bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CITY OF PAIN: POWER FOUND IN THE FORM OF THE BUILDING AS A SIGN / SKAUSMO MIESTAS: PASTATO-ŽENKLO FORMOS GALIA
Authors: Porvaneckaitė Jovilė
Published: January 2013

To consciously provoke the society’s reaction, an architectural object is inserted – on the design offer level – into the main recreational zone of the New York peninsula, the Central Park area. Besides, the social and cultural phenomena inspired by the innovative form of this project are touched upon. The article aims to analyse the process of form modelling and, consequently, perform a research on the form power based on an experimental project carried out by the author. It is also sought to find out the influence of the volume deficiency formed in the city’s planning system on the suggestibility of the building’s form. In the given project, the term volume deficiency is used to describe the stress environment within the city structure, formed on the artistic, planning, volume, stylistic, value or historical basis that programmes the continuity of the above processes after integration of the newly proposed object into the above-mentioned environment. Artistic value of the volume developed within the stress environment and adapted to it provides the suggestibility to the form typical to objects of mass attraction. The form designed in such space obtains all the features characteristic to an architectural sign or urban dominant. The City of Pain project is created as a bridge connecting a narrow city system with large area of artificial recreational space. The building is formed as a corridor for social provocation and laboratory of the modern society’s behaviour.

Santrauka

Sąmoningai siekiant sukelti visuomenės reakciją į Niujorko pusiasalio pagrindinę rekreacinę zoną – Centrinio parko erdvę – projektinio pasiūlymo lygiu įterpiamas architektūrinis objektas, taip pat aptariami ir inovatyvios formos sukelti socialiniai bei kultūriniai reiškiniai. Straipsnio tikslas – remiantis autorės atliktu eksperimentiniu projektu nagrinėti formos modeliavimo procesą ir ištirti modeliavimo poveikį formos galioms. Siekiama nustatyti, kaip pastato formos galia ir įtaiga priklauso nuo miesto planinėje sistemoje susiformavusio (ar suformuoto) tūrio. Tūrio trūkumu aptariamame projekte vadinama meniniu, planiniu, tūriniu, stilistiniu, vertės ar istoriniu pagrindu sudarytos įtampos terpė miesto struktūroje, užprogramuojanti šių procesų tęstinumą po naujai siūlomo objekto integracijos į minėtą aplinką. Įtampos terpėje sukurto ir joje adaptuoto tūrio meninė vertė formai suteikia masinės traukos objektui būdingą įtaigą. Tokioje erdvėje projektuojama forma įgyja visas architektūriniam ženklui, miesto dominantei būdingas savybes. Skausmo miesto projektas tarsi koridorius jungia ankštą miesto sistemą su didžiule dirbtine rekreacine erdve. Pastatas formuojamas kaip socialinių provokacijų koridorius ir moderniosios visuomenės elgesio laboratorija.
ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE AS A CULTURAL ASSET IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: CASE STUDY FOR BUCHAREST CITY / AGROKULTŪRINIO KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO KAIP DIDMIESČIO KULTŪRINIO TURTO ASPEKTAI: BUKAREŠTO MIESTO STUDIJA
Authors: Popa Andreea
Published: January 2013

Typical for the last decades economical and social processes at metropolitan level induce new models of spatial organization characterized by extensive urban development. These extensive processes configure various components of the cultural landscape in different ways. Such development modifies the rural, agricultural and industrial landscapes and generates new landscape typologies modeled by interaction between urban and rural space. Diverse approaches of urban development have modified the territorial structure and also the way in which the territory visually and dynamically responds to external factors by transforming the main cultural features. In such a context, preservation of common agricultural landscape as a part of cultural landscape is becoming an important issue for the local development policies.

Santrauka

Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais didmiesčiuose vykstantys ekonominiai ir socialiniai procesai skatina naujus erdvių planavimo modelius, būdingus ekstensyviai urbanistinei plėtrai. Su plėtra susiję procesai skirtingais būdais konfigūruoja įvairius kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio komponentus. Ši plėtra keičia kaimo, agrokultūrinį ar produktyvųjį kraštovaizdį ir sukuria naujus kraštovaizdžio tipus, modeliuojamus esant kaimo ir miesto erdvių sąveikai. Įvairūs požiūriai į urbanistinę plėtrą pakeitė teritorinę struktūrą, vizualią ir dinamišką teritorijos reakciją į išorės veiksnius pagal pasikeitusius esminius kultūros požymius. Šiame kontekste įprasto agrokultūrinio kraštovaizdžio kaip dalies kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio išsaugojimas tampa opiu vietinės plėtros politikos klausimu.
RE-SCALING LANDSCAPE. RE-SCALING IDENTITY / KEIČIANT KRAŠTOVAIZDĮ, KEIČIAMA TAPATYBĖ
Authors: Sulina Julia
Published: January 2013

To understand the bonds cultural groups living in Estonia have with their cultural landscape and why they identify themselves with a particular territory (region), the general process of presenting the landscape role in their identity needs to be analysed. Scales of landscape and regional identity of cultural groups are examined as belonging to different historical social formation periods, including nowadays, also taking into account the identity and physical setting relationship, as well as the results of questionnaires and previous studies. The tendency is that becoming more open the society is influenced by globalisation, new technologies and freedom of movement, thus changing both the identities and landscapes scales. Santrauka Kad suprastume tam tikros kultūrinės grupės kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio ryšį ir jos sąsają su tam tikra teritorija (regionu) Estijoje, būtina ištirti suformuoto kraštovaizdžio raidos reikšmę tapatybei. Kraštovaizdžio ir kultūrinių grupių regioninės tapatybės masteliai nagrinėjami įvairiais socialiniais-istoriniais formavimosi periodais, įskaitant dabartinį, atsižvelgiant į tapatybės ir fizinės aplinkos santykius, apklausų duomenis ir ankstesnes studijas. Vyrauja tendencija, kad visuomenei tampant vis atviresnei globalizacijos įtakai, naujoms technologijoms ir judėjimo laisvei, tapatybės ir kraštovaizdžio pusiausvyra tampa vis įvairesnė.
UNREALIZED ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS IN LITHUANIA: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT / NEĮGYVENDINTI ARCHITEKTŪRINIAI PROJEKTAI LIETUVOJE: ISTORINĖ RAIDA
Authors: Gudelytė Indrė
Published: January 2013

The “unrealized architectural projects” are the building projects, carried out under the specific design task and intended to be built in a particular place (site), though, for certain reasons and circumstances, have never been constructed. However, up to the present day, the topic of the “unbuilt” has been analyzed just episodically in literature and sources. The article touches upon the historical development of unrealized architectural works, as well as their artistic value and role within various historical periods of Lithuanian architecture. One of the chapters briefly reviews the relevance and development of unrealized projects during the period since Czarist Russian occupation (1795) to the restoration of Lithuanian independence (1990). Furthermore, the deeper analysis of the Soviet period (1940–1990) “dead” architecture is presented. While exploring “the unrealized”, attention has been also paid to what was actu ally built, therefore the prevailing architectural styles, tendencies and examples of the corresponding decade (in Lithuania and worldwide) have been studied.

Santrauka

Neįgyvendinti projektai – tai pastatų projektai, atlikti pagal konkrečią projektavimo užduotį ir skirti realizuoti konkrečioje vietoje (sklype), tačiau dėl tam tikrų priežasčių ir aplinkybių neįgavę realaus statinio pavidalo. Iki šiol ši tema literatūros šaltiniuose nagrinėta epizodiškai. Straipsnyje kalbama apie nerealizuotų darbų istorinę raidą, meninę vertę, jų vaidmenį įvairių laikotarpių Lietuvos architektūroje. Viename iš skyrių trumpai apžvelgiamas nerealizuotų projektų aktualumas ir raida nuo carinės Rusijos okupacijos (1795) iki Nepriklausomybės atgavimo metų (1990). Nuodugniau analizuojama sovietinio laikotarpio (1940–1990) vadinamoji mirusi architektūra. Tyrinėjant tai, kas nerealizuota, tenka atkreipti dėmesį ir į tai, kas buvo įgyvendinta: kokios architektūrinės srovės, mados, stiliai, tendencijos vyravo tam tikru periodu ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir pasaulyje.
THE EFFECT OF A PLASTICIZING ADMIXTURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE / PLASTIFIKATORIAUS POVEIKIS SUKIETĖJUSIO BETONO SAVYBĖMS
Authors: Abasova Anastasija , Nagrockienė Džigita
Published: January 2013

Concrete is material obtained mixing matrix material, coarse and small aggregates and water along with additives acquiring necessary properties of hardening. The quality and properties of raw material used for manufacturing concrete, V/C ratio and the uniformity of the compaction of the mixture lead to the fundamental properties of concrete. The compressive strength of concrete is one of the most important properties of concrete. The article deals with the impact of plasticizers on the structural properties of concrete choosing an optimal content of additives. Concrete plasticizers increasing the content of additive increase the strength of samples, the density and ultrasonic pulse of velocity and decrease absorption. Test results have revealed that a plasticizing admixture under dosing or overdosing can reduce the properties of concrete.

Santrauka

Betonas – medžiaga, kuri sumaišius rišamąją medžiagą, stambiuosius ir smulkiuosius užpildus, vandenį bei pridėjus priedų, reikiamų savybių įgyja kietėdama. Betonui gaminti naudojamų žaliavų kokybė ir savybės, V/C santykis, mišinio sutankinimo vienodumas lemia pagrindines betono savybes. Betono gniuždymo stipris yra viena iš svarbiausių betono savybių. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas plastifikatoriaus poveikis betono savybėms, parenkamas optimalus jo kiekis. Atlikus betono savybių tyrimus su skirtingais kiekiais plastifikatoriaus, nustatyta, kad betone didinant plastifikatoriaus kiekį, didėja bandinių gniuždymo stipris, tankis ir ultragarso impulso sklidimo greitis, o įmirkis mažėja. Pagal gautus tyrimo rezultatus nustatyta, kad nepakankamas plastifikatoriaus kiekis arba jo perdozavimas gali pabloginti betono savybes.
RESEARCH INTO THE RELIABILITY OF THE OVERLAP JOINT OF BITUMINOUS HEAT WELDED ROOFING MATERIALS / PRILYDOMŲJŲ STOGO MEDŽIAGŲ LAKŠTŲ SANDŪROS PATIKIMUMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Balčiūnas Darius
Published: January 2013

Abstract The conducted analysis has revealed that the most common reason of leaks in bituminous roofs is caused by a lack of adhesion between two nearby sheets of roof cover. Regarding the above mentioned problems, reliability, testing methods and data analysis methods of the overlap joint is observed more closely. The research conducted by different scientists worldwide has showed difficulties in evaluating the obtained data due to a lack of information on how these samples were produced. Therefore, it is proposed to evaluate the influence of welding time analyzing the mechanical properties of the joints of bituminous heat welded roofing materials. The influence of welding time, when the samples are produced, and mechanical properties of overlap joints are practically proved according to LST standards. The test results have showed that welding time does not have a significant influence on the shear resistance of overlap joints but is important regarding its limited deformation.

Santrauka

Atlikus analizę pastebėta, kad dažniausia stogų iš ritininių bituminių medžiagų pratekėjimų priežastis yra dviejų gretimų bituminių lakštų nepakankamas suklijavimo patikimumas. Atsižvelgiant į šias priežastis darbe nagrinėjamas užlaidinės sandūros patikimumo vertinimas ir juos nusakančių tyrimų ir duomenų analizavimo metodai. Išanalizavus pasaulio mokslininkų tyrimus pastebėta, kad sudėtinga juos vertinti tarpusavyje dėl nepakankamo informatyvumo bandinių ruošimo metu. Dėl to nagrinėjant virintinės sandūros mechanines savybes siūloma vertinti siūlės kaitinimo trukmę. Kaitinimo trukmės įtaka virintinės siūlės patikimumo parametrams yra įrodoma praktiškai atlikus bituminės dangos lakštų sandūros atsparumo lupimui ir šlyčiai bandymus pagal LST standartus. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad sandūros kaitinimo trukmė neturi pastebimos ir dėsningos įtakos jos mechaninėms sąvybėms, tačiau yra reikšminga jos ribinėms deformacijoms.
USE OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF STATISTICS FOR ANALYZING ENGINE CHARACTERISTICS / MATEMATINĖS STATISTIKOS METODŲ TAIKYMAS ANALIZUOJANT VARIKLIŲ TECHNINES CHARAKTERISTIKAS
Authors: Jasilionis Aivaras , Nagurnas Saulius , Melaika Mindaugas
Published: January 2013

For the development of new models, automobile manufacturers are trying to come up with optimal software for engine control in all movement modes. However, in this case, a vehicle cannot reach outstanding characteristics in none of them. This is the main reason why modifications in engine control software used for adapting the vehicle for driver’s needs are becoming more and more popular. The article presents a short analysis of development trends towards engine control software. Also, models of mathematical statistics for engine power and torque growth are created. The introduced models give an opportunity to predict the probabilities of engine power or torque growth after individual reprogramming of engine control software.

Santrauka

Automobilių gamintojai sukurtas degimo variklių valdymo programas pritaiko visiems automobilio judėjimo režimams ir tarp jų siekia optimalaus balanso. Tačiau tuomet automobilis nė vienu režimu nerealizuoja tinkamiausių būtent tam režimui parametrų, todėl labai populiarėja valdymo programos perprogramavimas. Straipsnyje trumpai apžvelgiamos kryptys, kuriomis tobulinami valdymo programų kūrimo metodai. Taip pat pagal eksperimentinių tyrimų metu surinktus duomenis pateikti sudaryti variklio išvystomos galios ir sukimo momento padidėjimo matematinės statistikos modeliai. Sudarant šiuos modelius, nustatytos minimalios ir maksimalios galios ir sukimo momento padidėjimo reikšmės, apskaičiuotos vidutinės reikšmės bei vidutiniai kvadratiniai nuokrypiai, parinkti teoriniai nagrinėjamų duomenų pasiskirstymo dėsniai. Sudaryti matematinės statistikos modeliai leidžia prognozuoti galios ir sukimo momento padidėjimo reikšmės patekimo į tam tikrą intervalą tikimybes.
ANALYSIS OF TENDENCIES TOWARDS CHANGES IN TEMPERATURES OF RAILWAY VEHICLE AXLE BOXES / RIEDMENŲ AŠIDĖŽIŲ KAITIMO TEMPERATŪRŲ KITIMO TENDENCIJŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Lunys Olegas , Subačius Rimantas
Published: January 2013

The paper analyzes variations in the temperature of axle-box heating of railroad rolling stock considering two modes of the train - driving and parking position. Additionally, the article describes the influence of the axle load and season on the heat of the axle-box, forecasts intolerable residual resources and explains a possibility of detecting likely breakage at the very beginning of defects. The paper also deals with scientific literature related to axle-box heating and focuses on the conducted practical and theoretical experiments. The carried out research has established the rates of operating heating and critical heating. The application of numerical values for the algorithm of automatic control devices could help with detecting the breakdowns of the axle-box before they reach a critical state and assist in forecasting residual operating resources.

Santrauka

Nagrinėjama geležinkelio riedmenų ašidėžių kaitimo kitimas traukinio važiavimo ir stovėjimo metu, riedmenų krovumo ir metų laiko įtaka ašidėžei kaisti, neleistinai kaistančios ašidėžės liekamojo resurso prognozė, ašidėžės gedimo nustatymo galimybė pačioje gedimo atsiradimo pradžioje. Išanalizuota mokslinė literatūra, susijusi su riedmenų ašidėžių kaitimu, taip pat išanalizuoti atlikti eksperimentiniai ir teoriniai darbai. Tyrimo metu nustatytos ašidėžių darbinės ir kritinės riedmenų ašidėžių kaitimo temperatūros. Šių temperatūrų skaitines reikšmes pritaikius riedmenų automatinės kontrolės prietaisų algoritmui būtų galima aptikti ašidėžių gedimus, kol jie nepasiekė kritinės būklės, ir prognozuoti liekamąjį darbo resursą.
RESEARCH ON THE PROCESS OF BIOFUEL INJECTION / BIODEGALŲ IŠPURŠKIMO PROCESO TYRIMAS
Authors: Skukauskaitė Birutė , Mickevičius Tomas
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this research was to examine penetration peculiarities of rapeseed oil injected into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. For conducting tests, a stand imitating conditions (air density) for the engine combustion chamber was designed. The analysis of pictures obtained using a fast recording camera determined fuel injection into the chamber volume and calculated the velocity of spray head. It was established that fuel spray of injected rapeseed oil proceeds deeper into the combustion chamber than that of mineral diesel fuel. The parameters of fuel spray are mainly influenced by injection pressure rather than by the density of compressed gases. Santrauka Šio darbo tikslas buvo ištirti į dyzelinio variklio degimo kamerą įpurškiamos rapsų aliejaus čiurkšlės kitimo ypatumus, lyginant su mineraliniu dyzelinu. Tyrimams sukonstruotas stendas, kuriame buvo imituojamos sąlygos (oro tankis), esančios variklio degimo kameroje. Analizuojant spartaus filmavimo vaizdo kamera gautus vaizdus, buvo išmatuotas degalų čiurkšlės įsiskverbimo į degimo kamerą dydis, apskaičiuotas čiurkšlės fronto judėjimo greitis. Nustatyta, kad įpurškiamo rapsų aliejaus čiurkšlė į degimo kamerą įsiskverbia giliau, negu mineralinio dyzelino čiurkšlė. Įpurškiamų degalų čiurkšlės parametrams didesnės įtakos turi įpurškimo slėgis nei aplinkos dujų tankis.
ALGORITHM FOR CHOOSING TRACTION ROLLING-STOCK FOR RAILWAY LINE RAIL BALTICA / PREKINIŲ ŠILUMVEŽIŲ MAGISTRALEI „RAIL BALTICA“ PARINKIMO ALGORITMAS
Authors: Steišūnas Stasys , Bureika Gintautas
Published: January 2013

The article analyses traction rolling-stock for freight transportation presently used by AB Lietuvos geležinkeliai. The paper explores and compares technical data on the above mentioned rolling-stock and estimates exploitation expenses. Following an assessment of forecasting freight flows on the future railway line Rail Baltica, an algorithm for selecting traction rolling-stock is proposed. The efficiency of locomotives operating on the railway is determined taking into account three multi-criteria evaluation methods: the sum of ratings, simple additive weighting and geometric mean method. Locomotives are estimated in accordance with technical, economic and ecological aspects. The results of possible performance efficiency of rolling stock have been determined changing weight coefficient values of the criteria.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami šiuo metu AB ,,Lietuvos geležinkeliai“ kroviniams vežti naudojami traukos riedmenys: analizuojami ir lyginami techniniai duomenys, vertinamos eksploatavimo sąnaudos. Įvertinus krovinių srautų prognozes tiesiamoje ,,Rail Baltica“ geležinkelio magistralėje, pasiūlytas traukos riedmenų kroviniams vežti parinkimo algoritmas. Šilumvežių šioje magistralėje naudojimo efektyvumas nustatomas trimis daugiakriterio įvertinimo metodais: vietų sumos metodu, rodiklių įverčio metodu ir geometrinio vidurkio metodu. Šilumvežiai vertinami techniniais, ekonominiais ir ekologiniais aspektais. Keičiant kriterijų svarbos koeficientų reikšmes, nustatyti skirtingi riedmenų panaudojimo efektyvumo rezultatai.
Beauté et Différenciation
Authors: Esmein Bernard
Published: January 2013

Résumé La nature a souvent servi de modèle aux normes esthétiques, mais sa complexité même et sa foison en fait la source d’idées très différentes : l’harmonie inhérente à l’organisation du vivant, la variété comme source du sentiment de beauté, ou enfin, avec le Zen par exemple, une recherche de l’inspiration dans l’irrégularité même de la nature. Mais certaines de ces théories semblent mieux résister et montrer les paradoxes aux quels les autres parviennent. C’est celles qui reposent sur la variété, ou mieux la différenciation, où un principe – qu’on l’appelle changement, variation, déséquilibre, irrégularité – amène de la différenciation et de la transformation dans l’être. Car sans différenciation, comme le montre Darwin, pas de beauté. Cette puissance transformatrice immanente de la nature serait donc source de l’émotion esthétique, et le jugement esthétique intimement lié au plaisir de la différenciation.
Illusions et exigences du jugement esthétique
Authors: Citot Vincent
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’appréciation esthétique oscille le plus souvent, tel un pendule, entre deux sortes d’illusions : celle de l’objectivité du beau (comme si la beauté pouvait être un attribut de la chose même), et celle de sa subjectivité (selon la formule du relativisme : « à chacun ses goûts »). Il s’agit ici de penser les critères du jugement de goût par-delà le réalisme dogmatique et le relativisme nihiliste, à la faveur d’un relativisme hiérarchique . Le sentiment du beau s’inscrit dans un contexte social, historique et psychologique, certes, mais il y a quelque chose d’universel dans la relativité du beau. Tous les goûts ne se valent pas, et les critères de la hiérarchisation des jugements de goûts sont immanents à l’activité de juger comme telle. L’article cherche à préciser ces critères.
Le mystère de l'expérience du beau
Authors: Obadia Claude
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’expérience de la beauté n’est-elle pas d’abord celle de la liberté ? Le beau ne me ravit-il pas précisément par sa capacité d’abolir la distance qui m’en sépare ? Comment expliquer un tel prodige? Telle est la question, à laquelle nous répondrons que cette expérience est d’abord une expérience perceptive – ce qui conduit forcément à interroger l’expérience de la beauté du point de vue de l’objet, mais aussi du point de vue du sujet. Le beau n’est-il pas, en effet (premier point de vue), une multiplicité dont nous peinons à dégager l’unité ? Et le jugement relatif au beau (second point de vue), n’est-il pas quant à lui ce qui semble subjectif mais dont nous présupposons pourtant, sans toujours le réfléchir clairement, l’objectivité ? Autant de questions génériques à même de nous initier au mystère de la beauté.
La beauté féminine, un projet de coïncidence à soi
Authors: Froidevaux-Metterie Camille
Published: January 2013

Résumé À rebours de la tradition qui fait du corps des femmes le vecteur d’une insupportable soumission aux injonctions masculines, il s’agit de penser la beauté féminine de façon positive en en repérant la dimension ontologique. Nécessairement incarnée et relationnelle, L’expérience du féminin est indissociable d’un projet de présentation corporelle de soi qui participe de la construction du sujet de sexe féminin. En se faisant belle, une femme entre dans un processus d’enrichissement de son être qui passe par le choix qu’elle fait d’une représentation d’elle-même. La quête de la beauté peut alors être définie comme une recherche de l’adéquation à soi par laquelle une femme deviendra ce qu’elle est, témoignage de la valeur qu’elle se confère à elle-même en tant qu’être digne d’être ornée.
Le marché des égaux : un aspect socialiste de l'échange républicain
Authors: Bourdeau Vincent
Published: January 2013

Résumé La défense du marché dans la tradition socialiste libérale est instrumentale : le marché est toléré lorsqu’il permet de produire des richesses en abondance que l’on peut redistribuer ex post . De son côté, la justification républicaine du marché, telle que présentée dans les travaux de Pettit, vise à réduire la domination dans l’échange. Cet article soutient qu’une telle justification nécessite d’être renforcée en l’adossant à un égalitarisme matériel, garant d’un échange entre égaux, établi ex ante .
Deux approches de l'influence du discours économique sur les phénomènes sociaux
Authors: Brisset Nicolas
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’influence des discours théoriques sur leur objet d’étude est une particularité propre aux sciences sociales : le simple fait de formuler un discours sur le monde social entraîne des changements au sein de ce dernier. En économie, ce phénomène a fait l’objet de traitements variés. Récemment, une frange de la sociologie économique a pris le parti d’étudier le monde économique comme encastré dans la science qui l’étudie. Auparavant, certains grands noms la discipline économique s’étaient déjà penchés sur le sujet. Ce travail a pour objectif d’éclaircir ces deux cheminements de pensée ayant le même objet, d’en identifier les principales différences et d’expliquer ces dernières par des problématiques de départ distinctes. Nous identifierons, dans la lignée de ce qui a pu être fait en économie des conventions, une approche stratégique de l’influence des discours théoriques (celle des économistes), et une approche interprétative (celle des sociologues).
Security Architecture and Forensic Awareness in Virtualized Environments
Authors: Barrett Diane
Published: January 2013

Just about every technology magazine and article published today mentions virtualization or cloud computing. Technically, the two are different but very much intertwined. When environments use virtualization, there are artifacts an investigator can request that may provide valuable information. The content of this chapter explores the virtualization process, types of virtualized environments, and the part virtualization plays in cloud computing. A section will be included that presents case scenarios to demonstrate the type of evidence gathered in each environment for forensic investigations. A final section will include recommendations for additional areas of research in the area of investigating environments containing virtualization integration with cloud environments.
Data Recovery Strategies for Cloud Environments
Authors: Spyridopoulos Theodoros , Katos Vasilios
Published: January 2013

Data acquisition and data recovery are essential to any e-discovery or digital forensic process. However, these two aspects seem to be considerably difficult in a cloud-computing environment. The very nature of the Cloud raises a number of technical and organizational challenges, which renders traditional approaches and tools inapplicable. Resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and geographical distribution of data are only a small part of the Cloud’s features that hinder the forensic investigation. At the same time, there is significant absence of forensic readiness in cloud computing policy framework. In this chapter, the authors discuss the challenges pertaining to data acquisition in a cloud environment and discuss possible directions for meeting these challenges by presenting representative cases and sketching acquisition process and scenarios.
Forensics as a Service
Authors: Didoné Dener , de Queiroz Ruy J. G. B.
Published: January 2013

Cloud computing as a paradigm shift is transforming how services are being delivered. In this chapter, the authors present a Forensics as a Service (FaaS) model using cloud computing to deliver forensic services. This model leverages the flexibility, elasticity, and dynamics of cloud computing, and is affordable for business, government, or individuals in need, due to its reduced cost. It also addresses the challenge of processing a large volume of forensic data by using MapReduce and distributed computing.
Designing a Forensic-Enabling Cloud Ecosystem
Authors: Ruan Keyun
Published: January 2013

Cloud computing is a major transition, and it comes at a unique historical and strategic time for applying foundational design thinking to secure the next-generation computing infrastructure and enable waves of business and technological innovation. In this chapter, the researcher summarizes six key research and development areas for designing a forensic-enabling cloud ecosystem, including architecture and matrix, standardization and strategy, evidence segregation, security and forensic integration, legal framework, and privacy.
A MUVEing Success
Authors: Kennedy-Clark Shannon , Thompson Kate
Published: January 2013

The chapter will explain the role of scenario-based MUVES and educational games in science education and will present both the benefits for students and the challenges of using these forms of technology in a classroom setting. This chapter presents the findings of two case studies on the use of a scenario-based Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVE) in science education. The chapter will consider strategies for designing professional development programs for teachers and pre-service teachers to enhance both the teachers’ skills and their confidence in using and designing classroom activities suitable for MUVEs and educational games in science inquiry learning.
Using Virtual Environments to Motivate Students to Pursue STEM Careers
Authors: Chen Jason A. , Zap Nick , Dede Chris
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this chapter is to bring a rigorous and well-studied theoretical framework of motivation to the study and design of virtual learning environments. The authors outline the key motivation constructs that compose Eccles and Wigfield’s Expectancy-Value Theory (e.g., Eccles, et al., 1989; Wigfield & Eccles, 1992, 2000), and how it can be used in the creation of a virtual learning environment designed to promote students’ interest in and motivation to pursue Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers. In addition, using Brophy’s (1999) model of the motivated learner, the authors outline how this type of motivational virtual environment can be incorporated in classroom instruction to further bolster adolescents’ motivation and competence in mathematics. Finally, they describe a NSF-funded project underway at Harvard’s Graduate School of Education that seeks to develop a 4-day mathematics intervention, merging innovative technologies with regular classroom instruction to spark students’ interest in STEM careers.
Learn in Your Avatar
Authors: Khalid Mimma Sayuti Mat , Hussain Raja Maznah Raja
Published: January 2013

A Malaysian Smart School document has vividly described components that will make up future classrooms in 2020. Nonetheless, such components can currently be implemented using Virtual Worlds (VW), specifically Multi-User Virtual Environment (MUVE). Integrating virtual worlds effectively in teaching and learning can be very daunting, especially when the tool requires a steep learning curve on the part of the teacher. This chapter aims to describe a teacher’s journey of integrating Virtual Worlds or MUVEs in her teaching and learning, both for adult learners and Malaysian secondary school. The technology integration is based on continuous self-reflection of TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge) framework. The description will include the strategies used in learning to learn; learning to teach in virtual worlds; and also lessons learned during the learning process of using the technology.
Visual Learning in the Virtual World
Authors: Han Hsiao-Cheng
Published: January 2013

Humans rely heavily on their sense of vision and learn from didactic images within their environments. For this reason, in traditional educational environments, educators care about visual representation. However, as today’s technology brings images to wider audiences with diverse cultural backgrounds in the virtual world global community, the process of automatic cognition helps people build new knowledge based on prior regional experience. Therefore, when educators employ a technology like Second Life to deliver education, the whole virtual world can be seen as a school. Although most research participants agreed that the imagery in Second Life is fictional, the data shows that users do learn from imagery in the virtual world.
Gaming as a Woman
Authors: Miller Kristen B.
Published: January 2013

This chapter reports the findings of two surveys taken by players of the video game Rock Band. The purpose of the surveys was to determine what differences, if any, exist between the ways that males and females learn to play the game, are motivated to improve, interact with other players both online and in real life, and interact with other players in online communities for the game. This study suggests that while females do not appear to learn to play this game much differently from males, they are motivated differently and interact with other players differently, and ultimately they have a harder time than males finding a place in the affinity groups that exist for the game, and these findings provide starting points for teachers who intend to use video games and virtual worlds for educational purposes in guarding against creating a “gender gap” between males and females.
Instructional Design Meets Politeness Issues in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Chiang Yueh-Hui Vanessa , Schallert Diane L.
Published: January 2013

Attempts at incorporating emerging and innovative instructional technology, like virtual worlds, into educational settings requires efforts to understand new discourse patterns that may develop and bring in a learner-centered instructional design that takes the affordances and constraints of the new technology into consideration. These efforts can contribute to an effective and positive learning experience for learners. Drawing upon observations of different types of learning activities held in Second Life, an increasingly popular virtual world, this chapter aims at initiating a discussion interweaving the concerns for politeness, reflecting learners’ psychological needs during their interactions with fellow learners and technology, with considerations of instructional design in a virtual world as a new learning context. Such a discussion has the potential of more effectively exploiting what new immersive environments can offer for learning.
More than just Logging In
Authors: Novak Kae , Luchs Chris , Davies-Stofka Beth
Published: January 2013

This case study chronicles co-curricular activities held in the virtual world Second Life. The event activities included standard content delivery vehicles and those involving movement and presence. Several international content experts were featured and allowed students to meet and discuss ideas on a common ground with these experts. When developing these events, the researchers wondered, could an immersive learning environment be provide a deeper level of engagement? Was it possible to have students do more than just logging in? During the events, the students discovered a whole new way of learning. Chief among their discoveries was the realization that in these virtual world educational events, students, scholars, and faculty can all be mentors as well as learners. In virtual worlds, the expert-on-a-dais model of teaching is rapidly replaced by a matrix of discussion, collaboration, and movement that quickly generates a pool of ideas and knowledge.
Teaching Social Skills in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Margitay-Becht András , Herrera Dana R.
Published: January 2013

The process of teaching business is rather complex, as it inherently combines a large number of different tasks, approaches, and techniques. On the one hand, business students have to be taught the basics of rational decision-making, accounting, business planning, and other similar “hard” topics. On the other hand, however, they also have to be prepared to deal with other humans and their myriad diverging desires. In this chapter, the authors propose that some inherently immersive virtual worlds can be used as educational sandboxes that allow business students to practice their business tools. They provide a set of examples as to the specific kinds of knowledge they can attain and practice in the virtual environment, and conclude with sample lesson plans for enterprising professors.
Digital Structures and the Future of Online Leadership
Authors: Wolfenstein Moses
Published: January 2013

This chapter discusses findings from a study that looked at organizational leadership in the massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft® in an attempt to inform the future of leadership in schools and other online and blended learning organizations. After offering a general orientation to the game world and the original study, this chapter delineates the ways in which studying virtual worlds of this sort can and cannot inform theory and practice of instructional leadership. It then examines the organizational leadership and learning cycle that emerged in the original study. Finally, it considers implications from the research for instructional and organizational leadership in a data rich environment.
Application of Handheld Computing and Mobile Phones in Diabetes Self-Care
Authors: Wahbeh Abdullah
Published: January 2013

Advances in technology have accelerated self-care activities, making them more practical and possible than before using these technologies. The utilization of new Health Information Technologies (HIT) is becoming more and more apparent in self-care. Many patients incorporate the use of PDAs in diabetes self-care (Forjuoh, et al., 2007; Jones & Curry, 2006). Mobile phones are used in diabetes self-management by diabetes patients (Carroll, DiMeglio, Stein, & Marrero, 2011; Faridi, et al., 2008; Mulvaney, et al., 2012). Also, reminders based on SMS cell phone text messaging are used to support diabetes management (Hanauer, Wentzell, Laffel, & Laffel, 2009). Given the current advances in the field of health care, health care technologies, and handheld computing, this case explores the possible primary usages of mobile phones, PDAs, and handheld devices in self-care management. More specifically, the case illustrates how such technologies can be used in diabetes management by patients and health care providers.
Protocol Interactions among User Agents, Application Servers, and Media Servers
Authors: Amirante Alessandro , Castaldi Tobia , Miniero Lorenzo , Romano Simon Pietro
Published: January 2013

In this chapter, the authors focus on the complex interactions involving the various actors participating in a multimedia session over the Internet. More precisely, bearing in mind the current standard proposals coming from both the 3GPP and the IETF, they investigate some of the issues that have to be faced when separation of responsibilities comes to the fore. The scenario the authors analyze is one in which one or more user agents are put into communication with a media server through the mediation of an application server. In such scenario, the application server does play the role of a middlebox for all that concerns signaling, since it is responsible for the transparent negotiation of a session among the entities (the user agents on one side and the media server on the other) that will be exchanging media during the communication phase. In this chapter, the authors highlight that protocol interactions become really complex under the depicted circumstances. They provide a survey of the current standardization efforts related to media control, together with a discussion of open issues and potential solutions.
Region-of-Interest Processing and Coding Techniques
Authors: Grois Dan , Hadar Ofer
Published: January 2013

This chapter comprehensively covers the topic of the Region-of-Interest (ROI) processing and coding for multimedia applications. The variety of end-user devices with different capabilities, ranging from cell phones with small screens and restricted processing power to high-end PCs with high-definition displays, have stimulated significant interest in effective technologies for video adaptation. Therefore, the authors make a special emphasis on the ROI processing and coding with regard to the relatively new H.264/SVC (Scalable Video Coding) standard, which have introduced various scalability domains, such as spatial, temporal, and fidelity (SNR/quality) domains. The authors’ observations and conclusions are supported by a variety of experimental results, which are compared to the conventional Joint Scalable Video Model (JSVM).
Recent Advances in Computational Complexity Techniques for Video Coding Applications
Authors: Grois Dan , Hadar Ofer
Published: January 2013

The computational complexity issue is critical for present and future video applications implemented by relatively new video coding standards, such as the H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding), which has a large number of coding modes. One of the main reasons for the importance of providing an efficient complexity control in video coding applications is a strong need to decrease the encoding/decoding computational complexity, especially when the encoding and/or decoding devices are resource-limited, such as portable devices. In turn, efficient complexity control enables reducing the video coding processing time and enables saving power resources during the encoding and/or decoding process. Since the recent dramatic progress in the development of multimedia technologies has made portable devices widespread everywhere, especially in order to provide or receive real-time video contents, the need to enhance the computational complexity control in video coding applications is expected to be further significantly increased as a function of the dramatic increase in the mobile/portable device penetration into the every-day life environment. In this chapter, the authors perform a comprehensive review of the recent advances in computational complexity techniques for video coding applications. This chapter will not only summarize the recent advances in this field, but will also provide explicit directions for the design of the future complexity-aware video coding applications.
A Semantic Generic Profile for Multimedia Document Adaptation
Authors: Dromzée Cédric , Laborie Sébastien , Roose Philippe
Published: January 2013

Currently, multimedia documents can be accessed at anytime and anywhere with a wide variety of mobile devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Obviously, platform heterogeneity, users’ preferences, and context variations require document adaptation according to execution constraints. For example, audio contents may not be played while a user is participating in a meeting. Current context modeling languages do not handle such real life user constraints. These languages generally list multiple information values that are interpreted by adaptation processes in order to deduce implicitly such high-level constraints. In this chapter, the authors overcome this limitation by proposing a novel context modeling approach based on services, where context information is linked according to explicit high-level constraints. In order to validate the proposal, the authors have used semantic Web technologies by specifying RDF profiles and experimenting on their usage on several platforms.
The Realisation of Online Music Services through Intelligent Computing
Authors: Zervas Panagiotis , Alexandraki Chrisoula
Published: January 2013

This chapter presents an extensive, although non-exhaustive, study on existing Online Music Services (OMSs), which aims at identifying two principal characteristics: (1) the functionalities and interaction capabilities offered to their end-users; and (2) the tools of computational intelligence employed so as to enable these functionalities. The study is predominantly motivated by the ever-growing impact of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) research on the music industry, as new approaches for knowledge acquisition are rapidly integrated in existing online services targeting music consumers, musicians, as well as the music industry. Since MIR is inherently addressing user needs in music aggregation and distribution, the first part of the chapter is dedicated to illustrating user functionalities and accordingly classifying existing OMSs. The second part of the chapter focuses on musical semantics, different methods for harvesting them, and approaches for exploiting them in existing OMSs. Finally, the chapter attempts to foresee functionalities of future OMSs enabled by forthcoming MIR achievements.
Intelligent IPTV Distribution for Smart Phones
Authors: García Miguel , Lloret Jaime , Bellver Irene , Tomás Jesús
Published: January 2013

Current advances in embedded hardware for mobile devices, jointly with new type of batteries that let smart phones have more power during longer periods of time, allow them to offer new services to customers. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is the Internet Protocol (IP) service that is experiencing highest demand. Many mobile telephone companies are adding this service to their supply. In this chapter, the authors show all steps to transmit the IPTV service from the provider to the smart phone. First, they introduce the current hardware and operating systems for smart phones. Then, they describe the main parts of the IPTV architecture and the main protocols used for IPTV transmission in order to show how it works. Next, the authors show where intelligent systems can be deployed in the IPTV network in order to provide better QoE (Quality of Experience) on the end-user side. Then, they discuss the limitations and requirements for IPTV reception on smart phones. Finally, the authors explain the IPTV implementation in smart phones and describe an IPTV player on Android.
Multimedia Social Networks and E-Learning
Authors: Laghos Andrew
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate Multimedia Social Networks and e-Learning, and the relevant research in these areas. Multimedia Social Networks in e-Learning is an important and evolving study area, since an understanding of the technologies involved as well as an understanding of how the students communicate in online social networks are necessary in order to accurately analyze them. The chapter begins by introducing Multimedia Social Networks and Online Communities. Following this, the key players of e-Learning in Multimedia Social Networks are presented, including a discussion of the different roles that the students take. Furthermore, Social Interaction research is presented concentrating on such important areas as factors that influence social interaction, peer support, student-centered learning, collaboration, and the effect of interaction on learning. The last section of the chapter deals with the various methods and frameworks for analyzing multimedia social networks in e-Learning communities.
Context-Aware Medical Image Retrieval for Improved Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Soydemir Melih , Unay Devrim
Published: January 2013

Progress in medical imaging technology together with the increasing demand for confirming a diagnostic decision with objective, repeatable, and reliable measures for improved healthcare have multiplied the number of digital medical images that need to be processed, stored, managed, and searched. Comparison of multiple patients, their pathologies, and progresses by using image search systems may largely contribute to improved diagnosis and education of medical students and residents. Supporting image content information with contextual knowledge will lead to increased reliability, robustness, and accuracy in search results. To this end, the authors present an image search system that permits search by a multitude of image features (content), and demographics, patient’s medical history, clinical data, and ontologies (context). Moreover, they validate the system’s added value in dementia diagnosis via evaluations on publicly available image databases.
Research Methodology
Authors: Ganassali Stéphane , Moscarola Jean , Casarin Francesco
Published: January 2013

Considering the large number of participants and the heterogeneity of the group, the research methodology of COBEREN has been defined in a very specific way. The authors implemented a mixed methodological approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, and they used a various range of numerical, verbal, and even pictorial measurements. The scope for covering different dimensions of the consumer culture was made as open as possible but had to remain acceptable from the point of view of the survey response process. Finally, they successfully combined some a priori instructions/guidelines and some a posteriori adjustments/adaptations. This chapter introduces the data collection method, the sampling aspects, the questionnaire design and translation, implemented according to the general principles of the COBEREN methodology.