bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of two suspension bridges in Istanbul, Turkey to near- and far-fault ground motion
Authors: Çavdar Ö.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to compare the near-fault and far-fault ground motion effects on the probabilistic sensitivity dynamic responses of two suspension bridges in Istanbul. Two different types of suspension bridges are selected to investigate the near-fault (NF) and far-fault (FF) ground motion effects on the bridge sensitivity responses. NF and FF strong ground motion records, which have approximately identical peak ground accelerations, of the Kocaeli (1999) earthquake are selected for the analyses. Displacements and internal forces are determined using the probabilistic sensitivity method (PSM), which is one type of stochastic finite element method. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are validated by comparison with results of the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. The displacements and internal forces obtained from the analyses of suspension bridges subjected to each fault effect are compared with each other. It is clearly seen that there is more seismic demand on displacements and internal forces when suspension bridges are subjected to NF and FF ground motion.
Microcarrier-based Expansion Process for hMSCs with High Vitality and Undifferentiated Characteristics
Authors: Elseberg Christiane L. , Leber Jasmin , Salzig Denise , Wallrapp Christine , Kassem Moustapha , Kraume Matthias , Czermak Peter
Published: February 2012

For cell therapy, a high biomass of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is required for clinical applications, such as in the form of encapsulated implants. An easy and reproducible microcarrier-based stirred tank reactor cultivation process for hMSCs in 1.68 L scale is described. To avoid medium changes, studies comparing high-glucose DMEM (DMEM-HG) with low-glucose EMEM were performed showing that high-glucose medium has positive effects on cell proliferation and that cell differentiability remains.

Studies on the inoculation strategy and cell density, carrier concentration, volume, and stirrer speed were performed and resulted in a set of optimized parameters, inoculation strategy was found to be 45 minutes of static state and 2 minutes of stirring repeated in 4 cycles. The inoculation density was chosen to be 7×103 cells/cm2, and the carrier concentration of glass surface carrier was 25 g/L. For the described reactor system, a stirrer speed of 120 rpm for the inoculation process and a daily increase of 10 rpm up to 160 rpm were found to be suitable. Process reproducibility was shown by 3 repeated cultivations at the determined set of parameters allowing high biomass values of up to 7×108 cells per batch. With DMEM-HG, no limitation of glucose was found, and lactate and ammonia remained lower than critical inhibitory concentrations.

Comparison of the static (T-flask) and dynamic cultures in the stirred tank reactor showed for both cases, that cells were of high vitality and both maintained differentiability. In both cases, encapsulation of the cells resulted in high bead vitality, a basic requirement for cell therapy application.
Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics of Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Betta Pier-Giacomo , Magnani Corrado , Bensi Thea , Trincheri Nicol Francesca , Orecchia Sara
Published: February 2012

Context.—The pathologic approach to pleural-based lesions is stepwise and uses morphologic assessment, correlated with clinical and imaging data supplemented by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and more recently, molecular tests, as an aid for 2 main diagnostic problems: malignant mesothelioma (MM) versus other malignant tumors and malignant versus reactive mesothelial proliferations.

Objective.—To present the current knowledge regarding IHC and molecular tests with respect to MM diagnosis, and in particular, the differentiation of the epithelioid type of MM from carcinoma metastatic to the pleural cavity.

Data Sources.—A review of immunohistochemical features of 286 consecutive MMs from 459 cases of pleural pathology, diagnosed during routine practice from 2003 to 2009. A survey of biomedical journal literature from MedLine/PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) focused on MM and associated tissue-based diagnostic IHC markers and molecular tests.

Conclusions.—The search for a single diagnostic marker of MM has so far been discouraging, given the biologic and phenotypic tumor heterogeneity of MM. The use of antibody panels has gained unanimous acceptance especially in the differential diagnosis between MM and metastatic carcinoma, whereas the usefulness of IHC is more limited when dealing with spindle cell malignancies or distinguishing malignant from reactive mesothelium. A great degree of interlaboratory variability in antibody combinations and clone selection within diagnostic panels still exists. Current investigations aim at selecting the most suitable and cost-effective combination of antibodies by using novel statistical approaches for assessing diagnostic performance beyond the traditional measures of sensitivity and specificity.
Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Orwat Dennis E , Batalis Nicholas I
Published: February 2012

A rare type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma primarily affects the middle-aged to elderly population, with a slight predominance in men. By the time of presentation, most patients have advanced, disseminated disease, and often the diagnosis is made at autopsy. Patients may present with any of a myriad of symptoms, with any tissue potentially being infiltrated. Central nervous system and cutaneous involvement is common, as is the presence of B symptoms including fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Morphologically, growth of neoplastic cells is restricted to the lumen of small vessels. The cells are large, with 1 or more prominent nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and frequent mitotic figures, and are commonly positive for cluster of differentiation markers 79a, 20, and 19, as well as MUM1/IRF4 and Bcl-2. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is aggressive, and without treatment is rapidly fatal.
Signet-Ring Cell Melanoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Grilliot Melissa A , Goldblum John R , Liu Xiuli
Published: February 2012

We report the first case, to our knowledge, of a possible primary, signet-ring cell melanoma of the gastroesophageal junction. The mass was initially diagnosed as an invasive, poorly differentiated carcinoma; however, on further review and immunohistochemical workup, the diagnosis of signet-ring cell melanoma was made. The lesion consisted of oval to round epithelioid cells undermining the gastric mucosa and infiltrating the muscularis mucosae. Tumor cells demonstrated abundant cytoplasm and eccentrically located nuclei, many with signet-ring cell morphology. The tumor cells were negative for mucin and pancytokeratin, strongly positive for S100 protein and Melan-A, and focally but strongly positive for human melanoma black-45. Diagnostic imaging failed to prove another site of melanoma, and no history of melanoma or cutaneous lesion was reported by the patient. Therefore, it was determined this was likely a primary lesion. We review the literature and previously reported cases of this rare histologic variant of melanoma.
Lymphoproliferative Conditions of the Serosa
Authors: Attanoos Richard
Published: February 2012

Context.—A diverse and complex variety of lymphoproliferative diseases may involve the serosa, with widely differing clinical outcomes encompassing a spectrum of benign and malignant conditions.

Objective.—To review lymphoproliferative disease involving the serosa and to provide a practical approach to the evaluation of lymphoid and plasma cell infiltrates in the serosa, together with a review of various tumors and tumorlike conditions that may mimic lymphoproliferative disease.

Data Sources.—Analysis of published literature.

Conclusions.—All forms of hematologic malignancy may

involve the various serosal sites, although this is usually observed as secondary involvement in persons with known lymph nodal, marrow-based, or extranodal disease. Primary pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal lymphomas are rare; many nonneoplastic conditions may mimic lymphoma and a variety of nonhematolymphoid tumors may simulate hematologic malignancies. An understanding of the role of ancillary tests, together with an appreciation of their limitations, will prevent misdiagnosis.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Gastrointestinal Pathology: A Southern Africa Perspective With Review of the Literature (Part 1: Infections)
Authors: Slavik Tomas
Published: February 2012

Context.—Human immunodeficiency virus infection is rife in sub-Saharan Africa and in southern Africa in particular. Despite the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy in this region, opportunistic infections remain common and frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective.—To review the histopathologic findings and distinguishing features of human immunodeficiency virus–associated gastrointestinal infections in southern Africa and relate those findings to the documented international literature.

Data Sources.—The available literature on this topic was reviewed and supplemented with personal experience in a private histopathology practice in South Africa.

Conclusions.—In southern Africa, the range of gastrointestinal, opportunistic infectious pathology in human immunodeficiency virus afflicted patients is diverse and includes viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. This infectious pathology is sometimes a manifestation of systemic disease. In profoundly immunocompromised patients, unusual histologic features, involvement of uncommon gastrointestinal tract sites, and more than one pathogen may be seen.
Sound Off!: Learning from Finland: Formative Assessment
Authors: Hendrickson Katie A.
Published: February 2012

This article examines the use of formative assessment practices in Finland classrooms, including intervention, teacher feedback, and student self-evaluation, and explores connections between standardized testing and formative assessment.
Tapering Timbers: Finding the Volume of Conical Frustums
Authors: Jones Dustin L. , Coleman Max
Published: February 2012

Many everyday objects–paper cups, muffins, and flowerpots–are examples of conical frustums. Shouldn't the volume of such figures have a central place in the geometry curriculum?
Preparation and Use of Polystyryl‐DABCOF2: An Efficient Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst for β‐Azidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones in Water
Authors: Angelini Tommaso , Lanari Daniela , Maggi Raimondo , Pizzo Ferdinando , Sartori Giovanni , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: February 2012

Novel solid fluorides were prepared to optimize the β‐azidation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones. The higher loading of these catalysts compared to that of commercially available fluorides has allowed the use of a smaller mass of catalyst helping the mixing of the reaction mixture. Porous polymeric supports have proved to be more efficient in the presence of water as reaction medium. Water has played a crucial role showing a beneficial effect on the reactivity by improving dispersion of the reaction mixture and also by avoiding organic fouling caused by the retention of the reaction mixture within the polymeric matrix. This has facilitated the recovery of the products from the catalyst. The protocol reported has allowed a significant reduction in the organic solvent required for the complete recovery of the pure product whilst leaving the catalyst clean and reusable. E‐factors are in the range of 5.9–10.5 and therefore ca. 3 times smaller than previous procedures operating under solvent‐free conditions. To further improve the efficiency of our approach we have developed a protocol operating in a continuous‐flow manner that has allowed us to achieve an E‐factor of 1.7–1.9, with a reduction of ca. 80% of the corresponding batch conditions. The continuous‐flow protocol has allowed us to minimize the use of trimethylsilyl azide making the recovery and reuse of water and catalyst 5f very efficient and simple. Finally, a novel reduction system using palladium on alumina (5 mol%) and equimolar amount of formic acid has been used in the presence of 1 equivalent of di‐tert‐butyl pyrocarbonate to set a multistep protocol operating in continuous‐flow conditions for the preparation of two representative N‐Boc‐β‐amino ketones starting from the corresponding enones with E‐factors of 3.2 and 2.7, respectively.
Iron‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Reduction of Aromatic Ketones with Chiral P2N4‐Type Macrocycles
Authors: Yu Shenluan , Shen Weiyi , Li Yanyun , Dong Zhenrong , Xu Yaqing , Li Qi , Zhang Juanni , Gao Jingxing
Published: February 2012

Novel P2N4‐donors containing chiral 22‐membered macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized and the structures have been determined by an X‐ray diffraction study. The catalytic systems in situ generated from triiron dodecarbonyl, Fe3(CO)12, and the chiral macrocyclic ligand exhibited high activity (TOF up to 1940 h−1) and excellent enantioselectivity with up to 99% ee in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various aromatic ketones.
Procedural pain and brain development in premature newborns
Authors: Brummelte Susanne , Grunau Ruth E. , Chau Vann , Poskitt Kenneth J. , Brant Rollin , Vinall Jillian , Gover Ayala , Synnes Anne R. , Miller Steven P.
Published: February 2012

Objective:

Preterm infants are exposed to multiple painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during a period of rapid brain development. Our aim was to examine relationships between procedural pain in the NICU and early brain development in very preterm infants.

Methods:

Infants born very preterm (N = 86; 24–32 weeks gestational age) were followed prospectively from birth, and studied with magnetic resonance imaging, 3‐dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging: scan 1 early in life (median, 32.1 weeks) and scan 2 at term‐equivalent age (median, 40 weeks). We calculated N‐acetylaspartate to choline ratios (NAA/choline), lactate to choline ratios, average diffusivity, and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) from up to 7 white and 4 subcortical gray matter regions of interest. Procedural pain was quantified as the number of skin‐breaking events from birth to term or scan 2. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation modeling adjusting for clinical confounders such as illness severity, morphine exposure, brain injury, and surgery.

Results:

After comprehensively adjusting for multiple clinical factors, greater neonatal procedural pain was associated with reduced white matter FA (β = −0.0002, p = 0.028) and reduced subcortical gray matter NAA/choline (β = −0.0006, p = 0.004). Reduced FA was predicted by early pain (before scan 1), whereas lower NAA/choline was predicted by pain exposure throughout the neonatal course, suggesting a primary and early effect on subcortical structures with secondary white matter changes.

Interpretation:

Early procedural pain in very preterm infants may contribute to impaired brain development. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Synthesis and characterization of novel aromatic poly(ester amide)s containing pendant trifluoromethylphenoxy groups
Authors: Liu Yong‐Jun , Pei Xue‐Liang , Sheng Shou‐Ri , Yang Fang , Liu Xiao‐Ling , Song Cai‐Sheng
Published: February 2012

A new diamine monomer, 1,4‐bis(4‐aminophenoxycarbonyl)‐2‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene containing the trifluoromethyl and ester groups, was prepared from 2‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)terephthalyol chloride and 4‐nitrophenol in two steps. Then, a series of novel aromatic poly(ester amide)s containing pendant trifluoromethylphenoxy groups with inherent viscosities of 0.51–1.14 dL/g have been prepared by low‐temperature solution polycondensation from this diamine with various aromatic diacid chlorides. All the poly(ester amide)s are amorphous and readily soluble in many organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and dimethyl sulfoxide. Tough and flexible polymer films cast from DMAc solutions have tensile strengths of 89–114 MPa, elongations at break of 5.8–8.8%, and initial moduli of 2.2–3.2 GPa. These poly(ester amide)s show glass transition temperatures between 166 and 256°C, 10% weight loss temperatures ranging from 395 to 445°C, and char yields higher of 46–56% at 800°C in nitrogen, and also exhibit low dielectric constants ranging from 3.31 to 3.52 (1 MHz), and high transparency with an ultraviolet–visible absorption cut‐off wavelength in the 362–380 nm range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mechanism of Lithium Storage in MoS2 and the Feasibility of Using Li2S/Mo Nanocomposites as Cathode Materials for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Fang Xiangpeng , Guo Xianwei , Mao Ya , Hua Chunxiu , Shen Lanyao , Hu Yongsheng , Wang Zhaoxiang , Wu Feng , Chen Liquan
Published: February 2012

The most‐popular strategy to improve the cycling stability and rate performance of the sulfur electrode in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is to astrict the sulfur in a conducting medium by using complicated chemical/physical processing. Lithium sulfide (Li2S) has been proposed as an alternative electrode material to sulfur. However, for its application, it must meet challenges such as high instability in air together with all of the drawbacks of a sulfur–containing electrode. Herein, we report the feasibility of using Li2S, which was obtained by electrochemical conversion of commercial molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) into Li2S and metallic molybdenium (Mo) at low voltages, as a high‐performance active material in Li–S batteries. Metallic Mo prevented the dissolution of lithium polysulfides into the electrolyte and enhanced the conductivity of the sulfide electrode. Therefore, the in situ electrochemically prepared Li2S/Mo composite exhibited both high cycling stability and high sulfur utilization.
Metabolism and excretion studies of oral administered naringin, a putative antitussive, in rats and dogs
Authors: Liu Menghua , Zou Wei , Yang Cuiping , Peng Wei , Su Weiwei
Published: February 2012

Naringin, a major active flavonone glycoside from a traditional Chinese medicine Huajuhong, has been demonstrated to have activities such as peripheral antitussive, mucoregulator and anti‐inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the metabolism and mass balance of orally administered naringin in rats and dogs. After oral administration of naringin to rats and dogs at doses of 42 mg/kg and 12.4 mg/kg, respectively, metabolites in excreta were identified using a LC‐Q‐TOF system. The major metabolites including naringin, total naringenin (including free naringenin and its conjugates) and 4‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid in excreta were quantified by a LC‐MS/MS system. Twenty‐two metabolites were identified in dogs and 17 metabolites were detected in rats. The observed routes of naringin metabolism were hydroxylation, methylation, acetylation, hydrogenation, deglycosylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, sulfation, glucosylation, ring‐fission, oxidation, glycine conjugation and dehydroxylation. On the basis of these identified metabolites, a comprehensive metabolic pathway of naringin was proposed. About 21% of administered naringin was recovered in rat excreta in the form of naringin, total naringenin and 4‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and about 60% was recovered in dog excreta. The levels of 4‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid in excreta were higher than those of naringin and total naringenin, and the quantified metabolites were excreted more through feces, rather than urine. Most of these metabolites were excreted within 36 h post dose. The results of metabolism and excretion studies provide an explanation for future pharmacological and toxicological findings and are the groundwork for clinical studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrum of congenital anomalies in pregnancies with pregestational diabetes
Authors: Garne Ester , Loane Maria , Dolk Helen , Barisic Ingeborg , Addor Marie‐Claude , Arriola Larraitz , Bakker Marian , Calzolari Elisa , Matias Dias Carlos , Doray Berenice , Gatt Miriam , Melve Kari Klyungsoyr , Nelen Vera , O'Mahony Mary , Pierini Anna , Randrianaivo‐Ranjatoelina Hanitra , Rankin Judith , Rissmann Anke , Tucker David , Verellun‐Dumoulin Christine , Wiesel Awi
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND

Maternal pregestational diabetes is a well‐known risk factor for congenital anomalies. This study analyses the spectrum of congenital anomalies associated with maternal diabetes using data from a large European database for the population‐based surveillance of congenital anomalies.

METHODS

Data from 18 population‐based EUROCAT registries of congenital anomalies in 1990‐2005. All malformed cases occurring to mothers with pregestational diabetes (diabetes cases) were compared to all malformed cases in the same registry areas to mothers without diabetes (non‐diabetes cases).

RESULTS

There were 669 diabetes cases and 92,976 non diabetes cases. Odds ratios in diabetes pregnancies relative to non‐diabetes pregnancies comparing each EUROCAT subgroup to all other non‐chromosomal anomalies combined showed significantly increased odds ratios for neural tube defects (anencephaly and encephalocele, but not spina bifida) and several subgroups of congenital heart defects. Other subgroups with significantly increased odds ratios were anotia, omphalocele and bilateral renal agenesis. Frequency of hip dislocation was significantly lower among diabetes (odds ratio 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.39) than non‐diabetes cases. Multiple congenital anomalies were present in 13.6 % of diabetes cases and 6.1 % of non‐diabetes cases. The odds ratio for caudal regression sequence was very high (26.40,95% CI 8.98–77.64), but only 17% of all caudal regression cases resulted from a pregnancy with pregestational diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

The increased risk of congenital anomalies in pregnancies with pregestational diabetes is related to specific non‐chromosomal congenital anomalies and multiple congenital anomalies and not a general increased risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of soccer matches on neutrophil and lymphocyte functions in female university soccer players
Authors: Tsubakihara Tetsuya , Umeda Takashi , Takahashi Ippei , Matsuzaka Masashi , Iwane Kaori , Tanaka Mitsuhiro , Matsuda Motoko , Oyamada Kazuyuki , Aruga Reiko , Nakaji Shigeyuki
Published: February 2012

In this study, changes in physical fatigue and biological functions of Japanese female soccer players were investigated by determining changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte functions. Study subjects included 18 female soccer players. Body composition, serum myogenic enzymes, neutrophil function, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activity (PA) and serum opsonic activity, as well as lymphocyte subpopulation were measured before and after a soccer match. Levels of myogenic enzymes (AST, ALT, CK and LDH) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) and complements (C3) increased significantly after the match. In addition, leukocyte, neutrophils and lymphocyte counts increased whereas total PA decreased significantly. The number of T and Th1 cells (subsets of T helper cells) decreased whereas Th2 increased significantly. In addition, the number of B cells increased and NK cells decreased significantly after the match. The match was found to result in degenerative changes in and damage to athlete muscle tissues together with damage‐ and change‐mediated stress. These data also suggest a post‐match accelerated inflammatory reaction and potential immunosuppression as indicated by reductions in neutrophil PA and lymphocyte functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of basic sciences in health's courses
Authors: Azzalis L. A. , Giavarotti L. , Sato S. N. , Barros N. M. T. , Junqueira V. B. C. , Fonseca F. L. A.
Published: February 2012

Concepts from disciplines such as Biochemistry, Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology are essential to the understanding and treatment of an elevated number of illnesses, but often they are studied separately, with no integration between them. This article proposes a model for basic sciences integration based on problem‐based learning (PBL) and compares failure rate, global final grade, approved student final grade, grade distribution and students' satisfaction with teacher conduction between integrated curriculum and traditional learning in health courses from Anhembi Morumbi University—a private institution from Brazil. Comparison between integrated and traditional curriculum was based on students' records obtained from first‐year health sciences students. A total of 1,697 records from 2005 to 2007 (nonintegrated curriculum) and 785 records from 2008 (integrated curriculum) were selected for this study and they were necessary to get information about students' grades. Moreover, a questionnaire was applied in order to cover student's satisfaction with teacher conduction. The data presented in this study indicated that the integrated curriculum based on PBL was related to an improvement in student's grades and satisfaction compared with traditional teaching. We believe that the effectiveness in health education will be a combination of “classical” presentation of contents associated to actively involved students in the educational process and methodology based on problems in order to create the stimulus for the undergraduates continue to integrate basic and clinical investigation.
Effect of hydrocortisone on the production and glycosylation of an Fc‐fusion protein in CHO cell cultures
Authors: Rouiller Yolande , Périlleux Arnaud , Marsaut Milène , Stettler Matthieu , Vesin Marie‐Noëlle , Broly Hervé
Published: February 2012

Glucocorticoids are known to modulate various cellular functions such as cell proliferation, metabolism, glycosylation, and secretion of many proteins. We tested the effect of hydrocortisone (HC) on cell growth, viability, metabolism, protein production, and glycosylation of an Fc‐protein expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture. HC extended cell viability but impaired cell growth. The inhibitory effect on cell growth was dose‐dependent and decreased when the glucocorticoid addition was delayed. When HC was added after 2 or 3 days of culture, an increase in glutamate consumption was observed, which was reversed by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (Mif). Titer and specific productivity increased in the presence of HC. The increase in titer was only slightly reversed by Mif. On the other hand, Mif by itself induced an increase in titer to a level comparable to or higher than HC. Protein glycosylation was altered by the glucocorticoid in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, with a shift to more acidic bands, which correlated with an increase in sialic acid moieties. This increase, which was not linked to a decrease in extracellular sialidase activity in HC‐treated cultures, was reversed by Mif. Predictive models based on design of experiments enabled the definition of optimal conditions for process performance in terms of viability and titer and for the quality of the Fc‐fusion protein in terms of glycosylation. The data obtained suggest a use of glucocorticoids for commercial production of Fc‐fusion proteins expressed in CHO cells. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Verification of a standardized method for inserting intramuscular EMG electrodes into uniquely oriented segments of gluteus minimus and gluteus medius
Authors: Semciw A.I. , Green R.A. , Pizzari T. , Briggs C.
Published: February 2012

Guidelines for assessing the function of gluteus minimus and gluteus medius with electromyography (EMG) traditionally offer one electrode placement site per muscle. However, anatomical studies suggest that there are two uniquely oriented segments within gluteus minimus (anterior and posterior), and three within gluteus medius (anterior, middle, and posterior) with potential for independent function. Assessment of these muscles with one electrode may therefore provide only a limited account of their role. Thus, the aim of this cadaveric study was to verify guidelines for placing intramuscular electrodes into two uniquely oriented segments of gluteus minimus, and three segments of gluteus medius. The guidelines were developed with reference to anatomical reports, cadaveric observation and real‐time ultrasound imaging in vivo. Five cadaveric gluteal regions were marked for intramuscular electrode insertions based on these guidelines. Intramuscular electrodes were inserted into the marked regions of gluteus minimus (2×) and gluteus medius (3×) with the aid of a 15 cm biopsy needle. Systematic dissection revealed that electrodes were successfully inserted into uniquely oriented segments of gluteus minimus and medius. The orientation of fascicles surrounding each electrode was also consistent with segmental descriptions in past anatomical research. The findings of this research suggest that the guidelines described may be used to assess the functional role of segments within gluteus minimus and medius in health and dysfunction using EMG. Finally, electromyographers intent on investigating the role of posterior gluteus minimus must be cautious of the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle. Clin. Anat., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of IgLON cell adhesion molecules changes proliferation and cell size of cortical astrocytes
Authors: Sugimoto Chiaki , Morita Shoko , Miyata Seiji
Published: February 2012

IgLON family is a subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules and composed of limbic system‐associated protein (LAMP), opioid binding cell adhesion molecule (OBCAM), neurotrimin (Ntm) and Kilon. In the present study, we investigated the overexpression of LAMP, OBCAM, Ntm and Kilon on the proliferation and cell size of type‐1 astrocytes in vitro. Quantitative analysis using bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry revealed that the expression of OBCAM had greater inhibitory effect on astrocytic proliferation as compared with LAMP, Ntm and Kilon ones. OBCAM overexpression increased the cell size of astrocytes as compared with the control. The treatment of FGF‐2 had greater proliferative effect on OBCAM‐transfected astrocytes as compared with the control. These results suggest that OBCAM is more potent regulator for controlling the proliferation and cell size of astrocytes as compared with other IgLON proteins possibly through FGF‐2 receptor‐mediated pathway. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human OCTN2 (SLC22A5) is down‐regulated in virus‐ and nonvirus‐mediated cancer
Authors: Scalise Mariafrancesca , Galluccio Michele , Accardi Rosita , Cornet Iris , Tommasino Massimo , Indiveri Cesare
Published: February 2012

The expression of carnitine plasma membrane transporter OCTN2 was evaluated in virus and nonvirus‐mediated cancer. Both OCTN2 mRNA and protein levels were reduced in keratinocytes retrotransduced with HPV16 E6 and E7 compared with the control. The OCTN2 expression was reduced also in keratinocytes retrotransduced with the sole HPV16 E6. A similar down‐regulation of OCTN2 mRNA level was observed in a naturally HPV16‐infected cancer cell line, CaSki, harbouring several copies of HPV16 whole genome. The mechanism of down‐regulation is not related to p53 transcriptional activity because in SAOS (p53‐null) cell line, the restoration of p53 expression did not rescue OCTN2 expression. The treatment of keratinocytes retrotransduced with HPV16 E6 and E7 with 5‐aza‐cytidine rescued the OCTN2 expression, indicating that the mechanism of down‐regulation is linked to DNA methylation. Low levels of mRNA expression of OCTN2 were found also in several nonvirus‐related epithelial cancer cell lines. The treatment of those cell lines with 5‐aza‐cytidine again rescued the expression of OCTN2 as well. These data demonstrate for the first time that the OCTN2 transporter is generally down‐regulated in virus and nonvirus‐mediated epithelial cancers, probably via methylation of its promoter region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation and Decay of the Dehydrogenated Parent Anion upon Electron Attachment to Dialanine
Authors: Gschliesser David , Vizcaino Violaine , Probst Michael , Scheier Paul , Denifl Stephan
Published: February 2012

The dehydrogenated parent anion [M−H]− is one of the most dominant anions formed in dissociative electron attachment to various small biomolecules like nucleobases and single amino acids. In the present study, we investigate the [M−H]− channel for the dipeptide dialanine by utilizing an electron monochromator and a two‐sector‐field mass spectrometer. At electron energies below 2 eV, the measured high‐resolution ion‐efficiency curve has a different shape to that for the single amino acid alanine, which is explained by the altered threshold energies for formation of [M−H]− determined in quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, the structure of the formed [M−H]− anion is further studied by investigating the unimolecular and collision‐induced decay of this anion. Trajectory calculations have been carried out to aid the interpretation of the experimentally observed fragmentation patterns.
Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organosilicon Compounds in the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Retinoids
Authors: Bergueiro Julián , Montenegro Javier , Cambeiro Fermín , Saá Carlos , López Susana
Published: February 2012

This paper presents a full account of the use of Hiyama cross‐coupling reactions in a highly convergent approach to retinoids in which the key step is construction of the central C10C11 bond. Representatives of two families of oxygen‐activated dienyl silanes (ethoxysilanes and silanols) and of all reported families of “safety‐catch” silanols (siletanes, silyl hydrides, allyl‐, benzyl‐, aryl‐, 2‐pyridyl‐ and 2‐thienylsilanes) were regio‐ and stereoselectively prepared and stereospecifically coupled to an appropriate electrophile by treatment with a palladium catalyst and a nucleophilic activator. Both all‐trans and 11‐cis‐retinoids, and their chain‐demethylated analogues, were obtained in good yields regardless of the geometry (E/Z) and of the steric congestion in each fragment. This comprehensive study conclusively establishes the Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction, with its mild reaction conditions and stable, easily prepared, ecologically advantageous silicon‐based coupling partners, as the most effective route to retinoids reported to date.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Production of Furfural from Xylose
Authors: Forstner Jochen , Unkelbach Gerd , Pindel Elvira , Schweppe Rainer
Published: February 2012

Die heterogen katalysierte Dehydratisierung von nachwachsenden C5‐Rohstoffen zu Furfural mit Wasser als einzigem Lösungsmittel wird beschrieben. Furfural kann fossile Verbindungen im großen Maßstab für Polymere, Lösungsmittel, Feinchemikalien und Treibstoffe ablösen. Zur Erreichung dieses Ziels wurden kommerzielle Katalysatoren untersucht und neue Katalysatoren synthetisiert. Die Besonderheit des Prozesses im Gegensatz zu aktuellen Arbeiten liegt im Verzicht auf überkritische Fluide, organische Lösungsmittel, Phasenhilfsmittel und ionische Flüssigkeiten für höhere Produktqualitäten.
Deposition of silver nanoparticles onto human serum albumin‐functionalised multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Galván Andrés , Contreras‐Torres Flavio F. , Basiuk Elena V. , Heredia Alejandro , Basiuk Vladimir A.
Published: February 2012

To facilitate the design of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based hybrid materials, a strategic approach for nanotube dispersion in aqueous media is required. This means that the reactants must exhibit certain selectivity towards both the nanotubes and the solvent medium. The main goal of this study was to prepare new bionanomaterials based on human serum albumin (HSA) and multi‐walled CNTs (MWCNTs), under mild conditions and without covalent modification of the nanotubes. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of a controlled particle size, about 2‐nm diameter, were prepared and directly deposited onto the HSA‐functionalised MWCNTs. The characterisation of AgNP/HSA‐MWCNT hybrids prepared was carried out by scanning tunneling microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of the AgNPs was corroborated by elemental chemical analysis using TEM‐coupled energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The density of AgNPs coverage is discussed as a function of HSA concentration, the strength of the reducing agent, and the nature of protein employed (HSA vs. bovine serum albumin and rotavirus nucleocapsid protein VP6). © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Density, Thermal Expansion and Viscosity of Cholinium‐Derived Ionic Liquids
Authors: Costa Anabela J. L. , Soromenho Mário R. C. , Shimizu Karina , Marrucho Isabel M. , Esperança José M. S. S. , Lopes José N. Canongia , Rebelo Luís Paulo N.
Published: February 2012

Density and viscosity data of the N‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids homologous series [N1 1 n 2(OH)][Ntf2] with n=1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been measured at atmospheric pressure in the 283<T/K<373 temperature range and the corresponding isobaric thermal expansion coefficients have been calculated. This work studies the effect of increasing the alkyl chain length of the cholinium‐based cation on the density, viscosity and related properties of this family of ionic liquids. A volumetric predictive method based on the effective molar volume of cations and anions is used to estimate the effective molar volume of the different cations present in this study. The results agree with data for other cation families that show a molar volume increment per CH2 group on the alkyl chain of the cation of about 17.2 cm3 mol−1, except for [N1 1 1 2(OH)]+, which exhibits an outlier behaviour. Molecular dynamics simulation results are used to explain the volumetric behaviour along the homologous series from a molecular perspective. The predictive power of group contribution methods for density and viscosity is also tested.
Rapid‐Throughput Competitive Colorimetric Assay Based on Monosaccharide‐Capped Gold Nanoparticles for Detecting Lectin–Protein Interactions
Authors: Tsai Charng‐Sheng , Chen Chao‐Tsen
Published: February 2012

Identification of protein binding partners is one of key challenges in proteomics. A rapid‐throughput competitive colorimetric assay is presented that uses gold nanoparticles capped by sugars such as mannopyranoside (Man–GNPs), N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc–GNPs), glucose (Glc–GNPs), or N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc–GNPs). The assay expediently detects protein–protein interactions in solution, particularly protein–lectin interactions. The competitive assays were conducted in microtiter plates; ten proteins (two glycoproteins and eight lectins) and three sugar‐binding lectins (concanavalin A (ConA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120)) were combinatorially arranged in a 30‐well plate, and constant concentrations of the monosaccharide‐capped GNPs (sugar–GNPs) were added to each well. If interactions occurred between the proteins, the sugar–GNPs retained their burgundy color. If no interactions occurred between the proteins, the sugar–GNPs were agglomerated by the corresponding binding lectin, thus producing a blue color. Several new binding pairs were identified for the first time by using this assay, and the binding constants and stoichiometric ratios were determined on the basis of the wavelength shifts. The results were further verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy. The assay is very sensitive, requiring only nanomolar protein concentrations.
Carbon‐Supported Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts for the Conversion of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Han Junxing , Duan Jinzhao , Chen Ping , Lou Hui , Zheng Xiaoming , Hong Haiping
Published: February 2012

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)‐supported molybdenum carbide catalysts were successfully prepared in one pot using a solvent‐evaporation‐induced self‐assembly strategy accompanied by a carbothermal hydrogen reduction reaction. Characterization with nitrogen sorption, small‐angle XRD, and TEM confirmed that the obtained materials had high surface areas, large pore volumes, ordered mesoporous structures, narrow pore size distributions, and uniform dispersions of molybdenum carbide particles. With nitrogen replaced by hydrogen in the carbothermal reduction reaction, the formation temperature of molybdenum carbide could be reduced by more than 100 °C. By changing the amount of molybdenum precursor added from less than 2 % to more than 5 %, molybdenum carbide structures could be easily regulated from Mo2C to MoC. The catalytic performance of OMC‐supported molybdenum carbide catalysts was evaluated by hydrodeoxygenation of vegetable oils. Compared with Mo2C, MoC exhibited high product selectivity and excellent resistance to leaching in the conversion of vegetable oils into diesel‐like hydrocarbons.
New Insights from Microcalorimetry on the FeOx/CNT‐Based Electrocatalysts Active in the Conversion of CO2 to Fuels
Authors: Arrigo Rosa , Schuster Manfred E. , Wrabetz Sabine , Girgsdies Frank , Tessonnier Jean‐Philippe , Centi Gabriele , Perathoner Siglinda , Su Dang Sheng , Schlögl Robert
Published: February 2012

Fe oxide nanoparticles show enhanced electrocatalytic performance in the reduction of CO2 to isopropanol when deposited on an N‐functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) support rather than on a pristine or oxidized CNT support. XRD and high‐resolution TEM were used to investigate the nanostructure of the electrocatalysts, and CO2 adsorptive microcalorimetry was used to study the chemical nature of the interaction of CO2 with the surface sites. Although the particles always present the same Fe3O4 phase, their structural anisotropy and size inhomogeneity are consequences of the preparation method of the carbon surface. Two types of chemisorption sites have been determined by using microcalorimetry: irreversible sites (280 kJ mol−1) at the uncoordinated sites of the facets and reversible sites (120 kJ mol−1) at the hydrated oxide surface of the small nanoparticles. N‐Functionalization of the carbon support is advantageous, as it causes the formation of small nanoparticles, which are highly populated by reversible chemisorbing sites. These characteristic features correlate with a higher electrocatalytic performance.
Analysis of multi‐gigabits signal integrity through clock H‐tree
Authors: Eudes Thomas , Ravelo Blaise
Published: February 2012

The H‐tree interconnect network is frequently used for the clock signal sharing in the microelectronic systems. Due to the increase of complexity and operating processing data speed, these interconnect effects can bottleneck the technological advancement. Hence, more accurate interconnect modelling methods are necessary for electronic designers. For this reason, a simple and accurate ultra‐wide band (UWB) model of multilevel distributed interconnection clock trees as a single input multiple outputs (SIMO) system is developed in this article. Very accurate single input single output (SISO) model transfer functions are derived. This method allows the signal integrity prediction regarding the distributed H‐tree characteristics including the source and load impedances. In order to demonstrate the relevance of model developed, analyses of two‐ and three‐level tree networks were performed. Distributed H‐tree realistic devices formed by sub‐millimetre physical length lines for applications for standardised Printed Circuit Board (PCB) interconnections were experimented numerically. The piece of lines constituting the trees is modelled by UWB RLCG network from DC to 8 GHz which takes into account the frequency dispersions and dielectric loss effects. Thus, excellent correlations between simulations and the results from the models proposed were observed both in frequency and time domains regarding 2.5 Gbits/s clock input. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collective Modes in Classical Mass‐Asymmetric Bilayers
Authors: Golden K. I. , Kalman G. J. , Hartmann P. , Donkó Z.
Published: February 2012

Using the quasi‐localized charge approximation (QLCA), we analyze the effects of asymmetry on the long‐wavelength longitudinal collective mode dispersion in a variety of strongly correlated electronic bilayer liquids, most notably, the mass‐asymmetric electron‐hole bilayer in its Coulomb liquid and dipole liquid phases. We point out the marked differences between the strong coupling (QLCA) and weak coupling (random‐phase‐approximation) descriptions of the way the asymmetry affects the collective mode structure (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recent instrumental progress in mass spectrometry: advancing resolution, accuracy, and speed of drug detection
Authors: Thevis Mario , Volmer Dietrich A.
Published: February 2012

Fast and unequivocal drug detection is of considerable importance in numerous fields of analytical chemistry, and today mass spectrometry‐based approaches are often the method of choice due to their sensitive and specific nature. Mass spectrometry is in constant flux with innovations and thus supports the development of new, complementary assays for rapid determination of drugs and toxins as well as their metabolic products in clinical, forensic, and doping control laboratories. Examples of such innovations that have greatly aided the worldwide bioanalytical efforts are the modern improvements in ion trap, for example, Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer ‐ Orbitrap, and time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass analyzers when coupled with sensitive ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization. In this perspective, the utility of state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometers and recent instrumental developments such as new and/or improved hybrid analyzers are discussed and selected applications presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of orotic acid, creatinine and uric acid by orthogonal signal correction‐partial least squares in spiked real samples
Authors: Khajehsharifi Habiboallah , Tavallali Hossein , Shekoohi Manzar , Sadeghi Maasumeh
Published: February 2012

An orthogonal signal correction‐partial least squares (OSC‐PLS) method was developed for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of orotic acid (OA), creatinine (CRE), and uric acid (UA) in spiked real samples. By multivariate calibration methods, such as PLS regression, it is possible to obtain a model adjusted to the concentration values of the mixtures used in the calibration range. The effect of OSC used to remove the information unrelated to the target variables is studied. In this study, the calibration model is based on absorption spectra in the 220–320 nm rang for 36 different mixtures of OA, CRE and UA. Calibration matrices contained 1.74–47.00 of OA, 1.13–33.95 of CRE, and 1.68–28.58 of UA in µg/ml. The number of principal component for OA, CRE, and UA with OSC were 3, 4, and 4, and 4, 6, and 5, without OSC, respectively. The evaluation of the prediction errors for the prediction set reveals that the OSC‐treated data give substantially lower root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values than the original data. The RMSEP for OA, CRE, and UA with OSC were 0.69, 0.20, and 0.53 and 0.80, 0.69, and 0.73 without OSC, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of OA, CRE, and UA in spiked biological fluids with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.