bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and nilotinib, in murine lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury during neutropenia recovery
Authors: Kim In Kyoung , Rhee Chin Kook , Yeo Chang Dong , Kang Hyeon Hui , Lee Dong Gun , Lee Sang Haak , Kim Jin Woo
Published: June 2013

Introduction

Neutrophil recovery has been implicated in deterioration of oxygenation and exacerbation of preexisting acute lung injury (ALI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether imatinib or nilotinib was effective on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI during neutropenia recovery in mice.

Methods

Mice were rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide prior to the intratracheal instillation of LPS. Imatinib or nilotinib was administrated by oral gavage during neutropenia recovery. In order to study the effects of drugs, mice were killed on day 5 and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue samples were obtained. The lung wet/dry weight ratio and protein levels in the BAL fluid or lung tissue were determined.

Results

Treatment with imatinib or nilotinib significantly attenuated the LPS-induced pulmonary edema, and this result was supported by the histopathological examination. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and myeloperoxidase in BAL fluid were significantly inhibited by imatinib or nilotinib in mice of ALI during neutropenia recovery. The mRNA expressions of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β and c-KIT in imatinib or nilotinib group were significantly lower than LPS group.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that imatinib or nilotinib effectively attenuated LPS-induced ALI during neutropenia recovery. These results provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of imatinib and nilotinib in ALI during neutropenia recovery.
Change in effective bulk modulus upon fluid or solid substitution
Authors: Saxena Nishank , Mavko Gary , Mukerji Tapan
Published: June 2013

Gassmann’s equations, which are frequently used to predict the change in elastic properties of fluid-filled rocks upon substitution of one pore fluid with another, are not applicable for solid-filled rocks, i.e., when the pore material has nonnegligible shear modulus. Examples of such naturally occurring solid materials are heavy oil, cold bitumen, kerogen, clay, etc. Using volume averaging, we derived an exact solid substitution equation for isotropic effective bulk modulus for porous media with solid-filled pores. This exact equation generally requires an additional stiffness, which might not be directly measured or known. However, we established rigorous inequalities between this additional stiffness and other measurable effective stiffnesses. An exact expression had previously been obtained for the effective bulk modulus of solid-filled rocks by invoking a heuristic parameter. We clarified the physical significance of this parameter. We found that the approximate solid substitution equation previously suggested was limited to rocks such as those with identical stiff ellipsoidal pores, and its predictions do not always fall within Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. This is so because this approximation implicitly assumes homogeneous pore pressure and no change in pore-filling shear modulus upon solid substitution. We proposed new solid substitution approximations that provide a better match with numerical simulations and laboratory data, and we provided a step-by-step recipe for practitioners.
White, Brown, Beige/Brite: Different Adipose Cells for Different Functions?
Authors: Giralt Marta , Villarroya Francesc
Published: June 2013

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major site of nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals. Rodent studies indicated that BAT thermogenic activity may protect against obesity. Recent findings using novel radiodiagnosis procedures revealed unanticipated high activity of BAT in adult humans. Moreover, complex processes of cell differentiation leading to the appearance of active brown adipocytes have been recently identified. The brown adipocytes clustered in defined anatomical BAT depots of rodents arise from mesenchymal precursor cells common to the myogenic cell lineage. They are being called “classical” or “developmentally programmed” brown adipocytes. However, brown adipocytes may appear after thermogenic stimuli at anatomical sites corresponding to white adipose tissue (WAT). This process is called the “browning” of WAT. The brown adipocytes appearing in WAT derive from precursor cells different from those in classical BAT and are closer to the white adipocyte cell lineage. The brown adipocytes appearing in WAT are often called “inducible, beige, or brite.” The appearance of these inducible brown adipocytes in WAT may also involve transdifferentiation processes of white-to-brown adipose cells. There is no evidence that the ultimate thermogenic function of the beige/brite adipocytes differs from that of classical brown adipocytes, although some genetic data in rodents suggest a relevant role of the browning process in protection against obesity. Although the activation of classical BAT and the browning process share common mechanisms of induction (eg, noradrenergic-mediated induction by cold), multiple novel adrenergic-independent endocrine factors that activate BAT and the browning of WAT have been identified recently. In adult humans, BAT is mainly composed of beige/brite adipocytes, although recent data indicate the persistence of classical BAT at some anatomical sites. Understanding the biological processes controlling brown adipocyte activity and differentiation could help the design of BAT-focused strategies to increase energy expenditure and fight against obesity.
Generators for modules of vector-valued Picard modular forms
Authors: Cléry Fabien , Geer Gerard Van Der
Published: June 2013

We construct generators for modules of vector-valued Picard modular forms on a unitary group of type (2, 1) over the Eisenstein integers. We also calculate eigenvalues of Hecke operators acting on cusp forms.
On Joint Ruin Probabilities of a Two-Dimensional Risk Model with Constant Interest Rate
Authors: Hu Zechun , Jiang Bin
Published: June 2013

In this note we consider the two-dimensional risk model introduced in Avram, Palmowski and Pistorius (2008) with constant interest rate. We derive the integral-differential equations of the Laplace transforms, and asymptotic expressions for the finite-time ruin probabilities with respect to the joint ruin times Tmax(u1,u2) and Tmin(u1,u2) respectively.
Heat Treatment Study of γ + α2 Ti Aluminides Obtained through Reaction Synthesis and Hot Deformation
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Pant Bhanu , Agarwala Vijaya , Sinha P. P.
Published: June 2013

Ti aluminides based on γ + α2 has industrial importance due to its high temperature properties coupled with low density. Processing difficulty involved in this alloy has limited its application. Alternate processing route like reaction synthesis in combination with isothermal hot working has lot of potential. Further, heat treatment of hot worked material governs the properties of the alloy. In the present paper, heat treatment of reaction synthesized plus hot worked material has been studied to obtain desirable microstructure and phases. Five alloys of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb with minor addition of boron and Ni-P coated boron is made with two different particle size of Ti powder. Homogenized and worked alloy samples are heat treated to obtain two-phase microstructure useful for high temperature application. Heat treated samples are characterized for individual phases through optical microscopy, hardness measurement and electron microscopy. An attempt has been made to study the role of boron on development of various phases and microstructure.
Aircraft Image Recognition System Using Phase Correlation Method
Authors: Roopa K. , Murthy T.V. Rama
Published: June 2013

This article describes the aircraft image recognition system implemented using the phase correlation technique in Matlab environment. The phase correlation is computed by using the normalized cross-power spectrum between the database and the template test image. The main objective of this article is to develop methods for static analysis of aircraft images. An unknown fighter aircraft is recognized by comparing its static image with those from a database of images of aircraft. This work is a research initiative involving the use of image processing techniques to detect three-dimensional (3D) aircraft object based on their 2D images, providing feedback information for strategic purposes. The phase correlation technique is found to give a better recognition result for the set of database and test images considered, compared with the invariant moments. The phase correlation method is also used in other areas such as image registration. Aircraft images used include those from AeroIndia 2011 held at Bangalore, India.
A haemorheologiai vizsgálatok kísérletes sebészeti vonatkozásairól
Authors: Németh Norbert , Kiss Ferenc , Furka István , Mikó Irén
Published: June 2013

Absztrakt

A haemorheologiai paraméterek, mint a teljes vér- és plasmaviszkozitás, a haematocrit, a fibrinogénkoncentráció, valamint a vörösvérsejtek microrheologiai tulajdonságai (vörösvérsejt-deformabilitás és -aggregatio) fontos szerepet játszanak a szöveti perfusio biztosításában. A keringés különböző szakaszain e haemorheologiai paraméterek változatos és egymásra kölcsönösen ható összefüggései nagyban meghatározzák a haemodynamicai tulajdonságokat is. A bármely okból megváltozott haemorheologiai status az érfalra kifejtett nyíróerőprofil megváltozása révén közvetlenül hat az endothelialis funkcióra, a mikrokeringés területén a vörösvérsejt-deformabilitásban és -aggregatióban bekövetkező romlás (rigidebb vörösvérsejtek jelenléte, illetve fokozott vörösvérsejt-aggregatio) lassítja a mikrokeringést. Sebészeti vonatkozású kutatásokban a különböző beavatkozásoknál szükségszerűen alkalmazott érleszorítások-felengedések ischaemia-reperfusiós következményekkel járnak, ami számos ponton hat a vörösvérsejtek tulajdonságaira: pH-, ozmolaritás- és laktátkoncentráció-változás, szabadgyök-reakció okozta károsodások, NO-hatások, mechanikus trauma. E folyamatok pontos feltárása, a változások reverzibilitás-irreverzibilitás határának megtalálása segíthet a szöveti perfusióban, a mikrokeringésben bekövetkező változások jobb megértésében, a megelőzési és terápiás vonatkozások, lehetőségek kidolgozásában. A kísérletes sebészet kihívásai kiterjednek ezenkívül a különböző mérőmódszerek összehasonlíthatósági kérdéseire, a kísérleti/laboratóriumi állatfajok közötti különbségek jobb megértésére, hogy az eredmények értékelhetősége biztonságosabb legyen, s hogy az eredeti, klinikai kérdésre keresett válasz is közelebb kerülhessen a hasznosíthatósághoz.
A DE OEC Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszék oktatási tevékenységének főbb mutatói 2000–2013 között
Authors: Pető Katalin , Németh Norbert , Lesznyák Tamás , Furka István , Mikó Irén
Published: June 2013

Absztrakt

A szerzők áttekintést adnak a DE OEC Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszék oktatómunkájának főbb mutatóiról 2000–2013 között mind a graduális, mind a posztgraduális oktatás terén. A jelzett periódusban több új tantárgy került bevezetésre, új kurzusok indultak, korábbi tárgyaknál óraszámváltozások történtek. Az oktatási tematika bővült, az oktatási anyag jelentős átalakításon, fejlesztésen ment keresztül: új oktatófilmek, jegyzetek és egy új tankönyv született ebben az időszakban. A gyakorlati oktatásban a hangsúly áttevődött az élő szöveten végzett beavatkozásokról a modelleken (oktatástechnikai és fantommodellek, biomodellek) történő gyakorlatokra. A tanszék oktatómunkája több alkalommal részesült komoly támogatásban (anyagi támogatás, műszerbeszerzés, műszerkészlet-adományozás) saját egyetemünk, partnercégek, valamint HEFOP- és TÁMOP-pályázatok elnyerése révén. Infrastrukturális lehetőségeink is javultak, ami a fenti tényezőkkel együtt hozzájárult ahhoz, hogy az elmúlt években emelkedett az oktatómunka színvonala és az oktatott hallgatók létszáma a graduális és posztgraduális oktatásban egyaránt. Mindezen változások-fejlesztések bemutatásra kerültek különböző szakmai fórumokon, illetve közleményekben is egyúttal komoly minőségellenőrzésként is.
Removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V) from aqueous media by goethite
Authors: Xi Jianhong , He Mengchang
Published: June 2013

This study investigated the removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V) from aqueous media through their adsorption onto oxide minerals (goethite) under a set of conditions (initial Sb concentration, pH, reaction time, and interaction temperature). The kinetic studies suggested that the adsorption equilibriums for both Sb(III) and Sb(V) were achieved within 24 h. The adsorption data collected at three different temperatures were successfully modeled using both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption of Sb(III) onto goethite was greater than that of Sb(V) at the three investigated temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were calculated from the dependence of the adsorption process on the reaction temperature, and the calculated parameters suggest that the adsorption of both Sb(III) and Sb(V) onto goethite is spontaneously endothermic. The adsorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V) on goethite was dependent on pH within the investigated pH range.
The effect of the pool and riffle on dissolved, non-conservative mass transport in rivers
Authors: Halket Ian H. , Rasmussen Peter F. , Doering John C.
Published: June 2013

One-dimensional substance transport models assume that the river reach modelled has a uniform cross-sectional shape which manifests as a constant average velocity in the model equations. Rarely do rivers meet this criterion. Their channels are seldom uniform in shape but rather alternate in a quasi-periodic manner between pool and riffle sections. This bedform sequencing imparts a corresponding variation in the average cross-sectional velocity which is not accounted for in constant velocity transport models. The literature points out that the pool and riffle planform may be the reason for the sometimes poor predictions obtained from these models. This paper presents a new variable velocity transport model and confirms that the fluctuation in average cross-sectional velocity caused by the pool and riffle planform does have a marked effect on transport in rivers. The pool and riffle planform promotes an enhanced decay of a substance when a first-order biochemical reaction is simulated with the new transport equation. Investigation of the analytical solution shows that the enhanced decay is the result of the overall lower velocity experienced in a pool and riffle channel as opposed to a uniform channel. This difference in transport velocity between a pool and riffle channel and a uniform channel becomes more pronounced as flow declines a critical finding for total maximum daily load calculations because these regulatory limits are usually determined for low flow levels by models that do not account for this phenomenon.
Data Management of Confidential Data
Authors: Lagoze Carl , Block William C. , Williams Jeremy , Abowd John , Vilhuber Lars
Published: June 2013

Social science researchers increasingly make use of data that is confidential because it contains linkages to the identities of people, corporations, etc. The value of this data lies in the ability to join the identifiable entities with external data, such as genome data, geospatial information, and the like. However, the confidentiality of this data is a barrier to its utility and curation, making it difficult to fulfil US federal data management mandates and interfering with basic scholarly practices, such as validation and reuse of existing results. We describe the complexity of the relationships among data that span a public and private divide. We then describe our work on the CED2AR prototype, a first step in providing researchers with a tool that spans this divide and makes it possible for them to search, access and cite such data.
Migration of extraluminal tracheal ring prostheses after tracheoplasty for treatment of tracheal collapse in a dog
Authors: Moser John E. , Geels Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2013

Case Description—An 8-year-old castrated male Yorkshire Terrier was evaluated because of a 1-month history of inspiratory dyspnea that began 2.5 years after placement of extraluminal tracheal ring prostheses for tracheal collapse.

Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed severe inspiratory dyspnea. Cervicothoracic radiography revealed a soft tissue opacity within the lumen of the cervical portion of the trachea at approximately the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. Tracheobronchoscopy revealed 2 prosthetic rings protruding into the tracheal lumen.

Treatment and Outcome—The dog was anesthetized, and the 2 protruding tracheal ring prostheses were removed via separate tracheotomies. Tracheoscopy was performed after surgery, and a third prosthetic ring that was found freely floating within the tracheal lumen was removed with an endoscopic grasping forceps. The dog recovered without complications. Dyspnea resolved within the first 2 weeks after surgery. Follow-up examination performed 6 months after surgery revealed that the dog was breathing normally, with no dyspnea or coughing reported by the owner.

Clinical Relevance—Migration of extraluminal tracheal ring prostheses should be included in the differential diagnoses for any dog with dyspnea or persistent coughing after surgical correction of cervical tracheal collapse. Surgical removal of the protruding prosthetic rings, without provision of additional tracheal support, was a viable treatment option in this case.
Assessment of serum amyloid A testing of horses and its clinical application in a specialized equine practice
Authors: Belgrave Rodney L. , Dickey Meranda M. , Arheart Kristopher L. , Cray Carolyn
Published: June 2013

Objective—To compare serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration, total WBC count, and serum albumin-to-globulin concentration ratio (A:G ratio) in clinically normal (CN) and clinically abnormal (CA) horses.

Design—Prospective cohort study.

Animals—111 CN horses and 101 CA horses hospitalized at a specialty clinical practice.

Procedures—Shortly after admission, a blood sample (20 mL) was collected from each horse for a CBC, serum protein electrophoresis, and determination of plasma fibrinogen concentration; SAA concentration was assessed with a previously validated immunoturbi-dometric assay. Similar testing of a subset of CA horses was conducted at various points during treatment.

Results—Total WBC count, A:G ratio, and SAA concentration were determined for all 212 horses; data regarding plasma fibrinogen concentration were available for 127 horses (of which 47 were CN and 80 were CA). Median SAA concentration, total WBC count, and plasma fibrinogen concentration and mean A:G ratio differed significantly between CN horses and CA horses. Correlations between these variables were poor to weak. For discrimination of CN horses from CA horses, the SAA assay had sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 94% (diagnostic accuracy, 75%); for the other assessments, accuracy ranged from 59% to 62%. Repeated assessment of SAA concentration in some CA horses revealed a gradual return to normal concentrations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that assessment of SAA concentration can provide valuable information regarding the clinical state of horses and may be more useful for patient monitoring and as a prognostic indicator than are traditional markers of inflammation.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinary facility owners regarding rabies preexposure prophylaxis—West Virginia, 2011
Authors: Taylor Tegwin K. , Radcliffe Rachel A. , Bixler Danae
Published: June 2013

Objective—To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies preexposure prophylaxis among veterinary facility owners in West Virginia and to compare facilities in counties where raccoon rabies virus variant (RRVV) is or is not enzootic.

Design—Cross-sectional telephone survey.

Sample—124 owners of facilities licensed by the West Virginia Board of Veterinary Medicine.

Procedures—In 2011, an owner of each licensed facility in West Virginia was contacted by telephone to complete a questionnaire regarding practice demographics, knowledge of rabies epidemiology, and preexposure prophylaxis policies. Data from facilities in counties where RRVV is enzootic were compared with data from facilities in counties where RRVV is not enzootic. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to quantify the strength of associations.

Results—Owners of 124 of the 162 (77%) veterinary facilities participated in the survey. West Virginia veterinarians were knowledgeable of rabies epidemiology in the state. Respondents agreed that veterinarians (122/124 [98%]) and technicians and assistants (111/124 [90%]) should receive preexposure prophylaxis. Fifty-six (45%) respondents required that veterinarians receive preexposure prophylaxis, whereas 19 (15%) respondents required that technicians and assistants receive preexposure prophylaxis. A preexposure prophylaxis policy was in effect at 20 of 64 (31%) facilities in counties where RRVV is enzootic and 6 of 60 (10%) facilities in counties where RRVV is not enzootic. Concerns related to cost of preexposure prophylaxis were reported.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Except for veterinarians, veterinary staff in West Virginia did not commonly receive preexposure prophylaxis or regular assessments of serum rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers. All veterinary practices are encouraged to consider revising or implementing a preexposure prophylaxis policy based on the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' recommendations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:63–67)
Study of efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose therapy in iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy
Authors: Vijayasree M
Published: June 2013

Background: Anaemia is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy and is responsible for higher of the maternal deaths in the developing countries. Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose, in anemic pregnant women, presenting at Mamata General Hospital, Khammam. Methods: Fifty patients with proved iron deficiency anemia having haemoglobin between 8-10gm% were included in the study. Total iron deficit was calculated by standard formula. Target haemoglobin to be achieved was 11gm%. Iron sucrose was administered by intravenous infusion in divided doses. Haemoglobin was repeated 3 weeks after the last dose of intravenous iron sucrose. Gestational Age, Socio economic class distribution was calculated in percentage , Pre and post treatment Hb% was calculated by mean and standard deviation and P-value was Assessed. Results: Majority of the patients i.e. 60% had gestational age between 32-34 weeks, 30% were in between 29-31 weeks of gestational age while 10% were between 26-28 weeks gestation. The Mean gestational age was 32.4±2.7. Distribution of cases by socio economic status showed, 40% belonged to lower class, 32% belonged to middle class and 28% were from upper class. Intravenous iron sucrose therapy was effective in 90% of the patients without any side effects. There were no allergic reactions. Conclusion: This study showed a significant improvement in the haemoglobin of the patients who received iron sucrose infusion. Patients achieved the target of 11 gram % haemoglobin. It was safe and well tolerated. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 107-110 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8216
Prevalence and associated risk factors with malnutrition among under-five Nepalese children of Borbote village, Ilam
Authors: Niraula SR , Barnwal SP , Paudel S , Mishra S , Dahal S , Das S , Pradhan S , Ghimire S , Khanal S , Sharma S , Rajput S , Bhattarai S , Jha N
Published: June 2013

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health & nutrition problem in Nepal. It is associated with many risk factors like low birth weight, multiple birth, short spaced birth, extra diet, and iron supplementation in pregnancy etc. Objectives: This study aims at finding out the nutritional status of under-five Nepalese children of Borbote village, Ilam and risk factors associated with malnutrition. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Borbote village, Ilam. A total of 186 under-five children was selected by purposive sampling. Non parametric test was applied to find out statistical significance. Logistic regression method was used to identify the factors influencing the malnutrion. Results: According to WHO, 20% children were malnourished . of which 14% were moderately undernourished and 6% were severely undernourished. Mothers exclusively breast feeding for 6 months had only 20.0% low weight for age children and those who didn.t had 34.8% (P=0.041). Pregnant ladies who took iron supplements had 20.5% of low weight for age children compared to 37.1% (P =0.037) in those who didn.t take supplements. Malnutrition was found more in those who were below poverty line 27.94% (P=0.023) compared to those above poverty line 12.00%. Conclusion: Significant number of under-five children of Bortbote village was malnourished. Maternal factors have significant association with nutritional status of the children which include extra diet in pregnancy and lactation, iron supplements in pregnancy, exclusive breast feeding for six months. Extra attention should be provided by the Ministry of Health towards maternal and child health. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 111-118 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8217
Using Atmospheric Pressure Tendency to Optimise Battery Charging in Off-Grid Hybrid Wind-Diesel Systems for Telecoms
Authors: Phelan Shane , Meehan Paula , Daniels Stephen
Published: June 2013

Off grid telecom base stations in developing nations are powered by diesel generators. They are typically oversized and run at a fraction of their rated load for most of their operating lifetime. Running generators at partial load is inefficient and, over time, physically damages the engine. A hybrid configuration uses a battery bank, which powers the telecoms’ load for a portion of the time. The generator only operates when the battery bank needs to be charged. Adding a wind turbine further reduces the generator run hours and saves fuel. The generator is oblivious to the current wind conditions, which leads to simultaneous generator-wind power production. As the batteries become charged by the generator, the wind turbine controller is forced to dump surplus power as heat through a resistive load. This paper details how the relationship between barometric pressure and wind speed can be used to add intelligence to the battery charger. A Simulink model of the system is developed to test the different battery charging configurations. This paper demonstrates that if the battery charger is aware of upcoming wind conditions, it will provide modest fuel savings and reduce generator run hours in small-scale hybrid energy systems.
Strategies and Policies for the Bioeconomy and Bio-Based Economy: An Analysis of Official National Approaches
Authors: Staffas Louise , Gustavsson Mathias , McCormick Kes
Published: June 2013

The onset of formulating strategies and policies regarding the bioeconomy can be, at least partly, attributed to the publication of the policy agenda on the bioeconomy by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2009. The aim of this study is to analyze selected national strategies and policies regarding the development of a bioeconomy and to clarify similarities and differences between them. The article presents a comparative overview of the strategies and policies for developing a bioeconomy in the EU, USA, Canada, Sweden, Finland, Germany and Australia. The documents analyzed are in most cases national strategies or policies. The structures and aims of these documents vary and the analysis is further complicated by the terms “bioeconomy” and “bio-based economy” having as yet no clear definition, a point which is discussed in some depth in this article. In the documents analyzed, strategies and policies on how to promote the bioeconomy are often presented based on the prerequisites of the country in focus; the need for increased research, development and demonstrations in the area is thus particularly stressed. The main emphasis is often to enhance the economy of a nation and provide new employment and business possibilities, whereas the aspects of sustainability and resource availability are addressed only to a limited extent in many of the documents.
Spontaneous Regression of Metastatic Melanoma after Inoculation with Tetanus–Diphtheria–Pertussis Vaccine
Authors: Tran T. , Burt D. , Eapen L. , Keller O.R.
Published: June 2013

Spontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma is an exceedingly rare event, with only 76 well-documented cases in the literature since 1866. Here, we present the case of a patient who developed metastatic melanoma despite interferon therapy and who then achieved spontaneous regression shortly after a reaction to tetanus–diphtheria–pertussis vaccination. A common theme among these cases is the development of febrile illness before remission of the malignant disease. A brief overview of proposed mechanisms for these miraculous recoveries is presented, including a highlight on the potential role of the herv-k-mel viral marker, a nona- or decapeptide that appears in most melanomas, with homologies to peptides in pathogenic microorganisms.
Liposomal Doxorubicin Plus Radiofrequency Ablation for Complete Necrosis of a Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hong C.W. , Libutti S.K. , Wood B.J.
Published: June 2013

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a standard treatment for small, unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCS). However, RFA for larger tumours is less successful, and intravenous lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin during RFA is one technique postulated to potentially address that limitation. This drug-plus-device combination therapy was used to completely treat a HCC in a patient who underwent liver transplantation 79 days later.
Continued Success in Providing Timely Palliative Radiation Therapy at the Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program: A Review of 2008–2012
Authors: Thavarajah N. , Wong K. , Zhang L. , Bedard G. , Wong E. , Tsao M. , Danjoux C. , Barnes E. , Sahgal A. , Dennis K. , Holden L. , Lauzon N. , Chow E.
Published: June 2013

Objective: We set out to review the Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program (rrrp). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a prospective database of patients referred to the rrrp between August 1, 2008, and June 30, 2012, extracting patient demographics, case dispositions, and wait times in days from referral to consultation and from consultation to treatment. Results: Of 2742 patients referred to the rrrp, 1458 (53%) were men, and 1284 (47%) were women. Median age was 64 years. The most prevalent primary cancer sites were lung (33%), breast (21%), and prostate (17%). The most common reasons for referral were bone metastases (53%) and brain metastases (21%). Palliative radiation therapy was given to 1890 patients. The median wait time from referral to consultation was 3 days. Among treated patients, 60% were treated on the day of their consultation, and 33%, within 1–6 days. Conclusions: The rrrp continues to deliver timely palliative radiation therapy to patients, comparable to earlier reviews. The continued success of the rrrp will remain a model for future rapid-access palliative radiation therapy clinics.
Émergence d'une gouvernance métropolitaine transfrontalière au sein de l'Eurométropole Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai. Analyse des relations entre les organisations dans le domaine du transport public transfrontalier
Authors: Durand Frédéric
Published: June 2013

Les processus simultanés de mondialisation et de construction européenne ont rehaussé le profil d’espaces urbains jusque-là marginalisés : les régions transfrontalières métropolitaines. Au sein de ces territoires métropolitains émergents, la question de la gouvernance transfrontalière devient alors un enjeu crucial pour organiser et gérer un tel territoire mais également pour comprendre les forces motrices et les freins à l’intégration territoriale. L’idée de cet article est de contribuer à ce débat en analysant le fonctionnement de la gouvernance transfrontalière dans le domaine du transport public au sein d’une des régions transfrontalières les plus institutionnalisées en Europe : l’Eurométropole Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai. Après avoir présenté le contexte politique et géographique qui a conduit à la création de l’Eurométropole, une méthode novatrice dans un cadre transfrontalier, basée sur l’analyse des réseaux sociaux, étudie le jeu des acteurs. L’objectif est d’évaluer les relations des diverses organisations impliquées dans la coopération transfrontalière et de connaître quels sont les acteurs clefs de la gouvernance dans le domaine du transport public.
La question du répétitorat au XIX e siècle
Authors: Savoie Philippe
Published: June 2013

Dans les lycées créés en 1802, la fonction de surveillance et d’encadrement des élèves en dehors de la classe est complètement séparée de la fonction professorale et confiée à un corps subalterne de maîtres d’études. Durement exploités, indispensables au fonctionnement du modèle pédagogique mais très critiqués, les maîtres d’études constituent le maillon faible de l’institution scolaire publique. Cet article étudie les motivations, les modalités et les résultats de la politique de promotion et de formation menée à partir de 1829 pour améliorer le recrutement des maîtres d’études – rebaptisés maîtres répétiteurs en 1853 –, leur réputation et celle des établissements secondaires publics. Cette politique hésite entre plusieurs visions du répétitorat : noviciat de l’enseignement, profession en soi, position de début de carrière pouvant mener à toutes sortes de fonctions. Malgré ses résultats – élévation du niveau de formation des répétiteurs, et de l’ensemble du corps enseignant secondaire public, progrès de leurs statuts et de leurs conditions de vie et de travail –, elle ne suffit pas à apporter satisfaction aux intéressés et finit par contribuer à la crise finale de l’enseignement secondaire classique.
Rôles et identités professionnelles des répétiteurs et des professeurs de lycée (1880-1940) : un conflit récurrent
Authors: Verneuil Yves
Published: June 2013

Insatisfaits de leur sort, les répétiteurs de lycée, à la fin du XIX e siècle, ont tendance à vouloir rapprocher leurs fonctions de celles des professeurs. La première association des répétiteurs, créée en 1882, agit en ce sens, mais est dissoute en 1897. En 1899, cependant, les répétiteurs voient leurs revendications confortées par les conclusions de la Commission Ribot et réclament la fusion des fonctions. Cette position empêche la création, en 1905, d’une Fédération de l’enseignement secondaire réunissant professeurs et répétiteurs : des Fédérations séparées naissent, qui vont continuer à s’opposer dans les années 1920. Ces conflits catégoriels permettent de cerner l’identité professionnelle des deux parties et la représentation qu’ils se font de leur position sociale et professionnelle. En 1937, toutefois, la création du SPES (Syndicat du personnel de l’enseignement secondaire) par les professeurs « cégétistes » aboutit à l’apparition de syndicats regroupant professeurs et répétiteurs : SPES-CGT d’un côté, SNALCCS-autonome de l’autre (Syndicat national des lycées, collèges et cours secondaires). La séparation idéologique remplace l’opposition catégorielle.
Les enjeux de la syndicalisation des personnels de surveillance dans les syndicats de la Fédération de l'Éducation nationale (1945-1981)
Authors: Dalançon Alain
Published: June 2013

De la Libération à 1981, les syndicats de la FEN du second degré, le syndicat national de l’enseignement secondaire (SNES) en particulier, ont défendu l’existence d’une catégorie d’étudiants-surveillants, les maîtres d’internat (MI) et surveillants d’externat (SE), dont les statuts avaient été élaborés ou rajeunis en 1937 et 1938. Attaché à la qualité de la transmission de contenus d’enseignement et à la démocratisation du recrutement des professeurs, le SNES s’est constamment opposé à la création d’une catégorie pérenne d’animateurs-éducateurs. Pourtant, à partir de 1968,reprenant des pistes explorées peu après la Libération, il a cherché à définir une doctrine neuve de la surveillance mettant l’accent sur son rôle éducatif. Cette tentative n’aboutit pas réellement pour un ensemble de raisons : désintérêt grandissant des étudiants-surveillants pour la profession enseignante – dont la surveillance avait longtemps été une sorte d’antichambre pour les étudiants d’origine sociale modeste –, remise en cause des notions anciennes de l’autorité entre élèves et adultes, diminution constante du nombre des postes de surveillants allant de pair avec la baisse du taux de syndicalisation... sans compter les enjeux de pouvoir entre les syndicats de la fédération et ses tendances organisées.
Des surveillants généraux aux conseillers principaux d'éducation : histoire d'un héritage
Authors: Tschirhart Annie
Published: June 2013

Cet article a pour objectif de montrer comment dans le contexte de la fin des années 1960 où l’on réclame d’autres modes d’instruction et de formation, les métiers de l’éducation sont appelés à changer ou évoluer. C’est le cas des surveillants généraux qui, responsables depuis 1847 d’une discipline jugée contraignante et coercitive, doivent définitivement s’orienter vers une fonction plus éducative et deviennent en 1970 des conseillers d’éducation. Les réticences voire le refus de ces derniers à assumer cette filiation historique, nous a conduit à nous interroger sur la création même du corps des surveillants généraux au XIX e siècle, son évolution professionnelle au regard de celles des maîtres d’études, maîtres répétiteurs, des censeurs puis ses aspirations en matière de statut, responsabilités professionnelles et conceptions éducatives, face au changement des mentalités et à la place nouvelle occupée par l’élève au sein des établissements
État de la recherche sur le métier de conseiller principal d'éducation
Authors: Condette Sylvie
Published: June 2013

Le conseiller principal d’éducation a officiellement fait son apparition dans le paysage scolaire français en 1970 et a vu ses missions redéfinies en 1982, s’inscrivant pleinement dans le cadre général de la vie scolaire et participant à la politique de l’établissement. La recherche scientifique sur ce métier et ses évolutions montre qu’il reste encore aujourd’hui un métier en tension identitaire, entre un passé toujours très présent et pas forcément bien assumé et des perspectives professionnelles assez floues qui pourraient tendre vers une dimension organisationnelle et managériale. Ce métier interroge aussi plus largement la division du travail éducatif au sein de l’établissement secondaire français.
L'évolution du rôle du logement social au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Whitehead Christine
Published: June 2013

À son plus haut niveau au début des années 1970, le logement social concernait presque un tiers des ménages britanniques. En 2011, cette part n’était plus que de 18 %. Cet article décrit tout d’abord comment ce secteur a évolué : initialement financé par des fonds publics et propriété des collectivités locales, le logement social appartient désormais majoritairement aux bailleurs sociaux indépendants et la principale source de financement est dorénavant le secteur privé. Cette étude s’intéresse ensuite à la politique du logement de l’actuel gouvernement, ses implications pour les publics bénéficiaires, son impact sur les niveaux de loyers et dans quelle mesure les subventions sont concentrées sur la demande plutôt que l’offre. Finalement, l’article s’interroge sur l’avenir du logement social au sein du secteur plus large de la location et sur l’évolution de l’aide publique à ce secteur.
Le logement social aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Houard Noémie
Published: June 2013

Aux Pays-Bas, où le logement social est représenté comme nulle part ailleurs en Europe, celui-ci est passé d’une conception « universaliste » à une conception « généraliste ». En effet, début 2011, un plafond de ressources de 33 000 euros par ménage et par an a été introduit à la suite de plaintes déposées auprès de la Commission européenne par la Fédération européenne de la propriété immobilière. Le public éligible au logement social représente désormais 41 % de l’ensemble de la population. Cet article vise d’une part, à présenter le système du logement social aux Pays-Bas et à l’inscrire dans le contexte néerlandais ; d’autre part, à analyser les règles d’attribution des logements sociaux ; enfin, à mettre en perspective l’impact des décisions de la Commission européenne sur le sens du logement social retenu aux Pays-Bas. Cette question présente un intérêt particulier dans la mesure où ce contentieux en a généré d’autres en Europe, notamment en France où l’Union nationale de la propriété immobilière, inspirée par l’affaire néerlandaise, a déposé en mai 2012 une plainte auprès de la Commission européenne au nom des distorsions de concurrence induites par les organismes HLM sur le marché du logement.
L'atonie du marché locatif espagnol
Authors: Mora-Sanguinetti Juan S.
Published: June 2013

Parmi toutes les grandes économies de l’OCDE ou de l’Union européenne, l’Espagne est le pays dont le poids du marché du logement locatif est le plus faible. Cet article s’intéresse aux trois causes possibles de cette atonie. Tout d’abord, la régulation du marché de la location semble y être plus stricte que dans d’autres pays, avec des restrictions actives en termes de contrôle des loyers et de protection contre l’éviction du locataire. Ensuite, la fiscalité a traditionnellement favorisé la propriété. Enfin, le système judiciaire espagnol ne semble pas donner une sécurité juridique suffisante aux propriétaires qui décident de mettre en location un logement. L’ensemble de ces questions sont abordées dans une perspective historique, institutionnelle, internationale et intra-régionale, avec l’objectif d’en évaluer les impacts économiques. L’article présente aussi les réformes qui devraient entrer en vigueur en 2013.
Modélisation de l'effet d'une taxe sur la construction
Authors: Avner Paolo , Viguié Vincent , Hallegatte Stéphane
Published: June 2013

Le Versement pour Sous Densité est une mesure innovante qui a fait son entrée dans la loi française depuis mi-2012 et qui vise à limiter l’étalement urbain en taxant les nouvelles constructions qui n’atteignent pas un Seuil minimal de densité. Ce papier, à travers l’utilisation d’un modèle transport-usage des sols (NEDUM 2D), quantifie les impacts potentiels de cette politique sur l’Ile-de-France et examine les conditions qui lui permettraient de gagner en efficacité tout en limitant les coûts sociaux de sa mise en œuvre. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que si cet outil est correctement utilisé, il peut contribuer à limiter l’étalement urbain tout en augmentant les surfaces construites et donc en diminuant le niveau des prix immobiliers et des loyers. De façon surprenante, il s’agit donc d’une taxe sur la construction qui a pour résultat un accroissement des surfaces des logements. Cependant la mise en œuvre de cette politique est compliquée puisque le choix du Seuil minimal de densité en conditionne largement l’efficacité. Si celui-ci est trop bas le versement peut avoir des impacts contre-productifs comme une accélération de l’étalement urbain. De plus, en fonction de l’objectif privilégié (limitation de l’étalement urbain, accès aux transports en commun, ...), le choix du seuil optimal variera.
Sur les frontières...
Authors: de M’Uzan Michel
Published: June 2013

« Où suis-je ? Qui suis-je ? Partout, nulle part. Une femme parle : elle est vous, elle est moi, à la recherche d’elle-même, à la recherche d’une identité propre. À l’aide d’exemples cinématographiques (Bob Wilson, Martin Scorsese) et vidéographiques (A.T. De Keersmaeker) commentés, on mettra en évidence les négociations entre le vital-identital (dont l’auto-conservation fait partie) et le pulsionnel libidinal objectal et narcissique. Psychoses et somatoses seront ainsi questionnées. »
Anorexie mentale, du féminin au maternel
Authors: Corcos Maurice
Published: June 2013

Dans une approche transnosographique intégrant l’impact de l’environnement socioculturel et des dimensions transgénérationnelles, nous évoquerons dans le dysfonctionnement des interrelations précoces et ses conséquences sur le développement de l’enfant et le processus d’adolescence une hypothèse centrale dans les conduites addictives alimentaires : la défaillance « à leur corps défendant » du maternel chez les mères des patientes ; en particulier dans l’investissement du corps autonome, vivant et érotique de l’enfant.
Les romans en 1802
Authors: Louichon Brigitte
Published: June 2013

L’article propose une approche synchronique de l’année 1802 au regard de la production et de la réception romanesques. Il établit des données chiffrées concernant la production de romans français, traduits comme des rééditions. Il interroge particulièrement la répartition entre production masculine et féminine. Ensuite, l’analyse de la réception journalistique de cette production permet de mettre au jour les critères d’évaluation des œuvres recensées. Enfin, l’article analyse les phénomènes de distinction, tant du point de vue de la stratégie auctoriale ou éditoriale que du point de vue de la réception, laquelle met en exergue par un double mouvement, un ensemble de romans sentimentaux féminins.
Toward Agile Interactive Software Development Process Models for Crowd Source Projects
Authors: Alsmadi Izzat , Saeed Saqib
Published: June 2013

Typical traditional software development models are initially designed for company-style software project teams. They also assume a typical software project that has somewhat clear goals, scope, budget, and plan. Even Agile development models that are very flexible in considering previous project parameters assume somewhat stable team and project structures. However, in recent years, the authors have noticed expansion in software projects that are developed in a very illusive flexible team, scope, budget, and plan structures. Examples of such projects are those projects offered in open competition (also called crowd sourcing) structure for software developers to be part of. In typical open competition projects, initial, high level project ideas are submitted to the public through the Internet. The project initiators give their initial requirements, constraints, and conditions for successful products or submissions. Teams can be organized before or through the competition. Submission and evaluation of deliverables from teams are subjected to project initiator evaluation along with evaluation teams organized through the open competition host. This chapter investigates all traditional project characteristics. The authors elaborate on all those elements that should be modified to fit the open competition agile structure. They use several case studies to demonstrate management issues related to managing software projects in open competitions.
A Framework for Testing Code in Computational Applications
Authors: Kelly Diane , Hook Daniel , Sanders Rebecca
Published: June 2013

The aim of this chapter is to provide guidance on the challenges and approaches to testing computational applications. Testing in our case is focused on code testing for accuracy as opposed to validating the science models or testing user interfaces. A testing framework is used to present the different challenges. Discussions cover topics such as test oracles and the tolerance problem, testing to address specific goals rather than testing as a process, areas of risk inherent in developing and using computational software, a testing mindset, and the use of technical reviews. Three observational studies are included to illustrate different techniques, problems, and approaches. There is no prescribed way of testing computational code. Instead, an awareness of risks and challenges inherent in computational software can provide the necessary guidance.