bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English Corpus Linguistics
Authors: Meyer Charles F.
Published: June 2023

Corpus linguistics is a research method which draws on authentic language examples, collected and organized into 'corpora', or searchable 'bodies' of data. The method was established in the 1960s, and has rapidly developed since then. Now in its second edition, this book provides a step-by-step guide on how to create and analyze linguistic corpora. It has been extensively updated to reflect the most recent developments in this ever-evolving field, and now covers the empirical foundation of corpus-based research, new methodological considerations that guide the creation of a corpus, new kinds of research that can be conducted on corpora, and the most up-to-date information on how qualitative and quantitative analyses of corpora are conducted. Theoretical approaches are introduced in an accessible, easy-to-read way, and the book is illustrated with a wide range of different linguistic corpora, making it essential reading for researchers and students in a number of subfields of linguistics.
Aristotle on Happiness, Virtue, and Wisdom
Authors: Reece Bryan C.
Published: June 2023

Aristotle thinks that happiness is an activity – it consists in doing something – rather than a feeling. It is the best activity of which humans are capable and is spread out over the course of a life. But what kind of activity is it? Some of his remarks indicate that it is a single best kind of activity, intellectual contemplation. Other evidence suggests that it is an overarching activity that has various virtuous activities, ethical and intellectual, as parts. Numerous interpreters have sharply disagreed about Aristotle's answers to such questions. In this book, Bryan Reece offers a fundamentally new approach to determining what kind of activity Aristotle thinks happiness is, one that challenges widespread assumptions that have until now prevented a dialectically satisfactory interpretation. His approach displays the boldness and systematicity of Aristotle's practical philosophy.
What Remains Now That the Fear Has Passed? Developmental Trajectory Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic for Co-occurrences of Twitter, Google Trends, and Public Health Data
Authors: Rathke Benjamin Havis , Yu Han , Huang Hong
Published: June 2023

Objective:

The rapid onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) created a complex virtual collective consciousness. Misinformation and polarization were hallmarks of the pandemic in the United States, highlighting the importance of studying public opinion online. Humans express their thoughts and feelings more openly than ever before on social media; co-occurrence of multiple data sources have become valuable for monitoring and understanding public sentimental preparedness and response to an event within our society.

Methods:

In this study, Twitter and Google Trends data were used as the co-occurrence data for the understanding of the dynamics of sentiment and interest during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States from January 2020 to September 2021. Developmental trajectory analysis of Twitter sentiment was conducted using corpus linguistic techniques and word cloud mapping to reveal 8 positive and negative sentiments and emotions. Machine learning algorithms were used to implement the opinion mining how Twitter sentiment was related to Google Trends interest with historical COVID-19 public health data.

Results:

The sentiment analysis went beyond polarity to detect specific feelings and emotions during the pandemic.

Conclusions:

The discoveries on the behaviors of emotions at each stage of the pandemic were presented from the emotion detection when associated with the historical COVID-19 data and Google Trends data.
Convergent Richtmyer–Meshkov instability on two-dimensional dual-mode interfaces
Authors: Xu Jinru , Wang He , Zhai Zhigang , Luo Xisheng
Published: June 2023

We report the first shock-tube experiments on two-dimensional dual-mode air–SF

$_6$

interfaces with different initial spectra subjected to a convergent shock wave. The convergent shock tube is specially designed with a tail opening to highlight the Bell–Plesset (BP) and mode-coupling effects on amplitude development of fundamental mode (FM). The results show that the BP effect promotes the occurrence of mode coupling, and the feedback of high-order modes to the FM also arises earlier in convergent geometry than that in its planar counterpart. Relatively, the amplitude growth of the FM with a higher mode number is inhibited by the feedback, and saturates earlier. The FM with a lower mode number is affected more heavily by the BP effect, and finally dominates the flow. A new model is proposed to well predict the amplitude growths of the FM and high-order modes in convergent geometry. In particular, for FM that reaches its saturation amplitude, the post-saturation relation is introduced in the model to achieve a better prediction.
Indirect noise from weakly reacting inhomogeneities
Authors: Jain Animesh , Giusti Andrea , Magri Luca
Published: June 2023

Indirect noise is a significant contributor to aircraft engine noise, which needs to be minimized in the design of aircraft engines. Indirect noise is caused by the acceleration of flow inhomogeneities through a nozzle. High-fidelity simulations showed that some flow inhomogeneities can be chemically reacting when they leave the combustor and enter the nozzle (Giusti et al., Trans. ASME J. Engng Gas Turbines Power, vol. 141, issue 1, 2019). The state-of-the-art models, however, are limited to chemically non-reacting (frozen) flows. In this work, first, we propose a low-order model to predict indirect noise in nozzle flows with reacting inhomogeneities. Second, we identify the physical sources of sound, which generate indirect noise via two physical mechanisms: (i) chemical reaction generates compositional perturbations, thereby adding to compositional noise; and (ii) exothermic reaction generates entropy perturbations. Third, we numerically compute the nozzle transfer functions for different frequency ranges (Helmholtz numbers) and reaction rates (Damköhler numbers) in subsonic flows with hydrogen and methane inhomogeneities. Fourth, we extend the model to supersonic flows. We find that hydrogen inhomogeneities have a larger impact on indirect noise than methane inhomogeneities. Both the Damköhler number and the Helmholtz number markedly influence the phase and magnitude of the transmitted and reflected waves, which affect sound generation and thermoacoustic stability. This work provides a physics-based low-order model which can open new opportunities for predicting noise emissions and instabilities in aeronautical gas turbines with multi-physics flows.
Kinetic modelling of rarefied gas flows with radiation
Authors: Li Qi , Zeng Jianan , Huang Zemin , Wu Lei
Published: June 2023

Two kinetic models are proposed for high-temperature rarefied (or non-equilibrium) gas flows with internal degrees of freedom and radiation. One of the models uses the Boltzmann collision operator to model the translational motion of gas molecules, which has the ability to capture the influence of intermolecular potentials, while the other adopts the relaxation time approximations, which has higher computational efficiency. In our kinetic model equations, not only the transport coefficients such as the shear/bulk viscosity and thermal conductivity but also their underlying relaxation processes are recovered. The non-equilibrium dynamics of gas flow and radiation are tightly coupled, where the transport properties of gas molecules and photons are correlatively dependent. The proposed kinetic models are validated by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method in several non-radiative rarefied gas flows (e.g. the normal shock wave, Fourier flow, Couette flow and the creep flow driven by the Maxwell demon), and the experimental data of planar heat transfer and normal shock waves in nitrogen. Then, the rarefied gas flows with strong radiation are studied based on the kinetic models, not only in the above one-dimensional gas flows, but also in the two-dimensional radiative hypersonic flow passing a cylinder. The characteristics of heat transfer in the tightly coupled fields of gas and radiation are systematically investigated, particularly the influence of the non-equilibrium photon transport and their interactions with gas molecules are revealed. It is found that the radiation makes a profound contribution to the total heat transfer in radiative hypersonic flow at an intermediate photon Knudsen number.
HERODOTUS 1.51.3
Authors: Solitario Michele
Published: June 2023

This article presents a new conjecture on Herodotus 1.51.3.
LUCRETIUS 6.391: AN EMENDATION
Authors: Kayachev Boris
Published: June 2023

This article argues that at Lucr. 6.391 (icti flammas ut fulguris halent) fulguris is a corruption, and proposes to read sulpuris instead. While the case against fulguris may in itself not be incontrovertible, the advantages of sulpuris include the acquisition of a new Homeric intertext in Il. 8.135 δεινὴ δὲ φλὸξ ὦρτο θεείου καιομένοιο.
OSTRACISM IN MENANDER'S SAMIA
Authors: Brown Mitch
Published: June 2023

This article identifies an ostracism joke in Menander's Samia (364–6) during a climactic scene in which the Athenian Demeas ejects the titular Chrysis from his house. The joke, uttered by a cook who is reacting to Chrysis’ expulsion, plays on the usage of ὄστρακα—broken pieces of pottery—as ballots in the institution of ostracism. The article proposes that the joke references the final abolition of ostracism during Demetrius of Phalerum's reign and reveals Menander's support for the regime.
A NEW TESTIMONIUM FOR NUMENIUS: PROCLUS ON THE ORIGIN OF EVIL
Authors: Abdavi Azar Kasra
Published: June 2023

In the course of examining the origin of evil in the De malorum subsistentia, Proclus reproduces a position that considers the maleficent (world-)soul as cause of evil. The same entity is held to co-govern the material realm alongside the beneficent world-soul. While scholarship tends to associate the testimonium with Plutarch (and Atticus), this survey shows why Numenius of Apamea is a much more probable candidate. The discussion concludes with further proposals for a new edition of Numenius, including possible traces of Numenius in Iamblichus’ On Soul and Porphyry's On the Faculties of Soul.
Real abstractions: Markets, moralities, and social segmentation in modern India
Authors: Blom Hansen Thomas
Published: June 2023

This introduction begins with a brief overview of the three major factors shaping economic life and exchange in India, as laid out by contributions in the edited volume Rethinking Markets in Modern India: embedded exchange, contested jurisdiction, and pliable markets. The overarching logic of all the contributions is that markets in India must be understood as path dependent, that is, expressing a historical trajectory and specific, and changing, political and moral regimes. The remainder of this introduction discusses the origins of the distinction between ‘economy’ and ‘culture’ in the nationalist critiques of empire and how these critiques have led to a widespread moral ambivalence vis-à-vis the commercialization of everyday life in India that persists today across the political spectrum.
The fetish in the market
Authors: Mathew Johan
Published: June 2023

This review article on Rethinking Markets in Modern India1 uses the notion of the fetish as an entry point to consider the rich and innovative arguments put forward in this volume. It also interrogates ‘the market’ as a conceptual grounding for understanding India’s political economy in the past and present.
The Beneluxa Initiative domain task force health technology assessment: a comparison of member countries’ past health technology assessments
Authors: Vreman Rick A. , van Hoof Daan , Nachtnebel Anna , Daems Joël , van de Casteele Marc , Fogarty Emer , Adams Roisin , Timmers Lonneke
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to compare assessments between Beneluxa Initiative member countries’ assessments and identify alignments and divergences.

Methods

A retrospective comparative analysis was performed that investigated (i) number and type of assessed indications (for Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Ireland (IE), and the Netherlands (NL)); (ii) added benefit conclusions (for BE, IE, and NL); and (iii) the main arguments underlying differences in conclusions (for BE, IE, and NL). Data were retrieved directly from agency representatives and from public HTA reports. European Medicines Agency approved indications were included for drugs assessed between 2016 and 2020, excluding veterinary drugs, generics, and biosimilars.

Results

Only 44 (10 percent) of the 444 included indications were assessed by all four member countries. Between any pair of two countries, the overlap was higher, from 63 (AT–NL) to 188 (BE–IE). Added benefit conclusions matched exactly in 62–74 percent of the indications, depending on the countries compared. In the remaining cases, most often a difference of one added benefit level was observed (e.g., higher vs. equal relative effect). Contradictory outcomes were very rare: only three cases were observed (lower vs. higher effect). When assessing the underlying arguments for seven cases with different outcomes, differences were attributable to slight differences in weighing of evidence and uncertainties rather than disagreement on aspects within the assessment itself.

Conclusions

Despite high variability in European HTA procedures, collaboration on HTA between the Beneluxa Initiative member countries is very feasible and would likely not result in added benefit conclusions that would be very different from added benefit conclusions in national procedures.
Use of mechanical thrombectomy in very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease patient with extensive venous thrombosis
Authors: Herron Christopher , McGovern Eimear , Shahanavaz Shabana
Published: June 2023

Mechanical thrombectomy is generally used in adult patients with pulmonary embolism or extensive venous thromboembolism, but it is starting to become more prevalent in the children. We present a unique case of a 3-year-old female with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease with extensive venous thromboembolism who underwent successful mechanical thrombectomy.
The impact of sodium reduction on overall nutrient content in Child and Adult Care Food Program meals
Authors: Gahan Elise , Hansotte Elinor , Lindstrom K Elise , Vaughn Shelley , Cummings Sandra
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To understand the impact of Na reduction on the nutrient content of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) meals served through At-Risk Afterschool Meals (ARASM) without compromising the nutritional quality of the meals served.

Design:

Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP) partnered with a CACFP ARASM programme from October 2016 to September 2021. We assessed changes in Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) food component scores and macro- and micronutrients using cross-sectional nutrient analyses of October 2016 and 2020 menus.

Setting:

ARASM programme sites in Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Participants:

October 2016 and 2020 menus from one CACFP ARASM programme.

Intervention:

Na reduction strategies included implementing food service guidelines, modifying meal components, changing procurement practices and facilitating environmental changes to promote lower Na items.

Results:

From baseline in 2016 to 2020, fifteen meal components were impacted by the intervention, which impacted 17 (85 %) meals included in the analysis. Average Na per meal reduced significantly between 2016 (837·9 mg) and 2020 (627·9 mg) (P = 0·002). Between 2016 and 2020, there were significant increases in whole grains (P = 0·003) and total vegetables (P < 0·001) and significant reductions in refined grains (P = 0·001) and Na (P = 0·02), all per 1000 kcal served.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that Na content can be reduced in CACFP meals without compromising the nutritional quality of meals served. Future studies are needed to identify feasible best practices and policies to reduce Na content in the CACFP meal pattern.
Competing with the competitors in an endless competition: a systematic review of nonchemical weed management research in peanut (Arachis hypogea) in the United States
Authors: Daramola Olumide S. , Iboyi Joseph E. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Kanissery Ramdas G. , Singh Hardeep , Tillman Barry L. , Devkota Pratap
Published: June 2023

Weed interference is a major factor that reduces peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield in the United States. Peanut growers rely heavily on herbicides for weed control. Although effective, herbicides are not a complete solution to the complex challenge that weeds present. Therefore, the use of nonchemical weed management options is essential. The literature on weed research in peanut in the past 53 yr in the United States was reviewed to assess the achievements and identify current research gaps and prospects for nonchemical weed management for future research. More than half (79%) of the published studies were from the southeastern United States. Most studies (88%) focused on weed management, while fewer studies (12%) addressed weed distribution, ecology, and competitive mechanisms. Broadleaf weeds were the most frequently studied weed species (60%), whereas only 23% and 19% of the published studies were relevant to grasses and Cyperus spp., respectively. Seventy-two percent of the published studies focused on curative measures using herbicides. Nonchemical methods using mechanical (5%) and preventive (13%) measures that influence crop competition and reduce the buildup of the weed seedbank, seedling recruitment, and weed seed production have received less attention. In most studies, the preventive weed management measures provided weed suppression and reduced weed competition but were not effective enough to reduce the need for herbicides to protect peanut yield. Therefore, future research should focus on developing integrated weed management strategies based on multiple preventive measures rather than one preventive measure combined with one or more curative measures. We recommend that research on mechanical weed management should focus on the role of cultivation when integrated with currently available herbicides. For successful weed management with lasting outcomes, the dominant weed communities of specific target locations should be addressed within the context of climate change and emerging constraints rather than focusing on single problematic species.
7- and 8-Year-Olds’ Struggle With Monitoring
Authors: Kolloff Kristin , Roebers Claudia M. , Buehler Florian J.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: An often-replicated finding in metacognition research is that children overestimate their performance. To date, only a few studies have investigated the possible effects of item-specific feedback on metacognitive monitoring in young children. This study examined whether first-graders benefit from feedback to improve metacognitive monitoring discrimination when completing a paired-associates task for consistency. Over six sessions, N = 112 children evaluated whether they solved tasks correctly or not and gave item-specific confidence judgments. One group obtained only performance feedback; the other group received additional feedback on whether their performance matched their monitoring judgments. Results revealed that children could adequately discriminate between correct and incorrect answers in their confidence judgments. However, neither type of feedback improved metacognitive monitoring discrimination. We discuss the results against the theoretical background of Efklides’ self-regulation model and the cue utilization approach.
A Consistent Representation of Cloud Overlap and Cloud Subgrid Vertical Heterogeneity
Authors: Lebrun Raphaël , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Villefranque Najda
Published: June 2023

Many global climate models underestimate the cloud cover and overestimate the cloud albedo, especially for low‐level clouds. We determine how a correct representation of the vertical structure of clouds can fix part of this bias. We use the 1D McICA framework and focus on low‐level clouds. Using Large Eddy Simulations results as reference, we propose a method based on exponential‐random overlap that represents the cloud overlap between layers and the subgrid cloud properties over several vertical scales, with a single value of the overlap parameter. Starting from a coarse vertical grid, representative of atmospheric models, this algorithm is used to generate the vertical profile of the cloud fraction with a finer vertical resolution, or to generate it on the coarse grid but with subgrid heterogeneity and cloud overlap that ensures a correct cloud cover. Doing so we find decorrelation lengths are dependent on the vertical resolution, except if the vertical subgrid heterogeneity and interlayer overlap are taken into account coherently. We confirm that the frequently used maximum‐random overlap leads to a significant error by underestimating the low‐level cloud cover with a relative error of about 50%, that can lead to an error of SW cloud albedo as big as 70%. Not taking into account the subgrid vertical heterogeneity of clouds can cause a relative error of 20% in brightness, assuming the cloud cover is correct.
Timing, Thrusting Mode, and Negative Inversion Along the Circeo Thrust, Apennines, Italy: How the Accretion‐To‐Extension Transition Operated During Slab Rollback
Authors: Tavani S. , Smeraglia L. , Fabbi S. , Aldega L. , Sabbatino M. , Cardello G. L. , Maresca A. , Schirripa Spagnolo G. , Kylander‐Clark A. , Billi A. , Bernasconi S. M. , Carminati E.
Published: June 2023

The evolution of the Apennine wedge has seen the time‐space migration of the forebulge, foredeep, thrust wedge, and back‐arc extension phases in the wake of the Eastward rollback of the subducting Adria slab. In this framework, thrusting and post‐orogenic extensional faulting have occurred in two parallel forelandward‐migrating ribbons, with extensional deformation overprinting or partly exploiting anisotropies of the inherited thrust system. Here, we explore the tectonic framework and the timing of thrusting and subsequent negative inversion of the Circeo thrust, one of the major thrusts in the inner portion of the central Apennines, with the main aim to constrain the timing and mode of the compression to extension switch. Structural analysis, carbonate C and O and clumped isotopes analysis, X‐ray diffraction of clay minerals, and U‐Pb dating of calcite slickenfibers have been integrated with seismic interpretation, cross‐section balancing, and 1D burial and thermal modeling. We show that the Circeo thrust developed during Langhian‐Serravallian time. Its extensional reactivation is dated at the Serravallian, during the stacking of an underlying thrust slice, before the onset of Pliocene back‐arc extension in the area. Combination of our data with the age of thrusts, extensional basins, and base of the foredeep infill of the central Apennines, demonstrates that forelandward migration of the foredeep‐thrust system occurred at variable velocities. Accelerations and decelerations are synchronous, respectively, with the opening of the Liguro‐Provençal and Tyrrhenian back‐arc basins and with the interluding quiescent period.
Duration of the Huangling Dome Activity in the Northern Margin of the South China Continent: Insight From Integration of Zircon (U–Th)/He Dating and Thermal Modeling
Authors: Shan Yehua , Li Xiaoming , Li Wei
Published: June 2023

The Huangling dome, which is one of the largest tectonic domes in the South China continent, was formed between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, when regional compression was eventually replaced by regional extension. This raises an issue about whether the dome was generated by compression, extension or both. This study integrates single‐grain zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) dating with thermal modeling to better constrain the formation process of the dome. The measured ZHe ages of samples collected from the dome and adjacent synclines are all younger than the depositional or crystallization ages of the sampled rocks, and the western and eastern dome sides have much older ZHe mean ages than those of the dome and synclines' cores. They make clear the complex interactions between uplift, denudation, and heating processes during dome formation. For simplicity, we developed one‐dimensional heat‐conduction models that cover a wide range of heating and exhumation scenarios (assuming that uplift rate equals denudation rate) within an interval of 152.1–121.4 Ma. These models were solved and searched for the predictions of the measured ages. The best models have a fast decrease in uplift rate with time and a constant heating rate, indicative of an early interval shaping of the dome in a compressional setting.
Changing Nature of High‐Impact Snowfall Events in Eastern North America
Authors: McCray Christopher D. , Schmidt Gavin A. , Paquin Dominique , Leduc Martin , Bi Zhaoyue , Radiyat Mohammad , Silverman Carolyn , Spitz Matthew , Brettschneider Brian R.
Published: June 2023

Snowstorms cause substantial disruption in the eastern United States and Canada each winter. While reductions in annual snowfall are projected over most of this region due to anthropogenic global warming, daily snowfall extremes that have the greatest impact may not decrease in the same manner. We examine changes to two extreme snowfall metrics: the 95th percentile of daily snowfall (SF95, cm) and the number of events during which 10% of the mean annual snowfall is exceeded during a single day (TC10, events yr−1). We explore changes to these metrics in two ensembles of the fifth‐generation Canadian Regional Climate Model, including four 0.22° (≈25 km) simulations driven by different coupled general circulation models as well as the higher‐resolution (0.11°, ≈12 km) ClimEx ensemble, driven by 50 members of a large initial‐condition ensemble of one global model. We find that while mean annual snowfall is projected to decrease over our domain, SF95 is projected to remain relatively constant, suggesting that the most extreme daily snowfalls currently observed are likely to occur even in a warmer future climate. The region of the largest TC10 values exhibits a northward shift, with a larger percentage of annual snowfall occurring during a few large events along the U.S.‐Canada border. These projected changes to the nature of snowfall events may have important socioeconomic consequences in this densely populated region of North America.
Burden of fine air pollution on mortality in the desert climate of Kuwait
Authors: Alahmad Barrak , Li Jing , Achilleos Souzana , Al-Mulla Fahd , Al-Hemoud Ali , Koutrakis Petros
Published: June 2023

Background

Middle Eastern desert countries like Kuwait are known for intense dust storms and enormous petrochemical industries affecting ambient air pollution. However, local health authorities have not been able to assess the health impacts of air pollution due to limited monitoring networks and a lack of historical exposure data.

Objective

To assess the burden of PM2.5 on mortality in the understudied dusty environment of Kuwait.

Methods

We analyzed the acute impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on daily mortality in Kuwait between 2001 and 2016. To do so, we used spatiotemporally resolved estimates of PM2.5 in the region. Our analysis explored factors such as cause of death, sex, age, and nationality. We fitted quasi-Poisson time-series regression for lagged PM2.5 adjusted for time trend, seasonality, day of the week, temperature, and relative humidity.

Results

There was a total of 70,321 deaths during the study period of 16 years. The average urban PM2.5 was estimated to be 46.2 ± 19.8 µg/m3. A 10 µg/m3 increase in a 3-day moving average of urban PM2.5 was associated with 1.19% (95% CI: 0.59, 1.80%) increase in all-cause mortality. For a 10 µg/m3 reduction in annual PM2.5 concentrations, a total of 52.3 (95% CI: 25.7, 79.1) deaths each year could be averted in Kuwait. That is, 28.6 (95% CI: 10.3, 47.0) Kuwaitis, 23.9 (95% CI: 6.4, 41.5) non-Kuwaitis, 9.4 (95% CI: 1.2, 17.8) children, and 20.9 (95% CI: 4.3, 37.6) elderly deaths each year.

Impact Statement

The overwhelming prevalence of devastating dust storms and enormous petrochemical industries in the Gulf and the Middle East has intensified the urgency to address air pollution and its detrimental health effects. Alarmingly, the region’s epidemiological research lags behind, hindered by a paucity of ground monitoring networks and historical exposure data. In response, we are harnessing the power of big data to generate predictive models of air pollution across time and space, providing crucial insights into the mortality burden associated with air pollution in this under-researched yet critically impacted area.
Highly variable friction and slip observed at Antarctic ice stream bed
Authors: Hudson T. S. , Kufner S. K. , Brisbourne A. M. , Kendall J. M. , Smith A. M. , Alley R. B. , Arthern R. J. , Murray T.
Published: June 2023

The slip of glaciers over the underlying bed is the dominant mechanism governing the migration of ice from land into the oceans, with accelerating slip contributing to sea-level rise. Yet glacier slip remains poorly understood, and observational constraints are sparse. Here we use passive seismic observations to measure both frictional shear stress and slip at the bed of the Rutford Ice Stream in Antarctica using 100,000 repetitive stick-slip icequakes. We find that basal shear stresses and slip rates vary from 104to 107 Pa and 0.2 to 1.5 m per day, respectively. Friction and slip vary temporally over the order of hours, and spatially over 10s of metres, due to corresponding variations in effective normal stress and ice–bed interface material. Our findings suggest that the bed is substantially more complex than currently assumed in ice stream models and that basal effective normal stresses may be significantly higher than previously thought. Our observations can provide constraints on the basal boundary conditions for ice-dynamics models. This is critical for constraining the primary contribution of ice mass loss in Antarctica and hence for reducing uncertainty in sea-level rise projections.
Architecture of the ESCPE-1 membrane coat
Authors: Lopez-Robles Carlos , Scaramuzza Stefano , Astorga-Simon Elsa N. , Ishida Morié , Williamson Chad D. , Baños-Mateos Soledad , Gil-Carton David , Romero-Durana Miguel , Vidaurrazaga Ander , Fernandez-Recio Juan , Rojas Adriana L. , Bonifacino Juan S. , Castaño-Díez Daniel , Hierro Aitor
Published: June 2023

Recycling of membrane proteins enables the reuse of receptors, ion channels and transporters. A key component of the recycling machinery is the endosomal sorting complex for promoting exit 1 (ESCPE-1), which rescues transmembrane proteins from the endolysosomal pathway for transport to the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. This rescue entails the formation of recycling tubules through ESCPE-1 recruitment, cargo capture, coat assembly and membrane sculpting by mechanisms that remain largely unknown. Herein, we show that ESCPE-1 has a single-layer coat organization and suggest how synergistic interactions between ESCPE-1 protomers, phosphoinositides and cargo molecules result in a global arrangement of amphipathic helices to drive tubule formation. Our results thus define a key process of tubule-based endosomal sorting.
EEG-based BCI Dataset of Semantic Concepts for Imagination and Perception Tasks
Authors: Wilson Holly , Golbabaee Mohammad , Proulx Michael J. , Charles Stephen , O’Neill Eamonn
Published: June 2023

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely-used neuroimaging technique in Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) due to its non-invasive nature, accessibility and high temporal resolution. A range of input representations has been explored for BCIs. The same semantic meaning can be conveyed in different representations, such as visual (orthographic and pictorial) and auditory (spoken words). These stimuli representations can be either imagined or perceived by the BCI user. In particular, there is a scarcity of existing open source EEG datasets for imagined visual content, and to our knowledge there are no open source EEG datasets for semantics captured through multiple sensory modalities for both perceived and imagined content. Here we present an open source multisensory imagination and perception dataset, with twelve participants, acquired with a 124 EEG channel system. The aim is for the dataset to be open for purposes such as BCI related decoding and for better understanding the neural mechanisms behind perception, imagination and across the sensory modalities when the semantic category is held constant.
Probing strong-field QED in beam-plasma collisions
Authors: Matheron Aimé , San Miguel Claveria Pablo , Ariniello Robert , Ekerfelt Henrik , Fiuza Frederico , Gessner Spencer , Gilljohann Max F. , Hogan Mark J. , Keitel Christoph H. , Knetsch Alexander , Litos Mike , Mankovska Yuliia , Montefiori Samuele , Nie Zan , O’Shea Brendan , Peterson J. Ryan , Storey Doug , Wu Yipeng , Xu Xinlu , Zakharova Viktoriia , Davoine Xavier , Gremillet Laurent , Tamburini Matteo , Corde Sébastien
Published: June 2023

Ongoing progress in laser and accelerator technology opens new possibilities in high-field science, notably to investigate the largely unexplored strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SFQED) regime where electron-positron pairs can be created directly from light-matter or even light-vacuum interactions. Laserless strategies such as beam-beam collisions have also been proposed to access the nonperturbative limit of SFQED. Here we report on a concept to probe SFQED by harnessing the interaction between a high-charge, ultrarelativistic electron beam and a solid conducting target. When impinging onto the target surface, the beam self fields are reflected, partly or fully, depending on the beam shape; in the rest frame of the beam electrons, these fields can exceed the Schwinger field, thus triggering SFQED effects such as quantum nonlinear inverse Compton scattering and nonlinear Breit-Wheeler electron-positron pair creation. Through reduced modeling and kinetic numerical simulations, we show that this single-beam setup can achieve interaction conditions similar to those envisioned in beam-beam collisions, but in a simpler and more controllable way owing to the automatic overlap of the beam and driving fields. This scheme thus eases the way to precision studies of SFQED and is also a promising milestone towards laserless studies of nonperturbative SFQED.
Soluble polymer facilely self-grown in situ on conducting substrates at room temperature towards electrochromic applications
Authors: Shao Xiongchao , Yang Yuhua , Huang Qidi , Dai Dacheng , Fu Haichang , Gong Guohua , Zhang Cheng , Ouyang Mi , Li Weijun , Dong Yujie
Published: June 2023

Electrochromic polymer film preparation methods such as spin coating, spray coating, and electrochemical polymerization, are commonly used.
Inherent area-selective atomic layer deposition of ZnS
Authors: Zhang Chao , Vehkamäki Marko , Leskelä Markku , Ritala Mikko
Published: June 2023

Development of ALD processes with inherent selectivity is the most straightforward approach for self-aligned AS-ALD where the ALD process itself leads to immediate nucleation on certain substrate materials while long nucleation delays on others.
Efficient water-based purification of metal–organic polyhedra by centrifugal ultrafiltration
Authors: Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohara Tomo , Minami Ryosuke , Kunitomo Rin , Ohtani Ryo , Ohba Masaaki
Published: June 2023

An efficient water-based purification strategy for metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) using commercially available centrifugal ultrafiltration membranes was developed.
Introduction to the themed collection on antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Haldar Jayanta , Garneau-Tsodikova Sylvie , Fridman Micha
Published: June 2023

Guest editors Jayanta Haldar, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova and Micha Fridman introduce the RSC Medicinal Chemistry themed collection on ‘Antibiotic microbial resistance’.
Improving the efficiency of ternary organic solar cells by reducing energy loss
Authors: Wang Mengni , Shi Yanan , Zhang Ziqi , Shen Yifan , Lv Min , Yan Yangjun , Zhou Huiqion , Zhang Jianqi , Lv Kun , Zhang Yajie , Peng Hailin , Wei Zhixiang
Published: June 2023

Qx2 is incorporated into PM6:m-BTP-PhC6 based OSCs as a suitable third component to simultaneously increase theVOCandJSCdue to the lowerElossof PM6:Qx2 based binary devices, achieving the champion PCE of 18.62%.
An approach towards (+)-allokainic acid via diphenylprolinol-catalyzed direct cross-aldol reaction
Authors: Mhaldar Shashank N. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: June 2023

An efficient synthesis of kainoid member, (+)-allokainic acid has been designed via diphenylprolinol catalyzed organocatalytic cross-aldol reaction.
I2/TBHP-mediated oxidative cascade cyclization of vinyl azide and benzylamine to construct 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles
Authors: Pothireddy Mohanreddy , Chatterjee Rana , Penke Vijaya Babu , Dandela Rambabu
Published: June 2023

An efficient metal-free synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles has been developed from vinyl azide and benzylamine via C(sp3)–H functionalization and oxidative cyclization.
Self-Reported Stress, Trauma, and Prevalence of Laryngoresponders in the General Population
Authors: Helou Leah B. , Welch Brett , Hoch Sarah , Gartner-Schmidt Jackie
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

It has been proposed that some individuals are “laryngoresponders” (LRs) in that their stress manifests in the laryngeal region and laryngeal functions (e.g., voice and breathing). Preliminary data support the notion that LRs might differ from nonlaryngoresponders (NLRs) in their self-reported past trauma and recent stress. The purpose of this study was to establish the point prevalence of self-identified LRs in the general population.

Method:

Using a web-based questionnaire, participants reported up to 13 stress-vulnerable bodily regions and described symptom nature and severity for each region. At the end of the questionnaire, they were explicitly prompted to report whether their laryngeal region or its functions were affected by stress. Participants were categorized a posteriori as Unprompted LRs, Prompted LRs, Inconsistent LRs, or NLRs. We compared LR and NLR groups on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). We also redistributed the survey to a subset of participants to establish grouping reliability.

Results:

A total of 1,217 adults responded to the survey, and 995 provided complete data sets. Of those, 15.7% were classified as Unprompted LRs, 26.7% as Prompted LRs, 3% as Inconsistent LRs, and 54.6% as NLRs. Unprompted LRs demonstrated significantly higher/worse PSS-10 and CTQ-SF scores than all other groups. Reliability of LR classification was moderate upon follow-up, κ = .62, 95% confidence interval [0.47, 0.77].

Conclusions:

Unprompted LRs described their symptoms in ways that were indistinguishable from patients with functional voice disorders (e.g.,
throat clenches
,
voice gets tired easily
,
lose my voice
,
voice gets hoarse
). The method of self-report solicitation impacted the resulting response. Specifically, the report of larynx-related symptoms differed substantially depending on whether or not the participants were directly prompted to consider the larynx and its related functions.
A review of electric vehicle technology: Architectures, battery technology and its management system, relevant standards, application of artificial intelligence, cyber security, and interoperability challenges
Authors: Macharia Vincent M. , Garg Vijay K. , Kumar Dinesh
Published: June 2023

Currently, there is an increased global climate change awareness, and the world is tending towards net zero emissions. The transportation sector is leading in Green House Gas emissions (GHG). Furthermore, the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels, the need for cheaper maintenance vehicles, more efficient drive trains, and better performance vehicles presents a challenge in ICE. Electric Vehicles (EVs) offer the perfect mobility solution which can replace the conventional ICE in the near future. This article comprehensively reviews the components and advances in the various technologies employed in electric vehicles to achieve efficiency in motion and optimise energy management in electric vehicles. This article gives an analysis of the current EV scenario globally. It then details the different configurations of electric vehicle architectures available. The battery is discussed, and the various electrochemical technologies are analysed. Battery Management Systems (BMS) to efficiently manage energy are discussed. The charging methods, voltage levels, and relevant standards are outlined in detail. The traction motors and power conversion technologies are reported with advancements in electric vehicle applications. Furthermore, this article gives a comprehensive overview of various emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML), to improve EVs' performance through digitalisation. On the other hand, cybersecurity has become an ever‐challenging issue in EVs due to the increasing use of digital technologies. This article thoroughly overviews cybersecurity challenges in EV applications and explains possible proactive measures. Interoperability arising from various EV manufacturers' many different charging designs is discussed.
Mining relevant solutions for programming tasks from search engine results
Authors: Rocha Adriano M. , Maia Marcelo A.
Published: June 2023

Official documentation of software development technologies, for example, APIs, may not be sufficient for all developer needs, so searching on the Internet is a usual practice. Nonetheless, finding useful information may be challenging because the best solutions are not always among the first ranked pages. Developers need to read and discard irrelevant pages, that is, those without code examples or those that have content with little focus on the desired solution. This work aims at proposing an approach to mine relevant solutions for programming tasks from search engine results by removing irrelevant pages. The authors evaluated the top‐20 pages returned by the Google search engine, for 10 different queries, and observed that only 31% of the evaluated pages are relevant to developers. Then, the authors proposed and evaluated three different approaches to mine the relevant pages returned by the search engine. Google's search engine has been used as a baseline, and authors’ results have shown that it returns a reasonable number of irrelevant pages for developers, and the authors could establish an effective approach to remove irrelevant pages, suggesting that developers could benefit from a customised web search filter for development content.
Performance analysis of wireless transmission of compressed images using DCT‐OFDMA system with different compression schemes
Authors: Al Soufy Khaled A. M. , Al‐Ashwal Nagi H. , Al‐Kamali Faisal S. , Swillam Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Transmitting images over an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) system poses a significant challenge. The process entails sending a substantial amount of data, which consumes a significant amount of bandwidth. Consequently, compressing the transmitted image becomes essential to reduce the required bandwidth. The aim of this paper is to examine and analyse the wireless transmission of a compressed image via Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT‐OFDMA). A comparison is made with Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT‐OFDMA), across various subcarrier mapping schemes (localized and inter‐leaved), and different modulation schemes (16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)) using vehicular A, Stanford University Interim (SUI3), and uniform channel models. To evaluate the performance of the system, the minimum Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR) necessary to recover the transmitted compressed image is calculated. This work considers nine standard compression techniques. The results are carried out using the MATLAB simulator. According to the simulation results, the minimum SNR required to recover the transmitted compressed image was found to be 19 dB. This result was achieved when using Discrete Cosine Transform‐Loaclized‐Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (DCT‐LOFDMA) with QPSK modulation and set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) compression method over the SUI3 channel model. Moreover, it was observed that the DCT‐LOFDMA and DFT‐IOFDMA systems attained equal SNR while utilizing the SPIHT_3D compression technique and QPSK modulation on the SUI3 channel model. Overall, the results suggest that the performance of DCT‐based localized OFDMA is somewhat superior to DFT‐based localized OFDMA, particularly when utilizing the SUI3 channel model and the QPSK modulation scheme. Therefore, it is feasible to transmit and receive a compressed image effectively over an OFDMA system with DCT.
KiDS-1000: Combined halo-model cosmology constraints from galaxy abundance, galaxy clustering, and galaxy-galaxy lensing
Authors: Dvornik Andrej , Heymans Catherine , Asgari Marika , Mahony Constance , Joachimi Benjamin , Bilicki Maciej , Chisari Elisa , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hoekstra Henk , Johnston Harry , Kuijken Konrad , Mead Alexander , Miyatake Hironao , Nishimichi Takahiro , Reischke Robert , Unruh Sandra , Wright Angus H.
Published: June 2023

We present constraints on the flat Λ cold dark matter cosmological model through a joint analysis of galaxy abundance, galaxy clustering, and galaxy-galaxy lensing observables with the Kilo-Degree Survey. Our theoretical model combines a flexible conditional stellar mass function, which describes the galaxy-halo connection, with a cosmological N-body simulation-calibrated halo model, which describes the non-linear matter field. Our magnitude-limited bright galaxy sample combines nine-band optical-to-near-infrared photometry with an extensive and complete spectroscopic training sample to provide accurate redshift and stellar mass estimates. Our faint galaxy sample provides a background of accurately calibrated lensing measurements. We constrain the structure growth parameter to S8 = σ8√Ωm/0.3 =√0.773−0.030+0.028 and the matter density parameter to Ωm = 0.290−0.017+0.021. The galaxy-halo connection model adopted in the work is shown to be in agreement with previous studies. Our constraints on cosmological parameters are comparable to, and consistent with, joint ‘3 × 2pt’ clustering-lensing analyses that additionally include a cosmic shear observable. This analysis therefore brings attention to the significant constraining power in the often excluded non-linear scales for galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing observables. By adopting a theoretical model that accounts for non-linear halo bias, halo exclusion, scale-dependent galaxy bias, and the impact of baryon feedback, this work demonstrates the potential for, and a way towards, including non-linear scales in cosmological analyses. Varying the width of the satellite galaxy distribution with an additional parameter yields a strong preference for sub-Poissonian variance, improving the goodness of fit by 0.18 in terms of the reduced χ2 value (and increasing the p-value by 0.25) compared to a fixed Poisson distribution.