bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies in residential construction
Authors: Rodionova Liana
Published: February 2025

The 21st century is characterized by a growing commitment to preserving the natural environment. Coming out of the industrial revolution, the focus has now shifted toward environmental sustainability as one of the key aspects of human progression. More countries are adapting green economy programs that support the development of mechanisms promoting renewable energy sources and ensuring energy-efficient materials in constructions for housing and industry. Entire industrial sectors are undergoing transformation, with a focus on environmental safety making them increasingly attractive to investors. Mastering advanced technologies ensures competitiveness in the job market. The nature of competition itself is evolving, with the environmental credentials of products — encompassing their entire life cycle, from production to disposal — emerging as a key determinant of success.
Promoting green technologies through digital marketing platforms and social media
Authors: Ali Al-Ababneh Hassan , Ahmad Alkhudierat Noor , Hammad Almubaydeen Tareq , Hanna Zawaideh Farah , Alhosban Amal , Ibrahim Mugableh Mohamed
Published: February 2025

There is a growing interest in green technologies, which is associated with the global need for sustainable development and the transition to environmentally friendly energy sources. One of the effective tools for promoting these technologies is digital marketing, in particular social media platforms. The use of social media and digital channels to promote green technologies is becoming a key factor in raising consumer awareness and stimulating them to more environmentally friendly solutions. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of digital marketing and social media in promoting green technologies, as well as to study their effectiveness in attracting and retaining the target audience. The work considers various platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube and TikTok and their impact on the perception of environmentally friendly solutions. It examines the methods and strategies used by companies to create content aimed at conscious consumers, as well as ways to interact with the audience to form long-term relationships. The importance of integrating digital technologies into the marketing strategies of companies operating in the field of green technologies is substantiated and the prospects for their further application in the context of global environmental challenges are highlighted.
Indicators of the ecological state of industrial areas of the soils
Authors: Jobborov B.T. , Jabbarov Z.A. , Allaberdiev R. , Oteuliev J.B. , Allamuratov M.O.
Published: February 2025

The article presents practical recommendations for the analysis of the degradation of the environment and changes in its structural components under the influence of industrial areas. It is recommended to carry out work to monitor the changes in the physical, chemical, and agrochemical properties of soils occurring in the territories affected by industrialization.
Evaluating sustainable geological exploration: An environmental and economic efficiency assessment of joint investment projects
Authors: Fatkhutdinova Olga , Demyanova Olga , Nuryiakhmetova Svetlana
Published: February 2025

International cooperation and globalisation have become vital in the contemporary world, and most organisations seek opportunities to expand beyond their national boundaries through foreign operations. This essay aims to compare the tax regimes of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan for oil production companies to assess the feasibility of joint venture investments. The authors, in line with the objectives of this study, address several key tasks: analysing existing domestic and international practices in the division of natural rent between the state and oil companies; evaluating the efficacy of investment projects under different conditions; and exploring geological exploration investment projects for partnership opportunities in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The focus of the study is the regulatory framework governing investment projects for geological surveys in Uzbekistan.
Process of conductivity in rocks
Authors: Sidorova I.P. , Saxobidinov R.I. , Golovko E.A.
Published: February 2025

In article described the program «PercolationCheck» intended for calculation of percolation (conductivity) process in rocks on the basis of raster pictures of distribution of elements in the sample, received on micro analyzer JXA-8800R JEOL. The scope of the program - research of materials - chemistry, physics of natural combinations. The program determines presence cells of percolation configurations and visually displays on the screen of computer the available in the investigated sample the clusters, their capacity, presence of one or more connecting clusters, testifying about presence’s percolation (conductivity).
Innovative approaches to enhancing sustainability in agro-industrial complexes through renewable energy integration and precision agriculture technologies
Authors: Rushchitskaya Olga , Kulikova Elena , Kruzhkova Tatyana , Kot Ekaterina , Ruchkin Aleksey
Published: February 2025

The agro-industrial complex (AIC) is a crucial sector in ensuring food security and economic stability, particularly in the context of increasing global population and environmental challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of innovative approaches aimed at enhancing the sustainability of AIC through the integration of renewable energy sources and precision agriculture technologies. The study explores the current state of renewable energy implementation in agriculture, focusing on solar, wind, and bioenergy applications. Additionally, it examines the role of precision agriculture in optimizing resource use efficiency, reducing environmental impacts, and improving crop yields. Through a detailed review of recent research, case studies, and technological advancements, the paper highlights the potential of these innovations to contribute to the sustainable development of AIC. The findings suggest that the synergistic application of renewable energy and precision agriculture can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of agricultural practices, improve energy efficiency, and support the global transition towards sustainable food systems. The article concludes with recommendations for policy makers, researchers, and industry stakeholders on promoting the adoption of these technologies in the AIC sector.
Resilience of agro-industrial regions in the Volga Federal District to import supply restrictions
Authors: Elshin Leonid , Mingulov Almaz , Abdrakhmanova Dilyara
Published: February 2025

Resilience theory offers a critical framework for addressing risks posed by sanctions and external shocks. While extensively studied at the macroeconomic level, significant methodological gaps persist at the meso-economic level, particularly in agrarian-focused regions. This study develops strategic guidelines and management models to enhance the resilience of meso-level economic systems in the Volga Federal District, with a focus on agro-industrial entities. By systematizing and adapting existing approaches, the study introduces a novel methodology for assessing regional resilience to external shocks. This method evaluates two key dimensions: vulnerability and recovery efficiency. The findings provide actionable insights for improving regional shock resilience, contributing to sustainable development and food security amid evolving foreign economic relations.
Environmental safety in the agro-industrial complex: The role of working time and rest time
Authors: Sergeenko Yulia , Tipikina Ekaterina , Krasovskaya Oksana , Nikitenko Yulia , Roninson Olga
Published: February 2025

The ecology of the globe depends on many factors, including the infrastructure of industrial and municipal facilities, the competent organization of environmental safety at agro-industrial enterprises, and the human factor in the performance of labor duties at such facilities. To prevent pollution of agro-ecosystems and reduce technogenic impacts on the environment, it is essential to establish working conditions that comply with labor legislation. This primarily concerns working time and rest time. Only with adequate rest after the working day can employees perform their duties attentively and avoid mistakes at industrial facilities, which could otherwise have adverse effects on the environment. A rational allocation and utilization of working time help reduce production risks that negatively impact the environment. The authors emphasize the relationship and interdependence between such social phenomena as working time and rest time for agro-industrial complex workers, their health, quality of life, and environmental safety at both national and regional levels.
The role of green technologies in enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing ecological footprint
Authors: Zhang Li , Takhumova Oksana , Borzunov Igor , Kalitskaya Victoria , Rykalina Olga
Published: February 2025

Green technologies are instrumental in revolutionizing agricultural practices to achieve higher productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. This paper explores the integration of green technologies in agriculture, focusing on their contributions to enhancing agricultural output and reducing the ecological footprint. Through a comprehensive bibliographic analysis, the study examines various green technologies, including precision agriculture, renewable energy systems, sustainable irrigation methods, and bio-based fertilizers. The research highlights how precision agriculture utilizes data-driven approaches to optimize resource use, thereby increasing crop yields and reducing waste. Renewable energy systems, such as solar and wind-powered machinery, contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. Sustainable irrigation techniques, including drip and sprinkler systems, enhance water use efficiency and mitigate water scarcity issues. Additionally, bio-based fertilizers offer environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers, promoting soil health and reducing chemical runoff. Case studies from diverse geographic regions, including North America, Europe, and Asia, illustrate the successful implementation of these technologies and their positive impacts on agricultural sustainability. The findings underscore the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration, supportive policy frameworks, and investment in research and development to foster the widespread adoption of green technologies in agriculture. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and barriers to implementation, such as high initial costs, lack of technical expertise, and resistance to change among farmers. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, agricultural practitioners, and researchers to overcome these obstacles and accelerate the transition towards sustainable agricultural systems.
Sustainable agricultural practices for environmental preservation: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Wang Mei Hua , Takhumova Oksana , Borzunov Igor , Kalitskaya Victoria , Kolobov Egor
Published: February 2025

Sustainable agricultural practices are pivotal for environmental conservation in the face of escalating global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. This article examines the problems and opportunities associated with implementing sustainable farming methods worldwide. By analyzing various countries' approaches, we identify common obstacles—including economic constraints, technological gaps, and policy deficiencies—and highlight successful strategies that promote environmental stewardship while ensuring food security. Two tables illustrate the comparative analysis of sustainable practices and policy frameworks across different nations. The findings suggest that while challenges are significant, opportunities for adopting sustainable agriculture are abundant, provided there is collaborative effort among governments, stakeholders, and the global community.
Environmental aspects of exposure to tobacco smoke and methods for reducing its harm to the environment and human health
Authors: Rakhmatullayev Akmal , Oltiyev Elyor , Boltayeva Zaringisu , Khalimova Dilrabo , Umarova Mahfuza , Jarilkasinova Gauxar
Published: February 2025

Chemical addiction is combined with psychological addiction. Nicotine withdrawal, which manifests itself in the form of severe physiological symptoms, becomes a serious obstacle to getting rid of it. Therefore, many smokers, realizing the harm of nicotine to health, are not able to give it up. In such cases, auxiliaries containing substitute substances or nicotine in therapeutic doses become assistants. Some help to survive a difficult period of withdrawal relatively without harm to the body, others are not so safe. We will find out if they are really able to help you quit smoking, as well as what are the substitutes for cigarettes and what is their effect.
A surface-potential-based electrical model for amorphous InGaZnO electric-double-layer transistors with electrolyte insulation
Authors: Xu Piao-Rong , Zeng Qing-Min , Wang Lu , Cai Min-Xi , Liu E-Xian , Liu Gen-Hua , Shan Zheng-Ping
Published: February 2025

The electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs) have attracted much attention on achieving ultra-high-density charge accumulation and low operating voltage due to their huge capacitance in electrolyte insulation. A surface-potential-based electric-double-layer (EDL) capacitance and drain current model for amorphous InGaZnO EDLTs is proposed in this paper. It is demonstrated that the EDL capacitance, which includes compact layer and diffuse layer capacitance, is affected not only by the ionic characteristics of the electrolyte, but also by the partial voltage of the gate voltage VGS. The calculated drain current shows good consistency with the reported experimental data. Finally, the effect of the ionic density c and the occupancy of electrolyte capacity on EDL capacitance, surface potential and drain current in the amorphous InGaZnO EDLTs are analyzed with the VGS-dependent EDL capacitance taken into consideration.
Is there a need for a CT scan of the pancreatic phase? A perfusion and simulation study of the pancreas, an HCC, and the kidney cortex
Authors: Cressoni Massimo , Cadringher Paolo , Colarieti Anna , Darvizeh Fatemeh , Cozzi Andrea , Cina Claudio , Zanardo Moreno , Ambrogi Federico , Ippolito Davide , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: February 2025

To explore the peak enhancement time of a hepatocellular carcinoma, the pancreas, and the kidney cortex and its determinants.

We obtained a time enhancement curve from the perfusion CT scans of 11 advanced HCC patients (40 volumes at 1.25 s time interval, slab slice 90 mm, bolus of 50 ml of iodinated contrast agent, 350 g iodine/ml, flow 5 ml/s). Small regions of interest were drawn on the abdominal aorta, the HCC, the cortex of the right kidney, and on the pancreas. The behavior of the contrast agent in the capillary and in the surrounding tissue was further explored with a finite element model.

The peak enhancement time of the pancreas did not differ from that of the HCC (10±3 vs. 11±4 s, p=0.9), while the peak enhancement time of the kidney tended to be a few seconds earlier (8±1 s, p=0.082 vs. pancreas and p=0.069 vs. kidney). Simulation showed that the time span in which the tissue enhancement remained within 10% of its peak value was similar across all capillary densities and ranged between 26−38 s for a capillary density of 0.00125 per mm to 30–60 s for a capillary density of 0.01.

The plateau tissue enhancement clinically acquired in the “late arterial phase” should be adequate both for the detection of hypervascular liver lesions such as HCCs and for obtaining peak pancreatic enhancement to detect hypovascular lesions.
Preparation of 3-Allenyl-4-methylenetetrahydrofurans
Authors: Wang Yu-Min , Liu Yi-Hung , Liu Shiuh-Tzung
Published: February 2025

A novel method for preparation of 3-allenyl-4-methylene-tetrahydrofurans was disclosed via Pd-catalysed enyne cyclization reaction of propargyl 2-en-4-ynyl ether under Suzuki coupling conditions. The reaction proceeds via Pd-activation of the terminal alkyne, cyclization, formation of allenyl moiety, and reductive elimination leading the final product. This methodology offers several advantages such as easy manipulation, mild reaction conditions, and easily accessible starting materials, providing a range of tri- and 1,1-di-disubstituted allenyl methylenefuran derivatives.
Assessing Phonatory Efficiency in Kosovar Pre-primary and Primary School Teachers: Gender and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Preteni Erza , Kacka Muljaim , Isufi Mirsije , Shabani Jonida , Rexhepi Erletë , Preniqi Mirgena , Hyseni Marigonë , Xhemajli Melinda
Published: February 2025

Pre-primary and primary school teachers rely heavily on their voices for communication. This study investigates phonatory efficiency differences among these teachers in Kosovo, focusing on gender-based differences and the impact of lifestyle behaviors. We recruited 100 teachers from pre-primary and primary levels in four municipalities. Data collection included maximum phonation measurements for the phonemes /a/, /s/, and /z/; the s/z ratio; sociodemographic data; and a self-reported questionnaire on lifestyle behaviors. Significant differences in phonatory efficiency were found, with pre-primary teachers showing reduced efficiency. Surprisingly, the mean s/z ratio was higher for primary teachers, though the results were not significant. Among primary teachers, females exhibited lower vocal efficiency than males. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between maximum phonation time and lifestyle behaviors, including age, smoking, and loud cheering. Multiple regression analysis indicated that smoking and age significantly affected vocal efficiency. Gender also contributed to variance in vocal function, with females generally showing lower efficiency. Alcohol consumption had a marginally negative effect on vocal efficiency. This study provides insights into phonation differences among educators, marking a pioneering effort in the Southeast Balkan region, and underscores the need for policies and interventions to enhance vocal well-being.
The impact of war on animal welfare: the Imperial Japanese Navy’s manipulation of pigeon behavior in WW II
Authors: Peng Cheng , Luo Zi-qi , Guo Lin-hui , Zhu Yi-fei
Published: February 2025

Throughout modern history, animals have played a significant role in human warfare. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) conducted extensive efforts to modify the natural behaviors of pigeons in order to enhance their utility in military operations. To enable pigeons to support communications aboard moving warships, the IJN exposed these land-dwelling birds to maritime environments, training them to endure challenging conditions such as inclement weather, extreme temperatures, long-distance sea flights, and night-time navigation. During the latter stages of World War II, as Japan faced intensified aerial bombardments, the IJN developed concealed underground pigeon lofts. This forced pigeons to adapt to subterranean environments. These experiments, driven by wartime demands, not only distorted the pigeons’ natural behaviors but also seriously compromised their health and survival. Many pigeons died during training and experimentation, while even larger numbers perished on the battlefield. Furthermore, the prolonged shortage of specialized military personnel led to inadequate care and neglect of the pigeons, resulting in the outbreak of infectious diseases and then deaths that could have been avoided among the birds. Despite advancements in military technologies, animals continue to be exploited in modern warfare, with their welfare and survival in ignorance. Reflecting on these historical lessons, it is imperative to recognize that modern warfare ethics should extend beyond human rights to encompass the welfare and protection of animals used in military operations.
The function of ASR-generated live transcription in simultaneous interpreting: trainee interpreters’ perceptions from post-task interviews
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Wang Binhua , Yuan Lu
Published: February 2025

This study explores whether live transcription generated with the technology of automatic-speech-recognition (ASR) can be used to facilitate simultaneous interpreting. This article reports an analysis of trainee interpreters’ perceptions based on post-task structured interviews after an eye-tracked interpreting task without live transcription in the first half and with live transcription in the second half, which was done by a group of trainee interpreters from a postgraduate professional interpreting programme. The interviews were analysed in triangulation with the eye-tracking data about their interpreting behaviours. The results show that most participants perceived live transcription beneficial, with data indicating improved performance and lowered error rates in terms of terminologies, numbers, and proper names. It is also found that while some interpreters reported that they can adeptly manage multimodal inputs, others reported challenges in optimizing their focus of attention when live transcription was provided. The overall interference score in interpreting with live transcription spikes from 9 to 13.2, suggesting fluctuating cognitive demand. Eye-tracking data further corroborate these attentional dynamics, echoing participants’ self-reported behaviours. The study points to the need for training programmes to equip interpreters with capabilities to utilize technological tools such as live transcription, ensuring optimal attention management and overall performance.
A microfluidic sucrose gap device for electrical measurement of gap junction connectivity
Authors: Dungan J. , Mathews J. , Levin M. , Koomson V.
Published: February 2025

A microfluidic device has been designed to electrically measure average intercellular connectivity in a cell monolayer. This proof-of-concept design uses elastomeric microvalves to isolate cells across three microfluidic chambers, creating a direct microscale analog of benchtop sucrose gap physiology rigs. The device operation has been verified for normal rat kidney cells (NRK-49F) using a chemical gap junction blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). At 410 Hz, the system measured an averaged network impedance magnitude between 730 and 930 kΩ and demonstrated the ability to distinguish a significant increase of 6.51 kΩ and 0.464° due to 2-APB perfusion.
Burn propagation in magnetized high-yield inertial fusion
Authors: O'Neill S. T. , Appelbe B. D. , Crilly A. J. , Walsh C. A. , Strozzi D. J. , Moody J. D. , Chittenden J. P.
Published: February 2025

Recent experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have demonstrated ignition for the first time in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment, a major milestone allowing the possibility of high energy gain through burn propagation. Use of external magnetic fields, applied primarily to reduce thermal losses, could increase hotspot temperature and ease requirements for ignition, opening up the capsule design space for high energy gain. However, this same restriction of thermal transport has the potential to inhibit burn propagation, which is vital in the attainment of high gain. In this work, radiation-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations carried out using the code Chimera are used to investigate the effect of a pre-imposed magnetic field on ignition and burn propagation. This paper studies the propagation of burn using both an idealized planar model and in fully integrated 2D MHD simulations of an igniting NIF capsule. A study of magnetized burn propagation in the idealized planar model identifies three regimes of magnetized burn propagation: (1) thermal conduction driven; (2) alpha transport driven; and (3) fully suppressed burn. Simulations of NIF shot N210808 with an applied 40 T axial field show clear indication of burn suppression perpendicular to field lines, with rapid burn observed along field lines. Implosion shape is altered by the field, and anisotropic conduction causes significant modification to the rate of ablation during stagnation. These results highlight the fundamental changes to implosion dynamics in high-yield magnetized ICF and motivate further study to better optimize future magnetized target designs for high gain.
Surface roughness, energy distribution, and scale of structures for the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Liu Xinwei , Jin Ting
Published: February 2025

A wall-modeled large-eddy simulation is conducted to investigate the energy distribution and structural characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer over various surface roughness types, such as homogeneous, abrupt, and alternating roughness. The results show that increasing the roughness enhances the energy of small-scale motions, while large-scale motions exhibit the opposite behavior. A single energy peak is observed for homogeneous roughness, whereas abrupt roughness transition leads to double energy peaks, with very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) appearing near the wall. As the roughness varies alternately at an interval of 2πδ, the energy of VLSMs increases. While the interval is further reduced to πδ, the energy of VLSMs will be transferred to the large-scale motions and small-scale motions. The scale of streamwise structures depends on the roughness, height, and interval of alternating roughness. Meanwhile, the structure inclination angle is proportional to the surface roughness. We conclude that the high-energy region near the wall, generated by abrupt and alternating roughness, will play a key role in material transport.
Implicit modeling of equivariant tensor basis with Euclidean turbulence closure neural network
Authors: Kaszuba Grzegorz , Krakowski Tomasz , Ziegler Bartosz , Jaszkiewicz Andrzej , Sankowski Piotr
Published: February 2025

Improved turbulence models are necessary for achieving more accurate solutions in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations. RANS is widely used in various engineering applications, and enhancing its accuracy is crucial for geometry design and control applications. With the increasing availability of high-fidelity datasets, machine learning (ML) techniques offer the opportunity for data-driven inference of RANS equation closure terms. By Pope's theoretical analysis, ML turbulence closure models for RANS simulations are often used alongside physics-informed preprocessing of equivariant tensor basis. In this work, we replace this established approach by designing an equivariant turbulence model with Euclidean Neural Networks (e3nn). We demonstrate that Pope's tensor basis is a special case of our model. We test the model on the periodic hills flow case dataset. Our approach significantly improves the prediction of anisotropic components of Reynolds stresses, leading to more accurate modeling of the flow field when integrated into RANS through a single injection.
A regional spatial nonlocal continuous time random walk model for tracer transport in fluids
Authors: Li ZhiPeng , Sun HongGuang
Published: February 2025

Geological formations exhibit complex and diverse structures, which affect the transport behavior of tracers such as contaminants and sediments in fluids through various complex processes. Traditional models like the advection–diffusion equation and continuous time random walk (CTRW) have limitations in characterizing regional spatial nonlocal tracer transport processes, leading to unpredictable results. This study proposes a novel regional spatial–temporal (ST) nonlocal CTRW (ST-CTRW) model that employs the peridynamic differential operator and memory kernel to incorporate spatial–temporal nonlocalities. The ST-CTRW model can effectively capture both spatial and temporal nonlocal transport behaviors by utilizing varying weight function, interaction domain, and tracer resting time distribution. This model is capable of characterizing both normal and anomalous tracer transport behaviors and converges to the space fractional CTRW model with a power-law weight function coupled with a global interaction domain. As a generalized tool, the ST-CTRW model bridges the gap between spatial nonlocal tracer transport processes at regional scales, extending from local to global levels.
Predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of the droplets based on the machine learning algorithm
Authors: Yao Jiyu , Wang Tiantian , Dong Lini , Shi Fangcheng , Zhu Yan , Li Hengkui , Jia Xiaoping , Yang Buyao , Wang Yu , Liu Huifang , Lu Yibin
Published: February 2025

Aerosol pollutants composed of suspended droplets significantly impact environmental quality and human health. Predicting the spatiotemporal distribution of cough droplets remains a challenge due to their complex multiphase dynamics, involving intricate interactions between droplet motion and turbulent airflow. This study presents a three-dimensional Gaussian parameter model integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with machine learning to efficiently simulate and predict the transport and dispersion of indoor cough droplets. The Gaussian model derived from CFD flow field dynamics and droplet kinematics adheres to conservation principles and hyperbolicity, ensuring physical consistency. An adaptive polynomial feature random forest algorithm predicts model parameters, enabling rapid reconstruction of droplet trajectories and spatial distribution patterns. The approach achieves a 76.4% reduction in computational cost compared to traditional CFD simulations while maintaining high accuracy, with a mean absolute error below 0.07 and a mean squared error below 0.014. This robust and versatile framework advances the understanding of aerosol transport dynamics, offering critical insight and practical tools for indoor air quality management and aerosol pollution control.
Gas–liquid separation mechanisms and bubble dynamics in a helical axial multiphase flow pump
Authors: Quan Hui , Li Jiayi , Sun Jun , Shi Guangtai , Li Yifei , Li Yuan , Qiao Jinyu , Li Yinqiang
Published: February 2025

To clarify the mechanism of gas plugging caused by gas–liquid separation in a helical axial multiphase flow pump under two-phase conditions, the flow pattern, bubble distribution, and evolution in the pump were studied by high-speed camera technology. It is found that the gas phase presents four different forms with different inlet gas volume fractions: isolated bubble flow, linear bubble flow, airbag flow, and emulsion flow. The increase in inlet gas volume fraction promotes the aggregation of bubbles and changes the flow pattern inside the impeller. This change can be alleviated by increasing the rotational speed to promote bubble breakup. In addition, the probability density function of the equivalent diameter of the bubble in the impeller obeys the lognormal distribution, and the equivalent diameter ranges from 0 to 4 mm. The equivalent diameter of the bubble is proportional to the inlet gas volume fraction and inversely proportional to the rotational speed. The bubble behavior is unstable, and it is easy to agglomerate at the inlet and outlet of the impeller to form large bubbles, which leads to a decrease in pump performance. This study provides a scientific basis for the optimal pump design and is of great significance for preventing gas plugging.
Liquid metal droplet generation based on T-junction microchannels
Authors: Lv Yunfan , Li Bowen , Gao Shibo , Korvink Jan G. , Deng Yongbo
Published: February 2025

Galinstan liquid metal remains liquid at room temperature and exhibits unique physical properties including fluidity and high electrical conductivity, and its manipulation is a subject of extensive research interest. In contrast to existing control methods, such as electric and magnetic fields, we focus on a novel and efficient approach based on generating liquid metal droplets through microchannels. The present investigation mainly deals with generating liquid metal droplets through establishing a two-dimensional computational model based on the phase-field method for the droplet microfluidics in a T-junction structure. To enhance its performance, a constraint structure is added to expand the adjustment range of droplet formation. The constraint structure and increasing flow rate enhance the viscous shear effect, which reduces the droplet formation length and increases the generation frequency. Polymethyl methacrylate and pressure-sensitive adhesive are laser-cut to fabricate the microchannels. A peristaltic pump is utilized as the driving device, and a high-speed camera is employed to record the liquid metal droplet formation process. Both reducing the constraint ratio and increasing the flow ratio result in accelerated shear rate and increased droplet formation frequency, which is consistent with the simulation results. In experiments, the constraint structure enhanced the viscous shear effect, and relocation of the fracture location was observed. In addition, the high surface tension and inertia of the liquid metal released energy during droplet breakup, leading to noticeable oscillation and deformation of the droplet. Both the simulation and experimental results provide guidelines for the application of liquid metal generation in reconfigurable metasurfaces.
Effect of silica nanofluid on coal wettability and its stability characterization
Authors: Zhao Jiajia , Tian Shixiang , Jiang Zebiao , Ma Tengfei , Ran Qican
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of water-based silica nanofluids on coal wettability through molecular simulations, physical experiments, and theoretical analysis. It explores how nanoparticles affect coal's wettability and the mechanisms behind nanoparticle aggregation and sedimentation. The distribution of surface electrostatic potential for coal, nanoparticles, and water molecules was analyzed, revealing the mechanisms by which nanoparticles improve coal wettability. A molecular simulation system was constructed to study the adsorption dynamics, showing how nanoparticles influence coal wettability at the molecular level. The study also analyzed the stability of the nanofluid, revealing nanoparticle aggregation and sedimentation behaviors. Results show that nanoparticles enhance coal wettability, with type II nanoparticles exhibiting stronger adsorption on coal and water molecules. The interaction energies between nanoparticles and coal, as well as between nanoparticles and water, are significant. Nanoparticle aggregation and sedimentation occur in three stages: early aggregation, mid-stage sedimentation-aggregation, and late-stage sedimentation. The study indicates that van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding drive these processes. This research supports the use of nanofluids in enhancing water injection technology for safe and efficient coal extraction.
Numerical investigation on the natural transition of boundary layers on an underwater axisymmetric body with heated/cooled walls
Authors: Lv Junbo , Zhang Yongming , Liu Jianhua
Published: February 2025

Heated/cooed walls serve as an effective method for controlling the transitions of boundary layers. This study investigates the stability and natural transition of the boundary layers on an underwater axisymmetric body with heated/cooled walls by using numerical methods. First, this study develops a stability analysis method for bow boundary layers on such walls, considering the dependence of water viscosity and thermal conductivity on temperature, temperature disturbances, as well as the streamwise and circumferential curvatures of the wall. Based on the results of the stability analyses, the transition positions are predicted using the eN method. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data, verifying the method's reliability. Subsequently, this study investigates the influence of wall temperature and oncoming flow velocity on the transition of boundary layers on heated/cooled walls. The results indicate that heated walls stabilize the boundary layer and significantly delay the transition position, while cooled walls produce the opposite effects. There exists an optimal heated wall temperature, at which the wall exerts the most pronounced effect in delaying the transition. Heated wall temperatures higher than this optimal value weaken the delay effect. The transition position is quite sensitive to variations in wall temperature on heated walls, while the sensitivity is less pronounced on cooled walls. Furthermore, regardless of whether the wall is heated or cooled, an increase in oncoming flow velocity destabilizes the boundary layer and advances the transition.
Characterisation of nodulation capacity with native rhizobia in germplasm of the under-utilised forage species Macroptilium
Authors: Zabala Juan Marcelo , Marinoni Lorena , Zuber Nicolas , Fornasero Laura Viviana , Pensiero José
Published: February 2025

Context The Gran Chaco is a livestock producing region of Argentina with several under-utilised legume forage genetic resources, including species from the genus Macroptilium. Aims We aimed to generate reliable characterisation and selection schemes in germplasm of Macroptilium for biological nitrogen fixation with native rhizobia, and evaluate the germplasm variability for initial growth and nodulation capacity with native soil of subtropical environment. Methods The trial evaluated 20 accessions of four Macroptilium species with or without added nitrogen. The variables were analysed through a nested ANOVA with the factor species, accessions nested within species, nitrogen level, and the corresponding interactions. Relationships between variables and accessions were examined using principal component analysis. Key results There was variability in the symbiotic response and initial growth, and most of the variance was explained by differences between species. Nodulation capacity was related with biological nitrogen fixation, since the accessions with higher nodule number and nodule weight showed higher initial growth and higher crude protein content in shoot. Conclusions We found variability for nodulation capacity associated with biological nitrogen fixation within the evaluated germplasm of Macroptilium. In relation to effectiveness, five of 20 accessions evaluated were classified as effective. Implications Our breeding approach could contribute to develop native legume forage cultivars with better symbiosis with native rhizobia, which would reduce implantation costs and reduce the use of chemical nitrogen fertilisers.
Studying the detailed work of play using conversation analysis
Authors: de Rijk Lynn E. M. , Cornips Leonie
Published: February 2025

This paper seeks to explore what happens when research methods predominantly reserved for the human animal are applied to study behavior of other animals. Specifically, we apply conversation analysis to investigate play fighting behavior of piglets in industrial-rearing conditions through three case studies. The analysis shows how play fighting is a mutually and continually (re-)established activity that relies on monitoring the other party’s continued willingness to engage. We show this orientation to continued willingness distinguishes the activity from more serious fighting. Maintaining mutual willingness is sequentially achieved through mutually constructed opening and closing sequences, floor yielding, and locally negotiating the rules for play. The head toss, a known play marker for pigs, was used flexibly by these piglets. These findings add to or reframe findings from behavioral studies of pig play. In conclusion, applying conversation analysis to pig interaction proves not only possible but fruitful as an additional approach to methods in the field of animal communication.
Explain with, rather than explain to
Authors: Fisher Josephine B. , Rohlfing Katharina J. , Donnellan Ed , Grimminger Angela , Gu Yan , Vigliocco Gabriella
Published: February 2025

Research about explanation processes is gaining relevance because of the increased popularity of artificial
systems required to explain their function or outcome. Following an interactive approach, not only explainers, but also explainees
contribute to successful interactions. However, little is known about how explainees actively guide explanation processes and how
their involvement relates to learning. We explored the occurrence and type of explainees’ questions in 20 adult — adult
explanation dialogues about unknown present and absent objects. Crucially, we related the question types to the explainees’
subsequent recall of the unknown object labels. We found that explainees asked different types of questions, especially about the
object’s label and facts. Questions about the object’s function were asked more when objects were present. In addition, requests
for labelling were linked to better recall. The results contribute to designing explainable AI that aims to provide relevant and
adaptive explanations and to further experimental approaches to study explanations.
Play bows by dogs in dog-human play
Authors: Mitchell Robert W.
Published: February 2025

Dog play bows are recognized as indicating play motivation in dog-dog play, but have never been examined in
dog-human play. Twenty-seven dogs and 26 humans engaged in interspecific interactions with familiar and unfamiliar cross-species
partners to play; videotapes of the resulting 50 play interactions were examined for play bows. Fifty play bows were detected,
enacted by 10 dogs playing with their owner, 6 of whom also enacted play bows with an unfamiliar player. Play bows occurred only
infrequently before or after pauses (or non-play activities) by the dog or the human, or before escape during play. Play bows
appeared to be integral to dogs’ play activities, usually when the dog was playing object-keepaway and
tug o’ war, or the dog was reacting to the human engaging in frustration games like
object-keepaway or fakeout. Play bows appear to be multi-purpose actions indicating play
motivation within dog-human play.
Cloning, expression, and bioinformatics analysis of odorant receptor genes in
Paratrioza sinica
Authors: Shuai Wei Zhong , Xia Wang Xin , Mei Qi Quan , Rong Li Qiu
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Paratrioza sinica
is one of the important pests on
Lycium barbarum
. Adults and nymphs suck in the juice of leaves and tender shoots, causing leaves to turn yellow, even tree death. It results in a decrease in the yield and quality of fruits. The odorant receptor’s receptors (ORs) genes of
Paratrioza sinica
were cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics methods in this study.

Method: Based on the previous transcriptome sequencing data of
Paratrioza sinica
, the transcript sequences of PsinOr50, PsinOr15, and PsinOrco were obtained. The CDS sequences of three odorant receptors (ORs) genes in
Paratrioza sinica
were cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) cloning technology. The expression levels of these three genes in adult insects of different ages were determined by qRT-PCR. Physical and chemical properties, characteristics of sequences, proteins structure, and evolutionary relationships of three genes and their encoded proteins were analyzed systematically.

Result: The CDS sequences of three ORs genes in
Paratrioza sinica
were obtained, and their accession numbers in the NCBI database were PP556383 (PsinOr15), PP556384 (PsinOr50), and PP556385 (PsinOrco). Three genes all achieved significantly higher expression levels within 1- to 3-day-old adults of
Paratrioza sinica
. PsinOr15 is a hydrophilic stable protein that does not contain signal peptides but has a transmembrane domain. It is subcellularly located in the nucleus. PsinOr50 belongs to hydrophobic unstable proteins, with signal peptides and transmembrane domain, and subcellular localization in the cytoplasm. PsinOrco is a hydrophobic stable protein which does not contain signal peptides but has a transmembrane domain. It is subcellularly located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The prediction of the second and tertiary protein structure shows that the proteins encoded by the three ORs genes are mainly alpha helices and random curls. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that they all contain four conserved amino acid sequence sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three ORs genes differentiated into three branches, consistent with the sequence comparison results.

Conclusion: The gene sequences and bioinformatic results of the PsinOr15, PsinOr50, and PsinOrco genes in
Paratrioza sinica
were obtained in this study. It provides a theoretical basis for studying the role of ORs genes and their encoded proteins in the feeding, mating, and egg laying processes of
Paratrioza sinica
.
The gauge theory of Weyl group and its interpretation as Weyl quadratic gravity
Authors: Condeescu Cezar , Micu Andrei
Published: February 2025

In this paper we give an extensive description of Weyl quadratic gravity as the gauge theory of the Weyl group. The previously discovered (vectorial) torsion/non-metricity equivalence is shown to be built-in as it corresponds to a redefinition of the generators of the Weyl group. We present a generalisation of the torsion/non-metricity duality which includes, aside from the vector, also a traceless 3-tensor with two antisymmetric indices and vanishing skew symmetric part. A discussion of this relation in the case of minimally coupled matter fields is given. We further point out that a Rarita–Schwinger field can couple minimally to all the components of torsion and some components of non-metricity. Alongside we present the same gauge construction for the Poincaré and conformal groups. We show that even though the Weyl group is a subgroup of the conformal group, the gauge theory of the latter is actually only a special case of Weyl quadratic gravity.
Solving the acousto-electric tomography by the adaptive Nesterov method of Kaczmarz type
Authors: Zhu Kai , Zhong Min
Published: February 2025

Acousto-electric tomography (AET) is a new hybrid imaging technique. It recovers the conductivity of biological tissue using the internal power density distribution and overcomes the shortcomings of classical electrical impedance tomography, where only the boundary measurement data are applied. In this manuscript, we consider the numerical realization of the AET model. Inspired by the work (Jin 2025 Inverse Problems
41 025005), we develop an adaptive Nesterov method of Kaczmarz type. The combination parameters are no longer chosen by line search, but through adaptive procedures with explicit formulas, which greatly improve the computational efficiency. Furthermore, uniformly convex regularization functionals are incorporated to reconstruct the conductivity with sparsity or discontinuity. The convergence property of the method is rigorously proven under reasonable conditions. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of our proposed method. We emphasize that the proposed method is also applicable for other nonlinear inverse problems with multiple operators.