bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização dos resíduos gerados na Ceasa paulistana sob a ótica da saúde ambiental e segurança alimentar
Authors: Câmara Fabiane Mendes da , Gomes Caroline de Barros , Matuk Tatiana Tenorio , Szarfarc Sophia Cornbluth
Published: January 2018

A intensificação da produção de alimentos e sua distribuição sem planejamento adequado podem ocasionar diversos impactos à saúde ambiental e à segurança alimentar. Dentre eles, a geração de resíduos alimentares tornou-se um desafio a ser enfrentado por toda a sociedade. A concentração física de grande parte da produção agrícola brasileira de frutas, hortaliças, pescado e flores para a distribuição, comercialização e abastecimento da população ocorre no Entreposto Terminal de São Paulo (ETSP) da CEAGESP. Objetivou-se neste estudo caracterizar os resíduos gerados no ETSP da CEAGESP, suas origens, destinações e possíveis formas de preveni-los por meio da análise de dados secundários dos anos 2012 e 2013 da instituição estudada. As conclusões apontam que, apesar da crescente preocupação com o gerenciamento dos resíduos agrícolas, eles ainda ocorrem expressivamente, sendo aconselhável fomentar políticas públicas que incentivem o reaproveitamento de alimentos e insumos visando à redução do desperdício e dos impactos socioambientais.
Estado nutricional de adolescentes do sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Rossetti Francini Xavier , Stolarski Marcia Cristina , Schmidt Suely Teresinha
Published: January 2018

A adolescência é um período importante do desenvolvimento humano, uma vez que várias mudanças somáticas, psicológicas e sociais ocorrem visando estabelecer características do adulto. Existe consenso científico sobre a probabilidade de adolescentes obesos tornarem-se adultos obesos, com risco maior de associação a outras comorbidades, como hipertensão, dislipidemias e Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional de adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas estaduais em nove municípios do sudoeste do estado do Paraná (Brasil). A pesquisa foi do tipo transversal, envolvendo uma amostra de conveniência composta por 1.198 adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Os indicadores estabelecidos para avaliação do estado nutricional foram altura para idade e índice de massa corporal. Comparação de prevalência de excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) por faixa etária e sexo foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado, assumindo p<0,05 como nível de significância. Os testes de correlação de Pearson e de Spearman foram realizados para examinar a existência de associação entre indicadores socioeconômicos municipais (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, IDH-M, Índice de Pobreza Humana Municipal, IPH-M e Índice de Gini) e o estado nutricional dos adolescentes. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 18,3%; na faixa etária dos 10 aos 14 anos, 19,7% e entre os 15 e 19 anos, 13,6% (p=0,03). Entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino e feminino a prevalência de excesso de peso foi: de 20,2% e 16,7%, respectivamente (p=0,15). Foram descritos os níveis e tendências de excesso de peso segundo os indicadores socioeconômicos municipais, porém, não foram encontrados valores significativos. A investigação de um modelo conceitual que auxilie a compreensão dos determinantes do excesso de peso em adolescentes é de fundamental importância, objetivando contribuir para a apreensão do problema em níveis tanto populacionais como regionais e definir ações e políticas públicas voltadas para o controle e prevenção nesta fase da vida.
Avaliação antropométrica e análise do consumo alimentar de universitários da Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas – UNICAMP
Authors: Miranda Mayara Lilian Paulino , Kamiji Mayra Mayumi , Torezzan Cristiano , Antunes Adriane Elisabete Costa
Published: January 2018

Somadas a situações próprias da adolescência, mudanças oriundas do ingresso no meio universitário, como modificações no padrão alimentar, na prática de atividade física e no consumo de álcool e cigarros podem interferir nas condições nutricionais desse grupo. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar dos estudantes ingressantes na Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA) da UNICAMP, verificando a hipótese de que há um melhor padrão alimentar nos cursos da área da saúde em comparação a cursos de outras áreas. O estudo avaliou uma amostra de 351 alunos dos diversos cursos da instituição, por meio da coleta de medidas antropométricas: peso e altura, circunferência da cintura e quadril. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário de frequência alimentar aos estudantes, que foi avaliado de acordo com o recomendado pela Pirâmide Alimentar Brasileira. Observou-se que há um baixo consumo de hortaliças e de frutas entre alunos ingressantes na FCA e, ao contrário do que se esperava com o presente trabalho, os alunos dos cursos da área da saúde, Ciências do Esporte e Nutrição, não apresentaram uma melhor adequação quanto ao consumo alimentar; contudo, apresentaram menor taxa de obesidade em comparação aos cursos de outras áreas, como Engenharia e Gestão.
Diagnóstico de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional entre beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família participantes de oficina de intervenção nutricional
Authors: Monteiro Elma Lúcia de Freitas , Souza Cassília Rodrigues de , Pinho Lucinéia de
Published: January 2018

Este estudo buscou descrever a situação de segurança alimentar e nutricional vivenciada por beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família do Município de Montes Claros (Minas Gerais) participantes de uma oficina de intervenção nutricional. Foram entrevistados 72 beneficiários e obtidas informações sobre idade, renda, escolaridade situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional, consumo alimentar, avaliação do serviço de saúde, conhecimentos em nutrição e estado nutricional. Foi adotada a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional – com 15 questões que refletem a insegurança alimentar em diferentes níveis. Todas as famílias apresentaram algum grau de Insegurança Alimentar, sendo 48,6%, leve, 34,7%, média e 16,7%, grave. A maioria dos beneficiários (53,5%) classificados com insegurança média apresentou estado nutricional inadequado. Foi verificado o consumo inadequado dos grupos das verduras e legumes (52,6%), leguminosas (53,8%) e cereais (51,6) e sua relação com a insegurança alimentar. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de implementação de Políticas Públicas que favoreçam a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis.
Uso e interpretação das razões de concentração e sua aplicação à análise da insegurança alimentar no Brasil
Authors: Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: January 2018

O uso crescente das curvas de concentração e das razões de concentração em pesquisas sobre problemas de saúde pública torna oportuno analisar cuidadosamente esses instrumentos de análise estatística. Após uma breve introdução, a seção principal deste artigo procura apresentar com clareza as curvas de concentração e as respectivas razões de concentração, mostrando que elas não são, em geral, medidas de desigualdade de uma distribuição. São criticadas duas propostas de “corrigir” as razões de concentração. Nas seções seguintes esses instrumentos são utilizados para analisar a concentração da insegurança alimentar no Brasil, em relação à renda, com dados de 2004, 2009 e 2013. Não se observa mudança substancial do grau dessa concentração no período analisado. Mostra-se que a concentração da insegurança alimentar nos pobres é mais intensa na área urbana do que na área rural. Analisando os dados por região do país, verifica-se que essa concentração é mais intensa nas regiões relativamente ricas do Centro-Sul do que nas duas regiões mais pobres: Norte e Nordeste.
Qualidade microbiológica de farinhas de trigo (Triticum aestivum) comercializadas na cidade de Cascavel (Paraná)
Authors: Moura Alexandre Carvalho de , Tasca Aletha Caroline , Pinto Fabiana Gisele da Silva , Soares Izabel Aparecida , Assumpção Rosangela Botinha
Published: January 2018

Os cereais, em especial a farinha de trigo, são alimentos passíveis de contaminação por diferentes agentes etiológicos. O controle das condições de higiene é um dos meios para evitar conseqüências graves para a saúde humana. Com esta preocupação objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de farinhas de trigo comercializadas nos principais supermercados da cidade de Cascavel (PR). Para tanto, amostras de cinco marcas de farinha denominadas como A, B, C, D, e E mais comercializadas na cidade de Cascavel, foram coletadas e submetidas a avaliação microbiológica para detectar Coliformes totais, pela técnica dos tubos múltiplos do Número Mais Provável. A contagem de fungos filamentosos e de leveduras foi realizada por plaqueamento em ágar batata dextrose. De acordo com os dados analisados pelo teste de Tukey a 5%, a marca E difere das demais quanto a variável coliformes totais. Não foi detectada a presença do contaminante Salmonella, em nenhuma das marcas analisadas. No entanto, foi verificada a presença de bolor e levedura na totalidade das amostras analisadas. Conclui-se que as marcas avaliadas das amostras de farinhas estavam de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos recomendados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária.
Resolución colaborativa de problemas lógicos en condiciones de simetría y asimetría cognitiva
Authors: Castellaro Mariano , Roselli Néstor
Published: January 2018

Se estudió la interacción verbal colaborativa en díadas simétricas y asimétricas desde el punto de vista de la competencia cognitiva específica individual. La interacción fue analizada tanto en sus aspectos cognitivos como no-cognitivos. Participaron 19 díadas (38 sujetos) de quinto y sexto grado de escolaridad primaria. En una primera fase los sujetos resolvieron individualmente una serie de problemas lógicos, con el fin de determinar el nivel de competencia inicial. En función de los resultados, se conformaron díadas simétricas (ambos sujetos de baja competencia) y asimétricas (un sujeto de baja competencia con un sujeto de alta competencia), las cuales, en una segunda fase, resolvieron colaborativamente una serie equivalente de problemas. La interacción colaborativa de las díadas se analizó por un sistema categorial de tres niveles inclusivos: (1) si los mensajes eran cognitivos o no-cognitivos; (2) si éstos eran, a su vez, afirmaciones, preguntas o respuestas; (3) si las afirmaciones y respuestas (ambas cognitivas) eran argumentadas o no. Según los resultados generales, la asimetría de competencia epistémica se asoció con un desequilibrio, a favor del sujeto de mayor competencia, en los volúmenes generales de mensajes y de afirmaciones cognitivas, sobre todo argumentadas (no así en el resto de las categorías). En las díadas con simetría de competencia epistémica se observó un intercambio equitativo en todas las categorías. Un análisis complementario, consistente en la identificación de diferenciaciones casuísticas más sutiles relativas a las modalidades de interacción, evidenció tipos diádicos específicos dentro de las tendencias generales señaladas. 
Modernization of Arab Linguistic Sciences in Modern Age
Authors: Mohd. Shamsuddin Salahuddin , Hj. Ahmad Siti Sara Binti
Published: January 2018

Arabic was the language of philosophy, logic, Islamic sciences and rhetorical linguistic sciences. It was used in the writing of all sciences generally and became the language of world culture. Although the other languages of the Islamic world had a little share, but all peoples of Islamic countries; Arabs and non-Arabs, Muslims and non-Muslims attributed to that movement appreciated. Hence, Arab sciences flourished in their bright ages. Arabic language was a cultural container of the ancient Greek and Latin intellectual heritage. As the ancient Greek and Latin sciences and literatures were translated into Arabic in the bright ages of Islam. Arab language was a strong bond for them, as a common human heritage for the centuries to save it from being lost, as Muslims used it to develop their sciences and arts, as Muslims in the East used the Western sciences and literatures in the modern age, because they are not Eastern or Western, but the common efforts of all humanity. Arabic language opened for the dictionaries ​​and other tongues of cross-fertilization, civil friction and simulation. Arabic had become the language of sciences: mathematics, astronomy, engineering, logic, philosophy, mysticism, agriculture, industry and economics by the continuous efforts of scientists in their scientific research, invention, experimentation, knowledge collection and classification in various fields, where orientalists recognized the Arab leadership. That scientific and literary civilization moved to Europe through Italy, Andalusia, Crusades and the Ottoman Caliphate. Europeans learned Arabic language, literature and sciences in the centers of Toledo, Fez and cities of Maghreb.
Editorial. El espacio de los editores: Nutrición Hospitalaria en 2017
Authors: Moreno Villares José Manuel
Published: January 2018

No hay
Harvesting Fertilized Rye Cover Crop: Simulated Revenue, Net Energy, and Drainage Nitrogen Loss
Authors: Malone R. W. , Obrycki J. F. , Karlen D. L. , Ma L. , Kaspar T. C. , Jaynes D. B. , Parkin T. B. , Lence S. H. , Feyereisen G. W. , Fang Q. X. , Richard T. L. , Gillette K.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Fertilizing winter rye increased estimated revenue and harvestable biomass.

Fertilizing winter rye increased net energy production.

Harvesting fertilized winter rye reduced simulated drainage N loss.

Rye revenue in response to fertilizer rate plateaued at approximately 120 kg N ha−1.

Field studies are needed to evaluate fertilized/harvested rye cover crop.

Harvesting fertilized rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop has been suggested as a method to increase producer revenue and biofuel feedstock production, but drainage N loss impacts are currently unknown. Using the tested Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) across several N rates, spring application of 120 kg N ha‐1 prior to winter rye harvest reduced drainage N loss by 54% compared with no cover crop and by 18% compared with planted rye that was neither fertilized nor harvested. Estimates of producer revenue and net energy were also positive, with 8.3 Mg ha‐1 of harvested rye biomass. If confirmed by field studies, these results suggest that double‐cropping fertilized rye is a promising strategy to increase producer revenue, increase net energy production, and reduce drainage N loss.
Influence of Vegetation on Long‐term Phosphorus Sequestration in Subtropical Treatment Wetlands
Authors: Bhomia R. K. , Reddy K. R.
Published: January 2018

Sustainable operation of a treatment wetland depends on its continued treatment of influent water to achieve desired outflow water quality targets. Water treatment or nutrient reduction is attained by a combination of biotic and abiotic processes. We studied one of the world's largest treatment wetlands established to revive the Florida Everglades from impacts of excessive phosphorus (P) inputs. Phosphorus retained in the treatment wetlands is sequestered within the accumulated material via biotic and abiotic pathways that are influenced by the existing wetland vegetation. Recently accreted soils (RAS) provide a major sink for stored P, and long‐term P removal efficiency of treatment wetlands is governed by the stability of accreted P because more stable P pools are less susceptible to mobilization and loss. We quantified reactive P (extracted with acid and alkali) and nonreactive P (not extracted with acid and alkali) pools in wetland soils by using an operationally defined P fractionation scheme and assessed the effect of emergent vs. submerged vegetation communities on stability of sequestered P. Reactive P comprised 63 to 79% of total P in wetland soils without a clear difference between two vegetation groups. The quantities of reactive P forms (inorganic vs. organic P) were significantly different between two vegetation types. A higher proportion of reactive P was stored as organic P in flocculent detrital organic matter (floc) and RAS under emergent vegetation (46–47% total P) in comparison with submerged vegetation (21–34% total P). The dominant P removal pathway in the submerged vegetation system was associated with calcium whereas plant uptake and peat burial appeared to be the main pathway in the emergent vegetation system.

Core Ideas

Nutrient reduction in treatment wetlands is attained by biotic and abiotic processes.

Wetland vegetation communities play an important role in P removal pathways.

Recently accreted soil (RAS) serves as the primary sink for retained P.

Proportion of reactive P is higher in RAS than in underlying native soils.
Reducing Arsenic Concentration in Panax notoginseng via Contaminant Immobilization in Soil Using Fe–Ce Oxide
Authors: Lin Longyong , Zhong Lirong , Yan Xiulan , Fei Yang
Published: January 2018

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, a valuable Chinese medicine, is currently confronted with arsenic (As) contamination in China due to soil pollution. Our previous research demonstrated that Fe(0) and zeolite had a certain inhibitory effect on As accumulation in P. notoginseng. In order to further reduce As accumulation in the plant, a synthetic iron material (Fe–Ce oxide [FC]) with high As adsorption capacity was tested for As remediation. In the study, after FC was applied to the As‐contaminated soil, Panax notoginseng was planted in the soil. The As leaching behavior of the treated soil and As accumulation in P. notoginseng were evaluated. The results showed that FC immobilized As more effectively than Fe(0) and zeolite in soils with high As concentrations. When the FC dosage was 0.5 % (w/w), As concentration of P. notoginseng root (the main medicinal part) decreased by 56%, and root biomass increased by 55%. Results indicated FC could reduce the non‐specifically adsorbed As fraction (F1) and specifically adsorbed As fraction (F2) by 22 to 31% and 5 to 17%, respectively, thus reducing the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure leachable As concentration by 41 to 67%. The finding of an iron plaque coating on the plant root and its function as a barrier to As uptake by P. notoginseng is reported here for the first time. The occurrence of iron plaque led to a reduction in As concentration in the phellem and xylem–phloem by 66 to 80% and 43 to 70%, respectively. Our findings will help in developing As contamination control in areas where P. notoginseng is planted and set a foundation for a FC‐based As immobilization technology.

Core Ideas

Application of Fe–Ce oxide could guarantee Panax notoginseng growth and reduce its As uptake.

Fe–Ce oxide could immobilize more available As in soil to reduce the amount of plant‐absorbable As.

Iron plaque on the root was an important barrier for As uptake by Panax notoginseng.

Durable effect of As immobilization by Fe–Ce oxide was better than previous reported amendments.
Enhancement of Germination, Seedling Growth, and Oxidative Metabolism of Barley under Simulated Acid Rain Stress by Exogenous Trehalose
Authors: Ding Feng , Wang Ruiming , Wang Tengfei
Published: January 2018

This study investigated the effects of simulated acid rain on germination, seedling growth, and oxidative metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley seeds were separately soaked in trehalose solutions of 5, 10, and 15 mM concentration or distilled water (the control). Results showed inhibited seed germination, increased foliar damage, decreased chlorophyll content, damaged roots, and delayed seedlings growth in barley when exposed to acid rain at pH 3.0. Although the treatment with acid rain increased the activities of peroxidase, catalase, and plasma membrane H+‐ATPase, membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content still increased significantly. However, the addition of exogenous trehalose significantly alleviated the negative effect of acid rain on growth inhibition of barley and increased total leaf chlorophyll due to an increase of chlorophyll a content. Trehalose also increased catalase and peroxidase activity, which led to an increase in the antioxidant capacity and a balance in production and scavenging of free radicals. Plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activities of roots and leaves also increased with trehalose and maintained stable pH of the cytoplasm of roots and leaf cells under low pH. The 10 mM trehalose pretreatment was enough to alleviative the negative effects of acid rain in barley.
Environmental Stability of Carbohydrate Profiles in Different Soybean Genotypes
Authors: Jo Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Dong , Bilyeu Kristin D.
Published: January 2018

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important annual crop. The raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) raffinose and stachyose are antinutritional carbohydrates present in soybean seeds. Consumption of soybean seed products with low RFO reduced flatulence in humans and increased metabolizable energy efficiency in chickens, pigs, and dogs. The development of soybean cultivars producing high metabolizable energy with low antinutritional factors in the seed is one avenue to increase soybean value. The soybean line PI 200508 with low RFO content was previously characterized to have a reduction of seed raffinose synthase enzyme activity. A variant allele of the raffinose synthase 2 gene (RS2) with a 3‐bp deletion leading to the elimination of a single conserved amino acid residue (RS2, rs2W331−) in PI 200508 was associated with the seed RFO phenotype. Another missense allele of RS2 and variant alleles of the RS3 gene have been identified. The objective of this study was to determine the environmental stability of the carbohydrate profiles for soybean lines containing different allele combinations of two key raffinose synthase (RS2 and RS3) genes in two locations over 2 yr. Although this study was conducted with different genetic backgrounds, the results indicated that the carbohydrate profile in soybean seed is mostly determined by RS2 and RS3 genotype, and galactinol and sucrose content were mainly affected by environmental factors. Genotype was the major factor for the RFO content in soybean seeds, and soybean lines with the rs2W331− allele of RS2 were the most stable for sucrose and RFOs over four environments. A novel genetic combination of RS2 and RS3 alleles demonstrated the importance of multiple variant alleles contributing to seed raffinose synthase activity.
Modeling open channel flow resistance with dune bedform via heuristic and nonlinear approaches
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Alami Mohammad Taghi , Saghebian Seyed Mahdi
Published: January 2018

Flow resistance in open channels with dune bedform is a substantial issue due to the influence of dunes on the hydraulic roughness, which can affect the performance of hydraulic constructions. There are a number of nonlinear approaches that have been developed to predict the roughness coefficient in alluvial channels, such as developed equations based on the mean velocity or shear stresses. However, due to the multitude of factors influencing roughness, establishing an accurate determination of the roughness coefficient is difficult. This study applies gene expression programing (GEP) and nonlinear approaches to predict the Manning's coefficient in dune bedform channels. Four different experimental data series were used for modeling. In order to develop the models, three scenarios with different input combinations were considered: scenario 1 considers only flow characteristics, scenario 2 considers flow and bedform characteristics, and scenario 3 considers flow and sediment characteristics. The results proved that GEP is capable of predicting the Manning's coefficient. It was found that for estimation of the roughness coefficient in dune bedform channels, scenario 3 performed more successfully than others. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Reynolds number plays a key role in the modeling process. Comparisons between GEP models and existing equations indicated that GEP models yield better results.
Pharmaceuticals in processing of municipal sewage sludge studied by grab and passive sampling
Authors: Lindholm-Lehto Petra C. , Ahkola Heidi S. J. , Knuutinen Juha S.
Published: January 2018

Concentrations of pharmaceuticals, consisting of four anti-inflammatory and one antiepileptic drug, were studied in the aqueous and solid phase of municipal sewage sludge, collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in central Finland. The samples included untreated municipal sludge from the biological wastewater treatment, digested sludge and sludge before and after composting. First, samples were taken as grab samples to study the bioavailable part in aqueous phase but also the part in solid fraction. Later, the long-term concentrations were studied by passive sampling with styrene divinylbenzene-reverse phase sulfonated (SDB-RPS) disks. In the untreated solid sludge, the concentrations of carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen were 0.5 ng g−1, 26 ng g−1, 29 ng g−1, 250 ng g−1, and 13 ng g−1, while in liquid phase they were 5.6 ng L−1, 200 ng L−1, 210 ng L−1, 35 ng L−1, and 55 ng L−1, respectively. Concentrations decreased with the treatment steps but substantial amounts still occured even after the final stage. The results show that current sludge treatment cannot fully remove pharmaceuticals, leaving varying concentrations after each stage. Additionally, the results suggest that SDB-RPS disks are suitable for sampling and quantification of the bioavailable fraction of pharmaceuticals in municipal sludge.
Rainwater harvesting as an alternative for water supply in regions with high water stress
Authors: Zavala Miguel Ángel López , Prieto Mónica José Cruz , Rojas Cristina Alejandra Rojas
Published: January 2018

In this study, the reliability of using rainwater harvesting to cover the water demand of a transportation logistics company located in Mexico City was assessed. Water consumption in facilities and buildings of the company was determined. Rainwater potentially harvestable from the roofs and maneuvering yard of the company was estimated based on a statistical analysis of the rainfall. Based on these data, potential water saving was determined. Characterization of rainwater was carried out to determine the treatment necessities for each water source. Additionally, the capacity of water storage tanks was estimated. For the selected treatment systems, an economic assessment was conducted to determine the viability of the alternative proposed. Results showed that current water demand of the company can be totally covered by using rainwater. The scenario where roof and maneuvering yard rainwater was collected and treated together resulted in being more economic than the scenarios where roof and maneuvering yard rainwater was collected and treated separately. Implementation of the rainwater harvesting system will generate important economic benefits for the company. The investment will be amortized in only 5 years and the NPV will be on the order of US$ 5,048.3, the IRR of 5.7%, and the B/I of 1.9.
Gastric Aspiration and Its Role in Airway Inflammation
Authors: Hunt E.B. , Sullivan A. , Galvin J. , MacSharry J. , Murphy D.M.
Published: January 2018

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux (GOR) has been associated with chronic airway diseases while the passage of foreign matter into airways and lungs through aspiration has the potential to initiate a wide spectrum of pulmonary disorders. The clinical syndrome resulting from such aspiration will depend both on the quantity and nature of the aspirate as well as the individual host response. Aspiration of gastric fluids may cause damage to airway epithelium, not only because acidity is toxic to bronchial epithelial cells but also due to the effect of digestive enzymes such as pepsin and bile salts. Experimental models have shown that direct instillation of these factors to airways epithelia cause damage with a consequential inflammatory response. The pathophysiology of these responses is gradually being dissected, with better understanding of acute gastric aspiration injury, a major cause of acute lung injury, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention and potentially, ultimately, improved understanding of the chronic airway response to aspiration. Ultimately, clarification of the inflammatory pathways which are related to micro-aspirationviapepsin and bile acid salts may eventually progress to pharmacological intervention and surgical studies to assess the clinical benefits of such therapies in driving symptom improvement or reducing disease progression.
A Preliminary Study on the Physical Properties of an Alternative Coarse Aggregate Made with Red Soil and Fly Ash
Authors: Winsley J. Bright Brabin , Muthukannan M.
Published: January 2018

Background and Objective:

The demand for course aggregate is increasing every day. Natural aggregate used for ordinary concrete is obtained by quarrying, which cause serious environmental issues. An alternate course aggregate is needed for sustainable development. The objective of this research is to produce an alternative course aggregate in combination with soil available locally near site along with fly ash, to test its properties to make it fit for concrete.

Method:

An alternative coarse aggregate is produced from red soil and fly ash mixed at various ratios, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, fresh aggregate granules of different sizes less than 10mm is prepared using hand press, the aggregates were sundried in shade for 24hours, oven dried at 110°C, burned in Muffle furnace at temperature of 950°C and cooled gradually to reach room temperature. After the production, the specific gravity, bulk density, water absorption, Impact and aggregate crushing of the aggregates were tested.

Result:

Test results showed that aggregates produced are of lesser specific gravity, density with relatively appreciable impact value and crushing value.

Conclusion:

The test results show that the aggregates produced can be used in construction as replacement for natural aggregates.
Sociodemographic Characteristics Of The Over-The-Counter Drug Users In Serbia
Authors: Natasa Mihailovic , Radovanovic Snezana , Vasiljevic Dragan , Kocic Sanja , Jakovljevic Mihajlo
Published: January 2018

Background:

The analysis of socio-demographic factors on the use of over-the-counter drugs for self-medication and over the counter drugs such as vitamins and minerals for boosting the immune system.

Objective:

The objective is to look into socio-demographic factors of the interviewees who use Over-the-Counter drugs.

Methods:

Data obtained through the results of the National health survey of the Republic of Serbia 2013. Dependent variable was transformed such a way that vitamins and herbal medicaments for strengthening the body were merged into one group preparations for boosting the immune system and drugs for self-treatment into the group preparations for self-medication.

Results:

The interviewees more often use OTC for boosting the immune system rather that OTC for self-medication. Women and highly educated people use OTC preparations more often. Unemployed people coming from rural areas use OTC preparations less often. People who have primary education buy OTC products for boosting the immune system significantly more often in comparison to highly educated people (OR = 3.95), but they use OTC drugs for self-medication less frequently (OR = 0.25). The poorest interviewees buy OTC drugs for self-medication twice times less often than the rich, respectively, but they buy OTC vitamins and other immunoregulators 1.4 times more often than the rich, respectively.

Conclusion:

Highly educated, rich and people coming from developed regions very often buy OTC drugs for self-medication, while poor, less educated people coming from undeveloped regions more often buy OTC preparations for boosting the immune system.
LAS RUINAS DE VERACRUZ Y SUS ERMITAS. SUTIABA, LEÓN-NICARAGUA
Authors: Quinto Fernández Silvia
Published: January 2018

La investigación sobre Las Ruinas de la Iglesia de Veracruz y sus Ermitas, como lo señala el Arq. Barahona Portocarrero, es un homenaje al pueblo aborigen de Sutiaba, hoy barrio de la ciudad de León, capital histórica de Nicaragua, donde sus pobladores han desarrollado a partir de las especificidades geográficas, climáticas y sísmicas del espacio que habitan diversas manifestaciones culturales ...
What Is Being Used and Who Is Using It: Barriers to the Adoption of Smartphone Patient Experience Surveys (Preprint)
Authors: Ng Denise , McMurray Josephine , Wallace James , Morita Plinio
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Smartphones are positioned to transform the way health care services gather patient experience data through advanced mobile survey apps which we refer to as smart surveys. In comparison with traditional methods of survey data capture, smartphone sensing survey apps have the capacity to elicit multidimensional, in situ user experience data in real time with unprecedented detail, responsiveness, and accuracy.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the context and circumstances under which patients are willing to use their smartphones to share data on their service experiences.

METHODS

We conducted in-person, semistructured interviews (N=24) with smartphone owners to capture their experiences, perceptions, and attitudes toward smart surveys.

RESULTS

Analysis examining perceived risk revealed a few barriers to use; however, major potential barriers to adoption were the identity of recipients, reliability of the communication channel, and potential for loss of agency. The results demonstrate that the classical dimensions of perceived risk raised minimal concerns for the use of smartphones to collect patient service experience feedback. However, trust in the doctor-patient relationship, the reliability of the communication channel, the altruistic motivation to contribute to health service quality for others, and the risk of losing information agency were identified as determinants in the patients’ adoption of smart surveys.

CONCLUSIONS

On the basis of these findings, we provide recommendations for the design of smart surveys in practice and suggest a need for privacy design tools for voluntary, health-related technologies.
Investigating the Direct Impact of a Gamified Versus Nongamified Well-Being Intervention: An Exploratory Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Kelders Saskia Marion , Sommers-Spijkerman Marion , Goldberg Jochem
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Gamification is a promising strategy to increase the effectiveness of Web-based mental health interventions by enhancing engagement. However, because most studies focus on the longer term effects of gamification (eg, effectiveness or adherence at the end of the intervention period), there is limited insight into how gamification may enhance engagement. Research implies that gamification has a direct impact at the time of use of the intervention, which changes the experience of the users, and thereby motivates users. However, it is unclear what this direct impact of gamification might be and how it can be measured.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore the direct impact of gamification on behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement in the context of a Web-based mental health intervention and to explore whether and how the different components of engagement are related.

METHODS

A pilot (n=19) and a real-life (n=75) randomized between-groups experiment was carried out, where participants used a gamified or nongamified version of the same Web-based well-being intervention for a single session. Participants (68%, 64/94 female, mean age 23 years) were asked to use the intervention in one session for research purposes. Gamification elements included a map as visualization of the different lessons, a virtual guide, and badges. Later, behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement were measured.

RESULTS

The pilot experiment showed no differences between the gamified and nongamified intervention. However, in the real-life experiment, participants in the gamified intervention scored higher on cognitive engagement, that is, involvement (P=.02) and some elements of affective engagement, that is, flow as a combination of cognitive and affective engagement (P=.049), and the emotions ”interest” (P=.03) and “inspiration” (P=.009). Furthermore, the effect of gamification on cognitive engagement was mediated by the influence of gamification on specific positive emotions.

CONCLUSIONS

The gamified intervention seemed to be able to increase cognitive engagement and the combination of cognitive and affective engagement but not behavioral and affective engagement alone. However, positive emotions seem to play an important role in mediating the effect of gamification on engagement. In conclusion, we cannot say that gamification ”works” but that the design of an intervention, in this case, gamification, can have an impact on how participants experience the intervention.
Recovery After Psychosis: Qualitative Study of Service User Experiences of Lived Experience Videos on a Recovery-Oriented Website (Preprint)
Authors: Williams Anne , Fossey Ellie , Farhall John , Foley Fiona , Thomas Neil
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Digital interventions offer an innovative way to make the experiences of people living with mental illness available to others. As part of the Self-Management And Recovery Technology (SMART) research program on the use of digital resources in mental health services, an interactive website was developed including videos of people with lived experience of mental illness discussing their recovery. These peer videos were designed to be watched on a tablet device with a mental health worker, or independently.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to explore how service users experienced viewing the lived experience videos on this interactive website, as well as its influence on their recovery journey.

METHODS

In total, 36 service users with experience of using the website participated in individual semistructured qualitative interviews. All participants had experience of psychosis. Data analysis occurred alongside data collection, following principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology.

RESULTS

According to participants, engaging with lived experience videos was a pivotal experience of using the website. Participants engaged with peers through choosing and watching the videos and reflecting on their own experience in discussions that opened up with a mental health worker. Benefits of seeing others talking about their experience included “being inspired,” “knowing I’m not alone,” and “believing recovery is possible.” Experiences of watching the videos were influenced by the participants’ intrapersonal context, particularly their ways of coping with life and use of technology. The interpersonal context of watching the videos with a worker, who guided website use and facilitated reflection, enriched the experience.

CONCLUSIONS

Engaging with lived experience videos was powerful for participants, contributing to their feeling connected and hopeful. Making websites with lived experience video content available to service users and mental health workers demonstrates strong potential to support service users’ recovery.
The iPrevent Online Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Risk Management Tool: Usability and Acceptability Testing (Preprint)
Authors: Lo Louisa L , Collins Ian M , Bressel Mathias , Butow Phyllis , Emery Jon , Keogh Louise , Weideman Prue , Steel Emma , Hopper John L , Trainer Alison H , Mann Gregory B , Bickerstaffe Adrian , Antoniou Antonis C , Cuzick Jack , Phillips Kelly-Anne
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

iPrevent estimates breast cancer (BC) risk and provides tailored risk management information.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the usability and acceptability of the iPrevent prototype.

METHODS

Clinicians were eligible for participation in the study if they worked in primary care, breast surgery, or genetics clinics. Female patients aged 18-70 years with no personal cancer history were eligible. Clinicians were first familiarized with iPrevent using hypothetical paper-based cases and then actor scenarios; subsequently, they used iPrevent with their patients. Clinicians and patients completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) and an Acceptability questionnaire 2 weeks after using iPrevent; patients also completed measures of BC worry, anxiety, risk perception, and knowledge pre- and 2 weeks post-iPrevent. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

The SUS and Acceptability questionnaires were completed by 19 of 20 clinicians and 37 of 43 patients. Usability was above average (SUS score >68) for 68% (13/19) clinicians and 76% (28/37) patients. The amount of information provided by iPrevent was reported as “about right” by 89% (17/19) clinicians and 89% (33/37) patients and 95% (18/19) and 97% (36/37), respectively, would recommend iPrevent to others, although 53% (10/19) clinicians and 27% (10/37) patients found it too long. Exploratory analyses suggested that iPrevent could improve risk perception, decrease frequency of BC worry, and enhance BC prevention knowledge without changing state anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS

The iPrevent prototype demonstrated good usability and acceptability. Because concerns about length could be an implementation barrier, data entry has been abbreviated in the publicly available version of iPrevent.
IS INTERPROFESSIONAL PRACTICE (IPP) FOCUSED ON MEDICATION SAFETY FEASIBLE IN INDONESIA? A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Ernawati Desak Ketut , Lee Ya Ping , Sunderland Bruce , Hughes Jeff
Published: January 2018

This paper explores facilitators for and barriers to the implementation of IPP focusing on medication safety in a public hospital in Bali, Indonesia. Qualitative methods involved interviews with stakeholders from a university and a hospital and focus group discussions with healthcare professionals in the hospital. Semi-structured questions were developed as a guide for the interviews and discussions. All interviews and discussions were recorded. The six steps of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis methodology were implemented in determining the themes. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was employed in reporting of findings. Participants indicated that support from the government and perceived benefits of IPP were facilitators for IPP. However, the participants mostly mentioned the barriers of IPP including lack of competencies for IPP and lack of understanding of the role of other healthcare professionals as barriers to the implementation of IPP. This showed that these were the barriers identified to the implementation of IPP in the study hospital. Despite the fact that participants were supportive of IPP, the participants identified some barriers to the implementation of IPP in the study hospital. The implementation requires support of the government, professional organisations, and stakeholders at the university and hospital levels.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PENGELOLA OBAT TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN OBAT DI PUSKESMAS
Authors: Aryani Alyxia Fatma , Kusuma Anjar Mahardian , Galistiani Githa Fungie
Published: January 2018

Pada tahun 2011 di seluruh puskesmas di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa hanya 17,5% puskesmas di Indonesia yang  memiliki apoteker dan ada sekitar 32,2% puskesmas yang tidak memiliki tenaga kefarmasian sama sekali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan pengelola unit farmasi di puskesmas, mengetahui bagaimana pengelolaan obat yang dilakukan oleh pengelola unit farmasi yang ada di puskesmas, mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan pengelola unit farmasi dengan kemampuannya mengelola obat di puskesmas.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Kuisioner digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan dan daftar ceklis untuk mengukur pengelolaan obat.  Peneliti melakukan Penelitian di Puskesmas Kabupaten Banyumas dengan jumlah responden 37 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statstik spearman rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai p value sebesar 0,031 yang menunjukkan ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan pengelola unit farmasi terhadap pengelolaan obat di Puskesmas Kabupaten Banyumas. Nilai Coefficient Correlation 0,355 yang menunjukkan kekuatan dan arah penelitian yang bersifat searah yang jika tingkat pengetahuan tinggi maka pengelolaan obat akan tinggi pula.
EVALUASI TERAPI ADJUVAN DAN KEJADIAN RELAPS PADA PASIEN PREMENOPAUSAL EARLY BREAST CANCER DI RSUP DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rukminingsih Fef , Andayani Tri Murti , Rahmawati Fita , Widayati Kartika
Published: January 2018

Terapi adjuvan pada pasien early breast cancer (EBC) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan disease free survival, menurunkan risiko relaps dan menurunkan angka kematian. Tetapi pada kenyataannya masih sering dijumpai, pasien EBC yang telah mendapat terapi adjuvan mengalami relaps. Kejadian relaps sering dihubungkan dengan meningkatnya risiko kematian tanpa memperhatikan jenis pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui angka kejadian relaps pada pasien premenopausal EBC yang telah mendapatkan terapi adjuvan di RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross sectional study menggunakan data retrospektif yang diperoleh dari data rekam medik pasien premenopausal EBC di Poliklinik Kanker Terpadu “Tulip” RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta yang telah mengalami tindakan pembedahan pada tahun 2010-2013, bersifat hormon responsif dan HER-2 negatif, mendapatkan terapi adjuvan, perempuan dengan umur 18-60 tahun dan  riwayat pemeriksaan sampai bulan Desember 2016. Pasien akan di eksklusi bila mempunyai penyakit penyerta. Dari 30 pasien diketahui sebanyak 46,67% berumur 41-50 tahun, sebanyak 63,33% menunjukkan ekspresi ER-PR positif, sebanyak 93,34% merupakan invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Semua pasien mendapatkan terapi adjuvan kemoterapi menggunakan regimen kombinasi dan semua pasien mendapatkan terapi endokrin berupa tamoksifen. Relaps terjadi pada 11 pasien (36,67%) dan kejadian relaps paling banyak adalah metastasis tulang yaitu pada 8 pasien (26,67%).
The Analysis on Employment Rights of “Zero-Hours Contracts” Workers in the UK
Authors: Xu Ke
Published: January 2018

In view of the fact that a large number of people in the UK are working with zero-hours contracts, this paper gives a further discussion on the legal status of these people. In order that more “zero-hours contracts”workers can enjoy their legal rights in the UK, the project is designed to examine to what extent the workers with zero-hours contracts have the rights based on employment legislation. Firstly, it offers a clear distinction between “typical” and “atypical” workers and concludes that “zero-hours contracts” work should fall into the latter category. And then it proposes that the key to identifying worker and employee lies in the mutuality obligation between employer and employee. By taking the dispute between Pulse Healthcare Ltd and Carewatch Care Services Ltd & 6 others as a case study, it hopes to offer a detailed explanation on this question. At last, it comes up with the conclusion that the “zero-hours contracts” workers will be able to enjoy more rights after the legal status defining becomes more accurate.
STRATEGIES IN IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH VOCABULARY ACQUISITION
Authors: Razali Khairil , Razali Irhami
Published: January 2018

Vocabulary acquisition concerns on how people expand the numbers of words they understand when learning a new language. Knowing words in a second or foreign language is vitally important because the reader will be able to understand the written text well and the speaker will be able to communicate basic ideas through vocabulary even if the person does not understand how to create a grammatically correct sentence. As Madsen argued, “mastering vocabulary is the primary thing that every student should acquire in learning English” (Harold, 1983). Therefore, acquiring a sufficiently large vocabulary is one of the important tasks faced by L2 learners in order to comprehend the written texts in reading as one of the four basic features of language learning.