bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propoxur resistance associated with insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: You Chunmei , Shan Chao , Xin Juanjuan , Li Jing , Ma Zhuo , Zhang Yi , Zeng Xiaopeng , Gao Xiwu
Published: May 2020

Two unique housefly strains, PSS and N-PRS (near-isogenic line with the PSS), were used to clarify the mechanisms associated with propoxur resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica. The propoxur-selected resistant (N-PRS) strain exhibited >1035-fold resistance to propoxur and 1.70-, 12.06-, 4.28-, 57.76-, and 57.54-fold cross-resistance to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, bifenthrin, phoxim, and azamethiphos, respectively, compared to the susceptible (PSS) strain. We purified acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the N-PRS and PSS strains using a procainamide affinity column and characterized the AChE. The sensitivity of AChE to propoxur based on the bimolecular rate constant (Ki) was approximately 100-fold higher in the PSS strain compared to the N-PRS strain. The cDNA encoding Mdace from both the N-PRS strain and the PSS strain were cloned and sequenced using RT-PCR. The cDNA was 2073 nucleotides long and encoded a protein of 691 amino acids. A total of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), I162M, V260L, G342A, and F407Y, were present in the region of the active site of AChE from the N-PRS strain. The transcription level and DNA copy number of Mdace were significantly higher in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain. These results indicated that mutations combined with the up-regulation of Mdace might be essential in the housefly resistance to propoxur.
Feasibility of IVIM parameters from diffusion-weighted imaging at 11.7T MRI for detecting ischemic changes in common carotid artery occlusion rats
Authors: Fujiwara Shunrou , Mori Yuki , de la Mora Daniela Martinez , Akamatsu Yosuke , Yoshida Kenji , Shibata Yuji , Masuda Tomoyuki , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Yoshioka Yoshichika
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to investigate whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters can identify ischemic changes in the rat cerebral cortex using a preclinical ultra-high-field 11.7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (11.7TMRI) scanner. In nine female Wistar rats (eight weeks old), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for IVIM analysis was successfully performed before (Pre) and after unilateral (UCCAO) and bilateral (BCCAO) common carotid artery occlusion. From the acquired DWI signals averaged in six regions of interest (ROI) placed on the cortex, volume fraction of perfusion compartment (F), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), F × D* and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were determined as IVIM parameters in the following three DWI signal models: the bi-exponential, kurtosis, and tri-exponential model. For a subgroup analysis, four rats that survived two weeks after BCCAO were assigned to the long survival (LS) group, whereas the non-LS group consisted of the remaining five animals. Each IVIM parameter change among three phases (Pre, UCCAO and BCCAO) was statistically examined in each ROI. Then, the change in each rat group was also examined for subgroup analysis. All three models were able to identify cerebral ischemic change and damage as IVIM parameter change among three phases. Furthermore, the kurtosis model could identify the parameter changes in more regions than the other two models. In the subgroup analysis with the kurtosis model, ADC in non-LS group significantly decreased between UCCAO and BCCAO but not in LS group. IVIM parameters at 11.7TMRI may help us to detect the subtle ischemic change; in particular, with the kurtosis model.
Autistic Traits Affect Reward Anticipation but not Reception
Authors: Matyjek Magdalena , Bayer Mareike , Dziobek Isabel
Published: May 2020

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have been linked to aberrant reward processing, but it remains unclear whether it is a general dysfunction or limited to social stimuli, and whether it affects both phases of reward processing, namely anticipation and reception. We used event-related brain potentials and a population-based approach to investigate reward anticipation and reception to socially relevant (i.e., picture of experimenter’s face showing approval/disapproval) and monetary rewards in 51 neurotypical individuals with varying levels of autistic traits. Higher autistic traits were associated with enhanced reward anticipation across reward types in the early anticipation phase (triggered by incentive cues), but not in the late anticipation phase (directly before reward reception), as reflected by the CNV component. The P3 component in response to reward reception showed a general increase for monetary outcomes, which was not modulated by autistic traits. These results suggest that higher autistic traits are related to enhanced reward anticipation, but do not modulate reward reception. No interaction between reward types and autistic traits was observed. We propose that the relevance of social rewards had higher reward value than commonly used pictures of strangers, which specifically normalised responses for individuals with high autistic traits.
Serotonin re-uptake transporter gene polymorphisms are associated with imatinib-induced diarrhoea in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Davies Andrea , Rodriguez-Vicente Ana Eugenia , Austin Gemma , Loaiza Sandra , Foroni Letizia , Clark Richard E , Pirmohamed Munir
Published: May 2020

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the treatment of choice for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), can cause lower gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity which is manifested as diarrhoea. The mechanisms are not fully understood. The enteroendocrine signalling compound, serotonin (5-HT), is important for regulating peristaltic motion, fluid secretion and visceral hypersensitivity in the GI tract, and has been implicated in diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. In this study, we have evaluated whether TKI-induced diarrhoea may be related to variation in the serotonin re-uptake transporter (SERT) gene. CML patients with and without diarrhoea on the SPIRIT2 trial (imatinib, n = 319; and dasatinib, n = 297) were genotyped for the promoter 5-HTTLPR, intron 2 VNTR and rs25531 polymorphisms by PCR-based methods. Diarrhoea was more prevalent in imatinib, than in dasatinib treated patients (P = 0.015), which when stratified by gender was seen to be driven by female patients (P = 0.036). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, and the dominant HTTLPR with the rs25531 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) model, explained the occurrence of diarrhoea in ~10% of imatinib-treated female CML patients. These data suggest SERT polymorphisms influence imatinib-induced diarrhoea but not that of dasatinib.
Knee effusion evaluated by ultrasonography warns knee osteoarthritis patients to develop their muscle atrophy: a three-year cohort study
Authors: Chiba Daisuke , Ota Seiya , Sasaki Eiji , Tsuda Eiichi , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ishibashi Yasuyuki
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the quantitative value of suprapatellar effusion and the longitudinal changes in lower-extremity muscle mass (MM) in a cohort with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Fifty-three subjects (106 legs) with bilateral radiographic KOA at baseline (BL) were enrolled. MM was calculated by bioimpedance analysis three times at BL, and at the one-year (1Y) and three-year (3Y) follow-ups. The longitudinal change in the lower-extremity MM was calculated by subtracting MMBL from MM1Y, and MM1Y from MM3Y. Subjects with ≥1.0 z-score loss were defined as having severe MM loss (SMML). Effusion was evaluated as the sagittal area of suprapatellar pouch (mm2) by ultrasonography. The ROC curve was drawn to determine the cut-off of effusion area. General estimating equations (GEEs) were conducted with the prevalence of SMML as the dependent variable and with the cut-off of effusion area as the independent variable. Sixteen legs (15.1%) demonstrated SMMLBL-1Y and another sixteen legs demonstrated SMML1Y-3Y. GEEs revealed that individuals with ≥90 mm2 effusion had significantly higher odds of SMMLBL-1Y prevalence (Odds ratio: 21.561; P-value: 0.003). Individuals with leachate knee effusion at BL had a significant risk of losing MM through the first year of the initial knee effusion assessment.
Ranibizumab non-response in pachychoroid neovasculopathy: Effects of switching to aflibercept
Authors: Schworm Benedikt , Luft Nikolaus , Keidel Leonie F. , Herold Tina R. , Wolf Armin , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Siedlecki Jakob
Published: May 2020

Non-response to intravitreal ranibizumab represents a frequent problem in pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). To investigate the effectivity of switching to aflibercept, the database of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, was screened for patients fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: (i) diagnosis of PNV; (ii) inadequate response to ≥ 3 ranibizumab injections, in spite of monthly dosing, defined as persistence of subretinal-fluid four weeks after the last ranibizumab injection; (iii) resulting switch to aflibercept administered as three monthly injections. Primary outcome measure was percentage of eyes with a dry macula four weeks after the third aflibercept injection. Secondary outcome measures included changes in maximum subretinal fluid (SRF), central subfield thickness (CST) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). In total, 14 eyes of 14 patients were included. Mean age was 64.1 ± 7.5 (range: 51–78) years. Switching to aflibercept was performed after mean 8.4 ± 4.1 (3–15) ranibizumab injections. While no eye (0%) achieved a dry macula status during ranibizumab treatment, switching to aflibercept achieved a dry macula status in eight eyes (57.1%) after three injections. While both ranibizumab and aflibercept showed an effect on CST (p = 0.027, p = 0.003), only aflibercept showed a significant effect on SRF (p = 0.0009) and SFCT (p = 0.044). In cases of PNV not responding to intravitreal ranibizumab, switching treatment to aflibercept induces a favorable short-term response resolving persistent fluid and achieving a dry macula. Further studies with longer follow-up are warranted.
Epiretinal Membrane Detection at the Ophthalmologist Level using Deep Learning of Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lo Ying-Chih , Lin Keng-Hung , Bair Henry , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Chang Chi-Sen , Shen Ying-Cheng , Hung Che-Lun
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Previous deep learning studies on optical coherence tomography (OCT) mainly focused on diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. We proposed a deep learning model that can identify epiretinal membrane (ERM) in OCT with ophthalmologist-level performance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 3,618 central fovea cross section OCT images from 1,475 eyes of 964 patients. Methods: We retrospectively collected 7,652 OCT images from 1,197 patients. From these images, 2,171 were normal and 1,447 were ERM OCT. A total of 3,141 OCT images was used as training dataset and 477 images as testing dataset. DL algorithm was used to train the interpretation model. Diagnostic results by four board-certified non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists on the testing dataset were compared with those generated by the DL model. Main Outcome Measures: We calculated for the derived DL model the following characteristics: sensitivity, specificity, F1 score and area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. These were calculated according to the gold standard results which were parallel diagnoses of the retinal specialist. Performance of the DL model was finally compared with that of non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists. Results: Regarding the diagnosis of ERM in OCT images, the trained DL model had the following characteristics in performance: sensitivity: 98.7%, specificity: 98.0%, and F1 score: 0.945. The accuracy on the training dataset was 99.7% (95% CI: 99.4 - 99.9%), and for the testing dataset, diagnostic accuracy was 98.1% (95% CI: 96.5 - 99.1%). AUC of the ROC curve was 0.999. The DL model slightly outperformed the average non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists. Conclusions: An ophthalmologist-level DL model was built here to accurately identify ERM in OCT images. The performance of the model was slightly better than the average non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists. The derived model may play a role to assist clinicians to promote the efficiency and safety of healthcare in the future.
Analog of multiple electromagnetically induced transparency using double-layered metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Xu Zhixia , Yin Xiaoxing , Zhao Hongxin
Published: May 2020

We reported an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (A-EIT) featured by double transparent peaks in the spectrum. The A-EIT is realized by double-layered metasurface which consists of spoof localized surface plasmons (S-LSP) and cut-wire (CW)-square rings (SR) hybrid. Electric and magnetic S-LSP are excited as bright and dark modes respectively then couple with resonant modes of CW and SR simultaneously to achieve multiple A-EIT. Two bright modes of the electric S-LSP and SR are excited by external electric field directly that produce a bright-bright mode A-EIT. Moreover, the magnetic S-LSP, which cannot be excited by external field directly, is excited through near field coupling from CW, inducing another bright-dark mode A-EIT. Theoretical analysis with corresponding experiment in microwave band are introduced for better insights into physical essence of the double-peaks A-EIT.
Combination of Serological, Antigen Detection, and DNA Data for Plasmodium falciparum Provides Robust Geospatial Estimates for Malaria Transmission in Haiti
Authors: Oviedo Adan , Knipes Alaine , Worrell Caitlin , Fox LeAnne M. , Desir Luccene , Fayette Carl , Javel Alain , Monestime Franck , Mace Kimberly , Chang Michelle A. , Udhayakumar Venkatachalam , Lemoine Jean F. , Won Kimberly , Lammie Patrick J. , Rogier Eric
Published: May 2020

Microscopy is the gold standard for malaria epidemiology, but laboratory and point-of-care (POC) tests detecting parasite antigen, DNA, and human antibodies against malaria have expanded this capacity. The island nation of Haiti is endemic for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria, though at a low national prevalence and heterogenous geospatial distribution. In 2015 and 2016, serosurveys were performed of children (ages 6–7 years) sampled in schools in Saut d’Eau commune (n = 1,230) and Grand Anse department (n = 1,664) of Haiti. Children received malaria antigen rapid diagnostic test and provided a filter paper blood sample for further laboratory analysis of the Pf histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen, Pf DNA, and anti-Pf IgG antibodies. Prevalence of Pf infection ranged from 0.0–16.7% in 53 Saut d’Eau schools, and 0.0–23.8% in 56 Grand Anse schools. Anti-Pf antibody carriage exceeded 80% of students in some schools from both study sites. Geospatial prediction ellipses were created to indicate clustering of positive tests within the survey areas and overlay of all prediction ellipses for the different types of data revealed regions with high likelihood of active and ongoing Pf malaria transmission. The geospatial utilization of different types of Pf data can provide high confidence for spatial epidemiology of the parasite.
Soybean yield, nutrient uptake and stoichiometry under different climate regions of northeast China
Authors: Zhao Shicheng , Xu Xinpeng , Wei Dan , Lin Xiaomao , Qiu Shaojun , Ciampitti Ignacio , He Ping
Published: May 2020

Climate and soil fertility influence seed yield, nutrient uptake, and nutrient stoichiometry in the plant. We collected soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] data were collected from field experiments in northeast China (warm and cold regions) to study the effect of temperature variations during the crop growing season on seed yield, nutrient uptake and stoichiometry from 2001 to 2017. Soybean seed yield has been increased in the cold region but not in the warm region, where average seed yield was higher. The indigenous nitrogen (N) supply followed the same trend as yield, greater in warmer environments but also increasing over time. The internal efficiency (IE) of N and potassium (K) performed similarly in both climate regions, but phosphorus (P) IE was 30% greater in the warm region than the cold region. For soybean nutrient uptake ratio, the N/K ratio was similar between both regions; however, the N/P ratio was greater in the warmer region relative to the colder region. Overall, the higher temperature experienced in the warm region increased soybean seed yield relative to the cold region, and high soil P accumulation caused soybean P luxury uptake in the cold region of northeast China.
Thermodynamic interference with bile acid demicelleization reduces systemic entry and injury during cholestasis
Authors: de Oliveira Cristiane , Khatua Biswajit , El-Kurdi Bara , Patel Krutika , Mishra Vivek , Navina Sarah , Grim Bradley J. , Gupta Srishti , Belohlavek Marek , Cherry Brian , Yarger Jeffery , Green Matthew D. , Singh Vijay P.
Published: May 2020

Bile acids (BA), with their large hydrophobic steroid nucleus and polar groups are amphipathic molecules. In bile, these exist as micelles above their critical micellar concentration (CMC). In blood at low concentrations, these exist as monomers, initiating cellular signals. This micellar to monomer transition may involve complex thermodynamic interactions between bile salts alone or with phospholipids, i.e. mixed micelles and the aqueous environment. We therefore went on to test if therapeutically relevant changes in temperature could influence micellar behavior of bile salts, and in turn whether this affected the biological responses in cells, and in vivo. Sodium taurocholate (STC) belongs to a major class of bile salts. STC has a CMC in the 5–8 mM range and its infusion into the pancreatic duct is commonly used to study pancreatitis. We thus studied micellar breakdown of STC using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Under conditions relevant to the in vivo environment (pH 7.4, Na 0.15 M), ITC showed STC to have a U shaped reduction in micellar breakdown between 37 °C and 15 °C with a nadir at 25 °C approaching ≈90% inhibition. This temperature dependence paralleled pancreatic acinar injury induced by monomeric STC. Mixed micelles of STC and 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleyl phosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid present in high proportions in bile, behaved similarly, with ≈75% reduction in micellar breakdown at 25 °C compared to 37 °C. In vivo pancreatic cooling to 25 °C reduced the increase in circulating BAs after infusion of 120 mM (5%) STC into the pancreatic duct, and duct ligation. Lower BA levels were associated with improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial damage, shock, lung injury and improved survival independent of pancreatic injury. Thus micellar breakdown of bile salts is essential for their entry into the systemic circulation, and thermodynamic interference with this may reduce their systemic entry and consequent injury during cholestasis, such as from biliary pancreatitis.
Genetic regulators of mineral amount in Nelore cattle muscle predicted by a new co-expression and regulatory impact factor approach
Authors: Afonso Juliana , Fortes Marina Rufino Salinas , Reverter Antonio , Diniz Wellison Jarles da Silva , Cesar Aline Silva Mello , Lima Andressa Oliveira de , Petrini Juliana , de Souza Marcela M. , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Zerlotini Adhemar , Gromboni Caio Fernando , Nogueira Ana Rita Araújo , Regitano Luciana Correia de Almeida
Published: May 2020

Mineral contents in bovine muscle can affect meat quality, growth, health, and reproductive traits. To better understand the genetic basis of this phenotype in Nelore (Bosindicus) cattle, we analysed genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expression data from 114 muscle samples. The analysis implemented a new application for two complementary algorithms: the partial correlation and information theory (PCIT) and the regulatory impact factor (RIF), in which we included the estimated genomic breeding values (GEBVs) for the phenotypes additionally to the expression levels, originally proposed for these methods. We used PCIT to determine putative regulatory relationships based on significant associations between gene expression and GEBVs for each mineral amount. Then, RIF was adopted to determine the regulatory impact of genes and miRNAs expression over the GEBVs for the mineral amounts. We also investigated over-represented pathways, as well as pieces of evidences from previous studies carried in the same population and in the literature, to determine regulatory genes for the mineral amounts. For example,NOX1expression level was positively correlated to Zinc and has been described as Zinc-regulated in humans. Based on our approach, we were able to identify genes, miRNAs and pathways not yet described as underlying mineral amount. The results support the hypothesis that extracellular matrix interactions are the core regulator of mineral amount in muscle cells. Putative regulators described here add information to this hypothesis, expanding the knowledge on molecular relationships between gene expression and minerals.
GSEA-assisted gene signatures valid for combinations of prognostic markers in PCNSL
Authors: Takashima Yasuo , Hamano Momoko , Fukai Junya , Iwadate Yasuo , Kajiwara Koji , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Hondoh Hiroaki , Yamanaka Ryuya
Published: May 2020

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a brain malignant non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma. The standard treatments are high-dose methotrexate (MTX)-based chemotherapies and deferred whole brain radiotherapy. However, MTX resistance-dependent global expression and signaling pathway changes and their relationship with prognoses have not yet been elucidated. Here, we conducted a global expression analysis with next-generation sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in MTX-resistant PCNSL cell lines (HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX) and PCNSL tissues. In rank scores, genes listed in HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX were enriched in PCNSL with poor prognoses. In fold changes, a part of differentially-expressed genes in PCNSL tissues were also detected in HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX cells; FOXD2-AS1 and MMP19 were commonly expressed in both HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX, FABP5 and CD70 were HKBML-MTX-specifically expressed, and CLCN2, HOXB9, INE1, and LRP5L were TK-MTX-specifically expressed, which may provide a combination of prognostic markers on MTX-sensitivities in PCNSL. Additionally, PCNSL subgroups, divided with hierarchical clustering and Kaplan-Meier methods, included twenty commonly expressed genes in both HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX, ten HKBML-MTX-specifically expressed genes, and two TK-MTX-specifically expressed genes. These results suggest that the GSEA-assisted gene signatures can provide a combination for prognostic markers in recurrent PCNSL with MTX resistances.
Arm-pull thrust in human swimming and the effect of post-activation potentiation
Authors: Barbosa Tiago M. , Yam Jia Wen , Lum Danny , Balasekaran Govindasamy , Marinho Daniel A.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to analyse the front-crawl arm-pull kinetics and kinematics, comparing it before and after post-activation potentiation (PAP), and the associations between variables describing of the arm-pull kinetics. Twelve male competitive swimmers were randomly assigned to perform two different warm-ups in a crossover manner: (i) non-PAP (control condition); and (ii) PAP (experimental condition). PAP consisted of 2 × 5 arm-pulls with resistance bands by both upper-limbs. Eight minutes later, participants underwent a 25 m all-out trial in front-crawl arm-pull. Kinetics (i.e., peak thrust, mean thrust and thrust-time integral) and kinematics (i.e., speed and speed fluctuation) were collected by an in-house customised system composed of differential pressure sensors, speedo-meter and underwater camera. There was a significant and large improvement of the arm-pull kinetics after completing the warm-up with PAP sets (0.010 < P < 0.054, 0.50 < d < 0.74). There were non-significant and small effects of PAP on speed (P = 0.307, d = 0.18) and speed fluctuation (P = 0.498, d = 0.04). Correlation coefficients among kinetic variables were significant with large associations (0.51 < R < 0.90, 0.001 < P < 0.088). In conclusion, warm-ups including PAP conditioning sets elicit a large improvement in the thrust, but with small improvement in performance. Variables used to characterise thrust are strongly correlated and hence can be used interchangeably.
Restrictive intraoperative fluid management was associated with higher incidence of composite complications compared to less restrictive strategies in open thoracotomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Jie Ae , Ahn Hyun Joo , Oh Ah Ran , Choi Jisun
Published: May 2020

Restrictive fluid management has been recommended for thoracic surgery. However, specific guidelines are lacking, and there is always concern regarding impairment of renal perfusion with a restrictive policy. The objective of this study was to find the net intraoperative fluid infusion rate which shows the lowest incidence of composite complications (either pulmonary complications or acute kidney injury) in open thoracotomy. We hypothesized that a certain range of infusion rate would decrease the composite complications within postoperative 30 days. All patients (n = 1,031) who underwent open thoracotomy at a tertiary care university hospital were included in this retrospective study. The time frame of fluid monitoring was from the start of operation to postoperative 24 hours. The cutoff value of the intraoperative net fluid amount was 4–5 ml.kg−1.h−1 according to the minimum p-value method, thus, patients were divided into Low (≤3 ml.kg−1.h−1), Cutoff (4–5 ml.kg−1.h−1) and High (≥6 ml.kg−1.h−1) groups. The Cutoff group showed the lowest composite complication rate (19%, 12%, and 13% in the Low, Cutoff, and High groups, respectively, P = 0.0283; Low vs. Cutoff, P = 0.0324, Bonferroni correction). Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred least frequently in the Cutoff group (7%, 3%, and 6% for the Low, Cutoff, and High groups, respectively, P = 0.0467; Low vs. Cutoff, P = 0.0432, Bonferroni correction). In multivariable analysis, intraoperative net fluid infusion rate was associated with composite complications, and the Cutoff group decreased risk (odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.81, P = 0.0035). In conclusion, maintaining intraoperative net fluid infusion at 4–5 ml.kg−1.h−1 was associated with better results in open thoracotomy, in terms of composite complications, compared to more restrictive fluid management.
Evaluation of an augmented reality platform for austere surgical telementoring: a randomized controlled crossover study in cricothyroidotomies
Authors: Rojas-Muñoz Edgar , Lin Chengyuan , Sanchez-Tamayo Natalia , Cabrera Maria Eugenia , Andersen Daniel , Popescu Voicu , Barragan Juan Antonio , Zarzaur Ben , Murphy Patrick , Anderson Kathryn , Douglas Thomas , Griffis Clare , McKee Jessica , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Wachs Juan P.
Published: May 2020

Telementoring platforms can help transfer surgical expertise remotely. However, most telementoring platforms are not designed to assist in austere, pre-hospital settings. This paper evaluates the system for telementoring with augmented reality (STAR), a portable and self-contained telementoring platform based on an augmented reality head-mounted display (ARHMD). The system is designed to assist in austere scenarios: a stabilized first-person view of the operating field is sent to a remote expert, who creates surgical instructions that a local first responder wearing the ARHMD can visualize as three-dimensional models projected onto the patient’s body. Our hypothesis evaluated whether remote guidance with STAR could lead to performing a surgical procedure better, as opposed to remote audio-only guidance. Remote expert surgeons guided first responders through training cricothyroidotomies in a simulated austere scenario, and on-site surgeons evaluated the participants using standardized evaluation tools. The evaluation comprehended completion time and technique performance of specific cricothyroidotomy steps. The analyses were also performed considering the participants’ years of experience as first responders, and their experience performing cricothyroidotomies. A linear mixed model analysis showed that using STAR was associated with higher procedural and non-procedural scores, and overall better performance. Additionally, a binary logistic regression analysis showed that using STAR was associated to safer and more successful executions of cricothyroidotomies. This work demonstrates that remote mentors can use STAR to provide first responders with guidance and surgical knowledge, and represents a first step towards the adoption of ARHMDs to convey clinical expertise remotely in austere scenarios.
Active metabolism unmasks functional protein–protein interactions in real time in-cell NMR
Authors: Breindel Leonard , Burz David S. , Shekhtman Alexander
Published: May 2020

Protein–protein interactions, PPIs, underlie most cellular processes, but many PPIs depend on a particular metabolic state that can only be observed in live, actively metabolizing cells. Real time in-cell NMR spectroscopy, RT-NMR, utilizes a bioreactor to maintain cells in an active metabolic state. Improvement in bioreactor technology maintains ATP levels at >95% for up to 24 hours, enabling protein overexpression and a previously undetected interaction between prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein, Pup, and mycobacterial proteasomal ATPase, Mpa, to be detected. Singular value decomposition, SVD, of the NMR spectra collected over the course of Mpa overexpression easily identified the PPIs despite the large variation in background signals due to the highly active metabolome.
Early-stage evaluation of emerging CO2utilization technologies at low technology readiness levels
Authors: Roh Kosan , Bardow André , Bongartz Dominik , Burre Jannik , Chung Wonsuk , Deutz Sarah , Han Dongho , Heßelmann Matthias , Kohlhaas Yannik , König Andrea , Lee Jeehwan S. , Meys Raoul , Völker Simon , Wessling Matthias , Lee Jay H. , Mitsos Alexander
Published: May 2020

Three-step procedure for early-stage evaluation of CO2utilization technologies based on TRLs.
Lipid exchange enhances geometric pinning in multicomponent membranes on patterned substrates
Authors: Rinaldin Melissa , Fonda Piermarco , Giomi Luca , Kraft Daniela J.
Published: May 2020

Local lipid exchange is crucial in determining the phase behaviour of multicomponent membrane-coated colloidal particles.
Snake venom characteristic peptides: novel fingerprints for species identification by sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Yu Yue , Chen Hong-Xu , Zhou Ying-Lin , Zhang Xin-Xiang
Published: May 2020

The first application of sheathless capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry combined with BLAST tools for snake characteristic peptide screening and species identification.
Cellulose nanocrystals of variable sulfation degrees can sequester specific platelet lysate-derived biomolecules to modulate stem cell response
Authors: Mendes Bárbara B. , Gómez-Florit Manuel , Osório Hugo , Vilaça Adriana , Domingues Rui M. A. , Reis Rui L. , Gomes Manuela E.
Published: May 2020

Cellulose nanocrystals can bind different patterns of platelet lysate-derived protein in a surface sulfation dependent manner. The potential to direct stem cell fate by solid-phase presentation of defined protein coronas is demonstrated.
A fluorine-substituted pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid for high-voltage Li-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Qian , Hsu Chia-Wei , Dzwiniel Trevor L. , Pupek Krzysztof Z. , Zhang Zhengcheng
Published: May 2020

Fluorinated pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imides were successfully synthesized using a facile one-step reaction by reacting fluorinated pyrrolidine with CH3FSI with high purity and yield. The new IL shows good performance in Li-ion batteries.
Phosphate ion functionalized CoP nanowire arrays for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Wang Liang , Qiao Man , Liu Jinlong
Published: May 2020

Surface engineering of transition metal phosphides via phosphate ions can achieve outstanding alkaline HER performance.
Metal-free generation of hydroxyl radicals by benzoate-mediated decomposition of peroxides
Authors: Zhang Guoyang , Lu Shuo , Zhang Chun , Wu Bingdang , Liang Yong , Chen Zhihao , Zhang Li , Zhang Shujuan
Published: May 2020

A type of metal-free organic photo-Fenton-like reaction was developed using a combination of benzoates and peroxides for efficient generation of ˙OH.
Lactic-acid enhanced solvothermal crystallization, color-tunable photoluminescence, and thermal stability of h-LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+, Sm3+ nanocrystals
Authors: Zou Junfeng , Zhu Qi , Li Ji-Guang
Published: May 2020

Color-tunable photoluminescence of h-(La0.93−xCe0.05TbxSm0.02)PO4 nanocrystals.
Strain-enhanced power conversion efficiency of a BP/SnSe van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Dou Wenzhen , Huang Anping , Ji Yuhang , Yang Xiaodong , Xin Yanbo , Shi Hongliang , Wang Mei , Xiao Zhisong , Zhou Miao , Chu Paul K.
Published: May 2020

The BP/SnSe vdW heterostructure is a promising photovoltaic materials and the power conversion efficiency can reach to 17.24%.
Impurity scattering effects on the validity of Fermi liquid theory in topological crystalline insulator SnTe (001) thin films
Authors: Hoa Le T. , Phong Tran C. , Hoi Bui D.
Published: May 2020

We study the electronic heat capacity (EHC) and the Pauli spin paramagnetic susceptibility (PSPS) of topological crystalline insulator SnTe (001) thin film in the presence of dilute charged impurities to examine the validity of Fermi liquid theory.
Integrating CuInSe2nanocrystals with polymeric carbon nitride nanorods for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Zheng Yun , Chen Yilin , Wang Lvting , Tan Mingyue , Xiao Yingying , Gao Bifen , Lin Bizhou
Published: May 2020

A p–n heterojunction photocatalyst for water splitting is constructed by incorporating CuInSe2nanocrystals with polymeric carbon nitride (CN) nanorods.
The chemical and physical properties of tetravalent lanthanides: Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy
Authors: Gompa Thaige P. , Ramanathan Arun , Rice Natalie T. , La Pierre Henry S.
Published: May 2020

The thermochemistry, descriptive chemistry, spectroscopy, and physical properties of the tetravalent lanthanides (Pr, Nd, Tb and Dy) in extended phases, gas phase, solution, and as isolable molecular complexes are presented.
2D nanosheet/3D cubic framework Ni–Co sulfides for improved supercapacitor performance via structural engineering
Authors: Zhang Qi , Shi Qiqi , Yang Ye , Zang Qian , Xiao Zhenyu , Zhang Xinghao , Wang Lei
Published: May 2020

Control construction of 2D nanosheet/3D cubic framework Ni3S2/Co3S4 for high performance supercapacitors.
Synthetic diversity and change in nuclearity in [Co–Dy] coordination aggregates: bridge removal, solvent induced structural reorganization and AC susceptibility measurements
Authors: Basak Dipmalya , van Leusen Jan , Gupta Tulika , Kögerler Paul , Ray Debashis
Published: May 2020

Solvent induced structural reorganization, trapping of hitherto unknown DyIII–pivalate counter anion and different AC susceptibility behavior in three new CoII/III–DyIII aggregates has been discussed.
Iron and iron-bound phosphate accumulate in surface soils of ice-wedge polygons in arctic tundra
Authors: Herndon Elizabeth , Kinsman-Costello Lauren , Di Domenico Nicolle , Duroe Kiersten , Barczok Maximilian , Smith Chelsea , Wullschleger Stan D.
Published: May 2020

Iron accumulation in shallow tundra soils promotes adsorption of phosphate from soil solution, sequestering high concentrations of potentially bioavailable phosphorus.
A porous organic polymer-coated permselective separator mitigating self-discharge of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Mathew Deepa Elizabeth , Gopi Sivalingam , Kathiresan Murugavel , Rani G. Jenita , Thomas Sabu , Stephan A. Manuel
Published: May 2020

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as futuristic energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density, environmental benignity, and relatively low cost.
Robust ferroelectric properties of organic croconic acid films grown on spintronically relevant substrates
Authors: Mohapatra Sambit , Da Costa Victor , Avedissian Garen , Arabski Jacek , Weber Wolfgang , Bowen Martin , Boukari Samy
Published: May 2020

Robust polarization reversibility of a croconic acid ferroelectric domain on a cobalt surface.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides via PPh3-mediated reductive coupling of thiophenols with sulfonyl chlorides
Authors: Wang Dungai , Liang Xiao , Xiong Mingteng , Zhu Heping , Zhou Yifeng , Pan Yuanjiang
Published: May 2020

Using PPh3 to introduce sulfonyl chlorides into the synthesis of asymmetric disulfides under metal- and base-free conditions.
Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) screen to identify inhibitors of Hsp60 protein–protein interactions
Authors: Shao Hao , Oltion Keely , Wu Taia , Gestwicki Jason E.
Published: May 2020

Homo-oligomers are difficult drug targets. Here, Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF) is introduced as a method to identify inhibitors of these systems, by discriminating between oligomers and monomers based on their thermal stability.
Optimized synthesis of fluorinated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrroles and new copolymers obtained via direct heteroarylation polymerization
Authors: Mamone Marius , Bura Thomas , Brassard Samuel , Soligo Eliane , He Keqiang , Li Yuning , Leclerc Mario
Published: May 2020

Optimized synthesis of fDT-DPP and related 3-fluorothiophene comonomers and application in highly fluorinated polymers obtained via direct heteroarylation polymerization.
Nanoformulation-by-design: an experimental and molecular dynamics study for polymer coated drug nanoparticles
Authors: Styliari Ioanna Danai , Taresco Vincenzo , Theophilus Andrew , Alexander Cameron , Garnett Martin , Laughton Charles
Published: May 2020

Experimental studies of drug–polymer nanoparticle formation combined with molecular dynamics simulations provide atomistic explanations for the high drug loadings obtained.
The synthesis of highly active carbon dot-coated gold nanoparticles via the room-temperature in situ carbonization of organic ligands for 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Zhu Yue , Du Juan , Peng Qianqian , Wang Fengyi , Hu Jing , Luo Yongsong , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Alzahrani Khalid Ahmed , Zheng Baozhan , Sun Xuping , Xiao Dan
Published: May 2020

Due to the serious pollution issue caused by 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), it is of great importance to design effective catalysts for its reduction.
C-Dot TiO2nanorod composite for enhanced quantum efficiency under direct sunlight
Authors: Nawaz Ahmad , Saravanan Pichiah
Published: May 2020

Watermelon rind-derived C-dots were preparedviaa facile route and decorated on Ti nanorods for enhanced electron mobilisation and visible light utilisation.
Synthetic and biochemical studies on the effect of persulfidation on disulfide dimer models of amyloid β42 at position 35 in Alzheimer's etiology
Authors: Murakami Kazuma , Kato Haruka , Hanaki Mizuho , Monobe Yoko , Akagi Ken-ichi , Kawase Taiji , Hirose Kenji , Irie Kazuhiro
Published: May 2020

Our data do not support the Aβ42 persulfidation hypothesis in Alzheimer's etiology because the neurotoxicity of the homoCys-disulfide-Aβ42 dimer was very weak.
Influence of myosin activity and mechanical impact on keratocyte polarization
Authors: Moure Adrian , Gomez Hector
Published: May 2020

We study the influence of myosin activity on cell polarization and the initiation of motion induced by mechanical impact by means of a computational model.
Impurity effects in thermal regelation
Authors: Marath Navaneeth K. , Wettlaufer J. S.
Published: May 2020

When a particle is placed in a material with a lower bulk melting temperature, intermolecular forces can lead to the existence of a “premelted” liquid film of the lower melting temperature material.
Controlling protein adsorption modes electrostatically
Authors: Dahal Yuba Raj , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: May 2020

Protein adsorption modes on charged surfaces determined by surface charge density and explicit ion concentration.
Realizing superior energy storage properties in lead-free ceramics via a macro-structure design strategy
Authors: Yan Fei , Bai Hairui , Zhou Xiaofeng , Ge Guanglong , Li Guohui , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei
Published: May 2020

Ultra-high Wrec (6.78 J cm−3) and η (89.7%) can be achieved simultaneously in lead-free ceramics via a macro-structure design strategy.
Lewis acid/base approach for efficacious defect passivation in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Shurong , Wang Aili , Deng Xiaoyu , Xie Lisha , Xiao Andong , Li Chengbo , Xiang Yong , Li Tingshuai , Ding Liming , Hao Feng
Published: May 2020

The Lewis acid/base passivation strategy and its effects on energy level alignment, recombination kinetics, hysteresis behavior and operational stability for efficient perovskite solar cells are comprehensively reviewed.
Lattice-tailored low-temperature processed electron transporting materials boost the open-circuit voltage of planar CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells up to 1.654 V
Authors: Xu Yafeng , Duan Jialong , Yang Xiya , Du Jian , Wang Yudi , Duan Yanyan , Tang Qunwei
Published: May 2020

The electron-transporting layer (ETL) plays a non-negligible role in determining the charge extraction and transfer behaviors from perovskite films under solar irradiation for high efficiency perovskite solar cells.
Hexametaphosphate as a potential therapy for the dissolution and prevention of kidney stones
Authors: Robinson Thomas E. , Hughes Erik A. B. , Wiseman Oliver J. , Stapley Sarah A. , Cox Sophie C. , Grover Liam M.
Published: May 2020

Hexametaphosphate prevents aggregation and dissolves kidney stones an order of magnitude more effectively than the current therapy, citrate.
An artificial protein-probe hybrid as a responsive probe for ratiometric detection and imaging of hydrogen peroxide in cells
Authors: Zhang Xing , Fu Youxin , Qian Guangren , Zhang Run , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: May 2020

A novel fluorescent protein-probe hybrid was devised for ratiometric detection and imaging of intracellular H2O2 with high sensitivity and selectivity.
The unique evolution of transport bands and thermoelectric performance enhancement by extending low-symmetry phase to high temperature in tin selenide
Authors: Peng Kunling , Zhang Bo , Wu Hong , Che Hailiang , Sun Xuefeng , Ying Jianjun , Wang Guiwen , Sun Zhe , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Chen Xianhui
Published: May 2020

The unique evolution of transport bands with the occurrence of two bands above 600 K and the extending low-symmetry phase regime synergistically enhance thermoelectric performance in SnSe based single crystals.
Scalable self-supported FeNi3/Mo2C flexible paper for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption evaluated via coaxial, waveguide and arch methods
Authors: Wu Chen , Bi Kai , Yan Mi
Published: May 2020

Scalable self-supported FeNi3/Mo2C flexible paper with satisfactory impedance matching and multiple loss mechanisms to allow excellent wave absorption performance.
Epitaxtial lift-off for freestanding InGaN/GaN membranes and vertical blue light-emitting-diodes
Authors: Jiang Jian , Dong Jianqi , Wang Baoyu , He Chenguang , Zhao Wei , Chen Zhitao , Zhang Kang , Wang Xingfu
Published: May 2020

An electrochemical etching method was utilized to fabricate freestanding InGaN/GaN membranes, and vertical blue LEDs with excellent light emission properties were then demonstrated.
Low-threshold amplification of spontaneous emission from AgInS2 quantum dots
Authors: Xiong Qian , Yang Jinlong , Ding Huaiyi , Du Juan , Tang Xiaosheng , Shi Tongchao , Liu Zhengzheng , Wu Daofu , Lin Hao , Leng Yuxin
Published: May 2020

Amplification of spontaneous emission from AgInS2 quantum dots with low threshold is demonstrated at room temperature.
Pentraxin 3 promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang Hui , Zhou Xiao-zhe , Li Ning , Guo Yi-chao , Chen Tao-ping
Published: May 2020

Osteoblast cells are responsible for synthesizing new bone tissue, and determining how to control osteoblastic differentiation is vital to the treatment of osteoporosis. In the present study, we show that pentraxin 3 (PTX3) signaling is involved in the regulation of osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Our data reveal that PTX3 is abundantly expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells and that its expression is inducible by the introduction of osteogenic induction medium (OIM). Overexpression of PTX3 was observed to significantly increase the expression of four osteoblast signature genes, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osterix (OSX), suggesting that the overexpression of PTX3 promotes osteoblastic differentiation. The relative level of gene expression between OIM and OIM plus overexpressed PTX3 was evaluated using the Affymetrix Gene Chip® mouse gene microarray. PTX3-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Gene ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was primarily involved in the osteogenic differentiation of PTX3. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) were also constructed, and the molecular complex detection (MCODE) plugin calculated modules of PPI networks. Moreover, we show that the effect of PTX3 is mediated by its induction of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we show that the action of PTX3 requires the activation of PI3K and Akt, and deactivation of PI3K by its inhibitor LY294002 weakens the PTX3-mediated induction of osteoblast signature genes, ALP and matrix mineralization. The present study revealed a new role played by PTX3 and suggest a potential mechanism governing the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
Clinical Implementation of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Aphasia: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Keator Lynsey M. , Basilakos Alexandra , Rorden Christopher , Elm Jordan , Bonilha Leonardo , Fridriksson Julius
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The objectives of this study are to (a) identify speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') familiarity with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (b) quantify what SLPs consider necessary tDCS-related improvement in aphasia severity (i.e., tDCS enhancement; desired improvement above and beyond traditional behavioral therapy) to implement this adjuvant therapy for the clinical management of aphasia, and (c) identify concerns that could potentially hinder the clinical adoption of tDCS.

Method

A brief (14-question) survey was disseminated via e-mail and social media outlets targeting SLPs working with individuals with aphasia.

Results

Two hundred twenty-one individuals responded, and 155 valid surveys were analyzed. Seventy-one percent of participants reported familiarity with tDCS prior to taking the survey. Clinicians reported a desired mean enhancement of 22.9% additional points on the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised Aphasia Quotient. Importantly, 94.2% of SLPs reported concerns regarding the implementation of tDCS in clinical settings (i.e., safety, cost, administrative approval, reimbursement and training).

Conclusions

This is the first study to identify SLPs' perspectives regarding the clinical adoption of tDCS. Results suggest the majority of queried SLPs were familiar with tDCS prior to taking the survey. Although SLPs report a desired improvement of approximately 23% additional points on the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised Aphasia Quotient to consider adopting tDCS into practice, many SLPs reported concerns regarding clinical adoption. Responses from the current survey offer important preliminary evidence to begin bridging the research-to-practice gap as it relates to the clinical implementation of tDCS. Relatedly, these results will inform future clinical trials.