bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An LPA Species (18:1 LPA) Plays Key Roles in the Self-Amplification of Spinal LPA Production in the Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Model
Authors: Ma Lin , Nagai Jun , Chun Jerold , Ueda Hiroshi
Published: June 2013

Background

We previously reported that nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is initiated by newly produced lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).

Results

In this study, we developed a quantitative mass spectrometry for detecting LPA species by using Phos-tag. Following nerve injury, the levels of 18:1, 16:0 and 18:0 LPA in the spinal dorsal horn significantly increased at 3 h and declined at 6 h. Among them, 18:1 LPA level was the most abundant. In the same preparation, there were significant elevations in the activities of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2), key enzymes for LPA synthesis, at 1 h, while there was no significant change in phospholipase A1 activity. Pharmacological studies revealed that NMDA and neurokinin 1 receptors, cPLA2, iPLA2 and microglial activation, as well as LPA1 and LPA3 receptors were all involved in the nerve injury-induced LPA production, and underlying cPLA2 and iPLA2 activations. In the cells expressing LPA1 or LPA3 receptor, the receptor-mediated calcium mobilization was most potent with 18:1 LPA, compared with 16:0 or 18:0 LPA. Moreover, the intrathecal injection of 18:1 LPA, but not 16:0 or 18:0 LPA, caused a spinal LPA production and neuropathic pain-like behavior.

Conclusion

These results suggest that 18:1 LPA is the predominant ligand responsible for LPA1 and LPA3 receptors-mediated amplification of LPA production through microglial activation.
An extraordinary T/NK lymphoma, nasal type, occurring primarily in the prostate gland with unusual CD30 positivity: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jiang QingPing , Liu Shaoyan , Peng Juan , Xiong Hanzhen , Xiong ZhongTang , Yang Yuexin , Tan Xuexian , Gao Xingcheng
Published: June 2013

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma(NKTCL), nasal type, occurring primarily in the prostate gland, is extremely rare. We present a case of primarily prostatic NKTCL in a 59-year-old man suffering from dysuria. Histological examinations revealed that diffused, large-sized, pleomorphic lymphocytes were arranged in an angiocentric distribution with large areas of geographic necroses. Additionally, the prostatic glands were diffusely infiltrated by heteromorphous lymphocytes forming lymphoepithelial lesions. The tumor cells were strongly expressed CD3ϵ, CD56, TIA-1, granzyme B and EBV-encoded RNAs. And interestingly, the lymphoid cells were also strongly immunoreactive with CD30. A rearrangement study showed T-cell receptor γ-chain gene rearrangement with monoclonal appearance. Though postoperative combination of chemotherapy was given, the patient died four months later. Our observation and other literatures indicate that extremely rare NKTCLs unusually express CD30. TCR gene rearrangement existed in some NKTCL, suggesting that a subset of NKTCL may be a mixed NK/T-cell differentiation.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9671878568932824.
Revealing water’s secrets: deuterium depleted water
Authors: Goncharuk Vladyslav V , Kavitskaya Alina A , Romanyukina Iryna Yu , Loboda Oleksandr A
Published: June 2013

Background

The anomalous properties of water have been of great interest for generations of scientists. However the impact of small amount of deuterium content which is always present in water has never been explored before. For the first time the fundamental properties of deuterium depleted (light) water at 4°C and 20°C are here presented.

Results

The obtained results show the important role of the deuterium in the properties of bulk water. At 4°C the lowest value of the kinematic viscosity (1.46 mm2/s) has been found for 96.5 ppm D/H ratio. The significant deviation in surface tension values has been observed in deuterium depleted water samples at the both temperature regimes. The experimental data provides direct evidence that density, surface tension and viscosity anomalies of water are caused by the presence of variable concentration of deuterium which leads to the formation of water clusters of different size and quantity.

Conclusions

The investigated properties of light water reveal the origin of the water anomalies. The new theoretical model of cluster formation with account of isotope effect is proposed.
Enforcement on a Grand Scale: Fugitive Intelligence and the Literary Tactics of Douglass and Melville
Authors: Hole Jeffrey
Published: June 2013

As works which had similarly evoked slave-ship revolt as topics for their prose fictions in the mid-1850s, Douglass’s The Heroic Slave and Melville’s Benito Cereno, Hole’s essay argues, offer noticeably distinct aesthetic, rhetorical, and stylistic presentations of slave rebellion and of conflict itself—that is, conflict as an aesthetic device within narrative as well as the thing being narrated, the manifestation of force between actors aboard the slave ship. Because the enforcement of US law and security by 1850 tended toward something supra-territorial if not transnational in scope and range—in fact, superseding the interests of the national body politic—Douglass and Melville also had to conceptualize how conflict was attendant with this enforcement, how conflict manifested both on a grander scale and in specific instances and intensities. The figure of the fugitive allowed each to theorize, dramatically and imaginatively, a set of relations that reflected their conceptualizations of conflict and strife within their nineteenth-century moment—conceptualizations, too, of US power if we understand this power as an arrangement that makes possible certain orders or types of conflict.
“I Am a Stranger with Thee”: Frederick Douglass and Recognition After 1845
Authors: Pratt Lloyd
Published: June 2013

Pratt’s essay explores how Frederick Douglass responded to the expanding racial segregation of the United States and the inhospitality to “colored” strangers that it represented by occupying and then refiguring the persona of the stranger. Douglass, Pratt notes, also asked his readers to become strangers in return. In this way Douglass constructed a virtual realm conducive to encounters among strangers that were predicated on mutual self-revelation rather than cross-identification. The variable extant meanings of strangerhood in this period meant that such gestures were not without their risks. Yet Douglass undertook to construct a new account of the human in which a reformed vision of strangerhood could found a revitalized democratic culture.
Aloe vera induced toxic colitis in a breast-feeding baby: a case report
Authors: Finn Daragh , Sett Arun , Ryan C. Anthony
Published: June 2013

Aloe vera is a plant that is commonly used as an alternative or complementary medicine. We present a case in which we believe maternal consumption of an aloe vera cordial led to toxic colitis in her breastfeeding infant. To our knowledge, a similar case has not been previously reported.
Megestrol acetate may stimulate the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 in breast tissues of women with breast cancer
Authors: Fahlén Mia , Löfgren Lars , von Schoultz Eva , Naessén Sabine , Carlström Kjell , Söderqvist Gunnar
Published: June 2013

Background: In women with breast cancer who were treated with either continuous tamoxifen alone or sequential tamoxifen followed by megestrol acetate (MA), we demonstrated significant positive associations between the breast tumor estrogen receptor (ER) and an increase in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) during tamoxifen treatment. We interpreted this as “ER uniformity” in different tissues, e.g., breast, liver. No other associations with ER were found. In the same study, the breast tumor progesterone receptor (PR) was determined. Our aim was to see if there were any associations between PR and endocrine changes during MA treatment.

Methods: The breast tumor PR before treatment and serum insulin-like growth factor I (∂IGF-1), steroids, steroid-binding proteins, and insulin before and during treatment were measured in 17 postmenopausal women with breast cancer who were treated sequentially with tamoxifen 40 mg/day followed by MA 160 mg/day in alternating 3-month periods.

Results: During MA treatment periods, the levels of IGF-1 and insulin increased significantly, whereas the levels of androgens, SHBG, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and cortisol decreased significantly. Significant positive correlations were found between the PR content and increments in ∂IGF-1 but not between PR and any other endocrine change.

Conclusions: PR expression in human liver is very weak, but malignant and normal breast tissues secrete considerable amounts of growth hormone and IGF-1 in vitro and in vivo. This activity is stimulated by progestogens. The association between PR and ∂IGF-1 may therefore reflect a direct PR-mediated action of MA on malignant and normal human breast tissues in vivo.
Paracrine and intracrine contributions of androgens and estrogens to adipose tissue biology: physiopathological aspects
Authors: Waraich Rizwana S. , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck
Published: June 2013

In mammals, the male and female hormones androgen and estrogen act as endocrine regulators of energy metabolism. However, adipose tissue is also a site of androgen and estrogen synthesis; androgens convert to estrogens in these tissues, and adipose tissue is also a reservoir of steroids that act locally in a paracrine and intracrine manner. Thus, in adipose tissue, the local output of sex hormones is more complex than would be suggested by routine measurement of serum hormone concentrations. This review integrates studies on the effects of androgens and estrogens in the developmental programming of adipose tissue function in early life and addresses the contributions of local androgen and estrogen metabolism on adipose tissue function in adults.
Bubble Columns with Internals: A Review
Authors: Youssef Ahmed A. , Al-Dahhan Muthanna H. , Dudukovic Milorad P.
Published: June 2013

Most industrial bubble column reactors require the utilization of internal structures for heat transfer and/or for controlling the flow structures and back mixing in the system. The internals denote all types of innards added to a bubble column, such as perforated plates, baffles, vibrating helical springs, mixers, and heat exchanger tubes. In commercial scale bubble columns, instrumentation probes, down-comers, and risers with heat exchangers are all considered. This review presents the state-of-knowledge of bubble columns with internals. It starts with an introduction. The second section discusses the horizontal internals, and the following section examines the studies involving vertical internals.
Infection and smoking are associated with decreased plasma concentration of the anti-aging protein, α-klothoa
Authors: Lam-Rachlin Jennifer , Romero Roberto , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Schwartz Alyse G. , Chaemsaithong Piya , Hernandez-Andrade Edgar , Dong Zhong , Yeo Lami , Hassan Sonia S. , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn
Published: June 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma concentrations of soluble α-klotho are different between women with microbial invasion of the intra-amniotic cavity (MIAC) and those without MIAC among preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to include women in the following groups: i) PTL with MIAC (n=14); ii) PTL without MIAC (n=79); iii) pPROM with MIAC (n=30); and iv) pPROM without MIAC (n=33). MIAC was defined as a positive amniotic fluid culture for microorganisms (aerobic/anaerobic bacteria or genital mycoplasmas). Amniotic fluid samples were obtained within 48 h of maternal blood collection. Plasma concentration of soluble α-klotho was determined by ELISA.

Results: i) The median plasma concentration (pg/mL) of soluble α-klotho was significantly lower in patients with MIAC than in those without MIAC (787.0 vs. 1117.8; P<0.001). ii) Among patients with PTL, those with MIAC had a lower median plasma concentration (pg/mL) of soluble α-klotho than those without MIAC (787.0 vs. 1138.9; P=0.007). iii) Among patients with pPROM, those with MIAC had a lower median plasma concentration (pg/mL) of soluble α-klotho than those without MIAC (766.4 vs. 1001.6; P=0.045). iv) There was no significant difference in the median plasma concentration of soluble α-klotho between PPROM without MIAC and PTL without MIAC (1001.6 pg/mL vs. 1138.9 pg/mL, respectively; P=0.5). v) After adjustment for potential confounders (maternal age, tobacco use, gestational age at venipuncture), soluble α-klotho remained significantly associated with MIAC (P=0.02); and vi) Among patients without MIAC, smoking was significantly associated with a lower median plasma concentration soluble α-klotho than in non-smokers (794.2 pg/mL vs. 1382.0 pg/mL, respectively; P<0.001); however, this difference was not observed in patients with MIAC.

Conclusions: Intra-amniotic infection occurring at preterm gestations (regardless of membrane status) was associated with a decrease in maternal plasma concentrations of soluble α-klotho. Moreover, among patients without infection, the plasma concentration of α-klotho was lower in smokers.
Japanese Students’ Academic and Social Experiences at a Predominantly White University in the United States
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Hodge Samuel R.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore Japanese students’ views about their academic and social experiences at majority White university in the United States (US). The six participants were Japanese undergraduate students (4 males, 2 females) with various academic majors. This descriptive qualitative study was situated in the concept of an academic Soujourner (Sato & Hodge, 2009;Siu, 1952). The primary data sources were a demographic survey and interviews. The demographic data were analyzed descriptively (Gravetter & Wallnau, 1996). The interview data were analyzed by constant comparative method (Merriam, 1998) and uncovered the recurrent themes: (a) differences exacerbate difficulties, (b) unwelcomed outsider, and (c) shifting attitudes. The participants’ cultural and linguistic differences exacerbated their academic and social difficulties. They were marginalized, which led to negative attitude shift against White peers. Implications and recommendations for improving the experiences of Asian international students at US college and universities are discussed.
Automatisierter modellbasierter Applikationstest für SPS Steuerungsprogramme auf der Basis von UML
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Kormann Benjamin , Tikhonov Dimitry , Rösch Susanne
Published: June 2013

Die zunehmende Entwicklungskomplexität von Steuerungsprogrammen erfordert neue Methoden sowie einen automatisierten Testansatz, um ein gefordertes Qualitätsmaß effizient nachweisen zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein modellbasierter Ansatz zur Testfallerstellung mit UML-Sequenzdiagrammen (UML-SD) und eine universelle Testsystemarchitektur vorgestellt. Für die Generierung ausführbarer Testfälle aus Modellen erfolgt eine semantische Adaption von UML-SD an die zyklische Ausführungslogik. Anhand eines Beispiels wird die aufwandsarme Erstellung, Ausführung und Auswertung von Testfällen gezeigt.
Koexistenzsimulation von drahtlosen Systemen als Bestandteil des Engineerings
Authors: Schimschar André , Krätzig Marko , Wollschläger Martin
Published: June 2013

Obwohl die drahtlose Kommunikation fester Bestandteil der industriellen Automation ist und viele Automatisierungsanwendungen auf Funk zurückgreifen, sind drahtlose Lösungen bisher nicht voll in den Lebenszyklusprozess von Automatisierungssystemen integriert. Neben der Auswahl, Planung und Diagnose von Funklösungen, wird der Anwender vor allem beim Koexistenzmanagement allein gelassen. Simulationen können ihn dabei unterstützen und funkrelevante Parameter während des Engineerings optimieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Problematik vor und präsentiert einen geeigneten Lösungsansatz.
Computational Molecular Engineering as an Emerging Technology in Process Engineering
Authors: Horsch Martin , Niethammer Christoph , Vrabec Jadran , Hasse Hans
Published: June 2013

The present level of development of molecular force field methods is assessed from the point of view of simulation-based engineering, outlining the immediate perspective for further development and highlighting the newly emerging discipline of “Computational Molecular Engineering (CME)” which makes basic research in soft matter physics fruitful for industrial applications. Within the coming decade, major breakthroughs can be reached if a research focus is placed on processes at interfaces, combining aspects where an increase in the accessible length and time scales due to massively parallel high-performance computing will lead to particularly significant improvements.
HPC in Germany: Infrastructure, Operations and Politics
Authors: Bode Arndt , Nagel Wolfgang E.
Published: June 2013

The overall scientific challenge for most areas of science is to master the presence of massive parallelism and, with its help, to allow high-end applications to benefit from the high-performance computing (HPC) technology available today. Many key issues need to be addressed, ranging from parallel programming paradigms, via dynamic load distribution, to energy-awareness, and scalability of algorithms and applications, to name just a few. This paper gives an overview of the HPC landscape in Germany. With the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) and the Gauss Alliance (GA), the structure of the German HPC centres offers users from all scientific areas access to HPC resources at all potentially required levels of performance. However, the significant contribution of these centres — beyond providing the hardware infrastructure — is to push software technology on all required key issues mentioned above, to make the access to HPC hardware resources efficient. In spite of the reasonable hardware funding of the GCS and GA HPC centres, the critical issue of finding the right “brains” to program the “racks” still continues to remain open.
Lecture Recording — a Success Story
Authors: Kandzia Paul-Thomas , Linckels Serge , Ottmann Thomas , Trahasch Stephan
Published: June 2013

Today, digital recording of live lectures is a common practice at many universities. This article provides an historical overview of this idea, from the first approaches starting 40 years ago to present-day systems and questions still subject of research.
Biohumoral and endocrine parameters in assessment of surgical trauma in open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Radunovic Miodrag , Radunovic Miroslav , Radunovic Mirko , Lazovic Ranko , Panic Nikola , Bulajic Milutin
Published: June 2013

Background/Aim. Every surgical procedure causes metabolic, endocrine, and
hemodynamic stress in the organism. The aim of this work was to assess the
extent of trauma following each of the two types of cholecystectomy
(traditional/open and laparoscopic) by measuring palette of biochemical
parameters. Methods. This prospective, single- center study included 120
patients subjected to elective cholecystectomy during the period of one year.
Sixty patients were treated laparoscopically and 60 traditionally. Biohumoral
and endocrine parameters were determined from 24-hour urine and blood. We
measured adrenaline, noradrenaline, metabolites of corticosteroid hormones
(17-hydroxyl and 17-keto steroids), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin,
glycemia, creatine-phosphokinase (CPK), lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), red
blood cells sedimentation and serum concentration of potassium. Results. We
observed significantly lower levels of adrenaline (p < 0.01), noradrenaline
(p < 0.05), dopamine (p < 0.01), 17-hydroxyl (p < 0.01) and 17-keto steroids
(p < 0.01), glycemia (p < 0.01), CPK (p < 0.01), LDH (p < 0.01) and red blood
cells sedimentation (p < 0.01) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
compared to traditional one. Significant increase in CRP levels was recorded
postoperatively in both groups (p < 0.05), as well as significant decrease in
serum albumin values (p < 0.05). Duration of the hospitalization following
laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly shorter (p < 0.01).
Conclusion. The intensity of organism response is proportional to the
intensity of surgical trauma. Metabolic, tissue and neuroendocrine response
of organism to trauma has lower intensity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in bipolar depression: Another puzzle of manic switch?
Authors: Krstic Jelena , Ilic Tihomir
Published: June 2013

nema
Malakoplakia mimics urinary bladder cancer: A case report
Authors: Ristic-Petrovic Ana , Stojnev Slavica , Jankovic-Velickovic Ljubinka , Marjanovic Goran
Published: June 2013

Introduction. Malakoplakia is an unusual and very rare chronic inflammatory
disease. In bladder especially it can mimic malignancy and lead to serious
misdiagnosis. Case report. We presented a case of a middle-aged woman with
persistent macrohematuria and cystoscopically polypoid bladder mass that
resembled a neoplastic process. The final diagnosis was based on cystoscopic
biopsy and microscopic findings of acidophilic, foamy histiocytes with the
presence of Michaelis-Gutmann inclusions which are characteristic for
diagnosis of malakoplakia. Immunohistochemistry confirmed diagnosis by
demonstrating CD68-positive macrophages. Conclusion. Urinary bladder
malakoplakia should be considered in patients with persistent urinary tract
infections and tumor mass at cystoscopy. Early identification with prompt
antibiotic treatment can be helpful in avoiding unnecessary surgical
interventions and in preventing development of possible complications.
Civic Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ohlmeier Bernhard
Published: June 2013

Education for sustainable development (ESD) often fails to consider the political dimension. To address this gap, this paper focuses on a specific political approach to ESD. The model presented is derived from the four sustainable growth targets of German Development Policy. Instead of relying on a neo-classical or neo-liberal economic paradigm, however, the goals of social justice, environmental sustainability, economic productivity and good governance are interpreted using a sustainability model. This model is anchored in a steady-state economy that has overcome the myth of unlimited material growth and seeks to stay within the limits of the planet's resources. The preconditions of good governance are outlined, and it is described how the state and civil society can contribute to this normative goal. In addition to social, ecological, economic and political components, the presented model for civic education for sustainability considers conflicts between different development components and the need for horizontal and vertical coherence. In conclusion, the paper shows that civic education for sustainability must aim to produce informed and empowered global citizens. Citizens should have the ability to employ their knowledge and skills responsibly through local and global civic involvement while also remaining aware of their own interests. Furthermore, it falls to educational policy makers to create national as well as international organisational structures that facilitate civic ESD.
Latvian Piano Teachers' Views on an Ideal Teaching Aid for Pupils - Young Pianists
Authors: Zīmele-Steina Ineta
Published: June 2013

Currently, in Latvia, an adequate teaching aid that would meet the major requirements of young novice pianists is not available. Consequently, a question arises: What could be an ideal teaching aid for them? The opinion survey of 165 piano teachers from all regions of Latvia was carried out according to a three-point scale, in which 30 parameters that would characterise the teaching aid were indicated. The quantitative and qualitative methods of data processing were applied in this research. The results of the survey show that an ideal teaching aid for young novice pianists should correspond to the pupils' age group and be multinational. The results of the empiric research were used to articulate the basic principles of the development of teaching aids.
Values Education - a Reality or Myth in Polish Schools
Authors: Świtała Eugeniusz
Published: June 2013

The United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), which is coming to an end, will offer all kinds of summaries and reflections on this issue. The aim of this paper, strictly related with the goals of the DESD, is to answer the following questions: (1) Is the Polish school ready to provide values education?; (2) How are schools trying to involve values education into the school practice?; (3) To what extent do the adopted solutions regarding programmes, curricula and textbooks match the requirements of values education, which is one of the pillars of education for sustainable development? The author presents an analysis of the content of selected curricula for the early stage of education and the textbooks used at this stage, paying special attention to values education based on pupils' and teachers' activities and experiences. The results of the analysis provide an unequivocal answer to the extent to which we are prepared to provide or to implement values education at this stage of instruction.
The Earth Charter: An Ethical Framework for a Feasible Utopia
Authors: Contini Valerio , Garcia Pascual Enrique
Published: June 2013

This research objective is to highlight an innovative, holistic, inclusive, integrated approach to a sustainable future promoted by the Earth Charter and describe the structure of its ethical framework. The main conclusion of the research is that the ethical framework of the Earth Charter is based on a limited number of core concepts: planetary human identity, feasible utopianism, co-responsibility and committed compassion. Planetary human identity is based on the capacity to incorporate nature into the process of identity building and integrate three complementary feelings: singularity, belonging to groups and belonging to the planetary community of life. The Earth Charter stresses the necessity to give a new life to utopianism by working out a critical-radical-alternative, but a feasible idea of future and our responsibility towards it. Moreover, the Earth Charter rethinks responsibility as co-responsibility and assigns it four different qualities: universal, synchronic, diachronic and differentiated and appeals to an innovative politically connoted notion of compassion.
Data Management for Fingerprint Recognition Algorithm Based on Characteristic Points' Group
Authors: Szczepanik Michał , Jóźwiak Ireneusz
Published: June 2013

In this paper authors present data management solutions for new fingerprint recognition based on minutes groups. They compared existing fingerprint recognition data store methods and their own solutions. Authors proposed a new algorithm based on distribution minutiae' groups using selective attention algorithms.
Review of research on haploid production in cucumber and other cucurbits
Authors: Gałązka Joanna , Niemirowicz-Szczytt Katarzyna
Published: June 2013

This review provides a summary of haploid induction methods and factors affecting the efficacy of specific methodologies as applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), melon (Cucumis melo L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai), winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and other cucurbits. This report is focused on studies that were carried out during the last 20 years.

The main objective of the research on the production of haploid cucurbit plants is to accelerate breeding programs through the use of homozygous double haploid lines (DHL) and to facilitate the selection of desired (e.g. disease-resistant) genotypes for breeding. Unfortunately, currently used protocols result in a low number of double haploids (DH). The most common and best-known method of obtaining haploid cucurbit plants is via pollination with irradiated pollen, which induces parthenogenetic development of haploid embryos in planta. The embryos are extracted from immature seeds and cultured in vitro to facilitate the maturation and development of plants. The studies described below were primarily aimed at the determination of an appropriate dose of radiation and the evaluation of the impact of the genotype and the time of year on the number of haploid embryos and plants obtained.

A less popular method of haploid production - ovule and ovary culture - is based on in vitro gynogenesis. The studies related to this method concentrated on optimising the composition of the medium and pre-treatment conditions (primarily temperature) to which the flower buds were subjected.

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to anther and microspore culture. As in the case of in vitro ovule and ovary culture, the medium composition and flower bud pre-treatment conditions were optimised. The most recent studies suggest that anther culture is comparable in effectiveness to the irradiated pollen technique.
Potential utilisation of vegetables and mushrooms as components of functional food
Authors: Sobieralski Krzysztof , Siwulski Marek , Sas-Golak Iwona
Published: June 2013

The importance of functional products on the world food market is increasing systematically. This has resulted from enhanced consumer awareness that health improvement may be attained through appropriate nutrition. Functional products are targeted to different groups of consumers who have increased nutrient requirements or are designed to improve specific functions of the organism. The market for functional food is also developing in Poland, but its growth rate is much slower than in other European countries. Moreover, knowledge on issues concerning functional food among Polish consumers is also low. Vegetables and mushrooms occupy an important position among functional food products due to their contents of many bioactive components that have a beneficial effect on human health and sense of well being. Vegetables in an everyday diet are natural sources of dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, anthocyanin, carotenoids and substances with an anti-carcinogenic effect. The fruiting bodies of both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms contain several active substances, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, specific proteins and phenolic compounds. Their positive effect for humans results from the interaction of different active components contained in their fruiting bodies. Several health-promoting properties of mushrooms have been documented, including anti-cancer, immunostimulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-diabetic effects. Consumers should have knowledge on the potential for health improvement thanks to the inclusion of vegetables and mushrooms in their everyday diets.
The current growth increment of pine tree stands comprising three different age classes
Authors: Kaźmierczak Katarzyna
Published: June 2013

The study presents the results of an analysis of the pine tree growth increments (height increment, dbh increment, basal area increment and volume increment) for a 5-year period. The study involved Scots pine trees of Kraft’s class 1, 2 and 3 (dominant stand) in stands of different age classes (II, III, V) growing in fresh mixed coniferous (BMśw) and fresh coniferous (Bśw) forest habitats. The multivariate analysis of variance was performed to assess the statistical significance of age and dominance of trees within a stand on their increment. The dominance position was classified for each tree using Kraft’s criteria. The following characteristic were also measured: dbh of the trunk in two directions (N-S and W-E), and crown projection area on the basis of the characteristic tree crown points, projected using of a crown projector, characteristic points in tree crowns (7 to 14 on average). The actual height was determined after trees were felled. The following measurements of the single tree growing space were selected and determined: crown projection area - pk (m2), crown diameter - dk (m), Seebach’s growth space number - dk / d1.3, crown projection area to basal area ratio d 2 k / d 2 1.3, crown deflection coefficient dk / h, single tree space ppd = pk·h (m3). We assessed the strength of the relationships between tree growth parameters and tree growth space, crown length, relative crown length and slenderness. Both the age and dominance position of trees within the stand affected the growth increments. The strongest correlation among measured traits was between the 5-year volume increment and decreasing slenderness.
Substrate influences the height of one- and two-year-old seedlings of silver fir and European beech growing in polystyrene containers
Authors: Banach Jacek , Skrzyszewska Kinga , Świeboda Łukasz
Published: June 2013

The effectiveness of different peat-based substrates was compared for the propagation of two mountain tree species (silver fir and European beech). The experiment was set up in the spring of 2006, and seedlings were grown in polystyrene multipots for 2 years. Four types of substrate were applied: (1) a newly prepared 1:1 peat-sawdust mixture; (2) a peat-sawdust mixture which had already been used for five production periods; (3) a peat substrate produced in the ‘Nędza’ container nursery (Rudy Raciborskie Forest District), consisting of peat and perlite; (4) a peat substrate, as described for (3), with added mycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma crustuliniforme. After sowing, polystyrene multi-pots were placed in a transparent tent.

During the autumns of 2006 and 2007, for both species and each substrate type, 25 seedlings were randomly selected for measurement of their above-ground height, root length, root collar diameter, above- and below-ground fresh weight.

Growth of one-year old and two-year-old seedlings of both species differed depending on their substrate. The application of a mycorrhizal inoculum positively affected seedling establishment, since the best height growth and largest seedlings of both species were grown on substrate (4). The growth of one-year-old fir seedlings in the ‘old’ peat and sawdust mixture (2) was similar to those seedlings grown on the turf substrate (3). Root:shoot allocation differed among the substrates. In fir, root:shoot allocation was approximately equivalent at 1:0.9, whereas for beech it was 1:2 in one-year old seedlings and 1:1.5 in two-year old seedlings.
Optimal conditions for the biological removal of arsenic by a novel halophilic archaea in different conditions and its process optimization
Authors: Taran Mojtaba , Safari Mazyar , Monaza Arina , Reza Javad Zavar , Bakhtiyari Salar
Published: June 2013

Recently, concerns about arsenic have been increased due to its high acute toxicity to human and serious environmental problems. In this study, the ability of Halorcula sp. IRU1, a novel halophilic archaea isolated from Urmia lake, Iran for arsenic bioaccumulation was investigated and optimized by Taguchi experimental design. The optimum conditions for high arsenic bioaccumulation by Haloarcula sp. IRU1 could be achieved in the presence temperature 40oC, pH 8 and NaAsO2 at 90 mg/L. Under optimum conditions, the microorganism was able to perform their desired function with a 60.89 percent removal of arsenic. In conclusion, Haloarcula sp. IRU1 is resistant to arsenic and removes it in different conditions.
High- and low-solids anaerobic digestion in laboratory model fermenter made from silage bags
Authors: Rusín Jiří , Kašáková Kateřina , Chamrádová Kateřina , Staněk Břetislav , Obroučka Karel
Published: June 2013

A laboratory physical model of a new type of anaerobic fermenter for “dry” and “wet” anaerobic digestion consisting of silage bags was designed. In the model, the experiment based on high-solids discontinuous anaerobic co-fermentation of agricultural substrates was carried out. It was verified that a horizontal fermenter constructed from silage bags is a suitable type of equipment for the production of biogas. The biogas production peaked at 4th day and was completed by 18th day. Within 18 days of discontinuous high-solids process (18.5-20.0 wt. %TS) the intensity of biogas production reached 1.18 mN3. m-3 . d-1, or 0.0012 mN3. kg-1 . d-1, and the specific methane production 0.01 mN3. kg-1, or 0.07 mN3. kgVS-1. After conversion of the modeling process to a semi-continuous low-solids mode (3.5-5. 5 wt. %TS) during the daily dosage of 87 wt % mixture of biscuit meal EKPO-EB with 13 wt % CaO, the intensity of biogas production reached the value 2.42 mN3 . m-3 . d-1, or 0.0105 mN3 . kg-1 . d-1. The fermentation bag appears to be a more efficient device in the semi-continuous “low-solids” Laboratory model: “(2 inches)”.
Experimental study and mathematical modeling of the residence time distribution in magnetic mixer
Authors: Rakoczy Rafał , Kordas Marian , Grądzik Przemysław , Konopacki Maciej , Story Grzegorz
Published: June 2013

This study reports on research results in the field of a mixing process under the action of a transverse rotating magnetic field (TRMF). The main objective of this paper is to present the effect of this type of a magnetic field on residence time distribution (RTD) measurements. This paper evaluates the performance of a magnetic mixer by comparing the results of an experimental investigations in a pilot set-up and theoretical values obtained from mathematical model. This model consisting of the set of ideal continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) fitted well the experimental data.
Prevalence and malignancy risk of focal colorectal incidental uptake detected by 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT: a meta-analysis
Authors: Treglia Giorgio , Taralli Silvia , Salsano Marco , Muoio Barbara , Sadeghi Ramin , Giovanella Luca
Published: June 2013

Background. The aim of the study was to meta-analyze published data about prevalence and malignancy risk of focal colorectal incidentalomas (FCIs) detected by Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT).

Methods. A comprehensive computer literature search of studies published through July 31st 2012 regarding FCIs detected by 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT was performed. Pooled prevalence of patients with FCIs and risk of malignant or premalignant FCIs after colonoscopy or histopathology verification were calculated. Furthermore, separate calculations for geographic areas were performed. Finally, average standardized uptake values (SUV) in malignant, premalignant and benign FCIs were reported.

Results. Thirty-two studies comprising 89,061 patients evaluated by 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT were included. The pooled prevalence of FCIs detected by 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.6-4.7%). Overall, 1,044 FCIs detected by 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT underwent colonoscopy or histopathology evaluation. Pooled risk of malignant or premalignant lesions was 68% (95% CI: 60-75%). Risk of malignant and premalignant FCIs in Asia-Oceania was lower compared to that of Europe and America. A significant overlap in average SUV was found between malignant, premalignant and benign FCIs.

Conclusions. FCIs are observed in a not negligible number of patients who undergo 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT studies with a high risk of malignant or premalignant lesions. SUV is not reliable as a tool to differentiate between malignant, premalignant and benign FCIs. Further investigation is warranted whenever FCIs are detected by 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT
Magnetic resonance imaging of vulvar dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans – report of a case
Authors: Ozmen Evrim , Güney Güven , Algin Oktay
Published: June 2013

Background. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the vulva is a rare low-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of vulvar DFSP were essentially unreported in the literature.

Case report. We report a DFSP of vulva with its clinical, histological and MRI features. As far we know this is the first case of histologically confirmed vulvar DFSP presenting with MR images. The diagnosis of DFSP is usually made by histopathologic and clinical findings.

Conclusions. MRI is useful both for the diagnosis of DFSP and following up the patients since it has high soft tissue resolution and no risk of radiation exposure. With MRI the relation to the adjacent anatomical structures, extension and depth of the tumour and possible lymph node involvement can also be demonstrated.
Inhibition of cathepsin X enzyme influences the immune response of THP-1 cells and dendritic cells infected with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Skvarc Miha , Stubljar David , Kopitar Andreja Natasa , Jeverica Samo , Tepes Bojan , Kos Janko , Ihan Alojz
Published: June 2013

Background. The immune response to Helicobacter pylori importantly determines the outcome of infection as well as the success of eradication therapy. We demonstrate the role of a cysteine protease cathepsin X in the immune response to H. pylori infection.

Materials and methods. We analysed how the inhibition of cathepsin X influenced the immune response in experiments when THP-1 cells or dendritic cells isolated from patients were stimulated with 48 strains of H. pylori isolated from gastric biopsy samples of patients which had problems with the eradication of bacteria.

Results. The experiments, performed with the help of a flow cytometer, showed that the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR-4 molecules, on the membranes of THP-1 cells or dendritic cells was higher when we stimulated cells with H. pylori together with inhibitor of cathepsin X 2F12 compared to THP-1 cells or dendritic cells stimulated with H. pylori only, and also in comparison with negative control samples. We also demonstrated that when we inhibited the action of cathepsin X in THP-1 cells, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were lower than when THP-1 cell were stimulated with H. pylori only.

Conclusions. We demonstrated that inhibition of cathepsin X influences the internalization of TLR-2 and TLR-4. TLR-2 and TLR-4 redistribution to intra-cytoplasmic compartments is hampered if cathepsin X is blocked. The beginning of a successful immune response against H. pylori in the case of inhibition of cathepsin X is delayed.
Research on a Hierarchical Dynamic Automatic Voltage Control System Based on the Discrete Event-Driven Method
Authors: Hu Wei , Zheng Le , Lu Qiuyu , Min Yong
Published: June 2013

In this paper, concepts and methods of hybrid control systems are adopted to establish a hierarchical dynamic automatic voltage control (HD-AVC) system, realizing the dynamic voltage stability of power grids. An HD-AVC system model consisting of three layers is built based on the hybrid control method and discrete event-driven mechanism. In the Top Layer, discrete events are designed to drive the corresponding control block so as to avoid solving complex multiple objective functions, the power system’s characteristic matrix is formed and the minimum amplitude eigenvalue (MAE) is calculated through linearized differential-algebraic equations. MAE is applied to judge the system’s voltage stability and security and construct discrete events. The Middle Layer is responsible for management and operation, which is also driven by discrete events. Control values of the control buses are calculated based on the characteristics of power systems and the sensitivity method. Then control values generate control strategies through the interface block. In the Bottom Layer, various control devices receive and implement the control commands from the Middle Layer. In this way, a closed-loop power system voltage control is achieved. Computer simulations verify the validity and accuracy of the HD-AVC system, and verify that the proposed HD-AVC system is more effective than normal voltage control methods.
Influence of the Culinary Treatment on the Quality of Lactarius deliciosus
Authors: Pogoń Krystyna , Jaworska Grażyna , Duda-Chodak Aleksandra , Maciejaszek Ireneusz
Published: June 2013

The influence of culinary treatment on the nutritional value and quality of Lactarius deliciosus was established. Mushrooms: unblanched (I), blanched (II), and unblanched with onion and spices (III), were fried in oil for 10 min. Fried mushrooms were assessed before storage as well as after 48 h in storage at 20 °C, and after 48 and 96 h in storage at 4 °C. Frying increased the dry weight, protein, fat, ash, total carbohydrate, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content, as well as the caloric value of the mushrooms. In addition, frying decreased the antioxidant activity, color parameters (a*, h*), and texture. The most significant changes due to culinary treatment and storage were observed in type II product. Microbiological analysis of the samples after a 48 h storage period at 20 °C revealed the total viable count over 106 and contamination with lactic acid bacteria. Fried mushrooms stored at 4 °C for 96 h were free from microorganisms.
Effect of Dietary Cholesterol and Cholesterol Oxides on Blood Cholesterol, Lipids, and the Development of Atherosclerosis in Rabbits
Authors: Hur Sun , Min Byungrok , Nam Ki , Lee Eun , Ahn Dong
Published: June 2013

Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of dietary cholesterol (CHO) and cholesterol oxides (COPs) on the development of atherosclerosis and the changes in fatty acid and blood characteristics in rabbits. In the first study, forty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 5 groups and fed commercial rabbit chow with no added CHO or COPs, 1 g CHO, 0.9 g CHO + 0.1 g COPs, 0.8 g CHO + 0.2 g COPs, or 0.5 g CHO + 0.5 g COPs per kg diet. In the second study, 24 male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups and fed a diet containing 2 g CHO, 1.6 g CHO + 0.4 g COPs, or 1.2 g CHO + 0.8 g COPs per kg diet. All diets induced atherosclerotic lesions in the rabbits’ ascending thoracic aorta. The serum CHO and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05) increased significantly with the increased levels of CHO in the diets. Dietary CHO or COPs did not influence high-density lipoprotein CHO levels. The ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid increased as the level of dietary CHO and COPs increased.
Quorum Sensing and Phytochemicals
Authors: Nazzaro Filomena , Fratianni Florinda , Coppola Raffaele
Published: June 2013

Most infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, which proliferate within quorum sensing (QS)-mediated biofilms. Efforts to block QS in bacteria and disrupt biofilms have enabled the identification of bioactive molecules that are also produced by plants. This mini review primarily focuses on natural QS inhibitors, which display potential for treating bacterial infections and also enhance the safety of food supply.
The Present and Future of Prostate Cancer Urine Biomarkers
Authors: Rigau Marina , Olivan Mireia , Garcia Marta , Sequeiros Tamara , Montes Melania , Colás Eva , Llauradó Marta , Planas Jacques , De Torres Inés , Morote Juan , Cooper Colin , Reventós Jaume , Clark Jeremy , Doll Andreas
Published: June 2013

In order to successfully cure patients with prostate cancer (PCa), it is important to detect the disease at an early stage. The existing clinical biomarkers for PCa are not ideal, since they cannot specifically differentiate between those patients who should be treated immediately and those who should avoid over-treatment. Current screening techniques lack specificity, and a decisive diagnosis of PCa is based on prostate biopsy. Although PCa screening is widely utilized nowadays, two thirds of the biopsies performed are still unnecessary. Thus the discovery of non-invasive PCa biomarkers remains urgent. In recent years, the utilization of urine has emerged as an attractive option for the non-invasive detection of PCa. Moreover, a great improvement in high-throughput “omic” techniques has presented considerable opportunities for the identification of new biomarkers. Herein, we will review the most significant urine biomarkers described in recent years, as well as some future prospects in that field.