bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining and Developing Translation Competence for Didactic Purposes
Authors: Quinci Carla
Published: December 2014

This chapter provides an outline of the main issues concerning the conceptualisation and modelling of Translation Competence (TC) and proposes the adoption of a product-based definition for didactic purposes. Such definition is based on an empirical longitudinal product-oriented study on TC aiming to identify possible textual features and conventions that can be related to the translator's level of competence. The preliminary results from this longitudinal study presented in this chapter appear to suggest the existence of a possible relation between specific textual and procedural patterns and the participants' translation experience. Such patterns could provide translator trainers and trainees with a set of pragmatic indications for the definition and achievement of specific learning goals and could potentially serve as predictive developmental hypotheses in translator training.
The ATA Flowchart and Framework as a Differentiated Error-Marking Scale in Translation Teaching
Authors: Koby Geoffrey S.
Published: December 2014

Translation evaluation remains problematic, with industry marking errors with points-off systems while teachers use points-off and rubrics. Many rubrics are not adequately operationalized. Needed is an error category and severity system sufficiently differentiated for useful feedback and streamlined to enable feedback to large numbers. The American Translators Association (ATA) Flowchart for Error Point Decisions and Framework for Standardized Error Marking has been adapted for the classroom. This chapter provides statistics on errors and severities marked in two groups: 63 translations by German>English graduate students marked by the author and 17 examinations from the 2006 ATA Certification Examination marked by ATA graders. The predominant categories assigned to students are Punctuation, Usage, Mistranslation, Addition, and Misunderstanding, while ATA papers show Misunderstanding, Omission, Terminology, Literalness, Ambiguity, Grammar, and Style. Misunderstanding rated as the most serious error for both. Transfer errors are more frequently marked and more severely rated than grammar or language errors.
Evaluation in Specialized Translation Teaching
Authors: Brugué Lydia , Giró Ruben
Published: December 2014

The need to create and implement fair and precise evaluation scales in Specialized Translation subjects is a current and controversial issue within translation pedagogy. In this chapter, a scale model to be used for the evaluation of different translation-related assignments in Scientific and Technical Translation subjects is presented. The scale takes into account most aspects discussed both by teachers and scholars as an attempt to minimize work and offer an exact, easy-to-use, and fast tool for Translation teachers. Firstly, the chapter offers a general overview on the evaluation of translations, particularly those made from scientific and technical texts in an educational context. Secondly, it deals with the authors' experience as Specialized Translation teachers and the advantages and inconveniences stemmed from the evaluation scales implemented so far. Thirdly, the chapter details the authors' evaluation scale proposal and how it is implemented in their classes, and finally, it offers some specific examples and some recommendations.
An Empirical Study of Students' Views on Theoretical Subjects
Authors: Ordóñez-López Pilar , Agost Rosa
Published: December 2014

Translator and interpreter study programmes are characterised by their practice-oriented nature; in fact, students seem to have a somewhat reticent attitude towards Translation Theory in part due to their perception of the respective modules as less important because they are relegated to a subsidiary position within the course programme. The authors have carried out a research project aimed at investigating the views of students regarding the subject of Translation Theory. The main objective of this project is to identify areas of improvement in the design and teaching methodology in order to provide more dynamic teaching and reinforce the links between the theoretical and practical dimensions of the discipline. The results obtained in this study provide new and unexpected insights into students' conception of translation and translation theory and into the teaching improvements required to make this subject more interesting and valuable in the education and training of translators-to-be.
Evaluating Emotional Stability as a Predictor of Chinese MTI Students' Interpreter Aptitude
Authors: Fengxia Jiang
Published: December 2014

It is necessary to find an effective way of testing interpreters' aptitude so as to enhance the efficiency in deciding his or her potential interpretation talents. This chapter proposes that variance in interpreter performance is dependent on factors of both general cognitive ability and personality. It reports on a study of 110 Chinese MTI students in the hope of finding out what traits play the most important role and to what extent these variables impact on learning and achievement. Psychological constructs of self-efficacy, goal orientation, and negative affectivity were measured, as were interpreter ratings of self-perceived competence as practitioners. The most significant finding revealed the dimension of emotional stability (represented on the negative end of the continuum by traits of anxiety and neuroticism, and measured in this study by the negative affectivity scale) as a predictor of interpreters' self-perceived competence. Based on these findings, recommendations for admission testing and interpreter education curricula are discussed.
Adapting Translator and Interpreter Training to the Job Market
Authors: Ho George
Published: December 2014

This chapter discusses the issue of Translation and Interpreting (T&I) education in the global age. Its focus pivots on why, what, and how to train T&I students for the job market. In order to facilitate global trade and communication, the majority of T&I students ought to be trained as T&I practitioners or other language professionals instead of researchers of translation studies. Accordingly, the designing and structuring of the T&I curricula should be closely linked to the practice of translating and interpreting in the real world so that T&I students will enjoy their study at school, as well as the pathways paved for their future career. The methodology advanced by Kiraly (1995, 2003) based on the principles of cognitive apprenticeship is recommended, as it is closely related to translating and interpreting practice and helps T&I students effectively acquire the translating and interpreting skills employed in the T&I profession.
Power Relations in Information Systems Implementation
Authors: Ye Michelle , Marshall Peter , McKay Judy , de Salas Kristy
Published: December 2014

This chapter critically reviews the literature on power relations in information systems implementation projects. IS projects redistribute information and power in organizations and are thus implicated in both project progress and ultimately project success. The review firstly considers the ideas of Foucault, Giddens, Clegg, Lukes, and Latour, as these are the most established and prominent theories in the major IS papers on power. This chapter argues for a consideration of a new theory of power and social influence from social psychology deemed suitable for use in IS research. The ideas of this theory have not yet been examined empirically in IS studies of power relations in IS implementations but arguably offer an important opportunity for IS researchers.
Technology Institutionalisation through Technological, Organisational, and Environmental Isomorphism
Authors: Pishdad Azadeh , Haider Abrar
Published: December 2014

Implementation and assimilation of information systems need to be culturally, organisationally, and technologically composed such that their use becomes routinized and institutionalised, and embedded with the business's work processes and routines. This chapter argues that use of technology is shaped through mutual interactions of various organisations' internal as well as external sub-institutions, such as organisational culture, suppliers, competitors, technology characteristics, customers, government rules, and industry norms. This study demonstrates that institutionalisation of technology occurs through conformance with environmental, organisational, and technological institutional mechanisms, whereby organisations seek legitimacy, efficiency, performance, and success within their operating environment.
Cloud Adoption in Enterprises
Authors: Venkatraman Ramanathan , Venkatraman Sitalakshmi
Published: December 2014

This chapter proposes a security and migration framework with business strategic implementation guidelines for successfully adopting cloud services, namely Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in contemporary organisations. As a foundation to achieve this, the authors give emphasis to the importance of considering the security, privacy, and governance issues related to cloud implementations, along with the possible benefits of adopting cloud services in businesses. They discuss the various types of cloud, their deployment models, and service levels as these form the basis for strategically planning the security and migration framework implementation of cloud in an organization. In addition, the authors provide a step-wise security and migration framework that could serve as a business strategic guideline for a successful cloud service adoption in enterprises.
Skillset to Assimilate Information Technologies in Accounting SMEs
Authors: Bahador Ku Maisurah Ku , Haider Abrar
Published: December 2014

Competence in operating IT on one hand aids the routine business activities related to an accountants' work and on the other helps them create an environment where these technologies operate at their optimum level for the strategic internal and external advantage of the business. Recent studies indicate that accounting businesses are now customer-oriented, information-driven, project-based, flatter in structure, and consist of a number of functional and cross-functional teams. An all-encompassing skill set for accountants is therefore required, which not only caters for IT skills but also accounts for organisational, human, and interpersonal skills. This chapter presents an empirically tested integrated framework for competency development consisting of technical, organisational, people, and conceptual skill dimensions. This framework focuses on technical skills and calls for skills in areas that complement technical knowledge, so as to institutionalise competency development as an ongoing activity of an accountant's professional lifecycle.
Legal and Organisational Issues in Courtroom Technology Implementation and Institutionalization
Authors: Saman Wan Satirah Wan Mohd
Published: December 2014

Information technologies in courtrooms have served systematic and speedy justice dispensation since the start of the last decade. They brought forward significant changes to court operation around the world. However, during this period a variety of technology implementation and institutionalisation issues also surfaced. This chapter aims to discuss the legal and organisational issues by focusing on the case of Malaysian courts. It is advanced with the presentation of growing phenomenon of courtroom technology implementation and institutionalisation in a big picture, followed by the current scenario of the case of technology implementation projects in Malaysian courts, the E-Court, and E-Shariah. This chapter also discusses the different perspectives in technology institutionalization through a five-step technology implementation/institutionalisation process.
Exploring Physicians' Resistance to Using Mobile Devices
Authors: Gonzalez Paola A. , Chan Yolande E.
Published: December 2014

Mobile communication technology is emerging as an area of major importance in healthcare. By enabling ubiquitous real-time access to patient information and state-of-the-art medical knowledge, this technology has the potential to support the integration of health records, the practice of evidence-based medicine, and to improve productivity among provider organizations. However, its adoption and implementation have faced many challenges; an important one has been users' resistance. For instance, many physicians are still reluctant to embed these technologies in their medical practices. This chapter, hence, explores factors that influence this resistance to using mobile devices, thereby hindering the potential benefits that these technologies can bring to healthcare. Specifically, the authors present the results of an empirical study conducted at a local hospital where two mobile technologies were examined. The findings highlight several important factors that, if not addressed in healthcare settings, can result in user resistance to the implementation of this technology.
Citizens' Voice and Adoption of Pakistani E-Government Services
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ovais , Markkula Jouni , Oivo Markku
Published: December 2014

Even though there is emerging literature on e-government, research focused on potential problems related to citizens' adoption of e-government services in developing countries is still limited. As a developing country, e-government services in Pakistan have witnessed prolific advancements over the years. Since 2002, Pakistan has strategically adopted e-government as a part of its policy. In this chapter, the factors influencing citizens' e-government service adoption in Pakistan are examined using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model. The findings indicate that, in addition to the lack of awareness and data privacy, all of the factors specified by the model have an effect on the adoption of these services in Pakistan. The empirical results highlight the voice of citizens concerning the usage of the services. This information can be used by the policy and decision makers to promote services that correspond better to the needs of the citizens.
E-Government Adoption and Implementation in Oman
Authors: Al-Mamari Qasim , Corbitt Brian , Gekara Victor
Published: December 2014

This chapter reports a description and analysis of the factors that influenced the process of adoption and implementation of the e-Government initiative in Oman over the period 2000 – 2013. This research provides an explanation of why government organisations in Oman developed and then adopted e-Government projects, and how that affected their success as an example of what might also be the case in many developing countries. Using the concept of institutional decoupling, this research presents a framework that offers a new understanding of the observed high failure rate of e-Government implementation in many developing countries. In terms of practical contributions, this research concludes important lessons with regard to synchronising motivating factors with institutional, technological and organisational prerequisites, and expected outcomes.
IT Governance Institutionalisation
Authors: Saetang Sureerat , Haider Abrar
Published: December 2014

Information technology infrastructure in contemporary large-sized service organisations is growing exponentially in terms of purpose, kind, scope, and complexity. As a result, these organisations are adopting a variety of information technology governance practices to achieve sustained levels of service to meet organisational goals and objectives. This chapter presents a case study of information technology governance in a hospital. It shows that information technology governance practices need to be institutionalised in the social, cultural, technical, and structural environment to produce the desired organisational behavior of responsibility and accountability. It highlights the key success factors that have led to successful assimilation of these practices with business processes, job functions, and workflows in the case organization. This study, thus, expands the theoretical and practical views on implementation of information technology governance.
E-Learning System's Acceptance
Authors: Abu-Shanab Emad
Published: December 2014

The major limitation for adopting e-learning systems is students and teachers perceptions of such applications. EduWave is a system implemented in Jordan, to be used by teachers, students and other stakeholders in public schools in the country. This study tried to contrast the perceptions of students and teachers and conclude to future agenda for improving the success chances of such systems. The research utilized results from two empirical studies, with 2 surveys applied to both teachers and students to probe their opinions regarding the obstacles facing EduWave utilization, the advantages and disadvantages of the system, the functionalities used, and the factors influencing the adoption. Results supported the original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), with significant prediction of intentions to use EduWave through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use for both teachers and students. Also, teachers and students results did not support the role of trust in the process. Conclusions and future work are stated at the end.
Web-Based Social Stories and Games for Children with Autism
Authors: Jeekratok Kanisorn , Chanchalor Sumalee , Murphy Elizabeth
Published: December 2014

Children with (ASD) may respond well to web–based learning because computers can provide features such as repetition, visual stimuli and independent interactions that appeal to them. However, there has been limited testing of web-based learning especially outside of institutional settings. The study reported on in this paper involved the testing of open, web-based games and social stories for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The web-based learning was accessible by parents, teachers, health professionals and children in an institutional and home setting and consisted of four social stories and seven games housed in a website. Pre- and post-testing of the web-based learning took place over a three-month period with 10 children with ASD enrolled in a special-education center in North-Eastern Thailand. Testing was conducted using observation. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, parametric t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. Results revealed improvement for all behaviors although not for all children. Implications include the need for future studies that rely on more participants and that focus on transferability of learned behaviors to real-life contexts. Future studies might also include longitudinal designs to determine sustainability of newly learned behaviors and the design of web-based environments that adapt to or are more specifically tailored to individual needs of children with ASD.
Synthesis and Properties Study of the Green High-Efficient Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor
Authors: Liu De Zhu , Zhang Qun
Published: December 2014

The synthetic imidazoline-ammonium-salt corrosion inhibitor was compounded with sodium sulfite, isopropanol and potassium pyroantimonate respectively. Potassium pyroantimonate was selected as the best compound with good synergy. And the ratio of potassium pyroantimonate and the corrosion inhibitor was 3:50. Compared to the imidazoline corrosion inhibitor separately used, the inhibition efficiency was improved about 1.2% when the amount of the potassium pyroantimonate was 0.03%. Through researching the synergistic effect with polyaspartic acid, the green and high-efficient corrosion and scale inhibitor is got which is applicable to oilfield.
The Effect of Pulse Current on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of the Pure Aluminum
Authors: Li Yao , Peng Shu Hua , Yang Jun Jie
Published: December 2014

The tensile experiments were carried out under the condition of different pulse current on pure aluminum to analyze the effect of pulse current on the mechanical property such as tensile strength and elongation on material. The results show that pulse current could improve the mechanical properties and with pulse current the elongation of the aluminum increased to 19.5% and its tensile strength drops to some extent with the increase of electricity. At the same time, the dislocation structure features under different current density are also different. Without pulse current, dislocation is distributed as group unevenly. But when the current density J=8×102A/cm2, dislocation morphology changed into a mass of dislocation cells and moved to the grain boundary. Part of the cell walls formed grain boundary and then small angle subgrain formed. With the increase of current density, dislocation walls are arranged neatly and parallel to each other and at last single dislocation wall will be split into two or more parallel dislocation walls and form structure of striped band.
Feed Optimization for Five-Axis Flank Milling Thin-Walled Parts
Authors: Wang Ming Yong
Published: December 2014

This paper presents process optimization for the five-axis milling based on the mechanics model explained in Part I. The process is optimized by varying the feed as the tool-workpiece engagements. The linear and angular feedrates are optimized by sequential quadratic programming. Sharp feedrate changes may result in undesired feed-marks on the finished surface. The adopted step is to update the the original CL file with optimized and filtered feedrate commands. The five-axis milling process is simulated in a virtual enviroment, and the resulting feedrate outputs are stored at each position along the tool path. The new feedrate profiles are shown to considerably reduce the machining time while avoiding process faults.
Researching on the Selection and Verification of Ball Screw Pair Based on Reforming of CNC Lathe
Authors: Tao Li
Published: December 2014

Numerical control reform of ordinary lathe has the advantages of economy, practicality and stability. In order to ensure the accuracy of the feed system, vertical screw pair must be exchanged for a ball screw pair. The processing precision of the work piece can be guaranteed. Combined with the practice, this paper discusses the ball screw pair selecting in the reforming process of NC lathe. And the aspects of its size, precision, bearing capacity is checked.
Study on De-Nitrification of Improved Step-Feed Progress
Authors: Wang Bing , Xiao Yi , Tong Shou Hui , Fang Lan , You Da Hai , Han Song , Wang Yuan Bo
Published: December 2014

Improved step-feed de-nitrification progress combined with biological fluidized bed was introduced in this study. The progress had good performance and capacity of de-nitrification and organic matter. The experiment result showed that the de-nitrification efficiency of the improved biological fluidized bed with step-feed process was higher than the fluidized bed A/O process under the same water quality and the operating conditions. When the influent proportion of each segment was equal, the system showed good nitrogen removal efficiency with the change of influent C/N ratio, HRT and sludge return ratio. The removal rate of TN reached up to 88.2%. It showed that the simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification phenomenon happened in the aerobic zone. The nitrogen removal mechanism was also studied.
Study on the Method of Fixing Voids in Coarse Aggregate in SMA Mixture
Authors: Wang Weng Wu , Yin Yu Si
Published: December 2014

The current volume design method of SMA is the comparison of volume characteristic parameters (VCA in the mixes,VCA in the dry rodded condition) between aggregates and the mixture,but ignores the systematic error between them.It is the different molding method and different tamping container that cause systematic error.The study compares Marshell compaction method and the Gyration compaction,tamping density tesy of Gyration tube and Marshell tube,and analysis the results.Choosing the Gyration compaction and gytatory tube to measure VCA is more reasonable.
Accuracy Analysis of Focusing Mechanism for an ICF Facility
Authors: Wang Ya Yun , Zhang Yan An , Qian Jin Wu , Shen Lin Yong
Published: December 2014

The focusing Mechanism is an important component of Final Optic Assembly (FOA) in an ICF facility. In this paper, focusing mechanism structure and factors that influence its targeting accuracy were discussed. The impact of the lens pose on targeting when four cylindrical guides were distributed in 4×90°is studied. And it was compared with the situation when three cylindrical guides distributed in isosceles triangle were used. The geometric model was built to analyze the target error caused by the deformation of the front and rear flat. In the end, the deformation was calculated by ANSYS. The result shows that the deviation change is minimized when the diameters of the support rods and guides take specific value.
FDTD Modelling of Triangular Gold Nanoparticle Pairs
Authors: Fan Yang
Published: December 2014

The optical properties of triangular gold nanoparticle pairs are investigated by numerical simulations using Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulation results show the significant red shifts of plasmon resonances as the size of nanoparticle is increased. The large electric field enhancement is also verified by calculating the local electric field distributions.
Modeling of 2.5 Gbps-FSO Link in Wireless Ultraviolet Communication System
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Xiao Rui , Yu Yin Peng , Xie Ya Min , Tan Yu Chen
Published: December 2014

The wireless ultraviolet (UV) communication technology has received great attention for either short-range high data-rate services or medium-to-large range low-rate sensing applications. However, performance of an UV link is limited by multiple constraints from the current UV laser source and detector technology, and atmospheric link conditions. In this paper, we have designed a model of UV communication system using OPTISYSTEM simulator to establish a FSO link between transmitter and receiver by a distance of 500m at data rate of 2.5 Gbps which is no reported in previous investigated works.
Numerical Simulation of Accident Spray Cooling System in FGD System Inlet
Authors: Li Dian Xun , Zhang Shu Sheng
Published: December 2014

By accident of a power plant desulfurization CFD Research sprinkler system model to simulate the process of considering the two-way coupling between the droplet atomization, evaporation, with the main flue gas stream. The results showed that x = 3300 sectional arrangement 40 nozzles, high temperature flue gas through a water spray after 10.8m reach x = 14100 section of the temperature has dropped to 358K, before entering the GGH down to 345K, meet an accident situation spray cooling requirements.
Simulation on the Stress Filed of Radial Tire with Tire Tread Wear under Static Contact Condition
Authors: Wu Jun Fei , Guo Shi Chen , Zhang Xu Ping , Li Zhi , Kan Jin Mei
Published: December 2014

In this paper, through the establishment of a finite element model of radial tire, the finite element analysis of radial tire is made under vertical load condition. The laws of deformation, stress and strain of different wear tire are obtained. At last, the analysis result is discussed.
The Design and Simulated Analysis of Sheath Flow System for the Flow Cytometry
Authors: Liu Guo Dong , Hao Xi Ying , Xu Hu
Published: December 2014

Flow cytometry is a examination method which can analyse and sort unicellular or biological particles . For the requirement of the width and the flowage of sample flow in the laser detection area , this paper designs a sheath flow system of flow cytometry through solidworks software based on the theory of hydrodynamic focusing. Simulating and calculating this model through solidworks flow simulation software, the simulated results meet fully the actual experiment for unicellular and biological particles. The simulated results can verify the correctness of the sheath flow system, and it has certain theoretical significance for actual design of sheath system about flow cytometry.
Method of Simulating Rapid Prototyping Part Shape and Application
Authors: Wang Wei Chen
Published: December 2014

A method of simulating the shape of Rapid Prototyping (RP) part is proposed to evaluate the data processing quality in RP. A series of section contours of the CAD model are obtained firstly; and then the section boundary curves are compensated to satisfy the part’s application purpose; finally, the simulated model of RP part is achieved by extruding the sections with the corresponding layer thickness. The results indicate that the method can denote the RP part’s shape and size tolerance caused by manufacturing data, and that RP part with mixed tolerance fabricated by adaptive slicing has better shape and size precision.
Axiomatic Design of Decomposition Coupling Facing the Reconfigurable Manufacturing System
Authors: Fan Shu Hai , Li Jin Hong , Jiang Zhi Bing , Xu Tian
Published: December 2014

Reconfigurable manufacturing system is be decomposed in this paper, and the case of non-coupling and the case of quasi-coupled are be selected, the axiomatic design is be used in reconfigurable manufacturing system. Put forward the concept that X is the operator, and give a new concept of and.Reconfigurable manufacturing systems are be split and be reorganized accordingly by using axiomatic design innovatively: According to the demand of market, the whole manufacturing system is be split into a combination of some of the features of manufacturing systems; combine some of the features to form the entire manufacturing system.
Mobile On-Shore Marine Power Supply System for Harmonic Elimination
Authors: Song Yan Qiong , Xiao Le Ming , Ye Wei Qiang
Published: December 2014

This paper introduced the development of marine on-shore power supply system in China and abroad, and described the different control strategy of shore power based on uninterruptable power on-shore connection, as well as instance of variable frequency power supply between the port and ship for controlling harmonicdistortion, based on the Matlab simulation software to establish the simulation model of active power filter system,so as to provide the guarantee for achieving reliable paralleling between shore power and marine electrical system with effective harmonic elimination.
Research on Profit Mechanism of 3D Printing Cloud Platform Based on Customized Products
Authors: Liu Xiao Wei , Yang Yun , Xu Xiao Dong , Li Chang  Chun , Ran Ling Peng
Published: December 2014

With the development of industrialization and informationization, traditional manufacturing and service industries are constantly integrating. Represented by 3D Printing Cloud Platform, the rapid prototyping technology networked manufacturing service will provide a powerful boost for Rapid Product Development of the small and medium industrial clusters. As a commercial operation platform, profitability is the driving force behind the sustainable and healthy development of 3D Printing Cloud Platform. This article analyzes the services and specific profit ways provided by 3D Printing Cloud Platform, supporting the commercial operation of the platform with important data.
Axial Suspension Fuzzy PID Control for Axial Artificial Heart Pump
Authors: Zhao Chang Jun , Sun Yu Xin , Zhu Huang Qiu , Liu Xian Xing
Published: December 2014

This paper designs an intelligent fuzzy PID controller of electromagnetic bearing for axial artificial heart pump (AAHP) to achieve re-stable suspension and quick response performance. and Matlab/Simulink is employed to simulate floating process of the rotor and the process of response to displacement disturbance. The simulation results show that the floating overshoot can be inhibited effectively, with the fuzzy PID controller. Fuzzy PID controller can respond to sudden displacement disturbance quickly. Then analyze the simulation waveforms of Fuzzy PID controller and traditional PID controller, verify that the fuzzy PID controller can overcome the shortcomings of traditional PID controller, and increase the control precision of the system and the robustness of the system.
Decoupling Control of Bearingless Induction Motor Based on LS-SVM Inverse System
Authors: Miao Lu Ting , Sun Yu Xin , Zhu Huang Qiu , Liu Xian Xing
Published: December 2014

According to the strong coupling between the electromagnetic torque and radial suspension force, and the difficulty of establishing a precise mathematical model of bearingless induction motor, least squares support vector machine is proposed in this paper. The inverse model approximated by the LS-SVM is connected with the original system, decoupling a complex nonlinear multivariable system into four relatively independent pseudo-linear sub-systems of single input and single output. At the same time, fuzzy PID control strategy is introduced to the pseudo linear system to ensure the robustness and anti-jamming ability of the control system. Then the performance is simulated with Matlab/ Simulink. The theory research and simulation experiment have validated that the decoupling control of inverse system based on least squares support vector machine method can be successfully realized, which between the electromagnetic torque and radial suspension force, and the good performance of dynamic and static state of system can be also obtained.
Research on Drive and Control System of Bearingless Brushless DC Motor for Satellite Flywheel
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Sun Yu Xin , Zhu Huang Qiu , Liu Xian Xing
Published: December 2014

Compared with the complex structure and unsatisfactory performance of traditional flywheel drive system, the proposed strategy adopts bearingless brushless DC motor as the drive actuator of flywheel. The direct torque control which combines the space voltage vector pulse width modulation is presented to control the system. Moreover, a simulation system is built with Matlab/Simulink toolbox. From the simulation results, the proposed control strategy is verified and the rotor can be stably suspended by suspension force along the central axis.
The Effect of Precipitated Phases on Creep Behavior
Authors: Zhang Jian Qiang , Zheng Yan Jun , Wang Li , Li Shao Wei , Xu Jing , Cao Yi
Published: December 2014

The effect of precipitated phases on the creep in 300s type austenitic stainless steel used in auto-tailpipe was studied. Flat tensile samples with marker scratches on the surface were strained at slow rate at 400°C. It show that the sensitized material decreased creep rate and needed more stress to generate deformation of grain boundary, suggesting Cr carbides decreased the grain boundary sliding. Thus, the resistance to SCC crack propagation could be improved. Characterizations of the tensile samples were carried out using a SEM in order to understand whether second phases can affect the creep behavior and grain boundary moving.
Fabrication Technology Study of Thermal Isolation Structure on Chip
Authors: Ji Xu , Song Xiang Bo , Li Ming , Li Hai Li , Luo Xi
Published: December 2014

This paper proposes to fabricate thermal insulation structure between different regions with different temperature need for maintaining the biochemical reaction on a chip. It will reduce the heat transfer between different temperature regions, and be helpful to realize the temperature control of different regions of the chip. The fabrication experiment of the thermal isolation hole/cavity by PECVD SiC film deposition and the parylene-C film deposition experiment were performed. This kind of heat insulation structures would also ensure the strength of such devices.
Analysis on Transmission Efficiency of Planetary Gear Reducer
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Xian Xian , Wang Ping
Published: December 2014

A transmission efficiency calculation model of planetary geared reducer was proposed in this paper. The power losses of meshed surfaces of sun-planet gears and planet-ring gears were analyzed in detail. Finally, the mechanical power losses and transmission efficiency of the planetary gear reducer were simulated to illustrate the influence of rotational speed and torque on mechanical power loss and transmission efficiency.
Technological Development of the Forged Low Pressure Rotor of Nuclear Turbine in China
Authors: Zhao Wen Long , Ma Qing Xian
Published: December 2014

The generation III nuclear technology (AP1000) has been introduced into China since 2006 along with the project of 1000 MW advanced passive pressurized water reactors which is a development of any of the generation II nuclear reactor designs incorporating evolutionary improvements in design developed during the lifetime of the generation II reactor designs. The low pressure rotor of nuclear turbine for AP1000 is currently the heavy forging which requires the use of the heaviest steel ingot and possesses the maximum weight and cross sectional area in the world. The forming and manufacturing technology of such heavy forging have been described in this paper.
Flow Behavior of Composites of PA6/Kaolin Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Ying Chun , Hu Guo Sheng
Published: December 2014

The blends of Nylon 6/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) with styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) was prepared by melt blending as the compatilizer. Mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and fracture appearances were determined. It was found that the impact and tensile strength firstly increased and then decreased along with the increase of the SMA content. The properties reached maximum values when the content of SMA was 1.5%. The results of DMA and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that the addition of SMA can effectively enhance the compatibility of Nylon 6 and ABS. Key words: Nylon 6, ABS, SMA, blends, modification
Investigation of Thermal Residual Stresses in Co-Cured Aluminum/Composite Hybrid Shaft Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Hao Wen Feng , Chen Xin Wen , Deng Li Wei , Wang Xiang
Published: December 2014

In this work, thermal residual stresses and deformation of an aluminum/composite hybrid shaft was studied using ABAQUS FEM software. First, the thermo-chemical model of the curing process was described, and the curing parameters were determined. Then, a FEM model of the co-cured aluminum/composite hybrid shaft was build up using ABAQUS FEM software. Finally, the distribution of the thermal residual stress and deformation in the co-cured aluminum/composite hybrid shaft due to curing was obtained, and the effect of cooling rate was analyzed. The results show that residual stresses can be reduced obviously by reasonable cooling rate. The cooling rate also affect the degree of cure which influenced the mechanic property of aluminum/composite hybrid structure directly.
Study on Chemical Composition Changes of Poplus Processed with Xylan after Decay
Authors: Wang Ju Wei
Published: December 2014

Xylan preservative is a new type of wood preservatives ,which is not only harmless to humans and animals, but also no contaminates the environment. Through the extraction of corn cob xylan, anti-corrosion performance testing and compared with the CCA, the results shows that: white rot fungus specimen weight loss rates were: 2.53%, and CCA weight loss rates were 4.08%. In this paper, we carried out through cottonwoods of different states to measure, research and analyse the main chemical composition on their moisture content, benzene - alcohol extract content, lignin content and whole fiber content, which is for future improvement preservatives formulated to provide experimental data, through the comparison of chemical composition among different states of cottonwoods to find out how the effects of preservatives on cottonwood anticorrosive were. The experiments indicated that benzene-alcohol extractive contents of anticorrosion cottonwood and fresh cottonwood were close to 4.50% and 4.51%, while decayed cottonwood of benzene-alcohol content of drawn increased to 5.70%. Lignin contents of anticorrosion and fresh cottonwood were close: respectively, 22.10% and 22.55%, from 24.19% rotten cottonwood. The whole fiber content of Anticorrosion cottonwood, fresh cottonwood and decayed cottonwood were, respectively,66.62%, 84.55% and 64.19% .
Ground Source Heat Pump Modeling: Accounting of Ground Moisture Freezing-Melting in a Model of Heat Transfer outside Deep Borehole
Authors: Vasilyev G.P. , Peskov N.V. , Burmistrov A.A. , Timofeev N.A. , Zakharov P.E. , Yurchenko I.A.
Published: December 2014

This paper contains the results of research, carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract ID RFMEFI57914X0026). For the ground source heat pump (GSHP) used as a heating system in regions with cold climate the thermal effects of ground moisture freezing-melting processes can make an essential long-term impact on GSHP performance. However, widely known models of heat transfer inside and outside GSHP borehole do not take into account such effects. In this paper we propose a method of engineering estimation of freezing-melting latent heat in the frame of modified cylindrical source model. The key feature of the method is the definition of effective thermal conductivity of ground to "convert" the latent heat of phase transition into equivalent heat flux from outer ground. The method is validated by laboratory measurements of ground thermal conductivity during the freezing-melting process.
Design of 3DOF Footrest to Increase Comfort of Computer Workstation
Authors: Workineh Sisay Ayichew , Yamaura Hiroshi
Published: December 2014

In recent years computer has become a tool that cannot be separated from our life. As long as we are working on computers, the comfort of the workstation become important since improper position leads to repetitive strain injuries. In this research avoiding discomfort is approached by making a workstation capable of changing working positions. So, a new workstation concept was designed to create a comfortable computer work experience in which a user can work in different working position at a single workstation. In this paper the design of the footrest and its effect in comfort of workstation is discussed. The footrest had 3 degrees of freedom and its positions were controlled by three linear actuators. Evaluation results in four different working positions showed that flexible footrest has a great impact on the comfort of seated computer work. It increased comfort in thigh, leg and foot relative to a standard workstation without footrest.
A Semi-Analytical Approach for the Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Skew Plates
Authors: Abdelali Hanane Moulay , El Kadiri Mounia , Benamar Rhali
Published: December 2014

The present work concerns the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of fully clamped skew plates at large vibration amplitudes. A model based on Hamilton’s principle and spectral analysis has been used to study the large amplitude free vibration problem, reducing the non linear problem to solution of a set of non-linear algebraic equations. Two methods of solution have been adopted, the first method uses an improved version of the Newton-Raphson method, and the second leads to explicit analytical expressions for the higher mode contribution coefficients to the first non-linear mode shape of the skew plate examined. The amplitude dependent fundamental mode shape and the associated non-linear frequencies have been obtained by the two methods and a good convergence has been found. It was found that the non-linear frequencies increase with increasing the amplitude of vibration, which corresponds to the hardening type effect, expected in similar cases, due to the membrane forces induced by the large vibration amplitudes. The non-linear mode exhibits a higher bending stress near to the clamps at large deflections, compared with that predicted by linear theory. Numerical details are presented and the comparison made between the results obtained and previous ones available in the literature shows a satisfactory agreement. Tables of numerical results are given, corresponding to the linear and nonlinear cases for various values of the skew angle θ and various values of the vibration amplitude. These results, similar to those previously published for other plates, are expected to be useful to designers in the need of accurate estimates of the non-linear frequencies, the non linear strains and stresses induced by large vibration amplitudes of skew plates.
Particle Distribution Statistics in CFD Modeling of Polymer Processing
Authors: Rahimi Abbas , Cordonier Andy , Chandy Abhilash J.
Published: December 2014

This study presents statistical analysis of particle size distribution from a CFD simulation of polymer devolatilization in contactor, that uses superheated steam to isolate the polymers. This is accomplished by estimating marginal distributions of particle size and temperature using maximum Shannon Entropy theory and capturing their dependence structure by employing Copula thoery. The Copula-based conditional distribution of particles at different temperatures reveals the strong dependence of particle size to heat exchange and corresponding temperature.
A Semi-Analytical Study of Geometrically Nonlinear Free Axisymmetric Vibrations of Thin Circular Functionally Graded Plates Using Iterative and Explicit Analytical Solution
Authors: Rachid El Kaak , El Bikri Khalid , Rhali Benamar
Published: December 2014

. This paper deals with nonlinear free axisymmetric vibrations of functionally graded thin circular plates (FGCP) whose properties vary through its thickness. The inhomogeneity of the plate is characterized by a power law variation of the Young’s modulus and mass density of the material along the thickness direction, whereas Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant. The theoretical model is based on Hamilton’s principle and spectral analysis using a basis of admissible Bessel’s functions to yield the frequencies of the circular plates under clamped boundary conditions on the basis of the classical plate theory. The large vibration amplitudes problem, reduced to a set of non-linear algebraic equations, is solved numerically. The non-linear to linear frequency ratios are presented. Then, explicit analytical solutions are presented, based on the semi-analytical model previously developed by EL Kadiri et al. [1-2] for beams and rectangular plates, which allow direct and easy calculation for the first non-linear axisymmetric mode shape, with their associated non-linear frequencies of FG circular plates and which are expected to be very useful in engineering applications and in further analytical developments. An excellent agreement is found with the results obtained by the iterative method.
Computer Aided Problem Based Learning in Engineering Dynamics
Authors: Ray Gautam
Published: December 2014

In this paper we demonstrated the use of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in undergraduate Engineering Dynamics. In PBL, the students enhance their learning by solving problems. In some engineering courses, often the students are not able to explore real life and somewhat complex problems due to inability to handle the mathematical rigor. By using software such as Mathematica® we created modules for some Engineering Dynamics problems. These modules allowed students to concentrate on the formulation and “Physics” and interpretation of the problems of the rather than the rigors of mathematical solutions.