bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography
Authors: Maier-Hein Klaus H. , Neher Peter F. , Houde Jean-Christophe , Côté Marc-Alexandre , Garyfallidis Eleftherios , Zhong Jidan , Chamberland Maxime , Yeh Fang-Cheng , Lin Ying-Chia , Ji Qing , Reddick Wilburn E. , Glass John O. , Chen David Qixiang , Feng Yuanjing , Gao Chengfeng , Wu Ye , Ma Jieyan , He Renjie , Li Qiang , Westin Carl-Fredrik , Deslauriers-Gauthier Samuel , González J. Omar Ocegueda , Paquette Michael , St-Jean Samuel , Girard Gabriel , Rheault François , Sidhu Jasmeen , Tax Chantal M. W. , Guo Fenghua , Mesri Hamed Y. , Dávid Szabolcs , Froeling Martijn , Heemskerk Anneriet M. , Leemans Alexander , Boré Arnaud , Pinsard Basile , Bedetti Christophe , Desrosiers Matthieu , Brambati Simona , Doyon Julien , Sarica Alessia , Vasta Roberta , Cerasa Antonio , Quattrone Aldo , Yeatman Jason , Khan Ali R. , Hodges Wes , Alexander Simon , Romascano David , Barakovic Muhamed , Auría Anna , Esteban Oscar , Lemkaddem Alia , Thiran Jean-Philippe , Cetingul H. Ertan , Odry Benjamin L. , Mailhe Boris , Nadar Mariappan S. , Pizzagalli Fabrizio , Prasad Gautam , Villalon-Reina Julio E. , Galvis Justin , Thompson Paul M. , Requejo Francisco De Santiago , Laguna Pedro Luque , Lacerda Luis Miguel , Barrett Rachel , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Catani Marco , Petit Laurent , Caruyer Emmanuel , Daducci Alessandro , Dyrby Tim B. , Holland-Letz Tim , Hilgetag Claus C. , Stieltjes Bram , Descoteaux Maxime
Published: November 2017

Tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations.
Resistance to TGFβ suppression and improved anti-tumor responses in CD8+ T cells lacking PTPN22
Authors: Brownlie Rebecca J. , Garcia Celine , Ravasz Mate , Zehn Dietmar , Salmond Robert J. , Zamoyska Rose
Published: November 2017

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is important in maintaining self-tolerance and inhibits T cell reactivity. We show that CD8+ T cells that lack the tyrosine phosphatase Ptpn22, a major predisposing gene for autoimmune disease, are resistant to the suppressive effects of TGFβ. Resistance to TGFβ suppression, while disadvantageous in autoimmunity, helps Ptpn22
−/−
T cells to be intrinsically superior at clearing established tumors that secrete TGFβ. Mechanistically, loss of Ptpn22 increases the capacity of T cells to produce IL-2, which overcomes TGFβ-mediated suppression. These data suggest that a viable strategy to improve anti-tumor adoptive cell therapy may be to engineer tumor-restricted T cells with mutations identified as risk factors for autoimmunity.
Convenient iron-catalyzed reductive aminations without hydrogen for selective synthesis of N-methylamines
Authors: Natte Kishore , Neumann Helfried , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2017

N-Methylated amines play an important role in regulating the biological and pharmaceutical properties of all kinds of life science molecules. In general, this class of compounds is synthesizedviareductive amination reactions using high pressure of molecular hydrogen. Thus, on laboratory scale especially in drug discovery, activated (toxic) methyl compounds such as methyl iodide and dimethyl sulfate are still employed, which also generate significant amounts of waste. Therefore, the development of more convenient and operationally simple processes for the synthesis of advancedN-methylamines is highly desired. Herein, we report the synthesis of functionalized and structurally diverseN-methylamines directly from nitroarenes and paraformaldehyde, in which the latter acts as both methylation and reducing agent in the presence of reusable iron oxide catalyst. The general applicability of this protocol is demonstrated by the synthesis of >50 importantN-methylamines including highly selective reductiveN-methylations of life science molecules and actual drugs, namely hordenine, venlafaxine, imipramine and amitriptyline.
Atomically dispersed hybrid nickel-iridium sites for photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Cui Chunhua , Heggen Marc , Zabka Wolf-Dietrich , Cui Wei , Osterwalder Jürg , Probst Benjamin , Alberto Roger
Published: November 2017

Atomically dispersed supported catalysts can maximize atom efficiency and minimize cost. In spite of much progress in gas-phase catalysis, applying such catalysts in the field of renewable energy coupled with electrochemistry remains a challenge due to their limited durability in electrolyte. Here, we report a robust and atomically dispersed hybrid catalyst formed in situ on a hematite semiconductor support during photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution by electrostatic adsorption of soluble monomeric [Ir(OH)6]2− coupled to positively charged NiOx sites. The alkali-stable [Ir(OH)6]2− features synergistically enhanced activity toward water oxidation through NiOx that acts as a “movable bridge” of charge transfer from the hematite surface to the single iridium center. This hybrid catalyst sustains high performance and stability in alkaline electrolyte for >80 h of operation. Our findings provide a promising path for soluble catalysts that are weakly and reversibly bound to semiconductor-supported hole-accumulation inorganic materials under catalytic reaction conditions as hybrid active sites for photoelectrocatalysis.
Leucine repeat adaptor protein 1 interacts with Dishevelled to regulate gastrulation cell movements in zebrafish
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Ning , Shao Ming , Li Ji-Tong , Wang Yan-Fei , Qi Jing , Xu Zhi-Gang , Shi De-Li
Published: November 2017

Gastrulation is a fundamental morphogenetic event that requires polarised cell behaviours for coordinated asymmetric cell movements. Wnt/PCP signalling plays a critical role in this process. Dishevelled is an important conserved scaffold protein that relays Wnt/PCP signals from membrane receptors to the modulation of cytoskeleton organisation. However, it remains unclear how its activity is regulated for the activation of downstream effectors. Here, we report that Lurap1 is a Dishevelled-interacting protein that regulates Wnt/PCP signalling in convergence and extension movements during vertebrate gastrulation. Its loss-of-function leads to enhanced Dishevelled membrane localisation and increased JNK activity. In maternal-zygotic lurap1 mutant zebrafish embryos, cell polarity and directional movement are disrupted. Time-lapse analyses indicate that Lurap1, Dishevelled, and JNK functionally interact to orchestrate polarised cellular protrusive activity, and Lurap1 is required for coordinated centriole/MTOC positioning in movement cells. These findings demonstrate that Lurap1 functions to regulate cellular polarisation and motile behaviours during gastrulation movements.
Transcriptomics-driven lipidomics (TDL) identifies the microbiome-regulated targets of ileal lipid metabolism
Authors: Chakrabarti Anirikh , Membrez Mathieu , Morin-Rivron Delphine , Siddharth Jay , Chou Chieh Jason , Henry Hugues , Bruce Stephen , Metairon Sylviane , Raymond Frederic , Betrisey Bertrand , Loyer Carole , Parkinson Scott J. , Masoodi Mojgan
Published: November 2017

The gut microbiome and lipid metabolism are both recognized as essential components in the maintenance of metabolic health. The mechanisms involved are multifactorial and (especially for microbiome) poorly defined. A strategic approach to investigate the complexity of the microbial influence on lipid metabolism would facilitate determination of relevant molecular mechanisms for microbiome-targeted therapeutics. E. coli is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome and we used this association in conjunction with gnotobiotic models to investigate the impact of E. coli on lipid metabolism. To address the complexities of the integration of the microbiome and lipid metabolism, we developed transcriptomics-driven lipidomics (TDL) to predict the impact of E. coli colonization on lipid metabolism and established mediators of inflammation and insulin resistance including arachidonic acid metabolism, alterations in bile acids and dietary lipid absorption. A microbiome-related therapeutic approach targeting these mechanisms may therefore provide a therapeutic avenue supporting maintenance of metabolic health.
The expression of miRNAs is associated with tumour genome instability and predicts the outcome of ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum agents
Authors: Wang Tianzhen , Wang Guangyu , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wu Di , Yang Lei , Wang Guangyou , Hao Dapeng
Published: November 2017

miRNAs, a class of short but stable noncoding RNA molecules, have been revealed to play important roles in the DNA damage response (DDR). However, their functions in cancer genome instability and the consequent clinical effect as the response to chemotherapy have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized multidimensional TCGA data and the known miRNAs involved in DDR to identify a miRNA-regulatory network that responds to DNA damage. Additionally, based on the expression of ten miRNAs in this network, we developed a 10-miRNA-score that predicts defects in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway and genome instability in ovarian cancer. Importantly, consistent with the association between HR defects and improved response to chemotherapeutic agents, the 10-miRNA-score predicts the outcome of ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum agents, with a surprisingly better performance than the indexes of DNA damage. Therefore, our study demonstrates the implication of miRNA expression on cancer genome instability and provides an alternative method to identify DDR defects in patients who show the best effect with platinum drug treatment.
Cardiovascular consequences of myocardial bridging: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Hostiuc Sorin , Rusu Mugurel Constantin , Hostiuc Mihaela , Negoi Ruxandra Irina , Negoi Ionuț
Published: November 2017

Myocardial bridging, a congenital abnormality in which a coronary artery tunnels through the myocardial fibres was usually considered a benign condition. Many studies suggested a potential hemodynamic significance of myocardial bridging and some, usually case reports, implied a possible correlation between it and various cardiovascular pathologies like acute myocardial infarction, ventricular rupture, life-threatening arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome or sudden death. The main objective of this article is to evaluate whether myocardial bridging may be associated with significant cardiac effects or if it is strictly a benign anatomical variation. To this purpose, we performed a meta-analysis (performed using the inverse variance heterogeneity model) and meta-regression, on scientific articles selected from three main databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed). The study included 21 articles. MB was associated with major adverse cardiac events - OR = 1.52 (1.01–2.30), and myocardial ischemia OR = 3.00 (1.02–8.82) but not with acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, ischemia identified using imaging techniques, or positive exercise stress testing. Overall, myocardial bridging may have significant cardiovascular consequences (MACE, myocardial ischemia). More studies are needed to reveal/refute a clear association with MI, sudden death or other cardiovascular pathologies.
On-chip Microscopy Using Random Phase Mask Scheme
Authors: Hussain Anwar , Li Yicheng , Liu Diyi , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu
Published: November 2017

In this study, a simple and novel phase-retrieval scheme is implemented using multi-angle illumination to enhance the resolution of lensless microscopy. A random-phase mask (from 0 to 2π) precedes the sample to encode the information at the sensor plane. The sample is illuminated with multiple angles that are symmetrical along the optical axis of the system. The system is initially calibrated while recording the images without any sample at the corresponding multi angles. The two types of image are mutually subtracted, and the resultant images are summed at the sensor plane and backpropagated to the sample plane. The final image is free of the twin-image effect, and has a high signal-to-noise ratio owing to the multi angles of the illumination scheme. This scheme gives a resolution of ~4 micron for a large field-of-view (~15 mm2). The scheme is useful for robust imaging owing to the fast phase-retrieval method, and it enables a straightforward analytical reconstruction instead of using complicated iterative algorithms in a lensless microscopic setup.
Germline copy number variations are associated with breast cancer risk and prognosis
Authors: Kumaran Mahalakshmi , Cass Carol E. , Graham Kathryn , Mackey John R. , Hubaux Roland , Lam Wan , Yasui Yutaka , Damaraju Sambasivarao
Published: November 2017

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, and susceptibility is explained by genetic, lifestyle and environmental components. Copy Number Variants (CNVs) are structural DNA variations that contribute to diverse phenotypes via gene-dosage effects or cis-regulation. In this study, we aimed to identify germline CNVs associated with breast cancer susceptibility and their relevance to prognosis. We performed whole genome CNV genotyping in 422 cases and 348 controls using Human Affymetrix SNP 6 array. Principal component analysis for population stratification revealed 84 outliers leaving 366 cases and 320 controls of Caucasian ancestry for association analysis; CNVs with frequency > 10% and overlapping with protein coding genes were considered for breast cancer risk and prognostic relevance. Coding genes within the CNVs identified were interrogated for gene- dosage effects by correlating copy number status with gene expression profiles in breast tumor tissue. We identified 200 CNVs associated with breast cancer (q-value < 0.05). Of these, 21 CNV regions (overlapping with 22 genes) also showed association with prognosis. We validated representative CNVs overlapping with APOBEC3B and GSTM1 genes using the TaqMan assay. Germline CNVs conferred dosage effects on gene expression in breast tissue. The candidate CNVs identified in this study warrant independent replication.
The depleted mineralization of the fungicide chlorothalonil derived from loss in soil microbial diversity
Authors: de Souza Adijailton Jose , de Andrade Pedro Avelino Maia , de Araújo Pereira Arthur Prudêncio , Andreote Fernando Dini , Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz , Regitano Jussara Borges
Published: November 2017

There are lack of studies regarding the effects of microbial diversity on specific soil functions, such as pesticides degradation. This study evaluated the role of bacterial community diversity and biochar on chlorothalonil (CTN) degradation, using ‘dilution to extinction’ approach, PCR-DGGE/16S rRNA gene technique, and radiorespirometry (14C-CTN). Biochar and microbial community dilution affected structure of the microbial community. In spite of that, CTN mineralization was slow, but dissipation was very fast (D50 < 1.0 d) due to immediate chemical degradation and formation of non-extractable (bound) residues. However, any depletion on soil microbial diversity strongly affected CTN mineralization, suggesting that this function is related to less abundant but specific microbial groups (CTN degraders) or to soil microbial diversity. The extent of these effects will strongly depend on the compound nature (recalcitrance) and soil matrix/substrate (bioavailability). It can be corroborated by the fact that biochar affected CTN sorption, its bioavailability, and subsequently its mineralization rate in the NS. These data indicate a strong relationship between soil microbial diversity and pesticide degradation, which is an acting form to mitigate xenobiotics accumulation in the environment.
Graphene-Insulator-Semiconductor Junction for Hybrid Photodetection Modalities
Authors: Howell Stephen W. , Ruiz Isaac , Davids Paul S. , Harrison Richard K. , Smith Sean W. , Goldflam Michael D. , Martin Jeffrey B. , Martinez Nicholas J. , Beechem Thomas E.
Published: November 2017

A sensitive optical detector is presented based on a deeply depleted graphene-insulator-semiconducting (D2GIS) junction, which offers the possibility of simultaneously leveraging the advantages of both charge integration and localized amplification. Direct read-out and built-in amplification are accomplished via photogating of a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) by carriers generated within a deeply depleted low-doped silicon substrate. Analogous to a depleted metal-oxide-semiconducting junction, photo-generated charge collects in the potential well that forms at the semiconductor/insulator interface and induces charges of opposite polarity within the graphene film modifying its conductivity. This device enables simultaneous photo-induced charge integration with continuous “on detector” readout through use of graphene. The resulting devices exhibit responsivities as high as 2,500 A/W (25,000 S/W) for visible wavelengths and a dynamic range of 30 dB. As both the graphene and device principles are transferrable to arbitrary semiconductor absorbers, D2GIS devices offer a high-performance paradigm for imaging across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Tunable Dirac points and high spin polarization in ferromagnetic-strain graphene superlattices
Authors: Wu Qing-Ping , Liu Zheng-Fang , Chen Ai-Xi , Xiao Xian-Bo , Miao Guo-Xing
Published: November 2017

Spin-dependent energy bands and transport properties of ferromagnetic-strain graphene superlattices are studied. The high spin polarization appears at the Dirac points due to the presence of spin-dependent Dirac points in the energy band structure. A gap can be induced in the vicinity of Dirac points by strain and the width of the gap is enlarged with increasing strain strength, which is beneficial for enhancing spin polarization. Moreover, a full spin polarization can be achieved at large strain strength. The position and number of the Dirac points corresponding to high spin polarization can be effectively manipulated with barrier width, well width and effective exchange field, which reveals a remarkable tunability on the wavevector filtering behavior.
MicroRNAs regulating superoxide dismutase 2 are new circulating biomarkers of heart failure
Authors: Dubois-Deruy Emilie , Cuvelliez Marie , Fiedler Jan , Charrier Henri , Mulder Paul , Hebbar Eleonore , Pfanne Angelika , Beseme Olivia , Chwastyniak Maggy , Amouyel Philippe , Richard Vincent , Bauters Christophe , Thum Thomas , Pinet Florence
Published: November 2017

Although several risk factors such as infarct size have been identified, the progression of heart failure (HF) remains difficult to predict in clinical practice. Using an experimental rat model of post-myocardial infarction (MI), we previously identified 45 proteins differentially modulated during HF by proteomic analysis. This study sought to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) able to regulate these proteins and to test their relevance as biomarkers for HF. In silico bioinformatical analysis selected 13 miRNAs related to the 45 proteins previously identified. These miRNAs were analyzed in the rat and in cohorts of patients phenotyped for left ventricular remodeling (LVR). We identified that 3 miRNAs, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-222-3p, and their target Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD2) were significantly increased in LV and plasma of HF-rats. We found by luciferase activity a direct interaction of miR-222-3p with 3′UTR of SOD2. Transfection of human cardiomyocytes with miR-222-3p mimic or inhibitor induced respectively a decrease and an increase of SOD2 expression. Circulating levels of the 3 miRNAs and their target SOD2 were associated with high LVR post-MI in REVE-2 patients. We demonstrated for the first time the potential of microRNAs regulating SOD2 as new circulating biomarkers of HF.
Interplay between Exciton and Free Carriers in Organolead Perovskite Films
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yu , Wang Xiangyuan , Liu Yang , Lv Yanping , Wang Shufeng , Wang Kai , Shi Yantao , Xiao Lixin , Chen Zhijian , Gong Qihuang
Published: November 2017

For highly interested organolead perovskite based solar cells, the exciton and free carriers are the photoproducts in the working layers. In this study, we revealed their two forms of relations depending on heat-annealing condition. In non-annealed films and single crystal, they are in density-dependent dynamical balance (co-existing). For the sufficiently heat-annealed films, they present a significant emissive exciton-carrier collision (ECC). The two relations indicate the emergence of a subgrain morphology within the tetragonal phase of crystal grain, induced by heat annealing process. Such subgrain structure could be assigned to a ferroelastic twinning structure recently found inside the crystal grain of the films. Since the heat annealing is a general procedure in preparing perovskite working layers, we propose that the ECC and subgrain morphology widely exist in real devices. We suggest that the subgrain structure provides another level of morphological basis for in depth understanding high performance of organolead perovskite working layers.
CXCL10/CXCR3 axis is associated with disease activity and the development of mucocutaneous lesions in patients with Behçet’s disease
Authors: Lee Sang Jin , Kang Shin Eui , Kang Eun Ha , Choi Byoong Yong , Masek-Hammerman Katherine , Syed Jameel , Zhan Yutian , Neff-Phillips Kathleen , Park Jin Kyun , Lee Eun Young , Lee Eun Bong , Song Yeong Wook
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate CXC chemokines and its receptor in patients with Behcet’s disease (BD) and their associations with disease activity. Blood samples were collected from 109 BD patients and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Twenty-two follow-up blood samples were collected in BD patients. Serum CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, CXCL13 and CXCL16) and cell surface marker expression (CD3, CD4 and CXCR3) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assayed. Clinical features including disease activity were evaluated at the time of blood collection. CXCR3 expression in skin and intestinal lesions from BD patients and HCs was assessed via immunohistochemistry. Serum CXCL10 levels were correlated with disease activity in terms of Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) (p < 0.001). In follow-up BD patients, changes in serum CXCL10 levels tended to be correlated with those of BDCAF. The percentage of CXCR3 expression in CD3-positive cells in PBMCs was inversely correlated with serum CXCL10 levels in BD patients (p = 0.022). By immunohistochemistry, the number of CXCR3-positive mononuclear cells was higher in skin and intestinal lesions of BD patients than in those of HCs. These results suggest that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis may contribute to the pathogenesis of BD.
Flux-tunable phase shifter for microwaves
Authors: Kokkoniemi Roope , Ollikainen Tuomas , Lake Russell E. , Saarenpää Sakari , Tan Kuan Y. , Kokkala Janne I. , Dağ Ceren B. , Govenius Joonas , Möttönen Mikko
Published: November 2017

We introduce a magnetic-flux-tunable phase shifter for propagating microwave photons, based on three equidistant superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) on a transmission line. We experimentally implement the phase shifter and demonstrate that it produces a broad range of phase shifts and full transmission within the experimental uncertainty. Together with previously demonstrated beam splitters, this phase shifter can be utilized to implement arbitrary single-qubit gates for qubits based on propagating microwave photons. These results complement previous demonstrations of on-demand single-photon sources and detectors, and hence assist in the pursuit of an all-microwave quantum computer based on propagating photons.
Human stem cell-derived retinal epithelial cells activate complement via collectin 11 in response to stress
Authors: Fanelli Giorgia , Gonzalez-Cordero Anai , Gardner Peter J. , Peng Qi , Fernando Milan , Kloc Magdalena , Farrar Conrad A. , Naeem Arifa , Garred Peter , Ali Robin R. , Sacks Steven H.
Published: November 2017

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness and is associated with complement dysregulation. The disease is a potential target for stem cell therapy but success is likely to be limited by the inflammatory response. We investigated the innate immune properties of human induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells, particularly with regard to the complement pathway. We focused on collectin-11 (CL-11), a pattern recognition molecule that can trigger complement activation in renal epithelial tissue. We found evidence of constitutive and hypoxia-induced expression of CL-11 in iPS-RPE cells, and in the extracellular fluid. Complement activation on the cell surface occurred in conjunction with CL-11 binding. CL-11 has been shown to activate inflammatory responses through recognition of L-fucose, which we confirmed by showing that fucosidase-treated cells, largely, failed to activate complement. The presence of CL-11 in healthy murine and human retinal tissues confirmed the biological relevance of CL-11. Our data describe a new trigger mechanism of complement activation that could be important in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.
Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Abnormal Hepatic Energy Metabolism by Depletion of β-Carotene Oxygenase 2 in Mice
Authors: Wu Lei , Guo Xin , Lyu Yi , Clarke Stephen L. , Lucas Edralin A. , Smith Brenda J. , Hildebrand Deana , Wang Weiqun , Medeiros Denis M. , Shen Xinchun , Lin Dingbo
Published: November 2017

β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) is a carotenoid cleavage enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Ablation of BCO2 impairs mitochondrial function leading to oxidative stress. Herein, we performed a targeted metabolomics study using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy to discriminate global metabolites profiles in liver samples from six-week-old male BCO2 systemic knockout (KO), heterozygous (Het), and wild type (WT) mice fed a chow diet. Principal components analysis revealed distinct differences in metabolites in the livers of KO mice, compared to WT and Het mice. However, no marked difference was found in the metabolites of the Het mouse liver compared to the WT. We then conducted random forest analysis to classify the potential biomarkers to further elucidate the different metabolomics profiles. We found that systemic ablation of BCO2 led to perturbations in mitochondrial function and metabolism in the TCA cycle, amino acids, carnitine, lipids, and bile acids. In conclusion, BCO2 is essential to macronutrient and mitochondrial metabolism in the livers of mice. The ablation of BCO2 causes dysfunctional mitochondria and altered energy metabolism, which further leads to systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. A single functional copy of BCO2 largely rescues the hepatic metabolic homeostasis in mice.
Efficient production and characterization of the novel and highly active antifungal protein AfpB from Penicillium digitatum
Authors: Garrigues Sandra , Gandía Mónica , Popa Crina , Borics Attila , Marx Florentine , Coca María , Marcos Jose F. , Manzanares Paloma
Published: November 2017

Filamentous fungi encode distinct antifungal proteins (AFPs) that offer great potential to develop new antifungals. Fungi are considered immune to their own AFPs as occurs in Penicillium chrysogenum, the producer of the well-known PAF. The Penicillium digitatum genome encodes only one afp gene (afpB), and the corresponding protein (AfpB) belongs to the class B phylogenetic cluster. Previous attempts to detect AfpB were not successful. In this work, immunodetection confirmed the absence of AfpB accumulation in wild type and previous recombinant constitutive P. digitatum strains. Biotechnological production and secretion of AfpB were achieved in P. digitatum with the use of a P. chrysogenum-based expression cassette and in the yeast Pichia pastoris with the α-factor signal peptide. Both strategies allowed proper protein folding, efficient production and single-step purification of AfpB from culture supernatants. AfpB showed antifungal activity higher than the P. chrysogenum PAF against the majority of the fungi tested, especially against Penicillium species and including P. digitatum, which was highly sensitive to the self-AfpB. Spectroscopic data suggest that native folding is not required for activity. AfpB also showed notable ability to withstand protease and thermal degradation and no haemolytic activity, making AfpB a promising candidate for the control of pathogenic fungi.
Ilex latifolia Thunb protects mice from HFD-induced body weight gain
Authors: Wu Hailan , Chen Yue-Lei , Yu Yueyuan , Zang Jin , Wu Yikuan , He Zhao
Published: November 2017

Kuding tea is implicated in alleviating metabolic disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the role of Ilex latifolia Thunb (kuding tea), one of the large leaf kuding tea species, in the prevention of the development of obesity remains to be determined. We show here that 7-week-old male mice treated with an Ilex latifolia Thunb supplement for 14 weeks were resistant to HFD-induced body weight gain and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity. Ilex latifolia Thunb supplementation dramatically reduced the systemic and tissue inflammation levels of mice via reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in the circulation and inhibiting p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB signaling in adipose tissue. Together, these results indicate that Ilex latifolia Thunb protects mice from the development of obesity and is a potential compound pool for the development of novel anti-obesity drugs.
Pathway Towards High-Efficiency Eu-doped GaN Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Fragkos Ioannis E. , Tan Chee-Keong , Dierolf Volkmar , Fujiwara Yasufumi , Tansu Nelson
Published: November 2017

A physically intuitive current injection efficiency model for a GaN:Eu quantum well (QW) has been developed to clarify the necessary means to achieve device quantum efficiency higher than the state-of-the-art GaN:Eu system for red light emission. The identification and analysis of limiting factors for high internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) are accomplished through the current injection efficiency model. In addition, the issue of the significantly lower IQE in the electrically-driven GaN:Eu devices in comparison to the optically-pumped GaN:Eu devices is clarified in the framework of this injection efficiency model. The improved understanding of the quantum efficiency issue through current injection efficiency model provides a pathway to address the limiting factors in electrically-driven devices. Based on our developed injection efficiency model, several experimental approaches have been suggested to address the limitations in achieving high IQE GaN:Eu QW based devices in red spectral regime.
Advantages of a technique using two 50 degree arcs in simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy for left-sidebreast cancer
Authors: Xi Dan , Ding Yun , Hu Rui , Gu Wendong , Mu Jinming , Li Qilin
Published: November 2017

This study evaluated radiotherapy techniques with 15 cases for simultaneous integrated boost to treat whole left breast and tumor bed following breast conserving surgery. Treatment plans were generated using three techniques: volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with a partial arc of 190° (1ARC), VMAT with two tangential mini-arcs of 50° each (2TARC) and intensity modulated radiation therapy with four fixed angle fields (4IMRT). Dosimetric parameters for the whole breast (Target), the boost tumor bed (Boost), and surrounding normal organs were compared. Chair Index (CHI) was introduced to evaluate the dose homogeneity in Target given the two levels of prescription dose. The dose coverage in Target was better in 1ARC and 2TARC than that in 4IMRT. The mean CHI in 1ARC (2.47) and 2TARC (2.62) were higher than that in 4IMRT (1.71, p < 0.05), and this indicated the dose homogeneity of Target was better in 1ARC and 2TARC than that in 4IMRT. The mean doses to right lung, and contralateral breast in 4IMRT were lower than those in 2TARC but the differences between them were small. 2TARC was better than 4IMRT with respect to the dose to ipsilateral lung and heart. Overall, 2TARC was optimal among three techniques.
Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Survey of Subsidence in Hampton Roads, Virginia (USA)
Authors: Bekaert D. P. S. , Hamlington B. D. , Buzzanga B. , Jones C. E.
Published: November 2017

Over the past century, the Hampton Roads area of the Chesapeake Bay region has experienced one of the highest rates of relative sea level rise on the Atlantic coast of the United States. This rate of relative sea level rise results from a combination of land subsidence, which has long been known to be present in the region, and rising seas associated with global warming on long timescales and exacerbated by shifts in ocean dynamics on shorter timescales. An understanding of the current-day magnitude of each component is needed to create accurate projections of future relative sea level rise upon which to base planning efforts. The objective of this study is to estimate the land component of relative sea level rise using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis applied to ALOS-1 synthetic aperture radar data acquired during 2007–2011 to generate high-spatial resolution (20–30 m) estimates of vertical land motion. Although these results are limited by the uncertainty associated with the small set of available historical SAR data, they highlight both localized rates of high subsidence and a significant spatial variability in subsidence, emphasizing the need for further measurement, which could be done with Sentinel-1 and NASA’s upcoming NISAR mission.
Impacts of elevated CO2 on exogenous Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and transgene expression in transgenic rice under different levels of nitrogen
Authors: Jiang Shoulin , Lu Yongqing , Dai Yang , Qian Lei , Muhammad Adnan Bodlah , Li Teng , Wan Guijun , Parajulee Megha N. , Chen Fajun
Published: November 2017

Recent studies have highlighted great challenges of transgene silencing for transgenic plants facing climate change. In order to understand the impacts of elevated CO2 on exogenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins and transgene expression in transgenic rice under different levels of N-fertilizer supply, we investigated the biomass, exogenous Bt toxins, Bt-transgene expression and methylation status in Bt rice exposed to two levels of CO2 concentrations and nitrogen (N) supply (1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 2 N). It is elucidated that the increased levels of global atmospheric CO2 concentration will trigger up-regulation of Bt toxin expression in transgenic rice, especially with appropriate increase of N fertilizer supply, while, to some extent, the exogenous Bt-transgene expression is reduced at sub-N levels (1/4 and 1/2N), even though the total protein of plant tissues is reduced and the plant growth is restricted. The unpredictable and stochastic occurrence of transgene silencing and epigenetic alternations remains unresolved for most transgenic plants. It is expected that N fertilization supply may promote the expression of transgenic Bt toxin in transgenic Bt rice, particularly under elevated CO2.
Sniffer mice discriminate urine odours of patients with bladder cancer: A proof-of-principle study for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer-induced odours
Authors: Sato Takaaki , Katsuoka Yoji , Yoneda Kimihiko , Nonomura Mitsuo , Uchimoto Shinya , Kobayakawa Reiko , Kobayakawa Ko , Mizutani Yoichi
Published: November 2017

Similar to fingerprints, humans have unique, genetically determined body odours. In case of urine, the odour can change due to variations in diet as well as upon infection or tumour formation. We investigated the use of mice in a manner similar to “sniffer dogs” to detect changes in urine odour in patients with bladder cancer. We measured the odour discrimination thresholds of mice in a Y-maze, using urine mixtures from patients with bladder cancer (Stage I) and healthy volunteers (dietary variations) as well as occult blood- or antibiotic drug metabolite-modulated samples. Threshold difference indicated that intensities of urinary olfactory cues increase in the following order: dietary variation < bladder cancer < occult blood < antibiotic drug metabolites. After training with patient urine mixtures, sniffer mice discriminated between urine odours of pre- and post-transurethral resection in individual patients with bladder cancer in an equal-occult blood diluted condition below the detection level of dietary variations, achieving a success rate of 100% (11/11). Furthermore, genetic ablation of all dorsal olfactory receptors elevated the discrimination thresholds of mice by ≥ 105-fold. The marked reduction in discrimination sensitivity indicates an essential role of the dorsal olfactory receptors in the recognition of urinary body odours in mice.
Optimization reconstruction of projective point of laser line coordinated by orthogonal reference
Authors: Xu Guan , Yuan Jing , Li Xiaotao , Su Jian
Published: November 2017

A 3D reconstruction method is presented for the laser projective point of a laser line, which is located by an orthogonal reference. The laser line is initially expressed by the Plücker matrix generated from two random points on the line and then transformed to the dual Plücker matrix representation. The initial solution of the 3D laser point is obtained by the non-homogeneous linear equations, which are derived from the projection geometry of the 3D feature point on the reference and the 3D laser point on the laser line represented by the dual Plücker matrix. The optimization function is constructed by minimizing the sums of the re-projection errors of the reference points and the laser point. The average absolute error of the initial solution is 1.07 mm while the one of the optimization solution is 1.01 mm. The average relative error of the initial solution is 4.14% while the one of the optimization solution is 3.86%. Thus, the optimization reconstruction of the projective point contributes the accuracy and the prospect in the vision-based inspection fields.
The performance and archaeal community shifts in a modified anaerobic baffled reactor treating sweet potato starch wastewater at ambient temperatures
Authors: Xu Shengjun , Jiang Cancan , Ma Shuanglong , Wu Shanghua , Bai Zhihui , Zhuang Guoqiang , Zhuang Xuliang
Published: November 2017

A conventional anaerobic baffled reactors (ABRs) treating high strength sweet potato starch wastewater at ambient temperatures resulted in acidification and bad performances. After modification, the acidification was remitted and COD removal efficiencies reached 92.73% at high temperatures and were maintained at 71.19% at low temperatures. Moreover, as much as 1.014 ± 0.056 L CH4/L/d were collected at Stage III. The q-PCR results revealed that the largest methanogen populations emerged at Stage III as well, which was 5.29 × 108 mcrA copies per milliliter sludge. A comparable shift in the archaeal community structure at different stages and acetoclastic methanogens Methanosaeta predominated the archaeal community in every compartment in Stages I (63.73%) and II (48.63%). Finally, the net energy gains analysis at mesophilic, thermophilic, and ambient temperature revealed that modified ABR at ambient temperature was not only economical but also profitable and could generated 3.68 KJ energy per gram COD removed.
Determination of alizarin red S based on layered double hydroxides-improved chemiluminescence from hydrogen peroxide and luminol
Authors: Pan Feng , Zhang Yilin , Yuan Zhiqin , Lu Chao
Published: November 2017

Selective alizarin red S detection based on the layered double hydroxides-improved chemiluminescence from hydrogen peroxide and luminol is presented.
Advanced smart-photosensitizers for more effective cancer treatment
Authors: Park Wooram , Cho Soojeong , Han Jieun , Shin Heejun , Na Kun , Lee Byeongdu , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: November 2017

Smart photosensitizers (PSs), combined with advanced nano- and biomaterial technology, have a great potential for efficient cancer treatment.
Protein sensing and discrimination using highly functionalised ruthenium(ii) tris(bipyridyl) protein surface mimetics in an array format
Authors: Hewitt Sarah H. , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: November 2017

Ruthenium(ii) tris(bipyridyl) protein surface mimetics are used for protein sensing in an array format.
Asymmetric cross-coupling of alkyl, alkenyl and (hetero)aryl nucleophiles with racemic allyl halides
Authors: Schäfer Philipp , Sidera Mireia , Palacin Thomas , Fletcher Stephen P.
Published: November 2017

Highly enantioselective transition metal catalyzed asymmetric cross-coupling reactions of cyclic allyl halides non-stabilized nucleophiles.
Iron-catalyzed peroxidation–carbamoylation of alkenes with hydroperoxides and formamides via formyl C(sp2)–H functionalization
Authors: Cheng Jun-Kee , Shen Liang , Wu Liu-Hai , Hu Xu-Hong , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: November 2017

A three-component radical coupling reaction of aryl alkenes or 1,3-enynes with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and formamides for the efficient synthesis of β-peroxy amides.
Formation of C2oxygenates and ethanol from syngas on an Fe-decorated Cu-based catalyst: insight into the role of Fe as a promoter
Authors: Ling Lixia , Wang Qiang , Zhang Riguang , Li Debao , Wang Baojun
Published: November 2017

Fe-decorated Cu bimetallic catalyst exhibits a high selectivity to ethanol.
Electric field effect on the magnetic properties of zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons with different edge passivation
Authors: Nam Yeonsig , Cho Daeheum , Lee Jin Yong
Published: November 2017

Reversible spin control of zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons by applying an electric field with enhancement of magnetic coupling strength.
Cooperating dipole–dipole and van der Waals interactions driven 2D self-assembly of fluorenone derivatives: ester chain length effect
Authors: Dong Meiqiu , Miao Kai , Hu Yi , Wu Juntian , Li Jinxing , Pang Peng , Miao Xinrui , Deng Wenli
Published: November 2017

Two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies of a series of 2,7-bis(10-n-alkoxycarbonyl-decyloxy)-9-fluorenone derivatives (BAF-Cn, n = 1, 3–6) consisting of polar fluorenone moieties and ester alkoxy chains were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces.
A combination of quercetin and resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Zhao Le , Zhang Qi , Ma Weini , Tian Feng , Shen Hongyi , Zhou Mingmei
Published: November 2017

Administration of a combination of quercetin and resveratrol may have beneficial effects on ameliorating HFD-induced obesity and reducing HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Dimensional characterization of gold nanorods by combining millisecond and microsecond temporal resolution single particle ICP-MS measurements
Authors: Kálomista Ildikó , Kéri Albert , Ungor Ditta , Csapó Edit , Dékány Imre , Prohaska Thomas , Galbács Gábor
Published: November 2017

By combining normal and high temporal resolution spICP-MS measurements, the accurate dimensional analysis of nanorods is possible.
Measuring biotherapeutic viscosity and degradation on-chip with particle diffusometry
Authors: Clayton K. N. , Lee D. , Wereley S. T. , Kinzer-Ursem T. L.
Published: November 2017

A rapid and passive measurement approach for measuring biotherapeutic degradation and viscosity in microfluidic platforms.
Cyanation of aromatic/vinylic boronic acids with α-cyanoacetates
Authors: Wang Xian-Jin , Zhang Song-Lin
Published: November 2017

A protocol is reported to achieve safe and convenient aromatic and vinylic cyanation of boronic acids (as well as halides) with α-cyanoacetates, avoiding the use of toxic cyanide salts.
Photo-cross-linked perylene diimide derivative materials as efficient electron transporting layers in inverted polymer solar cells
Authors: Noh Yong-Jin , Choi Yu-Jin , Jeong Ji-Ho , Kim Seok-Soon , Jeong Kwang-Un , Na Seok-In
Published: November 2017

We present an efficient and stable interfacial material based on perylene diimide derivative functionalized with ionic and methacrylate groups (PDIM), which can be stabilized by the photo-polymerization of diacrylate groups at both ends of the side chain in the PDIM.
Mitochondria-targetable carbon quantum dots for differentiating cancerous cells from normal cells
Authors: Gao Ge , Jiang Yao-Wen , Yang Jingjing , Wu Fu-Gen
Published: November 2017

One-step solvothermal synthesis of highly fluorescent and multifunctional carbon quantum dots for mitochondrial tracking and normal/cancerous cell differentiation.
Enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels based on linear poly(ethylene glycol) polymer: performance and mechanism
Authors: Ren Kaixuan , Li Bin , Xu Qinghua , Xiao Chunsheng , He Chaoliang , Li Gao , Chen Xuesi
Published: November 2017

A horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogel based on a double-end tyramine conjugated linear poly(ethylene glycol) polymer is developed and clarified.
Synthesis and self-assembly of a dual-responsive monocleavable ABCD star quaterpolymer
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Jian , Dai Wenxue , Zhao Youliang
Published: November 2017

A modularly synthesized core-functionalized PEG-PSt-PCL-PAA miktoarm star can self-assemble into hollow nanocapsules that are sensitive to pH/redox stimuli and H-bond/polyion complexation.
Rapid synthesis of well-defined all-acrylic diblock copolymer nano-objects via alcoholic photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA)
Authors: Tan Jianbo , He Jun , Li Xueliang , Xu Qin , Huang Chundong , Liu Dongdong , Zhang Li
Published: November 2017

A series of well-defined all-acrylic poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)-poly(isobornyl acrylate) (PHEA-PIBOA) diblock copolymer nano-objects were prepared by photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA).
A highly diastereoselective one-pot three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of cyclopropenes with azomethine ylides generated from 11H-indeno[1,2-b]-quinoxalin-11-ones
Authors: Filatov A. S. , Knyazev N. A. , Ryazantsev M. N. , Suslonov V. V. , Larina A. G. , Molchanov A. P. , Kostikov R. R. , Boitsov V. M. , Stepakov A. V.
Published: November 2017

A simple and efficient synthesis of compounds with spiro-fused 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline and azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane or cyclopropa[a]pyrrolizine moieties was developed.
Resistant starch attenuates impaired lipid biosynthesis induced by dietary oxidized oil via activation of insulin signaling pathways
Authors: Shang Wenting , Si Xu , Strappe Padraig , Zhou Zhongkai , Blanchard Chris
Published: November 2017

The current study found that deep-frying process led to an increased content of oxidized triacylglycerols in canola oil, 3.5 times higher than that of fresh canola oil (not used for frying).
Enhancement of thermoelectrical performance in Au-ion implanted V2O5 thin films
Authors: Ahmad Bilal , Meena Ramcharan , Kumar Pawan , Ahmed Rizwan , Hussain Majid , Tantary Shafiq Maqbool , Asokan K.
Published: November 2017

The present study reports an enhancement of thermoelectric performance in Au ion implanted V2O5 thin films.
Efficient conversion of acetate into phloroglucinol by recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Xu Xin , Xian Mo , Liu Huizhou
Published: November 2017

Phloroglucinol, an important fine chemical, was attempted to be produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli, using acetate, a less costly feedstock, as a alternative carbon source.