bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Evidence of Ultrafast Energy Delocalization in a Strongly Coupled Organic Microcavity probed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy
Authors: Russo Mattia , Georgiou Kyriacos , Genco Armando , De Liberato Simone , Cerullo Giulio , Lidzey David G. , Othonos Andreas , Maiuri Margherita , Virgili Tersilla
Published: September 2022

Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast energy delocalization between 2μm distanced donor/acceptor molecules confined in a microcavity. This mechanism is promoted by the formation of hybrid-polariton states that induces a coupling in the entire system.
Following the flow of excitation inside a material with attosecond core-level soft X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Sidiropoulos T.P.H. , Di Palo N. , Rivas D.E. , Severino S. , Reduzzi M. , Nandy B. , Bauerhenne B. , Krylow S. , Vasileiadis T. , Danz T. , Elliott P. , Sharma S. , Dewhurst K. , Ropers C. , Joly Y. , Garcia K. M. E. , Wolf M. , Ernstorfer R. , Biegert J.
Published: September 2022

Attosecond core-level soft X-ray spectroscopy iidentifies the energy conversion pathways between photons, charge carriers and lattice in real time in graphite.
Carrier-envelope phase-dependent high harmonic generation via loosely focused 10-TW sub-two-cycle pulses
Authors: Xu Lu , Xue Bing , Midorikawa Katsumi , Takahashi Eiji J.
Published: September 2022

By employing the dual-chirped optical parametric amplification and type-I BiBO crystals, an over 100 mJ, 10.4 fs, 10 Hz, carrier-to-envelope phase (CEP) stable laser pulses centered at 1.7 μm is achieved, which results in a peak power of 10 TW. In addition, the sub-two-cycle pulse duration and CEP stabilization are identified by the CEP-dependent high harmonic generation via a loosely focused geometry.
Spatiotemporal Control of Femtosecond Pulses
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhu Wenqi , Huo Pengcheng , Song Junyeob , Lezec Henri J. , Xu Ting , Agrawal Amit
Published: September 2022

Arbitrary spatiotemporal shaping requires complete control of the electric-field vector at each space-time coordinate. Here, we demonstrate simultaneous and independent tailoring of spatial and temporal properties of femtosecond pulses using a single-layer dielectric metasurface.
Photoinduced Dimension Crossover in 1T-TiSe2
Authors: Zong Alfred , Cheng Yun , Li Jun , Xia Wei , Duan Shaofeng , Zhao Wenxuan , Li Yidian , Qi Fengfeng , Wu Jun , Zhao Lingrong , Zhu Pengfei , Zou Xiao , Jiang Tao , Guo Yanfeng , Yang Lexian , Qian Dong , Zhang Wentao , Kogar Anshul , Zuerch Michael W. , Xiang Dao , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2022

1T-TiSe2 hosts a 3D charge-density-wave (CDW) state that also features exciton condensation. We find that photoexcitation suppresses the 3D CDW while creating a 2D CDW, a process controlled by the excitonic correlations in the system.
Generating Electron Beams exceeding 100 keV by Direct Laser Acceleration using Longitudinal Electric Fields
Authors: Powell J. , Payeur S. , Fourmaux S. , Vallières S. , Lassonde P. , Ibrahim H. , Kieffer J. C. , MacLean S. , Légaré F.
Published: September 2022

We report on the generation of electron beams exceeding 100 keV by direct laser acceleration in a low-density gas using longitudinal electric fields. The scaling of electron energy with increasing pulse energy is discussed.
Ultrafast Photo-induced Dynamics and Chromophore Coupling in Cyclic Azobenzene Dimers
Authors: Wellmann Malte , Megow Sebastian , Renth Falk , Gosh Souvik , Staubitz Anne , Temps Friedrich
Published: September 2022

The photo-induced dynamics of cyclic azobenzene dimers with different linker sizes were studied by femtosecond transient electronic absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, showing distinct excited-state dynamics and electronic chromophore coupling depending critically on distance.
Imaging femtosecond intramolecular hydrogen migration via polarization-Averaged molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions
Authors: Hatada Keisuke , Abe Shigeru , Goto Soki , Tamura Yoshiaki , Ota Fukiko , Xue Hao , Kanno Manabu , Kishimoto Naoki , Ueda Kiyoshi , Díaz-Tendero Sergio , Martín Fernando
Published: September 2022

We investigated the signature of ultrafast hydrogen dynamics in Polarization-Averaged Molecular-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions and studied intramolecular hydrogen migrations by the spectra for CH3OH2+, C2H5OH2+ and C3H7OH2+.
Femtosecond pulse engineering for bright solid-state quantum emitters
Authors: Wilbur Grant R. , Binai-Motlagh Ali , Clarke Alison , Ramachandran Ajan , Milson Nick , Healey John P. , O’Neal Sabine , Deppe Dennis G. , Hall Kimberley C.
Published: September 2022

For triggered single photon sources, resonant pumping of a quantum emitter is desired for maximal indistiguishability, but there is a need to reject the scattered pump light from the excitation laser. Here we offer a deterministic, robust scheme for initializing the quantum emitter with zero excitation light at the emission energy using general pulse shaping techniques.
Large-mode-area soliton fiber oscillator mode-locked with linear self-stabilized Sagnac-interferometer
Authors: Edelmann Marvin , Pergament Mikhail , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate an all-polarization-maintaining large-mode-area fiber oscillator mode-locked with a Kerr-type linear Sagnac-interferometer. The laser produces low-noise soliton-like pulses with 5.4 nJ pulse energy and 900 fs pulse duration.
Singlet and Excimer Exciton Diffusion in Perylene Derivative Nanoparticles
Authors: Rehhagen Chris , Rafiq Shanawaz , Schwarz Kyra N. , Scholes Gregory D. , Lochbrunner Stefan
Published: September 2022

Both, singlet and excimer exciton diffusion are demonstrated in Perylene Orange nanoparticles by transient absorption spectroscopy. Excimer-excitons in particles with strong intermolecular coupling are even more mobile than singlet excitons of particles with weak coupling.
Momentum Dependent Hot Carrier Cooling in Tin Selenide
Authors: Olsen Nicholas , Dai Yanan , Lu Yiyang , Zheng Zhenfa , Zheng Qijing , Zhao Jin , Zhu Xiaoyang
Published: September 2022

Tin selenide, a thermoelectric semiconductor, has gained attention for its high thermoelectric efficiency. Time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals longer hot carrier lifetimes at the conduction band minimum than at the Γ point.
From Femtosecond Excited-State and Dissociation Dynamics to Nanosecond Reaction Kinetics: Following C-H Bond Activation with X-rays
Authors: Jay Raphael M. , Banerjee Ambar , Leitner Torsten , Stefanuik Robert , Wang Ru-Pan , Harich Jessica , Beale Emma , Kabanova Victoria , Kahraman Abdullah , Wach Anna , Ozerov Dimitri , Arrell Christopher A. , Johnson Philip J. M. , Smolentsev Grigory , Huthwelker Thomas , Borca Camilia N. , Cirelli Claudio , Bacellar Camila , Milne Christopher J. , Huse Nils , Odelius Michael , Wernet Philippe
Published: September 2022

Using ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we observe how a rhodium carbonyl catalyst is formed on femtosecond timescales and reveal the decisive orbital interactions which facilitate the efficient cleavage of an alkane C-H bond from solution.
Two-in-One: Rotation and Photoluminescence Dynamics of Artificial Molecular Motors
Authors: Pshenichnikov Maxim S. , Hoang Nong V. , Pfeifer Lukas , Crespi Stefano , Feringa Ben L.
Published: September 2022

We present dynamics of the first prototype of artificial molecular motors exhibiting the dual function of rotary motion and photoluminescence. This provides a non-invasive way to locate and operate these machines in complex (bio)environments.
10 fs, 1.5 PW Laser with Nonlinear Pulse Compression in KDP Crystal
Authors: Ginzburg Vladislav , Yakovlev Ivan , Kochetkov Anton , Kuzmin Alexey , Mironov Sergey , Shaikin Ilya , Shaykin Andrey , Khazanov Efim
Published: September 2022

The 18J, 60fs laser pulse was compressed to 10fs after passing through KDP crystal and reflecting from chirping mirrors. The experiments were performed at В-integral up to 19 without visible damages of the optical elements.
Photo-Switchable Nanoripples in Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Volkov Mikhail , Willinger Elena , Kuznetsov Denis A. , Müller Christoph R. , Fedorov Alexey , Baum Peter
Published: September 2022

Femtosecond laser pulses induce reversibly switchable nanoripples in Ti3C2T
x
MXene, a versatile 2D plasmonic material. Ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy indicate a 230-fs time constant that is attributed to ripple formation via plasmon-phonon coupling.
Single- to Sub-cycle Pulse Generation by Self-compression in Hollow Capillary Fibers with Decreasing Pressure Gradients
Authors: Galán Marina Fernández , Jarque Enrique Conejero , Roman Julio San
Published: September 2022

We theoretically demonstrate the optimization of near-infrared sub-cycle pulse self-compression in gas-filled hollow capillary fibers using decreasing pressure gradients, identifying the optimal input parameters and the main advantages of this technique.
Coherent Vibrational Dynamics of Exciton Self-Trapping in Lead-Free Double Halide Perovskites
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Kabacinski Piotr , Hosseini Hemen , Li Shunran , Camargo Franco V.A. , Guo Peijun , Cerullo Giulio
Published: September 2022

We have directly observed the vibrationally coherent formation of self-trapped excitons in perovskites using sub-30 fs UV-pumped transient absorption spectroscopy. Strongly damped, excited-state structural distortions promote its formation on a sub-110 fs time scale.
Non-equilibrium steady states periodically driven by a long-lived coherent phonon in 2H-MoTe2
Authors: Fukuda Takumi , Makino Kotaro , Saito Yuta , Fons Paul , Kolobov Alexander V. , Ando Atsushi , Mori Takuya , Ishikawa Ryo , Ueno Keiji , Afalla Jessica , Hase Muneaki
Published: September 2022

We explore non-equilibrium states in a two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide under periodical phonon driving. A time-frequency analysis reveals strong coupling between electrons and a long-lived coherent phonon, leading to phonon-combination modes in the early time region.
Generation of Elliptically Polarized High-Order Harmonics from Solids Driven by Linearly Polarized Mid-Infrared and Terahertz Two-Color Field
Authors: Tang Yaguo , Li Sha , Talbert Bradford K. , Agostini Pierre , DiMauro Louis F.
Published: September 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of elliptically polarized high-order harmonic light from ZnO thin film driven by a linearly polarized mid-infrared (70 fs, 3.6 μm) pulse combined with a weak linearly polarized quasi-static terahertz field.
In situ control and nanofocusing of extreme ultraviolet solid-state high harmonics
Authors: Korobenko Aleksey , Rashid Sabaa , Heide Christian , Naumov Andrei Yu. , Reis David A. , Berini Pierre , Corkum Paul B. , Vampa Giulio
Published: September 2022

In this work we use helium ion beam nanolithography to structure the surface of an MgO crystal and control the emission of extreme-ultraviolet high harmonics. We demonstrate their focusing to below 300 nm in waist diameter.
Breaking the electronic-optical dynamics correspondence via non-perturbative nonlinearities in ultrafast plasmonics
Authors: Schirato Andrea , Crotti Giulia , Silva Mychel Gonçalves , Teles-Ferriera Danielle C. , Manzoni Cristian , Zaccaria Remo Proietti , Laporta Paolo , de Paula Ana Maria , Cerullo Giulio , Valle Giuseppe Della
Published: September 2022

We combine hot-electron dynamical modelling and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the onset of non-perturbative effects of optical nonlinearities in plasmonic nanostructures, breaking the correspondence between dynamics of optical signal and photoexcited hot carriers.
Time-resolved Photoemission Orbital Tomography of Excitons in C60
Authors: Matthijs Jansen G. S. , Bennecke Wiebke , Hemm Ralf , Schmitt David , Bange Jan Philipp , Reutzel Marcel , Steil Daniel , Luke D. Russell , Steil Sabine , Aeschlimann Martin , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Mathias Stefan
Published: September 2022

Photoemission orbital tomography (POT) allows for the complete characterization of the electronic and structural properties of well-ordered molecular films. We present femtosecond time-resolved POT data, allowing to image the ultrafast energy conversion in C60 through three different excitonic states.
Ultrafast chiroptical switching in UV-excited molecules
Authors: Wanie Vincent , Bloch Etienne , Månsson Erik P. , Colaizzi Lorenzo , Saraswathula Krishna , Ryabchuk Sergey , Légaré François , Trabattoni Andrea , Blanchet Valérie , Heitz Marie-Catherine , Ben Amor Nadia , Mairesse Yann , Pons Bernard , Calegari Francesca
Published: September 2022

A novel light source delivering few-cycle UV pulses is used to reveal an ultrafast modulation of the chiroptical properties of photoexcited chiral molecules, probed by time-resolved photoelectron circular dichroism. We report a periodic inversion of photoelectron emission direction in methyl-lactate on a timescale as short as 6fs.
Giant Optical Nonlinearities and Ultrafast Control of Optical Symmetry via IR-Resonant Raman Scattering
Authors: Khalsa Guru , Benedek Nicole A. , Moses Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Raman scattering via ionic dipoles is a forgotten pathway that produces giant optical nonlinearities in crystals when a field is IR resonant, offering ultrafast control of optical symmetry and constants from THz to visible frequencies.
Ultrafast Dynamics of “Reverse Protonation” in the Red Fluorescent Protein mKeima
Authors: Bhutani Garima , Verma Pratima , Chattopadhyay Kausik , De Arijit K.
Published: September 2022

We investigate ultrafast dynamics of excited-state proton transfer coupled with cis-trans isomerization in the red fluorescent protein mKeima, elucidating the mechanism of “reverse protonation” and how it is fine-tuned by pH of the local environment.
Absolute Carrier-Envelope-Phase Dependence of Dissociative Ionization of Acetonitrile by Few-Cycle Intense Laser Pulses
Authors: Yoshii Masaki , Matsubara Takuya , Ando Toshiaki , Iwasaki Atsushi , Rathje Tim , Paulus Gerhard G. , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: September 2022

We investigate the carrier-envelope phase dependences of the dissociative ionization processes of acetonitrile induced by intense near-IR few-cycle laser pulses based on the asymmetry in the emission direction of fragment ions.
Ultrafast electronic manipulation of magnetic anisotropy in orthoferrite by resonant f-f transition in the mid infrared
Authors: Kurihara Takayuki , Fitzky Gabriel , Leitenstorfer Alfred , Nakajima Makoto
Published: September 2022

We excite ultrafast spin reorientation in orthoferrite Sm0.7Er0.3FeO3 in the mid-infrared by resonant f-f electronic transition or phononic pumping. The instantaneous onset of reorientation by electronic pumping suggests femtosecond nonthermal modification of magnetic anisotropy.
Control of achiral and chiral media with synthetic chiral vortex beams
Authors: Mayer Nicola , Ayuso David , Ivanov Misha , Smirnova Olga
Published: September 2022

We combine bicircular vortex beams to create chiral vortices with azimuthally varying handedness. The vortex can imprint its local chirality on atoms and transfer its global topology on the dipole response from chiral molecules.
A simplified method for ultrashort pulse characterization based on two-color photoemission
Authors: Di Palo Nicola , Moio Bruno , Inzani Giacomo , Dolso Gian Luca , Medeghini Fabio , Varillas Rocio Borrego , Nisoli Mauro , Lucchini Matteo
Published: September 2022

We present a novel method, named STRIPE, for the complete temporal characterization of ultrashort light pulses. By applying STRIPE to both simulated and experimental data, we demonstrate its superior performances against other established reconstruction algorithms.
Pseudoheterodyne near-field microscopy at kHz repetition rates
Authors: Palato Samuel , Schwendke Philipp , Grosse Nicolai B. , Stähler Julia
Published: September 2022

We present quadrature-assisted discrete demodulation, which circumvents constraints imposed on the repetition rate by lock-in detection. The method enables pseudo-heterodyne near-field microscopy with kHz fs laser systems.
The effect of methylation on the intersystem crossing dynamics of 2-thiouracil: Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of 2-thiothymine
Authors: Ullrich Susanne , Mohamadzade Abed , Shrestha Sarita , Qu Yingqi
Published: September 2022

The ultrafast internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) dynamics of 2-thiouracil (2TU) and 2-thiothymine (2TT) are studied with time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) to investigate the effect of methylation on the deactivation mechanism.
Comparative single-cell transcriptional atlases of Babesia species reveal conserved and species-specific expression profiles
Authors: Rezvani Yasaman , Keroack Caroline D. , Elsworth Brendan , Arriojas Argenis , Gubbels Marc-Jan , Duraisingh Manoj T. , Zarringhalam Kourosh
Published: September 2022

Babesia is a genus of apicomplexan parasites that infect red blood cells in vertebrate hosts. Pathology occurs during rapid replication cycles in the asexual blood stage of infection. Current knowledge of Babesia replication cycle progression and regulation is limited and relies mostly on comparative studies with related parasites. Due to limitations in synchronizing Babesia parasites, fine-scale time-course transcriptomic resources are not readily available. Single-cell transcriptomics provides a powerful unbiased alternative for profiling asynchronous cell populations. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 3 Babesia species (B. divergens, B. bovis, and B. bigemina). We used analytical approaches and algorithms to map the replication cycle and construct pseudo-synchronized time-course gene expression profiles. We identify clusters of co-expressed genes showing “just-in-time” expression profiles, with gradually cascading peaks throughout asexual development. Moreover, clustering analysis of reconstructed gene curves reveals coordinated timing of peak expression in epigenetic markers and transcription factors. Using a regularized Gaussian graphical model, we reconstructed co-expression networks and identified conserved and species-specific nodes. Motif analysis of a co-expression interactome of AP2 transcription factors identified specific motifs previously reported to play a role in DNA replication in Plasmodium species. Finally, we present an interactive web application to visualize and interactively explore the datasets.
Population genetic models for the spatial spread of adaptive variants: A review in light of SARS-CoV-2 evolution
Authors: Steiner Margaret C. , Novembre John
Published: September 2022

Theoretical population genetics has long studied the arrival and geographic spread of adaptive variants through the analysis of mathematical models of dispersal and natural selection. These models take on a renewed interest in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially given the consequences that novel adaptive variants have had on the course of the pandemic as they have spread through global populations. Here, we review theoretical models for the spatial spread of adaptive variants and identify areas to be improved in future work, toward a better understanding of variants of concern in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution and other contemporary applications. As we describe, characteristics of pandemics such as COVID-19—such as the impact of long-distance travel patterns and the overdispersion of lineages due to superspreading events—suggest new directions for improving upon existing population genetic models.
Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Zhao Xin , Guo Jun , Jia Xiaoyuan , Yang Yaling , Liu Lijuan , Nie Weizhong , Fang Zhiqiang
Published: September 2022

Leptospirosis, one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, is an emerging public health problem, particularly in large urban centers of developing countries. Leptospirosis results from infection with an organism belonging to the Leptospira genus L. interrogans. The extensive invasive ability has previously been documented, however a mechanism that describes how the organism is internalized by human macrophages and transmigrates through human blood vessel remains poorly understood. In the present study, we utilized a human macrophage and vascular endothelial cell line to study the diverse invasive mechanisms by which L. interrogans infections occur. We found that THP-1 and HUVEC had a diverse expression of cell receptors and L. interrogans entered THP-1 and HUVEC by different pathways. In the macrophage model cell line, ITGB1/FAK-signaling mediated microfilament dependent endocytosis with lysosome fusion, whereas ITGB1/CAV-1/PI3K-signaling mediated microfilament dependent endocytosis and transcytosis without lysosome fusion in the endothelial cell model. Shedding of pathogenic leptospires from HUVEC displayed higher viability than those from THP-1. The monolayer of HUVEC maintained integrity during the infection, while 3D imaging showed that leptospires were transmigrated both intra- and intercellularly. These results indicate that endocytosis of leptospires in human macrophages and human vascular endothelial cells are quite different, macrophages are responsible for eliminating leptospires in the human body during the infection while vascular endothelial cells facilitate dissemination of leptospires from blood vessels into target organs where they cause injury.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is associated with a better glycemic control than multiple daily insulin injections without difference in diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia admissions among Emiratis with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Almazrouei Raya , Sharma Charu , Afandi Bachar , Aldahmani Khaled M. , Aburawi Elhadi H. , Beshyah Salem A. , ElGhazali Gehad , Al Yafei Zain , Al-Rifai Rami H. , Alkaabi Juma
Published: September 2022

Aims

To characterizes Emiratis patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and compares outcomes between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) users. The WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) score was used to screen for depression.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and insulin replacement regimens were collected on patients with T1D between 2015–2018.

Results

134 patients with mean age of 20.9±7.5 years were included. Females constitute 56.7% and 50.7% had diabetes duration of >10 years. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at presentation was reported in 46.3%. Average glycemic control over preceding 12months was satisfactory (less than 7.5%), suboptimal (7.5–9%), and poor (more than 9%) in 26.6%, 42.7% & 30.6% of the patients, respectively. Higher proportion of patients using CSII achieved satisfactory or suboptimal glycemic control compared to patients with MDI (P = 0.003). The latest median /IQR HbA1c was significantly lower (P = 0.041) in patients using CSII (8.2 /1.93%) compared to MDI (8.5/2.45%). There was no significant difference between two groups in DKA, severe hypoglycemia or total WHO-5 score.

Conclusions

CSII usage was associated with better glycemic control than MDI, although no difference in DKA and severe hypoglycemia. The overall glycemic control among Emiratis subjects with T1D is unsatisfactory and needs more rigorous patient counseling and education.
Unilateral cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the parietal area modulates postural control depending with eyes open and closed
Authors: Oka Shinichiro , Ikeda Takuro , Mitsutake Tsubasa , Ogata Katsuya , Goto Yoshinobu
Published: September 2022

Objective

Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (C-tDCS) is generally assumed to inhibit cortical excitability. The parietal cortex contributes to multisensory information processing in the postural control system, and this processing is proposed to be different between the right and left hemispheres and sensory modality. However, previous studies did not clarify whether the effects of unilateral C-tDCS of the parietal cortex on the postural control system differ depending on the hemisphere. We investigated the changes in static postural stability after unilateral C-tDCS of the parietal cortex.

Methods

Ten healthy right-handed participants were recruited for right- and left-hemisphere tDCS and sham stimulation, respectively. The cathodal electrode was placed on either the right or left parietal area, whereas the anodal electrode was placed over the contralateral orbit. tDCS was applied at 1.5 mA for 15 min. We evaluated static standing balance by measuring the sway path length (SPL), mediolateral sway path length (ML-SPL), anteroposterior sway path length (AP-SPL), sway area, and the SPL per unit area (L/A) after 15-minute C-tDCS under eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) conditions. To evaluate the effects of C-tDCS on pre- and post-offline trials, each parameter was compared using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with factors of intervention and time. A post-hoc evaluation was performed using a paired t-test. The effect sizes were evaluated according to standardized size-effect indices of partial eta-squared (ηp2) and Cohen’s d. The power analysis was calculated (1-β).

Results

A significant interaction was observed between intervention and time for SPL (F (2, 27) = 4.740, p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.260), ML-SPL (F (2, 27) = 4.926, p = 0.015, ηp2 = 0.267), and sway area (F (2, 27) = 9.624, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.416) in the EO condition. C-tDCS over the right hemisphere significantly increased the SPL (p < 0.01, d = 0.51), ML-SPL (p < 0.01, d = 0.52), and sway area (p < 0.05, d = 0.83) in the EO condition. In contrast, C-tDCS over the left hemisphere significantly increased the L/A in both the EC and EO condition (EO; p < 0.05, d = 0.67, EC; p < 0.05, d = 0.57).

Conclusion

These results suggest that the right parietal region contributes to static standing balance through chiefly visual information processing during the EO condition. On the other hand, L/A increase during EC and EO by tDCS over the left parietal region depends more on somatosensory information to maintain static standing balance during the EC condition.
The use of non-model Drosophila species to study natural variation in TOR pathway signaling
Authors: Steenwinkel Tessa E. , Hamre Kailee K. , Werner Thomas
Published: September 2022

Nutrition and growth are strongly linked, but not much is known about how nutrition leads to growth. To understand the connection between nutrition through the diet, growth, and proliferation, we need to study the phenotypes resulting from the activation and inhibition of central metabolic pathways. One of the most highly conserved metabolic pathways across eukaryotes is the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway, whose primary role is to detect the availability of nutrients and to either induce or halt cellular growth. Here we used the model organismDrosophila melanogaster(D.mel.) and three non-modelDrosophilaspecies with different dietary needs,Drosophila guttifera(D.gut.),Drosophila deflecta(D.def.), andDrosophila tripunctata(D.tri.), to study the effects of dietary amino acid availability on fecundity and longevity. In addition, we inhibited the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway, using rapamycin, to test how the inhibition interplays with the nutritional stimuli in these four fruit fly species. We hypothesized that the inhibition of the TOR pathway would reverse the phenotypes observed under conditions of overfeeding. Our results show that female fecundity increased with higher yeast availability in all four species but decreased in response to TOR inhibition. The longevity data were more varied: most species experienced an increase in median lifespan in both genders with an increase in yeast availability, while the lifespan ofD.mel. females decreased. When exposed to the TOR inhibitor rapamycin, the life spans of most species decreased, except forD.tri, while we observed a major reduction in fecundity across all species. The obtained data can benefit future studies on the evolution of metabolism by showing the potential of using non-model species to track changes in metabolism. Particularly, our data show the possibility to use relatively closely relatedDrosophilaspecies to gain insight on the evolution of TOR signaling.
Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii suppresses the phytopathogen, Cochliobolus heterostrophus and modulates maize defenses
Authors: Ahmad Imtiaz , Jiménez-Gasco María del Mar , Luthe Dawn S. , Barbercheck Mary E.
Published: September 2022

Fungi in the genus Metarhizium (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are insect-pathogens and endophytes that can benefit their host plant through growth promotion and protection against stresses. Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler (Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae) is an economically-significant phytopathogenic fungus that causes Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) in maize. We conducted greenhouse and lab-based experiments to determine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber on growth and defense in maize (Zea mays L.) infected with C. heterostrophus. We inoculated maize seeds with spores of M. robertsii and, at the 3 to 4-leaf stage, the youngest true leaf of M. robertsii-treated and untreated control plants with spores of C. heterostrophus. After 96 h, we measured maize height, above-ground biomass, endophytic colonization by M. robertsii, severity of SCLB, and expression of plant defense genes and phytohormone content. We recovered M. robertsii from 74% of plants grown from treated seed. The severity of SCLB in M. robertsii-treated maize plants was lower than in plants inoculated only with C. heterostrophus. M. robertsii-treated maize inoculated or not inoculated with C. heterostrophus showed greater height and above-ground biomass compared with untreated control plants. Height and above-ground biomass of maize co-inoculated with M. robertsii and C. heterostrophus were not different from M. robertsii-treated maize. M. robertsii modulated the expression of defense genes and the phytohormone content in maize inoculated with C. heterostrophus compared with plants not inoculated with C. heterostrophus and control plants. These results suggest that endophytic M. robertsii can promote maize growth and reduce development of SCLB, possibly by induced systemic resistance mediated by modulation of phytohormones and expression of defense and growth-related genes in maize.
Understanding and comparing the medical tourism cancer patient with the locally managed patient: A case control study
Authors: Wangai Mary W. , Wangai Frederick K. , Njiri Francis , Wangai Enan N. , Wangai Paul , Nyongesa Catherine , Kinuthia John
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Medical tourism is characterized by people seeking treatment abroad for various medical conditions due to varied reasons, many of whom benefit from specialized care for non-communicable diseases. Conversely, there are associated negative effects such as medical complications and weakened health systems. Currently, there is paucity of scientific evidence on patient-related factors influencing seeking treatment benefits abroad. This study sought to compare patient-related factors associated with choice of cancer treatment center locally or abroad, to understand reasons for seeking treatment outside Kenya.

Materials and methods

As a case-control study, 254 cancer patients were randomly sampled to compare responses from those who chose to receive initial treatment abroad or in Kenya. The cases were recruited from Ministry of Health while the controls from Kenyatta National Hospital and Texas Cancer Center. Data was analyzed using SPSS Software Version 21. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out. Level of significance was set at 5%.

Results

Out of 254 respondents, 174 (69.5%) were treated for cancer in Kenya and 80 (31.5%) in India. We found that cost effectiveness was a significant factor for over 73% of all respondents. The study revealed independent predictors for seeking treatment in India were: monthly income higher than US$ 250; every additional month from when disclosure to patients was done increased likelihood by 1.16 times; physician advice (Odds Ratio(OR) 66; 95% Confidence Interval(CI) 7.9–552.9); friends and family (OR 42; 95% CI 7.07–248.6); and perception of better quality of care (OR 22.5; 95% CI 2.2–230.6).

Conclusion

Reasons patients with cancer sought treatment in India are multifactorial. Several of these can be addressed to reverse out-ward bound medical tourism and contribute to improving the in-country cancer healthcare. It will require strengthening the health system accordingly and sensitizing the medical fraternity and general public on the same.
Impact of COVID-19 on quality checks of solid tumor molecular diagnostic testing-A surveillance by EQAS provider in India
Authors: Shetty Omshree , Shet Tanuja , Iyer Ramya , Gogte Prachi , Gurav Mamta , Joshi Pradnya , Karnik Nupur , Pai Trupti , Epari Sridhar , Desai Sangeeta
Published: September 2022

Background

Molecular tests in solid tumours for targeted therapies call for the need to ensure precision testing. To accomplish this participation in the External Quality Assessment Program (EQAS) is required. This evaluates the consistency of diagnostic testing procedures and offers guidance for improving quality. Outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic led to worldwide lockdown and disruption of healthcare services including participation in EQAS.The present study describes the extended scope of EQAS offered byMPQAP (Molecular Pathology Quality Assurance Program), the first proficiency test provider for solid tumor diagnostics in India. The study surveys the preparedness of molecular testing laboratories in routine diagnostics and participation for quality assessment scheme.

Methods

A documented guideline for measures and precautions to be carried by testing laboratories in performing routine diagnostic tests during the lockdown period were charted and distributed to all MPQAP participant centres. A survey was conducted for MPQAP participants to check whether laboratories were involved in COVID-19 testing and to evaluate the impact of lockdown on the operations of diagnostics procedures. From the acquired response of the survey, 2 cycles out of initially proposed 11 cycles were executed with transformed approach using digital tools and image interpretation modules.

Findings

Out of 25 solid tumour testing laboratories registered as participants, 15 consented to participate in survey. The summary of survey conveyed the impact of COVID-19onroutine operations of diagnostics tests such as shortcomings in inventory and human resource management. Thirteen participants showed active willingness and consented to participate in EQAS test scheme.

Interpretations

The survey findings and assessment of EQAS cycles endorsed the quality testing procedures carried by participating laboratories throughout the lockdown. It highlighted the utility of EQAS participation during pandemic along with emphasis on safety measures for continual improvement in quality of diagnostic services.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 infection in Iran: A multicenter study
Authors: Rostami-Maskopaee Fereshteh , Ladomenou Fani , Razavi-Amoli Seyedeh-Kiana , Navaeifar Mohammad Reza , Hajialibeig Azin , Shahbaznejad Leila , Hosseinzadeh Fatemeh , Haghighi Aski Behzad , Manafi Anari Ali , Mohammadi Mohsen , Rahmati Mohammad Bagher , Shorafa Eslam , Abootalebi Seyedenarjes , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 in five different geographical regions of Iran.

Methods

In this multicenter observational study, patients <21 years were included between March 2020 and October 2021. By Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) checklist, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiology findings, and treatment were collected. Statistical analysis was using Chi-square and t-test in STATA14.

Results

In total 225 patients with median age of 55 (26–96) months were included that 59.56% boys. 57.33% were admitted to the PICU with a median of 7 days (4–10). 95.56% of patients were discharged with recovery and the rest died. All of the patients in our study were included based on the MIS-C criteria. However, some patients had Kawasaki symptoms, so we compared the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the two groups. Conjunctival injection, cervical lymphadenopathy>1.5 cm diameter, and strawberry tongue in Kawasaki-like MIS-C patients were higher than of MIS-C patients, and this difference was significant(p<0.001). The most common comorbidity was obesity (24.86%). Most patients tested for COVID-19 and about 60% of the patients had a positive test by serology or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gastrointestinal (88.89%) and hematologic signs (84.44%) were most common. Most drugs used in patients were IVIG and steroids. 88.07% and 61.29% of the patients had at least one problem in echocardiography and lung CT, respectively.

Conclusions

The best outcome was seen in patients who were treated with both IVIG and steroids on the first days of admission. Myocarditis was common in two groups of patients. According to most patients had echocardiography abnormal, screening of heart function is recommended for patients.
Seasonal changes in proportion of cardiac surgeries associated with diabetes, smoking and elderly age
Authors: Peták Ferenc , Kovács Barbara N. , Agócs Szilvia , Virág Katalin , Nyári Tibor , Molnár Andrea , Südy Roberta , Lengyel Csaba , Babik Barna
Published: September 2022

Background

Seasonal variations in the ambient temperature may affect the exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases. Our primary objective was to evaluate the seasonality of the monthly proportion of cardiac surgeries associated with diabetes, smoking and/or elderly age at a tertiary-care university hospital in East-Central Europe with a temperate climate zone. As a secondary objective, we also assessed whether additional factors affecting small blood vessels (smoking, aging, obesity) modulate the seasonal variability of diabetes.

Methods

Medical records were analyzed for 9838 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 2007–2018. Individual seasonal variations of diabetes, smoking, and elderly patients were analyzed monthly, along with the potential risk factors for cardiovascular complication. We also characterized whether pairwise coexistence of diabetes, smoking, and elderly age augments or blunts the seasonal variations.

Results

Seasonal variations in the monthly proportion of cardiac surgeries associated with diabetes, smoking and/or elderly age were observed. The proportion of cardiac surgeries of non-elderly and smoking patients with diabetes peaked in winter (amplitude of change as [peak-nadir]/nadir: 19.2%, p<0.02), which was associated with increases in systolic (6.1%, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressures (4.4%, p<0.05) and serum triglyceride levels (27.1%, p<0.005). However, heart surgery in elderly patients without diabetes and smoking was most frequently required in summer (52.1%, p<0.001). Concomitant occurrence of diabetes and smoking had an additive effect on the requirement for cardiac surgery (107%, p<0.001), while the simultaneous presence of older age and diabetes or smoking eliminated seasonal variations.

Conclusions

Scheduling regular cardiovascular control in accordance with periodicities in diabetes, elderly, and smoking patients more than once a year may improve patient health and social consequences.

Trial registration

NCT03967639.
C-reactive protein concentrations are higher in dogs with stage IV chronic kidney disease treated with intermittent hemodialysis
Authors: Picelli de Azevedo Maria Gabriela , Salgueiro Geraldes Silvano , Bilbau Sant’Anna Paula , Poloni Batista Beatriz , Rodrigues Maia Suellen , Silveira de Moraes Reiner , Moreira dos Santos Schmidt Elizabeth , Ferreira de Souza Fabiana , Melchert Alessandra , Pinheiro Ferreira João Carlos , Rezende Dadalto Carmel , Mogollón García Henry David , Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto Priscylla Tatiana
Published: September 2022

In chronic kidney disease dogs, the inflammatory process increases C-reactive protein concentrations. This study aimed to determine C-reactive protein serum concentrations in stage IV chronic kidney disease dogs treated with intermittent hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 23 dogs allocated into three groups: control group (CG, n = 7), intermittent hemodialysis group (IHG, n = 8) and clinical treatment group (CTG, n = 8), both comprised of stage IV chronic kidney disease dogs. One blood sample from CG (initial evaluation) and two samples from IHG and CTG (first- and last-moment) were obtained to determine C-reactive protein concentration, total leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, total plasma protein, serum albumin, urea, creatinine, and phosphorus. C-reactive protein was higher in IHG compared to CG in the first- and last-moments (p <0.001) and compared to CTG in the first-moment (p = 0.0406). C-reactive protein presented moderate positive correlation with leukocytes (r = 0.5479; p = 0.01), and moderate negative correlation with albumin (r = - 0.5974; p = 0.006) and red blood cells (r = - 0.5878, p = 0.01). A high correlation coefficient was observed in the tests’ evaluation (CI = 0.59–0.78; r = 0.70; P<0.0001). In conclusion, both assays used in this study to measure C-reactive protein have provided safe and reliable quantification of the results. Additionally, despite IHG dogs presented an active inflammatory profile, intermittent hemodialysis has proven to be beneficial, leading to a clinical improvement in life quality of patients, and thus being recommended for stage IV CKD dogs when performed by trained professionals.
Too serious to ignore: The epidemiologic and economic burden of home injuries in the Southwest Region of Cameroon—A community-based study
Authors: Cole Eunice Oben Bessem , Christie S. Ariane , Oke Rasheedat , Motwani Girish , Dickson Drusia , Chendjou William , Mbianyor Mbiarikai , Dicker Rochelle , Juillard Catherine , Chichom-Mefire Alain
Published: September 2022

Background

Home injuries are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, including Cameroon, many people live in unplanned settlements with poorly constructed houses, predisposing them to home injuries. However, little is known about the epidemiology and care-seeking behaviors of the domestically injured. In this study, our objective was to determine the epidemiology and care-seeking behaviors of home injuries in the Southwest Region of Cameroon.

Methods

A sub-analyses of a larger descriptive cross-sectional community-based study on injury epidemiology in the preceding 12 months was conducted. Sampling was done using three-stage cluster sampling technique. Differences between groups were evaluated using Chi-squared and Adjusted Wald tests.

Results

Of 8065 participants, 157 suffered home injuries giving an incidence of 19.6 (16.8–23.0 95% CI) cases per 1000-person years. Home injuries comprised 31.2% of all 503 injuries and affected more females (60.8%) and younger individuals (mean age (SE) 25.1 years (2.0)) than non-home injuries. The most common activity and mechanism of home injury was leisure/play (51%) and falls (37.9%) respectively. Amongst those with home injuries, 37.6% did not seek care from any care provider (versus 25.0% of non-home injuries, p = 0.004) and were more likely to seek treatment within the family or at home (p = 0.008) or at church (p = 0.010). Those with home injuries experienced a median of 14 disability days and 22.9% of families faced difficulties affording basic expenses (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Home injuries comprise about a third of the Southwest Region of Cameroon’s burden of injury and likely have a profound socioeconomic impact. Though these injuries cause severe disabilities, a large proportion of victims do not seek care from providers. Prevention efforts should address the design of homes and victims of home injury should be encouraged to utilize formal care services.
Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum causing vascular bacterial wilt under different agro-climatic regions of West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghorai Ankit Kumar , Dutta Subrata , Roy Barman Ashis
Published: September 2022

The bacterial wilt disease of solanaceous crops incited byRalstonia solanacearumis a menace to the production of solanaceous vegetables all over the world. Among the agro climatic zones of West Bengal, India growing solanaceous vegetables, the maximum and minimum incidence of bacterial wilt was observed in Red and Lateritic zone (42.4%) and Coastal and Saline zone (26.9%), respectively. The present investigation reports the occurrence of bacterial wilt of Bottle gourd byR.solanacearumSequevar 1–48 for the first time in India. Two new biovars (6 and 3b) along with biovar 3 have been found to be prevalent in West Bengal. Under West Bengal condition, the most predominant Sequevar was I-48 (75%) followed by I-47 (25%). Low genetic variation (18.9%) among agro climatic zones (ACZs) compared to high genetic variation (81.1%) within revealed occurrence of gene flow among these ACZs. Standard genetic diversity indices based on the concatenated sequences of the seven genes revealed ACZ-6 as highly diverse among five agro climatic zones. The multi locus sequence analysis illustrated occurrence of synonymous or purifying selection in the selected genes in West Bengal and across world. Under West Bengal conditions maximum nucleotide diversity was observed for the genegyrB. Occurrence of significant recombination was confirmed by pairwise homoplasy test (θ = 0.47*) among the RSSC isolates of West Bengal, belonging to Phylotype I. Phylotype I isolates of West Bengal are involved in exchange of genetic material with Phylotype II isolates. In case of worldwide RSSC collection, eleven significant recombination events were observed among the five phylotypes. Phylotype IV was genetically most diverse among all the Phylotypes. The most recombinogenic phylotype was Phylotype III. Further, the most diverse gene contributing to the evolution of RSSC worldwide was observed to be endoglucanase (egl).