bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescribing patterns of myopia control contact lenses among optometrists in Ireland
Authors: Moore Michael , Flitcroft Daniel Ian , Loughman James
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This retrospective analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) data investigated the prescribing patterns of soft myopia control contact lens (MCCL) treatments since their introduction in Ireland in 2017.

Methods

Anonymised EMR data were sourced from 33 optometry practices in Ireland from 2017 to 2021 to determine the number of practices prescribing MCCLs to myopic children 5–18 years old. In MCCL‐prescribing practices, the proportion of contact lens wearing children fitted with MCCLs and the proportion of progressive (≤−0.25 D/year) myopic children fitted with MCCLs were determined. Logistic regression was used to determine which factors influenced the likelihood of being prescribed a MCCL.

Results

Overall, just 10 practices were found to prescribe MCCLs of any type. The Coopervision MiSight contact lens was used in 85% of all MCCL fittings with most other fits being off‐label multifocals. The use of MCCLs rose from 3% of contact lens fits in 2017 to 27% in 2021. Children fitted with MCCLs were on average younger (12.2 ± 2.3 years vs. 15.4 ± 2.1 years) but more myopic (−3.46 ± 1.84 D vs. −3.03 ± 1.69 D) than those fitted with standard contact lenses. The most predictive factors for being fitted with MCCLs were year of examination (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 2.13, 3.03), younger age (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.64) and greater myopia (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.39).

Conclusion

Clinician engagement in myopia management has increased in Ireland since the formal introduction of MCCLs, but more than two‐thirds of practices included are yet to offer this form of myopia management. The proportion of children with progressive myopia that has been prescribed MCCLs has increased, but the majority of children are still managed for vision correction only. There is significant scope for improving the uptake of evidence‐based myopia control treatments and for optimising the age and degree of myopia at which such interventions are initiated.
Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm delivery: Systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Klebanoff Mark A. , Schuit Ewoud , Lamont Ronald F. , Larsson Per‐Göran , Odendaal Hein J. , Ugwumadu Austin , Kiss Herbert , Petricevic Ljubomir , Andrews William W. , Hoffman Matthew K. , Shennan Andrew , Seed Paul T. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Emel Lynda M. , Bhandaru Vinay , Weiner Steven , Larsen Michael D.
Published: January 2023

Background

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases preterm delivery (PTD) risk, but treatment trials showed mixed results in preventing PTD.

Objectives

Determine, using individual participant data (IPD), whether BV treatment during pregnancy reduced PTD or prolonged time‐to‐delivery.

Data Sources

Cochrane Systematic Review (2013), MEDLINE, EMBASE, journal searches, and searches (January 2013–September 2022) (“bacterial vaginosis AND pregnancy”) of (i) clinicaltrials.gov; (ii) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; (iii) World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Portal; and (iv) Web of Science (“bacterial vaginosis”).

Study Selection and Data Extraction

Studies randomising asymptomatic pregnant individuals with BV to antibiotics or control, measuring delivery gestation. Extraction was from original data files. Bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Analysis used “one‐step” logistic and Cox random effect models, adjusting gestation at randomisation and PTD history; heterogeneity by I2. Subgroup analysis tested interactions with treatment. In sensitivity analyses, studies not providing IPD were incorporated by “multiple random‐donor hot‐deck” imputation, using IPD studies as donors.

Results

There were 121 references (96 studies) with 23 eligible trials (11,979 participants); 13 studies (6915 participants) provided IPD; 12 (6115) were incorporated. Results from 9 (4887 participants) not providing IPD were imputed. Odds ratios for PTD for metronidazole and clindamycin versus placebo were 1.00 (95% CI 0.84, 1.17), I2 = 62%, and 0.59 (95% CI 0.42, 0.82), I2 = 0 before; and 0.95 (95% CI 0.81, 1.11), I2 = 59%, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.12), I2 = 0, after imputation. Time‐to‐delivery did not differ from null with either treatment. Including imputed IPD, there was no evidence that either drug was more effective when administered earlier, or among those with a PTD history.

Conclusions

Clindamycin, but not metronidazole, was beneficial in studies providing IPD, but after imputing data from missing IPD studies, treatment of BV during pregnancy did not reduce PTD, nor prolong pregnancy, in any subgroup or when started earlier in gestation.
The optimal balance of controlled and spontaneous processing in insight problem solving:fMRIevidence from Chinese idiom guessing
Authors: Liu Di , Hao Lei , Han Lei , Zhou Ying , Qin Shaozheng , Niki Kazuhisa , Shen Wangbing , Shi Baoguo , Luo Jing
Published: January 2023

Cognitive control is a key factor in insight generation. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the generation of insight for different cognitive control remain poorly understood. This study developed a parametric fMRI design, wherein hints for solving Chinese idiom riddles were gradually provided in a stepwise manner (from the first hint, H1, to the final hint, H4). By classifying the step‐specific items solved in different hint‐uncovering steps/conditions, we could identify insightful responses for different levels of spontaneous or controlled processing. At the behavioral level, the number of insightful problem solving trials reached the maximum at a intermediate level of the cognitively controlled processing and the spontaneously idea generating in H3, while the bilateral insular cortex and thalamus showed the robust engagement, implying the function of these regions in making the optimal balance between external hint processing and internal generated ideas. In addition, we identified brain areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), angular gyrus (AG), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and precuneus (PreC), whose activities were parametrically increased with the levels of controlled (from H1 to H4) insightful processing which were increasingly produced by the sequentially revealed hints. Further representational similarity analysis (RSA) found that spontaneous processing in insight featured greater within‐condition representational variabilities in widely distributed regions in the executive, salience, and default networks. Altogether, the present study provided new evidence for the relationship between the process of cognitive control and that of spontaneous idea generation in insight problem solving and demystified the function of the insula and thalamus as an interactive interface for the optimal balance of these two processes.
Production and consumption in agri‐food transformations: Rethinking integrative perspectives
Authors: Beacham Jonathan D. , Evans David M.
Published: January 2023

The adverse consequences of contemporary agri‐food relations, particularly in terms of public health and environmental sustainability, have led to growing calls—across interdisciplinary research and policy perspectives—for fundamental systemic change. Focusing on the interconnections and ‘workings’ of agri‐food systems, these accounts have coalesced around the vernacular of transformation to think through the possible ways in which these relations might be configured differently. Against this backdrop, the relationship between food ‘production’ and food ‘consumption’ emerges as a key problem. This article revisits debates developed within Sociologia Ruralis approximately two decades ago concerning the terms on which consumption and consumers are brought into agri‐food scholarship, arguing that these are given renewed impetus in the context of contemporary calls for agri‐food transformation. We build on and advance these previous integrative efforts both by taking stock of recent advances in consumption studies and by responding to the shifting contours of food politics. The analysis focuses on the case of alternative proteins and outlines three substantive bodies of scholarship—the geographies of edibility, the economy of qualities and visceral politics—that we suggest offer considerable potential for renewing and updating the development of integrative perspectives on production and consumption. To conclude, we reflect on the theoretical and practical risks of seeking to reconcile ‘production’ and ‘consumption’ and argue that these new integrative concepts may themselves provide more suitable conceptual ‘building blocks’ for exploring the transformation of agri‐food relations.
A Cyclic Agree account of the Romance faire–infinitive causative: New evidence from Catalan
Authors: Pineda Anna , Sheehan Michelle
Published: January 2023

Catalan, like Italian and French, displays (notwithstanding certain complications) a pattern in causatives under facere such that the causee can be realized as dative only where its complement is “transitive.” We propose an analysis of this pattern based on Cyclic Agree. On our approach, transitivity‐sensitive dative arises where a probe agrees with a DP that requires case licensing, having previously probed (potentially defectively) a closer XP of any kind. Downward Cyclic Agree is possible, in this context, because neither goal c‐commands the other, which makes them both visible to a single higher probe. This model captures the basic transitivity‐sensitive pattern and the Strict Person–Case Constraint effects observed in this domain as well as the fact that dative is triggered not only by DPs requiring structural/dependent case but also by “defective interveners” (PPs, CPs, case‐marked DPs/clitics). We show that this Agree‐based account has potential advantages over competing dependent‐case approaches.
Anthropic Influence and Heritage Value of the Quaternary Deposits of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Tainá Paiva , Leite Mansur Kátia , Goulart Rodrigues Amanda
Published: January 2023

This study discusses the cause of local lithification in sediments from quaternary beach ridges of Paraíba do Sul Deltaic Complex (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and its application to the concept of geological heritage. These beach ridges were excavated to construct the Campos - Macaé Canal, opened in the 19th century predominantly by slave labor. A detailed sedimentological, mineralogical and petrological study was performed. The consolidated material consists to fine-grained sandstone with incipient parallel lamination. Kaolinite associated with iron oxides/hydroxides is organized in thin coatings, sometimes forming meniscus and bridges. The heavy mineral assembly of the sandstone is similar to those found in the beach ridges friable samples. The sandstone granulometry increases from east to west along the canal margins and the same pattern is observed in the adjacent beach ridges. We suggest that pedogenic processes acted intensively on Canal margins after its opening, causing mechanical infiltration and translocation of clay minerals, promoting differentiated consolidation of sediments only in that part that was deepened during the excavation. The anthropic action altered the local physiography by exposing the sediments of beach ridges. Therefore, this sandstone should be considered a geological heritage due to its unique occurrence, touristic, historical, scientific and educational value.
Study on the Exergy Transfer Characteristics of the Heat Transfer Process of the Tube Heating Furnace
Authors: Wang Lu , Cheng Qinglin , Sun Wei , Qi Yaming , Li Zhidong
Published: January 2023

Aiming to describe the heat transfer process of tubular heating furnace from the angle of energy quality, an exergy transfer model of tubular heating furnace was established to evaluate the energy consumption level of heat furnace. The model is based on the 1-N heat exchange chain theory, innovatively combined with the transfer evaluation index. The temperature distribution in the furnace chamber is calculated by the mathematical model of the zonal method, and then the reduction rate of the heat transfer density and the resistance rate of the heat transfer are calculated. The results show that the exergy potential of the radiant furnace tubes during the heat transfer of the heat furnace is large, and the influences of both the blackness of the furnace wall and the coefficient of convective heat transfer of the exergy transfer of the radiant furnace tubes under steady-state conditions are discussed in detail. With the increase in the blackness of the furnace wall, the exergy density of the flue gas side of the pipe wall increases significantly. With the decrease in the coefficient of convective heat transfer, the exergy density of the working medium side of the tube wall decreases significantly. The energy efficiency of the heat furnace can be improved by adjusting the two parameters in engineering.
Thermal Stability of Additively Manufactured Mar M 509
Authors: Sahu Shreehard , Kumar Bikash , Sahoo Siba Sundar , Jaya Balila Nagamani , Srinivasan Dheepa
Published: January 2023

Co based superalloy Mar M 509 having excellent high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance is studied via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mar M 509 in the as-printed (AsP) and heat-treated (HT) condition are compared, as a function of two build orientations (longitudinal (L) and transverse (T)), to establish a working range for application of the alloy. The AsP condition has a distinct cellular microstructure (500–600 nm) with 50–60 nm carbide particles decorating the cell boundaries. The L build orientation displays a strong <001> texture, has columnar grains with a grain size of 8–35 μm (along major axis) and a grain aspect ratio of 4, while the T orientation displays a more equiaxed, but bi-modal microstructure with a grain size of 5–28 μm. The room temperature mechanical properties show variability between L and T with T having 15% higher hardness and 34% higher 0.2% yield strength (YS), 30% lower elongation than L. After a short cycle heat treatment at 1250°C, the weld bead structure and cellular boundaries are broken down and there is substantial grain growth in both L (25–33 μm along major axis) and T orientations (5–42 μm), along with coarsening of carbides (250–350 nm). The dislocation density reduces substantially, indicating recrystallisation, and the lattice parameter of the matrix drops significantly, suggesting solute depletion that contributes to precipitate growth and enrichment of the carbides. There is a drop in the yield strength from 860 MPa to 740 MPa in L and from 1150 MPa to 840MPa in T and an increase in ductility from 14% to 23% in L.
Encapsulating and Inkjet-Printing Electronics on Flexible Substrates for Harsh Environment
Authors: Wankhede Sahil , Du Xian , Alshehri Ali , Brashler Keith , Turcan Doru
Published: January 2023

We have developed a proof of concept for a flexible sensor in harsh environmental conditions by using the inkjet printing technique. Printing a conductive pattern on a flexible substrate poses several challenges like surface energy mismatch, nonuniform ink deposition, and crack formation leading to poor conductivity. Further, there is a need for a flexible, oil and chemical-resistant encapsulant material to protect the sensor from harsh environments. We proposed a process to overcome these challenges and validated this process by measuring the actual and theoretical resistance values of the printed patterns on the flexible substrates that were found to be comparable. The printed patterns were encapsulated with fluoroelastomer, well-known for excellent oil and chemical resistance. We investigated the effect of a harsh environment on conductivity by submerging it in hydraulic oil at temperatures 80°C–180°C. Results revealed a negligible change in resistance. Thus, we devised a single process that can be used for printing conductive patterns on various flexible substrates like Polyethylene terephthalate, Polydimethylsiloxane, and Silicone rubber. Furthermore, the effectiveness of fluoroelastomer as an encapsulant for the harsh environment was investigated.
Food Contact Materials: An Analysis of Water Absorption in Nylon 12 3D Printed Parts Using SLS After VaporFuse Surface Treatment
Authors: Trindade Elizabeth Cristine Adam , Ruest Camille , Deschênes Jean-Sébastien , Brousseau Jean
Published: January 2023

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a typical method of 3D printing in an industrial environment. It is often used to print different materials, such as metals, ceramics, and plastics. Nylon 12 is the most common plastic and material processed by SLS technology. In the present paper, the water absorption and wettability of Nylon 12 in additive manufacturing (AM) products are explored. The research for obtaining inert, non-absorbent and non-corrosive surfaces, and globally more effective materials to reduce the proliferation of microorganisms is becoming a necessity for the development of novel food contact materials. Surface treatments aim at improving the porosity and general roughness of the material and are expected to improve its hydrophobicity. The wetting state between Nylon 12 and water was studied by measuring the contact angles as primary data. The measurement of absorbed water (ASTM 570) is thus used as an indicator of material quality to prevent bacterial growth and degradation of the material mechanical properties. Therefore, water absorption tests were performed with SLS printed plates with and without surface treatment. Plates with surface treatment showed a mass increase of 0.35 ± 0.04% while those without surface treatment showed a mass increase of 0.76 ± 0.08%.
A Feasibility Study of Additively Manufactured Composite Tooling
Authors: Valentine Max , Radhakrishnan Arjun , Maes Vincent , Pegg Elise , Valero Maria , Kratz James , Dhokia Vimal
Published: January 2023

As the flexibility and reliability of additive manufacturing (AM) and its corresponding design tools increases, it is becoming a viable option for more industries. One application area that could benefit from AM is composite component manufacture. The layup and molding of composite materials face significant challenges presented by tight design timescales, growing demand for productivity, and the complexity of components and end products. Therefore, there is an immediate potential to save energy by reducing the mass of the curing equipment and tooling to enhance process heat transmission. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the reduction of embodied energy within mold tools that are printed using an AM process. Using an AM approach, it is possible to design lightweight curing tools to increase the curing rate and quality of heat distribution in the mold. The viability of additively producing these cure tools was assessed by analyzing the geometrical precision of the composite mold outputs, material utilization, and heat transmission qualities of each sample. In this study, 14 cure tools were designed and manufactured with a 100 mm2 curing surface area, top plate thickness of 1–2 mm, and stiffening lattices behind the curing surface with a depth of 10 mm. Four lattice geometries, gyroid, dual-wall gyroid, planar diamond, and stochastic, were tested based on their overall geometrical accuracy and thermal responsiveness. While the stochastic lattice had the best single tool properties, the planar diamond and gyroid lattice tools had better potential for future use in the design of additively manufactured composite tooling.
Effect of Build Geometry and Porosity in Additively Manufactured CuCrZr
Authors: Kulkarni Anup , Peddiraju Vivek C. , Chatterjee Subhradeep , Srinivasan Dheepa
Published: January 2023

The current work presents an understanding of microstructure and mechanical properties as a function of build geometry and build orientation in Cu-Cr-Zr via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. Porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties have been compared in the as-printed (AP) and heat treated (HT) LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr, between cylindrical and cube geometries, along the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) build orientations. Varying porosity levels were observed that yielded parts with 96–97% relative density in the AP condition. The AP microstructure, characterized by a combination of optical and electron microscopic techniques, demonstrated a hierarchical microstructure, comprising of grains (2.5–100 μm) with a cellular substructure (400–850 nm) and intracellular nanoscale (20–60 nm) precipitates enriched in Cu and Zr. Unlike most materials in the AP condition, crystallographic texture was found to be absent; however, very distinct river like patterns highlighted a novel characteristic of the LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr. Upon solutionizing and aging, Cr precipitates were seen heterogeneously nucleating along cell boundaries (0.5–1.3 μm), causing up to 45% enhancement in the strength and a 4–5% lower ductility. The yield strength along the transverse orientation was 10–16% higher than that of longitudinal orientation, in both the AP and HT conditions. Fracture surface of the tensile samples exhibited micro-voids and cleavage facets and unmelted particles. In spite of the observed defects, the overall mechanical properties matched well with those obtained in nearly dense (> 99%) samples and the mechanical property debit was less than 10%.
Temperature Field Monitoring in Fused Filament Fabrication Process Based on Physics-Constrained Dictionary Learning
Authors: Lu Yanglong , Wang Yan
Published: January 2023

Compressed sensing takes advantage of the sparsity of data representation in the reciprocal space and achieves data compression. The performance of compressed sensing however depends on the measurement and basis matrices. To maximize the sparsity level of recovered coefficient vectors, dictionary learning has been developed to optimize the basis matrices for specific signals. Nevertheless, the theoretically optimal results from dictionary learning can be difficult to achieve in manufacturing process monitoring because the physical realization is restricted by the number of sensors, physical sizes of sensors, and sensor accessibility in the manufacturing environment. In this work, a physics-constrained dictionary learning (PCDL) approach is proposed to optimize the measurement and basis matrices separately with the considerations of these restrictions. The uniqueness of the PCDL is that there is only one non-zero entry in each row in the optimized measurement matrix so that the physical locations for the sensor placement are directly determined. Additional constraints of sensor accessibility are also incorporated. The proposed PCDL is demonstrated with thermal imaging for fused filament fabrication process monitoring. High-resolution thermal images are reconstructed with the optimized basis matrix and the limited pixel values at the optimized locations to allow for efficient monitoring.
In-Process Mechanical Working of Additive Manufactured Rene 41
Authors: James William Sean , Ganguly Supriyo , Pardal Goncalo
Published: January 2023

In developing the wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process for creep resistant alloys for defence applications, structures were built from nickel-based superalloy Rene 41 (RE41). The performance of the additive manufactured alloy was analysed for applications including components used in high-speed flight environments, where external structures could reach service temperatures of up to 1000 K. As a single use system with relatively short flight times of < 1 hour, components will be highly stressed to minimise structural mass. In this paper, three wall structures were deposited using a plasma transferred arc process, in a layer-by-layer manner where each layer was mechanically worked by machine hammer peening directly after deposition. With a constant impact frequency, three different travel speeds for the peening tool were used for each wall structure. To understand the most effective cold working parameters, samples were tested and analysed for their mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics after aging treatment. Samples were tested at room temperature and compared with results of both non-worked heat-treated AM material and wrought data obtained from literature review.

Heat-treated only material showed a typical dendritic structure with large columnar grains, and peened material showed a significantly different grain structure. No noticeable difference was observed in the formed phases between the two conditions. Mechanical testing showed promising results with a significant improvement over the non-worked strength. Intermediate and slow peening speeds were very effective, achieving UTS and YS results close to that of the wrought alloy, with a similar increase in the elastic modulus compared to non-worked material. However, faster peening speeds were less effective at returning the material to wrought strength.
Comparison of Technical and Economic Properties of Additively Manufactured Components Using Masked Stereolithography and Fused Layer Modeling
Authors: Junk Stefan , Bär Felix
Published: January 2023

Additive manufacturing with plastics enables the production of lightweight and resilient components with a high degree of design freedom. In the low-cost sector, Material Extrusion as Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) has so far been the leading method, as it offers simple 3D printers and a variety of inexpensive 3D materials. However, printing times for 6FLM are very long and dimensional accuracy and surface finish are rather poor. Recently, new processes from the field of Vat Polymerization have appeared on the market, such as masked Stereolithography (mSLA), which offer a significant improvement in component quality and build speed at equally favorable machine costs.

This paper therefore analyzes the technical and economic capabilities of the two competing additive processes. For this purpose, the achievable dimensional and surface qualities are determined using a test specimen which represents various important geometry elements. In addition, the machine and material costs are determined and compared with each other. Finally, the resulting environmental impact is determined in the form of the CO2 footprint. In order to optimize the strength of the printed components, material properties of the tensile specimens produced additively with mSLA are determined. The use of ABS-like resins will also be investigated to determine optimal processing settings.
The Role of an Individual Lack-of-Fusion Defect in the Fatigue Performance of Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Part
Authors: Li Zongchen , Gut Andre , Burda Iurii , Michel Silvain , Romancuk Dejan , Affolter Christian
Published: January 2023

Additive manufacturing techniques have made AM Ti-6Al-4V parts a reality in many industries. However, despite the optimism, their poor fatigue performance especially in high cycle regime is the major hurdle for the industry accepting it as mainstream. One of the reasons owes to the widely distributed internal defects inherent to the AM process, which create a hotbed for fatigue crack initiation. Available investigations on lack of fusions, regarded as the most detrimental defects, are very limited. Regarding this, we conducted finite element analysis to evaluate the fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloys with an individual lack-of-fusion defect. Three different lack-of-fusion defects, directly scanned from Selective Laser Melting Ti-6Al-4V coupons using Micro-Computed Tomography with different geometry features, have been numerically analyzed. We compare the mechanical results (e.g., stress, strain, and elastic stress concentration factors) of the lack-of-fusion defects to the results of gas-entrapped pores, which share the same height and the same volume, to reveal the detriment of lack-of-fusion defects. Furthermore, we conduct a parametric study on lack-of-fusion defects orientation and size, as well as the aspect ratios. The results provide a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the lack-of-fusion defects in additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys, paving the way for further research of additive manufactured metallic alloys.
Exploring Augmented Reality for Teaching Design for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Melo Gustavo , Ravi Rohit , Jauer Lucas , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich
Published: January 2023

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has a great potential of disrupting product design and supply chains in many industries by means of its unique capabilities when compared to traditional manufacturing. A wide range of designers would like to take advantage of AM to improve their designs, but they need assistance in learning and breaking out of their conventional manufacturing mindset in the early phases of the design process. Therefore, this study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance the learning experience of the existing Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing using Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) cards. In this study, we propose a modification of DfAM cards to include AR markers into the existing card design and hence provide a comprehensive visualization along with the information about heuristics and examples on the DfAM cards. This helps the user to understand the real-world structure of the final printed product before it is printed. The cross-platform game engine Unity is used for developing the AR models for this research. We also investigate the advantages that AR can provide as a visual interface. An expert review is conducted to obtain development feedback and a trial training session with students is carried out. The student evaluated positively the use of the AR app in their DfAM lecture and exercise.
Efficacy of a Video Modeling and Imagery-Controlled Trial Intervention in a Non-Western Adolescent Population: A Case Study
Authors: Chungath Asha Francis , Sudhesh N.T. , Gupta Sahen , Divekar Sanika
Published: January 2023

There is a dearth of evidence from non-Western populations and contexts in the sport psychology literature. With increasing attention given to the development of cultural sport psychology and decentralizing sport psychology evidence, this is the first study to document the effectiveness of applied interventions in non-Western populations (herein, India). With a rigorous methodological design, we randomly distributed a sample of 90 adolescents into three skill groups (discrete, serial, and continuous) and separated them across the team and individual sports. A random assignment of participants to two experimental groups, that is, imagery and video modeling interventions, and a control group was conducted for the duration of a 66-day intervention. Sport psychology imagery and video modeling interventions were provided in addition to skills training across all groups. Repeated-measures analyses of variance demonstrated that the intervention groups exhibited positive outcomes on skill execution (across discrete, serial, and continuous skills) and anxiety compared with the control group (p < .05). The findings of this study provide novel evidence that video modeling and imagery interventions are effective among a non-Western adolescent population. The context of this high-impact intervention case study, the intervention, and the challenges of developing and delivering the intervention are discussed along with their practical significance for future research and applied practice.
“Rocked by Racism”: A Confessional Tale From a Trainee Practitioner Following a Racism Scandal at an Elite Youth Soccer Academy
Authors: Price David , Wagstaff Christopher R.D. , Quartiroli Alessandro
Published: January 2023

In this case study, we present a confessional tale that outlines the unique challenges and experiences of a trainee practitioner working in an elite youth soccer academy, during and following a racism scandal. We first locate our intersectional identities before contextualizing how the racism scandal emerged. Nested within the confessional tale is a series of critical reflections relating to the internal conflict between the trainee practitioner’s values, beliefs, and ethical obligations when working with released players who engaged in the racist behavior, confronting his Whiteness, White privileges, and experiences of White guilt and the lack of a culturally centered framework within the supervisee–supervisor relationship. While the trainee practitioner recognizes the significant work still required to become more culturally humble, we conclude by offering several applied recommendations to support others in developing a more culturally grounded practice framework.
Student Athletes’ Causal Attributions for Sport and School Achievement in Relation to Sport Dropout and Grade Point Average
Authors: Saarinen Milla , Bertram Raymond , Aunola Kaisa , Pankkonen Julia , Ryba Tatiana V.
Published: January 2023

The present study longitudinally examined stability and change in the attributional profiles of Finnish student athletes (n = 391) in upper secondary sport schools. Moreover, it examined the extent to which these profiles, and changes in them, were associated with athletes’ level of sport competition and school achievements and dropouts at the end of upper secondary sport school. Using latent profile analysis, five different and highly stable attributional profiles were identified for student athletes: (a) depressive (6.9%), (b) athletic self-serving (23.0%), (c) average (16.4%), (d) learned helplessness (30.9%), and (e) responsible (22.8%). The results further showed that over the 3-year study period, the responsible attributional style, wherein individuals take responsibility for successes and failures, predicted student athletes’ subsequent high grade point average and low sport dropout rates even after controlling for the impacts of their earlier grade point average, gender, and type of sport.
E-cadherin in developing murine T cells controls spindle alignment and progression through β-selection
Authors: Charnley Mirren , Allam Amr H. , Newton Lucas M. , Humbert Patrick O. , Russell Sarah M.
Published: January 2023

A critical stage of T cell development is β-selection; at this stage, the T cell receptor β (TCRβ) chain is generated, and the developing T cell starts to acquire antigenic specificity. Progression through β-selection is assisted by low-affinity interactions between the nascent TCRβ chain and peptide presented on stromal major histocompatibility complex and cues provided by the niche. In this study, we identify a cue within the developing T cell niche that is critical for T cell development. E-cadherin mediates cell-cell interactions and influences cell fate in many developmental systems. In developing T cells, E-cadherin contributed to the formation of an immunological synapse and the alignment of the mitotic spindle with the polarity axis during division, which facilitated subsequent T cell development. Collectively, these data suggest that E-cadherin facilitates interactions with the thymic niche to coordinate the β-selection stage of T cell development.
The Klebsiella pneumoniae
ter
Operon Enhances Stress Tolerance
Authors: Mason Sophia , Vornhagen Jay , Smith Sara N. , Mike Laura A. , Mobley Harry L. T. , Bachman Michael A.
Published: January 2023

Healthcare-acquired infections are a leading cause of disease in patients that are hospitalized or in long-term-care facilities.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(Kp) is a leading cause of bacteremia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections in these settings. Previous studies have established that the
ter
operon, a genetic locus that confers tellurite oxide (K
2
TeO
3
) resistance, is associated with infection in colonized patients.
Genome Update for Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolate SBW25
Authors: Fortmann-Grote Carsten , Hugoson Eric , Summers Joanna , Theodosiou Loukas , Rainey Paul B.
Published: January 2023

We report a genome update for
Pseudomonas fluorescens
isolate SBW25. The updated genome assembly, which was derived from the original isolate, is based on PacBio long-read sequence data. It shows three minor differences, compared with the previously published genome sequence. Original annotations were merged with recent automated annotations to preserve information.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain ISO1, a Potential Probiotic Bacterium Isolated from the Milk of South African Saanen Goats
Authors: Makete Goitsemang , Mamphogoro Tshifhiwa Paris
Published: January 2023

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
strain ISO1, a potential probiotic with wide food and biotechnological applications, was isolated from the raw milk of South African Saanen goats. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium. Sequencing yielded a 3.23-Mb genome and 2,967 protein-coding sequences.
Genome Sequences of
Metabacillus
sp. Strain B2-18, Isolated from Human Skin, and Metabacillus endolithicus KCTC 33579
T
Authors: Son Haelim , Lee Kyoung
Published: January 2023

Metabacillus
sp. strain B2-18 was isolated from human skin. Here, we present the whole-genome sequences of this strain and
Metabacillus endolithicus
KCTC 33579
T
. The genomes of these strains contain 14 and 15 rRNA gene operons, respectively.
Aptamer-Assisted Proximity Ligation Assay for Sensitive Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus
Authors: Hmila Issam , Marnissi Boutheina , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood , Ghram Abdeljelil
Published: January 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes high morbidity and mortality and large economic losses in the poultry industry. The virus has the ability to genetically mutate into new IBV strains, causing devastating disease and outbreaks.
Chlamydia trachomatis Subverts Alpha-Actinins To Stabilize Its Inclusion
Authors: Haines A. , Wesolowski J. , Paumet F.
Published: January 2023

Despite antibiotics, recurrent
C. trachomatis
infections cause significant damage to the genital tract in men and women. Without a preventative vaccine, it is paramount to understand the virulence mechanisms that
Chlamydia
employs to cause disease.
Deficient Complement Opsonization Impairs Mycobacterium avium Killing by Neutrophils in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lenhart-Pendergrass Patricia M. , Malcolm Kenneth C. , Wheeler Emily , Rysavy Noel M. , Poch Katie , Caceres Silvia , Calhoun Kara M. , Martiniano Stacey L. , Nick Jerry A.
Published: January 2023

Mycobacterium avium
is a member of a group of bacterial species termed nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that cause lung disease in certain populations, including persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). NTM infections are challenging to diagnose and can be even more difficult to treat.
Single Cell Killing Kinetics Differentiate Phenotypic Bacterial Responses to Different Antibacterial Classes
Authors: Zhang Yuewen , Kepiro Ibolya , Ryadnov Maxim G. , Pagliara Stefano
Published: January 2023

Antibiotics act against bacterial pathogens by inhibiting their growth or killing them directly. Different modes of action determine different antibacterial responses, whereas phenotypic differences in bacteria can challenge the efficacy of antibiotics.
Antimicrobial Resistance of and Genomic Insights into Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Australian Pigs
Authors: Truswell Alec , Laird Tanya J. , Jones Suzanna , O’Dea Mark , Blinco John , Abraham Rebecca , Morison Daniel , Jordan David , Hampson David J. , Pang Stanley , Abraham Sam
Published: January 2023

Pasteurellosis is rated by the World Animal Health Organisation (OIE) as a high-impact disease in livestock. Although it is well understood in many host-disease contexts, our understanding of the organism in porcine respiratory disease is limited.
A Simple CRISPR/Cas9 System for Efficiently Targeting Genes of Aspergillus Section
Flavi
Species, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus niger
Authors: Chang Perng-Kuang
Published: January 2023

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing systems have been developed for many aspergilli. Reported gene-targeting efficiencies vary greatly and are dependent on delivery methods, repair mechanisms of induced double-stranded breaks, selection markers, and genetic backgrounds of transformation recipient strains.
Supplemental Material: Systematic vertical organization of matrix-rich and associated matrix-poor sandstones in ancient deep-marine slope and basin-floor deposits
Authors: Ningthoujam J. , al. et
Published: January 2023

Interpreted drone photomosaics and associated correlation panels of stratigraphic sections from the Windermere Supergroup and the Cloridorme Formation showing locations of Figures 8, 9, and 10.   
Supplemental Material: Extremely low δ56Fe in arc tholeiites linked to ferrocarbonate recycling: Implications for Fe enrichment in the Awulale Arc, Central Asia
Authors: Yan Shuang , Niu He-Cai , et al.
Published: January 2023

Figure S1: (A) Zr/Nb vs. SiO2, (B) Ce/Pb vs. SiO2, and (C) (87Sr/86Sr)i vs. Rb/Sr for the Chagangnuoer ferrobasaltic samples. Figure S2: (A) Fe3+/ΣFe vs. FeOT, (B) Fe3+/ΣFe vs. LOI, and (C) δ56Fe vs. FeOT for the Chagangnuoer ferrobasaltic and dacitic samples. Table S1: Selected major and trace element contents for the Chagangnuoer ferrobasaltic and dacitic samples. Table S2: EPMA data for major mineral phases in the Chagangnuoer ferrobasalt and dacite.
Supplemental Material: Mineralization and genesis of the orogenic gold system in the Kalamaili area, East Junggar, Xinjiang, northwestern China
Authors: Gu Xuexiang , et al.
Published: January 2023

Figure S1: Field photographs of regional deformation. Figure S2: Jinshuiquan fluid inclusions. Figure S3: Nanmingshui fluid inclusions.  Figure S4: Sujiquandong fluid inclusions. Table S1: Concentrations of Trace Elements in Quartz from the Gold Deposits at Kalamaili. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Dating Results of Zircons from the Auriferous Quartz Vein in the Nanmingshui Gold Deposit. Table S3: Rare Earth Element (REE) Concentrations of Zircons from the Auriferous Quartz Vein in the Nanmingshui Gold Deposit.
Logarithmic Relaxation of the Nonequilibrium State of the Charge Density Wave in TbTe3 and HoTe3 Compounds
Authors: Frolov A. V. , Orlov A. P. , Voropaev D. M. , Hadj-Azzem A. , Sinchenko A. A. , Monceau P.
Published: January 2023

The measurements of electronic transport including the dynamic properties of the charge density wave (CDW) in the quasi-two-dimensional compound HoTe3have been performed. The effects of the slow relaxation of the nonequilibrium state of the CDW during isothermal exposure in the zero current mode, previously observed in TbTe3, have been discovered and studied. A significant increase in the exposure time made it possible to clearly demonstrate that the relaxation is logarithmic. Relaxation features were studied in different temperature and time ranges. The data obtained indicate the glassy behavior of the CDW pinning centers in rare-earth tritellurides.
Structural Mechanism of Ionic Conductivity of the TRPV1 Channel
Authors: Trofimov Yu. A. , Minakov A. S. , Krylov N. A. , Efremov R. G.
Published: January 2023

The so-called “hydrophobic gating” is widely discussed as a putative mechanism to control water and ion conduction via ion channels. This effect can occur in narrow areas of the channels pore lined by non-polar residues. In the closed state of the channel, such regions may spontaneously transit to a dehydrated state to block water and ions transport without full pore occlusion. In the open state, the hydrophobic gate is wide enough to provide sustainable hydration and conduction. Apparently, the transport through the open hydrophobic gate may by facilitated by some polar residues that assist polar/charged substances to overcome the energy barrier created by nonpolar environment. In this work, we investigated the behavior of Na+ ions and their hydration shells in the open pore of the rat TRPV1 ion channel by molecular dynamics simulations. We show that polar protein groups coordinate water molecules in such a way as to restore the hydration shell of ions in the hydrophobic gate that ensures ion transport through the gate in a fully hydrated state.
PARP1 Gene Knockout Suppresses Expression of DNA Base Excision Repair Genes
Authors: Zakharenko A. L. , Malakhova A. A. , Dyrkheeva N. S. , Okorokova L. S. , Medvedev S. P. , Zakian S. M. , Kabilov M. R. , Tupikin A. A. , Lavrik O. I.
Published: January 2023

The effect of PARP1 knockout in HEK293 cells on the gene expression of DNA base excision repair (BER) proteins was studied. It was shown that the expression of all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of BER was reduced by knockout. The expression of the DNA glycosylase gene NEIL1, which is considered to be one of the common “hubs” for binding BER proteins, has changed the most. The expression of genes of auxiliary subunits of DNA polymerases δ and ε is also significantly reduced. The PARP1 gene knockout cell line obtained is an adequate cell model for studying the activity of the BER process in the absence of PARP1 and testing drugs aimed at inhibiting repair processes. It has been found for the first time that knockout of the PARP1 gene results in a significant change in the level of expression of proteins responsible for ribosome biogenesis and the functioning of the proteasome.
Incubation of Lymphocytes with IL-2 Causes the Appearance of Antitumor T Cells Carrying FC, CD25, and LFA-1 on the Surface
Authors: Ivanova O. K. , Sharapova T. N. , Romanova E. A. , Yashin D. V. , Sashchenko L. P.
Published: January 2023

To carry out antitumor activity against cells that have lost surface antigens, human lymphocytes must have a certain repertoire of surface proteins capable of contacting a tumor cell and inducing programmed cell death in it. In this work, we showed that activation of healthy donor cells by IL-2 cytokine within 6 days causes the appearance of FasL, CD25, and LFA-1 proteins on CD8+CD25+ T lymphocytes, and also converts the LFA-1 protein into an active form having a high affinity for its target, ICAM-1 integrin. The appearance of these proteins on the surface of this subpopulation of lymphocytes allows them to induce programmed cell death in HLA-negative tumor cells.
Influence of Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitor on the Proapoptotic and Genotoxic Effects of Anticancer Agent Topotecan
Authors: Chepanova A. A. , Zakharenko A. L. , Dyrkheeva N. S. , Chernyshova I. A. , Zakharova O. D. , Ilina E. S. , Luzina O. A. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Lavrik O. I.
Published: January 2023

To date, various strategies have been proposed to increase the efficiency of cancer therapy. It is known that the action of DNA repair system can determine the resistance of cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and one of these ways to increase therapeutic efficiency is the search for inhibitors of enzymes of the DNA repair system. Inhibition of the DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase1 (Tdp1) leads to an increase in the effectiveness of the topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitor, the anticancer drug topotecan. Covalent complexes Top1-DNA, which are normally short-lived and are not a threat to the cell, are stabilized under the influence of topotecan and lead to cell death. Tdp1 eliminates such stabilized complexes and thus weaken the effect of topotecan therapy. We have previously shown that the use of the usnic acid hydrazonothiazole derivative OL9-119 in combination with topotecan increased the antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of the latter in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma. In this work, it was shown that the combined use of topotecan and Tdp1 inhibitor, the hydrazonothiazole derivative of usnic acid OL9-119, leads to an increase in the DNA-damaging effect of topotecan which is used in the clinic for the treatment of cancer. The study of the proapoptotic effect of the compound OL9-119 showed that the compound itself does not induce apoptosis, but increases the proapoptotic effect of topotecan. The results of the study could be used to improve the effectiveness of anticancer therapy and/or to reduce the therapeutic dose of topotecan and, therefore, the severity of side effects.