bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship satisfaction and metabolic health parameters: a cross-sectional study in Burkinabe population of older adults
Authors: Kurniawan Adi Lukas , Schretzmann Julius , Paramastri Rathi , Cho Alyssa , Sié Ali , Fischer Melanie S. , Bärnighausen Till , Ditzen Beate
Published: March 2024

Background

Over- and undernutrition coexist in many African countries and pose a threat to metabolic health. This study assessed the associations between relationship satisfaction and Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), in a rural population of older adults in Burkina Faso. It also explored potential gender differences and the mediating role of depressive symptoms.

Methods

Data from the “Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN) Heidelberg Aging Study (CHAS),” a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in 2018 in Burkina Faso, were used in our study. Hierarchical linear regression models were applied for each of the three outcome variables. Among 2291 participants aged 40 years or older who provided data on relationship satisfaction, 2221, 2223, and 2145 participants had BMI, waist circumference (WC), and HbA1c values respectively.

Results

Higher relationship satisfaction (CSI-4 score) was associated with increased BMI (β = 0.05, p = 0.031) and WC (β = 0.12, p = 0.039). However, the association of CSI-4 and BMI became non-significant after controlling for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score) and physical inactivity (BMI: β = 0.04, p = 0.073). Depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between relationship satisfaction and BMI (β = -0.07, p = 0.005). There was no significant association between relationship satisfaction and HbA1c. These results were consistent across genders and age groups.

Conclusion

Higher relationship satisfaction may lead to increased body weight among Burkinabe adults aged 40 years and older, and depressive symptoms may be a mediator in this association.
The role of animal-assisted programs in physical health improvement of children and adolescents with special education needs - a systematic review
Authors: Kovács Karolina Eszter , Balogh Éva Zita , Lovas Buda , Boris Péter , Nagy Beáta Erika
Published: March 2024

Programs involving animals in therapeutic programs are becoming increasingly prevalent. These programs can vary greatly in their approach, scope, and objectives, and they can significantly impact the development of healthy children and those with various disorders. In this systematic review, we sought to investigate the psychological ramifications of animal-assisted activities (AAA), therapies (AAT), and interventions (AAI). We searched for relevant studies using the EBSCO Discovery Service search engine across 85 databases, utilising appropriate keywords. Our search generated 262 results, of which 21 were selected for inclusion after title and abstract screening, as well as full-text analysis. Our findings indicate that dogs and horses are animal-assisted programs’ most commonly used animals. Additionally, autism, cerebral palsy, and ADHD were found to be overrepresented in these programs. Furthermore, the length of sessions and overall program duration exhibited considerable variation, regardless of patient age or disease type. The principal measures centred on the physiological variables related to the nervous system and motorium-related indicators. The studies were generally of exceptional methodological soundness. Frequently, the studies narrowed their scope to a single segment or just the child or adolescent, but the outcomes lacked contextual interpretation. Expanding the range of studies by comparing psychological and physiological indicators and conducting follow-up analysis with a longitudinal design would be beneficial.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgery in the elderly population in Sweden
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Schedin-Weiss Sophia , Tjernberg Lars , Winblad Bengt
Published: March 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a refocus of health care resources to acute care which has impacted on the capacity of healthcare systems to conduct neurological surgeries. The elderly population has been shown to be particularly vulnerable to the consequences of the pandemic. Less neurosurgery can result in great impact on public health by increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies and traumatic injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgical procedures in the elderly population in Sweden.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, the reported incidence of all neurosurgical procedures registered in the 21 Regions of Sweden during 2015–2021 in people aged 65 year or older was collected. Surgical procedures were classified according to the NOMESCO system of classification. Neurosurgery incidence was defined as the number of NOMESCO associated interventions per 100.000 inhabitants. ICD-10 codes associated with neurosurgery-related diagnoses and deaths were also collected. Expected incidence of neurosurgery, neurosurgery-associated deaths and brain cancer diagnoses was estimated and compared to actual outcomes. Decrease in the incidence of neurosurgery was compared to regional COVID-19 incidence, other types of surgery and surgery waiting times.

Results

The incidence of several categories of neurosurgery decreased in Sweden during 2020 and 2021, although not as much as other surgical categories. Women were more affected than men by the decrease in neurosurgery which could be partly explained by a decrease in brain cancer diagnoses amongst women. There was an association between regional decrease in neurosurgery incidence and longer surgery waiting time. COVID-19 incidence in the region did not have an effect on regional decreases in neurosurgery incidence.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a reduction in the number of neurosurgical procedures performed in Sweden during 2020–2021, although not as much as in other European countries. There was regional difference in Sweden with respect to number of surgeries, and waiting time for elective surgeries although there was no increase in mortality.
Patient education needs in severe asthma, a pilot study
Authors: Laurence Rodolphe , Ancel Julien , Devilliers Maëva A. , Carre Sophie , Dury Sandra , Dormoy Valérian , Deslée Gaëtan , Perotin Jeanne-Marie
Published: March 2024

Background

Severe asthma is characterized by frequent exacerbations, altered lung function, and impaired quality of life. Tailored patient education allows for the improvement of both asthma management and quality of life. Our study aimed to assess the needs of severe asthma patient in therapeutic education, according to previous therapeutic patient education background and asthma phenotype.

Methods

Consecutive patients monitored for severe asthma in a tertiary referral center were considered for inclusion and answered a questionnaire detailing their patient education needs and the topics they would like to discuss. Asthma history, clinical and biological data, and lung function results were recorded.

Results

Fifty-three patients were included and 47 (88.7%) expressed at least one need. The most frequently selected topics were “life with asthma” (83%), “treatment use” (68%), and “exacerbation management” (60%), independent of previous participation in a patient education program dedicated to asthma. Patients of older age at inclusion, uncontrolled asthma, and T2-high phenotypes were associated with different profiles of patient education needs.

Conclusion

Our study identified frequent and various patient educational needs among severe asthmatics, highlighting the importance of an in-depth assessment of severe asthmatics expectations and the crucial need for the development of dedicated educational tools.
Women’s decision process when actively choosing to ‘go flat’ after breast cancer: a constructivist grounded theory study
Authors: Paganini Anna , Westesson Linda Myrin , Hansson Emma , Karlsson Susanne Ahlstedt
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aims to describe a conceptual model that could illuminate the decision process women go through when choosing to go flat on one or both sides due to breast cancer.

Methods

A qualitative design, with constructivist grounded theory was used. Eighteen women were individually interviewed, digitally or by telephone, until saturation was reached. Data were analysed using a constant comparative iterative method in accordance with grounded theory. By examining the text data to identify the decision process for going flat and rejecting reconstructive surgery open coding was obtained. As the study proceeded patterns were explored and categories developed into a core category.

Results

The overall decision process for women choosing to go flat on one or both sides emerged in three phases: Phase 1, where the women are forced to “Face the cancer”, Phase 2 comprising “Reflections on health and motivation” and Phase 3, described as “Hobson’s choice”. The fundament of the decision process was found in the core category “Establishing and safeguarding the chosen self”.

Conclusions

The decision process involved in actively going flat and rejecting reconstructive surgery is founded in the individual woman’s motivations, such as view of femininity and apprehensions about the offered reconstructive surgery.
Daoyin therapy in chronic neck pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Xiangxu , Zhu Mingze , Li Wei , Wang Daan , Liu Jing
Published: March 2024

Background

Daoyin therapy (DT), an ancient therapeutic approach with a history spanning thousands of years, has traditionally been employed to address musculoskeletal pain and psychosomatic disorders. However, the application of DT for chronic neck pain (CNP) has received limited attention in the existing literature, and systematic randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in this context remain scarce. This manuscript outlines an RCT protocol designed to investigate whether DT is more effective at alleviating CNP in adult individuals compared to other interventions.

Methods

A 12-week RCT was conducted, with participants undergoing randomization into one of three groups: DT, Meditation + Fitness Exercise (M+FE), or a control group. Participants in the DT and M + FE groups attended their respective training classes three times per week for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group were required to attend health education workshops every 2 weeks. Following the 12-week intervention period, all participants underwent follow-up assessments at the 16th week. Outcome measures encompassed the Simplified Chinese Neck Pain and Disability Scale (SC-NPAD) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain assessment, Static Neck Posture Assessment (SNPA) to evaluate neck and shoulder posture and function, Short Form-36 (SF-36) to assess quality of life, and blood tests measuring 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Norepinephrine/Noradrenaline (NE/NA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Adreno-Cortico-Tropic-Hormone (ACTH), β-Endorphin (β-EP), and Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) levels via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Brain activity changes were monitored through MRI scans. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) will be used to evaluate the outcomes at baseline, at the 12th week, and at the 16th week. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models will be applied to analyze changes in outcomes over time and differences between groups.

Discussion

This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of DT in comparison to other interventions and explore the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying its effects in adults with CNP. If the intervention and procedures demonstrate feasibility and acceptability, there are plans to conduct a more extensive controlled trial. This could potentially pave the way for the broader application of DT, not only in the context of CNP but also for other chronic diseases.

Trial registration

This trial has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration ID: [ChiCTR2400079571]).
Comparison of three-dimensional heads-up system versus traditional microscopic system in medical education for vitreoretinal surgeries: a prospective study
Authors: Zhao Xin-yu , Zhao Qing , Li Ning-ning , Wang Chu-ting , Wang Yin-han , Meng Li-hui , Min Han-yi , Chen You-xin
Published: March 2024

Background

To compare the value and efficiency of the three-dimensional (3D) heads-up surgical system and traditional microscopic (TM) system in teaching and learning vitreoretinal surgeries.

Methods

Twenty ophthalmologists and scrub nurses were recruited as teachers, and 45 junior ophthalmology residents and trainee doctors, trainee nurses, and medical students were recruited as observers. Each teacher and observer were assigned to both a 3D-assisted and TM-assisted vitreoretinal surgery and then asked to complete satisfaction questionnaires for both surgical systems at the end of each surgery.

Results

The 3D heads-up surgical system was rated significantly higher in most of the subscales and overall satisfaction score by both teachers and observers (P < 0.05). However, ratings for instrument adjustment were significantly higher in the TM group compared to the 3D group for junior ophthalmology residents and trainee doctors (6.1 ± 1.7 vs. 8.8 ± 1.1, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The 3D heads-up surgical system has great didactical value in the medical education of vitreoretinal surgeries, but it is important to consider the specific needs of different learners when choosing between the two systems.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
Communicating the results of risk-based breast cancer screening through visualizations of risk: a participatory design approach
Authors: van Strien-Knippenberg Inge S. , Arjangi-Babetti Hannah , Timmermans Danielle R. M. , Schrauwen Laura , Fransen Mirjam P. , Melles Marijke , Damman Olga C.
Published: March 2024

Background

Risk-based breast cancer (BC) screening raises new questions regarding information provision and risk communication. This study aimed to: 1) investigate women’s beliefs and knowledge (i.e., mental models) regarding BC risk and (risk-based) BC screening in view of implications for information development; 2) develop novel informational materials to communicate the screening result in risk-based BC screening, including risk visualizations of both quantitative and qualitative information, from a Human-Centered Design perspective.

Methods

Phase 1: Interviews were conducted (n = 15, 40–50 years, 5 lower health literate) on women’s beliefs about BC risk and (risk-based) BC screening. Phase 2: In three participatory design sessions, women (n = 4–6 across sessions, 40–50 years, 2–3 lower health literate) made assignments and created and evaluated visualizations of risk information central to the screening result. Prototypes were evaluated in two additional sessions (n = 2, 54–62 years, 0–1 lower health literate). Phase 3: Experts (n = 5) and women (n = 9, 40–74 years) evaluated the resulting materials. Two other experts were consulted throughout the development process to ensure that the content of the information materials was accurate. Interviews were transcribed literally and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis, focusing on implications for information development. Notes, assignments and materials from the participatory design sessions were summarized and main themes were identified.

Results

Women in both interviews and design sessions were positive about risk-based BC screening, especially because personal risk factors would be taken into account. However, they emphasized that the rationale of risk-based screening and classification into a risk category should be clearly stated and visualized, especially for higher- and lower-risk categories (which may cause anxiety or feelings of unfairness due to a lower screening frequency). Women wanted to know their personal risk, preferably visualized in an icon array, and wanted advice on risk reduction and breast self-examination. However, most risk factors were considered modifiable by women, and the risk factor breast density was not known, implying that information should emphasize that BC risk depends on multiple factors, including breast density.

Conclusions

The information materials, including risk visualizations of both quantitative and qualitative information, developed from a Human-Centered Design perspective and a mental model approach, were positively evaluated by the target group.
Nurses’ motivation for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Najafi Mozhdeh , Yadollahi Safoura , Maghami Mahboobeh , Azizi-Fini Ismail
Published: March 2024

Background

Nurse motivation can have a significant impact on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the patients’ survival. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine nurses’ motivation for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods

This cross-sectional study focused on 217 nurses in a teaching hospital in Iran, in 2023. A random sample of nurses was selected from four hospital departments (emergency, critical care, medical, and surgery). These nurses completed the demographic information and motivation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Spearman coefficients, and Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression tests.

Results

The mean score of the dimension of the feeling of achievement (4.10 ± 0.50) was high in the nurses’ motivation for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. There were more motivational factors in the emergency department compared to the other departments in terms of the feeling of achievement, high chance of success, low chances of success, recognition and appreciation, perceived importance, and beliefs (p < 0.05). The nurses who had participated in cardiopulmonary resuscitation workshops and had a bachelor’s degree had a higher mean score in the dimension of perceived importance (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the nurses’ frequency of participation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and their motivation scores in the dimensions of the feeling of achievement(r=-0.170), low chances of success(r=-0.183), perceived importance (r= -0.302), and beliefs (r= -0.250;p < 0.05). The department variable predicted the motivation score in the dimensions of feeling of achievement, high chance of success, low chance of success, perceived importance, and beliefs. The sex variable predicted the motivation score in the dimensions of facilitator of resuscitation and high chance of success. Besides, the variable of years of membership in the CPR team predicted the motivation score in the feeling of achievement and high chance of success (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nurses would be more motivated to perform a quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation if they had a feeling of success. The nurses’ motivation was affected by certain factors such as their department, sex, education level, years of membership in CPR team, number of participation in CPR, and participation in educational workshops.
Fluid professional boundaries: ethnographic observations of co-located chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists
Authors: Toloui-Wallace Joshua , Forbes Roma , Thomson Oliver P. , Costa Nathalia
Published: March 2024

Background

Chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists (COPs) can assess and manage musculoskeletal conditions with similar manual or physical therapy techniques. This overlap in scope of practice raises questions about the boundaries between the three professions. Clinical settings where they are co-located are one of several possible influences on professional boundaries and may provide insight into the nature of these boundaries and how they are managed by clinicians themselves.

Objectives

To understand the nature of professional boundaries between COPs within a co-located clinical environment and describe the ways in which professional boundaries may be reinforced, weakened, or navigated in this environment.

Methods

Drawing from an interpretivist paradigm, we used ethnographic observations to observe interactions between 15 COPs across two clinics. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis principles.

Results

We identified various physical and non-physical ‘boundary objects’ that influenced the nature of the professional boundaries between the COPs that participated in the study. These boundary objects overall seemed to increase the fluidity of the professional boundaries, at times simultaneously reinforcing and weakening them. The boundary objects were categorised into three themes: physical, including the clinic’s floor plan, large and small objects; social, including identities and discourse; and organisational, including appointment durations and fees, remuneration policies and insurance benefits.

Conclusions

Physical, social, organisational related factors made the nature of professional boundaries between COPs in these settings fluid; meaning that they were largely not rigid or fixed but rather flexible, responsive and subject to change. These findings may challenge patients, clinicians and administrators to appreciate that traditional beliefs of distinct boundaries between COPs may not be so in co-located clinical environments. Both clinical practice and future research on professional boundaries between COPs may need to further consider some of these broader factors.
Dietary microalgal-fabricated selenium nanoparticles improve Nile tilapia biochemical indices, immune-related gene expression, and intestinal immunity
Authors: Zahran Eman , Elbahnaswy Samia , Ahmed Fatma , Risha Engy , Mansour Abdallah Tageldein , Alqahtani Arwa sultan , Awadin Walaa , Sebaei Mahmoud G. El
Published: March 2024

Background

Feed supplements, including essential trace elements are believed to play an important role in augmenting fish immune response. In this context, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in fish diets via a green biosynthesis strategy have attracted considerable interest. In this investigation, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, 79.26 nm) synthesized from the green microalga Pediastrum boryanum were incorporated into Nile tilapia diets to explore its beneficial effects on the immune defense and intestinal integrity, in comparison with control basal diets containing inorganic Se source. Nile tilapia (No. 180, 54–57 g) were fed on three formulated diets at concentrations of 0, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/kg of SeNPs for 8 weeks. After the trial completion, tissue bioaccumulation, biochemical indices, antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes, and intestinal histological examination were analyzed.

Results

Our finding revealed that dietary SeNPs significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cholesterol, while increasing (P < 0.05) high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The Se concentration in the muscle tissues showed a dose-dependent increase. SeNPs at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg significantly upregulated intestinal interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) gene transcription compared with the control diet. Glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) genes were significantly upregulated in both SeNPs-supplemented groups compared with the control. No apoptotic changes or cell damages were observed as indicated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 gene expression and evidenced histopathologically. SeNPs supplementation positively affects mucin-producing goblet cells (GCs), particularly at dose of 1.5 mg/kg.

Conclusion

Therefore, these results suggest that Green synthesized SeNPs supplementation has promising effects on enhancing Nile tilapia immunity and maintaining their intestinal health.
Prevalence and prognostic significance of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in community-based people with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Davis Timothy M. E. , Tan Eva , Davis Wendy A.
Published: March 2024

Background

There is a paucity of contemporary data on the prevalence and prognostic significance of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) from community-based cohorts with type 2 diabetes assessed using gold standard methods. The aim of this study was to assess these aspects of CAN in the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2).

Methods

FDS2 participants were screened at baseline using standardised cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs) of heart rate variation during deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre and standing. CAN (no/possible/definite) was assessed from the number of abnormal CARTs. Multinomial regression identified independent associates of CAN status. Cox proportional hazards modelling determined independent baseline predictors of incident heart failure (HF) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and all-cause mortality.

Results

Of 1254 participants assessed for CAN, 86 (6.9%) were outside CART age reference ranges and valid CART data were unavailable for 338 (27.0%). Of the remaining 830 (mean age 62.3 years, 55.3% males, median diabetes duration 7.3 years), 51.0%, 33.7% and 15.3% had no, possible or definite CAN, respectively. Independent associates of definite CAN (longer diabetes duration, higher body mass index and resting pulse rate, antidepressant and antihypertensive therapies, albuminuria, distal sensory polyneuropathy, prior HF) were consistent with those reported previously. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, definite CAN was associated with a lower likelihood of incident IHD and HF versus no/possible CAN (P < 0.001) and there was a graded increase in all-cause mortality risk from no CAN to possible and definite CAN (P < 0.001). When CAN category was added to the most parsimonious models, it was not a significant independent predictor of IHD (P ≥ 0.851) or HF (P ≥ 0.342). Possible CAN (hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.47 (1.01, 2.14), P = 0.046) and definite CAN (2.42 (1.60, 3.67), P < 0.001) increased the risk of all-cause mortality versus no CAN.

Conclusions

Routine screening for CAN in type 2 diabetes has limited clinical but some prognostic value.
Power imbalances and equity in the day-to-day functioning of a north plus multi-south higher education institutions partnership: a case study
Authors: Luthuli Silondile , Daniel Marguerite , Corbin J. Hope
Published: March 2024

Background

Partnerships between Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the global north and south have commonly been used as a vehicle to drive global health research and initiatives. Among these initiatives, include health system strengthening, research capacity building, and human resource training in developing countries. However, the partnership functioning of many global north-south partnerships still carry legacies of colonialism through unrecognized behavior patterns, attitudes, and belief systems in how they function. Even with research literature calling for a shift from equality to equity in the functioning of these partnerships, many still struggle with issues of complex and unspoken power dynamics. To understand the successes and challenges of north-south partnerships, this paper explored partnership development and functioning of a northern and multi-southern HEIs partnership focused on nutrition education and research.

Methods

A qualitative research approach was used; data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs) with questions developed from the Bergen Model of Collective Functioning (BMCF). Thirteen IDIs were conducted with partners from all institutions including stakeholders.

Findings

The partnership was built on the foundation of experiences and lessons of a previous partnership. Partners used these experiences and lessons to devise strategies to improve partnership inputs, communication, leadership, roles and structures, and maintenance and communication tasks. However, these strategies had an impact on partnership functioning giving rise to issues of inequitable power dynamics. The northern partner had two roles: one as an equal partner and another as distributor of project funds; this caused a conflict in roles for this partner. The partners distinguished themselves according to partner resources – two partners were named implementing partners and two named supportive partners. Roles and partner resources were the greatest contributors to power imbalances and caused delays in project activities.

Conclusion

Using the BMCF to examine partnership dynamics illuminated that power imbalances caused a hierarchical stance in the partnership with northern partners having overall control and power of decision-making in the partnership. This could impact the effectiveness and sustainability of project in the southern institutions going forward.
Identification of therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis by combining heterogeneous transcriptional datasets, drug-induced expression profiles, and known drug-target interactions
Authors: Costa Maria Claudia , Angelini Claudia , Franzese Monica , Iside Concetta , Salvatore Marco , Laezza Luigi , Napolitano Francesco , Ceccarelli Michele
Published: March 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial, hypertrophic, and degenerative condition involving the whole joint and affecting a high percentage of middle-aged people. It is due to a combination of factors, although the pivotal mechanisms underlying the disease are still obscure. Moreover, current treatments are still poorly effective, and patients experience a painful and degenerative disease course.

Methods

We used an integrative approach that led us to extract aconsensussignature from a meta-analysis of three different OA cohorts. We performed a network-based drug prioritization to detect the most relevant drugs targeting these genes and validated in vitro the most promising candidates. We also proposed a risk score based on a minimal set of genes to predict the OA clinical stage from RNA-Seq data.

Results

We derived aconsensussignature of 44 genes that we validated on an independent dataset. Using network analysis, we identified Resveratrol, Tenoxicam, Benzbromarone, Pirinixic Acid, and Mesalazine as putative drugs of interest for therapeutics in OA for anti-inflammatory properties. We also derived a list of seven gene-targets validated with functional RT-qPCR assays, confirming the in silico predictions. Finally, we identified a predictive subset of genes composed ofDNER, TNFSF11, THBS3, LOXL3, TSPAN2, DYSF, ASPNandHTRA1to compute the patient’s risk score. We validated this risk score on an independent dataset with a high AUC (0.875) and compared it with the same approach computed using the entireconsensussignature (AUC 0.922).

Conclusions

Theconsensussignature highlights crucial mechanisms for disease progression. Moreover, these genes were associated with several candidate drugs that could represent potential innovative therapeutics. Furthermore, the patient’s risk scores can be used in clinical settings.
Huge mediastinal ancient schwannoma causing acute respiratory failure: a case report
Authors: Huang Hsuan-Ying , Lo Chien-Ming , Lu Hung-I , Chang Jen-Ping
Published: March 2024

Benign mediastinal tumor is usually asymptomatic and exhibits uncomplicated clinical course. Posterior mediastinal schwannoma is common, but a huge benign tumor causing acute respiratory failure due to mass effect is unusual. We present a patient who suffered from acute respiratory failure due to huge mediastinal mass effect and improved after en bloc surgical resection. A 56-year-old woman had no history of systemic disease, but experienced general discomfort and malaise for several months. She was referred to our emergency department after developing sudden respiratory failure. Intubation was performed with ventilator support and she was admitted to the intensive care unit. Chest radiograph and computed tomography showed a huge mass over the left pleural cavity causing left lung, heart, and mediastinal compression. After en bloc resection, she was weaned off the ventilator successfully and was discharged at 24 days after the operation. Postoperative outpatient follow-up showed no symptoms. Mediastinal ancient schwannoma is a rare posterior mediastinal benign tumor. However, mass effect might lead to lethal complications. En bloc resection is necessary for curative treatment.
The combination of Schisandrin C and Luteolin synergistically attenuates hepatitis B virus infection via repressing HBV replication and promoting cGAS-STING pathway activation in macrophages
Authors: Wu Zhixin , Zhao Xiaomei , Li Ruisheng , Wen Xinru , Xiu Ye , Long Minjuan , Li Junjie , Huang Xiuqin , Wen Jincai , Dong Xu , Xu Yingjie , Bai Zhaofang , Zhan Xiaoyan , Xiao Xiaohe
Published: March 2024

Background

HBV infection can result in severe liver diseases and is one of the primary causes of liver cell carcinoma-related mortality. Liuwei Wuling tablet (LWWL) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, with a protecting liver and decreasing enzyme activity, usually used to treat chronic hepatitis B with NAs in clinic. However, its main active ingredients and mechanism of action have not been fully investigated. Hence, we aimed to screen the active ingredient and effective ingredient combinations from Liuwei Wuling tablet to explore the anti-herpatitis B virus activity and mechanism.

Methods

Analysis and screening of effective antiviral components in LWWL by network pharmacology, luteolin (Lut) may be a compound with significant antiviral activity. The mechanism of antiviral action of Lut was also found by real-time PCR detection and western blotting. Meanwhile, we established a co-culture model to investigate the antiviral mechanism of Schisandrin C (SC), one of the main active components of Schisandra chinensis fructus (the sovereign drug of LWWL). Next, HBV-infected mice were established by tail vein injection of pAAV-HBV1.2 plasmid and administered continuously for 20 days. And their antiviral capacity was evaluated by checking serum levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, levels of HBV DNA, and liver levels of HBcAg.

Results

In this study, we conducted network pharmacology analysis on LWWL, and through in vitro experimental validation and data analysis, we found that luteolin (Lut) possessed obviously anti-HBV activity, inhibiting HBV replication by downregulating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) via the ERK pathway. Additionally, we established a co-culture system and proved that SC promoted activation of cGAS-STINIG pathway and IFN-β production in THP-1 cells to inhibit HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells. Moreover, we found the combination of SC and Lut shows a greater effect in inhibiting HBV compared to SC or Lut alone in HBV-infected mice.

Conclusion

Taken together, our study suggests that combination of SC and Lut may be potential candidate drug for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
The parent and family impact of CLN3 disease: an observational survey-based study
Authors: Schulz Angela , Patel Nita , Brudvig Jon J. , Stehr Frank , Weimer Jill M. , Augustine Erika F.
Published: March 2024

Background

CLN3 disease (also known as CLN3 Batten disease or Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis) is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic mutations in CLN3. While extensive efforts have been undertaken to understand CLN3 disease etiology, pathology, and clinical progression, little is known about the impact of CLN3 disease on parents and caregivers. Here, we investigated CLN3 disease progression, clinical care, and family experiences using semi-structured interviews with 39 parents of individuals with CLN3 disease. Analysis included response categorization by independent observers and quantitative methods.

Results

Parents reported patterns of disease progression that aligned with previous reports. Insomnia and thought- and mood-related concerns were reported frequently. “Decline in visual acuity” was the first sign/symptom noticed by n = 28 parents (70%). A minority of parents reported “behavioral issues” (n = 5, 12.5%), “communication issues” (n = 3, 7.5%), “cognitive decline” (n = 1, 2.5%), or “seizures” (n = 1, 2.5%) as the first sign/symptom. The mean time from the first signs or symptoms to a diagnosis of CLN3 disease was 2.8 years (SD = 4.1). Misdiagnosis was common, being reported by n = 24 participants (55.8%). Diagnostic tests and treatments were closely aligned with observed symptoms. Desires for improved or stabilized vision (top therapeutic treatment concern for n = 14, 32.6%), cognition (n = 8, 18.6%), and mobility (n = 3, 7%) dominated parental concerns and wishes for therapeutic correction. Family impacts were common, with n = 34 (81%) of respondents reporting a financial impact on the family and n = 20 (46.5%) reporting marital strain related to the disease.

Conclusions

Collectively, responses demonstrated clear patterns of disease progression, a strong desire for therapies to treat symptoms related to vision and cognition, and a powerful family impact driven by the unrelenting nature of disease progression.
Characteristics and risk factors of Health-Related Risky behaviors in adolescents with Depression
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Zhixiong , Li Xue , Liu Jing
Published: March 2024

Backgound

To explore the characteristics and risk factors for health-related risky behaviours (HRRBs) in adolescents with depression.

Methods

A total of 136 adolescents aged 12–18 years who met the diagnostic criteria for depression, and 272 healthy controls. All the subjects were assessed with the Adolescent Health-Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI), and the AHRBI scores of the two groups were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. The depression group was assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES II-CV). Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression.

Results

The AHRBI total score and five-factor scores of self-injury and suicide (SS), aggression and violence (AV), rule-breaking (RB), smoking and drinking (SD), and health-compromising behavior (HCB) in the depression group were higher than those in the control group. The severity of anxiety, catastrophizing, cognitive emotional regulation strategy (self-blame and blaming of others), the frequency of depression, physical neglect, and sexual abuse all increased the risk of HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and paternal emotional warmth and understanding had protective effects.

Conclusion

First, depressed adolescents exhibited significantly more HRRBs than healthy adolescents. Second, there are many risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and the risk factors for different types of HRRBs are also different.
Online peer-led intervention to improve adolescent wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pavarini Gabriela , Reardon Tessa , Mawdsley Geoffrey , Singh Ilina
Published: March 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have posed a major risk to young people’s wellbeing, which might be ameliorated by peer-led programmes. Using a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN77941736 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN77941736), we tested the short-term efficacy of an online peer-led intervention designed to equip young people with skills to support their mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Through schools and social media ads, we recruited one hundred young people (aged 16–18) in the UK, focusing on areas with the highest incidence of COVID cases. In December 2020, participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to immediate 5 day Coping during COVID course (n = 49) or a wait-list (n = 51) through a survey software automated randomisation tool. Our primary outcome was self-reported mental wellbeing, and secondary outcomes included self-reported social connectedness, coping skills, sense of purpose, self-esteem, and self-compassion. We also collected qualitative reports of participants’ perceived impact of the course and intentions to use what they have learnt from the course in their life moving forward. Assessments were completed at baseline, 1 week post randomisation (primary endpoint), and 2-weeks post-randomisation.

Results

Young people allocated to the peer-led intervention reported significantly greater wellbeing, social connectedness, coping skills, sense of purpose, self-esteem, and self-compassion 1 week and 2 weeks post-randomisation (medium-large effect sizes). Specific benefits to mental health, sense of purpose and connectedness were also emphasised in qualitative reports.

Conclusions

An online, peer-led intervention targeting youth wellbeing during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic brought benefits across a range of outcomes, suggesting that structured programmes that incorporate peer-to-peer support can be a valuable approach to promote young people’s wellbeing and foster psychological resources during a health crisis.
Corpus luteum presence in the bovine ovary increase intrafollicular progesterone concentration: consequences in follicular cells gene expression and follicular fluid small extracellular vesicles miRNA contents
Authors: da Silva Rosa Paola Maria , Bridi Alessandra , de Ávila Ferronato Giuliana , Prado Cibele Maria , Bastos Natália Marins , Sangalli Juliano Rodrigues , Meirelles Flávio Vieira , Perecin Felipe , da Silveira Juliano Coelho
Published: March 2024

Background

It is well described that circulating progesterone (P4) plays a key role in several reproductive events such as oocyte maturation. However, during diestrus, when circulating P4 is at the highest concentrations, little is known about its local impact on the follicular cells such as intrafollicular P4 concentration due to corpus luteum (CL) presence within the same ovary. Based on that, our hypothesis is that the CL presence in the ovary during diestrus alters intrafollicular P4 concentrations, oocyte competence acquisition, follicular cells gene expression, and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) miRNAs contents.

Results

P4 hormonal analysis revealed that ipsilateral to the CL follicular fluid (iFF) presented higher P4 concentration compared to contralateral follicular fluid (cFF). Furthermore, oocyte maturation and miRNA biogenesis pathways transcripts (ADAMTS-1 and AGO2, respectively) were increased in cumulus and granulosa cells of iFF, respectively. Nevertheless, a RT-PCR screening of 382 miRNAs showed that three miRNAs were upregulated and two exclusively expressed in sEVs from iFF and are predicted to regulate cell communication pathways. Similarly, seven miRNAs were higher and two exclusively expressed from cFF sEVs and are predicted to modulate proliferation signaling pathways.

Conclusion

In conclusion, intrafollicular P4 concentration is influenced by the presence of the CL and modulates biological processes related to follicular cell development and oocyte competence, which may influence the oocyte quality. Altogether, these results are crucial to improve our knowledge about the follicular microenvironment involved in oocyte competence acquisition.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Trial: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial to compare three different strategies of mean arterial pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Francica Alessandra , Mazzeo Gina , Galeone Antonella , Linardi Daniele , San Biagio Livio , Luciani Giovanni Battista , Onorati Francesco
Published: March 2024

Background

One of the main goals of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is targeting an adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP) during heart surgery, in order to maintain appropriate perfusion pressures in all end-organs. As inheritance of early studies, a value of 50–60 mmHg has been historically accepted as the “gold standard” MAP. However, in the last decades, the CPB management has remarkably changed, thanks to the evolution of technology and the availability of new biomaterials. Therefore, as highlighted by the latest European Guidelines, the current management of CPB can no longer refer to those pioneering studies. To date, only few single-centre studies have compared different strategies of MAP management during CPB, but with contradictory findings and without achieving a real consensus. Therefore, what should be the ideal strategy of MAP management during CPB is still on debate. This trial is the first multicentre, randomized, controlled study which compares three different strategies of MAP management during the CPB.

Methods

We described herein the methodology of a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial comparing three different approaches to MAP management during CPB in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: the historically accepted “standard MAP” (50–60 mmHg), the “high MAP” (70–80 mmHg) and the “patient-tailored MAP” (comparable to the patient’s preoperative MAP). It is the aim of the study to find the most suitable management in order to obtain the most adequate perfusion of end-organs during cardiac surgery. For this purpose, the primary endpoint will be the peak of serum lactate (Lmax) released during CPB, as index of tissue hypoxia. The secondary outcomes will include all the intraoperative parameters of tissue oxygenation and major postoperative complications related to organ malperfusion.

Discussion

This trial will assess the best strategy to target the MAP during CPB, thus further improving the outcomes of cardiac surgery.

Trial registration

mailto:NCT05740397 (retrospectively registered; 22/02/2023)
Infantile inflammatory bowel disease in three Syrian infants: a case series
Authors: Alshwaiki Afif , Samir Nakhal Ranim M. H. D. , Nahle Ali Alakbar , Hamdar Hussein , Martini Nafiza , Mahmod Jaber
Published: March 2024

Background

Inflammatory bowel diseases, consisting of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic bowel relapsing inflammatory disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases begin rarely in infants. Approximately 25% of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases present before the age of 20 years. Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease occurs before the age of 6 years; infantile inflammatory bowel diseases occurs before the age of 2 years, and is extremely rare in infants under 1 year of age.

Case presentation

Herein, we report a case series of 7-month-, 11-month-, and 12-month-old Syrian infants that presented with diarrhea, hematochezia, and pale appearance and were finally diagnosed with infantile inflammatory bowel disease and treated.

Conclusions

Early diagnosis and ruling out infantile inflammatory bowel diseases despite its rarity are recommended. Over and above that, new drugs such as vedolizumab, golimumab, and less invasive treatment methods should also be taken into consideration for better response and adequate remission with improved quality of life.
A hybrid method to solve a fractional-order Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation
Authors: Bektaş Umut , Anaç Halil
Published: March 2024

This paper solves fractional differential equations using the Shehu transform in combination with the q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). As the Shehu transform is only applicable to linear equations, q-HATM is an efficient technique for approximating solutions to nonlinear differential equations. In nonlinear systems that explain the emergence of stripes in 2D systems, the Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation plays a significant role. The findings indicate that the outcomes derived from the tables yield superior results compared to the existing LTDM in the literature. Maple is utilized to depict three-dimensional surfaces and find numerical values that are displayed in a table.