bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Beta Testing of Serious Game-Based Auditory Training Application to Enhance Perceptual Learning of Speech in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Garadat Soha N.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Computer-based applications became a popular option for auditory training, but their efficacy can be compromised by lack of users' compliance. Serious games are a new emerging field that promotes the use of games for purposes other than entertainment. The purpose of this clinical focus article was to describe the design and development of a new serious game-based auditory training application that aims at enhancing perceptual learning of speech in cochlear implant (CI) recipients.

Method:

Using a participatory action research protocol, three phases were used in the process of development of this application to ensure its appropriateness for the target population. There were eight participants in Phase I, 16 participants in Phase II, and 51 participants in Phase III. In Phase III, participants were required to provide feedback using an online questionnaire after a 1-week trial period.

Results:

Participants' feedback and reflection from each phase were used to enhance the design and functionality of the final application. Results from Phase III demonstrated that greater than 90% of participants in both groups rated their satisfaction with several features of the games 4 or more on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 being
very dissatisfied
and 5 being
very satisfied
. Differences in mean ratings for some features were significantly different between the two groups, perhaps reflecting differences in their auditory abilities.

Conclusion:

Results demonstrated that participants were highly satisfied with several features of the application, suggesting its potential to offer CI users a unique training opportunity by presenting repetitive and structured listening exercises using serious games.
Videostroboscopy Versus High-Speed Videoendoscopy: Factors Influencing Ratings of Laryngeal Oscillation
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Croegaert-Koch Caitlin K. , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether patient voice-related diagnosis, severity of dysphonia, and rater's experience influence the relationship between laryngeal oscillation ratings made from videostroboscopic and high-speed videoendoscopic (HSV) exams.

Method:

Stroboscopy and HSV exams from 15 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) and 15 with benign vocal fold lesions were rated for laryngeal oscillation and closure by 10 licensed speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Raters were divided into low- (< 5 years) and high-experience (> 5 years) groups. Ratings of vocal fold amplitude, mucosal wave, periodicity, phase symmetry, nonvibrating portion of the vocal fold, and glottal closure were examined using an online form adapted from the Voice Vibratory Assessment of Laryngeal Imaging (VALI).

Results:

Stroboscopy and HSV ratings were more strongly positively correlated for patients with benign vocal fold lesions (
r
between .43 and .75) than for those with ADSD (
r
between .40 and .68). Differences between stroboscopy and HSV exams were significantly greater for ratings of amplitude, mucosal wave, and periodicity in patients with ADSD than for patients with benign vocal fold lesions. Raters with < 5 years of experience showed significantly greater differences between stroboscopy and HSV ratings of amplitude and nonvibrating portion of the vocal fold for patients with ADSD only. Significantly greater differences between ratings of periodicity and phase symmetry were observed in patients with more severe dysphonia.

Conclusions:

Differences in laryngeal ratings made between HSV and stroboscopy exams may be influenced by patient diagnosis, severity of dysphonia, and rater experience. Future study is warranted to determine how the differences observed influence clinical diagnosis and outcomes.
Evaluation of orthogonal frequency‐division multiple‐access systems in the presence of carrier frequency offset using wireless images transmission
Authors: A. M. Al Soufy Khaled , S. Al‐kamali Faisal
Published: April 2023

Orthogonal Frequency‐Division Multiple‐Access (OFDMA) is used in different recent wireless communication systems. However, it is susceptible to carrier frequency offset (CFO) which effects the orthogonality between subcarriers and causes inter‐carrier interference (ICI) and multiple access interference (MAI). The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the CFOs on the performance of Discrete Sine Transform (DST) DST‐OFDMA, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) DCT‐OFDMA and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) DFT‐OFDMA systems and to evaluate them with different modulation schemes and different subcarriers mapping schemes over vehicular A and Stanford University Interim (SUI) 3 channels. Transmission of image over the wireless system is performed to analyze and investigate the performance in terms of the Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR), and the Mean Square Error (MSE). Through the evaluation, with CFO compensation, without CFO, and without CFO compensation cases are considered. In this work, Joint Minimum Mean Square Error (JMMSE) equalization and CFO compensation technique is used. It is noted that when the QPSK scheme and the SUI3 channel model are used then the DCT‐OFDMA system provides better MSE and PSNR performances than other systems for the JMMSE compensation technique.
Impact and compensation of carrier synchronization errors in OFDM signals with very large QAM constellations
Authors: Mokhtari Zahra , Dinis Rui , Oliveira Luís , Oliveira João
Published: April 2023

Low cost video sensors used for streaming video signals to help firefighters, require high bit rate due to uncompressed images. To increase spectral efficiency given a limited bandwidth, very high order constellations in high signal to noise ratio regimes can be used. However, noise is not the only factor effecting the high order constellations. These constellations are also sensitive to hardware impairments and system non‐linearities. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of carrier frequency offset (CFO) on the performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with high order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is studied. A closed form expression is derived for the maximum normalized residual CFO that an OFDM system with M‐QAM constellation can resist to have an error free symbol detection. Finally, the suitability of common previous CFO estimation techniques such as the cyclic prefix based technique and the Moose technique in these systems are investigate. The results show that the maximum residual CFO that an OFDM system with M‐QAM constellation can resist is proportional to the inverse of . The results also show that very large order QAM constellations such as 4096‐QAM are very sensitive to even small residual CFO values and their performance degrades, significantly. However, the bit error rate analysis indicate that the Moose CFO estimation technique can be used in these systems to compensate the CFO effect, accurately.
Attention‐based hierarchical pyramid feature fusion structure for efficient face recognition
Authors: Dai Yi , Sun Kai , Huang Wei , Zhang Dawei , Dai Gaojie
Published: April 2023

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have become the main method for face recognition (FR). To deploy deep CNN models on embedded and mobile devices, several lightweight FR models have been proposed. However, multi‐scale facial features are seldom considered in these approaches. To overcome this limitation, an attention‐based hierarchical pyramid feature fusion (AHPF) structure was proposed in this paper. Specifically, hierarchical multi‐scale features were directly extracted from the backbone based on its pyramidal hierarchy, and the bidirectional cross‐scale connection was used to better combine the high‐level global features with low‐level local features. In addition, instead of simple concatenation or summation, an attention‐based feature fusion mechanism was used to highlight the most recognizable facial patches, and to address the unequal contribution to the output during the fusing process. Based on the AHPF structure and efficient backbones, multiple sizes of lightweight FR models were presented, called HSFNet. After an extensive experimental evaluation involving 10 mainstream benchmarks, the proposed models consistently achieved state‐of‐the‐art FR performance compared to other lightweight FR models with same level of model complexity. With only 0.659M parameters and 94.94M FLOPs, our HSFNet‐05‐M exhibited a performance competitive with recent top‐ranked FR models containing up to 4M parameters and 500M FLOPs.
An integrated dependability guarantee provisioning for cluster‐based IoV networks with slicing
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Li Xuehan , Jing Tao , Yu Hengyu
Published: April 2023

High‐dependability Internet of Vehicle (IoV) is essential for urban transit, since it contributes to the safe operation of vehicles, and even to the safety of the entire city. This paper introduces the IoV cluster model with network slicing. Based on this model, an integrated vehicles clustering and network slicing scheme for IoV networks is introduced to guarantee the dependability of different traffics in IoV. The network slicing scheme is proposed to divide the wireless frequency resource of the IoV network into separate logical networks. A analysis model, based on age of information, is utilized as an integrated indicator for evaluating the dependability of the IoV system in urban transit. Asynchronous reinforcement learning with advantage actor‐critic is employed to optimize the integrated dependability of IoV. It is demonstrated in simulations that the proposed IoV cluster incorporating the network slicing scheme can guarantee the integrated dependability of the IoV system. Moreover, by the application of reinforcement learning, the system dependability can be further improved.
Waking the monster: The onset of AGN feedback in galaxy clusters hosting young central radio galaxies
Authors: Ubertosi F. , Gitti M. , Brighenti F. , Olivares V. , O’Sullivan E. , Schellenberger G.
Published: April 2023

Aims. The investigation of the feedback cycle in galaxy clusters has historically been performed for systems where feedback is ongoing (“mature-feedback” clusters), that is where the central radio galaxy has inflated radio lobes, pushing aside the intracluster medium (ICM). In this pilot study, we present results from “pre-feedback” clusters, where the central newly active radio galaxies (age < 103 yr) may not yet have had time to alter the thermodynamic state of the ICM.

Methods. We analyze Chandra and MUSE observations of two such systems, evaluating the hot gas entropy and cooling time profiles, and characterizing the morphology and kinematics of the warm gas.

Results. Based on our exploratory study of these two sources, we find that the hot gas meets the expectations for an as of yet unheated ICM. Specifically, the entropy and cooling time of pre-feedback clusters within 20 kpc from the center fall below those of mature-feedback clusters by a factor ∼2. We speculate that with an estimated mechanical power of ∼1044 − 1045 erg s−1, the two young radio galaxies may restore the entropy levels in a few tens of millions of years, which are typical values of power outbursts and lifetimes for radio galaxies in clusters. Conversely, the properties of the gas at ∼104 K seem to remain invariant between the two feedback stages, possibly suggesting that the warm gas reservoir accumulates over long periods (107 − 108 yr) during the growth of the radio galaxy. We conclude that the exploratory results obtained from our analysis of two cluster-central young radio galaxies are crucial in the context of understanding the onset of active galactic nuclei feedback, and they provide enough motivation for further investigation of similar cases.
Anthraquinone-Catalyzed Photooxidation of Boronic Acids in a Bio-Based Solvent (2-Me-THF)
Authors: Gkizis Petros L. , Serviou Stamatis K. , Balaskas Angelos , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Constantinou Constantinos T. , Triandafillidi Ierasia
Published: April 2023

The phenol moiety appears in a wide variety of natural products, exhibiting biological activity, and in numerous active pharmaceutical compounds. Boronic acids are potential precursors of the phenol scaffold, and a plethora of efforts has been focused in developing novel and green protocols, targeting their chemoselective transformation into phenols. Photochemistry is a rapidly expanding research field converting light energy into chemical potential. Photochemical aerobic processes possess additional advantages to photochemistry and may find applications in chemical industries. Herein, a low-catalyst-loading anthraquinone-catalyzed photochemical process is demonstrated, under CFL lamp irradiation, while exploiting 2-Me-THF as the reaction medium for the conversion of boronic acids into phenols. Furthermore, a broad substrate scope was employed.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Matched Pregnant Women and Newborn Blood
Authors: Haytoglu Zeliha , Haytoglu Eren , Ozlu Ferda , Yıldızdas Hacer Yapıcıoglu , Kibar Filiz , Çetiner Salih , Gulası Selvi , Uysal Gulsum , Gundeslioglu Ozlem Ozgur , Alabaz Derya , Sucu Mete , Celik Umit
Published: April 2023

Objective The factors affecting the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies from mother to newborn and the duration of seropositivity rates in these infants have not yet been clearly demonstrated. The objectives of this study were to assess the levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in women infected in the pregnancy period and newborns born to these women and to search the transplacental transfer ratio of spike-specific IgG.

Methods Seventy pregnant women with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and their newborns were prospectively followed. Anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay was used for the detection of the in vitro quantitative determination of total antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Results Spike-specific IgG was demonstrated in 89.1% (44 of 46) of pregnant women infected more than 14 days before delivery and in 92.6% (43 of 44) of their newborns. Median transfer ratio of spike-specific Ig was 0.87 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.34–0.90), 1.0 (IQR, 0.9–0.29), and 0.81 (IQR, 0.02–1.0) in first trimester (n = 4), second trimester (n = 14), and third trimester (n = 28) pregnant women, respectively. Antibody transfer ratio was correlated with time elapsed from infection (p < 0.001). Peak antibody transfer ratio above 1 was observed at a median 60 to 120 days after the infection from delivery. Antibody transfer ratio was high in pregnant women infected more than 60 days before delivery (p < 0.001). Transfer ratio was significantly higher in the severe-critically symptomatic women (n = 15) than the mild-moderately symptomatic women (n = 55) (p = 0.001). At 3 months, 18 of 25 infants (72%) had spike-specific IgG.

Conclusion Timing from infection to delivery and severity of maternal infection are critical in assessing the antibody generation and transport. Higher antibody transfer ratio can be detected in neonates when SARS-CoV-2 infection is present for more than 60 days before birth. Maternally derived antibody can persist for 3 months after birth.
Results of a Highly Porous Metal-Backed Cementless Patella Implant: A Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Baker James F. , Smith Nolan S. , Likine Elive F. , Smith Langan S. , Yakkanti Madhusudhan R. , Malkani Arthur L.
Published: April 2023

Initial design cementless metal-backed patellar implants failed due to multiple reasons including implant design, use of first-generation polyethylene, and surgical technique. This study evaluates clinical outcomes and survivorship of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a current generation highly porous metal-backed patellar component. One-hundred twenty-five consecutive primary cementless TKAs with a compression molded highly porous metal-backed patella were reviewed. One-hundred three TKAs (82.4%) with 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up were available for review. These were matched with 103 consecutive TKAs using a cemented patella of the same implant design. The cementless cohort had a mean age of 65.5 years, body mass index (BMI) of 33.0, and follow-up of 64.4 months. Indications for cementless TKA were based on multiple factors including age, BMI, and bone quality. There were no revisions for loosening or mechanical failure of the cementless patella compared with two cemented patellae revised for aseptic loosening. Eight patients required revisions in the cementless cohort: three for prosthetic joint infection (PJI), two for instability, one periprosthetic femur fracture, one for patella instability, and one for extensor mechanism rupture. Five patients required revisions in the cemented cohort: two for aseptic patellar loosening, one for aseptic femoral loosening, one for PJI, and one for instability. All-cause survivorship at 5 years was 92.2 and 95.1% for the cementless metal-backed implant and cemented implant cohorts, respectively. Use of a compression molded highly porous metal-backed patella component demonstrated excellent clinical and radiographic results at 5-year follow-up. Longer follow-up is required to evaluate the ability of highly porous cementless patella implants to provide durable long-term fixation.
A direct numerical simulation display of the rotational frame preference of turbulence
Authors: Dunstan Samuel D.
Published: April 2023

An elementary observation of a laminar cylindrical Poiseuille–Couette flow profile reveals no distinction in the parabolic streamwise profile, from one without a cross-stream flow, in whatever reference frame the observation is made. This is because the laminar flow is in solid-body rotation and there is no fluid intrinsic rotation. Hence, the main streamwise Poiseuille flow is unaffected. On the contrary, in turbulent (unsteady) cylindrical axial-Couette flow, the rotational reference frame must be considered, and any observation from an external inertial reference frame can give outright incorrect results. However, even in axial turbulent pipe flow with axial rotation, the resultant effect of azimuthal velocity on the flow profile is still usually too low. Hence, the importance of consideration in the rotational frame is often overlooked. A common misconception in the study of fluid mechanics is that the position of the observer does not matter. In this direct numerical simulation study, firstly turbulent flow in a pipe with axial rotation is established. Then turbulent flow in the concentric pipe, with inner wall rotation, is used to show how tilted wall streak direction is oriented by the rotational reference frame and not the inertial reference frame.
Substrate effects on the near-field radiative heat transfer between two hBN films
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Yang Bing , Yu Kun , Zhang Kaihua , Liu Haotuo , Wu Xiaohu
Published: April 2023

Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) could surpass the blackbody limit defined by Stefan-Bolzmann’s law by several orders of magnitude, which has potential applications in thermal switching, thermal management, and photovoltaics. To further develop the NFRHT from theory to application, the substrate, which could enhance the stability of the structure, is a critical factor not to be ignored. However, the substrate effect on the NFRHT is still rarely discussed. In this work, we investigate the NFRHT between hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films with different permittivities of the substrate. Results demonstrate that when the thickness of the film is 1 nm, increasing the permittivity of the substrate will suppress the NFRHT. In contrast, when the thickness of the film is larger (>2 nm), the high-permittivity substrate could enhance the NFRHT. The spectral heat flux (SHF) corresponding to substrates with different permittivities was investigated. The SHF in Type I hyperbolic band of hBN increases with the increase in the permittivity of the substrate, while that in Type II hyperbolic band is completely opposite. This competitive relationship leads to the above-mentioned phenomenon of NFRHT. The underlying physics mechanism can also be explained by the hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs), which are analyzed by the energy transmission coefficients and dispersion relations. The findings in this work will deepen the understanding of the substrate on HPPs and pave a novel way for near-field radiation devices based on hyperbolic materials.
Shifting agriculture and a depleting aquifer: implications of row-crop farming on mule deer population performance
Authors: Heffelfinger Levi J. , Hewitt David G. , DeYoung Randy W. , Fulbright Timothy E. , Harveson Louis A. , Conway Warren C. , Gray Shawn S.
Published: April 2023

Context Conversion of native vegetation to cropland is one of the most widespread anthropogenic landscape alterations, particularly in the Great Plains region of the United States. Mule deer occur throughout the Great Plains; however, it is the south-eastern edge of their geographical distribution, and few populations coincide with dense cropland. The rapidly depleting Ogallala Aquifer supplies irrigation to row-crops throughout the region, which will likely shift towards dryland agricultural practices in the near future. Aims We sought to understand how cropland use influences morphology, body condition indices, reproductive output, and survival of free-ranging mule deer. Methods We accumulated a multi-year, longitudinal dataset of movement and morphology for 146 mule deer in the Texas Panhandle. We linked seasonal cropland use with observed morphology, body condition metrics, and reproductive output via linear mixed-effect modelling and assessed the influence of cropland on annual survival by using Cox proportional hazard models. Key results Mule deer that did not use cropland at any time during the year exhibited morphological and nutritional indices similar to those that did; except body-fat percentage being greater for mature (≥4-year-old) males that used cropland. Further, cropland use did not predict survival probability. Analyses of cropland use during seasons defined by life-stage showed context-dependent nutritional benefits. Use of cropland during winter following reproduction demonstrated an increase in young (≤3-year-old) male antler size and body mass and summer crop use increased body condition for all males. Female mule deer that utilised cropland before pregnancy had increased probability of successful reproduction, demonstrating a potential capital investment strategy in reproduction. Conclusions Cropland does not limit morphology or survival of mule deer; however, additive use of row-crops can provide a nutritional buffer and enhanced reproductive output for individuals that choose to utilise it. Implications Our study demonstrates important population-level interactions with the environment for a species near the extent of their geographical distribution. Conversion of row-crop farming from aquifer depletion or climate shifts may not diminish mule deer populations, but these changes may alter specific habitat-nutritional health relationships that can influence population performance and future conservation efforts.
Optimal generation of hepatic tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells requires IL-1 and IL-2
Authors: Depew Claire E. , Rixon Jordan A. , McSorley Stephen J.
Published: April 2023

Hepatic CD4 tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are required for robust protection against
Salmonella
infection; however, the generation of this T cell population is poorly understood. To interrogate the contribution of inflammation, we developed a simple
Salmonella
-specific T cell transfer system that allowed direct visualization of hepatic TRM formation.
Salmonella
-specific (SM1) T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD4 T cells were activated in vitro and adoptively transferred into C57BL/6 mice while hepatic inflammation was induced by acetaminophen overdose or
L. monocytogenes
infection. In both model systems, hepatic CD4 TRM formation was accentuated by local tissue responses. Liver inflammation also enhanced the suboptimal protection provided by a subunit
Salmonella
vaccine which typically induces circulating memory CD4 T cells. To further elucidate the mechanism of CD4 TRM formation in response to liver inflammation, various cytokines were examined by RNAseq, bone marrow chimeras, and in vivo neutralization. Surprisingly, IL-2 and IL-1 were found to enhance CD4 TRM formation. Thus, local inflammatory mediators enhance CD4 TRM populations and can boost the protective immunity provided by a suboptimal vaccine. This knowledge will be foundational for the development of a more effective vaccine against invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis (iNTS).
Phylogeographic reconstruction of the emergence and spread of Powassan virus in the northeastern United States
Authors: Vogels Chantal B. F. , Brackney Doug E. , Dupuis Alan P. , Robich Rebecca M. , Fauver Joseph R. , Brito Anderson F. , Williams Scott C. , Anderson John F. , Lubelczyk Charles B. , Lange Rachel E. , Prusinski Melissa A. , Kramer Laura D. , Gangloff-Kaufmann Jody L. , Goodman Laura B. , Baele Guy , Smith Robert P. , Armstrong Philip M. , Ciota Alexander T. , Dellicour Simon , Grubaugh Nathan D.
Published: April 2023

Powassan virus is an emerging tick-borne virus of concern for public health, but very little is known about its transmission patterns and ecology. Here, we expanded the genomic dataset by sequencing 279 Powassan viruses isolated from
Ixodes scapularis
ticks from the northeastern United States. Our phylogeographic reconstructions revealed that Powassan virus lineage II was likely introduced or emerged from a relict population in the Northeast between 1940 and 1975. Sequences strongly clustered by sampling location, suggesting a highly focal geographical distribution. Our analyses further indicated that Powassan virus lineage II emerged in the northeastern United States mostly following a south-to-north pattern, with a weighted lineage dispersal velocity of ~3 km/y. Since the emergence in the Northeast, we found an overall increase in the effective population size of Powassan virus lineage II, but with growth stagnating during recent years. The cascading effect of population expansion of white-tailed deer and
I. scapularis
populations likely facilitated the emergence of Powassan virus in the northeastern United States.
Dynamic phase evolution of MoS
3
accompanied by organodiselenide mediation enables enhanced performance rechargeable lithium battery
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Lv Xucheng , Lu Jun , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu
Published: April 2023

Considerable efforts have been devoted to Li-S batteries, typically the soluble polysulfides shuttling effect. As a typical transition metal sulfide, MoS
2
is a magic bullet for addressing the issues of Li-S batteries, drawing increasing attention. In this study, we introduce amorphous MoS
3
as analogous sulfur cathode material and elucidate the dynamic phase evolution in the electrochemical reaction. The metallic 1T phase incorporated 2H phase MoS
2
with sulfur vacancies (SVs-1T/2H-MoS
2
) decomposed from amorphous MoS
3
achieves refined mixing with the “newborn” sulfur at the molecular level and supplies continuous conduction pathways and controllable physical confinement. Meanwhile, the in situ-generated SVs-1T/2H-MoS
2
allows lithium intercalation in advance at high discharge voltage (≥1.8 V) and enables fast electron transfer. Moreover, aiming at the unbonded sulfur, diphenyl diselenide (PDSe), as a model redox mediator is applied, which can covalently bond sulfur atoms to form conversion-type organoselenosulfides, changing the original redox pathway of “newborn” sulfur in MoS
3
, and suppressing the polysulfides shuttling effect. It also significantly lowers the activation energy and thus accelerates the sulfur reduction kinetics. Thus, the in situ-formed intercalation–conversion hybrid electrode of SVs-1T/2H-MoS
2
and organoselenosulfides realizes enhanced rate capability and superior cycling stability. This work provides a novel concept for designing high-energy–density electrode materials.
Terminological collocations in trainee and professional legal translations
Authors: Leńko-Szymańska Agnieszka , Biel Łucja
Published: April 2023

This paper examines how translation trainees deal with verb-noun terminological collocations when translating a legal text into their L2. The learner data is juxtaposed with professional translations of the same text and comparable non-translated documents. The results indicate that a large proportion of learner renditions is attested in the reference corpora. There is also a relatively high convergence between learners’ and experts’ choices and symmetrical variability. Unattested and inadequate equivalents demonstrate a large variability and low frequency of individual items, which suggests a lack of systematic patterns in mistranslations. The inadequacy of learner solutions is mainly caused by the choice of a collocate and results in information transfer and naturalness errors, with the former being more idiosyncratic and the latter more recurrent. In conclusion, we argue for viewing L2 collocational competence through the lens of genre requirements and professional practice rather than dichotomous categories of nativelike and non-nativelike collocations.
Exploring variation in student translation
Authors: Castagnoli Sara
Published: April 2023

This paper explores the issue of variation in translation, as well as its connection with the concept of “literal translation” and translator experience, on the basis of a multiple student translation corpus containing concurrent Italian versions of the same English source text produced by 35 undergraduate and postgraduate trainee translators. Translation paradigms for preselected lexical items expected to trigger different degrees of variation are extracted and analysed to identify both recurrent and sporadic solutions, whose acceptability in the target language is assessed using the source text’s official translation, alternative professional translations and theEuroparl Corpusas reference. The analysis shows that variation is most remarkable with respect to idiomatic/metaphorical and evaluative items than for non-idiomatic items, but also when a literal translation would not be possible in the target language. Translators are found to generally prefer literal translations whenever acceptable in the target language, irrespective of their degree of experience.
The (inter)subjectification ofbottom linephrases
Authors: Pinson Mathilde
Published: April 2023

Bottom lineoccurs in several phrases, including the [(the) N is] construction. Its constructionalization is more advanced than that of other nouns: it can now be used as a true discourse marker, in the left or in the right periphery. The data confirm the influence of position on pragmatic function. Cataphoricbottom linemainly fulfills discursive functions (summation, contradiction, sub-topic shift or topic-resumption), while anaphoricbottom lineis an intersubjective expression that signals turn and topic closure and aims at pre-empting potential disalignment. However, the cataphoric discourse marker is also undergoing incipient intersubjectification. This is due to the deletion of the copula, which allowsbottom lineto have scope over the interlocutor’s discourse rather than simply over its host sentence.
Making up or taunting?
Authors: Feng Wei , An Leyang
Published: April 2023

Online consumer reviews (OCRs) are characteristic of, and play a vital role in, the sharing economy, the new
business model for (in particular younger) generations of consumers. Even so, discussions of the pragmatic strategies that sharing
businesses employ in response to negative OCRs are still a scarcity in academic literature. The present article makes an original
contribution to rapport management studies by examining both the negative and positive rapport management strategies (RMS; Spencer-Oatey 2008) in the responses of British and Chinese Airbnb hosts to 200 negative
OCRs in English and 200 negative OCRs in Chinese; among the 400 responses by Airbnb hosts replying to their angry guests’ negative
OCRs, there were just 10 negative and 10 positive RMSs. The study also examines similarities and differences between English and
Chinese responses to negative OCRs.
Numerical strategy for solving the Boltzmann equation with variable E/N using physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Kim Jin Seok , Denpoh Kazuki , Kawaguchi Satoru , Satoh Kohki , Matsukuma Masaaki
Published: April 2023

A novel strategy to solve the Boltzmann equation with variable reduced electric field

E

/

N

by using an artificial neural network (ANN) is introduced, where

E

is the electric field and

N

is the gas number density. In this method, the ANN learns the electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) for arbitrary

E

/

N

in the Boltzmann equation. Thus, the ANN can calculate the EVDFs in the training range of

E

/

N

without additional training. For validation of the ANN, the EVDFs in each Ar and SF6 gas were calculated with the trained ANN. The electron energy distribution function and electron transport coefficients calculated from the EVDF quantitatively agree with those from another ANN for a single

E

/

N

and those from a Monte Carlo simulation, proving the validity of the present method.
Possible new phase transition in the 3D Ising model associated with boundary percolation
Authors: Grady Michael
Published: April 2023

In the ordered phase of the 3D Ising model, minority spin clusters are surrounded by a boundary of dual plaquettes. As the temperature is raised, these spin clusters become more numerous, and it is found that eventually their boundaries undergo a percolation transition when about 13% of spins are minority. Boundary percolation differs from the more commonly studied site and link percolation, although it is related to an unusual type of site percolation that includes next to nearest neighbor relationships. Because the Ising model can be reformulated in terms of the domain boundaries alone, there is reason to believe boundary percolation should be relevant here. A symmetry-breaking order parameter is found in the dual theory, the 3D gauge Ising model. It is seen to undergo a phase transition at a coupling close to that predicted by duality from the boundary percolation. This transition lies in the disordered phase of the gauge theory and has the nature of a spin-glass transition. Its critical exponent

ν
∼
1.3

is seen to match the finite-size shift exponent of the percolation transition further cementing their connection. This predicts a very weak specific heat singularity with exponent

α
∼
−
1.9

. The third energy cumulant fits well to the expected non-infinite critical behavior in a manner consistent with both the predicted exponent and critical point, indicating a true thermal phase transition. Unlike random boundary percolation, the Ising boundary percolation has two different ν exponents, one associated with largest-cluster scaling and the other with finite-size transition-point shift. This suggests there may be two different correlation lengths present.
Plasma generation in water using a compact electrode with a semi-covered structure
Authors: Ihara Satoshi , Matsuo Tomoya , Ishibashi Kento
Published: April 2023

This is a fundamental study on a design of a plasma reactor and its electrical and hydrodynamic properties. In this study, the electrode structure suitable for this method and its installation position in the reactor were examined. The structure uses a ceramic tube and a stainless steel rod, making it possible to use high conductivity water. The pressure inside the reactor was measured, and the electrode was placed at a position where cavitation was minimum. Then, the cavitation was observed in a sample of water with a conductivity of about 10 mS m−1, and the plasma was also observed. It was found that about 20% of the total power input between the electrodes was used for plasma generation. The hydrogen peroxide concentration proportional to the input power was observed, and a concentration of about 5.5 mg l−1 was obtained at an input power of 20 W when the volume of water was 1.8 l. And also the energy yield of H2O2 generation was 5.9 g kWh−1.
Investigation of structural, mechanical, dynamic stability and electronic properties of anti-perovskite nitrides ANLa3 (A = Al, Ga): a DFT and DFPT studies
Authors: Kadri Asma , Hiadsi Said , Elchikh Mokhtar , Bahlouli Soumia
Published: April 2023

Various properties of anti-perovskites ANLa3 (A = Al, Ga) are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). The GaNLa3 properties are studied for the first time. The computed lattice parameter of AlNLa3 is found to be close to other theoretical and experimental results. The mechanical stability of the present compounds are confirmed by the elastic constants estimated through the calculations. Furthermore, bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young’s modulus are evaluated. In this report, the dynamic stability and formation energy of AlNLa3 and GaNLa3 alloys are also highlighted. The state density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) is used to reveal the phonon calculation showing that the studied compounds are dynamically stable. Indeed, with a negative formation energy, it has been predicted that the GaNLa3 compound can be synthesized experimentally. Moreover, the electronic properties are studied using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA-PBE) as well as a more sophisticated exchange-correlation Yukawa Screened PBE0 (YS-PBE0) hybrid functional.It has been found that the computed energy band structures within both approaches, that the anti-perovskites AlNLa3 and GaNLa3 are metallic nature. The total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) are also calculated to show in evidence the contribution of atoms orbitals in the formation of bands.
Constraints on late time violations of the equivalence principle in the dark sector
Authors: Thomas Cameron C. , van de Bruck Carsten
Published: April 2023

If dark energy is dynamical due to the evolution of a scalar field, then in general it is expected that the scalar is coupled to matter. While couplings to the standard model particles are highly constrained by local experiments, bounds on couplings to dark matter (DM) are only obtained from cosmological observations and they are consequently weaker. It has recently been pointed out that the coupling itself can become non-zero only at the time of dark energy domination, due to the evolution of dark energy itself, leading to a violation of the equivalence principle (EP) in the dark sector at late times. In this paper we study a specific model and show that such late-time violations of the EP in the DM sector are not strongly constrained by the evolution of the cosmological background and by observables in the linear regime (e.g. from the cosmic microwave background radiation), although the model is not preferred over ΛCDM. A study of perturbations in non-linear regime is necessary to constrain late-time violations of the equivalence principle much more strongly.
Spin-dependent sub-GeV inelastic dark matter-electron scattering and Migdal effect. Part I. Velocity independent operator
Authors: Li Jiwei , Su Liangliang , Wu Lei , Zhu Bin
Published: April 2023

The ionization signal provide an important avenue of detecting light dark matter. In this work, we consider the sub-GeV inelastic dark matter and use the non-relativistic effective field theory (NR-EFT) to derive the constraints on the spin-dependent DM-electron scattering and DM-nucleus Migdal scattering. Since the recoil electron spectrum of sub-GeV DM is sensitive to tails of galactic DM velocity distributions, we also compare the bounds on corresponding scattering cross sections in Tsallis, Empirical and standard halo models. With the XENON1T data, we find that the exclusion limits of the DM-proton/neutron and DM-electron scattering cross sections for exothermic inelastic DM are much stronger that those for the endothermic inelastic DM. Each limits of the endothermic inelastic DM can differ by an order of magnitude at most in three considered DM velocity distributions.
On the applicability of the Landau-Zener formula to axion-photon conversion
Authors: Carenza Pierluca , Marsh M.C. David
Published: April 2023

Axions and photons resonantly interconvert in regions where the plasma frequency approximately equals the axion mass. This process is directly analogous to an avoided level crossing in quantum mechanics, for which the celebrated Landau-Zener (LZ) formula provides a simple, non-perturbative solution for the conversion probability. The LZ formula is commonly used in studies of axion-photon conversion; however, in this context, it relies on the assumption that the magnetic field variation is small compared to variations of the plasma frequency, which is frequently not the case in real plasmas.
We derive a generalised version of the LZ formula by allowing the boundaries to be located at a scale that is similar to the inhomogeneities. We find that the LZ formula fails when the oscillation range is small compared to the resonance region. This failure is more severe in the adiabatic limit, when the plasma frequency varies slowly, resulting in
a conversion probability that is not maximal as opposed to a naive application of the LZ formula.
Moreover, we consider circumstances where the generalised LZ formula does not apply and present an alternative semi-classical approximation with complementary regime of validity.
Gluon gravitational form factors of protons from charmonium photoproduction*
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yun , Zeng Fancong , Wang Quanjin
Published: April 2023

Inspired by the recent near-threshold

photoproduction measurements, we discuss gluon gravitational form factors (GFFs) and internal properties of the proton. This work presents a complete analysis of the proton gluon GFFs connecting the gluon part of the energy-momentum tensor and the heavy quarkonium photoproduction. In particular, a global fitting of the

differential and total cross section experimental data is used to determine the gluon GFFs as functions of the squared momentum transfer t. Combined with the quark contributions to the D-term form factor extracted from the deeply virtual Compton scattering experiment, the total D-term is obtained to investigate their applications in describing the proton mechanical properties. These studies provide a unique perspective on investigating the proton gluon GFFs and important information for enhancing QCD constraints on the gluon GFFs.
GHz bursts in MHz burst (BiBurst) enabling high-speed femtosecond laser ablation of silicon due to prevention of air ionization
Authors: Obata Kotaro , Caballero-Lucas Francesc , Kawabata Shota , Miyaji Godai , Sugioka Koji
Published: April 2023

For the practical use of femtosecond laser ablation, inputs of higher laser intensity are preferred to attain high-throughput material removal. However, the use of higher laser intensities for increasing ablation rates can have detrimental effects on ablation quality due to excess heat generation and air ionization. This paper employs ablation using BiBurst femtosecond laser pulses, which consist of multiple bursts (2 and 5 bursts) at a repetition rate of 64 MHz, each containing multiple intra-pulses (2–20 pulses) at an ultrafast repetition rate of 4.88 GHz, to overcome these conflicting conditions. Ablation of silicon substrates using the BiBurst mode with 5 burst pulses and 20 intra-pulses successfully prevents air breakdown at packet energies higher than the pulse energy inducing the air ionization by the conventional femtosecond laser pulse irradiation (single-pulse mode). As a result, ablation speed can be enhanced by a factor of 23 without deteriorating the ablation quality compared to that by the single-pulse mode ablation under the conditions where the air ionization is avoided.
High entropy materials as emerging electrocatalysts for hydrogen production through low-temperature water electrolysis
Authors: Ruiz Esquius Jonathan , Liu Lifeng
Published: April 2023

The production of hydrogen through water electrolysis (WE) from renewable electricity is set to revolutionise the energy sector that is at present heavily dependent on fossil fuels. However, there is still a pressing need to develop advanced electrocatalysts able to show high activity and withstand industrially-relevant operating conditions for a prolonged period of time. In this regard, high entropy materials (HEMs), including high entropy alloys and high entropy oxides, comprising five or more homogeneously distributed metal components, have emerged as a new class of electrocatalysts owing to their unique properties such as low atomic diffusion, structural stability, a wide variety of adsorption energies and multi-component synergy, making them promising catalysts for challenging electrochemical reactions, including those involved in WE. This review begins with a brief overview about WE technologies and a short introduction to HEMs including their synthesis and general physicochemical properties, followed by a nearly exhaustive summary of HEMs catalysts reported so far for the hydrogen evolution reaction, the oxygen evolution reaction and the overall water splitting in both alkaline and acidic conditions. The review concludes with a brief summary and an outlook about the future development of HEM-based catalysts and further research to be done to understand the catalytic mechanism and eventually deploy HEMs in practical water electrolysers.
The Evidence
Authors: Eidinow Esther
Published: April 2023

This chapter lays out the evidence for trials of women in fourth-century Athens. It starts with the historical trials of Theoris, Ninon, and Phryne, before examining the fictional stories about similar trials. It examines the different sources in turn, and the significance of the evidence each provides, as well as discussing some of the ways in which scholars have approached them. Similarities and differences between the historical and fictional materials are noted, as are the difficulties of obtaining a coherent account of the historical events. The chapter ends by highlighting the final fictional narrative (Plutarch’s story of Aretaphila, from his treatise on The Virtues of Women) in which the heroine gives an account of her own motivations, and provides a little more detail about the social context that prompted her actions: this draws attention to her fear of others’ phthonos towards her.
Narratives ofPhthonos
Authors: Eidinow Esther
Published: April 2023

This chapter explores some evidence for the emotion of phthonos in ancient Greek culture, exploring the diverse ways in which it is employed in different literary genres, and its role in signalling social tensions. To explore this ‘phthonos talk’, it focuses on two case studies: the praise poetry of Pindar, written in the early fifth century, and examples from forensic rhetoric, written in the fourth century. These two studies allow us to see how the perception and expression of this emotion was shaped by the social context in which it appears. By using Kenneth Burke’s framework of ‘dramatism’, this chapter examines how attributions of phthonos provide a narrative of causality that is linked inextricably to social norms and values.
Epilogue: Social Trauma?
Authors: Eidinow Esther
Published: April 2023

This last chapter of the book offers an overview of the argument made across the book as a whole, and then puts forward an additional psychoanalytical interpretation of the factors that brought about the trials of Theoris, Ninon, and Phryne. Drawing on anthropological studies of political violence, and theories of cultural trauma, it argues that these trials occurred within a society in which a sense of unity had been severely and catastrophically disrupted by the events of the Peloponnesian war and its aftermath. These cases were shaped by local concerns: by means of gossip the Athenian community would have identified the activities that it found threatening and deserving of social censure. In turn, these cases can be argued to have helped shape longer-term historical attitudes to ‘magical’ activities.