bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A spatially pinned surface plasmon through short-circuiting electronic oscillation in waveguide-sustained SPPs
Authors: Fu Yulan , Zhang Xiaochen , Wang Meng , Zhang Xinping
Published: September 2020

A spatially pinned surface plasmon is constructed by connecting a gold nanoshell grating with a planar gold nanofilm, forming a periodical array of gold nanoloops.
A TiS2/Celgard separator as an efficient polysulfide shuttling inhibitor for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Yan Guanfusheng , Xu Chuan , Meng Zhaohui , Hou Mingzhen , Yan Wen , Lin Naibo , Lai Linfei , Zhan Da
Published: September 2020

In this work, we adopted a simple solid-phase sintering method to synthesize TiS2 and further modified the Celgard membrane by vacuum filtration, and found that the TiS2-VF/Celgard membrane can restrain the shuttling effects of polysulfide.
Syntheses and reactivity of spiro-epoxy/aziridine oxindole cores: developments in the past decade
Authors: Sakla Akash P. , Kansal Pritish , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: September 2020

This review highlights various reactions to afford spiro-epoxy/aziridine oxindoles and their potential synthetic transformations.
FeCl3-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of aryl/heteroaryl acetic acids: preparation of selected API impurities
Authors: Gangadurai Chinnakuzhanthai , Illa Giri Teja , Reddy D. Srinivasa
Published: September 2020

An iron catalyzed one-pot, environmentally benign protocol for the oxidative decarboxylation of aryl/heteroaryl acetic acids to synthesize corresponding carbonyl compounds and five important API impurities is described.
Probing the glycopolymer–ion interaction via specific ion effects
Authors: Meng Xiancheng , Li Die , Zhang Aotian , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2020

Specific ion effects were used to probe the interactions between thermoresponsive glycopolymers and different ions.
Extraction of Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) from aqueous hydrochloric acid with 1,3-diaminocalix[4]arene: switching of the extraction selectivity by using different extraction modes
Authors: Morohashi Naoya , Kurusu Yu , Akasaka Kosuke , Hattori Tetsutaro
Published: September 2020

1,3-Diaminocalix[4]arene shows extraction ability toward Pd(ii) and Pt(ii), the selectivity of which can be switched by changing the concentrations of H+ and Cl− in the aqueous phase.
The effect of lithium on structural and luminescence performance of tunable light-emitting nanophosphors for white LEDs
Authors: Limbu Sanjeeb , Singh Laishram Robindro , Okram Gunadhor Singh
Published: September 2020

Li+ incorporated tunable Y2O3:Eu3+ red-emitting nanophosphors were synthesized using a wet chemical method.
Cooperation of Fe(II) and peroxymonosulfate for enhancement of sulfamethoxazole photodegradation: mechanism study and toxicity elimination
Authors: Gong Han , Chu Wei , Gong He , Huang Airu , Lin Jingjun , Yan Muting
Published: September 2020

For the first time, this study systematically revealed the potential, the mechanism and the risk of removing sulfamethoxazole by UV/Fe(II)/peroxymonosulfate.
Interaction of LiYF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Ho3+/Tm3+@LiYF4:Yb3+ upconversion nanoparticles, molecularly imprinted polymers, and templates
Authors: Chien Hsiu-Wen , Tsai Min-Ting , Yang Chien-Hsin , Lee Rong-Ho , Wang Tzong-Liu
Published: September 2020

In this work, LiYF4:Yb0.253+/Er0.013+/Tm0.013+/Ho0.013+@LiYF4:Yb0.23+ upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) were used as luminescent materials for the preparation of molecular imprinting polymer nanocomposites.
Hydrophilic modification of polyvinyl chloride with polyacrylic acid using ATRP
Authors: Rusen Edina , Raluca Şomoghi  , Busuioc Cristina , Diacon Aurel
Published: September 2020

Amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized through a “grafting from” technique using an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiated from the surface of an iodinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-I) membrane and in solution.
Pyrazinamide resistance of novel mutations inpncAand their dynamic behavior
Authors: Ali Arif , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Khan Abbas , Ali Sajid , Chinnasamy Sathishkumar , Akhtar Khalid , Shafiq Athar , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: September 2020

We performed several analyses to unveil the pyrazinamide-resistance mechanism of R123P, T76P, G150A, and H71R mutants through molecular dynamics simulations.
Coadsorption behaviors and mechanisms of Pb(ii) and methylene blue onto a biodegradable multi-functional adsorbent with temperature-tunable selectivity
Authors: Chen Rongping , Cai Jiali , Li Qing , Wei XinYuan , Min Huihua , Yong Qiang
Published: September 2020

The preparation mechanism of SLS.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 3,2′-pyrrolinyl spirooxindoles via conjugate addition/Schmidt-type rearrangement of vinyl azides and (E)-alkenyloxindoles
Authors: Zhong Ziwei , Xiao Zhijie , Liu Xiaohua , Cao Weidi , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2020

Lewis acid catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of 3,2′-pyrrolinyl spirooxindole skeletons via conjugate addition/Schmidt-type rearrangement of vinyl azides and (E)-alkenyloxindoles.
Ruthenium-catalyzed cascade C–H activation/annulation of N-alkoxybenzamides: reaction development and mechanistic insight
Authors: Song Liangliang , Zhang Xiaoyong , Tang Xiao , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Johan , Harvey Jeremy N. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: September 2020

A highly selective ruthenium-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation through a pathway involving N–O bond cleavage prior to alkyne insertion is developed.
Diverse strategies for transition metal catalyzed distal C(sp3)–H functionalizations
Authors: Das Jayabrata , Guin Srimanta , Maiti Debabrata
Published: September 2020

Transition metal catalyzed C(sp3)–H functionalization is a rapidly growing field.
Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance from particulate ZnSe:Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photocathodes during solar hydrogen production via particle size control
Authors: Takagi Fumiaki , Kageshima Yosuke , Teshima Katsuya , Domen Kazunari , Nishikiori Hiromasa
Published: September 2020

The photoelectrochemical performance of a particulate (ZnSe)0.85(CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2)0.15 photocathode was enhanced via a facile classification method.
Electrolytes in regimes of strong confinement: surface charge modulations, osmotic equilibrium and electroneutrality
Authors: Bakhshandeh Amin , Segala Maximiliano , Colla Thiago
Published: September 2020

In this work, we investigate the interplay between osmotic ionic equilibrium and induced interactions between planar surfaces with nanopatterned charged domains.
Layered double hydroxide-based antioxidant dispersions with high colloidal and functional stability
Authors: Szerlauth Adél , Muráth Szabolcs , Szilagyi Istvan
Published: September 2020

Highly stable antioxidant dispersions were designed on the basis of ring-opened ellagic acid (EA) intercalated into MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles.
Observation of iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis in magnetogels using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Oberdick Samuel D. , Russek Stephen E. , Poorman Megan E. , Zabow Gary
Published: September 2020

We show that MRI can be used to characterize dynamics of magnetic nanoparticle growth during the synthesis of magnetically responsive polymer gels.
Thermotolerant separators for safe lithium-ion batteries under extreme conditions
Authors: Li Yaqian , Yu Le , Hu Weiren , Hu Xianluo
Published: September 2020

This review presents the recent development of thermotolerant lithium-ion battery separators with improved safety according to different design strategies.
Artificial photosynthetic assemblies constructed by the self-assembly of synthetic building blocks for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Jin , Xia Wu , Lan Minhuan , Xing Xue-Jian , Hu Jun-Chao , Huang Li , Liu Jing , Ren Ying-Yi , Liu Hongfang , Wang Feng
Published: September 2020

An artificial photosynthetic assembly (APA) was successfully constructed by using synthetic building blocks to mimic the structure and function of natural photosynthetic bacteria for photocatalytic H2 production.
A novel MIP-ECL sensor based on RGO–CeO2NP/Ru(bpy)32+-chitosan for ultratrace determination of trimipramine
Authors: Khonsari Yasamin Nasiri , Sun Shiguo
Published: September 2020

A new type of MIP-ECL superselective and hypersensitive TRI detection sensor was designed using CeO2NP RGO/Ru(bpy)32+-MIP chitosan as an electrode. The MIP-ECL has high sensitivity, good precision and selectivity to TRI.
A supercritical removal method: the rapid elimination of impurities in polymethyl-methacrylate at near room temperature and a mechanism investigation of insulating property improvements
Authors: Qi Kang , Li Lei , Chang Kuan-Chang , Lin Xinnan , Liu Heng-Jui , Lai Ying-Chih , Zheng Haiting , Huang Guangyan , Kuo Tzu-Peng
Published: September 2020

A high-efficiency and rapid removal method to eliminate impurities in PMMA films at near-room-temperature is illustrated.
Highly thermal-stable perylene-bisimide small molecules as efficient electron-transport materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yan Weibo , He Zhaoxia , Jiang Jingjing , Lu Di , Gong Yuancai , Yang Wensheng , Xia Ruidong , Huang Wei , Xin Hao
Published: September 2020

Highly thermal-stable perylene-bisimide small molecule PDI-PhCN was synthesized and used as efficient electron-transporting material for inverted perovskite solar cells.
Epithelial barrier function properties of the 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cell culture model
Authors: Callaghan Patrick J. , Ferrick Bryan , Rybakovsky Elizabeth , Thomas Sunil , Mullin James M.
Published: September 2020

The human bronchial epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o- (16HBE), is widely used as a model for respiratory epithelial diseases and barrier function. During differentiation, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) increased to approximately 800 Ohms × cm2, while 14C-d-mannitol flux rates (Jm) simultaneously decreased. Tight junctions (TJs) were shown by diffusion potential studies to be anion-selective with PC1/PNa = 1.9. Transepithelial leakiness could be induced by the phorbol ester, protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Basal barrier function could not be improved by the micronutrients, zinc, or quercetin. Of methodological significance, TER was observed to be more variable and to spontaneously, significantly decrease after initial barrier formation, whereas Jm did not significantly fluctuate or increase. Unlike the strong inverse relationship between TER and Jm during differentiation, differentiated cell layers manifested no relationship between TER and Jm. There was also much greater variability for TER values compared with Jm. Investigating the dependence of 16HBE TER on transcellular ion conductance, inhibition of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) chloride channel with GlyH-101 produced a large decrease in short-circuit current (Isc) and a slight increase in TER, but no significant change in Jm. A strong temperature dependence was observed not only for Isc, but also for TER. In summary, research utilizing 16HBE as a model in airway barrier function studies needs to be aware of the complexity of TER as a parameter of barrier function given the influence of CFTR-dependent transcellular conductance on TER.
Evidence of three mechanisms explaining the radius anomaly of hot Jupiters
Authors: Sarkis P. , Mordasini C. , Henning Th. , Marleau G. D. , Mollière P.
Published: September 2020

Context. The anomalously large radii of hot Jupiters are still not fully understood, and all of the proposed explanations are based on the idea that these close-in giant planets possess hot interiors. Most of the mechanisms proposed have been tested on a handful of exoplanets.

Aims. We approach the radius anomaly problem by adopting a statistical approach. We want to infer the internal luminosity for the sample of hot Jupiters, study its effect on the interior structure, and put constraints on which mechanism is the dominant one.

Methods. We developed a flexible and robust hierarchical Bayesian model that couples the interior structure of exoplanets to the observed properties of close-in giant planets. We applied the model to 314 hot Jupiters and inferred the internal luminosity distribution for each planet and studied at the population level (i) the mass–luminosity–radius distribution and as a function of equilibrium temperature the distributions of the (ii) heating efficiency, (iii) internal temperature, and the (iv) pressure of the radiative–convective–boundary (RCB).

Results. We find that hot Jupiters tend to have high internal luminosity with 104 LJ for the largest planets. As a result, we show that all the inflated planets have hot interiors with an internal temperature ranging from 200 up to 800 K for the most irradiated ones. This has important consequences on the cooling rate and we find that the RCB is located at low pressures between 3 and 100 bar. Assuming that the ultimate source of the extra heating is the irradiation from the host star, we also illustrate that the heating efficiency increases with increasing equilibrium temperature and reaches a maximum of 2.5% at ~1860 K, beyond which the efficiency decreases, which is in agreement with previous results. We discuss our findings in the context of the proposed heating mechanisms and illustrate that ohmic dissipation, the advection of potential temperature, and thermal tides are in agreement with certain trends inferred from our analysis and thus all three models can explain various aspects of the observations.

Conclusions. We provide new insights on the interior structure of hot Jupiters and show that with our current knowledge, it is still challenging to firmly identify the universal mechanism driving the inflated radii.
Disc galaxy resolved in H I absorption against the radio lobe of 3C 433: Case study for future surveys
Authors: Murthy Suma , Morganti Raffaella , Emonts Bjorn , Villar-Martín Montserrat , Oosterloo Tom , Peletier Reynier
Published: September 2020

The neutral atomic gas content of galaxies is usually studied in the H I 21 cm emission line of hydrogen. However, as we go to higher redshifts, owing to the weak strength of the transition, we need very deep integrations to detect H I emission. The H I absorption does not suffer from this dependence on distance as long as there is a sufficiently bright radio source to provide the background continuum. However, resolved H I absorption studies of galaxies are rare. We report one such rare study of resolved H I absorption against the radio galaxy 3C 433 at z = 0.101, detected with the Very Large Array. The absorption was known from single-dish observations, but owing to the higher spatial resolution of our data, we find that the absorber is located against the southern lobe of the radio galaxy. The resolved kinematics shows that the absorber has regular kinematics with an H I mass ≲3.4 × 108 M⊙ for Tspin = 100 K. We also present deep optical continuum observations and Hα observations from the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC), which reveal that the absorber is likely to be a faint disc galaxy in the same environment as 3C 433, with a stellar mass of ∼1010 M⊙ and a star-formation rate of 0.15 M⊙ yr−1 or less. Considering its H I mass, H I column density, stellar mass, and star-formation rate, this galaxy lies well below the main sequence of star forming galaxies. Its H I mass is lower than the galaxies studied in H I emission at z ∼ 0.1. Our GTC imaging has revealed, furthermore, interesting alignments between Hα and radio synchrotron emission in the H I companion and in the host galaxy of the active galactic nucleus as well as in the circumgalactic medium in between. This suggests that the shock ionization of gas by the propagating radio source may happen across a scale spanning many tens of kpc. Overall, our work supports the potential of studying the H I content in galaxies via absorption in the case of a fortuitous alignment with an extended radio continuum source. This approach may allow us to trace galaxies with low H I masses which would otherwise be missed by deep H I emission surveys. In conjunction with the deep all-sky optical surveys, the current and forthcoming blind H I surveys with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) pathfinder facilities will be able to detect many such systems, though they may not be able to resolve the H I absorption spatially. Phase 1 of the SKA, with its sub-arcsecond resolution and high sensitivity, will be all the more able to resolve the absorption in such systems.
The widest broadband transmission spectrum (0.38–1.71μm) of HD 189733b from ground-based chromatic Rossiter–McLaughlin observations
Authors: Oshagh M. , Bauer F. F. , Lafarga M. , Molaverdikhani K. , Amado P. J. , Nortmann L. , Reiners A. , Guzmán-Mesa A. , Pallé E. , Nagel E. , Caballero J. A. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Claret A. , Czesla S. , Galadí D. , Henning Th. , Khalafinejad S. , López-Puertas M. , Montes D. , Quirrenbach A. , Ribas I. , Stangret M. , Yan F. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Zechmeister M.
Published: September 2020

Multiband photometric transit observations (spectro-photometric) have been used mostly so far to retrieve broadband transmission spectra of transiting exoplanets in order to study their atmospheres. An alternative method was proposed, and has only been used once, to recover broadband transmission spectra using chromatic Rossiter–McLaughlin observations. We use the chromatic Rossiter–McLaughlin technique on archival and new observational data obtained with the HARPS and CARMENES instruments to retrieve transmission spectra of HD 189733b. The combined results cover the widest retrieved broadband transmission spectrum of an exoplanet obtained from ground-based observation. Our retrieved spectrum in the visible wavelength range shows the signature of a hazy atmosphere, and also includes an indication for the presence of sodium and potassium. These findings all agree with previous studies. The combined visible and near-infrared transmission spectrum exhibits a strong steep slope that may have several origins, such as a super-Rayleigh slope in the atmosphere of HD 189733b, an unknown systematic instrumental offset between the visible and near-infrared, or a strong stellar activity contamination. The host star is indeed known to be very active and might easily generate spurious features in the retrieved transmission spectra. Using our CARMENES observations, we assessed this scenario and place an informative constraint on some properties of the active regions of HD 189733. We demonstrate that the presence of starspots on HD 189733 can easily explain our observed strong slope in the broadband transmission spectrum.
Shape derivatives for an augmented Lagrangian formulation of elastic contact problems
Authors: Chaudet-Dumas Bastien , Deteix Jean
Published: September 2020

This work deals with shape optimization of an elastic body in sliding contact (Signorini) with a rigid foundation. The mechanical problem is written under its augmented Lagrangian formulation, then solved using a classical iterative approach. For practical reasons we are interested in applying the optimization process with respect to an intermediate solution produced by the iterative method. Because of the projection operator involved at each iteration, the iterate solution is not classically shape differentiable. However, using an approach based on directional derivatives, we are able to prove that it is conically differentiable with respect to the shape, and express sufficient conditions for shape differentiability. Finally, from the analysis of the sequence of conical shape derivatives of the iterative process, conditions are established for the convergence to the conical derivative of the original contact problem.
Measurements of short-lived fission product yields using monoenergetic neutron and photon beams
Authors: Finch Sean , Gooden Matthew , Hagmann Chris , Howell Calvin , Linero Vanessa , Silano Jack , Stoyer Mark , Tonchev Anton , Tornow Werner , Tsorxe Innocent , Wilhelmy Jerry
Published: September 2020

A joint TUNL-LLNL-LANL collaboration was formed to measure the absolute fission product yields from the 235 U, 238 U, and 239 Pu isotopes. Our goal is to study the energy evolution of fission products using monoenergetic beams. In order to extend our successful fission product-yield studies to include products with shorter half-lives, a RApid Belt-driven Irradiated Target Transfer System, named RABITTS, was constructed. This system allows us to perform cyclic activation and quantify fission products with γ-ray spectroscopy using HPGe detectors. Both a 1 meter and 10 meter transfer system have been developed, with transit times of 0.4 and 1.1 seconds, respectively. Using these systems, we have measured sub-second half-lives. Our goal is to measure fission product yields from neutron-induced fission with En = 0.5 − 14.8 MeV and photofission with Eγ = 8 − 15 MeV. A detailed characterization of the system’s performance is presented, including preliminary fission product measurements, and the expected sensitivity.
Fusion-induced fission measurements with the MUSIC active target detector
Authors: Almaraz-Calderon Sergio , Rehm K. Ernst , Asher Benjamin W. , Avila Melina L. , Auranen Kalle , Back Birger B. , Chen Jie , Dickerson Clayton , Jiang Cheng-Lie , Pardo Richard C. , Santiago-Gonzalez Daniel , Savard Guy , Talwar Rashi
Published: September 2020

The rapid neutron capture process (r-process) is believed to be responsible for about half of the production of the elements heavier than iron and it may also contribute to abundances of some lighter nuclides. Great excitement was recently generated by evidence for r-process nucleosynthesis in binary neutron star mergers via multi-wavelength observations of kilonova emission and gravitational waves. In order to interpret the observations and validate theoretical predictions, an understanding of the fission process, in particular of the evolution of fission barrier heights, is needed. An experimental study of fusioninduced fission cross sections using active-target detectors is a promising idea since the fission excitation function can be studied with a single beam energy. The Multi-Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC) is an active-target detector in which a gas serves as both, counting gas and target nuclei. A proof-of principle experiment to explore the ability to identify fission events with MUSIC was recently performed at Argonne National Laboratory. In this work, ideas, results and perspectives will be discussed.
Employing FREYA for fission product yield evaluations
Authors: Vogt R. , Randrup J. , Vassh N. , Sprouse T. , Surman R.
Published: September 2020

The fast event-by-event fission code FREYA (Fission Reaction Event Yield Algorithm) generates large samples of complete fission events while employing only a few physics-based parameters. Not only is FREYA fast, it is also flexible, able to employ a variety of input formats to test the implications of various fission yield evaluations on neutron and photon observables. We describe how FREYA was applied to the neutron-rich nuclei needed for r-process nucleosynthesis calculations as an example of this flexibility. Finally, we discuss how we plan to make use of this flexibility to extend FREYA to calculations of cumulative fission product yields to aid evaluations of these yields in the future.
Quantified uncertainties in fission yields from machine learning
Authors: Lovell A.E. , Mohan A.T. , Talou P. , Chertkov M.
Published: September 2020

As machine learning methods gain traction in the nuclear physics community, especially those methods that aim to propagate uncertainties to unmeasured quantities, it is important to understand how the uncertainty in the training data coming either from theory or experiment propagates to the uncertainty in the predicted values. Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Neural Networks are being more and more widely used, in particular to extrapolate beyond measured data. However, studies are typically not performed on the impact of the experimental errors on these extrapolated values. In this work, we focus on understanding how uncertainties propagate from input to prediction when using machine learning methods. We use a Mixture Density Network (MDN) to incorporate experimental error into the training of the network and construct uncertainties for the associated predicted quantities. Systematically, we study the effect of the size of the experimental error, both on the reproduced training data and extrapolated predictions for fission yields of actinides.
Retractation note: Étudier les marqueurs épistémiques et évidentiels du français tels qu’ils émergent dans la parole-en-interaction. Synthèse critique de la littérature existante
Authors: Jacquin Jérôme
Published: September 2020

This article has been mistakenly published in this volume and has been withdrawn at the request of the author and the scientific editors. Request approved on September 15, 2020.
Wirksamkeit manualtherapeutischer Techniken in Kombination mit vestibulärer Rehabilitation nach sportbedingten Gehirnerschütterungen – Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit randomisiert kontrollierter Studien
Authors: Scheiber Barbara , Schiefermeier-Mach Natalia , Wiederin Claudia
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund Die Rehabilitation nach leichter, sportbedingter Gehirnerschütterung erfordert eine komplexe Behandlung unter Berücksichtigung der muskuloskelettalen, insbesondere zervikogenen, und vestibulären Beteiligung. Das empfohlene Rehabilitationskonzept der vollständigen Ruhe bis zur Beschwerdefreiheit wird inzwischen neu bewertet. Aktuelle Studien deuten auf positive Auswirkungen einer frühen Mobilisierung und multimodaler Physiotherapie hin. Der medizinische Nutzen ausgewählter manualtherapeutischer Techniken wird in mehreren klinischen Studien untersucht. Bisher konnten jedoch keine eindeutigen Empfehlungen für manualtherapeutische Techniken nach einer Gehirnerschütterung ausgesprochen werden.

Ziel Analyse und Zusammenfassung vorhandener randomisiert kontrollierter Studien (RCTs) zur Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit manualtherapeutischer Techniken in Kombination mit vestibulärer Rehabilitation auf Symptomfreiheit und Wiedererlangung der sportlichen Belastbarkeit bei Patienten nach sportbedingten Gehirnerschütterungen.

Methode Systematische Recherche in den Datenbanken ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO-ICTRP, EBSCO, PubMed und PEDro mit den Suchbegriffen concussion, physiotherapy, manual therapy und mild traumatic brain injury. Eingeschlossen wurden RCTs zur Untersuchung manualtherapeutischer Techniken nach sportbedingten Gehirnerschütterungen oder milden Formen eines Schädelhirntraumas. Die Bewertung der methodischen Qualität erfolgte Anhand der PEDro-Skala.

Ergebnisse Publikationen zu 2 RCTs mit guter und moderater methodischer Qualität (PEDro-Skala: 7–8/10 Punkten) sowie eine Folgestudie wurden inkludiert. Als primärer Outcome-Parameter wurde in allen Studien der Zeitraum der ärztlichen Freigabe zur Rückkehr zum Sport angegeben. Sekundäre Outcome-Parameter bezogen sich auf Symptomfreiheit, Postconcussion Scale, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Balance Confidence Scale, Dizziness-Handicap-Index, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 und Joint-Position-Error-Test. Die Ergebnisse aller inkludierten Studien ergaben signifikante Unterschiede zugunsten der Interventionsgruppen. Die eingeschlossenen klinischen Studien waren jedoch in Bezug auf Design, Methodik und Auswahl der Techniken heterogen, was einen direkten Vergleich erschwerte.

Schlussfolgerung Abgeschlossene klinische Studien deuten darauf hin, dass manualtherapeutische Techniken als Teil eines multimodalen Rehabilitationsprogramms nach Gehirnerschütterungen und leichten Schädelhirntraumata von Nutzen sein können. Aufgrund der geringen Anzahl an RCTs und deren heterogenen Studiendesigns ist eine Bewertung der Wirksamkeit spezifischer manualtherapeutischer Techniken derzeit nicht möglich. Weitere hochwertige Studien sind erforderlich.
Calix[n]phenothiazines: Optoelectronic and Structural Properties and Host–Guest Chemistry
Authors: Schmidt Maximilian , Hermann Mathias , Otteny Fabian , Esser Birgit
Published: September 2020

Calixarenes are of interest as receptors for ions and small molecules and as organic materials. Exchanging the arene units through heteroaromatics allows changing their optoelectronic and host–guest properties. We herein present calix[n]phenothiazines (n = 3, 4) as novel macrocycles, accessible in two-step syntheses. The phenothiazine units show reversible redox events and emissive properties, and N-hexyl-substituted calix[3]phenothiazine binds to both ammonium ions and a bisimidazole as neutral guests.
Is Toxoplasma gondii Infection a Cause or a Coincidence in an Adolescent with Psychosis?
Authors: Yucel Hüsniye , Acikel Burak , Nur Öz F , Senel Saliha
Published: September 2020

Although presumed to be relatively harmless in immunocompetent patients, toxoplasmosis has been linked to several psychiatric problems such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and suicidal/aggressive behaviors. We describe an 11-year-old young adolescent girl with psychoses who was ultimately diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. It is an unusual presentation of Toxoplasma gondii infection that adds new knowledge to the current level of literature about the substantial role of Toxoplasma gondii in the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. We propose that screening for toxoplasmosis is needed besides other etiologies in differential diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms particularly in endemic areas.
Transition of Care for Children with High-Grade Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Ellenbogen Yosef , Yang Kaiyun , Ajani Olufemi
Published: September 2020

The increase in survival rates of children with high-grade central nervous system tumors has highlighted the necessity for and challenges associated with transition of care as these children grow into adult life. Late recurrence and treatment effects are some of the conditions that require care after transition. Several models of transition have been proposed in the literature. An effective transition will not only ensure adequate continuity of care but will also include assessment of effectiveness of the transition by health care personnel and the patient/patient's family themselves.
Probing nanoscale thermal transport in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: September 2020

Directly monitoring the lattice temperature evolution in the time domain using ultrafast electron diffraction reveals a decrease in thermal boundary resistance for high temperatures.
Structural breakdown in electrically stressed diodes
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: September 2020

Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal striking changes in surface morphology of GaN-on-GaN vertical devices subjected to high breakdown voltages.
Hidden triangular grating structures in biogenic guanine platelet
Authors: Iwasaka Masakazu
Published: September 2020

A platelet made of guanine is used to control light reflection from the bodies of fish, and an assembly of the platelets acts as an efficient photonic crystal. This work reveals that internal structures exist in addition to the smooth platelet surface. A fresh fish guanine platelet resembles a mono-plate. However, in a digested platelet, guanine nano-beams that form triangular array networks are discovered by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in the guanine platelets of two fish species. It is found for the first time that the nano-beams have widths of 30 nm–50 nm and sheets cover the internal gratings. The newly found internal grating structures of the biogenic guanine platelet may provide further information on the optical property of the reflection in living creatures.
Animal welfare and biosecurity assessment: a comparison between Italian and Irish beef cattle rearing systems
Authors: Fusi Francesca , Lorenzi Valentina , Franceschini Giorgio , Compiani Riccardo , Harper Valeria , Ginestreti Jessica , Ferrara Giandomenico , Sgoifo Rossi Carlo Angelo , Bertocchi Luigi
Published: September 2020

Context European beef production is facing fresh challenges on various fronts: increasing public concern on animal welfare; declining EU meat consumption; and, conversely, expected growth in global demand for meat. The Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare (CReNBA) has developed an assessment protocol for collecting information about beef cattle welfare and biosecurity conditions, with the intention of better understanding animal needs and disseminating best practices. Aims The protocol was applied on Italian and Irish farms, and the results were used as a starting point for a specific statistical analysis for comparing animal welfare and biosecurity levels in the two countries. Methods The protocol consists of animal-based measures and non-animal-based measures (management-based and resource-based indicators) and has been designed to determine the major hazards and benefits that can influence cattle health and welfare, including the presence of biosecurity issues. The outcomes of welfare and biosecurity assessments conducted during November 2016–July 2017 of 40 Irish beef herds reared indoors were compared with those of 85 Italian beef units assessed over the same period. Differences obtained within each beef-unit distribution were calculated by the VARNC index (diversity index), and a distance estimate of the beef-unit distribution from a hypothetical ideal condition was calculated by using the distance from ideal (dfi) index. Key results The dfi index revealed that Irish farms were closer to the ideal condition for the measures ‘experience and training of stockpersons’, ‘water provision’, ‘handling facilities’, ‘restraint facilities’, and ‘temperature, humidity and ventilations conditions’. Italian farms were closer to the ideal condition for ‘diet calculation and feed quality’, ‘feeding management’, ‘feeding place dimension’, ‘cleanliness of water points’, ‘cleanliness of floors’, ‘type of floors’, ‘cleanliness of animals’, and ‘integument alterations’. In contrast to the Italian farms, there was particular awareness of the importance of biosecurity on Irish farms. Conclusions The results revealed intrinsic management and housing differences between the two rearing systems, although only few dissimilarities were found in the animal outcomes: in fact, the assessment of the animal-based measures gave very similar results for the two countries, except for ‘cleanliness of the animals’ and ‘integument alterations’. Implications In the face of global challenges affecting the pursuit of farming sustainability, farmers should be encouraged to improve safeguards for animal welfare and reduce the spread of animal diseases. This can be achieved by facilitating knowledge exchange internationally.
Silicon photonic transceivers for application in data centers
Authors: Wang Haomiao , Chai Hongyu , Lv Zunren , Zhang Zhongkai , Meng Lei , Yang Xiaoguang , Yang Tao
Published: September 2020

Global data traffic is growing rapidly, and the demand for optoelectronic transceivers applied in data centers (DCs) is also increasing correspondingly. In this review, we first briefly introduce the development of optoelectronics transceivers in DCs, as well as the advantages of silicon photonic chips fabricated by complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. We also summarize the research on the main components in silicon photonic transceivers. In particular, quantum dot lasers have shown great potential as light sources for silicon photonic integration—whether to adopt bonding method or monolithic integration—thanks to their unique advantages over the conventional quantum-well counterparts. Some of the solutions for high-speed optical interconnection in DCs are then discussed. Among them, wavelength division multiplexing and four-level pulse-amplitude modulation have been widely studied and applied. At present, the application of coherent optical communication technology has moved from the backbone network, to the metro network, and then to DCs.
Nanoflower ZnO thin-film grown by hydrothermal technique based Schottky diode
Authors: Ali Ghusoon M. , Khalid Ahmed K. , Swadi Salah M.
Published: September 2020

This paper reports the realization of planar Schottky diodes based on nanorod ZnO thin film. The nanorod ZnO thin film was fabricated by hydrothermal technique on boron doped p-type Si (100) substrate. The Ag//ZnO/Al planar diode operating with voltage bias from –3 to 3 V. The I–V characteristics clearly indicate that the devices have rectifying performance. The thermionic emission theory governs the current across the studied Schottky diode. The device achieved a turn-on voltage of 0.9 V, barrier height 0.69 eV and saturation current of 1.2 × 10–6 A. The diode shows a very large ideality factor (n > > 2) which is attributed to high interface trap concentration. The surface topology was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structural properties of the nanostructured ZnO thin film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM images reveal that the ZnO nanorods grow perpendicular to the substrate with uniformity and high density. The XRD pattern illustrates the dominant peak appearing at (002). This intense peak indicates the c-axis orientated phase of the wurtzite ZnO structure. It demonstrates that the crystals grow uniformly perpendicular to the substrate surface in good agreement with the SEM images.
EEG-based detection of mental workload level and stress: the effect of variation in each state on classification of the other
Authors: Bagheri Mahsa , Power Sarah D
Published: September 2020

Objective. A passive brain-computer interface (pBCI) is a system that continuously adapts human-computer interaction to the user’s state. Key to the efficacy of such a system is the reliable estimation of the user’s state via neural signals, acquired through non-invasive methods like electroencephalography (EEG) or near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Many studies to date have explored the detection of mental workload in particular, usually for the purpose of improving safety in high risk work environments. In these studies, mental workload is generally modulated through the manipulation of task difficulty, and no other aspect of the user’s state is taken into account. In real-life scenarios, however, different aspects of the user’s state are likely to be changing simultaneously—for example, their cognitive state (e.g. level of mental workload) and affective state (e.g. level of stress/anxiety). This inevitable confounding of different states needs to be accounted for in the development of state detection algorithms in order for them to remain effective when taken outside the lab. Approach. In this study we focussed on two different states that are of particular importance in high risk work environments, specifically mental workload and stress, and explored the effect of each on the ability to detect the other using EEG signals. We developed an experimental protocol in which participants performed a cognitive task under two different levels of workload (low workload and high workload) and at two levels of stress (relaxed and stressed) and then used a linear discriminant classifier to perform classification of workload level and stress level independently. Main results. We found that the detection of both mental workload level (e.g. low workload vs. high workload) and stress level (e.g. stressed vs. relaxed) were significantly diminished if the training and test data came from different as opposed to the same level of the other state (e.g. for mental workload classification, training on data from a relaxed condition and testing on data from a stressed condition, rather than both training and testing on the relaxed condition). The reduction in classification accuracy observed was as much as 15%. Significance. The results of this study indicate the importance of considering multiple aspects of a user’s state when developing detection algorithms for pBCI technologies.
Diagnosis of major depressive disorder using whole-brain effective connectivity networks derived from resting-state functional MRI
Authors: Guo Man , Wang Tiancheng , Zhang Zhe , Chen Nan , Li Yongchao , Wang Yin , Yao Zhijun , Hu Bin
Published: September 2020

Objective. It is important to improve identification accuracy for possible early intervention of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recently, effective connectivity (EC), defined as the directed influence of spatially distant brain regions on each other, has been used to find the dysfunctional organization of brain networks in MDD. However, little is known about the ability of whole-brain resting-state EC features in identification of MDD. Here, we employed EC by whole-brain analysis to perform MDD diagnosis. Approach. In this study, we proposed a high-order EC network capturing high-level relationship among multiple brain regions to discriminate 57 patients with MDD from 60 normal controls (NC). In high-order EC networks and traditional low-order EC networks, we utilized the network properties and connection strength for classification. Meanwhile, the support vector machine (SVM) was employed for model training. Generalization of the results was supported by 10-fold cross-validation. Main results. The classification results showed that the high-order EC network performed better than the low-order EC network in diagnosing MDD, and the integration of these two networks yielded the best classification precision with 95% accuracy, 98.83% sensitivity, and 91% specificity. Furthermore, we found that the abnormal connections of high-order EC in MDD patients involved multiple widely concerned functional subnets, particularly the default mode network and the cerebellar network. Significance. The current study indicates whole-brain EC networks, measured by our high-order method, may be promising biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of MDD, and the complementary between high-order and low-order EC will better guide patients to get early interventions as well as treatments.
Single-layer Mo5Te8 ― A new polymorph of layered transition-metal chalcogenide
Authors: Zhang Junqiu , Xia Yipu , Wang Bo , Jin Yuanjun , Tian Hao , Ho Wing kin , Xu Hu , Jin Chuanhong , Xie Maohai
Published: September 2020

Single-layer (SL) transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) represent an important family of two-dimensional (2D) materials that have attracted intensive research attention recently. It has been established that many TMCs are polymorphic that can exist in different crystal structures and correspondingly exhibit diverse physical properties. Discovery of new structural phases of a crystal is of great scientific and practical importance. In this work, we report a new polymorph of SL-TMC, i.e. SL-Mo5Te8, attained by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Like the 1H-MoTe2, it possesses the hexagonal symmetry but a much larger unit cell with a basis containing as many as 39 atoms (15 Mo and 24 Te). We call it the variational hexagonal (v1H) phase. Coincidently, it may be viewed also as one containing the highest density possible of mirror-twin domain boundaries (MTBs) in an otherwise pristine 1H-MoTe2. Electronically, it is metallic and a comparison between theory and experiments of its density-of-states (DOS) at the Fermi level reveals features pointing to an importance of electron interactions that invites further investigations.
An investigation into the possibility to eliminate the microstructural defects of parts printed using a Ni-rich Ni-Ti elemental powder mixture
Authors: Khanlari Khashayar , Shi Qi , Li Kefeng , Xu Ping , Cao Peng , Liu Xin
Published: September 2020

Ni-rich Ni-Ti alloys, such as 60NiTi, show a higher hardness and dimensional stability than equiatomic or near-equiatomic NiTinol ones. These make them suitable to be employed in structural applications. Laser powder bed fusion technique (LPBF) was used in this research to print parts from a Ni-rich Ni-Ti powder mixture consisting of about 63 wt.% Ni and 37 wt.% Ti. The microstructure of the obtained parts, processed using different parameters, showed inhomogeneity, contained undesirable Ni-rich and Ti-rich regions and a significant amount of cracks. To eliminate these defects, homogenize the microstructure and to obtain the required phases, we applied hot isostatic pressing (HIP) to the printed samples with a selected set of parameters. After HIP at 180 MPa and 1050 °C for 4 h, we observed the formation of a homogeneous microstructure containing mainly NiTi and Ni3Ti phases in the printed samples. However, cracks still persisted in the microstructure of these HIP treated samples. Applying another round of HIP treatment at a temperature just slightly above the melting start temperature of the samples, treated by the elementary HIP procedure, could successfully eliminate the cracks in the microstructure of samples and also increase the crystallinity of the existing phases.
Photoelectric effect on an Al/SiO2/p-Si Schottky diode structure
Authors: Saloma E , Alcántara S , Hernández-Como N , Villanueva-Cab J , Chavez M , Pérez-Luna G , Alvarado J
Published: September 2020

A SiO2 of 200 nm thickness layer was grown via thermal oxidation to obtain an Al/SiO2/p-Si MIS Schottky diode structure with top contacts and different active areas. Electrical measurements of MIS Schottky diode structure allow to observe the photoelectric effect only in the device with higher active area, as well as to obtain some electrical parameters such as the barrier height, the ideality factor and the density of interface states, which correspond to 0.97 eV, 1.46 and 4.44 × 1010 eV−1 cm−2 respectively. Furthermore, a fill factor of 0.202 and power conversion efficiency less than 1%. On the other hand, Capacitance-Voltage (C–V) measurements depict a positive and negative capacitance peaks at low frequencies; this behavior and photoelectric effect are attributed to the density of interface states at SiO2/p-Si, as well as to the Space-Charge-Limited Conduction process in the insulation layer. Furthermore, the use of this kind of insulator can allows increasing the conversion efficiency if it is used as bottom n-layer or front contact in tandem solar cells and silicon heterojunction solar cells, respectively.
Beauty
Authors: McMahon Jennifer A.
Published: September 2020

Literary beauty was once understood as intertwining sensations and ideas, and thus as providing subjective and objective reasons for literary appreciation. However, as theory and philosophy developed, the inevitable claims and counterclaims led to the view that subjective experience was not a reliable guide to literary merit. Literary theory then replaced aesthetics as did philosophy’s focus on literary truth. Along with the demise of the relevance of sensations, literary form also took a back seat. This suggested to some that either literature communicated truth like any other literal form of communication or it was a mere diversion: a springboard to harmless reverie or daydreaming. Neither response satisfactorily captured what was distinctive about literature: the love readers can have for literary texts and the edification or insight claimed of works within each culture’s respective catalogue of classics. However, a concept of literary beauty has again become viable due to developments in theories of pleasure and imagination. If the defining aspect of literature is the imaginative engagement it occasions, and if this imagining is constrained by plausibility and endorsed as effective relative to our goals, ideals, and interests, then literature is not reduced to either mere fact or wish fulfillment. An account of literary beauty is available which defines literature accordingly and explains how subjective and objective reasons for appreciation intertwine to evoke pleasure and insight.