bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of layer Thickness on the Power Conversion Efficiency of Tin Halide-Based Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Gehlot Himanshu , Murugan Sukanya , Pokhriyal Sumit
Published: July 2022

In recent years, perovskite-based solar cell technologies have sparked much interest. Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites (OIHPs) are a type of perovskite that has shown promise in various optoelectronic applications. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic perovskite materials is improving with new materials development. However, inorganic materials studied in labs have limited PCE. Lead-free tin halide CH3NH3SnX3 shows good PCE. In this work, we study the electrical characteristics of tin halide as a perovskite absorbing layer in planar heterojunction solar cells with the help of GPVDM solar cell simulation software. A comparative study of power conversion efficiency has been done for tin halide of chloride, bromide, and iodide. The effect of electron and hole drift-diffusion, carrier continuity equations in position space to represent charge flow within the device, Poisson's equation, and charge carrier recombination has been studied in detail.
Assessing impacts of land use/land cover changes on the hydrology of Upper Gilgel Abbay watershed using the SWAT model
Authors: Abuhay Wassie , Gashaw Temesgen , Tsegaye Lewoye
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was to examine how land use/land cover (LULC) changes affected the hydrology of the Upper Gilgel Abay watershed which is located in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Landsat pictures (Landsat 5 TM 1986, Landsat ETM + 2003, and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS 2021) were categorized into LULC classes using a technique of supervised classification, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to estimate the hydrological implications of LULC changes. During the 1986–2003, the result showed an increase in cultivated land (11.7%) and a decrease in forest (39.6%), shrubland (17.5%), grassland (5.6%), and water bodies. While cultivated land, grassland, and water bodies were decreased woodland and shrubland were grew up between 2003 and 2021. While surface runoff (6%) and water yield (1.8%) were increased groundwater flow (37.9), lateral flow (4.1), soil water (1.85), and evapotranspiration (2.2%) were decreased at a watershed-scale as result of the LULC changes between 1986 and 2003. In contrast, between 2003 and 2021, the average watershed surface runoff and water yield decreased, while lateral flow, groundwater flow, soil water, and evapotranspiration increased, owing to the growth of forest and shrubland and the decline of cultivated land. However, at the sub-watershed scale the impacts of spatio-temporal LULC variations on the investigated hydrological parameters throughout the 1986–2003 and 2003–2021 periods were not in the same direction. The findings point to increase plant cover in the study watershed, as well as the Ethiopian Highlands, as a way to reduce surface runoff and boost groundwater flow and soil water.
Cross-border multi-functional, multi-hazard exposure modelling in Alpine regions
Authors: Pittore Massimiliano , Campalani Piero , Renner Kathrin , Plörer Matthias , Tagliavini Fabrizio
Published: July 2022

Extreme hydrometeorological events such as the 2018 Vaia storm increasingly threaten alpine regions with multiple hazards often compounded and with cascading effects. Currently available risk assessment and prevention tools may therefore prove inadequate, particularly for transborder and vulnerable mountain areas, calling for comprehensive multi-hazard and transdisciplinary approaches. In particular, the exposed assets should not anymore be considered a sheer collection of static items, but the models should also reflect functional features. Extreme hydrometeorological events such as the 2018 Vaia storm increasingly threaten alpine regions with multiple hazards often compounded and with cascading effects. Currently available risk assessment and prevention tools may therefore prove inadequate, particularly for transborder and vulnerable mountain areas, calling for comprehensive multi-hazard and transdisciplinary approaches. In particular, the exposed assets should not anymore be considered a sheer collection of static items, but the models should also reflect functional features. In this paper we propose an integrated approach to multi-hazard exposure modelling including both static and functional components. The model is based on a homogeneous planar tessellation composed of hexagonal cells, and a graph-like structure which describes the functional connections among the cells. To exemplify the methodology a combination of static (buildings, protective forests), dynamic (population) and functional (road-based transport system) components have been considered together, targeting a ca. 10’000 km² region across Italy and Austria. A cell-based aggregation at 250m resolution and an innovative graph-based simplification allow for a good trade-off between the complexity of the model and its computational efficiency for risk-related applications. Furthermore, aggregation ensures protection of sensitive data at a scale still useful for civil protection. The resulting model can be used for different applications including scenario-based risk analysis and numeric simulation, probabilistic risk assessment, impact forecasting and early warning.
Benchmarking state-of-the-art approaches for norovirus genome assembly in metagenome sample
Authors: Korobeynikov Anton , Meleshko Dmitry
Published: July 2022

Motivation: A recently published article in BMC Genomics by Fuentes-Trilloet al (2021) contains a comparison of assembly approaches of several Noroviral samples via different tools and preprocessing strategies. Unfortunately the study used outdated versions of tools as well as tools that were not designed for the viral assembly task. In order to improve the suboptimal assemblies authors suggested different sophisticated preprocessing strategies that seem to make onlyminor contributions to the results. We redone the analysis using state-of-the arttools designed for viral assembly. Results: Here we demonstrate that tools from the SPAdes toolkit(rnaviralSPAdes and coronaSPAdes) allows one to assemble the samplesfrom the original study into a single contig without any additional preprocessing.
B21 DNA vaccine expressing ag85b, rv2029c, and rv1738 confers a robust therapeutic effect against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Xu Ying , Weng Shufeng , Zhang Jinyi , Ma Huixia , Zhou Jingyu , Jia Liqiu , Wan Yanmin , Cui Peng , Ruan Qiaoling , Shao Lingyun , Wu Jing , Wang Honghai , Zhang Wenhong
Published: July 2022

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is a notable to accelerate the decline in TB, especially in high-risk populations. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) expression profiles differ at different growth periods, and vaccines’ protective and therapeutic effects may increase when they include antigenic compositions from different periods. To develop a post-exposure vaccine that targets LTBI, we constructed four therapeutic DNA vaccines (A39, B37, B31, and B21) using different combinations of proliferating antigens (Ag85A, Ag85B), PE/PPE family antigens (Rv3425), and latent antigens (Rv2029c, Rv1813c, Rv1738). We compared the immunogenicity of the four DNA vaccines in C57BL/6j mice. The B21 vaccine stimulated the strongest cellular immune response, namely Th1/Th17 and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. It also induced the generation of strengthened effector memory and central memory T cells. In latently infected mice, the B21 vaccine significantly reduced bacterial loads in the spleen and lungs and decreased lung pathology. In conclusion, the B21 DNA vaccine can enhance T cell responses and control reactivation of LTBI.
Coping strategies and associated factors among physically disabled people for psychological distress in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaw Getachew , Amare Tadele , Shumet Shegaye , Mirkina Yohannes , Kassew Tilahun , Abebaw Dessie , Salelew Endalamaw
Published: July 2022

Background: Coping strategies are frequently used among physically disabled people when they faced with adversities. In low- and middle-income countries are not investigated coping styles among psychological distress disabled individuals, despite a high prevalence of psychological distress. The aim of this study was to identify coping strategies of physically disabled people in Ethiopia to enhance the development of appropriate interventions. Methods: an institution-based cross-sectional study was employed among individuals at the University of Gondar staff and students living with physical disabilities from May to June 2021. All physically disabled staff and students were screened for psychological distress (n=269). The Brief Cope with Problems Experienced (COPE-28) was used to assess coping strategies for psychological distress. Results: In the present study, emotional-focused coping strategies are most frequently used when dealing with psychological distress among physically disabled participants. The most frequently used coping strategy was spirituality coping from emotional-focused subscales. In the multivariate analyses, urban residence and stigma were positively associated with emotion-focused coping strategies, and WHO quality of life (QOL) was positively associated with problem-focused coping sub-scale. Urban residence was negatively associated with dysfunctional coping strategy, but WHO QOL was positively correlated with dysfunctional coping sub-scale. Conclusions: In this study revealed that religion is the most frequently used coping strategy among the study participants. Urban residents, stigma, and WHO QOL were factors significantly correlated with a coping strategy. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of health may find the present findings useful for early detection, prevention, and interventions of coping strategies among physically disabled persons.
Crustal model of Lake Van Basin and Accurate Hypocentre Determination of 23 October Lake Van Earthquake (Mw:7.1) and Its Aftershocks
Authors: Akkoyunlu Mehveş Feyza , Kaypak Bülent , Oruç Bülent , Kalafat Doğan
Published: July 2022

We present a one-dimensional (1-D) velocity model of Lake Van basin and its surrounding and precise hypocenter locations by using 23 October 2011 (Mw = 7.1) Lake Van earthquake aftershock data, and the VELEST program which calculates 1-D minimum velocity model from body wave travel times together with station corrections. The study area covers a 180x90 km2 area centered at Lake Van. Ten new seismic stations were deployed after the 23 October 2011 Lake Van earthquake covering Lake Van region by Kandilli Earthquake Research Institute. After merging all available seismic station data in the region, we manually analyzed 7643 events that occurred from 23 October 2011 to 21 January 2015. We selected 1193 well-located events recorded by 16 stations with 48387 P- and 26913 S- arrival times for iterative simultaneous inversion of velocity and hypocenter parameters. During the inversion, near-surface velocity heterogeneity and station elevation influence were eliminated by station corrections. We computed Vp and Vp/Vs ratio of eight layers within 39 km depth with a 3 km thick sedimentary layer. Several tests were applied to ensure the stability of the velocity structure and accuracy of the aftershock locations. The aftershock sequence with the new 1-D velocity model was relocated and a drastic change was observed in the distribution whereas the new locations moved to the main shock area.
The Effect of Music on Working Memory Performance in noisy Simulated Open-Plan Offices
Authors: Kazemi Reza , Mohammadian Mostafa , Mollahoseini Sina , Smith Andy
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of music on working memory performance in noisy simulated open-plan offices. A simulated laboratory environment was prepared to evaluate the effect of music on individuals' working memory when exposed to irrelevant speech noise (ISN) conditions in open-plan office environments. Thirty students (15 females) aged 18–38 (M = 25.27, SD = 6.03) participated in the study. The participants' mental performance was evaluated when exposed to the ISN only and a combination of the ISN and music. The n-back working memory software was used to evaluate the individuals' working memory. The results indicated that the accuracy of individuals' responses to both simple and difficult tasks of n-back (n = 1, 2) significantly increased when music was played compared to the ISN only condition. However, there was no significant difference between conditions for reaction times in the working memory test. Using music is an easy and inexpensive intervention to increase work performance in open-plan office environments.
Pressure-area loop based phenotypic classification and mechanics of the esophagogastric junction physiology
Authors: Elisha Guy , Halder Sourav , Acharya Shashank , Carlson Dustin A. , Kou Wenjun , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. , Patankar Neelesh A.
Published: July 2022

The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is located at the distal end of the esophagus and acts as a valve allowing swallowed food to enter the stomach and preventing acid reflux. Irregular weakening or stiffening of the EGJ muscles results in changes to its opening and closing patterns which can progress into esophageal disorders. Therefore, understanding the physics of the opening and closing cycle of the EGJ can provide mechanistic insights into its function and can help identify the underlying conditions that cause its dysfunction. Using clinical functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) data, we plotted the pressure-cross-sectional area loops at the EGJ location and distinguished two major loop types – a pressure dominant loop (PDL) and a tone dominant loop (TDL). In this study, we aimed to identify the key characteristics that define each loop type and determine what causes the inversion from one loop to another. To do so, the clinical observations are reproduced using 1D simulations of flow inside a FLIP device located in the esophagus, and the work done by the EGJ wall over time is calculated. This work is decomposed into active and passive components, which reveal the competing mechanisms that dictate the loop type. These mechanisms are esophagus stiffness, fluid viscosity, and the EGJ relaxation pattern.
Patterns of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Admissions Before and After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical Study from Istanbul
Authors: Ekinci Özalp , Adak İbrahim , Temel Gülhan , Taylan Gülser , Aydın Zeynep Ece , Gamlı İpek Süzer , Kocabaş Şükrücan , Boztepe Çağla , Karakoç Sevcan
Published: July 2022

Background
Very few studies compared the rates of child psychiatry diagnoses between the initial phase of the pandemic and the pre-pandemic records in clinical samples. This study from Istanbul aimed to compare the child and adolescent psychiatric admissions and diagnosis rates between the first three months of the pandemic, the previous three months in the same year and the same months in the previous year.
Methods
Children and adolescents were grouped according to the admission dates. Group A, between March 11 to June 1 2020; Group B, between January 1st to March 11 2020 and; Group C, between March 11 to June 1 2019. Only clinical interviews and diagnoses according to Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview were included.
Results
The total number of admissions were n = 1052 for group A, n = 5792 for group B and n = 5800 for group C. In the group A; mean age of the sample was 11.21 ± 3.77 (%33 girls), while the same findings were 10.42 ± 3.91 (%34 girls) and 10.02 ± 3.87 (%33 girls) in group B and C, respectively. Regarding the diagnostic groups; Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)/Tic Disorder and Intellectual Disability (ID) diagnoses were found to be higher in group A than group B and C (for ASD, 6.4%, 4.3% and 3.6%; for OCD/Tic Disorder 2.9%, 1.8%, 1.7%; for ID, 3.7%, 2.5%, 2.1%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis was higher in group A than only group B (59.8%, 49.7%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Depression was higher in group A than only group C (4.1%, 2.2%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Conduct Disorder (CD) diagnosis was lower in group A than only group B (3.6%, 6.4%, respectively) (p < 0.005). The diagnoses of Adjustment Disorder (AD) and others (psychiatric problems apart from the aforementioned diagnoses) were lower in group A than group B and C (for AD, 0.7%, 3.1%, 3.4%; for others 3.3%, 12.6%, 9.6%, respectively) (p < 0.001).
Discussion
Child psychiatry diagnosis rates, and related healthcare needs, were found to change significantly during the inital phase of the pandemic period. Children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders appear to be more affected than other diagnostic groups.
Clinical efficacy of different open approaches in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis: A single-center retrospective comparative study
Authors: Wang Tianji , Lei Wei , Wu Zixiang , Xu Huifa , Ma Tiancheng , Ma Zhensheng , Li Tianqing
Published: July 2022

Objective
To assess the clinical efficacy of three different surgical approaches in the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis.
Methods
138 patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis treated by open surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical methods were divided into anterior, posterior and anterior-posterior combined. The hospital stays, amount of bleeding, operative time, preoperative, postoperative and last follow-up ESR, CRP, Frankel score, ODI, VAS, correction and loss rate of kyphosis, fusion rate and complications were recorded and analyzed.
Results
The average follow-up was 66 months. The average hospital stay, operative time and amount of bleeding of anterior-posterior combined group were higher than other groups (P < 0.05). ESR and CRP of all patients were reduced postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant difference among the three groups was found in the postoperative correction angle of kyphosis (P < 0.05), while the pre- and postoperative Cobb angle as well as correction rate had significant difference. The posterior approach could achieve better correction, ang the loss of correction was more in the anterior group, 40.9 percent of patients performed correction loss. The Frankel score, VAS and ODI were significantly reduced among three groups, and the incidence rate of complications of anterior approach was lower than the other groups, with significant difference (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The anterior approach has more advantages and less complications, which is supposed to give preference to and could not be replaced by posterior and anterior-posterior combined approach.
miR-221-5p and miR-186-5p are the critical exosomal miRNAs in bladder cancer induced natural killer cells dysfunction
Authors: Huyan Ting , Li Mengjiao , Wang Chaochao , Chen Wenting , Zhou Xiaojie , Zhang Xuanshuo , Duan Suyang , Gao Shan , Li Qi
Published: July 2022

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, its carcinogenesis mechanism has not been fully elucidated. BC is able to induce natural killer (NK) cells dysfunction and escape their immune surveillance. The present study found that exosome plays an important role in BC induced NK cell dysfunction by impairing viability, and inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cell on target cells. Meanwhile, BC derived exosome inhibited the expression of important functional receptors NKG2D, NKp30, and CD226 on NK cells and the secretion of perforin and granzyme-B. Through high-throughput sequencing, the critical miRNAs with high expression in BC exosomes were identified. Furthermore, after Dual-Luciferase reporter assay and transfection experiment, miR-221-5p and miR-186-5p was confirmed can interfere the stability of mRNAs of DAP10, CD96, and perforin gene in NK cells and may be the potential targets using in the therapeutic application of BC.
Resectable Remnant Gastric Cancer: Worse Prognosis or Unsuitable Stage Classification System? A Retrospective Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Cui Hangtian , Yang Biao , Qin Jing , Lu Zhengmao , Fang Guoen , Xue Xuchao , Luo Tianhang
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Currently, the characteristics, and prognosis of remnant gastric cancer (RGC) were not fully understood yet. The present study aimed to describe the details of clinicopathological features of resectable RGC and investigated the factors affecting survival after the curative operation.Methods: From Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2015, a total of 118 resectable RGC patients (the RGC group) and 236 age-, sex- and TNM stages matched resectable gastric cancer (GC) patients (the control group) were recruited retrospectively. Clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival were compared between the two groups.Results: The overall survival rate was 46.61% for RGC patients compared to 55.08% for control groups (P < 0.01), and the mean overall survival time of RGC patients was 40.23 ± 32.27 months, compared with 55.06 ± 34.29 months in the control group (P = 0.023 after matching). The overall survival (OS) of RGC patients with stage IIb was much worse than IIa (P < 0.001) and similar to Ⅲa (P = 0.463) and Ⅲb (P = 0.014 ), which indicated that the current TNM classification was not suitable for the patients with RGC. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that TNM stage (HR: 3.899, P < 0.001) and metastatic lymph nodes ratio (LNR) (HR: 2.405, P = 0.028) were independent prognostic significance to OS.Conclusions: The OS of RGC was much worse than GC with similar TNM stages, which might be caused by an unsuitable TNM stage classification system for RGC. And LNR might consider a highly reliable indicator to evaluate the N status in RGC.
Scenario-based assessment of emergency management of urban infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: Yuan Pengwei , Liu Huifang , Shi Xiaoyi , Dong Xiaoqing
Published: July 2022

Infectious diseases pose a severe threat to human health and are accompanied by significant economic losses. Studies of urban outbreaks of infectious diseases are diverse. However, previous studies have neglected the issue of how to identify critical events and evaluate scenario-based modeling of urban infectious disease outbreak emergency management mechanisms. In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis and scenario extrapolation using a questionnaire survey of 18 experts, based on the CIA-ISM method and scenario theory, to obtain the key factors influencing urban infectious disease outbreaks. Then, the effectiveness of the urban infectious disease outbreak emergency management mechanism is evaluated. Finally, the actual situation of COVID-19 in China is compared and verified, and the following conclusions and recommendations are drawn. (1) The scenario-based urban infectious disease emergency management model can be used to reproduce the development of urban infectious diseases. (2) The establishment of an emergency command center and the isolation and observation of people exposed to infectious diseases are the most critical key factors in the emergency management of urban outbreaks of infectious disease.
Sampling environmental DNA from trees and soil to detect cryptic arboreal mammals
Authors: Allen Michael C. , Kwait Robert , Vastano Anthony , Kisurin Alex , Zoccolo Isabelle , Jaffe Benjamin D. , Angle Jordan C. , Maslo Brooke , Lockwood Julie L.
Published: July 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches to monitoring biodiversity in terrestrial environments have largely focused on sampling water bodies, potentially limiting the geographic and taxonomic scope of eDNA investigations. We assessed the performance of two strictly terrestrial eDNA sampling approaches to detect arboreal mammals, a guild with many threatened and poorly studied taxa worldwide, within two central New Jersey (USA) woodlands. We compared detection rates between two eDNA collection methods (tree bark vs. soil sampling), and two detection methods (qPCR vs. metabarcoding). Our survey, which included 94 sampling events at 21 trees, detected 16 species of mammals, representing over 60% of the diversity expected in the area. More DNA was found for the 8 arboreal vs. 8 non-arboreal species detected (mean: 2466 vs. 289 reads / sample). Tree bark sampling showed 1.8-3.0x higher detection probability than soil sampling among the 5 most common species (overall effect size: β = 1.39, 95% CI: [0.85, 1.91]). Comparing detection methods for big brown bat revealed 3.4x higher detection rates for qPCR over metabarcoding, illustrating the enhanced sensitivity of single-species approaches. Our results suggest that sampling eDNA from trees could serve as a useful new monitoring tool for cryptic arboreal mammal communities globally.
Less immune cell infiltration and worse prognosis for NSCLC patients with XPO1 copy number alterations
Authors: Li Xuanzong , Li Wanlong , Fan Xinyu , Zhang Dai , Wang Linlin
Published: July 2022

Background: Exportin 1 (XPO1) plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. However, the clinical implications of XPO1 alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are still unclear. Methods: We collected 5792 samples and 5644 patients with both mutation and CNA data from the cBioPortal database. The potential relationship between XPO1 alterations and survival of NSCLC patients was evaluated. Besides, we analyzed the tumor infiltration immune cells in patients with NSCLC harboring XPO1 CNA by TIMER database. Results: The total incidence of XPO1 alterations was 2.8 % (158/5644) in the entire NSCLC cohort, including 95 XPO1 CNA cases, 63 XPO1 mutation cases and one case coharboring XPO1 mutation and amplification. Our results showed that XPO1 CNA were more common in male NSCLC patients (p < 0.001). Importantly, XPO1 mutations were not associated with OS (p = 0.412), but XPO1 CNA was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that different categories of XPO1 CNA were associated with decreased immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: XPO1 CNA was correlated with several immune cell infiltration and significant poor clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients.
Analysis of the clinical effect of femoral neck system compared with three cannulated cancellous screws in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults
Authors: Kuang Ximu , Jian Guojian , Chen Feixiong , Xie Desheng , Huang Yanpeng , Liu Haoyuan
Published: July 2022

Purpose To evaluate the effect of femoral neck system (FNS) internal fixation device compared with three cannulated screws (CCS) in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults. Methods This retrospective study collected the data of 60 young adults with femoral neck fractures admitted to Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from August 2020 to August 2021. They were divided into FNS group and CCS group according to the surgical method. Statistical methods were used to compare the operative and postoperative situation of two groups. Results Patients were followed up for 8 to 20 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the general baseline data, and they were comparable. The operation duration and operative blood loss and times of fluoroscopies in FNS group were greater than those of the CCS group（P＜0.05）；The partial and complete weight-bearing time and fracture healing time were earlier than those of the CCS group(P＜0.05). The Harris hip function score at 12 months postoperatively in FNS group (89.50±2.45) was greater than that in the CCS group (84.60±3.14)(P＜0.05); Overall complications rate (including nonunion, necrosis of the femoral head, internal fixation failure) occurred in the FNS group (3.3%) was lower than CCS (23.3%,P＜0.05).Conclusion FNS has both good biomechanical properties and relatively less invasiveness. FNS can effectively resist shear force, avoid further shortening of femoral neck and accelerate fracture healing. FNS is a reliable internal fixation device for femoral neck fractures in young adults.
A new method to identify the Position-Independent Geometric Errors in the Rotary axes of Five-axis Machine Tools
Authors: Osei Seth , Wang Wei , Qicheng Ding
Published: July 2022

Position-independent geometric errors (PIGEs), caused by assembly imperfection, affect the machine tool’s accuracy. Moreover, the rotary axes of five-axis machine tools introduce more PIGEs during parts machining, hence, the need to identify them to improve the accuracy. However, the identification of rotary axes centerlines and the use of extension bars, using double ball bar (DBB), introduce additional setup errors and uncertainties during error measurements and sometimes make the process tedious. This work proposes a new method to identify the eight (8) PIGEs in the rotary axes of a five-axis machine tool with a tilting table. The homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) was used to construct the relative motion matrix to the established coordinate systems and then deduced the error model. Three different DBB installation setups were employed for the identification of the PIGEs in each rotary axis using the planar test, the recorded DBB length data was substituted into the model to obtain the PIGEs. The results show that the proposed PIGEs identification method is accurate and can improve the accuracy of the five-axis machine tool effectively, which shows a good improvement in the manufacturing industry.
Natural Convection of Williamson Nanofluid Over a Semi- Infinite Vertical Plate in the Presence of Radiation
Authors: LOGANATHAN P , SANGEETHA S
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes a theoretical study of the effects of incompressible Williamson nanofluid flow over a semi-infinite vertical plate in the presence of radiation. The numerical solution of dimensionless partial differential equations is accomplished using the Crank-Nicholson finite difference method. The impact on fields of velocity and temperature of various types of non-dimensional prominence parameters, such as the Weissenberg number (We), Prandtl number (Pr), and radiation coefficient (R), is graphically illustrated and discussed. A discussion of fluid behavior in the form of isolines is provided. Velocity and temperature boundary layer thicknesses generally decrease as they move away from the vertical plate surface. However, the Williamson parameter appears to retard velocity and decrease temperature profiles near the surface. Moreover, smaller nanoparticles display uniform volume fractions, which reduces the variation in heat transfer rates.
The Formation Mechanism of Epigallocatechin - 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Complexes by Molecular Simulation Combined with Spectroscopy Techniques
Authors: Man Ziyi , Chen Ruihuan , Feng Yi , Xiao Jibo , Yang Hailong , Wu Xiangting
Published: July 2022

The complexes of epigallocatechin (EGC) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was constructed in water-soluble and ethanol-soluble systems to study the effect of EGC on the chemical structure of food harmful substance 5-HMF. The results showed that EGC and 5-HMF can be combined by non-covalent way in water-soluble and ethanol-soluble systems, and the main force was hydrogen bond. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and differential scanning calorimeter displayed that EGC combined with 5-HMF in the form of co-amorphous complexes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that EGC can form O-H...O hydrogen bonds with adjacent 5-HMF molecules. Thin-layer chromatography and in vitro digestive juice assay further proved that no free 5-HMF was observed after EGC and 5-HMF formed complexes. The results indicated that EGC and 5-HMF formed an EGC-5-HMF co-amorphous complexes through intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which could change the stability of free 5-HMF and EGC presents favorable potential for the control of 5-HMF in food.
Mixed artificial reasoning, closer to human?
Authors: Ghidalia Sarah , Narsis Ouassila Labbani , Bertaux Aurélie , Nicolle Christophe
Published: July 2022

AI is now used in many areas of our daily life, however we still have difficulties to make machines interact with our world as we perceive it. Humans mainly use two types of reasoning to grasp reality: inductive and deductive reasoning. In AI, inductive reasoning is possible thanks to the use of machine learning models, while deductive reasoning can be provided by the use of ontologies. Based on these statements, we have conducted a review of articles combining the use of machine learning and ontologies in order to identify the most recent techniques that combine induction and deduction within an AI. This systematic literature review allowed us, after reading 128 studies, to identify three main groups of hybridization between machine learning and ontologies: learning-enhanced ontologies, semantic data mining and learning and reasoning system. The combination of these two types of reasoning allows machines to be better informed about the specificity of our world.
New Targets of TetR-type regulator SLCG_2919 for Controlling Lincomycin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis
Authors: Xu Yurong , Yi Jing , Li Binglin , Li Xiaowei , Gao Yang , Cheng Shuhan , Zhou Qihua , Wu Hang , Zhang Buchang
Published: July 2022

The transcription factor (TF)-mediated regulatory network controlling lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis is yet to be fully elucidated despite several types of associated TFs having been reported. SLCG_2919, a tetracycline repressor (TetR)-type regulator, was the first TF to be characterized outside the lincomycin biosynthetic cluster to directly suppress the lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis. In this study, improved genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (gSELEX), an in-vitro technique, was adopted to capture additional SLCG_2919-targeted sequences harbouring the promoter regions of SLCG_6675, SLCG_4123-4124, SLCG_6579, and SLCG_0139-0140. These results were confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). RT-qPCR showed that the corresponding target genes SLCG_6675 (anthranilate synthase), SLCG_0139 (LysR family transcriptional regulator), SLCG_0140 (beta-lactamase), SLCG_6579 (cytochrome P450), SLCG_4123 (bifunctional DNA primase/polymerase), and SLCG_4124 (magnesium or magnesium-dependent protein phosphatase) in ΔSLCGL_2919 were differentially increased by 3.3-, 4.2-, 3.2-, 2.5-, 4.6-, and 2.2-fold relative to those in the parental strain S. lincolnensis LCGL. Furthermore, the individual inactivation of these target genes in LCGL reduced the lincomycin yield to varying degrees. This investigation expands on the known DNA targets of SLCG_2919 to control lincomycin production, and lays the foundation for improving industrial lincomycin yields via genetic engineering of this regulatory network.
Association Between Occupational Noise Exposure and Benign Vocal Fold Lesions in South Korea: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kim Ji-Sun , Kim Sukil , Moon Tae-Hoon , Park Soomin , Kim Seung Hwa , Kim Subin , Lee Dong-Hyun , Kim Byung Guk , Chang Ki-Hong , Park Jun-Ook
Published: July 2022

Background: Voice abuse in noisy environments can result in voice disorders. However, there are insufficient studies to differentiate vocal cord lesions through laryngoscopic examination for workers in noisy environments. This study investigated the relationship between a history of noise exposure in the workplace and benign vocal fold lesions (BVFLs).Methods: We used Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2010 to 2012. Chi-square testing was used to compare characteristics between two groups according to the presence or absence of BVFLs. To investigate the association between BVFLs and noise exposure in the workplace, we calculated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression analyses.Results: 10,170 participants with available laryngoscopy results were enrolled. Smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, and exposure to noise for more than 3 months at the workplace were significantly higher in the group with BVFLs. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, income, education, and occupation as confounders, we confirmed that BVFLs were 1.52 times more likely to occur in the group with occupational noise exposure (95% CI: 1.157–1.990).Conclusions: Working in a noisy environment could induce BVFLs in workers through voice abuse. Social recognition that a noisy environment is a risk factor for BVFLs needs to be improved, and prevention measures should be implemented.
Low expression of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132H is associated with advanced pathological features in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shayanfar Nasrin , Zare-Mirzaie Ali , Mohammadpour Mahsa , Jafari Ensieh , Mehrtash Amirhosein , Emtiazi Nikoo , Tajik Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Recent developments in genomic sequencing have led to the identification of somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in various malignancies. IDH1 R132H is the most common mutation of IDH1, which affects codon 132 and results in the conversion of amino acid residue arginine (R) to histidine (H). The expression and clinical significance of IDH1 R132H in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have not been explored.
Methods
The expression pattern and clinical significance of IDH1 R132H were investigated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 50 LSCC tumors as well as adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then the exon of the 12 tumor samples with negative/weak positive staining were sequenced by applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
The results demonstrated that the cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H was downregulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues. A statistically significant association was found between a low level of cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H protein and advanced histological grade (p = 0.000), perineural invasion (p = 0.019), and lymph node involvement (p = 0.000). The exon4 sequencing results showed that only one sample was positive for IDH1 R132H mutation. IDH1 R132H expression was observed in 39 (78.0%) LSCC samples.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that low cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H has a clinical significance and is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and progression of LSCC, which can help improve potential treatment in LSCC patients. Further investigations are required to understand the biological function of marker in LSCC.
The effect of filters and varying illumination on contrast sensitivity in eyes with moderate to severe visual impairment
Authors: Abraham Carl Halladay , Morny Enyam , Aboagye-MacCarthy Asantewaa , Ocansey Stephen , Ntodie Michael , Sakyi-Badu Godfred , Dadzie Albert Kofi , Addo Naa Adjeley , Holdbrook Selina , Abu Emmanuel Kwasi
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of filters and illumination on contrast sensitivity in persons with cataract, pseudophakia, maculopathy and glaucoma to provide a guide for eye care providers in low vision rehabilitation.Materials and methods: A within-subjects experimental design with a counter-balanced presentation technique was employed in this study. The contrast sensitivity of eyes with cataract, pseudophakia, maculopathy and glaucoma were measured with filters (no filter, yellow, pink and orange) combined with increasing illumination levels (100lux, 300lux, 700lux and 1000lux) using the SpotChecksTM contrast sensitivity chart. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: The yellow filter in combination with 100lux significantly (p<0.01) improved contrast sensitivity by approximately 6.5% among eyes with cataract. There was also a significant interaction between illumination and filters, with Huynh-Feldt correction, F (7.20, 230.23) = 2.06, p=0.04. Eyes with pseudophakia performed best at 1000lux with or without filters. In eyes with maculopathy, the yellow filter combined with 300lux gave the best improvement in CS from 1.33-1.45logCS (p=0.01). Illumination of 1000lux without a filter improved CS best in eyes with Glaucoma.Conclusion: The effect of filters and illumination on contrast sensitivity is dependent on the cause of contrast sensitivity loss. Eye care professionals must consider the underlying cause of visual impairment if patient specific care is to be rendered.
Autonomic stress response of physiotherapy student in the different scenarios of an objective structured clinical examination
Authors: Martínez-Pascual Beatriz , Ramírez-Adrados Ana , Fernández-Martínez Silvia , Gonzalez-de-Ramos Cristina , Fernández-Elías Valentín E. , Clemente-Suárez Vicente J
Published: July 2022

The aim of the present research was to analyse modifications in the autonomic stress response of Physiotherapy students undergoing a 12-scenario Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE). A total of 86 last year students of the Physiotherapy bachelor’s degree ( 27.29 years (SD = 6.66).; 36 females and 50 males) randomly assigned were monitored during the complete OSCE to measure heart rate variability (HRV) in temporal, frequency, and non-linear domains. The HRV analysed showed a large anticipatory stress response of students maintained during the entire evaluation. The stress response varied regarding OSCE station complexity and demands and the highest sympathetic response was not found in higher emotional scenarios. The autonomic modulation monitoring allows teachers to design OSCE scenarios more adapted to the students, limiting the effect of the stress response to allow a better performance.
Multi-party Non-interactive Atomic Fair Data Exchange based on Blockchain
Authors: Zhan Jing , Li Yongzhen , Zhao Jiang , Gao Wei , Li Bo , Zhao Yong
Published: July 2022

Widely adopted blockchain-based fair data exchange protocol have the following problems in multi-party scenario: 1) in multi-buyer v.s. one seller scenario, the negotiation for data availability verification between the buyer and seller reduces transaction throughput greatly. Besides, malicious buyers can launch DoS attacks to prevent the seller from serving others by requiring lots of data availability proofs. 2) in multi-seller v.s. one buyer scenario where the buyer pays for the merged data of all sellers, current protocols treat this as multiple independent transactions, resulting in excessive on-chain costs. Moreover, current protocols neglect that data ownership establishment on-chain may be tampered since the registration info is in plaintext and submitted through the Internet.

This paper proposes multi-party non-interactive atomic fair data exchange protocol based on blockchain to solve the above problems, providing data confidentiality, transaction atomic fairness, data intellectual property right protection, and high efficiency. Specifically, we propose transparent zero knowledge proof-based data verification guaranteeing the data confidentiality and transaction fairness. With the proof computed once and used everywhere, transaction throughput is improved greatly and DoS attacks initiated by malicious buyers is prevented. Moreover, the agent representing multi-seller is introduced to reduce on-chain costs. Furthermore, two-stage on-chain ownership registration is proposed to prevent eavesdroppers from impersonating the owner. Finally, we implement a POC (Proof of Concept) of our protocol as the BADE (Blockchain-based multi-party non-interactive Atomic fair Data Exchange). Experiments show that, our throughput within 12 hours is 50 times that of existing solution\cite{ref10}. And in multi-seller scenario, the on-chain gas costs of our protocol is reduced by 19.9\%-30.5\% in different seller/buyer ratios. The fairness of data exchange is also ensured by extra gas costs of dishonest party.
Can they stomach it? Parent and practitioner acceptability of a trial comparing Gastric Residual Volume measurement versus no Gastric Residual Volume in UK NNU and PICU’s
Authors: Deja Elizabeth , Roper Louise , Tume Lyvonne , Dorling Jon , Gale Chris Gale , Arch Barbara , Latten Lynne ,   Nazima Pathan7 Pathan, Eccleson Helen Eccleson , Hickey Helen , Preston Jenny , Beissel Anne , Andrzejewska Izabela , Valla Frédéric Valla V , Woolfall Kerry
Published: July 2022

Background Routine measurement of gastric residual volume (GRV) to guide feeding in neonatal and paediatric intensive care is widespread. However, this practice is not evidence based and may cause harm. We explored parent and practitioner views on the acceptability of a trial comparing GRV measurement or no GRV measurement.Methods A mixed- methods study involving interviews and focus groups with practitioners and interviews with parents with experience of tube feeding in neonatal and/or paediatric intensive care. A voting system recorded closed question responses during practitioner data collection, enabling the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.Results We interviewed 31 parents and nine practitioners and ran five practitioner focus groups (n = 42). Participants described how the research question was logical, the intervention would not be invasive and potential benefits of not withholding the child’s feeds. However, both groups held concerns about the potential risk of not measuring GRV, including delayed diagnosis of infection and gut problems, increased risk of vomiting into lungs and causing discomfort or pain. Parent’s views on GRV measurement and consent decision making were influenced by their views on the importance of feeding in the ICU, their child’s prognosis and associated comorbidities or complications.Conclusions The majority of parents and practitioners viewed the proposed trial as acceptable. Potential concerns and preferences were identified that will need careful consideration to inform the development of the proposed trial protocol and staff training.