bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emulating displays with continuously varying frame rates
Authors: Templin Krzysztof , Didyk Piotr , Myszkowski Karol , Seidel Hans-Peter
Published: July 2016

The visual quality of a motion picture is significantly influenced by the choice of the presentation frame rate. Increasing the frame rate improves the clarity of the image and helps to alleviate many artifacts, such as blur, strobing, flicker, or judder. These benefits, however, come at the price of losing well-established film aesthetics, often referred to as the "cinematic look". Current technology leaves artists with a sparse set of choices, e.g., 24 Hz or 48 Hz, limiting the freedom in adjusting the frame rate to artistic needs, content, and display technology. In this paper, we solve this problem by proposing a novel filtering technique which enables emulating the whole spectrum of presentation frame rates on a single-frame-rate display. The key component of our technique is a set of simple yet powerful filters calibrated and evaluated in psychophysical experiments. By varying their parameters we can achieve an impression of continuously varying presentation frame rate in both the spatial and temporal dimensions. This allows artists to achieve the best balance between the aesthetics and the objective quality of the motion picture. Furthermore, we show how our technique, informed by cinematic guidelines, can adapt to the content and achieve this balance automatically.
Narrativas e (re)invenções de uma professora em movimento
Authors: Rodrigues de Almeida Fabiana
Published: July 2016

O artigo consiste em um relato de experiência docente, cujos enfrentamentos didáticos, tão comuns ao universo daqueles que se dedicam à educação, são (re)inventados no encontro entre uma proposta curricular singular para o ensino de História e as dinâmicas próprias de uma sala de aula. A educação para a “sensibilidade histórica”, tal como nos propõe Marc Bloch, torna-se o fio condutor capaz de conferir ao docente outra forma de olhar para a aprendizagem de seus estudantes e, a partir dessas demandas, construir repertórios didáticos significativos. Nesse ínterim, podem-se perceber as escolhas e estratégias adotadas por uma professora que se coloca em movimento.
Deposition of Solid Impurity During Washing of Softented Cotton in Function of the Mixtures of Surfactants
Authors: Carrión-Fité F. J.
Published: July 2016

The objective of this paper is to measure the deposition of solid impurity on finished cotton fabric treated with DMDHEU resin during washing cycles of cotton fabric treated with different softeners. Fabrics will be softened with the conventional esterquat and with aminosilicone products having different molecular weights and mixtures of both. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and non-ionic surfactant ethoxylated fatty alcohol were used. Both separately and in different proportions during the deposition trials were used. In general, the deposition values decrease on increasing the quantity of non-ionic surfactant in the mixture and with the finished cotton fabric increase this one after the application of the softeners tested alone and with their mixtures.
Das unterschätzte Potenzial hoher Fallzahlen – Stärken und Limitierungen des Mikrozensus am Beispiel von Fertilitätsanalysen
Authors: Bujard Martin , Dorbritz Jürgen , Herter-Eschweiler Robert , Lux Linda
Published: July 2016

The unrecognised potential of large N – Strengths and limitations of the German Microcensus exemplified by fertility research Due to a large number of cases (688.931 persons in 2012) the German Microcensus has a huge potential for analyses in demography and family sociology. Content is further improved by the new voluntary question on biological children of women. This paper aims to systematically assess the methodological background as well as limitations and potentials of the Microcensus using the example of fertility data. The analyses of nonresponse show that the way of questioning has a strong impact. The related bias could, however, be reduced by imputations. The main limitations are the cross-sectional design and missing data on the children of men and internal migration. The potential of the high case numbers of the Microcensus is systematically discussed by analyzing confidence intervals: It allows for in-dept differentiations for analyzing social structure, birth parities and time patterns. Finally, we discuss three research designs which are able to use this potential: Dendrogram analyses allow group differentiations for up to five levels and thus reveal detailed patterns of childlessness. Parity patterns by cohorts illustrate differences by occupational education. Third, the age-specific analyses of first births among several cohorts allow for identifying trends of recuperation which differ considerable between educational groups.

Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund der hohen Fallzahlen (688.931 Personen in 2012) ist das Potenzial des Mikrozensus (MZ) für demografische und familiensoziologische Analysen groß, zudem inhaltlich durch die Erhebung der Geburten von Frauen noch gestiegen. Der Beitrag hat zum Ziel, methodische Hintergründe, Limitierungen und Potenziale des MZ am Beispiel von Fertilität systematisch aufzuzeigen. Die Analyse von Antwortverweigerungen zeigt, dass die Art der Befragung einen starken Einfluss hat, deren Verzerrungen durch Imputationen deutlich reduziert werden konnten. Die Limitierungen sind v.a. das Querschnittsdesign sowie die fehlenden Daten zur Kinderzahl von Männern und zur Binnenmobilität. Die hohen Fallzahlen des MZ ermöglichen tiefenscharfe Differenzierungen bezüglich Sozialstruktur, Paritäten und Zeitverläufe, was anhand von Konfidenzintervallen diskutiert wird. Drei Forschungsdesigns, die die Analysepotenziale nutzen, werden vorgestellt: Dendrogrammanalysen ermöglichen gruppenspezifische Differenzierungen nach fünf Ebenen und zeigen so ein detailliertes Muster der Kinderlosigkeit. Der Verlauf von Paritätsmustern im Kohortenvergleich verdeutlicht die je nach beruflicher Bildung unterschiedlichen Verläufe. Die Analysen zur altersspezifischen Häufigkeit von Erstgeburten ermöglichen, Trends von nachholenden Geburten für verschiedene Bildungsgruppen zu identifizieren.
Effects of Acid on the Performance of Polishing Process
Authors: Hasni Nurul Syafiqah , Hidayu Jamil Noorina , Chik Abdullah , Mohd Arif Wi Wan , Seong Hong Eng
Published: July 2016

The serious quality problem in the magnetic substrate during polishing process by using conventional lapping machine had generate the idea to develop a doubled-sided lapping machine of polishing stone manufactured of an abrasive and resin. After certain parameter of polishing process, the polishing stone starts to clog because of debris agglomeration from the polishing substrate, thus lead to the scratches on the magnetic substrate which will affect its performance. Three difference type of acid were used as to dissolve the debris agglomeration in the polishing stone. The influence of oxalic, phosphoric and citric acid at three different times were examined. It was found that oxalic acid is the best chelating agent in dissolving the debris in the polishing stone.
Prediction and Optimization of Process Parameters on Metal Inert Gas of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloy AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 Using Response Surface Method Analysis
Authors: Mohd Noordin Nur Fakhriah , Ishak Mahadzir , Ahmad Shah Luqman Hakim
Published: July 2016

The aim of this research is to predict the tensile strength of the dissimilar aluminium joint by optimizing the parameters in metal inert gas (MIG) welding between aluminium alloys AA6061-T6/AA7075-T6. In this study, the box-behnken design technique and mathematical model were developed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Statistical tools such as Design of Experiments (DOE), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis were used to develop the relationships. Dissimilar aluminium of AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 were butt-welded by using MIG with the ER5183 filler. The highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the joint obtained was 178.63 MPa.
ST-Segment Elevation in a Woman With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kai-Chun Chang , Yi-Syuan Lin , Po-Chih Lin
Published: September 2024

This case report describes a patient in their mid 70s who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and was found to have irregular, narrow atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rhythm on electrocardiography imaging.
Reaction Risk to Direct Penicillin Challenges
Authors: Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Smith Liam R. , Mann Jushin Teg S. , Salciccioli Ingrid , Accarino John J. O. , Shah Ruchi J. , Alvi Fatima I. , Cardoso-Fernandes António , Ferreira-da-Silva Renato , Schunemann Holger J. , Sousa-Pinto Bernardo
Published: September 2024

Importance

While direct penicillin challenges might support the expansion of penicillin allergy delabeling efforts, the perceived risk of reactions remains a key barrier.

Objective

To evaluate the frequency of reactions to direct penicillin challenges in individuals with penicillin allergy labels and to identify factors associated with such reactions.

Data Sources

Three electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus) from inception to July 19, 2023, for primary studies assessing patients undergoing direct penicillin challenges. Articles were included regardless of publication year, language, status, or definition of allergy risk.

Study Selection

Two reviewers independently selected original studies reporting the frequency of immunologically mediated reactions following a direct penicillin challenge in patients reporting a penicillin allergy.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two reviewers independently extracted data and independently assessed the quality of each primary study using a risk-of-bias tool for prevalence studies.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the frequency of reactions to direct penicillin challenges as calculated using random-effects bayesian meta-analysis of proportions. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for reactions and the frequency of severe reactions.

Results

A total of 56 primary studies involving 9225 participants were included. Among participants, 438 experienced reactions to direct penicillin challenges without prior testing, corresponding to an overall meta-analytic frequency of 3.5% (95% credible interval [CrI], 2.5%-4.6%). Meta-regression analyses revealed that studies performed in North America had lower rates of reaction to direct challenges (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% CrI, 0.20-0.61), while studies performed in children (OR, 3.37; 95% CrI, 1.98-5.98), in outpatients (OR, 2.19; 95% CrI, 1.08-4.75), and with a graded (OR, 3.24; 95% CrI, 1.50-7.06) or prolonged (OR, 5.45; 95% CrI, 2.38-13.28) challenge had higher rates of reaction. Only 5 severe reactions (3 anaphylaxis, 1 fever with rash, and 1 acute kidney injury) were reported, none of which were fatal.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review and meta-analysis found that reactions to direct penicillin challenges are infrequent, with rates comparable to indirect challenges after allergy testing. These findings suggest that direct challenges are safe for incorporation into penicillin allergy evaluation efforts across age groups and clinical settings.
Design of Experiments
Authors: Anderson Mark J. , Bezener Martin A.
Published: September 2024

The statistical design of experiments (DOEs) is an essential ingredient of successful product development and improvement. DOE provides an efficient and scientific approach to obtaining meaningful information. In contrast to traditional one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) experimentation, DOE changes factors together, permitting evaluation of interactions. Standard texts give details about the construction of specific experiment designs, such as incomplete block, full and fractional factorial, response surface designs, and mixture designs; and the analysis of the resulting data. This chapter focuses on the fundamental elements of DOE: defining the purpose and scope of the experiment, differentiating between alternative types of experimental variables, understanding the underlying environment and constraints, and conducting stage‐wise experimentation. It covers the basic elements of the design and analysis of experiments based on a multifactor approach that is far more effective and efficient than OFAT for chemical research and development.
Local population dynamics of gray wolves Canis lupus and Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx exhibit consistency with intraspecific contest competition models
Authors: Šuba Jurģis , Kawata Yukichika , Lindén Andreas
Published: September 2024

In Europe, the gray wolf and Eurasian lynx populations are recovering after various levels of persecution. The two species differ in their social structure and spatial patterns of aggregation. Using model selection, we investigated the consistency of the available time series data on local wolf and lynx sub‐populations with a number of single‐species population growth models that pertain to two types of intraspecific competition, namely, scramble (SC) and contest competition (CC), and reflect random (R) or aggregated (A) distribution of individuals. The applied models of population growth—the Ricker (SCR), Skellam (CCR), Hassell (SCA), and Beverton–Holt (CCA) models—were all parameterized in terms of intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity with unified definitions. The projected carrying capacity was allowed to show a temporal trend, which was justified by an observed increase in prey abundance in recent decades. For both species, the models pertaining to contest competition outperformed the scramble competition models, and the Beverton–Holt model had the greatest weight. However, for the lynx, the difference of performance between the scramble and contest competition models was considerably smaller than that for the wolves. In most of the models, when it was meaningful, an optional time lag operator was added to account for a delay in individual maturity and reproduction. However, the models with a time lag had a worse fit than the models without it. This study promotes the application of population models that reflect intraspecific competition for modeling population dynamics in a single‐ or multi‐species framework.
Fluorides: Inorganic Solid‐State and Structural Chemistry
Authors: Kraus Florian
Published: September 2024

After an introduction of what is special in solid‐state fluorine chemistry, different synthetic methods relevant to the field are discussed. These span the whole range from classical solid‐state syntheses, over synthesis in solution to gas‐phase synthesis including modern tools like photochemistry. The following structural chemistry section explains the crystal structures and their structural relationships among selected binary, ternary, and quaternary fluorides. A discussion on the physical properties of fluorides such as magnetism, electrical conductivity, ionic conductivity, fluoride ion batteries, and phosphors for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) follows. We close with a chapter called “Beyond the Standard—I Oxidation State of Fluorine” where the existence of elemental F
2
on planet Earth is explained and ways to putative polyfluorides are presented.
Cationic Sb
III
and Bi
III
in Catalysis
Authors: Sen Nilanjana , Khan Shabana
Published: September 2024

Recent years have witnessed increased demand for the utilization of heavier main group compounds as efficient catalysts. Compounds with group‐15 elements have drawn special attention due to their potential low toxicity and ease of synthesis. Among them, cationic species of heavier group‐15 elements have shown remarkable growth in the field of catalysis due to their tunable electrophilic behavior. This article summarizes recent advances in the utilization of Sb
III
and Bi
III
cationic species as catalysts for various organic transformations.
Application of Wavefunction‐Based Multireference Calculations on Studies of High‐Valent Biomimetic Iron Complexes
Authors: Chen Haowei , Zhang Peng , Ye Shengfa
Published: September 2024

This article is to give a brief introduction on how to utilize wavefunction‐based multireference methods to predict electronic structures, spectroscopic properties, and reactivities of transition metal complexes. To this end, we choose a series of high‐valent iron complexes as examples. Specifically, we first focus on how to choose an appropriate active space, then delineate how to extract electronic‐structure information from highly correlated multireference wavefunctions and, finally, elaborate how to establish the correlation of electronic structures with spectroscopic parameters and reactivities.
Set‐Membership Filtering Based Model Predictive Control for Trajectory Tracking of Automated Guided Vehicles
Authors: Liang Zhenlong , Hu Jing , Zhang Yilian , Fan Qinqin
Published: September 2024

This article considers the trajectory tracking problem of automated guided vehicles with unknown‐but‐bounded noises and proposes a set‐membership filtering (SMF) based model predictive control strategy. A 2‐DOF vehicle model is first established with considering the unknown‐but‐bounded process and measurement noises. Then, a trajectory tracking control scheme is proposed which consists of two parts, that is, a set‐membership observer and a model predictive controller. The proposed set‐membership observer is able to deal with the unknown‐but‐bounded noises and obtain the state estimation ellipsoid for the considered automated guided vehicle. Further, the designed model predictive controller utilizes the estimated ellipsoid to compute the control sequence. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
A Flexible, Bioadhesive, and Breathable On‐Skin Battery Based on Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Gao Liuyang , Wang Zhiqi , Zen Yiyao , Wang Yimeng , Ren Qinyi , Ding Zhaozhao , Ni Kun , Tang Jigui , Zhang Chenkai , Wang Yiying , Zhou Yafeng , Hui Jingshu , Lu Qiang , Liu Ruiyuan , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: September 2024

On‐skin electronics rely on flexible power sources for stable operation and comfortable wearing. However, the current materials and device designs of on‐skin batteries for human‐interface electronic systems suffer from inadequate adhesion and impermeability. In this work, a general design of a bioadhesive and breathable on‐skin flexible metal‐air battery is presented. By laterally loading a conducting polymer‐based cathode and a zinc anode onto a biocompatible silk fibroin ionic hydrogel electrolyte film, the battery exhibits good epidermal adhesions (shear strength exceeds 20 kPa and interface toughness exceeds 150 J m−2) and excellent sweat breathability (3 times greater than commercial 3 M breathable dressing). A singular battery can generate an open circuit voltage of up to 1.4 V and a power density of 72 µW cm−2. It shows stable adhesion to the skin for five days, while simultaneously preserving epidermal respiratory function and facilitating natural skin movement. On‐skin integration of the battery array can be easily conducted to increase the electrical output. This battery design enhances the usability, comfort, and safety of wearable electronics, enabling new applications in healthcare, fitness tracking, and beyond.
Polymer‐Sorbent Direct Air Capture Contactors with Complex Geometries 3D‐Printed via Templated Phase Inversion
Authors: Kim Seo‐Yul , Holmes Hannah E. , Wang Yuxiang , Weston Simon C. , Lively Ryan P.
Published: September 2024

Low‐cost direct air capture (DAC) systems require efficient gas–solid contactors. These contactors provide rapid rates of heat and mass transport with minimal pressure drops. Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are a class of geometries that are shown to have heat transfer properties that exceed those of other geometries, and these benefits are expected to manifest in mass transfer as well due to the analogies between heat and mass transfer. However, creating TPMS contactors is difficult using conventional manufacturing techniques such as injection molding. Non‐solvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) of a polymeric ink containing the adsorbent is one way to construct adsorption contactors with excellent mass transport rates, but contactors have to date only been fabricated in simple geometries (e.g., films, fibers). This study demonstrates that NIPS of polymeric inks occurs within a simultaneously‐dissolving, water‐soluble, 3D‐printed template. This templated phase inversion (TPI) technique can create seemingly unlimited macroscopic architectures, including TPMS contactors, using a variety of potential DAC adsorbents, including zeolite, silica, activated carbon, and metal–organic frameworks. SEM, micro‐computed tomography, and nitrogen adsorption experiments reveal the microscopic pore structures and macroscopic geometries of the resulting sorbent contactors. TPMS DAC contactors with poly(ethyleneimine)/silica adsorbents are shown to have CO2 capture performances that rival or exceed other contactor geometries.
Full‐vdW Heterosynaptic Memtransistor with the Ferroelectric Inserted Functional Layer and its Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Shen Zongjie , Li Alei , Wang Qinan , Cao Yixin , Sun Yi , Yao Jian , Liu Zhengjun , Zhang Yong , Kang Lixing , Zhao Chun , Zeng Zhongming
Published: September 2024

The emergence of 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials, owing to highly tunable electrical conductivity, remarkably free stackability, and excellent compatibility for heterojunction integration, has provided abundant research diversity of artificial synapses. Here, an innovative 2D vdW heterosynaptic memtransistor (vdW‐HT) synapse is proposed with a ferroelectric CuInP2S6 inserted layer. Neuromorphic synaptic weight change of the vdW‐HT synapse in this work are modulated by the synergistic effects of interlayer coupling and ferroelectric polarization reversal. It is the first time to evaluate the required initial energy consumption of ferroelectric vdW‐HT synapses with matrixed biomimetic characteristics of “Learning–Forgetting–Re‐learning–Memorizing.” The required initial energy consumption is only ≈3.06 pJ, which provided supporting evidence to indicate the promising potential of vdW‐HT synapses in exploring neuromorphic applications. A vdW‐HT computing system with artificial recognition capability for intelligent automobiles is established and demonstrated outstanding recognition abilities for multiple targets in various environments. The highest recognition accuracy for pedestrians is 98%. In addition, the excellent recognition property is integrated with a robotic arm, successfully achieving high‐precision grasping behavior and designated position transmission for identified targets. These results provide promising strategies for the integrated development of emerging neuromorphic electronics and industrial applications.
High‐Brightness and High‐Resolution Triboelectrification‐Induced Electroluminescence Skin for Photonic Imaging and Information Interaction
Authors: Su Li , Zhao Guodong , Wu You , Wang Chen , Guo Yangsiyu , Zhao Yong
Published: September 2024

Self‐powered visualized sensor with skin‐like functionality is highly anticipated for practical application in health monitoring, human‐machine interaction, and robotics. However, the existing methods are disadvantaged by their poor performance in sensitivity and spatial fidelity due to the low pixel density, brightness, or conformability. Herein, a novel self‐powered skin‐inspired visualized sensor (SP‐SIVS) is developed by means of triboelectrification‐induced electroluminescence (TIEL) technique. By integrating surface and bulk charge generation with a high‐voltage corona charging treatment, a significant improvement is achieved in the brightness (by 10‐fold) and spatial resolution (100 µm) of the SP‐SIVS. Meanwhile, Young's modulus (94 kPa) is maintained at a level comparable to human skin, with tensile strength and elongation exceeding 1000 kPa and 1000%, respectively. Furthermore, SP‐SIVS is verified as applicable to serve such purposes as wearable motion detection, fingerprint morphology imaging, and information interaction. This work contributes an innovative framework to the development of SP‐SIVS with high‐brightness, high‐resolution, and sustainability, laying a foundation for its popularization as a novel interactive medium required for advanced photonic applications.
Efficient Hydrogen Production by In Situ Growth of sp‐C–P‐Cu Heterointerface
Authors: Li Jinze , Chen Siao , Wu Han , Xue Yurui , Li Yuliang
Published: September 2024

Herein, the construction of sp‐C–P‐Cu bridged graphdiyne (GDY)‐copper phosphides (CuxP) heterointerface structure is described by controlled growth of GDY on the surface of CuxP for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The experimental results demonstrate that the newly formed sp‐C─P bonds at the interfaces between GDY and CuxP have the dual roles of promoting faster charge transfer and producing large numbers of new intrinsic active sites, which facilitates the activation and dissociation of H2O to produce H2 and greatly enhanced the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. As expected, the as‐synthesized electrocatalyst exhibits excellent activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with overpotentials of 44 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is smaller than that of pure CuxP and Cu foam electrocatalysts. These results correlate interface structure and HER activity and provide new insights into the design and synthesis of high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Synthesis of Oxygen Vacancy‐Enriched POM Heterostructure with Enhanced Metal–Support Interactions via Supercritical Anti‐Solvent Method for Ultratrace Cysteine Analysis
Authors: Xiong Wei‐Guang , Li Chang‐Yong , Chen Ai‐Zheng , Wang Shi‐Bin
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a novel polyoxometalate (POM) heterostructure designed to address challenges in ultratrace analysis and sensor stability. Supercritical anti‐solvent and hydrothermal methods are employed to fabricate a composite that enhances stability, sensitivity, and selectivity for cysteine (Cys) detection. The optimization of inter‐component interactions and improved dispersibility contributes to superior stability and longevity. These preparation techniques increase the total oxygen vacancy density, which facilitates the migration of surface oxygen vacancies and promotes the electrocatalytic process. Additionally, tuning the band structure effectively suppresses electron–hole recombination, thereby enhancing catalytic capability. The integration of potassium phosphotungstate (KPW) as an electron transport mediator results in a stable “point‐surface” loading structure, increasing active sites and improving the material's specific surface area and catalytic efficiency. The Cu/Zr nanoparticle‐grafted KPW composite (CZPW) demonstrates excellent performance, achieving an ultratrace detection limit of 30.6 pM and a broad linear detection range from 50 pM to 1 mM. Overall, this study elucidates the mechanisms of supercritical preparation and its impact on electrocatalytic Cys reactions, providing valuable insights into the development of highly effective and stable biosensors.
In Vivo Monitoring and Magnetically‐Enhanced Delivery of CAR T‐Cells to Solid Tumor
Authors: Chen Huan , Machado Alice , An Dongjie , Becharef Sonia , Autret Gwennhael , Ayollo Dmitry , Razafindrakoto Sarah , Nizard Philippe , Carn Florent , Luo Yun , Pendino Frédéric , Mangeney Claire , Kolosnjaj‐Tabi Jelena , Donnadieu Emmanuel , Gazeau Florence
Published: September 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy demonstrates efficacy for the treatment of hematologic cancers, but remains challenging in solid tumors because of the hostile tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity that restrict the infiltration and activity of CAR T‐cells. The lack of clinical imaging methods to monitor CAR T‐cell therapy in patients limits the potential to enhance the therapeutic approach and predict patient response. Here, a straightforward, non‐invasive method for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tracking and magnetic targeting of CAR T‐cells to enhance T‐cell trafficking to solid tumors, in a setting that can be deployed in clinics, is reported. Iron oxide nanoparticles are loaded into T‐cells, allowing MRI detection and magnetic cell guidance, while preserving T‐cell viability, functions, and CAR specificity to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐expressing tumors. Longitudinal MRI monitoring of T‐cells over 14 days reveals differences in tumor infiltration rates and antitumor efficacy between EGFR‐targeted CAR T‐cells and non‐transduced T‐cell. Moreover, an external magnet placed over the tumor enhances the infiltration of CAR T‐cells and increases their antitumor effect. MRI monitoring and magnetic guidance represent a dual‐pronged clinically feasible therapeutic strategy to control and promote CAR T‐cells delivery into solid tumors, thereby improving the precision, efficacy, and safety of the treatment.
One‐Pot Transformation Strategy of o‐Hydroxyphenyl Propargylamines for Modular Access to 3‐Functionalized Benzofurans
Authors: Wu Mengdi , Liu Yanan , Kong Yangzilin , Fei Binbin , Tang Qiang , He Xinwei
Published: September 2024

A one‐pot strategy to C3‐functioanlized benzofurans is achieved from o‐hydroxyphenyl propargylamines (o‐HPPAs). 3‐Aminobenzofurans were obtained in 64–96% yields through the cascade alkyne‐allene tautomerization and 5‐exo‐dig annulation of o‐HPPAs in the presence of KOH/NaOtBu as the fruitful base combination. Moreover, with benzenesulfinates and diphenylphosphine oxide as nucleophiles, a one‐pot protocol towards these derivatives was also demonstrated through a cascade 1,4‐conjugate addition/5‐exo‐dig annulation/aromatization process. Additionally, a gram‐scale synthesis and further transformation into other valuable functionalized benzofurans were conducted to show the potential in organic synthesis of these developed synthetic approaches.
Macrophage‐Hepatocyte Circuits Mediated by Grancalcin Aggravate the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis
Authors: Su Tian , He Yue , Wang Min , Zhou Haiyan , Huang Yan , Ye Mingsheng , Guo Qi , Xiao Ye , Cai Guangping , Zhao Mingyang , Wang Jianping , Luo Xianghang
Published: September 2024

The dynamic interplay between parenchymal hepatocytes and non‐parenchymal cells (NPCs), such as macrophages, is an important mechanism for liver metabolic homeostasis. Although numerous endeavors have been made to identify the mediators of metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the molecular underpinnings of MASH progression remain poorly understood, and therapies to arrest MASH progression remain elusive. Herein, it is revealed that the expression of grancalcin (GCA) is upregulated in the macrophages of patients and rodents with MASH and correlates with MASH progression. Notably, the administration of recombinant GCA aggravates the development of MASH, whereas, Gca deletion in myeloid cells blunts liver steatosis and inflammation in multiple MASH murine models. Mechanistically, GCA activates macrophages via TLR9‐NF‐κB signaling, and the activated macrophages promote hepatocyte lipid accumulation and apoptosis via secretion of Interleukin‐6(IL‐6), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), and Interleukin‐1β(IL‐1β), thereby leading to hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Finally, the therapeutic administration of antibody blocking GCA effectively halts the progression of MASH. Collectively, these findings implicate GCA as a crucial mediator of MASH and clarify a new metabolic signaling axis between the hepatocytes and macrophages, implying that GCA can emerge as a particularly interesting putative therapeutic target for reversing MASH progression.
Morphometry of medial temporal lobe subregions using high‐resolution T2‐weighted MRI in ADNI3: Why, how, and what's next?
Authors: Yushkevich Paul A. , Ittyerah Ranjit , Li Yue , Denning Amanda E. , Sadeghpour Niyousha , Lim Sydney , McGrew Emily , Xie Long , DeFlores Robin , Brown Christopher A. , Wisse Laura E. M. , Wolk David A. , Das Sandhitsu R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

This paper for the 20th anniversary of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions in ADNI using a dedicated high‐resolution T2‐weighted sequence. A review of the work that supported the inclusion of this imaging modality into ADNI Phase 3 is followed by a brief description of the ADNI MTL imaging and analysis protocols and a summary of studies that have used these data. This review is supplemented by a new study that uses novel surface‐based tools to characterize MTL neurodegeneration across biomarker‐defined AD stages. This analysis reveals a pattern of spreading cortical thinning associated with increasing levels of tau pathology in the presence of elevated amyloid beta, with apparent epicenters in the transentorhinal region and inferior hippocampal subfields. The paper concludes with an outlook for high‐resolution imaging of the MTL in ADNI Phase 4.

Highlights

As of Phase 3, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol includes a high‐resolution T2‐weighted MRI scan optimized for imaging hippocampal subfields and medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions.

These scans are processed by the ADNI core to obtain automatic segmentations of MTL subregions and to derive morphologic measurements.

More detailed granular examination of MTL neurodegeneration in response to disease progression is achieved by applying surface‐based modeling techniques.

Surface‐based analysis of gray matter loss in MTL subregions reveals increasing and spatially expanding patterns of neurodegeneration with advancing stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as defined based on amyloid and tau positron emission tomography biomarkers in accordance with recently proposed criteria.

These patterns closely align with post mortem literature on spread of pathological tau in AD, supporting the role of tau pathology in the presence of elevated levels of amyloid beta as the driver of neurodegeneration.
Interdependence of Support Wettability ‐ Electrodeposition Rate‐ Sodium Metal Anode and SEI Microstructure
Authors: Lo Chang‐An , Wang Yixian , Kankanallu Varun R. , Singla Aditya , Yen Dean , Zheng Xiaoyin , Naik Kaustubh G. , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Campbell Callum , Raj Vikalp , Zhao Chonghang , Ma Lu , Bai Jianming , Yang Feipeng , Li Ruipeng , Ge Mingyuan , Watt John , Mukherjee Partha P. , Mitlin David , Karen Chen‐Wiegart Yu‐chen
Published: September 2024

This study examines how current collector support chemistry (sodiophilic intermetallic Na2Te vs. sodiophobic baseline Cu) and electrodeposition rate affect microstructure of sodium metal and its solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Capacity and current (6 mAh cm−2, 0.5–3 mA cm−2) representative of commercially relevant mass loading in anode‐free sodium metal battery (AF‐SMBs) are analyzed. Synchrotron X‐ray nanotomography and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) are combined with cryogenic ion beam (cryo‐FIB) microscopy. Highlighted are major differences in film morphology, internal porosity, and crystallographic preferred orientation e.g. (110) vs. (100) and (211) with support and deposition rate. Within the SEI, sodium fluoride (NaF) is more prevalent with Te−Cu versus sodium hydride (NaH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with baseline Cu. Due to competitive grain growth the preferred orientation of sodium crystallites depends on film thickness. Mesoscale modeling delineates the role of SEI (ionic conductivity, morphology) on electrodeposit growth and onset of electrochemical instability.
Propane Dehydrogenation on PtxZny Active Sites in Silicalite‐1
Authors: Liu Yilang , Bhowmick Antara , Liu Dongxia , Caratzoulas Stavros , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: September 2024

The improvement of Pt‐based catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) has progressed by recent investigations that have identified Zn as a promising promoter for Pt subnanometer catalysts. It is desirable to gain insights into the structure, stability, and activity of such active sites and the factors that influence them, such as Zn : Pt ratio, Pt coordination and nuclearity. Here, we employ density functional theory and microkinetic simulations to investigate the stability of PtxZny (x=1–3, y=0–3) active sites grafted on silanols of Silicalite‐1 and the PDH activity of Pt. We find that the coordination of a Pt atom to a nest of grafted Zn(II) atoms increases the stability of the Pt1Zny sites, whose activity is similar for y=0–2 and drops dramatically for y>2. We further demonstrate, via linear scaling relations and microkinetic simulations, that the turnover frequency obeys a volcano law as a function of propylene binding strength. The Pt2Zn1 and Pt3Zn1 sites are stable and exhibit activity similar to Pt1Zn2, but only Pt1Zn2 manifests reaction kinetics consistent with experimental data, strongly suggesting the active site composition in the synthesized catalyst samples. The methodology presented here suggests a general strategy for deducing active site information such as composition through simple kinetic experiments.
Synergistic Tuning of Microstructure and Morphology in Carbon Molecular Sieve Hollow Fibers for Propylene/Propane Separation
Authors: Liu Zhongyun , Cao Yuhe , Koros William J.
Published: September 2024

Asymmetric carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fiber membranes with tunable micro‐ and macro‐structural morphologies for energy efficient propylene‐propane separation are reported here. A sub‐glass transition temperature (sub‐Tg) thermal oxidative crosslinking strategy enables simultaneous optimization of the intrinsic molecular sieving properties while also reducing the thickness of the CMS “skin” derived from the 6FDA : BPDA/DAM polyimide precursors. Such synergistic tuning of CMS microstructure and macroscopic morphology of CMS hollow fibers enables significantly increased propylene permeance (reaching 186.5 GPU) while maintaining an appealing propylene/propane selectivity of 13.3 for 50/50 propylene/propane mixed gas feeds. Our findings reveal a more refined and versatile tool than available with previous O2‐doping pretreatments. The advanced approach here should be broadly useful to other polyimide precursors and diverse gas pairs.
Molecular Imaging of Renin Activity using Fluorogenic Nanoprobes for Precision Antihypertensive Therapy
Authors: Zhou Ya , Xu Weiping , Ruan Bankang , Zhu Lijuan , Jiang Yuyan , Cai Hui , Huang Jiaguo
Published: September 2024

Life‐threatening hypertension remains inadequately controlled in clinics due to its heterogeneous renin levels. Rapid stratification of hypertension through renin analysis is crucial for effective personalized treatment, yet an ultrasensitive detection approach is currently lacking. Here, we report activatable renin nanoprobes (ARNs) for non‐invasive and ultrasensitive profiling of renin activity and guiding antihypertensive treatment decision through near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) in vivo imaging and in vitro urinalysis. ARNs are intrinsically non‐fluorescent due to NIRF reporter connected to a gold nanocluster through a renin‐responsive peptide. In hyperreninemia mouse models, ARNs specifically react with renin to liberate the renal clearable NIRF reporter for accurate renin detection that outperforms the gold standard radioimmunoassay. Such specific and sensitive detection also enables imaging‐based high‐throughput screening of antihypertensive drugs. In hypertensive rat models, ARNs enable ultrasensitive detection of both plasma and urinary renin, facilitating renin‐guided precision treatment and significantly improving hypertension control rate (90 % versus 58 %). Our nanoprobe platform holds great potential for assisting clinicians in rapidly and accurately classifying hypertensive patients and improving outcomes through tailored treatment selection.
Hypoxia Promotes the Expression of ADAM9 by Tubular Epithelial Cells, Which Enhances Transforming Growth Factor β1 Activation and Promotes Tissue Fibrosis in Patients With Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Umeda Masataka , Karino Kohei , Satyam Abhigyan , Yoshida Nobuya , Hisada Ryo , Bhargava Rhea , Vichos Theodoros , Kunzler Ana Laura , Igawa Takashi , Ichinose Kunihiro , Torigoe Kenta , Nishino Tomoya , Maeda Takahiro , Owen Caroline A. , Abdi Reza , Kawakami Atsushi , Tsokos George C.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) β in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) can lead to progressive fibrosis, resulting in end‐organ damage. ADAM9 activates TGFβ1 by cleaving the latency‐associated peptide (LAP). We hypothesized that ADAM9 in the kidney may accelerate fibrogenesis by activating TGFβ1.

Methods

We assessed the expression of ADAM9 in the kidneys of mice and humans who were lupus prone. In vitro experiments were conducted using tubular epithelial cells (TECs) isolated from mice and explored the mechanisms responsible for the up‐regulation of ADAM9 and the subsequent activation of TGFβ1. To assess the role of ADAM9 in the development of tubular‐intestinal fibrosis in individuals with LN, we generated MRL/lpr mice who were Adam9 deficient.

Results

ADAM9 was highly expressed in tubules from MRL/lpr mice. The transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor–1α was found to promote the transcription of ADAM9 in TECs. TECs from mice who were Adam9 deficient and exposed to the hypoxia mimetic agent dimethyloxalylglycine failed to cleave the LAP to produce bioactive TGFβ1 from latent TGFβ1. Coculture of TECs from mice who were Adam9 deficient with fibroblasts in the presence of dimethyloxalylglycine and latent TGFβ1 produced decreased amounts of type I collagen and α–smooth muscle actin (SMA) by fibroblasts. MRL/lpr mice who were Adam9 deficient showed reduced interstitial fibrosis. At the translational level, ADAM9 expression in tissues and urine of patients with LN was found to increase.

Conclusion

Hypoxia promotes the expression of ADAM9 by TECs, which is responsible for the development of interstitial fibrosis in patients with LN by enhancing the TGFβ1 activation, which promotes fibroblasts to produce collagen and α‐SMA.

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Methods for Analyzing PFAS in Water
Authors: Lipps William , Adams Hunter , Thomas Dave , Urban Sinisa
Published: September 2024

Key Takeaways

As the hazards of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances—widely known as PFAS—are better understood, regulations and guidelines for addressing them will continue to evolve.

Water utilities play a significant role in PFAS mitigation by incorporating detection, monitoring, and treatment techniques into their operations.

Many methods for PFAS analysis are in place. A detailed explanation and comparison of each can help utilities determine the best approaches for their particular circumstances.
Uropathogen antibiogram regional variations—Are Australian antimicrobial guidelines appropriate?
Authors: Wei Gavin , Sewell James Antony Sidney , Bartolo Caroline , Pearce Amelia , Harris Owen , Grills Richard
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The objectives of this study are as follows: to assess the uropathogen antibiogram at two tertiary hospitals in Victoria to look at the difference in susceptibility patterns, to assess whether national guideline recommendations were applicable and to assess the feasibility of local antibiogram analysis to guide development of hospital‐specific guidelines for empirical treatment of urosepsis and for pre‐operative prophylaxis for urological procedures.

Patients and methods

All positive urine cultures analysed at Barwon Health and Monash Health, two tertiary hospitals in regional and metropolitan Victoria, Australia, respectively, between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively identified. Data obtained included the organism cultured and their susceptibility profiles.

Results

Three thousand seven hundred and seventy‐seven positive urine cultures from Barwon Health and 6821 from Monash Health were identified. The most common uropathogen was Escherichia coli, which was cultured in 53.4% and 59.1% of urine cultures at Barwon Health and Monash Health, respectively. The main differences observed were in Enterococcus spp., which were cultured in 8.8% and 4.9% of cultures at Barwon Health and Monash Health, respectively, and Candida spp. in 4.2% and 1.5% of cultures at Barwon Health and Monash Health, respectively. The largest differences were found in fluoroquinolone resistance with 12.1% of organisms resistant to ciprofloxacin at Barwon Health compared to 6.4% at Monash Health and 7.1% of organisms resistant to vancomycin compared to 20.1% at Barwon Health and Monash Health, respectively.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that there is considerable variability in the uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in two large health services in the same state. We recommend that each centre performs regular analysis of their uropathogen antibiogram to develop local guidelines for treatment and pre‐operative prophylaxis for uropathogens.
The modulation of lung cancer cell motility by Calponin 3 is achieved through its ability to sense and respond to changes in substrate stiffness
Authors: Chi Yinxiu , Wang Xianhui , Shao Xiaoyun , Zhang Dongliang , Han Jingjing , Deng Linhong , Yang Liucai , Qu Xuebin
Published: September 2024

The influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on cell behavior is a well‐established phenomenon. Tumor development is associated with the stiffening of the ECM. However, the understanding of the role of biomechanical behavior and mechanotransduction pathways in the oncogenesis of tumor cells remains limited. In this study, we constructed in vitro models using Polydimethylsiloxane substrates to create soft and stiff substrates. We then evaluated the migration of lung cancer cells A549 using video‐microscopy and transwell assays. The mechanical properties were assessed through the utilization of atomic force microscopy, Optical Magnetic Twisting Cytometry, and traction force analysis. Additionally, the expression of Calponin 3 (CNN3) was evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence techniques. Our observations indicate that the presence of a stiff substrate enhances A549 motility, as evidenced by increased stiffness and traction force in A549 cells on the stiff substrate. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in CNN3 expression in A549 cells on the stiff substrate. Notably, when CNN3 was overexpressed, it effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 cells on the stiff substrate. The results of our study provide novel perspectives on the mechanisms underlying cancer cell migration in response to substrate mechanical properties.