bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of peristomal skin complications
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: June 2014

The many thousands of people in the UK with a stoma be it temporary or permanent, may encounter a number of issues that can affect them physically or mentally. This article will focus upon the issue of peristomal skin complications such as sore skin and skin infections. Within the public domain there is limited information that is evidence-based on the topic. The Association of Stoma Care Nurses UK (ASCN UK) has recently published national standards of care ( Osborne, 2014 ), however, they do not guide on peristomal skin complication care. This article will discuss stomas, their generic care and then explore the issue of sore skin treatment to aid commissioners and service providers to understand some of the issues faced by patients, their carers and the stoma specialist nurse.
Economic structural change and cancer incidence
Authors: Ferretti Fabrizio , McIntosh Bryan
Published: June 2014

After heart disease, cancer is the most common cause of death in many developed countries. In this article, we discuss the relationship between economic growth and cancer incidence. The purposes of the article are to describe and measure the influence of an increasing real per capita income on the overall incidence of cancer. Using cross-sectional data for 162 countries, regression results with crude and age-standardised rates allow us to measure the elasticity of cancer incidence with respect to per capita income, and to decompose the elasticity coefficient into two components: age-effect and lifestyle-effect.
The highest mountain: T-cell technology
Authors: McIntosh Bryan , Fascia Michael
Published: June 2014

T-lymphocytes (T-cell) therapy offers a treatment for cancers. Developing this technology in the future provides the opportunity to revolutionise treatment and to make cancer a chronic condition. T-cells in themselves are a type of lymphocytes (itself a type of white blood cell) that play a central role in cell mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B-cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. T-cells have the capacity to destroy diseased cells, but tumours present a considerable challenge that reduces their impact. As cancer cells are frequently ‘invisible’ to the immune system, and they create an environment that suppresses T-cell activity., genetic engineering of T-cells can be used therapeutically to overcome these challenges. T-cells can be taken from the blood of cancer patients and then modified to recognise and destroy cancer-specific antigens.
A silent epidemic: effective pain management in the community
Authors: Ogston-Tuck Sherri
Published: June 2014

Effective pain management presents challenges to health care practitioners. This is evident from the complexities associated with the phenomenon of pain and the circumstances for those patients suffering from pain. An overwhelming amount of literature and research surrounding pain exists in an effort to improve our understanding of pain, assessment and management strategies. But patients in pain are not managed well in the community or acute setting. Health care professionals continue to underestimate and under treat pain, failing to meet the patient's individual needs. Pain management it is not about cure, nor is it as simple as reporting zero on a pain score-it is about knowledge, expertise and understanding. Pain is a subjective and very personal experience, wherein health care professionals must listen to the patients’ story. Myths and fears surrounding pain remains a barrier to effective management and care. This article aims to dispel the myths and improve clinical practice, particularly in effective pain assessment so patients in the community presenting with pain can be managed individually and effectively. Clinicians need to be proactive in their approach, through effective communication and decision making, trusting in our patients’ and their pain experience. This is key to a successful approach to managing patients’ pain effectively.
Game Change in Colorado: Widespread Use Of Long‐Acting Reversible Contraceptives and Rapid Decline in Births Among Young, Low‐Income Women
Authors: Ricketts Sue , Klingler Greta , Schwalberg Renee
Published: June 2014

Context

Long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are recommended for young women, but access is limited by cost and lack of knowledge among providers and consumers. The Colorado Family Planning Initiative (CFPI) sought to address these barriers by training providers, financing LARC method provision at Title X–funded clinics and increasing patient caseload.

Methods

Beginning in 2009, 28 Title X–funded agencies in Colorado received private funding to support CFPI. Caseloads and clients’ LARC use were assessed over the following two years. Fertility rates among low‐income women aged 15–24 were compared with expected trends. Abortion rates and births among high‐risk women were tracked, and the numbers of infants receiving services through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) were examined.

Results

By 2011, caseloads had increased by 23%, and LARC use among 15–24‐year‐olds had grown from 5% to 19%. Cumulatively, one in 15 young, low‐income women had received a LARC method, up from one in 170 in 2008. Compared with expected fertility rates in 2011, observed rates were 29% lower among low‐income 15–19‐year‐olds and 14% lower among similar 20–24‐year‐olds. In CFPI counties, the proportion of births that were high‐risk declined by 24% between 2009 and 2011; abortion rates fell 34% and 18%, respectively, among women aged 15–19 and 20–24. Statewide, infant enrollment in WIC declined 23% between 2010 and 2013.

Conclusions

Programs that increase LARC use among young, low‐income women may contribute to declines in fertility rates, abortion rates and births among high‐risk women.
Performing an intervention in the space between art and education
Authors: May Heidi , O’Donoghue Dónal , Irwin Rita
Published: June 2014

In this article, we consider and discuss an artist-teacher residency staged at our university that explored and examined relations between art, learning and teaching. Comprising artists, pedagogues, becoming teachers and researchers, this residency was initiated to examine how becoming art teachers (teacher candidates) come to understand pedagogy in their field, and to create an event where they would encounter qualities of pedagogy through art-making. The article begins with a short discussion of the pedagogical turn in contemporary art and interventionist art practices before describing the artist-teacher residency that bears similarities to certain socially engaged art practices. Drawing upon the concept of emergent knowledge, we reflect upon the teacher candidates’ accounts of the experience of participating in the artist-teacher residency. We consider the impact that these experiences had on teacher candidates’ understandings of art and pedagogy. Throughout the project, a/r/tography offered a rich form of living enquiry that initiated processes of learning to learn.
Cultural mismatch and creativity in arts education
Authors: Leong Samuel
Published: June 2014

Culture has been found to impact upon creativity, which is valued as ‘a motor of economic and social innovation’ in a world that is experiencing rapid cultural changes and increasing cultural diversity. Recent research has given attention to the problem of cultural mismatch in education, with studies showing that children’s success at school depends on the extent to which the knowledge, background and values of their families match the school’s values and priorities. The greater the mismatch between the two cultures, the less likely the children would benefit from schooling. When schools fail to effectively address the mismatch, social inequalities and academic failure are perpetuated. But the problem is not confined to home versus school cultures, and can be present in other kinds of mismatches such as western-eastern cultures and traditional-popular cultures. This article discusses this problem in the context of creative education and the advent of prosumerism.

文化對創造力的影響已為人發現，在文化迅速轉變和文化多元性遞增的世 界，創造力被視為「經濟和社會革新的原動力」。最近研究已關注到教育 方面文化錯配的問題， 並且有研究顯示，孩子在學校的成功，取決於家庭的 知識、背景和價值，跟學校的價值和優先次序觀念的吻合程度。兩者文化之 間的差異越大，孩子於教育的得益可能越少。當學校不能有效地正視這種錯 配，社會不平等和學術失敗便永遠存在。但問題不僅出現於家庭文化與學校 文化之間，也可以是存在於其他方面的錯配，例如東方與西方文化、傳統與 流行文化。本文就創意教育的環境及產消主義的出現，探論這個問題。
Making things happen through networks: Connecting arts educators to enhance collective knowledge in the field
Authors: de Eça Teresa Torres
Published: June 2014

New open source movements are proposing cohesion and syncretism in social networks. Such movements present an alternative way of thinking and behaving through synergy and collaboration. In Arts education theory and practice we probably face the benefits of the many social networks in the field for linking people. Organizations and individuals are working together at a global level and at medium and small scales in a myriad of groups spread out in very different linguistic territories. As art teachers and educational researchers we may seek transformation tools, and the collective intelligence arising from these groups may bring us a rich array of possibilities to inform our pedagogical and artistic interconnected fields. From a networking point of view, visibility, dialogue and action are emerging possibilities for pedagogic/artistic real actions. The future strengths or weakness of arts education will depend on the actions behind these groups, on the way they circulated among the Internet and produce physical impact in different geographical and cultural sites.

Os movimentos de código aberto introduziram conceitos de coesão e sincretismo nas redes sociais. Estes movimentos apresentam maneiras de pensar e de fazer alternativas através de sinergia e colaboração. Na Educação artística, tanto na teoria como na prática, estamos a beneficiar das variadíssimas redes sociais para comunicar e para conectar pessoas. Organizações e indivíduos a um nível global ou local estão a trabalhar juntos em inúmeros grupos espalhados através de variados territórios linguísticos. Nesse contexto, a inteligência coletiva que emerge desses grupos poderá trazer-nos um vasto leque de potencialidades para informar os nossos campos nos domínios pedagógico e artístico. Do ponto de vista relacional, o diálogo e a ação são possibilidades latentes para ações pedagógicas/artísticas efetivas. A força ou a fragilidade da Educação artística dependerá das ações levadas a cabo por esses grupos, pela maneira como eles circulam na Internet e, de como produzem impacto físico em diferentes lugares geográficos e culturais.
Collaborative visual mapping as performance: Visual Arts pre-service teachers’ reflections on practicum
Authors: Cutcher Alexandra , Rousell David
Published: June 2014

This poetic, visual essay describes a collaborative, visual performance enacted by a cohort of Visual Arts pre-service teachers. The students mapped memories and experiences of their first teaching experience from practicum, motivated by discussion, stimuli and feedback. The mapping process had several loops where the students worked collectively to map their visual reflections onto large-scale canvases. These performance paintings became palimpsests, portraying layers of collaborative practice and learning. The networks of interactions, dialogue, relationships and group dynamics were exposed in the material practice of the participants. As an a/r/tographical rendering, the process simultaneously documented the group’s subjective expressions as well as their emergent teacher identities. The collaborative model was at once both powerful and provocative as the dynamics of collective art-making evolved into reflections of developing pedagogy. This representation is a multivocal portrayal of the research; the voices of the researchers, students and artworks compete with and complement the other.
The La Grande France circle (1900–1903): Littérature coloniale, transcolonial synergies and the Belle Époque avant-gardes
Authors: Kapor Vladimir
Published: June 2014

This article explores the pioneering role that the literary and intellectual circle formed by Marius-Ary Leblond around the journal La Grande France (1900–1903) played in the gestation of both la littérature coloniale of the Third French Republic and postcolonial Francophone literature. Following a bio-bibliographical account of the circle and its members, it will present the journal’s aesthetic and ideological programme with a particular emphasis on theoretical reflection about colonial literature, with a view to reassessing the circle’s legacy. In addition, through a study of the main agents (Pierre Bourdieu) behind La Grande France, and their affiliations, both colonial and extra-colonial, it aims to document and reflect on the unlikely connection between colonial ideology and avant-garde aesthetics and business model, and on the consequences of this cohabitation.

Cet article se propose d’explorer le rôle liminaire que le cercle littéraire et intellectuel fondé par Marius-Ary Leblond autour de la revue La Grande France (1900–1903) a joué dans la gestation de la littérature coloniale de la Troisième République et de la littérature francophone postcoloniale. Après une présentation bio-bibliographique du cercle et de ses membres, il s’attachera à décrire la plateforme esthétique et idéologique de la revue, en s’intéressant en particulier à la réflexion théorique sur la littérature coloniale qui s’y ébauche, afin de revisiter le rayonnement intellectuel du cercle et sa postérité. En outre, à travers une étude des agents (Bourdieu) principaux de la revue, et de leurs affiliations coloniales aussi bien qu’extra-coloniales, il se donnera pour tâche de documenter des liens inattendus qui se tissent entre l’idéologie coloniale, et l’esthétique et le modèle économique avant-gardistes, et d’engager une réflexion sur les causes et les conséquences de cette cohabitation.
Postcolonial Enlightenment: Reformers of Islam in Sarkozy’s France
Authors: Qadiri Sura
Published: June 2014

This article presents the emergence of a problematic language of mimicry and political conformism amongst a group of French-based reformers of Islam. It focuses in particular on the increased use of the term ‘enlightenment’ when putting forward their ideas for reforming Muslim communities and sacred scriptures. This trend emerges against a backdrop of mounting political pressure against Muslims in France exacerbated by public explorations of Frenchness that intensify in their racial and historical exclusiveness, particularly with the rise of Nicholas Sarkozy starting around 2005. Reformers of Islam seem keen to apply the term to any suggestions they make, showing little engagement with the historical Enlightenment, and little questioning of the contemporary interpretations of it by the French political establishment. In the work of these reformers, enlightenment merely becomes an ill-defined process through which Muslim communities may gain access to French identity.

Cet article présente l’émergence d’un discours caractérisé par l’imitation sémantique et le conformisme politique parmi certains réformateurs de l’islam de langue française. Il s’intéresse en particulier à l’usage de plus en plus fréquent du terme “lumières” dans la présentation de leurs idées visant à réformer la communauté musulmane et les textes sacrés. Cette tendance se fait jour dans un contexte marqué par une pression politique croissante à l’égard des musulmans en France et le discours public autour de l’identité nationale, définie par des paramètres ethniques et historiques de plus en plus étriqués, qui accompagne la montée au pouvoir de Nicolas Sarkozy à partir de 2005. Les réformateurs de l’islam semblent s’appliquer à apposer ce terme à chacune de leur suggestions, sans réellement se pencher sur les Lumières du XVIIIè siècle ou s’interroger sur les interprétations qu’en fait aujourd’hui la classe politique. Chez ces auteurs, les Lumières deviennent un processus mal défini qui permettrait aux Musulmans d’accéder à l’identité française.
Sacralité épique ou profanation fabuleuse? L’éducation séculière de L’honneur de la tribu de Rachid Mimouni
Authors: Vallury Raji
Published: June 2014

The epic and the novel are narrative forms closely tied to the modern experience of the secular, or what George Lukács has described as a world abandoned by God. This article examines whether the postcolonial novel produced at the margins of the European literary tradition stands in a similar aesthetico-political relationship to the experience of secular modernity. Using Algeria as a case study, it reviews the historical, political, and cultural tensions between secularism and Islamism in postcolonial Algeria. Next, it analyses Rachid Mimouni’s L’honneur de la tribu, a novel published in 1989, the watershed year that inaugurated the bloody civil war between the secular, socialist state and the Islamist opposition in Algeria. Borrowing elements from the epic and the fable, the novel’s dystopic imaginary blurs the distinction between the sacred and the profane in order to express a secularism of pluralism and the toleration of difference.

Quelle est la relation entre la sécularité, le sécularisme et le projet pédagogique du roman? Qu’est-ce que la littérature pourrait nous apprendre dans un monde privé des certitudes de la transcendance et livré à la contingence de son immanence? ‘Le roman’, déclare Lukács, ‘est l’épopée d’un monde abandonné par Dieu’. Notre article propose une lecture d’un roman par un écrivain algérien postcolonial, L’honneur de la tribu de Rachid Mimouni, afin de tenter de répondre à ces interrogations. Le roman a été publié en 1989, l’année qui a inauguré la guerre civile sanglante en Algérie. L’honneur de la tribu, qui affiche toutes les caractéristiques littéraires de l’épopée, de la fable, de la satire et de l’utopie, constitue un roman d’apprentissage ou un roman d’éducation, où la narration se déploie par le biais d’une écriture parabolique. Mais son impulsion ouvertement didactique se fourvoie dans les détours inventifs d’un langage figuré qui contourne la fixité programmatique d’un destin religieux pour la nation et la communauté politique. L’ambiguïté ironique, en déviant les bases d’une instrumentalisation de la foi religieuse, fonctionne comme le médiateur évanouissant qui sécularise le sécularisme à travers un engagement autocritique avec la justice sociale, l’égalité, le pluralisme et la tolérance.
Projecto Educativo de Agrupamento de Escolas: Um contributo para a sua compreensão
Authors: Ribeiro Célia , Marques Paula Cristina
Published: June 2014

Neste artigo, procurámos, numa primeira parte, reflectir sobre as perspectivas actuais da escola. Na segunda parte, apresentamos o enquadramento legal do Projecto Educativo de Escola e como ele pode contribuir para a mudança das/nas escolas portuguesas.
Acordo Interavaliadores em Relação ao Comportamento Adaptativo de Crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais
Authors: Boiça Sandra Marisa , Albuquerque Cristina Petrucci
Published: June 2014

Este estudo analisa o acordo interavaliadores na Escala de Comportamento Adaptativo de Vineland – versão Escolar, isto é, determina qual o grau de concordância entre as avaliações de pais e professores de Apoio Educativo em relação ao comportamento adaptativo de 40 crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais, a frequentarem o 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico. O estudo analisa, ainda, a influência do número de factores de stresse familiar, do grau de envolvimento parental na escolaridade e dos anos de experiência dos professores em funções de Apoio Educativo. As correlações entre as duas fontes de informação são baixas ou moderadas, tendo sido no domínio da Socialização que se registou a correlação mais baixa e o menor grau de acordo. Os dados obtidos salientam a importância de considerar e valorizar os contributos de ambas as fontes de informação ao nível da avaliação do comportamento adaptativo.
O síndrome de Williams e o contexto família: um estudo piloto
Authors: Gonçalves Marta
Published: June 2014

Objectivos: O presente estudo piloto debruça-se sobre a situação psicossocial de famílias com um membro com o síndrome de Williams, realçando como as famílias lidam com este síndrome no seu quotidiano. Métodos: Três famílias participaram no estudo de natureza qualitativa. Cada membro da família (mãe, pai, membro com o síndrome de Williams e irmão) foi entrevistado usando um guião especialmente desenvolvido para o projecto. As entrevistas foram documentadas em forma de relatório e interpretadas com referência ao modelo de stress de Schneewind e ao modelo ecológico de Brofenbrenner. Resultados: Os membros da família demonstraram diferentes modos de coping dependendo dos seus recursos pessoais e familiares, dos factores stressores e da percepção subjectiva do stressor. Contudo, verificou-se uma tendência comum de coping dentro de cada grupo de membros da família (grupo das mães, pais, membros com o síndrome de Williams e irmãos). Conclusões: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de uma melhor compreensão das famílias com um membro com o síndrome de Williams, nomeadamente da perspectiva de cada membro da família incluindo o afectado pelo síndrome.
Abandono escolar em adolescentes brasileiros do ensino público: estudo de variáveis familiares
Authors: Bayma-Freire Hilda , Machado Teresa Sousa , Roazzi António
Published: June 2014

A estrutura familiar e nível socioeconómico podem tornar-se factores significativos para o desempenho escolar dos jovens, agindo indirectamente através das práticas educativas e oportunidades de opção por uma educação mais exigente. Tal é particularmente notório em países onde existem clivagens marcadas entre grupos sociais. O objectivo deste estudo é analisar as relações entre diferentes tipologias familiares de classe desfavorecida do Recife (Brasil) e o tipo de relação do pai e da mãe com os filhos em adolescentes que abandonaram a escola. Analisou-se o envolvimento dos pais (pai e mãe), segundo a percepção dos responsáveis escolares, no dia-a-dia da vida escolar de 504 alunos (entre os 15 e 17 anos) e sua relação com o abandono escolar dos filhos. Os resultados apontam que o pai (seja em famílias monoparentais, reconstruídas, ou de pai ausente), tende a apresentar um relacionamento de indiferença relativamente à vida escolar dos filhos. Esta atitude apresenta associações significativas com a estrutura familiar destes adolescentes que abandonaram os estudos. A atitude da mãe face à escola surge como calorosa/ apoiante (na maioria dos casos), apresentando também relações significativas com a estrutura da família. O abandono no ensino médio público (equivalente ao ensino secundário em Portugal) nas classes desfavorecidas brasileiras é um problema grave, de dimensões e repercussões preocupantes.
Emílio: Texto e Contexto
Authors: Paiva Wilson Alves de
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a formação do homem no texto e no contexto da obra Emílio ou da Educação, de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A singularidade do discurso e o que se postula nessa obra ampliam consideravelmente nossa compreensão a respeito das idéias que direcionaram a formação do homem moderno até os dias de hoje. O que faz de Rousseau um marco divisório na história da educação ocidental. Seu tratado educacional produz uma nova visão de homem e, portanto, um rico material teórico para pensarmos a sociedade do século XXI. O Emílio aparece como uma tentativa audaciosa e apaixonada de restaurar o homem natural para viver virtuosamente a realidade social. Em todos os sentidos, o jovem Emílio está sendo preparado para viver plenamente sua vida pessoal, como homem, ou uma vida pública, como um dedicado cidadão de alguma comunidade qualquer.
Abandono Escolar Precoce e Comportamento Anti-Social na Adolescência: Dados de um Estudo Empírico
Authors: Taborda-Simões Maria da Conceição , Fonseca António Castro , Lopes Maria da Conceição
Published: June 2014

O objectivo deste artigo era examinar o efeito do abandono escolar precoce sobre diversas formas de comportamento anti-social numa amostra de adolescentes portugueses. Os dados eram provenientes de um estudo longitudinal em curso há vários anos na Universidade de Coimbra. Os indivíduos que abandonaram a escola sem concluir o 9º ano ou antes dos 16 anos (desistentes) foram comparados com os que continuaram a estudar (persistentes), em várias medidas de comportamento anti-social. Os resultados dessas análises revelaram que os adolescentes que abandonaram precocemente a escola apresentavam mais formas de inadaptação, incluindo comportamentos e atitudes anti-sociais, do que os seus colegas na fase intermédia e na fase final da adolescência. Estes resultados são discutidos à luz das conclusões de trabalhos anteriores.
Makarenko e Pistrak: Uma Análise da Pedagogia Social do Trabalho
Authors: Valle Hardalla Santos do , Arriada Eduardo
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo procura investigar alguns aspectos similares da pedagogia social, voltada para a Educação do Trabalho, de Anton Semiónovitch Makarenko e Moisey Mikhaylovich Pistrak. O primeiro atuando na Colônia Gorki, em Poltava e Khárkov (Ucrânia) e o segundo na Escola Lepechinski,em Moscou (Rússia). Nesse sentido, apresentamos as seguintes inquietudes como norteadoras desse trabalho: Como funcionava a educação para o trabalho de cada um desses educadores? Que fatores instigaram essas posturas pedagógicas? Que reflexões nos possibilitam tais experiências?Elementos que serão observados no decorrer desse trabalho. O meio escolhido de nos aproximarmos dessas respostas foram a metodologia da pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como, a análise de conteúdo.
Flipping the classroom in an academic writing course
Authors: Engin Marion , Donanci Senem
Published: June 2014

This article describes a series of video lessons the authors prepared using the iPad application Educreations to teach elements of the academic essay in an English-medium university in the United Arab Emirates. The authors give a brief introduction to the topic, a rationale for flipping the classroom, and provide a step-by-step account of how the academic writing course progressed.
Designing interactive scavenger hunt using QR codes
Authors: Gressick Julia , Spitzer Bruce Alan , Sagarsee Kyle
Published: June 2014

This Quick Hit describes the use of QR codes and Google Forms and Spreadsheets in the development of an interactive game that facilitated students' review of course information and orientation to a new building on campus.
Finding relevant patterns in bursty sequences
Authors: Lachmann Alexander , Riedewald Mirek
Published: June 2014

Sequence data is ubiquitous and finding frequent sequences in a large database is one of the most common problems when analyzing sequence data. Unfortunately many sources of sequence data, e.g., sensor networks for data-driven science, RFID-based supply chain monitoring, and computing system monitoring infrastructure, produce a challenging workload for sequence mining. It is common to find
bursts
of events of the same type. Such bursts result in high mining cost, because input sequences are longer. An even greater challenge is that these bursts tend to produce an overwhelming number of irrelevant repetitive sequence patterns with high support. Simply raising the support threshold is not a solution, because at some point interesting sequences will get eliminated. As an alternative we propose a novel transformation of the input sequences. We show that this transformation has several desirable properties. First, the transformed data can still be mined with existing sequence mining algorithms. Second, for a given support threshold the mining result can often be obtained much faster and it is usually much smaller and easier to interpret. Third, and most importantly, we show that the result sequences retain the important characteristics of the sequences that would have been found in the original (not transformed) data. We validate our technique with an experimental study using synthetic and real data.
Constrained locally weighted clustering
Authors: Cheng Hao , Hua Kien A. , Vu Khanh
Published: June 2014

Data clustering is a difficult problem due to the complex and heterogeneous natures of multidimensional data. To improve clustering accuracy, we propose a scheme to capture the local correlation structures: associate each cluster with an independent weighting vector and embed it in the subspace spanned by an adaptive combination of the dimensions. Our clustering algorithm takes advantage of the known pairwise instance-level constraints. The data points in the constraint set are divided into groups through inference; and each group is assigned to the feasible cluster which minimizes the sum of squared distances between all the points in the group and the corresponding centroid. Our theoretical analysis shows that the probability of points being assigned to the correct clusters is much higher by the new algorithm, compared to the conventional methods. This is confirmed by our experimental results, indicating that our design indeed produces clusters which are closer to the ground truth than clusters created by the current state-of-the-art algorithms.
Resisting structural re-identification in anonymized social networks
Authors: Hay Michael , Miklau Gerome , Jensen David , Towsley Don , Weis Philipp
Published: June 2014

We identify privacy risks associated with releasing network data sets and provide an algorithm that mitigates those risks. A network consists of entities connected by links representing relations such as friendship, communication, or shared activity. Maintaining privacy when publishing networked data is uniquely challenging because an individual's network context can be used to identify them even if other identifying information is removed. In this paper, we quantify the privacy risks associated with three classes of attacks on the privacy of individuals in networks, based on the knowledge used by the adversary. We show that the risks of these attacks vary greatly based on network structure and size. We propose a novel approach to anonymizing network data that models aggregate network structure and then allows samples to be drawn from that model. The approach guarantees anonymity for network entities while preserving the ability to estimate a wide variety of network measures with relatively little bias.
Authenticating the query results of text search engines
Authors: Pang HweeHwa , Mouratidis Kyriakos
Published: June 2014

The number of successful attacks on the Internet shows that it is very difficult to guarantee the security of online search engines. A breached server that is not detected in time may return incorrect results to the users. To prevent that, we introduce a methodology for generating an integrity proof for each search result. Our solution is targeted at search engines that perform similarity-based document retrieval, and utilize an inverted list implementation (as most search engines do). We formulate the properties that define a correct result, map the task of processing a text search query to adaptations of existing threshold-based algorithms, and devise an authentication scheme for checking the validity of a result. Finally, we confirm the efficiency and practicality of our solution through an empirical evaluation with real documents and benchmark queries.
WYSIWYG development of data driven web applications
Authors: Yang Fan , Gupta Nitin , Botev Chavdar , Churchill Elizabeth F , Levchenko George , Shanmugasundaram Jayavel
Published: June 2014

An emerging trend in Social Networking sites and Web portals is the opening up of their APIs to external application developers. For example, the Facebook Platform, Google Gadgets and Yahoo! Widgets allow developers to design their own applications, which can then can be integrated with the platform and shared with other users. However, current APIs are targeted towards developers with programming expertise and database knowledge; they are not accessible to a large class of users who do not have a programming/database background, but would nevertheless like to create new applications. To address this need, we have developed the AppForge system, which provides a WYSIWYG application development platform. Users can graphically specify the components of webpages inside a Web browser, and the corresponding database schema and application logic will be automatically generated on the fly by the system. The WYSIWYG interface gives instantaneous feedback on what users have created and allows them to run, test and continuously refine their applications. AppForge has been used to create prototype versions of a variety of applications such as an event planning system, a recruiting system, an item trading system and an online course management system. We have also conducted a small and preliminary user study to identify and fix some of the usability aspects of AppForge.
Web page language identification based on URLs
Authors: Baykan Eda , Henzinger Monika , Weber Ingmar
Published: June 2014

Given
only
the URL of a web page, can we identify its language? This is the question that we examine in this paper.

Such a language classifier is, for example, useful for crawlers of web search engines, which frequently try to satisfy certain language quotas. To determine the language of uncrawled web pages, they have to download the page, which might be wasteful, if the page is not in the desired language. With URL-based language classifiers these redundant downloads can be avoided.

We apply a variety of machine learning algorithms to the language identification task and evaluate their performance in extensive experiments for five languages: English, French, German, Spanish and Italian. Our best methods achieve an F-measure, averaged over all languages, of around .90 for both a random sample of 1,260 web page from a large web crawl and for 25k pages from the ODP directory. For 5k pages of web search engine results we even achieve an F-measure of .96. The achieved recall for these collections is .93, .88 and .95 respectively. Two independent human evaluators performed considerably worse on the task, with an F-measure of .75 and a typical recall of a mere .67. Using only country-code top-level domains, such as .de or .fr yields a good precision, but a typical recall of below .60 and an F-measure of around .68.
Tighter estimation using bottom k sketches
Authors: Cohen Edith , Kaplan Haim
Published: June 2014

Summaries of massive data sets support approximate query processing over the original data. A basic aggregate over a set of records is the weight of subpopulations specified as a predicate over records' attributes.
Bottom-k
sketches are a powerful summarization format of weighted items that includes priority sampling [22], and the classic weighted sampling without replacement. They can be computed efficiently for many representations of the data including distributed databases and data streams and support coordinated and all-distances sketches.

We derive novel unbiased estimators and confidence bounds for subpopulation weight. Our
rank conditioning
(RC) estimator is applicable when the total weight of the sketched set cannot be computed by the summarization algorithm without a significant use of additional resources (such as for sketches of network neighborhoods) and the tighter
subset conditioning
(SC) estimator that is applicable when the total weight is available (sketches of data streams).

Our estimators are derived using clever applications of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator (that is not directly applicable to bottom-
k
sketches). We develop efficient computational methods and conduct performance evaluation using a range of synthetic and real data sets. We demonstrate considerable benefits of the SC estimator on larger subpopulations (over all other estimators); of the RC estimator (over existing estimators for weighted sampling without replacement); and of our confidence bounds (over all previous approaches).
Data exchange with data-metadata translations
Authors: Hernández Mauricio A. , Papotti Paolo , Tan Wang-Chiew
Published: June 2014

Data exchange is the process of converting an instance of one schema into an instance of a different schema according to a given specification. Recent data exchange systems have largely dealt with the case where the schemas are given a priori and transformations can only migrate data from the first schema to an instance of the second schema. In particular, the ability to perform
data-metadata translations
, transformation in which data is converted into metadata or metadata is converted into data, is largely ignored. This paper provides a systematic study of the data exchange problem with data-metadata translation capabilities. We describe the problem, our solution, implementation and experiments. Our solution is a principled and systematic extension of the existing data exchange framework; all the way from the constructs required in the visual interface to specify data-metadata correspondences, which naturally extend the traditional value correspondences, to constructs required for the mapping language to specify data-metadata translations, and algorithms required for generating mappings and queries that perform the exchange.
Out-of-order processing
Authors: Li Jin , Tufte Kristin , Shkapenyuk Vladislav , Papadimos Vassilis , Johnson Theodore , Maier David
Published: June 2014

Many stream-processing systems enforce an order on data streams during query evaluation to help unblock blocking operators and purge state from stateful operators. Such in-order processing (IOP) systems not only must enforce order on input streams, but also require that query operators preserve order. This order-preserving requirement constrains the implementation of stream systems and incurs significant performance penalties, particularly for memory consumption. Especially for high-performance, potentially distributed stream systems, the cost of enforcing order can be prohibitive. We introduce a new architecture for stream systems, out-of-order processing (OOP), that avoids ordering constraints. The OOP architecture frees stream systems from the burden of order maintenance by using explicit stream progress indicators, such as punctuation or heartbeats, to unblock and purge operators. We describe the implementation of OOP stream systems and discuss the benefits of this architecture in depth. For example, the OOP approach has proven useful for smoothing workload bursts caused by expensive end-of-window operations, which can overwhelm internal communication paths in IOP approaches. We have implemented OOP in two stream systems, Gigascope and NiagaraST. Our experimental study shows that the OOP approach can significantly outperform IOP in a number of aspects, including memory, throughput and latency.
Simrank++
Authors: Antonellis Ioannis , Molina Hector Garcia , Chang Chi Chao
Published: June 2014

We focus on the problem of query rewriting for sponsored search. We base rewrites on a historical click graph that records the ads that have been clicked on in response to past user queries. Given a query
q
, we first consider Simrank [7] as a way to identify queries similar to
q
, i.e., queries whose ads a user may be interested in. We argue that Simrank fails to properly identify query similarities in our application, and we present two enhanced versions of Simrank: one that exploits weights on click graph edges and another that exploits "evidence." We experimentally evaluate our new schemes against Simrank, using actual click graphs and queries from Yahoo!, and using a variety of metrics. Our results show that the enhanced methods can yield more and better query rewrites.
Row-wise parallel predicate evaluation
Authors: Johnson Ryan , Raman Vijayshankar , Sidle Richard , Swart Garret
Published: June 2014

Table scans have become more interesting recently due to greater use of ad-hoc queries and greater availability of multi-core, vector-enabled hardware. Table scan performance is limited by value representation, table layout, and processing techniques. In this paper we propose a new layout and processing technique for efficient one-pass predicate evaluation. Starting with a set of rows with a fixed number of bits per column, we append columns to form a set of banks and then pad each bank to a supported machine word length, typically 16, 32, or 64 bits. We then evaluate partial predicates on the columns of each bank, using a novel evaluation strategy that evaluates column level equality, range tests, IN-list predicates, and conjuncts of these predicates, simultaneously on multiple columns within a bank, and on multiple rows within a machine register. This approach outperforms pure column stores, which must evaluate the partial predicates one column at a time. We evaluate and compare the performance and representation overhead of this new approach and several proposed alternatives.
Automated creation of a forms-based database query interface
Authors: Jayapandian Magesh , Jagadish H. V.
Published: June 2014

Forms-based query interfaces are widely used to access databases today. The design of a forms-based interface is often a key step in the deployment of a database. Each form in such an interface is capable of expressing only a very limited range of queries. Ideally, the set of forms as a whole must be able to express all possible queries that any user may have. Creating an interface that approaches this ideal is surprisingly hard. In this paper, we seek to maximize the ability of a forms-based interface to support queries a user may ask, while bounding both the number of forms and the complexity of any one form. Given a database schema and content we present an automated technique to generate a good set of forms that meet the above desiderata. While a careful analysis of real or expected query workloads are useful in designing the interface, these query sets are often unavailable or hard to obtain prior to the database even being deployed. Hence generating a good set of forms just using the database itself is a challenging yet important problem. Our experimental analysis shows that our techniques can create a reasonable set of forms, one that can express 60--90% of user queries, without any input from the database administrator. Human experts, without support from software such as ours, are often unable to support as high a fraction of user queries.
Efficient network aware search in collaborative tagging sites
Authors: Yahia Sihem Amer , Benedikt Michael , Lakshmanan Laks V. S. , Stoyanovich Julia
Published: June 2014

The popularity of collaborative tagging sites presents a unique opportunity to explore keyword search in a context where query results are determined by the opinion of a network of taggers related to a seeker. In this paper, we present the first in-depth study of
network-aware
search. We investigate efficient top-
k
processing when the score of an answer is computed as its popularity among members of a seeker's network. We argue that obvious adaptations of top-
k
algorithms are too space-intensive, due to
the dependence of scores on the seeker's network.
We therefore develop algorithms based on maintaining
score upper-bounds.
The
global upper-bound approach
maintains a single score upper-bound for every pair of item and tag, over the entire collection of users. The resulting bounds are very coarse. We thus investigate
clustering seekers based on similar behavior of their networks.
We show that finding the optimal clustering of seekers is intractable, but we provide heuristic methods that give substantial time improvements. We then give an optimization that can benefit smaller populations of seekers based on
clustering of taggers.
Our results are supported by extensive experiments on del.icio.us datasets.
On the provenance of non-answers to queries over extracted data
Authors: Huang Jiansheng , Chen Ting , Doan AnHai , Naughton Jeffrey F.
Published: June 2014

In information extraction, uncertainty is ubiquitous. For this reason, it is useful to provide users querying extracted data with explanations for the answers they receive. Providing the provenance for tuples in a query result partially addresses this problem, in that provenance can explain why a tuple is in the result of a query. However, in some cases explaining why a tuple is not in the result may be just as helpful. In this work we focus on providing provenance-style explanations for non-answers and develop a mechanism for providing this new type of provenance. Our experience with an information extraction prototype suggests that our approach can provide effective provenance information that can help a user resolve their doubts over non-answers to a query.
Approximate lineage for probabilistic databases
Authors: Ré Christopher , Suciu Dan
Published: June 2014

In probabilistic databases,
lineage
is fundamental to both query processing and understanding the data. Current systems s.a. Trio or Mystiq use a
complete approach
in which the lineage for a tuple
t
is a Boolean formula which represents all derivations of
t
. In large databases lineage formulas can become huge: in one public database (the Gene Ontology) we often observed 10MB of lineage (provenance) data for a single tuple. In this paper we propose to use
approximate lineage
, which is a much smaller formula keeping track of only the most important derivations, which the system can use to process queries and provide explanations. We discuss in detail two specific kinds of approximate lineage: (1) a conservative approximation called sufficient lineage that records the most important derivations for each tuple, and (2) polynomial lineage, which is more aggressive and can provide higher compression ratios, and which is based on Fourier approximations of Boolean expressions. In this paper we define approximate lineage formally, describe algorithms to compute approximate lineage and prove formally their error bounds, and validate our approach experimentally on a real data set.
Access control over uncertain data
Authors: Rastogi Vibhor , Suciu Dan , Welbourne Evan
Published: June 2014

Access control is the problem of regulating access to secret information based on certain context information. In traditional applications, context information is known exactly, permitting a simple allow/deny semantics. In this paper, we look at access control when the context is itself uncertain. Our motivating application is RFID data management, in which the location of objects and people, and the associations between them is often uncertain to the system, yet access to private data is strictly defined in terms of these locations and associations.

We formalize a natural semantics for access control that allows the release of partial information in the presence of uncertainty and describe an algorithm that uses a provably optimal perturbation function to enforce these semantics. To specify access control policies in practice, we describe UCAL, a new access control language for uncertain data. We then describe an output perturbation algorithm to implement access control policies described by UCAL. We carry out a set of experiments that demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and confirm its superiority over other possible approaches such as thresholding or sampling.
Privacy preserving serial data publishing by role composition
Authors: Bu Yingyi , Fu Ada Wai Chee , Wong Raymond Chi Wing , Chen Lei , Li Jiuyong
Published: June 2014

Previous works about privacy preserving serial data publishing on dynamic databases have relied on unrealistic assumptions of the nature of dynamic databases. In many applications, some sensitive values changes freely while others never change. For example, in medical applications, the disease attribute changes with time when patients recover from one disease and develop another disease. However, patients do not recover from some diseases such as HIV. We call such diseases permanent sensitive values. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing solutions handle these realistic issues. We propose a novel anonymization approach called HD-composition to solve the above problems. Extensive experiments with real data confirm our theoretical results.