bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sputnik Planitia as an impactor remnant indicative of an ancient rocky mascon in an oceanless Pluto
Authors: Ballantyne Harry A. , Asphaug Erik , Denton C. Adeene , Emsenhuber Alexandre , Jutzi Martin
Published: April 2024

Pluto’s surface is dominated by the huge, pear-shaped basin Sputnik Planitia. It appears to be of impact origin, but modelling has not yet explained its peculiar geometry. We propose an impact mechanism that reproduces its topographic shape while also explaining its alignment near the Pluto–Charon axis. Using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to model realistic collisions, we provide a hypothesis that does not rely upon a cold, stiff crust atop a contrarily liquid ocean where a differentiated ~730 km ice–rock impactor collides at low-velocity into a subsolidus Pluto-like target. The result is a new geologic region dominated by impactor material, namely a basin that (in a 30° collision) closely reproduces the morphology of Sputnik Planitia, and a captured rocky impactor core that has penetrated the ice to accrete as a substantial, strength-supported mascon. This provides an alternative explanation for Sputnik Planitia’s equatorial alignment and illustrates a regime in which strength effects, in low-velocity collisions between trans-Neptunian objects, lead to impactor-dominated regions on the surface and at depth.
Prasinezumab slows motor progression in rapidly progressing early-stage Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Pagano Gennaro , Taylor Kirsten I. , Anzures Cabrera Judith , Simuni Tanya , Marek Kenneth , Postuma Ronald B. , Pavese Nicola , Stocchi Fabrizio , Brockmann Kathrin , Svoboda Hanno , Trundell Dylan , Monnet Annabelle , Doody Rachelle , Fontoura Paulo , Kerchner Geoffrey A. , Brundin Patrik , Nikolcheva Tania , Bonni Azad ,   PASADENA Investigators,   Prasinezumab Study Group
Published: April 2024

Prasinezumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds aggregated α-synuclein, is being investigated as a potential disease-modifying therapy in early-stage Parkinson’s disease. Although in the PASADENA phase 2 study, the primary endpoint (Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) sum of Parts I + II + III) was not met, prasinezumab-treated individuals exhibited slower progression of motor signs than placebo-treated participants (MDS-UPDRS Part III). We report here an exploratory analysis assessing whether prasinezumab showed greater benefits on motor signs progression in prespecified subgroups with faster motor progression. Prasinezumab’s potential effects on disease progression were assessed in four prespecified and six exploratory subpopulations of PASADENA: use of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors at baseline (yes versus no); Hoehn and Yahr stage (2 versus 1); rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (yes versus no); data-driven subphenotypes (diffuse malignant versus nondiffuse malignant); age at baseline (≥60 years versus <60 years); sex (male versus female); disease duration (>12 months versus <12 months); age at diagnosis (≥60 years versus <60 years); motor subphenotypes (akinetic–rigid versus tremor-dominant); and motor subphenotypes (postural instability gait dysfunction versus tremor-dominant). In these subpopulations, the effect of prasinezumab on slowing motor signs progression (MDS-UPDRS Part III) was greater in the rapidly progressing subpopulations (for example, participants who were diffuse malignant or taking monoamine oxidase B inhibitors at baseline). This exploratory analysis suggests that, in a trial of 1-year duration, prasinezumab might reduce motor progression to a greater extent in individuals with more rapidly progressing Parkinson’s disease. However, because this was a post hoc analysis, additional randomized clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.
Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveals the accumulation patterns of key metabolites associated with flavonoids and terpenoids of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino
Authors: Zhao Xiaomeng , Ge Weiwei , Miao Zhi
Published: April 2024

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) is a medicinal and edible plant with multiple functions of liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, balancing blood sugar and blood lipids. The nutritional value of the G. pentaphyllum plant is mainly due to its rich variety of biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, terpenes and polysaccharides. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis combining metabolomics and root, stem and leaf transcriptomic data of G. pentaphyllum. We used transcriptomics and metabolomics data to construct a dynamic regulatory network diagram of G. pentaphyllum flavonoids and terpenoids, and screened the transcription factors involved in flavonoids and terpenoids, including basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), myb-related, WRKY, AP2/ERF. Transcriptome analysis results showed that among the DEGs related to the synthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS) were core genes. This study presents a dynamic image of gene expression in different tissues of G. pentaphyllum, elucidating the key genes and metabolites of flavonoids and terpenoids. This study is beneficial to a deeper understanding of the medicinal plants of G. pentaphyllum, and also provides a scientific basis for further regulatory mechanisms of plant natural product synthesis pathways and drug development.
No difference in postprandial mesenteric blood flow between healthy younger and elderly individuals
Authors: Siebner Thomas Hartwig , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Madelung Christopher Fugl , Hulme Oliver James , Bendtsen Flemming , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Barløse Mads
Published: April 2024

We recently used phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) to demonstrate an attenuated postprandial blood flow response in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Since both groups showed substantial inter-individual variations, we extended the cohort of controls with a group of young individuals to investigate possible age-related effects. Seventeen healthy young subjects aged < 30 years and 17 elderly subjects aged > 50 years underwent serial PC-MRI to measure the postprandial blood flow response in the SMA after ingestion of a standardized liquid test meal (∼400 kcal). Postprandial blood flow dynamics in SMA did not differ between young and elderly subjects. A noticeable inter-individual variation in postprandial intestinal blood flow increase was found, and approximately 30% of the variation could be explained by the preprandial blood flow. Regardless of age, some subjects showed a remarkable transient SMA blood flow increase immediately after meal intake. This study provides tentative evidence that postprandial blood flow dynamics in SMA in healthy young and elderly subjects do not substantially differ, indicating that age is without impact on vascular response in SMA as an indicator for regulation of mesenteric perfusion in response to food intake.
The application of improved densenet algorithm in accurate image recognition
Authors: Hou Yuntao , Wu Zequan , Cai Xiaohua , Zhu Tianyu
Published: April 2024

Image recognition technology belongs to an important research field of artificial intelligence. In order to enhance the application value of image recognition technology in the field of computer vision and improve the technical dilemma of image recognition, the research improves the feature reuse method of dense convolutional network. Based on gradient quantization, traditional parallel algorithms have been improved. This improvement allows for independent parameter updates layer by layer, reducing communication time and data volume. The introduction of quantization error reduces the impact of gradient loss on model convergence. The test results show that the improvement strategy designed by the research improves the model parameter efficiency while ensuring the recognition effect. Narrowing the learning rate is conducive to refining the updating granularity of model parameters, and deepening the number of network layers can effectively improve the final recognition accuracy and convergence effect of the model. It is better than the existing state-of-the-art image recognition models, visual geometry group and EfficientNet. The parallel acceleration algorithm, which is improved by the gradient quantization, performs better than the traditional synchronous data parallel algorithm, and the improvement of the acceleration ratio is obvious. Compared with the traditional synchronous data parallel algorithm and stale synchronous parallel algorithm, the optimized parallel acceleration algorithm of the study ensures the image data training speed and solves the bottleneck problem of communication data. The model designed by the research improves the accuracy and training speed of image recognition technology and expands the use of image recognition technology in the field of computer vision.Please confirm the affiliation details of [1] is correct.The relevant detailed information in reference [1] has been confirmed to be correct.
RACGAP1 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Zhiyang , Wu Shaohang , Tu Jiahua , Wang Mingyang , Liang Weicheng , Cheng Jiangdong , Guan Jun , Xu Jianxin
Published: April 2024

We aimed to investigate the expression and clinic significance of Rac GTPase Activating Protein 1 (RACGAP1) in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Online database analysis revealed a significant increase in RACGAP1 mRNA expression among 26 types of tumor tissues, including LUAD tissues. Online database and tissue microarray analyses indicated that RACGAP1 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues. Genetic variation analysis identified four different genetic variations of RACGAPs in LUAD. Moreover, online database analysis showed that RACGAP1 upregulation was correlated with shorter survival in patients with LUAD. After silencing RACGAP1 expression in A549 cells using siRNA and assessing its protein levels via Western blotting, we found that RACGAP1 knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Mechanistically, western blot analysis indicated that Bax expression increased, whereas Bcl-2 expression decreased. Moreover, RACGAP1 knockdown attenuated PI3K/AKT pathway activation in lung cancer cells. Taken together, our findings showed that RACGAP1 was overexpressed in LUAD tissues and played an important role in lung cancer by increasing cell growth through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study suggests recommends evaluating RACGAP1 in clinical settings as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Experimental analysis and safety assessment of thermal runaway behavior in lithium iron phosphate batteries under mechanical abuse
Authors: Chai Zhixiong , Li Junqiu , Liu Ziming , Liu Zhengnan , Jin Xin
Published: April 2024

Mechanical abuse can lead to internal short circuits and thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, causing severe harm. Therefore, this paper systematically investigates the thermal runaway behavior and safety assessment of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries under mechanical abuse through experimental research. Mechanical abuse experiments are conducted under different conditions and battery state of charge (SOC), capturing force, voltage, and temperature responses during failure. Subsequently, characteristic parameters of thermal runaway behavior are extracted. Further, mechanical abuse conditions are quantified, and the relationship between experimental conditions and battery characteristic parameters is analyzed. Finally, regression models for battery safety boundaries and the degree of thermal runaway risk are established. The research results indicate that the extracted characteristic parameters effectively reflect internal short circuit (ISC) and thermal runaway behaviors, and the regression models provide a robust description of the battery's safety boundaries and thermal runaway risk degree. This work sheds light on understanding thermal runaway behavior and safety assessment methods for lithium-ion cells under mechanical abuse.
Machine learning-powered estimation of malachite green photocatalytic degradation with NML-BiFeO3 composites
Authors: Salahshoori Iman , Yazdanbakhsh Amirhosein , Baghban Alireza
Published: April 2024

This study explores the potential of photocatalytic degradation using novel NML-BiFeO3 (noble metal-incorporated bismuth ferrite) compounds for eliminating malachite green (MG) dye from wastewater. The effectiveness of various Gaussian process regression (GPR) models in predicting MG degradation is investigated. Four GPR models (Matern, Exponential, Squared Exponential, and Rational Quadratic) were employed to analyze a dataset of 1200 observations encompassing various experimental conditions. The models have considered ten input variables, including catalyst properties, solution characteristics, and operational parameters. The Exponential kernel-based GPR model achieved the best performance, with a near-perfect R2 value of 1.0, indicating exceptional accuracy in predicting MG degradation. Sensitivity analysis revealed process time as the most critical factor influencing MG degradation, followed by pore volume, catalyst loading, light intensity, catalyst type, pH, anion type, surface area, and humic acid concentration. This highlights the complex interplay between these factors in the degradation process. The reliability of the models was confirmed by outlier detection using William’s plot, demonstrating a minimal number of outliers (66–71 data points depending on the model). This indicates the robustness of the data utilized for model development. This study suggests that NML-BiFeO3 composites hold promise for wastewater treatment and that GPR models, particularly Matern-GPR, offer a powerful tool for predicting MG degradation. Identifying fundamental catalyst properties can expedite the application of NML-BiFeO3, leading to optimized wastewater treatment processes. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into using NML-BiFeO3 compounds and machine learning for efficient MG removal from wastewater.
Individuals vary in their overt attention preference for positive images consistently across time and stimulus types
Authors: Guy Nitzan , Sklar Asael Y. , Amiaz Revital , Golan Yael , Livny Abigail , Pertzov Yoni
Published: April 2024

What humans look at strongly determines what they see. We show that individual differences in the tendency to look at positive stimuli are stable across time and across contents, establishing gaze positivity preference as a perceptual trait that determines the amount of positively valence stimuli individuals select for visual processing. Furthermore, we show that patients with major depressive disorder exhibit consistently low positivity preference before treatment. In a subset of patients, we also assessed the positivity preference after two months of treatment in which positivity gaze preference increased to levels similar to healthy individuals. We discuss the possible practical diagnostic applications of these findings, as well as how this general gaze-related trait may influence other behavioral and psychological aspects.
Assessing soil erosion and farmers’ decision of reducing erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation in Burji woreda, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Djillo Shibru Chuda , Wolka Kebede , Tofu Daniel Assefa
Published: April 2024

Inadequate conservation practice affects the sustainable production of agricultural watersheds due to erosion and fertility decline. Understanding soil erosion and implementing site-specific conservation practice could enhance agriculture-based rural development. The study was aimed to document soil erosion problem and soil and water conservation effort. The specific objectives of this study were to assess soil erosion severity, practices to reduce erosion, and determinants of the decision to reduce erosion. Data were collected by interviewing 198 farm household heads, undertaking four focus group discussions, and assessing rill erosion in 10 farm fields in Morayo and Wacho sub-watersheds of southern Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and binary logit model were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that many of the farm households, 63% in Morayo and 83% in the Wacho sub-watershed, perceived moderate to severe soil erosion, which is characterized by big rills and small gullies on the farmlands. Rill densities of 231.4 m ha−1 and 84.1 m ha−1 in the Morayo and Wacho sub-watersheds were observed, respectively. The estimated annual soil loss due to rills was 61.2 and 23.4 Mg ha−1 in the Morayo and Wacho sub-watersheds, respectively. The soil erosion from rills alone exceeds the expected tolerable soil erosion (11 tons ha−1 year−1). Due to erosion, about 90% of farmers perceived farmland degradation as described by a progressive decline in crop yield. Farmers used to practice traditional techniques to reduce erosion and government introduced conservation measures such as soil and stone bunds. However, many farmers did not use well-promoted conservation measures such as bunds, which could have negative impact on long-term erosion control effort and sustainable implementation of the conservation options. Among the assessed explanatory variables, educational level, farm distance from home, slope of the cultivated land, and frequency of extension contact were significantly affected (p < 0.05) farmers’ sustainable use of conservation measures. Development planners and policy makers are advised to consider site-specific and innovative approaches to implement conservation measures in sustainable approach in the smallholder crop-livestock mixed agriculture system.
Analysis of immune cell infiltration characteristics in severe acute pancreatitis through integrated bioinformatics
Authors: Xiao Shuai , Han Xiao , Bai Shuhui , Chen Rui
Published: April 2024

The etiopathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains poorly understood. We aim to investigate the role of immune cells Infiltration Characteristics during SAP progression. Gene expression profiles of the GSE194331 dataset were retrieved from the GEO. Lasso regression and random forest algorithms were employed to select feature genes from genes related to SAP progression and immune responses. CIBERSORT was utilized to estimate differences in immune cell types and proportions and the relationship between immune cells and gene expression. We performed pathway enrichment analysis using GSEA to examine disparities in KEGG signaling pathways when comparing the two groups. Additionally, CMap analysis was executed to identify prospective small molecular compounds. The three hub genes (CBLB, JADE2, RNF144A) were identified that can predict SAP progression. Analysis of CIBERSORT and TISIDB databases has shown that there are significant differences in immune cell expression levels between the normal and SAP groups, and three hub genes (CBLB, JADE2, RNF144A) were highly correlated with multiple immune cells, regulating the characteristics of immune cell infiltration in the microenvironment. Finally, drug prediction through the Connectivity Map database suggested that compounds such as Entecavir, KU-0063794, Y-27632, and Antipyrine have certain effects as potential targeted drugs for the treatment of SAP. CBLB, JADE2, and RNF144A are hub genes in SAP, potentially playing important roles in SAP progression. This finding further broadens the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of SAP and provides a feasible basis for future research on diagnostic and immunotherapeutic targets for SAP.
Intelligentization helps the green and energy-saving transformation of power industry-evidence from substation engineering in China
Authors: Liang Minxin , Liu Lingzi , Liang Weigao , Mi Wei , Ye Kaihui , Gao Jie
Published: April 2024

The coordinated development of intelligence and greening is an intrinsic demand for high-quality economic and social development. Intelligentization and greening are the leading directions of sustainable development of the power industry. This paper directs of sustainable development of the power industry. This paper empirically analyzes the effect and mechanism of intelligence on the green environmental friendliness of electric power substations by using a panel fixed-effects model and instrumental variable regression, using substation engineering data from China southern power grid during 2013–2022. It is found that the level of intelligence significantly promotes the green performance of substation projects, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. Intelligence can reduce material waste and pollutant emissions by improving the engineering environmental monitoring capability and the refinement of engineering resource control, thus improving the environmental friendliness of the project. The research in this paper helps to promote the integrated development of intelligent and green power engineering, to better achieve economic and green goals.
Mitigating methane emissions and global warming potential while increasing rice yield using biochar derived from leftover rice straw in a tropical paddy soil
Authors: Somboon Saowalak , Rossopa Benjamas , Yodda Sujitra , Sukitprapanon Tanabhat-Sakorn , Chidthaisong Amnat , Lawongsa Phrueksa
Published: April 2024

The sustainable management of leftover rice straw through biochar production to mitigate CH4 emissions and enhance rice yield remains uncertain and undefined. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of using biochar derived from rice straw left on fields after harvest on greenhouse gas emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and rice yield in the paddy field. The experiment included three treatments: chemical fertilizer (CF), rice straw (RS, 10 t ha−1) + CF, and rice straw-derived biochar (BC, 3 t ha−1 based on the amount of product remaining after pyrolysis) + CF. Compared with CF, BC + CF significantly reduced cumulative CH4 and CO2 emissions, net GWP, and greenhouse gas emission intensity by 42.9%, 37.4%, 39.5%, and 67.8%, respectively. In contrast, RS + CF significantly increased cumulative CH4 emissions and net GWP by 119.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The reduced CH4 emissions were mainly caused by the addition of BC + CF, which did not increase the levels of dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, consequently resulting in reduced archaeal abundance, unlike those observed in RS + CF. The BC + CF also enhanced soil total organic carbon content and rice grain yield. This study indicated that using biochar derived from leftover rice straw mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and improves rice productivity in tropical paddy soil.
OPN silencing reduces hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via PI3K-AKT-induced protective autophagy
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Ran , Ding Qi , Zhang Yuwei , Yang Hui , Han Ying , Liu Chuanchuan , Liu Jie , Wang Shenglan
Published: April 2024

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pulmonary vascular disease primarily characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling in a hypoxic environment, posing a significant clinical challenge. Leveraging data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and human autophagy-specific databases, osteopontin (OPN) emerged as a differentially expressed gene, upregulated in cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite this association, the precise mechanism by which OPN regulates autophagy in HPH remains unclear, prompting the focus of this study. Through biosignature analysis, we observed significant alterations in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in PAH-associated autophagy. Subsequently, we utilized an animal model of OPNfl/fl-TAGLN-Cre mice and PASMCs with OPN shRNA to validate these findings. Our results revealed right ventricular hypertrophy and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension model mice. Notably, these effects were attenuated in conditionally deleted OPN-knockout mice or OPN-silenced hypoxic PASMCs. Furthermore, hypoxic PASMCs with OPN shRNA exhibited increased autophagy compared to those in hypoxia alone. Consistent findings from in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that OPN inhibition during hypoxia reduced PI3K expression while increasing LC3B and Beclin1 expression. Similarly, PASMCs exposed to hypoxia and PI3K inhibitors had higher expression levels of LC3B and Beclin1 and suppressed AKT expression. Based on these findings, our study suggests that OPNfl/fl-TAGLN-Cre effectively alleviates HPH, potentially through OPN-mediated inhibition of autophagy, thereby promoting PASMCs proliferation via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Consequently, OPN emerges as a novel therapeutic target for HPH.
Label-free Brillouin endo-microscopy for the quantitative 3D imaging of sub-micrometre biology
Authors: La Cavera Salvatore , Chauhan Veeren M. , Hardiman William , Yao Mengting , Fuentes-Domínguez Rafael , Setchfield Kerry , Abayzeed Sidahmed A. , Pérez-Cota Fernando , Smith Richard J. , Clark Matt
Published: April 2024

This report presents an optical fibre-based endo-microscopic imaging tool that simultaneously measures the topographic profile and 3D viscoelastic properties of biological specimens through the phenomenon of time-resolved Brillouin scattering. This uses the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the specimen as a contrast mechanism without fluorescent tags or photoacoustic contrast mechanisms. We demonstrate 2 μm lateral resolution and 320 nm axial resolution for the 3D imaging of biological cells and Caenorhabditis elegans larvae. This has enabled the first ever 3D stiffness imaging and characterisation of the C. elegans larva cuticle in-situ. A label-free, subcellular resolution, and endoscopic compatible technique that reveals structural biologically-relevant material properties of tissue could pave the way toward in-vivo elasticity-based diagnostics down to the single cell level.
Cytoskeletal rearrangement precedes nucleolar remodeling during adipogenesis
Authors: Potolitsyna Evdokiia , Pickering Sarah Hazell , Bellanger Aurélie , Germier Thomas , Collas Philippe , Briand Nolwenn
Published: April 2024

Differentiation of adipose progenitor cells into mature adipocytes entails a dramatic reorganization of the cellular architecture to accommodate lipid storage into cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Lipid droplets occupy most of the adipocyte volume, compressing the nucleus beneath the plasma membrane. How this cellular remodeling affects sub-nuclear structure, including size and number of nucleoli, remains unclear. We describe the morphological remodeling of the nucleus and the nucleolus during in vitro adipogenic differentiation of primary human adipose stem cells. We find that cell cycle arrest elicits a remodeling of nucleolar structure which correlates with a decrease in protein synthesis. Strikingly, triggering cytoskeletal rearrangements mimics the nucleolar remodeling observed during adipogenesis. Our results point to nucleolar remodeling as an active, mechano-regulated mechanism during adipogenic differentiation and demonstrate a key role of the actin cytoskeleton in defining nuclear and nucleolar architecture in differentiating human adipose stem cells.
Enhancing predictive accuracy in social contagion dynamics via directed hypergraph structures
Authors: Li Juyi , Wu Xiaoqun , Lü Jinhu , Lei Ling
Published: April 2024

Evidence from both theoretical and empirical studies suggests that higher-order networks have emerged as powerful tools for modeling social contagions, such as opinion formation. In this article, we develop a model of social contagion on directed hypergraphs by considering the heterogeneity of individuals and environments in terms of reinforcing contagion effects. By distinguishing the directedness between nodes and hyperedges, we find that the bistable interval of the discontinuous phase transition decreases as the directedness strength decreases. Additionally, directed hypergraphs tend to generate bistable intervals when nodes with a large hyperdegree are more likely to adopt a specific opinion, as evidenced by simulations of directionality assignments for three sets of real networks. These findings provide two approaches to enhance the accuracy of predicting social contagion dynamics: one is to increase the stubbornness of all individuals, and the other is to prioritize increasing the stubbornness of highly influential individuals.
Children exhibit a developmental advantage in the offline processing of a learned motor sequence
Authors: Van Roy Anke , Albouy Geneviève , Burns Ryan D. , King Bradley R.
Published: April 2024

Changes in specific behaviors across the lifespan are frequently reported as an inverted-U trajectory. That is, young adults exhibit optimal performance, children are conceptualized as developing systems progressing towards this ideal state, and older adulthood is characterized by performance decrements. However, not all behaviors follow this trajectory, as there are instances in which children outperform young adults. Here, we acquired data from 7–35 and >55 year-old participants and assessed potential developmental advantages in motor sequence learning and memory consolidation. Results revealed no credible evidence for differences in initial learning dynamics among age groups, but 7- to 12-year-old children exhibited smaller sequence-specific learning relative to adolescents, young adults and older adults. Interestingly, children demonstrated the greatest performance gains across the 5 h and 24 h offline periods, reflecting enhanced motor memory consolidation. These results suggest that children exhibit an advantage in the offline processing of recently learned motor sequences.
A multimode biosensor based on prussian blue nanoparticles loaded with gold nanoclusters for the detection of aflatoxin B1
Authors: Fu Zhaodi , Huang Juan , Wei Wei , Wu Zhihui , Shi Xingbo
Published: April 2024

Herein, a novel fluorescent/colorimetric/photothermal biosensor is proposed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection in food based on Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) (∼50 nm), gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), and an aptamer (Apt) within three hours.
Ultrasmall catechol-PEG-anchored ferrite nanoparticles for highly sensitive magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Dong Yanzhi , Wang Jiaojiao , Zhou Ting , Pan Jinbing , Wang Xu , Sun Shao-Kai
Published: April 2024

We developed ultrasmall catechol-PEG-anchored ferrite nanoparticles for highly sensitive MRA. The probe enables the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis and subsequent evaluation of reperfusion through a single injection.
A review: advancing organic electronics through the lens of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids
Authors: Arora Swati , Verma Nagendra
Published: April 2024

Realizing organic electronics through the realm of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids.
Gold–copper oxide core–shell plasmonic nanoparticles: the effect of pH on shell stability and mechanistic insights into shell formation
Authors: Bartolucci Stephen F. , Leff Asher C. , Maurer Joshua A.
Published: April 2024

Gold–Copper oxide core–shell nanoparticles of various shapes were synthesized, and the stability of the oxide shell was studied during pH cycling as well as the importance of ligands in shell formation.
Targeted nanotherapy platform mediated tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell immune function effects for collaborative anti-tumor photothermal immunotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Jianhuan , Ma Cailing , Zhang Chuanshan
Published: April 2024

The process of immune photothermal therapy.
The effect of comb length on the in vitro and in vivo properties of self-assembled poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)-based block copolymer nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Andrew , Lofts Andrew , Krishnan Ramya , Campea Matthew , Chen Lan , Wan Yonghong , Hoare Todd
Published: April 2024

Comb copolymer analogues of poly(lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol block copolymers (PLA-b-PEG) offer potential to overcome the inherent chemistry and stability limitations of their linear block copolymer counterparts.
High value-added fuel additive production from waste bio-glycerol over a versatile nanohybrid catalyst
Authors: Singh Vijendra , Arumugam Selvamani , Joshi Deepak , Kumar Mahesh , Semalty Sadhna , Viswanadham Nagabhatla
Published: April 2024

This study presents a pioneering nanohybrid catalyst featuring hierarchically porous dual-functional (acid–base) active sites, which is a versatile catalyst for the crucial bio-glycerol acetalization reaction.
Production of 225Ac for medical application from 232Th-metallic targets in Nb-shells irradiated with middle-energy protons
Authors: Ermolaev Stanislav V. , Vasiliev Aleksandr N. , Lapshina Elena V. , Kobtsev Aleksandr A. , Zhuikov Boris L.
Published: April 2024

A method for large-scale production of prospective medical radionuclide 225Ac including irradiation of a massive metallic 232Th-target in Nb-shell with 160 MeV-protons and original procedure of highly purified 225Ac isolation has been developed.
In situ growth of highly active Cu–Fe spinel materials on N-doped porous carbon spheres via an adjustable localized microenvironment
Authors: Lu Qidi , Wang Jianrong , Zhao Zhenlu
Published: April 2024

Cu0.86Fe2.14O4 spinel grown in situ on N-doped porous carbon spheres has favorable oxygen reduction property, and the excellent stability of the Cu0.86Fe2.14O4 spinel structure provides the overall material with stability over a long period of time.
A recirculation system for concentrating CO2 electrolyzer products
Authors: Kistler Tobias A. , Prabhakar Rajiv Ramanujam , Agbo Peter
Published: April 2024

Ethylene concentrations from electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction are increased 20-fold by using a recirculation system with a hydrogen pump.
Discrimination of Diptera order insects based on their saturated cuticular hydrocarbon content using a new microextraction procedure and chromatographic analysis
Authors: León-Morán L. O. , Pastor-Belda M. , Viñas P. , Arroyo-Manzanares N. , García M. D. , Arnaldos M. I. , Campillo N.
Published: April 2024

The nature and proportion of saturated hydrocarbons present in the insect cuticle are characteristic of the species and age and allow the classification of the individuals.
A simple, fast and inexpensive approach to quantify low concentrations of iron in biodiesel by voltammetry after extraction induced by microemulsion breaking
Authors: Krause Cristian H. , Schneider Alexandre B. , Kolling Leandro , Oliveira Lauren T. T. , da Silva Márcia M.
Published: April 2024

This work presents a novel strategy involving extraction induced by microemulsion breaking to extract Fe from biodiesel for its determination by differential pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with a portable potentiostat.
Difunctionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes for amination and heteroarylation via metal-free photocatalysis
Authors: Zhong Yuanchen , Zhuang Zhen , Zhang Xiaofei , Xu Bin , Yang Chunhao
Published: April 2024

Herein we report a metal-free photocatalytic method for amination and heteroarylation of gem-difluoroalkenes.
Ultralong-life and high-capacity magnesium/sodium hybrid-ion battery using a ternary CoSe/NiSe2/CuSe2 cathode and dual-ion electrolyte
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhu Yajun , Shen Yun , Qiu Hui , Han Tianli , Li Jinjin , Liu Jinyun
Published: April 2024

An ultrahigh-performance magnesium/sodium hybrid-ion battery is developed using a CoSe/NiSe2/CuSe2 cathode and a dual-ion electrolyte, which is significant for engineering many other energy-storage systems.
Rare-earth acetates as alternative precursors for rare-earth cluster-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Richezzi Micaela , Donnarumma P. Rafael , Copeman Christopher , Howarth Ashlee J.
Published: April 2024

RE-UiO-66 analogues are synthesized using RE acetates as precursors for the first time.
Development of actin dimerization inducers inspired by actin-depolymerizing macrolides
Authors: Itakura Moeka , Utomo Didik Huswo , Kita Masaki
Published: April 2024

A side-chain dimer analog of aplyronine A potently depolymerized filamentous actin, and gave a highly distorted and twisted orientation of actin in a 2 : 1 complex.
A high-performance chiral 19F-labeled probe with an increased structural twisting
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Gu Guangxing , Zhang Wei , Wu Jian , Zhao Yanchuan
Published: April 2024

We developed a new strategy to enhance the chiral discrimination capability of 19F-labeled probes by tuning the torsion angle of the probe's backbone, allowing for the resolution of challenging analytes.
On-surface polymerization reactions of dibrominated hexaphenylbenzene influenced by densely packed self-assembly
Authors: Ooe Hiroaki , Yokoyama Takashi
Published: April 2024

This work presents the influence of molecular self-assembly of dibrominated hexaphenylbenzene (Br2-HPB) on the on-surface polymerization reactions on Au(111) substrate.
Unexpected longer T1 lifetime of 6-sulfur guanine than 6-selenium guanine: the solvent effect of hydrogen bonds to brake the triplet decay
Authors: Liu Shaoting , Lee Yuhsuan , Chen Lingfang , Deng Jingheng , Ma Tongmei , Barbatti Mario , Bai Shuming
Published: April 2024

The solvent effect of hydrogen bonds affects the activation energy of triplet decay, which is crucial to explain the difference of T1 lifetime between 6-sulfur guanine and 6-selenium guanine in aqueous solution.
Correction: Tackling data scarcity with transfer learning: a case study of thickness characterization from optical spectra of perovskite thin films
Authors: Parker Tian Siyu Isaac , Ren Zekun , Venkataraj Selvaraj , Cheng Yuanhang , Bash Daniil , Oviedo Felipe , Senthilnath J. , Chellappan Vijila , Lim Yee-Fun , Aberle Armin G. , MacLeod Benjamin P. , Parlane Fraser G. L. , Berlinguette Curtis P. , Li Qianxiao , Buonassisi Tonio , Liu Zhe
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Tackling data scarcity with transfer learning: a case study of thickness characterization from optical spectra of perovskite thin films’ by Siyu Isaac Parker Tian et al., Digital Discovery, 2023, 2, 1334–1346, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DD00149G.
Correction: Predicting the dye-sensitized solar cell performance of novel linear carbon chain-based dyes: insights from DFT simulations
Authors: Consiglio Giuseppe , Gorczyński Adam , Petralia Salvatore , Forte Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Predicting the dye-sensitized solar cell performance of novel linear carbon chain-based dyes: insights from DFT simulations’ by Giuseppe Consiglio et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 15995–16004, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3DT01856C.
Portable platform for leukocyte extraction from blood using sheath-free microfluidic DLD
Authors: Chavez-Pineda Oriana G. , Rodriguez-Moncayo Roberto , Gonzalez-Suarez Alan M. , Guevara-Pantoja Pablo E. , Maravillas-Montero Jose L. , Garcia-Cordero Jose L.
Published: April 2024

A microfluidic platform isolates leukocytes from blood efficiently, offering diagnostic and immunotherapeutic potential. Enhanced by a handheld pressure controller, it enables near-patient testing and integration with downstream assays.
Creation of three-dimensional composite architectures via high-intensity focused ultrasound inside of foams
Authors: Lee Chang-Uk , Cui Jianxun , Tewani Hridyesh R. , Prabhakar Pavana , Boydston Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

Bicontinuous composites are formed by using high-intensity focused ultrasound to cure resins within open-cell foams. Different resin formulations are demonstrated and give rise to unique mechanical properties for the resulting composites.
Triboelectric nanogenerator based on electrospun molecular ferroelectric composite nanofibers for energy harvesting
Authors: Deswal Swati , Arab Shima , He Nanfei , Gao Wei , Lee Bongmook , Misra Veena
Published: April 2024

An eco-friendly triboelectric nanogenerator constructed with molecular ferroelectric fiber mats offers a scalable and cost-effective solution for wearable electronics.
Correction: Aptamer AS1411 interacts with the KRAS promoter/hnRNP A1 complex and shows increased potency against drug-resistant lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Yuejie , Li Xiang , Zhang Qi , Yang Xiantao , Sun Xudong , Pan Yi , Yuan Xia , Ma Yuan , Xu Bo , Yang Zhenjun
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Aptamer AS1411 interacts with the KRAS promoter/hnRNP A1 complex and shows increased potency against drug-resistant lung cancer’ by Yuejie Zhu et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3md00752a.
Fabrication of a photothermal antibacterial platform for bacterial infectious skin wound healing: a review
Authors: Han Mei , Sun Wenjing , Chen Yi , Li Hongbin
Published: April 2024

Antibiotics are the main strategy to treat bacterial infections, but can cause bacterial resistance. We comprehensively summarize work on the fabrication of photothermal antibacterial platforms for bacterial infectious skin wound healing.
Paper-based colorimetric hyperammonemia sensing by controlled oxidation of plasmonic silver nanoparticles
Authors: Merkl Padryk , Sotiriou Georgios A.
Published: April 2024

High ammonia concentrations in the human body are diffuse and hard to diagnose but can lead to serious neurological complications. To tackle this, we developed an ammonia sensor based on silver nanoparticles and demonstrated it in a dip-stick format.
Steam reforming of aromatics mixture as a model tar over Ni/Al2O3 structured catalyst
Authors: Watanabe Ryo , Tanabe Takuya , Fushimi Yuya , Verma Priyanka , Fukuhara Choji
Published: April 2024

The Ni/Al2O3 structured catalyst shows stable performance for steam reforming of toluene and naphthalene mixture feeds for 50 hours under optimal conditions, exhibiting remarkable durability in steam reforming of model tar compounds.
A heat-resistant explosive featuring an N,N′-ethylene bridged 1,2,4-1H-triazole fused ring
Authors: Wang Shaoqing , Li Congcong , Li Shaojia , Yin Hongquan , Ma Qing , Chen Fu-Xue
Published: April 2024

A high thermal stability explosive with a fused-ring structure was formed by N,N′-ethylene bridging, exhibiting decomposition temperatures comparable to traditional HNS.
Perylene with peripherally fused pyrrole and pyridine: columnar packing, anti-Kasha dual emission and reactive oxygen species generation
Authors: Cao Jing , Zhang Wenhao , Ding Yeda , Zhang Xuejin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qiao Dan , Biao Shumin , Dong Xuefei , Song Jiayi , Dai Gaole , Zhao Ruiguo , Wang Qing
Published: April 2024

With a spatially separated donor–acceptor group within a plane, PerNN and its derivatives demonstrate properties such as columnar stacking, anti-Kasha dual emission responsive to solvent polarity and efficient ROS generation.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: April 2024

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as eugeniinaline A from Leuconotis eugeniifolia.
Supramolecular design as a route to high-performing organic electrodes
Authors: Davis Ani N. , Parui Kausturi , Butala Megan M. , Evans Austin M.
Published: April 2024

Supramolecular design principles are emerging as a powerful tool to manipulate organic cathode performance. In this review, we discuss how supramolecular interactions influence electrode behavior.
Benchmarking break-junction techniques: electric and thermoelectric characterization of naphthalenophanes
Authors: Hurtado-Gallego Juan , van der Poel Sebastiaan , Blaschke Matthias , Gallego Almudena , Hsu Chunwei , López-Nebreda Rubén , Mayor Marcel , Pauly Fabian , Agraït Nicolás , van der Zant Herre S. J.
Published: April 2024

Break-junction techniques provide the possibility to study electric and thermoelectric properties of single-molecule junctions in great detail.
Visible-light-mediated catalyst-free synthesis of trifluoromethyl(spiro)-epoxides bearing contiguous quaternary centers
Authors: Lin Jingchuan , Zhang Yu , Wang Jinxin , Han Xinyu , Zhu Shenglan , Li Tong , Zhu Yanping , Zhang Wei-Dong
Published: April 2024

Herein, we describe a non-covalent complex-mediated epoxidation strategy that can yield highly selective central spiro-epoxides by irradiation with visible light without the need for catalyst addition.
Metal-free cascade O–H double insertion between I(III)/S(VI)-ylides, carboxylic acids, and alcohols: modular access to unsymmetrical α,α-O,O-substituted ketones
Authors: Wei Jiaohang , Zou Wen-Xuan , Hu Qiong , Bao Mei-Zhu , Shen Dan-Ting , Xiao Lin , Song Jia-Lin , Liu Xiang , Zhang Shang-Shi
Published: April 2024

Herein, we present a cascade O–H double insertion reaction between I(III)/S(VI)-ylides, carboxylic acids, and alcohols under metal-free conditions, enabling the modular synthesis of unsymmetrical α,α-O,O-substituted ketones.
Correction: Stereodivergent and enantioselective total syntheses of isochaetominines A–C and four pairs of isochaetominine C enantiomers: a six-step approach
Authors: Mao Zhong-Yi , Geng Hui , Zhang Tian-Tian , Ruan Yuan-Ping , Ye Jian-Liang , Huang Pei-Qiang
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Stereodivergent and enantioselective total syntheses of isochaetominines A–C and four pairs of isochaetominine C enantiomers: a six-step approach’ by Zhong-Yi Mao et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2016, 3, 24–37, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5QO00298B.
First-principles study of the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of aluminium-doped magnesium alloys
Authors: Zhu Wenjie , Ma Xingtao , Wang Yarui , Wang Chaoyong , Li Wei
Published: April 2024

The most stable MgxAly structures were obtained through two-step screening, and their mechanical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties were studied.
Correction: Effect of support on hydrogen generation over iron oxides in the chemical looping process
Authors: Gao Zhihua , Fu Fengyan , Niu Lili , Jin Min , Wang Xiaohong
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Effect of support on hydrogen generation over iron oxides in the chemical looping process’ by Zhihua Gao et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 37552–37558, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA07210B.
Surface modification of mesostructured cellular foam to enhance hydrogen storage in binary THF/H2 clathrate hydrate
Authors: Kummamuru Nithin B. , Ciocarlan Radu-George , Houlleberghs Maarten , Martens Johan , Breynaert Eric , Verbruggen Sammy W. , Cool Pegie , Perreault Patrice
Published: April 2024

Solid-state tuning of a mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) enhances hydrogen storage in clathrate hydrates. Grafting of promoter-like molecules (e.g., tetrahydrofuran) at the internal surface of the MCF improved the kinetics of formation of binary H2-THF clathrate hydrate.
Sustainable synthesis of carbon dots from Ananas Comosus as renewable biomass: nanomolar level detection of glutathione
Authors: Phull Mallika , Ali Amjad , Maity Banibrata
Published: April 2024

The adoption of green alternatives has become critically important for ensuring a sustainable environment in light of the state of our ecosystem.
Spent graphite from lithium-ion batteries: re-use and the impact of ball milling for re-use
Authors: Peng Jian , Maslek Stefanie , Sharma Neeraj
Published: April 2024

The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries over the last decade, coupled with the limited and geographically confined supply of high-quality battery-grade graphite, underscores the importance of recycling graphite from spent batteries.
Ferromagnetism above room temperature in Janus Fe2X (X = S, Se) monolayers
Authors: Han Fanjunjie , Yang Guochun
Published: April 2024

Novel ferromagnetic Janus Fe2X (X = S, Se) monolayers exhibit a high Curie temperature associated with the itinerant-electron-mediated double-exchange and RKKY interaction.