bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based data mining method to reveal similarities between materials based on physical mechanisms
Authors: Ha Minh-Quyet , Nguyen Duong-Nguyen , Nguyen Viet-Cuong , Kino Hiori , Ando Yasunobu , Miyake Takashi , Denœux Thierry , Huynh Van-Nam , Dam Hieu-Chi
Published: February 2023

Measuring the similarity between materials is essential for estimating their properties and revealing the associated physical mechanisms. However, current methods for measuring the similarity between materials rely on theoretically derived descriptors and parameters fitted from experimental or computational data, which are often insufficient and biased. Furthermore, outliers and data generated by multiple mechanisms are usually included in the dataset, making the data-driven approach challenging and mathematically complicated. To overcome such issues, we apply the Dempster–Shafer theory to develop an evidential regression-based similarity measurement (eRSM) method, which can rationally transform data into evidence. It then combines such evidence to conclude the similarities between materials, considering their physical properties. To evaluate the eRSM, we used two material datasets, including 3d transition metal–4f rare-earth binary and quaternary high-entropy alloys with target properties, Curie temperature, and magnetization. Based on the information obtained on the similarities between the materials, a clustering technique is applied to learn the cluster structures of the materials that facilitate the interpretation of the mechanism. The unsupervised learning experiments demonstrate that the obtained similarities are applicable to detect anomalies and appropriately identify groups of materials whose properties correlate differently with their compositions. Furthermore, significant improvements in the accuracies of the predictions for the Curie temperature and magnetization of the quaternary alloys are obtained by introducing the similarities, with the reduction in mean absolute errors of 36% and 18%, respectively. The results show that the eRSM can adequately measure the similarities and dissimilarities between materials in these datasets with respect to mechanisms of the target properties.
Influence of jet velocity and heat recuperation on the flame stabilization in a non-premixed mesoscale combustor: An exergetic approach
Authors: Sharma Debojit , Garnayak Subrat , Bandopadhyay Aditya , Dash S. K. , Vanteru Mahendra Reddy
Published: February 2023

An experimental and numerical model to determine the exergy balance based on flow availability and availability transfer in the process of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)/air combustion in mesoscale gas turbine combustor is developed to elucidate the second law efficiency and total thermodynamic irreversibility. In terms of developing an energy and exergy-efficient combustor design, the present work highlights the influence of vortex shedding and recirculation in the volumetric entropy production and the exergy efficiency. It is performed in a heat recuperative high-intensity LPG-fueled mesoscale combustor for mini-gas turbine applications. The combustor is operated at different thermal inputs ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 kW under range of equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.4–1.23. The Favre-averaged governing equations are solved by using finite volume-based approach. The standard k–ε turbulence model with modified empirical constant, Cɛ1=1.6, is considered to model the turbulence quantities. The volumetric reaction-based eddy-dissipation concept model and a reduced skeletal model (50 species and 373 reactions) are used for turbulence–chemistry interaction. The design methodology, total volumetric entropy generation, destructive exergy due to thermodynamic irreversibility, exergy efficiency, flow recirculation, and mixing characteristics (reacting and non-reacting) are reported. The entropy generation rate due to thermal conduction is approximately 50% of the total entropy generation, while its contribution percentage due to chemical reaction is the smallest. The exergy efficiency reaches its peak with ηII = 79.41% at 1.0 kW under fuel-rich condition, while its minimum value of 41.49% is obtained at 0.2 kW under fuel-lean (ϕ = 0.8) condition.
Allied health professionals’ contribution to care at end of life in aged care settings
Authors: Tieman Jennifer , Morgan Deidre , Jones Kelly , Gordon Sue , Chakraborty Amal
Published: February 2023

Background The Australian population is aging, and the proportion of older Australians will continue to grow over the coming decades. However, there is a lack of research published on the specific roles and responsibilities of allied health professionals (AHPs) providing palliative care within an aged care context. Understanding the roles and needs of AHPs providing care during the last months of life in the community and aged care facilities could contribute to workforce planning, targeted information and improved care. Methods In total, 108 eSurveys were collected between November 2019 to May 2020 from three allied health professions working in government-funded aged care; the majority of these being in residential aged care. Descriptive data are reported on the provision of care in key palliative care domains, care settings and practice activity. Results Nearly all respondents reported they had worked with older Australians who had palliative care needs. However, over one-third of respondents reported low levels of confidence in supporting clients or residents with palliative care needs. The majority indicated they would benefit from additional education and training and support in palliative care. Conclusions This study investigated the role of the allied health workforce in contributing to the care of older Australians at the end of life. It has also demonstrated that there are gaps in practice activity and work role that must be addressed to ensure this workforce can support older people with palliative care needs in receipt of aged care services.
Improving the relevance of paleontology to climate change policy
Authors: Kiessling Wolfgang , Smith Jansen A. , Raja Nussaïbah B.
Published: February 2023

Paleontology has provided invaluable basic knowledge on the history of life on Earth. The discipline can also provide substantial knowledge to societal challenges such as climate change. The long-term perspective of climate change impacts on natural systems is both a unique selling point and a major obstacle to becoming more pertinent for policy-relevant bodies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Repeated experiments on the impacts of climate change without anthropogenic disturbance facilitate the extraction of climate triggers in biodiversity changes. At the same time, the long timescales over which paleontological changes are usually assessed are beyond the scope of policymakers. Based on first-hand experience with the IPCC and a quantitative analysis of its cited literature, we argue that the differences in temporal scope are less of an issue than inappropriate framing and reporting of most paleontological publications. Accepting that some obstacles will remain, paleontology can quickly improve its relevance by targeting climate change impacts more directly and focusing on effect sizes and relevance for projections, particularly on higher-end climate change scenarios.
A resilient and connected network of sites to sustain biodiversity under a changing climate
Authors: Anderson Mark G. , Clark Melissa , Olivero Arlene P. , Barnett Analie R. , Hall Kimberly R. , Cornett Meredith W. , Ahlering Marissa , Schindel Michael , Unnasch Bob , Schloss Carrie , Cameron D. Richard
Published: February 2023

Motivated by declines in biodiversity exacerbated by climate change, we identified a network of conservation sites designed to provide resilient habitat for species, while supporting dynamic shifts in ranges and changes in ecosystem composition. Our 12-y study involved 289 scientists in 14 study regions across the conterminous United States (CONUS), and our intent was to support local-, regional-, and national-scale conservation decisions. To ensure that the network represented all species and ecosystems, we stratified CONUS into 68 ecoregions, and, within each, we comprehensively mapped the geophysical settings associated with current ecosystem and species distributions. To identify sites most resilient to climate change, we identified the portion of each geophysical setting with the most topoclimate variability (high landscape diversity) likely to be accessible to dispersers (high local connectedness). These “resilient sites” were overlaid with conservation priority maps from 104 independent assessments to indicate current value in supporting recognized biodiversity. To identify key connectivity areas for sustaining species movement in response to climate change, we codeveloped a fine-scale representation of human modification and ran a circuit-theory-based analysis that emphasized movement potential along geographic climate gradients. Integrating areas with high values for two or more factors, we identified a representative, resilient, and connected network of biodiverse lands covering 35% of CONUS. Because the network connects climatic gradients across 250,000 biodiversity elements and multiple resilient examples of all geophysical settings in every ecoregion, it could form the spatial foundation for targeted land protection and other conservation strategies to sustain a diverse, dynamic, and adaptive world.
Liquid-embedded (bio)printing of alginate-free, standalone, ultrafine, and ultrathin-walled cannular structures
Authors: Tang Guosheng , Luo Zeyu , Lian Liming , Guo Jie , Maharjan Sushila , Garciamendez-Mijares Carlos Ezio , Wang Mian , Li Wanlu , Zhang Zhenrui , Wang Di , Xie Maobin , Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Zhou Cuiping , Kuang Xiao , Hou Yingying , Yu Xiyong , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: February 2023

While there has been considerable success in the three-dimensional bioprinting of relatively large standalone filamentous tissues, the fabrication of solid fibers with ultrafine diameters or those cannular featuring ultrathin walls remains a particular challenge. Here, an enabling strategy for (bio)printing of solid and hollow fibers whose size ranges could be facilely adjusted across a broad spectrum, is reported, using an aqueous two-phase embedded (bio)printing approach combined with specially designed cross-linking and extrusion methods. The generation of standalone, alginate-free aqueous architectures using this aqueous two-phase strategy allowed freeform patterning of aqueous bioinks, such as those composed of gelatin methacryloyl, within the immiscible aqueous support bath of poly(ethylene oxide). Our (bio)printing strategy revealed the fabrication of standalone solid or cannular structures with diameters as small as approximately 3 or 40
μ
m, respectively, and wall thicknesses of hollow conduits down to as thin as <5
μ
m. With cellular functions also demonstrated, we anticipate the methodology to serve as a platform that may satisfy the needs for the different types of potential biomedical and other applications in the future, especially those pertaining to cannular tissues of ultrasmall diameters and ultrathin walls used toward regenerative medicine and tissue model engineering.
Palmitoylation of the pore-forming subunit of Ca(v)1.2 controls channel voltage sensitivity and calcium transients in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Kuo Chien-Wen S. , Dobi Sara , Gök Caglar , Da Silva Costa Ana , Main Alice , Robertson-Gray Olivia , Baptista-Hon Daniel , Wypijewski Krzysztof J. , Costello Hannah , Hales Tim G. , MacQuaide Niall , Smith Godfrey L. , Fuller William
Published: February 2023

Mammalian voltage-activated L-type Ca
2+
channels, such as Ca(v)1.2, control transmembrane Ca
2+
fluxes in numerous excitable tissues. Here, we report that the pore-forming α1C subunit of Ca(v)1.2 is reversibly palmitoylated in rat, rabbit, and human ventricular myocytes. We map the palmitoylation sites to two regions of the channel: The N terminus and the linker between domains I and II. Whole-cell voltage clamping revealed a rightward shift of the Ca(v)1.2 current–voltage relationship when α1C was not palmitoylated. To examine function, we expressed dihydropyridine-resistant α1C in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and measured Ca
2+
transients in the presence of nifedipine to block the endogenous channels. The transients generated by unpalmitoylatable channels displayed a similar activation time course but significantly reduced amplitude compared to those generated by wild-type channels. We thus conclude that palmitoylation controls the voltage sensitivity of Ca(v)1.2. Given that the identified Ca(v)1.2 palmitoylation sites are also conserved in most Ca(v)1 isoforms, we propose that palmitoylation of the pore-forming α1C subunit provides a means to regulate the voltage sensitivity of voltage-activated Ca
2+
channels in excitable cells.
Decoding the metabolic response of
Escherichia coli
for sensing trace heavy metals in water
Authors: Wei Hong , Huang Yixin , Santiago Peter J. , Labachyan Khachik E. , Ronaghi Sasha , Banda Magana Martin Paul , Huang Yen-Hsiang , C. Jiang Sunny , Hochbaum Allon I. , Ragan Regina
Published: February 2023

Heavy metal contamination due to industrial and agricultural waste represents a growing threat to water supplies. Frequent and widespread monitoring for toxic metals in drinking and agricultural water sources is necessary to prevent their accumulation in humans, plants, and animals, which results in disease and environmental damage. Here, the metabolic stress response of bacteria is used to report the presence of heavy metal ions in water by transducing ions into chemical signals that can be fingerprinted using machine learning analysis of vibrational spectra. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering surfaces amplify chemical signals from bacterial lysate and rapidly generate large, reproducible datasets needed for machine learning algorithms to decode the complex spectral data. Classification and regression algorithms achieve limits of detection of 0.5 pM for As
3+
and 6.8 pM for Cr
6+
, 100,000 times lower than the World Health Organization recommended limits, and accurately quantify concentrations of analytes across six orders of magnitude, enabling early warning of rising contaminant levels. Trained algorithms are generalizable across water samples with different impurities; water quality of tap water and wastewater was evaluated with 92% accuracy.
Cpeb1b-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation of
shha
mRNA modulates zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis
Authors: Heng Jian , Shi Boyang , Zhou Jia-Yi , Zhang Yifan , Ma Dongyuan , Yang Yun-Gui , Liu Feng
Published: February 2023

During vertebrate embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production through endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition requires suitable developmental signals, but how these signals are accurately regulated remains incompletely understood. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation, which is one of the posttranscriptional regulations, plays a crucial role in RNA metabolism. Here, we report that Cpeb1b-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation is important for HSPC specification by translational control of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling during zebrafish early development. Cpeb1b is highly expressed in notochord and its deficiency results in defective HSPC production. Mechanistically, Cpeb1b regulates hemogenic endothelium specification by the Hedgehog–Vegf–Notch axis. We demonstrate that the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element motif-dependent interaction between Cpeb1b and
shha
messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liquid-like condensates, which are induced by Pabpc1b phase separation, is required for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of
shha
mRNA. Intriguingly, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation regulates translation but not stability of
shha
mRNA, which further enhances the Shha protein level and Hh signal transduction. Taken together, our findings uncover the role of Cpeb1b-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation in HSPC development and provide insights into how posttranscriptional regulation can direct developmental signals with high fidelity to translate them into cell fate transition.
Brain aerobic glycolysis and resilience in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Goyal Manu S. , Blazey Tyler , Metcalf Nicholas V. , McAvoy Mark P. , Strain Jeremy F. , Rahmani Maryam , Durbin Tony J. , Xiong Chengjie , Benzinger Tammie L.-S. , Morris John C. , Raichle Marcus E. , Vlassenko Andrei G.
Published: February 2023

The distribution of brain aerobic glycolysis (AG) in normal young adults correlates spatially with amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in individuals with symptomatic and preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). Brain AG decreases with age, but the functional significance of this decrease with regard to the development of AD symptomatology is poorly understood. Using PET measurements of regional blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose utilization—from which we derive AG—we find that cognitive impairment is strongly associated with loss of the typical youthful pattern of AG. In contrast, amyloid positivity without cognitive impairment was associated with preservation of youthful brain AG, which was even higher than that seen in cognitively unimpaired, amyloid negative adults. Similar findings were not seen for blood flow nor oxygen consumption. Finally, in cognitively unimpaired adults, white matter hyperintensity burden was found to be specifically associated with decreased youthful brain AG. Our results suggest that AG may have a role in the resilience and/or response to early stages of amyloid pathology and that age-related white matter disease may impair this process.
Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals
Authors: Dancygier Rafaela
Published: February 2023

Hate crime is a pervasive problem across societies. Though perpetrators represent a small share of the population, their actions continue in part because they enjoy community support. But we know very little about this wider community of support; existing surveys do not measure whether citizens approve of hate crime. Focusing on Germany, where antiminority violence is entrenched, this paper uses original surveys to provide systematic evidence on the nature and impacts of hate crime support. Employing direct and indirect measures, I find that significant shares of the population support antirefugee hate crime and that the profile of supporters is broad, going much beyond common perpetrator types. I next use a candidate choice experiment to show that this support has disturbing political consequences: among radical right voters, hate crime supporters prefer candidates who endorse using gun violence against refugees. I conclude that a significant number of citizens empower potential perpetrators from the bottom–up and further legitimize hate crime from the top–down by championing violence-promoting political elites.
Endolysosomal TPCs regulate social behavior by controlling oxytocin secretion
Authors: Martucci Lora L. , Launay Jean-Marie , Kawakami Natsuko , Sicard Cécile , Desvignes Nathalie , Dakouane-Giudicelli Mbarka , Spix Barbara , Têtu Maude , Gilmaire Franck-Olivier , Paulcan Sloane , Callebert Jacques , Vaillend Cyrille , Bracher Franz , Grimm Christian , Fossier Philippe , de la Porte Sabine , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Morris John , Galione Antony , Granon Sylvie , Cancela José-Manuel
Published: February 2023

Oxytocin (OT) is a prominent regulator of many aspects of mammalian social behavior and stored in large dense-cored vesicles (LDCVs) in hypothalamic neurons. It is released in response to activity-dependent Ca
2+
influx, but is also dependent on Ca
2+
release from intracellular stores, which primes LDCVs for exocytosis. Despite its importance, critical aspects of the Ca
2+
-dependent mechanisms of its secretion remain to be identified. Here we show that lysosomes surround dendritic LDCVs, and that the direct activation of endolysosomal two-pore channels (TPCs) provides the critical Ca
2+
signals to prime OT release by increasing the releasable LDCV pool without directly stimulating exocytosis. We observed a dramatic reduction in plasma OT levels in TPC knockout mice, and impaired secretion of OT from the hypothalamus demonstrating the importance of priming of neuropeptide vesicles for activity-dependent release. Furthermore, we show that activation of type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors sustains somatodendritic OT release by recruiting TPCs. The priming effect could be mimicked by a direct application of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the endogenous messenger regulating TPCs, or a selective TPC2 agonist, TPC2-A1-N, or blocked by the antagonist Ned-19. Mice lacking TPCs exhibit impaired maternal and social behavior, which is restored by direct OT administration. This study demonstrates an unexpected role for lysosomes and TPCs in controlling neuropeptide secretion, and in regulating social behavior.
Dendrimer nanosystems for adaptive tumor-assisted drug delivery via extracellular vesicle hijacking
Authors: Jiang Yifan , Lyu Zhenbin , Ralahy Brigino , Liu Juan , Roussel Tom , Ding Ling , Tang Jingjie , Kosta Artemis , Giorgio Suzanne , Tomasini Richard , Liang Xing-Jie , Dusetti Nelson , Iovanna Juan , Peng Ling
Published: February 2023

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) that can overcome tumor heterogeneity and achieve deep tumor penetration are challenging to develop yet in high demand for cancer treatment. We report here a DDS based on self-assembling dendrimer nanomicelles for effective and deep tumor penetration via in situ tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), an endogenous transport system that evolves with tumor microenvironment. Upon arrival at a tumor, these dendrimer nanomicelles had their payload repackaged by the cells into EVs, which were further transported and internalized by other cells for delivery “in relay.” Using pancreatic and colorectal cancer-derived 2D, 3D, and xenograft models, we demonstrated that the in situ-generated EVs mediated intercellular delivery, propagating cargo from cell to cell and deep within the tumor. Our study provides a new perspective on exploiting the intrinsic features of tumors alongside dendrimer supramolecular chemistry to develop smart and effective DDSs to overcome tumor heterogeneity and their evolutive nature thereby improving cancer therapy.
Heparin is essential for optimal cell signaling by FGF21 and for regulation of βKlotho cellular stability
Authors: An Seong J. , Mohanty Jyotidarsini , Tome Francisco , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Lax Irit , Schlessinger Joseph
Published: February 2023

While important insights were gained about how FGF21 and other endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) bind to Klotho proteins, the exact mechanism of Klotho/FGF receptor assembly that drives receptor dimerization and activation has not been elucidated. The prevailing dogma is that Klotho proteins substitute for the loss of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding to endocrine FGFs by high-affinity binding of endocrine FGF molecules to Klotho receptors. To explore a potential role of HSPG in FGF21 signaling, we have analyzed the dynamic properties of FGF21-induced FGF21–βKlotho–FGFR1c complexes on the surface of living wild-type (WT) or HSPG-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by employing quantitative single-molecule fluorescence imaging analyses. Moreover, detailed analyses of FGF21 and FGF1 stimulation of cellular signaling pathways activated in WT or in HSPG-deficient CHO cells are also analyzed and compared. These experiments demonstrate that heparin is required for the formation of FGF21–βKlotho–FGFR1c complexes on the cell membrane and that binding of heparin or HSPG to FGFR1c is essential for optimal FGF21 stimulation of FGFR1c activation, mitogen-activated protein kinase responses, and intracellular Ca
2+
release. It is also shown that FGF1 binding stimulates assembly of βKlotho and FGFR1c on cell membranes, resulting in endocytosis and degradation of βKlotho. We conclude that heparin or HSPG is essential for FGF21 signaling and for regulation of βKlotho cellular stability by acting as a coligand of FGFR1c.
Quantitative analysis of sterol-modulated monomer–dimer equilibrium of the β
1
-adrenergic receptor by DEER spectroscopy
Authors: Kubatova Nina , Schmidt Thomas , Schwieters Charles D. , Clore G. Marius
Published: February 2023

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) activate numerous intracellular signaling pathways. The oligomerization properties of GPCRs, and hence their cellular functions, may be modulated by various components within the cell membrane (such as the presence of cholesterol). Modulation may occur directly via specific interaction with the GPCR or indirectly by affecting the physical properties of the membrane. Here, we use pulsed Q-band double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy to probe distances between R1 nitroxide spin labels attached to Cys163 and Cys344 of the β
1
-adrenergic receptor (β
1
AR) in
n
-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside micelles upon titration with two soluble cholesterol analogs, cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) and sodium cholate. The former, like cholesterol, inserts itself into the lipid membrane, parallel to the phospholipid chains; the latter is aligned parallel to the surface of membranes. Global quantitative analysis of DEER echo curves upon titration of spin-labeled β
1
AR with CHS and sodium cholate reveal the following: CHS binds specifically to the β
1
AR monomer at a site close to the Cys163-R1 spin label with an equilibrium dissociation constant

K

D

CHS

 ~1.4 ± 0.4 mM. While no direct binding of sodium cholate to the β
1
AR receptor was observed by DEER, sodium cholate induces specific β
1
AR dimerization (

K

D

cholate

 ~35 ± 6 mM and a Hill coefficient
n
 ~ 2.5 ± 0.4) with intersubunit contacts between transmembrane helices 1 and 2 and helix 8. Analysis of the DEER data obtained upon the addition of CHS to the β
1
AR dimer in the presence of excess cholate results in dimer dissociation with species occupancies as predicted from the individual
K
D
values.
Failure analysis of single-point butt clinched joint with dissimilar aluminium alloy sheets
Authors: Ren Xiaoqiang , Chen Chao
Published: February 2023

To explore the failure principle of single-point butt clinched joints, the AA5052 and AA6061 sheets were employed to produce the single-point butt clinched joints. The microscopic morphology of the fracture surface, geometrical parameters, static strength, energy absorption and failure details of the joints were analysed. The experimental results showed that fracture forms of sheet materials are the same as ductile fracture. The sheet combination has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the single-point butt clinched joint, which is ultimately due to the different mechanical properties of the basal sheets. The single-point butt clinching process proposed in this work contributes to simplifying the clinching process while increasing the joining efficiency.
Stacking fault energy and creep mechanism of a single-crystal nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Wang Guangyan , Tian Sugui , Tian Ning , Zhu Xinjie , Zhang Shunke , Zhang Song
Published: February 2023

The stacking fault energy and creep mechanism of a single-crystal nickel-based superalloy at different temperatures were studied. The results showed that the stacking fault energy increased with the increase in temperature, and element Ru greatly reduced the stacking fault energy compared with other elements in the alloy. The creep mechanism of the alloy was a 〈110〉 super-dislocation shearing into the γ′ phase below 850°C, and the super-dislocation could be decomposed into the configuration of (a/3) 〈112〉 partial dislocations plus super-lattice intrinsic stacking fault. The resistance of the dislocation decomposition increased during creep above 850°C, the a 〈110〉 super-dislocation did not decompose when it cut into the γ′ phase along the {111} plane.
Fast and scarless: Prx1+ fibroblasts turbocharge healing
Authors: Kratofil Rachel M. , Naik Shruti
Published: February 2023

Our oral cavity has evolved a capacity for rapid healing without scarring. In this issue of JEM, Ko et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20221350) identify a Prx1+ fibroblast progenitor that drives oral regeneration by summoning pro-healing TGFβ1+ macrophages.
Experimental analysis of a low controlling voltage tri-electrode MEMS electrostatic actuator for array applications
Authors: Allameh Mehdi , Zhou Yu , Chen Tao , Chrusch Dwayne , Park Byoungyoul , Shafai Cyrus
Published: February 2023

A tri-electrode electrostatic actuator with one moving microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electrode and two stationary electrodes (tri-electrode actuator topology) is experimentally tested in this article. The stationary controlling (intermediate) electrode is perforated and below the moving MEMS electrode, and the common electrode is further below. Numerical simulations were performed to discover the most optimum tri-electrode design parameters to enable the best performance improvement compared to a conventional two electrode electrostatic actuator. A silicon-based moving MEMS electrode was designed with a relatively linear spring constant, and the controlling intermediate and primary stationary electrodes were fabricated on either side of a quartz substrate instead of free space to simplify their fabrication. The measurement results showed that the tri-electrode topology can control the displacement of the MEMS with a lower controlling voltage and with extended controllable range before pull-in instability, compared to the conventional actuator. Simulations and measurements showed the controlling voltage was decreased by 2.6 times smaller than the conventional actuator topology using a bipolar driven intermediate electrode, and the controllable deflection range before pull-in was elevated by 33%. This tri-electrode topology offers benefits for applications in need of arrays of electrostatic actuators such as deformable mirrors.
Development of an EGFET microsensor with 3D structure for high-specificity cardiac troponin I detection
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Hsu , Huang Chih-Hsien , Lin Jia-Huei , Yu Ling-Shan , Huang I-Yu
Published: February 2023

In this study, we used microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to design a three-dimensional microsensor, which is based on an extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET), to detect cardiac troponin (cTnI). A planar micro-reference electrode was integrated onto the same chip. All fabrication processes were compatible with integrated circuit and MEMS technologies, and the dimension of our cTnI microsensor was 1.0 cm × 0.8 cm. From measurements, microsensor sensitivity was 11.408 V (ng ml−1)−1 and sensing linearity was 0.961 in the 0–0.05 ng ml−1 range. In the 0.05–1 ng ml−1 range, sensitivity was 0.887 V (ng ml−1)−1 and linearity 0.933. The detection limit was 0.0063 ng ml−1, and the response time was approximately 300 s. Bridge-type source read-out, temperature correction and temperature compensation circuits were also successfully designed and were used to reduce the influence of temperature on sensing signals.
Hadronic loop effects to excited scalar charmed mesons revisited
Authors: Alhakami Mohammad H , Althubiti Numa A , Al-shammari Nwuyer A
Published: February 2023

We re-examine the hadronic loop effects on the masses of

D

0

*

and

D

s
0

*

calculated in quark models in the framework of heavy meson chiral perturbation theory (HMCHPT). Unlike previous approaches, ours reproduces the observed scalar charm states reported by the Particle Data Group (PDG). We show why previous approaches of using HMCHPT in studying mass shift effects due to chiral loops gave unsatisfactory results.
Ab initio no-core shell-model study of 18-24Ne isotopes
Authors: Sarma Chandan , Srivastava Praveen C
Published: February 2023

We report ab initio no-core shell-model (NCSM) study of 18−24Ne isotopes for energy spectra, electromagnetic properties, and point-proton radii using three realistic NN interactions. We have used inside nonlocal outside Yukawa (INOY), charge-dependent Bonn 2000 (CDB2K) and the chiral next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) interactions. We are able to reach basis size up to N
max = 6 for 18Ne and N
max = 4 for the 19−24Ne isotopes with m-scheme dimensions up to 1.0 × 109 in case of 24Ne. We observed better results for INOY interaction in terms of the binding energies of the ground state, and overall all three interactions provide good agreement with the experimental low-energy spectra. Our results for reduced M1 transition strengths and magnetic moments are close to the experimental values. We found that for long-range observables such as the E2 transition strengths, the electric quadrupole moments, and the point-proton radii (r

p
), we need higher N
max calculations to obtain results comparable to the experimental data. We have observed almost 6% increment in the converged r

p
as we increase the model space from N
max = 4 to N
max = 6.
A primer on twistronics: a massless Dirac fermion’s journey to moiré patterns and flat bands in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Aggarwal Deepanshu , Narula Rohit , Ghosh Sankalpa
Published: February 2023

The recent discovery of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG) has sparked a renewed interest in the strongly-correlated physics of sp
2 carbons, in stark contrast to preliminary investigations which were dominated by the one-body physics of the massless Dirac fermions. We thus provide a self-contained, theoretical perspective of the journey of graphene from its single-particle physics-dominated regime to the strongly-correlated physics of the flat bands. Beginning from the origin of the Dirac points in condensed matter systems, we discuss the effect of the superlattice on the Fermi velocity and Van Hove singularities in graphene and how it leads naturally to investigations of the moiré pattern in van der Waals heterostructures exemplified by graphene-hexagonal boron-nitride and TBLG. Subsequently, we illuminate the origin of flat bands in TBLG at the magic angles by elaborating on a broad range of prominent theoretical works in a pedagogical way while linking them to available experimental support, where appropriate. We conclude by providing a list of topics in the study of the electronic properties of TBLG not covered by this review but may readily be approached with the help of this primer.
A perspective on the physical scaling down of hafnia-based ferroelectrics
Authors: Park Ju Yong , Lee Dong Hyun , Park Geun Hyeong , Lee Jaewook , Lee Younghwan , Park Min Hyuk
Published: February 2023

HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films have attracted significant interest for semiconductor device applications due to their compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. One of the benefits of HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films is their ability to be scaled to thicknesses as low as 10 nm while retaining their ferroelectric properties; a feat that has been difficult to accomplish with conventional perovskite-based ferroelectrics using CMOS-compatible processes. However, reducing the thickness limit of HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films below the sub 5 nm thickness regime while preserving their ferroelectric property remains a formidable challenge. This is because both the structural factors of HfO2, including polymorphism and orientation, and the electrical factors of HfO2-based devices, such as the depolarization field, are known to be highly dependent on the HfO2 thickness. Accordingly, when the thickness of HfO2 drops below 5 nm, these factors will become even more crucial. In this regard, the size effect of HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films is thoroughly discussed in the present review. The impact of thickness on the ferroelectric property of HfO2-based thin films and the electrical performance of HfO2-based ferroelectric semiconductor devices, such as ferroelectric random-access-memory, ferroelectric field-effect-transistor, and ferroelectric tunnel junction, is extensively discussed from the perspective of fundamental theory and experimental results. Finally, recent developments and reports on achieving ferroelectric HfO2 at sub-5 nm thickness regime and their applications are discussed.
A compound Kinoform/Fresnel zone plate lens with 15 nm resolution and high efficiency in soft x-ray
Authors: Tong Xujie , Chen Yifang , Mu Chengyang , Chen Qiucheng , Zhang Xiangzhi , Zeng Guang , Li Yuchun , Xu Zijian , Zhao Jun , Zhen Xiangjun , Mao Chengwen , Lu Hongliang , Tai Renzhong
Published: February 2023

X-ray microscope as an important nanoprobing tool plays a prevailing role in nano-inspections of materials. Despite the fast advances of high resolution focusing/imaging reported, the efficiency of existing high-resolution zone plates is mostly around 5% in soft x-ray and rapidly goes down to 1%–2% when the resolution approaches 10 nm. It is well known that the rectangular zone shape, beamstop, limited height/width ratios, material absorption of light and structural defects are likely responsible for the limited efficiency. Although zone plates with Kinoform profile are supposed to be efficient, progress for achieving both high resolution (<30 nm) and high efficiency (>5%) have hardly been addressed in soft x-ray. In this work, we propose a compound Kinoform/Fresnel zone plate (CKZP) by combing a dielectric Kinoform zone plate with a 15 nm resolution zone plate. Greyscale electron beam lithography was applied to form the 3D Kinoform zone plate and atomic layer deposition was carried out to form the binary zone plate. Optical characterizations demonstrated 15 nm resolution focusing/imaging with over 7.8% efficiency in soft x-ray. The origin of the efficiency improvement behind the proposed compound lens is theoretically analyzed and discussed.
A route for the top-down fabrication of ordered ultrathin GaN nanowires
Authors: Oliva M , Kaganer V , Pudelski M , Meister S , Tahraoui A , Geelhaar L , Brandt O , Auzelle T
Published: February 2023

We introduce a facile route for the top-down fabrication of ordered arrays of GaN nanowires with aspect ratios exceeding 10 and diameters below 20 nm. Highly uniform thin GaN nanowires are first obtained by lithographic patterning a bilayer Ni/SiN
x
hard mask, followed by a combination of dry and wet etching in KOH. The SiN
x
is found to work as an etch stop during wet etching, which eases reproducibility. Arrays with nanowire diameters down to (33 ± 5) nm can be achieved with a uniformity suitable for photonic applications. Next, a scheme for digital etching is demonstrated to further reduce the nanowire diameter down to 5 nm. However, nanowire breaking or bundling is observed for diameters below ≈20 nm, an effect that is associated to capillary forces acting on the nanowires during sample drying in air. Explicit calculations of the nanowire buckling states under capillary forces indicate that nanowire breaking is favored by the incomplete wetting of water on the substrate surface during drying. The observation of intense nanowire photoluminescence at room-temperature indicates good compatibility of the fabrication route with optoelectronic applications. The process can be principally applied to any GaN/SiN
x
nanostructures and allows regrowth after removal of the SiN
x
mask.
Rigorous bounds on Lyapunov exponents of linked twist maps
Authors: Wright Patrick , Niesen Jitse , Sturman Rob
Published: February 2023

Rigorous, elementary upper and lower bounds upon the Lyapunov exponents of a parametrised family of linked twist maps are given, and obtained explicitly for a specific range of parameter values. The method used to obtain the bounds utilises the existence of invariant cones for specific products of the underlying family of shear maps, and the return time partition of the overlap region of the two annuli. Improvements upon the accuracy of this method are then obtained by considering preceding sequences of matrices on the orbits.
Radial and non-radial multiple solutions to a general mixed dispersion NLS equation
Authors: d’Avenia Pietro , Pomponio Alessio , Schino Jacopo
Published: February 2023

We study the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a fourth-order dispersion termΔ2u−βΔu=g(u)in RNin the positive and zero mass regimes: in the former,N⩾2andβ>−2m, wherem > 0 depends ong; in the latter,N⩾3andβ > 0. In either regimes, we find an infinite sequence of solutions under rather generic assumptions aboutg; ifN = 2 in the positive mass case, orN = 4 in the zero mass case, we need to strengthen such assumptions. Our approach is variational.
3D pyramidal densely connected network with cross-frame uncertainty guidance for intravascular ultrasound sequence segmentation
Authors: Xia Menghua , Yang Hongbo , Huang Yi , Qu Yanan , Zhou Guohui , Zhang Feng , Wang Yuanyuan , Guo Yi
Published: February 2023

Objective. Automatic extraction of external elastic membrane border (EEM) and lumen-intima border (LIB) in intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) sequences aids atherosclerosis diagnosis. Existing IVUS segmentation networks ignored longitudinal relations among sequential images and neglected that IVUS images of different vascular conditions vary largely in intricacy and informativeness. As a result, they suffered from performance degradation in complicated parts in IVUS sequences. Approach. In this paper, we develop a 3D Pyramidal Densely-connected Network (PDN) with Adaptive learning and post-Correction guided by a novel cross-frame uncertainty (CFU). The proposed method is named PDN-AC. Specifically, the PDN enables the longitudinal information exploitation and the effective perception of size-varied vessel regions in IVUS samples, by pyramidally connecting multi-scale 3D dilated convolutions. Additionally, the CFU enhances the robustness of the method to complicated pathology from the frame-level (f-CFU) and pixel-level (p-CFU) via exploiting cross-frame knowledge in IVUS sequences. The f-CFU weighs the complexity of IVUS frames and steers an adaptive sampling during the PDN training. The p-CFU visualizes uncertain pixels probably misclassified by the PDN and guides an active contour-based post-correction. Main results. Human and animal experiments were conducted on IVUS datasets acquired from atherosclerosis patients and pigs. Results showed that the f-CFU weighted adaptive sampling reduced the Hausdorff distance (HD) by 10.53%/7.69% in EEM/LIB detection. Improvements achieved by the p-CFU guided post-correction were 2.94%/5.56%. Significance. The PDN-AC attained mean Jaccard values of 0.90/0.87 and HD values of 0.33/0.34 mm in EEM/LIB detection, preferable to state-of-the-art IVUS segmentation methods.
Minimizing separatrix crossings through isoprominence
Authors: Burby J W , Duignan N , Meiss J D
Published: February 2023

A simple property of magnetic fields that minimizes bouncing to passing type transitions of guiding center orbits is defined and discussed. This property, called isoprominence, is explored through the framework of a near-axis expansion. It is shown that isoprominent magnetic fields for a toroidal configuration exist to all orders in a formal expansion about a magnetic axis. Some key geometric features of these fields are described.
Discrete-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a high key rate
Authors: Wang Pu , Zhang Yu , Lu Zhenguo , Wang Xuyang , Li Yongmin
Published: February 2023

Discrete-modulation continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution has the potential for large-scale deployment in secure quantum communication networks owing to its low implementation complexity and compatibility with the current coherent optical telecommunication. However, current discrete-modulation protocols require relatively large constellation sizes to achieve a key rate comparable to that of the Gaussian modulation. Here, we show that a high key rate comparable to the Gaussian modulation can be achieved using only ten or so coherent states by implementing suitable key map and numerical convex optimization techniques. Specifically, the key rate of the two-ring constellation with 12 coherent states (four states in the inner ring and eight states in the outer ring) can reach 2.4 times of that of original quadrature phase shift keying and 70% of the Gaussian modulation protocol at 50 km. Such an approach can easily be applied to existing systems, making the discrete-modulation protocol an attractive alternative for high-rate and low-cost applications in secure quantum communication networks.
New modied Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative applied to solve nonlinear fractional dierential equations
Authors: Yépez-Martínez H , Gómez-Aguilar J F , Inc Mustafa
Published: February 2023

The main goal of this work is to present a new modified version of the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler non-singular kernel and strong memory. This proposal presents important advantages when specific initial conditions are impossed. The new modified version of the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler non-singular kernel has been constructed considering the fulfillment of the initial conditions with special interest because they are decisive in the obtaintion of analytical and numerical solutions of the fractional differential equations. The advantage of this new fractional derivative in the fulfilling of initial conditions plays a central role for the implementation of different perturbative analytical methods, such as the homotopy perturbation method and the modified homotopy perturbation method. These methods will be applied to solve nonlinear fractional differential equations. This novel modified derivative can be applied in the future in different mathematical modeling areas where satisfy the initial conditions is of great relevance to get more accurate description of real-world problems.
The effect of sample viscoelastic properties and cantilever amplitudes on maximum repulsive force, indentation, and energy dissipation in bimodal AFM
Authors: Damircheli Mehrnoosh , Jung Uidam , Wagner Ryan
Published: February 2023

Bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses two eigenfrequencies to map nanomechanical properties with high spatial and temporal resolution. To reliably map surface properties and to understand the links between experimental observables, energy dissipation, and viscoelastic properties considering the effects of nonconservative interaction forces is essential. To avoid damaging the sample, the maximum force between the tip and the surface and the maximum indentation of the tip into the sample needs to be controlled. In this work, we use both experiments and simulations to study how viscoelastic properties affect the cantilever response in bimodal AFM. We simulate the tip-sample interaction force, indentation, and energy dissipation for samples with different viscous properties. Under the tested operating conditions, we observe that more energy is dissipated in the higher eigenmode. The larger higher eigenmode free amplitude increases the energy dissipation in both eigenmodes. The larger energy dissipation increases the contrast of the bimodal AFM dissipation map. The simulations are cross-compared with experiments and similar trends are observed. This work is important for understanding and optimizing bimodal AFM measurements on samples with significant viscoelastic responses, such as cells, tissues, and polymers.