bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an environmental impact reduction strategy for Australia's Antarctic infrastructure
Authors: Lockrey Simon , Verghese Karli , Crossin Enda , Young Gordon
Published: February 2020

In this article, we first describe aspects of the environmental impact reduction strategy that was developed in conjunction with a life cycle assessment undertaken for the operations necessary to support Australia's largest Antarctic research station, Casey Station. The article then identifies future research and operational improvement opportunities for the Australian Antarctic Division, who is responsible for Australia's presence in Antarctica. These insights are mapped against knowledge, treaties, plans, and policies framing how the Australian Antarctic Division operates on the southern continent, making operational planning from the strategy relevant and actionable. The article concludes by posing recommendations, for future environmental management practice, that cover making improvements to data quality collection, undertaking a strategic approach, utilizing a new ice breaker, and facilitating behavior change via engagement and active support of staff.
Circular RNA PVT1 enhances cell proliferation but inhibits apoptosis through sponging microRNA‐149 in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Sun Xiaofeng , Luo Ling , Gao Yuqiang
Published: February 2020

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the influence of circular RNA PVT1 (circ‐PVT1) on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell proliferation and apoptosis, more importantly, to identify the target microRNAs (miRNA) of circ‐PVT1 in EOC.

Methods

Circ‐PVT1 expression in EOC cell lines and nonmalignant control cells was detected. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and candidate target miRNA (miR‐149, miR‐183 and miR‐194) expressions were detected in circ‐PVT1 overexpression treated CAOV3 cells and circ‐PVT1 knock‐down treated SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, miR‐149 overexpression and miR‐149 knock‐down plasmids were transfected into circ‐PVT1 dysregulated CAOV3 cells and SKOV3 cells, respectively, and cell proliferation as well as apoptosis were detected.

Results

Circ‐PVT1 expression was increased in human EOC cell lines (CAOV3, SKOV3, SNU119 and OVCAR3) compared to human normal ovary surface epithelial cell line (HOSEpiC). In SKOV3 cells, cell proliferation was reduced at 48 and 72 h but cell apoptosis rate was increased at 48 h by circ‐PVT1 knock‐down. In CAOV3 cells, cell proliferation was increased at 48 and 72 h but cell apoptosis rate was decreased at 48 h by circ‐PVT1 overexpression. Besides, circ‐PVT1 negatively regulated miR‐149 but not miR‐183 or miR‐194 in SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells. Rescue experiments showed that miR‐149 knock‐down increased cell proliferation but decreased apoptosis in circ‐PVT1 knock‐down treated SKOV3 cells, while miR‐149 overexpression reduced cell proliferation but enhanced apoptosis in circ‐PVT1 overexpression treated CAOV3 cells.

Conclusion

Circ‐PVT1 enhances cell proliferation but inhibits cell apoptosis through sponging miR‐149 in EOC cells, which suggests that circ‐PVT1 may serve as a treatment target in EOC.
Effect of periodontal disease on electromyographic activity of muscles of mastication: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lamba Arundeep Kaur , Tandon Shruti , Faraz Farrukh , Garg Vibhuti , Aggarwal Kamal , Gaba Varun
Published: February 2020

Aim

This study aims to compare surface electromyographic activities (EMG) of four muscles, that is anterior temporalis (AT), masseter (MST), sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior belly of digastric (ABD), between chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy individuals as well as to correlate these EMG findings with periodontal parameters.

Methods

Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were recruited in Group I and 30 periodontally healthy individuals in Group II. Clenching and resting EMG for 4 muscles (AT, MST, SCM and ABD) were recorded for each participant. These EMG values were compared between the groups and correlated with periodontal parameters (plaque index, modified sulcular bleeding index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss).

Results

Resting EMG (rEMG) showed no significant difference between the groups for any muscle. Clenching EMG (cEMG) values were significantly lower in Group I than Group II for AT and MST (P = .001), but not so for SCM and ABD. Within Group I, AT and MST showed a significant negative correlation of cEMG with probing depth and clinical attachment loss (P < .05).

Conclusion

Electrical muscle activities of AT and MST are lower in chronic periodontitis than periodontally healthy individuals.
The influence of a simulated digest of an equine dietary feed additive G's formula on contractile activity of gastric smooth muscle in vitro
Authors: MacNicol Jennifer L. , Murrant Coral , Pearson Wendy
Published: February 2020

G's Formula is a novel equine feed additive formulated to promote optimal GI function. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of a simulated digest of the composite feed additive G's Formula (FA) would alter the contractile response of gastric smooth muscle to acetylcholine (Ach). Smooth muscle strips from porcine stomachs were excised and attached to an isometric force transducer. An experiment was run to compare tissue contraction between tissue exposed to FA (FA; n = 8, simulated digest of FA was added to the bath) and control tissue (CO; n = 8, no additions made). Increasing concentrations of Ach were added into the bath such that the concentration increased from 10–8–10−3 M. Based on the analysis of these data, a difference between FA and CO was observed. Therefore, another trial was run which included a blank group (BL n = 6) in which the tissue was exposed to the simulated digest without FA. More CO (n = 5) and FA (n = 4) tissue was also run. Force was compared to baseline and between groups. In FA group, mean force for 1‐min following all Ach additions was higher than baseline (p < .05) and by 2‐min the integral‐under‐force/time curve (AUC) was higher than baseline from 10–7–10−3 M compared to lower concentrations of Ach in both CO (10−6 M for both) and BL (10−5 M and 10−6 M, respectively). By 8‐min AUC of all Ach concentrations were higher than baseline in FA compared to an Ach of 10−6 M in both CO and BL. A simulated digest of FA appears to sensitize gastric smooth muscle to Ach in vitro. FA may increase GI contractility, and the functional effect of this should be studied further in vivo.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on aortic stiffness in patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cardoso Claudia R. L. , Roderjan Christian N. , Cavalcanti Aline H. , Cortez Arthur F. , Muxfeldt Elizabeth S. , Salles Gil F.
Published: February 2020

Resistant hypertension (RHT) is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and increased aortic stiffness, measured by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV). We aimed to evaluate in a randomized controlled trial, the effect of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on cf‐PWV in comparison with a control group in patients with RHT and moderate‐severe OSA. One‐hundred and sixteen patients were randomized to 6‐month CPAP treatment (56 patients) or no therapy (60 patients), while keeping their antihypertensive treatment unchanged. Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity was performed at the beginning and end of the 6‐month period. Intention‐to‐treat intergroup differences in cf‐PWV changes were assessed by a generalized mixed‐effects model with the allocation group as a fixed factor and adjusted for age, sex, changes in mean arterial pressure and the baseline cf‐PWV values. Subgroup sensitivity analyses were performed, excluding patients with low CPAP adherence and low cf‐PWV at baseline. CPAP and control groups had similar clinic‐laboratorial characteristics. Patients had a mean cf‐PWV of 9.4 ± 1.6 m/s and 33% presented cf‐PWV > 10 m/s. During treatment, the control group had a mean increase in cf‐PWV of +0.43 m/s (95% confidence interval [CI], +0.14 to +0.73 m/s; p = .005), whereas the CPAP group had a mean increase of +0.03 m/s (95% CI, −0.33 to +0.39 m/s; p = .87), resulting in a mean difference in changes between CPAP and control of −0.40 m/s (95% CI, −0.82 to +0.02 m/s; p = .059). Subgroup analyses did not change the results. In conclusion, a 6‐month CPAP treatment did not reduce aortic stiffness, measured by cf‐PWV, in patients with RHT and moderate/severe OSA, but treatment may prevent its progression, in contrast to no‐CPAP therapy.
Prevalence of HCV resistance‐associated substitutions among treatment‐failure patients receiving direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Mao Xianhua , Yu Kangkang , Suo Chen , Jin Li , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong
Published: February 2020

Direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) failure, which is mainly associated with the selection of resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs), is not rare in HCV treatment. RAS data collected from published literature and RAS prevalence were integrated using meta‐analysis. DAA‐failure‐associated RASs were identified by comparing their prevalence between DAA‐failure and DAA‐naïve patients. Prevalences of emerging RASs that occurred during treatment were also estimated. A total of 2932 DAA‐naïve patients and 1466 DAA‐failure patients were included. Significant differences in the prevalence of RASs were found in 76 scenarios that involved 34 RASs (11 in NS3, 18 in NS5A and 5 in NS5B), 4 genotypes (GTs) (GT1a, GT1b and GT3‐4) and 14 DAAs (6 NS3 protease inhibitors [PIs], 6 NS5A inhibitors and 2 NS5B inhibitors). For NS3, the DAA‐failure‐associated RASs included V36L, Y56H, Q80K/R, R155K, A156T and D168A/E/L/T/V/Y. Substitutions at R155 and D168 were dominant for most NS3 PIs. For NS5A, DAA‐failure‐associated RASs included K24R, Q30R, L31M, and P32L in GT1a; R30Q/H, L31F/I/M/V, P58S, and Y93H in GT1b; A30K, L31M and Y93H in GT3; and M31V and Y93H in GT4. Y93H was the most prevalent RAS for NS5A inhibitors. DAA‐failure‐associated RASs were found at only five positions in NS5B. The majority of DAA‐failure patients relapsed. A significant difference was detected for only four RAS sites between relapse patients and nonresponse/breakthrough patients. The RAS prevalence in DAA‐failure patients varied among the HCV GTs and DAA regimens. The identified treatment‐selected resistance patterns for broadly used DAA regimens will enable the selection of optimized retreatment options.
Feeding during the first 3 days after birth other than breast milk is associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Raihan Mohammad Jyoti , Choudhury Nuzhat , Haque Md Ahshanul , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Ali Mohammad , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: February 2020

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has significant effect on morbidity and mortality. EBF is established when breastmilk alone is exclusively fed from birth until 6 months of age. However, feeding during the first 3 days after birth is often ignored for various reasons. We aimed to assess the role of feeding during the first 3 days in respect of early cessation of EBF. Data of 1,040 children aged under 6 months was derived from the baseline survey of Suchana, a large‐scale nutrition program, conducted in Sylhet, Bangladesh, and subsequently analysed. Guidelines established by World Health Organization were used to define EBF and feeding during the first 3 days. The strength of the association between feeding during the first 3 days and early cessation of EBF was established using multiple logistic regression after adjusting for other covariates. Among all children, around 62% and 13% were exclusively breastfed and were fed something other than breastmilk within the first 3 days of birth, respectively. Feeding during the first 3 days was independently and significantly associated with early cessation of breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio: 1.94, 95% confidence interval [1.31, 2.88], p = .001). Less than four antenatal care (ANC) visits, increased child's age and increased household size were also independently associated with early cessation of EBF. Feeding during the first 3 days of birth is a significant predictor of early cessation of EBF. Simple counselling activities to discourage feeding anything within the first few days of birth may increase the prevalence of EBF in rural Bangladesh without investing additional resources.
A critical evaluation of topology optimization results for strut‐and‐tie modeling of reinforced concrete
Authors: Xia Yi , Langelaar Matthijs , Hendriks Max A.N.
Published: February 2020

Defining a suitable truss model is one of the most important steps of applying the strut‐and‐tie modeling (STM) method to design D‐regions in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The truss model is a discrete representation of the stress field developed within a region of a concrete element. Topology optimization (TO) methods have been investigated by researchers for about two decades to generate suitable models for the STM method. Several truss models and numerous continuum TO results that could serve as an inspiration for suitable truss models have been proposed. However, limited attention has been paid to the evaluation of various TO results in the perspective of the STM method. As a result, it is at present unclear to what extent TO results offer a benefit for STM modeling, and which method should be preferred. In order to address this gap, an automatic and objective evaluation procedure is proposed in this paper. First, a TO result extraction method is proposed to systematically convert optimized topologies to truss‐like structures. Next, based on the extracted structures, three evaluation measures are formulated to evaluate TO results. These measures indicate whether an analyzable truss model could be extracted, to which extent tensile stress regions are covered by tensile ties and how economical the design will be. The effectiveness of the proposed evaluation procedure is validated using known STM solutions. Subsequently, the evaluation procedure is applied to 23 TO results from the literature, covering three different design problems. Most TO results show a good performance in covering tensile regions and would result in economical designs, and some undesired topologies are also identified by the evaluation method. Nevertheless, the use of continuum TO is most hampered by difficulties in identifying a suitable truss from the TO results.
Foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hidayat Khemayanto , Du Xuan , Shi Bi‐Min , Qin Li‐Qiang
Published: February 2020

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies was performed to provide a deeper understanding of the associations between foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, obesity, overweight, coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. Both foetal and childhood exposure to famine were positively associated with the risks of T2DM (foetal exposure: RR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.23‐1.52; childhood exposure: RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08‐1.64), metabolic syndrome (RR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.50; RR 1.24, 95% CI, 1.13‐1.35), hypertension (RR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.57; RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.74), hyperglycaemia (RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.11‐1.45; RR 1.25, 95% CI, 1.10‐1.42), dyslipidaemia (RR 1.48, 95% CI, 1.33‐1.66; RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12‐1.45), obesity (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.39; RR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.28), overweight (RR 1.17, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.29; RR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.14), coronary heart disease (RR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.51; RR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.09‐1.35), and moderate‐to‐severe NAFLD (RR 1.66, 95% CI, 1.07‐2.57; RR 1.68, 95% CI, 1.41‐1.99) in adulthood. No association was observed for the risks of stroke or mild NAFLD. Adjustments for age, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity nullified some associations. The associations were generally stronger in women than in men. In summary, foetal and childhood exposure to famine may confer greater risks of developing certain cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood, particularly in women. The extent to which risks for cardiometabolic conditions are associated with early‐life famine appears to be determined by certain factors in adulthood.
What words should we use to talk about weight? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies examining preferences for weight‐related terminology
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M.
Published: February 2020

Evidence of weight stigma and its harmful consequences have led to increased attention to the words that are used to talk about obesity and body weight, including calls for efforts to carefully consider weight‐related terminology and promote respectful language in the obesity and medical fields. Despite increased research studies examining people's preferences for specific words that describe body weight, there has been no systematic review to synthesize existing evidence on perceptions of and preferences for weight‐related terminology. To address this gap, the current systematic review identified 33 studies (23 quantitative, 10 qualitative) that examined people's preferences for weight‐related terminology in the current research literature (from 1999 to 2019). Across studies, findings generally suggest that neutral terminology (eg, “weight” or “unhealthy weight”) is preferred and that words like “obese” and “fat” are least acceptable, particularly in provider‐patient conversations about weight. However, individual variation in language preferences is evident across demographic characteristics like race/ethnicity, gender, and weight status. Of priority is future research that can improve upon the limited diversity of the existing literature, both with respect to sample diversity and the use of culturally relevant weight‐related terminology, which is currently lacking in measurement. Implications for patient‐provider communication and public health communication are discussed.
Network analysis of the depressive symptom profiles in Asian patients with depressive disorders: Findings from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants (REAP‐AD)
Authors: Park Seon‐Cheol , Jang Eun Young , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Kanba Shigenobu , Kato Takahiro A. , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Lin Shih‐Ku , Yang Shu‐Yu , Avasthi Ajit , Grover Sandeep , Kallivayalil Roy A. , Udomratn Pichet , Chee Kok Yoon , Tanra Andi J. , Tan Chay‐Hoon , Sim Kang , Sartorius Norman , Park Yong Chon , Shinfuku Naotaka
Published: February 2020

Aim

We aimed to estimate the network structures of depressive symptoms using network analysis and evaluated the geographic regional differences in theses network structures among Asian patients with depressive disorders.

Methods

Using data from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants (REAP‐AD), the network of the ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria for depressive episode was estimated from 1174 Asian patients with depressive disorders. The node strength centrality of all ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria for a depressive episode was estimated using a community‐detection algorithm. In addition, networks of depressive symptoms were estimated separately among East Asian patients and South or Southeast Asian patients. Moreover, networks were estimated separately among Asian patients from high‐income countries and those from middle‐income countries.

Results

Persistent sadness, fatigue, and loss of interest were the most centrally situated within the network of depressive symptoms in Asian patients with depressive disorders overall. A community‐detection algorithm estimated that when excluding psychomotor disturbance as an outlier, the other nine symptoms formed the largest clinically meaningful cluster. Geographic and economic variations in networks of depressive symptoms were evaluated.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that the typical symptoms of the ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria for depressive episode are the most centrally situated within the network of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, our findings suggested that cultural influences related to geographic and economic distributions of participants could influence the estimated depressive symptom network in Asian patients with depressive disorders.
“Where You Lead, I Will Follow”: Partisan Cueing on High‐Salience Issues in a Turbulent Multiparty System
Authors: Brader Ted , De Sio Lorenzo , Paparo Aldo , Tucker Joshua A.
Published: February 2020

The ability of parties to not only reflect, but actually shape, citizens' preferences on policy issues has been long debated, as it corresponds to a fundamental prediction of classic party identification theory. While most research draws on data from the United States or studies of low‐salience issues, we exploit the unique opportunity presented by the 2013 Italian election, with the four major parties of a clear multiparty setting holding distinct positions on crucial issues of the campaign. Based on an experimental design, we test the impact of party cues on citizens' preferences on high‐salience issues. The results are surprising: Despite a party system in flux (with relevant new parties) and a weakening of traditional party identities, we find large, significant partisan‐cueing effects in all the three experimental issues, and for voters of all the major Italian parties—both old and new, governmental and opposition, ideologically clear or ambiguous.
Integrating Minority Stress Theory and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide among Sexual Minority Youth Who Engage Crisis Services
Authors: Fulginiti Anthony , Goldbach Jeremy T. , Mamey Mary Rose , Rusow Joshua , Srivastava Ankur , Rhoades Harmony , Schrager Sheree M. , Bond David W. , Marshal Michael P.
Published: February 2020

Objective

The present study sought to integrate minority stress theory (MST) and the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) to better understand high rates of suicide among sexual minority youth (SMY). To date, the ITS and MST have largely advanced independently from one another even though the research base for each theory contains gaps that the other theory may help fill.

Method

Using data from a national sample of 564 SMY (aged 12–24) recruited from an LGBTQ youth‐focused suicide crisis prevention provider, we examined structural equation models to understand how perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness mediate the relationship between minority stress and suicidal ideation and attempt.

Results

Sexual minority stress was significantly associated with both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in models predicting suicidal ideation and attempt. Moreover, minority stress had a direct effect on suicide attempt and an indirect effect on both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt through burdensomeness.

Conclusions

Given that minority stress is associated with greater thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicide attempts, there should be greater demand for continuing education centered on sexual minority populations and population‐specific services. Identifying burdensomeness as a minority stress–suicide mechanism highlights the potential gains of piloting recently developed burdensomeness interventions among SMY.
Examining and developing fourth grade children’s area estimation performance
Authors: Eames Cheryl L. , Barrett Jeffrey E. , Cullen Craig J. , Rutherford George , Klanderman David , Clements Douglas H. , Sarama Julie , Van Dine Douglas W.
Published: February 2020

This study explored children’s area estimation performance. Two groups of fourth grade children completed area estimation tasks with rectangles ranging from 5 to 200 square units. A randomly assigned treatment group completed instructional sessions that involved a conceptual area measurement strategy along with numerical feedback. Children tended to underestimate areas of rectangles. Furthermore, rectangle size was related to performance such that estimation error and variability increased as rectangle size increased. The treatment group exhibited significantly improved area estimation performance in terms of accuracy, as well as reduced variability and instances of extreme responses. Area measurement estimation findings are related to a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory for area measurement.
A review of research on science instruction for students with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Taylor Jonte' C. , Rizzo Karen L. , Hwang Jiwon , Hill Doris
Published: February 2020

Understanding science concepts and phenomena is important for an increasingly complex global society. For students with disabilities, there continue to be huge achievement disparities in science achievement when compared to their peers without disabilities. This includes students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study examines and analyzes published research on science and science‐related achievement for students with ASD. The authors reviewed characteristics of the research related to science achievement for students with ASD from 2000 through 2018 and analyzed included data to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions included in the studies. Implications for research and teaching are discussed.
Conceptualizations of slope in Mexican intended curriculum
Authors: Dolores Flores Crisólogo , Rivera López Martha Iris , Moore‐Russo Deborah
Published: February 2020

Slope is a fundamental mathematics concept in middle and high school that transcends to the university level. An understanding of slope is needed at the university level since slope plays an important role in understanding problems involving variation and change. In this study Mexican curricula documents were examined to determine which conceptualizations of slope are addressed in the intended mathematics curriculum. To explain the results, we use conceptualizations of slope identified in previous research. Our findings reveal that, to a certain extent, the conceptualizations proposed in the Mexican intended mathematics curriculum differ slightly in terms of the emphasis and timing of instruction from what others have identified in the U.S., with slope as a geometric ratio receiving less emphasis in the Mexican curriculum. There was also noted discontinuity within the Mexican curriculum in introducing slope in grade 9 and subsequently introducing of linear functions in grade 10 without explicit mention of slope. Suggestions are made for future studies, both to consider the conceptualizations of slope promoted in the Mexican textbooks and the impact they have in classroom instruction and student learning of slope.
Chorophorics in the Aquilan Dialect
Authors: Ursini Francesco‐Alessio , Long Haiping
Published: February 2020

This article outlines the properties of chorophorics (“spatial pronouns”) in the Italian dialect Aquilan. It is shown that chorophorics (e.g.pe'nfronte‘to in front (of the ground)’) display similar morphological properties to spatial prepositions (e.g.‘nfronte alla machina‘in front of the car’). However, they differ in their syntactic distribution and their semantic interpretation in intra‐ and inter‐clausal structures, because of their anaphoric nature. An outline of the data is offered, and an analysis of chorophorics’ lexical and anaphoric potentials is defined via a minimal fragment of Discourse Representation Theory combined with a Lexical Syntax account. The article also offers general considerations on the nature of chorophorics and the relevance of dialectal data on cross‐linguistic research.
Implicit Bias and Discrimination
Authors: Berndt Rasmussen Katharina
Published: February 2020

Recent social‐psychological research suggests that a considerable amount of, for example, racial and gendered discrimination may be connected to implicit biases: mental processes beyond our direct control or endorsement, that influence our behaviour toward members of socially salient groups. In this article I seek to improve our understanding of the phenomenon of implicit bias, including its moral status, by examining it through the lens of a theory of discrimination. In doing so, I also suggest ways to improve this theory of discrimination, by creating conceptual space for implicit bias discrimination. I explore two ways of distinguishing direct and indirect discrimination and spell out the resulting four different forms of discrimination. The resulting taxonomy provides some room for implicit bias discrimination. I also deal with four challenges to my proposal for capturing implicit bias within discrimination theory: the metaphysical challenge, the moral insignificance challenge, the causal connection challenge, and the challenge from irreducibly collective bias.
Reweaving urban water‐community relations: Creative, participatory river “daylighting” and local hydrocitizenship
Authors: McEwen Lindsey , Gorell Barnes Luci , Phillips Katherine , Biggs Iain
Published: February 2020

Framed by questions about “hydrocitizenship” in the 21st century, this co‐produced, interdisciplinary arts and humanities‐centred research explores the (re)weaving of local knowledges, experiences, perceptions, and values of water and place through the concept, process, and practice of “daylighting hidden rivers.” Located at the nexus of three theoretical frames – “participation,” “hydrocitizenship,” and “daylighting,” it engages reflexively with strong and weak “hydrocitizenship” and with paradigms of ‘daylighting.’ Working with diverse communities and organisations in South Bristol (UK), this eco‐social research project discovered community concerns and needs, and positioned itself in relation to these in co‐production. This involved older people, children, and professional stakeholders in a place‐specific, “catchment” setting, using novel arts‐led, creative, narrative mapping processes. We critically examined the value, opportunities, and tensions of this multi‐method approach to people's past, present, and future connections and relationships with their local (water) environment, their senses of self and community. Our iterative processes of seeking out “lesser heard” voices were conceived and played out around a braided cascade of “openings”: emerging, connecting, enacting, imagining, and reflecting. Thinking critically about our oblique, emergent processes, we identify 15 “top tips” concerning the creative participatory daylighting of lay knowledges and values, and “river visioning.” These can inform co‐working with communities to enable and empower citizen engagement with places and local water issues for resilient futures. Our findings contribute new understandings of “hydrocitizenship” and creative participatory “daylighting” in combination, when urban spaces are construed as “water cities,” cascading both water and narratives. Importantly, our co‐production processes with lesser heard groups also exemplify “higher‐order participation” in co‐visioning resilient futures, with all the messiness, complexity, and conflicts exposed.
The impact of single windows on trade
Authors: Martínez‐Zarzoso Inmaculada , Chelala Santiago
Published: February 2020

This paper is the first that quantifies the impact of single windows (SWs) on international trade globally. SWs function as a single point of entry and exit of the goods traded internationally and are therefore intended to facilitate trade. Using a structural gravity model for a panel of 176 countries from 1995 to 2017, we apply a log–log and a Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimator (PPML) with multidimensional fixed effects to evaluate the extent to which export and import flows vary depending on whether or not countries have operational SWs. The main results from the linearised gravity model suggest that total trade between two countries with functioning SWs increases by about 37%, of which 23 corresponds to exports and 14 to imports. The result from the PPML estimation also indicates a positive and significant effect, which is however much smaller in magnitude.
Impact of radiation dose and pre‐treatment pain levels on survival in dogs undergoing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for presumed extremity osteosarcoma
Authors: Nolan Michael W. , Green Noah A. , DiVito Elizabeth M. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Haney Siobhan M.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this bi‐institutional retrospective study was to determine whether survival for dogs with extremity osteosarcoma (OS) is improved through the use of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT; a single fraction of 25 Gy, or 36 Gy total given in three consecutive daily fractions) plus chemotherapy, vs lower dose conventionally planned and delivered hypofractionated radiotherapy (CHRT; 14‐20 Gy total in 1‐2 consecutive daily fractions) plus chemotherapy. We also sought to determine whether baseline pain severity influences oncologic outcomes following radiotherapy for canine extremity OS. The medical records of 82 dogs undergoing radiotherapy for confirmed or presumed OS were reviewed. In dogs receiving combinations of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, survival was significantly longer with SRT vs CHRT (median overall survival time: 350 vs 147 days; P = .031). In a univariate analysis, dogs with pulmonary metastases and high pain at the time of irradiation had short overall survival times; use of high radiation doses and chemotherapy were associated with improved survival. Separate multivariable models were built to assess the predictive nature of various factors that might influence event‐free or overall survival in dogs treated with radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy; for dogs treated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, overall survival times were significantly longer when baseline pain scores were ‘low’ (vs ‘high’; hazard ratio: 0.258; P = .030), radiation doses were high (hazard ratio: 0.943; P = .034). Neither pain nor radiation dose were associated with survival in dogs treated with radiotherapy, without chemotherapy.
Formación de cultura ambiental desde el enfoque de ciclo de vida: una propuesta pedagógica para la sostenibilidad
Authors: Calderón Cuartas Paola Andrea , Osorio Viana Wilmar , Naranjo Vasco Javier Mauricio , Guzmán Hernández Tomás De Jesús
Published: February 2020

Con el objetivo de analizar el potencial de la articulación entre el enfoque de ciclo de vida y la educación ambiental para generar procesos formativos que arraiguen a mediano plazo una cultura ambiental, se realizó un ejercicio reflexivo de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo que relacionó tres temáticas: la producción y el consumo sostenible, el enfoque de ciclo de vida y la educación ambiental. De esta forma se llevó a cabo un desarrollo teórico sobre la importancia del enfoque de ciclo de vida para la toma de consciencia ambiental, que permita el trabajo individual y colectivo de diferentes actores sociales e institucionales en la prevención y resolución de los problemas ambientales que surgen por los procesos insostenibles de producción, consumo y posconsumo. Se concluye que la articulación entre el enfoque de ciclo de vida y la educación ambiental es clave para la configuración de estrategias pedagógicas que den origen a procesos participativos de gestión ambiental basados en una cultura ambiental a nivel territorial.
Indicadores ambientales y desempeño ambiental: Colombia en el índice de desempeño ambiental (EPI) (2006-2014)
Authors: González Ana María , Echeverry-Galvis María Angela
Published: February 2020

Las bases de datos nacionales no solo son importantes por la visión sintética que brindan sobre escenarios ambientales, sino también por la identificación de vacíos de información. A nivel internacional, por su parte, las bases de datos permiten evaluar a los países sobre estándares comunes. Siguiendo el índice de desempeño ambiental (EPI), analizamos para Colombia las bases de datos que alimentan la mayoría de los parámetros y datos de recopilación, a la vez que evaluamos su disponibilidad. Encontramos que la mayor parte de la información está en dos repositorios nacionales, con problemas relacionados con la disponibilidad, el acceso a series temporales y a datos sin procesar, acompañado del hecho de que algunos indicadores EPI no se reflejan en ninguna de las bases de datos primarias o no tienen datos para el análisis. Si bien el país está involucrado y tiene un fuerte compromiso con la agenda ambiental internacional, todavía faltan fuentes de información nacionales abiertas y confiables que puedan apoyar un programa de monitoreo basado en índices internacionales, como el EPI.
Prácticas y usos de los residuos pecuarios de productores familiares en un valle de la Patagonia argentina
Authors: Ejarque Mercedes , Barrionuevo Myrian Elisabeth , Zanovello Lucas , Bartucci Sandra Lorena
Published: February 2020

La problemática de los residuos tiene una creciente importancia en los espacios rurales, en el marco de procesos globales como la crisis alimentaria, la degradación ambiental y las transformaciones agrarias recientes. Aunque hay manuales para la gestión integral, en espacios donde coexisten actividades rurales y urbanas y con respecto a producciones de menor escala, los modos de gestionar los residuos agropecuarios son menos conocidos. Esta investigación tomó como caso de estudio la producción ganadera familiar en un valle de la Patagonia argentina; en ella se identificaron prácticas, usos y posibles alternativas de tratamiento de los residuos pecuarios. Se realizaron encuestas a pequeños productores, entrevistas a informantes clave y observaciones participantes. Los resultados evidencian que los residuos se aprovechan de manera parcial y existen diversas barreras para desarrollar tratamientos con menores impactos ambientales. Sin embargo, este estudio brinda herramientas para desarrollar estrategias de gestión adecuadas para este tipo de productores y promover producciones más sustentables.
Caracterización del Programa Familia Canguro
Authors: Alvarez Tobón Verónica Andrea , Barrientos Gómez Juan Guillermo , Ocampo Yepes Maria Camila , Palacio Velasquez Maria Alejandra , Arenas Sierra María Paula
Published: February 2020

Introducción: El Método Madre Canguro (MMC) es una alternativa de cuidado neonatal para el recién nacido pretérmino o de bajo peso al nacer. Se realiza ambulatoriamente basado en el contacto piel a piel entre cuidador y recién nacido, junto con la implementación de lactancia materna exclusiva, medidas esenciales para mejorar la calidad de vida de dicha población. Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de la población perteneciente al Programa Familia Canguro en un hospital de alta complejidad de la Ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) durante el periodo 2015-2016. Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron neonatos prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer pertenecientes al Programa Familia Canguro entre 2015 y 2016. Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedades congénitas o cuyas madres no podían dar lactancia materna por fallecimiento o cualquier condición que las incapacitara para ello. Resultados: La edad materna promedio fue de 26 años, y el 47 % eran amas de casa; la enfermedad más común durante el embarazo fue la preeclampsia. La gran mayoría de los bebés canguro eran del sexo masculino (51,1 %), con un peso promedio al nacer de 2195; el 60 % de los niños tenía lactancia materna exclusiva al ingreso del programa, y un porcentaje menos amplio (34 %) complementaba la lactancia con leche de fórmula. Conclusiones: La población perteneciente al Programa Familia Canguro demostró tener características sociodemográficas similares a las reportadas en otras investigaciones; sin embargo, se presentaron estrategias de salud pública particulares para responder a las necesidades de esta población.
Perspectiva de profesionales de salud sobre la violencia de la pareja en el embarazo
Authors: Lafaurie Villamil María Mercedes , Ramírez Romero María Luisa
Published: February 2020

Introducción: La violencia de pareja (VP) durante el embarazo afecta los derechos de las gestantes y causa serias complicaciones para la madre o su hijo por nacer. El personal de salud puede enfrentar esta realidad mediante un adecuado proceso de detección y atención. Objetivo: Explorar la perspectiva de profesionales de salud de la Unidad de Servicios de Salud Usaquén, de Bogotá, sobre la VP en el embarazo. Método: Estudio cualitativo, entre marzo y diciembre de 2016. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales con la participación de 38 profesionales. El análisis se desarrolló con apoyo del software ATLAS.ti 7. Resultados: La corta edad y la carencia de recursos y redes de apoyo perpetúa la VP. Los participantes sugieren la intervención de equipos multidisciplinarios coordinados en la detección y atención biopsicosocial de la problemática, construir ambientes de contención emocional a las usuarias, empoderarlas para el ejercicio de derechos y capacitar al personal de salud en el manejo de la problemática. Discusión: Para el personal de salud es imperioso saber enfrentar esta realidad, de manera que las mujeres salgan fortalecidas. La inclusión de una mirada de género y derechos es una necesidad a la hora de abordar la VP en los contextos de la salud. Conclusiones: Para un cambio de condiciones se requiere: a) trabajo multidisciplinario coordinado, b) ambientes amigables, c) atención humanizada a la gestante, d) reducción de la revictimización y e) capacitación al personal de salud para la intervención en VP.
Effect of Polymer Coating on Vapor Condensation Heat Transfer
Authors: Budakli Mete , Salem Thamer Khalif , Arik Mehmet , Donmez Barca , Menceloglu Yusuf
Published: February 2020

Condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) are rather low compared to thin film evaporation. Therefore, it can be a limiting factor for designing heat transfer equipment. In this work, heat transfer characteristics of water vapor condensation phenomena were experimentally studied on a vertically aligned smooth copper substrate for a range of pressures and temperatures for two different liquid wettability conditions. The heat transfer performance is dominated by the phase change process at the solid–vapor interface along with the liquid formation mechanism. Compared to heat transfer results measured at an untreated copper surface, heat transport is augmented with a thin layer of perfluoro-silane coating over the same substrate. In this work, the effect of saturation pressure on the condensation process at both surfaces has been investigated by analyzing heat transfer coefficients. The results obtained experimentally show an increase in contact angle (CA) with the surface coating. A heat transfer augmentation of about 26% over uncoated surfaces was obtained and surfaces did not show any degradation after 40 h of operation. Finally, current results are compared with heat transfer values reported in open literature.
Effects of Two-Temperature, Rotation, Initial Stressed Magnetic Field on Rayleigh Wave in Half-Plane
Authors: Sharma Heena , Kumari Sangeeta
Published: February 2020

In the present paper, we consider the governing equation for generalized thermoelastic media under the effect of magnetic fleld, rotation, initial stress, and two-temperature parameter for Rayleigh wave in half-space. The secular equation of Rayleigh wave is also deduced using surface wave solution, which also satisfy the radiation condition for thermally insulated/isothermal surface. The velocity and amplitude attenuation factor of Rayleigh wave is also computed for a particular material. The effect of two-temperature, rotation, and initial stress parameters on velocity of propagation and amplitude attenuation factor is shown graphically.
Asymmetric Conduction in an Infinite Functionally Graded Cylinder: Two-Dimensional Exact Analytical Solution Under General Boundary Conditions
Authors: Delouei Amin Amiri , Emamian Amin , Karimnejad Sajjad , Sajjadi Hasan , Jing Dengwei
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on using an analytical method to obtain an exact solution for a long cylindrical vessel made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). Heat conduction equations are assumed to be in both radial and circumferential directions. The conduction coefficients are considered as different power-law functions of the radius. The general linear boundary conditions are adopted to make the solution applicable to the full range of problems. The obtained solution is successfully validated. Through solving illustrative test examples, the effects of material constants and boundary conditions on temperature distribution are studied. The obtained formulation can be utilized for tailoring of FGM based on the actual sophisticated thermal boundary conditions in the production process. The current analytical findings can help to manage the temperature distribution in FGMs which is an essential parameter in controlling the thermal stresses.
Brain Computer Interface Classifiers for Semi-Autonomous Wheelchair Using Fuzzy Logic Optimization
Authors: Nandikolla Vidya K. , Van Leeuwen Travis
Published: February 2020

A brain–computer interface (BCI)-based controller bridges the gap between smart wheelchairs and physically impaired persons with severe conditions. This paper presents the design of a hybrid BCI controller with six classifiers using an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset to detect hand motor imagery (MI) and jaw electromyography (EMG) signals. A BCI controller and semi-autonomous system is developed to control a smart wheelchair in conjunction with its semi-autonomous capabilities. For data acquisition, an openvibe system and a commercial grade EEG headset are used. A multiple common spatial pattern (CSP) filter and Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier system is used to process and classify the user's brain activity. To convert the classifier data into a signal that is compatible with the semi-autonomous wheelchair system, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is integrated in LabVIEW. Subjects are trained to use the BCI system and the classifier profiles are optimized for each user and the results are analyzed for this study. The openvibe “Replay” script and recorded training data are used to evaluate the performance of the controller scheme. For each subject, positive, negative, and false-positive executions are recorded. During the initial testing phase, the positive rates for subjects were strong, but false-positive rates were too high to be used. Therefore, the design is iterated by changing the rules of the FLC and configuration of the LabVIEW script. The configuration with the best positive rates for turn executions is chosen where the average positive rate for turning is 0.68 for subject 1 and 0.64 for subject 2.
A new species of the genus Lepidocunaxoides (Acariformes: Cunaxidae) with an updated diagnosis of the genus

Authors: Chen Jian-xin , Guo Jian-jun , Yi Tian-ci , Jin Dao-chao
Published: February 2020

The genus Lepidocunaxoides (Acariformes: Cunaxidae) is recorded for the first time from China and the generic diagnosis is revised on the basis of both sexes of a new species, Lepidocunaxoides bomiensis Chen & Jin sp. nov.. The new species differs from the known species Lepidocunaxoides robustus Kalúz & Ermilov, 2019 by follows: palpal tibiotarsus claw unbranched apically and tibiotarsus with a proximal bifurcated seta; cheliceral seta and adoral setae absent; propodosomal shield concave anteromedially; tibia II with one bsl. Cunaxoides neopectinatus Shiba, 1978 is transferred to Lepidocunaxoides based on the generic concept.
A new species of Dicondyla (Acari, Oribatida, Otocepheidae) from China, with discussion on taxonomic status and a key to species of the genus

Authors: Zheng Li-hao , Chen Jun
Published: February 2020

The taxonomic status of the genus Dicondyla is discussed, and it is removed from the synonymy of Dolicheremaeus. Dicondyla fossalis sp. nov., is described from litter in Yunnan Province of China. It differs from other known species of this genus by the shorter notogastral seta la pressed into a groove on notogastral surface, compared to the other notogastral setae. An identification key to all known species of Dicondyla is given.