bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-Nano formulation of bile-gut delivery: rheological, stability and cell survival, basal and maximum respiration studies
Authors: Wagle Susbin Raj , Walker Daniel , Kovacevic Bozica , Gedawy Ahmed , Mikov Momir , Golocorbin-Kon Svetlana , Mooranian Armin , Al-Salami Hani
Published: May 2020

Probucol (PB) is a drug that exhibits significant hydrophobicity and substantial intra and inter individual variability in oral absorption, with a miniature bioavailability and complex three compartmental pharmacokinetic modelling due to its high lipid affinity, low stability and high octanol to water partition coefficient. Multiple attempts to formulate PB have not produced satisfactory stable matrices, drug-release profile or rheological flow properties for optimum manufacturing conditions, and with positive and none toxic biological effects. Lithocholic acid (LCA) has recently shown to optimise formulation and cell uptake of drugs. Hence, the aim of this study was to design new PB delivery system, using LCA, and examine its morphology, rheology, stability, and cellular effects. PB was formulated with LCA and sodium alginate (PB-LCA-SA) using various microencapsulation methodologies, and best formulation was investigated in vitro and ex vivo. Using our Ionic Gelation Vibrational Jet flow technology, PB-LCA-SA microcapsules showed good stability and significantly enhanced cell viability, cellular respiration, and reduced inflammation suggesting potential LCA applications in PB delivery and biological effects.
The Dynamic Response of Sweat Chloride to Changes in Exercise Load Measured by a Wearable Sweat Sensor
Authors: Choi Dong-Hoon , Kitchen Grant B. , Stewart Kerry J. , Searson Peter C.
Published: May 2020

Wearable sensors enable the monitoring of an individual’s sweat composition in real time. In this work, we recorded real-time sweat chloride concentration for 12 healthy subjects in three different protocols involving step changes in exercise load and compared the results to laboratory-based analysis. The sensor results reflected the changes in exercise load in real time. On increasing the exercise load from 100 W to 200 W the sweat chloride concentration increased from 12.0 ± 5.9 to 31.4 ± 16 mM (mean ± SD). On decreasing the load from 200 W to 100 W, the sweat chloride concentration decreased from 27.7 ± 10.5 to 14.8 ± 8.1 mM. The half-time associated with the change in sweat chloride, defined as the time at which the concentration reached half of the overall change, was about 6 minutes. While the changes in sweat chloride were statistically significant, there was no correlation with changes in sweat rate or other physiological parameters, which we attribute to intra-individual variation (SD = 1.6–8.1 mM). The response to exercise-induced sweating was significantly different to chemically-induced sweating where the sweat chloride concentration was almost independent of sweat rate. We speculate that this difference is related to changes in the open probability of the CFTR channel during exercise, resulting in a decrease in reabsorption efficiency at higher sweat rates.
Longitudinal changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the fellow eyes of unilateral retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Shin Yong-Il , Lim Hyung-Bin , Koo Hyungmoon , Lee Woo-Hyuk , Kim Jung-Yeul
Published: May 2020

To analyze longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses over time in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO). A total of 47 patients with unilateral RVO and 47 healthy controls were enrolled. The mean and sectoral pRNFL thicknesses were measured using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography at 1 year intervals, and followed for 3 years. Linear mixed models were performed to calculate and compare the reduction rates of pRNFL thicknesses over time. The mean pRNFL thickness decreased significantly during the 3-year follow-up, with a significant decrease over time in both groups. The reduction rate in mean pRNFL thicknesses was −0.41 μm/year in the control group and −0.68 μm/year in the fellow eyes of RVO group, and the decrease was significantly higher in the fellow eyes of RVO group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Using a multivariate linear mixed model, age (estimate: −0.41, p = 0.011) and hypertension (HTN) (estimate: −6.51, p = 0.014) were significantly associated with the reduction in mean pRNFL thicknesses in fellow eyes of RVO group. The fellow eyes of RVO patients showed a greater reduction in pRNFL thickness over time than normal controls. Age and HTN should be considered as factors to decrease the pRNFL thickness over time in fellow eyes of RVO group.
Rhodamine-immobilized optical hydrogels with shape deformation and Hg2+-sensitive fluorescence behaviors
Authors: Qu Zixiang , Meng Xia , Duan Hongdong , Qin Dawei , Wang Lizhen
Published: May 2020

A highly effective method for the research and development of a novel macroscopic hydrogel sensor and bilayer hydrogel is reported. Based on Rhodamine 6G, an Hg2+ sensitive fluorescent functional monomer was synthesized, then the monomer was utilized to synthesize hydrogel sensors and bilayer hydrogels. Hydrogel sensor has prominent selectivity to Hg2+, the bilayer hydrogel has shape changing function additionally. By combining a thermoresponsive hydrogel layer, poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM), with an Hg2+ selective hydrogel layer via macroscopic supramolecular assembly, a bilayer hydrogel is obtained that can be tailored and reswells. The bilayer hydrogel sensor can show complex shape deformation caused by the PNIPAM layer and the Hg2+-responsive characteristic of hydrogel sensor layer can be observed under visible light or UV light. This work will provide novel insights for the design and synthesis of novel smart materials with synergistic functions.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status prediction in histopathology images of gliomas using deep learning
Authors: Liu Sidong , Shah Zubair , Sav Aydin , Russo Carlo , Berkovsky Shlomo , Qian Yi , Coiera Enrico , Di Ieva Antonio
Published: May 2020

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2 are frequently found in diffuse and anaplastic astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumours as well as in secondary glioblastomas. As IDH is a very important prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for glioma, it is of paramount importance to determine its mutational status. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a valuable tool in precision oncology as it guides histopathology-based diagnosis and proceeding patient’s treatment. However, H&E staining alone does not determine the IDH mutational status of a tumour. Deep learning methods applied to MRI data have been demonstrated to be a useful tool in IDH status prediction, however the effectiveness of deep learning on H&E slides in the clinical setting has not been investigated so far. Furthermore, the performance of deep learning methods in medical imaging has been practically limited by small sample sizes currently available. Here we propose a data augmentation method based on the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) deep learning methodology, to improve the prediction performance of IDH mutational status using H&E slides. The H&E slides were acquired from 266 grade II-IV glioma patients from a mixture of public and private databases, including 130 IDH-wildtype and 136 IDH-mutant patients. A baseline deep learning model without data augmentation achieved an accuracy of 0.794 (AUC = 0.920). With GAN-based data augmentation, the accuracy of the IDH mutational status prediction was improved to 0.853 (AUC = 0.927) when the 3,000 GAN generated training samples were added to the original training set (24,000 samples). By integrating also patients’ age into the model, the accuracy improved further to 0.882 (AUC = 0.931). Our findings show that deep learning methodology, enhanced by GAN data augmentation, can support physicians in gliomas’ IDH status prediction.
Enhanced insulin receptor interaction by a bifunctional insulin-transferrin fusion protein: an approach to overcome insulin resistance
Authors: Liu Yuqian , Wang Hsuan-Yao , Shao Juntang , Zaro Jennica L. , Shen Wei-Chiang
Published: May 2020

Bifunctional fusion protein design has been widely utilized as a strategy to increase the efficacy of protein therapeutics. Previously, we proposed a novel application of the bifunctional fusion protein design through the introduction of proinsulin-transferrin (ProINS-Tf) fusion protein as a liver-specific protein prodrug to achieve a glucose-lowering effect in type 1 diabetic mice. In this report, we studied the binding characteristics of this activated fusion protein to the insulin receptor to elucidate its mechanism in eliciting insulin receptor-mediated signaling. We found that, with the assistance of the transferrin moiety binding to the transferrin receptor, the activated ProINS-Tf exhibited significantly higher binding affinity to the insulin receptor compared with the native insulin, resulting in a prolonged and stronger Akt phosphorylation. This enhanced induction by activated ProINS-Tf overcame insulin resistance in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. ProINS-Tf also demonstrated a better glucose-lowering effect than native insulin, even with a much lower dose and less frequent injections, in non-obese diabetic mice with insulin resistance symptoms. The activated ProINS-Tf, serving as a bivalent protein molecule, could be a new insulin analog to overcome insulin resistance, which is associated with several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Interval between two sequential arrays determines their storage state in visual working memory
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Zhang Jiafeng , Liang Tengfei , Ye Chaoxiong , Liu Qiang
Published: May 2020

The visual information can be stored as either “active” representations in the active state or “activity-silent” representations in the passive state during the retention period in visual working memory (VWM). Catering to the dynamic nature of visual world, we explored how the temporally dynamic visual input was stored in VWM. In the current study, the memory arrays were presented sequentially, and the contralateral delay activity (CDA), an electrophysiological measure, was used to identify whether the memory representations were transferred into the passive state. Participants were instructed to encode two sequential arrays and retrieve them respectively, with two conditions of interval across the two arrays: 400 ms and 800 ms. These results provided strong evidence for the state-separated storage of two sequential arrays in different neural states if the interval between them was long enough, and the concurrent storage of them in the active state if the interval was relatively short. This conclusion was valid only when the participants encountered the task for the first time. Once participants have formed their mindset, they would apply the same storage mode to the subsequently extended or shortened interval condition.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kuo Hsuan-Chih , Chang Pei-Hung , Wang Cheng-Hsu
Published: May 2020

In this retrospective study, we investigated the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment tolerance, and toxicities of patients with HNC undergoing primary or adjuvant CCRT with or without DM between 2007 and 2016. Of the 556 patients undergoing CCRT, 84 (15.1%) had DM. Compared with patients without DM, patients with DM were significantly older (56.2 ± 11.2 vs. 51.9 ± 9.5 years, P < 0.001), received lower doses of cisplatin (adjuvant CCRT: 175.30 ± 84.03 vs. 214.88 ± 68.25, P = 0.014; primary CCRT: 142.84 ± 79.49 vs. 187.83 ± 76.19, P < 0.001), and experienced higher rates of infection (adjuvant CCRT: 52% vs. 30.5%, P = 0.042; primary CCRT: 45.8% vs. 22.9%, P < 0.001). Among patients undergoing primary CCRT, compared with those without DM, the patients with DM experienced significantly higher rates of hematologic toxicity (65.7% vs. 39.3%, P = 0.004) and treatment-related deaths (10.2% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.051); and a greater weight loss (−6.17 ± 9.27% vs. −4.49 ± 6.84, P = 0.078). Patients with HNC and DM undergoing CCRT, compared with patients without DM, experienced higher rates of infection and hematotoxicity, loss of body weight, and higher treatment-related mortality.
Ultra-high throughput single-cell analysis of proteins and RNAs by split-pool synthesis
Authors: O’Huallachain Maeve , Bava Felice-Alessio , Shen Mary , Dallett Carolina , Paladugu Sri , Samusik Nikolay , Yu Simon , Hussein Razika , Hillman Grantland R. , Higgins Samuel , Lou Melanie , Trejo Angelica , Qin Laura , Tai Yu Chuan , Kinoshita Shigemi M. , Jager Astraea , Lashkari Deval , Goltsev Yury , Ozturk Sedide , Nolan Garry P.
Published: May 2020

Single-cell omics provide insight into cellular heterogeneity and function. Recent technological advances have accelerated single-cell analyses, but workflows remain expensive and complex. We present a method enabling simultaneous, ultra-high throughput single-cell barcoding of millions of cells for targeted analysis of proteins and RNAs. Quantum barcoding (QBC) avoids isolation of single cells by building cell-specific oligo barcodes dynamically within each cell. With minimal instrumentation (four 96-well plates and a multichannel pipette), cell-specific codes are added to each tagged molecule within cells through sequential rounds of classical split-pool synthesis. Here we show the utility of this technology in mouse and human model systems for as many as 50 antibodies to targeted proteins and, separately, >70 targeted RNA regions. We demonstrate that this method can be applied to multi-modal protein and RNA analyses. It can be scaled by expansion of the split-pool process and effectively renders sequencing instruments as versatile multi-parameter flow cytometers.
Cannibalism makes invasive comb jelly, Mnemiopsis leidyi, resilient to unfavourable conditions
Authors: Javidpour Jamileh , Molinero Juan-Carlos , Ramírez-Romero Eduardo , Roberts Patrick , Larsen Thomas
Published: May 2020

The proliferation of invasive marine species is often explained by a lack of predators and opportunistic life history traits. For the invasive comb jellyMnemiopsis leidyi, it has remained unclear how this now widely distributed species is able to overcome long periods of low food availability, particularly in their northernmost exotic habitats in Eurasia. Based on both field and laboratory evidence, we show that adult comb jellies in the western Baltic Sea continue building up their nutrient reserves after emptying the prey field through a shift to cannibalizing their own larvae. We argue, that by creating massive late summer blooms, the population can efficiently empty the prey field, outcompete intraguild competitors, and use the bloom events to build nutrient reserves for critical periods of prey scarcity. Our finding that cannibalism makes a species with typical opportunistic traits more resilient to environmental fluctuations is important for devising more effective conservation strategies.
Spin-frustration with two quasi-degenerated spin states of a copper(ii) heptanuclear complex obtained from an amino acid ligand
Authors: Matos Catiúcia R. M. O. , S. Junior Henrique C. , D'Amato Dayenny L. , de Souza Acácio S. , Pinheiro Sérgio , Guedes Guilherme P. , Ferreira Glaucio B. , Alves Odivaldo C. , de Almeida Filipe B. , Garcia Flávio , Ronconi Célia M.
Published: May 2020

A Cu(ii) heptanuclear complex, Cu7atac, synthesized from an amino acid ligand showed to be an antiferromagnetic spin-frustrated bis-triangular system. Cu7atac might be a promising qubit candidate for quantum information storage.
A simple paper-based approach for arsenic determination in water using hydride generation coupled with mercaptosuccinic-acid capped CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Thepmanee Oraphan , Prapainop Kanlaya , Noppha Obnithi , Rattanawimanwong Nuanlaor , Siangproh Weena , Chailapakul Orawon , Songsrirote Kriangsak
Published: May 2020

Paper-based device with MSA-CdTe QDs as arsenic detection probe is presented.
Rh(iii)-Catalyzed sequential ortho-C–H oxidative arylation/cyclization of sulfoxonium ylides with quinones toward 2-hydroxy-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones
Authors: Dong Yaqun , Yu Jin-Tao , Sun Song , Cheng Jiang
Published: May 2020

A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed ortho-C–H functionalization of sulfoxonium ylides followed by intramolecular annulation reactions with quinones was described, where the carbonyl in sulfoxonium ylides served as a chelation group.
Control of microenvironment around enzymes by hydrogels
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichiro , Kohara Kenji , Kiuchi Yusuke , Onoda Hiroki , Shoji Osami , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu
Published: May 2020

The oxidation of substrates by P450 is regulated by introducing an interaction site with decoy molecules into polymer hydrogels.
Electrospray ionization: an efficient approach to deposit polymetallic molecular switches onto gold surfaces
Authors: Benchohra Amina , Méthivier Christophe , Landoulsi Jessem , Kreher David , Lescouëzec Rodrigue
Published: May 2020

Electrospray ionization (EI) deposition is proven efficient in obtaining monolayers of a polymetallic charge transfer complex on gold surfaces.
Efficient generation of sulfate radicals in Fe(ii)/S(iv) system induced by WS2 nanosheets and examined by its intrinsic chemiluminescence
Authors: Sun Tong , Su Yingying , Liu Houjing , Song Hongjie , Lv Yi
Published: May 2020

In this study, the generation of more SO4˙− and strong intrinsic chemiluminescence (CL) were achieved through activating sulfite (SO32−) with ferrous ions (Fe2+) on 5 nm-thick WS2 nanosheets.
Integration of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with machine learning for identifying fatty acid metabolite biomarkers of ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Lijian , Ma Fei , Qi Ao , Liu Lulu , Zhang Junjie , Xu Simin , Zhong Qisheng , Chen Yusen , Zhang Chun-yang , Cai Chun
Published: May 2020

We demonstrated the integration of UHPLC–MS/MS with machine learning for identifying fatty acid metabolite biomarkers of ischemic stroke.
Superstructural diversity in salt-cocrystals: higher-order hydrogen-bonded assemblies formed using U-shaped dications and with assistance of π−–π stacking
Authors: Yelgaonkar Shweta P. , Kiani Daniyal , Baltrusaitis Jonas , MacGillivray Leonard R.
Published: May 2020

A series of salt cocrystals with components that form complex aggregates based on hydrogen-bonding and π−–π stacks is reported.
Selective synthesis of α-olefins by dehydration of fatty alcohols over alumina–thoria mixed catalysts
Authors: Ali Arif , Zhao Chen
Published: May 2020

The selective and high-yield production of α-olefins by alcohol dehydration is challenging because the isomerization and polymerization olefin products are more thermodynamically stable.
Effects of gastrodin against carbon tetrachloride induced kidney inflammation and fibrosis in mice associated with the AMPK/Nrf2/HMGB1 pathway
Authors: Ma Jie-Qiong , Sun Yun-Zhi , Ming Qing-Lei , Tian Zhi-Kai , Zhang Yu-Jia , Liu Chan-Min
Published: May 2020

Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, exhibits potential renoprotective properties.
Trifluoromethyl functionalized polyindoles: electrosynthesis, characterization, and improved capacitive performance
Authors: Wang Rui , Xue Yu , Jiang Fengxing , Zhou Weiqiang , Xu Jingkun , Duan Xuemin , Zhu Danhua , Xu Liming , Cai Yue , Liang Aiqin
Published: May 2020

Trifluoromethyl functionalized polyindoles, comb-like 5-PFMIn and flower-like 6-PFMIn, are prepared and they exhibit high specific capacitance and good stability.
Benchmarking the inversion barriers in σ3λ3-phosphorus compounds: a computational study
Authors: Espinosa Ferao Arturo , García Alcaraz Antonio
Published: May 2020

Benchmark study of three mechanisms for inversion at phosphorus, including parametric criteria for classification and analysis of factors affecting barriers.
Bad neighbour, good neighbour: how magnetic dipole interactions between soft and hard ferrimagnetic nanoparticles affect macroscopic magnetic properties in ferrofluids
Authors: Daffé Niéli , Zečević Jovana , Trohidou Kalliopi N. , Sikora Marcin , Rovezzi Mauro , Carvallo Claire , Vasilakaki Marianna , Neveu Sophie , Meeldijk Johannes D. , Bouldi Nadejda , Gavrilov Véronica , Guyodo Yohan , Choueikani Fadi , Dupuis Vincent , Taverna Dario , Sainctavit Philippe , Juhin Amélie
Published: May 2020

Hard ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles become softer in the presence of neighbouring soft ferrimagnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles.
Lithium metal deposition/dissolution under uniaxial pressure with high-rigidity layered polyethylene separator
Authors: Kanamori Shogo , Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Taminato Sou , Mori Daisuke , Takeda Yasuo , Hah Hoe Jin , Takeuchi Takashi , Imanishi Nobuyuki
Published: May 2020

The use of a high rigidity separator and application of an appropriate amount of pressure are effective approaches to control lithium metal growth and improve its cycle performance.
Rational design of well-dispersed ultrafine CoS2 nanocrystals in micro–mesoporous carbon spheres with a synergistic effect for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Jin Zhanshuang , Zhao Ming , Lin Tianning , Liu Bingqiu , Zhang Qi , Zhang Lingyu , Chen Lihua , Li Lu , Su Zhongmin , Wang Chungang
Published: May 2020

Micro–mesoporous carbon (MMC) embedded with well-dispersed ultrafine CoS2 (uCoS2) nanocrystals as an efficient sulfur host is prepared by a new method. As a result, a S/uCoS2@MMC cathode exhibits outstanding cycling stability and rate performance.
Profiles of immune infiltration and its relevance to survival outcome in meningiomas
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Tian Fen , Lun Peng , Feng Yugong
Published: May 2020

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a decisive part in prognosis and survival. Until now, previous researches have not made clear about the diversity of cell types involved in the immune response. The objective of this work was to confirm the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their correlation with prognosis in meningiomas based on a metagene approach (known as CIBERSORT) and online databases. A total of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells were detected to determine the relationship between the immune infiltration pattern and survival. The proportion of M2 macrophages was more abundant in 68 samples, reaching more than 36%. Univariate Cox regression analysis displayed that the proportion of dendritic cells was obviously related to prognosis. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified two clusters by the method of within sum of squares errors, which exhibited different infiltrating immune cell composition and survival. To summarize, our results indicated that proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as cluster patterns were associated with the prognosis, which offered clinical significance for research of meningiomas.
Formant-Estimated Vocal Tract Length and Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation During Modulation of Vocal Effort in Healthy Speakers
Authors: Groll Matti D. , McKenna Victoria S. , Hablani Surbhi , Stepp Cara E.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The goal of this study was to explore the relationships among vocal effort, extrinsic laryngeal muscle activity, and vocal tract length (VTL) within healthy speakers. We hypothesized that increased vocal effort would result in increased suprahyoid muscle activation and decreased VTL, as previously observed in individuals with vocal hyperfunction.

Method

Twenty-eight healthy speakers of American English produced vowel–consonant–vowel utterances under varying levels of vocal effort. VTL was estimated from the vowel formants. Three surface electromyography sensors measured the activation of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups. A general linear model was used to investigate the effects of vocal effort level and surface electromyography on VTL. Two additional general linear models were used to investigate the effects of vocal effort on suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle activities.

Results

Neither vocal effort nor extrinsic muscle activity showed significant effects on VTL; however, the degree of extrinsic muscle activity of both suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups increased with increases in vocal effort.

Conclusion

Increasing vocal effort resulted in increased activation of both suprahyoid and infrahyoid musculature in healthy adults, with no change to VTL.
Mobile routing algorithm with dynamic clustering for energy large‐scale wireless sensor networks
Authors: Elmonser Malika , Ben Chikha Haithem , Attia Rabah
Published: May 2020

The clustering technique is a key routing method for large‐scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which strongly extends the network's lifetime and scalability. The fundamental protocol of this technique, which is called low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), is proved as a solution that offers good energy efficiency and consequently expands the network lifetime. As the energy efficiency is deteriorated with the network size, LEACH improvements are becoming so substantial to support the scalability in the large‐scale WSNs. The authors propose a new dynamic multi‐hop clustering protocol. It exploits both the mobility and the multi‐hop communication to prolong the lifetime of the mobile WSN. The proposed protocol, called dynamic multi‐hop LEACH (DMH‐LEACH), combines the dynamic clustering, multi‐hop transmissions, and node mobility to improve the energy efficiency of LEACH. They also study the effect of the traffic and energy heterogeneity on the proposed protocol. Finally, they simulate DMH‐LEACH protocol for both homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol allows to better balance the energy consumption for all sensor nodes and considerably extends the network's lifetime.
Vollwandresektion eines Pylorusdrüsenadenoms im proximalen Duodenum bei einem 67-jährigen Patienten mit attenuierter Polyposis coli
Authors: Anliker Oliver , Sieweke Wolfram , Töpfer Antonia , Wülker Ines , Breidert Matthias
Published: May 2020

Einleitung Das Pylorusdrüsenadenom (PGA) ist eine unterdiagnostizierte, seltene Entität, die meist im Magen zu finden ist. Ähnlich wie kolorektale Adenome haben PGAs ein hohes Risiko für eine maligne Entartung zum Adenokarzinom von bis zu 12–47 %. Endoskopische Resektionen im Duodenum bergen ein erhebliches Risiko für Komplikationen. Die endoskopische Mukosaresektion (EMR) ist die derzeitige Standardtechnik zur Behandlung von duodenalen nichtampullären Adenomen. Die vollständigen Resektionsraten sind mit etwa 90 % beträchtlich hoch. Komplikationen wie Blutungen wurden bis zu 25 % verzeichnet. Die endoskopische Submukosadissektion (ESD) wird für die Resektion von Duodenalläsionen nicht empfohlen, da die Perforationsrate bis zu 35 % betragen kann. Die Anwendung der endoskopischen Vollwandresektion (EFTR) im Duodenum ist auf eine Fallstudie mit 20 Patienten beschränkt.

Fall Ein 67-jähriger Patient mit attenuierter Polyposis coli (FAP) wurde zum Screening vorgestellt. Die Gastroskopie zeigte eine 20 mm große, nichtampulläre Läsion im proximalen Duodenum (Pars I). Die Ränder der Duodenalläsionen wurden mit einer Hochfrequenzsonde (HF) markiert. Eine integrierte Ballondilatation (20 mm) des oberen Ösophagussphinkters und des Pylorus erleichterte das Vorschieben des Device (FTRD®, Fa. Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Tübingen). Nachdem die Läsion mit einem Greifer in die Kappe gezogen worden war, erfolgte die Applikation der Bärenklaue, und die Läsion wurde anschließend mit der integrierten Schlinge reseziert. Eine einmalige Antibiotikaprophylaxe mit 2 g Ceftriaxon i. v. wurde während der Intervention verabreicht. Die Second-Look-Endoskopie erfolgte 24 Stunden nach der Resektion. Das Resektat zeigte eine PGA von 18 mm Größe im proximalen Duodenum (immunhistochemisch positiv für Mucin-1, Mucin-5, Mib 1).

Zusammenfassung Hier präsentieren wir den ersten Fall einer duodenalen EFTR bei einem Patienten mit attenuierter FAP mit Erstbeschreibung eines Pylorusdrüsenadenoms. Derzeit gibt es keine spezifischen Richtlinien für die Entfernung und Überwachung. Die ASGE empfiehlt bei Pylorusdrüsenadenomen eine Resektions- und Überwachungsendoskopie im Abstand von 3–5 Jahren.
Assessing the benefits and challenges of video consultations for the treatment of children with type 1 diabetes – A qualitative study among diabetes professionals
Authors: Frielitz Fabian-Simon , Dördelmann Jana , Lemke Stella , Lange Karin , Hiort Olaf , Katalinic Alexander , von Sengbusch Simone
Published: May 2020

Background Video consultations are promoted as a tool to effectively supplement paediatric diabetes outpatient care. However, knowledge about attitudes of diabetes professionals towards this new technology is lagging behind. Diabetologists and diabetes nurses participating in a controlled study (the VIDIKI study) with monthly video consultations for children with type 1 diabetes were interviewed about their experience with this type of communication.

Research Design and Methods Guideline-based qualitative interviews with 9 telemedicine experts (7 paediatric diabetologists and 2 diabetes nurses) and 7 paediatric diabetologists who agreed to the telemedical co-treatment of their patients were analysed using qualitative content analysis, in particular inductive category formation.

Results Diabetes experts reported generally positive attitudes towards video consultations. They identified a number of unique benefits of telemedical interventions, including higher frequency of contacts, greater sense of patient´s safety, ability to interact with patients in their own homes, more timely and accurate medical monitoring, and improved data management. Additionally, it was important to the experts to maintain regular face-to-face consultations and to ensure close communication between telemedicine and outpatient clinical experts.

Conclusions Prerequisites for successful video consultations include a comprehensive initial technical training and an agreement on treatment responsibilities of all health care professionals involved in the patient’s care. Under these conditions, the experts reported significant advantages of video consultation in the treatment of children with type 1 diabetes.
A Method to Extract Feature Variables Contributed in Nonlinear Machine Learning Prediction
Authors: Suzuki Mayumi , Shibahara Takuma , Muragaki Yoshihiro
Published: May 2020

Background Although advances in prediction accuracy have been made with new machine learning methods, such as support vector machines and deep neural networks, these methods make nonlinear machine learning models and thus lack the ability to explain the basis of their predictions. Improving their explanatory capabilities would increase the reliability of their predictions.

Objective Our objective was to develop a factor analysis technique that enables the presentation of the feature variables used in making predictions, even in nonlinear machine learning models.

Methods A factor analysis technique was consisted of two techniques: backward analysis technique and factor extraction technique. We developed a factor extraction technique extracted feature variables that was obtained from the posterior probability distribution of a machine learning model which was calculated by backward analysis technique.

Results In evaluation, using gene expression data from prostate tumor patients and healthy subjects, the prediction accuracy of a model of deep neural networks was approximately 5% better than that of a model of support vector machines. Then the rate of concordance between the feature variables extracted in an earlier report using Jensen–Shannon divergence and the ones extracted in this report using backward elimination using Hilbert–Schmidt independence criteria was 40% for the top five variables, 40% for the top 10, and 49% for the top 100.

Conclusion The results showed that models can be evaluated from different viewpoints by using different factor extraction techniques. In the future, we hope to use this technique to verify the characteristics of features extracted by factor extraction technique, and to perform clinical studies using the genes, we extracted in this experiment.
Selected Research Topics of the Dondoni Group over the Last Two Decades (2000–2020)
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro
Published: May 2020

From a selection of research topics carried out in our laboratory during the last twenty years it becomes apparent that our main target was the discovery of new or improved synthetic methods together with new properties. Our efforts were made with the aim of being of some utility to other fields of research, with particular emphasis to glycobiology and heterocyle-based bioorganic chemistry. We performed new chemistry mainly in the field of carbohydrate manipulations taking as a primary rule the simplicity and efficiency manners. Toward this end, modern synthetic tools and approaches were employed such as heterocyle-based transformations, multicomponent reactions, organocatalysis, click azide–alkyne cycloadditions, reactions in ionic liquids, click photoinduced thiol-ene coupling, and click sulfur–fluoride exchange chemistry. With these potent methodologies in hand, the syntheses of carbohydrate containing amino acids up to proteins glycosylation were performed.

1 Heterocyclic Glycoconjugates and Amino Acids

2 Triazole-Linked Oligonucleotides: Application of Click CuAAC

3 Non-Natural Glycosyl Amino Acids

4 Non-Natural Oligosaccharides

5 Calixarene-Based Glycoclusters

6 Carbohydrate-Based Building Blocks

7 Homoazasugars and Aza-C-disaccharides

8 Synthesis of Glycodendrimers

9 Peptide and Protein Glycoconjugates

10 Conclusions
Reproductive Issues of Women with Epilepsy
Authors: Thomas Sanjeev V.
Published: May 2020

There are about 10 million people with epilepsy in India and a quarter of them are women in reproductive age group. The social stigma of epilepsy has pervasive impact on the life of people with epilepsy particularly women. The cyclical hormonal changes during menstrual cycle and during pregnancy can influence the seizure pattern in women with epilepsy. Exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can increase the risk of fetal malformations in the infants. This risk is higher with polytherapy and valproate in higher doses. A small proportion of children with antenatal AED exposure can have problems with cognitive development. All women with epilepsy need to have preconception evaluation to simplify the treatment of epilepsy. It is preferable to avoid valproate as an AED antiepileptic drug in women who are planning pregnancy.
Nonlinear modeling of bending-mode magnetoelectric coupling in asymmetric composite structures with magnetization-graded ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Lu Caijiang , Zhou Hai , Yu Feihu , Yang Aichao , Cao Zhongqing , Gao Hongli
Published: May 2020

The bending-mode magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in the asymmetric laminate composite with a magnetization-graded ferromagnetic material has been investigated in this paper. Based on the nonlinear constitutive relationships of the magnetostrictive material, the dynamic piezomagnetic models have been presented for magnetostrictive materials after considering the remanence, demagnetization, and flux concentration effects. In addition, the bending-mode resonant ME coupling model is developed based on the proposed dynamic piezomagnetic model, the motion equation of the ME composite, and the ME equivalent circuit method. The composite structures FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT with negative magnetostrictive Ni and FeCuNbSiB/FeNi/PZT with positive magnetostrictive FeNi have been used to confirm the validity and reliability of the theoretical model. The theoretical results show that the bending-resonant ME coefficients reasonably agree with the experimental results. This theoretical model is of importance for understanding the bending-mode ME response of the asymmetric structure with magnetization-graded ferromagnetic materials and designing the ME devices.
Adaptive clustering based on element-wised distance for distributed estimation over multi-task networks
Authors: Yuanyuan Zhang A. , Minyu Feng B. , Feng Chen C. , Jürgen Kurths D.
Published: May 2020

In multitask networks, neighboring agents that belong to different clusters pursue different goals, and therefore arbitrary cooperation will lead to a degradation in estimation performance. In this paper, an adaptive clustering method is proposed for distributed estimation that enables agents to distinguish between subneighbors that belong to the same cluster and those that belong to a different cluster. This creates an appropriate degree of cooperation to improve parameter estimation accuracy, especially for the case where the prior information of a cluster is unknown. In contrast to the static and quantitative threshold that is imposed in traditional clustering methods, we devise a method for real-time clustering hypothesis detection, which is constructed through the use of a reliable adaptive clustering threshold as reference and the averaged element-wise distance between tasks as real-time clustering detection statistic. Meanwhile, we relax the clustering conditions to maintain maximum cooperation without sacrificing accuracy. Simulations are presented to compare the proposed algorithm and some traditional clustering strategies in both stationary and nonstationary environments. The effects of task difference on performance are also obtained to demonstrate the superiority of our proposed clustering strategy in terms of accuracy, robustness, and suitability.
Singularity for solutions of linearized KdV equations
Authors: Kato Keiichi , Kawamoto Masaki , Nanbu Koichiro
Published: May 2020

We investigate the time propagation of singularity of a solution to the linearized Korteweg-deVries equation by using the characterization of wave front sets via the wave packet transform (short time Fourier transform).
Derivation of a continuous time dynamic planar system with two unstable foci from a three-dimensional chaotic piecewise linear system
Authors: Campos Eric
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce a class of continuous time dynamical planar systems that is capable of generating attractors in the plane by means of the use of hysteresis and at least two unstable foci. This class of systems shows stretching and folding behavior due to unstable equilibria and hysteresis. Hysteresis is used to overwhelm the constraints on the behavior of planar systems. This class of systems is derived from three-dimensional piecewise linear systems that have two manifolds, one stable and the other unstable, to generate heteroclinic chaos. Two numerical examples are given accordingly to the developed theory.
Investigation on wedge shock wave control by surface MHD actuation
Authors: Gong Geng , Li Yiwen , Wang Yutian , Kuang Peng
Published: May 2020

To study the effect of magnetohydrodynamic actuation on wedge shock waves under hypersonic flow, experiments were conducted in a Mach 7 hypersonic shock tunnel. A schlieren method was used to visualize the shock waves and the flow, which showed that the shock waves raised and moved forward under 0.37 T. The experimental results were analyzed in detail by numerical simulation. A theoretical model was designed to investigate the effect of Joule heat and the Lorentz force. The load factor (K) was defined to show the dominant factor, and the results of the calculation showed that Joule heat was the dominant factor in this experiment. From further analysis, we conclude that increasing the magnetic field intensity, improving the gas conductivity, arranging the actuation near the wedge head, and increasing the width of the actuation region properly may be helpful in achieving a better control effect.
Diffused morphotropic phase boundary results in high piezoelectricity and thermal stability
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: May 2020

Researchers study relaxor-PbTiO 3  crystals and discover, to their surprise, a diffused morphotropic phase boundary linked to high piezoelectricity and increased thermal stability in the material.
Transport and concentration of wealth: Modeling an amenities-based-theory
Authors: Hasan A. , Rodríguez N. , Wong L.
Published: May 2020

We derive a reaction–advection–diffusion equation based framework for analyzing the movement of wealth in urban environments. Gentrification is a core issue that affects many urban areas, and the dynamics of such are not fully understood. To understand the process using a few physically relevant variables, we develop an approach to model the interplay between local amenities and wealth from existing analyses of factors influencing gentrification. We conduct a linear stability analysis on model parameters that results in spatially homogeneous solutions and determine directions for parameter changes to induce instabilities. From these parameters, we determine quantities that lead to the formation of areas of wealth and amenity concentration in the long term on bounded and unbounded domains. We present a global bifurcation result in two dimensions, leading to the existence and stability of non-constant equilibrium solutions, which represents solutions with wealth and amenity hotspots. Finally, we present a theory for discerning the one-dimensional pattern formation in the transition between stability and instability and verify numerically through a weakly nonlinear analysis. The analysis provides a promising framework for further verification using publicly available geospatial data on the relevant variables.
Terahertz and mid-infrared spectroscopy of matrix-isolated clusters and matrix-sublimation ice of D2O
Authors: Yamakawa Koichiro , Nasu Hirokazu , Suzuki Natsumi , Shimizu Genki , Arakawa Ichiro
Published: May 2020

We have established an apparatus for terahertz and mid-infrared spectroscopy in an ultrahigh vacuum and have measured absorption spectra of D2O clusters trapped in solid Ar. To assign terahertz absorption peaks due to the D2O dimer, trimer, and tetramer, the dependence of the spectrum on the annealing temperature and D2O dilution was analyzed. The assignment was also examined by ab initio calculations with the use of the “our own N-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics” method, where the flexibility of surrounding Ar atoms was systematically incorporated. We identified all the intermolecular fundamentals of the dimer and those with significant intensities of the trimer and tetramer, whose structural symmetries were revealed to be broken down. After isolating the D2O clusters in solid Ar, we sublimated only Ar atoms to leave behind matrix-sublimation ice, which was found to be amorphous- or crystal-like depending on the formation conditions: the dilution and sublimation temperature. The crystallinity of matrix-sublimation ice was determined by decomposing its terahertz spectrum into the spectra of amorphous and crystalline ices. Since the crystallinity got higher by raising the dilution and sublimation temperature, the diffusion of the D2O monomer on the surface of sublimating solid Ar was found to be crucial to the crystallization of the sublimation ice.
Vortex trapping and separation of particles in shear thinning fluids
Authors: Raihan Mahmud Kamal , Li Di , Kummetz Adam J. , Song Le , Yu Liandong , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: May 2020

Both enrichment and isolation of target particles from heterogeneous biological or chemical fluid samples are necessary steps in numerous particle-based analyses. We demonstrate, in this work, a vortex-based passive trapping and separation (by size) of particles in the flow of strongly shear thinning xanthan gum solution through a cavity microchannel. Our method utilizes the size-dependent fluid rheology- and inertia-induced lift forces that first align larger particles along the sidewalls of the straight uniform channel section and then drive them toward the microscale vortices developed inside the cavity because of the fluid shear thinning effect. It works effectively at the Reynolds number that is one order of magnitude smaller than the reported inertial vortex trapping for similar-sized particles. Our proposed particle trapping and sorting method in shear thinning fluids will be useful for applications processing medium-volume samples, which may fill the gap between the high-throughput inertial vortex-based passive technique and the usually low-throughput external force-based active techniques.
The third type of chaos in a system of two adaptively coupled phase oscillators
Authors: Emelianova Anastasiia A. , Nekorkin Vladimir I.
Published: May 2020

We study a new type of attractor, the so-called reversible core, which is a mathematical image of mixed dynamics, in a strongly dissipative time-irreversible system of two adaptively coupled phase oscillators. The existence of mixed dynamics in this system was proved in our previous article [A. A. Emelianova and V. I. Nekorkin, Chaos 29, 111102 (2019)]. In this paper, we attempt to identify the dynamic mechanisms underlying the existence of mixed dynamics. We give the region of the existence of mixed dynamics on the parameter plane and demonstrate in what way, when a type of attractor changes, its main characteristics, such as its fractal dimension and the sum of Lyapunov exponents, transform. We demonstrate that when mixed dynamics appear in the system, the average frequencies of the oscillations in forward and reverse time begin to almost coincide, and its spectra gradually approach each other with an increase in the parameter responsible for the presence of mixed dynamics.
Genetic viability of a reintroduced population of south-western common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus), Western Australia
Authors: Semple Lara , Ottewell Kym , Sims Colleen , Simianer Henner , Byrne Margaret
Published: May 2020

This study focused on a reintroduced population of south-western common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus) to assess genetic variability and inform future management strategies. Individuals were translocated to Matuwa Kurarra-Kurarra Indigenous Protected Area, Western Australia, from four source populations, but subsequent monitoring has indicated a 50% reduction in population size from original founder numbers in the eight years since establishment. Tissue samples from three of the four source populations and an additional four comparative sites (n=140 animals total) were analysed using 13 microsatellite loci. Inbreeding was lower and heterozygosity was higher in the translocated Matuwa population than in two of the source populations studied, highlighting the benefits of promoting outbreeding through the use of multiple source populations in translocations. However, allelic richness at Matuwa is low relative to two of the source populations, suggesting the impact of population bottlenecks on genetic diversity, which was supported by significant allele frequency mode shift and Wilcoxon rank sign test for heterozygosity excess tests for genetic bottlenecks. Despite the genetic health of the population being stronger than predicted, this population is still at risk due to environmental factors, small size and fragmentation. This is the first study to document patterns of genetic diversity and to highlight issues with translocation for this subspecies and adds to the limited literature illustrating how outbreeding can be used for conservation purposes.