bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling of deterministically activated quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride to plasmonic surface lattice resonances
Authors: Proscia Nicholas V. , Collison Robert J. , Meriles Carlos A. , Menon Vinod M.
Published: September 2019

The cooperative phenomena stemming from the radiation field-mediated coupling between individual quantum emitters are presently attracting broad interest for applications related to on-chip photonic quantum memories and long-range entanglement. Common to these applications is the generation of electro-magnetic modes over macroscopic distances. Much research, however, is still needed before such systems can be deployed in the form of practical devices, starting with the investigation of alternate physical platforms. Quantum emitters in two-dimensional (2D) systems provide an intriguing route because these materials can be adapted to arbitrarily shaped substrates to form hybrid systems wherein emitters are near-field-coupled to suitable optical modes. Here, we report a scalable coupling method allowing color center ensembles in a van der Waals material (hexagonal boron nitride) to couple to a delocalized high-quality plasmonic surface lattice resonance. This type of architecture is promising for photonic applications, especially given the ability of the hexagonal boron nitride emitters to operate as single-photon sources at room temperature.
Principles and techniques of the quantum diamond microscope
Authors: Levine Edlyn V. , Turner Matthew J. , Kehayias Pauli , Hart Connor A. , Langellier Nicholas , Trubko Raisa , Glenn David R. , Fu Roger R. , Walsworth Ronald L.
Published: September 2019

We provide an overview of the experimental techniques, measurement modalities, and diverse applications of the quantum diamond microscope (QDM). The QDM employs a dense layer of fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers near the surface of a transparent diamond chip on which a sample of interest is placed. NV electronic spins are coherently probed with microwaves and optically initialized and read out to provide spatially resolved maps of local magnetic fields. NV fluorescence is measured simultaneously across the diamond surface, resulting in a wide-field, two-dimensional magnetic field image with adjustable spatial pixel size set by the parameters of the imaging system. NV measurement protocols are tailored for imaging of broadband and narrowband fields, from DC to GHz frequencies. Here we summarize the physical principles common to diverse implementations of the QDM and review example applications of the technology in geoscience, biology, and materials science.
Powerless? Modelling God’s Acting in the World in Eschatological Terms
Authors: Teuchert Lisanne
Published: September 2019

This essay deals with the fundamental problem in which the doctrine of providence, that is God’s acting in nature, history and individual life, is still stuck: the dilemma of theism or deism, God’s superiority or powerlessness. I introduce an eschatological perspective to find alternative approaches to power. I name six concrete modes of action, four of them drawn from different authors and theories such as Romano Guardini, Open Theism and Christian Link. Two more are developed out of the latter.
Covenant Relation as Prolegomena to Knowledge of God: An Exegetical Study of John 5
Authors: Shannon Nathan D.
Published: September 2019

The classical view of the Creator-creature relation conveys ontological asymmetry by affirming a real creature-Creator relation and a rational Creator-creature relation. But the hermeneutical implications of this view obscure the Creator-creature symmetry of biblical religion. In this article I propose a real covenant relation as a divine initiative establishing a relation within which Creator-creature intercourse is possible, actual, and real. I defend the notion of real covenant relation through a study of John 5, and I develop it theologically with reference to Reformed biblical and covenant theology. A real covenant relation preserves ontological asymmetry, vindicates religious symmetry, and affirms rather than obscures the anthropomorphic tenor of biblical revelation.
Understanding quantum mechanics: a review and synthesis in precise language
Authors: Drummond Brian
Published: September 2019

This review, of the understanding of quantum mechanics, is broad in scope, and aims to reflect enough of the literature to be representative of the current state of the subject. To enhance clarity, the main findings are presented in the form of a coherent synthesis of the reviewed sources. The review highlights core characteristics of quantum mechanics. One is statistical balance in the collective response of an ensemble of identically prepared systems, to differing measurement types. Another is that states are mathematical terms prescribing probability aspects of future events, relating to an ensemble of systems, in various situations. These characteristics then yield helpful insights on entanglement, measurement, and widely-discussed experiments and analyses. The review concludes by considering how these insights are supported, illustrated and developed by some specific approaches to understanding quantum mechanics. The review uses non-mathematical language precisely (terms defined) and rigorously (consistent meanings), and uses only such language. A theory more descriptive of independent reality than is quantum mechanics may yet be possible. One step in the pursuit of such a theory is to reach greater consensus on how to understand quantum mechanics. This review aims to contribute to achieving that greater consensus, and so to that pursuit.
Modeling Human Pupil Dilation to Decouple the Pupillary Light Reflex
Authors: Napieralski Piotr , Rynkiewicz Filip
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to present methods to calculate pupil size based on various parameters, such as: luminance, age, corneal flux density or monocular/binocular effect. These models allow to distinguish pupil dilation caused by the influence of light and other factors such as psychological state of participants.The developed methods were presented based on empirical data. Various researchers estimate their equations based on oculographic data obtained in the course of experiments. The presented plots are based on those equations. Different approaches can be compared to show the difference between particular models.The methods presented in this paper enable a more detailed investigation of the influence of various parameters on the pupil. It can be used to better estimate the influence of light on pupil size. The main changes occurring in pupil size, i.e. contractions and dilation, are caused by light. Other criteria such emotional arousal, cognitive processes or even memory operations can also alter the pupil, among which the decoupling of light is important. The presented approach is distinct from other similar studies because it decouples the pupillary light reflex.
Principal Component Analysis based on data characteristics for dimensionality reduction of ECG recordings in arrhythmia classification
Authors: Wosiak Agnieszka
Published: September 2019

Due to the growing problem of heart diseases, the computer improvement of their diagnostics becomes of great importance. One of the most common heart diseases is cardiac arrhythmia. It is usually diagnosed by measuring the heart activity using electrocardiograph (ECG) and collecting the data as multidimensional medical datasets. However, their storage, analysis and knowledge extraction become highly complex issues. Feature reduction not only enables saving storage and computing resources, but it primarily makes the process of data interpretation more comprehensive. In the paper the new igPCA (in-group Principal Component Analysis) method for feature reduction is proposed. We assume that the set of attributes can be split into subgroups of similar characteristic and then subjected to principal component analysis. The presented method transforms the feature space into a lower dimension and gives the insight into intrinsic structure of data. The method has been verified by experiments done on a dataset of ECG recordings. The obtained effects have been evaluated regarding the number of kept features and classification accuracy of arrhythmia types. Experiment results showed the advantage of the presented method compared to base PCA approach.
Robotics and Work: Between Fiction and Reality
Authors: Gottardi Donata
Published: September 2019

This paper focusses on the spreading of robotics, starting from a Resolution of the European Parliament of 2017. Legal scholarship seems to have developed an attraction for digitalisation, which implies the development of smart working and platform work governed by algorithms. The pervading impact of robotics seems to imply fewer divergences from the traditional structure of Labour Law in terms of institutions and legal categories. However, it could determine even more radical changes, possibly approaching scenarios explored so far only by science fiction.
Praising the World “by Geometrical Terms”: Legal Metrics, Science and Indicators in Swift’s Voyage to Laputa
Authors: Nicolini Matteo
Published: September 2019

The article focuses on the epistemological paradigms that underpin the current trends in comparative legal research, by assessing them within the framework of the law-and-literature movement. In particular, it examines the scientific state of mind and the veering towards quantitative approaches which now percolate through legal comparative studies. The article argues that such state of mind is not merely confined to the ambit of comparative law. It has indeed several traits in common with the scientific mentality which has been saturating the knowledge system in Western culture since the seventeenth century. This scientific state of mind was one of Jonathan Swift’s main targets. In Gulliver’s Travels, A Tale of a Tub, and A Discourse Concerning the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit, Swift satirised the seventeenth-century scientific program, which had reduced the advancement of knowledge into a system that is very similar to twenty-first century information systems. This reduction was influenced by Cartesian philosophy and was achieved through methodological innovation. But it was also a consequence of the debate on ancient and modern learning, which had originated in France, but had immediate resonance in England. Swift rejected absolute reliance on quantitative methods: not only does this make it possible to set an equation between law and literature, but it also allows us to bring humanities into the debate about quantification in comparative law – and, as a consequence, to reappraise through literature some common assumptions we usually make about the law.
Luminescence studies of uranyl-aliphatic dicarboxylic acid complexes in acetonitrile medium
Authors: Maji Siuli , Kumar Satendra , Kalyanasundaram Sundararajan
Published: September 2019

The uranyl (UO2
2+)-aliphatic dicarboxylic acid complexes are studied by luminescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy in acetonitrile (MeCN) medium. The ligands used are malonic acid (MA), succinic acid (SA), glutaric acid (GA), adipic acid (AA) and pimelic acid (PA). The complexes of UO2
2+ with the above ligands showed well resolved luminescence spectra at pH 4.0 with M/L = 5. Both luminescence and UV-Vis spectra indicated the formation of 1:2 and 1:3 complexes of UO2
2+ with MA and GA, AA, PA, respectively. DFT computations indicated the formation of 1:2 chelate complex of UO2
2+ with MA and two types of 1:3 complexes of UO2
2+ with SA, GA, AA and PA. Furthermore, the effect of solvent (water and acetonitrile) on the UO2
2+-ligand complexes has been performed using COSMO model. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the formation of tris complexes of uranyl with these ligands in acetonitrile medium.
Price Gouging at the Pump? The Lerner Index and the German Fuel Market
Authors: Neukirch Arne , Wein Thomas
Published: September 2019

Gasoline prices in Germany fluctuate significantly within one day. Price ranges of 15 euro cent per day are not uncommon. Consumers therefore often perceive that market power is exercised in the retail fuel market. Especially high surcharges in the late evening are considered to be price gouging. The German Federal Cartel Authority used these price mark-ups as evidence for oligopoly market power in four metropolitan regions between 2007 and 2010. Data for eight metropolises and 65 medium-sized cities from May 2016 to June 2019 show that the lowest price level in the day is reached in the early evening and then rises sharply. We use the well-known Lerner Index to measure market power in these evening hours. Our descriptive analysis shows that the Lerner Indices of the premium brands Aral, Shell, and Total S.A. rise after 10 p.m., that is, after a large part of the price-aggressive gas stations have closed. The results were about 0.1 for diesel and 0.08 for gasoline. Other companies achieve lower values of 0.05–0.07. Compared to other international studies that deal with the fuel market, we find a similar level of Lerner Indices, but only for few hours and not for the whole day. Multivariate estimations cannot show that a larger market share of the analyzed brand or a lower market share of price-aggressive firms increases the index. Influences of weekdays, different cities or wholesale prices cannot be proven either. Therefore, the gasoline market seems to be competitive, at least in a higher dimension as it is publicly perceived. Hence, pricing behavior in the evening and at night cannot be used as evidence of a serious abuse of market power by petrol stations, which could be relevant for the evaluation of future mergers in the petrol market.
A case–control study on effects of the ATM, RAD51 and TP73 genetic variants on colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Yazici Merve , Yilmaz Umit , Yilmaz Nesibe , Celik Faruk , Isikoren Ece Gizem , Celikel Burcu , Ergen Arzu , Keskin Metin , Zeybek Umit
Published: September 2019

Aim

ATM, RAD51 and TP73 are genes that take part in DNA repair pathways. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to determine the genotype and allele distributions of the ATM 5′-UTR G/A, RAD51 135 G/C and TP73 GC/AT polymorphisms and their relationship with clinical parameters in Turkish colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Material and methods

One hundred and four CRC patients and 113 healthy individuals were included in this study as control. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used.

Results

The ATM 5′-UTR G/A polymorphism GG (p = 0.001) and AA (p = 0.0001) genotypes were found higher in the patient group, while the GA genotype (p = 0.0001) and A allele (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the control group. Moreover, the GG genotype (p = 0.042) was higher among patients with advanced-stage cancer and, while GA genotype (p = 0.047) was increased in patients without perineural invasion. The RAD51 135 G/C polymorphism GC genotype (p = 0.0001) and C allele (p = 0.0001) were significantly higher in the patient group, while CC genotype (p = 0.0001) was higher in the control group. No statistical significance was observed between the TP73 GC/AT polymorphism genotype and allele distribution and the clinical parameters.

Conclusion

In the Turkish population, the ATM 5′-UTR GG and AA genotypes, and the RAD51 135 G/C GC genotype and the C allele presence may be risk factors for CRC.
Konzeptualisierung bildungssprachlicher Kompetenzen. Anregungen aus der pragmatischen und funktionalen Linguistik und Sprachdidaktik
Authors: Steinhoff Torsten
Published: September 2019

Academic language has been the subject of much interdisciplinary discourse. However, a major problem arises when attempting to operationalize the construct of academic language. A common approach is to determine typical grammatical and lexical features. However, such compilations are not suitable for describing and explaining linguistic functions and actions in academic language. They are thus also not suitable for investigating academic language skills, since they neglect a central aspect of language. This problem is addressed in the present article, which considers academic language skills from a pragmatic and functional perspective. First, transdisciplinary aspects concerning structure, diagnosis, acquisition, teaching and standards of academic language skills are considered. On the basis of these findings, a heuristic model for representing different aspects of academic language skills is presented. The three fields of the model consider relevant cultural conditions (domains, functions, fields of knowledge, tasks, interactions and media), academic language actions (modes, units) and relevant individual resources (cognitive, motivational, volitional). These are then discussed with reference to three central concepts in the German-language discourse on academic language: „Alltägliche Wissenschaftssprache“, „Diskurspraktiken“ and „Textprozeduren“.
Der Koran und die arabische Schrift: Der mündliche Prophet und seine schriftlicheumma
Authors: Selmani Lirim
Published: September 2019

Der Beitrag thematisiert die Genese der Sakralisierung der arabischen Schrift, die im vorislamischen Arabien eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt und mit der Verschriftlichung des Korans den Status eines sakralen Symbolsystems erreicht. Hier wird die These vertreten, dass die Sakralisierung der arabischen Schrift in Zusammenhang mit der Textgeschichte des Korans zu denken ist. Er ist Gefäß der göttlichen Offenbarung, deren Unverrückbarkeit auf das Speicherungsmedium der Schrift zurückprojiziert wird. Mit der Verschriftlichung des Korans wird nicht nur seine Kodifizierung und damit die Propositionalisierung des Islams beabsichtigt, sondern auch die Einreihung des Islams in die schriftlich-monotheistische Tradition. Muslime sind fortan wie Juden und Christen auchSchriftbesitzer, wie der Koran sie charakterisiert. Ursprünglich ist der Koran einevirtuelle heilige Schrift. Koran, AT und NT unterscheiden sich in erster Linie im Medium: DerSchriftlichkeitder hebräischen Bibel und der christlichen Bibel steht dieMündlichkeitdes Korans gegenüber. Der Umschlag zu einer schriftlichen Form wird mit der arabischen Schrift vollzogen, die die frühen Muslime modifizieren, kodifizieren und einfrieren. Die Sakralisierung der arabischen Schrift hat bis in die Gegenwart hineinreichende Konsequenzen und trägt wesentlich zur Diglossie in der arabischen Welt bei. Religionswissenschaftlich interessant ist, dass im Fall der arabischen Muslime religiöse mit kultureller und auch nationaler Identität verschmelzen: Arabische Sprache und Schrift halten diese Symbiose zusammen.
The Asturian language and the evolution of Romance clausal structure
Authors: Esteban Avelino Corral
Published: September 2019

Over the past few years, the comprehensive study of syntactic variation across both the Germanic and the Romance branches of languages in relation to the unmarked word order pattern has meant a more in-depth knowledge of the nature of the verb-second phenomenon – an extremely intricate typological concept because of the complex factors that give rise to such a word order restriction. The aim of this paper is to investigate word order phenomena in the Asturian language (Romance, Western Iberian: Spain) from a comparative perspective1 by examining the word order patterns found in a number of documents written over the course of two centuries, with a view to determining what constitutes the unmarked word order and gaining a better understanding of its core syntax. Such a study has entailed collating research on the verb-first, verb-second and subject-verb-object orders. Finally, it aims to shed more light on the evolutionary development of the Romance languages.
Negative imperatives in Eastern Romance languages: Latin heritage and Romance innovation
Authors: Ionescu Emil
Published: September 2019

This paper is a contribution to the study of negative imperatives in Romance. The paper starts from Raffaella Zanuttini, who, like other researchers, notices that most of Romance languages display, under certain conditions, an asymmetry between certain positive and negative imperatives. She holds that, historically, the asymmetry reflects a tendency in Romance of maintaining the early illocutionary Latin distinction between negations nōn and nē (Zanuttini 1997, 128 s.). The present study proposes, too, a historical explanation of this asymmetry. To this purpose, the analysis takes into account negative imperatives in three varieties of Latin, pre-Classical, Classical and Vulgar Latin. The approach leads to a reformulation of Zanuttini’s hypothesis. It is argued that the asymmetry in Romance amply documented in her study is due to the inheritance of the Vulgar Latin imperative system, which turns out to be “incomplete” in the sense that it does not incorporate either the illocutionary distinction nōn/nē or the early behaviour of nē (both visible in pre-Classical and Classical Latin). It is further argued that, if considered from the viewpoint of the Vulgar Latin system of imperative, some Romance innovations managed to independently reconstruct the pre-Classical Latin distinction, on another level of the historic evolution and under a different form. Data from Eastern Romance languages are adduced in support of this view.
Le motif de la gaste terre dans le Conte du Graal
Authors: Gracia Paloma
Published: September 2019

The topic of this paper revolves around the links that unite the motif of the Waste Land with the wound of the Fisher King in the Conte du Graal. These links are based, on the one hand, on ancestral beliefs that connect the land’s fecundity with the goodness of the king, while his faults are punished with its sterility, and on the other, with Augustinism. The ills of the Grail’s family constitute a deserved castigation derived from a chain of sins, originating in the previous generation with the commission of a sin of origin. The punishment embraces all the members of the family, and, in the very same way that Original sin is the cause of both mortality and the earth’s aridity, its punishment presupposes the king’s impotence and the kingdom’s barrenness, Perceval’s matricide, and his silence in front of the Grail. The awaited irruption of Perceval in the Fisher King’s domain signified for the Grail’s family the same as that of redemption for mankind. Perceval thus redeems his lineage, and with it, the earth, in the line of the old belief that linked the king’s sins with the earth’s sterility, in conformity with the pattern of the Fall, Punishment and Redemption.
Implementasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Membangun Karakter Generasi Muda Bangsa
Authors: Sulianti Ani , Safitri Robiah Mega , Gunawan Yasril
Published: September 2019

Citizenship education has a central role in building the character of the nation's young generation through local wisdom possessed by the Indonesian people, so that the role and implementation of citizenship education in building the character of the young generation. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, and interviews. Data processing techniques using triangulation. The data analysis technique used consisted of 4 stages, 1). Unitization or categorization 2). Data reduction 3). Data display, and 4). Drawing conclusions. The results showed that: benefits that can be received and then applied directly by students and educators in the educational context. Such as: providing a positive influence on students in building the character of the nation's young generation through the values of local wisdom. Raising awareness in students to always develop and preserve forms of local wisdom, and for educators (teachers) the implementation of Citizenship Education based on local wisdom is a new intermediary for delivering citizenship education materials which will certainly build the character of students appropriately.Pendidikan kewarganegaraan memiliki peran sentral dalam membangun karakter generasi muda bangsa melalui kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh bangsa Indonesia, sehingga, Peran dan Implementasi pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam membangun karakter generasi muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpul data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, dan wawancara. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu 1). Unitisasi atau kategorian 2). Reduksi data 3). Display data, dan 4). Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: manfaat yang dapat diterima dan kemudian diterapkan secara langsung oleh peserta didik maupun tenaga pendidik dalam konteks pendidikan. Seperti:Â Â Â  memberikan pengaruh positif kepada peserta didik dalam membangun karakter generasi muda bangsa melalui nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Menumbuhkan kesadaran dalam diri peserta didik untuk selalu mengembangkan dan melestarikan bentuk-bentuk kearifan lokal, dan untuk tenaga pendidik (guru) implementasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan berbasis kearifan lokal ini menjadi perantara baru untuk menyampaikan materi pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang tentunya akan membangun karakter peserta didik secara tepat.
Peran Narapidana Sebagai Pembangkit Sikap Empati Penghuni Penjara
Authors: Pramudibyanto Hascaryo
Published: September 2019

A person's status as a prisoner or prisoner has a new problem for them and their families that they leave, because not all problems can be resolved from outside the prison because the involvement of prisoners in the family is still needed. High demand for the necessities of life increases the inner pressure of the family when interacting with home, school, and other social environments in the form of expressions, awards, and conclusions that are not always true. This study is intended to determine the relationship between crime and the quality of prisoners' empathy from the point of view of compassion towards family members, as well as how prisoners express empathy for families. The method used is qualitative to obtain descriptive analysis data about phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, individual thoughts, and groups about the empathy of prisoners. The results obtained are, the prisoner's ability to generate empathy for other prisoners does not depend on age and age, the prisoner's ability to establish communication with good persuasion, being an example for other prisoners, there must be a collection of books or other. Unprinted material on empirical and suggestive matters, and prisons are examples of ways to improve the quality of one's empathy.Status seseorang sebagai tahanan atau narapidana memiliki masalah baru bagi mereka dan keluarga mereka yang mereka tinggalkan, karena tidak semua masalah bisa diselesaikan dari luar penjara karena keterlibatan napi dalam keluarga masih diperlukan. Permintaan yang tinggi akan kebutuhan hidup meningkatkan tekanan batin keluarga ketika berinteraksi dengan rumah, sekolah, dan lingkungan sosial lainnya dalam bentuk ekspresi, penghargaan, dan kesimpulan yang tidak selalu benar. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kejahatan terhadap kualitas sikap empati narapidana dilihat dari sudut pandang kasih sayang terhadap anggota keluarga, serta cara narapidana mengekspresikan empati terhadap keluarga. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif untuk memperoleh data analisis deskriptif tentang fenomena, peristiwa, kegiatan sosial, sikap, kepercayaan, persepsi, pemikiran individu, dan kelompok tentang sikap empati tahanan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah, kemampuan napi untuk menghasilkan empati bagi napi lain tidak tergantung pada usia dan usia, kemampuan napi untuk menjalin komunikasi dengan persuasi yang baik, menjadi contoh bagi napi lain, harus ada koleksi buku atau lainnya. materi yang tidak dicetak tentang hal-hal empiris dan sugestif, serta penjara adalah contoh cara meningkatkan kualitas empati seseorang.
Precious Play in Morten Søndergaard’s Ordapotek
Authors: Steponavičiūtė Ieva
Published: September 2019

After touching upon some theoretical aspects of play/game – text analogy, the article focuses on the manifestations of play in the project Wordpharmacy by the Danish author Morten Søndergaard, including its not problem-free relation to the image of the curious child at play.
Feminism with a Good Laugh – Holberg, Irony, and Equal Rights
Authors: Bredsdorff Thomas
Published: September 2019

Ludvig Holberg was a serious feminist throughout his career. Unlike most Enlightenment philosophers, he insisted on extending the enlightened principle of equal rights to women. He was also a gifted ironist, and employed laughter in his quest for equality, which could be one reason why his feminism has not always been taken seriously. An attempt is made to place Holberg’s irony in a historical perspective, as compared with romantic irony and Kierkegaard’s notion of that intriguing concept.
Compounding in Danish
Authors: Krasnova Elena
Published: September 2019

Compounding is a major word formation process in Danish. Approaches currently important for examining Danish compounds are outlined, mostly based on two-constituent N+N compounds. We argue that compounding has both specific and universal features in different languages. Different types of compounds in Danish are discussed with focus on elliptical compounds, without direct semantic relations between the components. This comprehensive approach has proved useful as compounds in Danish differ considerably in semantic relations between the components. The experiment shows that for some groups of “popular” words, analogy plays a great role in the creation and interpretation of novel compounds.
CRITICAL STUDY ON LEGAL THINKING OF MUHAMMAD SHAHRUR
Authors: Aravik Havis , Choiriyah Choiriyah , Saprida Saprida
Published: September 2019

Syahrur is a controversial thinker from Syria who offers a new epistemological base on the Theory of the Boundary (Nadzariyah Al-Hudud), in response to the stagnation of the study of Islamic legal thought, as well as a critique of the literal and rational groups that always dwell on the revelation and reason to provide modernity to its people. The thought of the Syharur reaped much criticism and blasphemy even in some of the country's books forbidden to read and circulate. But Western academics give full appreciation because Syahrur managed to continue the work that has not been done Fazlur Rahman with his double movement.In Boundary Theory (Nadzariyah Al-Hudud), Shahrur distinguishes between the prevailing limits of worship and the limits applicable in the al-hudud theme. For Shahrur, worship in the sense of the relationship between human and God that is tawqifiyah, consists of four categories only, namely prayer, zakat, fasting Ramadan, and hajj for the capable. Such forms have been finalized after being perfected by Islam and inviolable. While there are several possible forms for the development of law, Syahrur divides it into 6 theoretical models of maximum and minimum limits.  Keywords; Syria, dialectics, Nadzariyah Al-Hudud, Pluralism, Polygamy
The Positivisation of National Sharia Board Fatwa About Mudaraba Into Financial Service Authority Regulation
Authors: Hasanah Nur
Published: September 2019

The positivisation of National Sharia Board (DSN) fatwa about mudaraba into Financial Service Authority (OJK) regulation is an effort which conducted by OJK in running it’s regulating such as arranged in the Law Number 21 of 2011 regarding OJK. With this positivisation, DSN fatwa has legal and binding power because getting inside regulation such as arranged in the Law Number 12 of 2011 regarding the Establishment of Legislation (P3). However, there are gap and the difference content between the provisions in DSN fatwa above with OJK regulation by dint of positivisation pattern. Moreover, although there is DSN fatwa content which has not been asorbed in to OJK regulation, but it still has legal and binding power in shari’a financial industry in case reviewed from the perspective of H.L.A Hart’s legal theory.
Trends in Off-Label Drug Use in Ambulatory Settings: 2006–2015
Authors: Hoon Divya , Taylor Matthew T. , Kapadia Pooja , Gerhard Tobias , Strom Brian L. , Horton Daniel B.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:

Off-label drug use in children is common and potentially harmful. In most previous off-label use research, authors studied hospitalized children, specific drug classes, or non-US settings. We characterized frequencies, trends, and reasons for off-label systemic drug orders for children in ambulatory US settings.

METHODS:

Using nationally representative surveys of office-based physicians (National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, 2006–2015), we studied off-label orders of systemic drugs for children age <18 based on US Food and Drug Administration–approved labeling for age, weight, and indication. We characterized the top classes and diagnoses with off-label orders and analyzed factors and trends of off-label orders using logistic regression.

RESULTS:

Physicians ordered ≥1 off-label systemic drug at 18.5% (95% confidence interval: 17.7%–19.3%) of visits, usually (74.6%) because of unapproved conditions. Off-label ordering was most common proportionally in neonates (83%) and in absolute terms among adolescents (322 orders out of 1000 visits). Off-label ordering was associated with female sex, subspecialists, polypharmacy, and chronic conditions. Rates and reasons for off-label orders varied considerably by age. Relative and absolute rates of off-label orders rose over time. Among common classes, off-label orders for antihistamines and several psychotropics increased over time, whereas off-label orders for several classes of antibiotics were stable or declined.

CONCLUSIONS:

US office-based physicians have ordered systemic drugs off label for children at increasing rates, most often for unapproved conditions, despite recent efforts to increase evidence and drug approvals for children. These findings can help inform education, research, and policies around effective, safe use of medications in children.
Dealing with Distributional Assumptions in Preregistered Research
Authors: Williams Matt N , Albers Casper
Published: September 2019

Virtually any inferential statistical analysis relies on distributional assumptions of some kind. The violation of distributional assumptions can result in consequences ranging from small changes to error rates through to substantially biased estimates and parameters fundamentally losing their intended interpretations. Conventionally, researchers have conducted assumption checks after collecting data, and then changed the primary analysis technique if violations of distributional assumptions are observed. An approach to dealing with distributional assumptions that requires decisions to be made contingent on observed data is problematic, however, in preregisteredresearch, where researchers attempt to specify all important analysis decisions prior to collecting data. Limited methodological advice is currently available regarding how to deal with the prospect of distributional assumption violations in preregistered research. In this article, we examine several strategies that researchers could use in preregistrations to reduce the potential impact of distributional assumption violations. We suggest that pre-emptively selecting analysis methods that are as robust as possible to assumption violations, performing planned robustness analyses, and/or supplementing preregistered confirmatory analyses with exploratory checks of distributional assumptions may all be useful strategies. On the other hand, we suggest that prespecifying “decision trees” for selecting data analysis methods based on the distributional characteristics of the data may not be practical in most situations.
A Note On The Partition Dimension of Thorn of Fan Graph
Authors: Mardhaningsih Auli
Published: September 2019

Let be a connected graph and. For a vertex and an ordered k-partition of, the presentation of concerning is the k-vector, where denotes the distance between and for. The k-partition is said to be resolving if for every two vertices, the representation. The minimum k for which there is a resolving k-partition of is called the partition dimension of, denoted by. Let be a non-negative integer, for. The thorn of, with parameters is obtained by attaching vertices of degree one to the vertex, denoted by. In this paper, we determine the partition dimension of where, the fan on n+1 vertices, for.
Medical Students at Risk: Practical Lessons after 10 years of a Premedical Enrichment Program
Authors: DeVoe Pamela Houghton , Osgood Marcy , Shane Nancy
Published: September 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: At the impending conclusion of a ten-year post baccalaureate program, the authors evaluated our Premedical Enrichment Program (PrEP) for effectiveness and component transferability to the medical curriculum. The study focused on two research questions: 1) was the PrEP successful in matriculating well prepared educationally disadvantaged students to medical school, and, 2) What did PrEP students value most about the program? Methods: We matched 61 PrEP participants to a nonparticipating student of the same cohort, age, ethnic status, gender, economic disadvantage, MCAT score, and undergraduate GPA. We compared Step 1 performance and academic performance. An online survey tool collected student views on PrEP program effectiveness and retrospective pre-post questions regarding academic preparedness. Results: PrEP student academic outcomes were equal to those of the matched comparison group despite higher MCAT scores and GPAs for the latter. Students valued the strong program relationships they built, ensuring study partners and emotional support during medical school. Students reported that the PrEP increased biochemistry knowledge, improved study skills, familiarized them with medical school processes, and introduced them to an active learning pedagogy. They expressed gratitude for having the opportunity to study medicine. They felt the program built their confidence, encouraged professional identity exploration, and that their diverse experiences and challenges were valued. Discussion/Conclusion: Results reiterate the importance of the social learning environment, the potential to strengthen academic performance by building genuine and long lasting relationships, and the subsequent potential for growth in confidence for medical school. Interconnected course content reinforces new learning and student confidence with learning strategies. Important goals for educationally disadvantaged student success include building these trust relationships with significant faculty and student colleagues. Confidence and trust have the opportunity to grow with authentic performance successes, witnessed, shared, and confirmed by sympathetic peers and faculty.
Learning Styles of Orthopaedic Residents and Their Performance in the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination
Authors: Chen Xi , Khor Yuet Peng , Pearce Christopher Jon
Published: September 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The success of a training programme hinges on the performance of their residents. Trainers and learners need to adapt to rapid advancement of medical knowledge and technology coupled with training requirements such as research and duty hour restrictions. An understanding of the learning style preferences may be helpful for both trainers and learners.In this study we evaluated the orthopaedic resident learning styles and hypothesised that the read/write dominant learning styles is associated with better OITE scores.The Fleming VARK learning styles questionnaire was administered to orthopaedic residents at a single centre in 2017. Their OITE scores and yearly faculty review of performance were analysed for association with their learning styles.All residents (n=22) completed the questionnaire. All but one resident had quad-modal preference for learning. 45% of the trainees were kinaesthetic dominant, 32% read/write dominant and 27% visual dominant and 18% aural dominant. Aural dominant learners had highest average OITE scores followed by kinaesthetic dominant learners.Our residents showed multimodal preferred learning style with most of our residents being kinaesthetic dominant. Trainers and learners may consider incorporating a greater number of teaching activities that suit their individual learning styles to enhance their learning efficiency.
Assessing the empathy of medical students during medical interview training in Japan by using mixed-methods surveys of simulated patients
Authors: Harada Yoshimi , Hirayama Yoji , Wakuda Kana , Imura Hiromi , Otaki Junji
Published: September 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Medical interviews are performed during objective structured clinical examinations, to assess the communication skills of medical students. In particular, medical students are assessed regarding whether they demonstrate empathy during these staged interviews. However, no studies to date have analyzed the validity of the methods to evaluate empathy during objective structured clinical examinations. Aim: Here we sought to identify factors affecting whether simulated (standardized) patients (SPs) felt that the medical students had treated them empathetically during medical interview training. Methods: The training involved the participation of SPs during the bedside learning of fifth-year medical students in Japan. After the students completed medical interview training, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey. We developed the list of questionnaire items through semi-structured interviews asking SPs to describe when the student had been empathetic. Results: The item "I felt that the student was empathic throughout the interview" was significantly correlated with "I was given enough time to talk at the beginning of the interview," "The student made good eye contact," "The student's attitude was appropriate," "I was able to say enough of what I wanted to talk about," and "The student used phrases that expressed empathy." Multiple regression analysis revealed that "The student used phrases that expressed empathy" was the only independent predictor of "I felt that the student was empathic throughout the interview." Conclusions: The factor that correlated most strongly with the SP feeling that the student was empathic during a medical interview was "The student used phrases that expressed empathy." However, correlations also occurred with open-ended questions and the student's level of attention at the beginning of the interview and with the student's attitude. Together, these findings indicate that several types of both verbal and nonverbal communication determined whether SPs felt that medical students showed empathy during staged medical interviews.
Taguchi method to determine the best location for cooling and heating appliances
Authors: Pezeshki Zahra , Soleimani Ali , Darabi Ahmad
Published: September 2019

Today, saving energy is very important. Plenty of research has tried to minimise energy losses. The first step for maintaining energy is to find a way to reduce consumption and save money, which means less cost, fuel and pollution. Hence, there is a need to look for the necessary infrastructure to reduce the use of and distribute optimal energy. In this paper, the Taguchi method for energy modelling (EM) optimisation is proposed to predict the best location for heating and cooling appliances. Here, all information about one of the units of the Toos Arman Star Apartment Hotel located in Mashhad, Iran, was obtained. Based on fundamental analysis, the major factors are building coordinates (X, Y, and Z). According to the major factors, orthogonal array L25 is engaged for Taguchi experiments. The authors tried to maximise the satisfaction of building residents by defining the fitness function approaching to thermal comfort point of 25°C. Based on L25 of Taguchi experiments, the best successful result is analysed to select the level of major factors. The result of Taguchi optimisation was introduced into Comsol Multiphysics software and EM was performed using the determined critical points again. The experimental results show the successful location for cooling and heating appliances compared to the initial design of room 1.
The Future of “Disability:” The Evolution of the Concept and the Experience
Authors: Ferguson Philip M.
Published: September 2019

Phil Ferguson commented on his article via video.  See his Take.  (Or click on the embedded video button on the left to see what he has to say.)
seqFISH Tissue Preservation v1
Authors: Cai Long , Dar Nina , Lin Yiing , Lin Shin
Published: September 2019

Tissue Preparation for seqFISH
Presentation as a way of translation skills developing
Authors: Sejtkazy Perizat B. , Kuregyan Amalia L. , Pertsevaya Ekaterina A.
Published: September 2019

Currently, teaching almost every subject is accompanied by the creation of slide presentations, which are considered to be one of the most convenient and intuitive ways to process information. Moreover, this type of activity is also a way of the vocabulary drilling and a form of control of the topic studied in class, thus replacing monological speech on the material involved.The article presents the algorithm of working with the presentation as a way of translation skills formation of students studying at the Institute of Facultative Education of Samara State Technical University. This algorithm was derived from the analysis of presentations done by the students. The paper also provides recommendations for the effective presentations preparation in a foreign language. Such classes proved to be very effective: students do not have any difficulties with the presentation format, as it is discussed and worked out in advance; there is an idea of the most common mistakes in the presenting the information that should be avoided in their own speech, in addition, the audience is provided with a template that contains all the basic elements of the successful presentation. As a result, the students’ presentations are done at an extremely high level, which is one of the aspects of good preparation for the presentation in the final year of their studying.
The change in the level of responsibility in the rehabilitation process of persons suffering from drug addiction
Authors: Serezhko Tatiana A. , Volobueva Natalia M.
Published: September 2019

The study is devoted to the study of changes in the level of responsibility in the process of rehabilitation of people suffering from drug addiction. As research methods used: bibliographic review of foreign and domestic psychological literature, testing, quantitative and qualitative analysis of empirical data. The study was conducted in three stages, which were based on the allocation of the system of organizational and methodological tools and research principles.At the first stage, it was found that drug addicts who are beginning rehabilitation have low rates of responsibility. This is especially true in such areas of life as: the scope of failures in activities, the sphere of family relations, the sphere of interpersonal relations, health, which is primarily due to a lack of understanding of the meaning of responsibility and its role in human life and their own. Drug addicts can not cope with the negative emotions that arise at a time when the activity or situation is quite complex.At the second stage, the author monitored the course of the rehabilitation process and participated in its psychological support. Individual consultations, psychological trainings and group psychotherapy were included in a single process of rehabilitation of drug addicts, which we observed and analyzed for six months.At the third stage, respondents were examined after rehabilitation and found that they have acquired the ability to self-reliance and responsible performance of tasks and assignments.Comparison of the results of the study of responsibility before and after rehabilitation shows that in the process of rehabilitation there are changes in the responsibility of drug addicts. It is revealed that after rehabilitation the respondents significantly changed (increased) indicators of responsibility, which has a positive impact on the formation of attitudes to health in the context of dependent behavior.