bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Diagnosis, Management, and Outcome of Fetal Subdural Haematoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Cheung Ka Wang , Tan Lee Na , Seto Mimi Tin Yan , Moholkar Shruti , Masson Geraldine , Kilby Mark D.
Published: March 2019

Background: Fetal subdural haematoma (SDH) is associated with poor prognosis. Objective: The conflicting evidence from the literature presents a challenge in prenatal counselling. We present a case study and systematic review of the literature for the management and outcome of fetal SDH. Methods: Systematic search of electronic database. Results: A total 45 cases were extracted from 39 papers. Prenatal ultrasonographic features were intracranial echogenicity (42%), lateral ventriculomegaly (38%), presence of an intracranial mass (31%), macrocephaly (24%), midline deviation of cerebral falx (20%), and intracranial fluid collection (11%). Further secondary features were noted including reversed diastolic flow in the middle cerebral artery (11%), echogenic bowel (4%), hydrops fetalis (2%), and elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (2%) (all highly likely to be associated with fetal anaemia). The rates of termination of pregnancy, stillbirth, and neonatal death were 18% (8/45), 16% (7/45), and 11% (5/45), respectively. Overall, therefore, the fetal and perinatal mortality was 32% (12/37). Amongst the 24 survivors with available neurological outcome, 42% (10/24) and 58% (14/24) had abnormal and normal neurological outcome, respectively. Underlying aetiology of fetal SDH was not identified in 47% (21/45). Fetal SDH with an identifiable underlying aetiology was the only factor associated with a higher chance of normal neurological outcome when compared to fetal SDH without a detectable cause (78.5 vs. 21.4%, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Stillbirth and neonatal death occurred in a significant proportion of fetal SDH. 58% of survivors had normal neurological outcome, and better prognosis was seen in SDH with identifiable underlying aetiology.
Urodynamics as a Prognosticator of Mirabegron Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Kopp Kallner Helena , Elmér Caroline , Altman Daniel
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine if findings at urodynamics prognosticate improvements in overactive bladder symptoms among women receiving mirabegron treatment. Methods: Before treatment, women completed a urodynamic investigation, a micturition diary and the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) with the irritative subscale UDIOAB. After 6 months mirabegron treatment, patients were clinically evaluated and completed the UDI. Associations were tested using regression analyses and nonparametric statistics. Results: Testing urodynamic variables for association with treatment effects in multiple linear regression analysis showed that lower volumes at first sensation to void significantly correlated with greater improvement in the UDIOAB after 6 months mirabegron treatment (B = 0.026, 95% CI 0.002–0.049, p = 0.034). Improvements in UDIOAB showed no correlation with presence of nocturia (p = 0.65), previous use of anticholinergics (p = 1), menopausal status (p = 1), any detrusor overactivity during filling (p = 1), phasic detrusor contractions during filling (p = 1), or detrusor overactivity during inhibition (p = 1). Conclusions: We found limited support for clinically relevant associations between findings at urodynamics and subsequent treatment outcomes for mirabegron in routine clinical practice. Our findings do not support the role of these investigations as predictors of outcomes in patients with overactive bladder symptoms.
Perceived Outcomes of Spiritual Healing: Results from a Prospective Case Series
Authors: Teut Michael , Besch Florian , Witt Claudia M. , Stöckigt Barbara
Published: March 2019

Background: The aims of this pilot study were to observe perceived outcomes of spiritual healing in Germany. Patients and Methods: In this prospective case study, we performed qualitative interviews with clients and healers about perceived outcomes of spiritual healing treatments. A directed qualitative content analysis was used. In addition, we applied questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Sense of Coherence 13, SpREUK-15, intensity of complaints on visual analogue scale) at baseline and after week 1, month 2 and month 6 which were analysed descriptively. Results: Seven healers and 7 clients participated, 42 interviews were analysed. In the interviews, the clients described positive body sensations, greater relaxation and well-being as short-term effects of healing treatments. Perceived longer-term effects were related to making significant life changes, creating new meanings, activating resources and improving social relationships. Patients in pain described a reduction of pain intensity. In the questionnaires, the clients reported improvements in quality of life and self-efficacy, to a smaller extent improvements of intensity of complaints and sense of coherence. Conclusion: The results from this pilot study could be useful to choose outcomes of future prospective studies with a larger sample: qualitative assessments combined with global and broad quantitative outcomes such as quality of life, self-efficacy and intensity of complaints could be applied.
Introducing a Specific Term to Present Caries Experience in Populations with Low Caries Prevalence: Specific Affected Caries Index (SaC)
Authors: Schmoeckel Julian , Santamaría Ruth M. , Basner Roger , Schüler Elisabeth , Splieth Christian H.
Published: March 2019

Up to now, indices like the mean dmft/DMFT and the SiC (Significant Caries Index) have been used to depict caries experience in populations with high prevalence. With the caries decline, particularly for populations with low caries levels, these indices reach their statistical limits. This paper aims to introduce a specific term, the Specific affected Caries Index (SaC) for the risk groups in populations with low caries prevalence and to illustrate its use based on the consecutive German National Oral Health Survey (GNOHS) in children. In groups with a caries prevalence less than one-third of the population, many caries-free children (DMFT = 0) are included in the SiC (risk group), which calls for a new way of illustration. Mean caries experience (DMFT), caries prevalence, the SiC and SaC were portrayed for 12-year-olds in the GNOHS from 1994/95 to 2016. The SaC describes the mean caries experience (DMFT) in the group presenting caries experience (DMFT > 0). In 12-year-old 6th graders in Germany, the mean caries experience decreased from 2.4 (1994/95) to 0.4 DMFT (2016), with a recent prevalence of 21.2% (DMFT > 0, 2016). In 2016, the mean number of affected teeth in children with DMFT > 0 (SaC) was 2.1, while the SiC including 12% DMFT-free children in the risk group was 1.3. The SiC fails to reflect the caries severity in children in a population with low caries prevalence. Therefore, the newly introduced term Specific affected Caries Index (SaC) may be used to describe accurately caries experience in caries risk children in populations presenting low caries prevalence.
Calbindin-1 Expression in the Hippocampus following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia and Therapeutic Hypothermia and Deficits in Spatial Memory
Authors: Goffigan-Holmes Janasha , Sanabria Dafne , Diaz Johana , Flock Debra , Chavez-Valdez Raul
Published: March 2019

Hippocampal injury following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) leads to memory impairments despite therapeutic hypothermia (TH). In the hippocampus, the expression of calbindin-1 (Calb1), a Ca2+-buffering protein, increases during postnatal development and decreases with aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Since persistent Ca2+ dysregulation after HI may lead to ongoing injury, persistent changes in hippocampal expression of Calb1 may contribute to memory impairments after neonatal HI. We hypothesized that, despite TH, neonatal HI persistently decreases Calb1 expression in the hippocampus, a change associated with memory deficits in the mouse. We induced cerebral HI in C57BL6 mice at postnatal day 10 (P10) with right carotid ligation and 45 min of hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.08), followed by normothermia (36°C, NT) or TH (31°C) for 4 h with anesthesia-shams as controls. Nissl staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to grade brain injury and astrogliosis at P11, P18, and P40 prior to the assessment of Calb1 expression by IHC. The subset of mice followed to P40 also performed a memory behavior task (Y-maze) at P22–P26. Nonparametric statistics stratified by sex were applied. In both anterior and posterior coronal brain sections, hippocampal Calb1 expression doubled between P11 and P40 due to an increase in the cornus ammonis (CA) field (Kruskal-Wallis [KW] p < 0.001) and not the dentate gyrus (DG). Neonatal HI produced delayed (P18) and late (P40) deficits in the expression of Calb1 exclusively in the CA field (KW p = 0.02) in posterior brain sections. TH did not attenuate Calb1 deficits after HI. Thirty days after HI injury (at P40), GFAP scores in the hippocampus (p < 0.001, r = –0.47) and CA field (p < 0.001, r = –0.39) of posterior brain sections inversely correlated with their respective Calb1 expression. Both sexes demonstrated deficits in Y-maze testing, including approximately 40% lower spontaneous alterations performance and twice as much total impairment compared to sham mice (KW p < 0.001), but it was only in females that these deficits correlated with the Calb1 expression in the hippocampal CA field (p < 0.05) of the posterior sections. Hippocampal atrophy after neonatal HI also correlated with worse deficits in Y-maze testing, but it did not predict Calb1 deficits. Neonatal HI produces a long-lasting Calb1 deficit in the hippocampal CA field during development, which is not mitigated by TH. Late Calb1 deficit after HI may be the result of persistent astrogliosis and can lead to memory impairment, particularly in female mice.
Accuracy in Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Placement: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Analysis of Sterotactic Error in Overlapping and Non-Overlapping Surgical Cases
Authors: Sheehy John P. , Chen Tsinsue , Bohl Michael A. , Mooney Michael A. , Mirzadeh Zaman , Ponce Francisco A.
Published: March 2019

Background: Many surgeons utilize assistants to perform procedures in more than one operating room at a given time using a practice known as overlapping surgery. Debate has continued as to whether overlapping surgery improves the efficiency and access to care or risks patient safety and outcomes. Objective: To examine effects of overlapping surgery in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders. Methods: In this retrospective analysis of overlapping and non-overlapping cases, we evaluated stereotactic accuracy, operative duration, length of hospital stay, and the presence of hemorrhage, wound-related complications, and hardware-related complications requiring revision in adults with movement disorders undergoing DBS. Results: Of 324 cases, 141 (43.5%) were overlapping and 183 (56.5%) non-overlapping. Stereotactic error, number of brain penetrations, and postoperative length of hospitalization did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.08) between the overlapping and non-overlapping groups. Mean operative duration was significantly longer for overlapping (81/141 [57.4%], 189.5 ± 10.8 min) than for non-overlapping cases (79/183 [43.2%], 169.9 ± 7.6 min; p = 0.004). There were no differences in rates of wound-related complications or hemorrhages, but overlapping cases had a significantly higher rate of hardware-related complications requiring revision (7/141 [5.0%] vs. 0/183 [0%]; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Overlapping and non-overlapping cases had comparable DBS lead placement accuracy. Overlapping cases had a longer operative duration and had a higher rate of hardware-related complications requiring revision.
Predicting Risk of Recurrent Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hounkpatin Hilda O. , Fraser Simon D.S. , Glidewell Liz , Blakeman Thomas , Lewington Andrew , Roderick Paul J.
Published: March 2019

Background: Although the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been well described, less is known about recurrent AKI (r-AKI). We undertook a systematic review to identify incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of r-AKI. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science were searched, from inception to December 2017, for quantitative studies on adults with AKI, where follow-up included ­reporting of r-AKI. Two reviewers independently identified studies and assessed study quality. Summary: From 2,824 citations, 10 cohort studies met inclusion criteria (total patients n = 538,667). There were 2 distinct set of studies; 4 studies assessed r-AKI within the same hospital admission (most were intensive care unit [ICU] patients) and 6 studies assessed postdischarge r-AKI. The median percentage of people developing r-AKI within the same hospital admission was 23.4% (IQR 20.3–27.2%) and postdischarge r-AKI was 31.3% (IQR 26.4–33.7%). A higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score was associated with increased risk of r-AKI within the same hospital admission in ICU patients. Cardiovascular disease and AKI severity were associated with increased risk of postdischarge r-AKI. R-AKI (within same admission and postdischarge) was associated with worse survival. It was not possible to pool results due to methodological differences across studies, such as varying definitions for AKI and r-AKI, varying length of follow-up and effect measures. Key messages: More representative population-based studies with robust assessment of predictors and consensus definition of r-AKI are needed to identify risk factors and develop risk stratification tools to reduce recurrence and improve outcomes. Systematic Review Registration: CRD42017082668.
Risk of Pneumonitis with the Use of Different Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Mexican Population
Authors: Dávila-Dupont David , Motola-Kuba Daniel , Dorantes-Heredia Rita , González-Alonso Blanca K. , Alcántara-Velarde Thalía , García-Santisteban Rodrigo , Martínez-Sámano Julio Eduardo , Grimaldo-Roque Hiram Josué , Ruiz-Morales Jose Manuel
Published: March 2019

Purpose: The incidence of pneumonitis reported in previous trials in patients with advanced cancer and use of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy inhibitors was 2.7–3.6%. However, none of these trials included Mexican populations. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis involving 87 patients with advanced cancer who received PD-1 inhibitors as part of their therapy. The primary outcome was the incidence of pneumonitis after using PD-1 inhibitors. The secondary outcomes were major risk factors and radiological patterns of pneumonitis. Results: We found 13 cases of pneumonitis, giving an overall incidence of 15%; three of the cases were high-grade (grade 3). A ground-glass pattern was the major form found by chest computed tomography scans. We did not find any significant risk factor for pneumonitis. Conclusion: The incidence of pneumonitis secondary to treatment with PD-1 inhibitors in our Mexican population was 15%, which is 5 times higher than that found in other studies. No risk factor was identified for this increased incidence of drug-induced pneumonitis following the use of PD-1 inhibitors.
Amnioinfusions to Treat Early Onset Anhydramnios Caused by Renal Anomalies: Background and Rationale for the Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy Trial
Authors: O’Hare Elizabeth M. , Jelin Angie C. , Miller Jena L. , Ruano Rodrigo , Atkinson Meredith A. , Baschat Ahmet A. , Jelin Eric B.
Published: March 2019

Anhydramnios caused by early anuria is thought to be universally fatal due to pulmonary hypoplasia. Bilateral renal agenesis and early fetal renal failure leading to anhydramnios constitute early pregnancy renal anhydramnios (EPRA). There have been successful reports of amnioinfusions to promote lung growth in the setting of EPRA. Some of these successfully treated EPRA fetuses have survived the neonatal period, undergone successful dialysis, and subsequently received a kidney transplant. Conversely, there are no reports of untreated EPRA survivors. This early success of amnioinfusions to treat EPRA justifies a rigorous prospective trial. The objective of this study is to provide a review of what is known about fetal therapy for EPRA and describe the Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy trial. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and genetics of EPRA. Furthermore, we have performed systematic review of case reports of treated EPRA. We describe the ethical framework, logistical challenges, and rationale for the current single center (NCT03101891) and planned multicenter trial.
Serum Albumin Is Negatively Associated with Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Wang Changyi , Deng Linghui , Qiu Shi , Bian Haiyang , Wang Lu , Li Yuxiao , Liu Ming , Wu Bo
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a major complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Serum albumin is known for its neuroprotective effects and is a marker of improved AIS patient outcomes. However, it is not known whether there is a relationship between serum albumin and HT. Methods: AIS patients admitted to the Department of Neurology of West China Hospital from 2012 to 2016 were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Baseline characteristics were collected. HT during hospitalization was diagnosed by brain imaging. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between serum albumin and HT. Confounding factors were identified by univariate analysis. Stratified logistic regression analysis was performed to identify effect modifiers. Results: A total of 1996 AIS patients were recruited, of whom 135 (6.8%) developed HT. Serum albumin negatively correlated with HT. Patients in the upper serum albumin tertile (42.6–54.1 g/L) had a 46% lower risk of HT than patients in the lower tertile (19.3–39.1 g/L) after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–0.99, p = 0.04). Risk of HT decreased stepwise with higher serum albumin tertile (p for trend = 0.04). There was a significant interaction between serum albumin and age (p = 0.02), with no significant correlation between serum albumin and HT in patients over 60 years of age. Conclusions: Higher serum albumin is associated with lower HT risk in a dose-dependent manner in AIS patients younger than 60 years.
The Fifth International Neurological Congress in Lisbon, 1953
Authors: Tychala Christina-Areti , Triarhou Lazaros C.
Published: March 2019

We present an overview of the International Neurological Congress that was held in Lisbon, Portugal, on September 7–12, 1953, the fifth in the series of meetings that became a tradition and helped to establish Neurology and Neurosurgery as independent medical specialties in the mid-twentieth century. Four main symposia focused on vascular and metabolic diseases of the brain and on the parietal lobe. An additional 345 papers were read on diverse topics. The Congress was attended by 982 delegates from 39 countries. A central figure was Egas Moniz (1874–1955), the pioneer of cerebral angiography, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for applying prefrontal leukotomy to manage certain forms of psychosis. Special tributes were paid to Constantin von Monakow (1853–1930) and Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of their births. A satellite meeting was held in Madrid immediately after the Lisbon conference; speakers including John F. Fulton (1899–1960), Sir Walter Russell Brain (1895–1966) and Fernando de Castro (1896–1967) praised the discoveries of Cajal, the neuron theory, and their impact on the medical sciences and on the future of Neurology.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound Biopsy in Diagnosis and Grading Based on the WHO 2017 Classification
Authors: Di Leo Milena , Poliani Laura , Rahal Daoud , Auriemma Francesco , Anderloni Andrea , Ridolfi Cristina , Spaggiari Paola , Capretti Giovanni , Di Tommaso Luca , Preatoni Paoletta , Zerbi Alessandro , Carnaghi Carlo , Lania Andrea , Malesci Alberto , Repici Alessandro , Carrara Silvia
Published: March 2019

Background: One of the controversial issues in the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) is the accurate prediction of their clinical behaviour. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) biopsy in the diagnosis and grading of pNETs in a certified ENETS Center. Methods: A prospectively maintained database of EUS biopsy procedures was retrospectively reviewed to identify all consecutive patients referred to a certified ENETS Center with a suspicion of pNET between June 2014 and April 2017. The cytological and/or histological specimens were stained and the Ki-67 labeling index was evaluated. In patients undergoing surgery, the grade obtained with EUS-guided biopsy was compared with the final histological grade. The grade was evaluated according to the 2017 WHO classifications and grading. Results: The study population included 59 patients. EUS biopsy material reached an adequacy of 98.3% and was adequate for Ki-67 evaluation in 84.7% of cases. Twenty-nine patients (49.2%) underwent surgery. Of these, 25 patients had Ki-67 evaluated on EUS biopsy: the agreement between EUS biopsy grading and surgical specimen grading was 84%. Conclusion: EUS biopsy is an accurate method for the diagnosis and grading of pNETs based on the WHO 2017 Ki-67 labelling scheme.
A Clinical Score to Predict Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Chinese Patients after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Che Miaolin , Wang Xudong , Liu Shang , Xie Bo , Xue Song , Yan Yucheng , Zhu Mingli , Lu Renhua , Qian Jiaqi , Ni Zhaohui , Zhang Weiming , Wang Bingshun
Published: March 2019

Background/Aims: Cardiac surgery-associated severe acute kidney injury (SAKI) is associated with high mortality and poor quality of life. A prognostic score for SAKI may enable prevention of complications. Methods: This observational study of 2,552 patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2006 to December 2011 in our institution established associations between predictor variables and postoperative SAKI from a cohort of 1,692 patients and developed a clinical score that was assessed in a validation cohort of 860 patients. Results: Postoperative SAKI occurred in 262 ­patients (10.3%). We identified 7 independent and significant risk factors in the derivation model (adjusted OR 95% CI): age ≥81 years (vs. age < 40 years, 4.30, 1.52–12.21), age 61–80 years (vs. age < 40 years, 2.84, 1.24–6.52), age 41–60 years (vs. age < 40 years, 1.62, 0.68–3.87), hypertension (1.65, 1.13–2.39), previous cardiac surgery (3.62, 1.27–10.32), ­hyperuricemia (2.02, 1.40–2.92), prolonged operation time (1.32, 1.17–1.48), postoperative central venous pressure < 6 mm H2O (3.53, 2.38–5.23), and low postoperative cardiac output (4.78, 2.97–7.69). The 7-variable risk prediction model had acceptable performance characteristics in the validation cohort (C statistic 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.85). The difference in the C statistic was 0.21 (95% CI 0.12–0.29, p < 0.001) compared with the Cleveland Clinic score. Conclusion: We developed and validated a practical risk prediction model for SAKI after cardiac surgery based on routinely available perioperative clinical and laboratory data. The prediction model can be easily applied at the bedside and provides a simple and interpretable estimation of risk.
Forensic Epigenetic Analysis: The Path Ahead
Authors: Sabeeha  , Hasnain  Seyed E.
Published: March 2019

Unlike DNA fingerprinting, which scores for differences in the genome that are phenotype neutral, epigenetic variations are gaining importance in forensic investigations. Methylation of DNA has a broad range of effects on the lifestyle, health status, and physical appearance of individuals. DNA methylation profiling of forensic samples is useful in determination of the cell or tissue type of the DNA source and also for estimation of age. The quality and quantity of the biosample available from the crime scene limits the possible number of DNA methylation tests and the selection of the technology that can be used. Several techniques have been used for DNA methylation analysis for epigenetic investigations of forensic biological samples. However, novel techniques are needed for multiplex analysis of epigenetic markers as the techniques that are currently available require a large amount of high-quality DNA and are also limited in their multiplexing capacities that are often insufficient to fully resolve a forensic query of interest.
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy as a Novel Treatment for Metastatic and Invasive Phaeochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Mak Ingrid Y.F. , Hayes Aimee R. , Khoo Bernard , Grossman Ashley
Published: March 2019

At present there is no clinical guideline or standardised protocol for the treatment of metastatic or invasive phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (collectively known as PPGL) due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of prospective studies or extended national databases. Prognosis is mainly determined by genetic predisposition, tumour burden, rate of disease progression, and location of metastases. For patients with progressive or symptomatic disease that is not amenable to surgery, there are various palliative treatment options available. These include localised therapies including radiotherapy, radiofrequency, or cryoablation, as well as liver-directed therapies for those patients with hepatic metastases (e.g., transarterial chemoembolisation) and systemic therapies including chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapies. There is currently intense research interest in the value of radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumours, including phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma, with either iodine-131 (131I)-radiolabelled metaiodobenzylguanidine or very recently peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and the most important contemporary clinical studies will be highlighted in this review. The studies to date suggest that PRRT may induce major clinical, biochemical, and radiological changes, with 177Lu-DOTATATE being most efficacious and presenting less toxicity than 90Y-DOTATATE. Newer combination therapies with combined radioisotopes, or combinations with chemotherapeutic agents, also look promising. Given the favourable efficacy, logistic, and safety profiles, we believe that PRRT will probably become the standard treatment for inoperable metastatic PPGL in the near future, but we await data from definitive randomised controlled trials to understand its role.
Focal Adhesion Kinases in Platelet Function and Thrombosis
Authors: Guidetti Gianni Francesco , Torti Mauro , Canobbio Ilaria
Published: March 2019

The focal adhesion kinase family includes 2 homolog members, FAK and Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), primarily known for their roles in nucleated cells as regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. FAK and Pyk2 are also expressed in megakaryocytes and platelets and are activated by soluble agonists and on adhesion to the subendothelial matrix. Despite high sequence homology and similar molecular organization, FAK and Pyk2 play different roles in platelet function. Whereas FAK serves mostly as a traditional focal adhesion kinase activated downstream of integrins, Pyk2 coordinates multiple signals from different receptors. FAK, but not Pyk2, is involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. In circulating platelets, FAK is recruited by integrin αIIbβ3 to regulate hemostasis, whereas it plays minimal roles in thrombosis. By contrast, Pyk2 is implicated in platelet activation and is an important regulator of thrombosis. The direct activation of Pyk2 by calcium ions provides a connection between GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) and Src family kinases. In this review, we provide the comprehensive overview of >20 years of investigations on the role and regulation of focal adhesion kinases in blood platelets, highlighting common and distinctive features of FAK and Pyk2 in hemostasis and thrombosis.
Soul, Afrofuturism & the Timeliness of Contemporary Jazz Fusions
Authors: Solis Gabriel
Published: March 2019

The rise of jazz-R&B-hip hop fusions in contemporary Los Angeles offers an opportunity to reflect on the ways jazz matters to black audiences today. Drawing on recent Afrofuturist art and theory as well as on Amiri Baraka's analysis of the “changing same” in black music, this essay traces out the significance of work by artists as diverse as Kamasi Washington, Flying Lotus, Thundercat, and Robert Glasper, positing that their music tells us that jazz matters not only in itself, but also in its continuing capacity to engage in cross-genre dialogues for musicians and audiences who hear it as part of a rich continuum of African American musical expression.
Keith Jarrett, Miscegenation & the Rise of the European Sensibility in Jazz in the 1970s
Authors: Early Gerald
Published: March 2019

In the 1970s, pianist Keith Jarrett emerged as a major albeit controversial innovator in jazz. He succeeded in making completely improvised solo piano music not only critically acclaimed as afresh way of blending classical and jazz styles but also popular, particularly with young audiences. This essay examines the moment when Jarrett became an international star, the musical and social circumstances of jazz music immediately before his arrival and how he largely unconsciously exploited those circumstances to make his success possible, and what his accomplishments meant during the 1970s for jazz audiences and for American society at large.
Ella Fitzgerald & “I Can't Stop Loving You,” Berlin 1968: Paying Homage to & Signifying on Soul Music
Authors: Tick Judith
Published: March 2019

“If you don't learn new songs, you're lost,” Ella Fitzgerald told The New York Times in 1967. This essay is a close reading of one performance of “I Can't Stop Loving You” she gave at a concert in Berlin on February 11, 1968. The song, which had already become a global hit through a version by Ray Charles in 1962, turned into a vehicle through which Fitzgerald signified on “Soulsville,” or soul, a black popular style then sweeping the American music scene. References to Aretha Franklin's “Respect” and Vernon Duke's “I Can't Get Started With You” are examples of the interpolations included here. The essay challenges the idea that the late 1960s were a fallow period in Fitzgerald's career by highlighting the jazz techniques she used to transform one song into a self-revelatory theatrical tour de force.
La La Land Is a Hit, but Is It Good for Jazz?
Authors: Gabbard Krin
Published: March 2019

The debates around La La Land (2016) tell us a great deal about the state of jazz today and perhaps even in the near future. Many critics have charged that the film has very little real jazz, while others have emphasized the racial problematics of making the white hero a devout jazz purist while characterizing the music of the one prominent African American performer (John Legend) as all glitz and tacky dance moves. And finally, there is the speech in which Seb (Ryan Gosling) blithely announces that “jazz is dead.” But the place of jazz in La La Land makes more sense if we view the film as a response to and celebration of several film musicals, including New York, New York (1977), the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers films, and especially Jacques Demy's The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967). Both La La Land and Demy's film connect utopian moments with jazz, and push the boundaries of the classical Hollywood musical in order to celebrate the music.
Three new species of Halozercon (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae) from Altai Mountains in South Siberia (Russia)
Authors: MARCHENKO IRINA I.
Published: March 2019

Three new species of zerconid mites of the genus Halozercon are described and illustrated: H. tigerek sp. n., H. kazachok sp. n. and H. capitaneus sp. n., on the basis of material collected from litter and soil in the Altai Mountains in South Siberia, Russia. Morphological characters of adults, nymphs and larva for new Halozercon species are given.
Redescriptions and species status of the South African mites Galumna lawrencei Jacot, 1940 and Galumna natalensis Jacot, 1940 (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae), with lectotype designation
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G. , HUGO-COETZEE ELIZABETH A.
Published: March 2019

The main morphological traits of Galumna lawrencei Jacot, 1940 stat. nov. and Galumna natalensis Jacot, 1940 stat. nov. (Oribatida, Galumnidae) are presented based on the type material from South Africa. We consider that these species are not subspecies of Galumna maxima as was proposed originally by Jacot 1940, but independent species. A lectotype for G. lawrencei is designated, due to the mixed-species cotype series.
Merged Cloud and Precipitation Dataset from the HIAPER GV for the Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET) Campaign
Authors: Schwartz M. Christian , Ghate Virendra P. , Albrecht Bruce. A. , Zuidema Paquita , Cadeddu Maria P. , Vivekanandan Jothiram , Ellis Scott M. , Tsai Pei , Eloranta Edwin W. , Mohrmann Johannes , Wood Robert , Bretherton Christopher S.
Published: March 2019

The Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET) aircraft campaign was conducted in the summer of 2015 in the northeast Pacific to observe the transition from stratocumulus to cumulus cloud regime. Fourteen transects were made between Sacramento, California, and Kona, Hawaii, using the NCAR’s High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Gulfstream V (GV) aircraft. The HIAPER W-band Doppler cloud radar (HCR) and the high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL), in their first deployment together on board the GV, provided crucial cloud and precipitation observations. The HCR recorded the raw in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the digitized signal, from which the Doppler spectra and its first three moments were calculated. HCR/HSRL data were merged to develop a hydrometeor mask on a uniform georeferenced grid of 2-Hz temporal and 20-m vertical resolutions. The hydrometeors are classified as cloud or precipitation using a simple fuzzy logic technique based on the HCR mean Doppler velocity, HSRL backscatter, and the ratio of HCR reflectivity to HSRL backscatter. This is primarily applied during zenith-pointing conditions under which the lidar can detect the cloud base and the radar is more sensitive to clouds. The microphysical properties of below-cloud drizzle and optically thin clouds were retrieved using the HCR reflectivity, HSRL backscatter, and the HCR Doppler spectrum width after it is corrected for the aircraft speed. These indicate that as the boundary layers deepen and cloud-top heights increase toward the equator, both the cloud and rain fractions decrease.
A Supraglottic Mass in a Pediatric Patient: An Unusual Presentation of Lymphoma
Authors: Perez Paloma Irizarry , McIlwain Wesley , Winters James , Dhesi Mary , Rogers Derek J.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To present a case of laryngeal lymphoma in a pediatric patient and perform a literature review of this rare entity.

Patient:

A 13-year-old male presented with a rapidly enlarging right neck mass. Work-up of the neck mass included a computed tomography scan of the neck with contrast and revealed a 2.5 cm right level II neck mass and an asymmetric lobulated soft tissue mass in the right pyriform sinus.

Intervention:

The patient underwent excisional biopsy of the right supraglottic mass. Once his diagnosis was confirmed, he was treated with a standard lymphoma protocol.

Results:

Intraoperative frozen analysis revealed a small blue cell tumor. Final pathology demonstrated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the germinal center B-cell subtype (GC-DLBCL). The patient underwent treatment with primary chemotherapy 12 days after his original procedure with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone.

Conclusion:

Laryngeal lymphoma remains extremely rare in the pediatric population. With appropriate treatment, the 5-year disease-free survival remains excellent for germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Recurrent and Progressive Facial Baroparesis on Flying Relieved by Eustachian Tube Dilation
Authors: Cheng Tracy Z. , Kaylie David M.
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

Facial baroparesis is a rare phenomenon of seventh cranial nerve palsy traditionally reported in divers, with only 11 cases reported in aviation so far. It is important to correctly diagnose facial baroparesis given the differential diagnosis of stroke and decompression disease and offer appropriate treatment for recurrent cases.

Methods:

The authors present the case of a patient with recurrent and progressive facial baroparesis treated with Eustachian tube balloon dilation. Institutional medical records were reviewed, and analysis of the current literature was performed.

Results:

A 37-year-old woman experienced recurrent and progressive left facial paralysis on descent from altitude on commercial airline flights, with resolution between flights. The patient flew frequently for work-related trips and for the past 7 years had noted facial paralysis that began with mild asymmetry of the face and progressed to an inability to close her left eye. She denied any otologic symptoms other than ear fullness and pressure causing left otalgia. The right side was not involved. After treatment with Eustachian tube dilation, the patient has been on numerous flights with complete resolution of symptoms.

Conclusions:

This study presents a rare case of facial baroparesis on commercial flight descent that resolved after left Eustachian tube dilation. Although unilateral facial palsy can be concerning for stroke, a history of ear fullness and pressure may suggest facial baroparesis instead. For recurrent and progressive cases, Eustachian tube dilation should be considered for treatment.
Electoral contention and violence (ECAV): A new dataset
Authors: Daxecker Ursula , Amicarelli Elio , Jung Alexander
Published: March 2019

Recent elections in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Iraq, Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan have displayed substantial contestation and violence. A growing literature explores the causes and consequences of electoral contention and violence, but researchers lack comprehensive, disaggregated data establishing a substantive link between elections and violence. The Electoral Contention and Violence (ECAV) dataset conceptualizes electoral contention as nonviolent or violent events of contestation by state or non-state actors related to national elections. The data contain more than 18,000 events of election-related contention covering 136 countries holding competitive national elections between 1990 and 2012. This article describes the scope of ECAV, presents the project’s definition of electoral contention and the variables included, and outlines the coding procedure. We then compare ECAV to other datasets on electoral contention. Cross-national and subnational analyses of electoral competition and violence show that the data are useful for assessing the global and subnational implications of existing theories. ECAV addresses current data limitations by focusing on election-related contention, by using clear criteria to determine whether events are election-related, and by identifying the timing, geocoded location, and actors involved.
Atypical clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis: a rare case without splenomegaly
Authors: Cunha Mirella Alves , Antunes Amanda Ginani , Eufrasio de Azevedo Marcela Mara , Rafael Maciel James Farley , Lacerda Henio Godeiro
Published: March 2019

Clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) usually include splenomegaly. We report a case of a woman from an endemic area with fever but normal splenic size. This is rare, especially in patients not immunocompromised.
The Influence of Classroom Engagement on Community College Student Learning: A Quantitative Analysis of Effective Faculty Practices
Authors: Lancaster James R. , Lundberg Carol A.
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study asked how faculty behaviors and course decisions best predict learning gains for students. Next, it investigated how the identified engaging practices vary based on faculty employment status, course experience, course level taught, and teaching area. Method: The sample was taken from students and faculty at one community college with a Hispanic-serving designation in California. Student participants took the 2012 Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) and faculty took the 2012 Community College Faculty Survey of Student Engagement (CCFSSE). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to identify significant faculty-related CCSSE variables that predicted academic learning, career learning, or personal development gains. Results: The models explained one third or more of the variance in each learning domain. Among the 16 significant predictors, seven were identified as having the strongest effects and served as dependent variables to determine whether there were significant differences in use of these practices among faculty groups. Faculty teaching full-time, faculty with more course experience, and faculty in career technical education (CTE) programs applied faculty-related engagement practices more than their counterparts. In addition, faculty teaching only college-level courses perceived better quality relationships with their students than faculty who taught only developmental courses. Conclusion: Grounded in the study findings are recommendations for community colleges to invest in programs that increase faculty availability to students and schedule courses so faculty gain experience teaching the same courses over time and implement faculty development programs specific to teaching strategies.
Corporate Scramble for Africa? Towards a postcolonial framework for transglocal development governance
Authors: Gammelgaard Johanna , Haakonsson Stine , Just Sine N.
Published: March 2019

Building on postcolonial critical organization and development studies, this paper explores the neo-colonial drive of a global development initiative. The New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition (NA) was launched in 2012 and provides a governance framework for partnerships between donors, governments, and companies that applies principles and practices of market-led growth as means to the end of inclusive development. Through an in-depth, multilevel analysis that juxtaposes the NA’s stipulated framework with the lived experiences of smallholder farmers in Malawi, one of ten African countries to participate in NA, the paper shows how local consequences are decoupled from global goals through governance gaps in both the horizontal and vertical dynamics of implementation. This decoupling of intention and consequence, we argue, happens at the national level of translating global principles into local practices. On the basis of this analysis, we suggest that vertical and horizontal governance must be integrated in one framework. Thus, we contribute to ongoing efforts to improve the theory and practice of the organization of development by introducing a framework of transglocal governance.
What Is the Impact of Choosing One’s Spouse on Marital Satisfaction of Wives and Husbands? The Case of Arranged and Self-Choice Turkish Marriages
Authors: Olcay Imamoğlu E. , Ads Menatalla , Weisfeld Carol C.
Published: March 2019

The present study explored how Turkish husbands and wives in arranged or self-selected marriages differ in terms of the love, partnership, and problems components of marital satisfaction. Four hundred and fifty-six heterosexual couples participated in the study. Indeed, 33% of the marriages were identified as arranged. Marital satisfaction was measured by using the Love for Spouse, Partnership, and Problems with Partner scales (from the Marriage and Relationship Questionnaire), all of which had previously been shown to demonstrate measurement invariance across genders and cultures. According to the results of multivariate analysis of covariance (controlling for length of marriage and education), (a) spouses in self-selected marriages reported more love relative to those in arranged marriages, (b) wives reported more problems than their husbands regardless of marriage type, and (c) the wives in arranged marriages reported significantly less partnership than both the husbands and the wives in self-selected marriages. Results are discussed within a cross-cultural perspective.
Performance-Based Feedback to Enhance Early Interventionist’s Practice and Caregiver and Child Outcomes
Authors: Coogle Christan Grygas , Larson Anne L. , Ottley Jennifer R. , Root Amy Kennedy , Bougher-Muckian Hilary
Published: March 2019

We used a multiple-probe single-case design to determine whether there was a functional relation between peer-delivered, technology-enhanced, performance-based feedback (TEPF) and early intervention (EI) providers’ use of family engagement strategies and embedded learning opportunities. Participants included three coaches, three EI providers, three caregivers, and three children receiving EI services. Results suggest that although peer-delivered, TEPF did increase some of the EI providers’ practices, we did not observe a functional relation. Implications for future EI research and practice are discussed.
Silencing the lncRNA Maclpil in pro-inflammatory macrophages attenuates acute experimental ischemic stroke via LCP1 in mice
Authors: Wang Yan , Luo Ying , Yao Yang , Ji Yuhua , Feng Liangshu , Du Fang , Zheng Xiaoya , Tao Tao , Zhai Xuan , Li Yaning , Han Pei , Xu Baohui , Zhao Heng
Published: March 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) expression profiles change in the ischemic brain after stroke, but their roles in specific cell types after stroke have not been studied. We tested the hypothesis that lncRNA modulates brain injury by altering macrophage functions. Using RNA deep sequencing, we identified 73 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDMs) and microglia-derived macrophages (MiDMs) isolated in the ischemic brain three days after stroke. Among these, the lncRNA, GM15628, is highly expressed in pro-inflammatory MoDMs but not in MiDMs, and are functionally related to its neighbor gene, lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (LCP1), which plays a role in maintaining cell shape and cell migration. We termed this lncRNA as Macrophage contained LCP1 related pro-inflammatory lncRNA, Maclpil. Using cultured macrophages polarized by LPS, M(LPS), we found that downregulation of Maclpil in M(LPS) decreased pro-inflammatory gene expression while promoting anti-inflammatory gene expression. Maclpil inhibition also reduced the migration and phagocytosis ability of MoDMs by inhibiting LCP1. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of Maclpil silenced M(LPS), reduced ischemic brain infarction, improved behavioral performance and attenuated penetration of MoDMs in the ischemic hemisphere. We conclude that by blocking macrophage, Maclpil protects against acute ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation.