bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relations of meaning in life and sense of coherence to distress in cancer patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Winger Joseph G. , Adams Rebecca N. , Mosher Catherine E.
Published: March 2015

Objective

Cancer patients report high rates of distress. The related constructs of meaning in life (MiL) and sense of coherence (SOC) have long been recognized as important factors in the psychological adjustment to cancer; however, both constructs' associations with distress have not been quantitatively reviewed or compared in this population. Informed by Park's integrated meaning‐making model and Antonovsky's salutogenic model, the goals of this meta‐analysis were the following: (1) to compare the strength of MiL‐distress and SOC‐distress associations in cancer patients; and (2) to examine potential moderators of both associations (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, religious affiliation, disease stage, and time since diagnosis).

Methods

A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Overall, 62 records met inclusion criteria. The average MiL‐distress and SOC‐distress associations were quantified as Pearson's r correlation coefficients and compared using a one‐way ANOVA.

Results

Both MiL and SOC demonstrated significant, negative associations with distress (r = −0.41, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.35, k = 44; and r = −0.59, 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.51, k = 18, respectively). Moreover, the MiL‐distress association was significantly smaller than the SOC‐distress association (Qb = 10.42, df = 1, p < 0.01). Neither association varied by the tested moderators.

Conclusions

Findings provide support for the clinical relevance of MiL and SOC across demographic and medical subgroups of cancer patients. The strength of the SOC‐distress association suggests that incorporating aspects of SOC (e.g., the perceived manageability of life circumstances) into meaning‐centered interventions may improve their effectiveness for distressed cancer patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resilience in adults with cancer: development of a conceptual model
Authors: Deshields Teresa L. , Heiland Mark F. , Kracen Amanda C. , Dua Priya
Published: March 2015

Objective

Resilience is a construct addressed in the psycho‐oncology literature and is especially relevant to cancer survivorship. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for resilience that is specific to adults diagnosed with cancer.

Methods

To establish the proposed model, a brief review of the various definitions of resilience and of the resilience literature in oncology is provided.

Results

The proposed model includes baseline attributes (personal and environmental) which impact how an individual responds to an adverse event, which in this paper is cancer‐related. The survivor has an initial response that fits somewhere on the distress–resilience continuum; however, post‐cancer experiences (and interventions) can modify the initial response through a process of recalibration.

Conclusions

The literature reviewed indicates that resilience is a common response to cancer diagnosis or treatment. The proposed model supports the view of resilience as both an outcome and a dynamic process. Given the process of recalibration, a discussion is provided of interventions that might facilitate resilience in adults with cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical analysis of a MOCVD process for the growth of GaN nanowires using GaCl3 and NH3
Authors: Serrano Perez Edgar , Nuñez Velazquez Miguel A. , Juárez Lopez Fernando
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the analysis of horizontal cold wall reactor for GaN nanowires growing from GaCl3 and NH3 at atmospheric pressure conditions has been studied. It aims to provide better understanding of the MOCVD process especially of deposition process of GaN nanowires as well as fluid dynamics inside the reactor. Numerical solution to transport model coupled with 2D geometry using CFD shows several results including GaCl3 thermal decomposition at different temperature conditions, velocity and temperature distribution as well as concentration profiles into reactor. Afterwards experimental parameters of temperature and gases flow were set to growth of GaN nanowires. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows the microstructural characteristics of GaN nanowires. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2D AlN crystal phase formation on (0001) Al2O3 surface by ammonia MBE
Authors: Malin Timur , Mansurov Vladimir , Galitsyn Yury , Zhuravlev Konstantin
Published: March 2015

Kinetics of a two‐dimensional (2D) AlN layer formation on (0001) sapphire (Al2O3) surface during nitridation at different ammonia fluxes is investigated by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The process on the surface is described in the framework of a chemical reactions kinetic model including interaction between partially reduced aluminum oxide species (AlO) and chemisorbed NH2 particles. The experimentally determined AlN formation rates as functions of both the temperature and the ammonia pressure are successfully described by a simple set of kinetic equations. Calculated maximum rate of the process well agrees with the experimental values. Precision measurement of 2D AlN lattice parameters during the nitridation process detects the value of 3.01 Å. This value coincides exactly with a characteristic structure parameter of the oxygen‐deficient Al2O3 surface. We assume this coincidence results from flexibility of the 2D AlN monolayer which provides minimization of elastic stresses at the AlN/(0001)Al2O3 interface. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Blue to true green LEDs with semipolar quantum wells based on GaN nanostripes
Authors: Leute Robert A. R. , Wang Junjun , Meisch Tobias , Biskupek Joachim , Kaiser Ute , Scholz Ferdinand
Published: March 2015

Recent advances of the performance of GaN based devices with semipolar quantum wells have been realized homoepitaxially on pseudo bulk substrates which are typically small in size and high in cost. These limitations fuel the search for cheap and large area alternatives. Heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire substrates is well established with excellent results for polar GaN structures ‐ the growth of semipolar gallium nitride on sapphire, however, presents unique challenges. In order to profit from our expertise in c‐plane samples, our semipolar gallium nitride growth experiments are based on growth in c‐direction.

Using selective area epitaxy (SAE) on c‐oriented templates, we can grow 3D structures with semipolar side facets. These structures are typically several μm in size which constitutes further challenges for device processing. Reducing the size of the structures to a sub‐μm scale, we are able to bury our semipolar QWs within planar layers resulting in flat samples with c‐plane surfaces. In this contribution, we present our results concerning the structural quality and spectral properties of quantum wells emitting in the blue and green spectral range as well as light emitting diodes. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface polariton spectroscopy of AlN films grown by ammonia MBE on (0001) Al2O3 substrate
Authors: Novikova N. N. , Vinogradov E. A. , Yakovlev V. A. , Malin T. V. , Mansurov V. G. , Zhuravlev K. S.
Published: March 2015

Surface polariton (SP) spectra of nitridated sapphire and rather thick (1 µm) AlN films on sapphire have been measured using attenuated total reflection technique. The high sensitivity of SP allows to see the sapphire spectra change after nitridation of sapphire and even variations parameters of the nitridation procedure. SP dispersion curves depend on degree of conversion of an initial sapphire surface layer into crystalline AlN during the nitridation procedure. The TO frequencies of formed AlN films are higher than the frequency reported for the AlN single crystal indicating the increase of the lattice constant. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of interference effects on the photoluminescence of AlGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Ramírez‐López M. , Casallas‐Moreno Y. L. , Pérez‐Caro M. , Escobosa‐Echevarria A. , Gallardo‐Hernández S. , Huerta‐Ruelas J. , Lopez‐Lopez M.
Published: March 2015

In this work we compared the optical properties of AlGaN(50 nm)/GaN(5 nm) quantum wells (QWs) grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) technique, on Si(111) substrates and sapphire substrates. Optical properties were acquired by photoluminescence (PL) and reflectance (R) spectroscopies. Reflectance spectra shows interference oscillations of the reflected beam at Air/AlGaN and the beam reflected at bottom interface with Si substrate. Such oscillations vanish at the band gap of GaN buffer layer (3.4 eV). The PL spectra of samples grown on Silicon substrate shows a photoluminescence modulation effect, attributed to interference of light emitted from the QWs that is reflected at different heterostructure interfaces. On sapphire substrate no modulation effect is present. This could be explained due to interfacial roughness and the smaller refractive index of sapphire in comparison to silicon. PL shows a strong emission around 3 eV, which is in agreement with recombination energy determined by self‐consistent calculations, which consider a 4 MV/cm built‐in electric field and low carrier densities. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved thermal stability and narrowed line width of photoluminescence from InGaN nanorod by ytterbium doping
Authors: Wang Jingzhou , Dasari Kiran , Cooper Kevin , Thota Venkata R. , Wright Jason , Palai Ratnakar , Ingram David C. , Stinaff Eric A. , Kaya S. , Jadwisienczak W. M.
Published: March 2015

Nanorod of in situ Yb‐doped InGaN and undoped InGaN have been grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Selected regions on Yb‐doped InGaN sample show single dominant near band edge emission (NBE) in green, yellow or orange color due to the variation of In content. Temperature dependent PL peak energy of InGaN nanorod shows the characteristic S ‐shaped behavior indicating the presents of strong exciton localization energy in undoped InGaN nanorod. The exciton localization energy reduced significantly after incorporating Yb into InGaN, giving rise to damping of the S‐shape profile amplitude and narrowing of the PL line width from ∼20 meV to ∼12 meV at 11 K. It is proposed that the improved PL thermal stability and the PL line width in Yb‐doped InGaN nanorod is affected by the Yb gettering effect. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of AlGaN multiple quantum wells on sapphire with lattice‐relaxation layer
Authors: Nakahama Kazuhiro , Fukuyo Fumitsugu , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Yoshida Harumasa , Kobayashi Yuji
Published: March 2015

The influences of three types of lattice‐relaxation layer between AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and AlN layer on sapphire substrate were investigated. For structure (a), two‐high‐Al‐mole‐fraction AlGaN layers grown at 1170 °C was prepared. For structure (b), an AlN interlayer with growth temperature at 1450 °C was inserted between AlN/sapphire substrate and two‐high‐Al‐mole‐fraction AlGaN layer. For structure (c), an Al‐composition‐graded AlGaN layer with decreasing Al composition was grown after an AlN interlayer at 1450 °C by lowering the temperature gradually from the growth temperature of AlN. The narrowest rocking curve X‐ray diffraction at AlGaN MQWs occurs while using structure (b) as lattice‐relaxation layer. The highest emission intensity of cathodoluminescence from AlGaN MQWs at room temperature was also shown by using structure (b). The ratio of integrated intensity of spectra at 300 K and 10 K (I300K/I10K) is 58%. High temperature AlN films as lattice‐relaxation layer improved the crystal quality and emission intensity in AlGaN MQWs. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of spin contamination on estimating bond dissociation energies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Blanquart Guillaume
Published: March 2015

The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of spin contamination on the prediction of the enthalpies of formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) radicals and of the bond dissociation energies of their precursor molecule. These PAH radicals play a major role in the mass growth of soot precursors leading ultimately to the first soot particles. In this work, we highlights the errors due to spin contamination by comparing spin‐unrestricted open‐shell calculations (UHF, UMP2, and Quadratic CI singles and doubles [QCISD(T)]) with spin‐restricted open‐shell calculations (ROHF, ROMP2, and ROCCSD(T)). The results suggest that one should be very careful using any of the spin‐unrestricted methods (even QCISD (T)) unless the
values are extremely close to the theoretical value. Following these observations, we propose a new set of best‐estimates for the enthalpies of formation of these critical PAH radicals using spin‐restricted open‐shell ROMP2 and RCCSD(T) calculations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green Remediation or Sustainable Remediation: Moving From Dialogue to Common Practice
Authors: Hadley Paul W. , Harclerode Melissa
Published: March 2015

Different points of view have emerged concerning how to best consider and address the largely unexamined ancillary environmental impacts, and more particularly the social and economic impacts, of remediation activities. These views are generally categorized as “green remediation” and “sustainable remediation.” This article dissects the commonalities and differences between “green” and “sustainable” remediation approaches. Several key obstacles to the broader implementation of sustainable remediation practices are identified. Similarities identified among the two concepts offer a common ground and areas of collaboration. The objective of this article is to support maturation of the remediation industry by addressing the opposition to and supporting the implementation of sustainable remediation practices, including offering recommendations for a path forward. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A flexible mixed‐effect negative binomial regression model for detecting unusual increases in MRI lesion counts in individual multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Kondo Yumi , Zhao Yinshan , Petkau John
Published: March 2015

We develop a new modeling approach to enhance a recently proposed method to detect increases of contrast‐enhancing lesions (CELs) on repeated magnetic resonance imaging, which have been used as an indicator for potential adverse events in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. The method signals patients with unusual increases in CEL activity by estimating the probability of observing CEL counts as large as those observed on a patient's recent scans conditional on the patient's CEL counts on previous scans. This conditional probability index (CPI), computed based on a mixed‐effect negative binomial regression model, can vary substantially depending on the choice of distribution for the patient‐specific random effects. Therefore, we relax this parametric assumption to model the random effects with an infinite mixture of beta distributions, using the Dirichlet process, which effectively allows any form of distribution. To our knowledge, no previous literature considers a mixed‐effect regression for longitudinal count variables where the random effect is modeled with a Dirichlet process mixture. As our inference is in the Bayesian framework, we adopt a meta‐analytic approach to develop an informative prior based on previous clinical trials. This is particularly helpful at the early stages of trials when less data are available. Our enhanced method is illustrated with CEL data from 10 previous multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Our simulation study shows that our procedure estimates the CPI more accurately than parametric alternatives when the patient‐specific random effect distribution is misspecified and that an informative prior improves the accuracy of the CPI estimates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How CEOs protect themselves against dismissal: A social status perspective
Authors: Flickinger Miriam , Wrage Markus , Tuschke Anja , Bresser Rudi
Published: March 2015

In this study, we address the question of why some CEOs stay in office during a performance downturn while others don't. Taking a social status perspective, we argue that an individual's board network embeddedness—as reflected in the number of outside directorships—plays an important role in dismissal decisions. We predict that a high status of the CEO relative to the chairman of the board protects an underperforming CEO against dismissal, while the relative salience of board network outsiders can counter this effect. Using longitudinal data of large German corporations, we find support for our predictions. Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Pulmonary Infection Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Inhibiting Overproduction of Prostaglandin E2
Authors: Mao Yan-Xiong , Xu Jin-Fu , Seeley Eric J. , Tang Xiao-Dan , Xu Lu-Lu , Zhu Ying-Gang , Song Yuan-Lin , Qu Jie-Ming
Published: March 2015

Rationale: New strategies for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection are urgently needed. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) may have a potential therapeutic role in P. aeruginosa-induced pulmonary infection.

Methods: The therapeutic and mechanistic effects of ASCs on P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection were evaluated in a murine model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.

Results: ASCs exhibited protective effects against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, evidenced by reduced bacterial burdens, inhibition of alveolar neutrophil accumulation, decreased levels of myeloperoxidase, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and total proteins in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and attenuated severity of lung injury. ASCs had no effects on BALF and serum levels of keratinocyte growth factor or Ang-1. ASCs had no effects on the levels of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in BALF, but increased IGF-1 levels in serum. ASCs inhibited the overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by decreasing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and enhancing the expression of 15-PGDH. In addition, the addition of exogenous PGE2 with ASCs abolished many of the protective effects of ASCs, and administrating PGE2 alone exacerbated lung infection. By inhibiting production of PGE2, ASCs improved phagocytosis and the bactericidal properties of macrophages. Furthermore suppressing PGE2 signaling by COX2 inhibition or EP2 inhibition exhibited protective effects against pulmonary infection as well.

Conclusions: In a murine model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia, ASCs exhibited protective effects by inhibiting production of PGE2, which subsequently improved phagocytosis and the bactericidal properties of macrophages. ASCs may provide a new strategy for managing pulmonary infection caused by P. aeruginosa. Stem Cells 2015;33:2331–2342
Concise Review: Transplantation of Cultured Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells for Treating Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency—Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Utheim Tor Paaske
Published: March 2015

A number of diseases and external factors can deplete limbal stem cells, causing pain and visual loss. Ten years have passed since the first transplantation of cultured oral mucosal epithelial cells in humans, representing the first autologous cell-based therapy for severe bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. Its steady increase in popularity since then can be attributed to the accumulating evidence of its efficacy in reverting limbal stem cell deficiency. In this review, the focus is on clinical, and to a lesser degree laboratory, features of cultured oral mucosal epithelial transplants over the past 10 years. Comparisons with other available technologies are made. Avenues for research to stimulate further improvements in clinical results and allow worldwide distribution of limbal stem cell therapy based on oral mucosal cells are discussed. These include storage and transportation of cultured oral mucosal epithelial sheets and in vivo culture of oral mucosal epithelial cells. Stem Cells  2015;33:1685–1695
Cell Mechanosensitivity to Extremely Low-Magnitude Signals Is Enabled by a LINCed Nucleus
Authors: Uzer Gunes , Thompson William R. , Sen Buer , Xie Zhihui , Yen Sherwin S. , Miller Sean , Bas Guniz , Styner Maya , Rubin Clinton T. , Judex Stefan , Burridge Keith , Rubin Janet
Published: March 2015

A cell's ability to recognize and adapt to the physical environment is central to its survival and function, but how mechanical cues are perceived and transduced into intracellular signals remains unclear. In mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), high-magnitude substrate strain (HMS, ≥2%) effectively suppresses adipogenesis via induction of focal adhesion (FA) kinase (FAK)/mTORC2/Akt signaling generated at FAs. Physiologic systems also rely on a persistent barrage of low-level signals to regulate behavior. Exposing MSC to extremely low-magnitude mechanical signals (LMS) suppresses adipocyte formation despite the virtual absence of substrate strain (<0.001%), suggesting that LMS-induced dynamic accelerations can generate force within the cell. Here, we show that MSC response to LMS is enabled through mechanical coupling between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, in turn activating FAK and Akt signaling followed by FAK-dependent induction of RhoA. While LMS and HMS synergistically regulated FAK activity at the FAs, LMS-induced actin remodeling was concentrated at the perinuclear domain. Preventing nuclear-actin cytoskeleton mechanocoupling by disrupting linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes inhibited these LMS-induced signals as well as prevented LMS repression of adipogenic differentiation, highlighting that LINC connections are critical for sensing LMS. In contrast, FAK activation by HMS was unaffected by LINC decoupling, consistent with signal initiation at the FA mechanosome. These results indicate that the MSC responds to its dynamic physical environment not only with “outside-in” signaling initiated by substrate strain, but vibratory signals enacted through the LINC complex enable matrix independent “inside–inside” signaling. Stem Cells  2013;33:2063–2076
Icariin Promotes Angiogenic Differentiation and Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Autophagy in Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Tang Yubo , Jacobi Angela , Vater Corina , Zou Lijin , Zou Xuenong , Stiehler Maik
Published: March 2015

Reduced tissue levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and functional impairment of endothelium are frequently observed in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The vascular endothelium is specifically sensitive to oxidative stress, and this is one of the mechanisms that causes widespread endothelial dysfunction in most cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Hence attention has increasingly been paid to enhance mobilization and differentiation of EPCs for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Icariin, a natural bioactive component known from traditional Chinese Medicine, can induce angiogenic differentiation and inhibit oxidative stress-induced cell dysfunction in bone marrow-derived EPCs (BM-EPCs), and, if so, through what mechanisms. We observed that treatment of BM-EPCs with Icariin significantly promoted cell migration and capillary tube formation, substantially abrogated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death that was linked to the reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. Icariin downregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3, as well as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase expression upon H2O2 induction. These antiapoptotic and antiautophagic effects of Icariin are possibly mediated by restoring the loss of mammalian target of rapamycin /p70S6K/4EBP1 phosphorylation as well as attenuation of ATF2 and ERK1/2 protein levels after H2O2 treatment. In summary, favorable modulation of the angiogenesis and redox states in BM-EPCs make Icariin a promising proangiogenic agent both enhancing vasculogenesis and protecting against endothelial dysfunction. Stem Cells  2015;33:1863–1877
Projecting hydropower production under future climates: a guide for decision‐makers and modelers to interpret and design climate change impact assessments
Authors: Schaefli Bettina
Published: March 2015

Hydropower is a key energy source in almost all world regions. It fuels social and economic development, ensures electricity security, and is a pillar for renewable electricity production. But hydropower and its environmental impacts are vulnerable to climate change. This discussion of model‐based climate change impact assessments and underlying modeling assumptions will help decision‐makers and scientists analyzing existing studies and identifying the most urgent open questions. Rooted in hydrological uncertainty analysis, this discussion focuses on the importance of local factors and on modeling uncertainties for a critical view on our ability to project future hydropower production in different world regions. WIREs Water 2015, 2:271–289. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1083

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Wind plant system engineering through optimization of layout and yaw control
Authors: Fleming Paul A. , Ning Andrew , Gebraad Pieter M. O. , Dykes Katherine
Published: March 2015

Recent research has demonstrated exciting potential for wind plant control systems to improve the cost of energy of wind plants. Wind plant controls seek to improve global wind plant performance over control systems in which each turbine optimizes only its individual performance by accounting for the way wind turbines interact through their wakes. Although these technologies can be applied to existing wind plants, it is probable that the maximum benefit would be derived by designing wind plants with these capabilities in mind. In this paper, we use system engineering approaches to perform coupled wind plant controls and position layout optimizations of a model wind plant. Using several cost metrics, we compare the results of this optimization to the original plant and to plants in which the control or layout is optimized separately or sequentially. Results demonstrate that the benefit of this coupled optimization can be substantial, but it depends on the particular constraints of the optimization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of cold climate wind energy: challenges, solutions, and future needs
Authors: Wallenius Tomas , Lehtomäki Ville
Published: March 2015

Wind energy in cold climates offers vast wind energy potential. Cold climate, in this context, means icing conditions and/or low temperatures outside the normal operational limits of the wind turbines. Cold climate areas are often located in low population density surroundings. The combination of good wind resources and low population density makes such areas attractive for wind energy generation, but weather conditions hinder the exploitation of these resources. Many technical issues as well as health and safety related ones need to be addressed before wind energy projects can be economically feasible in cold climates. Icing of wind turbines reduces energy yield, reduces the mechanical life time of turbines, and poses safety risks in the form of ice throw, among other challenges. Progress to solve these challenges has been made in recent years, for example, anti‐ and de‐icing systems have been developed, but still more is to be done to reduce further the cost of wind energy in cold climates. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:128–135. doi: 10.1002/wene.170

This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Climate and Environment
Two Coordination Polymers based on 2‐Ethyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic Acid and 1,3‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)propane: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Wang Haibing , Tang Ping , Xu Guowang , Wang Yenan , Hu Fuchao , Li Dongsheng
Published: March 2015

Two coordination polymers, [Cd(Heidc)(bpp)]n (1) and [Zn3 (eidc)2(bpp)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (2) (H3eidc = 2‐ethyl‐4,5‐imidazole dicarboxylic acid, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, spectroscopy single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 features a 2D layer formed by C–H···π stacking interactions between adjacent chains, whereas compound 2 shows a 3D (83)2(85.10)‐tfc framework constructed of the 2D (6,3) layer. The result demonstrates that the central metal atoms play a key role in governing the coordination motifs. Moreover, solid‐state properties such as thermal stabilities and photoluminescence of 1 and 2 were also investigated.
Insulin resistance in nonobese Japanese women with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with poorer glucose tolerance, delayed insulin secretion, and enhanced insulin response
Authors: Negishi Hiroaki , Nakao Kazuki , Kimura Michiko , Takenaka Hiroshi , Horikawa Michiharu
Published: March 2015

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in PCOS patients, the optimal screening method, and to compare our findings between nonobese and obese Japanese women with PCOS.

Methods

Ninety‐eight PCOS patients were included in this research from 2006 to 2013. Glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Serum glucose and insulin concentration were assayed before and 30, 60, and 120 min after taking 75 g of glucose.

Results

All examined metabolic parameters were significantly favorable in the nonobese subjects, below 25 kg/m2. HOMA‐IR, fasting insulin, glucose120, and insulin120 showed strong correlations with BMI. A total of 1.4 % of nonobese women had IR based on fasting insulin or HOMA‐IR. However, 15.5 % (11/71) of nonobese women had IR as determined by a continuous increase of serum insulin level in OGTT. In comparison, the prevalence of IR among the obese women ranged from 41 to 59 %. AUCglucose, glucose60, glucose120, and insulin120 in nonobese women with a continuous insulin increase were higher than those without such a continuous increase.

Conclusions

All examined metabolic parameters were significantly correlated with BMI. As the presence of a continuous increase of insulin level reflects to some degree poorer glucose tolerance, delayed insulin secretion, and enhanced insulin response compared with non‐continuous insulin increase, OGTT might not been excluded to determine IR and IGT for nonobese women with PCOS.
Problems related to crystallogenesis and the deep carbon cycle
Authors: Sobolev N.V. , Dobretsov N.L. , Ohtani E. , Taylor L.A. , Schertl H.-P. , Palyanov Yu.N. , Litasov K.D.
Published: March 2015

We present a systematic review of the key results and research trends in the Deep Carbon Cycle program. The first section addresses the issues related to subduction zones with emphasis on geological and geophysical data on Kamchatka and Kokchetav paleosubduction zone. Experimental studies over a wide pressure range are discussed in the section “Crystallogenesis and experimental mineralogy”. The papers addressing the diamond issues on the example of the Yakutian diamondiferous province are grouped in the sections “Diamond crystallogenesis” and “Diamond and kimberlite magmatism”.
An integrate model of subduction: contributions from geology, experimental petrology, and seismic tomography
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Koulakov I.Yu. , Litasov K.D. , Kukarina E.V.
Published: March 2015

We summarize the available knowledge of subduction gained from geology, petrology, and seismology and consider the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Regional and local seismic tomography reveals complex systems of fluid and melt migration at different depths above subducting slabs. The physicochemical evolution of the magma storage system maintaining active volcanism is modeled with reference to a wealth of geological and geophysical data. Subduction-related processes are discussed by examples of active (Kamchatka and Japan arcs) and ancient (Kokchetav metamorphic complex) subduction zones. Comprehensive geological and geophysical studies in Kamchatka and Japan prove valid the leading role of andesite magma in subduction of oceanic crust and, on the other hand, show that modeling independent migration paths of melts and fluids is problematic. The case study of Kamchatka provides more insights into melting in intermediate magma reservoirs at the depths about 50–80 and 30 km and highlights the significance of shallow magma sources at the pre-eruption stage. The Kokchetav metamorphics, which are exhumed suprasubduction rocks, offer an exceptional opportunity to estimate directly the compositions and ages of subduction-related melts.
Cathodoluminescence microscopy of the Kokchetav ultrahigh-pressure calcsilicate rocks: What can we learn from silicates, carbon-hosting minerals, and diamond?
Authors: Schertl H.-P. , Neuser R.D. , Logvinova A.M. , Wirth R. , Sobolev N.V.
Published: March 2015

A comprehensive study of a key calc-silicate rock of complex composition, an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rock of the Kokchetav massif, has been performed. New thin sections were examined by cathodoluminescence microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission/analytical electron microscopy. The obtained results confirmed the presence of microdiamonds and indicative signs of ultrahigh pressures (K in clinopyroxene) for seven of the eight previously recognized layers of the sample. Only one layer (3) containing paragenesis forsterite + Ti-clinohumite + dolomite + luminescent garnet (Mg# = 86–95) + clinopyroxene free of potassium and perovskite lacks diamonds. Symplectitic rims replacing garnet in this layer are formed by spinel growing into augite clinopyroxene with a scarce impurity of sapphirine and corundum and lack hydrous minerals. Garnets (Mg# = 81–83) of the diamond-containing layers (1 and 2a) and (4–8), having Mg# = 38–53, do not exhibit luminescence. They are present, together with K-clinopyroxenes, in the Mg-calcite matrix. A distinctive feature of the symplectitic rims is abundant segregations of corundum, often needle-like, and sapphirine in the augite clinopyroxene matrix with a minor spinel impurity. The symplectitic rims contain high-Mg phlogopite and K-amphibole; the latter was found in the metamorphic rocks for the first time. The different roles of hydrous minerals at the early stages of retrograde metamorphism for different layers reflect different fluid mobilities even within a sample.
Conditions of diamond crystallization in kimberlite melt: experimental data
Authors: Palyanov Yu.N. , Sokol A.G. , Khokhryakov A.F. , Kruk A.N.
Published: March 2015

Experiments on diamond crystallization in kimberlite melt were performed for 40 h at 6.3 GPa in the temperature range of 1300–1570 °C and at 7.5 GPa in the temperature range of 1450–1570 °C, using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of split-sphere type. Group I kimberlite from the Udachnaya-East pipe and a synthetic multicomponent mixture modeling the average composition of group II kimberlites were used as starting materials. The experiments have shown that diamond growth on seed crystals in the kimberlite melt in equilibrium with olivine, pyroxene, and garnet starts from 1400 °C at 7.5 GPa and from 1520 °C at 6.3 GPa. Diamond nucleation requires higher temperature and pressure, 1570 °C and 7.5 GPa. The alkali-enriched and silicate-depleted derivates of kimberlite melts ensure the growth and nucleation of diamond at lower P and T values: 1400 °C at 7.5 GPa and 1520 °C at 6.3 GPa. The results obtained evidence that temperature, pressure, and the composition of crystallization medium are the main factors controlling diamond formation processes in the kimberlite melts and their derivates.
Isotope fractionation of carbon during diamond crystallization in model systems
Authors: Reutsky V.N. , Palyanov Yu.N. , Borzdov Yu.M. , Sokol A.G.
Published: March 2015

A systematic experimental study of fractionation of carbon isotopes during diamond crystallization in model systems near the IW and CCO buffers helped to estimate the effective partition coefficients of carbon isotopes between diamond and crystallization medium. In the systems Fe(Ni,Co)–C, near the IW buffer, diamond is heavier than the solution of carbon in metal melt by 4.5%c at 5.5 GPa and 1400–1500 °C. In the system (Na2CO3CO2)–C, near the CCO buffer, diamond is lighter than the carbonate fluid by 2.6%c at 7.5 GPa and 1400–1700 °C. The values of fractionation are close but not equal to calculated equilibrium values and decrease as the rate of diamond crystallization increases. With regard to the low effectiveness of carbon isotope diffusion in diamond, the effective partition coefficients of carbon isotopes obtained during real diamond crystallization are the most informative for interpretation of data for natural diamonds. Based on the experimental results, we propose a scheme of the primary isotope specialization of diamonds. Isotopically heavy diamonds (δ13CVPDB of 0 to –5%c) crystallize in zones of metal melts (in the case of isotope depletion, δ13CVPDB decreases to –10%c or lower). Isotopically light diamonds (δ13CVPDB of –7 to –10%c) crystallize in more oxidized mantle zones. The interaction of different types of mantle matter with contrasting redox characteristics causes wide variations in the carbon isotope composition of diamond and in the composition of diamond-hosted inclusions.
Defects in cubic diamonds from the placers in the northeastern Siberian platform: results of IR microspectrometry
Authors: Titkov S.V. , Shiryaev A.A. , Zudina N.N. , Zudin N.G. , Solodova Yu.P.
Published: March 2015

Defects in yellowish-green, yellow, and orange diamonds of cubic habit from placers of the northeastern Siberian Platform were studied by IR spectroscopy. In addition to the main A, C, and, probably, B defects, the diamonds contain X and Y centers and amber defects of different types and show absorption bands at 1240, 1270, and 1290–1295 cm–1, peaks in the region 1350–1380 cm–1, and bands between 3100–3300 cm–1. Diamonds of different colors contain different associations of structural defects, though they belong to the same variety II according to the Orlov classification. According to the integral spectra of the diamond crystals, the content of structural nitrogen impurity is low, 60–265 ppm. However, spatially resolved spectroscopic examination of diamond plates has revealed highly nonuniform distribution of defects in all diamond crystals. The general regularity for the studied diamonds is a decrease in the total nitrogen content and in the relative fraction of the major A defect from core to periphery of a crystal. The content of structural nitrogen impurity in the core reaches 900 ppm, which is higher than the average N content in widespread octahedral diamond crystals. The presence of C, Y, and X defects in the majority of the samples indicates short postgrowth annealing of these diamonds. The genetic significance of the obtained data on structural defects is discussed.
COMPARING CARCASS END-POINT AND PROFIT MAXIMIZATION DECISION RULES USING DYNAMIC NONLINEAR GROWTH FUNCTIONS — CORRIGENDUM
Authors: MAPLES JOSHUA G. , COATNEY KALYN T. , RILEY JOHN M. , KARISCH BRANDI B. , PARISH JANE A. , VANN RHONDA C.
Published: March 2015

In the Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics Volume 47 (Number 1), Equations 7 and 10 were published with errors.
Clustering attributed graphs: Models, measures and methods
Authors: BOTHOREL CECILE , CRUZ JUAN DAVID , MAGNANI MATTEO , MICENKOVÁ BARBORA
Published: March 2015

Clustering a graph, i.e., assigning its nodes to groups, is an important operation whose best known application is the discovery of communities in social networks. Graph clustering and community detection have traditionally focused on graphs without attributes, with the notable exception of edge weights. However, these models only provide a partial representation of real social systems, that are thus often described using node attributes, representing features of the actors, and edge attributes, representing different kinds of relationships among them. We refer to these models asattributed graphs. Consequently, existing graph clustering methods have been recently extended to deal with node and edge attributes. This article is a literature survey on this topic, organizing, and presenting recent research results in a uniform way, characterizing the main existing clustering methods and highlighting their conceptual differences. We also cover the important topic of clustering evaluation and identify current open problems.
The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Progress in Supernova Theory and Experiments
Authors: Foglizzo Thierry , Kazeroni Rémi , Guilet Jérôme , Masset Frédéric , González Matthias , Krueger Brendan K. , Novak Jérôme , Oertel Micaela , Margueron Jérôme , Faure Julien , Martin Noël , Blottiau Patrick , Peres Bruno , Durand Gilles
Published: March 2015

The explosion of core-collapse supernova depends on a sequence of events taking place in less than a second in a region of a few hundred kilometers at the centre of a supergiant star, after the stellar core approaches the Chandrasekhar mass and collapses into a proto-neutron star, and before a shock wave is launched across the stellar envelope. Theoretical efforts to understand stellar death focus on the mechanism which transforms the collapse into an explosion. Progress in understanding this mechanism is reviewed with particular attention to its asymmetric character. We highlight a series of successful studies connecting observations of supernova remnants and pulsars properties to the theory of core-collapse using numerical simulations. The encouraging results from first principles models in axisymmetric simulations is tempered by new puzzles in 3D. The diversity of explosion paths and the dependence on the pre-collapse stellar structure is stressed, as well as the need to gain a better understanding of hydrodynamical and MHD instabilities such as standing accretion shock instability and neutrino-driven convection. The shallow water analogy of shock dynamics is presented as a comparative system where buoyancy effects are absent. This dynamical system can be studied numerically and also experimentally with a water fountain. The potential of this complementary research tool for supernova theory is analysed. We also review its potential for public outreach in science museums.
Outcome of facial physiotherapy in patients with prolonged idiopathic facial palsy
Authors: Watson G J , Glover S , Allen S , Irving R M
Published: March 2015

Objective:

This study investigated whether patients who remain symptomatic more than a year following idiopathic facial paralysis gain benefit from tailored facial physiotherapy.

Methods:

A two-year retrospective review was conducted of all symptomatic patients. Data collected included: age, gender, duration of symptoms, Sunnybrook facial grading system scores pre-treatment and at last visit, and duration of treatment.

Results:

The study comprised 22 patients (with a mean age of 50.5 years (range, 22–75 years)) who had been symptomatic for more than a year following idiopathic facial paralysis. The mean duration of symptoms was 45 months (range, 12–240 months). The mean duration of follow up was 10.4 months (range, 2–36 months). Prior to treatment, the mean Sunnybrook facial grading system score was 59 (standard deviation = 3.5); this had increased to 83 (standard deviation = 2.7) at the last visit, with an average improvement in score of 23 (standard deviation = 2.9). This increase was significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Tailored facial therapy can improve facial grading scores in patients who remain symptomatic for prolonged periods.
‘Innocent’ Victims/‘Guilty’ Migrants: Hindi public sphere, caste and indentured women in colonial North India
Authors: GUPTA CHARU
Published: March 2015

This article analyses representations of the indentured woman in the Hindi print-public sphere of colonial north India in the early twentieth century. There have been sophisticated studies on the condition of Indian women in the plantation colonies of the British Empire, this article focuses instead on the vernacular world within India, showing how the transnational movements of these women emigrants led to animated discussions, in which they came to be constructed as both innocent victims and guilty migrants, insiders and outsiders. The ways in which these mobile women came to be represented reveal significant intersections between nation, gender, caste, sexuality, and morality. It also demonstrates how middle-class Indian women attempted to establish bonds of diasporic sisterhood with low-caste indentured women, bonds that were also deeply hierarchical. In addition, the article attempts to grasp the subjective experiences of Dalit migrant, and potentially migrant, women themselves, and illustrates their ambivalences of identity in particularly gendered ways.
OPTIMISTIC BUT FLAWED? A REPLY
Authors: Arroyo Abad Leticia , Van Zanden Jan Luiten
Published: March 2015

Replying to Rafael Dobado-González’s article on living standards in Spanish America during the colonial period, we discuss the methodology and evidence published in Arroyo Abad, Davis, and van Zanden (2012).
UNA DE CAL Y OTRA DE ARENA: BUILDING COMPARABLE REAL WAGES IN A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Allen Robert C. , Murphy Tommy E. , Schneider Eric B.
Published: March 2015

This paper discusses some of the criticisms recently raised by Rafael Dobado-González about our work on real wages in the Americas in the long run. Although addressing a series of issues, Dobado mainly questions our use of the welfare ratio methodology to assess standards of living in colonial Spanish America. In this article we explain how, despite its limitations, this methodology provides a solid, transparent metric to compare economic development across space and time. In particular, welfare ratios present more economically relevant information on living standards than the commodity wages that Dobado prefers (Dobado González and García Montero 2014). We argue that Dobado fails to offer convincing evidence against our findings; hence, we stand by these results, which suggest that the divergence between North and Latin America began early in the colonial period.
MEXICO’S REAL WAGES IN THE AGE OF THE GREAT DIVERGENCE, 1730-1930
Authors: Challú Amílcar E. , Gómez-Galvarriato Aurora
Published: March 2015

This study builds the first internationally comparable index of real wages for Mexico City bridging the 18thand the early 20thcentury. Real wages started out in relatively high international levels in the mid 18thcentury, but declined from the late 1770s on, with some partial and temporal rebounds after the 1810s. After the 1860s, real wages recovered and eventually reached 18th-century levels in the early 20thcentury. Real wages of Mexico City’s workers subsequently fell behind those of high-wage economies to converge with the lower fringes of middle-wage economies. The age of the global Great Divergence was Mexico’s own age of stagnation and decline relative to the world economy.