bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversion of aquatic weed water-hyacinth to conducting and microwave shielding material-a scientific approach
Authors: Chandran Shine R , T B Anand , Krishnan Raji R , D Deepesh , K H Prema
Published: April 2022

This work reports the fabrication of microwave absorbing hybrid composites of nickel ferrite (NF), poly aniline (PANI) and natural fibre extracted from water hyacinth (WHF). In-situ polymerisation method of aniline using ammonium peroxydisulphate is adopted for the synthesis of PANI, PANI-WHF and PANI-WHF-NF composites. The structural and morphological characterisations are done by XRD, FT-IR and scanning electron microscope analysis. Thermal stability of the samples is established with thermogravimetric analysis. Dc conductivity studies ensure the semiconducting nature of binary (PANI-WHF) as well as ternary (PANI-WHF-NF) composites. Microwave shielding effectiveness (SE) of the composites are studied in the frequency range of 6–8.5 GHz. Binary composites give lower SE, which further improves with the inclusion of NF to about 17 dB. The study establishes the conversion of WHF to conducting and microwave shielding material. The highlights of the work include the synthesis of PANI fibre ferrite composites through in-situ polymerization method, also addition of fibres increase the mechanical strength of the composites, the composites exhibit shielding effectiveness of 17 dB in the frequency range of 6–8.5 GHz and the composite material exhibit good conductivity in the range of 10 −1 Scm−1–10 −3 S cm −1.
The Judicial Document as Informal State Law: Judicial Lawmaking in China’s Courts
Authors: Wang Shucheng
Published: April 2022

Judicial documents, which interpret statutory laws and make new rules for adjudication, have become a robust basis for judicial decision making in China. This article examines why and how, with no explicit congressional delegation, the practice of producing judicial documents has become embedded in the adjudication of China’s courts; how judges can effectively refer to judicial documents during adjudication; and the extent to which judicial documents have enabled subnational courts, under the dual leadership of superior courts and the local Party committee, to efficiently and effectively respond to subnational diversity and differences in local politics. It proposes the theory that this judicial lawmaking practice exists in a “twilight zone” between legal and illegal and examines why it is suitable for maintaining the political resilience of China’s authoritarian regime.
Virtual vs. Real Self: Gendered Presentation and Everyday Performance of Virtual Selfhood – A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Aksar Iffat Ali , Firdaus Amira , Pasha Saadia Anwar
Published: April 2022

The presentation and performance of women's selfhood and identity in Pakistan, in both the real and the virtual world, is dictated and shaped by the male-dominated cultural mores of Pakistan. Therefore, drawing upon Goffman's notion of self-presentation and everyday performance of selfhood, this paper explores digitally active Pakistani women's selfhood and identity presentation through qualitative interviews with ten Pakistani women from diverse backgrounds. Participants’ narratives revealed identity conflicts between their offline and online identities due to the control exhibited by the prevalent cultural norms and values. Similarly, offline cultural mores of the veil seeping into the online world operate as a patriarchal means of controlling women online akin to the male-protected family and home as a sacred sanctuary providing security to the family women. Pakistani women's experience of the online world is also defined in terms of “digital veil” and “digital sanctuary”. Findings reveal that Pakistani women social media users’ offline self-presentation clashes with their performance of selfhood in their virtual lives. This divergence and resulting identity crisis of selfhood is shaped by cultural regulation which adversely affects Pakistani women's lives. Extended research on social and cyber culture in offline and online identity formation with respect to psychosocial implications is recommended.
“Well, It’s Election Day … Again”: How a Multi-day Memetic Narrative Captured the World’s Collective Anticipation during the 2020 “Election Week Limbo”
Authors: Birthisel Jessica , Jankowski Stacie Meihaus , Kelley Tara
Published: April 2022

During the more than three days stretching between the 2020 U.S. election day and when the presidential race was officially “called” for Democratic candidate Joe Biden, a blizzard of memes snowed down across social media. This project analyzes more than 500 of these “election week limbo” memes, created and shared during a prolonged moment of collective political anticipation and anxiety. What emerged in this sample was a spontaneous, collaborative and evolving moment of meme-based storytelling that mirrored a classic five-act storytelling structure. Meme-ers sustained this narrative for most of a week, not simply to generate new, humorous takes on an iconic photo. Rather, they collectively evolved the shared tale of a distinct political moment during an isolating pandemic, capturing the “election limbo” story memetically as moods shifted, plot twists emerged and unlikely heroes came to the forefront, creating a distinctly collaborative, narrative, and evolving meme storytelling experience.
Does the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide meet the needs of young athletes?
Authors: Heidl Alexandra J. , Litzenberger Kathleen , Cohen Tamara R. , Plourde Hugues
Published: April 2022

Background: The Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) encourages Canadians to consume a balanced plate. However, this recommendation may not meet the nutritional needs of young athletes who have increased nutritional requirements. Aim: To evaluate how the 2019 CGF can be used to meet the nutritional needs of young athletes. Method: Five menu scenarios were created using the CFG’s balanced plate and recipes from Health Canada. Each menu was analyzed to compare nutrient and energy needs of an index athlete (15-year-old male, 71 kg). Estimated energy requirements were based on nutrition guidelines set by National and International sports-nutrition position statements. Results: The adjusted CFG balanced plate plus an energy dense beverage at every meal was the closest to meeting the index athlete’s nutrient requirements. Conclusion: The 2019 CFG’s balanced plate needs to be adjusted to meet the nutritional requirements of individuals with active lifestyles.
Vitamin D status and its relationship with obesity indicators in Moroccan adult women
Authors: Mehdad Slimane , Belghiti Hakim , Zahrou Fatima Ezzahra , Guerinech Hassania , Mouzouni Fatima Zahra , El hajjab Amina , El Berri Hicham , El Ammari Laila , Benaich Souad , Benkirane Hasnae , Barkat Amina , Aguenaou Hassan
Published: April 2022

Background: Although vitamin D deficiency has been studied in various populations, there are few data on its prevalence and associated factors among Moroccan women. Aim: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and investigate its association with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus in a sample of Moroccan adult women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Mohammed V Military Hospital of Instruction, Rabat. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses were performed using standard procedures Results: A total of 714 women aged 18–65 years participated in this study. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 74.4%. Approximately 24% and 51% of women had severe and moderate vitamin D deficiency, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were inversely correlated with BMI in vitamin D-deficient subjects ( P = 0.036) and with parathyroid hormone 1–84 (PTH1-84) levels in the study sample ( P = 0.010). PTH1-84 concentrations were greater among overweight/obese individuals compared to their non-overweight peers ( P = 0.001) and tended to be higher among vitamin D-deficient women than vitamin D-sufficient women ( P = 0.053). Conclusion: This study showed a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this sample of Moroccan women. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased BMI in vitamin D-deficient women and with elevated PTH1-84 levels among the study sample. Although these findings come from a convenience sample of women that attended a nutrition clinic, they underscore the urgent need to develop public health interventions to improve women’s vitamin D status.
Distilling the value of public service media: Towards a tenable conceptualisation in the European framework
Authors: Cañedo Azahara , Rodríguez-Castro Marta , López-Cepeda Ana María
Published: April 2022

This paper problematises the difficulty of defining the public value of public service media. Through a double qualitative methodology, a series of components are identified and assessed in order to propose a tenable conceptualisation in the European framework. First, a qualitative analysis of the main legislations in force ( n = 44) and the grey literature public service media organisations display on their websites ( n = 14) was developed to extract, on an exploratory basis, the common constituent components of public value. Based on this, we developed a guided focus group of experts ( n = 15) to help us build a conception of public service media's value that can retain its validity for a long period of time in the multiplatform era. The results highlight the problems in proposing a single definition given the socio-political diversity of the spaces in which public service media operate and the uncertainty of a constantly changing audiovisual context.
Importance of Staphylococcus epidermidis findings in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a full-term newborn: a case report
Authors: Jovandaric Miljana Z , Stefanovic Slobodanka , Babic Sandra , Milenkovic Svetlana J , Babovic Ivana R
Published: April 2022

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRS) predominantly colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other animals. We describe the case of a male newborn of gestational age 39 weeks whose primary and repeated blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid samples isolated MRS. The choice and duration of antibiotic therapy were determined by the clinical presentation, infection parameters, and results of bacteriological analyses of blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from the newborn on the day 5 of life. After 28 days of antibiotic therapy for sepsis accompanied by meningitis, the newborn was discharged home without sequelae.
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for migraine prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamad Safiai Nabil Izzaatie , Mohamad Nur Afiqah , Basri Hamidon , Inche Mat Liyana Najwa , Hoo Fan Kee , Abdul Rashid Anna Misyail , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Loh Wei Chao , Baharin Janudin , Fernandez Aaron , Samsudin Intan Nureslyna , Mohamed Mohd Hazmi , Ching Siew Mooi , Lee Kai Wei , Ramachandran Vasudevan , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Wan Sulaiman Wan Aliaa
Published: April 2022

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a migraine prevention by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background

The efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as preventive migraine treatment remains debatable.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and BioMed Central databases were searched from their inception until December 2020. Randomised trials comparing high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with sham for migraine prevention were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane guidelines. Headache days, pain intensity, acute medication intake, and disability were extracted as study outcomes and the mean difference with a random-effects model was used to determine the effect size.

Results

Meta-analysis revealed that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex significantly reduced acute medication intake (Mean Difference = 9.78, p = 0.02, 95%CI: 1.60, 17.96, p = 0.02) and functional disability (Mean Difference = 8.00, p < 0.05, 95%CI: 4.21, 11.79). However, no differences were found in headache days and pain intensity reduction, although there was a slight trend favouring high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Conclusion

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be effective in reducing acute medication intake and disability. However, more studies are needed to strengthen this preliminary evidence.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of ARDS in Covid-19 and influenza patients: Does etiology matter?
Authors: Kotarski Viktor , Santini Marija , Krajinović Vladimir , Papić Neven , Gjurašin Branimir , Krznarić Juraj , Kutleša Marko
Published: April 2022

At the beginning of the COVID 19 pandemic, the outcome of patients treated with ECMO was discouraging. Subsequently, it became clear that a certain group of patients may benefit from ECMO treatment. The primary objective of this study was to compare the outcome of ECMO treatment in COVID-19 and influenza patients referred to a tertiary care center. A total of 119 adult patients required ECMO treatment following ARDS secondary to H1N1 (49) and SARS-CoV-2 (70) in the referral ECMO Center based in Zagreb between October 2009 and October 2021. Our study revealed a significantly higher mortality in COVID-19 patients compared to H1N1 influenza when the onset of ARDS was severe enough to require ECMO support. Based on these results and current knowledge, we argue that ECMO treatment for ARDS in COVID-19 patients is more challenging compared to H1N1 influenza patients. Therefore, referral to the most experienced ECMO centers should be considered. Additionally, patient selection and timing for ECMO treatment play a key role in relation to outcome. Mortality rate in COVID-19 patients requiring ECMO treatment may be used as a reference frame for ECMO centers to ensure best possible care and outcome.
Development Trajectories and Institutional Reform in Brazil: The Duality Problem Revisited in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Macedo Luis Otavio Bau
Published: April 2022

This essay aims at providing a novel analytical framework based on the concept of "duality" as proposed by the Brazilian economist Ignacio Rangel. In this portrayal, neoliberal policies are the consequence of the reinforcement of the dual character of the Brazilian society, which induces the economic outcomes of financialization and regression amid institutional change that (re)position class asymmetries. In this scheme, redistributive welfare state measures are of key importance to maintaining social cohesion and political support and, therefore, enabling the harmonization of these conflicting objectives in a neoliberal economic agenda. In this framework, the current Brazilian right-wing extremism and crisis is the outcome of such long-term entanglement in which democratic mediation is jeopardized.

JEL Classification: B51, P16
Job Satisfaction and Women's Timing of Return to Work after Childbirth in the UK
Authors: Gumy Julia M. , Plagnol Anke C. , Piasna Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

This article examines to what extent multiple facets of pre-childbirth job satisfaction affect women's labor market outcomes after first childbirth in the UK. Using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) we find that higher levels of overall job satisfaction increase the probability of returning to work sooner, and to the same job, during the sample period. Satisfaction with job security, work hours and the work content - but not with pay – are important determinants of mothers’ employment choices. We discuss the role of job satisfaction on women's ability to combine work and family responsibilities, and related aspects of job quality.
A Sequence Analysis of the Behaviors and Experiences of the Deadliest Public Mass Shooters
Authors: Silver James , Silva Jason R.
Published: April 2022

Researchers of public mass shooters are increasingly focusing on the pre-attack behaviors and experiences of these offenders. Varying in scope from consideration of individual factors to more generalized life course and threat assessment analyses, their scholarship has identified behavioral and experiential factors associated with public mass shooters. However, what is generally missing from this body of research is consideration of the order in which the offender encounters these factors, and prior related research has shown that analyzing sequences allows for insights not available from a catalogue of common characteristics. To address this shortcoming, we use a sample of offenders from 1999 to 2020 for whom the most detailed data is available and conduct a sequence analysis of their stressors, antisocial behaviors, mental health issues, and planning and preparation activities. We calculate proximity coefficients for each variable in relation to all others, capturing both local and distant connections between and among them. Our findings reveal relatively coherent phases in the lives of attackers, highlight the centrality of family problems and interest in past mass killings in the overall sequence, and provide new context to understanding the effect of mental health issues and firearms acquisition in the lives of offenders. A discussion of findings illustrates potential intervention points that may have been overlooked, as well suggestions for future research.
Does Gender Affect Judges’ Perceptions of Sexual Assault Cases?
Authors: Burgstedt Corinna , Beeby Amy , Hayne Harlene , Hobbs Linda , Gross Julien , Patterson Tess
Published: April 2022

There is growing recognition that females engage in harmful sexual behaviour that is similar in severity and type to males. Existing research, however, suggests that there is a bias towards leniency in judicial systems for female sexual offenders (FSOs) in comparison to male sexual offenders (MSOs). Specifically, FSOs receive shorter sentences than do MSOs and are less likely to be sentenced to prison. The majority of research examining disparity in sentence outcomes for FSOs have been analysed through a quantitative lens. Qualitative methodology is also needed to understand any subjective differences in the way that judges perceive case-relevant factors and whether these perceptions differ as a function of the offender’s gender. The present study is a qualitative study that examined judges’ perceptions and descriptions of FSO compared to MSO in 10 matched cases of sexual offending. The study found that although there were many similarities in how judges perceived FSO compared to MSO, there were also unique differences that could explain more lenient sentences for FSOs (i.e. the vulnerability, poor mental health and adverse backgrounds of FSOs). Other unique differences found were that judges’ perception of FSOs behaviour was described as depraved and cruel, whereas MSOs similar behaviour was not described in such an emotive way. The present study provides additional insight into the reasons for a bias towards leniency for FSOs. In particular, it points towards judicial focus on particular personal circumstances that are seen as relevant in sentencing FSOs but not for MSOs.
Does Gender Really Matter: Childhood Trauma, Trait Anger, and Suicide Risk in Early Adulthood
Authors: Yarar Esra Zıvralı , Bulut Burcu Pınar , Demirbaş Hatice
Published: April 2022

Background: Previous studies have reported mixed findings regarding gender differences in suicidal behavior. This discrepancy may be partly attributable to common predictors of suicide risk, such as childhood trauma and anger, and may also be independent of gender. Objectives: The present study investigated gender differences in the impact of childhood trauma and current trait anger on suicide risk, in a group of young Turkish adults. We hypothesized that trait anger would mediate the association between childhood trauma and suicide risk, independently of gender. Participants and Setting: Participants were 589 university students (84.3% women) aged 18–34 years (M = 21.43, SD = 1.82). Methods: Gender group differences in suicide risk, history of childhood trauma, and trait anger as well as possible covariates (i.e., self-rated socio-economic status and academic performance) were assessed. Possible predictors of suicide risk in gender groups were examined. The role of trait anger as a mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk was also examined. Results: Results showed that men reported a higher suicide risk, history of childhood trauma, and trait anger than women. Early childhood trauma and current trait anger scores were significant predictors of suicide risk in both gender groups. Trait anger significantly mediated the relationship between early trauma history and risk for suicide, independently of gender. Conclusions: Study findings support early reports of the effects of childhood trauma and trait anger on suicide risk. It was suggested that preventive interventions for suicidal behavior and monitoring risk groups with aggressive tendencies and childhood trauma history may be important.
Effects of Lockdown Drills on Students’ Fear, Perceived Risk, and Use of Avoidance Behaviors: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Schildkraut Jaclyn , Nickerson Amanda B.
Published: April 2022

Although widely used in schools across the United States, little is known about the impact of lockdown drills, particularly related to psychological outcomes such as fear, perceived risk, and avoidance. This study utilized survey data collected over 3 timepoints—baseline, after the first lockdown drill, and following training and a second lockdown drill—from more than 10,000 students in a large urban school district. The results indicate that students were less fearful and perceived lower risk after participating in lockdown drills and emergency response training, although reported avoidance behaviors increased. Perceived school safety predicted less fear, risk, and avoidance, while perceived emergency preparedness predicted less fear and avoidance but higher risk. Implications for broader considerations for school administrators and policymakers related to emergency preparedness preparation, including drills and training, are offered with particular focus given to best practices for trauma mitigation.
Between Women of Color: The New Social Organization of Reproductive Labor
Authors: Nazareno Jennifer , Cranford Cynthia , Lledo Lolita , Damasco Valerie , Roach Patricia
Published: April 2022

In this article, we examine citizenship inequalities in paid reproductive labor. Through an analysis of elder care in Los Angeles, California, based on interviews with Filipina home care agency workers and owners, we delineate citizen divisions made up of two interlocking dimensions. The longstanding U.S. welfare state abdication of responsibility for elder care for its citizens generates a racialized, gendered citizenship division that facilitates another citizenship division between women of color. The outsourcing of elder care by the government to the private sector including small business in the ethnic economy allows Filipina immigrants with legal citizenship to become middle-women minorities who hire undocumented Filipinas to provide care for white, middle-class, older adult women and their families. Through this new social organization of reproductive labor, responsibility is directed away from the state and generating tensions between women of color with different legal statuses. Our findings show how racialized, gendered inequalities are reinforced through this new social organization of reproductive labor but also demonstrate potential for undermining intersecting inequalities.
Gender, Veiling, and Class: Symbolic Boundaries and Veiling in Bengali Muslim Families
Authors: Sabur MD Abdus
Published: April 2022

In Bangladesh, due to economic growth and greater access to education, more girls and women are veiling, even as they are also more likely to be in school or employed. Some scholars identify this trend of women appearing both “more modern” and “more religious” as paradoxical. On the basis of 114 in-depth interviews with Bangladeshi migrant workers ( n = 57) in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Singapore, and South Korea and their wives ( n = 57) in rural Bangladesh, I claim that Muslim women in middle-class Bengali families who veil are cultivating symbolic boundaries guided by an accountability structure of middle-class religiosity and gender conservatism. The increasing tendency of middle-class Muslim women to appear both “more modern” and “more religious” can be explained by examining the role that veiling plays in signaling class status through conspicuous consumption, moral superiority, and respectable femininity, differentiating them from lower class women. I conclude that “doing gender” through veiling must be understood as also “doing middle-class difference” in Bengali Muslim families in rural Bangladesh.
“He’s a Mr. Mom”: Cultural Ambivalence in Print News Depictions of Stay-at-Home Fathers, 1987–2016
Authors: Kuperberg Arielle , Stone Pamela , Lucas Torie
Published: April 2022

Stay-at-home fathers challenge norms related to masculinity and gendered divisions of parenting roles. We conduct a content analysis of 94 print news articles about at-home fathers published 1987–2016 in the United States, identifying key themes and comparing results with our earlier research on news depictions of at-home mothers. We also analyze national trends in fathers staying home using Current Population Survey data to understand contexts in which articles were published. Articles were family-centric and disproportionately focused on economic elites, emphasizing their “choice” to stay home, but economic reasons for fathers staying home were described more commonly than in portrayals of mothers. Stigmatization experiences were pervasive in articles, appearing more commonly when staying home was reported as discretionary, but less commonly when staying home resulted from involuntary unemployment in recent periods. Portrayals reflect, reinforce, contribute to, and challenge father-as-provider norms, mirroring changes in masculinity norms over time and revealing cultural ambivalence toward at-home fathers.
Validating the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist in a Cognitive Clinic: Comparisons With the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire
Authors: Hu Sophie , Patten Scott , Charlton Anna , Fischer Karyn , Fick Gordon , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor
Published: April 2022

Objective

To compare the utility of the Mild Behavioral Impairment-Checklist (MBI-C) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) to capture NPS in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia.

Methods

In this cross-sectional memory clinic study, linear regression models compared MBI-C (n = 474) and NPI-Q (n = 1040) scores in relation to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score.

Results

MBI prevalence was 37% in subjective cognitive decline, 54% in mild cognitive impairment, and 62% in dementia. Worse diagnostic status was associated with higher MBI-C and NPI-Q score ( P < .001), lower MoCA ( P < .001), and greater age ( P < .001). Higher MBI-C (β −.09; 95% CI −.13, −.05) and NPI-Q (β −.17; 95% CI −.23, −.10) scores were associated with lower MoCA scores, with psychosis most strongly associated (β −1.11; 95% CI −1.56, −.65 vs β −1.14; 95% CI −1.55, −.73).

Conclusions

The MBI-C captures global and domain-specific NPS across cognitive stages. Both the MBI-C and NPI-Q have utility in characterizing NPS.
Reliability and Validity of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Mild Behavioral Impairment – Checklist Among Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment – A Validation Study
Authors: Lin Rose SY. , Yu Doris SF. , Chau Pui H. , Li Polly WC. , Ismail Zahinoor
Published: April 2022

Objective

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the traditional Chinese version of the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) among Hong Kong Chinese with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

A total of 172 participants were recruited from 2 community facilities. Cronbach’s alpha (α) was calculated to evaluate internal consistency. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to measure 2-week test–retest reliability. Construct validity was evaluated by conducting exploratory factor analysis to identify the internal structure of MBI-C, and assessing the correlation between theoretically related constructs, including objective and subjective cognitive impairment, neurotic personality, social supports, and maladaptive coping. Concurrent validity was assessed by its correlation with Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q).

Results

The results revealed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the MBI-C. Item analysis identified 4 items with low item-to-total correlations. The EFA identified a seven-factor structure. Hypothesis testing identified its significant correlations with subjective cognitive impairment, neurotic personality, social supports, and maladaptive coping. Concurrent validity was supported by its significant correlation with the NPI-Q.

Conclusions

The traditional Chinese version of MBI-C is a valid and reliable outcome measure to assess the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms of the MCI population.
Is Marital Quality Related to Physical Activity Across the Life Course for Men and Women?
Authors: Thomas Patricia A. , Richards Elizabeth A. , Forster Anna K.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Although physical activity is linked to multiple health outcomes, a majority of Americans do not meet physical activity guidelines, often with precipitous declines among older adults. Marital quality is a less-explored, but important, factor that may influence physical activity, as spouses often influence each other’s health behaviors.

Methods

We use nationally representative panel data to investigate whether positive and negative dimensions of marital quality influence physical activity, and whether age and gender moderate these relationships.

Results

We find that both marital support and strain are related to higher odds of more frequent active exercise and walking, pointing to the complex influence of marital quality. Marital support became increasingly important to higher levels of walking frequency as men aged.

Discussion

This study provides new information on the ways in which both positive and negative dimensions of marital quality may contribute to trajectories of physical activity across the life course.
Entropy generation on the variable magnetic field and magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of Eyring–Powell hybrid dusty nanofluid: Solar thermal application
Authors: Jakeer Shaik , Reddy P Bala Anki
Published: April 2022

The prime intention of this study is to analyse the significance of the variable magnetic field and magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of Eyring–Powell hybrid dusty nanofluid over a Darcy–Forchheimer sheet. The hybrid nanofluid was formulated by suspending the nanoparticles of copper ( Cu) and zirconium dioxide ( ZrO2) into a base fluid mixture of ( C2 H6 O2) ethylene glycol (50%) + ( H2 O) water (50%). The mixture of two different base fluid properties has notable results compared to using a single base fluid. Because when we used the mixture of both base fluids, we obtained better heat conductivity than pure ethylene glycol and a lower freezing point than water. Glycol water has several applications in solar heating installation and antifreeze in automobiles. The suitable self-similarity transformations are employed to convert the hybrid and dusty nanofluids transport equations into ordinary differential equations and then resolved using the Runge–Kutta fourth order with the shooting method in the MATLAB solver. The calculated results are plotted graphically through velocity, temperature, entropy generation, local skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer. The velocity profile enhances with the higher values of the Eyring–Powell fluid parameter. Entropy generation ( N G) and Bejan number ( Be) have an opposite nature on the Brinkman number ( Br). The rate of heat transfer rises for the higher values of the radiation parameter and opposite behaviour is observed to the magnetic field parameter. It is noticed that hybrid nanofluids have a higher heat transfer process than dusty nanofluids.
Elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of graphene nanoplatelet/glass fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composites subjected to off-axis loading
Authors: Hassanzadeh-Aghdam Mohammad Kazem , Jamali Jamaloddin
Published: April 2022

Effective elastic properties of the graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/unidirectional glass fiber (GF)-reinforced polyimide composites subjected to off-axis loading are predicted using a closed-form hierarchical micromechanical approach. The effects of volume fraction, agglomeration and non-flat structure of GNPs, graphene/polymer interfacial region, and fiber volume fraction on the off-axis elastic modulus and off-axis Poisson’s ratio are investigated. In order to verify the accuracy of the present micromechanical method, predictions are compared with the experimental data. Adding GNPs into the polymeric resin increases the elastic modulus of all off-axis coupons. When flat GNPs are uniformly dispersed in the polyimide resin, much more improvement in the off-axis elastic properties is achieved. The results indicate that agglomeration and non-flat structure of the GNP can drastically decrease the off-axis elastic modulus. It is observed that the off-axis elastic response of hybrid composites may be sensitive to the material property and thickness of the interfacial region.
Effect of stiffness on load-sharing characteristics of twin rotors concentric face gear power-split transmission system
Authors: Hao Dong , Hao-qin Zhang , Zhen-Bin Liu , Yue Bi
Published: April 2022

A twin rotors concentric face-gear power-split transmission system (TRCFGPSTS) applied to the core transmission mechanism of advanced aviation twin rotors helicopter was studied. The effects of torsional stiffness and support stiffness on the load-sharing characteristics of system were mainly studied. By comprehensively considering the factors such as manufacturing error and installation error, meshing stiffness, torsional stiffness, support stiffness and elastic deformation, and according to the power flow double closed-loop mechanical characteristics of this system, the static double closed-loop torsional angle elastic deformation coordination conditions are derived. The static load-sharing model was established by combining the moment balance equation of system. The load-sharing coefficient (LSC) and sensitivity parameters characterizing the load distribution of system were obtained. The effects of the torsional stiffness of the split-torsion shaft and the double-torsion shaft and the support stiffness of each gear on the load-sharing characteristics of the system were analyzed. The results show that the torsional stiffness of the split-torsion shaft and the double-torsion shaft has a great influence on LSC and sensitivity of the system, when its value is in the range of (1–1.6) × 105 N·m /rad and (2.4–4.3) ×105 N·m /rad, the system can meet the requirements of ± 5% of load-sharing characteristics under service conditions. Reducing the torsional stiffness of the split-torsion shaft can improve the load-sharing characteristics of the system, and the torsional stiffness of the right-branching double-shaft has little effect on the load-sharing characteristics of the left-branching of the system. The support stiffness of I-stage small cone angle face gear and Ⅲ-stage face gear is the most sensitive to LSC. With the increase of the support stiffness, the LSC first decreases and then gradually flattens, and the support stiffness of Ⅲ-stage face-gear has little effect on the I-stage LSC. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of load-sharing structure.
Feature extraction and visualization for damage detection on adhesive joints, utilizing lamb waves and supervised machine learning algorithms
Authors: Loreiro Vasco , Ramalho Gabriel , Tenreiro António , Lopes António M , da Silva Lucas
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the aeronautical industry has grown with the adoption of new materials for structural applications, and adhesives emerged as an alternative to standard methods to join parts. This has sparked the use of nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring methods, namely, those based on Lamb waves to assess the integrity of structures and detect damage. Methods using time-series sensor data and machine learning algorithms have shown great promise in classifying the extent of damage in plate-like structures. Despite this, robust methods are still missing for choosing relevant features of Lamb waves that optimize the learning process to classify damage. In this paper, a powerful time-series specialized feature extraction method is implemented to detect and classify weak adhesion, meaning a zero-volume defect denoting any intermediate level of adhesion between complete adhesion and kissing bond. Initially, over 75 different types of features, with varying internal parameters, are extracted from raw data. Then, using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, some of these features are selected as relevant for the damage classification problem. After the initial selection, the features are handled with machine learning techniques, namely the Naïve Bayes and random forest classifiers, which not only lead to high classification metrics using all features, but also reveal and isolate those features that yield the best differentiation between damage categories. The selection methodology accounts for robustness by utilizing different layers of selection and classification, validating the feature relevance in relation to the appropriate set of classes. As such, different damage types and ranges can be adopted in the proposed multi-class classification pipeline.
Investigation of friction and wear resistance of carbonitrided AISI 4130 steels using single and multi-pass scratch technique
Authors: Ghanem Abdelkarim , Atallah Mohamed s , Khlifi Kaouther , Barhoumi Najoua , Terres Mohamed A
Published: April 2022

The present paper investigates the friction and wear resistance of carbonitrided AISI 4130 steels using single and multi-pass scratch techniques. The influence of carbon concentration in high-temperature gas carbonitriding on friction, wear, and corrosion behavior was studied. The microstructure and morphological properties of carbonitrided layers were investigated employing optical microscope and XRD. The corrosion performance of carbonitrided layers was also evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5 wt.% aqueous solution of NaCl. The results of microstructure showed the formation of an arrangement of carbonitrides, chromium nitride, retained austenite, and [Formula: see text] carbides phases in the carbonitrided layers. The carbonitrided layer microhardness increased as a function of increasing carbon concentration to attain a maximum value of about 980 HV0.1 at a carbon content between 1 and 1.2%. The microhardness value was more than 3 times than those of the untreated AISI 4130 steels. Moreover, carbon content has a significant influence on the scratch resistance. For single pass, a critical load (LC1) of about 3.5 N was found. The use of multi-pass scratching allowed to examine friction coefficient, wear volume, and damage mechanism. Carbonitrided layers revealed a low friction coefficient (0.06) and a low wear volume that does not exceed [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the multi-pass scratch technique can extract valuable information about the wear behavior of the carbonitrided layers. The results of corrosion test showed that the formation of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and chromium nitride phases in carbonitrided layers were at the origin of high electrochemical resistance.
Adaptive Kalman filter based on multiple fading factors for fast in-motion initial alignment with rotation modulation technique
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Chen Xiyuan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a novel fast fine alignment method is proposed on the basis of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) under mooring conditions. Firstly, the model of single-axis rotation modulation with extended angular rate measurement is built to improve the speed of convergence, especially the azimuth misalignment angle and the constant error of gyroscope along the rotation axis. Both model mismatch and noise uncertainty of the extended measurement will arise for the difficulty to obtain the exact angular velocity of the carrier without auxiliary sensors. To address this problem, the adaptive Kalman filter based on multiple fading factors is proposed. Besides, the meta-heuristic beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm is applied for the first time to optimize the fading factors in real time. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by means of singular value decomposition and error covariance matrix analysis. Finally, the result of comparative simulations and experiments show that the observability degree and convergence speed of misalignment angles improve significantly compared to those conventional methods and the estimated values can satisfy the requirements of fine alignment. More importantly, the constant error of gyroscope along the rotation axis is estimated accurately and can be compensated in the subsequent navigation process.
Tips From the Top: Do the Best Performers Really Give the Best Advice?
Authors: Levari David E. , Gilbert Daniel T. , Wilson Timothy D.
Published: April 2022

Everyone knows that if you want to learn how to do something, you should get advice from people who do it well. But is everyone right? In a series of studies ( N = 8,693), adult participants played a game after receiving performance advice from previous participants. Although advice from the best-performing advisors was no more beneficial than advice from other advisors, participants believed that it had been—and they believed this despite the fact that they were told nothing about their advisors’ performance. Why? The best performers did not give better advice, but they did give more of it, and participants apparently mistook quantity for quality. These studies suggest that performing and advising may often be unrelated skills and that in at least some domains, people may overvalue advice from top performers.
Interleaving Retrieval Practice Promotes Science Learning
Authors: Sana Faria , Yan Veronica X.
Published: April 2022

Can interleaved retrieval practice enhance learning in classrooms? Across a 4-week period, ninth- through 12th-grade students ( N = 155) took a weekly quiz in their science courses that tested half of the concepts taught that week. Questions on each quiz were either blocked by concept or interleaved with different concepts. A month after the final quiz, students were tested on the concepts covered in the 4-week period. Replicating the retrieval-practice effect, results showed that participants performed better on concepts that had been on blocked quizzes ( M = 54%, SD = 28%) than on concepts that had not been quizzed ( M = 47%, SD = 20%; d = 0.30). Interleaved quizzes led to even greater benefits: Participants performed better on concepts that had been on interleaved quizzes ( M = 63%, SD = 26%) than on concepts that had been on blocked quizzes ( d = 0.35). These results demonstrate a cost-effective strategy to promote classroom learning.
Predictive analysis of the industrial water-waste-energy system using an optimised grey approach: A case study in China
Authors: Wu Wen-Ze , Liu Chong , Xie Wanli , Goh Mark , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2022

To estimate the dynamic trend of industrial water-waste-energy (hereinafter referred to as WWE) system, this paper proposes a new method for forecasting specific indicators in such a system. First, the fractional accumulated generation operator, fractional derivative and classic nonlinear grey Bernoulli model are simultaneously coupled to develop an optimised nonlinear grey Bernoulli model that identifies the nonlinear trends in industrial WWE systems. Second, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to determine the optimal model parameters in the newly-designed model. Based on this, simulation studies are conducted to examine the stability of the proposed model. Finally, the model is applied in the industrial WWE system. The results demonstrate that (1) the proposed model outperforms other competitive models in terms of error-value metrics and (2) industrial water use and industrial energy consumption will increase, whereas industrial wastewater discharge will decline. Furthermore, the rationality of the predicted results redis analyzed from a policy perspective.
Neuroprotection of chromobox 7 knockout in the mouse after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/hemeoxygenase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Hai-Tao , Wang Xi-Zeng , Zhang Qing-Mei , Zhao Han
Published: April 2022

Objective

To explore the mechanism of chromobox 7 (CBX7)-mediated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods

The experimental wild-type (WT) and CBX7-/- mice were used to establish cerebral I/R models using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to determine CBX7 levels at different time points after MCAO injury. For all mice, neurological behavior, infarct size, water content, and oxidative stress–related indicators were determined, and transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)) staining method was employed to observe cell apoptosis, while Western blot to measure the expression of CBX7 and Nrf/HO-1 pathway-related proteins.

Results

At 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after mice with MCAO, CBX7 expression was gradually up-regulated and the peak level was reached at 24 h. Mice in the WT + MCAO group had increased infarct size, with significant increases in the modified neurological severity scores and water content in the brain, as well as the quantity of TUNEL-positive cells. For the oxidative stress-indicators, an increase was seen in the content of MDA (malondial dehyde), but the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and content of GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) were decreased; meanwhile, the protein expression of CBX7, HO-1, and nuclear Nrf2 was up-regulated, while the cytoplasmic Nrf2 was down-regulated. Moreover, CBX7 knockout attenuated I/R injury in mice.

Conclusion

Knockout of CBX7 may protect mice from cerebral I/R injury by reducing cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, possibly via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.