists in understanding the effects of using such web-based platforms on narrative intelligence and writing self-efficacy. This study aims to investigate whether digital story creation tasks on web-based platforms can influence the narrative intelligence and writing self-efficacy of undergraduate students. A pretest–posttest comparison study between two groups was conducted with sixty-four undergraduate students (n = 64), majoring in Primary Education. More specifically, it compares the effects of the most well-known conventional platforms, such as Storybird, Storyjumper, and ZooBurst (control condition), and generative AI platforms, such as Sudowrite, Jasper, and Shortly AI (experimental condition) on undergraduate students, with an equal distribution in each group. The findings indicate that the utilization of generative AI platforms in the context of story creation tasks can substantially enhance both narrative intelligence scores and writing self-efficacy when compared to conventional platforms. Nonetheless, there was no significant difference in the creative identity factor. Generative AI platforms have promising implications for supporting undergraduates’ narrative intelligence and writing self-efficacy in fostering their story creation design and development.
Use of a Gamified Platform to Improve Scientific Writing in Engineering Students
Authors: Núñez-Pacheco Rosa , Vidal Elizabeth , Castro-Gutierrez Eveling , Turpo-Gebera Osbaldo , Barreda-Parra Aymé , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: November 2023

The general purpose of this study was to determine the potential of using a gamified platform in the development of scientific writing skills among engineering students at a Peruvian university. To this end, a gamified web platform named Call for Papers for Engineers was designed. This platform contains mini-games focused on developing reading and writing skills for articles related to the engineering area. A quantitative methodological approach was employed, with a quasi-experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with pre-and post-test measurements. Additionally, the gamified platform was validated through expert judgment, and user satisfaction levels were assessed. The main results indicate that the content developed in the course and the use of the gamified web platform were effective teaching methods, as the students in the experimental group demonstrated higher performance after using the gamified platform compared to the control group. Furthermore, participants in the study expressed satisfaction with the use of this technological resource, finding it motivating and user-friendly.
An Efficient and High-Quality Mesh Reconstruction Method with Adaptive Visibility and Dynamic Refinement
Authors: Yan Qingsong , Xiao Teng , Qu Yingjie , Yang Junxing , Deng Fei
Published: November 2023

Image-based 3D reconstruction generates 3D mesh models from images and plays an important role in all walks of life. However, existing methods suffer from poor reconstruction quality and low reconstruction efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an improved optimization-based mesh reconstruction method with adaptive visibility reconstruction and dynamic photo-metric refinement. The adaptive visibility reconstruction adjusts soft visibility based on the observation and geometry structure of points to reconstruct details while suppressing noise in the rough mesh. The dynamic photo-metric refinement tunes the learning rate using historical gradients and stops to optimize converged triangles to speed up the mesh refinement. Experiments on BlendedMVS and real datasets showed that our method found a good balance between reconstruction quality and reconstruction efficiency. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, OpenMVS and TDR, our method achieved higher reconstruction quality than OpenMVS and obtained competitive reconstruction quality with TDR, but required only one-third of the reconstruction time of OpenMVS and one-tenth of the reconstruction time of TDR. Our method balances reconstruction efficiency and reconstruction quality and can meet real-world application requirements.
Simultaneous Object Detection and Distance Estimation for Indoor Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Azurmendi Iker , Zulueta Ekaitz , Lopez-Guede Jose Manuel , González Manuel
Published: November 2023

Object detection is an essential and impactful technology in various fields due to its ability to automatically locate and identify objects in images or videos. In addition, object-distance estimation is a fundamental problem in 3D vision and scene perception. In this paper, we propose a simultaneous object-detection and distance-estimation algorithm based on YOLOv5 for obstacle detection in indoor autonomous vehicles. This method estimates the distances to the desired obstacles using a single monocular camera that does not require calibration. On the one hand, we train the algorithm with the KITTI dataset, which is an autonomous driving vision dataset that provides labels for object detection and distance prediction. On the other hand, we collect and label 100 images from a custom environment. Then, we apply data augmentation and transfer learning to generate a fast, accurate, and cost-effective model for the custom environment. The results show a performance of mAP0.5:0.95 of more than 75% for object detection and 0.71 m of mean absolute error in distance prediction, which are easily scalable with the labeling of a larger amount of data. Finally, we compare our method with other similar state-of-the-art approaches.
Timed Petri Nets for Modeling and Performance Evaluation of a Priority Queueing System
Authors: Strzęciwilk Dariusz
Published: November 2023

The application of queueing theory is very broad. Examples include electronic communication systems and devices. New technologies, electronic communication systems, and devices are used by many modern organizations. However, this implies certain requirements and risks. The requirements are, first and foremost, reliability, which accounts for the complexity and interdependence of the system. On the other hand, the stochastic characteristics and complexity of these systems introduce risks related to the demands of reliability control, transmission quality, availability, and security. The research conducted so far is concerned with relatively simple queueing models that require certain assumptions to be made about the stochastic nature of the event stream. This is because complex queueing systems are very difficult to analyze using analytical methods. Hence, this paper attempts to use timed Petri nets in the modeling and performance evaluation of queueing systems belonging to the PQS (Priority Queueing System) group. IntServ and DiffServ architectures are discussed, as well as queueing systems used in quality-of-service assurance. A weighted PQS that eliminates the possibility of blocking lower-priority traffic is investigated. Based on a Petri model, the performance characteristics of the studied system are obtained. The impact of data generation on the system performance was analyzed, showing that temporal Petri nets can be effectively used in the modeling and performance evaluation of PQS systems.
Modification and Application of Bamboo-Based Materials: A Review—Part II: Application of Bamboo-Based Materials
Authors: Lou Zhichao , Zheng Zhiyu , Yan Nina , Jiang Xizhi , Zhang Xiaomei , Chen Shan , Xu Rui , Liu Chun , Xu Lei
Published: November 2023

Bamboo, with its inherently porous composition and exceptional renewability, stands as a symbolic embodiment of sustainability. The imperative to fortify the utilization of bamboo-based materials becomes paramount for future developments. These materials not only find direct applications in the construction and furniture sectors but also exhibit versatility in burgeoning domains such as adsorption materials and electrode components, thereby expanding their consequential influence. This comprehensive review meticulously delves into both their explicit applications and the nuanced panorama of derived uses, thereby illuminating the multifaceted nature of bamboo-based materials. Beyond their current roles, these materials hold promise for addressing environmental challenges and serving as eco-friendly alternatives across diverse industries. Lastly, we provide some insights into the future prospects of bamboo-based materials, which are poised to lead the way in further development. In conclusion, bamboo-based materials hold immense potential across diverse domains and are set to play an increasingly pivotal role in sustainable development.
Mechanism of Synergistic Photoinactivation Utilizing Curcumin and Lauric Arginate Ethyl Ester against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua
Authors: Ryu Victor , Uknalis Joseph , Corradini Maria G. , Chuesiang Piyanan , McLandsborough Lynne , Ngo Helen , Jin Tony , Fan Xuetong
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the mechanism of how lauric arginate ethyl ester (LAE) improves the photoinactivation of bacteria by curcumin after diluting the 100 µmol/L stock curcumin-LAE micelle solution to the concentration used during the treatment based on the curcumin concentration. The photoinactivation of bacteria was conducted by irradiating the 1 µmol/L curcumin-LAE solution containing cocktails of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua strains (7 log CFU/mL) for 5 min with UV-A light (λ = 365 nm). The changes in solution turbidity, curcumin stability, and bacterial morphology, viability, and recovery were observed using SEM, TEM, and live/dead cell assays. The study found that LAE enhances the photoinactivation of bacteria by increasing the permeability of cell membranes which could promote the interaction of reactive oxygen species produced by photosensitized curcumin with the cell components. The combination of curcumin and LAE was demonstrated to be more effective in inhibiting bacterial recovery at pH 3.5 for E. coli, while LAE alone was more effective at pH 7.0 for L. innocua.
Exogenous Phytosulfokine α (PSKα) Alleviates Chilling Injury of Kiwifruit by Regulating Ca2+ and Protein Kinase-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism
Authors: Wang Di , Ren Xueyan , Meng Lingkui , Zheng Renyu , Li Dong , Kong Qingjun
Published: November 2023

Kiwifruit fruit stored at low temperatures are susceptible to chilling injury, leading to rapid softening, which therefore affects storage and marketing. The effect of 150 nM mL−1 of exogenous phytosulfokine α (PSKα) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, Ca2+ signaling, and signal-transducing MAPK in kiwifruit, stored at 0 °C for 60 days, was investigated. The results demonstrated that PSKα treatment effectively alleviated chilling injury in kiwifruit, with a 15% reduction in damage compared to the control on day 60. In addition, PSKα enhanced the activities and gene expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), Ca2+−ATPase, and mitogen−activated protein kinase (MAPK). In contrast, the activities and gene expression levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX) were inhibited, leading to a lower accumulation of O2− and H2O2, which were 47.2% and 42.2% lower than those in the control at the end of storage, respectively. Furthermore, PSKα treatment enhanced the calmodulin (CaM) content of kiwifruit, which was 1.41 times that of the control on day 50. These results indicate that PSKα can mitigate chilling injury and softening of kiwifruit by inhibiting the accumulation of ROS, increasing antioxidant capacity by inducing antioxidant enzymes, activating Ca2+ signaling, and responding to MAPK protein kinase. The present results provide evidence that exogenous PSKα may be taken for a hopeful treatment in alleviating chilling injury and maintaining the quality of kiwifruit.
Investigation of Gelation Techniques for the Fabrication of Cellulose Aerogels
Authors: Menshutina Natalia , Fedotova Olga , Trofimova Kseniya , Tsygankov Pavel
Published: November 2023

Because of the pronounced degradation of the environment, there has been an escalated demand for the fabrication of eco-friendly and highly efficient products derived from renewable sources. Cellulose aerogels have attracted significant interest attributable to their structural characteristics coupled with biodegradability and biocompatibility. The features of the molecular structure of cellulose allow for the use of various methods in the production of gels. For instance, the presence of hydroxyl groups on the cellulose surface allows for chemical crosslinking via etherification reactions. On the other hand, cellulose gel can be procured by modulating the solvent power of the solvent. In this study, we investigate the impact of the gelation methodology on the structural attributes of aerogels. We present methodologies for aerogel synthesis employing three distinct gelation techniques: chemical crosslinking, cryotropic gelation, and CO2-induced gelation. The outcomes encompass data derived from helium pycnometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The resultant specimens exhibited a mesoporous fibrous structure. It was discerned that specimens generated through cryotropic gelation and CO2-induced gelation manifested higher porosity (93–95%) and specific surface areas (199–413 m2/g) in contrast to those produced via chemical crosslinking (porosity 72–95% and specific surface area 25–133 m2/g). Hence, this research underscores the feasibility of producing cellulose-based aerogels with enhanced characteristics, circumventing the necessity of employing toxic cross-linking agents. The process of gel formation through chemical crosslinking enables the creation of gels with enhanced mechanical properties and a more resilient structure. Two alternative methodologies prove particularly advantageous in applications necessitating biocompatibility and high porosity. Notably, CO2-induced gelation has not been hitherto addressed in the literature as a means to produce cellulose gels. The distinctive feature of this approach resides in the ability to combine the stages of obtaining an aerogel in one apparatus.
Rapid Synthesis of Robust Antibacterial and Biodegradable Hydrogels via Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Wang Jinze , Li Hao , Shen Hai-Xia , Zhao Wei , Li Qing , Wang Cai-Feng , Chen Su
Published: November 2023

Chitosan (CS) is widely used in biomedical hydrogels due to their similarity to extracellular matrix. However, the preparation method of CS-based hydrogel suffers the drawbacks of tedious operation, time-consuming and energy consumption. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid synthesis pathway towards hydrogels. In this work, we used a modified CS as a cross-linking agent and acrylic acid (AA) as monomer to prepare a hydrogel through frontal polymerization (FP), which facilitates a facile and rapid method achieved in several minutes. The occurrence of pure FP was confirmed via the frontal velocity and temperature profile measurement. In addition, the as-prepared hydrogel shows excellent mechanical strength up to 1.76 MPa, and the Young’s modulus (ranging from 0.16 to 0.56 MPa) is comparable to human skin. The degradation mechanism is revealed by the micro-IR images through the distribution of the functional groups, which is attributed to the breakage of the ether bond. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibits excellent degradability, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, offering great potentials in tissue engineering. We believe this work not only offers a facile and rapid FP method to fabricate a robust degradable hydrogel, but also provides an effective pathway for the investigation of the degradation mechanism at the chemical bond analysis level.