bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Birth of the Islamic Investor
Authors: Elhoudaiby Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

What is Islamic about Islamic finance? How does the industry’s Islamicity compare to the notions of trade and commerce in classical sharīʿa? In this essay, I explore the genealogy of Islamic finance by scrutinizing twentieth-century fatwās on share certificates. I argue that these fatwās gave rise to shareholding as a novel property relation, one that severs the shareholder’s non-financial interest in the company’s property. Twentieth-century muftīs unanimously accepted the legitimacy of shareholding, which, in turn, contributed to the rise of the Islamic investor: a profit-maximizing, socially-disinterested homo economicus whose ethical conduct is validated in reference to modern Islamic law. The unanimous acceptance of shareholding and the investor contributed to the consolidation of the central institutions of Islamic finance: Islamic banks and joint-stock companies. It also contributed to the thinning of Islamicity. Whereas the classical sharīʿa discourse produced partnerships as, at once, social and economic entities, fatwās on Islamic financial instruments reduce Islamicity to economic considerations and a set of maneuverable protocols.
Li Bo and the zan
Authors: Kroll Paul W.
Published: April 2022

One of the more overlooked forms of Chinese poetry is that called by the word zan 讚 or “appreciation.” Here we examine the pre-Tang use of the term in its application both to a summary prose or verse statement in historical texts as well as to a form of verse often regarded as akin to the song 頌 or “laud” but especially associated with illustrations or paintings. Discussion then proceeds to a focus on and analysis of Li Bo’s 李白 seventeen extant zan poems, nearly all of which are about or were inscribed on paintings. These poems can be divided among three categories: those on portrayed individuals, those on objects and scenes, and those on Buddhist topics. Li Bo’s zan give evidence of certain new as well as differently emphasized developments in the form.
Local Sensibility and Nostalgia: The Tanshe Poetry Society in Colonial Singapore
Authors: Lam (林立) Lap
Published: April 2022

Under the leadership of Qiu Shuyuan, the “Poet Master of the South,” a group of Singapore Chinese poets formed the Tanshe poetry society in the 1920s and published the only group collection of classical-style poetry in the colonial period. This society forged a close social bond between the resident- and sojourner-poets, who used traditional poetry to create a cultural space for themselves in overseas Chinese communities. Although they still possessed a sojourner’s mentality and often expressed their nostalgia for China or their hometowns in China, they also attempted to accept and appreciate the unique Nanyang culture and customs. By sharing their individual narratives and experiences with fellow members, they together constructed a collective memory and multiple narratives of the homeland while exchanging opinions about the host society. Through textual analysis of Tanshe group compositions, this paper proposes that localization and nostalgia, two seemingly contradictory concepts, are in fact compatible, as emotional attachments to both homeland and hostland both appear in Tanshe society writings. It thus seeks to offer an alternative viewpoint for current Sinophone studies and scholarship about overseas Chinese, holding that nostalgia could prompt Chinese immigrants to contemplate the many potentialities and possibilities of their future, their relationship with “routes and roots,” and connections between past and present. The transplantation of many of their cultural practices, of which the poetry society was a significant manifestation, also helped them create a more familiar living place in their out-of-placeness.
The Power to Blame as a Source of Leverage: International Mediation and ‘Dead Cat Diplomacy’
Authors: Siniver Asaf
Published: April 2022

This article addresses a gap in the literature on international mediation by proposing the power to blame as an additional source of mediation leverage that had been hitherto largely ignored. The power to blame is framed here as ‘dead cat diplomacy’, a term originally coined by US Secretary of State James Baker to describe his threats to lay a figurative dead cat at the doorstep of a disputant to publicly signal its intransigence and thus force its acquiescence during the Middle East negotiations following the 1991 Gulf War. Drawing on the case studies of Baker and presidents Obama and Trump, the article presents three conditions necessary for the successful leveraging of the power to blame in international mediation: it must be used as a last resort, be perceived as credible by the targeted disputant and take place at a time when the targeted disputant’s bargaining capacity is limited.
Finland’s Status-updating through the UN Human Rights Council Campaign
Authors: Tuominen Hanna
Published: April 2022

The Finnish Government practises a human rights-based foreign policy, and norm advocacy within international organisations is an integral part of this ambition. One priority was to apply for UN Human Rights Council (HRC) membership for the 2022-2024 term. This article studies the Finnish campaign from the theoretical perspective of a small state seeking to update its status through norm advocacy and UN campaigning. It claims that the HRC campaign is an important means of updating Finland’s status within its ambitious Nordic peer group. Updating a country’s status can be achieved by showing moral authority and good UN membership. It also demonstrates the challenges and opportunities set by the domestic and external situation, introducing the HRC campaign priorities, based on Finland’s country brand, and shows how these are refreshed. The article draws on foreign policy documentation, campaign materials and interviews with Finnish diplomats and public officials involved in the campaign.
The Tiwi of Melville Island, the Portuguese of Timor, and Slavery
Authors: Farram Steven
Published: April 2022

For over 180 years, it has been reported in academic and popular literature that Portuguese raiders from Timor captured and enslaved people from the Tiwi Islands in north Australia. The experience of slave-raiding is often cited as an explanation for the islanders’ fierce hostility to intruders. However, this is despite the lack of any solid evidence to support the slave-raiding claims. Additionally, if Portuguese slave-raiding of the Tiwi Islands began in the sixteenth century or at the very beginning of the seventeenth century, as is often claimed, or implied, then the generally accepted history of the European discovery of Australia is wrong. The origins of these claims, their validity, and alternative readings of the Tiwi Islands’ history are all explored in this article.
Polite Citizenship
Authors: Pribadi Yanwar
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the ways in which citizens have enhanced agency through informal and polite claims-making. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a village in West Java, this article argues that citizens tend to pressure the authorities in polite, personal, and highly informal ways to deal with state institutions and gain access to public services. Such forms of informal and polite citizenship signify a reasonably effective communal culture of consensus-formation that defines the predominantly complex character of state institutions in Indonesia. Consequently, citizens have become more capable in claiming their rights and positioning themselves vis-à-vis the authorities. These everyday practices have affected the balance of power between village authorities, informal community leaders, and citizens. By taking examples from rural West Java, this article unveils the everyday informality and the politics of politeness that may also take place in other rural areas of Indonesia and possibly the larger non-Western world.
A Mismatch between Migrant Identities and Consular Representations. Migration from East Central Europe to Latin America, 1867–1945
Authors: Szente-Varga Mónika
Published: April 2022

This article analyses transatlantic migration from multi-ethnic East Central Europe in the period 1867–1945. Since ethnic belonging and political frontiers did not coincide, official identities did not necessarily correspond to personal identities. This became more pronounced in the migratory process, for there was a clear tendency of higher proportion of minorities among those who left. As dominating nations changed in the region, so did the ethnic composition of emigrants, leading to a long-lasting mismatch between immigrants and foreign representations, such as consulates, which were supposed to protect their interests. The result was a search for alternatives, contributing to the establishment of cultural and other associations, both from below (immigrants) and from above (corresponding states).
Gomphosphenia vallei (Bacillariophyta), a new diatom species from a stream in the “Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la Vallée de Chaudefour”, Massif Central (France)
Authors: BEAUGER AUDE , ALLAIN ELISABETH , VOLDOIRE OLIVIER , BLAVIGNAC CHRISTELLE , ROSSI SOFIA , WETZEL CARLOS E. , ECTOR LUC
Published: April 2022

A new Gomphosphenia species (Bacillariophyceae) was found during a diatom survey in the “Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la Vallée de Chaudefour” (RNN VC), in the Massif Central (France). Gomphosphenia vallei sp. nov. is described from stone surfaces in Pérouse Stream, Auvergne, France. A detailed description of morphology of G. vallei is presented, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. This new small-sized species is characterized by linear-clavate to elliptical valves. Striae are uniseriate and composed of single slit-like areolae, an axial area linear and narrow and a low number of striae. Gomphosphenia vallei seems to inhabit headwater stream.
Studies on Neotropical crickets: A new Gryllotalpella species (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) from Brazilian Amazon
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , RODRÍGUEZ DIANA MARCELA TRUJILLO , QUINTANA-ARIAS RONALD FERNANDO , ARIZA JEISON EDUARDO GARCÍA
Published: April 2022

The genus Gryllotalpella is redescribed, and Gryllotalpella mendesi n. sp. is described from the Brazilian Amazon. The key to the species is also updated, and the status of the specimen identified as Gryllotalpella minor by Rehn in 1917 is clarified. Finally, a map with the distribution of the currently known species is provided, and the status of the species described in past centuries is discussed.
The Impacts of Midlevel Moisture on the Structure, Evolution, and Precipitation of Afternoon Thunderstorms: A Real-Case Modeling Study at Taipei on 14 June 2015
Authors: Miao Jyong-En , Yang Ming-Jen
Published: April 2022

A severe afternoon thunderstorm (ATS) system developed within the Taipei basin on 14 June 2015, which produced intense rainfall (with a rainfall rate of 131 mm h−1) and urban-scale flooding. A control simulation (CNTL) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with the horizontal grid size nested down to 500 m was performed to capture reasonably well the onset of the sea breeze, the merger of convective cells, and the evolution of the afternoon thunderstorm system. Four numerical sensitivity experiments with the increase or decrease of midlevel (700–500 hPa) relative humidity (RH) of 10% and 20% were conducted, and simulation results were compared with those from the CNTL. Although the response of convection to midlevel RH was somewhat nonlinear, sensitivity experiments showed that a dry layer at middle levels would result in stronger cold pool, more intense convection, stronger updraft, more graupel particles, stronger net latent heating above the melting level, and a much larger area of the potential flooding region [>40 mm (30 min)−1]. The estimation of bulk entrainment rate provided evidence that the entrainment rate could be reduced by stronger cold pool and the widening of moist convection area. Three terrain-removal sensitivity experiments indicated that Taipei basin modulated the response of convection intensity to midlevel RH. The basin terrain confined the outflow associated with ATS and forced it to converge with the moist sea breeze continuously, providing a favorable dynamic and thermodynamic environment for subsequent convection development. This “basin confinement effect” may be crucial for short-duration rainfall extremes over complex terrain.

Significance Statement

This study has examined the impact of midlevel moisture on the structure, evolution, and precipitation of an afternoon thunderstorm system that produced intense rainfall at Taipei using eight numerical experiments based on high-resolution model outputs. Our findings explain how a drier layer at middle levels would produce a more intense thunderstorm system, although the response of convection intensity to midlevel moisture is somewhat nonlinear. In addition, it is found that terrain could modulate the response of convection to midlevel moisture, which is rarely discussed in previous studies.
Approximate and Exact Optimal Designs for Paired Comparison Experiments
Authors: Nyarko Eric , Doku-Amponsah Kwabena
Published: April 2022

In this article, the problem of finding optimal paired comparison approximate and exact designs for the identification of main effects and two and three and four attribute interactions, when the alternatives are characterized by either full profiles or partial profiles, is considered. The resulting designs are also optimal under the indifference assumption of equal choice probabilities for a multinomial logit model when the choice sets are pairs.

AMS subject classification: 62K05, 62J15, 62K15
Individual value orientation, social norms, and volunteering outcomes in later life
Authors: Lakomý Martin
Published: April 2022

A growing body of scholarship examines the social and personal benefits of volunteering across the life course. However, less is known about how this experience of volunteering varies across different national contexts and how the impact of volunteering is shaped by micro- and macro-conditions. This article utilizes a cross-national multilevel regression analysis of European Values Survey data to explore the benefits of volunteering for two distinct sets of aging populations in the EU: those identified as “materialists” and “postmaterialists.” It finds that a positive association between volunteering and one key indicator of quality of life (“control over life”) generally exists for postmaterialists, while it is more positive in countries with stronger familial norms among materialists. Hence, the role of volunteering in later life is not as uniform as suggested by the active aging approach.
Pro-Girl Attitudes and Childhood Stunting in India
Authors: Ahmed Tanima
Published: April 2022

In this paper, I examine the relationship between three distinct attitudes of mothers (pro-boy, egalitarian, and pro-girl) and stunting among boys and girls of age 0–14 years in India using the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2004–2005. Probit model estimates suggest that mothers’ pro-girl attitudes are associated with less likelihood of observing stunting among girls and boys. Additional analysis by wealth categories shows that stunting among girls reduces when they have mothers with pro-girl attitudes and live in wealthy households. Robustness tests conducted with “severely stunted” as the dependent variable confirm the findings.
The feedback stabilization of finite-state fuzzy cognitive maps
Authors: Xiaojie Wang , Chao Luo , Chen Lv
Published: April 2022

Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are a kind of cognitive model for knowledge representation and causal inference. Meanwhile, as fuzzy dynamical systems, FCMs have also been widely applied in the control-related fields, such as mobile robots, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and industrial controls. However, the existing works mainly focused on the practical applications but lacked the necessary theoretical discussions related to the FCM-based control mechanism. As is known, stabilization is one of the fundamental issues in the control fields. Till date, rigorous research on the stabilization of FCMs is still an issue to be studied. In this article, using state feedback control method, the global stabilizations of finite-state FCMs are investigated. First, utilizing the semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices, the algebraic expression of FCM can be derived. Some theorems ensure the sufficient condition for the existence of the state feedback controller of the global stabilization. Second, the constructive design processes of state feedback controllers are discussed in detail. Third, the global stabilization is further extended into partial stabilization, where only specific concepts of FCMs can be stabilized. The corresponding theoretical analysis is implemented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by several examples.
Factors Associated With a Prolonged Diagnosis‐to‐Treatment Interval in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shaikh Noah , Morrow Vincent , Stokes Cara , Chung Jeffson , Fancy Tanya , Turner Meghan T. , Stokes William A.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Evaluate factors associated with treatment delays and their effect on survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National Cancer Database.

Methods

Patients receiving primary radiation or surgery for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were included from 2004 to 2017. The primary outcomes were the diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval (DTI) and 5‐year survival. Variables of prolonged DTI (>30 days) were assessed via logistic regression models. Survival was then assessed through Cox proportional hazards models. Candidate variables for both outcomes included age, sex, race, ethnicity, distance to treatment facility, insurance coverage, treatment facility type, TNM T stage, nodal status, and DTI (in models estimating survival).

Results

An overall 136,203 patients with laryngeal cancer were identified, from which 51,747 remained after exclusions were applied: 18,499 received primary surgery and 33,248 received primary radiation. Being a member of a racial or ethnic minority, advanced age, female sex, ≥30 miles from treatment facility, lack of insurance, treatment at an academic cancer center, and primary radiation were associated with a prolonged DTI. However, in spite of a faster DTI, treatment at a community cancer center was independently associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio, 1.2; P <. 0001).

Conclusions

Despite being associated with prolonged DTI, receiving treatment at a high‐volume academic facility was associated with significantly improved survival. Our results indicate that improved referral pathways or outreach may help improve survival in laryngeal cancer, especially in high‐risk populations.
Reimbursement Trends in Pediatric Otolaryngology From 2000 to 2020: A CMS Physician Fee Schedule Analysis
Authors: Yaffe Noah M. , Quereshy Humzah A. , Quinton Brooke A. , Otteson Todd D. , Shah Jay R.
Published: April 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the financial trends in Medicare reimbursement rates for the most billed procedures at a single institution from 2000 to 2020 within pediatric otolaryngology.

Study Design

Retrospective data analysis.

Setting

United States.

Methods

The most billed surgical and in‐office procedures in pediatric otolaryngology at our institution were identified in the Physician Fee Schedule Look‐up Tool from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to extract reimbursement data for each CPT code (Current Procedural Terminology). Monetary data were adjusted for inflation to 2020 US dollars per the changes to the consumer price index. Mean annual and total percentage changes in reimbursement were calculated by the adjusted values for all included procedures (N = 25).

Results

From 2000 to 2020, without adjusting for inflation, reimbursement for the most billed procedures increased by 10.9%, while the allocated relative value unit per procedure increased by 15.4%. However, when adjusted for inflation, reimbursement for these procedures decreased by 27.5% over the study period.

Conclusions

The study findings identify a downward trend in reimbursement for the most billed procedures in pediatric otolaryngology at our institution. Given the low predominance of pediatric otolaryngology codes within Medicare reimbursement, these codes are rarely reviewed for accurate revaluation. It is imperative that our professional society remain active and engaged within this process to ensure quality delivery of care to our patients.
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet among athletes participating at the XXX summer universiade
Authors: Calella Patrizia , Gallè Francesca , Cerullo Giuseppe , Postiglione Nunzia , Ricchiuti Roberta , Liguori Giorgio , D’Angelo Stefania , Valerio Giuliana
Published: April 2022

Background: A well-balanced diet is essential in sport. Due to its typical content in high-quality proteins, low glycemic index foods, and unsaturated fats, Mediterranean Diet (MD) may represent a good choice to cover nutritional needs of athletes. The aim of this study was to explore how the dietary habits of elite athletes, such as those competing at the XXX Summer Universiade, comply with the MD model. A comparison between athletes coming from the Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries was also assessed. Methods: The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire was administered to a sample of 433 university student athletes from all over of the world to evaluate the level of adherence to the MD pattern and possible differences between geographical areas. Results: The total sample showed a medium adherence to the MD, with a mean MDSS of 15.73 ± 3.71 out of a total of 23 points. A satisfactory consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported. Athletes from Northern European countries had a lower MD pattern adherence than the other ones. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the MD model is common among elite athletes, and it may be promoted as a healthy dietary pattern in the sport setting.
Unilateral sternoclavicular arthritis: inflammatory arthritis or septic arthritis, that is the question – a case report
Authors: Chang Min Cheol , Boudier-Revéret Mathieu
Published: April 2022

Sternoclavicular (SC) joint inflammatory arthritis and septic arthritis can have very similar presentations and can be indistinguishable if a joint fluid aspiration sample cannot be obtained. Septic arthritis of the SC joint accounts for less than 1% of all joint infections. Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the clinical history combined with elevated infection markers in the blood, specific imaging findings, and most importantly, a positive joint aspiration bacterial culture. To make a diagnosis of SC joint septic arthritis, a high index of suspicion is generally necessary. We herein present the case of a previously healthy 52-year-old man with a 10-day history of left SC pain who improved transiently with anti-inflammatory oral medication; however, the pain subsequently increased over the next 10 days. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the left SC area revealed fluid in the joint with an abscess adjacent to the joint, which was aspirated, and the sample yielded a positive Streptococcus agalactiae culture. Septic arthritis of the left SC joint was diagnosed, and the patient was treated surgically. This case highlights the initial challenges of distinguishing inflammatory from septic arthritis in joints in which a sample for bacterial culture cannot be easily obtained.
Caring for robots: How care comes to matter in human-machine interfacing
Authors: Lipp Benjamin
Published: April 2022

Care robots promise to assist older people in an ageing society. This article investigates the socio-material conditions of care with robots by focusing on the usually invisible practices of human-machine interfacing. I define human-machine interfacing as the activities by roboticists and others to render interaction between robots and people possible in the first place. This includes, efforts to render prototypical arrangements of care ‘robot-friendly’. In my video-assisted ethnography of human-robot interaction (HRI) experiments. I identify four types of interfacing practices, where care comes to matter: integrating the ephemeral entity that is ‘a robot’, helping it by way of mundane courtesies, making users ‘fit’ for interacting with it, and establishing corridors of interaction between the robot and people’s bodies. I show that robots do not so much care for (older) people but rather, the other way around – people need to care for robots. Hence, care robots are not simply agents of care but also objects of care, rendering necessary a symmetrical analysis of human-machine interfacing. Furthermore, these practices do not merely reflect the prototypical state of the art in robotics. Rather, they indicate a more general mode of how robots and people interface. I argue that care with robots requires us to re-consider the exclusive focus on the human and at least complement it with care for the non-human and, incidentally, the robotic, too.
Clinical Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Rotations During COVID-19: Evaluation of a Transition to Virtual Learning
Authors: May Casey C. , Atyia Sara A. , Hafford Amanda J. , Smetana Keaton S.
Published: April 2022

Background

All Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) pharmacy rotations at a large academic medical center were converted to virtual experiences during the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to describe information obtained through pre- and post-rotation surveys, implemented to improve experiences for future students who may be required to complete virtual APPE pharmacy rotations. Methods: A single-center, descriptive study was conducted at a 1382-bed academic medical center. A pre- and post-rotation survey was sent to 32 students, and a post-rotation survey was sent to 38 preceptors via email to assess newly implemented virtual rotations. Results: Students’ response rate for pre- and post-rotation surveys was 59% and 41%, respectively, and the preceptors’ response rate for the post-rotation survey was 37%. A statistically significant improvement in videoconferencing abilities after the rotation was found for students but no differences in other skills were noted. In the post-rotation survey, students rated all of the following areas as being “effective”: rotation as a whole, virtual topic and patient discussions; but were “neutral” regarding the utility of the introductory training guide. In the post-rotation survey, preceptors rated all of the following areas as being “effective”: rotation as a whole, virtual topic and patient discussions. Conclusion: Abrupt shifts to virtual pharmacy clinical rotations due to COVID-19 have led to many challenges. Both students and preceptors felt that virtual rotations were an effective alternative to in-person experiences; however, further studies are warranted to evaluate actual performance compared to perceived effectiveness.
From fanzines to foodbanks: Football fan activism in the age of anti-politics
Authors: Fitzpatrick Danny , Hoey Paddy
Published: April 2022

This article is concerned with an emerging trend in political participation: the role played by football fans in engendering activism and protest. The role of fan activism in the debate on patterns of civic and political (dis)engagement – in the age of so-called anti-politics – has been ignored by the scholarly literature thus far. As a corrective, this article examines the development of football fan activism over the last thirty years, since the creation of the English Premier League in 1992. It adopts a case study approach centred on supporters’ movements since 1992. It argues that the political activism of football fans has both quantitatively and qualitatively changed over this period. Employing the sociological theory of Manuel Castells it claims that collective identities developed in resistance to the commercialisation and commodification within football have developed into more distinct ‘project identities’ that seek bring about more profound social change through football.
Examining the Association Between Fatherhood Attitudes and Parental Warmth among Incarcerated Fathers
Authors: Tadros Eman , Tor Shaelise
Published: April 2022

The number of incarcerated individuals has skyrocketed over the last thirty years. The majority of incarcerated individuals are racially minoritized individuals and many are also parents. Seventy percent of incarcerated fathers were raised in households without the presence of a father and, thus, struggle with building close relationships and maintaining family ties. More research is needed to further explore factors that influence incarcerated fathers’ familial relationships. Data were utilized from the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting and Partnering to answer: Do incarcerated fathers parenting attitudes predict parental warmth? Results indicated that the father’s emotional health and fatherhood attitude related to decision-making involvement was positively associated with parental warmth. Results can be used to inform clinical practice and future research in reference to incarcerated fathers and their relationships with their child(ren). Clinical implications and future directions are provided to advocate for family services as well as to better serve this population.
Prediction of bone microstructures degradation during osteoporosis with fuzzy cellular automata algorithm
Authors: Shahmohammadi Armin , Famouri Seyedfarzad , Hosseini Seyedmohammadreza , Farahani Maryam Mazraehei , Baghani Mostafa , George Daniel , Baniassadi Majid
Published: April 2022

A novel fuzzy cellular automata is proposed to simulate bone degradation during osteoporosis. The initial three-dimensional (3D) bone microstructure is obtained from computed tomography (CT) images. Cellular automata algorithm is implemented to the 3D lattice and a Sugeno Fuzzy inference system is designed with nine sets of fuzzy rules to simulate the degradation process. A distance vector parameter is defined to describe the number of neighborhood cells that each cell can have a connection with. It is shown that by increasing the value of this distance vector, the results converge toward a quasi-constant degraded microstructure. The obtained microstructure is considered to be the final result and compared to prediction of bone degradation of the literature based on phase exchange calculated from mechanical strain energy. It is shown that the fuzzy cellular automata model predicts a more realistic bone degradation and microstructure distribution than the phase exchange method while having a model significantly simpler.
Impact of risk factor control on peripheral artery disease outcomes and health disparities
Authors: Pohlman F Will , Ford Cassie B , Weissler E Hope , Smerek Michelle M , Hardy N Chantelle , Narcisse Dennis I , Lippmann Steven J , Greiner Melissa A , Long Chandler , Rymer Jennifer A , Gutierrez J Antonio , Patel Manesh R , Jones W Schuyler
Published: April 2022

Background

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with modifiable atherosclerotic risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. However, the effect of risk factor control on outcomes and disparities in achieving control is less well understood.

Methods

All patients in an integrated, regional health system with PAD-related encounters, fee-for-service Medicare, and clinical risk factor control data were identified. Component risk factors were dichotomized into controlled and uncontrolled categories (control defined as low-density lipoprotein < 100 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c < 7.0%, SBP < 140 mmHg, and current nonsmoker) and composite categories (none, 1, ⩾ 2 uncontrolled RFs) created. The primary outcome was major adverse vascular events (MAVE, a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and lower-extremity revascularization and amputation).

Results

The cohort included 781 patients with PAD, average age 72.5 ± 9.8 years, of whom 30.1% were Black, and 19.1% were Medicaid dual-enrolled. In this cohort, 260 (33.3%) had no uncontrolled risk factors and 200 (25.6%) had two or more uncontrolled risk factors. Patients with the poorest risk factor control were more likely to be Black ( p < 0.001), Medicaid dual-enrolled ( p < 0.001), and have chronic limb-threatening ischemia ( p = 0.009). Significant differences in MAVE by degree of risk factor control were observed at 30 days (none uncontrolled: 5.8%, 1 uncontrolled: 11.5%, ⩾ 2 uncontrolled: 13.6%; p = 0.01) but not at 1 year ( p = 0.08). risk factor control was not associated with outcomes at 1 year after adjustment for patient and PAD-specific characteristics.

Conclusions

risk factor control is poor among patients with PAD. Significant disparities in achieving optimal risk factor control represent a potential target for reducing inequities in outcomes.
How are tourism businesses adapting to COVID-19? Perspectives from the fright tourism industry
Authors: Weidmann Susan , Filep Sebastian , Lovelock Brent
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted the global tourism industry, effecting the livelihoods of millions of tourism workers and disrupting host communities. Current research in tourism management has focused on understanding the economic, social and political impacts of the pandemic. This professional perspective aims to examine operational adaptations that businesses in the fright tourism industry have adopted under the COVID-19 pandemic circumstances. The study collated industry association press releases, undertaking content analysis to examine the changes businesses employed to adapt during the pandemic. Findings suggest that businesses made a variety of operational changes, such as changing queueing, diversification of props and changes to make-up hygiene, allowing these businesses to survive pandemic imperatives.
School and democratic hope: The school as a space for civic literacy
Authors: Wahlström Ninni
Published: April 2022

In this article, the central question is how the relationship between democracy and education can be understood in terms of civic literacy. By taking as a point of departure John Dewey’s basic understanding of democracy in terms of communication and experience, which also forms the basis for the pragmatist knowledge concept of transactional realism, this study explores transactional realism in relation to how this concept of knowledge can promote a democratic stance in the teaching of different school subjects. Thus, the focus is on how a democratic stance is an important part in the selection of teaching content and teaching activities in the classroom in a time when democracy is challenged from different angles. The concept of civic literacy is here understood as developing knowledge about the world, learning to act responsibly in the world and realising oneself in the world. Civic literacy is both about knowledge of facts and events and about a classroom discourse opening for responsible and reflective conversations outwards from the subject, towards the social and physical environment.
The Perceptions and Lived Experiences of African-American Pastors at the Onslaught of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mississippi
Authors: Funchess Tanya , Hayes Traci , Lowe Samaria , Mayfield-Johnson Susan , Baskin LaWanda
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore perceptions and lived experiences of African-American pastors addressing the onslaught of COVID-19 with their congregation. Thirty-seven pastors representing various denominations from across Mississippi participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. From the data, five themes emerged including (1) Pastors’ relentlessness, (2) Pastors’ adoption of new technology, (3) Maximized social capital, (4) Unintended consequences resulting from COVID-19, and (5) Unintended benefits resulting from COVID-19.
User experience and acceptance of patients and healthy adults testing a personalized self-management app for depression: A non-randomized mixed-methods feasibility study
Authors: Mayer Gwendolyn , Hummel Svenja , Oetjen Neele , Gronewold Nadine , Bubolz Stefan , Blankenhagel Kim , Slawik Mathias , Zarnekow Rüdiger , Hilbel Thomas , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik
Published: April 2022

Objective

Previous studies have shown positive treatment outcomes of e-mental health applications targeting depression. However, few applications provide personalized features. The aim of the present study is to ask for the user experience and acceptance of patients with depression and healthy adults, who tested the self-management app Self-administered Psycho Therapy SystemS over a period of 5 days. The results serve as a source for evidence-based recommendations for developers and clinicians.

Methods

A total of 110 participants (41 patients and 69 healthy controls) tested the app Self-administered Psycho Therapy SystemS over a period of 5 days and completed evaluation sheets developed for the purpose of this study. Quantitative measures were asked with 5-point Likert-scaled items (range: −2 to + 2) for the perceived quality of the programme and its components, its practicality (both referred to as user experience) and its acceptance. Student’s t-tests and Pearson correlations were calculated for group comparisons and associations, respectively. Open text fields were analysed by applying a qualitative structuring content analysis.

Results

The perceived quality of the total programme was rated with M = 0.96 (SD = 0.82), the practicality was M = 0.84 (SD = 0.08) and the acceptance was M = 0.25 (SD = 1.04). Patients rated perceived quality of the total programme and acceptance higher than healthy adults, while there was no difference in practicality. Acceptance was associated with increased depression scores (r = 0.33, p = .01), higher scores of perceived quality of the total programme (r = 0.48, p< .001) and of practicality (r = 0.45, p < .001). Feedback of both groups regarding usability, therapeutic content and personalization revealed a strong wish for guidance and insights into mood progress, opportunities for choice of interventions and features of customization for individualized treatment.

Conclusions

Patients with depression accepted the app Self-administered Psycho Therapy SystemS more than healthy adults and gave higher ratings in quality. User experience of all users shows a need for features of guidance, choice and personalization that clinicians and developers of future apps should pay attention to.
A socio-economic multi-objective optimization approach toward enhancing public–private partnerships’ concession agreements in infrastructure development
Authors: Alghamdi Faisal , Tatari Omer , Alghamdi Leena
Published: April 2022

The participants of the public–private partnership projects have different parts in developing the concessions, hence different perspectives and goals. Besides, the public–private partnership concession agreement has many parameters and components, and a change in one component will have a considerable impact on other components. Thus, determining the optimal value for different concession parameters by providing a series of feasible contribution options was investigated in this paper using two different multi-objective optimization models: genetic algorithm and Thompson sampling. Two case studies (the US I-495 and the I-4 Ultimate) were used to construct and validate the results of the model. The model results showed that the socio-economic sustainability performance increases as the private equity increases and the public equity decreases. The results also showed that the socio-economic sustainability performance increases as the concession price (user-fee) decreases. Having these contribution options could facilitate the decision-making process for both the public and private parties. The genetic algorithm model obtained faster optimization results when compared to the Thompson sampling model; however, the Thompson sampling obtained better results. Moreover, the use of the model could improve the socio-economic sustainability performance of the public–private partnership projects.
Quadrangular Space Decompression
Authors: Meyer Lucy E. , Blevins Kier M. , Long Jason S. , Lau Brian C.
Published: April 2022

Background:

The quadrangular (or quadrilateral) space is defined by its anatomical borders and is the passageway for the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA). Quadrangular space syndrome (QSS) can present due to various compressive pathologies but is commonly seen in overhead athletes. Quadrangular space syndrome can present with neurogenic symptoms including pain and paresthesias, as well as vascular complications from compression of the PCHA including thrombosis, aneurysm formation, and distal emboli.

Indications:

Surgical decompression of the quadrangular space is indicated for severe neurogenic or vascular compromise in the case of QSS refractory to nonoperative treatment.

Technique Description:

After appropriate preoperative physical examination findings and trial of nonoperative treatment, including physical therapy and injections, surgical decompression was indicated. The posterior border of the deltoid was marked, and an incision centered over the posterior border of the deltoid lateral to the axillary fold was made. Posterior border of deltoid was identified and retracted, revealing the interval of the teres minor and major. The nerve to the teres minor was identified, protected, and fibrous bands compressing the nerve were released. The nerve to the teres minor was tracked deep to find the axillary nerve. This was identified and fibrous bands around the nerve were decompressed. The circumflex vessels were protected throughout. Following decompression of the nerves, there was free movement of the nerves indicating adequate surgical decompression.

Results:

Adequate surgical decompression of the axillary nerve and PCHA achieved with resolution of neurogenic symptoms of pain and paresthesias at first postoperative visit.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Quadrangular space syndrome is a rare disorder, can be difficult to diagnose, and is the cause of significant morbidity, particularly in overhead athletes. If symptoms persist after nonoperative treatment, operative decompression of the quadrangular space may be indicated. Adequate surgical decompression results in relief of neurogenic and vascular symptoms.
Project-Based Organizations’ Pursuit of Production Efficiency and Legitimate Power: An Institutional Perspective
Authors: Wang Rui , Lu Wenxue , Wei Yuxin
Published: April 2022

Drawing on institutional theory, this article aims to investigate how owners’ project-based organizations (PBOs) can promote production efficiency and legitimate power under the influence of legal enforceability. Analyzing a sample of Chinese construction projects, we find that PBOs can achieve this goal by designing more complex contracts when legal enforceability increases. The PBOs’ expertise reduces the effect of legal enforceability on contracts and alleviates their dependence on contracts when pursuing efficiency. These results can guide PBOs to design contracts according to their expertise and the legal environment to promote production efficiency and legitimate power.
TP53 copy number and protein expression inform mutation status across risk categories in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tashakori Mehrnoosh , Kadia Tapan , Loghavi Sanam , Daver Naval , Kanagal-Shamanna Rashmi , Pierce Sherry , Sui Dawen , Wei Peng , Khodakarami Farnoosh , Tang Zhenya , Routbort Mark , Bivins Carol A. , Jabbour Elias J. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Bhalla Kapil , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Ravandi Farhad , Khoury Joseph D.
Published: April 2022

Mutant TP53 is an adverse risk factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but large-scale integrated genomic-proteomic analyses of TP53 alterations in patients with AML remain limited. We analyzed TP53 mutational status, copy number (CN), and protein expression data in AML (N = 528) and provide a compilation of mutation sites and types across disease subgroups among treated and untreated patients. Our analysis shows differential hotspots in subsets of AML and uncovers novel pathogenic variants involving TP53 splice sites. In addition, we identified TP53 CN loss in 70.2% of TP53-mutated AML cases, which have more deleterious TP53 mutations, as well as copy neutral loss of heterozygosity in 5/32 (15.6%) AML patients who had intact TP53 CN. Importantly, we demonstrate that mutant p53 protein expression patterns by immunohistochemistry evaluated using digital image-assisted analysis provide a robust readout that integrates TP53 mutation and allelic states in patients with AML. Expression of p53 by immunohistochemistry informed mutation status irrespective of TP53 CN status. Genomic analysis of comutations in TP53-mutant AML shows a muted landscape encompassing primarily mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation (DNMT3A and TET2), RAS/MAPK signaling (NF1, KRAS/NRAS, PTPN11), and RNA splicing (SRSF2). In summary, our data provide a rationale to refine risk stratification of patients with AML on the basis of integrated molecular and protein-level TP53 analyses.
Genome-wide identification and expression of SAUR gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and functional identification of AhSAUR3 in drought tolerance
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Xiao Lina , Chi Jingxian , Li Rongchong , Han Yan , Cui Feng , Peng Zhenying , Wan Shubo , Li Guowei
Published: April 2022

Background

Small auxin-upregulated RNAs (SAURs) gene family plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the function of few SAUR genes is known in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), one of the world’s major food legume crops. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive identification of the SAUR gene family from the peanut genome.

Results

The genome-wide analysis revealed that a total of 162 SAUR genes were identified in the peanut genome. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SAUR proteins were classified into eight subfamilies. The SAUR gene family experienced a remarkable expansion after tetraploidization, which contributed to the tandem duplication events first occurring in subgenome A and then segmental duplication events occurring between A and B subgenomes. The expression profiles based on transcriptomic data showed that SAUR genes were dominantly expressed in the leaves, pistils, perianth, and peg tips, and were widely involved in tolerance against abiotic stresses. A total of 18 AhSAUR genes selected from different subfamilies randomly presented 4 major expression patterns according to their expression characteristics in response to indole-3-acetic acid. The members from the same subfamily showed a similar expression pattern. Furthermore, the functional analysis revealed that AhSAUR3 played a negative role in response to drought tolerance.

Conclusions

This study provided insights into the evolution and function of the SAUR gene family and may serve as a resource for further functional research on AhSAUR genes.