bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN MICROALBUMINURIA AND ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Solanke Avinash , Dhore R B
Published: May 2020

Background: Microalbuminuria is the excretion of the albumin in minute quantity which is not detected with normal dipstick method. It is estimated to be the excretion of 30 - 300 micrograms of albumin in urine and has been called as microalbuminuria. Ischaemic stroke is defined as the acute onset in neurological deficit following sudden occlusion of blood supply to the brain tissue due to any cause. 

Aim: •    To study the correlation between microalbuminuria and other risk factors for acute ischemic stroke

Methods: As per the minimum sample sizing a total of 104 patients of Acute ischaemic stroke were studied. Among these patients, 47 patients had the presence of microalbuminuria, and the rest of the 57 had no Microalbuminuria. Since for comparison purposes, the entire study group was divided into two groups: Group A: Patients with microalbuminuria; Group B: Patients without microalbuminuria.

Results: Microalbuminuria was present in most 45.19% of the patients out of the 104 patients studied. Presence of MA was significantly correlated to the Glasgow coma scale for assessing the prognostic significance. Lower the GCS the prevalence and the values of the MA were more. There was no significant correlation between the Age and the presence of MA. There was no significant gender discrepancy with the presence of MA. There was no significant correlation between the presence of ECG changes and the presence and absence of MA. No significant correlation was withdrawn from the presence of smoking history and the presence of MA. Also, there was no significant correlations established between the lipid parameters and MA.

Conclusion: This study may serve to add the data that is already available in pertaining to the significant risk factors and other parameters. Its importance in the other systemic diseases and its behaviour has to be further studied, and its prognostic significance has to be established. In our study, we found out that the presence was around 45.19% of the entire study group. We could also infer that the Presence of MA may also serve as an important prognostic indicator for the neurological outcomes of the disease.
谈建设单位如何管理好工程项目建设工作
Authors: 方 庭兴
Published: May 2020

目前,国内的城市化建设正进入快速发展的阶段,这也给建设行业的发展带来了更多的机会和挑战。建设单位现阶段的首要任务就是要完善建设工程项目的管理工作,从而提高施工的效率与质量,并为国内建设行业的长远健康发展贡献自己的一份力量。为此,本文将对建设单位在建设工程项目管理中的策略进行简单的探究。
探究建筑工程施工进度控制管理
Authors: 王 坚
Published: May 2020

在进行建筑工程施工时,必须始终严格控制进度。因为这对工程的如期完成和控制建设成本具有非常重要的影响。此外,建筑工程的完工时间还决定了该项目能否按计划投入使用,这关系到企业的经济效益和社会声誉。所以,我国需要严格控制建筑工程的进度和管理。
探讨工程造价控制中的问题及措施
Authors: 陶 雪婷
Published: May 2020

建筑工程在实际施工中,比较容易受环境、地质或人为等因素影响,使工程造价工程管理产生波动,出现较多成本问题,不利于建筑工程经济效益的发展。因此,管理好工程造价对工程进展和公司发展具有重要意义。本文对工程造价管理中存在的问题及措施进行探讨。
港口与航道工程现状及发展探讨
Authors: 翁 立
Published: May 2020

我国幅员辽阔、水系众多、航运发达。水运经历了几千年的发展,有兴盛也有衰落,但总体仍处于向上发展的轨迹,特别是在改革开放以后,我国水运行业发展迅速,而港口与航道工程的作用也越来越显著,作为水路运输载体及与陆路运输转换的枢纽,对于水运体系的意义非凡,因此,必须充分认清当前港口与航道工程的现状,在发展建设过程中积极引进先进技术,推动港口与航道工程向着更高水平发展。本文将对港口与航道工程的现状及发展进行分析和探讨,以供参考。
Desempeño satisfactorio de la Planta de Irradiación Gamma en el ensayo de aptitud, programa INTERLAB N-DO-02
Authors: Abril Murillo Jormagn Israel , Vela Guzmán Giovanni Andrés , Moreno Machado Azarías De Jesús
Published: May 2020

La Planta de Irradiación Gamma del Servicio Geológico Colombiano, única en el país, participó en el programa Ensayo De Aptitud por Comparaciones Interlaboratorio, N-DO-02 dirigido por la División Gestión de Interlaboratorios (INTERLAB) de la Comisión de Energía Atómica de Argentina, como parte fundamental del proceso de  aseguramiento de la calidad relacionado con los procesos de irradiación y de dosimetría de rutina propios de la instalación. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios para todos los valores de dosis asignados en el ensayo de aptitud.
High-pressure synthesis and thermal expansivity investigation of carbonate solid solutions Mg1-xMnxCO3
Authors: LI RUI , LIANG WEN , HE HANQI , MENG YONG , TANG HONGFENG
Published: May 2020

Using synthesized MgCO3 and reagent-grade MnCO3 as starting materials, a series of Mg1-xMnxCO3 carbonate solid solutions were synthesized by a simple solid reaction under high-temperature-pressure conditions of 3 GPa and 800°C for 4 h. The phase compositions of as-synthesized Mg1-xMnxCO3 samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD); no impurities were observed. The lattice parameters were refined and showed a linear relationship as a function of the Mn2+ content, which is expected to be in accordance with the ideal solution model. Based on this, high- temperature XRD measurements were carried out to further study the thermal expansivity of Mg1-xMnxCO3. The axis thermal expansion coefficients (αa and αc) and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient αV for Mg1-xMnxCO3 were quantified as αa =7.41×10-6/°C, αc=2.37×10-5/°C and αV=3.86×10-5/°C for x=0.0; αa =6.67×10-6/°C, αc=2.31×10-5/°C and αV=3.67×10-5/°C for x=0.1; αa=6.61×10-6/°C, αc=2.35×10-5/°C and αV=3.59×10-5/°C for x=0.3; αa=5.91×10-6/°C, αc=2.40×10-5/°C and αV=3.58×10-5/°C for x=0.5; αa=5.47×10-6/°C, αc=2.53×10-5/°C and αV=3.61×10-5/°C for x=0.7; αa=4.76×10-6/°C, αc=2.55×10-5/°C and αV=3.52×10-5/°C for x=0.9; αa=4.18×10-6/°C, αc=2.50×10-5/°C and αV=3.35×10-5/°C for x=0.3. The thermal expansion coefficients (αa, αc and αV) can be fitted with a symmetric cubic function of the Mn2+ content as αa=7.34×10-6 -7.06×10-6x+1.21×10-5x2-8.19×10-6x3; αc=2.37×10-6-7.94×10-6x+2.57×10-5x2-1.64×105x3; αV=3.85×10-5-2.08×10-5x+4.59×10-5x2-3.01×10-5x3.
Editorial
Published: May 2020

Dear reader,
This year is full of events, anniversaries and milestones. Not only does HTHP celebrate its 50th anniversary, but also the Periodic Table of Elements has its 150th birthday. In 1869 Dimitri Mendeleyev and Lothar Meyer discovered and presented this table. In order to commemorate this breakthrough, UNESCO has declared 2019 as the “International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements”. In addition, another important event takes place in May 2019. The Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures will put into effect the new SI system of units on May 20, 2019, the “World Metrology Day”. The introduction of this new system marks a change in paradigm: the new system relates all units to fundamental constants, rather than artefacts. The most prominent example is the definition of the new kilogram, which is now linked to the Planck constant, h. Of course, all of this has an impact on thermophysical property measurements. Therefore, we have asked Dr. Matthieu Thomas from the Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais (LNE), France, to explain shortly how this new definition works and how it was implemented. Dr. Thomas is involved in the Kibble balance project of LNE, a key element in the realisation of the new kilogram. You find his article in this issue of HTHP. The editors thank Dr. Thomas for his cooperation; we hope you will enjoy reading his article as well as the rest of this issue.
Analisis Penggunaan Sumber Belajar pada Materi Ekosistem Darat di SMAN Insana Barat dan SMK St. Agustinus Kefamenanu
Authors: Masing Feliksitas Angel
Published: May 2020

This study aims to know: (1) learning resources used in the learning of terrestrial ecosystem biology material in SMAN Insana Barat School, and (2) learning resources used in the learning of terrestrial ecosystem biology material at St. Augustine                 School Kefamenanu. This research is a type of survey research. The study population was biology teachers at SMAN Insana Barat School and St.               Augustine School Kefamenanu. This research was conducted in January-March 2019. Data collection techniques used questionnaires on land ecosystem learning resources. Data analysis techniques used           qualitative descriptive statistics. The results of the study show that: (1) the learning resources used in learning Biology on terrestrial ecosystems in SMAN Insana Barat School consist of direct objects, most of which are artificial ecosystems while indirect objects are mostly presented in textbooks, textbooks, and  print modules. For learning resources in the form of E-modules and the internet and other learning resources, they have not been used by SMAN Insana Barat. This is because the availability of wifi in schools is inadequate. (2) Learning resources used in learning biology of terrestrial ecosystems at St. Augustine School Kefamenanu.consists of direct objects which are mostly in the form of artificial ecosystems while indirect objects are mostly presented in textbooks, textbooks, and printed modules. For learning resources in the form of E-modules and internet as well as other learning resources, it has not been used by the teachers and student from SMAN Insana Barat School and St. Augustine School Kefamenanu East Nusa Tenggara. This is because the availability of wifi in schools is inadequate.
Géneros de la pintura, pintura de género: hacia una nueva lectura de la pintura de castas
Authors: Alvarez de Araya Cid Guadalupe
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una estrategia interpretativa para la pintura de castas entendida como escena de género, para lo cual se ha recurrido a un análisis de los vínculos entre el horizonte retórico de la primera modernidad y la posición en la superficie pictórica que ocupan las figuras de acuerdo con las categorías aristotélicas y con los tópicos prescritos para la sátira y la comedia, en las prescripciones retóricas del Antiguo Régimen. Al concentrarse en la cuestión de la distribución de las figuras en el espacio pictórico, se observa la composición desde la alternancia de las figuras masculina-femenina e infantil en la superficie pictórica. Para ilustrar este enfoque, el artículo destaca finalmente ciertas figuras y operaciones retóricas partícipes en la serie de castas más polémica entre la crítica contemporánea, aquella elaborada por José Joaquín Magón, actualmente custodiada por el Museo de Historia Mexicana de Monterrey, México.
Durkheim's Relational Account of Social Ontology
Authors: Saunders Daniel
Published: May 2020

Secondary commentators on Emile Durkheim have interpreted his ontology in conflicting and contradictory ways. Some have claimed that he treats social entities as mysterious substances which exist over andabove individuals. Others claim he is ontologically committed to exactly nothing more than individuals. Few studies have carefully analyzed his ontological commitments in detail, and the conventional wisdom on the issue leaves much to be desired. I argue Durkheim holds neither a substance nor an individualist view of social ontology. Instead, he is committed to the reality of emergent social relations which form the proper subject matter of sociology.
Ceci N'est Pas Une Atheist
Authors: Mastragostino Emily
Published: May 2020

In The Gay Science Nietzsche famously writes that “God is dead.” Modern atheists, including “Internet Atheists,” have taken this as their epithet. I argue that the perpetuation of the statement “God is dead” contradicts the atheistic core, such that Internet Atheists parallel theists in identity construction. Insights from Nietzsche, Jean Luc Nancy, Sigmund Freud, and Christopher Hitchens allow for an exploration of the theistic underpinnings of Internet Atheists. The doctrine of Internet Atheism, as it is represented in humorous online depictions of God, suggests an inability to confront the consequences of the death of God, an inability which Nietzsche warns against in the Parable of the Madman.
Colour and The Argument from Illusion
Authors: Yetman Cameron
Published: May 2020

For A. J. Ayer, the occurrence of delusions confutes the notion that we perceive the world directly. He argues instead that perceptions are caused by immaterial “sense data” which somehow represent the properties of material things to us in our experiences. J. L. Austin systematically rejects Ayer’s claims, arguing that the occurrence of delusions does not preclude the possibility of direct perception, and that, indeed, our normal perception is direct. I challenge both philosophers’ ideas by examining how they deal with the phenomenon of colour.
A Fractal Universe and the Identity of Indiscernibles
Authors: Casarosa Matteo
Published: May 2020

The principle of Identity of Indiscernibles has been challenged with various thought experiments involving symmetric universes. In this paper, I describe a fractal universe and argue that, while it is not a symmetric universe in the classical sense, under the assumption of a relational theory of space it nonetheless contains a set of objects indiscernible by pure properties alone. I then argue that the argument against the principle from this new thought experiment resists better than those from classical symmetric universes three main objections put forth against this kind of arguments.
The Environmental Crises
Authors: Mendenhall Beth
Published: May 2020

In the face of an ensuing environmental crisis, this paper suggests that currently accepted modes of environmentalist thought have not been effective enough in enacting positive change. Anthropocentrism provides something that environmental philosophy needs – wide acceptance and public appeal. This paper argues that an environmental ethic that is weakly anthropocentric, in that it finds value in the environment via human values, can be both internally consistent and highly pragmatic. It goes on to examine some pitfalls of Deep Ecological environmental philosophy, which could be avoided if a weakly anthropocentric environmental ethic were adopted now.
A Rawlsian Revitalization of Gewirth’s Normative Structure for Action
Authors: Pons Bo Fox
Published: May 2020

Alan Gewirth’s Reason and Morality justifies certain fundamental moral principles and develops morality out of the basic structure of action. Contemporary literature exposes a critical flaw in the second stage of Gewirth’s argument contending that Gewirth fails to create agent-neutral moral claims. In order to provide a transfer of interests between agents, the solution to Gewirth’s problem, I argue that certain Rawlsian concepts buttress and are consistent with Gewirth’s argument for the normative structure of action.
Kept Down By the Man, Damn the Man
Authors: Frankel Amanda
Published: May 2020

While Feminism and Marxism each promote revolution in the name of equality, Feminist struggle is dismissed by Marxism. As workers, women face the capitalist narrative, but women’s alienation is deeper than mere Marxist alienation. Women face the additional narrative of the patriarchy. This paper seeks to show that true Marxist revolution is impossible unless it is preceded by a Feminist revolution that breaks gender and sexual stigmas.
Sexual Harassment and Objectivity
Authors: Tomasello Jenna
Published: May 2020

Sexual harassment is often understood as a subjective notion that asks the woman if she has been victimized. This paper argues that we need not ask women if they are victims by conceptualizing sexual harassment as an objective notion that holds the perpetrator accountable for his actions. In making my case, I will apply an objective conception of sexual harassment to the U.S. Supreme Court case Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson by drawing on the feminist view of sexual harassment given by Anita Superson and the role of equality and autonomy as motivated by Ronald Dworkin and James Griffin, respectively.
Bodies of Philosophy
Authors: Wolfe Esther , Grosz Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

Article published in Stance by Wolfe and Grosz
The Contemporary American Child as a Docile Consumptive Body
Authors: Cannon Camilla
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I argue that the contemporary relationship between children and advertising can be seen as illustrative of Foucault’s theory of disciplinary power and docile body production. I contend that, within the context of a consumption-based economy, an individual’s prime utility is her rate of personal consumption. Therefore, the subjection of children to ubiquitous advertising can be seen as the discipline through which the utility of personal consumption is maximized.
Multiplicidad interpretativa en las prácticas de investigación e innovación responsables en 12 países: análisis y resultados
Authors: Pansera Mario , Owen Richard
Published: May 2020

El artículo analiza el concepto de “responsabilidad” aplicado a la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI) en 12 países. A través del análisis de 23 casos, se muestra cómo la noción de “responsabilidad” y las dimensiones de “anticipación”, “inclusividad”, “reflexividad” y “capacidad de respuesta” (el llamado marco AIRR – Anticipation, Inclusivity, Reflexivity and Responsiveness) se conceptualizan en sus respectivos discursos institucionales, en las prácticas que los inspiran y en las barreras a las que han de enfrentarse. El análisis evidencia que las dimensiones AIRR se conceptualizan de manera múltiple y a menudo conflictiva. Además, el análisis muestra que el concepto de “responsabilidad” en la CTI está predominantemente enmarcado en tres meta-narrativas: a) CTI responsables para abordar los grandes desafíos de la sociedad (Grand Challenges), en particular los temas de sostenibilidad ambiental y responsabilidad social de la ciencia; b) responsabilidad entendida como integridad y excelencia en la ciencia, siendo estas respaldadas por procesos y normas establecidos por la comunidad académica; y c) CTI responsables como reacción a la pérdida de legitimidad de la ciencia frente a una creciente desilusión del público hacia las opiniones de los “expertos”.
云计算环境下的信息系统运维模式研究
Authors: 吴 伯言
Published: May 2020

在最近的几年时间里，我国科学技术得到了全面的发展，从而为云计算技术的发展创造了良好的条件，使得云计算技术逐渐的成为当前计算机领域中最为盛行的一项技术。就运营方式来说，云计算不但会对中小企业造成一定的影响，并且其与大型互联网企业也存在一定的关联。中小型互联网公司在创设互联网项目的时候，需要运用到大量的人力和物力，在项目启动之后正式因为这些巨大的人力物力的投入，所以会导致项目成本的不断增加，并且也会对后期的开发和维保工作的顺利开展造成一定的限制。对于大型互联网公司来看，在发展过程中，因为长时间的受到各种因素的影响，所以导致公司的运营以及维护组织逐渐的臃肿起来。将云计算服务运用到互联网企业日常工作之中，能够实现前线运营与维护在整个过程中转移到云服务提供上进行同样的管理，这样可以有效的控制项目的整体投资。但是大部分公司都会进行私用云的开发，私有云与公共云的性能是一样的，这样能够全面的为所有项目组成员提供云服务，提升资源的利用效率，所以如果大量的互联网公司都参与到云计算运维技术的研发，那么必然会对传统运维工作造成严重的影响。
“互联网+技能培训”学习平台建设探索
Authors: 蒋 宇锋 , 邵 永恒 , 唐 瑶
Published: May 2020

随着开启“互联网+”模式的开始，中国制造2025、“十三五”产业发展规划对高技能人才的培育予以高度重视。习近平总书记指出，制造强国要大力培育支撑中国制造、中国创造的高技能人才队伍。公司作为生产经营主体单位，技能人才是主力军，高技能人才培养更是责无旁贷。
TIPS de marketing en épocas de COVID y Post COVID
Authors: Toledo Andrés Santiago , Armas Nelly
Published: May 2020

El mundo atraviesa una severa crisis a causa del Coronavirus y Ecuador no escapa de esa problemática, afectando a su economía en general e incidiendo de forma directa en la capacidad de consumo del ecuatoriano promedio.  La cuarentena, obligó a una gran de empresas, en unos casos, a tomar una pausa obligada en sus actividades, en otros casos su actividad se vio disminuida y en otros, aumentó.  En cualquiera de estas tres realidades, la aplicación de conceptos de marketing, resultan indispensables para evitar la desaparición de negocios, que no sepan cómo enfrentar la época Post Covid.
Hemoglobin switching in mice carrying the Klf1Nan variant
Authors: Anne Korporaal  , Nynke Gillemans  , Steven Heshusius  , Ileana Cantú  , Emile van den Akker  , Thamar B. van Dijk  , Marieke von Lindern  , Sjaak Philipsen
Published: May 2020

Haploinsufficiency for transcription factor KLF1 causes a variety of human erythroid phenotypes, such as the In(Lu) blood type, increased HbA2 levels, and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Severe dominant congenital dyserythropoietic anemia IV (OMIM 613673) is associated with the KLF1 p.E325K variant. CDA-IV patients display ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolysis resulting in anemia, accompanied by persistent high levels of embryonic and fetal hemoglobin. The mouse Nan strain carries a variant in the orthologous residue, KLF1 p.E339D. Klf1Nan causes dominant hemolytic anemia with many similarities to CDA-IV. Here we investigated the impact of Klf1Nan on the developmental expression patterns of the endogenous beta-like and alpha-like globins, and the human beta-like globins carried on a HBB locus transgene. We observe that the switch from primitive, yolk sac-derived, erythropoiesis to definitive, fetal liver-derived, erythropoiesis is delayed in Klf1wt/Nan embryos. This is reflected in globin expression patterns measured between E12.5 and E14.5. Cultured Klf1wt/Nan E12.5 fetal liver cells display growth- and differentiation defects. These defects likely contribute to the delayed appearance of definitive erythrocytes in the circulation of Klf1wt/Nan embryos. After E14.5, expression of the embryonic/fetal globin genes is silenced rapidly. In adult Klf1wt/Nan animals, silencing of the embryonic/fetal globin genes is impeded, but only minute amounts are expressed. Thus, in contrast to human KLF1 p.E325K, mouse KLF1 p.E339D does not lead to persistent high levels of embryonic/fetal globins. Our results support the notion that KLF1 affects gene expression in a variant-specific manner, highlighting the necessity to characterize KLF1 variant-specific phenotypes of patients in detail.
Синтез новых негорючих теплозащитных материалов и исследование их свойств
Authors: Джураев Собир , Курбанбаев Шухрат , Нурмухаммадов Жалолиддин
Published: May 2020

Цель. Разработка новых огнестойких теплозащитных материалов, повышающих энергоэффективность и пожарную безопасность зданий и сооружений.

Результаты. Разработаны новые составы пористых плиточных материалов на основе минерала доломита, стандартного натриевого жидкого стекла и минеральных кислот, с добавлением органических наполнителей. Исследования пожарно-технических характеристик полученных материалов, таких как горючесть и коэффициент дымообразования, показали их негорючесть.

Область применения исследований. Представленные результаты исследований в области синтеза новых пористых материалов и могут быть использованы в области повышения огне- и теплозащиты строительных конструкций.
Мероприятия комплексной защиты работников организации и населения, попадающих в зону возможного химического заражения
Authors: Безносик Евгений , Пастухов Сергей , Тихонов Максим
Published: May 2020

Цель. Разработать порядок реализации мероприятий комплексной защиты работников организации и населения, попадающих в зону возможного химического заражения, при аварии с выбросом аварийно химически опасных веществ.

Методы. Использованы общенаучные методы исследования: индукции и дедукции, анализа и синтеза, сравнения и обобщения, аналогии.

Результаты. Разработан порядок реализации комплексной защиты работников организации и населения, попадающих в зону возможного химического заражения, при аварии с выбросом аварийно химически опасных веществ.

Область применения исследований. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при переработке нормативных правовых актов, а также уточнения принципов защиты работников организации и населения, попадающих в зону возможного химического заражения, при аварии с выбросом аварийно химически опасных веществ.
Intervención temprana en Síndrome de Down: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Robles-Bello María Auxiliadora , Sánchez-Teruel David
Published: May 2020

Introducción: El síndrome de Down presenta importantes diferencias en tasas de incidencia según territorios y países, siendo además una de los trastornos genéticos más complejos, aunque su detección sea la más precoz de los trastornos genéticos. En España se ha producido una drástica reducción de nacimientos, existiendo un aumento en otras zonas del mundo como Latinoamérica. Objetivo y método: Se pretende realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el conocimiento científico actual relacionado con intervenciones tempranas en SD desde los años 2000 al 2017, utilizando la metodología PRISMA. Resultados: Se observa intensas lagunas metodológicas, enfatizándose las investigaciones transversales por encima de los longitudinales y sobre todo en zonas concretas del mundo. De este síndrome siguen interesando los factores cognitivos en detrimento de variables familiares y otros aspectos claves para un desarrollo psicoevolutivo adecuado. No se observan trabajos de intervención temprana ni de evaluación de programas en países hispanohablantes, y la mayoría de publicaciones científicas mezclan edades y sexos en sus muestras. Discusión: Se discuten los resultados obtenidos de la revisión realizada. Conclusiones: A lo largo del tiempo se observa una importante reducción del interés científico por este síndrome. Se siguen realizando trabajos de manera redundante sobre los mismos aspectos, sin valorar subdimensiones imprescindibles para el desarrollo biopsicosocial de este colectivo.
Metabolomic Reprogramming Detected by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy in Human Thyroid Cancer Tissues
Authors: Metere Alessio , Graves Claire E. , Chirico Mattea , Caramujo Maria José , Pisanu Maria Elena , Iorio Egidio
Published: May 2020

Thyroid cancer cells demonstrate an increase in oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant action, but the effects of this increased oxidative stress on cell function remain unknown. We aimed to identify changes in the metabolism of thyroid cancer cells caused by oxidative stress, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Samples of thyroid cancer and healthy thyroid tissue were collected from patients undergoing thyroidectomy and analyzed with 1H-NMR spectroscopy for a wide array of metabolites. We found a significant increase in lactate content in thyroid cancer tissue compared to healthy tissue. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant differences between cancer tissue and healthy tissue, including an increase in aromatic amino acids, and an average decrease in citrate in thyroid cancer tissue. We hypothesize that these changes in metabolism may be due to an oxidative stress-related decrease in activity of the Krebs cycle, and a shift towards glycolysis in cancer tissue. Thus, thyroid cancer cells are able to reprogram their metabolic activity to survive in conditions of high oxidative stress and with a compromised antioxidant system. Our findings, for the first time, suggested a connection between oxidative stress and the alteration of the metabolic profile in thyroid tumors.
Rhythm Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Isasi Iraia , Irusta Unai , Aramendi Elisabete , Eftestøl Trygve , Kramer-Johansen Jo , Wik Lars
Published: May 2020

Chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) induce artifacts in the ECG that may provoque inaccurate rhythm classification by the algorithm of the defibrillator. The objective of this study was to design an algorithm to produce reliable shock/no-shock decisions during CPR using convolutional neural networks (CNN). A total of 3319 ECG segments of 9 s extracted during chest compressions were used, whereof 586 were shockable and 2733 nonshockable. Chest compression artifacts were removed using a Recursive Least Squares (RLS) filter, and the filtered ECG was fed to a CNN classifier with three convolutional blocks and two fully connected layers for the shock/no-shock classification. A 5-fold cross validation architecture was adopted to train/test the algorithm, and the proccess was repeated 100 times to statistically characterize the performance. The proposed architecture was compared to the most accurate algorithms that include handcrafted ECG features and a random forest classifier (baseline model). The median (90% confidence interval) sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and balanced accuracy of the method were 95.8% (94.6–96.8), 96.1% (95.8–96.5), 96.1% (95.7–96.4) and 96.0% (95.5–96.5), respectively. The proposed algorithm outperformed the baseline model by 0.6-points in accuracy. This new approach shows the potential of deep learning methods to provide reliable diagnosis of the cardiac rhythm without interrupting chest compression therapy.
Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions
Authors: Su Sheng , Ge Yunshan , Wang Xin , Zhang Mengzhu , Hao Lijun , Tan Jianwei , Shi Fulu , Guo Dongdong , Yang Zhengjun
Published: May 2020

This paper reports the regulated, unregulated, and particle number emissions from six high-mileage, China-4 compliant, dedicated methanol taxis over the new European driving cycle. Compared to new vehicles, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides emissions from in-use methanol taxis increased by 76.1%, 40.2%, and 179.8%, respectively. Still, they managed to meet China-4, indicating good in-service conformity. In the test fleet, the test vehicles with longer mileage inclined to emit higher carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons emissions. Formaldehyde emissions from these field-aged taxis ranged from 1.06 to 2.33 mg/km, which were similar to or lower than those from previously reported pre-Euro-5 gasoline vehicles. One of the six test vehicles produced extraordinarily high unburned methanol emissions, which was about ten times higher than the rest of the properly operating vehicles due to possible misfire, suggesting that unburned methanol will be the primary stress for future methanol applications. Compared to the regulated emissions, formaldehyde and unburned methanol emissions deteriorated at faster rates along with catalyst aging. Particle number emissions from these methanol taxis remained low even after high-mileage driving, suggesting the compatibility of methanol fueling in future particle number compliance.
Machine Learning Based Hybrid System for Imputation and Efficient Energy Demand Forecasting
Authors: Waqas Khan Prince , Byun Yung-Cheol , Lee Sang-Joon , Park Namje
Published: May 2020

The ongoing upsurge of deep learning and artificial intelligence methodologies manifest incredible accomplishment in a broad scope of assessing issues in different industries, including the energy sector. In this article, we have presented a hybrid energy forecasting model based on machine learning techniques. It is based on the three machine learning algorithms: extreme gradient boosting, categorical boosting, and random forest method. Usually, machine learning algorithms focus on fine-tuning the hyperparameters, but our proposed hybrid algorithm focuses on the preprocessing using feature engineering to improve forecasting. We also focus on the way to impute a significant data gap and its effect on predicting. The forecasting exactness of the proposed model is evaluated using the regression score, and it depicts that the proposed model, with an R-squared of 0.9212, is more accurate than existing models. For the testing purpose of the proposed energy consumption forecasting model, we have used the actual dataset of South Korea’s hourly energy consumption. The proposed model can be used for any other dataset as well. This research result will provide a scientific premise for the strategy modification of energy supply and demand.
Influence of Rotation Speed and Air Pressure on the Down the Hole Drilling Velocity for Borehole Heat Exchanger Installation
Authors: Sliwa Tomasz , Jarosz Kinga , Rosen Marc A. , Sojczyńska Anna , Sapińska-Śliwa Aneta , Gonet Andrzej , Fąfera Karolina , Kowalski Tomasz , Ciepielowska Martyna
Published: May 2020

The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using the down the hole method is determined in an empirical manner. For the study, velocity measurements are obtained for combinations of the aforementioned parameters during fieldwork for the installation of borehole heat exchangers near Lublin, Poland. The tests consider three drill bit diameters—110, 127 and 140 mm; three rotational speeds—20, 40 and 60 1/min; and three air pressures—16, 20 and 24 bar. The borehole heat exchangers need 100 m deep wells. The lithology consists mainly of loess and clays to 24 m, sand and carbonate rocks to 36 m, and marls and limestone to 100 m. It is found that the highest drilling velocity is achieved when the greatest pressure is applied, while the lowest drilling velocity is connected to the lowest pressure. However, the relation between rotation speed and drilling velocity is more complex, as drilling velocity seems to be more affected by depth. Therefore, lithology can be a major factor. The results may find direct use in drilling, and provide a basis for further studies on the optimization of drilling technology.
Environmental and Economic Analysis of an Anaerobic Co-Digestion Power Plant Integrated with a Compost Plant
Authors: Rajabi Hamedani Sara , Villarini Mauro , Colantoni Andrea , Carlini Maurizio , Cecchini Massimo , Santoro Francesco , Pantaleo Antonio
Published: May 2020

Italian power generation through anaerobic digestion (AD) has grown significantly between 2009 and 2016, becoming an important renewable energy resource for the country, also thanks to the generous incentives for produced electricity available in the last years. This work focuses on the economic and environmental issues of AD technology and proposes a techno-economic analysis of investment profitability without government support. In particular, the analysis focuses on an AD power plant fed by zootechnical wastewater and agro-industrial residues coupled to a cogeneration (CHP) system and a digestate-composting plant that produces soil fertilizers. We aim to determine the economic profitability of such AD power plants fed by inner-farm biomass wastes, exploiting digestate as fertilizer, using the cogenerated heat and taking into account the externalities (environmental benefits). Environmental analysis was carried out via a life cycle analysis (LCA), and encompassing the production of biogas, heat/electricity and compost in the downstream process. The un-released environmental emissions were converted into economic benefits by means of a stepwise approach. The results indicate that integrating a compost plant with a biogas plant can significantly increase the carbon credits of the process. The results were evaluated by means of a sensitivity analysis, and they report an IRR in the range of 6%–9% according to the Italian legislative support mechanisms, and possibilities to increase revenues with the use of digestate as fertilizer. The results significantly improve when externalities are included.
Liquid Water Transport Behavior at GDL-Channel Interface of a Wave-Like Channel
Authors: Anyanwu Ikechukwu S. , Niu Zhiqiang , Jiao Daokuan , Najmi Aezid-Ul-Hassan , Liu Zhi , Jiao Kui
Published: May 2020

This paper evaluates the liquid water at the gas diffusion layer-channel (GDL-channel) interface of reconstructed GDL microstructures with uniform and non-uniform fiber diameters in wave-like channels. A non-uniform GDL microstructure is reconstructed for the first time at the GDL-channel interface to evaluate droplet motion. The three-layer GDL microstructures are generated using the stochastic technique and implemented using the OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (OpenFOAM-6, OpenFOAM Foundation Ltd., London, UK). The present study considers the relationship between reconstructed GDL surfaces with varying fiber diameters, wettability, superficial inlet velocity and droplet size. Results show that the droplet detachment and the average droplet velocity decrease with an increase in the fiber diameter as well as the structural arrangement of the fibers. Under the non-uniform fiber arrangement, the removal rate of water droplets is not significantly improved. However, the choice of smaller fiber diameters facilitates the transport of droplets, as hydrophobicity increases even at slight surface roughness. The results also indicate that the average droplet velocity decreases under low inlet velocity conditions while increasing under high inlet velocity conditions. Therefore, the structural make-up of the GDL-channel interface influences the droplet dynamics, and the implementation of a non-uniform GDL structure should also be considered in the GDL designs.
Evaluation of Photovoltaic and Battery Storage Effects on the Load Matching Indicators Based on Real Monitored Data
Authors: Kichou Sofiane , Skandalos Nikolaos , Wolf Petr
Published: May 2020

This paper reports on the electrical performance of two bloc-of-flats buildings located in Prague, Czech Republic. Measured data of electrical consumption were used to investigate the effect of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) systems on the overlap between generation and demand. Different PV array configurations and battery storage capacities were considered. Detailed solar analysis was carried out to analyze the solar potential of the building and to assess the PV electricity production. The evaluation of the building performance was done through MATLAB simulations based on one-year monitored data. The simulation results were used for the calculation of the load matching indices: namely, the self-consumption and self-sufficiency. It was found that optimized array tilt and orientation angles can effectively contribute to a better adjustment between electricity demand and solar PV generation. The addition of a façade PV system increases significantly the PV generation and thus the load matching during winter months. Mismatch is further reduced by using the energy flexibility provided by the BESS. Depending on the PV size and BESS capacity, the self-consumption and the self-sufficiency of the building could increase from 55% to 100% and from 24% up to 68%, respectively.
Beer Aroma and Quality Traits Assessment Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gonzalez Viejo Claudia , Fuentes Sigfredo
Published: May 2020

Increasing beer quality demands from consumers have put pressure on brewers to target specific steps within the beer-making process to modify beer styles and quality traits. However, this demands more robust methodologies to assess the final aroma profiles and physicochemical characteristics of beers. This research shows the construction of artificial intelligence (AI) models based on aroma profiles, chemometrics, and chemical fingerprinting using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) obtained from 20 commercial beers used as targets. Results showed that machine learning models obtained using NIR from beers as inputs were accurate and robust in the prediction of six important aromas for beer (Model 1; R = 0.91; b = 0.87) and chemometrics (Model 2; R = 0.93; b = 0.90). Additionally, two more accurate models were obtained from robotics (RoboBEER) to obtain the same aroma profiles (Model 3; R = 0.99; b = 1.00) and chemometrics (Model 4; R = 0.98; b = 1.00). Low-cost robotics and sensors coupled with computer vision and machine learning modeling could help brewers in the decision-making process to target specific consumer preferences and to secure higher consumer demands.
Purification Behavior of Zn(II) in Water by Magnesium Hydroxyapatite: Surface Complexation, and Dissolution–Precipitation
Authors: Mo Nan , Zhu Zongqiang , Zhu Yinian , Liu Yang , Wang Xingxing , Yang Hongqu , Zhao Ningning
Published: May 2020

As an innovative and economical material, hydroxyapatite does little harm to the environment. In this study, a magnesium hydroxyapatite (Mg-HAP) adsorbent was prepared by doping magnesium. Magnesium doping can increase the hydroxyl groups on the surface of Mg-HAP to form more adsorption sites and improve the removal effect of the heavy metal Zn(II) in water. This study was implemented to survey the effect of different sorption elements, including the liquor initial pH, initial concentration, dose of adsorbents, and other factors, on the adsorption effect. The outcomes show that the sorption effect was best at the time that the liquor was weakly acidic (pH = 6); At a pH of 6, the temperature of 25 °C when the optimal dosage of adsorbent is 0.25 g, the maximum adsorption amount is 62.11 mg/g. Through data fitting, the adsorption process can be accurately described as a pseudo-second-order dynamics model and the Langmuir isotherm equation. According to the thermodynamic analysis, the sorption of zinc ions by Mg-HAP belongs to the process of spontaneous endothermic and entropy increase, and the increase of temperature was conducive to adsorption. Material characterization and analysis indicate that surface complexation and dissolution-precipitation was the main mechanism for adsorption of Zn(II).
Tailored Mental Health Literacy Training Improves Mental Health Knowledge and Confidence among Canadian Farmers
Authors: Hagen Briana N. M. , Harper Sherilee L. , O’Sullivan Terri L. , Jones-Bitton Andria
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the impact of “In the Know” mental health literacy training for Canadian agriculture. We hypothesized that “In the Know” would significantly increase participants’ knowledge around mental health, confidence in recognizing mental health struggles, confidence in speaking about mental health with others, and confidence in helping someone who may be struggling with mental health. “In the Know” was a 4-h, in-person program delivered by a mental health professional who also had experience in agriculture. Six sessions were offered in Ontario, Canada in 2018. Participants were farmers and/or worked primarily with farmers. A pre-training paper questionnaire was administered, followed by a post-training questionnaire at the end of the session and 3 and 6 month post-training questionnaires via email. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to compare participants’ self-reported knowledge and confidence across four timepoints. “In the Know” significantly improved participants’ self-reported mental health knowledge and confidence in recognizing mental health struggles, speaking to others, and helping others who are struggling immediately following training and often at 3 and 6 months post-training. This is the first study among farming populations to measure program impact with 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Given the reported associations between mental health literacy and increased help-seeking, disseminating “In the Know” more broadly across farming communities may help to increase mental health literacy and thus increase help-seeking among farmers.
Emotional-Behavioral Functioning, Maternal Psychopathologic Risk and Quality of Mother–Child Feeding Interactions in Children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Cerniglia Luca , Marzilli Eleonora , Cimino Silvia
Published: May 2020

The literature on food intake disorder (ARFID) in early childhood has evidenced psychopathologic difficulties in both children and their mothers and a poor quality of feeding interactions. Only a few studies have focused on three different ARFID subtypes: irritable/impulsive (I/I), sensory food aversions (SFA) and post traumatic feeding disorder (PTFD). The aim of this study was to explore possible differences between the three groups in children’s emotional-behavioral functioning, maternal psychopathologic risk and the quality of mother–child feeding interactions, comparing these clinical groups with a control group. The sample consisted of 100 child–mother dyads, of which 23 children with I/I, 25 children with SFA, 27 children with PTFD and 27 children with no diagnosis. The mothers primarily filled out questionnaires assessing their psychopathologic symptoms and children’s emotional-behavioral functioning. Then, all dyads were videotaped during a main meal. Results revealed significant differences between the study groups in relation to children’s emotional–adaptive functioning, mothers’ psychological profile and mother–child interactions during feeding. These findings are relevant for the development of target intervention programs to treat specific ARFID disorders.
The Development of Dry Eye Disease after Surgery-Indicated Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Chia-Yi , Yang Kun-Lin , Sun Chi-Chin , Huang Jing-Yang , Chen Hung-Chih , Chen Hung-Chi , Yang Shun-Fa
Published: May 2020

We aim to evaluate the risk of dry eye disease (DED) occurrence in patients with surgery-indicated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) via the national health insurance research database in Taiwan. After exclusion, patients with a diagnostic code of CRS and had received functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were regarded as having surgery-indicated CRS and enrolled in the study group, then each patient in the study group was age- and gender-matched to four non-CRS patients that served as the control group. The outcome was considered as the development of DED and Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the statistical analysis, which involved multiple potential risk factors of DED. A total of 6076 patients with surgery-indicated CRS that received FESS and another 24,304 non-CRS individuals were enrolled after exclusion. There were 317 and 770 DED events in the study group and the control group during the 16-year follow-up interval, and the study group demonstrated a significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio (1490, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.303-1.702) of DED development compared to the control group in the multivariable analysis. In addition, the cumulative probability analysis illustrated a positive correlation of DED occurrence and the disease period of surgery-indicated CRS (p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, both genders revealed a higher but not significant incidence of developing DED in the study group. In conclusion, the existence of surgery-indicated CRS will increase the risk of developing DED, which correlated to the disease interval.
Revising BMI Cut-Off Points for Obesity in a Weight Management Setting in Lebanon
Authors: Itani Leila , Kreidieh Dima , El Masri Dana , Tannir Hana , Chehade Leila , El Ghoch Marwan
Published: May 2020

Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 Kg/m2. This study aimed to test the validity of this BMI cut-off point for adiposity in a weight management clinical setting in Lebanon. This cross-sectional study of 442 adults of mixed gender, categorized by the WHO BMI classification, included: 66 individuals of normal weight, 110 who were overweight and 266 with obesity. The clinical sample was referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon. All participants underwent anthropometric evaluation. The gold standard for defining obesity was based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/WHO guidelines for total body fat percentage (BF%). The best sensitivity and specificity were attained to predict obesity, according to the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The BMI cut-off point for predicting obesity in the clinical sample was nearly 31.5 Kg/m2, and more than 90% of individuals with obesity and cardiometabolic disease were above this cut-off point. In conclusion, this new BMI cut-off point, an obesity definition higher than suggested in Western populations, was demonstrated to have clinical usefulness. Obesity guidelines in Lebanon, therefore, need revising.