bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon-based double fano resonances photonic integrated gas sensor
Authors: Salama Norhan A. , Alexeree Shaimaa M. , Obayya Salah S. A. , Swillam Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

The telecommunication wavelengths are crucial for developing a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). The absorption fingerprints of many gases lie within these spectral ranges, offering the potential to create a miniaturized gas sensor for PIC. This work presents novel double Fano resonances within the telecommunication band, based on silicon metasurfaces for selective gas sensing applications. Our proposed design comprises periodically coupled nanodisk and nanobar resonators mounted on a quartz substrate. Fano resonances can be engineered across the range from λ = 1.52 μm to λ = 1.7 μm by adjusting various geometrical parameters. A double detection sensor of carbon monoxide (CO) at λ = 1.566 μm and nitrous oxide (N2O) at λ = 1.674 μm is developed. The sensor exhibits exceptional refractometric sensitivity to CO of 1,735 nm/RIU with an outstanding FOM of 11,570 at the first Fano resonance (FR1). In addition, the sensor shows a sensitivity to N2O of 194 nm/RIU accompanied by an FOM of 510 at the second Fano resonance (FR2). The structure reveals absorption losses of 6.3% for CO at the FR1, indicating the sensor selectivity to CO. The sensor is less selective at FR2 and limited to spectral shifts induced by each gas type. Our proposed design holds significant promise for the development of a highly sensitive double-sensing refractometric photonic integrated gas sensor.
Assessment of the relationship between central venous pressure waveform and the severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation using data science
Authors: Akabane Shinichi , Asamoto Masaaki , Azuma Seiichi , Otsuji Mikiya , Uchida Kanji
Published: October 2024

Purpose The relationship between the height of the V wave in the central venous pressure (CVP) waveform and the severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is well known. Their diagnostic ability is unconfirmed. This study explored CVP waveform variations with TR. Methods All patients who underwent preoperative echocardiography and CVP waveform measurements before surgery at our institution were included. Indices were created to capture each feature of the CVP waveform. The median value for each case was obtained and statistically analyzed according to the severity of TR. A deep learning technique, Transformer, was used to handle the complex features of CVP waveforms. Results This study included 436 cases. The values for C wave – Y descent, X descent – Y descent, and V wave – Y descent differed significantly in the Jonckheere–Terpstra test (p = 0.0018, 0.027, and 0.077, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for X descent – Y descent in two groups, none to moderate TR and severe TR, was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.68, 0.98]). For Transformer, the accuracy of the validation dataset was 0.97. Conclusions The shape of the CVP waveform varied with the severity of TR in a large dataset.
Centrally mediated responses to NMES are influenced by muscle group and stimulation parameters
Authors: Popesco Timothée , Gardet Quentin , Bossard Jonathan , Maffiuletti Nicola A. , Place Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Wide-pulse high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WPHF NMES) can generate a progressive increase in tetanic force through reflexive recruitment of motor units, called extra force. This phenomenon has previously been observed on different muscle groups, but little is known on potential inter-muscle differences. We compared extra force and sustained electromyographic (EMG) activity induced by NMES between plantar flexors, knee extensors, elbow flexors and within muscle groups using pulse durations of 0.2, 1 and 2 ms and stimulation frequencies of 20, 50, 100 and 147 Hz. Extra force production and sustained EMG activity were higher for plantar flexors compared to elbow flexors at all tested parameters (except 0.2 ms for extra force). When compared to elbow flexors, extra force of the knee extensors was only higher at 100 Hz and with 1 ms while sustained EMG activity was higher at all frequencies with pulse durations of 0.2 and 2 ms. Peripheral nerve architecture as well as muscle typology and function could influence the occurrence and magnitude of centrally-mediated responses to NMES. The present findings suggest that the use of wide-pulse high-frequency NMES to promote reflexive recruitment seems to be more pertinent for lower limb muscles, plantar flexors in particular.
Fossil biocalcite remains open to isotopic exchange with seawater for tens of millions of years
Authors: Cisneros-Lazaro Deyanira , Adams Arthur , Stolarski Jarosław , Bernard Sylvain , Daval Damien , Baronnet Alain , Grauby Olivier , Baumgartner Lukas P. , Vennemann Torsten , Moore Jo , Baumgartner Claudia , Martin Olmos Cristina , Escrig Stéphane , Meibom Anders
Published: October 2024

Fossilized remains of marine calcifiers constitute the physical basis for reconstructions of both deep ocean and sea-surface temperatures going back millions of years, but paleoclimate records derived from their isotope and trace-element chemistry can be biased by diagenesis. Experiments simulating diagenesis in the presence of an 18O-rich seawater analogue were conducted with modern and 14 Myr old foraminifera (Ammonia sp.) tests to investigate their relative susceptibility to oxygen isotope exchange. The fossilized tests were of exceptional preservation and similar to modern tests in terms of structure and crystalline organization, but had experienced partial loss of embedded organic structures, thus a priori offering fewer preferential pathways for porewaters to penetrate the tests. NanoSIMS imaging revealed that oxygen isotope exchange was pervasive in fossil tests, with isotopic exchange occurring at approximately half the rate of modern tests. The results unequivocally show that fossil biocalcites are metastable and remain more susceptible to isotope exchange than abiotic calcites millions of years after sedimentation and burial.
Impact of contraction intensity and ankle joint angle on calf muscle fascicle length and pennation angle during isometric and dynamic contractions
Authors: Coenning Corinna , Rieg Volker , Siebert Tobias , Wank Veit
Published: October 2024

During muscle contraction, not only are the fascicles shortening but also the pennation angle changes, which leads to a faster contraction of the muscle than of its fascicles. This phenomenon is called muscle gearing, and it has a direct influence on the force output of the muscle. There are few studies showing pennation angle changes during isometric and concentric contractions for different contraction intensities and muscle lengths. Therefore, the aim was to determine these influences over a wide range of contraction intensities and ankle joint angles for human triceps surae. Additionally, the influence of contraction intensity and ankle joint angle on muscle gearing was evaluated. Ten sport students performed concentric and isometric contractions with intensities between 0 and 90% of the maximum voluntary contraction and ankle joint angles from 50° to 120°. During these contractions, the m. gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis and the m. soleus were recorded via ultrasound imaging. A nonlinear relationship between fascicle length and pennation angle was discovered, which can be described with a quadratic fit for each of the muscles during isometric contraction. A nearly identical relationship was detected during dynamic contraction. The muscle gearing increased almost linearly with contraction intensity and ankle joint angle.
Hydration behavior of D-calcium pantothenate (vitamin B5) in the presence of sugar-based deep eutectic solvents at different temperatures: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Beladi Nadia , Ghaffari Fariba , Golmohammadi Behrang , Shekaari Hemayat
Published: October 2024

Considerable efforts have been devoted in recent years to enhancing the efficacy medicinal substance, leading to the discovery of innovative drug formulations and delivery techniques. The successful design of these processes necessitates a profound understanding at the molecular level of how these substances interact with biological membranes. Thorough thermodynamic investigations provide invaluable insights into these interactions and aid in selecting suitable compounds for pharmaceutical production. This study aims to determine the density and speed of sound for D-calcium pantothenate in mixtures of water and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), specifically choline chloride/sucrose, choline chloride/ glucose, and choline chloride/ fructose (with 2:1 molar ratio) over a temperature range of 288.15 K to 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure. In order to predict the behavior of molecules, COSMO model (the Conductor-Like Screening Model) offer complementary strengths in quantum chemistry. This approach allows for calculating solvation free energies, making it ideal for predicting properties like solubility, where understanding solvent-solute interactions is crucial. By correlating the measured parameters using standard relationships, important partial molar parameters such as apparent molar volumes and apparent molar isentropic compressibility are calculated. Additionally, apparent molar isobaric expansion, and Hepler’s constant are derived from the density and speed of sound data. The experimental apparent molar volumes, and apparent molar isentropic compressibility data is fitted to the Redlich-Meyer equation to obtain significant quantities such as standard partial molar volume, and partial molar isentropic compression. The comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of this studied system holds immense significance for advancements in the pharmaceutical industry.
Interface-resolved photovoltage generation dynamics and band structure evolution in a PbS quantum dot solar cell
Authors: Sloboda Tamara , Kammlander Birgit , Berggren Elin , Riva Stefania , Giangrisostomi Erika , Ovsyannikov Ruslan , Rensmo Håkan , Lindblad Andreas , Cappel Ute B.
Published: October 2024

The charge separation and recombination dynamics at different interfaces in a quantum dot solar cell are investigated by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
Functionalization of nano-objects in living anionic polymerization-induced self-assembly and their use for improving thermal properties of epoxy resins
Authors: Guo Guicun , Wu Jiali , Zhang Jingwei , Zhou Peng , Shen Ding , Li Penghan , Wang Guowei
Published: October 2024

Using LAPISA or LAPICA, stabilized PDVB@(PI-b-PS) and PDVB@(PI-b-PS/PS) nano-objects were prepared, functionalized and used as additives for epoxy resin, providing improved Tgs, integrated interfaces, uniform distributions, and scalable applications.
Study of thermodynamic, transport and volumetric properties of nanofluids containing ZrO2 nanoparticles in polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and water
Authors: Jebreili Nasrin , Janbezar Elaheh , Zafarani-Moattar Mohammed Taghi , Shekaari Hemayat , Golmohammadi Behrang
Published: October 2024

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) aqueous nanofluid has been stabilized using PPG and PVP mixture and confirmed with thermophysical properties study and spectroscopic analysis.
Dearomative spirocyclization of ynamides
Authors: Agbaria Mohamed , Egbaria Nwar , Nairoukh Zackaria
Published: October 2024

Given their significant relevance in pharmaceutical applications, we developed a one-pot dearomative spirocyclization reaction of ynamides, furnishing a diverse array of aza-spiro piperidines with various functional handles.
Decellularization of caprine forestomach rumen tissue modified with silver nanowires as an antibacterial skin substitute scaffold in wound care therapeutics
Authors: P. A. Athmana , K. I. Asna Jaleel , Elangovan Sinduja Malarkodi , Paul Riza , Subbaiyan Naveen , Shanmugam Parthiban , Krishnakumar Gopal Shankar
Published: October 2024

Caprine forestomach native collagen (CFNC) modified with silver nanowires (AgNWs) as a new class of biomimetic xenograft for skin regeneration with strong antimicrobial properties.
Modified perylene diimide for femto molar level detection of glucose: smartphone-assisted colorimetric glucose detection kits
Authors: Kaur Rajdeep , Kumar Sanjeev , Liu Siyu , Kumar Kapil , Chen Junsheng , Singh Prabhpreet
Published: October 2024

Radical anions based on modified perylene diimide, with a half-life of 1.5 h and 3 h in oxygenated and hypoxic conditions, have been used for the femto molar level detection of glucose.
The influence of stabiliser concentration on the formation of In2O3 thin films
Authors: Riaz Aysha A. , Kalha Curran , Basso Maria , Füredi Máté , Regoutz Anna
Published: October 2024

This work connects the chemistry of sol–gel solutions with varying stabiliser concentrations to the quality of indium oxide thin films.
Spectra tunable non-fused ring electron acceptors via incorporation of an electron-deficient unit and side-chain engineering
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Mi Yu , Shen Shuaishuai , Song Jinsheng
Published: October 2024

Non-fused-ring acceptors are currently gaining significant attention in research due to their remarkable potential for practical application.
Deep and Shallow Feature Fusion in Feature Score Level for Palmprint Recognition
Authors: Wu Yihang , Hu Junlin
Published: October 2024

Contactless palmprint recognition offers friendly customer experience due to its ability to operate without touching the recognition device under rigid constrained conditions. Recent palmprint recognition methods have shown promising accuracy; however, there still exist some issues that need to be further studied such as the limited discrimination of the single feature and how to effectively fuse deep features and shallow features. In this paper, deep features and shallow features are integrated into a unified framework using feature‐level and score‐level fusion methods. Specifically, deep feature is extracted by residual neural network (ResNet), and shallow features are extracted by principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and competitive coding (CompCode). In feature‐level fusion stage, ResNet feature and PCA feature are dimensionally reduced and fused by canonical correlation analysis technique to achieve the fused feature for the next stage. In score‐level fusion stage, score information is embedded in the fused feature, LDA feature, and CompCode feature to obtain a more reliable and robust recognition performance. The proposed method achieves competitive performance on Tongji dataset and demonstrates more satisfying generalization capabilities on IITD and CASIA datasets. Comprehensive validation across three palmprint datasets confirms the effectiveness of our proposed deep and shallow feature fusion approach.
Investigating The Smart Community Empowerment in the Utilization of Micro Hydro Power Plants (PLTMH): Enhancing The Welfare of Rural Community
Authors: Rachmawatie Dessy
Published: October 2024

The economy of an intelligent society is a concept that describes an economic system in which people have a high understanding of financial management and monetary resources. In the last decade, the idea of community empowerment by utilizing Micro hydropower plants has grown. Factors such as ecological sustainability, preservation of natural resources, and mitigation of negative impacts should be analyzed to assess the success of the project and its long-term effects. A maintained environment will help the well-being of the community, building synergies between environmental sustainability and economic development. It needs to be recognized that challenges may arise in the process of empowering intelligent communities. This study used a mixed-methods approach. The results indicate that the t-statistic is 3.527, beyond 1.96, and the p-value is 0.000, below 0.05; thus, the group’s support for beneficiary empowerment exerts an indirect influence. The influence of group support on participation was indirect, indicated by a t-statistic of 8.082, surpassing 1.96, and a p-value of 0.000, which is below 0.05. The group’s endorsement of rural community development exerts an indirect effect, producing a t-statistic of 5.217, surpassing 1.96, and a p-value of 0.000, which is below 0.05. Moreover, the social capital variable exerts an indirect effect on the advancement of rural communities, demonstrated by a p-value of 0.001, which is less than 0.05, and a t-statistic of 3.360, which is greater than 1.96. This finding suggests that the empowerment of intelligent communities through MHP not only improves economic welfare but also maintains balance with the surrounding environment, resulting in sustainable growth.
Improving Adobe’s Mechanical Properties through Sawdust Reinforcement: A Comparative Study of the effect of varying Sawdust Dimensions
Authors: Azalam Youness , Benfars Mohammed , Alioui Abdelmounaim , Mabrouki Mustapha , Bendada El Maati
Published: October 2024

The construction industry is a significant contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Ecological construction, particularly using soil-based materials, offers a sustainable alternative while maintaining mechanical performance. This study investigates the mechanical properties of adobe, manufactured using the traditional technique from southern Morocco, and reinforced with sawdust fibers of different lengths. A comparative analysis was conducted by varying the sawdust fiber length, from 0.3 to 2 cm, to evaluate its effect on the compressive and flexural strength of the adobe. The results showed that increasing fiber length and dosage enhanced compressive strength, reaching a maximum value of 6.80 MPa. However, the tensile strength of the sawdust fibers was found to have a more significant influence on mechanical performance than fiber length. Due to the low tensile strength of sawdust, the expected improvements in flexural strength were not fully realized. These findings indicate that while fiber length has a positive effect, the tensile strength of the fibers plays a critical role in optimizing mechanical performance.
Übergabe von Intensivpatienten
Authors: Banken Julia , Reifarth Eyleen , Braune Stephan
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?

Kommunikation im klinischen Alltag: Eine effektive Übergabe ist Kernelement einer hochwertigen Versorgung der Patienten und Patientinnen. Kommunikationsdefizite und Informationsverluste bei der Übergabe sind häufig und gefährden die Patientensicherheit.

Herausforderungen bei der Übergabe auf der Intensivstation: Die Kommunikation bei der Übergabe auf der Intensivstation ist besonders herausfordernd: wegen der klinischen Komplexität und der raschen Veränderungen des Behandlungsverlaufs, komplexer interdisziplinärer und interprofessioneller Schnittstellen, sprachlicher Hürden, situativer und struktureller Störfaktoren, personeller Belastungsfaktoren sowie den Kommunikations- und Fehlerkulturen in den Behandlungsteams.

Strategien zur Optimierung der Übergabe: Neben der Vermeidung von Störfaktoren und der Schaffung optimaler Kommunikationsbedingungen und personeller Ressourcen, kommt der in der Literatur empfohlenen Anwendung standardisierter und strukturierter Übergaben – mithilfe von Protokollen und Checklisten als Teil eines Maßnahmenbündels – eine entscheidende Rolle bei der effektiven und sicheren Patientenversorgung zu.
Lungensport: Für wen, wie und warum?
Authors: Gloeckl Rainer , Jarosch Inga , Koczulla Andreas Rembert
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?

Lungensport – Für wen? Lungensport ist als Rechtsanspruch im SGB IX verankert, was die Teilnahme und Verordnung für Patienten mit chronischen Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen vereinfacht. Eine ärztliche Untersuchung unter Berücksichtigung spezifischer Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien vor Aufnahme in eine Lungensportgruppe gewährleistet die sichere Teilnahme. Aktuell gibt es in Deutschland 1868 Lungensportgruppen für Erwachsene und 45 Lungensportgruppen für Kinder, an insgesamt 872 Standorten.

Lungensport – Wie? Der klassische Lungensport wird in Präsenzgruppen über eine Dauer von 60 bis 90 Minuten einmal wöchentlich mit einer strukturierten Aufwärm-, Haupt- und Nachbereitungsphase durchgeführt. Die Einführung von Online-Lungensportgruppen seit der Corona-Pandemie ermöglicht ergänzend eine flexible Teilnahme (auch ohne Verordnung). Seit 2021 haben bereits mehr als 11 000 Patienten an Online-Lungensportgruppen teilgenommen.

Lungensport – Warum? Studien bestätigen den signifikanten Nutzen eines regelmäßigen körperlichen Trainings, wie z.B. die Steigerung der körperlichen Belastbarkeit und die Reduktion von Atemnot. Der psychosoziale Nutzen und die Förderung der Selbstwirksamkeit werden durch die Gruppenstruktur und die Betreuung durch spezialisierte Übungsleiter unterstützt. Regelmäßiges körperliches Training (z.B. im Rahmen des Lungensports) ist eine kostengünstige und sehr effektive Therapieform zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität von Patienten mit chronischen Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen.
Was gibt es Neues zu Peri- und Postmenopause?
Authors: Tropschuh Katharina , Seifert-Klauss Vanadin
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu

Menopausale Beschwerden erhalten mehr Aufmerksamkeit Seit 2022 ist die Menopause ein „heißes“ Gesprächsthema auf vielen Kanälen. Patientinnen fordern zunehmend Rat und Abhilfe bei Beschwerden. Dies hat zu einem Boom von Social-Media-Foren, Menopause-Zentren und Internet-Angeboten geführt.

Neuer Begriff für vulvavaginale-Atrophie: genitourinäres Syndrom der Menopause (GSM) GSM umfasst urogenitale Symptome wie Scheidentrockenheit (vaginale Trockenheit), Brennen und Juckreiz, urologische Beschwerden wie Dysurie, Kontaktblutungen, und Schmerzen bei Geschlechtsverkehr. GSM entsteht, wenn ein Estrogenmangel über mehr als 3 Monate besteht und dann zu einer Veränderung des vaginalen Mikrobioms und Atrophie des Vaginalepithels führen kann. Diese Veränderungen können die Lebensqualität über viele Jahre hinweg deutlich einschränken und sind gut und risikoarm lokal therapierbar.

Wenn Frauen sich nicht mehr wiedererkennen – symptomatische Perimenopause Brustspannen, Schlafstörungen, Stimmungsschwankungen, Palpitationen, Panikattacken, Gelenkschmerzen, Schwindelgefühle, Kopfschmerzen, und kognitive Aussetzer („brain fog“) wurden in einer internationalen Online-Studie mit 2400 Frauen (35–55 Jahre) von mehr als 20% der Teilnehmerinnen noch vor der Menopause benannt. Viele Frauen erleben plötzlich Symptome, die sie als überwältigend empfinden und nicht einordnen können, und die Ängste vor einer schweren Erkrankung auslösen können. Nicht selten führt dies dazu, umfangreiche Abklärungen zu veranlassen.

Menopausale Beschwerden dauern sehr viel länger als früher gedacht. Frauen mit ersten Hitzewallungen in der Prämenopause oder frühen Perimenopause erlebten in der SWAN-Studie (The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation) eine längere Gesamtdauer der Beschwerden (Median > 11,8 Jahre). Bei Frauen mit den ersten Hitzewallungen in der Postmenopause hielten die vasomotorischen Symptome (VMS) hingegen kürzer an (Median: 3,4 Jahre).

Bluthochdruck und Menopause Estrogen-Mangel als prädisponierender Faktor für postmenopausalen Bluthochdruck ist relativ gut belegt, möglicherweise haben Altern, Stress, und andere Faktoren jedoch noch eine höhere Relevanz. Der schützende Effekt einer menopausalen Hormontherapie ist nicht unumstritten.

Behandlungsoptionen für menopausale VMS Für die Behandlung der VMS empfehlen deutsche und internationale Leitlinien sowohl medikamentöse als auch nicht medikamentöse beziehungsweise nicht verschreibungspflichtige Optionen.

Fezolinetant und Elinzanetant: neue Substanzen zur Behandlung von VMS In Deutschland wurde 2024 der erste Neurokinin-3-Rezeptor-Antagonist (Fezolinetant) als Vertreter einer neuen Substanzklasse zur VMS-Therapie bei postmenopausalen Frauen zugelassen. NK3R-Antagonisten können die KNDy-assoziierten Signalwege zur Aktivierung des Thermoregulationszentrums blockieren und so VMS reduzieren.
Chronische Obstipation
Authors: Andresen Viola , Layer Peter
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?

Anorektale Funktionsdiagnostik Eine frühzeitige anorektale Funktionsdiagnostik zur Stratifizierung der weiteren Therapiewege ist kosteneffizient.

Therapie mit Laxanzien Klassische Laxanzien wie Macrogol, Bisacodyl und Natriumpicosulfat können nach aktueller Studienlage unbedenklich auch langfristig eingesetzt werden. Moderne Obstipations-Medikamente wie z.B. Linaclotid und Plecanatid sind oft hochwirksame Reservemedikament für die anderweitig nicht therapierbare Obstipation, insbesondere auch bei begleitenden Reizdarmsymptomen. Die Hürden der Verschreibung limitieren den Einsatz.

Neue Therapieentwicklungen Eine mögliche neue Therapieoption könnte eine vibrierende Kapsel sein, die oral eingenommen wird und die auf ihrem Weg durch den Gastrointestinaltrakt die Darmmotorik von innen stimulieren soll. Die Kapsel ist derzeit nur in den USA zugelassen. Die aktualisierte Leitlinie Chronische Obstipation empfiehlt weiter eine therapeutische Stufenstrategie. Therapiemaßnahmen sollten bedarfsadaptiert eingesetzt werden. Um Fehltherapien zu vermeiden, ist die Detektion der Ursachen einer Stuhlentleerungsstörung von großer Bedeutung.
Genetik in der Nephrologie – was ist neu?
Authors: Bartram Malte P. , Beck Bodo B. , Müller Roman-Ulrich
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?

Hohe Prävalenz genetischer Nierenerkrankungen In Kohorten von Nieren-Transplantationsempfängern findet sich bei bis zu 30% eine monogene Ursache. Die Aufdeckung der genetischen Ursache von Nierenerkrankungen ist durch den technologischen Fortschritt in der DNA-Sequenzierung deutlich einfacher geworden.

CKD unklarer Ätiologie Weiterhin können nicht alle Fälle aufgeklärt werden. Wichtig ist in jedem Fall, bei Patienten mit unklarer Ätiologie die Frage zu stellen, ob der diagnostische Algorithmus komplett durchlaufen wurde. Die klare Benennung einer CKDu (Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown aetiology) ist bedeutend besser als das Heranziehen schlecht definierter und damit oft fehlleitender Diagnosen.

Genetische Diagnostik – Diagnostische Lücken Die Aussagekraft der genetischen Diagnostik hängt wesentlich von einer guten klinischen Phänotypisierung des Patienten ab. Eine umfassende Abstimmung mit den Kollegen der Humangenetik – unter Berücksichtigung der klinischen Präsentation und der vermuteten genetischen Nierenerkrankung – ist sinnvoll, um die geeignete Diagnostik auszuwählen.

Gezielte Therapien für genetische Nierenerkrankungen Das zunehmende Wissen über die Pathophysiologie genetischer Nierenerkrankungen führt zu einer wachsenden Zahl zielgerichteter Therapien. Kürzlich sind spannende, neue Ansätze hinzugekommen, wie z.B. die ersten siRNA-Therapien in der Nephrologie für die primäre Hyperoxalurie Typ 1, die gezielte Behandlung der Hyperphagie bei Bardet-Biedl-Syndrom, die Therapie der APOL1-assoziierten Nierenerkrankung oder die Verwendung des HIF-2-Antagonisten Belzutifan für das Nierenzell-Karzinom bei Von-Hippel-Lindau-Syndrom.

Zentren für seltene Erkrankungen In der Verbesserung der Versorgung spielt die flächendeckende Einrichtung von inzwischen 36 Zentren für Seltene Erkrankungen eine wichtige Rolle.
Migrationsmedizin – Besondere infektiöse und nicht-infektiöse Erkrankungen
Authors: Distelmaier Laura , Ehrlich Sabine , Wallrauch Claudia , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Rothe Camilla
Published: October 2024

Was ist neu?

Infektiöse Erkrankungen Rund 1/3 der Bevölkerung Deutschlands hat einen Migrationshintergrund. Laut dem Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge sind 2022 rund 2,7 Millionen Menschen nach Deutschland geflüchtet oder anderweitig zugewandert 1. Durch den Zustrom von Menschen aus verschiedensten Ländern wird das Gesundheitspersonal mit einem großen Spektrum an Erkrankungen konfrontiert, die in Deutschland sonst nur sehr selten vorkommen.

Hämoglobinopathien Luspatercept kann als ergänzende Therapie für die transfusionsabhängigen und nicht transfusionsabhängigen Beta-Thalassämien eingesetzt werden. Die Gentherapie mit Exagamglogen-Autotemcel ist eine neue, potenziell kurative Therapie für die Beta-Thalassaemia major und die Sichelzellkrankheit.
Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal (Type 3C) with Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia and Bilateral Sclerochoroidal Calcification
Authors: Charan Bheru Dan , Jain Savyasachi , Gaikwad Shailesh B.
Published: October 2024

The persistent craniopharyngeal canal is a rare, well-corticated midline congenital bony defect through the sphenoid bone between the sellar floor and the nasopharyngeal roof. The prevalence of persistent craniopharyngeal canal is reported to be 0.42%. A 42-year-old male was evaluated for nasal discharge and progressive vision loss; and underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed a large craniopharyngeal canal with ectopic pituitary, lipoma, encephalocele, deformed globe with sclerochoroidal calcification and vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. The presence of orbital and optic tract malformation, craniofacial anomalies, and tumors can be associated with the craniopharyngeal canal.
Simulation study on infrared radiation characteristics of jet nozzle of turbofan engine by lobe mixer
Authors: Chen Lihai , Lou Zongyong , Li Dawei , Qiao Lei
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of infrared detection technology, the importance and urgency of air-craft infrared stealth are becoming increasingly prominent. The engine exhaust system is one of the main infrared radiation sources of fighter aircraft, and it is of great significance to effectively suppress the infrared radiation of the engine exhaust system and tail jet. In this paper, based on the Reverse Monte Carlo Method, a program is developed to calculate the infrared radiation characteristics of an aeroengine exhaust system and evaluate the infrared suppression effect. The Ray Tracing Method is created to search the control body that passes through the ray transmission path, and the computing efficiency is greatly improved. Based on the program, the effect of the lobe mixer on the infrared characteristics of the engine exhaust system is analyzed. The results show that the use of the lobe mixer can not only effectively suppress the gas radiation but also reduce the solid radiation intensity of the high temperature wall and play a good infrared suppression effect on all detection directions of the exhaust system.
eIF4F controls ERK MAPK signaling in melanomas with
BRAF
and
NRAS
mutations
Authors: Valcikova Barbora , Vadovicova Natalia , Smolkova Karolina , Zacpalova Magdalena , Krejci Pavel , Lee Shannon , Rauch Jens , Kolch Walter , von Kriegsheim Alexander , Dorotikova Anna , Andrysik Zdenek , Vichova Rachel , Vacek Ondrej , Soucek Karel , Uldrijan Stjepan
Published: October 2024

The eIF4F translation initiation complex plays a critical role in melanoma resistance to clinical BRAF and MEK inhibitors. In this study, we uncover a function of eIF4F in the negative regulation of the rat sarcoma (RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. We demonstrate that eIF4F is essential for controlling ERK signaling intensity in treatment-naïve melanoma cells harboring
BRAF
or
NRAS
mutations. Specifically, the dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP6/MKP3, which acts as a negative feedback regulator of ERK activity, requires continuous production in an eIF4F-dependent manner to limit excessive ERK signaling driven by oncogenic RAF/RAS mutations. Treatment with small-molecule eIF4F inhibitors disrupts the negative feedback control of MAPK signaling, leading to ERK hyperactivation and EGR1 overexpression in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, our quantitative analyses reveal a high spare signaling capacity in the ERK pathway, suggesting that eIF4F-dependent feedback keeps the majority of ERK molecules inactive under normal conditions. Overall, our findings highlight the crucial role of eIF4F in regulating ERK signaling flux and suggest that pharmacological eIF4F inhibitors can disrupt the negative feedback control of MAPK activity in melanomas with
BRAF
and
NRAS
activating mutations.
Three-dimensional isotropic imaging of live suspension cells enabled by droplet microvortices
Authors: Cardenas-Benitez Braulio , Hurtado Richard , Luo Xuhao , Lee Abraham P.
Published: October 2024

Fast, nondestructive three-dimensional (3D) imaging of live suspension cells remains challenging without substrate treatment or fixation, precluding scalable single-cell morphometry with minimal alterations. While optical sectioning techniques achieve 3D live cell imaging, lateral versus depth resolution differences further complicate analysis. We present a scalable microfluidic method capable of 3D fluorescent isotropic imaging of live, nonadherent cells suspended inside picoliter droplets with high-speed single-cell volumetric readout (800 to 1,200 slices in 5 to 8 s) and near-diffraction limit resolution (~216 nm). The platform features a droplet trap array that leverages flow-induced droplet interfacial shear to generate intradroplet microvortices, which rotate single cells on their axis to enable optical projection tomography (OPT)-based imaging. This allows gentle (~1 mPa shear stress) observation of cells encapsulated inside nontoxic isotonic buffer droplets, facilitating scalable OPT acquisition by simultaneous spinning of hundreds of cells. We demonstrate 3D imaging of live myeloid and lymphoid cells in suspension, including K562 cells, as well as naive and activated T cells—small cells prone to movement in their suspended phenotype. Our fully suspended, orientation-independent cell morphometry, driven by isotropic imaging and spherical harmonic analysis, enabled the study of primary T cells across various immunological activation states. This approach unveiled six distinct nuclear content distributions, contrasting with conventional 2D images that typically portray spheroid and bean-like nuclear shapes associated with lymphocytes. Our arrayed-droplet OPT technology is capable of isotropic, single live-cell 3D imaging, with the potential to perform large-scale morphometry of immune cell effector function states while providing compatibility with microfluidic droplet operations.
Interferon lambda 4 is a gut antimicrobial protein
Authors: Xiao Xun , Wang Jinting , Ma Jun , Peng Xuan , Wu Shengqiang , Chen Xiaolei , Lu Hao , Tan Chen , Fang Liurong , Xiao Shaobo
Published: October 2024

To withstand complex microbial challenges, the mammalian gut largely depends on the secretion of diverse antimicrobial proteins. Type III interferons (IFNλs) are ordinarily considered inducible antiviral cytokines involved in intestinal immunity. Unlike other IFNλs, we found that newly identified IFNλ4 is an intestinal antibacterial protein. Large amounts of natural IFNλ4 are present in the secretory layer of the intestinal tracts of healthy piglets, which suggests that IFNλ4 is in direct physiological contact with microbial pathogens. We also identified two biochemical functions of mammalian IFNλ4, the induction of bacterial agglutination and direct microbial killing, which are not functions of the other IFNλs. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that after binding to the carbohydrate fraction of lipopolysaccharide, mammalian IFNλ4 self-assembles into bacteria-surrounding nanoparticles that agglutinate bacteria, and that its unique cationic amphiphilic molecular structure facilitates the destruction of bacterial membranes. Our data reveal features of IFNλ4 distinct from those of previously reported IFNλs and suggest that noncanonical IFNλ4 is deeply involved in intestinal immunity, beyond simply cytokine signaling.
A grammatical analysis of American and British pop music
Authors: Shigeta-Watanabe Ayano
Published: October 2024

Previous work has shown that American-influenced singing is common in British pop music (BPM). While the
existing largely literature focuses on phonetic analysis, this study investigates grammatical variables.
The data are drawn from two 1.5-million-word corpora that contain songs performed by either American or British singers during the
years 1953–2009. Four grammatical items that tend to appear more frequently in American English than in British English are
extracted (ain’t, third-person don’t, multiple negation, and the intensifier
so). The frequency of these items is examined, as are genre and diachronic effects, and the patterns in the two
corpora are then contrasted. A multivariate analysis through GoldVarb X reveals a high level of similarity in
terms of the relative strength of these predictor variables and the quantitative tendency of each factor. The results are
interpreted within an audience/reference design framework as evidence of the influence of American music on BPM.
Detecting the tidal heating with the generic extreme mass-ratio inspirals
Authors: Zi Tieguang , Ye Chang-Qing , Li Peng-Cheng
Published: October 2024

The horizon of a classical black hole (BH), functioning as a one-way membrane, plays a vital role in the dynamic evolution of binary BHs, capable of absorbing fluxes entirely.
Tidal heating, stemming from this phenomenon, exerts a notable influence on the production of gravitational waves (GWs). If at least one member of a binary is an exotic compact object (ECO) instead of a BH, the absorption of fluxes is expected to be incomplete and the tidal heating would be different. Thus, tidal heating can be utilized for model-independent investigations into the nature of compact object. In this paper, assuming that the extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) contains a stellar-mass compact object orbiting around a massive ECO with a reflective surface, we compute the GWs from the generic EMRI orbits. Using the accurate and analytic flux formulas in the black hole spacetime, we adapted these formulas in the vicinity of the ECO surface by incorporating a reflectivity parameter.
Under the adiabatic approximation, we can evolve the orbital parameters and compute the EMRI waveforms. The effect of tidal heating for the spinning and non-spinning objects can be used to constrain the reflectivity of the surface at the level of 𝒪(10-6) by computing the mismatch and fisher information matrix.
Analysis of Chiller Machine Energy Efficiency in the Paint Shop Air Handling Unit (AHU) Process
Authors: Maulana H , Kusumah L H
Published: October 2024

The Energy Efficiency in Industrial, Commercial, and Public Sector (EINCOPS) program is the result of a collaboration between the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources and Danida (Danish International Development Assistance), which began in 2008 to support Indonesian government policies in achieving development goals in the field of sustainable environmental management. Energy users have gradually adopted energy efficiency measures in the industrial, commercial, and public sectors, starting with a large class. This research aims to obtain the optimal temperature range for using a chiller machine so that it continues to run efficiently. The method used is to calculate the coefficient of performance and energy efficiency ratio of each chiller when it is used. The number of chillers can be affected by the temperature range of the air handling unit (AHU), which uses wind from the environment as the main source for processing, and the temperature range is linear with weather conditions. This research found that in the environmental temperature range of 26°–29° Celsius taken by AHU for distribution to production areas, chiller performance is still not optimal. In the previous operation, three chillers were used out of the four available units, so after knowing the results of the chiller load analysis in this temperature range were still below standard or not optimal, the number of chillers could be reduced from three units full time to only two units when the temperature environment was in the range of 26°–29° Celsius. The results of calculating the average Coefficient of Performance and Efficiency Energy Ratio using two chillers when the temperature range of 26°–29° Celsius is still included in the standard, namely by increasing 0.15, the pre-improvement value is 5,833, and the chiller efficiency load increases to 14 percent.
Polyvinyl alcohol dyed with methyl red as a radiochromic film dosimeter for gamma radiation
Authors: Putri M A E , Rahmawati R , Roja’i A M , Fitriana R , Yunus M Y , Suhartini M , Anggarini N H , Rachmanto A , Rekso G T , Syarif D G , Prajitno D H
Published: October 2024

A Radiochromic film dosimeter for gamma radiation was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and methyl red (MR) by condensation polymerization. To confirm the reaction, the obtained PVA-MR film was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and compared to PVA film. The result shows the appearance of new vibrational stretching at ~1700 cm−1, related to carbonyl groups, indicating that the reaction between PVA and MR has been successfully done. The effect of radiation on the color change characteristic of PVA-MR film and its possibility to be used as a radiochromic film dosimeter were investigated using ultraviolet (UV)-Vis spectrophotometry. The absorption spectrum of PVA-MR can be seen in the visible region at ~420 nm, which is characteristic of red, and the film undergoes decolorization gradually from red to transparent when exposed to gamma radiation up to 100 kGy. Moreover, the response of these dosimeters at different times after irradiation was tested and the energy band gap, Eg, was also calculated.
Simulation and Performance of 99Mo/99mTc Radioisotope Separation by Modified Extraction Method
Authors: Chaidir P. , Yoshitaka F. , Indra S. , Marlina  , Fani T. , Ilhami A. , Maria C.P. , Kunihiko T. , Teguh A. , Imam P.
Published: October 2024

Technetium-99m (99mTc) is a nuclide in nuclear medicine, commonly derived as a decay product from molybdenum-99 (99Mo). Unfortunately, Japan and Indonesia rely entirely on imports for their 99Mo/99mTc supply. This study aims to determine the distribution coefficient (Kd) for the 99Mo/99mTc production process and assess the efficiency of Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) as a solvent in the extraction process. The method Initial tests using Rhenium (Re) as a substitute for 99mTc, conducted in collaboration with the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), revealed optimal conditions: a standing time of 5 to 15 minutes, a mixing time of 3 minutes with a motor speed of 250 rpm, and a MEK volume exceeding 20 ml. These conditions yielded a Re extraction efficiency exceeding 85.14%, with a Re elution yield of up to 98.73%. These findings served as a database for experiments involving 99Mo/99mTc conducted at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). In hot experiments, the 99mTc recovery rate through MEK exceeded 100%, while the elution process achieved a recovery rate of 97.81%. Through simulation and facility enhancements in the hot cell, the 99mTc extraction recovery increased to 44.86%, and elution recovery ranged from 90.62%. From the calculation results, the distribution coefficient value database (Kd-99mTc) was 0.45. Radionuclide and radiochemistry purity of the 99mTc solution were assessed using the Gamma Spectrometer and TLC Scanner, resulting in purity of 99.90% and 99.80%, respectively. These results underscore the potential for domestic production 99mTc, reducing reliance on imports.
The Influence of Cuprum (II) Acetate (Cu (CH3COO)2) Dopant and Heating Temperature in The Fabrication of Thin Films of Barium Strontium Titanate (Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3)
Authors: Irzaman  , Pratama Fanny Indriyani , Santi Maya Ary , Rukyati Anis Munir , Nabila Pristy Tasya , Azzahra Fara Aulia , Riyadh Farsyah Teuku Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Barium Strontium Titanate (BST), or BaxSr1-xTiO3, is an excellent ferroelectric material that is widely used on thin film applications in microelectronic devices, making BST very essential to the tech industries. This research aims to fabricate Cuprum doped BST thin films at low temperature using the Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) and spin coating technique, and then to analyze the thin film’s band gap energy from the UV-Vis curve, XRD Spectral and EDAX. The advantage lies in the use of low temperatures in which it allows a significant energy savings compared to other studies. Using the Kubelka-Munk method with the Tauc Plot relation, the bandgap energy values for each BST substrates were obtained. Without Cuprum (II) Acetate dopant, the Band Gap values of the thin film samples are 3.84 eV and 3.77 eV. With 3% concentration of Cuprum (II) Acetate dopant, we obtained smaller Band Gap values, which are 3.74 eV and 3.71 eV. Based on the XRD spectral analysis, the lattice parameters were determined with a tetragonal crystal structure. However, according to the EDAX analysis, the elemental composition obtained is not yet stoichiometric. This research is important to serve as a reference for other researchers and manufacturers to opt into fabrication of thin films with lower energy cost, provide guidance for researchers to have more flexibility in their own thin film fabrication.
Preliminary Assessment of Liquefaction Vulnerability using Microtremor Analysis in North Lombok
Authors: Taruna R M , Septiadhi A , Sungkono  , Mase L Z , Mashuri
Published: October 2024

One of the disasters associated with the Mw 6.9 Lombok earthquake on August 5, 2018 was liquefaction. The liquefaction took the form of sand boil and lateral spreading, causing damage to buildings, docks, and wells in the North Lombok region. Therefore, liquefaction vulnerability assessment in this region is necessary to prevent future damage. This study presents an assessment of the liquefaction vulnerability in North Lombok using microtremor analysis. Single-station microtremor measurements were conducted at 37 sites, including around the liquefaction sites caused by the 2018 event. The soil susceptibility index (Kg
) was estimated from these recordings using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) and compared with geological conditions and liquefaction history. A comparison of the spatial distribution between Kg values and liquefaction sites shows that almost all liquefaction events occur at Kg
values greater than 6. Our results also show that liquefaction events occur mostly in coastal areas, illustrating a strong influence of groundwater level on liquefaction potential. This research finds that microtremor analysis combined with groundwater level information can adequately illustrate the liquefaction potential of an area. Therefore, this study can also identify highly liquefiable zones in North Lombok.
Preliminary study of coda wave attenuation around Yogyakarta based on Meramex temporary stations data
Authors: Prasetio A D , Anggono T , Triahadini A , Putra A S , Syuhada  , Ramdhan M , Febriani F , Setyonegoro W , Dewi C N , Hasib M
Published: October 2024

The tail of a seismogram record, the coda, usually comes from the high-order scattered waves from some heterogeneities in the earth’s crust. Coda waves can be used to estimate the earthquake attenuation, site amplification and to determine the magnitudes. This preliminary study investigates the seismic attenuation property around the Yogyakarta region, Indonesia, from the Meramex temporary network. The Meramex network was installed from May to October 2004. We estimated the coda wave attenuation using the back-scattering model. We presented results from two station measurements (AJ1 and AI1) in this preliminary study. We analyzed shallow earthquakes (<40km) with distances less than 3 degrees. We bandpass filter the data with central frequencies of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 Hz. The coda window begins from twice the S-wave arrival time with a window length between 20 and 80 seconds. We estimated the coda quality factor (Qc) for each central frequency. The Qc at reference frequency 1 Hz yields the estimation for Q0
and the frequency-dependent factor (η) of 64 - 134 and 1.14-0.95, respectively. The Q0
value increased significantly in the window length of 20 to 30 seconds and was relatively stable in the window length of 30 seconds, but the η value is the contrary. The rise of the Q0
and decrease of η is apparently due to the heterogeneity of the earth’s crust, and the flat may be associated with the uniformity of the upper mantle.