bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Construct of an Expert Evidence-Adaptive Knowledge Base for a Pressure Injury Clinical Decision Support System
Authors: Khong Peck , Lee Leng , Dawang Apolino
Published: July 2017

The selection of appropriate wound products for the treatment of pressure injuries is paramount in promoting wound healing. However, nurses find it difficult to decide on the most optimal wound product(s) due to limited live experiences in managing pressure injuries resulting from successfully implemented pressure injury prevention programs. The challenges of effective decision-making in wound treatments by nurses at the point of care are compounded by the yearly release of wide arrays of newly researched wound products into the consumer market. A clinical decision support system for pressure injury (PI-CDSS) was built to facilitate effective decision-making and selection of optimal wound treatments. This paper describes the development of PI-CDSS with an expert knowledge base using an interactive development environment, Blaze Advisor. A conceptual framework using decision-making and decision theory, knowledge representation, and process modelling guided the construct of the PI-CDSS. This expert system has incorporated the practical and relevant decision knowledge of wound experts in assessment and wound treatments in its algorithm. The construct of the PI-CDSS is adaptive, with scalable capabilities for expansion to include other CDSSs and interoperability to interface with other existing clinical and administrative systems. The algorithm was formatively evaluated and tested for usability. The treatment modalities generated after using patient-specific assessment data were found to be consistent with the treatment plan(s) proposed by the wound experts. The overall agreement exceeded 90% between the wound experts and the generated treatment modalities for the choice of wound products, instructions, and alerts. The PI-CDSS serves as a just-in-time wound treatment protocol with suggested clinical actions for nurses, based on the best evidence available.
Meteorological Aspects of the Eastern North American Pattern with Impacts on Long Island Sound Salinity
Authors: Schulte Justin , Georgas Nickitas , Saba Vincent , Howell Penelope
Published: July 2017

The eastern North American sea level pressure dipole (ENA) pattern is a recently identified teleconnection pattern that has been shown to influence mid-Atlantic United States (U.S) streamflow variability. Because the pattern was only recently identified, its impacts on U.S. precipitation and estuaries on daily to seasonal timescales is unknown. Thus, this paper presents the first seasonal investigation of ENA relationships with global atmospheric fields, U.S. precipitation, and mid-Atlantic estuarine salinity. We show that the ENA pattern explains up to 25–36% of precipitation variability across Texas and the western U.S. We also show that, for the Northeast U.S, the ENA pattern explains up to 65% of precipitation variability, contrasting with previous work showing how well-known climate indices can only explain a modest amount of precipitation variability. The strongest ENA-precipitation relationships are in the spring and fall. The relationships between the ENA pattern and precipitation across remote regions reflect the upper-atmospheric Rossby wave pattern associated with the ENA pattern that varies seasonally. The El-Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is related to the spring ENA pattern, indicating that extended outlooks of the ENA pattern may be possible. We also show that the ENA index is strongly correlated with salinity and vertical haline stratification across coastal portions of the mid-Atlantic Bight so that hypoxia forecasts based on the ENA index may be possible. Statistical connections between vertical salinity gradient and ENSO were identified at lags of up two years, further highlighting the potential for extended hypoxia outlooks. The strong connection between anomalies for precipitation and mid-Atlantic Bight salinity suggests that the ENA pattern may be useful at an interdisciplinary level for better understanding historical regional climate variability and future impacts of climate change on regional precipitation and the health of estuaries.
The Inhibitory Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Extracts on Adipogenesis and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Lee Mak-Soon , Shin Yoonjin , Jung Sunyoon , Kim Seog-Young , Jo Young-Hee , Kim Chong-Tai , Yun Min-Kyu , Lee Sung-Jin , Sohn Johann , Yu Heui-Jong , Kim Yangha
Published: July 2017

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) has been established globally as a nutritionally important food item, particularly owing to high levels of bioactive compounds such as rutin. This study investigated the effect of tartary buckwheat extracts (TBEs) on adipogenesis and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 cells. TBEs inhibited lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 L1 cells. The mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBP-α), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1), were suppressed by TBEs. They also reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, TBEs were decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. These results suggest that TBEs may inhibit adipogenesis and inflammatory response; therefore, they seem to be beneficial as a food ingredient to prevent obesity-associated inflammation.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Acyclic Selenopurine Nucleosides as Antiviral Agents
Authors: Sahu Pramod , Umme Tamima , Yu Jinha , Kim Gyudong , Qu Shuhao , Naik Siddhi , Jeong Lak
Published: July 2017

A series of acyclic selenopurine nucleosides 3a–f and 4a–g were synthesized based on the bioisosteric rationale between oxygen and selenium, and then evaluated for antiviral activity. Among the compounds tested, seleno-acyclovir (4a) exhibited the most potent anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 (EC50 = 1.47 µM) and HSV-2 (EC50 = 6.34 µM) activities without cytotoxicity up to 100 µM, while 2,6-diaminopurine derivatives 4e–g exhibited significant anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity, which is slightly more potent than the guanine derivative 4d, indicating that they might act as prodrugs of seleno-ganciclovir (4d).
Modeling Diffractive Lenses Recording in Environmentally Friendly Photopolymer
Authors: Fernández Roberto , Navarro-Fuster Víctor , Martínez Francisco , Gallego Sergi , Márquez Andrés , Pascual Inmaculada , Beléndez Augusto
Published: July 2017

The improvements made in diffusion models simulating phase image recording in photopolymers enable the optimization of a wide range of complex diffractive optical elements (DOEs), while the miniaturization of spatial light modulators makes it possible to generate both symmetric and non-symmetric DOEs. In addition, there is increasing interest in the design of new friendly recording materials. In this respect, photopolymers are a promising material due to their optical properties. In this paper, we show a procedure to record diffractive spherical lenses using a nontoxic optimized photopolymer. To achieve this goal, we followed three steps: first, the chemical optimization for DOE recording; second, the recording material characterization to be simulated by a three-dimensional diffusion model; and third, the evaluation of the coverplating for the conservation of the DOE.
Big Data Analytics for Smart Manufacturing: Case Studies in Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Moyne James , Iskandar Jimmy
Published: July 2017

Smart manufacturing (SM) is a term generally applied to the improvement in manufacturing operations through integration of systems, linking of physical and cyber capabilities, and taking advantage of information including leveraging the big data evolution. SM adoption has been occurring unevenly across industries, thus there is an opportunity to look to other industries to determine solution and roadmap paths for industries such as biochemistry or biology. The big data evolution affords an opportunity for managing significantly larger amounts of information and acting on it with analytics for improved diagnostics and prognostics. The analytics approaches can be defined in terms of dimensions to understand their requirements and capabilities, and to determine technology gaps. The semiconductor manufacturing industry has been taking advantage of the big data and analytics evolution by improving existing capabilities such as fault detection, and supporting new capabilities such as predictive maintenance. For most of these capabilities: (1) data quality is the most important big data factor in delivering high quality solutions; and (2) incorporating subject matter expertise in analytics is often required for realizing effective on-line manufacturing solutions. In the future, an improved big data environment incorporating smart manufacturing concepts such as digital twin will further enable analytics; however, it is anticipated that the need for incorporating subject matter expertise in solution design will remain.
The Mode of Action of Cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) in Inhibiting Aflatoxin Production of Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Iimura Kurin , Furukawa Tomohiro , Yamamoto Toshiyoshi , Negishi Lumi , Suzuki Michio , Sakuda Shohei
Published: July 2017

Cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) inhibits aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic fungi without affecting fungal growth. The mode of action of cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) in inhibiting aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus was investigated. A glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the fungus, designated AfGST, was identified as a binding protein of cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) in an experiment performed using cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro)-immobilized Sepharose beads. Cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) specifically bound to recombinant AfGST and inhibited its GST activity. Ethacrynic acid, a known GST inhibitor, inhibited the GST activity of recombinant AfGST and aflatoxin production of the fungus. Ethacrynic acid reduced the expression level of AflR, a key regulatory protein for aflatoxin production, similar to cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro). These results suggest that cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) inhibits aflatoxin production by affecting GST function in A. flavus, and that AfGST inhibitors are possible candidates as selective aflatoxin production inhibitors.
A Probabilistic Short-Term Water Demand Forecasting Model Based on the Markov Chain
Authors: Gagliardi Francesca , Alvisi Stefano , Kapelan Zoran , Franchini Marco
Published: July 2017

This paper proposes a short-term water demand forecasting method based on the use of the Markov chain. This method provides estimates of future demands by calculating probabilities that the future demand value will fall within pre-assigned intervals covering the expected total variability. More specifically, two models based on homogeneous and non-homogeneous Markov chains were developed and presented. These models, together with two benchmark models (based on artificial neural network and naïve methods), were applied to three real-life case studies for the purpose of forecasting the respective water demands from 1 to 24 h ahead. The results obtained show that the model based on a homogeneous Markov chain provides more accurate short-term forecasts than the one based on a non-homogeneous Markov chain, which is in line with the artificial neural network model. Both Markov chain models enable probabilistic information regarding the stochastic demand forecast to be easily obtained.
Water Policy of Korea for Supplying Safe Groundwater in Rural Areas
Authors: Lee Chung-Mo , Hamm Se-Yeong , Jeon Hang-Tak , Kim MoonSu , Kim Hyun-Koo , Kim Kangjoo
Published: July 2017

According to a 2015 study conducted by the Ministry of Environment of Korea, municipal water is supplied to 96.1% of the total Korean population, but 3.9% of the total population (~2.14 million people) in rural myeon or villages, drink groundwater from old and/or unregistered wells that are not a part of the municipal water system. Additionally, accurate statistics are not reported without regular water quality tests, so safety measures alone are insufficient to improve water quality. In this situation, the Korean government is responsible for verifying the quality of groundwater and identifying the cause of groundwater contamination in areas with no municipal water supply. The National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) under the Ministry of Environment of Korea, conducted the ‘Safe Groundwater Supply Project (SGSP)’ between 2012 and 2016 to secure groundwater quality stability in areas without the benefit of municipal water. This survey identified groundwater quality using a detailed water quality survey and gave recommendations for supplying safe groundwater and providing future improvements and countermeasures in cases of groundwater pollution. This paper presents the SGSP and consists of water quality analysis, the exploration and exploitation of drinking water facilities, the selection of a pilot project area among high-pollution areas, and improvement measures for water quality in the pilot project area.
Enabling Event Volunteer Legacies: A Knowledge Management Perspective
Authors: Blackman Deborah , Benson Angela M. , Dickson Tracey J.
Published: July 2017

Human capital development delivered through the volunteers is espoused as one legacy outcome of hosting mega-sporting events such as the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, to date the reality of such a legacy remains largely undemonstrated. In this article, Nonaka and Tacheuchi's
SECI model and Lee and Yang's knowledge value chain (KVC) are integrated to identify insights to support the development of a potential human capital legacy from volunteers in future mega-sport events through focusing on knowledge management. A case study of the Vancouver 2010 Olympic and
Paralympic Winter Games demonstrates gaps in the knowledge management systems in place, both in terms of the identification of knowledge and the processes for capture and reuse. It is argued that, unless those involved in hosting the events reconsider their approach to human capital legacy
development, using the creation and management of knowledge as a core element, it is unlikely that long-term human capital legacy outcomes will be achieved for host communities.
Primary Economic Impact of Small-scale Sports Events
Authors: Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Oklevik Ove
Published: July 2017

The assumption that events can have positive economic impacts has increased interest in their hosting by many destinations worldwide. Although attendees are a constitutive part of events, scarce research has empirically analyzed their behavior from an economic standpoint. In particular,
further exploratory research is required on (1) how much money event attendees spend at events, and (2) the extent to which event attendee expenditures positively affect the host region. A better understanding of these two aspects is crucial for any kind of economic impact assessment. This
study examines three World Cup ski-jumping events in Norway during the winter of 2012–2013. Altogether, 870 spectators were interviewed at the venues in Vikersund, Trondheim, and Oslo. Prior research has estimated that the proportion of spectators contributing to a positive economic
impact is between 10% and 60%. The current study shows that the share of this spectator group at the World Cup ski-jumping events in Norway lies in the lower part of the range. Furthermore, the study shows that though the total number of spectators was significant (137,000), the primary economic
impact on the host region was modest, amounting to less than NOK 9 million.
Synthesis of oligonucleotides on a soluble support
Authors: Lönnberg Harri
Published: July 2017

Oligonucleotides are usually prepared in lab scale on a solid support with the aid of a fully automated synthesizer. Scaling up of the equipment has allowed industrial synthesis up to kilogram scale. In spite of this, solution-phase synthesis has received continuous interest, on one hand as a technique that could enable synthesis of even larger amounts and, on the other hand, as a gram scale laboratory synthesis without any special equipment. The synthesis on a soluble support has been regarded as an approach that could combine the advantageous features of both the solution and solid-phase syntheses. The critical step of this approach is the separation of the support-anchored oligonucleotide chain from the monomeric building block and other small molecular reagents and byproducts after each coupling, oxidation and deprotection step. The techniques applied so far include precipitation, extraction, chromatography and nanofiltration. As regards coupling, all conventional chemistries, viz. phosphoramidite, H-phosphonate and phosphotriester strategies, have been attempted. While P(III)-based phosphoramidite and H-phosphonate chemistries are almost exclusively used on a solid support, the “outdated” P(V)-based phosphotriester chemistry still offers one major advantage for the synthesis on a soluble support; the omission of the oxidation step simplifies the coupling cycle. Several of protocols developed for the soluble-supported synthesis allow the preparation of both DNA and RNA oligomers of limited length in gram scale without any special equipment, being evidently of interest for research groups that need oligonucleotides in large amounts for research purposes. However, none of them has really tested at such a scale that the feasibility of their industrial use could be critically judged.
Hubble COS Spectroscopy of the Dwarf Nova CW Mon: The White Dwarf in Quiescence?*
Authors: Hause Connor , Sion Edward M. , Godon Patrick , Gänsicke Boris T. , Szkody Paula , Martino Domitilla de , Pala Anna
Published: July 2017

We present a synthetic spectral analysis of the HST COS spectrum of the U Geminorum-type dwarf nova CW Mon, taken during quiescence as part of our COS survey of accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in Cataclysmic Variables. We use a synthetic photosphere and optically thick accretion disk spectra to model the COS spectrum as well as archival IUE spectra obtained decades ago, when the system was in an even deeper quiescent state. Assuming a reddening of

= 0.06, an inclination of 60° (CW Mon has eclipses of the accretion disk), and a WD mass of

, our results indicate the presence of a 22–27,000 K WD and a low mass accretion rate

, for a derived distance of ∼200 to ∼300 pc.
Galaxy Merger Candidates in High-redshift Cluster Environments
Authors: Delahaye A. G. , Webb T. M. A. , Nantais J. , DeGroot A. , Wilson G. , Muzzin A. , Yee H. K. C. , Foltz R. , Noble A. G. , Demarco R. , Tudorica A. , Cooper M. C. , Lidman C. , Perlmutter S. , Hayden B. , Boone K. , Surace J.
Published: July 2017

We compile a sample of spectroscopically and photometrically selected cluster galaxies from four high-redshift galaxy clusters (

) from the Spitzer Adaptation of the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (SpARCS), and a comparison field sample selected from the UKIDSS Deep Survey. Using near-infrared imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope, we classify potential mergers involving massive (

) cluster members by eye, based on morphological properties such as tidal distortions, double nuclei, and projected near neighbors within 20 kpc. With a catalog of 23 spectroscopic and 32 photometric massive cluster members across the four clusters and 65 spectroscopic and 26 photometric comparable field galaxies, we find that after taking into account contamination from interlopers,

of the cluster members are involved in potential mergers, compared to

of the field galaxies. We see no evidence of merger enhancement in the central cluster environment with respect to the field, suggesting that galaxy–galaxy merging is not a stronger source of galaxy evolution in cluster environments compared to the field at these redshifts.
A 33 GHz Survey of Local Major Mergers: Estimating the Sizes of the Energetically Dominant Regions from High-resolution Measurements of the Radio Continuum
Authors: Barcos-Muñoz L. , Leroy A. K. , Evans A. S. , Condon J. , Privon G. C. , Thompson T. A. , Armus L. , Díaz-Santos T. , Mazzarella J. M. , Meier D. S. , Momjian E. , Murphy E. J. , Ott J. , Sanders D. B. , Schinnerer E. , Stierwalt S. , Surace J. A. , Walter F.
Published: July 2017

We present Very Large Array observations of the 33 GHz radio continuum emission from 22 local ultraluminous and luminous infrared (IR) galaxies (U/LIRGs). These observations have spatial (angular) resolutions of 30–720 pc (0.″07–0.″67) in a part of the spectrum that is likely to be optically thin. This allows us to estimate the size of the energetically dominant regions. We find half-light radii from 30 pc to 1.7 kpc. The 33 GHz flux density correlates well with the IR emission, and we take these sizes as indicative of the size of the region that produces most of the energy. Combining our 33 GHz sizes with unresolved measurements, we estimate the IR luminosity and star formation rate per area and the molecular gas surface and volume densities. These quantities span a wide range (4 dex) and include some of the highest values measured for any galaxy (e.g.,

). At least 13 sources appear Compton thick (

). Consistent with previous work, contrasting these data with observations of normal disk galaxies suggests a nonlinear and likely multivalued relation between star formation rate and molecular gas surface density, though this result depends on the adopted CO-to-H2 conversion factor and the assumption that our 33 GHz sizes apply to the gas. Eleven sources appear to exceed the luminosity surface density predicted for starbursts supported by radiation pressure and supernova feedback; however, we note the need for more detailed observations of the inner disk structure. U/LIRGs with higher surface brightness exhibit stronger [C ii] 158 μm deficits, consistent with the suggestion that high energy densities drive this phenomenon.
South Korean Family Caregiver Involvement in Delirium Care: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Kang Yun , Moyle Wendy , Cooke Marie , O'Dwyer Siobhan
Published: July 2017

The current study aimed to describe the effect of an educational program on RN-initiated efforts to involve family caregivers in delirium care. A descriptive qualitative study was performed. A purposive sample of 12 RNs who participated in a one group, pre–post evaluation of a delirium educational program, and a nominated sample of six family caregivers of patients who had been cared for by RNs in the program participated in individual, in-depth interviews. The qualitative findings indicated that the inclusion of a delirium brochure in ward orientation on admission, with reinforcement during shift changes, and RN-initiated engagement with family caregivers promoted family caregiver involvement in delirium prevention. Further studies in South Korea are needed to determine which family-centered nursing care interventions are culturally appropriate and most effective for RNs and family caregivers in delirium care. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(12), 44–51.]
L’aménagement du territoire national et les contraintes de la nouvelle gouvernance dans la Tunisie postrévolutionnaire
Authors: Jelloul Mourad Ben
Published: July 2017

Suite aux soulèvements populaires de janvier 2011 en Tunisie, les populations locales et la société civile des régions les moins développées ont exercé des pressions politiques sur les gouvernements successifs et les partis politiques au pouvoir, afin d’améliorer la situation socio-économique de leurs régions et de les désenclaver. Dans le but, donc, d’atténuer l’iniquité territoriale, les autorités publiques se sont engagées dans des projets d’envergure dans le domaine des infrastructures et des grands équipements, ainsi que dans des réformes institutionnelles et législatives profonde (projets d’un nouveau code des collectivités locales et d’un nouveau code de l’urbanisme). Cet article propose ainsi d’analyser les reconfigurations des politiques territoriales à l’œuvre en Tunisie après 2011 - à partir de l’étude de la politique d’aménagement du territoire et des différents projets de textes réglementaires y afférant. Une telle entrée nous permettra de mettre en exergue la difficulté de passer d’un modèle d’aménagement fortement centralisé à un autre qui prend en considération le pouvoir local et la participation citoyenne. Elle nous permettra également de relever les dysfonctionnements dans l’action des différentes administrations concernées par la question territoriale et de pointer les incohérences de leurs actions. Elle nous donnera enfin la possibilité de remettre en perspective la continuité de l’action publique et les phénomènes de résistance aux changements qui empêchent la concrétisation de la nouvelle gouvernance territoriale.
Chantiers de reconstruction politique en comparaison : La « décentralisation » en période post-révolutionnaire en Tunisie et en Libye
Authors: Turki Sami Yassine , Loschi Chiara
Published: July 2017

Les soulèvements de 2011 dans le monde arabe ont eu une dimension territoriale certaine, mettant en relief l’importance des aspects territoriaux des politiques publiques et leurs échecs en termes d’équité et de développement. La décentralisation, comme dispositif de re-légitimation institutionnelle, a alors connu un moment de succès. Dans ce cadre, la Tunisie et la Libye représentent deux pays qui ont connu de véritables bouleversements politiques en 2011 : dans ces deux cas, les régimes politiques sont tellement enracinés dans les institutions que la reconstruction post-révolutionnaire de l’Etat est sensée être radicale. Les évolutions en termes de stabilité se posent presque aux extrémités, mais la décentralisation y a rapidement émergé comme composante essentielle de la réforme du système politique, en étant un élément phare du changement constitutionnel (Tunisie) ou précédant ce dernier (Libye). Les auteurs se proposent ici de comparer le processus de construction des politiques de décentralisation après la chute desdits régimes, en mettant l’accent sur l’importance de l’héritage institutionnel et politique d’une part, le rôle des acteurs locaux, d’autre part.La comparaison des deux pays durant la phase de transition, renvoyant aux contextes politiques opposés, permet de saisir les rôles des vieux et nouveaux acteurs et l’articulation entre anciens et récents dispositifs institutionnels ainsi que l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques au niveau local. La question de la réponse que donne l’Etat à ces processus, à travers l’engagement – ou l’affichage de l’engagement – vers la décentralisation (Tunisie) et le gouvernement local (Libye), est ainsi problématique. Dans les deux pays, la configuration des autorités municipales en phase de transition connaît des différences radicales dont l’analyse contribue à la compréhension de l’appareil de légitimation et reconstruction étatique aux différentes échelles. En ce sens, il est encore plus promettant d’analyser comment se positionnent les groupes locaux dans les deux différents contextes, entre reconfiguration institutionnelle nationale, programmes de développement et réorganisation des intérêts locaux qui précèdent la Révolution.
De la dialectique du « local » et du « national » dans les lois électorales tunisiennes ou comment représenter le « peuple » dans la Tunisie post-Ben Ali
Authors: Gobe Eric
Published: July 2017

En s’intéressant ici aux techniques électorales débattues par les acteurs politiques tunisiens, cet article se propose d’analyser les logiques sociales et politiques sous-tendant les solutions proposées par les représentants et les gouvernants de la Tunisie post-Ben Ali pour définir les conditions d’une « bonne représentation » du « peuple ». Ce sont les rapports réciproques entre le local et le national, ou plus précisément entre les régions marginalisées et le centre politique, qui ont constitué l’une des variables explicatives des choix effectués par les gouvernants de la Tunisie post-Ben Ali en matière de techniques électorales. Le surgissement du « local » dans le « national » s’est traduit par l’adoption d’une première loi électorale intégrant la question régionale dans certaines de ses dimensions et par l’adoption par les constituants d’une architecture étatique largement décentralisée. La nouvelle Constitution en prévoyant l’organisation de collectivités locales dirigées par des conseils élus au suffrage universel, a incité les acteurs de la scène politique post-Ben Ali à poser à nouveau frais, la problématique des effets des techniques électorales sur le fonctionnement de la scène politique tant locale que nationale.
Budgets participatifs : S’approprier la dialectique de la gouvernance participative locale
Authors: Goehrs Manuel
Published: July 2017

Une multiplicité d’acteurs intervient dans la promotion de la participation citoyenne, « nouveau paradigme » de la bonne gouvernance : acteurs du développement, autorités étatiques, autorités locales, populations. En Tunisie et au Maroc, le développement du Budget participatif semble offrir un contrepoint bottom-up à la dynamique d’une participation citoyenne conçue et/ou orchestrée par les pouvoirs centraux. À la rigidité des mécanismes définis par le ministère de l’Intérieur pour les communes, s’opposerait la souplesse des Conventions BP dans lesquelles les habitants, les élus et l’administration locale définissent des règles du jeu participatif adaptées aux spécificités locales. L’article s’intéresse aux facteurs d’appropriation de la démarche participative selon qu’ils sont maitrisés par les gouvernements centraux ou par l’administration communale. En particulier, l’article montre comment les modèles de financement du Budget participatif dans les communes marocaines et tunisiennes peuvent favoriser son inscription dans la durée ou au contraire sa limitation dans le temps.
La municipalisation de la gestion urbaine par la concertation. Le cas du Comité de Concertation de Tabriquet à Salé (Maroc)
Authors: Mias Coline
Published: July 2017

Le présent article interroge la reconfiguration de la gestion municipale du Parti islamiste de la Justice et du Développement (PJD) à l’aune des réformes politiques et institutionnelles qui ont consacré le paradigme de la gouvernance locale et participative au Maroc. A travers l’étude localisée d’un Comité de Concertation initié dans un des bastions électoraux du PJD, l’arrondissement de Tabriquet à Salé, nous analysons les formes de politisation de ce dispositif, dépeint comme favorisant les techniciens et experts des politiques urbaines sur les élus locaux. Ce faisant, nous montrons les interactions et parfois, les tensions qui s’opèrent entre ces acteurs lors de la production du territoire. En effet, en dépit de rapports complexes entretenus entre le Palais et le PJD au sujet de la légalisation de cette formation politique à « référentiel » islamique, le parti de la Lampe donne corps aux réformes de décentralisation promues par l’Etat marocain depuis plusieurs années. Ainsi, le PJD promeut la mise en concertation de la gestion urbaine afin de valoriser un système local d’acteur qui parvient à dégager, à son profit, des espaces d’autonomie distincts des canaux décisionnels traditionnels.
Mosquées algériennes et expérimentations architecturales. Une législation en cours
Authors: Senhadji Dalila
Published: July 2017

La question de l’architecture des mosquées prise en charge par des comités ou des associations à Oran se pose avec insistance tant les modèles de mosquées remettent en question les modèles architecturaux classiques en matière d’édification de ces lieux de culte. C’est à travers un regard d’architecte que la problématique qui sous-tend de cet article est posée. Nous l’avions d’ores et déjà abordée lors d’un article publié précédemment mais, aujourd’hui, une nouvelle législation a été promulguée en vue de combler les lacunes de la précédente. Elle fait l’objet du présent article. Nous allons en effet analyser le processus de conception et de construction du lieu de culte. Cela consiste notamment à identifier les acteurs en présence et le maître d’œuvre, à décrypter les procédures administratives auprès de la Direction des Affaires religieuses, à comprendre les choix architecturaux.
L’UGTT et l’UTICA : Entre conflit ouvert et union sacrée
Authors: Yousfi Héla
Published: July 2017

Le rôle joué par l’UGTT et l’UTICA sur la scène politique tunisienne depuis le soulèvement du 17 décembre 2010 jusqu’à aujourd’hui n’a cessé de susciter des débats pour le moins passionnés. Cet article se propose, à partir de leur histoire depuis l’indépendance jusqu’aujourd’hui d’analyser les continuités et les ruptures dans le fonctionnement des deux organisations les plus puissantes en Tunisie, afin de saisir la manière dont l’ère post-Ben Ali a transformé aussi bien leur identité que la nature du rapport qui les lie. Plus particulièrement, il s’agit d’explorer comment les conflits ouverts ou les coopérations négociées qui ont eu lieu à différents moments entre 2011 et 2015 ont reconfiguré la place de ces deux organisations dans un champ politique et social en pleine mutation. Nous nous interrogerons également sur l’impact de ces évolutions politiques sur les rapports entre les deux organisations et les nouveaux défis économiques et sociaux auxquels elles doivent faire face.
Signifier. Essai sur la mise en signification
Authors: Nicolaï Robert
Published: July 2017

Partant de notre saisie des langues et de la façon dont nous les faisons signifier, cet ouvrage propose une approche réflexive et transversale en marge des champs disciplinaires constitutifs des sciences humaines et de la société. Il concerne les linguistes, épistémologues, théoriciens ou historiens des langues mais aussi tous les lecteurs intéressés par la façon dont nous élaborons du sens dans et par le langage.

S’appuyant sur l’imaginaire de la filiation généalogique des langues développé au XIXe siècle pour aboutir aux métaphores de la biologie, des systèmes complexes ou de l’écologie qui les remplacent aujourd’hui, l’auteur montre la permanence et les limitations de ces procès de modélisation métaphorique dans la construction de nos connaissances. Ses questions ouvrent ainsi vers une épistémologie des sciences : quelles sont les contraintes déterminant notre analyse des phénomènes linguistiques et de la dynamique des langues ? quels sont les conditionnements orientant nos constructions théoriques ? en fonction de quelles réalités les linguistes orientent-ils leur saisie ?

Puis, considérant nos pratiques dans l’espace communicationnel ordinaire, il se retourne vers la dynamique sémiotique et met en évidence notre activité et notre activisme d’acteurs de la communication dans le procès de mise en signification du langage et d’élaboration des connaissances, suggérant une anthropologie renouvelée qu’il reste à construire.

L’ouvrage s’achève en reliant les deux thèmes abordés dans la perspective d’une épistémologie des sciences humaines.
Opportunities for Participation, Productivity, and Personalization Through GeoGebra Mathematics Apps
Authors: Tomaschko Melanie , Kocadere Selay Arkün , Hohenwarter Markus
Published: July 2017

The development of mobile devices as well as the technical possibilities going along with this progress are extensive. Especially since the last few years, the widespread availability of mobile technologies offers new opportunities to improve learning and teaching both in- and outside of classrooms. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) models can help to support the shift towards more student-centered learning environments with their unique benefits for learning. This chapter takes a closer look at GeoGebra, a set of apps for learning and teaching mathematics and science, and how they can support teaching, learning, and assessing in relation to the aspects of participation, personalization, and productivity of BYOD.
Ubiquitous, Wearable, Mobile
Authors: Nucera Sebastiano , Tartarisco Gennaro , Epasto Aldo , Smeriglio Donatello , Mazzeo Alessandro , Pioggia Giovanni , Anastasi Alessandra
Published: July 2017

Ubiquitous devices and wearable technologies are becoming smaller and more rich in features to meet user demands and applications. The emergence of ever more sophisticated technologies has created new relationships between real, virtual, and augmented world. This is quite evident, within educational contexts. This chapter will explore new learning approaches based on virtual and augmented reality technologies. Virtual and augmented realities dispense specific knowledge and information. This chapter will discuss augmented reality and education applications based on virtual reality. The chapter will differentiate between ways in which wearable technologies enhance and restructure teaching and learning processes. To circumscribe a well-defined level of analysis, the chapter will examine experiences of using wearable technology within educational contexts.
Weathering Indices Used in Evaluation of the Weathering State of Rock Material
Authors: Ceryan Sener
Published: July 2017

There are various definition of weathering and differences between authors seem to steam in part from the different viewpoints of pedolog, geomorpholog, geolog, geochemists and geology engineer. In this study, weathering is handled from various aspects such as time, form and phases of progress, studies it is majored and research scale. The engineering behavior of rock materials depends not only on stress state and stress history but also on the physical, mineralogical and chemical change of the rock materials due to weathering. Weathering indices are used to define these changes due to weathering. Several weathering indices have been devised for quantifying the changes in the intrinsic properties of rocks from different points of view, some of which can be related to the engineering properties of weathered rocks. The most commonly used methods can be broadly categorized as chemical, mineralogical-petrographical, petro-chemical and engineering indices. In this study, the brief literature review for weathering indices used to evaluate of the effects for weathering of rock materials.
Seismic Microzonation and Site Effects Detection Through Microtremors Measures
Authors: Calderon Francisco Alberto , Giolo Emilce Gisela , Frau Carlos Daniel , Rengel Marcelo Gerardo Jesús Guevara , Rodriguez Hernan , Tornello Miguel , Lujan Fabian , Gallucci Ruben
Published: July 2017

Seismic microzonation of a city can be a difficult and expensive undertaking depending on the method used. In the last years, the HVSR method has been one of the most popular ways to define the natural frequency of the soil and seismic amplification factor in order to make quick microzonations due to that it is an expeditious and cheap method. This is very important in developing countries and poor countries. The fundamental reason to use this method is the fact that the amplification factor has well correlation with damage distribution. Additionally with the help of another methods it is possible obtain the structure of the superficial soil strata. In this chapter, an introduction with seismic microzonation, site effects concepts, microtremors, description of the HVSR method, advantages and disadvantages of this method, limitations and comparison with other methods, are presented. Finally, highlight of the importance of the method in order to identify site effects are displayed as examples and the incorporation of these data to Geographic Information Systems is also shown.
Using Groundwater Flow Modelling for Investigation of Land Subsidence in the Konya Closed Basin (Turkey)
Authors: Özyurt Naciye Nur , Avcı Pınar , Bayarı Celal Serdar
Published: July 2017

Land subsidence which is defined as gradual settling or sudden collapse of Earth's surface, is a geohazard phenomenon that occurs worldwide. Land subsidence occurs in time mainly due to excessive groundwater abstraction. This problem occurs usually in semi-arid regions where the groundwater is the sole source of water. Eliminating the adverse effects of land subsidence requires careful observations on the temporal change of elevation coupled with groundwater flow modeling. In this study, numerical groundwater flow modeling technique is applied to a confined aquifer system in the Konya Subbasin of Konya Closed Basin (KCB), central Anatolia, Turkey. Groundwater head in the KCB has been declining with a rate of about 1m/year since early 1980s. Recent GPS observations reveal subsidence rates of 22 mm/year over the southern part of KCB. MODFLOW numerical groundwater flow model coupled with subsidence (SUB) package is used to simulate the effect of long term groundwater abstraction on the spatial variation of subsidence rates.
Institutional Background of Effective Strategies for Business Sustainability
Authors: Zhalilo Yaroslav
Published: July 2017

The chapter grounds theoretical and methodological baselines of effective strategy decision making of economic agents under the modern conditions of institutional turbulence. Strategies' subjectivity importance and institutional determination of its implementation have been proved. Institutional system, establishing the relations of trust, promotes the reduction of transaction costs, in particular – the costs of opportunistic behavior, and creates prerequisites for effective business communications. It has been proved that under the trends of institutional transformation, influenced by economic globalization and network economy spreading, the challenges to strategies' effectiveness can be cured at the basis of economic entities' network self-organization.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism Businesses
Authors: Revila Raquel García , Moure Olga Martínez
Published: July 2017

Tourism is configured as an activity that has a specific weight in the economy of a country, being a palpable reality especially in the case of Spain. Tourist activities have undergone a major evolution, switching from developmentalist models to environmental paradigms. It is in this scenario that Corporate Social Responsibility acquires a specific weight, which can be succinctly defined as the kind of leadership that has in mind, when planning organizational activities, the impact of the activity on the environment, customers and local community. In this contribution we analyze the evolution that have suffered tourism businesses in our country, focusing specifically on the current situation, marked by Corporate Social Responsibility. This way of understanding tourism is particularly relevant and peculiar in a time of economic and sociological changes like the current, and specifically influenced by the international crisis. Tourism businesses, more than any other businesses, have adapted to the turbulent changes that have occurred in the worldwide scenario.
Streamflow and Salt Flux in the Semi-Arid Tiva River Basin in Eastern Kenya
Authors: Kitheka Johnson U.
Published: July 2017

This chapter presents the results of a study on the influence of streamflow variability on salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and conductivity in a semi-arid Tiva River Basin in Kenya. Measurements of salinity, TDS, conductivity and river discharges were undertaken in sampling stations by applying standard hydrologic methods. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between the variability of streamflow and the variability of salinity, conductivity and TDS in the river. The high salt concentrations were a result of high evapotranspiration and seepage of subterranean water from bank storage and groundwater aquifers. Inter-sub-basin variations in the levels of salinity were attributed to differences in land uses, lengths and sizes of the sub-basins. Sustainable irrigation and land use practices in the semi arid Tiva River Basin requires construction of water reservoirs for control of salinity levels in the river.
A Spatial Database of Hydrological and Water Resources Information for the Nyangores Watershed of Kenya
Authors: Olang Luke O. , Herrnegger Mathew , Wimmer Doris , Fürst Josef
Published: July 2017

Advances in environmental remote sensing have provided an opportunity to monitor water resource systems in vulnerable regions with data scarcity. The spatial datasets can be used to build spatial models of reality to enable derivation of catchment based characteristics, also often required by models in hydrology. The derived estimates can then be mapped and cartographically presented to support water resources planning within the concerned developing regions. This contribution presents a database of water resources information for an upstream catchment of the Mara River Basin of Kenya developed from freely available spatial datasets. Additionally, water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivities and Total Dissolved Solids) selected as essential indicators of the suitability of the water resources for domestic applications were measured and mapped. The database, packaged as spatial maps, has been presented to the local stakeholders for developing appropriate catchment management strategies within the important watershed.
Emotionality, Reason, and Dark Tourism
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel , George Babu P.
Published: July 2017

The present chapter questions to what extent visitors in dark sites are really interested for heritage issues or understanding the roots of moral disasters as the specialized literature suggests or simply are in quest of pleasure-maximization. This text is based on a criticism of the book Heritage that hurts authored by Joy Sather-Wagstaff. Far from any emotionality, dark tourism represents an ideological mechanism to reinforce the supremacy of liberal cultural values which are enrooted in late-capitalism. As the previous backdrop, to what extent tourists visiting these sites emulate (living as victims) or produce a genuine empathy with suffering is the main question goes unnoticed for sociologists and anthropologists. This essay review, which explores the roots of emotions not only continues our previous research in regards to the rise of Thana-Capitalism.
Going to the Dark Sites With Intention
Authors: Handayani Bintang
Published: July 2017

This chapter discusses construction of niche tourism in postmodernism. It aims to give a flavour on how the arguments are presented. Utilising death sites and Voluntourism, coupled with proliferation of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) as backdrop, this chapter sets to the layer of dark tourism as the revelation and contemplation, it bridges the nexus between visiting the death sites and extreme poverty areas, and hospitality features as core essence attributed to authentic experience. This chapter thus is an agreement of the previous studies which suggest authentic experience derived from cool authenticity and existential authenticity. It would emerge as not only the answer for searching authentic experiences but also most importantly it could extend the niche tourism formation and deepen Voluntourism conceptualisation. Findings of this study provide practitioners in the tourism and hospitality industries with clues to position death sites and Voluntourism as premium market offerings. Eventually, some directions for future study are discussed.
Animal Sexual Abuse and the Darkness of Touristic Immorality
Authors: Panko Thomas R. , George Babu P.
Published: July 2017

Simply put, tourism is about travel and its associated services. Yet, beyond its glittery appearance, at least sometimes, these services contain elements of domination and control of fellow humans, nature, and culture. Even innocent animals are not spared in the pursuit to making money. The extant literature on “dark tourism” barely addresses the darkness of tourist behavior derived from the nexus between human avarice and animal suffering. Sexual relations with animals has been documented for many centuries; yet, this exploitation as a touristic pursuit is relatively new. In this paper, conditions for the growth of this phenomenon and international regulatory responses are described and the structure and dynamics of the underground animal sex tourism industry are explored.