bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomaviruses among women in Xianning, China
Authors: Qiu Bin , Jiang Na , Jiang Jinpeng , Mao Xuebao , Wang Xiuhong
Published: June 2024

Background

The persistent infection of high-risk Human papillomavirus(HPV) is considered the main cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. But various cervical lesions caused by HPV infection can be properly prevented by timely vaccination. However, the distribution of HPV genotypes varies geographically.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of high-risk HPV prevalence of 16,150 women from 2020 to 2022 in xianning of China. HPV genotyping was performed using a PCR-RDB Kit that can detect 18 high-risk HPV genotypes recommended by China’s National Medical Products Administration. The prevalence of 18 high-risk HPV genotypes and their relationship with cervical lesions as well as vaccine efficacy were analyzed.

Results

A total of 2431 women were confirmed to have different types of high-risk HPV infections. The overall positive rate reached 15.05%(2431/16,150). The most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes were HPV52, 16, 58, 53, and 51. The prevalence of high-risk HPV reached peak at age ≤ 20(20.95%) and age ≥ 61(20.56%). The most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes were HPV16, 58, 18, 33 and 52 in cervical cancer cases, HPV16, 52, 58, 33 and 18 in CIN2/3 cases, and HPV52, 58, 16, 53 and 18 in CIN1 cases, respectively.

Conclusion

HPV16, 58 and 18 are the most dangerous and carcinogenic genotypes in xianning, China. Conducting epidemiological investigations on high-risk HPV has significant clinical value in guiding HPV vaccination work.
Victimization, polyvictimization, and depression symptoms among immigrants and native children and youth in Chile
Authors: Pinto-Cortez Cristián , Marín-Gutiérrez Mauricio , Melis-Rivera Carlos , Contreras-Taibo Lorena , Moya-Vergara Rodrigo
Published: June 2024

Background

Migration exposes children and youth to vulnerabilities, including uprooting, lack of protection, limited access to services, and violence. Previous studies have shown that victimization experiences impact the mental health of migrant children, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. This study aims to examine the co-occurrence of multiple forms of maltreatment (polyvictimization) among migrant and Chilean children and youth and its association with depressive symptoms, addressing a research gap in Latin America.

Methods

Secondary data from the National Polyvictimization Survey (NPS) conducted by the Chilean Ministry of the Interior were analyzed. Measures assessing polyvictimization and depressive symptoms were administered to a sample of 1362 participants, with equal group sizes for migrants and Chilean-born individuals. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, group comparisons, correlation analyses, and multiple regression analyses.

Results

The study revealed marked differences in experiences of conventional crime victimization and polyvictimization between migrant and Chilean-born participants, with migrants facing slightly higher incidences. Correlational analysis indicated variable strengths of association between victimization types and depressive symptoms across groups, with Chilean-born individuals showing stronger correlations for certain victimization forms. Multiple regression analysis highlighted gender, polyvictimization, child maltreatment, internet victimization, sexual victimization, and peer/sibling victimization as significant predictors of depressive symptoms across the sample. Notably, an interaction was observed between child maltreatment and migrant status, indicating a mitigated impact of maltreatment on depressive symptoms among migrant adolescents. This suggests the potential for unique resilience or coping mechanisms in this group.

Conclusions

This study elucidates the varied victimization experiences of migrant children and youth in Chile, with a notable emphasis on the mitigating effect of migrant status on the relationship between child maltreatment and depressive symptoms. It highlights the resilience and potential adaptive strategies of migrant minors facing adversity. The findings underscore the necessity of developing support and intervention strategies that recognize the specific needs and strengths of migrant children and youth, advocating for policies that protect and empower this vulnerable demographic amidst new environmental challenges.
TFAP2A downregulation mediates tumor-suppressive effect of miR-8072 in triple-negative breast cancer via inhibiting SNAI1 transcription
Authors: Fang Yujie , Wang Yali , Ma Hongning , Guo Yuqi , Xu Rongrong , Chen Xixi , Chen Xuehua , Lv Ye , Li Pu , Gao Yujing
Published: June 2024

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly aggressive subset of breast malignancies characterized by its challenging clinical management and unfavorable prognosis. While TFAP2A, a member of the AP-2 transcription factor family, has been implicated in maintaining the basal phenotype of breast cancer, its precise regulatory role in TNBC remains undefined.

Methods

In vitro assessments of TNBC cell growth and migratory potential were conducted using MTS, colony formation, and EdU assays. Quantitative PCR was employed to analyze mRNA expression levels, while Western blot was utilized to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation status of AKT and ERK. The post-transcriptional regulation of TFAP2A by miR-8072 and the transcriptional activation of SNAI1 by TFAP2A were investigated through luciferase reporter assays. A xenograft mouse model was employed to assess the in vivo growth capacity of TNBC cells.

Results

Selective silencing of TFAP2A significantly impeded the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells, with elevated TFAP2A expression observed in breast cancer tissues. Notably, TNBC patients exhibiting heightened TFAP2A levels experienced abbreviated overall survival. Mechanistically, TFAP2A was identified as a transcriptional activator of SNAI1, a crucial regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular proliferation, thereby augmenting the oncogenic properties of TFAP2A in TNBC. Moreover, miR-8072 was unveiled as a negative regulator of TFAP2A, exerting potent inhibitory effects on TNBC cell growth and migration. Importantly, the tumor-suppressive actions mediated by the miR-8072/TFAP2A axis were intricately associated with the attenuation of AKT/ERK signaling cascades and the blockade of EMT processes.

Conclusions

Our findings unravel the role and underlying molecular mechanism of TFAP2A in driving tumorigenesis of TNBC. Targeting the TFAP2A/SNAI1 pathway and utilizing miR-8072 as a suppressor represent promising therapeutic strategies for treating TNBC.
Rituximab in the treatment of progressive interstitial lung disease associated with the antisynthetase syndrome
Authors: Narváez Javier , Cañadillas Elena , Castellví Iván , Alegre Juan José , Vicens-Zygmunt Vanesa , Bermudo Guadalupe , Vidal-Montal Paola , Molina Molina María , Nolla Joan Miquel
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the real-world, long-term effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) as a rescue therapy in patients with antisynthetase syndrome and progressive interstitial lung disease (ASS-ILD).

Methods

Multicentre observational retrospective longitudinal study of a cohort of patients with ASS-ILD that started treatment with RTX due to recurrent or ongoing progressive ILD despite therapy with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.

Results

Twenty-eight patients were analyzed. Examining the entire study population, before treatment with RTX the mean decline in %pFVC and %pDLCO from the ASS-ILD diagnosis to the initiation of RTX treatment (T0) was -6.44% and -14.85%, respectively. After six months of treatment, RTX reversed the decline in pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters: ∆%pFVC +6.29% (95% CI: -10.07 to 2.51; p=0.002 compared to T0) and ∆%pDLCO +6.15% (95% CI: -10.86 to -1.43; p=0.013).

Twenty-four patients completed one year of therapy and 22 two years, maintaining the response in PFT: ∆%pFVC: +9.93% (95% CI: -15.61 to -4.25; p=0.002) and ∆%pDLCO: +7.66% (95% CI: -11.67 to -3.65; p<0.001). In addition, there was a significant reduction in the median dose of prednisone, and it could be suspended in 18% of cases. In 33% of patients who required oxygen therapy at the start of treatment, it could be discontinued.

The frequency of adverse events reached 28.5% of cases.

Conclusion

Based on our results, RTX appears to be effective as rescue therapy in most patients with recurrent or progressive ASS-ILD unresponsive to conventional treatment. The use of RTX was well tolerated in the majority of patients.
Association of institutional masking policies with healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections in Swiss acute care hospitals during the BA.4/5 wave (CH-SUR study): a retrospective observational study
Authors: Dörr Tamara , Güsewell Sabine , Flury Domenica , Süveges Maria , Gaza Valera Camille Beatrice , Botero-Mesa Sara , Zanella Marie-Céline , Iten Anne , Balmelli Carlo , Troillet Nicolas , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , W Schreiber Peter , Jent Philipp , Damonti Lauro , Sommerstein Rami , Portmann Lea , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Cusini Alexia , Nussbaumer-Ochsner Yvonne , Heininger Ulrich , Berger Christoph , Zimmermann Petra , Gardiol Céline , Keiser Olivia , Schlegel Matthias , Kohler Philipp , P Kuster Stefan
Published: June 2024

Background

In the initial phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, masking has been widely accepted in healthcare institutions to mitigate the risk of healthcare-associated infection. Evidence, however, is still scant and the role of masks in preventing healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 acquisition remains unclear.We investigated the association of variation in institutional mask policies with healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections in acute care hospitals in Switzerland during the BA.4/5 2022 wave.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2 infections in hospitalized patients between June 1 and September 5, 2022, were obtained from the “Hospital-based surveillance of COVID-19 in Switzerland”-database and classified as healthcare- or community-associated based on time of disease onset. Institutions provided information regarding institutional masking policies for healthcare workers and other prevention policies. The percentage of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections was calculated per institution and per type of mask policy. The association of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections with mask policies was tested using a negative binominal mixed-effect model.

Results

We included 2’980 SARS-CoV-2 infections from 13 institutions, 444 (15%) were classified as healthcare-associated. Between June 20 and June 30, 2022, six (46%) institutions switched to a more stringent mask policy. The percentage of healthcare-associated infections subsequently declined in institutions with policy switch but not in the others. In particular, the switch from situative masking (standard precautions) to general masking of HCW in contact with patients was followed by a strong reduction of healthcare-associated infections (rate ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.30–0.49). In contrast, when compared across hospitals, the percentage of health-care associated infections was not related to mask policies.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest switching to a more stringent mask policy may be beneficial during increases of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections at an institutional level.
Analysing the impacts of a reform on harmful fishery subsidies in Spain using a social accounting matrix
Authors: Roca Florido Alberto , Padilla Rosa Emilio
Published: June 2024

The effects of discontinuing harmful fishery subsidies in Spain were analysed using a social accounting matrix. The study found that the removal of these subsidies would have negative consequences for the economy. Specifically, there would be a significant decline in the production value of marine resource industries, and industries dependent on fish and shellfish as inputs would experience increased production costs. The exports, mainly to EU countries, would also be impacted, and certain marine resource sectors would experience significant job losses. Fishing families would suffer the greatest reduction in income once subsidies are removed. However, there is potential to mitigate most of the negative impacts by redirecting the removed subsidies, as it is shown for the case of their redirection to research and development industries. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for EU policymakers in implementing specific policies to address the potential consequences on affected sectors, families, and employers as part of the next European strategy, Horizon 2021–2027.
The double-edged effects of IL-6 in liver regeneration, aging, inflammation, and diseases
Authors: Wang Min-Jun , Zhang Hai-Ling , Chen Fei , Guo Xiao-Jing , Liu Qing-Gui , Hou Jin
Published: June 2024

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine and exerts its complex biological functions mainly through three different signal modes, calledcis-,trans-, and cluster signaling. When IL-6 binds to its membrane or soluble receptors, the co-receptor gp130 is activated to initiate downstream signaling and induce the expression of target genes. In the liver, IL-6 can perform its anti-inflammatory activities to promote hepatocyte reprogramming and liver regeneration. On the contrary, IL-6 also exerts the pro-inflammatory functions to induce liver aging, fibrosis, steatosis, and carcinogenesis. However, understanding the roles and underlying mechanisms of IL-6 in liver physiological and pathological processes is still an ongoing process. So far, therapeutic agents against IL‑6, IL‑6 receptor (IL‑6R), IL-6-sIL-6R complex, or IL-6 downstream signal transducers have been developed, and determined to be effective in the intervention of inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we summarized and highlighted the understanding of the double-edged effects of IL-6 in liver homeostasis, aging, inflammation, and chronic diseases, for better shifting the “negative” functions of IL-6 to the “beneficial” actions, and further discussed the potential therapeutic effects of targeting IL-6 signaling in the clinics.
Psychological wellbeing with music therapy: the moderating role of health awareness, and strategic health management in post Covid-19 era
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: June 2024

Background

Psychological problems are common among the people of every community. These psychological issues are leading people to mental health issues. Human well-being is required to be improved appropriately for the better health of the public. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of music therapy on the sustainable psychological well-being of the Chinese community. Furthermore, this research determines that moderating role of health awareness and strategic health management between music therapy and sustainable psychological well-being.

Method

The research used a sample of 384 collected with a random sampling method. For data collection, a cross-sectional method was adopted to collect data on a Likert scale questionnaire. The Health Awareness Scale, Music Therapy Scale, Sustainable Health Management Scale and Sustainable Psychological Wellbeing Scale was used in this research.

Results

The findings of the research highlighted that there is a significant and positive influence of music therapy on the sustainable psychological well-being of the Chinese community. This research also concluded that there is a significant and positive moderating role of health awareness and strategic health management between music therapy and sustainable psychological well-being. The findings of this research are new and novel in the literature on psychological well-being.

Conclusion

This research has some theoretical and practical implications to advance the literature and practice for sustainable psychological well-being respectively. In clinical practice, music therapy can be effectively used to improve the psychological well-being of individuals with sustainability. The information related to health awareness and practice for strategic health management is also necessary for the clinical patients to improve their psychological well-being.
A grounded theory-based model of information communication in cultural heritage digital reading on the social media from the perspective of the embodied theory
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Xu Chenyu
Published: June 2024

New media technologies have opened up new possibilities for the communication of cultural heritage, and digital reading aligns with the participatory shift in museums, becoming an indispensable part of information communication. Currently, there exists a certain contradiction between the professional content of cultural heritage and the non-linear and immersive narrative style of new media. In order to find a balance between form and content, and explore the information communication pattern of cultural heritage in the era of mobile media, starting from practical issues, this article introduces the theory of embodied cognition, combines it with relevant theories in communication studies, and systematically explores the impact of embodied factors on audience reading behavior by using semi-structured interviews and grounded theory. The research reveals that embodied cognition, situational cognition, and interactive cognition have a significant impact on the digital reading information communication of cultural heritage on social media, which includes six factors: functional experience, sensory experience, interactive experience, scene simulation, emotional elevation and social experience. This study further constructed a theoretical model of the factors influencing the effectiveness of information communication in cultural heritage digital reading on the social media platform under the influence of embodied cognition theory, which confirms that these six factors play a significant role in the process of museum content generation, audience understanding, as well as the emergence of and the feedback loop of new meanings.
Exploring the viability of Bentonite-amended blends incorporating marble dust, sand, and fly ash for the creation of an environmentally sustainable landfill liner system
Authors: Jain Ankush Kumar
Published: June 2024

The development of effective and cost-efficient landfill liners is crucial to prevent groundwater contamination from leachate, safeguarding soil quality and the environment. Composite liners, particularly those combining bentonite with supplementary materials such as fly ash or marble dust, present a promising solution. This study delves into a comprehensive investigation of the physical properties of landfill liners composed of bentonite-fly ash and bentonite-marble dust mixtures through an extensive series of laboratory tests. The research systematically analyzes various proportions of bentonite with fly ash and marble dust, evaluating their impact on liner performance in comparison to Bentonite-sand mixtures. Physicochemical analyses are employed to understand the interactions and behaviors of these distinct substances within the amended bentonite. A wide array of physical properties, including Atterberg’s limits, compaction characteristics, free swell index, modified free swell index, California bearing ratio, cohesion, and angle of internal friction, are meticulously examined. Collectively, these properties offer a comprehensive overview of the suitability and performance potential of bentonite-fly ash and bentonite-marble dust mixtures as landfill liners, presenting a viable alternative to traditional bentonite-sand mixtures. The study reveals synergistic effects between bentonite and both fly ash and marble dust, highlighting their significant contributions to enhancing the physical traits of landfill liners. This advancement in landfill liner design holds the promise of effectively mitigating detrimental environmental impacts associated with waste disposal. While this study provides a robust foundation, it is essential for future investigations to prioritize long-term performance assessments and real-world implementation. Validation and fine-tuning of these findings are crucial to ensuring practical applicability and efficacy within authentic landfill construction scenarios. This holistic approach will contribute to the continued evolution and optimization of landfill liner design, addressing the pressing challenges of sustainable waste management and environmental protection.
Randomized Phase III Study of Amcenestrant Plus Palbociclib Versus Letrozole Plus Palbociclib in Estrogen Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Primary Results From AMEERA-5
Authors: Cortés Javier , Hurvitz Sara A. , O'Shaughnessy Joyce , Delaloge Suzette , Iwata Hiroji , Rugo Hope S. , Neven Patrick , Kanagavel Dheepak , Cohen Patrick , Paux Gautier , Cartot-Cotton Sylvaine , Stefanova-Urena Maya , Deyme Laure , Aouni Jihane , Sebastien Bernard , Bardia Aditya
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE

AMEERA-5 investigated amcenestrant (oral selective estrogen receptor [ER] degrader) plus palbociclib versus letrozole plus palbociclib as first-line treatment for ER-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (ER+/HER2–) advanced/metastatic breast cancer (aBC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In AMEERA-5 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04478266 ), a double-blind, double-dummy, international phase III trial, adult pre-/post-menopausal women and men without previous systemic therapy for ER+/HER2– aBC were randomly assigned 1:1 to amcenestrant 200 mg once daily + standard palbociclib dosage (125 mg once daily, 21 days on/7 days off) or letrozole 2.5 mg once daily + standard palbociclib dosage, stratified by de novo metastatic disease, postmenopausal women, and visceral metastasis. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), compared using a stratified log-rank test with one-sided type I error rate of 2.5%. Secondary end points included overall survival (key secondary), pharmacokinetics, and safety.

RESULTS

Between October 14, 2020, and December 2, 2021, 1,068 patients were randomly assigned to amcenestrant + palbociclib (N = 534) or letrozole + palbociclib (N = 534). At the interim analysis (median follow-up 8.4 months), the stratified hazard ratio for PFS was 1.209 (95% CI, 0.939 to 1.557; one-sided P value = .9304); therefore, the study was stopped for futility. The 6-month PFS rate was 82.7% (95% CI, 79.0 to 85.8) with amcenestrant + palbociclib versus 86.9% (95% CI, 83.5 to 89.6) with letrozole + palbociclib. In the amcenestrant + palbociclib versus letrozole + palbociclib groups, treatment-emergent adverse events (any grade) occurred in 85.6% versus 85.4% of patients and grade ≥3 events in 46.3% versus 60.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The AMEERA-5 study was discontinued on the basis of the recommendation of the data monitoring committee at the interim futility analysis. No new safety signals were identified.
Double CYP11B1/CYP11B2 Immunohistochemistry and Detection of KCNJ5 Mutations in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Caroccia Brasilina , Lenzini Livia , Ceolotto Giulio , Gioco Francesca , Benetti Andrea , Giannella Alessandra , Ajjour Hala , Galuppini Francesca , Pennelli Gianmaria , Seccia Teresa Maria , Gomez-Sanchez Celso , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: June 2024

Context

The search for somatic mutations in adrenals resected from patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) is performed by Sanger sequencing, often implemented with immunohistochemistry (IHC)-guidance focused on aldosterone-producing (CYP11B2-positive) areas.

Objective

To investigate the impact of double IHC for CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 on Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods

We investigated 127 consecutive adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas from consenting surgically cured PA patients using double IHC for CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, by Sanger sequencing and NGS.

Results

Double IHC for CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 revealed 3 distinct patterns: CYP11B2-positive adenoma (pattern 1), mixed CYP11B1/CYP11B2-positive adenoma (pattern 2), and adrenals with multiple small CYP11B2-positive nodules (pattern 3). Sanger sequencing allowed detection of KCNJ5 mutations in 44% of the adrenals; NGS revealed such mutations in 10% of those negative at Sanger and additional mutations in 61% of the cases. Importantly the rate of KCNJ5 mutations differed across patterns: 17.8% in pattern 1, 71.4% in pattern 2, and 10.7% in pattern 3 (χ2 = 22.492, P < .001).

Conclusion

NGS allowed detection of mutations in many adrenals that tested negative at Sanger sequencing. Moreover, the different distribution of KCNJ5 mutations across IHC patterns indicates that IHC-guided sequencing protocols selecting CYP11B2-positive areas could furnish results that might not be representative of the entire mutational status of the excised adrenal, which is important at a time when KCNJ5 mutations are suggested to drive management of patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas.
Bilateral Adrenocortical Nodular Disease and Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Bouys Lucas , Violon Florian , Louiset Estelle , Sibony Mathilde , Lefebvre Hervé , Bertherat Jérôme
Published: June 2024

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) and bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease (BMAD) are 2 forms of adrenocortical nodular diseases causing Cushing's syndrome but are 2 very distinct conditions. PPNAD, affecting mostly young patients with an almost constant severe Cushing's syndrome, is characterized by pigmented micronodules, usually less than 1 cm, not always visible on imaging. On the contrary, BMAD is predominantly diagnosed in the fifth and sixth decades, with highly variable degrees of cortisol excess, from mild autonomous cortisol secretion to overt Cushing's syndrome. BMAD presents as large bilateral adrenal macronodules, easily observed on imaging. Both diseases are often genetically determined: frequently PPNAD is observed in a multiple neoplasia syndrome, Carney complex, and a germline genetic defect is identified in around 80% of index cases, always affecting key actors of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway: mostly PRKAR1A, encoding the PKA 1-alpha regulatory subunit. On the other hand, BMAD appears mostly isolated, and 2 predisposing genes are known at present: ARMC5, accounting for around 20% of index cases, and the recently identified KDM1A, causing the rare presentation with food-dependent Cushing's syndrome, mediated by the ectopic expression of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in adrenal nodules. GIPR was the first demonstrated receptor to illegitimately regulate cortisol secretion in nodular adrenocortical diseases, and a myriad of other receptors and paracrine signals were discovered afterward. The last 30 years were pivotal in the understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of bilateral adrenocortical nodular diseases, leading to a personalized approach of these fascinating conditions.
Exogenous Glucagon-like Peptide 2 Counteracts Exogenous Cholecystokinin-induced Gallbladder Contraction in Healthy Men
Authors: Lange Andreas H , Hansen Nina L , Pedersen Miriam G , Nerild Henriette H , Rehfeld Jens F , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J , Ellegaard Anne-Marie , Knop Filip K
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective

Studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) promotes gallbladder relaxation and refilling. Here, we assessed the effect of exogenous GLP-2 on gallbladder motility in the fasted state of healthy men with and without infusion of the potent gallbladder-contracting hormone cholecystokinin (CCK).

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 15 male participants (mean [SD]: age 24.7 [3.6] years; body mass index 22.9 [1.6] kg/m2) underwent 4 experimental days receiving 2 infusions on each day: either CCK (0.4 pmol × kg−1 × min−1, time 0-180 minutes) + GLP-2 (10 pmol × kg−1 × min−1, time 30-240 minutes), CCK + placebo, placebo + GLP-2, or placebo + placebo, respectively. Gallbladder volume was measured at baseline and throughout the 4-hour study day using ultrasonography.

Results

Compared to placebo + placebo, GLP-2 + placebo did not affect gallbladder volume, but when infused in combination with CCK, GLP-2 completely abolished the strong gallbladder-contracting effect seen during CCK + placebo infusion, restoring baseline levels of gallbladder volume.

Conclusion

Exogenous GLP-2 counteracts exogenous CCK-induced gallbladder emptying in healthy men, pointing to a possible therapeutic potential for GLP-2 as a relaxing modulator of gallbladder smooth muscle tone (eg, as a bridge to surgery in biliary colic). The effect may also explain the gallbladder-related adverse events reported for GLP-2 receptor agonists used in the treatment of short bowel syndrome.

Clinical Trial Registration number

NCT04651868
Effects of Genetic Risk on Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemia: The T2D-GENE Lifestyle Intervention Trial
Authors: Lankinen Maria Anneli , Nuotio Petrus , Kauppinen Susanna , Koivu Noora , Tolonen Ulla , Malkki-Keinänen Katriina , Oravilahti Anniina , Kuulasmaa Teemu , Uusitupa Matti , Schwab Ursula , Laakso Markku
Published: June 2024

Context

Lifestyle intervention prevents or delays type 2 diabetes (T2D) in subjects at a high risk of T2D. However, it is not known whether genetic variants modify the effect on incident T2D during lifestyle intervention.

Objective

To investigate whether a low or high genetic risk has effects on incident T2D in a group-based lifestyle intervention study.

Methods

The T2D-GENE trial involved 973 men from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort, aged 50-75 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L, hemoglobin A1c < 48 mmol/mol, and either a low or high genetic risk score for T2D. There were 2 intervention groups, a low (n = 315) and high genetic risk for T2D (n = 313). They were provided with a 3-year group-based intervention with access to a web portal focused on healthy diet and physical activity. There were also corresponding population-based control groups at low (n = 196) and high (n = 149) genetic risk for T2D who had two laboratory visits (0 and 3 years) and general health advice as a part of their METSIM cohort protocol. The primary outcome was incident T2D, and a secondary outcome was glycemia.

Results

The intervention significantly lowered the risk of T2D among the participants with a high genetic risk for T2D [hazards ratio (HR) 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16-0.56, P < .001) whereas in the low genetic risk group the effect was not significant (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.36-1.32, P = .262). The intervention effect was not significantly different between the high and low genetic risk groups (P = .135). The intervention significantly ameliorated the worsening of glycemia and decreased weight both in the low and high genetic risk groups.

Conclusion

Our results showed that individuals with a high genetic risk for T2D benefitted from a low-cost group-based intervention focusing on healthy diet and physical activity. Therefore, all individuals at risk of T2D should be encouraged to make lifestyle changes regardless of genetic risk.
Approach to the Patient With Suspected Silver-Russell Syndrome
Authors: Kurup Uttara , Lim David B N , Palau Helena , Maharaj Avinaash V , Ishida Miho , Davies Justin H , Storr Helen L
Published: June 2024

Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinical diagnosis requiring the fulfillment of ≥ 4/6 Netchine-Harbison Clinical Scoring System (NH-CSS) criteria. A score of ≥ 4/6 NH-CSS (or ≥ 3/6 with strong clinical suspicion) warrants (epi)genetic confirmation, identifiable in ∼60% patients. The approach to the investigation and diagnosis of SRS is detailed in the only international consensus guidance, published in 2016. In the intervening years, the clinical, biochemical, and (epi)genetic characteristics of SRS have rapidly expanded, largely attributable to advancing molecular genetic techniques and a greater awareness of related disorders. The most common etiologies of SRS remain loss of methylation of chromosome 11p15 (11p15LOM) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat). Rarer causes of SRS include monogenic pathogenic variants in imprinted (CDKN1C and IGF2) and non-imprinted (PLAG1 and HMGA2) genes. Although the age-specific NH-CSS can identify more common molecular causes of SRS, its use in identifying monogenic causes is unclear. Preliminary data suggest that NH-CSS is poor at identifying many of these cases. Additionally, there has been increased recognition of conditions with phenotypes overlapping with SRS that may fulfill NH-CSS criteria but have distinct genetic etiologies and disease trajectories. This group of conditions is frequently overlooked and under-investigated, leading to no or delayed diagnosis. Like SRS, these conditions are multisystemic disorders requiring multidisciplinary care and tailored management strategies. Early identification is crucial to improve outcomes and reduce the major burden of the diagnostic odyssey for patients and families. This article aims to enable clinicians to identify key features of rarer causes of SRS and conditions with overlapping phenotypes, show a logical approach to the molecular investigation, and highlight the differences in clinical management strategies.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Metabolic Syndrome, and Inflammation in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Rao Hridya C , Meyer Michelle L , Kominiarek Michelle A , Daviglus Martha L , Gallo Linda C , Cordero Christina , Syan Raveen , Perreira Krista M , Talavera Gregory A , Fernández-Rhodes Lindsay
Published: June 2024

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder with reproductive and metabolic dysregulation. PCOS has been associated with inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the moderating effects of inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) and menopause on the PCOS-MetS association have not been studied in Hispanic/Latinas with PCOS who have a higher metabolic burden.

Objective

We studied the cross-sectional association between PCOS and (1) MetS in 7316 females of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), (2) subcomponents of MetS including impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and elevated triglycerides (TGL), and (3) effect modification by menopausal status and CRP.

Design

The HCHS/SOL is a multicenter, longitudinal, and observational study of US Hispanic/Latinos. Our study sample included females from visit 2 with self-reported PCOS and MetS (ages 23-82 years).

Results

PCOS (prevalence = 18.8%) was significantly associated with MetS prevalence [odds ratio [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.76)], IFG and TGL (OR = 1.42 (1.18-1.72), OR = 1.48 (1.20-1.83), respectively]. We observed effect modification by menopausal status (ORpre = 1.46, Pint  = .02; ORpost = 1.34, Pint  = .06) and CRP (ORelevated = 1.41, Pint  = .04; ORnormal = 1.26, Pint  = .16) on the PCOS-MetS association. We also observed a superadditive interaction between CRP and PCOS, adjusting for which resulted in an attenuated effect of PCOS on MetS (OR = 1.29 [0.93-1.78]).

Conclusion

Hispanic/Latino females with PCOS had higher odds of MetS, IFG, and elevated TGL than their peers without PCOS. Interaction analyses revealed that the odds of MetS are higher among PCOS females who have premenopausal status or high inflammation. Interventions in Hispanic/Latinas should target these outcomes for effective management of the disease.
Detour to the Imaginary
Authors: Tawadros Gilane
Published: June 2024

The introduction unpacks the significance of Stuart Hall’s ideas on visual art and culture, and it outlines the variety of materials included in the collection—for example, essays, lectures, reviews, catalogue texts, and conversations.
The Vertigo of Displacement
Authors: Bailey David A. , Hall Stuart
Published: June 2024

Chapter 13 traces a shift in black photographic image making and in the representation of black masculinity in documentary and avant-garde photography.
Organisms have gravity: taking an organism-centered approach in experimental biology
Authors: Womack Molly C. , McKay Strobel Sarah , Phillips Jackson R. , Parreiras Julia S. , Grundler Maggie R. , Vredenburg Vance T. , Wake Marvalee H.
Published: June 2024

When you take the time to observe another organism, there is a sort of gravity that can take hold, a mixture of curiosity and connection that expands and strengthens the more you interact with that organism. Yet, in research, a connection with one's study organism can, at times, feel countercultural. Study organisms are sometimes viewed more as tools to conveniently study biological questions. Here, we explicitly highlight the importance of organism-centered research not only in scientific discovery, but also in conservation and in the communication and perception of science.
The dynamics of financial performance and market performance in the context of Indian banking industry
Authors: Sar Ashok , Panigrahi Kshirod
Published: June 2024

Background This study aims to gain insight into the effect of banks’ financial performance on their market performance. We conceptualized the research subject on the assumption that the financial performance of an organization is the most important criterion for triggering movement in its stock price. We explored various models and parameters to evaluate financial performance of banks and found CAMELS being one of the most comprehensive and appropriate model. We considered share price growth of banks to measure their stock market performance Methods We collected financial and stock market data pertaining to 32 listed Indian banks for the period 2018 to 2022. The study has employed multiple linear regression analysis of panel data for evaluating the relationship between independent and dependent variables. We adopted panel regression for data analysis and used the Prais- Winsten regression with panel corrected standard errors, as the data suffers from contemporaneous cross-sectional correlation. Results The results show that net non-performing assets, net interest margins, and return on capital have a significant negative impact on share price growth. The capital adequacy ratio and the current and savings account deposit ratios have a positive insignificant impact. The liquid asset-to-total asset ratio has a negative, insignificant impact. The coefficient of determination indicates that the share price growth of banks is more dependent on other factors which are not included in the regression analysis of this study. Conclusion This study helps investors and bankers understand the limited impact of financial parameters on banks’stock prices and to look for other parameters which explain the stock price movement better.
Profile: The Kenya Multi-Site Serosurveillance (KEMIS) collaboration
Authors: Kagucia E. Wangeci , Voller Shirine , Ziraba Abdhalah K. , Bigogo Godfrey , Munywoki Patrick K. , Makobu Kimani , Nokes D. James , Nyagwange James , Orlendo Cameline , Akech Donald , Sigilai Antipa , Onyango Clayton , Juma Bonventure , Herman-Roloff Amy , Munyua Peninah , Apondi Caroline , Lidechi Shirley , Audi Allan , Ouma Alice , Aol George , Misore Thomas , Nasimiyu Caroline , Onyango Dickens , Lo Terrence , Kasera Kadondi , Jalang'o Rose , Kingwara Leonard , Adetifa Ifedayo , Etyang Anthony O. , Warimwe George , Agweyu Ambrose , Scott J. Anthony G.
Published: June 2024

The Kenya Multi Site Serosurveillance (KEMIS) collaboration set out to implement an integrated, nationally representative, population-based program of serological surveillance for past infection for a number of important infectious diseases in Kenya. The project started in December 2021 and built on a portfolio of SARS-CoV-2 research conducted in 2020 and 2021. In this profile paper, we describe the background of the KEMIS collaboration, its aim and objectives, the Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites that were involved in data collection, and the key activities undertaken. We also explain how we established governance and management of the KEMIS collaboration, and reflect on opportunities, challenges, lessons learned, and future directions.
Dialekty Buchary w świetle europejskich XVIII- i XIX-wiecznych źródeł leksykograficznych
Authors: Paraskiewicz Kinga
Published: June 2024

This work is devoted to the Bukhara dialects, described by 18th-century travelers, from the times of the decline of the Bukhara Khanate (18th-19th century). The state, which existed for more than four centuries and was founded by Uzbeks with its center in Mawarannahr, also covered other regions of Central Asia at various times. In the first half of the 18th century, it bordered on the north with the Khanate of Kokand, on the east with the Khanate of Badakhshan, on the south with Balkh (Kingdom of Afghanistan), and on the west with the Khanate of Khiva. The aim of this work is to characterize the lexis of both Bukhara dialects (Iranian and Uzbek) preserved in lexicographic works from the 18th to the early 20th century. Its analysis clearly indicates that the Uzbek dialect was heavily Iranianized, hence researchers (like Klaproth) had doubts whether it really belonged to a Turkic family. Similarly today, in Bukhara and Samarkand there is a phenomenon of bilingualism and even polylingualism, which not all researchers took into account. Hence, there were doubts as to what languages the Bukharians spoke. This book presents the dialectal analysis of the lexica characteristic of two Bukharan dialects, as well as the examples of these words in the explanatory dictionary, the etymology of the words, and their meanings.
Balance de las acciones populares en Colombia: ¿camino a su desnaturalización?
Authors: Londoño-Toro Beatriz , Pérez-Amaya Natalia
Published: June 2024

Este capítulo analiza las fortalezas y debilidades en el ejercicio de las acciones populares colombianas en los últimos veinte años, para determinar si las modificaciones legislativas del último decenio han dificultado el acceso a la justicia para la garantía de los derechos colectivos. En el trabajo se examina, en primer lugar, la naturaleza de la acción popular en la Constitución Política de 1991 y la intención del legislador en su regulación; a continuación se hace una valoración de la importancia de la acción, pese a las medidas reduccionistas de garantías en el acceso a la justicia para la defensa de derechos colectivos, análisis que se complementa con el estudio de caso de la sentencia que protege el río Bogotá. Se concluye en torno al potencial protector de estas acciones siempre y cuando la labor de los jueces sea garantista y diligente. A pesar de los obstáculos normativos, caracterizados por la regresividad en algunos aspectos procesales y constitucionales, se estima, con base en las cifras y estudios, que las acciones populares sobreviven a pesar de las condiciones jurídicas y sociales adversas.
Obstáculos para el ejercicio de las acciones de grupo: una alternativa desde el arbitraje social
Authors: Torres-Villarreal María Lucía , Iregui-Parra Paola Marcela
Published: June 2024

Las acciones de grupo surgen en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano con la Constitución de 1991 como un mecanismo que facilita el acceso a la justicia de personas que se han visto afectadas por una causa común y se entienden como una herramienta de economía procesal y eficiencia en la protección de derechos, pero también como la forma en que las personas pueden obtener reparaciones por perjuicios que, si no fuese por esa vía, no reclamarían. Sin embargo, la práctica de las acciones de grupo ha revelado una serie de obstáculos que se evidencian en el escenario procesal y que confrontan a los ciudadanos con los objetivos reales de dicha acción. En medio de las dificultades que plantea la norma que reglamenta las acciones de grupo, las falencias no saneadas por la jurisprudencia y un reduccionismo de las acciones al plano netamente procesal, que olvida las características propias de su esencia, el arbitraje social empieza a considerarse como una alternativa para la defensa de esas causas que pudieran estar quedando impunes al sentir que el acceso a la justicia por las vías ordinarias es cada vez más complejo.
Intestinal lymphangiectasia: Understanding the bigger picture
Authors: Marrapu Sudheer , Kumar Ramesh
Published: June 2024

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is characterized by the dilation of intestinal lymphatic vessels, which can rupture and cause loss of lymph into the intestine. Due to the high content of proteins, lipoproteins, and lymphocytes in the intestinal lymph, loss of lymph might result in hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and lymphocytopenia. In addition, there may be a depletion of minerals, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. IL can be primary due to inherent malfunctioning of the lymphatic system, or secondly, a result of various factors that may hinder lymphatic drainage either directly or indirectly. This condition has emerged as a subject of significant clinical interest. Given that the intestinal lymphatic system plays an important role in the body’s fluid homeostasis, adaptive immunity, nutrient and drug absorption, intestinal transport, and systemic metabolism, its dysfunction may have wider implications. Although primary IL is rare, with varied clinical features, complications, treatment response, and outcomes, secondary IL is more common than previously believed. The definitive diagnosis of IL requires endoscopic demonstration of whitish villi (which frequently resemble snowflakes) and histological confirmation of dilated lacteals in the small intestinal mucosa. Treatment of IL is challenging and involves dietary modifications, managing underlying medical conditions, and using medications such as sirolimus and octreotide. Recognizing its prevalence and diverse etiology is crucial for targeted management of this challenging medical condition. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the clinical implications associated with IL. In addition, it offers valuable insights into critical knowledge gaps in the existing diagnostic and management landscape.