bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN MUTU BETON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI CARA PENGADUKAN (READY MIX, MOLEN DAN MANUAL)
Authors: Ginting Rahelina , Malau Winarko
Published: July 2020

Concrete work is widely used in construction projects now. To get a good quality concrete depends very much on the quality of the constituent materials, namely cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and also the process of working or stirring. In this research, 27 MPa concrete compressive strength will be investigated with various stirring methods (Manual Mix, Molen Mix and Ready Mix). These three methods of stirring certainly have their respective uses in the process, usually Manual, Molen and Ready Mix are used depending on the conditions of the project being worked on. From this test, results are obtained by means of manual stirring, Molen stirring and Ready Mix with compressive strength average: (266,467 kg / cm2) (278,368 kg / cm2) (284,595 kg / cm2). The results of the study stated that the research carried out fulfilled the estimation target 'c = 27 Mpa.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’WRITING ABILITY IN DARMA AGUNG UNIVERSITY
Authors: Purba Desmalia , Sihombing Humiras Betty M
Published: July 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang peningkatan kemampuan mahasiswa semester lima Fakultas Sastra Universitas Darma Agung dalam menulis tulisan ilmiah dengan menggunakan media hening tanpa suara. Media hening diambil dari video berita Liputan 6 yang tayang pada sore hari dari saluran SCTV. Artikel ini diambil dari penelitian yang berbentuk tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Sastra Program Studi Sastra Inggris Universitas Darma Agung yang terletak di Jl. TD. Pardede No 21 Medan. Hasil yang ditemukan dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media hening tanpa suara dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyusun tulisan ilmiah, khususnya proposal skripsi secara signifikan. Hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa hasil awal pada pre-test relative rendah 76.70, sementara hasil post-test setelah treatment pertama adalah 82.84 dan hasil post-test setelah treatmen kedua adalah 90.30.
Komunikasi Pemberdayaan sebagai Perspektif Baru Pengembangan Pendidikan Komunikasi Pembangunan di Indonesia
Authors: Setyowati Yuli
Published: July 2020

The presence of development communication is basically aimed at contributing to the development process, especially in order to accelerate the diffusion process of innovation. The diffusion of innovation in development is an effort to meet the demands of modernization. Therefore, development is often equated with the term modernization. One indicator of modernization is the presence of communication technology that is very fast developing. Communication technology that was created to facilitate human work in the end was not able to place humans as subjects, but instead became the object of technology. The helplessness of individual humans when dealing with communication technology is a picture of the failure of the development process and human-centered social change. Communities are often powerless to stem the hegemony of communication technology. Therefore empowerment communication is a new perspective in the education of development communication in the spirit of voicing the voiceless. This study aims to reveal the social changes that occur in the "thugs" community in the development process as an illustration of community empowerment in communication seen from the perspective of the theory of communicative action. This research is a case study using a qualitative approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study include: 1) Changes in people's mindsets are able to bring them to a pattern of behavior that is different from before. In the process of this change it can be seen that in the community there is a process of self-help to get out of stigma as a "village of thugs"; 2) Communicative actions of the community based on four claims according to the communicative action theory of Habermas in the empowerment process show the empowerment of the community in communicating that moves them in a living condition based on the existence of mutually agreed upon values and norms; 3) The functioning of social groups into public spaces for the community to communicate and express, thus fostering emancipation and solidarity among the community. Social groups are the most effective forum for empowerment at the community level that enables individuals to organize themselves in these groups (collective self-empowerment) so that a dialogical encounter occurs that fosters and strengthens awareness of communication and group solidarity.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DALAM PENANGGULANGAN PRA-KRISIS KASUS DI MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP CITRA PT KCI
Authors: Handayani Muthia , Arfahsita Anita Savitri , Ladybo Nabila Jafani
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dalam penanggulangan pra-krisiskasus melalui media sosial terhadap citra PT KCI. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan skala semantic differential. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengguna commuter line menilai kualitas pelayanan dalam penanganan krisis yang diberikan PT KCI baik. Variabel empathy merupakan konsep yang berperan penting dalam menentukan citra perusahaan dalam komunikasi krisis. Implikasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perlu menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dalam penanganan krisis di media sosial agar citra perusahaan meningkat. Dalam konteks komunikasi pembangunan, perusahaan perlu memiliki empati terhadap pengguna agar bisa melakukan komunikasi krisis yang efektif.
Opening KMP
Authors: Sarwoprasodjo Dr. Sarwititi
Published: July 2020

Opening KMP (Front Matter)
Back Matter
Authors: Sarwoprasodjo Dr. Sarwititi
Published: July 2020

Closing KMP (Back Matter)
Cathepsin L in unstable plaques
Authors: Bashir Ayisha Z.
Published: July 2020

Bridging the gap between the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, carotid plaques, and contributing to patient care is envisioned by incorporating bench research into technological interventions. Stroke is a massive public health problem, and in stroke care, immediate assessment and treatment are essential to reduce the risk of death and disability [1, 2]. However, many patients do not receive them due to lack of specialist services. Investigating the aetiology and underlying cause of stroke is key to prevention and rapid recovery. While health care professionals are using the latest technological interventions for the diagnosis and management of the stroke patient, the underlying pathology must be figured out, in order to bridge the gap between diagnosis and long-term care of the stroke patient. At least 20% of ischaemic strokes are caused by carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques [3, 4]. The determination of circulating inflammatory markers have the potential to identify individuals with symptomatic and unstable plaques [1, 5]. Patients with vulnerable plaques usually have a complex disease history and unpredictable road map of recovery.
State and trait anxiety in islander cardiac patients: associated factors and the impact of perceived social support
Authors: Legaki Fotini , Babatsikou Fotoula , Koutis Charilaos , Polikandrioti Maria
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Cardiac patients frequently experience elevated levels of anxiety, which may influence clinical outcomes. Perceived social support is a precious resource with which to minimise anxiety. The aim of the study was to explore levels of perceived social support, levels of anxiety (state and trait), and the associated factors as well as the impact of patents’ characteristics and social support on anxiety.

Material and methods

The study sample consisted of 82 island inhabitant patients with cardiac problems (49 men and 33 women). Data collected by the completion of the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and the Multidimensional scale of perceived social support questionnaire (MSPSS). The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Regarding state and trait anxiety, half of the patients scored below 37 and 38, respectively, (medians) while 25% of participants scored more than 50 and 48, respectively. These values indicate moderate levels of anxiety. Regarding social support, at least 50% of patients scored over 27, 27, and 20 (median) on support from significant ones, family, and friends, respectively. In addition, 25% of patients scored above 28, 28, and 26, respectively. These values indicate high levels of social support. The association between anxiety and social support was found to be linearly negative, meaning that the more support a patient felt, the less anxiety they also experienced.

Conclusions

Enhancing perceived social support may be a key-element in alleviating anxiety among cardiac patients.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio are associated with cryptogenic stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Caglar Fatma Nihan Turhan , Alp Murat , Karabulut Dilay , Isiksacan Nilgun , Katkat Fahrettin , Cebe Hulya , Oflar Ersan , Oztas Didem Melis , Rodoplu Orhan , Unal Orcun , Conkbayir Cenk , Akturk Faruk , Ugurlucan Murat
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Although most ischaemic strokes are due to cardioembolism, about 25–40% of strokes are cryptogenic. Patent foramen ovale has been associated with cryptogenic stroke; however, the precise mechanism of this association has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and cryptogenic stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale.

Material and methods

We included 206 patients with patent foramen ovale. Ninety-four (45.63%) out of 206 patients had had stroke, and 112 (54.37%) had not had stroke. The ratio of the total neutrophil count to the total lymphocyte count was defined as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and the ratio of the absolute platelet count to the absolute lymphocyte count was determined as the platelet to lymphocyte count.

Results

The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in patients who had stroke than in those who did not (2.41 ±1.69 vs. 2.19 ±1.74, p = 0.047). Although the platelet to lymphocyte count was also higher in patients who had had stroke than in those who had not, it was not statistically significant (120.94 ±55.45 vs. 118.01 ±52.21, p = 0.729). 1.62 was the cut-off value for neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to be associated with stroke with 73.4% sensitivity and 45.05% specificity (p = 0.042).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte count could be associated with cryptogenic stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale.
Within- and between-session reliability of a pedal force system for power output and pedal force effectiveness measurements
Authors: Bini Rodrigo , Hume Patria
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The study assessed within- and between-session reliability of power output (PO) and pedal force effectiveness and compared PO from the pedals with the Lode Excalibur cycle ergometer.

Methods

Seventeen male cyclists performed 10 trials at 3 levels of PO (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 W/kg) and 3 cadences (60, 80, and 100 rpm) in 2 sessions. Instrumented pedals and a portable motion tracking system were synchronized to collect pedal forces and 3D full body motion, respectively. PO and the index of effectiveness (IE) were compared within and between sessions for the pedals while PO was compared with the Lode Excalibur.

Results

Good agreement was observed for PO within sessions whilst right and left pedal IEs were moderate. Betweensession reliability ranged from poor to good for PO measured from the pedals, and reliability for IE ranged from poor to good. Significant differences in PO were observed between the pedals and the Lode Excalibur ergometer (17–50 W).

Conclusions

The customized system to measure pedal forces was reliable within a given session for measuring IE and PO but variability in data increased in the second session, potentially because of the repositioning of the motion tracking sensors. Validity in measuring PO from the pedals without the use of the crank encoder is questionable.
Which is the most affected muscle in lumbar back pain – multifidus or erector spinae?
Authors: Öztürk Pırıl Erbay , Aylanç Nilüfer
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between lumbar back pain, lumbar disc herniation, and erector spinae and multifidus muscle lipomatous degeneration.

Material and methods

After receiving approval from the clinical studies Ethics Committee, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients who had physical examination in orthopaedic, neurology, neurosurgery, physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics were evaluated. Their pre-diagnoses were ‘herniated nucleus pulposus’ or ‘lumbar disc herniation’ or ‘back pain’ and their age range was between 18 and 64 years. Patients who had vertebral fracture, spondylitis-spondylodiscitis, tumours, structural anomalies such as spondylolisthesis, scoliosis and vertebral segmentation anomalies and previous surgery in the lumbar area were excluded. There were 205 patients in the case group who had lumbar disc herniation between L1-S1 level and there were 187 patients in the control group who had no lumbar disc herniation. In the study, patient age, sex, herniation level and erector spinae and multifidus muscle lipomatous degeneration were compared. Muscle lipomatous degeneration were evaluated with a visual scale.

Results

There were 105 men and 100 women in the case group and 88 men and 99 women in the control group. In the case group, lumbar disc herniation was detected mostly at L4-5 and L5-S1 levels. There was no significant difference between case and control groups with regard to erector spinae and multifidus muscle lipomatous degeneration. In the case group, lipomatous degeneration of the erector spinae was higher compared to that of the multifidus muscle.

Conclusions

Patients with low back pain may have fatty degeneration in erector spina and multifidus muscles with or without LDH, but LDH accelerates this process rather than being a result of it. In patients with LDH, fatty degeneration in the erector spina is more pronounced than in multifidus, and the erector spina is more affected by the LDH process.
Afgedankt als godsdienstonderwijzer
Authors: Houtman Cees
Published: July 2020

The Dutch Protestant catechists of the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century, are a many-coloured party, equally diverse as Dutch Protestantism itself. In this article the many-sided modernist catechist Hendrik Tillema (1829-1908) is introduced. As an orphan he was trained for farmhand. He, however, worked himself up into the position of a member of the ‘lower clergy’. In the beginning was as such active as the catechist of the Leiden Dutch Reformed orphanage. After being accused of modernism by the board of the orphanage, he resigned from his post. At the outset, his liberal religious conviction wasn’t an impediment to be active as a catechist in the Leiden Reformed parish. When, however, the balance of power within the consistory swinged to the orthodox party, Tillema’s position was challenged. Finally, he was discharged. In several writings Tillema manifested his abhorrence of the orthodox believers and his compassion for the orphan-children. He denounced the evil practices in the orphanage and did suggestions for improvement.
Radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols on cirrus clouds using a hybrid ice nucleation scheme
Authors: Zhu Jialei , Penner Joyce E.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosols impact cirrus clouds through ice nucleation, thereby
changing the Earth's radiation budget. However, the magnitude and sign of
anthropogenic forcing in cirrus clouds is still very uncertain depending on
the treatments for ice-nucleating particles (INPs), the treatments for haze particle
freezing, and the ice nucleation scheme. In this study, a new ice nucleation
scheme (hereafter the HYBRID scheme) is developed to combine the best
features of two previous ice nucleation schemes, so that global models are
able to calculate the ice number concentration in both updrafts and
downdrafts associated with gravity waves, and it has a robust sensitivity to the
change of aerosol number. The scheme is applied in a box model, and the ice
number concentrations (9.52±2.08 L−1) are somewhat overestimated
but are in reasonable agreement with those from an adiabatic parcel model
(9.40±2.31 L−1). Then, the forcing and cloud changes associated
with changes in aircraft soot, sulfur emission, and all anthropogenic
emissions between the preindustrial (PI) period and the present day (PD) are
examined using the CESM/IMPACT global model with the HYBRID scheme. Aircraft
soot emissions decrease the global average ice number concentration (Ni) by
-1.0±2.4×107 m−2 (−1 %) (over the entire
column) due to the inhibition of homogeneous nucleation and lead to a
radiative forcing of -0.14±0.07 W m−2, while the increase in
sulfur emissions increases the global average Ni by 7.3±2.9×107 m−2 (5 %) due to the increase in homogeneous nucleation and
leads to a radiative forcing of -0.02±0.06 W m−2. The possible
effects of aerosol and cloud feedbacks to the meteorological state in remote
regions partly contribute to reduce the forcing and the change in Ni due to
anthropogenic emissions. The radiative forcing due to all increased
anthropogenic emissions from PI to PD is estimated to be -0.20±0.05 W m−2. If newly formed secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) act as INPs and
inhibit homogeneous nucleation, the Ni formed from heterogeneous nucleation
is increased. As a result, the inclusion of INPs from SOA increases the
change in Ni to 12.0±2.3×107 m−2 (9 %) and
increases (makes less negative) the anthropogenic forcing on cirrus clouds
to -0.04±0.08 W m−2 from PI to PD.
Quantitative evaluation of the uncertainty sources for the modeling of atmospheric CO2 concentration within and in the vicinity of Paris city
Authors: Lian Jinghui , Bréon François-Marie , Broquet Grégoire , Zheng Bo , Ramonet Michel , Ciais Philippe
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The top-down atmospheric inversion method that couples atmospheric CO2 observations with an atmospheric transport model has been used extensively to quantify CO2 emissions from cities. However, the potential of the method is limited by several sources of misfits between the measured and modeled CO2 that are of different origins than the targeted CO2 emissions. This study investigates the critical sources of errors that can compromise the estimates of the city-scale emissions and identifies the signal of emissions that has to be filtered when doing inversions. A set of one-year forward simulations is carried out using the WRF-Chem model at a horizontal resolution of 1 km focusing on the Paris area with different anthropogenic emission inventories, physical parameterizations and CO2 boundary conditions. The simulated CO2 concentrations are compared with in situ observations from six continuous monitoring stations located within Paris and its vicinity. Results highlight large nighttime observation-model misfits, especially in winter within the city, which are attributed to large uncertainties in the diurnal profile of anthropogenic emissions as well as to errors in the vertical mixing near the surface in the WRF-Chem model. The nighttime biogenic respiration to the CO2 concentration is a significant source of modeling errors during the growing season outside the city. When winds are from continental Europe and the CO2 concentration of incoming air masses is influenced by remote emissions and large-scale biogenic fluxes, differences in the simulated CO2 induced by the two different boundary conditions (CAMS and CarbonTracker) can be of up to 5 ppm. Our results suggest three selection criteria for the CO2 data to be assimilated for the inversion of CO2 emissions from Paris (i) discard data that appear as statistical outliers in the model-data misfits which are interpreted as model's deficiencies under complex meteorological conditions; (ii) use only afternoon urban measurements in winter and suburban ones in summer; (iii) test the influence of different boundary conditions in inversions. If possible, using additional observations to constrain the boundary inflow, or using CO2 gradients of upwind-downwind stations, rather than absolute CO2 concentration, as atmospheric inversion inputs.
Optimisation of a thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes
Authors: Helin Aku , Hakola Hannele , Hellén Heidi
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In this study, a thermal desorption–gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD–GC–MS) method following sorbent tube
sampling was developed for the determination of monoterpenes (MTs),
sesquiterpenes (SQTs) and diterpenes (DTs) in gas-phase samples. The
analytical figures of merit were determined, and the method performance was
tested by conducting experiments related to, for example, sampling recovery,
storage stability and ozone reactivity. The limit-of-quantification values
were 13–518 pg (0.5–9.3 pptv), intermediate precision was in the range of
3 %–10 % and the expanded measurement uncertainty was in the range of
16 %–55 % for terpenes. The sampling recoveries of terpenes were
approximately within 100±20 % with different inlet lines (15 m
long Teflon and 1 m long heated stainless steel) and branch enclosure
cuvette (6 L Teflon bag) tested. Ozone is an important factor causing losses
of the studied compounds during sampling. Therefore, losses of terpenes upon
ozone exposure were studied and the reaction rate coefficients were
estimated. The ozone reaction rate coefficient (kO3) of ent-kaurene was
experimentally estimated to be 2 orders of magnitude greater than the
respective literature kO3 value, demonstrating the potential
underestimation of DT contribution to atmospheric reactivity. The
preliminary comparison between offline- and online-mode TD–GC–MS sampling and
analysis revealed that diterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes are lost in
excessive amounts in online-mode sampling, hindering the online-mode
applicability for the quantitative analysis of these compounds. A few
applications to real samples were tested to identify DTs potentially emitted
by boreal forest tree species. In dynamic headspace samples of pine needles
and spruce twigs heated to 60 ∘C, five DTs and 13 DTs could be
detected in emissions, respectively. The semi-quantitatively estimated
emission rates of DTs were roughly 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than
those of MTs and SQTs. Similarly, in spruce branch enclosure emissions from
a living tree, six DTs were detected once the enclosure was heated to ca. 60 ∘C. In summary, the developed analytical procedure was
demonstrated to be applicable for the analysis of MTs, SQTs and DTs. In
addition, DTs could be detected in needles, twigs and branch enclosure
emissions; however, high temperatures were required to promote the emissions
and for obtaining detectable concentrations.
Comparison of formaldehyde tropospheric columns in Australia and New Zealand using MAX-DOAS, FTIR and TROPOMI
Authors: Ryan Robert G. , Silver Jeremy D. , Querel Richard , Smale Dan , Rhodes Steve , Tully Matt , Jones Nicholas , Schofield Robyn
Published: July 2020

Abstract. South-eastern Australia has been identified by modelling studies as a hotspot of biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, however long term observational VOC studies are lacking in this region. Here, two and a half years of MAX-DOAS formaldehyde (HCHO) measurements in Australasia are presented, from Broadmeadows in northern Melbourne, Australia and from Lauder, a rural site in the South Island of New Zealand. Across the measurement period from December 2016 to November 2019, the mean formaldehyde column measured by the MAX-DOAS at Lauder was 2.50 ± 0.61 × 1014 molec cm−2 and at Broadmeadows was 5.40 ± 1.59 × 1015 molec cm−2. In both locations the seasonal cycle showed a pronounced peak in Austral summer (DJF) consistent with temperature-dependent formaldehyde production from biogenic precursor gases. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle at Lauder was 0.7 × 1015 molec cm−2 while it was 2.0 × 1015 molec cm−2 at Broadmeadows. The Lauder MAX-DOAS HCHO measurements are compared with 27 months of co-located fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) observations. The seasonal variation of Lauder MAX-DOAS HCHO, smoothed by the FTIR averaging kernels, correlated strongly with the FTIR measurements, with linear regression slope of 0.91 and R2 of 0.81 for monthly averaged formaldehyde partial columns. In addition to ground-based observations, a clear way to address the VOC measurement gap in areas such as Australasia is with satellite measurements. Here we demonstrate that the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) can be used to distinguish formaldehyde hotspots in forested and agricultural regions of south-eastern Australia. The MAX-DOAS measurements are also compared to TROPOMI HCHO vertical columns at Lauder and Melbourne; very strong monthly average agreement is found for Melbourne (regression slope of 0.61, R2 of 0.95) and a strong agreement is found at Lauder (regression slope of 0.73, R2 of 0.61) for MAX-DOAS vs. TROPOMI between May 2018 and November 2019. This study, the first long term satellite comparison study using MAX-DOAS in the southern hemisphere, highlights the improvement offered by TROPOMI's high resolution over previous satellite products and provides the groundwork for future studies using ground based and satellite DOAS for studying VOCs in Australasia.
A climate-dependent global model of ammonia emissions from chicken farming
Authors: Jiang Jize , Stevenson David S. , Uwizeye Aimable , Tempio Giuseppe , Sutton Mark A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) has significant impacts on the environment, which can influence climate and air quality, and cause acidification and eutrophication in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Agricultural activities are the main sources of NH3 emissions globally. Emissions of NH3 from chicken farming are highly dependent on climate, affecting their environmental footprint and impact. In order to investigate the effects of meteorological factors and to quantify how climate change affect these emissions, a process-based model, AMmonia-CLIMate-Poultry (AMCLIM-Poultry) has been developed to simulate and predict temporal variations in NH3 emissions from poultry excretion, here focusing on chicken farms and manure spreading. The model simulates the decomposition of uric acid to form total ammoniacal nitrogen which then partitions into gaseous NH3 that is released to the atmosphere at hourly to daily resolution. Ammonia emissions are simulated by calculating nitrogen and moisture budgets within poultry excretion, including a dependence on environmental variables. By applying the model with global data for livestock, agricultural practice and meteorology, we calculate NH3 emissions from chicken farming at global scale (0.5° resolution). Based on 2010 data, the AMCLIM-Poultry model estimates NH3 emissions from global chicken farming of 5.5 Tg N yr−1, about 13 % of the agriculture-derived NH3 emissions. Taking account of partial control of the ambient environment for housed chicken (layers and broilers), the fraction of excreted nitrogen emitted as NH3 is found to be up to three times larger in humid tropical locations than in cold or dry locations. For spreading of manure to land, rain becomes a critical driver affecting emissions in addition to temperature, with the emission fraction being up to five times larger in the semi-dry tropics than in cold, wet climates. The results highlight the importance of incorporating climate effects into global NH3 emissions inventories for agricultural sources. The model shows increased emissions under warm and wet conditions, indicating that climate change will tend to increase NH3 emissions over the coming century.
Partitioning of chromium between garnet and clinopyroxene: first-principle modelling versus metamorphic assemblages
Authors: Figowy Sarah , Dubacq Benoît , Noël Yves , d'Arco Philippe
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Understanding the geochemical behaviour of trace and
minor elements in mineral assemblages is of primary importance to study
small- and large-scale geological processes. Partition coefficients are
frequently used to model the chemical evolution of minerals and fluids
during melting and in metamorphic rocks of all grades. However, kinetic
effects hampering equilibrium partitioning may invalidate the modelling.
This study aims at calculating partition coefficients and testing their
applicability in natural mineral assemblages, choosing Cr in garnet and
clinopyroxene via exchange with Al as a case study. First-principle
modelling has been combined with measurements and element mapping to estimate
partition coefficients for Cr and the deviation from equilibrium. Results
highlight the role of crystal chemistry over the strain field around point
defects, controlling the dynamics of the Cr3+ = Al3+ exchange
between clinopyroxene and garnet. Ab initio calculations allowed estimation of Cr
partition coefficients between garnet and clinopyroxene, using a
thermodynamic approach based on endmembers and mixing models simplified for
trace element behaviour. The Cr3+ = Al3+ exchange reaction
between garnet and the jadeite component of clinopyroxene depends on the
grossular and pyrope content, with Cr preferentially incorporated into
grossular over jadeite but preferentially incorporated into jadeite over pyrope.
Comparison of predicted partition coefficients to measured concentrations in
natural samples, together with element mapping, shows large
disequilibrium.
Cr-rich and Cr-poor sectors exhibit disequilibrium attributed to slow
diffusivity of Cr during crystal growth and interface-coupled
dissolution–precipitation, even for garnet–clinopyroxene assemblages
crystallized around 850 ∘C.
Waste Generation Indicators in Brazilian Construction Sites
Authors: Fernandes da Paz Diogo Henrique , Vaz Lafayette Kalinny Patrícia , Sobral Maria do Carmo
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to perform a diagnosis of the Construction Waste (CW) generation at sites in the city of Recife, Brazil, and obtain indicators to improve waste management. This involved the collection of data through the establishment of partnerships with construction
companies that build multifamily residential buildings in the region. To organize the information, a spreadsheet database was developed, containing the survey of the construction characteristics from each construction project, such as the phase, built area, total land area, demolition and
excavation area, number of floors, execution time, among others. From this analysis, it was verified that the total CW generation increases as the built area increases. However, the generation rate has an inverse relationship, being higher for the projects with smaller built areas. It is therefore
necessary to consider the size of the project in order to use the correct CW generation rate. The results obtained by the analysis of these 20 worksites indicate that new indicators of waste generation are required by construction phase and by size of the built area, in order to properly estimate
how much CW was generated and the costs to manage it.
Role of Electronic Accounting Information Systems in Reducing the Phenomenon of Tax Evasion in Facilities Subject to Income and Sales Tax in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Authors: Al- Khasawneh Reem Oqab Hussein
Published: July 2020

The study aimed at identifying the role of e-accounting information systems in reducing tax evasion in term of its three stages inputs, processing and outputs. It also explained the role of a compatibility between e-accounting systems and the instructions and procedures of income tax authority for reducing tax evasion. For achieving the purposes of the study, a questionnaire was distributed to employees of tax evasion authority, income and sales tax inspectors. The study found that using e-accounting information systems in the facilities subject to income and sales tax has contributed to a very high degree at input stage whereas the contribution of using e-accounting systems has been high at processing and output stages. In addition, the study indicated that existing the compatibility between e-accounting systems and the instructions of income and sales tax authority has highly contributed to the reduction of tax evasion. It also illustrated that the procedures and methods of professional examination of e-accounting information systems developed by income and sales tax authority have contributed to a very high degree of the reduction of tax evasion. Moreover, the study found that a sufficient experience of employees of income and sales tax authority in the field of using e-accounting information systems has contributed to a very high degree of the reduction of spreading of the phenomenon of tax evasion.
Place Names and Place Names Rebranding in Nusa Penida
Authors: Sosiowati I Gusti Ayu Gde , Widiastuti Ni Made Ayu , Putro Bambang Dharwiyanto
Published: July 2020

The current paper specifically deals with toponymy (especially) studying place names in Nusa Penida, Bali. The analysis is based on linguistic landscapes, using applied descriptive qualitative methods. Basically the data of this article was obtained from selected informants based on whether or not they were able to provide the needed information. The purpose of this paper is mainly to present how the place names came into being from their socio-historical background, how the signposts are written in terms of government regulation and a generic-specific way. The findings show that the English signposts are written with two elements, in which the first qualifies the second (Khvesko, 2014) while the signposts written in Indonesian show the structure of the second qualifying the first (due to the nature of those two languages); that there is a clash between state and local regulation leading to the non-uniformity of the signposts presentation; that the renaming of the place names were done for mainly economic reason (serving the needs of tourism as the main income generating), and that the places under discussion were given the names after the legends known by the people.
Hur tänkte du nu? Digitala verktyg och kollegiala lärprocesser i förskolan
Authors: Forsling Karin
Published: July 2020

I artikeln analyseras förskollärares kollegiala lärande i relation till barns användande av digitala lärverktyg i förskolan. Studien utfördes under ett utvecklingsarbete i två svenska förskolor där funktionen kamera på datorplattor användes för lärande. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur pedagoger kan förstå, förändra och förbättra lärsituationer där digitala verktyg användes under handledning av en filmpedagog, en medforskande förskolekollega och en forskare. Resultaten visar hur fem engagerade pedagoger, utan särskild vana eller intresse för digitala verktyg, börjar använda datorplattor i förskolan som lärverktyg för att nå läroplansmål som handlar om kommunikation. Den i studien använda designbaserade experiment-modellen bygger på designorienterade teorier. Det designbaserade experimentet ledde till en fördjupad reflektionsyta för pedagogerna – en mötespunkt för kollegiala lärprocesser som kan bidra till förskoleutveckling.
Non-canonical Very as a Degree Modifier of NPs in English
Authors: Vieira Marcus V. R. , Sanchez-Mendes Luciana
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate the meaning of constructions with a non-canonical use of very inside NPs and to propose a unified formal semantic analysis for the degree modifier very. We adopt the notion of scalar properties and take as a starting point the fact that very is a typical degree modifier that boosts the degree of open-scale adjectives (e.g. tall) (cf. Kennedy & McNally, 2005). In this work, we focus on what we name non-canonical very: the modification of very on NPs (e.g. the very house John lived in). Our methodology consists of three major steps: firstly, we selected sentences with non-canonical very from The British National Corpus. Then, we selected sentences from five American and British novels published in the 19th and 20th centuries, comparing the sentences with their translations into Portuguese. Based on a first analysis of these sentences and on Matthewson’s (2004) methodology, we proceed to controlled elicitation of contexts with the participation of a native-English speaker of Wales. Data collected present definite DPs and complex NPs, what supports a proposal that consider modification of a scale that is closed and contextually dependent. We argue in favor of an analysis that gives a uniform lexical entry to very and assume that the difference on interpretation of canonical and non-canonical modification is due to scalar properties of the modified predicate. Canonical very modifies lexical open scales whereas non-canonical very modifies contextual closed scales of precision and produces an exhaustive interpretation. The study reveals the importance of logical scalar properties for the semantic investigation of degree modifiers.
Talus Fractures: Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Lee Christopher , Brodke Dane , Perdue Paul W. , Patel Tejas
Published: July 2020

The talus is unique in having a tenuous vascular supply and 57% of its surface covered by articular cartilage. Fractures of the head, neck, or body regions have the potential to compromise nearby joints and impair vascular inflow, necessitating surgical treatment with stable internal fixation in many cases. The widely preferred approach for many talar neck and body fractures is a dual anterior incision technique to achieve an anatomic reduction, with the addition of a medial malleolar osteotomy as needed to visualize the posterior talar body. Percutaneous screw fixation has also demonstrated success in certain patterns. Despite this modern technique, osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis remain common complications. A variety of new treatments for these complications have been proposed, including vascularized autograft, talar replacement, total ankle arthroplasty, and improved salvage techniques, permitting some patients to return to a higher level of function than was previously possible. Despite these advances, functional outcomes remain poor in a subset of severely injured patients, making further research imperative.
Gravity & Matter Quantum Behaviour from Accelerations, during Electric discharges into Graphite-Based Superconductor
Authors: Poher Claude , Poher Danielle
Published: July 2020

We observe propelling accelerations of a half-kilogram size matter mass, during low energy electric discharges, into a patented “Space Electric Thruster” named “Emitter”. This device is made of a Graphite-based, partially superconducting material, at laboratory temperature, and metallic conductors. That emitter propels from theoretically predicted interaction, and emission, of Gravitational Quanta, bearing a momentum, so without ejecting matter particles in Space. From accelerations values measured, with different electric energies, two discharge directions, and three propelling directions, versus the Earth Gravity acceleration direction, we measure the amplitude of several previously unknown phenomena. (i) Quantum nature of Earth Gravity. (ii) Propagation direction of Earth Gravity Quanta. (iii) Expansion of atomic lattice in emitter materials, pushed by Gravitational Quanta. (iiii) Push of free electrons, from the electric powering currents, by Gravitational Quanta. These phenomena confirm predictions from the Inertia and Gravitation model we proposed, and we used to develop our emitters. Same model predicts the observed constant orbital velocity of stars into galaxies, without any Dark Matter mass. And it predicts physical phenomena, observed in our laboratory and published, with another kind of emitter, at cryogenic temperature, during electric discharges.
Influence of Low Carbohydrate High Fat Ketogenic Diets on Renal and Liver Parameters
Authors: Eiya B. O. , Aikpitanyi-iduitua R. O.
Published: July 2020

In recent times the use of high fat ketogenic diet as a treatment strategy in some diseases and weight control has been on the increase. This study aims to elucidate the effect of high fat ketogenic diet on some renal and liver parameters. Forty albino rats were used and divided into four groups. Group A was control; B, C, and D were fed with diets including butter, coconut oil and olive oil respectively for eight weeks. Urine and serum samples were assayed spectrophotometrically. There was a significant difference in urinary albumin (0.13±0.01g/dl) of group D when compared with control (0.22 ± 0.03g/dl). Urinary creatinine concentrations of group D (4.32±0.70mg/dl) was higher than group C (1.75±0.46 mg/dl). Urea of group B (39.40±4.70 mg/dl), group C (29.90±1.46 mg/dl) and group D (40.20±2.62mg/dl) were lower than control group (64.20±3.41mg/dl). Serum creatinine concentrations of group B (1.05±0.09mg/dl), group C (0.85±0.07lmg/dl) and group D (1.03±0.07 mg/dl) were reduced significantly. Albumin: creatinine ratio of group A (120.6±32.04) was higher than that of group D (41.31±8.28). AST (260.1±17.80) was higher in group C compared with A (160.1± 9.510). ALT for D (91.20±18.70), group A (36.00±3.84), serum albumin concentrations of group D (3.590±0.1286), group C (3.590±0.1286) and group A (4.100±0.1814). Total protein concentration of group C (5.390±0.2105), D (5.280± 0.1104) and group A (6.190±0.2496g). Body weight of experimental groups reduced while the control groups increased. This study has confirmed that high fat ketogenic diet can be used for weight management however it could be harmful to the liver but did not show any harmful effects on the kidneys.
Evaluation of the influence of granulation of hexagonal boron nitride on the lubricity properties of the base grease
Authors: Senyk Szymon , Kałdoński Tadeusz
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the tests results of lubricity properties of base greases, containing
hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). To conduct the required tests, a four ball machine was used. This
device is commonly used when assessing lubricity properties of oils and greases. The following
normative lubricity parameters were defined: welding point Pz [daN], the value of last non-seizing
load Pn [daN], seizing at smoothy growing load Pt [daN], as well as the wear limiting capacity load
Goz [daN/mm2]. Furthermore, several non-normative tests were completed that covered indication
of two parameters making it possible to complete an assessment of lubricity properties of oils. Based
on the conducted research, it was found that hexagonal boron nitride is an additive that improves the
lubricating properties of the base grease. The best effects of the improvement, taking into account the
adopted tribological criteria, were noted for a sample containing 10% (m/m) hexagonal boron nitride
with an average grain diameter of 65÷75 nm. It was found that the lower granulation of the additive
(h-BN) positively influences the efficiency of the grease lubrication of the base, under the conditions
of tests on a four-ball model apparatus.
Keywords: tribology, lubricity, boron nitride, greases
Mapping the Mean Annual River Runoff in the Ukrainian Carpathian Region
Authors: Obodovskyi Oleksandr , Lukianets Olga , Konovalenko Oksana , Mykhaylenko Valeriy
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the spatial distribution of the mean annual river runoff in the Ukrainian Carpathians in the form of a map. The methodological approaches concerning the river runoff mapping and the technological stages of map creation by applying the geographic information system (GIS) analytical functions are considered. The accuracy assessment of the calculation of the mean annual river runoff water based on the data from the hydrometric stations for the whole observation period was performed. The mapping reliability of the mean annual runoff and their territorial variability over the main basins in the Ukrainian Carpathians are analysed.
Seasonal Changes in the Composition and Thermal Properties of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of the City of Perm, Russia
Authors: Sliusar Natalia , Polygalov Stepan , Ilinykh Galina Ilinykh , Korotaev Vladimir , Vaisman Yakov , Stanisavljevic Nemanja
Published: July 2020

The paper presents experimental studies of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and its thermal properties (moisture and ash content). Measurements were taken to track seasonal changes in the composition of MSW. For example, in spring, the content of organic waste was 17.0% and, in autumn, it reached 31.5% due to considerable consumption of seasonal vegetables and fruits. The share of paper in MSW changed from 21.4% in spring to 9.7% in autumn. More paper in spring is due to discarded student notebooks at the end of a school year, as well as spring household cleaning. These data indicate significant changes in waste composition during the year, which should be taken into account when planning technologies for waste management.

Laboratory studies of moisture and ash content by season allowed the range of these changes to be determined. In autumn for instance, the moisture and ash content of organic waste was about 82% and 14%, respectively, while in winter, it was approximately 73% and 22%, respectively. These figures can be explained by the organic waste origin: autumn organic waste often comes from fruit pulp and, for example, watermelon peels, and winter organic waste tends to consist mostly of dry vegetable peels such as potato peelings.

The low calorific value of certain components is based on their composition and the level of moisture and ash in different seasons. Therefore, it is important to take into account the moisture and ash content of individual components, not average values, in order to calculate the waste calorific value.

MSW thermal characteristics change significantly over the seasons: the MSW moisture content is the highest in autumn (about 49%) and the lowest in winter (32%). The ash content in MSW ranges from 20% in spring and autumn to 27% in summer. The lowest calorific value per working mass in different seasons varies from 7 to 10 MJ/kg, which must be taken into consideration when developing waste management systems in general and when designing specific energy recovery facilities.
The Paradox of Agility: Reduce Formalization? Introduce Formalization!
Authors: Bachmann Miriam , Kurzmann Anne , Gutierrez Barbara Castrellon , Neyer Anne-Katrin
Published: July 2020

Agile concepts become increasingly popular, given their ability to adapt to a turbulent environment. Hence, they are implemented in various organizations and industries. In this context, complete flexibility and the abolition of formalization in terms of rules, procedures, and instructions are often seen as the Holy Grail for success. Having said this, the following article identifies a paradoxical aspect of agility: The decrease of formalization of some aspects goes along with an increase of formalization of other aspects. Furthermore, we differentiate between two forms of formalization: a coercive, agility hindering and an enabling, agility supporting formalization. We state that in the case of agile adoption, the reduction of coercive formalization leads to an increase in enabling formalization. Building on insights from four case studies, we derive five propositions regarding formalized aspects in the context of agility. Then, we develop a model that links the type and level of formalization to four different types of organizations.