bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO SHOOT REGENERATION OF SWALLOW ROOT (DECALEPIS HAMILTONII) – A STENO-ENDEMIC RED LISTED MEDICINAL PLANT
Authors: Ranganatha Manjula , AS Annapurna , Sharma Ashwani , N Rao Nagashree
Published: May 2020

Objective: In vitro shoot regeneration of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn. is an endangered endemic medicinal plant using biotechnological interventions and to conserve this threatened species.

Methods: In the present study, various explants such as shoot tip, leaf, and nodal segments were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog media augmented with different hormonal regimes of auxin and cytokinin combinations, namely, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), benzyl adenine (BAP), 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), and triacontanol (TRIA).

Results: Direct regeneration of shoots obtained in 3.0 mg/l 2iP alone and in combination with 0.1 mg/l IAA and/or 1.0 mg/l BAP exhibited the best response with average shootlet length being 6.5±0.17–8.0±0.92 cm, respectively, and percentage response was between 68% and 75%. The callus induced regeneration was obtained from both nodal and leaf explants with maximum response (85%) observed in combination of (2.0 mg/l) 2iP, (1.0 mg/l) IAA and (2.0 mg/l) kinetin with multiple shoots showing mean shoot number of 1.83 and average shootlet length of 6.3±0.19 cm.

Conclusions: The current research provides a competent in vitro propagation method for Decalepis which could be commercialized for developing identical plants with good mass multiplication rate and for better conservation of the germplasm.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED ANALYSIS OF ELAEAGNUS CONFERTA ROXB. LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: LALITHA G  , TH NAZEEMA
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out the antioxidant potential of Elaeagnus conferta (EC) Roxb. leaves that were worked on various assay 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation decolorization, total reducing power was studied by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) method. The spectroscopic technique Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer was performed to detect the characteristic peak values and their functional groups of EC Roxb.

Methods: Ethanol solvent is used ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, TRAP, and FTIR analysis.

Results: ABTS assay, IC50 value was found to be 60 μg/ml compared with standard ascorbic acid 64 μg/ml. DPPH IC50 value of EC Roxb. compared with standard ascorbic acid was found to be 0.43 μg/ml and 0.62 μg/ml. FRAP IC50 value along with standard ascorbic acid was found to be 0.582 μg/ml and 0.596 μg/ml. The IC50 value of TRAP along with standard ascorbic acid was found to be 0.39 μg/ml and 0.62 μg/ml. In FTIR spectroscopic study, it revealed different characteristic peak values with various functional compounds such as phenols, alcohols, amide, alkanes, carboxylic acids, alkenes, primary amines, aromatics, ester, alkyl halides, and aliphatic amines compounds.

Conclusion: EC Roxb. leaves have a potent rich source of antioxidant. In FTIR analysis, it is confirmed with the presence of phenolic compounds that can be emphasized for efficacy in pharmaceutics.
EVALUATION OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN-6 AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH DENGUE FEVER – A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Authors: DUBBAL ROHIN , BS SRIRAM
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) during the course of 3rd and 5th days of dengue infection.

Methods: The prospective cohort study was taken up involving 50 adults diagnosed with dengue fever and admitted to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute from December 2015 to November 2016. Detailed history has been taken and clinical examination was carried out. Venous blood sample was collected and serum separated out for estimation of IL-6 and TNF-α levels using ELISA.

Results: It has been observed that the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α raised during 3rd day of infection and there is decrease in levels of IL-6 and no changes have been observed in TNF-α levels during 5th day.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the IL-6 and TNF-α plays a key role in understanding pathogenesis of severity of dengue infection, TNF-α being more sensitive in reaction to pathogen
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RAPID STABILITY-INDICATING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LINAGLIPTIN AND EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: EL SHEIKH RAGAA , S HASSAN WAFAA , YOUSSEF EMANH , Y HAMDI ABDULRAHMAN , AHMED BADAHDAH NAIF , ESA ALZUHIRI MUNEER , ELFETOUH GOUDA AYMAN ABOU
Published: May 2020

Objective: A new, simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of linagliptin (LNG) and empagliflozin (EMP) in pure and tablet dosage forms.

Methods: An isocratic HPLC method, using a C18 reversed-phase column (150 mm×4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 μm) with an isocratic binary mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v), was investigated to separate the drug from its stress degradation products. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature and photodiode array detector is used at 226 nm for detection. The developed method was validated for system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantitation, specificity, stability, and robustness.

Results: The retention time of LNG and EMP was found to be 3.276±0.002 and 6.966±0.0006 min, respectively. The calibration curve was found to be linear with the equation y=158926.39X+11.139, with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9991 for LNG and y=22688.45X+4.259, with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9994 for EMP over a concentration range of 2.5–7.5 μg/mL and 5.0–15 μg/mL for LNG and EMP, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.29 and 0.48 μg/mL for LNG and EMP, respectively, and the limits of quantification were 0.89 and 1.5 μg/mL for LNG and EMP, respectively. The recovery values of this method are 101.11% and 101.48% for LNG and EMP, respectively, and the reproducibility is within 0.070 and 0.277 for LNG and EMP, respectively.

Conclusion: The proposed method is a rapid stability-indicating HPLC method that can be applied for the determination of LNG and EMP in pure and tablet dosage forms.
CORRELATION OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND PROLACTIN LEVELS IN NON-PREGNANT FEMALE
Authors: Sinha Sulekha , HEGDE ANUPAMA , A MANJREKAR POORNIMA , MS RUKMINI
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to correlate prolactin (PRL) levels with different levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Methods: The study included 221 non-pregnant females of the age group of 16–43 years. TSH and PRL were assayed. Subjects were divided into three groups based on TSH levels, namely, low, normal, and high TSH levels and results compared.
Statistical analysis: The comparison between different groups was done using test ANOVA. Correlation between TSH and PRL was established using Pearson’s correlation test.
Results: Five subjects in Group-1 with low TSH values (mean 0.096±0.08 μIU/ml) had PRL 9.8±6.25 ng/dl, 186 subjects in Group-2 with normal TSH values (mean 1.98±0.94 μIU/ml) had PRL 16.58±8.78 ng/dl, and in Group-3 with high TSH values (mean 6.45±3.91 μIU/ml) had PRL 26.53±15.98 ng/dl. p value for TSH is <0.001 (significant) and for PRL also is <0.001 (significant). Positive correlation has been found in overall 221 subjects between TSH and PRL with correlation coefficient r=0.239 and p=0.01 (significant).
Conclusion: PRL levels were higher in group with high TSH values. In most previous studies (subjects with established subclinical or overt hypothyroid), PRL was found higher with higher TSH levels. This study showed strong positive association between TSH and PRL irrespective of the thyroid status.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF RHIZOME OF ZINGIBEROFFICINALE
Authors: Das Juri , Saha Dipankar
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of this study to investigate the Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Muscle relaxant activity of ethanolic extract of Zingiberofficinale (EEZO) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae using Swiss albino mice in comparison with that of standard drug (Lorazepam).Methods: The phytochemical screening of the EEZO was done as per the standard methods. Then the extract was evaluated for its muscle relaxant activity compared with Control which is Normal saline (0.9% NaCl solution) at a dose of 10 ml/kg and standard drug Lorazepam at a dose of 10 mg/kg p. o by using Rota-rod apparatus. Twenty mice were taken of either sex and are divided into four groups and each group contains five animals. The first group was considered as control, the second group considered as standard and the third and fourth group received extracts (EEZO) at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg p. o respectively. All the preparations were administered orally.Results: The Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Ethanolic plant extract of Zingiberofficinale showed the presence of alkaloids, Carbohydrates, phlobotannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannin and terpenoids and absence of steroids. The two doses of EEZO i.e. 100 mg/kg (7.8Â±0.421 sec) and 200 mg/kg (3.07Â±0.385) significantly reduced the fall of time in the Rota-rod apparatus as compared to control (48.67Â±1.112) with p value<0.0001. The result is quite satisfying when compared with the standard drug i.e. 10 mg/kg p. o. (6.2Â±0.331).Conclusion: The result of the given study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale is having Dose Dependent Muscle Relaxant activity.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CORCHORUS OLITORIUS
Authors: Sadat Abdul , Hore Mayukh , Chakraborty Kaushik , Roy Subhrajyoti
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro preliminary phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Corchorus olitorius L. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity method.Methods: Fresh jute leaves (immature, mature and senescence) were collected, air dried and the crude powder was prepared for phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. The powder was mixed with 70% methanol and the supernatant was separated. The antioxidant activity of this methanolic extract was measured on the basis of the scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical with slight modifications. Phytochemical analysis was performed according to standard laboratory protocol.Results: The results indicated the presence of different phytochemicals viz. glycosides, steroids, cholesterol, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, riboflavin, saponins and terpenoids. The sample also showed antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH radical. The significant antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract of might be due to the presence of saponins, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids found in the preliminary phytochemical analysis.Conclusion: Present study reveals that the jute leaf possesses different phytonutrients and exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity, and therefore, may be used for therapeutic purposes.
STANDARDIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF BOUGAINVILLEA GLABRA
Authors: Krishna Rakam Gopi , S. Raja
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the current study was to identify, authenticate and prevent the adulteration of the plant Bougainvillea glabra. The following physicochemical parameters such as standardization, extraction and preliminary phytochemical screening helped in correct identification of the plant Bougainvillea glabra.Methods: Standardization includes the estimation of physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying, determination of pH range, determination of total ash, determination of water soluble ash, determination of acid insoluble ash, determination of sulfated ash and determination of hot water and ethanol-extractable matter. Preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC studies for all the extracts like chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were carried out by standard methods.Results: Results of loss on drying and the total ash value were found to be 8.1+0.24 and 6.26Â±0.05 respectively. The result for water soluble ash was found to be 1.34+0.04. The results for acid insoluble ash and sulfated ash were found to be 1.35Â±0.03 and 1.10Â±0.07, respectively. The values for water soluble and ethanol soluble extractive parameters were found to be 23.45Â±1.13 and 12.32Â±0.41 respectively Preliminary phytochemical screening for all the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, -glycosides and steroids in Bougainvillea glabra. Major constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides were present in methanol extract. Alkaloids and flavonoids were also found in chloroform extract. The thin layer chromatography analysis of Bougainvillea glabra chloroform extract showed the presence of steroids with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.34 in benzene: ethyl acetate (85:15), chloroform: methanol (8:2) solvent systems correspondingly. The TLC analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of flavonoids with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.75 in toluene: dioxin: acetic acid (78:14:5) chloroform: acetone: formic acid (64:12.3:3.2) solvent systems, correspondingly.Conclusion: The results of standardization parameters ensure quality and purity of the plant material Bougainvillea glabra. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides. TLC studies indicated the ash value, pH determination and solubility parameters. The data obtained from the present study provide useful data which will helpful in identification and doing research work in future.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THE FRUITS OF SYZYGIUM ZEYLANICUM (L.) DC. VAR. ZEYLANICUM
Authors: Bhanu Devi R. C. , Sabu K. K.
Published: May 2020

Objective: Wild indigenous fruits are believed to be extremely nutritious, contributing a great deal to the general health of the tribal and rural population. To validate this claim, systematic studies are required to estimate their nutritional composition. The objective of the study was to analyze the fatty acid composition of Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. var. zeylanicum.Methods: The fatty acid composition of S. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum fruits were analysed by GC-MS/MS.Results: The major fatty acids were cis-oleic acid (43.47Â±0.62 %) and linoleic acid (31.14Â±0.35%). Total monounsaturated fatty acids in the sample was 44.21%. Omega-6, omega-7 and omega-9 fatty acids were detected. The polyunsaturated fatty acids in thefruits were linoleic acid (31.14Â±0.35 %) and arachidonic acid (0.15Â±0.22 %), whereas 24.51 % of the total fatty acids were saturated. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was approximately 3:1. The order of abundance of fatty acids, in some of the healthiest oils, viz. olive, canola, peanut oils is, Oleic acid>Linoleic acid>Palmitic acid>Stearic acid and the same order was observed in the present study.Conclusion: Fruits of S. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum too shows a healthy balance between unsaturated and saturated fats.Â
APPLICATION OF VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ARMODAFINIL IN BULK AND FORMULATION
Authors: Ramesh Devi , Habibuddin Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study is to develop and validate a simple, rapid, sensitive reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of Armodafinil present in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations.Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved by using Hypersil ODS C-18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5Âµ) in an isocratic mode with mobile phase methanol: phosphate buffer 3.0 (60:40 %v/v) was used. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 225 nm. The method was validated for validation parameters i.e. linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness according to ICH guidelines.Results: The retention time of Armodafinil was 4.2 min and the linearity range of the method was 500-20000ng/ml with regression (r2) coefficient 0.9998. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, robustness and which were found to be within the acceptable limits according to the ICH guidelines. Also, the method was successfully applied for the estimation of Armodafinil in the marketed formulation of Nuvigil and the recovery was found to be>98%.Conclusion: The developed method possess good selectivity, specificity, there is no interference found in the blank at a retention time of ARM and good correlation between the peak area and concentration of the drugs under prescribed conditions. Hence, the method can be applied for routine analysis of Armodafinil.Â
Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penambangan Batu Padas Atau Paras Secara Ilegal Criminal Sanctions Against Perpetrators Of Illegal Padas (Paras Stone)
Authors: Sarasvati Audia Priti , Sepud I Made , Sutama I Nyoman
Published: May 2020

Abstract-This study uses a type of normative legal research. The sources of legal material used are primary legal material and secondary legal material. The problem in this thesis is the regulation of criminal sanctions against the perpetrators of criminal acts of illegal rock mining (paras) and the consideration of judges against the perpetrators of criminal acts of illegal mining (paras). The results of the study can be concluded that the forms of mining business permit arrangements are regulated in Law No. 4 of 2009 concerning mining of minerals and coal. And if you want to have a permit in mining activities, you must fulfill the requirements in the form of administrative requirements, technical requirements, environmental requirements, and financial requirements. Judge's consideration in illegally imposing criminal offenses in the case number 32/Pid.sus/2017/Pn.Gin. The judge sentenced the defendant to a suspended sentence, also saw the judge's consideration of seeing the position of the case, the attitude of the defendant in the trial and returning to the conviction of the judge of the sentence whether it was appropriate to be dropped on the defendant.

Keywords: Crime, sansction, illegal paras

Abstrak-Penelitian ini dimuat untuk mengetahui pengaturan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penambangan batu padas (paras) secara ilegal di Pengadilan Negeri Gianyar, dimana dalam pengkajiannya membahas pengaturan sanksi pidana mengenai kegiatan pertambangan yang tidak mematuhi prosedur atau peraturan tanpa adanya izin dalam kasus pidana putusan pengadilan negeri No.32/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Gin. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian hukum normatif. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaturan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penambangan batu padas (paras) secara ilegal dan pertimbangan hakim terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penambangan batu padas (paras) secara ilegal. Hasil pengkajian ini disimpulkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk pengaturan izin usaha pertambangan diatur dalam undang-undang no. 4 tahun 2009 tentang pertambangan mineral dan batubara dan jika ingin memiliki izin dalam kegiatan pertambangan harus memenuhi syarat-syarat berupa syarat administratif, syarat teknis, syarat lingkungan dan syarat finansial. Pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pelaku penambangan batu padas (paras) secara ilegal dalam kasus No. 32/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Gin. Dilihat dari pertimbangan Hakim yakni pada posisi kasusnya, sikap terdakwa pada saat persidangan dan pada keyakinan hakim untuk memutuskan suatu hukuman yang pantas dijatuhkan kepada terdakwa. Hal tersebutlah yang mendasari Hakim untuk menjatuhkan hukuman percobaan terhadap terdakwa.

Kata kunci: Pidana, sanksi, paras illegal
Penerapan Pasal 1320 Kuh Perdata Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Penjual Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Barang Melalui Media Internet
Authors: Putra I Komang Mahesa , Mahendrawati Ni Luh , Arini Desak Gde Dwi
Published: May 2020

Abstract-This trade activity by utilizing internet media is known as electronic commerce, or abbreviated as e-commerce. Regarding the relevance of existing legislation with the need for regulations in buying and selling transactions through internet media, especially the seller's responsibility. The formulation of the problem in this writing is how the legal protection for the parties in the sale and purchase agreement through the internet media and how the seller's responsibility in the sale and purchase agreement based on article 1320 of the Civil Code. The author uses the type of normative legal research and the problem approach used is the basis of the conceptual approach and legislation. The agreement needed to give birth to an agreement mandated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code is considered to have been reached if the statement of one party was received by the other party. In summary, an agreement is considered to have taken place when one of the parties agreed. The government should provide more stringent supervision for the parties who carry out this electronic transaction, namely by conducting a registration of all activities involving public interest in electronic traffic.

Keywords: Sale and Purchase Agreement, Seller responsibilities, e-commerce

Abstrak-Kegiatan yang menggunakan elektronik komersil sudah digandrungi beberapa orang dengan penggunaan yang semakin meningkat dengan pesat setiap tahunnya atau disingkat e-commerce. Berkaitan dengan relevansi peraturan perundang–undangan yang sudah ada dengan kebutuhan akan peraturan dalam transaksi jual beli melalui media internet terutama pertanggungjawaban penjual. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak dalam perjanjian jual beli melalui media internet dan Bagaimana tanggung jawab penjual dalam perjanjian jual beli barang berdasarkan pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. Penulis menggunakan tipe penelitian hukum normative dan pendekatan masalah yang digunakan adalah dasar pendekatan konseptual dan Peraturan perundang-undangan. Persetujuan antara kedua orang yang menjalin suatu hubungan keperdataan di anggap telah sah apabila keduanya setuju. Ringkasnya, suatu perjanjian dianggap telah terjadi pada saat salah satu pihak menyatakan sepakat. Pemerintah seyogyanya memberikan pengawasan yang lebih ketat lagi bagi para pihak yang melakukan transaksi elektronik ini yaitu dengan jalan melakukan suatu pendaftaran terhadap segala kegiatan yang menyangkut kepentingan umum didalam lalu lintas elektronik.

Kata Kunci: Perjanjian jual beli, tanggung jawab penjual, e-commerce
FATORES ASSOCIADOS A ACIDENTES DE TRABALHO ENTRE PROFISSIONAIS MOTOTAXISTAS
Authors: Santos Loiamara Barreto , Mendes Jéssica Meira , Amorim Camila Rego , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Nery Adriana Alves
Published: May 2020

O número de acidentes de trânsito envolvendo motocicleta é cada vez maior, o que expõe o profissional mototaxista à ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho. O presente estudo tem como objetivo estimar a incidência anual de acidentes de trabalho entre profissionais mototaxistas e os fatores associados a estes agravos segundo características sociodemográficas, características profissionais, condições de trabalho e presença de sintomas osteomusculares. Trata-se de estudo transversal de caráter analítico com amostra composta por 123 mototaxistas cadastrados na Associação de Mototaxistas de Jequié (taxa de resposta 77,8%). Para análise estatística, foi utilizada a técnica de regressão logística, com cálculo das razões de incidência, intervalo de confiança (95%) e nível de significância p ≤ 0,05. A incidência anual de acidentes de trabalho entre mototaxistas foi de 26,8%. Foi observada, ainda, uma incidência expressiva de acidentes entre aqueles que relataram possuir outra atividade remunerada além do serviço de mototáxi (86,7%), com associação estatisticamente significante (p = 0,03). O desempenho de duas profissões parece predispor o mototaxista a maior ocorrência de acidentes com o veículo, sendo considerado um importante problema de saúde pública.

Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia. Mototaxistas. Saúde do trabalhador. Condições de trabalho. Acidentes de trabalho.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS SOBRE SUAS NECESSIDADES DE SAÚDE NO ÂMBITO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Fequis Taynana Soares Oliveira , Barbosa Eliana Sabrina de Souza , Lago Rozilaine Redi , Torres Lydhia Rubhia de Lima
Published: May 2020

A atenção primária à saúde (APS) constitui espaço privilegiado de atuação de políticas públicas de saúde e representa o nível de atenção preferencial para os usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) obterem o atendimento de suas necessidades. Diante da carência de melhor compreensão sobre este tema, buscou-se analisar a produção científica acerca da percepção dos usuários sobre suas necessidades no âmbito da APS no SUS, a partir da taxonomia de Matsumoto. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, na qual foram selecionados quatro artigos completos, disponíveis em língua portuguesa, como resultado da busca realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs e Medline, usando as palavras-chave “necessidades e demandas de serviços de saúde”, “necessidades” e “necessidades de saúde”, publicados entre 2009 e 2013. Os estudos analisados utilizam abordagem qualitativa (classificados com nível de evidência número 4), são de autoria de enfermeiros e apresentam o estado de São Paulo como local de pesquisa predominante. As categorias de necessidades de saúde expressas pelos usuários nos artigos contemplaram aquelas propostas por Matsumoto. Concluiu-se que os usuários da atenção primária do SUS compreendem suas necessidades no âmbito da APS e têm uma visão ampliada de que elas não estão atreladas apenas aos fatores biológicos, mas envolvem também a sua situação social, além do acesso que devem possuir a todos os serviços de saúde desde a porta de entrada.

Palavras-chave: Atenção primária à saúde. Necessidades e demandas de serviços de saúde.Saúde Pública.
INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA ENTRE IDOSOS: UM ESTUDO EM ÁREAS POBRES DO NORTE E NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Cesar Juraci Almeida , Marmitt Luana Patricia , Dziekaniak Alessandra Coelho , Chrestani Maria Aurora Dropa
Published: May 2020

A incontinência urinária (IU) é um importante problema de saúde comum entre idosos que demanda ampla utilização de serviços de saúde e acarreta diversos transtornos ao indivíduo e à família. Objetivou-se medir a prevalência de IU e identificar fatores associados à sua ocorrência entre indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais de idade residentes em dois municípios pobres das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Utilizando-se de abordagem quantitativa e delineamento transversal, entrevistadores treinados visitaram metade dos domicílios do município de Caracol (PI), e um terço dos domicílios de Garrafão do Norte (PA) e aplicaram questionário padrão a esta população. A medida de efeito utilizada foi razão de prevalências (RP) e a análise multivariável por regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Dentre os 1.023 idosos estudados, 15,4% referiram IU. Esta prevalência variou de 7,9%, entre aqueles que não referiram qualquer outro problema de saúde, até 27,5%, entre aqueles com 80 anos ou mais. A análise ajustada mostrou maior RP à ocorrência de IU entre aqueles com 80 anos ou mais de idade (2,14; 1,51-3,04), que sofreram quedas nas quatro semanas anteriores a entrevista (RP = 1,47; 1,02-2,01) e que referiram sofrer três ou mais problemas de saúde (2,60; 1,38-4,91). Não ser alfabetizado mostrou-se um fator de proteção à IU (RP = 0,52; 0,31-0,90) em relação a quatro anos ou mais de escolaridade. A ocorrência de IU mostrou-se elevada na população estudada e associada de forma independente à maior idade, relato de queda e presença de comorbidade.

Palavras-chave: Idoso. Incontinência urinária. Fatores de risco. Áreas de pobreza.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PESSOAS COM HIPERTENSÃO E DIABETES NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Moita Marina Pereira , Dias Maria Socorro de Araújo , Brito Maria da Conceição Coelho , Silva Lielma Carla Chagas da
Published: May 2020

Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são a maior causa de morbimortalidade no mundo, com destaque para a hipertensão e o diabetes, que tendem a afetar a qualidade de vida das pessoas acometidas. Este estudo, de revisão integrativa, objetiva analisar evidências científicas sobre as ações de cuidado na promoção da qualidade de vida de pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes na atenção básica à saúde. A busca de estudos foi realizada mediante três cruzamentos na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, utilizando a estratégia Prisma. Foram selecionados 19 estudos, publicados em revistas indexadas nas bases de dados Lilacs e BDENF. Os resultados evidenciaram ser necessário conhecer as condições de saúde dos pacientes para planejar intervenções destinadas a públicos específicos. Ademais, ressalta-se a relevância da educação em saúde visando ao autocuidado e à corresponsabilização no tratamento. Também foi possível identificar a importância de o trabalho ser compartilhado por uma equipe multiprofissional. A revisão integrativa propõe que o cuidado em prol da qualidade de vida de pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes seja conduzido colaborativamente, com base nos contextos de vida.
Palavras-chave: Qualidade de vida. Hipertensão. Diabetes mellitus. Atenção primária à saúde.
The Acute Effect of Malathion on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Gammarus pulex (Freshwater Amphipoda)
Authors: Pala Ayşegül , Serdar Osman , Aydın Rahmi
Published: May 2020

In this study, the acute (24 and 48 h) effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion, organophosphates insecticide, on the AChE activity in Gammarus pulex was investigated. For this purpose, two sublethal concentrations of malathion (0.1 and 0.2 mg l-1) were applied to G. pulex for 24 and 48 h. After 24 and 48 hours of malathion exposure, G. pulex samples were taken. In the samples taken, AChE enzyme activity and protein level were determined and specific AChE enzyme activity was calculated.Sublethal concentrations of malathion caused time-dependent increased inhibition of AChE activity in G. pulex. In the group exposed to 0.1 mg l-1 malathion concentration, inhibition of AChE was detected as 50% at 24 h and 74% at 48 h, compared to control. Similarly, in the group exposed to 0.2 mg l-1 malathion concentration, 60% and 68% AChE inhibition at 24 and 48 h were observed, respectively, compared to the control.As a result, acute exposure of G. pulex to malathion for 24 and 48 h caused in the high rate inhibition of the AChE activity. Further, the results show that up to 74% AChE inhibition levels in G.pulex do not cause acute death, and measurement of AChE activity in G. pulex will be the biomarker of acute malathion exposure and effects.
Water Quality and Heavy Metal Pollution in Kayacik Dam (Gaziantep, Turkey)
Authors: Dogan Demet
Published: May 2020

The present study was the first conducted to determine the water quality and heavy metal pollution in Kayacik Dam (Gaziantep, Turkey) to assess its suitability and safety for irrigation. For this purpose, water sampling from 6 stations was performed in spring 2019 and samples taken into polyethylene bottles were used to determine the presence of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using ICP-OES. The water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were measured in situ via 8405 Combo Water Meter. The average values of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were as follows; 20.53oC, 8.30, 12.57 mg/L, and 723.7 μS cm-1, respectively. Kayacik Dam was found to be first-class water quality in terms of temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen while it can be evaluated as a second class in terms of conductivity. Among heavy metals analyzed levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, and Pb were under the detection limit of 0.05 mg/L. The order of heavy metal levels in Kayacik Dam was found as Mn>Fe>Al>Zn>Ni. A general increasing or decreasing trend was not determined in heavy metal levels among stations. According to recommended maximum element concentrations for irrigation purposes by United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Mn and Ni levels were found to be higher than the maximum recommended level while Fe, Al, and Zn were in the allowable range.
Chromomycin A3 and DAPI Staining of Chromosomes of Three Endemic Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 1860 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) Species from Anatolia
Authors: Karasu Ayata Muradiye
Published: May 2020

The karyotypes and other chromosomal markers of representatives of the genus Pseudophoxinus have been little studied. Therefore, this study documents chromosomal NOR phenotypes as revealed using Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and DAPI chromosomal stainings in three species Pseudophoxinus elizavetae Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2007, P. firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2007 and P. hittitorum Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2010, endemic in Anatolia. Simple NOR phenotype with only two CMA3 positive signals were observed in the karyotype of P. firati whereas derived NOR phenotype with four CMA3 positive signals were observed in those of P. elizavetae and P. hittitorum, respectively. No DAPI positive signal was detected in karyotypes in all three species. This study described new NOR phenotypes, i.e. number and position of major rDNA genes, in genomes of three Pseudophoxinus species contributing thus to known diversity of NOR phenotypes in otherwise karyotypically highly conservative leuciscid fishes.
Diferenças estruturais produtivas entre os pequenos, médios e grandes estabelecimentos agropecuários baianos
Authors: Almeida Paulo Nazareno Alves , Miranda Elisabete Da Silva
Published: May 2020

A produção agropecuária baiana, assim como a brasileira, é caracterizada por possuir um número elevado de pequenos estabelecimentos com pouca extensão de área, baixa capacidade de investimento e baixo uso de tecnologia. Em contrapartida, pode-se observar a presença de um pequeno número de estabelecimentos com grande extensão de área, elevada capacidade de investimentos e que produz sob elevado nível tecnológico. Busca-se, neste trabalho, verificar as diferenças estruturais produtivas entre os estratos dos pequenos, médios e grandes estabelecimentos agropecuários. Foram estimadas funções de produção agregadas para o Estado da Bahia, bem como para os estratos de área sob a forma funcional Translog e Cobb-Douglas. Foram estimadas as elasticidades de produção, bem como obtiveram-se as produtividades marginais e as taxas marginais de substituição técnica para cada estrato. Verificou-se que os estratos do pequeno e do médio, assim com o do pequeno e do grande, produzem sob níveis tecnológicos diferentes e que os estratos do médio e do grande estão sob o mesmo nível tecnológico. A produtividade marginal da terra para os três estratos de área foi negativa, a variável crédito não se mostrou estatisticamente significativa e as variáveis despesa e capital foram as que mais impactaram na produção agropecuária baiana em 2006.
Corporate Governance Mechanism and Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value
Authors: Widiatmoko Jacobus
Published: May 2020

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on corporate value using agency perspectives and stakeholder theory. Corporate governance is measured using an independent commissioner, a board of directors, and an audit committee. The research data were obtained from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. The test results using multiple linear regression indicate that corporate governance as measured by the board of directors and audit committee has a positive effect on company value. Meanwhile, the existence of independent commissioners in the sample companies did not have an impact on increasing the value of the company. The same result also occurs for CSR variables, which have not been proven to affect the firm's value. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the research model is robust, both by measuring PBV or Tobin's Q for the dependent variable.
Keywords: independent commissioner, board of directors, audit committe, corporate social responsibility, firm value
Consumer Behavior toward the Use of Credit Cards: The Empirical Evidence from Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Amanj Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Credit card is a payment tool in the modern world and it is being called the plastic money. In Iraq and especially in Kurdistan region, the credit card utilization now is appealing to be more attractive. To address this issue, the present study sheds some light on the impact of credit cards on the consumer behavior and the benefits of credit cards for people of Kurdistan, Iraq. The data were obtained from 40 participants consisting of academicians in the related field, managers of banks, and credit card users by means of questionnaires. A range of variables that agreed to demographic information, such as level of education, gender, and income, were also considered. Drawing on chi-square and modeling analysis, the results portrayed a positive relationship between the costumer information and their behavior in using credit cards. The results of this study further suggest that since people in Kurdistan region of Iraq would like to apply credit cards in all aspects of life, the financial institutions should provide accessible information and valuable services. All in all, from this study it is implied that the “plastic money” makes a revolution in banking industry across the world and nowadays electronic banking becomes familiar to the world.
Introduction to the Special issue on problematic behaviors related to Internet and digital technology use: Facts, conjectures, and oranges
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan
Published: May 2020

The Internet and its negative consequences to mental health is one of the fastest growing research fields over the past decade. This editorial gives an overview of available knowledge on problematic behaviors related to Internet use. The current psychiatric terminology recognizes disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors, with gaming disorder as the only mental disorder related to Internet use. There may be relationships between different mental disorders characterized primarily by impulsive, compulsive, and addictive behaviors and problematic Internet use (PIU) and disordered gaming. Marked variability was found in the prevalence of PIU and gaming disorder globally, with a myriad of factors that may lead to and/or maintain these behaviors. Research studies showed that individuals with PIU and gaming disorder may have distinctive psychological profiles with specific cognitive changes. Functional and structural neural and neurochemical abnormalities in the brain may also be present. Finally, treatments of these conditions have already emerged. Eleven selected articles for this Special issue dealing with specific aspects of problematic behaviors related to Internet use were also discussed.
Numerical investigation of pore defect formation in the weld during high speed laser welding
Authors: Ai Yuewei , Liu Xiaoying , Huang Yi , Yu Long
Published: May 2020

The pores existing in the weld bead seriously weaken the mechanical properties and other related performances of welded joints. Therefore, to reduce the formation of defects in the weld bead and further improve the welding quality, a 3D numerical simulation model is developed in this paper to investigate pore formation during high speed laser welding. In this model, driving forces including surface tension, recoil pressure, hydrostatic pressure and hydrodynamic pressure are coupling taken into consideration. The volume of fluid method is adopted to track the boundary between the keyhole and the molten pool. The pore formation process in high speed laser welding is described in details after solving the established numerical simulation model. The calculated results demonstrate that the bottom part of the rear of the keyhole is elongated as the keyhole moves forward in high speed and then separated from the keyhole. Sequentially, the separated part is mixed with the metal flowing in the molten pool and finally formed as the pore defect in the weld bead as the molten pool cools down and solidifies. These results indicate that the proposed method is efficient for reducing the defects in the weld bead during high speed laser welding and may be used to improve the welded joints in production.
Analisis Hubungan Konfigurasi Ruang dengan Penyebaran Pengunjung Pasar Klewer Menggunakan Space Syntax
Authors: Nurhalimah Dewi , Astuti Dyah Widi
Published: May 2020

Pasar Klewer merupakan pasar tradisional yang terkenal sebagai pusat konveksi batik terbesar di Kota Surakarta. Pada tahun 2014 silam Pasar Klewer mengalami kebakaran yang mengakibatkan kerusakan cukup parah, oleh sebab itu Pasar Klewer kini telah mengalami revitalisasi dan renovasi. Kondisi Pasar Klewer kini, banyak pedagang yang menempati bangunan baru mengeluhkan penyebaran pengunjung selama ini belum merata karena pintu yang banyak diakses pengunjung hanya pada bagian sisi utara. Hal itu  disebabkan tidak terbiasanya pengunjung mengakses banyak pintu masuk. Dampak dari hal tersebut adalah belum semua kios mengalami pemerataan perputaran ekonomi di bangunan baru Pasar Klewer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pola gerak pengunjung ditinjau dari konfigurasi ruang, penelitian ini mencoba mengungkapkan dasar pola pergerakan pengunjung dan pengaruhnya terhadap konfigurasi ruang serta pemerataan ekonomi pada setiap kios. Space Syntax digunakan sebagai alat untuk menganalisis layout denah ruang dalam bentuk gambar. Analisis tersebut ditunjukan dengan nilai intelligibility (kejelasan ruang) pada konfigurasi ruang Pasar Klewer, dimana semakin tinggi nilai syntax maka akan semakain mudah dipahami sehingga akan mendorong terjadinya aktivitas di dalamnya. Hasil analisis dideskripsikan apa adanya, kemudian dilakukan perbandingan kesesuaian dengan kondisi ruang pasar secara langsung. Hal ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas ruang baik dari rancangan aktivitas maupun peletakan fasilitas yang dibutuhkan oleh Pasar Klewer.
Inventarisasi Pohon Plus Dalam Blok Koleksi Di Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman
Authors: Hasibuan Moses , . Indriyanto , Riniarti Melya
Published: May 2020

Plus tree inventory was an activity for collecting and compiling data.Collection block was an area within Great Forest Park region that contains different types of plant, either endemic or non-endemic plants, which serves for protection and preservation, research, science, education, support the cultivation, culture, tourism and recreation.The information about the existence of plus trees on the collection block still rare.So, plus tree inventory still necessary to fulfill the data.This research was held in Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park Collection Block at February to March 2012.The aim of this research is to identify the trees which has plus tree criterias.Data collected by using line terraced layers method which placed systematically.The collected data include the types of trees, trunk diameter, branch height, trunk straightness, tree’s health condition, fruit production, branch corner, sphericity form of circumference stem, and the location of the plus tree.Based on the results, there were 9 species of trees that identified as plus trees,7 species of wooden trees, which are 3 taboo trees (Tetrameles nudiflora), 1 dadap tree (Erythrina fusca), 1 purple coral tree (Pterospermum javanicum), 1 sandpaper tree (Ficus ampelas), 6 kapok trees (Ceiba pentandra), 1 red cedar tree (Toona sureni), 1 mindi tree (Melia azedarach) and 2 species of MPTS trees, 1 durian tree (Durio zibethinus), and 1 mango tree (Mangifera indica).Total number of individual tree that meets the plus tree criterias are 16 trees.Keywords: inventory, plus trees
Pengaruh Beberapa Dosis Pupuk Dan Beberapa Media Tumbuh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Jabon (Anthocephalus Cadamba)
Authors: Kurniawan Sondri , Bintoro Afif , Riniarti Melya
Published: May 2020

Jabon wood (Anthocephalus cadamba) is a fast growing species.Currently, jabon wood is play an important rile for timber industry, included plywood, lamina, and the other timber industry.To improve the quality of wood jabon, necessary for the addition of fertilizer and improved media.Application of multiple doses of fertilizers with several media compositions was expected could increase the growth of jabon wood seedling.This observation aimed to know the effect and interaction of media composition and fertilizer on the growth of jabon wood seedling.The observation was conducted in greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Lampung University for 4 months.The observation was compiled factorially (3x4) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The first factor was the composition of the soil medium consisting of red-yellow podzolic (100%); red-yellow podzolic + sand (1:1); red-yellow podzolic + rice husk (1:1), while the second factor was the dose of fertilizer consists of 0 g, 0.5 g , 1 g, and 1.5 g. The observed variables are added height, diameter, number of leaves, root length, and total dry weight.The results showed that media composition significantly affected, diameter, number of leaves and total dry weight.Fertilizer did not significantly affected height increment, diameter, number of leaves, root length, and total dry weight, there was no interaction between several media compositions with fertilizer. The best treatment to all growth parameters was red-yellow podzolic soil + sand (1:1) with all fertilizer doses.  Keywords: fertilizer, jabon wood, podzolic,red-yellow, rice husk
Perubahan Penutupan Lahan Di Taman Nasional Way Kambas
Authors: Arif Maullana Danang , Darmawan Arief
Published: May 2020

Land cover changes in Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) changes rapidly. Data on changes in land cover in 1996, 2002 and 2010 in TNWKanalyzed by using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Analysis also includes changes in land cover in each zoning park management.The research was conducted in June-September 2012 at the Way Kambas National Park. Data collected in the form of Landsat ETM + and TM (1996, 2002, and 2010), field verification points, and attribute data in the form of zoning. Spatial data processed with ERDAS imagine software version 8.5 and Arc View version 3.3, while the data is processed by descriptive attributes and analyzed qualitatively. Land cover types in the Way Kambas National Park is divided into 9 classes of forest, wetland forests, wetlands, shrubs, reeds, open land, water bodies, lading, and no data (cloud and cloud shadow). The largest land cover on the forest zone and the intensive use of coarse grass while special conservation zone and the core zone has the largest forest cover in the form of forest. Keyword : GIS, land cover, Way Kambas National Park