bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thoracic Vascular Variants and Anomalies: Imaging Findings, Review of the Embryology, and Clinical Features
Authors: Orozco Valentina Munera , Ricardo Uribe , Carlos Hinestroza , Paula Mesa , Katherine Florez
Published: November 2022

Thoracic vascular malformations are a set of complex congenital abnormalities that result in major alterations of the patient's anatomy. It can be discovered incidentally or the anomalies may generate heart failure with a right-to-left shunt, dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, cough, recurrent bronchopulmonary infections, hypoxemia, paradoxical emboli, and occasionally apneas and massive hemothorax.

The knowledge of the embryology, and the normal development of the vascular structures of the thorax, allows to understand these abnormalities—and thus helps in making an accurate diagnosis—with its possible complications, symptoms, and treatments for the patient. The following is a review of the most common thoracic vascular malformations and their imaging findings.
An ultrafast x-ray photoelectric detector using CsPbI2Br perovskite film
Authors: Li Yukun , Chen Tao , Che Xingsen , Du Huabing , Cao Zhurong
Published: November 2022

Metal halide perovskites have attracted worldwide attention in the field of x-ray detection due to their effective light absorption, excellent optoelectronic yield, high charge carrier mobility, and facile solution-processed preparation. Most of the current metal halide perovskite x-ray detectors rely on photoconductive or photovoltaic effects. In this work, we use CsPbI2Br perovskite films to demonstrate an ultrafast x-ray detector based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect allows the detector to exhibit a temporal resolution of 170 ps and an ultra-low dark current (10−5–10−3 pA), and the temporal response is the fastest among the reported perovskite x-ray detectors. The detector also exhibits a detectivity of 1.28 × 1010 Jones and a noise equivalent power of 6.95 × 10−11 W Hz−1/2. This ultrafast x-ray photoelectric detector has been utilized to diagnose x-ray flux in inertial confinement fusion experiments.
Nonreciprocal microwave response at room temperature in multiferroic Y-type hexaferrite BaSrCo2Fe11AlO22
Authors: Hirose Sakyo , Iguchi Yusuke , Nii Yoichi , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Onose Yoshinori
Published: November 2022

We investigated the microwave response in room-temperature multiferroic BaSrCo2Fe11AlO22. Microwave absorption ascribed to magnetic resonances was observed in the frequency range from 6 to 20 GHz. When the ferroelectric polarization is aligned by the electric and magnetic fields, the magnitude depends on the sign of the microwave propagation vector that indicates the nonreciprocal directional dichroism (NDD). The phenomenon can be observed even at room temperature, the sign can be controlled by the external electric and magnetic fields, and the magnitude of NDD attained is approximately 11% at 300 K and 28% at 200 K. Such microwave properties will open the avenue of practical applications for future wireless communications.
Elemental excitations in MoI3 one-dimensional van der Waals nanowires
Authors: Kargar Fariborz , Barani Zahra , Sesing Nicholas R. , Mai Thuc T. , Debnath Topojit , Zhang Huairuo , Liu Yuhang , Zhu Yanbing , Ghosh Subhajit , Biacchi Adam J. , da Jornada Felipe H. , Bartels Ludwig , Adel Tehseen , Hight Walker Angela R. , Davydov Albert V. , Salguero Tina T. , Lake Roger K. , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: November 2022

We report the polarization-dependent Raman spectra of exfoliated MoI3, a van der Waals material with a “true one-dimensional” crystal structure that can be exfoliated to individual atomic chains. The temperature evolution of several Raman features reveals an anomalous behavior suggesting a phase transition of magnetic origin. Theoretical considerations indicate that MoI3 is an easy-plane antiferromagnet with alternating spins along the dimerized chains and with inter-chain helical spin ordering. The calculated frequencies of phonons and magnons are consistent with the interpretation of the experimental Raman data. The obtained results shed light on the specifics of the phononic and magnonic states in MoI3 and provide a strong motivation for further study of this unique material with potential for future spintronic applications.
Gas phase C6H6− anion: Electronic stabilization by opening of the benzene ring
Authors: Pysanenko Andriy , Vinklárek Ivo S. , Fedor Juraj , Fárník Michal , Bergmeister Stefan , Kostal Vojtech , Nemirovich Tatiana , Jungwirth Pavel
Published: November 2022

It is well established that an isolated benzene radical anion is not electronically stable. In the present study, we experimentally show that electron attachment to benzene clusters leads to weak albeit unequivocal occurrence of a C6H6− moiety. We propose here—based on electronic structure calculation—that this moiety actually corresponds to linear structures formed by the opening of the benzene ring via electron attachment. The cluster environment is essential in this process since it quenches the internal energy released upon ring opening, which in the gas phase leads to further dissociation of this anion.
Environmental impacts of the Australian poultry industry. 1. Chicken meat production
Authors: Copley M. A. , Wiedemann S. G.
Published: November 2022

Context Steadily increasing consumption of chicken meat (Australia’s most consumed meat protein) has resulted in expanded production. With societal expectations that industries improve sustainability, understanding baseline impacts is vital. Aims This study determined carbon footprint (kg CO2-e), fossil energy (MJ), fresh water consumption (L), stress (L H2O-e) and scarcity (m3), and land-occupation (m2) impacts for conventional (C) and free-range (FR) production systems, identified hotspots and the implications of changes in production over the past decade, to establish targets for future improvement. Methods In the largest study of its kind, attributional life-cycle assessment with data collected for ~50% of birds processed was used, reporting impacts per kilogram of the typical market mix of chicken products, and boneless chicken. Uncertainty was assessed through Monte Carlo analysis, and results are presented as the means and standard deviation. Key results Slightly lower impacts per kilogram of chicken meat product were observed for C production (2.1 ± 0.03 kg CO2-e, 18.0 ± 0.3 MJ, 178.6 ± 22.4 L, and 10.2 ± 0.1 m2) than for FR (2.2 ± 0.03 kg CO2-e, 18.5 ± 0.3 MJ, 189.6 ± 24.6 L, and 10.6 ± 0.1 m2). Feed production was the major hotspot, followed by grow-out and meat processing. Land use (LU) and direct land use-change (dLUC) impacts associated with imported soymeal added 1.7 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.3 kg CO2-e to C and FR respectively. FR carbon footprint and land occupation were significantly (P < 0.05) higher. Since 2010, fossil energy, arable land, and greenhouse-gas emissions have declined. One countertrend was LU and dLUC emissions, which increased due to changed soy imports, resulting in a slightly higher C carbon footprint. Conclusions Multi-indicator analysis is fundamental to understanding, communicating, and improving performance, and distinguishing between short-term fluctuations and long-term trends. Since 2010, feed-production impacts have increased (due to imported soymeal in poultry diets), indicating that alternative feed protein sources are a priority. Efficiency improvements reduced per-kilogram impacts across other indicators, demonstrating a positive trend in producing more food from fewer inputs. Implications Australian chicken meat is a low-impact animal protein. Future improvements require alternative feed proteins, technology adoption and practice change to maintain or reduce impacts as production expands alongside consumer demand.
Mammalian diversification bursts and biotic turnovers are synchronous with Cenozoic geoclimatic events in Asia
Authors: Feijó Anderson , Ge Deyan , Wen Zhixin , Cheng Jilong , Xia Lin , Patterson Bruce D. , Yang Qisen
Published: November 2022

Asia’s rich species diversity has been linked to its Cenozoic geodiversity, including active mountain building and dramatic climatic changes. However, prior studies on the diversification and assembly of Asian faunas have been derived mainly from analyses at taxonomic or geographic scales too limited to offer a comprehensive view of this complex region’s biotic evolution. Here, using the class Mammalia, we built historical biogeographic models drawn on phylogenies of 1,543 species occurring across Asia to investigate how and when the mammal diversity in Asian regions and mountain hotspots was assembled. We explore the roles of in situ speciation, colonization, and vicariance and geoclimatic events to explain the buildup of Asia’s regional mammal diversity through time. We found that southern Asia has served as the main cradle of Asia’s mammal diversity. Present-day species richness in other regions is mainly derived from colonization, but by the Miocene, in situ speciation increased in importance. The high biodiversity present in the mountain hotspots (Himalayas and Hengduan) that flank the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau is a product of high colonization instead of in situ speciation, making them important centers of lineage accumulation. Overall, Neogene was marked by great diversification and migrations across Asia and surrounding continents but Paleogene environments already hosted rich mammal assemblages. Our study revealed that synchronous diversification bursts and biotic turnovers are temporally associated with tectonic events (mountain building, continental collisions) and drastic reorganization of climate (aridification of Asian interior, intensification of Asian monsoons, sea retreat) that took place throughout the Cenozoic in Asia.
Impact of lowering fine particulate matter from major emission sources on mortality in Canada: A nationwide causal analysis
Authors: Chen Hong , Quick Matthew , Kaufman Jay S. , Chen Chen , Kwong Jeffrey C. , van Donkelaar Aaron , Meng Jun , Martin Randall V. , Kim JinHee , Lavigne Eric , Bai Li , Li Yi , Tjepkema Michael , Benmarhnia Tarik , Burnett Richard T.
Published: November 2022

Emissions of fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
) from human activities have been linked to substantial disease burdens, but evidence regarding how reducing PM
2.5
at its sources would improve public health is sparse. We followed a population-based cohort of 2.7 million adults across Canada from 2007 through 2016. For each participant, we estimated annual mean concentrations of PM
2.5
and the fractional contributions to PM
2.5
from the five leading anthropogenic sources at their residential address using satellite observations in combination with a global atmospheric chemistry transport model. For each source, we estimated the causal effects of six hypothetical interventions on 10-y nonaccidental mortality risk using the parametric g-formula, a structural causal model. We conducted stratified analyses by age, sex, and income. This cohort would have experienced tangible health gains had contributions to PM
2.5
from any of the five sources been reduced. Compared with no intervention, a 10% annual reduction in PM
2.5
contributions from transportation and power generation, Canada’s largest and fifth-largest anthropogenic sources, would have prevented approximately 175 (95%CI: 123–226) and 90 (95%CI: 63–117) deaths per million by 2016, respectively. A more intensive 50% reduction per year in PM
2.5
contributions from the two sources would have averted 360 and 185 deaths per million, respectively, by 2016. The potential health benefits were greater among men, older adults, and low-income earners. In Canada, where PM
2.5
levels are among the lowest worldwide, reducing PM
2.5
contributions from anthropogenic sources by as little as 10% annually would yield meaningful health gains.
Transcriptome-based molecular subtypes and differentiation hierarchies improve the classification framework of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cheng Wen-Yan , Li Jian-Feng , Zhu Yong-Mei , Lin Xiang-Jie , Wen Li-Jun , Zhang Fan , Zhang Yu-Liang , Zhao Ming , Fang Hai , Wang Sheng-Yue , Lin Xiao-Jing , Qiao Niu , Yin Wei , Zhang Jia-Nan , Dai Yu-Ting , Jiang Lu , Sun Xiao-Jian , Xu Yi , Zhang Tong-Tong , Chen Su-Ning , Zhu Hong-Hu , Chen Zhu , Jin Jie , Wu De-Pei , Shen Yang , Chen Sai-Juan
Published: November 2022

The current classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relies largely on genomic alterations. Robust identification of clinically and biologically relevant molecular subtypes from nongenomic high-throughput sequencing data remains challenging. We established the largest multicenter AML cohort (n = 655) in China, with all patients subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and 619 (94.5%) to targeted or whole-exome sequencing (TES/WES). Based on an enhanced consensus clustering, eight stable gene expression subgroups (G1–G8) with unique clinical and biological significance were identified, including two unreported (G5 and G8) and three redefined ones (G4, G6, and G7). Apart from four well-known low-risk subgroups including
PML::RARA
(G1),
CBFB::MYH11
(G2),
RUNX1::RUNX1T1
(G3), biallelic
CEBPA
mutations or -like (G4), four meta-subgroups with poor outcomes were recognized. The G5 (myelodysplasia-related/-like) subgroup enriched clinical, cytogenetic and genetic features mimicking secondary AML, and hotspot mutations of
IKZF1
(p.N159S) (n = 7). In contrast, most
NPM1
mutations and
KMT2A
and
NUP98
fusions clustered into G6–G8, showing high expression of
HOXA
/
B
genes and diverse differentiation stages, from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell down to monocyte, namely
HOX
-primitive (G7)

,
HOX
-mixed (G8), and
HOX
-committed (G6). Through constructing prediction models, the eight gene expression subgroups could be reproduced in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Beat AML cohorts. Each subgroup was associated with distinct prognosis and drug sensitivities, supporting the clinical applicability of this transcriptome-based classification of AML. These molecular subgroups illuminate the complex molecular network of AML, which may promote systematic studies of disease pathogenesis and foster the screening of targeted agents based on omics.
Ginkgo seed shell provides a unique model for bioinspired design
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Mao Jiajun , Peng Jingsong , Tomsia Antoni P. , Jiang Lei , Cheng Qunfeng
Published: November 2022

Natural structural materials typically feature complex hierarchical anisotropic architectures, resulting in excellent damage tolerance. Such highly anisotropic structures, however, also provide an easy path for crack propagation, often leading to catastrophic fracture as evidenced, for example, by wood splitting. Here, we describe the weakly anisotropic structure of
Ginkgo biloba
(ginkgo) seed shell, which has excellent crack resistance in different directions. Ginkgo seed shell is composed of tightly packed polygonal sclereids with cell walls in which the cellulose microfibrils are oriented in a helicoidal pattern. We found that the sclereids contain distinct pits, special fine tubes like a “screw fastener,” that interlock the helicoidal cell walls together. As a result, ginkgo seed shell demonstrates crack resistance in all directions, exhibiting specific fracture toughness that can rival other highly anisotropic natural materials, such as wood, bone, insect cuticle, and nacre. In situ characterization reveals ginkgo’s unique toughening mechanism: pit-guided crack propagation. This mechanism forces the crack to depart from the weak compound middle lamella and enter into the sclereid, where the helicoidal cell wall significantly inhibits crack growth by the cleavage and breakage of the fibril-based cell walls. Ginkgo’s toughening mechanism could provide guidelines for a new bioinspired strategy for the design of high-performance bulk materials.
CCAR2 functions downstream of the Shieldin complex to promote double-strand break end-joining
Authors: Iyer Divya Ramalingam , Harada Naoya , Clairmont Connor , Jiang Lige , Martignetti David , Nguyen Huy , He Yizhou Joseph , Chowdhury Dipanjan , D’Andrea Alan D.
Published: November 2022

The 53BP1-RIF1 pathway restricts the resection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promotes blunt end-ligation by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. The Shieldin complex is a downstream effector of the 53BP1-RIF1 pathway. Here, we identify a component of this pathway, CCAR2/DBC1, which is also required for restriction of DNA end-resection. CCAR2 co-immunoprecipitates with the Shieldin complex, and knockout of CCAR2 in a BRCA1-deficient cell line results in elevated DSB end-resection, RAD51 loading, and PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance. Knockout of CCAR2 is epistatic with knockout of other Shieldin proteins. The S1-like RNA-binding domain of CCAR2 is required for its interaction with the Shieldin complex and for suppression of DSB end-resection. CCAR2 functions downstream of the Shieldin complex, and CCAR2 knockout cells have delayed resolution of Shieldin complex foci. Forkhead-associated (FHA)-dependent targeting of CCAR2 to DSB sites re-sensitized BRCA1−/−SHLD2−/− cells to PARPi. Taken together, CCAR2 is a functional component of the 53BP1-RIF1 pathway, promotes the refill of resected DSBs, and suppresses homologous recombination.
A soft microrobot with highly deformable 3D actuators for climbing and transitioning complex surfaces
Authors: Pang Wenbo , Xu Shiwei , Wu Jun , Bo Renheng , Jin Tianqi , Xiao Yue , Liu Zhi , Zhang Fan , Cheng Xu , Bai Ke , Song Honglie , Xue Zhaoguo , Wen Li , Zhang Yihui
Published: November 2022

The climbing microrobots have attracted growing attention due to their promising applications in exploration and monitoring of complex, unstructured environments. Soft climbing microrobots based on muscle-like actuators could offer excellent flexibility, adaptability, and mechanical robustness. Despite the remarkable progress in this area, the development of soft microrobots capable of climbing on flat/curved surfaces and transitioning between two different surfaces remains elusive, especially in open spaces. In this study, we address these challenges by developing voltage-driven soft small-scale actuators with customized 3D configurations and active stiffness adjusting. Combination of programmed strain distributions in liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and buckling-driven 3D assembly, guided by mechanics modeling, allows for voltage-driven, complex 3D-to-3D shape morphing (bending angle > 200°) at millimeter scales (from 1 to 10 mm), which is unachievable previously. These soft actuators enable development of morphable electroadhesive footpads that can conform to different curved surfaces and stiffness-variable smart joints that allow different locomotion gaits in a single microrobot. By integrating such morphable footpads and smart joints with a deformable body, we report a multigait, soft microrobot (length from 6 to 90 mm, and mass from 0.2 to 3 g) capable of climbing on surfaces with diverse shapes (e.g., flat plane, cylinder, wavy surface, wedge-shaped groove, and sphere) and transitioning between two distinct surfaces. We demonstrate that the microrobot could navigate from one surface to another, recording two corresponding ceilings when carrying an integrated microcamera. The developed soft microrobot can also flip over a barrier, survive extreme compression, and climb bamboo and leaf.
Four-component high entropy spinel oxide as anode material in lithium-ion batteries with excellent cyclability
Authors: Csík D , Zalka D , Saksl K , Capková D , Džunda R
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, energy storage technologies are in focus of public interest, especially in the field of the automotive industry. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are evaluated as one of the most advanced energy storage devices because of their high energy density, which can meet rapidly growing energy requirements. Graphite based anode materials in LIBs are reaching their fundamental limits, especially their specific capacities. Recently, it has been demonstrated that high entropy oxides (HEOs) possess promising and unexpected electrochemical properties, such as remarkable reversible capacity and cycle stability due to the high entropy of the system. The highly disordered structure can provide self-healing properties resulting in regeneration of the capacity by applying low current densities. In addition, they can alleviate volume changes during the cycling process, unlike simple oxides. Among the various types of high entropy oxides, spinel-structured HEOs are the most studied because they ensure the three-dimensional transport of lithium ions ensuring high rate capability. Herein, we report a simple method of preparation of high entropy oxide (HEO) with a spinel structure consisting of 4 different elements (Co, Fe, Cr, Ni). The prepared HEO exhibited excellent cycle stability during (116 mAh.g-1) 500 cycles at a current density of 500 mA.g-1, which confirms their usage as anode active materials in lithium-ion batteries.
A comprehensive heat generation study of lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Madani Seyed Saeed , Schaltz Erik , Kær Søren Knudsen , Ziebert Carlos
Published: November 2022

A precise interpretation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) heat generation is indispensable to the advancement and accomplishment of thermal management systems for different applications of LIB, including electric vehicles. The internal resistance of a lithium titanate oxide (LTO)-based LIB was determined at different state of charge (SOC) levels and current rates to understand the relationship between internal resistance and heat generation. Random and different pulse discharge current step durations were applied to consider the effect of different SOC interval levels on heat generation. The total generated heat was measured for different discharge rates and operating temperatures in a Netzsch IBC 284 calorimeter. It was seen that a 6.7% SOC decrease at high SOC levels corresponds to 0.377 Wh, 0.728 Wh, and 1.002 Wh heat generation for 26A, 52A, and 78A step discharge, both at 20 °C and 30 °C. However, a 1.85% SOC decrease at medium SOC levels corresponds already to 0.57 Wh, 0.76 Wh, and 0.62 Wh heat generation. It can be inferred that the impact of SOC level on heat generation for this cell is more prominent at a lower than at a higher SOC.
Appraisal the effective diffusion coefficients of Li-ions by PITT and network thermodynamic methods in thin-layer Fe-sulfidic electrodes of Li-accumulator
Authors: Apostolova R D , Markevych O V , Shembel E M
Published: November 2022

In this work, we explored the possibilities of network thermodynamics to determine the most important kinetic parameter of the diffusion process, the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions (DLi) in iron sulfide. Iron sulfides have been electrolytically synthesized in thin aluminum-based layers for implementation in miniature lithium batteries. A comparison is made of the results obtained by the method of network thermodynamics and the method of potentiostatic pulse titration PITT. The theoretical aspects of both methods are presented. The task was reduced to obtaining curves I (current) - time (t), their analysis and calculation of coefficient values (DLi), using the theoretical foundations of diffusion and the methods used. At the early stages of applying the method of network thermodynamics to the study of diffusion in lithium current sources, it was not clear why the method is suitable for determining DLi not in the entire working range of potentials. A wide range of studies using the PITT method helps to answer questions related to the application of the network thermodynamic method. When using both methods, it is important to establish the potential range with diffusion kinetics and to reveal the accompanying electrode processes. Thus, it was found that both methods used are unable to provide reliable results in the FexSy electrode potential range of 2.8–1.8 V, since the diffusion nature of the electrode process is not a priority in this potential range.
Different carbon processes for lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Hoffmann N , Ortiz M G , Thomas J E , Visintin A
Published: November 2022

In this work, different carbon modification processes have been employed and the results have been compared with the unmodified Super-P carbon. The active materials were used in respective cathodes materials for Li/S batteries. The electrochemical performance was studied by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and rate capability. CV measurements showed the modified carbons started out charging and discharging at set voltages, with their peaks broadening as part of the cycling-induced decay. It was found that the carbon processed with nitric acid delivered the highest capacity retention after 100 cycles at C/10. The results indicate that the modification of carbon with nitric acid could be promote the decrease of the shuttle effect.
Design and optimization of solar-powered irrigation system
Authors: Jandova K , Stranak R
Published: November 2022

Currently, there are several commercially produced solar-powered irrigation systems that allow irrigation to be used even in the areas and applications where piped water supply is not available. However, these are mostly systems that are only basic and do not allow for further improvements. This contribution describes the design and manufacture of a custom solar-powered irrigation system that includes, for example, a liquid fertilizer reservoir for better plant growth or a moisture meter that prevents waterlogging of individual crops as well as protection against self-destruction. This system reflects not only the needs of the operator, but also the needs of the plants and, thanks to the use of a solar module; it is one of the most environmentally friendly sources of energy.
Failure mechanism in the pearlite structure with lamellar graphite due to temperature
Authors: Zimáková J , Binar T , Šafl P , Čudek P
Published: November 2022

Critical operating temperature can be determined for the machine components that form the key functional part of the device. This article describes a change of the failure mechanism in the material of an engine, where the material structure consists of fine pearlite layers with lamellar graphite equivalent to grey cast iron. The mechanical properties of this material influence not only the layers formed by the perlite, but also the lamellar graphite acting as a stress concentrator. To assess the failure mechanism in the material, a fractographic analysis of the fracture areas was performed after the impact test. The range of test temperatures at which the impact test was performed on the test specimens with notch ranged from -80°C to +180°C. The occurrence of brittle fracture was detected at the low temperatures by cleavage along and over the planar layers of the lamellar graphite. The brittle fracture initiation at the higher temperatures was observed by cleavage in the basic layer of the perlite. Depending on the failure mechanism of the test specimens fracture area, critical temperatures were determined, in which the measured value of the notch toughness decreased. Regression of temperature dependence of notch toughness allows very precise quantification of this decrease.
Analysis of gas thermal conductivity at low pressures using a mathematical-physical model
Authors: Šabacká P
Published: November 2022

As part of the research in the field of pumping vacuum chambers in the Environmental Electron Microscope, research on supersonic flow through apertures is being carried out at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology of the Brno University of Technology in cooperation with the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS. This paper deals with the effect of low pressures on the thermal conductivity of gases that occurs when observing samples in the Environmental Electron Microscope.
Difference of measured proton and He3 EDMs: a reduced systematics test of T-reversal invariance
Authors: Talman Richard M.
Published: November 2022

The upper limit on (time reversal symmetry T-violating) permanent hadron electric dipole
moments (EDMs) is the PSI neutron EDM value; dn
= (0.0 ± 1.1stat ± 0.2sys 
× 10-26) e cm. This paper describes an experiment to be performed at a
BNL-proposed CLIP project which is to be capable of producing intense polarized beams of protons,
p, helions (He3 nuclei), h, and other isotopes. The EDM prototype ring PTR (proposed at
COSY Lab, Juelich) is expected to measure individual particle EDMs (for example EDM_p for
the proton) using simultaneous counter-rotating polarized proton beams, with statistical error
±10-30e.cm after one year running time, four orders of magnitude less than the PSI neutron
EDM upper limit, and with comparable systematic error. A composite particle, the helion faces
T-symmetry constraints more challenging than the proton. Any measurably large value
of
Δ= EDM
h
- EDM
p
,
the difference of helion and proton EDMs, would represent
BSM physics. The plan is to replicate PTR at BNL. The dominant systematic error would be canceled
two ways, both made possible by phase-locking “doubly-magic” 38.6 MeV proton and 39.2 MeV
helion spin tunes. This stabilizes their MDM-induced in-plane precessions, without affecting their
EDM-induced out-of-plane precessions. The dominant systematic error would therefore cancel in the
meaurement of Δ in a fixed field configuration. Another systematic error cancellation will
come from averaging runs for which both magnetic field and beam circulation directions are
reversed. Precise magnetic field reversal is made possible by the reproducible absolute frequency
phase-locking over long runs to eliminate the need for (impractically precise) magnetic field
measurement. Risk of EDM measurement failure is discussed in a final appendix.
The RED-100 experiment
Authors: Akimov D.Yu. , Alexandrov I.S. , Alyev R.R. , Belov V.A. , Bolozdynya A.I. , Etenko A.V. , Galavanov A.V. , Glagovsky E.M. , Gusakov Y.V. , Khromov A.V. , Kiselev S.M. , Konovalov A.M. , Kornoukhov V.N. , Kovalenko A.G. , Kozlova E.S. , Kumpan A.V. , Lukyashin A.V. , Pinchuk A.V. , Razuvaeva O.E. , Rudik D.G. , Shakirov A.V. , Simakov G.E. , Sosnovtsev V.V. , Vasin A.A.
Published: November 2022

The RED-100 two-phase xenon emission detector has been
deployed at 19-m distance from the reactor core of the Kalinin
Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) in 2021–2022 for investigation of the
possibility to observe reactor antineutrinos using the effect of
coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS). The
performance of the main systems of the RED-100 setup at operating
nuclear power plant is described. There is no correlation of the
radioactive background at the experimental setup site with ON and
OFF states of the reactor. The data taking run was carried out at
the beginning of the year 2022 and covered both the reactor OFF and
ON periods.
An analytical model for electronic noise in a cryogenic bolometer detector readout circuit
Authors: Vatsa V. , Reza A. , Mazumdar A. , Pose M.S. , Mallikarjunachary S. , Nanal V. , Pillay R.G. , Ramakrishnan S. , Shrivastava A.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an analytical model to quantify the measured noise in a cryogenic bolometer readout circuit. The model includes the contributions from the bias resistors and sensor resistors, voltage and current noise of amplifier, and cable capacitance. The model parameters are empirically estimated using frequency domain analysis of the measured noise data of indigenously developed Neutron Transmutation Doped (NTD) Ge sensors. The model is shown to describe noise data for NTD Ge sensors
over a wide range of resistances corresponding to temperatures in the range 20–70 mK.
Relative contributions of different components are discussed and it is shown that the contribution to the overall noise from the differential amplifier at 300 K is the dominant source. It is observed that the amplifier flicker noise is significantly lower than that specified in the amplifier datasheet. The present study also indicates that a desirable value of resistance of NTD sensor (R
NTD) from noise considerations is ≲ 1 GΩ at ∼ 20 mK.
Systematic engineering design approach for improvement of oil-free twin-screw compressors
Authors: Plantegenet Thibaud , Tam Thibault , Kovacevic Ahmed , Rane Sham , Patel Brijeshkumar , Krupa Aleksander , Leach Richard , Lawson Donald , Heiyantuduwa Manoj , Milligan Billy , Ure James
Published: November 2022

Twin-screw compressors are widely used in industry, especially in compressed air, refrigeration, air-conditioning and process gas which consume a significant part of the world’s energy. Nowadays, oil-injected compressors represent the majority of twin-screw compressors in the market due to their high efficiency and reliability. The oil-free compressor is potentially a better solution in the context of the net-zero CO2 target in 2050. However, due to its high thermal deformation and small clearances, this technology still suffers from reliability issues. To remedy this problem disruptive innovative solutions are required. In this purpose, the present study uses a systematic engineering design process to develop new concepts for the improvement of the oil-free twin-screw compressor. The paper is focused on the first two phases of the design process which are the definition of problem and the conceptual design. In the problem definition, main objectives are expressed and are divided into sub-objectives and weighed using an objective tree decomposition. Moreover, a thorough functional model of the oil-free compressor is detailed with a focus on the leakage paths and heat transfers. For the conceptual design, engineering characteristics extracted from the functional analysis have been assessed against the most important objectives using Quality Function Deployment matrices (QFD). Based on the developed problem definition, new concepts have been generated and three distinct concept categories have been further explored: Secondary flow; Surface features; Clearance control and monitoring. The evaluation, embodiment and detailed designs of the concepts, using experimental and numerical analyses will follow.
Analysis of the flow through the blowhole of twin-screw machines with different rotor profiles using dimensionless numbers
Authors: Heselmann M , Brümmer A
Published: November 2022

To ensure safe operation, gaps in a screw machine are essential. Some are relatively easy to adjust, like front and housing gaps, while it is more difficult, if they depend directly on the selected rotor profile shape, such as the inter-lobe clearance and the blowhole. Consideration of mass flow rates through those clearances is crucial to predict operation conditions or design screw machines. When using chamber model simulations, it is common to calculate idealized, theoretical mass flow rates and to combine them with a flow coefficient which represents the effect of e.g. friction losses. This paper deals with the flow coefficient of the blowhole, which is formed by the two rotors and the housing cusp. Therefore, a set of dimensionless numbers is used, including physical and geometrical influences on the flow coefficient. The real mass flow rate of an ideal gas (e.g. air) through the blowhole is calculated by CFD-simulations. The dimensionless numbers are systematically varied to identify their specific influences on the gained mass flow rates.
Rheological modelling of viscoelastic fluid in a generic gap of screw pump
Authors: Mehrnia S , Kerres L , Kuhr M , Pelz P F
Published: November 2022

In this study, the leakage of a non-Newtonian fluid, i.e. silicone oil, in a generic gap was numerically investigated. A CFD tool is used to determine the relationship between leakage flow, gap length and pressure difference. The investigated fluid is viscoelastic and its properties are modelled by a Maxwell equation. The Maxwell model can be used to precisely define the phenomenon of stress relaxation. Moreover, a comparison of the viscosity of measured data with simplified models shows that the Maxwell model is best suited for viscosity prediction. Furthermore, simulation results showed that at low pressures, leakage is reduced by decreasing the gap angle. However, this effect changes with increasing viscosity and relaxation time of the molecule. To determine the pressure drop, the Bagley plot is used. The results confirmed that as the shear rate increases, the elastic pressure drop values increase. In addition, the leakage flow increases with an increasing slenderness ratio.
Pulsating flow velocity profile measurement at an acoustically reflecting and non-reflecting open pipe end using laser doppler anemometry (LDA)
Authors: Nal F , Brümmer A
Published: November 2022

Depending on the geometry and operating condition, occasionally strong and destructive acoustic resonances occur in the pipe spool piece between the high-pressure discharge of screw compressors and the connected pulsation damper/silencer inlet. To avoid these resonances, the use of a nozzle with defined cross-section reduction is investigated. By designing the contraction ratio as a function of the nozzle inlet Mach number, a non-reflecting termination/transition can be provided. For a defined operating point, acoustic reflection from the nozzle can be avoided in this way, thus preventing the acoustic resonance in the spool piece.

Within this paper the pulsating flow field directly downstream an acoustically reflecting open pipe end is investigated using laser doppler anemometry (LDA) at the air test rig at the Chair of Fluidics at TU Dortmund University. In the modified experimental setup an operating point-specific designed nozzle is installed at the open pipe end to create a non-reflecting termination. By means of LDA measurements, the velocity profile is determined experimentally at the nozzle outlet for the designed operating condition. The 2D measurement results (radius dependant velocity and phase distribution) extend established 1D decomposition of pressure measurement signals into upstream and downstream travelling waves and allow a deeper understanding of the acoustic behaviour of non-reflecting nozzles.
On performance optimisation for oil-injected screw compressors using different evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Kumar A , Kovacevic A , Ponnusami S A , Patil S , Abdan S , Asati N
Published: November 2022

Energy consumed for pressurizing air makes a significant proportion of total electrical energy consumption worldwide. To reduce the carbon footprint, it is necessary to have air compressors, which can operate efficiently over a large range of pressures and flow including full load and part load conditions. Several studies have been performed in this area including some which monitor the performance of a large number of compressors to develop strategies for their designs.

This paper focuses on the design optimisation of geometrical and oil parameters of oil-injected screw compressors using different evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), and so on. A comparison of the performance of these algorithms is presented. SCORG and GT-SUITE (commercial software tools for screw compressor thermodynamic simulations and optimisation) are used in the integrated model producing promising results. Feasibility of the optimum outcomes generated by these algorithms is critically evaluated from machine and system design point of view. Finally, in the context of optimisation presented here, the simplex converges fastest as compared to other algorithms. In the future study, the system design limitations are to be incorporated as constraints for the optimisation along with the objective to improve energy efficiency.
Proceeding of 36th International Conference of Material Sciences and Its Applications (36th Eg-MRS) 2022
Authors: Aly Arafa H.
Published: November 2022

Preface

It is with great pleasure that I introduce the proceedings of the 36th Eg-MRS International Conference, 24-25 September 2022, Cairo, Egypt. This conference was dedicated to technical issue related to material sciences research and its applications.

The objectives of the conference were not only to provide opportunities to the international scientists to present state of the art research in material sciences but also to provide a forum to discuss ideas for future directions in the field and explore possibilities for collaborative research projects.

The conference program included keynote, oral, and poster presentations from scholars working in the areas of materials science and engineering from all over the world. It covered recent trends and progress made in the field of material sciences. Professors from Egypt, Malaysia, USA, Canada, India, Russia and France were invited to deliver keynote lectures regarding the latest information in their respective areas of expertise.

List of Conference Chairman, Organizing and Scientific Committee, Editors and Reviewers are available in this pdf.
On the mechanical, microstructural, and corrosion properties of pulsed gas tungsten arc and friction stir welded RZ5 rare earth grade magnesium alloy
Authors: Lakshmikhanth R Sasi , Lakshminarayanan A K
Published: November 2022

Experimental studies have been conducted on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of magnesium alloy RZ5 that has been butt welded. Pulsed tungsten inert gas (PTIG) and friction stir welding (FSW) are two distinct welding techniques that have been considered. The weld metal of the PTIG joint exhibited finer grain cast structures of 10 μm with coarser intergranular eutectic τ-Phase particles as compared to the coarse-grained cast base metal microstructure of 104 μm. The FSW joints microstructural investigation revealed that the precipitates with globular morphology had spread out throughout the wrought ultrafine α-Mg grains of 2 μm. X-ray elemental distribution and phase analysis indicated that in base metal and weld joints, the grain boundaries and interior zones were enriched with Zn and Zr elements with corresponding secondary phases. Microhardness measurements showed the softening is reduced in the heat-affected zone of FSW compared to PTIG joints. The stir zone exhibits the highest hardness of 120.4 HV0.2 which is 40% higher than the fusion zone hardness of PTIG welds. Electrochemical polarization scans and immersion testing indicated that the weld zone of the FSW joint exhibits higher corrosion resistance than the RZ5 base alloy and PTIG welds. The corrosion data (i.e., higher corrosion potential, lower current density, and higher breakdown potential) obtained from the polarisation scans are correlated with the microstructural features after immersion testing.
Worldwide review of bacterial diseases of oaks (Quercus sp.) and their potential threat to trees in Central Europe
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz
Published: November 2022

The phenomenon of hhh Europe has been observed for over 100 years. In this time, many attempts have been made to describe this phenomenon considering biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors. Recently, an increasing intensity of bacterial tree diseases has been observed both in Europe and around the world. Moreover, climate change is contributing to an increase in the range of pathogens. The aim of this publication was to highlight the most important bacterial diseases occurring on oaks around the world, and to discuss the potential threat to native oaks occurring in Central Europe: English oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). The main focus was on three diseases caused by different bacteria: bacterial leaf streak (caused by Xylella fastidiosa), acute oak decline (caused by Gibbsiella quercinecans, Rahnella victoriana and Brenneria goodwinii) and drippy nut disease (caused by Brenneria quercina—formerly Erwinia quercina). At present, these are the only known bacterial diseases that cause damage to oak stands. Information on each of the above-mentioned diseases is given in the review, ranging from their origin, importance, list of host plants and their potential threat to native oaks of Central Europe.
Disc tearing leads to low and high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in a GRMHD simulation of a thin accretion disc
Authors: Musoke G , Liska M , Porth O , van der Klis Michiel , Ingram Adam
Published: November 2022

Black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) display a wide range of variability phenomena, from long duration spectral state changes to short-term broad-band variability and quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). A particularly puzzling aspect is the production of QPOs, which – if properly understood – could be used as a powerful diagnostic tool of black hole accretion and evolution. In this work, we analyse a high-resolution 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a geometrically thin accretion disc, which is tilted by 65° with respect to the black hole spin axis. We find that the Lense–Thirring torque from the rapidly spinning 10 M⊙ black hole causes several sub-discs to tear off within ∼10–20 gravitational radii. Tearing occurs in cycles on time-scales of seconds. During each tearing cycle, the inner sub-disc precesses for 1–5 periods before it falls into the black hole. We find a precession frequency of $\sim 3\rm Hz$, consistent with observed low-frequency QPOs. In addition, we find a high frequency QPO (HFQPO) with centroid frequency of ∼55 Hz in the power spectra of the mass-weighted radius of the inner disc and the radial mass flux. This signal is caused by radial epicyclic oscillations of a dense ring of gas at the tearing radius, which suggests a corresponding modulation of the X-ray light curve and may thus explain some of the observed HFQPOs.
The complex organic molecular content in the L1517B starless core
Authors: Megías A , Jiménez-Serra I , Martín-Pintado J , Vasyunin A I , Spezzano S , Caselli P , Cosentino G , Viti S
Published: November 2022

Recent observations of the pre-stellar core L1544 and the younger starless core L1498 have revealed that complex organic molecules (COMs) are enhanced in the gas phase towards their outer and intermediate-density shells. Our goal is to determine the level of chemical complexity towards the starless core L1517B, which seems younger than L1498, and compare it with the other two previously studied cores to see if there is a chemical evolution within the cores. We have carried out 3 mm high-sensitivity observations towards two positions in the L1517B starless core: the core’s centre and the position where the methanol emission peaks (at a distance of ∼5000 au from the core’s centre). Our observations reveal that a lower number of COMs and COM precursors are detected in L1517B with respect to L1498 and L1544, and also show lower abundances. Besides methanol, we only detected CH3O, H2CCO, CH3CHO, CH3CN, CH3NC, HCCCN, and HCCNC. Their measured abundances are ∼3 times larger towards the methanol peak than towards the core’s centre, mimicking the behaviour found towards the more evolved cores L1544 and L1498. We propose that the differences in the chemical complexity observed between the three studied starless cores are a consequence of their evolution, with L1517B being the less evolved one, followed by L1498 and L1544. Chemical complexity in these cores seems to increase over time, with N-bearing molecules forming first and O-bearing COMs forming at a later stage as a result of the catastrophic depletion of CO.