bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAT8-catalyzed lactylation promotes eEF1A2-mediated protein synthesis and colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Xie Bingteng , Zhang Mengdi , Li Jie , Cui Jianxin , Zhang Pengju , Liu Fangming , Wu Yuxi , Deng Weiwei , Ma Jihong , Li Xinyu , Pan Bingchen , Zhang Baohui , Zhang Hongbing , Luo Aiqin , Xu Yinzhe , Li Mo , Pu Yang
Published: February 2024

Aberrant lysine lactylation (Kla) is associated with various diseases which are caused by excessive glycolysis metabolism. However, the regulatory molecules and downstream protein targets of Kla remain largely unclear. Here, we observed a global Kla abundance profile in colorectal cancer (CRC) that negatively correlates with prognosis. Among lactylated proteins detected in CRC, lactylation of eEF1A2K408 resulted in boosted translation elongation and enhanced protein synthesis which contributed to tumorigenesis. By screening eEF1A2 interacting proteins, we identified that KAT8, a lysine acetyltransferase that acted as a pan-Kla writer, was responsible for installing Kla on many protein substrates involving in diverse biological processes. Deletion of KAT8 inhibited CRC tumor growth, especially in a high-lactic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the KAT8-eEF1A2 Kla axis is utilized to meet increased translational requirements for oncogenic adaptation. As a lactyltransferase, KAT8 may represent a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Two millennia of language policies in China
Authors: Zeng Jie , Zhao Yanling
Published: February 2024

This scholarly investigation delves into the metamorphosis of China’s language policies across three distinct
epochs spanning over two millennia, tracing from ancient China to contemporary times. Employing a sociolinguistic lens, the
analysis elucidates the historical trajectories of these policies, accentuating their theoretical and pragmatic implications,
particularly in the realms of linguistic strategies for ethnic minorities and the overarching national language. The derived
conclusions highlight a nuanced amalgamation of subjectivity and diversity within these policies, encompassing both the elevation
of Mandarin and the preservation of minority languages. By deciphering historical patterns, this study aspires to furnish insights
that could inform prospective orientations in China’s linguistic policy formulation, set against the evolving backdrop of global
interconnectedness, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the nation’s overarching developmental objectives.
Tonal intelligibility within a paragraph
Authors: Chu Man-Ni , Zajdler Ewa , Lin Hui-Wen
Published: February 2024

This study considers the performance of tone pronunciation and morpheme intelligibility by L2 Polish Mandarin
learners. A mixed-effects ordinal regression model and Tukey’s HSD multiple test were used to examine the start-point, end-point,
of syllables as a means of assessing their intelligibility by L2 Polish learners regarding the tones with the sequence T0, T1, T2,
T4 > T3.and T0, T1> T2, T4 > T3, respectively. Students’ tone pronunciation at different stages of learning was compared,
i.e. first at less than A1 level of proficiency and then after achieving an A2 level of proficiency according to the Common
European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), with the interval of a 22-week intensive Chinese class. The results suggest
that in the case of the steady pitch produced for T0 and T1, L2 Polish learners found it easy to control the vibration speed of
the vocal folds over two stages. Additionally, progress in successfully producing T4 was exhibited with improving control over the
individual tonal register span, implying that competent tonal production develops with time. It remains unclear whether the reason
why the low-range T3 is acquired last is down to the habitually high pitched range of spoken Polish, or a more universally
observable phenomenon where T3 is liable to be confused with other tones in production.
Human risk factors in cybersecurity
Authors: Cuchta Tom , Blackwood Brian , Devine Thomas R. , Niichel Robert J.
Published: February 2024

This article presents an experimental analysis of several cybersecurity risks affecting the human attack surface
of Fairmont State University, a mid-size state university. We consider two social engineering experiments: a phishing email
barrage and a targeted spearphishing campaign. In the phishing experiment, a total of 4,769 students, faculty, and staff on campus
were targeted by 90,000 phishing emails. Throughout these experiments, we explored the effectiveness of three types of phishing
awareness training. Our results show that phishing emails that make it through IT’s defenses pose a clear and present threat to
large educational organizations. Moreover, we found that simple, visual, instructional guides are more effective training tools
than long documents or interactive training.
Mechanical response of van der Waals and charge coupled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mokhalingam Aningi , Dalal Indranil S , Gupta Shakti S
Published: February 2024

This work investigates the mechanical response of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) coupled through van der Waals and electrostatic forces using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and a continuum model. In MD simulations, the covalent bond interactions between the carbon atoms are modeled using three sets of ReaxFF potential parameters (Strachan et al 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett.
91 098301; Srinivasan et al 2015 J. Phys. Chem. A 119 571–80; Damirchi et al 2020 J. Phys. Chem. C 124 20488–97). The dynamic charges, dependent on the local environment, are calculated employing the charge equilibrium formalism within the ReaxFF. In the continuum model, the SWCNTs are modeled using the geometrically nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The Galerkin’s approach is used to discretize the equations of motion. An approximate model to account for the end charge concentration in the SWCNTs, calibrated from the MD data, is incorporated into the beam model. The pair of SWCNTs are prescribed with two sets of boundary conditions: Fixed–fixed and fixed–free. The pull-in voltages at which the two SWCNTs snap onto each other with fixed–fixed boundary conditions obtained from the MD simulations using the potential parameters of Strachan et al (2003 Phys. Rev. Lett.
91 098301), Srinivasan et al (2015 J. Phys. Chem. A 119 571–80) and Damirchi et al (2020 J. Phys. Chem. C 124 20488–97) agree within an error of

∼

0.5
%

,

∼

0.5
%

, and 7.2%, respectively, with those computed from the nonlinear beam theory. For fixed–free boundary conditions, the role of geometric nonlinearity is found to be insignificant. However, for this case, the concentrated charges play a significant role in determining the pull-in voltages. The post-pull-in response of the SWCNTs for both boundary conditions is investigated in detail through the MD simulations. The post-pull-in results presented here can be used as a benchmark for results obtained from continuum models in the future. Further, the proposed research helps design nano-resonators/tweezers/switches.
Simulations of the effect of shot peening backstress on nanoindentation
Authors: Chen Hui , Kanouté Pascale , François Manuel
Published: February 2024

Shot peening is a mechanical surface treatment that can introduce compressive residual stress and work hardening simultaneously. This work hardening, considered as a modification of the elastic region with plastic strain, can be modeled with two types of contributions: isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening. In order to characterize the mechanical properties of the treated surface using the instrumented indentation technique, the effect of the backstress associated with kinematic hardening should be studied, especially for works related to fatigue loading. In this paper, the distribution of three backstress components is obtained by shot peening simulations on a nickel-based alloy, Inconel 718, commonly used in the aerospace industry, and a series of indentation simulations are carried out using a spherical tip with different equivalent backstress levels. For Inconel 718, the third backstress component, which has the slowest evolution rate, is found to have the most significant influence on the response. However, compared to the effect of residual stress and cumulated plastic strain, the effect of backstress can be neglected.
Genesis of column sprites: formation mechanisms and optical structures
Authors: Marskar R
Published: February 2024

Sprite discharges are electrical discharges that initiate from the lower ionosphere during intense lightning storms, manifesting themselves optically as flashes of light that last a few milliseconds. This study unravels sprite initiation mechanisms and evolution into distinctive morphologies like glows and beads, using direct 3D numerical simulations that capture the intricate electrical discharge processes. We clarify various morphological aspects of sprites such as the halo dynamics, column glows, branching, streamer reconnection, and bead formation. The results advance our understanding of sprites and their connection to thunderstorm dynamics, and puts quantitative analysis of their effect on Earth’s climate within reach.
Full-radius integrated modelling of ASDEX Upgrade L-modes including impurity transport and radiation
Authors: Fajardo D. , Angioni C. , Dux R. , Fable E. , Plank U. , Samoylov O. , Tardini G. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2024

An integrated framework that demonstrates multi-species, multi-channel modelling capabilities for the prediction of impurity density profiles and their feedback on the main plasma through radiative cooling and fuel dilution is presented. It combines all presently known theoretical elements in the local description of quasilinear turbulent and neoclassical impurity transport, using the models TGLF-SAT2 and FACIT. These are coupled to the STRAHL code for impurity sources and radiation inside the ASTRA transport solver. The workflow is shown to reproduce experimental results in full-radius L-mode modelling. In particular, a set of ASDEX Upgrade L-modes with differing heating power mixtures and plasma currents are simulated, including boron (B) and tungsten (W) as intrinsic impurities. The increase of predicted confinement with higher current and the reduction of core W peaking with higher central wave heating are demonstrated. Furthermore, a highly radiative L-mode scenario featuring an X-point radiator (XPR) with two intrinsic (B, W) and one seeded argon (Ar) species is simulated, and its measured radiated power and high confinement are recovered by the modelling. The stabilizing effect of impurities on turbulence is analysed and a simple model for the peripheral X-point radiation is introduced. A preliminary full-radius simulation of an H-mode phase of this same discharge, leveraging recent work on the role of the E×B shearing at the edge, shows promising results.
A challenge and solution for automatic thin slice thickness measurements on images of the Catphan phantom
Authors: Anam Choirul , Amilia Riska , Naufal Ariij , Sutanto Heri , Dougherty Geoff
Published: February 2024

Purpose. The use of the Hough transform for angle detection is quite accurate for relatively wide slice thickness. However, the Hough transform fails to accurately detect the angle for thin slice thickness. This study proposes a method for automatically measuring the thickness of thin slices on images of a Catphan phantom. Methods. In the proposed method, the angle of the phantom’s orientation was determined based on the relative coordinates of the four hole objects in the phantom. After the angles of the wires were determined, the profiles of pixel values across the wire objects were constructed. Finally, their full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) were determined and multiplied by tan 23° to obtain the slice thicknesses of the images. The results of the proposed method were compared to a previous method, which used the Hough transform to obtain the phantom’s orientation. We used slice thicknesses ranging from 0.8 mm to 5.0 mm, and phantom angles from 0° to 10°. Results. Our proposed method detected the angle of the phantom accurately for thin slices, whereas a previous method did not accurately detect the angle. The results of the slice thickness using this current method were slightly higher (within 7.9%) compared to the previous method. However, the results of the two methods did not differ significantly (p-value > 0.05). Using different angles, the current method detected all the angles more accurately. Again, the slice thicknesses were not significantly different from the previous method (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion. The proposed method for measuring the thickness of thin slices in an image of a Catphan phantom, based on the relative coordinates of the four hole objects in the phantom, outperformed a previous method based on the Hough transform.
Research on vibration characteristics of a straddle-type station induced by moving trains
Authors: Lu Huaxi , Zhu Jun , Zhou Ling
Published: February 2024

The novelty of straddle-type railway stations as a modern railway infrastructure necessitates thoroughly examining their vibration behavior under high-speed train-induced vibrations. This study focuses on Shangrao station, the inaugural straddle-type high-speed railway station in China, to investigate its vibration properties induced by high-speed trains. A comprehensive finite element model is developed and validated against empirical data to ensure accuracy. The vibration response and propagation patterns induced by railway operations are extensively studied under diverse operational conditions. The results illustrate that the peak acceleration in the vertical (Z) direction significantly exceeds that in the horizontal (X and Y) directions in most test cases. Moreover, under consistent train speed and axle load, the multiple parallel traffic scenario results in higher peak accelerations in all directions compared to the grade separation traffic scenario. Additionally, a positive correlation exists between the railway platform’s maximum amplitude, corresponding frequency, and train speed. Furthermore, increased train axle load leads to higher peak accelerations in the station building. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for the predictive modeling and design of high-speed straddle-type railway stations, providing essential technical support for future station projects.
Automatic label curation from large-scale text corpus
Authors: Avasthi Sandhya , Chauhan Ritu
Published: February 2024

The topic modeling technique extracts themes based on their probabilistic measurements from any large-scale text collection. Even though topic modeling pulls out the most important phrases that describe latent themes in text collections, a suitable label has yet to be found. Interpreting the topics extracted from a text corpus and identifying a suitable label automatically reduces the cognitive load for the analyst. Extractive methods are used typically to select a label from a given candidate set, based on probability metrics for each candidate set. Some of the existing approaches use phrases, words, and images to generate labels using frequency counts of different words in the text. The paper proposes a method to generate labels automatically to represent each topic based on a labeling strategy to filter candidate labels and then apply sequence-to-sequence labelers. The objective of the method is to get a meaningful label for the result of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm. The BERTScore metric is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method generates good interpretative labels as compared to baseline models for topic words or terms automatically. The comparison with the label generated through ChatGPT API shows the quality of the generated label with the experiment performed on Four Datasets NIPS, Kindle, PUBMED, and CORD-19.
A review on wear failure of hydraulic components: existing problems and possible solutions
Authors: Sharma Anubhav Kumar , Kumar Niranjan , Das Alok Kumar
Published: February 2024

This article comprehensively reviews the causes of wear of hydraulic components used in hydro-static transmission systems and their remedies by thermal coating processes. The wear of critical components of the hydraulic pump and motors, hydraulic valves, etc, is mainly due to abrasion, erosion, and cavitation. The most commonly found modes of wear in hydraulic components are contamination and abrasion wear. Such wear arresting can be done by using the surface coating and texturing of materials over the wear zones of the damaged parts. This article discusses the causes of wear in hydraulic components and suggests various solutions to reduce such wear. Recent challenges associated with the proposed solution for wear arresting and future scopes are identified in this review. In the end, some novel techniques for the treatment of wear in hydraulic components, such as laser beam treatment, plasma, Tungsten inert gas arc, and Electric discharge coating, have been discussed, which is the potential future work for enhancing the useful life of hydraulic components. These surface treatment methodologies can be applied to alter the surfaces of crucial hydraulic components that experience considerable wear, as seen in hydraulic pumps, valves, and other elements such as hydraulic cylinders.
Vibration analysis of active composite structures embedded with long and short shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers
Authors: Bhaskar Jitendra , Gupta Vivek , Sharma Arun Kumar , Bhattacharya Bishakh
Published: February 2024

The shape memory effect (SME) is a source of internal compressive stresses that modify the vibration behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) embedded composite structures. Generally, long fibers are used due to their suitability for activating SMA using resistive heating. Longer SMA fibers embedded in composite structures have their limitations in design and manufacturing. Minimal research work has been done on tuning the vibration behavior of composite structures embedded with short SMA fibers. In this research paper, an analytical model for evaluating the natural frequencies of an SMA embedded composite beam has been proposed. Effects of various design parameters for long (continuous) and short (discontinuous) SMA fibers embedded in composites have been investigated. It was observed that short SMA fibers with a higher aspect ratio can tune their frequencies similarly to long SMA fiber composites and are more effective in thicker beams. Matrix material with negative coefficient thermal expansion is more suitable for embedding SMA for modifying natural frequency in active mode.
Fault diagnosis of tooth surface spalling based on variational mode decomposition and maximum correlation kurtosis method
Authors: Liu Zhengyu , Cheng Zhenbang , Xiong Yangshou
Published: February 2024

As the early fault features of tooth surface spalling are very weak and difficult to extract because of random noise and other types of signal interference, a method that combines maximum correlation kurtosis uncoiling and variational mode decomposition is proposed herein. First, a series of modes are obtained by variational mode decomposition, and the kurtosis criterion is applied to select the modes containing rich fault information for reconstruction and noise reduction. Second, the maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution method is used to enhance the selected signals. Finally, the fault features are extracted by envelope demodulation of the reconstructed signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by analysis, and the different frequency components of the vibration signals of tooth surface spalling faults are shown to be separated accurately.
Four port MIMO antenna for IoT applications in public safety band and sub-6 GHz TDD 5G band
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Prakash Ved , Padhy Suresh Chandra
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) antenna specifically developed for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications in Public Safety 4.9 GHz (4940–4990 MHz) band and Sub-6 GHz TDD 5G band (4800–4990 MHz). The proposed MIMO antenna consists of Koch fractal element, and it is introduced in four port configuration. HFSS is used to design, analyze, and optimize the performance parameters of the introduced MIMO antenna. To achieve optimum performance in terms of isolation, initially all two radiating elements of 1 × 2 MIMO configuration with varying orientations have been evaluated, which are positioned on top of a cost-effective FR4 substrate. Later on 2 × 2 and 1 × 4 MIMO configurations are evaluated; and 1 × 4 configuration is fabricated and tested in lab for the verification of simulated results. The MIMO antenna demonstrates resonance at 4.97 GHz, offering a bandwidth of 320 MHz (4795–5115 MHz). It exhibits excellent performance with Envelope Correlation Coefficient (EC-C) < 0.4, Diversity Gain (D-G) > 9.8, Mean Effective Gain (ME-G) < 3 dB, Total Active Refection Coefficient (TAR-C) < −14 dB, Channel Capacity Loss (CC-L) < 0.4 bits/s/Hz, and Isolation < −20 dB across the entire operating frequency range. The proposed MIMO antenna has a maximum gain of 1.2 dBi and radiation efficiency (η) of 80%. This proposed antenna offers several advantages over traditional ones, including high efficiency (η), low CC-L, and significant isolation, even without the use of special techniques to achieve isolation.
Silver-doped graphite oxide composites used as antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Tatumella terrea evaluated by direct TLC bioautography
Authors: Chavez-Esquivel G , Cervantes-Cuevas H , Cortes-Cordova D E , Estrada de los Santos P , Huerta Arcos L
Published: February 2024

Silver-doped graphite oxide composites presented mixed Ag and Ag2O crystalline phases accompanied by C/O and ID/IG average ratios of 2.13 and 1.16, associated with a good oxidation degree and high structural disorder or defects in the carbon material, respectively. The low-silver-doped GrO composite showed homogenous silver particle dispersion and a low particle size distribution (96 nm). However, high-silver-doped GrO composites generated materials with high relative crystallinity, silver particle agglomeration, and Ag metal phase promotion. At 3 and 5 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate, the silver-doped graphite oxide composites were tested by direct TLC bioautography against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Tatumella terrea microorganisms, where the minimum inhibitory concentration was 3 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate. At 3.0 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate, high-silver-doped GrO composites exhibited a 39%, 3.2-fold, and 83% higher retention factor (R

f
) compared with the composites with low-silver-doped GrO composites against S. aureus, E. coli, and T. terra microorganisms, respectively. However, both composites showed similar inhibition capacities at 5.0 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate against the three microorganisms. This behavior may be associated with both composites reaching the threshold limit. In general, the silver acetate amount used in the silver-doped GrO composites influenced the dispersion, crystalline phase promotion, particle size distribution, and the silver particle release capacity, which modified the electrostatic adsorption type between the composites and the bacterial cell walls.
Proof in the time of machines
Authors: Granville Andrew
Published: February 2024

We are concerned here with the nature of proof and what proof will become in this age of machines. We do so by comparing the values associated with (traditional) community based proof verification to those associated with computer proof verification. We finish by proposing ways that computer proofs might incorporate successful strategies from human experiences.
Mathematical reasoning and the computer
Authors: Buzzard Kevin
Published: February 2024

Computers have already changed the way that humans do mathematics: they enable us to compute efficiently. But will they soon be helping us to reason? And will they one day start reasoning themselves? We give an overview of recent developments in neural networks, computer theorem provers, and large language models.
HIV, HIV-Specific Factors, and Myocardial Disease in Women
Authors: Kato Yoko , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Naveed Mahim , Shitole Sanyog G , Peng Qi , Levsky Jeffrey M , Haramati Linda B , Ordovas Karen , Noworolski Susan M , Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Ryung S , Lazar Jason M , Anastos Kathryn , Tien Phyllis C , Kaplan Robert C , Lima Joao A C , Kizer Jorge R
Published: February 2024

Background

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has documented higher myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis in PWH, but studies have mostly relied on healthy volunteers as comparators and focused on men.

Methods

We investigated the associations of HIV and HIV-specific factors with CMR phenotypes in female participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study's New York and San Francisco sites. Primary phenotypes included myocardial native (n) T1 (fibro-inflammation), extracellular volume fraction (fibrosis), and triglyceride content (steatosis). Associations were evaluated with multivariable linear regression, and results pooled or meta-analyzed across centers.

Results

Among 261 women with HIV (WWH, N = 362), 76.2% had undetectable viremia at CMR. For the 82.8% receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the preceding 5 years, adherence was 51.7%, and 69.4% failed to achieve persistent viral suppression (40.7% with peak viral load <200 cp/mL). Overall, WWH showed higher nT1 than women without HIV after full adjustment. This higher nT1 was more pronounced in those with antecedent or current viremia or nadir CD4+ count <200 cells/μL, with the latter also associated with higher extracellular volume fraction. WWH and current CD4+ count <200 cells/μL had less cardiomyocyte steatosis. Cumulative exposure to specific ART showed no associations.

Conclusions

Compared with sociodemographically similar women without HIV, WWH on ART exhibit higher myocardial fibro-inflammation, which is more prominent with unsuppressed viremia or CD4+ lymphopenia. These findings support the importance of improved ART adherence strategies, along with better understanding of latent infection, to mitigate cardiac end-organ damage in this population.
The Phospholipid Flippase ATP8B1 is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis via Establishment of Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Koelink Pim J , Gómez-Mellado Valentina E , Duijst Suzanne , van Roest Manon , Meisner Sander , Ho-Mok Kam S , Frank Sabrina , Appelman Babette S , Bloemendaal Lysbeth ten , Vogel Georg F , van de Graaf Stan F J , Bosma Piter J , Oude Elferink Ronald P J , Wildenberg Manon E , Paulusma Coen C
Published: February 2024

Aims

Patients with mutations in ATP8B1 develop progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 [PFIC1], a severe liver disease that requires life-saving liver transplantation. PFIC1 patients also present with gastrointestinal problems, including intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea, which are aggravated after liver transplantation. Here we investigate the intestinal function of ATP8B1 in relation to inflammatory bowel diseases.

Methods

ATP8B1 expression was investigated in intestinal samples of patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC] as well as in murine models of intestinal inflammation. Colitis was induced in ATP8B1-deficient mice with dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] and intestinal permeability was investigated. Epithelial barrier function was assessed in ATP8B1 knockdown Caco2-BBE cells. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed in Caco2-BBE cells overexpressing ATP8B1-eGFP. Expression and localization of ATP8B1 and tight junction proteins were investigated in cells and in biopsies of UC and PFIC1 patients.

Results

ATP8B1 expression was decreased in UC and DSS-treated mice, and was associated with a decreased tight junctional pathway transcriptional programme. ATP8B1-deficient mice were extremely sensitive to DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by increased intestinal barrier leakage. ATP8B1 knockdown cells showed delayed barrier establishment that affected Claudin-4 [CLDN4] levels and localization. CLDN4 immunohistochemistry showed a tight junctional staining in control tissue, whereas in UC and intestinal PFIC1 samples, CLDN4 was not properly localized.

Conclusion

ATP8B1 is important in the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Downregulation of ATP8B1 levels in UC, and subsequent altered localization of tight junctional proteins, including CLDN4, might therefore be an important mechanism in UC pathophysiology.
Mesh size effect on finite source inversion with 3-D finite-element modelling
Authors: Kim Minsu , So Byung-Dal , Kim SatByul , Jo Taehwan , Chang Sung-Joon
Published: February 2024

Three-dimensional finite-element models, which can handle the stress perturbations caused by subsurface mechanical heterogeneities and fault interactions, have been combined with the finite source inversion to estimate the coseismic slip distribution over the fault plane. However, the mesh grid for discretizing the governing equations in the finite-element model significantly affects the numerical accuracy. In this study, we performed kinematic finite source inversion with idealized (regular observation point array; M1A–M1D) and regional (GEONET, GPS Earthquake Observation Network System stations in Japan; M2A–M2H) models with different mesh sizes to quantitatively analyse the effect of the mesh grid size around the fault plane on the inverted fault slip distribution. Synthetic observation data vectors obtained from the finest models (M1A and M2A) are compared with those from the coarser models (M1B–M1D and M2B–M2H), which were adopted to construct Green's function matrix. We found that the coarser mesh models derived a smaller surface displacement, leading to a decrease in the norm of Green's function matrix, which in turn influences the fault slip magnitude from the finite source inversion. Finally, we performed the source inversion for the fault slip distribution of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku–Oki earthquake using the coseismic surface displacements recorded at the GEONET and seafloor stations and finite-element modelling. By reducing the mesh size on the fault, we confirmed that the estimated magnitude of fault slip converged to approximately 80 m, which is consistent with the range of fault slip amounts from previous studies based on the Okada model. At least 0.88 million total domain elements and a 6.7 km2 mesh size on the fault plane with an area of 240 × 720 km2 are required for the convergence of the fault slip. Furthermore, we found that the location of the maximum fault slip is less sensitive to the mesh size, implying that source inversion based on a coarse mesh model (i.e. less than 0.5 million elements and > ∼60 km2 mesh size) can quickly provide the rough fault slip distribution.
Hematemesis on an esophageal foreign body revealing a double aortic arch: a case study
Authors: Foma Winga , Lamboni Damessane , Ananidjin Gérémie , Boko Uziel , Koulekey Dodji , Kebalo Sosso Piham , Sonhaye Lantam , Amana Bathokédéou , Boko Essohanam
Published: February 2024

A double aortic arch is a rare abnormality of the aortic arch caused by the persistence of the distal part of the right dorsal aorta. It can be manifested by respiratory and/or digestive symptoms. We report a case of double aortic arch revealed by an esophageal foreign body complicated by haematemesis in a 13-year-old boy having required multidisciplinary care.
Postoperative Care and Outcomes in Solid Organ Transplant Patients undergoing Lower Extremity Fracture Treatment
Authors: Chiou Daniel , Mooney Bailey H. , Shi Brendan , Upfill-Brown Alexander , Kallini Jennifer , SooHoo Nelson , Johnson Eric E.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the postoperative outcomes in solid-organ transplant (SOT) patients undergoing operative treatment of lower extremity fractures.

METHODS:

Design: Retrospective comparative study

Setting:

Academic Level 1 Trauma center

Patient Selection Criteria:

Patients who underwent SOT and operative treatment for lower extremity fracture from 2013-2021 were identified, excluding pathologic fractures.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons: postoperative complications, length of stay, time to death, 90-day and 1-year readmission rates, readmission causes, discharge location, and immunosuppressive regiments.

RESULTS:

61 patients with an average age of 67 (range 29-88) were included. The mortality rate was 37.7%. The average follow-up was 15.2 months (range of 2 weeks to 10 years). The majority of patients (42.6%) had received a liver transplant, and femoral neck fractures constituted the largest fracture group (39.4%). The average length of stay was 10 days, with the shortest being one day and the longest being 126 days (SD 18). The majority of patients were not discharged home (56.6%). Only two suffered from a postoperative complication requiring another procedure: hardware removal and liner exchange for periprosthetic joint infection, respectively. There was a 27.9% 90-day readmission rate with two deaths within that period with the most common being altered mental status (29.4%), genitourinary infections (17.6%), repeat falls (11.8%), and low hemoglobin requiring transfusion (11.8%). The longest average time to death analyzed by transplant type was found among lung transplant patients (1076 days, 62.5% mortality), followed by liver transplant patients (949 days 35.0% mortality), then kidney transplant patients (834 days, 38.9% mortality). The shortest time to death was 71 days from index procedure.

CONCLUSIONS:

Family members of solid-organ transplant patients undergoing operative treatment of lower extremity fractures should be made aware of the high risk for 90-day readmission postoperatively (27.9%) and overall mortality (12.5%). Providers should be aware of the need for multidisciplinary involvement for inpatient care, monitoring postoperative complications and facilitating discharge planning.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evolution of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients 90 Years Old or Older Over a 12-Year Period: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Daniels Rikus , Müller Jakob , Jafari Claudia , Theile Pauline , Kluge Stefan , Roedl Kevin
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

The global population is aging, and the proportion of very elderly patients 90 years old or older in the ICU is expected to increase. The changes in the comorbidities and outcomes of very elderly patients hospitalized in the ICU that have occurred over time are unknown.

Design:

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting:

ICUs at a single academic hospital in Germany.

Patients:

Ninety years old or older and admitted to the ICU between January 1, 2008, and April 30, 2019.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

Of the 92,958 critically ill patients, 1,108 were 90 years old or older. The study period was divided into two halves: January 1, 2008–August 30, 2013, and September 1, 2013–April 30, 2019. The number of patients 90 years old or older increased from the first period (n = 391; 0.90% of total admissions) to the second period (n = 717; 1.44%). The patients’ demographic characteristics were similar between the both time periods. The median Charlson Comorbidity Index was higher during the first period (1 [interquartile range, 1–3]) than compared with the second time period (1 [0–2]; p = 0.052). The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II was higher during the first time period (38 [29–49]) than during the second period (35 [27–45]; p = 0.005). Vasopressor therapy was necessary in 40% (n = 158) and 43% (n = 310) of patients in each time period, respectively (p = 0.363). Invasive mechanical ventilation was administered in 37% (n = 146) and 34% (n = 243) of patients in each time period, respectively (p = 0.250). The median length of the ICU stay was significantly lower in the first time period than in the second time period (1.4 vs. 1.7 d; p = 0.002). The ICU (18% vs. 18%; p = 0.861) and hospital (31% vs. 29%; p = 0.395) mortality rates were comparable between the two groups. The 1-year mortality was significantly lower during the second time period than during the first time period (61% vs. 56%; p = 0.029). Cox regression analysis revealed that the SAPS II, medical cause of admission, mechanical ventilation requirement, and vasopressor use were associated with 1-year mortality.

Conclusions:

The number of patients 90 years old or older who were treated in the ICU has increased in recent years. While the patients’ clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes have not changed significantly, the long-term mortality of these patients has improved in recent years.
Attempted replication of pharmacogenetic association of variants in PPP1R14C and CCDC148 with aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms
Authors: Liang Yuqing , Gersch Christina L. , Lehman Jennifer , Henry N. Lynn , Smith Karen Lisa , Rae James M. , Stearns Vered , Hertz Daniel L.
Published: February 2024

Third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AI) are the standard treatment for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer. While effective, AI can lead to severe adverse events, including AI-induced musculoskeletal syndrome (AIMSS). Genetic predictors of AIMSS have the potential to personalize AI treatment and improve outcomes. We attempted to replicate results from a previous genome-wide association study that found a lower risk of AIMSS in patients carrying PPP1R14C rs912571 and a higher risk in patients carrying CCDC148 rs79048288. AIMSS data were collected prospectively from patients with HR+ breast cancer prior to starting and after 3 and 6 months of adjuvant AI via the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Symptom. Germline genotypes for PPP1R14C rs912571 and CCDC148 rs79048288 were tested for a similar association with AIMSS as previously reported via $
2 tests. Of the 143 patients with AIMSS and genetics data were included in the analysis. There was no association identified between PPP1R14C rs912571 and AIMSS risk (P > 0.05). Patients carrying CCDC148 rs79048288 variant alleles had lower AIMSS incidence in a secondary analysis (P = 0.04); however, this was in the opposite direction of the previous finding. The study did not replicate previously reported associations with AIMSS risk for genetic variants in PPP1R14C and CCDC148 and AIMSS risk. Further research is needed to discover and validate genetic predictors of AIMSS that can be used to personalize treatment in patients with HR+ breast cancer.
Depression and Pesticide Exposure Among Male Farmers in Greece
Authors: Frengidou Elisavet , Galanis Petros , Chatzimichael Konstantinos , Kioulos Elias , Malesios Chrysovalantis
Published: February 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pesticide exposure and depression.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed in a study population of 252 Greek male farmers using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Cumulative pesticide exposure was categorized in three mutually exclusive groups related to lifetime pesticide use: low (<275 days, the reference group), intermediate (276 to 1200 days), and high (>1200 days). Acute pesticide exposure was categorized in pesticide poisoning events and high pesticide exposure events. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, and odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values were presented.

Findings

After adjusting for confounding factors, a positive significant association was found between both high-exposure group and high pesticide exposure events and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Apart from acute, high cumulative pesticide exposure may as well contribute to the development of depression.
Addressing Race and Culture During Clinical Education Experiences
Authors: Naidoo Keshrie , Plummer Laura , Powell Camille
Published: February 2024

In 2022–2023, 27.7% of the students enrolled in Doctor of Physical Therapy programs identified as from a minoritized group, representing a 50% increase since 2015–2016 which is promising. However, students from racial/ethnic minoritized groups have additional barriers to overcome, such as isolation, exclusion, bias, and discrimination during clinical education experiences (CEE). Clinical educators may avoid conversations about race and culture due to decreased time, training, and comfort, and not wanting to “other” students from minoritized groups. However, talking about race and culture can increase trust and communication between learners and educators, decrease discrimination and stereotyping, and increase compassion and mutual understanding. The authors provide stepwise progression for educators to begin to prepare for addressing race/culture and supporting students from minoritized backgrounds during CEEs.
Trauma-Informed Approaches in Pelvic Health: Exploratory Understandings of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Trauma, and Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Springer Kristen , Patton Rebecca , Hagaman Heather , Martin Daniel
Published: February 2024

Background:

Although pelvic floor clinicians (PFCs) typically approach evaluations and interventions through a client-centered lens, trauma-informed care (TIC) is a relatively new clinical approach. Because of the high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adult traumatic experiences among clients with pelvic floor dysfunction and complex pelvic pain, TIC should be integrated into all pelvic health practices.

Objectives:

This study explores PFCs' current understanding of ACEs, trauma, and TIC.

Study Design:

Exploratory concurrent.

Methods:

When recruiting PFCs, purposive and convenience sampling methods were administered. There was no minimum or maximum age, sex, or gender requirement, and all races and ethnicities were encouraged to participate. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded, abiding by phenomenological methodology.

Results:

Each research question was exceedingly addressed through both the survey and qualitative interview responses.

Conclusion:

This study outlines how PFCs actively translate a trauma-informed framework into their clinical practices while revealing their most prevalent areas of improvement, areas of future growth, and urgency for collaboration across the specialty.
A Physical Therapist's Role in Providing a Trauma-Informed, Whole-Body, Holistic Approach to Address the Spiritual and Mental Health of Patients
Authors: Johnson Michelle
Published: February 2024

It is well documented that patient outcomes improve when providers address the patient's mental and spiritual needs in addition to their physical needs. There is currently a shift from the biomedical model to the biopsychosocial model and now a focus on the dynamic biopsychosocial model. Trauma is known to have spiritual, cultural, mental, and physical implications, and people who have experienced trauma want their providers to address it. Transitioning to a biopsychosocial model can be challenging, but the physical therapist is in a unique position to provide quality care within their scope of practice, while addressing the complexity of the whole person. Physical therapists must look introspectively at their own beliefs and practices to provide improved holistic, trauma-informed care. Through personal experience and literature reviews, a case is made for addressing both spiritual beliefs and mental health needs in the clinical setting (see Supplemental Digital Content Video Abstract, available at: http://links.lww.com/JWHPT/A130).
The use of andexanet alfa vs. 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrates in the setting of life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Irizarry-Gatell Vivian M. , Bacchus Michael W. , De Leo Edward K. , Zhang Yang , Lagasse Carrie A. , Khanna Anna Y. , Harris Neil S. , Zumberg Marc S.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Andexanet alfa is a targeted reversal agent for life threatening hemorrhage associated with direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), but there is uncertainty regarding the benefit when compared to 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) for this indication. We investigated the clinical outcomes and cost associated with reversal of DOACs in the setting of life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods

A retrospective evaluation was conducted to evaluate patients with ICH in the setting of anticoagulation with DOAC from 9/1/2013 to 4/30/2020. Patients were included in the study if they received reversal with either andexanet alfa or 4F-PCC.

Results

Eighty-nine patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference in 30-day mortality between patients who received andexanet alfa or 4F-PCC (52% vs. 35%, P = 0.14). Radiographic stability of bleed was identified in 57% of patients receiving andexanet alfa vs. 58% of patients receiving 4F-PCC (P = 0.93). Median length of stay was not different between the andexanet alfa and 4F-PCC populations (7 days [IQR 6 – 12] vs. 6 days [IQR 3–12], P = 0.66). Median cost of reversal agent was higher in patients receiving andexanet alfa compared to 4F-PCC ($15 000 [IQR 15 000–$27 000] vs. $11 650 [IQR $8567–$14 149]).

Conclusion

Among patients with life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage in the setting of DOAC therapy, no clinical differences were observed with respect to selection of reversal agent. Prothrombin complex concentrates remain a viable alternative to reversal of DOAC therapy though multicenter, randomized, prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the role of 4F-PCC in the reversal of DOAC therapy.
Distribution and Characteristics of Colonic Diverticula in Northern China
Authors: Yang Fang , Sun Xueyue , Jiang Kui
Published: February 2024

Objective:

The prevalence of colonic diverticula is rising in eastern countries, possibly related to aging and the adoption of a western lifestyle. However, limited data exist regarding the distribution and endoscopic features of colonic diverticula in this population. This study aimed to assess the number, size, depth, and location of colonic diverticula in our study cohort.

Patients and Methods:

We collected data from patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Bao Di Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University. We thoroughly evaluated and documented any colonic diverticula encountered during the procedures. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore associations between participant characteristics and the presence of colonic diverticula.

Results:

Our study included a total of 27,021 eligible patients from our colonoscopy database, among whom 1529 individuals (5.67%) exhibited one or more diverticulosis. Patients with colonic diverticula (mean age: 58.6) were significantly older and exhibited a male predominance compared with those without diverticula. Cases of right-sided, left-sided, and bilateral diverticulosis were recorded in 1161 (76.0%), 170 (11.1%), and 198 patients (12.9%), respectively. Patients with right-sided diverticula (mean age: 55.2), more common in males, were younger than those with left-sided diverticula (mean age: 67.1, P < 0.05), which were more frequent in females (P < 0.001). Individuals aged 60 years or older (odds ratio: 4.32, P < 0.001) and those with bilateral diverticulosis (odds ratio: 21.2, P < 0.001) had a higher likelihood of having a greater burden of diverticula.

Conclusion:

Colonic diverticula in Northern China predominantly manifests as right-sided, more common in males, and associated with older age. Notably, patients with right-sided diverticulosis tend to be younger than those with left-sided diverticula. In addition, a higher burden of diverticula is more prevalent in individuals aged 60 years or older and those with a bilateral distribution pattern.