bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHEAT QUALITY EVALUATION. 2. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PREDICTION TESTS
Authors: FOWLER D. B. , ROCHE I. A. DE LA
Published: March 2010

A study of the relationships among 29 different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernel and flour measurements indicated that only 3 (kernel hardness, protein quantity and rate of dough development) were necessary to provide the basic information required for estimation of the bread and (or) pastry quality potential of a cultivar. Further, information on wheat quality contained in the remainder of the measurements could be interpreted as functions of these three basic factors.
HURON WINTER BARLEY
Authors: REINBERGS E.
Published: March 2010

not available
HYBRID RUGOSA ROSE CV. JENS MUNK
Authors: SVEJDA FELICITAS
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND SEEDING RATE ON RAPESEED
Authors: KONDRA Z. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
WATER RELATIONS IN WHEAT LEAVES AS SCREENING TESTS FOR DROUGHT RESISTANCE
Authors: DEDIO W.
Published: March 2010

Relative saturation deficit, water content and water retention ability of wheat leaves were investigated as possible tests for drought resistance. The drought tolerant Pitic 62 showed the lowest relative saturation deficit at low soil moisture stress but not at high soil moisture stress. Water content was highest in Pitic 62 throughout the soil moisture range. Analysis of individual plants from a population of Pitic 62 and ACEF-125 and their hybrid showed a greater differential between the genotypes for water content than for relative saturation deficit. Selection was effective for water content but not for relative saturation deficit. Water retention ability after a 24-h drying period varied considerably among the five cultivars examined, with Pitic 62 and Pelissier being the best water retainers. Position of leaf and stage of maturity affected water retention ability. Pitic 62 appeared to contribute the dominant genes for water retention ability and water content in a hybrid from a cross with ACEF-125.
POSTSEEDLING RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO STEM RUST
Authors: PAUW R. M. DE , BUCHANNON K. W.
Published: March 2010

The seedling and postseedling reactions of five cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. to eight races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn. were compared under Kenya growing conditions. The seedling and postseedling reactions of Florence Aurore to eight races of stem rust were similar. The cultivars Hope, Africa Mayo, Kenya Page, and Conley differed from Florence Aurore in that seedlings of these cultivars were susceptible to several races, whereas postseedlings expressed a degree of resistance to these same races. Postseedling resistance may be identical with horizontal resistance. The stage of growth during which resistance became effective was determined by inoculating each cultivar at various stages of growth. The reaction class of Hope and Africa Mayo changed from susceptible to moderately susceptible between the fourth- and the fifth-leaf stage to races EA4(295) and EA8(40); the reaction class of Kenya Page and Conley changed from susceptible to moderately resistant to both races at about the third-leaf stage. The stage of growth during which resistance became expressed was independent of the test race.
EFFECTS OF ISOLATION DISTANCE AND BORDER REMOVAL ON CONTAMINATION IN RED CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: PANKIW P.
Published: March 2010

A recessive white-flowered strain of the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivar LaSalle was used as a marker to study the effects of various isolation distances and border removal on contamination of small plots. The clover was pollinated primarily by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and to a minor degree by Bombus spp. When bloom on the contaminant area was equal to bloom on the marker plots, the contamination of contiguous (0–183 m), 50 m, 100 m, 183 m and 274 m was 5.0, 4.4, 3.4, 2.5 and 2.6%, respectively. When contaminant bloom was four times as great as bloom on marker plots, contamination was twice as high. Contamination was considerably higher in the perimeter of the plots, with a gradual decrease towards the center of the plots. It is suggested that the present isolation distance of 183 m, with a minimum of contaminant bloom in the area, be retained for the smaller acreages of foundation seed, but that for larger fields as occurs with certified seed production, border removal in lieu of isolation distance may be a practical alternative.
INTERACTIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON SPRING DE-ACCLIMATION OF FLOWER BUDS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: BITTENBENDER H. C. , HOWELL G. S.
Published: March 2010

Increasing either storage temperature or water content decreased bud hardiness of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium australe Small) flower buds. The hardening effect of reduced water content was dependent upon storage temperature. Dehardening due to increased moisture content appears to be via a different mechanism than that due to high temperature.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND STALK POSITION ON CERTAIN CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE TOBACCO GENOTYPES
Authors: SIMS J. L. , SHEEN S. J. , GRUNWALD C. , ATKINSON W. O.
Published: March 2010

Burley 21 (B21), low-alkaloid Burley 21 (LA B21), and low-polyphenol Burley 21 (LP B21) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars were grown in the field at Lexington, Kentucky, under differing rates of N fertilization. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of N fertilizer and genotype on principal N fractions of leaves, and on certain physical leaf characteristics. Concentrations of total alkaloids, individual alkaloids, total N, nitrate N, and total volatile nitrogenous bases were markedly lower for LA B21 than LP B21 or B21. In contrast, protein N was greatest in LA B21. Leaves of LA B21 were darker, thicker, held fire longer, and had greater specific volume than LP B21 or B21 leaves. Generally, all nitrogenous constituents of leaves from all cultivars increased as rate of N fertilization increased, and concentrations of most constituents, except nitrate, increased with ascending leaf position on the stalk. However, N rate × cultivar interactions for total alkaloids, protein N, and color indicated that N rate influenced total alkaloid concentration to a greater extent, and protein concentration and color to a lesser extent, in B21 than in other cultivars.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF SOYBEAN PODS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES COMPARED TO LEAVES
Authors: ANDREWS A. K. , SVEC L. V.
Published: March 2010

Soybean (Glycine max (L). Merr. cv. Wye) pods at different growth stages (from 25 to 50 mm long) showed gas exchange in both light and dark. Oxygen (O2) production in the light did not exceed O2 consumption in the dark, indicating photosynthetic activity in the pod to be limited. On a fresh weight basis, leaves photosynthesized 6.3–7.4 times more actively than pods. However, on a chlorophyll basis, the pods had 1.5–1.8 times greater photosynthetic activity than the leaves. Leaves had 9.2–12.4 times greater chlorophyll concentration than pods. Scanning electron micrographs of pods indicated that stomates were present at early stages of growth, were open, and were probably functional in the intact tissue.
GAZELLE SPRING RYE
Authors: SOSULSKI F. W. , CURRAN W. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
BELLEFONTAINE RHODODENDRON
Authors: CRAIG D. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
REVISED GROWTH-STAGE KEY FOR BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS AND B. NAPUS
Authors: HARPER F. R. , BERKENKAMP B.
Published: March 2010

not available
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOILS AND UPTAKE BY TOBACCO PLANTS
Authors: TOWNSEND L. R. , SPECHT H. B.
Published: March 2010

Studies were conducted in 1972 with four organophesphorus insecticides, chlorpyrifos (Dursban®), leptophos (Phosvel®), methidathion (Supracide®) and N-2596 and in 1973 with chlorpyrifos, leptophos and methidathion and one organochlorine, heptachlor, to determine their residues in soils and tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) plants. In 1972, all organophosphorous pesticides were detected in the soil 3 mo after application, but none was detected in cured tobacco leaves. In 1973, ca. 68% of the leptophos applied in June was found in the soil in September, whereas only 20% of the chlorpyrifos and 2% of the methidathion was detected. Heptachlor was persistent in the soil and its conversion product, heptachlor epoxide, was detected in the soil in September but not in June. Gamma chlordane, an impurity in technical heptachlor, was also detected in the soil. In non-cured tobacco, chlorpyrifos and leptophos were detected in sand leaves but not in mid or top leaves. Methidathion was not found. Heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and γ-chlordane were found in sand, mid and top leaves.
ANNUAL FORAGES SEEDING RATES AND MIXTURES FOR CENTRAL ALBERTA
Authors: WALTON P. D.
Published: March 2010

The three cereal crops oats (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were tested for forage yields alone and in combinations with each other as well as in combinations with peas (Pisum sativum L.), soybeans (Glycine max. L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.) at three sites and in 3 yr. A range of seeding rates and crop combinations was used. While high yields of forage were obtained from these annual crops, the most favorable yields would not justify the additional expense of cultivation and establishment when compared with perennial forage yields over the same 3-yr period. Oats gave the best yields where seasons were longer and rainfall higher whereas barley gave the highest yields in areas with a drier, shorter season. Higher seeding rates improved yields and reduced fibre contents for all crops over the range tested. This increase was not, however, substantial and with the possible exception of oats, high seed rates would not be economical. The presence of a non-cereal in the mixture always reduced yield, but peas in a mixture with oats gave an increased yield of crude protein per hectare. Where a mixture of a cereal with a non-cereal was used, peas with oats yielded more than rape with oats, while rape with barley yielded more than peas with barley. Seeding the cereal and the non-cereal in alternate rows reduced yields for all the crop combinations tested. Yields were increased by delaying the harvest date beyond the time when the grain was in the dough stage.
EMERGENCE, SEEDLING GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET CORN AFTER PREGERMINATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Authors: GUBBELS G. H.
Published: March 2010

Germination of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) on moist filter paper or submerged in distilled water or hydrogen peroxide solutions was compared at different temperatures. Subsequent growth in soil was evaluated. Seedling growth from seed pregerminated on moist paper was superior to that from seed pregerminated while submerged in either water or H2O2 solutions. Overnight pregermination on moist paper at 32 C, which corresponded to the first emergence of the radicles, followed by planting in the field, generally resulted in hastened emergence, higher percentage emergence, and increased seedling green weights; however, there was no consistent hastening of maturity or increase in kernel yield in plots thinned to equal stands. Pregermination would probably be most useful with weak seed.
PICLORAM FOR THE CONTROL OF LEAFY SPURGE
Authors: BOWES GARRY , MOLBERG E. S.
Published: March 2010

The application of 2.2 kg/ha of picloram provided adequate control of Euphorbia esula L. for 3–5 yr after the treatment year. However, regardless of whether the chemical was applied in 1965, 1966, or 1967, it became ineffective by 1971. While it appeared that the chemical disappeared during the 12-mo period prior to the summer of 1971, this could not be related to the movement of the herbicide by precipitation. Control of E. esula when picloram was applied alone was as effective as when a similar rate of picloram was included in mixtures with B2O3 and 2,4-D.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 13. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Authors: MOORE R. J.
Published: March 2010

This contribution on Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Canada thistle (Compositae) is part of a series which presents biological information on plants that are weedy in Canada. Canada thistle is a serious weed of agricultural land of all types and is one of the most serious weeds of temperate regions. Introduced from Europe in the 17th century, it now occurs in all provinces of Canada.
STOMATAL FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION IN RAPE
Authors: MAJOR D. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
ANGUS ALFALFA
Authors: BAENZIGER H.
Published: March 2010

not available
GERMINATION OF SORGHUM BICOLOR UNDER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED STRESS
Authors: SAINT-CLAIR P. M.
Published: March 2010

A germination study drawn from a research program on drought tolerance of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was conducted with seeds exposed to six concentrations of polyethylene glycol ranging from 0 to 12% in weight. Eleven cultivars of this crop — M35-1, CE-90, 69-4, NK300, G393, C-42Y, Meloland, RS610, NB9776K, X4027 and RS626 — were involved. The plant material was kept in the dark and at a temperature of 28 C during 18 h. Increasing the concentration of the chemical resulted in poorer germination along with marked differences among the cultivars. CE-90, 69-4, RS626, NK300 and C-42Y showed better germination performance at the highest stress level than the other cultivars.
EFFECTS OF PLANT POPULATION ON FORAGE CORN YIELDS AND MATURITY ON PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Authors: WHITE R. P.
Published: March 2010

Plant population effects on yield and maturity were measured on forage corn over 4 yr at Charlottetown, P.E.I. Populations ranged from 39,000 to 80,000 plants/ha and had relatively little effect on forage yields. Yields varied from 4,887 kg/ha to 15,289 kg/ha, but the variation was mostly related to seasonal effects. Whole plant percentage dry matter contents, though in the low 20’s, were typical for the area and were essentially unaffected by population. The percentage dry matter in the grain tended to decrease at the higher population, but only significantly so in 2 yr (P = 0.1). High population retarded silking dates. In the 3 yr that tissue nutrient concentrations were measured, increasing population had little effect on total nutrient uptake but significantly reduced whole plant nutrient concentrations in 1 yr (P = 0.05). Under the climatic conditions of the Atlantic area, field stands of 50,000–80,000 plants/ha appear suitable for forage corn.
LIGHT-INDUCED EFFECTS ON EARLY INFECTION WITH CARNATION MOTTLE VIRUS
Authors: KEMP W. G.
Published: March 2010

Exposure of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, and Dianthus barbatus to light before and/or after mechanical inoculation with carnation mottle virus exerted marked effects on virus establishment, multiplication and host symptom response. A preinoculation dark treatment promoted large numbers of local lesions when coupled with a subsequent postinoculation light period. A preinoculation light treatment reduced the number of lesions even with a postinoculation light period. Continuous darkness during virus incubation prevented or delayed the appearance of lesions. Continuous darkness also depressed the amount of serologically detectable virus in inoculated leaves of D. barbatus and the virus was either confined to the inoculated leaves or its translocation to uninoculated leaves was delayed.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 16. Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.
Authors: HALL IVAN V. , AALDERS LEWIS E. , EVERETT C. FRED
Published: March 2010

Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult., sweet-fern (Myricaceae), is a weed of pastures, Jack-pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands, and lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx.) fields of Eastern Canada. It is particularly prevalent on light sandy gleysolic and luvisolic soils from Nova Scotia in the east to the Ontario–Manitoba border in the central portion of Canada. The pruning of shoots by cutting or burning merely stimulates growth of dormant buds on the rhizome. Reproduction is also by seeds that are produced on bur-like inflorescences. Fortunately, this species is quite susceptible to several herbicides such as 2,4–D, dicamba and picloram.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE INHERITANCE OF NON-SHATTERING HABIT IN WILD RICE
Authors: WOODS D. L. , CLARK K. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF ROW WIDTH AND MANEB FUNGICIDE TREATMENT ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND GRAIN YIELDS OF CEREALS
Authors: CLARK R. V.
Published: March 2010

Growing cereals in rows spaced 35.6 and 53.3 cm apart resulted in significantly reduced seed yields of approximately 30% and no improvement in lodging resistance compared with rows spaced 17.8 cm apart. However, the application of maneb fungicide to the foliage on a regular basis significantly increased seed yields of oats (Avena sativa L.) and considerably increased those of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), when compared with unsprayed plants at the same row width. Spraying with maneb increased seed yields of the three cereals by 18, 40, and 30% at row spacings of 17.8, 35.6, and 53.3 cm, respectively, but maximum yields were obtained at the 17.8-cm row spacing. The maneb fungicide controlled most diseases, eliminated lodging, and greatly improved straw and seed quality.
STEM MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY IN ZEA MAYS AS INFLUENCED BY CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERDLITY AND RESTORER GENES
Authors: SARVELLA PATRICIA , GROGAN C. O.
Published: March 2010

The stem morphology of three versions (normal, male-sterile, and restored) of five lines of corn (Zea mays L.) was examined. Corn stems in both the male-sterile (Texas cytoplasm) and restored versions of line Mp466 were shorter than the normal version. Stem diameters were less in the male-sterile version in two of the five lines examined. Histological examination of the three versions in line CI21 showed that vascular bundle radial diameters in cross sections were less in the male-sterile tassel culms than the normal. Reduction in the amount of phloem appeared to be the cause. Cells in longitudinal sections appeared to be about the same length in all versions, or shorter in the normal; therefore, shortening of the male-sterile stems apparently results from a reduction in cell number.
CHOOSING THE BEST PARENTS FOR A BREEDING PROGRAM FROM AMONG EIGHT OAT CULTIVARS CROSSED IN DIALLEL
Authors: SAMPSON D. R.
Published: March 2010

Twenty-eight oat hybrids from a diallel cross of eight parents were evaluated using field-grown F2 (1970) and F3 (1971) bulks at competitive spacing and with different exposures to moisture stress. These were compared with irrigated, space-planted F1’s. Short, stout straw was negatively correlated with grain yield. Correlations of 1,000-kernel weight and panicle number with other traits changed sharply from year to year. General combining ability (GCA) effects showed that Astro, Clintford and Purdue 6316 were outstanding parents for desirable stem type, as were Gemini and Clintford for 1,000-kernel weight and Gemini, Kelsey and Marino for yield. Index selection among the progenies using four traits gave largely contradictory results for the 2 yr, but GCA effects of the index values point to Astro and Clintford as the best all-round parents. Data from F1 spaced plants in an optimum environment were useful for predicting field responses in the year when no moisture stress occurred during grain filling, but not in the year with such stress. Midparent values for grain yield were highly correlated with progenies’ yields only in the year with no moisture stress during grain filling.
GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS JUNCEUS)
Authors: LAWRENCE T.
Published: March 2010

Progenies from a five-genotype diallel cross in Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for F1 seed weight and a number of seedling and adult plant characters. Variation in F1 seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Of the seedling characters, days to emerge, rate of leaf appearance, rate of tiller appearance, and seedling dry matter yield, only days to emerge showed additive variance which is amenable to direct selection. The other three characters could be most easily exploited by a recurrent selection program. The adult plant characters, date of inflorescence appearance, P content of the forage, and organic matter digestibility indicated strong additive control which is amenable to direct selection. Dry matter yield and seed yield also showed strong additive control which was accompanied by specific combining ability and weak maternal effects suggesting good progress should be possible by direct selection methods but crossing the selections in a diallel fashion prior to formation of synthetics might be desirable. The seedling characters, rate of leaf and tiller appearance and seedling dry matter yield were interrelated and associated with adult plant yield, thus offering the possibility of screening seedlings for these characters in a recurrent selection program for improved forage or seed yield.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS. 17. Cyperus esculentus L.
Authors: MULLIGAN GERALD A. , JUNKINS BONNY E.
Published: March 2010

This account of Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow nut sedge) summarizes biological information on this species as part of a series of contributions on plants that are weedy in Canada. Yellow nut sedge is weedy in cultivated fields of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, southern Quebec and southern Ontario and has only become a prominent weed in Canada during the last two decades.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE COLD TOLERANCE OF SOYBEAN SEEDLINGS
Authors: LITTLEJOHNS D. A. , TANNER J. W.
Published: March 2010

Emergence experiments were conducted on 32 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars at a 2.5-cm depth in Guelph loam soil at 10, 20 and 30 C. Differences in emergence were found among cultivars at 10 C but not at 20 and 30 C. Results of the emergence experiment at 10 C permitted classification of cultivars into cold tolerant, intermediate and intolerant groupings. There was no close relationship between maturity group and degree of cold tolerance. Differences in speed of germination were found among cultivars at 10 C. A correlation coefficient (r = +0.616) between germination and emergence indicates that germination at 10 C would be effective in the selection of cold tolerant types. Growth analysis studies on seedlings up to the unifoliolate leaf stage showed that cold tolerant cultivars had a higher fresh weight at a specific age at 10 C. This was attributed to the faster emergence of the cold tolerant cultivars.
AFTER-RIPENING IN FALL RYE
Authors: PAUW R.M. DE
Published: March 2010

not available
SINTON HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Authors: HURD E. A. , PATTERSON L. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
A SYSTEM FOR SEGREGATING CANADIAN WHEAT INTO SUBGRADES OF GUARANTEED PROTEIN CONTENT
Authors: DUNNE WILLIAM , ANDERSON J. ANSEL
Published: March 2010

The Canadian Grain Commission decided to introduce segregation of the top grade of Canadian wheat into three subgrades aiming at guaranteed protein levels for export of 14.5, 13.5%, etc., or 14.0, 13.0%, etc. Primary samples taken on loading carlots at country elevators were mailed to central laboratories for single Kjeldahl determinations and results were made available at terminal elevators when carlots were unloaded. Monitoring was undertaken with official samples taken during unloading. Computer studies were made with paired primary and unload data for 9,800 carlots unloaded at six Pacific terminals over 12 wk. Sequential segregation from the top of the distribution showed that two subgrades at required levels could be obtained by adjusting minimum boundaries for each subgrade, and a third more variable residual subgrade also seemed satisfactory; but to obtain maximum uniformity of means for subgrades required that boundaries be adjusted (1) as the mean and distribution of the main grade (1 C.W.) changed from week to week, and (2) from terminal to terminal, irrespective of whether cars were pooled or distributed by company of origin. In accordance with regression theory, unload subgrade means were lower than corresponding primary means when segregation was undertaken above the 1 C.W. mean. Floating station means for earlier shipments could be substituted for missing primary samples with some loss of precision; complete substitution permitted segregation of only two subgrades. For controlling shipments from country points, there are 48 Blocks with 5–10 Train Runs in each. Both the 1 C.W. mean and the distribution for terminal unloads could be changed by directing shipments from selected Train Runs or Blocks, but this might cause segregation problems. As the 1 C.W. mean changes, segregation boundaries must be adjusted and amounts of subgrades changed substantially. For each system, segregation at even or half percentage levels, the boundaries and amounts for subgrades repeat themselves, one percentage unit lower for each one percentage unit drop in the 1 C.W. mean. These studies indicated that the proposed system would prove practicable. The Commission introduced it forthwith, using guaranteed levels of 15.0, 14.0%, etc. at Thunder Bay, and of 14.5, 13.5%, etc. at Vancouver.
FIELD PERFORMANCE OF DOUBLED HAPLOID BARLEY LINES IN COMPARISON WITH LINES DEVELOPED BY THE PEDIGREE AND SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHODS
Authors: PARK S. J. , WALSH E. J. , REINBERGS E. , SONG L. S. P. , KASHA K. J.
Published: March 2010

The performance of 52 doubled haploid (DH) lines from two barley crosses was compared with lines developed by the pedigree (PD) and the single seed descent (SSD) methods. The comparison was made in hill plot tests over a 2-yr period at two locations. There was no difference in grain yield, heading date and plant height between the DH populations and the populations derived by the other two breeding methods. Similar means and ranges, genetic variances and frequencies of desirable genotypes were obtained in the populations produced by the three breeding methods for grain yield, heading date and plant height. The mean grain yields of superior lines were similar for all three methods. There was no indication of deleterious effect of complete homozygosity in the DH lines. In the two crosses examined, the materials generated by the DH method were as good agronomically as those produced by the PD or SSD methods. It was concluded that the doubled haploid technique is a very useful tool for producing high yielding homozygous barley lines in a relatively short time.
PERFORMANCE OF CROSSES BETWEEN STANDARD-HEIGHT AND SEMIDWARF SPRING WHEATS
Authors: McNEAL F. H. , SMITH E. P. , BERG M. A. , BALDRIDGE D. E.
Published: March 2010

Three semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were each crossed to three standard-height cultivars, and bulk F2 and F3 generations of each cross were compared with parents in the field at two locations. Yield component and grain yield data of parents vs. bulks were evaluated to determine whether a relationship existed between bulk and parent populations. Yield component data did not consistently relate to grain yield in either bulks or parents. However, correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.81 suggested a strong yield relationship between standard-height parents vs. their bulks and semidwarf parents vs. their bulks, respectively. We conclude that the average performance of the parents generally predicted the average performance of the F2 and F3 bulks for culm number, kernel weight, and grain yield. Heterosis was indicated for spikelets per head in crosses with P.I. 295619. There were no differences between semidwarf and standard-height cultivars in ability to impart yield component and grain yield potential to their offspring.
KENNEBEC POTATO YIELD RESPONSE TO DELAYED PARAQUAT APPLICATION
Authors: IVANY J. A.
Published: March 2010

Comparison of three times of application of paraquat which were (a) at ground crack, (b) when 30–50% of shoots had emerged with earliest emerged 5 cm tall, and (c) after 100% of shoots had emerged and most were 7.5 cm tall showed that delaying application did not result in significant (P = 0.05) yield reductions of Kennebec cultivar potatoes. Successively later application, however, did result in a trend to lower yields as application was delayed, and caution should be used in delaying application beyond the recommended time of application.
PYTHIUM SPP. ASSOCIATED WITH ROOT DIEBACK OF CARROT IN ONTARIO
Authors: KALU N. N. , SUTTON J. C. , VAARTAJA O.
Published: March 2010

Pythium spp. were isolated from roots of carrots with symptoms of root dieback, other muck crops, and weeds collected at the Holland–Bradford Marsh in Ontario. The isolates were identified and their pathogenicity to cultivars of carrot and other crop plants was examined. P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, P. sulcatum, P. torulosum, P. intermedium, P. afertile and an undescribed species designated Pythium sp. NNK1 were recovered from carrot roots. Of these, only isolates of P. sulcatum, Pythium sp. NNK1, and P. irregulare produced severe root dieback when inoculated to carrots. P. sulcatum and Pythiúm sp. NNK1 produced severe symptoms not only in cultivars with known susceptibility to root dieback, but also in those with field tolerance. Pythium spp. found in carrots, except P. sulcatum, P. torulosum, and P. afertile, occurred in several other crop and weed hosts. Control measures for root dieback and the erratic distribution of the disease are discussed.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 18. Potentilla recta L., P. norvegica L., and P. argentea L.
Authors: WERNER PATRICIA A. , SOULE JUDITH D.
Published: March 2010

Original research and information from other studies are incorporated into a summary of the biology of weedy species of Potentilla found in Canada: P. recta L. (sulphur cinquefoil, an introduced perennial), P. norvegica L. (rough cinquefoil, an annual, biennial, or rarely perennial), and P. argentea L. (silvery cinquefoil, a perennial).
EFFECTS OF HERBICIDE RATES AND TIME OF APPLICATION ON THE CONTROL OF TANSY RAGWORT IN PASTURES
Authors: BLACK W. N.
Published: March 2010

The ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] at 1.1 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha failed to control tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) in the late-rosette, bud, and flowering stages of development. Sprays of 2,4-D ester at 2.2 kg/ha were more effective than when applied at 1.1 kg/ha, but repeated treatments were necessary for optimum tansy ragwort control. Comparative dosage levels of the esters of 2,4-D and of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] showed 2,4-D giving better control of tansy ragwort when applied at equivalent rates. Control of relatively immature tansy ragwort plants with 2,4-D was not significantly different at the 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 kg/ha levels, but injury to grasses and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) increased at the higher rates. The ester of 2,4-DB at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha effectively controlled seedling and early-rosette tansy ragwort plants only. The quantity of water applied as a spray was critical since the frond-type leaves which fold over one another prevented thorough wetting of the entire foliage with spray volumes under 275 liters/ha. Data obtained over a 4-yr period showed that CMPP (±) 2-[(4-chloro-1-tolyl) oxy) propionic acid], CP 1815 (chlorinated benzoic and cresoxy-acetic acids), 2,3,6-TBA (dimethylamine salt of 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid), 2,4-D acid [weedone 638, emulsifiable concentrate-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid], and fenoprop [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid] were as effective as the ester of 2,4-D for tansy ragwort control but caused more injury to components of the sward.
MONTHLY PRECIPITATION PROBABILITY MAPS FOR THE GROWING SEASON IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: SANDERSON MARIE
Published: March 2010

Although climate is often defined as "average weather," and most climatic maps show average conditions, there is also a need for maps showing the probabilities of various climatic events. Southern Ontario is an important agricultural area, and precipitation during the growing season an important climatic parameter. The present study examines and maps precipitation probabilities during this season in Southern Ontario. Monthly precipitation is first shown to have a normal distribution. Thus the standard deviation can be used to obtain the area under the curve that expresses the top 10% of the distribution, and also the lower 10% of the distribution. Pairs of maps are drawn for each month; one showing the precipitation amounts not exceeded in 9 yr in 10, the other showing the areas where "precipitation will not be less than" the amounts shown in 9 yr in 10. Such maps provide useful information for the agriculturist and the applied geographer as well as the layman.
INFLUENCE DU DALAPON ET DES ELEMENTS N, P, K SUR LA GERMINATION ET LE DEBUT DE LA CROISSANCE DE TROIS LEGUMINEUSES FOURRAGERES (LOTUS CORNICULATUS, MEDICAGO SATIVA ET TRIFOLIUM REPENS)
Authors: GENEST JEAN , DIONNE J. L.
Published: March 2010

Germination tests were conducted with alfalfa, ladino clover and birdsfoot trefoil in order to determine the effects of dalapon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the germination of the three legumes. Seeds were germinated on wet blotting paper. The herbicide, N, P and K were used at the following rates: dalapon, 0 and 5 kg/ha active ingredient; N, 0. 20, 40 kg/ha; P, 0, 17.5, 35 kg/ha; K, 0, 16.5 and 33 kg/ha. In a second experiment, the herbicide and chemical fertilizers, used at the same rates as in the first experiment, were mixed with seeds and seeded on a Coaticook silt loam under greenhouse conditions in order to measure their effects on the establishment and growth of the legumes. In the Petri dishes, phosphorus had the greatest effect. Phosphorus reduced germination by 97%, nitrogen by 71%, potassium by 65% and dalapon by 26%. Germination of alfalfa was less affected by the treatments than the germination of the other two legumes. Under greenhouse conditions, where legumes were grown in soils, the effects of treatments were less deleterious than on wet blotting paper. Number of alfalfa and ladino clover plants per pot was reduced and the yields were decreased by 37 and 54%, respectively, for the two legumes. Dry matter yields of alfalfa were increased by phosphorus mixed with nitrogen. Potassium decreased the number of legume plants per pot. Number of nodules on the legume roots was also reduced by potassium application.
DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES FOR GRASSY WEED CONTROL IN RAPESEED
Authors: CHOW P. N. P.
Published: March 2010

Five substituted dinitroaniline herbicides applied as preplanting soil incorporation treatments were evaluated in six field experiments in 1971, 1973, and 1974 for controlling green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.), and for tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). In these experiments, A-820 (N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroapiline) had the least activity, while dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) had the greatest activity, and in some tests injured germinating rapeseed, resulting in thinned stands and reduced yield. The activity of fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoro-methyl) aniline] and profluralin [N(cyclopropyl-methyl)-α,α,α-trifluro-2, 6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] was slightly weaker than that of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). All these herbicides gave good control of green foxtail and wild oats. In 1971, due to low populations of green foxtail, good weed control did not give rapeseed yield increases. In 1973, under normal climatic conditions, rapeseed yields were increased significantly when the application of dinitramine, fluchloralin, profluralin, and trifluralin controlled green foxtail and wild oats successfully. In 1974, under drought conditions, good weed control from four dinitroanilines and triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] was not reflected in significant yield increases although profluralin gave a significant yield increase in one test. Disc soil incorporation (7.5–10 cm deep) of dinitramine and trifluralin gave slightly better weed control and higher, though not significant, yield increases than harrow soil incorporation (2.5–5 cm deep).
LAURIER BARLEY
Authors: KLINCK H. R. , GAUTHIER F. M. , ST-PIERRE C. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF SPRING-COLLECTED WINTER WHEATS AND A WINTER RYE
Authors: GUSTA L. V. , FOWLER D. B.
Published: March 2010

Crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) collected early in the spring readily dehardened upon exposure to 15 C. After 6 days at 15 C, the crowns of both species were completely dehardened. Partially dehardened crowns were unable to reharden upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions and continued to lose hardiness when stored at − 2.5 C. There was a positive correlation between level of dehardening and crown moisture content. However, this relationship began to break down when attempts were made to reharden partially dehardened plants.
GROWTH RETARDANTS FOR CONTROL OF LODGING IN FLAX
Authors: GUBBELS G. H.
Published: March 2010

Redwood 65 and Linott flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in the field with and without added nitrogen to evaluate the use of growth retardants in reducing lodging. BAS 0660W (N-dimethylmorpholiniumchloride) at 0.21 and 0.63 kg/ha, chlormequat [(2- chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] at 4.2 and 8.4 kg/ha, and ancymidol (α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) at 1.05 and 3.15 kg/ha reduced plant height but failed to reduce lodging or increase seed yield when applied at 1,044 liters/ha. Two years of tests with SADH (succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide) at 4.2 and 8.4 kg/ha also resulted in no benefits. A third year of testing with SADH, applied early, late and early + late, resulted in reduced duration of flowering, delayed maturity, reduced height and marginally increased lodging, but no effect on seed yield. Number of capsules per plant was increased, but this was offset by a decrease in number of seeds per capsule.
ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MALTING QUALITY IN BARLEY BREEDING
Authors: BENDELOW V. M.
Published: March 2010

A procedure that provides information on the suitability of barley for malting and, brewing purposes is described. Three parameters are measured: mash filtration rate, wort viscosity and wort-reducing sugar content, as maltose. Maltose is determined by an auto-analyzer method and this is a satisfactory alternative to the specific gravity procedure for the estimation of percent extract. The addition of these criteria to those already in use enables more discriminatory selection at early generations of barley-breeding programs. The technique requires only one sample extraction and 18 g of laboratory malt.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN TISSUES OF CARAGANA SEEDLINGS AFTER FROST DAMAGE
Authors: ZALASKY HARRY
Published: March 2010

Severe freeze–thaw conditions occurred in the autumn and spring of 1968–72 at the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration Tree Nursery, Indian Head, Saskatchewan, coinciding with the cell maturation and cambial activity of 1-yr-old Caragana arborescens Lamb. seedlings. Frost cankers and girdling occurred at ground level. Damaged segments of the stem increased in radial diameter to form swelling which bridged the cankers after the second growing season. The tissues of these swellings consisted of branched, composite, and short vascular elements and abundant ray parenchymatous cells. Persistent basal swellings sprout buds and suckers and minimize chances of recovery and survival of 2-yr-old seedling transplants. Clustered suckers change the form of the tree.
SELECTION FOR OLEIC, LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACID CONTENT IN F2 POPULATIONS OF RAPE
Authors: KONDRA Z. P. , WILSON T. W.
Published: March 2010

Single plant selections for high, intermediate, and low oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil were made in the F2 generation of three crosses. The three parent strains produced seed oil practically free of eicosenoic and erucic acids and differed in oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid content. The F3 and F4 progeny were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Selection for low and high values of oleic and linoleic acid content was reasonably successful in two out of three crosses. Selection for extremes of linolenic acid content was unsuccessful in all three crosses. Regression analyses indicated high heritabilities for oleic and linoleic acids in two of three crosses but low heritabilities for linolenic acid in all three crosses. Correlations between oleic versus linoleic and oleic versus linolenic were negative and highly significant. Correlations between linoleic versus linolenic were of lower magnitude but positive and significant in all but two populations.
HARLON SOYBEANS
Authors: BUZZELL R. I. , ANDERSON L. J. , HAAS JERRY H.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SAINFOIN CULTIVARS TO THE NORTHERN ROOT KNOT NEMATODE
Authors: WILLIS C. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
A SIMPLE AND TIME-SAVING METHOD FOR SOWING ALFALFA IN POTS
Authors: LECHASSEUR PIERRE , PAQUIN ROGER
Published: March 2010

A simple technique was developed to provide rapid and even distribution of alfalfa seeds in pots, using accessories normally available in laboratories. With this technique, a single operator can perform in 10–15 min a job equivalent to 8 h with hand sowing.
EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF APPLE LEAVES
Authors: ROSS R. G. , WEBSTER D. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
FAIRFIELD BARLEY
Authors: WELLS S. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE SPAGHETTI-MAKMG QUALITY OF DEVELOPING DURUM WHEATS
Authors: DEXTER J. E. , MATSUO R. R.
Published: March 2010

The quality of spaghetti processed from two Canadian durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) and one Argentine durum wheat was evaluated in terms of flour characteristics at four stages of kernel development. Rapid changes in the nature of the flour components within each cultivar resulted in substantial improvement of spaghetti quality during development. Flour pigment levels decreased during development for all three cultivars which resulted in decreased spaghetti pigment levels. Flour brownness, which was related to spaghetti brownness decreased during development for all three cultivars. The brownness of the Argentine durum flour and spaghetti was much greater thaw that of the Canadian durums at al stages of development. Spaghetti cooking quality improved during development for all three durum wheats until the 6–10 days preripe stage. The cooking quality of spaghetti processed from 6–10 days preripe durum was essentially equal to the cooking quality of spaghetti prepared from the corresponding ripe durum. Solubility distributions of the flour proteins and gel filtration elution profiles of the flour proteins established a relationship between improved spaghetti cooking quality and an increased proportion of glutenins.
ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS ANGUSTUS) AND ALFALFA AS RATION COMPONENTS FOR LAMBS
Authors: KNIPFEL J. E. , HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

Diets containing Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.), or mixtures of these two forage crops were fed to 30-kg growing lambs in digestion stalls, with digestibilities of organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD), crude fibre (CFD) and energy (ED) determined following two total fecal collection periods of 8 days each. The same ratios of Altai wild rye:alfalfa were then fed in diets containing 20% barley. The protein content and the digestibility of protein was much higher in alfalfa than in Altai wild ryegrass, while the crude fibre fraction of Altai wild ryegrass was more digestible than that of alfalfa. Addition of 20% barley increased DCP and reduced DCF contents of the diets. Mixtures of the forage crops alone or with barley supplied DCP requirements of the growing lamb. DE contents of the two forage crops were similar and deficient for optimum performance of the growing lamb, although inclusion of 20% barley appeared to correct this deficiency according to chemical composition of the diets. Intakes of all diets fed were insufficient to allow optimum lamb performance, even though chemical analyses suggested that diets containing barley were adequate in DE content.
CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST FRUIT ROT OF STRAWBERRIES BY FIELD SPRAYS
Authors: FREEMAN JACK A. , PEPIN H. S.
Published: March 2010

The fungi causing postharvest fruit rot in strawberries vary with the weather during flowering and picking, with the cultivar and, increasingly, with the development of resistant strains. Consistent control is thus not possible with field sprays of the available fungicides. Carbendazim gave the best control of Botrytis. Captan and benomyl tended to be second best. All fungicides tested except thiabendazole, the least effective, gave almost comparable control. Captan reduced rot due to Rhizopus by 50% or more in 1970 and 1971, but was not effective in 1975. Captan gave the best control of Penicillium and was the only fungicide that controlled Alternaria. In general, considering all years of this trial, captan tended to be best for total postharvest rot control. Penicillium caused more than 50% of the postharvest rot in two picks in 1969 but only 4% in 1970 and less than 1% from 1971 to 1975. The cv. British Sovereign was more susceptible to Penicillium than cv. Agassiz. Rhizopus, which increased with high temperatures, was practically absent in 1969, 1972, 1973 and 1974, but was a major contributor of rot in 1970, 1971 and 1975. Powdery mildew was low most years but accounted for 25% of the rot in 1974.
RESPONSE OF CYCLAMEN PERSICUM CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT GROWING AND HOLDING TEMPERATURES
Authors: MOLNAR J. M. , WILLIAMS C. J.
Published: March 2010

The response of 14 cultivars of Cyclamen persicum (Mill.) to growing temperatures of 13 and 17 C, and four holding temperatures was evaluated. Results indicated that a growing temperature of 17 C significantly reduced the time from seeding to flowering of the cultivars studied. The effects of growing temperature on flower production and shelf life varied among the cultivars tested. The shelf life of the cvs. Rose of Aalsmeer, White Carmel Eye, Cattleya, Cardinal, Rose of Marienthal and Pearl of Zehlendorf was increased by growing them at the higher temperature. Shorter shelf life was associated with higher holding temperatures, but the amount by which shelf life was reduced varied among the cultivars. These findings are expected to have a beneficial effect on the future of cyclamen as a major pot plant.
EFFECTS OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC NITROGEN APPLIED THE YEAR PREVIOUS ON EARLY GREEN COLOR RETURN OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS
Authors: NELSON S. H.
Published: March 2010

Total N applied during the main summer fertilizing program influenced the early green color return of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) the following spring. Where inorganic N was the only source, there was a highly significant positive correlation between the total amount of N and the early green color return in the spring. The results were linear within the range tested (0.83–2.41 kg/100 m2 actual) and all treatments fell within the confidence limits. When two applications of organic N were used with one application of inorganic N, no trend was established within the range of 1.00–1.88 kg/100 m2. In these latter combinations, there was a response to varying amounts of inorganic N, but not with organic N. The high correlations and nature of the fit to the regression line would suggest a "luxury uptake" of inorganic N and overwinter storage by the turf grass similar to that reported in some woody plants. Since the plots receiving organic fertilizer went dormant early in the fall, such uptake is not likely and the early green color return would seem to be dependent on the bacterial release of N from the organic residues within the soil as the temperature increased.