bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing Pillar‐Layered Covalent Organic Frameworks via Metal–Ligand Coordination for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Tianfu , Hu Hongyin , Wang Yan , Chen Xinqi , Fan Jianxian , Li Donghua , Liu Shuangbin , Li Jinmei , He Tianwei , Lu Shuanglong , Qiu Li
Published: January 2025

Growing global concerns over energy security and climate change have intensified efforts to develop sustainable strategies for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2RR). Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for eCO2RR due to their tunable structures, high surface areas, and abundance of active sites. However, the performance of 2D COFs is often limited by layer stacking, which restricts active site exposure and reduces selectivity. To overcome these challenges, a new class of COFs known as pillar‐layered COFs (PL‐COFs) is developed featuring adjustable interlayer spacing and a 3D architecture. Characterization using PXRD, TEM, XPS, and EIS confirmed the successful integration of pillar molecules, which leads to increased interlayer spacing, crystallinity, and porosity. These structural advancements result in significantly improved electrochemical activity and selectivity for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Density functional theory simulations revealed that enhanced CO2 adsorption and CO desorption contribute to the outstanding performance of PL‐COF‐1, which boasts the largest interlayer spacing. This material achieved an impressive Faradaic efficiency of 91.3% and demonstrated a significant current density, outperforming both the original COF‐366‐Co and PL‐COF‐2. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the pillaring strategy in optimizing COF‐based electrocatalysts, paving the way for next‐generation materials for CO2 reduction and sustainable energy conversion.
Self‐Powered Polarization‐Sensitive 3D Photodetector with Fast Response Enabled by Mechanically‐Guided Assembly of Tubular MoS2/GaAs/InGaAs Heterostructure
Authors: Shen Mingyang , Wang Qi , Liu Hao , Ye Han , Yuan Xueguang , Zhang Yangan , Wei Bo , He Xue , Liu Kai , Cai Shiwei , Huang Yongqing , Ren Xiaomin
Published: January 2025

3D photodetectors (3dPDs) fabricated by mechanically‐guided assembly have garnered significant attention for their unique structures and photodetection capabilities. However, 3dPDs constructed with heterostructures still face major challenges and have yet to demonstrate self‐powered polarization‐sensitive photodetection, owing to the extreme difficulties in 3D assembly of heterostructures and the fabrication of perfectly‐matched electrodes. In this study, self‐powered polarization‐sensitive 3dPDs based on heterostructures have been demonstrated for the first time through the controllable rolling assembly and crafted electrode design of tubular MoS2/GaAs/InGaAs heterostructure. A dichroic ratio of 1.39 is measured under 650 nm wide‐angle omnidirectional incident light, and the underlying polarization mechanism is clearly elucidated through comparative experiments and simulations, primarily attributed to the uniaxially‐strained MoS2 in the self‐rolled‐up heterostructure. Benefiting from the built‐in electric field offered by the heterostructure, the as‐fabricated self‐powered 3dPD demonstrates a fast response time (τr/τf) of 710/700 µs, which is nearly two orders faster than the self‐powered polarization‐sensitive tubular 3dPD based on homostructures, meanwhile achieving a responsivity of 86 mA W−1. Significantly‐improved polarization‐sensitive photodetection performance of heterostructure‐based self‐powered 3dPDs can be expected via introducing functionalized 2D materials and semiconductors, thus making tubular 3dPDs great application prospects in low‐power consumption, fast recognition, and target tracking.
Near‐Infrared Organic Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Materials Constructed via Multiple Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Yu Longyue , Feng Ning , Fu Wenwen , Huang Xionghui , Li Xin , Xin Xia , Hao Jingcheng , Li Hongguang
Published: January 2025

Organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (OURTP) materials with white and near‐infrared (NIR) emission have unparalleled advantages in information encryption, bio‐imaging, and materials science. However, limited by the energy gap law, the NIR OURTP materials (exceeding 700 nm) are very rare, furthermore, these materials typically exhibit very brief phosphorescence lifetimes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find methods to achieve NIR afterglow emission with ultralong lifetimes from organic chromophores. Here, a universal strategy has been proposed to endow polymeric afterglow materials with wide color, ultralong lifetimes, and persistent NIR emission based on multiple sequential phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (P‐FRET). The poly(acrylamide‐co‐N‐vinylcarbazole) (PAMCz) with blue‐emission OURTP act as the energy donor while traditional highly fluorescent dyes (BODIPY derivatives, rhodamine b (RhB) and sulfo‐cyanine5 (Cy5)) with green/red/NIR fluorescence act as the energy acceptor. Significantly, the multi‐pathway sequential P‐FRET shows distinct advantages over single‐path sequential PRET, including higher antennae effect (AE), a broader spectrum of color‐tunability facilitated by the intermediary acceptor, and improved phosphorescence intensity and lifetimes of the terminal acceptor. By simply regulating the doping composition and concentration of these acceptors, a perfect white‐emission with CIE coordinate (0.336, 0.330) and persistent NIR‐emission with 2.7 s phosphorescence lifetimes are successfully realized.
Accelerating Discovery of Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials with High Lattice Thermal Conductivity: Combining Machine Learning and First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Liu Qingyu , An Ran , Li Chenxu , Chu Dongdong , Zhao Wang , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: January 2025

The exploration of mid/far‐infrared (mid/far‐IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with high lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) is urgent in advancing laser technology, as LTC enhances resistance to high laser‐induced damage. To address the issue of the existing methods being time‐consuming when measuring LTC, this study employed machine learning (ML) methods to efficiently predict кL based on a high‐quality dataset. Seven ML models are trained, and the most optimal model is selected for identifying promising NLO materials with high LTC (кL > 1.0 W m−1 K−1). The application of the model to predict the LTC led to the discovery of LiZnGaSe3 and BeAl2Se4 as potential chalcogenide candidates from the NLO materials database. The integration of ML methods with first‐principles calculations confirmed the mechanical properties and high LTC of LiZnGaSe3 and BeAl2Se4. The chemical heatmaps of chalcogenides with high LTC are recommended. This approach facilitates the rapid screening and discovery of promising mid/far‐IR NLO materials with balanced properties and complements the кL data in the NLO materials database as an additional screening parameter for material properties.
Noble Metal Coating on Perovskite Microcrystals for Robust and Plasmonic Lasing Applications
Authors: Cho Sangyeon , Yan Hao , Yun Seok Hyun
Published: January 2025

Lead halide perovskites (LHP) are solution‐processable semiconductor materials with high optical gain and broad wavelength tunability, making them well‐suited for laser applications. Here, a solution‐based method for the 3D conformal coating of LHP microcrystals with noble metals is presented. A nanoscale metal coating layer is found to significantly enhance both laser performance and environmental stability. This enables gold‐coated CsPbBr3 microcrystals to be delivered into live cells, achieving single‐mode plasmonic lasing under optical pumping. Silver‐coated CsPbBr3 particles demonstrate stable plasmonic lasing in the air. This one‐pot synthesis method opens new possibilities for leveraging LHPs to implant micro‐laser sources into physical, biological, and industrial systems.
Interfacial Solar Vapor Generation: A Multifunctional Platform for Sustainable Water Production and Energy Cogeneration
Authors: He Xuedong , Liu Bowen , Yang Yawei , Zhao Qi , Shen Yuyao , Liu Yihong , Qiang Mengyuan , Que Wenxiu
Published: January 2025

Freshwater scarcity and the global transition to renewable energy necessitate transformative solutions. Interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) has emerged as a pivotal technology, leveraging solar energy for efficient energy generation alongside desalination and freshwater production. This review comprehensively examines the coupling mechanism of ISVG‐enabled water‐electricity and water‐hydrogen cogeneration systems driven by photocatalysis and ISVG, as well as highlighting advancements in materials and system integration that enhance performance and resource efficiency.
Overcoming Energy Storage‐Loss Trade‐Offs in Polymer Dielectrics Through the Synergistic Tuning of Electronic Effects in π‐Conjugated Polystyrenes
Authors: Cheng Yipin , Gong Honghong , Zhang Meirong , Ji Qinglong , Zhang Guanxiang , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: January 2025

Achieving high‐performance dielectric materials remains a significant challenge due to the inherent trade‐offs between high energy storage density and low energy loss. A central difficulty lies in identifying a suitable dipolar unit that can enhance the polarity and dielectric constant of the material while effectively suppressing the high energy losses associated with polarization relaxation, charge injection, and conduction. To address this, a novel strategy is proposed that introduces electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents on the benzene ring of polystyrene‐based polymers, creating bulky dipole groups that are resistant to reorientation under an electric field. This approach mitigates relaxation losses associated with dipole reorientation and manipulates the band structure via substituent modification to suppress conduction losses. Additionally, the deformation of the π‐electron cloud under an electric field enhances the dielectric constant and energy storage density. Ultimately, the optimized chlorostyrene‐methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer exhibits an 85% discharge efficiency and an energy storage density of 18.3 J cm−3, nearly three times that of styrene‐based copolymers under the same conditions. This study introduces a new approach for designing high‐energy density, low‐loss polymer dielectric materials by precisely controlling electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing effects to modulate the distribution of π‐conjugated electron clouds.
Pandanus plastomes decoded: When climate mirrors morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Wojahn John M. A. , Callmander Martin W. , Buerki Sven
Published: January 2025

Premise

Pandanus Parkinson (Pandanaceae) is a large genus of paleotropical tree‐like monocots. Previous studies using small DNA regions questioned the monophyly of the seven Pandanus subgenera, but low phylogenetic branch support hindered further investigations. We aimed to (1) test Pandanus subgeneric monophyly, (2) identify clade morphological synapomorphies, (3) investigate correlations between leaf anatomy of water storage tissue and climatic differentiation across clades, and (4) construct hypotheses on the genus' spatiotemporal history.

Methods

We sequenced 50 Pandanus species using genome skimming and reconstructed plastomes with MITObim. We inferred partitioned RAxML phylogenetic trees to test subgeneric monophyly using Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests. We inferred a partitioned dated BEAST phylogenetic tree used for ancestral state reconstructions of morphological traits. Phylogenetic clades were used to compare climatic (Bioclim) and soil (UNESCO Digital Soil Map) conditions using random forests. We correlated present morphology and climatic niche with past climate events.

Results

Our phylogenetic analyses revealed two clades and four subclades. Only subgenus Coronata was monophyletic. Staminate synapomorphies were identified for three subclades. Hypertrophied and hyperplasic water‐storage tissue was a synapomorphy for clade II, correlating with more seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes and more well‐draining soil. Clades differentiated during the advent of the Southeast Asian monsoon in the early Miocene, whereas subclades differentiated during the Miocene Thermal Maximum.

Conclusions

Pandanus subgeneric classification needs to be revised. Hypertrophied hyperplasic water‐storage tissue is a key trait in Pandanus evolution, possibly explaining climatic and biogeographic patterns because it is key to maintaining photosynthesis during periods of hydric stress.
Studies on the Synthesis of Some Functionalized Azaheterocycles through Oxidative Ring Opening/Ring Closing by Reductive Amination
Authors: Nonn Melinda , Berkecz Róbert , Fustero Santos , Lackfi Ágnes , Hornyánszky Gábor , Kiss Loránd
Published: January 2025

Selected functionalized saturated azaheterocycles have been prepared by ring expansion from various cycloalkene derivatives involving oxidative ring opening/ring closing by reductive amination. Studies have been conducted regarding the outcome of the transformations, the effect of the ring strain, and stereocontrol. The synthesized amino acid derivatives possessing either an aryl or fluorine element in their structure might be relevant building blocks for foldamer chemistry.
Plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 are effective biomarkers for identifying CSF‐ and PET imaging‐diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: Insights for research and clinical practice
Authors: Zhong Xiaomei , Wang Qiang , Yang Mingfeng , Lin Gaohong , Yao Kexin , Wu Zhangying , Xu Danyan , Zhou Huarong , Chen Ben , Shi Haishan , Zhang Min , Shi Xiaolei , Zeng Yijie , Lao Jingyi , Liang Shuang , Li JiaFu , Liu Qin , Liu Huanmin , Chen Yunheng , Lin Yicheng , Ouyang Cong , Lv Jieqin , Liang Xiang , Cheng Yuwang , Ran Pengcheng , Gong Baoying , Zhang Bin , Guo Jianwen , Zhang Hong , Liu Sen , Zhang Jihui , Liu Haiying , Ning Yuping
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

With the advancement of disease‐modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), validating plasma biomarkers against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) standards is crucial in both research and real‐world settings.

METHODS

We measured plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217, p‐tau181, amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐40, Aβ1‐42, and neurofilament light chain in research and real‐world cohorts. Participants were categorized by brain amyloid status using US Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency–approved CSF or PET methods.

RESULTS

Plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 demonstrated superior accuracy in detecting brain amyloid pathologies, with area under the curve from 0.94 to 0.97 in all cohorts. Specificity was lower in the real‐world cohort but improved significantly by integrating demographic and clinical factors, aligning performance with research cohorts. Additionally, plasma biomarkers exhibited strong correlations with their CSF counterparts and PET standardized uptake value ratios, with significant associations in amyloid‐positive participants.

DISCUSSION

Plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 are effective diagnostic tools. However, patient demographics, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, and cognitive condition must be considered to improve specificity in the clinical practice.

Highlights

Plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 and p‐tau217/amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐42 demonstrated exceptional accuracy (area under the curve: 0.94–0.97) in detecting brain amyloid pathologies across both research (Southern China Aging Brain Initiative [SCABI]‐1, SCABI‐2) and real‐world clinical practice (RCP) cohorts.

Incorporating patient‐specific factors (sex, age, apolipoprotein E ε4, cognitive status) improved diagnostic specificity in the clinical RCP cohort, aligning its performance with that of research cohorts.

Plasma biomarkers, particularly p‐tau217 and their ratios, showed robust correlations with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and positron emission tomography amyloid standardized uptake value ratios, underscoring their value as non‐invasive diagnostic alternatives.

Plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 proved highly effective in diagnosing amyloid burden, offering a practical solution to bridge research advancements with real‐world clinical practice.
A Highly Dispersed Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalyst for Efficient Domino Hydroformylation Reductive Amination of Olefins
Authors: Sun Kangkang , Su Tianyue , Lu Guo‐Ping , Franke Robert , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2025

The hydroaminomethylation of alkenes using CO and H2 proceeds efficiently in the presence of a heterogeneous Co−N/C catalyst with highly dispersed metal centers. Various secondary and tertiary amines can be effectively synthesized from cyclic and linear aliphatic alkenes using this specific material. The active sites of the optimal catalyst result from the synergistic effect of atomically dispersed Co sites with their surrounding N atoms, and the high surface area as well as structural defects of the NC support. The broad applicability (>54 examples), including pharmaceutically relevant molecules, together with the high activity and reusability, underline the general applicability of this catalytic system.
Diffusion/Modulator Dual‐Mediated Solid‐Liquid/Vapor Interfacial Synthesis of Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework Membranes
Authors: Hou Shenghuai , Zhang Ganbing , Qiao Zhaoyu , Bai Yuxuan , Di Haoxin , Hua Yetong , Hao Tiantian , Xu Hui
Published: January 2025

Constructing oriented crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with controllable thickness for water purification is highly desirable. Herein, we present a simple and universal protocol to prepare high‐quality COF membranes on the inner wall of a glass vessel using a diffusion/modulator dual‐mediated solid–liquid/vapor interfacial synthesis strategy. By meticulous control of solvent and temperature, a thin supersaturated spreading liquid layer was formed on the glass wall surface and served as a confined microreactor for incubating crystal nuclei. This induced the aniline‐modulated solid–liquid/vapor interfacial exchange reaction and upward growth of a highly ordered COF membrane. The experiments and theoretical simulations revealed the underlying mechanisms of solid–liquid/vapor interfacial nucleation, growth and crystallization. Using this strategy, we created 13 types of new, free‐standing, imine‐linked COF membranes with exceptional performances in crystallinity, porosity, stability, processability and adsorption capacity. As an application demonstration, a COF membrane‐filled filter was coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography system for the automated removal of multitarget liquid‐crystal monomers in real water samples (removal efficiency≥96 %). This study enriches the synthesis toolboxes of COF membranes and broadens their application scopes.
Design, Synthesis and Application of Chiral Spirocyclic Bisindoles
Authors: Wang Jing‐Yi , Sun Jianwei
Published: January 2025

While modifications of the privileged catalyst backbones, such as 1,1’‐spirobiindane‐7,7’‐diol (SPINOL), have led to the development of diverse useful chiral catalysts, the incorporation of heteroarenes in such chiral spirocyclic structures has limitedly known. Herein we report the design of a type of chiral spirocyclic bisindole skeletons where the electronically distinct heteroarenes serve as direct anchor for functional sites. Separate approaches for the synthesis of two different families of such skeletons have been developed via chiral phosphoric acid and rhodium catalysis, respectively. Both strategies provided expedient access to the highly enantioenriched spiro‐bisindoles, owing to not only the high nucleophilicity of the indole ring, but also the robust asymmetric control. These new skeletons have been demonstrated as backbones of effective chiral catalysts for both transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis.
Interpretable Machine Learning Based on Functional ANOVA Framework: Algorithms and Comparisons
Authors: Hu Linwei , Nair Vijayan N. , Sudjianto Agus , Zhang Aijun , Chen Jie , Yang Zebin
Published: January 2025

In the early days of machine learning (ML), the emphasis was on developing complex algorithms to achieve best possible predictive performance. To understand and explain the model results, one had to rely on post hoc explainability techniques, which are known to have limitations. Recently, with the recognition in regulated industries that interpretability is also important, researchers are studying algorithms that compromise on small increases in predictive performance in favor of being more interpretable. While doing so, the ML community has rediscovered the use of low‐order functional ANOVA (fANOVA) models that have been known in the statistical literature for some time. This paper starts with a description of challenges with post hoc explainability. This is followed by a brief review of the fANOVA framework with a focus on models with just main effects and second‐order interactions (called generalized additive models with interactions or GAMI = GAM + Interactions). It then provides an overview of two recently developed GAMI techniques: Explainable Boosting Machines or EBM and GAMI‐Net. The paper proposes a new algorithm that also uses trees, as in EBM, but does linear fits instead of piecewise constants within the partitions. We refer to this as GAMI‐linear‐tree (GAMI‐Lin‐T). There are many other differences, including the development of a new interaction filtering algorithm. The paper uses simulated and real datasets to compare the three fANOVA ML algorithms. The results show that GAMI‐Lin‐T and GAMI‐Net have comparable performances, and both are generally better than EBM.
Agmatine suppresses glycolysis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF‐1α signaling pathway and improves mitochondrial function in microglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Milosevic Katarina , Milosevic Ana , Stevanovic Ivana , Zivkovic Anica , Laketa Danijela , Janjic Marija M. , Bjelobaba Ivana , Lavrnja Irena , Savic Danijela
Published: January 2025

Modulating metabolic pathways in activated microglia can alter their phenotype, which is relevant in uncontrolled neuroinflammation as a component of various neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated how pretreatment with agmatine, an endogenous polyamine, affects metabolic changes in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation, a murine microglial BV‐2 cell line exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence, we analyzed gene expression using qPCR and protein levels using Western blot and ELISA. Microglial metabolic status was assessed by measuring lactate release and cellular ATP by enzymatic and luminescence spectrophotometry. Mitochondrial functionality was analyzed by fluorescent probes detecting mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) and superoxide production. Our findings suggest that kinase pathways associated with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) regulate energy metabolism in pro‐inflammatory activated microglia. We have shown that LPS induces HIF‐1α and genes for glucose transporter and glycolytic rate, increases lactate production and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. Agmatine inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway and negatively regulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and HIF‐1α levels, reducing lactate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, which is supported by pharmacological blockade of PI3K. Pretreatment with agmatine also rescues mitochondrial function by counteracting the LPS‐induced decline in mtMP and increase in mitochondrial superoxide, resulting in an anti‐apoptotic effect. Agmatine alone increases intracellular ATP levels and maintains this effect even under pro‐inflammatory conditions. Our study emphasizes the ability of agmatine to engage in metabolic reprogramming of pro‐inflammatory microglia through increased ATP production and modulation of signaling pathway involved in promoting glycolysis and cytokine release.
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the elderly: Is there a role for epigenetic reprogramming reversal?
Authors: Romero‐Rodríguez Dámaris P. , Díaz‐Alvarado Carlos A. , Rocha‐González Héctor Isaac , Juárez Esmeralda
Published: January 2025

With the increase in the elderly population worldwide, the number of subjects suffering from tuberculosis (TB) has shown an increased prevalence in this group. Immunosenescence is essential in this phenomenon because it may reactivate the lesions and render their adaptive immunity dysfunctional. In addition, inflammation in the lungs of the elderly subjects is also dysfunctional. Although effective drugs are available, they are often tolerated inadequately, reducing adherence to the therapy and leading to therapeutic failure. Comorbidities, poor general health status, and other medications may lead to increased drug adverse reactions and reduced adherence to treatment in the elderly. Hence, older adults require an individualized approach for better outcomes. Trained immunity, which involves epigenetic reprogramming, may contribute to balancing the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immunity in older people. This review analyzes the relationship between inflammation, age, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, we hypothesize that immunomodulation using trained immunity activators will help reduce inflammation while enhancing antimicrobial responses in the elderly. Understanding immunomodulation's molecular and physiological effects will lead to informed decisions about TB prevention and treatment strategies uniquely designed for the elderly.
Factors Impacting Foreign Language Anxiety Among Counsellor Trainees: A Phenomenological Study Within the Willingness to Communicate Framework
Authors: Xiong Yiying , Liu Shuqi , Tang Hsin‐Ya , Feng Jiaqi , Yang Chengyang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Training English as an Additional Language (EAL) counsellor trainees is crucial to fostering a counselling workforce capable of serving diverse populations. However, Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) poses a significant barrier to their professional development, impacting their communication skills and confidence. This study explored the factors impacting EAL counsellor trainees' FLA by using the Willingness to Communicate (WTC) model as a framework.

Method

Through a phenomenological approach, interviews with 20 EAL trainees revealed various factors. The factors were organised into four components of the WTC model: situated antecedents, motivational propensities, affective‐cognitive context, and social and individual context.

Discussion

The findings highlighted the complex interplay between situational and personal factors shaping FLA and call for counsellor education programmes to develop holistic strategies that reduce FLA, thus enhancing EAL trainees' communication confidence and readiness for professional practices.
Extraction and Purification, Synthesis, Structure‐activity Relationships, Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Phillyrin: A Review
Authors: deng qingqing , Wang Ning , Dong Zeyang , Bai Jiaxin , Bai Jiqing , Wang xiaoping
Published: January 2025

Phillyrin (PHI) is one of the main active components in Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, belonging to the class of lignans, which has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐tumor, antiviral, antibacterial, weight loss and other pharmacological effects, involving a variety of potential signaling pathways, such as TLR, NF‐κB, PI3K/AKT, NRF2, PPAPs signaling pathways. The review search systematically and comprehensively CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science and other databases, screened nearly 100 relevant literature in the past five years, and summarized and evaluated the information of PHI extraction and purification, pharmacological activity, potential mechanism and structure‐activity relationship. And further discusses the pharmacological effects of PHI and potential molecular mechanisms. The results of the review confirm that PHI has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor and other therapeutic agents, all of which provide a scientific basis and direct reference for the pharmacological research of PHI.
Extravascular Temperature Control for Heatstroke With Multi‐Organ Failure: A Survivor's Case Report
Authors: Bich Van Ha Thi , Duc Lich Nguyen , Ngoc Anh Tran
Published: January 2025

Heatstroke is caused by a loss of control over body temperature. There is a high risk of death if it is not treated quickly and properly. In this article, we report a clinical case of a 21‐year‐old male patient treated for heatstroke with extravascular temperature control. The patient lost consciousness after being out in the sun for more than 2 h. His body temperature was 41°C upon admission to the district hospital, and then 4 h later, he was transferred to our department. The patient was administered extravascular temperature control with a target temperature of 33°C within 24 h. We rewarmed at a rate of 0.25°C/h to 37°C within 16 h, and the patient was taken off sedation to assess consciousness. After 2 days, the patient's consciousness improved from GCS 5 to 10, and the patient maintained a body temperature of 37°C for another 4 days. However, the patient still had liver failure and severe coagulation disorders on day 5. He was given fresh frozen plasma or plasma exchange. The patient was extubated after 8 days and discharged from the hospital after 24 days of treatment. In conclusion, extravascular temperature control can be used effectively to treat heatstroke, combined with the treatment of damaged organs.
The Value of Holistic Financial Advice
Authors: Benartzi Shlomo
Published: January 2025

Financial advice has historically been narrowly focused on investing decisions, which has led to skepticism from researchers and policymakers about its value, both in terms of the net alpha and personalization level of advised portfolios. This article explores the potential value of broader, or holistic, financial advice that also covers savings, debt and insurance decisions, which are relevant to a much broader population, not just those with enough wealth to care about investment alpha. The results show that there's tremendous value in holistic financial advice, which is worth $4384 per year or 7.5% of annual income for the typical household and translates into 2472 bps of the median 401(k) account balance. More importantly, this type of advice can be especially valuable for those with lower income who historically have been underserved. While policymakers have traditionally focused on the costs of financial advice, this research suggests that they should also be concerned about ensuring low and middle‐class households have access to valuable holistic guidance, which is becoming increasingly affordable by leveraging AI and other technologies.
Phosphorescent Isocyanide‐Metal‐Carboranyl Complexes of Copper(I) and Gold(I): Synthesis and Radioluminescence
Authors: Powley Samuel L. , Riley Charlotte , Le Phuoc Nguyen , Baidak Aliaksandr , Linnolahti Mikko , Romanov Alexander S.
Published: January 2025

A series of (L)MX (L=isocyanide; M=Cu(I) or Au(I); X=chloride or carboranyl) complexes have been prepared. The first examples of isocyanide Cu(I) chloride complexes with 1 : 1 stoichiometry between isocyanide and CuCl are reported and structurally characterised. The photophysical properties of (RNC)AuCl and (RNC)Au(η1‐carboranyl) complexes have been investigated. Complexes (RNC)Au(η1‐carboranyl) show no aurophilic Au−Au interactions and emit long‐lived deep‐blue phosphorescence up to 377 μs. The radioluminescence of these gold complexes was studied to show a superior radioluminescence stability for the gold(carboranyl) complexes compared to gold chloride materials under constant high energy X‐ray radiation of 350 keV.
Outcomes and treatment patterns for stage I human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 2010–2019
Authors: Waks Adrienne G. , Tarantino Paolo , Chen Emily L. , Freedman Rachel A. , Lin Nancy U. , Tayob Nabihah , Vallejo Carlos T. , Leone Julieta , Tolaney Sara M. , Leone Jose Pablo
Published: January 2025

Background

The risk of recurrence in patients with small, lymph node‐negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancers untreated with adjuvant chemotherapy/HER2‐directed therapy is uncertain. To investigate this, the authors conducted a retrospective, population‐based study of chemotherapy use and breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) among patients with stage IA HER2‐positive breast cancer.

Methods

The authors analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from patients diagnosed with stage IA HER2‐positive breast cancer from 2010 to 2019. They examined the frequency of chemotherapy use by tumor size and hormone receptor (HR) status and applied multivariate logistic regression to assess the factors associated with receipt of chemotherapy. BCSS was evaluated and performed multivariable Cox regression was performed to evaluate the association between chemotherapy receipt and BCSS.

Results

Among 12,896 patients, 74.0% had HR‐positive/HER2‐positive breast cancer, and 26.0% had HR‐negative/HER2‐positive breast cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy was received by to 58.9% of patients, with lower utilization for those who were older, Hispanic or Asian/Pacific Islander, separated/divorced/widowed, or had a lower median household income. The median follow‐up was 46 months. Among the patients who had pathologic T1 (pT1) microscopic, pT1a, or pT1b tumors, the 5‐year BCSS rate was 97.6%–99.6% in those who had no evidence of chemotherapy receipt in the medical record versus 98.4%–100.0% in those who did receive chemotherapy. Among patients who had pT1c tumors and had no evidence of chemotherapy receipt, the 5‐year BCSS rate was 92.1% for those with HR‐negative/HER2‐positive breast cancer and 96.0% for those with HR‐positive/HER2‐positive breast cancer. Patients who had pT1c tumors and received chemotherapy had a 5‐year BCSS rate of 96.7% in those with HR‐negative/HER2‐positive breast cancer and 98.7% in those with HR‐positive/HER2‐positive breast cancer.

Conclusions

In this large, population‐based study of patients with stage IA HER2‐positive breast cancer, patients who had tumors ≤1 cm had excellent outcomes with or without chemotherapy. Patients with pT1c tumors had a greater increase in BCSS with the receipt chemotherapy.
The Effectiveness of Multimodality Treatment Including Stabilization Splint and Low‐Level Laser Therapies on Managing Temporomandibular Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Afshari Zahra , Kookhi Nazieh Abdollah , Shamali Mahdi , Monfared Majid Sedaghat , Tavakolizadeh Sara
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) encompasses various clinical issues affecting the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and surrounding structures. Common symptoms include pain, joint and muscle tenderness, and limited jaw movement. Diverse treatment options have been utilized to manage TMD. However, evidence of the combined modality treatment approach is scarce. This pilot trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining stabilization splint therapy (SST) with low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in managing TMD.

Material and Methods

This pilot parallel randomized clinical trial included 30 patients with TMD. Patients were randomly allocated equally into three treatment groups: SST, LLLT, and combined treatment (CT). Outcomes, including pain and functional limitations, were measured at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the start of each treatment.

Results

CT was significantly more effective in reducing pain in patients with TMD compared to LLLT and SST. Although patients in the LLLT group reported significantly reduced pain, they still had higher pain scores compared to the SST group at certain time points, indicating that LLLT was not as effective as SST. Most functional limitations were improved over time, more consistently within the CT group, but without significant differences between the three groups. Patients were more satisfied with CT compared to LLLT and SST.

Conclusions

The superior results of the CT group over the SST and LLLT groups were evident in this pilot trial's outcomes. The combined modality treatment approach seems to yield the greatest improvement for TMD patients.
Assessing the Correlation Between Langerhans Cells Population and Prognosis of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ghazi Narges , Saghravanian Nasrollah , Saeedi Pooya , Maboudinezhad Mohammad Mahdi
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most prevalent oral cancer. Despite considerable advancements in treatment, the 5‐year survival rate remains relatively unchanged. Langerhans cells (LCs) play an important role in antitumor immunity. Therefore, we attempt to evaluate the correlation between the LC count and disease prognosis.

Materials and Methods

Histopathologic slides from 24 cases, with at least 2 years of follow‐up, were selected and categorized into early‐stage (12 cases) and advanced‐stage (12 cases) groups. An additional 12 slides of normal tissue comprised the control group. Immunohistochemical staining with the CD1a marker was performed to analyze the density of LCs. Statistical analysis assessed the impact of CD1a immune expression on patient survival and other variables such as age, gender, stage, and histopathological grade.

Results

Comparison of CD1a+ cell counts across the three groups revealed a significant decrease in the advanced group. Furthermore, a lower count of CD1a+ cells correlated with poorer disease‐free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.049). Although the CD1a+ cell count did not independently affect OS significantly (p = 0.210), it did show a significant impact on DFS as an independent variable (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The significant correlation between CD1a expression and patients' prognosis and survival rates suggests that CD1a+ cells could serve as a crucial prognostic factor in the management and treatment of TSCC.
Transmitter‐Side Converter Controlled Wireless EV Charging System Tracing Maximum Efficiency Using Model Predictive Control
Authors: R Venugopal , C Balaji
Published: January 2025

Dynamic response, lack of efficient power transfer, and high response time resulting in increased losses and reduced minimal efficiency are the major issues of the existing controls in the wireless power transfer (WPT) for EV charging applications. Model predictive (MP) control can handle several constraints and disturbances by predicting the future behavior of the system and generating control signals accordingly, making the system stable, and operating at high efficiency. This work proposes transmitter‐side model predictive (MP) control for the three‐level T‐type inverter–based wireless EV chargers. The prime focus of this article is attaining remarkable efficiency and offering CC/CV charging for the EV battery. The validation of the proposed MP control is carried out with a 3.3‐kW laboratory model. The steady‐state behavior and dynamic performance under sudden changes in the load and misalignment (vertical and horizontal) were studied in detail. The results provided validate the effectiveness of the proposed MP control.
A GPU‐Accelerated 3D Unstructured Mesh Based Particle Tracking Code for Multi‐Species Impurity Transport Simulation in Fusion Tokamaks
Authors: Nath Dhyanjyoti D. , Younkin Timothy R. , Guterl Jerome , Shephard Mark S. , Sahni Onkar
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the multi‐species global impurity transport capability developed in a GPU‐accelerated fully 3D unstructured mesh‐based code, GITRm, to simultaneously track multiple impurity species and handle interactions of these impurities with mixed‐material surfaces. Different computational approaches to model particle‐surface interaction or surface response have been developed and compared. Sheath electric field is taken into account by employing a fast distance‐to‐boundary calculation, which is carried out in parallel on distributed or partitioned meshes on multiple GPUs without the need for any inter‐process communication during the simulation. Several example cases, including two for the DIII‐D tokamak, that is, one with the SAS‐V divertor and the other with the collector probes, are used to demonstrate the utility of the current multi‐species capability. For the DIII‐D probe case, the capability of GITRm to resolve the spatial distribution of particles in localized regions, such as diagnostic probes, within non‐axisymmetric tokamak geometries is demonstrated. These simulations involve up to 320 million particles and utilize up to 48 GPUs.
Wireless Sensing‐Based Remote Detection of Concealed Metallic Objects
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Salman , Javed Imran , Loan Asim
Published: January 2025

Concealed weapon detection has gained widespread interest in recent times due to prevalent law and order situation. There is an ever‐increasing need of detection of body‐worn harmful objects from a safe distance to save precious human life and to cause minimal damage to infrastructure. Most of the conventional weapon detection schemes require proximity to target for detection. To alleviate the problem of close proximity, WiFi‐based wireless sensing has recently emerged as a promising technique for remote detection and sensing in different applications. The focus of this research is to implement a low cost and robust WiFi‐based wireless detection system for body‐worn concealed objects. The methodology is based on utilizing low‐cost WiFi sensors to acquire Channel State Information (CSI), smoothening/filtering of CSI data, extraction of different statistical parameters and building a model to differentiate among two cases of body‐plus‐weapon and body only. Probability density functions of the variance of CSI features are computed under metal and non‐metal scenarios, that are non‐overlapping, which validate the effectiveness of proposed approach to separate metal and non‐metal scenarios. Furthermore, heatmap images are generated and a deep learning model is trained to automate the detection process. Our deep learning‐based automated detection methodology has achieved an overall accuracy of 90.5% and 87.5% on test samples, respectively, for the detection of a metallic plate and a real gun in indoor setting at 20 ft distance from the antenna.
Inflammation biomarkers and Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study using NULISAseq
Authors: Di Molfetta Guglielmo , Pola Ilaria , Tan Kubra , Isaacson Richard , Blennow Kaj , Ashton Nicholas J. , Benedet Andrea L. , Zetterberg Henrik
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Increasing evidence links amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation with inflammation. This pilot study investigated the use of an immunoassay panel to map biomarker changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we evaluated the stability of protein quantification after multiple freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs).

METHODS

The nucleic acid‐linked immuno‐sandwich assay (NULISA) inflammation panel measured 203 proteins in serum samples of individuals with (n = 31) and without (n = 31) AD pathology. Linear models, adjusted for age and sex, contrasted protein expression across groups.

RESULTS

After multiple‐testing adjustments, glial fibrillary acidic protein (p < 0.001) and S100A12 (p < 0.001) were significantly changed in the presence of AD pathology. Furthermore, they correlated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (phosphorylated tau‐181 [p‐tau181], tau, and Aβ42). Additional markers were nominally changed between groups. Five FTCs caused minimal changes in measurements with the NULISA inflammation panel.

DISCUSSION

Monitoring of inflammation in AD, using the 200‐plex NULISA panel, demonstrates changes in peripherally circulating inflammation‐related proteins. Contrary to previous reports, FTCs had minimal impact on the quantification of inflammatory markers.

Highlights

The novel nucleic acid‐linked immuno‐sandwich assay (NULISA) inflammation panel, which includes 200 protein biomarkers, was used.

The panel was used for the first time in serum from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The protein S100A12 was identified as a potential biomarker for AD.

Inflammation markers were stable in up to five freeze–thaw cycles.
Successful treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for ulcerative esophageal stricture after chemoradiotherapy: A case report
Authors: Tateda Tetsuyuki , Kikuchi Hidezumi , Furusawa Keisuke , Matsuoka Yusuke , Asari Taka , Sawada Yohei , Nakagawa Satoru , Tetsuya Tatsuta , Chinda Daisuke , Sakuraba Hirotake
Published: January 2025

Severe esophageal strictures resulting from chemoradiotherapy pose persistent therapeutic challenges despite the availability of treatments such as endoscopic balloon dilation and medications. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a promising treatment option for refractory radiation‐induced injury to several organs. Herein, we present the case of a 79‐year‐old male patient with refractory radiation‐induced ulcerative esophageal strictures after chemoradiotherapy. Despite multiple interventions, including endoscopic balloon dilation, steroids, and proton‐pump inhibitors, the patient remained unable to tolerate oral intake. HBOT was initiated, leading to significant improvement in the esophageal ulcers and strictures within 1 month. HBOT was well tolerated; the patient experienced a sustained improvement in his quality of life. Two years after HBOT, esophagogastroduodenoscopy confirmed persistent improvement in esophageal ulcers and strictures. This case highlights the potential of HBOT as a therapeutic option for ulcerative esophageal strictures unresponsive to conventional treatments.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided radiofrequency ablation of small pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A prospective, pilot study
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Uchida Daisuke , Takeuchi Yasuto , Kato Hironari , Fujii Yuki , Harada Kei , Hattori Nao , Sato Ryosuke , Obata Taisuke , Matsumi Akihiro , Miyamoto Kazuya , Horiguchi Shigeru , Tsutsumi Koichiro , Yasui Kazuya , Harada Ryo , Fujii Masakuni , Otsuka Motoyuki
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided radiofrequency ablation has recently been introduced as one of the management strategies for small pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). However, prospective data on its safety and efficacy remain limited.

Methods

This prospective pilot study was conducted at Okayama University Hospital from May 2023 to December 2024. Patients with grade 1 PNENs ≤15 mm, confirmed by EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration, were included. The primary endpoint was safety (adverse events [AEs] evaluated according to the 2010 guidelines of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Severe AEs were defined as moderate or higher in American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy grading and grade ≥3. Secondary endpoints included efficacy (complete response on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography at 1 and 6 months), treatment details, device failure, diabetes mellitus exacerbation, and overall survival at 6 months.

Results

Five patients with non‐functional PNENs (median age: 64 years; median tumor size: 10 mm) were treated. AEs occurred in two patients (40%, 2/5), although none was severe. Both patients developed asymptomatic pseudocysts, one experienced mild pancreatitis, and both resolved with conservative treatment. The complete response rates on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography at one and 6 months were 100%. The median procedure time was 16 min without any device failure, and the median hospitalization was 5 days. None of the patients developed new‐onset or worsening diabetes mellitus. The 6‐month overall survival rate was 100%.

Conclusion

EUS‐guided radiofrequency ablation demonstrated a high complete response rate with no severe AEs in this pilot study, suggesting a minimally invasive option for small, low‐grade PNENs (jRCTs062230014).