bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric brain tumors: genetics and clinical outcome
Authors: Faria Claudia , Miguéns José , Antunes João Lobo , Salgado Duarte , Nunes Sofia , Barroso Cândida , Martins Maria do Carmo , Nunes Vasco Moura , Roque Lúcia
Published: March 2010

Object

In this paper the authors' goal was to investigate the genetic characteristics of primary brain tumors in children and determine their influence on clinical outcome.

Methods

The authors performed high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization studies in 14 low-grade and 12 high-grade brain neoplasms in 26 children who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2007.

Results

Complex comparative genomic hybridization alterations were observed in 2 (14.3%) of the 14 lowgrade lesions and in 8 (66.6%) of the 12 high-grade lesions. High-level amplifications of DNA were detected in 3 cases, namely in a desmoplastic medulloblastoma where a c-Myc amplification was found. Gains of 1q were detected in 2 low-grade and 6 high-grade lesions that were classified as ependymomas, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas, and gangliogliomas. When the authors correlated genetics with outcome, they noted that among the low-grade neoplasms only the 2 patients who presented with complex comparative genomic hybridization alterations had to undergo reoperation because of recurrent disease. The patient with c-Myc amplification died of progressive disease. Gains of 1q were only observed in tumor cases with progressive disease.

Conclusions

Complex genetic alterations are indicative of a less favorable outcome in low-grade tumors. In these cases, closer follow-up should be pursued. The authors corroborate that c-Myc amplification is a marker of poor prognosis in medulloblastomas. In this study, they were able to verify that a 1q gain correlates with a poor clinical outcome, independent of tumor grade and histological type. The authors propose that it may be considered a common marker of poor prognosis in these neoplasms.
Spondylolisthesis following a pedicle subtraction osteotomy
Authors: Upadhyaya Cheerag D. , Berven Sigurd , Mummaneni Praveen V.
Published: March 2010

Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a powerful technique for correcting a fixed sagittal plane deformity. The authors report the case of a 51-year-old man with a history of multiple prior lumbar operations, flat-back syndrome, thoracic kyphosis, and radiculopathy, who underwent deformity correction surgery with T3–S1 pedicle screw fixation and L-3 PSO. Progressive spondylolisthesis of the PSO segment associated with rod fracture then developed. The patient subsequently underwent anterior and posterior revision surgery. This case is a rare instance of spondylolisthesis following PSO.
Adult degenerative scoliosis: evaluation and management
Authors: Silva Fernando E. , Lenke Lawrence G.
Published: March 2010

Degenerative scoliosis is a prevalent issue among the aging population. Controversy remains over the role of surgical intervention in patients with this disease. The authors discuss a suitable approach to help guide surgical treatment, including decompression, instrumented posterior spinal fusion, anterior spinal fusion, and osteotomy. These treatment options are based on clinical analysis, radiographic analysis of the mechanical stability of the deformity, given pain generators, and necessary sagittal balance. The high potential complication rates appear to be outweighed by the eventual successful clinical outcomes in patients suitable for operative intervention. This approach has had favorable outcomes and could help resolve the controversy.
Outcomes after surgery for cervical spine deformity: review of the literature
Authors: Etame Arnold B. , Wang Anthony C. , Than Khoi D. , La Marca Frank , Park Paul
Published: March 2010

Object

Symptomatic cervical kyphosis can result from a variety of causes. Symptoms can include pain, neurological deficits, and functional limitation due to loss of horizontal gaze.

Methods

The authors review the long-term functional and radiographic outcomes following surgery for symptomatic cervical kyphosis by performing a PubMed database literature search.

Results

Fourteen retrospective studies involving a total of 399 patients were identified. Surgical intervention included ventral, dorsal, or circumferential approaches. Analysis of the degree of deformity correction and functional parameters demonstrated significant postsurgical improvement. Overall, patient satisfaction appeared high. Five studies reported mortality with rates ranging from 3.1 to 6.7%. Major medical complications after surgery were reported in 5 studies with rates ranging from 3.1 to 44.4%. The overall neurological complication rate was 13.5%.

Conclusions

Although complications are not insignificant, surgery appears to be an effective option when conservative measures fail to provide relief.
Tendencies of Inner Surveillance in Democratic India: Challenges of Establishing Native Ethnographer’s Identity Among Indian Muslims
Authors: Khan Tabassum “Ruhi”
Published: March 2010

The paper analyzes how the native ethnographer’s position within his/her community becomes problematized during fieldwork conditions defined by fear of state surveillance forces. It focuses on the way state’s vigilance activities create new barriers for establishing of native ethnographer’s authority by challenging the ethnographer’s privileged access to his/her research community based on trust and cultural/religious affiliations. The apprehensions for personal safety experienced by the informants unsettle the distinctions between native and non-native ethnography. The paper argues that if anthropology is to progress as a meaningful social and cultural critique then it must elaborate the ethnographer’s experiences of navigating the shifting grounds as insider and outsider. It proposes a “thick description” of the way reticence and distrust of the informants is overcome. The aim is to create scholarship that counters political and social injustices by making explicit voids and gaps and by gleaning a wealth of information in silences.
Fuhrman, G. Rehabilitating Information. Entropy, 2010, 12, 164-196
Authors: Fuhrman Gary
Published: March 2010

The author would like to change the phrase “the financial ‘meltdown’ of 1908” into “the financial ‘meltdown’ of 2008” on page 190 of the article. [...]
Managing Phenol Contents in Crop Plants by Phytochemical Farming and Breeding—Visions and Constraints
Authors: Treutter Dieter
Published: March 2010

Two main fields of interest form the background of actual demand for optimized levels of phenolic compounds in crop plants. These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. A survey of agricultural technologies influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in crop plants is presented, including observations on the effects of light, temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, elevated atmospheric CO2, growth and differentiation of the plant and application of elicitors, stimulating agents and plant activators. The underlying mechanisms are discussed with respect to carbohydrate availability, trade-offs to competing demands as well as to regulatory elements. Outlines are given for genetic engineering and plant breeding. Constraints and possible physiological feedbacks are considered for successful and sustainable application of agricultural techniques with respect to management of plant phenol profiles and concentrations.
Degradation of Methyldopa by Banana
Authors: Uesawa Yoshihiro , Mohri Kiminori
Published: March 2010

Methyldopa, an antihypertensive, is a very close analogue of DOPA. Drug interaction accompanied by degradation in a banana juice mixture was reported for DOPA. However, the effect of banana on methyldopa has not been reported. Therefore, we have investigated the impact of banana juice on methyldopa. The drug and supernatant of banana pulp were mixed, and the mixture was observed for changes in color, drug concentration, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra at 30 °C. The originally clear and colorless mixture started to acquire a yellow coloration after about 30 seconds after the mixing. The color tone increasingly deepened, then blistered solid particles that do not dissolve were observed after 3 hours. Concentration of methyldopa in the mixture decreased by 60% after 5 min, to 0.5% after 30 min of the mixing. From these findings, it was suggested that the drastic alterations were caused by banana polyphenol oxidase that plays a role in the biosynthesis of melanin pigment from levodopa in banana pulp. Because the degradation of methyldopa occurs extremely fast, it was suggested concomitant use of this anti-hypertensive and banana juice consumption should be avoided in clinical practice.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Antiviral Drug Development
Authors: Delcroix Melaine , Riley Lee W.
Published: March 2010

Viral diseases affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and the few available drugs to treat these diseases often come with limitations. The key obstacle to the development of new antiviral agents is their delivery into infected cells in vivo. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that can cross the cellular lipid bilayer with the remarkable capability to shuttle conjugated cargoes into cells. CPPs have been successfully utilized to enhance the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of antiviral molecules, and thereby increase the inhibitory activity of potential antiviral proteins and oligonucleotide analogues, both in cultured cells and in animal models. This review will address the notable findings of these studies, highlighting some promising results and discussing the challenges CPP technology has to overcome for further clinical applications.
Concurrent Initialization for Bearing-Only SLAM
Authors: Munguía Rodrigo , Grau Antoni
Published: March 2010

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is perhaps the most fundamental problem to solve in robotics in order to build truly autonomous mobile robots. The sensors have a large impact on the algorithm used for SLAM. Early SLAM approaches focused on the use of range sensors as sonar rings or lasers. However, cameras have become more and more used, because they yield a lot of information and are well adapted for embedded systems: they are light, cheap and power saving. Unlike range sensors which provide range and angular information, a camera is a projective sensor which measures the bearing of images features. Therefore depth information (range) cannot be obtained in a single step. This fact has propitiated the emergence of a new family of SLAM algorithms: the Bearing-Only SLAM methods, which mainly rely in especial techniques for features system-initialization in order to enable the use of bearing sensors (as cameras) in SLAM systems. In this work a novel and robust method, called Concurrent Initialization, is presented which is inspired by having the complementary advantages of the Undelayed and Delayed methods that represent the most common approaches for addressing the problem. The key is to use concurrently two kinds of feature representations for both undelayed and delayed stages of the estimation. The simulations results show that the proposed method surpasses the performance of previous schemes.
Geometric Stability and Lens Decentering in Compact Digital Cameras
Authors: Sanz-Ablanedo Enoc , Rodríguez-Pérez José Ramón , Armesto Julia , Taboada María Flor Álvarez
Published: March 2010

A study on the geometric stability and decentering present in sensor-lens systems of six identical compact digital cameras has been conducted. With regard to geometrical stability, the variation of internal geometry parameters (principal distance, principal point position and distortion parameters) was considered. With regard to lens decentering, the amount of radial and tangential displacement resulting from decentering distortion was related with the precision of the camera and with the offset of the principal point from the geometric center of the sensor. The study was conducted with data obtained after 372 calibration processes (62 per camera). The tests were performed for each camera in three situations: during continuous use of the cameras, after camera power off/on and after the full extension and retraction of the zoom-lens. Additionally, 360 new calibrations were performed in order to study the variation of the internal geometry when the camera is rotated. The aim of this study was to relate the level of stability and decentering in a camera with the precision and quality that can be obtained. An additional goal was to provide practical recommendations about photogrammetric use of such cameras.
Synthesis of lipophilic 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin derivatives as D-galactosidase inhibitors
Authors: Schitter Georg , Scheucher Elisabeth , Steiner Andreas J , Stütz Arnold E , Thonhofer Martin , Tarling Chris A , Withers Stephen G , Wicki Jacqueline , Fantur Katrin , Paschke Eduard , Mahuran Don J , Rigat Brigitte A , Tropak Michael , Wrodnigg Tanja M
Published: March 2010

N-Alkylation at the ring nitrogen of the D-galactosidase inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin with a functionalised C6 alkyl chain followed by modification with different aromatic substituents provided lipophilic 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin derivatives which exhibit inhibitory properties against β-glycosidases from E. coli and Agrobacterium sp. as well as green coffee bean α-galactosidase. In preliminary studies, these compounds also showed potential as chemical chaperones for GM1-gangliosidosis related β-galactosidase mutants.
The Making of Britain's First Urban Landscapes: The Case of Late Iron Age and Roman Essex
Authors: Pitts Martin , Perring Dominic
Published: March 2010

This paper presents preliminary research into the social and economic impact of early urban settlement in Britain, focusing on the case-study area of Late Iron Age to Roman Essex. Through fresh analysis of ceramic assemblages from Colchester and Heybridge, we describe hitherto unrecognised socio-cultural groupings and identities through subtle differences in the deposition of pottery in the generations before and after conquest. The concluding discussion concentrates on problems that we still have to address in describing the economic basis of early urban society in Britain.
A Dea Nutrix Figurine from a Romano-British Cemetery at Baldock, Hertfordshire
Authors: Burleigh Gilbert R. , Fitzpatrick-Matthews Keith J. , Aldhouse-Green Miranda J.
Published: March 2010

An unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a complete Dea Nutrix figurine. Whilst not uncommon as site finds, Deae Nutrices are less frequently encountered as grave gifts in Britain than in Gaul. The reasons for its inclusion as a grave gift are explored, as are wider questions of Romano-British burial practice in the town, the significance of Dea Nutrix as a deity, and the nature of funerary ritual. An assessment is also made of the status of the Roman town.
Mapping the Roman Inscriptions of London
Authors: Holder Nick
Published: March 2010

This paper examines the corpus of over 500 Roman inscriptions from London by studying them as a unique category of archaeological find, one with data relating to the object, the inscription, and the find-spot. The author uses information published in the fascicules ofRoman Inscriptions of Britainand inBritanniaand links this data to maps of Roman London created forThe Archaeology of Greater London(2000). Evidence for ‘zoning’ within Roman London is considered by comparing official and private inscriptions. Inscriptions suggesting retail activity are examined, as are the types of inscription found in London's waterfronts, which are used to suggest different areas of specialism within London's port. Finally, the paper looks at the inscriptions written by men and women, and by citizens and non-citizens.
The Early Monetary History of Roman Wales: Identity, Conquest and Acculturation on the Imperial Fringe
Authors: Guest Peter
Published: March 2010

Over 52,000 Roman coins have been recorded and published from Wales. Using this comprehensive numismatic sample, this article investigates how coins of different metals and denominations were used and lost in western Britain during the later Iron Age and early Roman periods. The analysis of coins from hoards, excavated sites and single finds produces a more detailed picture of coin supply and use in Roman Britain than has been the case in the past and, consequently, it is now possible to provide a relatively sophisticated description of the monetization of Wales in the decades immediately before and after the conquest in the later first century A.D. The complexities of the early numismatic history of Wales are explored using a series of chronological and regional case-studies, while the discussion emphasises the role of native traditions in shaping local responses to the appearance of coinage and the foreign practices associated with using Roman imperial currency.
Water Supply at Housesteads Roman Fort, Hadrian's Wall: the Case for Rainfall Harvesting
Authors: Beaumont Peter
Published: March 2010

The Roman fort at Housesteads on Hadrian's Wall is located on a high ridge formed by an outcrop of the Whin Sill. As a result of this location, the supply of water to the fort using conventional aqueducts does not appear to have been possible, and yet no alternative methods of supply have been identified. This paper, after analysing detailed meteorological records from the site, concludes that the Romans would have been able to supply a garrison of 800 men with water using rainfall harvesting from the roof structures within the fort. Using an estimated runoff rate from the roofs of 65 per cent means that the soldiers could have been supplied with 10 litres/capita/day or 8 tonnes of water in total each day provided that a storage capacity of 300 cubic metres existed within the fort. This storage capacity is believed to have been provided by stone-lined tanks with volumes of around 2 cubic metres. Perhaps four or six of these tanks would be associated with each of the major buildings within the fort. Excess surface drainage and overflow from the storage tanks would have been led to the south-east corner of the site as a result of local topography to be used for flushing the latrines.
Crocus, ‘King of the Alamanni’
Authors: Drinkwater John F.
Published: March 2010

Crocus was an authentic historical fgure. His infuence at the court of Constantius I may be explained in a number of ways, the most plausible being that he provided signifcant military assistance as leader of an unusually large force of warriors from the interior of Germania, not local Alamanni.
The Scheldt Valley Commercial Activity Zone: 350 Hectares of the Gallo-Roman Landscape
Authors: Clotuche Raphaël
Published: March 2010

The research undertaken on the Scheldt Valley Commercial Activity Zone was the frst large-scale excavation in the Valenciennes region (northern France), permitting an insight into the organization of a large territory. It has yielded a great wealth of data on land use and settlement and it forms a key point of reference for any future research within the region for each of the studied periods. The article discusses the characteristics of the occupation of the territory, allowing the development of new models for the occupation, structure, and management of the land and the institution of settlements and their related material culture. It argues for a Roman-indigenous land cadaster, until now not observed for this part of Roman France. The different enclosures and their internal organization are described (buildings, wells, ponds, an artisanal zone, a road system, and a burial zone), showing the persistence of numerous protohistoric sites into Roman times, which is explained by the continuity of the agricultural system and a voluntary integration into a Roman administration. The Onnaing-Scheldt Valley demonstrates the importance of large-scale excavations for the understanding of land use.
An Unusual Romano-British Brooch from Norfolk, with a Note upon its Probable Affnities
Authors: Mackreth D.F.
Published: March 2010

A brooch from Marham, Norfolk, is identifed as being a hybrid Colchester Derivative and its relationship with other Colchester Derivatives is discussed. An examination of the basic distribution of the parent of the Marham brooch, the Rearhook, shows that it is of Icenian origin. Discussion of other rare hybrids along with the dating of the parent reveals that, alone of British brooches, the Rearhook has what may be described as an abrupt cut-off date which can be equated with the suppression of the Iceni. Only one hybrid has any development, and that is the one to which the Marham brooch belongs. The fantail foot found on many Rearhooks also has a later history which is examined. The discussion focuses on the dating and distribution of what may be described as ultimate Rearhook derivatives. The early post-Boudiccan history of the Iceni is alluded to and a case presented for the probable deliberate plantation of Icenians at Castleford.
Saint Germanus and the British Missions
Authors: Barrett Anthony A.
Published: March 2010

Constantius' biography of Saint Germanus, written c. A.D. 480, includes accounts of two missions undertaken to counter the spread of Pelagianism in Britain. Germanus' frst mission is also mentioned in the chronicle of Prosper, dated to A.D. 429. The second mission is undated, and is almost certainly a fantasy. Germanus' supposed initial victory by persuasion is implausible. Also, Prosper's account of Pope Celestine I's anti-Pelagian campaigns demonstrates that the heresy was suppressed in Britain in the frst mission. The chronology of Tibatto's rebellion precludes a second mission, and its chronological anomalies arise from the need to accommodate just such a second mission.
New Light on the Wine Trade with Julio-Claudian Britain
Authors: Sealey Paul R.
Published: March 2010

Exports of Italian wine to Gaul were in steep decline from c. 50 B.C. A quite different picture emerges from Britain where finds of the Italian Dressel I amphora peak at the very end of the form c. 10 B.C. The discrepancy between Gaul and Britain is explained by the export of commodities from Britain to supply the Roman army on the Rhine, and is the expression of a direct interest in the island by the Roman state. Afterwards, the number of wine amphoras reaching Britain declined sharply: in the 50 years before the Roman invasion the volume of amphora-borne wine imported by Britons fell by between two-thirds and three-quarters. This decline is apparent from both rich graves and settlement sites. The fall in the number of wine amphoras cannot be accounted for by the replacement of the amphora by the barrel as the standard commercial wine-container: we are dealing with a real decline in the volume of wine traded. In Gaul there was a similar slump in wine imports from Italy, and the same pattern is repeated in Mediterranean shipwrecks. It can be explained by growing demand for wine in Italy itself: wine that had hitherto been exported was now consumed in the peninsula.
Γ‐AGREGATION OPERATORS AND SOME ASPECTS OF GENERALIZED AGGREGATION PROBLEM
Authors: Lebedinska Julija
Published: March 2010

We explore questions related to the aggregation operators and aggregation of fuzzy sets. No preliminary knowledge of the aggregation operators theory and of the fuzzy sets theory are required, because all necessary information is given in Section 2. Later we introduce a new class of γ‐aggregation operators, which “ignore” arguments less than γ. Due to this property γ‐aggregation operators simplify the aggregation process and extend the area of possible applications. The second part of the paper is devoted to the generalized aggregation problem. We use the definition of generalized aggregation operator, introduced by A. Takaci in [7], and study the pointwise extension of a γ‐agop.
Multiplex Screening of 22 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in 7 Toll-like Receptors: An Association Study in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: ENEVOLD CHRISTIAN , RADSTAKE TIMOTHY R.D. , COENEN MARIEKE J.H. , FRANSEN JAAP , TOONEN ERIK J.M. , BENDTZEN KLAUS , van RIEL PIET L.C.M.
Published: March 2010

Objective.

Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis. We investigated the role of functional variants of TLR in the disease phenotype and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

All patients from a longterm observational inception cohort (n = 319) were genotyped for 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 using multiplex assays. Clinical characteristics including sex, age at disease onset, rheumatoid factor (RF), and shared epitope positivity and disease activity score and radiological progression were taken into account. Genotypes were analyzed for association with Disease Activity Scores (DAS28) and joint damage (Rau scores) at 3 and 6 years.

Results.

After Bonferroni correction, there was a moderate association between RF positivity and TLR8-rs5741883. No other TLR variant was significantly associated with any RA clinical characteristics.

Conclusion.

Using a large inception cohort and strict statistical evaluation, we could not identify an association between functional TLR variants and RA phenotype and disease severity. This suggests the functional TLR variants do not play a major role in RA phenotype and disease severity.
Technologies and media in digital music: From music market crisis to new listening practices
Authors: Fouce-Rodríguez Héctor
Published: March 2010

In the last decade, the music industry has become the paradigm of the transformations that has carried the development of the productive system towards Informational Capitalism. Of the hand of a quick technological innovation, not always produced by companies, new forms of production and consumption of music have been developed. This new environment has dragged the phonographic companies to a crisis of sales that has forced a radical transformation for the sake of survival. One of these business transformations has been the intensification of the management of copyright. This intensification occurs mainly in two areas: the extension of the protection deadlines and the expansion of the fields and rights management companies-driven activities. This article is intended to answer the question that lies behind the ambitions to modify the productive system: how create cultural industries capable, at the time, to maintain a common and democratic culture and also to develop initiatives to generate capital gains to musicians, songwriters, and other music professionals. We will use data from a research that have conducted three group interviews segmented by age. The aim is to cross the views and experiences of consumers with the analysis of the evolution of music industry organization. From the observation that the younger generations are installed in a culture of free music, we explore what new business opportunities appear and how are received from the conflicting positions already referred.

En la última década la industria de la música se ha convertido en el paradigma de las transformaciones que ha traído consigo el desarrollo del modo productivo hacia el capitalismo informacional. De la mano de una veloz innovación tecnológica, no siempre producida en los entornos empresariales, se han desarrollado nuevas formas de producción y consumo de música que han arrastrado a las compañías productoras de fonogramas a una crisis de ventas que ha obligado a una radical transformación en estas empresas en aras de la supervivencia. Este artículo pretende dar respuesta a la interrogante que subyace en las ambiciones de modificar el tejido productivo: cómo crear unas industrias culturales que sean capaces, al tiempo, de mantener una cultura común y democrática y desarrollar iniciativas que generen plusvalías a músicos, compositores y otros profesionales de la música. Para ello, nos serviremos de los datos extraídos tras una investigación en la que se realizaron tres entrevistas de grupo segmentadas según la edad. Se trata de cruzar las opiniones y experiencias de los consumidores con el análisis de la evolución de la organización de la industria de la música. A partir de la constatación de que las generaciones más jóvenes están instaladas en una cultura de la gratuidad de la música, se trata de explorar qué nuevos espacios de negocio aparecen y cómo son recibidos desde las posiciones en conflicto ya referidas.
Are Patients' Expectations of Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Fulfilled? A Prospective Study of 130 Patients
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Seeger Joern B. , Bitsch Rudi G. , Krueger Marlis , Clarius Michael
Published: March 2010

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most successful procedure in orthopedic and trauma surgery. Patients' expectations of joint replacement surgery prior to and after the procedure are often discounted. This study investigated the expectations of patients before and 3 years after THA or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 130 patients (70 hips, 60 knees) received a modified FFbH-OA survey with 6 additional questions concerning patients' expectations before and 3 years after joint replacement surgery. The overall response rate was 78.8% (101 patients). Patients who underwent THA had a mean age of 63.7 years, and those who underwent TKA had a mean age of 67.4 years.

Sixty-three percent of all respondents reported that their expectations had been fulfilled or exceeded 3 years postoperatively (THA, 65%; TKA, 61%). A high negative correlation in the THA group could be seen between patients' expectations and clinical scores: the lower the clinical score, the less the patient's expectations had been fulfilled. A statistically significant increase of change in personal relationships was found, as well as a statistically significant decrease in worries and less complications than had been expected before joint replacement.

Thirty-seven percent of all respondents felt that their expectations regarding joint replacement had not been fulfilled. Looking at the results of this study, the 37% of patients whose expectations had not been fulfilled did not exhibit a lower postoperative functioning than those who were satisfied.
Autologous Blood and Corticosteroid Injection and Extracoporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Ozturan Kutay E. , Yucel Istemi , Cakici Husamettin , Guven Melih , Sungur Ibrahim
Published: March 2010

Lateral epicondylitis is a common disorder characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle. It occurs most frequently as a result of minor, unrecognized trauma during sports activities and occupation-related physical activities. The goal of this study was to evaluate the short-, medium-, and long-term effects of corticosteroid injection, autologous blood injection, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

Sixty patients (32 women, 28 men) with lateral epicondylitis were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 received a corticosteroid injection; group 2, an autologous blood injection, and group 3, extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Thomsen provocative testing, upper extremity functional scores, and maximal grip strength were used for evaluation. Outcomes were assessed at 4, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Corticosteroid injection gave significantly better results for all outcome measures at 4 weeks; success rates in the 3 groups were 90%, 16.6%, and 42.1%, respectively. Autologous blood injection and extracorporeal shock wave therapy gave significantly better Thomsen provocative test results and upper extremity functional scores at 52 weeks; the success rate of corticosteroid injection was 50%, which was significantly lower than the success rates for autologous blood injection (83.3%) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (89.9%). Corticosteroid injection provided a high success rate in the short term. However, autologous blood injection and extracorporeal shock wave therapy gave better long-term results, especially considering the high recurrence rate with corticosteroid injection. We suggest that the treatment of choice for lateral epicondylitis be autologous blood injection.
Superior Gluteal Artery Injury During Iliosacral Screw Placement Due to Aberrant Anatomy
Authors: Marmor Meir , Lynch Terry , Matityahu Amir
Published: March 2010

Percutaneous iliosacral screws are considered the standard of care for disruptions of the sacroiliac joint. This article describes a case of iatrogenic injury to the superior gluteal artery during iliosacral screw insertion and analyzes the possible reasons for this complication.

A 32-year-old man diagnosed with an unstable pelvic ring injury underwent percutaneous fixation of the right sacroiliac joint. A 2-cm skin incision was made, and a straight cannulated awl was placed with the tip directly lateral to the S1 body. A guide wire was inserted and a partially threaded 6.5-mm cannulated screw with a washer was then placed over the guide wire and was found to be in excellent position. At this time, increased bleeding from the incision was observed. The incision was enlarged and dissection was carried down through the muscle. The bleeding vessel could not be visualized. Therefore, the wound was packed with sponges, and coil embolization of the right superficial gluteal artery was successfully performed.

Analysis of the angiography reveled that our patient's superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery measured more than twice the average length reported in a previous anatomic study. We believe this is the first case of superior gluteal artery bleeding due to aberrant superior gluteal artery anatomy. When planning iliosacral screw insertion, the possibility of anatomical variance of the superior gluteal artery should be acknowledged and sought after in preoperative angiography, when available.
Tibial Hemimelia and Femoral Bifurcation
Authors: Ugras Ali Akin , Sungur Ibrahim , Akyildiz Mustafa Fehmi , Ercin Ersin
Published: March 2010

Femoral bifurcation and tibial agenesis are rare anomalies and have been described in both the Gollop-Wolfgang complex and tibial agenesis-ectrodactyly syndrome. This article presents a case of Gollop-Wolfgang complex without hand ectrodactyly. Tibial agenesis-ectrodactyly syndrome and Gollop-Wolfgang complex are variants of tibial field defect, which includes distal femoral duplication, tibial aplasia, oligo-ectrodactylous toe defects, and preaxial polydactyly, occasionally associated with hand ectrodactyly.

This article describes the case of a patient with bilateral tibial hemimelia and left femoral bifurcation. The proximal tibial anlage had not been identified in the patient's left leg. After failed fibular transfer procedure, the knee was disarticulated. The other leg was treated with tibiofibular synostosis and centralization of fibula to os calcis. At 7-year follow-up, the patient ambulates with an above-knee prosthesis and uses an orthopedic boot for ankle stability.

In patients with a congenital absence of the tibia, accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance in planning future treatment. In the absence of proximal tibial anlage, especially in patients with femoral bifurcation, the knee should be disarticulated. Tibiofibular synostosis is a good choice in the presence of a proximal tibial anlage and good quadriceps function.
Caracterización petrográfica y geoquímica y condiciones de deformación del plutón San Cristóbal, Sierra de Velasco (La Rioja, Argentina)
Authors: Bellos L. I. , Toselli A. J. , Rossi J. N. , Grosse P. , De la Rosa J. D. , Castro A.
Published: March 2010

El plutón San Cristóbal constituye un cuerpo granítico de 35 km2 que aflora en el extremo sudeste de la Sierra de Velasco, situada al oeste de la ciudad de La Rioja, Argentina. Está formado por monzogranitos y sienogranitos con escasas granodioritas, de texturas equigranulares de grano medio a fino a ligeramente porfíricas. La asociación mineral es cuarzo + microclino + plagioclasa + biotita ± moscovita + circón + apatito + magnetita. Contiene enclaves magmáticos máficos de composición diorítica a tonalítica. El granito fue afectado en su parte media y este por una zona de cizalla, formada por milonitas que integran la Faja Milonítica Sur, de rumbo NNO-SSE. La roca de caja se reconoce por xenolitos de esquistos y cuarcitas en facies esquistos verdes, y septos de corneanas con la paragénesis feldespato potásico cordierita - biotita ± sillimanita. Los granitos son calcoalcalinos, débil a moderadamente peraluminosos, emplazados en un ambiente de arco magmático continental desarrollado en el borde occidental de Gondwana durante el Paleozoico Inferior. La profundidad de emplazamiento del plutón estaría en el orden de los 12 km.
Antioxidant activity of BHA, BHT and TBHQ examined with Miller's test
Authors: Karamac M. , Amarowicz R.
Published: March 2010

In model experiments with the use of Miller's test to 5 ml emulsion 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.13µg BHA, BHT and TBHQ was added. Inhibitory ratios (IR) for BHA and BHT were similar. At addition level of 6.25 and 3.13 IR for TBHQ was lower than for BHA and BHT. It is suggested that in the model studies with the use of Miller's test 25 µg BHA, BHT or TBHQ should be added to 5 ml of control sample.
Determination of polar compounds by TLC-FID in refined and partially hidrogenated soja heated oils.
Authors: Cruzian J. L. , Inhamuns A. J. , Barrera Arellano D.
Published: March 2010

The thermal degradation of oils and fats leads to the formation of polar compounds, which is the reason why their determination is adopted for the quality control of the oil and fat used in frying. Samples of refined and partially hydrogenated soybean oil were heated for 30 and 60 hours respectively and the polar compounds content were determined using the lUPAC-AOAC official method and TLC-FID. The samples of oil and the fractions separated on the column were applied to the chromarods and developed in petroleum ether: diethyl ether (93:7 v/v). The determination of polar compounds by lUPAC method and by TLC-FID presented similar results (P-value
Determination of sterols and triterpenic dialcohols in olive oils using HPLC separation and GC analysis. Standardization of the analytical method.
Authors: Cert Arturo , Moreda Wenceslao , García Moreno Josep
Published: March 2010

A method is developed for the analysis of sterols together with triterpenic alcohols (erythrodiol and uvaol) in vegetable oils. The method involves obtention of the unsaponifiable matter, isocratic HPLC separation with refractive index detector, preparation of silylderivatives, and analysis by capillary GC. Four procedures involving GC analysis of sterol and sterol+dialcohol fractions obtained by HPLC and CCF separations are compared. A collaborative trial comparing HPLC-sterols+dialcohols and CCF-sterols (official) methods is carried out. For Δ7-sterols, higher values and better repeatability and reproducibility were observed in the first method, but no differences for the remainder sterols were found. The erythrodiol+uvaol determinations by HPLC-sterols+dialcohols and CCF-sterols+dialcohols (official) methods resulted in similar precision.
Characterization of crude and purified pumpkin seed oil.
Authors: Tsaknis John , Lalas Stavros , Lazos Evangelos S.
Published: March 2010

Oil from hulled pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita Maxima) was extracted with hot petroleum ether, and then it was degummed, neutralized and bleached, consecutively Physical and chemical characteristics of crude and purified oils were determined. Density, refractive index, viscosity and peroxide value were not affected by purification, while decreases in acidity, colour, unsaponifiable, E1%1cm 232, and oxidative stability, and increases in smoke point and E1%1cm 270 were observed. Purification did not affect the fatty acid and sterol profiles. GLC analysis for the fatty acid composition of the seed oil showed that the predominant unsaturates were linoleic (42%) and oleic (38%), while the major saturates were palmitic (12,7%) and stearic (6%). Only α-tocopherol was detected at a level of 126 mg/kg, which reduced to 78 mg/kg after purification. The main sterols of pumpkin seed oil unsaponifiable were Δ7.22,25 -stigmastatrien-3β-ol, α-spinasterol, Δ7,25_stigmastadienol and Δ7-avenasterol, followed by stigmasterol, 24-methylcholest-7-enol and Δ7-stigmastenol, and also trace to minor amounts of cholesterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, sitostanol, Δ5-avenasterol, erythrodiol and uvaol were found.
Obtention and characterization of rapeseed protein isolates.
Authors: Gonçalves N. , Vioque J. , Clemente A. , Sánchez-Vioque R. , Bautista J. , Millán F.
Published: March 2010

A method for the obtention of protein isolates from defatted rapeseed flour has been designed. The process includes a basic extraction followed by a precipitation at the isoelectric point of the proteins. The precipitate is washed with water (pH 4.5), ethanol and acetone, obtaining a protein isolate with 86% of protein and reducing the contents in polyphenols and soluble sugars in more than 90% with respect to the defatted flour. The final product have physico-chemical characteristics that make it atractive to be used as food and for the obtention of protein hydrolizates.
Lactic acid bacteria in table olive fermentations
Authors: Durán Quintana M. C. , Romero Barranco C. , García García P. , Brenes Balbuena M. , Garrido Fernández A.
Published: March 2010

The paper reviews the characteristics for the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) growth in the three main table olive types in the international trade. The only typical spontaneous lactic process is that followed in the Spanish-style green olives. The growth of LAB throughout storage in brine of ripe olives and fermentation of naturally ripe (black) olives depends on various factors such as olive cultivars, sodium chloride concentration, initial pH correction, etc. The knowledge of the spontaneous growth conditions is essential for a better microbiological control and the efficient use of starter cultures in these fermentations.
Virgin olive oil and cholesterol distribution and transbilayer movement in human erythrocyte membrane.
Authors: Muriana F. J. G. , Ruiz Gutiérrez V.
Published: March 2010

The influence of virgin olive oil intake (with regard to the ingestion of high-oleic sunflower oil) on cholesterol distribution and transbilayer movement in the erythrocyte membrane of healthy subjects and hypertensive patients (with or without concomitant hypercholesterolaemia) was studied. The activity of erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport and blood pressure were also determined. The study was conducted over two 4-week periods, with a washout (4-week) period between both monounsaturated diets. Olive oil (but not high-oleic sunflower oil) was able to reduce the erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport activity, to normalize the erythrocyte membrane cholesterol distribution and transbilayer movement, and to significantly diminish the systolic and diastolic Wood pressures in hypertensive patients. Our data indicate that olive oil enriched-diet may modulate and/or partially prevent the alteration of those pathogenic parameters related to human hypertension and Cardiovascular Pathology. These processes cannot be exclusively ascribed to the content of oleic acid in virgin olive oil.
Effect of interesterification on glyceride structure
Authors: El-Shattory Y. , Aly Saadia M.
Published: March 2010

Interesterification process on soybean oil - oleic acid (2:1 w/w) was carried out under different concentration of nickel catalyst (0.4 and 0.6%), at temperature 90°C and stirring for 4 hours. The hydrolysis of individual glyceride structure was done using pancreatic lipase to obtain 2-monoglycerides. Calculation was recorded to determine the glyceride structure of the interesterified soybean oil.
Characteristics and composition of tomato seed oil
Authors: Lazos Evangelos S. , Tsaknis John , Lalas Stavros
Published: March 2010

Tomato seeds were separated from dried pomace, and seeds were ground and extracted with hot petroleum ether. The extracted oil was degummed, neutralised and bleached, and then the physical and chemical characteristics of crude and purified oils were determined. Purification led to a decrease in acidity, colour, unsaponifiables, E1%1cm 232 and oxidative stability, and to an increase in smoke point and E1%1cm 270. The fundamental physicochemical properties of the oil were not affected by purification. Tomato seed oil was found to contain high levels of linoleic (54%), followed by oleic (22%), while the dominant saturated acids were palmitic (14%) and stearic (6%). Purification led to an increase in C18:2 trans, while the fatty acid profile of the oil remained unchanged, a- and ô-tocopherols were detected at levels of 202 and 1059 mg/kg; purification reduced tocopherol content to 161 and 898 mg/kg, respectively (β-sitosterol was found as the most predominant component of the sterolic fraction from tomato seed oil. A large percentage (16%) of cholesterol was detected. Other sterols found in percentages higher than 1.5% were campesterol, stigmasterol and Δ5-avenasterol. In addition, trace to minor amounts of 24- methylenecholesterol, brassicasterol, Δ7-campesterol, clerosterol, Δ7 24-stigmastadienol, Δ7-stigmastanol, Δ7-avenasterol and erythrodiol were found. Sterol profile was not affected by purification.
Determination of melting point of vegetable oils and fats by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique.
Authors: Nassu Renata Tieko , Guaraldo Gonçalves Lireny Aparecida
Published: March 2010

Melting point of fats is used to characterize oils and fats and is related to their physical properties, such as hardness and thermal behaviour. The present work shows the utilization of DSC technique on the determination of melting point of fats. In a comparison with softening point (AOCS method Cc 3-25), DSC values were higher than those obtained by AOCS method. It has occurred due to the fact that values obtained by DSC technique were taken when the fat had melted completely. DSC was also useful for determining melting point of liquid oils, such as soybean and cottonseed ones.
Formation of the 5,6-epoxy derivatives of 7-liydroxy-cholesteryl 3β-acetates during peroxidation of cholesteryl acetate.
Authors: Lercker G. , Bortolomeazzi R. , Pizzale L.
Published: March 2010

The thermal peroxidation of cholesteryl acetate (CA) generates many compounds, most of which have been identified in previous studies. The trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the thermodegradation products of the single hydroperoxides of CA (7α- and 7β-) gave GCMS spectra that were almost identical to those of the thermal peroxidation of CA, except for four compounds that were only detected as TMS derivatives. These substances were identified by comparing their mass spectra and their GC retention time against those of the four synthesized isomers of the epoxy-hydroxy derivatives of CA. The presence of a considerable amount of epoxy-hydroxy derivates of CA, especially at low-temperature degradations, provides an explanation for the formation of other substances that have been previously identified.
Propylenated fatty acids as emulsifiers
Authors: El-Shattory Y. , Aly Saadia M. , Megahed M. G.
Published: March 2010

Hydroxy propylenyl stéarate, palmitate, laurate, oléate and linoleate were prepared by reaction of propylene oxide with fatty acid at 160 °C for five hours stirring in presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. Physico-chemical properties of the five products, regarding their use as emulsifiers, were determined.