bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Культивирование диатомовой водоросли Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus (Paulsen) Takano, 1968 — корма для личинок гигантской устрицы Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)
Authors: Ладыгина Л. В. , Пиркова А. В.
Published: July 2019

Исследовано влияние модифицированных питательных сред F/2 и Конвея на рост и накопление биомассы диатомовой водоросли Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus, входящей в состав корма при выращивании личинок гигантской устрицы Сrassostrea gigas в питомнике ФГБУН ИМБИ. Максимальные значения концентрации клеток и биомассы получены на модифицированной среде F/2 (11,22 × 106 кл.·мл-1 и 4,93 г·л-1 соответственно), что значительно выше, чем на среде Конвея. Ростовые показатели C. calcitrans f. pumilus зависели от соотношения неорганического азота и фосфора, а также от содержания кремния в питательных средах. Показано, что отношение N : P = 12,5 и концентрация кремния 24 мг·л-1 в модифицированной питательной среде F/2 являются приближёнными к оптимальным значениям для увеличения скорости роста этой диатомовой водоросли. Установлено влияние микроводоросли в концентрации 150 × 103 кл.·мл-1, культивируемой на разных питательных средах и входящей в состав корма личинкам гигантской устрицы, на темп их роста. Среднесуточный прирост личинок, в рацион которых входила водоросль, культивируемая на модифицированной питательной среде F/2, был выше, чем на среде Конвея.
О находках красной водоросли Gaillona rosea (Roth) Athanasiadis (Rhodophyta) в российской части Юго-Восточной Балтики
Authors: Володина А. А.
Published: July 2019

Приведены сведения о первых находках Gaillona rosea (Roth) Athanasiadis 2016:814 (Aglaothamnion roseum (Roth) Maggs & L’Hardy-Halos 1933:522) в российской части Юго-Восточной Балтики. Пробы водорослей в российской части Юго-Восточной Балтики вдоль побережья Калининградской области на глубинах 1–15 м отбирали на северном побережье Самбийского полуострова в районе м. Таран и м. Гвардейский на станциях, приуроченных к твёрдым грунтам. Первые образцы талломов G. rosea осенью 2015 г. собраны в плавающих матах многолетних водорослей Furcellaria lumbricalis и Polysiphonia fucoides, обнаруженных вдоль западного и северного побережья Самбийского полуострова (м. Таран) на глубинах 1,5–7 м. Для побережья Гданьского залива (западный берег Самбийского полуострова) находки вида в 2015 г. ― это первая регистрация. В июле 2016 г. вид обнаружен в пробах на м. Таран на глубине 0,5 м. Размеры талломов не превышают 3 см. Вид встречается с F. lumbricalis и P. fucoides как в прикреплённых сообществах, так и в дрейфующих матах. В Балтийском море G. rosea довольно распространён, за исключением Гданьского залива и самой северной части Балтики, характеризующейся низкой солёностью. В сопредельных литовских водах данные об обилии вида отсутствуют. Учитывая, что находки вида редки и в российской части ЮВБ, можно заключить, что G. rosea редок во всей Юго-Восточной Балтике.
Study on content and composition of trans-fatty acids in breast milk in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ruprich JIří , Bischofová Svatava , Hortová Kateřina , Kalivodová Martina , Měřínská Zuzana , Blahová Jitka , Dofková Marcela , Řehůřková Irena
Published: July 2019

The objective of the study was the analysis of mature breast milk (BM) of 69 participants in order to describe the content and composition of trans-fatty acids (TFA) in BM fat. Estimated dietary exposure to TFA in currently breastfeeding women and their children, or rather in the Czech population, is 3−4 times lower than more than a decade ago. While in 2002 and 2007 TFA measured in BM reached 4.2 and 3.1−3.8% out of the total BM fat content, respectively, nowadays it is only 0.9% on average. It was found that the WHO limits for trans-fatty acids (i.e. max. 1% of daily energy intake) were met in all participants. Average TFA intake in participants reached 0.3% of daily energy intake.
Soccer Players Detection Using GDLS Optimization and Spatial Bitwise Operation Filter
Authors: Wibawa Adhi Dharma , Rumaksari Atyanta Nika
Published: July 2019

Advancement computer vision technology in order to help coach creates strategy has been affecting the sport industry evolving very fast. Players movement patterns and other important behavioral activities regarding the tactics during playing the game are the most important data obtained in applying computer vision in Sport Industry. The basic technique for extracting those information during the game is player detection. Three fundamental challenges of computer vision in detecting objects are random object’s movement, noise and shadow. Background subtraction is an object’s detection method that used widely for separating moving object as foreground and non moving object as background. This paper proposed a method for removing shadow and unwanted noise by improving traditional background subtraction technique. First, we employed GDLS algorithm to optimize background-foreground separation. Then, we did filter shadows and crumbs-like object pixels by applying digital spatial filter which is created from implementation of digital arithmetic algorithm (bitwise operation). Finally, our experimental result demonstrated that our algorithm outperform conventional background subtraction algorithms. The experiments result proposed method has obtained 80.5% of F1-score with average 20 objects were detected out of 24 objects.
Sentiment Analysis of Cyberbullying on Instagram User Comments
Authors: Naf'an Muhammad Zidny , Bimantara Alhamda Adisoka , Larasati Afiatari , Risondang Ezar Mega , Nugraha Novanda Alim Setya
Published: July 2019

Instagram is a social media for sharing images, photos and videos. Instagram has many active users from various circles. In addition to sharing submissions, Instagram users can also give likes and comments to other users' posts. However, the comment feature is often misused, for example it is used for cyberbullying which includes one act against the law. But until now, Instagram still does not provide a feature to detect cyberbullying. Therefore, this study aims to create a system that can classify comments whether they contain elements of cyberbullying or not. The results of the classification will be used to detect cyberbullying comments. The algorithm used for classification is Naïve Bayes Classifier. Then for each comment will pass the preprocessing and feature extraction stages with the TF-IDF method. For evaluation and testing using the K-Fold Cross Validation method. The experiment is divided into two, namely using stemming and without stemming. The training data used is 455 data. The best experimental results obtained an accuracy of 84% both with stemming, and without stemming.
Da bonança à penúria: fechar ou não suas operações, o dilema da Petrobrás
Authors: Machado Monica Cristina Rovaris , Esteves Roger Vinicius Rosa , Alberton Anete , Marinho Sidnei Vieira
Published: July 2019

Este caso para ensino tem como objetivo discutir a situação da empresa Petrobras S.A. no porto de Rio Grande/RS, sob a ótica dos stakeholders. O caso fornece situações reais de pessoas envolvidas, direta e indiretamente, na cidade e como as decisões da empresa afetam o desenvolvimento da cidade. O caso pode contribuir para uma reflexão mais apurada sobre o desenvolvimento local sustentado e a necessidade de construir alternativas para as cidades brasileiras, além do comprometimento social responsável das organizações.
Distâncias e Relações entre Sociedade Civil e Poder Público Local: Atuação de duas Associações de Moradores em Lavras, MG
Authors: Andrade Luís Fernando Silva , Oliveira Maria de Lourdes Souza
Published: July 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo a compreensão da relação entre associações de moradores e o poder público local. Buscou-se a compreensão da atuação de duas associações em suas respectivas comunidades e como esta influencia sua organização e forma de se relacionar com outras associações, organizações da sociedade civil e o poder executivo local. Desse modo, os arcabouços teóricos foram a sociologia relacional e a Estrutura de Oportunidades Políticas. A pesquisa é descritiva e tem como instrumentos de coleta de dados entrevistas, análise documental e observação, valendo-se da análise temática para sua interpretação. Os resultados indicam uma pluralidade de interesses, bem como a utilização de estratégias que visam manter a continuidade das relações com o poder público local, mesmo que recorrendo a uma suposta neutralidade e excessivo apreço de ofícios, que denotam a manutenção das mesmas relações desde a fundação das associações.
Aplicação de um modelo para a análise de stakeholders: o caso da Secretaria de Turismo do Paraná
Authors: Amâncio-Vieira Saulo Fabiano , Kramer Costa Benny , Cintra Renato Fabiano , Lebbos Favoreto Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Pela Teoria dos Stakeholders, a organização deve satisfazer não apenas acionistas, mas aqueles a ela vinculados também. Essa ampliação de enfoque induz ao desenvolvimento de trabalhos em setores até então pouco explorados. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, propor um framework para análise dos stakeholders na relação mantida com organizações públicas. A proposta embasa-se no caso da Secretaria de Turismo do Paraná. Modelos conceituais construídos anteriormente são revisados. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de procedimentos qualitativos. O modelo apresenta uma perspectiva processual, que contempla as etapas: descrição do contexto institucional; identificação dos stakeholders; levantamento das suas características; verificação dos recursos disponíveis; análise da participação dos stakeholders; análise da perspectiva dos stakeholders; elaboração de plano de ação. Em relação aos modelos existentes, a proposta inova ao abranger o contexto institucional e mecanismos legais de legitimação da participação dos stakeholders e, diferentemente do usual, capta tanto a perspectiva da organização quanto a dos stakeholders.
Práticas de Governança Pública Adotadas pela Administração Pública Federal Brasileira
Authors: Pascoal Márcia Néa Oliveira , Oliveira Oderlene Vieira de
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar as práticas de governança pública adotada pelos órgãos da Administração Pública Federal Brasileira (APFB). Para tanto, fez-se uso de uma abordagem quantitativa, do tipo descritiva, viabilizada por meio de aplicação de técnica estatística descritiva sobre o banco de dados resultante da aplicação do questionário, aplicado em 372 órgãos da APFB. Dentre os resultados, cabe destacar a instituição de um conselho de administração em quase todos os órgãos, porém, as variáveis estudadas, que reflete a efetividade da administração destes conselhos, não são adotadas ou não atingiram um nível de maturidade que permita que o órgão realize a gestão, principalmente, de risco, ou ainda não identificaram a necessidade da adoção de melhores práticas de Governança na esfera pública. Portanto, concluiu-se que os órgãos públicos da APFB estão dando os primeiros passos na adoção de melhores práticas de governança corporativa, mas ainda tem muito a avançar.
Descentralização na Gestão das Águas: um Processo ainda em Construção?
Authors: Nunes Elizabet , Fadul Élvia , Cerqueira Lucas Santos
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho discute os fatores propulsores e restritivos que têm influenciado a viabilidade do modelo de gestão de recursos hídricos, aplicado ao comitê de bacia do Recôncavo Norte e Inhambupe, à luz da descentralização. Este estudo é exploratório-descritivo realizado mediante observação direta, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas, e análise qualitativa. A pesquisa demonstrou que a descentralização favorece a tomada de decisão, a democracia, as condições de governabilidade e governança do comitê. Contudo, a inexistência do plano, da agência de bacia e da cobrança pelo uso da água faz com que o comitê ainda tenha pouca autonomia e poder decisório.
TOUYE TE SOTI NAN, MEN MWEN ISIT LA! (VIM DE LONGE, MAS SOU DAQUI!)
Authors: Bueno Giovana , Manthey Nilvane Boehn , Ramos Flavio
Published: July 2019

A contratação de profissionais haitianos é um fato presente no setor da construção civil no Brasil. O presente caso de ensino retrata a estória de Clara, gestora de RH da Construtora Criati, empresa fictícia criada para ilustrar diversas situações do cotidiano de equipes de trabalho compostas por imigrantes haitianos. A inserção de profissionais haitianos na empresa Criati origina uma série de movimentos peculiares ao processo de adaptação das organizações e dos profissionais e culmina com o dilema do caso, estimulando a reflexão sobre a diversidade nas organizações. O enredo se baseou em situações reais fornecidas pelas entrevistas realizadas com gestores de quatro construtoras de médio e grande porte de Santa Catarina, dois membros do sindicato da construção civil e dois imigrantes haitianos. O objetivo é proporcionar ao aluno contato com situações reais de ambientes multiculturais.
Retrato da inadimplência dos beneficiários da Faixa 1 do “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”: análise da associação da inadimplência com variáveis socioeconômicas e de gerenciamento financeiro
Authors: Fraga Luana dos Santos , Vieira Kelmara Mendes
Published: July 2019

O estudo tem como objetivo verificar as razões do alto nível da inadimplência na Faixa 1 do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, fazer um retrato dos inadimplentes e analisar a associação entre a inadimplência e variáveis socioeconômicas e de gerenciamento financeiro. Para tanto foram realizadas entrevistas com 155 beneficiários e utilizada estatística descritiva e testes de hipóteses de associação entre variáveis. Verificou-se que os principais motivos da inadimplência são o uso do dinheiro em despesas inesperadas e atraso do boleto. Indivíduos solteiros, com até 41 anos, com dependentes, com dívidas em atraso, que gastam mais do que ganham, que não conseguem pagar todas as despesas e com o nome ligado ao cadastro negativo apresentaram maior associação com a inadimplência no Programa.
Valores Públicos e Contratação de Serviços Terceirizados: Desafios no Setor Público
Authors: Santos Natália Maria Leal , Andrade Daniela Meirelles , Lima Juvêncio Braga de
Published: July 2019

A terceirização é uma prática que se intensificou no setor público a partir da reforma do Estado. Diante da literatura percebeu-se que valores públicos podem ser perdidos quando a responsabilidade pela execução é transferida do empregador governo para uma empresa privada. Diante dessa problemática, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar editais, contratos e a prestação de serviços terceirizados em uma instituição pública federal localizada em Minas Gerais, investigando suas características quanto à aplicação dos princípios da administração pública (legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência). Para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa foi realizado um estudo de caso. Utilizou-se dados primários e secundários, os quais foram submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam que os valores públicos são perdidos e negligenciados.
Corrupção no Setor Público: Agenda de Pesquisa e Principais Debates a Partir da Literatura Internacional
Authors: Souza Fábio Jacinto Barreto , Midlej e Silva Suylan de Almeida , Gomes Adalmir de Oliveira
Published: July 2019

A corrupção no setor público está presente em todos os países do mundo, desde os países desenvolvidos até os mais pobres. Entender como esse fenômeno ocorre em diferentes países é fundamental para o surgimento de mecanismos efetivos de combate à corrupção e o fortalecimento da democracia. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou responder a seguinte questão: Como o tema da corrupção na Administração Pública vem sendo debatido na literatura internacional?  Para isso utilizou-se análise de conteúdo e revisão sistemática da literatura. Ao todo foram analisadas 211 produções internacionais entre artigos teóricos e empíricos que tratam da corrupção em 141 países do mundo. Os resultados apontam para um campo de estudo em crescimento, com uma diversidade de métodos e técnicas de pesquisa divididos entre estudos qualitativos e quantitativos. Os temas em destaque são as reformas contra a corrupção no mundo, as causas e consequências da corrupção e as formas de medir a corrupção. Ao final do artigo é oferecida uma agenda para estudos futuros em relação ao tema.
Produção Científica e Rede de Pesquisadores em Administração Pública no Brasil: uma investigação sobre a primeira década dos anos 2000
Authors: Corrêa Victor , Coelho Fernando de Souza , Trottmann Paula , Sarti Flávia Mori
Published: July 2019

Este artigo descreve e analisa os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a rede de produção científica em Administração Pública no Brasil no período de 2000-2010. Metodologicamente, foram coletados os dados dos principais eventos e periódicos nacionais que ampararam o campo do saber na última década. Como resultado, verificou-se o crescimento do volume da produção científica e do número de pesquisadores, o padrão de colaboração e a categorização do perfil dos autores, a identificação dos mais prolíficos, além da ilustração de rede de pesquisa e das medidas de propriedade. Esses índices permitiram tanto rediscutir alguns problemas históricos do campo, já levados a cabo por outros autores, como desvelar algumas características dessa comunidade acadêmica no presente, tais como: a persistência da falta de identidade e insuficiente delimitação do campo do saber, a hodierna dispersão e 'vale tudo' temático na produção científica e a existência de um rol de autores continuantes basAtante reduzido.
Mitos y evidencias en odontología sobre la gestación
Authors: Anyosa Calderón Yeniffer , Gamez Cabanillas Maggie , Jiménez Guillén Andrea , Fernández Quijandría Betty , Hashimoto Vargas Paola , Martinez Ccahuana Lizbeth , Pineda García Johanna , Perona-Miguel de Priego Guido
Published: July 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar información enfocada en mitos sobre la gestación y la salud oral. Las gestantes son consideradas un grupo prioritario de atención en salud, pero una de las barreras más importantes para que esta atención sea realizada son las creencias populares que trascienden de generación en generación. Entre estas, podemos encontrar algunos mitos como el que las mujeres embarazadas desarrollan un mayor número de lesiones cariosas, debido a que el ser en formación requiere mayor requerimiento de calcio. De igual forma, se acepta como un proceso normal durante la gestación que por cada hijo se pierde un diente. Así mismo, existe también la creencia que la atención odontológica causa daño al feto por el uso de anestésicos locales o medicamentos. Otro de los mitos más temidos es la toma de imágenes radiográficas durante la gestación y si el uso de amalgama en las restauraciones dentales es tóxica para el bebé.
Enfermedad periodontal asociada al embarazo
Authors: Cuya García Raisa , Flores Culqui Stephanie , Quinto Benalcázar Rossana , Chávez Raymi Aracelly , Párraga Navarro Miossotty , Tafur Vásquez Óscar
Published: July 2019

La gingivitis es la enfermedad más prevalente, pues afecta entre un 5% y un 70% de la población mundial, y puede incluso llegar hasta un 90%. En cambio, la enfermedad periodontal (EP) alcanza un promedio del 30% al 80%, y es más frecuente a partir del segundo trimestre de embarazo. En América Latina, afecta entre un 30% y un 40% de la población. Se estima que durante el embarazo hay un mayor riesgo a contraer enfermedad periodontal en una proporción de 1 de cada 5 mujeres. La enfermedad periodontal es una enfermedad inflamatoria que perjudica a los tejidos de soporte del diente (encía, cemento radicular, ligamento periodontal y hueso alveolar).
Se ha demostrado que existe una relación directa entre el agravamiento de la EP con el embarazo. Esto se debe a la variación hormonal que ocurre en este periodo, la cual promueve el crecimiento excesivo de microorganismos patógenos responsables de la inflamación gingival. Entre estos microorganismos patógenos encontramos a Prevotella intermedia y Porphyromonas gingivalis. Esta última, junto a Fusobacterium nucleatum, son capaces de atravesar la barrera placentaria y causar infecciones y resultados adversos en el embarazo, tales como parto prematuro, preeclampsia y muerte fetal.
Relación entre la presencia de cambios óseos de osteoartrosis del cóndilo mandibular e inclinación de la eminencia articular en pacientes clase II esquelética evaluados mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico
Authors: Pardo Juárez Víctor
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre la inclinación de la eminencia articular de pacientes clase II esquelética con signos de osteoartrosis, medidos con tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) en pacientes del Centro de Diagnóstico por Imágenes (CDI) en Lima, Perú, entre los años 2010 y 2014. Materiales y método: El grupo de estudio retrospectivo será planificado de acuerdo con el tamano de muestra de estimación y consistirá en exploraciones con TCHC de pacientes asintomáticos; las imágenes serán obtenidas del archivo del CDI, previa solicitud al director. Las imágenes TCHC serán analizadas con el software RealScan 2.0 (Point Nix. Corea) para los defectos óseos mediante reconstrucción multiplanar en vistas axiales, coronales, sagitales, cortes transaxiales, así como la evaluación mediante reconstrucciones 3D en volumen rendering y para la inclinación de la eminencia articular, una de las vistas axiales sobre la cual se observan los procesos condilares en su más amplia extensión lateral medial y que es utilizada como vista de referencia para la reconstrucción secundaria. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 30 anos ± 6,13 y no hubo diferencias significativas entre sexos. El ángulo ANB en promedio la muestra fue de 7,02° ± 1,80° y no hubo diferencias significativas entre géneros. Los valores cuantitativos de la inclinación de la eminencia articular medidos a través de los ángulos EBT y ETR no tuvieron diferencias significativas entre lados. No se encontró asociación significativa entre el ángulo de la eminencia articular EBT y la presencia de cambios óseos degenerativos. En el caso de la asociación entre el grado del ángulo de la eminencia articular ETR y la presencia de cambios óseos degenerativos, el aplanamiento mostró del lado izquierdo y se encontró asociación significativa con la erosión en el lado derecho. Conclusiones: La inclinación de la eminencia articular medida en el ángulo EBT de pacientes clase II esquelética y su relación con cambios osteoatrósicos según lado no muestra asociaciones significativas. La inclinación de la eminencia articular medida en el ángulo ETR de pacientes clase II esquelética y su relación con cambios osteoartrósicos, según lado del aplanamiento, mostró una asociación significativa en lado izquierdo y una asociación significativa en la erosión del lado derecho.
Comparación de tres agentes remineralizantes utilizados en lesiones de manchas blancas en premolares medidos con fluorescencia láser: un estudio in vitro
Authors: Romero González María Alejandra , Aguilar Gálvez Denisse Pilar Carmen
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar la remineralización de lesiones de manchas blancas en el esmalte de premolares humanos a través de la fluorescencia láser utilizando el barniz de flúor al 5% (Duraphat®), la nano-hidroxiapatita (Nano P®), y la combinación de ambos agentes, a los 30 días de su aplicación. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 40 premolares y dividida en 4 grupos, (1) control (sin agente): saliva artificial, (2) barniz de flúor al 5% (Duraphat®), (3) nano-hidroxiapatita (Nano P®), (4) y una combinación de ambos agentes remineralizantes (nanohidroxiapatita - Nano P® y barniz de flúor al 5% - Duraphat®). Se analizaron los datos mediante la prueba de Anova de una vía y test de Bonferroni. Se trabajó con un nivel de significancia p < 0,05. Resultados: La aplicación del barniz de flúor al 5% (Duraphat®) y la nano-hidroxiapatita (Nano P®), seguido del barniz de flúor al 5% (Duraphat®) usado individualmente, mostraron clínicamente valores mayores de remineralización comparado con el grupo control. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa, al comparar la remineralización de lesiones de manchas blancas medidas a través de fluorescencia láser utilizando dos agentes remineralizantes, el barniz de flúor al 5% (Duraphat®), la nano-hidroxiapatita (Nano P®) y una combinación de ambos agentes a los 30 días de su aplicación. Conclusión: La combinación del barniz de flúor al 5% (Duraphat®) y la nano-hidroxiapatita (Nano P®), y barniz de flúor al 5% (Duraphat®) usado individualmente, mostraron clínicamente un incremento en la remineralización de las lesiones de manchas blancas a los 30 días de aplicación.
Effectiveness of preoxygenation with positive airway pressure in non-obese healthy patient: a comparison of the supine and 25° head up position
Authors: Dhakal Yogesh , Bhattarai Balkrishna , Khatiwada Sindhu , Subedi Asish
Published: July 2019

Background

Though conventional preoxygenation provides extended safe apnoeic period during endotracheal intubation, it is associated with atelectasis of lungs immediately after induction. Therefore, alternatives such as positive airway pressure and head-up tilt during preoxygenation have been explored but uniform recommendations have not yet been made. In the present study we aimed to find out the effect of combination of 5 cmH2O CPAP and 25° head up position during preoxygenation on non-hypoxic apnea period.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, 60 non-obese healthy adult patients were randomly divided into three groups; Group C receiving preoxygenation in conventional technique, Group S receiving preoxygenation in supine position with 5 cmH2O CPAP and Group H receiving preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O CPAP. After 3 min of preoxygenation, anesthesia was induced and trachea intubated. After confirming the tracheal intubation by direct visualization, all patients were administered vecuronium to maintain neuromuscular blockade and midazolam to prevent awareness. Post-induction, patients in all groups were left apneic in supine position with the tracheal tube exposed to atmosphere till the SpO2 dropped to 92%. The primary outcome compared between the groups was the non-hypoxic apnoeic period (time to fall SpO2 to 92%).

Results

The duration of non-hypoxic apnea period was longer (p<0.05) in Group H patients (405.90±106.69 s) as compared to the Group C (296.90±99.01 s) and Group S (319.65±71.54 s). Although the duration of non-hypoxic apnea was clinically longer in the Group S as compared to Group C the difference was not statistically significant. There were no remarkable adverse events observed in any group.

Conclusion

Preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O CPAP significantly prolongs non-hypoxic apnea period in non-obese healthy adults compared to supine position, with or without 5 cmH2O CPAP.
Characterization of a vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, from Hevea brasiliensis: involvement in latex production through regulation of intracellular sucrose transport in the bark and laticifers
Authors: long xiangyu , Li Heping , Yang Jianghua , Xin Lusheng , He Bin , Huang Debao , Tang Chaorong
Published: July 2019

Background: Sucrose (Suc), as the precursor molecule for rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis, is transported via phloem-mediated long-distance transport from leaves to laticifers in trunk bark, where latex (cytoplasm of laticifers) is tapped for rubber. Suc transporters (SUTs) play important roles during various steps of Suc transport in higher plants.
Results: In our previous report, six SUT genes have been cloned in Hevea tree, among which HbSUT3 has been verified to play an active role in Suc loading to the laticifers. In this study, another latex-abundant SUT isoform, HbSUT5, with expressions only inferior to HbSUT3 was characterized especially for its roles in latex production. Both phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization identify HbSUT5 as a SUT4-clade (=type III) vacuolar membrane SUT, suggesting its potential participation in Suc exchange between lutoids (polydispersed microvacuoles) and cytosol in latex. Suc uptake assay in yeast identifies HbSUT5 as a typical Suc-H+ symporter, but the high affinity of HbSUT5 for Suc (Km = 2.03 mM at pH 5.5) and its similar efficiency in transporting maltose making it a peculiar SUT under the SUT4-clade. At the transcript level, HbSUT5 is abundantly and preferentially expressed in Hevea barks. It is contrary to HbSUT3 that the transcripts of HbSUT5 are obviously decreased both in Hevea latex and bark during the treatments of tapping and ethephon, indicating it counteracts the yield-stimulating effects of two treatments.
Conclusions:
A vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, may play an important role in Suc exchange between lutoids (polydispersed vacuoles) and latex in laticifers. It is better to understand that the whole HbSUT family regulate and control Suc accumulation in laticifers, influencing rubber yield formation in Hevea.
Lassa fever infection from West Africa, dynamic and epidemiology of the virus on the population 1969–2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: YESSINOU Roland Eric , Waladjo Alain Richi Kamga , Ignace Dramou , Adinsi Justin , Sangnidjo Elsie , Osse Razack , Dansou Alfred , Adehan Safiou , FAROUGOU Souaïbou
Published: July 2019

Background
Lassa virus (LASV) is a highly prevalent arenavirus that affects two to three million people in West Africa. This rodent borne virus which has serious consequences on the population and hospital staff in endemic areas. In this article, we review prevalence of LASV with a focus on the dynamic and epidemiology of the disease of 1969-2019. What informs on the evolution and the extent of the disease in this at-risk zone in order to prepare response measures in the event of an epidemic.

Methods

We was conducted a retrospective review through literatures search using the AGORA, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, researchgate and Google scholar Database on Lassa fever (LF) from West Africa. A total 34 articles were studied from 11 countries. Studies were categorized by host and country, and meta-analysis conducted to determine pooled prevalence estimates for each category Analysis was done using the metaprop command in STATA version 15 and MetaXL software.

Results

A total of 18.111 individual samples from 11 countries, described in 34 articles were studied. Meta-analysis of twenty six studies have indicated that the pooled prevalence was 19.0% [95% CI (15.0-23.0%), I2 = 97.93%]. There was a high level of heterogeneity between studies; however, the high prevalence of LASV was noted in several countries as Nigeria (12-42%), followed by Sierra Leone (8-43%), and then Guinea (9-40%). Pooled prevalence of LASV for human in studies conducted over the entire review period was 22.0% [95% CI (17.0-28.0%), I2 = 98.0%]; eighteen studies), while she was 9.0% [95% CI (4.0-15.0%), I2 = 97.0%]; eight studies) for Mastomys spp.

Conclusion

The knowledge of the geographical distribution and epidemiology may have help for disease control efforts and limit the risk of transmission, both locally and internationally. This study is also important in order to guide interventions, public health authorities and inform on the evolution of the disease and its magnitude in the population.
Mutations in CD14 gene causes mastitis in different breeds of buffalo as confirmed by in silico studies and experimental validation
Authors: Pal Aruna , Pal Abantika , Sharma Arjava , Bhattacharya Tarun Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background

CD 14 is an important pattern recognition receptor having innate immune function and has antibacterial activity. It binds with LPS of gram-negative bacteria, arachidonic acid, and lipoteichoic acid. Being a receptor, it binds with the pathogen with the help of other cytokines. Mutations in CD14 affect the binding ability which in turn affects the biological potentiality.

Method

The present study was conducted on 228 nos. of buffaloes pertaining to four different breeds as Murrah, Mehsana, Surti and Bhadawari. CD14 gene was characterized and polymorphism was detected through Single nucleotide conformation polymorphism. Association study was conducted for different variants of CD14 with mastitis in buffalo, detected through somatic cell count, california mastitis test.

Result

Eight variants of CD14 were detected and mutational hotspots were detected in bubaline CD14 with 58 number of non-synonymous SNP, out of which 18 were observed to be deleterious and 34 as thermodynamically unstable. In the present study, we had detected the mutations in CD14 gene and its association with the somatic cell score and other indicators for mastitis. In-silico studies were conducted to understand the molecular mechanism how the mutations affect the biological potentiality by analyzing different domains and structural analysis along with various post-translational modification sites.

Conclusion

Deleterious mutations were observed in CD14 gene which have significant effect on mastitis of buffalo. It may be employed for marker assisted selection, therapeutic application of recombinant CD14, gene therapy, transgenic animal production with wild type CD14 resistant to mastitis as future strategy.
Genomic, chromosomal, and ecological differentiation between the cryptic Eurasian malaria vector-species Anopheles messeae and Anopheles daciae
Authors: Naumenko Anastasia N. , Karagodin Dmitriy A. , Yurchenko Andrey A. , Moskaev Anton V. , Martin Olga I. , Baricheva Elina M. , Sharakhov Igor V. , Gordeev Mikhail I. , Sharakhova Maria
Published: July 2019

Background

A dominant malaria vector, Anopheles messeae, is a highly polymorphic species with wide distribution throughout Eurasia. Five highly polymorphic inversions associated with the geographical distribution of the species have been reported. A sister species, An. daciae, was described and discriminated from An. messeae based on five fixed nucleotide substitutions in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA. However, the levels of genomic divergence, chromosomal variation, and ecological differentiation between these two cryptic species remain unexplored.

Results

In this study, we sequenced ITS2 and analyzed the inversion frequencies of 289 Anopheles larvae specimens collected from three locations in the Moscow region. We identified a high abundance of both An. messeae and An. daciae in all three locations. Five individual genomes for each species of An. messeae and An. daciae from one location were sequenced. Our study confirmed five previously described nucleotide substitutions in the ITS2 of An. messeae. However, we found that the ITS2 sequence in An. daciae was heterogenic in three of the five positions. Fixed nucleotide differences between An. messeae and An. daciae were found only in the last two positions. One mosquito was identified as a hybrid between An. messeae and An. daciae based on heterogeneous substitutions in all five positions. Although, the genomic sequence comparison demonstrated genome-wide divergence between the two species, which is especially pronounced on the X chromosome, an ADMIXTURE cluster analysis demonstrated the presence of two admixed individuals suggesting ongoing hybridization. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated that An. messeae and An. daciae significantly differ from each other by their frequency of polymorphic inversions. Inversion X1 was fixed in An. messeae but was polymorphic in all An. daciae populations. The frequency of polymorphic autosomal inversions was higher in An. messeae than in An. daciae. The species composition was different among the studied locations suggesting species-specific ecological preferences.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that An. messeae and An. daciae represent closely related cryptic species with incomplete reproductive isolation that are able to maintain genomic differentiation in sympatry despite ongoing genetic introgression. The X chromosome plays an important role in the reproductive isolation between the species.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA isolates from pediatric patients
Authors: Gurung Raja Ram , Maharjan Prashanna , GC Ganga
Published: July 2019

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important superbugs distributed throughout the world. It causes minor skin infections to severe complications including nosocomial infections in both hospitals and community settings. These strains have multi-drug resistant property. Hence, they are difficult to manage which increase health-related costs and simultaneously intensifying the need for new antibiotics. The extent of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in children is largely unknown. The study determines the current status of S. aureus and MRSA causing various infections in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children’s Hospital (IFCH).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting a hospital. Various clinical specimens were aseptically collected and processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Isolation and identification of S. aureus were done by microscopy, mannitol fermentation, and coagulase positivity. All identified S. aureus isolates subjected to in-vitro antibiogram by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique adopting Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin were considered to be MRSA. Whereas, isolates produced D-shaped inhibition zone around clindamycin when kept near erythromycin were considered to be Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR).
Results: 672 various types of clinical samples were processed from the microbiology laboratory from June and November 2015. Out of 300 culture positive samples, 52 (17.3%) were S. aureus isolates, among them 39 (75.0%) were found to be MRSA. The D-test showed that Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin-B (MLSB) phenotype was 15.4%.
Conclusion: The study shows the MRSA occurrence is prevalent in pediatric patients and newer classes’ drugs are found more effective than β-lactam drugs to treat S. aureus infection. However, restriction on the indiscriminate use of such drugs may be an effective strategy to control the drug resistance.

Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype, Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR) test or D-zone test, Antibiotic resistance, Nepal
How methodological frameworks are being developed: Evidence from a scoping review
Authors: McMeekin Nicola , Wu Olivia , Germeni Evi , Briggs A
Published: July 2019

Background

A methodological framework is a structured guide to completing a process or procedure. Although the benefits of using methodological frameworks are increasingly recognised, to date, there is no formal definition of what constitutes a ‘methodological framework’, nor is there any published guidance on how to develop one. This study sought to: (a) map the existing landscape on the use of methodological frameworks; (b) identify approaches used for the development of methodological frameworks; and (c) recommend guidance for developing future methodological frameworks. We took a broad view and did not limit our study to methodological frameworks in research and academia.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted, drawing on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and more recent guidance. We systematically searched two major electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science), as well as grey literature sources and the reference lists of key papers. Study characteristics and approaches used for development of methodological frameworks were extracted from included studies. Descriptive analysis was conducted.

Results

We included a total of 28 studies, representing a wide range of subject areas. The most commonly reported approach for developing a methodological framework was ‘Based on existing methods and guidelines’ (64.3%), followed by ‘Refined and validated’ (35.7%), ‘Experience and expertise’ (32.1%), ‘Literature review’ (28.6%), ‘Data synthesis and amalgamation’ (25.0%), ‘Data extraction’ (10.7%), ‘Iteratively developed’ (7.1%) and ‘Lab work results’ (3.6%). There was no consistent use of terminology; the studies included a range of terms for ‘methodological framework’, which were also used interchangeably within studies.

Conclusions

Although no formal guidance exists on how to develop a methodological framework, this scoping review found an overall consensus in approaches used, which can be broadly divided into three phases: (a) identifying data to inform the methodological framework; (b) developing the methodological framework; and (c) validating, testing and refining the methodological framework. Based on these phases, we provide recommendations to facilitate the development of future methodological frameworks.
RNA 3D structure prediction using multiple sequence alignment information
Authors: Magnus Marcin , Kappel Kalli , Das Rhiju , Bujnicki Janusz
Published: July 2019

Background
The understanding of the importance of RNA has dramatically changed over recent years. As in the case of proteins, the function of an RNA molecule is encoded in its tertiary structure, which in turn is determined by the molecule's sequence. The prediction of tertiary structures of complex RNAs is still a challenging task.
Results
Using the observation that RNA sequences from the same RNA family fold into conserved structure, we test herein whether parallel modeling of RNA homologs can improve ab initio RNA structure prediction method. EvoClustRNA is a multi- step modeling process, in which homologous sequences for the target sequence are selected using the Rfam database. Subsequently, independent folding simulations using Rosetta FARFAR and SimRNA are carried out. The model of the target sequence is selected based on the most common structural arrangement of the common helical fragments. As a test, on two blind RNA-Puzzles challenges, EvoClustRNA predictions ranked as the first of all submissions for the L-glutamine riboswitch and as the second for the ZMP riboswitch.
Conclusion
Through a benchmark of known structures, we discovered several cases in which particular homologs were unusually amenable to structure recovery in folding simulations compared to the single original target sequence.
Selecting behaviour change techniques to reduce sedentary behaviour in people with stroke using the Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Wondergem Roderick , Hendrickx Wendy , Wouters Eveline , Bie Rob de , Visser Johanna , Veenhof Cindy , Pisters Martijn
Published: July 2019

Background

Research has shown that sedentary behaviour increases the risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease and mortality. People with stroke are highly sedentary. Therefore, reducing sedentary behaviour might reduce the risk of secondary events and death. Personalized strategies using behavioural change techniques directed at reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke are currently lacking.

Purpose

To systematically determine the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) for a behavioural change intervention, directed at reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling people with stroke, using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW).

Method

To complete the stages of the BCW, information on understanding the behaviour, identifying intervention functions, identifying BCTs and modes of delivery were needed. To acquire this information, per stage a literature search was conducted and nominal group technique (NGT) sessions were conducted to identify BCTs. The NGT sessions were conducted with professionals working with people with stroke and with international researchers working in the stroke or sedentary behaviour field. Participants made their choice by rating the BCTs, starting from most important (eight points) down to zero points.

Results

In total, 75 eligible BCTs were identified. Five BCTs should always be included: ‘goal setting’, ‘action planning’, ‘social support’, ‘problem solving’ and ‘restructuring of the social environment’. For patients without cognitive impairments, ‘self-monitoring’, ‘feedback on behaviour’, ‘information about health consequences’ and ‘goal setting on outcome’ were advised to be included, while for patients with cognitive impairments, ‘prompts/cues’, ‘graded tasks’, ‘restructuring the physical environment’ and ‘social support practical’ should be considered.

Conclusion

Behaviour change techniques were identified for a behavioural change intervention aiming to reduce sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling people with first-ever stroke. BCTs recommendations depend on the presence of physical and cognitive impairments, although ‘goal setting’, ‘action planning’, ‘social support’, ‘problem solving’ and ‘restructuring of the social environment’ are recommended in all people with first-ever stroke. The identified BCTs serve as the basis for further development of a personalized blended care intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in people with stroke.
The characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in children from 2013 to 2018 in a chinese tertiary hospital
Authors: Jia Xiu-Qin , Pang Feng , Luo Xin , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to performe a retrospective analysis of prevalence and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections in children in a tertiary hospital.

Methods

The non-repeat clinical isolates of CRE in children were collected in Liaocheng People's Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2018. The bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility was performed according to the standard methods. The isolated strains will be detected carbapenemases genotypes and homology analysis. All data on the culture-positive strains and associated clinical infection from different pediatric wards were reviewed.

Results

A total of 20 CRE strains isolated from pediatric patients, which derived from different infection sites and present a classification of multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae. And the production of IMP-type carbapenemase in these strains is the main reason of antimicrobial resistance. Most of the infected patients have severe comorbidities and invasive procedures, and use insensitive drugs due to the high resistance rates and medication restrictions. Nevertheless, most infected children have been treated despite the resistance of pathogens to multiple antimicrobial agents. In our follow-up survey, most children received adjuvant therapy such as human intravenous immunoglobulin, which may be an important factor in helping patients defeat pathogenic bacteria.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a high prevalence of IMP-mediated CRE infection in pediatric patients with severe comorbidities and invasive procedures. Most children have been cured, which may be related to application of adjuvant therapy and weaker pathogenicity of the IMP-type Enterobacteriaceae.
RESPONSE TO NEOADYAVANT CHEMOTHERAPY WITH PLATINUM-BASED DRUGS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WITH BRCA1 DELETION IN TUMOR
Authors: Tsyganov M. M. , Tarabanovskaya N. A. , Deryusheva I. V. , Ibragimova M. K. , Kazantseva P. V. , Pevzner A. M. , Slonimskaya E. M. , Litviakov N. V.
Published: July 2019

Currently, the presence of the germinal mutation BRCA1 5382insC in breast cancer patients is one of the determining factors for prescribing platinum-based drugs. However, this type of mutation is found in no more than 10 % of patients, thus limiting the feasibility of administering platinum-based drugs. Various somatic changes in the BRCA1 gene in breast tumors, in particular the deletions of this gene, can play an important role in the tumor sensitivity to platinum drugs.

Case description. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer. The deletion of the BRCA1 gene was detected in the tumor. The patient had a complete response to preoperative chemotherapy according to the CP regimen.

Conclusion. The frequency of the germline mutation of the BRCA1 gene does not exceed 10 %, and the deletion frequency of this gene can vary from 30 to 45 %, thus greatly increasing the feasibility of using platinum-based drugs in mutationnegative patients to achieve complete pathologic response and high survival rates.