bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compressive Strength Evaluation of Cured Cement Mortar including Rubber, Foam, Plastic, and Paper Wastes as Partial Replacement with Sand
Authors: Elbialy Samy
Published: January 2023

Waste materials pollution has instigated a serious environmental problem for decades, therefore new initiatives have been taken around the world to recycle wastes into construction materials in recent years. This study applied the compressive strength as one of the key parameters to examine the characteristics of materials, it was conducted to investigate the efficiency of adding different waste materials to cement mortar mixture as partial replacement with sand. Crumbed rubber, expanded polystyrene (foam), shredded wastepaper, and shredded plastic bags were selected to examine the efficiency of adding them to cement mortar. These waste materials were mixed individually with cement, sand and water proportionally. The produced mixture of each waste materials was casted in standard cubes and cured in water for different ages 3, 7 and 28 days. The compressive strength of the cured cubes was tested, the results showed that over all tested ages, plastic-based mortar provided the lowest compressive strength variance values by -7.4, -6.7%, and -5.4% in comparison with tested reference mortar. Rubber-based mortar showed the highest variance by -58.5 % at 3 days, -58.3% after 7 days and -55.5 % after 28 days. Foam comes next to Plastic-based mortar then Paper-based mortar by -13.7 & -37 % after 3 days, -11.3 & -34 % after 7 days and -14 & -26 % after 28 days respectively. In comparison to ASTM C129, the results ranges supported the possibility of using cement mortar mixed with shredded plastic, foam and shredded wastepaper in producing non-loadbearing concrete masonry units.
PSCR impact assessment :
Authors: Bochert Monika , Leh Marc
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this executive summary is to provide key stakeholders with relevant information about how PSCR spent Public Safety Trust Funds and the impacts of that funding. Furthermore, this report seeks to demonstrate the value and positive outcomes of a one-time injection of funds into a topic area and the extent to which this model can be repeated in other areas of significant impact, such as semiconductor supply or climate change. PSCR extensively tracked its impacts since 2016, aligning them across five leading indicators: research capacity, disruptive approaches and technology, standards, products, and public safety methods. Furthermore, data from extramural award recipients, prize challenge competitors, and accelerator program participants have been included to provide a more holistic view of programmatic impact. However, only preliminary data is included in this executive summary and a more complete and comprehensive report with additional analysis is scheduled to be published in spring 2023.
Evaluation of Greenhouse and Field Performances of Depar F1 Tomato Varıety Grafted on Dıfferent Rootstocks
Authors: ÇİLİNGİR TÜTÜNCÜ Aslıhan , SAKA Andaç Kutay , AY Abdurrahman , ÖZBAKIR ÖZER Mehtap , ÖZER Harun
Published: January 2023

In this study, the effects of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum cv. Depar F1) seedlings grafted on three different rootstocks (Kudret, Hamarat, Pençe) on yield and some quality parameters of tomato plants grown in the greenhouse and open field were investigated. According to the results we obtained, while the plants grown in greenhouses grew up 42.3% faster than those grown in the open, an increase in yield was achieved by 265%. While TA and vitamin C values, among the fruit quality characteristics, came to the fore in the plants grown in the greenhouse, the fruit firmness values came to the fore in the tomatoes grown in the field. Kudreç rootstock came to the fore regarding yield and fruit quality characteristics. When the nutrient contents of the fruits were examined, the highest N, Ca and Mg were measured in greenhouse-grown tomatoes, while the highest O.M and Mn were measured in field plants. Hamarat rootstock has come to the fore in terms of fruit nutritional content. As a result, the importance of growing conditions for grafted plants to show their performance has been demonstrated again. However, it has been demonstrated for the first time that such successful results can be obtained, especially with organic plant nutrition methods.
Show me the data! Data sharing practices demonstrated in published research at the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Authors: Grynoch Tess , MacKenzie Kimberly
Published: January 2023

Objective: In the interest of making data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will institute a new Data Management and Sharing Policy in January 2023. This policy will require researchers applying for NIH funding to submit a Data Management and Sharing Plan. As 63% of grant dollars received by University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMass Chan) researchers comes from the NIH, we explored whether UMass Chan researchers are currently sharing data associated with their published research and how they shared their data. Methods: PubMed was searched for articles published in 2019 with a UMass Chan researcher as either the first or last author. These articles were examined for evidence of original or reused data, the type of data, whether the article stated that data was available, and where and how to find that data. Results: Of the 361 articles with original data, 26% had a data availability statement. However, most articles (71%) did not mention where data could be accessed. The data storage location of the estimated 1551 original datasets was similarly not mentioned for 74% the datasets with the next largest category being available upon request (8.6%). Genomic data repositories such as the Gene Expression Omnibus were among the top repositories used by authors. Similar areas for improvement were noted for permanent identifier use (46% had a permanent identifier), using non-proprietary file formats (most popular format was Excel), and citing reused data. Authors who published open access were more likely to share their data. Conclusions: While some researchers at UMass Chan have embraced data sharing, particularly genomic data sharing, we expect there will be more data shared in the coming years with the implementation of the new NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy.
The SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein Orf3a is not an ion channel, but does interact with trafficking proteins
Authors: Miller Alexandria N , Houlihan Patrick R , Matamala Ella , Cabezas-Bratesco Deny , Lee Gi Young , Cristofori-Armstrong Ben , Dilan Tanya L , Sanchez-Martinez Silvia , Matthies Doreen , Yan Rui , Yu Zhiheng , Ren Dejian , Brauchi Sebastian E , Clapham David E
Published: January 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV-1 accessory protein Orf3a colocalizes with markers of the plasma membrane, endocytic pathway, and Golgi apparatus. Some reports have led to annotation of both Orf3a proteins as viroporins. Here, we show that neither SARS-CoV-2 nor SARS-CoV-1 Orf3a form functional ion conducting pores and that the conductances measured are common contaminants in overexpression and with high levels of protein in reconstitution studies. Cryo-EM structures of both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 Orf3a display a narrow constriction and the presence of a positively charged aqueous vestibule, which would not favor cation permeation. We observe enrichment of the late endosomal marker Rab7 upon SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a overexpression, and co-immunoprecipitation with VPS39. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-1 Orf3a does not cause the same cellular phenotype as SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a and does not interact with VPS39. To explain this difference, we find that a divergent, unstructured loop of SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a facilitates its binding with VPS39, a HOPS complex tethering protein involved in late endosome and autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. We suggest that the added loop enhances SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a’s ability to co-opt host cellular trafficking mechanisms for viral exit or host immune evasion.
The locus coeruleus broadcasts prediction errors across the cortex to promote sensorimotor plasticity
Authors: Jordan Rebecca , Keller Georg B
Published: January 2023

Prediction errors are differences between expected and actual sensory input and are thought to be key computational signals that drive learning related plasticity. One way that prediction errors could drive learning is by activating neuromodulatory systems to gate plasticity. The catecholaminergic locus coeruleus (LC) is a major neuromodulatory system involved in neuronal plasticity in the cortex. Using two-photon calcium imaging in mice exploring a virtual environment, we found that the activity of LC axons in the cortex correlated with the magnitude of unsigned visuomotor prediction errors. LC response profiles were similar in both motor and visual cortical areas, indicating that LC axons broadcast prediction errors throughout the dorsal cortex. While imaging calcium activity in layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex, we found that optogenetic stimulation of LC axons facilitated learning of a stimulus-specific suppression of visual responses during locomotion. This plasticity – induced by minutes of LC stimulation – recapitulated the effect of visuomotor learning on a scale that is normally observed during visuomotor development across days. We conclude that prediction errors drive LC activity, and that LC activity facilitates sensorimotor plasticity in the cortex, consistent with a role in modulating learning rates.
Evidence of validity and reliability of Jumpo 2 and MyJump 2 for estimating vertical jump variables
Authors: Vieira Amilton , Ribeiro Gabriela L. , Macedo Victor , de Araújo Rocha Junior Valdinar , Baptista Roberto de Souza , Gonçalves Carlos , Cunha Rafael , Tufano James
Published: January 2023

Background

We investigated the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Jumpo 2 and MyJump 2 apps for estimating jump height, and the mean values of force, velocity, and power produced during countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ).

Methods

Physically active university aged men (n = 10, 20 ± 3 years, 176 ± 6 cm, 68 ± 9 kg) jumped on a force plate (i.e., criterion) while being recorded by a smartphone slow-motion camera. The videos were analyzed using Jumpo 2 and MyJump 2 using a Samsung Galaxy S7 powered by the Android system. Validity and reliability were determined by regression analysis, typical error of estimates and measurements, and intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

Both apps provided a reliable estimate of jump height and the mean values of force, velocity, and power. Furthermore, estimates of jump height for CMJ and SJ and the mean force of the CMJ were valid. However, the apps presented impractical or poor validity correlations for velocity and power. Compared with criterion, the apps underestimated the velocity of the CMJ.

Conclusions

Therefore, Jumpo 2 and MyJump 2 both provide a valid measure of jump height, but the remaining variables provided by these apps must be viewed with caution since the validity of force depends on jump type, while velocity (and as consequence power) could not be well estimated from the apps.
Decreased S100A9 expression alleviates Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells
Authors: Li Jie , Huang Xiaoyu , Xie Kaihui , Zhang Juanli , Yang Jiaojiao , Yan Zunqiang , Gun Shuangbao
Published: January 2023

Background

S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) is a commonly known pro-inflammatory factor involved in various inflammatory responses. Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens ) type C is known to cause diarrhea in piglets. However, the role of S100A9 in C. perfringens type C-induced infectious diarrhea is unclear.

Methods

Here, the S100A9 gene was overexpressed and knocked down in the IPEC-J2 cells, which were treated with C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin. The role of S100A9 in CPB2 toxin-induced injury in IPEC-J2 cells was assessed by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cell proliferation, and tight junction-related proteins.

Results

The results showed elevated expression of S100A9 in diarrhea-affected piglet tissues, and the elevation of S100A9 expression after CPB2 toxin treatment of IPEC-J2 was time-dependent. In CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, overexpression of S100A9 had the following effects: the relative expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL8, TNF-α, and IL-1β was increased; the ROS levels and LDH viability were significantly increased; cell viability and proliferation were inhibited; the G0/G1 phase cell ratio was significantly increased. Furthermore, overexpression of S100A9 reduced the expression of tight junction proteins in CPB2-induced IPEC-J2 cells. The knockdown of S100A9 had an inverse effect. In conclusion, our results confirmed that S100A9 exacerbated inflammatory injury in CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, inhibited cell viability and cell proliferation, and disrupted the tight junctions between cells. Thus, decreased S100A9 expression alleviates CPB2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells.
Frecuencia y relevancia del desplazamiento del pico tonal en el primer acento del español
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna, Dorta Luis Josefa , Trujillo Carolina Jorge ,   Universidad de La Laguna
Published: January 2023

Con este trabajo nos proponemos analizar el comportamiento del pico máximo inicial (PMx1) en las declarativas e interrogativas del español. Estudios precedentes han puesto de manifiesto que este primer pico presenta en ocasiones una doble tendencia, pues coincide con el acento léxico o se alinea con las fronteras sintagmáticas. En este último caso, se produce el conocido fenómeno del desplazamiento tonal u overshooting. Así pues, el objetivo que nos planteamos es estudiar las pautas que sigue el desplazamiento desde un punto de vista doble: en primer lugar, confrontar un corpus de habla formal y otro semiespontáneo para determinar la influencia de la variación diafásica en este fenómeno; en segundo lugar, mediante la comparación entre distintas variedades diatópicas, comprobar si el PMx1 actúa como índice diferenciador entre ellas o, por el contrario, las aproxima entre sí. Para ello, se ha analizado la frecuencia fundamental (F0) de emisiones declarativas e interrogativas SVO que combinan los acentos agudo, llano y esdrújulo en sus extremos, extraídas de un corpus ad hoc o formal y de otro obtenido con la técnica Map task. Estas frases fueron emitidas por 34 mujeres y hombres de procedencia urbana y sin estudios superiores, representativos de las cuatro variedades del español a las que se adscriben: canario, cubano, venezolano y texano. Se ha tomado como referencia el umbral psicoacústico de 1,5 St (Rietveld y Gussenhoven, 1985; Pamies y otros, 2002) para establecer qué movimientos de F0 son significativos desde el punto de vista perceptivo, y se ha etiquetado el acento tonal inicial en el marco del modelo AM, a partir de los planteamientos propuestos en Dorta y Díaz (2018).
El Rol del Humor en la Praxis de la Psicoterapia: Perspectiva desde el Psicoterapeuta Constructivista Cognitivo
Authors:   Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Muñoz Magaly , Duarte Javiera ,   Centro de Estudios en Psicología Clínica y Psicoterapia-Universidad Diego Portales
Published: January 2023

El humor en la psicología ha generado abundante literatura, destacando su potencial beneficio en la salud mental. Sin embargo, en Chile existe poca investigación teórico-empírica sobre este fenómeno en la práctica psicoterapéutica. Este artículo se enmarca en el estudio de la utilización del humor por parte de terapeutas constructivistas cognitivos, cuyo objetivo fue identificar, describir y analizar las funciones del humor y sus efectos en el proceso psicoterapéutico con pacientes adultos. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa de tipo descriptiva. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 terapeutas, siete mujeres y cinco hombres, entre ocho y treinta y nueve años de experiencia clínica en psicoterapia. Para el análisis, se utilizó la Teoría Fundamentada, a través de codificación abierta y axial. Los resultados señalan que no existe una única forma de entender el humor en la psicoterapia, existen condiciones esenciales para el uso del humor en terapia, existen propósitos específicos para su utilización y que su presencia generaría efectos en el terapeuta, el paciente y la relación terapéutica. Se formula una propuesta comprensiva de los procesos y relaciones entre los diferentes elementos resultantes de esta investigación, desde el punto de vista del terapeuta constructivista cognitivo. Se considera el humor como parte constitutiva de los seres humanos y que, bajo condiciones esenciales, puede ser incorporado en la psicoterapia como un mecanismo de cambio en los sistemas de significación de la experiencia del sujeto, lo que permite contribuir al progreso de la disciplina.
A influência das dimensões de governança regional no investimento de ativos intangíveis das empresas brasileiras: uma análise em nível de país
Authors: Barbosa Ismael , Carvalho Diego Batista Silva , Pereira Vinícius Silva , Penedo Antonio Sergio Torres , Carvalho Luciana
Published: January 2023

O trabalho busca identificar a relação entre intangibilidade e as dimensões de governança medida por controle de corrupção e o estado de direito das empresas brasileiras listadas na B3. Para tanto, foram estimados os modelos de regressão de dados em painel para 183 empresas não financeiras, no período de 2011 a 2019, por meio da base de dados Economática. Os resultados apontam que tanto o controle de corrupção quanto o estado de direito impactam positivamente no grau de intangibilidade das empresas. Esse resultado sugere que um maior controle da corrupção influencia positivamente o grau de intangibilidade das empresas. Conclui se também que a variável regionalidade não apresentou significância neste estudo, não é possível inferir que as empresas situadas no Triangulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba teriam mais acesso a inovar e que teriam um melhor resultado em relação ao grau de intangibilidade.
Primary Oral Tuberculosis Imitating Malignancy- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Saluja Pulin , Dave Aparna , Arora Manpreet , Singhal Ishita
Published: January 2023

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is an ancient disease causing major morbidity and mortality worldwide. Though tuberculosis affects lungs in the majority of the cases but can affect other organs including the oral cavity as a primary site. Oral lesions can be seen in both primary and secondary forms of tuberculosis. The present article reports a case of a primary oral tubercular ulcer of buccal mucosa in a 36-year-old female, which based on clinical features was provisionally diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The diagnosis of oral tuberculosis was confirmed by histopathology, blood and immunological investigations. The patient then was kept on Antitubercular Therapy (ATT) and the lesion showed healing markedly. Thus, oral tubercular lesions are rare and are difficult to diagnose, so every chronic, abnormal looking lesion should be examined cautiously for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Streaming Data Processing
Authors: Lemzin Alexander
Published: January 2023

Aims: The data which is continuously being produced by hundreds of thousands of data sources is recognized as streamed data. The data which is processed via this kind of source is relatively smaller in size and is being sent at the same time it is generated.

Study Design:  In streaming data, the data range is so wide like the telemetry from interconnected devices or other such forms of data with the inclusion of certain web applications. This information should be handled consecutively and steadily on a record-by-record premise or throughout sliding time windows and utilized for a wide assortment of examinations including relationships, totals, separating, and inspecting.

Place and Duration of Study: Service usage (for metering and billing), server activity, website clicks, and the geo-location of devices, people, and physical goods are just a few of the many aspects of a company's business and customer activity that can be seen through this type of analysis. It also enables companies to respond quickly to new arising situations.

Methodology: The research methodology is used for the current research work is the qualitative method through which the research studies of a similar domain are studied thoroughly. It has been analyzed that the specified changes in the large volumes of data can better be managed through stream data processing.

Results: The flaws of batch data processing are better dealt with through the usage of streaming data processing agenda. Real-time monitoring as well as response functionality are the keys to success in the given method of data processing.

Conclusion: Stream data processing connects analytics and applications. Because multiple systems can be constructed using the same architecture, this makes the construction of the infrastructure a similar architecture. It additionally allows designers to fabricate applications that utilize scientific outcomes to straightforwardly answer information experiences and make a move.
Association Between Race and Receipt of Home- and Community-Based Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer S. , Kumar Amit , Falvey Jason R.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Non-Hispanic Black (hereafter Black) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience worse long-term outcomes and residual disability compared with non-Hispanic White (hereafter White) patients. Receipt of appropriate rehabilitation can improve function among older adults after TBI.

Objective

To assess the association between race and receipt of home- and community-based rehabilitation among a nationally representative sample of older Medicare beneficiaries with TBI.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed a random sample of Medicare administrative claims data for community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of TBI and discharged alive to a nonhospice setting from 2010 through 2018. Claims data for Medicare beneficiaries of other races and ethnicities were excluded due to the small sample sizes within each category. Data were analyzed January 21 to August 30, 2022.

Exposures

Black or White race.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Monthly use rates of home-based or outpatient rehabilitation were calculated over the 6 months after discharge from the hospital. The denominator for rate calculations accounted for variation in length of hospital and rehabilitation facility stays and loss to follow-up due to death. Rates over time were modeled using generalized estimating equations, controlling for TBI acuity, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and socioeconomic factors.

Results

Among 19 026 Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 81.6 [8.1] years; 10 781 women [56.7%]; and 994 Black beneficiaries [5.2%] and 18 032 White beneficiaries [94.8%]), receipt of 1 or more home health rehabilitation visits did not differ by race (Black vs White, 47.4% vs 46.2%; P = .46), but Black beneficiaries were less likely to receive 1 or more outpatient rehabilitation visits compared with White beneficiaries (3.4% vs 7.1%; P < .001). In fully adjusted regression models, Black beneficiaries received less outpatient therapy over the 6 months after TBI (rate ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.93). However, Black beneficiaries received more home health rehabilitation therapy over the 6 months after TBI than White beneficiaries (rate ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found relative shifts in rehabilitation use, with markedly lower outpatient therapy use and modestly higher home health care use among Black patients compared with White patients with TBI. These disparities may contribute to reduced functional recovery and residual disability among racial and ethnic minority groups. Additional studies are needed to assess the association between the amount of outpatient rehabilitation care and functional recovery after TBI in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
F‐actin determines the time‐dependent shift in docking dynamics of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 granules upon stimulation of secretion
Authors: Harada Kazuki , Takashima Maoko , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Tsuboi Takashi
Published: January 2023

Although exocytosis can be categorized into several forms based on docking dynamics, temporal regulatory mechanisms of the exocytotic forms are unclear. We explored the dynamics of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) exocytosis in murine GLUTag cells (GLP‐1‐secreting enteroendocrine L‐cells) upon stimulation with deoxycholic acid (DCA) or high K+ to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the balance between the different types of exocytotic forms (pre‐docked with the plasma membrane before stimulation; docked after stimulation and subsequently fused; or rapidly recruited and fused after stimulation, without stable docking). GLP‐1 exocytosis showed a biphasic pattern, and we found that most exocytosis was from the pre‐docked granules with the plasma membrane before stimulation, or granules rapidly fused to the plasma membrane without docking after stimulation. In contrast, granules docked with the plasma membrane after stimuli and eventually fused were predominant thereafter. Inhibition of actin polymerization suppressed exocytosis of the pre‐docked granules. These results suggest that the docking dynamics of GLP‐1 granules shows a time‐dependent biphasic shift, which is determined by interaction with F‐actin.
An Extremely Stable, Highly Soluble Monosubstituted Anthraquinone for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Amini Kiana , Kerr Emily F. , George Thomas Y. , Alfaraidi Abdulrahman M. , Jing Yan , Tsukamoto Tatsuhiro , Gordon Roy G. , Aziz Michael J.
Published: January 2023

An extremely stable, energy‐dense (53.6 Ah L−1, 2 m transferrable electrons), low crossover (permeability of <1 × 10−13 cm2 s−1 using Nafion 212 (Nafion is a trademark polymer from DuPont)), and potentially inexpensive anthraquinone with 2‐2‐propionate ether anthraquinone structure (abbreviated 2‐2PEAQ) is synthesized and extensively evaluated under practically relevant conditions for use in the negolyte of an aqueous redox flow battery. 2‐2PEAQ shows a high stability with a fade rate of 0.03–0.05% per day at different applied current densities, cut‐off voltage windows, and concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 m) in both a full cell paired with a ferro/ferricyanide posolyte as well as a symmetric cell. 2‐2PEAQ is further shown to have extreme long‐term stability, losing only ≈0.01% per day when an electrochemical rejuvenation strategy is employed. From post‐mortem analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV)) two degradation mechanisms are deduced: side chain loss and anthrone formation. 2‐2PEAQ with the ether linkages attached on carbons non‐adjacent to the central ring is found to have three times lower fade rate compared to its isomer with ether linkages on the carbon adjacent to the central quinone ring. The present study introduces a viable negolyte candidate for grid‐scale aqueous organic redox flow batteries.
Upcycling of Waste Plastic into Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Wyss Kevin M. , Li John T. , Advincula Paul A. , Bets Ksenia V. , Chen Weiyin , Eddy Lucas , Silva Karla J. , Beckham Jacob L. , Chen Jinhang , Meng Wei , Deng Bing , Nagarajaiah Satish , Yakobson Boris I. , Tour James M.
Published: January 2023

Graphitic 1D and hybrid nanomaterials represent a powerful solution in composite and electronic applications due to exceptional properties, but large‐scale synthesis of hybrid materials has yet to be realized. Here, a rapid, scalable method to produce graphitic 1D materials from polymers using flash Joule heating (FJH) is reported. This avoids lengthy chemical vapor deposition and uses no solvent or water. The flash 1D materials (F1DM), synthesized using a variety of earth‐abundant catalysts, have controllable diameters and morphologies by parameter tuning. Furthermore, the process can be modified to form hybrid materials, with F1DM bonded to turbostratic graphene. In nanocomposites, F1DM outperform commercially available carbon nanotubes. Compared to current 1D material synthetic strategies using life cycle assessment, FJH synthesis represents an 86–92% decrease in cumulative energy demand and 92–94% decrease in global‐warming potential. This work suggests that FJH affords a cost‐effective and sustainable route to upcycle waste plastic into valuable 1D and hybrid nanomaterials.
Unprecedented Regioselective Deuterium‐Incorporation of Alkyltrimethylammonium Chlorides and Raman Analysis
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Matsuda Takumi , Moriyama Shogo , Ban Kazuho , Fujioka Hiroyoshi , Kamiya Mako , Shou Jingwen , Ozeki Yasuyuki , Akai Shuji , Sajiki Hironao
Published: January 2023

Alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides (ATACs) are widely utilized as cationic surfactants in various scientific fields. Furthermore, deuterium‐incorporated compounds can be powerful tools for elucidating the complicated morphologies of molecules with high molecular weights. Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), as a representative ATAC, underwent the regioselective multi‐deuteration of alkylamine moiety, except for α and β‐positions. Deuteration was performed under Pt/C and Ru/C‐catalyzed conditions in 2‐PrOH and D2O. The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) revealed the specific signals of multi‐deuterated DTAC in the silent region.
Metabolic demands and sexual dimorphism in human nasal morphology: A test of the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis
Authors: Kelly Alexa Pennavaria , Ocobock Cara , Butaric Lauren Nicole , Maddux Scott David
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Although ecogeographic variation in human nasal morphology is commonly attributed to climatic adaptation, recent research into the “respiratory‐energetics hypothesis” has suggested that metabolic demands for oxygen intake may influence overall nasal size. Here, we further test the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis and investigate potential interactions between metabolic and climatic pressures on human nasal morphology.

Materials and Methods

This study employed computed tomography (CT) scans of 79 mixed‐sex crania derived from an extreme cold‐dry locale (Point Hope, Alaska). In conjunction with basal metabolic rate (BMR, kcal/day) estimates derived from associated femoral head diameter measurements, 41 cranial three‐dimensional (3D) coordinate landmarks and 17 linear measurements were employed in multivariate analyses to test for associations between metabolic demands and nasal/facial morphology across and within the sexes.

Results

Overall nasal size was found to be significantly correlated with BMR both across and within the sexes, with higher metabolic demands predictably associated with larger noses. However, associations between BMR and overall nasal size were found to be predominantly driven by nasal passage height and length dimensions, with the Arctic sample exhibiting minimal (non‐dimorphic) variation in nasal passage breadths. Accordingly, significant correlations between BMR and 3D nasal shape were also identified.

Discussion

Our study provides additional support for the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis, while providing insights into potential metabolic and climatic constraints on specific nasal dimensions. In particular, our results suggest that climatic pressures on nasal passage breadths for heat/moisture transfers may necessitate compensatory changes in passage heights (and developmentally‐linked lengths) to maintain sufficient air intake to meet metabolic requirements.
Nanodiamond‐promoted white light emission in Eu, Dy, and Cu‐containing phosphate glass: quantitative analysis and colorimetric study
Authors: Sendova Mariana , Jiménez José A.
Published: January 2023

A thorough analysis of glass containing Eu2O3 and Dy2O3, or Eu2O3, Dy2O3, and CuO melted together with nanodiamond powder was pursued based on measurements of optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL) emission and excitation spectra, and colorimetry. Nanodiamond facilitated the stabilization of Cu+ and Eu2+ ions with blue‐emitting characteristics that, along with yellow‐emitting Dy3+ and red‐emitting Eu3+ led to the white light‐emitting glass. Novel intensity notations implemented in intensity‐based spectral ratios, and difference intensity correlation analysis were proposed for the assessment of PL properties. The chromaticity and correlated colour temperature of the emission were ultimately investigated as a two‐parametric problem based on: (1) the different ionic components; and (2) the various excitation wavelengths employed. The optical analysis approach adds to the characterization methods to further fundamental understanding and provide helpful analytical tools for designing materials for tunable white light‐emitting devices.
Sustainable supply chain management practices, dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage: Evidence from Bangladesh ready‐made garments industry
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Hasib , Razzak Mohammad Rezaur , Rahman Azmawani Abd
Published: January 2023

The ready‐made garments (RMG) production industry in Bangladesh has achieved a major presence in the global fashion apparel supply chain particularly due to the competitive advantage (CA) primarily attributed to its' large pool of low cost labor. However, the competitiveness of this industry is under threat from other emerging economies that are rapidly becoming lower cost production sources. As a result the Bangladesh RMG sector is under pressure to find alternate sources of CA by introducing sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices along with improving the dynamic capabilities (DC) of the RMG manufacturers. However, the extant literature indicates that there is a dearth of sufficient empirical evidence on whether SSCM practices in combination with improvements in management and technological capabilities of such enterprises leads to gains in CA. In order to address the aforesaid gap, this study draws on the integration of the SSCM practices view and the DC view, to propose a set of relationships that posit that environmental, social, and economic sustainability measures of SSCM practices along with management and technological capabilities will have a significant influence on CA. The hypotheses are tested by applying structural equation modeling on a sample of 345 export‐oriented RMG manufacturers in Bangladesh. The findings indicate that influence of social sustainability, along with management and technological capabilities, on CA is positive and significant. While the relationship between environmental and economic sustainability and CA were not significant.
Emotional intelligence and boundary‐spanning behavior among door‐to‐door salespeople
Authors: Yi Ho‐Taek , Amenuvor Fortune Edem
Published: January 2023

This study examines the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on boundary‐spanning behavior, relationship quality, and performance among door‐to‐door salespeople. Data is collected from salespeople and customers of South Korean door‐to‐door cosmetics businesses and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that EI positively affects boundary‐spanning behavior. Similarly, boundary‐spanning behavior improves relationship quality, which improves both sales performance and customer satisfaction. This suggests that EI plays an important role in salespeople's boundary‐spanning behavior, thereby enhancing relationship quality, sales performance, and customer satisfaction. Unlike previous studies, this study makes use of actual sales volumes, salespeople's self‐reporting responses, and salespeople's customer‐reporting, which adds to the findings' uniqueness. The present study highlights that EI improves boundary‐spanning behavior, which is vital in developing relationship quality, improving sales performance, and increasing customer satisfaction. The study uses triadic data from door‐to‐door salespeople, customers, and sales organizations extensively, which is unusual in this field.
Reactivity of a Cationic Bismuth Amide towards Unsymmetric Heterocumulenes
Authors: Oberdorf Kai , Grenzer Patrick , Pfister Pauline , Hanft Anna , Rempel Anna , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: January 2023

The reactivity of a literature‐known, ring‐strained bismuth amide cation towards a range of unsymmetric heterocumulene substrates has been investigated. Reactions with ketenes R2C=C=O (R=Me, Ph), isocyanates R'N=C=O, and isothiocyanates R'N=C=S (R’=Ph, 4‐CF3‐C6H4) proceed via facile insertion of the heterocumulene in the Bi−N bond of the cationic bismuth amide. Unexpectedly pronounced differences in the regioselectivity of these insertion reactions have been observed, yielding a rich variety of heterocycle motifs (BiC2NC2, BiC2NCO, BiC2NCS, BiC2NCN), some of which are unprecedented. Parameters that control the regioselectivity of the insertion reactions have been identified and are discussed based on experimental and theoretical investigations. Analytical techniques applied in this work include heteronuclear and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
A comparison of population viability measures
Authors: Trouillier Mario , Meyer Katrin M. , Santini Luca , Pe'er Guy
Published: January 2023

The viability of populations can be quantified with several measures, such as the probability of extinction, the mean time to extinction, or the population size. While conservation management decisions can be based on these measures, it has not yet been explored systematically if different viability measures rank species and scenarios similarly and if one viability measure can be converted into another to compare studies. To address this challenge, we conducted a quantitative comparison of eight viability measures based on the simulated population dynamics of more than 4500 virtual species. We compared (a) the ranking of scenarios based on different viability measures, (b) assessed direct correlations between the measures, and (c) explored if parameters in the simulation models can alter the relationship between pairs of viability measures. We found that viability measures ranked species similarly. Despite this, direct correlations between the different measures were often weak and could not be generalized. This can be explained by the loss of information due to the aggregation of raw data into a single number, the effect of model parameters on the relationship between viability measures, and because distributions, such as the probability of extinction over time, cannot be ranked objectively. Similar scenario rankings by different viability measures show that the choice of the viability metric does in many cases not alter which population is regarded more viable or which management option is the best. However, the more two scenarios or populations differ, the more likely it becomes that different measures produce different rankings. We thus recommend that PVA studies publish raw simulation data, which not only describes all risks and opportunities to the reader but also facilitates meta‐analyses of PVA studies.
The Hierarchical Structures of Co3S4 Hollow Nanotube Arrays Wrapped with NiCo‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Lei Hao , Gao Rongxin , Li Weilong , He Mi , Ren Zhaoyu
Published: January 2023

Cobalt‐based sulfide is an excellent electrode material applied to supercapacitors (SCs) because of its good reversibility and abundant nanoforms. However, the feasibility of its practical application is reduced due to lack of stability and some difference with theoretical capacity. Herein, the hierarchical structures of Co3S4 hollow nanotube arrays wrapped with NiCo‐layered double hydroxide nanosheets (Co3S4@NiCo‐LDHs) are successfully fabricated on the nickel foam (NF) as the nonbinder electrode of SCs. Profiting from the synthetic effect of Co3S4 hollow nanotube arrays with effective diffusion channels, and NiCo‐LDH nanosheets with a stable interconnected network, the prepared Co3S4@NiCo‐LDH/NF composite electrode with a unique hierarchical structure attains an amazing areal capacity (7.45 C cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2) and impressive cycle stability (87.7% through 5000 charge and discharge cycles). In addition, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (Co3S4@NiCo‐LDH/NF//AC) shows pleasant energy density (0.661 mWh cm−2 under 1.359 mW cm−2). The capacity of the assembled device can still be retained at 92% after 5000 cycles, which verifies the feasibility of the device in practical application.
Targeted activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway by Corynoline alleviates osteoporosis development
Authors: Xu Tian‐hao , Lin Bing‐hao , Huang Cheng‐bin , Sun Jing‐yu , Tan Kai , Ma Run‐xun , Huang Yi‐xun , Weng She‐ji , Fang Wen‐lai , Chen Wei‐kai , Bai Bing‐li
Published: January 2023

Oxidative stress is preferentially treated as a risk factor for the development and progression of osteoporosis. Corynoline as a component of Corydalis bungeana Turcz presents antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, the effects of Corynoline on osteoblasts following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced injury were evaluated accompanied by the investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved. It was found that Corynoline downregulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and restored the osteogenic potential of the disrupted osteoblasts by H2O2 exposure. Furthermore, Corynoline was revealed to activate the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway, while ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) would prevent the Corynoline‐mediated positive effects on the disrupted osteoblasts. In terms of the animal experiments, Corynoline treatment contributed to a significantly alleviated bone loss. These findings indicate that Corynoline may significantly attenuate the H2O2‐induced oxidative damage of osteoblasts via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway, providing novel insights to the development of treatments for osteoporosis induced by oxidative injury.
Do elections make you sick? Evidence from first‐time voters
Authors: Chang Hung‐Hao , Meyerhoefer Chad D.
Published: January 2023

Elections permit the continuance of democracy and enable economic development, but may have unintended effects on health. By applying a two‐part model with regression discontinuity design to administrative health care claims, we determine that elections increased health care use during legally specified campaign periods by as much as 19% for first‐time voters. Contrary to earlier studies focusing on mental health, we find higher spending on the treatment of physical health conditions, such as acute respiratory infections, gastrointestinal conditions and injuries. Levels of medical spending during campaign periods were highest in rural areas and among low‐to‐middle‐income men. Using data on campaign spending from local elections, we identify campaign rallies as one important mechanism for the transmission of disease. Our findings provide additional rationale for policies that limit campaign spending on the grounds that it is socially wasteful.
A novel strategy to optimize critical information on over the counter labels for older adults
Authors: Becker Mark W. , Kashy Deborah A. , Harben Alyssa , Venkatesan Krishnaa , Rodriguez Andrew , Kebede Matt , Martin Beth , Breslow Robert , Bix Laura
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Labels designed to communicate critical information are paramount for the safe and effective use of over‐the‐counter medications; in recognition of this, the content and formatting of over the counter (OTC) labels sold in interstate commerce has been regulated for decades. Yet, available studies suggest that consumers frequently rely on limited information during decision making, failing to access the information required in the Drug Facts Label. This is particularly important for older consumers, who are at greater risk for adverse reactions to medicines. In two experiments we objectively evaluate how novel label designs that employ highlighting and a warning label placed on the package's front impact older consumers' attention to, and use of, critical information.

Methods

In Experiment 1, 68 OTC patients (65+) engaged with a computer‐based task answering yes/no scenario‐based questions about a drug's appropriateness. In Experiment 2, 63 OTC patients (65+) conducted a forced‐choice task where one of two drugs presented on a computer screen was appropriate for a provided scenario while the other was not. Both tasks required participants to access and use critical label information (i.e., warnings or active ingredients) to respond correctly. Dependent variables analyzed were the proportion of correct responses and time to correct response.

Results

Highlighting or placing critical information on the front of the package significantly improved response accuracy and time to correct response in Experiment 1 as compared to responses utilizing the standard label. For Experiment 2, participants were faster and more accurate when critical information was highlighted.

Conclusions

Results provide direct measures of the efficacy of novel labeling strategies. This information is relevant for regulations which dictate label design in ways that enhance ease and safety of use of medications for older adults.
A risk prediction model for head and neck cancers incorporating lifestyle factors, HPV serology and genetic markers
Authors: Budhathoki Sanjeev , Diergaarde Brenda , Liu Geoffrey , Olshan Andrew , Ness Andrew , Waterboer Tim , Virani Shama , Basta Patricia , Bender Noemi , Brenner Nicole , Dudding Tom , Hayes Neil , Hope Andrew , Huang Shao Hui , Hueniken Katrina , Kanterewicz Beatriz , McKay James D. , Pring Miranda , Thomas Steve , Wisniewski Kathy , Thomas Sera , Brhane Yonathan , Agudo Antonio , Alemany Laia , Lagiou Areti , Barzan Luigi , Canova Cristina , Conway David I. , Healy Claire M. , Holcatova Ivana , Lagiou Pagona , Macfarlane Gary J. , Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Polesel Jerry , Richiardi Lorenzo , Robinson Max , Znaor Ariana , Brennan Paul , Hung Rayjean J.
Published: January 2023

Head and neck cancer is often diagnosed late and prognosis for most head and neck cancer patients remains poor. To aid early detection, we developed a risk prediction model based on demographic and lifestyle risk factors, human papillomavirus (HPV) serological markers and genetic markers. A total of 10 126 head and neck cancer cases and 5254 controls from five North American and European studies were included. HPV serostatus was determined by antibodies for HPV16 early oncoproteins (E6, E7) and regulatory early proteins (E1, E2, E4). The data were split into a training set (70%) for model development and a hold‐out testing set (30%) for model performance evaluation, including discriminative ability and calibration. The risk models including demographic, lifestyle risk factors and polygenic risk score showed a reasonable predictive accuracy for head and neck cancer overall. A risk model that also included HPV serology showed substantially improved predictive accuracy for oropharyngeal cancer (AUC = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92‐0.95 in men and AUC = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88‐0.95 in women). The 5‐year absolute risk estimates showed distinct trajectories by risk factor profiles. Based on the UK Biobank cohort, the risks of developing oropharyngeal cancer among 60 years old and HPV16 seropositive in the next 5 years ranged from 5.8% to 14.9% with an average of 8.1% for men, 1.3% to 4.4% with an average of 2.2% for women. Absolute risk was generally higher among individuals with heavy smoking, heavy drinking, HPV seropositivity and those with higher polygenic risk score. These risk models may be helpful for identifying people at high risk of developing head and neck cancer.