bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROPICIANDO APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA PARA ALUNOS DO SEXTO ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS FASES DA LUA
Authors: Darroz Luiz Marcelo , Samudio Pérez Carlos Ariel , Rosa Cleci Werner da , Heineck Renato
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, relata-se uma experiência didática de estudo das fases da Lua com uma turma do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola privada do município de Passo Fundo, RS. Tendo como fundamentação teórica a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel, buscou-se desenvolver a proposta a partir de um modelo didático que simula as fases da Lua e com base nas concepções prévias dos estudantes. Os indícios da aprendizagem foram constatados através de registros de memórias da atividade. Pelos resultados apresentados, acredita-se que a proposta alcançou seus objetivos, uma vez que os estudantes conseguiram identificar, diferenciar e transferir o fenômeno das fases da Lua para novos contextos. Assim, conclui-se que uma metodologia com enfoque em um conteúdo significativo ao estudante é fundamental para a construção e compreensão genuína do que está sendo aprendido.
FORMAS DE APROPRIAÇÃO DE INSTRUMENTOS PARA O ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Soares Leonardo Marques , Nascimento Silvania Sousa
Published: January 2020

O objetivo principal desse artigo é apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a maneira como um grupo de professores se apropriaram dos instrumentos do KIT PARA O ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA (KITPEA). Os sujeitos dessa pesquisa participaram do curso de especialização em ensino de astronomia oferecido pelo Projeto de Formação Continuada (Foco) no Centro de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (CECIMIG) da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FaE/UFMG). Coletamos as informações por meio de um questionário e de uma entrevista, aplicados a esses professores. Estruturamos a análise dessas informações com a ajuda da Teoria da Atividade e da Teoria da Ação Mediada. Interpretamos as falas dos professores usando como dispositivo analítico os elementos constituintes do sistema de atividade e os conceitos de apropriação e domínio. Dentre os 11 sujeitos que participaram da pesquisa, foi possível identificar a apropriação dos instrumentos em 7 narrativas.
APRENDER ASTRONOMÍA JUGANDO EN UNA PLAZA
Authors: Camino Néstor
Published: January 2020

Apresentam-se neste trabalho alguns jogos de praça, considerados como módulos didáticos para imaginar processos astronômicos, a partir da concepção de que a aprendizagem em Astronomia deve-se desenvolver fortalecendo a relação do próprio corpo com o espaço tridimensional e com o tempo, tal como se vive ao observar o céu, construindo um “diálogo” entre o mundo real e as aprendizagens a construir. Os jogos apresentados (carrosséis e tobogãs) foram desenhados para trabalhar sobre a translação da Terra em torno do Sol, as fases da Lua e a gravidade, e sobre o que um observador percebe dos mesmos. Dá-se a descrição de cada jogo, discutem-se seus fundamentos físicos e astronômicos, e desenvolve-se uma crítica didática dos mesmos. Finalmente, comenta-se o papel que deveriam ter os docentes no apoio aos aprendizes no processo de interação com os jogos apresentados.
AS FASES DA LUA E OS ACONTECIMENTOS TERRESTRES: A CRENÇA DE DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE INSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Darroz Luiz Marcelo , Rosa Cleci Teresinha Werner da , Vizzotto Patrick Alves , Rosa Álvaro Becker da
Published: January 2020

Apresenta-se neste artigo o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no primeiro semestre de 2013 junto a um grupo de 80 sujeitos de diferentes níveis de instrução. Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se averiguar os acontecimentos terrestres que esse grupo de pessoas atribui ao fenômeno das fases lunares. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foram empregadas entrevistas semiestruturadas guiadas por questões que buscavam manter a atenção dos entrevistados no objeto de investigação. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, e os resultados, após serem analisados quanti e qualitativamente, foram confrontados com estudos científicos da área. Os dados da pesquisa demonstram que a Lua e suas fases continuam fascinando e despertando o interesse da população. No entanto, a falta de conhecimentos para proferir explicações corretas relativas aos fenômenos que ocorrem com o astro acaba originando uma série de crenças na população sobre sua influência nos acontecimentos terrestres.
MIXED-METHODS STUDY THAT EXAMINES NINE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SLOOH ROBOTIC TELESCOPE FOR TEACHING ASTRONOMY
Authors: Gershun Daniel C. , Slater Timothy F. , Berryhill Katie J.
Published: January 2020

Embora estudos anteriores mostram que os telescópios robóticos têm o potencial de melhorar a aprendizagem dos alunos, há relativamente pouca investigação focada nas percepções de professores a respeito desta tecnologia. Este estudo investiga: "qual é o mérito acadêmico da utilização de telescópios robóticos Slooh para ensinar astronomia, tal como percebido pelos professores de ciências?" Nossa amostra é composta por nove professores de ciências de estudantes com idades entre 13-18 anos pré e pós-testes, entrevistas, e levantamentos foram coletados durante duas semanas de um curso on-line de verão sobre telescópios robóticos. Enquanto os testes pré e pós não revelaram um ganho estatisticamente significativo no conhecimento do conteúdo astronomia, a análise de dados qualitativos revela cinco temas que descrevem os aspectos mais importantes da utilização Slooh de acordo aos participantes: "Imagens", "Interface", "Aplicação em sala de aula", "Impacto no Instrutor" e "Questões logísticas". A análise desses temas sugere que Slooh pode proporcionar um ambiente de aprendizagem interativo e social com capacidade de incorporar temas interdisciplinares.
O LADO ESCURO DA LUA NUNCA APANHA SOL?
Authors: Giovannini Odilon , Pellenz Daiana , Catelli Francisco
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho apresenta a elaboração de uma resposta à pergunta “O lado escuro da Lua nunca apanha sol?” na qual são consideradas questões relacionadas às concepções iniciais dos alunos, de onde elas surgem e os elementos centrais que constituem uma “boa resposta”. Essas questões são tratadas, inicialmente, a partir de uma revisão da literatura sobre pesquisas na área e, em seguida, também com base nessa revisão, um objeto modelo didático que envolve os movimentos relativos do sistema Terra – Lua – Sol é proposto. Uma descrição detalhada da aplicação deste modelo em um ambiente de aprendizagem com alunos do ensino fundamental é relatada. As concepções iniciais apresentadas na literatura se confirmam e os questionamentos feitos pelos estudantes por ocasião da aplicação do modelo fornecem indícios de que uma aprendizagem significativa, pelo menos em algum grau, ocorreu.
REFLECTIONS ON TEN YEARS OF RELEA: LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATION
Authors: Percy John R.
Published: January 2020

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MEMÓRIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO EM ASTRONOMIA NO BRASIL: RECORTES A PARTIR DAS FALAS DE PESQUISADORES ENTREVISTADOS SOBRE O TEMA
Authors: Iachel Gustavo , Nardi Roberto
Published: January 2020

Relata-se neste artigo uma retrospectiva histórica referente a dados provenientes de pesquisa em Educação em Astronomia no país, pós 1973, organizada com base na análise das falas de pesquisadores considerados referências nacionais nesse campo, como também na leitura de publicações das áreas de ensino de Ciências, Física e Astronomia. Tal panorama histórico foi desenvolvido com o intuito de favorecer nossa compreensão sobre os contextos nos quais os pesquisadores entrevistados se desenvolveram profissionalmente. Ademais, buscou-se recobrar a memória do crescente campo de pesquisa em Educação em Astronomia no país. Entendemos que o histórico apresentado possa contribuir para com os que buscam entender o passado na tentativa de solucionar demandas atuais e futuras.
A TEORIA DA ABSTRAÇÃO REFLEXIONANTE E A HISTÓRIA DA ASTRONOMIA
Authors: Bartelmebs Roberta Chiesa , Harres João Batista Siqueira , Silva João Alberto da
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho configura-se como um ensaio teórico a respeito de alguns fatos da história da astronomia analisados segundo a teoria da abstração reflexionante elaborada por Jean Piaget e seus colaboradores (1970). Trata-se de compreender os motivos que levaram diferentes astrônomos, da mesma época histórica e cultural, a “enxergarem” evidências tão diferentes sobre um mesmo fenômeno. Além disso, pretendemos possibilitar a compreensão das Ciências como construção humana, condicionadas a uma época e às crenças e os modos de compreender de cada cientista.
DISCIPLINAS E PROFESSORES DE ASTRONOMIA NOS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA EM FÍSICA DAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Roberto Junior Artur Justiniano , Reis Thiago Henrique , Germinaro Daniel Dos Reis
Published: January 2020

Este artigo é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a formação básica em Astronomia nos cursos de Licenciatura em Física que fizeram o exame nacional ENADE 2011. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar se há disciplinas de Astronomia nesses cursos, se ela é obrigatória ou optativa/eletiva, qual a sua carga horária e o período em que é oferecida. Pesquisou-se também a relação entre astrônomos, cursos de Licenciatura em Física e disciplinas de Astronomia. Para realizar essa pesquisa utilizamos os dados do ENADE 2011 e também do censo da Astronomia brasileira. Como resultado, se observa que em apenas 15% dos cursos existe uma disciplina obrigatória de Astronomia e que há uma grande probabilidade de que 85% dos professores de Física formados em 2011 não cursaram nenhuma disciplina de Astronomia durante a graduação. Além disso, os dados levantados nesse trabalho apontam um baixo número de filiados à SAB nos cursos pesquisados. Identifica-se que ter astrônomos na instituição não implica em disciplina obrigatória de Astronomia no curso de Licenciatura em Física.
CIÊNCIA NAS ESCOLAS: OBSERVAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DE UM ECLIPSE SOLAR PARCIAL
Authors: Santos Leonardo Barbosa Torres dos , Santos Everaldo Faustino dos , Neves Leonardo Oliveira das
Published: January 2020

Fenômenos como eclipses despertam o interesse e a curiosidade dos seres humanos desde a Antiguidade. Em virtude disso, a monitoração sistematizada desses eventos poderia ser utilizada para despertar o interesse das pessoas desde uma simples contemplação, ou pelo interesse didático ou para pesquisa científica. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimular a aplicação e desenvolvimento de pesquisas científicas no ambiente escolar. Para isso, propõe-se a monitoração de eclipses solares. Registros fotográficos serão obtidos pelos estudantes, utilizando equipamento apropriado para a observação solar. Em análises das fotos, serão determinados parâmetros representativos das características e da evolução desses interessantes eventos astronômicos. Os resultados poderão ser comparados com previsões de alta precisão. Uma descrição pormenorizada da metodologia e dos recursos a serem empregados nas observações é também fornecida.
A FORMA E OS MOVIMENTOS DA TERRA: PERCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORES ACERCA DAS RELAÇÕES ENTRE OBSERVAÇÃO COTIDIANA E OS MODELOS CIENTÍFICOS
Authors: Ferreira Flávia Polati , Leite Cristina
Published: January 2020

A forma e os movimentos da Terra são alguns dos assuntos mais presentes em documentos oficias e pesquisas em educação em astronomia. Grande parte das propostas de ensino destes temas os sugerem junto a aspectos da astronomia observacional. Diante disso, neste trabalho apresentamos alguns dos principais resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou as percepções de professores acerca das relações entre o conhecimento oriundo da observação e os modelos científicos atualmente aceitos sobre os temas “forma e movimentos da Terra”. Os dados analisados foram obtidos durante a aplicação de uma proposta didática, em um curso de extensão universitária para formação continuada de professores de São Paulo, estruturada a partir da dinâmica dos Três Momentos Pedagógicos e guiada por algumas das ideias centrais do educador Paulo Freire. Os resultados indicam que uma pequena parte dos professores parece compreender as relações de “contradição aparente” e “limitação” fazendo o uso de conceitos da espacialidade e muitos argumentaram essas relações com base apenas em frases vagas ou “chavões”, desconexos à problematização proposta. As dificuldades dos professores em relacionar elementos da observação com os modelos científicos parecem indicar uma necessidade de abordar aspectos da observação junto ao conhecimento astronômico na formação continuada de professores.
A TEORIA DO BIG BANG E A NATUREZA DA CIÊNCIA
Authors: Arthury Luiz Henrique Martins , Peduzzi Luiz O. Q.
Published: January 2020

A cosmologia moderna se constituiu, ao longo do século XX até os dias atuais, como um campo bastante produtivo de pesquisa, resultando em grandes descobertas que atestam sua força explicativa. A Teoria do Big Bang, nome genérico e popular do modelo padrão da cosmologia, é provavelmente o programa de pesquisa mais ousado da física e da astronomia, ao tentar recriar a evolução de nosso universo observável. Mas diferentemente do que se poderia pensar, suas hipóteses são de um grau de refinamento e evidências corroborativas que a fazem ser nossa melhor explicação para a história de nosso cosmos. A Teoria do Big Bang se apresenta também como um excelente campo de conhecimento para se discutir questões a respeito da própria atividade científica. Nesse trabalho discutimos os principais elementos dessa teoria com um olhar epistemológico, resultando em um texto bastante útil para ser trabalhado em atividades didáticas com objetivos correlatos.
APRENDIZAGEM MEDIADA POR UMA HIPERMÍDIA EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Fagundes Adriano Luiz , Silva Tatiana Da , Barroso Marta Feijó
Published: January 2020

As Fases da Lua constituem um objeto de aprendizagem composto por unidades menores que foi aqui elaborado adotando-se a teoria da carga cognitiva, incluindo aspectos da visualização no ensino das ciências e observando as dificuldades de aprendizagem documentadas na literatura de pesquisa em ensino de ciências e astronomia como norteadores teóricos. O processo completo de investigação envolveu 77 estudantes de uma disciplina de física de graduação e contemplou instrumentos de coleta de dados para investigar aspectos técnicos do material, qualidade do conteúdo e aprendizagem. Neste trabalho faz-se um recorte no qual o foco é a aprendizagem mediada por um recurso digital hipermídia. Os instrumentos utilizados nesta etapa foram pré-testes e avaliação de aprendizagem que possibilitaram uma avaliação quali-quantitativa. As questões versaram sobre o conhecimento da Lua como corpo sem luminosidade própria, a representação de um diagrama esquemático com sequências de fases lunares e as respostas a uma questão sobre a possibilidade de observação do Sol e da Lua de acordo com a hora do dia, e finalmente uma explicação e uma representação sobre a dinâmica do movimento de rotação síncrona da Lua. Os resultados obtidos forneceram um ganho percentual médio global de 33% na aprendizagem. Destacam-se características do material que podem ter contribuído para a sua qualidade enquanto mediador da aprendizagem.
CONFIANÇA DEMONSTRADA POR ESTUDANTES DE PEDAGOGIA SOBRE O ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA PARA AS SÉRIES INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Cerqueira Jr. Welington , Almeida Robenil Dos Santos , Conceição Regiane Dos Santos da , Dutra Glênon
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho busca identificar o nível de confiança de alguns estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, de uma Universidade pública situada no interior da Bahia, para o ensino de conteúdos de Astronomia nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de um questionário, sendo que o mesmo foi respondido por 16 estudantes. Os resultados foram analisados levando em conta diversos fatores, como a estrutura curricular do curso de graduação em Pedagogia, o perfil de leitura dos estudantes e o nível de experiência em relação à docência em sala de aula. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma grande insegurança dos alunos em relação ao ensino de conteúdos de Astronomia, sendo estes resultados compatíveis com os de outros pesquisadores da área.
Smart DNA biosensor for in vitro detection of androgen receptor mRNA
Authors: Bryushkova Ekaterina Alexandrovna , Gandalipov Erik Rafikovich , Nuzhina Julia Victorovna
Published: January 2020

Local manifestations of hyperandrogenism are still difficult to diagnose since they are not associated with blood changes of androgens. An increase of androgen receptors (AR) expression level as much as their increase sensitivity to the corresponding ligands may lead to the manifestation of acne, androgenetic alopecia, or hirsutism. It means that in some cases an assessment of the local level of AR expression is necessary for the differential diagnosis and selects the relevant therapy. The traditional laboratory techniques are not available everywhere due to their complexity and laboriousness. In this project, a novel Smart DNA Biosensor, based on RNA-dependent split aptamer for the primary diagnosis of androgen receptors overexpression was developed. This molecular construction is easy to use, has high efficiency and selectivity, dui to its modular structure can be easily optimized for the detection of various targets. Thus, SDB-like sensors may be useful for the rapid differential diagnosis.
Eating Planets for Lunch and Dinner: Signatures of Planet Consumption by Evolving Stars
Authors: Stephan Alexander P. , Naoz Smadar , Gaudi B. Scott , Salas Jesus M.
Published: January 2020

Exoplanets have been observed around stars at all stages of stellar evolution, in many cases orbiting in configurations that will eventually lead to the planets being engulfed or consumed by their host stars, such as hot Jupiters or ultrashort period planets. Furthermore, objects such as polluted white dwarfs provide strong evidence that the consumption of planets by stars is a common phenomenon. This consumption causes several significant changes in the stellar properties, such as changes to the stellar spin, luminosity, chemical composition, or mass-loss processes. Here, we explore this wide variety of effects for a comprehensive range of stellar and planetary masses and stages of stellar evolution, from the main sequence over red giants to white dwarfs. We determine that planet consumption can cause transient luminosity features that last on the order of centuries to millennia, and that the post-consumption stellar spins can often reach breakup speeds. Furthermore, stellar mass loss can be caused by this spin-up, as well as through surface grazing interactions, leading to to the formation of unusual planetary nebula shapes or collimated stellar gas ejections. Our results highlight several observable stellar features by which the presence or previous existence of a planet around a given star can be deduced. This will provide future observational campaigns with the tools to better constrain exoplanet demographics, as well as planetary formation and evolution histories.
Machine-learning Inference of the Interior Structure of Low-mass Exoplanets
Authors: Baumeister Philipp , Padovan Sebastiano , Tosi Nicola , Montavon Grégoire , Nettelmann Nadine , MacKenzie Jasmine , Godolt Mareike
Published: January 2020

We explore the application of machine-learning based on mixture density neural networks (MDNs) to the interior characterization of low-mass exoplanets up to 25 Earth masses constrained by mass, radius, and fluid Love number, k
2. We create a data set of 900,000 synthetic planets, consisting of an iron-rich core, a silicate mantle, a high-pressure ice shell, and a gaseous H/He envelope, to train a MDN using planetary mass and radius as inputs to the network. For this layered structure, we show that the MDN is able to infer the distribution of possible thicknesses of each planetary layer from mass and radius of the planet. This approach obviates the time-consuming task of calculating such distributions with a dedicated set of forward models for each individual planet. While gas-rich planets may be characterized by compositional gradients rather than distinct layers, the method presented here can be easily extended to any interior structure model. The fluid Love number k
2 bears constraints on the mass distribution in the planets’ interiors and will be measured for an increasing number of exoplanets in the future. Adding k
2 as an input to the MDN significantly decreases the degeneracy of the possible interior structures. In an open repository, we provide the trained MDN to be used through a Python Notebook.
Habitable Zones around Almost Extremely Spinning Black Holes (Black Sun Revisited)
Authors: Bakala Pavel , Dočekal Jan , Turoňová Zuzana
Published: January 2020

We analyzed the thermodynamics of hypothetical exoplanets at very low Keplerian circular orbits in close vicinity of rapidly spinning supermassive black holes. Such black hole exoplanets are heated by strongly blueshifted and focused flux of the incoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) and cooled by the cold part of the local sky containing the black hole shadow. This gives rise to a temperature difference, which can drive processes far from thermodynamic equilibrium in a hypothetical life form inhabiting black hole exoplanets, similar to the case of a planet heated by the radiation of the parent star and cooled by the night sky. We found that for a narrow range of radii of very low Keplerian circular orbits and for very high spin of a supermassive black hole, the temperature regime of the black hole exoplanets corresponds to the habitable zone around standard stars. The thermodynamics of black hole exoplanets therefore, in principle, does not exclude the existence of life based on known biology. The peak of the multiblackbody spectral profile of the CMB heating the exoplanet is located in the ultraviolet band, but a significant fraction of the flux comes also in the visible and infrared bands. The minimum mass of a black hole ensuring the resistance to tidal disruption of an Earth-like exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone is estimated to 1.63 · 108
m
⊙.
Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway
Authors: Frisch Andreas , Moen Victoria Stornes , Grube Martin , Bendiksby Mika
Published: January 2020

We have studied the highly oceanic genus Coniocarpon in Norway. Our aim has been to delimit species of Coniocarpon in Norway based on an integrative taxonomic approach. The material studied comprises 120 specimens of Coniocarpon, obtained through recent collecting efforts (2017 and 2018) or received from major fungaria in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as from private collectors. We have assessed (1) species delimitations and relationships based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of three genetic markers (mtSSU, nucITS and RPB2), (2) morphology and anatomy using standard light microscopy, and (3) secondary lichen chemistry using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results show three genetically distinct lineages of Coniocarpon, representing C. cinnabarinum, C. fallax and C. cuspidans comb. nov. The latter was originally described as Arthonia cinnabarina f. cuspidans and is herein raised to species level. All three species are supported by morphological, anatomical and chemical data.
Distribution des emplois et identification des sous-centres d’affaires dans l’agglomération lilloise
Authors: Aboubacar Amir , Hammadou Hakim , Kilani Moez
Published: January 2020

Nous étudions la distribution des emplois sur la métropole lilloise afin d’identifier les principaux sous-centres d’affaires et caractériser la forme urbaine de cette agglomération. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de repérer les communes avec des niveaux d’emplois élevés, mais celles qui exercent aussi une influence significative sur la distribution des emplois. L’identification des sous-centres d’affaires est importante car ces zones d’emplois influencent les décisions de localisation des acteurs économiques, et sont donc à prendre en compte dans l’élaboration des politiques urbaines. La difficulté technique consiste à séparer l’effet du centre-ville (le principal centre d’affaires) de l’effet des multiples sous-centres. Les méthodes statistiques que nous utilisons permettent de prendre en compte ce problème. Nos résultats confirment la structure polycentrique de l’agglomération lilloise et nous trouvons que la commune de Roubaix (parfois accompagnée par Tourcoing) se distingue par une centralité importante. En moyenne, l’éloignement d’un sous-centre d’affaires d’un kilomètre diminue la densité d’emploi de près de 20 %.
Le « rêvalisable » : entreprendre l’innovation au service du territoire ?
Authors: Glémain Pascal
Published: January 2020

En 2010, le cluster culturel des Articulteurs est lauréat du prix « grappes d’entreprises » décerné par la DATAR. Il ambitionne alors de donner corps au concept du « rêvalisable » en soutenant un projet de laboratoire expérimental d’entrepreneuriat collectif solidaire au service du développement du territoire rural. À l’étude de ce cas particulier, nous cherchons à comprendre comment un collectif peut entreprendre une innovation au service du territoire en « milieu solidaire ». Pour ce faire, nous démontrons que si la géographie de l’innovation est susceptible de nous apporter des éléments de compréhension, elle nécessite en complément une étude de la nature et des conditions d’évolution de l’entrepreneuriat collectif. Cet article rejoint, pour partie, une analyse critique des travaux de l’École de la Géographie Economique Evolutionniste.
Effect of multiday exercise on serum hormones and metabolic substrate concentrations in racing sled dogs
Authors: Davis M.S. , Hinchcliff K.W. , Williamson K.K. , McKenzie E.C. , Royer C.M.
Published: January 2020

Prolonged submaximal exercise relies on the steady delivery of oxidizable substrates to the working muscle, with the sources of those substrates either stored reserves or food absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract during exercise. Fat oxidation could be advantageous for this type of exercise because of potentially greater reserves, but recent studies suggest that athletic dogs remain highly dependent on carbohydrate to fuel exercise despite ingesting a high fat diet. The purpose of this study was to characterise the pattern of exercise-induced hormone and substrate concentrations as they relate to carbohydrate and fat metabolism during prolonged submaximal exercise in dogs. Two studies (a 10-dog pilot study and a subsequent primary study using 54 Alaskan sled dogs) were conducted with the dogs running 160 km/day for 4 or 5 days. Blood samples were obtained within 60 min of cessation of daily exercise and in the second study within 30 min of the start of the next day of exercise. Samples were analysed for key hormones and substrates. Results demonstrated the development of a strong hormonal stimulus for glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis that coincided with sparing and replenishment of muscle glycogen. The stimulus for glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis tended to diminish during rest periods in the early stages of the exercise challenge, but remained increased during later rest periods and for several days after the conclusion of exercise. These data support the hypothesis that in the face of a high-fat diet, ultra-endurance racing sled dogs rely on large amounts of hepatic glucose output to support prolonged submaximal exercise.
Effect of red clover-only diets on house crickets (Acheta domesticus) growth and survival
Authors: Vaga M. , Berggren Å. , Pauly T. , Jansson A.
Published: January 2020

This study evaluated the potential of red clover as a sole diet for house crickets (Acheta domesticus, AD) and the effect of ensiling or drying red clover biomass on growth, survival and water consumption of AD. Wild AD were caught near Uppsala, Sweden, and reared in a climate-controlled room under a 12-h light regime. One day-old third-generation cricket nymphs (n=2,880) were used in a 56-day feeding trial. The experimental diets (n=8) were early-cut (pre-bloom) and late-cut (late-bloom) red clover, preserved as frozen-fresh, dry-silage, haylage and hay, and a control diet. All clover diets were fed as sole diets with salt block available ad libitum in every treatment. Feed dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg feed dry matter per kg weight gain), number and weight of crickets and water consumption were recorded every five days. FCR was higher for late-cut than early cut-red clover, but overall cricket weight and survival rate did not differ between cutting times (P=0.939). FCR, weight and survival were not affected by forage conservation method. Total feed consumption was highest for red clover hay. Crickets fed red clover diets had lower (P<0.01) weight and higher FCR than crickets fed the control diet, but their survival rate was not different from that of control crickets during the first 25 days of life. Water consumption of AD fed the control diet was about half that reported for pigs and poultry. Crickets fed on fresh red cover had lower (P=0.04) water consumption compared with crickets fed dried or ensiled red clover, but ensiling did not reduce water consumption compared with hay. Red clover cannot be recommended as a sole feedstuff for AD, but early and late-cut red clover had similar effects. The possibility to partly include late cut red clover in cricket diets is interesting from an ecosystem service perspective since the flowering crop will provide feed for declining populations of bees and other pollinators.
Effects of processing whole oats on the analysis and fate of mycotoxins and ergosterol
Authors: Tittlemier S.A. , Blagden R. , Chan J. , McMillan T.L. , Pleskach K. , Izydorczyk M.S.
Published: January 2020

Grinding and dividing equipment were evaluated for their ability to comminute and divide ground oats in preparation for mycotoxin analysis. Four different grinders, using various settings, were evaluated for their ability to comminute oats and produce small particle sizes. Rotor beater type grinders produced the more desirable finer ground samples as compared to burr type mills. Four different division methods (manual scooping, rotary sample division, and two designs of gravity-fed dividers) were assessed for their ability to produce sub-samples with consistent particle size fraction distributions. No practical differences were observed on the particle size fraction distribution of test portions of finely ground oats produced using the four different division methods; therefore, no effects on mycotoxin analysis were anticipated. The effects of processing naturally contaminated whole oats on mycotoxin concentrations was also assessed. Laboratory scale dehulling, steaming, and kilning were examined. Dehulling showed the greatest impact and removed 60-100% of variousFusarium- andAlternaria-produced mycotoxins, as well as ergosterol, present on the naturally contaminated whole oats. Different from the other analytes studied, only 48% of the mycotoxin plant transformation product deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was present in hulls and removed during dehulling. Steaming and kilning appeared to increase ergosterol in groats, as well as decrease deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3- glucoside. The observed inconsistent changes in concentrations of tentoxin after heat treatment of groats appeared to be due to sample heterogeneity.
Recovery From Suppression With Successful Motor Alignment After Surgery for Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Huh Jungah , Ha Suk-Gyu , Kim Seung-Hyun
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To investigate recovery from suppression when the target motor alignment is achieved following surgery for intermittent exotropia.

Methods:

The medical records of 237 patients who underwent surgery for exotropia were retrospectively reviewed. The age at surgery, sex, preoperative angle of deviation, suppression status, and near stereopsis were investigated. Suppression status was classified as no, alternate, or constant suppression. Target motor alignment was defined as 10 prism diopters (PD) or less of exodeviation or 2 PD of esodeviation at the final visit.

Results:

The mean age at surgery was 8.2 ± 3.2 years and 115 (48.5%) patients were male. The preoperative angle of deviation was 26.3 ± 5.9 PD and the follow-up postoperative period was 21.6 ± 7.6 months. The preoperative suppression status included 23 (9.7%), 55 (23.2%), and 159 (67.1%) patients who showed no, alternate, or constant suppression, respectively. Two hundred fifteen (90.7%) patients obtained the target motor alignment by the final visit. Of the 144 patients who demonstrated constant suppression preoperatively but achieved the target motor alignment postoperatively, 12 (8.3%) patients demonstrated residual suppression. All 12 of these patients had a preoperative angle of exotropia of greater than 20 PD.

Conclusions:

Most patients undergoing surgery for intermittent exotropia obtained both successful motor alignment and fusion postoperatively. However, successful motor alignment did not guarantee recovery of suppression when the preoperative angle of exotropia was greater than 20 PD. The preoperative factors and functional implications underlying this finding are unclear and merit further study.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(1):21–26.]
Influence of Axial Length on Intraocular Pressure Measurement With Three Tonometers in Childhood Glaucoma
Authors: Mendez-Hernandez Carmen , Arribas-Pardo Paula , Sanchez Jean Ruben , Garcia-Feljoo Julian
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To determine the agreement between intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained using the handheld version of the Goldmann applanation (Perkins; Clement-Clarke, Haag-Streit, Harlow, United Kingdom), rebound Icare-Pro (Icare, Tiolat Oy, Helsinki, Finland), and Tonopen XL (Reichert Inc., Depew, NY) tonometers in children with childhood glaucoma and to identify factors that may affect those measurements.

Methods:

Ninety-one eyes of 46 children with early-onset childhood glaucoma were included in this cross-sectional study in which IOP, ocular axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous length, and central corneal thickness measurements were obtained under general anesthesia. Agreement between tonometers was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the Bland–Altman method. The influence of ocular biometric parameters and central corneal thickness on IOP measurements was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results:

The mean age of the children in the current study was 29.1 months (range: 13 to 31 months). The Icare-Pro and Tonopen XL overestimated IOP measurements compared to the Perkins tonometer (Icare-Pro–Perkins mean IOP difference: 2.2 ± 3.4 mm Hg,
P
< .0001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5 to 2.9 vs Tonopen XL–Perkins mean IOP difference: 6.7 ± 7.1 mm Hg,
P
< .0001, 95% CI: 5.2 to 8.2). The Icare-Pro showed greater agreement with the Perkins tonometer than the Tonopen XL (ICC: 0.789, 95% CI: 0.697 to 0.856,
P
< .0001 vs 0.453, 95% CI: 0.272 to 0.603,
P
< .0001). Ocular axial length affected IOP measurements the most, finding increased impact on Tonopen XL (slope: 0.086, 95% CI: 0.013 to 0.16,
P
= .022 vs 0.997, 95% CI: 0.369 to 1.625,
P
= .002 vs 1.571, 95% CI: 0.541 to 2.602,
P
< .0001 for Perkins, Icare-Pro, and Tonopen XL IOP measurements, respectively).

Conclusions:

Ocular axial length affects IOP measured by the Perkins, Icare-Pro, and Tonopen XL devices in patients with childhood glaucoma. The Icare-Pro shows more agreement with the Perkins tonometer than the Tonopen XL; therefore, it seems to be a more suitable option for these patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(1):27–32.]
Un siècle de priorités contradictoires pour les services d’orientation
Authors: Solaux Georges
Published: January 2020

L’orientation est un champ de pratiques professionnelles et d’interventions qui a été organisé par des politiques successives. Ces politiques ont produit des textes et réglementé leur mise en œuvre. L’article vise à souligner le caractère complexe et parfois contradictoire de ces textes. L’analyse de ces textes statutaires successifs organisant les services d’information et d’orientation en France depuis 1922 permet en effet d’identifier les actions prioritaires qui leur sont assignées en matière de publics à privilégier. Selon les périodes, il apparaît que les actions assignées visent plutôt la recherche d’efficacité ou plutôt la recherche d’équité. Ces observations sont discutées.
Can the AGE/RAGE/ERK signalling pathway and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition interact in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps?
Authors: Antonella Vetuschi  , Simona Pompili  , Gian Piero Di Marco  , Federico Calvaruso  , Enzo Iacomino  , Lidia Angelosante  , Claudio Festuccia  , Alessandro Colapietro  , Sferra Roberta
Published: January 2020

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a persistent sinonasal mucosa inflammatory disease with still unclear pathophysiologic mechanisms that imply events of tissue repair and structural remodelling. Several cascades seem to have a considerable role in the onset and progression of mucosa hyperproliferation in nasal polyps including transforming growth factor β/Small mother against decapentaplegic (TGFβ/Smads), mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) together with epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT). Since many inflammatory mediators are reported to play important roles in the development of nasal polyps (NP) disease, this study aimed to analyse the correlation between the AGEs/receptor of advanced glycosylation end-products (RAGE)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathway and the main markers of EMT to better understand the influence that they exert on the remodelling of nasal mucous membranes in patients affected by CRSwNP vs normal controls. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical analysis, using AGE, RAGE, p-ERK, MMP-3, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, Collagen I-III, α-SMA, E-cadherin, IL-6 and Vimentin antibodies, was performed. AGE, RAGE, ERK, p-ERK and MMP3 were also evaluated using western blot analysis. We observed an overexpression of the AGE/RAGE/p-ERK and the main mesenchymal markers of EMT (Vimentin and IL-6) in CRSwNP vs controls whereas the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway did not show any significant differences between the two groups of patients. These observations suggest a complex network of processes in the pathogenesis of NP, and the AGE/RAGE/ERK pathway and EMT might work together in promoting tissue remodelling in the formation of CRSwNP.
PER IL CENTESIMO ANNIVERSARIO DELLA TEORIA DELLE RELAZIONI STATISTICHE DI CORRADO GINI
Authors: Regazzini Eugenio , Cifarelli Donato
Published: January 2020

This Note aims at highlighting Giniâ€™s contributions to denition and measurement of the intensity of a statistical relationship, on the occcasion of the centennial anniversary of the publication of his early papers on that topic. The Note stresses the precursory value of those contributions and mentions some of their most signicant developments apropos of metrization of spaces of probability distributions and anaysis of monotone dependence.
Instructions for kidney recipients and donors (In English for medical providers and in Arabic for patients and donors)
Authors: Arabi Ziad , Ghalib Basmeh , Asmari Ibrahim , Gafar Mohammed , Alam Syed , Abdulgadir Mohamad , AlShareef Ala , Rashidi Awatif , Alruwaymi Mohammed , Altheaby Abdulrahman
Published: January 2020

Medical providers are often asked by their kidney recipients and donors about what to do or to avoid. Common questions include medications, diet, isolation, return to work or school, pregnancy, fasting Ramadan, or hajj and Omrah. However, there is only scant information about these in English language and none in Arabic. Here, we present evidence-based education materials for medical providers (in English language) and for patients and donors (in Arabic language). These educational materials are prepared to be easy to print or adopt by patients, providers, and centers.
Metrizability of Holonomy Invariant Projective Deformation of Sprays
Authors: Elgendi S. G. , Muzsnay Zoltán
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider projective deformation of the geodesic system of Finsler spaces by holonomy invariant functions. Starting with a Finsler spray $S$ and a holonomy invariant function ${\mathcal{P}}$, we investigate the metrizability property of the projective deformation $\widetilde{S}=S-2\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}{\mathcal{P}}{\mathcal{C}}$. We prove that for any holonomy invariant nontrivial function ${\mathcal{P}}$ and for almost every value $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\in \mathbb{R}$, such deformation is not Finsler metrizable. We identify the cases where such deformation can lead to a metrizable spray. In these cases, the holonomy invariant function ${\mathcal{P}}$ is necessarily one of the principal curvatures of the geodesic structure.
Жесткие дивизоры на поверхностях
Authors: Hochenegger Andreas , Ploog David
Published: January 2020

Рассматриваются эффективные дивизоры $D$ на поверхностях, удовлетворяющие условиям
$H^0(\mathcal{O}_D)=\Bbbk$ и $H^1(\mathcal{O}_D)=H^0(\mathcal{O}_D(D))=0$. Получена численная характеризация таких дивизоров и в общем случае изучены их свойства отрицательности, жесткости и связности. Примерами служат исключительные множества, возникающие при разрешении рациональных особенностей, а также сфероподобные дивизоры.
Библиография: 21 наименование.
О смешанной динамике двумерных обратимых диффеоморфизмов с симметричными негрубыми гетероклиническими контурами
Authors: Gonchenko Sergei Vladimirovich , Gonchenko Marina Sergeevna , Sinitsky Il'ya Olegovich
Published: January 2020

В работе рассматриваются однопараметрические семейства общего положения обратимых (реверсивных) двумерных диффеоморфизмов, содержащие диффеоморфизм с симметричным негрубым контуром. Показано, что в таких семействах существуют интервалы (интервалы Ньюхауса), в которых типичны (образуют множества второй категории Бэра) значения параметра, отвечающие сосуществованию счетных множеств устойчивых, вполне неустойчивых, седловых и симметричных эллиптических периодических траекторий. При этом замыкания множеств траекторий разных типов имеют непустые пересечения.
Библиография: 34 наименования.
Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Composites in Multilayer Structure for Stealth Technology
Authors: Indrusiak Silva Tamara , Pontes Soares Ketly , Miranda Pereira Iaci , Filipi Calheiros Loan , Guenther Soares Bluma
Published: January 2020

The present work evaluates a multilayer structure based on epoxy resin for stealth technology. The structure consists of two absorber layers with nanoferrite and a resistive layer between them containing polyaniline (PANI) with and without carbon nanotube (CNT). The best reflection loss result multilayer structure analyzed was Ni-PANICNT-Fe with RL = –22dB at 11,9 GHz, justified by higher conductivity loss due to the CNT in PANI epoxy composite.
Extension Of The Periods For Consent To And Payment Of Quota Increase
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Published: January 2020

On June 25, 2019, the IMF’s Executive Board approved a further six-month extension of the period for members to consent to an increase in their quotas under the Fourteenth General Review of Quotas (“Fourteenth Review”) through December 27, 2019. The deadline was due to expire on June 28, 2019. However, Board of Governors Resolution No. 66-2 provides that the Executive Board may extend the period for consent as it may determine. An extension under Resolution No. 66-2 also extends the periods of consent for quota increases under the 2008 Reform of Quota and Voice (Resolution No. 63-2) and the Eleventh General Review of Quotas (Resolution No. 53-2).
The Executive Board also approved a further six-month extension of the period for payment of quota increases under the Fourteenth Review, and an extension for the payment of the quota increases under the 2008 Reform, through December 27, 2019.
Exporting Through Intermediaries
Authors: Kamali Parisa
Published: January 2020

In many countries, a sizable share of international trade is carried out by intermediaries. While large firms tend to export to foreign markets directly, smaller firms typically export via intermediaries (indirect exporting). I document a set of facts that characterize the dynamic nature of indirect exporting using firm-level data from Vietnam and develop a dynamic trade model with both direct and indirect exporting modes and customer accumulation. The model is calibrated to match the dynamic moments of the data. The calibration yields fixed costs of indirect exporting that are less than a third of those of direct exporting, the variable costs of indirect exporting are twice higher, and demand for the indirectly exported products grows more slowly. Decomposing the gains from indirect and direct exporting, I find that 18 percent of the gains from trade in Vietnam are generated by indirect exporters. Finally, I demonstrate that a dynamic model that excludes the indirect exporting channel will overstate the welfare gains associated with trade liberalization by a factor of two.
Automation, Skills and the Future of Work
Authors: Mulas-Granados Carlos , Varghese Richard , Boranova Vizhdan , deChalendar Alice , Wallenstein Judith
Published: January 2020

We exploit a survey data set that contains information on how 11,000 workers across advanced and emerging market economies perceive the main forces shaping the future of work. In general, workers feel more positive than negative about automation, especially in emerging markets. We find that negative perceptions about automation are prevalent among workers who are older, poorer, more exposed to job volatility, and from countries with higher levels of robot penetration. Perceptions over automation are positively viewed by workers with higher levels of job satisfaction, higher educational attainment, and from countries with stronger labor protection. Workers with positive perceptions of automation also tend to respond that re-education and retraining will be needed to adapt to rapidly evolving skill demands. These workers expect governments to have a role in shaping the future of work through protection of labor and new forms of social benefits. The demand for protection and benefits is more significant among women and workers that have suffered job volatility.
Liquidity Choice and Misallocation of Credit
Authors: Ebrahimy Ehsan
Published: January 2020

This paper studies a novel type of misallocation of credit between investments of varying liquidity. One type of investment is more liquid, i.e., its return is more pledgeable, and the other is more productive. Low liquidities of both investment types imply that the allocation of credit is constrained inefficient and that there is overinvestment in the liquid type. Constrained inefficient equilibria feature non-positive, i.e., one less than or equal the economy’s growth rate, and yet too high interest rate, too much investment and too little consumption. Financial development can reduce long-term welfare and output in a constrained inefficient equilibrium if it raises the liquidity of the liquid type. I show a maximum liquid asset ratio or a simple debt tax can achieve constrained efficiency. Introducing government bonds can make Pareto improvement whenever it does not raise the interest rate.