bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host range of Exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Indarwatmi M , Nasution I A , Sasmita H I , Ernawan B , Ratna E S , Sartiami D , Arinana  , Sulaeha  , Maharani Y
Published: July 2021

Exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous mealybug with a wide host range. Many of them are fruits that have high economic value and potential export commodities. In addition, E. hispidus is a quarantine pest so that its presence can be an export barrier. The purposive sampling method were used to take plant samples. Host plants were sampled in 4 districts in Bogor, Sukabumi, Purwakarta, and Garut, West Java. Mealybugs and their host plants were put in a paper bag and taken to the laboratory. Adult female mealybugs were prepared microscopically for identification. Results showed that E. hispidus was found on 31 species of 18 families. Most of the hosts were fruit crops 54.84% and at least medicinal plant and weed 3.23%. The major host plants are fruit crops including cocoa, duku, rambutan, sapodilla, soursop, mangosteen and lemon. The part of the plant which is inhabited by E. hispidus mostly is on the fruit and the least on the stem. The results of this study were expected to provide information on the host range of E. hispidus so that it can be prevented from spreading and proper control is taken.
Husker performance on small rice milling unit
Authors: Salim Iqbal , Pramana Diah , Mulyawan  , Munir Ahmad
Published: July 2021

The post-harvest process very much determines the quality and quantity of rice. The utilization of agricultural machinery in rice milling is one solution in maintaining rice quality. The most commonly used husker machine is a rubber roll type. This study aims to calculate the efficiency of huskers and the quality of rice. The parameters measured to analyze the efficiency of the milling machine and the quality of rice are the weight of unhulled rice to be milled, the weight of milled rice, and the time for milling the grain to become rice. The results showed that the husker efficiency at 1,237 rpm rotation speed was 46.3%, at 1,354 rpm was 46.7% and at 1,395 rpm was 46.6%. The quality of rice produced at a rotation speed of 1237 rpm, 70.03% whole grains, 3.58% broken grains, 1.51% groats. For 1,354 rpm, the rotation speed is 67.75%, broken grains 5.16%, and groats 2.89%. While at the rotation speed of 1,395 rpm, the percentage of broken grains was 56.26%, broken grains 4.80%, groats 1.27%.
Coffee farming business development: E-commerce technology utilization
Authors: Panggabean Y B S , Arsyad M , Mahyuddin  , Nasaruddin
Published: July 2021

After crude oil, coffee is the most traded commodity in the world From that figure, only about 30% of the world’s coffee is consumed in coffee-producing countries, the rest is exported to consuming countries such as Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany and America. In recent years, total world coffee production has remained relatively constant while demand for coffee has increased significantly. Indonesia produces various types of special Arabica coffee such as Gayo coffee, Java coffee, Toraja coffee, Lintong coffee, Bajawa coffee, and Robusta coffee such as Java Robusta and Robusta Flores. Domestic coffee consumption is low, only around 3.3 million sacks of green green coffee per year. The rest, which is around 7.7 million, or about 70% of its production, both in the form of green beans and roasted coffee, is exported to Germany, USA, Japan and Italy. Of the total exports, around 25-30% are high quality Arabica coffee. E-commerce technology can play an increasingly important role in empowering such a traditional industry of agriculture. The technological underpinnings of e-commerce avail to expand the market channels of agricultural products, realizing the scale and organizational realm of agricultural product circulation, reducing the intermediaries of distribution, and reducing transaction costs. Recent studies have suggested that e-commerce helps firms to increase the information flow of agricultural products, reduce asymmetric information of farm products, and promote the creation of traceability information system for agricultural product chains. E-commerce can be part of developing a conceptual foundation for agricultural studies in the modern era and provide an understanding of the potential positive values of e-commerce.
Selection of several hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under low nitrogen condition
Authors: Amas A N K , Hardiansyah M Y , Musa Y , Amin A R
Published: July 2021

Low soil N nutrient content is a limiting factor in efforts to increase the maize production. Hybrid maize varieties are generally very responsive to fertilization and have high yields in optimal environments in contrast to abiotic stress conditions such as low nitrogen. Therefore, it is necessary to develop hybrid maize with low N tolerance by genotyping at low N fertilization conditions. This research aims to obtain hybrid maize genotypes tolerant to low nitrogen with high production and to determine characters that have high heritability values. The research was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Cereals Plant Research Institute, Bajeng Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design with the main plot is dose of nitrogen (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha) while subplots were hybrid maize genotypes consisted of 12 genotypes and 3 comparative varieties (Nasa 29, Bisi 18, and Jakarin 1). The results show that the hybrid genotype tolerant to low nitrogen with high production were AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9 genotypes in the treatment without nitrogen fertilization and AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 32-8, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-4, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 100-1, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 100-1, and AVLN 118-7 x AVLN 124-9 at a nitrogen dose of 100 kg N/ha. Characters with high heritability values were peeled cobs weight, cobs diameter, cobs length, 1000 seeds weight, and productivity.
The dynamics of physiological properties of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh) based on crown position and altitude
Authors: Paembonan S A , Larekeng S H , Millang S , Meinardus
Published: July 2021

Knowledge of the physiological properties of tree species is one of the basic requirements in determining the prescription silvicultural treatment of stands in nature. This study aims to analyze the physiological characteristics of the species of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh), as one of the potential endemic species of Sulawesi, based on leaf position in the crown and differences in altitude. Leaf sampling locations were in the Hasanuddin University Educational Forest (507 m asl) and Makassar city (16 m asl). The research variables consist of number of stomata, size of stomata, leaf stomata index, and leaf chlorophyll content. The results show that the physiological characteristics of the leaves were influenced by their position in the tree crown and differences in altitude. The highest number of stomata was found in the leaves exposed to the sunlights with 52.900 stomata/mm2 compared to 29.800 stomata/mm2 in shaded leaves. Likewise, the highest chlorophyll content was found in leaves exposed to the sunlights of 0.043 mg/L and shaded leaves of 0.034 mg/L. The difference occurs based on differences in altitude as well. The number of stomata in the lower area was 35.733 stomata/mm2, while in the high area was 42.667 stomata/mm2. The chlorophyll content in the low area was 0.038 mg/L and in the high area it was 0.037 mg/L. The higher a place, the more the number of stomata, this is inversely proportional to the size of the stomata and the stomata index, while the number of chlorophylls is not significantly different.
Changes in agronomic tolerance of several genotypes of maize to waterlogging
Authors: Muliadi A , Yustisia  , Nur A , Azrai M
Published: July 2021

Waterlogging is a major factor in reducing crop yields. To increase plant productivity in temporarily waterlogged soils, the development of waterlogging tolerant lines is needed. This study aims to determine the genotype of maize that is tolerant of waterlogging and morphological characters that can be used for selection criteria. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse of Maros experimental farm. A total of 40 maize genotypes and 2 check varieties, namely MGold and Bima 19, were tested using a randomized block design, 3 replications. Screening was carried out in 2 conditions, namely waterlogged and normal conditions. Based on the waterlogging sensitivity index (WSI), the WSI value was different for each variable. The results of the main component analysis show that the variables that had a major influence on the diversity of tolerance of maize genotypes to waterlogging stress was number of root so that they could be used as character selection in waterlogging stress. Genotypes classified as tolerant are N29/B-2-2, N29/B2-4, B2/N29-5, JH45/B18-3, JH45/B18- 5, B18/JH-45-1, B18/JH-45-2, B18/JH45-4, B18/JH45-5, BM-9/P36-2, BM-9/P36-4, BM- 9/P36-5, and NK7328/HJ28-5.
Effect of the fermentation process using a consortium of probiotic bacteria on the taste of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Iqraini D N , Husain D R , Latunra A I , Amalia A , Wardhani R
Published: July 2021

The research about the fermentation of coffee Coffea arabica using a consortium of probiotic bacteria has been carried out. This study aims to determine the flavor of arabica coffee C. arabica and its chemical composition after the fermentation process. The fermentation time was divided into 3 times, consists of 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours using a container measuring 10 L, each containing 1.5 kg of coffee and 75 mL of rejuvenated probiotic bacteria cultures. Organoleptic testing was carried out to see the panelists preference for the taste of coffee after fermentation. The results showed that coffee with a fermentation time of 48 hours had the best taste. The GC-MS test results showed several compounds were detected after the fermentation process including furan, phenol, propanoate acid, quinic acid, purine, palmitic acid, pyrol, ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, amines, piran, purines, aldehydes, vitamin E, benzadrex, hexene, tocophenols and arachidic acid.
Fermentation of Arabica coffee seeds (Coffea arabica) using probiotic bacteria from domestic chickens Gallus domesticus
Authors: Sukriyadi A A , Husain D R , Latunra A I , Iqraini N , Wardhani R
Published: July 2021

The research about fermentation of coffee Coffea arabica using a consortium of probiotic bacteria which is a collection from the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University has been carried out on. This study aims to determine the flavor of arabica coffee C. arabica and its chemical composition after the fermentation process. The length of fermentation time was divided into 2 times, namely 24 hours and 36 hours, fermentation using a consortium of probiotic bacteria that had been rejuvenated on coffee peel media for 2 × 24 hours. Organoleptic testing was carried out to see the panellists preference for the taste, color and aroma of coffee after fermentation. The results showed that coffee with a 24-hour fermentation time with the addition of probiotic bacteria was the most liked by the panellists with the category slightly less acidic taste, slightly black color, and normal aroma. The GC-MS test results showed organic compounds formed after the fermentation process. In the 24-hour control sample there were 14 types of organic compounds, the sample with the addition of a consortium of probiotic bacteria contained 11 types of organic compounds, the 36-hour control sample contained 11 types of organic compounds, and samples with the addition of a consortium of probiotic bacteria contained 13 types of organic compounds.
Development of image-based phenotyping for selection characters of rice adaptability on the seedling salinity screening
Authors: Anshori M F , Farid M , Nasaruddin  , Musa Y , Iswoyo H , Sakinah A I , Arifuddin M , Laraswati A A
Published: July 2021

Development of adaptability rice under salinity stress needs effective and selective methods in the screening process. The seedling screening method is a general method used in salinity screening. However, this screening method often uses conventional observation in its screening process. This observation is rated that has a high error level. Therefore, the development of a digital approach through image-based phenotyping expected could minimize the error in the adaptability screening. This study was designed with a nested randomized complete group design, where replications were nested in a stressful environment. The environment in this study was normal (0 mM NaCl) and salinity stress (120 mM NaCl). The genotype used consisted of 8 genotypes which were repeated three times. The number of characters observed was nine image-based phenotyping. The results of this study showed that green percentage, the 3rd leaf length, and total area were the selection characters of image-based phenotyping under seedling salinity screening. Besides that, the used adaptability index in salinity screening became a good approach in considered and distinguished tolerance responses among varieties, especially to Pokkali (tolerant control variety) and IR 29 (sensitive control variety). Based on this study, the application of image-based phenotyping recommended in the screening process of line adaptability under salinity stress.
The growing of taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. antiquorum plantlet in several media during acclimatization stage
Authors: Tuwo M , Tambaru E
Published: July 2021

Japanese taro or satoimo Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. antiquorum, is widely consumed in Japan thus increasing exports. Plant seedlings can be obtained in large quantities and in a relatively short time through the propagation method of plant tissue culture. Final stage of plant tissue culture is acclimatization. Growing media and planting techniques are important factors in the acclimatization process. The ideal planting medium can be obtained from a combination of organic and inorganic materials. This study aims to obtain optimal acclimatization media for the growth of taro plants. The planting material used 24 weeks old taro plantlets. The plantlets were washed with tap water and soaked in distilled water + fungicide and washed with sterile water. The plantlets were planting in plastic cups with the different substrate mixture namely Soil: Manure: Rice Husks (1:1:1); Soil: Manure: Cocopeat (1:1:2); Rice Husk: Sand (1:1); Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Hydroponics System. They were watered daily and fertilized. Survival percentage, plantlet height and number of leaves were recorded for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is a significant effect of treatment, a further test of the least significant difference (LSD) is carried out. The optimal acclimatization medium for acclimatization was obtained in (P1) Soil: Manure: Rice Husks (1:1:1) treatment with a percentage of survival of 62% with an average plant height and number of leaves 13.3 cm and 4.6 respectively.
Early growth of post-gamma irradiated Indigofera zollingeriana
Authors: Musa Y , Sjahril R , Nadir M , Khaerani P I , Sakinah A I
Published: July 2021

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of gamma-ray irradiation to improve Indigofera seed viability. The study employed Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 irradiation dosage (treatment) and 4 replication. The treatment consisted of Irradiation Dosage (A) 0Gy 50Gy; 100Gy;150Gy 200Gy The observed parameter encompassed the germination percentage, mortality percentage, plumule and radicle length, and germination index. The results of ANOVA indicated that gamma-ray irradiated Indigofera seedling had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the parameters of plumule length, germination percentage, and mortality percentage. The significant effect was identified at the dosage range of 0-50 Gy. No significant difference was found at the dosage of 100-200 Gy.
Determination of phosphorus status on duku (lansium domesticum) seedling
Authors: Hernita D , Poerwanto R , Susila AD , Anwar S
Published: July 2021

Phosphorus, one of the major plant nutrients that is a constituent of plant cells, is essential for cell division and the development of its growing tip. Symptoms of P deficiency or excessive can be seen mainly in the leaves. The sign can be detected visually and can be done by identifying P concentration in each condition. The P status study was conducted in Jambi Provinces, which was applied to duku seedlings planted in sand culture. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design, with five treatments consisting of three plants, each treatment, and three replications. The treatments consisted of five P levels: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. The results showed that P deficiency symptoms were characterized by stunted growth of seedlings, green-brownish and lusterless discoloration, the number of leaves < 4.56, and leaf P concentration < 0.09% (very low nutrient status) and 0.09 ≤ P < 0.14% (low nutrient status). Normal growth, shiny green leaves characterized the sufficient P concentration, number of leaves 4.56–7.00, and leaf P concentration of 0.14 ≤ P < 0.25% (medium nutrient status). Symptoms of excessive P was showed by stunted growth of seedlings, green leaves with yellow and necrotic spots on the leaf blade, the number of leaves < 4.56, P concentrations in the leaf ≥ 0.25% (high and very high nutrient status). The maximum growth of duku seedling for very low nutrient status was 195 ppm P, equivalent to 115 g SP-36/year or 58 g SP-36/6 month.
Factors affecting the implementation of intercropping technology of food crops on upland
Authors: Hastuti C O I , Purnamayani R , Hermawan H , Syahbuddin H
Published: July 2021

Intercropping technology program has been implemented to support the achievement of food self-sufficiency. The intercropping technology namely “Turiman” technology is different from the intercropping that is commonly used by farmers before. The aim of this study were to analyze farmers’ perceptions of Turiman technology and to analyze the factors that affect the Turiman implementation. This study was conducted in 7 districts from April to October 2019. Data was collected through a survey method of 40 respondents. The data collected were farmers’ perceptions after the implementation of intercropping technology regarding production increase, land optimization, reduced production costs and increased income, and also the desire of farmers to apply this technology independently and sustainably. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that 95% of respondents had the perception that Turiman technology was able to increase production, 87.5% of respondents had the perception that Turiman could optimize land, 62.5% had the perception that Turiman was able to save production costs, 90% of respondents had the perception that Turiman was able to increase income, so that 72.5% of respondents would like to implement the intercropping technology independently. Factors that significantly influence farmers in implementing turiman were age, experience and perceptions of farmers.
Integrating Clitoria ternatea and corn in dry land farming for seed production and high quality forage for livestock in West Timor East Nusa Tenggara: Oebelo Village farmer’s experience
Authors: Hau D K , Matitaputty P , Achadri Y
Published: July 2021

The existing farming in Oebelo Village was a mixed farming. Farmers grow corn once a year in the rainy season, with beans, cassava, onion and pumpkin. Livestock keeping varied between farmers, including cattle, goat, pig, and local chicken. The introduction of Clitoria ternatea opened a new horizon of farming and a new source of income and forage. By integrating Clitoria ternatea farmers were able to: (i) improve corn productivity performance, (ii) receive additional income from selling forage and seed, and (iii) obtain high-quality forage source to feed livestock (goat, pig, and chicken). In 2019, farmersplanted Clitoria ternateaon 0.25 ha after harvest of corn (in February) and sold 30 kg of clitoria seed at 30-35 thousand rupiahs/kg, and feeding forage as additional feed portion to chicken and pigs. In 2019/2020 farmersplanted 3.13 ha, either in monoculture or in a relay, and sold 168 kg of Clitoria seed at 30 thousand rupiahs/kg. In early 2020 the farmers started to raise goats, and also keep on feeding the forage to chicken and pigs. Farmers noticed an improvement in the corn plant performance on the plot previously planted with Clitoria, and harvested more corn grain without even fertilized.
Effect of Planting Corn Harvest Cattle (TJPS) on sustainable integrated farming system in the Village of Raknamo West Kupang Subdistrict of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Matitaputty P , Hau D K , Nulik J
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to show community livelihood changes through the improvement of corn and cattle by application of “Planting Corn Harvest Cattle” (TJPS). TJPS is not literally meant that planting corn will that produced cattle, however it is a “tagline” to encourage farmers in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) that by improving corn production will give extra cash to buy cattle. The method was a survey involving 50 farmers, collecting primary and secondary data. The productivity of corn in NTT in 2018 was 2.52 ton/ha, while at National level was 5.24 ton/ha. Survey indicated that before TJPS, farmers in Raknamo village produced only 27.9 ton per one planting season, while at TJPS farmers produced 82.1 ton per one planting season, or it almost tripled. For cattle ownership, Raknamo farmers started with no cattle and now own 41 head of cattle. The use of corn cobs mixing with leaf of Tarramba Leucaena give DWG of 0.3 to 0.5 kg/hd/day. Thus it is concluded that TJPS would be an excellent entry door into a sustainable integrated farming system of corn and cattle in the dry land and climate of NTT.
Erosion prediction of several land utilization in Dadakitan Village, Baolan sub-district, Toli-Toli Regency
Authors: Ramlan  , Rahman Abdul , Aniswandi  , Pagiu Salapu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the amount of soil erosion and the danger index of erosion in several lands uses in Dadakitan Village, Baolan Sub-District, Toli-Toli Regency. In this study, slope class maps and land use maps were overlaid, in order to obtain six land uses include the use of paddy fields, coconut plantation, cocoa plantation, cloves plantation, and forests. Erosion prediction was carried out for all land uses. The survey was then carried out on six land uses to observe the slope and the dominant vegetation. Soil samples were taken deliberately for each land use; three samples for each sample of intact soil and disturbed soil. Erosion prediction analysis was using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation). The results showed that the erosion hazard index occurred in Dadakitan Village was classified as low, high, and very high. Low erosion occurred in paddy fields, coconut plantation, and cocoa plantation. In contrast, high levels of erosion occurred on clove plantation, and very high erosion level occurred on forest lands. The dominant factors affecting the occurrence of erosion in this area were soil erodibility, topography, plant management, and conservation measures.
The effect of environmental factors on the productivity of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chicken in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)
Authors: Rubianti A , Achadri Y , Kote M , Ratnawaty S , Matitaputty P R
Published: July 2021

Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken is a selective range chicken with high egg production. This research aimed to determine the effect of environmental factors, i.e. wind speed, humidity, and temperature, on the productivity of chicken eggs Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) layer 45-48 weeks. The research was conducted in October 2020, located in Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). The data obtained by measurement and calculation of population data, egg production, and mortality. The result showed that the average environmental factors in wind speed, humidity, and temperature were 21.40 m/s, 79.50%, and 30°C. The average egg productivity, body weight, and KUB chicken mortality in the laying phase at 45-48 weeks were 33.56%, 1.684 kg, and four chicken/week. All environmental factors together affect the productivity of KUB chicken in Nusa Tenggara Timur.
The effect of local resources feed on different physiological status of Bali cattle
Authors: Rubianti A , Ratnawati S , Achadri Y , Kote M , Matitaputy P R
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of local resource feed on Bali cattle’s different physiological statuses. This study has been carried out in the Lili Experimental Garden and the NTT AIAT from July to October 2019 (for four months). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three feed treatments at different physiological statuses (female parent 5-7 years old, male 2-3 years old, and children 6-12 months old). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications, each with a physiological status of 9 cattles, totaling 27 cattles. Feed ingredients and feed formulations are analyzed in the laboratory using proximate analysis to determine their nutritional content. The parameters observed were the nutritional value of feed, feed intake, changes in body weight at different physiological statuses. The results showed that the feed treatment had a very significant effect (F count> 0.05 and 0.01) on bulls’ body weight changes. It significantly affected feed consumption (bulls, female broodstock, and calves) and changes in body weight in physiological status different (female parent and child). The feed treatment that gave the best average yield was B feed. cattle (0.28 kg/head/day).
The meaning of work of Makassar Tribe Farmers: A case study in Batulapisii, Malino Suburb, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Busthanul N , Demmallino E B , Ali S S , Nadja R A , Syafiuddin M , Djalaluddin A , Amrullah A , Noor A A
Published: July 2021

Every ethnic Makassar farmer has a meaning that is relevant to the values of the Makassar Tribe in the form of instrument, social, intellectual and expressive meanings in carrying out farming activities, both subsistence farmers who are oriented towards moral choices, meaning that they carry out farming activities only to meet basic and commercial needs. farmer oriented. Rational choice means running farming activities to get maximum benefits. This study aims to describe the rice farming activities in the Batulapisii environment, to describe the meaning of the work of rice farmers in the Batulapisi environment, and to identify the Makassar values that are relevant to the meaning of the work of farmers. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the farming that developed in the Batulapisii environment, namely rice and horticulture, as well as subsistence farmers and commercial farmers, had four existing meaning criteria, namely the meaning of the instrument, the social meaning, the intellectual meaning and the meaning of the expression, with some Makassar values relevant to the meaning of farmer work.
Support for animal feed innovation technology in the North Sulawesi border area
Authors: Kairupan Agustinus N. , Silondae Hasrianti , Salamba Herlina N. , Mubarak H
Published: July 2021

One of the visions of the Nawacita Program proclaimed by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Mr Jokowi, is to build Indonesia from the periphery by strengthening the regions and villages in the NKRI region and the developing of border areas. Each border area has the potential of diverse agricultural and cultural resources, but so far, most of the potential resources have not been managed well or even underutilized. The potential of livestock, land, feed and human resources is available enough to support the development of farms in the border areas. Livestock activities in general in border areas can contribute economically to farmer households. The current problem is that livestock productivity in this region is relatively low. This is due to several things, namely where farmers in raising livestock still use traditional cultivation systems and the use and mastery of technological innovations that are still very limited, especially in the provision of animal feed sources, as a production area of plantation crops and food that produces a lot of untapped side waste. Through several touches of technological innovation, side waste can be processed into a quality source of feed, so it is expected to increase livestock productivity and welfare of farmers in the border region of North Sulawesi.
Characteristics and growth of Merawang Chicken in Bangka Belitung under traditional farming system
Authors: Nuraini  , Hidayat Z , Puspito S , Suyatno
Published: July 2021

Merawang Chicken is a local chicken originated from Bangka Belitung based on the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No.2846/kpts/L8.410/8/2012. In addition to its historical value, Merawang chicken also has high economic value; therefore, it needs to be conserved. Most of the Merawang chicken management system in Bangka Belitung is still traditional. The original characteristics of the Merawang chicken are thought to have been mixed with other native chickens. This study aims to identify Merawang chickens’ characteristics in the Bangka Belitung Islands traditionally raised by farmers. This research was conducted on six farmers in three districts on Bangka Island (Pangkalpinang, Bangka, and Central Bangka). Qualitative and quantitative traits were observed. There was non-uniformity in the qualitative characteristic of Merawang chickens at the farmer level, especially in the color of the feathers. As for the quantitative traits, some of the body sizes of Merawang chickens at the farmer level are still below the size stated in the Minister of Agriculture Decree, such as breast length, head length, and comb length. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) for each location also varies depending on the type of feed given.
The impact of technological innovation of Jajar Legowo 2: 1 planting system on rice business income
Authors: Markus Rawung Jefny B. , Indrasti Rita , Sudolar Neng Risris
Published: July 2021

One of the technological components in rice cultivation is jajar legowo (Jarwo) planting system. The study aimed to determine the impact of the application of Jarwo planting system on rice farming income and reveal the technical and socio-economic factors that might affect the performance of jarwo application in lowland rice farming. The study was conducted in Pinrang Regency area in 2017. Farmer’s characteristic data were collected, and the economic farming was analyzed by either the tegel or the Jarwo planting system. The results showed that the jarwo planting system increases the paddy production up to 33.07% than the tegel system. Moreover, the production cost of Jarwo planting system slightly lower than the tegel system. The R/C value of tegel and Jarwo planting system obtained were 1.21 and 1.87, respectively. In conclusion, the Jarwo planting system has had a beneficial impact on farmers.
Soil properties and infiltration rate in sago palm (Metroxylon sago) forest in Rongkong Watershed South Sulawesi
Authors: Nelsi O , Arsyad U , Bachtiar B , Rampisela D A
Published: July 2021

Sago palm, one of the dominant wetland vegetation in the Rongkong Watershed, contributes to groundwater recharge through its ability to pass water into the ground. This study aims to determine the effect of sago forest canopy density on the infiltration rate in the middle and downstream zones of the Rongkong Watershed in South Sulawesi. Other independent variables were soil texture, permeability, bulk density, porosity, soil organic matter, initial soil moisture, water level, air temperature, and air humidity. The relationship between the independent variables on the infiltration rate was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Infiltration rate observes with ponded infiltration method at five density classes of sago forest. The results showed that the infiltration rate in the middle stream increased along with the increase of density classes of sago forests. The downstream, on the other hand, has an insignificant difference between density classes. The result of the regression analysis showed that the coefficient of determination in the middle and downstream zones was 64.5 % and 38.5 %, respectively. The simultaneous test of variable significance in the middle stream shows that the sago forest canopy density, groundwater level, initial soil moisture, and air humidity significantly affect a p-value <0.05.
Natural silk agroindustry in Wajo Regency
Authors: Tenriawaru A N , Fudjaja L , Jamil M H , Rukka R M , Anisa A , Halil
Published: July 2021

Indonesia’s demand for natural silk is quite high for each year, reaching around 200 tons of raw silk threads and 250 tons of spun silk threads, but domestic production of raw silk threads has only reached 110 tons. This shows that Natural Silk has great potential to be developed, especially in South Sulawesi. This business is generally home industry which is relatively easy to work with, simple technology, labor-intensive, fast production, and high economic value. The research was conducted in Wajo Regency in 6 sub-districts of natural silk development. The time for collecting data and information to be used in this study was planned for March - October 2019. The type of data used is primary data and data (collected through field observations followed by direct interviews with 25 entrepreneurs using a questionnaire. The data collected is then analyzed. using the quantitative descriptive analysis to confirm the analysis. Increasing the production of mulberry plants in Wajo is needed for the long term not only as a food ingredient for silkworms but also as a biopharma plant or a mixture of cosmetic ingredients. However, improvements are needed in the quality of cocoon products as well as more advanced technological inputs and capacity building for farmers and their institutions.
The competitiveness analysis of Nutmeg farming as spices in Ternate, North Moluccas
Authors: Assagaf Muhammad , Musyavak Ahmad , Wahab Abdul , Cahyaningrum Hermawati , Tenriawaru N
Published: July 2021

Today’s agricultural business is faced with various obstacles, and cannot be measured to what extent its competitiveness, while the conception of agricultural development that has competitiveness has not been described more operationally and implementable, so that there is a gap between the ideal conception and the actual field. This study activity aims to analyze the competitiveness of Nutmeg spice farming in terms of domestic resource use in Ternate City. Nutmeg farming in Ternate City has a competitive and comparative advantage, this is indicated by PCR and DRCR values that are smaller than 1 (one). The results of PAM analysis on nutmeg farming have no input transfers because they do not use foreign inputs. The NPCI value for all is below one (<1). The value of NPCI is smaller than one, meaning that domestic prices are lower than world prices, so there can be said to be a subsidy policy from the government. Whereas for nutmeg farming. The transfer value of factors for nutmeg is positive, this indicates that there is an implicit tax or transfer from the nutmeg farmer to domestic factor, so farmers have to pay more than the price of the shadow (social).
Characteristics of rice agribusiness in rural areas of Serdang Bedagai regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Girsang Moral Abadi , Ramija Khadijah El , Marpaung Imelda S , Manurung Erpina Delina , Sipahutar Tumpal , Haloho L , Nainggolan P
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of the rice farming system in Serdang Bedagai Regency and to recommend policies to increase the contribution of rice agribusiness to rural development. The studies carried out included the existing technology used by farmers, production, productivity, cropping index, analysis of farming system and distribution, and marketing of products. The research method used in this study is a survey method with a purposive sampling technique to 40 farmer respondents. Structured interviews were also conducted with traders, rice mill entrepreneurs, and policymakers. The data analysis used in this research is qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is used to find an overview of the technology, production, productivity, cropping index, and marketing and to explain the costs and income of rice farmers which are described descriptively. The quantitative analysis used is the analysis of farm costs and income, which are the ratio of revenue and costs (R/C ratio) analysis and the cost per kg milled dry grain. The results showed that the cultivation technology used by farmers was varied, there were 23 villages whose rice productivity was still below 5 tons/h, 10 villages in 3 sub-districts had the cropping index still below 2, the R/C ratio of rice farming was 1.45, where the cost to produce 1 kg of milled dry grain in Serdang Bedagai Regency, on average are IDR 3,099. Meanwhile, the distribution and marketing of the harvest were controlled by big rice mill entrepreneurs.
Decision level of farmers in processing sago in North Luwu
Authors: Lanuhu N , Amiruddin A , Saadah  , Nadja R A , Amrullah A , Saputri A
Published: July 2021

Sago (Metroxylon spp) is a food commodity that contains a lot of carbohydrates, so sago is a staple food ingredient for several regions in Indonesia such as Maluku, Irian Jaya, Riau and Sulawesi. Sago plants have important social, economic and ecological roles for some communities. This study aims to measure the level of decision of sago farmers in terms of external factors in the West Malangke District. The results showed that during the period studied, from March to April 2019, the level of decisions of farmers in West Malangke District was in the high category with an average value of 30.85 and there were three factors that influenced the level of farmer’sdecisions in managing sago, namely the food need factor, economic factors and ecological factors.
Comparative analysis of production and income of rice farmers using and not using people’s business credit (KUR)
Authors: Nadja R A , Budiasa K , Rukka R M , Lumoindong Y , Viantika N M
Published: July 2021

The agricultural commodity that is expected to move positively in terms of increasing production and income is rice. One of the methods used is the provision of capital to control production inputs. One of the methods used by the government is to provide loans, namely the people’s business credit program (KUR). The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of production and income of rice farmers using and not using KUR in Balirejo Village, Angkona District, East Luwu Regency. The analysis technique used is the farm income analysis method. The results of this study indicate that from the results of comparison of production, the average income of farmers who use KUR is lower than farmers who do not use KUR. Farmers who use KUR have an average income of IDR 17,634,912 while farmers who do not use KUR have an average income of IDR 17,886,204.
Comparison of rice farming income planting system moving rice transplanter with manual in Sidoraharjo Village
Authors: Nadja R A , Summase I , Salam M , Busthanul N , Bakri R , Hartono B
Published: July 2021

In Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi, one of the machines used for planting is rice transplanter planting machine. The effective use of rice seed grower machines will ensure better rice productivity, namely increased production and income. The purpose of this study was to compare rice farming income between rice transplanter planting system with manual moving planting and to analyze whether planting technology moved Rice Transplanter more profitable than manual moving planting. The research was conducted in Sidoraharjo Village, Sukamaju District, North Luwu Regency. The analysis method used is the analysis of farm income and the analysis of Return Cost Ratio (R/C). The results of the analysis on the comparison of rice farming income, especially for farmers who use the rice transplanter system is greater when compared to the manual system. The R/C value of agriculture with Rice Transplanter system is 3.63 while the manual system is 2.82. Both agricultural systems are feasible to implement but farms with Rice Transplanter systems have higher feasibility value than manual systems.
Social capital and income of cocoa farmers in peta village, Sendana District, Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Heliawaty  , Rukmana D , lumoindong Y , Sulili A , Lanuhu N , Natsir I
Published: July 2021

Social capital has been tested by history as an important mechanism in achieving economic growth and equity in society. In terms of farmers’ income, one that can be used as an alternative in changing the farmer’s standard of living is through social capital. There are three elements of social capital that can be examined in this study, namely the element of trust, the element of network and the element of reciprocity. Research on the relationship between social capital and income of cocoa farmers aims to determine how strong the relationship between the three elements of social capital is to the income of cocoa farmers. This research was conducted from December 2018 to March 2019 in Peta Village, Sendana District, Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province. This location was determined by purposive sampling. The results of the study found that the recapitulation of the elements of social capital, trust, network and reciprocity of cocoa farmers were in the high category, with the income of cocoa farmers in the high category. For the relationship between social capital and income of cocoa farmers, the trust element has a sufficient coefficient value, while the network and reciprocity elements have a weak coefficient value. The relationship between social capital and income of cocoa farmers for the element of trust is in the quite significant category, while for the network elements and reciprocity on the income of cocoa farmers, it is in the weak category.
Factors affecting the conversion of cocoa land to rice field at West Sulawesi
Authors: Yulanri M , Amiruddin A , Arsyad M , Lanuhu N , Fudjaja L
Published: July 2021

Batupanga Village is one of the largest cocoa contributor areas in Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi. But in recent years many cocoa farmers have chosen to turn their cocoa fields into rice fields. One of the government’s free rice field printing programs encourages farmers to join the program. Changes in livelihoods are closely related to changes in economic aspects. Changes in economic aspects will also affect the social condition of the community, so that the switch of agricultural land also has an impact on the socioeconomic aspects of the community, especially farmers. This research aims to know what factors influence cocoa farmers in transferting their land from cocoa land to rice fields. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis. The results of this study are factors that influence farmers in converting cocoa land into rice fields in Batupanga Village, Luyo District is an economic factor (production, income), ecology (land area, environmental degradation), technical (water sources, alsintan), and social (number of family dependents, interaction).
Performance effectiveness of gapoktan pottana’e in Tajong Village, Tellu Siattinge District, Bone Regency
Authors: Rahmadanih  , Demmallino E B , Lanuhu N , Saadah  , Fahmid M , Aswar  , Nurmas A
Published: July 2021

Farmer’s organizations play an important role in the development of the agricultural sector in Indonesia to become a medium for solving agricultural problems. Empowerment of farmers and small businesses in rural areas by the government almost always uses a group approach. One of the fundamental weaknesses is the failure of group development because it is not done through a mature social process. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Gapoktan organizational performance based on the achievement of Gapoktan functions. This study used a quantitative method with the research location of Gapoktan Pottanae, Tajong Village, Tellu Siattinge District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. The results of the study concluded that the level of effectiveness of the Gapoktan Pottanae performance based on member responses was only 17,20%. It can be concluded that the implementation of the performance of the Gapoktan Pottanae in Tajong Village is not effective. This Gapoktan has not been able to meet the needs of members, both for the needs of agricultural machine tools and member farm capital, the guarantee of quantity, quality and continuity of results, has not been able to add value to products from member processing, there is no market guarantee and has not even been able to create independent farming for member farmers.
Erosion hazard index analysis of several land uses in Watatu Village, Donggala Regency
Authors: Pagiu Salapu , F. A Roland , Rahman Abd , Ramlan
Published: July 2021

Watatu Village is one of the villages located in Donggala Regency and as the capital city of South Banawa Sub-District which has significant potential in the agricultural sector, including cocoa plantations, oil palm trees, and paddy fields. This research aims as a source of information correlated to land-use policies and the erosion hazard index in Watatu Village, South Banawa Sub-District, Donggala Regency. The research was carried out by using the descriptive explorative method, and the observed variables were carried out through a survey. Soil sampling was determined purposively (purposive sampling) based on the category of land use and slope at the research location. Intact and incomplete soil samples were taken as many as 21 samples at seven land-use units. Sample analysis was performed at the Soil Science Laboratory on the Erosion Hazard Index, namely (1) soil texture, (2) soil structure, (3) organic matter content, and (4) permeability, and (5) bulk density. The results of the Erosion Hazard Index analysis showed that the high erosion hazard index was found in Land use unit 2 (mixed gardens), Land use unit 4 (cocoa gardens), Land use unit 5 (mixed gardens), and Land use unit 7 (Shrub). Thereby, conservation actions needed to preserve the environment to prevent or inhibit the rate of erosion and maintain the stability of land use.
Assessing the irrigation system distribution to the cropping index and rice land potency in North Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Siagian D R , Chairuman N , Sipahutar T , Nurzannah S E
Published: July 2021

The irrigation system is one of the main supporting factors to increase the production of an agricultural commodity, especially for rice. Recently, the significant contribution from the irrigation system gives small value because of some issues such as climate change, land use change, and the infrastructure damage from the irrigation infrastructure system itself. Indeed, it is affecting the total rice production. This study has objectives to map the distribution of irrigation canal system and to observe the correlation of irrigation canal distribution to the cropping index, total irrigated-area, total harvested area, and the total rice production in North Tapanuli Regency. The Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied for the mapping of the irrigation canal system distribution, and the SPSS through Pearson Correlation was implemented as well to analyze the correlation of the irrigation system in rice cultivation. The results show that the distribution of irrigation canal system has no correlation with the total irrigated area and the other parameters. Besides, it was found that the highest of the total irrigated area is located in Siborong-borong, Pangaribuan and Pagaran Districts by covered 2,561 ha, 2,254 ha and 1,711 ha, respectively. Then, it was observed that the total irrigated area has significant correlation with the total harvested area, total production and productivity. In addition the cropping index has positively correlation with the total rice production. Based on the results, it needs to increase the irrigated-coverage area on the districts level, to enhance the future rice production sustainability.