bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEARCH FOR SUBSTANCES PROMOTING THE ABSORPTION OF IRON: Studies on absorption and side‐effects
Authors: HALLBERG LEIP , SÖLVELL LENNART , BRISE HANS
Published: August 2010

The effect of a number of substances on iron absorption was studied in man using a double radioiron method. The substances studied were carbohydrates, amino acids, inorganic salts, thiamine, and riboflavin.

Three carbohydrates (sorbitol, mannitol and xylose) were found to increase the absorption of iron when given in large amounts. This absorption‐promoting effect, however, was accompanied by an increase in side‐effects. Ascorbic acid, which is known to increase iron absorption, was added to iron tablets. The side‐effects of such tablets were higher than those of plain iron tablets containing the same amount of elemental iron. These studies show that it is necessary to study both the absorption and the side‐effects to be able to judge the practical value of an iron preparation.
THE NORMAL METABOLISM OFγG‐GLOBULIN
Authors: Ahlinder Siv , Birke G. , Norberg Renée , Olhagen B. , Plantin L.‐O. , Reizenstein P.
Published: August 2010

AbstractA group of normal subjects has been studied after careful clinical examination. Different methods of determining the intravascularγG‐globulin concentration and of calculating the catabolism were used. The difference in the values as well as the composition of the material may well explain the divergent results published earlier. A standardization of these methods is therefore proposed. By using whole‐body counting as well, we obtained further information which showed that the plasma and the whole‐body curves are parallel, but not the plasma and the retained‐dose curves. This must signify that, if incomplete urine collection has been excluded,131I is eliminated by routes other than the urine. About 17% of the total daily amount of eliminated radioactivity can be estimated to be lost by routes other than the urine, which in turn means that the catabolic value will be too low when calculated by the U/P method. Possible routes of the131I‐elimination would be perspiration and via the saliva. Measurement of the extravascular pool by whole‐body counting showed that, in healthy active subjects, the extravascular compartment is equal in size to the intravascular.
DIABETIC COMA WITHOUT KETOACIDOSIS
Authors: Sølvsteen P. , Olsen V. Vestergaard , Hansen E. Lyders
Published: August 2010

Abstract As early as the 19th century diabetic coma without ketoacidosis (d.c.w.k.) was considered by some authors to be a disease differing from the common diabetic coma. During recent years more than 60 cases have been published in the literature, still carrying a mortality of 50%.

We have collected another five cases. None of the patients was in deep coma and only one died. Four of the patients had previously been treated with thiazides which, in some of the cases, might have induced the diabetes.

The mechanism of the development and the treatment of d.c.w.k. is discussed. Administration of insulin and large quantities of fluid parenterally is necessary if the high mortality is to be reduced. For rehydration purposes we prefer hypotonic saline containing 100 mEq NaCl per litre.
THE EFFECT OF NICOTINIC ACID ON THE DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE FREE FATTY ACIDS OF PLASMA
Authors: Carlström Sven , Laurell Sigfrid
Published: August 2010

Abstract In four patients with hyperlipemia the diurnal variations of plasma FFA were studied before, and during, nicotinic acid treatment. It was found that the mean plasma FFA level was higher during, than before, treatment with nicotinic acid, although a reducing effect on the plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol concentrations was observed. The hypothesis that the lowering effect of nicotinic acid on the plasma lipids is secondary to an inhibition of the FFA mobilization from adipose tissue is, reasonably, not valid.
PRIMARY AMYLOIDOSIS IN LUNGS AND HEART
Authors: Thomsen Ole Frøkjær
Published: August 2010

Abstract A case of presumably primary amyloidosis, located in lungs and heart in a 70‐year‐old man, is reported. During the last three years of his life the patient presented symptoms of congestive heart disease. The diagnosis was made at post‐mortem microscopic examination. The frequency of primary amyloidosis of lungs and heart is commented on.
IN VITRO MIGRATION OF PERIPHERAL HUMAN LEUCOCYTES IN CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Søborg Mogens
Published: August 2010

Abstract The influence of various antigen concentrations upon the in vitro migration of peripheral leucocytes from persons with cellular hypersensitivity to B. abortus Bang is investigated. An inhibition as well as a stimulation of the cell migration can be demonstrated. The dual effect of the antigen upon the migration cultures seems to be dependent upon two factors, first the antigen concentration, and second the sensitivity of the cell donor. High antigen concentrations lead in all cases to inhibition of the cell migration. Low antigen concentrations tend to result in a stimulation of the cell migration if the cells are of a low to moderate degree of sensitivity, while cells of high sensitivity are still inhibited at the low concentrations.
LEUCINE AND MEVALONATE AS PRECURSORS OF SERUM CHOLESTEROL IN MAN
Authors: Miettinen Tatu A. , Penttilä Ilkka M.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The incorporation of the radioactivities from simultaneously administered 3H‐leucine and 14C‐mevalonate to serum triglycerides as well as to serum free and esterified cholesterol was measured in five hypercholesterolemic and two normocholesterolemic human subjects. The fraction of leucine converted to serum cholesterol was markedly lower than that of mevalonate. Concentration of α‐ketoisocaproate, the first metabolite during the conversion of leucine to hydroxy‐methylglutarate, did not correlate to 3H‐cholesterol synthesis. At the peak specific activity the amount of radioactivity in serum free cholesterol and in triglycerides showed a correlation to the plasma pool size of these lipids. The appearance of 3H‐cholesterol in serum free and esterified cholesterol was faster than that of 14C‐cholesterol. Furthermore, the turnover rate of serum esterified cholesterol tended to be higher for 3H‐ than for 14C‐cholesterol. Normocholesterolemic subjects exhibited approximately the same turnover of esterified cholesterol as hypercholesterolemic cases.
A SEVERE HAEMORRHAGIC DISORDER WITH PROLONGED BLEEDING TIME DUE TO A PLASMA DEFECT BUT WITH NORMAL FACTOR VIII
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Cronberg Stig
Published: August 2010

AbstractA young girl had bleeding symptoms resembling those of severe von Willebrand's disease. At 12 years of age she had perilous menorrhagia. The Duke bleeding time usually exceeded 30 min, but all coagulation factors were normal and, unlike what is seen in von Willebrand's disease, factor VIII was normal. There was no pathologic fibrinolysis. The platelet adhesiveness was near the low limit of the normal range when tested with Hellem's whole blood method, and normal when examined with his plasma‐ADP method, but decreased when assessed with Salzman's method. The platelets appeared normal and aggregated and adhered normally to a glass slide. Aggregation after addition of ADP or connective tissue suspension was also normal. The prothrombin consumption test was usually normal. Fraction I‐0, fresh plasma, and stored plasma shortened the bleeding time. There was no family history of a bleeding disorder, and her parents showed no evidence of such a condition.

The findings suggest a special bleeding disorder of a new type resembling severe von Willebrand's disease but distinctly different from it. We have provisionally called the condition morbus Rita.
ACUTE HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES FOLLOWING BETA‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Cullhed Ingemar , Parrow Anders
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe acute hemodynamic effects of beta‐receptor blockade in thyrotoxicosis have been studied in six cases. The blockade was effectuated by the intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg/min of Inderal® (five cases) or Aptin® (one case). In the four cases which at rest showed hyperkinetic circulation there was a substantial decrease in heart rate and cardiac output, while the oxygen consumption was unaltered. On the basis of these hemodynamic findings, which confirm earlier reports, as well as some case reports on successful peroral therapy, the use of these drugs in thyrotoxicosis is recommended. Their use is in most cases only temporary until full benefit is derived from measures directly aimed at the thyroid hyperfunction.
THE PLASMA LIPIDS AND THEIR FATTY ACID PATTERN IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Bang H. O. , Thaysen E. Hess , Thygesen J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The concentrations of total plasma lipid, the major plasma lipid fractions including cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, and the fatty acid composition of the lipid fractions mentioned, were determined partly by gas‐liquid chromatography in 21 male and 11 female patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction during the first 1–2 days of their disease and—in the survivors—4 to 12 months later. The results were compared with those of 18 male and 10 female normal persons without any known coronary disease and whose age was comparable with that of the patients.

In most cases the results for the acute patients did not differ significantly from those for the controls. The analyses of the re‐examined patients showed increased concentrations of plasma total lipid and cholesterol as compared with those of the controls.

The fatty acid composition of the main plasma lipid fractions was not significantly changed in the two patient groups as compared with that of the controls, with one exception: very low or zero values of linolenic acid of the plasma lipid fraction were significantly more frequent in the acute patients as compared with the controls.
SERUM AND URINARY URIC ACID IN RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
Authors: Isomäki Heikki , Kreus K.‐E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Serum and urinary uric acid were measured in seven patients suffering from severe respiratory acidosis. The highly elevated serum levels of uric acid decreased to normal after carbon dioxide had been blown off with assisted ventilation. Simultaneously the urinary excretion of uric acid increased.
APPARENT RESISTANCE TO ORAL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY AND INFLUENCE OF HYPNOTICS ON SOME COAGULATION FACTORS
Authors: Johansson Stig‐Arne
Published: August 2010

Abstract The influence on the one‐stage prothrombin time (Quick index), prothrombin + proconvertin activity, platelet count and fibrinogen level of a barbiturate, Diminal duplex® (Astra) (10 patients), and of a non‐barbituric hypnotic drug, Placidyl® (Abbot) (6 patients), was studied during treatment with bishydrocoumarin, AP® (Ferrosan). An increase in the Quick index was noted in both groups whereas the prothrombin + proconvertin activity, fibrinogen level and platelet count were unaffected. The dose response of bishydrocoumarin on Quick index was studied in 20 patients. Two of these did not respond to large doses of bishydrocoumarin. Other anticoagulants such as Waran®, Sintroma® and Tromexan®, were also ineffective when given orally. Intravenous warfarin (Waran®) effectively lowered the Quick index in one of the patients but not the other. One patient resistant to bishydrocoumarin successfully treated with Marcoumar orally is also described. Apparent resistance to oral anticoagulants during treatment with hypnotic drugs and different causes of anticoagulant resistance per se are discussed.
EVALUATION OF ATROMID S (CLOFIBRATE) IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC STATES
Authors: Hood B. , Angervall G. , Cramér K. , Welin G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Atromid S has been evaluated in an uncontrolled trial on a clinical material of hyperlipidemic states, comprising 354 individuals, including an unusually high number of cases of essential hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis. Follow‐up periods varied between 1/2 and 41/2 years. Side‐effects, reasons for withdrawal, persistency of lipid‐lowering effects, rates of mortality and attacks of myocardial infarctions have been discussed. A significant and persistent lipid‐lowering effect was seen in all varieties. Although moderate, this was also apparent in severe hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis.

Mortality and infarction rates were low—as was also the frequency of side‐effects. No serious side‐effects were seen. The drug is considered to merit a considerable extension and prolongation of the study.
INTESTINAL CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND OTHER COLLAGEN DISEASES1
Authors: Olhagen Börje , Månsson Ingmar
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe intestinal anaerobic flora has been studied, with special reference to Clostridium perfringens, in various collagen diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) in particular, and in a series of control cases. The C. perfringens flora was qualitatively and quantitatively abnormal in two‐thirds of 186 R.A. cases, in two‐thirds of “entero‐arthritis” cases, in about half the S.L.E., the psoriatic‐arthritis, and the seronegative‐polyarthritis cases, but only in a few of the patients with pelvospondylitis ossificans and uro‐arthritis (Reiter's syndrome). An abnormal C. perfringens flora was not demonstrated in any of the patients with polyarthritis or arthralgia after tonsillitis, nor in any of the control cases. The alpha‐antitoxin titre in serum was raised in 78% of the R.A. cases, and such titre rises, which occurred parallel to the pathological C. perfringens flora, were also demonstrated in the cases of other inflammatory rheumatic diseases but were not noted in any of the control cases.

The results of faeces cultures and serological examinations are analysed in relation to several clinical and laboratory parameters, such as the patient's age and sex, duration and activity of the disease, administered drugs, hypergammaglobulinaemia, and secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. A tendency to higher frequency of abnormal C. perfringens flora is noted both in R.A. patients with high disease activity and in elderly patients.
WHOLE BODY HEMATOCRIT: LARGE VESSEL HEMATOCRIT RATIO IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Hansen Jacob , Rønnov‐Jessen Vagn
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhole body hematocrit/large vessel hematocrit (WBH/LVH ratio) has been examined in 21 normotensive and 35 hypertensive subjects and found to be the same, presumably as an expression of a uniform distribution of the blood volume in the two groups. Moderate renal impairment, the degree of the retinopathy, or the height of the diastolic blood pressure do not seem to influence the ratio figures.

The WBH/LVH ratio was examined during treatment with various hypotensive drugs. A significant increase in the ratio was demonstrated during the influence of a single effective intravenous dose of pentolinium. Similar results were obtained during short‐term treatment with guanethidine alone and during long‐term treatment with guanethidine and hydrochlorothiazide.

Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide alone caused an increase in ratio after one week and after three months, but these increases were not significant.

The possible causes of these alterations in the WBH/LVH ratio are discussed. The advantage of employing a double isotope technique in preference to a quicker single isotope technique has been analyzed in relation to the determination of the total blood volume in patients during treatment with hypotensive drugs.
IG‐G, IG‐A AND IG‐M GRANULOCYTE‐REACTIVE ANTINUCLEAR FACTORS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Elling P. , Graudal H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Sera from 84 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated for Ig, Ig‐G, Ig‐A, Ig‐M ANF reactive with nuclei of polymorphonuclear granulocytes, using a two‐ and three‐layer immunofluorescent antibody technique.

Granulocyte‐reactive ANF were found in 2/3 of the sera. Of the 56 positive sera, 60% contained Ig‐G ANF, 62% Ig‐A and 67% Ig‐M ANF. Sera containing granulocyte‐reactive ANF exclusively of high molecular weight (Ig‐A and Ig‐M) constitute 39% of the positive sera.

Granulocyte‐reactive ANF were found significantly more frequently in sera from patients 61 years old or older, owing to an increase of Ig‐G ANF. No sex difference was demonstrated. There was no statistically significant relationship between gran.‐react. ANF of the three human immunoglobulin classes and such clinical parameters as ESR, functional capacity or concentration of haemoglobin.

A strict correlation between granulocyte‐reactive ANF and the presence of nodules was found, all patients with nodules showing a positive ANF reaction.

Half the 56 positive sera reacted exclusively with nuclei of polymorphonuclear granulocytes, while the other half also reacted with other human nuclei. With advancing disease increasing non‐specificity of ANF occurred and a significantly higher proportion of sera from patients with long‐lasting disease also contained ANF reactive with other human nuclei. This increase in nuclear reactivity was accompanied by a change in the immunoglobulin pattern of granulocyte‐reactive ANF, the Ig‐G ANF being found significantly more frequently in sera from patients with disease of short duration, while Ig‐G ANF were present in a significantly higher proportion of sera from patients with more long‐lasting disease.
SELF‐INDUCED PROTEIN‐CALORIE MALNUTRITION IN A HEALTHY ADULT MALE
Authors: Jagenburg R. , Svanborg A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Clinical examination and analyses of a number of blood constituents including proteins, individual free amino acids, and lipids were performed in a 34‐year‐old athletic male, who first had been on a calorie‐deficient diet for seven months and then on a diet which was extremely low in proteins and lipids for 143 days.

The concentrations of the different blood constituents were essentially normal, despite a marked weight reduction and other signs of advanced protein depletion. His physical capacity was obviously reduced, but he recovered very soon after the institution of an ordinary vegetarian diet.

The observations indicate that a calorie‐ and protein‐deficient diet which is poor in sodium can be tolerated remarkably well by a healthy individual with extensive protein depots in the form of muscle tissue.
THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF OLD NORWEGIAN MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: Benestad A. M. , Halvorsrud J. , Andersen K. Lange
Published: August 2010

Abstract This study aimed at establishing the maximal level of aerobic power in old Norwegian people. Twenty men and ten women above the age of seventy were physically tested.

Two thirds of all the subjects had ECG changes at rest and/or during exercise, but none of them had to stop the testing procedure.

Compared to young people the old subjects had a maximal oxygen uptake which was reduced by 50%. Maximal heart rate as well as maximal oxygen pulse were considerably decreased, indicating a reduced cardiac output. This gives reason to suggest that the old heart has an impaired functional performance.

The respiratory efficiency is also decreased, as indicated by the high ventilation equivalent.

Although the subjects investigated do not represent a true random sample the result suggests that Norwegian people above seventy years of age possess an aerobic power or physical fitness which is only half of that at the age of 20–30 years.
BLOOD FLOW AND UPTAKE OF OXYGEN AND SUBSTRATES IN FOREARM MUSCLE AND SUBCUTANEOUS FAT TISSUE IN MAN
Authors: Häggendal Egil , Kerstell Jüri , Steen Bertil , Svanborg Alvar
Published: August 2010

Abstract Blood flow and arteriovenous differences in oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, glycerol, acetoacetate, and β‐hydroxybutyrate were measured in forearm muscle tissue before, during and after insulin infusion, in healthy and diabetic subjects. The same metabolic data were collected for forearm subcutaneous fat tissue.

Significant correlations were obtained between the flow and the oxygen uptake in the two tissues both before and after insulin. On the other hand there were no correlations between the flow and the uptake of any single substrate or the total net uptake of the substrates. Concerning the arterial levels of the substrates there was a significant correlation between that of free fatty acids in the diabetics and the muscle blood flow.
THE CAUSE OF ARTERIAL HYPOXEMIA IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Storstein O. , Rasmussen K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The mechanism of arterial hypoxemia, commonly found in patients with acute myocardial infarction, has been studied in 24 patients with polarographic determination of arterial pO2 before and after ten minutes of pure oxygen breathing.

Most of the patients have a reduction in arterial pO2 on air breathing and do not attain normal values for pO2 on oxygen breathing. Patients in shock or with pulmonary congestion show more severely reduced values of pO2 both on air breathing and on oxygen breathing. Calculation of the so‐called physiological shunt on air breathing and the so‐called anatomical shunt on oxygen breathing demonstrates that most of the reduction in arterial pO2 is due to disturbance of the ventilationperfusion relationships in the lungs, but a considerable amount of the reduction in pO2 is caused by shunting of pulmonary arterial blood through non‐ventilated parts of the lungs.
GASTRIC HISTOLOGY AND AUTOANTIBODIES IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: Rødbro Paul , Faber Viggo , Dige‐Petersen Harriet , Howitz Jette
Published: August 2010

Abstract The gastric histology and occurrence of anti‐nuclear factors and circulating autoantibodies against intrinsic factor, parietal cell and thyroid cell cytoplasm and mitochondria were studied in 28 patients with Addisonian pernicious anemia in remission. The data were analysed with respect to relations between gastric histology, autoantibodies in serum, age and sex of patients, and duration of pernicious anemia.

Intrinsic factor antibody was not found in patients with gastric atrophy, who had a slightly higher mean age than was found in the patients with atrophic gastritis.

Parietal cell antibody was found in all patients below 60 years of age, but apart from these findings no clear‐cut relations could be derived from the data.

The significance of the gastric autoantibodies is discussed. It is concluded that intrinsic factor antibody secreted into gastric juice may neutralise intrinsic factor, and that the production of this antibody may be the crucial factor in the evolution of overt pernicious anemia. So far no direct evidence has been produced to show that the gastric autoantibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of the gastric lesion.
REVERSIBLE RETINAL DETACHMENT IN RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Steiness Ib
Published: August 2010

Abstract Reversible retinal detachment was observed in five patients with renal failure and hypertension. Two of the patients had undergone renal transplantation, the others suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis. It is concluded that hypertension was the primary cause of the detachment, while fluid retention and uraemic intoxication were, presumably, contributory factors.
ON THE CONTENT OF MYOGLOBIN IN HUMAN MUSCLES
Authors: Åkeson Åke , Biörck Gunnar , Simon Rosemarie
Published: August 2010

Abstract A quantitative method of determining the content of myoglobin and hemoglobin in human muscle is described.

A piece of muscle, 1–4 g, is ground with dry ice, homogenized and extracted with 0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. After being centrifuged at 15,000 × g, the solution is concentrated by dialysis against 25% polyethylene glycol solution. The hemoproteins are separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G 75, identified by the absorption spectra of their carbon monoxide compounds and quantitatively determined by the pyridine hemochrome method.

The content of hemoprotein is calculated as per cent of dry weight, the latter being determined on the original homogenate.

In an autopsy material, mainly consisting of patients in upper age‐groups with chronic disease and modest physical activity, average values of 0.9 g myoglobin per 100 g dry muscle were found in hearts (left ventricle), whereas corresponding values for diaphragm, abdominal muscle and muscles of the thigh were 1.1, 1.6 and 2.2 g per 100 g dry muscle. It is assumed that values in healthy adults may well be somewhat higher. From these values it is calculated that the total amount of myoglobin in an adult male is in the range of 120–150 g, corresponding to an iron pool of 0.37‐0.47 g or approximately 7/5 of the amount of hemoglobin iron.

Comparisons with determinations arrived at by other methods are made, and some aspects of the physiology of myoglobin and other hematin compounds are discussed.

The insoluble or “residual” hematin has been determined. It could be shown that the major part of this hematin can be accounted for by the mitochondrial hemoproteins, the remaining part in all probability deriving from hemoglobin.
EFFECT OF MOVEMENT AND EXTERNAL PRESSURE ON THE VASCULAR TONE OF THE FINGERS
Authors: Heyman Folke , Ahlberg Nils‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract 1. Finger plethysmograms were recorded during passive and active movements and pressure in vola manus and planta pedis, and on the muscles of the upper and lower leg. 2. They showed a rapidly occurring and passing volume change of the digit. 3. Some movements were characterized by an initial increase in volume, some by a decrease. On ceasing the movement or releasing the pressure there was a recoil to the opposite reaction. 4. Spontaneous variations of the responses were observed and different fingers sometimes reacted differently. 5. The reaction was also obtained peripheral to an obstruction of the circulation. 6. It is proposed that the observed effects are due to vasomotor reflexes produced by the stimulation of stretch receptors in the locomotion system.
PROGNOSIS FOR JUVENILE DIABETICS WITH LATE DIABETIC MANIFESTATIONS1
Authors: Deckert Torsten , Poulsen Jacob E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Prognostic studies were made on a series of 101 juvenile diabetics (onset before the age of 30 years) who developed late diabetic manifestations in the form of retinopathy and/or proteinuria between 1944 and 1958 and in whom the beginning of these manifestations could be dated with reasonable accuracy. Retinopathy developed after the diabetes had been present for 11–20 years, average 16.9 years, the nephropathy as a rule some years later. The patients were followed for an average of 9.5 years after the first complication had been diagnosed. About half the patients developed persisting proteinuria during the follow‐up period. Of this group 63% died, 83% developed uraemia, and 58% severe retinopathy, as a rule accompanied by permanent visual impairment. The other half did not develop persisting proteinuria in spite of a longer duration of diabetes. Only 2% of this group died, 6% developed uraemia and 25% severe retinopathy. Factors of prognostic importance appear to be: 1. Appearance of proteinuria before or within five years after the diagnosis of retinopathy; 2. Occurrence of persisting proteinuria; 3. Proteinuria exceeding 0.2%; 4. Occurrence of retinopathy and/or nephropathy before the diabetes has been present for 15 years; 5. Repeated episodes of diabetic coma; 6. Onset of diabetes between the ages of 10 and 20 years.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND HEMOCONCENTRATION
Authors: Nielsen Ingolf , Møller Inge
Published: August 2010

Abstract The relationship between renin activity and hemoconcentration determined by colloid osmotic pressure has been studied during changes in posture and acute studies on subjects given a diuretic.

1. Renin activity increased, on an average, three times from supine to standing position. There is no difference between the values after 20 and 40 minutes of standing and the values obtained after 4–5 hours of quiet walking. The increase takes place between the 10th and 20th minute after standing position has been assumed. 2. COP increase precedes the increase in renin activity. In the first five minutes 60% of the maximum increase has been attained. A plateau is reached after 20 minutes of standing. 3. A close, linear relationship between Δ COP and Δ renin activity is demonstrated.

Two possibilities of a causal relationship arise: (a) renin activity increase is a function of blood volume loss, in these conditions concomitant with hemoconcentration; (b) renin activity is a function of hemoconcentration, in these experiments expressed by COP.

As post‐hemorrhage blood volume loss does not stimulate an increase in renin activity, the second possibility is favoured.

An influence of postural pooling on the rise in renin activity can be ruled out, as a rise of the same order in COP and in plasma renin activity are found in the furosemide studies, where no pooling occurs.
ANEURYSM OF THE HEART AND THE POST‐MYOCARDIAL‐INFARCTION SYNDROME
Authors: Ravnskov Uffe
Published: August 2010

Abstract Two fatal cases of the post‐myocardial‐infarction syndrome are described. Autopsy revealed an aneurysm of the heart in both cases. Almost all fatal cases of PMIS in the literature have had aneurysm of the heart, to which no attention has previously been paid. The significance of this discovery is discussed.
DEPRESSION OF ISOPRENALINE‐INDUCED IDIOVENTRICULAR RHYTHM IN MAN BY BETA‐ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENTS
Authors: Michaeli Ernst , Rosén Anders
Published: August 2010

AbstractA method for studying drug effects on cardiac automaticity in man is presented.

During the treatment for Stokes‐Adams disease emergency resuscitation from ventricular standstill can be effected by the arousal of intrinsic ventricular pacemakers. Isoprenaline seems to be a useful drug to produce idioventricular rhythm, but as shown in the present investigation its effect varies widely from patient to patient.

The isoprenaline‐induced increase in the ventricular automaticity was depressed by the beta‐receptor blocking compounds propranolol and INPEA. The compounds seemed to block this effect of isoprenaline more easily than the effect of isoprenaline on the sino‐atrial rate. The observations indicate that adrenergic beta‐receptors are significantly involved in the control of cardiac automaticity in man.

The observed effects of the beta‐receptor blocking drugs have an important clinical implication. In patients treated with the drugs the efficiency of beta‐mimetic substances in emergency resuscitation from ventricular standstill may be critically reduced.
MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW, MEASURED BY XENON133AND VASCULAR CALCIFICATIONS IN DIABETICS
Authors: Christensen Niels Juel
Published: August 2010

AbstractA study of blood flow in the anterior tibial muscle was performed in a series of 75 young and middle‐aged diabetics. Only three of the patients had symptoms and signs of peripheral vascular insufficiency in the legs.

Peak muscular flow after maximal work during ischaemia was reduced in the diabetic patients and decreased with increasing duration of diabetes.

Medial calcification of the arteries was common, and it was possible to demonstrate that the decrease in maximal blood flow with increasing duration of diabetes was associated with the presence of arterial calcification.

The latency of peak flow was reduced in the diabetics, as has been previously observed by other authors.
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE COURSE OF VIRAL HEPATITIS AND IN CHOLESTATIC AND OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
Authors: Wollheim Frank A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Immunoglobulins G, A and M were determined during the course of disease in 19 cases of sporadic infectious hepatitis, eight cases of epidemic infectious hepatitis, 11 cases of serum hepatitis, five cases of cholestatic jaundice, and 15 cases of obstructive jaundice. A marked increase was found initially in both infectious hepatitis groups (367% ± 160 and 376% ± 145, respectively), which fell precipitously during the first weeks of illness. Significantly lower γM levels were found in the serum hepatitis group (210% ± 82), and five of the cases showed normal immunoglobulin levels.

γG levels rose to a lesser extent (158% ± 54 and 142% ± 36) in the infectious hepatitis patients but tended to remain elevated longer. There was no significant difference between infectious hepatitis and serum hepatitis (131% ± 37). Small but significant increases in γA levels were observed in infectious hepatitis.

Slight or no changes occurred in γD levels in three cases of infectious hepatitis and two cases of serum hepatitis. No alterations of immunoglobulin levels were observed in connection with the onset of cholestatic or obstructive jaundice, indicating that liver damage per se does not give rise to the changes observed in viral hepatitis.

A close correlation was observed in this material of previously healthy individuals between thymol turbidity and γM (r=0.76).
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF βADRENERGIC BLOCKADE IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE HEART BLOCK AND IMPLANTED PACEMAKER
Authors: Lund‐Larsen P. G. , Sivertssen E. , Lorentsen E. , Bay G. , Hansteen V.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The hemodynamic effect of 5 mg propranolol intravenously was studied during permanent endocardial pacing in nine patients with complete atrioventricular heart block. The heart rate was constant at a preset pacemaker frequency. After the injection of propranolol the cardiac output was reduced in all patients and a fall in maximal arterial dp/dt was found. Atrial retardation occurred in all patients. The atrial contractility, as judged from the maximal atrial systolic pressure, was not reduced. It is concluded that the reduction of cardiac performance after propranolol in patients with constant ventricular rate is a result only of the negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium.
OPEN CORRECTION OF FALLOT'S ANOMALY IN THREE PATIENTS OVER FORTY YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Bjernulf A. , Cullhed I.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The three most elderly cases are presented in a consecutive series of 56 patients with the anomaly of Fallot totally corrected during the period 1959–1966. The three patients, 43, 55 and 56 years of age at operation, all survived. All the patients were studied by pre‐ and post‐operative heart catheterization and angiography.
EFFECTS OF GLUCOSE INFUSIONS ON ADIPOSE TISSUE LIPOGENESIS IN MAN
Authors: Björntorp Per , Scherstén Tore , Gottfries Arvid
Published: August 2010

Abstract Incorporation of label from glucose‐1‐14C with different concentrations of non‐labelled glucose, and acetate‐U‐14C, with or without added non‐labelled glucose, into carbon dioxide, fatty acids and glyceride‐glycerol was measured in human subcutaneous adipose tissue taken from patients with clinically “well‐controlled” juvenile diabetes mellitus or from controls. The effects of infusion of glucose in the controls and glucose plus insulin in the diabetic patients on the day preceding adipose tissue biopsy, and of the addition of insulin or citrate in vitro, were investigated. In normals glucose infusions before biopsy caused an increase in in vitro response to insulin of carbon dioxide formation from labelled glucose and an increased incorporation of label from acetate (with 10 mM glucose) into carbon dioxide and fatty acids. In diabetic patients such an increase of label in carbon dioxide and fatty acids was found with labelled glucose (1 mM), and the resulting values were as high as those of the normals who had not received glucose before sampling, but they did not reach the values found in normals who had been given glucose. A similar remaining deficiency after glucose infusion was found in the diabetic tissues in incorporations of labelled acetate (with 10 mM glucose), the values being as high as those of normals without preceding glucose infusions but lower than those of glucose‐treated normals. The variability of insulin response of human adipose tissue in different metabolic situations may indicate that adipose tissue glucose uptake contributes to determining glucose tolerance in man. Furthermore, adipose tissue in man may be an important site for glucose lipogenesis during abundance of glucose while in other metabolic situations the liver may well be of relatively greater importance for lipogenesis.
NON‐HYPERTENSIVE ANGIOPATHY
Authors: Pasternack A. , Tallqvist G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The thickness of the wall of the small arteries and arterioles has been measured microscopically from renal biopsies of 36 normotensive patients forming three groups: 1) 12 patients with lipoid nephrosis or glomerulonephritis with the nephrotic syndrome; 2) 11 patients with glomerulonephritis without the nephrotic syndrome; and 3) 13 patients with various unrelated diseases. Groups 2 and 3 served as controls. The patients with nephrosis showed thickening of the renal vessels. The difference from both control groups was statistically significant. The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system operating in secondary hyperatdosteronism is thought to be the cause of the vascular changes.
RIGHT ATRIAL MYXOMA
Authors: Hansen Jørgen Fischer , Lyngborg Kjeld , Andersen Mogens , Wennevold Alf
Published: August 2010

Abstract A review of the symptomatology of right atrial myxoma is given, based on 33 cases from the literature and on two cases studied by us.

This diagnosis should be considered in any patient with isolated right heart failure without pulmonary congestion, pulmonary disease, or pulmonary stenosis.

A tricuspid murmur, intermittent cardiac or cerebral symptoms or radiographic demonstration of non‐valvular intracardiac calcifications should increase the suspicion.

Selective right atrial angiocardiography is the diagnostic method of choice. The diagnosis cannot be excluded without this examination, which always should be performed in any patient with isolated tricuspid valvular disease.
THERAPY OF MACROGLOBULINAEMIA
Authors: Pronk Elisabeth A. S. , Klein F. , Elkerbout F. , Radema H. , Cleton F. J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The effects of treatment with alkylating agents and prednisone on the paraprotein level, the serum viscosity and the clinical symptoms have been studied in four cases of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and in one case of IgA myeloma. Although the treatment occasionally had some effect, no correlation was observed between the paraprotein level and the clinical condition in the four macroglobulinaemia cases. In the myeloma case there was some correlation, although osteolytic foci appeared at a time when the production of paraprotein was considerably suppressed. It appears that neither the paraprotein level nor the serum viscosity can be used with certainty as an indicator of the activity of the pathological process. It is suggested that the paraprotein may not always be the principal cause of the symptoms of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY CONCERNING THE STABILITY OF THE ANTICOAGULANT EFFECT OF ACENOCOUMAROL AND PHENPROCOUMON
Authors: Breed W. P. M. , van Hooff J. P. , Haanen C.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Two comparable groups, each of which comprised 41 patients, were treated with long‐acting phenprocoumon and short‐acting acenocoumarol, respectively, for six months. When phenprocoumon was used, a significantly more stable anticoagulant effect was seen. This was reflected by a greater percentage of thrombotest values within the intended therapeutic zone ranging from 5 to 10% thrombotest activity, inclusive. Moreover, there was a difference in the facility with which patients could be kept in the therapeutic range: the number of alterations that had to be made in maintenance dose and control interval was less with phenprocoumon than with acenocoumarol.
EVALUATION OF FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY SMEARS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER IRON OVERLOAD
Authors: Lundin Per , Lundquist Alf , Lundvall Ove
Published: August 2010

Abstract Estimate of stainable iron in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy smears has been evaluated in relation to histological estimate of stainable iron in needle biopsy sections and in relation to liver iron in needle biopsy specimens analysed chemically. Histochemical iron was arbitrarily graded 0–4. The histochemical grading in sections agreed well with that in smears, but there was a high degree of overlapping between the chemical iron values in the different gradings. However, it can be concluded that the smear method is valuable as a simple screening test in the diagnosis of liver iron overload; grade 4 in most cases indicates definitely increased liver iron concentration.
STUDIES ON FATTY ACID METABOLISM IN DIABETICS DURING EXERCISE
Authors: Carlström Sven
Published: August 2010

Abstract Male, newly diagnosed diabetics of the juvenile type have been examined with a short exercise test on a bicycle ergometer and the plasma concentration of glycerol was followed. As earlier shown, the exercise induced a greater lipid mobilization in the diabetics in comparison with control subjects studied earlier.

The exercise test was then repeated after a period of adequate insulin therapy. At the second examination the diabetics showed a clear tendency to normalization of the plasma glycerol curve, indicating that insulin therapy will decrease the abnormally high exercise‐induced lipid mobilization in diabetes mellitus.
PLASMA VOLUME, COLLOID‐OSMOTIC PRESSURE AND GAMMA GLOBULIN IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Bjørneboe M. , Jensen K. Birger
Published: August 2010

AbstractSerum protein concentration, colloid‐osmotic pressure and plasma volume have been determined in fourteen patients suffering from multiple myeloma. A positive correlation was found between gamma globulin and plasma volume (r= 0.74;p< 0.0005). The colloid‐osmotic pressure was found to be relatively high, eight out of 20 recordings ranging above 46 cm of water. It is claimed that the relationship between gamma globulin and plasma volume depends on the plasma‐expanding effect of gamma globulin. Parallels are drawn to experimental hyperglobulinaemia.
THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE ON ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Hoel Björn L. , Refsum Harald E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The arterial blood gas state was examined before and after an intramuscular injection of 1 cg morphine chloride in ten patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Before morphine the CO2 tension was normal, whereas the O2 tension was definitely, but moderately, reduced. After morphine there was a slight tendency to an increase in the CO2 tension, associated with an even smaller further decrease in the O2 tension. Two patients with clinical signs of moderate pulmonary congestion showed the greatest blood gas disturbances, both before and after morphine. The data gave no evidence that morphine caused further impairment of tissue oxygenation.
PQ‐INTERVAL DEPENDING ON POSTURE
Authors: Andersen Mogens
Published: August 2010

Abstract Three healthy persons with prolonged PQ duration in supine position are presented. The PQ is normal in standing position. From these cases and from the literature it is concluded that a prolonged PQ‐interval in itself is no indication of heart disease and that in such cases a standing ECG should always be taken.
SERUM B12 AND SERUM IRON AFTER GASTRIC SURGERY
Authors: Schrumpf A. , Gjertsen K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Immediately after Billroth II one‐third of patients have lost intrinsic factor, most of them permanently. As time goes on there is a steadily rising incidence, 45% lacking intrinsic factor after 18 months. Impaired absorption of labeled vitamin B12 is more frequent after surgery for stomach cancer than in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer. Loss of intrinsic factor is less pronounced in duodenal than in gastric ulcer.

The pattern of serum iron levels gradually becomes similar to that of pernicious anemia after surgery. All patients operated on should be kept under medical observation, so that vitamin B12 and iron can be supplemented at the most favorable time.
DEATHS FROM ASTHMA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LAST DRUG TREATMENT
Authors: Iisalo E. I. , Iisalo E. U. M. , Tala E. J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Fifty‐four patients who died from asthma in hospital in 1956–1967 were analysed retrogressively, with special reference to the drug therapy immediately before death.

Clinically sudden and unexpected death was as common as death which was attributed to asphyxia, but at autopsy (45 patients) mucous bronchial obstruction was established in 37 cases.

During the last 24 hours of life, 51 of the patients were given sympathomimetics, 31 of them several sympathomimetics concomitantly and 21 in nebulised form. One of the patients died during an adrenaline injection, and one made liberal use of the orciprenaline aerosol she had brought with her to hospital.

The xanthine derivative (glyphylline) was given during the last 24 hours to 50 patients. The glyphylline dose was over 3 g/24 hours in eight cases. The death of seven of them was regarded as clinically sudden and unexpected; at least one patient had manifest symptoms of central nervous system stimulation prior to death. Equally large glyphylline doses, however, were given to the control patients in status asthmaticus who survived.

Polypharmacy seems to have been a probable iatrogenic factor influencing the mechanism of death in at least four patients of the total material. Corticosteroids were not administered to four patients who had been managed for the last month prior to hospitalisation with corticosteroids. Other iatrogenic factors influencing the mechanism of death seemed to be technical complications of respirator treatment in two cases and the possibility that respirator therapy was delayed.
REITER'S SYNDROME: A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY
Authors: Sairanen Eero , Paronen Ilmari , Mähönen Heikki
Published: August 2010

Abstract. During the last war there was an epidemic of dysentery in Finland, on the Karelian Isthmus. Out of a total of about 150,000 cases, Reiter's syndrome developed in 350 (0.2%). A follow‐up study of 100 of these cases was made about twenty years later. The most frequent late changes were rheumatoid spondylitis (32%), chronic arthritis (18%), and iritis (7%). Occasional arthralgia without objective symptoms was also common.

After termination of the first stage, 20 patients (20%) had become entirely asymptomatic. The disease resulted in permanent disability in 42 cases (42%). The importance of prostatitis, as a focus of infection in this disease, seems open to doubt. The control study was based on 100 men; examination of the prostate and roentgenography of the sacro‐iliac joints and lumbar spine were performed.
WALDENSTRÖM'S MACROGLOBULINAEMIA
Authors: Strunge Poul
Published: August 2010

Abstract.A case of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (W. M.) diagnosed by immunoelectrophoresis is reported. Through 11 years the patient had been suffering from a gradually increasing pulmonary infiltration which for the past year or two had been accompanied by severe pleural effusion. There were no other manifestations to indicate W. M. until the terminal stage when violent rectal haemorrhage occurred. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination which revealed infiltration by plasmo‐lymphocytoid cells in the lung and pleura and also, but in a minor degree, in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and lymph nodes. Other reported cases of W. M. accompanied by pleuropulmonary affection are reviewed.
EFFECT OF FIVE YEARS‘ AGEING ON VENTILATORY CAPACITY AND PHYSICAL WORK CAPACITY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Ericsson Per , Irnell Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effect of five years' ageing on the ventilatory capacity and physical work capacity is studied on a sample of apparently healthy individuals of ages 57–71 years, representative of the population. The physiological functional regression for maximal expiratory volume per 1.0 second and maximal voluntary ventilatory capacity was about 6–9% for both sexes, and for physical work capacity somewhat greater, viz. 9–13% for the men and about 10–25% for the women. This finding is assumed to be due to the fact that the regression in physiological function takes place more rapidly for the circulatory than for the respiratory system. In this series a correlation, which has not been reported previously, was found between work load at a given pulse rate and age.