bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of anemia in patients undergoing PCI with Impella-support: insights from the PROTECT III study
Authors: Falah Batla , Redfors Björn , Zhao Duzhi , Bharadwaj Aditya S. , Basir Mir Babar , Thompson Julia B. , Patel Rajan A. G. , Schonning Michael J. , Abu-Much Arsalan , Zhang Yiran , Batchelor Wayne B. , Grines Cindy L. , O’Neill William W.
Published: July 2024

Background

Anemia is prevalent among patients with cardiovascular disease and is associated with adverse outcomes. However, data regarding the impact of anemia in high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HRPCI) are limited.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anemia in patients undergoing Impella-supported HRPCI in the PROTECT III study.

Methods

Patients undergoing Impella-supported HRPCI in the multicenter PROTECT III study were assessed for anemia based on baseline hemoglobin levels according to World Health Organization criteria. Patients were stratified into three groups, namely, no anemia, mild anemia, and moderate or severe anemia. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE: all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and repeat revascularization) at 30 and 90 days, and major bleeding events were compared across groups.

Results

Of 1,071 patients with baseline hemoglobin data, 37.9% had no anemia, 43.4% had mild anemia, and 18.7% had moderate or severe anemia. Anemic patients were older and more likely to have comorbidities. Anemia was associated with higher MACCE rates at 30 days (moderate to severe, 12.3%; mild, 9.8%; no anemia, 5.4%; p = 0.02) and at 90 days (moderate to severe, 18.7%; mild, 14.6%; none, 8.3%; p = 0.004). These differences persisted after adjustment for potential confounders at 30 and 90 days, and sensitivity analysis excluding dialysis showed similar results. Major bleeding at 30 days was also higher in anemic patients (5.5% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Baseline anemia in Impella-supported HRPCI is common and independently associated with MACCE and major bleeding, emphasizing its significance as a prognostic factor. Specific management strategies to reduce anemia-associated MACCE risk after HRPCI should be examined.

Clinical Trial Information

Trial Name: The Global cVAD Study (cVAD)

ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04136392

URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04136392?term=cvad&draw=2&rank=2
A novel view of the destruction of Pompeii during the 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius (Italy): syn-eruptive earthquakes as an additional cause of building collapse and deaths
Authors: Sparice Domenico , Amoretti Valeria , Galadini Fabrizio , Di Vito Mauro A. , Terracciano Antonella , Scarpati Giuseppe , Zuchtriegel Gabriel
Published: July 2024

The ancient city of Pompeii, destroyed by the 79 CE Plinian eruption of Vesuvius, is one of the most famous archaeological sites worldwide and an open-air laboratory for many disciplines. The destruction of Pompeii has so far been reconstructed in terms of a succession of volcanic phenomena and related effects, identified as the accumulation of pumice lapilli on roofs and dynamic pressure exerted by pyroclastic currents on buildings, and neglecting the potential effects of the syn-eruptive seismicity, the occurrence of which is beautifully described by an erudite eyewitness to the catastrophe, Pliny the Younger. During a recent excavation in the Insula dei Casti Amanti, in the central part of Pompeii, the peculiar evidence of building collapses, that overwhelmed two individuals, has been uncovered. The multidisciplinary investigation, involving archaeology, volcanology, and anthropology, gathered information on the construction technique of the masonry structures, the volcanological stratigraphy, the traumatic pattern of bone fractures of the skeletons, along with the detection of the wall displacements, that led to archaeoseismological considerations. The merging of the data has highlighted the need of an updated perspective in the assessment of the damage at Pompeii during the 79 CE eruption, by considering the syn-eruptive seismicity as a factor contributing to the destruction of the city and death of the inhabitants. By comparing the attitude and characteristics of different types of damage, and after ruling out any other possible damaging event, our conclusions point to the occurrence of syn-eruptive earthquake-induced failures of masonry structures. The structural collapses, based on our stratigraphic and volcanological data, are chronologically consistent with the beginning of the caldera-forming phase of the eruption which was accompanied by strong seismic shocks. The crush injuries of the skeletons of the two individuals are consistent with severe compression traumas and analogous to those shown by individuals involved in modern earthquakes testifying that, apart from other volcanic phenomena, the effects of syn-eruptive seismicity may be relevant. These outcomes lay the foundation for a more extensive study concerning the assessment of the contribution of the syn-eruptive seismic destruction at Pompeii and open new perspectives for volcanological, archaeoseismological and paleopathological studies.
The osteocytic actions of glucocorticoids on bone mass, mechanical properties, or perilacunar remodeling outcomes are not rescued by PTH(1-34)
Authors: Yee Cristal S. , Meliadis Christoforos , Kaya Serra , Chang Wenhan , Alliston Tamara
Published: July 2024

Glucocorticoids (GC) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are widely used therapeutic endocrine hormones where their effects on bone and joint arise from actions on multiple skeletal cell types. In osteocytes, GC and PTH exert opposing effects on perilacunar canalicular remodeling (PLR). Suppressed PLR can impair bone quality and joint homeostasis, including in GC-induced osteonecrosis. However, combined effects of GC and PTH on PLR are unknown. Given the untapped potential to target osteocytes to improve skeletal health, this study sought to test the feasibility of therapeutically mitigating PLR suppression. Focusing on subchondral bone and joint homeostasis, we hypothesize that PTH(1-34), a PLR agonist, could rescue GC-suppressed PLR. The skeletal effects of GC and PTH(1-34), alone or combined, were examined in male and female mice by micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, histology, and gene expression analysis. For each outcome, females were more responsive to GC and PTH(1-34) than males. GC and PTH(1-34) exerted regional differences, with GC increasing trabecular bone volume but reducing cortical bone thickness, stiffness, and ultimate force. Despite PTH(1-34)’s anabolic effects on trabecular bone, it did not rescue GC’s catabolic effects on cortical bone. Likewise, cartilage integrity and subchondral bone apoptosis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and osteocyte lacunocanalicular networks showed no evidence that PTH(1-34) could offset GC-dependent effects. Rather, GC and PTH(1-34) each increased cortical bone gene expression implicated in bone resorption by osteoclasts and osteocytes, including Acp5, Mmp13, Atp6v0d2, Ctsk, differences maintained when GC and PTH(1-34) were combined. Since PTH(1-34) is insufficient to rescue GC’s effects on young female mouse bone, future studies are needed to determine if osteocyte PLR suppression, due to GC, aging, or other factors, can be offset by a PLR agonist.
Comparison of clinical outcomes and perinatal outcomes between natural cycle and hormone replacement therapy of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with regular menstruation: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Sun Lin , Yin Beining , Yao Zhiyi , Zhang Congli , Li Jinyu , Li Sichen , Cui Yueyue , Wang Fang , Dai Wei , Bu Zhiqin , Zhang Yile
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To investigate potential differences in pregnancy outcomes among patients with regular menstruation who underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer using natural cycle (NC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed 2672 patients with regular menstruation who underwent FET from November 2015 to June 2021 at the single reproductive medical center. A one-to-one match was performed applying a 0.02 caliper with propensity score matching. Independent factors influencing the live birth and clinical pregnancy rates were screened and developed in the nomogram by logistic regression analysis. The efficacy of live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate prediction models was assessed with the area under the ROC curve, and the live birth rate prediction model was internally validated within the bootstrap method.

Results

The NC protocol outperformed the HRT protocol in terms of clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. The stratified analysis revealed consistently higher live birth and clinical pregnancy rates with the NC protocol across different variable strata compared to the HRT protocol. However, compared to the HRT treatment, perinatal outcomes indicated that the NC protocol was related to a higher probability of gestational diabetes. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis demonstrated independent risk factors for live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate. To predict the two rates, nomogram prediction models were constructed based on these influencing factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated moderate predictive ability with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.646 and 0.656 respectively. The internal validation of the model for live birth rate yielded an average AUC of 0.646 implying the stability of the nomogram model.

Conclusion

This study highlighted that NC yielded higher live birth and clinical pregnancy rates in comparison to HRT in women with regular menstruation who achieved successful pregnancies through frozen-thawed embryo transfer. However, it might incur a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes.
Impact of sex and hypoxia on brain region-specific expression of membrane androgen receptor AR45 in rats
Authors: Bradshaw Jessica L. , Wilson E. Nicole , Mabry Steve , Shrestha Pawan , Gardner Jennifer J. , Cunningham Rebecca L.
Published: July 2024

Background

Sex differences in oxidative stress-associated cognitive decline are influenced by sex hormone levels. Notably, oxidative stress-associated neuronal cell death can be exacerbated through testosterone signaling via membrane androgen receptor AR45, which is complexed with G protein Gαq within plasma membrane-associated lipid rafts. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of sex on the expression of AR45 and Gαq in brain regions associated with cognitive function, specifically hippocampus subregions and entorhinal cortex. Additionally, we investigated whether chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), an oxidative stressor with sex-specific effects, would modulate AR45 and Gαq expression in these brain regions.

Methods

Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CIH or normoxia (room air) during their sleep phase for 14 days. We quantified AR45 and Gαq protein expression in various cognition-associated brain regions [dorsal hippocampal CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), and entorhinal cortex (ETC)] via western blotting. For comparisons, AR45 and Gαq protein expression were also assessed in brain regions outside the hippocampal-ETC circuit [thalamus (TH) and striatum (STR)].

Results

The highest AR45 levels were expressed in the hippocampal CA1 and DG while the lowest expression was observed in the extrahippocampal STR. The highest Gαq levels were expressed in the hippocampal-associated ETC while the lowest expression was observed in the extrahippocampal TH. Females expressed higher levels of AR45 in the hippocampal DG compared to males, while no sex differences in Gαq expression were observed regardless of brain region assessed. Moreover, there was no effect of CIH on AR45 or Gαq expression in any of the brain regions examined. AR45 expression was positively correlated with Gαq expression in the CA1, DG, ETC, TH, and STR in a sex-dependent manner.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal enrichment of AR45 and Gαq protein expression within the hippocampal-ETC circuit, which is vulnerable to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration during cognitive decline. Nonetheless, CIH does not modulate the expression of AR45 or Gαq. Importantly, there are sex differences in AR45 expression and its association with Gαq expression in various brain regions, which may underlie sex-specific differences in cognitive and motor function-associated declines with aging.
Coordinated energy storage and network expansion planning considering the trustworthiness of demand-side response
Authors: Feng Peiyun , Chen Chong , Wang Lin
Published: July 2024

The enhancement of economic sustainability and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are becoming more relevant in power system planning. Thus, renewable energy sources (RESs) have been widely used as clean energy for their lower generation costs and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the strong random uncertainties from both the demand and generation sides make planning an economic, reliable, and ecological power system more complicated. Thus, this paper considers a variety of resources and technologies and presents a coordinated planning model including energy storage systems (ESSs) and grid network expansion, considering the trustworthiness of demand-side response (DR). First, the size of a single ESS was considered as its size has a close effect on maintenance costs and ultimately affects the total operating cost of the system. Second, it evaluates the influence of the trustworthiness of DR. Third, multiple resources and technologies were included in this high-penetration renewable energy integrated power system, such as ESSs, networks, DR technology, and GHG reduction technology. Finally, this model optimizes the decision variables such as the single size and location of ESSs and the operation parameters such as thermal generation costs, loss load costs, renewable energy curtailment costs, and GHG emission costs. Since the problem scale is very large not only due to the presence of various devices but also both binary and continuous variables considered simultaneously, we reformulate this model by decomposition. Then, we transform it into a master problem (MP) and a dual sub-problem (SP). Finally, the proposed method is applied to a modified IEEE 24-bus test system. The results show computational effectiveness and provide a helpful method in planning low-carbon electricity power systems.
Investigating the role of gut microbiome in the association between ambient air pollution and type-2 diabetes mellitus: a causal inference approach using review of evidence to date
Authors: Mandal Siddhartha , Kuriakose Steena , Shridhar Krithiga
Published: July 2024

Pollutants in ambient air have been linked with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low as well as high pollution scenarios. Mechanisms of action include disruption of endothelial function, imbalance in the autonomic nervous system and direct translocation. Although reductions in exposure to ambient air pollution (AP) could translate to meaningful clinical and public health benefits, policy changes targeting AP are usually at the population level, multisectoral, and time consuming. The human gut microbiome (GM) is an ecosystem within individuals which has been linked with health in both beneficial and detrimental ways. During the last decade, mechanistic and epidemiological research on GM suggests altered microbial diversity and differential composition influencing T2DM through inflammation, metabolites, and microbial functions. This offers a scope to design individual level interventions to target AP related T2DM through GM. In this paper, we presented a combination approach of evidence synthesis by literature review and application of causal inference framework to investigate the role of GM in the association of AP and T2DM, to help design epidemiological studies and direct data analysis. We formulated Directed Acyclic Graphs with methodological considerations for mediatory, interacting, or effect modification role of GM in the association of AP and T2DM. Additionally, we considered the emerging links between gut and oral microbiome, the different T2DM disease patterns in South Asia, and unique co-exposures in these settings (for example, indoor air pollution).
Human–wildlife conflict patterns and hotspot prediction in the southern foothills of the Daba Mountains, China
Authors: Wu Qiang , Dai Yunchuan , Sun Qiaoyun
Published: July 2024

The Daba Mountain area is recognized as one of the global biodiversity hotspots. In recent years, human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) in this region have intensified significantly. Understanding and mitigating the damage caused by wildlife is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and enhancing public welfare. We analyzed the current status of HWCs in the southern foothills of the Daba Mountains through semi-structured interviews and field surveys. Additionally, using the collected data on HWC occurrences, we predicted HWC hotspots using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The results: (1) A total of 449 cases of actual HWC incidents were investigated, primarily involving wild boars (Sus scrofa; 81.96%) and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus; 18.04%). The main types of HWC included crop destruction and attacks on beehives. (2) Incidents of damage caused by wild boars and Asiatic black bears were concentrated in the summer months, particularly from June to August. (3) In the study area, 21 out of 25 townships reported HWC cases. Notably, the townships of Fuxing, Gaoyan and Gaoguan were identified as the most affected, with Gaoyan and Fuxing experiencing the highest amounts of loss. (4) The variable of DTP (Distance to Protected Area) was found to have the greatest influence on the hotspot distributions of HWCs. The hotspot zone exhibited a strip-like distribution along the northwest–southeast axis in the central part of the study area. The total area of the HWC hotspots was 1352.56 km2. The largest hotspot areas were located in Xiuqi Town, Gaoyan Town, and Houping Township, accounting for 13.26%, 12.01%, and 7.83% of the total hotspot area, respectively. HWC hotspots require robust management measures to mitigate wildlife damage to local communities and enhance indigenous people’s engagement in wildlife conservation. Implementation of physical measures and compensation schemes may be necessary in these hotspots to alleviate the financial burden on indigenous populations. Our findings may provide valuable insights for the future formulation of biodiversity conservation policies and HWC mitigation strategies in the Daba Mountains.
Prenatal diagnosis of dicentric chromosome X mosaicism: a case report and review
Authors: Wang Rong Hua , Wu Ke , Hu Xiao Ling
Published: July 2024

A dicentric chromosome is an abnormal chromosome with two centromeres on the same chromosome. It has been reported that dicentric chromosomes are specific biomarkers of radiation exposure, but dicentric chromosomes are rarely identified in newborns with multiple congenital anomalies. At 16 weeks of gestation, a 39-year-old pregnant woman (gravida 2, para 1) was referred to the prenatal diagnosis center for genetic counseling. The fetal ultrasonography indicated multiple anomalies. Subsequently, amniocentesis was performed, and the G-banding karyotype analysis showed a rare type of mosaicism. The C-banding karyotype analysis indicated a pseudo-dicentric chromosome X [psu dic (X; 18) (p11.2; p11.2)]. A single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) revealed three pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs). After genetic counseling, the parents chose to terminate this pregnancy. This study provides new evidence for a better understanding of the diagnosis of dicentric chromosomes and emphasizes on the importance of genetic counseling.
Discovery of candidate genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways related to peach bud cold resistance
Authors: Xia Wenqian , Yang Yupeng , Zhang Chenguang , Liu Chunsheng , Xiao Kun , Xiao Xiao , Wu Junkai , Shen Yanhong , Zhang Libin , Su Kai
Published: July 2024

Background: Low temperature pose significant challenges to peach cultivation, causing severe damage to peach buds and restricting production and distribution. Ethylene, an important phytohormone, plays a critical role in enhancing plant cold resistance. Structural genes and transcription factors involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways are associated with cold resistance. However, no research has specifically addressed their roles in peach cold resistance.

Methods: In this study, we aimed for cold-resistance gene discovery in cold-sensitive peach cultivar “21Shiji” (21SJ) and cold-resistance cultivar “Shijizhixing” (SJZX) using RNA-seq and gas chromatography.

Results: The findings revealed that under cold stress conditions, ethylene biosynthesis in “SJZX” was significantly induced. Subsequently, a structural gene, PpACO1-1, involved in ethylene biosynthesis in peach buds was significantly upregulated and showed a higher correlation with ethylene release rate. To identify potential transcription factors associated with PpACO1-1 expression and ethylene signal transduction, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted using RNA-seq data. Four transcription factors: PpERF2, PpNAC078, PpWRKY65 and PpbHLH112, were identified.

Conclusion: These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of peach cold resistance and guiding breeding strategies.
Mathematical models of TCR initial triggering
Authors: Shi Jiawei , Yin Weiwei , Chen Wei
Published: July 2024

T cell receptors (TCRs) play crucial roles in regulating T cell response by rapidly and accurately recognizing foreign and non-self antigens. The process involves multiple molecules and regulatory mechanisms, forming a complex network to achieve effective antigen recognition. Mathematical modeling techniques can help unravel the intricate network of TCR signaling and identify key regulators that govern it. In this review, we introduce and briefly discuss relevant mathematical models of TCR initial triggering, with a focus on kinetic proofreading (KPR) models with different modified structures. We compare the topology structures, biological hypotheses, parameter choices, and simulation performance of each model, and summarize the advantages and limitations of them. Further studies on TCR modeling design, aiming for an optimized balance of specificity and sensitivity, are expected to contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Hepatic macrophage niche: a bridge between HBV-mediated metabolic changes with intrahepatic inflammation
Authors: Wang Jun , Lu Hongzhou , Li Qian
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a stealthy and insidious pathogen capable of inducing chronic necro-inflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resulting in over one million deaths worldwide per year. The traditional understanding of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) progression has focused on the complex interplay among ongoing virus replication, aberrant immune responses, and liver pathogenesis. However, the dynamic progression and crucial factors involved in the transition from HBV infection to immune activation and intrahepatic inflammation remain elusive. Recent insights have illuminated HBV’s exploitation of the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) and manipulation of the cholesterol transport system shared between macrophages and hepatocytes for viral entry. These discoveries deepen our understanding of HBV as a virus that hijacks hepatocyte metabolism. Moreover, hepatic niche macrophages exhibit significant phenotypic and functional diversity, zonal characteristics, and play essential roles, either in maintaining liver homeostasis or contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. Therefore, we underscore recent revelations concerning the importance of hepatic niche macrophages in the context of viral hepatitis. This review particularly emphasizes the significant role of HBV-induced metabolic changes in hepatic macrophages as a key factor in the transition from viral infection to immune activation, ultimately culminating in liver inflammation. These metabolic alterations in hepatic macrophages offer promising targets for therapeutic interventions and serve as valuable early warning indicators, shedding light on the disease progression.
Exploring the role of granzyme B in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Gill Karanvir , Yoo Hyung-Suk , Chakravarthy Harshini , Granville David J. , Matsubara Joanne A.
Published: July 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a prevalent and progressive degenerative disease of the macula, is the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals in developed countries. The advanced stages include neovascular AMD (nAMD), characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), leading to subretinal fibrosis and permanent vision loss. Despite the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in stabilizing or improving vision in nAMD, the development of subretinal fibrosis following CNV remains a significant concern. In this review, we explore multifaceted aspects of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, focusing on its clinical manifestations, risk factors, and underlying pathophysiology. We also outline the potential sources of myofibroblast precursors and inflammatory mechanisms underlying their recruitment and transdifferentiation. Special attention is given to the potential role of mast cells in CNV and subretinal fibrosis, with a focus on putative mast cell mediators, tryptase and granzyme B. We summarize our findings on the role of GzmB in CNV and speculate how GzmB may be involved in the pathological transition from CNV to subretinal fibrosis in nAMD. Finally, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of animal models of subretinal fibrosis and pinpoint potential therapeutic targets for subretinal fibrosis.
Presence of sputum IgG against eosinophilic inflammatory proteins in asthma
Authors: Qin Rundong , Long Fei , Zhang Pingan , Huang Renbin , Hu Hao , Guo Yubiao , Zheng Zhenyu , Xiao Jing , He Li , Peng Tao , Li Jing
Published: July 2024

Background

Sputum immunoglobulin G (Sp-IgG) has been discovered to induce cytolytic extracellular trap cell death in eosinophils, suggesting a potential autoimmune mechanism contributing to asthma. This study aimed to explore the potential origin of Sp-IgG and identify clinically relevant subtypes of Sp-IgG that may indicate autoimmune events in asthma.

Methods

This study included 165 asthmatic patients and 38 healthy volunteers. We measured Sp-IgG and its five subtypes against eosinophil inflammatory proteins (Sp-IgGEPs), including eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil major basic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, eosinophil cationic protein, and Charcot-Leyden Crystal protein in varying asthma severity. Clinical and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted. A positive Sp-IgGEPs signature (Sp-IgGEPs+) was defined when any of the five Sp-IgGEPs values exceeded the predefined cutoff thresholds, calculated as the mean values of healthy controls plus twice the standard deviation.

Results

The levels of Sp-IgG and Sp-IgGEPs were significantly elevated in moderate/severe asthma than those in mild asthma/healthy groups (all p < 0.05). Sp-IgG levels were positively correlated with airway eosinophil and Sp-IgGEPs. MR analysis showed causality between eosinophil and IgG (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.00-1.04, p = 0.020), and elevated IgG was a risk factor for asthma (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.00-4.17, p = 0.049). Subjects with Sp-IgGEPs+ exhibited worse disease severity and served as an independent risk factor contributing to severe asthma (adjusted-OR = 5.818, adjusted-95% CI = 2.193-15.431, adjusted-p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of Sp-IgGEPs+ with non-allergic status, an ACT score < 15, and age ≥ 45 years, effectively predicted severe asthma (AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 86.20%, specificity = 67.80%).

Conclusion

This study identifies a significant association between airway eosinophilic inflammation, Sp-IgG, and asthma severity. The Sp-IgGEPs panel potentially serves as the specific biomarker reflecting airway autoimmune events in asthma.
Sedimentary biogeochemical gradients across the Sunda Shelf in the South China Sea and correlations with satellite observations
Authors: Zhang Yuanfang , Deng Lin , Ge Zaiming , Guo Lin , Li Qian P.
Published: July 2024

The sediment biogeochemistry of phosphorus (P) and biogenic silica (BSi) in the southern South China Sea shelf (SSCS) is inadequate understood. Here, we examine the spatial distributions of P species and BSi in surface sediments across the Sunda Shelf and explore their relationships with satellite data of sea surface chlorophyll-a (Chla), suspended particulate matter (SPM), particulate organic carbon, particulate inorganic carbon, primary production (PP), and phytoplankton functional types. The total sediment P (TSP), in the range from 283.94 to 579.94 μg/g dry sediment, was dominated by inorganic P with higher levels in stations outside the Lupar and Saribas estuaries. The TSP was composed of seven different P species including Ca-IP and Ca-OP (58%), Detr-P (15%), Exch-P (11%), Fe-IP (10%), Ref-P (4%) and Ads-IP (2%) based on a sequential extraction method. The concentrations of various sediment P species were found significantly correlated with satellite climatological SPM, diatom biomass, and monthly climatological pico-PP revealing the importance of biological production for the sediment P storage, whereas the sediment BSi concentration showed no correlations with any of the above satellite products. An elevated R2 value in the regression of BSi with the in-situ depth-integrated Chla points to the need of developing satellite algorithms with vertical profiles from space. Finally, we argue that future studies of the SSCS sediment biogeochemistry may be benefited from data of hyperspectral and geostationary satellites.
Association between α-klotho levels and adults with COPD in the United States
Authors: Yan Dan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is accompanied by increased inflammation, persistent lung function decline, and extensive lung injury. Klotho, a well-known antiaging protein, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the effects of klotho on COPD have yet to be thoroughly elucidated. This study examined the association among COPD adults and their α-klotho level.

Patients and methods

Data were collected from the 2007 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 676 participants were analyzed and divided into COPD (n = 403) and non-COPD (n = 273) groups. The two groups were compared with respect to clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis and a generalized additive model were used to estimate the association between COPD incidence and serum α-klotho concentration. All COPD participants were stratified according to the levels of α-klotho (Q1: <687 pg./mL; Q2: 687–900 pg./mL; Q3: ≥900 pg./mL), and clinical characteristics were compared.

Results

Non-COPD individuals had higher α-klotho levels than did COPD individuals (863.09 ± 267.13 vs. 817.51 ± 302.20, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Q2 and Q3 layers had a lower risk of COPD than did the Q1 layer, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.73 (0.50, 0.99) for Q2 and 0.58 (0.41, 0.86) for Q3 (p < 0.001). The generalized additive model showed that the risk of COPD gradually decreased with increasing α-klotho concentration when the α-klotho concentration < 1,500 pg./mL, while the risk of COPD increased as the α-klotho concentration increased to ≥1,500 pg./mL. Compared with individuals in the Q2 or Q3 groups, individuals with COPD in the Q1 group were more likely to be current smokers, have lower levels of erythrocytes, and have higher levels of creatinine and leukocytes.

Conclusion

Increased α-klotho levels were negatively correlated with the risk of COPD in participants over 40 years old with α-klotho <1,500 pg./mL. When α-klotho was ≥1,500 pg./mL, the risk of COPD increased as α-klotho levels increased. Pulmonary ventilation function and the number of hemocytes differed among COPD patients with different levels of α-klotho.
Identification of prognostic RNA editing profiles for clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Weihong , Li Shaobin , Huang Dongqin , Su Yuchao , Wang Jing , Liang Zhiru
Published: July 2024

Objective

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cancer and currently lacks effective biomarkers. This research aims to analyze and identify RNA editing profile associated with ccRCC prognosis through bioinformatics and in vitro experiments.

Methods

Transcriptome data and clinical information for ccRCC were retrieved from the TCGA database, and RNA editing files were obtained from the Synapse database. Prognostic models were screened, developed, and assessed using consistency index analysis and independent prognostic analysis, etc. Internal validation models were also constructed for further evaluation. Differential genes were investigated using GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analyses. Furthermore, qPCR was performed to determine gene expression in human renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 and ccRCC cells A-498, 786-O, and Caki-2.

Results

An RNA editing-based risk score, that effectively distinguishes between high and low-risk populations, has been identified. It includes CHD3| chr17:7815229, MYO19| chr17:34853704, OIP5-AS1| chr15:41590962, MRI1| chr19:13883962, GBP4| chr1:89649327, APOL1| chr22:36662830, FCF1| chr14:75203040 edited sites or genes and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. qPCR results showed significant up-regulation of CHD3, MYO19, MRI1, APOL1, and FCF1 in A-498, 786-O, and Caki-2 cells, while the expression of OIP5-AS1 and GBP4 was significantly down-regulated.

Conclusion

RNA editing site-based prognostic models are valuable in differentiating between high and low-risk populations. The seven identified RNA editing sites may be utilized as potential biomarkers for ccRCC.
Measure of the prediction capability of EEG features for depth of anesthesia in pigs
Authors: Caillet Benjamin , Maître Gilbert , Mirra Alessandro , Levionnois Olivier L. , Simalatsar Alena
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In the medical and veterinary fields, understanding the significance of physiological signals for assessing patient state, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes is paramount. There are, in the domain of machine learning (ML), very many methods capable of performing automatic feature selection. We here explore how such methods can be applied to select features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to allow the prediction of depth of anesthesia (DoA) in pigs receiving propofol.

Methods: We evaluated numerous ML methods and observed that these algorithms can be classified into groups based on similarities in selected feature sets explainable by the mathematical bases behind those approaches. We limit our discussion to the group of methods that have at their core the computation of variances, such as Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations, principal component analysis (PCA), and ReliefF algorithms.

Results: Our analysis has shown that from an extensive list of time and frequency domain EEG features, the best predictors of DoA were spectral power (SP), and its density ratio applied specifically to high-frequency intervals (beta and gamma ranges), as well as burst suppression ratio, spectral edge frequency and entropy applied to the whole spectrum of frequencies.

Discussion: We have also observed that data resolution plays an essential role not only in feature importance but may impact prediction stability. Therefore, when selecting the SP features, one might prioritize SP features over spectral bands larger than 1 Hz, especially for frequencies above 14 Hz.
Structure and function of rhizosphere soil microbial communities associated with root rot of Knoxia roxburghii
Authors: Liu Chunju , Li Heng , Dong Jiahong , He Xiahong , Zhang Lei , Qiu Bin
Published: July 2024

The microbial communities in rhizosphere soil play important roles in plant health and crop productivity. However, the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil still remains unclear. In this study, the composition, diversity and function of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants were compared using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The Sobs (richness) and Shannon (diversity) indices of the soil microbial communities were higher in the rhizospheres of 2- and 3-year-old susceptible plants than in those of the healthy plants. With the increase in planting time, the numbers of fungi tended to decrease, while those of the bacteria tended to increase. Fungal diversity could be used as a biological indicator to measure the health of Knoxia roxburghii. The microbial composition and differential analyses revealed that the rhizosphere soil infested with fungi had a higher relative abundance at the phylum level in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while the bacteria had a higher relative abundance of Chloroflexi and a lower relative abundance of Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, the rhizosphere soil infested with fungi had relatively more abundant unclassified_f__Didymellaceae and Solicoccozyma and relatively less abundant Saitozyma and Penicillium. The bacterial genus norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae was the most abundant, while Arthrobacter was less abundant. In addition, the abundance of Fusarium in the fungal community varied (p = 0.001). It tended to increase in parallel with the planting years. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the change in the community composition of Fusarium may be the primary reason for the occurrence of root rot in K. roxburghii, and the change in the abundance of Fusarium OTU1450 may be an indication of the occurrence of root rot in this species. The community function and prediction analyses showed that the pathogenic fungi increased with the increase in planting years. In general, soil fungi can be roughly divided into three types, including pathotrophs, symbiotrophs, and saprotrophs. An analysis of the differences in the prediction of different rhizosphere functions showed that D and L were significantly different in the COG enrichment pathway of the K. roxburghii rhizosphere bacteria (p < 0.05). The soil physical and chemical properties, including the pH, AK, total potassium (TK), and catalase (S_CAT), had the most significant effect on the soil fungal community, and most of the soil physical and chemical properties significantly correlated with the bacterial community. This study demonstrated that the occurrence of root rot had an important effect on the diversity, structure and composition of microbial communities. In addition, the results will provide a theoretical basis to prevent and control root rot in K. roxburghii.
Neuron-specific enolase as a prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapies
Authors: Freitas Tiago Esteves , Costa Ana Isabel , Neves Leonor , Barros Carolina , Martins Mariana , Freitas Pedro , Noronha Duarte , Freitas Patrício , Faria Teresa , Borges Sofia , Freitas Sónia , Henriques Eva , Sousa Ana Célia
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Ischemic stroke is a significant global health concern, with reperfusion therapies playing a vital role in patient management. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for assessing stroke severity and prognosis, however, the role of NSE in predicting long-term outcomes in patients undergoing reperfusion therapies is still scarce.

Aim

To investigate the association between serum NSE levels at admission and 48 h after reperfusion therapies, and functional outcomes at 90 days in ischemic stroke patients.

Methods

This study conducted a prospective cross-sectional analysis on consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing intravenous fibrinolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days post-stroke and two groups were defined according to having unfavorable (mRS3-6) or favorable (mRS0-2) outcome. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were collected, including NSE levels at admission and 48 h. Spearman’s coefficient evaluated the correlation between analyzed variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify which variables were independently associated with unfavorable outcome. Two ROC curves determined the cut-off points for NSE at admission and 48 h, being compared by Delong test.

Results

Analysis of 79 patients undergoing reperfusion treatment following acute stroke revealed that patients with mRS 3–6 had higher NIHSS at admission (p < 0.0001), higher NIHSS at 24 h (p < 0.0001), and higher NSE levels at 48 h (p = 0.008) when compared to those with mRS 0–2. Optimal cut-off values for NSE0 (>14.2 ng/mL) and NSE48h (>26.3 ng/mL) were identified, showing associations with worse clinical outcomes. Adjusted analyses demonstrated that patients with NSE48h > 26.3 ng/mL had a 13.5 times higher risk of unfavorable outcome, while each unit increase in NIHSS24h score was associated with a 22% increase in unfavorable outcome. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated similar predictive abilities of NSE levels at admission and 48 h (p = 0.298). Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between NSE48h levels and mRS at 90 days (r = 0.400 and p < 0.0001), suggesting that higher NSE levels indicate worse neurological disability post-stroke.

Conclusion

Serum NSE levels at 48 h post-reperfusion therapies are associated with functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients, serving as potential tool for patient long-term prognosis.
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation can modulate fronto-parietal brain networks
Authors: Han Sang-Yoon , Shim Leeseul , Lee Hyo-Jeong , Park Moo Kyun
Published: July 2024

Objective

Recent studies have shown that transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) holds promise as a treatment for neurological or psychiatric disease through the ability to modulate neural activity in some brain regions without an invasive procedure. The objective of this study was to identify the neural correlates underlying the effects of tVNS.

Methods

Twenty right-handed healthy subjects with normal hearing participated in this study. An auricle-applied tVNS device (Soricle, Neurive Co., Ltd., Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea) was used to administer tVNS stimulation. A session consisted of 14 blocks, including 7 blocks of tVNS stimulation or sham stimulation and 7 blocks of rest, and lasted approximately 7 min (1 block = 30 s). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed during the stimulation.

Results

No activated regions were observed in the fMRI scans following both sham stimulation and tVNS after the first session. After the second session, tVNS activated two clusters of brain regions in the right frontal gyrus. A comparison of the activated regions after the second session of each stimulation revealed that the fMRI following tVNS exhibited four surviving clusters. Additionally, four clusters were activated in the overall stimulated area during both the first and second sessions. When comparing the fMRI results after each type of stimulation, the fMRI following tVNS showed four surviving clusters compared to the fMRI after sham stimulation.

Conclusion

tVNS could stimulate some brain regions, including the fronto-parietal network. Stimulating these regions for treating neurological or psychiatric disease might require applying tVNS for at least 3.5 min.
Potential contribution of spinal interneurons to the etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Goffin Luca , Lemoine Damien , Clotman Frédéric
Published: July 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) consists of a group of adult-onset fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons (MNs) throughout the central nervous system (CNS). At first, ALS was considered to be an MN disease, caused by cell-autonomous mechanisms acting specifically in MNs. Accordingly, data from ALS patients and ALS animal models revealed alterations in excitability in multiple neuronal populations, including MNs, which were associated with a variety of cellular perturbations such as protein aggregation, ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism defects, calcium dyshomeostasis, modified electrophysiological properties, and autophagy malfunctions. However, experimental evidence rapidly demonstrated the involvement of other types of cells, including glial cells, in the etiopathogenesis of ALS through non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Surprisingly, the contribution of pre-motor interneurons (INs), which regulate MN activity and could therefore critically modulate their excitability at the onset or during the progression of the disease, has to date been severely underestimated. In this article, we review in detail how spinal pre-motor INs are affected in ALS and their possible involvement in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
Food texture experiences across nine age groups in Indian infants from urban areas
Authors: Devezeaux de Lavergne Marine , Thielecke Frank , Antille Nicolas , Fries Lisa R. , Ross Carolyn F. , Smith-Simpson Sarah
Published: July 2024

The introduction of complementary food plays a fundamental role in dietary behaviours later in life. Little is known about the influences of age on food texture acceptance in young Indian children. Thus, the objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship between age and food texture experiences in young children aged 4–36 months in India from urban areas using a parental-reported survey. This study relies on a face-to-face parent survey, which was conducted comprising 306 children categorised into 9 age groups. Questions focussed on food texture experience considering 16 textures were analysed. Textures such as dissolvable, sticky, and soupy/liquidy were already accepted by more than half of 4–5-month-old infants. In India, soupy/liquidy is a more common base texture than pureed. Indeed, pureed was found to be introduced to a majority of infants only from 8 to 9 months onwards. Food textures such as rubbery, slippery, and foods with skin were more likely rejected by the youngest children. With increasing age, the refusal probability of food textures decreased. Our survey showed food texture experiences in Indian children aged from 4 to 36 months. It provides useful insights for parents and healthcare professionals by contributing to the understanding of texture acceptance during the transition to complementary foods.
Psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy for chronic back pain: hypothesis and trial rationale
Authors: Paschali Myrella , Thompson Garrett S. , Mehta Shivani , Howard Patricia M. , Yamin Jolin B. , Edwards Robert R. , Donnino Michael W.
Published: July 2024

Chronic pain syndromes affect over one-third of the US adult population and often lead to significant disability and a reduced quality of life. Despite their high prevalence, causal links between chronic pain syndromes and anatomic abnormalities are often not apparent. Most current chronic pain treatments provide modest, if any, relief. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand the causal mechanisms implicated in chronic pain as a means to develop more targeted interventions for improvement in clinical outcomes and reduction in morbidity and financial burden. In the present manuscript, we summarize the current literature on treatment for chronic pain, and hypothesize that non-specific chronic back pain (without a clear organic etiology, such as tumors, infections or fractures) is of psychophysiologic origin. Based on this hypothesis, we developed Psychophysiologic Symptom Relief Therapy (PSRT), a novel pain reduction intervention for understanding and treating chronic pain. In this manuscript, we provide the rationale for PSRT, which we have tested in a pilot trial with a subsequent larger randomized trial underway. In the proposed trial, we will evaluate whether non-specific chronic back pain can be treated by addressing the underlying stressors and psychological underpinnings without specific physical interventions.