bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of rhizosphere microbial diversity on the accumulation of active compounds in farmed Scutellaria baicalensis
Authors: Dong Ping , Lu Yang , Bai Jia , Zhao Chunying , Li Zhongsi , Cao Yu , Li Yingzhe
Published: December 2024

Rhizosphere microorganisms are important factors affecting herb quality and secondary metabolite accumulation. In this study, we investigated the diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities (bacteria and fungi) and their correlations with soil physicochemical properties and active compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis (baicalin, oroxindin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A) from cultivated Scutellaria baicalensis with three different origins via high-throughput sequencing and correlation analysis to further clarify the role of soil factors in the accumulation of the active compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis. The results are summarized as follows. A total of 28 dominant bacterial genera, such as Arthrobacter, Rubrobacter, Microvirga, and Sphingomonas, and 42 dominant fungal genera, such as Alternaria, Spegazzinia, and Minimedusa, were detected. The soil microbial communities associated with cultivated Scutellaria baicalensis were very diverse, but there were some differences in the relative abundances of microbial taxa. Correlation analysis revealed that the bacterial genera Rubrobacter, Ellin6055, Gaiella, norank__f__norank__o___norank__c__bacteriap25, unclassified__f__Micromonosporaceae, norank__f__ Gemmatimonadaceae, Arthrobacter, and Sphingomonas and the fungal genera Tausonia, Minimedusa, Cercospora, Botrytis, Alternaria, Boeremia, Titaea, Solicoccozyma, and Mortierella were positively or negatively correlated with each active component of Scutellaria baicalensis and were important genera affecting the accumulation of the active compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis and correlated with soil physiochemistry to different degrees. These results suggest that rhizosphere microorganisms may play a role in the accumulation of active compounds in medicinal plants and provide a scientific basis for guiding the cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis, developing biofertilizers, and improving the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis medicinal materials.
Exploring the Role of Accounting Information in Managing Nigeria's Foreign Exchange and Inflation
Authors: Obafemi Fatoki Jacob , Ayilara Mobolaji Akeem
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore how accounting information affects economic factors' management, concentrating on the foreign exchange rate and the inflationary pressure of Nigeria. Based on previous works, data, and information systems are highlighted as the key sources of information used for decision-making, policy interventions, and the mitigation of the effects of economic instability and volatility on growth. Cross-sectional research design and a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to gather data from Dangote Group representatives cut from different departments. The study reveals a significant positive correlation between the use of accounting information and management of exchange rate volatility and mitigation of inflationary pressure. Attendees of the workshop by and large come to the agreement that accounting information is a vital element for enhancing transparency, accountability, and decision-making effectiveness. The research provides evidence of the value of training programs, technological innovation, network formation, policy provisions, and regular monitoring to fully exploit the potential of accounting information for economic management. The findings presented here are prospective in the sense that they will help policymakers, regulators, businesses, and investors to use accounting information more effectively, and hence promote both economic stability and sustainability in Nigeria. As a whole, we can say that this survey provides a basis for growing the field of accounting information and uncovering its impact on economic challenges and resiliency in dynamic economic contexts.
Profile of Numeracy Literacy Ability and Self-Efficacy of Students in Mathematics Education
Authors: Etika Indah , Kamid  , Rohati
Published: December 2024

Numeracy literacy is an essential part of supporting a student's future success. This study aims to describe the profile of numeracy literacy to determine its correlation with the self-efficacy of Integrated Islamic Elementary School Nurul Ilmi Jambi students from the perspective of mathematics learning. The approach used in this study is quantitative descriptive. Data in this study were collected through test techniques. Tests were conducted on two variables, namely numeracy literacy skills and self-efficacy. The population in this study was 268 grade VI students, while the sample was 29 grade VIB students who were taken randomly after the entire population was tested for homogeneity. The data were analyzed using two stages, namely the first determining the classification of the numeracy literacy ability profile into "high", "medium," and "low" groups. The second data analysis stage is to conduct a Pearson correlation test with the help of SPSS 25. The results of the study showed that, in general, the profile of numeracy literacy skills is in the "moderate" category, with an average score of 16. As for the self-efficacy variable, it obtained an average score of 25.8 in the "moderate" category. In addition, based on the correlation test, it is known that there is a significant positive correlation between the numeracy literacy score and the self-efficacy of students, with a correlation value of 0.433. Therefore, teachers must implement more systematic and integrated mathematics learning planning to increase students' self-efficacy. The increase in self-efficacy could improve students' numeracy literacy skills.
Study on Secondary School Mathematics Teaching Based on Blended Teaching Model in China
Authors: Zheng Zixuan , Liu Huafeng
Published: December 2024

Blended teaching is of great significance for improving the quality of secondary school mathematics teaching and students' interest in learning mathematics. In recent years, some scholars have done research on the blended teaching model of secondary school mathematics, but there has not been any literature to sort out and summarize them. In order to determine the aspects included in the current research on secondary school mathematics teaching based on blended teaching, and to identify the deficiencies in the current research. This paper adopts the method of literature analysis to analyze the previous studies. That's 14 articles in all and draws the following conclusions: (1) Previous research mainly focuses on five aspects, the analysis of the current situation, the connotation of blended teaching, the advantages and significance of blended teaching, the implementation strategy of blended teaching in secondary school mathematics, and specific cases. (2) The research methods are relatively single, mainly qualitative research and less quantitative research. (3) The researchers are mostly teachers in secondary schools, and there are fewer studies by university professors and educational experts. (4) The research content are similar, most scholars have divided the blended teaching into three phases: before, during and after class, respectively, starting from how to do it online and offline, and the combination of online resources and offline teaching is shallow. (5) There are still some blank spots to be researched. For example, the challenges and deficiencies of blended teaching in secondary schools in China and how to deal with them; how blended teaching should be carried out in rural and remote areas; how to evaluate under blended teaching of mathematics in secondary schools. Therefore, it is necessary for future research to conduct deeper research on secondary school mathematics teaching under blended teaching with diversified research methods.
Unraveling the Multifactorial Determinants of Miscarriage: Insights from SEM Analysis of Maternal Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors, and Antenatal Care
Authors: Wanyonyi Samson W.
Published: December 2024

Background: This paper establishes that miscarriage is still a major determinant of maternal health, with the implication that factors such as maternal age, lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status and antenatal care visits affect the condition. This knowledge of factors involved can help in designing ways of ensuring they do not lead to miscarriages.
Objective: The purpose of this work was to examine the relationship between a range of maternal lifestyle behaviors, education, visits to the antenatal care facility, and miscarriage rates by using structural equation modelling (SEM).
Methods: Assuming a female population of 2000, data was generated on Maternal Age, education, Smoking, alcohol, exercise, Antenatal Care visits and an outcome variable representing miscarriage. SEM was employed to test the hypothesized relationships of these variables with Latent Lifestyle Risks captured under the observed behavior (smoking, alcohol use, exercise). To check the model fit, the following fit measure was used; Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR).
Results: Consequently, the assumption of good model fit in the current SEM was obtained with CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.033, and SRMR = 0.021. Hence in this study maternal age was significantly related to miscarriage risk (Estimate = 0.028, p < 0.001), while higher level of education was inversely inclined to miscarriage (Estimate = -0.042, p < 0.001). Latent Lifestyle Risks were identified to have a positive relationship with miscarriages (Estimate = 0.200, p < 0.001 while antenatal care visits have a negative association with miscarriage risks (Estimate = -0.022, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Descriptive findings also reveal that maternal age, specific lifestyle patterns, educational attainment and utilization of antenatal care services are potential determinants of miscarriage. We found that offering changes to lifestyle behaviors and increasing the accessibility of antenatal care could lower miscarriage risk, and hence there can be great potential in public health approaches which address such factors to enhance the quality of maternal health.
Current Situation, Challenges and Opportunities of Agriculture in Afghanistan
Authors: Sarfarazi Samiullah , Mohammadi Fazal Mohammad
Published: December 2024

This article provides a quick and brief assessment of the present condition, difficulties, and prospects of Afghanistan's agriculture industry. It discusses essential issues of the Afghan agricultural sector, including its relevance in the country’s economy and the potential for growth and reduction of poverty. Despite its limitations, Afghanistan has economic prospects, including export potential, investment in irrigation projects, uncultivated agricultural land, availability of modern technology, private sector investment, and agroecological zones. Investing in irrigation infrastructure, using modern technology, and private-sector participation may considerably boost agricultural output and economic growth. The government plays an important role in supporting agriculture through policies like subsidies, scientific research and development, extension programs, and measures to increase productivity and financial access.
Grain Yield, Growth and Yield Components of Maize as Influenced by Irrigation Intervals and Irrigation Levels
Authors: M. P. Niveditha , Sridhara S. , C. J. Sridhara, , Naik T. Basavaraj , Pradeep S. , Ganapathi
Published: December 2024

Irrigation intervals influence the soil moisture, plant stress where irrigation levels determine water availability based on environmental demand with their combined management was crucial for optimizing maize growth and yield under varying irrigation conditions.  Maize responds differently to varying irrigation intervals and levels influencing the growth and yield of a crop. A field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial concept comprised of eight treatments with two irrigation intervals (irrigation at five days and ten days) and four irrigation levels (1.0, 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 CPE) were evaluated at Centre for climate resilient agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences (KSNUAHS), Shivamogga, during summer season of 2023.  Irrigation at five-day intervals with 1.0 CPE significantly improved grain yield (9835 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (15016 kg ha⁻¹), harvest index (0.40), grain yield per plant (181.53 g), test weight (26.51 g), grains per cob (587.33), plant height (196.25 cm), number of leaves (10.63) and stem girth (7.46 cm).The plant height, number of leaves, number of grains per cob and test weight exhibited strong positive correlation with grain yield emphasizing their role in enhancing maize productivity under varying irrigation levels. The optimal irrigation strategies for maize, emphasizing the effects of different irrigation intervals and levels on growth and yield. It provides practical insights for sustainable water management and maximizing productivity particularly under resource constraints.
Antioxidant Activity from the Leaves of Different Citrus (Citrus species) under Sub-tropical Conditions of Punjab
Authors: Kaur Manjot , Hari Satveer Kaur , Ahmed Shah Nawaz , Kaur Mehakpreet , Singh Harkirat
Published: December 2024

The lab experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 to assess the antioxidant activity from the leaves of different citrus (Citrus species) in the laboratories of Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU). The leaves of different citrus species were procured from the orchard of Department of Agriculture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib world University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. The antioxidant activity of leaves of different citrus species (lime, lemon, pummelo, mandarin, grapefruit and sweet orange) were measured using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. For anti-oxidant properties studies, about 35 leaves/species were collected from the orchard of citrus. They were cleaned with running water, freed of dust and then shadow dried in the shade and then transferred to a hot air oven for 24 hours at 40. Until a stable weight. Drying leaves will be formed into fine powder by using grinder method. After it, the powder was closed in a tight container and stored in a cool and dry place. The results of lab analysis revealed that the antioxidant activity of leaves extract of citrus species in both assays viz. DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP assay showed that the highest activity was displayed by grapefruit with an IC₅₀ = 2.492 mg/ml and EC₅₀=0.835 mg/ml whereas, the least activity was revealed by sweet orange species with an IC₅₀= 4.113 mg/ml and EC₅₀ = 2.240 mg/ml. Thus, this knowledge could be utilized subsequently by food ingredients industries for various applications and innovation, specifically related to flavour compounds.
Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
Authors: Singh Kalyan , Ram C. N. , Neetu  , Singh D. K. , Maurya Nishakant , Singh Anurag , Kumar Mohit
Published: December 2024

The present investigation was carried out with a view to study the extent of variability, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance in per cent of mean in fennel during Rabi season 2018-19 in Augmented Block Design. Plant spacing of 60cm x 40cm and each genotypes were grown in the plot size of 2.0 m x 1.2 m. The observations were recorded on ten characters. In Analysis of variance, the variances due to checks and genotypes were highly significant for all the characters, while, the variance due to blocks were significant for days to 50%flowering, number of umbels per plant and number of umbellets per umbel. Based on mean performance NDF-1, NDF-2, NDF-58, NDF-59, NDF-55, NDF-60 and NDF-76 were observed as significant and most promising genotypes for seed yield per plant and its component traits. The estimates of phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits. High magnitudes of variability PCV and GCV were observed in case of seed yield per plant (37.12, 36.95) followed by number of umbels per plant (30.89, 29.78), number of branches per plant (28.25, 22.92), weight of grains per umbel (26.02, 24.01) and number of umbellets per umbel (21.29,19.80). High heritability was observed for all the characters except number of branches per plant (65.83%) having moderate heritability. While, high genetic advance in per cent of mean was estimated for seed yield per plant (75.76) followed by number of umbels per plant (59.13). The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean was estimated for maximum characters which indicated opportunity for selection response.
Sorting nexin 6 interacts with Cullin3 and regulates programmed death ligand 1 expression
Authors: Ghosh Chinmoy , Xing Yanli , Li Suhua , Hoyle Rosalie G. , Sun Ming , Li Jiong , Sun Yue
Published: September 2021

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is critical for the ability of cancer cells to evade attacks by the host immune system. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling PD‐L1 expression have not been fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that sorting nexin 6 (SNX6) is a novel regulator of PD‐L1 expression. Knockdown of SNX6 in cancer cells significantly decreases PD‐L1 protein levels. In contrast, loss of SNX6 does not reduce PD‐L1 mRNA levels. Instead, SNX6 interacts with Cullin3, an E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for PD‐L1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. By binding with Cullin3, SNX6 decreases the interaction between the adaptor protein speckle‐type POZ protein and Cullin3, which in turn downregulates Cullin3‐mediated PD‐L1 ubiquitination. This research reveals a novel molecular nexus in modulating PD‐L1.
Blood‐based detection of lung cancer using cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) as a circulating protein biomarker: a pilot study
Authors: Ačkar Lucija , Casjens Swaantje , Andreas Antje , Raiko Irina , Brüning Thomas , Geffken Maria , Peine Sven , Kollmeier Jens , Johnen Georg , Bartkowiak Kai , Weber Daniel Gilbert , Pantel Klaus
Published: September 2021

Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer and the main cause of cancer deaths in the world compared with other tumor entities. To date, the only screening method for high‐risk lung cancer patients is low‐dosed computed tomography which still suffers from high false‐positive rates and overdiagnosis. Therefore, there is an obvious need to identify biomarkers for the detection of lung cancer that could be used to guide the use of low‐dosed computed tomography or other imaging procedures. We aimed to assess the performance of the protein cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) as a circulating biomarker for the detection of lung cancer. CYR61 concentrations in plasma were significantly elevated in 87 lung cancer patients (13.7 ± 18.6 ng·mL−1) compared with 150 healthy controls (0.29 ± 0.22 ng·mL−1). Subset analysis stratified by sex revealed increased CYR61 concentrations for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in men compared with women. For male lung cancer patients versus male healthy controls, the sensitivity was 84% at a specificity of 100%, whereas for females, the sensitivity was 27% at a specificity of 99%. The determination of circulating CYR61 protein in plasma might improve the detection of lung cancer in men. The findings of this pilot study support further verification of CYR61 as a biomarker for lung cancer detection in men. Additionally, CYR61 is significantly elevated in women but sensitivity and specificity for CYR61 are too low for the improvement of the detection of lung cancer in women.
Optimized two‐step electroporation process to achieve efficient nonviral‐mediated gene insertion into primary T cells
Authors: Yang Ming , Tkach Diane , Boyne Alex , Kazancioglu Selena , Duclert Aymeric , Poirot Laurent , Duchateau Philippe , Juillerat Alexandre
Published: September 2021

The development of gene editing technologies over the past years has allowed the precise and efficient insertion of transgenes into the genome of various cell types. Knock‐in approaches using homology‐directed repair and designer nucleases often rely on viral vectors, which can considerably impact the manufacturing cost and timeline of gene‐edited therapeutic products. An attractive alternative would be to use naked DNA as a repair template. However, such a strategy faces challenges such as cytotoxicity from double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) to primary cells. Here, we sought to study the kinetics of transcription activator‐like effector nuclease (TALEN)‐mediated gene editing in primary T cells to improve nonviral gene knock‐in. Harnessing this knowledge, we developed a rapid and efficient gene insertion strategy based on either short single‐stranded oligonucleotides or large (2 Kb) linear naked dsDNA sequences. We demonstrated that a time‐controlled two‐step transfection protocol can substantially improve the efficiency of nonviral transgene integration in primary T cells. Using this approach, we achieved modification of up to ˜ 30% of T cells when inserting a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) at the T‐cell receptor alpha constant region (TRAC) locus to generate ‘off‐the shelf’ CAR‐T cells.
Lactate administration does not affect denervation‐induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass in mice
Authors: Takahashi Kenya , Kitaoka Yu , Matsunaga Yutaka , Hatta Hideo
Published: September 2021

Lactate is considered to be a signaling molecule that induces mitochondrial adaptation and muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to examine whether lactate administration attenuates denervation‐induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass. Eight‐week‐old male Institute of Cancer Research mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection surgery. The contralateral hindlimb served as a sham‐operated control. From the day of surgery, mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS or sodium lactate (equivalent to 1 g·kg−1 body weight) once daily for 9 days. After 10 days of denervation, gastrocnemius muscle weight decreased to a similar extent in both the PBS‐ and lactate‐injected groups. Denervation significantly decreased mitochondrial enzyme activity, protein content, and MCT4 protein content in the gastrocnemius muscle. However, lactate administration did not have any significant effects. The current observations suggest that daily lactate administration for 9 days does not affect denervation‐induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass.
Extracellular RNA transfer from non‐malignant human cholangiocytes can promote cholangiocarcinoma growth
Authors: Ota Yu , Takahashi Kenji , Otake Shin , Tamaki Yosui , Okada Mitsuyoshi , Yan Irene , Aso Kazunobu , Fujii Satoshi , Patel Tushar , Haneda Masakazu
Published: September 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EV) within the cellular secretome are emerging as modulators of pathological processes involved in tumor growth through their ability to transfer donor‐derived RNA into recipient cells. While the effects of tumor and stromal cell EVs within the tumor microenvironment have been studied, less is known about the contributions of normal, nontransformed cells. We examined the impact of EVs within the cellular secretome from nonmalignant cells on transformed cell growth and behavior in cholangiocarcinoma cells. These effects were enhanced in the presence of the pro‐fibrogenic mediator TGF‐β. We identified miR‐195 as a TGF‐β responsive miRNA in normal cells that can be transferred via EV to tumor cells and regulate cell growth, invasion, and migration. The effects of miR‐195 involve modulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition through direct effects on the transcription factor Snail. These studies provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for the impact of normal cellular secretome on transformed cell growth, show the importance of EV RNA transfer, and identify mechanisms of EV‐mediated transfer of miRNA as a contributor to tumor development, which may provide new therapeutic opportunities for targeting human cholangiocarcinoma.
Reduced MAGI3 level by HPV18E6 contributes to Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activation and cervical cancer progression
Authors: Yang Zhuoli , Liu Hua , Song Ran , Lu Wenxiu , Wang Haibo , Gu Siyu , Cao Xuedi , Chen Yibin , Liang Jihuan , Qin Qiong , Yang Xiaomei , Feng Duiping , He Junqi
Published: September 2021

Human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) has high carcinogenic power in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) development. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The carcinogenic properties of HPV18 require the PDZ‐binding motif of its E6 oncoprotein (HPV18 E6) to degrade its target PSD95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that the PDZ protein membrane‐associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3 (MAGI3) inhibited the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and subsequently cervical cancer (CC) cell migration and invasion, via decreasing β‐catenin levels. By reducing MAGI3 protein levels, HPV18 E6 promoted CC cell migration and invasion through activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Furthermore, HPV18 rather than HPV16 was preferentially associated with the downregulation of MAGI3 and activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in CC. These findings shed light on the mechanism that gives HPV18 its high carcinogenic potential in CC progression.
Immigrants and the politics of belonging: Learning in the shadows
Authors: Robinson Petra A. , Scott Jennifer L.
Published: September 2021

In the United States, issues facing immigrants are fundamentally intertwined with racial justice. Through a critical, human‐rights perspective, we examine how immigrants engage with adult learning, paying particular attention to the history of immigration and policy as it frames lives often described as lived “in the shadows.” Challenges facing immigrants vary by country of origin and motivation for migration, as well as reception to the United States, their White race, and immigration status. We describe educational services and opportunities in adult and higher education for immigrant learners as well as how adult education can support immigrant incorporation. We conclude by discussing the incorporation of nontraditional, critical literacies into adult education curricula to build supportive learning environments not only for immigrant, but all adult learners.
Black queer and transgendered adult learners in the era of the Black Lives Matter movement: A call for safe spaces
Authors: Bowman Lorenzo
Published: September 2021

LGBTQ contributors to civil rights movements have had to remain silent and refrain from living openly in order to be included in the fight for equality. While their artistic contributions have been noted, they have been largely excluded from past civil rights movements. The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement offers new‐found hope for inclusion. BLM was founded on the principles of full inclusion of LGBTQ individuals. While this is noteworthy, it has not been without controversy because in order to embrace full inclusion, it was necessary for BLM to locate itself outside of the traditional Black church. Nevertheless, this has not negated the progress of BLM and its quest for equality. BLM's call for full inclusion challenges the field of adult education to examine its current practices and to create safe spaces for learning.
Police brutality and the militarization of Black and Brown communities: Transforming the culture of policing through education and training
Authors: Normore Anthony H. , Scott Wellington R.
Published: September 2021

This article examines police brutality and the militarization of Black and Brown communities in the United States. Specifically, we explored African Americans’ experiences with the criminal justice system by tracing the school to prison pipeline. It will document policies and practices that have historically contributed to the criminalization of Blacks. We will present the life conditions of adjudicated youth and adults in their quest for education, work, and affordable housing. It makes the case for transforming the culture of policing through anti‐racist education and training programs.
Advocating for social justice, equity, and inclusion in the workplace: An agenda for anti‐racist learning organizations
Authors: Bohonos Jeremy W. , Sisco Stephanie
Published: September 2021

Amidst ongoing racist violence in the United States, this article will recognize workplace‐based efforts to act against racially motivated discrimination targeted at the Black community. More specifically, this article will examine anti‐racist initiatives in the workplace by connecting these efforts to broader discussions of human rights, organizational social justice, and the Black Lives Matter movement. Culturally responsive leadership approaches, ally development efforts, employee resource groups, and mentorship/sponsorship programs are among the leading strategies currently used by employers to resist workplace racism; and thereby, each of these initiatives will be reviewed to illustrate how they drive organizational efforts, foster anti‐racist workplace cultures, and work against antiblackness. To consider how this work can be improved, the article concludes with suggestions for how academic HRD programs can reform curriculum to prepare graduates to be drivers of organizational social justice.
Politics, policies, and a human rights agenda for racialized minorities: The role of adult education
Authors: Martin Larry G. , Apugo Danielle
Published: September 2021

As we have witnessed under the Trump Administration, policies can negatively impact adults’ livelihoods. Now more than ever, it is imperative that adult education organizations coalesce their resources and efforts to promote policies and agendas that serve our most vulnerable adult learners. This article will explore a framework to understand the historic struggle for social justice and governmental policies impacting adult education. It will also critically analyze how adult education research is poised to influence policy and how associations can partner for greater impact.
Preparing adult educators for racial justice
Authors: Isaac‐Savage E. Paulette , Merriweather Lisa R.
Published: September 2021

Adult educators are often seen as proponents of social justice but what does it really mean to be an advocate for racial justice in and outside the classroom?  Draconian policies implemented by the Trump administration have placed additional hardships on Americans. The increasing attacks on education have clear ramifications for adults in formal and informal contexts. In this article, the authors will explore how adult educators can become not only allies for social justice but also advocates and accomplices for racial justice through curriculum, instruction, and altered perceptions. Social justice is a broad term capturing all aspects of injustice. Racial justice focuses squarely on injustices due to race and racism.
L1CAM variants cause two distinct imaging phenotypes on fetal MRI
Authors: Accogli Andrea , Goergen Stacy , Izzo Giana , Mankad Kshitij , Krajden Haratz Karina , Parazzini Cecilia , Fahey Michael , Menzies Lara , Baptista Julia , Carpineta Lucia , Tortora Domenico , Fulcheri Ezio , Gaetano Vellone Valerio , Paladini Dario , Spaccini Luigina , Toto Valentina , Trayers Claire , Ben Sira Liat , Reches Adi , Malinger Gustavo , Salpietro Vincenzo , De Marco Patrizia , Srour Myriam , Zara Federico , Capra Valeria , Rossi Andrea , Severino Mariasavina
Published: September 2021

Data on fetal MRI in L1 syndrome are scarce with relevant implications for parental counseling and surgical planning. We identified two fetal MR imaging patterns in 10 fetuses harboring L1CAM mutations: the first, observed in 9 fetuses was characterized by callosal anomalies, diencephalosynapsis, and a distinct brainstem malformation with diencephalic–mesencephalic junction dysplasia and brainstem kinking. Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, aqueductal stenosis, obstructive hydrocephalus, and pontine hypoplasia were variably associated. The second pattern observed in one fetus was characterized by callosal dysgenesis, reduced white matter, and pontine hypoplasia. The identification of these features should alert clinicians to offer a prenatal L1CAM testing.
Disordering of L12 Phase in High‐Entropy Alloy Deformed at Cryogenic Temperature
Authors: Liu Hung-Chih , Kuo Chia-Ming , Shen Pai-Keng , Huang Cheng-Yao , Yen Hung-Wei , Tsai Che-Wei
Published: September 2021

Recently, novel high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) of Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni–Ti systems containing face‐centered cubic (FCC) matrix and γ′ precipitates (L12 phase) have been studied. They show superior mechanical properties at room (298 K) and cryogenic temperatures (77 K). Herein, microstructure deformation and fracture after tensile strain are investigated. The results show that multiple‐layered stacking faults occur after the tensile test at 77 K, which can increase the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength by 20% and 24%, respectively. The γ′ precipitates become disordered after the alloy deforms at 77 K, which decreases the formation barrier of mechanical twinning and increases ductility at 77 K by 27%.
Removal of Iron from a Secondary Al–Si Die‐Casting Alloy by Metal Melt Filtration in a Laboratory Filtration Apparatus
Authors: Schoß Johannes Paul , Becker Hanka , Keßler Andreas , Leineweber Andreas , Wolf Gotthard
Published: September 2021

The influence of chemical composition and cooling rate is investigated on a secondary die‐casting alloy with the aim of reduction of iron using metal melt filtration in a specially developed laboratory filtration apparatus. Based on the defined thermal conditions of the device, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) cooling curves are determined to obtain formation temperatures of the primary iron‐containing intermetallic phases (also called sludge phases) for an EN AC‐AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy with different contents of Fe, Mn, and Cr. The DSC samples are then analyzed metallographically, and the results are compared with CalPhaD calculations. After that, the temperature of the sludge formation is adjusted using furnace‐operating curves to confirm the presence of the intermetallic phases by sedimentation and filtration trials. The Fe content is reduced by about 50%, as shown by chemical analysis based on remelted materials in optical emission spectroscopy. The elements Mn and Cr decrease by ≈66% and 86% after filtration at 620 °C, respectively.
Microstructure Refinement and Strengthening–Toughening Mechanisms of Gray Cast Irons Reinforced by In Situ Nanosized TiB2–TiC/Al Master Alloy
Authors: Wang Bingxu , Zhang Yu , Qiu Feng , Cui Weiwei , Hu Zirui , Barber Gary C. , Hu Ming
Published: September 2021

Herein, the effects of addition of TiB2–TiC nanoparticles on the microstructure and tensile properties of as‐cast gray cast irons are investigated. The in situ nanosized TiB2–TiC/Al master alloy is added in the casting process. It is found that the presence of TiB2–TiC nanoparticles refines the graphite flakes and pearlite and increases the yield strength, tensile strength, and fracture strain simultaneously. The strengthening mechanisms are related to grain refining strengthening and Orowan strengthening. The toughening mechanism is related to the scattering behavior of cracks by nanoparticles.
A Constitutive Stress–Strain Law for Metals with Sigmoidal Curves
Authors: Clyne Trevor William , Gu Wenchen
Published: September 2021

A formulation is proposed for true stress–true strain relationships in the plastic regime that exhibit sigmoidal shapes, such as those of certain metastable austenitic stainless steels (MASS). It contains two terms, broadly accounting for contributions to hardening from conventional plasticity and from mechanical stimulation of martensite formation. It is a continuous function, designed to cover the plastic strain range from zero up to several tens of percent. It is shown that it is suitable for capture of a range of curve shapes of this type—experimental data from tensile testing of a MASS alloy over a range of temperature, with good fidelity. The formulation incorporates six independent parameters, although there may be scope for limiting the range of values that they can have, facilitating convergence operations. Information is presented about how convergence is obtained. The equation is thus expected to be suitable for use in finite element method (FEM) models for simulation of plastic deformation in various scenarios, including indentation. Future work will involve exploration of the details of this.
Numerical Assessment of the Immersion Process of a Ceramic Foam Filter in a Steel Melt
Authors: Asad Amjad , Lehmann Henry , Jung Bernhard , Schwarze Rüdiger
Published: September 2021

Herein, the immersion process of a ceramic foam filter in a steel melt is investigated by means of numerical simulations, which are mainly based on the volume of fluid approach. The geometry of the used filters is modeled using an artificially generated beam model, which is convolved with a Gaussian kernel. The modeling approach enables the generation of filter geometries with, e.g., pore density and strut thickness similar to real ceramic foam filters. The main scope of the article is to show the effect of the immersion velocity of the filter on the formation of gas bubbles inside the pore cavities of the ceramic filter. Moreover, the influence of the contact angle on the volume fraction of gas bubbles, which remain in the filter, is investigated. For better understanding, the numerical results are underlined using 3D visualization and virtual reality.
Powder‐Metallurgical Fabrication and Electrical Contact Resistance Characterization of Copper–Nickel Composites Reinforced by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: García Daniel , Suárez Sebastián , Aristizábal Katherine , Mücklich Frank
Published: September 2021

This article studies copper (Cu)‐based composites alloyed with nickel (Ni) and reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fabricated via powder metallurgy under pressureless sintering methodology and vacuum. Different compositions of matrices containing 0, 3, and 30 wt% Ni are compared after sintering at 550 and 750 °C. The formation of phases for the different compositions is analyzed by high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) in the solid‐state range up to 800 °C, in which reduction of oxides along with the sintering can be identified. Subsequently, the matrices are reinforced with pristine multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) in contents of 0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% prior to sintering, whose dispersion is influenced by the powder's morphology. A custom‐made electrical contact resistance (ECR) setup is used to investigate the electrical behavior of the sintered samples, which, particularly, allows the identification of improvements in electrical conduction of samples containing 0.5 wt% CNT and 3 wt% Ni. A reduction in chemical incompatibilities between Cu and CNT can be attributed to the presence of Ni in solid solution.
Design Study for Multifunctional 3D Re‐entrant Auxetics
Authors: Bronder Stefan , Herter Franziska , Röhrig Anabel , Bähre Dirk , Jung Anne
Published: September 2021

The increasing demands of safety, cost reduction, or weight reduction on components call for new, multifunctional materials. Mechanical metamaterials, such as auxetic materials, provide enhanced properties due to a specially tailored microstructure. The negative Poisson's ratio of auxetics, for instance, increases the impact and thermal shock resistance. Herein, a parametrized model of a modified auxetic structure is simulated using the finite‐element software ABAQUS. Three out of five geometry parameters are varied between a minimum and maximum value to establish their impact on the energy absorption capacity and the Poisson's ratio using design of experiment (DoE). All eight resulting structures are additively manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) and experimentally investigated under uniaxial compression to validate the simulations. The size of a unit cell has the biggest impact on both target values. Energy absorption capacity and Poisson's ratio are directly competing in optimization; hence, a compromise is necessary. The quasistatic compression experiments verify the simulation results up to the first collapse. Afterward, the specimens are brittle, which is not accounted for in the simulations, and this may result from the high process complexity of SLM manufacturing.
Mechanical Properties of Rolled Copper Foils in Cryogenic and Room‐Temperature Environments
Authors: Yu Hailiang , Zhao Xiangshuai , Kong Charlie
Published: September 2021

The mechanical properties of high‐purity asymmetric rolled copper foils under cryogenic‐temperature and room‐temperature conditions are studied. The experimental results show that the ultimate tensile stress of the foils increases to a certain value (rolling reduction ratio ≈80%) and then decreases with a decrease in thickness when the tensile tests are carried out in the room‐temperature environment, which monotonically increases with the decrease in the foil thickness when the tensile tests are carried out in a cryogenic environment. The effect on the tensile strength of the copper foil is related to the intrinsic microstructural parameters, such as the dislocation density, grain boundary spacing, and dislocation source. The tensile test results at room and cryogenic temperatures reveal that the elongation decreases with an increase in the rolling reduction ratio. Interestingly, the copper foils of the tensile test at the cryogenic temperature exhibit better elongation than that at the room temperature.
Plasmon–Exciton Interactions: Spontaneous Emission and Strong Coupling
Authors: Wei Hong , Yan Xiaohong , Niu Yijie , Li Qiang , Jia Zhili , Xu Hongxing
Published: September 2021

The extraordinary optical properties of surface plasmons in metal nanostructures provide the possibilities to enhance and accelerate the spontaneous emission, and manipulate the decay and emission processes of quantum emitters. The extremely small mode volume of plasmonic nanocavities also benefits the realization of plasmon–exciton strong coupling. Here, the progress on the study of plasmon modified spontaneous emission and plasmon–exciton strong coupling are reviewed. The fundamentals of surface plasmons and quantum emitters, and the methods for assembling coupling systems of plasmonic nanostructures and quantum emitters are first introduced. Then the major aspects of plasmon modified spontaneous emission, including emission intensity, lifetime, spectral profile, direction, polarization, and energy transfer are reviewed. The coupling of quantum emitters and plasmonic waveguides is then discussed. Next, the developments of strong coupling between plasmonic structures and various quantum emitters are reviewed. Finally a few applications are highlighted followed by conclusions and outlook.
Optical Microelectromechanical Systems Technologies for Spectrally Adaptive Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Martyniuk Mariusz , Silva K. K. M. B. Dilusha , Putrino Gino , Kala Hemendra , Tripathi Dhirendra Kumar , Singh Gill Gurpreet , Faraone Lorenzo
Published: September 2021

Evolving from past black‐and‐white images, through present red‐green‐blue spectral colors, future remote imaging systems promise spectroscopic functionalities extending well beyond the visible wavelengths. This allows real‐time spectral information to be gathered from multiple wavelength bands that is applicable to numerous remote sensing spectroscopy/imaging applications and aids target recognition. This paper reviews the wavelength tunable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) optical filter technologies developed for the important infrared and the emerging terahertz wavelength bands of the electromagnetic spectrum with the fabrication effort being enabled by the Western Australian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility. A low size, weight and power (SWaP) platform solution is demonstrated delivering mechanically robust, field‐portable, spectroscopic, chem/bio sensing suitable for deployment in remote sensing and imaging applications.
Non‐Classical Electrostriction in Hydrated Acceptor Doped BaZrO3: Proton Trapping and Dopant Size Effect
Authors: Makagon Evgeniy , Kraynis Olga , Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim , Lubomirsky Igor
Published: September 2021

Point defects such as oxygen vacancies and protonic interstitials are not only essential for ionic conductivity in oxides since they also affect the mechanical and electromechanical properties. These properties of nominally dry and hydrated proton‐conducting BaZr0.85M0.15O2.925+δH2δ (M = Al, Ga, Sc, In, Y, Eu) ceramics are investigated. Doping decreases Young's modulus with increasing ionic radii difference between the dopant and the host. Nominally dry samples show consistently higher Young's moduli than hydrated samples. All samples exhibit large non‐classical electrostriction, with a negative electrostriction coefficient M33<0. M33 shows saturation with the field and a non‐ideal Debye relaxation with frequency. The low‐frequency M33 value for both dry and hydrated samples shows a similar dependence on dopant radius as Young's modulus. For the hydrated samples, the relaxation frequency increases by a factor >100 in the series Ga‐Y, emphasizing the importance of proton trapping, with Y‐doped samples having minimal trapping energy. This coincides with the fact that the saturation strain for Y‐doped samples is also the smallest. In light of these findings, it is concluded that the present data give strong evidence for the existence of defect‐related elastic dipoles in acceptor doped barium zirconate and that the non‐classical electrostriction originates in their reorientation under electric field.
Lighting the Path: Light Delivery Strategies to Activate Photoresponsive Biomaterials In Vivo
Authors: Pearson Samuel , Feng Jun , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: September 2021

Photoresponsive biomaterials are experiencing a transition from in vitro models to in vivo demonstrations that point toward clinical translation. Dynamic hydrogels for cell encapsulation, light‐responsive carriers for controlled drug delivery, and nanomaterials containing photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy are relevant examples. Nonetheless, the step to the clinic largely depends on their combination with technologies to bring light into the body. This review highlights the challenge of photoactivation in vivo, and presents strategies for light management that can be adopted for this purpose. The authors’ focus is on technologies that are materials‐driven, particularly upconversion nanoparticles that assist in “direct path” light delivery through tissue, and optical waveguides that “clear the path” between external light source and in vivo target. The authors’ intention is to assist the photoresponsive biomaterials community transition toward medical technologies by presenting light delivery concepts that can be integrated with the photoresponsive targets. The authors also aim to stimulate further innovation in materials‐based light delivery platforms by highlighting needs and opportunities for in vivo photoactivation of biomaterials.