bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro‐environment alterations through time leading to myeloid malignancies
Authors: Nyamondo Kudzai , Wheadon Helen
Published: July 2022

The micro‐environment plays a critical role in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development, self‐renewal, differentiation and maintenance by providing a supportive cellular framework and essential molecular cues to sustain homeostasis. In ageing and development of age‐related clonal haematopoiesis, the combined contribution of intrinsic alterations in haematopoietic stem cells and their surrounding micro‐environment can promote myeloid skewing and release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. A pro‐inflammatory micro‐environment is a common feature in the initiation and sustenance of several myeloid malignancies. Furthermore, remodelling of the micro‐environment is recognized to potentiate the survival of malignant over normal cells. This review explores micro‐environmental interactions in the haematopoietic system of adults, especially how the bone marrow micro‐environment is impacted by ageing, the onset of age‐related clonal haematopoiesis and the development of myeloid malignancies. In addition, we also discuss the possible role age‐related clonal haematopoiesis and chronic inflammatory conditions play in altering the bone marrow micro‐environment dynamics. Finally, we explore the importance of in vitro models that accurately mimic different aspects of the bone marrow micro‐environment in order to study normal and malignant haematopoiesis.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc
Ionotropic P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in the regulation of ion transport across rat colon
Authors: Ballout Jasmin , Claßen Rebecca , Richter Katrin , Grau Veronika , Diener Martin
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose

ATP plays an important role as an extracellular messenger acting via different types of purinoceptors. Whereas most of the actions of ATP at intestinal epithelia are thought to be mediated by metabotropic P2Y receptors, the role of ionotropic P2X receptors remains unclear. Consequently, we investigated the role of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors on ion transport across rat colonic epithelia by using BzATP, a potent agonist at P2X7 (and weak agonist at P2X4).

Experimental approach

Ussing chamber and Ca2+ imaging experiments were performed on rat colonic epithelia, combined with P2X receptor expression studies.

Key results

Ussing chamber experiments revealed that serosal BzATP induced a neuronally mediated increase in short‐circuit current caused by Cl− secretion. In contrast, the effect of mucosal BzATP was smaller, insensitive to tetrodotoxin and Cl−‐independent. When epithelia were basolaterally depolarized to measure currents across the apical membrane, BzATP stimulated a cation current consistent with the activation of apical nonselective cation channels. Experiments with isolated colonic crypts revealed a BzATP‐induced increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Sensitivity to antagonists indicates stimulation of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors by serosal BzATP and of P2X7 receptors by mucosal BzATP. A similar pattern was observed with native ATP, which induced larger transepithelial currents in comparison to BzATP. RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed the expression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in the colon localized in the epithelium and in submucosal ganglia.

Conclusions and implications

Epithelial and neuronal ionotropic P2X receptors are involved in the regulation of intestinal ion transport.
Appearance satisfaction mediates the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Murray Marisa A. , Obeid Nicole , Gunnell Katie E. , Buchholz Annick , Flament Martine F. , Goldfield Gary S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Research suggests there is an association between high levels of recreational screen time and depression among adolescents; however, mechanisms driving this association remain unknown. The present study examined appearance and weight satisfaction and disordered eating behaviors as mediators in the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Method

Longitudinal data on screen time, depressive symptoms, disordered eating behaviors, and appearance and weight satisfaction from 304 adolescents (194 females, Mage = 13.40) were analyzed through a moment structure model.

Results

Results revealed appearance dissatisfaction mediated the direct effect of recreational screen time on depressive symptoms (Estimate = 0.48, SE = .18, 95% CI [0.12, 0.84]), and that recreational screen time was significantly related to lower appearance satisfaction (Estimate = −0.06, SE = .02, 95% CI [−0.10, −0.01]), which was significantly predictive of more severe depressive symptoms (Estimate = −1.49, SE = .62, 95% CI [−2.71, −0.28]).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that modulating screen time may be an efficacious strategy to reduce appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms during adolescence.
Hidden champions: Exploring supportive family relationships of youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Gallardo Kathryn R. , Narendorf Sarah C. , Markham Christine M. , Swartz Michael D. , Santa Maria Diane
Published: July 2022

The relationships that youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) have with supportive family members (i.e. those who provide them with social support) may be protective against risk behaviours and buffer adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the nature of YEH's supportive family relationships and the type of social support that these family relationships offer them. Thus, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 30 YEH to examine the type of social support received from family relationships and to explore the social dynamics of these relationships. We found that many YEH not only continued to maintain relationships with family members after becoming homeless but also received emotional and/or instrumental support from these family members. Beyond providing this type of social support, family members served as a source of motivation for these youth. Additionally, YEH contributed to their family relationships and gained a sense of connectedness in return. Lastly, we found that YEH's family support was influenced by their family circumstances and their need for autonomy. Collectively, our findings suggest there may be a need for interventions designed to strengthen relationships with supportive family members among YEH, who may derive multiple positive benefits from relating with the ‘hidden champions’ in their lives.
Establishment of unified creep–fatigue life prediction under various temperatures and investigation of failure physical mechanism for Type 304 stainless steel
Authors: Xu Le , Wang Run‐Zi , He Lei , Zhang Xian‐Cheng , Tu Shan‐Tung , Miura Hideo , Itoh Takamoto
Published: July 2022

Investigations into creep–fatigue life and the corresponding failure physical mechanism are crucial for guaranteeing the structural integrity of components. In this work, a series of strain‐controlled fatigue and creep–fatigue tests were performed at different temperatures. Then, the EBSD‐TEM combinative analysis was performed to reveal the microstructure evolution. The creep failure parameter dependence derived from standard creep experimental data and their importance in further creep–fatigue employment were discussed. Results show that strain energy density has better relevance than ductility in connecting with creep failure. The temperature‐dependent critical strain energy density and an equivalent failure strain energy density, considering geometric effect, were incorporated with the current energy‐based model, which enables creep–fatigue life scatter within a factor of 1.5. Moreover, multi‐slip activations and severe slip interactions under creep–fatigue conditions were responsible for the ultimately lifetime reductions based on microstructure observations.
Shifts in the seasonal trophic ecology of larvae and juveniles of European hake (Merluccius merluccius): From the Galician upwelling system (NW Spain)
Authors: Laiz‐Carrión Raúl , Cabrero Águeda , Quintanilla José María , Hernández Alma , Uriarte Amaya , Gago Jesús , Rodríguez José María , Piñeiro Carmen , García Alberto , Saborido‐Rey Fran
Published: July 2022

The trophic ecology of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) larvae and early‐juveniles from the Iberian shelf off Galicia (NW Spain) are assessed by means of stable isotopes (SIA) and nutritional condition in conjunction with hydrobiological variations observed during the winter and summer season of 2012. Hake early‐juveniles (18–47 mm SL) showed higher δ15N than larvae (3–11 mm SL) together with the microzooplankton (55–200 μm) and mesozooplankton (>200 μm) during both seasons. Low δ15N values and high variability in both zooplankton and hake larvae were found during winter coinciding with an unusually strong upwelling event. Inversely, high δ15N content in zooplankton in summer suggests strong nitrogen reutilization. However, hake larvae sampled in summer had a higher RNA:DNA ratio in line with higher Fulton condition factors than those sampled in winter. Higher δ13C values for microzooplankton and mesozooplankton and hake larvae in summer compared to late winter point to prey availability differences. The relationship between nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes versus size or weight suggests an ontogenetic shift in the diet of hake larvae. Early‐juveniles had a lower isotopic niche width compared to larvae in both late winter and summer, indicating a trophic specialization related to changes following settlement process from planktonic life to demersal habitat. Higher trophic specialization was observed in summer, which recorded a narrower isotopic niche and higher trophic position estimations.
Predator kairomone triggers sexual reproduction of Daphnia population via increasing population density
Authors: Zhou Qiming , Huang Jing , Gu Lei , Lyu Kai , Huang Yuan , Yang Zhou
Published: July 2022

Both predation risk and crowding can induce sexual reproduction in Daphnia, and predator kairomones can also cause population crowding. It is, however, unclear as to whether sexual reproduction is caused by kairomone per se or indirectly by kairomone‐induced crowding.

In this study, we cultured Daphnia pulex in the presence of fish kairomone, with newborn offspring being retained (increasing population density) or removed (constant population density). The relationships among fish kairomone, population density, and indicators of sexual reproduction were assessed using structural equation models.

The results showed that when offspring were retained in the population, the population density and sexual reproduction by Daphnia simultaneously increased in response to the presence of the fish kairomone, whereas sexual reproduction was not directly affected in the presence of fish kairomones alone. Conversely, when maintaining a constant population density, the number of ephippia and ratio of male to female of Daphnia increased with increasing population density, but the presence of fish kairomone did not promote sexual reproduction. Structural equation model analysis indicated that population density, rather than the fish kairomone, was the significant factor promoting sexual reproduction.

The findings of this study indicate that population density directly triggers sexual reproduction in Daphnia populations. Our observations provide new insights into environmentally induced sexual reproduction, and on this basis, we suggest that a more thorough consideration of the interactions among environmental factors in determining sexual reproduction is necessary.
Salicylic acid–methanol extraction of aluminosilicate hydrates
Authors: Sarbapalli Dipobrato , Chen Xu , Struble Leslie , Mondal Paramita
Published: July 2022

This study focuses on understanding how salicylic acid and methanol (SAM), commonly used to dissolve certain calcium silicates in portland cement, affect geopolymer gels and other sodium aluminosilicate hydrates. The technique has been used in the past to selectively dissolve hydrated calcium silicates formed through alkali activation of aluminosilicate mixtures containing calcium in the expectation that the extraction does not dissolve alkali aluminosilicate hydrates. However, the work presented here reveals that SAM solution does, in fact, dissolve aluminosilicate hydrates. Zeolite A, a three‐dimensional, low‐silica, crystalline sodium aluminosilicate hydrate, was fully dissolved upon SAM extraction, zeolite X was partially dissolved in the SAM extraction, and only zeolite Y was completely unaffected by SAM extraction. Similar behavior was observed with amorphous sodium hydroxide‐metakaolin geopolymer products—at an early age (1 day), SAM dissolved all the gel and left only unreacted metakaolin, and at a later age (7 days), SAM partially dissolved the geopolymer gel. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that dissolution requires the presence of silicon at the Q4(4Al) sites. Extraction was seen to involve some dealumination and complete removal of sodium. The mechanism of aluminosilicate dissolution in SAM appears to be acid attack followed by removal of aluminum via chelation with salicylic acid.
Psoriasis may increase the risk of lung cancer: a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Q. , Chen J. , Qin L. , Luo Y. , Zhang Y. , Yang X. , Wang H.
Published: July 2022

Background

Although many studies have indicated that Psoriasis (PsO) could contribute to the risk of lung cancer, no study has reported a clear causal association between them. Our aim was to explore the potential causal association between PsO and the lung cancer risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) design.

Methods

To explore a causal association between the PsO and lung cancer, we used large‐scale genetic summary data from genome‐wide association study (GWAS), including PsO (n = 337 159) and lung cancer (n = 361 586), based on previous observational studies. Our main analyses were conducted by inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method with random‐effects model, with a complementary with the other two analyses: weighted median method and MR‐Egger approach.

Results

The results of IVW methods demonstrated that genetically predicted PsO was significantly associated with higher odds of lung cancer, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.06 (95%CI, 1.01–1.12; P = 0.02). Weighted median method and MR‐Egger regression also demonstrated directionally similar results (All P < 0.05). In addition, both funnel plots and MR‐Egger intercepts indicated no directional pleiotropic effects between PsO and lung cancer.

Conclusions

Our study provided potential evidence between genetically predicted PsO and lung cancer, which suggested that enhanced screening for lung cancer allows early detection of lung cancer.
Impact of Growth Phase, Pigment Adaptation, and Climate Change Conditions on the Cellular Pigment and Carbon Content of Fifty‐One Phytoplankton Isolates
Authors: Neeley Aimee R. , Lomas Michael W. , Mannino Antonio , Thomas Crystal , Vandermeulen Ryan
Published: July 2022

Owing to their importance in aquatic ecosystems, the demand for models that estimate phytoplankton biomass and community composition in the global ocean has increased over the last decade. Moreover, the impacts of climate change, including elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), increased stratification, and warmer sea surface temperatures, will likely shape phytoplankton community composition in the global ocean. Chemotaxonomic methods are useful for modeling phytoplankton community composition from marker pigments normalized to chlorophyll a (Chl a). However, photosynthetic pigments, particularly Chl a, are sensitive to nutrient and light conditions. Cellular carbon is less sensitive, so using carbon biomass instead may provide an alternative approach. To this end, cellular pigment and carbon concentrations were measured in 51 strains of globally relevant, cultured phytoplankton. Pigment‐to‐Chl a and pigment‐to‐carbon ratios were computed for each strain. For 25 strains, measurements were taken during two growth phases. While some differences between growth phases were observed, they did not exceed within‐class differences. Multiple strains of Amphidinium carterae, Ditylum brightwellii and Heterosigma akashiwo were measured to determine whether time in culture influenced pigment and carbon composition. No appreciable trends in cellular pigment or carbon content were observed. Lastly, the potential impact of climate change conditions on the pigment ratios was assessed using a multistressor experiment that included increased mean light, temperature, and elevated pCO2 on three species: Thalassiosira oceanica, Ostreococcus lucimarinus, and Synechococcus. The largest differences were observed in the pigment‐to‐carbon ratios, while the marker pigments largely covaried with Chl a. The implications of these observations to chemotaxonomic applications are discussed.
Relationship between periodontal status and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and chronic periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Zhao Cuiling , Liu Zhiqiang , Ding Yukun , Li Wenyue , Yang Hongjia , Wang Zuomin , Li Yufeng
Published: July 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and total serum cholesterol level in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN).

Background

Periodontitis is now recognized as the sixth complication of diabetes and can also affect other complications of diabetes, including nephropathy and coronary artery diseases. Studies have considered dyslipidemia as a risk factor for exacerbation of periodontitis.

Methods

A total of 119 T2DN patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this observational study. Participants were stratified into the Normal (serum total cholesterol <5.17 mmol/L, n = 89) and the Dyslipidemia groups (serum total cholesterol ≥5.17 mmol/L, n = 30). Participants completed a validated questionnaire that collected information on oral hygiene behaviors and knowledge of oral health and underwent a clinical oral examination. The number of remaining teeth, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding index (BI) was recorded. Physical examination and laboratory tests (fasting plasma glucose, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglyceride, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels) were performed.

Results

Means of CAL and BI were significantly higher in the Dyslipidemia group compared with the Normal group. In the Dyslipidemia group, PD and percent of sites with PD ≥4 mm were positively correlated with urinary albumin/creatinine ratios; PD and percent of sites with PD ≥4 and PD ≥5 mm were positively correlated with HbA1c level; a number of remaining teeth were negatively correlated with serum LDL‐C level. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, FPG, and serum HbA1c and triglyceride levels, BI was found to be positively associated with dyslipidemia in T2DN patients with periodontitis.

Conclusion

T2DN patients with chronic periodontitis had a 2.355‐fold higher risk of developing dyslipidemia, implying an important relationship between periodontitis and blood lipid control among T2DN patients.
A brief nap during an acute stressor improves negative affect
Authors: Wofford Nathan , Ceballos Natalie , Elkins Gary , Westerberg Carmen E.
Published: July 2022

Overnight sleep can reduce perceived stress, and improve associated cognitive disruptions and negative affect after an acute stressor. Whether a brief nap can also bestow these benefits in a non‐sleep‐restricted population is currently unknown. In this study that used a between‐subjects design, stress was triggered by administering a modified Trier Social Stress Test to two groups of participants (nap [n = 29], wake [n = 41]). All participants were instructed they would give a speech during the study but the topic would be withheld until later, and then completed a math task. After a 40‐min break in which participants watched a neutral video or took a nap monitored with electroencephalography, stress was reinforced by presenting the speech topics and giving participants a 10‐min preparation period. Next, instead of giving a speech, the study ended and participants were debriefed. Negative affect, perceived stress and working memory were measured at multiple time points before and after the break. Both groups showed lower perceived stress and improved working memory after the break than before, but a nap did not confer additional benefits for perceived stress or working memory beyond taking a break. However, the nap group exhibited lower negative affect after the break than the wake group, and only the nap group showed a reduction in negative affect compared with initial negative affect levels. These results indicate a nap can improve negative emotions accompanying a stressor to a greater extent than taking a break, and suggest that brief naps may be a useful way to improve mood while experiencing an acute stressor.
Assessing the quality of dry sausages using fluorescence spectroscopy, physico‐chemical, and dynamic testing rheology: A preliminary study
Authors: Sangaré Moriken , Traoré Lonseny , Chèné Christine , Karoui Romdhane
Published: July 2022

The viscoelastic and the structure properties of three brands of dry sausages (Auvergne, Beef‐poultry, and Galbanetto) were studied using dynamic rheology and fluorescence spectroscopy. The storage and the loss modulus of sausage samples showed a viscoelastic character. The principal component analysis carried out on the normalized rheological and physico‐chemical parameters allowed to differentiate the sausage samples into three groups according to their brands. This trend was confirmed by the factorial discriminant analysis where 74.44% of correct classification was obtained. The emission spectra acquired after excitation set at 290, 340, and 360 nm and excitation spectra scanned after emission set at 410 nm allowed clear differentiation between the three brand samples. The obtained results were confirmed following the application of partial least squares regression to the fluorescence and physico‐chemical parameters since an excellent prediction of moisture content was obtained from the excitation spectra set at 340 nm (R2 = 0.99) and 360 nm (R2 = 0.99). The protein content of dry sausages was well predicted after excitation set at 290 and 340 nm with R2 of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively, while the fat level was well estimated after excitation set at 340 and 360 nm and emission set at 410 nm (R2 = 0.96, 0.96 and 0.94, respectively). The obtained results showed the potential use of fluorescence spectroscopy as a rapid technique for evaluating the quality of dry sausages.
A machine learning approach to portfolio pricing and risk management for high‐dimensional problems
Authors: Fernandez‐Arjona Lucio , Filipović Damir
Published: July 2022

We present a general framework for portfolio risk management in discrete time, based on a replicating martingale. This martingale is learned from a finite sample in a supervised setting. Our method learns the features necessary for an effective low‐dimensional representation, overcoming the curse of dimensionality common to function approximation in high‐dimensional spaces, and applies for a wide range of model distributions. We show numerical results based on polynomial and neural network bases applied to high‐dimensional Gaussian models. In these examples, both bases offer superior results to naive Monte Carlo methods and regress‐now least‐squares Monte Carlo (LSMC).
RootPainter: deep learning segmentation of biological images with corrective annotation
Authors: Smith Abraham George , Han Eusun , Petersen Jens , Olsen Niels Alvin Faircloth , Giese Christian , Athmann Miriam , Dresbøll Dorte Bodin , Thorup‐Kristensen Kristian
Published: July 2022

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a powerful tool for plant image analysis, but challenges remain in making them more accessible to researchers without a machine‐learning background. We present RootPainter, an open‐source graphical user interface based software tool for the rapid training of deep neural networks for use in biological image analysis.

We evaluate RootPainterby training models for root length extraction from chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) roots in soil, biopore counting, and root nodule counting. We also compare dense annotations with corrective ones that are added during the training process based on the weaknesses of the current model.

Five out of six times the models trained using RootPainterwith corrective annotations created within 2 h produced measurements strongly correlating with manual measurements. Model accuracy had a significant correlation with annotation duration, indicating further improvements could be obtained with extended annotation.

Our results show that a deep‐learning model can be trained to a high accuracy for the three respective datasets of varying target objects, background, and image quality with < 2 h of annotation time. They indicate that, when using RootPainter, for many datasets it is possible to annotate, train, and complete data processing within 1 d.
Altered countermovement jump force profile and muscle‐tendon unit kinematics following combined ballistic training
Authors: Hoffman Ben W. , Raiteri Brent J. , Connick Mark J. , Beckman Emma M. , Macaro Angelo , Kelly Vincent G. , James Lachlan P.
Published: July 2022

Combined heavy‐ and light‐load ballistic training is often employed in high‐performance sport to improve athletic performance and is accompanied by adaptations in muscle architecture. However, little is known about how training affects muscle‐tendon unit (MTU) kinematics during the execution of a sport‐specific skill (e.g., jumping), which could improve our understanding of how training improves athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate vastus lateralis (VL) MTU kinematics during a countermovement jump (CMJ) following combined ballistic training. Eighteen young, healthy males completed a 10‐week program consisting of weightlifting derivatives, plyometrics, and ballistic tasks under a range of loads. Ultrasonography of VL and force plate measurements during a CMJ were taken at baseline, mid‐test, and post‐test. The training program improved CMJ height by 11 ± 13%. During the CMJ, VL's MTU and series elastic element (SEE) length changes and velocities increased from baseline to post‐test, but VL's fascicle length change and velocity did not significantly change. It is speculated that altered lower limb coordination and increased force output of the lower limb muscles during the CMJ allowed more energy to be stored within VL's SEE. This may have contributed to enhanced VL MTU work during the propulsion phase and an improved CMJ performance following combined ballistic training.
Concordancia entre la interpretación del clínico y el reporte radiológico definitivo de la radiografía de tórax del paciente mayor de 15 años que consulta a un servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico inicial de neumonía o insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva
Authors:   , Menéndez Ramírez Salvador Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Conocer la concordancia entre la interpretación del clínico y la del radiólogo de la radiografía de tórax en pacientes que consultan a un servicio de urgencias de tercer nivel en Bogotá con diagnóstico inicial de neumonía o insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva. Diseño: Estudio de concordancia con variable categórica. Lugar: Fundación Clínica Shaio Población: Radiografías de tórax realizadas a pacientes que consultan al servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico inicial de neumonía o insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva. Intervención: No hay. Mediciones: Índice Kappa, estadística descriptiva, características operativas. Resultados: El porcentaje de acuerdo de la interpretación de la radiografía de tórax entre el clínico y el radiólogo fue de 63,71%, con un porcentaje esperado por el azar de 33,99% y un Kappa de Cohen de 0,45 (IC 95% 0,43 0,52, pmenor que 0,0001). Por subgrupos según tipo de clínico varió entre un Kappa de 0,62 (IC 95% 0,60 0,66) para los internistas y un Kappa de 0,22 (IC 95% 0,21 0,28) para los cardiólogos. Conclusiones: La concordancia en la interpretación de la radiografía de tórax entre el clínico y el radiólogo es moderada. Al evaluarlo por subgrupos según el tipo de clínico que interpreta la radiografía de tórax encontramos una concordancia entre baja y moderada siendo la mejor la de los internistas y la más baja la de los cardiólogos. La concordancia en los demás subgrupos estudiados siempre fue moderada.
Lesión renal aguda temprana en pacientes adultos con lesiones eléctricas score de predicción
Authors:   , Navarrete Aldana Norberto
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La lesión renal aguda (AKI) en pacientes quemados, expresada por oliguria transitoria y/o pequeñas elevaciones de creatinina, es asociada con incremento en la mortalidad. En las lesiones eléctricas, la destrucción muscular profunda produce el síndrome de Rabdomiolisis. L« lesión renal aguda mioglobinurica es una complicación que puede ser fatal. El objetivo del estudie fue establecer la incidencia de AKI temprano (tAKI) en la primera semana post trauma eléctrico \ desarrollar y validar un puntaje de predicción de riesgo (PRS). Metodología: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes adultos, hospitalizados en las primeras 48 horas posterior al trauma eléctrico, durante el periodo de Enero 2007 a Diciembre de 2013. El desenlace fue definido por los criterios de Acutí Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). Un modelo de regresión logística multivariable fue derivado. Un PR! paro estimar tAKI fue desarrollado utilizando los coeficientes 0 contraídos. Resultados: De pacientes estudiados, 5.5% desarrollaron tAKI. El género no fue asociado a tAKI. La CPK mayor que 15.001 Ul/L es asociado en el análisis univariable, pero no el multivariable. Se obtuvieron cuatrmenor que predictores independientes. La prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow fue 0.844. E índice general de clasificación fue 94.6%. El área bajo la curva ROC fue 0.789. No hubo diferencia entre los coeficientes obtenidos del modelo multivariable y los obtenidos por técnica de remuestreo. El área ROC fue 0.787 en el proceso de validación del modelo. Los factores de riesgo constituyen e TBSA, Age, Compartí mental syndrome, Hypotension: (TACHY score). La probabilidad de tAKI estimada comparada con la observada fue similar en las cuatro categorías de riesgo. Conclusiones El riesgo de tAKI en quemaduras eléctricas se puede predecir rápidamente por el puntaje de riesgo TACHY
Prevalencia de los principales factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con hipertensión arterial que asisten a una IPS en Bogotá y algunos municipios de Cundinamarca
Authors:   , Moreno Moreno Lizet Paola
Published: July 2022

Evaluar la prevalencia de los principales factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en una población de pacientes mayores de 18 años que asisten a la IPS Colsubsidio a un programa llamado Club de Hipertensión Arterial.
Factores predictores del éxito académico en la carrera de Enfermería. Cohortes 2004-2005. Bogotá. D.C
Authors:   , Cañón Abuchar Hilda María , Rodríguez Romero Viviana Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Evaluar la capacidad de un modelo predictivo del rendimiento académico durante el primer año, de estudiantes admitidos a la carrera de Enfermería, en el segundo semestre de 2004 y, primer y segundo semestre de 2005. Diseño : Observacional analítico de cohortes históricas. Muestra: 177 estudiantes admitidos a la carrera de Enfermería de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana durante el segundo semestre de 2004 y, primer y segundo semestre de 2005.
La experiencia del mundo como método para una axiología alternativa del patrimonio cultural inmueble: la experiencia en Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Tello Fernández María Isabel
Published: July 2022

La problemática reduccionista en el campo de la valoración del patrimonio cultural inmueble, que deviene de la llamada conservación oficial, pone en evidencia la condición axiológica de la relación sujeto valorador y objeto valorado, y la urgente necesidad de una complejización fenomenológica de aquella. Esto, para el caso del presente ejercicio encuentra el norte y la claridad del recorrido epistemológico, heurístico y hermenéutico en la filosofía. Es en este territorio donde el planteamiento de una investigación con este horizonte descubre la esencia, el sentido, el contenido y la metodología que ofrece el debate entre axiología y teoría de la percepción, donde la experiencia del inmueble patrimonial se complejiza física y metafísicamente, al situarse en una profunda y humana experiencia del mundo. Cuerpo espacialmente ubicado (sujeto) en, frente y desde el espacio patrimonial (objeto), memoria, imaginarios, representaciones, intencionalidad, interrogan la dimensión pasada, presente y futura del sentido por la vida. Finalmente, el ejercicio ofrece comprensiones que posibilitan y develan territorios inexplorados del pensamiento patrimonial, de su sentido, pero sobre todo de su metodología
L’établissement thermal en Algérie aux XIXe et XXe siècles : naissance d’un tourisme de santé
Authors: Nedjar Nadia , Chergui Samia
Published: July 2022

L’Algérie est dotée d’un remarquable patrimoine thermal, riche en sources d’eaux naturelles, qui suscite aux XIXe et XXe siècle un grand attrait auprès des populations locale et coloniale. Au regard des nouvelles réglementations européennes sur l’amélioration des services hygiéniques, l’administration coloniale entame une large campagne de recensement et de mise à niveau des thermes et bains existants. Elle entreprend aussi la réalisation de nouvelles structures thermales à proximité d’anciennes sources naturelles.

Partant du postulat que le thermalisme est d’abord une forme de tourisme, cette étude aborde le patrimoine de l’eau, considéré comme haut lieu culturel et touristique, aux vertus thérapeutiques. L’analyse systématique des sources archivistiques coloniales et leur confrontation aux investigations in situ, permet d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur l’état des établissements thermaux pendant la colonisation. Elle contribue, par ailleurs, à faire le point sur le renouveau du thermalisme sous le prisme de l’hygiénisme et du tourisme de santé.
Assessment of the species composition of ticks attacking dogs and domestic cats in the Małopolska and Silesian provinces
Authors: Kocoń Anna , Nowak-chmura Magdalena , Asman Marek
Published: July 2022

Urban, tourist and recreational environments are ideal places for the spread of ticks to new areas. The increasing presence of wild animals in urban environments can lead to increased exposure and risk of infestation by dangerous parasites in humans and pets. Increased pace of urbanization relates to human mobility, long-distance trade and interactions with nature between humans and companion animals, which could change epidemiological conditions in urban and peri-urban areas. In 2017–2018, 2,777 ticks were collected in selected areas of the Małopolska and Silesian provinces: 2,643 Ixodes ricinus (95.2%), 107 Ixodes hexagonus (3.9%), 23 Ixodes crenulatus (0.8%), 3 Dermacentor reticulatus (0.1%) and 1 Ixodes apronophorus (0.03%), from 1,209 dogs and 399 cats. Ixodes ricinus is of the greatest medical, veterinary and economic importance in the transmission of many pathogens of tick-borne diseases. The widespread travel of humans with their pets is likely to have a key impact on the existing epidemiology situation of many ectoparasites and may lead to a higher frequency of rare or new parasitic diseases.
Distribution and identification of tick species infesting donkeys, in district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Idrees Atif , Khan Suleman , Abdulla Alwaili Maha , Saeed Al-qahtani Wedad , Abdul Qadir Ziyad , Kashif Muhammad , Afzal Ayesha , Ullah Habib , Khan Imtiaz , Morsy Kareem
Published: July 2022

A first cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the distribution and identification of tick species infesting donkeys, in district Dera Ismail Khan and two tehsils i.e. Daraban and Kulachi. A total of 1370 donkeys were examined and a total of 2190 ticks were collected from different body parts of donkeys. Thirteen tick species belonging to seven genera identified in this study were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (13.196%), Amblyomma variegatum (1.416%), A. americanum (2.001%), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (2.657%), Dermacentor reticulatus (3.651%), D. marginatus (4.711%), Hyalomma rufipes (8.538%), H. dromedarii (12.251%), H. excavatum (9.963), H. anatolicum (19.132%), H. scupense (12.702%), Haemaphysalis punctata (4.803%) and Ixodes ricinus (2.602%). H. anatolicum was the dominant species with 19.132% prevalence, while, A. variegatum was least prevalent, with 1.416% prevalence. The relative abundance of tick species in three tehsils of D.I.Khan was 46.06, 30.85 and 22.90% in tehsil D.I.Khan, Kulachi and Daraban, respectively. Mane and ears were the most affected parts of the host body, while, the tail, eyes and muzzle were less affected. The statistical analysis of the prevalence of ticks among different age and sex groups was found significant. Ticks were abundantly distributed in all of the study areas and further studies related to tick prevalence, distribution, molecular and serological detection of tick-borne pathogens in donkeys, are needed in the country.
Leishmania donovani
Dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase Inhibitor as a Potential Oral Treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Ramalingam Karthik , Gangwar Sonali , Balodi Deep Chandra , Anand Apeksha , Yadav Shailendra , Biswas Subhasish , Karunakaran Sasikala Anil Kumar , Gupta Kailash Chand , Batra Sanjay , Goyal Neena
Published: July 2022

Chemotherapy is the key intervention to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected tropical disease. Current regimens include not only a few drugs but also present several drawbacks, including moderate to severe toxicity, cost, long-term administration, patient compliance, and growing drug resistance.
Forty Years of Molecular Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases
Authors: Schmitz Jonathan E. , Stratton Charles W. , Persing David H. , Tang Yi-Wei
Published: July 2022

Nearly 40 years have elapsed since the invention of the PCR, with its extremely sensitive and specific ability to detect nucleic acids via
in vitro
enzyme-mediated amplification. In turn, more than 2 years have passed since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, during which time molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases have assumed a larger global role than ever before.
Latitudinal diversity gradient dynamics during Carboniferous to Triassic icehouse and greenhouse climates
Authors: Zhang Shu-Han , Shen Shu-Zhong , Erwin Douglas H.
Published: July 2022

Understanding the complex patterns of latitudinal diversity gradients (LDGs) in deep time has been hampered by the absence of long-term records of LDGs through multiple climatic changes. We used records of marine invertebrate fossils to generate LDGs in each age bin from the Carboniferous icehouse to the Triassic greenhouse climates. We evaluated LDGs by subsampling, calculated evolutionary rates for different latitudinal zones, and assessed the modularity of the fossil data within latitudinal zones using the Louvain algorithm. Our results suggest that the LDG peaks may be shaped by multiple factors rather than alternating icehouse and greenhouse climates, although icehouse climates usually restrict diversity at high latitudes. In nearly all clades, peak diversity shifted northward during the late Carboniferous and early Permian, reflecting the northward drift of plates and increased habitat area. Changes in the steepness of the LDG was most pronounced at low latitudes and during biotic crises and recovery, while icehouse to greenhouse transitions created more deviation at high latitudes. Our results show a strong historical influence from previous LDG patterns in LDG dynamics, but one that was interrupted by upheavals in composition after dramatic environmental changes.
Aetiology and outcomes of prolonged neonatal jaundice in tertiary centres: data from the China Neonatal Genome Project
Authors: Xiao Tiantian , Wang Jin , Wang Huijun , Mei Hongfang , Dong Xinran , Lu Yulan , Cheng Guoqiang , Wang Laishuan , Hu Liyuan , Lu Wei , Ni Qi , Li Gang , Zhang Ping , Qian Yanyan , Li Xu , Peng Xiaomin , Wang Yao , Shen Chun , Chen Gong , Dou Ya-lan , Cao Yun , Chen Liping , Kang Wenqing , Li Long , Pan Xinnian , Wei Qiufen , Zhuang Deyi , Chen Dong-mei , Yin Zhaoqing , Wang Jianshe , Yang Lin , Wu Bingbing , Zhou Wenhao
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the distribution of aetiologies and outcomes in neonates with prolonged neonatal jaundice.

Design

An observational study.

Setting

Multiple tertiary centres from the China Neonatal Genome Project.

Patients

Term infants with jaundice lasting more than 14 days or preterm infants with jaundice lasting more than 21 days were recruited between 1 June 2016 and 30 June 2020.

Main outcome measures

Aetiology and outcomes were recorded from neonates with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (PUCHB) and prolonged conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (PCHB).

Results

A total of 939 neonates were enrolled, and known aetiologies were identified in 84.1% of neonates (790 of 939). Among 411 neonates with PCHB, genetic disorders (27.2%, 112 of 411) were the leading aetiologies. There were 8 deceased neonates, 19 neonates with liver failure and 12 with neurodevelopmental delay. Among 528 neonates with PUCHB, a genetic aetiology was identified in 2 of 219 neonates (0.9%) who showed disappearance of jaundice within 4 weeks of age and in 32 of 309 neonates (10.4%) with persistent jaundice after 4 weeks of age. A total of 96 of 181 neonates (53.0%) who received genetic diagnoses had their clinical diagnosis modified as a result of the genetic diagnoses.

Conclusion

Known aetiologies were identified in approximately 80% of neonates in our cohort, and their overall outcomes were favourable. Genetic aetiology should be considered a priority in neonates with PCHB or the persistence of jaundice after 4 weeks of age. Moreover, genetic data can modify the clinical diagnosis and guide disease management, potentially improving outcomes.
Discharge outcome analysis of 1089 transgender young people referred to paediatric endocrine clinics in England 2008–2021
Authors: Butler Gary , Adu-Gyamfi Kirpal , Clarkson Kerry , El Khairi Ranna , Kleczewski Sara , Roberts Alice , Segal Terry Y , Yogamanoharan Karththeepan , Alvi Sabah , Amin Nadia , Carruthers Paul , Dover Stacey , Eastman Joanna , Mushtaq Talat , Masic Una , Carmichael Polly
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The destination of transgender and gender variant young people referred by the National Health Service (NHS) Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) to, and discharged from the two English paediatric endocrine liaison clinics is not known.

Methods

1151 young people referred after full assessment by the GIDS; 827 to University College London Hospital since 2008; 324 to Leeds Children’s Hospital since 2013. Discharge categorisation was by agreed criteria. Eleven emigrated and 51 self-discharged. 1089 had known outcomes.

Results

999/1089 (91.7%) continued identifying as gender variant. 867/999 (86.8%) were discharged to adult gender identity clinics (GICs). 166/867 (19.1%) of these were <16 years and 701/867 (80.9%) ≥16 years at initial endocrine referral. No sex differences were seen. 38/999 (3.8%) opted for non-NHS services.

90/1089 ceased identifying as gender variant. In 32/1089 (2.9%), this was subsequent to their first clinic appointment.

58/1089 (5.3%) stopped treatment either with the gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) or gender-affirming hormones (GAH) and reverted to their birth gender: <16 years (20/217; 9.2%); ≥16 years (38/872; 4.4%).

Subdividing further, 16/217 (7.4%) <16 years ceased GnRHa and 4/217 (1.8%) after GAH. Of those ≥16 years, 33/872 (3.8%) ceased GnRHa and 5/872 (0.6%) GAH.

Conclusions

At discharge, 91.7% continued as transgender or gender variant, 86.8% sought ongoing care through NHS GICs. 2.9% ceased identifying as transgender after an initial consultation prior to any endocrine intervention and 5.3% stopped treatment either with GnRHa or GAH, a higher proportion in the <16 year compared with the ≥16 year groups.
Overall quit in triple users of conventional cigarette, e-cigarette and heated tobacco product among healthy adults: a Korea Medical Institute health check-up study
Authors: Yun Hye Won , Jung Keum Ji , Jee Sun Ha , Kimm Heejin
Published: July 2022

Objective

While multiuse patterns of e-cigarettes (EC) or heated tobacco products (HTP) with conventional cigarettes (CC) have been reported, smoking cessation of multiusers is not well known. We aimed to analyse overall quit in triple users of CC, EC and HTP among healthy adults.

Methods

A questionnaire was conducted on 89 360 adults who visited the Korea Medical Institute health check-ups in Seoul, Korea, from May 2018 to September 2019. Among 38 812 ever smokers, 9252 were ever triple users of CC, EC and HTP. Frequency and related factors of overall quit were analysed in the cross-sectional study.

Results

The average age was 38.8±9.0 years, and 8458 (91.4%) were men. There were 5329 (57.6%) current triple users, 3547 (38.3%) single or dual product quitters and 376 (4.1%) overall quitters. Among the former triple users, the most common tobacco product use pattern was ‘dual quit of EC and HTP (eg, current CC use)’ both in men (21.3%) and women (26.3%). Age 60s or older (OR 8.5, 95% CI 5.2 to 13.8), women (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5), no hyperlipidaemia and married status were significantly related to overall quit.

Conclusion

The most common pathway for ‘ever triple users’ of the three tobacco products was ‘current triple users’, and the second was ‘CC users’. Single or dual product quitters could continue to smoke by EC or HTP instead of quit. Further research on overall quit will be needed to develop effective regulations.
Risk prediction models for breast cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Zheng Yadi , Li Jiang , Wu Zheng , Li He , Cao Maomao , Li Ni , He Jie
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To systematically review and critically appraise published studies of risk prediction models for breast cancer in the general population without breast cancer, and provide evidence for future research in the field.

Design

Systematic review using the Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) framework.

Data sources

PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception to 16 December 2021.

Eligibility criteria

We included studies reporting multivariable models to estimate the individualised risk of developing female breast cancer among different ethnic groups. Search was limited to English language only.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently screened, reviewed, extracted and assessed studies with discrepancies resolved through discussion or a third reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed according to the PROBAST framework.

Results

63 894 studies were screened and 40 studies with 47 risk prediction models were included in the review. Most of the studies used logistic regression to develop breast cancer risk prediction models for Caucasian women by case–control data. The most widely used risk factor was reproductive factors and the highest area under the curve was 0.943 (95% CI 0.919 to 0.967). All the models included in the review had high risk of bias.

Conclusions

No risk prediction models for breast cancer were recommended for different ethnic groups and models incorporating mammographic density or single-nucleotide polymorphisms among Asian women are few and poorly needed. High-quality breast cancer risk prediction models assessed by PROBAST should be developed and validated, especially among Asian women.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020202570.