bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of student voice on teacher professional learning: A systematic literature review
Authors: Santos Ieda M. , Amatullah Tasneem , Agbenyega Joseph , de Souza Dayse Neri
Published: November 2024

Student voice has the potential to prompt changes in teaching and foster teacher development; however, it is underutilised in teacher professional learning. Research on its impact is emerging, and a systematic review is needed to identify trends and themes. This review investigates current trends and themes in the influence of student voice on teacher learning from 2012 to 2023 within K‐12 education. Analysis of 19 empirical papers revealed irregular patterns of publications, a predominant emphasis on secondary education, and qualitative methodologies. Participatory research designs emerged as practical approaches, engaging teachers in inquiry processes and collaboration. Student feedback led to a transformative process for many teachers, prompting them to reflect and change their practice. Supportive school structures and leadership are emphasised for embedding student feedback in classrooms, engaging teachers and students in collaboration, and overcoming obstacles. This review demonstrated that when student voice is valued and acted upon, it can stimulate teacher development. A proposed model for teacher development incorporating student voice consists of three interconnected levels—school leadership support, collaborative practice and learning outcomes—ultimately contributing to overall school improvement. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Constraint‐Driven Multilane Merging Control for Underactuated Connected and Automated Vehicle System With Mismatched Uncertainty
Authors: Yang Qinwen , Li Jiawen , Xiao Gang , Li Xueyun , Ren Linjie , Huang Jin
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the merging control for underactuated connected and automated vehicle (CAV) systems with mismatched uncertainty. The objective is to guarantee the safe and prescribed dynamic performance of the system during multilane merging. For CAV multidimensional motions, a strongly coupled vehicle dynamics with time‐varying uncertainties is constructed. For the nominal system, the control objectives are designed as system constraints, with equality constraints guaranteeing merging and time‐varying inequality constraints guaranteeing dynamic performance bounds. Based on the diffeomorphism method and bounded constraint, the system constraints are reconstructed to a unified representation. Combining system constraints and underactuated structure, the nominal controller is derived based on constraint‐following. For the uncertain system, the uncertainty is decomposed into matched and mismatched portions by orthogonal decomposition. The adaptive robust controller is designed based only on matched uncertainty. Through Lyapunov minimax analysis, the control renders the errors uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results show that merging and platooning are effectively achieved with the proposed control. The system has excellent transient and steady state performance even in the presence of time‐varying uncertainties.
Plant Agrobiodiversity, Agricultural and Phytosanitary Practices of Market Garden Crops in the Centre‐East Region of Burkina Faso
Authors: Zerbo Issouf , Dabiré Kounbo , Kaboré Sibiry Albert , Sawadogo Constant Martin , Thiombiano Adjima
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In West Africa, market gardeners use various agricultural practices to increase yields. However, many of these practices do not comply with agroecological standards and cause intoxication, pollution, soil degradation and biodiversity loss. This study characterizes the plant agrobiodiversity of market garden crops grown during the rainy season and the agricultural and phytosanitary practices used for their management.

Materials and Methods

The study was carried out in Burkina Faso. Plant agrobiodiversity was assessed in 100 market gardens. Agricultural and phytosanitary practices were characterized using semi‐structured interviews. A Sankey diagram was used to highlight the relationships among market garden crops, bioaggressors and diseases. Principal component analyses were applied to highlight the agricultural and phytosanitary practices used.

Results

The results revealed rich agrobiodiversity, including 16 market garden crops, 15 local agroforestry species, 17 planted species and 37 weed species. The main market garden crops grown in the rainy season were cabbage (20.30%), lettuce (16.62%), tomato (11.69%), and amaranth (10.15%). The most frequent agroforestry species were Azadirachta indica (18.20%) and Mangifera indica (15.03%). The most common weeds were Eleusine indica (11.02%) and Cyperus reduncus (9.70%). Eleven pests were identified, and the most frequently recorded were caterpillars (39.06%). Sixteen diseases were reported, the most common being leaf yellowing (15.67%) and leaf wilt (11.67%). Numerous market gardeners use mineral fertilizers such as Yaramila (NPK 23‐10‐5), NPK (14‐23‐14), urea (46.00% nitrogen), and liquid fertilizer as well as compost and organic manure. The most common agricultural practice was crop rotation (79.00%). To protect crops, 89.00% of producers used synthetic chemical pesticides in an uncontrolled manner, most of which are purchased on the local market. Only 11.00% of the market gardeners practiced the natural phytosanitary treatments.

Conclusion

This study provides important information that can be used for the sustainable management of market gardens. Agroecological standards should be popularized to ensure food security for market garden crops.
Drug Efficacy Estimation for Follow‐on Companion Diagnostic Devices Through External Studies
Authors: Sun Jiarui , Hu Wenjie , Zhou Xiao‐Hua
Published: November 2024

A therapeutic product is usually not suitable for all patients but for only a subpopulation. The safe and effective use of such a therapeutic product requires the co‐approval of a companion diagnostic device which can be used to identify suitable patients. While the first‐of‐a‐kind companion diagnostic device is often developed in conjunction with its intended therapeutic product and simultaneously validated through a randomized clinical trial, there remains room for the innovation of new and improved follow‐on companion diagnostic devices designed for the same therapeutic product. However, conducting a new randomized trial or a bridging study for the follow on companion devices may be unethical, expensive or unpractical. Hence, there arises a need for an external study to evaluate the concordance between the FDA‐approved comparator companion diagnostic device (CCD) and the subsequent follow‐on companion diagnostic devices (FCD), indirectly validating the latter. In this article, we introduce a novel external study design, referred to as the targeted treatment design, as an extension of the existing concordance design. Additionally, we present corresponding statistical analysis methods. Our approach combines the CCD randomized trial data and the FCD external study data, enabling the estimation of drug efficacy within the FCD+ and FCD‐ subpopulations—the parameters crucial for the validation of the FCD. Theoretical results and simulation studies validate the proposed methods and we further illustrate the proposed methods through an application in a real example of non‐small‐cell lung cancer.
What Limits the Stability Performance of Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting?
Authors: Jiang Lan , Zhang Jin , Chen Jinwei , Dong Changxue , Tan Han , Chen Qiuyan , Zhang Jie , Chen Xianchun , Wang Ruilin
Published: November 2024

Although many researches have been reported about the high performance of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) photoanode, but it is still limited by poor stability. In this work, PCN nanosheets photoanode is used as a platform to investigate the sources of this issue. Through a combination of photoelectrochemical, X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Potentiostatic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (PIES) measurements, it is shown that amounts of C═O bonds will form on the surface of PCN photoanodes, which limited the separation of the photogenerated carriers. To solve this problem, the TiO2 is deposited on PCN photoanode (named as PCN/TiO2) to improve the stability. And the PEC water splitting studies revealed that the stability of PCN/TiO2 photoanode is improved significantly as its photocurrent density can still maintain 90% after 3 h of reaction. This study provides a new way to understand the mechanism for the performance decrease of PCN photoanode and hope to inspire more powerful strategies to improve PCN photoanode stability.
Strain Effects and Crystalline‐Amorphous Interface of NiFe‐LDH@S‐NiFeOx/NF with Heterogeneous Structure for Enhancing Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Water‐Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Huan , Sun Xiao , Ding Lingtong , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Dan , Liu Minmin , Wang Xiao , Zhang Qixian , Zhang Jiujun
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical water‐electrolysis for hydrogen generation often requires more energy due to the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This work introduces a double‐layered nanoflower catalyst, NiFe‐LDH@S‐NiFeOx/NF, featuring a crystalline NiFe‐LDH coating on amorphous S‐NiFeOx on nickel foam. Strategically integrating a crystalline‐amorphous (c‐a) heterostructure leverages strain engineering to enhance OER activity with low overpotentials (η100 = 220 and η500 = 245 mV) and stability (135 h at η100 and 80 h at η500). Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the compressive strain can optimize the adsorption of oxygen‐containing intermediates to reduce the reaction energy barrier, thus improving the reaction kinetics and performance of OER. Moreover, its phosphated derivative, NiFeP@S‐NiFeOx/NF, exhibits high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance (η10 = 64 mV, η100 = 187 mV). An alkaline water‐electrolysis cell of NiFeP@S‐NiFeOx/NF(−)||NiFe‐LDH@S‐NiFeOx/NF(+) requires only a cell voltage of 1.77 V at 100 mA cm−2, demonstrating excellent stability over 110 h (at both 10 and 100 mA cm−2). This work highlights the benefits of integrating crystal‐amorphous interfaces and strain effects, offering insights into the understanding and optimizing catalytic OER mechanism and advancing water‐electrolysis technology.
XAIP: An eXplainable AI‐Based Pipeline for Identifying Key Factors of Surface Defects in Strip Steel
Authors: Qian Jinchuan , Deng Long , Zhang Xuerui , Pi Songyan , Song Zhihuan , Zhang Xinmin
Published: November 2024

The surface defect has a direct impact on the performance and quality of the final product, so it is crucial to identify the key factors causing the defect. To achieve accurate key factor identification, an eXplainable AI‐based Pipeline (XAIP) is proposed herein. The proposed XAIP combines data mode clustering and local model construction to meet practical application requirements. Meanwhile, after analyzing the characteristics of practical data, a strategy for defect rate calculation is designed to provide more fine‐grained defect‐related information to supervise model training. The final identification results are presented by a two‐stage explainable method, which is designed to reveal the information of data modes and key variables and can give engineers more specific defect‐related information. The experiment results based on two practical manufacturing datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Clustered VCoCOx Nanosheets Anchored on MXene–Ti3C2@NF as a Superior Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Wenxin , Tao Yourong , Xu Lulu , Ye Ruilong , Yang Peng , Zhu Junjie , Jiang Liping , Wu Xingcai
Published: November 2024

Ti3C2, one typical MXene, has great potential to be coupled with various transition metals. Herein, a novel and effective catalyst is developed by synergistically loading VCoCOx onto Ti3C2‐modified nickel foam (VCoCOx–Ti3C2@NF). Field emission scanning electron microscope and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy are employed to characterize the morphology and structure. As expected, the catalyst optimized by response surface methodology attains overpotentials of 290 and 64 mV and Tafel slopes of 82 and 79 mV dec−1 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. By using the bifunctional VCoCOx–Ti3C2@NF catalyst, the water splitting current density achieves 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte at cell voltage of 1.52 V, comparable with the noble metal electrolyzer Pt@C@NF||RuO2@NF (1.57 V). Furthermore, the resulting catalyst exhibits excellent cycling durability after 120 h of continuous catalysis, which retains 103.8% and 105.4% of potential (V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) for OER and HER, respectively. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the Gibbs free energy barriers for the OER and HER intermediates are reduced due to the integration of VCoCOx with Ti3C2@NF. The fabricated VCoCOx–Ti3C2@NF catalyst is a promising electrochemical material for clean energy production.
IG‐YOLOv8: Insulator Guardian Based on YOLO for Insulator Fault Detection
Authors: Li Shenwang , Wang Minjie , Zhou Yuyang , Su Qiuren , Liu Li , Wu Thomas
Published: November 2024

Insulators have an extremely important role in transmission lines, and they are important components for ensuring the safe operation of transmission lines. In order to solve the difficult problem of insulator fault detection under complex background, IG‐YOLOv8 insulator fault detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, the Wise‐IoU (WIoU) loss function is introduced to mitigate the adverse impact of low‐quality images by employing a dynamic non‐monotonic focusing mechanism, thereby enhancing the detection performance of the entire model. Second, a novel C2f network is constructed by integrating the receptive field coordination attention (RFCA) convolutional module to address the parameter‐sharing issue associated with large convolutional kernels. Additionally, the data set has been reorganized using k‐fold cross‐validation to ensure that each subset undergoes training and testing, consequently reducing generalization errors. Finally, a deformable attention (DA) mechanism is employed to augment the feature extraction capability pertaining to insulator fault region information. In order to evaluate the detection performance of the improved IG‐YOLOv8 algorithm, this study constructed an insulator target detection data set containing four fault types: Normal, Defect, Dirty, and Aging. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the improved model is increased from 89.7% to 96.9%, and the Recall value of the Aging type insulator is increased from 71.8% to 89.1%. The occurrence of missed detection is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of detection is improved. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Text Detection on Industrial Barrel Label with Convolutional Attention and Dual‐Branch Feature Network
Authors: Wang Ling , Zhang Jing , Wang Peng , Bai Yane
Published: November 2024

Industrial barrel labels generally have low visual contrast, uneven lighting, and cluttered background, making it challenging to accurately locate text regions. This paper proposes a text detection network to solve the inaccurate localization problem based on DBNet. First, a convolutional attention mechanism is applied to the feature extraction network to get more valuable text feature maps. Then, a dual‐branch convolutional feature module is proposed in the feature pyramid to enrich contextual information. Besides, during the probability map generation stage, using a feature remodeling enhancement module to further distinguish text and text boundaries. This paper designs comparative experiments on ILTD, ICDAR2015 and MSRA‐TD500 datasets, achieve F‐measure of 92.3%, 86.0% and 84.1%, which are 2.2%, 2.3%, and 1.9% higher than DBNet, respectively. They demonstrate that our proposed method exhibits competitive performance and strong robustness. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
One‐step synthesis of GO/AgNPs nanocomposite for diverse antimicrobial applications
Authors: Lan Nguyen Thi , Huong Chu Thi Lan , Kien Pham The , Van Nguyen Toan , Tam Le Thi
Published: November 2024

Due to its diverse application potential, graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles (GO/AgNPs) nanocomposite material is currently under active research and scrutiny by scientists. This research synthesized the nanocomposite based on GO and AgNPs using a one‐step method with ascorbic acid's environment‐friendly reducing agent. Results indicated that the generated AgNPs, with a mean size of 20.3 nm, were deposited evenly upon the GO sheets' surface despite the absence of a stabilizer. The structural and chemical characteristics of GO/AgNP nanocomposites were studied using X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, and Raman analyses. The nanocomposites' antibacterial efficacy was tested with Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive). At a focus of 16 µg/L, the GO/AgNPs sample exhibited a width of inhibition zones (ZOI) of about 10 mm in diameter, larger than that of the AgNPs sample at a threefold higher concentration. These results show that the synthesized GO/AgNPs nanocomposite maintains and enhances its antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it holds promise as a safe and cost‐effective material resource for biomedicine or environmental treatment purposes.
Synthesis and characterization of Nd‐TiO2 and Nd‐ZnO nanostructures for photocatalytic degradation of textile wastewater
Authors: Lal Manmohan , Chander Subhash , Sharma Praveen , Ram Chhotu
Published: November 2024

This study was executed on textile wastewater degradation using laboratory‐prepared Nd‐TiO2 and Nd‐ZnO nanostructures by sol–gel and hydrothermal ultrasonication methods, respectively. The synthesized nano‐photocatalysts were fully characterized using XRD, FE‐SEM/EDX, FT‐IR, and UV‐DRS. The XRD analysis shows that TiO2 crystalline size with Nd doping is 6.14 nm with only the anatase phase, whereas ZnO is 29.59 nm. DRS spectra show that the energy band gap of the doped TiO2 nanostructure was 3.16 eV, whereas, in the case of the Nd‐ZnO nanostructure, it was 3.19 eV, which further indicates more photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic application for textile wastewater degradation was tested regarding biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. The maximum degradation of textile wastewater at dilution 1:9 was observed to be 96% and 91% for Nd‐TiO2 and 89% and 87% for Nd‐ZnO under UV and solar irradiations, respectively, with the optimized catalyst dose of 0.2 g/L (Nd‐TiO2) and 0.3 g/L (Nd‐ZnO) at a pH of 7.52. The recyclability shows a slight decrease in efficiency throughout five cycles. The photocatalytic activity of Nd‐TiO2 was higher due to the favorable band gap and smaller crystallite size. The findings indicate that solar light may be a long‐term, cost‐effective renewable source for large‐scale wastewater treatment.
Intelligent adaptive nonlinear autoregressive eXogeneous neuro‐structure for ferromagnetic Powell‐Eyring fluidic involving cubic autocatalysis chemical reaction
Authors: Khan Maryam Pervaiz , Chang Chuan‐Yu , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The scope of artificial intelligence in the field of fluid mechanics has been expanded with the development sophisticated technology to enhance the efficiency, reliability, solve complexities, introduced alternate transformation and enabling more dependable solutions with their analysis. The goal of this study is to investigate the ferromagnetic Powell‐Eyring fluids (FMPEFs) model with non‐Fourier heat flux by using artificial intelligence‐based scheme by exploiting the adaptive nonlinear autoregressive eXogenous (NARX) neuro‐architecture with backpropagation of Levenberg Marquart (LM), that is, NARX‐LM. The developed NARX‐LM methodology applied on synthetic datasets acquired with the help of Adams numerical method for FMPEF system by prudently changing physical quantities that is, material parameters of Eyring Powell, homogeneous reaction, heterogeneous reaction, dimensionless thermal relaxation time, Prandtl number, Schmidt number with fixed values parameter of ferrohydrodynamic interaction, rate of diffusion coefficient. Outcomes of NARX‐LM are regularly overlapping with the numerical results for the FMPEFs system having reasonable small error magnitude for each variant. The proficiency of intelligent computing anticipated on FMPEFs is depicted exhaustively with iterative mean squared error based iconvergence curves, analysis of adaptive controlling factors, error frequency distribution on the histograms, auto‐correlation, and correlation measures.
Monetization and Relational Structures: The Diffusion of Checks in Buenos Aires During the Emergence of the Banking System
Authors: Wasserman Martín L. E.
Published: November 2024

Means of exchange holding legal tender are not the unique means of payment that materialize currency. Any device accepted by the creditor enables exchanges, even when different instruments have different scope of liquidity and diverse broadness of acceptance. Therefore, admission by economic actors appears to be the ultimate criteria to embody monetary attributes into a material instrument, conferring its function as means of payment. In this sense, the agency of involved actors is critical to understand the emergence of new financial devices derived from institutional changes. This chapter aims to examine the appearance and diffusion of a new means of payment, the bank check, in the early nineteenth-century economy of South America, specifically Buenos Aires. As the main issuers of checks gained leverage in using this means of payment, they contributed to enhancing its acceptance in the local economy. To demonstrate this hypothesis, this chapter employs Social Network Analysis tools to understand the relational structure of the check’s flows and elucidate the position of the actors within that web.
Formation and Sustainability of Financial Networks in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Fontaine Laurence
Published: November 2024

The essay examines the strategies put in place by social actors not only to create financial networks but above all to ensure their sustainability. After a brief introduction on the dynamics of the political economies that coexisted at the time, this chapter focuses on the merchants because for them, finance is the sinews of war. Describing first the strategies implemented by a fifteenth-century merchant, Francesco di Marco Datini, who succeeded in building an industrial and commercial empire despite the many political and economic uncertainties he faced, this chapter examines the risks Datini had to face and shows the role of reputation and trust to mitigate them. Then, it explores the same questions for the eighteenth century: Have the role of trust and reputation evolved? This analysis seeks to understand why networks based on a common religious or village affiliation are the best adapted to last in such an environment. It concludes with a comparison with the large contemporary merchant and financial networks.
Married Women in the Rural Credit Economy of Early Modern England, 1500–1700
Authors: Robb Hannah
Published: November 2024

This article explores the potential of depositions to illuminate women’s credit networks in the rural credit economy of early modern England. It focuses on the role of married women managing the small-scale credits that sustained quotidian buying and selling. The article begins with a broad analysis of gendered roles in the credit economy extracting evidence from a large corpus of depositions from rural pastoral economies in the period 1500–1700. It also investigates the nature of women’s credit networks. Women’s credit was for smaller sums drawn through localized networks and was closely bound to their consumption, whereas men’s near monopoly on droving livestock to market granted greater access to wider credit networks. We also see marked differences in the nature of women’s credit with alewives particularly well placed to facilitate credit through pawn and the secondhand market. The narratives presented in the depositions reflect largely the credit activities of married women. This article argues that marriage, rather than precluding women from credit networks, granted greater access to a tactile knowledge of the domestic household goods against which credit was contracted.
More than Merchant Bankers: Second-Class Financial Intermediation in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam
Authors: Feenstra Alberto
Published: November 2024

In the eighteenth century, the Amsterdam capital market became the central place for major European powers to borrow money. Well-established merchant banking houses offered their services to act as intermediaries. This was the market of High Finance for foreign sovereign debt. We know less about the lower segments of the Amsterdam capital market, where smaller public debtors turned to, such as the Dutch provinces. This paper analyzes how the Dutch province of Friesland operated on the Amsterdam capital market. By focusing on the venues and their proprietors, the chapter demonstrates an evolution in payment methods, in the eighteenth century. Inns formed the central place in the first half of the eighteenth century, from where the Friesland tax receivers arranged payments. In the second half of the century, the financial agent, Johannes Menkema, became more important. He also expanded the financial services he performed for Friesland. Menkema held no formal function, neither as a notary nor as an official city broker, yet he did present himself as a banker. In addition to Friesland, he also serviced other smaller Dutch and German states and cities. This chapter thus highlights the importance of personal transactions hosted by innkeepers and unofficial financial intermediaries besides bankers, brokers, and notaries.
A Differentiated Access to Credit in a Merchant Network in the 1780s (Philadelphia and Its Region)
Authors: Bissières Louis
Published: November 2024

Social network analysis (SNA) offers a powerful set of tools to grasp the systems of credit in which economic actors were involved in the early modern period. It can be applied to transactions recorded in account books. This chapter focuses on Levi Hollingsworth who was one of the many Philadelphia merchants that helped connecting American rural consumers to the Atlantic world of goods, through a massive circulation of credit in the end of the eighteenth century. This paper starts with basic considerations about the shape of a merchant network of credit based on transactions drawn from account books. In the second part, I discuss the fact that the position actors held in a merchant network had decisive implications regarding the credit a merchant like Hollingsworth gave them access to. The involvement in a complex commercial structure was a resource in the early modern period. In the third part, I discuss the differentiated use of means of payment to back credit flows. I show that the position in the network affected tendencies to use one means of payment over the other. I discuss how social networks could affect economic behavior, especially showing how trust facilitated credit flows.
On a Problem of Douglass and Ono for the Plane Partition Function
Authors: Luca Florian
Published: November 2024

It is known that the plane partition function of n denoted $$\textrm{PL}(n)$$

PL
(
n
)

obeys Benford’s law in any integer base $$b\ge 2$$

b
≥
2

. We give an upper bound for the smallest positive integer n such that $$\textrm{PL}(n)$$

PL
(
n
)

starts with a prescribed string f of digits in base b.
Übersehene Professionalität – individuelle Gelingensfaktoren von Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung
Authors: Schmidt Daniela , Heuer Imke , Küsel Madeleine , Ruiz Perez Guillermo , von Peter Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Auch durch die neue Personalverordnung wird die Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung zunehmend relevant. Dadurch stellt sich die Frage, welche individuellen Gelingensbedingungen es für die Implementierung von Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung gibt.

Methode

Diese Arbeit ist ein Teilprojekt der vom Innovationsfonds finanzierten ImpPeer-Psy5-Studie, die bundesweite Anforderungen an die Implementierung von Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung in der krankenkassenfinanzierten Versorgung (SGB V) untersucht. 57 problemzentrierte Interviews mit Peer- und Genesungsbegleiter*innen (PGB), Mitarbeiter*innen (MA) und Nutzer*innen sowie eine darauf aufbauende Fokusgruppe wurden mithilfe einer vergleichenden thematischen Analyse untersucht. Diese Arbeit wurde vorrangig durch eine Forscherin umgesetzt, die über eigene Krisen- und Psychiatrieerfahrungen verfügt.

Ergebnisse

Aus Sicht der befragten MA sind Sympathie und Persönlichkeit zentrale Faktoren für eine gelingende Implementierung der Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung. Demgegenüber stehen für die PGB ein professionalisierter Umgang mit der eigenen Krisen- und Recovery-Erfahrung sowie diverse Lebens- und berufliche Vorerfahrungen im Vordergrund.

Schlussfolgerungen

Um die Impulse der Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung wirksam aufzunehmen, braucht es eine Anerkennung der professionellen Identität der PGB. Insbesondere Settings, die Aufgaben zwischen den Berufsgruppen weniger hierarchisch trennen und v. a. auf Beziehungsarbeit setzen, wie das der Zuhausebehandlung, sind für die Implementierung von PGB besonders geeignet.
Microvascular insulin resistance with enhanced muscle glucose disposal in CD36 deficiency
Authors: Shibao Cyndya A. , Peche Vivek S. , Pietka Terri A. , Samovski Dmitri , Williams Ian M. , Abumrad Naji N. , Gamazon Eric R. , Goldberg Ira J. , Wasserman David H. , Abumrad Nada A.
Published: November 2024

Aims/hypothesis

Microvascular dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance. CD36, a fatty acid transporter and modulator of insulin signalling, is abundant in microvascular endothelial cells. Humans carrying the minor allele (G) of CD36 coding variant rs3211938 have 50% reduced CD36 expression and show endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to determine whether G allele carriers have microvascular resistance to insulin and, if so, how this affects glucose disposal.

Methods

Our multi-disciplinary approach included hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps in Cd36
−/− and wild-type mice, and in individuals with 50% CD36 deficiency, together with control counterparts, in addition to primary human-derived microvascular endothelial cells with/without CD36 depletion.

Results

Insulin clamps showed that Cd36
−/− mice have enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose disposal but reduced vascular compliance and capillary perfusion. Intravital microscopy of the gastrocnemius showed unaltered transcapillary insulin flux. CD36-deficient humans had better insulin-stimulated glucose disposal but insulin-unresponsive microvascular blood volume (MBV). Human microvascular cells depleted of CD36 showed impaired insulin activation of Akt, endothelial NO synthase and NO generation. Thus, in CD36 deficiency, microvascular insulin resistance paradoxically associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity of glucose disposal.

Conclusions/interpretation

CD36 deficiency was previously shown to reduce muscle/heart fatty acid uptake, whereas here we showed that it reduced vascular compliance and the ability of insulin to increase MBV for optimising glucose and oxygen delivery. The muscle and heart respond to these energy challenges by transcriptional remodelling priming the tissue for insulin-stimulated glycolytic flux. Reduced oxygen delivery activating hypoxia-induced factors, endothelial release of growth factors or small intracellular vesicles might mediate this adaptation. Targeting NO bioavailability in CD36 deficiency could benefit the microvasculature and muscle/heart metabolism.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03012386

Data availability

The RNAseq data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under accession code GSE235988 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE235988).

Graphical Abstract
Quantitative convergence of the nonlocal Allen–Cahn equation to volume-preserving mean curvature flow
Authors: Kroemer Milan , Laux Tim
Published: November 2024

We prove a quantitative convergence result of the nonlocal Allen–Cahn equation to volume-preserving mean curvature flow. The proof uses gradient flow calibrations and the relative entropy method, which has been used in the recent literature to prove weak–strong uniqueness results for mean curvature flow and convergence of the Allen–Cahn equation. A crucial difference in this work is a new notion of gradient flow calibrations. We add a tangential component to the velocity field in order to prove the Gronwall estimate for the relative energy. This allows us to derive the optimal convergence rate without having to show the closeness of the Lagrange-multipliers.
Quantisation via Branes and Minimal Resolution
Authors: Qiu Jian
Published: November 2024

The ‘brane quantisation’ is a quantisation procedure developed by Gukov and Witten (Adv Theor Math Phys 13(5):1445–1518, 2009). We implement this idea by combining it with the tilting theory and the minimal resolutions. This way, we can realistically compute the deformation quantisation on the space of observables acting on the Hilbert space. We apply this procedure to certain quantisation problems in the context of generalised Kähler structure on $${\mathbb {P}}^2$$

P

2

. Our approach differs from and complements that of Bischoff and Gualtieri (Commun Math Phys 391(2):357–400, 2022). We also benefitted from an important technical tool: a combinatorial criterion for the Maurer–Cartan equation, developed by Barmeier and Wang (Deformations of path algebras of quivers with relations, 2020. arXiv:2002.10001).
Decoupling by Local Random Unitaries without Simultaneous Smoothing, and Applications to Multi-user Quantum Information Tasks
Authors: Colomer Pau , Winter Andreas
Published: November 2024

We show that a simple telescoping sum trick, together with the triangle inequality and a tensorisation property of expected-contractive coefficients of random channels, allow us to achieve general simultaneous decoupling for multiple users via local actions. Employing both old (Dupuis et al. in Commun Math Phys 328:251–284, 2014) and new methods (Dupuis in IEEE Trans Inf Theory 69:7784–7792, 2023), we obtain bounds on the expected deviation from ideal decoupling either in the one-shot setting in terms of smooth min-entropies, or the finite block length setting in terms of Rényi entropies. These bounds are essentially optimal without the need to address the simultaneous smoothing conjecture, which remains unresolved. This leads to one-shot, finite block length, and asymptotic achievability results for several tasks in quantum Shannon theory, including local randomness extraction of multiple parties, multi-party assisted entanglement concentration, multi-party quantum state merging, and quantum coding for the quantum multiple access channel. Because of the one-shot nature of our protocols, we obtain achievability results without the need for time-sharing, which at the same time leads to easy proofs of the asymptotic coding theorems. We show that our one-shot decoupling bounds furthermore yield achievable rates (so far only conjectured) for all four tasks in compound settings, which are additionally optimal for entanglement of assistance and state merging.
Liver Regeneration Following Thermal Ablation Using Nanocarrier Mediated Targeted Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Mohan Prasoon P. , Deo Sapna , Liu Zhao-Jun , Dikici Emre , Kaneku Hugo , Chang Doyoung , Garcia-Buitrago Monica , Jalaeian Hamed , Zeynaloo Elnaz , Ortiz Yulexi Y. , Li Yan , Bhatia Shivank , Velazquez Omaida , Daunert Sylvia
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To test the efficacy of nanocarrier (NC) mediated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for liver regeneration following thermal ablation of porcine livers.

Materials and Methods

Liver radiofrequency ablation was performed in 18 swines divided into MSC, MSC + NC and control groups. The test groups received infusion of MSC or MSC + NC labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) via hepatic artery. MSC + NC group had MSCs coated with dendrimer nanocarrier complexed with I-Domain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Nanocarriers direct homing of MSCs by binding to its counterpart protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is overexpressed at the periablation margins from inflammation. Ablation cavity reduction by CT volumetry was used as surrogate marker for liver regeneration. Cell proliferation was assessed with Ki67 and HepPar-1 stains. GFP identified MSC derived cells.

Results

Total number of ablations in control animals were 13 across 4 animals. In the MSC group, there were 23 ablations across 6 animals, and in MSC + NC group there were 21 ablations across 6 animals. Ablation cavity volume reduction from day 0 to 30 were 64.4 ± 15.0%, 61.5 ± 12.9% and 80.3 ± 9.4% for control, MSC and MSC + NC groups, respectively (MSC + NC vs MSC: p < 0.001, MSC + NC vs. control: p = 0.001). GFP+ cell count at margins was 426.8 ± 193.2 for MSC group and 498.6 ± 235.2 for MSC + NC group (p = 0.01). The mean Ki67 and HepPar-1 staining at margins were 9.81 ± 4.5% and 6.12 ± 4.2% for MSC + NC group versus 7.59 ± 3.7% and 5.09 ± 3.7% for MSC group, respectively (P < 0.001 and P = 0.09, respectively).

Conclusion

Nanocarrier-mediated MSC therapy promotes liver regeneration by engrafting MSCs at ablation margins, potentially making liver-directed therapy viable for patients with severe liver dysfunction. This technology may also benefit other solid organs.

Graphical Abstract
Node-RADS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability
Authors: Zhong Jingyu , Mao Shiqi , Chen Haoda , Wang Yibin , Yin Qian , Cen Qingqing , Lu Junjie , Yang Jiarui , Hu Yangfan , Xing Yue , Liu Xianwei , Ge Xiang , Jiang Run , Song Yang , Lu Minda , Chu Jingshen , Zhang Huan , Zhang Guangcheng , Ding Defang , Yao Weiwu
Published: November 2024

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability of Node Reporting and Data System 1.0 (Node-RADS).

Methods

Five electronic databases were systematically searched for primary studies on the use of Node-RADS to report the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes on CT and MRI from January 1, 2021, until April 15, 2024. The study quality was assessed by modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) tools. The diagnostic accuracy was estimated with bivariate random-effects model, while the pooled category-wise malignancy rates were obtained with random-effects model.

Results

Six Node-RADS-CT studies and three Node-RADS-MRI studies covering nine types of cancer were included. The study quality was mainly damaged by inappropriate index test and unknown timing according to QUADAS-2, and unclear blindness during the rating process according to QAREL. The area under hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (95% conventional interval) was 0.92 (0.89–0.94) for Node-RADS ≥ 3 as positive and 0.91 (0.88–0.93) for Node-RADS ≥ 4 as positive, respectively. The pooled malignancy rates (95% CIs) of Node-RADS 1 to 5 were 4% (0–10%), 31% (9–58%), 55% (34–75%), 89% (73–99%), and 100% (97–100%), respectively. The inter-observer reliability of five studies was interpreted as fair to substantial.

Conclusion

Node-RADS presented a promising diagnostic performance with an increasing probability of malignancy along higher category. However, the evidence for inter-observer reliability of Node-RADS is insufficient, and may hinder its implementation in clinical practice for lymph node assessment.

Key Points

QuestionNode-RADS is designed for structured reporting of the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes, but the evidence supporting its application has not been summarized.

FindingsNode-RADS presented diagnostic performance with AUC of 0.92, and malignancy rates for categories 1–5 ranged from 4% to 100%, while the inter-observer reliability was unclear.

Clinical relevanceNode-RADS is a useful tool for structured reporting of the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes with high diagnostic performance and appropriate malignancy rate for each category, but unclear inter-observer reliability may hinder its implementation in clinical practice.
Dam break flow through rigid-emergent vegetation
Authors: Mahmoud Adel A. , Uchida Tatsuhiko
Published: November 2024

Dam failures pose a significant threat to life and property. This study investigates the potential of rigid emergent vegetation to attenuate dam break waves, reducing their destructive impact. Experiments explored the effect of varying vegetation field lengths on wave propagation. Wooden cylinders with consistent diameter (1.0 cm) and density (0.067) simulated the rigid vegetation in a straight, flat rectangular channel. Four different vegetation lengths and three bore conditions for different reservoir and tailwater depths were examined to analyze their influence on dam break wave behavior. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of vegetation in dissipating wave energy, leading to a rapid decrease in wave height and celerity. Interestingly, increasing vegetation length significantly attenuates the wave height downstream of the vegetation zone, while having no significant impact on the reflection wave height upstream of the vegetation. This finding highlights the targeted effectiveness of strategically placed vegetation in shielding downstream areas. The study also clarifies that celerity can be calculated using shallow water equations for both upstream and downstream regions with wave height and tailwater depth. However, within the vegetation, drag forces significantly reduce celerity. A novel equation, derived from wavefront profiles, was proposed and validated to accurately calculate celerity within the vegetation field. These findings provide valuable data for validating numerical models simulating dam break wave interactions with vegetation.

Graphical abstract
Clinical translation of tissue-engineered oesophageal grafts: are patients ready for us?
Authors: Durkin N. , Pellegrini M. , Karaluka V. , Slater G. , Leyden D. , Eaton S. , De Coppi Paolo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

We sought to engage with expert patient/carers to understand attitudes towards use of tissue engineering (TE) for long-gap oesophageal atresia (OA).

Methods

An in-person engagement event for 70 patients/parents was held by the OA patient group, TOFS. Attitudes towards TE were assessed before and after a talk on use of TE oesophagi in a pre-clinical OA model. Perceptions were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (median [range]) and compared using Mann–Whitney test.

Results

43 attendees responded; 56% parents/caregivers, 21% patients, 7% healthcare workers, 16% unreported. Most (85%) had some awareness of TE but for 15%, it was a new concept. Attendees were receptive to TE; 89% reported no concerns about growth of their/child(s) cells in a lab and 61% reported no concerns about using animal products. Perceptions of TE significantly improved after the presentation from 4 (2–5, n = 32) to 5 (3–5, n = 28) p < 0.0001, and 96% would like to be involved in focus groups on development of a TE product for use in OA.

Conclusion

Input from key stakeholders is essential to introduction of TE constructs clinically. The overall response to TE constructs was positive, and informs development of an OA-specific focus group to guide translation.
Versorgungsforschung in der Akutschmerztherapie
Authors: Nestler Nadja , Maier Christoph , Osterbrink Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Bis Anfang der 2000er-Jahre wurden Optimierungsnotwendigkeiten in der Akutschmerztherapie in Krankenhäusern aufgezeigt. Dabei wurden nur wenige Erfolge in der Optimierung erreicht. Da die Akutschmerzversorgung in Deutschland anhaltend unbefriedigend blieb, wurden die ersten Versorgungsforschungsprojekte in der Schmerzmedizin initiiert. Diese sollten Verbesserungen in der Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten erzielen.

Ziel

Zur Darstellung der Anfänge der Versorgungsforschung im Bereich der Schmerzmedizin in Deutschland werden die Forschungsprojekte „Schmerzfreies Krankenhaus“ und „Aktionsbündnis Schmerzfreie Stadt Münster“ sowie die Zertifizierungsinitiative Certkom e. V. beschrieben.

Material und Methoden

Im Sinne einer komplexen Intervention erfolgten in allen dargestellten Projekten eine Ist-Analyse der Schmerzversorgung der Patientinnen und Patienten sowie des interdisziplinären Schmerzmanagements, eine Ableitung von Optimierungsmaßnahmen, deren Implementierung sowie eine nachfolgende Evaluation.

Ergebnisse

Alle Projekte konnten durch eine systematische Erhebung der Ist-Situation, gezielte Planung und Einführung von Optimierungsmaßnahmen Verbesserungen in der Patientinnen- und Patientenversorgung erzielen. Entsprechende Evaluationen konnten dies darstellen.

Schlussfolgerung

Durch das systematische Vorgehen in den Projekten mit Erhebung wissenschaftlicher Daten in der Versorgung wurden Optimierungen in der Akutschmerzversorgung erzielt. Der Grundstein für weitere Versorgungsforschung in der Schmerztherapie in Deutschland wurde gelegt. Jedoch offenbarten die Projekte auch Grenzen in der Einbeziehung vulnerabler Patientinnen- und Patientengruppen.
Psychotherapeutische Versorgung mit hochfrequenten und längerfristigen (psychodynamischen/psychoanalytischen) Behandlungen
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Freilinger Sabine , Gonaus Maria , Handlbauer Bernhard , Hornung-Ichikawa Ela , Horvath Eva , Kirchner Bodo , Posch Klaus , Sachs-Erfurth Gabriele , Schnegg Stephan , Wachter Christian , Windhager Karoline
Published: November 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Vorteile einer längerfristigen hochfrequenten (gegebenenfalls mittelfrequenten) psychodynamischen beziehungsweise psychoanalytischen Krankenbehandlung bei entsprechender Indikation eingegangen. Während leichtere Störungen zunehmend akzeptiert und behandelt werden, stoßen Patient:innen mit schweren und schwersten Störungen auf erhebliche Hürden – wie die Auswahl geeigneter Therapeut:innen und die finanzielle Belastung durch höherfrequente Therapien, die meist nicht von Krankenkassen abgedeckt werden – unabhängig von der jeweiligen Psychotherapiemethode. Dies bringt für diese Patient:innen massive Beeinträchtigungen und psychische wie physische Nachteile mit sich.

Die Diagnostik und Indikationsstellung sind komplex und erfordern eine differenzierte Betrachtung der individuellen psychischen Struktur und Funktionsweise. Aktuelle Studien zeigen deutlich, dass hochfrequente psychodynamische beziehungsweise psychoanalytische Therapien bei schweren psychischen Störungen mit entsprechender Indikation eine hohe Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit, auch bei Gruppentherapien und bei der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, zeigen. Langfristig können diese Therapien (wie auch andere Therapieformen) nicht nur das Leid mindern, sondern auch Kosten im Gesundheitssystem reduzieren. Daher sollen all diese Behandlungen stärker verankert und weiterentwickelt werden, um die individuellen, gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Vorteile besser nutzen zu können.

Es werden unterschiedliche Aspekte dieses Problembereichs herausgearbeitet und in den Rahmen internationaler Forschungsergebnisse gestellt.