bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Higher Education and Human Capital Quality on “Local-Neighborhood” Economic Growth
Authors: Zhao Ran , Du Yuhong
Published: May 2021

Based on China’s provincial panel data from 1990 to 2017 and the improved Lucas, Nelson & Phelps model, the Spatial Dubin Model is used to test the spatial effects of higher education and human capital quality. The results showed that high-level human capital, characterized by higher education and urban labor income index, indirectly promoted local economic growth through technological innovation. There was also a “local-neighborhood” synergy effect. The neighborhood effect was manifested in that it affected the economic development of neighbors by promoting technological catch-up. After considering the quality factor, both the local and neighborhood effects were enhanced. From a regional perspective, higher education in the Yangtze River Delta, where the level of economic development is relatively high, was manifested as a spatial spillover effect of technological innovation and the neighborhood effect in the northeastern Bohai Rim and the Pearl River Delta was manifested as a technological catch-up.
In Memory of Professor Robert E. Slavin
Authors: Cheung Alan C.K.
Published: May 2021

Robert E. SLAVIN, a world-recognized education researcher, passed away on April 24, 2021. The unfortunate death of Professor Slavin was a great loss for the global educational research, especially for our journal.
Векторна модель аналізу стилістики текстів
Authors: Darchuk N.P. , Vasileva I.V. , Vasilev A.N.
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена застосуванню фiзичних пiдходiв до аналiзу авторських стилiв українських письменникiв. Пропонується модель, у якiй лiтературнi стилi описуються векторами одиничної довжини в багатовимiрному просторi. Числовою характеристикою стилю є результат скалярного добутку вiдповiдного вектора на вектор, який визначає загальний стиль для групи авторiв. Показано, що цей параметр лiнiйним чином залежить вiд рангу автора. Така залежнiсть пiдтверджує гiпотезу приєднання до бiльшостi, вiдповiдно до якої автори, вибираючи стиль, орiєнтуються на стиль своїх успiшних колег.
Філософська антропологія: світовий та вітчизняний контексти
Authors: Хамітов Назіп Віленович
Published: May 2021

У статті розглянуто розвиток такої філософської науки, як філософська антропологія (філософія людини), що вивчає складність і суперечливість людського буття, колізії сутності й існування людини, таїну людської природи. Проаналізовано відомі у світі концепції філософської антропології. Досліджено суперечність есенціального й екзистенціального розуміння людини та її розв’язання у вітчизняній філософській антропології, зокрема у Київській світоглядно-антропологічній школі, традиції якої продовжуються у проєкті філософської антропології як метаантропології — філософії розвитку людини в екзистенціальних вимірах буття. Доведено персоналістичний характер класичної та сучасної вітчизняної філософії людини, поставлено проблему практичного повороту у філософській антропології та різноманітність її проявів у культурі.
Emoções e afetividades: implicações e perspectivas no ensino de Biologia
Authors: Rodrigues Antonia Railene de Souza , França-Neto Aldair de , Sobreira Alana Cecília de Menezes , Edson-Chaves Bruno
Published: May 2021

Aspectos emocionais e afetivos estão diretamente envolvidos com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Sendo assim, a pesquisa objetivou investigar a compreensão de professores da Educação Básica da rede pública de ensino de Iguatu-CE sobre como as emoções dos alunos estão envolvidas no processo de aprendizagem discente. Para tanto, entrevistou-se dez professores de Biologia, sendo avaliado o conteúdo de suas respostas. Os docentes informaram que vários fatores interferem na aprendizagem dos discentes, destacando os relacionados as emoções e as relações familiares dos estudantes. Há diferenças emocionais entre alunos de anos diferentes devido ao processo de amadurecimento dos adolescentes, além de fatores como sono e estresse que interferem negativamente na aprendizagem. Ações que trabalhem o emocional dos estudantes e formações continuadas para professores sobre o assunto supracitado podem ser feitas para melhorar o desempenho dos discentes. Para que a aprendizagem dos estudantes se torne cada vez mais efetiva é importante que o professor esteja atento a todos os fatores importantes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem sejam eles curriculares, pedagógicos e/ou emocionais.
Investigation on strength properties of polymer modified concrete using glycoluril
Authors: Pothinathan SKM. , Muthukannan M. , Selvapalam N. , Gnanaraj S. Christopher
Published: May 2021

In this study, an endeavor is made to discuss mainly the mechanism, use, and application of polymer modified concrete which is increasing in general fame due to its simplicity, ease of handling, proficiency, and agreeable outcomes. This work explores the impact of adding a new polymer named glycoluril on the mechanical property through the estimation of compression, tension, and flexural strength. Physical properties such as density, sorptivity, and acid resistance were studied to establish the durability of concrete. This examination additionally ponders the impact of polymer in concrete and polymer dosage. Series of concrete mix with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% glycoluril by the mass of binder were prepared, cured, and tested in 7 days and 28 days. Results indicate that there is no adjustment in the workability aspect, however, the improvement of strength factor in compression, tension, and flexure is recorded when compared with the conventional concrete. The experimental results show that by increasing the proportion of glycoluril, the strength of concrete increased up to 3% in addition. In the meantime, the 3% addition provided a higher outcome than the other blend. Further expanding the polymer content marginally decreased the strength. The outcome affirms that the utilization of new polymer in concrete will increase the desired property.
Industrial and culinary practice effects on biologically active polyamines level in turkey meat
Authors: Bashiry Moein , Hoseini Hedayat , Mohammadi Abdoreza , Sadeghi Ehsan , Karimian-Khosroshahi Nader , Barba Francisco J. , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: May 2021

Polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are biological compounds present in nearly all food items. Their desirable physiological effects include cell division and growth. Hence, are undesirable in the diet of patients with tumor. This study aimed to assess the impact of curing agents (sodium chloride (0–2 g), sodium nitrite (0–200 ppm), sodium polyphosphate (0–0.5 g), and ascorbic acid (0–500 ppm)), cooking (frying (180°C), and boiling (100°C)) on polyamine contents in turkey breast meat using response surface methodology based on central composite design and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Postprocessing changes were investigated using a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector. Study outcomes showed the presence of sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium polyphosphate in turkey meat reduced the putrescine and spermine content significantly (P < 0.0001). The addition of ascorbic acid as a curing agent slightly increased the concentration of polyamines, while no significant linear effects were associated with the thermal processes. The study observed that curing agents like sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, sodium polyphosphate, and ascorbic acid at 2 g, 200 ppm, 0.5 g, and 382 ppm, respectively, in frying mode minimized spermine and putrescine content with more than 96% desirability. In conclusion, curing additives and cooking are promising procedures for polyamine reduction in turkey breast meat.
Emerging threats to the largest colony of bats in Vietnam and recommendations for sustainable conservation
Authors: Viet Nguyen Van , Nga Cao Thi Thanh
Published: May 2021

AA
Study of association of the rs5400 polymorphic locus in the SLC2A2 (GLUT2) gene and the rs4684677 polymorphic locus in the GHRL gene with excess body weight and preference for carbohydrates in preschool and primary school-aged children
Authors: Kokh N. V. , Schreiner E. V. , Voronina E. N. , Kovaleva A. Ya. , Lifshits G. I.
Published: May 2021

Background. Today excess body weight and obesity are considered an epidemic affecting millions of people around the world. Excess body weight in children increases the risk of development of obesity in adult age. Food preferences are formed in childhood and influenced by environmental, cultural, and genetic factors; the latter remaining unclear.

Objective. The study aimed at investigating the association of the rs5400 polymorphic locus of the SLC2A2 (GLUT2) gene and the rs4684677 polymorphic locus of the GHRL gene with excess body weight and preference for carbohydrates in preschool and primary school-aged children.

Methods. The study enrolled 92 patients aged between 3 and 11 years; 56 patients gave consent for the assessment of their food preferences. Genotyping of polymorphic loci in the SLC2A2 and GHRL genes was carried out for all patients. Results. All patients were divided into groups depending on their eating habits (the ratio of dietary carbohydrates), as well as the presence of excess body weight. The probability of consumption of excessive amounts of carbohydrates appeared to be higher for carriers of the G/A genotype in the SLC2A2 gene as compared to the G/G carriers (odds ratio: 9.3; 95 % confidence interval [1.8–47.3]; p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences in the distribution of genotypes of the GHRL gene have been found between the group with carbohydrate overconsumption and the control group (p > 0.05). Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of association of the rs5400 polymorphism in the SLC2A2 gene and the rs4684677 polymorphism in the GHRL gene with excess body weight in children (p > 0.05).

Conclusion. There are genetic predictors of obesity in adult population. Thus, for example, the rs5400 polymorphism in the SLC2A2 gene and rs4684677 in the GHRL gene are the risk factors for excess body weight. Our study in a pediatric population did not reveal any association of the presence of polymorphic loci in the above-mentioned genes with obesity in children. The association of the G/A genotype of the SLC2A2 gene with excess carbohydrate consumption was revealed: the odds ratio for excess carbohydrate consumption was higher in the G/A carriers as compared to the G/G carriers: OR = 9.3; CI = [1.8–47.3]; p = 0.004. This finding is probably related to the fact that these genetic variants are not risk factors for obesity in childhood. These issues require further investigation within the framework of personalized medicine.
Research Progress of Platinum-Based Superalloys for High Temperature Applications
Authors: Hu Changyi , Wei Yan , Cai Hongzhong , Chen Li , Wang Xian , Zhang Xuxiang , Zhang Guixue , Wang Xingqiang
Published: May 2021

Platinum-based alloys are being developed for high-temperature applications with the aim of replacing some of the currently used nickel-based superalloys (NBSAs) and benchmark alloy, PM2000. The platinum-based superalloys have a similar structure to the NBSAs and can potentially be used at higher temperatures and in more aggressive environments because platinum is more chemically inert and has a higher melting point. In this paper, the recent progress in research and development of platinum-based superalloys is overviewed. Firstly, the composition optimisation and structural design of platinum-base superalloys are introduced. The structural characteristics, mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and corrosion behaviour of platinum-aluminium ternary, quaternary and multiple superalloys are summarised. Finally, directions for further research and application of platinum-based superalloys are analysed and prospected.
Influence of Nutritional Awareness on Grocery Shopping by Kuwaiti Parents in Relation to Children Nutrition
Authors:   Nutrition Department, Jaber Al-Ahmad Armed Forces Hospital, Ministry of Defense, Kuwait, Al-Roumi Dalal , Abu-Abdo Dina ,   Nutrition Department, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Al-Khulaifi Mariam ,   Nutrition Department, Public Authority of the Disabled, Kuwait, Al-Khadhari Sara ,   Nutrition Department, Public Authority of the Disabled, Kuwait, Al-Awadhi Eman ,   Department of Nutrition and Food, Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital, Al-Zahra, Kuwait, El-Sabban Farouk ,   Nutrition and Physiology Consultant, Greater Richmond Area, Richmond, Virginia, USA
Published: May 2021

Background Caregivers, specifically parents, are ultimately responsible for the nutrition of children living in the household, in spite of the children’s preferences for food items. There have been no studies on the relationship between the nutritional knowledge level of Kuwaiti parents who grocery shop and their children’s nutrition. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore grocery shopping patterns of Kuwaiti parents in relation to their children's eating habits. Methods A questionnaire was administered by 4 of the authors through face-to-face interviews with 100 Kuwaiti parents who grocery shop for their families. The questionnaire was designed to cover three main categories: demographics, parents’ nutritional knowledge, and children’s nutrition. Subjects were interviewed at random at 6 supermarket locations. Data were analyzed utilizing a SPSS statistical package and the Chi–Square test was used to examine the association between variables at the p<0.05 level of significance. Results Demographic data of respondents showed that 92% were married, 66% were females, 61% were university graduates, and 84% allowed children to choose food items while shopping. Children’s age ranged from 2 to 18-years. Results indicated that the media was the main source of nutrition knowledge of participants. About 50% were familiar with food labels, 74% were shopping for nutrition claims and most parents (60%) were shopping for low-fat products. Analysis of data revealed several associations among demographics, nutrition knowledge of parents and nutrition of children. Conclusion This study is the first of its type to be carried out in Kuwait. It revealed several important aspects of parents’ background and awareness of nutrition as influencing factors on their grocery shopping. It is hoped that this line of research will be expanded, for the benefit of children’s health and avoidance of future nutrition-related diseases.
Population-Based Projections of Place of Death for Northern Ireland by 2040
Authors:   School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, University Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK, McKeaveney Clare , McConnell Tracey ,   Marie Curie Hospice, 1A Kensington Rd, Belfast BT5 6NF, UK, Harrison Craig ,   Marie Curie Hospice, 1A Kensington Rd, Belfast BT5 6NF, UK, Stone Victoria ,   Marie Curie Hospice, 1A Kensington Rd, Belfast BT5 6NF, UK, Reid Joanne ,   School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, University Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
Published: May 2021

Background There are global challenges in relation to an increasingly older population, rising numbers of deaths and the resulting need for end-of-life care. It is imperative for Health and Social Care to examine where people die and forward plan. Aim To establish the place where people have died 2004-2018 and project future place of death care setting by 2040. Materials and Methods Population-based trend analysis of place of death for people that died in Northern Ireland (2004-2018 from Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency) and projections using linear modelling (2019-2040 projections by Office of National Statistics). Results Deaths are projected to increase by 45.9%, from 15,922 in 2018 (of which 36.3% will be aged 85+ years) to 23,231 deaths in 2040 (39.8% aged 85+ years). Between 2004 and 2018, proportions of home and care home (defined as nursing and residential beds) deaths increased (24.5-27% and 16.3-19.4% respectively), while the proportion of hospital deaths declined (51.9-47.6%). If current trends continue, by 2040, deaths within the community (home and care home) will account for between 46.7-55.2% of all deaths. However, if care home capacity is limited at current levels (as of 2018), hospital deaths are projected to account for the largest proportion of deaths by 2040 (51.7%). Discussion Death at an increasing age has implications for end-of-life care provision. This study demonstrates an increasing need for end-oflife care over the next 20-years, particularly within community settings. Projections highlight the need for comprehensive planning to ensure service provision within the community meets the needs of the population.
The Right to Abortion in North Macedonia
Authors:   Skopje, Skopski, North Macedonia, Antonovska Daniela
Published: May 2021

Equitable access to safe abortion is part of the corpus of human rights. Providing women with access to safe abortion means protection and realization of one of their fundamental human rights. However, around the world, even nowadays, women face not only legal obstacles, but as well stigmatization and conviction against fulfillment of the right to abortion. In North Macedonia there a multiple type of barriers and large inequalities related to the accessibility and availability of reproductive healthcare services. Women with low socio-economic status are mostly affected. The need for contraception has not been met and reproductive healthcare services are unevenly distributed across the country.
Determining Factors Associated with Sexual Behavior and Undesired Outcomes in Urban,Young, Adult Female Populations: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Chatham University, 6585 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA and Women’s Emergency Care Research Group, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Brown Nicole E. , Abebe Alyssa ,   Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Chatham University, 6585 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA, Abebe Kaleab ,   Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Eisaman Duane ,   Women’s Emergency Care Research Group, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Published: May 2021

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies affect adolescent females annually. This study’s objective was to determine factors leading to disproportionate risk of STIs and unplanned pregnancies utilizing a survey to compare a presumed high-risk urban female population with an age-matched expected low-risk urban female population. Methods Adolescent women ages 18-24 were surveyed during 2017 utilizing a qualtrics survey. The survey was given at a local urban university and participating students received research credit. The survey was also given at an urban Emergency Department (ED) using an iPad to participants during their visit. The main outcomes measured were STI and unplanned pregnancy rates. Results The ED cohort had higher rates of chlamydia (52% vs 5%), gonorrhea (20% vs 0%), trichomoniasis (30% vs 2%), pregnancy (60% vs 2%), and perceived themselves to be a higher-risk for pregnancy (3.4 vs 1.9) than the University cohort. They were younger the first time they had vaginal sex (15.6 vs 16.3-years), though median age of first oral sex was similar between groups. The ED cohort was older (21.4-years-old vs 19.1-years-old) and more likely to be non-white (64% vs 6%). There were no differences between the cohorts in regard to educational background and sexual orientation. After adjustments were made, the University cohort was more likely to use condoms and had a lower rate of lifetime partners. Conclusion Young, urban females use condoms and birth control less frequently and have more male partners than an age-matched university population.
Sexual Violence and Victim Blaming in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria, Nwusulor Emmanuel E. , Onwubiko Ifeoma I. ,   Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Published: May 2021

Aims and Objectives To determine the trend and pattern of sexual violence and victim blaming in Nigeria, which is associated with a range of health consequences, to publish the trend and proffer solutions on how to stem the tide. Methods Questionnaires were administered to individuals physically by hand as well as electronically via online social media groups. Results In this study carried out between July 2019 and August 2020, the opinion of 251 respondents comprising 153 males (61%) and 98 females (39%) between ages 23 and 60 years, were sought concerning who to blame in a sexual violence event: 150 (60%) comprising 120 males (45%) and 30 females (15%) blamed the victim: 80 (31%) comprising 26 males (10%) and 54 females (21%) blamed the perpetrators, while 21 (9%) comprising 7 males (3%) and 14 females (6%) were indifferent. Conclusion Victim blaming is prevalent in Nigeria and this has been one of the major factors that make sexual violence the fastest growing crime in this most populated Sub-Saharan African Country.
Las políticas de control de armas pequeñas en América Latina
Authors: Sanjurjo-García Diego
Published: May 2021

El artículo presenta una visión general y actualizada de las políticas de control de armas pequeñas en América Latina. Con el fin de encontrar un equilibrio entre su uso legítimo y la prevención de daños sociales, todos los Estados latinoamericanos regulan la posesión y el uso de armas de fuego. El análisis comparativo demuestra que existe una gran heterogeneidad entre los países, pero la mayoría lo hace de formas relativamente restrictivas y con sistemas rigurosos de licencia y registro. A pesar de ello, el acatamiento limitado de las leyes y la falta de evidencia empírica sobre sus impactos dificultan la evaluación de sus resultados. En definitiva, no es posible determinar si estas políticas previenen lesiones y muertes, en consonancia con un área de políticas públicas en la cual persisten demasiadas incógnitas.
Los espacios vitales del sur argentino: el Atlántico Sur y el futuro de la Antártida
Authors: Gioffreda Camilo
Published: May 2021

Este artículo analiza el escenario estratégico del Atlántico Suroccidental Austral como un área de conflictos actuales y potenciales que debe enfrentar la República Argentina. Se parte de la influencia de los grandes poderes sobre ese espacio marítimo, para reflexionar luego sobre el rol que puede ejercer la Isla de los Estados como plataforma de proyección a Malvinas y la Antártida. Por último, se abordan los hechos portadores de futuro que advierten un claro escenario de competencia por el continente blanco, de cara a las próximas décadas. Se presenta un análisis cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, basado en la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas, documentos oficiales de Estado y artículos periodísticos. Se concluye que Argentina está muy lejos de mantener soberanía plena y un verdadero territorio nacional efectivo sobre el mapa que presenta y define como bicontinental.
Ciencia Política, estudios internacionales y geopolítica latinoamerican(ist)as: diagnóstico crítico de un diálogo inexistente
Authors: Burdman Julio , Cabrera-Toledo Lester- Martin
Published: May 2021

La Ciencia Política latinoamerican(ist)a ha experimentado en los últimos años un giro en su agenda de investigación. A finales del siglo XX, orbitaba temáticamente alrededor de la democratización, la ulterior adquisición de “calidad institucional” por parte de las nuevas democracias de la región, y el impacto de ambos procesos en la formulación de políticas públicas. El estudio de las políticas exteriores, de defensa y seguridad se enmarcaba en estas grandes tendencias teóricas y analíticas de la disciplina, que ejercían también un influjo considerable en el campo de los estudios internacionales. Sin embargo, en el siglo XXI, los estudios políticos se orientaron hacia problemáticas relativas a la estatalidad y la territorialidad: el federalismo, la gobernanza multinivel, la nacionalización/regionalización de gobiernos y la “política subnacional”. Lenta pero decididamente, la Ciencia Política comenzó a ocuparse de cuestiones que son de la incumbencia de la geografía política, aunque de espaldas a ella. En este artículo se sostiene que hay un problema de fondo en ese giro geográfico: el escaso conocimiento que tienen politólogos e internacionalistas sobre la geopolítica y sus hallazgos principales.
No time to waste: necessary health support for retired professional rugby players
Authors: Gouttebarge Vincent , Janse van Rensburg Christa , Kerkhoffs Gino
Published: May 2021

There has been increasing scrutiny of professional rugby following the concern that retired players might face several negative health conditions. Currently, support measures addressing the health of retired professional rugby players are not systematically implemented. This is unusual as professional rugby stakeholders have the duty of care to protect and promote the long-term health of retired players. Professional football has a health programme for retired players that is implemented globally. This programme formed the basis for the After Rugby Career Consultation (ARCC) which was developed to empower the sustainable health and quality of life of retired professional rugby players. The ARCC relies on information from three sources: (1) educational material, (2) medical examination, and (3) guidance, referral and/or monitoring. The South African rugby stakeholders have connected to pilot the ARCC as there is no time to waste: a step towards necessary health support for retired professional rugby players is needed.
Examining the effect of exposure time on the erosive potential of sour candy
Authors: Naidoo Lesley S , Onwubu Stanley C , Murugan Nelisha , Singh Shenuka
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the erosive potential of sour candy at a different time of exposure within a laboratory-based setting. Fifty human anterior tooth samples were randomly assigned into three groups, namely: sour candy, regular candy A, and deionized water (n=15). Each tooth sample was exposed to a solution containing the sample groups at different time intervals. Vickers hardness tester was used to measure the surface hardness pre- and postexposure. The mean surface hardness value measured was compared using a paired sample test (α =.05). Raman spectroscopy was used to study the change in the enamel structure in all sample groups. A significant difference in the surface hardness value was measured pre and post-exposure in all the sample groups (P<0.01). The samples exposed to sour candy had the highest tooth surface loss. In terms of the time of exposure, it was found that prolonged exposure had a significant effect on the surface hardness (P<0.01). The Raman intensity change confirmed that samples exposed to sour candy, after 2 hrs of exposure, had the highest loss of structural integrity. The study conclude that sour candies are very erosive and its impact enhances with time.
Botox in periodontics - Exploring new avenues
Authors: Reddy Manchala S , Shetty Shishir R , Shetty Raghavendra M , Vannala Venkataramana , Khazi Shakeel S , Mohammed Shoiab T
Published: May 2021

From a periodontal point of view, various factors contribute to facial aesthetics. In the recent past, studies have revealed that excessive gingival display is a factor that influences an individual’ smile line. Some literature exists to support that more than excessive gingival display of more than 3mm is considered unaesthetic and termed a ‘gummy smile’ (GS). The prevalence of 'gummy smile’ has been 10% and to be more common in females. Gingival hyperplasia altered passive eruption, vertical maxillary excess, and upper-lip hypermobility can all result in excessive gingival display when a patient smile.To select the correct treatment protocol, accurate diagnosis is essential. Various techniques have been used to treat gummy smile which includes surgical and non-surgical methods. Recently a non-surgical method using Botulinum toxin gained popularity considering that the method is minimally invasive.
Macrodontia and Dens Invaginatus - Review of the literature and a case report
Authors: van der Vyver Petrus J , Potgieter Nicoline , Moelich Nadine , Vally Zunaid
Published: May 2021

Disturbances in histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation may include genetic or environmental factors. These disturbances often lead to dental anomalies. This paper reviews the aetiology, clinical and radiographic appearance, diagnosis and treatment options for macrodontia and dens invaginatus respectively. A rare case is presented in which the two anomalies occurred directly next to each other in the anterior dentition of a young boy. The diagnostic process and management are reported with a detailed explanation of the use of modern diagnostic aids and equipment. The procedure of apexification is also described in detail as both anterior teeth were still immature when they turned necrotic. A 2-year follow up reported the successful treatment resolution of infection and associated symptoms, as well as restoration of function and aesthetics.
Dentists and dental technicians - A united team or uncomfortable alliance?
Authors: Sykes LM , Bernitz Herman , Becker Len H , Bradfield Charles
Published: May 2021

The effective practising of dentistry requires that dentists and dental technicians work hand in hand, having mutual respect for each other, while maintaining the highest standards in each of their respective disciplines. From a limited survey of dentists and dental technicians it seems that a small portion of our profession have misinterpreted the concept of “hand in hand” to be one of gross perverse incentives, corruption, collusion and dishonesty. This article may come as a shock to some and a revelation of what is known to be true to others. The issues discussed have generally been kept as “Dental family secrets”, however, the authors believe that these practices need to be uncovered if we want to put an end to this behaviour.
You can run, but you can’t hide - A bitemark analysis
Authors: Robinson Liam , Bernitz Herman
Published: May 2021

All names and places have been changed to protect innocent victims in this case report. A young woman was returning home after work when she was accosted by a man wielding a knife. She was dragged into a nearby bush where the suspect attempted to rape her. She put up a substantial fight and was able to flee the scene. She went directly to the nearest police station to report the case. She was asked by the police to accompany them in the hope that she might recognise the suspect at the local taxi rank, which was near the scene of the crime. She did in fact recognise the suspect who was duly arrested. He denied any knowledge of the crime for which he was being apprehended. The victim informed the police that she had remembered biting the suspect on his right shoulder during the attack and ensuing struggle. The suspect was asked to roll up his right sleeve where a possible bitemark wound was observed. The suspect was taken into custody for further investigations. Fortunately, the police officer in charge of the case had attended a lecture on bitemarks given by the second author some weeks before the incident and was therefore well-versed in the protocol for the collection of evidence in a bitemark case. The officer arranged that photographs and impressions of the possible bitemark were taken for forensic analysis. Unfortunately, swobs of the bitemark were not conducted, therefore DNA and ABO blood group antigen analysis could not be performed. Impressions of the victim’s dentition were also taken from which plaster models were constructed. All dental materials used in this case were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and were within their expiry dates. This evidence was submitted to the forensic odontology unit at the University of Pretoria for examination and comparative analysis
Integrating dentistry into palliative medicine - Novel insights and opportunities
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Ahsan Auswaf , Vengal Manoj , Sampath Prejith , Vivek G
Published: May 2021

Palliative care is a global human right, to be provided in a systematic way. The dentist can help the patient right from the initial diagnosis of the condition up to the relief of pain in the terminal stages of the diseases. This inquiry into the oral physician‘s role on elderly care and special needs would be of benefit to researchers of Palliative Dentistry; particularly in multidisciplinary contexts. This text proposes to discussintegrated oral care, oral health care delivery system, and a flow of educational actions, resources, research, conceptual framework, guidelines and dissemination of newer trends in oral palliative care.
Bauhaus Dokuma Atölyesi’nden Bir Kesit: Anni Albers, Otti Berger, Gunta Stölzl
Authors: ER BIYIKLI Nuray , SAATÇIOĞLU Kenan
Published: May 2021

18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Birleşik Krallık’ta ortaya çıkan Sanayi Devrimi, gelişen makineleşme süreci ile birlikte erken dönemlerinden itibaren tekstil üretimi üzerinde önemli derecede etkili olmuştur. Sanayi Devrimi’nden sonra tekstil tasarımcısı William Morris öncülüğünde ortaya konulan Arts and Crafts Hareketi, tekstil endüstrisi için önemli olan tekstil tasarımı süreçlerine farklı bir bakış açısı kazandırmıştır. Sanayi Devrimi ve Arts and Crafts Hareketi’nin yansımalarından beslenen ve 20. yüzyılın bir ihtiyacı olarak oluşan modern tasarım anlayışı doğrultusunda bir okul olarak 1919 yılında kurulan Bauhaus Sanat ve Tasarım Okulu bünyesinde yer alan Dokuma Atölyesi, endüstriyelleşme sürecinde tekstil tasarımına öncülük etmiş ve büyük katkılar sağlamıştır. Özellikle mevcut atölyede çalışan öğrenci ve akademisyenler, dokuma tasarımı alanında belirtilen dönem için çok önemli görülen ve endüstriyel anlamda değer taşıyan dokuma kumaş tasarımı örneklerini yansıtmışlardır. Bu çalışmada, tarihsel süreç içerisinde Sanayi Devrimi’nin tekstil tasarımına etkilerinin yansımaları ile birlikte Bauhaus Sanat ve Tasarım Okulu bünyesinde yer alan Dokuma Atölyesi’nin tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır. Mevcut amaç doğrultusunda ayrıca belirtilen atölyede hem öğrencilik hem de akademisyenlik yapmış olan Anni Albers, Otti Berger ve Gunta Stölzl adlı öncü kadın tekstil tasarımcıları hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, bu tasarımcıların endüstriyel bakış açısı doğrultusunda üretmiş oldukları dokuma kumaş tasarımları değerlendirilmiştir. Betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama yönteminin kullanılmış olduğu çalışmanın, Sanayi Devrimi’nin tekstil tasarımına etkilerini göstermesinin yanı sıra Bauhaus Sanat ve Tasarım Okulu bünyesinde yer alan Dokuma Atölyesi ve bu atölyeden çıkan üç farklı tasarımcının endüstriyel bağlamda üretmiş oldukları dokuma tasarımlarını yansıtması açısından önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir.
AFGANİSTAN’DA GÖÇ HAREKETLİLİĞİNİN NEDEN ve SONUÇLARI
Authors: OBAYD Ahmad Jawid , KARATAŞ Abdullah
Published: May 2021

Tarihi süreç içinde insanlığın gündeminden hiç çıkmayan bir mesele olan göç sorunu, 2000’li yıllarda da dünyanın çoğu ülkesinde hep gündemde tutulmuştur. Ekonomik endişeler ve savaş korkusu öncelikli olmak kaydıyla, birçok nedenle bireyler yaşadıkları mekânlardan toplu halde ayrılmaktadırlar. Tüm dünya ülkelerinde olduğu gibi Afganistan’da da göçün önemli bir sorun haline geldiği söylenebilir. Afganistan, 1979’daki Sovyet işgalinden bu yana 40 yılı aşkın süredir ardı kesilmeyen işgaller, iç çatışmalar ve dış müdahalelerden dolayı silahların hiç susmadığı bir ülke konumundadır. Afganistan, süper güçlerin çatışma sahası olmasının yanında sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi istikrarsızlıkla beraber terörle de anılan bir ülke haline gelmiştir. Her geçen gün artan şiddet olayları, tarihi İpek Yolu’nun geçtiği bir ülke olan Afganistan’ı adeta yaşanmaz bir ülke durumuna getirmiştir. Ülke içindeki huzursuz ve güvensiz ortam nedeniyle yıllardır göç sorunları yaşayan Afganistan, 20. yüzyılda komşu ülkeler başta olmak üzere dünyanın her yerine göç vermeye başlamıştır. İlk başta göç merkezi olarak Pakistan ve İran tercih edilmiş, daha sonra ise Türkiye ön plana çıkmıştır. İnsanlar yaşamış oldukları ekonomik, terör, güvenlik sorunları ve iç çatışmaların etkisiyle ülkesini terk etmek zorunda kalmaktadır. Diğer taraftan gelişmiş ülkelerdeki müreffeh hayat koşulları, ekonomik olanaklar ve güvenlik imkânları da bu ülkelere göçü cazip hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Afganistan’da göç sorunu, neden ve sonuçlarıyla ele alınacaktır.
Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oils from Different Sources
Authors:   Shenzhen University, Qiu Qi , Zhang Yiting
Published: May 2021

Regenerated gutter oil (i.e., waste oil) accounts for 10% of the edible oil market, which has caused serious food safety issues. Currently, there is no standard protocol for the identification of the gutter oil. In this study, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) method was employed to analyze eleven oil samples including edible vegetable oils (tea oil, corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil and blend vegetable oil) and waste oils (used frying oil, lard, chicken fat, inferior oil and kitchen waste grease). Three factors of pyrolysis temperature, reaction time and sample volume were investigated to optimize the analytical parameters. The optimal pyrolysis conditions were determined to be 600°C, 1 min and an injection volume of 0.3 μL. Five characteristic components (tetradecane, z,z-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, decanoic acid-2-propenyl ester, 17-octadecenoic acid, and z-9-octadecenoic acid) were found in all oil samples. The existence of C11-C16 olefins in the pyrolytic products of the animal fats and the other low-quality oils could be utilized to distinguish vegetable oils from gutter oils.
Dilemas de la representación democrática
Authors: Rojas Cárdenas Luz Mery
Published: May 2021

Manuel Alcántara, Porfirio Cardona-Restrepo, Dilemas de la representación democrática, Medellín, Colombia, Tirant Lo Blanch/Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 2020.
Problematyka prawa własności ludzkiego ciała i jego części w praktyce orzeczniczej Australii. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Biały Aneta
Published: May 2021

Problematyka poruszana w opracowaniu dotyczy niezwykle ważnych i jednocześnie delikatnych zagadnień, których przedmiotem jest ludzkie ciało i jego organy w kontekście przysługującego człowiekowi prawa własności. Niewątpliwie interdyscyplinarność i obszerność tematyki czyni ją niezwykle interesującą i wartą pogłębionej analizy.

Orzecznictwo w zakresie prawa własności ludzkiego ciała i jego części w systemie prawnym common law i jurysdykcji Australii nie jest jednolite, co dodatkowo utrudnia udzielenie jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy człowiek ma swobodę decydowania o przeznaczeniu swojego ciała lub jego części w czasie życia lub na wypadek śmierci. W związku z tym niniejsze opracowanie będzie próbą odpowiedzi na powyższe pytanie, z zastrzeżeniem, że z uwagi na obszerność zagadnienia nie jest to opracowanie całościowe.
Administracyjnoprawny charakter nadania statusu miasta na wniosek gminy
Authors: Wytrążek Wojciech
Published: May 2021

Tworzenie, łączenie i znoszenie gmin i powiatów należy do kompetencji Rady Ministrów, która dokonuje tych zmian w drodze rozporządzenia. Z przepisów nie wynika konkretnie, co powinno odróżniać gminę wiejską od miejskiej. Miasto powinno posiadać infrastrukturę społeczną i techniczną oraz układ urbanistyczny i charakter zabudowy. W ustawie o samorządzie gminnym jako kryteria zmian i ustalania granic gmin wskazano układ osadniczy i przestrzenny, uwzględniający więzi społeczne, gospodarcze i kulturowe oraz zapewniający zdolność wykonywania zadań publicznych. Brak konkretnych warunków, jakie powinna spełniać miejscowość albo gmina starająca się o uzyskanie statusu miasta, pozostają w sprzeczności z zasadą pewności prawa, na co wpływa również szeroki zakres uznania administracyjnego. Uzyskanie statusu miasta zaspokaja ambicje mieszkańców i daje miejscowości swego rodzaju prestiż, głównie związanym z walorami promocyjno-marketingowymi. Nadanie statusu miasta następuje w drodze rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów, które ma specyficzny charakter – nie ustanawia norm generalnych i abstrakcyjnych, ale rozstrzyga indywidualną sprawę gminy lub miejscowości.
Ochrona wód morskich Morza Bałtyckiego a zrównoważony rozwój
Authors: Ogonowska Adrianna
Published: May 2021

Koncepcja zrównoważonego rozwoju opiera się na założeniu istnienia kompromisu między dalszym rozwojem ekonomicznym a zachowaniem środowiska w jak najlepszym stanie. Jest ona wdrażana poprzez różne akty prawne i dokumenty planistyczne, w tym również takie, które odnoszą się do ochrony środowiska morskiego.

Cel przeprowadzenia niniejszych rozważań stanowi przedstawienie oraz ocena relacji między zrównoważonym rozwojem a ochroną środowiska morskiego Morza Bałtyckiego. Analiza dotyczy odniesień pojawiających się w prawie polskim na tle odniesień występujących w prawie międzynarodowym i unijnym.
The Act on the National Cybersecurity System and Other Legal Regulations in the Context of Ensuring State Cybersecurity. Selected Issues
Authors: Skoczylas Dominika
Published: May 2021

Ustawa o krajowym systemie cyberbezpieczeństwa i inne regulacje prawne w kontekście zapewnienia cyberbezpieczeństwa państwa. Zagadnienia wybrane

Artykuł przedstawia zmiany w polskim porządku prawnym, w aspekcie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa systemów teleinformatycznych oraz narzędzi systemowych, za pomocą których odbywa się przetwarzanie danych oraz świadczenie usług na odległość. Analizie zostały poddane zagadnienia odnoszące się do potencjalnych zagrożeń prawidłowego funkcjonowania sieci oraz obowiązki organów administracji publicznej w zakresie cyberbezpieczeństwa. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na władztwo administracyjne podmiotów, dzięki któremu mogą zastosować właściwe środki ochronne. Ponadto przedstawiono regulacje prawa unijnego w odniesieniu do strategii jednolitego rynku cyfrowego Unii Europejskiej. Celem pracy będzie wskazanie potencjalnych zagrożeń cyberprzestrzeni oraz próby przeciwstawienia się nim, na przykładzie regulacji przyjętych przez Polskę. W pierwszej części pracy omówiona zostanie materia zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa sieciowego, w drugiej – obowiązki podmiotów w kwestii cyberbezpieczeństwa, wynikające z aktów prawnych. Metody badawcze obejmują analizę aktów prawnych z wykorzystaniem literatury przedmiotu.
Przestępstwo handlu niewolnikami (art. 8 p.w.k.k.)
Authors: Wróbel Adam
Published: May 2021

Przedmiotem rozważań jest przestępstwo handlu niewolnikami, stypizowane w art. 8 przepisów wprowadzających kodeks karny. Autor rozważa genezę przepisu art. 8 p.w.k.k., przedmiot ochrony, podmiot, stronę podmiotową, stronę przedmiotową przestępstwa handlu niewolnikami; próbuje scharakteryzować m.in. pojęcia „niewolnictwa”, „handlu niewolnikami”, „oddania innej osoby w stan niewolnictwa”, „utrzymywania w stanie niewolnictwa”, odwołując się do poglądów wyrażanych w doktrynie i judykaturze. Autor wskazuje w konkluzji, że przestępstwo z art. 8 p.w.k.k. bierze swe źródło z umów międzynarodowych, których Rzeczpospolita Polska jest stroną. Przedmiotem ochrony art. 8 p.w.k.k. jest wolność oraz godność człowieka. Podmiot sprawczy jest powszechny. Przestępstwo ma charakter wieloodmianowy; umyślny, toteż popełnione może być w zamiarze bezpośrednim, jak również, wydaje się, ewentualnym; jest zbrodnią ściganą z oskarżenia publicznego; popełnione może zostać przez działanie; zaniechanie zaś wydaje się realizowalne w przypadku utrzymywania osoby w stanie niewolnictwa. Zagadnienie niewolnictwa interpretować należy w świetle definicji legalnej, zaś handel niewolnikami w kontekście definicji ustawowej handlu ludźmi. Handel niewolnikami może mieć charakter chociażby jednorazowej transakcji – nawet nieodpłatnej – w stosunku choć do jednej osoby będącej jej przedmiotem.
Duszpasterskie zadania powierzone parafiom zakonnym przez bydgoskiego biskupa diecezjalnego
Authors: Ciołek Wojciech
Published: May 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie duszpasterskich zadań powierzonych parafiom zakonnym przez bydgoskiego biskupa diecezjalnego. Przybliżono historyczną ocenę koncepcji, organizacji i rozwój życia zakonnego. Wskazano, że rady ewangeliczne będące darem od Boga, stały się miarą życia ludzi, którzy chcieli naśladować Chrystusa. Pokazano, że forma życia tych osób zmieniała się na przestrzeni wieków. Podkreślono rolę parafii jako szczególnej formy obecności Kościoła w świecie. Przedstawiono ogólny i teoretyczny problem dotyczący powierzania parafii instytutowi zakonnemu i zadań z tym związanych. Przybliżono zadania proboszcza zakonnego oraz uwidoczniono istotną różnicę pomiędzy proboszczem diecezjalnym a proboszczem biskupim. Analizie poddane zostały parafie zakonne w diecezji bydgoskiej i ich swoiste zadania. Zwrócono uwagę na rolę zakonów w pracy duszpasterskiej. W całości rozważań zaznaczono fakt, że biskup diecezji bydgoskiej Jan Tyrawa nie dokonał prawnego powierzenia parafii żadnemu zakonowi. Współczesność zaś wymaga większej kooperacji zakonów z biskupami miejsca i wspólną realizację określonych zadań.
Organizacja skutecznej w działaniu instytucji publicznej na przykładzie działania Rzecznika Praw Dziecka
Authors: Sołtysiak Patrycja
Published: May 2021

Zasady i wytyczne sprawnej organizacji działania stanowią zbiór proponowanych przez naukę dyrektyw i zaleceń, których świadome stosowanie w znacznym stopniu ułatwia i przyspiesza działanie oraz pozwala na osiągnięcie lepszych wyników. Problem ochrony praw poszczególnych grup społecznych istnieje na całym świecie. Polska, podobnie jak większość krajów na świecie, posiada organy o charakterze ombudsmańskim lub quasi-ombudsmańskim w postaci różnych zinstytucjonalizowanych rzeczników praw, których powinna cechować skuteczność działania. Istotne jest sprawne i efektywne funkcjonowanie w prawie wewnętrznym podmiotu sprawującego odpowiednią kontrolę, czy prawa poszczególnych grup społecznych są należycie wykonywane, zabezpieczone i chronione. Do takich podmiotów należy ombudsman, którego odpowiednikiem jest RPD. Przedmiotem kontroli sprawowanej przez Rzecznika jest sprawdzanie zarówno działań, jak i zaniechań, czyli bezczynności innych podmiotów prawa. Prawną formą działania RPD jest również szeroko rozumiana współpraca z aparatem administracyjnym.
Prawne podstawy funkcjonowania systemu zarządzania Compliance w sektorze publicznym
Authors: Szewczak Marcin
Published: May 2021

Artykuł dotyczy funkcjonowania systemu zarządzania Compliance w sektorze publicznym. Rozważania merytoryczne obejmują analizę prawną przepisów odnośnie do wdrażania systemu Compliance na poziomie Unii Europejskiej, a także w polskim porządku prawnym. W obu przypadkach kluczowym elementem funkcjonowania systemu zarządzania zgodnością są procedury związane ze zgłaszaniem naruszeń prawa. Wprowadzenie nowych rozwiązań prawnych do polskiego systemu prawnego ma za zadanie usprawnienie działania sektora publicznego w naszym kraju. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały nie tylko proponowane rozwiązania prawne, ale również koncepcja systemu zarządzania zgodnością, ze wskazaniem rozwiązań obowiązujących w innych kulturach prawnych.