bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Zonations at Micro and Macro-Level for Regions in the Peninsular India
Authors: James Naveen , Sitharam T.G
Published: March 2017

Due to the lack of proper preparedness in the country against natural disasters, even an earthquake of moderate magnitude can cause extensive damage. This necessitates seismic zonation. Seismic zonation is a process in which a large region is demarcated into small zones based on the levels of earthquake hazards. Seismic zonation is generally carried out at micro-level, meso-level and macro-level. Presently, there are only a few guidelines available regarding the use of a particular level of zonation for a given study area. The present study checks the suitability of various levels of seismic zonation for different regions and reviews the feasibility of various methodologies for site characterization and site effect estimation. Further the seismic zonation was carried out both at the micro (for the Kalpakkam) and macro-level (for Karnataka state) using the appropriate methodologies. Based on this, recommendations have been made regarding the suitability of various methodologies as well as the grid size to be adopted for different level of zonation based on actual studies.
Notes on endemic Alpine chrysidids, with key to Alpine Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879, and remarks on two rarely collected species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)
Authors: Rosa Paolo , Zilioli Michele , Jacobs Maarten
Published: March 2017

A detailed study of two endemic Alpine species of the genus Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879 is given, as well as a key to the Alpine Philoctetes species and a brief discussion on Alpine Chrysididae. New distributional data, notes on type specimens and pictures are provided. A new synonym Philoctetes putoni (du Buysson, 1892) = Philoctetes delvarei Tussac & Tussac, 1993 syn. n. is proposed.
Hairy Cell Lymphoma: A Potentially Under-Recognized Entity
Authors: Hammond William A. , Swaika Abhisek , Menke David , Tun Han W.
Published: March 2017

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a low grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that typically presents with splenomegaly, cytopenias, and diffuse bone marrow infiltration. There have been few cases in the literature of HCL presenting as lymphomas in extra-nodal locations, such as soft tissues and bones without circulating leukemic cells, splenomegaly, or iliac crest bone marrow involvement. We present an additional case presenting as a thoracic mass, and discuss potential diagnostic pitfalls and management of these rare cases.
Test-Retest Reliability of the King-Devick Test in an Adolescent Population
Authors: Oberlander Tyler J. , Olson Bernadette L. , Weidauer Lee
Published: March 2017

Context: 

The King-Devick (KD) test is a screening tool designed to assess cognitive visual impairments, namely saccadic rhythm, postconcussion. Test-retest reliability of the KD in a healthy adolescent population has not yet been established.

Objective: 

To investigate the overall test-retest reliability of the KD among a sample of healthy adolescents. Additionally, we sought to determine if sex and age influenced reliability.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Secondary school.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Sixty-eight healthy adolescents, 41 boys (age = 15.4 ± 1.9 years) and 27 girls (age = 15.4 ± 1.9 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Participants completed the KD (version 1) at 3 testing sessions (days 1, 30, and 45) following standard instructions. We recorded total time to complete the reading of 3 cards for each participant during each testing session. Two-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using single measurements repeated over time and repeatability coefficients were calculated. Linear mixed models were used to determine whether differences existed at each testing time and to examine whether changes that took place among visits were different by sex or age.

Results: 

Adolescents who completed the KD demonstrated acceptable reliability (ICC = 0.81; 95% confidence interval = 0.73, 0.87); however, the repeatability coefficient was large (±8.76 seconds). The sample demonstrated improvements between visits 1 and 2 (mean ± standard error = 4.3 ± 0.5 seconds, P < .001) and between visits 2 and 3 (2.4 ± 0.5 seconds, P < .001) for a total improvement of 6.9 seconds over 3 tests. No significant visit-by-sex or visit-by-age interactions were observed.

Conclusions: 

Despite the ICC being clinically acceptable, providers using the KD test for serial assessment of concussion in adolescents should be cautious in interpreting the results due to a large learning effect. Incorporating multiple measures can ensure accurate detection of sport concussion.
Managing conflict-generating invasive species in South Africa: Challenges and trade-offs
Authors: Zengeya Tsungai , Ivey Philip , Woodford Darragh J. , Weyl Olaf , Novoa Ana , Shackleton Ross , Richardson David , Van Wilgen Brian
Published: March 2017

Background: This paper reviewed the benefits and negative impacts of alien species that are currently listed in the Alien and Invasive Species Regulations of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act no 10 of 2004) and certain alien species that are not yet listed in the regulations for which conflicts of interest complicate management. Objectives: Specifically, it identified conflict-generating species, evaluated the causes and driving forces of these conflicts and assessed how the conflicts have affected management. Method: A simple scoring system was used to classify the alien species according to their relative degree of benefits and negative impacts. Conflict-generating species were then identified and further evaluated using an integrated cognitive hierarchy theory and risk perception framework to identify the value systems (intrinsic and economic) and risk perceptions associated with each conflict. Results: A total of 552 alien species were assessed. Most of the species were classified as inconsequential (55%) or destructive (29%). Beneficial (10%) and conflict-generating (6%) species made a minor contribution. The majority (46%) of the conflict cases were associated with more than one value system or both values and risk perception. The other conflicts cases were based on intrinsic (40%) and utilitarian (14%) value systems. Conclusions: Conflicts based on value and risk perceptions are inherently difficult to resolve because authorities need to balance the needs of different stakeholders while meeting the mandate of conserving the environment, ecosystem services and human well-being. This paper uses the identified conflict-generating species to highlight the challenges and trade-offs of managing invasive species in South Africa.
Implementation of quality management systems and progress towards accreditation of National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratories in Africa
Authors: Albert Heidi , De Dieu Iragena Jean , Kao Kekeletso , Erni Donatelle , Mekonen Teferi , Onyebujoh Philip C.
Published: March 2017

Background: Laboratory services are essential at all stages of the tuberculosis care cascade, from diagnosis and drug resistance testing to monitoring response to treatment. Enabling access to quality services is a challenge in low-resource settings. Implementation of a strong quality management system (QMS) and laboratory accreditation are key to improving patient care.Objectives: The study objective was to determine the status of QMS implementation and progress towards accreditation of National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratories (NTRLs) in the African Region.Method: An online questionnaire was administered to NTRL managers in 47 World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa member states in the region, between February and April 2015, regarding the knowledge of QMS tools and progress toward implementation to inform strategies for tuberculosis diagnostic services strengthening in the region.Results: A total of 21 laboratories (43.0%) had received SLMTA/TB-SLMTA training, of which 10 had also used the Global Laboratory Initiative accreditation tool. However, only 36.7% of NTRLs had received a laboratory audit, a first step in quality improvement. Most NTRLs participated in acid-fast bacilli microscopy external quality assurance (95.8%), although external quality assurance for other techniques was lower (60.4% for first-line drug susceptibility testing, 25.0% for second-line drug susceptibility testing, and 22.9% for molecular testing). Barriers to accreditation included lack of training and accreditation programmes. Only 28.6%of NTRLs had developed strategic plans and budgets which included accreditation.Conclusion: Good foundations are in place on the continent from which to scale up accreditation efforts. Laboratory audits should be conducted as a first step in developing quality improvement action plans. Political commitment and strong leadership are needed to drive accreditation efforts; advocacy will require clear evidence of patient impact and cost-benefit.
Insulin, glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate responses to a medium-chain triglyceride-based sports supplement: A pilot study
Authors: Wood Thomas R. , Kelly Christopher
Published: March 2017

There is a current trend in endurance sports to move athletes towards a low-carbohydrate diet or use periods of low carbohydrate consumption to increase both health and performance. As a result, a market is developing for sports supplements to provide nutritional support during training and racing for athletes who follow a low-carbohydrate lifestyle. PHAT FIBRE (PF) is a powdered sports supplement that includes medium-chain triglycerides suspended in a digestion-resistant carbohydrate and is tailored to the needs of low-carb athletes. Eleven healthy participants were administered 25 g of PF after an overnight fast. After 30 minutes, median blood glucose increased by 6 mg/dl from 94 mg/dl to 100 mg/dl (p = 0.002). At the same time points, median blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increased from 0.3 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L. The increase in BHB was significant (p = 0.02) after excluding one outlier who had elevated levels of fasting BHB. Insulin levels did not change significantly at any point during the study. In a single participant, a revised formulation of PF (PFv2) produced a 0.6 mmol/L increase in BHB with no effect on blood glucose. These data suggest that PF can provide a source of energy for the low-carb athlete by supporting ketone production without negatively impacting insulin or blood glucose levels.
Healing and reconciliation as a pastoral ministry in post-conflict South African Christian communities
Authors: Manda Charles B.
Published: March 2017

Although Jeremiah�s lamentation is directed towards the wound of God�s people in Zion, Africa remains the site of struggle for political, socio-economic and religious freedoms. Is there no balm in Africa to heal the wound of God�s people? This article examined the principles of healing and reconciliation as understood in the South African cosmology and how or whether they could be applied by the pastoral ministry to enhance the recovery and restoration of African Christian communities in post-conflict situations. To get the relevant data, the authors engaged literature written on these concepts of healing and reconciliation and how they are applied in a broader context. The authors also used their experiences in the field of healing to illustrate some points.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Although the article is focussed on the role of the pastoral ministry within the South African cosmology, this study has interdisciplinary implications in the disciplines of peacebuilding, mental health and psychosocial support. The author argues that when these social and cultural aspects of healing and reconciliation are taken into consideration, they could enhance post-conflict reconstruction and social transformation of post-conflict African communities.
Exodus of clergy: Responding to, reinterpreting or relinquishing the call
Authors: Joynt Shaun
Published: March 2017

�Who will lead the sheep when the shepherds are gone?� Clergy plays an important role in the establishing and sustaining of the church; without them, congregants will not be rooted in the faith nor will the faith be transmitted to the next generation. The shortage of clergy in the Roman Catholic Church and the distribution or displacement challenge facing the Protestant church pose a risk to the future of the church; therefore, the response of clergy to their call to full-time pastoral ministry is crucial for the continued existence of the church. The purpose of this study was to discover the variables involved in responding to the call to full-time pastoral ministry in a church. A grounded theory approach was used to discover the properties of the core category: �calling�. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were coded using Glaser and Strauss� grounded theory methodology. The core category �calling� included properties such as age, defining what a call is or is not; it evolves over time, it has an aspect of timing and it requires �worldly experience� to be effective. Osmer�s descriptive-empirical task was used as a practical theological lens through which to view the core category �calling�. The results indicated three responses by clergy who had left full-time pastoral ministry: not being called in the first place, a dual call (being bi-vocational) and being called but leaving anyway. Further research is needed to assist clergy in accurately identifying and developing their call to full-time pastoral ministry.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The research calls for an ongoing dialogue with regard to the concept of clergy calling and initiates this by means of a practical theology perspective of a grounded theory study. Future research recommendations are suggested.
Current status of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in animals & humans in India
Authors: Singh Ajay Vir , Chauhan Devendra Singh , Singh Shoor Vir , Kumar Vijay , Singh Abhinendra , Yadav Anjali , Yadav Virendra Singh
Published: March 2017

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has emerged as a major health problem for domestic livestock and human beings. Reduced per animal productivity of domestic livestock seriously impacts the economics of dairy farming globally. High to very high bioload of MAP in domestic livestock and also in the human population has been reported from north India. Presence of live MAP bacilli in commercial supplies of raw and pasteurized milk and milk products indicates its public health significance. MAP is not inactivated during pasteurization, therefore, entering into human food chain daily. Recovery of MAP from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease and animal healthcare workers suffering with chronic gastrointestinal problems indicate a close association of MAP with a number of chronic and other diseases affecting human health. Higher bioload of MAP in the animals increases the risk of exposure to the human population with MAP. This review summarizes the current status of MAP infection in animals as well as in human beings and also highlights the prospects of effective management and control of disease in animals to reduce the risk of exposure to human population.
Evolving management of insulinoma
Authors: Jyotsna Viveka P. , Pal Sujoy , Kandasamy D. , Gamanagatti S. , Garg P. K. , Raizada N. , Sahni Peush , Bal C. S. , Tandon N. , Ammini A. C.
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:

Since our previous study in 2006, several new modalities for localization of cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia such as multiphasic computed tomography (CT), multiphasic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), intraoperative ultrasound, and intra-arterial calcium infusion with arterial stimulation venous sampling (ASVS) have become available. Therefore, to evaluate the relative usefulness of various imaging modalities to guide future management in terms of diagnosis and patient care, we analyzed presentation and management of patients of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, medical records of patients admitted with endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia were retrieved. Data pertaining to clinical features, diagnosis, imaging, surgery and patient outcome were extracted. The localization of insulinoma by preoperative imaging techniques was compared with the findings at surgery to assess the accuracy of localization.

Results:

Fasting hypoglycaemia was present in all, and post-prandial hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose ≤50 mg/dl within four hours of meal) in 25.8 per cent. Mean duration of symptoms before reaching a diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia was 3.9 years. Mean duration of provocative fast was 21.8 h (range 6-48 h). Among the currently used imaging modalities, the sensitivity of localizing tumour was 79.3 per cent for multiphasic CT, 85 per cent for multiphasic MRI and 95 per cent for EUS. EUS detected tumour missed by both CT and MRI. All, except one of the operated patients, were cured by surgery.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results suggest that patients with insulinoma have a varied presentation. Multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRI/CT scan, EUS and ASVS may be complimentary in pre-operative localization.
Comparative study of clozapine versus risperidone in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Sahni Sukhtej , Chavan B. S. , Sidana Ajeet , Kalra Priyanka , Kaur Gurjit
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:

Clozapine may be more useful in treatment-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia for better symptoms control and improving quality of life. The current study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine versus risperidone in treatment-naive, first-episode patients of schizophrenia.

Methods:

This was a comparative, open-label, six months prospective study of treatment-naive, first-episode patients with schizophrenia between the age group of 18 and 40 yr diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) criteria. A total of 63 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to clozapine group or risperidone group using computer-generated random number tables. Eight patients were lost to follow up. The dosages of the respective drugs were kept in therapeutic range of 200-600 mg/day and 4-8 mg/day orally for clozapine and risperidone, respectively.

Results:

On general psychopathology score, after six months of intervention, clozapine led to 60.32 per cent mean reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia total score while risperidone led to 56.35 per cent mean reduction in PANSS total score, which meant more improvement with clozapine. Clozapine group was found to have significant improvement in quality of life (P = 0.04339). On Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale, clozapine was superior to risperidone. The most common side effects observed in clozapine group were oversedation (78.96%) and dizziness (55.23%), and in risperidone group, common side effects were rigidity (62.36%), sedation (38.69%), tremors (65.69%) and menstrual irregularities in 80.25 per cent of female patients.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The findings of this preliminary study showed clozapine as a better choice than risperidone in terms of efficacy, tolerability and better quality of life in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia. However, further studies need to be done on a larger group of patients to confirm the findings.
Assessment of striatal & postural deformities in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Kumar Hitesh
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:

Though striatal and postural deformities are known to occur commonly in atypical Parkinsonism patients, these may also be seen in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These are frequently misdiagnosed as joint or orthopaedic pathology leading to unnecessary investigations. This study was conducted to observe the various striatal and postural deformities among patients with PD in India.

Methods:

This study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute in north# India. Seventy consecutive patients with PD diagnosed as per the modified UK Brain Bank criteria were included. Various striatal (hand & foot) and postural (antecollis, camptocormia, scoliosis & Pisa syndrome) deformities and their relation with the duration of disease, severity [measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)] and levodopa intake were analyzed.

Results:

Of the 70 patients with PD, 34 (48.57%) had either striatal or postural deformities. Striatal foot was the most common deformity observed (25.71%). Camptocormia was the second most common deformity (20%). Striatal and postural deformities were seen in more advanced PD as suggested by significantly higher UPDRS and Hoehn and Yahr scale (P<0.001). Striatal deformities were more ipsilateral to PD symptom onset side (agreement 94.44%). Pisa and scoliosis concavity were more on contralateral side to PD symptoms onset side (66.67%).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results showed that striatal and postural deformities were common and present in about half of the patients with PD. These deformities we more common in patients with advanced stage of PD.
Postprandial glycaemic response of foxtail millet dosa in comparison to a rice dosa in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Narayanan Janani , Sanjeevi Vimala , Rohini U. , Trueman Patricia , Viswanathan Vijay
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:

Millets are rich source of dietary fibre and non-starchy polysaccharides with low glycaemic index (GI), hence can be used as a therapeutic diet. This study was conducted to estimate the effects of a millet-based dosa (foxtail dosa) compared to a rice dosa for breakfast on postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

The GI of rice dosa and foxtail millet dosa was estimated. A total of 105 T2DM participants were randomly selected for the study. The participants were on oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) and not on insulin. In this study, each individual served as their own control and experimental group. The postprandial increase in blood glucose was compared after a breakfast of rice dosa and millet dosa. Single and paired t test was used to note the change in blood glucose levels and the level of the significance.

Results:

The GI of foxtail millet dosa was 59.25 and rice dosa was 77.96. There was a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the postprandial glucose level of patients who consumed a millet-based dosa when compared to those who consumed a rice-based dosa. No significant reduction was observed in the fasting glucose levels.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The results suggested that replacing a rice-based breakfast item with a millet-based breakfast item lowers the postprandial blood glucose levels in T2DM patients. Thus, millets may have a protective role in the management of hyperglycaemia. Further studies need to be done in a systematic manner to confirm these findings.
Resource Seeking as Occupation: A Critical and Empirical Exploration
Authors: Aldrich Rebecca M. , Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Dickie Virginia A.
Published: March 2017

Occupational therapists and occupational scientists are committed to generating and using knowledge about occupation, but Western middle-class social norms regarding particular ways of doing have limited explorations of survival occupations. This article provides empirical evidence of the ways in which resource seeking constitutes an occupational response to situations of uncertain survival. Resource seeking includes a range of activities outside formal employment that aim to meet basic needs. On the basis of findings from 2 ethnographic studies, we critique the presumption of survival in guiding occupational therapy documents and the accompanying failure to recognize occupations that seem at odds with self-sufficiency. We argue that failing to name resource seeking in occupational therapy documents risks alignment with social, political, and economic trends that foster occupational injustices. If occupational therapists truly aim to meet society’s occupational needs, they must ensure that professional documents and discourses reflect the experiences of all people in society.
Embedding Questions During Online Lecture Capture to Promote Learning and Transfer of Knowledge
Authors: Griswold Lou Ann , Overson Catherine E. , Benassi Victor A.
Published: March 2017

We examined the effect of quizzing on students’ ability to apply lecture content to clinical examples on an in-class exam. Fifty-six occupational therapy students in a graduate-level course completed three online modules that included lectures, slide presentations, demonstrations, and video clips. Throughout each module, students were given “Learning Moments,” in which they were asked a question (Question condition); were asked to read a statement confirming the content presented (Study condition); or were not asked to do anything (Not Asked condition). The Question condition resulted in better exam performance than the combined Study and Not Asked conditions (p < .01), whereas performance on Study and Not Asked questions did not differ (p = .67). Students performed better on material on which they had been previously quizzed (i.e., testing effect). Quizzing may be a good strategy to prepare students for clinical practice.
Characteristics of Students Receiving Occupational Therapy Services in Transition and Factors Related to Postsecondary Success
Authors: Eismann Maria M. , Weisshaar Rebecca , Capretta Cristina , Cleary Dennis S. , Kirby Anne V. , Persch Andrew C.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE. This study had a twofold purpose: (1) identify the characteristics of people with disabilities who received occupational therapy services during their transition to adulthood and (2) determine factors associated with their successful postsecondary transition.

METHOD. This study was a secondary analysis of National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 data. Data analyses include descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and simple linear regression.

RESULTS. Autism, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability were the most commonly reported disability classifications. Participation in postsecondary education was significantly associated with functional use of arms and hands. Postsecondary employment was significantly associated with verbal comprehension. Participation in community activities was significantly related to students’ health status, and participation in community service was significantly related to students’ functional use of arms and hands.

CONCLUSION. Providing transition services to students with disabilities remains an emerging area of practice. Occupational therapy practitioners may contribute to transition teams by intervening to improve functional abilities and health status.
Lean Construction Implementation in the Saudi Arabian Construction Industry
Authors: Sarhan Jamil Ghazi , Xia Bo , Fawzia Sabrina , Karim Azharul
Published: March 2017

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has witnessed a huge increase in construction during the last two decades. However, many projects experienced time delays, cost overruns and the generation of massive amounts of waste. To address these challenges, lean construction has been introduced into the Saudi construction industry; however, it is still in its infancy. This study therefore investigates the current state of lean construction implementation in the construction industry in the KSA. The objectives are to identify: the types of construction waste, level of use of tools that support the implementation of lean construction, stages of application of lean methods, and the benefits of lean construction. To achieve these objectives, a structured questionnaire survey of 282 construction professionals was carried out. After the analysis of the collected data using mean score and Anova test, the following conclusions were made.  In the construction industry in the KSA, waiting is the most common type of waste, while Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the conventional tool supporting the implementation of lean construction. Furthermore, the data suggests that lean construction is most commonly used in the construction stage of projects while customer satisfaction is the main benefit derived from lean construction practices. This study concludes that the level of implementation of lean construction in the KSA construction industry is increasing. The results will help benchmark the current state of lean construction implementation, which will enable the construction industry to identify strategies to implement lean construction in Saudi Arabia in accordance with their needs and project goals, to achieve better productivity.
Hygroscopic properties of aminium sulfate aerosols
Authors: Rovelli Grazia , Miles Rachael E. H. , Reid Jonathan P. , Clegg Simon L.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Alkylaminium sulfates originate from the neutralisation reaction between short-chained amines and sulfuric acid and have been detected in atmospheric aerosol particles. Their physicochemical behaviour is less well characterised than their inorganic equivalent, ammonium sulfate, even though they play a role in atmospheric processes such as the nucleation and growth of new particles and cloud droplet formation. In this work, a comparative evaporation kinetics experimental technique using a cylindrical electrodynamic balance is applied to determine the hygroscopic properties of six short-chained alkylaminium sulfates, specifically mono-, di-, and tri-methylaminium sulfate and mono-, di-, and tri-ethyl aminium sulfate. This approach allows for the retrieval of a water-activity-dependent growth curve in less than 10 s, avoiding the uncertainties that can arise from the volatilisation of semi-volatile components. Measurements are made on particles > 5 µm in radius, avoiding the need to correct equilibrium measurements for droplet-surface curvature with assumed values of the droplet-surface tension. Variations in equilibrium solution droplet composition with varying water activity are reported over the range 0.5 to > 0.98, along with accurate parameterisations of solution density and refractive index. The uncertainties in water activities associated with the hygroscopicity measurements are typically < ±0.2 % at water activities > 0.9 and  ∼  ±1 % below 0.9, with maximum uncertainties in diameter growth factors of ±0.7 %. Comparison with previously reported measurements show deviation across the entire water activity range.
Spectroscopic real-time monitoring of NO2 for city scale modelling
Authors: Hundt P. Morten , Müller Michael , Mangold Markus , Tuzson Béla , Scheidegger Philipp , Looser Herbert , Hüglin Christoph , Emmenegger Lukas
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Detailed knowledge about the urban NO2 concentration field is a key element for obtaining accurate, individual exposure estimates. These are required for improving the understanding of the impact of ambient NO2 on human health and for related air quality measures. We developed a compact and robust quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) and deployed it on a tram in the city of Zurich (Switzerland) to perform mobile real-time concentration measurements of NO2. Thorough analysis of the obtained NO2 data, for instance by comparison with data from fixed air quality monitoring (AQM) sites, revealed the instrument to be highly accurate and valuable for collection of data that can be used in statistical models for the calculation of spatio-temporally resolved NO2 concentration maps. The combination of fast mobile measurements with AQM data proved to be very suitable, but the statistical data analysis also showed that a single mobile instrument is not sufficient in the studied urban area, for mainly two reasons: (i) short residence close to sources with large short-term NO2 variations and (ii) limited representativeness of the tram tracks for the entire urban environment.
Correlation between Choroidal Thickness and Degree of Myopia Assessed with Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: El-Shazly Amany A. , Farweez Yousra A. , ElSebaay Marwa E. , El-Zawahry Walid M.A.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To assess the choroidal thickness in different degrees of myopia using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) compared with healthy subjects.

Methods

We included 240 patients with myopia and 60 emmetropes as controls. Participants underwent full ophthalmologic examination, axial length measurement, and EDI-OCT imaging of the choroid. Choroidal thickness (CT) was measured at 5 locations, including subfoveal (SFCT), 2 mm nasal, temporal, upper, and lower to fovea.

Results

Choroidal thickness was significantly lower in myopic eyes compared to controls. Regardless of the degree of myopia, nasal regions showed the lowest CT with decremental pattern with advance of myopia (low myopia 279.00 ± 24.50 µm, moderate myopia 269.58 ± 20.69 µm, high myopia 189.58 ± 25.95 µm, advanced myopia 96.75 ± 24.83 µm). Highest CT was variable according to the degree of myopia with decremental pattern with advance of myopia (low myopia in subfoveal region 354.40 ± 35.14 µm, moderate myopia in temporal region 337.87 ± 35.75 µm, high myopia in lower region 312.15 ± 38.90 µm, and advanced myopia in upper region 201.25 ± 18.27 µm). Axial length showed significant negative correlation with SFCT and CT in different studied regions.

Conclusions

Different degrees of myopia showed thinner choroidal thickness than that of normal control eyes with decremental thinning with progress of myopia. This might be secondary to the longer axial length, which was the determining factor in some locations such as subfoveal, nasal, and upper CT.
Deep Capillary Macular Perfusion Indices Obtained with OCT Angiography Correlate with Degree of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sambhav Kumar , Abu-Amero Khaled K. , Chalam Kakarla V.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the integrity of macular and temporomacular vasculature in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with noninvasive optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and correlate perfusion indices with degree of NPDR.

Methods

In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, 102 eyes with newly diagnosed NPDR (mild NPDR, 36; moderate NPDR, 21; severe NPDR, 13; NPDR with diabetic macular edema [DME], 32) underwent OCTA. Sixty eyes of normal subjects served as control. Degree of NPDR (based on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria) was confirmed with fluorescein angiography. Automated OCTA/split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography software generated perfusion indices (vessel density and flow index) from images of the retina. The perfusion index of superficial and deep retinal plexuses was obtained in both perifoveal (central 1-3 mm) and parafoveal (3-6 mm) areas.

Results

Deep plexus parafoveal vessel density was 25.23% (±6.1) in mild NPDR, 20.16% (±6.16) in moderate NPDR, 11.16% (±4.16) in severe NPDR, and 17.91% (±4.42) in NPDR + DME compared to normal subjects (36.93% [±8.1]; (p<0.01). Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) between vessel density and level of NPDR severity in the parafoveal region showed inverse correlation for both superficial (rs -0.87; p = 0.083) and deep (rs -0.96; p = 0.017) plexus. Similarly, when vessel density of the perifoveal region was compared with level of NPDR severity, inverse correlation was noted in both superficial (rs -0.85; p = 0.08) and deep (rs -0.98; p = 0.011) plexus.

Conclusions

Optical coherence tomography angiography clearly delineated the retinal microcirculation and allowed quantification of vascular perfusion of each layer. As diabetic retinopathy progressed, a decrease in perfusion index is more pronounced in the deep retinal plexus and precedes changes in superficial plexus.
A Randomized Study of the Efficacy and Safety of 0.1% Cyclosporine a Cationic Emulsion in Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dry Eye
Authors: Baudouin Christophe , Figueiredo Francisco C. , Messmer Elisabeth M. , Ismail Dahlia , Amrane Mourad , Garrigue Jean-Sébastien , Bonini Stefano , Leonardi Andrea
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The SICCANOVE study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.1% cyclosporine A cationic emulsion (CsA CE) versus vehicle in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED).

Methods

In this multicenter, double-masked, parallel-group, controlled study, patients were randomized (1:1) to receive CsA CE (Ikervis®) or vehicle for 6 months. The co-primary efficacy endpoints at month 6 were mean change from baseline in corneal fluorescein staining (CFS; modified Oxford scale) and in global ocular discomfort (visual analogue scale [VAS]).

Results

The mean change in CFS from baseline to month 6 (CsA CE: n = 241; vehicle: n = 248) was significantly greater with CsA CE than with vehicle (-1.05 ± 0.98 and -0.82 ± 0.94, respectively; p = 0.009). Ocular discomfort improved similarly in both groups; however, the percentage of patients with ≥25% improvement in VAS was significantly higher with CsA CE (50.2%) than with vehicle (41.9%; p = 0.048). In a post hoc analysis of patients with severe ocular surface damage (CFS score 4) at baseline (CsA CE: n = 43; vehicle: n = 42), the percentage of patients with improvements of ≥2 grades in CFS score and ≥30% in Ocular Surface Disease Index score was significantly greater with CsA CE (p = 0.003). Treatment compliance and ocular tolerability were satisfactory and as expected for CsA use.

Conclusion

Cyclosporine A CE was well-tolerated and effectively improved signs and symptoms in patients with moderate to severe DED over 6 months, especially in patients with severe disease, who are at risk of irreversible corneal damage.
Timeline of Authorization and Reimbursement for Oncology Drugs in Italy in the Last 3 Years
Authors: Prada Mariangela , Ruggeri Matteo , Sansone Carmen , De Fazio Dalila , Tettamanti Alessia , Mantovani Matteo
Published: March 2017

Introduction

The main purpose of this analysis was to quantify the time elapsed between the validation date of European Medicines Agency (EMA) centralized procedure and the first purchase of a product by at least 1 Italian health care structure, evaluating different variables that affect the process, the number of products approved by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) that are available on the Italian market (July 2016), and the impact of the Cnn class for oncology drugs in Italy.

Methods

A panel of oncology products has been defined, which considered drugs approved by the EMA between January 2013 and December 2015, and authorized for the treatment of oncology diseases, excluding generics. Data were obtained via the EMA website by the Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA; the Italian Medicine Agency) meeting reports, by official administrative acts of marketing authorization, and the date of the first purchase (first day of the first handling month).

Results

The mean time of EMA evaluation for the considered panel of medicines was about 441 days (standard deviation (SD) 108; range 266-770); the average approval time for AIFA was about 248 days (SD 131; range 85-688). Interestingly, the mean AIFA evaluation time decreased significantly from 264 days for products submitted to AIFA assessment in 2013-2014 to 219 days for products evaluated in 2015-2016. Focusing on the regional access, both the timing and the number of drugs available for patients were widely different from region to region.

Discussion

A reduction in the approval time in the last 2 years has been observed in Italy. However, several variables influence the efficiency of the process and need to be addressed to make the access to drugs timely and efficient.
Chyluria: The State of the Art
Authors: Guttilla Andrea , Beltrami Paolo , Bettin Laura , Galantini Andrea , Dal Moro Fabrizio , Ficarra Vincenzo , Zattoni Filiberto
Published: March 2017

Chyluria is the passage of chyle in the urine. The cause seems to be the rupture of retroperitoneal lymphatics into the pyelocaliceal system, giving urine a milky appearance. This communication is caused by the obstruction of lymphatic drainage proximal to intestinal lacteals, resulting in dilatation of distal lymphatics and the eventual rupture of lymphatic vessels into the urinary collecting system.

This condition, if left untreated, leads to significant morbidity because of hematochyluria, recurrent renal colic, nutritional problems due to protein losses and immunosuppression resulting from lymphocyturia.

In this review, we summarize the state of the art of this condition and the newest treatments available.
A ideia de poder na perspectiva da teoria política: complexidade e visibilidade
Authors: Hecktheuer Fabio Rychecki , Chagas Afonso Maria das
Published: March 2017

O poder e sua lógica estão longe de ser algo de fácil compreensão. Entre o mito e a racionalidade do poder transitam abordagens que evidenciam a complexidade desse fenômeno. Elementos de contato e de confronto permeabilizam tal compreensão. Tal poder, seja materializado nas conjunções do poder político estatal, seja manifesto nos distintos ajustes sociais, remetem a um jogo de relações e reações. Importante ainda buscar perceber que a dimensão de fenômeno com o qual se reveste tal poder em suas distintas expressões perpassa por todo um aparato simbólico, verbalizado em diferentes e divergentes discursos e, como tal, instrumentaliza-se em vários mecanismos que vão da conquista à manutenção desse mesmo poder. Um processo de desconstrução ideológica faz-se necessário na compreensão de tal fenômeno. É no esforço de desvendar tal compreensão que este artigo se projeta.
O xadrez da organização do espaço: o jogo do(s) plano(s) no território do município
Authors: Queiroz Neto Exzolvildres , Ribeiro Karoline , Vargas Luciane
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho é resultado de um processo de revisão bibliográfica envolvendo referenciais teórico-conceituais do planejamento urbano e regional, organização do espaço e do
território para uma pesquisa do uso e ocupação do solo na interface periurbana de Foz do Iguaçu, PR, que se iniciou em 2012 e foi concluída em 2014. A bibliografia analisada corresponde ao final dos anos de 1970 até os anos 2000 cujos trabalhos descortinam o processo de transição conceitual, pós-ditadura militar no Brasil, prenunciando a busca por uma abordagem mais democrática e crítica em relação ao território. O eixo da análise tem por objeto a concepção de uma cidadania territorial que foi preconizada pela Constituição de 1988, subsidiária do Estatuto da Cidade e, consequentemente, de sua ferramenta de planejamento, o plano diretor. É possível identificar um jogo de ações e tomadas de decisões contraditórias na composição do território do município. O artigo no formato de um ensaio visa contribuir para a análise teórica ao demonstrar as variáveis políticas, sociais, espaciais, metodológicas e econômicas que se inter-relacionam a partir do espaço e expõem a complexidade do território do município ao tratarmos do planejamento e da gestão pública. O texto será composto pela introdução, o marco teórico-conceitual, em que é estruturada a filigrana do problema da organização do espaço, e por fim as considerações finais.

Palavras-chave: Organização do espaço. Planejamento do território. Ordenamento territorial. Escalas espaciais.
Orientação para o mercado de empresas de base tecnológica produtoras de software: uma análise à luz do modelo de George Day
Authors: Mesquita Júnior Agnelo Câmara de , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho analisa os elementos e processos que integram a orientação para o mercado (OPM) no segmento de tecnologia da informação e comunicação em empresas de base tecnológica da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco. Para tanto, são descritos os conceitos de empresa de base tecnológica e de processo de OPM, com atenção especial ao modelo proposto por George Day. Foi conduzido um estudo de caso cuja população é composta por duas empresas pernambucanas que desenvolvem softwares como principal atividade. O instrumento de coleta utilizado foi uma entrevista elaborada com base em um questionário concebido por Day, capaz de estabelecer características típicas das organizações orientadas para o mercado e fornecer subsídios necessários à implementação de aperfeiçoamentos por gestores e colaboradores.
Palavras-chave: Marketing. Orientação ao mercado. Tecnologia da informação.
ATENDIMENTO AO ADOLESCENTE USUÁRIO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS PSICOATIVAS: PAPEL DO CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Paim Bruna Rios , Porta Daniele Dalla , Sarzi Diana Mara , Cardinal Mirela Frantz , Siqueira Daiana Foggiato de , Mello Amanda De Lemos , Terra Marlene Gomes
Published: March 2017

O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o papel de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas no atendimento ao adolescente usuário de substâncias psicoativas, na perspectiva dos profissionais que atuam no conselho tutelar e no judiciário. Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada entre junho e agosto de 2015, em serviços da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial ao adolescente, em um município do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 profissionais da Assistência Social e do Judiciário. Após análise dos dados, emergiram duas categorias: O papel do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras drogas; e, Desafios no atendimento prestado aos adolescentes pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras drogas. Conclui-se que há necessidade das intervenções realizadas com adolescentes usuários estarem pautadas na perspectiva interdisciplinar, intersetorial e com profissionais qualificados, a fim de potencializar as ações de atenção à saúde para atender essa demanda.
NEUROPATIA PERIFÉRICA E SINAIS CLÍNICOS DE SÍNDROME CORONARIANA AGUDA EM PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Oliveira Caroline Helena De Paschoal , Moreira Rita Simone Lopes , Guizilini Solange , Santos Vinicius Batista
Published: March 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de neuropatia periférica em pacientes diabéticos com síndrome coronariana aguda e sua associação com a intensidade dos sinais clínicos. Estudo prospectivo, transversal e quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados de novembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016 em um hospital na cidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados os sinais clínicos apresentados pelos pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda portadores de diabetes mellitus e o nível de neuropatia periférica pela Escala de Sintomas Neuropáticos. Foram avaliados 50 pacientes, apresentaram dor precordial em aperto em 33 (66%) participantes, além da sudorese e dispneia. Sintomas neuropáticos foram identificados em 33 (66%) pacientes, não observada associação entre o nível de neuropatia e a intensidade dos sinais clínicos da síndrome coronariana aguda. A avaliação clínica realizada pelo enfermeiro em pacientes diabéticos com síndrome coronariana aguda deve ser feita de forma rigorosa, principalmente nos pacientes que podem apresentar sinais clínicos atípicos dependendo do grau de neuropatia periférica.
Airborne Particulate Matter from Sparkling Fireworks
Authors: Shimazu Haruki
Published: March 2017

The present study examines the emission levels of particulate matters (PM) from sparkling fireworks and to know the emission characteristics of PM. Particulate matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were determined while burning six brands of sparkling fireworks. The average PM concentrations before burning were levels of 10 μg/m3, but the average concentrations after burning were 741 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 810 μg/m3 for SPM. The mean ratio of the concentrations of PM2.5 and SPM after burning in all of the sparkling fireworks was 0.890. The emissions per firework ranged from 6.5 mg to 151 mg for PM2.5, and from 7.1 mg to 160 mg for SPM. The means of the emissions per combustible amount of the firework ranged from 0.017 to 0.066 mg/mg for PM2.5, and from 0.018 to 0.071 mg/mg for SPM. The influences of the burning time, burning rate and combustible amount of the fireworks on the PM emissions were investigated. As a result, PM2.5 and SPM emissions tend to increase with the burning rates. This suggests that the burning rate of firework have an influence on the PM emissions.