bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HCV GENOTYPES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
Authors: Aftab Ahmad Khan  , Naghmi Asif  , Rizwan Uppal  , Gul E Rehan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: primary Hepatitis C is a serious public health problem and is the cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and numerous end-stage liver disease manifestations. The management of hepatitis C is to preclude liver cirrhosis, lessen the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma, and curing the extra hepatic diseases. Initially, interferon was the cornerstone for treating hepatitis C, but due to its cumbersome complications, route of administration, and limited treatment access, many patients showed noncompliance. New therapies for chronic hepatitis C have been introduced based on direct antiviral eﬀects. Several genotypes of hepatitis C have been discovered and they are responsive to diﬀerent antiviral therapies. Our objective was to assess the genotypic distribution of HCV in our local setup and their pattern of response to diﬀerent combination of anti-viral therapies by assessing the sustained viral response (SVR) after 12 weeks post-treatment. To determine the most prevalent genotype of hepatics C virus in our population and pattern of the response of multiple genotypes to diﬀerent antiviral regimens.

METHODOLOGY: It is a cross-sectional study conducted for duration of six months and recruited those patients whose polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was found positive for hepatitis C virus at Islamabad Diagnostic Center. We analyzed 100 patients, both children and adults. Patients were assessed for diﬀerent genotypes and then diﬀerent combinations of antiviral treatments were administered. Their clinical data, hematological parameters and viral load before and after treatment were also analyzed.

RESULTS: In a total of 100 positive hepatitis C virus-infected patients, 55% were females and 45% males. The frequencies of genotypes observed were 91 %, 06%, and 03% of genotype 3, 1a, and 1b respectively. 51 out of 91 patients with type 3 genotype, who were on antiviral therapy of sofosbuvir and ribavirin, all of them achieved SVR. 30 out of 91 patients with type 3 genotype were treated with sofosbuvir alone, the percentage of failure to achieve SVR in them was 6.7%. Treatment failure percentage of 10% was observed when a combination of Interferon (INF) alpha and ribavirin was used in type 3 genotype. Remaining six patients with type 1a and three patients of type 1b genotype achieved SVR with diﬀerent regimens used.

CONCLUSION: Although the increased load of HCV in our setup is an alarming situation the prevalence of type 3 genotype is a blessing in disguise. The success of sustained viral response after various combinations of direct antiviral therapy and interferon-free treatment is hope for the ultimate cure of the disease and avoidance of debilitating side eﬀects related to interferon.
Limits of proof in criminal proceedings
Authors: Marochkin Aleksei , Slyvnaya Viktoriya
Published: July 2020

Problem setting. Proving in criminal proceedings is evidence collection and research activity of special subjects of criminal proceedings. The specific purpose of prooving is to obtain knowledge that is close to reality. To achieve this purpose, the theory of criminal procedure operates with the concept of “limits of proof”. In view of the above, it is important to study this phenomenon, because, firstly, there is no legislative regulation, and secondly, there is no unity in the theory of criminal procedure on this issue.
Target research. The aim of the work is to define the concept of the limits of proof; to find out the moment of reaching the limits of proof and cases of narrowing and expanding the limits of proof; to analyze case law on this issue.
Analysis of recent research and publication. The question of determining the limits of proof, their relationship with the subject of prooving has been the subject of scientific research. In particular, the works of such researchers in the field of criminal procedure as A.R. Belkin, V.V. Vapnarchuk, G.F. Gorsky, Yu.M. Groshev, V.S. Zelenetsky, E.G. Kovalenko, L.D. Kokorev, R.V. Kostenko, R.D. Rakhunov, В.В. Rozhnov, V.G. Tanasovich, F.N. Fatkullin, A.A. Khmirov deserve attention.
Article’s main body. The article discusses the concept and significance of the limits of proof in criminal proceedings, analyzes the differences between them and other procedural categories, and analyzes doctrinal developments regarding the criteria for reaching boundaries and judicial practice in cases of expanding or narrowing the limits of proof.
Conclusions and prospect of development. Thus, the study allows us to state that the concept of the limits of proof in criminal proceedings is multifaceted and important because it aims to achieve fair trial. The limits of proof are individual for each specific criminal proceeding, and an important criterion for determining it is the standard of proof of guilt “beyond a reasonable doubt”. That is why the future study of this phenomenon in criminal proceedings becomes relevant due to the need to bring national criminal proceedings closer to European standards of justice.
Acceptance as a stage of conclusion of a civil legal agreement
Authors: Moroz Olha
Published: July 2020

Problem setting. In modern conditions of building the economy on a market basis, the development of entrepreneurship has led to a significant expansion of opportunities for participants in property turnover in the conclusion of various types of civil contracts. Concluding a contract is a rather complicated process. When concluding it, some questions arise related to the acceptance of the proposal to conclude a civil contract.
Target research. The aim of the article is a general study and analysis of acceptance as a stage of concluding a civil contract. To achieve this purpose it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to determine the characteristics of acceptance; 2) analyze the forms of acceptance; 3) to investigate the possibility of withdrawal by the acceptor of his answer on the acceptance of the proposal for the conclusion of a civil contract; 4) to investigate the legal consequences of the acceptance received late.
Analysis of recent research and publication. Contractual legal relations have been studied by civil scientists in various aspects. Research in this area was conducted by S.O. Borodovsky, M.I. Braginsky, V.V. Vitryansky, V.V. Denysiuk, О.О. Krasavchikov, В.В. Lutz and others. But the issue of acceptance as a stage of concluding a civil law contract is poorly covered, is quite relevant and needs further study.
Article’s main body. The article analyzes the acceptance as a stage of concluding a civil contract. Characteristic signs of acceptance are defined. It is indicated that the response to the acceptance of the proposal must indicate its acceptance, be complete and unconditional. Forms of acceptance are analyzed. The possibility of withdrawal by the acceptor of the answer on acceptance for the offer of the conclusion of the civil law contract is investigated. The legal consequences of late acceptance are investigated.
Conclusions and prospect of development. Thus, the study and analysis of acceptance as a stage of concluding a civil contract and its legal consolidation is of great scientific and practical importance, as the absence of certain provisions in the legislation hinders the possibility of proper protection of the rights of parties to a civil contract.
NOTES ON TWO SPECIES OF THE GENUS MICROCREAGRIS BALZAN, 1892 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Guo Xiangbo , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2020

Two Microcreagris species belonging to the family Neobisiidae are described from China: Microcreagris gigas Balzan, 1892 from Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province, and Microcreagris xikangensis sp. nov. from the Xikang-Tibet Plateau in Sichuan Province. Detailed diagnosis, descriptions and illustrations of the two species are presented.
ON THE TRUE IDENTITY OF SCOLOPENDRA AZTECORUM VERHOEFF, 1934 (CHILOPODA: SCOLOPENDROMORPHA: SCOLOPENDRIDAE)
Authors: Martínez-Muñoz Carlos A. , Dolejš Petr , Kronmüller Christian
Published: July 2020

The genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 currently comprises 13 valid species in Mexico. One of the species, Scolopendra aztecorum Verhoeff, 1934 has been considered a potential synonym of S. viridis Say, 1821, S. polymorpha Wood, 1861, or Arthrorhabdus pygmaeus (Pocock, 1895). To shed light on its true status, five of the six syntype specimens were examined, redescribed and illustrated for the first time. Scolopendra aztecorum is diagnosable from all other Mexican species and remains in the genus Scolopendra as a valid species.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ANATEMNUS BEIER, 1932 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: ATEMNIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Gao Zhizhong , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2020

A new pseudoscorpion species, Anatemnus reni sp. nov., belonging to the family Atemnidae Kishida, 1929, is reported from Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The detailed diagnosis, description and illustrations of important morphological characters are presented in this paper.
GREY NOMENCLATURE NEEDS RULES
Authors: Minelli Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Intentional departures from Linnaean nomenclature are common, and are due to different causes, including deliberate refusal to obey a specific rule of the Code, full rejection of Linnaean nomenclature in favour of an alternative system, use of formulae for special kinds of organisms and especially the use of informal names, or formulae, for kinds of organisms provisionally recognized as corresponding to still undescribed species, whose actual description and naming are reserved for a subsequent study. Special attention should be paid to the mixed usage of names and formulae in the BOLD and GenBank databases. Save for BINs in the BOLD databases, that are an excellent example of how to create and use non-Linnaean formulae for segments of biological diversity, the other kinds of grey nomenclature are seriously faulty in three respects: first, the lack of rules for the creation and usage of these names or formulae precludes unambiguous understanding of what the name or formula is for; second, it is often unclear, especially in database entries, if the alphanumeric specifiers added to a genus name, or even to a Linnaean binomen, are intended to provide unambiguous labelling of a single specimen, or of a taxon, or both; third, and most important, because of the subjectivity of the criteria according to which these non-Linnaean names are created and used, it is generally impossible to compare them across studies, or databases. When using names (or formulae) other than Linnaean binomens, it should be always made clear what the label is intended for. This requires an international agreement on a small set of simple, clear principles, fixing the standard format for each of the objects we need to distinguish, starting with the definition of a number of standard formats for the different kinds of objects (or hypotheses) we need to label, such as individual, species, undescribed new species.
NEW CORTODERA (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE) TAXA FROM TURKEY
Authors: Danilevsky Mikhail L.
Published: July 2020

Two taxa are described from Turkey: Cortodera pumila sarigolensis ssp. n. is described from Artvin province and C. amanusensis sp. n. is described from Hatay province.
‘ડૂમો’ નવલકથા માાં પરિવેશ
Authors: Joshi Pradeep
Published: July 2020

હરીશ વટાવવાળાની ‘ડૂમો’ (૨૦૦૩) નવલકથાનુું કથાવસ્તુઆત્મકથાત્મક છે. અહીં તેમણેતેમના
અંગત પ્રસગું ોનેકથાસ્વરૂપ આપીનેતેમના જીવનનાું કેટલાક રહસ્યોનુું ઉદધાટન કયુું છે. આ રહસ્યોને
પામવા તેમણેતેમની આજુબાજુ વવખરાયેલાું પાત્રોને‘એક પ ુંગતે’ એકઠાું કરી તેની વવવશષ્ટતાઓને તારવી
કથાબીજ ને ગવત આપી છે. નવલકથા ની ખાસ વવવશષ્ટતા તો એ છે કે એ પાત્રો જાણે કે ભાવકની
આજુબાજુના પરરપેક્ષ્યમાું જ વવહરતાું હોય ! એવી અનભુ વૂત થયા વગર રહતે ી નથી
Dermatological Disorder Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Gaikwad Ashlesha , Sonayallu Meghna , Tilekar Shivani , Deokar A.S.
Published: July 2020

Skin diseases are considered one of the biggest scientific troubles in 21st century because of its especially complex and luxurious prognosis with problems and subjectivity of human interpretation. In cases of deadly illnesses like Melanoma prognosis in early tiers play a critical part in determining the possibility of getting cured. The software of automated strategies will assist in early diagnosis specifically with photographs with variety of analysis. Hence, in this system we present a completely automated machine of skin sickness recognition via lesion images, a device intervention in evaluation to traditional clinical personnel based detection. This system is designed into 3 levels compromising of statistics series and augmentation, designing version and subsequently prediction of disease. This proposed system uses more than one AI algorithms like Convolutional Neural Network and naive Bayes classifier and amalgamated it with image processing tools to shape a higher shape, leading to better accuracy.
ESTIMATE THE ANNUAL SOIL LOSS IN KUMMATTIPATTI NADI WATERSHED USING RUSLE MODEL THROUGH GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Shaikh Suraj , Palanisamy Masilamani , Sheik Mohideen Abdul Rahaman
Published: July 2020

Soil erosion and soil loss is one of the common problems threatening the environment.
This degrading phenomenon declines the soil fertility and significantly affects the agricultural activity.
As a consequence, the productivity of soil is affected unquestionably. In this reason, there is a basic need
to take up conservation and management measures which can be applied to check further soil erosion. Even though,
soil erosion is a mass process spread cross the watershed, it is not economically viable to implement conservation
techniques to the entire watershed. However, a method is a pre-requisite to identify the most vulnerable areas
and quantify the soil erosion. In this study, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been accepted
to estimate soil erosion in the Kummattipatti Nadi watershed part of the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu,
India. This model has several parameters including runoff-rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodability
Factor (K), topographic factor (LS), cropping management factor (C), and support practice factor (P). All
these layers are prepared through geographical information system (GIS) by using various data sources and
data preparation methods. The results of the study shows that the annual average soil loss within the watershed
is about 6 t/ha/yr (metric ton per hectare per year). Higher soil erosion is observed in the land use classes
of gullied wasteland, open scrub forest and degraded plantation. The soil erosion risk is extremely higher
on the steep slopes and adjoining foothills. The proper conservation and management strategies has to be
implement in this watershed for the development.
Hard X-Ray Emission from an Activated Flux Rope and Subsequent Evolution of an Eruptive Long-duration Solar Flare
Authors: Sahu Suraj , joshi Bhuwan , Mitra Prabir K. , Veronig Astrid M. , Yurchyshyn V.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the evolutionary phases of a major M6.6 long duration event with special emphasize on its pre-flare phase. The event occurred in NOAA 12371 on 2015 June 22. A remarkable aspect of the event was an active pre-flare phase lasting for about an hour during which a hot EUV coronal channel was in the build-up stage and displayed cospatial hard X-ray (HXR) emission up to energies of 25 keV. This is the first evidence of the HXR coronal channel. The coronal magnetic field configuration based on nonlinear-force-free-field modeling clearly exhibited a magnetic flux rope (MFR) oriented along the polarity inversion line (PIL) and cospatial with the coronal channel. We observed significant changes in the AR’s photospheric magnetic field during an extended period of ≈42 hr in the form of rotation of sunspots, moving magnetic features, and flux cancellation along the PIL. Prior to the flare onset, the MFR underwent a slow rise phase (≈14 km s−1) for ≈12 minutes, which we attribute to the faster build-up and activation of the MFR by tether-cutting reconnection occurring at multiple locations along the MFR itself. The sudden transition in the kinematic evolution of the MFR from the phase of slow to fast rise (≈109 km s−1 with acceleration ≈110 m s−2) precisely divides the pre-flare and impulsive phase of the flare, which points toward the feedback process between the early dynamics of the eruption and the strength of the flare magnetic reconnection.
Gas and Dust Dynamics in Starlight-heated Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Flock Mario , Turner Neal J. , Nelson Richard P. , Lyra Wladimir , Manger Natascha , Klahr Hubert
Published: July 2020

Theoretical models of the ionization state in protoplanetary disks suggest the existence of large areas with low ionization and weak coupling between the gas and magnetic fields. In this regime hydrodynamical instabilities may become important. In this work we investigate the gas and dust structure and dynamics for a typical T Tauri system under the influence of the vertical shear instability (VSI). We use global 3D radiation hydrodynamics simulations covering all 360° of azimuth with embedded particles of 0.1 and 1 mm size, evolved for 400 orbits. Stellar irradiation heating is included with opacities for 0.1–10 μm sized dust. Saturated VSI turbulence produces a stress-to-pressure ratio of

. The value of α is lowest within 30 au of the star, where thermal relaxation is slower relative to the orbital period and approaches the rate below which VSI is cut off. The rise in α from 20 to 30 au causes a dip in the surface density near 35 au, leading to Rossby wave instability and the generation of a stationary, long-lived vortex spanning about 4 au in radius and 40 au in azimuth. Our results confirm previous findings that millimeter-sized grains are strongly vertically mixed by the VSI. The scale height aspect ratio for 1 mm grains is determined to be 0.037, much higher than the value H/r = 0.007 obtained from millimeter-wave observations of the HL Tau system. The measured aspect ratio is better fit by nonideal MHD models. In our VSI turbulence model, the millimeter grains drift radially inwards and many are trapped and concentrated inside the vortex. The turbulence induces a velocity dispersion of ∼12 m s−1 for the millimeter grains, indicating that grain–grain collisions could lead to fragmentation.
Evidence for a Rotational Component in the Circumgalactic Medium of Nearby Galaxies*
Authors: French David M. , Wakker Bart P.
Published: July 2020

We present results of a study comparing the relative velocity of Lyα absorbers to the rotation velocity of nearby galaxy disks in the local universe (z ≤ 0.03). We have obtained rotation curves via long-slit spectroscopy of eight galaxies with the Southern African Large Telescope, and combine this data set with an additional 16 galaxies with data from the literature. Each galaxy appears within 3R
vir of a QSO sightline with archival Cosmic Origin Spectrograph spectra. We study the velocity orientation of absorbers with respect to nearby galaxy’s rotation, and compare with results from both the Steidel et al. monolithic halo model and a new cylindrical Navarro–Frenk–White galaxy halo model to interpret these data in the context of probing 3D galaxy halos via 1D QSO absorption-line spectroscopy. Relative to these models, we find that up to 59% ± 5% of Lyα absorbers have velocities consistent with corotation. We find the Lyα corotation fraction to decrease with galaxy luminosity (L*) and impact parameter in a model-independent fashion. We report that both anti-rotating absorbers and those found near luminous galaxies (L ≳ 0.5L*) mostly have low Doppler b-parameters (b ≲ 50 km s−1). Absorbers consistent with corotation show a wide range of Doppler b-parameters. Finally, we find a strong anticorrelation between corotation fraction and galaxy inclination, which is at odds with recent metal-line kinematic studies and suggests the kinematic and geometric distribution of the circumgalactic medium is complex and multiphase.
Inclination Dependence of Kilonova Light Curves from Globally Aspherical Geometries
Authors: Darbha Siva , Kasen Daniel
Published: July 2020

The merger of two neutron stars (NSs) or an NS and a black hole (BH) produces a radioactively powered transient known as a kilonova, first observed accompanying the gravitational wave event GW170817. While kilonovae are frequently modeled in spherical symmetry, the dynamical ejecta and disk outflows can be considerably asymmetric. We use Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations to study the light curves of kilonovae with globally axisymmetric geometries (e.g., an ellipsoid and a torus). We find that the variation in luminosity in these models is most pronounced at early times and decreases until the light curves become isotropic in the late optically thin phase. The light-curve shape and peak time are not significantly modified by the global asymmetry. We show that the projected surface area along the line of sight captures the primary geometric effects, and we use this fact to provide a simple analytic estimate of the direction-dependent light curves of the aspherical ejecta. For the kilonova accompanying GW170817, accounting for asymmetry with an oblate (prolate) ellipsoid of axial ratio 2 (1/2) leads to an ∼40% decrease (increase) in the inferred ejecta mass compared to the spherical case. The pole-to-equator orientation effects are expected to be significantly larger (a factor of ∼5–10) for the more extreme asymmetries expected for some NS–BH mergers.
Stratification Dynamics of Titan’s Lakes via Methane Evaporation
Authors: Steckloff Jordan K. , Soderblom Jason M. , Farnsworth Kendra K. , Chevrier Vincent F. , Hanley Jennifer , Soto Alejandro , Groven Jessica J. , Grundy William M. , Pearce Logan A. , Tegler Stephen C. , Engle Anna
Published: July 2020

Saturn’s moon Titan is the only extraterrestrial body known to host stable lakes and a hydrological cycle. Titan’s lakes predominantly contain liquid methane, ethane, and nitrogen, with methane evaporation driving its hydrological cycle. Molecular interactions between these three species lead to nonideal behavior that causes Titan’s lakes to behave differently than Earth’s lakes. Here, we numerically investigate how methane evaporation and nonideal interactions affect the physical properties, structure, dynamics, and evolution of shallow lakes on Titan. We find that, under certain temperature regimes, methane-rich mixtures are denser than relatively ethane-rich mixtures. This allows methane evaporation to stratify Titan’s lakes into ethane-rich upper layers and methane-rich lower layers, separated by a strong compositional gradient. At temperatures above 86 K, lakes remain well mixed and unstratified. Between 84 and 86 K, lakes can stratify episodically. Below 84 K, lakes permanently stratify and develop very methane-depleted epilimnia. Despite small seasonal and diurnal deviations (<5 K) from typical surface temperatures, Titan’s rain-filled ephemeral lakes and “phantom lakes” may nevertheless experience significantly larger temperature fluctuations, resulting in polymictic or even meromictic stratification, which may trigger ethane ice precipitation.
The chemical composition of Lessonia berteroana (ex L. nigrescens) in kelp harvest management and open access areas near Coquimbo, Chile
Authors: Vega J.M. Alonso , Toledo Pedro H.
Published: July 2020

Lessonia berteroana (ex L. nigrescens) is kelp freely harvested from Open Access Areas (OAA), and to some extent controlled, from Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR). Harvesting pressures can change population dynamics, mainly in OAAs. In particular, harvesting may alter the chemical components of plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the harvesting effects on the chemical composition of L. berteroana from MEABR and OAA sampled during different seasons (spring and fall) and at two sites (Talquilla and Lagunillas) near Coquimbo (30°S), Chile. The crude protein (13.5 ± 1.0%), total lipids (0.9 ± 0.2%), crude fiber (16.3 ± 1.6%), ash (30.1 ± 1.5%), and nitrogen-free extract (39.2 ± 2.0%) contents of L. berteroana were within reference values for Laminariales species. Population descriptors and chemical analyses showed that harvesting had local effects, rather than being affected by a resource management strategy (OAA vs MEABR). The seasonal anticipator nature of L. berteroana may explain the detected seasonality of it's chemical composition. Regarding functional morphological structures, chemical composition in the fronds was more variable than in the stipes and perennial holdfast, probably since leaves are ephemeral structures susceptible to environmental changes and that play a functional, rather than structural, role in kelp. In the context of Chilean kelp resource management, monitoring chemical composition is useful for determining optimal harvesting periods to local scale and for deciding when commercially valuable compounds, such as alginate, should be extracted. These data also complement harvesting pressure indicators based on L. berteroana demographic parameters.
Corrigendum: Bien S, Damm U (2020) Arboricolonus simplex gen. et sp. nov. and novelties in Cadophora, Minutiella and Proliferodiscus from Prunus wood in Germany. MycoKeys 63: 163–172. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.63.46836
Authors: Bien Steffen , Damm Ulrike
Published: July 2020

In the original article the herbarium code of the Senckenberg Mu­seum of Natural History Görlitz, Germany, was wrongly cited as GLMC. The correct herbarium code of the institution is GLM.

We combined Margarinomyces bubakii in the genus Cadophora. This was not compliant with the International Code of Nomen­clature for algae, fungi, and plants article F.5.1 (Turland et al. 2018), because a registration identifier was lacking, which is compulsory since 1 January 2013. The combination is now validated by providing the MycoBank number below.
Some important physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of the main apricot cultivars from Turkey
Authors: KARATAŞ Neva , ŞENGÜL Memnune
Published: July 2020

Turkey is one of the world’s leading producers in both in fresh and dried apricots, and Malatya Province is the capital for apricots. In the present study, the fruit of 13 apricot cultivars (Adilcevaz, Alkaya, Aprikoz, Çataloğlu, Hacıhaliloğlu, Hasanbey, İsmailağa, Kabaaşı, Mahmuduneriği, Soğancı, Şam, Şekerpare, and Tokaloğlu-Erzincan), grown together at the Apricot Research Institute in Malatya Province, were harvested and evaluated for some important physicochemical and bioactive characteristics. The results showed statistically significant differences in most of the physicochemical and bioactive characteristics. Fresh apricot fruit peel color values, L,a, and b, were determined as between 48.66 and 64.70, 8.12and 22.82, and 16.50and 38.67, respectively. The fruit, the dry matter (DM), pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar, sucrose, total sugar, total phenolic content, lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C contents were between 13.05% and 23.12%, 3.68 and 5.04, 0.22% and 1.40%, 2.02 and 5.40 g/100 g, 1.83 and 3.97 g/100g, 4.96 and 8.04 g/100 g, 24.60 and 50.69 mg GAE/mg fresh weight, 3.84 and 17.89 mg/100g, 19.59 and 40.53 mg/100g, 0.13 and 0.67 μg/g, 15.67 and 22.12 μg/g, and 1.41 and 8.16 μg/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using 3 different methods, β-carotene bleaching, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH). The antioxidant capacity varied according to the methods used. The results showed that apricot fruit had high antioxidant activity and varied according to methods used, and was rich in carotenoids and phenolic substances, which have positive effects on human health and can be consumed as a functional food.
Peri-implant Fractures Following Hook Plate Fixation for Unstable Distal Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Ni Pei-Lun , Lin Kai-Cheng , Chen Chun-Yu , Tarng Yih-Wen , Chang Wei-Ning , Renn Jenn-Huei
Published: July 2020

Clavicle hook plate is a common implant for treating distal clavicle fracture. Although high bone union rate and good functional outcome have been reported, so have several complications, such as osteolysis and fracture of the acromion, loss reduction, hook impingement, and rotator cuff tear. Peri-implant fracture over the medial side of the hook plate is a rare complication. Sporadic cases have been reported, and most of them have had no history of trauma. Between June 2015 and August 2018, 7 patients treated for distal clavicle fracture with a 3.5-mm locking compression hook plate with no history of trauma experienced peri-implant fracture of the medial clavicle. This complication occurred at a mean of 29 days. The incidence rate was 9.8%. Peri-implant fracture following hook plate fixation for distal clavicle fracture was not rare. Small hook angle, prolonged retention of the implant, an eccentric medial screw, high plate screw density, and small clavicle diameter may be risk factors for peri-implant fracture. Regarding treatment, 2 patients chose fracture revision with a distal clavicle locking plate and 5 patients chose conservative treatment. All patients achieved bone union at fracture sites. Surgical and conservative management of peri-implant fracture can achieve good functional outcome. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(5);e359–e363.]
Unmet Patient Expectations for Interventions Decrease Provider Satisfaction Scores
Authors: Brancazio Sophia , Eskildsen Scott M. , Abimbola Funbi , Olcott Christopher W. , Kamath Ganesh V. , Del Gaizo Daniel J.
Published: July 2020

As health care reimbursement evolves, physicians will continue to be evaluated based on the quality of care that they provide. One measure of quality is based on patient satisfaction as reported through the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey (CAHPS). Although previous studies have explored expectations and their role in patient satisfaction, no studies have investigated the role of patient expectations for interventions in surgical specialty clinics. Patients (N=126) were given 2 surveys, a pre-visit and a post-visit questionnaire, with options based on the CAHPS survey. Patients were asked to select common orthopedic services that they expected to receive from their appointments, rate their physicians on Likert scales, and report the services that were actually provided. Patients who left with unmet expectations for interventions (45%) rated their physicians lower than patients who had all of their expectations met (9.0±1.4 vs 9.5± 0.8;
P
<.05). For most individual interventions, there was no difference in satisfaction between patients with met and unmet expectations. However, patients who expected surgery and did not have their expectations met rated their physician lower than patients whose expectations for surgery were met (9.0±1.3 vs 9.7±0.6;
P
<.05). No statistically significant difference was found in physician rating with increased numbers of unmet expectations, individual surgeon rating, perceptions of their providers, and wait time. This study reports that patient expectations for interventions, and particularly a recommendation for surgery, may alter a patient's reported satisfaction, particularly when surgical expectations are unmet. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(5):e378–e382.]
A Technique for Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Secondary to Extensive Subfoveal Scarring
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Blinder Kevin J , Paris Christopher L , Alturki Walid , Nelson Norman C , Desai Uday
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

We describe the surgical excision of submacular scar in end-stage age-related macular degeneration and transplantation of autologous and homologous retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The technique involves the preparation of a large retinal flap encompassing the macula and the arcades, removal of the submacular scar, and replacement of the RPE cells, using either an autologous pedido graft or homologous RPE cells and Bruch's membrane. Fourteen months following the procedure, visual acuity in a patient with a pedicle graft had improved from counts fingers to 20/400 and the patient fixated over the transplanted RPE cells. After 10 months, a homologous graft in a second patient had become encapsulated with a fine subretinal membrane without neovascular tissue; visual acuity had not improved. No intraoperative or postoperative complications resulting from the surgery occurred in either patient.
USE OF CORK SHEETS FOR ROOM ACOUSTIC CORRECTION
Authors: Iannace Gino , Ciaburro Giuseppe , Guerriero Luigi , Trematerra Amelia
Published: July 2020

Cork is a sustainable material and at the end of its useful life it can be disposed of into the environment without causing damage. This paper analyzes an acoustic correction system made of cork sheets mounted at an opportune distance from the walls inside a room. The cork sheets have a thickness equal to 1.5 mm. The sound absorption coefficients of the cork sheets were initially evaluated by mounting samples inside an impedance tube, then creating a back cavity at a suitable distance from a rigid wall. The distances considered were: 3, 5, 10 and 15 cm. A room used as an office with a volume of about 90 m3 and plastered walls was considered as a case-study. In this type of environment, suitable acoustic comfort conditions are required. The acoustic characteristics were analyzed through a virtual model with an architectural acoustics software in an empty room and then with the introduction of sound-absorbing cork sheets. Measurements of the acoustic characteristics of the empty room were taken and subsequently with the walls lined with cork panels mounted at a distance of 3.0 cm from the rigid rear wall. A configuration was analyzed, in line with what was carried out in the numerical model, covering a surface of 5m2 of the room. The results of the numerical simulations as well as the experimental measurements are discussed.
Oil Prices and Economic Growth in Major Emerging Economies
Authors: Cevik Emrah I , Dibooglu Sel , Kantarci Tugba , Caliskan Hande
Published: July 2020

There is a strong correlation between energy prices and economic activity. The relationship particularly holds true for crude oil as changes in oil prices are associated with changes in production costs, and economic activity also generates significant demand for energy and crude oil. This chapter examines the relationship between economic activity and crude oil prices using causality tests in the frequency domain and taking into account the difference between positive and negative changes in both oil prices and economic activity as the relationship can be asymmetric. The authors present empirical results for major emerging economies including Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey. Empirical results indicate that for most countries there is bidirectional causality between crude oil prices and economic activity whereas only negative oil price shocks seem to negatively affect economic activity.
Tourism Happiness Index
Authors: Pandit Abhijit
Published: July 2020

Research on the happiness of tourists is becoming popular recently. The study thrives to start this work and develop a scale to measure tourism happiness in Eastern India. Two studies need to be conducted, following a cross validation approach. The first study is qualitative using content analyses, aiming to identify the factors and variables considered essential for making tourists happy. The sample in study 1 consists of 300 tourists of Eastern India selected by stratified random sampling method. Based on the content analyses, a questionnaire will be developed. Study 2 aims to initiate the scale validation. The questionnaire developed in study 1 will be answered by a second sample of 400 tourists visiting Eastern India. The exploratory analysis will identify some first order factors. The next step is to proceed with confirmatory factor analysis to validate the model and propose a final scale. A structural equation modelling approach is used with the help of current versions of SPSS and AMOS packages.
The Eco-Touristic Attraction for the Brand Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Cervantes-Guzman Jovanna Nathalie , Guerra Elba Lizbeth García
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of this research is to show if the Barranca del Rio Santiago is a tourist attraction and ecotourism to be included in the Guadalajara brand, focused on national tourism. In the research, only the national indicators of the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara were taken in reference to motivation, what they like most, means by which they arrive at the destination, etc. SECTUR establishes in the latest competitiveness agenda of tourist destinations in Mexico that Guadalajara has a large number of natural destinations, including the Barranca del Río Santiago. This destination has a high ecological, recreational, and landscaping value, which is very little known by the local population, and consequently, it can become a new product for the ecotourism sector.
Importance of Brain Reward System in Neuromarketing
Authors: Uzbay Tayfun
Published: July 2020

Neuromarketing is a relatively new concept. It is simply focused on the relationship between consumer behavior and the brain. For this purpose, it analyzes various customer behaviors towards the product and purchase by using various brain imaging techniques and behavioral methodology. Some limbic structures of brain such as ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus acumbens (NAc), and amygdala have a link to prefrontal cortex (PFC) by dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway. This functional link is called brain reward system (BRS). BRS has a crucial role in the decision-making process of humans during shopping as well as addiction processes of brain. Studies investigating BRS in neuromarketing are very limited. In the chapter, working principles of BRS in neuromarketing and association with human shopping behaviors and shopping addiction/dependence has been investigated and discussed.
Neuromarketing Trends and Opportunities for Companies
Authors: Bhandari Arabinda
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of this chapter is to concisely describe the origin of neuromarketing, its applications in the organization, and to explore consumer behavior with the help of different neuromarketing technologies like fMRI, EEG, and MEG. This chapter gives a guideline on how neuromarketing would be used in different areas of organization functions, like, brand management, advertisement, communication, product design, decision making, etc. with the help of data mining, artificial intelligence, social media, machine learning, remote sensing, AR, and VR. The chapter identifies the opportunities of neuromarketing with the latest technological development to understand the customer mindset so that it would be easy to formulate neurostrategy for an organization. This chapter gives a future research direction with strategic management, so that it will be helpful for a professional to create a more accurate strategy in a VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) environment, predict, and fulfill the “institution void” situation with more accuracy in an emerging developing market.
Together We S.O.A.R.
Authors: Simpson Teresa E. , Simpson Jr. Artha L. , Bryant Jordan J.
Published: July 2020

Ogbu reflects on the experiences of underrepresented populations in higher education by highlighting the process of cultural inversion. This process rejects assimilation opportunities to develop academically and occupationally due to historical social bias. Without the support of faculty, students from underrepresented groups are often left barren without the proper social and academic skills to contribute to society effectively. Many scholars have stressed the importance of underrepresented student leadership. Within this process, underrepresented students are allowed integration into the culture of higher education and can be properly trained for the task of working towards being a part of the global workforce.
Examining the Relationships and Differences of Early College High School Models
Authors: Hagelgans Briana
Published: July 2020

This study examined the impact of the early college model on first-year academic performance. The researcher surveyed students from a small-sized university who graduated high school between 2015-2018, lived off-campus, and were over the age of 18. The study found a moderate positive relationship, which was significant, between academic performance at the end of the early college program and students' academic performance at the end of the first year in college. However, the study did not find a significant difference in academic performance among the different early college models and did not find a significant difference between the academic performance of students who graduated from an early college program and those who did not. The results led the researcher to recommend further research that explore the difference between the different models of early college.
Ten Schools in Six States
Authors: Smith Shanna Elaine , Varga Matt D. , Lambert Jay
Published: July 2020

Despite an increase of access for Students of Color in higher education in the United States over the past 20 years, institutions continue to fail Black student populations as evidenced by sustained low graduation rates. This chapter examines ten institutions recognized by Harper and Simmons as being among the institutions that graduate a higher percentage of Black students when compared to their majority counterparts. Additional data were gathered via institutional websites, public reports, and interviews with administrators at various campuses. Graduation rates for Black students, institutional type, student affairs and academic programs, and campus-wide initiatives are discussed within each institution. An institutional understanding of barriers to graduating Students of Color was a key factor in Black student success, followed by responding to those barriers through institutional collaboration and programming, and an institutional appreciation of diversity, equity, and inclusion were also found to be common practices among each of these highlighted institutions.
Education Abroad Co-Curricular Experiences That Result in Intercultural Responsive Leadership Growth
Authors: Simpson Teresa E. , Grimes Lee H.
Published: July 2020

Simpson supported that The American Association of Colleges and Universities (AACU) and their joint effort with the American Council on Education and the federal government have found that study abroad has a huge impact on a students' development as globally diversity-minded citizens. Study abroad improves many intellectual attitudes and skills. Collaboration between co-curricular involvements, diverse experiences, integrated learning experiences, intent study abroad, the first-year experience, and others are critical strategic initiatives that impact students' development and their global awareness.
Leveraging Institutional Articulation Agreements to Support Collegiate Pathways for Black Males
Authors: Wallace Jerry L. , Falla Jessica Thompson
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the importance of how articulation agreements between collaborating institutions influence departmental curriculum, retention strategies to support marginalized groups, and how they can be a mechanism to disrupt institutional racism in an effort to support Black male academic persistence. Partnerships among institutions can help foster strategic alignment for overall student success and impact marginalized groups. Chickering and Reiser argued that seven key factors related to environmental influences exercise dominant stimuli on student development. The key factors explored in this chapter are institutional objectives, student-faculty relationships, curriculum, teaching, friendships and student communities, student development programs and services, and integration of work and learning. Williams and Wood referenced that persistence research should not focus completely on the student's involvement within the institution, but also on the institution's role in assisting student outcomes, namely Black male students of color.
Maximizing the Social Dynamics, Work Processes, and Target Outcomes of Learning Groups Online
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: July 2020

In formal learning in higher education, online learning groups are used to help learners attain various learning objectives in a learning domain and outside that domain. Social learning is set up to benefit the following: enhanced distributed collaboration, intercommunications, co-exploration, co-inquiry, co-design, diverse thinking, critical thinking, and other capabilities. Through a review of the literature and analysis of years of learning management system (LMS) data, this work offers some early observations of potential variables for study (studied individually or in concert) to better understand how to maximize learning groups online (the social dynamics, work processes, and target outcomes), as part of a pre-“research design” exploration. Ultimately, different levers in the design and support of online learning groups are seen to affect their efficacy in various online learning contexts.
My Life, My Story
Authors: Nathan Susan , Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Topor David R.
Published: July 2020

Contemporary healthcare institutions strive to provide humanistic and patient-centered healthcare. To reach this goal, healthcare systems must first look to the patient as a person, before treating a specific malady or pathology. This chapter will illustrate a humanistic approach to the provision of healthcare using the case of the My Life, My Story program in the United States Veterans Health Administration. My Life, My Story is a patient-centered, life story work intervention where learners complete a life story interview with a veteran using standardized prompts from the My Life, My Story protocol. This chapter will describe the My Life My Story program at the VA Boston Healthcare System, the steps and rationale in program development and discussion of impact on the learners, the patients, and humanizing the healthcare system.
Virtual Reality Stereoscopic 180-Degree Video-Based Immersive Environments
Authors: Ros Maxime , Weaver Lorraine , Neuwirth Lorenz S.
Published: July 2020

The theoretical and practical applications of immersive VR, although relatively new, have accomplished much in the area of pedagogical learner applications. This chapter describes the conceptual framework and Revinax® 180-degree stereoscopic video-based approach in addressing the academic achievement gap through conventional surgical students and nurses shadowing and how immersive VR environments may best address leveraging the learner's capability of increasing their skill acquisition, learning, and knowledge retention in a more efficient time-period, circumventing the inherent issues with conventional shadowing. Further, these VR experiences through first-person Point of View (POV), although simulated and artificial, evoke mirror neurons, and can recruit neurocircuitry that are imperative for skill acquisition and later skill application. As such, the Revinax® instructional design model may provide a unique insight in how to use immersive VR environments to teach any learner that seeks to acquire surgical/medical professional training more efficiently and practically in a modern world of technology.
Performance Improvement in Healthcare
Authors: Freeman Candice , Stefaniak Jill Erin
Published: July 2020

Healthcare leadership and department management personnel are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring safe, high-quality patient care delivered by competent and proficient staff. This responsibility often comes in the form of identification of discrepant and erroneous practices that result in subsequent employee disciplinary action process improvement discussions and implementation. This case study presents an example of a sentinel event and how Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model (BEM) was utilized in the context of a Just Culture to ensure both processes and personnel were adequately supported to meet expected task outcomes.