bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal adverse events of immunotherapy
Authors: Cappello Giovanni , Molea Francesca , Campanella Delia , Galioto Francesca , Russo Filippo , Regge Daniele
Published: October 2021

Cancer immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has emerged as an effective treatment for different types of cancer. ICIs are monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the signaling pathway that suppress antitumor T-cell activity. Patients benefit from increased overall and progression-free survival, but the enhancement of normal immunity can result in autoimmune manifestations, called immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), which may lead to a discontinuation of cancer therapy and to severe also life-threating events. IRAEs may affect any organs or system in the human body, being the gastrointestinal (GI) tract one of the most involved districts. Imaging plays an important role in recognizing GI IRAEs and radiologist should be familiar with the main spectrum of radiological appearance. Indeed, early detection of GI IRAEs is crucial for proper patient management and reduces morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to present the most relevant imaging manifestation of GI IRAEs.
Knowledge discovery from academic publications
Authors: Λαγόπουλος Αθανάσιος
Published: October 2021

Αυτή η διατριβή παρουσιάζει πρωτότυπη έρευνα στους τομείς των επιστημών της πληροφορικής και της βιβλιοθηκονομίας, και συγκεκριμένα στον τομέα της ανακάλυψης γνώσης από ακαδημαϊκές δημοσιεύσεις. Η ανακάλυψη γνώσης από ακαδημαϊκές δημοσιεύσεις συγκεντρώνει πολλαπλά ερωτήματα από διαφορετικά ερευνητικά πεδία, όπως ανάκτηση πληροφοριών, μηχανική μάθηση και επεξεργασία φυσικής γλώσσας, και στοχεύει στην κατανόηση, προώθηση και χρήση του δημοσιευμένου επιστημονικού υλικού για την αποτελεσματικότερη αντιμετώπιση των προβλημάτων της κοινωνίας μας. Τα προϊόντα αυτού του ερευνητικού πεδίου είναι νέοι αλγόριθμοι και μέθοδοι που διερευνούν, αναλύουν και χρησιμοποιούν τις πληροφορίες που βρίσκονται στις επιστημονικές δημοσιεύσεις πιο αποτελεσματικά, γρηγορότερα και με ευκολία. Η συμβολή μας αφορά την ανακάλυψη γνώσης από ακαδημαϊκές εκδόσεις σε τέσσερις διαφορετικά προβλήματα: ανάκτηση ολικής ανάκλησης, σημασιολογική δεικτοδότηση, πρόσβαση σε βιβλιογραφικές πηγές και ανάλυση αυτό-παραπομπών. Τα κοινά στοιχεία σε αυτές τις εργασίες είναι η χρήση ακατέργαστων δεδομένων που προέρχονται από δημοσιεύσεις και η ανάπτυξη νέων μεθόδων μηχανικής μάθησης. Ο τομέας εφαρμογής της διατριβής είναι οι ακαδημαϊκές δημοσιεύσεις αλλά οι μέθοδοι που αναπτύχθηκαν μπορούν εύκολα να εφαρμοστούν σε άλλα πεδία όπου τα έγγραφα κειμένου είναι η κύρια πηγή δεδομένων. Πρώτον, παρουσιάζουμε μια νέα προσέγγιση για την αξιολόγηση εγγράφων που στοχεύει να βοηθήσει τους ερευνητές να δημιουργήσουν συστηματικές βιβλιογραφικές ανασκοπήσεις. Η προσέγγισή μας ανακτά και κατατάσσει αποτελεσματικά έγγραφα με βάση ένα ερώτημα, χρησιμοποιώντας τεχνικές learning-to-rank μαζί με μια επαναληπτική μέθοδο ανατροφοδότησης. Δεύτερον, παρουσιάζουμε μια προσέγγιση πολλαπλών ετικετών για την ταξινόμηση βιοϊατρικών εικόνων. Αυτή η μέθοδος δεν χρησιμοποιεί έναν αλγόριθμο διαχωρισμού εικόνων και χρησιμοποιεί οπτικά χαρακτηριστικά καθώς και χαρακτηριστικά κειμένου. Τρίτον, προτείνουμε μια καινοτόμο προσέγγιση εντοπισμού ρομπότ του διαδικτύου που λαμβάνει υπόψη το περιεχόμενο ενός ιστότοπου. Η κύρια συνεισφορά μας είναι μια νέα αναπαράσταση για διαδικτυακές συνεδρίες, βασισμένη στο LDA, που ποσοτικοποιεί τη σημασιολογική διακύμανση του περιεχομένου ιστού μιας συνεδρίας. Τέλος, παρουσιάζουμε έναν νέο τρόπο ανίχνευσης δυνητικά μη θεμιτών αυτό-παραπομπών με βάση τη σημασιολογική ομοιότητα μιας εργασίας και των παραπομπών αυτής. Παρουσιάζουμε τη βαθμολογία ReLy, η οποία βασίζεται σε sentence embeddings και ποσοτικοποιεί τη σημασιολογική ομοιότητα άρθρου-παραπομπής. Όλες οι παραπάνω προσεγγίσεις αξιολογούνται και συγκρίνονται με αντίστοιχες κορυφαίες μεθόδους, σε πολλαπλές πειραματικές ρυθμίσεις και με δεδομένα που προέρχονται από τον πραγματικό κόσμο. Τα αποτελέσματα καταδεικνύουν σημαντικές βελτιώσεις ή νέα ευρήματα σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις και δημοσιεύουμε, σε πολλές περιπτώσεις, τα σύνολα δεδομένων που χρησιμοποιούνται για ενθάρρυνση της διαφάνειας και της μελλοντικής έρευνας.
Narcolepsy in Parkinson's disease with insulin resistance
Authors: Chunduri Alisha , Crusio Wim E. , Delprato Anna
Published: October 2021

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by its progression of motor-related symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking and balance. Comorbid conditions in PD individuals include insulin resistance (IR) and narcolepsy-like sleep patterns. The intersecting sleep symptoms of both conditions include excessive daytime sleepiness, hallucinations, insomnia, and falling into REM sleep more quickly than an average person. Understanding of the biological basis and relationship of these comorbid disorders with PD may help with early detection and intervention strategies to improve quality of life.

Methods: In this study, an integrative genomics and systems biology approach was used to analyze gene expression patterns associated with PD, IR, and narcolepsy in order to identify genes and pathways that may shed light on how these disorders are interrelated. A correlation analysis with known genes associated with these disorders (LRRK2, HLA-DQB1, and HCRT) was used to query microarray data corresponding to brain regions known to be involved in PD and narcolepsy. This includes the hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus, pons, and subcoeruleus nucleus. Risk factor genes for PD, IR, and narcolepsy were also incorporated into the analysis.

Results: The PD and narcolepsy signaling networks are connected through insulin and immune system pathways. Important genes and pathways that link PD, narcolepsy, and IR are CACNA1C, CAMK1D, BHLHE41, HMGB1, and AGE-RAGE.

Conclusions: We have identified the genetic signatures that link PD with its comorbid disorders, narcolepsy and insulin resistance, from the convergence and intersection of dopaminergic, insulin, and immune system related signaling pathways. These findings may aid in the design of early intervention strategies and treatment regimes for non-motor symptoms in PD patients as well as individuals with diabetes and narcolepsy.
Evaluation and Medical Management of the Pediatric Patient With Orbital Cellulitis/Abscess: A Systematic Review
Authors: Burek Alina G , Melamed Svetlana , Liljestrom Tracey , Qi Jing , Kelly Teresa G , Suelzer Elizabeth , Mitchell Michelle , Harris Gerald J , Havens Peter L
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Pediatric orbital cellulitis/abscess (OCA) can lead to vision loss, intracranial extension of infection, or cavernous thrombosis if not treated promptly. No widely recognized guidelines exist for the medical management of OCA. The objective of this review was to summarize existing evidence regarding the role of inflammatory markers in distinguishing disease severity and need for surgery; the role of imaging in OCA evaluation; and the microbiology of OCA over the past 2 decades.

METHODS

This review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), most recently on February 9, 2021.

RESULTS

A total of 63 studies were included. Most were descriptive and assessed to have poor quality with high risk of bias. The existing publications evaluating inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of OCA have inconsistent results. Computed tomography imaging remains the modality of choice for evaluating orbital infection. The most common organisms recovered from intraoperative cultures are Streptococcus species (Streptococcus anginosus group, group A Streptococcus, and pneumococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin‐resistant S aureus in culture‐positive cases had a median prevalence of 3% (interquartile range, 0%‐13%).

CONCLUSION

This systematic review summarizes existing literature concerning inflammatory markers, imaging, and microbiology for OCA evaluation and management. High‐quality evidence is still needed to define the optimal medical management of OCA.
Nuevas consideraciones acerca de la Virgen de la Expectación de Castilleja de la Cuesta, una obra encargada por los condes duques de Olivares.
Authors: Ortega Jiménez José Manuel
Published: October 2021

En 1625 los condes de Olivares encargaron una talla de la Virgen de la Expectación con ocasión del embarazo de su hija María de Guzmán. Esta imagen, de madera policromada y actualmente en la iglesia de Santiago de Castilleja de la Cuesta, fue destinada, en origen, al convento franciscano de los nobles en su villa condal de Olivares (Sevilla). Algunas de sus características, de gran calidad técnica, la aproximan a los modelos cortesanos de la época. En este artículo, a partir del actual estado de la cuestión, planteamos el nombre de Manuel Pereira como posible autor de la Virgen de la Expectación, un escultor establecido en la Corte que trabajó para importantes nobles de la época, incluyendo los propios Condes Duques.
De Osuna a Granada. Historia constructiva y realidad del órgano de la colegiata de Santa María de la Encarnación de Ronda (1707-1710).
Authors: Ramírez González Sergio
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo aborda el proceso constructivo del órgano realizado a principios del siglo XVIII para el coro de la colegiata de Santa María de la Encarnación de Ronda (Málaga). Una iniciativa que partió del legado económico dejado para tal fin en su testamento por el beneficiado Francisco Martel, cuyo proyecto inició el maestro organero de Osuna Diego Soriano y finalizó el de Granada Juan Félix Marzián, con la participación en la caja de entalladores rondeños. Se trata del órgano más antiguo de la provincia de Málaga y su historia resultará esencial para entender la hechura de la sillería coral llevada a cabo dos décadas después.
Shaping the future of the sector
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: October 2021

The work that early years practitioners do stems from, and continues to shape, their own values and identities. Adam Marycz discusses how his values weave into his day-to-day work with children and the early years sector.
Patellar management during total knee arthroplasty: a review
Authors: McConaghy Kara , Derr Tabitha , Molloy Robert M. , Klika Alison K. , Kurtz Steven , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: October 2021

The optimal management of the patella during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial and surgeons tend to approach the patella with one of three general mindsets: always resurface the patella, never resurface the patella, or selectively resurface the patella based on specific patient or patellar criteria. Studies comparing resurfacing and non-resurfacing of the patella during TKA have reported inconsistent and contradictory findings. When resurfacing the patella is chosen, there are a number of available patellar component designs, materials, and techniques for cutting and fixation. When patellar non-resurfacing is chosen, several alternatives are available, including patellar denervation, lateral retinacular release, and patelloplasty. Surgeons may choose to perform any of these alone, or together in some combination. Prospective randomized studies are needed to better understand which patellar management techniques contribute to superior postoperative outcomes. Until then, this remains a controversial topic, and options for patellar management will need to be weighed on an individual basis per patient.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:861-871. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200156
Nickel hypersensitivity and skin patch testing in total hip replacement surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Bogdanova-Bennett Anna , Sagi Amit , Asopa Vipin , Field Richard E. , Sochart David H.
Published: October 2021

Approximately 60,000 cemented femoral stems are implanted in the UK each year with the majority being manufactured from stainless steel containing 10–15% nickel. Nickel hypersensitivity has been reported in up to 13% of the general population and there is a concern that nickel hypersensitivity might adversely affect the outcome of total hip replacement (THR). We reviewed the current literature on the potential link between nickel hypersensitivity and THR complications, and the usefulness of patch testing. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The level of evidence and the quality of the selected studies were assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Criteria and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies tool, respectively. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 1852 patients who underwent primary or revision THR. All studies detailed skin patch testing and recorded prevalence of nickel hypersensitivity from 1.5% to 33.3%. Five studies reported a rise in Nickel hypersensitivity following THR, while four reported a decreased prevalence post-operatively. Eight studies concluded that metal hypersensitivity could have developed following THR, while seven studies did not support a link between metal hypersensitivity and THR complications. Four of the studies recommended routine patch testing pre-operatively, but three others concluded that routine patch testing was not indicated. We have not identified a link between nickel hypersensitivity and THR complications, and the role of patch testing remains unclear. Further large-scale studies would be required to investigate this relationship and to clarify the role of patch testing in facilitating implant selection.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:825-838. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210051
Restarting elective orthopaedic surgery as COVID-19 lockdown restrictions are reduced
Authors: Wignadasan Warran , Mohamed Abdulrahman , Kayani Babar , Magan Ahmed , Plastow Ricci , Haddad Fares S.
Published: October 2021

Aims

The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected elective orthopaedic services globally as routine orthopaedic activity was largely halted to combat this global threat. Our institution (University College London Hospital, UK) previously showed that during the first peak, a large proportion of patients were hesitant to be listed for their elective lower limb procedure. The aim of this study is to assess if there is a patient perception change towards having elective surgery now that we have passed the peak of the second wave of the pandemic.

Methods

This is a prospective study of 100 patients who were on the waiting list of a single surgeon for an elective hip or knee procedure. Baseline characteristics including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, COVID-19 risk, procedure type, and admission type were recorded. The primary outcome was patient consent to continue with their scheduled surgical procedure. Subgroup analysis was also conducted to define if any specific patient factors influenced decision to continue with surgery

Results

Overall, 88 patients (88%) were happy to continue with their scheduled procedure at the earliest opportunity. Patients with an ASA grade I were most likely to agree to surgery, followed by patients with ASA grades II, then those with grade III (93.3%, 88.7%, and 78.6% willingness, respectively). Patients waitlisted for an injection were least likely to consent to surgery, with just 73.7% agreeing. In all, there was a large increase in the proportion of patient willingness to continue with surgery compared to our initial study during the first wave of the pandemic.

Conclusion

As COVID-19 lockdown restrictions are lifted after the second peak of the pandemic, we are seeing greater willingness to continue with scheduled orthopaedic surgery, reinforcing a change in patient perception towards having elective surgery. However, we must continue with strict COVID-19 precautions in order to minimize viral transmission as we increase our elective orthopaedic services going forward. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(10):865–870.
Better than average? Parental competence beliefs and socioeconomic background
Authors: Barg Katherin , Baker William
Published: October 2021

This article investigates the extent to which parents believe they are better than average parents using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. The article builds on a long tradition of sociological research focusing on the interconnections between parenting, class, education and inequality. We find that mothers with low levels of education are more likely to say they are average or worse than average parents. Relatedly, we show that those who are highly educated are more likely to consider themselves as being better than average, even when a range of child and mother characteristics such as mother’s mental health and child’s cognitive and socio-emotional development are considered. These findings are linked to research showing how certain groups of parents are stigmatised or valorised in popular and political discourse. Our article also extends scholarship by examining the connection between parental mental health and parental competence beliefs.
‘It is important that my kids see us all spending time together and that we do spend time together’: Pacific mothers and fathers displaying post-separation family connections
Authors: Keil Moeata , Elizabeth Vivienne
Published: October 2021

In this article, we draw on Finch’s (2007) concept of family display to examine how collectivist understandings of family intersect with gender to shape mothers’ and fathers’ post-separation displays of family life. Drawing on interviews with fifteen separated Pacific parents (ten mothers and five fathers), we explore how mothers and fathers navigate how, when, with and for whom they display family relationships and family life following separation. In pursuing this inquiry, we pay particular attention to how family imaginaries and norms in Pacific cultures affect participants’ post-separation family displays. We found gender differences among our participants, with mothers displaying post-separation family connections in child-centred and collectivist ways, while the post-separation family displays by fathers were child-related and more individualistic.
Simultaneous scattering compensation at multiple points in multi-photon microscopy
Authors: May Molly A. , Kummer Kai K. , Edenhofer Marie-Luise , Choconta Jeiny Luna , Kress Michaela , Ritsch-Marte Monika , Jesacher Alexander
Published: October 2021

The two-photon fluorescence imaging depth has been significantly improved in recent years by compensating for tissue scattering with wavefront correction. However, in most approaches the wavefront corrections are valid only over a small sample region on the order of 1 to 10 µm. In samples where most scattering structures are confined to a single plane, sample conjugate correction geometries can increase the observable field to a few tens of µm. Here, we apply a recently introduced fast converging scheme for sensor-less scattering correction termed “Dynamic Adaptive Scattering compensation Holography” (DASH) in a sample conjugate configuration with a high pixel count nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). Using a large SLM allows us to simultaneously correct for scattering at multiple field points, which can be distributed over the entire field of view provided by the objective lens. Despite the comparably slow refresh time of LC-SLMs, we achieve correction times on the order of 10 s per field point, which we show is sufficiently fast to counteract scattering at multiple sites in living mouse hippocampal tissue slices.
Producing near-zero-index/directivity-tunable metamaterials using transformation optics
Authors: Dehbashi Reza , Nieminen Timo A.
Published: October 2021

In some literature [Prog. Electromagn. Res. 106, 107 (2010)PELREX1043-626X10.2528/PIER10060103], zero-index metamaterials are regarded as non-transformation optics (TO) materials. In this paper, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, sets of transformation mapping functions are introduced to produce near-zero-index metamaterials using TO. In addition, other than producing near-zero materials, it is shown that the proposed structures can be used in applications like radiators with highly tunable directivity when the parameters of the transformation functions are adjusted. In near-zero-index metamaterials, the refractive index is near zero when either permittivity or permeability, or both, are near zero. The introduced mapping functions are applied to a desired space. Then, using Maxwell’s equations, the wave equation and consequently the wavenumber of the transformed space is obtained. From the wave equation the obtained wavenumber is near zero. Therefore, it is concluded that the transformed space is a near-zero-index material. The mapping is provided for open and enclosed spaces. At the end, a parametric numerical analysis is provided for various sets of obtained parameters for the introduced near-zero-index materials. From the analysis it is shown that the proposed structures can also be used as radiators with tunable directivity.
Dual color DMD-SIM by temperature-controlled laser wavelength matching
Authors: Lachetta Mario , Wiebusch Gerd , Hübner Wolfgang , Schulte am Esch Jan , Huser Thomas , Müller Marcel
Published: October 2021

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a fast and gentle super-resolution fluorescence imaging technique, featuring live-cell compatible excitation light levels and high imaging speeds. To achieve SIM, spatial modulation of the fluorescence excitation light is employed. This is typically achieved by interfering coherent laser beams in the sample plane, which are often created by spatial light modulators (SLMs). Digital micromirror devices (DMDs) are a form of SLMs with certain advantages, such as high speed, low cost and wide availability, which present certain hurdles in their implementation, mainly the blazed grating effect caused by the jagged surface structure of the tilted mirrors. Recent works have studied this effect through modelling, simulations and experiments, and laid out possible implementations of multi-color SIM imaging based on DMDs. Here, we present an implementation of a dual-color DMD based SIM microscope using temperature-controlled wavelength matching. By carefully controlling the output wavelength of a diode laser by temperature, we can tune two laser wavelengths in such a way that no opto-mechanical realignment of the SIM setup is necessary when switching between both wavelengths. This reduces system complexity and increases imaging speed. With measurements on nano-bead reference samples, as well as the actin skeleton and membrane of fixed U2OS cells, we demonstrate the capabilities of the setup.
Mechanically stretchable metamaterial with tunable mid-infrared optical properties
Authors: Chen Fangqi , Liu Xiaojie , Tian Yanpei , Zheng Yi
Published: October 2021

Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the design of metamaterials with ultrahigh absorption. These perfect absorbers can realize the annihilation of incident electromagnetic waves by eliminating reflection and transmission of microwaves, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet. However, the optical properties are usually unchanged due to a rigid structure. In this work, we propose a mechanically stretchable metamaterial composed of polydimethylsiloxane and gold with tunable optical properties in the mid-infrared region. A large variation of absorptances with different gold filling ratios is demonstrated as well as the corresponding electric field distributions. Under moderate uniaxial and biaxial tensions, the proposed two-dimensional grating structure has achieved a dynamic tuning of infrared thermal properties, including a sharp reflectance-absorptance switch. This mechanically stretchable metamaterial can serve different optical and sensing functions due to its facile tunability.
Numerically modelling the reflectance of a rough surface covered with diesel fuel based on bidirectional reflectance distribution function
Authors: Li Ying , Dong Shuang , Yu Qinglai , Xie Ming , Liu Zhichen , Ma Zhanjun
Published: October 2021

Oil spills have become a problem that negatively affects the oceanic environment and maritime transportation. Optical remote sensing technology is a potential method to monitor oil spills by analyzing the reflectance spectra of oil-polluted and clean water surface. In this paper, a numerical model for the reflectance of a rough oil surface is constructed by combining Fresnel reflection and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The way that visible light is reflected from the rough diesel fuel surface is quantitatively described and discussed based on the reflection theory of electromagnetic waves. The simulation result of the proposed model shows reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. With reliable prediction and a low computational complexity, the proposed model is expected to provide a theorical basis for rapid detection of oil spills on rough sea surfaces using optical remote sensing technology.
Dual-wavelength luminescent fibers receiver for wide field-of-view, Gb/s underwater optical wireless communication
Authors: Sait Mohammed , Trichili Abderrahmen , Alkhazragi Omar , Alshaibaini Sultan , Ng Tien Khee , Alouini Mohammed-Slim , Ooi Boon S.
Published: October 2021

Extending the field-of-view (FoV) of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) receivers can significantly ease the need for active positioning and tracking mechanisms. Two bundle of scintillating fibers emitting at 430- and 488-nm were used to detect two independent signals from ultraviolet and visible laser sources. A zero-forcing approach to minimize inter-channel crosstalk was further implemented. A net aggregated UWOC data rate of 1 Gb/s was achieved using two wavelengths and a non-return-to-zero on-off keying scheme.
Continuous zoom compound eye imaging system based on liquid lenses
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Di , Jiang Zhao , Liu Chao , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a continuous zoom compound eye imaging system based on liquid lenses is proposed. The main imaging part of the system consists of a liquid compound eye, two liquid lenses and a planar image sensor. By adjusting the liquid injection volumes of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses, the system can realize continuous zoom imaging without any mechanical movement of imaging components. According to the results of experiments, the paraxial magnification of the target can range from ∼0.019× to ∼0.037× at a fixed working distance. Moreover, the system can realize continuous focusing at a fixed paraxial magnification when the working distance ranges from ∼200mm to ∼300mm. Compared with the traditional artificial compound eye imaging systems, the proposed system increases the adjustability and matches the variable image surfaces of the liquid compound eye to a planar image sensor. The aspherical effects of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses are also considered in the design of the system. The system is expected to be used for imaging in various scenes, such as continuous zoom panoramic imaging, 3D scanning measurement and so on.
RoF distributed antenna architecture and reinforcement learning empowered real-time EMI immunity for highly reliable railway communication: publisher’s note
Authors: Bai Wenlin , Zou Xihua , Li Peixuan , Li Yang , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan , Luo Bin
Published: October 2021

The publisher's note contains a correction to [Opt. Express 29 32333 (2021)10.1364/OE.438439]. The article was corrected on 17 June 2022.
Low latency transmission over 400 m Hollow-Core-Fiber Cable at 100G PAM-4 per wavelength
Authors: Castro Jose. M , Kose Bulent , Pimpinella Rick , Huang Paul , Lane Brett , Puc Gabe , Kremp Tristan , Dube Kyle , Irid Mohandtahar , Mangan Brian J.
Published: October 2021

We present experiments for attenuation, dispersion, and latency characterization of commercially available Hollow Core Fiber cable. We investigate the spectral windows for reliable transmission of 100 Gbps per wavelength using pulse amplitude modulation schemes.
Demonstration of Software-defined Key Management for Quantum Key Distribution Network
Authors: Cho Joo Yeon , Pedreno-Manresa Jose-Juan , Patri Sai , Sergeev Andrew , Elbers Jörg-Peter , Griesser Helmut , White Catherine , Lord Andrew
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a practical key management scheme for a quantum key distribution network. Multi-vendor QKD systems are interoperated via a standard interface and a key relay is dynamically routed by SDN.
SDN-controlled Dynamic Front-haul Provisioning, Emulated on Hardware and Virtual COSMOS Optical x-Haul Testbeds
Authors: Lantz Bob , Yu Jiakai , Bhardwaj Ayush , Díaz-Montiel Alan A. , Quraishy Aamir , Santaniello Steven , Chen Tingjun , Fujieda Rina , Mukhopadhyay Atri , Zussman Gil , Ruffini Marco , Kilper Dan
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate SDN-controlled dynamic front-haul optical network pro visioning and modulation format adaptation, running on an emulation of the COSMOS testbed benchmarked against the COSMOS hardware testbed.
Lessons Learn from A Tactile Internet Testbed: An Access Network Perspective
Authors: Chung HwanSeok , Lee Han Hyub , Kim KwangOk , Doo Kyung-Hwan
Published: October 2021

We review TDM-PON based optical access for 5G and tactile internet applications, and introduce recent feasibility studies based on high-capacity and low latency TDM-PON. Lessons learned from the tactile internet testbed are also discussed.
Beyond 1 Tbit/s transmission using high- speed DACs and analog multiplexing
Authors: Buchali Fred
Published: October 2021

Today's research has demonstrated the highest bit rates, already well beyond 1 Tb/s per wavelength. These rates are required to support relentless capacity growth. This tutorial will cover the underlying transponder technology and discuss the latest developments on DACs and AMUX.
TUTORIAL SILICON-PHOTONICS-BASED SPECTROSCOPIC SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND HEALTH CARE
Authors: Baets Roel
Published: October 2021

Spectroscopic sensing is a powerful modality for numerous applications in medicine, biotechnology and structural health monitoring. Often the implementation is bulky or costly, which is a barrier for high volume markets. Integrated photonics - in particular silicon and silicon nitride photonics - is changing this and will boost spectroscopic sensing to such markets, for example in personalized medicine. This tutorial will discuss underlying principles, technologies and application cases.
Resource-efficient Slicing with Topology-level Protection in Optical Access/Aggregation Networks for 5G and Beyond
Authors: Xiao Yuming , Zhang Jiawei , Ji Yuefeng
Published: October 2021

We propose a topology-level protection scheme (TLPS) tailored to differential reliability demands for 5G/B5G network slicing. The cases of reliable slicing are numerically evaluated that TLPS shows its superiority in redundancy resources saving.
Scalable Federated Learning over Passive Optical Networks
Authors: Li Jun , Chen Lei , Chen Jiajia
Published: October 2021

Two-step aggregation is introduced to facilitate scalable federated learning (SFL) over passive optical networks (PONs). Results reveal that the SFL keeps the required PON upstream bandwidth constant regardless of the number of involved clients, while bringing ~10% learning accuracy improvement.
Stateful DBA Hypervisor Supporting SLAs with Low Latency & High Availability in Shared PON
Authors: Slyne Frank , Zeb Sanwal , Ruffini Marco
Published: October 2021

We present a stateful DBA hypervisor for shared PONs capable of meeting specific flow-level service level agreements, supporting services requiring strict latency and high availability. We report considerable improvement compared to standard stateless priority-based mechanisms.
Type I Interferon Signaling Increases Versican Expression and Synthesis in Lung Stromal Cells During Influenza Infection
Authors: Brune Jourdan E. , Chang Mary Y. , Altemeier William A. , Frevert Charles W.
Published: October 2021

Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in inflammatory lung disease. Versican’s potential as an immunomodulatory molecule makes it a promising therapeutic target for controlling host immune responses in the lungs. To establish changes to versican expression and accumulation during influenza A viral pneumonia, we document the temporal and spatial changes to versican mRNA and protein in concert with pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration. These studies were performed in the lungs of wild-type C57BL6/J mice on days 3, 6, 9, and 12 post-infection with influenza A virus using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative digital pathology. Using duplex in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that type I interferon signaling contributes significantly to versican expression in lung stromal cells. Our findings show that versican is a type I interferon–stimulated gene in pulmonary fibroblasts and pericytes in the context of viral pneumonia. These data also provide a guide for future studies to determine the role of versican in the pulmonary immune response to influenza infection:
V. Sambasivan’s populist Othello for Kerala’s kathaprasangam
Authors: Buckley Thea
Published: October 2021

Through the verve and beauty of V. Sambasivan’s (1929–97) recitals for Kerala’s kathaprasangam temple art form, performed solo onstage to harmonium accompaniment, Shakespeare’s Othello has become a lasting part of cultural memory. The veteran storyteller’s energetic Malayalam-language Othello lingers in a YouTube recording, an hour-long musical narrative that sticks faithfully to the bones of Shakespeare’s tragedy while fleshing it out with colourful colloquial songs, verse, dialogue and commentary. Sambasivan consciously indigenized Shakespeare, lending local appeal through familiar stock characters and poetic metaphor. Othello’s ‘moonless night’ or ‘amavasi’ is made bright by Desdemona’s ‘full moon’ or ‘purnima’; Cassio’s lover Bianca is renamed Vasavadatta, after poet Kumaran Asan’s lovelorn courtesan-heroine. Crucially, Sambasivan’s populist introduction of Othello through kathaprasangam marks a progressive phase where Marxism, rather than colonialism, facilitated India’s assimilation of Shakespeare. As part of Kerala’s communist anti-caste movement and mass literacy drive, Sambasivan used the devotional art form to adapt secular world classics into Malayalam, presenting these before thousands of people at venues both sacred and secular. In this article, I interview his son Professor Vasanthakumar Sambasivan, who carries on the family kathaprasangam tradition, as he recalls how his father’s adaptation represents both an artistic and sociopolitical intervention, via Shakespeare.
Antimicrobial resistance and mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples submitted to a bacteriology laboratory in South Africa
Authors: Hassan Ibrahim Z. , Wandrag Buks , Gouws Johan J. , Qekwana Daniel N. , Naidoo Vinny
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recently mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) associated colistin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates have been attributed to the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. E. coli remains an important pathogen, often associated with mortality and low carcass weight in poultry medicine; therefore, the need to use antimicrobials is common. The study aimed to determine the AMR profile and presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in avian pathogenic E. coli from poultry samples tested at a bacteriology laboratory for routine diagnosis. This is a first step in understanding the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.

Materials and Methods: Fifty E. coli strains were assessed for resistance against ten antimicrobial drugs using broth microdilution. All isolates with a colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL were analyzed for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes by employing the polymerase chain reaction. For each isolate, the following farm information was obtained: farm location, type of farm, and on-farm use of colistin.

Results: Sixty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial; 44% were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). Most E. coli isolates were resistant to doxycycline (44%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38%), ampicillin (32%), and enrofloxacin (32%). None of the E. coli strains was resistant to colistin sulfate (MIC90 of 2 μg/mL). Only one E. coli isolate held the mcr-1 gene; none carried the mcr-2 gene.

Conclusion: Resistance among E. coli isolates in this study was fairly high. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was observed, such as doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin. Only a single E. coli strain carried the mcr-1 gene, suggesting that mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes are common among isolates in this study. The prevalence of AMR, however, suggests that farmers must implement standard biosecurity measures to reduce E. coli burden, and antimicrobial use to prolong the efficacy life span of some of these drugs.
Az értékesítés digitális átalakulása. Az egyéni és szervezeti technológiaelfogadást meghatározó tényezők empirikus elemzése
Authors: Pelsőci Balázs Lajos , Nagy Ákos , Gáti Mirkó
Published: October 2021

Jelen tanulmány az értékesítés digitális átalakulását befolyásoló tényezők feltárására vállalkozik. A kutatás során a szerzők felvázolnak egy elméleti modellt, amely egyaránt támaszkodik a Technológiaelfogadás Modelljére (TAM), a Technológiai Felkészültség Indexére (TRI), valamint az értékesítési tevékenységek és eszközök szakirodalmára. Az elméleti modell megalkotásához az empíria egy 2018-ban végzett, 122 különböző értékesítővel folytatott interjúsorozatból származik. A kutatás során sikeresen feltártak számos olyan tényezőt, amely végeredményben befolyásolja az értékesítés digitális transzformációját, valamint a köztük lévő kölcsönhatások azonosítására is lehetőség nyílt. Legfontosabb következtetéseik, hogy a technológiai felkészültség, a technológia jellemzői, a tevékenységportfólió, valamint az ügyfélkör mind hatást gyakorolnak az elfogadást végsősoron befolyásoló attitűdre. Mindazonáltal fontosnak tartanak említést tenni a kutatás módszertanából és a minta rendkívül heterogén összetételéből eredő korlátokról, amelyek a jelen kutatás végeredményeként létrejött elméleti modell további tesztelését és elemzését teszik szükségessé.
Gender, Age and Staff Preparedness to Adopt Internet Tools for Research Sharing During Covid-19 in African Varsities
Authors: Owan Valentine Joseph , Asuquo Michael Ekpenyong , Owan Mercy Valentine , Aslam Sana , Obla Moses Eteng
Published: October 2021

This study assessed the partial as well as the collaborative impact of age and gender on academic staff preparedness to adopt Internet tools for research sharing in African universities during Covid-19. Although evidence abounds in the literature on gender and age as they affect relatively, scholars’ utilisation of digital tools for research communication, such studies did not examine scholars’ preparedness to adopt from a broad perspective of Africa. This study was conducted based on the argument that the preparedness of scholars may affect their future interest to utilize digital tools for research sharing. A quantitative method, based on the descriptive survey research design, was adopted to provide answers to four prevailing research questions. The examination focused on a populace of 8,591 staff in African universities, nonetheless, information was gathered from 1,977 of them, who deliberately took part from 24 African nations. A validated electronic rating scale, which was mailed/posted to targeted participants, was used as the instrument for data collection. Gender and age significantly affected academic staff preparedness to adopt Internet tools for research sharing partially and interactively in African Universities during Covid-19. Female staff were more prepared than males to adopt internet tools for research sharing during the pandemic. Older lecturers reported a higher rate of preparedness than their younger colleagues to adopt Internet tools for research sharing during Covid-19. In light of these proofs, ramifications and proposals for future exploration are discussed.
El consumo como entidad simbólica
Authors: Páramo Morales Dagoberto
Published: October 2021

A partir de los trabajos investigativos de Baudrillard (1968, 1970) sintetizados en su particular teoría de los objetos con la que derrumbó los planteamientos de un consumo hecho por el homus economicus, no han sido pocos los esfuerzos desarrollados para comprender su verdadera esencia. La tradicional explicación del comportamiento del consumidor respecto de la satisfacción de sus necesidades como principal motivador de su conducta fue duramente atacada y sustituida por una reflexión más argumentada y lógica ligada al mundo de los deseos y al simbolismo más allá de la función objetiva supuestamente cumplida por los objetos adquiridos.
Empresas colombianas dinamizadoras del comercio internacional en la Alianzadel Pacífico
Authors: Valencia González Catherine , Pinzón Muñoz Carlos Andrés
Published: October 2021

Este artículo identificó mediante la sistematización y el análisis de las exportaciones e importaciones las empresas colombianas que dinamizan el comercio internacional en la Alianza del Pacífico. Los resultados describen el comercio intra-Alianza del Pacífico, detallan las importaciones y exportaciones colombianas con Chile, México y Perú por empresa con mayor volumen de comercio y caracterizan las empresas colombianas con flujos comerciales de doble vía. Se muestra que existe una representación significativa de las importaciones de materias primas, insumos y tecnología, que el 80 % de las empresas exportadoras son multinacionales, que el 50 % de las empresas exportadoras se concentran en la industria de productos de higiene y cuidado personal, y que el 70 % presentan balanzas comerciales deficitarias.
Mengukur Tingkat Keterikatan Masyarakat Kampung Atas Air, Kota Balikpapan
Authors: Sitaresmia Devi Triwidya , Kadrib Mohtana Kharisma , Yorika Rahmi , Hayati Rina Noor
Published: October 2021

This research originated from the theory of community attachment based on social relationships which can cause emotional feelings towards their place of residence as a result of their journey of living together. There is also the term Gemeinschaft (intimate community) for people who know each other and develop so that they have a sense of density, friendship, and personal emotional bonds between them. One of the living environments that is characterized by gemeinchaft is the urban hometown. The urban village is an informal village, unplanned and not served by adequate housing infrastructure. One of the efforts made by the government to improve the quality of urban villages is through the Community-Based Settlement Environmental Management (PLPBK) program. The village over the water of Kelurahan Baru Tengah is one of the areas targeted by the PLPBK program. This program is a program to improve the quality of the settlement environment using a participatory approach, so that the role of the community is very important in its implementation. This study aims to determine the level of community engagement in urban village settlements, namely Kampung Atas Air, Baru Tengah Village, using Social Network Analysis (SNA). This paper shows that the level of community engagement in Kampung Atas Air, Baru Tengah Village is high. The high level of community engagement is expected to become social capital that can support community-based government programs.
OMEX metadata specification (version 1.2)
Authors: Gennari John H. , König Matthias , Misirli Goksel , Neal Maxwell L. , Nickerson David P. , Waltemath Dagmar
Published: October 2021

A standardized approach to annotating computational biomedical models and their associated files can facilitate model reuse and reproducibility among research groups, enhance search and retrieval of models and data, and enable semantic comparisons between models. Motivated by these potential benefits and guided by consensus across the COmputational Modeling in BIology NEtwork (COMBINE) community, we have developed a specification for encoding annotations in Open Modeling and EXchange (OMEX)-formatted archives. This document details version 1.2 of the specification, which builds on version 1.0 published last year in this journal. In particular, this version includes a set of initial model-level annotations (whereas v 1.0 described exclusively annotations at a smaller scale). Additionally, this version uses best practices for namespaces, and introduces omex-library.org as a common root for all annotations. Distributing modeling projects within an OMEX archive is a best practice established by COMBINE, and the OMEX metadata specification presented here provides a harmonized, community-driven approach for annotating a variety of standardized model representations. This specification acts as a technical guideline for developing software tools that can support this standard, and thereby encourages broad advances in model reuse, discovery, and semantic analyses.
Subsidies, Relocations, and Social Justice
Authors: Loriaux Sylvie
Published: October 2021

This article examines Risse and Wollner’s discussion and rejection of several strategies a) in favour of developed countries subsidising their producers, and b) against the relocation of firms operating on their territory. It argues that their critical review of these strategies remains incomplete and therefore not decisive. It starts by bringing into relief two blind spots in their moral assessment of subsidies. The first concerns the imperfect nature of the general duties of global justice they focus on; the second concerns their understanding of the relation between these duties and duties of social justice. While addressing these two difficulties, it presents another possible strategy in support of subsidies, which Risse and Wollner fail to examine: the ‘equal citizenship’ strategy. This strategy is mobilised again in an assessment of Risse and Wollner’s treatment of relocations. In this context, some doubts are raised about the remedy Risse and Wollner prescribe to overcome both social injustices and exploitative relocations ― namely, the domestic redistribution by governments of the gains of international trade. It is argued that such a redistribution is both insufficient to combat social exclusion and threatened by the very practice of trade liberalisation that Risse and Wollner seek to defend.
Gender gap in science in Africa: experience of African women in mathematics association
Authors: Ouedraogo Marie Françoise , Negzaoui Selma , Dabo-Niang Sophie
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with gender gap in Mathematics across Africa. Reducing the gender gap in Mathematics in Africa, is the major aim of African Women in Mathematics Association (AWMA) through various activities. Using macrodata from two international surveys and microdata from two African universities (Joseph Ki-Zerbo of Burkina Faso and Monastir in Tunisia), differences in favor to men in the participation of female teachers and teacher-researchers in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Computer Sciences are highlighted. Some practices, considered by AWMA, aiming to reduce the Gender Gap are also evoked.