bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 during pregnancy. Analytical inspection
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ischenko G.I.
Published: May 2021

The cause of the current pandemic was the rapid spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the development of respiratory syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women have the higher risk of morbidity and mortality than non-pregnant women. Pregnancy is the vulnerable condition that may contribute to a higher risk of infection due to the change in physiology during gestation. Physiologic, metabolic, and vascular changes in normal and high-risk pregnancies may affect risks for severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 during pregnancy explains the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors to enter target cells. Its regulation during pregnancy may increase the risk of respiratory syndrome with COVID-19. The virus, by binding to receptors, causes decreasing its regulation and can lead to increasing angiotensin II, relative to angiotensin 1, 7, which is manifested by vasoconstriction and vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Coronavirus disease and preeclampsia have partially the same pathophysiological mechanism, which includes endothelial dysfunction and coagulation disorders. There is systemic inflammation or microcirculation disorders, which is characterized by vasoconstriction and ischemia, hypercoagulation. Thus, abnormalities that are characteristic of COVID-19 infection are similar to those that occur with preeclampsia during pregnancy. In addition, the known pathological mechanism of COVID-19 is an excessive anti-inflammatory response called the cytokine storm. The immune response is sufficiently altered during pregnancy, which can significantly alter the laboratory and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Therefore, the combination of these conditions can potentially lead to vascular damage. Currently, there are very limited data on the course, clinic and consequences of infection during pregnancy. This literature review combines various high-level studies that indicate higher rates of preeclampsia and other complications associated with pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies to date have reported higher risks of pregnancy complications, including preterm birth and preeclampsia, as well as higher rates of cesarean delivery. For the fetus were recorded isolated cases of stillbirth, which was less than <1%. Accordingly, this signals needs to increase attention to the course of infection during pregnancy, and the optimal treatment of COVID-19, as well as prevention strategies during pregnancy. Pharmacologic therapy is limited to medications with proven safety during pregnancy and lactation. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: COVID-19, pregnancy, newborns, pregnancy complications.
A case of pregnancy complicated with Evance syndrome and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Naumchik O.M.
Published: May 2021

The simultaneous development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia is known as Evans syndrome. This pathology is extremely rare during pregnancy, requires careful differential diagnosis and is associated with a high risk of hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications. Treatment approaches for autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia are similar, but in the case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thromboprophylaxis is mandatory. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a serious adverse event of anticoagulation. One presents with a decrease in platelets but a paradoxical increase in thrombotic risk and mandates switching of the anticoagulant agent to a non-heparin one. Clinical case. We describe the case of pregnancy complicated with Evans syndrome and development of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia at 28 weeks. Treatment of the underlying disease was effective on the use of first-line therapy. Fondaparinux and vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) have been used to treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Monitoring of the fetal condition is carried out with careful control of Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral artery. Successful change of anticoagulant, close surveillance and carefully selected therapy allowed to achieve a successful termination of pregnancy. A healthy female newborn with body weight 2450 g, 8–8 Apgar scores was vaginally delivered uneventful at the 38th week. There were neither neonatal thrombocytopenia nor anemia. During the year after birth, the woman's condition is not worse, the child develops according to age. An analysis of similar cases of pregnancy from the literature is described. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, pregnancy, Evans syndrome, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Kendali Kecepatan Motor Listrik Satu Phasa Berdasarkan Suhu Ruangan
Authors: Wirama I Made Adiswara , Putra I Made Aris Dharma , Putra I Made Weda Maharta , Narottama Anak Agung Ngurah Made , Sapteka Anak Agung Ngurah Gde
Published: May 2021

Sistem pengendalian suhu ruangan secara otomatis diyakini mampu memberikan penghematan tanpa mengurangi performansinya. Pengendalian suhu ruangan dilakukan dengan mengatur kecepatan putaran motor exhaust fan dengan SCR speed controller. Hal ini sangat diperlukan untuk menghemat pengeluaran listrik. Dalam mengkoneksikan antara sensor suhu dengan SCR speed controller diperlukan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai pengolah data keluaran dari sensor sehingga dapat mengendalikan speed controller 1 dengan keluaran tegangan 180 volt dan speed controller 2 dengan keluaran tegangan 200 volt. Alat ini cocok digunakan untuk mengatur suhu di ruangan tertutup agar selalu stabil. An automated room temperature control is a way to do savings without reducing its performance. The temperature control is done by adjusting the rotation speed of the exhaust fan motor using an SCR speed controller. This mechanism will give a great advantage on power usage reduction. To connect the temperature sensor with the SCR speed controller, an Arduino Uno microcontroller is used as a processor of the outputs from the sensor so it can control the 1st speed controller with 180 Volt and the 2nd speed controller with 200 Volt. This tool is suitable for maintaining the temperature of a closed room temperature.
Pengaruh Harmonic pada Peralatan Tegangan Satu Phasa di Ruangan Administrasi Bandara
Authors: Cahyadi Catra Indra , Oka I Gusti Agung Ayu Mas , Daryanti Yanti
Published: May 2021

Beban non linier yang belum berbentuk gelombang sinusoidal telah terdistorsi oleh distorsi harmonisa arus. Beban non linier merupakan salah satu penyebab timbulnya distorsi yang dapat mengakibatkan kualitas daya listrik semakin buruk. Paper ini membahas hasil simulasi penggunaan filter tunggal yang disetel untuk mengurangi distorsi yang disebabkan oleh beban non linier akibat personal computer dan printer untuk pencetakan. Pengukuran menggunakan alat power quality analyzer fluke. Hasil pengukuran terhadap 4 merk PC yang berbeda menunjukan bahwa nilai beban non linier yang dihasilkan mengalami penurunan. Beban personal komputer merk A dari THDi sebesar 120,7 % menurun menjadi 110,8% , merk B dari THDi sebesar 121,9% menjadi 109,9 %, merk C dari THDi sebesar 150,1% menurun menjadi 100,2 %, merk D dari THDi sebesar 176,2% menurun menjadi 104,1 %. Penurunan total harmonic distorsion arus setelah direduksi sebesar 0,8 – 1 %. Penggunaan filter berhasil menurunkan nilai THDi. Non-linear loads that have not been in the form of sinusoidal waves have been distorted by current harmonic distortion. Non-linear loads, one of the causes of distortion can cause the quality of electric power to get worse. Research on the simulation method uses a single filter as a filter that is adjusted to reduce distortion caused by non-linear loads using personal computers and printers for printing machines. Where the measurement uses a Fluke Power quality analyzer, the resulting non-linear load value is obtained on non-linear loads with personal computer loads brand A has a THDi of 120.7% decreasing to 110.8%, brand B THDi of 121.9% becomes 109.9%, the C THDi brand by 150.1% decreased to 100.2%, the D THDi brand by 176.2% decreased to 104.1% where the decrease in the total harmonic current distortion after reduction was 0.8 - 1%. The use of a filter was successful in lowering the THDi value.
The Sacred in the Spatial Arrangements of Chartered Cities in Małopolska in 13th–15th Centuries
Authors: Krasnowolski Bogusław
Published: May 2021

The sacred space may be analysed in terms of function (parish, monastic and ‘other’ compounds) and origins (pre-incorporation compounds, from compounds from the incorporation and post-incorporation period). The Krakow from the incorporation period of 1257 together with the lower outer settlement – Okół and the suburbs; the sacrum related to the oldest Jewish community occupies a separate space. The sacrum made a considerable contribution to the urban landscape of one of the larger Krakow satellites, i.e. Kazimierz; it was rather modestly demonstrated in Kleparz. Significant differentiation can be observed in the pre-incorporation, during-incorporation period and post-incorporation Sandomierz. Mining towns such as Bochnia, Wieliczka and Olkusz were rather unique. The peregrination of Sącz is another, separate subject: it concerns the pre-incorporation Sącz associated with what later became Podgrodzie, St Kinga’s Sącz (Stary Sącz) and Nowy Sącz. In most small Lesser Poland towns, the sacrum was limited to a parish church compound (founded together with incorporation, sometimes preceding – less often following – incorporation), occasionally to a medicant monastic compound and a hospital (with a chapel).
Forms of piety among members of religious confraternities in Krakow in the early modern period
Authors: Bruździński Andrzej
Published: May 2021

The author analyses forms of piety among Krakow religious confraternities, both those which originated already in the Middle Ages and those from the post-Trent epoch. There were dozens of confraternities in the early modern Krakow. The author was able to trace back 36 religious confraternities, active in as many as 51 communities. The article shows that almost every member of each stratum of the urban community, from the patriciate to the commoners, belonged to a religious confraternity of sorts. Confraternities had many functions, but the religious education of Krakow inhabitants was the most significant. In each subsection the author presents various forms of fraternal piety, namely: Christ-centric piety, pneumahagic piety, Marian piety, the worship of angles and saints, as well as the eschatological dimension. Towards the end, the article contains briefly characterises the charitable activities of religious confraternities. The author concludes that religious confraternities played an important role in building the Catholic awareness of the society, and the fraternal piety was indeed a basis and a catalyst of the growth of the city of Krakow.
Vice-regents of the Dominican studium generale in Krakow in the modern period – selected aspects
Authors: Szymborski Wiktor
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to present selected aspects of the work of bachelors (vice-regents) of Krakow’s studium generale in modern period, especially in XVII century. One of the aspects shown in the text was the importance of studying outside the province in Italy, France and Spain for the intellectual formation of the bachelors of the studium generale. Next attention has been given particularly to the fraternal movement as bachelors were involved in promoting this form of piety especially membership in rosary confraternities.
Para obrazów retabulum ołtarzowego ze scenami legend o św. Mikołaju w zbiorach Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich w Krakowie
Authors: Chełmecka Paulina
Published: May 2021

W kolekcji Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich w Krakowie znajduje się para skrzydeł retabulum ołtarzowego przedstawiających wątki hagiograficzne związane ze św. Mikołajem z Bari. Do zbiorów trafiły z miejscowości Rzepiennik Biskupi, położonej w okolicach Krosna. Stanowią przykład późnogotyckiego malarstwa tablicowego powstającego w prowincjonalnych warsztatach małopolskich w pierwszej połowie XVI wieku.Sceny Ocalenie rozbitków na tonącym statku oraz Biczowanie posągu św. Mikołaja ukazane na owych skrzydłach, odnoszą się do cudotwórczej działalności św. Mikołaja. Ich pierwowzorem był zapewne tekst Złotej Legendy Jakuba de Voragine, cieszący się od XIII wieku wielką popularnością i stanowiący źródło częstych inspiracji ikonograficznych.Obrazy, pochodzące najprawdopodobniej z nieistniejącego retabulum św. Mikołaja, pod względem stylowym przyporządkować można kręgowi Warsztatu Mistrza Tryptyku z Klimkówki, którego działalność związana jest z Krosnem i okolicami. Twórcą łączonym z tą pracownią jest malarz Andrzej działający w Krośnie w pierwszej połowie XVI wieku. Jego dorobek charakteryzują wpływy między innymi malarstwa i grafiki południowoniemieckiej, z którymi najprawdopodobniej zetknął się w środowisku krakowskim.
Przyczynek do historii nauki i kultury polskiej, czyli o odnalezionych archiwaliach Józefa Rostafińskiego (1850-1928)
Authors: Duda Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

Józef Rostafiński w 1883 r. wystosował ankietę, zwaną Odezwą, której celem było zbadanie tradycji używania roślin wśród ludu żyjącego na terytorium trzech zaborów Pierwszej Rzeczpospolitej. Rostafiński chciał uzyskać dzięki temu materiał źródłowy dotyczący zwyczajów stosowania ziół w kuchni, obrzędach i  medycynie ludowej. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych wydawał publikacje naukowe. Archiwalne odpowiedzi na Odezwę Rostafińskiego w dużej części zostały zachowane w zbiorze Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Natomiast część uznawano za zaginioną. W 2014 r. zostały one odnalezione w dokumentach po prof. Tadeuszu Wilczyńskim ze Lwowa. W odnalezionych archiwaliach Rostafińskiego znajdują się odpowiedzi związane z Odezwą  oraz inne dokumenty np.: listy: ks. Pawła Smolikowskiego CR, Jana Karłowicza, które zostaną zasygnalizowane w artykule.
Żacząt igrzyska niewinne. Tumulty religijne i rytuały przejścia w XVI-wiecznym Krakowie
Authors: Hryniewicz Iwo , Machaj Dawid
Published: May 2021

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza roli obrzędów przejścia w konfliktach religijnych między katolikami i protestantami we wczesnonowożytnym Krakowie. W artykule znalazło się kilka studiów przypadku tumultów religijnych zorganizowanych przez studentów Uniwersytetu Krakowskiego przeciwko protestanckim procesjom pogrzebowym, ślubom lub po prostu przeciwko zborom. Kluczową tezą artykułu jest to, że zakłócanie rytuałów przejścia było sposobem na pozbawianie protestantów ich tożsamości społecznej i - poprzez proces dehumanizacji - ich człowieczeństwa. Poprzez przerywanie ślubów i przechwytywanie ciał podczas pogrzebów katoliccy sprawcy próbowali pozostawić swoich przeciwników w stanie, używając zwrotu Victora Turnera " between and betwixt", tj. w stanie gdy nie posiadali już swojego poprzedniego statusu, ale gdy nie uzyskali jeszcze nowego. Przeszkadzając najważniejszym protestanckim ceremoniom w tak upokarzający sposób, katolicy starali się wykazać, że ich przeciwnikom brakowało Bożego wsparcia, a ich wiara zasługiwała na to, by być obiektem kpin. Uważamy, że z punktu widzenia sprawców, ich działania były kontynuacją rytualnych działań zapoczątkowanych podczas świąt katolickich - przeniesieniem kosmicznej walki między Chrystusem a szatanem na ulice ówczesnego Krakowa. Uczestnictwo studentów w tych aktach przemocy nie tylko świadczyło o ich przekonaniu do przynależenie do wyznania lepszego od wyznania ich przeciwników, ale także przyczyniało się do tworzenia tożsamości grupowej. Z tej perspektywy przemoc otaczająca rytuały przejścia może być interpretowana jako rytuał przejścia dla samych studentów.
Ein Wendepunkt in der Erinnerung osteuropäischer Juden: Die Bedeutung der Pogrome von 1918/1919 für die Erinnerung an den Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Schuster Frank M.
Published: May 2021

The focus of this article lies on the importance of the pogroms of 1918-1919 for the memory of Central and Eastern European Jewry of the First World War and the retrospective perception of the various occupying powers. Exemplarily, the pogroms of Krakow, Lemberg and Pinsk are discussed. An outlook is also given about the mutual perception of Jews and Germans during the Second World War, which was changed by these experiences.
The Legal Dispute Between Václav Hanka and David Kuh in the Light of Actions Taken by the Austrian Police Against the ‘Awakeners’ of the Czech Nation
Authors: Spyra Andrzej
Published: May 2021

This essay presents the activity of the Austrian secret police that led to legal action being taken up in 1859. That year, Václav Hanka sued David Kuh, the founder and editor of the Prague newspaper “Tagesbote aus Böhmen”, for defamation, after the latter published a series of anonymous articles in his paper, accusing Hanka of forging The Queen’s Court Manuscript and The Green Mountain Manuscript. For several decades, both works influenced the shaping of the Czech political nation, and as it later transpired, the Aus­trian police were behind the attacks on their authenticity. Further piquancy is added by the fact that thirty years later, Hanka was indeed recognised as the author of the aforementioned manuscripts.
The Republic of Austria and the Habsburg inheritance
Authors: Stempin Arkadiusz
Published: May 2021

Starting from the abdication of Charles Habsburg and its circumstances, the article undertakes to anamnesis the formation of the Law on the Habsburgs and the consequences of its enactment, both in terms of the banishment and emigration of the members of the family, as well as the acquisition, distribution and destination of their property, from 1918/19 to the present day, that is, in the subsequent forms of government that passed the Austrian Republic; from the first republic, through the years of fascism of the country and Anschlussu to the Third Reich, to the modern republic (since 1955). On this timeline, until the final national exhibition in the centenary of the abdication - "Snatches and Continuations" 2019, the analysis examines the ambivalent attitude of austrians to the former imperial family along with the constitutional element of this relationship: the unworked history of the Habsburgs in the collective memory of Austrian society.
Bibliography of the Works of Rev. Dr. Hab. Andrzej Bruździński, Professor of PUJPII
Authors: Wołyniec Bartłomiej
Published: May 2021

Bibliography of the Works of Rev. Dr. Hab. Andrzej Bruździński, Professor of PUJPII
The Album of the Archconfraternity of the Blessed Sacrament and Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ at the Corpus Christi Church in Krakow. A Gem of Old Polish Sacred Art and an Invaluable Historical Source
Authors: Łatak Kazimierz
Published: May 2021

The Album of the Archconfraternity of the Blessed Sacrament and Five Wounds of Our Lord ff Jesus Christ at Kazimierz in Krakow was made in the 17th century, but its oldest section duplicates the contents of an earlier catalogue comprising entries from 1551–1612. The album is a large-sized manuscript volume, an original and ambitious work, a gem of the Old Polish sacred art, a genuine document of several cultural epochs and an invaluable historical source. However, to date it has been largely ignored by researchers, although it has been referred to and used as a source on multiple occasions in studies on the Corpus Christi Church and the history and resources of the monastic archive. The album had a representative function, and the very act of opening. its pages must have evoked excitement as the book was beautifully executed. In its form, shape, and artwork, it resembles lavishly decorated Mediaeval and Renaissance codices. Many of its sheets are in fact whole-page paintings with figural scenes; it also features impressive floral and heraldic elements as well as initials. Despite the passage of four centuries since its inception, it is still in use, and has therefore become a link between the past and the present. Its scholarly, cognitive and application-related value was noticed by researchers only in the early 20th century. It was Rev. Józef Augustyn Błachut, author of the first modern monograph of the monastery, published in 1905, who introduced the album into scholarly circulation. Today, it is one of the most frequently consulted sources in the archive of the monastery, drawing attention of historians, art historians, culture historians and religious geography historians, but also culture enthusiasts who visit the monastery and its library. It is a remarkable memorial of cultural heritage of the nation and the Church, and a source to be used inresearch on Poland’s religious life, population mobility, reception and transmission of ideas, cultural exchange, ties of the monastery with its surroundings; it provides research data for studies on the demography, system of government, culture and infrastructure of Kazimierz and the entire Krakow urban area.
“Haec foecunda magnorum virorum parens Academia Cracoviensis.” A History of the Jagiellonian University in Academic Panegyrics for Krakow Bishops in the 1st half of the 17th Century
Authors: Zdanek Maciej
Published: May 2021

In 15th–16th centuries, Krakow University developed fundamental elements of its memory culture and historical awareness. In the first half of the 17th century, the Krakow academic community strengthened its message concerning its past. Occasional literature, in particular panegyrics, was a particularly important medium of this message. Numerous academic prints were dedicated to Krakow bishops, since they were the University’s chancellors, and frequently its alumni and supporters, while the University itself was one of the key institutions in the diocese, closely related to the Church. The panegyrics were created mostly to celebrate the award of bishopric, a ceremonial entrance of a bishop to the city, an ingress to the Wawel Cathedral or were written in the event of death and the funeral. Seven bishops ruled the diocese in the analyzed period. In that time, university professors and students dedicated a total of 65 panegyrics to them, of which 43 contained references to the University’s past. Panegyrics were a medium of the University’s institutionalized memory culture. Key facts and persons mentioned in the works include: the foundation of 1400, founder King Władysław Jagiełło, House of Jagiellon as the dynasty of founders and representatives of the golden age in the University’s history, Jan Kanty – a revered professor of theology (deceased in 1473) as an exemplary lecturer and patron of the University, as well as catalogues of renowned professors and alumni of the University. The catalogues were in fact lists of surnames, and they were supplied as anevidence of the University’s long history and service to the society, the country,and the Church.
Futile Efforts to Create an Arab Kingdom of Syria. From the Idea of Greater Syria to Syria Partitioned under the French Mandate (1915–1922)
Authors: Kościelniak Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

The text presents the dynamics and variability of the political options and alliances which shaped the borders of modern Syria in the most crucial period of World War I and the first years of post-war reality in the Middle East. The researchers show how the external interests of the Great Powers took priority over the Syrians’ internal affairs. For the inhabitants of the Levant, it meant the Western practice of ignoring Arab opinions and aspirations in the aftermath of the Great War, which was sealed in the Treaty of Versailles. Despite the positive solutions proposed by The King-Crane Commission (1919), the new post-Ottoman order ignored local identities and political preferences. The new borders were created artificially and determined arbitrarily. The Sykes-Picot agreement reinforced both conspiracy theories in the Middle East and the mythology of the Great Arab Revolt. The competing Western powers took advantage of the local minorities, fueling dislike and strengthening sectarianism. In the years 1919–1920, Pan-Syrianism solidified and took a characteristic form of striving to consolidate the fragmented nation of the Greater Syria. The resolutions of the General Syrian Congress of 2 July 1919 provided timeless premises for the political orientation of the Syrian nationalists, which strongly influenced politics in the Middle East in the following decades. However, the partition of Greater Syria after World War I proved to be one of the worst of many political traumas experienced in the Middle East at that time. Pan-Syrianism was systematically weakened by the conflicting aspirations among the Syrians, the Lebanese, the Palestinians, and Jordanians.
Duties and Required Competencies of a Management Contractor
Authors: Ayegba Calistus
Published: May 2021

One of the responses to the critical failings of separation of design and construction processes of traditional procurement system is the development of management contracting (MC) procurement system. Several studies have indicated MC procurement system to be most suitable for large and complex projects, when on-time project delivery is required, and when flexibility during construction is desired. Owing to the involvement of the Management contractor at both design and construction stage of projects, the management contractors play more significant role in the benefits that MC system has shown to deliver. This study aims to investigate the duties performed by the management contractor and the required competencies for a management contractor, to provide knowledge and understanding on important considerations for the selection of a management contractor. Empirical data was collected using documentary analysis of three management contracts tender documents and a semi-structured interview with a key role player of two of the management contracts in South Africa. Findings revealed the duties performed by management contractors to be multitasking, covering both the pre-construction and construction stage of building projects. Also, owing to the increased responsibilities of management contractors, the competencies required to perform as a management contractor are distinguishable when compared to competencies needed of contractors to perform in other procurement systems. The knowledge and understanding of the duties and required competencies to perform as management contractors provided in this study will help construction clients and the construction industry in the selection process, performance management and evaluation of management contractors.

Keywords: Construction procurement, Management and relationship formation duties, Management contracting procurement system, Management contractor.
Subcontracting Systems and Social Protection in the Informal Building Construction Industry in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Olusanya Olasunmbo Ayanfeoluwa
Published: May 2021

Subcontracting systems are entrenched in the building construction process in Nigeria. However, the implications for informal building construction industry workers' access to social protection measures are a cause for concern. This study examined the influence of subcontracting systems on access to social protection measures by workers in the informal building construction industry in Lagos, Nigeria, based on a cross-sectional research design, agency theory and the general theory of employment. The secondary and primary data used for the study were derived from a systematic review of relevant literature, a questionnaire administered to 908 respondents and 50 key informant interviews among informal building construction workers and subcontractors. The structured questionnaire was subjected to internal and external validity; the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test of the survey stood at 0.722. Data extracted from the structured questionnaire and interviews were analysed through the use of descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and narrative analysis. Findings revealed that workers got financial and health assistance from employers and government respectively. Results also show that informal building construction workers perceived provision of social protection as inadequate. The results of Pearson Correlation indicate that subcontracting systems have an inverse and statistically significant relationship with access to free or subsidised medical care, the remedy to accident on site and pattern of savings. Therefore, subcontracting systems influenced the availability of social protection measures significantly. Based on the findings and the important roles of subcontractors in the building construction industry, it is recommended that appropriate legislative instrument should be developed to address the challenges posed by subcontracting concerning access to social protection measures in the informal building construction industry. It is also suggested that steps should be taken by the government to promote formalisation of employment in the informal sector and support community-based social insurance schemes in Nigeria.

Keywords: Building construction, Informal economy, Lagos, Social protection, Subcontracting systems.
Assessment of the Use of Locally Available Materials for Building Construction in Ado-Ekiti Nigeria
Authors: Alade Kehinde , Oyebade Adedeji , Nzewi Nnamaka
Published: May 2021

The potentials and benefits of local building materials (LBM) remain untapped and seem to progress at a slow rate in the Nigerian building industry. This research examined the availability and level of usage of LBM in Ado-Ekiti, South-Western Nigeria. Further, it considered hindering and helpful factors for the use of LBM in the study area. Based on the extensive review of literatures, ten (10) LBM were identified and examined in the study area. One hundred and fifty (150) professionals closely involved with building construction in Construction companies that are fully operational in Ado-Ekiti were investigated for this study. The Relative index analysis of the frequency in the use of LBM available for building construction in Ado Ekiti revealed that the following LBM are available and in the following order, in the study area: Stone(1) with RII 0.95 , timber(2) RII 0.93, laterite(3) RII 0.92, clay and mud(4) RII 0.91, bamboo(5) RII 0.90, leaves and barks of trees(6) RII 0.88, Palm kernel shells (7) RII 0.85, wild coconut trees(8) RII 0.79, animal wastes (9) RII 0.76 and dung(10) RII 0.74. However, the level of usage of these materials is still very low. Considering the economic, socio-cultural and environmental benefits of LBM, this study recommended more awareness campaign and sensitization of the public on LBM in order to promote its social acceptability. In addition, it recommended that Federal and State governments should facilitate more research in the use of the available local materials for building construction. Availing funds specifically for research and development of LBM will also promote its use.Keywords: Affordable Housing, Building Materials, Construction, Local knowledge, Nigeria.
The Challenges of Closing Construction Projects Final Accounts in Botswana Local Authorities
Authors: Ssegawa J. K. , Rwelamila P. D. , Mogome M. G.
Published: May 2021

Anecdotal information in the construction industry in Botswana indicated that the process of closing financial accounts for construction projects within a stipulated period is inefficient and ineffective. This is a serious industry problem because a project with an unclosed account is not a successful project as there are unfinished issues and claims left in abeyance to the detriment of both the client and contractor. This motivated a study aimed at investigating this aspect, including identifying the major causes of delays in formally closing final accounts of construction projects in local authorities. A multimethod approach consisting of a review of project documents which were beyond the end of the defect liability period were used in the study. Also, a questionnaire survey was administered to parties dealing with construction projects in the selected local authorities. Lastly, a focus discussion was held with key stakeholders who implement projects in some selected local authorities. Results indicated that while the final account closure process was inefficient (as only 42% of the accounts which were closed were finalised in the stipulated contractual time). Secondly, it was marginally effective (as only 54% of the sampled project accounts were closed). Common reasons for inefficiency and ineffectiveness include (i) contractors abandoning the project when they realise that the cost of rectifying the defects far exceeds the outstanding balance; (ii) clients taking too long to agree and approve final accounts; and (iii) loss of information when key personnel leave the project on the contractor's side before the final account is finalised. Despite the limitation of considering a selected number of local authorities’ projects, the findings have confirmed anecdotal information circulating in the industry about the substantial numbers of project accounts that are usually left unclosed. The following recommendations based on the study results are made. That all adopted contract conditions be modified to focus on nipping the challenge in the bud as well as deterring instrument to future defaulters. The suggested modification: 'it shall be mandatory for contractors to bring the project under tender to a formal closure through final account documentation within a specified period, defaulting contractors to be blacklisted from future contract awards in Botswana LAs'. Ordinarily, since contractors can hardly suffer financial losses, the paper suggests that consultants and clients should objectively entertain contractors' claims arising from defects rectifications in the liability period. This is provided such defects were neither caused by poor materials nor are traceable to poor workmanship. These hopefully will mitigate the challenge if followed.
Influence of Subcontracting Processes on Wages and Workloads in the Building Construction Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Akinwale A. A. , Olusanya O. A.
Published: May 2021

There is a paucity of information on the experience of subcontracted work despite the widespread use of subcontracting in the building construction industry. This study examined the influence of subcontracting processes on wages and workloads in the building construction industry in Nigeria. Data collection for the study was based on a cross-sectional research design with a survey research strategy, including a structured questionnaire and some key informant interviews. A sample of 908 subcontracted workers was randomly selected from 388 building construction sites in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data obtained from the structured questionnaire were subjected to descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while an ethnographic technique was used to analyze the data from the interviews. The regression results (β = –0.046; p < 0.05) showed that to some extent subcontracting processes significantly influenced workers’ participation in wage determination; and that the regression results (β = –0.040; p < 0.05) revealed that to some extent subcontracting processes significantly influenced workers’ participation in the determination of workloads in the building construction industry in Nigeria. Wages and workloads are inappropriate when the degree of influence of the subcontracting process on workers' participation in the determination of wages and workloads in the building construction industry is considered. These findings imply that working in a subcontracting system could promote the alienation of subcontracted workers from the determination of wages and workloads, thereby showing the need for adequate protection for the affected workers. Therefore, the subcontracted workers in Lagos state should strengthen their associations to achieve justice and decent work in the building construction industry.

Keywords: Building Construction; Subcontracted Workers; Wages; Workload.
Construction quality process implementation as a source of competitive advantage in small and medium-sized construction projects
Authors: Nyakala S , Pretorius J , Vermeulen A
Published: May 2021

It is generally accepted that construction quality process implementation improves construction project performance through the systematic application of quality practices. It is equally established that current quality management systems, particularly compliance management, are essential for Small and medium-enterprises (SMEs) seeking effective completion of road-building infrastructure. Despite the opportunities offered by these quality practices, there are potential pitfalls. As low-cost economies proliferate, South African construction SMEs are under increasing pressure to be more flexible and innovative. The study examines the factors affecting the quality of work produced by construction SMEs through a regulatory road building procedure, namely design, construction, and execution. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 165 SME contractors, designers, and their experience was recorded of construction quality standards and performance improvement on completed work in the public sector in South Africa. A combination of descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The empirical findings established that five construction quality process factors affect the quality of road infrastructure projects undertaken by construction SMEs. These factors comprise construction process and design; construction quality management at the site level; the development and implementation of quality procedures and requirements; quality benchmarking issues; continuous improvement and communication. This study is of value to designers/consultants and managers in the construction SME sector as it helps to establish the factors affecting the quality of road infrastructure projects. Managers in analogous environments may also use the results of this study as a benchmark for competitive advantage. The results also provide a guideline for the successful construction quality implementation in small and medium-sized construction projects.

Keywords: Construction quality; Continuous improvement; Design; Performance; Quality management.
Correlation analysis between risk measurement and project success of small and medium contractors in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Renault B. Y. , Agumba J. N. , Ansary N.
Published: May 2021

Risk measurement (RM) and construction project success (PS) are closely related. Preceding studies highlight the importance of RM in the management of risks without revealing its effect on PS. This study aims to determine the influence of RM on the PS of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A positivist research design was applied using a survey questionnaire circulated to 181 respondents in Gauteng, South Africa (SA). Raw data analysed using inferential statistics extracted one-component solution and evinced statistical significance (p=0.000<0.05) between RM and PS. In particular, results revealed that RM significantly influences PS of construction SMEs through delimiting the RM criteria to be adopted, establishing the level of acceptable risk and risk timeframe relevant to risk effect and risk likelihood. It is suggested that the management of SMEs and industry professionals involved in risk management should adopt RM for the management of their project risks to accomplish project objectives effectively. The study renders new empirical evidence of risk management factors that influence PS of SMEs in the context of SA. It remains to be seen whether the current finding could be replicated in other datasets. If indeed that is the case, then this article expands to the discourse and literature on RM of SMEs. However, the current findings cannot be generalised due to the restrictions pertaining to the geographical area and respondents.

Keywords: Contractors, Correlation analysis, Factor analysis, Project success, Risk measurement.
REGULATORY AND LEGAL PROVISION OF THE PROCESS OF DISINFECTION OF GRAIN AT GRAIN PROCESSING FACILITIES
Authors: Fesenko О. , Lysyuk V. , Nemenuscha S.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the topical problem of controlling the contamination of grain products with agricultural pests at the facilities of the grain processing industry. The authors consider the use of one of the most effective methods of disinfection of grain products - fumigation, which, provided it is carried out competently and in a timely manner, avoids unwanted losses of grain and grain products. The characteristics of the main chemicals that are widely used as fumigants are presented. The article summarizes fumigants used in advanced countries of the world and are an alternative to the banned methyl bromide. A brief overview of modern fumigants allowed by the legislation of Ukraine is given, the existing problems of the domestic market of pesticides are revealed. Given that the effectiveness of fumigation depends on compliance with the technology of fumigation, special attention in the article is paid to the procedure for disinfection of grain products by fumigants. The authors analyse in detail the regulatory framework of this issue, safety rules, the use of personal protective equipment. The characteristic features and consequences of harmful effects of fumigants on the human body human body and the environment in the conditions of changing the order of disinfection of grain products are revealed. All grain processing enterprises have strict safety requirements for fumigation and degassing works. Training of experienced specialists is one of the important prerequisites for the safety of disinfection, so this article suggests ways to solve the problem of staff training. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve the regulatory mechanisms for regulating the quality control of both fumigants and fumigation works.
Reconstruction of the university model:transition to the 4.0 format
Authors: Neborskiy Egor
Published: May 2021

The article presents theoretical understanding of the university as a centuries-old civilizational project in the form of a conceptual model that collects categories, the semantic structure and functions of the university. The author hypothesized four formats of the university model, formed at different historical stages. Format 1.0 "Corporate University"–the first European universities, organized as corporations of students and teachers, whose external referent was culture. Format 2.0 "Research University"–various forms of organization of university life, such as the "Intellectual University" of J. Newman, the "Research University" of V. Humboldt and later the "University of Culture" H. Ortega-y-Gasset, united by the idea of "pure science" and "universal knowledge". Their external referent was the truth. Format 3.0 "Technocratic (Innovative) University" is a complex of education, science and business, which is a "Multiversity" of C. Kerr with mechanisms for managing similar to factories. The external referent is quality, and the university increasingly immersed in bureaucracy and accountability. Format 4.0 "Bio-Digital University"–a promising model of universities, that combine physical and virtual space, developing on Digital Platforms and Big Data. The external referent is creativity, when the educational process based on meta-individuality and smart technologies.
Impact of COVID-19 on eating habits, physical activity and sleep in Brazilian healthcare professionals
Authors: Mota Isabella Araújo , Oliveira Sobrinho Gilberto Diniz de , Morais Iuara Paiva Silva , Dantas Thamires Ferreira
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Brazilian healthcare professionals could have been experiencing impacts on their routine, behavior and mental health. Objective: To investigate changes in the daily life and sleeping habits of healthcare professionals in Brazil. Methods: We conducted an observational and cross-sectional study from May to July 2020. A Google Forms questionnaire was made available to Brazilian healthcare professionals on the WhatsApp mobile application and through the website of the Brazilian Hospital Services Company. Results: The sample (n=710) was mostly composed of women (80.8%), aged between 30 and 40 years old (46.6%), predominantly physicians (41.8%) and residing mostly in the state of Paraíba (66.9%), Brazil. Approximately two-thirds of the total sample had some sleep-related complaints, 25.8% due to difficulty initiating sleep, 29.6% due to difficulty staying asleep and 32.5% due to early morning waking. From the population studied, 28.7% (n=204) reported the use of insomnia medication, and 60.3% (n=123) of these were self-medicating. Some participants reported a change in diet (n=557; 78.5%), especially related to the increase in carbohydrate intake (n=174; 24.5%), and 27% (n=192) of the individuals reported an increase of the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Of the total, 561 (81.8%) reported a change in the practice of physical activity. Conclusion: In this study, Brazilian healthcare professionals showed aspects of quality of life that were more affected during the COVID-19 pandemic than the prevalence seen in surveys of international studies for the general population.
Associativism in nursing, public communication, and interaction with the media
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigo José Martins , Silva Fernando António Dias Zamith , Graveto João Manuel Garcia Nascimento
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the processes of producing messages and interacting with the media by professional nursing associations. Methods: Qualitative, descriptive study based on semi-structured interviews with managers of five professional nursing associations in Portugal. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: Regulatory and union associations use public relations services and refer more strategies for interacting with journalists. Professional specialization associations interact less frequently and prefer social media for publishing their messages. Voluntary work and the reduced professionalization of the communication of specialized associations favors a nursing retraction stance towards the media. Final considerations: Organizational and cultural factors may help to explain nursing’s limited access to the media. The use of renewal, cooperation, and education strategies will help overcome some of the limitations experienced by these associations.
PEDCARE: validation of a mobile application on diabetic foot self-care
Authors: Marques Antonio Dean Barbosa , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de , Chaves Edna Maria Camelo , Oliveira Shérida Karanini Paz de , Felipe Gilvan Ferreira , Silveira Jarbas Aryel Nunes da
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process of validating a multimedia application on a mobile platform to promote foot care for people with diabetes. Method: a technological production and methodological type study. Content and appearance were validated by 39 judges (29 nursing judges and ten information and communication technology judges and 15 people from the target audience). Results: nursing judges made it possible to validate the material with a total Content Validity Index of 0.95, a non-significant binomial test for most items and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92, information and communication technology judges with Suitability Assessment of Materials of 99.2% and the target audience with an agreement index of 98%. Conclusion: the application proved to be valid and reliable for use in clinical practice as an educational technology to promote foot care for people with diabetes.