bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can a Greenhouse Be Established on Mars?
Authors: Schlehahn Danielle , Boudreau Alyssa , Barber Braden , Kowalchuk Braden , Langman Brette , Worobec Jason
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the potential of establishing a greenhouse on Mars. In order to sustain a greenhouse on Mars, the variables that must be considered are water, soil, atmosphere, light, temperature, design, and plants. Water is present on Mars in the form of ice in frozen soil. Water extraction can be achieved by heating, microwaves, or humidifier type devices. The water that is extracted is highly salty. However, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or biological treatments can be used to treat the water. By using an underground irrigation system, this water can be applied directly to plant roots. Soil is readily available on Mars, and, with the exception of reactive nitrogen, this soil contains the nutrients required for plant growth. Nitrogen fixers, such as Cyanobacteria, can convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into reactive nitrogen. This reactive nitrogen can be directly applied to the plants. The atmosphere of Mars contains 95.32% Carbon Dioxide, 2.7% Nitrogen, 1.6% Argon, 0.13% Oxygen and 0.08% Carbon Monoxide. Mars' atmosphere is very thin so it has difficulty capturing solar energy, but this difficulty can be overcome by creating more greenhouse gases on the planet via thawing the poles using orbital mirrors, creating greenhouse gas factories, or smashing ammonia heavy asteroids into the planet. Artificial light can also be used to supply solar energy. Temperatures on Mars fluctuate between 35 to -­ 90 degrees Celsius, depending on the season. To overcome these large fluctuations, a radioisotope heater can be used to maintain temperatures within the greenhouse between the ideal 0 -­ 40 degrees Celsius. Robots or humans can set up and maintain the greenhouse. Plants that are to be grown in a greenhouse on Mars must be able to sustain human life by providing the proper nutrients. These include soybeans, spinach, mushrooms, wheat, Spirulina platensis (cyanobacteria supplementation) and seaweed. Ultimately, this research suggests that building and maintaining a Martian greenhouse may be feasible in the future by utilizing a number of techniques and technologies.
ДУХОВНІСТЬ: СУТНІСТЬ, ІСТОРИЧНІ ВИТОКИ ТА СУЧАСНИЙ ВИМІР
Authors: Проценко О. П. , Солошенко О. М.
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, the problem of spirituality remains relevant and significant for socio-humanitarian knowledge, both in scientific-theoretical and in applied dimension. There are still open questions related to the morphology of the phenomenon of spirituality, its indicators in the real activity of individuals and the expansion of the axiosphere of modern society.On the basis of the development of the problem of spirituality within the boundaries of philosophical knowledge, as well as the use of basic methods of philosophical analysis, the goal of the article is to analyze the axiological orientation of spirituality and, based on the essential characteristics of this phenomenon, to predict structural changes in the strategy of modern higher education.It is indicated that spirituality is prefaced by the activity of consciousness, the ability of a person to reflect, which makes it possible to remain an individual, being among others.Spirituality, as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, as a unique manifestation of human existence, exists on three levels. The first is rational. It is an information and intellectual resource, where knowledge about the world around us and the place of the person in it is generalized. The second level – emotional, contains a complex of feelings and experiences; and the third – a communicative level, summarizes skills, behavioral stereotypes, norms of actions and deeds, due to which social interaction is carried out.It is noted that the origins of the spiritual culture go back into the epoch of the early Middle Ages, when the biblical commandments and teachings were regarded as those that should be implemented. They pointed to the laudable traits of character and actions, which even now are a sign of a high spiritual culture of a person: modesty, prudence, restraint, hard work, etc. With the spread of the biblical texts, the commandments and instructions acquired further verbal design, partially or completely losing religious content, becoming universal methods of communication and indicators of the spiritual culture of modern man. At present, they affect the adaptation of man to society, the forms of upbringing, education and enlightenment.It is noted that the strategy of higher education in Ukraine is based on the priorities of historical memory, aimed at preserving the spiritual values of the Ukrainians. It is noted that in this complex process of tradition, they are constantly transmitted, innovations are transformed into traditions, acquiring sustainability, accumulating in themselves the needs, interests and values of people.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ СТУДЕНТІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ЗВО З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЗРІЛОСТІ
Authors: Калайтан Н. Л. , Макаренко А. О. , Старовойт Т. П.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of psychological maturity of the individual. The basic theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of maturity of the person are considered.The concept of «maturity» correlates with the study of existential aspects of human life and is considered from the point of view of its significance for society. In the course of ontogeny, maturity acts as a criterion and a condition for the successful development of various social roles, statuses, biological and socially determined functions. Psychological maturity is defined in the narrow sense as an indicator of the work of sensory, mnemonic and intellectual functions of a person; in the broad sense – as a period of conscious regulation by a person of his own behavior, which involves the realization of man as a person.There are two main approaches to understanding the structure of psychological maturity of the individual. According to the first approach, the concept of mature personality can be described by such properties as synergy, autonomy, responsibility, contact, self-acceptance, decentralization, tolerance, depth of experiences, life philosophy and creativity. According to the second approach, the structural model of the person’s psychological maturity, which consists of cognitive, motivational and behavioral components, is considered. Formation of conditions for psychological maturity is an important task for mental development in youth.The article presents the results of studying the features of emotional sphere of students with different levels of psychological maturity. In the group of boys and girls with a high level of psychological maturity, emotional profiles dominated the emotions of interest and joy. Moderate levels of personal anxiety and reactive anxiety were diagnosed. Indicators of aggressiveness and hostility are slightly higher than average values. The dominant man infestation of aggression is a verbal form. Sufficient development of emotional intelligence for students with a high level of psychological maturity is revealed.In boys and girls with a low level of psychological maturity, the main emotions were interest, joy and shame. High levels of personal anxiety and reactive anxiety are revealed, as well as the general level of aggressiveness. The results of the study of emotional intelligence indicate low values for all scales, which in sum form the low integrative values.At a high level of psychological maturity, boys and girls are characterized by a higher level of cognitive activity, emotional stability, and developed emotional intelligence. On the contrary, boys and girls with a low level of psychological maturity are more likely to prevail in the emotional profile of negative emotional experiences, anxiety, negativism and self-inducing reactions.
Neural processor in artificial intelligence advancement
Authors: Mitra Manu
Published: October 2018

A neuron network is a computational model based on structure and functions of biological neural networks. Information that flows through the network affects the structure of the neuron network because neural network changes-or learns, in a sense-based on that input and output. Although neural network being highly complex (for example change of weights for every new data within the time frame) an experimental model of high level architecture of neural processor is proposed. Neural Processor performs all the functions that an ordinary neural network does like adaptive learning, self-organization, real time operations and fault tolerance. In this paper, analysis of neural processing is discussed and presented with experiments, graphical representation including data analysis.
A Perspective of Conventional and Bio-inspired Optimization Techniques in Maximum Likelihood Parameter Estimation
Authors: Lu Yongzhong , Zhou Min , Chen Shiping , Levy David , You Jicheng
Published: October 2018

Maximum likelihood estimation is a method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model in statistics. It has been widely used in a good many multi-disciplines such as econometrics, data modelling in nuclear and particle physics, and geographical satellite image classification, and so forth. Over the past decade, although many conventional numerical approximation approaches have been most successfully developed to solve the problems of maximum likelihood parameter estimation, bio-inspired optimization techniques have shown promising performance and gained an incredible recognition as an attractive solution to such problems. This review paper attempts to offer a comprehensive perspective of conventional and bio-inspired optimization techniques in maximum likelihood parameter estimation so as to highlight the challenges and key issues and encourage the researches for further progress.
KOMPRES JAHE MERAH BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PENURUNAN SKALA NYERI OSTEOARTRITIS PADA LANJUT USIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KAMPUNG DELIMA TAHUN 2016
Authors: Farizal Jon , Mulyati Leli , Susiwati Susiwati
Published: October 2018

Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic, slowly progressive walking, not inflamed, and ischaracterized by deterioration and abrasion of articular cartilage and the formation of newbone at the joint surface. Osteoarthritis cause various health problems that decrease theability of physiological, psychological change, economic and social. Physiological problemsin elderly with osteoarthritis is pain. One of the plants used as herbal medicine to reduce thepain of osteoarthritis is the rhizome of the plant red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe).Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger compress to decreaseosteoarthritis pain scale in the elderly at District Puskesmas Kampung Delima 2016.Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design with one-group pre-posttest design, thestudy samples study is 36 respondents by purposive sampling technique. All respondents weregiven ginger compress one time for ± 20 minutes. Pain scale measurements carried outbefore and after ginger compress. Test used is dependent t-test. Results: The result of analysisused a dependent t-test showed that a mean difference of osteoarthritis pain scale before andafter ginger compress 1,72 + 0,741 with ρ=0.000 (ρ<0.05). This show that ginger compressaffects scale of osteoarthritis pain in elderly. Conclusions : For health workers to providehealth education on therapeutic use of herbal compress of ginger in relieving osteoarthritispain.
Range Of Motion (ROM) Spherical Grip dapat Meningkatkan Kekuatan Otot Ekstremitas Atas Pasien Stroke
Authors: Anggraini Gina Dwi , Septiyanti Septiyanti , Dahrizal Dahrizal
Published: October 2018

Stroke is lost brain function caused by stop his blood supply to the brain. As a result of the disruption of oxygen to the brain needs can occur the clinical manifestations included the weakness of some or all of the body limbs, one of over ekstremities so that the patient could not doing the activity because of the limbs weakness and they needs exercise for preveting disability. Objective is Know the effect of Range Of Motion (ROM) Spherical Grip on muscle strenght of upper extremity on stroke patients. The research used quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest with control group. The population in this study is all stroke patients in the neurological specialist RSUD dr. M. Yunus of Bengkulu City. The Sampling technique used is Cluster Sampling. The number of sample is 32. Instruments used for manual muscle testing. Test for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and analysis techniques using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test  and Mann-Whitney with 95% confidence level (  = 0,05). Muscle strenght of the finger mean in the control group 2,44 increase to 2,63 with the difference 0,1875. In the intervention group mean 2,44 increase to 3,13 with the difference 0,6875. Muscle strenght of the wrist mean in the control group 2,38 increase to 2,56 with the difference 0,1875. In the intervention group mean 2,25 increase to 3,00 with the difference 0,75. The result obtained p-value 0,011 finger hand and p-value 0,027 wrist. Exercise Range Of Motion (ROM) Spherical Grip is effective in increase muscle strenght of over extremities on stroke patients.
MANAJEMEN BIMBINGAN KONSELING DI SMP NEGERI SATU BATANG KUIS DELI SERDANG
Authors: Sultani Dalmi Iskandar
Published: October 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan manajemen bimbingan konseling diSMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis Deli Serdang meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian,pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif denganpengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi.Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri. Analisis data dilakukan melaluipengumpulan data, reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun subjekdalam penelitian ini merupakan anggota struktural bimbingan konseling sekolah SMPNegeri 1 Batang Kuis Deli Serdang dan subjek pendukung Tiga orang guru wali kelasdan Enam orang siswa-siswi SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis Deli Serdang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukan bahwa perencanaan dimulai dengan penyusunan program layananbimbingan konseling yaitu RPP/RPL, program tahunan, semester, bulan, dan harian.Pengorganisasian bimbingan konseling di SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis Deli Serdang inimelibatkan semua pihak yaitu kepala sekolah, Pks kesiswaan, wali kelas, guru matapelajaran, dan siswa. Proses pengorganisasian meliputi penyusunan tugas, pembentukandan pelaksanaan bimbingan konseling ditentukan oleh koordinator dan guru bimbingankonseling. Pelaksanaan bimbingan konseling di SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis Deli Serdangdilakukan dengan mengacu pada program yang disusun pada awal tahun sertapemberian layanan dilakukan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik yang semata-matadilakukan untuk membantu peserta didik. Pengawasan bimbingan konseling di SMPNegeri 1 Batang Kuis Deli Serdang dilakukan setiap hari dengan mengawasi setiapprogram yang dilaksanakan, kemudian dilakukan evaluasi setiap dua minggu sekaliuntuk mengetahui bagaimana efektifitas penyelenggaraan layanan bimbingan konselingyang telah dilaksanakan.
UPAYA MEMBANGUN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MELALUI PENDEKATAN KUALITATIF PADA KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI FAKULTAS EKONOMI UMN AL WASHLIYAH MEDAN T.A 2013/2014
Authors: Yuliana Yayuk
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini membahas upaya mengelola loyalitas pelanggan melalui strategi kualitasproduk dan kualitas pelayanan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif berdasarkanpenelitian deskriptif yang telah dilakukan pada Mahasiswa Universitas MuslimNusantara Al Washliyah, Fakultas Ekonomi Manajemen. Sampel yang digunakansebanyak 50 responden pengguna atau konsumen IM3 indosat. Hasil penelitian secaradeskirptif bahwa kualitas produk berpengaruh secara positif pada loyalitas pelanggansignifikansi adalah 0,010,<0,05. Pada penelitian ini kualitas pelayanan berpengaruhsecara positif signifikansi adalah 0,011,<0,05 pada loyalitas pelanggan. Hasil analisiskualitatif bahwa loyalitas konsumen mempunyai konsekuensi motivasi dan perilaku.Pertama motivasi untuk mencari informasi mengenai produk. Motivasi pencarianinformasi merupakan fungsi dari persepsi konsumen dari manfaat dan biaya aktivitasmencari alternatif. Manfaat pencarian akan berkurang apabila konsumen memiliki sikaprelative sangat positif dan mereka dapat melakukan pembelian ulang beberapa kali.Biaya pencarian bisa berupa waktu, biaya, dan ketidaknyamanan fisik serta psikologisberkaitan dengan aktivitas mencari pemasok, produk atau merek alternative. Loyalitaspelanggan berdampak pada perilaku gethok tular (word-of-mouth behavior) terutamabila konsumen merasakan pengalaman emosional yang signifikan.
IDE DASAR DOUBLE TRACK SYSTEM : SANKSI PIDANA DAN TINDAKAN SEBAGAI SISTEM PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PELAKU KEJAHATAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA
Authors: Sinaga Merry Natalia
Published: October 2018

Penyalahgunaan Narkotika merupakan bahaya yang dapat menghambat kemajuan bangsa Indonesia dalam melaksanakan pembangunan di setiap sektor kehidupan. Dimana kita ketahui bahwa Indonesia pada dekade 70-an belum lagi menjadi daerah yang menggiurkan  bagi pemasaran narkotika. Pada saat itu, negeri ini hanya merupakan wilayah transit bagi barang-barang haram yang akan dikirim ke Australia atau ke Negara Asia Pasifik lainnya. Namun dua dasa warsa kemudian, Indonesia sudah menjadi pasar yang menggiurkan bagi para pengedar narkotika. Bahkan disebut-sebut menjadi produsen barang yang bisa membuat perasaan melayang-layang itu. Permasalahan yang dihadapi saat ini adalah yang berkaitan dengan narkotika adalah bahwa Sumatera Utara menempati ranking ketiga setelah DKI Jakarta dan Kalimantan Timur dalam tingkat pemakai narkoba. Menyiapkan pusat rehabilitasi khususnya bagi pelaku tindak pidana narkoba adalah merupakan solusinya. Mereka membutuhkan proses penyembuhan dari ketergantungan obat terlarang tersebut. Mempenjarakan bukanlah solusi yang tepat bagi permasalahan ini, menahan tetapi juga melakukan terapi medis barulah akan berhasil. Bukan rahasia lagi banyak pemakai obat yang di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan tetapi masih ketergantungan obat. Ini disebabkan mereka hanya ditahan secara fisik tetapi penyakitnya belum sembuh. Mereka  itu butuh pengobatan yang selama ini tidak maksimal didapatkan.
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PANTUN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DOUBLE LOOP PROBLEM SOLVING DI SMP NEGERI 1 GUNUNGSITOLI UTARA
Authors: Harefa Trisman
Published: October 2018

Menulis pantun adalah serangkaian kegiatan seseorang untuk menuangkan  pengetahuan atau pengalaman yang dimilikinya ke dalam bentuk tulisan yang ditandai oleh adanya bagian lampiran dan bagian isi sehingga memiliki keterikatan tertentu yang diperhatikan oleh penulis yakni tiap bait terdiri dari 4 baris, tiap baris terdiri atas 8 sampai 12 suku kata, sajaknya a-b-a-b atau bunyi akhir baris pertama sama dengan bunyi akhir baris ketiga, dan bunyi akhir baris kedua sama dengan bunyi akhir baris keempat, dan kedua baris pertama merupakan lampiran, sedangkan isinya terdapat pada kedua baris terakhir. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, model pembelajaran Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis pantun.
MENINGKATKAN KETAMPILAN MEMBACA TEXT BERBAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI PICTURES SERIES
Authors: Juli Yanti Harhap Rosmita Ambarita,
Published: October 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan, keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa dalam membaca Text berbahasa Inggris setelah menggunakan media pictures series.Subyek yang diteliti sebanyak 40 siswa.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan melakukan dua tindakan dalam dua siklus.Tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, obeservasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil yang diperoleh siswa dari pemberian tindakan selama dua siklus mengalami peningkatan. pada saat sebelum mendapat tindakan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa   adalah 74,125 sedangkan nilai KKM yang harus diperoleh setiap siswa adalah 84. Setelah mendapat tindakan dengan menggunakan pictures series sebagai media pembelajaran meningkat dengan memperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas 83,5 dengan 33 siswa (82,5%) mencapai ketuntasan belajar sedangkan 7 siswa (17,5) belum mencapai ketuntasan belajar.Penggunaan media pictures series sebagai media pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam membaca teks berbahasa Inggris. Aktifitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru dan siswa berlangsung dengan baik dengan penggunaan media pictures series di dalam pembelajaran.
Carlos Casares: a vida como escritura
Authors: Loureiro Ramón
Published: October 2018

Carlos Casares, un narrador excepcional que xa conta cun lugar propio na historia da literatura, encarnou en si mesmo o mellor da alma inmortal de Galicia. Viviu entregado ao empeño de contribuír, a través das palabras, á construción do futuro do país. A xenerosidade foi, para el, unha maneira de existir.
O saber do relato en Carlos Casares
Authors: Forcadela Manuel
Published: October 2018

Un achegamento panorámico á obra narrativa de Carlos Casares a partir da análise de dúas polarizacións básicas: o feito fronte ao acontecemento e a opacidade fronte á transparencia. Da mestura destas dúas tensións, ficcional a primeira e diccional a segunda, obtense un mapa xeral do percorrido intelectual e creativo do autor.
O Deus de Carlos Casares e a ficción no tempo da memoria
Authors: Alonso Nogueira Álex
Published: October 2018

Este ensaio estudia os contextos da novela de Carlos Casares Deus sentado nun sillón azul (1996) e analiza en que medida esta narración é un intento de abordar as cuestións centrais do debate contemporáneo sobre a memoria. A través dos recursos da ficción e da voz dunha antiga estudante do protagonista, o autor reconstrúe a contorna cultural e política dunha cidade provincial durante os primeiros anos do réxime de Franco, en certa maneira, como un relato contrafactual. Finalmente, o Deus de Casares, un dos primeiros e máis sólidos achegamentos aos emerxentes traballos sobre a memoria, é tamén unha avaliación crítica da responsabilidade dos intelectuais, a través da análise das linguaxes e da traxectoria dun profesor ficticio.
A escrita de Carlos Casares: unha poética da descrición literaria
Authors: López Sández María
Published: October 2018

As autopoéticas, ou expresións persoais do xeito de concibir a creación literaria, son moi frecuentes no ámbito da poesía e pode afirmarse que son poucos os poetas que non contan con algunha composición de índole metapoética. Mais esta ollada recursiva sobre a propia obra é menos frecuente no eido da narrativa. As análises dos mecanismos creadores, ao xeito de “Filosofía da composición”, de Edgar Allan Poe, concitaron unha enorme atención crítica. Dentro da literatura galega, o caso de Carlos Casares é particularmente interesante desde este punto de vista, porque se trata, sen dúbida, dun dos narradores que revela unha maior autoconciencia e que formulou, de xeito máis explícito, unha reflexión sobre os mecanismos da súa produción, algo que fixo, curiosamente, poñendo a énfase na descrición. Casares confire ao descritivo unha forte relevancia narratolóxica ao facer recaer na “miudeza descritiva” o efecto de verosimilitude e a eficacia do texto narrativo. Revisar a obra do escritor ourensán á luz da súa teoría sobre a descrición literaria e a centralidade que lle atribúe para a eficacia do relato resulta profundamente revelador. No xeito particular e persoal de concibir o texto e a descrición atópase unha clave, tal vez a esencial, para comprendermos os mecanismos narrativos da construción de mundos na obra de Carlos Casares.
“A ledicia de ler”. Historiografía, crítica e xornalismo
Authors: Vilavedra Dolores
Published: October 2018

O artigo analiza o que supuxo, dende diferentes perspectivas, a sección “A ledicia de ler” que Casares mantivo no xornal La Voz de Galicia entre 1975 e 1992, cun total de máis de catrocentos artigos. Por unha banda, estúdase o seu valor como plataforma crítica fundamental para a articulación dun discurso historiográfico galego autónomo; en segundo lugar, a súa importancia no conxunto da produción do autor, na medida en que a sección canaliza a vocación de analista literario do primeiro Casares e vai evoluíndo con coherencia no seu proxecto creativo ata converxer de xeito natural nos artigos de “Á marxe”, síntese perfecta da estilística e da visión do mundo casarianas.
Carlos Casares non era xornalista, e que?
Authors: Tabarés Fernanda
Published: October 2018

Carlos Casares non era xornalista pero tampouco o precisaba para facer xornalismo. Nas súas columnas atópanse todos os xéneros xornalísticos e unha visión precisa da sociedade da súa época.
Os intelectuais e a democracia (espazos de liberdade)
Authors: Fusi Aizpurua Juan P.
Published: October 2018

A través dos escritos de Julián Marías e de José Luís López Aranguren faise un percorrido polo cambio cultural que se fraguou en España desde a década de 1960. O horizonte intelectual da España de 1960 non era xa o sistema de valores e ideas culturais do franquismo, senón o daqueles intelectuais e escritores cuxas biografías, obra e pensamento sufriran descualificacións e prohibicións tras a guerra e no primeiro franquismo. Estes intelectuais conquistaron determinados ámbitos ou espazos de liberdade, grazas aos que a cultura española logrou recobrar o pulso da modernidade. Este feito foi, ademais, esencial na recuperación da conciencia democrática en España.
Intelectuais e autonomía
Authors: Baamonde Antón
Published: October 2018

Non pode entenderse o horizonte político do galeguismo senón é usando a linguaxe do nacionalismo. Como pode comprobarse cando se analiza o movemento galeguista no final do franquismo e no momento da transición política, a súa preferencia era por partidos de ámbito propiamente galego e por unha España federal na que puidesen satisfacerse as demandas nacionais de Galicia, tanto materiais como morais. Só nun segundo momento, cando se comproba o éxito electoral da UCD e AP en Galicia –partidos que estaban formados por xente que proviña da administración franquista–, dáse o paso claro ao galeguismo entendido como unha acción transversal. Esa dilución da mensaxe buscaba unha maior eficacia para similares obxectivos de fondo. Os galeguistas adaptáronse –intercambiaron lexitimidade por influencia– pero mantiveron un programa nacionalitario.
Carlos Casares: os intelectuais, os escritores, a política
Authors: Villalaín Damián
Published: October 2018

Este artigo divide en tres etapas a traxectoria política e intelectual de Carlos Casares. A primeira estaría marcada non tanto pola relación con Vicente Risco como pola confluencia entre catolicismo e marxismo que se produce na Europa dos anos sesenta a partir do Concilio Vaticano II. A segunda sería a do descubrimento da socialdemocracia escandinava e a estreita colaboración política e intelectual co galeguismo europeísta de Ramón Piñeiro. Na terceira, Casares dedicará grande parte do seu tempo a afortalar o tecido institucional da cultura galega.
A fala berciana na obra de Fernández Morales
Authors: Álvarez Blanco Rosario
Published: October 2018

Situamos a escritura destes “ensaios” poéticos en “dialecto berciano” no seu contexto histórico, marcado pola eclosión da filoloxía como disciplina científica grazas ao impulso recibido do método histórico-comparativo, á súa vez enmarcado no pensamento evolucionista, que determina cambios importantes no pensamento científico contemporáneo. Mostramos que esta obra non é unha excepción, pois tamén outras en lingua galega xurdiron impulsadas por este interese pola orixe das linguas e os seus procesos de diversificación. Detémonos nas encargas de Mariano Cubí e no empeño e condicións de Fernández Morales para satisfacelas. Finalmente, comprobamos en que medida o retrato da variedade lingüística seleccionada foi fiel á realidade que quixo documentar.
Tradiciois, terra e identidade na obra de Morales
Authors: Silveiro Fernández Héctor M.
Published: October 2018

Este traballo parte da recuperación dunha correspondencia do autor que revela a xénese, temáticas e estilo dos Ensayos poéticos en dialecto berciano de Antonio Fernández Morales. Analizamos a descuberta do galego do Bierzo a través da reflexión propiciada polo filólogo catalán Mariano Cubí e o propio encargo de escribir nesta lingua que asume Morales con entusiasmo. Indagamos nas fontes e na procura de temáticas para o libro. Emerxen así os costumes das xentes humildes que o poeta gusta describir, tanto na aldea como na vila, ao longo dun calendario tradicional peculiar, onde detectamos unha tendencia ao contraste e a utilización dun ton satírico e crítico sutil por veces, as máis proto-realista. A paisaxe natural e humana do Bierzo que retrata con vigor e detalle, fará do noso autor un cantor referente da identidade berciana á vez dun fito relevante para definir o movemento do Rexurdimento nos lindeiros da galeguidade. Concluímos coa definición doutro dos trazos do estilo do autor de carácter ideolóxico, o bercianismo, amén do seu interese por cantar a riqueza patrimonial do Bierzo.
Morales na revisión do Rexurdimento
Authors: Angueira Viturro Anxo
Published: October 2018

A figura do escritor berciano Fernández Morales, que podía ilustrar teoricamente a idea de rexurdimento, é utilizada aquí para cuestionar precisamente o esquema historiográfico herdado de Michelet e Burckhart. Faise a partir dos seus vínculos ideolóxicos cos poetas galegos da súa xeración e, sobre todo, a partir dos claros nexos que a súa obra Ensayos poéticos en dialecto berciano (1861) ten co Coloquio (1746) do Padre Sarmiento. Por outro lado, a poesía do autor, é crítica co presente e dignificadora dunha realidade cultural e lingüística, polo que resulta allea a calquera restauración idealista do pasado. Finalmente estúdase a posición do autor na historiografía galega referida ó XIX.
Métrica e musicalidade nos versos de Antonio Fernández Morales
Authors: Penim Carmen , Polsinelli Maurizio
Published: October 2018

Logo dunha breve introdución na cal abordamos os paralelismos na métrica musical e a métrica literaria, presentamos algunhas das características da métrica no autor estudado, así como o seu valor estilístico. A continuación expóñense brevemente algunhas decisións creativas nas cancións de Carmen Penim con textos do autor, para finalizar coa explicación da peza dodecafónica de Maurizio Polsinelli sobre un poema texto do mesmo autor, cuxa partitura pode verse ao final deste artigo.
Algunhas claves sobre a poesía de Antonio Fernández Morales
Authors: Puerto José Luís
Published: October 2018

O poeta berciano Antonio Fernández Morales (1817-1896) escribe tanto en castelán, como en dialecto berciano (modalidade, neste caso, do galego). Participa dalgunhas das correntes poéticas da segunda metade do século XIX (continuidade do romanticismo, poesía civil e de expresión grandilocuente, de circunstancias) e trata temas como o local, o familiar e íntimo, o amoroso, o relixioso, así como o civil e patriótico. Pero a súa maior importancia reside en que está na raíz poética do Rexurdimento galego, debido á súa obra Ensayos poéticos en dialecto berciano (1861), cuxa publicación se anticipa en dous anos aos Cantares gallegos (1863), de Rosalía de Castro.
Thinking Other People's Thoughts: Brian Holton's Translations from Classical Chinese into Lowland Scots
Authors: Bruno Cosima
Published: October 2018

Brian Holton (b. 1949), the only currently working translator of classical Chinese poetry into Scots, is here approached biographically, through his personal history and his career in translating and publishing. Holton's collection of his own translation materials, including drafts, proofs, scores, translations, notes, lectures, correspondence, and journalistic writings, has been made available to the author. As a voice of history, Holton's life and work constitute a subjective narrative that enters into debate, discussion, and interpretation with larger narratives, spheres of diffusion, and power relations. Hence the discussion touches on such matters as as language policy in education and national literatures, and issues of centre and periphery, foreignization and domestication.
Scaled-Up Biodiesel Production from Meat Processing Dissolved Air Flotation Sludge: A Simulation Study
Authors: Okoro Oseweuba Valentine
Published: October 2018

For the first time, a steady state computational simulation for the production of biodiesel from meat processing dissolved air flotation sludge via an integrated process of in-situ hydrolysis and esterification technologies has been investigated. Important thermophysical properties of the intrinsic lipids of dissolved air flotation sludge were estimated using chemical constituent fragment methods. The environmental performance and the economic performance of the biodiesel production process were assessed via the estimation of the net energy ratio (NER) and the unit production cost, respectively. Since electrical energy requirements may be satisfied via either non-renewable (case A) or renewable sources (case B), the NER was determined for both scenarios. To enhance the robustness of the study results, uncertainties in the NER and the unit cost of the biodiesel production process due to the variability of the underlying study assumptions were also assessed. Uncertainty analysis indicated that the likely range of the NER for the biodiesel production process for cases A and B are 1.76 to 3.32 and 1.82 to 3.36, respectively, at 95% probability. Uncertainty analysis also showed that the likely range of the unit production cost for biodiesel is $US0.41/kg-biodiesel to $US0.71/kg-biodiesel at 95% probability. The results that were obtained in this study therefore provide evidence of both the environmental sustainability and the economic viability of biodiesel production from dissolved air flotation sludge via the proposed integrated process of in-situ hydrolysis and esterification.
In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Composites of AgNPs and Polyphenol Inclusion Compounds against Fusarium culmorum in Different Dispersion Media
Authors: Matei Petruta Mihaela , Iacomi Beatrice Michaela , Martín-Gil Jesús , Pérez-Lebeña Eduardo , Ramos-Sánchez M. Carmen , Barrio-Arredondo M. Teresa , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: October 2018

Fusarium culmorum is a soil-borne fungus able to cause Fusarium head blight, one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide, which can result in significant yield losses of up to 50% and which jeopardizes food and feed safety due to the mycotoxins produced. In the study presented herein, the enhancement of the antifungal activity against this pathogen, resulting from the addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to different polyphenol-stevioside inclusion compounds, dispersed either in a chitosan oligomers hydroalcoholic solution or in a choline chloride:urea:glycerol deep eutectic solvent, was investigated in vitro. The polyphenols assayed were curcumin, ferulic acid, gallic acid and silymarin. Four composite concentrations (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 µg·mL−1), with and without AgNPs, were assessed, finding noticeable differences in mycelial growth inhibition, with EC50 and EC90 values ranging from 118 to 579 µg·mL−1 and from 333 to 2604 µg·mL−1, respectively. The obtained results evidenced the improved efficacy of the composites with AgNPs, a superior performance of the composites based on curcumin and ferulic acid, and the advantages of the deep eutectic solvent-based dispersion medium over the chitosan oligomers-based one. The reported composites hold promise for crop protection applications.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from the Chilean Superfruit (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz)
Authors: Vázquez-Espinosa Mercedes , Espada-Bellido Estrella , V. González de Peredo Ana , Ferreiro-González Marta , Carrera Ceferino , Palma Miguel , G. Barroso Carmelo , F. Barbero Gerardo
Published: October 2018

Maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) is being explored in the food industry, and is considered to be one of the healthiest berries due to its bioactive components and high commercial value. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was developed for the determination of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins from maqui. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed in conjunction with a response surface methodology to optimize the conditions based on 27 different experiments. The extractions were carried out with four factors (i.e., methanol percentage, pH, temperature, and solvent volume:sample mass ratio), and two responses—total phenolics and anthocyanins. Temperature and methanol percentage were found to be the most influential parameters for total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, respectively. The optimum MAE conditions were: 65% MeOH in water at pH 2, temperature of 100 °C, and a ratio of 10:0.5 for total phenolics; and 60% MeOH in water at pH 2, temperature of 50 °C, and a ratio of 14:0.5 for anthocyanins. Kinetics assays were carried out and an optimum time of only 2 min was identified for the extractions. Repeatability and intermediate precision were also evaluated, and coefficients of variation below 5% were obtained. The new methods were successfully applied to a foodstuff made with maqui.
Parameters for the Analysis of Social Bonds in Horses
Authors: Wolter Riccarda , Stefanski Volker , Krueger Konstanze
Published: October 2018

Social bond analysis is of major importance for the evaluation of social relationships in group housed horses. However, in equine behaviour literature, studies on social bond analysis are inconsistent. Mutual grooming (horses standing side by side and gently nipping, nuzzling, or rubbing each other), affiliative approaches (horses approaching each other and staying within one body length), and measurements of spatial proximity (horses standing with body contact or within two horse-lengths) are commonly used. In the present study, we assessed which of the three parameters is most suitable for social bond analysis in horses, and whether social bonds are affected by individual and group factors. We observed social behaviour and spatial proximity in 145 feral horses, five groups of Przewalski’s horses (N = 36), and six groups of feral horses (N = 109) for 15 h per group, on three days within one week. We found grooming, friendly approaches, and spatial proximity to be robust parameters, as their correlation was affected only by the animals’ sex (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.001, t = −2.7, p = 0.008) and the group size (GLMM: N = 145, SE < 0.001, t = 4.255, p < 0.001), but not by the horse breed, the aggression ratio, the social rank, the group, the group composition, and the individuals themselves. Our results show a trend for a correspondence between all three parameters (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.004, t = 1.95, p = 0.053), a strong correspondence between mutual grooming and friendly approaches (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.021, t = 3.922, p < 0.001), and a weak correspondence between mutual grooming and spatial proximity (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.04, t = 1.15, p = 0.25). We therefore suggest either using a combination of the proactive behaviour counts mutual grooming and friendly approaches, or using measurements of close spatial proximity, for the analysis of social bonds in horses within a limited time frame.
Effects of Nano-TiO2 Mediated Photocatalysis on Microcystis aeruginosa Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaojuan , Gao Yining , Liu Peng
Published: October 2018

The effects of nano-TiO2 mediated photocatalysis on Microcystis aeruginosa, a common species that causes algal bloom, were studied. The metabolic activity of the M. aeruginosa cells was inhibited by nano-TiO2 mediated photocatalysis, as demonstrated by the significant decrease in metabolic heat with the increase in the time of photocatalysis. SEM images also showed that photocatalysis significantly altered the surface morphology of the cells, and the cell disruption was observed by treatment for 6 h. The nano-TiO2 mediated photocatalysis decreased the negative charge on the cell surface because the hydrophilic carboxylic acid groups and ammonium groups in the proteins were modified by free radicals. Metal cations of different valence and charge density could neutralize the negative charges on the cell surface to varying degrees. The adsorption heat of metal cations on the cell surface was higher for the control cells than the cells by photocatalysis, because the surface of the latter was modified and had lower charge density.
Information Extraction and Spatial Distribution of Research Hot Regions on Rocky Desertification in China
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Han Yueqi , Zhang Yunzhi
Published: October 2018

Rocky desertification is an important type of ecological degradation in southwest of China. The author uses the web crawler technology and obtained 9345 journal papers related to rocky desertification from 1950s to 2016 in China. The authors also constructed a technological process to extract research hot regions on rocky desertification and then a spatial distribution map of research hot regions on rocky desertification was formed. Finally, the authors compared the spatial distribution using the sensitivity map of rocky desertification to find the differences between two maps. The study shows that: (1) rocky desertification research hot regions in China are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi, especially in Bijie, Liupanshui, Guiyang, Anshun, Qianxinan Autonomous Prefecture, QianNan Autonomous Prefecture, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province, Hechi, Baise, Nanning, Guilin in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Zhaotong in Yunnan Province. (2) The research hot regions on rocky desertification have good spatial consistency with the sensitivity regions of rocky desertification. At the prefecture level, the overlap rate of the two regions reached 85%. Because of the influence of topography, vegetation coverage, population distribution, traffic accessibility and other factors, there were regions that consisted of combinations of high sensitivity but low research popularity regarding rocky desertification; these sites included Qionglai Mountain-Liangshan Area of Sichuan, Wushan-Shennongjia Area of Hubei, Hengduan Mountain Area of western Yunnan and Dupangling Area of southern Hunan. (3) The research hot regions and sensitive regions cannot be matched completely in time, space and concept. Therefore, we can use their spatial distribution differences to improve the pertinence of planning, governance and study of rocky desertification.
Online Adaptive Controller Based on Dynamic Evolution Strategies
Authors: Fister Dušan , Šafarič Jakob , Fister Iztok , Šafarič Riko , Fister Iztok
Published: October 2018

The majority of non-linear systems nowadays are controlled online using rapid PI-controllers with linear characteristics. Evolutionary algorithms are rarely used, especially for online adaptive control, due to their time complexity. This paper proposes an online adaptive controller based on a dynamic evolution strategy and attempts to overcome this performance problem. The main advantage of the evolution strategies over other gradient machine learning algorithms is that they are insensitive to becoming stuck into local optima. As a result, the proposed controller is capable of responding in real-time (sampling time between 1–5 ms) and was tested on a non-linear, single-degree-of-freedom robotic mechanism. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first application of evolutionary algorithms in such an online control. In general, the results obtained were better than the results achieved using a traditional PI-controller.
Survival Analysis of Bridge Superstructures in Wisconsin
Authors: Nabizadeh Azam , Tabatabai Habib , Tabatabai Mohammad A.
Published: October 2018

Although survival analyses have long been used in biomedical research, their application to engineering in general, and bridge engineering in particular, is a more recent phenomenon. In this research, survival (reliability) of bridge superstructures in Wisconsin was investigated using the Hypertabastic accelerated failure time model. The 2012 National Bridge Inventory (NBI) data for the State of Wisconsin were used for the analyses. A recorded NBI superstructure condition rating of 5 was chosen as the end of service life. The type of bridge superstructure, bridge age, maximum span length (MSL) and average daily traffic (ADT) were considered as possible risk factors in the survival of bridge superstructures. Results show that ADT and MSL can substantially affect the survival of bridge superstructures at various ages. The reliability of Wisconsin superstructures at the ages of 50 and 75 years is on the order of 63% and 18%, respectively, when the ADT and MSL values are at Wisconsin’s mean values.
Privacy-Preserving Monotonicity of Differential Privacy Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Hai , Wu Zhenqiang , Zhou Yihui , Peng Changgen , Tian Feng , Lu Laifeng
Published: October 2018

Differential privacy mechanisms can offer a trade-off between privacy and utility by using privacy metrics and utility metrics. The trade-off of differential privacy shows that one thing increases and another decreases in terms of privacy metrics and utility metrics. However, there is no unified trade-off measurement of differential privacy mechanisms. To this end, we proposed the definition of privacy-preserving monotonicity of differential privacy, which measured the trade-off between privacy and utility. First, to formulate the trade-off, we presented the definition of privacy-preserving monotonicity based on computational indistinguishability. Second, building on privacy metrics of the expected estimation error and entropy, we theoretically and numerically showed privacy-preserving monotonicity of Laplace mechanism, Gaussian mechanism, exponential mechanism, and randomized response mechanism. In addition, we also theoretically and numerically analyzed the utility monotonicity of these several differential privacy mechanisms based on utility metrics of modulus of characteristic function and variant of normalized entropy. Third, according to the privacy-preserving monotonicity of differential privacy, we presented a method to seek trade-off under a semi-honest model and analyzed a unilateral trade-off under a rational model. Therefore, privacy-preserving monotonicity can be used as a criterion to evaluate the trade-off between privacy and utility in differential privacy mechanisms under the semi-honest model. However, privacy-preserving monotonicity results in a unilateral trade-off of the rational model, which can lead to severe consequences.
Evaluation of Eco-Efficiency of Two Alternative Agricultural Biogas Plants
Authors: Muradin Magdalena , Joachimiak-Lechman Katarzyna , Foltynowicz Zenon
Published: October 2018

Implementation of the circular economy is one of the priorities of the European Union, and energy efficiency is one of its pillars. This article discusses an effective use of agri-food industry waste for the purposes of waste-to-energy in biogas plants. Its basic objective is the comparative assessment of the eco-efficiency of biogas production depending on the type of feedstock used, its transport and possibility to use generated heat. The environmental impact of the analysed installations was assessed with the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Cost calculation was performed using the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) method. The LCA analysis indicated that a biogas plant with a lower level of waste heat use where substrates were delivered by wheeled transport has a negative impact on the environment. The structure of distributed energy production cost indicates a substantial share of feedstock supply costs in the total value of the LCOE ratio. Thus, the factor affecting the achievement of high eco-efficiency is the location of a biogas plant in the vicinity of an agri-food processing plant, from which the basic feedstock for biogas production is supplied with the transmission pipeline, whereas heat is transferred for the needs of production processes in a processing plant or farm.