bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of PPC-graft-poly (PEOMA) Brush and PPC Gels via Post-polymerization Modification of Hydroxyl-functionalized Poly (Propylene Carbonate)
Authors: Zeng Shulong , Wu Xiaojun , Ren Yao , He Lirong
Published: May 2022

Post-polymerization modification offers a facile and effective tool for adapting polymer properties. However, it has not been applied to poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) as traditional PPC lacks sufficient functional groups along the polymer chain. In the present work, for the first time, hydroxyl-functionalized PPC has been prepared and used to construct PPC-brush and cross-linked polymer gels through post-polymerization modification approach. PPC-brushes in the form of PPC-graft-poly (PEOMA) were obtained with controllable brush length and brush density via “grafting from” a PPC-macroinitiator which was synthesized from esterification reaction of PPC-OH with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. PPC permanent networks in the form of dioxane gels were prepared by cross-linking PPC-OH with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Rheological measurement of the gels showed that the cross-linking density scales linearly with the hydroxyl group density in PPC-OH. This work not only offers a facile strategy to realize the post-modification of PPC but also spurs the devising of innovative biodegradable materials with tailored molecular architectures.
Curauá fibers from plants produced by tissue culture: thermal, mechanical, and morphological characterizations
Authors: de Freitas Ana E. M. , Padilha Felipe de J. , Barros Silma de S. , Barbosa Willams T. , Barbosa Josiane D. V. , Calderaro Fábio L. , Silva Simone da , Quirino Magnólia G. , FREITAS FLAVIO A
Published: May 2022

Curauá fibers are already well known, mainly for their good mechanical properties and synergism with polymeric matrices. Thus, in this work, we produced the curauá plant by tissue culture (micropropagation technique) and extracted the fibers, which were characterized regarding moisture, ash, extractives, lignin, hemicellulose, holocellulose, and cellulose contents, besides infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluation of mechanical properties. Compared to other works, this curauá fiber presented a higher content of cellulose (77.2%) and lower hemicellulose content (6.8%). Another unique feature was the high crystallinity of the cellulose present in the fiber (73.53%), which reflected good thermal and mechanical properties. Thus, we show that the micropropagation technique is highly advantageous for the scale production of this fiber, in addition to producing a high-quality fiber for application in composites since it can better control the plant growth environment as well as macro and micronutrients.
Maternal Multi-morbidity - Experiences of Women Seeking Asylum During Pregnancy and After Childbirth: a Qualitative Study
Authors: ROWE ANNA , BHARDWAJ MINAKSHI , MCCAULEY MARY
Published: May 2022

Background Many women seeking asylum during pregnancy and after childbirth experience significant ill-health, but detection and assessment is often difficult as part of routine maternity care. Healthcare providers are key for the early identification and management of vulnerable pregnant women who have additional psychological and social health needs. We sought to explore the experiences and health needs of women seeking asylum during pregnancy and after childbirth in Liverpool, United Kingdom. Enabling factors and barriers to access women-centred care were also explored.Methods Key informant interviews (n=10) and one focus group discussion (n=4) were conducted with women attending a pregnancy support group. Transcribed interviews were coded by topic and then grouped into categories. Thematic framework analysis was undertaken to identify emerging themes. ResultsWomen seeking asylum understand wellbeing during and after pregnancy is multifactorial and that physical health is interlinked with psychological and social factors. Many women reported that their expectations of maternity services were exceeded, but information giving, and the use of language interpreters needed to be improved. Women explained that they need more comprehensive and timely psychological and social support. The asylum-seeking process itself resulted in women feeling anxious and/or depressed with little control or choice over their future. Women were stressed regarding poor standard of accommodation, low income, dispersal and the uncertainty of their asylum application outcome.ConclusionsA multidisciplinary framework and team support, with effective referral pathways to collaborate with maternal mental health and social services, are necessary as part of routine maternity care to ensure a more comprehensive and holistic approach that addresses the needs of asylum-seeking women.
Luteolin ameliorated CHC-induced autophagy dysfunction in macrophages through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zou Tao , Li Shiqin , Gao Shan , Yao Lan , Xu Mengyao , Wu Zhigui , Huang Yilan , Wang Shurong
Published: May 2022

Background
Macrophages play a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS), and cholesterol crystals (CHC) abundantly present in AS can affect the function of macrophages. Studies have found that the flavonoid luteolin (Lut) in nature has multiple functions such as anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory.
Objective
This experiment intends to explore whether Lut can reverse the autophagy dysfunction of macrophages induced by CHC and whether it can reduce the apoptosis of macrophages caused by CHC, and study its mechanism.
Methods
The RAW264.7 macrophages were modeled with CHC, and the optimal concentration of Lut was used to act on the inflammatory modeled macrophages. The changes in autophagy protein, apoptosis protein, and apoptosis were observed to confirm whether Lut is effective in the inflammation model. Effects of Lut combined with 3-MA autophagy inhibitor on autophagy and apoptosis of macrophages. Finally, the effect of Lut on the autophagy pathway AMPK and mTOR in inflammation modeling with CHC was studied.
Results
The expression of LC3-II/LC3-I decreased, p62 increased, and the apoptosis rate increased and the expression of Bax protein, cleaved caspase-3/procaspase-3 increased, tumor necrosis factor TNF- α expression increased. After Lut intervenes in macrophages after CHC action, the above effects are opposite. After CHC acted on macrophages, the phosphorylation of AMPK was significantly inhibited, while the phosphorylation of mTOR was significantly enhanced. After Lut intervention, the above results were the opposite.
Conclusion
CHC can inhibit the autophagy function of RAW264.7 macrophages and cause macrophage apoptosis. Lut can improve the autophagy dysfunction of macrophages caused by CHC and reduce the apoptosis caused by the inhibition of macrophage autophagy. Lut can regulate the apoptosis of macrophages caused by CHC through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Composition of sedimentary organic matter in Thrissur Kole wetland, Southwest India
Authors: V Vidya P , S Rajathy , S Ratheesh Kumar C
Published: May 2022

Spatio-temporal distribution dynamics of various biochemical components in Thrissur Kole wetland were analysed to assess the quality of organic matter (OM) and trophic status. Thrissur Kole wetland forms the part of the Vembanad wetland system, located in the southwest coast of India. Surface sediment samples were collected from sixteen sites during non-monsoon (February 2019) and monsoon (August 2019) seasons. Concentration of biochemical parameters displayed a trend as follows: total carbohydrates > total protein > tannin & lignin > total lipids. Observed chlorophyll pigment concentration in sediments was as follows: Chla > Chlb > Chlc (in both seasons). Intermediate values of C/N ratios indicated a mixed origin of OM. Majority of stations exhibited lower values of protein to carbohydrate ratios which revealed the occurrence of aged sedimentary OM. Lower values of lipid to carbohydrate ratio indicated lower nutritional value of the organic content. The lower content of labile OM, low biopolymeric carbon to total organic carbon ratio and low algal contribution to the biopolymeric carbon suggested that a bulk fraction of OM exist as refractory. Trophic state of the wetland system was evaluated as hypertrophic, based on protein and carbohydrate content, biopolymeric carbon and algal contribution to biopolymeric carbon.
ECG signals’ detection using a Dropout Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Guo Keyou , Wang Sudong , Ma Liping , He Chengbo
Published: May 2022

In the common application of ECG, a technique of detecting and analyzing ECG signal waveform based on deep learning for large samples of ECG signal is proposed to replace artificial image recognition. For higher accuracy, it’s necessary to improve the existing CNN classifiers. First, it’s to pre-process the ECG signal to remove noise for QRS detection. Secondly, it’s to extract the QRS complex features, which contain the R wave— with the largest amplitude, can be used to capture and locate protruding morphological data, then send the datasets to the model to train. Eventually, the results are obtained. Using the proposed Dropout-DCNN model, the overall accuracy of the detection reaches 99.52% when we compare it with manual ones marked by experts in the MIT-BIH library. It can be considered that this module better than other ones and can be applied in clinical practice.
The Revised-Risk Analysis Index as a predictor of major morbidity and mortality after abdominal surgery in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Bin , Zong Yanan , Xu Mao , Wang Xiaoxiao , Guo Xiangyang
Published: May 2022

Background
The revised-Risk Analysis Index (RAI-rev) can accurately predict postoperative mortality risk. However, the association of RAI-rev with composite outcome of major morbidity and mortality (MMM) among elderly surgical patients is largely unknown. This study investigated the association between RAI-rev and postoperative MMM in older patients undergoing abdominal surgery. It also assessed the predictive value of RAI-rev combined with other preoperative risk factors.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study reviewed the medical records of all patients aged 65 and older who underwent abdominal surgery between January 2018 and December 2019. The primary outcome was the postoperative MMM during hospitalization, and its association with pre-operative RAI-rev scores was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The prediction of postoperative outcomes was used the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.
Results
A total of 2225 elderly patients were analyzed, and 258 (11.6%) developed postoperative MMM. After adjusting for confounders, each unit increase in RAI-rev scores resulted in a 2.3% increase in the MMM risk and a 3.0% increase in the odds of life-threatening complications and mortality (both P < 0.05). The area under the curves (AUCs) of RAI-rev scores in predicting MMM and life-threatening complications and mortality was 0.604 (95% CI: 0.567–0.640) and 0.633 (95% CI: 0.592 to 0.675), respectively (both P < 0.001); when the RAI-rev was combined with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, operative stress, and urgency status of surgery (emergency or elective), the AUCs were 0.691 (95% CI: 0.656–0.726) and 0.739 (95% CI: 0.702 to 0.777), respectively (both P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Higher RAI-rev scores were independently associated with increased risk of MMM. When combined with the ASA classification, operative stress, and urgency status of surgery, RAI-rev has improved performance in predicting the risk of MMM, particularly the life-threatening complications and mortality.
Changes in condylar position and morphology after mandibular reconstruction by fibular flap with condyle preservation
Authors: Chen Haoliang , Li Yongheng , Sun Yawei , Chen Xin , Pu Yumei , Sun Guowen
Published: May 2022

Objects
Changes in condylar position and morphology after mandibular reconstruction are important to aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. We evaluated changes in condylar position and morphology at different stages after mandibular reconstruction with condyle preservation.
Materials and Methods
A total of 23 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with fibular flap were included in this retrospective study. CT data of all patients were recorded before surgery (T0), 7 to 14 days after surgery (T1), and at least 6 months after surgery (T2). 5 parameters describing the condylar position and 4 parameters describing the morphology were measured in sagittal and coronal views of CT images. The association between clinical characteristics and changes in condylar position and morphology. A finite element model was established to investigate the stress distribution and to predict the spatial movement tendency of the condyle after reconstruction surgery.
Results
The condylar position changed over time after mandibular reconstruction. The ipsilateral condyles moved inferiorly after surgery (T0 to T1) and continually move anteriorly, inferiorly, and laterally during long-term follow-up (T1 to T2). Contrary changes were noted in the contralateral condyles with no statistical significance. No morphological changes were detected. No significant relationship between clinical characteristics and changes in condylar position and morphology. A consistent result was observed in the finite element analysis.
Conclusion
Condylar positions showed obvious changes over time after mandibular reconstruction with condylar preservation. Nevertheless, Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the clinical function outcomes and condylar position
Clinical relevance
These findings can form the basis for the evaluation of short-term and long-term changes in condylar position and morphology among patients who have previously undergone mandibular reconstruction by FFF with condyle preservation.
Harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential stochastic resonance with its application to enhance weak fault characteristics of machinery
Authors: Qiao Zijian , Chen Shuai , Lai Zhihui , Zhou Shengtong , Sanjuán Miguel A. F.
Published: May 2022

Although noise is ubiquitous and unwanted in detecting weak signals, the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR) is beneficial for enhancing weak signals embedded in signals with strong background noise. Taking into account that nonlinear systems are crucial ingredients to activate the SR, here we investigate the SR in the cases of overdamped and underdamped harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential systems subjected to noise and a periodic force. We derive and measure the analytic expression of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the steady-state probability density (SPD) function under approximate adiabatic conditions. When the harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential loses its stability, we can observe the antiresonance phenomenon, whereas adding the damped factor into the overdamped system can change the stability of the harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential, resulting that the antiresonance behavior disappears in the underdamped system. Then, we use the overdamped and underdamped harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential SR to enhance weak useful characteristics for diagnosing incipient rotating machinery failures. Theoretical and experimental results show that adjusting both noise intensity and system parameters can activate overdamped and underdamped harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential SR in which there is a bell-shaped peak for the SNR. Additionally, the underdamped harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential SR is independent of offset frequency and scale transformation to process large machine parameter signals and outperforms the overdamped one. Finally, comparing the advanced robust local mean decomposition (RLMD) method based on signal decomposition and the wavelet transform method based on noise cancellation, the overdamped or underdamped harmonic-Gaussian double-well potential SR methods characterize a better performance to detect a weak signal. Fault characteristics in the early stage of defects are successful in improving the incipient fault characteristic identification of rolling element bearings.
Detecting adverse reaction signals to statins in a Chinese regional healthcare database, using a tree-based scan statistic method
Authors: Hailong Li , Houyu Zhao , Hongbo Lin , Peng Shen , Siyan Zhan
Published: May 2022

Healthcare databases offer complementary data for drug safety signal detection, addressing the limitations of spontaneous reporting. We applied the tree-based scan statistic (TreeScan) to detect adverse effect signals to statin therapy, using 2010–2016 data from the Yinzhou regional healthcare database. Patients (> 18 years) with hypertension were included, and identified as statin users according to their out-/inpatient prescription records. Adverse events (AEs) were defined per ICD‐10 codes from participants’ diagnosis records. We detected the safety signals of statins using the TreeScan method and established a set of reference signals according to these ICD‐10 codes. The signal gold standard was constructed from published meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and statin package inserts. Diagnostic test measures—sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, among others—were computed. In total, 224,187 patients were enrolled and classified as either statin users (85,758) or nonusers (138,429). A reference set of 126 ICD‐10-derived AEs, including 13 positive and 113 negative signals, was constructed; TreeScan generated 30 positive signals (p < 0.05), 9 of which were known AEs. Hence, TreeScan can be applied as a drug safety surveillance, signal detection method, simultaneously evaluating several potential AEs. It can further adjust for the multiple testing inherent in evaluating overlapping groups.
METRECoP: a methodology for identifying METamorphic RElations through Constraint Programming
Authors: de Castro-Cabrera M. Carmen , García-Dominguez Antonio , Medina-Bulo Inmaculada
Published: May 2022

Metamorphic Testing (MT) is a test design approach that produces “follow-up” test cases from existing ones, through the application of metamorphic relations (MRs). These MRs encode known properties about the problem being solved by the system under test. Identifying , designing and implementing the MRs is costly and error-prone. In the past, several methodologies have been proposed to guide the design of MRs, such as iterative metamorphic testing (IMT) or MR-GEN. In this paper, we propose a refinement of IMT which takes advantage of mature existing constraint programming languages to formalize MRs and automate the generation of test cases. The methodology covers the design of the initial cases, the design of the MRs, and the application of the MRs to produce a comprehensive test suite. METRECoP is applied to an empirical study, creating 10 MRs (by constraint solvers), producing a test suite that can detect all the defects that were seeded into the program, and guiding the design of additional MRs.
A Framework for Quantifying Disaster Level Social Hardship: The case of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Authors: Rivera Wilmer O. Martínez , Carvalhaes Thomaz , Jevtic Petar , Reddy Agami
Published: May 2022

We propose a supervised learning approach to statistically quantify the impact of an extreme event on vulnerable communities using publicly available panel data directly reflective of the different dimensions and manifestations of social hardship. These manifestations include suicides, substance abuse, excess mortality, unemployment, and others. Our modified treatment-effect model allows counterfactual baseline conditions to be posited for each manifestation from which an aggregated quantitative multi-faceted measure of social hardship can be determined. The developed statistical methodology should be greatly beneficial to policymakers who must allocate scarce resources to mitigate social hardship. Our work represents a distinct alternative to the established approach of assessing social vulnerabilities of communities subject to extraordinary events that rely on composite indices (such as Social Vulnerability Index SoVI) based on published census data. We illustrate applicability of our approach using annual and monthly panel data from 2012-2018 encompassing the 2017 Hurricane Maria event across various municipalities in Puerto Rico. Our statistical modeling methodology stands apart since (i) it explicitly and more realistically captures the effect of different manifestations of the actual event, (ii) it is flexible enough to accommodate individual preferences of various stakeholders in how they assign importance to multiple manifestations of social hardship.
Exploring the mechanisms of Kanli Granule in the treatment of chronic heart failure based on network pharmacology combined with experimental verification
Authors: Wang Xinting , Li Huiling , Lu Cheng , Zhao Jingru , Wang Huiying , Jiang Meixian , Liu Yongming
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives: Kanli granule (KG) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has a significant effect on chronic heart failure (CHF). KG takes "warming and invigorating the heart and kidney Yang Qi, promoting water and blood circulation" as the treatment principle, which can make the heart Yang vibrate, the kidney water transpiration, and the blood promote the circulation of water without the danger of stopping warter blood stasis. However, due to the complexity of TCM, the action mechanism of KG is unclear. In this study, we employed a network pharmacology approach combined with experimental verification to investigate the mechanism of KG in the treatment of CHF. Materials and methods: The active ingredients and targets of KG were searched by TCMSP and TCM database@Taiwan databases, and the CHF-related targets were collected from DisGeNET, OMIM and TTD databases. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) signal pathway analysis were carried out through DAVID database. Furthermore, the bubble diagrams of GO analysis and KEGG signal pathway analysis are made on OmicShare platform. The network diagram of "herbs–ingredients–targets–pathways" was constructed by Cytoscape3.7.0 software. We established a TAC induced CHF mice model to verify the protective mechanism of KG. Results: 30 active ingredients of KG were screened for the prevention and treatment of CHF, and 37 targets for the prevention and treatment of CHF by the active components of KG, including SERCA2a, PLB. GO analysis showed that there were 219 items related to biological process, 32 items related to cellular composition and 42 items related to molecular function. There are 81 related KEGG signaling pathways, including calcium signaling pathway. The results of animal experiments showed that KG significantly improved cardiac function in CHF mice by reducing LVEF, FS, NT -proBNP, and KG significantly improved cardiac structure in CHF mice by decreasing LVIDd, LVPWd, and the extent of cardiac fibrosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KG upregulated SERCA2a expression and activity to ameliorate CHF. Conclusion: KG may prevent and treat CHF by acting on calcium signaling pathway, increasing SERCA2a expression and improving cardiac function and cardiac structure.
Barriers and facilitators to utilization of community drug distribution points among adult HIV patients in Bushenyi district, south-western Uganda: A qualitative study
Authors: Oyet David , Akol Gideon , Onyait Emmanuel , Twinomugisha Daphine , Wambera Doreen Kawala , Wakida Edith , Obua Celestino , Niyonzima Vallence
Published: May 2022

Background
People living with HIV still have challenges in accessing HIV services in low- and middle income countries. In Uganda, the community drug distribution points are interventions to improve access to anti-retroviral medications. However, there is still low enrollment on community drug distribution points among PLHIV in south western Uganda particularly in Bushenyi district. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to utilization of community drugs distribution points among adult HIV patients.
Methods
This was a descriptive study utilizing a qualitative approach. We purposively recruited 24 adult HIV patients and 6 health workers as key informants. We conducted in depth interviews with adult HIV patients and key informant interviews with health workers using interview guide. The data were transcribed from audios to Runyakore-Rukiga in word document then translated to English. Data were analyzed manually using thematic analysis.
Results
We found that the main facilitators to utilization of community drug distribution points were positive health workers’ attitude and reduced expenses especially in term of transport cost. The main barriers to utilization of community drug distribution points were lack of infrastructure and privacy.
Conclusion and recommendations
: Patients’ utilization of community drug distribution points is greatly influenced by the health workers attitude. Stigma is still a limitation to utilization of HIV services. We recommend that interventions to eliminate stigma be put in place and infrastructure be put at the community drug distribution points.
A novel strategy to interpret the differences among white ginseng, red ginseng and American ginseng based on normalized ginsenoside profiles
Authors: Li Yahui , Yang Bingkun , Guo Wei , Zhang Panpan , Zhang Jianghua , Zhao Jing , Wang Qiao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiaowei , Kong Dezhi
Published: May 2022

Background
It is well known that ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in ginseng, and they have also been important indexes for assessing the quality of ginseng. However, the absolute contents of ginsenosides in ginseng were shown to be varied with the origin, cultivated type, cultivated year and climate. It is a great challenge to distinguish the commercial types of ginsengs based on the absolute content of ginsenosides.
Methods
The common commercial types of ginsengs in China are white ginseng (WG), red ginseng (RG), American ginseng (AG). To clearly illustrate the differences among WG, RG and AG at the ginsenosides level, we established a strategy for the detection and identification of ginsenosides based on an optimized LC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS method coupled with an in-house database of ginsenosides. A special normalization to the datasheet was also introduced prior to multivariate statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis.
Results
Here, 81 ginsenosides were identified in different ginseng samples. The majority of the ginsenosides (59 in 81) were all shared by WG, RG and AG. Our analysis strategy clearly divided the ginseng samples into three groups (i.e., WG, RG and AG groups). The ginsenoside profiles in RG and WG were significantly different from those in AG. The potential markers and multivariate diagnostic models differentiating the three types of ginsengs were indicated by the principal component analysis (PCA) and logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
Our novel methodology according to ginsenoside profiles is more robust than that based on single ingredient, and could be widely used to distinguish the commercial types of ginsengs.
Establishment of a Rabbit Liver Metastasis Model by Percutaneous Puncture of the Spleen and Implantation of the VX2 Tumor Strain under CT Guidance
Authors: Li Bing , Feng Guiling , Feng Xu , Zhang Qing , Zhang Chuan , Xu Xiaoxue , Yang Hanfeng , Du Yong
Published: May 2022

Objective
This study aimed to compare the feasibility, success rate, and safety of establishing a rabbit VX2 liver metastasis model by percutaneous splenic implantation under CT guidance and open splenic implantation of the VX2 tumor strain.
Methods
Fifty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into group A (the percutaneous puncture group) (n = 25) and group B (the laparotomy group) (n = 25). In group A, 25 New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with tumor strains by percutaneous splenic puncture under CT guidance. In group B, 25 New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with tumor strains in the spleen by laparotomy. After 2–3 weeks of implantation, both group A and group B underwent MRI to confirm tumor growth in the spleen and metastasis to the liver. Two experimental rabbits randomly selected from groups A and B were killed for pathological examination. The success rate, complication rate, and operation time in groups A and B were compared and analyzed.
Results
A total of 22 rabbits in group A were successfully modeled, and the success rate was 88% (22/25). The average time of tumor operation was 10.0 ± 3.4 minutes. A total of 21 rabbits in group B were successfully modeled, and the success rate was 85% (21/25). The average time of tumor operation in group B was 23.0 ± 6.2 minutes. There was no significant difference in the success rate of modeling between the two groups (P > 0.05). The MRI manifestations of liver metastases were multiple nodular and punctate abnormal signal shadows in the liver. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed a large number of tumor cells in the tumor area.
Conclusion
CT-guided percutaneous splenic implantation of the VX2 tumor strain to establish a rabbit liver metastasis model is a minimally invasive and feasible modeling method. The success rate of this technique is not lower than that of open splenic implantation, with low mortality, low incidence of complications, and short operation time.
Performance of PSGWC-Bars and Other Rebars Reinforced Columns
Authors: Bajad Mohankumar N
Published: May 2022

In comparison to earlier concrete structures, recent decades' structures have experienced early deterioration. The majority of the time, this is due to the severe corrosion found in today's ribbed rebars. The adoption of PSGWC-bars, which have a plain surface and a gentle wave-type configuration, can extend the life of concrete structures by several times by reducing the rate of rebar corrosion. Beams strengthened with PSGWC-bars performed significantly better in tests conducted at several colleges. To establish its viability as a replacement for traditional rebars in columns, the load carrying capacity of PSGWC bars and other rebars must be tested. In this paper an attempt has been made to improve load carrying capacity of column with rebars. The impact of plain bars, epoxy coated plain bars, galvanised plain bars, PSGWC-bars of five different types, ribbed bars, epoxy coated ribbed bars, and ribbed bars with galvanising on the performance of sustainable columns was examined in this paper. It has been discovered that the use of PSGWC-bars increases load-carrying capacities in concrete columns as well.
Prokaryotic expression and in vitro activity of Ancylostoma ceylanicum calreticulin
Authors: Zhuang Tingting , Abuzeid Asmaa , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhu Shilan , Li Guoqing
Published: May 2022

Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestine of humans and animals (dogs and cats), causing malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia of the host. Studies have shown that the parasite can regulate or block the host's immune response by secreting calreticulin. However, no data are available on A. ceylanicum calreticulin. To study the biological function of A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT), we amplified the cDNA encoding Ace-CRT and constructed the prokaryotic expression vector pET28-Ace-CRT to express the target protein. The antigenicity of Ace-CRT was investigated by western blotting with canine serum. Mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with the recombinant protein in vitro to explore its proliferation activity and effect on the transcription level of cytokines. The recombinant protein was co-incubated with sensitized sheep erythrocytes to analyze the inhibitory effect on the complement-mediated hemolysis. Results showed that the rAce-CRT was abundantly expressed in Escherichia coli, with good antigenicity. The recombinant protein stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that rAce-CRT mainly promoted the expression of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. In vitro, rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocytes hemolysis. These findings indicate that Ace-CRT has an immunomodulatory role and might be a promising candidate molecule for the hookworm vaccine.
Clinical Validation of Pre-amplification qPCR with DNA Free Extraction for the Rapid Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus
Authors: Ma Chao , Tian Zhuo , Yang Lili , Cao Jijuan
Published: May 2022

WSSV has posed a serious threat to China and the global shrimp aquaculture industry. In order to diagnose WSSV early and prevent the spread and outbreak of WSSV, it is necessary to establish a highly sensitive WSSV diagnosis method suitable for shrimp farming sites. In this study, a pre-amplification qPCR assay with DNA free extraction was established, which was further compared with the universal qPCR assay to verify the clinical samples. The results show that the limits of detection (LOD) of pre-amplification qPCR were 1 copy / µl, and the LOD of universal qPCR were 10 copies / µl, respectively. It had good WSSV specificity and did not react with the other six viruses, including Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Hepatopancreatic Parvovirus (HPV), Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), Acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND), Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1). A total of 36 clinical samples of WSSV-infected shrimp were diagnosed by pre-amplification qPCR with DNA free extraction and universal qPCR with DNA extraction. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 97.22% (85.5% ~ 99.9%, 95% CI) and 100% (81.5% ~ 100%, 95% CI), respectively. The agreement Kappa value was 0.959 (0.879 ~ 1, 95% CI), and the analysis results were basically consistent. Eliminating the tedious steps of extracting DNA and using pre-amplified qPCR to detect WSSV in shrimp, it is a good choice for aquaculture farms.
Investigation of tool flank wear effect on system stability prediction in milling of Ti-6AI-4V thin-walled workpiece
Authors: Ma Junjin , Li Yunfei , Zhang Dinghua , Zhao Bo , Yan Xinhong , Pang Xiaoyan
Published: May 2022

Excessive tool wear can shorten tool life and cause low machining surface quality and efficiency in milling of Ti-6AI-4V thin-walled workpieces. To overcome the effect of time-varying tool flank wear on system stability prediction ignored by conventional method, a system stability prediction model considering tool flank wear effect in milling of Ti-6AI-4V thin-walled workpiece is proposed. In this work, the tool flank wear region is discretized into differential elements, then, the friction effect and process damping effect caused by extruding function between tool and workpiece are analyzed, and a time-varying milling force model is established. In this process, the relationship of cutting tool flank wear band width VB and section radius difference NB is determined, and the indentation volume between tool and workpiece is iteratively calculated, which is used to investigate process damping. After, time-varying milling force coefficients are derived considering different tool flank wear status. Then, in modal space, the evolutionary process of stability lobe diagrams considering tool flank wear effect is determined. Subsequently, to effectively predict system stability, tool flank wear curves and dynamic cutting force coefficients are calibrated by slot milling, and cutting force prediction values considering tool flank wear effect and experimental values in feed direction and normal direction are 7.3% and 12.1%, respectively. Finally, a series of machining tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness of tool flank wear on machining stability in milling of Ti-6AI-4V thin-walled workpieces to some extent, and the experimental results show that the system stability prediction accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 23.8% compared with that using conventional method.
A Prediction Model for Worsening Diabetic Retinopathy after Panretinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Li Jinglan , Li Xuanlong , Lei Mingxing , Li Wanyue , Chen Wenqian , Ma Tianju , Gao Yi , Ye Zi , Li Zhaohui
Published: May 2022

Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) as one of the severe complications of diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of blindness in the working age worldwide. While DR still has a high risk of progression after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) treatment. Hence, this study aims to assess the risk factors and established a model for predicting worsening diabetic retinopathy (DR-worsening) within 5 years after PRP.
Methods
Patients who were diagnosed with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or proliferative diabetic retinopathy and treated with PRP were included and randomly assigned to either a training or validation cohort. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen potential risk factors in the training cohort. Then the model was developed and validated using discrimination and calibration.
Results
A total of 271 patients were included, and 56.46% of patients had an outcome of DR-worsening. In the training cohort (n = 135), age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.96), baseline best corrected visual acuity (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.87), diabetic nephropathy (OR = 16.83, 95% CI 1.92–147.50) and hyperlipidemia (OR = 5.53, 95% CI 1.25–24.57) were screened out as the independent risk factors, which were incorporated into the predictive model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the calibration slope in the training and validation cohort were 0.78, 0.99 (95% CI 0.62–1.35), and 0.79, 1.01 (95% CI 0.54–1.49), respectively. Then, two risk groups were developed, and the actual probability in the low-risk and high-risk groups were 37.42% and 85.19%, respectively.
Conclusions
We developed a model to predict the risk of DR-worsening after PRP treatment within 5 years, which can be used as a rapid risk assessment system and remind us to pay attention to the associated risk factors.
Regulating SQSTM1/P62 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling of EMT to constrain TNBC invasiveness.
Authors: Shome Rajib , Sen Plaboni , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The prevalence of cells with mesenchymal features is one of the well-known characteristics of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs); where cells have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and are found to be poorly differentiated, giving rise to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/PCP signaling pathways are prominent contributor of EMT, stemness and CSC properties of TNBC. SQSTM1/P62 cooperates with the components of the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway and is critically involved at the interface of autophagy and EMT. Understanding these regulatory links proves to be an instrumental approach to prohibit progression of TNBC.
Methods:
siRNA targeting SQSTM1/P62 and inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin (FH535) in conjunction was used to explore molecular modification of EMT and stemness markers. Flow cytometric assays reveled CSC and apoptotic population whereas migration and invasion assay assetred alteration of the metastatic property. Genes and proteins involved were studied at molecular level employing confocal microscopy, western blotting and qRT-PCR.
Results:
Although SQSTM1/P62 is not crucial for cell survival, cytotoxicity assay revealed synergistic interaction between the siRNA/inhibitor. Modulation of these important pathways helped in reduction of expression of genes and proteins contributing to CSC properties. Co-treatment reduced the colony formation and self-renewal properties. Furthermore, invasion assay revealed 5.22-fold downregulations of the metastatic property. Gene and protein expression analysis revealed the induction of EMT to MET. Moreover, co-treatment resulted in inactivation of non-canonical Wnt VANGL2-JNK signaling axis and depletion of p-AKT and p-STAT-3.
Conclusions:
The synergistic impact of inhibition of SQSTM1/P62 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling facilitates the development of a potential theraputic regimen for TNBC.
Prediction of the structural interface between fibroblast growth factor23 and Burosumab using alanine scanning and molecular docking
Authors: Kanhasut Karnpob , Tharakaraman Kannan , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Satayavivad Jutamaad , Fuangthong Mayuree , Sasisekharan Ram
Published: May 2022

Burosumab, an FGF23 targeting monoclonal antibody, was approved by the FDA in 2018 for use in children and adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (or XLH). While several clinical studies have demonstrated the long-term safety and efficacy of Burosumab, the molecular basis of FGF23-Burosumab interaction which underpins its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we first employed molecular docking combined with alanine scanning of epitope and paratope to predict a model of FGF23-Burosumab interaction. Then, we used the model to understand the species-species cross-reactivity of Burosumab and to reverse engineer mouse FGF23 with 'back to human' mutations to bind Burosumab. Finally, we redesigned the CDRs with two mutations to engineer an affinity enhanced variant of the antibody. Our study provides insights into the FGF23-Burosumab interaction and demonstrates that alanine-scanning coupled with molecular docking can be used to optimize antibody candidates (e.g., structure-guided affinity maturation) for therapeutic use.
Nano pyrite root treatment in conjunction with soil application of goat droppings boost onion yield and anthocyanin and flavonoids content: A nano-organic farming model towards sustainability
Authors: Jangir Himanshi , Kaler Brijesh , Srivast Gaurav , Das Mainak
Published: May 2022

Agrochemical-intensive farming uses synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, and weedicides. It holds the most prominent place in modern agriculture This reliance on synthetic agrochemicals has resulted in the declining health of the environment and living species. To restore the ecological balance, we need to explore strategies to minimize agrochemicals’ use without compromising agricultural production. Nano-formulations help lower dosages of agrochemicals, leading to the emergence of nano-agriculture. Yet the critical challenge is how we could exploit the power of nanomaterials to selectively improve the metabolic performance of crop plants. Here we have achieved the same by root treatment of the onion crop and then growing them in the presence of organic goat manure. In two field trials in consecutive years, we report an increase in yield through root treatment with nano-pyrite (FeS2) plus soil application of goat dropping (Test) as compared to the use of goat dropping alone (Control). The total bio-mass (bulb + leaf) weight of the test sample was 4.75 kg (n = 86), while control samples weighed 3.5 kg (n = 86). The total bulb weight for the control and test was 2.6 kg and 3.6 kg, respectively. We observed a yield-boosting effect of root treatment with nano-pyrite in onion crops. There is a significant increase in the anthocyanin content in test bulbs and flavonol content in test leaves. We have integrated two types of farming systems: organic farming and nano-agriculture, resulting in a hybrid form; nano-organic farming to bolster the metabolic fitness of the onion (Allium cepa) to achieve sustainable food production.
Understanding Variation in Oleic Acid Content of High-Oleic Virginia-type Peanut
Authors: Andres Ryan , Dunne Jeffrey Colin
Published: May 2022

The high oleic trait in peanut is conditioned by loss-of-function mutations in a pair of homeologous enzymes and is well known to improve the shelf life of peanut products. As such, the trait is given high priority in current and future cultivars by the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program. For unknown reasons, high oleic cultivars and breeding lines intermittently failed to meet self-imposed thresholds for oleic acid content in internal testing. To determine why, a manual seed chipper, crude DNA isolation protocol, genotyping assays for both mutations, and a web-based SNP calling application were developed. The primary cause was determined to be contamination with normal oleic seeds resulting from inadequate screening protocols. In order to correct the problem, a faster screening method was acquired to accommodate a higher oleic acid threshold. Additionally, results showed the mutation in one homeolog is fixed in the program, dig date has no significant effect on oleic acid content, and minor modifiers segregating within the program explain 6% of the variation in oleic acid content.
Susceptibility of the Anopheles coustani complex to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegaye Arega , Demissew Assalif , Hawaria Dawit , Getachew Hallelujah , Habtamu Kassahun , Asale Abebe , Yan Guiyun , Yewhalaw Delenasaw
Published: May 2022

Background
Insecticide-based vector control interventions along with case management with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) reduced malaria incidence and prevalence worldwide. The current control methods focus on the primary malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l., however, the role of secondary and suspected vectors has been either sidelined or limited. Determining the susceptibility of secondary and suspected vector species to different parasites in time and space is important in malaria control and elimination programs. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiea s. l., An. coustani complex and An. pharoensis to Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum infection in Ethiopia.
Methods
Larvae of Anopheles were collected from different breeding sites and reared to adult under controlled conditions. The adult female mosquitoes were identified to species as An. gambiea s.l, An. coustani complex and An. pharoensis. The three species were allowed to feed in parallel on the same infected blood with gametocytes drawn from P.vivax and P. falciparum gametocemic patients by Indirect Membrane Feeding Assays (IDMFA). Fed mosquitoes were kept under controlled laboratory conditions. After seven days, all survived mosquitoes were dissected to detect mid-gut oocyst using microscopy and enumeration. Data were analyzed using R statistical software package version 4.2.0.
Results
Out of a total 5,915 female Anopheles mosquitoes exposed to gametocyte infected blood, 2,106 (35.60%) mosquitoes fed successfully in the 32 independent infection experiments. There was a significant variation in feeding rates among An. gambiae s l, An. pharoensis and An. coustani complex (G = 48.43, p < 0.0001). All the three exposed Anopheles species were susceptible to P. vivax and P. falciparum infection. The proportion of infected mosquitoes following engorgement on an infected blood meal was significantly different among species (G = 6.49, p < 0.05). The median intensity of infection for An. coustani complex, An. gambiae s.l. and An. pharoensis was 1.16, 2.00 and 1.25, respectively. Even though, the proportion of infected mosquitoes significantly differed in intensity of infection, infection rate and mean oocysts among the species, gametocyte density was highly correlated to infection rate and mean oocyst of infection all tests (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Anopheles coustani complex were susceptible to both P. vivax and P. falciparum infection. An effective malaria elimination program might include tools that target outdoor vector surveillance and control, which reduce focal malaria transmission.