bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Gravity by Entropy
Authors: Fujino Seiji
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we introduce generalized entropy, the acceleration of its entropy and its the partial entropy. We assume that generalized entropy can be expressed as a second-order polynomial by applying the idea of logistics function to its entropy. In other words, we assume that the acceleration of generalized entropy is a constant. Besides, we show that the inverse of the partial entropy can express Newton's classical gravity, which is an inverse square law. By applying these concepts, we attempt to explain that 1) Gravity is constant within small distances with some conditions, It is possible that there exists 6-states within the distance R is small. Furthermore, within small distance, we show the possibility that the gravitational potential and the Coulomb potential can be treated in the same way. that 2) The rotation speed of a galaxy does not depend on its radius if the radius is within the size level of the universe. (the galactic rotation curve problem), and that 3) The gravitational acceleration toward the center changes at long distances compared to the classical theory of gravity. Furthermore, we show that the possibility of the existence of some constants which controls gravity and the speed of galaxies, and that gravity may relate on entropy.
The Optimal Choice of the Encoder-Decoder Model Components for Image Captioning
Authors: Bartosiewicz Mateusz , Iwanowski Marcin
Published: August 2024

Image captioning aims at generating meaningful verbal descriptions of a digital image. Our paper focuses on the classic encoder-decoder deep learning model that consists of several components – sub-networks, each performing a separate task that, combined, form an effective caption generator. We investigate image feature extractors, recurrent neural networks, word embedding models, and word generation layers and discuss how each component influences the captioning model’s overall performance. Our experiments are performed on the MS COCO 2014 dataset. The results help design efficient models with optimal combinations of their components.
Deep Learning Approach for Bubble Detection and Segmentation with YOLOv5
Authors: Sharma Amit , Eickhoff Jan Moritz , Echterhof Thomas , Wuppermann Christian
Published: August 2024

Interaction between multiple phases especially liquid-gas is one of the most common phenomena in industrial systems. Computer Vision enables modern systems to derive an automated and robust image-processing technique to address this issue. However, diverse experimental conditions still make it a challenging task to overcome. In Deep Learning, instance segmentation has created a niche in various computer vision applications as it aims to provide different instance IDs to objects belonging to the same class. In this paper, we propose a novel approach employing the YOLO (You Look Only Once) an end-to-end deep learning architecture for the detection and segmentation of bubbles in fluid flows. YOLOv5 offers significant improvements in both speed and accuracy compared to its predecessors like YOLOv3. Therefore, we train the YOLOv5 network on a dataset consisting of annotated images representing instances of bubbles across varied fluid flow environments. This paper provides both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of three YOLOv5 networks (small, medium, and extra-large) in detecting and segmenting bubbles with high accuracy and efficiency. Based on the metrics all three YOLOv5 models achieved high precision above 0.98 for bounding box detection and 0.97 for segmentation mask, and high recall value greater than 0.97 for box and 0.96 for mask quality was achieved. The achieved results indicate that the models accurately localize bubbles within the image frame, and distinguish bubble pixels from the background. Also, mean average precision (mAP50-95) consistently exceeds 0.84 across all models for the bounding box and 0.73 for the segmentation mask. The ascertained results emphasize the potential of YOLOv5 architecture as a powerful tool for automated bubble analysis in real-world applications. Our research contributes to advancing the field of deep neural networks in fluid systems and provides a fresh approach for future developments in automated bubble analysis.
From One Heath to One Sustainability. The Role of Contagious Mastitis Pathogens in Decreasing the Dairy Herd Sustainability
Authors: Zaghen Francesca , Sora Valerio Massimo , Zanirato Giampaolo , Zecconi Alfonso
Published: August 2024

Economic, social, and environmental sustainability are the results of efforts aiming to improve all aspects of milk production, respecting animal welfare and improving herd health. An epidemi-ological study was designed to assess the role of contagious pathogens (S. aureus and S.agalactiae) in a cohort of 120 dairy herds located in the southern regions of Italy. Milk quality was assessed using certified methods, and the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Welfare scores were assessed using a scoring card that have more than 100 items, including animal-based measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using general lineal model and logistic regression procedures. The results showed that S. aureus had a significant negative effect on the amount of milk components delivered to the dairy plant, and on the level of welfare. Whereas, the presence of S.agalactiae did not show any significant association. The major risk factors associated with the presence of S.aureus were also identified to help prioritise control programs. These results support the “One Sustainability” approach im-plying that an increase of animal productivity is related to the improvement of animal health and welfare and potentially leading to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.Economic, social, and environmental sustainability are the results of efforts aiming to improve all aspects of milk production, respecting animal welfare and improving herd health. An epidemi-ological study was designed to assess the role of contagious pathogens (S. aureus and S.agalactiae) in a cohort of 120 dairy herds located in the southern regions of Italy. Milk quality was assessed using certified methods, and the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Welfare scores were assessed using a scoring card that have more than 100 items, including animal-based measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using general lineal model and logistic regression procedures. The results showed that S. aureus had a significant negative effect on the amount of milk components delivered to the dairy plant, and on the level of welfare. Whereas, the presence of S.agalactiae did not show any significant association. The major risk factors associated with the presence of S.aureus were also identified to help prioritise control programs. These results support the “One Sustainability” approach im-plying that an increase of animal productivity is related to the improvement of animal health and welfare and potentially leading to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Listening Inventory for Education-Revised in Italian
Authors: Nicastri Maria , Dincer D’Alessandro Hilal , Anderson Karen , Ciferri Miriana , Cavalcanti Luca , Greco Antonio , Giallini Ilaria , Portanova Ginevra , Mancini Patrizia
Published: August 2024

Background: There has been a lack of tools to identify listening difficulties in school settings for both hearing and hearing-impaired Italian students. Thus, the present study aimed to realize cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Listening Inventory for Education-Revised for Italian students (LIFE-R-ITA). Methods: Following the validation of two forward-backward translations by a multidisciplinary committee, the content validation for the LIFE-R-ITA was performed by pre-testing six implanted children (8-18 years old). After minor cross-cultural adaptations, normative data were collected from a sample of 223 hearing students enrolled in different school settings and educational degrees. Results: For the LIFE-R-ITA, hearing students showed an average score of 72.26% (SD=11.93), reflecting some listening difficulties. The subscales (LIFE total, LIFE class, and LIFE social) indicated good internal consistency. All items were shown to be relevant. Most challenging situations happened when listening in large rooms, especially when other students made noise. LIFE social scores were significantly worse than those of LIFE class (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The LIFE-R-ITA may support teachers and clinicians in assessing students’ self-perception of listening at school. Such understanding may help students overcome their listening difficulties, by planning and selecting the most effective strategies among classroom interventions.
Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sriramulu Sushmitha , Thoidingjam Shivani , Speers Corey , Nyati Shyam
Published: August 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of estrogen receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and progesterone receptors (PR). TNBC has the poorest prognosis among breast cancer subtypes and is more likely to respond to immunotherapy due to its higher expression of PD-L1 and a greater percentage of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunotherapy has revolutionized TNBC treatment, especially with the FDA's approval of pembrolizumab (Keytruda) combined with chemotherapy for advanced cases, opening new avenues for treating this deadly disease. Although, immunotherapy can significantly improve patient outcomes in a subset of patients, achieving the desired response rate for all remains an unmet clinical goal. Strategies that improve responses to immune checkpoint blockade, including combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, or radiotherapy may improve response rates and clinical outcomes.  In this review, we provide a short background on TNBC and immunotherapy and explore the different types of immunotherapy strategies that are currently being evaluated in TNBC. Additionally, we review why combination strategies may be beneficial, provide an overview of the combination strategies, and discuss the novel immunotherapeutic opportunities that may be approved in the near future for TNBC.
Effects of Prostaglandin E1 and Balloon Atrial Septostomy on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation in Newborns Diagnosed with Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Cucerea Manuela , Ognean Maria-Livia , Pinzariu Alin-Constantin , Simon Marta , Suciu Laura Mihaela , Ghiga Dana-Valentina , Moldovan Elena , Moscalu Mihaela
Published: August 2024

Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is a critical congenital heart defect that can impact neurodevelopment due to cerebral perfusion and oxygenation disorders. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary center between 2016 and 2023, we investigated the early effects of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) administration and balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in inborn neonates with D-TGA. Cerebral Doppler Ultrasound in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was performed to assess resistive index (RI), Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), and End-Diastolic Velocity (EVD) before PGE1, before the BAS procedure and 24 hours after birth. Cerebral regional saturations of oxygen (crSO2) and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) were evaluated. D-TGA patients were divided into the PGE1 group and the PGE1+BAS group. Age-matched healthy controls were used for comparison. Results: All 83 D-TGA newborns received PGE1 within two hours after delivery, of whom 46 (55.42%) underwent BAS. 77 newborns composed the control group. PGE1 administration increased crSO2 from 47% to 50% in the PGE1 group but lower than in controls at 24 hours of life, while cFTOE remained elevated. The RI increased 24 hours after delivery (0.718 vs. 0.769; p=0.000002) due to decreased EDV (10.71 vs. 8.74; p<0.0001) following PGE1 treatment. The BAS procedure resulted in a significant increase in crSO2 from 42% to 51% at 24 hours of life in the PGE1+BAS group. Doppler parameters exhibited a similar trend as observed in the PGE1 group. Conclusion: PGE1 treatment and BAS are lifesaving interventions that may improve cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in newborns with D-TGA during the transition period.
Assessing the Perceived Benefits of Mega-Events during COVID-19: The Case of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games
Authors: Kim Sunghwan , Liu Yanni
Published: August 2024

Mega sporting events play a pivotal role in enabling host cities to stimulate urban regeneration and improvement. Numerous studies have examined the impact of mega sporting events from various perspectives; however, studies regarding residents’ perceptions of such events, particularly in the context of a global pandemic, are lacking. Therefore, this study examined the perceived benefits of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games on city image, satisfaction, and loyalty. Data were collected from 868 local residents of Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the venues for the 2022 Beijing Olympics. For data analysis, structural equation modelling was conducted using IBM SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 29.0. The findings revealed a significant impact of economic, environmental, and tourism benefits on city image, in contrast to no impact from perceived sociocultural benefits. Additionally, city image significantly influenced city satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, in exceptional situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, host cities should focus on developing economic, environmental, and tourism resources from a long-term perspective.
Fractionated Stereotactic Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Large Brain Metastases: Comprehensive Analyses of Dose-Volume Predictors of Radiation-Induced Brain Necrosis
Authors: Murai Taro , Kasai Yuki , Eguchi Yuta , Takano Seiya , Kita Nozomi , Torii Akira , Takaoka Taiki , Tomita Natsuo , Shibamoto Yuta , Hiwatashi Akio
Published: August 2024

Background: Dosimetric predictors of brain necrosis (BN) have not yet been established for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Methods: Multivariate logistic models were developed for comprehensive analyses of dosimetric predictors in patients who received first-line fractionated SRT for brain metastases (BMs). The normal brain volume receiving a xx Gy biological dose in 2 Gy fractions (VxxGyE) was calculated from the retrieved dose-volume parameters. Results: Three-fraction SRT was delivered to 34 patients with 74 BMs (mean target volume, 4.3 cc), 5-fraction SRT to 58 with 106 BMs (15.4 cc), and 10-fraction SRT to 20 with 35 BMs (25.9 cc) according to protocols depending on the target volume (p <0.001). In the 5- and 10-fraction groups, the incidence of symptomatic BN was significantly higher in patients with a larger V50GyE (odds ratio: 1.07, p <0.02), V55GyE (1.08, p <0.01), or V60GyE (1.09, p <0.01). The incidence of BN was also significantly higher in cases with V55GyE >30 cc or V60GyE >20 cc (p <0.05). Conclusion: In 5- or 10-fraction SRT, at least V55GyE ≤30 cc or V60GyE ≤20 cc should be maintained to lower the risk of BN.
Calibration for Improving the Medium‐Range Soil Forecast over Central Tibet: Effects of Objective Metrics’ Diversity
Authors: Guo Yakai , Yuan Baojun , Shao Changliang , Niu Guanjun , Xu Dongmei , Gao Yong
Published: August 2024

The high spatial complexities of soil temperature modelling over semiarid land have challenged the calibration—predication framework, whose composited objective lacks comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, this study, based on the Noah land surface model and its full parameter table, utilizes two global searching algorithms and eight kinds of objective with dimensional—varied metrics, combined with dense site soil moisture and temperature observations of central Tibet, to explore different metrics’ performances on the spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty of regional land surface parameters, calibration efficiency and effectiveness, as well as spatiotemporal complexities in surface forecasting. Results have shown that metrics’ diversity has shown greater influence on the calibration—predication framework than the global searching algorithms themselves. Besides being significantly better than other metrics, the enhanced multi objective metric (EMO) and the enhanced Kling-Gupta efficiency (EKGE) have their own advantages and disadvantages in simulations and parameters respectively. Especially, EMO that composited with four metrics as correlated coefficient, root mean square error, mean absolute error, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, has shown relatively balanced performance in surface forecasting when compared to EKGE. In general, the calibration—predication framework that benefited from EMO could greatly reduce the spatial complexities in soil temperature modelling of the semiarid land.
Conscience at the End of Life
Authors: Baergen Ralph Neil , Skidmore James
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews the ethical issues involved and argues that each of the usual policies for handling conscientious refusals faces serious challenges. Healthcare providers who refuse to provide medical services should be expected to explain their reasons, make prompt referrals, and bear some of the resulting costs or burdens.
The Fourth Law of Thermodynamics (LMEP) and How It Makes the World
Authors: Swenson Rod
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Founders of quantum theory have pointed out the irreducibility of living systems to quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is never violated they rightfully argue but works under a set of active macroscopic constraints that selectively order the behavior of the micro components and these constraints are not reducible to the reversible, causally closed formalism of quantum mechanics. The whole of biological evolution is characterized by the production of increasingly more highly-ordered levels of such macroscopic constraints and biological evolutionary theory has no account for this either. It is assumed outside its theoretical first principles. In fact this generative macroscopic ordering, the production of increasingly more highly differentiated levels of order—more things, more kinds of things, cannot be explained within biological theory because it is generic to the universe itself. Irreducible to quantum mechanics this begs the question of fundamentality in physics. Fundamental laws in a universe defined by active macroscopic ordering, level-building, and differentiation must be able to causally cross levels, and more importantly explain why there is any level-building at all to begin with. The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental laws in this sense, and 4th Law path selection explains the generative universal ordering and differentiation (“complexification”).
Modeling of the 4th Generation Toyota Prius Traction Machine as the Reference for Future Designs
Authors: Gierczynski Michal , Jakubowski Rafal , Kupiec Emil , Seredynski Miroslaw , Jaworski Maciej , Grzesiak Lech
Published: August 2024

The automotive market is very competitive and presents a demand for the consistent improvement of the used technologies and reduction of the product cost and dimensions with each product model iteration. Hence, it is important to have access to well-defined reference designs of high quality products, in order to evaluate the new ideas and technologies. This paper provides the readers with a numerical model of such a high quality product, i.e., the IPMSM type traction motor from the 4th generation of the Toyota Prius hybrid transaxle. In the introductory section, the brief history of the Prius model is given together with the references to the reverse engineering reports. Afterwards, the machine dimensions, material properties and winding configuration are described. Then, the model is validated with the torque measurements at constant speed. In the next chapters the simulation results are presented and the numerical source data are supplied to the reader. Finally, the design philosophy of the Toyota drive is briefly discussed in comparison with the BMWi3 drive and the results are concluded in the last section.
From the neural networks miracle – to AGI
Authors: Zhuravlev Dmitry Vladimirovich , Smolin Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: August 2024

Seven reasons for the superiority of neural network algorithms over heuristic approaches are shown. It is argued that such properties are not miraculous, as they provide solutions to a limited range of problems, unlike AGI, which is aimed at solving significantly complex problems and finding new knowledge without human participation. The conclusion is justified that we should not expect the emergence of consciousness in the process of simple development of systems, since the creation of AGI is possible only when the understanding of the complex world is achieved.
Сurrent stage of development of information processing intelligent methods
Authors: Kazakov Gennadiy Viktorovich , Starchak Sergey Leonidovich , Grigorenko Viktor Mihailovich
Published: August 2024

Discusses the development and application of various intellectual methods in close connection with the development of computer technology and practical needs
The 21st century: New technologies and minerals
Authors: Polevanov Vladimir Pavlovich
Published: August 2024

The twenty-first century saw the emergence and rapid development of fundamentally new technologies: Digitalisation with the increasing role of Artificial Intelligence, the energy transition, which necessitated renewable energy sources, the hydrogen economy; the battery revolution, electric cars. This required a dramatic increase in the extraction of minerals such as lithium, cobalt, manganese, graphite, rare earth metals. Active search for a fundamentally new mineral – natural hydrogen – began.
Upgrade of rigorous methods for identification of fictitious voting results: Practical electoral statistics
Authors: Podlazov Andrey Viktorovich
Published: August 2024

Concocting of voting results became one of the main types of electoral fraud in Russia in the 21st century. I describe and analyze in detail statistical tools allowing to identify such falsifications. Detailed data on affected subjects, electoral events and characteristics are provided.
Efficacy of interferon α-2b with antioxidants (vitamins C and E) in the treatment, prevention and immunorehabilitation of COVID-19
Authors:   I.I.Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kostinov M.P. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Tyukavkina S.Yu. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Kharseeva G.G. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Malinovskaya V.V. ,   N.F.Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shuvalov A.N. ,   N.F.Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kosenkova T.V. ,   Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Muslimova Z.A. ,   M.M.Akhtakhanov Central District Hospital of Urus-Martan District, Urus-Martan, Chechen Republic, Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

The review presents the peculiarities of immunopathogenesis of a new coronavirus infection and the possibilities of correction of the patients' immune system state during complex therapy of COVID-19 and immunorehabilitation of postcovirus syndrome, as well as prevention of the disease using a modern domestic drug – Viferon® recombinant interferon α-2b with antioxidants (vitamins E and C). The peculiarities of interferon status in children of different age groups, mechanisms of action and a wide range of biological effects of Viferon® are considered, which allow to compensate for the insufficiency of interferon types I and III caused by SARS-CoV-2, eliminate the imbalance of cytokines and create the conditions necessary to stop virus replication. The results of large-scale studies confirming its high prophylactic and clinical-immunologic efficacy, as well as safety when used in adults (in professional risk groups, family foci), children, including newborns and premature babies, and pregnant women are shown. Key words: COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, COVID-19 immunocorrection, recombinant interferon α-2b with antioxidants (vitamins E and C) – Viferon®
Kırsal Mahalle Düzenlemesi: Sarımsaklı Mahallesi Örneği
Authors: Ugur Beyza , Korkmaz Hatun
Published: August 2024

2014 yılında yürürlüğe giren 6360 sayılı Kanun ile büyükşehirlerde köylerin tüzel kişiliği kaldırılmış ve bu köyler, belediyeye bağlı birer mahalle hâline getirilmiştir. On yıl önce gerçekleşen bu değişiklikle, büyükşehirlerin mahalle statüsündeki kırsal alanlarında katılım ve hizmet boyutlarında birçok problem meydana gelmiştir. Nitekim 2021 yılında, bu problemlerin giderilmesine yönelik olarak “Kırsal Mahalle ve Kırsal Yerleşik Alan Yönetmeliği” yayımlanarak yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu yönetmelikle, büyükşehirlerde kırsal alanda yer alan bazı mahallelere “kırsal mahalle” statüsü verilmesi ve çeşitli muafiyet ve indirimlerin getirilmesine ilişkin yasal altyapı oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kayseri İli, Melikgazi Belediyesine bağlı Sarımsaklı Mahallesi örneğinde büyükşehir sınırlarındaki kırsal alanlarda yaşanan sorunlar ile Kırsal Mahalle ve Kırsal Yerleşik Alan Yönetmeliği’nin bu sorunlar üzerindeki etki ve yeterliliğini anlamaya çalışmaktır.
Gunshot-Induced Humeral Head Osteochondral Defect Treated with an Osteochondral Allograft
Authors: Abed Varag , Javid Kashif , Akins Xavier , Kane Patrick , Stone Austin V.
Published: August 2024

Case:

A 25-year-old right-hand dominant male police officer presented to the emergency department with a gunshot wound to his left shoulder. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an osteochondral defect overlying the humeral head along the mid to lower aspect of the glenohumeral joint. A staged operation with shoulder arthroscopy followed by an osteochondral allograft (OCA) of the humeral head was performed. During his 6-month postoperative visit, he had returned to full work duty with no restrictions and reported that his pain was well controlled.

Conclusion:

Humeral head OCA transplantation may be an effective treatment option for traumatic osteochondral lesions of the glenohumeral joint.
Spatial Analysis of Mosquitoes Collected From Urban Automotive-related Shops and Junkyards in South Mexico.
Authors: Martinez Luis M Rodríguez- , Correa-Morales Fabian , Gonzalez-Acosta Cassandra , Méndez-Alvarado William , Yzquierdo-Gomez Pedro , MORENO-GARCIA MIGUEL
Published: August 2024

Automotive-related shops have been recognized as significant locations for the production of mosquitoes. The potential risk posed by non-residential premises as relevant early transmission sites is sometimes neglected. In Mexico, exist more than 244 142 automotive-related shops; which are generally not regulated by any health authority. In this study, we collected and identified larvae and adults from urban automotive-related premises in the city of Villahermosa in Tabasco, southern Mexico. The analysis of the collected species and each type of non-residential premise was conducted using a Generalized Linear Model. For special analyses of collected individuals, the average nearest neighbor, general G function, Moran's Index, semi-variogram, and kriging analysis were used. A total of 676 non-residential premises were examined. The most common establishments were automobile workshops, auto body, and paint shops. Aedes aegypti was an abundant specie, followed by Ae. albopictus, and Cx. coronator. Culex interrogator, Cx. nigripalpus, Ae. taeniorhynchusand An. Albimanus were also observed. Junkyards, cemeteries, and tire repair shops exhibited a relative higher level of productivity for mosquitoes.Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were highly clustered in the northeast part of the city. While Culex spp were more concentrated in the center-south of the city. The northern region comprises both industrial and residential properties. Our findings indicated that programs of Ae. aegypti surveillance and control should consider the epidemiological significance of automotive-related and other non-residential premises.
Phasic modulation of attentional rhythmic sampling according to task demands
Authors: Jia Jianrong , Kong Qing , Qiu Chenchen
Published: August 2024

Attention is considered to periodically allocate cognitive resources to task-relevant stimuli, thereby sequentially sampling multiple stimuli in the temporal domain. However, whether the temporal dynamics of attentional sampling are modulated by the task at hand has yet to be fully elucidated. This study explores the dynamics of attentional sampling and the task modulation of these dynamics using high-frequency steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). Participants were asked to select one of two visual stimuli or integrate both as a single target, with stimuli tagged at 42 Hz and 44 Hz. Analysis of SSVEP envelopes revealed the attention periodically samples at theta band (4-6 Hz) in both tasks. Notably, the phase relationship between the SSVEP envelopes differed between tasks, with distinct phases in the selection task and similar phases in the integration task. This phase modulation of the task was mediated by neural oscillations in the right frontoparietal areas. The phase difference between SSVEP envelopes correlated with behavioral performance in the integration task but not in the selection task. These results demonstrate a flexible and task-dependent mechanism for attentional rhythmic sampling, in which neural oscillations align stimuli processing according to task demands.
Phenotyping superagers using machine learning algorithms on whole brain connectivity resting-state fMRI studies
Authors: de Godoy Laiz Laura , de Paula Demetrius Ribeiro , Min Wenqi , Studart-Neto Adalberto , Green Nathan , Arantes Paula , Chaim Khallil Taverna , Moraes Natália Cristina , Yassuda Mônica Sanches , Nitrini Ricardo , Leite Claudia da Costa , Soddu Andrea , Bisdas Sotirios , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina
Published: August 2024

Superagers, older adults with memory performance similar to middle-aged individuals, were studied to identify key neural networks responsible for their brain function connectivity. Using a previously published resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) dataset from 31 participants (14 superagers and 17 controls) examined at 3 and 7 Tesla (T) scanners, we cross-validated the findings from an Elastic Net regression model using a Random Forest algorithm. Important nodes were identified based on Mean Decrease Gini and Mean Decrease Accuracy measures. Superagers were initially phenotyped in six key preselected networks and then across eleven whole-brain networks. The study confirmed the importance of the salience and default mode networks in classifying superagers, identifying significant nodes in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, temporo-occipital junction, and extrastriate superior cortex. Whole-brain analysis highlighted novel relevant networks, including auditory, visual-lateral, and visual-medial networks. Results showed that 7T rs-fMRI provided more discriminative nodes and better predictive performance than 3T. The findings underscore the role of particular brain regions and networks related to memory and cognition in superagers and suggest that additional nodes in auditory and visual networks contribute to their cognitive resilience. These insights enhance understanding of brain resilience and preserved cognitive abilities in older adults.
A Novel Technique for Correction of Crooked Nose Deformity: Combination of Asymmetric Let-Down and Mobile Bony Cap (Meysem Yorgun Technique) Rhinoplasty
Authors: Yorgun Meysem , Çekiç Erdinç
Published: August 2024

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and aesthetic outcomes of a novel rhinoplasty technique, the M.Y. Technique, which combines asymmetric let-down and a mobile bony cap for the correction of crooked nose deformities.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective analysis included 18 patients who underwent M.Y. Technique rhinoplasty for C-shaped or reverse C-shaped crooked nose between February 2021 and May 2022. Surgical procedures were performed by a single experienced surgeon using a closed approach incorporating endotracheal intubation, local anesthesia, and the dorsal preservation technique. Osteotomies were precisely planned and executed to correct nasal asymmetries, with outcomes evaluated using GeoGebra software based on restoration of the deviation angle to the ideal 180 °.
Results
In this study of 18 patients undergoing rhinoplasty for C-or reverse C-type deformities, significant improvement was observed in deviation angles post-surgery. The preoperative mean deviation angle was 144.8 ± 4.09°, improving to 178.89 ± 2.19° postoperatively, with 14 out of 18 patients achieving an ideal angle of 180°. The change in deviation angle was statistically significant (p < 0.001), indicating substantial aesthetic and functional enhancements. Surgical success was rated excellent in 14 patients and good in four, with all patients reporting high satisfaction and no postoperative complications.
Conclusion
The M.Y. Technique, which utilizes closed-approach dorsal preservation rhinoplasty, has proven highly effective in correcting C and reverse C-type nasal deformities. This study confirmed that the technique substantially improves nasal symmetry and achieves near-ideal anatomical results in most patients, with high levels of patient satisfaction and no reported postoperative complications.
Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms and Active Components of Angong Niuhuang Pills in Stroke Treatment: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Cellular Studies
Authors: CHEN JU
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Angong Niuhuang pills (ANPs) exhibit a curative effect in patients with stroke, but its main effective components remain unexplored. Here, we aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and active ingredients of ANPs against stroke through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cellular experiments.
Methods: The compounds and targets of each herb in the ANP were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) databases. The genes corresponding to the targets were retrieved from the GeneCards database. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae-compound-disease-target network was constructed using Cytoscape. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database. The core targets of ANP were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses using the ClueGO plug-in of Cytoscape. The active ingredients of ANP were docked to the top three core targets. Finally, we explored the effects of coptisine on the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) models of PC12 cells.
Results: The TCM formulae-compound-disease-target network contained 81 active ingredients and 759 core targets. We identified 47 GO entries of ANP types for stroke, and 55 pathways were screened based on GO and KEGG pathway analyses. Core targets were mainly involved in biological processes (GO enrichment analysis, p < 0.05), including the regulation of heart contraction, muscle contraction, and steroid metabolic processes. In the KEGG pathway, the core targets were mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that norwogonin, coptisine, and musennin had a high affinity for ubiquitin C (UBC), E1A binding protein P300 (EP300), and cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), respectively. Coptisine alleviates OGD/R injury by regulating EP300 and LC3B expression.
Conclusion: This study, using network pharmacology, molecular docking analysis, and cellular experiments, provides insights into the potential mechanisms and active ingredients of ANPs in stroke protection. The identification of core target genes and signaling pathways suggests that coptisine could be a promising candidate for treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Genome-wide Identification and Characterization of the LRX Gene Family in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and Functional Characterization of VvLRX7 in Plant Salt Response
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Xiujie , Wang Chaoping , Han Yan , Zhu Ziguo , Li Bo
Published: August 2024

Background
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) extensins (LRXs), cell wall-localized chimeric extensin proteins, are essential for the development of plants and in their stress resistance. Despite their significance, an extensive genome-wide analysis of the LRX gene family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is lacking.
Results
We here detected 14 grapevine LRX genes and classified them into four groups through phylogenetic analysis. Their physiological and biochemical properties and gene/protein structures were also analyzed. According to synteny analysis, the expansion of the grapevine LRX gene family has been appreciably affected by tandem and segmental duplications. On investigating tissue-specific expression profiles and cis-regulatory elements, VvLRXs were found to be the comprehensive regulators of grapevine growth and response to environmental stresses. Salt stress treatments induced the expression of several VvLRXs, and VvLRX7was the most significantly upregulated. Furthermore, VvLRX7expression was positively correlated with the salt tolerance of grape rootstocks. VvLRX7 overexpression in Arabidopsismarkedly enhanced its salt tolerance.
Conclusion
This study has provided a general understanding of the characteristics and evolution of the LRX gene family in grapevine. And it has been demonstrated that VvLRX7 may be key regulator in plant salt response. This provides a basis for future studies of the function of grapevine LRXs and the improvement of salt stress tolerance in grapevine.
Cell type-specific Multi-Omics Analysis of Cocaine Use Disorder in the Human Caudate Nucleus
Authors: Zillich Lea , Artioli Annasara , Pohořalá Veronika , Zillich Eric , Stertz Laura , Belschner Hanna , Jabali Ammar , Frank Josef , Streit Fabian , Avetyan Diana , Völker Maja , Müller Svenja , Hansson Anita , Meyer Thomas , Rietschel Marcella , Spanagel Rainer , Oliveira Ana , Walss-Bass Consuelo , Bernardi Rick , Koch Philipp , Witt Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Structural and functional alterations in the brain's reward circuitry are present in cocaine use disorder (CocUD), but their molecular underpinnings remain unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, we performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus tissue from six individuals with CocUD and eight controls. We profiled 31,178 nuclei, identifying 13 cell types including D1- and D2-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and glial cells. We observed 1,383 differentially regulated genes and 10,235 differentially accessible peaks, with alterations in MSNs and astrocytes related to neurotransmitter activity and synapse organization. Gene regulatory network analysis identified the transcription factor ZEB1 as exhibiting distinct CocUD-specific subclusters, activating downstream expression of ion- and calcium-channels in MSNs. Further, PDE10A emerged as a potential drug target, showing conserved effects in a rat model. This study highlights cell type-specific molecular alterations in CocUD and provides targets for further investigation, demonstrating the value of multi-omics approaches in addiction research.
A Synergistic, Multi-Platform Approach to Deriving Optically Constrained Aerosol Column Products: Insights into Spatio-temporal dynamics of Black Carbon around Xuzhou and Dhaka
Authors: Tiwari Pravash , Cohen Jason , Lu Lingxiao , Wang Shuo , Li Xiaolu , Guan Luoyao , Liu Zhewen , Li Zhengqiang , Qin Kai
Published: August 2024

This study presents a top-down aerosol characterization by combining UV band information from TROPOMI and multi-waveband data from AERONET to constrain black carbon (BC) aerosol size and mixing state. The approach, applied to Xuzhou, China, and Dhaka, Bangladesh, reveals smaller BC cores and non-linear morphological influences in both cities. While Dhaka exhibits higher BC core concentrations (mean 5.3 mg m^(-2) vs 7.3 mg m^(-2) in), Xuzhou shows greater overall aerosol column mass and number concentration (mean 397.1 mg m^(-2) and 6.7 × 10^(11) # m^(-2) vs 231.1 mg m^(-2) and 3.8 × 10^(11) # m^(-2)), reflecting different emissions factors and scenarios, and their contribution to BC loading. Spatial analysis uncovers significant aerosol loading along Dhaka's urban riverbanks (BC column mass density 8-9 mg m^(-2)), and rapidly growing lower-tier cities in China, suggesting overlooked emission sources over these regions. The study reveals complex relationships between wind patterns, aerosol accumulation, and dispersion that challenge traditional seasonal dynamics, with significant aerosol accumulation observed in Xuzhou during moderate and high winds. These findings underscore how high-resolution data influences air quality assessments, and can be tailored using available remote sensing datasets to contribute valuable insights for effective air quality management and climate change mitigation.
Prevalence of Tooth Transpositions and Associated Dental Anomalies: a Cbct Study
Authors: ÇAM Kübra , ZENGİN Ayşe Zeynep
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study wasto evaluate the frequency and type of dental transposition and its relationship with other dental anomalies and pathologies using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials Methods: Images of patients who had CBCT images taken for various reasons between 2012 and 2023 were evaluated for the occurrence of dental transposition. The demographic data of the patients, the presence of transposed teeth, their number, location, unilateral or bilateral nature, dental transposition classifications defined in the literature, other adjacent dental anomalies and pathologies were examined.
Results: CBCT images of 5000 patients were examined, and 42 transposed teeth were found in 39 of the patients (0.78%). It was observedunilaterally in 92.3% of the patientsand bilaterally in 7.7% of the patients. The most common method was maxillary canine-first premolar transposition (47.61%), and the least common was maxillary central-lateral transposition (2.38%). The presence of persistent primary teeth was the highest in the relevant region (61.53%). External root resorption of tooth roots adjacent to transposed teeth was diagnosed in 17.94% of the patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of transposition in Turkish society was 0.78%. This study is the first to examine dental transpositions using CBCT in the Turkish population. External root resorption was observed in a number of the adjacent teeth showing transposition. A detailedCBCT examination is very important for diagnosing malocclusion and other problems that may occur due to transposed teeth.
Capturing Early Learning Environments in Urban Anganwadis
Authors: Dockrell Julie , Rao  , Kulkarni Bharati , Shridevi  , Chereau  , Ang Lynn , Davis Dawn
Published: August 2024

Profiling the quality of early learning environments in low- and middle-income countries is challenging, but essential to ensure that all children have access to quality early childhood education and care (Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Target 4.2). We report a study which assessed the early learning environments of a sample of 36 Anganwadi centres (AWCs) in Hyderabad, India using the MELE (Measuring Early Leaning Environments), (MELQO, 2014). The data were part of a large-scale interdisciplinary project, the UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub (2019–2024). The MELE was translated into the Telegu and observations completed by a local researcher supported by the main team. We outline the context and characteristics of preschool education in the urban Hyderabad Anganwadis and the ways in which the Anganwadis function as centres of learning and offer integrated provisions for child health and nutrition promotion. The findings offer an in-depth assessment of the Anganwadi preschools as captured in three theoretical dimensions: learning environment, learning opportunities and learning interactions. While we found that children in Anganwadis were receiving nutrition, questions are raised about how the settings were supporting children’s cognitive development and the ways in which curricular guidance was implemented. The paper makes an original Action Against Stunting Hub contribution to the early childhood field through its rigor and significance in using a validated and reliable observational tool to measure the early learning environments of culturally diverse settings in the distinctive context of the urban slums of Addagutta and Warasiguda, Hyderabad, India. Opportunities for development are discussed.
QUALITE DE LENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR PUBLIC AU TOGO : CONDITIONS DETUDE DES ETUDIANTS ET DE TRAVAIL DU PERSONNEL, APPRECIATIONS ET SUGGESTIONS DES ACTEURS
Authors:   Enseignant-Chercheur a lUniversite de Lome., Sahou Aleza , Koffi Kombate ,   Doctorant a lUniversite de Kara.
Published: August 2024

The question of the quality of teaching concerns those involved in the field. In Togos public universities (University of Kara and University of Lome), students have difficulty obtaining their diplomas and those who graduate face unemployment and underemployment. Hence the need to collect the opinions of stakeholders on their working conditions, their assessment of the quality of higher education and their suggestions for continuous improvement. The methodology adopted is mixed and made it possible to collect data from 100 students and 18 teacher-researchers, 25 administrative, technical and service staff and 10 staff from public and private services. The results show that internal university stakeholders work in an environment less favorable to strengthening the quality of higher education. However, subjectively, they judge that their training system is of good quality. External stakeholders, on the other hand, are less satisfied with university products. Both groups of actors made suggestions for quality improvement under the input, governance and process approach.