bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cell transcriptomic profile provides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development
Authors: Fan Yongliang , Jin Long , He Zhiping , Wei Tiantian , Luo Tingting , Zhang Jiaman , Liu Can , Dai Changjiu , A Chao , Liang Yan , Tao Xuan , Lv Xuebin , Gu Yiren , Li Mingzhou
Published: October 2023

Background

Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes.

Results

Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages (d 90 of gestation, G90; d 0 after lactation, L0; d 20 after lactation, L20; 2 d post natural involution, PI2; 7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation (G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation (L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution (PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populations dedifferentiate into mesenchymal stem cells to maintain the lactation potential of mammary glands for the next lactation cycle.

Conclusion

The molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of adipocytes and epithelial cells were revealed from late pregnancy to natural involution. This cell transcriptomic profile constitutes an essential reference for future studies in the development and remodeling of the mammary gland at different stages.
The role of stigma and depression in the reduced adherence among young breast cancer patients in Hungary
Authors: Vizin Gabriella , Szekeres Tamás , Juhász Anita , Márton Lilla , Dank Magdolna , Perczel-Forintos Dóra , Urbán Róbert
Published: October 2023

Background

The main aim of our study was to investigate the role of depression, stigmatization, body shame and self-compassion in the adherence of young Hungarian breast cancer patients aged between 18 and 45 years.

Methods

In a cross-sectional online survey, data were collected from 99 young breast cancer patients (BC). Participants completed self-report questionnaires on socio-demographic and cancer-specific parameters as well as psychological factors (adherence: 12-item Medication Adherence Scale; depression: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; stigmatization: Stigma Scale for Chronic Illnesses; body shame: Experience of Shame Scale; self-compassion: Self-Compassion Scale). We tested the predictors and mediators of adherence using hierarchical regression, mediation and moderation analysis among BC patients.

Results

We found that adherence was significantly associated with body shame and stigmatization in our BC sample. In addition, stigmatization alone was a significant predictor of lower adherence. Finally, in mediation models, where body shame was a mediator, we found a significant direct effect between stigma and adherence, in other words body shame had a significant mediating effect between these variables. According to our moderation analysis, self-compassion as a significant moderator acts as a protective factor in the linear relationship between stigma and lower adherence.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the importance of stigma and body shame in the development of adherence in oncological care among young Hungarian BC patients aged between 18 and 45 years. Assessment of stigma, body shame, self-compassion, and the improvement of the availability of evidence-based psychological interventions may increase the adherence of young Hungarian BC patients, leading to more favourable rates of survival.
Expressed breast milk and maternal expression of breast milk for the prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oladimeji Oluwatoyin Ibukun , Harding Jane E , Crowther Caroline A , Lin Luling
Published: October 2023

Background

Worldwide, many guidelines recommend the use of expressed breast milk (EBM) and maternal expression of breast milk for the prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia. However, the impact of both practices on neonatal hypoglycemia is unclear. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of EBM and maternal expression of breast milk in preventing and treating neonatal hypoglycemia.

Methods

We registered our review in PROSPERO (CRD42022328072). We systematically reviewed five databases and four clinical trial registries to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT), non-randomized studies of intervention (NRSI), and cohort studies that compared infants who received EBM to infants who did not, and similar study designs that compared infants whose mothers expressed breast milk to infants whose mothers did not. Two independent reviewers carried out screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. The quality of included RCT, NRSI, and cohort studies were respectively assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2, Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies—of Interventions, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tools. Results from studies on EBM were synthesized separately from those on maternal expression of breast milk. Meta-analysis was undertaken using Revman 5.4. and fixed-effect models.

Results

None of the ten included studies was specifically designed to determine the effect of EBM or maternal expression of breast milk on neonatal hypoglycemia. The effect of EBM on neonatal hypoglycemia was not estimable. There was no difference in the risk of hypoglycaemia among neonates whose mothers expressed breast milk compared to those whose mothers did not [RR (95%CI); one RCT: 0.92 (0.77, 1.10), high-certainty evidence; one cohort: 1.10 (0.74, 1.39), poor quality study].

Conclusions

There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of EBM for preventing or treating neonatal hypoglycemia. Limited data suggests maternal breast milk expression may not alter the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of EBM and maternal expression of breast milk for the prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia.
Synovial fluid and plasma concentrations of tedizolid in patients with osteoarthritis infected with Staphylococcus aureus effectively determined with fluorescence detection
Authors: Negishi Daisuke , Mitsumatsu Okimichi , Mitsumatsu Hiromi , Makiguchi Miaki , Shimizu Makiko , Yamazaki Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

Background

Tedizolid is a new oxazolidinone antibiotic with high potency for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other species.

Case presentation

Two patients with osteoarthritis (women aged 79 and 73 years, cases 1 and 2, respectively) infected with S. aureus were successfully treated with tedizolid after administration of 200 mg once daily via intravenous infusion. The synovial fluid and plasma concentrations of tedizolid during surgery in case 1 at day 7 were 2.1 and 1.6 µg/mL, respectively, yielding a ratio of synovial fluid/plasma of 130%. Those in case 2 at day 2 were 2.9 and 3.3 µg/mL, respectively, corresponding to a ratio of synovial fluid/plasma of 88%.

Conclusions

These results imply very similar concentrations of tedizolid in the synovial fluid and plasma of osteoarthritis patients with acute S. aureus infection.
The progestin revolution 2: progestins are now a dominant player in the tight interlink between contraceptive protection and bleeding control—plus more
Authors: Shoupe Donna
Published: October 2023

The interlink between bleeding control and contraceptive development has always been an important factor. But after many years of advances in contraceptive technology, this interplay has resulted in development of safer and better contraceptive methods that often offer significantly less bleeding for women with both normal bleeding patterns as well as in those suffering from heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Recognition of the success of progestin-only methods, such as the hormonal IUDs, progestin dominant oral contraceptives, and the high dose progestin-only pill in substantially decreasing and controlling menstrual bleeding has led the way. This recognition also led to the development of many [non-contraceptive] protocols to stop acute heavy bleeding as well as manage long-term bleeding [using contraceptive methods as well; as non-contraceptive methods].

But even better, there is a new PLUS. The distinct benefit and risk profiles of the many different progestins now available are intentionally being used either in combination contraceptive pills [COCPs] or alone, to add additional benefits, to decrease side effects and risks, and increase effectiveness and bleeding control.
Socio-psychological integration from the perspective of receiving communities: a cross-country comparison between Sweden, Germany, Croatia and Jordan
Authors: Kiralj Lacković Jana , Ajduković Dean , Abdel-Fatah Dana , Hertner Laura , Alkhatib Walid
Published: October 2023

The socio-psychological dimension of integration is based on relations between the refugees and receiving community members revealed through intergroup thoughts, perceptions, emotions and behaviours. This study aimed to investigate and interpret the differences in the indicators of socio-psychological integration among the receiving communities of Sweden, Germany, Croatia and Jordan—countries with diverse socio-economic, socio-political and cultural contexts, histories of inward migration, as well as differently preferred destinations in the migration of refugees from Syria in the 2010s. The contextual differences are reflected in the attitudes of the members of receiving communities towards refugees from Syria, perceptions of realistic and symbolic threats posed by refugees, frequency and valence of intergroup contact, support for the rights of refugees and readiness to assist them, social proximity, perception of refugees’ exposure to discrimination, and the assessment of how much the refugees are a part of the respective local communities.
Safety and efficacy of biological agents in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Chan Justin , Walters Giles D. , Puri Prianka , Jiang Simon H.
Published: October 2023

Background

To determine the safety and efficacy of biological agents used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adults.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.

Data sources

MEDLINE (through Pubmed), EMBASE, Cochrane library, Clinicaltrials.gov, Australianclinicaltrials.gov.au, ANZCTR.org.au and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for studies published from 20 May 2021 and 15 years prior. A grey literature search was performed and completed on 31 May 2021.

Study criteria

Phase II, III or quasi randomised controlled trials, studies with only cerebral or cutaneous lupus were excluded. Data extraction: Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted, reviewed data for accuracy, and used the Cochrane tool to assess risk of bias.

Results

Forty-four studies were identified, consisting of 15 groups of drugs and 25 different biological agents, totalling 16,889 patients. The main outcomes assessed included Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index (SRI), BILAG-Based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) and combined combined/partial renal remission (CRR/PRR).

Four groups of biologics were found to improve outcomes. Anti-interferons: Anifrolumab increased BICLA response and SRI 5 to 8, decreased prednisone dosages, with increased herpes zoster infections, but fewer serious adverse events. Sifalimumab improved SRI but also increased herpes zoster infections. Anti BAFF/BLyS and/or APRIL: Belimumab consistently improved SRI 4, decreased prednisone dosages, increased combined CRR/PRR, and had no adverse safety outcomes. Tabalumab increased SRI 5 at 52 weeks with no steroid sparing effect but was associated with increased infusion related adverse events. Telitacicept improved SRI 4 at 52 weeks, with no increased adverse events, though data was rather sparse. Anti CD-20 monoclonal antibody, Obinutuzumab increased combined CRR/PRR at 1 and 2 years. Anti IL12/23 monoclonal antibody, Ustekinumab, increased SRI 4 to 6, but not BICLA at 24 weeks, with no concerning safety outcomes.

Conclusion

Multiple biologic agents are shown in high quality studies to have a significant therapeutic impact on outcomes in SLE.
The rising burden of chronic kidney diseases in patients with diabetes
Authors: Almomani Ensaf Y. , Almomani Huda Y. , Al-Azzam Sayer , Qablan Ahmad , Al-Momany Abass
Published: October 2023

Background

The prevalence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is higher in patients with diabetes. The American diabetes association (ADA) provides components of diabetes care, treatments, and guidelines to diagnose diabetic patients at risk of CKD. Herein we followed the ADA diagnosis guidelines to identify the Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients at risk of CKD which is underestimated in the region. The study main objectives are to investigate the CKD prevalence and association with risk factors according to the ADA classification, and also to identify the T2DM patients at risk of renal diseases. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted. The data were collected using face-to-face interviews and through accessing patients’ medical records from Endocrinology and Cardiology clinics in an academic tertiary care hospital.

Results

About 40% of the 331 T2DM outpatients were at risk of developing CKD. The majority were in CKD Stage 3, then Stage 2. The estimated GFR (eGFR) values were significantly reduced in the T2DM patients who are; older than 50 years; have diabetes for more than 10 years; and have abnormally high serum and urine creatinine, proteinuria, and albumin to creatinine ratio. Further, the eGFR values were negatively associated with; the duration of T2DM; serum creatinine, proteinuria; and albumin to creatinine ratio.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of the increasing risk of CKD among T2DM patients in the region. Hence, T2DM patients especially elders and those with the long onset of diabetes need to go under regular checks on their clinical parameters to prevent CKD progression.
Study of Cosavirus, Salivirus, and Bufavirus viruses in children with acute gastroenteritis
Authors: Salem Omnia Ahmed Mohamed , El Sayed Zaki Maysaa , Elsayed Ahmed G. , Hassan Ahmed Zaki Mohamed , Mohamed Eman Hamdy
Published: October 2023

Background

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children represents a health problem. Besides common enteric viruses such as rotavirus and adenovirus, new viruses such as cosavirus, salivirus, and bufavirus may be associated with AGE. The objective of the study was to detect cosavirus, salivirus, and bufavirus viruses in children below 5 years with acute gastroenteritis by the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) besides detection of rotavirus and adenovirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Method

The study included 150 children ≤ 5 years with community-acquired diarrhea. Stool samples from children were subjected for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus antigens by ELISA and for detection of buvavirus, salivirus, and cosavirus by real-time PCR.

Results

The commonest virus detected in the stool samples of children with AGE was rotavirus 31.3% followed by adenovirus 24%. Among the new viruses studied, salivirus was detected in six samples (4.0%), buvavirus was detected in four samples (2.7%), and cosavirus was detected in two samples (1.3%). The mixed rotavirus detection with studied viruses was 23.4% for adenovirus, 4.3% for calicivirus, and 2.1% for bocavirus, and none of the detected cosavirus was associated with rotavirus. In the studied children, at least one of the new viruses was detected in ten children (6.7%). Buvavirus, salivirus, and cosavirus were detected as a single virus (0.7%) in the children with acute gastroenteritis and buvavirus was detected with cosavirus without other viruses in one sample (0.7%).

Conclusion

The study reports the occurrence of buvavirus, cosavirus, and salivirus in the pediatric patients with community-acquired acute gastroenteritis. There was a high prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus antigens in those patients with low positivity for buvavirus, cosavirus, and salivirus viruses. There is a need for a large cohort study to study the prevalence of buvavirus, cosavirus, and salivirus in pediatrics with acute gastroenteritis and to validate their association with the disease.
The development of the concept of architectural heritage conservation and its inspiration
Authors: Liang Wen , Ahmad Yahaya , Mohidin Hazrina Haja Bava
Published: October 2023

Over recent decades, heritage conservation has developed in concept and scope. This paper uses a systematic literature review approach to collect charters and documents on heritage conservation issued by UNESCO and ICOMOS, divided into two periods, before 2000 and from 2000 to the present, for analysis from a qualitative perspective. The study results show that the scope of architectural heritage is expanding, and the definition of conservation is changing from individual to holistic conservation and from holistic to sustainable conservation. The focus of conservation has evolved from tangible to intangible attributes. The changing scale of conservation, from object to landscape, incorporates a more comprehensive range of heritage values, and the status of conservation has changed from static to living conservation. This study systematically structures the development of the concept of architectural heritage conservation, providing insight in the international field of architectural heritage conservation and encouraging reflection on the conservation of architectural heritage in historic cities.
Bicuspidization using autologous pericardium for neonatal quadricuspid truncal valve
Authors: Motono So , Higashida Akihiko , Aoki Masaya , Yoshimura Naoki
Published: October 2023

Background

Neonatal truncal valve plasty remains a significant challenge. Several surgical techniques have been reported, but there is no standard procedure. We herein report a novel operative technique for the quadricuspid truncal valve with axisymmetric morphology.

Case presentation

A 17-day-old neonate with severe truncal valve insufficiency developed persistent congestive heart failure and underwent urgent truncal valve plasty. The truncal valve was quadricuspid with four equal sinuses, and all four cusps were hypoplastic, resulting in a complete lack of coaptation. We performed bicuspidization valvuloplasty with leaflet reconstruction using autologous pericardium for this valve. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was free from recurrent truncal valve insufficiency for 10 months.

Conclusions

Bicuspidization with leaflet reconstruction is a suitable surgical option for overcoming neonatal truncal valve insufficiency in cases with quadricuspid truncal valves with axisymmetric morphologies. Although the durability of a bicuspid neo-leaflet using glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium is unknown, this technique is expected to postpone subsequent truncal valve replacement in such neonates.
Accuracy of Surgical Outcome Using Computer-Aided Surgical Simulation in Fronto-Orbital Advancement for Craniosynostosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Recker Matthew J. , Barber Joshua C. , Xia James J. , Markiewicz Michael R. , Kuang Tianshu , Deng Hannah H. , Singh Tanya , Reynolds Renée M.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) can be used to virtually plan ideal outcomes of craniosynostosis surgery. Our purpose was to create a workflow analyzing the accuracy of surgical outcomes relative to virtually planned fronto-orbital advancement (FOA).

METHODS:

Patients who underwent FOA using CASS between October 1, 2017, and February 28, 2022, at our center and had postoperative computed tomography within 6 months of surgery were included. Virtual 3-dimensional (3D) models were created and coregistered using each patient's preoperative and postoperative computed tomography data. Three points on each bony segment were used to define the object in 3D space. Each planned bony segment was manipulated to match the actual postoperative outcome. The change in position of the 3D object was measured in translational (X, Y, Z) and rotational (roll, pitch, yaw) aspects to represent differences between planned and actual postoperative positions. The difference in the translational position of several bony landmarks was also recorded. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to measure significance of these differences from the ideal value of 0, which would indicate no difference between preoperative plan and postoperative outcome.

RESULTS:

Data for 63 bony segments were analyzed from 8 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Median differences between planned and actual outcomes of the segment groups ranged from −0.3 to −1.3 mm in the X plane; 1.4 to 5.6 mm in the Y plane; 0.9 to 2.7 mm in the Z plane; −1.2° to −4.5° in pitch; −0.1° to 1.0° in roll; and −2.8° to 1.0° in yaw. No significant difference from 0 was found in 21 of 24 segment region/side combinations. Translational differences of bony landmarks ranged from −2.7 to 3.6 mm.

CONCLUSION:

A high degree of accuracy was observed relative to the CASS plan. Virtual analysis of surgical accuracy in FOA using CASS was feasible.
Εννοιολογήσεις της γονεϊκότητας/οικογενειακότητας και προσλήψεις των έμφυλων ρόλων
Authors: Ρεζαϊάν Αρεζού
Published: October 2023

Στην παρούσα ανθρωπολογική έρευνα, η οποία στηρίζεται σε επιτόπια συμμετοχική παρατήρηση και ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις, επιχείρησα να διερευνήσω αν και πώς η μητρότητα και οι έμφυλοι ρόλοι στη συνάρθρωσή τους με την οικογενειακότητα/ συγγενειακότητα γίνονται αντικείμενο διαπραγμάτευσης και επαναπροσδιορισμού, όταν αφγανικές και ιρανικές οικογένειες αναγκάζονται να έρθουν ως πρόσφυγες στην Ελλάδα και να παραμένουν για παρατεταμένο χρονικό διάστημα σε δομές φιλοξενίας προσφύγων. Στην προσπάθεια να κατανοήσω τις αντιλήψεις του υπό έρευνα πληθυσμού αναδεικνύεται ότι η συγγένεια, η οικογένεια αλλά και η μητρότητα πρακτικά κατασκευάζονται με υβριδικό τρόπο και συνδυάζοντας στοιχεία που θολώνουν τα όρια μεταξύ βιολογικού και πολιτισμικού. Συγκεκριμένα, για τις Αφγανές και Ιρανές μητέρες, η συγγένεια και η μητρότητα είναι μία διαδικασία του γίγνεσθαι. Με την άφιξή τους στην Ελλάδα, έρχονται αντιμέτωπες με τις δυτικές πολιτισμικές εννοιολογήσεις και αντιλήψεις για την οικογενειακή οργάνωση και τους έμφυλους ρόλους. Οι δυτικοκεντρικές αντιλήψεις επιβάλλονται ρητά ή/και υπόρρητα στους πρόσφυγες μέσα από τους Ευρωπαϊκούς μηχανισμούς του ασύλου και της οικογενειακής επανένωσης, αλλά και τις διαμεσολαβητικές πρακτικές των επίσημων και μη θεσμών προκαλώντας μετατοπίσεις και αναδιαρθρώσεις. Οι οικογένειες των Αφγανών και Ιρανών προκειμένου να αποκτήσουν πρόσβαση στην κινητικότητα προσαρμόζονται στους δυτικοκεντρικούς ορισμούς της συγγενικότητας και της γονεϊκότητας με αποτέλεσμα τη δημιουργία διεθνικών οικογενειών.
Maxillary first premolar shape (and not size) as an indicator of sexual dimorphism: A 2D geomorphometric study
Authors: Natarajan Srikant , Ahmed Junaid , Jose Nidhin Philip , Shetty Shravan
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological form of the maxillary first premolar using 2D geomorphometry and evaluate the sexually dimorphic characteristics.

Methods

The present study was carried out on  standardized photographs of right Maxillary first premolar from 55 dental casts (33 male and 22 females). Nineteen landmarks (based on geometric and anatomic evidence) were marked on the tooth using TPSdig software and analysed using Morpho J applying procrustes analysis and discriminant function analysis

Results

The results showed similar centroid sizes between gender (p = 0.606). Procrustes ANOVA for shape analysis showed a greater dimorphism between sexs (f value of 1.4 ; p value=0.0624).  Discriminant function analysis based on the procrustes coordinates showed an overall accuracy of 90.91 % in classifying sex based on the landmark coordinates with correct classification of  20/22 (90.99%) females and 30/33 (90.91) males.

Conclusion

Shape of the tooth can be measured objectively using geometric morphometric methods which can be utilized to identify the sex of an individual. Enamel covering the crown of the teeth is biologically stable resisting climatic, physical and chemical insults. The enamel is derived from ectoderm and once formed does not change during the life. The tooth's structure and shape are determined by the sex chromosomes, which is well represented as sexual dimorphism. The study evaluates the occlusal and contact area morphology of premolars. These are important parameters considered during restorative treatment, functional rehabilitation and forensic investigations.
Systematic review: Indiscriminate use of benzodiazepines against anxiety and depression in older adults, 2020-2023
Authors: Esteves Ambrocio , Caldas Emma , Cueva Ruben , Rincon José , Collanque Jesús , Martinez Lizeth , Rodriguez Rudi , Esteves Cárdenas Veronica Liset , Ibarra Walter
Published: October 2023

The present systematic review was carried out with the objective of deepening the indiscriminate use of benzodiazepines against depression and anxiety in older adults. Our research question was: What are the characteristics of older adults suffering from anxiety and depression, treated with benzodiazepines? This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The evidence was generated through the bibliographic review of research in databases of electronic journals such as Scopus, Dialnet, Pubmed, Continental Repository, and Google Academic. The key search terms were: benzodiazepines, the elderly, and anxiety. It was determined that both anxiety and depression are mental disorders caused by different physical, economic, social and environmental factors. Likewise, the consequences of the misuse of these drugs were identified, ranging from irreversible cognitive deterioration to dependence in older adults who consume benzodiazepines.
Evaluation of knowledge and awareness of pediatric oral health among school teachers of Hazaribag before and after oral health education.
Authors: Ahuja Vipin , Ahuja Annapurna , Thosar Nilima
Published: October 2023

Background: Oral health education of school teachers will surely have a direct influence on evolving oral habits at an inchoate stage and assuredly help to garner oral health knowledge in children.  The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of school teachers about pediatric oral health and the assessment of the impact of a webinar training intervention in improving their knowledge. 

Methods: A total of 153 teachers participated in the research. A self‑administered, 30‑item questionnaire was designed in the English language and consisted of two sections: the first section included demographic details; the second section included 30 questions on pediatric oral health with three divided subsections as follows: Subsection A (including 7 questions): Questionnaire on general pediatric oral health, Subsection B (including 9 questions): Questionnaire on preventive pediatric oral health, Subsection C (including 14 questions): Questionnaire on clinical pediatric oral health. After receiving Google forms, all the participants participated in an oral health education webinar program using a web-based online education training protocol on the Zoom platform. After this webinar training session, post-training assessment of the oral health knowledge scores was done using the same online semi‑structured self‑administered questionnaire. 

Results: The inadequacy in knowledge of school teachers was evident and they need to be trained in many preventive and clinical protocols of pediatric oral health. However, a highly statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean knowledge scores of school teachers was seen after a 1‑day training program. 

Conclusion: The training method was well received and improved the knowledge of school teachers on pediatric oral health.
Factors Associated with Improving Appropriate Medical Sharps Disposal Practice Among Diabetic Patients Using Insulin Therapy
Authors: Herardi Ryan , Djajawiguna Hafidz Naeriansyah , Wahyuningsih Sri , Kshanti Ida Ayu , Medina Shahnaz , Praditya Lingga Etantyo
Published: October 2023

Background: Diabetic patients are always in contact with medical sharps, such as pen needles, lancets, and syringes. Sometimes, patients improperly dispose of these items and cause needle stick injuries. This study aimed to identify factors that improve appropriate manner in which individuals with diabetes who require insulin therapy dispose of medical sharps.

Methods: In December 2019, a cross-sectional investigation was undertaken amongst insulin therapy-dependent diabetic patients visiting Jakarta's Fatmawati General Hospital. A questionnaire was formulated to appraise medical sharps' disposal methodology. The data gathered from the said patients, including their age, gender, educational level, employment status, length of time as a diabetic, duration of insulin treatment, and receipt of formal medical training, were also recorded.

Results: Of 103 diabetic patients, 77.3% were over 50 years old, 58.3% were female, 68% were a low level of education, 74.8% were not working, 84.5% were diagnosed with diabetes for more than 5 years, 53.4% were using insulin therapy, and only 65% had got formal training on medical sharp products disposal. Nearby 83.5% still recap the pen needle insulin with the inner needle cap after injecting insulin, and 92.2% still threw medical sharps on the street when traveling outside. Approximately 81.6% of respondents stored their unused needles and lancets in a secured manner that was inaccessible to children. The practice score for proper medical sharps disposal increased from 4.5 to 6.0 as a result of formal training provided by healthcare professionals, as determined by the Mann Whitney Test (p=0.001).

Conclusions: Formal training by healthcare workers was the only factor that improved medical sharp products disposal practice among diabetic patients using insulin therapy
Data extraction methods for systematic review (semi)automation: Update of a living systematic review
Authors: Schmidt Lena , Finnerty Mutlu Ailbhe N. , Elmore Rebecca , Olorisade Babatunde K. , Thomas James , Higgins Julian P. T.
Published: October 2023

Background: The reliable and usable (semi)automation of data extraction can support the field of systematic review by reducing the workload required to gather information about the conduct and results of the included studies. This living systematic review examines published approaches for data extraction from reports of clinical studies.

Methods: We systematically and continually search PubMed, ACL Anthology, arXiv, OpenAlex via EPPI-Reviewer, and the dblp computer science bibliography. Full text screening and data extraction are conducted within an open-source living systematic review application created for the purpose of this review. This living review update includes publications up to December 2022 and OpenAlex content up to March 2023.

Results: 76 publications are included in this review. Of these, 64 (84%) of the publications addressed extraction of data from abstracts, while 19 (25%) used full texts. A total of 71 (93%) publications developed classifiers for randomised controlled trials. Over 30 entities were extracted, with PICOs (population, intervention, comparator, outcome) being the most frequently extracted. Data are available from 25 (33%), and code from 30 (39%) publications. Six (8%) implemented publicly available tools

Conclusions: This living systematic review presents an overview of (semi)automated data-extraction literature of interest to different types of literature review. We identified a broad evidence base of publications describing data extraction for interventional reviews and a small number of publications extracting epidemiological or diagnostic accuracy data. Between review updates, trends for sharing data and code increased strongly: in the base-review, data and code were available for 13 and 19% respectively, these numbers increased to 78 and 87% within the 23 new publications. Compared with the base-review, we observed another research trend, away from straightforward data extraction and towards additionally extracting relations between entities or automatic text summarisation. With this living review we aim to review the literature continually.
The genome sequence of the Swift Louse Fly Crataerina pallida (Latreille, 1812)
Authors: Wawman Denise C. , Candelin George ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Crataerina pallida (the Swift Louse Fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Hippoboscidae). The genome sequence is 177.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 21.57 kilobases in length.
Traveling wave solutions in a higher dimensional lattice delayed cooperation system with nonlocal diffusion
Authors: Li Kun , He Yanli
Published: October 2023

This paper is concerned with the existence of traveling wave solutions of a higher
dimensional lattice delayed cooperation system with nonlocal diffusion.
For sufficiently small intraspecific cooperative delays, we construct upper
and lower solutions
under two different parameters conditions. And then, by using the monotone
iterative and Schauder's fixed point theorem,
we obtain the existence of traveling wave solutions.
The lower bound of the wave speed is in accordance with the properties of linear determined.
Prenatal Substance Abuse: a 1-Year Single-Center Experience at a Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: DOĞAN Nazan Neslihan , SALİHOĞLU Özgül
Published: October 2023

Objective: Eight newborns diagnosed with prenatal substance abuse were evaluated for the clinical course of neonatal abstinence syndrome depending on the type of substances used by their mothers during pregnancy.
Material and Methods: A retrospective study of neonates with prenatal substance abuse admitted to our tertiary care university hospital’s Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was conducted between February 2022 and March 2023. Demographic data, withdrawal symptoms, need for pharmacological treatment, and duration of hospitalization were collected. Newborns exposed to substances were divided into two groups: opioid and non-opioid (methamphetamine, Bonsai, marijuana).
Results: Eight infants were included in the study. Four cases (50%) were in the group exposed to opioids. Pregnant users of opioids were older (28±6.73) than non-opioid substance users (21±4.83). The mean birth weight of newborns exposed to opioids (2541 g) was lower than that of the non-opioid group (3020 g). The average length of hospital stay was longer in the opioid group (34 days) compared to the non-opioid group (10 days). All newborns exposed to substances were born preterm (<37 gestational weeks). Withdrawal symptoms were observed in all cases in the opioid group and three cases in the non-opioid group to varying degrees. Medical treatment was required in three out of the seven cases with withdrawal symptoms. All patients requiring treatment were in the opioid group. All infants were discharged in good health.
Conclusion: Substance exposure during the prenatal period is a significant cause of preterm birth in neonates. Many of these substances can cause varying degrees of withdrawal syndrome in newborns. Replacement therapies used during pregnancy containing heroin and naloxone can lead to a more severe, prolonged, and treatment-requiring neonatal withdrawal syndrome than other substances. In cases where morphine and methadone are unavailable, the symptoms of withdrawal syndrome can be managed with phenobarbital. It is crucial to monitor all newborns with prenatal exposure to substances early because it allows for appropriate intervention and treatment.
Multidisciplinary reflections on the NHS long-term workforce plan
Authors: Conway Robert , Majumder Pallab , Muir Nita
Published: October 2023

Three professionals working in different areas of healthcare reflect on the implications of NHS England's first long-term workforce plan for England across acute care, mental health services and the UK's health and care education system.
Exploring the Nexus of Digital Leadership and Digital Literacy on Higher Education Performance: The Role of Digital Innovation
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi , Muslim Abd. Qadir , Setyono Langgeng
Published: October 2023

Industry 4.0 has affected various aspects of life, including the organization of higher education. In the current era, higher education is required to transform themselves from using the conventional way of administration to the digitalized one. The said transformation also includes the services provided and management carried out by the organizations. The objective of this study is to measure the understudied mediation of digital innovation in the effect of the nexus of digital leadership and digital literacy on the performance of higher education. This quantitative research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 234 faculty members of four higher education institutions in Malang City, Indonesia. Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling was applied to analyze the data. This study finds that digital leadership significantly affects the higher education performance and conclusively predicts digital innovation. As hypothesized, digital literacy has a significant effect on the higher education performance and digital innovation, and digital innovation plays a substantial role in the higher education performance. In addition, digital innovation mediates the influence of digital leadership and digital literacy on the higher education performance.
Developing Pre-Service Biology Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge through a TPACK-Based Course
Authors: Bwalya Anthony , Rutegwa Marcellin , Mapulanga Thumah
Published: October 2023

This study investigated pre-service biology teachers' (PSBTs’) technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) development. A TPACK-based technology integration course (TPACK-BTIC) was implemented. The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach. A TPACK survey questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect data from 50 PSBTs. The quantitative data were analysed by computing means, standard deviations, and dependent samples t-tests, while qualitative data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis based on the TPACK domains. Findings indicate that the intervention positively affected PSBTs’ TPACK development with significant improvements in technological knowledge (TK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK) and overall technological pedagogical content knowledge domains. In contrast, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and pedagogical knowledge domains showed no statistically significant improvements. PSBTs’ engagement in microteaching lesson study, reflection on using technology, and collaboratively designing lesson plans improved PSBTs’ TPACK domains. The study recommends that teacher training institutions consider implementing content-based technology integration courses that engage pre-service teachers in microteaching lesson study, reflecting on technology use and collaborative designing of curriculum materials that involve using technology to support their TPACK development.
Study on the detection method of biological characteristics of hepatoma cells based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Guan Hanxiao , Qiu Weihang , Liu Heng , Cao Yuqi , Tian Liangfei , Huang Pingjie , Hou Dibo , Zhang Guangxin
Published: October 2023

Liver cancer usually has a high degree of malignancy and its early
symptoms are hidden, therefore, it is of significant research value to
develop early-stage detection methods of liver cancer for pathological
screening. In this paper, a biometric detection method for living
human hepatocytes based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was
proposed. The difference in terahertz response between normal and
cancer cells was analyzed, including five characteristic parameters in
the response, namely refractive index, absorption coefficient,
dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss tangent.
Based on class separability and variable correlation, absorption
coefficient and dielectric loss were selected to better characterize
cellular properties. Maximum information coefficient and principal
component analysis were employed for feature extraction, and a cell
classification model of support vector machine was constructed. The
results showed that the algorithm based on parameter feature fusion
can achieve an accuracy of 91.6% for human hepatoma cell lines
and one normal cell line. This work provides a promising solution for
the qualitative evaluation of living cells in liquid environment.
Learning Time-multiplexed phase-coded apertures for snapshot spectral-depth imaging
Authors: Vargas Edwin , Rueda-Chacón Hoover , Arguello Henry
Published: October 2023

Depth and spectral imaging are essential technologies for a myriad of applications but have been conventionally studied as individual problems. Recent efforts have been made to optically encode spectral-depth (SD) information jointly in a single image sensor measurement, subsequently decoded by a computational algorithm. The performance of single snapshot SD imaging systems mainly depends on the optical modulation function, referred to as codification, and the computational methods used to recover the SD information from the coded measurement. The optical modulation has been conventionally realized using coded apertures (CAs), phase masks, prisms or gratings, active illumination, and many others. In this work, we propose an optical modulation (codification) strategy that employs a color-coded aperture (CCA) in conjunction with a time-varying phase-coded aperture and a spatially-varying pixel shutter, thus yielding an effective time-multiplexed coded aperture (TMCA). We show that the proposed TMCA entails a spatially-variant point spread function (PSF) for a constant depth in a scene, which, in turn, facilitates the distinguishability, and therefore, better recovery of the depth information. Further, the selective filtering of specific spectral bands by the CCA encodes relevant spectral information that is disentangled using a reconstruction algorithm. We leverage the advances of deep learning techniques to jointly learn the optical modulation and the computational decoding algorithm in an end-to-end (E2E) framework. We demonstrate via simulations and with a real testbed prototype that the proposed TMCA strategy outperforms state-of-the-art snapshot SD imaging alternatives in both spectral and depth reconstruction quality.
Effective third harmonic generation of 355 nm ultraviolet laser based on the borate-phosphate Ba3(ZnB5O10)PO4 crystal
Authors: Chen Yunru , Zhu Xianchao , Ma Shihui , Yu Hongwei , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wu Yicehng
Published: October 2023

An effective third harmonic generation (THG) 355 nm laser in a novel Ba3(ZnB5O10)PO4 (BZBP) crystal was demonstrated. Based on the phase matching (PM) calculation, the BZBP crystal has the type-I PM angle of θ = 90°, ϕ = 73.2° for generating the THG 355 nm laser, with a large acceptance angle of 66.3 mrad·mm and a small walk-off angle of 6.06 mrad. Using a nanosecond 1064 nm laser as the pump source, the THG 355 nm laser could achieve the maximum conversion efficiency of 28.4%, and the highest output power of 0.56 W. In addition, BZBP crystal also has a small weak absorption coefficient of 20-40 ppm/cm and a laser damage threshold of 1.04 GW/cm2. The achieved results indicate that the BZBP crystal is a promising UV nonlinear optical material due to its short absorption edge (180 nm), small walk-off effect, large acceptance angle, and non-hygroscopicity.
‘Through the drawings…they are able to tell you straight’: Using arts-based methods in violence research in South Africa
Authors: Woollett Nataly , Christofides Nicola , Franchino-Olsen Hannabeth , Silima Mpho , Fouche Ansie , Meinck Franziska
Published: October 2023

Arts-based methods are underutilized in violence research and may offer improved means of understanding these phenomena; but little is known about their value, especially in low-resource settings. A pilot study using a cross sectional sample was conducted in rural South Africa to determine the feasibility and acceptability of using arts-based methods in research with adults and children, in preparation for a longitudinal multigenerational cohort study on mechanisms that underly the intergenerational transmission of violence. Four arts-based methods were piloted with young adults aged 22–30 years (n = 29), children aged 4–7 years (n = 21) and former caregivers of the young adults aged 40–69 years (n = 11). A sample of qualitative interviews were audio recorded and transcribed (child n = 15, adults n = 19). Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to understand implementation and lessons learnt with the six interviewers on the study team, none of whom had used these methods in research before. Interviews and FGDs were audio recorded, transcribed and reviewed by the investigative team. Using a rapid analytical approach, our pilot study demonstrated that using arts and play-based methods in multigenerational violence research is feasible and acceptable to participants and interviewers. These methods worked well for nearly all participants regardless of age or ability and offered a comfortable and ‘fun’ way to engage in weighty conversations. They presented benefits in their capability to facilitate disclosure, expanding understanding, particularly around violence that is often a stigmatizing and sensitive experience. Interviewers required increased capacity and sensitivity in using the methods carefully, to maximize their full potential, and ongoing mentorship was indicated. Our study adds to the burgeoning evidence base of the effectiveness of the use of arts-based methods in health research.