bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF EXPANDED POLYSTRENE (EPS) IN PLACE OF NATURAL MATERIAL
Authors:   ANNIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH CENTRE, CHHINDWARA (MP), Ansari Danish
Published: March 2022

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a thermoplastic material, derived from pre-expanded polystyrene beads, that combines an extreme lightweight with versatile strength and thermal insulation. These characteristics made EPS an excellent alternative to natural materials for the feasibility of building and construction projects that would otherwise destined, for time and implementation costs, to be postponed or alienated. Specifically, this technology has been successfully used in road infrastructure sector in the last twenty years in the construction of roads, bridge abutments, lightweight embankments and back fills, above all for the rapid restoration of compromised roads following landslide or calamitous events, representing an interesting and resilient solution in areas exposed to seismic risk or persistent vibratory actions. Thus, the authors want to offer a critical analysis of different EPS road applications in Italy, considering benefits and drawbacks, proposing technical and economic considerations for ideal conditions of use and suggesting failure analysis methods and tools.
MEDICINAL PLANT POISONING AND HERB-DRUG INTERACTION: A REVIEW
Authors: Mistry Sunil , Singh Santosh Kumar , Patel Ankita , Patel Swaroop
Published: March 2022

It is estimated that three quarters of the earth populace rely on herbal and conventional medicine as an origin for principal health care. Therefore, it is one of the most important and challenging errands for scientists working in drug research to examine the effectiveness of herbal medicine, to divide constructive from adverse effects, to recognize active ideology in medicinal plants and to ban poisonous plants or contaminations from herbal mixtures. In the present review, some problems are critically discussed. Botanical misidentification or mislabeling of plant material can play a role for toxic reactions in humans. Some plant descriptions in traditional herbal medicine (e.g. traditional Chinese medicine) have changed over time, which may lead to unintended intoxication by using incorrect plants. A difficulty is also the contamination of herbals with microorganisms, fungal toxins such as aflatoxin, with pesticides and heavy metals. Unprincipled processing, which differs from safe traditional preparation represents one more potential source for herbal poisoning. Unwanted effects of herbal products may also expand by the interaction of herbs with conventional drugs upon associated intake. The art of herbal medicine is to divide pharmacologically and therapeutically prec ious herbal drugs from harmful and toxic ones and to expand combinations of medicinal plants as safe and efficient herbal remedies. Standardization and strict control measures are essential to monitor sustainable high quality of herbal products and to exclude contaminations that badly affect patients consuming herbal medicine.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION ANALYSIS OF METHYLENE BLUE BY ALUMINIUM DOPED CADMIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Krishnaraj S. , Anitha R.
Published: March 2022

Environmental pollution from human activities is a major challenge of civilization today. This study aimed to use Al doped CdO nanoaprticles for the purification of polluted water from dye. Al doped CdO nanoparticles have been synthesized using a simple chemical method and characterized by SEM and Raman spectra. The degradation efficiency of Al/CdO nanoparticles was studied against methylene blue by using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that the photocatalyst was efficient at 200 mg/L, the maximum amount of degradation (90.2 %) has been observed for MB after 2 hrs. The photocatalytic performance of the Al/CdO nanoparticles was stable after the nanoparticles were reused five times. The photocatalytic ability of the AldopedCdO NPs allowed the development of a low cost, high efficiency, and environmentally friendly material for water treatment applications using sunlight.
OPTIMIZATION OF REFOLDING PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT CRM197 PROTEIN FROM E.COLI
Authors: Shukla Sandeep , Mishra Deepak
Published: March 2022

E. coli is most widely, well studied and highly characterized microorganism available for production of recombinant protein. rCRM197 (Recombinant Cross Reacting Material) is a genetically modified recombinant protein which is widely used as a carrier protein. When a recombinant protein is over expressed in heterologous expression system of E. coli, it gets misfolded and aggregated in the form of inclusion bodies. Recovery of active recombinant protein from the inclusion bodies is a cumbersome task. In the current study, rCRM197 was over expressed in E. coli based host system using optimized semi defined media. The purified inclusion bodies were isolated by optimization of Cell lysis step. Solubilization was performed using high concentration of Chaotropes at alkaline pH. A refolded and functional form of native CRM197 protein was recovered by dilution of solubilizing agent using Cystine/Cysteine redox agents in Refolding buffer. The optimized process resulted in generating high quality cost effective CRM197 with drastic reduction in the production time.
SKIN PERMEATION STUDY OF NANOMIEMGEL FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT SAMADERA INDICA
Authors: Jaiswal Shikha , Gupta Revathi A.
Published: March 2022

The transdermal route of drugs has received increased attention in recent years due to numerous advantages over the oral and injectable routes, such as avoidance of the hepatic metabolism, protection of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract, sustained drug delivery, and good patient compliance. The assessment of ex vivo permeation during the pharmaceutical development process helps in understanding the product quality and performance of a transdermal delivery system. Generally, excised human skin relevant to the application site or animal skin is recommended for ex vivo permeation studies. However, the limited availability of the human skin and ethical issues surrounding the use of animal skin rendered these models less attractive in the permeation study. The aim of this study to determine the skin permeation of Nanomiemgel for using antifungal plant extract by using rat abdominal skin was conducted through Franz diffusion cell. The ex vivo skin permeation studies were performed using Franz diffusion cell with rat skin as permeation membrane. Significant increase in permeability parameters was observed in nanomiemgel formulations (P less than 0.05). This research discussed the alternative skin models that have been used for skin permeation. Ex vivo permeation studies of rat were performed for each animal and trail, five parameters are to be collected. After removal of patch on completion of a week, each of the areas was examined for any sign of erythema or edema.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA LEAVES AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITY AND APOPTOSIS POTENTIAL ON OVARIAN CANCER CELL LINES PA-1
Authors: R. Jyothi , K.M. Srinivas Murthy
Published: March 2022

In current years, the application of medicinal plants for the cancer prevention and treatment has gained more interest for the researchers due to the presence of phytoconstituents and lesser side effects. In the current finding, tropical medicinal plant Colocasia esculenta leaves was selected for its cytotoxic potential and apoptosis inducing effect against Pa-1 ovarian cancer cell lines. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyltetrazolium bromide] assays were carried out to know the cytotoxic activity and apoptosis effect was examined using flow cytometry of C. esculenta leaves of ethanol extract. The cytotoxicity was observed highest, showing the IC50 concentration at 93.2 μg/mL of the leaf extract of C. esculenta on Pa-1 ovarian cancer cell line and observed dose dependent action against the concentrations. Apoptosis inducing effect of the extract showed 63.63% of late apoptotic cells and 11.22% of early apoptotic cells of Annexin V and PI compared to the standard drug Cisplatin (15uM) showing 41.76% of late apoptotic cells and 46.42% of early apoptotic cells. C. esculenta leaves of ethanol extract have potential for development as therapeutic principle for cytotoxicity on Pa-1 ovarian cancer cell line after further investigation.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS LEAF EXTRACT ON FOOD BORNE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
Authors: Sarkar Jhili , Gothalwal Ragini , Tripathi Nidhi
Published: March 2022

Enterobacteria are often responsible for various gastrointestinal foods borne infection in humans. But due to profuse use of commercial antibiotic and synthetic pesticides for human and crop protection growing incidences of drug-resistant pathogens of both clinical and agricultural importance have increased. This has aggravated the search for antimicrobials from plants sources. Medicinal plants have intrinsic ability to resist pathogenic microorganisms and this has led the researchers to investigate and explore them for the treatment of food borne infections of humans by developing new antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Asparagus racemosus against foodborne bacterial isolates isolated from fresh raw vegetables. Primary qualitative analysis showed presence of different phytochemicals in the leaf extracts. The leaf extracts were screened in vitro in the laboratory for their antibacterial activity against the isolated enteric bacteria, and the results showed that hydroalcoholic extracts of Asparagus racemosus can be optimized clinically for chemotherapeutic control of these food-borne enteric infections. In conclusion, Asparagus racemosus extract exhibits antimicrobial activities and thus might be developed as natural sanitizer for washing raw vegetables.
MONO-NUCLEATED TRANSITION METAL (M2+) COMPLEXES OF A NEW SCHIFF-BASE AS LIGAND: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Kosti P. , Mishra N. , Bahe A. , Chanderiya A. , Das R.
Published: March 2022

We have synthesized a new class of Schiff-base Ligands with m-pthaladehyde and 3-amino benzoic acid. This adduct act as bi-dentate (N8#x38;O) ligand in the formation of mononuclear transition metal complexes of nickel (II), zinc (II), copper (II), cobalt (II), and cadmium (II). Ligand and complexes are characterized and their formation was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques i.e. 1HNMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. We have synthesized Ligand-metal coordination sphere [M2+(L)2] (where M = Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II),Ni(II)and Zn(II)) and L=3,3'-((1E,1'E)-(1,3 phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis (azanylylidene)) dibenzoic acid and (E)-N-((1H-indol-3-yl) methylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4- amine. Both Ligand and their metal complexes showed magnificent antimicrobial property against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 741) which causes nosocomial infections and E. coli (MTCC 1610) which causes intestinal infection.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL5-(2- CHLOROPHENYL)-2-(METHYLTHIO)-6-NITRO-7-(2-OXO-1, 2-DIHYDROQUINOLIN-3-YL)-4, 7-DIHYDROPYRAZOLO [1,5-A]PYRIMIDINE-3-CARBONITRILE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Saglani Mayur K. , Joshi H. D.
Published: March 2022

A novel heterocyclic library was synthesized, characterized and tested for biological evaluation against bacteria and fungus. This novel series of pyrazole pyrimidine derivatives of 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-6-nitro-7-(2-oxo-1, 2- dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-4,7-dihydropyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile in the presence of methanoland hydrochloric acid in good yield. The title compounds have been synthesized with several structural variations. The synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against standard drugs. The structure of synthesized compounds were characterized by their spectral (IR, 1H NMR and Mass) data. The purity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by TLC.
OPTICAL, STRUCTURAL, THERMAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 4, 4’- DIAMINODIPHENYL SULPHONE/TITANIUM DIOXIDE/MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Rajeshwari V. , Fernando Jessica
Published: March 2022

Polymeric nanocomposites based on electroactive conductive polymers with nanoparticle fillers have won considerable attention in recent years due to its highly desirable multifunctional characteristics. In the present study, 4, 4’- diaminodiphenyl sulphone has been polymerized and composites were prepared by adding TiO2 and multiwalled carbon nanotube to the polymer by magnetic stirring. These nanocomposites have been characterized using analytical techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS and TGA/ DTA analysis. The incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotube and titanium dioxide in poly 4, 4’-diaminodiphenyl sulphone has been endorsed by FT-IR analysis. It showed that the peak at 453, 431 cm- 1 confirms the stretching vibration of the Ti-O bond of TiO2 and the absorption peaks at 2925 and 2283 cm-1 are imputed to symmetrical telescopic vibrations of the methylene group (-CH2-) of carbon nanotubes. This confirms the incorporation of TiO2 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes into the polymer matrix in the prepared nanocomposites. The XRD pattern showed formation in the nanoscale range (5.94 nm). SEM analysis showed that the variation in polymer morphology depended mainly on titanium dioxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS FROM TANNERY EFFLUENTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENZYMATIC AND NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS OF CYANOBACTERIA
Authors: Mukherjee Swarnali , Gupta Madhulika
Published: March 2022

Cyanobacteria account for most of the biologically sequestered heavy metals in terrestrial as well as aquatic environments. Based on previous research of our lab and prevailing literature, Cyanobacteria’s ability to absorb and metabolize heavy metals can be associated with the presence of high-affinity metal binding groups on the cell surface and efficient metal uptake and storage systems. Our study dealt with the uptake of heavy metals dissolved in Tannery effluent by freshwater Cyanobacteria. Various microscopic and viability studies were performed along with studies on the effects of respective heavy metals on the non-enzymatic anti-oxidative pigments and anti-oxidative enzymes of Cyanobacteria. Maximum metal uptake was observed in case of Fe and Cr compared to Cd or Pb at different concentrati ons and conditions. The given study shows how freshwater Cyanobacteria are an economical, productive alternative of the prevailing remediation techniques for the remediation of heavy metals.
SYNTHESIS AND PTP1B INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF NOVEL BENZOTHIAZOLE AND 1, 2, 4-TRIAZOLE LINKED ACETAMIDO BENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Rakse Monika , Agrawal Ram Kishore
Published: March 2022

The present research reports the synthesis and PTP1B inhibitory activity evaluation of a series of substituted benzthiazole/ 1, 2, 4-triazole linked acetamido benzoic acid derivatives designed based on a lead molecule, 4-methyl-3- (2-(5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio) acetamido) benzoic acid identified previously in our laboratory. All the synthesized derivatives showed improved PTP1B inhibitory activity, out of which, compound 6c (4- methyl-3-(2-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3ylthio) acetamido) benzoic acid) elicited potent PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 value 6.45 μM. Furthermore, compound 6c also showed good in vivo antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Molecular docking studies performed with 6c revealed the binding mechanism of the molecule in the catalytic site of PTP1B. These results demonstrate that compound 6c might serve as a valuable lead molecule for the development of promising antidiabetic agents targeting PTP1B.
SCREENING OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR ANTAGONIST FOR HUMAN FOLATE TRANSPORTER
Authors: Agarwal Deepa , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Folate transport is crucial for proper proliferation of cells. Amongst humans, the folate is procured from external sources since it is not synthesized in the human body. Hence specific transporters are involved in uptake of folate. For the malignant cancerous cells, these folate are crucially required on very frequent rate to fulfil the rapid proliferation of the cancerous cells. In the present study, we have comparatively studied three antagonist drug molecules which could be a potential candidate to inhibit the folate uptake by the human Proton Coupled folate transporter (hPCFT). These candidate antagonist include Pemetrexed, 2-[(4-Aminobenzoyl)amino] pentanedioate-pABA-Glu and Methotrexate. Out of these three antagonist drug, the Pemetrexed molecule was observed to specifically bind to the key active site loop (G155XXG158) of the hPCFT transporter. The Binding energy of the Pemetrexed was also comparatively lowest (-7.6 kcal/mol). Hence from the present study we conclude that the Pemetrexed antagonist drug is more e fficient to inhibit folate transport as compared to the 2-[(4-Aminobenzoyl)amino]pentanedioate-pABA-Glu and Methotrexate antagonist drug molecules.
BIOREMEDIATION OF SEA FOOD WASTE IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION ALONG WITH PRODUCTION OF BIOACTIVE AGENTS
Authors: Warmoota Rahul , Kumar Aditya , Angural Steffy , Rana Monika , Jassal Sunena , Puri Neena , Gupta Naveen
Published: March 2022

Sea food processing generates large volumes of waste products such as skin, head, tails, shells, scales, backbones, etc. Pollution due to conventional methods of sea food waste disposal causes negative implications on environment, aquatic life, and human health. Moreover, these waste products can be used for the production of high-value products which are still untapped due to inappropriate management. Paenibacillus sp. AD, known to act on chitinolytic and proteinaceous waste was explored for its potential to degrade various types of sea food waste in solid state fermentation. Effective degradation of sea food waste, generated from variety of sources such as fish scales, crab shells, prawn shells and mixture of such wastes was observed. 30 to 40 percent degradation in terms of decrease in the mass was achieved. Along with the degradation, chitinolytic and proteolytic enzymes were produced which can have various biotechnological applications. Apart from this, value added products such as chitin oligosaccharides and peptides of various degree of polymerization were also produced which can be used for various therapeutic purposes. Results indicated that Paenibacillus sp. AD can be used for the development of a process for the infield degradation of sea food waste.
ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE AND SUB CHRONIC TOXICITY OF DEOXYCHOLIC ACID ON ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN RODENTS
Authors: Moole Praveen Kumar Reddy , Papireddy Jagan Mohan Reddy , T. Thulasipathi Naidu
Published: March 2022

Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria and used traditionally to treat immune related disorders. The objective of the present study was to evaluate acute and sub-acute toxicity of DCA in mice and rats after oral administration following OECD test guidelines. Toxicological profile of DCA were evaluated by single-oral toxicity (5, 10, 100 and 200 mg/kg), 14-day repeated oral dose toxicity (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) in mice and 28-days repeated-oral dose toxicity (30, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg) in healthy SD rats. Oral single dose of DCA caused decreased body weight and the mice were found lethargic. DCA was lethal at doses ≥ 10 mg/kg and caused mortality/morbidity by 48 hours post dosing. In 14-days repeated oral toxicity study with DCA as oral gavage at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, no effects on body weight and no treatment related clinical signs were observed. 28-day repeated oral toxicity demonstrates dose-dependent significant increase in WBC (up to 43%), absolute neutrophil (up to 61%) and absolute lymphocyte (up to 42%) counts suggesting an immunostimulatory role on humoral immunity. DCA at doses >1000 mg/kg was toxic and caused anemia. Minimum lethal dose (MLD) and MTD of DCA in mice was estimated to be equal or greater than 10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively. Oral NOAEL of DCA was30 mg/kg/day in SD rats. DCA did not cause any delayed effects. DCA appears to be safe for human consumption.
ADSORPTIVE REMEDIATION OF CHROMIUM (VI) AND COPPER (II) IONS ONTO MICROWAVE ASSISTED PHOSPHORIC ACID ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM AERIAL ROOT OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS L
Authors: Kiruthiga M. , Ramesh K. , Rajappa A. , Kamalakannan K.
Published: March 2022

The research was conducted with an aim to assess the efficiency of phosphoric acid activated carbon prepared from Aerial root of Ficus Benghalensis L as an adsorbent in removing Cr(VI) and Cu(II). The effects of different system variables, viz, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, pH and contact time were studied. The results showed that as the amount of the adsorbent was increased, the percentage of metal ion removal increased accordingly. Optimum pH value for metal adsorption is determined as 2.0 for Cr(VI) and 4.0 for Cu(II) ions. Maximum metal is sequestered in 180 min for both ions after the beginning of every experiment. The adsorption of metal ions followed a Pseudo second order rate equation. Freundlich adsorption model is suitable for describing the sorption of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) on PAC. Furthermore, the natural organic matter is characterized by FTIR specra. The removal efficiency of PAC from Aerial root of Ficus benghalensis L is Cr(VI) > Cu(II).
IN SILICO HOMOLOGY MODELING OF SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR SR160 - THERAPEUTICAL TARGET FOR THE INDUCTION OF THE CELLULAR DEFENSIVE GENE
Authors: Kumar Mohan , Sharma Mukesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Systemin receptor (SR160) is a plasma membrane bound receptor protein, work as key regulatory signals for the activation of defensive mechanism in tomato plants. It has been confirmed that systemin is plant peptide hormone containing 18 amino acids, binds with its known receptor SR160 to activate the downstream cascade pathway for the activation of defensive genes in tomato. 3D structure of SR160 was not available so homology modeling was preferred to generate the good quality model. For the verification of the model procheck was used. The predicted model can be for the prediction of binding interaction and structure-based drug designing.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF LEAVES OF FIVE COMMON INDIGENOUS WEEDS FOUND IN CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Alexander Amit , Dixit Vihangesh , Dudhe Rupesh , . Ajazuddin
Published: March 2022

Weeds are unwanted plants that interfere with land and water resource use. They can have detrimental effects on human health. Weed flora has not been well studied from a phytosociological and ecological point of view. Weeds can be useful sources of life-saving drugs. The field of phytochemicals is growing in scientific and commercial importance. Many plant compounds and pigments have now a major initiative to research and understand these substances at a fundamental level with important health consequences. The present research deals with the physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of five common indigenous weeds, i.e. Lantana camara Linn., Ocimum gratissimum Linn., Cassia alata Linn, Zephyranthes minuta (Kunth) D.Dietr 8 Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. The results of this work can serve as a valuable source of information for future investigations and recommendations for further work. The powdered leaves of all plant weeds were subject to very promising preliminary physical and phytochemical analyses. Physical and fluorescent values of the plant pulver powder have been calculated under ordinary light and UV. The presence of alkaloids is considered to be helpful in the treatment of contaminated or ulcerated tissues and has important cancer prevention and anti-cancer activity. The studies revealed the presence of phytosterols and triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sugar, protein, amino acid, fat, and oils and also concluded that all studied weed leaves may be a good source of phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals. Supplementation of these weeds leaves may be useful for human health associated emerging diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and cancer.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND GCMS ANALYSIS OF CAESALPINIA BONDUC STEM BARK
Authors: G. Sandhia K. , R. Bindu A.
Published: March 2022

Caesalpinia bonduc (Lin.) Roxb. (Family: Fabacea) is well known for its medicinal and therapeutic values in Ayurveda. The leaves, root bark, seeds, seed kernel of the plant are used as medicine. This plant is used as febrifuge, expectorant, anthelmintic and used for diabetes, leprosy, piles, phantom tumour etc. The present study investigated extraction and physicochemical studies of stem bark of C. bonduc which include extractive and ash values. Preliminary phytochemical studies and thin layer chromatographic studies were conducted using the extracts. GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract was also carried out. The preliminary phytochemical studies indicate the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and carbohydrates in abundant quantities in the stem bark. The GC-MS analysis of the TEE identified 12 components. The major compounds identified were 1-hentetracontanol, 1, 1, 3 triethoxy propane, Tetracosa methyl cyclododecasiloxane and Octadecamethyl cyclononasiloxane. The studies suggest further phytochemical studies on the bark to isolate chemical constituents.
OXIDATIVE STRESS BASED-BIOMARKERS IN ORAL CARCINOGENESIS: A REVIEW
Authors: Shukla Ranu , Satyanarayana P.
Published: March 2022

Human cancer development is a multistep process. A variety of endogenous and exogenous stimuli trigger a complex series of cellular and molecular changes that contribute to cancer formation, one of which is the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oral cancer is one of the most deadly health issues that humanity faces today. Oral cancer accounts for 2% to 3% of all cancers and is the 5th most frequent disease worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Oxygen derived species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical (OH•), and singlet oxygen are well known to be cytotoxic and have been implicated in the etiology of a wide array of human diseases, including oral cancer. Various carcinogens may also partly exert their effect by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during their metabolism. Mutations can result from oxidative damage to cellular DNA, which could have a role in the onset and advancement of multistage carcinogenesis (including mouth cancer) via a variety of processes. ROS has an impact on central cellular processes such proliferation, apoptosis, and senescence, all of which have been linked to cancer development. Antioxidant deficiency or an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance can cause oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules, which can lead to cancer. Understanding the significance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as essential mediators in signaling pathways may open up new avenues for pharmaceutical intervention. We review the current state of knowledge on the role of these oxidative modified cellular byproducts in serving as reliable biomarkers for oral cancer detection, prognosis and diagnosis.
IONIC LIQUIDS: RECENT JOURNEY THROUGH CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION
Authors: Sarkar Abhra
Published: March 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs), despite some of their crucial disadvantages, have been established to be the apt and relevant replacement of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the industrial and academic sectors as solvents. Recent investigations on thriving multifaceted applications of ionic liquids have unleashed that they are really among beneficial “environmentally-benign” solvents as far as their impact on the ecosystem is concerned. This caused them to be an exciting and lucrative domain to explore in a wider fashion and many of the leading research groups are involved in the manifestation of their inherent undisclosed legacy. While exploring the efficacy of ILs, it was found that ILs or IL-based mixed solvent systems were very good alternative of conventional solvents and could act as mobile/stationary phases or additives in gas chromatography (GC), multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC), inverse gas chromatography (IGC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) very efficiently. Their (IL’s) efficacy in improvising and synchronizing the mode and nature of the chromatographic separation is well-established, undoubtedly commendable and unique in many ways. In this review we have put our concentration on the recent, beneficial and some less-explored aspects of the implementation of ILs in the above said chromatographic separation domain.
A REVIEW ON ROLE OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Mohan Aggidi Krishna , Reddy Kanala Somasekhar , Kiran Mala Uday , Raghavendra Tavarigiri , Kalyan Chinta Pavan , Bhupal Pujari
Published: March 2022

It is a well known fact that diabetes is the worldwide threat, which may lead to multiorgan dysfunction. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with the hyperglycemia, if not treated, may lead to cause many complications within the body. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common cause in the chronic diabetes patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the proteinases that plays crucial role in the development of DR by degrading the extracellular components. Activated gelatinase MMPs (MMPs-2 and MMPs-9) destroy the mitochondria and degrades Blood Retinal Barrier (BRB) from this rises the capillary cell apoptosis in retina. The BRB, which causes DR, is critically affected by MMP-2 and MMP-9. This study will concentrate on the diabetic retinopathy, with the emphasis on MMPs mediated general pathological role, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, general mechanism involved in the development of DR, and various types of MMPs and angiogenesis.
BIOCONTROL ACTIVITY OF PHOSPHATESOLUBILIZING FUNGIISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF MARATHWADA, INDIA
Authors: Qayum Parwez , Shaikh J. D.
Published: March 2022

The phosphate solubility and biocontrol activity of fungi isolated from rhizosphere soil of Marathwada were studied in the present study. Fungi were isolated from rhizosphere soil and all the 11 fungal isolates showed good phosphate solubilizing ability. The potent phosphate solubilising isolates Aspergillus niger (PQ9), Trichodermaspp (PQ36) and Penicillium spp (PQ19) showed significant zone of solubilization with 34, 31 to 30 mm respectively after 48 hours of incubation. All potent phosphate solubilising fungal isolates were tested for in vitro antagonistic activity against bacterial plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus oryzae and Macrophomina phaseolina. The study therefore proposed that these fungal species have strong phosphate solubilizing properties and the isolated fungal strains in present investigation indicates broad spectrum activity against tested fungal phytopathogen. Therefore, the fungal species can be used for excellent crop productivity as a biofertilizer and as biocontrol agent.
FORMULATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF POLYHERBAL CAPSULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATION
Authors: Kumar Akash , Gupta Rajneesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Mangifera indica and Phyllanthus emblica were extracted using 90% ethanol and 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratio of the extract mixture was loaded in to liposomes. These liposomes were formulated as capsule dosage form for use in management of inflammation. The extraction yield for MI and PE were found to be 41.9 and 27.1 % respectively. The total phenolic content in MI and PE extracts were found to be 17.3±0.916 and 34.23±1.908 GAE mg/100g whereas it was found to be 49.2±2.749, 71.76±6.269 and 60.63±4.162 GAE mg/100 g for 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratio mixture of MI and PE respectively. The particle size of the liposomes decreased on increasing the sonication time. The particle size of the liposome formulated using 5 min sonication time was considered optimum and was found to be 3.21 μm for blank liposome. The phenolic content in the liposomes was in harmony with the extract mixture incorporated into the liposome. EL2 exhibited the highest phenolics content. The liposomes were evaluated for stability for a period of 3 months at storage temperature of 4ºC and 40ºC. The liposomes were stable at both the temperature conditions and the particle size of the liposomes did not change significantly over a period of three months. The extract loaded liposomes at 5 min sonication time were blended with magnesium and calcium carbonates to prepare a prefill mixture for the capsules. The prefill blends were evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio and Carr’s Index. All the blends possessed the capability to flow freely and may present no hindrance in capsule filling process. The weight variation of polyherbal liposome filled capsules was between 4.1-4.6 % whereas the disintegration time was found to be between 3.38 to 3.65 min.
VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD TO ESTIMATE EUGENOL FROM JATIPHALADI CHURNA
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Jain Sourabh , Shukla Karunakar
Published: March 2022

Eugenol is a significant phytochemical biomarker compound of ayurvedic and other marketed herbal formulations. It shows anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tubercular activity. Thus, it is a suitable bioactive constituent to establish the quality of commercial drug and its formulation. The aim is to develop and validate an efficient and effective RPHPLC method for quantification of eugenol from commercial marketed formulations. Separation was carried out on a cosmosil C18 column, mobile phase composition was methanol: distilled water (60:40, v/v) at flow rate of 1mL/min. Detection was carried out at 215 nm using a photodiode array detector (PDA). Commercial Ayurvedic formulation such as Jatiphaladi Churna was further subjected to RP-HPLC for estimation of eugenol. The RP-HPLC method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The LOD and LOQ level were found to be 25.00ng/mL and 50.00 ng/mL, respectively. Detector response was found to be linear from 50.00ng/mL to 50,000.00 ng/mL. The method was found to be simple, accurate, reproducible and rugged. This method was used to estimate the content of eugenol in commercial formulations and the method is found suitable for quality assurance and marker based standardization of ayurvedic formulations containing eugenol.
BIO-SILICA REINFORCED IMIDAZOLE CORE DIAMINE/EPOXY BASED COMPOSITES COATINGS FOR CORROSION RESISTANT APPLICATION
Authors: Jayabharathi G. , Jothiramalingam S.
Published: March 2022

Imidazole core diamine (IDA) was synthesized and used as a hardener for epoxy resin. The epoxy resin was reinforced with varying weight percentages of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) functionalized rice husk ash bio-silica to obtain respective composites. Their composite morphology was studied using SEM analysis. The cure behaviour of imidazole core diamine hardener and DGEBA epoxy resin was studied. The thermal stability of the corresponding epoxy matrix and bio-silica reinforced epoxy composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The values of limiting oxygen index calculated from TGA data infer that all the samples of epoxy matrix and composites possess good flame retardant behaviour. The glass transition temperature of composites was studied using DSC analysis. In order to ascertain their hydrophobic behaviour, the water-contact angle measurement studies were carried out. IDA/DGEBA matrix and functionalised bio-silica reinforced IDA/DGEBA composites were coated on the mild steel specimens and their corrosion resisting behaviour was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation. Data resulted from corrosion studies (Nyquist plot and Tafel plot) inferred that among the coated specimens studied, the specimen coated with 7 wt% bio-silica reinforced IDA/DGEBA matrix exhibits the highest corrosion resisting efficiency due to its water repellent character and morphology.
IN VITRO EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGAL DRUGS ON FUNGAL ISOLATES CAUSING MUCORMYCOSIS IN POSTCOVID PATIENTS
Authors: Amruta Shete , Suhas Kulkarni
Published: March 2022

Covid-19 pandemic triggered Mucormycosis as fast progressing dreadful multidrug resistant fungal coinfection in post covid patients. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of eight commercially available antifungal tablets on fungal pathogen of Mucormycosis isolated from two postcovid patients clinical samples. In this study eight antifungal tablets were used i.e. Zocon 150 mg, Nuforce 150 mg, Flucanzole 150 mg, Fussy 150 mg, Itrostred 200 mg, Candiforce 200 mg, Terbinaforce 250 mg and Grisovin FP 250 mg. Fungal pathogens were isolated on SDS agar by spread plate technique and identified. We observed Multipal Fungal Rare Mix Infection. Along with Mucor spp. and Candida spp. we observed rare Fusarium spp. and Alterneria Spp. and Aspergillus spp. were stored in pure culture on SDS agar slant. The speed of growth of Mucor spp. was reported as one and half times more than usual. The antifungal activity was studied by paper disc diffusion method on the lawn culture of Mucor spp. and Candida spp. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of above eight antifungal tablets against Mucor spp. was 21mm, 27mm, 32mm, 21mm, 25mm, 11mm, 56mm and 37mm respectively. But for the Candida spp. out of eight tablets only one i.e. Grisovin FP 250mg showed 15mm zone of inhibition, remaining all were resistant. Thus Terbinaforce 250 mg and Grisovin FP 250 mg can be used as alternatives in antifungal therapy of mucormycosis in postcovid patients. Cocktail of Terbinaforce 250 mg and Grisovin FP 250 mg gives very good results against Mucor spp.
IMPACT OF CHLORPYRIFOS ON BACILLUS CEREUS OP3 SOIL BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERE
Authors: Prabu Masilamani Raja , Kumar Sudalaimani Dinesh , Murugan Athiappan
Published: March 2022

Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide belongs to organophosphate group and widely used in Indian agriculture. The evaluation of chlorpyrifos removal from the soil using pesticide degrading bacteria will help in the resilience of soil fertility. Bacteria capable of degrading chlorpyrifos were isolated from chlorpyrifos-treated agricultural soil. The degradation of chlorpyrifos by a potential isolate was determined using FTIR and quantified using the molecular extinction coefficient in an ELISA reader. GC-MS was used to analyze the chlorpyrifos degradation metabolites. Additionally, the effect of chlorpyrifos exposure on genomic DNA and total protein content was determined. A total of 174 bacterial colonies were isolated, of which only 40 bacterial colonies were pesticide tolerant in 100ppm chlorpyrifos. Among them, only three isolates (OP3, OP5, and OP7) demonstrated tolerance above 100ppm. Within five days of incubation, OP3 demonstrated tolerance to chlorpyrifos concentrations up to 300ppm and 47 percent of chlorpyrifos was removed. By 16S rRNA sequencing, potential OP3 isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus OP3. FTIR spectra confirmed that B. cereus degraded chlorpyrifos, with 92.4 percent of chlorpyrifos degraded. In GC-MS analysis, metabolites such as MNitroaniline and 4-Methyl-2-{(4-Nitrophenyl)Thio}Pyrimidine were detected. Chlorpyrifos overexposure alters the total protein content of exposed cells and induces DNA breaks. As a result, it is concluded that B. cereus is able to degrade chlorpyrifos and the excessive use of pesticides make some changes in the soil bacteria. Overexposure of chlorpyrifos leads to an increase in total protein content and induce DNA strands breaks in pesticide degrading Bacillus cereus.
MDA IN JHARKHAND: CAN IT BE AN OPPORTUNISTIC INTERVENTION TO REDUCE COVID-19 INFECTION, SIMDEGA DISTRICT JHARKHAND
Authors: Sharma Rinku , Singh Sujeet Kumar
Published: March 2022

Ivermectin, an FDA approved drug was used earlier for the control of various parasitic diseases such as Onchocerciasis, Lymphatic Filariasis in African and Asian countries. In the current pandemic situation, Ivermectin has also been explored as a prophylactic and therapeutic option for COVID-19 infection. This study explores the role of single dose Ivermectin as a part of triple drug therapy (IDA: Ivermectin + Diethylcarbamazine + Albendazole) along with Mass drug administration (MDA) under the National Filariasis Elimination Programme in Simdega District of Jharkhand state in India. MDA with IDA was conducted during 10-31st August 2020 in Simdega. Trend of COVID-19 cases before and after MDA was analyzed to assess the effect of a single dose of Ivermectin in reducing the number of COVID-19 cases in Simdega. In this study, a One Way ANOVA test was used to find the significance shows that less significant difference in the mean number of cases reported before and after the MDA in Simdega. Time series analysis also didn’t show any significant difference in predicted and actual number of COVID-19 cases during the subsequent follow up after MDA in Simdega. The study also concludes that age appropriate single dose of Ivermectin was not associated with any significant decrease in the number of COVId-19 cases in Simdega.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ASTHMATIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CYNODON DACTYLON LEAVES
Authors: Singh Rohit , Mishra Rajeev Kumar , Chaubey Neelesh
Published: March 2022

In the present study Cynodon dactylon leaves ethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were used to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity, using various experimental in vivo and in vitro animal models. Ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were evaluated for its anti-asthmatic activity by in vitro models (isolated guinea pig ileum preparation and isolated guinea pig tracheal chain preparation) in vivo models (Histamine and acetylcholine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs and milk induced eosinophilia in mice model). Ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon and its ethyl acetate fraction at the concentration of 10 mg significantly antagonized the effect of histamine induced contraction on isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. Ethyl acetate fraction of Cynodon dactylon showed the maximum spasmolytic activity and significantly extended the latent period of convulsion as compared to standard (Ketotifen fumarate) upon histamine and acetylcholine exposure in a dose dependent manner. The study concluded that, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Cynadon dactylon was shown significant anti-asthmatic activity.
MOLECULAR IODINE CATALYZED SOLVENT FREE ONE POT SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, INSILICO ADME, hERG ANALYSIS, MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES AND DFT ANALYSIS OF 2- SUBSTITUTED 4,5-DIPHENYL-1H-IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: K. Pruthviraj , N. Lohith T. , M. Yeshwanth , H. Usha G. , V. Vanajakshi H. , B. Venugopal K. , G. Krishnaswamy , G. Shivaraja , Zohra Fathima , A. Sridhar M. , S. Sreenivasa
Published: March 2022

In the present investigation, a series of 2-substituted 4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazoles (3a-f) were prepared via one pot Debus-Radziszwski multicomponent condensation reaction using molecular iodine as a catalyst. Synthesis involves one pot reaction of benzil and substituted aromatic aldehydes (2a-e) in the presence of ammonium acetate and molecular iodine as catalyst under the solvent free grinding technique. The structures of the compounds were established based on multi nuclear NMR (1H 813C) spectral data and mass spectrometry. These compounds were subjected to in- silico ADMETox evaluation, hERG analysis, and molecular docking studies to evaluate their potency as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antimycobacterial. Molecular physicochemical properties were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) studies and reduced density gradient analysis.
INVESTIGATION OF GCMS AND IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF BROWN SEAWEED (TURBINARIA ORNATA) COLLECTED FROM GULF OF MANNAR, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: Parthasarathi S. , Jeyaprakash K.
Published: March 2022

Turbinaria ornata is a species of marine brown seaweed and in the family sargassaceae. They were freshly collected from Mandapam Coastal Area, Rameswaram Tamilnadu, India and rinsed in seawater and packed in sterile bags for further proceedings to laboratory. Seaweeds are possible renewable resources in the marine environment. It has been used as antioxidant and antimutagen. Ethanol extract was prepared for further analysis. GCMS analysis of ethanol extract of Turbinaria ornata was performed using a Shimadzu 2010 plus comprising an AOC-20i auto sampler and gas chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer. The GCMS analysis reveals that many bioactive compounds such as 6- octadecenoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, oleic acid presents in the extract of Turbinaria ornata. The above bioactive compounds were taken for molecular docking studies to improve the reliability, accuracy of biological test and show the possible interactions between molecules and their target receptors. So, in this present study in silico molecules docking was carried out to analyze the binding properties of 6-octadecenoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, oleic acid against standard liver cancer drug such as Doxorubicin to target protein β- catenin (1JPW). The results show the better binding interactions and suppression activity of bioactive compounds.
ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF TWO FRESHWATER HETEROCYSTOUS CYANOBACTERIA WESTIELLOPSIS PROLIFICA AND NOSTOCHOPSIS LOBATUS COLLECTED FROM SIMILIPAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE, ODISHA, INDIA
Authors: Dey Harisankar , Bastia Akshaya Kumar
Published: March 2022

The Similipal Biosphere Reserve, an unique ecosystem in the eastern part of India, occupy the northern boundary of Odisha state, lies between 21°28´ to 22°08´ North latitude and 86°04´ to 86°37´ East longitude, covering a vast area of 5578 sq. km in the district of Mayurbhanj. Westiellopsis prolifica and Nostochopsis lobatus, are a group of heterocystous, true branched, filamentous cyanobacteria belonging to the order Stigonematales, rarely found in the aquatic bodies of this region in the state of Odisha. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluate the antimicrobial potentials of Westiellopsis prolifica and Nostochopsis lobatus collected from flowing streams of Similipal Biosphere Reserve. The organisms were cultured in nitrogen free BG-11 medium and raised to axenic state. Crude metabolites were extracted from cultured test organisms in late log phase using organic solvents of different polarity viz. methanol and chloroform. The metabolites were tested against some clinically significant microorganisms including bacteria and fungi using agar cup diffusion method and the results of antimicrobial activity of cyanobacteria are summarized. The findings revealed that pattern of inhibition varied with respect to the cyanobacterial strains used, nature of solvent extracts and the pathogenic microorganisms tested. Westiellopsis prolifica was found to be more potent that inhibit all the pathogenic bacteria and fungi both in methanol and chloroform extract. This study illustrates that heterocystous cyanobacteria from freshwater bodies could be a potent source of antimicrobial agents and further characterization of active metabolites and evaluation of their pharmacological potentials are also needed.