bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DENOMINAL VERBS IN TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE
Authors: Ambarita Esron
Published: November 2018

The central issue in this research is denominal verbs in Toba Batak language that is the formations of verbs from nominal bases through affixations and through lexical form. The morphological process occured in this kind of formation is derivational because it brings about new different word class from its base. In other words, derivational process produces different lexical identity and therefore, it has different lexical meaning. In Toba Batak language denominal verbs can be classified into nine categories, they are: (1) base-zero category, (2) base-hon category, (3) base-i category, (4) mar-base category, (5) mampar-base-hon category, (6) tar-base category, (7) tar-base-i category, (8) hona-base category, and (9) marsi-base-an category. In Toba Batak language it was found that the form of the nominal base and the form of the verb produced is the same in base-zero category. Therefore, the word class of the word will be known as noun or verb from sentence valency or from the context of the sentence where the words are used. For category (8) hona-base category, “hona”which means “suffer from” is a lexical form attached to bases to form new words as verbs. This category is very different from others in which other categories use affixes instead of lexical form. The new word formed can be transitive or it can be intransitive depends on the affixes attached.
Personality Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood: A Study of Age Differences
Authors: Pusch Sebastian , Mund Marcus , Hagemeyer Birk , Finn Christine
Published: November 2018

Early adulthood is a time of substantial personality change characterized by large inter-individual diversity. To investigate the role of age in this diversity, the present study examined whether emerging adults differ from an older group of young adults in their Big Five personality development. By means of multi-group latent change modelling, two groups of 16- to 19-year-olds (n = 3,555) and 26- to 29-year-olds (n = 2,621) were tracked over the course of four years and compared regarding four aspects of personality change: Mean-level change, rank-order change, inter-individual differences in change, and profile change. In addition, age-differential socialization effects associated with six first-time life events were investigated. Analyses revealed substantial age differences in all four aspects of change. As expected, emerging adults showed greater change and diversity in change than young adults. However, the six life events had no age-differential impact on change in single traits and Big Five profiles. Overall, the results indicate that age differences should be considered even in specific life stages to advance the understanding of personality development.
Does Belief in Free Will Increase Support for Economic Inequality?
Authors: Mercier Brett , Wiwad Dylan , Piff Paul Kayhan , Aknin Lara Beth , Robinson Angela R , Shariff Azim
Published: November 2018

Does belief in free will increase support for economic inequality? Five studies using diverse measures and methods yield mixed evidence for this question. Study 1 finds belief in free will is associated with increased support for inequality. Study 2 manipulates belief in free will and does not find evidence that this changes support for inequality. Studies 3 and 4 find that people are more willing to support inequality in a hypothetical universe where free will exists compared to one where it does not (d = 0.11-0.13), indicating that people believe the existence of free will justifies inequality. However, a between-subjects design in Study 5 fails to replicate this finding. Overall, our results suggest that if belief in free will increases support for economic inequality, the effect is likely small and potentially sensitive to the methods used to detect it.
Specificity of Future Thinking in Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gamble Beau , Moreau David , Tippett Lynette J. , Addis Donna Rose
Published: November 2018

Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory has been well established in depression, but whether this ‘overgenerality’ extends to future thinking has not been the focus of a meta-analysis. Following a preregistered protocol, we searched six electronic databases, Google Scholar, personal libraries, and contacted authors in the field for studies matching search terms related to depression, future thinking, and specificity. We reduced an initial 7,332 results to 46 included studies, with 89 effect sizes and 4,813 total participants. Random effects meta-analytic modelling revealed a small but robust correlation between reduced future specificity and higher levels of depression (r = .13, p < .001). Of the 11 moderator variables examined, the most striking effects related to the emotional valence of future thinking (p < .001) and the sex of participants (p = .025). Namely, depression was linked to reduced specificity for positive (but not negative or neutral) future thinking, and the relationship was stronger in samples with a higher proportion of males. This meta-analysis contributes to our understanding of how prospection is altered in depression and dysphoria and, by revealing areas where current evidence is inconclusive, highlights key avenues for future research.
Agent-based model experiments refute Dunnell’s adaptive waste explanation for cultural elaboration
Authors: Carleton William Christopher , McCauley Brea , Costopoulos Andre , Collard Mark
Published: November 2018

Ancient monuments represent a puzzle from the perspective of evolutionary theory. It is obvious that their construction would have been costly in terms of energy, but it is not clear how they would have enhanced reproductive success. In the late 1980s, the prominent US archaeologist Robert Dunnell proposed a solution to this conundrum. He argued that wasting energy on monuments and other forms of what he dubbed “cultural elaboration” would have conferred a selective advantage in highly variable environments. In the present paper, we report a study in which we used an agent-based model to test the core prediction of Dunnell’s hypothesis. In the model, the agents inherited a propensity to waste and were subjected to selection in low and high variability environments. The results we obtained do not support the hypothesis. We found that the propensity to waste was subject to strong negative selection regardless of the level of environmental variability. At the start of the simulation runs, agents wasted 50% of the time on average, but selection drove that rate down by more than a third after the first generation, ultimately settling at 5-7% on average. We contend that this casts serious doubt on the ability of Dunnell’s hypothesis to explain instances of cultural elaboration in the archaeological record.
R.A. Elman (2007) Sexual equality in an integrated Europe: virtual equality
Authors: Ferreira Nuno
Published: November 2018

I should start by mentioning that this book review has been written by a lawyer and not a political scientist, which accounts to some extent for the perspective taken and comments produced. In this work, Amy Elman proposes a highly critical analysis of the politics surrounding gender equality in the EU. The book is structured in eight main chapters: in chapters 2 and 3 the author sets the background to, and presents a chronological account of, the topic at stake; in chapter 4 she makes a first assessment of the policies in question; in chapter 5 she focuses on the intersection between political participation and gender; in chapter 6 the role of male violence is examined; in chapter 7 the programmes Stop and Daphne are assessed; chapter 8 debates the process of politicisation of (mostly female lesbian) sexuality; and chapter 9 concentrates on the right of same-sex couples to marry. The book chiefly concludes that the EU’s role in this field has primarily been one of maintaining gender inequality, rather than diminishing it.
Establishing Cardiac Surgery in Eastern Nepal: Early Results
Authors: Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher , Prasad Jagat Narayan , Shah Prashant , Pandit Narendra
Published: November 2018

Background: Only few dedicated cardiac centres provide cardiac surgery service in Nepal. We are the only government affiliated centre outside the capital providing this service. In this study, we aim to present our early results of cardiac surgery.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences with objective of analysing the early results of cardiac surgery in the patients operated from July 2016 to March 2017.The data were analysed for patient demographics, type of surgery and cardiac disease, mortality, hospital and intensive care unit stay, valve related complications.Results: Total 51 major cardiac surgeries (42 on pump and nine off pump) were performed. There were 27 (53%) males and 24 (47%) females with median age of 36 years (range: 1 to 70 years). The cardiac diseases consisted of 28 rheumatic heart disease, 12 congenital heart diseases, five coronary artery disease, five chronic constrictive pericarditis and one left atrial myxoma. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross clamp times were 106 ±35 and 80±26 minutes respectively. The mean intensive care unit and hospital stay was 4±2 and 8±3 days respectively. Two (4%) patients required re-exploration for mediastinal bleeding. There was no prosthetic valve thrombosis or infection.Two patients (4%) had superficial wound infections.There were four (7.8%) in hospital mortalities. Remaining 47 patients (91.8%) are in NYHA class I aftermean follow up duration of five months.Conclusions: Our early result of cardiac surgery is encouraging and has established the safety and feasibility of starting open heart surgery in other parts of Nepal.
Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Management of Lower Pole Stones
Authors: Dongol Udaya Man Singh , Bohora Sandeep
Published: November 2018

Background:  Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem  due to its high prevalence and  recurrence. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a minimally invasive surgical option for the treatment of large renal stone burden greater than 20mm, staghorn calculi and lower pole calyceal stone greater than 10 mm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and  efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of lower pole calyceal stones.Methods: Seventy  patients who presented in between June 2013 and September 2017 with  lower pole calyceal stones and lower calyceal stones with pelvic extension  were included in the study. The  operating time, the hospital stay, complications rate, stone clearance rate were all noted. Patients were followed up in three and six weeks with X-ray KUB and ultrasonography of abdomen.Results: Seventy adult patients with lower pole calyceal stones underwent standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The mean age was 32 years (18-71 yrs). The mean stone size was 17.6 mm (15 –28 mm). The mean operating time was 62 minutes (48-124 mins) and hospital stay was 4.1 days(4-8 days). The stone clearance rate was 92.6% for stone <20mm and 90.7% stone size >20 mm. The complications noted were fever (8.5%), transient haematuria (20%), urine leak (5.7%), obstruction by residual fragments (5.7%) and one pseudoaneurysm(1.42%). Seven patients (10%) needed blood transfusion.Conclusions: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe, feasible and highly effective method for the treatment of lower pole calyceal stones.
Outcome of Graft Uptake and Hearing Results between ‘U’ Flap Technique and Conventional Tympanomeatal Flap Technique for Anterior and Subtotal Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Authors: Dhungana Sundar , Rayamajhi Pabina , Shrivastav Rakesh Prakash
Published: November 2018

Background: Myringoplasty done for anterior and subtotal perforation needs expertise and practice than conventional underlay myringoplasty. The objective of this study was to compare the graft uptake and postoperative hearing results between ‘U’ flap and conventional tympanomeatal flap technique in anterior and subtotal tympanic membrane perforation.Methods: Sixty three patients of age fifteen years and above with chronic otitis media mucosal type with any sizedanterior and subtotal perforationof tympanic membrane were randomly allocated for myringoplasty by lottery method. There were thirty one cases in ‘U’ flap group and thirty twocases in conventional tympanomeatal flap group. Graft uptake and hearing results were assessed after six weeks and results were compared within and between the groups.Results: Graft uptake rate was 90.3%(28/31) in‘U’ flap group and it was 87.5%(28/32) in conventional tympanomeatal flap group with no statistically significant difference (p= 0.772) between the two groups. The mean pre and post-operative air bone gap in ‘U’ flap group were 23.63dB±7.77dB; 13.26dB±5.50dB and that in the conventional tympanomeatal flap group were 20.88±9.88dB, 9.42dB±6.70dB respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in hearing results between the two groups (p= 0.504).Conclusions: The graft uptake rate and hearing results of ‘U’ flap group were comparable and showed no statistically significant difference to those of conventional tympanomeatal flap group.
Prevalence of Risk Factors of Major NonCommunicable Diseases among Adolescents of Higher Secondary Schools of Kaski, District
Authors: Yadav Dipendra Kumar , Sharma Bhoopendra , Shrestha Naveen , Karmacharya Isha , Yadav Saroj
Published: November 2018

Background: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of major Non communicable disease risk factors among higher secondary school students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among higher secondary students of grade 11 and 12 of Kaski district in Nepal. The study period was from July 2016 to June 2017. Total sample 640 higher secondary students were recruited through two-stage cluster sampling. Self-administrated questionnaire was used for the data collection tool along with other tools which were used such as UNICEF electronic weighing scale, stature meter and mechanical aneroid sphygmomanometer. Ethical approval was obtained from IRC, Pokhara University. Data were entered into EpiData software and analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).Results:  The prevalence of smoking was 6.1% which was high in male (11.9%) than female (0.6%). Alcohol consumption practice among the adolescents was 18.9%. Family history of hypertension was seen higher than family history of diabetes.The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%.High prevalence of abnormal values of systolic and diastolic BP was found in male than female students. Overweight was seen in 6.1% students. Prevalence of obesity was almost equal in both groups.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of smoking, alcoholism among adolescents. Hypertension was more common than diabetes among adolescents.
Profile of Neurosurgical Patients in a Tertiary Level Intensive Care Unit in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Subhash Prasad , Bhattarai Binita , Bhattarai Adheesh , Pradhan Saurabh , Sharma Mohan Raj
Published: November 2018

Background: Neurosurgery has developed as a separate specialty and neurosurgical patients are some of the most common admitted in the intensive care unit. The objective of the study was to study the profile of neurosurgical patients admitted in level III mixed, medical-surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary level teaching hospital in Nepal with the view to identify the causes of intensive care unit admission, types of neurosurgery performed, outcome of the patients, in terms of intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation days and mortality.Methods: A retrospective study was designed and all neurosurgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit of our center between 13 April 2017 and 13April 2018 (1st Baisakh 2074 to 30th Chaitra 2074) were enrolled in this study.Results: A total of 813 patients were admitted in ICU over a period of one year (2074 B.S.) of which 199 (24.48 %) were neurosurgical cases. Among these 170 (85.42%) cases were post-surgical, with 29 (14.58%) being preoperative patients. One hundred forty nine patients (74.9%) were on mechanical ventilation. One hundred and thirty two (66.3%) patients improved and were transferred to a step down ward. Forty-three (22.5%) died in the intensive care unit, 14 (7.03%) left the hospital against medical advice and 9 (4.5%) patients expired after withdrawal of life support.Conclusions: Despite improved care over the recent years the mortality and morbidity of neurosurgical patients is high.
Nepal Scale up Chlorhexidine as Part of Essential Newborn Care: Country Experience
Authors: Lamichhane Bikash , Khanal Leela , Shrestha Parashu Ram , Dawson Penny , Singh Samikshya
Published: November 2018

Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic, effective on gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as some viruses, having strong skin binding effect. Randomized controlled trials conducted in South Asian countries have proven that the use of chlorhexidine (4% weight/weight) for cord care can reduce neonatal mortality and prevent severe cord infections. Between 2011 and 2017, Nepal completed nationwide scale-up of the use of chlorhexidine by integrating with ongoing maternal and neonatal health programs, under the leadership of the Child Health Division. The chlorhexidine coverage and compliance study (2017) has revealed that the country has achieved 59% coverage of the intervention to date, with lowest use among home births. The strategy should be further strengthened to ensure that every newborn in need is reached with chlorhexidine.
Good Quality Research in Sepsis: A Need of Low and Middle-income Countries
Authors: Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Acharya Pragya , Bajracharya Tamanna
Published: November 2018

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Relationship Between the Level of Community Knowledge About Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Larvae of Aedes aegypti Examination in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rambe Ismatul Fauziah , Andina Meizly , Nurfadly -
Published: November 2018

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is one of the major public health problems in the world. This disease that is transmitted through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is classified as dangerous because it can cause dengue shock syndrome. Its spread can attack anyone, anywhere and can be several people at the same time resulting in this disease has a fairly high incidence rate, especially in tropical climates such as Indonesia. The most effective prevention is breaking the chain of transmission of DHF. This termination is done by preventing larvae found in their breeding places from developing into adult mosquitoes.Objective: to determine the relationship of the level of public knowledge about Dengue Hemorrhagic Syndrome (DHF) with the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia.Materials and Methods: This is a crosssectional analytic study used quota sampling method with a total of 78 samples.Results and Discussion: this study shows that the highest level of knowledge from respondents is enough as many as 38 people (48.7%). The houses that were found to have positive larvae containers were 26 houses (33.3%) and the most were located outside the house were 15 (19.2%). Chi-square results showed P-value = 0.984.Conclusion: There is no correlation between the levels of community knowledge about DHF with the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 19-22
Cortical Blindness in Eclampsia
Authors: Singal Kiran Kumar , Singal Neerja , Gupta Sunita , Mahendru Rajiv , Mishra Neha , Bansal Aanchal
Published: November 2018

Visual disturbances are common with severe preeclampsia, however, blindness either alone or with convulsions is uncommon. Most women with varying degree of amaurosis are found to have radiographic evidence of extensive occipital lobe hypodensities.In this case report, we present the clinical course of a women in whom preeclampsia was further complicated by blindness.These were managed by standard pre eclampsia- eclampsia regimen used at our hospital which includes Diazepam /Phenytoin/Magnesium sulphate, therapy to control seizures, inj. labetelol to lower elevated blood pressure,intravenous fluid restriction and termination of pregnancy. Abnormal findings in these women were seen by magnetic resonance imaging technique. MRI demonstrated hyperdense lesion in both tempoparietal and occipital regions on T1W sequence.Total blindness persisted for 72 hrs and vision statrted improving and at the time of discharge vision improved significantly, however there was not much difference was seen on MRI.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 26-28
Small Bowel Obstruction due to Meckel’s Diverticulum: A Case Report
Authors: Beiranvand Mania , Mohammadirokh Morteza , Khodadadi Babak
Published: November 2018

Background: Meckel Diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal malformation, which is 40% of cases have symptoms of intestinal obstruction. The prevalence of this disorder is between 1% and 4% of the population and the possibility of its occurring in men is twice that women. Most of Meckel diverticulums are asymptomatic so it is difficult to diagnose properly the Meckel diverticulum before surgery it may not be detectable because of other intra-abdominal complications such as appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or other causes of small bowel obstruction,Case Report: The patient was a 28-year-old man who had abdominal pain with repeated vomiting two days earlier. In abdominal and pelvic CT scans, the dilatation of small bowel loops with screw loops around the arterial origin and upper mesenteric vein and the mesenteric root has been reported. Due to the lack of clinical improvement, the patient was transferred to the operating room for laparotomy. In the operating room, a large adhesive band of about 60 cm of the ileocecal valve was released, and the broad and inflamed diverticulitis was removed at a base of about 2 to 2.5 cm.Conclusion: Detecting Meckel’s diverticulum with no sign from normal colon using a CT scan is difficult, but laparoscopy as a useful tool in the diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum has been reported. The care standard of Meckel’s diverticulum is a surgical procedure for the removal of complications. Surgical methods used include simple diverticulectomy or removing part of the ileum that diverticulum is located. For proper diagnosis especially in patients with unusual symptoms, It is necessary that the symptoms of diverticulum are consideredInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 32-36
Takayasu Arteritis Presenting As Congestive Cardiac Failure
Authors: Singal Kiran Kumar , Talwar Tejinder , Tanwar Laxmikant , Singh Soumya , Depali - , Veer Bharat
Published: November 2018

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that usualy affects the aorta, its primary branches and occasionaly the pulmonary and coronary arteries. The clinical manifestations vary considerably and are typicaly caused by limb or organ ischemia illness and fever. Occasionally, dyspnea and pedal edema can be the sole primary presentation of Takayasu’s arteritis.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 37-39
The battle against bedroom boredom: Development and validation of a brief measure of sexual novelty in relationships
Authors: Matthews Sarah J. , Giuliano Traci A. , Rosa Marissa N. , Thomas Kayleigh H. , Swift Brooke A. , Ahearn Nicki D. , Garcia Aaron G. , Smith Skylar R. , Niblett Casey M. , Mills Mattie M.
Published: November 2018

As a crucial component to preventing sexual boredom and maintaining sexual and relationship satisfaction, sexual novelty is a relational characteristic that warrants considerable empirical attention; however, there is relatively little research on the role that sexual novelty plays in long-term, committed relationships. As such, we developed a brief, reliable measure of sexual novelty to stimulate additional research in this area. Participants consisted of 518 U.S. citizens in committed relationships of 6 months or longer who were recruited online through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete surveys assessing “sexual relationships.” Across two samples, the unidimensional Sexual Novelty Scale (SNS) demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent and divergent validity. Our results indicate that the 5-item Sexual Novelty Scale is a brief, reliable, and valid measure of the extent to which partners in committed romantic relationships engage in sexually novel behaviour.
Air pollution by nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city
Authors: Shevchenko O. , Snizhko S. , Danilova N.
Published: November 2018

In the article main nitrogen dioxide emissions sources in a big cities was analysed. Shown the temporal dynamics of average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city for time period 1985 - 2012, analyzed concentration of this pollutant in different part of the city and frequency of cases of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) exceeding. The highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide observed in the central part of the city in some months the warm season. The frequency of cases exceeding of MAC in the air usually exceeds 50% and in the warm season 2012 average concentration of  NO2 in the air has been very high and frequency of exceeding of MAC reached 100% in almost all monitoring stations. Studies show that in the warm season in the air of Kyiv regularly observed abnormally high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which is a precursor of photochemical smog, and under favorable meteorological conditions will result in the formation of this negative phenomenon in the atmosphere of the city.
Towards theoretical modeling of the sand dunes motion
Authors: Gerasymov O.I. , Andrianova I.S.
Published: November 2018

The transport of sand by wind is a potent erosion force, creates sand dunes and ripples, and loads the atmosphere with suspended dust aerosols. This article presents a short review of the physics of wind-driven sand. Specifically, we review the physics of saltation, the formation and development of sand dunes and ripples. We also discuss some classes of the governing equations which describe the physics of wind-driven sand and dune formation. We describe selected types of dunes and conditions under which they occur, and also some features of dunes as well as processes that they are involved in. We show that the normalized dunes height collapses using a simple product of the Froude and Reynolds numbers. This would obscure the effects of frictional dissipation, which clearly plays an important role in all mentioned upper process. Ignoring friction, one can construct a simple energy balance between the kinetic energy of the impacting and the potential energy of the dunes, where we assume the dunes thickness is proportional to ds. This produces the following scaling. In other words, was one to increase the grain diameter ds by a factor of 10 ~ i.e., reduce Re by 100! for the same impact conditions, then the frictionless flow would predict a 10-fold reduction in , whereas the experiments suggest a 100-fold reduction. This shows clearly that viscous forces play a role in the granular dunes formation (and their relevant dynamics), as well as gravity and inertia.

These circumstances move us to conclude   the vide range of (non-dissipative) hydrodynamic approaches to describe dunes formation and their dynamics just as a robust model approaches.
Review of fundamental nuclear-geophysical researches in OSENU: i. standard beta decay theory elements and new cooperative electron-β-nuclear spectroscopy
Authors: Glushkov A.V.
Published: November 2018

This paper opens a series of publications, devoted to review of new results of the original nuclear-geophysical researches at the OSENU mathematics department and its laboratories (computational and quantum mathematics and mechanics, environmental radioactivity, nuclear geophysics). Primarily the first material will focus on fundamental issues that constitute the theoretical basis of the further applied nuclear-geophysical research. It is shortly presented a modern approach to computing the key parameters of the beta decay processes. There are discussed the cooperative electron β-nuclear processes in atoms and molecules, including the excitation, ionization, electronic rearrangement, induced by the nuclear reactions and β-decay. A few factors are taken into account: changing the integration limits in the Fermi function integral, energy corrections for different chemical substances, and the possibility of the bound β-decay or other exotic decay channels.
New geography-mathematic approaches in the tasks of design of distribution of harmful admixtures in an atmosphere
Authors: Bunyakova Yu.Ya.
Published: November 2018

It is presented a qualitative overview of the new conceptual approaches, which are based on the provisions of the chaos theory, dynamical systems theory, fractal geometry, analysis of  Lyapunov exponents, and others, to problems of modeling the propagation of pollution impurities in the atmosphere of industrial cities and predicting the evolutionary dynamics. We summarize the main ideas of these approaches with emphasis on the analysis of time series of concentrations of pollution impurities in the atmosphere, as well as an analysis that shows that the chaotic regime of the time evolution of the characteristics of deterministic dynamical systems, in particular, the application of ecological systems is, in fact, a non-linear phenomenon which in principle can not be described on the basis of the classical linear regular-dynamic models.
Meteorological service for civil defense tasks
Authors: Kovylin G.D. , Bernikov I.S. , Vasilishin V.N.
Published: November 2018

The place and role of meteorological service for solving problems of population protection against the impact of natural disasters, technological accidents and modern means of destruction (fires, explosions, and terrorist actions) are considered. The shortcomings of the calculation technique and the radar method considered for computing of average wind and explosion (nuclear object accident) power are shown. The ways for solving this problem are developed. The importance and relevance of solving problems related to meteorological service for headquarters of the Civil Defense and the Ministry of Emergency Situations are emphasized, including the necessity of problem solving due to implementation of automatical data computation for meteorological service, development and installation of  high-speed meteorological data processing facilities. Proposals to improve the collection, processing and analysis of meteorological and upper-air data required for prediction and assessment of radiation and biological (bacteriological) environment in order to protect the population and the troops are presented.
Modelling greenhouse gas emission from organic soils (PEAT-GHG-model)
Authors: Polevoy A.N. , Mykytiuk A.Yu.
Published: November 2018

It is considered that the organic substance of plant residues as well as one of the soil are subdivided into two active compartments and an inert compartment: resistant plant material - RPM, decomposition plant material - DPM, inert organic material - IOM are distinguished, as well as pools of microbiological biomass, BIO, and humus, HUM. All major processes of C and N turnover are included in a model; their intensity is described by a first-order equation. CO2 and CH4 emission under decomposition is studied. Main processes of nitrogen form transformation are simulated under the influence of environmental factors: ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, immobilization, nitrogen absorption by the plant rootage, carry-over of nitrates outside the soil layer of 0 - 50 cm during moisture infiltration, N2O emission under nitrification and denitrification.
Development of calculated and normative framework in the field of maximum runoff of rain and spring flood: problems and possible solutions
Authors: Gopchenko E.D. , Romanchuk M.E. , Ovcharuk V.A.
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the problematic issues  related to the definition of the design characteristics of the maximum runoff of rain and spring floods the  rare  probability of exceedance in the case absence of direct observations for hydrological regime of rivers. A brief review of foreign and domestic methods to determine the maximum runoff of the rivers is discussed. A new calculated and normative framework based on the theory of channel isochronous with using geometric model of  slope and streamflow hydrographs are proposed. The formulas proposed  by the authors is recommended for practical use, as a supplement to a new regulatory document, which is being developed in Ukraine.
Wavelet and multifractal analysis of the nonlinear structures in chaotic processes for hydroecological systems
Authors: Serbov N.G. , Khetselius O. Yu. , Svinarenko A.A. , Grushevsky O.N.
Published: November 2018

This paper goes on our investigations of the fractal structures in the chaotic and turbulent processes and connected with a great importance the experimental and theoretical studying of the non-linear dynamical systems with aim to discover the fractal features and elements of dynamical chaos. In this paper on the basis of wavelet analysis and multifractal formalism it is carried out an analysis of fractal structures in the chaotic processes (the time series of the nitrates concentrations in the Small Carpathians river’s watersheds Svidnik-Ondrava in the Earthen Slovakia) and the spectrum of the fractal dimensions has been computed. It is carried out numerical modelling and fulfilled a comparison of theoretical data with the earlier received estimates on the basis of other fractal formalism algorithm.
Water balance systems of lakes Yalpuh – Kugurluy (in the period 2006-2014 yy.)
Authors: Gopchenko E.D. , Medvedєva J.S. , Makedonskay J.A.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Violation of natural water exchange in the lake Yalpug - Kugurluy led to the deterioration of water quality in lakes and their shoaling and silting of lakes and overgrown with reeds.

Purpose. Water system study mode lakes Yalpug - Kugurluy based on water balance equation and the definition and analysis components of the water balance equation system oz.Yalpuh - Kugurluy. Based on this analysis needs to develop to offer optimal functioning oz.Yalpuh - Kugurluy, in terms of its tiered and hydrochemical regimes as well as perform mathematical modeling of reservoir operation in different administrative actions.

Methods. The article used the methods of analysis in theory, the method of water balance.

Results. Established that the greatest impact on the water regime of lakes in incoming parts are precipitation, the expenditure - the evaporation from the water surface of lakes and water exchange мagee system of lakes Yalpug - Kugurluy and Danube river.

Conclusion. It should be a more detailed investigation of the water regime of lakes, the adoption of recommendations for the improvement of water exchange in lakes as well as improve the quality of water for agricultural purposes.
Modelling and forecasting the hydroecological systems pollution dynamics by using a chaos theory methods: II. advanced chaos data on pollution of the Small Carpathians river’s watersheds
Authors: Glushkov A.V. , Khetselius O.Yu. , Serbov N.G. , Bunyakova Yu.Ya. , Buyadzhi V.V. , Solyanikova E.P.
Published: November 2018

This paper goes on our advanced quantitative studying results of a pollution dynamics for variations hydroecological systems, namely, the nitrates etc concentrations dynamics for a number of the Small Carpathians river’s watersheds in the Eastern Slovakia. The different methods and algorithms of the chaos theory (chaos-geometric approach) and dynamical systems theory have been used in the advanced versions. New more exact data on chaotic behaviour of the nitrates concentration time series in the watersheds of the Small Carpathians are presented. In previous paper [1] to reconstruct the corresponding attractor, the time delay and embedding dimension have been needed and computed. The parameters are determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information. Besides, there are used the advanced versions of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. The Fourier spectrum of the con-centration of nitrates in the water catchment area Ondava: Stropkov for the period 1969-1996 is listed. Here we present new advanced data on the correlation dimension (d2), embedding dimension (dE), Kaplan-Yorke dimension (dL), average limit of predictability (Prmax) and parameter K for the nitrates concentrations in the watersheds of the Small Carpathians.
Estimation of the influence of water exchange with the sea conditions on the water level and salinity variability in the Tyligulskyi Liman lagoon
Authors: Tuchkovenko Yu. S. , Kushnir D. V. , Loboda N. S.
Published: November 2018

The potentialities of averting a further salinization of the Tyligulskyi Liman lagoon were identified on the basis of the results of the hydrodynamic modelling, using the numerical model Delft3D-FLOW. The means to prevent the salinization in the lagoon include a reconstruction of the “lagoon-sea” interconnecting channel and the changing of its operational schedule, as well as the increasing of the river inflow considering the climatic conditions of the first half of the XXI century. The results of the verification of the hydrodynamic model are given. It is shown that for stabilizing water levels and reducing the rate of the water salinity in the lagoon the most effective option is the year-round operation of the deepened “lagoon-sea” connecting channel. This will be facilitated by a multi-directional exchange of water through the channel caused by wind-induced water level oscillations in the lagoon and in the sea. However, while maintaining the current level of the water management activity in the catchment area of the lagoon, a long-term trend of increasing water salinity in the lagoon still remains. Only the restoration of natural river discharge into the lagoon could reduce the tendency of growing water salinity to a minimum.
Soil quality assessment based on reaction of soil solution and content of heavy metals in the southern part of Odessa Region
Authors: Lyashenko G.V. , Prykup L.A.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Land resources suffer from serious anthropogenic influence which negatively influences soil covering. It’s necessary to obtain reliable information about condition of soil to provide rational land using.

Purpose. The objective of this research consists in assessment of quality of soil in the southern part of Odessa Region based on reaction of soil solution and content of heavy metals.

Methods. Assessment of quality of soil covering is carried out on the basis of the established classification of reactions of soil covering and the comparative characteristic of content of heavy metals in soil with indication of maximum permissible concentration of these metals.

Results. Within the territory of the southern part of Odessa Region soils with weakly alkaline and alkaline reactions of soil solution prevail. The areas of soils with neutral reaction don't exceed 23% of the total area of Tatarbunary district. Content of heavy metals is observed in soils of all regions of the southern part of Odessa region.

Conclusion. In order to transfer heavy metals to slow-moving forms liming of soils is carried out with regard to sour soils and gypsuming – with regard to alkaline ones. It is possible to achieve the same purpose through using phosphoric and organic fertilizers. After formation of complexes heavy metals become less mobile and get to vegetation in smaller quantities. It is also possible to reduce intake of heavy metals by vegetation through adding organic ion-exchange substances in soils. Termination of agricultural activity is recommended with respect to the territories where rate of heavy metals’ pollution of air, water, soil and vegetation reaches the level that is critical for human health, and where the system of modern protective methods is no more effective.
Peculiarities of homogeneous areas distribution within the fields of hydrometeorological characteristics in the Northern Pacific during the cold season
Authors: Serga E.N.
Published: November 2018

In order to investigate horizontal distribution of hydro-meteorological characteristics, statistical analysis techniques, including multidimensional statistical analysis techniques (for example, factor, cluster analysis etc.) are usually applied. These techniques allow obtaining not only fields of particular characteristic by means of plotting appropriate isolines, but determining entire homogeneous areas with typical representative point which helps to compress information considerably and to reveal boundaries of distribution of certain characteristic within the entire spatial aggregation.

Schemes of zoning of fields of difference for monthly average temperatures “underlying surface-air” at 2 m height, of surface flows of latent heat, of zonal aspects of wind speed in the Northern Pacific obtained by means of the Universal Iterative Method of Data Clusterization are offered. The obtained clusterization schemes underwent both physical and statistical analyses having good scientific justification. It is shown that distribution of zonal aspect of wind speed has latitudinal direction, and distribution of flows of latent heat and temperature differences has mainly a focal nature. Analysis of variability of boundaries of homogeneous areas, average values of representative vectors, dispersions, mean-square deviations during future time intervals will allow identifying the specific features of climate variability through the example of the fields of hydrometeorological characteristics under study.
Evaluation of climate change influence on agroclimatic conditions of sunflower growing in Ukraine
Authors: Zhygailo О.L. , Zhygailo T.S.
Published: November 2018

The problem of climate change and global warming both in whole and in particular has become one of the most serious and urgent directions of scientific and technical activity at the present stage. The future food security of Ukraine depends on the effectiveness of adaptation of agriculture to new conditions dictated by the global anthropogenic warming. In order to evaluate possible impact of climate change in Ukraine on agroclimatic indicators the scenario A1B - "moderate" was used providing a balance between all energy sources. Researches of sunflower harvest formation are carried out using a dynamic model of agricultural crops productivity. For a comparative analysis of scenary meteorological variables with previous data the period from 1986 to 2005 is taken from agroclimatic directory of Ukraine. It serves as a base when performing calculations. According to calculations of A1B climate change scenario, periods of sowing and subsequent phases of development will occur earlier than at present, which will lead to reduction of the whole vegetation period at most parts of the area under study. As a result of comparative analysis of temperature and precipitation regime it was found that, subject to implementation of the climate change scenario under study, expected weather conditions will be more favourable for cultivation of sun-flower in the Western and Central forest-steppe, as well as at the Right-Bank Ukraine and in the Donetsk sub-zone of Northern steppe of Ukraine.
Development of general structure of atmosphere radiosounding system in Ukraine
Authors: Velmiskin D. I. , Limonov A. S. , Lavrinenko U. V. , Pustovit T. M. , Buchinskaya I. V.
Published: November 2018

Obtaining accurate and timely information about the state of the atmosphere is an important requirement for making synoptic, aviation and other forecasts needed in many areas of human activity. One of the main fundamental types of meteorological measurements are aerological measurements produced in the free atmosphere. Among them the most important and significant place is occupied by radio sounding of the atmosphere carried out using upper-air radiosondes elevated in the free atmosphere by a gas-filled casing. The article analyzes the existing system of radiosounding of the Ukrainian atmosphere, determines its drawbacks, highlights demands that meet international standards. The structure of the atmosphere radiosounding system using GPS and GLONASS radionavigation system was also proposed. The authors offer specific technical solutions for the most important elements of the system on the basis of modern information technologies.
The digitizing algorithm for precipitation in the atmosphere on the base of radar measurements
Authors: Palamarchuk Yu. O. , Ivanov S. V. , Ruban I. G.
Published: November 2018

There is an increasing demand for automated high-quality very-short-range forecasts and nowcasts of precipitation on small scales and at high update frequencies. Current prediction systems use different methods of determining precipitation such as area tracking, individual cell tracking and numerical models. All approaches are based on radar measurements. World-leading manufactories of meteorological radars and attendant visualization software are introduced in the paper. Advantages of the numerical modelling against inertial schemes designed on statistical characteristics of convective processes are outlined. On this way, radar data assimilation systems as a necessary part of numerical models are intensively developed. In response to it, the use of digital formats for processing of radar measurements in numerical algorithms became important. In the focus of this work is the developing of a unified code for digital processing of radar signals at the preprocessing, filtration, assimilation and numerical integration steps. The proposed code also includes thinning, screening or superobbing radar data before exploring them for the assimilation procedures. The informational model manages radar data flows in the metadata and binary array forms. The model constitutes an official second-generation European standard exchange format for weather radar datasets from different manufactories. Results of radar measurement processing are presented for both, the single radar and radar overlying network.