bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two‐Port and Three‐Port Approaches in Robotic Lobectomy for Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Han Kook Nam , Lee Jun Hee , Hong Jeong In , Kim Hyun Koo
Published: July 2022

Background

Robot‐assisted lobectomy has been used to treat non‐small cell lung cancer and usually uses 3 or 4 ports and 3 or 4 robotic arms. We recently developed a two‐port approach for robotic lobectomy using three robotic arms and performed a propensity score‐matched analysis to compare the feasibility of the two‐port and three‐port techniques.

Methods

Data on robotic lobectomy for non‐small cell lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were matched using propensity score based on age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, forced expiratory volume per 1 s, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, clinical stage, lobe involved, tumor size, and cell types. Overall, 53 and 89 patients who underwent the two‐port and three‐port approaches, respectively, were matched (1:1 ratio; caliper distance, 0.2). We analyzed the perioperative outcomes and postoperative pain to evaluate the feasibility and safety.

Results

The matched group included 37 patients each who underwent two‐port and three‐port robotic lobectomy. The operation time was shorter in the two‐port group (P = .01). The number of lymph nodes resected (P = .70), conversion to multiport or thoracotomy (P > .99), morbidity and mortality (P = .31), drain indwelling time (P = .32), and hospital stay (P = .11) were not significantly different between the groups. The postoperative pain was less at 0–3 postoperative days (P < .01) in the two‐port group. The total medical cost was not markedly increased after transitioning to the two‐port technique.

Conclusions

Two‐port approach in robotic lobectomy is a safe and feasible alternative approach for treating non‐small cell lung cancer.
Inconclusive evidence that breathing shapes pupil dynamics in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Schaefer Martin , Edwards Sylvia , Nordén Frans , Lundström Johan N. , Arshamian Artin
Published: July 2022

More than 50 years ago, it was proposed that breathing shapes pupil dynamics. This widespread idea is also the general understanding currently. However, there has been no attempt at synthesizing the progress on this topic since. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature on how breathing affects pupil dynamics in humans. We assessed the effect of breathing phase, depth, rate, and route (nose/mouth). We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and conducted a systematic search of the scientific literature databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycInfo in November 2021. Thirty-one studies were included in the final analyses, and their quality was assessed with QualSyst. The study findings were summarized in a descriptive manner, and the strength of the evidence for each parameter was estimated following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The effect of breathing phase on pupil dynamics was rated as “low” (6 studies). The effect of breathing depth and breathing rate (6 and 20 studies respectively) were rated as “very low”. Breathing route was not investigated by any of the included studies. Overall, we show that there is, at best, inconclusive evidence for an effect of breathing on pupil dynamics in humans. Finally, we suggest some possible confounders to be considered, and outstanding questions that need to be addressed, to answer this fundamental question. Trial registration: This systematic review has been registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number: CRD42022285044.
Novel balloon compression-assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal ligation in the treatment of esophageal varices: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Jin Jing , Zhang Fumin , Xiang Yi , Wu Wenyue , Wang ZeXue , Kong Derun
Published: July 2022

Background

Herein, our group designed a novel technology, termed balloon compression-assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (bc-EIS), which was applied to improve the efficiency of eradicating esophageal varices (EVs). The present study aimed to compare the rate of eradication and efficacy between bc-EIS and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in the management of EVs.

Methods

Ninety-five patients with esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) were randomly assigned to receive bc-EIS or ligation alone. Additional treatment sessions were held 1 month later and then at 3-month intervals until eradication of the varices was achieved. Endoscopic follow-up examinations were carried out at 6-month intervals in the absence of recurrence or immediately if there was any recurrent bleeding.

Results

The mean physical injection points per session were 2.89 ± 0.79, and the mean volume of lauromacrogol used per session was 17.74 ± 7.09 ml in the bc-EIS group. The mean band per session was 6.13 ± 0.86. The rate of eradication after one to three rounds of bc-EIS was obviously higher than that of the EVL group (89.36%, 97.87%, and 100% vs. 37.5%, 43.75%, and 47.92%, respectively). Retrosternal pain or discomfort in the bc-EIS group was slightly lower than that in the EVL group (23.4%, 11/47 vs. 31.25%, 15/48). Two and five patients showed mild abdominal bloating and distension between the bc-EIS and EVL groups, respectively (2/47, 4.26% vs. 5/48, 10.42% P > 0.05). Nausea and vomiting were reported in one patient (1/47, 2.13%) in the bc-EIS group and three patients (3/48, 6.25%) in the EVL group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No fatal or severe complications, such as esophageal perforation, esophageal stricture or ectopic embolism, were observed.

Conclusion

The bc-EIS method was effective in eradicating EVs and was accompanied by fewer complications.
Neuro-swarm computational heuristic for solving a nonlinear second-order coupled Emden–Fowler model
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Baleanu Dumitru , Guirao Juan L. G.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the current study is to present the numerical solutions of a nonlinear second-order coupled Emden–Fowler equation by developing a neuro-swarming-based computing intelligent solver. The feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used for modelling, and optimization is carried out by the local/global search competences of particle swarm optimization (PSO) aided with capability of interior-point method (IPM), i.e., ANNs-PSO-IPM. In ANNs-PSO-IPM, a mean square error-based objective function is designed for nonlinear second-order coupled Emden–Fowler (EF) equations and then optimized using the combination of PSO-IPM. The inspiration to present the ANNs-PSO-IPM comes with a motive to depict a viable, detailed and consistent framework to tackle with such stiff/nonlinear second-order coupled EF system. The ANNs-PSO-IP scheme is verified for different examples of the second-order nonlinear-coupled EF equations. The achieved numerical outcomes for single as well as multiple trials of ANNs-PSO-IPM are incorporated to validate the reliability, viability and accuracy.
Absolute treatment effects for the primary outcome and all-cause mortality in the cardiovascular outcome trials of new antidiabetic drugs: a meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data
Authors: Kuss Oliver , Akbulut Cihan , Schlesinger Sabrina , Georgiev Asen , Kelm Malte , Roden Michael , Wolff Georg
Published: July 2022

Aims

Treatment effects from the large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of new antidiabetic drugs are almost exclusively communicated as hazard ratios, although reporting guidelines recommend to report treatment effects also on an absolute scale, e.g. as numbers needed to treat (NNT). We aimed to analyse NNTs in CVOTs comparing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, or sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors to placebo.

Methods

We digitalized individual time-to-event information for the primary outcome and all-cause mortality from 19 CVOTs that compared DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or SGLT2 inhibitors to placebo. We estimated Weibull models for each trial and outcome and derived monthly NNTs. NNTs were summarized across all trials and within drug classes by random effects meta-analysis methods.

Results

Treatment effects in the CVOTs appear smaller if they are reported as NNTs: Overall, 100 (95%-CI: 60, 303) patients have to be treated for 29 months (the median follow-up time across all trials) to avoid a single event of the primary outcome, and 128 (95%-CI: 85, 265) patients have to be treated for 39 months to avoid a single death. NNT time courses are very similar for GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, whereas treatment effects with DPP-4 inhibitors are smaller.

Conclusions

We found that the respective treatment effects look less impressive when communicated on an absolute scale, as numbers needed to treat. For a valid overall picture of the benefit of new antidiabetic drugs, trial authors should also report treatment effects on an absolute scale.
Multi-scale characterization of a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system in southern Germany using a combination of different tracer methods
Authors: Fahrmeier Nikolai , Frank Simon , Goeppert Nadine , Goldscheider Nico
Published: July 2022

Water suppliers face major challenges such as climate change and population growth. To prepare for the future, detailed knowledge of water resources is needed. In southern Germany, the state water supplier Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung provides 3 million people with drinking water obtained from a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system and the river Danube. In this study, a combination of different tracing techniques was used with the goal of a multi-scale characterization of the aquifer system and to gain additional knowledge about groundwater flow toward the extraction wells in the Danube Valley. For the small-scale characterization, selected groundwater monitoring wells were examined using single-borehole dilution tests. With these tests, a wide range of flow behavior could be documented, including fast outflow within just a few hours in wells with good connection to the aquifer, but also durations of many weeks in low-permeability formations. Vertical flow, caused by multiple flow horizons or uprising groundwater, was detected in 40% of the tested wells. A regional multi-tracer test with three injections was used to investigate the aquifer on a large scale. For the highly karstified connection between a swallow hole and a spring group, high flow velocities of around 80 m/h could be documented. Exceptionally delayed arrivals, 250 and 307 days after the injection, respectively showing maximum velocities of 0.44 and 0.39 m/h, were observed in an area where low-permeability sediments overlay the karst conduits. With the chosen methods, a distinct heterogeneity caused by the geological setting could be documented on both scales.
Autoantibodies to IgE can induce the release of proinflammatory and vasoactive mediators from human cardiac mast cells
Authors: Poto Remo , Patella Vincenzo , Criscuolo Gjada , Marone Gianni , Coscioni Enrico , Varricchi Gilda
Published: July 2022

Mast cells are multifunctional immune cells with complex roles in tissue homeostasis and disease. Cardiac mast cells (HCMCs) are strategically located within the human myocardium, in atherosclerotic plaques, in proximity to nerves, and in the aortic valve. HCMCs express the high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) for IgE and can be activated by anti-IgE and anti-FcεRI. Autoantibodies to IgE and/or FcεRI have been found in the serum of patients with a variety of immune disorders. We have compared the effects of different preparations of IgG anti-IgE obtained from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) with rabbit IgG anti-IgE on the release of preformed (histamine and tryptase) and lipid mediators [prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4)] from HCMCs. Functional human IgG anti-IgE from one out of six AD donors and rabbit IgG anti-IgE induced the release of preformed (histamine, tryptase) and de novo synthesized mediators (PGD2 and LTC4) from HCMCs. Human IgG anti-IgE was more potent than rabbit IgG anti-IgE in inducing proinflammatory mediators from HCMCs. Human monoclonal IgE was a competitive antagonist of both human and rabbit IgG anti-IgE. Although functional anti-IgE autoantibodies rarely occur in patients with AD, when present, they can powerfully activate the release of proinflammatory and vasoactive mediators from HCMCs.
Reaching Out to Adolescents at High Risk of HIV Infection in Brazil: Demand Creation Strategies for PrEP and Other HIV Combination Prevention Methods
Authors: Magno Laio , Soares Fabiane , Zucchi Eliana Miura , Eustórgio Marcos , Grangeiro Alexandre , Ferraz Dulce , Greco Dirceu , Escuder Maria Mercedes , Dourado Ines ,   The PrEP1519 Study Group
Published: July 2022

Using baseline data from the PrEP1519 cohort, in this article we aimed to analyze: (i) the effectiveness of demand creation strategies (DCS) to enroll adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and adolescent transgender women (ATGW) into an HIV combination prevention study in Brazil; (ii) the predictors of DCS for adolescents’ enrollment; and (iii) the factors associated with DCS by comparing online and face-to-face strategies for enrollment. The DCS included peer recruitment (i.e., online and face-to-face) and referrals from health services and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). AMSM and ATGW who agreed to participate in the study could opt to enroll in either PrEP (PrEP arm) or to use other prevention methods (non-PrEP arm). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted and logistic regression odds ratios were estimated. The DCS reached 4529 AMSM and ATGW, the majority of which were derived online (73.8%). Of this total, 935 (20.6%) enrolled to participate (76.6% in PrEP arm and 23.4% in non-PrEP arm). The effectiveness of enrolling adolescents into both arms was greater via direct referrals (235/382 and 84/382, respectively) and face-to-face peer recruitment (139/670 and 35/670, respectively) than online (328/3342). We found that a combination under DCS was required for successful enrollment in PrEP, with online strategies majorly tending to enroll adolescents of a higher socioeconomic status. Our findings reinforce the need for DCS that actively reaches out to all adolescents at the greatest risk for HIV infection, irrespective of their socioeconomic status.
Prioritizing adaptation and mitigation in the climate movement: evidence from a cross-national protest survey of the Global Climate Strike, 2019
Authors: de Moor Joost
Published: July 2022

Climate adaptation is seen by many as increasingly important and as deeply political, leading some to argue for its democratization. Social movements could play an important role in this. Meanwhile, we have recently witnessed a major swell in climate activism, as well as a growing realization among climate activists that it may be too late to prevent major climate disruptions. Yet to what extent this may lead to a focus on adaptation in the climate movement remains understudied. To address this gap in the literature, the current paper draws on survey data from 2,344 participants in Fridays For Future climate demonstrations in September 2019 in 13 cities in Europe, Australia and the USA. The analyses show that while one-half of the respondents still attributes greater weight to mitigation, the other half attributes equal weight to adaptation and mitigation, indicating a greater emphasis on adaptation than previously assumed. It is found that those supporting (equal focus on) adaptation experience less hope about the effectiveness of climate policies, and portray a reluctance to support far-reaching climate action. The latter indicates that support for adaptation in the climate movement is associated with conservative attitudes, indicating constraints for the emergence of a climate movement for transformational adaptation.
Wohnungsnotfallhilfe zwischen historischem Feindbild und neuer Instrumentalisierung
Authors: Meyer Nikolaus
Published: July 2022

Wohnungs- und obdachlose Menschen waren jahrzehntelang rechter Gewalt ausgesetzt, weil sie aus sozialdarwinistischen Perspektiven Zielscheibe rechter Akteur_innen waren. Zunehmend scheint sich hier die Perspektive und der Umgang mit wohnungs- und obdachlosen Menschen zu verändern. Auch hier nutzt die Rechte offenbar eine neue Strategie: Als ‚Kümmerer‘ inszenieren sie sich medial für so genannte Volksangehörige, obwohl nur selten wirkliche Wohnungslosenhilfe im Sinne der professionellen Bedeutung geleistet wird.
Vielfältige Herausforderungen
Authors: Besche Julia
Published: July 2022

In den letzten Jahren wird die Möglichkeit, dass auch Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit im weitesten Sinne rechte Einstellungen innehaben, in Disziplin und Profession Sozialer Arbeit diskutiert. Der Beitrag beinhaltet erste Ergebnisse eines Dissertationsprojektes, das sich mit den Wahrnehmungen von Lehrenden im Hinblick auf rechte Äußerungen in Lehrkontexten beschäftigt.
Laser cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastic components for remanufacturing
Authors: Arshed Farhan , Ahmad Abdul , Xirouchakis Paul , Metsios Ioannis
Published: July 2022

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is extensively used in automotive and aerospace industries with the aim to achieve reduction on emissions by reducing weight. Due to governmental regulations to reduce the environmental impact and to reduce waste, the need for remanufacturing CFRP is becoming an interesting area of application with economic benefits to industry. This is important as manufacturing carbon fiber is a costly process and remanufacturing CFRP is more cost effective and reduces the dependency on virgin materials. Processing CFRP to meet demands, for fast and high-quality cuts, can impose problems for conventional methods. The use of multi-pass scanning technique in laser cutting CFRP is investigated using a 1.5 kW fiber laser with assist gas pressure of 16 bar and gas flow rate of 126 lt/min. Using multi-pass technique, a through cut can be obtained by repeating the beam travel more than once. The advantage of laser cutting when compared with traditional CNC, is the low cost of maintenance over time due to the non-contact nature of the process i.e. no wear of tool at contact area. And due to the small beam spot size of the laser small and complex shapes can be cut. The aim of the paper is to determine how the process performs in terms of cutting speed and fiber damage. Average power was used to carried out experimental tests. A fiber damage below 100 µm with laser cutting speed of 2.5 m/min and above was obtained. Thermal effects were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The fiber damage was further optimized using specialist methods such as double aperture nozzle and trenching. The use of trenching and double aperture further reduces the fiber damage to 10 µm and 50 µm, respectively with laser cutting speed of 7.5 m/min and 3.33 m/min.
Deep learning based topic and sentiment analysis: COVID19 information seeking on social media
Authors: Bashar Md Abul , Nayak Richi , Balasubramaniam Thirunavukarasu
Published: July 2022

Social media platforms have become a common place for information exchange among their users. People leave traces of their emotions via text expressions. A systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of social media data across time and space can give insights into local outbreaks, mental health, and social issues. Such timely insights can help in developing strategies and resources with an appropriate and efficient response. This study analysed a large Spatio-temporal tweet dataset of the Australian sphere related to COVID19. The methodology included a volume analysis, topic modelling, sentiment detection, and semantic brand score to obtain an insight into the COVID19 pandemic outbreak and public discussion in different states and cities of Australia over time. The obtained insights are compared with independently observed phenomena such as government-reported instances.
Insertion Speed Affects the Initial Stability of Dental Implants
Authors: Hsu Yuan-Yang , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Huang Heng-Li , Fuh Lih-Jyh , Hsu Jui-Ting
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study investigated the effects of insertion speed of dental implants on their stability.

Methods

Dental implants were inserted at speeds of 4, 10, 20, and 30 rpm, respectively, into artificial bones of two different bone qualities; namely, good bone (GB) and poor bone (PB). Therefore, the four insertion speeds and two bone qualities totaled eight groups, with five specimens per group. During the insertion process, the maximum insertion torque value (ITV) was measured, along with two stability parameters: periotest value (PTV) and initial stability quotient (ISQ).

Results

Dental implants in the GB group exhibited better stability than those in the PB group (p < 0.001). Significant differences in ITVs were observed among the four insertion speeds in both the GB and PB groups (p = 0.004 and p = 0.034, respectively). In general, the higher the insertion speed, the lower the ITV; in particular, the ITVs for implants inserted at 4 rpm were higher than those measured at 20 and 30 rpm (p = 0.008). However, regardless of the bone quality, the PTVs did not differ significantly among the four insertion speeds (p = 0.066). In both the GB and PB groups, the ISQs differed significantly differences among the four insertion speeds (p = 0.016 and p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion

The stability parameters measured for dental implants in the GB group were all higher than those measured in the PB group. In general, a higher insertion speed resulted in a lower ITV value. The PTV did not differ significantly, while the ISQ differed significantly among the four insertion speeds.
Deep Learning Models for the Diagnosis and Screening of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siddiqui Shah , Arifeen Murshedul , Hopgood Adrian , Good Alice , Gegov Alexander , Hossain Elias , Rahman Wahidur , Hossain Shazzad , Al Jannat Sabila , Ferdous Rezowan , Masum Shamsul
Published: July 2022

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as a global pandemic by WHO. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients may reduce the impact of coronavirus using modern computational methods like deep learning. Various deep learning models based on CT and chest X-ray images are studied and compared in this study as an alternative solution to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions. This study consists of three stages: planning, conduction, and analysis/reporting. In the conduction stage, inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied to the literature searching and identification. Then, we have implemented quality assessment rules, where over 75 scored articles in the literature were included. Finally, in the analysis/reporting stage, all the papers are reviewed and analysed. After the quality assessment of the individual papers, this study adopted 57 articles for the systematic literature review. From these reviews, the critical analysis of each paper, including the represented matrix for the model evaluation, existing contributions, and motivation, has been tracked with suitable illustrations. We have also interpreted several insights of each paper with appropriate annotation. Further, a set of comparisons has been enumerated with suitable discussion. Convolutional neural networks are the most commonly used deep learning architecture for COVID-19 disease classification and identification from X-ray and CT images. Various prior studies did not include data from a hospital setting nor did they consider data preprocessing before training a deep learning model.
Electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems: Not worth the costs
Authors: Doll Michelle E. , Pierce Jacob W.
Published: July 2022

Electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems allow the collection of large volumes of data. However, significant resources are required to validate and maintain these systems. Additionally, data are lacking on the correlation with clinically important outcomes. Direct observation of hand hygiene remains the gold standard for monitoring hand hygiene compliance.
Comparison of two electronic hand hygiene systems using real-time feedback via wireless technology to improve hand hygiene compliance in an intensive care unit
Authors: Generoso José R. , Casaroto Eduardo , Neto Ary Serpa , Prado Marcelo , Gagliardi Guilherme M. , de Menezes Fernando Gatti , Gonçalves Priscila , Hohmann Fábio Barlem , Olivato Guilherme Benfatti , Gonçalves Gustavo Potratz , Pereira Andréa Marques , Xavier Nathalia , Miguel Marcelo Fernandes , da Silva Victor Elivane , Edmond Michael B. , Marra Alexandre R.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Most hand hygiene (HH) intervention studies use a quasi-experimental design, are primarily uncontrolled before-and-after studies, or are controlled before-and-after studies with a nonequivalent control group. Well-funded studies with improved designs and HH interventions are needed.

Objectives:

To evaluate healthcare worker (HCW) HH compliance with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) through direct observation (human observer), 2 electronic technologies, a radio frequency identification (RFID) badge system, and an invasive device sensor.

Methods:

In our controlled experimental study, 2,269 observations were made over a 6-month period from July 1 to December 30, 2020, in a 4-bed intensive care unit. We compared HH compliance between a basic feedback loop system with RFID badges and an enhanced feedback loop system that utilized sensors on invasive devices.

Results:

Real-time feedback by wireless technology connected to a patient’s invasive device (enhanced feedback loop) resulted in a significant increase in HH compliance (69.5% in the enhanced group vs 59.1% in the basic group; P = .0001).

Conclusion:

An enhanced feedback loop system connected to invasive devices, providing real-time alerts to HCWs, is effective in improving HH compliance.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Detect Acute Large Vessel Occlusions in Stroke Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Habib Pardes , Dimitrov Ivaylo , Pinho João , Schürmann Kolja , Bach Jan Philipp , Wiesmann Martin , Schulz Jörg B. , Reich Arno , Nikoubashman Omid
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose:

A primary admission of patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) to centers capable of providing endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) may induce shorter time to treatment and better functional outcomes. One of the limitations in this strategy is the need for accurately identifying LVO patients in the prehospital setting. We aimed to study the feasibility and diagnostic performance of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for the detection of LVO in patients with acute stroke.

Methods:

We conducted a proof-of-concept study and selected 15 acute ischemic stroke patients with angiographically confirmed LVO and 15 patients without LVO. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) of the common carotid arteries was performed, and flow profiles compatible with LVO were scored independently by one experienced and one junior neurologist.

Results:

Among the 15 patients with LVO, 6 patients presented with an occlusion of the carotid-T and 9 patients presented with an M1 occlusion. Interobserver agreement between the junior and the experienced neurologist was excellent (kappa = 0.813, p < 0.001). Flow profiles of the CAA allowed the detection of LVO with a sensitivity of 73%, a positive predictive value of 92 and 100%, and a c-statistics of 0.83 (95%CI = 0.65–0.94) and 0.87 (95%CI = 0.69–0.94) (experienced neurologist and junior neurologist, respectively). In comparison with clinical stroke scales, DUS was associated with better trade-off between sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion:

POCUS in acute stroke setting is feasible, it may serve as a complementary tool for the detection of LVO and is potentially applicable in the prehospital phase.
Establishing evidence-based pharmacologic treatments for neonatal abstinence syndrome: A retrospective case study
Authors: Brewer Sarah K. , Davis Jonathan M. , Singh Rachana , Welch Lisa C.
Published: July 2022

Translation of research discoveries into health impact can take many years, creating delays in improving clinical outcomes. One approach to promoting timely translation is to examine successful cases in order to understand facilitators and strategies for overcoming barriers. We examined the development of evidence-based management for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) at one academic medical center, with a primary focus on pharmacologic treatment. Despite a substantial increase in NAS case incidence starting in the early 2000s, significant sociocultural, policy, and regulatory barriers limited collaborative NAS research. Facilitators for translation encompassed: 1) pursuing research of societal interest, 2) building an effective interdisciplinary team, 3) intentionally linking clinical, research, and advocacy efforts, 4) broad stakeholder engagement across clinical, policy, and research arenas, and 5) leveraging local resources. Challenges included lack of commercially available U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved neonatal drug formulations, legal and regulatory barriers related to off-label and illicit use of opioids, recruitment for a treatment associated with drug withdrawal syndromes, misalignment of research design needs with real-world scenarios, and episodic funding. Benefits of successful translation included improvements in clinical care, reduced healthcare costs related to NAS, and enhanced legislative, policy, and research strategies to support broader neonatal investigations.
Private Law and the New Social Question
Authors: Deakin Simon
Published: July 2022

This review of Grundmann, Micklitz and Renner’s New Private Law Theory begins by noting its historical perspective, and the fruitfulness of setting alongside each other seminal writings of European jurists from the early twentieth century with the contributions of American law and economics and critical legal scholars from the late twentieth and early twenty-first. A century ago, legal scholarship was addressing the “social question:” How to accommodate private law to the demands of a rising working class? Today, steepening inequality and polarization have brought the social question, and with it class politics, back into view. Using as a case study the mass sackings engineered by the shipping company P&O in March 2022, we can see that today’s private law is deeply implicated in the generation of structural disadvantage. A private law more concerned with extracting and hiding wealth than creating it might be thought to have a limited future.
Reassessing growth and mortality estimates for the Ordovician trilobite Triarthrus eatoni
Authors: Pauly Daniel , Holmes James D.
Published: July 2022

A length–frequency sample (n = 295) from a fossil population of the Ordovician trilobite Triarthrus eatoni Hall, 1838, assembled and analyzed by J. L. Cisne in 1973 is here reexamined using methods of length–frequency analysis commonly used in fishery science and marine biology. Theoretical considerations and the empirical data at hand suggest that the growth of T. eatoni was not “linear,” but asymptotic, as is the growth of most Recent marine invertebrates. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function (L∞ = 41 mm, K = 0.29 yr−1) suggest that T. eatoni, which apparently lived in a challenging environment, grew somewhat more slowly than the extant marine isopod Ceratoserolis trilobitoides (Eights, 1833), used here as Recent analogue to T. eatoni. This trilobite probably lived up to 10 years, rather than the suggested 4 years, and its mortality rate was 15%–20% per year rather than 30%–40% per year. These represent the first estimates of trilobite absolute growth characteristics using methods known to accurately model growth in extant water-breathing ectotherms. These provide a baseline for trilobite growth that can be used to make inferences about growth in other species. The approach used here may also be applied to other trilobites for which suitable length–frequency data exist.
How Long was the Mesolithic–Neolithic Overlap in Western Scotland? Evidence from the 4th Millenniumbcon the Isle of Islay and the Evaluation of Three Scenarios for Mesolithic–Neolithic Interaction
Authors: MITHEN STEVEN
Published: July 2022

Ancient DNA studies have identified western Scotland as the only known region in Britain where inter-breeding occurred between early 4th millenniumbcNeolithic migrants and the indigenous Mesolithic population. By drawing on excavations at Mesolithic and Neolithic sites on the Isle of Islay, I identify a period of population overlap and suggest three scenarios for Mesolithic–Neolithic interaction: swift succession, dual population, and biocultural merger. These scenarios are evaluated against the archaeological evidence from Islay and elsewhere in western Scotland, and with reference to patterns of Mesolithic–Neolithic interaction in continental Europe. A cautious preference is expressed for biocultural merger, occurring between the mid-4th and mid-3rd millenniabc, a period that could be termed the ‘Neomesolithic’.
Derived homotopy algebras
Authors: Maes Jeroen , Muro Fernando
Published: July 2022

We develop a theory of minimal models for algebras over a Koszul operad with trivial differential defined over a commutative ring (containing $\mathbb {Q}$ in the symmetric case), not necessarily a field, extending and supplementing the work of Sagave for the associative case. Our minimal models are bigraded and contain a projective resolution of the homology.
A critical review on applications of hyperspectral remote sensing in crop monitoring
Authors: Yu Huan , Kong Bo , Hou Yuting , Xu Xiaoyu , Chen Tao , Liu Xiangmeng
Published: July 2022

Numerous technologies have contributed to the recent development of agriculture, especially the advancement in hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) constituted a revolution in crop monitoring. The widespread use of HRS to obtain crop parameters suggests the need for a review of research advances in this area. HRS offers new theories and methods for studying crop parameters, but much work needs to be done both experimentally and theoretically before we can truly understand the physical and chemical processes that predict these crop parameters. The study focuses on the following elements: 1) The article provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to HRS and how it can be applied to crop monitoring; 2) Current state-of-the-art techniques are summarized and analyzed to inform further advances in crop monitoring; 3) Opportunities and challenges for crop monitoring applications using HRS are discussed, and future research is summarized. Finally, through a comprehensive discussion and analysis, the article proposes new directions for using HRS to study crop characteristics, such as new data mining techniques including deep learning provide opportunities for efficient processing of large amounts of HRS data; combining the temporal and dynamic characteristics of crop parameters and vegetation growth processes will greatly improve the accuracy of crop parameter detection and monitoring; multidata fusion and multiscale data assimilation will become HRS monitoring. Multidata fusion and multiscale data assimilation will become another research hotspot for HRS monitoring of crop parameters.
Brain age and cognitive functioning in first-episode bipolar disorder
Authors: Chakrabarty Trisha , Frangou Sophia , Torres Ivan J. , Ge Ruiyang , Yatham Lakshmi N.
Published: July 2022

Background

There is significant heterogeneity in cognitive function in patients with bipolar I disorder (BDI); however, there is a dearth of research into biological mechanisms that might underlie cognitive heterogeneity, especially at disease onset. To this end, this study investigated the association between accelerated or delayed age-related brain structural changes and cognition in early-stage BDI.

Methods

First episode patients with BDI (n = 80) underwent cognitive assessment to yield demographically normed composite global and domain-specific scores in verbal memory, non-verbal memory, working memory, processing speed, attention, and executive functioning. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were also collected from all participants and subjected to machine learning to compute the brain-predicted age difference (brainPAD), calculated by subtracting chronological age from age predicted by neuroimaging data (positive brainPAD values indicating age-related acceleration in brain structural changes and negative values indicating delay). Patients were divided into tertiles based on brainPAD values, and cognitive performance compared amongst tertiles with ANCOVA.

Results

Patients in the lowest (delayed) tertile of brainPAD values (brainPAD range −17.9 to −6.5 years) had significantly lower global cognitive scores (p = 0.025) compared to patients in the age-congruent tertile (brainPAD range −5.3 to 2.4 yrs), and significantly lower verbal memory scores (p = 0.001) compared to the age-congruent and accelerated (brainPAD range 2.8 to 16.1 yrs) tertiles.

Conclusion

These results provide evidence linking cognitive dysfunction in the early stage of BDI to apparent delay in typical age-related brain changes. Further studies are required to assess how age-related brain changes and cognitive functioning evolve over time.
ELIZABETH (LISA) BAYARD FRENCH (1931–2021)
Authors: Sherratt Susan
Published: July 2022

Lisa French (1931–2021) was the first woman to be appointed as Director of the British School at Athens, from 1989–1994. Most of her adult life and career were devoted to the site of Mycenae, where she excavated with her father, Professor Alan Wace, in the 1950s and after his death in 1957 with Lord William Taylour. Thereafter, she continued studying and publishing the results of the excavations and studying and publishing on Mycenae and Mycenaean material culture more generally for the rest of her life. In 2013 she donated the Mycenae archive, containing records of all the British excavations at Mycenae, to the Faculty of Classics at Cambridge. She married David French in 1959, by whom she had two daughters. Her marriage led to her combining her work at Mycenae with playing an important part in French's excavations and, after he became Director of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, in effect taking responsibility for running the Institute from 1968 until 1976. The organisational experience this gave her proved invaluable when, after their divorce, she took up the wardenship of Ashburne Hall at Manchester University and later still when she became Director of the British School at Athens. Lisa was best known for her work on the Mycenaean terracotta figurines, which were originally the subject of her PhD thesis at University College London, and on the stratigraphically based chronology and typology of Mycenaean ceramic production, particularly that of Late Helladic III. Over the years, she successfully initiated successive generations of students of Mycenaean archaeology into the mysteries of its pottery.
The “staying alive” theory reinforces stereotypes and shows women's lower quality of life
Authors: Szocik Konrad
Published: July 2022

Staying alive theory explains why women have more effective self-protective mechanisms in terms of woman's role as a mother and caregiver. This theory reinforces stereotypes and the relationship of oppression and submission to men. Somewhat paradoxically, it also points to women's lower quality of life, which may be explained by their greater fear of threats caused by men's power.
Societies also prioritize female survival
Authors: Bleske-Rechek April , Deaner Robert O.
Published: July 2022

We extend Benenson et al.'s hypothesis from the individual level to the societal level. Because women have highly limited reproductive rates, societies have generally prioritized female survival and regarded males as expendable. We describe various lines of evidence that are consistent with this hypothesis, and we offer additional predictions about differential attitudes toward male versus female endangerment.
The offline and online effects of processing instruction
Authors: Henry Nick
Published: July 2022

The present study investigated the effects of processing instruction (PI) on the acquisition of accusative case markers in German, focusing on whether PI influences learners’ online processing behaviors. Third and fourth semester L1 English-L2 German learners were divided into two groups: a traditional instruction (TI) group and a PI group. Participants completed offline sentence interpretation and production tasks, as well as a self-paced reading (SPR) task, which provides a detailed investigation of how PI alters processing strategies. Results showed that the PI group outperformed the TI group on the sentence interpretation task and matched their performance on the production task. The SPR task revealed that, in some conditions, the PI group showed increased attention to and processing of accusative case markers after training, while the TI group did not. The results provide some support for the claim that PI is effective because it alters learners’ processing strategies.
Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: potential for treatment
Authors: Landini Linda , Dadson Prince , Gallo Fabrizio , Honka Miikka-Juhani , Cena Hellas
Published: July 2022

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by the restriction of energy intake in relation to energy needs and a significantly lowered body weight than normally expected, coupled with an intense fear of gaining weight. Treatment of AN is currently based on psychological and refeeding approaches, but their efficacy remains limited since 40% of patients after 10 years of medical care still present symptoms of AN. The intestine hosts a large community of microorganisms, called the “microbiota”, which live in symbiosis with the human host. The gut microbiota of a healthy human is dominated by bacteria from two phyla:Firmicutesand, majorly,Bacteroidetes. However, the proportion in their representation differs on an individual basis and depends on many external factors including medical treatment, geographical location and hereditary, immunological and lifestyle factors. Drastic changes in dietary intake may profoundly impact the composition of the gut microbiota, and the resulting dysbiosis may play a part in the onset and/or maintenance of comorbidities associated with AN, such as gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety and depression, as well as appetite dysregulation. Furthermore, studies have reported the presence of atypical intestinal microbial composition in patients with AN compared with healthy normal-weight controls. This review addresses the current knowledge about the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of AN. The review also focuses on the bidirectional interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (microbiota–gut–brain axis), considering the potential use of the gut microbiota manipulation in the prevention and treatment of AN.
The Disciple of the Yogini “Swallowed up” by the Tiger: Asceticism and Eremitic Life in Indian Painting
Authors: HUREL ROSELYNE
Published: July 2022

The long tradition of asceticism in India has an extensive iconography. It usually represents a poor and emaciated man, living on his own, occasionally with wild animals for company. Hindu and Muslim art and literature contain many such scenes, but female ascetics or yoginis only rarely appear. However, there is a seventeenth-century miniature in the Rietberg Museum which depicts the well-known subject of a young disciple visiting her guru. Seated together in a landscape in front of a thatched hut, they are surrounded by precisely painted Ustad Mansur-style flora and fauna. It was customary practice in Indian workshops for artists to copy original works by their masters, and to make versions using a stencil or charba. This particular miniature has been recreated several times. In the earliest, the two yoginis are placed in the same setting with their modest possessions. The topos remained popular until the end of the eighteenth century when a change occurred: the disciple of the old yogini disappeared, having been “swallowed up” by a tiger. Instead of two mystics talking together, the scene depicted is that of a tiger near a hermit, a typical Ragamala image known as Bengali Ragini. These new compositions were readily acquired by European collectors. A final version also exists that derives from the original Mughal topos which depicts the three: hermit, tiger, and…disciple.
Bihzad's Lost Album
Authors: ADAMOVA A.T.
Published: July 2022

This article1 suggests that some works in the muraqqa' of Bahram Mirza (Shah Tahmasp's brother) in 951/1544-45 (Istanbul, Topkapı Palace Library, H. 2154) may have come from the well-known album compiled and decorated by Bihzad, from which only the preface by Khvandamir remains. Dust Muhammad (the calligrapher) thus included the works of Bihzad that had previously been part of Bihzad's album, together with their captions, in Bahram Mirza's muraqqa'. In working on his album, Dust Muhammad followed the style of Bihzad, adding the inscriptions to the unsigned works in the same handwriting in similarly decorated panels. It suggests that Bahram Mirza's muraqqa' follows the same arrangement as that compiled earlier by Bihzad, which was probably one of Bihzad's most important works of the Safavid period when he worked in the court workshop of Shah Tahmasp in Tabriz.
Regularized modal verbs in Middle English dialects
Authors: GREGERSEN SUNE
Published: July 2022

The article investigates an overlooked development in the history of the English modals, namely the regularization of their plural inflection in Middle English (e.g. prs.ind.plshulleþ for expected shullen). Using the LAEME and eLALME atlases and a number of electronic corpora, I document the frequency and dialectal distribution of such regularized modal verbs. It is shown that regularized shall was fairly common in Late Middle English, regularized can less so, and regularized may only very sporadically attested. The distribution of these forms shows a clear areal pattern, being most numerous in manuscripts from the southwest Midlands. I suggest that the most likely explanation for the observed patterns is interparadigmatic analogy with the ‘anomalous’ verb will, which in some dialects had developed the same stem vowel as plural shall.
“Showing Up America”: Performing Race and Nation in Britain Before the First World War
Authors: Defrates Lewis
Published: July 2022

This article examines American travel and performance in Britain in the decades prior to the First World War, arguing that the expression of nationality in this transatlantic context played a profound role in formulating both America’s dominant culture and a culture of opposition advanced by African American performers. It explores this “oppositional” culture in detail, focusing on the transatlantic work of Ida B. Wells and the Fisk Jubilee Singers. Both found a sympathetic audience across the Atlantic at a time of increased repression at home. British support opened new avenues for these activists, but also limited the rhetorical possibilities of their work. By bringing into conversation previously separate historiographies on early waves of “Americanization,” the transnational dimensions of various reform movements and the international formation of the Black Atlantic, it illustrates the economic, infrastructural, and racial inequalities that shaped the United States’ emerging national culture.