bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Function of Rab11-Family Interacting Protein 4 in the Development of Preeclampsia and Their Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Sun Guixia , Zhang Yanxia
Published: November 2023

To elucidate the biological function of Rab11-FIP4 in the development of preeclampsia, as well as its clinical significance and underlying mechanism. Relative levels of Rab11-FIP4, IL-6 and TNF-α in placental tissues of PE pregnant women and healthy pregnant women were
detected by qRT-PCR. The correlation between Rab11-FIP4 and IL-6 or TNF-α was assessed by Pearson correlation test. After constructing overexpression lentivirus targeting Rab11-FIP4, its influences on biological characteristics of HTR-8/SVneo cells and expression levels of inflammatory
cytokines were examined. Rab11-FIP4 was highly expressed in placental tissues of PE pregnant women. Overexpression of Rab11-FIP4 enhanced migratory and invasive capacities of trophoblasts, and upregulated inflammatory proteins. Rab11-FIP4 aggravates the development of PE by upregulating inflammatory
proteins, and stimulating migratory and invasive capacities of trophoblasts.
Fabrication and characterization of copper and copper alloys reinforced with graphene
Authors: Bident Antoine , Delange Florence , Labrugere Christine , Debiemme-Chouvy Catherine , Lu Yongfeng , Silvain Jean-François
Published: November 2023

The consistent rise in current density within electrical wires leads to progressively more substantial heat losses attributed to the Joule effect. Consequently, mitigating the electrical resistivity of copper wires becomes imperative. To attain this objective, the development of a composite material that incorporates a more conductive reinforcement, like graphene, holds great promise. The conception of a copper/graphene composite using a powder metallurgy-based approach is presented. An optimum graphene quantity of 0.06 vol.% was obtained by calculation in order to limit the phenomenon of overlapping layers. This synthesis technique enables the dispersion of graphene and the meticulous control of the interface through the growth of CuO(Cu) nanoparticles that are tightly bonded to the reinforcement. The increase in the hardness of the various materials with separation of the graphene sheets by ultrasonic treatment (55.3 to 67.6 HV) was obtained. It is an indicator of the correct distribution of the reinforcement. The influence on the electrical properties of dendritic copper (ρe = 2.30 µΩ.cm) remains limited, resulting in a modest reduction in electrical resistance of around 1.4%. Nevertheless, for flake copper (2.71 µΩ.cm) and brass (7.66 µΩ.cm), we achieved a more substantial reduction of 2.7% and 10%, respectively. With the improvement of graphene quality, there exists a greater potential for further enhancing the electrical properties.
The Smartphone Addiction Measure (SAM): Subscales, Validity, and Reliability
Authors: Bradish Taylor , Locker Lawrence , Ryan Rebecca G. , Wilson Janie H.
Published: November 2023

Dependence on smartphones continues to grow, with young adults showing the highest usage. In fact, reliance on smartphones may indicate a behavioral addiction, a concept gaining interest in both research and clinical practice. However, valid and reliable assessments of smartphone addiction are needed. To this end, we developed the Smartphone Addiction Measure (SAM) with an initial sample (113 participants; 32 males, 81 females) and assessed the validity and reliability of this new measure. Principle components analysis with an additional sample (286 participants; 78 males, 207 females, 1 other) revealed four factors generally associated with addiction, including salience, mood modification, withdrawal, and conflict, thus providing support for the SAM as a valid measure of addictive behavior related to smartphone use. Analyses also revealed good validity and reliability (221 participants; 38 males, 179 females, 4 other) that sufficiently support the SAM as a psychometrically sound assessment for smartphone addiction.
Distance Brings About Beauty: When Does the Influence of Positive Travel Online Reviews Grow Stronger Relative to Negative Reviews?
Authors: Zhang Qin , Su Lujun , Zhou Ling , Dai Yaling
Published: November 2023

Prior research has demonstrated that negative online reviews have a greater impact than positive online reviews on tourists’ purchase decisions. However, building on the construal level theory, this study proposes a new perspective, suggesting that positive online reviews are more influential in distant-future trips, and negative online reviews are more influential in near-future trips. These effects (i) occur because tourists generate experiences of processing fluency from a construal fit between the construal level of reviews with different valence and the temporal distance of tourists’ trips, and (ii) are significant for tourists who are reading reviews on large screen devices, but not for those using small screen devices. This study demonstrates the importance of temporal distance in eliminating the robust negativity bias, offering novel insight into existing research on persuasion. These findings provide new references for tourism enterprises managing the detrimental effects of negative online reviews in multi-screen times.
Excited or Calm? Effects of Endorsers’ Emotions on Tourists’ Impulsive Buying
Authors: Luo Xiaoyan , Liu Xing (Stella) , Wan Lisa C.
Published: November 2023

Given the significant practical value impulsive buying brings to destinations, it has increasingly become a popular topic in tourist behavior research. However, few studies have examined how practitioners can sway tourists to engage in impulsive buying. This paper explores a possible strategy for practitioners by testing the effect of endorsers’ emotions (excitement vs. calmness) on the tourists’ arousal levels and their subsequent impulsive buying. In three experimental studies (including an actual behavioral study), we show that exciting (vs. calm) endorsement causes tourists to feel more aroused, which results in higher impulsive buying, manifested by unplanned purchases in both restaurants (Study 1) and hotels (Study 3), and actual impulsive purchases of special local products (Study 2). Moreover, the effect disappears when the tourists have a limited (vs. expanded) time horizon. Based on these findings, tourism marketers could choose and train endorsers for their products and services promotion accordingly.
ChatGPT for Trip Planning: The Effect of Narrowing Down Options
Authors: Shin Seunghun , Kim Jungkeun , Lee Eunji , Yhee Yerin , Koo Chulmo
Published: November 2023

ChatGPT is expected to have significant implications for trip planning from a traveler’s perspective. ChatGPT has the potential to be a revolutionary search tool, enabling travelers to bypass an often complicated and disturbing process with a simple conversation with ChatGPT. This research aimed to explain the impact of ChatGPT on travelers’ trip planning behavior; specifically, it examined how travelers perceive ChatGPT when they narrow down multiple travel options. Based on the choice overload effect, we conducted five experimental studies to determine the negative effect of reducing options from the initial recommendations using ChatGPT. The results showed the importance of a hybrid decision-making process involving both humans and ChatGPT. Using our empirical results, we provide significant theoretical and practical implications for travelers’ trip planning behavior incorporating ChatGPT.
Association of Complication Rates and Intensive Care Unit Use With Sinonasal and Skull Base Malignancies: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Wu Ce , Yu Longgang , Wang Lin , Yan Xudong , Li Shunke , Wen Junfeng , Jiang Yan
Published: November 2023

Background: Patients with sinonasal and skull base malignancies experience many types of complications after surgery. The intensive care unit (ICU) provides a high level of care for these patients; however, the effect of ICU care on complication rates remains unclear. Methods: Between November 2014 and November 2022, we retrospectively analyzed 151 patients with sinonasal and skull base malignancies. Fifty-six of these patients were admitted to the ICU and 95 were admitted to the non-ICU after surgery. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics. The complication rates of the ICU and non-ICU groups were compared. Results: Before PSM, the complication rate was 28.5%. Patients admitted to the ICU had a higher incidence of medical complications ( P = .032). Orbital injury (n = 9) and diplopia or visual changes (n = 9) were the most common surgical complications, whereas respiratory tract infections (n = 7) were the most common medical complications. After PSM, the incidences of surgical, medical, and all complications in the ICU and non-ICU groups were 23.8% and 19.0% ( P = .791), 16.7% and 9.5% ( P = .520), and 38.1% and 26.2% ( P = .350), respectively. Conclusions: This preliminary study revealed that ICU admission did not reduce the complication rate of patients with sinonasal and skull base malignancies. Further studies are required to validate these findings and clarify the potential role of the ICU.
What Comes First, Acculturation or Adjustment? A Longitudinal Investigation of Integration Versus Mental Resources Hypotheses
Authors: Doucerain Marina M. , Amiot Catherine E. , Jurcik Tomas , Ryder Andrew G.
Published: November 2023

A focal point in the acculturation literature is the so-called “integration hypothesis,” whereby integration (high mainstream cultural engagement and heritage cultural maintenance) is associated with higher psychosocial adjustment, compared to other strategies. Yet, the vast majority of this literature is cross-sectional, raising questions about how best to understand associations between integration and adjustment. Does greater integration lead to greater psychosocial adjustment, as proposed by the integration hypothesis? Or is it the other way around, with more adjustment leading to greater integration, consistent with what we name the “mental resources hypothesis?” This study tests these 2 competing hypotheses in a 4-wave longitudinal study of 278 international students in their first weeks and months in Canada. The results replicate well-documented cross-sectional acculturation-adjustment associations. They also show that baseline adjustment is prospectively associated with later integration and mainstream acculturation, but not vice versa, supporting the mental resources hypothesis but not the integration hypothesis.
Movements to Combat Sex-Trafficking: The Social Construction of a Global Problem and Its Solutions
Authors: Allin Peggy-Jean M. , Thomas George M.
Published: November 2023

In this paper we analyze the international movements against sex-trafficking, identifiable for 150 years. We critically assess actor-centric approaches within IR that assume a tight connection between intentional actors and a singular norm. We build on critical research to develop a cultural institutional approach that focuses on the intertwining of actors and institutions and on how outcomes are loosely coupled from actors’ actions. Several empirical implications are delineated that guide and are assessed by our analysis of the anti-sex-trafficking history. Using the lens of cultural institutionalism, the resulting interpretative history identifies patterns that support the implications and utility of the theory and that actor-centric perspectives have slighted: actors and norms are embedded in institutions, change was multidimensional and repeatedly difficult to label as success or failure, outcomes often were long-term through weak connections, anti-sex-trafficking movements were affected by distinct issue areas, change occurred episodically through institutional workspaces from early conferences, and conventions of the League of Nations to Vienna 1993 and Palermo 2000. We discuss the contributions of our analysis and the implications for critical theories of how a social problem and its solutions are constructed leading to international socio-political change.

Les mouvements de lutte contre la traite à des fins d’exploitation sexuelle : La construction sociale d’un problème mondial et de ses solutions
Kinetics of C-reactive protein during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Lichter Yael , Gal Oz Amir , Carmi Uri , Adi Nimrod , Nini Asaph , Angel Yoel , Nevo Andrey , Aviram Daniel , Moshkovits Itay , Goder Noam , Stavi Dekel
Published: November 2023

Background:

The exposure of blood to the artificial circuit during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can induce an inflammatory response. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly used biomarker of systemic inflammation.

Methods:

In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed results of daily plasma CRP measurements in 110 critically ill patients, treated with ECMO. We compared CRP levels during the first 5 days of ECMO operation, between different groups of patients according to ECMO configurations, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status, and mechanical ventilation parameters.

Results:

There was a statistically significant decrease in CRP levels during the first 5 days of veno-venous (VV) ECMO (173 ± 111 mg/L, 154 ± 107 mg/L, 127 ± 97 mg/L, 114 ± 100 mg/L and 118 ± 90 mg/L for days 1–5 respectively, p < 0.001). Simultaneously, there was a significant reduction in ventilatory parameters, as represented by the mechanical power (MP) calculation, from 24.02 ± 14.53 J/min to 6.18 ± 4.22 J/min within 3 h of VV ECMO initiation ( p < 0.001). There was non-significant trend of increase in CRP level during the first 5 days of veno arterial (VA) ECMO (123 ± 80 mg/L, 179 ± 91 mg/L, 203 ± 90 mg/L, 179 ± 95 mg/L and 198 ± 93 for days 1–5 respectively, p = 0.126) and no significant change in calculated MP (from 14.28 ± 8.56 J/min to 10.81 ± 8.09 J/min within 3 h if ECMO initiation, p = 0.071).

Conclusions:

We observed a significant decrease in CRP levels during the first 5 days of VV ECMO support, and suggest that the concomitant reduction in ventilatory MP may have mitigated the degree of alveolar stress and strain that could have contributed to a decrease in the systemic inflammatory process.
Assessment of Self-Regulation at School Entry: A Literature Review of Existing Screening Tools and Suitability for the Aotearoa New Zealand Context
Authors: Barrett-Young Ashleigh , Martin Rachel , Clifford Amanda E. , Schaughency Elizabeth , McLauchlan Jimmy , Healey Dione
Published: November 2023

This literature review investigates tools used to assess self-regulation at school entry and to inform recommendations for use in Aotearoa New Zealand. We were particularly interested in identifying self-regulation screening tools that had been developed from Indigenous frameworks to enhance likelihood of culturally empowering assessment. APA PsycInfo and Clarivate Web of Science databases were searched for articles on self-regulation screening at school entry. Screening tools were included if they met the following criteria: available in English or te reo Māori (the two predominant written languages of Aotearoa New Zealand); appropriate for children aged 5–6 years; and focus on self-regulation or contain a component assessing self-regulation. 39 screening tools which met the criteria were identified. Overall, most tools were developed from a Euro-American perspective and many were deficit- and/or clinically-focused. Issues with translating screening tools to other cultures are discussed, specifically in the context of Aotearoa New Zealand.
Did Leadership Become More Important During COVID-19? A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance and Work-Life Balance Satisfaction in a Public Organization
Authors: Metselaar Samantha A. , Klijn Erik Hans , den Dulk Laura , Vermeeren Brenda
Published: November 2023

In this article we raise the question whether servant leadership became more important for performance and work-life balance satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two alternative hypotheses are formulated stating that on the one hand the impact of servant leadership may have increased during COVID-19 as servant leadership can help in dealing with a crisis. On the other hand, it may have become more difficult to express leadership behaviors when leaders and employees are physically distanced from one another. A longitudinal approach was taken to examine the role of servant leadership in relation to the performance and work-life balance satisfaction, comparing the situation before and during the pandemic. Panel data was collected in a Dutch government organization ( N = 293). Results indicate that there was a decrease in the amount of servant leadership experienced by employees, however its impact remained in times where leaders and employees were confined to their homes.
Radiation processing of bacterial cellulose-monolaurin wound dressing: Physicochemical effects, functional analysis, and sterilization
Authors: Tranquilan-Aranilla Charito , Flores Jeric , Gallardo Alvin Kier , Abrera Gina , Pares Franklin
Published: November 2023

A commercial bacterial cellulose-monolaurin wound dressing was investigated for changes in the chemical structure, mechanical strength, thermal degradation, morphology, and functional swelling properties after exposure to gamma and electron beam radiations at doses 15-50 kGy. Radiation-induced oxidation occurred as seen in the FT-IR peaks at 1720-1750 cm−1. Degradation of the cellulosic network was observed in tensile strength reduction and shift in degradation temperature to lower values. The SEM cross-section images of the irradiated dressings revealed a less dense nanostructure network compared to the non-irradiated samples while the XRD diffractograms indicated a change in lattice direction/plane. Despite these changes, irradiation caused no significant effect on the functional properties especially at 15-25 kGy doses where most biomedical devices are sterilized. All irradiated wound dressings exhibited physical integrity, increased exudate absorption, and water vapor transmission rate - properties beneficial to wound-healing functionality. The pre-selected sterilization dose of 15 kGy for each ionizing radiation was successfully verified and substantiated following ISO 11137-2:2016, hence ionizing radiation is a suitable sterilization modality for the product.
Assessing atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections between the eastern and western Mediterranean over the past 8000 years
Authors: Houedec Sandrine Le , Liebrand Diederik , Hennekam Rick , Mojtahid Meryem
Published: November 2023

Holocene climate records from the Mediterranean are marked by pervasive millennial to centennial-scale climate variability. Here, we investigate East-West Mediterranean atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections by computing phase-relationships between oxygen isotope (δ18O) records generated on Soreq (East) and Chorchia (West) spelaeothems, as well as between δ18O and carbon isotope (δ13C) records from planktonic and benthic foraminifera from core PS009PC (East, Levantin Basin), ODP Site 963D (Central, Sicily Strait), and core KESC9-14 (West, Ligurian Basin). These marine sites are all located at intermediate water depths (560–460 m depth). Hence, the benthic foraminiferal δ18O records reflect mainly the intermediate ocean temperature/δ18O of the water mass, and the benthic δ13C is a proxy for the intensity of water flowing at the studied depth called Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW). For both western and eastern cores, the planktonic stable isotopic records reflect the climate-induced activity of the nearby river system. We find broadly in-phase relationships between the spelaeothem δ18O records and between the planktonic δ18O and δ13C records at most multi-centennial and millennial periodicities. This is indicative of closely linked (hydro-) climatic conditions in Southern Europe, the Levant, and North Africa over the last 8000 years. Conversely, at intermediate water depths, we find a distinct out-of-phase relationship between the East/Central and West Mediterranean benthic δ18O and δ13C records at 1000–2000 years periodicities. We interpret this see-saw pattern as indicative of a persistent regional influence of LIW on oceanographic conditions in the intermediate depths of the eastern basin. Conversely, we suggest a strong influence of the modified Atlantic Ocean inflow (MAW) in the intermediate water formation in the Western Mediterranean (‘Winter Intermediate Water’; WIW). This WIW overprints, at least partially, the LIW signal that reaches the western Mediterranean causing the out-of-phase relationship between the east and the west oceanographic signals at intermediate depths.
The staircase cluster randomised trial design: A pragmatic alternative to the stepped wedge
Authors: Grantham Kelsey L , Forbes Andrew B , Hooper Richard , Kasza Jessica
Published: November 2023

This article introduces the ‘staircase’ design, derived from the zigzag pattern of steps along the diagonal of a stepped wedge design schematic where clusters switch from control to intervention conditions. Unlike a complete stepped wedge design where all participating clusters must collect and provide data for the entire trial duration, clusters in a staircase design are only required to be involved and collect data for a limited number of pre- and post-switch periods. This could alleviate some of the burden on participating clusters, encouraging involvement in the trial and reducing the likelihood of attrition. Staircase designs are already being implemented, although in the absence of a dedicated methodology, approaches to sample size and power calculations have been inconsistent. We provide expressions for the variance of the treatment effect estimator when a linear mixed model for an outcome is assumed for the analysis of staircase designs in order to enable appropriate sample size and power calculations. These include explicit variance expressions for basic staircase designs with one pre- and one post-switch measurement period. We show how the variance of the treatment effect estimator is related to key design parameters and demonstrate power calculations for examples based on a real trial.
Impulse Purchase Intention in an AI-mediated Retail Environment: Extending the TAM with Attitudes Towards Technology and Innovativeness
Authors: Arachchi H. A. Dimuthu Maduranga , Samarasinghe G. D.
Published: November 2023

Researchers and retailers alike need to know how customers feel about artificial intelligence (AI)-driven technologies in the light of the increasing number of retail-tech hybrids driven by AI. The current research set out to gauge interest in and willingness to buy an AI-powered product in a retail environment. Determinants related to AI-based customer attitude and impulse purchase intention were theorised by drawing from the literature. The model was empirically tested with structured questionnaires using a representative sample of 354 customers chosen from the modern-trade retail industry in Sri Lanka. The findings suggest that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use related to AI and attitudes towards technology significantly and positively impact the impulse purchase intention. Interestingly, consumer innovativeness strengthens the relationship between attitudes towards AI and impulse purchase intention, but does not influence the relationship between attitudes towards technology and impulse purchase intention. The study provides theoretical and practical insights for scholars and retail marketers.
The contribution of Grigore L. Trancu-Iasi to the evolution of accounting theory, practice and profession in Romania
Authors: Rangone Adalberto , Ionescu-Feleaga Liliana , Bunea Mariana , Sargiacomo Massimo
Published: November 2023

This article seeks to portray Grigore Trancu-Iasi (1874–1940) as a versatile figure in academic, professional and political fields. It shows the fundamental role played by Trancu-Iasi as a key actor in the evolution of accounting theory, practice and profession in Romania in the context of accounting knowledge transfer from the different Italian schools of thought to Romania. The analysis highlights not only his contribution to the dissemination of doctrines on bankruptcy, double-entry bookkeeping and the functioning of the azienda (firm) but also his pivotal role in the synthesis of the various Italian schools of thought, which were conflicting at the time. Trancu-Iasi translated and adapted bankruptcy studies carried out by Italian scholars from different schools of thought. For instance, he referred to the study of the logismographic method Tuscan School and the subsequent asset-centred accounting system promoted by the Venetian School, and the studies on the azienda presented by different Italian schools. Therefore, in this article, Trancu-Iasi emerges as an outstanding interpreter of the new trends in Italian accounting theory and of the needs of an entire professional group in Romania.
“Somewhere Between an Actual Disease and a Disease”: A Grounded Theory Study on Diagnosing Functional Neurological Disorders From a Multi-Informant Perspective
Authors: Sireci Francesca , Moretti Valentina , Cavallieri Francesco , Ferrari Silvia , Minardi Valentina , Ferrari Francesca , Balestra Giulietta Luul , Ghirotto Luca , Valzania Franco
Published: November 2023

Functional Neurological Disorders are characterized by sensory-motor or cognitive symptoms. Recent research has revealed their complex nature involving biological, psychological, and social factors. Care requires a multidisciplinary approach, which, to date, has yet to be considered. A Constructivist Grounded Theory study was conducted to understand the reasons behind this, exploring Functional Neurological Disorders diagnosis, communication, and understanding from multiple perspectives (patients and healthcare professionals). The core category was “negotiating Functional Neurological Disorders meanings and care amid a dissatisfying dichotomy,” with sub-categories: i) seeking to “word” the disease, ii) exposing reductionism, and iii) a pluralist vision emerging. Diagnosing and communicating Functional Neurological Disorders is a process of negotiating meanings and care that hinges on participants’ diverse ontological perspectives regarding the condition. Results highlight the difficulty in finding common ground and achieving mutual understanding among the various viewpoints, creating a challenge in establishing a unified approach to Functional Neurological Disorders care. In this context, only a few healthcare professionals emphasized the potential benefits of increased integration. A shift is required from a reductionist to an integrated biopsychosocial perspective to develop a more cohesive approach. Defining a medical paradigm through dialogue with teams and patients is essential in addressing Functional Neurological Disorders effectively. Furthermore, the required interdisciplinary approach holds the potential to mitigate the dissatisfaction arising from fragmented and compartmentalized care (the “dissatisfying dichotomy”) experienced by our participants. It signifies a comprehensive strategy that could address the concerns of all involved parties and enhance the overall quality of care provided.
A Multilevel Analysis of School-Level Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage in Virginia
Authors: McNally Kimberly , Weinstein Ali , Lindley Lisa , Wallin Robin , Roess Amira
Published: November 2023

School nurses improve public health through vaccine promotion and mandate compliance. Despite recommendations and support for comprehensive adolescent HPV vaccination from organizations like the National Association of School Nurses as of 2023 only Virginia, Washington DC, Rhode Island, and Hawaii mandate HPV vaccine in schools. Virginia's mandate allows caregivers to opt out of vaccination. It is important to consider how school-level vaccine compliance is associated with school and community factors. A multilevel analysis explored the association between school and county-level factors and HPV vaccination rates. This study shows schools that report higher rates of economically disadvantaged students had higher HPV vaccine coverage. HPV vaccine rates increased from 2019 to 2021 after the implementation of a gender-inclusive mandate. Virginia HPV rates still lag behind states with no mandate. The results suggest that school nursing practice related to HPV vaccine compliance may be impacted by community factors like economic status.
A Prospective Study of an Early Prediction Model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Wanyue , Huang Shixiong , Chen Zhuoming
Published: November 2023

Objective:

To explore the relationship between the Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in China, and the application value of PSQ questionnaire.

Method:

Two hundred two children aged 3 to 14 years were enrolled in this study. Statistical methods were used to screen characteristic factors and explore the relationship between PSQ items and ADHD. Machine learning algorithms were used to evaluate the clinical application value of PSQ in screening ADHD.

Results:

By Mean-Whitney U test, LASSO regression and decision tree, 44, 24 and 12 items were screened out from PSQ with high correlation with ADHD. Then the above items were classified, and the accuracy reached more than 90%. Moreover, the items of ADHD hyperactivity index of PSQ under artificial intelligence algorithm are different from those of PSQ.

Conclusion:

There are some differences in the items of hyperactivity index between the PSQ and ADHD in China. The artificial intelligence algorithm model of ADHD children based on PSQ scale has a high accuracy.
A Note on the Preferences of Sports Fans: Partisanship Versus Uncertainty of Outcome
Authors: Miceli Thomas J.
Published: November 2023

Since its inception, a core principle of sports economics has been the claim that fans desire balanced competition—the so-called Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis (UOH). While this idea has intuitive appeal, it runs counter to the equally obvious importance of partisanship in shaping fan interest in sporting contests. The absence of a well-accepted theoretical basis for the UOH, coupled with a lack of compelling empirical evidence in support of it, suggests important gaps in the literature. This paper takes a step toward addressing the former need by offering a contest utility function, based on standard Cobb-Douglas preferences, which embodies both partisanship and a demand for competitive balance. The model is used to derive a willingness-to-pay function for game tickets and an expression for aggregate attendance. Findings from the empirical literature are discussed in light of the analysis.
Toward the future of firefighter gear: Assessing fluorinated and non-fluorinated outer shells following simulated on-the-job exposures
Authors: Mazumder Nur-Us-Shafa , Lu Jingtian , Hall Andrew Stephen , Kasebi Arash , Girase Arjunsing , Masoud Farzaneh , Stull Jeffrey O. , Ormond R. Bryan
Published: November 2023

In 2022, the occupation of firefighting was categorized as a “Group 1” carcinogen, meaning it is known to be carcinogenic to humans. The personal protective equipment that structural firefighters wear is designed to safeguard them from thermal, physical, and chemical hazards while maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. Typically, the outer layer of structural turnout gear is finished with a durable water and oil-repellent (DWR) based on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that helps limit exposure to water and hazardous liquids. The PFAS-based aqueous emulsion typically used in DWR finishes is highly persistent and can cause various health problems if absorbed into the body through ingestion, inhalation, and/or dermal absorption. In response, the U.S. Fire Service has begun using non-PFAS water repellants in firefighter turnout gear. This study aims to evaluate the performance of both traditional PFAS-based and alternative non-PFAS outer shell materials. The study involved exposing both PFAS-based and non-PFAS DWR outer shell materials in turnout composites to simulated job exposures (i.e., weathering, thermal exposure, and laundering) that artificially aged the materials. After exposures, samples were evaluated for repellency, durability, thermal protection, and surface chemistry analysis to determine any potential performance trade-offs that may exist. Non-PFAS outer shell fabrics were found not to be diesel/oil-repellent, posing a potential flammability hazard if exposed to diesel and subsequent flame on an emergency response. Both PFAS-based and non-PFAS sets of fabrics performed similarly in terms of thermal protective performance, tearing strength, and water repellency. The surface analysis suggests that both PFAS and non-PFAS chemistries can degrade and shed from fabrics during the aging process. The study indicates that firefighters should be educated and trained regarding the potential performance trade-offs, such as oil absorption and flammability concerns when transitioning to non-PFAS outer shell materials.
Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) inhibitor development: A 10-year chemical perspective
Authors: Bertonha Ariane F , Silva Caio C L , Shirakawa Karina T , Trindade Daniel M , Dessen Andréa
Published: November 2023

Bacterial cell wall formation is essential for cellular survival and morphogenesis. The peptidoglycan (PG), a heteropolymer that surrounds the bacterial membrane, is a key component of the cell wall, and its multistep biosynthetic process is an attractive antibacterial development target. Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are responsible for cross-linking PG stem peptides, and their central role in bacterial cell wall synthesis has made them the target of successful antibiotics, including β-lactams, that have been used worldwide for decades. Following the discovery of penicillin, several other compounds with antibiotic activity have been discovered and, since then, have saved millions of lives. However, since pathogens inevitably become resistant to antibiotics, the search for new active compounds is continuous. The present review highlights the ongoing development of inhibitors acting mainly in the transpeptidase domain of PBPs with potential therapeutic applications for the development of new antibiotic agents. Both the critical aspects of the strategy, design, and structure–activity relationships (SAR) are discussed, covering the main published articles over the last 10 years. Some of the molecules described display activities against main bacterial pathogens and could open avenues toward the development of new, efficient antibacterial drugs.
Food insecurity and glycemic goals among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Massey McKayla , Stewart Morgan P , LaManna Jacqueline B , Park Chanhyun , Ng Boon Peng
Published: November 2023

Objective

To examine the association between food insecurity and achieving glycemic goals among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This study analyzed the nationally representative 2019 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey of 1340 beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes. The binary dependent variable was whether beneficiaries’ blood glucose was at target (A1C ≤ 7.5% or average fasting blood glucose of ≤140 mg/dL, all/most of the time). Food insecurity, a binary variable, was adapted based on the USDA's food security questions. A survey-weighted multivariable logistic model, adjusted for sociodemographics and comorbidities, was conducted to estimate predictive margins for comparing prevalence of having above-target blood glucose levels across groups.

Results

Of study beneficiaries, 20.9% reported not achieving glycemic targets. The predictive marginal prevalence of having higher than target blood glucose levels was significantly greater in females over males (23.8% [95% confidence interval [CI], 20.1–27.4] vs 17.6% [14.3–20.9]); those with less than high school education over those with college education (31.0% [23.6–38.3] vs 18.6% [14.8–22.3]); and those reporting food insecurity over their counterparts (33.4% [24.5–42.3] vs 19.1% [16.6–21.7]).

Conclusions

Sociodemographic disparities related to achieving blood glucose goals were observed. Screening for food insecurity and related interventions should be considered for at-risk beneficiaries with diabetes.
The effectiveness of restorative justice programs: A meta-analysis of recidivism and other relevant outcomes
Authors: Fulham Lindsay , Blais Julie , Rugge Tanya , Schultheis Elizabeth A
Published: November 2023

Restorative justice is an alternative approach to traditional legal system programming that focuses on repairing harm and enhancing client accountability. Despite the proliferation of restorative justice programs, research suggests that their effectiveness depends on various factors such as program type and methodological quality of the studies. The goal of this study was to synthesize the research on the effects of restorative justice in reducing recidivism as well as improving other outcomes for male and female adult clients. Information from 27 studies examining 34 unique samples was included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that restorative justice programs were associated with significant and small reductions in general recidivism but not violent recidivism. In addition, restorative justice programs resulted in greater victim and client satisfaction, victims’ views of procedural justice, and client accountability compared to traditional legal system approaches. There were significant sample, study, and program moderators that influenced the effects of restorative justice in reducing recidivism outcomes. Taken together, the results over the past 40 years of research provide minimal support for the effectiveness of restorative justice programs in reducing recidivism overall and highlight the importance of considering moderating factors when evaluating and improving the effectiveness of restorative justice programs. Notably, this meta-analysis clearly demonstrates restorative justice’s effectiveness in improving other relevant outcomes for clients and victims.
Recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Baig Dr Hana , Inamul Ahmed Dr Mohammed , Begum Dr Polly
Published: November 2023

Pregnancy loss, or miscarriage, is defined as the spontaneous demise of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches viability. In practice, this encompasses all losses from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Sporadic miscarriages are a common complication of early pregnancy and typically occur during the first trimester with an incidence of 10–50% in patients aged 20–45 years. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is less common and affects approximately 1% of couples. There is much uncertainty surrounding RPL. Patients are uncertain about the cause of miscarriages, the investigations and treatments available and how to access these services. Healthcare providers are uncertain about which investigations can positively impact future pregnancies and how to improve the chances of a successful pregnancy. Across the UK, the management of RPL varies significantly, due to contradictory and varying national and international guidelines.
The Roots of Social Trauma: Collective, Cultural Pain and Its Consequences
Authors: Abrutyn Seth
Published: November 2023

Since Kai Erikson’s landmark study of the devastation of five communities in West Virginia, sociology has leveraged the concept of trauma to describe certain social phenomena. Collective trauma came to refer to the destruction of social infrastructure and the ensuing negative mental health outcomes, while cultural trauma has come to describe the imposition of historical and ongoing attacks by a dominant group on the culture (broadly defined) of a group of people sharing a collective identity. The following article sketches out a theory of social trauma designed to bring these two types of sociological trauma together, highlight their similarities and differences, and unite them by grounding them in the neuroscience of (social) pain. The term trauma, borrowed from medical and psychological study, implies pain, but the sociological version of trauma is best understood as the collectivization and enculturation of social pain, or the evolved negative affective response to separation, rejection, exclusion, and isolation from cherished social objects including statuses. The article concludes by modeling the process by which an event transforms individual social pain into collective social trauma as well as the pathways through which social trauma becomes enculturated in a collective identity. Implications for the sociology of mental health follow.
How Does Emissions Trading Affect the Efficiency of Enterprise Resource Allocation? Evidence From China
Authors: Zhou Bing , Zhang Gong , Bi Shulei
Published: November 2023

Emission trading policies can provide environmental incentives for businesses, leading to a reduction in pollution emissions and promoting sustainable environmental development. Previous research indicated the significant impact of market-based environmental regulations on emission reduction by businesses, however, there is a lack of in-depth examination from the perspective of overall corporate management efficiency. In this study, we conducted research using the 2007 SO2 emission trading pilot program as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the mechanisms and effects of emission trading systems on corporate resource allocation efficiency. The study found that the implementation of emission trading systems significantly improves corporate resource allocation efficiency. Furthermore, through market regulation and administrative supervision mechanisms, corporate resource allocation efficiency can be further enhanced. However, emission trading systems have heterogeneous effects on resource allocation efficiency, with a stronger promotion effect on optimizing resource allocation in cases of greater financing constraints and higher levels of corporate governance. This study provides important policy insights for further promoting market-based environmental regulation reforms and improving corporate resource allocation efficiency.
Juhapura: The Making of a Muslim Ghetto in Ahmedabad
Authors: Menon Shailaja , Joji Jestin
Published: November 2023

Ahmedabad, founded by Sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411, is the commercial capital of Gujarat and home to pharmaceuticals, construction and textiles industries. It was also known as Manchester of the East because of the thriving textile industries. Underneath this economic growth story lies a city that has been affected by several instances of communal violence since 1947. Post-independence, the city has recorded four major events of communal violence: in 1969, 1985, 1991 and 2002 ( Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI, 2007 , p. 49). As migration ensued as a result of repeated instances of communal violence, Ahmedabad came to acquire the characteristics of a segregated city with a distinct Muslim Ghetto-Juhapura. This article focuses on the increasing ghettoisation of the city and the legal provisions of the state, which have also contributed to the process of segregation.
Long-term risk-factor control and secondary prevention are insufficient after first TIA: Results from QregPV
Authors: Bager Johan-Emil , Jood Katarina , Nordanstig Annika , Andersson Tobias , Nåtman Jonatan , Hjerpe Per , Rosengren Annika , Mourtzinis Georgios
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Long-term risk-factor control and secondary prevention are not well characterized in patients with a first transient ischemic attack (TIA). With baseline levels as reference, we compared primary-care data on blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), smoking, and use of antihypertensives, statins and antiplatelet treatment/oral anticoagulation (APT/OAC) during 5 years after a first TIA.

Patients and methods:

Patients in QregPV, a Swedish primary-care register for the Region of Västra Götaland, with a first TIA discharge diagnosis from wards proficient in stroke care 2010 to 2012 were identified and followed up to 5 years. BP, LDL-C, smoking, use of antihypertensives, statins, APT/OAC, and achievement of target levels were calculated. We used logistic mixed-effect models to analyze the effect of follow-up over time on risk-factor control and secondary prevention treatment.

Results:

We identified 942 patients without prior cerebrovascular disease who had a first TIA. Compared to baseline, the first year of follow-up was associated with improvements in concomitant attainment of BP <140/90 mmHg, LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L and non-smoking, which rose from 20% to 33% (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.38–3.13), but then stagnated in years 2–5. In the first year of follow-up, 47% of patients had complete secondary prevention treatment (antihypertensives, APT/OAC and statin), but continued follow-up was associated with a yearly decrease in secondary prevention treatment (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.94–0.98).

Conclusion:

Risk-factor control was inadequate, leaving considerable potential for improved secondary prevention treatment after a first TIA in Swedish patients followed up to 5 years.
Factors associated with living will among older persons receiving long-term care in Finland
Authors: Andreasen Paula , Forma Leena , Pietilä Ilkka
Published: November 2023

Background:

A living will document is known to be an important tool for preparing for future care together with healthcare professionals. A living will supports an older person’s self-determination and autonomy. Only a few studies have approached the underlying factors of a living will document among older long-term care recipients.

Objectives:

To explore how common having a living will was among older persons receiving home care or round-the-clock long-term care, as well as to evaluate associations between socio-demographical factors and functional capacity with a living will.

Design:

The study population consisted of older persons receiving long-term care in Finland in 2016–2017. Data were collected via individual assessments at home or at a care facility. The questions in the assessment covered health, functional capacity, service use, and social support.

Methods:

Primary outcome ‘living will’ and associated factors were identified for each person aged 65 or older from RAI-assessment data (Resident Assessment Instrument, RAI). Cross-tabulations with χ²-tests and adjusted binary logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association between the factors and a living will.

Results:

Of the 10,178 participants, 21% had a living will – a greater proportion were female (22%) than male (18%), and a greater proportion of residents in assisted living (25%) and residential care homes (20%) compared with home care residents (15%) had a living will. Female gender ( p < 0.001), having a proxy decision-maker ( p = 0.001), increasing age ( p = 0.003), impairing functional capacity (activities of daily living hierarchy p < 0.001, Cognitive Performance Scale p < 0.001), instability of health status (Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease and Signs and Symptoms p < 0.001), and closeness of death ( p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a living will among older persons. Extensive differences in results were found between home care clients and clients of round-the-clock long-term care.

Conclusion:

Preparedness for the future with a living will varies according to services and on individual level. To reduce inequalities in end-of-life care, actions for advance care planning with appropriate timing are warranted.