bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Presynaptic Ca2+, Synaptic Plasticity and Contextual Fear Conditioning by a N-terminal β-Amyloid Fragment
Authors: Lawrence James L.M. , Tong Mei , Alfulaij Naghum , Sherrin Tessi , Contarino Mark , White Michael M. , Bellinger Frederick P. , Todorovic Cedomir , Nichols Robert A.
Published: October 2014

Soluble β-amyloid has been shown to regulate presynaptic Ca2+and synaptic plasticity. In particular, picomolar β-amyloid was found to have an agonist-like action on presynaptic nicotinic receptors and to augment long-term potentiation (LTP) in a manner dependent upon nicotinic receptors. Here, we report that a functional N-terminal domain exists within β-amyloid for its agonist-like activity. This sequence corresponds to a N-terminal fragment generated by the combined action of α- and β-secretases, and resident carboxypeptidase. The N-terminal β-amyloid fragment is present in the brains and CSF of healthy adults as well as in Alzheimer's patients. Unlike full-length β-amyloid, the N-terminal β-amyloid fragment is monomeric and nontoxic. In Ca2+imaging studies using a model reconstituted rodent neuroblastoma cell line and isolated mouse nerve terminals, the N-terminal β-amyloid fragment proved to be highly potent and more effective than full-length β-amyloid in its agonist-like action on nicotinic receptors. In addition, the N-terminal β-amyloid fragment augmented theta burst-induced post-tetanic potentiation and LTP in mouse hippocampal slices. The N-terminal fragment also rescued LTP inhibited by elevated levels of full-length β-amyloid. Contextual fear conditioning was also strongly augmented following bilateral injection of N-terminal β-amyloid fragment into the dorsal hippocampi of intact mice. The fragment-induced augmentation of fear conditioning was attenuated by coadministration of nicotinic antagonist. The activity of the N-terminal β-amyloid fragment appears to reside largely in a sequence surrounding a putative metal binding site, YEVHHQ. These findings suggest that the N-terminal β-amyloid fragment may serve as a potent and effective endogenous neuromodulator.
Oscillatory Neuronal Activity Reflects Lexical-Semantic Feature Integration within and across Sensory Modalities in Distributed Cortical Networks
Authors: van Ackeren Markus J. , Schneider Till R. , Müsch Kathrin , Rueschemeyer Shirley-Ann
Published: October 2014

Research from the previous decade suggests that word meaning is partially stored in distributed modality-specific cortical networks. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which semantic content from multiple modalities is integrated into a coherent multisensory representation. Therefore we aimed to characterize differences between integration of lexical-semantic information from a single modality compared with two sensory modalities. We used magnetoencephalography in humans to investigate changes in oscillatory neuronal activity while participants verified two features for a given target word (e.g., “bus”). Feature pairs consisted of either two features from the same modality (visual: “red,” “big”) or different modalities (auditory and visual: “red,” “loud”). The results suggest that integrating modality-specific features of the target word is associated with enhanced high-frequency power (80–120 Hz), while integrating features from different modalities is associated with a sustained increase in low-frequency power (2–8 Hz). Source reconstruction revealed a peak in the anterior temporal lobe for low-frequency and high-frequency effects. These results suggest that integrating lexical-semantic knowledge at different cortical scales is reflected in frequency-specific oscillatory neuronal activity in unisensory and multisensory association networks.
Hydroxamic Acid-Based Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors Can Mediate Neuroprotection Independent of HDAC Inhibition
Authors: Sleiman Sama F. , Olson David E. , Bourassa Megan W. , Karuppagounder Saravanan S. , Zhang Yan-Ling , Gale Jennifer , Wagner Florence F. , Basso Manuela , Coppola Giovanni , Pinto John T. , Holson Edward B. , Ratan Rajiv R.
Published: October 2014

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition improves function and extends survival in rodent models of a host of neurological conditions, including stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Our understanding, however, of the contribution of individual HDAC isoforms to neuronal death is limited. In this study, we used selective chemical probes to assess the individual roles of the Class I HDAC isoforms in protectingMus musculusprimary cortical neurons from oxidative death. We demonstrated that the selective HDAC8 inhibitor PCI-34051 is a potent neuroprotective agent; and by taking advantage of both pharmacological and genetic tools, we established that HDAC8 is not critically involved in PCI-34051's mechanism of action. We used BRD3811, an inactive ortholog of PCI-34051, and showed that, despite its inability to inhibit HDAC8, it exhibits robust neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, molecular deletion of HDAC8 proved insufficient to protect neurons from oxidative death, whereas both PCI-34051 and BRD3811 were able to protect neurons derived from HDAC8 knock-out mice. Finally, we designed and synthesized two new, orthogonal negative control compounds, BRD9715 and BRD8461, which lack the hydroxamic acid motif and showed that they stably penetrate cell membranes but are not neuroprotective. These results indicate that the protective effects of these hydroxamic acid-containing small molecules are likely unrelated to direct epigenetic regulation via HDAC inhibition, but rather due to their ability to bind metals. Our results suggest that hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors may mediate neuroprotection via HDAC-independent mechanisms and affirm the need for careful structure–activity relationship studies when using pharmacological approaches.
Sex and Disease-Related Alterations of Anterior Insula Functional Connectivity in Chronic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Hong Jui-Yang , Kilpatrick Lisa A. , Labus Jennifer S. , Gupta Arpana , Katibian David , Ashe-McNalley Cody , Stains Jean , Heendeniya Nuwanthi , Smith Suzanne R. , Tillisch Kirsten , Naliboff Bruce , Mayer Emeran A.
Published: October 2014

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to investigate intrinsic brain connectivity in healthy subjects and patients with chronic pain. Sex-related differences in the frequency power distribution within the human insula (INS), a brain region involved in the integration of interoceptive, affective, and cognitive influences, have been reported. Here we aimed to test sex and disease-related alterations in the intrinsic functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior INS. The anterior INS is engaged during goal-directed tasks and modulates the default mode and executive control networks. By comparing functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior INS in age-matched female and male healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common chronic abdominal pain condition, we show evidence for sex and disease-related alterations in the functional connectivity of this region: (1) male patients compared with female patients had increased positive connectivity of the dorsal anterior INS bilaterally with the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal posterior INS; (2) female patients compared with male patients had greater negative connectivity of the left dorsal anterior INS with the left precuneus; (3) disease-related differences in the connectivity between the bilateral dorsal anterior INS and the dorsal medial PFC were observed in female subjects; and (4) clinical characteristics were significantly correlated to the insular connectivity with the dorsal medial PFC in male IBS subjects and with the precuneus in female IBS subjects. These findings are consistent with the INS playing an important role in modulating the intrinsic functional connectivity of major networks in the resting brain and show that this role is influenced by sex and diagnosis.
The Importance of Premotor Cortex for Supporting Speech Production after Left Capsular-Putaminal Damage
Authors: Seghier Mohamed L. , Bagdasaryan Juliana , Jung Dorit E. , Price Cathy J.
Published: October 2014

The left putamen is known to be important for speech production, but some patients with left putamen damage can produce speech remarkably well. We investigated the neural mechanisms that support this recovery by using a combination of techniques to identify the neural regions and pathways that compensate for loss of the left putamen during speech production. First, we used fMRI to identify the brain regions that were activated during reading aloud and picture naming in a patient with left putamen damage. This revealed that the patient had abnormally high activity in the left premotor cortex. Second, we used dynamic causal modeling of the patient's fMRI data to understand how this premotor activity influenced other speech production regions and whether the same neural pathway was used by our 24 neurologically normal control subjects. Third, we validated the compensatory relationship between putamen and premotor cortex by showing, in the control subjects, that lower connectivity through the putamen increased connectivity through premotor cortex. Finally, in a lesion-deficit analysis, we demonstrate the explanatory power of our fMRI results in new patients who had damage to the left putamen, left premotor cortex, or both. Those with damage to both had worse reading and naming scores. The results of our four-pronged approach therefore have clinical implications for predicting which patients are more or less likely to recover their speech after left putaminal damage.
Short-Term Depression, Temporal Summation, and Onset Inhibition Shape Interval Tuning in Midbrain Neurons
Authors: Baker Christa A. , Carlson Bruce A.
Published: October 2014

A variety of synaptic mechanisms can contribute to single-neuron selectivity for temporal intervals in sensory stimuli. However, it remains unknown how these mechanisms interact to establish single-neuron sensitivity to temporal patterns of sensory stimulationin vivo. Here we address this question in a circuit that allows us to control the precise temporal patterns of synaptic input to interval-tuned neurons in behaviorally relevant ways. We obtainedin vivointracellular recordings under multiple levels of current clamp from midbrain neurons in the mormyrid weakly electric fishBrienomyrus brachyistiusduring stimulation with electrosensory pulse trains. To reveal the excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto interval-tuned neurons, we then estimated the synaptic conductances underlying responses. We found short-term depression in excitatory and inhibitory pathways onto all interval-tuned neurons. Short-interval selectivity was associated with excitation that depressed less than inhibition at short intervals, as well as temporally summating excitation. Long-interval selectivity was associated with long-lasting onset inhibition. We investigated tuning after separately nullifying the contributions of temporal summation and depression, and found the greatest diversity of interval selectivity among neurons when both mechanisms were at play. Furthermore, eliminating the effects of depression decreased sensitivity to directional changes in interval. These findings demonstrate that variation in depression and summation of excitation and inhibition helps to establish tuning to behaviorally relevant intervals in communication signals, and that depression contributes to neural coding of interval sequences. This work reveals for the first time how the interplay between short-term plasticity and temporal summation mediates the decoding of temporal sequences in awake, behaving animals.
In the Blink of an Eye: Relating Positive-Feedback Sensitivity to Striatal Dopamine D2-Like Receptors through Blink Rate
Authors: Groman Stephanie M. , James Alex S. , Seu Emanuele , Tran Steven , Clark Taylor A. , Harpster Sandra N. , Crawford Maverick , Burtner Joanna Lee , Feiler Karen , Roth Robert H. , Elsworth John D. , London Edythe D. , Jentsch James David
Published: October 2014

For >30 years, positron emission tomography (PET) has proven to be a powerful approach for measuring aspects of dopaminergic transmission in the living human brain; this technique has revealed important relationships between dopamine D2-like receptors and dimensions of normal behavior, such as human impulsivity, and psychopathology, particularly behavioral addictions. Nevertheless, PET is an indirect estimate that lacks cellular and functional resolution and, in some cases, is not entirely pharmacologically specific. To identify the relationships between PET estimates of D2-like receptor availability and directin vitromeasures of receptor number, affinity, and function, we conducted neuroimaging and behavioral and molecular pharmacological assessments in a group of adult male vervet monkeys. Data gathered from these studies indicate that variation in D2-like receptor PET measurements is related to reversal-learning performance and sensitivity to positive feedback and is associated within vitroestimates of the density of functional dopamine D2-like receptors. Furthermore, we report that a simple behavioral measure, eyeblink rate, reveals novel and crucial links between neuroimaging assessments andin vitromeasures of dopamine D2receptors.
Magnetoencephalography of Epilepsy with a Microfabricated Atomic Magnetrode
Authors: Alem Orang , Benison Alex M. , Barth Daniel S. , Kitching John , Knappe Svenja
Published: October 2014

Magnetoencephalography has long held the promise of providing a noninvasive tool for localizing epileptic seizures in humans because of its high spatial resolution compared with the scalp EEG. Yet, this promise has been elusive, not because of a lack of sensitivity or spatial resolution but because the large size and immobility of present cryogenic (superconducting) technology prevent long-term telemetry required to capture these very infrequent epileptiform events. To circumvent this limitation, we used Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems technology to construct a noncryogenic (room temperature) microfabricated atomic magnetometer (“magnetrode”) based on laser spectroscopy of rubidium vapor and similar in size and flexibility to scalp EEG electrodes. We tested the magnetrode by measuring the magnetic signature of epileptiform discharges in a rat model of epilepsy. We were able to measure neuronal currents of single epileptic discharges and more subtle spontaneous brain activity with a high signal-to-noise ratio approaching that of present superconducting sensors. These measurements are a promising step toward the goal of high-resolution noninvasive telemetry of epileptic events in humans with seizure disorders.
Cortisol in tissue and systemic level as a contributing factor to the development of metabolic syndrome in severely obese patients
Authors: Constantinopoulos Petros , Michalaki Marina , Kottorou Anastasia , Habeos Ioannis , Psyrogiannis Agathoklis , Kalfarentzos Fotios , Kyriazopoulou Venetsana
Published: October 2014

Context

Adrenal and extra-adrenal cortisol production may be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Objective

To investigate the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the expression of HSD11B1, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptors) α (NR3C1α) and β (NR3C1β) in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of severely obese patients with and without MetS.

Methods

The study included 37 severely obese patients (BMI ≥40 kg/m2), 19 with MetS (MetS+ group) and 18 without (MetS− group), studied before and during bariatric surgery. Before the day of surgery, urinary free cortisol (UFC) and diurnal variation of serum and salivary cortisol were estimated. During surgery, biopsies of the liver, VAT and SAT were obtained. The expression of HSD11B1, NR3C1α and NR3C1β was evaluated by RT-PCR.

Results

UFC and area under the curve for 24-h profiles of serum and salivary cortisol were lower in the MetS− group. In the MetS− group, mRNA levels ofHSD11B1in liver exhibited a negative correlation with liver NR3C1α (LNR3C1α) and VAT expression of HSD11B1 was lower than the MetS+ group.

Conclusions

We observed a downregulation of the NR3C1α expression and lower VAT mRNA levels ofHSD11B1in the MetS− group, indicating a lower selective tissue cortisol production and action that could protect these patients from the metabolic consequences of obesity. In the MetS− group, a lower activity of the HPA axis was also detected. Taken together, cortisol in tissue and systematic level might play a role in the development of MetS in severely obese patients.
Gene Expression Variation inDrosophila melanogasterDue to Rare Transposable Element Insertion Alleles of Large Effect
Authors: Cridland Julie M , Thornton Kevin R , Long Anthony D
Published: October 2014

Transposable elements are a common source of genetic variation that may play a substantial role in contributing to gene expression variation. However, the contribution of transposable elements to expression variation thus far consists of a handful of examples. We used previously published gene expression data from 37 inbred Drosophila melanogaster lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel to perform a genome-wide assessment of the effects of transposable elements on gene expression. We found thousands of transcripts with transposable element insertions in or near the transcript and that the presence of a transposable element in or near a transcript is significantly associated with reductions in expression. We estimate that within this example population, ∼2.2% of transcripts have a transposable element insertion, which significantly reduces expression in the line containing the transposable element. We also find that transcripts with insertions within 500 bp of the transcript show on average a 0.67 standard deviation decrease in expression level. These large decreases in expression level are most pronounced for transposable element insertions close to transcripts and the effect diminishes for more distant insertions. This work represents the first genome-wide analysis of gene expression variation due to transposable elements and suggests that transposable elements are an important class of mutation underlying expression variation in Drosophila and likely in other systems, given the ubiquity of these mobile elements in eukaryotic genomes.
Glaucoma Pathophysyology and Therapeutic Implication
Authors: Ster Anda Maria , Popp Radu Anghel , Petrisor Felicia Maria , Stan Cristina , Pop Victor Ioan
Published: October 2014

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma(POAG) is a chronic, irreversible optic neuropathy leading to the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells, clinically observed as silent visual field loss along  with a decrease in colour and contrast sensitivity. Multiple pathogenic theories have been issued and some of them have proven their involvement in disease development: mechanical damage due to increased intraocular pressure, variable susceptibility of the optic nerve, mutation in specific nuclear genes, increased glutamate levels, alteration in nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, changes in the mitochondrial genome, vascular dysregulation, and toxic effects and oxidative damage cause by reactive oxygen species1.The aim of this article is to highlight the pathogenic role of vascular dysregulation and reactive oxygen species in POAG with the further possibilities for prevention and gene therapy.
Castleman disease. A report of six cases.
Authors: Fetica Bogdan , Pop Bogdan , Lisencu Cosmin , Rancea Alin Cristian , Coman Aurel , Cucuianu Andrei , Petrov Ljubomir
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroud and aims: Castleman’s disease is a rare disorder situated at the boundary between reactive and neoplastic conditions. The pathogenesis is a subject of debate and the limited number of cases renders the study of the disease difficult.In our paper we present a series of six case of Castleman disease with emphasis on clinical presentation, pathology examination and the use of immunohistochemistry in the final diagnosis of the cases.Patients and method: Classification of the disease was based on clinical, imaging and pathological assesment. Specimens were obtained by surgical excission and were routinely processed for the pathology examination. Results:  All cases were unicentric disease. Two cases were locally extensive. The clinical symptoms were related mostly to compression effects. Five case were of the hyaline-vascular type and one was included in the plasma cell variant. One case showed angiomyoid differentiation.Discussion: The histological aspect is highly sugestive of a chronic reactive process although some authors include the disease in the lymphproliferative disorders category. Chronic viral stimulation, especially Herpes virus 8 (HHV-8, Kaposi sarcoma virus) infection, the IL-6 signaling cascade, angiogenesis and clonal rearangements play a role in the pathogensis of CD.Conclusions: We strongly belive that by understanding the pathogenesis of the precursor lessions we will gain better understanding of the  pathways that lead to neoplasia and that Castleman disesase is a very interesting „natural experiment” ilustrating the progression from chronic antigen stimulation to reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and finally to overt lymphoid neoplasia.
Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Pathophysiology and Prevention
Authors: Csapo Melinda , Lazar Liviu
Published: October 2014

Along with the remarkable progress registered in oncological treatment  that led to increased survival of cancer patients, treatment-related comorbidities have also become an issue for these long-term survivors. Of particular interest is the development of cardiotoxic events, which, even when asymptomatic, not only have a negative impact on the patient`s cardiac prognosis, but also considerably restrict therapeutic opportunities. The pathophysiology of cytostatic-induced cardiotoxicity implies a series of complex and intricate mechanisms, whose understanding enables the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Securing cardiac function is an ongoing challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and the physicians who have to deal currently with these adverse reactions. This review focuses on the main mechanism of cardiac toxicity induced by anticancer drugs and especially on the current strategies applied for preventing and minimizing the cardiac side effects.
Seismogenic faulting in the Meruoca granite, NE Brazil, consistent with a local weak fracture zone
Authors: MOURA ANA CATARINA A. , OLIVEIRA PAULO H.S. DE , FERREIRA JOAQUIM M. , BEZERRA FRANCISCO H.R. , FUCK REINHARDT A. , NASCIMENTO ADERSON F. DO
Published: October 2014

A sequence of earthquakes occurred in 2008 in the Meruoca granitic pluton, located in the northwestern part of the Borborema Province, NE Brazil. A seismological study defined the seismic activity occurring along the seismically-defined Riacho Fundo fault, a 081° striking, 8 km deep structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between this seismic activity and geological structures in the Meruoca granite. We carried out geological mapping in the epicentral area, analyzed the mineralogy of fault rocks, and compared the seismically-defined Riacho Fundo fault with geological data. We concluded that the seismically-defined fault coincides with ∼E–W-striking faults observed at outcrop scale and a swarm of Mesozoic basalt dikes. We propose that seismicity reactivated brittle structures in the Meruoca granite. Our study highlights the importance of geological mapping and mineralogical analysis in order to establish the relationships between geological structures and seismicity at a given area.
Território, intersetorialidade e escalas: requisitos para a efetividade dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: Gallo Edmundo , Setti Andréia Faraoni Freitas
Published: October 2014

A Agenda do Desenvolvimento pós-2015 destaca a incorporação da sustentabilidade nas abordagens desenvolvidas e/ou aplicadas aos diferentes campos de conhecimento e ação e a demonstração da efetividade de experiências de territórios sustentáveis e saudáveis. Este processo resulta do enfrentamento de distintas visões que buscam dirigir a produção social no sentido de seu Projeto, com possibilidades de atualização do modo de produção e consumo hegemônicos ou da emergência de racionalidades contra-hegemônicas. A saúde, um dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, tem o desafio de inserir-se em uma agenda intersetorial e interescalar que enfrente seus determinantes sociais em um processo de governança participativo, capaz de construir uma hierarquia de prioridades a partir das necessidades do território e de produzir soluções tecnopolíticas baseadas na ecologia de saberes, constituindo um processo de gestão estratégico situacional e comunicativo. Analisa-se a consistência da formulação da Agenda e potencialidades e desafios para a sua implantação, considerando a intersetorialidade e a interescalaridade, sua governança e gestão estratégica, em especial a avaliação de efetividade. Adicionalmente, testa as ferramentas avaliativas utilizadas em sua capacidade de analisar a consistência da formulação da Agenda.
Avaliação da gestão municipal da saúde bucal na Atenção Básica: precisão do instrumento de pesquisa
Authors: Pires Diego Anselmi , Colussi Claudia Flemming , Calvo Maria Cristina Marino
Published: October 2014

Este estudo de validação visa conferir a precisão de um modelo de avaliação. Em uma avaliação, existe a necessidade de validar os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados quanto à sua reprodutibilidade e precisão. Neste estudo, foi utilizada a Avaliação da Gestão da Saúde Bucal na Atenção Básica em Santa Catarina como referência, cujo modelo utiliza dados primários, coletados via formulário eletrônico, e secundários, disponíveis nos sistemas de informação do SUS, para cálculo dos indicadores. Para a realização deste estudo, o formulário foi aplicado nos municípios da Região Carbonífera de Santa Catarina em dois momentos distintos para verificar sua reprodutibilidade, seguidos de discussão das respostas com o pesquisador. Os resultados observados foram consolidados e debatidos em oficina de consenso com especialistas na área, detectando imprecisões relativas ao conceito, à fonte utilizada e ao perfil dos próprios respondentes. A taxa de concordância bruta observada para as duas coletas foi de 87%, e as imprecisões somaram 36% das respostas. Sugestões de fontes preferenciais, modificações de enunciado e orientações para o correto preenchimento do formulário foram algumas mudanças propostas, aperfeiçoando a matriz original e seu instrumento de coleta de dados.
Evaluation of self-esteem among homosexuals in the southern region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Canali Tiago José , Oliveira Sylvia Marina Soares de , Reduit Deivid Montero , Vinholes Daniele Botelho , Feldens Viviane Pessi
Published: October 2014

This study seeks to evaluate self-esteem in homosexuals from southern Santa Catarina and relate it to several variables such as gender, age, bullying and psychiatric treatment. Participants were selected using the "Snowball" technique. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used for self-esteem assessment with subsequent comparison with other variables. A total of 403 individuals were interviewed, including 310 males with a mean age of 24.02. Most of the population studied (80.9%) had high self-esteem, with a mean score of 5.55 on the Rosenberg scale. Individuals who had only studied up to primary school level, were unemployed, evangelicals, with a history of psychotherapeutic and psychiatric treatment, or who had been subjected to bullying in the last year and those who wished to change their sexual orientation, had significantly lower self-esteem than the others. 114 people had used psychotropic drugs, 47.58% of which were benzodiazepine-based, primarily Clonazepam (27.58%). Most of this population had high self-esteem. There was a difference between some categories of the variables studied, however, all averages corresponded to high self-esteem on the Rosenberg scale. Benzodiazepines were the psychotropic drugs most often used by the individuals in this study.
Análise das práticas gerenciais na Atenção Primária à Saúde nos municípios de pequeno porte do norte do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Ohira Regina Hitomi Fukuda , Cordoni Junior Luiz , Nunes Elisabete Fátima Polo Almeida
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever as práticas gerenciais na atenção primária à saúde (APS) em 49 municípios de pequeno porte (até 20.000 habitantes) do norte do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2011, no qual foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado para 90 gerentes. Como resultado, as respostas da pesquisa apontaram que 85,6% realizavam reunião com a equipe; 77,8% conheciam metas e indicadores de saúde de 2010; 73,3% planejavam as ações; 70,0% realizavam reunião com a comunidade; 64,5% discutiam as metas e indicadores com os trabalhadores da unidade; 61,1% conheciam os indicadores de saúde de 2009; 61,1% realizavam avaliação das ações e serviços de saúde mais avaliação dos trabalhadores. Porém, a análise dos resultados permitiu observar distorções e/ou insuficiências em: reuniões de equipe e com a comunidade, participação relevante das comunidades, conhecimentos de indicadores, planejamento, avaliação das equipes e preparação dos gerentes. Em síntese, os gerentes padecem de precário profissionalismo e insuficiente preparação.
Um caso de anorexia nervosa: a condução do tratamento
Authors: Val Alexandre Costa , Cunha Cristiane de Freitas , Ferreira Roberto Assis , Carvalho Maria Bernadete de
Published: October 2014

Descreve-se, neste texto, como o trabalho com sujeitos anoréxicos e bulímicos é conduzido pela equipe interdisciplinar do Núcleo de Investigação em Anorexia e Bulimia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (NIAB-HC/UFMG). Com base no referencial teórico e metodológico da psicanálise lacaniana, procede-se à construção do caso clínico, o que permite nortear a condução do tratamento em equipe. O trabalho de construção do caso clínico é apresentado a partir dos elementos singulares isolados ao longo do processo.
Modelos animais em psiquiatria: avanços e desafios
Authors: Nunes Emerson Arcoverde , Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecílio
Published: October 2014

Objetivos: Discutir os avanços e limitações do uso dos modelos animais nos transtornos psiquiátricos. Método: Uma revisão narrativa de artigos. Resultados: Diferentes modelos animais atualmente demonstram validade adequada para características específicas de determinados transtornos mentais. Conclusão: Resguardadas as devidas limitações que impossibilitam mimetizar sintomas psicopatológicos complexos em modelos animais, estes seguem como úteis ferramentas de estudo na psiquiatria.
Drogadicção e adolescência: o "corpo do transbordamento"
Authors: Adesse Diana Borschiver , Santos Vera Lucia Alves dos , Cardoso Marta Rezende
Published: October 2014

Voltando nosso olhar para a adolescência atual, observamos significativa presença do fenômeno da drogadicção. Nesta situação clínica, as modalidades prioritárias de defesa são agenciadas por uma convocação do corpo e do ato, implicando a expulsão violenta de uma excitação interna desorganizadora, traumática. Investigar as determinações desse fenômeno - e cuja emergência tantas vezes se dá na travessia da infância à vida adulta - constitui o principal objetivo do presente artigo.
Overweight in Brazilian industry workers: Prevalence and association with demographic and socioeconomic factors and soft drink intake
Authors: Silveira Pablo Magno da , Silva Kelly Samara , Silva Jaqueline Aragoni da , Oliveira Elusa Santina Antunes de , Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes de , Nahas Markus Vinicius
Published: October 2014

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight in industry workers and its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors and soft drink intake (including type). Methods: This is a nationwide cross-sectional cohort survey of "Lifestyle and leisure habits of industry workers" conducted between 2006 and 2008 in 24 Brazilian federate units. The participants answered a previously tested questionnaire and self-reported their weight and height. Statistical analyses consisted of crude and adjusted Poisson regression. Results: Males and females had overweight prevalences of 45.7% (95%CI=45.1; 46.2) and 28.1% (95%CI=27.4; 28.9) respectively. Older and married individuals and those working in medium-sized and large factories were more likely to be overweight. Males with higher education levels and gross family incomes were also more likely to be overweight, but not females. Finally, men (PR=1.24; 95%CI=1.13; 1.36) and women (PR=1.40; 95%CI=1.22; 1.61) who consumed diet/light soft drinks were also more likely to be overweight than those who did not consume soft drinks. Conclusion: More than one-third of the workers were overweight according to their self-reported weight and height, and the prevalence of overweight was higher in males. Demographic and socioeconomic variables and diet/light soft drink intake were associated with overweight. These data may be helpful for the development of actions that reduce the risk of overweight in this population.
Action of ascorbic acid on the healing of malnourished rats'skin wounds
Authors: Nai Gisele Alborghetti , Manzoli Louise Maria Freitas , SILVA Tayane Carvalho Isidoro da , Mamede Larissa de Queiroz , Disconzi Mary Ellen de Oliveira Martins , Giuffrida Rogério
Published: October 2014

Objective: To evaluate the action of ascorbic acid on the healing of malnourished rats' cutaneous wounds compared with normal weight rats. Methods: We used 92 adult, male Wistar rats divided into four groups: 24 normal weight rats given only water and chow; 24 normal weight rats given vitamin C by gavage (340 mg/kg 12/12 hours); 22 malnourished rats given only water and chow; and 22 malnourished rats given vitamin C by gavage (340 mg/kg 12/12 hours). Malnutrition was induced by feeding the animals half of their daily energy requirement for 30 days. Two incisions were made, one sutured (healing by primary intention) and one left unsutured (healing by secondary intention). The rats were euthanized on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days of the experiment. Results: The following parameters differed significantly between the groups (p>0.05): granulation of the wound edge in the primary and secondary intention; extent of injuries on day 7 for primary intention and on day 3 for secondary intention; reepithelialization on day 7 for primary intention; fibrin-leukocyte scab on day 14 for primary intention; amount of neovascularization and concentration of macrophages, fibroblasts, and collagen fibers for primary and secondary intention. Conclusion: The use of vitamin C in malnourished and normal weight rats increases fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in the tissue, which helps to improve healing both by primary and secondary intention.
Visiones sobre los tránsitos socio-técnicos hacia patrones de consumo sustentable en agua y energía en la minería sudamericana - dos controversias argentinas
Authors: Baigorrotegui Gloria , Parker Cristian , Estenssoro Fernando
Published: October 2014

Este trabajo aborda el problema del consumo de agua y energía en la minería sudamericana desde una arista menos explorada: el consumo sustentable. A partir de la sociología y los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología exponemos esta problemática presentando tres patrones de consumo distintos: convencional, alternativo y progresista. A partir de fuentes secundarias y entrevistas semi-estructuradas hemos rastreado las controversias en torno a dos proyectos mineros históricos argentinos: La Alumbrera y Cerro Vanguardia, focalizando nuestras interrogantes en torno al consumo sustentable de recursos vitales como el agua y la energía. Hemos podido constatar cuán urgente se interpreta la necesidad de transitar hacia patrones de consumo sustentable, quiénes son los llamados a emprenderlos y cuáles precisiones serían necesarias a distintas escalas para efectuar dicha transición. Reconociendo que el agua y la energía son factores constitutivos del tránsito hacia patrones de consumo sustentable en minería, planteamos su centralidad en la gestión de conflictos locales dentro de la gobernanza ambiental latinoamericana. Este estudio forma parte de uno más amplio que abarca varios países sudamericanos.
Ecos do tempo. A mobilidade de investigadores e estudantes brasileiros em Portugal
Authors: Araújo Emília Rodrigues , Silva Silvia
Published: October 2014

A investigação que apresentamos, de caráter exploratório, recaiu sobre histórias biográficas de brasileiros que escolhem Portugal para prosseguir formação e ou investigação. Procura-se encontrar na sua experiência elos de ligação explicativos sobre as motivações e os processos que os trazem para Portugal, assim como as expetativas e os projetos que comportam para os seus futuros e que incluem, ou não, este país. Temos em conta, especialmente, a forma como essa narrativa transporta sentidos identitários decorrentes das formas de relacionamento intercultural e político entre Portugal e Brasil e formas de cooperação implícitas, assim como mapas representacionais acerca dos lugares de eleição para desenvolvimento de carreiras científicas e académicas. A nossa pesquisa incide sobre as informações recolhidas através de um inquérito por questionário e entrevistas realizadas junto de estudantes e bolseiros brasileiros em Portugal.
Ferramentas para mediação de fontes de informação: avaliação sobre seus usos em bibliotecas universitárias nacionais e internacionais
Authors: Novelli Valéria Aparecida Moreira , Hoffmann Wanda Aparecida Machado , Gracioso Luciana de Souza
Published: October 2014

A pesquisa relata o uso de ferramentas para mediação de fontes de informação por bibliotecas universitárias nacionais e internacionais. O estudo foi de caráter exploratório e utilizou análise de conteúdo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, de websites de 24 bibliotecas selecionadas dentre as melhores universidades internacionais e nacionais segundo indicadores da Webometrics Ranking of World's Universities, World University Rankings 2011-2012 e Índice Geral de Cursos. Objetivou-se investigar e identificar tendências de aplicações de ferramentas para as atividades de mediação dos processos de acesso, busca e aprendizagem do uso de fontes de informação em bibliotecas universitárias. Os resultados apontam um panorama geral de como as bibliotecas universitárias estão realizando o processo de mediação de fontes de informação, especialmente em relação às bases de dados bibliográficas. Observou-se variações na escala de implementação dessas ferramentas entre as bibliotecas internacionais e as bibliotecas nacionais, bem como o destaque de algumas delas. Conclui-se que diante da disponibilidade e acessibilidade cada vez mais crescente das fontes de informação, torna-se necessário que estas sejam utilizadas de forma eficaz e eficiente. Neste contexto cabe ao bibliotecário refletir, selecionar e implementar ações e ferramentas mais viáveis à realidade de cada biblioteca, considerando as características específicas das gerações e categorias de usuários, a diversidade de tecnologias ofertadas a estes usuários e também aos não usuários, autonomia, estímulo e facilidades para o acesso, busca e uso das fontes de informação.
Como construir indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação usando Web of Science, Derwent World Patent Index, Bibexcel e Pajek?
Authors: Ruas Terry Lima , Pereira Luciana
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um processo que explique como usar softwares livres para buscar, extrair (Bibexcel) e visualizar dados (Pajek) dos repositórios de publicações científicas (Web of Science) e tecnológicas (Derwent World Patent Index) para construção de indicadores de produtividade científica e tecnológica. Espera-se que este processo contribua como um guia metodológico para a realização de estudos cientométricos, de tal modo que permita aos pesquisadores e aos gestores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CTI) sem conhecimentos avançados em computação a obter informações de forma mais prática, porém confiáveis, dos repositórios e que, a partir delas, possam construir indicadores e elaborar avaliações mais precisas de CTI.
Uma abordagem integrada sobre ontologias: Ciência da Informação, Ciência da Computação e Filosofia
Authors: Almeida Maurício Barcellos
Published: October 2014

Ontologias têm sido propostas como uma alternativa para a criação de representações da realidade adequadas a computadores. Ao buscar pelo termo "ontologia" em um mecanismo de busca, abordagens bastante diferenciadas são encontradas. De fato, o termo "ontologia" tem sido empregado na Filosofia, Ciência da Computação e Ciência da Informação com diferentes particularidades. Para fazer bom uso do que as teorias ontológicas têm a oferecer é preciso entender o que tais teorias abordam e quais as suas origens. Esse artigo busca esclarecer o que significa estudar ontologias e quais as conexões o assunto pode fomentar entre diferentes campos de pesquisa. Inicia-se revisitando o sentido do termo no campo de pesquisa onde ele foi criado, a Filosofia, para em seguida buscar entender o seu uso atual em outros campos. Propõe-se então que o estudo de ontologias é um assunto genuíno e relevante de pesquisa em Ciência da Informação. Finalmente, conclui-se oferecendo uma visão sobre as oportunidades de pesquisa interdisciplinar no assunto.
Ontologias como suporte à avaliação enquanto tarefa intensiva em conhecimento: uma revisão bibliométrica
Authors: Freitas Junior Vanderlei , Gonçalves Alexandre Leopoldo
Published: October 2014

Objetiva analisar as publicações internacionais acerca do emprego das ontologias como suporte à tarefa avaliação enquanto tarefa intensiva em conhecimento. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliométrica em três bases de dados internacionais. Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: (i) busca sistemática da literatura, e (ii) análise e síntese das informações bibliométricas. Foram localizados 38 trabalhos, escritos por 106 autores, oriundos de 44 instituições, de 18 países diferentes. A partir da identificação destes estudos o presente trabalho contribui para a compreensão das possibilidades de aplicação das ontologias para o suporte à tarefa de avaliação enquanto tarefa intensiva em conhecimento, realizando o mapeamento das publicações internacionais desta temática e evidenciando a pequena quantidade de estudos que as relacionam.
Situación y perspectivas de la investigación científica en la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos: 2000-2012
Authors: Estrada-Cuzcano Alonso , Alfaro-Mendives Karen Lizeth
Published: October 2014

Se analiza el ascenso en la cantidad de egresados de Bibliotecología que optan por la licenciatura a través de informes profesionales en los últimos años. Asimismo, se pretende conocer el estado de la investigación en bibliotecología en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos a través del análisis de las tesis e informes profesionales de los años 2000 - 2012, determinando la cantidad de investigación producida, los temas abordados, métodos y técnicas de investigación más utilizadas, cual es la calidad investigativa de estos trabajos. Se propone como se debería reorientar la investigación de los egresados de la especialidad para la obtención de su licenciatura.
Incidence and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer
Authors: Gozzo Thais de Oliveira , Souza Sarah Gomes de , Moysés Aline Maria Bonini , Panobianco Marislei Sanches , Almeida Ana Maria de
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer and identify strategies used by them to control these signs and symptoms. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected through interviews during the last cycle of chemotherapy, between August 2011 and March 2012, in a university hospital in the State of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 22 women between the ages of 31 and 70, of whom 77.3% reported nausea and 50% vomiting during treatment. Regarding symptom management, 82% of the women reported having received some information centered on the use of prescribed medication. However, 27.3% did not know what medication they had taken. We concluded that there is a lack of systematic care and institutional protocol to guide professionals in providing standardized information to women so they can better control nausea and vomiting.
Knowledge of nursing professionals of a surgical center regarding malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Sousa Cristina Silva , Cunha Ana Lucia Mirancos
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of the nursing professionals in a surgical center about malignant hyperthermia. This is a descriptive exploratory study on malignant hyperthermia conducted with mid- and high-level nursing professionals in the surgical center of an institution located in the city of São Paulo, where the research was conducted between August and September 2013. Analysis of the data was descriptive and the average of the correct answers was compared using Student's t-test. Among the 96 participants, the two items in which at least 70% of the team showed knowledge were: the definition of malignant hyperthermia and the professionals involved in the health care provided. With respect to all test items, 70% of nurses answered 50% correctly. The same percentage of mid-level professionals answered only 20% correctly. There was no statistically significant difference between the professional categories. This study revealed insufficient knowledge on the part of the nursing team about malignant hyperthermia.
Factors related to the place of first choice for the diagnosis of tuberculosis
Authors: Dantas Dândara Nayara Azevêdo , Enders Bertha Cruz , Queiroz Ana Angélica Rêgo de , Coura Alexsandro Silva , Silva Marcela Paulino Moreira da , Menezes Rejane Maria Paiva de
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to identify factors related to the place of first choice for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted in Natal/RN, throughout February/September 2012 with 60 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis that responded a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square and Fisher test. The factors associated to the place of first choice were: having had previous contact with the disease (p=0,04); the person's awareness of the disease (p=0,018) and having had previous care at the health service unit of choice (p=0,002). It is concluded that intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence the individual's first choice of a place for care and diagnosis of diseases. It is important that nurses promote actions related to these factors, for the enhancement of early diagnosis of tuberculosis through case finding and access to the primary care unit thereby reducing the demand for emergency services.
Hygiene practices for patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Cunha Gilmara Holanda da , Araujo Thelma Leite de , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Cavalcante Tahissa Frota , Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific production on health interventions related to hygiene for adults with HIV/AIDS. An integrative literature review was performed using six databases in June 2013. The descriptors AIDS and Hygiene were used, in Portuguese, English or Spanish. A total of 682 articles were found and 16 were selected. Personal hygiene practices were identified, such as hand washing, showers, tooth brushing and quitting smoking. Food hygiene practices involved washing food and kitchen utensils, using treated water, conserving and cooking food. Environmental hygiene took into account raising domestic animals, control of disease vectors, household cleanliness, waste disposal and basic sanitation. In conclusion, these specific hygiene interventions can be applied to the general population and, especially, to people with HIV/AIDS, due to immunosuppression.