bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Improved Nursery Management, Seedling Transplanting Age and Split Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Lowland Rice in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Kyalo Gerald , Chemining’wa George , Nhamo Nhamo , Mussgnug Frank
Published: July 2020

Rice yields in Uganda are still low due to poor rice production methods on smallholder farms in particular poor nursery and nitrogen fertilizer management practices. The study was set up to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, nursery management and age of seedlings at transplanting on the yield of four rice cultivars (WITA 9, GSR 007, K 85 and K 5) in eastern Uganda. The nursery experiment was established with five treatments: 1) control (no chemical + transplanting 30-day old seedling), 2) di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) + fungicide + transplanting 14-day old seedlings, 3) DAP + transplanting 14-day old seedlings, 4) DAP + transplanting 30-day seedlings and 5) fungicide + transplanting 30-day old seedlings. Effect of split application of N on yield, was studied with urea (46% N) as the fertilizer source using a split-plot design with control (no fertilizer added) and 23 and 46 kg N ha-1 applied either basally or in two splits. Applying fertilizer in the nursery and transplanting 14-day old seedlings increased yields by 23-30% relative to the control, while using 30-day old seedlings did not result in any yield gain irrespective of the treatment. Splitting N applications increased yields by 0.1-0.3 t ha-1 and increased agronomic efficiency marginally. Applying 23 kg of N in two splits gave the highest return over fertilizer cost (US$ 855/ha). This demonstrates that lowland rice production in Uganda can be increased by a combination of nutrient management in the nursery, transplanting young seedlings and splitting applications of nitrogen fertilizer and represents a simple and economical option for farmers to increase rice yields. This is especially important considering that fertilizer use among smallholder farmers is restricted by high prices and limited availability. Improving N- and nursery management has great prospects for increasing rice yields on all cultivars in smallholder farms at minimal costs.
Biometric Indexes in the Early Selection of Potassium Use Efficient Sugarcane Genotypes
Authors: Sandoval Juan Camilo Rey , Biesdorf Evandro Marcos , Barros Angélica Fátima de , Barbosa Márcio Henrique Pereira , Silveira Luis Cláudio Inácio da , Pimentel Leonardo Duarte
Published: July 2020

Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). In this context, in addition to the already extensive areas occupied with sugarcane crops, new areas, characterized as having low natural soil fertility, have been incorporated into the production system, showing that the new sugarcane genotypes that are efficient in the use of mineral nutrients in the soil they must be selected for use in these areas. Thus, the objective with this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using biometric indexes in the early selection of potassium (K) use efficient sugarcane genotypes. For this, four sugarcane genotypes were submitted to five doses of K, evaluating the possibility of selection during the initial phases of the crop (at 5, 8 and 14 months of age). The RB92579 genotype was the most efficient in the use of K for stem dry matter, showing that it is possible to select efficient genotypes in the use of K using the stem dry mass or efficiency in the use of K as indexes already at 8 months after planting in sugarcane, but provided that they are tested under conditions of low K availability in the soil, that is, without adding fertilizers to the soil.
Physical-Chemical Evaluation of the Cassia grandis L. as Fortifying Egg Powder
Authors: Fuentes Jhunior Abrahan Marcía , Fernández Ismael Montero , Maldonado Selvin Antonio Saravia , Murillo Ingris Mary Varela , Altamirano Carlos Misael Silva , Bonilla Flavio José Hernández , Tejada Elvis Geovani Cruz , Dereck Bryan Francisco Castro , Fernández Héctor Zumbado , Gil Manuel de Jesús Alvarez
Published: July 2020

This research responds to a new strategy of foods nutritionally modified to improve the bioavailability and quantity of nutrients in the egg. Fortification with iron is one of the most common and the sources that exist to obtain it are varied. Carao (Cassia grandis) is such one of them due to its content of inorganic iron and possible use in the fortification of egg products. In Honduras there are no validated studies on the fortification of powdered egg with iron coming from carao (C. grandis), and its incidence as a potential alternative to treat iron-deficiency anemia. For its achievement, an objective was set out to evaluate the phenotypic, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of carao (C. grandis) to determine its fortifying capacity in powdered egg. Fresh eggs from the poultry farm of the National University of Agriculture and carao (C. grandis) from the department of Choluteca, Honduras were used as raw material. It was determined that the phenotypic characterizations of the carao fruit (C. grandis) were distributed in 11.81% seeds, 9.45% pulp and 78.74% bark. It has a length of 55 cm, a width of 36 mm, a thickness of 30 mm, contains 80 locules and 60 seeds, and the fruit has a mass of 254 g. Fresh carao pulp contains 72% soluble solids, a pH of 5.51 and a viscosity of 200.66 cP. The same, when subjected to dehydration increases 13% of soluble solids, however, its pH-maintains stability.
Physiological and Growth Response of Sweet Corn Hybrids to Aluminum-Induced Stress
Authors: Fan Jing-sheng , Li Yun-feng , Xie Fu-gui , Mo Zhao-wen , Wu Xia-ming , Lin Qia , Zhu Wei , Chen Yan-hong , Liu Yu , Huang Jun , Gong Qing-you , Feng Fa-qiang
Published: July 2020

Aluminum (Al) stress has strong negative effects on growth, development and yield formation in crops. However, few studies focused on aluminum stress in sweet corn seedlings. In the present study, 18 sweet corn varieties were used to analyze the morphological and physiological changes of sweet corn seedlings in response to Al-induced stress. Results have shown that treatment by AlCl3, significantly affected root elongation, chlorophyll content, plant height, fresh weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and Al content in root tips in sweet corn, according to the significant interaction by variety × AlCl3 treatment except for CAT. Al-induced stress inhibited root length in all sweet corn varieties, and it resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll content, plant height, fresh weight, and SOD activity in most of the sweet corn varieties. The treatment by AlCl3 increased in POD activity except for GLT31; however, the intensity of these effects varied among varieties. In addition, the correlation between morphological and physiological characteristics showed that Al content in root tips was negatively correlated with relative root growth (RRG) and chlorophyll content at a significant level of 0.01, and it was negatively correlated with CAT activity at the significant level of 0.05. There were significant positive correlations between plant height and fresh weight at a significant level of 0.01, and chlorophyll content was positively correlated with RRG and CAT at the significant level of 0.05. The principal component analysis showed that plant height, RRG, SOD activity, fresh weight, Al content of root tips and fresh weight were the main morphological and physiological characteristics in sweet corn seedlings affected by AlCl3 treatment. In addition, we found that HWT2, HWT1 and HZ388 were the high-tolerant varieties to Al treatment.
Volatile Organic Compound Based Markers for the Aroma Trait of Rice Grain
Authors: Ocan David , Rongrong Zhang , Odoch Martin , Nuwamanya Ephraim , Ibanda Angele P. , Odong Thomas L. , Lamo Jimmy , Fitzgerald Anne M. , Daygon Venea D. , Rubaihayo Patrick R.
Published: July 2020

A study was conducted to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with rice grain aroma in 37 commonly grown lines within Uganda, as well as elites. The aim of the study was to identify potential volatile biochemical markers, if any, for the rice grain aroma trait. Certified rice seeds were obtained from the Uganda National Crops Resources Research Institute germplasm collection. The seeds were sown into experimental plots, under field conditions and the mature paddy harvested. Polished rice grains were heated to 80 oC and the liberated VOCs subjected to untargeted metabolite analysis using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In total, nine functional groups were present; hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, N-containing compounds, S-containing compounds, esters, oxygen heterocycles and carboxylic acids. More specifically, 148 VOCs were identified across the 37 rice lines, of which 48 (32.4%) including 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) appeared to elucidate the difference between non-aromatic and aromatic rice. Furthermore, 41 (27.7%) VOCs were found to be significantly correlated with 2-AP abundance, the principle rice aroma compound. Amongst the 41 VOCs, only ten compounds were found to contribute highly towards variation in 2-AP abundance, indicative of their possible modulation roles in regard to rice aroma. Within the ten influential volatiles, three aroma active compounds; toluene, 1-hexanol, 2-ethyl and heptane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl- were established as the most reliable biochemical surrogates to the rice aroma trait. Thus, the aforementioned compounds may be used in rice breeding programme for enhancing development of the grain aroma trait.
Comunidades de pratica em saúde - análise da plataforma online do Ministério da Saúde Brasileiro
Authors: Duarte Veridiana De Vasconcelos , Gazquez Alessandra Herranz , Massuda Ely Mitie , Macuch Regiane Da Silva
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Atualmente tem se identificado a crescente importância da gestão do conhecimento na vertente do compartilhamento de informações, a qual permite o aprendizado e a propagação de informação e ciência coletiva. Frente a isso, as comunidades de prática que permeiam vários ambientes profissionais da saúde, possibilitam e promovem saberes cotidianos e aspectos do compartilhamento de conhecimento à prática da saúde comunitária.Objetivos:Compreender a estrutura e o funcionamento da plataforma Comunidades de Prática do Portal do Ministério da Saúde, além de identificar a  distribuição regional e estadual dos relatos disponibilizadas de acordo com as categorias elencadas.Método: Estudo exploratório descritivo, apoiado em revisão e análise da base de dados da plataforma Comunidades de Prática do Portal do Ministério da Saúde (http://novo.atencaobasica.org.br), utilizando-se como referência as categorias de atuação das comunidades de prática em todo território brasileiro.Resultados: A investigação identificou 4730 relatos, divididos em 10 categorias de ações relatadas pelos profissionais de saúde, revelando, entre os 27 estados brasileiros, variações de índices relacionados às atividades das comunidades de prática no Brasil.Conclusão: O presente estudo norteou aspectos relativos à evolução das comunidades de prática no Brasil com base no portal bem como identificou um aumento expressivo de atuação de profissionais da saúde engajados às práticas comunitárias e compartilhamento dos seus saberes.
T4 SYNDROME
Authors: SOSULSKA Angelika , MAŃKO Grzegorz
Published: July 2020

T4 syndrome is a rare and perhaps
underestimated clinical subject that
deserves attention. It is a syndrome of
pain and pathology in different areas: upper back, scapulas, interscapular
region, arms, forarms, hands, cervical
and lumbar spines. Symptoms can
occur on one side or on both sides.
The purpose of this article is to present
current knowledge contained in the
literature about the T4 syndrome and to
supplement the theoretical information
w i t h p r a c t i c a l a s p e c t s o f t h e
examination of the region.
The influence of selected manual techniques on the relative length of lower
limbs in children with postural defects – a pilot study
Authors: KAPICA Mirosław , JANKOWICZ-SZYMAŃSKA Agnieszka , GNIEWEK Teresa , RAŹNIEWSKI Radosław , ŻYTKOWSKI Andrzej , MARSZAŁEK Sławomir
Published: July 2020

Introduction: One of the very
important indicators used in the
treatment of postural defects is the
relative symmetry of the lower limbs.
The selection of a safe and effective
therapeutic tool is not an easy task and is
particularly important in children. The
authors of the experiment have decided
to check the effectiveness of two manual techniques, that minimally
interfere with patient's tissues. The
objective of this study was to evaluate
the influence of selected manual
procedures: the Ackerman's second
phenomenon and mobilization of the
sacroiliac joint to hyperextension
(Kowtun's grip) on the relative length of
the lower limbs in a school-age children. Materials and methods: 70 children
aged 8-12 participated in the study. All
of them were diagnosed with postural
abnormalities: spine defects in the
sagittal plane, three-dimensional
asymmetry of the torso, knee and / or
foot defects and asymmetry of the length
of the lower limbs. Qualification of
children for a particular group with a
postural defects was based on the
concept of Sastre Fernandez. In each
patient, the manual procedure in order
to compensate the leg length, was
applied once. In 28 children the applied
procedure was the Ackerman's second
phenomenon and in 42 it was the
Kowtun's grip. The relative length of
t h e l o w e r l i m b s w a s m e a s u r e d
immediately before and after the manual
procedure. Results: The executed experiment
indicates the effectiveness of the
Ackerman's second phenomenon in
compensating the asymmetry of the
length of the lower limbs in children
with posture defects. The effect of
Kovtun's mobilization is less clear.
Conclusions: Manual procedure change
the relative length of the lower limbs in
children with postural defects. The
Ackerman's second phenomenon in an
effective and yet gentle and safe manual
tool that can be used in children in order
to compensate the relative length of the
lower limbs. The effect of the Kowtun's
treatment requires further research.
TEST FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN JAKO NARZĘDZIE OCENY FUNKCJONALNEJ I PRZEWIDYWANIA RYZYKA WYSTĄPIENIA URAZÓW
Authors: RIDAN Tomasz , WARZECHA Adrianna , TOMAS Barbara , TOMAS Barbara , STANEK Aleksandra , STANEK Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

Many sporting activities require complex coordination between the trunk, upper and lower extremities. The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test is an inexpensive and quick tool for functional assessment, especially in the early level of detection of abnormalities and asymmetry in many sporting activities. It can prevent and reduce the r i s k o f i n j u r y , a n d d e t e c t i n g discoordination between the trunk, the upper and lower extremities. The FMS test is a complex testing which evaluates the quality of basic movement patterns to identify the person having motor limitations or asymmetry, based on the evaluation of the many functions as, strength, the range of movement, equilibrium, co-ordination and elasticity), can simultaneously enlarge the exactitude of the diagnostics of the risk of damages at persons undergoing the testing. Basic movement patterns are used to test the range of the movement, stability and equilibrium. The test demands muscle strength, elasticity, the range of the movement, suitable co-ordination, equilibrium and proper proprioception, to finish favourably seven basic movement patterns. The points from seven motor tests are added up and evaluated.
Anthropological Constants as Parameters of Human Dignity
Authors: Snijdewind Hadewych ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

The anthropological constants - as Edward Schillebeeckx discovered - are the parameters of a system of coordinates which run through the whole human history like lines of longitude and provide constant guidance in clarifying human dignity. They influence one another and delineate (wo)man's basic form. Failure to recognize one of these profoundly human constants uproots the whole and damages (wo)man and the society and distorts the whole of human culture.These constants simply outline, as it were, the system of parameters in which specific norms must be sought through dialogue and after an analyses and interpretation of the concrete society structure and the position of the person in it.
Meaningful Research of Meaning
Authors: Maso Ilja ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

In the first section of this contribution, three conditions for scientific research into answers to fundamental, existential questions are discussed. However, because these conditions seem to violate concepts such as 'intersubjectivity' and 'truth', the second section deals with the question in which way a scientific approach that satisfies these three conditions can still be called scientific. The 'possibilistic scientific view' that results from this investigation, will in the third section be exemplified by qualitative research. It will be demonstrated that this social scientific approach can meet the three aforementioned conditions. In the last section, one of the features of such a qualitative approach (and perhaps of any scientific approach) will be emphasized. 'Radical subjectivity' will be presented as a way to fully satisfy the third condition of research into questions of meaning.
Argumentation, Cooperation and Charity in Qualitative Enquiry
Authors: Smaling Adri ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

Contemporary argumentation theory or informal logic is the appropriate logical basis of qualitative inquiry. The communicative principles of cooperation and charity are essential within argumentation theory. An optimal observance of these principles, for strategical reasons for example, is of methodological relevance to qualitative research. In addition, an ethically motivated optimalization of the observance may also enhance methodological quality, especially dialogical intersubjectivity or openness. Moreover, this ethically motivated observance may be supported by a philosophy of life, which may stimulate opting for qualitative inquiry and promote its methodological quality.
The Deontological Foundation of Neo-Confucian Virtue Ethics
Authors: Aulisio George J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2020

I show that Neo-Confucianism is practiced in two ways: (1) deontologically and (2) as a virtue ethical theory. When fully appreciated, Neo-Confucianism is a virtue ethical theory, but to set out on the path of the sage and behave like a junzi, Neo-Confucianism must first be practiced deontologically. I show this by examining the importance of Neo-Confucian metaphysics to ethical practice and by drawing out the major practical differences between “lesser learning” and “higher learning.” In my view, Neo-Confucianism can be practiced deontologically because some adherents may never move to practicing Neo-Confucianism as a virtue theory.
Going Beyond the Classroom in Education for Sustainability
Authors: Hatipoglu Burcin ,   Neilson Journals Publishing
Published: July 2020

This case study presents an alternative educational methodology in a sustainability-based course for tourism management projects. The course is designed to overcome some of the difficulties of teaching responsible management in the classroom setting. By extending learning beyond the classroom and partnering with stakeholders, the course aims to integrate practical knowledge and skills development in students. The case details the learner-centred approach used in classroom teaching, faculty-led and student-led field studies. Adopting a systems approach, results are evaluated for the multiple stakeholders of the course. This educational methodology will be helpful to curriculum developers and educators who wish to integrate collaborative learning experiences or place-based education into their courses or curriculum. Lessons learned during the planning and implementation of the course will lead further research in developing similar courses in responsible management.
Negacionismo viral e política exterminista: notas sobre o caso brasileiro da COVID-19
Authors: Veras Thor João De Sousa
Published: July 2020

A pandemia da covid-19 ao redor do mundo suscitou na esfera pública uma profusão de discursos negacionistas da parte de lideranças políticas que foram seguidos pela sociedade civil. Ao situar essa manifestação no contexto social mais amplo da emergência de uma nova dinâmica política marcada por regimes de democracias iliberais, o objetivo desse texto é apresentar os aspectos filosóficos que subjazem o discurso negacionista na experiência brasileira mais recente. Tendo como base uma crítica obscurantista do progresso e uma filosofia da história retrógrada e conspiracionista, essa constelação filosófica tornou-se legitimador da extrema-direita internacional e, em especial no Brasil, do bolsonarismo.
Constitución española aprobada por las Cortes el 31 de octubre de 1978
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

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Sucesión en el tiempo de la norma de conflicto y ley rectora del estatuto personal de apátrida
Authors: Fernández Rozas José Carlos
Published: July 2020

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Teoría política y socialismo
Authors: Sánchez Santiago
Published: July 2020

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Las leyes orgánicas : notas en torno a su naturaleza y procedimiento de elaboración
Authors: Santamaría Pastor Juan Alfonso
Published: July 2020

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El debate parlamentario de los Presupuestos Generales del Estado
Authors: Recoder de Casso Emilio
Published: July 2020

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Tribunal Supremo, sala cuarta de lo Contencioso-Administrativo
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

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RESEÑA de : Jiménez Campo, Javier. El fascismo en la crisis de la II República española. Madrid: GIS, 1979
Authors: García Atance María Victoria
Published: July 2020

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El Contencioso electoral canario, primero de los planteados por los regímenes preautonómicos (noticia de la Sentencia de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo de la Audiencia Provincial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife de 9 de junio de 1978)
Authors: Parejo Alfonso Luciano
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliográfico sobre federalismo, nacionalismo y regionalismo
Authors: García Fernández Javier
Published: July 2020

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Constitución, monopolio público y televisión
Authors: Varela Santiago
Published: July 2020

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Elecciones legislativas en Portugal
Authors: Ollero Butler Fernando
Published: July 2020

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El Estado de la Restauración (I)
Authors: Gallego José Andrés
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliografico sobre Justicia y tribunales
Authors: Toharia José Juan
Published: July 2020

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Análisis ACP, CHAID y PLS-SEM de la satisfacción de visitantes de espacios naturales protegidos. Aplicación al Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes en Lleida
Authors: Florensa Guiu Rosa M , Colom Gorgues Antonio , Maza Rubio María Teresa
Published: July 2020

La satisfacción de los visitantes de ENP, está influenciada por variables cuantitativas y cualitativas que deben identificarse y analizarse para su optimización. El objeto de este trabajo es analizarlas en el uso público de los ENP, en aplicación al Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes.Se han estudiado las variables explicativas con el Análisis de Componentes Principales, la Chi-cuadrado Detección Automática de Interacciones y el PLS-SEM, para valorar su influencia y explicación de la satisfacción y fidelización del visitante ecoturístico. Se demuestra un gran reflejo de las variables medibles valor global, recomendaciones y satisfacción a través de la gente, en la variable dependiente Satisfacción Global del Visitante.

The satisfaction of PNS visitors is influenced by quantitative and qualitative variables that must be identified and analyzed for optimization. The object of this work is to analyze them in the public use of the ENP, in application to the National Park of Aigüestortes.The explanatory variables have been studied with the Principal Components Analysis, the Chi-square Automatic Interactions Detection and the PLS-SEM, to assess their influence and explanation of the satisfaction and loyalty of the ecotourist visitor.A great reflection of the measurable variables, global value, recommendations and satisfaction through the people, is shown in the dependent variable Global Satisfaction of the Visitor.
Análisis de las fotografías y vídeos de Instagram para la creación de un ranking de popularidad de los territorios y los destinos
Authors: Huertas Assumpció , Martínez-Rolán Xabier
Published: July 2020

Instagram permite a los usuarios compartir fotografías y vídeos y es una herramienta clave para crear imagen de los destinos. Actualmente los destinos compiten entre sí para tener una buena imagen y un buen posicionamiento. Por ello, los objetivos de este estudio son: analizar las publicaciones georreferenciadas de fotografías y vídeos de los usuarios de destinos, las reacciones que estas han comportado y crear un Factor de Impacto que genere un ranking de popularidad de los destinos entre los usuarios en Instagram. El estudio muestra las aportaciones del Factor de Impacto en Instagram creado para medir la popularidad de los destinos respecto a rankings anteriores y muestra también su utilidad para las Organizaciones de Marketing de los Destinos.

Instagram allows users to share photos and videos and is a key tool to create destination image. Nowadaysdestinations compete among them to have a good image and a better position among publics. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyze the georeferenced publications of photographs and videos of users in destinations, the reactions they have generated among them and to create an Impact Factor that generates a popularity ranking of the destinations on Instagram. The study shows the contribution of the created Impact Factor in Instagram to measure the popularity of the destinations with respect to previous rankings andtheir usefulness for the Destination Marketing Organizations.
Una década de turismo sin fronteras. El caso de la Región Duero/Douro, el turismo fluvial y la diversidad turística
Authors: Ruiz Romero de la Cruz Elena , Cruz Ruiz Elena , Zamarreño Aramendia Gorka
Published: July 2020

La incorporación de España y Portugal a la Comunidad Europea ha impulsado la cooperación transfronteriza y el turismo a ambos lados de la frontera luso española. Nuestro análisis se ciñe a la Región Duero/Douro con el río Duero y el turismo fluvial de referente, un nicho de mercado que ha progresado en los últimos años, revalorizando la diversidad turística existente a través de las actividades acuáticas y el turismo de cruceros. Los recursos y una naturaleza protegida han permitido a ambos lados de la frontera, afianzar el sector turístico ligado al Duero y al Douro, intensificándose en el último lustro la actividad fluvial, reunida al turismo enológico y a los espacios naturales protegidos.

The membership of Spain and Portugal to the European Union has encouraged cross-border cooperation, promoting the diversification of the tourism in both sides of the Luso-Spanish border. Our analysis takes as a reference Duero/Douro region and the Douro River, this fluvial tourism has revalued cultural, wine and heritage tourism with water activities and cruises, reinforcing the existing tourist diversity.  The resource management has allowed on both sides of the border, strengthen the tourism sector linked to the Douro and the Douro, intensifying in the last five years the fluvial activity, gathered around the wine tourism and the natural spaces.
Las políticas del agua en España: bases para un desarrollo turístico equilibrado, en el contexto de la desglobalización
Authors: Sotelo Pérez Ignacio , Sotelo Pérez María , Febles Díaz José Miguel
Published: July 2020

Las actividades económicas relacionadas con el turismo necesitan, a diferentes escalas, de una política relacionada con el agua, en nuestro caso en España. El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es mostrar las directrices que marcan, o debieran señalar, el camino para la utilización de un recurso escaso como es el agua, para que las actividades turísticas puedan desarrollarse de forma equilibrada, marcando y favoreciendo el crecimiento de los diferentes destinos turísticos, coadyuvando al logro de unas condiciones de vida más ecuánimes. De esta forma, al analizar la política de Aguas con detenimiento, se determina como en España, desde la aparición en la época democrática actual, de la Ley de Aguas de 1985, hasta aproximadamente la presentación del Real Decreto que aprueba el reglamento de la Planificación Hidrológica, se ha ido denotando un progresivo desarrollo en cuanto a los asuntos que han tenido que ir afrontando las diferentes políticas hídricas. En esta línea, las directrices legales relativas al recurso hídrico, han ido amoldándose a las exigencias de las circunstancias, principalmente a las tendencias comunitarias encarnadas en la renombrada Directiva 2000/60/CE, que exigía esencialmente, que se garantizase una disponibilidad de aguas racional, de tal forma que se revitalizase las diversas actividades sociales.

Economic activities related to tourism need, at different scales, a policy related to water, in our case in Spain. The main objective of the present investigation is to show the guidelines that mark, or should indicate, the path for the use of a scarce resource such as water, so that the tourist activities can be developed in a balanced way, marking and favoring the growth of the different tourist destinations, contributing to the achievement of more equanimous living conditions. Thus, when analyzing the Water policy in detail, it is determined as in Spain, since the appearance in the current democratic era, of the Water Law of 1985, until approximately the presentation of the Royal Decree that approves the regulation of Hydrological Planning, it has been denoting a progressive development in terms of the issues that have had to face the different water policies. Along these lines, the legal guidelines related to water resources have been adapting to the demands of the circumstances, mainly to the community trends embodied in the renowned Directive 2000/60/EC, which essentially required that rational water availability be guaranteed, so that the various social activities were revitalized.
Eventos pos-COVID-19, rediseño y virtualización
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: July 2020

La COVID-19 ha obligado a cancelar o posponer una gran cantidad de eventos. Otros están siendo rediseñados con la ayuda de la digitalización. Los eventos virtuales pueden ser una alternativa para el sector, pero deben planificarse considerando sus características específicas. En este artículo se proponen quince aspectos para tener en cuenta a la hora de diseñar un evento virtual.
The switch from one substance-of-abuse to another: illicit drug substitution behaviors in a sample of high-risk drug users
Authors: Shapira Barak , Rosca Paola , Berkovitz Ronny , Gorjaltsan Igor , Neumark Yehuda
Published: July 2020

Background

Substitution can be defined as the consciously motivated choice to use one drug, either licit or illicit, instead of another, due to perceptions of cost, availability, safety, legality, substance characteristics, and substance attributions. Substitution represents a potential risk to drug users, mainly when substitutes are of higher potency and toxicity. This study offers a basic conceptualization of illicit substitution behavior and describes substitution patterns among users of two highly prevalent drugs of abuse—heroin and cannabis.

Methods

Here, 592 high-risk drug users undergoing pharmacological and psycho-social treatment were interviewed. Patients were asked questions about current drug use, lifetime substitution, and substitution patterns. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests of independence, and multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify and test correlates of substitution patterns for heroin and cannabis.

Results

Of the 592 drug users interviewed, 448 subjects (75.7%) reported having substituted their preferred drug for another illicit substance. Interviews yielded a total of 275 substitution events reported by users of cannabis, and 351 substitution events reported by users of heroin. The most frequently reported substitution substances for responders who preferred heroin were illicit non-prescribed “street” methadone (35.9%), followed by oral and transdermal prescription opioids (17.7%). For responders who preferred cannabis, substitution for synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (33.5%) followed by alcohol (16.0%) were the most commonly reported. Age at onset–of–use (p < 0.005), population group (p = 0.008), and attending treatment for the first time (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with reported lifetime substitution. Past-year use of stimulants, heroin, hallucinogens, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and novel psychoactive substances were—at the 95% confidence level—also significantly associated with reported lifetime substitution. In multivariate analysis, the odds for methadone substitution among heroin users were significantly affected by age at onset-of-use, type of treatment center, and education. Odds for substitution for synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists among cannabis users were significantly affected by age, population group, type of treatment center, and education.

Conclusion

Self-substitution behavior should be considered by clinicians and policymakers as a common practice among most drugusers. Substitution for street methadone provides evidence for the ongoing diversion of this substance from Opioid Maintenance Treatment Centers, while the prominence of substitution of synthetic cannabinoids among dual-diagnosis patients should be regarded as an ongoing risk to patients that needs to be addressed by clinicians. Analysis of additional substitution patterns should provide further valuable insights into the behavior of drugusers.
Mechanisms behind bottom-up effects: eutrophication increases fecundity by shortening the interspawning interval in stickleback
Authors: Saarinen Anne , Candolin Ulrika
Published: July 2020

Anthropogenic eutrophication is altering aquatic environments by promoting primary production. This influences the population dynamics of consumers through bottom-up effects, but the underlying mechanisms and pathways are not always clear. To evaluate and mitigate effects of eutrophication on ecological communities, more research is needed on the underlying factors. Here we show that anthropogenic eutrophication increases population fecundity in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by increasing the number of times females reproduce—lifetime fecundity—rather than instantaneous fecundity. When we exposed females to nutrient-enriched waters with enhanced algal growth, their interspawning interval shortened but the size of their egg clutches, or the size of their eggs, did not change. The shortening of the interspawning interval was probably caused by higher food intake, as algae growth promotes the growth of preferred prey populations. Enhanced female lifetime fecundity could increase offspring production and, hence, influence population dynamics. In support of this, earlier studies show that more offspring are emerging in habitats with denser algae growth. Thus, our results stress the importance of considering lifetime fecundity, in addition to instantaneous fecundity, when investigating the impact of human-induced eutrophication on population processes. At a broader level, our results highlight the importance of following individuals over longer time spans when evaluating the pathways and processes through which environmental changes influence individual fitness and population processes.
Transition Space at the Museum: A Community Arts-Based Group Program to Foster the Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Youths with Mental Health Problems
Authors: Archambault Kim , Porter-Vignola Élyse , Lajeunesse Marilyn , Debroux-Leduc Victor , Macabena Perez Rocio , Garel Patricia
Published: July 2020

Transition Space at the Museum is a community arts-based group program aiming to foster the psychosocial rehabilitation of adolescents and young adults with mental health problems. In this pilot evaluation, we assessed the preliminary effectiveness of the program at improving participants’ well-being and social functioning. Following a mixed-methods, single-group, repeated-measures design, we collected data before, during, and after program from participants, clinicians, and close relatives using standardized questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. We found converging quantitative and qualitative results supporting the safety and potential of the program to improve the way participants feel and function socially in the short term.
Effect of Three Pickling Agents on the Physico-chemical Properties of Two Varieties of Cucumber Stored under Tropical Ambient Conditions
Authors: Dankwa A. Boakye- , Maleekuu B. K. , Kumah P. , Tandoh P. K.
Published: July 2020

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of three pickling agents on the physico-chemical properties of two varieties of cucumber (Poinsett and Marketmore) stored under ambient conditions for 90 days. A 2x3 factorial design in a Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications was used for the study. The treatment consisted of two varieties of cucumbers (Poinsett and Marketmore) and three pickling solutions (Brine, Vinegar and Brine + Vinegar). The study revealed that Brine + Vinegar solution recorded the highest firmness (19.17N) whiles Brine solution recorded the least firmness of 8.25N. For the pH, there were no significant differences between the two varieties of cucumber, the pickling solutions and their interaction. Brine + Vinegar solution recorded the highest titratable acidity (12.03%) whiles Brine solution recorded the least titratable acidity (3.90%). For the interaction, Marketmore in Brine + Vinegar recorded the highest mean (13.10%), whiles Marketmore and Poinsett in Brine recorded the least means for titratable acidity (3.73% and 4.07% respectively). For the total soluble solids, no significant difference was observed between the two varieties. Brine solution and Brine + Vinegar solution recorded the highest total soluble solids (3.70 Brix and 3.01 Brix respectively). Vinegar solution recorded the least (1.65 Brix) total soluble solids. For the interaction, Marketmore and Poinsett in Brine recorded the highest total soluble solid (3.67 Brix and 3.73 Brix respectively) while Marketmore and Poinsett in Vinegar recorded the least mean for the total soluble solid content (1.63 Brix and 1.67 Brix respectively).
Cell Free DNA Analysis for Chromosomal Abnormalities among Pregnant Females of Pakistan
Authors: Sani Aliya Irshad , Ali Sajjad , Sohail Taha , Farrukh Sadia
Published: July 2020

The advancement of modern molecular biology techniques has made it possible to detect fetal anomalies beforehand in order to tackle the upcoming situation. However, the idea is to devise the most sensitive screening tools with fewer chances of errors as well as noninvasive methods to diagnose fetal abnormalities. Previously used methods amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling possess risks for the fetus on the other hand cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) method is less invasive and reduces the risk to fetus. However, currently most cffDNA screening tests routinely evaluate fetal sex and sex chromosomal aneuploidies while in developed countries analysis of cffDNA is incorporated in high-risk pregnancies to detect the defects and mutations. In Pakistan where the prevalence of birth defect is reported approximately 7% as well as increased consanguineous marriages increase the chance of such defects. Centers in Pakistan offer cffDNA testing but with a hefty cost on the pocket. This review highlights the importance and prospects of exploring the maternal plasma Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening in high risk mothers in Pakistan as well as the limitations and strengths of the technique. Since the cffDNA sequencing is a major advancement in genomic medicine that has reduced the invasive procedures in clinical medicine.
Extinction Growth Model
Authors: Achola Daniel Ochieng
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To develop a mathematical model that incorporates genetic defect in estimating the growth rate of roan antelopes in Ruma National Park,Kenya.Methodology: This study has developed an improved Oksendal and Lungu’s stochastic logistic model to estimates population growth rate of roans by incorporating genetic defect that were not considered by Magin and Cock. Appropriate adjustments were made to Vortex version 9.99 a computer simulation programme to simulate the extinction process.Results: There is a high-level impact between inbreeding and population growth(survival) in small populations. Supplementation of both juvenile and adult roans ensured population survival for longer period.Conclusion: Due to unpredictable consequences to the ecosystem and conflict with wildlife management policies in protected areas, this paper recommends supplementation instead of predator control to curb inbreeding which is a major threat to small populations. Supplementation should be done in phases without causing disruption to social groups.
Economic Contribution and Inequality Mitigation of Wicker Handicraft Entrepreneurship in Rural Kashmir, India
Authors: Islam M. A. , Wani A. A. , Bhat G. M. , Gatoo A. A. , Murtaza Shah , Atta Ummar , Shah S. S. G. Sheikh
Published: July 2020

Wicker handicraft entrepreneurship is a unique world-famous small-scale forest-based cottage industry of indigenous people of Kashmir Himalaya which plays a prominent role in livelihood security, socioeconomic development, traditional handcraftsmanship and rural industrialization in the region. The study investigated the economic contribution, income inequality mitigation and determinant socioeconomic factors of wicker handicraft entrepreneurship in Pulwama district of J&K UT. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to select the sample of 100 wicker handicraft entrepreneurs. Data were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used in data analysis. Results revealed that collection of withies from Parrotia jacquemontiana, Cotoneaster baciliaris, Indigofera pulchella and Salix spp. was 61.71 t/year for manufacture of 43514 wicker handicrafts/year which generated an income of  5953470/year. Wicker handicraft income contributes 66.97%, whereas farm and non-farm income accounts 23.46% and 9.58% of total household income, respectively. Gini coefficient was 21.85 when wicker handicraft income was considered and 53.14 when it was ignored which indicated that the wicker handicraft income have stronger equalizing effect on local income distribution. Regression analysis showed that all explanatory variables jointly accounted 81.50% (R2=0.815) variation on wicker handicraft income. Among socioeconomic factors, education, family composition, housing status, subsequent occupation and gross annual income were key determinants influencing significantly (p<0.05) the wicker handicraft income. To achieve the socioeconomic development and livelihood diversification objectives, policy must be directed towards the rural industrialization through wicker handicraft entrepreneurship.
Impact of Climate Change and Vulnerability Assessment of Pastoralists Located in South Central Somalia Based on Income and Marital Status
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Adam , Ojwang Redemtor Awuor
Published: July 2020

Recent changes in climate over the last three decades, have increased the incidences of severe droughts and floods in Somalia. Moreover, the frequent internal conflicts increases the level of vulnerability of its citizens’ to climate change impacts. The UNDP puts at 5 million, the number of Somali people affected by drought incidences. Notably, factors such as income and marital status influence the vulnerability status of individuals in the region. This study assessed the vulnerability and impact of climate change of South Central Somali pastoralists based on income and marital status. The research was conducted through structured interviews and questionnaires and the sample size for the study was 400. The divorcees, were found to be the most vulnerable, compared to the married, singles and widows. On the other hand, the higher income earners were found to be less vulnerable to climate change impacts compared to the lower income earners. The findings demonstrate that marital status and income, play a key role in influencing the level of vulnerability of the individuals in the study area. The information can be used to formulate policies that will provide appropriate interventions to the most affected groups.
Production, Optimization, Purification and Characterization of Mannanase Produced by Bacillus Subtilis
Authors: Christianah Adebayo-Tayo Bukola , Ajoke Onifade Deborah
Published: July 2020

Endo-β-1,4-D-mannanase (β-mannanase; EC 3.2.1.78) catalyses the random hydrolysis of mannoglycosidic bonds in mannan-based polysaccharides. These enyzmes are commonly found in nature and are located within the structure of mannans and heteromannans (galactomannan, glucomannan and galactoglucomannan) in the hemicellulose fraction of trees with soft tissues and hard tissues, locust bean seed.  Most β-mannanases degrade mannooligosaccharides down to a degree of polymerization of four. In this study mannanase was produced using a submerged fermentation method from Bacillus subtilis. The effect of growth of the organism and processing parameters on the production of mannanase were determined after which optimization studies were carried out. The enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulphate, dialysis and gel filtration. The partially purified enzyme was characterized. The result of the study showed that mannanase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis was optimally produced in a medium comprising of galactose, peptone, sugarcane bagasse at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 45 oC. The enzyme was most stable and active at pH 10.0 and at a temperature of 40 oC.  and 60 respectively.
Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Amani Ainuddin , Behzad Mohammad Aalim
Published: July 2020

Studies pertaining to effect of split application of nitrogen on growth and yield of wheat was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm of Kunduz University during 2018-19 using RCBD with three replications. Nitrogen by Urea was applied; 50% N as basal + 50% N at tillering, 50% N as basal + 50% N at flowering, 50% N as basal + 25% N at tillering + 25% N at flowering, 33% N as basal + 66% N at tillering, 33% N as basal + 66% N at flowering, 33% N at basal + 33% N at tillaring +33% N at flowering. The results showed that split application of nitrogen in 2 split (33% N as basal + 66% N at tillering) increases the all growth parameters [height of plant (105.25 cm), number of tillers (6.16 tiller plant-1), spicks (5.63 spick plant-1) and spikelet per spick (16.66 spikelet spick-1), the yield and yield component; 1000 grain weight (34.60 g), grain yield (5208.22 kg ha-1) and straw yield (8853.98 kg ha-1) increases with 33% N as basal + 33% N at tillering + 33% N at flowering.
Syzygium aromaticum Derived Phytochemicals against Infections in Feet Crack Caused by Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Das Debasmita , Sahu Sonu Priya , Das Sunanya , Panigrahi G. K. , Swain Sitaram , Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Syzygium aromaticum plant extract traditionally used to cure Feet Crack. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Myricetin can effectively deactivate the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.