bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exposure to and Biomarker Responses From Legacy and Emerging Contaminants Along Three Drainages in the Milwaukee Estuary, Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Custer Christine M. , Custer Thomas W. , Dummer Paul M. , Schultz Sandra , Karouna-Renier Natalie , Tseng Chi Yen , Matson Cole W.
Published: February 2024

Legacy contaminants and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were assessed in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) tissue and diet samples from three drainages in the Milwaukee estuary, Wisconsin, USA, to understand exposures and possible biomarker responses. Two remote Wisconsin lakes were assessed for comparative purposes. Bioaccumulative classes of contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, while at higher concentrations than the reference lakes, did not vary significantly among sites or among the three drainages. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were assessed in diet and sediment and were from primarily pyrogenic sources. Ten biomarkers were assessed relative to contaminant exposure. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were elevated above reference conditions at all Milwaukee sites but did not correlate with any measured biomarker responses. Only one site, Cedarburg, just downstream from a Superfund site, had elevated PCBs compared to other sites in the Milwaukee estuary. Few non-organochlorine insecticides or herbicides were detected in tree swallow liver tissue, except for the atrazine metabolite desethylatrazine. Few pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected in liver tissue except for N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, iopamidol, and two antibiotics. The present study is one of the most comprehensive assessments to date, along with the previously published Maumee River data, on the exposure and effects of a wide variety of CECs in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:856–877. © 2024 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Concentrations of many little-studied contaminants were assessed in tree swallows in three drainages within the Milwaukee estuary, Wisconsin, USA.
Connectedness and risk spillover in China's commodity futures sectors
Authors: Long Jun , Yuan Xianghui , Jin Liwei , Zhao Chencheng
Published: February 2024

This study employs minimum spanning tree and generalized forecast error variance decomposition methods to investigate the connectedness and risk spillovers across China's commodity sectors from January 2016 to December 2021. The results show that total connectedness within the commodity system is time varying. Chemical is the main risk driver, while other sectors occasionally dominate the system. These two methods achieve consistent results in identifying the systemically important sector and dynamic connectedness. In addition, we find that Chinese economic policy uncertainty and the investor sentiment index have significant impacts on total connectedness. Our findings have implications for preventing systemic risk for policymakers and managing commodity portfolio risk for investors.
Large thermal heat storages in rock caverns – numerical simulation of heat losses
Authors: Messerklinger Sophie , Smaadahl Mikkel , Rabaiotti Carlo
Published: February 2024

In the future large energy storage facilities will play a key role in district heating systems that transport heat energy through tube systems with water as transport media. Energy storages enable storage of renewable energy and industrial waste heat through flexible buffer heat storage and allow a reduction in installed capacities of heat supply stations. In this article, the application of water‐filled rock caverns for the use of large thermal energy storages is analysed. A key issue is the energy loss over the month/year. Therefore, this study focuses on the quantification of energy losses from water‐filled rock caverns by means of numerical analysis. Three different rock cavern geometries are analysed, varying rock conductivity parameter and varying temperature profiles of the water storage. By simulations with the software COMSOL it could be shown that (i) the energy losses of underground caverns are only 25 % compared to the energy losses from the currently used insulated steel tanks located above ground, (ii) the energy losses can be further decreased by the application of a thermal insulation layer and (iii) the energy losses decrease over the lifetime due to the reducing temperature gradients in the surrounding rock. Since cavern reservoirs can be operated for more than 100 years, these findings are of great relevance and shall be further investigated with respect to economical assessment.
Compressed cerebellar functional connectome hierarchy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Guo Jing , Jiang Zhouyu , Liu Xingli , Chen Hui , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Jian , Liu Chen , Gao Qing , Chen Huafu
Published: February 2024

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited movement disorder characterized by a progressive decline in motor coordination. Despite the extensive functional connectivity (FC) alterations reported in previous SCA3 studies in the cerebellum and cerebellar‐cerebral pathways, the influence of these FC disturbances on the hierarchical organization of cerebellar functional regions remains unclear. Here, we compared 35 SCA3 patients with 48 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls using a combination of voxel‐based morphometry and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether cerebellar hierarchical organization is altered in SCA3. Utilizing connectome gradients, we identified the gradient axis of cerebellar hierarchical organization, spanning sensorimotor to transmodal (task‐unfocused) regions. Compared to healthy controls, SCA3 patients showed a compressed hierarchical organization in the cerebellum at both voxel‐level (p < .05, TFCE corrected) and network‐level (p < .05, FDR corrected). This pattern was observed in both intra‐cerebellar and cerebellar‐cerebral gradients. We observed that decreased intra‐cerebellar gradient scores in bilateral Crus I/II both negatively correlated with SARA scores (left/right Crus I/II: r = −.48/−.50, p = .04/.04, FDR corrected), while increased cerebellar‐cerebral gradients scores in the vermis showed a positive correlation with disease duration (r = .48, p = .04, FDR corrected). Control analyses of cerebellar gray matter atrophy revealed that gradient alterations were associated with cerebellar volume loss. Further FC analysis showed increased functional connectivity in both unimodal and transmodal areas, potentially supporting the disrupted cerebellar functional hierarchy uncovered by the gradients. Our findings provide novel evidence regarding alterations in the cerebellar functional hierarchy in SCA3.
Control of muscle satellite cell function by specific exercise‐induced cytokines and their applications in muscle maintenance
Authors: Guo Qian , Luo Qing , Song Guanbin
Published: February 2024

Exercise is recognized to play an observable role in improving human health, especially in promoting muscle hypertrophy and intervening in muscle mass loss‐related diseases, including sarcopenia. Recent rapid advances have demonstrated that exercise induces the release of abundant cytokines from several tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), and multiple cytokines improve the functions or expand the numbers of adult stem cells, providing candidate cytokines for alleviating a wide range of diseases. Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are a population of muscle stem cells that are mitotically quiescent but exit from the dormancy state to become activated in response to physical stimuli, after which SCs undergo asymmetric divisions to generate new SCs (stem cell pool maintenance) and commit to later differentiation into myocytes (skeletal muscle replenishment). SCs are essential for the postnatal growth, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Emerging evidence reveals that exercise regulates muscle function largely via the exercise‐induced cytokines that govern SC potential, but this phenomenon is complicated and confusing. This review provides a comprehensive integrative overview of the identified exercise‐induced cytokines and the roles of these cytokines in SC function, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanism of SC homeostasis and rejuvenation therapies for skeletal muscle.
Processing the process: Reflections on genetic counselor‐led student supervision groups and practical tips for future facilitators
Authors: Florido Michelle E. , Giordano Jessica L.
Published: February 2024

Genetic counseling graduate students face growth and challenges across a variety of axes both personally and professionally throughout their training. The formation of leader‐led supervision groups for second‐year genetic counseling students has created a safe space for students to give and receive feedback, process their positionality in complex clinical scenarios and the medical system at large, dissect psychosocial counseling theory, and share personal and professional experiences with the overall aim of supporting their growth. This work requires faculty facilitators who are invested in student growth and operate from a framework of empathy, humanism, curiosity, and vulnerability. The authors share their reflections on stepping into the facilitator role with no prior experience other than their work in clinical genetic counseling in varied practice settings. Common themes across four cohorts of students are presented along with reflections on facilitator growth, consideration of student developmental stages, and the parallel process between providing clinical services to clients and educating students. The authors hope to highlight the value of processing cases, inspire other genetic counselors to engage in this work, and normalize the experiences of those already running genetic counseling student process groups.
Suboptimal reliability of FIB‐4 and NAFLD‐fibrosis scores for staging of liver fibrosis in general population
Authors: Hazzan Rawi , Abu Ahmad Nur , Habib Abu Shqara , Saleh Igbaria , Ziv Neeman
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim

The burden and incidence of liver cirrhosis are increasing worldwide. Early detection of liver fibrosis would help in early interventions and preventing the progression of fibrosis and cirrhosis. The accepted noninvasive markers for liver fibrosis staging, namely fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), have shown inconsistent performance for detecting the fibrosis stage. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FIB‐4 score and NFS for the detection of liver fibrosis in the general population.

Methods

From a general population referred from a single, community‐based family‐physician clinic, we included study participants between the ages of 45 and 65 years, with no knowledge of liver disease and no record of alcohol consumption. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by the FIB‐4 score and NFS using shear wave elastography (SWE) or transient elastography (TE) measurements as a reference.

Results

A total of 76 participants (aged 61.5 ± 0.37 years, 33% females) were included in the study cohort. We observed a nonsignificant correlation between liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and FIB‐4 and NFS (r = 0.1, P = 0.37; r = 0.16, P = 0.15, respectively). Our results showed that only 5.2% with FIB‐4 >3.25 and 9.7% with NFS >0.675 had LSM >12 kPa. The compatibility of fibrosis staging was 55% between FIB‐4 score and LSM and only 18% between NFS and LSM.

Conclusion

We found that FIB‐4 and NFS are unreliable tools for liver fibrosis estimation in the general population. There is a need for more reliable noninvasive methods for the early detection of liver fibrosis.
Impact of citrulline substitution on clinical outcome after liver transplantation in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Authors: Aldrian Denise , Waldner Birgit , Vogel Georg F. , El‐Gharbawy Areeg H. , McKiernan Patrick , Vockley Jerard , Landau Yuval E. , Al Mutairi Fuad , Stepien Karolina M. , Kwok Anne Mei‐Kwun , Yıldız Yılmaz , Honzik Tomas , Kelifova Silvie , Ellaway Carolyn , Lund Allan M. , Mori Mari , Grünert Sarah C. , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine , Zöggeler Thomas , Oberhuber Rupert , Schneeberger Stefan , Müller Thomas , Karall Daniela
Published: February 2024

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiencies are rare urea cycle disorders, which can lead to life‐threatening hyperammonemia. Liver transplantation (LT) provides a cure and offers an alternative to medical treatment and life‐long dietary restrictions with permanent impending risk of hyperammonemia. Nevertheless, in most patients, metabolic aberrations persist after LT, especially low plasma citrulline levels, with questionable clinical impact. So far, little is known about these alterations and there is no consensus, whether l‐citrulline substitution after LT improves patients' symptoms and outcomes. In this multicentre, retrospective, observational study of 24 patients who underwent LT for CPS1 (n = 11) or OTC (n = 13) deficiency, 25% did not receive l‐citrulline or arginine substitution. Correlation analysis revealed no correlation between substitution dosage and citrulline levels (CPS1, p = 0.8 and OTC, p = 1). Arginine levels after liver transplantation were normal after LT independent of citrulline substitution. Native liver survival had no impact on mental impairment (p = 0.67). Regression analysis showed no correlation between l‐citrulline substitution and failure to thrive (p = 0.611) or neurological outcome (p = 0.701). Peak ammonia had a significant effect on mental impairment (p = 0.017). Peak plasma ammonia levels correlate with mental impairment after LT in CPS1 and OTC deficiency. Growth and intellectual impairment after LT are not significantly associated with l‐citrulline substitution.
Clinical‐Radiologic Morphology‐Radiomics Model on Gadobenate Dimeglumine‐Enhanced MRI for Identification of Highly Aggressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Temporal Validation and Multiscanner Validation
Authors: Zheng Wanjing , Chen Xiaodan , Xiong Meilian , Zhang Yu , Song Yang , Cao Dairong
Published: February 2024

Background

Highly aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high tumor recurrence and poor outcomes, but its definition and imaging characteristics have not been clearly described.

Purpose

To develop and validate a fusion model on gadobenate dimeglumine‐enhanced MRI for identifying highly aggressive HCC.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

341 patients (M/F = 294/47) with surgically resected HCC, divided into a training cohort (n = 177), temporal validation cohort (n = 77), and multiscanner validation cohort (n = 87).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with T1‐weighted volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination gradient‐echo sequences, especially arterial phase (AP) and hepatobiliary phase (HBP, 80–100 min).

Assessment

Clinical factors and diagnosis assessment based on radiologic morphology characteristics associated with highly aggressive HCCs were evaluated. The radiomics signatures were extracted from AP and HBP. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to construct clinical‐radiologic morphology (CR) model and clinical‐radiologic morphology‐radiomics (CRR) model. A nomogram based on the optimal model was established. Early recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was evaluated in actual groups and risk groups calculated by the nomogram.

Statistical Tests

The performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, calibration curves analysis, and decision curves. Early RFS was evaluated by using Kaplan–Meier analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The CRR model incorporating corona enhancement, cloud‐like hyperintensity on HBP, and radiomics signatures showed the highest diagnostic performance. The area under the curves (AUCs) of CRR were significantly higher than those of the CR model (AUC = 0.883 vs. 0.815, respectively, for the training cohort), 0.874 vs. 0.769 for temporal validation, and 0.892 vs. 0.792 for multiscanner validation. In both actual and risk groups, highly and low aggressive HCCs showed statistically significant differences in early recurrence.

Data Conclusion

The clinical‐radiologic morphology‐radiomics model on gadobenate dimeglumine‐enhanced MRI has potential to identify highly aggressive HCCs and non‐invasively obtain prognostic information.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Diffusion‐Weighted MRI‐Based Virtual Elastography and Shear‐Wave Elastography for the Assessment of Breast Lesions
Authors: Sun Kun , Zhu Ying , Chai Weimin , Zhu Hong , Fu Caixia , Zhan Weiwei , Yan Fuhua
Published: February 2024

Background

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)‐based virtual MR elastography (DWI‐vMRE) in the assessment of breast lesions is still in the research stage.

Purpose

To investigate the usefulness of elasticity values on DWI‐vMRE in the evaluation of breast lesions, and the correlation with the values calculated from shear‐wave elastography (SWE).

Study Type

Prospective.

Population/Subjects

153 patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 55 ± 12 years) with 153 pathological confirmed breast lesions (24 benign and 129 malignant lesions).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5‐T MRI, multi‐b readout segmented echo planar imaging (b‐values of 0, 200, 800, and 1000 sec/mm2).

Assessment

For DWI‐vMRE assessment, lesions were manually segmented using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC0–1000) map, then the region of interests were copied to the map of shifted‐ADC (sADC200–800, sADC 200–1500). For SWE assessment, the shear modulus of the lesions was measured by US elastic modulus (μUSE). Intraclass/interclass kappa coefficients were calculated to measure the consistency.

Statistical Tests

Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between sADC and μUSE. A receiver operating characteristic analysis with the area under the curve (AUC) was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy between benign and malignant breast lesions of sADC and μUSE. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

There were significant differences between benign and malignant breast lesions of μUSE (24.17 ± 10.64 vs. 37.20 ± 12.61), sADC200–800 (1.38 ± 0.31 vs. 0.97 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/sec), and sADC200–1500 (1.14 ± 0.30 vs. 0.78 ± 0.13 × 10−3 mm2/sec). In all breast lesions, a moderate but significant correlation was observed between μUSE and sADC200–800/sADC200–1500 (r = −0.49/−0.44). AUC values to differentiate benign from malignant lesions were as follows: μUSE, 0.78; sADC200–800, 0.89; sADC200–1500, 0.89.

Data Conclusions

Both SWE and DWI‐vMRE could be used for the differentiation of benign versus malignant breast lesions. Furthermore, DWI‐vMRE with the use of sADC show relatively higher AUC values than SWE.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
The evolutionary phylodynamics of human parechovirus A type 3 reveal multiple recombination events in South Korea
Authors: Truong Thoi C. , Park Heekuk , Kim Jong‐Hwa , Tran Van Trung , Kim Wonyong
Published: February 2024

Human parechovirus A (HPeV‐A) is a causative agent of respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, acute flaccid paralysis encephalitis, meningitis, and neonatal sepsis. To clarify the characteristics of HPeV‐A infection in children, 391 fecal specimens were collected from January 2014 to October 2015 from patients with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, South Korea. Of these, 221/391 (56.5%) HPeV‐A positive samples were found in children less than 2 years old. Three HPeV‐A genotypes HPeV‐A1 (117/221; 52.94%), HPeV‐A3 (100/221; 45.25%), and HPeV‐A6 (4/221; 1.81%) were detected, among which HPeV‐A3 was predominant with the highest recorded value of 58.6% in 2015. Moreover, recombination events in the Korean HPeV‐A3 strains were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the capsid‐encoding regions and noncapsid gene 2A of the four Korean HPeV‐A3 strains are closely related to the HPeV‐A3 strains isolated in Canada in 2007 (Can82853‐01), Japan in 2008 (A308/99), and Taiwan in 2011 (TW‐03067‐2011) while noncapsid genes P2 (2B–2C) and P3 (3A–3D) are closely related to those of HPeV‐A1 strains BNI‐788St (Germany in 2008) and TW‐71594‐2010 (Taiwan in 2010). This first report on the whole‐genome analysis of HPeV‐A3 in Korea provides insight into the evolving status and pathogenesis of HPeVs in children.
The bay barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) in the Pleistocene of Europe? A review of Pleistocene Balanidae of northern Central Europe
Authors: Meng Stefan , Strahl Jaqueline , Börner Andreas , Krienke Kay , Zettler MICHAEL L. , Wrozyna Claudia
Published: February 2024

The bay barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) has been found in Northern Germany in brackish marine sediments of the Holsteinian interglacial. Whereas the cause of the contemporary distribution of this species is anthropogenic and there is evidence that it has resulted mainly from shipping, the fossil findings demonstrate that A. improvisus had also already reached Europe naturally during the Pleistocene in Europe, probably via the Gulf Stream system of the Atlantic. Today, A. improvisus is considered one of the most successful aquatic invasive species worldwide and it is characterized by a high environmental tolerance. The ingression of the Holsteinian Sea, during the Pleistocene, took place during the climate optimum from the North Sea into the ‘Elbe Estuary’ through the Hamburg region and far to the south‐east into Brandenburg. It has been possible to reconstruct the palaeo‐ecological conditions based in particular on molluscs. Accordingly, environmental conditions ranged from normal marine in the north, via brackish in the transitional area to limnic–fluviatile in the Berlin region. The morphological features of the bay barnacles and their ecological parameters are described here in detail. In addition, we provide a general review of the known Pleistocene Balanidae in northern central Europe.
RhoGDIβ inhibition via miR‐200c/AUF1/SOX2/miR‐137 axis contributed to lncRNA MEG3 downregulation‐mediated malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Yang Yichao , Tian Zhongxian , He Lijiong , Meng Hao , Xie Xiaomin , Yang Ziyi , Wang Xinxing , Zhao Yunping , Huang Chuanshu
Published: February 2024

Nickel pollution is a recognized factor contributing to lung cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of its carcinogenic effects is crucial for lung cancer prevention and treatment. Our previous research identified the downregulation of a long noncoding RNA, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), as a key factor in transforming human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) into malignant cells following nickel exposure. In our study, we found that deletion of MEG3 also reduced the expression of RhoGDIβ. Notably, artificially increasing RhoGDIβ levels counteracted the malignant transformation caused by MEG3 deletion in HBECs. This indicates that the reduction in RhoGDIβ contributes to the transformation of HBECs due to MEG3 deletion. Further exploration revealed that MEG3 downregulation led to enhanced c‐Jun activity, which in turn promoted miR‐200c transcription. High levels of miR‐200c subsequently increased the translation of AUF1 protein, stabilizing SOX2 messenger RNA (mRNA). This stabilization affected the regulation of miR‐137, SP‐1 protein translation, and the suppression of RhoGDIβ mRNA transcription and protein expression, leading to cell transformation. Our study underscores the co‐regulation of RhoGDIβ expression by long noncoding RNA MEG3, multiple microRNAs (miR‐200c and miR‐137), and RNA‐regulated transcription factors (c‐Jun, SOX2, and SP1). This intricate network of molecular events sheds light on the nature of lung tumorigenesis. These novel findings pave the way for developing targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of human lung cancer based on the MEG3/RhoGDIβ pathway.
Predicting the credit risk of small and medium‐sized enterprises in supply chain finance using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Hou Liangliang , Lu Ke , Bi Gongbing
Published: February 2024

The credit risk of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in supply chain finance (SCF) hinders the sustainability of the supply chain and threatens the monetary loss of SCF partners, that is, focal enterprises (FEs) and financial institutions (FIs). Thus, it is crucial to predict SMEs' credit risk accurately. However, redundant features and imbalanced sample data may decrease the accuracy of the prediction model. Therefore, a novel credit risk prediction framework is proposed called FS‐RS‐ML, which is short for Feature Selection–Resample Strategy–Machine Learning. In this approach, Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross‐Validation (RFECV) is applied to select key features influencing SMEs' credit risk prediction, and three resampling techniques are used to balance the sample data. Finally, five machine learning algorithms are adopted to classify high‐risk and low‐risk SMEs. The experiments based on Chinese SCF data demonstrate that the FS‐RS‐ML framework outperforms any single algorithm. Moreover, according to the analysis of empirical results, features derived from SMEs have the most important impact on credit risk prediction. And the effect of key features on predicting SMEs' credit risk is revealed.
Intercostal nerve transfer in management of biceps and triceps co‐contraction in brachial plexus birth palsy
Authors: Misra Sayantani , Takagi Takehiko , Yamaguchi Sakura , Anami Yoko , Takayama Shinichiro
Published: February 2024

Objective

Brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) is often caused by traction during birth. In some cases, reinnervation occurs during spontaneous recovery and it causes involuntary co‐contraction between antagonistic muscles. When it comes up between the biceps and triceps muscles, smooth active motion of the elbow joint is impaired. We are presenting outcomes of intercostal nerve (ICN) to radial nerve transfer to minimize elbow motion abnormality due to co‐contraction.

Methods

We present five cases (two males and three females) of biceps and triceps co‐contraction in BPBP patients treated from 2005 to 2018. The mean age at surgery was 9.36 years (range, 4.8–16.4 years). They were treated by ICNs transfer to motor branch of the radial nerve to the triceps muscle. Preoperative electromyography was done in all cases to confirm biceps and triceps co‐contraction and to assess the contractile status of both muscles. A 10‐s flexion extension test was done pre and postoperatively to assess the efficacy of our procedure.

Results

The postop course was uneventful. No donor site morbidity or respiratory complications were recorded in any patient. The mean postoperative follow‐up period was 83.9 months (range, 53.6–135.5 months). At the final follow‐up, elbow flexion was M4 in the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading scale in all five patients and elbow extension was graded M4 or M4− in all five patients. There was significant increase in the 10 s flexion extension test results delineating the effectiveness of the procedure.

Conclusions

ICNs transfer to motor branch of the radial nerve to the triceps muscle for management of biceps and triceps co‐contraction in BPBP is a good option with minimal morbidity and good success rate.
On a fractional‐order mathematical model to assess the impact of diabetes and its associated complications in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ahmad Sofwah , Kirane Mokhtar
Published: February 2024

One out of eight people in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are estimated to have diabetes. Modeling the relationship between developing this health condition and complications is an important step towards understanding this disease. In this paper, we investigate a system of fractional differential equations to estimate the size of diabetic population with and without complication in the UAE. We provide the well‐posedness analysis of the model in the sense of Hadamard. We also provide the numerical approximations of the solution as a means of prediction of the future size of UAE diabetic population and the economic burden of the country that may be used by the government to take necessary preventative measure.
Elucidating the causal landscape: Mendelian randomization analysis of lifestyle and physiological factors in stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Liu Qinggang , Wang Linna , Liao Limin , Cong Huiling , Gao Yi
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To explore the potential causal links between obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and lifestyle choices (such as smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, and vigorous physical activity) on stress urinary incontinence (SUI), this study employs a Mendelian Randomization approach. This research aims to clarify these associations, which have been suggested but not conclusively established in prior observational studies.

Methods

Genetic instruments associated with the exposures at the genome‐wide significance (p < 5 × 10−8) were selected from corresponding genome‐wide association studies. Summary‐level data for SUI, was obtained from the UK Biobank. A two‐sample MR analysis was employed to estimate causal effects, utilizing the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytical approach. Complementary sensitivity analyses including MR‐PRESSO, MR‐Egger, and weighted median methods were performed. The horizontal pleiotropy was detected by using MR‐Egger intercept and MR‐PRESSO methods, and the heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistics.

Results

Our findings demonstrate a significant causal relationship between higher body mass index (BMI) and the risk of SUI, with increased abdominal adiposity (WHRadjBMI) similarly linked to SUI. Smoking initiation is also causally associated with an elevated risk. However, our analysis did not find definitive causal connections for other factors, including T2D, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, and vigorous physical activity.

Conclusions

These findings provide valuable insights for clinical strategies targeting SUI, suggesting a need for heightened awareness and potential intervention in individuals with higher BMI, WHR, and smoking habits. Further research is warranted to explore the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices in the pathogenesis of SUI.
Core competencies for Registered Nurse preceptors: A mapping review of quantitative studies
Authors: Ryan Colleen L. , Cant Robyn , Hughes Lynda , Ahchay Darrelle , Strickland Karen
Published: February 2024

Aims

To review the contemporary international literature on nurse preceptor competencies and map the components and their descriptors.

Review Methods

A mapping review.

Data Sources

Articles reporting evidence‐based and validated Registered Nurse (RN) preceptor competencies published between 2013 and 2022 were identified. Open access databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and the library healthcare databases Scopus and CINAHL were searched. The authors collaborated at each review stage that included screening, article selection, tabulation, mapping and preparation of findings.

Results

Seven quantitative studies were included. Three were based on existing nurse preceptor competency data sets and four were purposely developed using collaborative research methods. Each study validated findings through a survey of nurse stakeholders. Three key competencies shared across all studies were ‘facilitating teaching’, ‘being a role model’ and ‘evaluating student's performance’. The number of competency categories ranged from three to 10 and the accompanying item descriptors from 9 to 83. Although terminology describing data sets was inconsistent, similarity was seen across competency domains.

Conclusion

The contemporary nursing preceptor role is considered an emerging specialist education role. The results offer a set of validated preceptor competency descriptors, applicable to practice, that provide insight into ways employers may recruit, support and retain nurse preceptors.

Implications for the Profession

The mapped results provide a concise summary of nurse preceptor competency research internationally that can inform further development of RN preceptors.

Impact

This review addresses the lack of consensus around nursing preceptor competencies for clinical supervision of undergraduate nursing students.

Seven competency domains were identified describing key preceptor role capabilities. The domains Facilitator’, ‘Role model’ and ‘Evaluator’ featured across the included studies: ‘More than 300 competency descriptors were reported’.

Our review results could better prepare RN preceptors for their important role. Employers of RN preceptors could use the results to design performance competencies that may enhance nursing preceptorship.

Reporting Method

This review adheres to the PRISMA‐ScR EQUATOR guidelines as the recommended reporting method for mapping reviews.
Investigation on interlayer debonding behavior of unidirectional composite laminates under cyclical hygrothermal aging duration effects
Authors: Zhang Shengping , Hu Junshan , Fang Jinrong , Xuan Shanyong , Zhou Jian , Tian Wei
Published: February 2024

The composite interlamination is the key part of load transfer and plays a decisive role in the overall mechanical performance of composite structures. The interlaminar property is predominantly influenced by the matrix resin which is easily affected by the hygrothermal environment. This paper delved into the effect of hygrothermal aging duration on the interlayer debonding behavior of unidirectional (UD) laminates. The pre‐cracked specimens were treated by hygrothermal aging with a period of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were employed to evaluate the interlaminar property. The effect of hygrothermal aging on load–displacement responses, R‐curves, crack growth speed, and fracture surface topography was analyzed. The results revealed that the load‐bearing capacity of aged specimens presented a reduction of 18.6%–29.0% compared with unaged ones. The interlaminar fracture toughness of specimens subjected to 15 days of treatment decreased significantly compared with that of unaged specimens due to the increase of water absorption caused by hygrothermal aging. With the increase in hygrothermal aging time, the interlaminar fracture toughness peaked at 60 days because of the post‐curing effect, followed by a declining trend influenced by the dominant hygrothermal aging effect. The fiber bridging of aged samples was increasingly obvious, became the most prominent at 60 days, and then gradually reduced. The fiber bridging diminished the crack propagation speed, hindered interlaminar debonding, and contributed to the interlaminar toughening.

Highlights

The samples underwent hygrothermal aging for 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days.

Load ability of aged samples was at least 18.6% lower than that of unaged ones.

R‐curves rose before the crack length of 79 mm and then tended to stabilize.

Fracture toughness first decreased, then increased and reduced with aging time.

Fiber bridging could hinder crack growth and improve the interlayer property.
A parametric study on patch repaired quasi‐isotropic laminate in high‐velocity impact environment: Experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Sahoo Chinmaya Kumar , Chennamsetti Ramadas , Arockiarajan A.
Published: February 2024

In this work, the post‐repair behavior of a quasi‐isotropic laminate was studied in a high‐velocity impact environment. The composite laminates were repaired using an external bonded patch repair procedure. Impact tests were performed to understand the effect of patch size and the result of filling the damaged region with a neat epoxy and hardener mixture. Two different size square patches, such as 30 and 50 mm, were used to analyze the effect of patch size. A continuum damage mechanics‐based model was developed and incorporated into a finite element model interface to estimate the optimum patch size and patch stacking sequence for the impact environment. In the finite element model, the intralaminar failure criteria were implemented using the ABAQUS‐VUMAT user subroutine, and the interlaminar failure criteria were implemented using the inbuilt cohesive contact properties. The 30 mm patch with resin filled in the damaged region performed better than the other combination patches. Also, placing 45° plies toward the outer layer of the patches showed lower damage compared to the patches in which 45° plies were placed at the inner surfaces.

Highlights

Post‐repair impact behavior of repaired laminates was examined.

Impact of patch dimension and resin filling in the damaged area was analyzed.

A 3‐D finite element model was developed to optimize patch parameters.

Continuum damage mechanics model has been incorporated with VUMAT subroutine.

Interface between lamina has been modeled using cohesive contact.
Die Suche nach kalten, fremden Welten
Authors: Hundertmark Markus , Tsapras Yiannis
Published: February 2024

Mehr als 100 Jahre nach Einsteins allgemeiner Relativitätstheorie belegt die gravitative Lichtablenkung beim Mikrolinseneffekt in unserer Milchstraße, dass jeder Stern im Schnitt mindestens einen Planeten aufweist. Damit lassen sich massearme Planeten jenseits der Schneelinie entdecken sowie isolierte Schwarze Löcher und ungebundene, freie Planeten. Mit großer Vorfreude werden zwei spannende neue Instrumente erwartet, die die Mikrolinsenastronomie auf eine breitere statistische Basis stellen werden. Das Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope und das Simonyi Survey Teleskop am Vera C. Rubin Observatory werden komplementär hochgenau kurze, stellare Mikrolinsenereignisse sowie lange Ereignisse von Linsen am Endzustand ihrer Sternentwicklung beobachten. Das goldene Zeitalter der Mikrolinsenmethode liegt damit in der unmittelbaren Zukunft.
Changes in mechanism and transition state structure for solvolysis reactions of ring substituted benzyl chlorides in aqueous solution
Authors: Yeary Paul E. , Richard John P.
Published: February 2024

Rate and product data are reported for the solvolysis reactions of 27 mono, di [3,4] and tri [3,4,5] ring‐substituted benzyl chlorides. The first order rate constant for solvolysis in 20% acetonitrile in water decrease from ksolv = 2.2 s−1 for 4‐methoxybenzyl chloride to 1.1 × 10−8 s−1 for 3,4‐dinitrobenzyl chloride. The product rate constant ratios kMeOH/kTFE for solvolysis in 70/27/3 (v/v/v) HOH/TFE/MeOH range from a minimum of kMeOH/kTFE = 8 to a maximum of 110. The rate data were fit to a four‐parameter Hammett equation that separates the resonance (
) and polar (
) effects of the aromatic ring substituents on the reaction rate. Increases in the values of the Hammett reaction constants
and
are observed as the substituent constants
or
are increased. A sharp decrease in the product selectivity kMeOH/kTFE = 26 for stepwise solvolysis of 4‐methoxybenzyl chloride is observed as electron‐withdrawing meta‐substituents are added to 4‐methoxybenzyl ring due to a Hammond‐effect on the position of the transition state for solvent addition to the substituted 4‐methoxybenzyl carbocation reaction intermediates. Sharp increases in the selectivity kMeOH/kTFE are observed with decreasing reactivity of other 3,4,5‐subsituted benzyl chlorides due to anti‐Hammond shifts, on a two‐dimensional More–O'Ferrall reaction coordinate diagram, in the position of the transition state for a concerted solvolysis reaction.
Me, myself, and I: A systematic review of cystic fibrosis and self‐concept
Authors: Harrigan Maggie , Jessup Melanie , Bennett Kellie , Mulrennan Siobhain
Published: February 2024

Given extensive pertinent disease factors and evolving medical treatments, this systematic review explores qualitative and quantitative cystic fibrosis (CF) research surrounding self‐concept, an overarching perception of self. Research methodologies, self‐concept dimensions, prominent self‐concept findings and clinical recommendations are identified. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses guidelines were applied. PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Psycinfo, CINAHL (ebsco), and CENTRAL Cochrane electronic databases were searched from 2012 to 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal skills program. Data‐based convergent synthesis was applied to analyze and report on qualitative and quantitative studies in parallel. Thirty‐seven publications met the inclusion criteria, most of which employed a cross‐sectional, single‐center design within an adolescent and adult population. Self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and self‐identity studies were dimensions of self‐concept identified, with studies relating to self‐efficacy surrounding physical health management most prevalent. All three dimensions were positively associated with improved treatment adherence and psychosocial health. Efficacy tested intervention programs to enhance self‐concept are limited; however, an extensive range of clinical recommendations are offered, highlighting the importance of clinician self‐concept awareness, quality clinician–patient conversations and online CF peer‐support. Self‐concept is an important mechanism to optimize patient outcomes. Further CF self‐concept research is required, particularly multicenter, longitudinal, and interventional studies. Early childhood, post lung transplant and the older adult CF population in particular, lack research attention. Given the potential impact of rapidly evolving CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulator drugs on many aspects of self, future self‐concept research beyond the dimension of self‐efficacy may be beneficial.
Photonic Crystal Beam Splitter Electrode in Kesterite Tandem Solar Cells: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Sánchez‐Lanuza Miguel Barragán , Lillo‐Bravo Isidoro , Lopez‐Alvarez Jose A. , Delgado‐Sanchez Jose‐Maria
Published: February 2024

The majority of numerical research on kesterite tandem solar cells has predominantly focused on a two‐terminal (2T) configuration that utilizes an ideal tunnel junction. Herein, the performance of kesterite tandem solar cells by introducing a photonic crystal structure (1DPC) as intermediate layer in both three‐terminal (3T) and four‐terminal (4T) configurations is investigated. The photonic crystal (1DPC) is designed by stacking ITO and SiO2 layers with the terminal layer consisting of NiO. Optical properties of the 1DPC are modeled. This innovative approach offers several advantages. 1) The 1DPC selectively reflects lower wavelengths, effectively enhancing the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of the top subcell, while the solar irradiance spectrum at higher‐wavelength optimum for the subcell is not affected. 2) The 1DPC serves as an intermediate electrode, needed for the 3T or 4T configuration. 3) Replacing the conventional Mo back contact with a NiO layer significantly boosts the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the top subcell. The findings demonstrate that these configurations exhibit higher performance compared to previously reported results. Furthermore, the utilization of 3T and 4T configurations, incorporating the 1DPC as an electrical beam splitter, provides an effective and accurate design compared to the 2T configuration using ideal tunnel junctions.
Reducing Hole Trap Density in Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells via Molecular Phenylhydrazine
Authors: Yeom Kyu‐Woong , Park Nam‐Gyu
Published: February 2024

Narrow‐bandgap Sn–Pb‐alloyed perovskite is potential for a bottom cell in perovskite tandem solar cells. However, Sn‐contained perovskites tend to be readily oxidized in air atmosphere, which has ill influence on stability and photovoltaic performance. Herein, a method to suppress oxidation of divalent tin via post‐treatment of perovskite film with phenylhydrazine is reported. Phenylhydrazine‐treated FA0.5MA0.5Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite films effectively reduce the hole traps caused by the oxidation of Sn2+ on the perovskite surfaces. In addition, surface energetics are well aligned by post‐treatment, which is beneficial for voltage gain and charge transport. As a result, power conversion efficiency (PCE) is increased from 18.16% to 20.67% after post‐treatment due mainly to the significant improvement of open‐circuit voltage from 0.75 to 0.83 V. Furthermore, the device stability is improved, where 91.67% of initial PCE is maintained after 1000 h.
Isolation and identification of forced degradation products of Febuxostat
Authors: Kanagaddi Rajesh , Chintala Vaishnavi , Nannapaneni Satya Sree , Katari Naresh Kumar , Salakolusu Suresh , Murty JNSRC , Ranga Mahesh , Kaliyaperumal Muralidharan
Published: February 2024

The current study explains the degradation behavior of Febuxostat API, a non‐purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat hyperuricemia. A degradation study was carried out as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines, and the study confirms that the Febuxostat is largely stable in thermal, photolytic, oxidative, and basic hydrolytic conditions and labile in acid hydrolysis conditions. There were four different degradation products (DPs) found during acid hydrolysis; of these, DPs 2, 3, and 4 are new and have never been reported before, while DP 1 is known and has already been published. All these DPs were identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS) analysis, purified by using preparative HPLC, and characterized using high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. The formed DPs are by the hydrolysis of the cyano functional group of Febuxostat and the esterification of DP‐1 under acidic conditions. All DP's structural characterization was carried out using NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. The present study describes concrete confirmation of DP structures and it explains the stability behavior of the Febuxostat. The current method is also used to identify DPs with shorter runtime in the future.
Quality Improvement of Pea Protein Isolate‐Based Film: Effect of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Film
Authors: Jiang Peiyun , Chen Guiyun , Xu Shunying , Yu Jiaojiao , Qu Zihan , Li Shuhong , Chen Ye
Published: February 2024

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is cross‐linked with pea protein isolate (PPI) to prepare pea protein isolate/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PPI/CMC) composite film by the diffusion method. The effects of the mass fraction of CMC on the mechanical properties and water resistance of PPI/CMC composite film are investigated. In the film containing 0.4% CMC, the water vapor permeability (1.43 × 10−7 g m (m2∙h∙Pa)−1) is significantly decreased, while the water contact angle value is elevated (55.76°). The tensile strength of the composite film is enhanced by 54.45%, while the elongation at break is increased by 23.30%. The film has excellent thermal stability and a homogenous structure. The remarkable changes may be attributed to new chemical interactions (hydrogen bonds) between CMC and PPI as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Further, the composite film has great advantages in water resistance after comparison. The film is applied to the fresh bean skin, effectively blocking and reducing the tearing force between the fresh bean skin, and consequently easy separation after soaking in water for 20 min. Overall, the inclusion of CMC effectively solves the functional limitation caused by the hydrophilicity of PPI film, paving the way for its effective application as a novel edible packaging film in conventional foods.