bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Devices for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Srinath M.K. , R. Anusha , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Gupta Chitra , Ali Hanaa Addai , Lakhanpal Sorabh
Published: October 2023

The development of multifunctional nanomaterials and devices for biomedical applications has garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential to revolutionize healthcare. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel nanomaterials with tailored properties for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and biosensing applications. We employed a bottom-up approach to design and fabricate nanocomposites comprising of biocompatible polymers, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots, which exhibit unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. The nanocomposites were functionalized with specific ligands to enable active targeting of cancer cells and pathogens. We also developed microfluidic devices for the efficient capture and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using the synthesized nanomaterials. The performance of the nanomaterials and devices was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating enhanced drug delivery efficiency, high-resolution imaging, and sensitive biosensing capabilities. Furthermore, we investigated the biocompatibility and long-term stability of the nanomaterials in physiological conditions. Our findings indicate that the developed multifunctional nanomaterials and devices hold great promise for advancing personalized medicine, early diagnosis, and targeted therapy. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the design principles and potential applications of multifunctional nanomaterials in the biomedical field, paving the way for future research and clinical translation.
Multiscale Characterization of Microstructural Evolution in Powder Metallurgy and Ceramic Forming Processes
Authors: Rakesh C. , Babu T. Ravi , Kumari Vandna , Jayronia Sonali , Al-Saady Fouad A. , Nagpal Amandeep
Published: October 2023

The microstructural evolution of materials during powder metallurgy and ceramic forming processes is a complex phenomenon that spans multiple length scales. In this study, we present a comprehensive multiscale characterization of the microstructural changes occurring during these processes. We employ a combination of advanced experimental techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), to investigate the microstructural features at various length scales. Our results reveal the intricate interplay between grain growth, phase transformation, and defect formation during sintering and forming processes. We observe a strong correlation between the initial powder characteristics, such as particle size and morphology, and the resulting microstructure. Furthermore, we employ phase-field modeling to simulate the microstructural evolution and validate our experimental findings. Our simulations provide insights into the kinetics of grain growth and the role of interfacial energy in governing microstructural changes. The results of this study have significant implications for the design and optimization of powder metallurgy and ceramic forming processes, enabling the tailoring of microstructures for specific applications. This work contributes to the fundamental understanding of microstructural evolution in these processes and paves the way for the development of advanced materials with tailored properties.
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Closed-Loop Supply Chains: A Case Study of Recycling and Re-manufacturing of Materials and Components
Authors: Gopal K. , Begam Shaik Ruksana , Srivastava Arun Pratap , Paul Surovi , Zabibah Rahman S. , Singh Navdeep
Published: October 2023

In an epoch marked by escalating apprehensions regarding the depletion of resources and the destruction of the environment, the notion of closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) has garnered recognition as a viable and sustainable resolution. The present study examines the interdependent connection between environmental conservation and economic advancement by analysing the recycling and re-manufacturing procedures inside closed-loop supply chains. This paper utilises an extensive case study to investigate the crucial significance of closed-loop supply chains in the processes of recycling and re-manufacturing materials and components. Through a comprehensive examination of the complex relationship between environmental benefits and economic advantages, this study reveals the diverse and nuanced effects that arise from the implementation of closed-loop systems in contemporary supply chain management. The study utilises a mixed-methods methodology, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative studies. The study used quantitative data to measure the extent to which recycling and re-manufacturing processes contribute to the decrease of raw material usage, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. The study highlights the capacity of closed-loop supply chains to promote circular economy concepts, reduce waste output, and mitigate the environmental impact of companies. This study provides valuable insights that may be utilised by practitioners, politicians, and corporations to make well-informed decisions that prioritise both environmental protection and economic growth in their supply chain strategy.
SMART Materials for Biomedical Applications: Advancements and Challenges
Authors: Kumar Kodli Basanth , Rajitha Akula , Rao A. Kakoli , Alam Khursheed , Albawi Ali , Sethi Gaurav
Published: October 2023

The advancement of SMART (Self-Healing, Multifunctional, Adaptive, Responsive, and Tunable) materials has had a significant impact on the domain of biomedical applications. These materials possess distinct characteristics that exhibit responsiveness to alterations in their surroundings, rendering them exceedingly appealing for a wide range of therapeutic applications. This study aims to examine the progress and obstacles related to SMART materials within the field of biomedicine. In recent decades, notable advancements have been achieved in the development, synthesis, and analysis of intelligent materials specifically designed for biomedical purposes. Self-healing materials have been employed in the development of implants, wound healing scaffolds, and drug delivery systems, drawing inspiration from natural regeneration mechanisms. The ongoing advancements in SMART materials have significant opportunities for transforming biological applications. The progression of nanotechnology, biomaterials, and bioengineering is expected to play a significant role in the advancement of materials that possess enhanced qualities and capabilities. The integration of SMART materials with emerging technologies such as 3D printing, gene editing, and microfluidics has the potential to create novel opportunities in the field of precision medicine and personalised healthcare. The effective translation of SMART materials from the laboratory to the clinic will need concerted efforts by researchers, physicians, regulatory agencies, and industry partners to address the present difficulties.
Intelligent Control of SMART Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices
Authors: Kumar Kodli Basanth , Govada Srinivas , Meheta Ankit , Dhiyani Vivek , Albawi Ali , Kansal Lavish
Published: October 2023

The investigation of innovative materials and intelligent control systems has been motivated by the desire to provide sustainable energy solutions, with the aim of improving the efficiency and adaptability of energy harvesting and storage devices. This study introduces an innovative methodology to tackle this issue by combining SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysing, and Reporting Technology) materials with sophisticated intelligent control approaches. The system under consideration utilises the intrinsic material characteristics of SMART materials, including piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and shape memory alloys, with the objective of capturing and transforming ambient energy into electrical power that can be effectively utilised. In order to fully harness the capabilities of SMART materials, a novel control framework is proposed that integrates machine learning algorithms, real-time sensor data, and adaptive control procedures. The intelligent control system enhances the effectiveness and durability of energy harvesting and storage devices by effectively adjusting to different operational situations and optimising energy conversion and storage processes. The findings demonstrate significant enhancements in energy conversion efficiency as well as notable advancements in the longevity and dependability of energy systems utilising SMART materials. Furthermore, the capacity of the control system to adjust to various environmental circumstances and energy sources situates this research at the forefront of cutting-edge energy technology.
Finite Element Analysis on Experimental Stretch Forming Process of AA2014 Alloy at 423 to 623K Temperatures
Authors: Lade Jayahari , Baloji Dharavath , Sharath M. Sai , Raju G. , Kalluri Anil , Lakshmi A. Anitha , Memoria Minakshi
Published: October 2023

Sheet metal forming processes are extremely important in the production of many different items. However, the issue of plastic instability, which frequently results in damaged goods, still exists in this industry. To solve this problem during production, it is crucial to take into account a number of factors, limiting diagram of forming. Present case, the Aluminum Alloy (AA2014) has been used to examine its formability at various temperatures (423,523 and 623K) and at strain rates (0.1 mm/s). Stretch forming was used to acquire the study’s findings, and the Nakajima test was used. The findings were evaluated using fractography investigations carried out with SEM. The outcomes demonstrated that as the temperature rose, the material’s limiting stresses became more favorable. Utilizing LS-dyna software, the simulations were carried out. The experimental findings are within the acceptability limit according to this study.
Detecting Cardiomegaly from CXR Images Using a 2D and 1D Convolutional Neural Network-Based Classifier
Authors: Raghu Kumar L. , Sravanthi K. , Sai Kiran E. , Vinith D. , Siri D. , Joshi Sanjeev Kumar
Published: October 2023

A disorder called cardiomegaly has no symptoms. Heart hypertrophy and ventricular hypertrophy are two subtypes of the early symptoms of cardiac hypertrophy. Blowup, include pulsations, tightness in the chest, and shortness of breath. Their fundamental causes and therapeutic approaches differ. Making decisions on when to provide drugs and execute operations can be aided by the early detection of cardiomegaly. Along with the problems with home inspection. Similar to how time-consuming it is and how visitors and mortal interpretations are needed, a supporting tool is needed to automatically detect and distinguish between a normal heart and an enlarged heart.In medical procedures Based on examinations of chest X-rays (CXR) in anterior poster anterior view, this study suggests merging Convolution neural network, 2D and 1D grounded classifiers for quick cardiomegaly detection. The initial feature extraction and pattern recognition tests were performed using the original CXR image is enhanced and undesired noises are removed using the 2D and 1D convolution methods as well as a multilayer linked classification network. The classifier’s performance is validated using K-fold cross-validation after it has been trained using Using the testing dataset, the training dataset was analyzed. Recall, accuracy, precision, and F1 score of the rapid-fire cardiomegaly screening performance are demonstrated by experimental results.
Feed forward Neural Networks for Accurate Thyroid Detection in Healthcare
Authors: Yanamadni Venkata Rao , Bommala Harikrishna , Kumar R.P. Ram , Kumar Avnish
Published: October 2023

Clinical procedures, which require a large number of personnel and medical resources, receive the majority of the current focus on thyroid nodule diagnosis. An automated thyroid ultrasound nodule identification system is built using image texture data and convolutional neural networks in this study. The following are the major phases: The underlying stages in building a ultrasound thyroid knob dataset incorporate gathering positive and negative examples, normalizing pictures, and portioning the knob region. Second, a texture features model is built by selecting features, reducing the dimensionality of the data, and extracting texture features. Third, deep neural networks in move learning are utilized to create an element model of the knob in an image. The convolutional brain network highlight model and the surface component model were combined to create the brand-new knob include model known as the Feature Fusion Network. The Feature Fusion Network is used to prepare and improve performance over a single organization in order to create a demonstrative model for deep neural networks that can adapt to a variety of knob features. 1874 clinical ultrasonography thyroid knobs were gathered for this investigation. The musical normal F-score considering Accuracy and Review is utilized as an assessment metric. With an F-score of 92.52 percent, the study’s findings suggest that the Element Combination Organization can differentiate between benign and harmful thyroid knobs. As far as execution, this methodology performs better compared to standard ML procedures and convolutional neural networks.
TEX – True Exchange (Decentralized Crypto Currency Exchange for Indian Markets)
Authors: Tripathi Surendra , Kotagiri Tarun , Sanjeeva P. , Aggarwal Saurabh
Published: October 2023

Cryptocurrencies have been gaining popularity in India, but the lack of reliable and safe platforms for trading has been a significant concern. This research paper proposes a decentralized exchange (DEX) platform that enables Indian users to trade cryptocurrencies for Indian Rupees (INR). The system uses the Chainlink decentralized oracle network to convert INR to the equivalent ETH, the base currency for trading on the DEX platform. The proposed platform aims to provide secure and transparent trading to users, ensuring that transactions are executed instantly and at a fair market price. The paper outlines the technical details of the proposed DEX platform, including the integration with Chainlink oracles for price feeds and the development of smart contracts for trading. The platform utilizes the Ethereum blockchain and is built using Solidity, a programming language for smart contracts. Finally, the paper concludes with an evaluation of the proposed DEX platform, highlighting its potential benefits for Indian users and its potential impact on the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem in India. This research paper’s findings can guide the development of more secure and reliable DEX platforms in India and beyond.
Speed regulation of PV fed 8/6 switched reluctance motor using optimized controller
Authors: Samyuktha Penta , Swapna K. , Reddy Polu Veeraraghava , Rekha M. , Dhama Sanjeev
Published: October 2023

Due to their low manufacturing costs and straightforward design, Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) and drives have recently seen an increase in demand. In addition to the SRM’s double salient structure, the enhanced nonlinearity in the magnetization properties and torque output makes mathematical modeling of the SRM challenging. Therefore, new methods must be developed to increase steady state performance while also achieving greater speed control and precise dynamic reaction. This work presents an innovative, optimized controller for controlling the speed of PV-fed 8/6 SRM. The DC-DC Interleaved KY converter boosts the PV system’s output, and the DC-link voltage is controlled by a PI controller. To transfer the enhanced DC to 8/6 SRM, a BR ((n+1) Diode and (n+1) Semiconductor) converter is employed. The speed of SRM is additionally managed using a Grey Wolf Optimized (GWO) PI controller. Using a multiport battery converter, the surplus power generated by the PV system is then stored in a battery. MATLAB/Simulink is used to complete the suggested tasks, and a prototype is run through simulation to measure performance.
Integrated Solar Roofing
Authors: Pavan Kumar T.V.V. , Harivardhan M. , Santhosh V. , Vamshi G. , Jugge Praveen , Chandramauli Awadhesh
Published: October 2023

The internal conversion Integrated solar panel is a new type of solar panel that would be integrated into a traditional roof, rather than being installed on top of it. This could be an interesting solution to some of the challenges associated with traditional solar panels, such as the need for a separate mounting structure and the potential for shading. It could also potentially be more aesthetically pleasing, as it would blend in more with the rest of the building. Solar energy has the potential to provide clean and affordable electricity, but traditional solar panels have some limitations. In this proposal, we propose a novel solution: modifying existing solar panels into integrated solar roofs. The panels are integrated with a cement base and a special glass on top of the plate, creating a traditional roof that generates electricity more efficiently.
Fingerprint Recognition for Future ATM Security
Authors: Narsaiah M.N. , Lasya Gangalam , Veronica Kondamudi , Abhilash  , Kirthana Padaga Sravya , Kumari M. Santoshi , Pathani Ashish
Published: October 2023

Today, it is typical to need to identify and validate a person in order to use a safe box, operate a vehicle, access a bank account via an ATM, or carry out other operations that call for the protection of personal information. The accuracy and dependability of traditional methods, such as ID card verification or signature, are lacking. The systems in use at these places must be rapid and dependable. The usage of ATMs, which allow users to conveniently exchange banknotes, is now met with a new challenge: guaranteeing that users can maintain a valid identification. Customers are experiencing financial losses as a result of the increase in criminal cases brought about by antiquated ATM identification procedures. Our system’s main objective is to improve the usability and security of online transactions. Today, the application of biometric technologies is expanding swiftly. Biometrics is used for personal identification. Here, we are allowing user’s access to an ATM by means of a biometric fingerprint scanner. The Bank enters a fingerprint’s information into a database during the enrolment procedure. The bank provides authentication to the customer, which they can use to conduct transactions. If a fingerprint match in the database occurs, transactions take place. The transaction will be cancelled if, following verification, the fingerprint does not match. The user of a fingerprint-based ATM machine can conduct secure transactions.
Influence of Utilization of Fly Ash as Sand Replacement Agent in Sustainable Flexible Pavement
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Saraswat Shivam , Sharma Kriti , Arora Rishabh , Suman  , Khatkar Monika , Dixit Saurav , Hemalatha K. , Gupta Manish , Thangamani K.
Published: October 2023

The current investigation work has investigated the utilization of Fly Ash (FA) in soil improvement and to assess the impacts of addition of various rates of FA on the sample of unsaturated soil. Effect of fly ash addition has been investigated on moisture content, degree of compaction and densities of unsaturated soil by directing different experiments. In the primary phase samples have been prepared with included FA in the percentages of 12%, 17%, 22%, and 27% respectively. Moisture content and densities experiments have been conducted without addition of FA for reference value. Each experiment was carried out with the mixtures having their optimal moisture content (OMC) and their maximum dry density (MDD). With the increase in percentage of water the degree of compaction, Dry density as well as bulk density has been increased up to a certain limit beyond this shows reverse result. Decrease in dry density was higher as compared to bulk density of the sample while increase in moisture content has been observed with the addition of FA in the sample. Addition of fly ash up to a certain limit shows good agreement for utilization as sand replacement or additives in civil application for sustainable applications.
Thermo-hydraulic investigation of two stepped micro pin fin heat sink having variable step size
Authors: Bhandari Prabhakar , Ranakoti Lalit , Singh Bisht Vijay , Kumar Lila Manish , Kumar Kaushal , Joshi Kapil , Ganapathi Raju N.V. , Sobti Rajeev , Jayahari L.
Published: October 2023

To achieve enhanced flux dissipation, microchannels heat sink are being effectively implemented in various engineering processes. Here, a numerical analysis is to be carried out on an open stepped micro pin fin heat sink (MPFHS) with different step size. The stepped pin fin heat sink (PFHS) having varied fin height in an array of two fins having inline arrangement. For the simulation purpose, a single-phase water was used as working fluid with variable thermophysical properties. The present configuration has operated for Reynolds number =100-500, heat flux of 500 kW/m2. The step variation of 100 µm, 200 µm and 300 µm has been considered. It was observed that with increase in step size, the heat transfer augmentation also increases. However, at higher Reynold number, the present studies does not provide effective results in terms of sustainability.
Parametric investigation of coconut shells as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in sustainable concrete
Authors: Arora Rishabh , Kumar Kaushal , Dixit Saurav , Kumar Tipu Rupesh , Kaul Padmini , Chauhan Swati , Kamala Raju Y. , Nijhawan Ginni , Haindavi P.
Published: October 2023

Sustainable construction materials for resource efficiency and environmental effect have grown in popularity .Coconut shells, a waste product of the coconut industry, are plentiful in tropical climates. They are lightweight and permeable, making them an attractive alternative to coarse aggregates. Coconut shells can reduce trash disposal and gravel and sand use by adding them to concrete mixtures. Coconut shell aggregates improve concrete’s mechanical strength and durability, although at a lesser rate than conventional aggregates. Coconut shell replacement depends on particle size, surface properties, and curing conditions. Coconut shells with concrete improve thermal insulation, density, and acoustics. In this investigation compressive and flexural strengths of Grade M20 has been studied by replacing natural coarse aggregates with coconut shells at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight at curing intervals of 7,14 and 28 days. Cubes and beams were casted and then tested and the tests revealed that coconut shells can be used upto 10% in replacement of natural aggregates imparting a strength almost equivalent to conventional concrete.
An analysis of work-family conflict resolution in the IT industry for employee sustainability
Authors: Neha  , Sharma Yogita , Awasthi Shweta , Tiwari Shailendra , Karuna G. , Tripathi Surendra
Published: October 2023

Work-Family Conflict is the concept that has become very prevalent in these uncertain times of pandemic and in these new working styles and setups. The study aimed to understand the response of IT employees to work-family conflicts faced by them during the Covid-19 pandemic giving insights about employee sustainability. It sought to investigate the relationship between the work-family conflicts they experienced and the organisational structure of their workplaces. A descriptive study was conducted using convenience sampling and a total of 132 complete responses were used as the sample data to perform the analysis. IT employees face a considerable amount of work-family conflict. There is a significant difference between work-family conflict faced by IT employees in different working setups, so it becomes important to manage work and family in a situation of remote working during an unprecedented time of the pandemic. For the resolution of work-family conflict, IT employees deal with this conflict differently in different family setups. In the coming times of Hybrid working, it becomes all the more important to understand how employees are resolving this work-family conflict and what additional steps can be taken to further alleviate the situation leading to employee sustainability in the long run.
Sustainable Infrastructure Solutions: Advancing Geopolymer Bricks via Eco-Polymerization of Plastic Waste
Authors: Haq Md. Zia ul , Sood Hemant , Kumar Rajesh , Joshi Sanjeev Kumar , Reddy V. Mallikarjuna , Gupta Manish , Samyuktha Penta , Kumar Kaushal
Published: October 2023

This article investigates the possible synergy between geopolymers and plastics as a method for sustainable composite materials, addressing the growing worldwide need for environmentally responsible solutions. Geopolymers, which provide low-carbon alternatives to traditional building materials, are being studied alongside plastics, which are recognised for their flexibility and lightweight properties. The research emphasises the ability of this composite to attain increased mechanical, thermal, and chemical qualities by investigating molecular-level interaction processes, enhanced material properties, and applications in diverse sectors. Furthermore, the research assesses environmental consequences, such as decreased carbon emissions and energy usage, while also analysing manufacturing and scaling problems. This work lays the way for a unique route in material science, poised to greatly contribute to a more sustainable and resilient built environment, by giving insights into both present accomplishments and future research possibilities.
Waste Upcycling in Construction: Geopolymer Bricks at the Vanguard of Polymer Waste Renaissance
Authors: Haq Md. Zia ul , Sood Hemant , Kumar Rajesh , Chaudhary Prashant , Lavanya C. , Dhaliwal Navdeep , Singarapu Sathish , Kumar Kaushal
Published: October 2023

Geopolymer concrete is one of the new aged concrete that is widely being studied and applied due to its sustainable approach achieved by its low CO2 emission by eliminating the utilization of cement in concrete. Geopolymer is cement less concrete made out of industrial by products like fly ash, GGBS, Rice husk ask , Mine tailing waste etc. or any other waste material that constituent the Si:Al that can be dissolved and polymerise in the alkaline solution. In the present study we have utilized rice husk ash to develop the geopolymer concrete as rice husk ash is one of the major challenge of handling and large emission of CO2. The geopolymer concrete made out of Rice husk ask is tested against all the standard codal provision for the conventional concrete. Compressive strength results align with the special mix design made out for the geopolymer concrete. The Study was conducted at the ambient temperature as well at the 60°C and microscopic studies were performed to analysis the change in the internal structure using SEM images
Performance Analysis of the Impact of Mathematical Modelling and Optimisation on Power Generation Systems Via Renewable Sources
Authors: Okokpujie Imhade P. , Sinebe Jude E. , Ughapu Emmanuel I. , Ogbodo Nathaniel I.
Published: October 2023

A significant component of society’s sustainable development is producing energy from renewable sources. Various energy sources, including solar, biomass, biogas, and wind, must be utilised to their full potential to fulfil current demands. In most nations like Nigeria, there are a lot of rural areas that suffer from energy supply. This has brought up many studies on how optimisation techniques can help manage the sustainability of the supply of this generated energy to such areas. Therefore, this review paper focuses on the performance analysis of several studies on the impact of mathematical modelling and various optimisation techniques on power generation systems via renewable sources. The study review papers from a quality outlet such as Elsevier, Springer, and other quality journals indexed in Scopus databases. On biomass production, wind energy production system, steam and solar energy. The finding from the study showed that the application of real-life engineering optimisation tools and models developed significantly improved the power generation process globally. Therefore, in the study’s conclusion, the authors provided sustainable recommendations on how to apply these models to improve the sustainable power generation process.
Behavioural Study of High Carbon Steel Material in Hot and Cold Working Media: A Review
Authors: Okokpujie Imhade P. , Odudu Efetome S. , Azeez Tamitayo M. , Onokwai Anthony O. , Ahmadu Frederick O. , Adeoye Adeyinka O.M.
Published: October 2023

Due to its exceptional mechanical properties, such as its high strength and hardness, high-carbon steel is utilised extensively in various industries. The way of behaving of high-carbon steel is impacted by various handling strategies, for example, hot working and cold working, which can influence its microstructure and mechanical properties. The review aims to Study the behaviour of high-carbon steel material in hot and cold working media. Also, to look at the effects of hot and cold working on the macrostructure of the high carbon steel and the mechanical properties such as hardness, comprehension, impact tests, tensile stress and strain analysis. From the review, the hot and cold working processes, such as bending, rolling, and squeezing, for the result obtained from the hardness test shows the hardness value for hot rolling is higher than that of cold rolling (it is generally expected for hardness obtained from cold rolling should be higher than that from hot rolling) this may be due to the variations in the rolling parameters. While the hardness obtained from cold bending s higher than that from hot bending, and the hardness value obtained from hot squeezing is higher than that of cold squeezing. The results for hot bending of high-carbon steel show improved ductility and reduced risk of cracking compared to cold bending. This viable finding is highly significant to manufacturers to enable the production of sustainable materials for structural applications.
Non-Traditional Machining Techniques in Manufacturing Industries – An Overview
Authors: Ikumapayi O.M. , Omietimi B.H. , Onu P. , Ogedengbe T.S. , Oluwafemi J.R. , Afolalu S.A. , Akinlabi E.T.
Published: October 2023

This comprehensive study provides an in-depth analysis of non-traditional machining techniques in the manufacturing industry. Focusing on mechanical, electrochemical, chemical, and thermal machining processes, the research explores recent advancements and their implications. The study adopts the action research method to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges associated with these techniques. Through a thorough examination of the machining processes, this work delves into various concepts, including the operations involved in each process and their corresponding outcomes. The analysis sheds light on the significance of non-traditional machining in the manufacturing industry, highlighting its potential for producing complex components and meeting design requirements that traditional machining methods may struggle to achieve. By exploring recent developments in non-traditional machining, this study aims to provide an overview of the advancements made in this field. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these techniques to unlock their full potential and enhance manufacturing capabilities. The findings of this research contribute to the existing knowledge base and serve as a valuable resource for professionals and researchers in the field of non-traditional machining.
Development of heterogeneous catalyst from assorted periwinkle snail shells for sustainable biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Ogunkunle Oyetola , Laseinde Opeyeolu Timothy
Published: October 2023

Owing to the environmental friendliness of biodiesel compared to fossil fuels, its application in internal combustion engines has gained wide recognition. The biodiesel industry requires effective heterogeneous catalysts developed from agricultural biomass/residues due to their overall cost-effectiveness, recoverability, and reusability. Scientific reports on developing active heterogeneous catalysts from periwinkle snail shells for application in transesterification reactions are limited, as there is no evidence of stability test results for the catalyst’s structural and elemental composition analysis. Also, there is a deficit of information on the catalytic effect on biodiesel yields. This research developed a heterogeneous catalyst derived from periwinkle snail shells (PSS) for biodiesel production. Pulverized PSS were sieved through several apertures to separate the samples into different particle sizes, viz. 250 mm, 500mm, and 1000 mm. The samples were calcined in an electric furnace at 500 oC for 3 and 5 hrs. The calcined catalyst samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, and EDS. Purified WCO was transesterified using the CPSS with the highest metallic oxides percentage under different experimental levels. All the CPSS samples exhibited a change in colour and weight loss after the calcination period. XRD observations revealed that calcium oxide (CaO) is the principal constituent of the calcined PSS (CPSS). The results showed that the highest (93%) traces of CaO was found in PSS 500 mm size calcined at 500 oC for 5 hrs. EDS results showed that the same sample had the highest calcium (Ca) composition with a weight percent of 57.38%. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.6% was obtained at optimum conditions of 70 oC reaction temperature, 9:1 molar ratio, 60 minutes reaction period, and catalyst content of 3 wt%. It was observed that biodiesel yields decreased when the catalyst concentration increased beyond 3wt%. Compared to the same amount of homogeneous catalyst, KOH, an average biodiesel yield of 90% was recorded from the same transesterification reaction conditions. The development of heterogeneous catalysts from PSS was established as a cost-effective means of catalyzing transesterification reactions and obtaining high biodiesel yields from WCO with the prospects of possible catalyst recovery and reuse.
Heterogeneous catalyst synthesis from Ribbon vittata shells and its characterization for biodiesel production from Blighia sapida seed oil
Authors: Onifade Moses Tunde , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Madushele Nkosinathi , Ahmed Noor A. , Laseinde Opeyeolu Timothy
Published: October 2023

The global campaign to achieve net zero emissions have necessitated the switch from fossil fuels to biofuels. Owing to the limited resources and high overall production costs, the use of biobased materials has been considered as an economic approach to produce low carbon emitting biofuels. The utilization of heterogeneous catalyst synthesized from Ribbon vittata shells for biodiesel production from Blighia sapida seed oil is discussed in this paper. The crushed shells of Ribbon vittata was placed in a crucible and calcined in a furnace for 4 hr at a temperature of 900 °C to develop the heterogeneous catalyst. The calcined Ribbon vittata shells were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the energy-dispersive electroscope (EDS) to reveal the microstructure and elemental composition. Oil was extracted from Blighia sapida seeds using n-hexane solvent in a chemical extraction process. The biodiesel was produced from the extracted oil using the developed heterogeneous catalyst under selected optimal reaction conditions of 65 °C, 120 min, 2 wt.% catalyst content, and methanol to oil ratio of 9:1. Selected fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were determined using American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The calcined Ribbon vittata shells showed regular rod-like porous particles, indicating its suitability as a catalyst material. The EDS analysis revealed Ca, O, and C to be the significant elements in the developed heterogeneous catalyst. An average biodiesel of 95.60% was obtained from the transesterification reaction. All the determined fuel properties were found to be within the ASTM D6751 limits for biodiesel. The utilization of calcined Ribbon vittata shells as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of Blighia sapida oil is an economic approach to lower the cost of biodiesel and promote its adoption.
Experimental Studies on Hastealloy C276 while Machining with CO2 Laser Cutting Machine
Authors: Madhava Palleboina , Reddy K. Dharma
Published: October 2023

Laser cutting process is well suitable process for the cutting applications of high strength temperature resistant alloys, that are very difficult to cut with conventional process. Moreover, the lasers are widely using now-a-days for variety of cutting operations in many varieties of industries. Because of its complex nature of its operation, it is not easy to control so as to get the desired quality of cut in case of laser beam cutting process. This necessitates the importance of research to be carried out on the various processes i.e cutting, drilling, and welding etc by using the laser apparatus. The research mainly concentrated on the conduction of experiments i.e the cutting operation on Haste alloy C276 with CO2 laser beam. Total 31 trails are done using the CO2 laser beam apparatus. Laser power, speed, gas pressure and focal distance were the parameters chosen to vary. The outputs measured are surface roughness and the burr height which are direct measure to the quality of the cut surfaces. Two dimensional plots are plotted and analyzed the reasons for the increase or decrease of output with either the increase or decrease of input process parameters. Also, 3D plots are plotted to know the interactions.
Investigations into the Mould Variability of Process Parameters in Green Sand Moulds for Mould Characterization in the Casting Process
Authors: Pandit Harshwardhan , Deshpande Anand
Published: October 2023

In this study, the time-temperature behaviour of selected process parameters is established. The paper describes a new approach to understanding the defect generation phenomena in castings by considering the uniqueness of individual green sand moulds. It also explains the changing values of process parameters by experimental investigation. Foundry is the science of experiments. The aim is to achieve the right quality, quantity, and cost with minimum rejections. The casting quality results from several interconnected, dynamic, and complicated processes that are part of a foundry operation. Quality castings are produced by exercising proper control over several process parameters involved in the casting process. Despite taking several control measures regarding proper casting design, methoding and processing, casting defects are still observed. Defect reduction continues to be the primary goal in sand casting foundries due to the same. This paper investigates the essential parameters of the Green Sand casting process for understanding the influence over the generation of the casting defect in green sand moulding grey cast iron components. This study also adopts the time series method of recording the process parameters and finding the values of process parameter sets for individual moulds. The results showed a systematic predictive behaviour of the selected process parameters. By recording the process parameters under given conditions, it is found that they are time and temperature-dependent. Values can be obtained by building regression equations. It has been found that values of per cent moisture and green compressive strength reduce, whereas permeability and mould hardness increase.
Significance of Splinted and Non-splinted Implant Design and Stress Distribution Analysis: A Review
Authors: Vartaka Sohan , Joshia Mrudula , Dhatraka Pankaj
Published: October 2023

The aim of this review article is to evaluate the distribution of the stress in and around the implant. The implants used are short implants with either splinted or non-splinted and are fixed in the mandible or maxilla. This study majorly focuses on in-vivo and in-vitro study. An intense literature review was done of many review and research articles comparing the effect and success rate of splinted and non-splinted dental implants with varying crown-to-implant ratios. Short implants of 6mm length and 4.5 mm diameter were studied based on application and FEA analysis examination for different loading conditions carried out in various research articles. The crown-to-implant height doesn’t affect much while loading axially but the generated displacement and stress concentration factor when obliquely loaded. The splinted and non-splinted have their own set of limitations, although research suggests that splinted restorations have less technical concerns..
Modal and Static Analysis of Vortex Bladeless Wind Turbines with Different Geometries
Authors: Tripathi Anshul , Thakur Sahil , Aggarwal Tushar
Published: October 2023

The renewable energy industry has undergone remarkable growth in recent times, with wind energy assuming a preeminent role as a source of clean energy. Five distinctive geometries were analyzed, including a traditional circular form, a decagonal form, and three sinusoidal forms to evaluate the modal and structural characteristics of vortex bladeless wind turbines. The ANSYS software was employed to carry out both the modal and structural analysis. The vortex bladeless rod was firmly fixed and the mast was exposed to a wind pressure of 15 Pa during modal analysis. The structural analysis was executed to compute the deflection of the vortex bladeless wind turbine under the same wind pressure. The results demonstrated that the sinusoidal forms exhibited the greatest deflection at a wind speed of 5m/s. These findings possess the potential to optimize and augment the design of vortex bladeless wind turbines, provide guidance for future design decisions, and boost the efficiency and dependability of these wind turbines. It is therefore posited that the consideration of diverse geometries in the design of vortex bladeless wind turbines is of paramount importance, and the findings of this study are expected to be of great use to engineers and designers in the wind energy field, thereby catalyzing the progression of this thriving renewable energy source.
A Revisit to Recent Developments in the Underfloor Air Distribution Systems
Authors: Ahmad Shafi , Saxena Rajiv , Yadav Anil Singh , Goga Geetesh , Mohan Ravindra
Published: October 2023

Underfloor air distribution, also known as UFAD, is a technique of providing the space conditioning in offices as well as other public spaces. Because of the substantial benefits which it can provide, it is progressively being regarded as a major alternative to the conventional ceiling-based air distribution systems. This is due to the fact that the UFAD is a technique of providing the space conditioning in the public spaces. This method delivers cooled air directly into the inhabited zone of the building by making advantage of the open space that is created (the underfloor plenum) that exists between the structural concrete slab as well as the underside of a raised access floor system. Air may be supplied through a multiplicity of the supply outlets positioned at the floor level (this is the most typical configuration), or it can be integrated into the structure of the furniture and walls. This paper provides a recent development in the field of HVACs that have employed UFAD systems for improving their effectiveness as well as thermal comfort of humans. UFAD has the potential to assist in the enhancement of a building’s energy efficiency, indoor air quality, occupant comfort, and sustainable practises. The future scope of UFAD is significant, and it has the potential to become a mainstream technology in the building industry.
Improvement of Distribution Network Performance by Optimally Allocating EV Charging Station
Authors: Das Punam , Chakraborty Raj , Das Diptanu , Ratan Bhowmik Arup , Das Priyanath
Published: October 2023

With zero emissions to the environment, electric vehicles (EVs) are the most environmentally friendly mode of transportation. The placement of EV charging stations (EVCS) in the Radial Distribution Network (RDN) is necessary to satisfy the demand of charging in various places while minimizing power loss on the power system networks. In the distribution system, distributed generation (DG) not only reduces power loss but also enhances power quality. To fully utilize the benefits of DG, it is necessary to find the optimal location and size in the distribution system. In this work, the ideal installation of EVCS has been consistently demonstrated in the IEEE 33 bus distribution network. In order to provide widespread charging facilities, the RDN has been split into three regions, and it has been established that each area has one charging station placed. The main purpose is to minimize the Active Power Loss and Voltage Deviation Index (VDI) to maintain a healthy power system network. Adding DG to the appropriate EV Station is obtained through optimization. This problem has been formulated as a problem of optimization for finding the best location to install EVCS in the IEEE 33 bus RDN by using the Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm. The obtained results have been validated and compared using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA).
Distortion control in CO2 Laser Beam dissimilar welds of SS316L to INCONEL625 plates
Authors: Chejarla Kirankumar , Soma Sekhar Reddy Irikireddy , Siva Sankar Cheepati , Chandra Velikinti Chenchu , Yathish K.B. , Vemanaboina Harinadh
Published: October 2023

The paper attempts to join similar and dissimilar joints by employing CO2 laser beam welding. The SS316L and INCONEL625 plates of 5mm thick plates are used. The L4 orthogonal array was chosen for the experimentation. Three parameters are chosen in two levels, and four trials are optimized. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to optimize and determine the most critical parameters. The weldments have undergone visual, X-ray radiography, and macrostructure examination to verify the quality of the weldments verified with full penetration. Distortion in dissimilar weldments may be measured using a vernier height gauge. Simple inspection methods, No-way ANOVA, Linear Figures, and ANOVA were used, and two parameters were identified with 99% criticality. ANOVA shows 95% significance for distortion with welding speed at 51.9%, welding current at 13%, and shielding Flow rate at 12.3% contribution. The welding speed and laser power are significant, while shielding gas is not a critical parameter but essential for the quality of the joint.
Green synthesis for the treatment of type-II diabetes
Authors: Pavani Krishna Kumara Karitla , Kaur Gurmeet
Published: October 2023

Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious threat to human life as till the year 2019, approximately 463 million individuals of age between 20-79 years are suffering with diabetes and it will rise to 700 million by the year 2045. For the testing and diagnosis of diabetes, The WHO and the ADA are using various clinical and laboratory characteristics. Diabetes is a silent killer which cannot be cured, however by changing the lifestyle, losing fat, using low blood sugar medications, and using metformin (biguanide) which helps in reducing insulin resistance, one can control diabetes to an extent. Metformin is widely used medicine to treat obesity. Various short- and long-term problems including premature death occurs in type-II diabetic patients. Due to the late diagnosis and poor medical facilities for type-II diabetes in countries like Africa, they are susceptible to developing diseases that lead to death. This article mainly discusses type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the drugs used for its cure. It also gives a green synthesis of one of the diabetes drug done in our lab.