bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mortality of critically ill patients was not associated with inter-hospital transfer due to a shortage of ICU beds - a single-centre retrospective analysis
Authors: Oras Jonatan , Strube Marko , Rylander Christian
Published: October 2020

Background

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are increasingly being transferred between ICUs due to a shortage of ICU beds, although this practice is potentially harmful. However, in tertiary units, the transfer of patients who are not in need of highly specialized care is often necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a 90-day mortality and inter-hospital transfer due to a shortage of ICU beds in a tertiary centre.

Methods

Data were retrieved from the local ICU database from December 2011 to September 2019. The primary analysis was a risk-adjusted logistic regression model. Secondary analyses comprised case/control (transfer/non-transfer) matching.

Results

A total of 573 patients were transferred due to a shortage of ICU beds, and 8106 patients were not transferred. Crude 90-day mortality was higher in patients transferred due to a shortage of beds (189 patients (33%) vs 2188 patients (27%), p = 0.002). In the primary, risk-adjusted analysis, the risk of death at 90 days was similar between the groups (odds ratio 0.923, 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.14, p = 0.461). In the secondary analyses, a 90-day mortality was similar in transferred and non-transferred patients matched according to SAPS 3-score, age, days in the ICU and ICU diagnosis (p = 0.407); SOFA score on the day of discharge, ICU diagnosis and age (p = 0.634); or in a propensity score model (p = 0.229).

Conclusion

Mortality at 90 days in critically ill patients treated in a tertiary centre was not affected by transfer to another intensive care units due to a shortage of beds. We found this conclusion to be valid under the assumption that patients are carefully selected and that the transports are safely performed.
A practical approach for self-potential data acquisition, processing, and visualization
Authors: Barde-Cabusson Stéphanie , Finizola Anthony , Grobbe Niels
Published: October 2020

We have developed a comprehensive methodology for the acquisition and processing of self-potential (SP) data, as well as some keys for the interpretation of the results. The wide applicability of the SP method and its low cost make it a popular method to use in a variety of natural environments. Despite its versatility and the fact that various published journal papers describe the method and its applications, we believe that there is an important need for a dedicated, peer-reviewed SP acquisition, processing, and visualization/interpretation paper in the scientific literature. We have identified great interest from the scientific community for such a journal paper as a guide for existing and new practitioners with their SP survey design, data acquisition, robust processing, and initial interpretation steps. We have developed a step-by-step methodology for SP data acquisition and processing, combined with practical guidance for the interpretation of collected and processed SP data, including an evaluation of common errors and typical sources of uncertainty. Our examples are based on studies in volcanic environments (e.g., hydrothermal systems); however, the processing steps and methodology are fully applicable and transferable across disciplines to SP data acquired in any environment, and for a wide variety of applications. We evaluated the field acquisition method and the low-cost equipment, the reference and closure corrections, their meaning for the SP signal, and their effect on the data set. The benefits of interpolating SP data in two steps are examined. Combining map visualization, SP versus distance, and SP versus elevation graphs appears to be a highly effective strategy to interpret the signal in terms of hydrogeologic and hydrothermal domains and to highlight structural limits in volcanic contexts as well as in other environments.
Integration of regional gravity modeling, subsidence analysis, and source rock maturity data to understand the tectonic and hydrocarbon evolution of the Permian Basin, West Texas
Authors: Zhang Hualing , Mann Paul , Bird Dale E. , Rudolph Kurt
Published: October 2020

The Permian Basin of West Texas and southeast New Mexico is currently the most prolific oil-producing basin in the United States. This region experienced deformation and extreme rates of subsidence (up to 500 m/my), especially during the Late Paleozoic. To investigate the larger scale crustal geometry of the Permian Basin, its tectonic evolution, and the distribution of its most productive late Paleozoic source rocks, we have created regional 2D and 3D gravity models that incorporate density and lithologic controls from wireline logs, published seismic refractions, and regional cross sections. These gravity models better define a regional northeast-trending gravity low called the Abilene gravity minimum (AGM) that underlies the northern Permian Basin. We infer this feature to be underlain by a low-density assemblage of Precambrian granitic and metasedimentary rocks. Structural inversion from the gravity model shows that the top of the lower crust and the Moho is presently depressed beneath the AGM. Subsidence analysis defines five tectonic phases from Cambrian to recent with maximum subsidence during the main, late Paleozoic deformational phase resulting in deposition of sediments up to 2.4 km thick. We have determined that the geobody under the AGM acted as a zone of preferential weakness in a “broken foreland basin” setting that accommodated regional shortening related to the Marathon orogeny and to other coeval orogenies along the Sonoran margin and Nevadan margin. Our new regional map of the top basement defines the limits of deep basinal areas that may host the most productive and thermally mature, late Paleozoic source rock kitchens — some of which are localized in depocenters controlled in part by syncollisional, left-lateral strike-slip faults that align with the edges of the AGM. Our results show a deeper basement ranging from 5.5 to 6.2 km in the Delaware basin that predicts a broader zone of source rock thermal maturity.
Baseline predictors of cognitive change in the treatment of major depressive episode: systematic review
Authors: Barczyk Zoe A. , Douglas Katie M. , Porter Richard J.
Published: October 2020

Background

Cognitive impairment is a core feature of depression and has a negative effect on a person's functioning, in psychosocial and interpersonal areas, and on workforce performance. Cognitive impairment often persists, even with the remittance of mood symptoms. One potential way of improving treatment of cognitive impairment would be to identify variables that predict cognitive change in patients with depression.

Aims

To systematically examine findings from studies that investigate baseline variables and how they predict, or correlate with, cognitive change in mood disorders, and to examine methodological issues from these studies.

Method

Studies that directly measured associations between at least one baseline variable and change in cognitive outcome in patients with current major depressive episode were identified using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Narrative review technique was used because of the heterogeneity of patient samples, outcome measures and study procedures. The review was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42020150975.

Results

Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Evidence from the present review for prediction of cognitive change from baseline variables was limited for demographic factors, with some preliminary evidence for depression, cognitive and biological factors. Identification of patterns across studies was difficult because of methodological variability across studies.

Conclusions

Findings from the present review suggest there may be some baseline variables that are useful in predicting cognitive change in mood disorders. This is an area warranting further research focus.
Germ Cell Tumor Molecular Heterogeneity Revealed Through Analysis of Primary and Metastasis Pairs
Authors: Cheng Michael L. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Audenet François , Wong Nathan C. , Pietzak Eugene J. , Bielski Craig M. , Isharwal Sumit , Iyer Gopa , Funt Samuel , Bagrodia Aditya , Bajorin Dean F. , Reuter Victor E. , Eng Jana , Joseph Gabriella , Bourque Caitlin , Bromberg Maria , Ling Lilan , Selcuklu S. Duygu , Arcila Maria E. , Tsui Dana W.Y. , Zehir Ahmet , Viale Agnes , Berger Michael F. , Bosl George J. , Sheinfeld Joel , Van Allen Eliezer , Taylor Barry S. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Solit David B. , Feldman Darren R.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

Although primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) have been extensively characterized, molecular analysis of metastatic sites has been limited. We performed whole-exome sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing on paired primary and metastatic GCT samples in a patient cohort enriched for cisplatin-resistant disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Tissue sequencing was performed on 100 tumor specimens from 50 patients with metastatic GCT, and sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA was performed for a subset of patients.

RESULTS

The mutational landscape of primary and metastatic pairs from GCT patients was highly discordant (68% of all somatic mutations were discordant). Whereas genome duplication was common and highly concordant between primary and metastatic samples, only 25% of primary-metastasis pairs had ≥ 50% concordance at the level of DNA copy number alterations (CNAs). Evolutionary-based analyses revealed that most mutations arose after CNAs at the respective loci in both primary and metastatic samples, with oncogenic mutations enriched in the set of early-occurring mutations versus variants of unknown significance (VUSs). TP53 pathway alterations were identified in nine cisplatin-resistant patients and had the highest degree of concordance in primary and metastatic specimens, consistent with their association with this treatment-resistant phenotype.

CONCLUSION

Analysis of paired primary and metastatic GCT specimens revealed significant molecular heterogeneity for both CNAs and somatic mutations. Among loci demonstrating serial genetic evolution, most somatic mutations arose after CNAs, but oncogenic mutations were enriched in the set of early-occurring mutations as compared with VUSs. Alterations in TP53 were clonal when present and shared among primary-metastasis pairs.
Hypercalcemia in Children Using the Ketogenic Diet: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Hawkes Colin P , Roy Sani M , Dekelbab Bassem , Frazier Britney , Grover Monica , Haidet Jaime , Listman James , Madsen Sarianne , Roan Marian , Rodd Celia , Sopher Aviva , Tebben Peter , Levine Michael A
Published: October 2020

Context

The ketogenic diet is associated with progressive skeletal demineralization, hypercalciuria, and nephrolithiasis. Acute hypercalcemia has been described as a newly recognized complication of this treatment.

Objective

To describe the clinical characteristics of acute hypercalcemia in children on the ketogenic diet through analysis of the presentation, response to treatment, and natural history in a large cohort of patients.

Design

A multicenter case series was performed including children who developed acute hypercalcemia while treated with the ketogenic diet. Information on clinical presentation, treatment, and course of this complication was collated centrally.

Results

There were 14 patients (median (range) age 6.3 (0.9 to 18) years) who developed hypercalcemia 2.1 (range, 0.2-12) years after starting the ketogenic diet. All had low levels of parathyroid hormone and levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were low in all except one. Seven (50%) had impaired renal function at presentation. All except the 2 oldest had low alkaline phosphatase levels for age. Once normocalcemia was achieved, hypercalcemia recurred in only 2 of these patients over observation of up to 9.8 years. One patient discontinued the ketogenic diet prior to achieving normocalcemia while 4 more stopped the diet during follow-up after resolution of hypercalcemia.

Conclusions

Ketotic hypercalcemia can occur years after starting the ketogenic diet, especially in the setting of renal impairment. The mechanism is unknown but appears to be due to reduced osteoblast activity and impaired bone formation. We recommend close attention to optimizing bone health in these children, and screening for the development of ketotic hypercalcemia.
Rapamycin Plus Vildagliptin to Recover β-Cell Function in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial
Authors: Bolla Andrea Mario , Gandolfi Alessandra , Borgonovo Elisa , Laurenzi Andrea , Caretto Amelia , Molinari Chiara , Catalano Roberta Sara , Bianconi Eleonora , Monti Paolo , Sordi Valeria , Pellegrini Silvia , Lampasona Vito , Costa Sabrina , Scavini Marina , Bosi Emanuele , Piemonti Lorenzo
Published: October 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with rapamycin plus vildagliptin restores β-cell function in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Methods

A phase 2, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in long-standing type 1 diabetes patients randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 4 weeks of rapamycin (group 2), 4 weeks of rapamycin plus 12 weeks of vildagliptin (group 3), or double placebo (group 1). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with a positive response to the Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (C-peptide at 90 minutes > 0.2 nmol/L) at weeks 4 and 12. Secondary end points included insulin requirement, standard measures of glycemic control, and hormonal and immunological profile.

Results

Fifty-five patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 18), group 2 (n = 19), or group 3 (n = 18). No patient in any group showed a positive C-peptide response, and there was no significant difference at 4 and 12 weeks for the primary outcome. At 4 weeks, insulin requirement decreased from 0.54 to 0.48 U/kg/day in group 2 (P = .013), from 0.59 to 0.51 U/kg/day in group 3 (P < .001), whereas it did not change in group 1. At 12 weeks, glycated hemoglobin significantly decreased both in group 2 (from 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] to 7% [53 mmol/mol]; P = .045] and in group 3 (from 7.2% [55.5 mmol/mol] to 6.9% [52 mmol/mol]; P = .001]. Rapamycin treatment was associated with a decrease in insulin antibody titer and changes in hormonal/immunological profile.

Conclusions

Rapamycin reduced insulin requirement, but did not restore β-cell function in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.
GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Differentially Modifies the Outcomes of Sterile vs Viral Pulmonary Inflammation in Male Mice
Authors: Sato Takehiro , Shimizu Tatsunori , Fujita Hiroki , Imai Yumiko , Drucker Daniel J , Seino Yutaka , Yamada Yuichiro
Published: October 2020

A number of disease states, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary infection. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are used to treat T2D and exert anti-inflammatory actions through a single, well-defined GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Although highly expressed in the lung, little is known about the role of the GLP-1R in the context of pulmonary inflammation. Here we examined the consequences of gain or loss of GLP-1R activity in infectious and noninfectious lung inflammation. We studied wild-type mice treated with a GLP-1R agonist, and Glp1r–/– mice, in the setting of bleomycin-induced noninfectious lung injury and influenza virus infection. Loss of the GLP-1R attenuated the severity of bleomycin-induced lung injury, whereas activation of GLP-1R signaling increased pulmonary inflammation via the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, GLP-1R agonism reduced the pathogen load in mice with experimental influenza virus infection in association with increased expression of intracellular interferon-inducible GTPases. Notably, the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide improved the survival rate after influenza virus infection. Our results reveal context-dependent roles for the GLP-1 system in the response to lung injury. Notably, the therapeutic response of GLP-1R agonism in the setting of experimental influenza virus infection may have relevance for ongoing studies of GLP-1R agonism in people with T2D susceptible to viral lung injury.
Cumulative Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi Nur , Hanna Rema , Olken Benjamin A. , Prima Rizal Adi , Satriawan Elan , Syamsulhakim Ekki
Published: October 2020

Conditional cash transfers provide income and promote human capital investments. Yet evaluating their longitudinal impacts is hard, as most experimental evaluations treat control locations after a few years. We examine such impacts in Indonesia after six years, where the program rollout left the experiment largely intact. We find static effects on many targeted indicators: childbirth using trained professionals increased dramatically, and under-15 children not in school fell by half. We observe impacts requiring cumulative investments: stunting fell by 23 percent. While human capital accumulation increased, the transfers did not lead to transformative economic change for recipient households. (JEL I21, I38, J13, J24, O15)
Shaping the post-COVID-19 "New Normal" with Communication and Collaboration Platforms: state of the art communications for radiology, oncology, MDTs and beyond
Authors: Johnson Robert James , Wilson Paula , Hughes Jon
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the use of digital communications to unprecedented levels across society whilst the NHS struggles with non-compatible IT systems that are often outdated and inhibit effective communication. MDTs use teleconferencing but the IT infrastructure does not permit clinicians to readily discuss cases and collaboratively review imaging outside of formal meetings if not on the same site and face-to-face. NHS radiology home reporting was not widely in place at the outbreak of the pandemic. Paper records persist further inhibiting remote working. Email has degraded the quality of written communication leading to suggestions of a ‘broken’ email culture. Despite NHS policy ambitions to address radiologist under capacity with increased networking and collaboration between providers the IT infrastructure has proven inadequate. Modern Communication and Collaboration Platforms have functionality that cuts across the non-compatible IT restrictions with screen sharing a key enabler. By engaging with these platforms radiologists and oncologists have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to shape the ‘new normal’ of delivery of healthcare with superior quality communication practices exceeding those in place at the outbreak of the pandemic.
The Path to Click: Are You on It?
Authors: Shi Savannah Wei , Trusov Michael
Published: October 2020

An eye-tracking study that examines consumers’ dynamic visual inspection on search engines.
OM Forum—Supply Chain Thinking in Healthcare: Lessons and Outlooks
Authors: Betcheva Lidia , Erhun Feryal , Jiang Houyuan
Published: October 2020

Problem definition: The lessons learned over decades of supply chain management provide an opportunity for stakeholders in complex systems, such as healthcare, to understand, evaluate, and improve their complicated and often inefficient ecosystems. Academic/practical relevance: The complexity in managing healthcare supply chains offers opportunities for important and impactful research avenues in key supply chain management areas such as coordination and integration (e.g., new care models), mass customization (e.g., the rise in precision medicine), and incentives (e.g., emerging reimbursement schemes), which might, in turn, provide insights relevant to traditional supply chains. We also put forward new perspectives for practice and possible research directions for the supply chain management community. Methodology: We provide a primer on supply chain thinking in healthcare, with a focus on healthcare delivery, by following a framework that is customer focused, systems based, and strategically orientated and that simultaneously considers clinical, operational, and financial dimensions. Our goal is to offer an understanding of how concepts and strategies in supply chain management can be applied and tailored to healthcare by considering the sector’s unique challenges and opportunities. Results: After identifying key healthcare stakeholders and their interactions, we discuss the main challenges facing healthcare services from a supply chain perspective and provide examples of how various supply chain strategies are being and can be used in healthcare. Managerial implications: By using supply chain thinking, healthcare organizations can decrease costs and improve the quality of care by uncovering, quantifying, and addressing inefficiencies.
Estado nutricional e qualidade de vida de pacientes em tratamento crônico de hemodiálise em lista de espera de um centro de transplante renal em Fortaleza, Ceará
Authors: Caldas Sales Andressa Eslayne , Torres Medeiros Lívia , Carvalho Tavares Nayranne Hivina , Custódio Rodrigues Brena , Da Silva e Sousa Francisca Isabelle , Da Silva Mendonça Priscila , Filomena Camacho Santos Daltro Ana
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o estado nutricional e a qualidade de vida de pacientes dialíticos em lista de espera para Transplante Renal (TxR) de um centro de transplante em Fortaleza, Ceará. Métodos: Estudo caráter transversal analítico, realizado entre agosto a outubro de 2018, no qual foram avaliados o estado nutricional (EN) e a qualidade de vida (QV), utilizando a versão brasileira do questionário SF-36, em 52 pacientes de um centro de TxR de um hospital universitário da rede pública de saúde. Resultados: Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes eram eutróficos de acordo com os parâmetros índice de massa corporal (59,6%), circunferência do braço (48,1%) e circunferência muscular do braço (75,0%); no entanto, de acordo com prega cutânea triciptal, 59,6% da amostra encontrava-se desnutrida. Com relação às dimensões de QV, verificou-se que os “Aspectos Físicos” e “Estado Geral de Saúde” tiveram os piores escores, mas apresentaram associação significativa com o sexo feminino (p=0,046) e com o IMC (p=0,010), respectivamente. Já a dimensão “Capacidade Funcional” apresentou associação significativa com a população masculina (p=0,045). Conclusão: Observou-se comprometimento em algumas das dimensões de QV, as quais sugeriram guardar relação com o sexo e o EN. Assim, ressalta-se a importância da realização periódica do diagnóstico nutricional e da avaliação da QV, visto que os pacientes renais dialíticos listados merecem atenção especial, pois apresentam diversas fragilidades físicas, sociais e emocionais, que podem comprometer aspectos importantes no EN e na QV durante o cuidado antes e após o TXR e impactar no tratamento da doença.
Ligas Acadêmicas na formação do profissional de saúde para o Sistema Único de Saúde: potencialidades e desafios
Authors: Costa Vanessa Meneses , Ribeiro Rita de Cássia Lisboa , Fagundes Andhressa Araújo , Barbosa Kiriaque Barra Ferreira
Published: October 2020

Introdução: As Ligas Acadêmicas (LA) são associações estudantis que contribuem com o estreitamento da relação ensino-serviço-comunidade. Objetivo: Analisar as potencialidades e os desafios das Ligas Acadêmicas como dispositivos de aprendizagem a partir da percepção de alunos e egressos dos cursos da saúde de dois campi de uma universidade pública do Nordeste brasileiro, com modelos de ensino distintos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de Grupos Focais e analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Foi identificado que, apesar dos desafios inerentes à gestão de pessoas, ao processo de normatização das Ligas e à necessidade de recursos financeiros para a realização das ações, as Ligas Acadêmicas, independentemente do modelo de ensino adotado pela instituição, desempenham importante papel na formação de profissionais de saúde com maior senso crítico, ampliada visão sobre o modo de promover saúde e maior atenção aos princípios e demandas do Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados, sugere-se aos discentes e professores uma atuação que favoreça a superação de desafios e a troca de experiências para potencializar a formação complementar em saúde. Às instituições de ensino cabe o papel de acompanhamento das ações das Ligas para garantir e fortalecer a extensão universitária.
Cuidado centrado na família em neonatologia: percepções dos profissionais e familiares
Authors: Uema Roberta Tognollo Borotta , Rodrigues Bruna Caroline , Rissi Gabrieli Patrício , Felipin Larissa Carolina Segantini , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: analisar, sob a ótica dos profissionais que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e dos pais das crianças internadas, o entendimento do cuidado centrado na família. Método: estudo quantitativo de abordagem descritiva, realizado em 2018 com 19 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino na região noroeste do Paraná e nove familiares. Utilizaram-se dois questionários autoaplicáveis acerca do tema e os sujeitos foram abordados durante seu período de permanência na unidade. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Pesquisa aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da instituição. Resultados: a equipe demonstra acolhimento pela família, os pais sentem esse vínculo, porém nos momentos de tomada de decisão, esta ainda é centralizada no profissional de saúde.  Conclusão: a percepção dos profissionais e dos familiares converge para o cuidado centrado na família, porém, de forma incipiente, desconhecendo seus demais desdobramentos e maneiras de colocá-lo em prática.
Tibial plateau fracture: anatomy, diagnosis and management
Authors: Rudran Branavan , Little Christopher , Wiik Anatole , Logishetty Kartik
Published: October 2020

Tibial plateau fractures are peri-articular knee fractures of the proximal tibia. The presentation is dependent on the mechanism of injury. The tibial plateau is the bony platform of the distal half of the knee joint, and is made up of a medial and lateral condyle separated by the intercondylar eminence.

The presentation of tibial plateau fractures can vary greatly as a result of the bimodal mechanism of injury and patient characteristics. The patient should be assessed for life- and limb-threatening injuries in accordance with British Orthopaedic Association Standards of Trauma guidelines. Imaging is undertaken to understand configuration of the fracture, which is classified by the Schatzker classification. Definitive management of the fracture depends on the severity, ranging from conservative to surgical management. Surgery is required for more severe tibial plateau fractures to restore articular congruity, mechanical alignment, ligamentous stability and to permit early mobilisation.

Medium-term functional outcome after tibial plateau fractures is generally excellent when anatomy and stability is restored. At least half of patients return to their original level of physical activity. Surgical management of tibial plateau fractures is not without complication. Risk factors include postoperative arthritis, bicondylar and comminuted fractures, meniscal removal, instability, malalignment and articular incongruity.

Tibial plateau fractures account for 1% of all fractures, and typically occur either as a fragility fracture or secondary to a high-energy impact. These latter injuries are associated with extensive soft tissue injury, life- and limb-threatening complications and long-term sequelae. While outcomes are generally good, severe injuries are at higher risk of infection and post-traumatic arthritis requiring knee arthroplasty. This article considers the anatomy, diagnosis and evidence-based management strategies for tibial plateau fracture.
Gendered perceptions of workaholism and the gender gap in parenting time
Authors: Buchanan Tom , McFarlane Adian , Das Anupam
Published: October 2020

We use the 2015 Canadian time-use survey to analyse predictors of workaholism and the gender gap in parenting time. For mothers, both parenting time and market work are predictive of self-reporting workaholism. Workaholic mothers do not spend less time parenting as their market work increases. These levels remain higher at each level than workaholic fathers and non-workaholic mothers and fathers. This suggests increased market work time does not result in any reduction of relative levels of parenting time. Along with entrenched gendered expectations, mothers may perceive an opportunity cost of sacrificing parenting time for market work. Workaholic mothers do report reduced household labour hours. Accounting for characteristic differences between workaholic mothers and fathers leaves more unexplained than explained. Implications are discussed within the framework of gender and opportunity costs.
Interactive optical 3D-touch user interface using a holographic light-field display and color information
Authors: Sánchez Salazar Chavarría Iván A. , Nakamura Tomoya , Yamaguchi Masahiro
Published: October 2020

We propose an interactive optical 3D-touch user interface (UI) by using a holographic light-field (LF) 3D display and a color detection system of the scattered light from the touched 3D image. In the proposed system, color information embedded in the LF is used to realize the 3D position identification and movement detection of the interaction point in 3D space only with a single RGB camera. We demonstrate the real-time interactive implementation of the interface working at 12 frames per second, which verifies the feasibility of our proposed concept.
Inferring evolutionary pathways and directed genotype networks of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Cliff Oliver M. , McLean Natalia , Sintchenko Vitali , Fair Kristopher M. , Sorrell Tania C. , Kauffman Stuart , Prokopenko Mikhail
Published: October 2020

Modelling the emergence of foodborne pathogens is a crucial step in the prediction and prevention of disease outbreaks. Unfortunately, the mechanisms that drive the evolution of such continuously adapting pathogens remain poorly understood. Here, we combine molecular genotyping with network science and Bayesian inference to infer directed genotype networks—and trace the emergence and evolutionary paths—ofSalmonellaTyphimurium (STM) from nine years of Australian disease surveillance data. We construct networks where nodes represent STM strains and directed edges represent evolutionary steps, presenting evidence that the structural (i.e., network-based) features are relevant to understanding the functional (i.e., fitness-based) progression of co-evolving STM strains. This is argued by showing that outbreak severity, i.e., prevalence, correlates to: (i) the network path length to the most prevalent node (r= −0.613,N= 690); and (ii) the network connected-component size (r= 0.739). Moreover, we uncover distinct exploration-exploitation pathways in the genetic space of STM, including a strong evolutionary drive through a transition region. This is examined via the 6,897 distinct evolutionary paths in the directed network, where we observe a dominant 66% of these paths decrease in network centrality, whilst increasing in prevalence. Furthermore, 72.4% of all paths originate in the transition region, with 64% of those following the dominant direction. Further, we find that the length of an evolutionary path strongly correlates to its increase in prevalence (r= 0.497). Combined, these findings indicate that longer evolutionary paths result in genetically rare and virulent strains, which mostly evolve from a single transition point. Our results not only validate our widely-applicable approach for inferring directed genotype networks from data, but also provide a unique insight into the elusive functional and structural drivers of STM bacteria.
Transcriptome and epigenome diversity and plasticity of muscle stem cells following transplantation
Authors: Evano Brendan , Gill Diljeet , Hernando-Herraez Irene , Comai Glenda , Stubbs Thomas M. , Commere Pierre-Henri , Reik Wolf , Tajbakhsh Shahragim
Published: October 2020

Adult skeletal muscles are maintained during homeostasis and regenerated upon injury by muscle stem cells (MuSCs). A heterogeneity in self-renewal, differentiation and regeneration properties has been reported for MuSCs based on their anatomical location. Although MuSCs derived from extraocular muscles (EOM) have a higher regenerative capacity than those derived from limb muscles, the molecular determinants that govern these differences remain undefined. Here we show that EOM and limb MuSCs have distinct DNA methylation signatures associated with enhancers of location-specific genes, and that the EOM transcriptome is reprogrammed following transplantation into a limb muscle environment. Notably, EOM MuSCs expressed host-site specific positionalHoxcodes after engraftment and self-renewal within the host muscle. However, about 10% of EOM-specific genes showed engraftment-resistant expression, pointing to cell-intrinsic molecular determinants of the higher engraftment potential of EOM MuSCs. Our results underscore the molecular diversity of distinct MuSC populations and molecularly define their plasticity in response to microenvironmental cues. These findings provide insights into strategies designed to improve the functional capacity of MuSCs in the context of regenerative medicine.
A disconnect in media accountability: Spanish journalists’ and citizens’ perceptions of established and innovative instruments at the organizational level
Authors: Ramon Xavier , Mauri-Ríos Marcel , Díaz-Campo Jesús , Suárez-Villegas Juan Carlos
Published: October 2020

In the current media landscape, accountability can be promoted through a wide range of established and innovative instruments. Focusing on the Spanish context, this article examines journalists’ perceptions of in-house accountability instrument effectiveness and analyses citizens’ knowledge and understanding of these mechanisms. A mixed- methods approach was employed: an online survey was administered to Spanish journalists (N = 228), and six citizen focus groups (38 participants in total) were established in several regions of Spain (Andalusia, Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, Madrid and Valencia). Findings showed that journalists’ evaluation of media accountability instruments is remarkably limited, scoring 5.82 out of 10 points in the highest case. From the citizens’ perspective, the overwhelming lack of visibility and relative distrust towards these instruments are revealed. This double disconnect from accountability brings to light the need to rethink and reinvigorate the existing instruments so they can effectively contribute to the goal of rebuilding trust in journalism.
Mapping the methodologies of the craft sciences in Finland, Sweden and Norway
Authors: Kokko Sirpa , Almevik Gunnar , Bentz Høgseth Harald C. , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita
Published: October 2020

The craft sciences have emerged as a field of academic research in Finland, Sweden and Norway since the early 1990s. In Finland, craft research has examined various aspects of crafts using a multidisciplinary approach, adapting a range of methods from other academic disciplines according to the research topic. Another source has been the schools of domestic sciences in which craft research has been a recognized field. In Sweden and Norway, craft research has developed strongly in architectural conservation and cultural heritage with a focus on traditional craftsmanship and the performative elements of intangible cultural heritage. This article offers an overview of the developments and progress of the field of craft sciences in these countries, including its methodological approaches, with a focus on Ph.D. theses. Through mapping recurrent methodological approaches, the following categories were derived: craft reconstruction, craft interpretations, craft elicitation, craft amplification and craft socialization. The aim of the classification, and the model derived from it, is to help researchers and students understand better how different types of knowledge relate to different research methods and apply them within their own research. The purpose of the research is to create a common infrastructure for research and education in order to connect and strengthen the dispersed academic communities of craft research and to establish craft science as a formally recognized discipline within the academic system.
Promoting significant learning in a cultural craft course
Authors: Kröger Tarja
Published: October 2020

The study explores creating intentional cultural dialogue through craft and cultural heritage and examines significant learning experiences of a cultural craft course reported by thirty-two (N = 32) exchange students. The students were from ten countries and studied Cultural Heritage and Craft Education in the International Study Programme at the University of Eastern Finland during the academic year 2018–19. The methods applied in the course were significant learning and collaborative designing for supporting cultural dialogue. Data were collected through reflective essays and reported in Dee Fink’s taxonomy of significant learning framework. The analysis identified six types of significant learning experiences and confirmed that cultural heritage embodied in crafts serves as a significant platform for cultural dialogue. That is, a holistic craft process including designing, making and reflective evaluation can support cultural learning. The research contributes to the development of international study courses and provides means to enhance cultural dialogue in the context of craft education.
Translational craft: Handmade and gestural knowledge in analogue–digital material practice
Authors: Nimkulrat Nithikul
Published: October 2020

This article investigates how craft knowledge can be utilized and acquired in the handcrafting process using digital tools and digital fabrication methods. It is based on a study that seeks ways in which craft-making and handcrafted objects can be translated using digital technology and addresses the following questions: (1) What forms of knowing and meaning-making are evolving in a craftsperson working with digital means? (2) What does it mean to manipulate material in computer-aided design through virtual reality, and how does this inform analogue material practice and experimentation? The study was carried out through the author’s craft practice. Originating with a hand-knotted artefact, the author transformed this analogue form into digital form using a range of techniques. The activities act as both a survey of digital fabrication capabilities and a way of exploring new thinking mechanisms offered by this emerging form of practice. The study broadens our understanding of the craftsperson’s role within the capabilities and limitations of digital interface and tools. Several iterations of digitally fabricated objects were documented and reflected upon. This emerging craft practice acts as a catalyst for established disciplines within art and design to collide and interact. Outcomes of this study include mapping new workflows and the translation of gestures within digital and analogue material practice and reflection on how the materials and methods used in digital fabrication have the potential to expand the meanings connected to the things that are created. These outcomes evidence not only how the craftsperson utilizes her previously acquired knowledge in a new context of working with digital tools but also how she acquires new handmade knowledge through the act of translating analogue practice into a digital one.
The 1979 American Punk Art dispute: Visions of punk art between sensationalism, street art and social practice
Authors: Skov Marie Arleth
Published: October 2020

In May 1979, a conflict arose in Amsterdam: the makers of the exhibition American Punk Art clashed with local artists, who disagreed with how the curators portrayed the punk movement in their promotion of the show. The conflict lays open many of the inherent (self-) contradictory aspects of punk art. It was not merely the ubiquitous ‘hard school vs. art school’ punk dispute, but that the Amsterdam punk group responsible for the letter and the Americans preparing the exhibition had different visions of what punk art was or should be in respect to content and agency. Drawing on interviews with the protagonists themselves and research in their private archives, this article compares those visions, considering topics like institutionalism vs. street art, avantgarde history vs. tabloid contemporality and political vs. apolitical stances. The article shows how the involved protagonists from New York and Amsterdam drew on different art historical backgrounds, each rooted in the 1960s: Pop Art, especially Andy Warhol, played a significant role in New York, whereas the signature poetic-social art of CoBrA and the anarchistic activity of the Provos were influential in Amsterdam. The analysis reflects how punk manifested differently in different cultural spheres, but it also points to a common ground, which might be easier to see from today’s distance of more than forty years.
Punk Now!! Contemporary Perspectives on Punk, Matt Grimes and Mike Dines (eds) (2020)
Authors: Avery-Natale Edward
Published: October 2020

Punk Now!! Contemporary Perspectives on Punk, Matt Grimes and Mike Dines (eds) (2020)

Bristol: Intellect, 230 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-174-0, h/bk, £80.00
Plutarch and the Law of Reflection: Critical and Literary Commentary to De facie 930A-C
Authors: Lesage-Gárriga Luisa
Published: October 2020

In 930A-C, Plutarch introduces and immediately rejects the law of reflection because, in his view, the theory is not self-evident nor unanimously accepted. To reinforce this rejection, he provides two examples taken from the field of catoptrics: 1) the images resulting from convex mirrors and 2) those resulting from folding mirrors. Up until now, the slightly corrupted state of the transmitted text and the technical language of the theory and the examples discussed in the passage have prevented scholars from reaching a sound interpretation of the passage. In this paper, I will first address the issues concerning the state of the text, in order to later discuss its problematic content, to wit, whether Plutarch’s rejection of the theory that all reflections occur in equal angles was meant to be taken seriously, as resulting from a confrontation between this theory’s assumptions and reality, or was due to his interest in conveying an ideal image of the moon, a specific interest that could not fit with this theory’s statements.
Reading Plutarch’s Women: Moral Judgement in the Moralia and Some Lives
Authors: Warren Lunette
Published: October 2020

Plutarch has two distinct bodies of work: the Moralia and the Lives. Increasingly, however, questions about the unity of Plutarch’s work as a whole have been raised, and it has become of some concern to scholars of ancient biography to establish the level of philosophical content in the Lives. A comparative study of the women of the Lives and those in the Moralia may provide some insight into Plutarch’s greater philosophical project and narrative aims. Plutarch’s writings on and for women in the Conjugalia praecepta, Mulierum virtutes, Amatorius, De Iside et Osiride, and Consolatio ad uxorem lays a firm groundwork for the role of Woman in society and the marital unit. The language in these works is consistent with the language used to describe women in the Lives, where historical women appear as exempla for the moral improvement of his female students. This case study of five prominent women in the Lives reveals an uncomfortable probability: Plutarch presents women in the Lives in accordance with the principles set out in the Moralia and uses certain concepts to guide his readers towards a judgement of the exempla that agrees with his views on the ideal Woman.
Correlation of callosal connections and optical imaging maps in visual cortex of mice lacking retinal activity waves due to deficiency in the ß2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Olavarria Jaime , Cang Jianhua , Kalatsky Valery A , Stryker Michael P
Published: October 2020

Studies of visual callosal connections proposed that bilateral projections from temporal retina promote the formation of callosal linkages between cortical loci that are retinotopically matched and non-mirror symmetric with respect to the brain midline. It is therefore possible for a spontaneously active retinal locus to simultaneously activate retinotopically corresponding loci in both cortices, leading to Hebbian-like stabilization of connections between them before the eyes open. Interhemispheric correlated activity could stem from single ganglion cells that send axon branches to both sides, or from closely located cells that project to one side or the other, but which fire in synchrony due to spontaneously generated retinal activity waves. We hypothesized that lack of retinal waves could induce callosal map anomalies similar to those produced by neonatal enucleation. We studied mice lacking retinal waves due to deficiency in the ß2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The organization of callosal projections revealed with small tracer injections was correlated with V1 maps made by imaging intrinsic optical responses to drifting stimuli. Consistent with studies showing that retinofugal and geniculocortical projections are less focused in ß2 -/- mice, we found that the overall callosal pattern in V1 is markedly broader in ß2 -/- mice than in wild type mice. However, the fine topography of the callosal map in ß2 -/- mice is similar to that in wild type and ß2 -/+ mice, indicating that lack of retinal waves is not sufficient for inducing the reversal in the callosal map caused by neonatal enucleation.
Sepse em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: Fatores Predisponentes e a Atuação Preventiva do Enfermeiro / Sepse in Intensive Care Unit: Predisponent Factors and Preventive Nursing Acting
Authors: Da Cruz Santos Aguiar Kaique Vinicius , Cruz Rafaela Da Cunha , Silva Rafaela Trabuco de Araújo , Sousa Carlos Felipe Cerqueira de , Moraes Kely Luziane Da Conceição Silva
Published: October 2020

O objetivo desse estudo compreende em descrever os fatores de risco da sepse e descrever como o enfermeiro atua na sua prevenção na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa de cunho qualitativo e abordagem descritiva, onde foram utilizados os bancos de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, CAPES, BVS e EBSCO, através dos descritores: sepse and unidade de terapia intensiva or enfermagem and fatores de risco or prevenção. Foi evidente que os fatores predisponentes compreendem em idade avançada, sexo masculino, presença de comorbidades, tempo prolongado de internação e utilização de procedimentos ou dispositivos invasivos. Fatores que o enfermeiro deve está atento, possibilitando implementar planos de cuidados eficientes de prevenção do agravo, esses profissionais podem contribuir significativamente na redução da morbimortalidade, prevenindo principalmente as infecções relacionadas à assistência de saúde, com medidas especificas e simples, onde a higiene das mãos mostrou-se crucial para isso.
Dificuldades Enfrentadas pelo Brasil no Controle do Coronavírus / Difficulties Faced by Brazil in Coronavirus Control
Authors: Parente Samuel Batista , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Alencar Gustavo De Oliveira , Sampaio Juliana Ribeiro Francelino , Coelho Maria Eduarda Gomes , Santana Willma José de
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer  as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo governo federal e estadual, bem como também pelos profissionais de saúde, no controle da pandemia mundial causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Para compreensão deste estudo fundamentou-se em artigos dos anos 2019 a 2020, no idioma inglês, português e espanhol, utilizando os seguintes descritores: COVID-19, saúde e governo. Utilizou-se de operadores booleanos “AND”. Os principais temas discutidos foram as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos governadores brasileiros e profissionais de saúde em medidas de prevenção e controle do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) bem como as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos mesmos no combate a doença.