bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new modeling and inference approach for the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial outcomes
Authors: Yang Song , Ambrosius Walter T , Fine Lawrence J , Bress Adam P , Cushman William C , Raj Dominic S , Rehman Shakaib , Tamariz Leonardo
Published: April 2018

Background/aims

In clinical trials with time-to-event outcomes, usually the significance tests and confidence intervals are based on a proportional hazards model. Thus, the temporal pattern of the treatment effect is not directly considered. This could be problematic if the proportional hazards assumption is violated, as such violation could impact both interim and final estimates of the treatment effect.

Methods

We describe the application of inference procedures developed recently in the literature for time-to-event outcomes when the treatment effect may or may not be time-dependent. The inference procedures are based on a new model which contains the proportional hazards model as a sub-model. The temporal pattern of the treatment effect can then be expressed and displayed. The average hazard ratio is used as the summary measure of the treatment effect. The test of the null hypothesis uses adaptive weights that often lead to improvement in power over the log-rank test.

Results

Without needing to assume proportional hazards, the new approach yields results consistent with previously published findings in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. It provides a visual display of the time course of the treatment effect. At four of the five scheduled interim looks, the new approach yields smaller p values than the log-rank test. The average hazard ratio and its confidence interval indicates a treatment effect nearly a year earlier than a restricted mean survival time–based approach.

Conclusion

When the hazards are proportional between the comparison groups, the new methods yield results very close to the traditional approaches. When the proportional hazards assumption is violated, the new methods continue to be applicable and can potentially be more sensitive to departure from the null hypothesis.
Monitoring Crohn’s disease activity: endoscopy, fecal markers and computed tomography enterography
Authors: Lopes Susana , Andrade Patrícia , Afonso Joana , Cunha Rui , Rodrigues-Pinto Eduardo , Ramos Isabel , Macedo Guilherme , Magro Fernando
Published: April 2018

Background:

The treatment goal of Crohn’s disease (CD) has moved towards achieving mucosal healing, resolution of transmural inflammation, and normalization of biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well computed tomography enterography (CTE) and fecal calprotectin (FC) correlated with endoscopic activity in newly diagnosed patients with CD and after 1 year of therapy.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed CD were evaluated by endoscopy, CTE, and FC at diagnosis and 12 months after beginning immunosuppression. Endoscopic severity was assessed using the Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD). Biomarkers, clinical indexes, and FC were recorded on the day of ileocolonoscopy at diagnosis and 1 year after diagnosis. We adapted a CTE score for disease activity based on radiological signs of inflammation (i.e. mural thickness, mural hyperenhancement, mesenteric fat proliferation, mesenteric fat densification, comb sign, presence of strictures, fistulas, abscesses, ascites, and lymphadenopathy). Correlations between endoscopy, CTE, and FC were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results:

A total of 29 patients (48% women; median age 30 (24.5–35.5) years) were included in this prospective cohort. CTE findings significantly correlated with endoscopic findings. Endoscopic remission (ER) at 1-year follow up significantly correlated with improvement in mural hyperenhancement ( p = 0.004), mesenteric fat densification ( p = 0.001), comb sign ( p = 0.004), and strictures ( p = 0.008) in CTE. None of the CTE findings improved in patients without ER. FC correlated with SES-CD ( rs = 0.696, p < 0.001) and with CTE features of inflammation ( rs = 0.596, p < 0.001). A cut-off of 100 µg/g predicted ER with 92% sensitivity, 65% specificity, and 83% accuracy (area under curve 0.878, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

CTE findings and FC levels correlated with endoscopic activity in CD both at diagnosis and at 1-year follow up. These two noninvasive markers of disease activity may be used as an alternative to endoscopy to monitor disease response to therapy.
Beta adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance and alterations of the cerebral ceramide metabolism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Luger Sebastian , Schwebler Annette , Vutukuri Rajkumar , Bouzas Nerea Ferreiros , Labocha Sandra , Schreiber Yannick , Brunkhorst Robert , Steinmetz Helmuth , Pfeilschifter Josef , Pfeilschifter Waltraud
Published: April 2018

Background:

Sphingolipids are versatile signaling molecules derived from membrane lipids of eukaryotic cells. Ceramides regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and are involved in cellular stress responses. Experimental evidence suggests a pivotal role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. A neuroprotective effect has been shown for beta-adrenergic antagonists in rodent stroke models and supported by observational clinical data. However, the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still under investigation. We aimed to examine the influence of propranolol on the ceramide metabolism in the stroke-affected brain.

Methods:

Mice were subjected to 60 or 180 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and infarct size, functional neurological deficits, glucose tolerance, and brain ceramide levels were assessed after 12, 24, and 72 h to evaluate whether the latter two processes occur in a similar time frame. Next, we assessed the effects of propranolol (10 mg/kg bw) at 0, 4 and 8 h after tMCAO and FTY720 (fingolimod; 1 mg/kg) on infarct size, functional outcome, immune cell counts and brain ceramide levels at 24 h after 60 min tMCAO.

Results:

We found a temporal coincidence between stroke-associated impaired glucose tolerance and brain ceramide accumulation. Whereas propranolol reduced ischemic lesion size, improved functional outcome and reduced brain ceramide accumulation without an effect on circulating immune cells, FTY720 showed the known neuroprotective effect and strong reduction of circulating immune cells without affecting brain ceramide accumulation.

Conclusions:

Propranolol ameliorates both stroke-associated impairment of glucose tolerance and brain ceramide accumulation which are temporally linked, strengthening the evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating post-stroke glucose metabolism and its metabolic consequences in the brain.
Comparison of four parameters to assess acetabular dysplasia and acetabular dysplasia rates in primary hip osteoarthritis patients: A study in Turkish population
Authors: Adanir Oktay , Zorer Gazi
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Hip osteoarthritis is an important orthopedic problem frequently observed in the elderly. Acetabular dysplasia (AD) is one of the pathologies that cause coxarthrosis. Nearly 20–45% of primary or idiopathic hip osteoarthritis is linked to AD. In our country, there are few studies on this topic. We measured the center–edge (CE) angle, Sharp’s angle, acetabular depth, and femoral head coverage ratio on pelvis anteroposterior radiographs of patients with primary coxarthrosis and calculated the dysplasia rates.

Patients and method:

Age at surgery and sex of the patients; and CE angle, Sharp’s angle, acetabular depth, and femoral head coverage ratio for both operated and opposite hips were evaluated in 223 total hip prosthesis–performed patients with coxarthrosis. Also the distribution of mean age at surgery, sex of patients, dysplasia rates of operated hips, and bilateral dysplasia rates were calculated.

Results:

The right to left ratio of operated hips was 104/119. Female to male ratio was 163/60 (2.7/1), for those with CE angle below 20° it was 123/30 (4.1/1), and it was 40/30 (1.3/1) with CE angle above 20°. Mean age of patients at surgery was 56.9 (±11.4) years. CE angle less than 20° was found in 68.6% of patients, acetabulum depth less than 9 mm was found in 75.3%, Sharp’s angle was more than 45° in 65.9%, and femoral head coverage ratio was less than 70% in 70.3% of patients.

Conclusions:

We identified a high rate of AD in primary coxarthrosis patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in the study population.
Arthroscopic knotless single-row repair preserving full footprint versus tear completion repair for partial articular-sided rotator cuff tear
Authors: Liu Cen Tao , Ge Heng an , Hu Rui , Huang Jing Biao , Cheng Yi Chao , Wang Min , Wu Peng , Cheng Biao
Published: April 2018

Background:

The comparison of clinical outcomes of arthroscopic footprint-preserving knotless single-row repair with the tear completion repair technique for articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) remains unclear.

Methods:

A total of 68 patients diagnosed with articular-sided PTRCTs who underwent rotator cuff repair between December 2014 and June 2015 were included. Of the 68 patients, 30 received footprint-preserving knotless single-row repair (group 1) and 38 received the tear completion repair technique (group 2). Preoperative and postoperative assessments were compared.

Results:

Both groups had significantly improved American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores (group 1: 48.2 preoperatively to 81.9 postoperatively, p < 0.001; group 2: 47.1 preoperatively to 84.9 postoperatively, p < 0.001) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score (group 1: 6.0 preoperatively to 0.93 postoperatively, p < 0.001; group 2: 6.1 preoperatively to 1.1 postoperatively, p < 0.001), showing that the two procedures significantly improved postoperative shoulder function. No significant differences were shown in ASES score or VAS pain score between the two groups ( p > 0.05). The mean operation time was significantly shorter in group 1 with an average of 48.1 min than in group 2 with an average of 60.4 min ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Footprint-preserving knotless single-row repair obtains similar clinical results compared to tear completion repair in the treatment of articular-sided PTRCTs. Footprint-preserving knotless single-row repair may be a convenient choice for the treatment of articular-sided PTRCTs. Randomized controlled studies are needed to investigate whether the footprint-preserving knotless single-row repair yields better long-term outcomes through the protection of the bursal cuff and restoration of the healthy footprint.
Outcomes and Return to Sport After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Baseball Players
Authors: Saper Michael , Shung Joseph , Pearce Stephanie , Bompadre Viviana , Andrews James R.
Published: April 2018

Background:

The number of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions in adolescent athletes has increased over the past 2 decades. Clinical results in this population have not been well studied.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and return to sport after UCL reconstruction in a large group of adolescent baseball players. We hypothesized that excellent clinical outcomes and high rates of return to sport would be observed in this population at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We reviewed 140 adolescent (aged ≤19 years) baseball players who underwent UCL reconstruction with the American Sports Medicine Institute (ASMI) technique by a single surgeon. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, injury characteristics, operative details, and surgical complications. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Conway scale, the Andrews-Timmerman (A-T) score, the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) score, and a 0- to 100-point subjective scale for elbow function and satisfaction. Return to sporting activity was assessed using a custom-designed questionnaire.

Results:

The mean age at the time of surgery was 18.0 years (range, 13-19 years), and the mean follow-up was 57.9 months (range, 32.4-115.4 months). Over half (60%) of patients were high school athletes. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 6.9 months (range, 0.5-60.0 months). Partial tears were identified in 57.9% of patients, and 41.3% of patients had preoperative ulnar nerve symptoms. Graft type included the ipsilateral palmaris in 77.1% of patients. Concomitant procedures were performed in 25% of patients. Outcomes on the Conway scale were “excellent” in 86.4% of patients. The mean A-T and KJOC scores were 97.3 ± 6.1 and 85.2 ± 14.6, respectively. Mean patient satisfaction was 94.4. Overall, 97.8% of patients reported returning to sport at a mean of 11.6 months (range, 5-24 months), and 89.9% of patients returned to sport at the same level of competition or higher. A total of 11.6% of patients went on to play professional baseball.

Conclusion:

UCL reconstruction with the ASMI technique is an effective surgical option in adolescents, with excellent outcome scores. At a minimum of 2-year follow-up, nearly 90% of patients returned to their preinjury level of sport.
Conservative Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Lobo Carlos Jasmin Alfredo
Published: April 2018

Category:

Hindfoot

Introduction/Purpose:

The objective of this study was to compare the results obtained in the treatment of plantar fasciitis, by: group I, muscle stretching (plantar and gastrocnemius); Group II, use of the dorsiflexion night splints; and group III, permanent elevation use of shoe heel, 2 cm or more, in relation to forefoot.

Methods:

One hundred and fifty patients participated in the prospective and randomized study. After randomizing the method, the patients received treatment orientation. Prescription: 150 mg diclofenac sodium, single daily dose, for 7 days. Group II, they underwent daily physiotherapy with plantar stretching and electrotherapy, associated to the use of the night splints. The evaluations were at 30 and 60 days. In the first evaluation, eight patients underwent local infiltration of betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone disodium phosphate: five from Group I and three from Group II. All patients were evaluated on the AOFAS score of the hindfoot.

Results:

First evaluation: group I, 52% showed little improvement (AOFAS: initial 53.5, 30 days 56.6); Group II, 38% were dissatisfied and uncomfortable with the night splints (AOFAS: initial 55.6, 30 days 63.3). In group III, 22% of the patients reported pain arising in the morning and after periods of sitting (AOFAS: initial 57.7, 30 days 81.6). Second evaluation: Group I, AOFAS 56.9; Group II AOFAS 72.2; group III AOFAS 88.6.

Conclusion:

heel elevation presented a satisfactory result, superior to the other methods used; difficulty for patient’s adhesion because it eliminates usage of shoes with no heels; AOFAS / scale close to all patients treated.
Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Hendy Benjamin , Raikin Steven , Pedowitz David , Shakked Rachel , Rogero Ryan , McDonald Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

Category:

Ankle, Ankle Arthritis

Introduction/Purpose:

Reports of ankle range of motion and how it affects patient outcomes following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) have been mixed. Furthermore, recent studies have relied on clinical exam to obtain postoperative range of motion and have lacked preoperative functional scores. The purpose of our study was to analyze how preoperative range of motion and functional scores change with time following TAA using postoperative functional scores and radiographs for range of motion calculations.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on 107 patients (109 ankles) that had undergone fixed-bearing implant TAA by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2015. Preoperative range of motion was gathered clinically in office by the senior author. Postoperative range of motion through the ankle joint was evaluated with dedicated weight-bearing maximum dorsiflexion and plantarflexion lateral radiographs at 3 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years. The range of motion was measured using the angle measurement tool on the picture archiving and communication system. Patients completed visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) questionnaire subcategorized into activities of daily (ADL) and sports subscale preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 3 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years. The mean age was 65 years (range, 31-83 years). Mean BMI was 28.1 (range, 14.9-44.9). There were 53 males (50%).

Results:

The mean total arc of ankle motion preoperatively was 20.7 degrees and improved significantly to 28.3, 34.3, 33.3, and 33.3 degrees at 3 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years, respectively (P<0.001) (Figure 1). Mean VAS pain and mean FAAM ADL preoperative scores improved significantly at each postoperative time point as seen in Figure 1 (P<0.001). Increased ankle range of motion was correlated with lower VAS preoperatively (r=-0.38, P=0.007), and at 1 year (r=-0.36, P<0.001), and 2 years (r=-0.2, P=0.033) postoperatively. Increased ankle range of motion was significantly correlated with higher FAAM-ADL at 3 months (r=0.48, P=0.012), 1 year (r=0.24, P<0.034), and 2 years (r=0.37, P<0.001) postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing fixed-bearing TAA had continued and sustained improvement from preoperative total arc of motion, pain, and function at each postoperative visit, up to 2 years. Ankle range of motion was noted to peak at 6 months, while pain and FAAM-ADL continued to improve up to 2 years postoperatively. Patients with greater ankle range of motion correlated with less pain and improved function at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Though pain and function may continue to improve even as far out as 2 years postoperatively, it is not likely that range of motion will continue to increase.
An in vitro comparison of standard cleaning to a continuous passive disinfection cap for the decontamination of needle-free connectors
Authors: Casey Anna L. , Karpanen Tarja J. , Nightingale Peter , Elliott Tom S. J.
Published: April 2018

Background

The optimal decontamination method for needle-free connectors is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to determine if a continuous passive disinfection cap is as effective as standard cleaning for the microbial decontamination of injection ports of two types of needle-free connectors.

Methods

The injection ports of needle-free connectors were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and allowed to dry. Disinfection caps containing 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were attached to the connectors for one, three or 7 days and were compared with needle-free connectors cleaned with 2% (w/v) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) IPA. The number of S. aureus remaining on the injection ports was evaluated. Median log10 reductions and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and data analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results

The application of the disinfection cap resulted in a significantly higher reduction in S. aureus than the 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA wipe, achieving a > 5 Log10 reduction in CFU at each time point.

Conclusions

The disinfection caps resulted in a significantly higher reduction in S.aureus on the injection ports when compared to the use of a 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA wipe. This offers an explanation for the lower rates of central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) associated with the use of disinfection caps reported in clinical studies.
Does it matter if immigrants work in jobs related to their education?
Authors: Dean Jason
Published: April 2018

A common finding throughout the Canadian immigration literature is that, despite having high levels of education, recent immigrants endure substantial earnings disadvantages upon arrival that persist throughout their working career. This paper investigates the role of “qualitative” education-job matches in explaining these poor labor market outcomes. Using a self-reported match measure, available in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), the incidence and wage penalties associated with being mismatched are found to be higher among immigrants relative to Canadian-born workers. As a consequence, mismatches on the part of immigrants are a mechanism behind the immigrant wage disadvantages reported throughout the literature. Successful matching is also found to significantly improve the return to pre-migration education and work experience.
Modeling consumers’ intention to use fashion and beauty subscription-based online services (SOS)
Authors: Ramkumar Bharath , Woo Hongjoo
Published: April 2018

This study examined one of the new consumption styles of modern consumers, subscription-based online services (SOS), which is often called as box retailing. The purpose of this study was to empirically test six antecedents—utilitarian motivations, hedonic motivations, fashion consciousness, consumer innovativeness, desire for unique products, and online transaction self-efficacy—as predictors of consumers’ attitude toward and intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. The theory of reasoned action was used as a theoretical foundation. With responses from 385 American consumers on an online survey, the theoretical model was tested in the fashion/beauty SOS context using structural equation modeling on LISREL. Results indicated that utilitarian and hedonic motivations, fashion consciousness, and online transaction self-efficacy indirectly influence intention to use fashion/beauty SOS, mediated by attitude towards fashion/beauty SOS. Instead of being mediated by attitude towards fashion/beauty SOS, consumer innovativeness and desire for unique products directly influence intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. Subjective norm positively influences intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. By identifying the factors that can predict consumers’ attitude towards and intention to use this new type of fashion/beauty consumption, this study addresses an evolving trend in home-based shopping behavior. Theoretically, as one of the earliest studies in this phenomenon, this study lays the theoretical groundwork paving way for further exploration in this area. Managers of fashion and beauty SOSs also can utilize these findings to more accurately target the appropriate consumer segment and streamline their marketing messages in accordance.
The phospholipase A2 pathway controls a synaptic cholesterol ester cycle and synapse damage
Authors: Osborne Craig , West Ewan , Bate Clive
Published: April 2018

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) acts as a scaffold protein that organises signalling complexes. In synaptosomes, the aggregation of PrPC by amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers attracts and activates cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), leading to synapse degeneration. The signalling platform is dependent on cholesterol released from cholesterol esters by cholesterol ester hydrolases (CEHs). The activation of cPLA2 requires cholesterol released from cholesterol esters by cholesterol ester hydrolases (CEHs), enzymes dependent upon platelet activating factor (PAF) released by activated cPLA2. This demonstrates a positive feedback system in which activated cPLA2 increased cholesterol concentrations, which in turn facilitated cPLA2 activation. PAF was also required for the incorporation of the tyrosine kinase Fyn and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 into Aβ–PrPC–cPLA2 complexes. As a failure to deactivate signalling complexes can lead to pathology, the mechanisms involved in their dispersal were studied. PAF facilitated the incorporation of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-1 into Aβ–PrPC–cPLA2–COX-2–Fyn complexes. The esterification of cholesterol reduced cholesterol concentrations, causing dispersal of Aβ–PrPC–cPLA2–COX-2–Fyn complexes and the cessation of signalling. This study identifies PAF as a key mediator regulating the cholesterol ester cycle, activation of cPLA2 and COX-2 within synapses, and synapse damage.
Peculiarities of power contact interaction in cutting area at blade machining of polymeric composite blanks
Authors: Зубарев Юрий , Zubarev Yuriy , Приемышев Александр , Priyomyshev Alexsandr , Заостровский Алексей , Zaostrovskiy Aleksey
Published: April 2018

On the basis of experiment results there is carried out an analysis of the cutting parameter impact upon force components of cutting at processing composites with cutting edges under different cutting conditions. The analysis of circular graphs of force components of cutting reasoning from the specified role of each force in the course of cutting is carried out.
Stylizacja na język potoczny w tłumaczeniu kanadyjskiej dramaturgii mniejszościowej na przykładzie polskiej wersji sztuki La Défaite Georges’a Bugneta
Authors: Czubińska Małgorzata
Published: April 2018

Colloquial stylization in French‑Canadian minority theatre: The case of Georges Bugnet’s La Défaite and its translation into Polish

Recourse to „oralité” in written texts, which is specific to the Francophone communities in Canada, poses a challenge to a translator who needs to reinvent the idiolects in the target language. The aim of this paper is to present translation methods proposed and applied by the translator so as to reproduce in Polish the contrasts present in the original discourse. As stylization is the main strategy used by the Polish translator of Georges Bugnet’s La Défaite, different types of stylization, its methods, purposes as well as the risks of the particular choice of stylization, especially in a context of drama translation, are to be determined and described.
Analiza kognitywna zmian stylistycznych w przekładzie Perły Johna Steinbecka
Authors: Gonigroszek Dorota
Published: April 2018

Stylistic changes in the translation of The Pearl by John Steinbeck – a cognitive account

The aim of the present article is to analyse the translation of The Pearl written by John Steinbeck. The translator of the novel Juliusz Kydryński made significant linguistic changes that distort the original message (sense) of this literary work. While translating the novel, he made the text stylistically similar to his own works, to some extent, ignoring the intentions of Steinbeck. The analysis is based on the theoretical tenets of cognitive linguistics.
Boula Matari Tintin – młody belgijski reporter jedzie do Konga
Authors: Niziołek Renata
Published: April 2018

The author of the article attempts to answer the following question: to what extent in the Polish translation of Hergé’s cartoon Tintin in the Congo is it possible to create a negroidal variant of language which is called „le petit nègre” in the French source text. The essential difference between these texts is related to the fact that the number of similar examples of stylizations in Polish literature is relatively small (compared to French literature).
To queer or not to queer? – teoria i praktyka tłumaczenia queerowego
Authors: Król Mateusz
Published: April 2018

To queer or not to queer? – theoretical framework and practical models of queer translation

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework of a relatively new phenomenon in translation studies that is the queer translation. Furthermore described are practical models of the queer translation. The material used by theauthor in his analysis is Lubiewo written by Michał Witkowski and its French and English translations. The author shows the complex relations between gender studies, queer studies and translation studies which are visible in the queer translation.
Intuicja tłumacza w kontekście badań przekładoznawczych
Authors: Piotrowska Maria
Published: April 2018

The translator’s intuition in Translation Studies research

In the era of a tremendous growth of a ‘non‑existing’ discipline of translation studies and a gradual de‑humanisation of translation in its pragmatic aspect via an extensive use of new technologies, exploring a scholarly controversial, and yet valid concept of “the translator’s intuition” is both risky and relevant. The aim of the study is to address the paradox and analyse the concept of intuition against a few selected TS research models, explicate the latter, and in particular, focus on the well‑known competence models. An overview of their development demonstrates how intuition is an element of creation during the translation process. Going beyond reasonable cognition, it is empirically observable and in such a perspective it provides an interesting insight into the translation process and translator competence.
Ołowiane żołnierzyki czy Cynkowi chłopcy?
Authors: Szczęsny Anna
Published: April 2018

Lead soldiers [Ołowiane żołnierzyki] or Boys in zinc [Cynkowi chłopcy]? Translator’s notes as a criterion in translation series analysis

The paper is a comparative analysis of two elements of a translation series – Polish translations of S. Alexievich’s Цинковые мальчики. The most important criterion that helps determine the translation dominant and fix the character of both translation projects turns out to be the paratexts, particularly the translator’s footnotes, their number and nature. What is more, the author focuses on the way the phatic and emotive functions are fulfilled through punctuation in the original and the translations.
Norma policéntrica del español frente a la traducción jurídica polaco‑española
Authors: Sorbet Piotr
Published: April 2018

Polycentric Spanish Norm Towards the Polish‑Spanish Legal Translation
The Spanish, being the official language of Spain and many other countries, is characterized by an important dialectal diversity that is reflected in the differences at all linguistic levels: phonetic, morphological, syntactic and lexico‑semantic, etc. All these differences raise controversies and discussions about the existence of a linguistic norm depending on the perspective that can have a monocentric or polycentric character. In this contribution we present some arguments for the second one. To this end, we rely on translations, starting simultaneously from the semasiological and onomasiological perspective, of some Polish‑Spanish legal terms in which it is essential to take into account, the diatopic variation as well as the norm whose character is polycentric.
O normę dla bibliografii przekładów
Authors: Chrobak Marzena
Published: April 2018

Norms for a Bibliography of Literature Translated
The article examines the contents and the structure of twenty bibliographies of foreign literature translated into Polish, from partial ones (those concerning one single translator, like Maciej Słomczyński (1922-1998). Bibliografia, by Monika Kucharczyk-Kubacka, 2008; one epoch, like Bibliografia literatury tłumaczonej na język polski 1945-1980 by Stanisław Bębenek, 1983; one genre, like Od Boccaccia do Eco. Włoska proza narracyjna w Polsce (od XVI do XXI wieku) by Jadwiga Miszalska, Monika Gurgul, Monika Surma-Gawłowska, Monika Woźniak, 2011) to global, like Index Translationum. While highly appreciating the qualities of each bibliography, the article regrets the absence of an bibliography permitting the advanced studies on literature transfer, on the model of Nausikaa. La réception de la litterature française en RDA (1945-1990). Une bibliographie de transfer by Danielle Risterucci-Roudnicky, 2010, accessible in the internet.
Przekłady starożytnych utworów dramatycznych – w zgodzie czy wbrew normom?
Authors: Bibik Barbara
Published: April 2018

The history of Polish translation of ancient tragedies begun in XIX century, when drama was considered to belong to the realm of literature rather than to the realm of theatre and when its theatrical values were considered as less important than those literary ones. But in V BC – in a century when the most distinguished ancient playwrights presented their plays – they were definitely regarded as works whose aim was to be presented on theatre stage. Thanks to some theatrical movements at the turn of XXth century, drama regained its due honours and place but still there is no unanimity among the scholars about many issues concerning translation of any ancient tragedy. They still raise questions about the connection between literature and theatre, or the connection between possible staging inserted in the words of drama and the stage possibilities from the translator’s time; how the literary or theatrical norms influence the translators’ decisions; should a translator facilitate the reception of a translated text or should he/she make it difficult; are there any borders or limits of a translation. I would like to dedicate the paper to some of those problems any translator of any ancient tragedy is supposed to solve, but especially to find the answer whether the existing norms or tradition of translation of those particular texts influence the translators and how they deal (discuss or change) with them.
Optimization of Culture Media Formulations for Micropropagation of Lepisanthes fruticosa
Authors: Ab Rahman Zuraida , Shukri Mat Ali Mohd , Norfaizal Ghazalli Mohd , Awang Khadijah , Nazreena Othman Ayu
Published: April 2018

Tissue culture provides an avenue for the production of high quality clonal plants in large numbers within a short time. Here, we describe the development of protocols for reproducible in vitro micropropagation of Lepisanthes fruticosa via direct organogenesis. Shoots were initiated from two types of explants, nodes and young shoots, to establish in vitro cultures on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium or Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). Semi-solid WPM media containing 1 mg/L BAP was most effective in shoot initiation in both node and young shoot explants, giving 40% and 20% shoot induction, respectively. The highest rate of shoot proliferation from young shoot explants was obtained using BAP at 3.0 mg/L in combination with NAA at 1.0 mg/L in WPM culture medium. This combination of growth regulators in the medium was also suited to root initiation.
Garlic (Allium sativum) increases SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the kidney and liver tissues of STZ- and STZ+niacinamide-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Arab Sadeghabadi Zahra , Ziamajidi Nasrin , Abbasalipourkabir Roghayeh , Mohseni Roohollah
Published: April 2018

Background

Diabetic nephropathy and liver damage are important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Various factors, such as sirtuins (silent information regulators or SIRTs) are associated with these complications. Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent proteins, and seven types of these can be found in mammalians. In this study, we evaluated the effects of aqueous garlic extract (G) on the expressions of SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in the kidney and liver tissues of rats with types 1 and 2 diabetes.

Methods

A total of 36 male Wistar rats (230–280 g) were randomly divided into six groups: C: normal control rats, D1M: type 1 diabetic rats (induced with streptozotocin, STZ), D1M+G: type 1 diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract, D2M: type 2 diabetic rats (induced with STZ and niacinamide), D2M+G: type 2 diabetic rats treated with garlic extract, and G: normal rats that received garlic extract. At the end of the treatment time, kidney and liver tissue samples were collected from all rats. The SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions were determined by qRT-PCR.

Results

The SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats decreased significantly compared with those in the control rats (p<0.05). After treatment with garlic extract, the gene expressions also increased significantly compared with those in the diabetic rats and are close to normal level (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Garlic extract increased the SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the livers and kidneys of diabetic rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic have been proven in many studies. Thus, it is possible that garlic – with its effects on this pathway of gene expression – can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus decreasing diabetic complications.
Strategies and Structure of the Family Economic Group Casa Ley
Authors: Sánchez Beatriz Pérez , Loera Marcela Rebeca Contreras
Published: April 2018

Objective: Analyze of the characteristics and competitive strategies, dimension and structure that allowed Casa Ley to become a family economic group

Methodology: The methods used: critical historical, analytical and descriptive. The following approaches were used: 1) regional, 2) historical and 3) corporate strategies and organizations. The regional approach considers that regional origin is an important factor in the economic and political practices of Mexican entrepreneurs. The second gives more weight to the historical origin and the conditions of emergence to establish the final configuration, the prevailing economic and political practices and the patterns of development of the groups. The third approach addresses the changing organizational structure of large modern corporations and their tendency to adopt more complex management structures and corporate morphologies

Findings: The main result is the marketing strategies implemented by Casa Ley, such as: introduction of services that add value to the company, creation and diversification of formats, brand creation, centralization of distribution systems and consumption incentives, consolidate the oligopoly structure of the trade sector. The comparative method is established to consider those situations in which the common characteristics of companies are combined in historical circumstances that precede the formation of large companies or groups in Mexico.

Value Added: It identifies the commercial strategies that have allowed the Mexican company of the retail sector in Mexico to become a consolidated family economic group.

Recommendations: The Casa Ley family economic group has been consolidated using successful commercial strategies, limiting its development by not using financial resources that are available in the stock market. Considering the above, it is advisable to use this source of financing available for the business sector.
Piercing and tattoos in adolescents: legal and medico-legal implications
Authors: Conti Adelaide , Bin Paola , Casella Claudia , Capasso Emanuele , Fedeli Piergiorgio , Salzano Francesco Antonio , Terracciano Lucia , Piras Mauro
Published: April 2018

Non-therapeutic body modification interventions are permitted within the limits of the use of one’s own body that can be specified in the legal system. The authors take into consideration Italian regulation on tattooing and piercing, in particular in relation to adolescents.

Results

In Italy, several regions have therefore issued acts aimed at regulating the activities of tattoo and piercing also in reference to minors. Discussion. With regard to minors, the rules taken into account set precise limits in relation to the age criterion and subordinate the implementation of such practices to the provision of consent by legal representatives.

Conclusion

If such practices are of an aesthetic nature, we cannot avoid considering the implications they have on health protection, and then adopt appropriate measures to protect the person who intends to undergo them, particularly in the case of minors.
The central importance of information in cosmetic surgery and treatments
Authors: Lorenzo Pierpaolo Di , Casella Claudia , Capasso Emanuele , Conti Adelaide , Fedeli Piergiorgio , Policino Fabio , Niola Massimo
Published: April 2018

The increase in the number of people who choose to have medical procedures done to improve their appearance may be due to changed social and cultural factors in modern society, as well to the ease of access and affordable costs of these cosmetic treatments.

Today, two elements legitimate recourse to this type of treatment: the broad definition of health accepted by the law and the scientific community, and the provision of meticulous information to the entitled party previous to obtaining his or her consent. In Italy, while current case-law views treatments exclusively for cosmetic purposes as unnecessary, if not even superfluous, it nonetheless demands that providers inform clients about the actual improvement that can be expected, as well as the risks of worsening their current esthetic conditions.
Macular Retinoschisis and Its Semiotic Importance: A Case Report
Authors: Golubovic Milena , Tatesi Bekim , Isjanovski Igor , Buzarovska Karolina
Published: April 2018

Introduction. The concept of retinoschisis means splitting of the layers of neural retina. It can happen equally at the peripheral part of retina, as well as in the region of macula when we talk about macular retinoschisis.

Macular retinoschisis appears as one of the characteristics of a few hereditary diseases. According to the ophthalmoscopes’ picture it can easily be mixed with cystoid macular edema. Even though macular changes, in both cases, during time lead to decrease of visual acuity, distinction of macular changes is of semiotic significance in differential diagnosis of retinal diseases, which is important from a broader medical aspect. The aim of this paper is, by presenting a case with a rare hereditary disorder, to show the importance and complementarities of diagnostic methods, especially OCT and its meaning in establishing the correct diagnosis.

Case report. The paper presents a patient with macular retinoschisis, as a part of Goldmann-Favre vitreoretinal degeneration. It is a hereditary disorder, which in addition to schisms changes in the macula is characterized by changes in the pigmented epithelium at the medial part of retina. OCT finding in our patient showed cystic hyporeflexive change in the fovea, with palisade oriented smaller hyporeflexive changes, between plexiform layers and in the inner granular layer of the macula. On fluorescein angiography the leakage of the fluorescein in the macular region was absent, but the changes on the level of pigmented epithelium in the area of medial retina were evident. However, perimetry did not show defect in the visual field.

Conclusion. Newer diagnostic methods, such as optical coherence tomography, proved their importance in the decision making process and in making the right diagnosis in macular lesions. Beside the fact that the correct diagnosis of the disorder frequently has no importance in the sense of therapeutic possibility of the disease, its value can be seen in proper information of possibility of disease transmission as well as in prediction of affected person’s life perspective, associated with the decrease of visual acuity.
Excellent Outcome after Early Surgery for Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Complicated with Intracerebral and Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Filipce Venko , Caparoski Aleksandar , Kamiloski Tomi , Daskalov Dejan
Published: April 2018

Intracerebral hematoma and intraventricular hemorrhage can significantly worsen the neurological condition of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm. They also significantly affect the outcome of this patiens. We present a case in which early surgery had a significant effect on the outcome of this patient. Early decompression of the brain and subsequent clipping of the aneurysm as presented in our case has lead to a successful outcome.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-(μ2-3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzoate-κ2N:O) manganese(II)] tetrahydrate [(3,5-bis-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)-benzoic-κ1
Oκ1
N) manganese(II)] trihydrate, C38H42MnN4O14
Authors: Zou Gui-Hua , Zou Yu-Long , Shen Guang-Zhi
Published: April 2018

C38H42MnN4O14, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.165(12) Å, b = 10.116(6) Å, c = 20.734(13) Å, β = 99.021(11)°, V = 3970(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0486, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1442, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of phthalazin-1(2H)-one, C8H6N2O1
Authors: Yun-Chen Zhang , Hong-Mei Guo , Peng-Fei Li , Qing-Yun Liu , Xi-Shi Tai
Published: April 2018

C8H6N2O1, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.6277(17) Å, b = 13.134(3) Å, c = 13.062(5) Å, β = 110.54(3)°, V = 1386.0(7) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0512, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1581, T = 293(2) K.
Simulation study and experimental results for detection and classification of the transient capacitor inrush current using discrete wavelet transform and artificial intelligence
Authors: Patcharoen Theerasak , Yoomak Suntiti , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol , Pothisarn Chaichan
Published: April 2018

This paper describes the combination of discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and artificial intelligence (AI), which are efficient techniques to identify the type of inrush current, analyze the origin and possible cause on the capacitor bank switching. The experiment setup used to verify the proposed techniques can be detected and classified the transient inrush current from normal capacitor rated current. The discrete wavelet transforms are used to detect and classify the inrush current. Then, output from wavelet is acted as input of fuzzy inference system for discriminating the type of switching transient inrush current. The proposed technique shows enhanced performance with a discrimination accuracy of 90.57%. Both simulation study and experimental results are quite satisfactory with providing the high accuracy and reliability which can be developed and implemented into a numerical overcurrent (50/51) and unbalanced current (60C) protection relay for an application of shunt capacitor bank protection in the future.
New type of chaos synchronization in discrete-time systems: the F-M synchronization
Authors: Ouannas Adel , Grassi Giuseppe , Karouma Abdulrahman , Ziar Toufik , Wang Xiong , Pham Viet–Thanh
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a new type of synchronization for chaotic (hyperchaotic) maps with different dimensions is proposed. The novel scheme is called F – M synchronization, since it combines the inverse generalized synchronization (based on a functional relationship F) with the matrix projective synchronization (based on a matrix M). In particular, the proposed approach enables F – M synchronization with index d to be achieved between n-dimensional drive system map and m-dimensional response system map, where the synchronization index d corresponds to the dimension of the synchronization error. The technique, which exploits nonlinear controllers and Lyapunov stability theory, proves to be effective in achieving the F – M synchronization not only when the synchronization index d equals n or m, but even if the synchronization index d is larger than the map dimensions n and m. Finally, simulation results are reported, with the aim to illustrate the capabilities of the novel scheme proposed herein.
Eddy current modeling in linear and nonlinear multifilamentary composite materials
Authors: Menana Hocine , Farhat Mohamad , Hinaje Melika , Berger Kevin , Douine Bruno , Lévêque Jean
Published: April 2018

In this work, a numerical model is developed for a rapid computation of eddy currents in composite materials, adaptable for both carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) for NDT applications and multifilamentary high temperature superconductive (HTS) tapes for AC loss evaluation. The proposed model is based on an integro-differential formulation in terms of the electric vector potential in the frequency domain. The high anisotropy and the nonlinearity of the considered materials are easily handled in the frequency domain.