bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Rare-Earth Elements in the Profile of Alluvial Meadow Soil in Kurkuty Bay oz. Baikal
Authors: Zarubina O. V.
Published: April 2024

The results presented of the content of rare-earth elements in the profile of the alluvial meadow soil of the Kurkuty bay of the lake Baikal. The maximum content for light rare earth elements was revealed in the upper Ap horizon. The content of heavy rare earth elements along the profile of the sections distributes evenly and reaches its maximum value mainly in horizons A and B.
Adaptation of the Method of Analytical Control of the Content of α-Amylase in Triticale Grain
Authors: Barnashova E. K. , Ostyshev A. N. , Sluzova O. V. , Gardina Yu. S. , Zhilin S. V. , Taraskin K. A.
Published: April 2024

Triticale grain crop is promising for cultivation in various regions of central Russia. Stable yield, high resistance to adverse conditions, allow us to consider this cereal plant as a reliable source of food production. The purpose of this study was to quantify the content of active α-amylase in triticale grain to provide a forecast of agrotechnical measures. The analysis of the quantitative content of  α-amylase was carried out on a laboratory spectrofluorimeter using standard bioassays conducted on the basis of a set of reagents for determining the activity of  α-amylase in blood serum and urine; the conversion factor for calculating enzyme activity was calculated using a multiparametric calibrator of biochemical analyzers. To improve the methodology for the determination of  α-amylase in real samples of plant raw materials, flour of winter triticale varieties grown in the field was used. Based on the results of measuring the activity of  α-amylase in triticale grain, a comparative assessment of the enzyme content in the flour of grain crops of 2020 and 2021 was carried out; the dependence of pre-harvest seed germination on the content of  α-amylase in grain of various varieties, lines and hybrids was shown. Based on the data obtained on the content of  α-amylase in triticale grain, a comparative assessment of the characteristics of pre-harvest seed germination was carried out. The indicator of the quantitative content of  α-amylase can be recommended for use in the diagnosis of pre-harvest germination of grain, as well as in breeding work when creating new varieties of grain crops.
Combined Effect of PGPR Strains Pseudomonas plecoglossicidA 2,4-D and Humic Substances on the Growth, Content of Photosynthetic Pigments and Phytohormones in Wheat Plants in Drought Conditions
Authors: Feoktistova A. V. , Timergalin M. D. , Rameev T. V. , Chetverikov S. P.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to study the effect of bacteria that stimulate plant growth and humic substances on the content of chlorophyll, nitrogen balance index, cytokinin concentration, abscisic acid in wheat plants grown in drought conditions. The accumulation of the raw mass of wheat plants during treatment with a strain of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2,4-D bacteria and humic substances with a deficiency of soil moisture is shown. Stimulation of plant growth is associated with the activation of root growth, which led to an increase in the nitrogen balance index and chlorophyll concentration in the treated plants. The detected increase in the concentration of chlorophyll in plants treated with P. plecoglossicida 2,4-D correlated with a decrease in the content of abscisic acid in shoots, and in plants treated with humates – with an increase in cytokinins in shoots. A higher efficiency of plant treatment with a combination of bacteria and humic substances than any of them individually may be associated with the additive effect of these treatments on hormonal balance.
Application of Mineral Fertilizers in Forests with Respect to Forest Carbon Budget
Authors: Mukhortova L. V. , Martynenko O. V. , Korotkov V. N. , Karminov V. N. , Schepaschenko D. G.
Published: April 2024

Carbon sequestration and conservation is one of the important ecosystem functions of the forest. The task of modern science is to explore the possibilities of enhancing this function in order to counter the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Sustainable and climate smart forestry, in particular the use of mineral fertilizers, are an effective way to increase the productivity of forests and enhance their carbon-sequestration capacity. This review aims to summarize the experience of using mineral fertilizers in boreal and temperate forests. It is concluded that fertilization should be selective, and it is most effective in combination with other forest management operations. A significant effect is observed on sites with medium-productivity conditions on sites with with sufficient, but not excessive moisture, at the age of the maximum current increment of biomass or commercial wood (40–70 years for coniferous species). The most common (inexpensive, but effective) are N-fertilizers, but it is necessary to control the content of other nutrients, in particular P, K and B. We have collected and published a database of long-term experiments on the application of mineral fertilizers. Experiments have shown that the absorption of 1 t of CO2-eq. requires from 5.6 to 10.3 kg (on average 7.2) of nitrogen. The results of a fertilizer application project should be compared against the baseline (without fertilizer application), and the difference can be counted in emission reduction units.
Effect of Long-Term Use of Straw and Siderates on Gray Forest Soil on the Productivity of Agrocenoses
Authors: Sorokin I. B. , Kulizhskiy S. P. , Pasko O. A. , Merzlyakov O. E.
Published: April 2024

A study in a stationary field experiment on gray forest soil of the Tomsk region proved the advantage of biologization of agriculture with the use of biological resources of agrocenoses (straw and siderates) in the grain-steam crop rotation. Regular application of only N45 before sowing provided an average increase in grain yield of 4.3 c/ha (by 26%), straw without nitrogen – by 1.3 c/ha (by 7.5%). When applying straw with nitrogen for 20 years, an increase in yield was obtained, not exceeding the total effect of nitrogen and straw – 5.1 c/ha (by 30.7%). The use of sideral steam against the background of regular application of straw provided an increase in the yield of grain crops by 3.8 c/ha (by 22.4%). After 20 years of the experiment, the average humus content in the arable horizon decreased by 9.6% from the initial when using pure steam without fertilizers. In order to preserve the potential fertility, the introduction of only straw and (or) mineral nitrogen in this case was also insufficient. At the same time, the lateral steam and regular application of straw ensured the preservation of the humus content in the arable horizon at the initial level. During 4 rotations (2001–2021) of the grain-steam crop rotation, the increasing efficiency of sideral steam was noted against the background of regular use of straw as fertilizer compared to the pure steam variant: in the 1st rotation, the yield of grain crops in these variants was at the same level, in the 2nd – the yield after sideral steam was 11.7 more% more than after pure steam, in the 3rd rotation – respectively 18% more, and in the 4th rotation, sideral steam provided better grain yields than after pure steam (an increase of 36.5%).
Influence of Tillage Systems on the Content of Organic Matter and Its Structural State
Authors: Balabanova N. F. , Voronkova N. A. , Yushkevich L. V.
Published: April 2024

In a long-term stationary experiment on the basis of a 4-pole fruit-bearing crop rotation, the influence of processing methods with different levels of mechanical impact on the soil was studied: dump (plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm), combined (alternating plowing, plane-cutting processing (to a depth of 10–12 cm), without processing) and plane-cutting processing on the content of organic matter and the structural and aggregate composition of meadow-chernozem soil. It was found that a decrease in the intensity and depth of tillage with a combined and flat-cut system increased the humus content by 0.30 and 0.48% in a layer of 0–20 cm in comparison with dump treatment. The tillage system had a significant impact on the layer-by-layer distribution of labile organic matter in the form of mortmass. The largest stocks of mortmass in the arable layer were noted in the variant of the dump tillage system – 8.69 t/ha. On resource-saving backgrounds, a tendency to decrease the stocks of mortmass in the soil by 0.08–0.69 t/ha was revealed. The contribution of agronomically valuable structural units of 0.25–10 mm in size was 43.1–65.4 in layers, and the yield of large lumps and dust was 34.6–56.9% of the soil mass. The best structural condition of the soil is marked when using a dump treatment system. The presence of a close correlation between the stocks of mortmass in the soil layer of 0–20 cm and the content of structural-aggregate fractions with a size of 10–5 mm (r = 0.72 ± 0.11) and 5–3 mm (r = 0.68 ± 0.10) was established.
Effectiveness of the Use of Vermicompost Larvae of the Black Lion Fly (Hermetia illucens) when Germinating Seeds of Leguminous Crops
Authors: Bashtovenko K. A. , Loskutov S. I. , Ryabukhin D. S.
Published: April 2024

The most promising and popular insect in the field of organic waste processing is the black lion fly (Hermetia illucens), whose larvae are unpretentious in food and growing conditions. As a feed, most types of organic waste are suitable for them, which, after being digested by the larva, are enriched with various nutrients and microorganisms useful for the growth and development of plants. Larval excrement is a valuable and environmentally friendly organic fertilizer (biohumus) for growing plants. In order to test the effectiveness of the effect of biohumus of black lion larvae on the process of seed germination in laboratory conditions, liquid extracts of biohumus were obtained by extraction with distilled water and compounds of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7). The most effective extraction method turned out to be the method of treatment with alkali and sodium pyrophosphate, in which the most concentrated extract with a concentration of 2.44% was obtained. All types of extracts of vermicompost have been biotested for germination of seeds of seed peas (Pisum sativum L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Compared with the indicators of the control variants with distilled water, all extracts of vermicompost had a stimulating effect on seed germination, accelerating their growth and development. The highest rates were observed in solutions of alkaline pyrophosphate extract with a pH value of 6.7–6.8 at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05%.
Aqueous Suspension of Porous SiO2 Nanoparticles, Containing 9,10-diphenylanthracene, in Agrophotonics
Authors: Gareev B. M. , Sharipov G. L. , Lastochkina O. V.
Published: April 2024

An aqueous colloidal suspension of porous silicon dioxide nanoparticles containing an organic phosphor 9,10-diphenylanthracene was obtained by ultrasonic dispersion. The average size of suspension nanoparticles is 15–25 nm. This suspension has a characteristic absorption spectrum for diphenylanthracene in the region from 345 to 420 nm and a photoluminescence spectrum in the region from 400 to 550 nm. The resulting suspension was used for irrigation when growing bulbous plants (lilies and gladiolus) under conditions of a short light period with additional lighting with LEDs-based phytolamps with red and blue spectra. It has been established that the use of this suspension with nanoparticles that enter plants as an artificial photosynthetic pigment accelerates the growth of bulbous plants by an average of 15–20% compared to control samples under the same lighting conditions.
Crop Yield and Balance of Nutrition Elements in the Grain-Steam Crop Rotation in the Conditions of the Dry Steppe of Buryatia
Authors: Biltuev A. S. , Budazhapov L.-Z. V. , Ulanov A. K.
Published: April 2024

In the field agrochemical experiment, the potential of crop productivity and the balance of nutrition elements in the grain–steam crop rotation with alternating crops of steam–wheat–oats–oats per grain crop under conditions of increased aridization of the climate of the dry-steppe zone of Buryatia were investigated. It was revealed that the main application of N40P40 for grain crops and N40P40K40 for fodder (oats for grain planting) was the most effective among the mineral options and equal in effect and aftereffect to the application of manure 40 t/ha and organo-mineral fertilizer manure 10 t/ha + N50P25K60. A deficiency-free nitrogen balance was obtained when manure was applied at a dose of 11 t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of the recommended dose of mineral nitrogen fertilizers of 30 kg/ha did not compensate for nitrogen losses, its deficit was 12 kg/ha per year. A positive phosphorus balance was obtained when applying phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of 33 kg/ha, as well as the effects and aftereffects of manure 11 t/ha. The potash regime of soils in the experiment was the most deficient, the use of potash fertilizers (30 kg/ha of arable crop rotation), organic and organo-mineral fertilizers could not compensate for the loss of potassium in crop rotation.
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under No-Tillage in the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Ivashchenko K. V. , Sushko S. V. , Dvornikov Yu. A. , Mirny L. A. , Orlova L. V. , Ananyeva N. D. , Neprimerova S. V. , Yudina A. V. , Trots N. M.
Published: April 2024

The introduction of resource-saving technologies into the practice of agriculture is one of the approaches to preserving soil fertility and increasing the reserves of organic carbon (Сorg). One of such technologies is zero tillage, which has been actively used all over the world since the middle of the twentieth century. However, there is still insufficient information about the effectiveness of this technology for the accumulation and preservation of Сorg in the agro-soils of our country. The paper estimates the rate of accumulation of Сorg by agrochernozems with zero tillage in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. On the territory of agricultural farms (Pokhvistnevsky district of the Samara region), 2 agricultural fields with 5- and 8-year zero tillage (88 and 161 hа, respectively) and a field with non-fallow plowing (42 hа) were selected. 30 study points were selected in each field, from which soil samples of the upper (0–10 cm) and lower (10–30 cm) layers of humus-accumulative and partially illuvial horizons were selected. The paper presents the main physic-chemical parameters of the soil and calculated the reserves of Сorg. A significant increase in sorghum reserves in the upper soil layer was shown at 5- and 8-year zero tillage (on average by 0.57 and 0.45 kg/m2) compared with those during plowing, but no significant differences were found for the lower layer. The total sorghum reserves for the 0–30 cm soil layer at zero tillage increased by 0.61 and 0.34 kg/m2 relative to those during plowing. Consequently, as a result of the application of zero processing, the rate of accumulation of Сorg reserves in the agrochernozems of the Middle Volga region can reach 1.22 and 0.43 t/ha per year, which is 1.3–41 times more than the recommended program “4 ppm” for agricultural lands of our country (from 0.03 to 0.33 t/ha per year).
Improvement of the Technology of Aapplication of Biological Preparations for Plant Protection
Authors: Lysov A. K. , Kornilov T. V. , Krasnobaeva I. L.
Published: April 2024

The issues of improving the quality of application of fungal and bacterial biological products when applying the flow rates of working fluid up to 20 l/ha are considered. Along with the traditional methodology for assessing the quality of applying the working fluid of biological products to the treated surface, a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of applying biological products was also used, which consisted in selecting a certain area of the potato leaf surface by plant tiers 1 day after processing to determine the viability of fungal and bacterial preparations with low-volume (LV) and ultra-low-volume (ULV) technologies spraying. It is shown that when applying the technology of spraying up to 10 l/ha, despite the high coating density, the cells of microorganisms fall on the leaf surface with an insufficient amount of liquid for their active reproduction on the treated surface. In addition, at low humidity, due to the rapid evaporation of droplets from the surface of the treated leaves, microorganisms do not multiply and are carried away by the wind when drying. The conducted research tests of the use of the mushroom biological preparation Trichocin at a consumption rate of 20 l/ha on test objects (potato plants of the Galla and Riviera varieties) using especially pure glycerin and the moisture-retaining food additive sorbitol as antiparators showed that their use ensured the viability of the cells of the biological product and the high rate of their reproduction on the treated surface due to moisture retention.
Potash State of the Soil and Crop Productivity when Applying Mineral Fertilizers and Plant Residues
Authors: Nazariuk V. M. , Kalimullina F. R.
Published: April 2024

In micro-field experiments conducted on gray forest soil, changes in the forms of potassium under the influence of mineral fertilizers and plant residues were studied. It is shown that the soil potassium contained in a water-soluble and easily exchangeable form varied widely. In the conditions of 2012, when applying K60 on the background of nitrogen and phosphorus, the content of water–soluble potassium increased by about 2 times compared with the control, and the content of light-exchange potassium increased by 4 times. In the case of embedding plant residues in the soil, the potassium content in the water–soluble form increased by 2 times, light-exchange – by 2.5 times, respectively. The content of exchangeable potassium changed little in the variants, the changes affected the non-exchangeable form to a greater extent. In particular, the content of non-exchangeable potassium in 2018 decreased by 1.5–2.0 times compared to 2012, which required the creation of a more reliable basis for obtaining objective information about the state of the potash fund of the soils of the forest-steppe zone. Under the influence of K-fertilizers in combination with plant residues, plant productivity stabilized, and at the same time a positive balance of potassium in the soil was formed.
Fertility and Phytosanitary Qualities of Promising Raw Materials for the Formation of Artificial Soil Mixs
Authors: Sviridova L. L. , Sevostyanov M. A. , Grishina E. V. , Sviridov A. A. , Polyakov D. D.
Published: April 2024

The use of artificial soil mixtures programmed for each specific type of plants and conditions of the agricultural production process will significantly increase the yield of crops grown in greenhouse plants. The variants of the formed artificial soil mixtures have been studied, their compliance with the optimal set of fertile components has been verified. In the future, the studied soil mixtures are able to fill the deficit of a fertile soil resource, especially in closed ground conditions.
Star Anise Extract as a Plant Growth Regulator
Authors: Taranenko V. V. , Dmitrieva I. G. , Muravyov V. S.
Published: April 2024

Currently, much attention is being paid to reducing the use of chemical plant protection products and increasing the use of natural growth stimulators. Plant extracts are an inexhaustible source for the search for new biologically active substances (BAS). Extracts have ecological purity, in the production of which liquid carbon dioxide – CO2-extracts are used as a solvent. The purpose of the study was to study the growth-regulating properties of the CO2-extract of star anise. In the three-year period 2020–2022 field small-scale experiments were carried out on plants of winter wheat of the Bezostaya 100 variety, corn of the Krasnodar 191 AMV variety, soybeans of the Arlet variety and rice of the Favorit variety. The use of CO2-extract of star anise contributed to obtaining a reliable and significant increase in the yield of all these crops. The yield of winter wheat increased by 10.4, corn – by 9.8, soybeans – by 16.8, rice – by 7.4% (average data for 3 years). The positive effect of the extract of the bucket on the formation and development of plant organs that determined the structure of the crop yield was noted, the quality of grain increased. On the example of winter wheat plants, an increase in photosynthetic activity under the influence of a growth regulator has been established.
Effect of Sulfonylureas Residues on the Lupine and Vigna Seedlings Development during Biotesting Research on Sod-Podzolic Soil
Authors: Zhelezova S. V. , Kolupaeva V. N. , Stepanova E. V. , Melnikov A. V. , Voronov M. A. , Stepanova A. E. , Veller V. E.
Published: April 2024

In a series of consecutive vegetation experiments on biotesting on samples of sod-podzolic cultivated soil after its treatment with herbicides from the class of sulfonylureas: Magnum, VDG, metsulfuron-methyl 600 g/kg, manufactured by August and Alistair Grand, MD, diflufenican 180 g/l + mesosulfuronmethyl 6.0 g/l, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium 4.5 g/l + mephenpyrdiethyl 27 g/l (antidote), manufactured by Bayer. The residual phytotoxicity of these preparations for seedlings of sensitive cultures of white lupin (Lupinus albus) and masha (Vigna radiata) was studied. The initial soil samples were taken in the field on the 5th day after herbicides were applied in the field in winter wheat crops using 2 different tillage technologies: traditional on the basis of dump plowing and zero tillage. According to the results of biotesting samples at a temperature of 20°C and humidity at the level of 60% soil moisture capacity, it was shown that the half-life of herbicides (DT50) was reached after 40 ± 3 days of incubation, and detoxification to the level of 70–80% occurred 200–240 days after the introduction of herbicides into the soil. Regardless of the method of tillage and the applied herbicide, 2 years after the application of herbicides, the suppression of test crops at the level of  10% of the control was detected. White lupin and mash are highly sensitive to the effects of micro-quantities of herbicides of the sulfonylurea group, therefore it is recommended to use these test cultures to determine the residual phytotoxicity of the soil. The manifestation of the aftereffect of sulfonylureas on legumes is shown, which is important even in specialized crop rotations designed for zero tillage.
Methods for Investigations the Biologically Active Forms of Si in Soil, Plants and Agrochemicals
Authors: Bocharnikova Е. А. , Matichenkov V. V.
Published: April 2024

A set of methods for determining the active forms of silicon – monomers and polymers of silicic acid – in the soil–plant system is described in order to assess the silicon state of soils, the level of plant availability of silicon, as well as to assess the potential effectiveness of solid silicon-containing compounds as a source of bioavailable silicon. The parameter “active silicon” proposed to characterize the availability of bioavailable silicon in soils includes actual silicon, i.e. the content of monosilicon acid present in the soil solution at the moment, and “potential silicon” – monosilicon acid, which can pass into the soil solution from the solid phase. Based on the “active silicon” parameter, a classification of soils has been developed depending on the level of bioactive silicon deficiency.
Silicon-Based Materials in Agriculture
Authors: Bocharnikova Е. А. , Matichenkov V. V. , Matichenkov I. V.
Published: April 2024

The more than 200-year history of studying the role and functions of silicon in the soil–plant system is shown. The main directions of research on silicon are given, including the study of the effect of silicon preparations on the mobility of heavy metals and on the resistance of plants to climatic changes. The silicon-mediated mechanisms of detoxification of cadmium-contaminated soils and reduction of cadmium accumulation by plants are generalized. There are 3 groups of silicon agrochemicals: silicon-containing soil meliorants, silicon fertilizers and biostimulators. The principles of the effect of these groups of agrochemicals on the soil–plant system are described.
Effect of Active Si on Phosphate State in Sod-Podzolic Soils
Authors: Bocharnikova Е. А. , Matichenkov V. V. , Pirogovskaya G. V.
Published: April 2024

Samples of the upper horizon of sod-podzolic virgin and arable soil were incubated with lime or superphosphate, then amorphous silicon dioxide was introduced in doses from 50 to 5000 kg/ha and incubated again for 2 weeks. The content of water-soluble and acid-soluble forms of silicon in soils was determined and the fractional composition of phosphorus compounds was analyzed. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of monosilicon acid in the soil solution of sod-podzolic soil initiated the processes of transformation of phosphorus compounds, leading to a decrease in the proportion of insoluble forms of phosphorus and an increase in the phosphorus content available to plants. The introduction of lime or phosphorus fertilizer contributed to the strengthening of these transformational processes, which is important for the development of recommendations for the practical application of silicon fertilizers and the reduction of doses of phosphorus fertilizers.
Si-Based Biostimulators
Authors: Grankina А. О.
Published: April 2024

Biostimulants are a new type of agrochemicals that are highly effective when applying low doses (up to 10 kg/ha). The interest in the use of biostimulants is confirmed by the appearance of not only scientific papers, but also the formation in various countries of legislative bases regulating the use and classification of this type of substances in agriculture. Thanks to the influence of silicon-containing compounds as biostimulators of plant growth, several tasks of modern agriculture can be comprehensively solved: to minimize the effects of stress factors, to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizer doses, to improve the quality of products, to stop soil degradation. The range of global manufacturers of silicon biostimulants is represented by liquid (monosilicon acid) or solid (amorphous silica or silica gel) forms. There are several silicon-mediated mechanisms that provide plant protection in conditions of biotic and abiotic stress. There is a hypothesis of the influence of silicon on the signaling system of plants, which requires additional research.
Influence of Long-Term Use of Mineral Fertilizers on Weed Infestation of Grain-Grass-Rowed Crop Rotation
Authors: Shpanev A. M. , Smuk V. V. , Fesenko M. A.
Published: April 2024

In a long-term study in a long-term stationary experiment, it was revealed that the effect of mineral fertilizers extended to the quantitative composition and structure of the contamination of fields of grain-grass crop rotation, but not to the species composition of weed vegetation. Under the influence of mineral fertilizers, the height and weight of weeds increased, but their number decreased during the period of co-growth with cultivated plants during the growing season (by 12.0–22.6%). In the absence of a pronounced competitiveness of cultivated plants in the non-maneuverable version of the experiment, the weeds from the spring period to the harvest increased by 47%. The contamination of fields with perennial dicotyledonous weed species and their relative abundance in fertilized variants decreased by 2.4–3.6 times, and with small-year dicotyledonous species increased by 1.3–1.4 times. White marjoram and pickles turned out to be responsive to the application of mineral fertilizers, while field thorice and wild radish mainly grew in an untreated version, where the acidity of the soil had higher indicators.
On the Question of the Primordial Helium Abundance by the RRL Observations in Orion A
Authors: Tsivilev A. P. , Krasnov V. V.
Published: April 2024

Radio recombination lines comprise a powerful tool for studying the interstellar medium. One of the important tasks is to measure the primordial abundance of helium formed during the primordial nucleosynthesis of the Universe, which, in turn, allows us to verify the conclusions of the Standard Cosmological Model. The Orion A nebula is an interesting object for studying this problem. Previously, we found that, in this HII region, the region of ionized helium is smaller than the region of ionized hydrogen. Therefore, the actual helium abundance, n(He)/n(H), is not less than the maximum measured value of y+ = n(He+)/n(H+). This makes it possible to obtain restrictions on the primordial helium abundance. This article presents new observations of radio recombination lines in Orion A at a wavelength of 13 mm. It was found that the maximum value of y+ is in the range 10.03–11.55%. Therefore, it can be expected that the primordial helium abundance (Yp, He/H mass ratio) can be not less than ≈24.93–29.40%, which allows deviations from the conclusions of the Standard Model; for instance, it allows the presence of unknown light particles during primordial nucleosynthesis. Observations of doubly ionized helium in Orion A and the planetary nebula NGC 7027 were also made. It was found that the contribution of doubly ionized helium, y++ = n(He++)/n(H+), is 7 × 10–4 in Orion A and 2.7(±1.3)% for NGC 7027. Estimates of the electron temperature are also made. In particular, for NGC7027, it was found that Тe ≈ 11 900–12 300 K, which is higher than for the HII regions.
On the Possibility of Observing Nitric Oxide on Terrestrial Exoplanets Using the WSO-UV Observatory
Authors: Tsurikov G. N. , Bisikalo D. V.
Published: April 2024

It is generally believed that the presence of a N2−O2-dominant atmosphere is an indication of biological and geological activity on terrestrial exoplanets that are in the habitable region. One of indicators of such an atmosphere is the nitric oxide (NO) molecule. It is known from satellite observations of the Earth’s atmosphere that the brightest nitric oxide band in the ultraviolet range is the γ band (203–248 nm). Space telescopes such as the existing HST and the upcoming WSO-UV can observe in this spectral range. The paper presents estimates of the luminosity of various exoplanets in the NO γ band. It has been established that the detection of NO emission in the γ band in the atmospheres of typical terrestrial exoplanets is possible using the spectrographs of the WSO-UV observatory within a reasonable observational time (5 WSO-UV orbits or 120 observation hours).
GAIA Arguments for and against a Hypothetical Sun Companion
Authors: Malkov O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The hypothesis that the Sun is a component of a binary star system has been around for about a hundred years. Assumptions about the nature of the companion continue to be published as new observational data become available. The paper shows that the results of the work of the Gaia space observatory impose certain restrictions on the nature and location of the companion. The fact that the companion is not registered by the observatory leaves the following marginal possibilities: a cool brown dwarf (Y3 and later) in an orbit inside the Oort cloud, or an L/T brown dwarf in a higher orbit (from a≈ 105 AU). At the same time, the companion is quite likely cataloged in the 2MASS and WISE surveys. We also provided estimates for the absolute G-magnitudes of brown dwarfs of late spectral types.
Search for Solar Sources of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Using the Reverse Model of Magnetodynamic Interaction of the Solar Wind in the Heliosphere
Authors: Rodkin D. G. , Slemzin V. A. , Shugay Yu. S.
Published: April 2024

In the development and testing of methods for predicting interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), it is important to establish their relationship with sources on the Sun—coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by coronagraphs. The often used inverse ballistic calculation of the CME onset time does not consider variations in the CME speed when moving through the heliosphere and can give an uncertainty up to a day. With a good accuracy (on the order of ±10 h), the propagation of CMEs in the heliosphere from the Sun to the Earth is described by the model of the magnetodynamic interaction of CMEs with the background solar wind (drag-based model, DBM). In this paper, we propose to search for possible coronal sources of ICMEs, observed near the Earth, using the reverse model of magnetodynamic interaction (reverse DBM, RDBM), which reconstructs in the reverse course the probable propagation of CMEs in the heliosphere and determines their outflow parameters in the solar corona using the measured ICME parameters. The model uses the speed of the background solar wind, which is calculated from the area of coronal holes in the central part of the Sun and presented on the website of the Space Monitoring Data Center of the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), with correction factors.
Modeling of Absorption in the Hα Line for the Exoplanet WASP-52b
Authors: Sharipov S. S. , Miroshnichenko I. B. , Shaikhislamov I. F.
Published: April 2024

The results of modeling the Hα absorption spectrum of the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP‑52b are presented. The atmosphere was modeled with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic code. Several different values of the XUV ionizing radiation were considered. The Lyα-photon transfer in the atmosphere was simulated by the Monte Carlo method. Spatial distributions of the volume density of hydrogen atoms excited to the second energy level H(2) were obtained, and absorption spectra in the Hα line were calculated. It was also shown that absorption takes place in a layer with a thickness of about 1.5 times the planetary radius, while the greatest influence on absorption is exerted by Lyα photons produced due to recombination of electrons and protons.
Dependences of Characteristics of Bulges on the Mass of the Central Black Hole and Theoretical Aspects of Their Origin
Authors: Botirov F. U. , Nuritdinov S. N. , Ashurov A. E.
Published: April 2024

To study the influence of the central black hole on the formation of the bulge of spiral galaxies, we analyzed the relationship between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and the parameters of their bulges. Unlike other authors, we consider only spiral galaxies. In this paper, we present empirical formulas derived from observations of 54 spiral galaxies, establishing connections between the mass of the central black hole (MBH), the bulge stellar mass (Mbulge), and the velocity dispersion (σ) of stars in it. A non-linear non-stationary disk model with an anisotropic velocity diagram is constructed. Within this model, the instabilities of individual perturbation modes are studied. The increments of instability are calculated depending on the physical parameters of the model. These values are compared across three perturbation modes. The paper is partly based on the report presented at the conference “Modern Stellar Astronomy-2022,” held at the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University, on November 8–10, 2022.
The Catalog of Resolved Spectroscopic Binaries: Development and Description
Authors: Zeleke D. B. , Pakhomova P. V. , Tessema S. B. , Negu S. Kh. , Malkov O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Resolved spectroscopic binaries are unique among other types of binaries. They provide the only possibility (aside from trigonometric parallaxes) to accurately determine distances to objects, which is one of the most important characteristics in astronomy. Such binaries are not numerous, but an exhaustive catalog of them still does not exist. The authors have developed a pilot version of a new catalog of resolved spectroscopic binaries. It contains information about orbital elements, component masses, parallaxes, and other parameters for 107 stars. Thus, the catalog represents the most extensive list of resolved spectroscopic binaries known to date. A preliminary analysis of the distributions of the stellar parameters of the objects in the catalog has been carried out, as well as a comparison of the trigonometric parallaxes from Gaia DR3 with the orbital parallaxes. The article is partly based on a report presented at the conference “Modern Stellar Astronomy-2022,” which was held at the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of the Astronomical institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University on November 8–10, 2022.
Investigation of the Effect of the Errors of Limb Darkening Coefficients on the Geometric Parameters of a Binary System with an Exoplanet
Authors: Abubekerov M. K. , Gostev N. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Based on the observed light curves of Kepler-5, Kepler-6, Kepler-7, HD 209458, a search was made for the geometric parameters of a binary system with an exoplanet for different values of the limb darkening coefficients of the parent star. It is shown that for the observed light curves with relative accuracy 10−4−10−5, an error by a factor of several times in the value of the limb darkening coefficient does not significantly affect the values of the planet radius, stellar radius, and orbital inclination.
Corotating Disturbances of the Solar Wind in the Monitoring Data of Interplanetary Scintillations: Simulation and Observation
Authors: Lukmanov V. R. , Chashei I. V. , Tyul’bashev S. A. , Subaev I. A.
Published: April 2024

A simple model has been proposed for the leading part of an interaction region between solar wind streams of different speeds. The model describes an increased plasma concentration as a spiral jet with a rectangular cross-section. Using this model, two-dimensional dynamic maps of interplanetary scintillation level distribution were calculated, which were specifically adapted to the configuration of the BSA LPI radio telescope. The model calculations were compared with the data from a series of observations of interplanetary scintillation during four geomagnetic storms in 2022 and 2023, caused by corotating disturbances. The calculations and observational data exhibit a qualitative correspondence. It has been shown that corotating disturbances manifest as scintillation enhancement three days before a geomagnetic storm, occurring at around 15:00–16:00 Moscow time. Over the next two days, the scintillation enhancement zone shifts to a later time, while there is no enhancement in the morning sector. During the actual geomagnetic storm period, there is an increase in night scintillations. This sequence of scintillation enhancement indicates that the disturbance approaches Earth from the eastern side while rotating with the Sun. The qualitative differences between the observational data for corotating and propagating large-scale disturbances are discussed.
Detection of Two New RRATs at 111 MHz
Authors: Samodurov V. A. , Tyul’bashev S. A. , Toropov M. O. , Dolgushev A. V. , Oreshko V. V. , Logvinenko S. V.
Published: April 2024

At the LPA LPI radio telescope, a search was conducted for pulse signals in a specific area with declinations +52°δ+55°. The processing involved ten months of observations recorded in six frequency channels, each with a channel width of 415 kHz and a total bandwidth of 2.5 MHz. The analysis of the data revealed 22 000 events, exhibiting a pronounced dispersion delay of signals over the frequency channels, which are indicative of pulsar pulses. These pulses were found to belong to four known pulsars and two new rotating radio transients (RRAT). Additional pulse search was carried out in 32-channel data with a channel width of 78 kHz. This led to the discovery of 8 pulses for the transient J0249+52 and 7 pulses for the transient J0744+55. No periodic emission of transients was detected. The analysis of the observations indicates a high probability that the identified RRATs are pulsars with nullings, where the fraction of nullings is greater than 99.9%.
ASTRONOMICAL AND COSMOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE LIFE ORIGIN PROBLEM
Authors: Marov M. Ya.
Published: April 2024

The fundamental properties of a known form of life are briefly considered, including the fundamental ideas about the chemical evolution of matter and the properties of living matter, which are based on biogeochemistry and molecular biology. The concepts underlying the modern understanding of the origin of life based on chemical and biological evolution are discussed. The basics of astrobiology and the intriguing problem of the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence and the search for life in the Universe are briefly touched upon.
ACTIVITY CYCLES OF SINGLE G5 III-IV GIANT HD 199178
Authors: Savanov I. S. , Tarasenkov A. N. , Samus N. N. , Dmitrienko E. S.
Published: April 2024

A unique series of photometric data has been obtained for a period of more than a hundred years for the rapidly rotating single G5 III–IV giant HD 199178 (V1794 Cyg) belonging to the group of stars of the FK Com type. Our analysis of the long-term periodicity of the activity of this star is based on all available measurements of its brightness in B filter. To assess the brightness of HD 199178 in the era preceding photoelectric and CCD observations measurements were made using photographic plates from the archive of the SAI MSU at the Krasnopresnenskaya Observatory of Moscow State University in Moscow (4 plates taken from 1898 to 1903 and 41 plates obtained from 1935 to 1958). As a result, a total of 2142 estimates of the brightness of the star in the B filter were considered . They have a unique duration of 118.3 years and cover the time interval from 1898 to July 2016. Evidence of the existence of long-term cycles of photometric variability with values of the order of 25–60 years has been found. It is assumed that there are possible activity cycles of 2000, 3165, 5050, 9000 and 21600 days (5.5, 8.7, 16.6, 24.7 and 59.2 years). The results obtained are compared with other estimates of activity cycles of HD 199178. The existence of a cycle of 8.7–9 years should be recognized as the most reliable. It is found that to combine data into a single array the conversion of values B into values V using the average value of the color index (\(B{\kern 1pt} - {\kern 1pt} V\)) is not possible due to changes (including cyclical) of (\(B{\kern 1pt} - {\kern 1pt} V\)) with time.
EXTREMELY WIDE PAIRS IN THE WORLD OF BINARY STARS
Authors: Dremova G. N. , Dremov V. V. , Tutukov A. V.
Published: April 2024

This article raises the question of the possibility of identifying stellar pairs, one of the components of which belongs to the family of near-nuclear central S-stars, and the other belongs to a population of hypervelocity stars (HVS). In the recent past, they could be genetically related in one parent binary star, and today its components are separated by hundreds or more parsecs as a result of dynamic capture of a binary star by the field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Of interest is the mutual reconstruction of populations of S-stars and HVS calculated within the framework of the classical Hills scenario, based on the principle of supplementing their observational data. The paper is based on a talk presented at the astrophysical memorial seminar “Novelties in Understanding the Evolution of Binary Stars”, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Professor M.A. Svechnikov.
CONFIRMATION OF THE NEW EVOLUTIONARY STATUS OF UU CAS
Authors: Gorda S. Yu.
Published: April 2024

We present results of a new spectroscopic study of a close binary system with massive components UU Cas based on the spectra obtained with the echelle spectrometer on the 1.2m telescope of the UrFU Kourovka Astronomical Observatory from 2017 to 2022. The results of this study confirm the new evolutionary status of UU Cas previously determined by the author with the spectrophotometry of this system in 2017 and confirmed in a number of works by other researchers. According to these studies, the system is in the final stage of the mass exchange process, but not at its beginning, as previously thought. The components of UU Cas are not very massive, and the ratio of their masses is opposite to a ratio determined earlier from the results of photometry. The parameters of the binary system were obtained on the more extensive observational material. This new parameters differ only slightly from those obtained earlier by the author. The half-amplitudes of the radial velocities are \({{K}_{1}} = 195.6\) km s–1, \({{K}_{2}} = 106.5\) km s–1. The masses of the components are \({{M}_{1}} = 9.6\;{{M}_{ \odot }}\), \({{M}_{2}} = 17.6\;{{M}_{ \odot }}\) for the orbital inclination i = 74.5°. The orbital radius of this close binary is \(A = 54.2\;{{R}_{ \odot }}\). The paper is based on a talk presented at the astrophysical memorial seminar “Novelties in Understanding the Evolution of Binary Stars”, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Professor M.A. Svechnikov.
THE ROLE OF MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION IN THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL BE-STARS
Authors: Staritsin E. I.
Published: April 2024

At the stage of mass exchange in the binary system, the meridional circulation brings to the surface of the star up to two-thirds of the angular momentum that entered the star along with the accreted matter. As a result, an increase in the mass and angular momentum of the star due to accretion becomes possible. After the accretion ends, the star has a rotation typical of fast-rotating Be stars. It is assumed that the angular momentum carried by the meridional circulation to the surface of the star from the accreted matter is removed from the star by the accretion disk. The paper is based on a talk presented at the astrophysical memorial seminar “Novelties in Understanding the Evolution of Binary Stars”, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Professor M.A. Svechnikov.
KINETIC MODEL OF THE STELLAR WIND FORCING ON THE EXTENDED HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE OF THE EXOPLANEt π Men c
Authors: Avtaeva A. A. , Shematovich V. I.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, an extension of the kinetic model of the aeronomy of the upper atmosphere of an exoplanet is performed by including the processes of the effect of stellar wind plasma on the extended hydrogen corona of a hot sub-neptune. For this purpose, previously developed kinetic Monte Carlo models were used to study the precipitation of protons and hydrogen atoms with high energies into planetary atmospheres. The kinetic model is adapted to the upper atmospheres of hot sub-neptunes, which made it possible to calculate the rate of absorption of stellar wind plasma energy in the planetary corona and to refine estimates of the non-thermal loss rate of the atmosphere due to the influence of the stellar wind. The calculations carried out for the hot sub-neptune π Men c showed that the energy of a flux of energetic neutral hydrogen atoms (ENA H) penetrating the atmosphere, formed during the charge exchange of stellar wind protons with thermal hydrogen corona atoms, mainly goes to heating the hydrogen corona of a hot exoplanet.
OBSERVATIONS OF THE FAST RADIO BURST FRB 20220912A ON THE BSA FIAN AND FAST RADIO TELESCOPES
Authors: Fedorova V. A. , Rodin A. E. , Zhang Zhi-Bin , Dong Xiao-Fei , Li Xiu-Juan , Li Di , Wang Pei , Zhang Jun-Shuo , Huang Yong-Feng , Xu Fan
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the result of the search for pulses from the fast radio burst FRB 20220912A on the antenna of the BSA FIAN at a frequency of 111 MHz during the period of activity in October-November 2022. As a result of observations, pulses were recorded on October 18, 30 and November 12 with a dispersion measure of \((220 \pm 10)\) pc/cm3 and a peak flux density of 626 Jy, 354 Jy, and 203 Jy, respectively. The registration of the FRB 20220912A radio burst on the FAST radio telescope on October 28 in the frequency range of 1–1.5 GHz is also reported. The data at other frequencies are analyzed, the dependence of the pulse width on the frequency \({{t}_{s}} \sim {{f}^{{ - 2}}}\) is obtained.
MODERN STELLAR ASTRONOMY – 2022
Authors: Malkov O. Yu. , Zhukov A. O. , Dluzhnevskaya O. B.
Published: April 2024

We provide an analytic review of problems of the modern stellar astronomy. It mostly based on talks presented at the twelfth annual conference on Modern Stellar Astronomy, held in Caucasian Mountain Observatory of Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Kislovodsk, Russia) in November 2022.