bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horizontal and vertical structure of reactive bromine events probed
by bromine monoxide MAX-DOAS spectroscopy
Authors: Simpson William R. , Peterson Peter K. , Frieß Udo , Sihler Holger , Lampel Johannes , Platt Ulrich , Moore Chris , Pratt Kerri , Shepson Paul , Halfacre John , Nghiem Son V.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Heterogeneous photochemistry converts bromide (Br−) to reactive bromine species (Br atoms and bromine monoxide, BrO) that dominate Arctic springtime chemistry. This phenomenon has many impacts such as boundary-layer ozone depletion, mercury oxidation and deposition, and modification of the fate of hydrocarbon species. To study environmental controls on reactive bromine events, the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) was carried out from early March to mid April 2012 near Barrow (Utqiaġvik), Alaska. We measured horizontal and vertical gradients in BrO with Multiple-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrumentation at three sites, two mobile and one fixed. During the campaign, a large crack in the sea ice (an open lead) formed pushing one instrument package ~ 250 km downwind from Barrow (Utqiaġvik). Convection associated with the open lead converted the BrO vertical structure from a surface-based event to a lofted event downwind of the lead influence. The column abundance of BrO downwind of the re-freezing lead was comparable to upwind amounts indicating direct reactions on frost flowers or open seawater was not a major reactive bromine source. When these three sites were separated by ~ 30 km length scales of unbroken sea ice, the BrO amount and vertical distributions were highly correlated for most of the time, indicating the horizontal length scales of BrO events were typically larger than ~ 30 km in the absence of sea-ice features. Although correlation dominated most of the time, rapid changes in BrO with edges significantly sharper than this ~ 30 km length scale episodically transported between the sites, indicating BrO events were large but with sharp edge contrasts. BrO was often found in shallow layers that recycled reactive bromine via heterogeneous reactions on snowpack. Episodically, these surface-based events propagated aloft, which required enhanced aerosol extinction aloft; however, the presence of aerosol particles aloft was not sufficient to produce BrO aloft. Highly depleted ozone (
Algorithms and uncertainties for the determination of multispectral irradiance components and aerosol optical depth from a shipborne rotating shadowband radiometer
Authors: Witthuhn Jonas , Deneke Hartwig , Macke Andreas , Bernhard Germar
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The 19-channel rotating shadowband radiometer GUVis-3511 built by Biospherical Instruments provides automated shipborne measurements of the direct, diffuse and global spectral irradiance components without a requirement for platform stabilization. Several direct sun products, including spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth, Ångström exponent and precipitable water, can be derived from these observations. The individual steps of the data analysis are described, and the different sources of uncertainty are discussed. The total uncertainty of the observed direct beam transmittances is estimated to be about 4 % for most channels within a 95 % confidence interval for shipborne operation. The calibration is identified as the dominating contribution to the total uncertainty. A comparison of direct beam transmittance with those obtained from a Cimel sunphotometer at a land site and a manually operated Microtops II sunphotometer on a ship is presented. Measurements deviate by less than 3 and 4 % on land and on ship, respectively, for most channels and in agreement with our previous uncertainty estimate. These numbers demonstrate that the instrument is well suited for shipborne operation, and the applied methods for motion correction work accurately. Based on spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth can be retrieved with an uncertainty of 0.02 for all channels within a 95 % confidence interval. The different methods to account for Rayleigh scattering and gas absorption in our scheme and in the Aerosol Robotic Network processing for Cimel sunphotometers lead to minor deviations. Relying on the cross calibration of the 940 nm water vapor channel with the Cimel sunphotometer, the column amount of precipitable water can be estimated with an uncertainty of ±0.034 cm.
Detecting small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks: a comparison between automatic chamber-derived C budgets and repeated soil inventories
Authors: Hoffmann Mathias , Jurisch Nicole , Garcia Alba Juana , Albiac Borraz Elisa , Schmidt Marten , Huth Vytas , Rogasik Helmut , Rieckh Helene , Verch Gernot , Sommer Michael , Augustin Jürgen
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Carbon (C) sequestration in soils plays a key role in the global C cycle. It is therefore crucial to adequately monitor dynamics in soil organic carbon (ΔSOC) stocks when aiming to reveal underlying processes and potential drivers. However, small-scale spatial (10–30 m) and temporal changes in SOC stocks, particularly pronounced in arable lands, are hard to assess. The main reasons for this are limitations of the well-established methods. On the one hand, repeated soil inventories, often used in long-term field trials, reveal spatial patterns and trends in ΔSOC but require a longer observation period and a sufficient number of repetitions. On the other hand, eddy covariance measurements of C fluxes towards a complete C budget of the soil–plant–atmosphere system may help to obtain temporal ΔSOC patterns but lack small-scale spatial resolution. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a reliable method to detect both short-term temporal dynamics as well as small-scale spatial differences of ΔSOC using measurements of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) as a proxy. To estimate the NECB, a combination of automatic chamber (AC) measurements of CO2 exchange and empirically modeled aboveground biomass development (NPPshoot) were used. To verify our method, results were compared with ΔSOC observed by soil resampling. Soil resampling and AC measurements were performed from 2010 to 2014 at a colluvial depression located in the hummocky ground moraine landscape of northeastern Germany. The measurement site is characterized by a variable groundwater level (GWL) and pronounced small-scale spatial heterogeneity regarding SOC and nitrogen (Nt) stocks. Tendencies and magnitude of ΔSOC values derived by AC measurements and repeated soil inventories corresponded well. The period of maximum plant growth was identified as being most important for the development of spatial differences in annual ΔSOC. Hence, we were able to confirm that AC-based C budgets are able to reveal small-scale spatial differences and short-term temporal dynamics of ΔSOC.
Reviews and syntheses: On the roles trees play in building and plumbing the Critical Zone
Authors: Brantley Susan L. , Eissenstat David M. , Marshall Jill A. , Godsey Sarah E. , Balogh-Brunstad Zsuzsanna , Karwan Diana L. , Papuga Shirley A. , Roering Joshua , Dawson Todd E. , Evaristo Jaivime , Chadwick Oliver , McDonnell Jeffery J. , Weathers Kathleen C.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Trees, the most successful biological power plants on earth, build and plumb the critical zone (CZ) in ways that we do not yet understand. To encourage exploration of the character and implications of interactions between trees and soil in the CZ, we propose nine hypotheses that can be tested at diverse settings. Depending upon one's disciplinary background, many of the hypotheses may appear obviously true or obviously false. We infer from this lack of agreement that the following nine hypotheses are important and must be tested to advance critical zone science. (1) Tree roots can only physically penetrate and biogeochemically comminute the immobile substrate underlying mobile soil when that underlying substrate is fractured or pre-weathered. (2) In settings where the depth of weathered material, H, is large, trees primarily shape the CZ through biogeochemical reactions within the rooting zone. (3) In forested uplands, the thickness of mobile soil, h, can evolve toward a steady state because of feedbacks related to root disruption and tree throw. (4) In settings where h
Quantification of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production in the sea anemone Aiptasia sp. to simulate the sea-to-air flux from coral reefs
Authors: Franchini Filippo , Steinke Michael
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The production of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is poorly quantified in tropical reef environments but forms an essential process that couples marine and terrestrial sulfur cycles and affects climate. Here we used gas chromatography to quantify net DMS production and the concentration of its cellular precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the sea anemone Aiptasia sp., a model organism to study coral-related processes. Bleached anemones did not show net DMS production whereas symbiotic anemones produced DMS concentrations (mean ± standard error) of 160.7 ± 44.22 nmol g−1 dry weight (DW) after 48 h incubation. Symbiotic and bleached individuals showed DMSP concentrations of 32.7 ± 6.00 and 0.6 ± 0.19 μmol g−1 DW, respectively. We applied these findings to a Monte-Carlo simulation of DMS flux into the atmosphere and demonstrate that net aqueous DMS production accounts for only 0.5–2.0 % of gross aqueous DMS production, and that reefs may release up to 15 μmol DMS m−2 coral surface area d−1 into the atmosphere with 40 % probability for rates between 0.5 and 1.5 μmol m
Influence of bulk microphysics schemes upon Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) version 3.6.1 nor'easter simulations
Authors: Nicholls Stephen D. , Decker Steven G. , Tao Wei-Kuo , Lang Stephen E. , Shi Jainn J. , Mohr Karen I.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This study evaluated the impact of five single- or double-moment bulk microphysics schemes (BMPSs) on Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations of seven intense wintertime cyclones impacting the mid-Atlantic United States; 5-day long WRF simulations were initialized roughly 24 h prior to the onset of coastal cyclogenesis off the North Carolina coastline. In all, 35 model simulations (five BMPSs and seven cases) were run and their associated microphysics-related storm properties (hydrometer mixing ratios, precipitation, and radar reflectivity) were evaluated against model analysis and available gridded radar and ground-based precipitation products. Inter-BMPS comparisons of column-integrated mixing ratios and mixing ratio profiles reveal little variability in non-frozen hydrometeor species due to their shared programming heritage, yet their assumptions concerning snow and graupel intercepts, ice supersaturation, snow and graupel density maps, and terminal velocities led to considerable variability in both simulated frozen hydrometeor species and radar reflectivity. WRF-simulated precipitation fields exhibit minor spatiotemporal variability amongst BMPSs, yet their spatial extent is largely conserved. Compared to ground-based precipitation data, WRF simulations demonstrate low-to-moderate (0.217–0.414) threat scores and a rainfall distribution shifted toward higher values. Finally, an analysis of WRF and gridded radar reflectivity data via contoured frequency with altitude diagrams (CFADs) reveals notable variability amongst BMPSs, where better performing schemes favored lower graupel mixing ratios and better underlying aggregation assumptions.
Rip current evidence by hydrodynamic simulations, bathymetric
surveys and UAV observation
Authors: Benassai Guido , Aucelli Pietro , Budillon Giorgio , De Stefano Massimo , Di Luccio Diana , Di Paola Gianluigi , Montella Raffaele , Mucerino Luigi , Sica Mario , Pennetta Micla
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The prediction of the formation, spacing and location of rip currents is a scientific challenge that can be achieved by means of different complementary methods. In this paper the analysis of numerical and experimental data, including UAV observation, allowed to detect the presence of rip currents and rip channels at the mouth of Sele river, in the Gulf of Salerno, southern Italy. The dataset used to analyze these phenomena consisted of two different bathymetric surveys, a detailed sediment 5 analysis and a set of high-resolution wave numerical simulations, completed with satellite and UAV observation. The grain size trend analysis and the numerical simulations allowed to identify the rip current system, forced by topographically constrained channels incised on the seabed, which were detected by high resolution bathymetric surveys. The study evidenced that on the coastal area of the Sele mouth grain-size trends are controlled by the contribution of fine sediments, which exhibit suspended transport pathways due to rip currents and longshore currents. The results obtained were confirmed by satellite and UAV 10 observations in different years.
SMART – Sediment Mitigation Actions for the River Rother, UK
Authors: Evans Jennine L. , Foster Ian , Boardman John , Holmes Naomi
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The River Rother, West Sussex, is suffering from excess sediment which is smothering the river bed gravels. This is thought to be exacerbating issues of pollution and degradation of ecosystems. This project aims to identify the severity, extent, possible causes and potential mitigation options available to reduce these pressures on the river. Data have been collected from ten sites to investigate the amount of sediment stored in the river bed gravels and cores obtained from four small reservoirs to establish rates of sedimentation and contribute to the construction of a temporal sediment budget over the last 50–100 years. Evidence suggests that tributary streams have more stored sediment per m2 upstream of their confluence with the River Rother compared to the Rother itself. Reservoir core data indicate that sediment has accumulated more rapidly in the small reservoirs surrounded by mixed agricultural land compared to one surrounded by ancient woodland. These are preliminary results and work is continuing.
Bedload transport monitoring with acoustic sensors in the Swiss Albula mountain river
Authors: Rickenmann Dieter , Antoniazza Gilles , Wyss Carlos R. , Fritschi Bruno , Boss Stefan
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Bedload transport measurements with acoustic sensors were obtained during summer 2015 in the Albula River in Switzerland. An impact plate measuring system was used with geophone and accelerometer sensors. This system provides indirect estimations of bedload transport in water courses. In April 2015, 30 impact sensors were installed in a new permanent measuring station to monitor continuously bedload transport in a mountain river with a large annual rate of sediment transport (around 90 000 m3 yr−1). Records of the first year of measurement showed that (i) the signal response in terms of geophone and accelerometer impulses is comparable for both types of sensors; (ii) there is a good correlation between discharge data and impulses recorded by both types of sensors; (iii) the critical discharge at the start of bedload transport is around 5 m3 s−1; (iv) a mean calibration factor for the geophone impulses can be estimated which is in a similar range as values determined from other sites with field calibration measurements.
Is there a Long-Term Relationship among European Sovereign Bond Yields?
Authors: Schaeffer Ian , Ramirez Miguel D.
Published: March 2017

The integration of financial markets has been a recurring theme in academic and financial research. The majority of the literature has focused on equity markets. Literature on the integration of international bond markets is not as common, specifically regarding that of European bonds since the beginning of the common currency area in 1999.This paper estimates a fixed effects pooled model and then proceeds to undertake panel unit root and cointegration tests to determine the degree of co-movement of European sovereign bond yields. The reported estimates suggest that yields move together over time, thus the benefits of diversification in European government bond portfolios may be limited. The results also have important implications for monetary policy. Given that economic shocks (e.g. inflationary shocks) are transmitted quickly from country to country, then it will complicate the task of monetary policy when it comes to pursuing an independent policy with respect to domestic monetary conditions in the presence of asymmetric economic shocks.
Real-World Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Treatment for Retinal Vein Occlusion in Portugal
Authors: Vaz-Pereira Sara , Marques Inês P. , Matias João , Mira Filipe , Ribeiro Lígia , Flores Rita
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is an important cause of visual disability in the modern world. We aim to evaluate the real-world outcomes of patients with RVO treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Portugal.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, observational, multicenter study including 8 centers across Portugal and 200 patients treated with either ranibizumab or bevacizumab. Data were collected at 3 time points: time of diagnosis (0 time point) and 6 and 12 months after initiating treatment. Demographic and clinical data were collected.

Results

Median visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) improved in the branch RVO (BRVO), central RVO (CRVO), bevacizumab, and ranibizumab groups at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline, with CMT improving further only in the CRVO and ranibizumab groups between 6 and 12 months (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). The CMT was lower in the ranibizumab group compared to the bevacizumab group both at 6 and 12 months (p<0.02). Median CMT improved in both the good and poor baseline VA groups at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline (p<0.001). Median VA only improved for the group with poor baseline VA at 6 and 12 months of follow-up (p<0.001). Regression analysis identified several baseline variables as predictors of visual outcomes at 6 and 12 months, with different results depending on the analyzed group.

Conclusions

Both treatments were effective, although less effective than results reported in clinical trials. The morphologic response was better with ranibizumab compared to bevacizumab, although functionally there were no differences.
Clinical Relevance of Antimicrobial Testing Results for Dental Restorative Materials
Authors: Farrugia Cher , Haider Julie , Camilleri Liberato , Camilleri Josette
Published: March 2017

Background

The antimicrobial activity of restorative materials is clinically relevant because all dental materials are subject to an environment containing bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the use of 2 methodologies referred to in the literature to assess antimicrobial properties of restorative materials and investigate whether material properties alter results of these traditional methodologies.

Methods

A number of dental restorative materials – namely, Chemfil Superior®, Spectrum®, Heliobond®, Ionoseal®, Dyract Extra®, Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR®) and Biodentine® – were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and pH analysis. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion and biofilm accumulation tests. Key factors affecting results were assessed using analysis of covariance.

Results

Biodentine after immediate mixing and Ionoseal aged for 6 weeks resulted in an inhibition zone, while significantly higher McFarland readings were observed in the presence of barium when using materials Ionoseal, Dyract and SDR at 24-hour aging. Through analysis of covariance it was shown that material properties affected methodology results.

Conclusions

Properties of materials affect results of antimicrobial testing, but this may not directly reflect the antimicrobial potential of the material in question. Careful choice of methodology and interpretation of results is important.
Prognostic Role of PD-L1 in Malignant Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pyo Jung-Soo , Kang Guhyun , Kim Jung Yeon
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to elucidate the rates and prognostic roles of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in various malignant tumors through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Method

The current study included 16,176 patients from 97 eligible studies. We investigated PD-L1 expression and its correlation with survival rate in various malignant tumors.

Results

The estimated rate of PD-L1 IHC expression was 0.449 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.404-0.495). The highest and lowest PD-L1 expression levels were found in thyroid cancer (0.829, 95% CI 0.781-0.868) and small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (0.005, 95% CI 0.000-0.080), respectively. PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival rates (hazard ratios 1.276, 95% CI 1.097-1.486 and 1.304, 95% CI 1.034-1.644, respectively). However, PD-L1 IHC expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival rates in patients with esophageal cancer and renal cell carcinoma and with worse disease-free survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma.

Conclusions

Our results show that PD-L1 expression rates and the correlations with survival varied between tumor types. Detailed evaluation criteria for PD-L1 will have to be standardized before application to specific tumor types.
Genetic Risk Factors for Endometriosis
Authors: Fung Jenny N. , Sapkota Yadav , Nyholt Dale R. , Montgomery Grant W.
Published: March 2017

Advances in genetics and genomics are driving progress in understanding genetic risk factors for endometriosis. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) in endometriosis have identified 11 genomic regions associated with increased risk of disease. Many of the regions contain interesting candidate genes, but the risk alleles may not always act through the obvious candidates. Functional evidence to identify the causal gene(s) will require multiple steps including better mapping precision, genetic studies on gene expression and epigenetic marks, chromatin looping and functional studies. Evidence from gene expression studies in endometrium and chromatin looping experiments implicate CDC42 on chromosome 1, CDKN2B-AS1 on chromosome 9 and VEZT on chromosome 12 as likely causal genes in these regions. Confirming the causal gene(s) in these and other regions will identify the important pathways increasing risk for endometriosis and identify novel targets for interventions to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Prostate Volume Index Stratified Prostate Cancer Risk in Patients Elected to a First Random Biopsy Set
Authors: Porcaro Antonio B. , Corsi Paolo , de Luyk Nicolò , Sebben Marco , Tafuri Alessandro , Bizzotto Leonardo , Cacciamani Giovanni , De Marchi Davide , Processali Tania , Mattevi Daniele , Novella Giovanni , Cerruto Maria A. , Brunelli Matteo , Siracusano Salvatore , Artibani Walter
Published: March 2017

Objective

To investigate prostate volume index (PVI), defined as the ratio of volume of the transitional zone on that of the peripheral zone, as a factor stratifying prostate cancer (PCA) risk in patients elected to a first random biopsy set.

Methods

The study evaluated 596 patients who were elected to a first random biopsy set because of suspected PCA in a period between September 2010 and September 2015. Prostate volume index was dichotomized to PVI ≤1 vs PVI >1. The multivariate logistic regression model investigated clinical factors with dichotomized PVI associating with PCA.

Results

The detection rate of PCA was 49%. The dichotomized PVI >1 stratified PCA risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.455; p<0.0001) beyond age (OR 1.062; p<0.0001), PSA (OR 1.167; p<0.0001), PV (OR 0.957; p<0.0001), and abnormal digital rectal examination (OR 2.094; p<0.0001). The goodness of fit statistics assessed model efficacy.

Conclusions

A large cohort of patients elected to a first random biopsy set had PCA risk stratified by dichotomized PVI beyond other clinical independent factors. Confirmatory studies are required.
The Effects of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion on Colonic Anastomosis: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model
Authors: Aghayeva Afag , Benlice Cigdem , Bilgin Ismail Ahmet , Atukeren Pinar , Dogusoy Gulen , Demir Figen , Atasoy Deniz , Baca Bilgi
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with subsequent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a promising modality to treat and prevent peritoneal metastases. However, this treatment is associated with signficant morbidity and mortality. Whether or not CRS with HIPEC interferes with anastomotic healing has also been debated. This study was designed to investigate the effects of mitomycin C, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin used in HIPEC treatment on colonic anastomosis healing in a rat model.

Methods

Sixty Wistar albino rats were employed in the study. Sigmoid resection and end-to-end colorectal anastomosis was performed in all rats. Group 1 rats underwent the surgical procedure alone, while group 2 rats were given hyperthermic intraperitoneal lavage with heated saline following surgery. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 had surgery with concomitant HIPEC treatment with mitomycin C, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin, respectively. Anastomotic bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels were evaluated.

Results

Regarding the hydroxyproline levels, groups 1 and 2 showed significantly higher values than other groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the HIPEC treatment groups (groups 3, 4, 5, and 6) (p>0.05). When groups were compared regarding bursting pressure values, no significant differences were observed (p = 0.81).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the HIPEC procedure with mitomycin C, cisplatin, oxaliplatin and doxorubicin had negative effects on hydroxyproline levels, but had no detrimental effect on anastomotic bursting pressure in a rat model.
Changes in Mortality and Incidence of Prostate Cancer by Risk Class in Different Periods in Italy: The Possible Effects of PSA Spread
Authors: Vicentini Massimo , Sacchettini Claudio , Trama Annalisa , Nicolai Nicola , Gatta Gemma , Botta Laura , Valdagni Riccardo , Giorgi Rossi Paolo ,   Prostate Cancer High-Resolution Study Working Group, Pannozzo Fabio , Contiero Paolo , Fusco Mario , Lodde Michele , Mazzoleni Guido , Piffer Silvano , Tumino Rosario , Puppo Antonella , Seeber Andreas , Mangone Lucia
Published: March 2017

Purpose

In Italy, the spread of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing varies in different areas. A peak of incidence was reached in 2003-2004 in some areas, while in others the incidence is still increasing. Mortality has declined since 1999 in some areas, while it remains stable in others. We compared mortality and the risk of advanced cancer over 2 periods (1996-1998; 2005-2007) and by geographic area characterized by a different spread of PSA, to understand the possible impact of PSA on the epidemiology of prostate cancer.

Methods

In 8 Italian Cancer Registries (CRs), 4,632 cases diagnosed over 2 periods, 1996-1998 and 2005-2007, were sampled to assess risk class. The CRs were classified into late and early phase of PSA testing depending on whether an incidence peak had been reached by 2008. Incidence by risk class was estimated based on overall incidence in each CR and on risk class distribution in the sample. We calculated standardized mortality (MRR) and risk class-specific incidence rate ratios (IRR) to compare the 2 periods.

Results

Incidence increased from 1996-1998 to 2005-2007 (IRR 1.5; 95% CI 1.4, 1.6). High-risk and metastatic cancer incidence decreased only in late-phase areas (IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.69, 0.88; and 0.40; 95% CI 0.30, 0.54, respectively), while in early-phase areas, incidence remained virtually stable (IRR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0, 1.4; and 0.77; 95% CI 0.59, 1.0, respectively). Mortality decreased only in late-phase areas (MRR 0.81; 95% CI 0.85, 0.97; vs 1.1; 95% CI 0.92, 1.2) in early-phase areas.

Conclusions

Mortality reduction and a decrease in high-risk and metastatic cases occurred simultaneously only in areas in late phase of PSA spread.
Treatment of Multiple Synchronous Misdiagnosed Renal Cell Cancers in A Young Patient Affected by A “De Novo” Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Authors: Allasia Marco , Battaglia Antonino , Pasini Barbara , Gazzera Carlo , Calandri Marco , Bosio Andrea , Gontero Paolo , Destefanis Paolo
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome occurring in one out of 36,000 live births. Diagnosis could be a challenge in patients with no familial VHL history. Renal cancer (RCC) represents one of the most important manifestations. RCC is usually recurrent and multifocal. Actually treating RCC in VHL patients represent a clinical dilemma: the oncological outcomes must be balanced against renal function preservation.

Case Presentation

A young man with a negative familial history was referred to our department with seven misdiagnosed renal masses. VHL disease was determined through genetic test. The multiple RCCs were treated by surgery and percutaneous thermal ablation by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with complete control of RCC and no impairment of renal function.

Conclusions

This case history confirms that VHL disease has to be suspected in young patients with evidence of synchronous multiple renal masses and in presence of specific clinical criteria. RFA appears to be safe in terms of oncological radicalism and in renal function preservation. In hereditary RCC, we should purpose, whenever it is possible, minimally invasive treatment in terms of low hospital stay and a minimal loss of renal tissue.
Oral health behaviour, knowledge, and attitude among nursing students
Authors: Ladegaard Grønkjær Lea , Nielsen Natasja , Nielsen Marie , Smedegaard Camilla
Published: March 2017

Background and objective: Nursing students play an important role in oral health promotion, after they graduate and start working within the health care system. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health behaviour, knowledge, and attitude among Danish senior nursing students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students at the Education of Nurses, VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark, using an electronic questionnaire consisting of 22 questions regarding oral health behaviour, knowledge, and attitude.Results: One hundred students completed the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 79%. A majority of the students brushed their teeth twice daily (89%), visited the dentist at least once a year (55%), and described their teeth and gingiva as extremely good or very good (80%). The students had good oral health knowledge regarding plaque and dental caries. However, the knowledge about periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis was insufficient. Nearly all students stated that oral health is an important part of nursing care (97%) and important for the general health (87%). Over half of the students (64%) thought that oral health training should be updated and expanded in the nursing education.Conclusions: The participating students had good oral care behaviour. In some areas, the students had adequate oral health knowledge, while the knowledge about especially periodontal disease was insufficient. The majority of the students had a positive attitude toward oral health and wanted oral health training to be prioritised in the nursing education.
Reassessing the Impact of the US Fiscal Stimulus: The Role of the Monetary Policy Stance
Authors: Hallett Andrew Hughes , Rannenberg Ansgar , Schreiber Sven
Published: March 2017

Cogan et al. (2009, 2010) claimed that the stimulus package passed by the United States Congress in February 2009 had a multiplier far below one. However, the stimulus’ multiplier strongly depends on the assumed monetary policy response. Based on official statements from the Fed chairman, the general economic outlook, past behavior of the FOMC, optimal policy considerations, and from financial market expectations, we find that in February 2009, a reasonable prediction of the period of monetary accommodation would have exceeded 9 quarters. This implies that a plausible real time assessment of the stimulus’ effects would have been more optimistic than Cogan et al.’s.
Bridging the Gap: Development of the Entrepreneurial Philanthropy Alignment Model
Authors: Rath Jos , Schuyt Theo
Published: March 2017

Partnerships are increasingly considered to have the potential to address societal problems that one single actor cannot solve. This paper rationalises the development of partnerships between entrepreneurs and non-profit organisations by the effects of its alignment. In organisations, the process of alignment focuses on the activities that management perform to achieve cohesive goals (e.g., finance, marketing, sales, human resources). Whereas in an entrepreneurial philanthropy partnership, the stage of alignment maturity addresses both how the opted societal change is in harmony with the entrepreneurial approach and how this approach can be in harmony with societal change. This approach is deemed crucial in understanding how the two partners can translate their views on leadership, strategy, and culture into opportunities that enhance their impact. Theoretical researches have provided foundations for identifying dimensions of the conceptual Entrepreneurial Philanthropy Alignment Model (EPAM) that might strengthen the impact of a partnership between an entrepreneur and a non-profit organisation.
Why Some People Just “Can’t Get No Satisfaction”: Secure versus Insecure Attachment Styles Affect One’s “Style of Being in the Social World”
Authors: Verbeke Willem , Belschack Frank , Bagozzi Richard P. , Pozharliev Rumen , Ein-Dor Tsachi
Published: March 2017

We first seek to explore the relationship between attachment styles of professional financial service customers and their ability to experience customer satisfaction and build relationships with a commercial bank. Secure attached people identify with the commercial bank, feel satisfied and are loyal with the commercial bank. Second, we question whether attachment styles and degrees of satisfaction are also reflected in a capacity to feel pleasure in attachments to luxury products, feel happiness and pro-activeness, develop positive relationships with others, and sleep well for multiple samples of non-commercial customers. Apparently, secure attached people form enjoyable attachments with luxury goods/brands. Equally, in life in general they show a proactive attitude and generosity toward others, and feel low envy. Anxious attachment style relates negatively with appraisal of and relationship formation with commercial banks, negatively with enjoyment and attachment to luxury goods, and negatively with generosity towards people and happiness. In addition, anxious attachment style relates positively with envy towards people and low sleep quality. Avoidant attachment style does not relate with any of the above variables except for a negative association with happiness with life in general. Finally, none of the attachment styles scales relates with the BIS-BAS scale, except that anxious attachment relates with the BIS scale, indicating largely that the attachment system does not function as an approach-avoidance system but helps in homeostatic regulation of stress due to the experience of quiescence with others. By studying how attachment styles affect people in commercial and general social domains we hope to pave the way for further exploration of the fundamental mechanisms that drive secure attached people as opposed to insecure attached people to generally experience positive emotions and outcomes in life. We tentatively suggest that compared to insecure attached people, secure attached people possess a different “style of being in the social world.”
Sucesión de sumas parciales como proceso iterativo infinito: un paso hacia la comprensión de las series numéricas desde el modelo APOS
Authors: Codes Valcarce Myriam , González-Martín Alejandro S.
Published: March 2017

A la luz de las dificultades que conlleva el aprendizaje de las series numéricas, en este artículo nos centramos en uno de sus componentes que aparecen explícitamente en su definición como límite de una sucesión de sumas parciales: la sucesión de sumas parciales como proceso iterativo infinito. A partir de la descomposición genética de este concepto, se han analizado las respuestas de dos grupos de alumnos de primer año universitario y se han encontrado manifestaciones de distintas concepciones acción y proceso en los dos grupos. Las diferencias entre los modos de conocer las sucesiones de sumas parciales de estos grupos revelan la importancia de algunos elementos matemáticos clave para la comprensión de las series numéricas.
Evaluación de juegos online para la enseñanza y aprendizaje del cambio climático
Authors: Ouariachi Tania , Olvera-Lobo María Dolores , Gutiérrez-Pérez José
Published: March 2017

Los juegos online han sido propuestos como una herramienta de comunicación y educación prometedora. Teniendo en cuenta que el cambio climático es una de las principales amenazas a las que se enfrentarán los adolescentes en su futuro, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal la evaluación de los elementos comunicativos y educativos de una serie de juegos online sobre cambio climático producidos en España, haciendo uso de unos criterios validados por un panel de expertos con el método Delphi. Los resultados de este estudio exploratorio revelan algunas de las oportunidades que ofrecen estas herramientas, tales como el encuadre alternativo de los mensajes o el desarrollo de distintas competencias y habilidades, pero también sus limitaciones, como la falta de instituciones científicas en la producción o de posibilidades para estudiantes con diversidad funcional.
La ideación del territorio de Barcelona a través de su representación
Authors: Santamaria Varas Mar , Martinez-Diez Pablo
Published: March 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es describir cuáles han sido las herramientas hasta ahora determinantes en el planeamiento del Área Metropolitana para luego comprender el estado actual de la técnica de cara a vislumbrar las futuras transformaciones. A diferencia de otros trabajos que exponen la historia de Barcelona (Solà-Morales, 2008 y Espuche y Guàrdia, 1986), o bien tratan de extraer conclusiones acerca del llamado “Modelo Barcelona” (Montaner, Álvarez y Muxí 2012), este artículo se apoya en la hipótesis de que las herramientas de representación condicionan la mirada y, por lo tanto, el proyecto objeto de éstas tal y como afirma Corner (1999). A través del análisis y la comparación de diversas representaciones gráficas, se centra la mirada sobre unos pocos momentos en la historia del territorio metropolitano de Barcelona en los cuales el planeamiento urbano ha sido influenciado profundamente por las herramientas de diseño empleadas, desde la topografía al Big data.

This paper aims to describe what tools have been decisive so far in the urban planning of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area with the ultimate goal of understanding the current state of the art and anticipate future transformations. Unlike other papers describing the history of Barcelona (Solà-Morales, 2008 and Espuche and Watchkeeping, 1986) or drawing conclusions about the so-called "Barcelona model" (Montaner, Alvarez and Muxí, 2012), this article is based on the hypothesis that representation tools condition the way we see the world and so the resulting project, as Corner states (1999). By means of analysis and comparison of various cartographies, this paper reviews some moments in the history of Barcelona Metropolitan Area when urban planning has been deeply influenced by design tools, from traditional surveys to Big Data.

L'objectiu d'aquest article és descriure quines han estat les eines fins ara determinants en el planejament de l'Àrea Metropolitana per després comprendre l'estat actual de la tècnica de cara a albirar les futures transformacions. A diferència d'altres treballs que exposen la història de Barcelona (Solà-Morales, 2008 i Espuche i Guàrdia, 1986), o bé tracten d'extreure conclusions sobre l'anomenat "Model Barcelona" (Montaner, Álvarez i Muxí, 2012), aquest article es dóna suport a la hipòtesi que les eines de representació condicionen la mirada i, per tant, el projecte objecte d'aquestes tal com afirma Corner (1999). A través de l'anàlisi i la comparació de diverses representacions gràfiques, se centra la mirada sobre uns pocs moments en la història del territori metropolità de Barcelona en els quals el planejament urbà ha estat influenciat profundament per les eines de disseny emprades, des de la topografia al Big data.
Molecular phylogeny of Blaberidae (Dictyoptera, Blattodea) with implications for taxonomy and evolutionary studies
Authors: Legendre Frédéric , Grandcolas Philippe , Thouzé France
Published: March 2017

In the present “tree-thinking” period, relying on accurate phylogenetic hypotheses is of paramount importance for biologists interested in an evolutionary perspective. In the Blaberidae cockroaches, a well-defined monophyletic family comprising several model species, no such phylogenetic tree is available despite several earlier contributions. Here, using six molecular markers (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COI and COII), we investigate the relationships of Blaberidae and compare our results with the traditional morphology-based classification. This resulted in a broad spectrum of situations, from congruent and well-supported hypotheses (e.g., the monophyly of Blaberidae, Oxyhaloinae and (Geoscapheiinae + Panesthiinae)) to incongruent and weakly supported results (e.g., polyphyly of Perisphaerinae). We emphasize that interesting and contrasted situations lie between the two extremities of this spectrum, especially concerning the genera Thanatophyllum Grandcolas, 1991, Phoetalia Stål, 1874, Laxta Walker, 1868 and Pronauphoeta Shelford, 1909. We also discuss the phylogenetic position of two incertae sedis genera (Eustegasta Gerstaecker, 1883 and Gynopeltis Gerstaecker, 1869). We conclude that in-depth signal analyses should be performed to better understand molecular evolution and its consequence on tree reconstruction for this group. As for phylogenetic relationships per se, new markers should be searched for, especially to decipher deeper relationships in Blaberidae.
Validation of OncoPanel: A Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Assay for the Detection of Somatic Variants in Cancer
Authors: Garcia Elizabeth P. , Minkovsky Alissa , Jia Yonghui , Ducar Matthew D. , Shivdasani Priyanka , Gong Xin , Ligon Azra H. , Sholl Lynette M. , Kuo Frank C. , MacConaill Laura E. , Lindeman Neal I , Dong Fei
Published: March 2017

Context.—

The analysis of somatic mutations across multiple genes in cancer specimens may be used to aid clinical decision making. The analytical validation of targeted next-generation sequencing panels is important to assess accuracy and limitations.

Objective.—

To report the development and validation of OncoPanel, a custom targeted next-generation sequencing assay for cancer.

Design.—

OncoPanel was designed for the detection of single-nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, copy number alterations, and structural variants across 282 genes with evidence as drivers of cancer biology. We implemented a validation strategy using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, fresh or frozen samples compared with results obtained by clinically validated orthogonal technologies.

Results.—

OncoPanel achieved 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the detection of single-nucleotide variants, and 84% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the detection of insertions and deletions compared with single-gene assays and mass spectrometry–based genotyping. Copy number detection achieved 86% sensitivity and 98% specificity compared with array comparative genomic hybridization. The sensitivity of structural variant detection was 74% compared with karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. Sensitivity was affected by inconsistency in the detection of FLT3 and NPM1 alterations and IGH rearrangements due to design limitations. Limit of detection studies demonstrated 98.4% concordance across triplicate runs for variants with allele fraction greater than 0.1 and at least 50× coverage.

Conclusions.—

The analytical validation of OncoPanel demonstrates the ability of targeted next-generation sequencing to detect multiple types of genetic alterations across a panel of genes implicated in cancer biology.
Relationships between individual endorsement of aggressive behaviors and thoughts with prejudice relevant correlates among adolescents
Authors: Piumatti Giovanni , Mosso Cristina
Published: March 2017

The current study explored how individual differences in endorsement of aggressive behaviors and thoughts relate to individual levels of tolerance and prejudice toward immigrants and established prejudice correlates such as social dominance orientation (SDO) and ethnic out-groups ratings among adolescents. Participants (N = 141; Age M = 16.08, 68% girls) completed the Readiness for Interpersonal Aggression Inventory, the Tolerance and Prejudice Questionnaire, and measures of SDO and ethnic out-groups ratings. Results indicated that higher individual endorsement of aggression was related to higher prejudice and SDO and lower tolerance and ethnic out-groups ratings. Patterns of endorsement of aggression related to habitual and socially determined aggressive acts or stable needs to hurt others as a source of satisfaction were significantly correlated with prejudice. Conversely, the relationship between prejudice and endorsement of impulsive actions lacking of emotional control resulted was less marked. The results highlight how in the cognitive spectrum of prejudice, individual levels of endorsement of aggression may play a significant triggering role during adolescence. These findings may have implications for future studies and interventions aimed at reducing prejudice already in young ages.
Introduction
Authors: Shaw Philip
Published: March 2017

No abstract.
Kulturaspekter i teknisk oversættelse – en ny runde i et gammelt spil
Authors: Kastberg Peter
Published: March 2017

My point of departure is opposition towards what seems to be a stereotypical notion of technical communication; namely that it is an instance of domain-specific communication devoid of cultural context, a cultural tabula rasa, so to speak. The main focus of this article is to discuss critically this notion and – on the basis of this diskussion – to point to the drawing of a clear line between the technical matter on the one hand and the textualization of technical matter on the other hand.
Un oubli mémorable. Les journaux québécois face à la demande sociale de reconnaissance du génocide arménien par la communauté arménienne québécoise (1965-1998)
Authors: Chabot Joceline , Kasparian Sylvia , Thériault Christine
Published: March 2017

Depuis plus d’un demi-siècle, la communauté arménienne en diaspora lutte pour la reconnaissance du génocide commis contre les Arméniens par les autorités de l’Empire Ottoman en 1915-1916. Ce crime est l’objet d’un oubli institutionnalisé par le déni turc et l’indifférence d’une partie de la communauté internationale. C’est dans ce cadre que se situe notre article qui interroge la dynamique politique et symbolique mise en oeuvre dans l’espace médiatique québécois d’une demande de reconnaissance du génocide arménien par la communauté arménienne québécoise. Plus précisément, nous analysons l’inscription de la mémoire du génocide arménien et de sa représentation dans deux journaux québécois Le Devoir et La Presse, de son émergence dans les années 1960 jusqu’à la fin des années 1990. Le recours aux outils informatisés d’analyse de données textuelles pour l’analyse exploratoire et descriptive de notre corpus de presse représente l’un des aspects novateurs de notre recherche.