bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new avenue in the search for CP violation: Mössbauer spectroscopy of $$^{227}$$Ac
Authors: Scheck Marcus , Chapman Robert , Dobaczewski Jacek , Ederer Claude , Ivanov Peter , Lorusso Guiseppe , O’Donnell David , Schröder Christian
Published: May 2023

This work proposes a new avenue in the search for CP-violating odd-electric and even-magnetic nuclear moments. A promising candidate to find such moments in the ground state is the quadrupole-deformed and octupole-correlated nucleus 227-actinium. In this nucleus, the 27.4-keV E1 transition that connects the $$3/2^+$$

3
/

2
+

parity-doublet partner and the $$3/2^-$$

3
/

2
-

ground state is perfectly suited to apply the sensitive technique of recoil-free selfabsorption, commonly known as Mössbauer spectroscopy. In this experimental approach, the lifetime of the $$3/2^+$$

3
/

2
+

upper parity-doublet partner allows an estimate of the lower limit of $$\Delta E = 2\cdot \Gamma _{\gamma }$$

Δ
E
=
2
·

Γ
γ

= $$23.7(1) \times 10^{-9}$$

23.7

(
1
)

×

10

-
9

 eV for the achievable energy resolution to be made. This resolution must be exceeded by the interaction of a CP-violating moment and the corresponding multipole moment of the field distribution in the lattice. This work presents the first ideas for patterns caused by CP-violating moments on the expected quadrupole splitting and nuclear Zeeman effect.
Advances in nuclear structure via charged particle reactions with AGATA
Authors: Mengoni D. , Beaumel D. , Catford W. N. , Assié M. , Brugnara D. , Galtarossa F. , Gottardo A. , Zanon I. , Zielińska M.
Published: May 2023

In recent decades, $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy has undergone a major technological leap forward, namely the technique of $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray tracking, and has attained a sensitivity that is two orders of magnitude larger than that provided by the former generation of Compton-shielded arrays. Indeed the gain is comparable with the achievements since the dawn of $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy. Such sensitivity can be further heightened by coupling $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectrometers to other detectors that record complementary reaction products such as light-charged particles for transfer reactions and scattered ions for Coulomb excitation measurements. Nucleon transfer reactions offer an excellent mean to probe the energies of shell model single-particle orbitals and to study migration in energy of these orbitals as we venture away from stability. Such measurements can also estimate the cross sections of processes relevant to stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. The measurement of $$\gamma $$
γ
rays in coincidence with particles provides also information on the decay channel for unbound systems, which constitutes a useful input for astrophysics and nuclear structure near the drip-lines. Coulomb-excitation studies make it possible to infer collective structure in nuclei and to extract deformation properties of, in particular, open-shell systems. Here, selected examples will be presented, highlighting the power of these types of experiments when $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray observation is included. The development of the experimental methods is reviewed, showing the results achieved before the advent of $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray tracking. Examples of more recent experiments that have successfully exploited $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray tracking with AGATA are then presented as showcases for the outstanding performance of the composite detection systems. The outlook for experiments using newly developed devices such as GRIT and other detectors such as SPIDER is described.
Reconstructing the arrival direction of neutrinos in deep in-ice radio detectors
Authors: Plaisier Ilse , Bouma Sjoerd , Nelles Anna
Published: May 2023

In-ice radio detectors are a promising tool for the discovery of EeV neutrinos. For astrophysics, the implications of such a discovery will rely on the reconstruction of the neutrino arrival direction. This paper describes a first complete neutrino arrival direction reconstruction for detectors employing deep antennas such as RNO-G or planning to employ them like IceCube-Gen2. We will didactically introduce the challenges of neutrino direction reconstruction using radio emission in ice, elaborate on the detail of the algorithm used, and describe the obtainable performance based on a simulation study and discuss its implication for astrophysics.
Generalized Darboux algorithms for Dunkl–Schrödinger equations with position-dependent mass at fixed energy
Authors: Schulze-Halberg Axel
Published: May 2023

We apply generalized Darboux transformations to Schrödinger equations at fixed energy that contain Dunkl derivatives, and are equipped with a position-dependent mass. Our Darboux transformations, originating from coupled Korteweg–De Vries systems, consist of two algorithms that generate new solutions, potentials and position-dependent mass functions for the Dunkl–Schrödinger system.
Unsteady MHD flow in a rotating annular region with Homogeneous–Heterogeneous chemical reactions of Walters’ B fluids: Time-periodic boundary criteria
Authors: He Ji-Huan , Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Mona A. A. , Elagamy Khaled
Published: May 2023

This paper considers the movement of an incompressible non-Newtonian Walters’ B liquid within a rotating annulus. The flow lies within porous media and is magnetized by a uniform normal magnetic field. Mass transmission is included in the arrangements of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions (HHCR) with a thermal diffusion effect. Heat diffusion is exposed with a temperature- dependent heat source (THS) and an exponential radial-dependent heat source (ERHS), besides Joule heating and viscous dissipations. The mathematical construction is shown by momentum, energy and concentration of chemical materials equations along with time-periodic boundary conditions. The innovation of this study stems from considering mass transfer utilizing HHCR, with thermal diffusion effects in the flow within a rotating annulus, trying to understand the effect of these reactions on the flow and related applications. The principal regulating the structure of nonlinear partial differential equations is transferred by ordinary ones utilizing appropriate similarity analysis. These equations are analyzed by the homotopy perturbation method. Subsequently, the analytical solutions of the main profiles are obtained, and a graphical construction is established to clarify the effects of the relevant physical elements. It is observed that the velocity waves decrease with annulus width enlargement and increase with the wave phase amplitude. With an increase in all significant parameters, heat transmission gets better. Furthermore, as the strength of HHCR is increased, the concentration of molecules decreases. These outcomes are significant in several applications like cancer therapy, biochemical manufacturing purposes through reactors, where biochemical interactions can be regulated by accurate control of various parameters.
Emotion Recognition from Facial Expression Using Hybrid CNN–LSTM Network
Authors: Mohana M. , Subashini P. , Krishnaveni M.
Published: May 2023

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a prominent research area in Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence that has been playing a crucial role in human–computer interaction. The existing FER system focuses on spatial features for identifying the emotion, which suffers when recognizing emotions from a dynamic sequence of facial expressions in real time. Deep learning techniques based on the fusion of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are presented in this paper for recognizing emotion and identifying the relationship between the sequence of facial expressions. In this approach, a hyperparameter tweaked VGG-19 skeleton is employed to extract the spatial features automatically from a sequence of images, which avoids the shortcoming of the conventional feature extraction methods. Second, these features are given into bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) for extracting spatiotemporal features of time series in two directions, which recognize emotion from a sequence of expressions. The proposed method’s performance is evaluated using the CK+ benchmark as well as an in-house dataset captured from the designed IoT kit. Finally, this approach has been verified through hold-out cross-validation techniques. The proposed techniques show an accuracy of 0.92% on CK+, and 0.84% on the in-house dataset. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms compared to baseline methods and state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC curve metrics have been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.
Modeling Human–Machine Interaction System Reliability with Multiple Dependent Degradation Processes and Situation Awareness
Authors: Hu Yuhan , Wang Rui , Zhu Mengmeng , Chen Karen B.
Published: May 2023

With the advancement in automation, the roles of machine operators have shifted from traditional physical commitments to controlling the automation process. The operators need to understand and assess the incoming information and make decisions accordingly, which will determine the next move of the process and further affect the machine’s health status/performance. Such awareness and understanding of the situation, as one of the critical prerequisites of decision-making and known as situation awareness (SA), needs to be addressed appropriately in accessing the reliability of the system with human–machine interaction (HMI). Hence, we propose the HMI system reliability model considering the machine has multiple dependent degradation processes, and each degradation process is affected by the interactions of internal machine degradation, random shocks, and SA. In addition, the impacts of SA and external factors on the system are reflected in the amount and rate of the machine degradation process. The proposed model is demonstrated by a simulated case, and the sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze the impacts of model parameters on system reliability prediction. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing it with the existing model.
Few new reals
Authors: Asperó David , Mota Miguel Angel
Published: May 2023

We introduce a new method for building models of [Formula: see text], together with [Formula: see text] statements over [Formula: see text], by forcing. Unlike other forcing constructions in the literature, our construction adds new reals, although only [Formula: see text]-many of them. Using this approach, we build a model in which a very strong form of the negation of Club Guessing at [Formula: see text] known as [Formula: see text] holds together with [Formula: see text], thereby answering a well-known question of Moore. This construction can be described as a finite-support weak forcing iteration with side conditions consisting of suitable graphs of sets of models with markers. The [Formula: see text]-preservation is accomplished through the imposition of copying constraints on the information carried by the condition, as dictated by the edges in the graph.
Endomorphisms of semigroups of monotone transformations
Authors: Li De Biao , Fernandes Vítor H.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we characterize the monoid of endomorphisms of the semigroup of all monotone full transformations of a finite chain, as well as the monoids of endomorphisms of the semigroup of all monotone partial transformations and of the semigroup of all monotone partial permutations of a finite chain.
In Silico Studies, Design and Synthesis of Novel Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives as a DNA Gyrase Inhibitor and Antibacterial Activity Against Quinolone Resistant Escherichia Coli
Authors: Bhandare Richie R. , Helina N. , Subramani Arun kumar , Natarajan Ramalakshmi , Mali Suraj N. , Shaik Afzal B.
Published: May 2023

In recent years, antimicrobial agents have been crucial in improving public health worldwide. However, due to improper usage, bacteria have developed resistance to these agents. This has led researchers to explore the use of heterocyclic compounds as alternative antimicrobial agents to combat resistance. Considering the success of heterocyclic derivatives in developing effective antimicrobial drugs, we conducted a 2D-QSAR (QSAR models using 2D-descriptors) study on novel pyrimidine derivatives and performed in silico simulations to evaluate their potential antibacterial activity against quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. We used QSARINS V.2.2 (Insubria) software for the 2D-QSAR analysis and performed in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and docking studies on 16 newly designed compounds. The best QSAR model had a high correlation coefficient ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and showed no outliers. Based on these favorable results, we designed 16 new compounds and predicted their antibacterial activity using the best equation. Amongst the top six designed compounds, which had the best docking scores were subjected to practical synthesis. Compound 3cd was found to be good candidature from in-vitro anti-E. Coli activity. This compound may be targeting the DNA gyrases and thus, have inhibitory activity against E. Coli. This observation was also supported by 100[Formula: see text]ns molecular dynamics and normal mode analysis results. The most promising compounds identified through these computational studies may be synthesized and tested as potential new drug candidates for treating bacterial infections.
An Investigation into the Deterioration of Copper Surface Quality in Plasma Electrolytic Polishing
Authors: Dong Jintong , Yan Ying , Zhou Ping
Published: May 2023

Plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) is widely used in the finishing process of metallic parts. Some parts with narrow structures always suffer from surface quality deterioration in the PEP process. In this paper, the deterioration of surface quality was studied to reveal the vapor film evolution mechanism during the polishing. The conditions for the bump defects generation were investigated with the comparison of polished surface morphology under different voltages and immersion depths. The reasons for the bump defects generation were analyzed through the compositions, the chemical states of the elements, and the microstructure of bump defects. The relationship between the current density, the thickness of the vapor film, and the heat to maintain the vapor film was discussed. The vapor film was maintained by Joule heat generated by itself. During the PEP process, excessive current density on the anode surface made the vapor film thickness greater than the critical value of heat could maintain, leading to the collapse of the vapor film. The anode then came into partial contact with the electrolyte, resulting in bump defects. As a result, it is suggested that the thickness of the vapor film be reduced to prevent the surface quality of narrow structures from deteriorating.
Study on Development of Composite PAM/PI Gel Abrasive Tools and Finishing Performance on the Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Zhao Liang , Feng Kaiping , Lyu Binghai , Zhao Tianchen , Zhou Zhaozhong
Published: May 2023

A sol-gel method was proposed to prepare the abrasive tool to solve the problem of abrasive agglomeration in the traditional hot-pressing abrasive tool. In this paper, the effect of AM acrylamide (AM) monomer concentration on the polyacrylamide (PAM) gel performance and the effect of abrasive mass fraction on viscosity were investigated. Experiments about the effect of polyimide (PI) resin mass fraction on the mechanical properties, surface morphologies and friction wear performance of the abrasive tool were conducted. The polishing experiments were conducted to compare the machining effect of the gel abrasive tool, hot-pressing abrasive tool and the polyurethane polishing pad. Results show that the PAM gel has the best uniformity when the concentration of AM monomer reaches 7 wt%, when the mass fraction of PI resin in the abrasive tool reaches 12 wt%, the mechanical properties is the best. When the mass fraction of PI resin is 8 wt%, the gel abrasive tool has the most stable friction coefficient. The average surface roughness reaches 2.706 nm, and the flatness reaches 0.631 μm when the sapphire was processed by the gel abrasive tool. After Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), a scratch-free surface was obtained and the average surface roughness reached 0.724 nm.
Self-Selective Dielectric-Fuse Effect with Ambient Factors in Oxide-Based Memory
Authors: Chen Ying-Chen , Huang Yifu , Lee Jack C. , Stouffer Justin B.
Published: May 2023

A dual-function memory with CMOS compatibility has been presented with the feasibility of future embedded applications. The self-selective memory composed of bilayer oxide stacks is presented with the immunity of sneak-path current (SPC) and improved thermal stability for the high storage class memory array application. Meanwhile, the one-time programmable (OTP) memory is realized by the identical bilayer structure which has improved the yield of dielectric-fuse phenomena by increasing the operating temperature up to 423 K. The physical mechanisms and modeling are investigated with experimental and simulated results. Our results provide pathfinding of high density, CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration capability, land ow power multi-functionality in the future embedded applications.
Comparison of Precursors for Self-Assembled Monolayers as Cu Barriers
Authors: Cheng Yi-Lung , Lee Chih-Yen , Chen Giin-Shan , Fang Jau-Shiung
Published: May 2023

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are the emerging materials as the candidate of barriers for application in back-end-of–line interconnects in advanced integrated circuits. In this study, SAMs derived from organic molecules with different structures are compared in terms of electrical characteristics, Cu diffusion inhibition, and Cu–SiO2 adhesion promotion. Experimental results indicated that all SAMs formed in this study enhanced the breakdown filed of SiO2 film, promote Cu–SiO2 adhesion, and prevent Cu-silicate formation under thermal annealing. Among the studied SAMs, APTMS–SAM derived from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) has the most pronounced enhancement. Moreover, APTMS–SAM blocks the drift of Cu under electrical stress. The terminal group −NH2 attached to Cu layer in the APTMS is the key for the improvement.
Integrated Stochastic Investigation of Singularly Perturbed Delay Differential Equations for the Neuronal Variability Model
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Hussain Syed Ibrar , Ilyas Hira , Zoubir Layouni , Javed Mariam , Zahoor Raja Muhammad Asif
Published: May 2023

The proposed research utilizes a computational approach to attain a numerical solution for the singularly perturbed delay differential equation (SPDDE) problem arising in the neuronal variability model through artificial neural networks (ANNs) with different solvers. The log‐sigmoid function is used to construct the fitness function. The implementation of ANN on SPDDE problems is formulated for different solvers and trained with different weights. The optimization solvers such as the genetic algorithm (GA), sequential quadratic programming (SQP), and pattern search (PS) are hybridized with the active set technique (AST) and the interior‐point technique (IPT) and is used to check the accuracy and rapid convergence of the numerical results of the SPDDE model. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the system is easy to handle and efficient to solve with boundary conditions. Moreover, we used the mean residual error for one hundred runs for each solver to validate the accuracy of the proposed scheme.
New Multipriority and Variable Duration Triple Time Slot P-CSMA Protocol for Edge Servers Server Deployment
Authors: Ding Hongwei , Pei Wenmin , Yu Yongtao , Hu Peng , Li Bo , Lu Xu
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study the joint impact of task priority and transmission time slot variable computing services on a novel p-persistent random multiple access communication protocol (p-persistent CSMA) in an edge server network. The traditional p-persistent CSMA protocol performs better at low loads, and in order to make the protocol perform better even when the edge server network is accessed by a large number of smart terminals, we consider adding a variable success time slot length and a multichannel, multipriority access model. When the success time slot is longer, the nodes will take longer time to send data, which will reduce the number of nodes retransmitting data, thus improving channel utilization and making the throughput rate of the network increase accordingly. Then, different priority levels are assigned according to the user’s needs, and the higher the priority level, the more channels are occupied and the probability of successful message delivery increases. Finally, the superiority of the proposed protocol is verified by simulation.
Association of Lateralized Interictal Epileptiform Discharges with Postsurgical Seizure Outcomes in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A 10-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Center
Authors: Li Shujing , He Zeng , Li Yang , Huang Kaixuan , Yang Xiaolin , Wang Shufang , Shi Xianjun , Liu Lihong , Wang Miao , Xiang Shu , Wang Wei , Zhang Jingyi , Lv Shengqing , Liu Zhonghong , Zhang Chunqing , Yang Hui , Liu Shiyong , Wang Zhongke
Published: May 2023

Objective. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder often associated with intractable epilepsy, and surgical resection is the effective therapeutic approach to alleviate seizures in TSC patients. Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) is a noninvasive method used to diagnose epilepsy; however, the relationship between scalp video-EEG findings and postsurgical seizure outcomes has not been fully evaluated in TSC patients. Materials and Methods. The relationship between clinical characteristics and seizure outcomes of TSC patients with 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year follow-ups was retrospectively analyzed. We explored the association of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) with postsurgical seizure outcomes. Further, the differences in clinical characteristics among four IED patterns (focal, lateralized, multifocal, and generalized IEDs) were assessed. Results. A total of 82 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 82 patients with 1-year follow-up, 75 patients with 5-year follow-up, and 57 patients with 10-year follow-up, and the IEDs were associated with the postsurgical outcomes. Patients with focal, lateralized, and generalized IEDs had seizure freedom (SF) in 1-year follow-up, respectively. Intriguingly, patients with lateralized IEDs had long-term SF in 5-year and 10-year follow-ups. Conclusions. A significant association existed between IEDs and long-term postsurgical outcomes in TSC patients. TSC patients with lateralized IEDs often showed long-term SF and mild clinical epileptic characteristics. According to our study, IEDs may guide clinical care for TSC patients with intractable epilepsy.
Selenium-Chitosan Treatment Affects Amino Acid Content and Volatile Components of Red Globe Grape during Storage
Authors: Liu Yaping , Ren Gang , Zhao Xiaotong , Wang Wei , Di Jianbing , Wang Yu , Lin Wenyan
Published: May 2023

Flavor is an essential attribute of grapes, but it quickly deteriorates and loses its quality. This study examined the effects of the selenium-chitosan treatment on the amino acid content and volatile components of freshly harvested grapes stored at 0°C. The amount and composition of precursors such as fatty acids and amino acids have an important influence on the formation of aroma compounds. In this article, the amino acids, volatile components, and some enzyme activities of different treated grapes were analyzed. The results of the analysis of free amino acid composition indicated that the selenium-chitosan treatment significantly reduced the loss of amino acid content by inhibiting the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). The analysis also revealed that the significant differences in alcohol and aldehyde compounds primarily accounted for the variation in volatile components between treatments. The selenium-chitosan treatment slowed the decline in the content of aldehyde compounds and inhibited the increase in the range of alcohol compounds. These findings demonstrated that treatment with 25 mg L-1 selenium mixed with 1.0% chitosan solution has a positive effect on maintaining the flavor of Red Globe grapes. This treatment is worthy of future promotion.
A Small Object Detection Network Based on Multiple Feature Enhancement and Feature Fusion
Authors: Tan Kun , Ding Shengduo , Wu Shuncheng , Tian Kun , Ren Jie
Published: May 2023

Due to the small size, high resolution, and complex background, small object detection has become a difficult point in computer vision. Making full use of high-resolution features and reducing information loss in the process of information propagation is of great significance to improve small object detection. In this article, to achieve the above two points, this work proposes a small object detection network based on multiple feature enhancement and feature fusion based on RetinaNet (MFEFNet). First, this work designs a densely connected dilated convolutions to adequately extract high-resolution features from C2. Then, this work utilizes subpixel convolution to avoid the loss of channel information caused by channel dimension reduction in the lateral connection. Finally, this article introduces a bidirectional fusion feature pyramid structure to shorten the propagation path of high-resolution features and reduce the loss of high-resolution features. Experiments show that our proposed MFEFNet achieves stable performance gains in object detection task. Specifically, the improved method improves RetinaNet from 34.4AP to 36.2AP on the challenging MS COCO dataset, and especially achieves excellent results in small object detection with an improvement of 2.9%.
Research on the Theory and Numerical Simulation of Mine Pressure Behavior in Steeply Inclined Thick Coal Seams
Authors: Huang Yuxi , Cheng Xiaoyang
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to study the law of pressure behavior and the characteristics of mutual influence in the process of steeply inclined coal seam mining. Based on the geological and engineering conditions of the B8 coal seam in Nanshan coal mine, this paper explores the law of mine pressure behavior in the process of steeply inclined coal seam mining by means of theoretical analysis and FLAC3D numerical simulation. Based on this, this paper also examines the influence of the interaction range between coal seams, the reasonable setting size of the section coal pillar, and the mining distance of the working face on the return air roadway. The results suggest as follows: (1) With an increase in the coal seam dip angle, the difference in the abutment pressure plastic zone between upper and lower coal pillars increases, and when mining in steeply inclined coal seams, the stress concentration in the lower and upper part of the working face deviates to the roof and floor respectively, which is obviously different from that of gently inclined coal seams. (2) The vertical stress above the section coal pillar changes in three stages with an increase in the width of the coal pillar, and the width of the coal pillar in the second stage can be taken as the reasonable size of the width of the coal pillar. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results, which indicate the high reliability of this method in determining the reasonable coal pillar size. (3) With an increase in the mining distance in steeply inclined coal seams, the maximum pressure around the working face and above the return air roadway has gone through three stages. When the distance between the working face and the adjacent return air roadway is close, the pressure above the return air roadway increases sharply, and disturbance is stronger.
Distribution Network Disaster Early Warning and Production Decision Support System Based on Multisource Data
Authors: Li Shan , Feng Bin , Zhang Wei , Feng Yubin , Huang Zhidu
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problems of long warning time and low warning accuracy in the traditional distribution network disaster early warning and production decision support systems, a distribution network disaster early warning and production decision support system based on multisource data is designed. The forecast information is collected through the data collector, the wind load and lightning trip rate of the line are calculated, all of the information is integrated together for multisource data fusion processing, and the distribution network disaster early warning model is constructed in accordance with the system hardware, which is designed with a data collector, gateway, man‐machine interface, fault analysis module, disaster early warning module, and expert decision support module. According to the system hardware and software design, the design of a distribution network disaster early warning and production decision support system based on multisource data is realized. The simulation results show that the system has high accuracy and a short warning time.
Upadacitinib in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Li Zhixuan , Wu Shuwei , Guo Linghong , Jiang Xian
Published: May 2023

Background. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with proinflammatory cytokines and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Upadacitinib, an approved oral JAK1 inhibitor, has been investigated in some clinical trials and observational studies of AD. However, the efficacy and safety profile of upadacitinib for AD is still unclear, as few previous meta‐analyses evaluated upadacitinib alone. Purpose. To assess the benefit and risk profile of upadacitinib for patients with AD based on evidence from current clinical trials and observational studies. Methods. The study was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Efficacy outcomes included the proportion of AD patients achieving 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI 50, 75, 90, and 100) and clear or almost clear in Investigator Global Assessment (IGA 0/1) following upadacitinib treatment. Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) was used for quality assessment, and Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (CMA) was used to analyze the extracted data. Results. We enrolled 12 studies from 11 articles, including 6 clinical trials and 6 observational studies. For efficacy, the overall pooled proportions of AD patients achieving EASI 50, EASI 75, EASI 90, and EASI 100 after upadacitinib therapy were 83.3%, 70.5%, 51.8%, and 25.0%, respectively. For safety, the most frequently reported adverse events during upadacitinib treatment were acne (13.2%), and the overall pooled rate of serious adverse events was acceptable (2.2%). The pooled rate of upadacitinib discontinuation was 1.5%, with adverse events (2.2%) and lack of efficacy (1.6%) as the major factors. The subgroup analysis based on dosage regimen revealed that upadacitinib 30 mg/d conferred superior efficacy in treating AD but higher risks of acne than 15 mg/d. Conclusions. Upadacitinib seems to be a promising drug with mild adverse effects in the treatment of AD. More high‐quality, large‐scale controlled trials are needed for further verification.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Metastatic Prostate Cancers with BRCA2 versus ATM Mutations Exhibit Divergent Molecular Features and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Justin , Shi Xiaolei , Elliott Andrew , Arnoff Taylor E. , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Walker Phillip , Bergom Hannah E. , Day Abderrahman , Ahmed Shihab , Tape Sydney , Makovec Allison , Ali Atef , Shaker Rami M. , Toye Eamon , Passow Rachel , Lozada John R. , Wang Jinhua , Lou Emil , Mouw Kent W. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Korn W. Michael , Nabhan Chadi , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2023

Tumor mutation burden (muts/Mb) of ATM and BRCA2 mutant mPCs.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Metastatic Prostate Cancers with BRCA2 versus ATM Mutations Exhibit Divergent Molecular Features and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Justin , Shi Xiaolei , Elliott Andrew , Arnoff Taylor E. , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Walker Phillip , Bergom Hannah E. , Day Abderrahman , Ahmed Shihab , Tape Sydney , Makovec Allison , Ali Atef , Shaker Rami M. , Toye Eamon , Passow Rachel , Lozada John R. , Wang Jinhua , Lou Emil , Mouw Kent W. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Korn W. Michael , Nabhan Chadi , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2023

Overall survival of ATM, BRCA2 mutant, and HRDother mPCs.
Data from Metastatic Prostate Cancers with BRCA2 versus ATM Mutations Exhibit Divergent Molecular Features and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Justin , Shi Xiaolei , Elliott Andrew , Arnoff Taylor E. , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Walker Phillip , Bergom Hannah E. , Day Abderrahman , Ahmed Shihab , Tape Sydney , Makovec Allison , Ali Atef , Shaker Rami M. , Toye Eamon , Passow Rachel , Lozada John R. , Wang Jinhua , Lou Emil , Mouw Kent W. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Korn W. Michael , Nabhan Chadi , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose:
In patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC), ATM and BRCA2 mutations dictate differences in PARPi inhibitor response and other therapies. We interrogated the molecular features of ATM- and BRCA2-mutated mPC to explain the divergent clinical outcomes and inform future treatment decisions.
Experimental design:
We examined a novel set of 1,187 mPCs after excluding microsatellite-instable (MSI) tumors. We stratified these based on ATM (n = 88) or BRCA2 (n = 98) mutations. As control groups, mPCs with mutations in 12 other homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes were considered non-BRCA2/ATM HRR-deficient (HRDother, n = 193), whereas lack of any HRR mutations were considered HRR-proficient (HRP; n = 808). Gene expression analyses were performed using Limma. Real-world overall survival was determined from insurance claims data.
Results:
In noncastrate mPCs, only BRCA2-mutated mPCs exhibited worse clinical outcomes to AR-targeted therapies. In castrate mPCs, both ATM and BRCA2 mutations exhibited worse clinical outcomes to AR-targeted therapies. ATM-mutated mPCs had reduced TP53 mutations and harbored coamplification of 11q13 genes, including CCND1 and genes in the FGF family. BRCA2-mutated tumors showed elevated genomic loss-of-heterozygosity scores and were often tumor mutational burden high. BRCA2-mutated mPCs had upregulation of cell-cycle genes and were enriched in cell-cycle signaling programs. This was distinct from ATM-mutated tumors.
Conclusions:
Tumoral ATM and BRCA2 mutations are associated with differential clinical outcomes when patients are stratified by treatments, including hormonal or taxane therapies. ATM- and BRCA2-mutated tumors exhibited differences in co-occurring molecular features. These unique molecular features may inform therapeutic decisions and development of novel therapies.
Impact of human activities on wild ungulates in Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: K. Ashok Kumar  , Qureshi Qamar , Yadavendradev V. Jhala
Published: May 2023

Human activities affect wildlife in several ways, ungulates tend to avoid areas of high human use and alter their behavior to avoid human activity. We used remote camera traps to quantify the relative abundance and activity of wild ungulates in high and low human use areas within Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR). Major human activity in NSTR included collection of forest produce and fuel wood, and livestock grazing. Poaching for bush-meat and the use of hunting dogs was also prevalent, but could not be quantified. The relative abundance of wild ungulates was high in low human-use areas except for chital and wild pigs, which require flat terrain and water found in prime areas for settlements. Diurnal ungulates like Chital and Nilgai substantially altered their activity in response to human activity, as did nocturnal species like Sambar and Mouse Deer. The demographic response of ungulates in NSTR has been poor compared to other tiger reserves that have been made free of human use. Our research highlights the importance of having human-free protected areas so as to achieve the desired conservation objectives of harbouring viable populations of large carnivores that require high prey abundance.
An evaluation of the wetland grass flora of Mizoram, India
Authors: S. Pathak
Published: May 2023

Mizoram, a diminutive state in northeastern India forms a major segment of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots. The wetland grasses in the ecosystem are elements adapted in assorted habitat as one of the primary producers. This present assessment is principally focused to augment and evaluate information on the current status of the aquatic and semi-aquatic grasses from the taxonomic and ecological perspectives from this ecoregion. The paper encompasses the present taxonomic account of the wetland grasses with recent citations, protologue, type, basionym, phenology, growth forms, field status, worldwide distribution and specimens examined. The present investigation revealed the occurrence and distribution of 16 genera including 23 species of wetland grasses from this state. This kind of study always sets the ground for launching in-depth ecological projects for working out the present ecological characteristics and status of the wetlands and their restoration and conservation.
New distribution records of two jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Gujarat, India
Authors: Subhash Parmar  , Prajapati Dhruv A.
Published: May 2023

Two jumping spider species, Modunda staintoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) and Vailimia ajmerensis Caleb & Jangid, 2020, are reported for the first time from Gujarat. Illustrations of the general morphology and copulatory organs of both species are provided.
Impact of Preoperative Quantitative Flow Ratio of the Left Anterior Descending Artery on Internal Mammary Artery Graft Patency and Midterm Patient Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Wang Chunyuan , Hu Zhan , Hou Zhihui , Wang Yang , Song Lei , Xu Bo , Guan Changdong , Ning Yu , Feng Wei , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2023

Background

In coronary artery bypass grafting, grafting a target vessel with nonsignificant stenosis increases the risk of graft failure. The present study aims to investigate the impact of preoperative quantitative flow ratio (QFR), a novel functional assessment of the coronary artery, on internal mammary artery graft failure rate and midterm patient outcomes.

Methods and Results

Between January 2016 and January 2020, we retrospectively included 419 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting who had received preoperative angiography and postoperative coronary computed tomographic angiography in our center. QFR of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was computed based on preoperative angiograms. The primary end point was the failure of the graft on the LAD artery assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography at 1 year, and the secondary end point was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events including death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization. Grafts on functionally nonsignificant LAD arteries (QFR >0.80) had a significantly higher failure rate than those on functionally significant LAD arteries (31.4% versus 7.2%,
P
<0.001). QFR outperforms degree of stenosis in discriminating graft failure (C statistic, 0.76 versus 0.58). Clinical follow‐up (3.6 years, interquartile range [3.3–4.1]) was accomplished in 405 patients, and the rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was significantly higher among patients with functionally nonsignificant LAD arteries (10.1% versus 4.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.18–8.06];
P
=0.022).

Conclusions

In patients receiving internal mammary artery to LAD artery coronary artery bypass grafting, preoperative QFR of the LAD artery of >0.80 was associated with a higher graft failure rate at 1 year and worse patient outcomes at the 3.6‐year follow‐up.
Association of Cardiovascular Health Assessed by the New Life's Essential 8 Metrics With Years Lived Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Xia Xue , Chen Shuohua , Tian Xue , Xu Qin , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Penglian , Wu Shouling , Lin Liming , Wang Anxin
Published: May 2023

Background

The American Heart Association recently proposed an updated definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) named as Life's Essential 8. We aimed to explore the association between this latest published CVH measurement and years lived without cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the Chinese population.

Methods and Results

We included 89 755 adults free of CVD at baseline from the Kailuan study. The CVH of each participant was scored (from 0 point to 100 points) and classified (low [0–49 points], moderate [50–79 points], and high [80–100 points]) according to Life's Essential 8, which incorporated 8 components covering health behaviors and health factors. Incident CVD was documented through follow‐ups from baseline (June 2006 to October 2007) until December 31, 2020. CVD‐free life years from age 30 to 80 years associated with different CVH scores were estimated using flexible parametric survival models. A total of 9977 incident CVDs were recorded. We observed a gradient relationship between CVH score and years lived without CVD. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted CVD‐free life years (95% CI) were 40.7 (40.3–41.0) years for low CVH, 43.3 (43.0–43.5) years for moderate CVH, and 45.5 (45.1–45.9) years for high CVH. Similar trends were noted when individual subtypes of CVD were investigated, and high CVH evaluated by health behaviors and health factors was also related to longer CVD‐free life years.

Conclusions

A higher CVH evaluated by the updated Life's Essential 8 metrics was significantly associated with a greater number of life years without CVD, indicating the importance of promoting CVH for healthy aging in China.
Inequities in Treatments and Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the United States
Authors: Johnson Daniel Y. , Waken R. J. , Fox Daniel K. , Hammond Gmerice , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Cresci Sharon
Published: May 2023

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heritable cardiac disease. In small studies, sociodemographic factors have been associated with disparities in septal reduction therapy, but little is known about the association of sociodemographic factors with HCM treatments and outcomes more broadly.

Methods and Results

Using the National Inpatient Survey from 2012 to 2018, HCM diagnoses and procedures were identified by
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐9‐CM
and
ICD‐10‐CM
) codes. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of sociodemographic risk factors with HCM procedures and in‐hospital death, adjusting for clinical comorbidities and hospital characteristics. Of 53 117 patients hospitalized with HCM, 57.7% were women, 20.5% were Black individuals, 27.7% lived in the lowest zip income quartile, and 14.7% lived in rural areas. Among those with obstruction (45.2%), compared with White patients, Black patients were less likely to undergo septal myectomy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.52 [95% CI, 0.40–0.68]), or alcohol septal ablation (aOR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.42–0.86]). Patients with Medicaid were less likely to undergo each procedure (aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61–0.99] for myectomy; aOR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.36–0.83] for ablation). Women (aOR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.58–0.74]), patients with Medicaid (aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.65–0.93]), and patients from low‐income areas (aOR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65–0.93]) were less likely to receive implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators. Women (aOR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.10–1.37]) and patients from towns (aOR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.03–1.31]) or rural areas (aOR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.30–1.89]) had higher odds of in‐hospital death.

Conclusions

Among 53 117 patients hospitalized with HCM, race, sex, social, and geographic risk factors were associated with disparities in HCM outcomes and treatment. Further research is required to identify and address the sources of these inequities.
Upon the Roof of the Temple: Reconstructing Cognitive Aspects of Ancient Levantine Small-Scale Altar Usage
Authors: Hutton Jeremy M.
Published: May 2023

Among the ritual practices denigrated through explicit or implicit criticism levied by the biblical writers is the worship of a deity or deities on the rooftops – sometimes of royal architecture, and at other times on private houses. In the present study I interpret this practice using concepts derived from the cognitive science of religion (CSR) and cognitive linguistics. I summarize previous typologies of objects employed in the sacrificial cult of the ancient Southern Levant, confirming prior arguments for understanding shaft-type limestone altars as stylized models of architectural precursors. From a cognitive perspective, these stylized architectural models prompted offrants to run a conceptual blend that replaced the modest small-scale vegetable or incense offering of the offrant’s small-scale input space with the more sumptuous small-scale offering – or even large-scale animal sacrifice – of the monumental-scale input. This cognitive explanation provides explanation for Deuteronomistic and Priestly attempts to limit the practice, and occasions insight into the temporal aspects of “sacred space.”
A Proposal for Advancing Implementation of the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Barber Rebecca
Published: May 2023

This article takes as its starting point the support for the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) expressed during the General Assembly’s 2022 debate on the R2P, and the express interest of states in shifting discussions about the R2P away from debate about the principle’s normative content and status, towards implementation. It asserts that efforts to advance the implementation of R2P face three key obstacles. First, the R2P is insufficiently defined, leaving room for damaging misperceptions about the R2P to be sustained. Second, states have not been supported to translate their in-principal commitment to the R2P into national strategies or plans. Third, the R2P is not sufficiently institutionalised either within the United Nations (UN) or regional organisations. Drawing on the atrocity prevention literature as well as the policy and practice of states, this article proposes a three-part strategy for advancing implementation of the R2P, responding to these three identified challenges.
Decompositional Forms: Asiatic Disfigurement, Sensorial Excess, and Queer Inhumanisms in Candice Lin’s Natural History
Authors: Lee Michelle
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes Candice Lin’s 2020 solo exhibition, Natural History: A Half-Eaten Portrait, an Unrecognizable Landscape, a Still Still Life, a show that reflects the artist’s ongoing enquiry into non-Western botanical knowledge and attempts to develop nontoxic death rituals by building more-than-human intimacies. Merging the biological processes associated with decomposition and the discursive formations of race and gender, the work also interrogates the knowledge systems constructed by museums. I examine Lin’s works through the lens of queer inhumanisms to illustrate how this exhibition challenges modern curatorial practices and historical representations of the Asiatic in natural histories. I refer to this aesthetics of disfigurement as “decompositional forms.” Ultimately, I forward that this method of representation renders Asian American racial form into multisensorial registers (which literally penetrate art consumers) to recognize racial histories beyond identity and alongside the omni-presence of the more-than-human.