bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variación espacio-temporal de la respuesta espectral en manglares de La Habana, Cuba, a través de sensores remotos
Authors: Denis Ávila Dennis , Curbelo Emerio A. , Madrigal-Roca Luis J. , Pérez-Lanyau Ramón D.
Published: February 2020

Introducción: Los manglares son una de las formaciones vegetales de mayor relevancia global por los servicios ecosistémicos y roles ecológicos que desempeñan, y representan el 5 % de la superficie emergida de Cuba. No existen estudios previos que describan las variaciones en los índices espectrales de vegetación por sensores remotos en los manglares cubanos, pero con este tipo de variable se pueden constituir indicadores del estado de estos ecosistemas y emplearse en evaluaciones a nivel nacional. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo se evalúa la variabilidad espacial y temporal de dos índices espectrales de vegetación en cuatro manglares periurbanos de la ciudad de La Habana y se comparan con un sitio natural como control. Métodos: El estudio se desarrolló en las localidades de Bajo de Santa Ana, Cojímar, Rincón de Guanabo y la laguna El Cobre – Itabo y el control fue tomado en la ciénaga de Zapata. A través de la plataforma Climate Engine se extrajeron, de 2 460 imágenes satelitales LandSat, los valores promedio de los índices espectrales NDVI y EVI en 5 parcelas por cada localidad de estudio, entre 1984 y 2019. Las variables se compararon estadísticamente entre localidades y se describió su tendencia a lo largo del periodo de estudio. Resultados: Se detectaron diferencias geográficas en los índices, que pueden correlacionarse con las propiedades estructurales y grado de conservación de cada localidad. La tendencia global de los índices fue a un aumento, pero difirió entre localidades. Los menores cambios se produjeron en el sitio control y, entre los humedales periurbanos, en el Rincón de Guanabo y en Cojímar. El ordenamiento de las localidades a partir de variables espectrales fue consistente con el de grado de conservación general. Conclusiones: La respuesta espectral permitió caracterizar cada manglar de manera individualizada, mostrando relación aparente con las características ecológicas y de conservación de cada lugar. Es necesario continuar promoviendo estudios con sensores remotos de estas formaciones boscosas y generar indicadores sólidos que sustenten su uso en futuras investigaciones y monitoreos en manglares del Caribe.
Stabilisation of a clay soil by ion injection using an electrical field
Authors: Estabragh A. R. , Moghadas M. , Javadi A. A. , Abdollahi J.
Published: February 2020

A programme of experiments was conducted to study the use of the electro-kinetic technique to transport a stabilising chemical agent through a clay soil. The experimental tests were undertaken on a clay soil in a special apparatus by applying a constant voltage gradient across the sample to introduce a solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) with different concentrations in the soil. The variations of shear strength across the sample resulting from the electro-kinetic process were determined. The experiments were conducted in two groups. In the first group, the electro-osmosis method was used for soil samples with distilled water. In the second group, the electro-kinetic technique was applied to the soil to transport the solution of calcium chloride with varying concentrations through the pores in the soil. The results showed that the strength of soil increased for both groups and the amount of increase in the second group was dependent on the concentration of calcium chloride injected into the soil. The injection of this stabiliser also increased the electric current and electro-osmotic permeability.
Migración internacional y cambio climático: conexiones y desconexiones entre México y Centroamérica
Authors: Casillas Rodolfo
Published: February 2020

El cambio climático en Centroamérica genera, entre otros efectos, migraciones en el interior o al exterior de los países de origen. La migración centroamericana que transita por México es importante por su volumen, por ser indocumentada y por su diversificación social, de género y etaria. Algunas localidades mexicanas susceptibles al cambio climático están en las rutas migratorias que atraviesan el país, mientras que otras con la misma susceptibilidad posiblemente sean receptoras de emergentes asentamientos indefinidos de quienes desde 2019 esperan respuesta a su solicitud de refugio en Estados Unidos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la posible relación entre las localidades mexicanas con problemas climáticos y el tránsito de migraciones centroamericanas, así como referir los riesgos de aquellas que sean receptoras de los nuevos asentamientos. Con base en fuentes documentales y hemerográficas y resultados empíricos, se analizan esos procesos desde una perspectiva histórico- procesual. Las conclusiones apuntan a vacíos de conocimiento; flujos migratorios mixtos, que incluyen a migrantes por razones climáticas; a tránsito por un bajo número de localidades mexicanas con riesgo climático, dispersas por las rutas migratorias; a procesos con algunas conexiones y a otros que, sin tenerlas, no escapan al riesgo de potenciar posibles intolerancias sociales.

 

Abstract

Climate change in Central America generates, among other effects, migrations inside and outside the countries of origin. The Central American migration that travels through Mexico is important because of its volume, because it is undocumented and diversified socially, by gender and age. Some Mexican localities susceptible to climate change are on the migratory routes through Mexico, while others with the same susceptibility may be receivers of emerging indefinite settlements from those who expect a response to their request for refuge in the United States, since 2019. The objective of this article is to analyze the possible relationship between the Mexican localities with climatic problems and the transit of Central American migrations, as well as referring the risks of those who are receivers of the new settlements. Based on secondary sources and empirical results, these processes are analyzed from a procedural historical perspective. The conclusions point to knowledge gaps, mixed migratory flows that include migrants for climatic reasons, transit through a low number of Mexican towns with climate risk, dispersed by migratory routes and also to processes with some connections and others that, without having them, do not escape the risk of fostering possible social intolerances.
Inteligencia y contrainteligencia militar frente a fallos y desafíos. El caso de Culiacán, México (2019)
Authors: Mendoza Cortes Paloma
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo se deriva de la tesis doctoral El proceso de toma de decisiones en el Ejército Mexicano: la función de la Inteligencia Militar. La investigación es retomada para analizar la operación de captura de Ovidio Guzmán, en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. Se confrontan fuentes de primera mano de inteligencia militar con información de fuentes abiertas y se determinan los posibles fallos de inteligencia y contrainteligencia que condujeron al gobierno mexicano a tomar la decisión de liberar a Ovidio Guzmán frente a los actos de violencia y al uso del ciberespacio por el crimen organizado para tal fin. A partir de la información consultada, se concluye que existió una falta de cooperación interagencial y fallos del Gabinete de Seguridad de México en el proceso de toma de decisiones en situaciones críticas.

Abstract

This analysis is based on the dissertation The Mexican Army decision-making process: The role of Military Intelligence. The original research is applied to the case of the Ovidio Guzmán capture operation in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. First-hand sources of military intelligence are confronted with information from open sources to evaluate the possible intelligence and counterintelligence failures that can explain the Mexican government´s decision to release Ovidio Guzman after members of his cartel committed acts of extreme violence and exploited social media. Based on the sources consulted, the author concludes the key factors that led to the failure of the operation were the lack of inter-agency cooperation and deficiencies in the decision-making process by the Security Cabinet of Mexico.
Bright Field Image Capture with Zeiss AxioImager v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the system that is used to capture Z stack images which are reassembled post-processing into 3D reconstructions.
DAB Detection of Biocytin Labeled Tissue v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the process for diaminobenzidine (DAB) detection of biocytin filled cells. This protocol is optimized for use with brain slices cut at 350 µm thick, in which cells are first filled with biocytin (i.e., post-electrophysiological recording), fixed in 4% PFA/2.5% glutaraldehyde, and transferred to PBS until ready to stain.
Post Patch Clamp Slice Fixation v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the process to fix recorded/filled cells from mouse and human brain slices with 4% PFA/2.5% Glutaraldehyde in PBS for future histochemical processing.
Multi-Patch Clamp Recording v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the process to obtain multiple electrophysiological recordings from postnatal mouse and/or human brain slices.
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid IV (ACSF.IV) v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes making Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid IV (ACSF.IV). ACSF.IV is used for multiple applications including incubation of fresh mouse brain slices prior to electrophysiological recording.
Electrode Internal Solution with Biocytin II v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This SOP provides instructions to prepare Internal Solution II used for simultaneous patch clamp electrophysiology experiments to probe circuit connectivity.
Institutionalization of Justice in the Provisions of Russskaya Pravda (Russian Justice)
Authors: Vereshchagina A. V. , Omelyanenko M. E.
Published: February 2020

The phenomenon of Russskaya Pravda (Russian Justice) has been the subject of numerous studies. However, until now there has not been any exhaustively complete description of the judicial system of Ancient Russia due to scarcity of authentic sources.

An analysis of the provisions of the most well-known copies of Russkaya Pravda (Russian Justice) and available research have resulted in making a number of statements.

The system of justice in Ancient Russia was multisystematic in character and consisted of 4 relatively independent systems: communal, patrimonial, ecclesiastical and princely. The system under consideration had developed as a result of preservation of tribal elements and social stratification, active political genesis and Christianization. The organization of government, including the judicial system, was based on the principle of suzerainty-vassalage, i.e. the persons involved in the administration of justice were servants of the Prince who delegated judicial power to them. The competence of judicial officials was diversified according to the subject matter, territorial and personal criteria. In the system of powers of judicial officials, the powers to charge fees and fines and to impose penalties were the most important. Under Russkaya Pravda (Russian Justice) the system of judicial officials represents a kind of matrix underlying the subsequent institutionalization of judicial bodies.

The complex of powers of officials dealing with pre-trial preparation of cases and enforcement of judgments proves that, despite the unity of the procedure for resolving all types of “grievances,” the law-maker distinguished civil and criminal disputes.
Indication of Nationality in the Passport of a Citizen of the Russian Federation as a Form of Implementation of the Right to Nationality
Authors: Zaynitdinov N. A.
Published: February 2020

Constitutionalists in Russia have disagreed on the possibility of specifying nationality of a citizen in the passport. It is believed that at present the indication of nationality in the passport is not made, but it turns out that this is not the case. Implicit declaration of nationality with the help of a special insert is possible for citizens living in the republics and for native speakers of non-Russian state languages of republics. This state of affairs creates inequality for residents of different types of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and for citizens of different nationalities. Nationality of Russians as a national majority is not expressed in the Russian Federation through the statehood itself and through the institution of citizenship as it is done in foreign countries where nationality is not indicated in the passport. The author substantiates an erroneous stance of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on inadmissibility of specifying nationality of a citizen in his or her passport. It is concluded that it is desirable to restore indication of nationality in the passport for all citizens with the aim of the fullest implementation of the right to nationality in the context of the Russian Federation.
Dissolution of Marriage: An Interrelation between Legal and Social Aspects
Authors: Zykov S. V.
Published: February 2020

The paper deals with the legal institution of dissolution of marriage in the context of creating conditions for the marriage preservation. It is concluded that it is necessary to change the procedure of dissolution of marriage in order to ensure the possibility of reconciliation of spouses, for example, to determine the powers of the court to refer the case to a specialist, who performs conciliation (mediator or psychologist), if this procedure is free of charge for spouses. Given the importance of preservation of the family when there are minor children in the family, the possibility of reconciliation must also be extended. The second approach to changing the existing law in the area of marriage dissolution with regard to the grounds, may include the transition to the concept of “divorce/ sanction” (including its flexible application). This approach is widely used in foreign legislation, it has long been traditional for domestic law and is approved in legal consciousness. The third approach may involve the modification of law enforcement practices relating to post-divorce upbringing of children, which indirectly motivates one party to divorce, even though this practice does not correspond either to the law or to social expediency. As a possible option, we recommend the use of the foreign institution of “joint guardianship” adapted in our system of law as determination of the place of residence of the child on a parity basis.
Remand in Custody as Part of a Sentence: Problem of Determination
Authors: Filatyev V. A.
Published: February 2020

The paper analyzes the provisions of the criminal procedure law determining the grounds and procedures for the application of preventive measures when deciding a sentence. The paper attempts to identify their constitutional and legal meaning. According to the author, the remand of a defendant in custody on the sole basis of the need to execute a real imprisonment sentence is unacceptable. Doctrinal representations of the theory of procedural decisions allow us to conclude that the decision on the measure of restraint cannot be taken simultaneously with the sentence and should not be an integral part of it. Under the current legal regulation, the defense is forced to refuse to express the position on the measure of restraint in the pleadings and the last plea if the position of the defendant is aimed at acquittal. The impossibility for the defense to make an immediate appeal on the formulated in the sentence decision on detention makes the appeal meaningless in general. Uncertainty of the procedure for sending persons sentenced to real imprisonment in all penal institutions but colony-settlements to the place of serving their sentence, for whom the court did not choose detention, reveals a gap in the law. The author claims that these and other defects in the legal regulation listed in the paper contribute to the existence of an accusatory bias in law enforcement practice, since they predetermine the detention decision and must be eliminated. Measures of restraint must be considered immediately after the verdict is sounded in a separate court session at the request of the prosecution or at the initiative of the court.
Application of the EU Law in Russian Courts in the Conditions of the Selective Interaction between Russia and the EU
Authors: Kalinichenko P. A.
Published: February 2020

Political relations between Russia and the European Union have changed significantly since 2014. On the one hand, the new political realities are making the current situation in relations, even legally, not as cloudless and full of hope as it was 25 years ago when the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between Russia and the EU was signed. On the other hand, bilateral agreements between Russia and the EU continue to operate and be applied by the parties in the new conditions of selective interaction between Russia and the EU.

The paper is devoted to the transformation of the fundamentals of legal regulation of relations between Russia and the EU in the context of new political relations, characterized by the formula of "selective interaction" as well as the ongoing Europeanization of Russian judicial practice. The paper discusses the existing bilateral agreements between Russia and the EU, analyzes Russian jurisprudence related to the application of EU law and the use of the precedents of the EU Court. The article also focuses on the Europeanization of the practice of the EAEU Court.
Parties Involved in Civil and Arbitrazh Procedural Relations with the Prosecutor’s Participation
Authors: Golovko I. I.
Published: February 2020

In the Soviet period of the development of the prosecutorial activity science, individual authors substantiated ideas about legal relations with the participation of the prosecutor, which have not been developed in modern science. The current active development of the science of prosecutorial activity necessitates focusing on such categories as the structure and content of legal relations with the participation of the prosecutor, their research and substantiation of the provisions on which the further study could be based. The paper presents the results of a study of civil and arbitrazh procedural legal relations with the participation of the prosecutor in terms of the subject elements. The conclusion on the determination of the prosecutor (but not the prosecutor’s body) by one of the subjects of the main civil and arbitrazh procedural legal relations is justified. The participants of the indicated procedural legal relations and their roles are determined. Based on the study, it was concluded that the civil and arbitrazh procedural legal relations involving a prosecutor are bilateral.
On the Concept of Legal Education
Authors: Dotsenko A. S.
Published: February 2020

The paper attempts to conduct a comprehensive study of legal education as a legal category. Modern scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of legal education are considered, a distinction is made and the relationship between the legal phenomenon under study and related legal categories is determined. The author comes to the unequivocal conclusion that legal education as a legal category has an independent legal significance. Based on the analysis of modern scientific legal literature and current legislation, the author identifies features of legal education that clarify and supplement the existing concepts. Today, legal education is an independent direction of state policy. The measures implemented in the system of legal education act as a kind of tool for the formation of a legal culture and stimulate the active lawful behavior of individuals. The purpose of legal education is to ensure the full legal socialization of a person, and the final expected result is the formation of a high legal culture of society.
A model for predicting the risk of preeclampsia in women with different somatotypes
Authors: Tomayeva Kristina G. , Gaydukov Sergey N.
Published: February 2020

Hypothesis/aims of study. Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-specific multi-organ disease of complex etiology. It affects 36% of expectant mothers worldwide and it persists as a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at analyzing the frequency of preeclampsia in women with different somatotypes and at developing a prediction model to determine the risk of this disease.
Study design, materials and methods. 390 women were examined, of whom 110 were of the macrosomatic type, 173 of the mesosomatic type, and 107 of the microsomatic type. Somatometry was performed according to R.N. Dorokhov in women in early pregnancy (before 910 weeks of gestation). The urinary excretion of markers for podocyte injury (nephrin, podocalyxin, and VEGF) was measured using ELISA spectrophotometric methods.
Results. Preeclampsia has been found to be significantly more prevalent among the representatives of the macrosomatic type, compared to women of the meso- and microsomatic types. Urine nephrin, podocalyxin and VEGF levels were significantly higher in women of the macrosomatic type, as compared to those of the meso- and microsomatic types. Using multiple regression analysis, we obtained the regression equation (formula), which predicts the development of preeclampsia in women of different somatotypes.
Conclusion. Carrying out calculations according to the presented formula allows predicting the occurrence of preeclampsia with high accuracy, as well as forming high-risk groups among patients already in the first trimester of pregnancy when a pregnant woman is registered in the womens consultation, long before the disease develops. This will contribute to more effective implementation of therapeutic measures to prevent the development of this complication.
Predictive value of ovarian hormone-producing function assessment in poor responders undergoing assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Merkulova Alexandra I. , Dzhemlikhanova Lyailya Kh. , Niauri Dariko A. , Gzgzyan Alexander M. , Kogan Igor Yu. , Krikheli Inna O. , Tapilskaya Natalya I. , Tkachenko Natalia N. , Mekina Irina D. , Lesik Elena A. , Komarova Evgenia M.
Published: February 2020

Hypothesis/aims of study. The management of poor responders to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) has always been a challenge. It is difficult for both doctors and patients to make decision to proceed to oocyte donation or abandon fertility treatment. More predictors of successful IVF treatment in poor responders are needed. The aim of this study was to assess hormonal ovarian function in poor responders undergoing ovarian stimulation and to identify predictors of the chance of clinical pregnancy after IVF cycle.
Study design, materials and methods. The study included 45 infertile patients undergoing ovarian stimulation with poor ovarian response according to the Bologna criteria. All patients underwent standard IVF or IVF/ICSI protocol using gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists. Letrozole (5 mg/day) was administered during the first 5 days of stimulation in standard antagonist FSH/hMG protocol to 13 of the patients included in the study, with standard antagonist FSH/hMG protocol being only administered to other 32 patients. Serum and follicular fluid were collected at the time of follicle aspiration, and the concentrations of total testosterone, estradiol and androstenedione were determined.
Results. Follicular fluid concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were higher and serum estradiol level was lower in the letrozole group. The serum concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were comparable in both groups, while the serum estradiol/testosterone ratio was lower in the letrozole group. The threshold level of estradiol/testosterone ratio 1000 on the day of oocyte retrieval above which pregnancy and implantation rates were increased was 1532.68 (odds ratio 7.0 (95% CI 1.3935.35), р = 0.02).
Conclusion. Evaluating of the serum estradiol / testosterone ratio has been shown to determine aromatase activity of ovarian preovulatory follicles and to predict IVF outcome in poor responders undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
Attraction on TV: rules of communication game
Authors: Kemarskaya Irina N.
Published: February 2020

The essay analyzes the game nature of screen attraction - one of the most important tools of television dramaturgy. Attraction is examined, in the tradition established by Sergei Eisenstein and developed by Russian and foreign researchers, not just as entertainment but as a way of influencing audience perception. TV viewing is regarded as a special kind of game developing in accordance with the rules established by a programs format and repeated in this programs each new release. The key aspects relating classic TV communication to game are: voluntary selection and viewing of the programs; clearly marked place and time of occupation; a set of rules mandatory for a particular game; the feelings of joy and fun generated by the participation in TV viewing; immersion of the viewer in the "otherness" of the game and simultaneous presence in everyday life. The rules of communication game are accepted by all participants in the process: the makers of a TV product, the partakers and the audience. Voluntary way of program viewing is an indispensable condition for TV communication, and the attractions are its most active moments: they are designed to capture and keep the viewer's attention, and to evoke emotions associated with the pleasure produced by game.
The essay explores the attraction-like nature of TV shows both as a content and as a set of the signs, as a way of the functioning of the audiovisual language. The variability of the TV spectacle is investigated as the phenomenon of postmodern aesthetics, as an aesthetic merit rather than an immanent disadvantage a priori depriving TV products of the right to uniqueness.
Screenplay theory: cinema is born in script
Authors: Marievskaya N. E.
Published: February 2020

Screenplay theory: cinema is born in script
The sound space of the city as a reflection of ‘‘the spirit of the times’’ and the inner world of the film hero
Authors: Rusinova Elena A.
Published: February 2020

The theme of the artistic image of the city in film has been repeatedly considered in film studies from both historical and cultural perspectives. However, two aspects of the study of the theme remain virtually unexplored because they are associated with a professional analysis of such a specific area of filmmaking as sound directing. The first aspect is the role of the city in films as both visual and audio space; the second aspect is the significance of urban sounds in the creation of the inner world of a film character.
This essay explores the director's vision of urban space and the possibilities of sound directing in the formation of the inner world of a character and his/her various mental conditions - through the use of sound textures of the urban environment. The author analyses several films about Georgia's capital Tbilisi, produced in different time periods. The vivid "sound face" of Tbilisi allows one to follow changes in the aesthetic approaches to the use of the city's sounds for the formation of the image of film characters in the cultural and historical context of particular films. The essay concludes that the urban space, with its huge range of sound phenomena, contributes to the formation of a polyphonic phonogram which could bring a film's semantics to higher aesthetic and intellectual levelsl.
Choice of profession: the bases of producer's workmanship
Authors: Chigevskaya Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2020

This is an interview with Boris Krishtul in which he talks about his many years experience in cinema, about diiculties of ilmmaking and some aspects of producer's profession. B. Krishtul produced some ilms in Russia and in other countries. It ia about the problems of cinematography, speciicity of producer's work, psychological laws of management, personnel training in the centre of attention.
"VGIK days" in Tajikistan
Authors: Vestnik VGIK Editorial office
Published: February 2020

"VGIK days" in Tajikistan
Mass scenes as a way of manipulating the consciousness of the viewer
Authors: Arysheva Anastasiya S.
Published: February 2020

The essay explores the significance of mass scenes in the history of cinema. It analyzes the directorial style of Sergei Eisenstein and his concept that the human mass becomes observable only with the invention of cinema. The image of the mass is created by the editing. Long shots transform the real human mass into an infinitely growing mass, while close-ups destroy its image. Film editing involves the audience in the creation of the mass: each foreshortening offers a new vision of the people united in the mass. Mass scenes of the film allow the spectator to become infected with the ideas of the mass and to experience the increase in emotions inherent in a crowd. The film appeals to the spectator whose properties are predetermined. The spectator agrees to the viewing conditions dictated by the film and dissolves in the spectacle. The full involvement of the spectator in what he sees on the film screen is the main feature of cinema. Therefore, the manipulation of the spectators consciousness during the film screening is inevitable. Due to the psychological characteristics of their perception, mass scenes are one of the most powerful ways to control the spectator's emotional and intellectual reactions.
Existential problematics in the films of Pedro Costa
Authors: Sandu Vladlena O.
Published: February 2020

Films of the Portuguese director Pedro Costa seldom steal the limelight of cinema scholarship. The specific marginality of his works, the complex semi-documentary structure of his films and, at first glance, the social nature of his subjects complicate the analysis of his films. This essay undertakes a detailed investigation of his films' structures and problematics in the context of intellectual development in 21st-century European cinema. Four films by Costa Bones (Ossos, 1997), In Vandas Room (No Quarto da Vanda, 2000), Colossal Youth (Juventude em Marcha, 2006) and Horse Money (Cavalo Dinheiro, 2014) are regarded as elements of a single artistic system that transforms, becomes more complex and absorbs more and more cultural codes.
The essay defines the motifs representative of the four films, visual metaphors that refer to sacred texts and the gradual transformation of the directors aesthetics. It is motivated by the necessity to carry out a complex research of all components of Costas films from the existential perspective: in the authors opinion, such perspective gives the opportunity to define specific features of the directors aesthetics. The systemic interdisciplinary approach is determined by the necessity to expose the aesthetic and anthropological problems explored in Costa's films and to define their philosophical basis, using a combined historical, cultural, semiotic, anthropological and hermeneutical approach. The essay concludes that the core of Pedro Costas art relates to existential philosophy and anthropology and that his main concern is spirituality, a theme realized most adequately via cinema.
VR cinema. Virtual spectacle as a dream
Authors: Novikov Vasily N.
Published: February 2020

The essay analyzes the meaning of the term immersion in relation to its application in modern cinema, explores the significance of physiological sensations in the perception of artistic and entertaining VR content, and discusses the main features of the aesthetics of 360 spherical video.
In a state of immersion, a person ceases to psychologically perceive the screen as a repeater of an artificially created world, actually merging with the surrounding space. This technology, embodied in VR films, poses many still unresolved issues: the management of the subjects attention, the role of editing, the quality of sound, the use of music, film narration, the participation of the viewer in a film's events, work with light and color.
The VR video format with a 360 overview is used in many areas: music videos, virtual tours, documentary travels, independent dives into art works, digital painting, and installations. In all these cases, the viewer feels like an observer, finding himself in the very center of an infinite, all-encompassing virtuality.
In contrast to the traditional film that appeals to the mass consciousness of the audience, the viewing of VR content is aimed at the personal self-awareness of the individual. Images perceived in this format have a potentially higher impact on the human psyche and the human unconscious because they are remembered more vividly as a result of the complex involvement in the personalized experience here and now. The ability of the author-artist to create for the viewer an emotionally saturated dream with the psychological fusion of the subject and the space takes place is a qualitatively new quality of VR dives, a feature uncharacteristic of traditional visual arts.
Postmodernism as Myths Generating Practice
Authors: Mankovskaya Nadezhda Borisovna
Published: February 2020

The article deals with an aspect of postmodernism in art connected with the creation of new type of myths also on the base of newest technology. Speciicity of postmodern myths generation in cinema, literature, painting, actual art-practices is turned out. Particularities of its occidental and Russian varieties are analyzed on the examples of P. Greenaway, M. Barney, D. Prigov, I. Kabakov creations.
Sergei Eisenstein's ideas in the context of modern cinema art. Audiovisual counterpoint
Authors: Rusinova Elena A.
Published: February 2020

Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein is not only a great filmmaker but also one of the first theorists of cinema, whose ideas have not lost their significance to this day. Exploration of Eisensteins theoretical heritage reveals the relevance of many of his propositions based both on the practical experience of the director and on his theoretical conclusions and even insights.Such ideas include, in particular, the concept of audiovisual counterpoint introduced by Eisenstein in the famous manifesto Budushchee zvukovoi fil'my. Zaiavka (Statement on Sound) of 1928. In this manifesto, a number of provisions expressed the authors' concern about the possible non-cinematic use of sound in films, and at the same time, the future possibilities of sound in cinema. In particular, it was argued that only the counter-punctual use of sound in relation to the visual editing piece gives new opportunities for montage development and improvement. Subsequently, Eisenstein clarified or even revised some of the points put forward in 1928. With the experience gained in the sound field of filmmaking and the logical development of theoretical research, the idea of audiovisual counterpoint as a cinematic method grows into the problem of artistic imagery, and the contrasting of image and sound becomes part of the task of creating polyphonic (polysemantic) audiovisual solutions in a motion picture. The essay discusses the relevance of Eisenstein's ideas within contemporary artistic and theoretical contexts.
The canons of capturing reality in the documentary cinema of the 1960s
Authors: Bezenkova Maria V.
Published: February 2020

The essay deals with the problems of new expressive means that appeared in Soviet documentaries in the late 1950s 1960s. It analyzes the main expressive means of capturing the new screen reality on examples of Castles in the Sand (dir. Yakov Bronstein and Algimantas Vidugiris), Katyusha (dir. Viktor Lisakovich), Marinas Life (dir. Leonid Kvinikhidze), Look at the Face (dir. Pavel Kogan), and Nikolai Amosov (dir. Taimuraz Zoloev). Its main interests are plastic solutions, the frame structure, the designation of the object of shooting and the author's presence in the interframe space or inside the frame; changes in the attitudes of the author and the protagonists, the authors attention to personality, and the expressiveness of human presence in the film.
The essay discusses the existential and philosophical components of the documentary films of that period, as well as changes in the aesthetic and ideological pictures of the world, which influenced the principle of capturing reality and the concept of authenticity. Documentaries of the Thaw are viewed via the formation of new canons of capturing screen reality, including new capturing techniques (hidden camera, habitual camera, method of provocation), principles of intraframe editing and new space-time frame characteristics. The principles of intraframe editing, new spatial and temporal characteristics of the frame are presented in the progressive analysis of assembly phrases and the compositional structure of the frame of films. The author examines the principles of the formation of the protagonists' characters, the positioning of a person within the frame and the general stylistic paradigm of documentary genres. Taking as examples film portraits, film essays and polemical films, the essay explores novel means of forming spectator paradigms in the documentaries of the Thaw within the context of the authors attitude towards the selected material and the protagonist.
On the Problem of the Discourse Analysis of Literary Texts
Authors: Klyueva Lyudmila
Published: February 2020

The essay addresses the key theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of scholarly approach to the analysis of artistic texts (films). The author aims to clarify the term "discourse" both with regard to its content, origin and scope and with regard to the possibilities and prospects of using it in analytical work with films. From the authors point of view, the discourse analysis can solve a complex of serious problems that inevitably arise in the work with artistic texts.
Since in the work with film texts the discursive practices of analysis are rare, or even sporadic, and the very concept of discourse is still being adapted by Russian film theory, it is necessary to consider the term in more detail particularly, the conditions of its appearance in the humanitarian sphere and the prospects of its use in the artistic sphere and analytical work. The purpose of this essay is to summarize viewpoints which exist in the humanities regarding the term discourse and to formulate the understanding of the term which can be employed for the practical analysis within film studies.
The term discourse is considered in the essay primarily in the linguistic tradition in particular, in connection with Ferdinand de Saussures dichotomy of language and speech; and then the author traces the gradual departure of the concept beyond linguistics into a broad sphere of semiotic activity. Modern semiotics, which grew up on the foundation of linguistics, has carried out the transfer of a number of linguistic categories such as language, speech, text, and discourse to other sign systems, regarding these categories as universal and basic among other things, as applicable to the sphere of art. The essay aims to clarify the subject of discourse analysis and its specificity in regard to other approaches, and to define a fundamentally new position of the researcher taken in the process of discourse analysis in relation to the artistic text.
Godmother of Alexander Askoldov
Authors: Perelstein Roman Maksovich
Published: February 2020

Klavdiya Vavilova from Alexander Askoldov's film Commissar is burnt by love, motherhood and revolution. As a mother she bears life, as a martyr of belief - death to the enemies. Still life takes over. The winner is a human being ready to sacrifice though building the Earthly Kingdom. That is the ugly paradox of Russian history of the beginning of the XXth century. It is not incidental that Alexander Blok's apostles are headed by Christ. Vavilova is one of the apostles. But the ilm Commissar would not be a masterpiece if the director had ignored the main testament of the Christian Bible - the testament of love.
Cinema of Bulgaria at the turn of century
Authors: Utilov Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2020

The article reflects dramatic changes in Bulgarian cinema of last 20 years and attempts of Bulgarian cinematographers to work out new approaches of ilmproducing within the framework of European cinema. Will it be possible for them not to sacrifice national identity?
Magic Realism of André Delvaux
Authors: Zakrevskaya Anna Andreyevna
Published: February 2020

The article explores the artistic merit of the underestimated Belgian director’s major films which combine magic irrational elements with visible real life attributes. Employing imaginary space and cinematic time in the films which could be classified as “magic realism”, helps reveal a specific truth: the shift of the angle enables one to see the hidden depth and the mystery, to create a complex picture of the world.
Computer Graphics Efficiency Criteria
Authors: Soshnikova Irina Viktorovna
Published: February 2020

Computer graphics in modern cinema forms a unique phenomenon akin to the star system becoming the “lure” for mass audience. The article pinpoints the problems of personnel management under the film industry’s adoption of digital technologies, particularly, in creating special effects.
L.S. Vygotsky On Psychological Properties of Art Form Organization
Authors: Sveshnikov Alexander Vyacheslavovich
Published: February 2020

The article discusses central concepts of artistic perception and creativity theory as presented in L.S. Vygotskys treatise The Psychology of art which focuses primarily on artistic feeling and catharsis as distinct psychological phenomena. Unlike a widely accepted view, Vygotskys work shows that form and content in art do not necessarily need to correspond. The perceptual conflict staged by contradictory relationship between the original artistic premises within these two categories is an essential requirement for, and is resolved by, the resulting integrated aesthetic experience. Based on Vygotskys reasoning, the current article suggests a set of criteria that identify the main characteristics of the compositional organization of a piece of art. The psychological aspects of artistic perception described by Vygotsky argue for objective existence of aesthetic values. Vygotskys reasoning emphasizes true aesthetic value of a piece of art and thus provides the foundation for sound argumentation against evaluation approaches based mainly on its worth on the collectors market. This article highlights the parts of his theory that describe the psychological patterns used to resolve perceptive inconsistencies and harmonize personal value systems. The concepts discussed in Vygotskys works, in particular his theory of catharsis, reveal deep psychological mechanisms of artistic perception. Such mechanisms reflect the organisational complexity of an art form which may at first glance seem to only be a means of pleasure and entertainment.
Educational project Triumph on Bothe Sides of the Ocean To the 75th Anniversary of the Oscar’s awarding for the Soviet film
Authors: Editorial -
Published: February 2020

The 37th VGIK International Student Festival received a wide response. Representatives of 40 film schools from 35 countries participated in it, student films from Belgium, Spain, Ecuador, Argentina, the USA, Great Britain, Israel, Switzerland, Canada, Singapore, Mexico, France and other countries competed. A landmark event of the festival was the presentation of the extraordinary scientific and educational project Triumph on both sides of the ocean, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Soviet documentary film The rout of German troops near Moscow, filmed by directors L. Varlamov and I. Kopalin in 1942 .
NUEVOS HORIZONTES EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE KAWASAKI
Authors: Guerrero Varticovsky Ana Valeria , Muñoz Otero Cristina , Benítez Cardoza María Clara
Published: February 2020

La enfermedad de Kawasaki, es una vasculitis auto limitada que afecta principalmente a niños pequeños; Es la segunda causa más común de vasculitis en menores de 5 años. La enfermedad se caracteriza por la presencia de un criterio mayor, el cual es la fiebre mayor o igual a 5 días y la presencia de ≥4 de las 5 características clínicas principales. Esta revisión está enfocada en la actualización sobre el manejo médico de la enfermedad, sin abordar el manejo quirúrgico de los aneurismas coronarios.
Percepción de la imagen corporal en mujeres de 25 años del municipio de Ponedera (Atlántico)
Authors: Lara Cervantes Bruno , Nieto Mendoza Isaac
Published: February 2020

Antecedentes: La imagen corporal es la percepción que cada individuo posee de su propio cuerpo y resulta de una construcción multidimensional la cual —en ocasiones— no está correlacionada con el aspecto físico real. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción corporal de mujeres de 25 años del municipio de Ponedera (Atlántico) a través del Body Shape Questionnaire (cuestionario de la forma corporal) BSQ. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal. El ámbito de estudio que se presenta en este artículo ha sido el municipio de Ponedera (Atlántico). Participaron 145 mujeres en edad de 25 años de dos barrios populares del municipio de Ponedera (Atlántico), que respondieron a un cuestionario de autocumplimentación de forma voluntaria y anónima. BSQ. Resultados: se apreció una tendencia de la mayoría de la muestra hacia una preocupación extrema por la imagen corporal (92%), es decir, las mujeres que se ubicaron en esta categoría reconocen tener problemas asociados al exceso de peso, como también ciertos complejos a la hora de interactuar en su contexto teniendo presente que para ellas es importante lo que puedan decir las demás personas sobre su cuerpo y por ende, evitan situaciones en las que su imagen corporal sea materia de discusión. Conclusión: Es preciso que en este sector se lleven a cabo campañas para promover la actividad física al igual que secciones con expertos en nutrición que brinden pautas para la sana alimentación a fin de que la población femenina de este entorno adquiera estilos de vida saludable.
LOJİSTİK FİRMALARINDA ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 UYUM SÜRECİNDE DİKKATE ALINACAK FAKTÖRLERİN BULANIK DEMATEL YÖNTEMİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖMÜRGÖNÜLŞEN Mine , ÇEKİÇ Bülent , AR İlker Murat
Published: February 2020

Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi olarak da adlandırılan
Endüstri 4.0, teknolojide yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler ile nesnelerin birbirleriyle
iletişime ve etkileşime geçebileceği akıllı üretim dönemi olarak
tanımlanmaktadır. Böylece, özellikle üretimdeki dijitalleşme ile birlikte
sanal ve fiziksel sistemlerin birleştiği bir üretim sisteminden söz
edilmektedir. Bu sistemsel yaklaşımın üretimle birlikte tüm faaliyetleri
şekillendireceği dikkate alındığında Endüstri 4.0, lojistik firmaları için de
önemli bir konu halini almaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu değişim, firmalar için
bir uyum sürecini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada temel olarak
lojistik firmalarının Endüstri 4.0’a uyum sürecinde dikkate alınacak faktörlerin
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Endüstri 4.0’a geçiş sürecinde
dikkate alınacak faktörler arasındaki etkileşim düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve
faktörlerin önem derecesinin tespit edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Buna yönelik
olarak literatür taraması sonucu elde edilen faktörler, Bulanık DEMATEL yöntemi
ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, lojistik firmaların Endüstri
4.0’a uyum sürecinde en yüksek etkiye sahip ilk üç faktörün sırasıyla; uyum yeteneği, dijitalleşme düzeyi ve esneklik olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.