bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Penghidupan Petani Karet Pada Musim Hujan di Nagari Tanjung Nonai Aur Selatan Kecamatan Simpur Kudus Kabupaten Sijunjung
Authors: Sari Yelfi Novita , Astuti Nuraini Budi , Analia Devi
Published: September 2023

Strategi penghidupan merupakan susunan yang berisi langkah-langkah untuk melakukan sesuatu yang dilakukan dengan bijaksana dan tepat untuk mencapai tujuan. untuk dapat melangsungkan kehidupannya, petani karet tidak dapat hanya mengandalkan perkebunan karet, mereka harus mencari alternatif lain di luar bertani karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karekteristik rumah tangga petani karet di Nagari Tanjung Bonai Aur selatan dan menganalisis strategi penghidupan petani karet di Nagari Tanjung Bonai Aur Selatan pada musim hujan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dimana responden dalam penelitian ini adalah petani karet yang berada di Nagari Tanjung Bonai Aur Selatan yaitu sebanyak 40 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Karakteristik rumah tangga petani karet di Nagari Tanjung Bonai Aur Selatan berada dalam kategori sedang dengan nilai 53,55%. Aset penghidupan tertinggi adalah sumber daya fisik yaitu dengan persentase 59,4% dengan kriteria sedang dan terendah adalah Sumber daya alam dengan nilai 43,05% dengan kriteria tidak baik. Sumber daya keuangan 54,83% dengan kriteria sedang, nilai sumber daya sosial 57,75 dengan kriteria sedang dan nilai sumber daya manusia 55,5% dengan kriteria sedang. Strategi penghidupan di musim hujan paling banyak dilakukanpetani karet adalah peningkatan hasil dengan intensifikasi lahan pertanian dengan cara pembersihan lahan usahatani karet yaitu sebanyak 77,5%. Strategi ekstensifikiasi dilakukan dengan menjadi buruh sebanyak 32,5% dan strategi diversifikasi dengan menjadi pengumpul pasir dan menangkap ikan sebanyak 20%. Sedangkan pilihan strategi migrasi tidak menjadi pilihan petani karet Di Nagari Tanjung Bonai Aur Selatan Pada musim hujan.
Analisis Efektivitas Kelompok Pada Kelompok Tani Reformasi 17 di Nagari Sumani, Kecamatan Koto Singkarak, Kabupaten Solok di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Laisma Marlia , Mutiara Vonny Indah , Budiman Cipta
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan yang dilakukan Kelompok Wanita Tani Reformasi 17 dan menganalisis efektivitas kelompok dalam mencapai tujuan kelompok yang dilihat dari aspek pendapatan anggota, pengetahuan dan keterampilan anggota serta kemampuan manajemen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus dan perhitungan efektivitas menggunakan skala likert. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung dengan semua anggotaKelompok Tani Reformasi 17 serta literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kelompok Tani Reformasi 17 efektif dalam mencapai tujuan kelompok pada bulan Januari-Desember 2020 dengan skor 1.930 (Rentang skor efektif : 1.651- 2.250). Disarankan kepada Kelompok Tani Reformasi 17 agar lebih aktif lagi dalam melakukan penanaman agar produk yang dihasilkan lebih beragam dan juga bisa membuat produk olahan dari hasil panentersebut sehingga memiliki nilai yang lebih.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Bawang putih di Indonesia
Authors: Meylani Laisa Hafizhul , Hasnah Hasnah , Khairati Rusda
Published: September 2023

Produksi bawang putih di Indonesia selalu diupayakan meningkat, akan tetapi pada kenyataanya impor bawang putih tetap dilakukan dan masih tergolong tinggi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi di dalam negeri. Produksi bawang putih domestik masih belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi bawang putih di Indonesia. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan program swasembada yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah belum berhasil tercapai. Tujuan penelitian ini,yaitu: (1) mendeskripsikan ekonomi bawang putih di Indonesia, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi bawang putih di Indonesia, dan (3) memproyeksikan produksi bawang putih di Indonesia tahun 2021 – 2025. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dan model peramalan double exponential smoothing dari Brown. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada periode tahun 2000 – 2020, perkembangan produksi bawang putih di Indonesia mengalami fluktuasi dan cenderung memiliki tren meningkat denganrata-rata peningkatan sebesar 6,97% / tahun. Konsumsi bawang putih di Indonesia dipenuhi oleh bawang putih impor sebesar 93,4% dan sisanya 6,6% dipenuhi oleh bawang putih domestik. Bawang putih domestik kurang diminati oleh masyarakat di Indonesia karena harganya lebih mahal dan berukuran lebih kecil dibandingkan bawang putih impor. Variabel/faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi bawang putih di Indonesia adalah luas lahan bawangputih. Selain itu, hasil peramalan menunjukkan bahwa produksi bawang putih di Indonesia tahun 2021 – 2025 cenderung meningkat.
Motivation strategies in processes of learning/teaching languages. Reflections about secondary school students [El papel de la motivación en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de lenguas: reflexiones en torno a la Educación Secundaria]

Authors: Llamas Martínez Isabel , Quiles Cabrera María del Carmen
Published: September 2023

Abstract: The teaching-learning processes of a second or foreign language involve determining a methodology that fits the profile of the students, focused on promoting their communicative competence to get on effectively in society. However, very often, it is not enough to be aware of the need for the implementation of appropriate pedagogical approaches, but it is also necessary to take into account three aspects that, in our opinion, are essential: affection, motivation and empathy; three issues that are related to the know-how and know-how-to-be of teachers. We are aware that there are no good or bad attitudes or strategies in absolute terms, but they depend on the moment, the specific situation and the nature of the interlocutors. Understanding this idea is the previous step towards reflective teaching, which, from our methodological perspective, means a significant improvement in teaching in the 21st century. In our article we propose the need to rethink approaches to language education, focusing on the importance of the student's motivation. Thus, we will highlight the advantages of methodologies such as SMART, task-based learning or gamification for Secondary Education and will suggest as a proposal the introduction of service learning as a two-way bridge for learning.
Resumen: Los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de una lengua segunda o extranjera implican determinar una metodología que se ajuste al perfil del alumnado, enfocada a promover su competencia comunicativa para desenvolverse en sociedad de manera eficaz. Sin embargo, en demasiadas ocasiones, no sólo basta con ser conscientes de la necesidad de implementación de enfoques pedagógicos adecuados, sino que también es necesario tomar en consideración tres aspectos que, a nuestro juicio, resultan primordiales: afecto, motivación y empatía; tres cuestiones que están relacionadas con el saber hacer y el saber ser del profesorado. Somos conscientes de que no existen actitudes o estrategias buenas o malas en términos absolutos, sino que o dependen del momento, de la situación en concreto y de la naturaleza de los interlocutores. Conseguir entender esta casuística supone el paso previo hacia una docencia reflexiva, lo cual, desde nuestra perspectiva metodológica, equivale a una mejora significativa de la docencia en el siglo XXI. En nuestro artículo planteamos la necesidad de repensar los enfoques para la educación lingüística, buscando situar en el centro la motivación del estudiantado. Así, resaltaremos las ventajas de metodologías como el SMART, el enfoque por tareas o la gamificación para la Educación Secundaria y plantearemos como propuesta la introducción del aprendizaje servicio como puente bidireccional de aprendizaje.
Depressão: respondendo as principais dúvidas
Authors: Silva Antônio Geraldo da , Martins Cláudio Meneghello
Published: September 2023

Doença que atinge cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, a depressão será até 2020 a principal causa de afastamento do trabalho. A busca por tratamento para os transtornos psiquiátricos como a depressão encontra obstáculo no preconceito, o que é uma realidade para assuntos relacionados a saúde mental. O programa ABPTV de hoje, 13 de agosto, dia em que comemoramos o Dia do Psiquiatra, apresenta um especial sobre o tema Depressão. Para responder às perguntas dos internautas, participarão os doutores Antônio Geraldo da Silva e Cláudio Martins, a partir de agora.
Especial CBP - Alzheimer: o que temos de novo sobre a doença?
Authors: Guimarães Fernanda Burle dos Santos , Toledo Maria Alice de Vilhena , Lourenço Rafael Brandes
Published: September 2023

A doença de Alzheimer foi descrita pela primeira vez no início do século XX pelo neurologista alemão Alois Alzheimer e é caracterizada pela deterioração das funções cerebrais, principalmente pela perda de memória, dificuldade de comunicação e falta da habilidade de cuidar de si próprio. Mais de cem anos depois, a doença é uma das demências mais comuns do mundo e atinge cerca de 2 milhões de idosos só no Brasil. Embora suas causas ainda não sejam totalmente conhecidas, o tratamento pode mitigar os sintomas da doença de Alzheimer e fornecer ao paciente mais dignidade. No programa de hoje, vamos abordar o tema "Alzheimer: o que temos de novo sobre a doença?".
Especial CBP: Neurociências, bem-estar e espiritualidade transversal
Authors: Pacheco Marco Antônio , Azevedo Juliana Tainski de
Published: September 2023

A espiritualidade é um tema que cada vez mais faz parte do dia a dia dos consultórios e das pesquisas psiquiátricas, já que desempenha um papel importante na vida de muitas pessoas, inclusive de padecentes de transtornos mentais. Dando continuidade à série especial CBP, o ABP TV da próxima terça-feira vai debater o assunto "Neurociências, bem-estar e espiritualidade transversal''.
Challenges of returning to the law of compulsory military service in Iraq: (acceptance or rejection)
Authors: Hadi Dr. Salah Mahdi
Published: September 2023

Developments in the Iraqi internal arena, as well as the regional environment and its potential repercussions on Iraq, impose the necessity of adopting an effective strategy, and taking precautionary measures, to ensure the preservation of Iraq’s security and the preservation of its independence and national sovereignty (land, sea, and air).  Based on national responsibility and sensing the seriousness of the threats and challenges that are present and expected in the foreseeable future, the Iraqi strategic decision-maker must enact a legislative law to make service in the armed forces compulsory, a step that is seen as a cornerstone in training young people to serve the flag and the nation and strengthen the national spirit and unity in the country.  Defending him in times of emergency and crisis.

    However, the Iraqi decision-maker faces several challenges to enact such a law, for reasons (political, security, military, logistical, economic, and finally societal).
Seroprevalence of HGV among blood donors with HCV and / or HBV in Tikrit City
Authors: Hashim Saadoon Israa
Published: September 2023

Viral hepatitis is a global health problem. In our country, any blood donor is investigated laboratory for hepatitis viruses before blood donation to other person, but the investigations usually include only HBV and HCV. So, this study is considered the first one concerning HGV in Tikrit City. This study was conducted to detect HGV among blood donors as a blood borne pathogen in addition to evaluate the frequency of HBV and HCV among blood donors in Tikrit City. The laboratory diagnosis of blood samples revealed that HBsAg was found in 1.74% of blood donors, anti-HCV antibodies in 0.73% and both HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies in 0.1% of blood donors. The current work revealed that anti-HGV antibodies were found in 27.2% of blood donors with anti-HCV antibodies and 3.84% of those with HBsAg. No one of blood donors with both HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies had anti-HGV antibodies. The presence of anti-HGV antibodies among blood donors indicates that these blood donors were previously exposed to HGV, so; it is necessary to enroll HGV for screening program of all blood donors.
Synthesis of some new heterocyclic compounds by High- Speed,Microwaveirradiation and pharmacological evaluation
Authors: Idrees Ibrahim Hala
Published: September 2023

A series of substituted chalcones (1-4) were synthesized and used to prepare some new membered heterocyclic compounds (Pyrimidinones)(5-12) by their condensation with urea and thiourea, and four membered heterocyclic compounds (Pyrazolines) (13-16) by their condensation with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine also, four membered heterocyclic compounds (isoxazolines) (17-20) by their condensation with aminohydroxide hydrochloride. All reactions were carried out under microwave irradiation (MW1) is described. The synthesized compounds are characterized by FTIR and C.H.N analysis. We also study the biological activity for prepared compounds against four types of bacteria & one type of the fungi .
Occurrence and distribution of enlA gene in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis according to isolates sources
Authors: Mahmood Ra'oof Wa'ad , Hussein Ali Aisha
Published: September 2023

Enterolysin A, is a cell wall-degrading bacteriocin (metalloendopeptidase) secreted by some E faecalis strains which can kill a wide range of bacteria and on of virulence factors of this bacterium.The prevalence of enlA gene in E. faecalis isolated from clinical sources in our country is not studied. So the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of enlA gene in E. faecalis isolated from different types of infections and the distribution of this gene among these isolates according to infection site. The present study was conducted on Forty two clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis isolated in a previous study from patients attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city, Iraq, with GIT , UTI ,vaginal, wound and burn infections which were re-identified according to microscopic, macroscopic and biochemical tests.Enterolysin A structural gene was determined in E. faecalis isolates by specific primer (EN1EF1:TTC TTC TTA TTC TGT CAA CGC AGC , ENIER1:GAC TGT GAA ATA CCT ATT TGC AAGC) using PCR technique.The results of PCR for enlA gene (the gene responsible for cell wall hydrolyzing activity) showed that (16.6%) of E. faecalis isolates possess this gene ,since gel electrophoresis results showed DNA bands with molecular size 960bp in comparison with DNA marker. According to the distribution of enlA gene of E.faecalis isolates in respect to isolates sources, the results showed that this gene was detected in 1(14.3%) of vaginal isolates, 1(10%) of urine isolates, 5(35.7%) of stool isolates, and no of wound and burn isolates were harbor this gene. No literatures concerning the distribution of enlA gene according to sources of infections were available for comparison. So from our results we can concluded that the distribution of this gene is low in clinical isolates of E. faecalis, while it is important in stool isolates for competition of this bacterium with intestinal normal flora and colonization.
REKAYASA PENGENDALIAN TEMPERATUR DAN KELEMBABAN PADA BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM BERBASIS ARDUINO DAN MONITORING LABVIEW
Authors: Firdaus Hendra , Rustensi Endang
Published: September 2023

Pada proses budidaya jamur tiram, terdapat beberapa elemen penting yang harus dikendalikan, diantaranya adalah temperatur dan kelembaban. Pada penelitian tugas akhir ini, bertujuan untuk menjaga kestabilan temperatur dan kelembaban udara sesuai dengan pertumbuhan jamur tiram yang diharapkan bisa memaksimalkan pertumbuhan jamur tiram. Temperatur dan kelembaban didalam kumbung jamur tiram akan dibaca oleh sensor DHT11 dan LM35. Hasil pembacaan kemudian ditampilkan dalam software LabVIEW. Monitoring temperatur ini akan berjalan real time sehingga setiap perubahan temperatur atau kelambaban udara yang terjadi dalam ruangan akan terdeteksi. Set point yang ditentukan pada penelitian ini untuk kelembaban udara diatas 80% sedangkan untuk temperatur maksimal 27oC. Ketika kelembaban udara kurang dari set point maka secara otomatis alat akan memberikan perintah ke relay untuk mengaktifkan pompa. Pompa kemudian akan melakukan penyiraman sampai kelembaban melebihi set point. Begitupula dengan penjagaan temperatur dalam kumbung, apabila temperatur udara melebihi set point maka secara otomatis alat akan memberikan perintah ke relay untuk mengaktifkan kipas. Kipas kemudian akan berputar hingga temperatur dalam kumbung dibawah set point. Dengan dilakukanya penyiraman setiap terjadi lonjakan temperatur diharapkan temperatur dalam ruang akan terjaga tetap stabil. Alat ini memiliki tingkat kesalahan (error) rata-rata pada pembacaan kelembaban sebesar 0,58% dan temperatur sebesar 0,29OC, serta nilai efektivitas terhadap hasil produksi sebesar 28,15%. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian terlihat alat dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi budidaya jamur tiram
Penalaran Matematis Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Trigonometri
Authors: Sari Feti Eka Ratna , Sa'dijah Cholis , Chandra Tjang Daniel
Published: September 2023

Important for students to have reasoning abilities in learning mathematics. This is due to the relationship between mathematics and reasoning. The purpose of this study is to analyze students' mathematical reasoning abilities in solving trigonometry problems. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. As many as 36 students in class D semester 1 of mathematics education at State University of Malang were the subjects of this study. Methods of data collection obtained from the implementation of trigonometry problem tests and interviews. Data analysis with three stages namely reduction techniques, presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study resulted in the conclusions (1) students with high abilities met all indicators, namely making conjectures, performing mathematical manipulations, compiling evidence, and drawing conclusions, (2) students with moderate abilities fulfilled two indicators, namely making conjectures and compiling evidence, while (3) students who were low ability to fulfill one indicator, namely submitting conjectures.
Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii Berdasarkan Perbedaan Kedalaman dengan Metode Keramba Jaring Apung di Perairan Pulau Lemukutan
Authors: Maulana Fiqih Wahyudi , Minsas Sukal , Safitri Ikha
Published: September 2023

Pulau Lemukutan yang terletak di Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat berpotensi menjadi sentra budidaya rumput laut. Perairan Pulau Lemukutan memiliki keanekaragaman jenis rumput laut dengan tingkat penyebaran luas. Salah satu jenis yang dibudidayakan oleh masayarakat lokal adalah Eucheuma cottonii. Masyarakat melakukan budidaya dengan menggunakan metode Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA). Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan rumput laut yang dibudidayakan adalah kedalaman. Kedalaman berkaitan dengan penetrasi sinar matahari yang dibutuhkan untuk proses fotosintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis laju pertumbuhan rumput laut E. cottonii berdasarkan perbedaan kedalaman dengan metode KJA dan mengetahui parameter fisika dan kimia perairan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rumput laut. Rumput laut ditanam pada kedalaman 30 cm, 60 cm, dan 90 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan harian tertinggi pada kedalaman 30 cm dengan pertambahan berat rumput laut sebesar 4,21 g/hari. Suhu, salinitas, pH, fosfat, kedalaman, dan kecerahan berkorelasi kuat terhadap penanaman rumput laut pada kedalaman 30 cm.
A bal kamrai miokardiális nátrium-glükóz-kotranszporter-1-expresszió vizsgálata végstádiumú szívelégtelenségben
Authors: Sayour Alex Ali , Oláh Attila , Ruppert Mihály , Barta Bálint András , Horváth Eszter Mária , Benke Kálmán , Pólos Miklós , Hartyánszky István , Merkely Béla , Radovits Tamás
Published: September 2023

Bevezetés: Nagy tanulmányok szerint a nátrium-glükóz-kotranszporter-2 (SGLT2)-inhibitorok javítják a kardiovaszkuláris kimenetelt a cukorbetegség fennálltától függetlenül. Annak ellenére, hogy ezen gyógyszerek aspecifikusan gátolják az SGLT1-fehérjét, kevés szakirodalmi adat van a miokardiális SGLT1-expresszióval kapcsolatban különféle szívelégtelen (SZE) betegcsoportokban. Célul tűztük ki a bal kamrai (BK) miokardiális SGLT1-expresszió vizsgálatát a két fő glükóztranszporter (GLUT1 és GLUT4) mellett. Módszerek: Kontroll (n=9) BK-i szívizommintákat gyűjtöttünk megtartott BK-i szisztolés funkciójú, mitrális regurgitáció miatt sebészi mitrális billentyűcserén áteső betegekből. Összesen 71 végstádiumú, szívtranszplantáción áteső SZE-beteg BK-i szívizommintáját használtuk fel az alábbi etiológiai alcsoportoknak megfelelően: hipertrófiás cardiomyopathia (HCM, n=7), idiopátiás dilatatív cardiomyopathia (DCM, n=12), iszkémiás szívbetegség (IHD, n=14), és IHD plusz cukorbetegség (IHD + T2DM, n=12), továbbá kardiális reszinkronizációs terápiában (CRT) részesülő SZE-betegcsoportok (CRT:DCM, n=9; CRT:IHD, n=9; CRT:IHD + T2DM, n=9). Megvizsgáltuk az SGLT1, GLUT1, és GLUT4 mRNS-expressziót polimeráz láncreakció (qRT-PCR) segítségével. Western blot analízissel mértük fel az SGLT1-fehérjeszintjét, továbbá az AMP-aktiválta protein-kináz (AMPKα) és az extracelluláris szignálregulálta kináz 1/2 (ERK1/2) aktivitását. Immunhisztokémiai festést végeztünk az SGLT1 vizualizációjára. Eredmények: A kontrollokhoz képest a BK-i SGLT1 mRNS-expresszió szignifikánsan magasabb volt a DCM, IHD, és IHD-T2DM-csoportokban (minden p<0,05), de nem tért el a HCM-csoportban. A BK-i SGLT1 mRNS és fehérje-expresszió szignifikánsan korrelált a BK-i dilatáció és szisztolés diszfunkció mértékével (minden p<0,01), míg a másik két glükóztranszporter esetében ez nem volt megfigyelhető. Immunhisztokémiai festés alapján az SGLT1-expresszió jelentős részéért a szívizomsejtek felelősek. Összességében a CRT csökkentette az SGLT1-expressziót, legfőképpen a DCM-csoportban. Következtetések: A miokardiális BK-i SGLT1-expresszió upregulációja figyelhető meg SZE-betegekben (HCM kivételével), amely korrelál a BK-i dilatációval és szisztolés diszfunkcióval, míg a CRT annak szintjét csökkenti. Az SGLT1 BK-i remodellációban betöltött szerepének vizsgálatára további tanulmányok szükségesek.
A New Chapter in the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Cardiac Myosin Inhibitors
Authors: Pálinkás Eszter Dalma , Sepp Róbert , Olivotto Iacopo
Published: September 2023

In the recent years, there has been a significant breakthrough in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New precision molecules have been developed and successfully applied in clinical trials. A new class of orally available allosteric inhibitors reduces heart muscle hypercontractility, the core molecular defect of the disease, by selectively inhibiting cardiac beta-myosin. Based on the results obtained with the first two agents developed to date, mavacamten and aficamten, their use is safe and is associated with rapid and unprecedented improvement in quality of life and functional capacity in patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, comparable to an optimal surgical result. This review provides an overview of the latest and most important studies that led to the approval of mavacamten by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the clinical development of aficamten.
Az SGLT2-gátlók lehetséges hatásai a kardiovaszkuláris megbetegedésekben
Authors: Kosztin Annamária
Published: September 2023

A kettes típusú nátrium-glükóz-transzporter (SGLT2) inhibitorok hatásos antidiabetikus terápiának bizonyultak kettes típusú diabetes mellitusban (T2DM) és a javuló glikémiás kontroll mellett testsúly és vérnyomáscsökkentő hatással is rendelkeznek. Az SGLT2-inhibitorok nagy, multicentrikus randomizált vizsgálatokban az ejekcós frakció teljes spektrumán a diabéteszes státusztól függetlenül javították a kardiovaszkuláris és renális kimenetelt. Ezen előnyös hatások hátterében álló mechanizmusok jelenleg is intenzív kutatás tárgyát képezik, mivel minden bizonnyal túlmutatnak a javuló glikémiás kontrollon. A korai natriuresis, a plazmatérfogat csökkenése, a vaszkuláris funkció javulása, a vérnyomás csökkenése és a szöveti nátriumszint változása mind közrejátszhatnak ezen hatások kialakulásában. Az SGLT2-inhibitorok további előnyös mechanizmusai közé tartoznak a zsírszövet által közvetített gyulladás csökkenése, a ketontestek, mint energiaforrás felé történő elmozdulás, az oxidatív stressz és a szérum húgysavszintjének csökkenése, illetve a csökkent glomeruláris hiperfiltráció. További, megtartott ejekciós frakcióval és nem diabéteszes vesebetegekkel végzett vizsgálatok még több információt adhatnak majd az SGLT2-gátlók pontos hatásmechanizmusáról.
A primer prevenciós ICD-indikációk változása az ESC 2022-es kamrai aritmiák kezelése és hirtelen szívhalál megelőzése szakmai irányvonalban
Authors: Makai Attila , Sághy László
Published: September 2023

A primer profilaktikus beültethető kardioverter-defibrillátorok (ICD) olyan betegek számára készült eszközök, akiknél a kamrai tachyarrhythmiák miatt magas a hirtelen szívhalál kockázata, de akiknél korábban nem történt még ilyen esemény. A primer profilaktikus ICD célja a hirtelen szívhalál (SCD) megelőzése az életveszélyes aritmiák felismerésével és kezelésével. Az ICD-k bizonyítottan hatékonyan csökkentik az SCD kockázatát a kamrai tachyarrhythmiák magas kockázatának kitett egyéneknél (pl. korábbi szívinfarktus, szívelégtelenség vagy bizonyos genetikai betegségek esetén). Az ICD-k előnyösnek bizonyultak azoknál a betegeknél is, akiknél a szív strukturális rendellenessége vagy működése miatt magas a hirtelen szívhalál kockázata. A primer profilaktikus ICD-k alkalmazásának előnye, hogy nemcsak jelentősen redukálja a hirtelen szívhalál kockázatát, de javíthatja az életminőséget is azáltal, hogy csökkenti a hirtelen szívhaláltól való félelmet. Az ICD-k költséghatékonynak is bizonyultak a megfelelően kiválasztott populációkban. A primer profilaktikus ICD-knek azonban potenciális hátránya a fertőzés vagy vérzés kockázata, valamint az elektróda sérülésének vagy a kimozdulásának a következményei. Az ICD-k inapproriate terápiát is leadhatnak, ami fájdalmas és veszélyes is lehet a beteg számára. Így az ICD beültetéséről szóló döntést az orvosnak és a betegnek együtt kell meghoznia mérlegelve a kórtörténetet, a kockázati tényezőket, a beültetés potenciális előnyeit és a készülékkel való együttélésből adódó esetleges hátrányokat.
Szívtranszplantációt követő kilökődés noninvazív diagnosztikája : A donoreredetű sejtmentes DNS mérésének lehetősége a gondozás során
Authors: Teszák Tímea , Bödör Csaba , Hegyi Lajos , Lévay Luca , Nagy Ákos , Fintha Attila , Pólos Miklós , Hartyánszky István , Merkely Béla , Sax Balázs
Published: September 2023

Bevezetés: A szívtranszplantátum kilökődése a modern immunszuppresszív gyógyszeres kezelés mellett is a graftdiszfunkció, hospitalizáció és halálozás egyik fő etiológiai tényezője. A rejekció diagnosztikájában használatos, reguláris surveillance során végzett invazív transzvénás endomiokardiális biopszia (EMB) azonban a hospitalizáció mellett számos potenciális szövődménnyel bír, interpretálását magas interobszerver variabilitás jellemzi. A rejekció megítélésében használatos noninvazív eljárások nagy klinikai jelentőséggel bírnak. A graftkárosodást jellemző donoreredetű sejtmentes DNS (dd-cfDNA) a recipiens szérumából mutatható ki új generációs szekvenálás (NGS) alkalmazásával, szintje már az EMB által igazolt kilökődést megelőzően emelkedést mutat és magas negatív prediktív értékkel bír. Célkitűzés: Munkánk során a dd-cfDNA-assay beállításával és bevezetésével kapcsolatos első magyarországi tapasztalatainkat kívánjuk megosztani. Módszerek: Részben keresztmetszeti, részben longitudinális vizsgálatunkban a Városmajori Szív- és Érgyógyászati Klinikán gondozott, 2021. decembertől dd-cfDNA-vizsgálaton (CareDx AlloSeq) átesett szívtranszplantált betegek eredményeit tekintjük át. A méréseket legalább 14 nappal a szívátültetést követően végeztük, a több szervtranszplantáció kizárási kritériumot jelent. Az eredmény a keringő donoreredetű cfDNA és plazma teljes (recipiens és donoreredetű) cfDNA arányát mutatja: a 0,20% alatti dd-cfDNA-érték negatívnak minősül, a 0,35% vagy afölötti érték súlyos graftkárosodásra utal, a két érték közötti eredmények szürke zónába esnek. Eredmények: A minőségbiztosítási eredmények a Semmelweis Egyetem Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet Molekuláris Diagnosztika Részlegén beállított új generációs szekvenálási mérések megbízhatóságát és reprodukálhatóságát igazolták. A dd-cfDNA-assay-t 27 esetben rutin EMB-vel párhuzamosan végeztük, 2 esetben magas dd-cfDNA-érték miatt végeztünk EMB-t. A kezelést igénylő kilökődéstől mentes betegek dd-cfDNA-értéke alacsony maradt (0,10% [0,03%–0,21%]). A for-cause EMB-k antitest-mediálta kilökődést igazoltak. A negatív dd-cfDNA-értékek alapján a reguláris surveillance EMB-k 92%-a, 60 db EMB elhagyható volt. Következtetés: A perifériás vérmintából végzett dd-cfDNA-vizsgálat mellett biztonságosan csökkenthető az invazív EMB-k száma. A korai graftkárosodás kimutatása által lehetőség nyílik az immunszuppresszív terápia korai és személyre szabott módosítására a súlyosabb fokú kilökődés és irreverzibilis graftkárosodás megelőzése, illetve a gyógyszertoxicitás elkerülése érdekében.
Theoretical and DFT Study of Atypical Pentanuclear [(iPr3P)Ni]5Hn (n = 4, 6, 8) Clusters: What are the Rules?
Authors: Liu Junyang , Sum Kethya , Groizard Thomas , Halet Jean-François , Johnson Samuel
Published: September 2023

The structural, bonding and properties of a series of atypical pentanuclear nickel hydride clusters supported by electron rich iPr3P of the type [(iPr3P)Ni]5Hn (n = 4, 6, 8) (H4, H6, H8) and their anionic models where iPr3P are substituted by H− (H4, H6, H8) were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All clusters were calculated to adopt a similar square pyramidal core geometry. Calculations indicate singlet ground states with low singlet-triplet gaps for H4 and H6, similar to previously reported experimental values. Molecular orbital theory description clusters were investigated using the simplified model complexes [HNi]5Hn5– (n = 4, 6, 8) (H4, H6, H8). The results show that there are three skeletal electron pairs (SEPs) in H4. The addition of two molecules of H2 to form H6 and H8 results in the partial or full occupation of two degenerate MOs (e* set) that give two SEPs and one SEP, respectively. Indeed, the occupation of these low-lying weakly antibonding orbitals govern the multielectron chemistry available for these clusters, and play a role in their unique reactivity.
Enabling High Throughput Kinetic Experimentation by Using Flow as a Differential Kinetic Technique
Authors: Lennon Gavin , Dingwall Paul
Published: September 2023

Kinetic data is most commonly collected through the generation of time-series data under either batch or flow conditions. Existing methods to generate kinetic data in flow collect integral data (concentration over time) only. Here, we report a method for the rapid and direct collection of differential kinetic data (direct measurement of rate) in flow by performing a series of instantaneous rate measurements on sequential small-scale reactions. This technique decouples the time required to generate a full kinetic profile from the time required for a reaction to reach completion, enabling high throughput kinetic experimentation. In addition, comparison of kinetic profiles constructed at different residence times allows the robustness, or stability, of homogeneously catalysed reactions to be interrogated. This approach makes use of a segmented flow platform which was shown to quantitatively reproduce batch kinetic data. The proline mediated aldol reaction was chosen as a model reaction to perform a high throughput kinetic screen of 216 kinetic profiles in 90 hours, one every 25 minutes, which would have taken an estimated continuous 3500 hours in batch, an almost 40-fold increase in experimental throughput matched by a corresponding reduction in material consumption.
Carbon footprint and mitigation strategies of three chemistry laboratories
Authors: Estevez-Torres Andre , Gauffre Fabienne , Gouget Guillaume , Grazon Chloé , Loubet Philippe
Published: September 2023

As the global imperative for decarbonization gains momentum, the need for action in chemistry laboratories becomes increasingly apparent. This study examines the 2019 carbon footprint of three French chemistry laboratories encompassing energy, purchases, travels, and commutes. The average per capita carbon footprint stands at 5.6 teqCO2/year, positioning chemistry laboratories slightly above the median calculated across all disciplines. Key contributors are purchases (31–42%) and heating (23–33%), driven by fume hoods, heavy equipment and consumables. Attainable mitigations strategies suggest a 40-50% reduction by 2030. Pivotal efforts involve transitioning heating sources to renewables, extending equipment lifespan, collaborative resource management, as well as a limitation in the use of planes and thermic cars. Such changes imply actions at the level of the government, the university and the individual. We suggest fostering a sustainable research environment in chemistry laboratories by rationalizing experimental practices and dedicating time to consider the socio-environmental implications of research.
Mixing time of homogeneous/heterogeneous solutions in a micro-mixer with free impinging jets
Authors: Endo Tomoyuki , Itakura Ryuji
Published: September 2023

We have developed a micro-mixer based on a free impinging liquid-sheet jet technique. We identified a mixing position where two different solutions mixed uniformly and evaluated a corresponding mixing time in the liquid-sheet jets with homogeneous combination (water and water) and heterogeneous combination (ethanol and water). Both combinations could produce the liquid-sheet jet with a length of 3-4 mm, which corresponds to a time-range of longer than 100 μs. By observing a quenching reaction of N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan amide by N-Bromosuccinimide, the mixing times were evaluated to be 36 μs for the homogeneous combination (H2O/H2O), and 46 μs for the heterogeneous combination (C2H5OH/H2O). To clarify the mixing mechanism in the liquid-sheet jet, the theoretical mixing times were calculated by two different models assuming laminar and turbulence flows. Simulations based on molecular diffusion across a well-defined interface for the laminar flow showed a large discrepancy with the experimental results. The calculated mixing times based on energy dissipation in the turbulence flow are in great agreement with the observed mixing times for both H2O/H2O and C2H5OH/H2O combinations. These results indicate that turbulent mixing is a dominant mixing mechanism in the liquid-sheet jet, and that no clear interface is formed between H2O solutions and between C2H5OH and H2O solutions. The liquid-sheet jet technique provides a windowless and ultra-thin target, ideal for applications with X-ray or intense laser pulses, and would be useful to investigate intermediates in mixing-driven chemical reactions such as an oxidation in solution and a folding reaction of proteins proceeding in a microsecond time scale.
The Synthesis of Carboxylate Rich Alicyclic Molecules for the Investigation of the Chemical Space of Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Craig Alexander , Moodie Lindon , Hawkes Jeffrey
Published: September 2023

Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is a vast and complex chemical mixture that plays a key role as a mediator of the global carbon cycle. Fundamental understanding of the source and fate of oceanic organic matter is limited due to poor definition of the key molecular contributors to DOM, which limits accurate sample analysis and prediction of the Earth’s carbon cycle. Previous work has attempted to define the chemical space of DOM through a variety of chromatographic and spectral techniques. However, modern preparative and analytical methods are unable to isolate molecules from DOM, and so previously proposed structures are based solely on the mixture’s aggregate properties, and cannot accurately describe any true individual molecular component. To overcome this limitation, we have synthesized a series of compounds representative of Carboxylate Rich Alicyclic Molecules (CRAM), a molecular class hypothesized to exist as a major contributor to DOM. Key characteristic features of the analytical data of these synthetic CRAMs are consistent with marine DOM, reinforcing the hypothesis that CRAMs are present within aged environmental samples. This new approach ultimately provides access to purified molecules that can be used in previously inaccessible experiments to test the many unproven hypotheses surrounding the ever-enigmatic DOM.
Electrochemically Modulated Separation of Olefin-Paraffin Gas Mixtures in Membrane Electrode Assemblies
Authors: Akashige Toshihiro , Katzenberg Adlai , Frey Daniel , Mukherjee Debdyuti , Urbina-Blanco Cesar , Chen Brian , Okamoto Yoshiyuki , Modestino Miguel
Published: September 2023

Olefin-Paraffin separations are large-volume energy-intensive processes used in preparing purified monomers such as ethylene and propylene. Currently, these separations are performed using distillations which account for 90-95 % of the energy utilization in the chemical and petroleum refining industries. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative olefin-paraffin separation method based on an electrochemically modulated swing absorption system. Nickel maleonitriledithiolate, an electrochemically-active organometallic complex, is dispersed in the ionogel binder of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). When exposed to propylene-propane gas mixtures, propylene is selectively captured during the oxidation of the complex and is then released when the complex is reduced. Our results suggest that transport limitations of olefins to electrochemical active sites play an important role in determining separation efficacy. Experiments conducted under varying oxidative (from 1 to 3 V) and a reductive potential of -2 V demonstrated operational robustness of the MEA over multiple capture-and-release cycles. This proof-of-concept demonstration represents a new non-thermal route for the production of some of the largest organic chemical commodities in industry.
Computational Tools for Handling Molecular Clusters: Configurational Sampling, Storage, Analysis, and Machine Learning
Authors: Kubečka Jakub , Besel Vitus , Neefjes Ivo , Knattrup Yosef , Kurtén Theo , Vehkamäki Hanna , Elm Jonas
Published: September 2023

Computational modeling of atmospheric molecular clusters requires a comprehensive understanding of their complex configurational spaces, interaction patterns, stabilities against fragmentation, and even dynamic behaviors. To address these needs, we introduce the Jammy Key framework, a collection of automated scripts that facilitate and streamline molecular cluster modeling workflows. Jammy Key handles file manipulations between a variety of integrated 3rd party programs. The framework is divided into three main functionalities: (1) Jammy Key for Configurational Sampling (JKCS) to perform systematic configurational sampling of molecular clusters, (2) Jammy Key for Quantum Chemistry (JKQC) to analyze commonly used quantum chemistry output files and facilitate database construction, handling, and analysis, and (3) Jammy Key for Machine Learning (JKML) to manage machine learning methods in optimizing molecular cluster modeling. This automation and machine learning utilization significantly reduces manual labor, greatly speeds up the search for molecular cluster configurations, and thus increases the number of systems that can be studied. Following the example of the Atmospheric Cluster Database (ACDB) of Elm [ACS Omega, 4, 10965–10984, 2019], the molecular clusters modeled in our group using the Jammy Key framework have been stored in an improved online GitHub repository named ACDB 2.0. In this work, we present the Jammy Key package alongside its assorted applications, which underline its versatility. Using several illustrative examples, we discuss how to choose appropriate combinations of methodologies for treating particular cluster types, including reactive, multi-component, charged, or radical clusters, as well as clusters containing flexible or multi-conformer monomers or heavy atoms. Finally, we present a detailed example of using the tools for atmospheric acid–base clusters.
Machine learning photodynamics reveals the role of solvent and pressure on the [2+2]- cycloadditions toward cubanes
Authors: Li Jingbai , Lopez Steven
Published: September 2023

Photochemical [2+2]-cycloaddition of [3]-ladderdienes enables promising access to highly strained molecules, cubanes. Gas phase machine learning (ML) photodynamics showed that non-covalent interactions increase the chemoselectivity towards cubanes and decrease competing electrocyclic ring-opening pathways. However, these simulations omit the solvent and pressure, which could be a controlling factor for the [2+2]-photocycloaddition. We now extend our ML-photodynamics approach with a two-layer ONIOM scheme combining the neural network potential and GFN-xTB to understand effects of the solute-solvent interactions and external pressure on the [2+2]-photocycloadditions of octamethyl (1), octatrifluoromethyl (2), and octacyclopropyl (3) [3]-ladderdienes. We simulate the experiments reported in n-pentane and n-perfluoropentane with 2000 trajectories. The 1ps ML photodynamics featuring explicit solvation indicate an increasing non-radiative S1→S0 transition rate. The S1 half-life decreases from 232 to 111 fs in 1, 477 to 283 fs in 2, and 92 to 74 fs in 3. The trajectories of solvent models 1–3 show little differences in the quantum yields of cubanes (1%, 12%, and 17%) compared to the previously reported gas-phase results (1%, 14%, and 15%). Then, we simulate the high-pressure droplets by applying external forces to the solvents. By reducing 50% of the volumes, the S1 half-life is further shortened to 86 fs, 188 fs, and 68 fs in models 1–3, respectively. Meanwhile, the predicted yields of cubanes increase to 2%, 18%, and 21%. Thus, our findings suggest a promising control to the [2+2]-photocycloaddition of [3]- ladderdienes toward the cubane by harnessing high pressure.
The Western Section of BAM (Baikal-Amur railway): Past, Present and Future: Essays on History, Geography, Culture: to the 50th Anniversary of the Baikal-Amur Mainline
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Zular Yu. A.
Published: September 2023

Книга знакомит читателя с содержанием социально-политического и экономического процессов и культурных трансформаций, произошедших в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке за время, прошедшее с зарождения идеи строительства новой железной дороги до сего дня, т. е. за 150 лет. Авторы, зачастую используя малоизвестные материалы, раскрывают историю строительства и функционирования Байкало-Амурской железнодорожной магистрали, структуру политической власти и местного самоуправления, советской и российской региональной экономики, культуры и ментальности населения региона. В монографии показаны процессы, происходившие в социальной структуре, науке и культуре огромной части нашего государства, а также рассмотрены вопросы национальной безопасности страны, в частности ее историко-геополитические аспекты. Книга в первую очередь адресована преподавателям социально-гуманитарных и географо-экономических дисциплин, и прежде всего истории, в высшей, профессиональной и средней школах Сибири. Может быть полезна студентам и людям, интересующимся явлениями, тенденциями и закономерностями регионального социально-политического и экономического процессов, историей железнодорожного транспорта, и всем увлекающимся историей родного края.
Tourist-Interest Analysis in Visiting Halal Tourism Post Covid-19 in West Java, Indonesia Using SEM
Authors: Ratnasari Dewi , Mahdi Sutiono , Purwani Sri , Herawati Titin , Budiono Ruly , Subartini Betty , Sukono  , Laksito Grida Saktian
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the perceptions of Muslim tourists interested in visiting halal West Java post Covid-19 pandemic has ended.
 
Theoretical framework:  West Java is a region of Indonesia that has the potential to become the cornerstone of Indonesia's halal tourism industry so that it can increase its income. However, the government and the community have yet to find solutions to issues with tourism management, particularly in promoting tourism to a larger community.
 
Design/methodology/approach:  The non-probability sampling technique used in the quantitative research method yields a sample of 260 respondents. The hypothesis is tested for significance utilizing Path and the Partial Least Square (PLS) analyses of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).
 
Findings: The result shows that halal tourism and destination image influence visiting intentions of Muslim tourists in West Java tourist destinations, and halal tourism indirectly influences visiting intentions through destination image as an intervening variable in West Java tourist destinations.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications: This research contributes by examining Muslim tourists' behaviour patterns when visiting destinations in West Java. These findings' academic and managerial implications help design halal tourism marketing strategies in West Java, Indonesia.
 
Originality/value: This study is the first conducted tourism interest on Halal tourism in West Java, Indonesia using SEM.
Analysis of the Countermeasures of Innovative Development of Ideological and Political Teaching in Secondary Vocational Education
Authors: Qiao Kehua
Published: September 2023

Secondary vocational colleges are an essential part of the education system. They have provided a large number of technical talents to the society for many years. With the progress of society, ideological and political education of vocational colleges has gathered many people’s attention. However, according to the findings of current teaching, there is still the problem of solidified teaching, thus timely innovation and improvement are needed. This paper summarizes and analyzes the current situation of ideological and political teaching and the significance of innovation, and puts forward suggestions for innovative development. The transformation of teaching mindset and models can provide a guideline for improving teaching quality in secondary vocational colleges.
تأثير الأحداث الأمنية في نفسية رجل الأمن وأدائه
Authors: Hassan Al-Kurdi Khalid Ibrahim
Published: September 2023

تناول هذا الكتابُ تأثيرات الأحداث الأمنيَّة التي تمر بها المنطقة العربيَّة في نفسيَّة رجل الأمن وأدائه. وبيَّن طبيعة عمل رجل الأمن والأحداث التي تواجهه، وتؤثر في نفسيته بدرجات متفاوتة، اعتمادًا على طبيعة خصائص وسمات شخصيته وصلابته النفسية، وقَدَّمَ إحصاءات عن المشكلات النفسية التي تواجهه في ميدان العمل وخارجه، معتمدًا على عدد من الدراسات في هذا الميدان، إضافة إلى تناول تشعب مهام مؤسسات الشرطة لتحقيق الأمن بمفهومه الشامل، وعلاقة رجل الأمن بالمواطن إيجابًا أو سلبًا وأهمية وجود ثقة بينهما.
وجاء الكتاب في خمسة فصول:
تناول الفصل الأول مدخل الدراسة من خلال: مشكلة الدراسة وأهدافها؛ حيث تمت بلورة مشكلة الدراسة مع تحديد تساؤلاتها وفرضياتها مع الإشارة إلى أهدافها، وأهميتها، وحدودها، ومنهجيتها، وتحديد أهم المفاهيم والمصطلحات الواردة بها، وعرض الدراسات السابقة.
واستعرض الفصل الثاني الأحداث الأمنية التي تمر بها المنطقة العربية، والتأكيد على أن مواجهة هذه الأحداث تتطلب مزيدًا من التعاون الأمني بين الدول العربية وتضافر الجهود خدمة للإستراتيجية الأمنية العربية، كما عرض أيضًا الأحداث الأمنية التي تُعرِّض رجل الأمن إلى مخاطر مهنية، وهو يقوم بأداء دوره، إضافة إلى طبيعة علاقته إيجابًا وسلبًا بالمواطن.
وتناول الفصل الثالث نفسية رجل الأمن من خلال:
- الصلابة النفسية لرجل الأمن.
- الضغوط اللاحقة للصدمات النفسية والانفعالية.
وعرض الفصل الرابع ضغوط العمل وأداء رجل الأمن، من خلال:
- مفهوم ضغوط العمل.
- نظريات ضغوط العمل.
- أساليب مواجهة الضغوط.
- المساندة النفسية والاجتماعية لرجل الأمن.
- الأمن النفسي وأداء رجل الشرطة.
وتضمن الفصل الخامس الخاتمة والنتائج والتوصيات.
ومن أهم التوصيات: إعداد برامج نفسيَّة وسلوكيَّة ومعرفيَّة من قِبَل المختصين؛ لكي تُستخدم في أساليب مواجهة الضغوط المهنيَّة على عمل رجل الأمن.