bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIDDLE EAST POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: IN SEARCH OF THE EFFECTIVE STRATEG
Authors:   Institute of Europe, RAS, Shumilin Alexander
Published: May 2024

The article examines the main directions of the Middle East policy of the European Union, which has intensified in recent years on the basis of the concept of «strategic autonomy». This concept itself is generated by the disappointment of European elites in the approaches of the United States both to the security problems of the Old World and to a number of crisis situations in the Middle East. The differences between Washington and Brussels were especially clear during the presidency of Republican Donald Trump (2016–2020), but they did not disappear under the administration of Democrat Joe Biden, which did not live up to the hopes of a number of European politicians for «restoring American leadership in the world». The need for Europeans to increasingly rely on their own strengths and resources is determined today not only by the situation around Ukraine, but also by Israel’s military actions against Hamas extremists in the Gaza Strip, direct clashes between Israel and Iran, and the intensification of pro-Iranian groups in a number of countries in the Middle East. The author believes that the EU’s attempts to develop an adequate strategy to neutralize threats from the Middle East region, as well as to promote its interests there, have not brought results. Questions remain regarding the achievability of this goal in principle.
THE DEFENCE POLICY OF DENMARK AFTER THE 2022 REFERENDUM
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belukhin Nikita
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the impact of the special relationship with the US on the three aspects of Danish foreign policy: the approach to the EU strategic autonomy, regional defence policy priorities, and Denmark’s readiness to escalate relations with Russia. Using the method of qualitative content analysis of Danish foreign policy strategies, Copenhagen’s current views on the alliance relations with the US are assessed, especially within the framework of Denmark’s turn towards «pragmatic idealism» in foreign policy, which Denmark announced in May 2023, and scrapping the EU defence opt-out following the outcome of the June 2022 referendum. The analysis has shown that maintaining the status of an «exemplary» or «model» ally leads both to contradictions and ignoring traditional mores within the Danish political system and the skewed priorities in financing military and non-military instruments of the Danish foreign policy. Moreover, even in Denmark’s military support of Ukraine, there is a gap between the symbolic value and practical effect of the measures taken by the Danish side. It is concluded that greater involvement in building the EU’s strategic autonomy will reduce Denmark’s interest in further escalation of the conflict in Ukraine and its readiness for rhetorical and practical confrontation with Russia. At the same time, based on open sources, the U.S. is not exerting significant pressure on Copenhagen in connection with select gaps in compliance with the sanction regime. In case D. Trump is elected as the US president in the 2024 elections, Denmark, as one of the most pro-Atlantic EU member states, will probably face the acute task of linking the course of strategic autonomy with a broader vision of the future of transatlantic relations, as well as overcoming the dilemma between the concentration of defence capablities either in the Baltic Sea or in the North Atlantic and Arctic area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
A model and method for enhancing the efficiency of processing operation queues atmaximum server equipment load
Authors: Surkov Sergii S. , Martynyuk Oleksandr M. , Drozd Oleksandr V. , Drozd Myroslav O.
Published: May 2024

Existing solutions aimed at preventing excessive parallelization, reducing processingtimes, and forecasting load accuracy in operation queues were analyzed.Subsequently, a new model and method designed to enhance the efficiency of processing operation queues, particularly when operating at maximum server equipment load, were evaluated against traditional methods.These methods, including sequential execution, maximal, and constrained parallelism, were assessed.The new method uses two strategies: ‘first-in, first-out’, useful because parallelism does not guarantee sequential order of results, and maximizing equipment utilization for optimalperformance.Utilizing the new adaptive monitoring model based on linear regression, the new method achieves operation execution times comparable to sequential execution and total execution times similar to those achieved with constrained parallelism. Constrained parallelism, although it reduces resource conflicts compared to maximal parallelism, still increases the processing time of each operation, emphasizing the importance of balancing the number of parallel operations with the available system resources.We estimated the complexity of the new model using asymptotic complexity and analyzed it with multi-server queueing models under conditions of both limited and unlimited parallelism. Two series of experiments were carried out for the comparative analysis of a new method for managing loads in operation queues versus traditional approaches.Additionally, the potential for resource flexibility in load management within digital infrastructures is highlighted.
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF A NEW CUBIC С96 PHASE AS CARBON KFI ZEOLITE WITH sp3/sp2 HYBRIDIZATION
Authors: Maloshtan S.M. , Pokropivny A.V. , Smolyar A.S. , Kuts V.O. , Barcholenko V.O. , Titenko A.M.
Published: May 2024

The structure of cubic graphite is reinvestigated based on a new electron diffraction experiment and ab initio calculations of carbon zeolites from an available structure database. Carbon micro crystalsassociated with the "cubic graphite" phase were synthesized using the fluid synthesis method at a pressure of up to 200 MPa and a temperature of 500-700 ºС from carbon black as a precursor. According to the results of experiments, methods of experimental electron and X-ray diffractions, as well as ab initio calculations, it is proved that the carbon phase is cubic with lattice parameters ~0.895 nm and space group Im-3m. The crystal structure is proposed as a carbon zeolite with a KFI topology consisting of 96 carbon atoms per unit cell with sp3 hybridization and sp3/sp2 bond types. The hybrid structure is more stable by 0.22 eV per atom. New phase has a density of 2.67 g/cm3 and a high hardness up to 10 GPa.
PETROLOGY OF GABBROIDS OF GIRARD BAY (KYIV PENINSULA, GRAHAM COAST OF THE WEST ANTARCTICA)
Authors: Mytrokhyn O.V. , Chertova D.S. , Bakhmutov V.G.
Published: May 2024

Several new gabbroid intrusions were discovered in the process of geological surveying in the area of the Ukrainian research station in the West Antarctica. One of them is located in the hard-to-reach Girard Bay on the western coast of the Kyiv Peninsula. The authors investigated the mode of occurrence, petrography and mineral chemistry of Girard Bay gabbroids in order to clarify their geological position and petrogenetic conditions of their formation. It was found that the newly discovered gabbroids make up a stock-like intrusive body with a horizontal dimension of more than 3 km. Gabbroids unconformably intrude the Kyiv Peninsula volcanic formation. The apical part of this gabbroid intrusion is exposed fragmentarily on the southern coast of Girard Bay. The petrographic diversity of the studied gabbroids depends on the heterogeneous manifestation of local low-temperature hydrothermal transformations (amphibolization, prenitization and silicification). In addition, the presence of hidden magmatic layering, which is characteristic of other gabbroid intrusions of the region, is assumed. The main petrographic representatives are gabbronorites and amphibolized gabbros, among which mesocratic and leucocratic varieties have been identified. The gabbronorites exposed on the southern coast of Girard Bay represent one of the lowest degrees of the post-magmatic transformation. Mineralogical and petrographic features point to hypabyssal depths of their formation. The chemistry of pyroxenes and plagioclases indicates the most high-temperature conditions of crystallization in comparison with other representatives of gabbroids both on the Kyiv Peninsula and on the neighboring Wilhelm Archipelago. The geological age of Girard Bay gabbroids is preliminarily defined as post-Jurassic and requires further clarification using the isotopic geochronology methods. Given the possible post-magmatic re-equilibration of primary mineral paragenesis, zircon is recommended as a chronometer mineral.
Стратегічне планування правотворчої діяльності як чинник повоєнного відновлення України
Authors: Пархоменко Наталія Миколаївна
Published: May 2024

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Stay Up to Date With Midyear Code Changes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: May 2024

This article reviews scheduled midyear coding changes to the following code sets: Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) immunization code updatesOther CPT code implementation updatesHealthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) updatesInternational Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) updates
Hegel’s Notion of Entäußerung as Active Justice
Authors: Bubbio Paolo Diego
Published: May 2024

This article investigates the connection between Hegel’s notion of kenosis and his account of justice, exploring the relevance of this connection in assessing Hegel’s political theology and its lasting influence. The inquiry approaches the kenotic aspect of Hegel’s thought by focusing on the notion of Entäußerung as externalisation, aiming to highlight its active aspect. The article argues that within the dialectical mediation between interiorisation and externalisation, Hegel’s conception of justice is functionally structured as a form of Entäußerung. It surveys some of the most notable responses offered in recent decades to the question whether Hegel can contribute to the dismantling of inequality and the affirmation of justice. Subsequently, it argues that an interpretation of justice that takes into consideration the dual movement of interiorisation and externalisation enables the recollection and transformation of memories of struggles in the pursuit of justice. Lastly, the article explores the advantages that interpreting justice as Entäußerung offers in terms of social change and progress compared to alternative perspectives, and suggests that such an interpretation can provide a meaningful contribution to a new political theology of the oppressed.
The impact of metals and other stress factors on microbial ammonia oxidation physiology and isotope effects
Authors:   ,   Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Martocello Donald E., III ,   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Published: May 2024

Microbially-mediated cycling processes play central roles in regulating the speciation and availability of nitrogen, a vital nutrient with wide implications for agriculture, water quality, ecosystem health, and climate change. Ammonia (NH3) oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is carried out by bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). Despite more than a century of research into the physiology of AOB, and only more recently AOA, fundamental questions remain about the ammonia oxidation reaction mechanism and relevant stress factors that regulate environmental rates. Ammonia oxidizing organisms (AOO) require the trace metal micronutrients copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) for growth and metabolic catalysis. Ammonia oxidation is directly affected by pH in regulating the relative availability of ammonium (NH4+) and NH3. Also, photoinhibition of AOO is widely reported. The mechanism is unknown, although links to reactive oxygen species (ROS) cycling seem likely. We present detailed investigations of three environmentally relevant AOO stress factors: metal micronutrient limitation, pH changes, and ROS. Central to these studies were analyses of stable isotope fractionation and how changes in AOO physiology impact expression of these isotope effects. In turn, these tools facilitate probing of the ammonia oxidation reaction mechanism and we propose an initial obligatory coordinated NH4+-NH3 uptake step based on isotope mass balance. In addition, we studied nitrification and related environmental chemistry in the Northern Guaymas hydrothermal vent basin in the Gulf of California. This region hosts a unique juxtaposition of hydrothermal vent emissions enriched in NH4+ underlying an extensive regional oxygen deficient zone (ODZ). Most environmental studies of nitrification have focused on the mesopelagic (high oxygen, comparably warmer temperatures, low NH4+, and low metal micronutrient availability). The Northern Guaymas Basin is functionally the opposite. We suggest ultimate limitation by temperature and, surprisingly, potential proximal limitation by NH4+, Fe, and Cu. In total, this work emphasizes the recently recognized role of Fe and Cu in environmental limitation of nitrification, challenges key axioms of AOO cell culturing and physiology, and proposes revisions to canonical ammonia oxidation reaction mechanisms.
Inorganic nanocarriers based on calcium carbonate and silica oxide for passive breast cancer targeting
Authors: Postovalova Alisa S. , Tishchenko Yulia A. , Rusakova Vladislava A. , Karpov Timofey E. , Gavrilova Nina V. , Rogova Anna S. , Gorbunova Irina A. , Timin Alexander S.
Published: May 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used platforms for delivery of various biologically active compounds. Unfortunately, there is a lack of comprehensive investigations that would include a few types of NPs with different physicochemical parameters and their potential use as delivery systems in one tumor model. Therefore, to achieve therapeutic effect via nanocarrier with therapeutic agent, the properties of the developed NPs must be clearly defined. Herein, we report the development and modification of 99mTc and Cy5-labeled NPs based on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and silica oxide (SiO2) to investigate in vitro and in vivo distribution on an example of a breast cancer model. We describe the synthesis and characterization of these NPs, including their morphology, size distribution, stability in biological media and cytotoxicity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), direct radiometry analysis, and histology were used to collect all data. The cellular uptake of NPs on 4T1 cell linewas shown in vitro and in vivo. As a result, we demonstrated that these NPs are non-toxic, biocompatible, and stable system to use for delivery of bioactive compounds into breast cancer.
Surnames as a Reflection of Interethnic Contacts within a Multinational Country. Review of the book: Jačeva-Ulčar, E. (2022). Prezimeto kaj Makedoncite [Surnames of the Macedonians]. Skopje: Menora. 188 p.
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Chivarzina Alexandra I.
Published: May 2024

In 2022, lexicologist Elka Jačeva-Ulčar published a book in Macedonian, which has garnered attention for its utility and interest not only among specialists such as Macedonians, lexicologists, and onomatologists, but also among a broader readership intrigued by the historical evolution of language as related to the history of a country. Drawing upon published dictionaries and recent field research, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary Macedonian surname system. It delves into various aspects including the motivating bases, prevalent suffixes in Macedonian surnames, and other facets pertaining to the formation and usage of surnames within the diverse population of the Republic of North Macedonia. The review recognizes the significant contribution of Elka Jačeva-Ulčar to contemporary Slavic and particularly Macedonian studies, as well as to Balkan studies in general. The researcher’s interest extends beyond the Macedonian language to those spoken by other inhabitants of the region, evaluating their impact on the Macedonian anthroponymicon. Individual sections of the book under review examine each Balkan community and their historical interactions with Macedonians, providing examples of surnames and linguistic elements that may have been assimilated into Macedonian. The study is particularly valuable for its insights into the linguistic heritage of the region’s minor ethnic groups.
Promoting and Sustaining Sexual Health as a Health Resource in Prisons - A Scoping Review
Authors: Solberg Ada Svarstad , Valde Embla , Helgeland Kjersti , Johannessen Lilja Marlen , Gundersen Malene Wøhlk , Josefsson Kristina Areskoug
Published: May 2024

Sexual health is a neglected topic in prisons, even though sexual health is a basic human need that includes physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects. There is limited knowledge concerning how to promote and sustain the sexual health of prisoners. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge of sexual health promotion as a health resource in prisons. By conducting a scoping review, we searched for sexual health-promoting activities, approaches or experiences from prisons globally. The findings included sexual health interventions covering conjugal visits and sexual health promotion through education and collaboration. There are connections between mental health and sexual health for prisoners, and sexual health also influences quality of life. In conclusion, it is evident that there is a significant imperative for further research, interventions and measures in this domain to ensure holistic rehabilitation for prisoners.
A Inflação Cósmica e sua Importância para a Cosmologia
Authors: Bezerra Sobrinho Jeremias , Leão João Rodrigo Souza
Published: May 2024

Neste artigo, examinamos a Inflação Cósmica, investigando sua origem histórica, implicações e contribuições para a compreensão do Universo primordial. Inicialmente, estabelecemos um contexto ao abordar a Relatividade Geral e os trabalhos pioneiros de cientistas como Friedmann, Lemaître e Hubble. Em seguida, identificamos os desafios inerentes ao modelo do Big Bang que motivaram Alan Guth a propor o mecanismo inflacionária. Posteriormente, delineamos os princípios fundamentais por trás da inflação, destacando as condições necessárias para que um modelo de inflação seja considerado viável na física e em seguida, mostramos como o mecanismo inflacionário resolve o problema de planura e de horizonte. Finalizamos a análise discutindo como observações contemporâneas corroboram com a inflação cósmica, especialmente no que concerne à explicação da origem das flutuações cósmicas e à formação das estruturas de larga escala no Universo.
The right to child education in/of the countryside: a study about research groups at CNPq
Authors: Vieira Emilia Peixoto , Teles Isabela Fernandes
Published: May 2024

Abstract The text presents a mapping of the Research Groups that study Early Childhood Education in the Countryside and are registered in the database of the CNPq. The interest in the subject arose when it was found that the only national survey about Early Childhood Education in the Countryside and characterization of educational practices with children from 0 to 6 years of age living in rural areas in Brazil was completed in 2012. In this text, the methodology of bibliographic survey is used. The results show that there are few research groups focused on Early Childhood Education in the Countryside. There is a need for studies that prioritize brands, spaces, the experiences of a child who lives in rural areas and the training of teachers to Early Childhood Education of/in the Countryside.
Career development and Teaching Concerns: an analysis with Brazilian Physical Education teachers
Authors: Vieira Suelen Vicente , Piovani Verónica Gabriela Silva , Both Jorge
Published: May 2024

Abstract This study investigates teachers' concerns during career development that are not present in Fuller and Bown's (1975) construct of concerns. Twenty Physical Education teachers at different stages of their careers participated in the research. Semi-structured interviews and content analysis were used to collect and analyze data. Two dimensions of emerging concerns were evidenced: public policies and social issues. Two emerging indicators for the Self dimension were found: teacher education and health. The emerging concerns of Physical Education teachers permeate the existing situations between school and the social context, affecting school routine.
Swallowing performance of elderly people and sociodemographic, cognitive and language factors
Authors: Estácio Jaqueline Cardoso , Cera Maysa Luchesi , Mangilli Laura Davison
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the correlation between swallowing, language and cognition performance and describe the sociodemographic data of elderly people without previous neurological disorders. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study, with non-probabilistic sample for convenience and data collection by telecall. The aspiration screening test (Yale Swallow Protocol) was used to identify and exclude elderly people at risk of aspiration. Then, sociodemographic data were collected, and instruments were applied: activity of daily living (IADLs), risk of dysphagia (EAT-10), cognitive screening (Mini Mental State Examination - MMSE) and language (Montreal-Toulouse Language Battery - MTL-Brazil). Results The sample consisted of 32 elderly people from the Federal District, with a mean age of 69.00±7.73 years and schooling of 10.00±5.60 years. The scores on the EAT-10, MMSE and MTL Battery instruments were altered in four, 22 and 26 elderly, respectively, indicating, in this case, risk of dysphagia, suggestion of cognitive alteration and language alteration. Regarding food, of the total sample, 13 seniors (40%) complained of needing modified food, as well as 10 of these also obtained MMSE scores suggestive of cognitive alteration. When comparing the groups with and without complaints and/or risk of dysphagia, there was no statistically significant difference in relation to sociodemographic, cognitive and language variables. Binary logistic regression models also showed no statistically significant results. Conclusion The present study, when correlating the swallowing, language and cognition findings, did not obtain statistically significant results. It was observed that the elderly with swallowing complaints also showed results suggestive of cognitive and language changes in the tests performed, but there was no statistically significant difference in relation to the elderly without complaints or swallowing changes.
Teste de palavras no ruído: desenvolvimento, validação e valores de referência
Authors: Costa Lidiéli Dalla , Vaucher Ana Valéria de Almeida , Pagliarin Karina Carlesso , Costa Maristela Julio
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Propor um instrumento para a avaliação do reconhecimento de fala na presença de ruído competitivo. Definir sua estratégia de aplicação, para ser aplicado na rotina clínica. Obter evidências de validade de critério e apresentar seus valores de referência. Método Estudo realizado em três etapas: Organização do material que compôs o Teste de Palavras no Ruído (Etapa 1); Definição da estratégia de aplicação do instrumento (Etapa 2); Investigação da validade de critério e definição dos valores de referência para o teste (Etapa 3), por meio da avaliação de 50 sujeitos adultos normo-ouvintes e 12 sujeitos com perda auditiva. Resultados O Teste de Palavras no Ruído é composto por listas de vocábulos mono e dissilábicos e um ruído com espectro de fala (Etapa 1). Foi definida como estratégia de aplicação do teste, a realização do Limiar de Reconhecimento de Fala com ruído fixo em 55 dBNA (Etapa 2). Quanto à validade de critério, o instrumento apresentou adequada capacidade de distinção entre os sujeitos normo-ouvintes e os sujeitos com perda auditiva (Etapa 3). Foram definidos como valores de referência para o teste, os pontos de corte expressos em relação sinal/ruído de 1,47 dB para o estímulo monossilábico e de -2,02 dB para o dissilábico. Conclusão O Teste de Palavras no Ruído demonstrou ser rápido e de fácil aplicação e interpretação dos resultados, podendo ser uma ferramenta útil a ser utilizada na rotina clínica audiológica. Além disso, apresentou evidências satisfatórias de validade de critério, com valores de referência estabelecidos.
Validity based on the response processes of the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofuncional Clinical History
Authors: Santos Alexia Stéfanny Menezes da Conceição dos , Goes Yasmim Dourado , Assis Herick Santos , Alves Maria Vanessa Martins , Melo Amanda Tafnes Soares de , Barbora Geovania Dias , Barreto Íkaro Daniel de Carvalho , Jesus Elisdete Maria Santos de , Berretin-Felix Giédre , Medeiros Andréa Monteiro Correia
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose Present the step of evidence of validity based on the responses to procedures of the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History. Methods Study developed according to phonoaudiologic tests validations recommendations. Validity analysis performed based on the process of instrument response. Ten speech therapists, that work on phonoaudiology clinic and/or orofacial myofunctional research on the population with age between 6 to 71 months, participated and applied the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History with those responsible for the children. The speech therapists appraised the instrument applicability via Google®️ electronic forms, containing dichotic and/or multiple-choice questions, and likert scale with space to justify negative answers. The data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel 2016®️ worksheets and analyzed by the content validity index (CVI). The software R Core Team 2022 (Versão 4.2.2) was used. Results All items from the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History were valid when applied to real contexts. Orofacial Myofunctional Clinic history protocol- IVC 100% in terms of ease of application and filling and usage in professional practice; IVC 90% in terms of usefulness for phonoaudiology clinic. The instructional got IVC 80% in terms of clinic usefulness and 70% regarding to the prior reading necessity to fill the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers. Conclusion The Instrucional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History, in the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers had its validity proven based on the processes of responses to the usage on phonoaudiology clinic.
Characterization of parameters for the analysis of objective measures of non-nutritive sucking of newborns
Authors: Sales Bárbara Generoso Santos de Matos , Furlan Renata Maria Moreira Moraes , Ramos Camila Alexandra Vilaça , Fracaroli Narciso Sena , Casas Estevam Barbosa de Las , Motta Andréa Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose To propose a methodology for analyzing data generated by an instrument measuring non-nutritive sucking pressure in newborns. Methods An analytical observational study was developed, with a cross-sectional design, considering the data collected from 24 full-term newborns without complications. Three collections from each neonate were analyzed, with duration of 2 minutes and a 2-minute interval between them. The defined parameters were extracted using a program developed in Matlab®. The results were obtained by analyzing and comparing 12 variables at a 5% confidence level. Comparison of manual and computerized analyzes was also carried out using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results The multiple comparison between the three collection moments showed that the significant statistical differences occurred between collections one and two and two and three. When analyzing and comparing each variable separately, it was noted that the second collection showed: greater number of sucking groups, greater number of suctions, less time to start the sucking groups, longer time of sucking groups, less number of sporadic suctions, higher mean pressure values and with less standard deviation, more number of pauses with shorter time of pauses. The intraclass correlation coefficient revealed almost perfect agreement for the 12 evaluated parameters. Conclusion The 12 variables analyzed are relevant, especially in the second collection. The Matlab® program proved to be viable and effective in extracting and analyzing parameters, showing high agreement when compared to manual evaluation.
Teste para avaliação do raciocínio clínico em Fonoaudiologia: validade de conteúdo
Authors: Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes , Mourão Aline Mansueto , Medeiros Adriane Mesquita , Mancini Patrícia Cotta , Machado Thais Helena , Santos Lara Gama , Gomes Nayara Ribeiro
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Objetivo validar o conteúdo do Teste de Concordância de Scripts em Fonoaudiologia, denominado FonoTCS. Método Trata-se de estudo de validação de conteúdo de instrumento. Participaram da construção do FonoTCS cinco fonoaudiólogas, doutoras e docentes, com média de 24,8 anos de atuação profissional, que chegaram a um consenso durante o processo de construção do teste. Elaborou-se 30 questões e 120 itens contemplando as áreas de atuação fonoaudiológica. Em seguida, 15 fonoaudiólogas com titulação mínima de mestre, e com, no mínimo, 10 anos de atuação clínica generalista receberam eletronicamente o FonoTCS para validação de conteúdo por meio de questionário sobre critérios de clareza, ética e pertinência do conteúdo das questões. Para a análise das respostas calculou-se o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo Corrigido de todas as afirmativas. Foram revisadas as questões com porcentagem de concordância igual ou inferior a 80%. Resultados 13 avaliadores responderam a análise, todos do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 39,07 anos, sendo oito mestres e cinco doutoras, com atuação clínica generalista média de 15,38 anos. Os valores médios do Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo Corrigido foram 0,93 e 0,95 para o critério de clareza; 0,98 e 0,92 para o critério de pertinência; e 0,99 para o critério de ética. Duas questões apresentaram notas de 0,78 e 0,80, sendo ambas da área de audiologia no domínio de avaliação/diagnóstico, para a questão relacionada ao critério de pertinência, sendo revisadas e reestruturadas pelos juízes. Conclusão O FonoTCS é um instrumento válido do ponto de vista do conteúdo.
Specifying Goals to Deep Neural Networks with Answer Set Programming
Authors: Agostinelli Forest , Panta Rojina , Khandelwal Vedant
Published: May 2024

Recently, methods such as DeepCubeA have used deep reinforcement learning to learn domain-specific heuristic functions in a largely domain-independent fashion. However, such methods either assume a predetermined goal or assume that goals will be given as fully-specified states. Therefore, specifying a set of goal states to these learned heuristic functions is often impractical. To address this issue, we introduce a method of training a heuristic function that estimates the distance between a given state and a set of goal states represented as a set of ground atoms in first-order logic. Furthermore, to allow for more expressive goal specification, we introduce techniques for specifying goals as answer set programs and using answer set solvers to discover sets of ground atoms that meet the specified goals. In our experiments with the Rubik's cube, sliding tile puzzles, and Sokoban, we show that we can specify and reach different goals without any need to re-train the heuristic function. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/forestagostinelli/SpecGoal.
A Fast Algorithm for k-Memory Messaging Scheme Design in Dynamic Environments with Uncertainty
Authors: Fan Zhikang , Shen Weiran
Published: May 2024

We study the problem of designing the optimal k-memory messaging scheme in a dynamic environment. Specifically, a sender, who can perfectly observe the state of a dynamic environment but cannot take actions, aims to persuade an uninformed, far-sighted receiver to take actions to maximize the long-term utility of the sender, by sending messages. We focus on k-memory messaging schemes, i.e., at each time step, the sender's messaging scheme depends on information from the previous k steps. After receiving a message, the self-interested receiver derives a posterior belief and takes action. The immediate reward of each player can be unaligned, thus the sender needs to ensure persuasiveness when designing the messaging scheme.

We first formulate this problem as a bi-linear program. Then we show that there are infinitely many non-trivial persuasive messaging schemes for any problem instance. Moreover, we show that when the sender uses a k-memory messaging scheme, the optimal strategy for the receiver is also a k-memory strategy. We propose a fast heuristic algorithm for this problem and show that it can be extended to the setting where the sender has threat ability. We experimentally evaluate our algorithm, comparing it with the solution obtained by the Gurobi solver, in terms of performance and running time, in both settings. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the solution in running time, yet achieves comparable performance.
An Analysis of the Decidability and Complexity of Numeric Additive Planning
Authors: Helal Hayyan , Lakemeyer Gerhard
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we first define numeric additive planning (NAP), a planning formulation equivalent to Hoffmann's Restricted Tasks over Integers. Then, we analyze the minimal number of action repetitions required for a solution, since planning turns out to be decidable as long as such numbers can be calculated for all actions. We differentiate between two kinds of repetitions and solve for one by integer linear programming and the other by search. Additionally, we characterize the differences between propositional planning and NAP regarding these two kinds. To achieve this, we define so-called multi-valued partial order plans, a novel compact plan representation. Finally, we consider decidable fragments of NAP and their complexity.
Machine-Made Media: Monitoring the Mobilization of Machine-Generated Articles on Misinformation and Mainstream News Websites
Authors: Hanley Hans W. A. , Durumeric Zakir
Published: May 2024

As large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have gained traction, an increasing number of news websites have begun utilizing them to generate articles. However, not only can these language models produce factually inaccurate articles on reputable websites but disreputable news sites can utilize LLMs to mass produce misinformation. To begin to understand this phenomenon, we present one of the first large-scale studies of the prevalence of synthetic articles within online news media. To do this, we train a DeBERTa-based synthetic news detector and classify over 15.46 million articles from 3,074 misinformation and mainstream news websites. We find that between January 1, 2022, and May 1, 2023, the relative number of synthetic news articles increased by 57.3% on mainstream websites while increasing by 474% on misinformation sites. We find that this increase is largely driven by smaller less popular websites. Analyzing the impact of the release of ChatGPT using an interrupted-time-series, we show that while its release resulted in a marked increase in synthetic articles on small sites as well as misinformation news websites, there was not a corresponding increase on large mainstream news websites.
EnronSR: A Benchmark for Evaluating AI-Generated Email Replies
Authors: Shay Moran , Davidson Roei , Grinberg Nir
Published: May 2024

Human-to-human communication is no longer just mediated by computers, it is increasingly generated by them, including on popular communication platforms such as Gmail, Facebook Messenger, Linkedin, and others. Yet, little is known about the differences between human- and machine-generated responses in complex social settings. Here, we present EnronSR, a novel benchmark dataset that is based on the Enron email corpus and contains both naturally occurring human- and AI-generated email replies for the same set of messages. This resource enables the benchmarking of novel language-generation models in a public and reproducible manner, and facilitates a comparison against the strong, production-level baseline of Google Smart Reply used by millions of people. Moreover, we show that when language models produce responses they could align more closely with human replies in terms of when responses should be offered, their length, sentiment, and semantic meaning. We further demonstrate the utility of this benchmark in a case study of GPT-3, showing significantly better alignment with human responses than Smart Reply, albeit providing no guarantees for quality or safety.
Cyclic failure of interfaces between sand and snakeskin-inspired surfaces
Authors: O'Hara K. , Martinez A.
Published: May 2024

Cyclic loading of deep foundations and soil anchorage elements can lead to failure by accumulation of deformations or loss of strength. Snakeskin-inspired surfaces have been shown to mobilise direction-dependent friction angles and volumetric responses due to their asymmetric profile. This paper presents an investigation on the cyclic interface element behavior of sand-structure interfaces with snakeskin-inspired surfaces with the goal of understanding the potential impact of these surfaces on the cyclic behavior of geotechnical elements. Load- and displacement-controlled cyclic interface shear tests were performed with constant stiffness boundary conditions. Four different snakeskin-inspired surfaces and reference rough and smooth surfaces were tested. The results show that under symmetric shear stress cycles, failure always takes place in the caudal direction (i.e. along the scales) due to the smaller interface friction angles. A shear stress bias can produce a change in the failure direction to the cranial one (i.e. against the scales). An equation is introduced to predict the magnitude of shear stress bias that changes the failure direction. This investigation shows that the snakeskin-inspired surfaces can be used to control the direction of failure of soil-structure interface elements which can help in increasing the cyclic stability and reducing the susceptibility of brittle failure.
The evaluation of burn knowledge and burn management skills of resident doctors of emergency medicine, general surgery and plastic surgery
Authors: Dolu Zafer , Jaradat Ömer , Katırcı Yavuz , Çalışkan Hacı Mehmet , Şahin Burak , Erdem Ahmet Burak
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background/Aims:
Our study aimed to assess the abilities of emergency medicine, general surgery, and plastic surgery resident doctors in diagnosing, treating, and managing burn patients.

Methods:
We conducted a survey study between 04.05.2015 and 04.08.2015 at university hospitals and training and research hospitals in Ankara. We collected information on the age, gender, experience, and hospital of the doctors, as well as their training and approaches to treating burn cases. We evaluated their knowledge in various areas, including clinical approaches to 2nd and 3rd-degree burn cases, escharotomy localizations, intubation indications, bulla treatment, referral and hospitalization indications, identification of inhalation burns, and fluid resuscitation.

Results:
The average age of the participants was 29.3±2.4 years, and 65.7% were male. We found that doctors who had received advanced burn life support training had better approaches to burn cases (p
Production priming of stress in nonwords
Authors: Moore-Cantwell Claire , Bosch Dana , Kahn Ethan , Kim Christine , Shoemaker Grace
Published: May 2024

In this study, we demonstrate production-to-production priming of stress in nonwords, when participants must assign a stress pattern without reference to lexical information. This priming effect is boosted when segmental material overlaps between prime and target, but is robust even when no segmental material overlaps. We argue that stress patterns are represented in the minds of speakers, independently from segmental representations. These independent stress representations must be active alongside segmental representations during production.
Internal stresses and their sources in steels with BCC lattice
Authors: Popova N. A. , Nikonenko E. L. , Porfir’ev M. A. , Kryukov R. E.
Published: May 2024

The paper studies fine structure of industrial steels with BCC lattice (pearlite, ferrite-pearlite and martensite) using transmission diffraction electron microscopy. The internal structure of the grains was analyzed; the scalar density of dislocations in various parts of the material, the sources of internal stresses and their amplitude were determined. The use of a method based on the analysis of bending extinction contours allowed us to study internal stresses. We analyzed the internal stresses and their sources using the example of 0.76С–Cr–V–Fe rail steel with a lamellar pearlite structure after ultra long-term operation with the tonnage of 1770 million gross tons. The metal of the rails was examined along the central axis of symmetry (rolling surface) and the rounding radius (working fillet) of the railhead at distances of 0, 2 and 10 mm from the surface. As one approaches the head surface, regardless of the research direction (along the fillet rounding radius or along the axis of symmetry), the lamellar pearlite is gradually replaced by destroyed pearlite with formation of a ferrite-carbide mixture and formation of a fragmented structure. These processes occur more intensively in the working fillet. Along the entire central axis of symmetry of the rail head (rolling surface), there is a plastic bending-torsion of the crystal lattice, along the rounding radius of the rail head (working fillet) at a distance of 10 mm from the surface – also plastic, and at a distance from 0 to 2 mm – elastic-plastic. The main source of internal torque (long-acting) stresses in rail steel is the excessive density of dislocations. Using the example of 34CrNi3MoVN steel of the martensitic class, the type of bending extinction contour was determined using mathematical equations. At low degrees of plastic deformation, extinction contours are contours of bending or torsion, at high degrees they are of a mixed type.
Effect of heat treatment modes on structure and properties of 08Kh18N6AG10S steel
Authors: Gordienko A. I. , Abdulmenova E. V. , Kozlova T. V. , Gomorova Yu. F. , Vlasov I. V. , Fotin I. A. , Kayurov K. N. , Buyakova S. P.
Published: May 2024

The paper studies the influence of heat treatment modes on the structure and properties of austenitic steel grade 08Kh18N6AG10S. Austeni­tic structure with twinned boundaries was preserved after quenching at 1040 and 1100 ℃. At the same time, the average size of austenitic grains decreased from 42.3 ± 6 μm (supply condition) to 38.1 ± 5.0 and 39.0 ± 4.5 μm, respectively. Quenching at 1040 ℃ leads to release of excess carbide phases at the grain boundaries. Mainly manganese and silicon oxides were found after quenching at 1100 ℃. Quenching at 1040 ℃ leads to a slight decrease in microhardness (by 12 %) compared to the condition of supply (from 3285 ± 80 to 2895 ± 70 MPa). The hardness decreases less after quenching at 1100 ℃ (up to 3090 ± 80 MPa). Quenching at 1040 and 1100 ℃ has significantly improved the fracture toughness of steel. Values of impact strength of the steel increased to 223 ± 10 and 240 ± 5 J/cm2 compared to the condition of supply (55 J/cm2). The authors found that the steel samples demonstrate a comparable level of wear resistance during tests for abrasive wear compared to the condition of supply after quenching at 1040 and 1100 ℃. The mass loss after passing the roller distance of 4309 m for all steel conditions is approximately 8.0 %. The authors concluded that the most optimal heat treatment of 08Kh18N6AG10S steel is quenching at 1100 ℃, which improves the fracture toughness of steel while maintaining microhardness and wear resistance.
Information modeling system for movement of charge layers and melt accumulation in a blast furnace well
Authors: Spirin N. A. , Gurin I. A. , Lavrov V. V. , Zainullin L. A.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of development of an information modeling system for movement of charge layers and melt accumulation in a blast furnace well. The work is based on mathematical models reflecting modern ideas on the course of physico-chemical phenomena of blast furnace melting and technological features of the blast furnace process. The use of such system makes it possible to determine and visualize the configuration of layers of iron ore materials and coke according to the working space height, taking into account a given ore load in equal-sized annular zones of the blast furnace. In constructing the configuration of the charge layers, when materials are approaching the furnace belly, the peculiarities of their movement are taken into account. This is due to the influence of tuyere zone, primary slag formation processes, and changes in thickness of the coke layer caused by development of the direct reduction process. Calculation of the melt accumulation process in the blast furnace well provides determining the volume of slag remaining there after the notch closure of previous tapping, calculating the dynamics of filling the furnace well with melts of cast iron and slag, determining the volume output of melts of cast iron and slag for the inter-tapping period and calculating the duration of tapping. The developed information modeling system makes it possible to evaluate the dynamics of changes in configuration of layers in the working space height, as well as the process of melt accumulation in the blast furnace well, using really accessible information about a working furnace. The software architecture is described, the characteristics of the modules are presented and its operation is illustrated. The developed system can be used by technological staff of a blast furnace shop to study the processes occurring in blast furnaces, improve the technological modes of operation, predict the melting progress in real time in conditions of operation instability.
Segmentation of generation MZ tourist based on constraints in rural tourism
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Chae-Hyeon , Park Sang-Won
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to identify tourism constraints that generation MZ (Millenials and Generation Z) experiences regarding rural tourism and to explore differences and among clusters based on these constraints. A total of 284 valid responses were used for a two-step clustering process which involved hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the number of clusters and non-hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the clusters. As a result, generation MZ was found to have a lack of interest, environmental discomfort, psychological discomfort, lack of time and financial resources, and peer influence regarding rural tourism. Based on these factors, three distinct groups were identified: the environmentally constrained group, the minimally constrained group, and the multi-constrained group. The environmentally constrained group consists of individuals who frequently engage in domestic travel but have limited experience in rural tourism. This group showed high intentions for tourism and word-of-mouth(WOM) recommendations. On the other hand, the minimally constrained segment had significantly more experience with rural tourism and preferred traveling with family or relatives. Lastly, the multi-constraint segment comprised over half of the respondents, who had no prior experience with rural tourism. They exhibited significant psychological distance from rural areas and demonstrated low behavioral intentions. This study addressed the limitations of previous studies and policies that presuppose generation MZ as a single group, and provided implications for revitalizing rural tourism through an in-depth understanding of the factors that may negatively affect generation MZ.