bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global carbon uptake of cement carbonation accounts 1930–2021
Authors: Huang Zi , Wang Jiaoyue , Bing Longfei , Qiu Yijiao , Guo Rui , Yu Ying , Ma Mingjing , Niu Le , Tong Dan , Andrew Robbie M. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Canadell Josep G. , Xi Fengming , Liu Zhu
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The main contributor to the GHG footprint of the cement industry is the decomposition of alkaline carbonates during clinker production. However, systematic accounts for the reverse of this process – namely carbonation of calcium oxide and other alkaline oxides/hydroxides within cement materials during cements’ life cycle have only recently been undertaken. Here, adopting a comprehensive analytical model, we provide the most updated estimates of CO2 uptake by cement carbonation. The accumulated amount of global CO2 uptake by cements produced from 1930 to 2021 is estimated to be 22.9 Gt CO2 (95 % Confidence interval, CI: 19.6–26.6 Gt CO2). This amount includes the CO2 uptake by concrete, mortar, and construction waste and kiln dust. The cumulative carbon uptake by cement materials from 1930 to 2021 offsets 55.1 % of the emissions from cement production (41.6 Gt CO2, 95 % CI: 38.7–47.2 Gt CO2) over the same period, with the greater part coming from mortar (58.5 % of the total uptake). China has the highest cement carbon uptake, with cumulative carbonation of 7.06 Gt CO2 (95 % CI: 5.22–9.44 Gt CO2) since 1930. As a result of rapidly increased production in recent year, over three-quarters of the cement carbon uptake has occurred since 1990. Additionally, our results show little impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cement production and use, with carbon uptake reaching about 0.92 Gt CO2 (95 % CI: 0.78–1.10 Gt CO2) in 2020 and 0.96 Gt CO2 (95 % CI: 0.81–1.15 Gt CO2) in 2021. Our uniformly formatted and most updated cement uptake inventories provide coherent data support for including cement carbon uptake into future carbon budgets from the local to global scale. The latest version contains the uptake data till 2021, showing the global uptake increasing pattern and offering more usable and relevant data for evaluating cement’s carbon uptake capacity. All the data described in this study are accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7516373 (Bing et al., 2023).
Impact of boundary conditions on the modelled thermal regime of the Antarctic ice sheet
Authors: Park In-Woo , Jin Emilia Kyung , Morlighem Mathieu , Lee Kang-Kun
Published: July 2023

Abstract. A realistic initialization of ice flow models is critical for predicting future changes in ice sheet mass balance and their associated contribution to sea level rise. The initial thermal state of an ice sheet is particularly important as it controls ice viscosity and basal conditions, thereby influencing the overall ice velocity. Englacial and subglacial conditions, however, remain poorly understood due to insufficient direct measurements, which complicates the initialization and validation of thermal models. Here, we investigate the impact of using different geothermal heat flux (GHF) datasets and vertical velocity profiles on the thermal state of the Antarctic ice sheet, and compare our modeled temperatures to in situ measurements from 15 boreholes. We find that the vertical velocity plays a more important role in the temperature profile than GHF. More importantly, we find that the standard approach, which consists in combining basal sliding speed and incompressibility to derive vertical velocities, provides reasonably good results in fast flowing regions (ice velocity > 50 m yr-1), but performs poorly in slower moving regions.
Baadhi ya Mbinu za Kifani katika Riwaya ya Kiswahili "Riwaya ya Kiu ya Mohamed Suleiman kama mfano"
Authors: Abu Azuom Jalhgam
Published: July 2023

Kazi ya fasihi ikiwemo riwaya huundwa na fani na maudhui, ambavyo kwa pamoja ndivyo hutupatia kazi inayoitwa fasihi. Fani huundwa na vipengele kama vile wahusika, mtindo, mandhari, muundo na matumizi ya lugha. Vipengele hivi hutumiwa na waandishi kwa namna tofauti tofauti kulingana na ujuzi na welei wao. Kwa upande wa maudhui ni jumla ya mawazo makuu yanayoelezwa na mwandishi au msimulizi wa kazi ya fasihi na kutaka hadhira yake ipate .
kazi huu ulikusudiwa kufanywa kwa nia ya kuchunguza dhamira mbalimbali ambazo zinawasilishwa na Mohamed Suleiman katika riwaya yake ya Kiu. Kupita riwaya hii tumeainisha na mbinu za kifani zilizotumiwa na mwandishi katika kuibua dhamira ndani ya riwaya hiyo.
Kiu ni riwaya ya Kiswahili inayoelezea hadithi ya Bahati, kijana mwanamke aliyelelewa akaleleka na sasa anakutana na Idi, mwanaume laghai. Iddi hakawii kumzonga Bahati kwa kamba ya mapenzi ya uwongo. Bahati akiwa kalowa mapenzi hajijui hajitambui, anang’amua kuwa Iddi kwa kweli hampendi yeye, bali nafsi yake mwenyewe, na yeye Bahati ni chombo tu cha kutimiza shauku zake za kilimwengu. Kama ndege aliyenaswa katika ulimbo, jitihada zake za kujipatia nusura zinamletea angamio.
A qualitative analysis evaluating how medical students perceive COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on their lives: Life in the Pandemic
Authors: ATAOĞLU Beyza Nur , KESEN YURTCANLI Cemre Hilal , DOĞANÇ Fatma Burcu , ÇEKİCİ Duygu , PEKER Şükran , BAKIR KESER Nurhan , AYVAZ İlknur , GİRGİN Şevket , SANDAL KILIÇ Ayşenur , DOĞAN JAMİL Selin , LÜLECİ Nimet Emel , HIDIROĞLU Seyhan , TOPUZOĞLU Ahmet , SAVE Dilşad , KARAVUŞ Melda
Published: July 2023

One of the groups experiencing the pandemic’s effects were students. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of medical students and also to see their perspectives about the pandemic. This study is designed as a qualitative study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 medical students on an online platform in February 2022, at the end of the third peak period. A semi-structured question guide used as a data collection tool. First, questions about individual characteristics then open-ended questions about their COVID-19 pandemic perception and its impact on their lives were asked. The thematic analysis method was used and "Life in the pandemic" were grouped into two main themes: 1.Perception of the Pandemic and Consequent Impact on Life and 2. Pandemic Period and Its Impact on Life. The median age was 22. Half of the participants have been diagnosed with COVID-19. All of the participants were vaccinated. In this study it has been observed that the majority of the medical students have perceived the COVID-19 pandemic as a difficult period and also as a new, uncertain and adverse situation. Another adverse effect perceived by the majority was restriction of social life. Fear and anxiety were most commonly used to express their mood during the pandemic. During the pandemic students individual, mental and social lives are highly affected. While negative effects are generally seen during the social isolation process, this situation has eased with the normalisation of the process.
How Can I Become the Best Teacher? ELT Instructors’ Professional Development Preferences
Authors: YILMAZ VİRLAN Ayşe
Published: July 2023

It is well acknowledged that one of the most significant things contributing to a successful career in language teaching is ongoing professional development. It is difficult to determine which tool is the most effective for the development of teachers because of the variety of current strategies that are still being debated in terms of their usefulness and practicability as professional development practices. Furthermore, the perspectives that teachers hold regarding professional development practices vary widely. In this work, various strategies for aiding the professional growth of ELT teachers at a foundation university in Istanbul are presented and discussed. Additionally, their preferences for varied practices that enhance teacher development were identified through a survey investigation. The data were collected through a survey questionnaire, and then they were analyzed to demonstrate both the similarities and differences in the approaches to teaching. The findings revealed that the degree to which teachers valued and made use of the activities differed significantly based on several factors, including their gender, age, years of teaching experience, the undergraduate field of study, and level of qualification. The findings could serve as the foundation for a proposal made to educators who are interested in developing their approach to teaching more professionally.
Mixed Method Analysis of University Students' Perspectives on Distance Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: UYSAL Burhanettin , MERCAN Neşe , ULUSİNAN ÇUBUKÇU Ebrar
Published: July 2023

This study, designed with a convergent parallel mixed method, was conducted to assess the views of health sciences faculty' students on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative data were applied in a web-based form with the socio-demographic form and the Views on Distance Education Scale. Qualitative data were collected by computer interviews using a video conference tool. Analyses were conducted using nonparametric test methods. For comparisons involving more than two groups, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied, and the Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparisons involving two groups. The Spearman Correlation test was used to examine how the dimensions related. In the qualitative section, the content analysis method was preferred. Comparative analyses of the total scale dimension, sub-dimensions, and socio-demographic characteristics revealed significant differences (p
Exploring Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: AKTAY Gonca , ÇİÇEK KORKMAZ Ayşe
Published: July 2023

Nursing students’ academic self-efficacy can be considered a significant factor in reducing their academic failure, which necessitates a valid measurement tool to reveal academic self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students. In this sense, we carried out this study to adapt the Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy Scale (ANSES) into the Turkish context. The sample of this methodological study consisted of 235 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a state university in the Marmara Region. We collected the data using a descriptive information form and the Turkish version of the ANSES. Following the translation-back-translation of the scale, we submitted the items to the views of 20 experts and calculated content validity ratios to be 0.80 and above for each item. After analyzing the data descriptively, we attempted to test the construct validity of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and sought test-retest reliability with Peason’s correlation analysis and internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. According to the findings, the measurement model yielded an acceptable model-data fit. In addition, we found our measurement with the Turkish version of the ANSES showed high internal consistency (0.82). While item-total correlations varied between 0.32 and 0.74, test-retest reliability was found to be 0.81. Overall, we can propose that the Turkish version of the ANSES can validly and reliably be utilized to measure academic self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students. Thus, we can recommend using the scale, brought in the Turkish literature on nursing, to reveal the self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students and identify to what extent they have accomplished their learning goals.
Construcción y consolidación de la paz en Colombia: términos de integración de iniciativas y medidas con fronteras cada vez más difusas
Authors: Rojas Muñoz Nadia
Published: July 2023

La construcción de paz es un término en definición, pues ha ido cambiando conforme se han puesto en práctica medidas para vivir en paz en distintas sociedades. En este artículo de revisión, se evidencian dos posturas en su abordaje: una relacionada con la intervención internacional en el desarrollo, la democracia, los DDHH, la economía de mercado y la paz como fin, cuyo término clave es consolidación de paz en el posconflicto; otra, centrada más en las relaciones sociales, las zonas de paz, los actores locales de los países que viven el conflicto, las actitudes y los prejuicios. Ambas posturas en la teoría se muestran claramente diferenciadas. Sin embargo, en la práctica de algunos ejemplos en Colombia, resultan complementarias bajo la premisa de que toda posibilidad de construir la paz debe tomarse en cuenta desde todos los actores y escenarios posibles.
Víctimas, tejido social y política pública
Authors: Chacón Leandro
Published: July 2023

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la intervención e investigación realizadas por estudiantes de trabajo social en la organización social Andescol, durante el año 2014, en las que se buscaron articular procesos de sensibilización en la lucha por los derechos, con análisis de los impactos y articulaciones con las políticas públicas. Para ello, primero se expone el contexto problema y se hace claridad sobre los elementos que componen la asociación y su acción política. Luego, se vinculan los referentes teóricos utilizados para leer su accionar y articulación con la política pública. Enseguida revisamos, en los hallazgos, las tensiones que se dan en dichas uniones, y cerramos en las conclusiones con los elementos que los investigadores sociales deberían tener en cuenta para apoyar la acción política de colectivos similares.
Negonotas Docentes 2017B
Authors: Negonotas Docentes Revista
Published: July 2023

Negonotas Docentes alcanza sus primeras diez ediciones, hecho que da cuenta del esfuerzo serio y riguroso de su equipo editorial por divulgar el conocimiento producido en los diversos campos disciplinares de las ciencias sociales. Los artículos de este número abordan temáticas como la salud mental, la educación primaria, el papel de las víctimas en el posconflicto y la inclusión financiera de la población vulnerable.
Mas allá del crecimiento económico: superar el conflicto armado y las instituciones extractivas
Authors: Duarte Hernández Andrés David
Published: July 2023

Colombia ha presentado una estabilidad macroeconómica en las últimas dos décadas; sin embargo, el desarrollo humano del país está rezagado con respecto al de la región. Este fenómeno se puede relacionar con la acción de las instituciones extractivas, retroalimentadas por el contexto social de conflicto interno armado. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer si los acuerdos firmados entre el Gobierno y las FARC son un incentivo para el desarrollo y si estos son más importantes que el mismo crecimiento económico para el desarrollo del país. El método de investigación adoptado fue la investigación documental. La conclusión principal es que los acuerdos con la FARC son un camino al desarrollo y, al tratarse de unos acuerdos trasversales a toda la política socioeconómica del país, también resultan más importantes que el crecimiento económico.
Satisfacción de usuarios frente al servicio al cliente de una empresa prestadora de servicios públicos
Authors: Cardona Evelyn Magaly , Quiceno Capto Jesús Daniel , Trujillo Ramírez Diana Carolina
Published: July 2023

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de satisfacción en el servicio de atención al cliente, en una empresa prestadora de servicios públicosen el Departamento del Amazonas, Colombia. El propósito de esta investigación de tipo mixta, en campo y transversal, es fundar escenarios de recomendaciones que permitan a la empresa de energía fortalecer sus políticas de servicio, cooperando así para que los usuarios sean atendidos de forma óptima y con calidad. Por medio de los instrumentos aplicados, se evidenció un resultado aceptable en el servicio de atención al cliente, con oportunidades de mejora, concretamente en tiempos de respuesta a los requerimientos, seguimiento y monitoreo a la satisfacción del usuario, así como en la proyección de la ampliación del área de atención al cliente, que, de mejorarse, permitiría cumplir con mayor satisfacción los objetivos y las políticas del área y de la organización.
La gestión de talento humano como proceso estratégico en el desarrollo organizacional
Authors: Álvarez Contreras Diana Esther
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo de reflexión plantea una mirada a la gestión de talento humano (gth) como área estratégica y apoyo a los procesos organizacionales. El tema se centra principalmente en analizar la gestión de talento humano como proceso estratégico en el desarrollo de las empresas. Para ello, se realizó revisión documental y análisis en artículos indexados y posturas teóricas. Es así como se aborda la revisión teórica y conceptual de gestión de las personas como proceso estratégico, que es clave para la captación de personal de acuerdo a las necesidades empresariales, los retos y el rol estratégico del área para la optimización del proceso. Como resultado, se enfatiza la efectividad del área en la captación de personas comprometidas y su adaptación a las realidades organizacionales. En conclusiones se resalta el impacto de la gth como proceso estratégico para atraer personas en la cantidad y calidad requerida por la empresa
Effective nano Cyclodextrin-TKIs drug delivery for cancer therapy
Authors: Dastjerdi M.
Published: July 2023

Nanotechnology-based studies pursuing the innovative cancer treatment methods, particularly using drug delivery systems, have significantly increased over the past few years. Some of the impacts of using such systems include the increased cytotoxic activity of drugs, reduced unwanted side effects, and a more stable and controlled release of drugs. Particularly using the targeted delivery systems with helping novel nanocarriers made it possible to kill cancer cells specifically. Meanwhile, Cyclodextrins were known as natural cyclic oligosaccharides which serve the intended purposes. Many cancer researchers were interested in them due to the multiple advantages of a variety of materials utilized as nanocarriers for medication delivery. Regarding their unique structure, they can benefit hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. On the other hand, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with their properties to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, are the valuable drugs of choice for various types of cancer. In this regard, cyclodextrins were used as nano-drug delivery systems to transport tyrosine kinase inhibitors in recent studies by researchers. In this review, some recent medical applications of cyclodextrin-based nanocarriers for the delivery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the synthesis methods of cyclodextrin-based compounds have been discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of using cyclodextrin along with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of various cancers were mentioned.
A Perspective into Development of Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Roads: A Review
Authors: Lingwanda Mwajuma Ibrahim
Published: July 2023

The definition of low volume roads (LVRs) is not time static and it varies from place to place around the world. The importance of such roads for providing access, in connecting communities and link farms to markets is well appreciated worldwide. LVRs are credited as the direct source of social economic development in rural communities, growth, reduction of poverty and sustaining livelihood. Nevertheless, the LVR network is growing at an unsatisfactory rate especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The slow rate in developing LVR network is attributed to the high cost of construction and maintenance. To the author’s perspective, research has a significant role in lowering both maintenance and construction costs and in turn realise a growth in the network size and adequacy. To demonstrate the importance of research in road development, a comparison has been made between the current and the previous pavement design methods for LVRs in Tanzania. The improvement so far has been in the determination of subgrade strength using the Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) method instead of the less accurate and more demanding California Bering Ratio (CBR) method; a simpler approach in estimating design traffic load that is also less conservative; encouraging the use of local natural materials which could be marginal for construction instead of the conventional but expensive crushed rock; and improvement in layer design which result to less pavement thickness. While all these improvements enhance saving in pavement cost, it is argued that further development is possible through research especially in local materials and procedures.
Simple Slab Elements for Environmentally Friendly Construction Technology
Authors: Makunza John
Published: July 2023

Concrete industry poses a great threat to the environment not only by its consumption of natural resources, but also in its role on the global emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from cement industries which in turn results into global warming. In light of these scenarios, serious interventions have to be incorporated in designs to promote sustainable construction and prevent environmental pollution and degradation. In order to minimize the use of cement, a study has been done by developing simple soil arch elements which can be used to support the topping concrete slab of around 30 mm thick. The technique utilizes the semi-prefab technology and therefore eliminates the use of shuttering for slab panel construction. Through this study, it has been shown that the consumption of cement is reduced to 49.32% while the timber formwork is reduced to 60.00%. The technique is recommended for application in upper floor slab casting as it reduces the cost of construction and is environmentally friendly.
Aportes do escoamento na escala mensal: estação fluviométrica Palmares/PE.
Authors:   , Guilherme da Silva Márcio
Published: July 2023

Estudos sobre a contribuição hídrica em rios ao longo do ano é de extrema importância para o atendimento das demandas aos usuários de água em uma bacia hidrográfica. Este trabalho refere-se à análise da vazão através da separação dos escoamentos em hidrogramas (subterrâneo e superficial direto) e a determinação de índice de escoamento de base em dados mensais na estação fluviométrica Palmares, PE, para o período de janeiro de 1977 a dezembro de 2007. Foi utilizada planilha MS EXCEL para confecção das curvas vazão versus tempo e uso de funções lineares no traçado que interliga as inflexões de início de ascensão e período de recessão fluvial ao longo da série temporal. Para o cálculo dos índices de escoamento, foi utilizada metodologia de integração numérica nas áreas delimitadas no hidrograma, resultando nos volumes escoados. A discretização nas vertentes meses de cheia e de seca, bem como a inclusão de eventos precipitantes de El Niño e La Niña, permitiu quantificar o domínio do fluxo de base de forma mais detalhada segundo características diferenciadas de sazonalidade e climatologia. O fluxo basal nos anos de El Niño foi superior em 18,21% para os meses de estiagem e em 27,40% para meses chuvosos, comparando-se com os anos de La Niña. A metodologia apresentada neste trabalho contribui para melhores abordagens no uso dos instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas.
Crescimento e produção do capim tifton 85 submetido a doses de nitrogênio e irrigado com água residuária.
Authors:   , Erivan do Nascimento Sousa José
Published: July 2023

Diante das condições climáticas das regiões Semiáridas e, consequentemente a baixa produção de alimentação animal, há a necessidade de desenvolvimento de técnicas e práticas que possam minimizar esta problemática. A utilização de resíduos na produção de pastagens vem se tornando uma prática promissora e viável, por reduzir os custos de produção e os impactos ambientais causados pelos resíduos descartados de forma inadequada. Portanto, objetivou-se com o referente trabalho analisar o crescimento e produção do capim Tifton 85 irrigado com água residuária doméstica tratada e adubação proveniente de cama de aviário, em ambiente protegido, entre os meses de junho a dezembro de 2016. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial de 5 x 2, onde foram usadas cinco doses de nitrogênio (0; 15; 30; 45 e 60 kg ha-1) oriundas de cama de aviário e duas fontes de água de irrigação (água residuária doméstica tratada e água de poço artesiano) com quatro repetições totalizando 40 unidades experimentais. O cultivo do capim foi feito em vasos distribuídos em ambiente protegido e submetido à irrigação diária de acordo com a evapotranspiração da cultura. O crescimento do capim apresentou diferenças significativas apenas no quarto corte em função da água utilizada na irrigação. Já a produção do capim Tifton 85, avaliada em função da massa verde e seca, foi maior nas plantas irrigadas com água residuária em todos os cortes, apresentando diferenças significativas em todos os cortes, com exceção apenas do primeiro corte. O crescimento e produção do capim não apresentaram diferenças significativas em função das doses de nitrogênio proveniente da cama de aviário em nenhum dos cortes. A água residuária doméstica tratada promove a reposição hídrica e ainda contribui para um maior desenvolvimento e produção do Tifton 85.
Investigação in silico da interação do monoterpeno 4-terpineol com o receptor GABA A.
Authors:   , Camilla Cordeiro Braz Luana
Published: July 2023

Considerando a lacuna atualmente existente nos tratamentos da Epilepsia, que são ineficazes em 30% dos casos, é necessária a busca de novos compostos. O monoterpeno 4-terpineol (4TRP) demonstra ação anticonvulsivante, sendo um potencial fármaco antiepiléptico. O surgimento de novas ferramentas da Bioinformática e da Biologia Computacional tem possibilitado avaliar in silico prováveis interações entre biomoléculas, tais como candidatos a fármacos e proteínas-alvo. Vários anticonvulsivantes atuam por meio de receptores do ácido γ-aminobutírico (aminoácido GABA) e, além disso, o sistema GABAérgico constitui um dos principais alvos estudados na Psicofarmacologia. A partir do indicativo experimental da interação do 4TRP com essa via, este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir no estudo dos mecanismos de ação do 4TRP por meio do docking molecular com modelos tridimensionais de receptores do GABA tipo A (GABAARs). As estruturas dos enantiômeros do 4TRP foram obtidas na ZINC Database e foram utilizadas estruturas dos GABAARs obtidas por meio de modelagem comparativa. As simulações de docking molecular foram realizadas pelo programa AutoDock 4.2 configurado para uso do algoritmo genético lamarckiano com os parâmetros padrão. Os complexos gerados foram ranqueados em ordem crescente de energia, selecionados os dez primeiros para cada docking e analisados no programa Visual Molecular Dynamics. Para o GABAAR α1β2γ2, o (-)4TRP exibiu a menor energia livre de ligação de -6,25 kcal/mol, enquanto o (+)4TRP, -5,89 kcal/mol. Os melhores complexos sugeriram a interação do 4TRP na porção extracelular da subunidade γ2, indicando um possível sítio de ligação. Em concordância com dados experimentais previamente existentes, o sítio mostrou-se diferente daquele dos benzodiazepínicos. No docking molecular com a subunidade δ, foram obtidas para o (-) e (+)4TRP menores energias livres de ligação de -6,06 e -5,94 kcal/mol, respectivamente. A subunidade γ2 é expressa em seis subtipos do GABAAR já identificados, enquanto a subunidade δ forma quatro subtipos extrassinápticos do receptor e, a partir desses resultados, espera-se a interação do 4TRP com esses subtipos. A interação in silico do 4TRP com os GABAARs, em conjunto com a evidência experimental da relação do fármaco com o sistema GABAérgico e da sua atividade anticonvulsivante indicam que um possível mecanismo de ação do 4TRP no sistema nervoso relaciona-se às subunidades γ2 e δ dos GABAARs. Esses resultados poderão nortear futuros ensaios de investigação da ação do 4TRP e de outros anticonvulsivantes.
Produção de bioetanol por co-cultivo de fungos.
Authors:   , Renato Guimarães José
Published: July 2023

O grande desafio para a produção de etanol de segunda geração consiste em buscar estratégias que possibilitem a bioconversão dos polissacarídeos presentes nos materiais lignocelulósicos em carboidratos simples. Neste sentido, os conhecimentos da área biotecnológica vêm atuando no desenvolvimento de configurações de processo que atuam na eficiência do rendimento em açúcares fermentescíveis para a produção de bioetanol. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um processo para produção de etanol de segunda geração, a partir da biomassa lignocelulósica, utilizando co-cultivo de fungos. Foram abordadas duas condições de cultivo para favorecer a utilização dos microrganismos envolvidos no processo. Na primeira etapa, em condição aeróbia, o fungo filamentoso CDSA12 foi induzido a sintetizar enzimas capazes de hidrolisar os polissacarídeos em açúcares fermentescíveis. Na segunda etapa, em condição anaeróbia, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1 metabolizou os carboidratos bioconvertidos pelas enzimas celulolíticas em etanol. O mosto foi constituído pelo bagaço in natura no Experimento 1 e pelo bagaço pré-tratado hidrotermicamente no Experimento 2. Os resultados mostram que o processo de produção de bioetanol por co-cultivo de fungos é eficiente para reduzir os custos vinculados à utilização de enzimas comerciais para a hidrólise da celulose. O fungo CDSA12 foi capaz de excretar a enzima carboximetilcelulase (CMCase) apresentando a mesma atividade enzimática de 0,465 e 0,54 U.mL-1 para os Experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Durante todo o processo, o pH permaneceu na faixa ótima para a produção de CMCase quando sintetizada a partir de fungo filamentoso. Os polissacarídeos hidrolisados (Açúcar Redutor - AR) apresentaram concentração máxima de 18,89 e 18,83 g.L-1 nos Experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Nos Experimentos 1 e 2 o rendimento referente a conversão de celulose em etanol foi de 0,341 e 0,182 g.g-1, enquanto a produtividade em etanol foi de 0,244 e 0,391 g.L-1.h-1, respectivamente. Portanto, a configuração do processo de produção de bioetanol por co-cultivo de fungos torna-se viável para reduzir os custos operacionais do sistema produtivo.
Bioprospecção de renina a partir de fungos filamentosos da caatinga.
Authors:   , Grasielle Rodrigues de Oliveira Laisa
Published: July 2023

As proteases constituem uma das mais importantes enzimas utilizadas em processos industriais, principalmente na indústria de alimentos, sendo uma de suas principais aplicações no setor de laticínios, como coagulante de leite em processos de fabricação de queijo. No intuito de otimizar a área de laticínios, novas fontes de enzimas coagulantes estão sendo pesquisadas, proporcionando uma busca de novas linhagens microbianas produtoras destas enzimas. A coagulação do leite por enzimas microbianas é um dos métodos que vem se tornando dos mais vantajosos por permitir redução dos custos do processo e sua produção em larga escala por fermentação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a produção de renina por fungos da Caatinga e a eficácia destas enzimas na coagulação do leite. A produção da renina se deu via fermentação submersa e a análise da atividade coagulante foi realizada por meio de testes de coagulação do leite. Os sobrenadantes dos fungos CDSA01, CDSA24 e CDSA72, cultivados na presença de caseína, como estimulante, apresentaram atividade coagulante. O CDSA01 e CDSA24 apresentaram melhores atividades coagulantes, de 9,88UAC/mL e 11,54UAC/mL, respectivamente, nos tempos de 24 horas e 96 horas de fermentação, já o CDSA72 apresentou melhor atividade coagulante de todos os sobrenadantes, de 16,17 UAC/mL no tempo de 72 horas de fermentação.
Ethnic Minority Microparticles have Distinct Pro-Thrombotic and Pro-Oxidative Phenotypes and Interact Differentially with Endothelial Cells in vitro: Implications for Risk to Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: C.J. Pritchard , G.A. Lacey , A.B. Hackney , M. Henshaw , A.J. Kulbicki , M.S. Saund , A. Akubueze , A.R. Baydoun , N. Martin
Published: July 2023

Ethnic minority individuals are disproportionately susceptible to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Microparticles (MP) are biologically active membrane-bound nanovesicles released from cells that act as biomolecular shuttles. Plasma MP was isolated from healthy White, Black African, and South Asian individuals and analysed using flow cytometry. Their effects and interactions were assessed using fluorescence, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. Total MP and a sub-population of smaller MP associated with dysfunction and disease progression were significantly increased in Black African individuals. Pro-thrombotic and pro-oxidant MP were substantially more numerous in Black African individuals. The tissue factor activity of ethnic minority MP was significantly greater than White MP. Ethnic minority MP induced significantly greater functional changes and morphology to an endothelial cell line in vitro and integrated into endothelial cells noticeably more than White MP. These data imply distinct differences in ethnic minority MP, suggesting a role in CVD susceptibility.
Hva er politisk retorikk?
Authors: Berge Kjell Lars
Published: July 2023

Artikkelen presenterer en forskningsoversikt over studiet av politisk retorikk internasjonalt og i Norden. I artikkelen defineres retorikk og politikk hver for seg og i forhold til hverandre. Det gis en samlet definisjon av hva politisk retorikk er og kan være. Det gis et forslag til hvordan fenomenet kan forstås. I artikkelen argumenteres det for at politisk retorikk må forstås som normativt forankret og situert. Artikkelen gir eksempler på ulike retoriske former og genrer med vekt på det norske og nordiske politiske systemet, og norske og nordiske politiske tradisjoner.
Brokete bilder av byer. En toposanalyse av tre omdømmefilmer
Authors: Brinch Jørgensen Iben
Published: July 2023

Skandinaviske kommuner og byer konkurrerer om å profilere seg som de mest attraktive bo- og investeringsstedene. Ett av midlene de benytter for å skape seg en posisjon, er å produsere en “omdømmefilm”. Artikkelen utvikler en metode for toposanalyse av visuelle tekster gjennom analyse av tre omdømmefilmer; fra Drammen og Larvik i Norge og fra Århus i Danmark. De kan se ut som harmløse reklamer for tre byer i Skandinavia, men i kraft av sin visuelle topikk er omdømmefilmene sterkt politisert. De fungerer epideiktisk ved å rangere fellesskapets verdier, vise oss samfunnets vinnere – og derfor også tapere – og peker dermed ut en prioritering av hva og hvem fellesskapet skal satse på.
Ontologi/logologi; Mening; Retorik eller rum/tid
Authors: Stagnell Alexander
Published: July 2023

Översättning och introduction av Alexander Stagnell, efter originalen “Ontologie/logologie”, “Sens” &  “Rhéto­rique ou espace/temps” i Barbara Cassins L’archipel des idées de Barbara Cassin, Paris, Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2014, 23-27, 29-34 & 41-49. Med vänligt tillstånd från förlaget.
Adorno som Bjørnson-tolker
Authors: Åslund Arnfinn
Published: July 2023

I sitt posthume verk, Estetisk teori (1970), ­kritiserer Theodor W. Adorno det sublime slik det ble presentert i tradisjonen fra Kant. Han vil løsrive begrepet fra dets idealistiske arv og dets positive innhold. Ifølge Adorno representerer den sublime rystelsen en erfaring av det rene nærværets negativitet. Subjektet erkjenner seg selv som natur, ikke som ideal størrelse hevet over den. ”Ørneredet” (1859) av den ­norske forfatteren Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson fungerer som eksempel på denne dynamikken. Fortellingen integrerer de sosiale motivene knyttet til utelukkelse og anerkjennelse og relaterer dem til motsetningen mellom natur og kultur. På den måten demonstrerer fortellingen spenningen mellom en tradisjonell, idealistisk versjon av det sublime, og det vi kan kalle en modernistisk eller negativ versjon av det sublime slik vi finner den hos Adorno.
Rationaler og potentialer i moderne retsretorik: En kortlægning af feltet
Authors: Gabrielsen Jonas
Published: July 2023

Relationen mellem retorik og jura er lige så gammel som fagene selv. Retorisk uddannelse og teoribygning knyttede sig i antikken tæt til praksis inden for den forensiske retorik. Dykker man ned i den moderne retsretoriske litteratur erfarer man dog hurtigt, at retsretorik i dag er andet og mere end (effektiv) retorik i retten. De to fag, retorik og jura, sammentænkes på en række forskellige måder og gør retsretorik til en mangefacetteret disciplin. Med afsæt i centrale retsretoriske bidrag argumenteres for, at det retsretoriske felt kan inddeles i tre overordnede forståelsesrammer: Retsretorik qua ­praktisk kommunikation (i retten), retsretorik qua metodiske og didaktiske overvejelser (på jurastudiet), og retsretorik qua diskussioner af (rets)filosofisk karakter.
When everything is NOT awesome
Authors: Hoff-Clausen Elisabeth
Published: July 2023

I 2014 gik en video fra Greenpeace viralt, som opfordrede Lego til at afbryde deres samarbejde med Royal Dutch Shell. Videoen rejste en uformel anklage og inviterede sit publikum til at støtte den, og det gjorde mere en million mennesker. En omdømmekrise blev påført de to globale virksomheder. Artiklen diskuterer den retorik, som muliggjorde den aktivistiske effekt og reflekterer over, hvorvidt Greenpeace satte et eksempel, der er værd at efterligne. Der argumenteres for, at videoens mobiliserende effekt ikke kan forklares alene ud fra dens spektakulære form og indhold. Vi må se også på klimakrisen som kontekst, og hvordan dens iboende affekt betød, at de følelsesmæssige appeller i videoen fik gennemslagskraft. Det var i høj grad den aktuelle klimakrise, sådan som den var indskrevet i videoen, der gjorde det muligt for Greenpeace at skabe en brændende platform for forandring i Lego og Shells adfærd. Artiklen retter den retoriske kritikers blik mod affekt som retorisk vilkår og krisen som en kontekst præget af destabilisering, hvor strukturer kan blive åbne for reform.
“Men så skedde inte i Sverige” – om anklagens anatomi
Authors: Iversen Stefan , Lykke Nørremark Rebekka
Published: July 2023

Til trods for at forsvaret og undskyldningen har haft en central plads i retorik- og kommunikationsforskningen de seneste årtier, har det natur­lige modstykke, anklagen, fået overraskende beskeden retorikfaglig opmærksomhed. Denne artikel bidrager til at udbedre dele af denne mangel, idet den opstiller en definition af anklagen som en situeret ytring, hvor nogen tilskriver skyld til en gruppe eller et individ. Defini­tionen knytter anklagen til udsagn om fortidige begivenheder, som har udgjort brud på skrevne eller uskrevne normer, og artiklen argumenterer for, at fortællingens logik smitter af på og er bestemmende for anklagens form og funktion. Artiklen bringer definitionen i spil gennem nær­læsninger af forskellige anklager fra den debat, der opstod i de skandinaviske lande i 2020 i forlængelse af coronakrisen. Spændt ud mellem ­ned­slag i en strengt formel juridisk anklage for lovbrud og en uformel, privat anklage, vier artiklen det meste af sin analytiske opmærksomhed til en offentlig anklage, der dels er interessant i sig selv i kraft af sin komplekse komposition, dels er eksemplarisk for, hvordan anklager tilskriver skyld ved hjælp af fortællinger, nemlig en artikel fra Dagens Nyheter, hvor svenske forskere anklagede embedsmænd og den svenske regering for embedsforsømmelse.
En folketaler med socialistisk patos. Martin Andersen Nexøs tale: "Fattigper og Fremtiden"
Authors: Roer Hanne
Published: July 2023

Martin Andersen Nexø’s speech at the Dynæs-gathering in 1913 is the most important of the many speeches he gave as a public orator, agitator, and popular lecturer, in Denmark and abroad. After an introduction to Danish oratory in the period, this article presents a close textual analysis of the speech, revealing Nexø’s synthesis of different traditions. In 1919, Nexø turned to communism, defending in the decades to come the Soviet Union. His change of ideology did not mean that his way of appealing to the emotions of the audience changed. Hence his oratory is characterized by a generalized pathos, as defined by Madsen and Lund (2021). Nexø’s ortho-dox, communist ideology (after 1919) may explain why there has been little research in his work as popular orator and lec turer. However, his rhetorical works are interesting because they – like his literary works – are marked by original pathos appeals, which made him one of the most popular speakers and writers in the 20th century
Canonical Subspaces of Linear Time-Varying Differential-Algebraic Equations and Their Usefulness for Formulating Accurate Initial Conditions
Authors: Hanke Michael , März Roswitha
Published: July 2023

Accurate initial conditions have the task of precisely capturing and fixing the free integration constants of the flow considered. This is trivial for regular ordinary differential equations, but a complex problem for differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) because, for the latter, these free constants are hidden in the flow. We deal with linear time-varying DAEs and obtain an accurate initial condition by means of applying both a reduction technique and a projector based analysis. The highlighting of two canonical subspaces, the flow-subspace and its canonical complement, plays a special role. In order to be able to apply different DAE concepts simultaneously, we first show that the very different looking rank conditions on which the regularity notions of the different concepts (elimination of unknowns, reduction, dissection, strangeness, and tractability) are based are de facto consistent. This allows an understandingof regularity independent of the methods.
SUMO Roundabout Simulation with Human in the Loop
Authors: Previati Giorgio , Mastinu Gianpiero
Published: July 2023

Traffic simulators rely on calibrated driver models in order to reproduce human behavior in different traffic scenarios. Even if quite accurate results can be obtained, the actual interaction between human being and traffic cannot be completely reproduced. In particular, as automated vehicles are being developed, the human in the loop is required to understand whether drivers feel comfortable and safe in mixed traffic conditions. In recent years, dynamic driving simulators have been developed to test vehicles in complex or dangerous situations in safe and controlled environments. However, driving simulators are mostly devoted to the study of vehicle dynamics more than traffic situations.This paper presents an integration of SUMO with a high end dynamic driving simulator with the aim to study human reactions while negotiating a roundabout in mixed traffic conditions. SUMO is in charge of traffic simulation, while a full vehicle model is employed for the simulation of the dynamic of the human driven car. To allow a human to effectively drive the car, both simulation environments have to run in real time while exchanging the required information. Also, scenario graphics, sound and driving simulator feedback motion have to be accurately realized and synchronized with the simulations. A real-time server is employed for the synchronization of the different environments. As SUMO does not consider vehicle dynamics, particular attention is devoted to the a realistic reconstruction of trajectories and vehicle dynamics to be represented in the scenario. Some preliminary tests are shown where a panel of testers has been asked to negotiate the roundabout with different percentages of automated vehicles. The results of the tests show that drivers were able to perceive differences in the behavior of other vehicles and that the proposed approach is effective for understanding the feeling of comfort and safety of the human driver.
Comparing Measured Driver Behavior Distributions to Results from Car-Following Models using SUMO and Real-World Vehicle Trajectories from Radar
Authors: Schrader Max , Al Abdraboh Mahdi , Bittle Joshua
Published: July 2023

In this study, the physical principles governing car-following (CF) behavior and their impact on traffic flow at signalized intersections are investigated. High temporal-resolution radar data is used to provide valuable insights into actual CF behavior, including acceleration, deceleration, and time headway distribution. Demand-calibrated SUMO simulations are run using empirical CF parameter distributions, and three CF models are evaluated: IDM, EIDM, and Krauss. By emulating radar data in SUMO and processing simulated vehicle traces, discrepancies between empirical and simulated parameter distributions are identified. Further analysis includes comparisons with default SUMO CF model parameters. The findings reveal that measured accelerations differ from CF model parameter accelerations and using the empirical value ($\mu = 0.89m/s^2$) leads to unrealistic simulations that fail volume-based calibration. Default parameters for all three models reasonably approximate the mean and median of measured parameters, but fail to capture the true distribution shape, partly due to homogeneity when using default parameters. The results show that it is more effective to simulate with the default parameters provided by SUMO rather than using measurements of real-world distributions without additional calibration. Future work will investigate closing the loop between the measured real-world and SUMO distributions using traditional calibration tactics, as well as assess the impact of calibrated vs. default CF parameters on simulation outputs like fuel consumption.
Effects of Route Randomization on Urban Emissions
Authors: Cornacchia Giuliano , Nanni Mirco , Pedreschi Dino , Pappalardo Luca
Published: July 2023

Routing algorithms typically suggest the fastest path or slight variation to reach a user's desired destination. Although this suggestion at the individual level is undoubtedly advantageous for the user, from a collective point of view, the aggregation of all single suggested paths may result in an increasing impact (e.g., in terms of emissions).In this study, we use SUMO to simulate the effects of incorporating randomness into routing algorithms on emissions, their distribution, and travel time in the urban area of Milan (Italy). Our results reveal that, given the common practice of routing towards the fastest path, a certain level of randomness in routes reduces emissions and travel time. In other words, the stronger the random component in the routes, the more pronounced the benefits upon a certain threshold. Our research provides insight into the potential advantages of considering collective outcomes in routing decisions and highlights the need to explore further the relationship between route randomization and sustainability in urban transportation.
Framework for Simulating Cyclists in SUMO
Authors: Kaths Heather , Roosta Aboozar
Published: July 2023

Cyclists pose an interesting challenge in the microscopic modeling and simulation of urban traffic. Like motorists, cyclists can move on roadways, tend to have one main axis of movement (longitudinal), and cannot change their velocity instantaneously. However, like pedestrians, cyclists are less bound by lane discipline and are often less rule-oriented than motorists. They flexibly adjust their lateral position within a lane, fluidly move between different types of infrastructure (bicycle lane, sidewalk, roadway), and tactically select their pathways across intersections. Their interactions with other road users are more intuitive and less defined by the lane markings. How should the behavior of such adaptable road users be modeled? In SUMO, modifications to the simulation environment enable the application of car-based models to cyclists. A driving lane is divided into multiple sub-lanes along the longitudinal axis. Lane change and car-following models can be calibrated and applied to simulate realistic bicycle and mixed traffic using this approach. However, the flexible nature of cyclists, particularly at intersections or when switching between different types of infrastructure, is difficult to simulate. A modeling framework for linking the paradigms used to simulate motor vehicle traffic (one-dimensional lane-based models) and pedestrian traffic (two-dimensional social force type models) is presented. Guidelines are used to lead each cyclist through the network while they move freely on a two-dimensional plane, their movement and interactions governed by an adapted social force model. The conceptual framework and an openly available Python package CyclistModel are introduced, and advantages and possible use cases are discussed.