bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Проблемы заключения мирового соглашения в гражданском процессе
Authors: Гореликова Х.А.
Published: February 2022

Настоящая статья посвящена анализу проблем, возникающих в рамках заключения мирового соглашения в гражданском процессе. Указывается, что мировое соглашение является документом, выступающим в качестве итога примирения сторон вне рамок использования иных примирительных процедур. Отмечается, что правовая регламентация заключения мирового соглашения не является совершенной, так как многие вопросы до сих пор надлежащим образом не урегулированы. Как следствие, автором выявляются существующие пробелы действующего законодательства и предлагаются возможные пути их решения. Безусловно, данная тема актуальна в современном мире.
Принцип contra proferentem в российской правовой системе и правовых системах других государств: практика применения
Authors: Иванкина А.В. , Вакилова А.И. , Галяутдинова Л.Ю.
Published: February 2022

Данная статья посвящена детальному анализу правовой природы принципа contra proferentem, его содержания и правового регулирования в российском законодательстве, а также в законодательстве зарубежных государств. Автором исследуется практика применения указанного принципа в судебной практике Российской Федерации и в зарубежной практике, отражающие специфику его действия. Также были выделены положительные аспекты применения принципа contra proferentem, отмечены сложности, которые могут возникать при его реализации.
Европейский союз: экономические взаимоотношения с Россией и США
Authors: Мотовилина А.В.
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся экономических отношений ЕС с другими странами. Автором изучена правовая основа взаимоотношений. Описаны результаты взаимоотношений и указаны варианты их корректировки.
Международно-правовой статус беженцев
Authors: Пиляев А.С.
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам международно-правового статуса беженцев. Анализируется правовой статус беженцев, их права и обязанности на территории страны. Приведены статистические данные по заданной теме и дано понятие беженцев из Федеральных законов, Конвенций и т.д. Исторически во всем мире имели место вооруженные конфликты международного характера, поэтому беженцы и вынужденные переселенцы продолжают существовать. Данная тема весьма актуальная, так как до сегодняшнего времени ей не уделялось достаточного внимания. Важен не только теоретический, но и практический аспект данного вопроса. Исследуется научная литература по заданной проблеме, а также практический отечественный опыт.
Проблематика аудиторской деятельности
Authors: Радоняк В.Р.
Published: February 2022

Автором анализируются основные проблемные зоны аудиторской деятельности. Перечислены задачи практики аудита как социального института и формы финансового контроля в современной России. Приведены основные причины низкого уровня спроса на аудиторские услуги. Упомянуты приемы и методы, используемые аудиторами, обеспечивающие систематическое и всестороннее изучение показателей финансовохозяйственной деятельности организации и ее структурных подразделений. Автор сформулировал и обосновал вывод о том, что становление аудита как социального института и формы финансового контроля в современной России можно назвать сложным последовательным процессом. В свою очередь, на текущем этапе развития, объединив национальную практику и международный опыт регулирования аудита, аудит перешел на новый уровень регулирования. В качестве выводов автором сформулированы рекомендации по решению вышеперечисленных проблем.
Некоторые вопросы судебной экспертизы в арбитражном судопроизводстве
Authors: Сулима Е.А. , Сухаруков А.Ю.
Published: February 2022

Стоит заметить, что судебная экспертиза довольно редко применяется в арбитраже, в отличие от других видов судопроизводства. Именно поэтому данный вопрос актуален. В научной литературе он малоизучен, учитывая специфику данной категории дел. В работе приводится анализ современного законодательства, рассматриваются некоторые аспекты судебной экспертизы: ее понятие, назначение, виды. В исследовании так же указывается практическая значимость, как самой экспертизы, так и отдельно заключения эксперта.
Применение полимерных материалов на основании метакриловой кислоты в составе ортодонтических аппаратов
Authors: Плотникова Т.В. , Фертикова Н.С.
Published: February 2022

Данная статья является обзором теоретического материала применения пластмасс в составе ортодонтических аппаратов холодного и горячего отверждения, также рассматриваются неблагоприятные воздействия метакриловой кислоты на организм человека.
Сертификация промышленной электроники
Authors: Арсентьев Н.Р.
Published: February 2022

В статье рассмотрены основные положения по декларированию и сертификации промышленной электроники.
Новый взгляд на гендерную принадлежность костюма
Authors: Музалевская Ю.Е.
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена современным взглядам на выражение гендерной принадлежности человека средствами костюма. Дизайнеры в создаваемых ими образах прибегают к нивелированию черт пола, что приводит к сложности их понимания для людей, далеких от модных тенденций. Коллекции часто «отрываются» от жизненных реалий, демонстрируя авторский взгляд на новые тенденции, которые пока не нашли полноценного отклика в повседневной жизни общества.
Ultrasonic cardiac output monitoring in intubated patients with and without COVID-19 in the ICU: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hedayati Emami Kaveh , Najafi Atabak , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba , Shariat Moharari Reza , Ahmadi Arezoo , Sharifinia Hamidreza , Vahidi Elnaz , Zarei Tayebeh , Hedayati Emami Setareh
Published: February 2022

Objective: The present study was conducted to compare mechanically ventilated patients with and without COVID-19 in terms of hemodynamic instability using cardiovascular indicators.
Methods: This prospective cohort study assigned intubated and mechanically ventilated patients to two groups, i.e. with COVID-19 and without COVID-19. The hemodynamic parameters measured and compared between the two groups on the first day of ICU admission and the following four consecutive days using an ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) included cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), stroke volume (SV), flow time corrected (FTc), minute distance (MD) and potential kinetic energy (PKE).
Results: Forty-three patients (males: 62.7%) were assigned to the COVID-19 group and 40 (males: 64.1%) to the one without COVID-19. Insignificant differences were observed between the two groups at baseline in terms of the mean homodynamic variables measured using the USCOM (P>0.05). The mean CO increased (P=0.020), the mean SVR insignificantly changed (P=0.267), the mean MD increased (P=0.005) and PKE decreased (P=0.066) in the COVID-19 group during the five days of evaluation. In the same period, the mean CO insignificantly changed (P=0.937), the mean SVR increased (P=0.028) and changes in MD (P=0.808) and PKE (P=0.539) were insignificant in the group without COVID-19. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the other homodynamic parameters during the follow-up (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The five-day changes in the USCOM-measured homodynamic parameters were lower in the group without COVID-19 compared to in that with COVID-19. In the group without COVID-19, no statistically-significant differences were observed between the mean follow-up values of the variables, excluding SVR, and their baseline values.
Antiemetic effect of ondansetron versus metoclopramide in nauseous isolated head trauma patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alimohammadi Hossein , Partovinezhad Hossein , Aliniagerdroudbari Ehsan , Babaniamansour Sepideh , Partovinezhad Effat , Shojaee Majid
Published: February 2022

Objective: As nausea is one of the most common annoying symptoms in isolated head trauma (IHT) and needs timely management to prevent further adverse outcomes, this study was performed to compare ondansetron and metoclopramide as therapeutic agents in nauseous IHT.
Methods: This study was a double-blind clinical trial. Participants were patients visiting the ED with the chief complaint of nauseous IHT event. Group A received 10mg/2ml of metoclopramide and group B 4mg/2ml of ondansetron through slow intravenous (IV) injection. The primary outcome was the severity of nausea 20 minutes after the intervention based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) score.
Results: A total of 130 patients participated in the study (65 in each group). The mean age was 30.5±20.5 years, and 73.1% of the participants were male. The decrease in the mean nausea severity scores was statistically significant in both group A (78.3±9.7 before vs. 29.8±16.8 mm after the intervention; P < 0.001) and group B (78.5±11.1 vs. 27.8±13.9 mm; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean nausea severity scores of groups A and B before the intervention (P = 0.93) or after it (P = 0.65). The decrease in the severity score of nausea was 48.5 mm in group A and 50.6 mm in group B, with no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.63).
Conclusion: Both Ondansetron and metoclopramide significantly reduced the severity of nausea in patients with mild IHT visiting ED but no treatment arm was superior. Both drugs showed good safety profiles.
Relationship between seizures and metabolic acidosis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Diler Yunus , Özdemir Serdar , Altunok Ibrahim , Emre Eroğlu Serkan
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess changes in blood gas parameters, such as pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), base deficit, and lactate values, in patients who present to the emergency care unit after a seizure.
Methods: This is a prospective study on patients who suffered a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The demographic and biochemical data of the patients and their blood gas parameters were recorded both at the time of presentation to the emergency department and during the follow-up examination.
Results: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. Among the patients, 60.3% (41) were male. The median age of the patients was 43 years (IQR: 29-65.25). The median initial lactate value was 5.7 mmol/L (25th and 75th percentiles: 3.5–8.5 mmol/L). The median follow-up lactate value was 1.8 mmol/L (25th and 75th percentiles: 1.1–2.8 mmol/L). The statistical analysis of the blood gas parameters revealed a statistically significant difference in the pH, PaCO2, base deficit, and lactate values between the initial and follow-up evaluations (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that metabolic acidosis with high anion gap may develop due to the increase in the lactate levels as a result of a tonic-clonic seizure.
Severity assessment of impairment in spinal cord injury; a systematic review on challenging points about International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yousefifard Mahmoud , Hosseini Mostafa , Oraii Alireza , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
Published: February 2022

Objective: Assessment of spinal cord injuries (SCI) severity is usually done according to the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). However, a limitation of ISNCSCI has not been thoroughly evaluate; therefore, a systematic review was performed to gather current evidence on the limitations of the ISNCSCI for assessing SCI.
Methods: An extensive literature search was performed using Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Scopus for all articles up until the end of 2017 and then was updated to the end of 2020. Data was summarized by two independent reviewers and limitations of the ISNCSCI was further categorized.
Results: 31 studies were included in the analysis. The limitations of ISNCSCI were classified into 6 domains: 1) lack of assessment of autonomic nervous system; 2) low value in assessing severity of SCI severity in children; 3) confounding factors which impact outcome are not accounted for by ISNCSCI; 4) lack of an established optimal cut off time point for administering the ISNCSCI; 5) low predictive and diagnostic value for assessing incomplete motor injuries; 6) poor classification and predictive value of the ISNCSCI.
Conclusion: Although the ISNCSCI is a commonly used tool to assess the severity of SCI, there are several limitations.
Early introduction of African medical students into scientific research: a viewpoint and literature review of the importance, barriers, and proposed solutions
Authors: Bah Ella , Eyame Njoume Frank , Nague Laurel , Owoundi Mbozo’o Yvanah , Dongmo Astel , Lafortune Mback Emilie , Berinyuy Mercy , Ravana Paul , Kourfed Souleymanou , Noah Rosalie , Jogo Leslie , Negida Ahmed , Esene Ignatius
Published: February 2022

The involvement of medical students in scientific research has been advocated recently in medical education. With the voices calling for evidence-based practice, scientific research skills emerge as a critical factor in preparing future generations of physician-scientists. However, Africa is a developing continent with limited financial resources, economic problems, conflicts, and political instabilities that slow the developments in medical education. The involvement of medical students of Africa in scientific research has taken a new shape recently with the formulation of student interest groups, collaboration based on personal communications, and non-governmental research societies. The present review highlights the importance, challenges, and solutions to involve African medical students in scientific research.
Brachial plexus injury following blunt trauma; an anatomical variation in electrodiagnostic findings
Authors: Abdolrazaghi Hosseinali , Haghshomar Maryam , Azadvari Mohaddeseh
Published: February 2022

Damage to the brachial plexus branches is one of the most important events during traumatic events, which may cause various disabilities. Electrodiagnostic testing is the preferred method to evaluate the extent of damage to the brachial plexus following trauma. The case presented in this paper, is a 26-year-old man who had near normal function of pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis muscles on electrodiagnostic testing following a right upper limb severe blunt injury at the level of his arm. After surgical investigation, we found a rare variation in the proximal part of the median nerve. In this case, branches to the pronator teres muscle and flexor carpi radialis had emerged from the proximal section of the median nerve in the arm region. This new variation holds important clinical implications especially in trauma patients presenting with weakness in forearm flexion.
LITERATURE AS A SCHOOL DISCIPLINE: FROM “SUBJECT-SUBJECT” TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Pavlovets Mikhail G.
Published: February 2022

The article focuses on some recent approaches to teaching literature as a school discipline, that arise to “reconstruct” it on a new ground in response to the general awareness of crisis in this area. Special attention is paid to the concept of “subject-to-subject reading method” formulated by a widely known expert on F.M. Dostoevsky’s work, doctor of Philology Tatyana Kasatkina. In this article we conclude that this method is hardly applicable for public schools, as it proposes conflict of a first reading experience and a research-based “re-reading” with a priority of the latter. This approach lets the image of reader’s life experience fade in the process of comprehension of the text for the sake of cognizing the subjectivity of the author. However, being relevant for a professional philological research, the method depreciates the role of readers’ subjective comprehension and interpretation of the text and may even discourage reading motivation of pupils, who do not look forward to getting a philological education, but for whom the free time reading and communication, based on the texts they read, may become one of the most significant life priorities.
“ACCESS POINT” – 2020: DIGITAL THEATER IN THE PANDEMIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Serdechnaia Vera V.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of digital theatre, that is a theatre created via digital technologies. Digital theatre needs to be distinguished from a “traditional” one, and a broadcast theatre, using digital technologies (online broadcasting). Digital theater, which had been developing even before the 2020 pandemic, flourished during the lockdown period, when theatres found themselves in a situation of forced isolation. The article analyzes examples of Russian and foreign performances, in particular, those been included in the program of the “Access Point” (“Tochka dostupa”) festival, which took place online in 2020. Digital theatre is created in particular formats via digital means and tools; it can use cross-platform instant messengers and videoconferencing software such as “Whatsapp” and “Zoom”, mailing and calling services, audio recordings; Minecraft, Sims and other creative media; augmented reality technologies.
NEO-BAROQUE ELEMENTS OF YURY BUIDA’S POETICS
Authors: Cenis Thomas
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the neo-baroque elements in the work of the writer Yury Buida, considers the concepts of neo-Baroque (Benjamin, Deleuze, Calabrese, Lipovetsky), as well as the relationships between Baroque and neo-Baroque in postmodern poetics. In Buida’s prose such distinctive features of neo-Baroque aesthetics are revealed as excessive quoting and genre-style eclecticism (“The Fifth Kingdom”); “rhythm of repetitions and breaks” in repetitive motifs and representation of the characters (“Everyone flowing”); manifestation of neo-Baroque melancholy and nostalgia (“The Prussian Bride”); the aesthetics of excess, manifested in the physical and moral deformation of the characters or in mass scenes of violence in a theatrical fashion; the image of the library-labyrinth (“Nscdtchndsi”). The article also interprets the role of the Königsberg text as an object of the author’s melancholy and nostalgia, an element of the narrative linking of the author’s stories. The neo-Baroque elements are analyzed not only as a re-mythologization of the style and of the specific views of the epoch, but also from the point of view of their poetic function in the texts. In Buida’s texts these elements can perform as tools of author’s control over the reader’s reception, as well as strategies aimed to confront chaos and entropy.
Disfunciones sexuales femeninas en la comunidad de Sayausí, Cuenca 2019
Authors: Pinos Vélez Erika Aracely , Picón Rodríguez Jennifer Pamela , Tapia Cárdenas Jeanneth Patricia
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la disfunción sexual femenina en la comunidad de Sayausí, periodo mayo-septiembre del 2019.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a 253 pacientes obtenidos por muestro probabilístico que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, utilizando el programa SSPSS versión 20. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité Institucional de Bioética de la Universidad Católica.
Resultados: la prevalencia de disfunción sexual femenina fue de 58.1%. En cuanto a la función sexual por dominios, la alteración del deseo se presentó en un 70% de los casos, seguido del dominio de excitación con 41.9% y el orgasmo con 37.2%.
Conclusiones: más de la mitad de las encuestadas tuvieron disfunción sexual según los puntajes del Índice de Función Sexual Femenina.
Artritis tuberculosa del tobillo. Reporte de caso
Authors: Bouchentouf Rachid
Published: February 2022

Introducción: la tuberculosis del astrágalo no es una patología frecuente, por esta razón se retarda su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos, necesarios para evitar la destrucción de las articulaciones y la deformidad esquelética.
Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 45 años de edad presenta traumatismo del tobillo derecho de 5 años de evolución, antecedentes familiares de tuberculosis pulmonar; acude a emergencia por presentar en el tobillo derecho tumefacción dolorosa y fístula cutánea, además de fiebre, sudoración y malestar general.  La radiografía y la Tomografía Axial Computarizada (TAC) del pie muestran una lesión osteolítica del astrágalo derecho. Es tratado con antibióticos para estafilococo sin mejorar la sintomatología. Se puncionó la herida, tomando muestras con resultado negativo en tinción Ziehl-Neelsen, cultivos de aerobios, anaerobios y citología. Se decide el abordaje quirúrgico de la lesión con drenaje. El estudio histopatólogico reveló la presencia de granulomas necrosantes.  Se evidencia mejora clínica y de seguimiento radiológico 9 meses luego de tratamiento para tuberculosis.
Conclusión: el presente caso nos muestra que en una lesión crónica inflamatoria de tobillo debe descartarse el diagnóstico de tuberculosis sobre todo en pacientes originarios de regiones endémicas de tuberculosis.
Tumor de Wilms. Reporte de caso
Authors: Vicuña Pozo María Fernanda , Arboleda Bustán Jenny Elizabeth , García Andrade Jorge Alejandro
Published: February 2022

Introducción: el Tumor de Wilms es una neoplasia maligna embrionaria, representa el 6% de todos los cánceres pediátricos, cuyo origen ha sido atribuido a trastornos en la histogénesis renal, al parecer se desarrolla cuando los tejidos blastemales metanéfricos no maduran adecuadamente.
Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 3 años con un cuadro de pérdida de peso, estreñimiento e hipertensión arterial. Al examen físico de abdomen se palpa masa a nivel de hipocondrio y flanco izquierdo; en ecografía renal se observa riñón izquierdo que en su polo superior se encuentra reemplazado por voluminosa masa sólida con calcificaciones vascularizada. La tomografía de abdomen confirma sospecha diagnóstica, evidenciando aumento de volumen del riñón izquierdo y que se encuentra desplazado caudalmente por una masa isodensa que parte del polo superior. Se procede a realizar nefrectomía izquierda más vaciamiento ganglionar y se confirma el diagnóstico de Tumor de Wilms con el estudio histopatológico. El paciente ha permanecido asintomático asistiendo a controles por consulta externa una vez al año.
Conclusión: caso clínico de niño con masa abdominal diagnosticado y tratado de manera oportuna en un hospital de tercer nivel.
La virtualidad, un reto para la educación, ¡ahora!
Authors: Castro Calle Fernando Eugenio , Medina Rodríguez María Elizabeth , Sacoto Molina Adrian Marcelo
Published: February 2022

Con la irrupción de las tecnologías el mundo ha cambiado, de la misma forma la educación se ha transformado, tal vez no al mismo ritmo de este mundo globalizado. La virtualidad conlleva una serie de retos pedagógicos que no se están viendo plasmados en la práctica educativa.
El presente ensayo busca reflexionar sobre el papel de la virtualidad en la educación, particularmente en la educación médica y el reto que esto implica a sus protagonistas en una modalidad que ha cobrado trascendencia con la pandemia del coronavirus.
Es indispensable repensar las formas de enseñanza - aprendizaje, reconocer las potencialidades de las herramientas tecnológicas y al mismo tiempo sus limitaciones; además, debemos reflexionar sobre la necesidad evidente de la presencialidad para el desarrollo de habilidades de los futuros médicos. La pandemia generada por SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) reveló muchas debilidades en el sistema educativo universitario; es necesario meditar la forma de reorganizar los aprendizajes y reconocer los errores, lo que permitirá a cada uno de los protagonistas del quehacer educativo junto con prácticas creativas mejorar la formación médica.
Al emplear los entornos virtuales para el aprendizaje nos enfrentamos a cuatro elementos: la formación docente, el compromiso de los estudiantes, un modelo pedagógico muy bien enfocado y los medios o recursos como las plataformas, la conectividad y el contexto que pueda ofrecer la institución educativa, todo esto sin descuidar aquellos componentes formativos que fundamentalmente requieren de la presencialidad.
Enhanced Activity of Anti-oxidant Enzymes by Foliar Spray of Nanoscale Zinc Oxide under Drought Stress Conditions in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Latha P. , Sudhakar P. , Prasad T.N.V.K.V.
Published: February 2022

Background: Zinc plays an important role in controlling both generations and also detoxifies free oxygen radicals that can damage membrane lipids and sulfhydryl groups. Zinc in particular has an action that prevents membrane damage induced by superoxide radicals that produce NADPH oxidase. The use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in agriculture had a significant impact on crop growth regulation, improved quality and improved stress tolerance. Hence, the current study aimed to study the foliar spray effect of nanoscale zinc oxide (25 nm mean particle size) at different concentrations and chelated bulk zinc suphate (ZnSO4) and comparable control (unsprayed) in peanut to investigate the oxidative stress induction and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT) under conditions of water stress. Methods: The experimental design was a randomized block design with two water regimes as main treatments viz., well watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions, eight foliar sprays along with unsprayed treatment (control) as sub treatments and 3 replications. The eight foliar spray treatments, includes nanoscale ZnO concentrations @ 10, 20, 40, 50, 100, 300, 1000 ppm, chelated bulk ZnSO4 (EDTA based) @ 0.1% (recommended dose). The antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT) under conditions of both WW and WS was determined in the lab using UV spectrophotometer. Result: The results of pot culture experiment revealed that nanoscale ZnO at a concentration of 50 ppm increased biomass and pod yield and promoted antioxidant enzyme activity under water stress and well watered conditions compared to chelated bulk ZnSO4. Nanoscale ZnO showed increased activity under lower concentrations and inhibitory activity at higher concentrations that highlights the need for careful use of these particles in agriculture.
Country Reviews of Social Assistance in Crises: A Compendium of Rapid Assessments of the Nexus Between Social Protection and Humanitarian Assistance in Crisis Settings
Authors: Mohamed Habiba , Szyp Carolina , Thorsen Dorte , Bellwood-Howard Imogen , McLean Calum , Baur Daniela , Harvey Paul , Lind Jeremy , Longhurst Daniel , Sabates-Wheeler Rachel , Slater Rachel , Warmington Amy
Published: February 2022

This collection brings together brief overviews of the social assistance landscape in eight fragile and conflict-affected settings in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East: Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia and Yemen. These overviews were prepared as part of Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research, a multi-year programme (2020–24) supported by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) of the UK government. BASIC Research aims to inform policy and programming on effective social assistance in situations of crisis, including for those who are experiencing climate-related shocks and stressors, protracted conflict and forced displacement.
Targeting Social Assistance in Protracted Crises
Authors: Sabates-Wheeler Rachel , Szyp Carolina
Published: February 2022

This brief highlights a number of targeting considerations that are unique to, or intensified by, contexts of protracted crises. We showcase the state of the evidence and debate, gaps in the knowledge, and directions for operational research that emerged from the thematic paper on targeting in situations of protracted crises prepared for the inception phase of the BASIC Research programme.
Financing Social Assistance in Crisis Situations
Authors: Slater Rachel , Longhurst Daniel , Harvey Paul
Published: February 2022

Protracted crises are increasing and becoming compounded, but financing solutions for humanitarian and social assistance in fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS) are not keeping up. UN consolidated (humanitarian/emergency) appeals have, over the past decade, been around 60 per cent-funded, despite growing exponentially in size. Social protection coverage globally remains limited, with only an estimated 45 per cent of the world’s population having access to any form of social protection. This figure dips below 10 per cent in many low-income countries (Development Initiatives 2020; ILO 2017). The lack of coverage comes at a time when global extreme poverty increased in 2020 for the first time in decades (World Bank 2020). Indeed, by 2030, 85 per cent of the extreme poor – some 342 million people – will live in FCAS (Samman et al. 2018). Financing assistance in these contexts is complex, often arriving late, and/or is earmarked for certain actors and activities, when what is required is flexible, multipartner programming. This is despite commitments made by the signatories to the Grand Bargain and at the World Humanitarian Summit to improve the timeliness, flexibility, transparency, and efficiency of aid. Solutions to these challenges remain poorly understood or caught in humanitarian or social protection silos.
Inclusion of Marginalised Groups in Social Assistance in Crises
Authors: Rohwerder Brigitte
Published: February 2022

Leave no one behind is the central, transformative promise of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at reaching the poorest and combating discrimination and (multiple and intersecting) inequalities that undermine people’s human rights. The importance of leaving no one behind is vital in contexts of recurrent shocks, climate and humanitarian crises, protracted conflict, and forced displacement that cause disruption, deprivation, and a lack of access to basic needs. Crises often exacerbate existing inequalities and vulnerabilities for socially excluded and marginalised people, including women and girls, children and youth, older people, people with disabilities, ethnic and religious minorities, and sexual and gender minorities. Social assistance, in the form of government provided or humanitarian assistance, seeks to alleviate crisis impacts. The structures, systems, and barriers that exclude some people generally can also exclude them from social assistance in crises. Such exclusion, both before and during a crisis, can increase deprivation, reduce resilience to shocks, and exacerbate protection risks by increasing people’s vulnerability to exploitation and abuse. Crises, consequently, can disproportionately impact marginalised people. A lack of inclusive social assistance programming thus undermines rights, ethics, and effectiveness in crises – as explored in this summary briefing of the three BASIC Research working papers on inclusion.
The Politics of Social Assistance in Crises
Authors: Lind Jeremy , Harvey Paul
Published: February 2022

Social protection policies increasingly exist in crisis-affected settings. Their implementation is mediated by politics, resource constraints, and the attitudes and beliefs of those responsible for shaping policy. However, prevailing perspectives on the politics of social protection (incorporating social assistance) are largely limited to settings that are not characterised by protracted crises and conflict. This brief summarises the state of what is known and what gaps there are in the evidence regarding how politics shape social assistance policy and implementation. It informs a future research agenda for assessing the dynamics and processes affecting how social assistance is allocated and to whom, including the roles and relationships between global, national, and sub-national actors that influence patterns of allocation.
Climate Adaptation: Lessons and Insights for Governance, Budgeting, and Accountability
Authors: Price Roz
Published: February 2022

This rapid review draws on literature from academic, policy and non-governmental organisation sources. There is a huge literature on climate governance issues in general, but less is known about effective support and the political-economy of adaptation. A large literature base and case studies on climate finance accountability and budgeting in governments is nascent and growing. Section 2 of this report briefly discusses governance of climate change issues, with a focus on the complexity and cross-cutting nature of climate change compared to the often static organisational landscape of government structured along sectoral lines. Section 3 explores green public financial management (PFM). Section 4 then brings together several principles and lessons learned on green PFM highlighted in the guidance notes. Transparency and accountability lessons are then highlighted in Section 5. The Key findings are: 1) Engaging with the governance context and the political economy of climate governance and financing is crucial to climate objectives being realised. 2) More attention is needed on whether and how governments are prioritising adaptation and resilience in their own operations. 3) Countries in Africa further along in the green PFM agenda give accounts of reform approaches that are gradual, iterative and context-specific, building on existing PFM systems and their functionality. 4) A well-functioning “accountability ecosystem” is needed in which state and non-state accountability actors engage with one another. 5) Climate change finance accountability systems and ecosystems in countries are at best emerging. 6) Although case studies from Nepal, the Philippines and Bangladesh are commonly cited in the literature and are seen as some of the most advanced developing country examples of green PFM, none of the countries have had significant examples of collaboration and engagement between actors. 7) Lessons and guiding principles for green PFM reform include: use the existing budget cycle and legal frameworks; ensure that the basic elements of a functional PFM system are in place; strong leadership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and clear linkages with the overall PFM reform agenda are needed; smart sequencing of reforms; real political ownership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities; and good communication to stakeholders).
Lessons Learned from Market Shaping Interventions to Stimulate Vaccine Production in LMIC
Authors: Quak Evert-jan
Published: February 2022

This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on the lessons learned on how market shaping tools can be used to stimulate vaccine production in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a focus on Africa. The purpose is to learn from these interventions in the context of shaping the vaccine markets in Africa to become less dependent on imports and to stimulate local production of vaccines. The rapid review concludes that it is the combination of market shaping tools (supply and demand sides) with efforts to mobilise resources and a clear industrial policy and strategy with long-term political commitment that is needed to develop fully integrated vaccine facilities in LMICs at the national and regional levels. These facilities or “vaccine manufacturing networks” in LMICs, particularly in Africa, need to sell below their production cost for many years after entering the market. This is because they compete within well-established global vaccine markets to which the low-income countries have access through pooled procurement mechanisms. This means that governments in low-income countries have arguably good access to affordable but imported vaccines while needing heavy investment and subsidies to develop competitive vaccine manufacturers. The literature on market-shaping is mainly conceptual without mentioning much empirical evidence. It has a bias on firms and presumes firm strategies to shape markets for their own benefit. The literature often underestimates the role that governments play in shaping markets. As such, this rapid review relies on other sources to investigate the interventions by governments to shape markets and how donors could support these governments in their efforts.
An Empirical Study on the Setting and Evaluation Method of the Controlled Coastlines according to the Hard Defense of Coastal Improvement Project
Authors: Yoo Young-Jae , Moon Yong-Ho , Park Won-Kyung
Published: February 2022

In this study, the appropriateness of structure layout design was reviewed by conducting on empirical study on Namhangjin beach to which the hard defense was applied so that an efficient layout design could be made when the hard defense construction was applied in the future coastal improvement projects. As for the research method, the controlled coastlines was set for the target beach, the evaluation shoreline was calculated for the structure, and the accuracy was reviewed by comparing it with the shoreline survey data after the project. In the case of Namhangjin beach, the feasibility of the coastal improvement project was confirmed by this study, and improvements in the wave height transmission rate ERF calculation formula were confirmed.
A Study on Analysis Method of Sea Level Change in Korean Coastal Zone
Authors: Yang Su-Hyun , Choi Seung-Bae , Ryu Hong-Ryul , Hwang Kyu-Nam
Published: February 2022

In this study, the analysis of sea level change using Lanczos filtering, a filtering method of Fourier transform, was performed. The high frequency(short period) of tide was excluded by low-pass filter of Lanczos filtering, the analysis of sea level change was carried out considering only low frequency(long period). First, all tide data provided by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration(KHOA) were preprocessed to delete the error value, the astronomical tide and the meteorological tide repeated in short period were excluded by Lanczos filtering. The Mean Sea Level(MSL) for each tidal station was calculated using these results, the MSL tended to rise at most point in the Korean coastal zone. And the rate of sea level change, which means annual sea level change(mm/year), was estimated and compared with previous study results. The rate of sea level change was higher than values in past study, this means that future sea level change may be greater than previous expected. The analysis method applied to this study can be effectively used to improve the accuracy of prediction of sea level change.
Promoting online purchase intention through website quality, EWOM, receiver perspective, consumer satisfaction and brand image
Authors: Wicaksono Aditya Indra , Ishak Asmai
Published: February 2022

Technological developments and pandemic conditions that limit people's movement have triggered an increase in the use of online shopping platforms. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in more depth the factors that increase online purchase intention. This study aims to analyze the effect of website quality on EWOM and the effect of EWOM and receiver perspective on consumer satisfaction and brand image. An analysis was also conducted on the influence of satisfaction and brand image on online purchase intention. This research is a quantitative study using primary data from distributing questionnaires to 250 online shopping platform consumers. The data in this study were then analyzed using the SEM (Structural Equation Model) method with AMOS 24 software. The results of this study indicate that website quality has a significant effect on EWOM. Furthermore, the receiver perspective and EWOM have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction and brand image. Consumer satisfaction and brand image have a significant effect on online purchase intention.
The influence of the Kirkpatrick evaluation level on the quality of learning systems in UPBJJ-UT Ternate students: Empirical study on open university
Authors: Efendi M.  , Zainuddin Zainuddin , MS Ahmad
Published: February 2022

This research aims to analyze the influence of the Kirkpatrick evaluation level on the quality of learning systems in UPBJJ-UT Ternate students. Kirkpatrick evaluation was conducted through four levels: reaction, learning, behavior, and results. This research is a quantitative study with a sample of UPBJJ-UT Ternate Students who registered in 2020.1 and followed tutorials in Ternate, Falabisahaya, and Bobong. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a sample number of 84 respondents. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with smart-PLS static tools. The results showed that all attributes of Kirkpatrick's evaluation level of reaction, learning, behavior, and result levels had a positive and significant effect on the quality of learning at UPBJJ-UT Ternate open university.
The performance based budgeting as a catalyst for effective delivery of primary health care
Authors: Mangwanya Maonei
Published: February 2022

The main aim of this article is to explore how performance-based budgeting has an effect on primary health care service delivery in the Eastern Cape. This article assessed the performance-based budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health in an attempt to advocate for effective and efficient health service delivery. The Eastern Cape Province is succumbing to insufficient funding at the provincial level and this has a clear-cut reflection on the administration of services within respective departments. The article is premised on a constructivist paradigm that adopts a qualitative approach where document analysis was employed for collecting data. The Eastern Cape Province is succumbing to insufficient funding at the provincial level and this has a clear-cut reflection on the administration of services within respective departments. The article employed the Public Choice Theory and the Concept of New Public Management. Three main findings emerged from the article of the crippled funds in the province, the human resources crisis, poor public finance management, and shortage of health equipment. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to examine the distinctive themes and sub-themes identified from within the reviewed literature. Recommendations were thus given based on the discussed and derived themes to ensure that there is an appropriate budgeting system to ensure efficient and effective provision of health care services in the Eastern Cape Department of Health.
Quo Vadis Trisakti, Semanggi I and II (TSS) case as a crime against humanity based on International Criminal Law perspective
Authors: Sergio Dellvin , Fransiska Asmin , Natania Tiffanny
Published: February 2022

The Trisakti Semanggi I and II (TSS) occurred in 1998 and 1999 during the reformation movement towards democracy upholding in Indonesia. Several students and people have been killed and injured in those days. The National Commission on Human Rights (KOMNAS HAM) has investigated the case and concluded that the case has a gross human rights violation aspect. The documents have reached the General Attorney of the Republic of Indonesia. However, there are obstacles faced by the victims and their families, the legal debate on whether the TSS can be classified as a gross violation of human rights or not. The Attorney General stated this doubt in their meeting with the Indonesian House of Representatives. The government's political will has been examined through the Indonesian Constitution in this matter. This article explores the burden of sufficient proof to conclude the gross human rights violation in the TSS case. Under the thorough independent investigation done by KPP HAM, the Trisakti Semanggi I and II (TSS) fulfills the elements of past gross violation of human rights known as a crime against humanity. The TSS case has met elements ruled under the ICTY and ICTR Statute 14, such as Article 7 of the Rome Statute 15. The article will also provide current discourse in a legal argument between national institutions regarding the case and what should be done afterward. The research uses a qualitative method with case studies related to the crimes against humanity at the national and international levels.
The existence of customary court at Lembang Nanggala Sangpiasalu, North Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Wiludjeng Henny , Feronica  , Suryaatmadja Shannon
Published: February 2022

The existence of customary courts in Indonesia is still prevalent. It had been erased and brought back again by national law. The present customary court is used by the Toraja Tribe. This article answers the questions of how is the execution of customary court in Lembang Nanggala Sangpiasalu and whether or not Kombongan is still used. Both questions are answered through research using the socio-legal method. The authors conducted interviews with To Parenge traditional leaders and a few members of the Lembang Nanggala Sangpiasalu society. The results show that the customary court still uses Kombongan and also musyawarah (discussion), but it is no longer obligatory to use the four levels of hierarchy Kombongan has. Parties involved in a dispute settled by Kombongan may choose to proceed with the higher levels of Kombongan or settle it through the district court.
Legal protection on discrimination towards transwomen in DKI Jakarta from human rights perspective
Authors: Sine Kherent Obeth , Fransiska Asmin
Published: February 2022

Human rights protection must be carried out without any form of discrimination. However, this is contrary to what happened to the sexual minority group (LGBTQIA+), especially for this matter, transwomen. Transwomen are seen as something different, something bad, immoral and the negative stigma from society is attached to every individual who is part of the group. In interviews conducted with several transwomen, discrimination against their group in various forms seems to be normalized even though, both internationally and nationally, legal protection and human rights of transwomen are guaranteed in every Declaration and International Human Rights Convention ratified by Indonesia, as well as set out in instruments national human rights laws such as the 1945 Constitution, Law no. 39 of 1999, and other human rights regulations. The research intends to explore the legal protection of discrimination against sexual minority groups (transwomen) in DKI Jakarta from a human rights perspective. When all are treated equally, discrimination should not occur. As long as there are no legal provisions that specifically regulate transwomen groups, their human rights should be guaranteed as human beings who have rights and dignity over themselves. This research is using the empiric juridical method through interviews and focus group discussion with the community or participants from transwomen and sexual minorities groups in Jakarta.
Safe deposit box regulatory model
Authors: Raharningtyas Marditia Putri Purbasari , Tania Catherine
Published: February 2022

Safe Deposit Box is a banking product that provides goods storage services, such as money, securities, and other valuables. This product guarantees the confidentiality of information related to its use. In this regard, the Safe Deposit Box is one of the services that is risky and vulnerable to being used by money laundering actors. Then, based on the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) it is stated that each country is obliged to identify, analyze, and evaluate the risks of money laundering and terrorism financing in that country. To follow up on these recommendations, Indonesia has established an Anti-Money Laundering and Prevention of Terrorism regime, as an effort to determine the direction and mitigate the risks of using financial services in money laundering practices. However, the need to protect Bank Secrecy cannot be ruled out. So it is necessary to make arrangements that can accommodate the need for a Safe Deposit Box Mechanism that can protect bank secrecy and prevent money laundering practices. Based on this research, the writing method used is a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and analysis related to the need for legal regulation and supervision of use related to Safe Deposit Boxes that can guarantee bank confidentiality, but can prevent money laundering practices, especially to identify user information, access data and information on money laundering practices and Politically Exposed Persons. (PEP) in Indonesia.