bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From fixer to facilitator: an interpretative phenomenological study of diabetes person-centred counselling and empowerment-based education
Authors: Findlay-White Florence , Dornan Tim , Davies Mark , Archer Alan , Kilvert Anne , Fox Charles
Published: November 2023

Background The purpose of this study is to explore the professional and personal experiences of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals during and following diabetes counselling and empowerment-based education. Methods Everyone who had participated in a diabetes counselling and empowerment course between 2008-2016 was invited to respond to an online survey and follow-up telephone interview if willing. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The research team used interpretative phenomenology to identify core themes from both the survey and telephone interviews and which captured the impact of empowerment-based education. Results 22 doctors, nurses, dieticians, and psychologists completed an online questionnaire. 10 subsequently took part in telephone interviews. Empowerment-based education changed them from fixers to facilitators. Their transformation included a sense of becoming authentic, ‘being the way I want to be’ in clinical practice and becoming more self-reflective. This affected them personally as well as reinvigorating them professionally. Conclusions The participants described a personal and professional journey of transformation that included discovering their person-centred philosophy. They adopted a consultation structure that empowered people with diabetes to care for themselves. It can be speculated that participants’ experience of transformation may also guard against professional burnout.
It Takes A Village; Involvement of Village Health Teams to Develop Tools and Resources to Communicate about Antiretroviral Use in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding at Community Level in Uganda.
Authors: Nalugga Esther Alice , Kukundakwe Mercy , Tibakanya Robinah , Tindyebwa Elizabeth , Baluku William , Mulindwa Kenneth , Asiimwe Simon Peter , Twimukye Adelline , Waitt Catriona
Published: November 2023

Background Research findings must be communicated to the populations who will benefit from them, in a manner that is accessible and understandable. Aims We recently generated novel data on medication use in breastfeeding. A Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (Liverpool) grant enabled work with a team of Village Health Teams (VHTs) in Hoima, rural Uganda, to co-create related communication materials for use in their house-to-house visitation and health education. Methods After an initial workshop from 24th to 26th March 2021, training and review of draft materials, 10 VHT pairs visited 50 households in Hoima district. Basic demographic data were collected alongside preferred communication methods. VHTs provided feedback and re-design of materials commenced. This included dramatization of scenarios and photography. A second round of house-to-house visitation informed final adjustments. We conducted focused group discussions and a dissemination workshop attended by VHTs, local healthcare leaders and journalists was hosted on 16th – 17th June 2022. Results Most households (74%) had a breastfeeding baby. Majority could read and had access to radios (60%), but not to smartphones (58%) or television (86%). Most preferred verbal and visual aids for health education, and requested images of “people who look like us”. Final co-created materials included posters in English and Runyoro and laminated ‘job aids’ in both languages . These continue to be in active use. VHTs and community members requested future projects of this nature. Conclusion Healthcare communication to communities must be accessible and clear. Representation of images that the public can identify with is important. Co-creation workshops were successful in rural Uganda, and pave the way for future collaborative, participatory research.
The Precise-DYAD Neurodevelopmental substudy protocol: neurodevelopmental risk in children of mothers with placental complications
Authors: Magai Dorcas N. , Chandna Jaya , Volvert Marie-Laure , Craik Rachel , Jah Hawanatu , Kongira Fatoumata , Bojang Kalilu , Koech Angela , Mwashigadi Grace , Mutua Agnes M. , Blencowe Hannah , D'Alessandro Umberto , Roca Anna , Temmerman Marleen , von Dadelszen Peter , Abubakar Amina , Gladstone Melissa ,   The PRECISE DYAD Network
Published: November 2023

Background: Over 250 million children are not reaching their developmental potential globally. The impact of prenatal factors then influenced by postnatal environmental factors on child neurodevelopment, is still unclear—particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This study aims to understand the impact of placental complications as well as environmental, psychosocial, and biological predictors on neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Methods: This is an observational cohort study of female and male children (≈3,950) born to women (≈4,200) with and without placental disorders (pregnancy-induced hypertension, foetal growth restriction, and premature birth) previously recruited into PREgnancy Care Integrating Translational Science, Everywhere study with detailed biological data collected in intrapartum and post-partum periods. Children will be assessed at six weeks to 6 months, 11-13 months, 23-25 months and 35-37 months in rural and semi-urban Gambia (Farafenni, Illiasa, and Ngayen Sanjal) and Kenya (Mariakani and Rabai). We will assess children's neurodevelopment using Prechtls General Movement Assessment, the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (primary outcome), Observation of Maternal-Child Interaction, the Neurodevelopmental Disorder Screening Tool, and the Epilepsy Screening tool. Children screening positive will be assessed with Cardiff cards (vision), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Family Impact. We will use multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the impact of placental complications on neurodevelopment and conduct structural equation modelling using latent class growth to study trajectories and relationships between biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors on child development.

Conclusions: We aim to provide information regarding the neurodevelopment of infants and children born to women with and without placental complications at multiple time points during the first three years of life in two low-resource African communities. A detailed evaluation of developmental trajectories and their predictors will provide information on the most strategic points of intervention to prevent and reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairments.
Affordable and reliable three-dimensional printing: a prospective study of seven distal radius fractures
Authors: Lee Jeong Hyun , Kim Min Bom
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is now widely available, and its potential applications to surgery are limitless. However, 3D printing is presently performed at only a few large institutions. We developed a 3D printing workflow using an affordable 3D printer and open-source 3D printing software. We tested whether this combination could produce a model that reliably reflects real bone. Methods: We performed a prospective study with a target sample size of seven. Patients with distal radius fractures were enrolled from October 2021 to February 2022. The 3D-printed models of the fractures were produced using open-source software (3D Slicer [Surgical Planning Laboratory, Harvard Medical School] and Cura [Ultimaker]) and a $600 printer. The anterior-to-posterior (AP) and radial-to-ulnar (RU) widths of the fracture sites were measured on computed tomography (CT) images, in 3D printed models, and in real bones (during surgery). Surgery was simulated using the 3D models; the locations and profiles of implants were compared to those placed during real surgery, which was performed without simulation data.Results: The fracture AP and RU widths did not differ significantly among the CT, 3D model, and real bone measurements. Interclass correlation coefficients indicated that the measurements were reliable (0.943 [p<0.001] and 0.917 [p<0.001], respectively). When the implant profiles of the simulations and surgical procedures were compared, only the most distal (radial) screws were significantly longer in the simulations (p=0.016). The plate location also differed significantly (p=0.043). Conclusions: Our 3D printing workflow is affordable yet produces reliable bone models.
Combination Chemotherapy Optimization with Discrete Dosing
Authors: Ajayi Temitayo , Hosseinian Seyedmohammadhossein , Schaefer Andrew J. , Fuller Clifton D.
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapy drug administration is a complex problem that often requires expensive clinical trials to evaluate potential regimens; one way to alleviate this burden and better inform future trials is to build reliable models for drug administration. This paper presents a mixed-integer program for combination chemotherapy (utilization of multiple drugs) optimization that incorporates various important operational constraints and, besides dose and concentration limits, controls treatment toxicity based on its effect on the count of white blood cells. To address the uncertainty of tumor heterogeneity, we also propose chance constraints that guarantee reaching an operable tumor size with a high probability in a neoadjuvant setting. We present analytical results pertinent to the accuracy of the model in representing biological processes of chemotherapy and establish its potential for clinical applications through a numerical study of breast cancer.

History: Accepted by Paul Brooks, Area Editor for Applications in Biology, Medicine, & Healthcare.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CMMI-1933369 and CMMI-1933373].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0207 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0207 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
The focal sepsis hypothesis: a theory that limped on both legs
Authors: Nolan Peter
Published: November 2023

Little attention has been paid in the nursing literature to practices that have tarnished the historical reputation of mental health care. This article looks at primary and secondary sources to explore the theory and implementation of an approach to treatment that became known as ‘the septic foci theory’ in the early part of the 20th century, and the careers of its two principal proponents, Henry Cotton and Thomas Graves. These medical practitioners initiated an unsubstantiated programme of surgical interventions that resulted in immeasurable pain, disfiguration and untimely deaths of countless people with mental ill health. In the institutional climate that existed at the time, doctors were able to pursue their pet theories while managers and colleagues turned a blind eye or were indifferent to what was being done. This account of the septic foci theory may prompt reflection on the importance of today's practitioners demanding evidence before implementing new treatments and the need to challenge unsafe practices on behalf of those who may not be able to mount their own challenge.
Meeting the safeguarding needs of all children and young people
Authors: Ashworth Claire
Published: November 2023

Information sharing is key in safeguarding work; however, there has been much disparity between the state and independent school sectors. Claire Ashworth details her journey to improve access to information and communication in her setting in order to better meet the needs of the children in her care.
Understanding stress and resilience in the transition to secondary school
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: November 2023

The transition between primary and secondary school can be very stressful for children and have a substantial impact on their mental health and wellbeing. Stephanie Thornton explores factors that may exhacerbate or mitigate stress.
Self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts and positive appraisals of stressors relate to caregiving competence in female family carers
Authors: Bergstrom Kelly A. , Gerstein Emily D. , Steffen Ann M.
Published: November 2023

Family carers have high rates of stress, anxiety and depression, but there are also positive aspects of caregiving. The aim of this study is to explore correlates of caregiving competence, a positive aspect of caregiving, in 146 female family carers. Regression analyses identify that self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts, caregiver preparedness and self-reassurance were significantly related to caregiving competence, after controlling for contextual variables. These findings indicate that mental health practitioners working with family carers should target positive psychosocial mechanisms, along with factors directly related to the caregiving situation, to enhance carer well-being and promote sustainable care.
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing in Southeast Asia: Trends and Actors
Authors: Schlieman Lily
Published: November 2023

executive summary: This essay identifies trends and actors involved in illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in two of Southeast Asia's regional seascapes (the South China Sea and the Sulu-Sulawesi Seascape), explores the political and socioeconomic factors that enable IUU fishing, and offers recommendations to governments and other stakeholders. main argument
IUU fishing threatens the food, ecological, and economic security of coastal communities in Southeast Asia's seascapes. The region is home to incredible marine biodiversity that supports commercially important fish stocks. However, IUU fishing, poor fisheries management, and bad governance—coupled with environmental degradation and a lack of monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement capacity—leave these stocks in a precarious position. The clandestine nature of IUU fishing can also attract crimes of convergence, including forced labor and trafficking of humans, arms, drugs, and wildlife. To counter IUU fishing, national governments in Southeast Asia should take steps to improve cooperation, build cohesiveness, and share data and relevant information with each other and with regional organizations. Likewise, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and regional fisheries management organizations should take a greater leadership role to facilitate data and information sharing between Southeast Asian governments. policy implications
• Cooperative and joint stock assessments in the South China Sea and the Sulu-Sulawesi Seascape by governments, scientists, NGOs, and other stakeholders, with a focus on transboundary stocks, would significantly improve the monitoring and management of fisheries. • To bridge gaps in enforcement capacity, fisheries enforcement authorities should work with nontraditional partners, including local communities and trusted nations in the Indo-Pacific, such as the U.S., Australia, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. • Southeast Asian coastal states should work together to settle remaining maritime boundary disputes they have with each other and develop a cohesive regional bloc that strengthens their collective commitment to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and efforts to combat IUU fishing. • National governments and law enforcement should increase their capacity and technical capabilities to stop labor and human rights abuses on the water and in seafood processing facilities by working with NGOs, survivors, and other relevant stakeholders with expertise in the field.
Robust structured light 3D measurement method based on polarization-encoded projection patterns
Authors: Zhu Zhenmin , Zhou Yumeng , Lu Wenquan , Zhang Jing , Zhou Lisheng , Liu Haoran
Published: November 2023

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is widely used in 3D vision measurement because of its high robustness and measurement accuracy. In the case of HDR objects, due to the problem of surface reflectivity, the obtained image will be overexposed. This will cause the sinusoidality of the fringes projected on the surface of the object in the acquired image to be interfered, resulting in a phase error in the calculated wrapped phase. Therefore, a polarization-encoded sinusoidal structured light is proposed to enhance the sinusoidality of the fringe. The phase information contained in the polarized sinusoidal structured light fringe is only related to the polarization state, not to the light intensity. A polarization coding assisted structured light measurement strategy (PASM) is proposed. This method uses polarization coding assisted polarization phase-shifting fringes for phase unwrapping. The angle of the linear polarizer is set to zero in this method, and it does not require rotating the polarizer. It only needs a single exposure to improve the fringe quality and obtain a more stable unwrapping phase. The experimental results show that the obtained polarization fringes have better sinusoidality, and the phase unwrapping can be more accurate. The reconstructed 3D point cloud also does not appear missing and has better accuracy. It is a reliable method for vision measurement of HDR objects.
Multi-resolution X-ray phase-contrast and dark-field tomography of human cerebellum with near-field speckles
Authors: Savatović Sara , Zdora Marie-Christine , De Marco Fabio , Bikis Christos , Olbinado Margie , Rack Alexander , Müller Bert , Thibault Pierre , Zanette Irene
Published: November 2023

In this study, we use synchrotron-based multi-modal X-ray tomography to examine human cerebellar tissue in three dimensions at two levels of spatial resolution (2.3 µm and 11.9 µm). We show that speckle-based imaging (SBI) produces results that are comparable to propagation-based imaging (PBI), a well-established phase-sensitive imaging method. The different SBI signals provide complementary information, which improves tissue differentiation. In particular, the dark-field signal aids in distinguishing tissues with similar average electron density but different microstructural variations. The setup’s high resolution and the imaging technique’s excellent phase sensitivity enabled the identification of different cellular layers and additionally, different cell types within these layers. We also correlated this high-resolution phase-contrast information with measured dark-field signal levels. These findings demonstrate the viability of SBI and the potential benefit of the dark-field modality for virtual histology of brain tissue.
Exploring the benefits of using co-packaged optics in data center and AI supercomputer networks: a simulation-based analysis [Invited]
Authors: Maniotis Pavlos , Kuchta Daniel M.
Published: November 2023

We investigate the advantages of using co-packaged optics in next-generation data center and AI supercomputer networks. The increased escape bandwidth offered by co-packaged optics provides multiple possibilities for building 50T switches and beyond, expanding the opportunities in both the data center and supercomputing domains. This provides network architects with the opportunity to expand their design space and develop simplified networks with enhanced network locality properties. Co-packaging at the switch and server points enables networks with double capacity while reducing the switch count by 64% compared to state-of-the-art systems. We evaluate these concepts through discrete-event simulations using all-to-all and all-reduce traffic patterns that simulate collective communications commonly found in network-bound applications. Initially, we investigate the all-to-all overhead involved in distributing the virtual machines of the applications across multiple leaf switches and compare it to the scenario in which all VMs are placed under a single switch. Subsequently, we evaluate the performance of an AI supercomputing cluster by simulating both patterns for different message sizes, while also varying the number of participating nodes. The results suggest that networks with improved locality properties become increasingly important as the network stack operates at higher speeds; for a stack latency of 1.25 µs, placing the applications under multiple switches can result in up to 68% higher completion times than placing them under a single switch. For AI supercomputers, significant improvements are observed in the mean server throughput, reaching more than 90% for configurations involving 256 nodes and message sizes of at least 128 KiB.
1200-W all polarization-maintaining fiber GHz-femtosecond-pulse laser with good beam quality
Authors: Xiu Hao , Fan Yiheng , Lin Wei , Wang Wenlong , Hao Molei , Wen Junpeng , Chen Xuewen , Wang Tianxi , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin
Published: November 2023

In this work, we demonstrate a 1200-W average power all polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber ultrafast laser system operating at 1.0 µm. In accordance with the numerical modeling, the PM fiber laser system is designed and it delivers linearly-polarized femtosecond pulses at a 1.39-GHz fundamental repetition rate, with a maximum output power of 1214 W — to the best of our knowledge, the highest average power from all PM fiber ultrafast laser at 1.0 µm to date. The pulse width can be compressed to ∼800 fs with a beam quality of M2 < 1.1. This kilowatt-class all PM fiber laser system is expected to open new potential for high energy pulse generation through temporal coherent combination and laser ablation using GHz burst fs laser.
Bacterial production of ciprofloxacin and potential usage as a radiotracer
Authors: Karatay Kadriye Busra , Dogruoz Gungor Nihal , Colak Batu , Biber Muftuler Fazilet Zumrut , Aras Omer
Published: November 2023

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics have increased in prevalence, necessitating new methods for their diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of synthetic ciprofloxacin to that of organic ciprofloxacin produced by cave microorganisms, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of using organic ciprofloxacin radiolabeled with technetium-99m as an imaging agent. Organic ciprofloxacin produced by cave bacteria isolated from sediment taken from the dark zone of Antalya’s "Yark Sinkhole," (Turkey’s 14th deepest cave), was purified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified organic ciprofloxacin and standard ciprofloxacin were radiolabeled with technetium-99m (99mTc), and their uptake by pathogenic microorganisms as well as potential as an imaging agent were examined. According to thin-layer radiochromatography, radiolabeling efficiencies were 98.99 ± 0.34 (n = 7) and 91.25 ± 1.84 (n = 7) for radiolabeled organic ciprofloxacin and standard ciprofloxacin respectively. The binding efficiency of radiolabeled organic ciprofloxacin at the 240th minute was higher compared with radiolabeled standard ciprofloxacin, especially with P.aeruginosa, MRSA, VRE and E.coli. The results demonstrate that radiolabeling with 99mTc does not alter the biological behavior of organic ciprofloxacin, and radiolabeled organic ciprofloxacin has potential as an imaging agent for the detection of bacterial infection. The original value of the study is the monitoring of the antibiofilm effects of untouched cave-derived organic antibiotics by radiolabeling with a radionuclide.
The effects of external cues on cross-border e-commerce product sales: An application of the elaboration likelihood model
Authors: Fang Meiyu , Deng Ziling , Guo Junhui
Published: November 2023

In response to the soaring demand for imported goods among Chinese consumers, this study innovatively investigates the role of external cues on consumer behavior on cross-border e-commerce platforms, utilizing advanced data crawling techniques to extract data from Tmall Global. Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model, this research unveils key determinants affecting consumer purchasing decisions, contributing novel insights to e-commerce literature and methodologies. Our analysis discovers that increased picture comments significantly boost sales and that source credibility, product collections, and price discounts also play pivotal roles, especially for experiential products. We further explore a nuanced, inverted U-shaped relationship between product title length and sales, offering a foundational understanding of non-linear relationships in consumer behavior and presenting practical implications for enhancing marketing strategies. This study, while acknowledging limitations like data access constraints, provides strategic insights into optimizing product information presentation and broadens understanding of consumer decision-making processes, thus adding substantial value to ongoing e-commerce discourse.
Effective interactive engagement strategies for MOOC forum discussion: A self-efficacy perspective
Authors: Wei Wei , Liu Jia , Xu Xiaoshu , Kolletar-Zhu Kimberly , Zhang Yunfeng
Published: November 2023

This mixed methods sequential explanatory study identified and explained the features of engagement strategies for MOOC forum discussion that help low-achieving students make significant progress. Triangulated data were collected from MOOC learners’ (n = 335) scores in two reading assessments, their posts to the embedded online discussion forum, and their self-reflection learning journals. Based on learning progress between pre- and post-assessment tasks, MOOC learners are divided into three groups: 1) little, 2) moderate, and 3) significant progress. According to a statistical analysis of the quantified posts, surprisingly, the low-scoring students from the pre-test who demonstrated significant progress later engaged in significantly fewer peer-peer and peer-teacher interactions in the online discussion forum. Guided by self-efficacy literature, the reflective journals of these learners suggested that 1) learner-content interactions may help them advance learning and obtain new information and linguistic knowledge from the peer-made learning materials in the discussion forum; 2) they did not share and exchange ideas and answers with their peers. Instead, they prefer learning from others’ discussions and wish to get quick feedback and suggestions on their contributions to the discussion forum; and 3) peer-peer and peer-teacher interactions were proposed as two solutions to regulate their online learning experience as they lack self-discipline and time-management skills. Implications include teachers’ continuous support to encourage low-achieving students to learn peer-generated content and quick feedback on their contributions to the discussion forum.
Quality of post and core placement by final year undergraduate dental students
Authors: Baik Khadijah M.
Published: November 2023

The success of endodontic restoration of badly compromised teeth depends on the quality of post and core placement and the extra-coronal restoration. Ensuring that students place posts to acceptable quality standards is therefore essential. The aim of this study was to radiographically evaluate post placement by final year undergraduate dental students and to identify any predictors of performance. Two hundred retrospectively and randomly selected posts placed by sixth year students were evaluated radiographically. Data on student gender; number and quality of radiographs; periapical pathology; tooth location; root canal treatment quality; amount of remaining gutta percha; gap between gutta percha and post; post-to-root width; crown-to-root ratio; and types of core material and crowns were recorded. Four criteria were used to grade post placement quality: (i) amount of remaining gutta percha; (ii) gap between gutta percha and post; (iii) post width to root ratio; and (iv) crown-to-root ratio. Assessments were scored to produce final grades. Data are presented using descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test was used to investigate whether student gender or tooth location were associated with final grade. Post and core quality was acceptable in most cases (97.5% were graded as adequate), with no differences in quality between male and female students nor according to tooth location (anterior, premolar, and molar). Just over half of radiographs were adequate quality (53.5%), while just under half were assessed as less than adequate (46.5%) due to cone cutting, overlap, shortening or elongation, although this did not affect formal assessment of post quality. General outcomes of post and core placement by undergraduate students were good, with few errors that might affect the prognosis and long-term survival of treated teeth. Providing undergraduate dental students with clear guidelines on when and how to take radiographs throughout the procedure may improve the quality of post and core treatment and reduce the risk of multiple unnecessary radiographic exposures. From the clinical perspective, although dental students generally place high quality posts and cores, it remains important to monitor the quality and performance of post placement as this determines the survival of compromised teeth.
Machine learning prediction model based on enhanced bat algorithm and support vector machine for slow employment prediction
Authors: Wei Yan , Rao Xili , Fu Yinjun , Song Li , Chen Huiling , Li Junhong
Published: November 2023

The employment of college students is an important issue that affects national development and social stability. In recent years, the increase in the number of graduates, the pressure of employment, and the epidemic have made the phenomenon of ’slow employment’ increasingly prominent, becoming an urgent problem to be solved. Data mining and machine learning methods are used to analyze and predict the employment prospects for graduates and provide effective employment guidance and services for universities, governments, and graduates. It is a feasible solution to alleviate the problem of ’slow employment’ of graduates. Therefore, this study proposed a feature selection prediction model (bGEBA-SVM) based on an improved bat algorithm and support vector machine by extracting 1694 college graduates from 2022 classes in Zhejiang Province. To improve the search efficiency and accuracy of the optimal feature subset, this paper proposed an enhanced bat algorithm based on the Gaussian distribution-based and elimination strategies for optimizing the feature set. The training data were input to the support vector machine for prediction. The proposed method is experimented by comparing it with peers, well-known machine learning models on the IEEE CEC2017 benchmark functions, public datasets, and graduate employment prediction dataset. The experimental results show that bGEBA-SVM can obtain higher prediction Accuracy, which can reach 93.86%. In addition, further education, student leader experience, family situation, career planning, and employment structure are more relevant characteristics that affect employment outcomes. In summary, bGEBA-SVM can be regarded as an employment prediction model with strong performance and high interpretability.
CONSTRUCTION VERIFICATION OF UNDER-BEARING ARCH BRIDGE BASED ON CONSTRUCTION MONITORING AND TEST
Authors: Zheng Xilong , Li Dachao , Zhang Kexin , Xue Xiaojie , Min Fanhua
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a bottom-bearing arch bridge is taken as an example to carry out the bridge construction monitoring and load tests. In order to ensure the safety of the arch bridge structure in construction and reach the internal force state of the bridge, in the construction monitoring, the construction process of the main girder type and stress, construction error and safety state is monitored. At the same time, in order to verify whether the bridge can meet the design requirements, static and dynamic load tests are carried out after the bridge is completed. The results of construction monitoring show that the stress state of the structure during the construction process is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation and design requirements, and both meet the design and code requirements. The final measured stress state of the structure is within the allowable range of the beam and arch composite bridge, and the stress state of the structure is normal and meets the code requirements. The results of load test show that the measured deflection values of the middle section of the main girder of the test hole are all less than the theoretical calculation values, and the deflection is between 1.54~3.40 mm, indicating that the bearing capacity of the structure meets the design requirements. In addition, under the four working conditions, the measured values of the transverse strain of the main girder are all less than the theoretical values, and the values are all positive. The stress at the measured points is in the tensile state, which meets the design requirements, indicating that the structure has a good elastic recovery ability after unloading. This study can provide important reference value for the construction and design of the same kind of under-bearing arch bridge.
Quercetin Bioavailability Evaluation on Standardized Herbal Medicine Containing Guava Leaf Extract with HPLC
Authors: Yulion Rizky , Yulianis Yulianis , Suntri Suntri
Published: November 2023

Standardized herbal medicines are classified as one of Indonesia's natural medicine ingredients in addition to herbal medicine and phytopharmaceuticals. The safety and efficacy of standardized herbal medicines are scientifically proven through preclinical trials, and raw materials and products have been standardized. One includes standardized herbal medicines is diapet, psidii, lelap, fitolac, and glucogarp. To determine the bioavailability of standardized herbal products containing guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.). which uses single and combined natural materials. The method used is experimental with a crossover design. Blood samples are taken from the marginalis vein of the rabbit ear at 0.5 hours; 1; 2; 4; and 6. The level of quercetin in the blood is determined by the reverse-phase HPLC method. The mobile phase used is methanol:aquabidest (59:41,v/v), stationary phase octadecyl silica (C18), flow rate 1 mL/min, UV-Vis detector 370 nm, and injection volume 20 ?L. The value of bioavailability parameters obtained in the parameters Cpmax, Tmax, and AUC of product A is 1.486454 ?g / ml; 1.4 hours and 10.2615291 ?g/ml/h, product B is 1.29224019 ?g/ml; 1.5 hours and 11.30810501 ?g/ml/hour. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the bioavailability profile of the two products is not much different, so it is expected that the effects caused are the same.
Paměť a dějiny, soužití a vyhnání
Authors: Havelka Miloš
Published: November 2023

S odkazem na mezinárodní diskusi o založení Centra proti vyhánění v Berlíně se esej zamýšlí nad nezbytnou asymetrií mezi snahou o porozumění prostřednictvím interpretace, jak ji pěstuje akademická historie, a vzpomínáním na historické události ze strany jednotlivců a skupin, kteří se jich účastnili. Na pozadí a příkladu česko-německých vztahů a konkrétně otázky "transferu" esej upozorňuje na vzpomínky účastníků nejen z hlediska role, kterou hrají v historické vědě, ale také z hlediska jejich schopnosti generovat ideologické politické doktríny, udržovat nacionalistické animozity a stereotypy ve vnímání vlastního národa a těch druhých a udržovat etnické a sociální napětí. Jako základní prvek existence historické paměti se ukazují selektivní procesy sociálního zapomínání, v nichž se formuje a udržuje individuální a kolektivní životní zkušenost, vytváří se vnitřní komunitní pouto a upevňuje národní identita.
Kdo musí vědět, kdy byla bitva na Bílé Hoře?
Authors: Himl Pavel
Published: November 2023

Tradiční představa o jednotných dějinách má vliv nejen na jejich základní pracovní koncepty (postup v jasném směru, důležité centrum — nedůležité periferie, "význam" vnímaný z hlediska politicky vlivných skupin a uskupení) a způsob psaní. Jednotné Dějiny se také často odrážejí v jednotné Historiografii, tj. v relativně jednotném a centrálně organizovaném institucionálním mechanismu, který "vyrábí" dějiny. Tyto mechanismy, nejzřetelněji patrné ve vysokoškolském vzdělávacím systému, v podstatě neustále reprodukují hranice a modely "národní historiografie", jak vznikly na konci 19. století. Diskuse o alternativních přístupech k psaní dějin a formách výuky dějepisu nemusí na jedné straně představovat nic jiného než "boje o teritorium" v rámci stávajícího rozložení sil, na druhé straně však mohou přispět k rozvolnění představ o jediných Dějinách a jejich jediných přípustných interpretacích.
Tomáš Hermann, Emanuel Rádl a české dějepisectví. Kritika českého dějepisectví ve sporu o smysl českých dějin
Authors: Loewenstein Bedřich
Published: November 2023

Recenze
Gérard Noiriel, Penser avec, penser contre. Itinéraire d´un historien
Authors: Švaříčková Slabáková Radmila
Published: November 2023

Recenze
Prewencyjne zachowania prozdrowotne w czasie pandemii COVID-19 młodzieży uczącej się w Polsce w różnych typach szkół średnich
Authors: Błaszczyk Natalia , Koźlarek Marietta , Grajek Magdalena Magdalena , Jaskulska Sylwia
Published: November 2023

In the text, we assumed that the type of secondary school students may differentiate preventive health-oriented behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the text is to analyze the differences and to adopt recommendations for different types of secondary schools. The results of the study on a sample of 746 people aged 14 to 22 show that students of general secondary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic engage in more health prevention behaviors and have a more positive attitude towards them than students from technical secondary schools and from sectoral vocational schools. We design recommendations for educational practice within the framework of the Health Beliefs Model.
Przemoc prenatalna w obrazie klinicznym pregoreksji
Authors: Cichecka-Wilk Małgorzata
Published: November 2023

Prenatal abuse, its causes and consequences, are an important focus of prenatal psychology, a discipline that since the 1920s has occupied scholars studying the earliest stage of human psychological development. The term is used to describe all behavior of the mother towards the child, i.e. her various actions or omissions that negatively affect the child’s health, physical and psychosocial development and life. They can be intentional and deliberate but can also result from unintentional actions. The sources of prenatal abuse are manifold, one of which may be the mother’s illness, for example pregorexia, which is anorexia nervosa in pregnant women. These mothers engage in a range of pathological behaviors that undermine the welfare of their developing children. This is evidenced by the numerous negative consequences, which are manifestations of actions that damage their health and, in some cases, even destroy their lives. Their presence prompts a search for solutions that can prevent or help reduce this phenomenon. There are certain possibilities in the dissemination of correct knowledge about pregorexia and its consequences, adequate social support for pregnant mothers, as well as teaching women parental responsibility and the appropriate attitude towards their prenatal children.
Współczesna kobiecość i męskość w opiniach młodych dorosłych – analiza w kontekście stereotypów płci oraz własnych koncepcji tożsamości płciowych badanych.
Authors: Dobosz Dagmara
Published: November 2023

The analysis of the characteristics that society considers to be characteristic of each gender is one of the oldest perspectives in the study of gender stereotypes. Bearing in mind the changes taking place in the lifestyles of modern women and men as well as the fact that each era creates its own specific image of femininity and masculinity, the respondents (N = 450) were asked about what they consider to be the characteristic features of modern women and men. In addition, they were asked to identify the characteristics that best describe them. Analysis of the responses showed that the respondents attributed to modern women characteristics indicating the stereotype of a career-focused woman, while in the case of the male respondents, the indicated attributes of a modern woman, were a combination of the stereotype of a female sex object and a businesswoman. In the opinions of both groups of respondents, the masculinity is based on the characteristics traditionally attributed to men, gently expanded characteristics of the stereotype of a man, i.e. a life partner who is involved in family life. The question about self-perception in terms of femininity and masculinity showed that the vast majority of women surveyed described themselves using traits considered as typically masculine or combining masculine and feminine traits. In contrast, when describing themselves, men chose traits characteristic of traditional masculinity, while traits associated with femininity (e.g., caring) were only supplementary.
Effect of P and Ti on the agglomeration behavior of Al2O3 inclusions in Fe–P–Ti alloys
Authors: Dong Siyue , Wang Rui , Xie Likui , Kang Yan , Li Yihong , Fan Jing , Yu Zhiqiang , Yan Zhijie
Published: November 2023

Nozzle clogging occurs in the interstitial free (IF) steel with high phosphorus (P) more frequently than in IF steel with lower P. To explore the effect of P and Ti on the inclusion behavior in liquid steel, the in situ experiment and theoretical calculations were conducted. High-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy was used in situ to observe the inclusion behavior at the liquid Fe–P–Ti alloy surfaces, and the attractive and capillary forces were also calculated to quantitatively estimate the effect of P and Ti on the inclusion behavior. The results show that the agglomeration of Al2O3 inclusions involves four steps: dispersed Al2O3 particles in liquid alloy; formation of Al2O3 chain structure; bending of the Al2O3 chain, and sintering and densification of the chain structure. The addition of Ti and P in the steel can increase the agglomeration time of inclusions, indicating the impeding effect of P and Ti on the inclusion aggregation. Furthermore, the orientation factor is proposed to estimate the direction of movement of the small inclusion crossing between large inclusions, and the experimental results confirm its validity.
The impact of guessing and retrieval strategies for learning phrasal verbs
Authors: Strong Brian
Published: November 2023

Previous research on phrasal verbs has focused on the effectiveness of exercises requiring learners to provide the missing particle for a given verb. However, this research does not address other common exercise formats, such as those requiring learners to complete entire phrasal verbs. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring such an exercise format and its two principal implementations. The participants were 134 Japanese EFL learners. Both exercise setups present the definition and initial letter of a phrasal verb as a prompt. In the guessing method, students attempt to fill in the missing phrasal verb based solely on the prompt and then receive corrective feedback. In contrast, in the error-free retrieval method, students study the phrasal verb and its definition before attempting the same gap-fill exercise. Retention of phrasal verbs improved more with the guessing method. Further, across both methods, participants struggled more with recalling particles than verbs.
“
Hippapai
!” Horse-Carriers: A Master Ship of Ancient Thalassocracies
Authors: Nantet Emmanuel
Published: November 2023

Most powerful ancient navies included a type of ship that conveyed cavalry known as hippagogos – a master weapon of all sea powers – to carry out their expeditions overseas. Ancient thalassocracies understood that their dominion depended not only on fighting ships. Cavalry was necessary for victory on land and was thus a necessary component of their maritime strategy. Control of Mediterranean waters necessitated the construction of horse-carriers that provided much needed auxiliary support to the fleet. Although a naval force might include only a few of these vessels, their role was essential, and for this reason they were part of every significant fleet. Only sea powers with large resources and advanced nautical skills could commission horse-transports, which were old warships that had been transformed. This investigation traces the evolution in the use of vessels conveying cavalry from Persian expeditions in the Aegean to the Battle of Actium. The study considers the literary and epigraphic sources evidencing them in order to emphasize their continued importance for the evolution of naval warfare throughout antiquity. Athenian horse-carriers are the best documented examples and are considered the most extensively, even though many other powers used these kinds of vessels. At the peak of their maritime empire, the Athenian employed horse-carriers on multiple occasions against their enemies. The city-state was renowned for them to the extent that Aristophanes dedicated a comedic episode to them in his play Knights, which indicates the great interest of elites in these vessels. The article also reassesses the role of the cavalrymen who played pivotal roles in the expeditions of all maritime empires in antiquity.
Gli «amici» e i «compagni» del re: élites militari macedoni e persiane nel loro contesto sociale
Authors: Ferrari Marco F.
Published: November 2023

Riassunto

I rapporti tra il regno di Macedonia e l’impero achemenide rappresentano un tema molto dibattuto negli studi storici. Normalmente si è propensi a ritenere che il primo sia stato influenzato dal secondo sotto vari aspetti (sociale, militare, ideologico). Se questi rapporti ebbero certamente una grande spinta dopo la spedizione asiatica di Alessandro Magno, ben più difficile è capire la portata del modello achemenide sulla Macedonia prima di allora. Il presente contributo vuole analizzare questo tema dal punto di vista delle strutture militari, segnatamente dei reparti d’élites: partendo dal fondamentale contributo di Dietmar Kienast, si passeranno al vaglio le fonti antiche sugli eserciti persiano e macedone prima di Alessandro Magno per valutare la loro eventuale compatibilità in termini sociali, ossia la corrispondenza di reparti militari d’élite a gruppi sociali definibili come ‹aristocratici›. Se quest’ultimo scenario si rivela effettivamente applicabile al mondo persiano, il contesto macedone tra VI e IV sec. a.C. appare meno articolato e, soprattutto, mancante di strutture aristocratiche istituzionalizzate anche a livello militare. Si tenterà infine di mostrare come molte delle somiglianze tra esercito macedone e persiano siano realmente suggerite dalle fonti antiche post-alessandrine, le quali tuttavia proiettano sulla Macedonia tardo-arcaica e classica alcune delle caratteristiche proprie dell’impero che sarà conquistato da Alessandro Magno.
Presbeis Autokratores:
A Study in Ancient Greek Diplomacy and Constitutional Law
Authors: Harris Edward
Published: November 2023

This essay analyzes the term presbeis autokratores found in historical sources and in inscriptions. Previous scholars have not been able to give a consistent account of the term, which appears to vary in meaning. The analysis starts by examining the use of the term autokrator as applied to officials and public bodies and shows that the term refers to different special powers granted to officials, which are specified in each case but which may vary according to circumstances. The rest of the essay analyzes the use of the term and shows that presbeis autokratores were either sent to start negotiations with the power to receive proposals from a foreign state and to bring them back for ratification or to swear the oaths to a treaty the community had already decided to accept. The term is never found in multilateral negotiations. The use of the term in the speech ‘On the Peace’ attributed to Andocides is inconsistent with its use in the Classical and Hellenistic period, which provides additional evidence against the authenticity of this speech.