bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leptospirosis among Returned Travelers: A GeoSentinel Site Survey and Multicenter Analysis—1997–2016
Authors: de Vries Sophia G. , Visser Benjamin J. , Stoney Rhett J. , Wagenaar Jiri F. P. , Bottieau Emmanuel , Chen Lin H. , Wilder-Smith Annelies , Wilson Mary , Rapp Christophe , Leder Karin , Caumes Eric , Schwartz Eli , Hynes Noreen A. , Goorhuis Abraham , Esposito Douglas H. , Hamer Davidson H. , Grobusch Martin P. , _ _
Published: May 2018

Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution and a broad range of clinical presentations and exposure risks. It typically affects vulnerable populations in (sub)tropical countries but is increasingly reported in travelers as well. Diagnostic methods are cumbersome and require further improvement. Here, we describe leptospirosis among travelers presenting to the GeoSentinel Global Surveillance Network. We performed a descriptive analysis of leptospirosis cases reported in GeoSentinel from January 1997 through December 2016. We included 180 travelers with leptospirosis (mostly male; 74%; mostly tourists; 81%). The most frequent region of infection was Southeast Asia (52%); the most common source countries were Thailand (N = 52), Costa Rica (N = 13), Indonesia, and Laos (N = 11 each). Fifty-nine percent were hospitalized; one fatality was reported. We also distributed a supplemental survey to GeoSentinel sites to assess clinical and diagnostic practices. Of 56 GeoSentinel sites, three-quarters responded to the survey. Leptospirosis was reported to have been most frequently considered in febrile travelers with hepatic and renal abnormalities and a history of freshwater exposure. Serology was the most commonly used diagnostic method, although convalescent samples were reported to have been collected infrequently. Within GeoSentinel, leptospirosis was diagnosed mostly among international tourists and caused serious illness. Clinical suspicion and diagnostic workup among surveyed GeoSentinel clinicians were mainly triggered by a classical presentation and exposure history, possibly resulting in underdiagnosis. Suboptimal usage of available diagnostic methods may have resulted in additional missed, or misdiagnosed, cases.
In Southern Nigeria Loa loa Blood Microfilaria Density is Very Low Even in Areas with High Prevalence of Loiasis: Results of a Survey Using the New LoaScope Technology
Authors: Emukah Emmanuel , Rakers Lindsay J. , Kahansim Barminas , Miri Emmanuel S. , Nwoke Bertram E. B. , Griswold Emily , Saka Yisa , Anagbogu Ifeoma , Davies Emmanuel , Ityonzughul Cephas , D’Ambrosio Michael , Bakalar Matthew , Fletcher Daniel A. , Nutman Thomas , Kamgno Joseph , Richards Frank O.
Published: May 2018

Ivermectin treatment can cause central nervous system adverse events (CNS-AEs) in persons with very high-density Loa loa microfilaremia (≥ 30,000 mf/mL blood). Hypoendemic onchocerciasis areas where L. loa is endemic have been excluded from ivermectin mass drug administration programs (MDA) because of the concern for CNS AEs. The rapid assessment procedure for L. loa (RAPLOA) is a questionnaire survey to assess history of eye worm. If ≥ 40% of respondents report eye worm, this correlates with ≥ 2% prevalence of very high-density loiasis microfilaremia, posing an unacceptable risk of CNS-AEs after MDA. In 2016, we conducted a L. loa study in 110 ivermectin-naïve, suspected onchocerciasis hypoendemic villages in southern Nigeria. In previous RAPLOA surveys these villages had prevalences between 10% and 67%. We examined 10,605 residents using the LoaScope, a cell phone–based imaging device for rapidly determining the microfilaria (mf) density of L. loa infections. The mean L. loa village mf prevalence was 6.3% (range 0–29%) and the mean individual mf count among positives was 326 mf/mL. The maximum individual mf count was only 11,429 mf/mL, and among 2,748 persons sampled from the 28 villages with ≥ 40% RAPLOA, the ≥ 2% threshold of very high Loa mf density could be excluded with high statistical confidence (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that ivermectin MDA can be delivered in this area with extremely low risk of L. loa–related CNS-AEs. We also concluded that in Nigeria the RAPLOA survey methodology is not predictive of ≥ 2% prevalence of very high-density L. loa microfilaremia.
Using Unannounced Standardized Patients to Explore Variation in Care for Patients With Depression
Authors: Zabar Sondra , Hanley Kathleen , Watsula-Morley Amanda , Goldstein Jenna , Altshuler Lisa , Dumorne Heather , Wallach Andrew , Porter Barbara , Kalet Adina , Gillespie Colleen
Published: May 2018

Background 

Physicians across specialties need to be skilled at diagnosing and treating depression, yet studies show underrecognition and inadequate treatment. Understanding the reasons requires specifying the influence of patient presentation, screening, and physician competence.

Objective 

We deployed an unannounced standardized patient (SP) case to assess clinic screening and internal medicine (IM) residents' practices in identifying, documenting, and treating depression.

Methods 

The SP represented a new patient presenting to the outpatient clinic, complaining of fatigue, with positive Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) items 2 and 9 and a family history of depression. The SPs assessed clinic screening and IM resident practices; appropriate treatment was assessed through chart review and defined as the resident doing at least 1 of the following: prescribing a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), making a referral, or scheduling a 2-week follow-up.

Results 

Of 129 IM residents, 85 (66%) provided appropriate treatment, 79 (61%) appropriately referred, 59 (46%) prescribed an SSRI, and 49 (38%) scheduled a 2-week follow-up, while 40 (31%) did not add depression to the problem list. The IM residents who used PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were more likely to appropriately (89%) versus inappropriately (50%) treat (P < .001). Compared with those who did not, residents who treated appropriately assessed depression symptoms more (P < .001) and had better communication (73% versus 50%, P = .02), patient centeredness (74% versus 42%, P = .03), and patient activation skills (35% versus 11%, P < .001).

Conclusions 

The use of unannounced SPs helps identify targets for training residents to provide evidence-based treatment of depression.
Quantifying the effect of aerosol on vertical velocity and effective terminal velocity in warm convective clouds
Authors: Dagan Guy , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Better representation of cloud–aerosol interactions is crucial for an improved understanding of natural and anthropogenic effects on climate. Recent studies have shown that the overall aerosol effect on warm convective clouds is non-monotonic. Here, we reduce the system's dimensions to its center of gravity (COG), enabling distillation and simplification of the overall trend and its temporal evolution. Within the COG framework, we show that the aerosol effects are nicely reflected by the interplay of the system's characteristic vertical velocities, namely the updraft (w) and the effective terminal velocity (η). The system's vertical velocities can be regarded as a sensitive measure for the evolution of the overall trends with time. Using a bin-microphysics cloud-scale model, we analyze and follow the trends of the aerosol effect on the magnitude and timing of w and η, and therefore the overall vertical COG velocity. Large eddy simulation (LES) model runs are used to upscale the analyzed trends to the cloud-field scale and study how the aerosol effects on the temporal evolution of the field's thermodynamic properties are reflected by the interplay between the two velocities. Our results suggest that aerosol effects on air vertical motion and droplet mobility imply an effect on the way in which water is distributed along the atmospheric column. Moreover, the interplay between w and η predicts the overall trend of the field's thermodynamic instability. These factors have an important effect on the local energy balance.
Self-organized classification of boundary layer meteorology and associated characteristics of air quality in Beijing
Authors: Liao Zhiheng , Sun Jiaren , Yao Jialin , Liu Li , Li Haowen , Liu Jian , Xie Jielan , Wu Dui , Fan Shaojia
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Self-organizing maps (SOMs; a feature-extracting technique based on an
unsupervised machine learning algorithm) are used to classify atmospheric
boundary layer (ABL) meteorology over Beijing through detecting topological
relationships among the 5-year (2013–2017) radiosonde-based virtual
potential temperature profiles. The classified ABL types are then examined
in relation to near-surface pollutant concentrations to understand the
modulation effects of the changing ABL meteorology on Beijing's air quality.
Nine ABL types (i.e., SOM nodes) are obtained through the SOM classification
technique, and each is characterized by distinct dynamic and thermodynamic
conditions. In general, the self-organized ABL types are able to distinguish
between high and low loadings of near-surface pollutants. The average
concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 and CO dramatically increased from
the near neutral (i.e., Node 1) to strong stable conditions (i.e., Node 9)
during all seasons except for summer. Since extremely strong stability can
isolate the near-surface observations from the influence of elevated
SO2 pollution layers, the highest average SO2 concentrations are
typically observed in Node 3 (a layer with strong stability in the upper
ABL) rather than Node 9. In contrast, near-surface O3 shows an opposite
dependence on atmospheric stability, with the lowest average concentration
in Node 9. Analysis of three typical pollution months (i.e., January 2013,
December 2015 and December 2016) suggests that the ABL types are the primary
drivers of day-to-day variations in Beijing's air quality. Assuming a fixed
relationship between ABL type and PM2.5 loading for different years,
the relative (absolute) contributions of the ABL anomaly to elevated
PM2.5 levels are estimated to be 58.3 % (44.4 µg m−3) in
January 2013, 46.4 % (22.2 µg m−3) in December 2015 and 73.3 % (34.6 µg m−3)
in December 2016.
Development and characterisation of a high-efficiency, aircraft-based axial cyclone cloud water collector
Authors: Crosbie Ewan , Brown Matthew D. , Shook Michael , Ziemba Luke , Moore Richard H. , Shingler Taylor , Winstead Edward , Thornhill K. Lee , Robinson Claire , MacDonald Alexander B. , Dadashazar Hossein , Sorooshian Armin , Beyersdorf Andreas , Eugene Alexis , Collett Jr. Jeffrey , Straub Derek , Anderson Bruce
Published: May 2018

Abstract. A new aircraft-mounted probe for collecting samples of cloud water has been designed, fabricated and extensively tested. Following previous designs, the probe uses inertial separation to remove cloud droplets from the airstream, which are subsequently collected and stored for offline analysis. We report details of the design, operation, and modelled and measured probe performance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to understand the flow patterns around the complex interior geometrical features that were optimized to ensure efficient droplet capture. CFD simulations coupled with particle tracking and multiphase surface transport modelling provide detailed estimates of the probe performance across the entire range of flight operating conditions and sampling scenarios. Physical operation of the probe was tested on a Lockheed C-130 Hercules (fuselage mounted) and de Havilland Twin Otter (wing pylon mounted) during three airborne field campaigns. During C-130 flights on the final field campaign, the probe reflected the most developed version of the design and a median cloud water collection rate of 4.5 ml min−1 was achieved. This allowed samples to be collected over 1–2 minutes under optimal cloud conditions. Flights on the Twin Otter featured an inter-comparison of the new probe with a slotted-rod collector, which has an extensive airborne campaign legacy. Comparison of trace species concentrations showed good agreement between collection techniques, with absolute concentrations of most major ions agreeing within 30 %, over a range of several orders of magnitude.
Mapping carbon monoxide pollution from space down to city scales with daily global coverage
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , aan de Brugh Joost , Hu Haili , Hasekamp Otto , Sussmann Ralf , Rettinger Markus , Hase Frank , Gross Jochen , Schneider Matthias , Garcia Omaira , Stremme Wolfgang , Grutter Michel , Feist Dietrich G. , Arnold Sabrina G. , De Mazière Martine , Kumar Sha Mahesh , Pollard David F. , Kiel Matthäus , Roehl Coleen , Wennberg Paul O. , Toon Geoffrey C. , Landgraf Jochen
Published: May 2018

Abstract. On 13th October, 2017, the European Space Agency (ESA) successfully launched the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite with the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) as its single payload. TROPOMI is the first of ESA's atmospheric composition Sentinel missions, which will provide complete long-term records of atmospheric trace gases for the coming 30 years as a contribution to the European Union's Earth Observing programme Copernicus. One of TROPOMI's primary products is atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO). It is observed with daily global coverage and a high spatial resolution of 7 × 7 km2. Due to its moderate atmospheric residence time, its atmospheric abundance provides information on both localized pollution hot spots and the pollutant transport on regional to global scales. In this contribution, we demonstrate the game-changing performance of the TROPOMI CO product, sensing CO enhancements above cities and industrial areas and tracking, with daily coverage, the atmospheric transport of pollution from biomass burning regions. The CO data product is validated with two months of Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTS) measurements at nine ground-based stations operated by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We found a good agreement between both data sets with a mean bias of 6 ppb for both clear-sky and cloudy TROPOMI CO retrievals. Together with the corresponding standard deviation of the station-to-station bias of 3.9 ppb for clear-sky and 2.4 ppb for cloudy-sky, it indicates that the CO data product is already well within the mission requirement.
Global Sea Level Budget 1993–Present
Authors:   WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows detecting changes (e.g., acceleration) in one or more components. Study of the sea level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled ``Regional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts'', an international effort involving the sea level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various data sets used to estimate components of the sea level budget during the altimetry era (1993 to present). These data sets are based on the combination of a broad range of space-based and in situ observations, model estimates and algorithms. Evaluating their quality, quantifying uncertainties and identifying sources of discrepancies between component estimates is extremely useful for various applications in climate research. This effort involves several tens of scientists from about sixty research teams/institutions worldwide (http://www.wcrp-climate.org/grand-challenges/gc-sea-level). The results presented in this paper are a synthesis of the first assessment performed during 2017–2018. We present estimates of the altimetry-based global mean sea level (average rate of 3.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr and acceleration of 0.1 mm/yr2 over 1993–present), as well as of the different components of the sea level budget (doi:10.17882/54854). We further examine closure of the sea level budget, comparing the observed global mean sea level with the sum of components. Ocean thermal expansion, glaciers, Greenland and Antarctica contribute by 42 %, 21 %, 15 % and 8 % to the global mean sea level over the 1993–present. We also study the sea level budget over 2005–present, using GRACE-based ocean mass estimates instead of sum of individual mass components. Results show closure of the sea level budget within 0.3 mm/yr. Substantial uncertainty remains for the land water storage component, as shown in examining individual mass contributions to sea level.
Glacial buzzcutting limits the height of tropical mountains
Authors: Cunningham Maxwell T. , Stark Colin P. , Kaplan Michael R. , Schaefer Joerg M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The widespread correlation between snowline elevation and mountain height is evidence that glacial buzzcutting puts a cap on mountain growth. The match is strongest for mid-latitude ranges, where glacial erosion has persisted over Pleistocene climate cycles and tends to truncate mountain range elevation near the upper limit of the late-Pleistocene snowline. Signs of a glacial buzzsaw are weakest in tropical ranges, where glacial erosion features are sparse and generally restricted to cold periods such as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here we show that glacial erosion does indeed truncate tropical mountains, often close to the cold-phase snowline. It does so on a cyclic basis, with glacial landscapes expanding during cold periods, and contracting during largely ice-free warm periods as fluvially-driven escarpments encroach on all sides. We find evidence of this cyclicity in the perched terrain of the Chirripó massif in Costa Rica, where surface-exposure age dating and topographic analysis show that LGM denudation occurred across a glacial landscape that has shrunk during post-LGM scarp encroachment. We find a similar story in the Central Range of Taiwan, where scarp encroachment is even more severe. We deduce that, during the Pleistocene, cold-phase glacial erosion has imposed a ceiling on tropical mountain growth, and that even the archetypally steady-state landscape of Taiwan has been subject to strongly cyclic changes in erosion rate.
Advection and dispersion of bed load tracers
Authors: Lajeunesse Eric , Devauchelle Olivier , James François
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We use the erosion–deposition model introduced by Charru et al. (2004) to
numerically simulate the evolution of a plume of bed load tracers entrained by
a steady flow. In this model, the propagation of the plume results from the
stochastic exchange of particles between the bed and the bed load layer. We
find a transition between two asymptotic regimes. The tracers, initially at rest, are gradually
set into motion by the flow. During this
entrainment regime, the plume is strongly skewed in the direction of
propagation and continuously accelerates while spreading nonlinearly. With
time, the skewness of the plume eventually reaches a maximum value before
decreasing. This marks the transition to an advection–diffusion regime in
which the plume becomes increasingly symmetrical, spreads linearly, and
advances at constant velocity. We analytically derive the expressions of the
position, the variance, and the skewness of the plume and investigate their
asymptotic regimes. Our model assumes steady state. In the field, however,
bed load transport is intermittent. We show that the asymptotic regimes become
insensitive to this intermittency when expressed in terms of the distance
traveled by the plume. If this finding applies to the field, it might provide
an estimate for the average bed load transport rate.
Comment: Getting the Methodology Wrong for Analysing the Hydrological Changes in Watersheds
Authors: Bassi Nitin , Kumara B. K. Harish , Sahasranaman Meera , Ganguly Arijit
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This article is a critique on the paper Spatial characterization of long-term hydrological change in the Arkavathy watershed adjacent to Bangalore, India, by Penny et al. (2018), published in the journal of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (volume 22, issue number 1). The article highlights choice of inappropriate methodology and faulty assumptions by the authors for analysing the watershed scale hydrological changes, generating misleading results and inferences.
How good are hydrological models for gap-filling streamflow data?
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Post David
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Gap-filling streamflow data is a critical step for most hydrological studies, such as streamflow trend, flood and drought analysis and hydrological response variable estimates and predictions. However, there is lack of quantitative evaluation of the gap-filled data accuracy in most hydrological studies. Here we show that when the missing rate is less than 10 %, the gap-filled streamflow data obtained using calibrated hydrological models perform almost as same as the benchmark data (less than 1 % missing) for estimating annual trends for 217 unregulated catchments widely spread in Australia. Furthermore, the relative streamflow trend bias caused by the gap-filling is not very large in very dry catchments where the hydrological model calibration is normally poor. Our results clearly demonstrate that the gap-filling using hydrological modelling has little impact on the estimation of annual streamflow and its trends.
Seasonal shifts in export of DOC and nutrients
from burned and unburned peatland-rich catchments, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Burd Katheryn , Tank Suzanne E. , Dion Nicole , Quinton William L. , Spence Christopher , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Olefeldt David
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Boreal peatlands are major catchment sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients, and thus strongly regulate the landscape carbon balance, aquatic food webs, and downstream water quality. Climate change is likely to influence catchment solute yield directly through climatic controls on runoff generation, but also indirectly through altered disturbance regimes. In this study we monitored water chemistry from early spring until fall at the outlets of a 321 km2 catchment that burned 3 years prior to the study and a 134 km2 undisturbed catchment. Both catchments were located in the discontinuous permafrost zone of boreal western Canada and had ~60 % peatland cover. The two catchments had strong similarities in the timing of DOC and nutrient yields, but a few differences were consistent with anticipated effects of wildfire based on peatland porewater analysis. The four week spring period, particularly the rising limb of spring freshet, was crucial for accurate characterization of the seasonal solute yield from both catchments. The spring period was responsible for ~65 % of the seasonal DOC and nitrogen, and ~85 % of the phosphorous yield. The rising limb of spring freshet was associated with high phosphorous concentrations and DOC of distinctly high aromaticity and molecular weight. Shifts in stream DOC concentrations and aromaticity outside the early spring period were consistent with shifts in relative stream-flow contribution from precipitation-like water in the spring, to mineral soil groundwater in the summer, with consistent relative contributions from organic soil porewater. Radiocarbon content (14C) of DOC at the outlets was modern throughout May to September (fM: 0.99–1.05), but likely reflected a mix of aged DOC, e.g. porewater DOC from permafrost (fM: 0.65–0.85) and non-permafrost peatlands (fM: 0.95–1.00), with modern bomb-influenced DOC, e.g. DOC leached from forest litter (fM: 1.05–1.10). The burned catchment had significantly increased total phosphorous yield, and also had greater DOC yield during summer which was characterized by a greater contribution from aged DOC. Overall, however, our results suggest that DOC composition and yield from peatland-rich catchments in the discontinuous permafrost region likely is more sensitive to climate change through impacts on runoff generation rather than through altered fire regimes.
Monitoring snow depth change across a range of landscapes with ephemeral snow packs using Structure from Motion applied to lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle videos
Authors: Fernandes Richard , Prevost Christian , Canisius Francis , Leblanc Sylvain G. , Maloley Matt , Oakes Sarah , Holman Kyomi , Knudby Anders
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Snow depth (SD) can vary by more than an order of magnitude over length scales of metres due to topography, vegetation and microclimate. Differencing of digital surface models derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of airborne imagery has been used to produce SD maps with between ∼2 cm to ∼15 cm horizontal resolution and accuracies on the order of ±10 cm over both relatively flat surfaces with little or no vegetation and over alpine regions. Studies indicate that accuracy is lower in the presence of vegetation above or below the snowpack and in rough topography; suggesting that some biases may be temporally persistent. Moreover, flight and image parameters vary across studies but they are typically not related a priori to an expected uncertainty in SD. This study tests two hypotheses: i) that SD change can be more accurately estimated when differencing snow covered elevation surfaces rather than the absolute snow depth based on differencing a snow covered and snow free surface and ii) the vertical accuracy of SfM processing of imagery acquired by commercial light weight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems can be adequately modelled using conventional photogrammetric theory. Moreover, these hypotheses are tested over areas with ephemeral snow pack conditions and across a range of micro-topography and vegetation cover. Weekly SD maps with
METHODS OF TESTING IDEAS IN THE PROJECT "VILLAGES ON MOVE BALTIC": EXPERIENCES FROM BALTIC COUNTRIES
Authors: Piščalkienė Viktorija , Gintilienė Milda , Misiūnas Donatas , Rastenienė Vilma , Mattila Marita , Muraus Petra , Kurtti Mari , Kool Helen , Siik Jaana , Kristensen Regitze , Selicka Anita
Published: May 2018

Physical activity is considered as an important tool for promoting of public health. Studies have shown connections between physical activities and mental and physical health, as it is one of the evaluating factors of community indicators. It is recommended that community sport participation is advocated as a form of leisure time for children and adolescents, in an effort to not only improve physical health in relation to such matters as the obesity crisis, but also to enhance psychological and social health outcomes. One of the project "Villages on Move Baltic" (VOMB) 1.1.2016-31.12.2017 (Number 2016-3715/001-001) objectives is to focus more on Health Enhancing Physical Activity and joy of sports for rural citizen in participating regions.

This article covers the reasons for seeking to increase participation in sport and other physical recreation activities: health and social engagement; lifestyle, everyday attraction and tourism opportunities. "Villages on Move Baltic" project is activating people to give ideas on how to promote everyday physical activity and how to organise their leisure time in rural areas. The collected ideas are developed by means of culture of experimentation. The Project‘s participants have visited village events and have promoted healthy lifestyle. The goal is to activate inhabitants in rural areas to have more movement and more joy of sports. The ideas about the desirable and interesting forms of physical activity among the rural population were gathered within the participation in 40 events of Villages on Move Baltic" project (VOMB). A total number of participants is 2030, which provided 830 ideas related to physical activity in everyday life and in various events.

Conclusions: A great number of ideas about physical activities were collected using verbal and non-verbal methods such as physical activity exercises or games, structured interviews, writing ideas, discussion and drawing. The idea is that competition methods should be applied to specific age and culture groups.
POLIARTROZE SERGANČIŲ MOTERŲ FIZINĖ IR PSICHOLOGINĖ BŪKLĖ
Authors: Gerikienė Vitalija , Albertovičiūtė Simona
Published: May 2018

Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti poliartroze sergančių moterų fizinę ir psichologinę būklę pagal jų nerimo raišką. Atliktas kokybinis tyrimas, taikant pusiau struktūruotą interviu ir kokybinę turinio analizę. Naudotas WOMAC klausimynas, skirtas įvertinti artroze sergančių pacientų fizinę būklę, HAD skalė, vertinanti psichologinę būklę. Pagal HAD skalę tyrimo dalyvės suskirstytos į atitinkamo laipsnio nerimo simptomų grupes. Pusiau struktūruoto interviu klausimais analizuota tyrimo dalyvių fizinė ir psichologinė būklės.

Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad pagrindiniai tyrimo dalyvių jaučiami artrozės simptomai yra skausmas ir sąnarių sustingimas. Lengvų nerimo simptomų grupei priskirtoms tyrimo dalyvėms fizinis aktyvumas pagerėjo ar kiek sumažėjo, didelių fizinių apribojimų jos nejaučia. Vidutinio sunkumo ir sunkius nerimo simptomus patiriančioms tyrimo dalyvėms fizinis aktyvumas sumažėjo, išėjus pasivaikščioti skausmas paūmėja ar dėl ligos nebegali tiek judėti, kiek anksčiau. Lengvus nerimo simptomus patiriančios tyrimo dalyvės neigiamas emocijas patiria tik dėl kritimų ar savo vaikų, pozityviau žiūri į save, santykiai su artimaisiais nepakito. Vidutinio sunkumo ir sunkius nerimo simptomus patiriančios tyrimo dalyvės patiria daugiau neigiamų emocijų, jaučia baimę dėl sveikatos, dažniau patiria nusivylimą bei labiau save nuvertina.
THE EFFECT OF MAGNETO-LASER THERAPY ON THE PHENOTYPE OF BASOPHILS IN CHILDREN WITH ATOPIC ASTHMA
Authors: Asiryn Elena , Novikov Pavel , Matsiushchanka Volha , Titova Nadiezhda , Vaidelys Lukas , Griciūnaitė Greta
Published: May 2018

In recent years there has been growing evidence to suggest a major role of basophils alongside eosinophils and mast cells in allergic inflammation.

The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the basophil phenotypes after the use of magneto-la-ser therapy in children with atopic bronchial asthma.

Materials and methods. A total of 66 children with mild persistent atopic bronchial asthma (aged 6 to 18 years old) were examined. Group A included 34 children who received magneto-laser therapy together with basic asthma treatment (low dose of inhaled corticosteroids). Group B included 32 children who received only basic asthma therapy. The level of CD203с + , CD203с + CD63 + , CD203с + IgE + basophils was determined in peripheral blood in the beginning of the study, after 2 weeks and after 3 months.

Results. A statistically significant decrease in the absolute levels of CD203с+CD63+ and CD203с + IgE + basophils and in the relative level of CD203с + IgE + among all CD203с + basophils was determined in group A after magneto-laser therapy. The comparison of group A and group B indices revealed a significant difference between the relative level of CD203с + IgE + basophils after 12-15 days from the beginning of the study. This indicator was significantly lower in group A than in group B (p<0.05). The absolute level of CD203с + IgE + basophils was significantly lower in group A in comparison with group B after 82-90 days (p<0.05).

Conclusions. Magneto-laser therapy can change the phenotype of basophils in children with atopic bronchial asthma, causing suppression of proallergic pa-rameters. Considering these results there is reason to believe, that it is possible to use this method as an additional immunocorrective treatment in patients with basophilic phenotype of atopic asthma.
EFFICACY OF MAXWIRE® ALLOY FILE IN REMOVING THE REMAINS OF ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIAL IN VITRO
Authors: Hashemi Martin , Mackevičiūtė Miglė
Published: May 2018

Today it is more and more preferred to preserve teeth with promising prognosis rather than to extract them. The efficiency and the precision of retreatment files to remove filling material are important factors of successful treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of MaxWire® alloy file in removing root canal filling material after retreatment with endodontic retreatment instruments. Distal roots of twenty human mandibular molars with single and straight canals were selected for this study. All canals were instrumented up to #40/.04 with Bio-race system and apical preparation was finished with Kfile #50/.02. Obturation was performed using lateral condensation technique with ADSEAL sealer. Radiographs were performed in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions with periapical X-ray after obuturation. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups with ten teeth in each. Group 1: removal of root canal filling material was performed using D-race system. Group 2: removal of root canal filling material was performed using D-race system following XP endo Finisher R instrument. Radiographs were performed after retreatment. Residual material was calculated in percentage left in canals. Statistical significance between the two groups were analyzed with t-test. Remnants of root canal filling material was observed in both groups: 38.90% in Group 1 and 13.71% in Group 2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups in term of the total root canal filling material (p<0.05). MaxWire® alloy file significantly increased the amount of removed root canal filling material after retreatment with endodontic retreatment instruments.
VIRŠUTINĖS PASAITO ARTERIJOS SINDROMAS. KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Lukoševičienė Rima , Krajevienė Laima , Taparauskaitė Neringa , Krasauskas Ernestas
Published: May 2018

Viršutinės pasaito arterijos sindromas (VPAS) – tai simptomų kompleksas, kurį sukelia viršutinė pasaito arterija, išoriškai spausdama dvylikapirštės žarnos trečiąją dalį. Bendrasis sergamumas šiuo sindromu nėra aiškus, tačiau nustatomas 0,013% - 0,3 % visų pacientų, tiriamų dėl žarnyno nepraeinamumo simptomatikos. Dažniausia šio sindromo priežastis yra ryškus kūno masės sumažėjimas. Dėl dvylikapirštės žarnos suspaudimo išryškėja su žarnos obstrukcija susiję simptomai: pilvo skausmas, pykinimas, vėmimas, atsirandantys po valgio, ankstyvas sotumo jausmas, sumažėjęs apetitas. VPAS diagnozė patvirtinama pilvo organų KT arba MRT tyrimais. ≤ 25° aortomezenterinio kampo nustatymas yra jautriausias rodiklis, pagrindžiantis VPAS diagnozę, ypač tada, kai aortomezenterinis atstumas yra ≤ 8 mm. Dažniausiai VPAS gydomas konservatyviai, tačiau sunkiais atvejais prireikia chirurginio gydymo. 90 % atvejų baigtis - visiškas pasveikimas.
PROFESIONALIŲ KREPŠININKIŲ GIRNELĖS SAUSGYSLĖS ULTRAGARSINĖ DIAGNOSTIKA
Authors: Rutkauskas Saulius , Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Gružaitė Eglė , Kablytė Akvilė
Published: May 2018

Tendinopatija - gana dažnai sutinkamas reiškinys tarp profesionaliai sportuojančių žmonių. Girnelės sausgyslės pažeidimai ypač paplitę tarp atletų, kurie užsiima tokiomis sporto šakomis kaip krepšinis ar tinklinis. Šių sporto šakų metu nuolat kartojamas šuolio judesys, todėl ši patologija dar kitaip vadinama „šuolininko keliu“. Tendinopatiniams pakitimams sausgyslėje nustatyti dažnai naudojamas ultragarsinis aparatas. Tai greita ir patogi diagnostikos priemonė, plačiai pritaikoma klinikinėje praktikoje. Laiku nustačius asimptominės tendinopatijos pasireiškimą, galima užkirsti kelią tolimesniam sausgyslės pažeidimo progresavimui ir išvengti rimtų komplikacijų, pavyzdžiui, sausgyslės plyšimo.Straipsnyje pristatomas prospektyvinis tyrimas, kurio metu buvo atliekamas vizualinis ir funkcinis 73 Lietuvos krepšinio lygoje profesionaliai krepšinį žaidžiančių atlečių abiejų pusių girnelės sausgyslių įvertinimas. Vizualinei girnelės sausgyslių diagnostikai naudotas ultragarso aparatas. Juo buvo vertinami pagrindiniai tendinopatijos pasireiškimo sausgyslėje požymiai: sausgyslės sustorėjimas, tvarkingos skaidulinės struktūros praradimas, tarpų tarp hiperechogeniškų kolageninių skaidulų padidėjimas, bendras sausgyslės hipoechogeniškumas, kalcifikacijos židinių ar neovaskuliarizacijos pasireiškimas. Apatinės galūnės šuolio funkcijai įvertinti naudotas LESS (angl. Landing Error Scoring System) testas. Gautų duomenų statistinė analizė atlikta IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 programa. Rezultatai: tendinopatijų pasireiškimas dešinėje girnelės sausgyslėje nustatytas 26,0 proc. (n=19), kairėje girnelės sausgyslėje- 30,1 % (n=22), o abiejų kojų girnelių sausgyslėse- 16,4% (n=12) krepšininkių. Sportininkių, kurioms tendinopatija nustatyta abiejose kojose, svoris buvo statistiškai reikšmingai didesnis nei sportininkių, kurioms tendinopatija nebuvo nustatyta arba buvo nustatyta tik vienoje kojoje (p<0,05). Sąsajos tarp echoskopijos metu matomų tendinopatinių pakitimų girnelės sausgyslėje ir jaučiamo skausmo kelio srityje nebuvo rasta (p=0,693). Statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo tarp LESS testo rezultatų ir tendinopatijos pasireiškimo, matomo ultragarso aparatu, nebuvo rasta (p=0,3). Nors tendinopatija neturi jaučiamos įtakos kojos funkcijai, bet jos pasireiškimas sausgyslėje didina sausgyslės traumavimo tikimybę. Taigi, laiku diagnozuota asimptominė tendinopatija ir prevencijos priemonių taikymas, nustačius tendinopatijų buvimą, yra labai svarbu, siekiant išvengti galimo sausgyslės plyšimo ateityje.
«Å bli til i det å bli sett». Om sammenvevingen av det etiske og det estetiske i Trondheims minnepark for 22. juli-ofrene
Authors: Solli Mattias
Published: May 2018

Artikkelen er en fenomenologisk og hermeneutisk betraktning av Trondheims minnepark for 22. juli-ofrene. Bakgrunnen ligger i et etisk moment av hermeneutisk selvkritikk, som utspilte seg i storsamfunnets reaksjoner på terroren, og som parken må sees i lys av. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i at flere av diktene som er slipt inn i minneparkens hvite betong, tematiserer behovet for mellommenneskelig anerkjennelse. Ved hjelp av kunstteoretikeren Bourriaud og filosofene Fichte og Hegel synliggjøres det hvordan dette temaet – mellommenneskelig anerkjennelse – kan sies å være integrert i parkens helhetlige estetikk. Siste del drøfter ved hjelp av Gadamer hvordan anerkjennelse også er relevant for aktiviteten med å gå omkring og lese diktene i parken. Til sammen belyser artikkelen hvordan minneparken utgjør en sammenveving av det etiske og det estetiske, og hvordan ordet minne her har to betydninger. Med parken minnes vi ofrene for terroren i betydningen kollektiv hukommelse, eller in memoriam. Samtidig blir vi påminnet vår evne til å være i relasjon med andre mennesker, og til å vokse i relasjonelt samspill. Den siste betydningen er filosofisk, og spiller på betydningen gjenerindring (gresk: anamnesis). 

Nøkkelord: hermeneutisk selvkritikk, anerkjennelse, deltakelse, hverdagslighet, lesning

 

English summary: "Becoming fully oneself by being seen." On the connection between ethics and aesthetics in Trondheim's Memorial Park for the July 22 victims

This article presents a phenomenological and hermeneutical consideration of Trondheim's Memorial Park for the July 22 victims. The background evolves in an ethical and hermeneutical form of self-criticism, which emerged in Norway in the public reactions to the terror. The article observes the fact that several of the poems embedded in the white concrete of the Memorial Park promote the need for interpersonal recognition. Through considering ideas of Bourriaud, Fichte, and Hegel, the author demonstrates how this very theme of interpersonal recognition is integrated into the park's overall aesthetics. The author considers how recognition is also relevant to the activity of reading the poems in the park through evoking Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics. In sum, the article demonstrates how the Memorial Park constitutes a joining of the ethical and aesthetic dimensions and how the word memorial [Norwegian: minne] here gains two meanings. In the park we remember the victims of the terror in the sense of collective memory, or in memoriam. At the same time, we are reminded of our ability to be in relationship with other people and to grow in relational interaction. The latter sense is philosophical and draws on the meaning of recollection (Greek: anamnesis).

Keywords: hermeneutical self-criticism, recognition, participation, everyday life, reading
Medidas de bioseguridad para la prevención de la tuberculosis aplicadas por estudiantes en su práctica clínica
Authors: Argueta de Cativo Gloria Patricia , Zepeda de Henríquez Susana Nohemy
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las medidas de bioseguridad para la prevención de la tuberculosis que aplican los estudiantes de las carreras de doctorado en medicina y licenciatura en enfermería durante su práctica clínica. Las medidas de bioseguridad resultan ser de gran importancia para el personal que labora en un centro de salud y no podemos dejar de lado a los estudiantes que constituyen un elemento importante y que se involucran en la mayoría de las actividades durante su práctica clínica. El estudio es observacional de tipo descriptivo, realizado de mayo a julio del 2014 en dos fases: en la primera, se observaron a 37 estudiantes durante su rutina de práctica clínica utilizando un cheklist, y en la segunda fase se exploraron conocimientos sobre medidas de bioseguridad a 375 estudiantes de ambas carreras. Los resultados arrojaron que la vestimenta utilizada por los estudiantes es adecuada, pero el uso de equipo de protección personal como gabacha, gorro, mascarilla y guantes es deficiente porque no cumplen con los cinco momentos de lavado de manos establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la técnica de lavado de manos no es adecuada. Sí hay una adecuada disposición final de los desechos hospitalarios. De los trece aspectos evaluados en conocimientos, los resultados revelan una condición deficiente. Los estudiantes que realizan su práctica clínica están expuestos a riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis y otras enfermedades transmisibles, y ponen en riesgo la salud de los pacientes y la comunidad, por lo que es importante establecer reglamentos y capacitar a los estudiantes antes de su práctica clínica para asegurar su protección.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 10 No 1 ISSN1818-202X enero-junio 2016, p. 13-20
Condrosarcoma de bajo grado originado de parrilla costal en un paciente con exostosis múltiple
Authors: Molina Giovanni A. , Díaz Nelson E. , Flamenco Wendy P.
Published: May 2018

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de la tercera década de la vida, con historia clínica de una tumoración pétrea en parrilla costal izquierda, de dos años de evolución, de crecimiento progresivo, con antecedentes familiares de exostosis hereditaria múltiple (EHM). Se exponen los estudios de imágenes e histopatológicos, haciendo una correlación que estableció el diagnóstico definitivo de condrosarcoma de bajo grado (grado I) originado en un osteocondroma del tipo similar a coliflor.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 10 No 1 ISSN1818-202X enero-junio 2016, p. 34-40
Phase plane quantification of single-joint smoothness
Authors: Wininger Michael , Krasner Alex , Kim Nam Hun , Craelius William
Published: May 2018

We report a metric of single joint movement smoothness based on phase plane analysis of trajectories of the wrist about the elbow. Overall smoothness was quantified as the Phase Area Ratio (PAR), comparing the total area circumscribed by the acceleration-velocity (A-V) curve, to the area of its convex hull; PAR ranges from 0 (perfectly smooth) to 1 (gross motor impairment). Elbow flexion records obtained from a cohort study showed that PAR was significantly different in intact (PAR = 9.4x10-4 ± 6.6x10-4, group average, N = 18) versus chronic stroke patients (0.11 ± 0.15, N = 9; Wilcoxon rank-sum on group means: P < .0001).  Separate simulations showed that PAR was appropriately insensitive to velocity asymmetry and to scale factors, e.g. range of motion, peak- and average velocity, and movement duration. We conclude that PAR is an attractive smoothness measure, as it accomplishes four objectives: 1) insensitivity to scale factors unrelated to trajectory shape, 2) discrimination of an intact versus impaired cohort, 3) reporting a near-zero impairment for healthy actors, responding appropriately to asymmetries commonly observed in human movement, and 4) operation on a fixed, closed scale.
Transperitoneal laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy in the pediatric population: A single-centre experience using a sealing device
Authors: Aydogdu Ibrahim , Silay Mesrur Selcuk
Published: May 2018

Introduction: We sought to report the outcomes of transperitoneal laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy (LHNU) in a pediatric population and to describe the technical details of this minimally invasive surgery.Methods: Seventeen pediatric patients (18 renal units), who had consecutive transperitoneal LHNU in our department between January 2012 and July 2017 were included in the study. In all patients, diagnostic cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography were carried out immediately before the operation. A catheter was inserted in the unaffected ureter and fixed. LHNU with a transperitoneal approach was carried out in all patients with the aid of LigaSure®. After removal of the specimen, the intervention was finalized with the insertion of a drain. All intraoperative and postoperative data of the patients were recorded prospectively.Results: The average age of the patients was 55.9±35.8 months (range 8–121). The average duration of the operations was 121.7±24.0 minutes (range 100–200). The average hospitalization time was 1.6±0.4 days (range 1–2). No intraoperative complication occurred in our patients. The average followup period was 29.1±13.4 months (range 4–48). During the followup period, no complications were observed except one patient who had pyelonephritis within the first month of surgery.Conclusions: Transperitoneal LHNU is a minimally invasive method that can be used safely in pediatric patients. Using a standardized technique during the procedure is critical to increase the success and decrease the complication rates.
Evaluating the impact of the genitourinary multidisciplinary tumour board: Should every cancer patient be discussed as standard of care?
Authors: Scarberry Kyle , Ponsky Lee , Cherullo Edward , Larchian William , Bodner Donald , Cooney Matthew , Ellis Rodney , MacLennan Gregory , Johnson Ben , Tabayoyong William , Abouassaly Robert
Published: May 2018

Introduction: We sought to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary tumour board (MTB) on altering treatment plans for genitourinary (GU) cancer patients.Methods: All GU cancer patients seen at our tertiary care hospital are discussed at MTB. We prospectively collected data on adult patients discussed over a continuous, 20-month period. Physicians completed a survey prior to MTB to document their opinion on the likelihood of change in their patient’s treatment plan. Logistic regression was used to asses for factors associated with a change by the MTB, including patient age or sex, malignancy type, the predicted treatment plan, and the provider’s years of experience or fellowship training.Results: A total of 321 cancer patients were included. Patients were primarily male (84.4%) with a median age of 67 years old (range 20–92). Prostate (38.9%), bladder (31.8%), and kidney cancer (19.6%) were the most common malignancies discussed. A change in management plan following MTB was observed in 57 (17.8%) patients. The physician predicted a likely change in six (10.5%) of these patients. Multivariate logistic regression did not determine physician prediction to be associated with treatment plan change, and the only significant variable identified was a plan to discuss multiple treatment options with a patient (odds ratio 2.46; 95% confidence interval 1.09–9.54). Conclusions: Routine discussion of all urologic oncology cases at MTB led to a change in treatment plan in 17.8% of patients. Physicians cannot reliably predict which patients have their treatment plan altered. Selectively choosing patients to be presented likely undervalues the impact of a multidisciplinary approach to care.