bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Question Bank in Postharvest Technology: 2Nd Revised and Enlarged Edition
Authors: Guleria SPS , Verma Anil Kumar
Published: May 2023

The 2nd fully revised and expanded edition of the book Question Bank in Postharvest Technology has been fully uated with adequate number of MCQ's, Fill in The Blanks, Match the Followings and Glossary on the topic. With more than 1500 MCQs, 500 Fill in the Blanks and 300 match the Followings specifically on PST make the books a worth enough for every student.
Question Bank on Forestry
Authors: Shukla Gopal
Published: May 2023

This book has been constructed to fulfill the dream of younger minds. Book comprises of the multiple choice type questions, true & false and fills in the blanks for JRF/SRF/NET/ARS and other competitive examination. The questions from each and every subject of forestry are constructed with full care and avoid the complication so that students understand the subject in an easy manner. The book have separate chapters highlighting the forestry history, law, silviculture, forest management, biodiversity, agroforestry, forest seed, nursery management, comprehensive list of forestry and ICAR institutes and other event related to forestry.
Remote Sensing Data Analysis in R (Co-Published With Crc Press,Uk)
Authors: Kumar Nirmal
Published: May 2023

This book provides a comprehensive guided tour to the users for performing remote sensing and GIS operations in free and open source software i.e. R. This book is suitable for the users who have basic knowledge of remote sensing and GIS, but no or little knowledge about R software. It introduces the R software to users along with the procedures for its downloading and installation. It provides R-codes for loading and plotting of both raster and vector data; pre-processing, filtering, enhancement and transformations of raster data; processing of vector data; unsupervised and supervised classification of raster data; and thematic mapping of both raster and vector data. In addition to it, this book provides R-codes for performing advanced machine learning algorithms like random forest, support vector machine, etc. for supervised classification of raster data. This book is apt for the users who don’t have access to the sophisticated paid software of GIS and digital image processing. Sample data for practice is provided in an additional DVD so that users can get hands on training of the R-codes given in this book. This book can serve as a training manual for performing digital image analysis and GIS operations in R software.
Soil Health Analysis
Authors: Lenka N.K.
Published: May 2023

This book describes latest analytical procedures of key soil health indicators including physical, chemical and biological parameters. Most of the Soil Analysis manuals currently available, primarily deal with basic chemical and physical properties without giving emphasis on soil health assessment. However, literature shows indicator parameters such as soil carbon pools, soil aggregation behaviour, aggregate associated carbon content and biological activity are increasingly being used for monitoring the change in soil quality / soil health over a period of time. Analytical protocols in respect of these parameters are presently available in different research journals. This book compiles the procedures for the soil health indicator parameters including those being used of late for monitoring soil quality/soil health. This book is useful for researchers, post graduate students, academicians and policy makers in the fields of Soil Science, Agronomy, Natural Resource Management and Forestry.
Rainfed Agriculture
Authors: Nanwal R.K. , Rajanna G.A.
Published: May 2023

The chapters of the book have been selected and arranged in such a manner as to lead the students through the entire gamut of rainfed agriculture supported by suitable examples and diagrams. The topics covered are most relevant in view of growing interests in rainfed agriculture technologies. The focus is on new concept and approaches in dryland and rainfed lands; rainfed farming-introduction, characteristics, distribution and problems; efficient management of rainfed crops; water harvesting and moisture conservation; study of mulches and antitranspirants; principles of intercropping; concept of watershed resource management; drought and its management; soil erosion-definition, nature and extent of erosion; stress physiology; scope of agro-horticultural, agro-forestry and silvi-pasture in dryland agriculture etc.
Recycling of Industrial Effluents
Authors: Manivanan R.
Published: May 2023

Increase in the population has led to rapid industrialization, thus leading to pollution at all levels. With industries of various types discharging their all types of effluents in various sources of water, a constant need has been felt for recycling of these effluents, before discharging them in to these sources.   The book makes an attempt to equip it’s readers with each and every aspect of recycling of industrial effluents. The entire book provides adequate information from the very basics to various types of recycling techniques.
Textbook on Weed Science: Principles and Practices
Authors: Veeramani A.
Published: May 2023

This book was incorporated with general information about weeds with need based data on losses caused by weeds in agriculture and allied fields which include livestock, horticulture crops etc. and also national level loss in terms of reduction in food grain production in Indian economy. As management of weeds being a core area in crop production, it was dealt in detail on weed biology, weed ecology and also weed survey including sampling techniques. This was followed by various weed control methods specific to crops belonging to agriculture and horticulture. Of the weed management practices, integrated weed management was also discussed as well highlighting important crops grown in India as to follow the same by the farmers and extension workers for recommendation to the needy people. This book also comprises of herbicide history and its classification and characteristics with suitable examples. In addition, mode of action of herbicides, herbicide mixture, combinations, rotations, and their interaction were also given as separate chapter. In the recent decade, development of herbicide resistant crops are getting momentum world over, considering its potentiality, information on the same was also given in detail with suitable findings. Weed shift and its management and economic analysis of weed management were another chapters included in this book.
Soil Resources Inventory Management
Authors: Arunkumar V. , Pandiyan M.
Published: May 2023

This book aims to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts in soil and resource inventory - Concepts - Standard soil survey - Scope and objectives – Soil systematic - Soil mapping units - Methods and types of soil survey - Soil maps. Soil Classification - Modern Soil Taxonomy - USDA System - Diagnostic horizons- Soil orders . Soil survey reports-Soil Survey Interpretations - Land Capability Classification - Soil and Land Irrigability Classification Storie’s Index Rating - Fertility Capability Classification- Land suitability for field crops, horticultural crops and forest trees - Land Use Planning concepts and objectives. The book has been compiled in order to provide sound knowledge and to improve the technical competence of the Bachelor Degree of Agriculture students based on Undergraduate curriculum. The topics and contents have been presented to make it easy understanding for the students.
Solar Energy in Agriculture: Principles and Applications (Co-Published With Press,Uk)
Authors: Santra Priyabrata
Published: May 2023

The book focuses on all the possible options of solar energy use and generation in Agriculture sector. The book covers basic fundamentals of solar energy resources and technologies are discussed in detail. Overall, the book contains 23 chapters. Out of these, first two chapters focus on solar energy use pattern in agriculture sector in India at present time along with future scopes. The next eight chapters (Chapter No. 3-10) give a basic knowledge on fundamental principles of solar photovoltaic and thermal technologies. Last 13 chapters (Chapter No. 11-23) presents the applications of solar thermal and photovoltaic technology in different farm operations and postharvest processing in agriculture sector. The book will cater the needs for students, researchers, various stakeholders, entrepreneurs etc by providing valuable information on solar energy and its applications specifically focusing on agriculture.
Theories in Geography
Authors: Emayavaramban V.
Published: May 2023

The present book is an attempt to bring all theories of geography in one book for easy reading of teachers and students. Many divisions in geography has many theories. Readers should take effort to collect the theories from all books. All divisions has certain theories. There are so many theories in physical geography as well as human geography. A simple idea makes it convenient to read the theories in one book. First, we selected the certain theories as follows: Theory of continental drift, The theory of Isostasy, Von Thunens location theory, Crop combination method, The central place theory, Internal structure of city, The rank size rule, The social area analysis method, Losch’s theory of economics of location, Walter Isard’s theory, Alfred Weber’s theory of least cost location, Demographic transition theory, Malthusian Theory of population- Criticism and applicability and Growth pole theory. Like this, there are 14 theories collected and compiled in this book as first volume. The theories collected from both physical geography and human geography. These theories are very important for those who are preparing for UPSC, should go through the theories.
Seed Science and Technology: 2Nd Revised and Enlarged Edition
Authors: Vanangamudi K.
Published: May 2023

The second revised and enlarged edition covers the contents of ICAR syllabus. New To This Edition Chapter on hormones and seed dormancy Chapter on seed production in forage legumes and grasses Chapter on fruit seed production• Chapter on flower seed production Chapter on seed production in plantation crops and organic seed Chapter on traditional varieties and technologies Chapter on establishment of seed processing plant Chapter on establishment of seed testing laboratory The revised and enlarged edition is highly useful for UG and PG students of Agriculture and allied fields.
Soil Conservation: Fully Revised and Updated: 3Rd Ed.
Authors: Hudson Norman
Published: May 2023

SOIL CONSERVATION IS A KEY TEXT NOT ONLY FOR TH AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS, BUT ALSO FOR STUDENTS FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY-INDEED ALL THOSE CONCERNED WITH SOIL EROSION. THIS NEW AND FULLY REVISED EDITION OF THE NORMAN HUDSON STANDARD BOOK: 01.  GIVES INFORMATION ON RECENT ADVANCES, INCLUDING THE GREATER EMPHASIS ON SOUND LAND USE AND FARMINGMETHODS, THE IMPORTANCE OF INVOLVING THE FARMER AT ALL STAGES, THE NEED FOR LOW-COST, LOW LABOUR METHODS. 02.  SHOWS HOW RESEARCH, THEORY AND PRACTICE CAN BE APPLIED IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LIKE INDIA 03.  PRESENTS THE ENGINEERING APPROACH TO SOIL CONSERVATION IN A SINGLE COMMON SENSE WAY. THE TEXT REFELECTS THE COURSE IN SOIL SCIENCES AND AGRONOMY AS TAUGHT TO STUDENTS OF VARIOUS INDIAN UNIVERSITIES. THE RESULTIS A TEACHING TEST WHICH WILL BE OF USE TO ALL COUNTRIES WHERE SOIL CONSERVATION IS A MAJOR CONSIDERATON TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.
The Chemistry of Soil Constituents
Authors: Greenland D.J.
Published: May 2023

The book is intended to describe the chemistry of several of the important processes which take place in the soil. These are discussed in detail in the appropriate s which include treatments of precipitation and of ion-exchange reactions, adsorption and the formation of complexes, and of oxidation and reduction.
Town Planning: Regeneration of Cities
Authors: Joshi Ashutosh
Published: May 2023

This book is written with an objective to discuss various issues pertaining to urban regeneration. In course of discussions, valid questions are raised with an intention to cover social, economic and also spatial aspects of city rebuilding. The book is divided into three parts. The first part covers world view on urban regeneration and discusses city rebuilding processes in United States, United Kingdom and Europe. It further discusses transportation system and urban form of cities with focus on new urban centers. Classic examples of efficient town planning decisions of new cities around London and also new towns developed in India post independence are covered. The second part focuses on drawing regeneration strategies for Allahabad, a historic city of India. An established centre of administration, education and culture, and once the capital of the province, Allahabad has been an integral part of our history. The city has contributed immensely towards the building of modern day India. University of Allahabad, also known as the ‘Oxford of the East’, imparted quality higher education. The third part suggests various regeneration strategies for Allahabad and also for other similar historic cities in India. The regeneration strategies are based keeping in mind the educational and cultural aspect and also aims at strengthening the key historic nodes which are a vital part of our history and culture.
Inscribing the social
Authors: Deane-Freeman Timothy
Published: May 2023

This essay introduces Félix Guattari’s semiotics, paying particular attention to the role of “inscription,” which he will associate with distribution of and upon the social body. In laying out schematics of exchange and debt in the form of ritual markings and later, of writing, the “signification” of inscription is thus always implicated in projects of social organisation and control of disparate substances of expression. Against, however, these signifying semiotics, Guattari will posit symbolic semiotics, such as he locates in the worlds of “primitive” ritual, mime and gesture, and a-signifying semiotics, which are deployed as chains of information by computers. These semiotics, Guattari argues, remain resolutely dependent on their particular substances of expression, engendering individual and untranslatable worlds which might elude “capture” by dominant forms of social semiotics or inscription. This essay introduces these semiotic categories, arguing that this politics of signs constitutes a strikingly original and often overlooked philosophical intervention.
Event and elevation
Authors: Ritchie David
Published: May 2023

What is it like, the event in which we become ourselves? What is its relationship to other kinds of event? And where might the event happen? When people say today that they “stand with” or that they are “allies,” they are challenging hierarchical notions about how change happens, ones that derive from agreements about elevation. When someone says all men are created equal they could be saying, all men stand together on a flat plain. “Standing with” suggests the tactics of non-violent protest, people gathering in large numbers in a flat area and hoping that the sight of those large numbers will persuade someone somewhere to change what needs changing. When we climb onto a podium or write a thesis statement, we conjure inherited, one might say ghostly geometry: one person up, others watching, listening, reacting below. Other forms of address, made possible by technology, may require cultural adjustments.
Recognition and concealment
Authors: Veisland Jørgen
Published: May 2023

In his essay “On Time and Being” (1972; “Zur Sache des Denkens”, 1969) Martin Heidegger states that “Being is determined by time as presence” and then proceeds to analyze the relation between time and Being, ending his argument by calling that relation Ereignis, appropriation and event. Appropriation is a process of unconcealment that, paradoxically, yet conceals itself. Being is indeterminate and this indeterminacy is explored in Søren Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling and Repetition, in Paul Auster’s Portrait of an Invisible Man, Samuel Beckett’s Molloy and The Unnamable, Wallace Stevens’ poem “The Snow Man”, and Kirsten Thorup’s novel Indtil vanvid, indtil døden. The indeterminacy of Being is valorized as a positive difference existing concurrently in ontology and aesthetics. Poetry grasps this positive difference.
Improving Our Criticism of Technology in Mathematics Education
Authors: Cullen Craig J. , Hertel Joshua T.
Published: May 2023

Rather than centering technology, we need to view tools as raw materials that students can use strategically to build mathematical knowledge.
Is It Necessary to Add Aprotinin Before Measuring The Level of Irisin in Serum and Plasma Samples?
Authors: ŞAHİN Elif , HANDIRI Ecem , US ALTAY Diler , KEHA Eşref Edip
Published: May 2023

Irisin is a myokine with 112 amino acids and its blood concentration is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator1-α (PGC1-α). It is released into circulation from skeletal muscle tissue after a photolytic cleavage of extracellular domain of Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), a type I integral membrane protein. Aprotinin is a polyvalent serin protease inhibitor. It is added to sample solutions such as serum, plasma or tissue extracts in order to inhibit serine proteases found in the sample medium. Hence, degradation of the proteins to be measured can be prevented. This study has been carried out to obtain a preliminary data if any irisin loss could be seen in the serum samples which are kept at -80°C for a long duration. For this purpose, blood samples of 10 men and 10 women volunteers aged between 25-40 has been used. Aprotinin has been added to the plasma and the serum samples have been kept at -80°C for 3 months. At the end of 3 months, irisin levels of the samples with and without aprotinin have been determined by ELISA. Statistical analysis has shown no difference between the plasma samples with or without aprotinin (p=0.525). However, a significant decrease between the serum samples with and without aprotinin (p=0.009). In conclusion, with the results of this study, no net decision could have been achieved to add aprotinin to the samples for irisin determination with ELISA in plasma and serum kept at -80°C for about 3 months.
Stilladsering af logbog som metode til reflekteret læring
Authors: Andersen Aida Hougaard
Published: May 2023

Logbog som metode til understøttelse af refleksion kan være med til at bygge bro over kløften mellem teori og praksis som beskrevet af bl.a. nyuddannede psykologer. Studiet undersøger betydningen for de studerendes læringsoplevelse af stilladsering af logbogsmetoden gennem organiserede refleksionsøvelser og feedback i et praksisfællesskab.
Skriftlige og mundtlige evalueringer blandt 30 kandidatstuderende på psykologi samt beskrivelser af egen læring i eksamensopgaverne danner sammen med en fokusgruppe datamaterialet for analysen. 
Undersøgelsen viste, at refleksionsøvelserne uddybede og forankrede de studerendes læringsoplevelse og bidrog som et direkte afsæt til logbogsskrivningen. Peer-feedback bidrog til inspiration og fortrolighed med logbogsmetoden via aktiv deltagelse i praksisfællesskabet. Indsatsen ved logbogsskrivningen undervejs i faget mindskede generelt fokus på eksamensopgaven som præstation og tydeliggjorde læringsprocessen samt fokus på at studere. Via organisering af refleksioner i et praksisfællesskab samt peer-feedback fremmer logbogen som metode og eksamensform de psykologistuderendes læring og understøtter relationen mellem akademisk teori og psykologfaglig praksis.
DUT Guide: To Online Teaching
Authors: Stenalt Maria Hvid , Sidelmann Rossen Dorte
Published: May 2023

This guide provides eight tips for teachers on planning, developing, conducting, and evaluating online teaching. The guide refers to online teaching as educational interactions made possible by using digital information technology, and it relates, in particular, to active or student-centred approaches to teaching. In addition, the guide emphasises that online teaching is a multi-way process with many interactants, materials, and actions conveying meaning that affects students' sense-making and activities.
Pædagogisk kompetenceudvikling på de videregående uddannelser
Authors: Jensen Hanne Nexø
Published: May 2023

Madelung, B. (2022). Pædagogisk kompetenceudvikling på videregående uddannelser. Frederiksberg. Frydenlund.
Er du ansvarlig for pædagogisk kompetenceudvikling, og/eller er du underviser, der gerne vil for­stå rammerne for egne muligheder for pædagogisk opkvalificering, kan håndbogen Pædagogisk kompetenceudvikling på videregående uddannelser give nye indsigter og inspiration. I bogen er anlagt et holistisk syn i form af institutionel og organisatorisk kontekstualisering af pædagogisk udviklingsarbejde. Ens konkrete kontekst er vigtig at afkode for at forstå samspillet mellem organisation, ledelse og underviser. Bogen er teoretisk funderet og med øvelser undervejs, der kan bruges til at ”’oversætte” teorierne til egen praksis. Dertil kommer præsentation af mange konkrete værktøjer.
Ubehagelig udvikling
Authors: Christensen Mette Krogh
Published: May 2023

Den nye normal er blevet digital – eller det troede vi, mens corona-pandemien stod på og i månederne, der fulgte. Nu er der løbet mere vand i åen og vi er blevet klogere – eller er vi? For hvad har vi egentlig lært af den periode, hvor universiteterne lukkede ned for campusundervisningen? Hvad betyder det for universitetsundervisernes identitet? Betyder det noget overhovedet? I denne artikel vil jeg bidrage med et indlæg til debatten om, hvad vi kan lære af ubehaget i situationer, hvor der sker en dramatisk ændring af vilkårene for undervisning, eksemplificeret ved dengang i 2020-2022, hvor midlertidig fjernundervisning var hverdag.
Gamtininko Tado Ivanausko palikimas : straipsnių rinkinys
Authors: Venslauskas Saulius, Mindaugas
Published: May 2023

Publikaciją skiriama žymaus Lietuvos gamtininko, profesoriaus Tado Ivanausko profesinės, akademinės, mokslinės, gamtosauginės bei pilietinės-visuomeninės veiklos šviesiam palikimui atminti, ryšium su jo 140-ju gimtadieniu ir 100 m. Lietuvos universitetinio mokslo jubiliejumi. Knygelės ypatumas – čia rašo autoriai, daugumoje dalyko žinovai, kurie tiesiogiai bendravo su Tadu Ivanausku, buvo jo bendradarbiai, studentai, doktorantai arba šiuo metu yra profesoriaus įsteigtų mokslinių, gamtos puoselėjimo, tyrimo bei gamtos apsaugos institucijų darbuotojai ar vadovai. Publikacijos yra originalios ir spalvingos, kadangi Tado Ivanausko asmenybę ir veiklą kiekvienas autorius stebėjo savo skirtingu pasaulio suvokimo kampu. Galiu teigti, kad šioje knygelėje yra žinių, kurios galėtų dominti Lietuvos gamtos mokslinės pakraipos tyrinėtojus, gamtamokslio mokytojus, kai kuriuos moksleivius ir žinoma, eilinis skaitytojas čia rastų peno tobulindamas savo gimtojo krašto gamtos suvokimą.
Responsibility as a Principle of Public Control in the Russian Federation
Authors: Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich , Porkashyan Margarita Arturovna , Spektor Lyudmila Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2023

The multinational people of the Russian Federation are, in accordance with the Constitution of Russia, the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the country. At the same time, he exercises his powers both directly (for example, through the institutions of free elections and referendums) and indirectly (in particular, through the activities of public authorities). However, the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of society in the management of state affairs need a system of legal guarantees, the most important of which is the institute of public control, the legal basis of which is a system of principles – the basic, most general principles that determine the content and main directions of regulation of this institution of civil society in the Russian Federation. A number of scientific research methods are used in the work: comparative legal, historical legal, formal logical and a number of others. This article is devoted to the analysis of responsibility as a principle of public control in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is not only to substantiate the need to formalize the above-mentioned principle of this institution of civil society in the legislation on public control (in particular, in Article 6 of Federal Law No. 212-FZ dated 21.07.2014 "On the basics of public control in the Russian Federation"), but also to formalize and study the main problems preventing the consolidation and implementation of this principle of public control. The author developed and substantiated a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by introducing amendments and additions to the legislation of Russia.
Features of the institute of personal data as an element of the system of law
Authors: Zabarinskii Georgii Vladimirovich
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the institute of personal data in the Russian system of law, its position within the field of information law, to identify the features of the institute as a structural element of the system. The study reflects the main theoretical approaches in the definition and correlation of such concepts as “system of law”, “legal system”, “system of legislation”, “structure of the system of law”. The connection of the institute of personal data with such concepts as privacy, the secret of private life. The article notes about modern understanding of the branches of law, their elements, and the position of the institute of personal data in it. The institute also can be called as mixed or “interbranchial”, material and procedural at the same time, special, regulatory and protective and consisting of norms of various branches of law. The paper concludes about the theoretical possibility of applying methods and types of legal regulation from the civil law to the regulation of personal data, as well as the conclusion about the permissibility of the author's approach in structuring elements of new branches of law.
The objective side of the crime, the responsibility for which is established in Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Authors: Vinner Eleonora Romanovna
Published: May 2023

Special attention is paid to the objective side of the crime, responsibility for which is provided for in Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The problems arising in the interpretation of the term "malice" of evasion are analyzed. The conclusion is formulated that "malice" should be replaced by "repetition", providing for the interpretation of this term through administrative prejudice in the note to Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In this regard, it is proposed to exclude the term "malice" from the title of the article, and formulate it as: "Failure to fulfill the obligation to disclose and provide information defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation on securities." The necessity of changing the note to Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by specifying there the numbers of specific articles in the Administrative Code - Part 1 of Article 15.19 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and Part 1 of Article 19.7 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, since the existing term "similar act" causes ambiguity in its interpretation. The introduction of repetition and its interpretation in the note will make it easy to distinguish the crime provided for in Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation from an administrative offense, responsibility for which is established in Part 1 of Article 15.19 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation "Violations of legal requirements concerning the presentation and disclosure of information in financial markets" and in Part 1 of Article 19.7.3 "Non-presentation information to the Bank of Russia". The exclusion of socially dangerous consequences in the form of major damage to citizens, organizations or the state will allow this norm to become applicable.
Correlation between BMI and Static Biomechanical Lower Extremity Kinetic Chain Variables in Overweight Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bali Nishant Kumar , Raghav Deepak , Dwivedi Amit
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Lower Extremity Alignment (LEA) is a main influencing cause in the active motion of the human body. Changes in the lower limb kinetic chain can be pushed by Body Mass Index (BMI). The gait may be impacted, which may result in more energy usage. However, little is known about how BMI and other static alignment parameters such as Quadriceps (Q)- angle, tibial torsion and plantar arch index are related. Aim: To determine the correlation between BMI and lower extremity kinetic chain variables such as pronated feet, femoral anteversion, Q-angle, tibial torsion, plantar arch index, angle of toe and pelvic inclination. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiotherapy, Santosh Hospital Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 160 participants age ranged between 18 years and 30 years with a BMI between 25 kg/m2 and 29 kg/m2 were included in the study. The following parameters were measured: pronated foot, angle of toe, plantar arch index, pelvic inclination, femoral anteversion, Q-angle and tibial torsion. Correlation between BMI with the seven static alignment parameters mentioned above was statistically analysed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 23.82±2.021 years and mean BMI of the participants was 26.37±1.501 kg/m2 . There was significant correlation between BMI and pronated foot of both sides (r-value=0.256, 0.199, p-value=0.001, 0.012), BMI and plantar arch index of both sides (r-value=0.198, 0.161, p-value=0.013, 0.043). However, no significant correlation was found between BMI and Q-angle (r-value=0.137,0.144, p-value=0.087, 0.72), BMI and tibial torsion (r-value=0.024, 0.066, p-value=0.766, 0.413), BMI and anteversion (r-value=0.111, 0.134, p-value=0.164, 0.92), BMI and angle of toe (r-value=0.127, 0.139, p-value=0.111, 0.081) and, BMI and pelvic inclination (r-value=0.012, 0.013, p-value=0.885, 0.870). Conclusion: BMI was positively correlated with the pronated feet and plantar arch index, and this relationship was statistically significant. However, no statistically significant relationship between BMI and pelvic tilt, femoral anteversion, Q-angle, tibial torsion and angle of toe.
An Investigation on Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Alam Md. Ashraful , Munni Salma Akter , Mostafa Sabrina , Bishwas Raton Kumar , Jahan Shirin Akter
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Nano science and nano biotechnology provided enormous opportunities for exploring the bactericidal and fungicidal activities. Since ancient times, silver was known for its anti-bacterial effects and for centuries it has been used for prevention and control of disparate infections. On the effective use silver nanomaterials synthesized and characterized play a vital role of the modern science.

Aims: Our goal is to prepare silver nanomaterials since studies have shown that silver nanoparticles have efficient activity against bacterial biofilms.

Methodology: The silver nanoparticles were generally synthesized by non-aqueous sol-gel technique in the presence of different precursor by chelating agent.

Results: Here found a cubic unit cell with miller indices (111) (200) (220) (311) (222) and crystallite size around 50.00nm by XRD. The morphology of the prepared nano particles has been revealed by SEM below 10.00 nm and TEM is below 5.00nm in size of graphical presentation such as size, shape, surface etc. of the nanoparticles. DLS is a unique technique to discern particle size around 65.00nm and size distributions in aqueous or physiological solutions of the nanoparticles.

Conclusion: The studies on the combined synthesized and use of AgNPs with other antimicrobial agents generally help reduce the problem of toxicity and to avoid the potential for development of resistance and strongly enhance the microbicidal effect. This paper describes a short and very precise description about the chemical synthesis process of silver nanoparticles like no aqueous SGM. Also, this paper contains a brief description about different characterization technique of nanoparticles like X-ray Diffraction review the shape of crystal a cubic unit cell with miller indices (111) (200) (220) (311) (222) where crystallite size around 50.00nm, the morphology of the prepared nanoparticles has been revealed with size 10.00nm by SEM, Dynamic Light Scattering discern particle size around 65.00nm and Transmission Electron Microscope review the spherical shape of the nanomaterials.  Further investigation will be continuing the antimicrobial activity test of AgNPs with ceramic coating.
A Simplified Numerical Method for Simulating the Generation of Linear Waves by a Moving Bottom
Authors: Jung Jae-Sang
Published: May 2023

In this study, simplified linear numerical method that can simulate wave generation and transformation by a moving bottom is introduced. Numerical analysis is conducted in wave number domain after continuity equation, linear dynamic and kinematic free surface boundary conditions and linear kinematic bottom boundary condition are Fourier transformed, and the results are expressed in space domain by an inverse Fourier transform. In the wavenumber domain, the dynamic free water surface boundary condition and the kinematic free water surface boundary condition are numerically calculated, and the velocity potential in the mean water level (z = 0) satisfies the continuity equation and the kinematic bottom boundary condition. Wave generation and transformation are investigated when the triangular and rectangular shape of bottoms move periodically. The results of the simplified numerical method are compared with the results of previous analytical solutions and agree well with them. Stability of numerical results according to the calculation time interval (△t) and the calculation wave number interval (△k) was also investigated. It was found that the numerical results were appropriate when △t≤T(period)/1000 and △k≤π/100.
Screening for Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Jin Jill
Published: May 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes latent and active tuberculosis and discusses the pros and cons of screening for latent tuberculosis.
Biomimetic and Biophilic Design of Multifunctional Symbiotic Lichen–Schwarz Metamaterial
Authors: Saatchi Daniel , Oh Saewoong , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: May 2023

Noise and environmental problems are significant issues that affect human beings through the triggering of various stressors, including biological, chemical, physical, and psychological stressors. To address these issues, it is essential to develop environmentally friendly strategies, particularly in the field of materials manufacturing. This study presents a novel biomimetic and biophilic design of a lichen–Schwarz metamaterial (SLSM) that achieves multifunctional properties in noise attenuation and humidity control. The SLSM achieves acoustic and air humidifying multi‐functions symbiotically through the use of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and naturally occurring organic lichen. To attain partial or complete sound‐blocking capabilities at specific frequencies, a Schwarz meta‐symbiont in SLSM requires a parametric design of unit cell characteristics prior to 3D printing. The SLSM structure mimics a biomimetic shell and meta‐symbiotic exoskeleton that safeguards the inner symbiont lichen by transitioning it from a dry and brittle state to a hydrated and flexible state during humidity control. The symbiotic lichen in SLSM offers superior sound attenuation across a broader frequency range and adds a unique function of humidity control, which is essential for sustainable architecture and multifunctional furniture in the forthcoming era of buildings.
Exciton Formation Dynamics and Band‐Like Free Charge‐Carrier Transport in 2D Metal Halide Perovskite Semiconductors
Authors: Motti Silvia G. , Kober‐Czerny Manuel , Righetto Marcello , Holzhey Philippe , Smith Joel , Kraus Hans , Snaith Henry J. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M.
Published: May 2023

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors have driven a revolution in optoelectronic technologies over the last decade, in particular for high‐efficiency photovoltaic applications. Low‐dimensional MHPs presenting electronic confinement have promising additional prospects in light emission and quantum technologies. However, the optimisation of such applications requires a comprehensive understanding of the nature of charge carriers and their transport mechanisms. This study employs a combination of ultrafast optical and terahertz spectroscopy to investigate phonon energies, charge‐carrier mobilities, and exciton formation in 2D (PEA)2PbI4 and (BA)2PbI4 (where PEA is phenylethylammonium and BA is butylammonium). Temperature‐dependent measurements of free charge‐carrier mobilities reveal band transport in these strongly confined semiconductors, with surprisingly high in‐plane mobilities. Enhanced charge‐phonon coupling is shown to reduce charge‐carrier mobilities in (BA)2PbI4 with respect to (PEA)2PbI4. Exciton and free charge‐carrier dynamics are disentangled by simultaneous monitoring of transient absorption and THz photoconductivity. A sustained free charge‐carrier population is observed, surpassing the Saha equation predictions even at low temperature. These findings provide new insights into the temperature‐dependent interplay of exciton and free‐carrier populations in 2D MHPs. Furthermore, such sustained free charge‐carrier population and high mobilities demonstrate the potential of these semiconductors for applications such as solar cells, transistors, and electrically driven light sources.
In‐Drop Thermal Cycling of Microcrystal Assembly for Senescence Control with Minimal Variation in Efficacy
Authors: Miller Ryan C. , Lee Jonghwi , Kim Young Jun , Han Hee‐Sun , Kong Hyunjoon
Published: May 2023

The secretome from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently gained attention for new therapeutics. However, clinical application requires in vitro cell manufacturing to attain enough cells. Unfortunately, this process often drives MSCs into a senescent state that drastically changes cellular secretion activities. Antioxidants are used to reverse and prevent the propagation of senescence; however, their activity is short‐lived. Polymer‐stabilized crystallization of antioxidants has been shown to improve bioactivity, but the broad crystal size distribution (CSD) significantly increases the efficacy variation. Efforts are made to crystalize drugs in microdroplets to narrow the CSD, but the fraction of drops containing at least one crystal can be as low as 20%. To this end, this study demonstrates that in‐drop thermal cycling of hyaluronic acid‐modified antioxidant crystals, named microcrystal assembly for senescence control (MASC), can drive the fraction of microdrops containing crystals to >86% while achieving significantly narrower CSDs (13 ± 3 µm) than in bulk (35 ± 11 µm). Therefore, this approach considerably improves the practicality of CSD‐control in drops. In addition to exhibiting uniform release, MASC made with antioxidizing N‐acetylcysteine extends the release time by 40%. MASC further improves the restoration of reactive oxygen species homeostasis in MSCs, thus minimizing cellular senescence and preserving desired secretion activities. It is proposed that MASC is broadly useful to controlling senescence of a wide array of therapeutic cells during biomanufacturing.
Optically‐Boosted Planar IBC Solar Cells with Electrically‐Harmless Photonic Nanocoatings
Authors: Santos Ivan M. , Alexandre Miguel , Mihailetchi Valentin D. , Silva José A. , Mateus Tiago , Mouquinho Ana , Boane Jenny , Vicente António T. , Nunes Daniela , Menda Ugur D. , Águas Hugo , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Mendes Manuel J.
Published: May 2023

Advanced light management via front‐coated photonic nanostructures is a promising strategy to enhance photovoltaic (PV) efficiency through wave‐optical light‐trapping (LT) effects, avoiding the conventional texturing processes that induce the degradation of electrical performance due to increased carrier recombination. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) honeycomb arrays with different geometry are engineered through a highly‐scalable colloidal lithography method on flat crystalline silicon (c‐Si) wafers and tested on standard planar c‐Si interdigitated back‐contact solar cells (pIBCSCs). The photonic‐structured wafers achieve an optical photocurrent of 36.6 mA cm−2, mainly due to a broad anti‐reflection effect from the 693 nm thick nanostructured coatings. In contrast, the pIBCSC test devices reach 14% efficiency with 679 nm thick TiO2 nanostructures, corresponding to a ≈30% efficiency gain relative to uncoated pIBCSCs. In addition, several designed structures show unmatched angular acceptance enhancements in efficiency (up to 63% gain) and photocurrent density (up to 68% gain). The high‐performing (yet electrically harmless) LT scheme, here presented, entails an up‐and‐coming alternative to conventional texturing for c‐Si technological improvement that can be straightforwardly integrated into the established PV industry.
Microenvironment Restruction of Emerging 2D Materials and their Roles in Therapeutic and Diagnostic Nano‐Bio‐Platforms
Authors: Li Qian , Wu Xizheng , Mu Shengdong , He Chao , Ren Xiancheng , Luo Xianglin , Adeli Mohsen , Han Xianglong , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong
Published: May 2023

Engineering advanced therapeutic and diagnostic nano‐bio‐platforms (NBPFs) have emerged as rapidly‐developed pathways against a wide range of challenges in antitumor, antipathogen, tissue regeneration, bioimaging, and biosensing applications. Emerged 2D materials have attracted extensive scientific interest as fundamental building blocks or nanostructures among material scientists, chemists, biologists, and doctors due to their advantageous physicochemical and biological properties. This timely review provides a comprehensive summary of creating advanced NBPFs via emerging 2D materials (2D‐NBPFs) with unique insights into the corresponding molecularly restructured microenvironments and biofunctionalities. First, it is focused on an up‐to‐date overview of the synthetic strategies for designing 2D‐NBPFs with a cross‐comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. After that, the recent key achievements are summarized in tuning the biofunctionalities of 2D‐NBPFs via molecularly programmed microenvironments, including physiological stability, biocompatibility, bio‐adhesiveness, specific binding to pathogens, broad‐spectrum pathogen inhibitors, stimuli‐responsive systems, and enzyme‐mimetics. Moreover, the representative therapeutic and diagnostic applications of 2D‐NBPFs are also discussed with detailed disclosure of their critical design principles and parameters. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are also discussed. Overall, this review will provide cutting‐edge and multidisciplinary guidance for accelerating future developments and therapeutic/diagnostic applications of 2D‐NBPFs.
Approaching Microsized Alloy Anodes via Solid Electrolyte Interphase Design for Advanced Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Tian Yuan , An Yongling , Zhang Biao
Published: May 2023

Microsized alloy anodes (Si, P, Sb, Sn, Bi, etc.) with high capacity, proper working potential, high tap density, and low cost are promising for breaking the energy limits of current rechargeable batteries. Nevertheless, they suffer from large volume changes during cycling processes, posing a great challenge in maintaining a thin, dense, and intact solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Recent progress suggests that the problematic SEI layer can be turned to advantage in maintaining the integrity of microparticle anodes if well designed, which is expected to significantly boost the cyclic stability without resorting to complex electrode architectures. Advances in this attractive direction are reviewed to shed light on future development. First, the key issues of high‐capacity microsized alloy anodes and the fundamentals of the SEI layer are discussed. Thereafter, progress on the regulation strategies of SEI layers in high‐capacity microsized alloy anodes for advanced rechargeable batteries, including electrolyte engineering, electrode surface modification, cycle protocols, and electrode architecture design, are outlined. Finally, potential challenges and perspectives on developing high‐quality SEI layers for microsized alloy anodes are proposed.
Versatile Self‐Assembled Molecule Enables High‐Efficiency Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells and Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Wanhai , Liu Xin , Wang Juncheng , Chen Cong , Yu Jiangsheng , Zhao Dewei , Tang Weihua
Published: May 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) face device efficiency losses and instability challenges with existing hole transport materials (HTMs). The development of new universal HTMs is in great demand to promote their practical applications. Herein, a versatile self‐assembled molecule (SAM) based HTM is designed for record‐high efficiency wide‐bandgap (WBG, Eg >1.75 eV) PSCs, all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) and OSCs. The SAM exhibits high transmission and a lower‐lying energy level, enabling enhanced interfacial charge transfer and suppressed non‐radiative recombination losses. SAM based WBG PSCs deliver a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.63% with over 90% efficiency retention after 250 h continuous work. By stacking the optimal WBG PSC and a narrow‐bandgap PSC bottom cell, the 4‐terminal all‐perovskite TSC achieves a remarkable 26.24% PCE. More importantly, this SAM based HTM exhibits impressive generality in bulk heterojunction OSCs rivalling PEDOT:PSS, with an impressive PCE of 18.84% obtained for PM6:BTP‐eC9 based devices. When scaling up the PM6:BTP‐eC9 device to 0.5 cm2 in area (0.71 cm × 0.71 cm), the SAM based OSCs afford a highest PCE of 16.33%. This work provides a perspective for the design of universal SAM based charge transport materials targeting PSCs and OSCs for facile large‐area fabrication.
Understanding Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction on PdNiRuIrRh High‐Entropy‐Alloy by Machine Learning Potential
Authors: Men Yana , Wu Dean , Hu Youcheng , Li Lei , Li Peng , Jia Shuangfeng , Wang Jianbo , Cheng Gongzhen , Chen Shengli , Luo Wei
Published: May 2023

High‐entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts have been widely studied in electrocatalysis. However, identifying atomic structure of HEA with complex atomic arrangement is challenging, which seriously hinders the fundamental understanding of catalytic mechanism. Here, we report a HEA‐PdNiRuIrRh catalyst with remarkable mass activity of 3.25 mA μg−1 for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), which is 8‐fold enhancement compared to that of commercial Pt/C. Through machine learning potential‐based Monte Carlo simulation, we reveal that the dominant Pd−Pd−Ni/Pd−Pd−Pd bonding environments and Ni/Ru oxophilic sites on HEA surface are beneficial to the optimized adsorption/desorption of *H and enhanced *OH adsorption, contributing to the excellent HOR activity and stability. This work provides significant insights into atomic structure and catalytic mechanism for HEA and offers novel prospects for developing advanced HOR electrocatalysts.