bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of eosinophil percentage and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein predicts in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ye Liu , Bai Hong‐mei , Jiang Dan , He Bing , Wen Xue‐song , Ge Ping , Zhang Dong‐ying
Published: May 2020

Background

Eosinophil levels predict prognosis in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Both eosinophils and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) play a major role in the acute inflammatory response of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate eosinophil percentage (EOS%) and hs‐CRP as prognostic markers for in‐hospital adverse events in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 518 patients. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were defined as cardiac rupture, cardiac arrest, malignant arrhythmia, and cardiac death. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, all patients were regrouped into 3 groups (None, One, and Two) according to cutoff EOS% value (≤0.3%) and hs‐CRP value (>11.8 mg/L). Both Cox regression analyses and the KM (Kaplan‐Meier) survival curve were used to examine the prognostic role of combined hs‐CRP and EOS% in cardiovascular events.

Results

Of the 518 STEMI patients, 50 of them developed MACEs. Patients who developed MACEs had a significantly lower EOS% and higher hs‐CRP than patients who remained MACE‐free. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the highest risk of in‐hospital MACEs was constantly observed in patients with a combined low EOS% and elevated hs‐CRP. Patients with reduced EOS% and high hs‐CRP had significantly higher incidence rates of cardiac rupture (P = .001), cardiac arrest (P = .001), and malignant arrhythmia (P < .001); furthermore, they had the worst cumulative survival compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion

Combined reduced EOS% and elevated hs‐CRP were valuable tools for identifying patients at risk of in‐hospital MACEs.
Correlation between hospital rating agencies’ data: An analysis and recommendation
Authors: Sondheim Samuel E. , Mattie Angela , Vigil Julie , McCulloch Christina , Feinn Richard
Published: May 2020

Hospital rating agencies exist to inform consumers through publicly available patient safety data. The large number of rating agencies, the variability in their methodologies and data presentations leave few consumers considering these data in making healthcare decisions. The objective of this study was to analyze the comparability of data from four different healthcare rating agencies to understand whether there exists a correlation among the rating agencies’ published data. Four well‐known rating agencies' data were gathered for 30 Connecticut hospitals and analyzed using correlation methods. The overall rating score was used for comparison accounting for patients’ probability of referencing this score in determining a hospital’s safety. The results indicate little or no correlation between ratings of Connecticut hospitals among the reviewed rating agencies. The only statistically significant correlation was between CMS and Leapfrog. The lack of correlation among rating agencies’ publicly available data identified in this study leads to consumer confusion. This research provides support for the need for a valid, reliable, and transparent healthcare rating system to inform patient decision making. These findings can be used to advocate for a legislatively mandated national reporting system that focuses on user understanding of the data.
Impacts of Madden–Julian oscillation on tropical cyclone activity over the South China Sea: Observations versus HiRAM simulations
Authors: Dao Lan Thi , Yu Jia‐Yuh
Published: May 2020

This study investigates the impacts of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific (WNP), with a focus on the South China Sea (SCS), based on results from observations and high‐resolution atmospheric model (HiRAM) simulations. Observational analyses show that MJO imposes marked impacts on TC genesis over the SCS, with more (less) TC formations during the enhanced (suppressed) convection phases of MJO. Moreover, MJO also plays an important role in controlling the tracks of both westward‐moving and eastward‐moving TCs over the SCS. Results from HiRAM simulations indicate that, while the atmospheric model generates an MJO of a faster propagation, the general features of TC activity (including genesis and track) changes over the SCS associated with MJO variability have been properly reproduced by HiRAM.
Effectiveness and Safety of Fast Enteral Advancement in Preterm Infants Between 1000 and 2000 g of Birth Weight
Authors: Montealegre‐Pomar Adriana del Pilar , Bertolotto‐Cepeda Ana María , Romero‐Marquez Yoliseth , Muñoz ‐Ramírez Kelly José
Published: May 2020

Background

The advancement of enteral nutrition in premature infants is still controversial. Clinicians must provide adequate caloric intake but avoiding feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The aim of this study was to establish the safety and effectiveness of fast enteral advancement by comparing it with traditional advancement.

Methods

This is a controlled randomized clinical trial. Feeding was advanced at 30 mL/kg/d vs 20 mL/kg/d in
premature infants under 34 weeks between 1000 and 1499g birth weight, and at 40 mL/kg/d vs 20 mL/kg/day in those weighing 1500–1999 g. Outcomes included time to reach total enteral nutrition, days of parenteral nutrition (PN) and/or intravenous fluid (IVF), days to recover birth weight, episodes of feeding intolerance, growth and weight gain at 40 weeks, sepsis, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, NEC, and mortality. Student t‐test or Mann‐Whitney U test, Fisher test or χ2 test, and multiple linear regression were used.

Results

Differences were found in days to reach total enteral nutrition (slow: 7 [IQR(interquartile range), 6–9], fast: 4 [IQR, 4–6]; P < .001) and days of IVF or PN (slow: 6 [IQR, 4–8], fast: 3 [IQR, 3–5]; P < .001). Fast advancement decreases time to total enteral nutrition by 3 days and PN and/or IVF by up to 5 days. There were no differences in other outcomes.

Conclusions

Fast enteral advancement decreases the days to reach total enteral nutrition and the days of PN and/or IVF without causing greater feeding intolerance. Additional studies are required for more evidence.
Shifting the paradigm from inhibitors of inflammation to resolvers of inflammation in periodontitis
Authors: Van Dyke Thomas E.
Published: May 2020

An initial shift in our understanding of the basis of periodontal disease occurred early in the 2000s. The host response, rather than the bacterial burden, was the principal determinant of the disease. Microbial dysbiosis that occurs in periodontal disease results from a hyperinflammatory state in the host. A second shift in periodontal disease is taking place. This time in the realm of treatment strategies. Rather than targeting antimicrobials or inhibitors of individual inflammatory mediators, preclinical studies support using resolution pharmacology to convert the pro‐inflammatory condition into a non‐inflammatory one, thereby resolving both the local and systemic inflammation associated with periodontal disease. Here, I describe the bases for these shifts in paradigms.
Learning theories and principles in surgical education and technical learning
Authors: Tseng Jennifer
Published: May 2020

What is important to think about in surgical education and technical skills training? Technical skills training is grounded in social cognitive theory and the concepts of modeling and self‐efficacy. Cognitive and nontechnical learning is critical to supplement the overall proficiency of the surgical learner in performing an operation. Technical learning is cemented by deliberate practice and there is benefit to productive struggle and failure. External cognitive load should be minimized to maximized operative skills advancement.
Metastasectomy for melanoma is associated with improved overall survival in responders to targeted molecular or immunotherapy
Authors: Medina Benjamin D. , Choi Beatrix Hyemin , Rodogiannis Kathy G. , Moran Una , Shapiro Richard L. , Pavlick Anna , Osman Iman , Berman Russell S. , Lee Ann Y.
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives

Metastasectomy for melanoma provides durable disease control in carefully selected patients. Similarly, BRAF‐targeted and immune checkpoint inhibition has improved median overall survival (OS) in metastatic patients. We hypothesized that there is an increasing role for metastasectomy in melanoma patients responding to these therapies.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database identified 128 patients with stage IV melanoma who received targeted molecular and/or checkpoint inhibitors at an academic institution from 2006 to 2017. Records were reviewed to characterize clinicopathologic characteristics, response to treatment, and intent of surgery for those who underwent metastasectomy. OS was analyzed by the Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results

Median OS from stage IV diagnosis was 31.3 months. A total of 81 patients received checkpoint inhibitors, 11 received targeted inhibitors, and 36 received both. A total of 73 patients underwent metastasectomy. Indications for surgery included the intent to render disease‐free (54%), palliation (34%), and diagnostic confirmation (11%). Responders to systemic therapy who underwent metastasectomy had improved OS compared to responders who did not (84.3 vs. 42.9 months, P = .018).

Conclusions

Metastasectomy for melanoma is associated with improved OS in patients that respond to targeted molecular or immunotherapy. Resection should be strongly considered in this cohort as multimodality treatment results in excellent OS.
MicroRNA‐383 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting PHF8
Authors: Cheng Yan , Liu Na , Yang CaiFeng , Jiang Jiong , Zhao Juhui , Zhao Gang , Chen Fenrong , Zhao Hongli , Li Yang
Published: May 2020

Background

To study the effect of microRNA‐383 (miR‐383) on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and explore its mechanism.

Methods

The expressions of miR‐383 and plant homology domain that refers to protein 8 (PHF8) were detected in tissues and cells by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) or western blot respectively. The miR‐383 group (transfected miR‐383 mimics), miR‐con group (transfected miR‐con), si‐con group (transfected si‐con), si‐PHF8 group (transfected si‐PHF8), miR‐383 + ctrl group (cotransfected miR‐383 mimics and pcDNA‐3.1), miR‐383 + PHF8 group (cotransfected miR‐383 mimics and pcDNA‐3.1‐PHF8) were transfected into HepG2 cells by liposome method. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) or trans‐well assays respectively. The luciferase activity of each group was detected by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.

Results

Compared with normal adjacent tissues, the expression of miR‐383 was significantly down‐regulated and the expression of PHF8 was significantly up‐regulated (p < .05). Compared with normal hepatocellular cell LO2, the expression of miR‐383 was significantly reduced (p < .05) in HCC cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐383 or silencing of PHF8 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. In addition, PHF8 was targeted by miR‐383 and its restoration rescued the inhibitory effect of miR‐383 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells.

Conclusion

miR‐383 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by targeting PHF8, which will provide a basis for miR‐383 targeted therapy for HCC.
Field addresses pros, cons of HEROES Act, calls for more funding for BH
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2020

A proposal passed by the U.S. House of Representatives May 15 would provide $3 billion in emergency funds allocated to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) for states and local communities to address mental health and addiction services during the COVID‐19 crisis. The $3 trillion proposal for H.R. 6800, the Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions Act (HEROES Act), is considered “Phase Four” in the series of stimulus and relief packages following the COVID‐19 crisis.
APA responds to Nebraska senator's remarks about psychologists
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2020

The American Psychological Association (APA) responded to remarks made by Senator Ben Sasse (R‐Nebraska) during an online commencement address May 16 to Nebraska's Fremont High School. The APA said Sasse's remarks were “disrespectful” and ignored the mental health crisis in America. The organization added that psychologists are on the front lines of the pandemic, treating stress and anxiety related to COVID‐19.
Existence and uniqueness of minimizers for L2‐constrained problems related to fractional Kirchhoff equation
Authors: Huang Xiaomeng , Zhang Yimin
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the constrained variational problem with respect to the fractional Kirchhoff equation. For the exponent p<p*(s,N), a complete classification with respect to p for the existence of solutions of the fractional Kirchhoff functional on the L2‐normalized manifold was given. Furthermore, all these solutions are unique up to translations, and our methods depend only on some simple energy estimates.
Circularly polarized defected ground stub‐matched triple‐band microstrip antenna for C‐ and X‐band applications
Authors: Srivastava Karunesh , Mishra Brijesh , Patel Ankit Kumar , Singh Rajeev
Published: May 2020

This article embodies the design and analysis of a novel triple‐band single‐fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna for C‐ and X‐band applications. The proposed antenna covers downlink frequency of C band (3.7‐4.2 GHz) and X band (7.25‐7.3 GHz) for satellite applications. The antenna radiator comprises of F‐shape radiating patch with 50 Ω microstrip feed line. The square strips, slit, and rectangular stub/perturbation are used on the ground plane for achieving the three CP bands. The proposed antenna has −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 50.6% (3.46‐5.71 GHz), 11.8% (6.88‐7.73 GHz), 5.02% (10.84‐11.40 GHz), and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 11.4% (4.67‐5.24 GHz), 3.02% (7.17‐7.39 GHz), and 10.16% (10.84‐11.15 GHz). The peak gain across the axial ratio bands (4.67‐5.24 GHz, 7.17‐7.39 GHz, and 10.84‐11.15 GHz) are 6.23, 2.07, and 2.11 dBi observed, respectively. The antenna is designed on FR4‐epoxy substrate with an overall volume of (0.53λ0 × 0.53λ0 × 0.02λ0 mm3) at a design frequency of 5 GHz. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna have been validated and minor deviation (2.2%, 0.13%, and 0.02% at center frequencies of 4.6, 7.31, and 11.12 GHz, respectively) between simulated and measured results has been observed.
Improving isolation of dual‐polarized antenna arrays using phase difference
Authors: Choi Hwan‐Gi , Choi Hak‐Keun
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a dual‐polarized antenna that can be used in the 1.7‐2.17 GHz band is proposed. The proposed antenna is a dual‐polarized antenna with parasitic element; it has improved isolation property. The isolation of antenna arrays appears as a synthesis of the isolation of single element and the isolation of adjacent element. The isolation of the antenna array was improved by placing a parasitic element in front of the element so that the isolation signal of a single element and the isolation signal of the adjacent element would cancel each other out. The proposed antenna has a return loss of −15.4 dB or less and an isolation of 31.25 dB or more in the service band, and a gain of 10.87 dBi or higher in the measurement frequency. The proposed antenna is expected to be usable as a dual‐polarized antenna.
The Display Industry Awards: Honoring Creativity at Its Best
Authors:   The Editorial Staff
Published: May 2020

Representing a wide range of display technologies, the 2020 Display Industry Award winners embody the profound level of innovation within the industry and exemplify how crucial displays have become to nearly every aspect of daily life.
Bringing True Colors to MicroLED Displays
Authors: Steinel Tobias , Wolf Martin
Published: May 2020

Although microLED displays are a promising technology, they pose new challenges for metrology. Here, two authors from Instrument Systems show how an imaging light measurement device made of a 150‐megapixel RGB sensor and a high‐end spectroradiometer can provide faster and more accurate microLED measurements.
High‐Index Glass Wafers Open a Path to Mass‐Marketing AR Glasses
Authors: Sprengard Rüdiger
Published: May 2020

A key performance indicator of augmented reality's readiness for mass‐market adoption is the development of a wider field of view in AR hardware. Here, we take a closer look at some of the advances in materials and processes that make it possible.
The Outlook for OLED Remains Bright
Authors: Young Ross
Published: May 2020

Driven, in part, by LCDs’ price declines and overcapacity and innovation in the OLED space, the outlook for OLED manufacturing continues to be promising.
ONE‐DAY SYMPOSIUM EXPLORES EMERGING DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kykta Martin , Baron Peter , Iboshi Larry , Abileah Adi
Published: May 2020

Now in its 15th year, the Los Angeles Chapter's One‐Day Symposium has long been viewed as a can't‐miss event for technical learning. Here, we round up highlights from the 2020 conference held February 21, in Costa Mesa, California.
The Mitigating Effect of Phentermine and Topiramate on Weight Regain After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Istfan Nawfal W. , Anderson Wendy A. , Hess Donald T. , Yu Liqun , Carmine Brian , Apovian Caroline M.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Weight regain (WR) after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) starts to occur 2 years after surgery, ultimately affecting at least 25% of patients. A limited number of studies have evaluated the impact of antiobesity medications (AOMs) on this phenomenon.

Methods

This study reviewed the electronic medical records of 1,196 patients who underwent RYGB between 2004 and 2015. WR was evaluated by comparing each patient’s weight during subsequent postoperative office visits to nadir weight (lowest weight after RYGB, n = 760), taking into consideration the interval during which WR occurred. Patients who were prescribed AOMs and came to follow‐up visits were classified as adherent users, whereas those who missed their follow‐up visits were considered nonadherent. This study used a linear mixed model, Cox regression, and generalized equation estimator to determine the impact of AOMs on WR trajectory, hazard ratio for time to event, and odds ratio for repeated event occurrence, respectively.

Results

Despite the lack of a unified protocol for using AOMs, the three statistical models converged to show that phentermine and topiramate, used individually or in combination, can significantly reduce WR after RYGB.

Conclusions

Phentermine and topiramate are effective in mitigating WR after RYGB. Further studies are needed to help ascertain optimal use of AOMs after bariatric surgery.
Prenatal evaluation and postnatal outcomes of fetal ovarian cysts
Authors: Chen Lu , Hu Ying , Hu Chanchan , Wen Hong
Published: May 2020

To evaluate the natural history and outcome of cases of fetal ovarian cyst under conservative prenatal treatment.

A retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with fetal ovarian cysts was conducted between January 2008 to December 2016. Data including clinical data, sonographic feature and postnatal outcomes were obtained.

One hundred and two cases were included for statistical analysis. The rate of spontaneous resolution was significantly higher among cases with simple than complex cysts (70/92 or 76.1% vs 2/10 or 20%, P < .01) and for cysts <4 cm than cysts ≥4 cm (50/56 or 89.3% vs 22/46 or 47.8%, P < .01). Ovarian torsion was confirmed in 5/102 (4.9%) cases; neither prenatal characteristics of cysts (complex: 2/10 or 20% vs simple: 3/92 or 3.3%, P = .07), nor their size (≥40 mm: 4/46 or 8.7% vs < 40 mm: 1/56 or 1.8%, P = .17) was predictive for ovarian torsion. 25/102 (24.5%) of cysts change in size or sonographic characteristics prenatally. Half of the complex cysts at the last prenatal scan are not ovarian in origin. 98/102 neonates (96.1%) were able to preserve both ovaries.

Spontaneous resolution of ovarian cysts is predicted by cyst size and characteristics, whereas likelihood of torsion cannot be predicted.
Co‐creating better healthcare experiences for First Nations children and youth: The FIRST approach emerges from Two‐Eyed seeing
Authors: Latimer Margot , Sylliboy John R. , Francis Julie , Amey Sharon , Rudderham Sharon , Finley G. Allen. , MacLeod Emily , Paul Kara
Published: May 2020

To achieve health, Indigenous people seek a life that balances mental, spiritual, emotional, and physical wellness, yet the scope of these four dimensions is not typically considered in the Western‐based health system. Indigenous people experience ongoing pain and hurt in all these dimensions as a result of a colonial legacy that persists in current‐day policy and care contexts. Exploring ways to support Indigenous people to embrace ways of being well and reducing chronic pain has not been a priority area in health research. This community‐based, qualitative study in four First Nations communities involved conversation sessions with 188 First Nations children, youth, parents, and Elders and 32 professionals who practice in those communities. The purpose was to gather perspectives related to pain expression, care experiences, and the strategies to improve the healthcare encounter. Thematic analysis was used to identify a more culturally thoughtful approach for clinicians to consider when First Nations people seek care. Two‐Eyed Seeing consisting of four iterative steps was used to co‐create the FIRST approach validating for community members that their perspectives were heard and providing a clinical approach for culturally safe practices with children, youth, and families. An overarching theme in the results was a clearer understanding about how pain and hurt translate into participants' health experiences and their desire to have their knowledge reflected in their health care. Participants describe experiencing pain and hurt in all four dimensions of health and from a historical, cultural, and spiritual identity, as well as from a community, family, and individual perspective. The FIRST approach captures Indigenous knowledge relating to Family, Information, Relationship, Safe‐Space, and Two‐Eyed treatment in the healthcare encounter. Considerations of this approach in clinical practice could enhance respectful and trusting relationships, knowledge exchange for better care experiences, and potentially improvement of culturally sensitive outcomes for Indigenous people.
Effect of the topology on the antibacterial activity of cationic polythioether synthesized by all‐click chemistry
Authors: Zheng Yaochen , Liu Jian , Guo Yan , Zhang Qian , Gao Xuan , Gao Zhengguo , He Tao , Ban Qingfu
Published: May 2020

Cationic compounds often serve as antibacterial materials for a wide range of applications. However, the relationship of topology−antibacterial activity has been rarely revealed. Herein, three cationic polythioethers (CPTEs) with hyperbranched topologies are well designed and facilely synthesized via an all‐click chemistry strategy (including thiol‐ene and epoxy‐amine additions). These as‐prepared CPTEs were found to exhibited outstanding antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations against E. coli of 7.3, 14.6, and 14.6 μg ml−1, and against S. aureus of 14.6, 29.2, and 29.2 μg ml−1, respectively. The antibacterial activity is coincident with their degree of branching (DB, their DB values of 0.81, 0.48, and 0.27), which is mainly attributed to the inherent three‐dimensional structure. The present strategy reveals the relationship of polymer topology and antibacterial activity, providing a novel possibility for designing and/or synthesis of high‐efficiency antibacterial agents.
An apple a day won't keep the doctor away: presentation, treatment, and outcome in pediatric apple aspirations
Authors: Zychlinsky Scharff Anna , Schwerk Nicolaus , Baumann Ulrich , Burmester Helen , Carlens Julia , Dopfer Christian , Grewendorf Simon , Mueller Carsten , Schütz Katharina , Voelker Marc , Hansen Gesine , Happle Christine , Wetzke Martin
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Foreign body (FB) aspiration is a frequent and preventable source of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under 4 years of age. Few comprehensive studies exist on presentation and outcome of apple aspirations in children.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis of bronchoscopy records of a tertiary medical care center from January 2007 to August 2019, we identified pediatric cases of suspected apple aspirations.

Results

A total of 11 suspected apple aspirations were identified (observation time 12.7 years, n = 5858 bronchoscopies, n = 226 interventions due to suspected FB aspirations in total). The mean age of patients was 24 months (standard error mean, 7 months; range, 8‐83 months), and 6 out of 11 cases (55%) were male. Bronchoscopy confirmed apple aspiration in n = 6/11 cases (55%). In n = 2/11 cases (18%), a bite of the apple was located in the esophagus causing significant tracheal narrowing, and in n = 3/11 cases (27%), no FB was found. In all cases of airway FB identification, extraction was successful. Hypersalivation was associated with esophageal FB location, whereas persistent cough, stridor, or dyspnea were associated with airway FB location. Outcomes ranged from complete reconstitution 1 day after bronchoscopy in most cases to hypoxemia with severe brain damage in one patient.

Discussion

This analysis shows that apple aspirations are not entirely uncommon in children and may lead to disastrous complications. Typical signs of airway location are persistent cough, stridor or dyspnea, whereas hypersalivation may point toward an esophageal location. In each case of suspected apple aspiration, timely bronchoscopy with possible FB extraction should be performed by an experienced team.
A Novel Physiologically Based Model of Creatinine Renal Disposition to Integrate Current Knowledge of Systems Parameters and Clinical Observations
Authors: Scotcher Daniel , Arya Vikram , Yang Xinning , Zhao Ping , Zhang Lei , Huang Shiew‐Mei , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Galetin Aleksandra
Published: May 2020

Creatinine is the most common clinical biomarker of renal function. As a substrate for renal transporters, its secretion is susceptible to inhibition by drugs, resulting in transient increase in serum creatinine and false impression of damage to kidney. Novel physiologically based models for creatinine were developed here and (dis)qualified in a stepwise manner until consistency with clinical data. Data from a matrix of studies were integrated, including systems data (common to all models), proteomics‐informed in vitro–in vivo extrapolation of all relevant transporter clearances, exogenous administration of creatinine (to estimate endogenous synthesis rate), and inhibition of different renal transporters (11 perpetrator drugs considered for qualification during creatinine model development and verification on independent data sets). The proteomics‐informed bottom‐up approach resulted in the underprediction of creatinine renal secretion. Subsequently, creatinine‐trimethoprim clinical data were used to inform key model parameters in a reverse translation manner, highlighting best practices and challenges for middle‐out optimization of mechanistic models.
Review colleagues’ lessons learned for managing impact of COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2020

The COVID‐19 crisis sent student affairs hurtling into a whole new realm. And it happened so completely out of the blue that there was little time to prepare, and nothing to compare it to. But student affairs professionals have always excelled at adapting, even thriving, under stressful conditions, while making sure to lead their students and staff to succeed right along with them. And that's proven true once again during this crisis.
Support online students during campus closures
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2020

Students may have left your campus due to the COVID‐19 crisis, but they still need your support to succeed — now more than ever. To help student affairs professionals provide students with that support during campus closures, NASPA: Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education presented a webinar featuring Alicia Battle, Assistant Professor and Director of the Online Master of Public Health Program at Tulane University; Jaimie Hoffman, Ed.D., Vice President for Student Affairs at Noodle Partners, which produces and runs online and hybrid higher ed programs; and James McGhee, Assistant Dean of Students at Randolph‐Macon College.
Did university violate student's right to due process?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: May 2020

The plaintiff had been regularly taking Ritalin for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder since he was six years old. However, his medication was changed only weeks before he began his second year at Northeast Ohio Medical University in September 2015.
Configuring Prospective Sensations: Experimenters Preparing Participants for What They Might Feel
Authors: Edmonds David Matthew , Greiffenhagen Christian
Published: May 2020

Using video recordings of the setup phase of cognitive neuroscience experiments, we examine episodes where experimenters show and tell participants how a particular tool (a “blunt needle”) will be used and how that might feel. We analyze how experimenters describe and demonstrate prospective sensations for participants. We show that experimenters often describe sensations “by negation” (saying what participants will not experience) and sometimes “indirectly” (for example, by formulating what they will do). We show that these descriptions are elaborated through demonstrations of sensations, both on the experimenters' and the participants' bodies. Importantly, we document how the interplay of the description and demonstration of sensations is important in reassuring participants about the nonharmful nature of the tool and its
use.
The effect of solid‐phase composition on the drying behavior of Markermeer sediment
Authors: Barciela‐Rial Maria , van Paassen Leon A. , Griffioen Jasper , van Kessel Thijs , Winterwerp Johan C.
Published: May 2020

We studied the drying behavior of slurries of Markermeer sediments in the Netherlands having different solid compositions. Natural processes such as sand–mud segregation and oxidation of organic matter were mimicked to analyze the effect of changes in sediment composition. Evaporation experiments were performed with soft slurry samples using the Hyprop setup. Soil water retention curves (SWRCs) and hydraulic conductivity curves (HCCs) were determined as a function of the water ratio (WR, defined as volume of water/volume of solids). The sediment remained close to saturation until the end of the experiments. The Atterberg limits reduced significantly after sediment treatment involving drying at 50 °C, rewetting, and chemical oxidation. Furthermore, the oxidized sediment lost capacity to retain water. The SWRCs of sandy and oxidized clays were steeper, and fine‐textured sediments showed large water ratios. At low matric suctions, the water retention capacity of the upper sediment samples containing more labile organic matter was larger than that of the sediment underneath. Clear correlations were found between van Genuchten parameters and the degree of degradation of the organic matter. The hydraulic conductivity of fine‐textured samples with less labile organics was larger. The results give insight into the drying behavior of Markermeer sediment, currently used to build wetlands.
Impact of AnMBR operating conditions on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
Authors: Dagnew Martha , Parker Wayne
Published: May 2020

The impact of solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) in a pilot‐scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was compared with that achieved in conventional anaerobic digestions (CD). The AnMBR was able to successfully digest municipal TWAS at HRTs ranging from 7 to 15 days and SRTs ranging from 15 to 30 days. Increasing SRT in the AnMBR resulted in a significant improvement in COD and VS removal efficiency when compared against CD operating at the same HRT. The VS and COD destructions (35%–50%) observed in the AnMBR were similar to those observed in CD operating at the same SRT but longer HRTs. Operation at elevated ratios of SRT/HRT resulted in the production of a thickened biosolid (2%–3% TS). Specific methane production values for AnMBR operating at HRT‐SRT ratios of 15–30, 7–30, and 7–15 were 0.19, 0.19, and 0.14 m3 CH4/kg of COD fed, respectively, showing a 25% increase in methane production with SRT. A model based upon describing hydrolysis of biodegradable solids using first‐order kinetics was able to describe VS destruction as a function of SRT.

Practitioner points

The AnMBR process was able to successfully digest waste activated sludge at a shorter seven‐day HRTs

Operation at elevated ratios of SRT/HRT resulted in enhanced biogas and thickened biosolid (2%–3% TS) production requiring reduced downstream processing

The AnMBR process produces a particle‐free permeate that might be suitable for side stream nutrient recovery

A model developed by considering hydrolysis as a limiting process can be used to determine design SRTs.
Nanotechnology's application in Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pan Wen , Zheng Xueying , Chen Guiyuan , Su Lanhong , Luo Sihui , Wang Wei , Ye Shandong , Weng Jianping , Min Yuanzeng
Published: May 2020

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking islet cells. T1D, with a long prediabetes period, and the incidence of T1D increases with age during childhood and peaks at 10–14 years. And once it gets overt, it requires lifelong insulin replace treatment. Therefore, the diagnosis of early‐stage T1D and effective treatments are important for the management of T1D patients. The imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on, were applied in diagnosis of the early stage T1D and its development tracking. The addition of nanomaterials, especially in MRI, can improve the quality of T1D imaging for the diagnosis of T1D at early stage and cause less harm to human body. Meantime, among various treatment options, islet transplantation and immunotherapy are promising, effective, and less independent on insulin. The addition of nanotechnology can effectively reduce the attack of the immune system on drugs and cells, making the therapeutic drug more targeted in the body and prolonging the action time between drugs and cells, thus its addition makes these therapy safer and more efficient. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent advances in the development of nanotechnology advances of T1D including using nanomaterials for the diagnosis and immunological imaging of T1D, protecting the transplanted islet cells from immune system attack, and delivering relevant molecules to targeted immunocytes.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Heterometallic Feed Ratio‐Dominated Oxygen Evolution Activity in Self‐Supported Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheet Arrays Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Rui‐Jie , Qi Yu‐Feng , Wang Qian , Wang Jia‐Jun , Liu Zheng‐Yu , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Yang En‐Cui
Published: May 2020

Developing earth‐abundant, highly active and long‐term durable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable and great challenging for large‐scale industrial application of electrochemical water splitting. Herein, in‐situ growth of uniform nanosheet arrays on nickel foam (NF) is hydrothermally achieved by varying feed ratios of FeIII and NiII salts. The feed ratio of the two active metals has significantly dominated both the morphological and electronic structures of the resultant electrocatalysts, leading to feed ratio‐dependent volcano‐type OER activity. The optimized Fe0.89Ni0.11‐BDC/NF exhibits the best OER performance, affording a low overpotential of 220 mV to drive a current density of 50 mA·cm–2 with small Tafel slope of 44.8 mV·dec–1 and long‐lasting stability over 20 hours. The synergistic effect from the FeIII and NiII species on both the morphological and electronic structure modulations have dramatically accelerated the reaction kinetics, responsible eventually for the enhanced OER activity. This work provides valuable information for nanostructured MOFs as efficient electrocatalysts.
Outlook on a New University Landscape in 2030
Authors: Orr Dominic , Luebcke Maren , Schmidt J. Philipp , Ebner Markus , Wannemacher Klaus , Ebner Martin , Dohmen Dieter
Published: May 2020

Reflecting the change in perspective taken in this book, our survey put questions about institutional support, governance, quality assurance or financial issues aside. Moreover, digitization is not only a technical innovation but always a social one as well. This fundamental change of perspective leads to questions such as “What does the learner need?” that universities will have to face in the future. Within the survey, international experts were requested to assess the quantitative success of the different learning pathways, distributing current and future students among the four models. Unsurprisingly, the “new” learning paths were expected to become more important, although the actual prospective importance of these learning paths will depend on the supply and demand for academic studies, allowing decision-makers to rethink the educational designs based on the AHEAD modeling.
The soft quark Sudakov
Authors: Moult Ian , Stewart Iain W. , Vita Gherardo , Zhu Hua Xing
Published: May 2020

Abstract

There has been recent interest in understanding the all loop structure of the subleading power soft and collinear limits, with the goal of achieving a systematic resummation of subleading power infrared logarithms. Most of this work has focused on subleading power corrections to soft gluon emission, whose form is strongly constrained by symmetries. In this paper we initiate a study of the all loop structure of soft fermion emission. In

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 QCD we perform an operator based factorization and resummation of the associated infrared logarithms using the formalism introduced in [1], and prove that they exponentiate into a Sudakov due to their relation to soft gluon emission. We verify this result through explicit calculation to

$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3\right) $$

O

α
s
3

. We show that in QCD, this simple Sudakov exponentiation is violated by endpoint contributions proportional to (C

A

−
C

F
)
n
which contribute at leading logarithmic order. Combining our

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 result and our calculation of the endpoint contributions to

$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3\right) $$

O

α
s
3

, we conjecture a result for the soft quark Sudakov in QCD, a new all orders function first appearing at subleading power, and give evidence for its universality. Our result, which is expressed in terms of combinations of cusp anomalous dimensions in different color representations, takes an intriguingly simple form and also exhibits interesting similarities to results for large-x logarithms in the off diagonal splitting functions.
Sgoldstino signature in hh, W+W− and ZZ spectra at the LHC
Authors: Demidov S. , Gorbunov D. , Kriukova E.
Published: May 2020

Abstract

In a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model of particle physics (SM) with low scale of supersymmetry breaking, sgoldstino of (sub)TeV mass can be observed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as a peak in diboson mass spectra. Moreover, as a singlet with respect to the SM gauge group, scalar sgoldstino can mix with the SM-like Higgs boson and interfere in all neutral channels providing with the promising signatures of new physics if superpartners are heavy. Sgoldstino couplings to the SM particles are determined by the pattern of soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. Here we concentrate on the cases with a noticeable sgoldstino contribution to di-Higgs channel. Having found a phenomenologically viable region in the model parameter space where scalar sgoldstino, produced at the LHC in gluon fusion, decays into a pair of the lightest Higgs boson we give predictions for corresponding cross section. Using the results of the LHC searches for scalar resonances we place bounds on the supersymmetry breaking scale

$$ \sqrt{F} $$

F

in this region of parameter space. Remarkably, in this region sgoldstino may also be observed in W
+
W

−
and ZZ channels, yielding independent signatures, since their signal strengths are related to that of di-Higgs channel.
GENERALISED GELFAND–GRAEV REPRESENTATIONS IN BAD CHARACTERISTIC ?
Authors: GECK MEINOLF
Published: May 2020

Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over a finite field with q elements. In the 1980’s, Kawanaka introduced generalised Gelfand–Graev representations of the finite group $$ G\left({\mathbbm{F}}_q\right) $$
G

F
q

, assuming that q is a power of a good prime for G. These representations have turned out to be extremely useful in various contexts. Here we investigate to what extent Kawanaka’s construction can be carried out when we drop the assumptions on q. As a curious by-product, we obtain a new, conjectural characterisation of Lusztig’s concept of special unipotent classes of G in terms of weighted Dynkin diagrams.
Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma: What Method of Reconstruction for Which Type of Resection?
Authors: Gaignard Elodie , Bergeat Damien , Robin Fabien , Corbière Lisa , Rayar Michel , Meunier Bernard
Published: May 2020

Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma (IVCL) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis, and its surgical resection remains a challenge. To date, surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for IVCL with a 5‐year survival rate of 55%. The main challenge is to combine oncological surgery with clear margins and vascular reconstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC). In this review, we discuss the different approaches to vascular reconstruction after IVCL resection, using a prosthetic or autologous patch, direct suture or simple ligation without IVC reconstruction. The reconstruction of IVC depends of tumor location and its extension. We recommend no reconstruction if venous collaterality is well‐established. When vascular reconstruction is required, we prefer prosthetic PTFE graft. These patients should be referred to high‐volume centers with a multidisciplinary team of sarcoma surgeons with cardiothoracic, vascular and hepatic specialties.
Local Intra-arterial Vasodilator Infusion in Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia Significantly Increases Survival Rate
Authors: Winzer Robert , Fedders Dieter , Backes Moritz , Ittermann Till , Gründling Matthias , Mensel Birger , Held Hanns-Christoph , Kromrey Marie-Luise , Weitz Jürgen , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Bülow Robin , Kühn Jens-Peter
Published: May 2020

Purpose

To investigate the outcome of local intra-arterial papaverine infusion therapy in patients with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), and factors influencing survival, in comparison with a conservative approach.

Methods

From 2013 to 2019, patients with NOMI confirmed by imaging were included in a retrospective two-center study. According to different in-house standard procedures, patients were treated in each center either conservatively or interventionally by a standardized local infusion of intra-arterial papaverine into the splanchnic arteries. Thirty-day mortality and factors influencing the outcome, such as different demographics and laboratories, were compared between groups using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression, respectively.

Results

A total of 66 patients with NOMI were included, with n = 35 treated interventionally (21 males, mean age 67.7 ± 12.3 years) and n = 31 treated conservatively (18 females, mean age 71.6 ± 9.6 years). There was a significant difference in 30-day mortality between the interventional (65.7%; 12/35 survived) and the conservative group (96.8%; 1/31 survived) (hazard ratio 2.44; P = 0.005). Thresholds associated with a worse outcome of interventional therapy are > 7.68 mmol/l for lactate, < 7.31 for pH and <  − 4.55 for base excess.

Conclusion

Local intra-arterial papaverine infusion therapy in patients with NOMI significantly increases survival rate in comparison with conservative treatment. High lactate levels, low pH and high base excess, and high demand for catecholamines are associated with a poor outcome.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
The role of internal variability in climate change projections of North American surface air temperature and temperature extremes in CanESM2 large ensemble simulations
Authors: Yu Bin , Li Guilong , Chen Shangfeng , Lin Hai
Published: May 2020

Recent studies indicated that the internal climate variability plays an important role in various aspects of projected climate changes on regional and local scales. Here we present results of the spreads in projected trends of wintertime North American surface air temperature and extremes indices of warm and cold days over the next half-century, by analyzing a 50-member large ensemble of climate simulations conducted with CanESM2. CanESM2 simulations confirm the important role of internal variability in projected surface temperature trends as demonstrated in previous studies. Yet the spread in North American warming trends in CanESM2 is generally smaller than those obtained from CCSM3 and ECHAM5 large ensemble simulations. Despite this, large spreads in the climate means as well as climate change trends of North American temperature extremes are apparent in CanESM2, especially in the projected cold day trends. The ensemble mean of forced climate simulations reveals high risks of warm days over the western coast and northern Canada, as well as a weakening belt of cold days extending from Alaska to the northeast US. The individual ensemble members differ from the ensemble mean mainly in magnitude of the warm day trends, but depart considerably from the ensemble mean in spatial pattern and magnitude of the cold day trends. The signal-to-noise ratio pattern of the warm day trend resembles that of the surface air temperature trend, with stronger signals over northern Canada, Alaska, and the southwestern US than the midsection of the continent. The projected cold day patterns reveal strong signals over the southwestern US, northern Canada, and the northeastern US. In addition, the internally generated components of mean and extreme temperature trends exhibit spatial coherences over North America, and are comparable to their externally forced trends. The large-scale atmospheric circulation-induced temperature variability influences these trends. Overall, our results suggest that climate change trends of North American temperature extremes are likely very uncertain and need to be applied with caution.