bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Welding Characteristics Analysis and Application on Spacecraft of Friction Stir Welded 2A14-T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Luo Haitao , Wu Tingke , Fu Jia , Wang Wei , Chen Ning , Wang Haonan
Published: February 2019

According to the actual size parameters, the finite element model (FEM) of friction stir welding (FSW) was established, and the FEM was updated by experiments. The FSW of the 2A14-T6 high-strength aluminum alloy was simulated under a reasonable welding process parameter range, and the welding process parameters with good simulation effect were determined. The test was carried out under the same parameters, and the axial force of the FSW tool and temperature of the workpiece measuring point were collected. The comparison between the simulated data and the experimental data is reasonable, indicating the correctness of the FEM. The microstructure analysis of the welded joint shows that the grain size in the upper part of the weld nugget was smaller than that in the middle and lower parts, and there are obvious boundaries of grain size in each region of the joint. The hardness of the joint in the upper layer is higher than that in the middle and lower layers, and the minimum Vickers hardness value of the joint appears near the interface between the thermo-mechanically affected zone and the heat-affected zone on both sides of the weld. Tensile testing shows that the strength coefficient of the joint reaches 82.5% under this process parameter, and the sample breaks at the intersection of the material flow during stretching. After analyzing the final mechanical properties of the joint, we found that a degree of aerospace application can be achieved. Under this parameter, the welding test was carried out on the top cover of the rocket fuel tank. Firstly, melon valve welding, which is relatively difficult in welding conditions, was carried out, and a high-quality joint with good surface and no defects was obtained.
A Comparative Study between Regression and Neural Networks for Modeling Al6082-T6 Alloy Drilling
Authors: Karkalos Nikolaos E. , Efkolidis Nikolaos , Kyratsis Panagiotis , Markopoulos Angelos P.
Published: February 2019

Apart from experimental research, the development of accurate and efficient models is considerably important in the field of manufacturing processes. Initially, regression models were significantly popular for this purpose, but later, the soft computing models were proven as a viable alternative to the established models. However, the effectiveness of soft computing models can be often dependent on the size of the experimental dataset, and it can be lower compared to that of the regression models for a small-sized dataset. In the present study, it is intended to conduct a comparison of the performance of various neural network models, such as the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN), and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models with the performance of a multiple regression model. For the development of the models, data from drilling experiments on an Al6082-T6 workpiece for various process conditions are employed, and the performance of models related to thrust force (Fz) and cutting torque (Mz) is assessed based on several criteria. From the analysis, it was found that the MLP models were superior to the other neural networks model and the regression model, as they were able to achieve a relatively lower prediction error for both models of Fz and Mz.
Brain Redox Imaging Using In Vivo Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging and Nitroxide Imaging Probes
Authors: Fujii Hirotada G. , Emoto Miho C. , Sato-Akaba Hideo
Published: February 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism. Under normal physiological conditions, oxidative damage is prevented by the regulation of ROS by the antioxidant network. However, increased ROS and decreased antioxidant defense may contribute to many brain disorders, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Noninvasive assessment of brain redox status is necessary for monitoring the disease state and the oxidative damage. Continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) imaging using redox-sensitive imaging probes, such as nitroxides, is a powerful method for visualizing the redox status modulated by oxidative stress in vivo. For conventional CW-EPR imaging, however, poor signal-to-noise ratio, low acquisition efficiency, and lack of anatomic visualization limit its ability to achieve three-dimensional redox mapping of small rodent brains. In this review, we discuss the instrumentation and coregistration of EPR images to anatomical images and appropriate nitroxide imaging probes, all of which are needed for a sophisticated in vivo EPR imager for all rodents. Using new EPR imaging systems, site-specific distribution and kinetics of nitroxide imaging probes in rodent brains can be obtained more accurately, compared to previous EPR imaging systems. We also describe the redox imaging studies of animal models of brain disease using newly developed EPR imaging.
Families of Integrals of Polylogarithmic Functions
Authors: Sofo Anthony
Published: February 2019

We give an overview of the representation and many connections between integrals of products of polylogarithmic functions and Euler sums. We shall consider polylogarithmic functions with linear, quadratic, and trigonometric arguments, thereby producing new results and further reinforcing the well-known connection between Euler sums and polylogarithmic functions. Many examples of integrals of products of polylogarithmic functions in terms of Riemann zeta values and Dirichlet values will be given. Suggestions for further research are also suggested, including a study of polylogarithmic functions with inverse trigonometric functions.
Saccharoquinoline, a Cytotoxic Alkaloidal Meroterpenoid from Marine-Derived Bacterium Saccharomonospora sp.
Authors: Le Tu Cam , Lee Eun Ju , Lee Jihye , Hong Ahreum , Yim Chae-Yoon , Yang Inho , Choi Hyukjae , Chin Jungwook , Cho Sung Jin , Ko Jaeyoung , Hwang Hayoung , Nam Sang-Jip , Fenical William
Published: February 2019

A cytotoxic alkaloidal meroterpenoid, saccharoquinoline (1), has been isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived bacterium Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, and MS spectroscopic data analyzes, while the relative configuration of 1 was defined through the interpretation of NOE spectroscopic data. Saccharoquinoline (1) is composed of a drimane-type sesquiterpene unit in combination with an apparent 6,7,8-trihydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid. This combination of biosynthetic pathways was observed for the first time in natural microbial products. Saccharoquinoline (1) was found to have cytotoxicity against the HCT-116 cancer cell line by inducing G1 arrest, which leads to cell growth inhibition.
Detoxification Mechanism of 8,8-Dimethyl-3-[(R-phenyl)amino]-1,4,5(8H)-naphthalentrione Derivatives by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Mendoza Leonora , Vivanco Marcela , Melo Ricardo , Castro Paulo , Araya-Maturana Ramiro , Cotoras Milena
Published: February 2019

The effect of 8,8-dimethyl-3-[(R-phenyl)amino]-1,4,5(8H)-naphthalentrione derivatives (compounds 1–13) on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. The fungitoxic effect depended on the substituent and its position in the aromatic ring. Compounds substituted with halogens in meta and/or para positions (compounds 3, 4, 5 and 7), methyl (compounds 8 and 9), methoxyl (compounds 10 and 11), or ethoxy-carbonyl groups (compound 12) presented higher antifungal activity than compound 1, which had an unsubstituted aromatic ring. In addition, compounds with halogens in the ortho position, such as compounds 2 and 6, and a substitution with an acetyl group in the para position (compound 13) were less active. The role of the ABC efflux pump Bctr B-type as a defense mechanism of B. cinerea against these naphthalentrione derivatives was analyzed. This pump could be involved in the detoxification of compounds 2, 6, and 13. On the contrary, this mechanism would not participate in the detoxification of compounds 1, 7, 9 and 12. Finally, the biotransformation of compound 7 by B. cinerea was studied. A mixture of two biotransformed products was obtained. One of them was compound 7A, which is reduced at C1 and C4, compared to compound 7. The other product of biotransformation, 7B, is oxidized at C7.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Quinoline Derivatives as a Novel Class of Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Fu Hai-Gen , Li Zhi-Wen , Hu Xin-Xin , Si Shu-Yi , You Xue-Fu , Tang Sheng , Wang Yan-Xiang , Song Dan-Qing
Published: February 2019

Nineteen new quinoline derivatives were prepared via the Mannich reaction and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G−) bacteria, taking compound 1 as the lead. Among the target compounds, quinolone coupled hybrid 5d exerted the potential effect against most of the tested G+ and G− strains with MIC values of 0.125–8 μg/mL, much better than those of 1. Molecular-docking assay showed that compound 5d might target both bacterial LptA and Top IV proteins, thereby displaying a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. This hybridization strategy was an efficient way to promote the antibacterial activity of this kind, and compound 5d was selected for the further investigation, with an advantage of a dual-target mechanism of action.
CCR5/CXCR4 Dual Antagonism for the Improvement of HIV Infection Therapy
Authors: Grande Fedora , Occhiuzzi Maria Antonietta , Rizzuti Bruno , Ioele Giuseppina , De Luca Michele , Tucci Paola , Svicher Valentina , Aquaro Stefano , Garofalo Antonio
Published: February 2019

HIV entry in the host cell requires the interaction with the CD4 membrane receptor, and depends on the activation of one or both co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. Former selective co-receptor antagonists, acting at early stages of infection, are able to impair the receptor functions, preventing the viral spread toward AIDS. Due to the capability of HIV to develop resistance by switching from CCR5 to CXCR4, dual co-receptor antagonists could represent the next generation of AIDS prophylaxis drugs. We herein present a survey on relevant results published in the last few years on compounds acting simultaneously on both co-receptors, potentially useful as preventing agents or in combination with classical anti-retroviral drugs based therapy.
Sclerin, a New Cytotoxic Cyclononapeptide from Annona scleroderma
Authors: Cen-Pacheco Francisco , Valerio-Alfaro Gerardo , Santos-Luna Dalia , Fernández José Javier
Published: February 2019

A new cytotoxic cyclononapeptide, sclerin, cyclo(–Dab1–Ser2–Tyr3–Gly4–Thr5–Val6–Ala7– Ile8–Pro9–) (1), was isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Annona scleroderma, together with the known metabolite, cyclosenegalin A, cyclo(–Pro1–Gly2–Leu3–Ser4–Ala5–Val6–Thr7–) (2). The planar structures for the two compounds were established by comprehensive analysis of NMR and ESI-HRMS data, and the absolute stereochemistry was stablished by Marfey’s method. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU-145 at µM concentration.
Religious Nationalism in a Global World
Authors: Juergensmeyer Mark
Published: February 2019

The rise of new forms of religious nationalism at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries is to a large extent a by-product of globalization. As nation-states are permeated by transnational economics and trends and secular nationalism is challenged by the global diaspora of peoples and cultures, new ethno-religious movements have arisen to shore up a sense of national community and purpose. One can project at least three different futures for religious and ethnic nationalism in a global world: one where religious and ethnic politics ignore globalization, where they rail against it, and where they envision their own transnational futures.
On the Question of “Discipline” (Vinaya) and Nuns in Theravāda Buddhism
Authors: Salgado Nirmala S.
Published: February 2019

This article centers on the relationship of rules (nīti) to the monastic form of life of contemporary Buddhist nuns in Sri Lanka. A genealogy of scholarship focusing on the rules of Buddhist monks and nuns has led scholars to affirm a clear-cut distinction between nuns who have the higher ordination (bhikkhunῑs) and those who do not have it. However, that distinction is not self-evident, because bhikkhunῑs and other nuns lead lives that do not foreground a juridical notion of rules. The lives of nuns focus on disciplinary practices of self-restraint within a tradition of debate about their recent higher ordinations. Whether or not they are bhikkhunῑs, nuns today refer to rules in ways that are different from that which dominant Vinaya scholarship assumes. This article proposes that it is misleading to differentiate Buddhist nuns based on an enumeration of their rules and argues that nuns’ attitudes to rules say more about attempts to authorize claims to power in current debates about their ordination than about their disciplinary practice as a communal form of life.
An Intelligent Driver Training System Based on Real Cars
Authors: Duan Gui-Jiang , Yan Xin , Ma Hong
Published: February 2019

In driver training, the correct observation of the trainees’ operation is the key to ensure the training quality. The operation of the vehicle can be expressed by the vehicle state changes. This paper proposes a driver training model based on a multiple-embedded-sensor net. Six vehicle state parameters are identified as the critical features of the reverse parking machine learning model and represented quantitatively. A multiple-embedded-sensor net-based system mounted on a real vehicle is developed to collect the actual data of the six critical features. The data collected at the same time are bound together and encapsulated into a vector and sequenced by time with a label given by the multiple-embedded-sensor net. All vectors are evaluated by subjective assessment conclusions from experienced driving instructors and the positive ones are used as the training data of the model. The trained model can remind the driver of the next correct operation during training, and can also analyze the improvements after the training. The model has achieved good results in practical application. The experiments prove the validity and reliability of the proposed driver training model.
Estimating the Volume of Unknown Inclusions in an Electrically Conducting Body with Voltage Measurements
Authors: Affanni Antonio , Specogna Ruben , Trevisan Francesco
Published: February 2019

We propose a novel technique to estimate the total volume of unknown insulating inclusions in an electrically conducting body from voltage measurements. Unlike conventional Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) systems that usually exhibit low spatial resolution and accuracy, the proposed device is composed of a pair of driving electrodes which, supplied with a known sinusoidal voltage, create a current density field inside a region of interest. The electrodes are designed to generate a current density field in the region of interest that is uniform, to a good approximation, when the inclusions are not present. A set of electrodes with a polygonal geometry is used for four-wires resistance measurements. The proposed technique has been tested designing a low cost prototype, where all electrodes are on the bottom of the conducting body, showing good performances. Such a device may be used to monitor the volume of biological cells inside cell culture dishes or the volume of blood clots in micro-channels in lab-on-a-chip biosensors.
Applications and Prospects of Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Obstacle Avoidance Technology in China
Authors: Wang Linlin , Lan Yubin , Zhang Yali , Zhang Huihui , Tahir Muhammad Naveed , Ou Shichao , Liu Xiaotao , Chen Pengchao
Published: February 2019

With the steady progress of China’s agricultural modernization, the demand for agricultural machinery for production is widely growing. Agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a new force in the field of precision agricultural aviation in China. In those agricultural areas where ground-based machinery have difficulties in executing farming operations, agricultural UAVs have shown obvious advantages. With the development of precision agricultural aviation technology, one of the inevitable trends is to realize autonomous identification of obstacles and real-time obstacle avoidance (OA) for agricultural UAVs. However, the complex farmland environment and changing obstacles both increase the complexity of OA research. The objective of this paper is to introduce the development of agricultural UAV OA technology in China. It classifies the farmland obstacles in two ways and puts forward the OA zones and related avoidance tactics, which helps to improve the safety of aviation operations. This paper presents a comparative analysis of domestic applications of agricultural UAV OA technology, features, hotspot and future research directions. The agricultural UAV OA technology of China is still at an early development stage and many barriers still need to be overcome.
Analysing Cooking Behaviour in Home Settings: Towards Health Monitoring
Authors: Yordanova Kristina , Lüdtke Stefan , Whitehouse Samuel , Krüger Frank , Paiement Adeline , Mirmehdi Majid , Craddock Ian , Kirste Thomas
Published: February 2019

Wellbeing is often affected by health-related conditions. Among them are nutrition-related health conditions, which can significantly decrease the quality of life. We envision a system that monitors the kitchen activities of patients and that based on the detected eating behaviour could provide clinicians with indicators for improving a patient’s health. To be successful, such system has to reason about the person’s actions and goals. To address this problem, we introduce a symbolic behaviour recognition approach, called Computational Causal Behaviour Models (CCBM). CCBM combines symbolic representation of person’s behaviour with probabilistic inference to reason about one’s actions, the type of meal being prepared, and its potential health impact. To evaluate the approach, we use a cooking dataset of unscripted kitchen activities, which contains data from various sensors in a real kitchen. The results show that the approach is able to reason about the person’s cooking actions. It is also able to recognise the goal in terms of type of prepared meal and whether it is healthy. Furthermore, we compare CCBM to state-of-the-art approaches such as Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and decision trees (DT). The results show that our approach performs comparable to the HMM and DT when used for activity recognition. It outperformed the HMM for goal recognition of the type of meal with median accuracy of 1 compared to median accuracy of 0.12 when applying the HMM. Our approach also outperformed the HMM for recognising whether a meal is healthy with a median accuracy of 1 compared to median accuracy of 0.5 with the HMM.
Communicating Sustainability: Using Community Media to Influence Rural People’s Intention to Adopt Sustainable Behaviour
Authors: Shahzalal Md. , Hassan Azizul
Published: February 2019

Sustainable development is a big challenge for developing countries, due to lack of effective communication about sustainability to the rural population. This paper aims at building a theoretically and statistically sound model to communicate sustainability more effectively in rural areas in order to achieve sustainable development. To this end, the constructs and items of the hypothesised model are identified, based on a focus group discussion and backed by the literature reviewed. Both partial least squares and covariance-based structural equation modelling approaches were used to test the hypotheses and validate the model against multiple indices after analysing survey data collected from 300 community radio listeners in Bangladesh. It was found that the unique media characteristics of community radio positively increased the acceptability of sustainability communications, which in turn affects the behavioural determinants (popular theory: attitudes, self-efficacy belief and social norms) and changed the intention to adopt sustainable behaviour. Example cases from around the world also support the statistically sound model. The paper also provides implications and directions for future research.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Seasonal Variation of Scrub Typhus Fever in Central Nepal
Authors: Gautam Rajendra , Parajuli Keshab , Sherchand Jeevan Bahadur
Published: February 2019

Scrub typhus is a mite-borne acute febrile illness caused by Orientia. tsutsugamushi, a zoonotic bacterial infection common in the region known as the tsutsugamushi triangle. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence, seasonal variation, and risk factors of scrub typhus among the acute febrile illness patients attending different hospitals of central Nepal. Blood samples were collected from hospitalized patients of acute febrile illness suspected of scrub typhus infection attending different hospitals of central Nepal from April 2017 to March 2018. The IgM antibody to Orientia tsutsugamushi was detected by using the Scrub Typhus Detect™ Kit. Among the total cases (1585), 358 (22.58%) were positive for IgM Antibodies. Multivariate analysis identified several risks factors to be significantly associated with the scrub typhus infection, including gender (female) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.976, p ≤ 0.001, confidence interval [CI] = 1.417–2.756), rural residential location (odds ratio [OR] = 0.431, p = 0.001, confidence interval [CI] = 0.260–0.715), house near grassland (odds ratio [OR] = 3.288, p ≤ 0.001, confidence interval [CI] = 1.935–5.587), and working in the field (odds ratio [OR] = 9.764, p = 0.004, confidence interval [CI] = 2.059–46.315). The study findings indicate scrub typhus infection to be a significant health problem in Nepal. The proper diagnosis of infection cases, timely institution of therapy, public awareness, and vector control are important measures to be taken for the prevention and management of scrub typhus.
RELIABILITY OF KAROSA BUSES RUN BY A JOINT‐STOCK COMPANY ‘VILNIUS BUSES’
Authors: Lukoševičius Kestutis , Lukoševičiene Nijole , Zaikauskas Mindaugas
Published: February 2019

In the paper the data on operating reliability of KAROSA buses run by a joint‐stock company ‘Vilnius buses’ are presented. The pneumatic front suspension and an automatic gearbox are investigated. The failures of these units and their causes are considered and some recommendations to increase the reliability of the equipment are provided. The need for using high‐quality materials in maintaining the vehicles is demonstrated by the study of an actual case of highly corroded bearings.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EU AND LITHUANIAN LEGAL TRANSPORT REGULATIONS
Authors: Spruogis Ernestas
Published: February 2019

The significance of the transport economy determines such a fact that the State and its institutions have a duty to look over this economic branch very narrowly. This duty is especially important while guaranteeing conditions for the fair competition in the transport sector.

The author presents the analysis of the EU and Lithuanian legal transport competition regulations. The conclusion is drawn that the national legal competition regulation complies with the EU legal competition regulation; the EU legal transport competition regulation is much more detailed than national legal transport competition regulation in Lithuania.
Bright Opportunities for Atmospheric Characterization of Small Planets: Masses and Radii of K2-3 b, c, and d and GJ3470 b from Radial Velocity Measurements and Spitzer Transits
Authors: Kosiarek Molly R. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Livingston John H. , Benneke Björn , Henry Gregory W. , Howard Ward S. , Berardo David , Blunt Sarah , Fulton Benjamin J. , Hirsch Lea A. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Petigura Erik A. , Sinukoff Evan , Weiss Lauren , Bonfils X. , Dressing Courtney D. , Knutson Heather A. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Werner Michael , Gorjian Varoujan , Krick Jessica , Morales Farisa Y. , Astudillo-Defru Nicola , Almenara J.-M. , Delfosse X. , Forveille T. , Lovis C. , Mayor M. , Murgas F. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Udry S. , Corbett H. T. , Fors Octavi , Law Nicholas M. , Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Ser Daniel del
Published: February 2019

We report improved masses, radii, and densities for four planets in two bright M-dwarf systems, K2-3 and GJ3470, derived from a combination of new radial velocity and transit observations. Supplementing K2 photometry with follow-up Spitzer transit observations refined the transit ephemerides of K2-3 b, c, and d by over a factor of 10. We analyze ground-based photometry from the Evryscope and Fairborn Observatory to determine the characteristic stellar activity timescales for our Gaussian Process fit, including the stellar rotation period and activity region decay timescale. The stellar rotation signals for both stars are evident in the radial velocity data and is included in our fit using a Gaussian process trained on the photometry. We find the masses of K2-3 b, K2-3 c, and GJ3470 b to be 6.48

, 2.14

, and 12.58

M
⊕, respectively. K2-3 d was not significantly detected and has a 3σ upper limit of 2.80 M
⊕. These two systems are training cases for future TESS systems; due to the low planet densities (ρ < 3.7 g cm−3) and bright host stars (K < 9 mag), they are among the best candidates for transmission spectroscopy in order to characterize the atmospheric compositions of small planets.
Faraday Rotation in the Jet of M87 inside the Bondi Radius: Indication of Winds from Hot Accretion Flows Confining the Relativistic Jet
Authors: Park Jongho , Hada Kazuhiro , Kino Motoki , Nakamura Masanori , Ro Hyunwook , Trippe Sascha
Published: February 2019

We study Faraday rotation in the jet of M87 inside the Bondi radius using eight Very Long Baseline Array data sets, one at 8 GHz, four at 5 GHz, and three at 2 GHz. We obtain Faraday rotation measures (RMs) measured across the bandwidth of each data set. We find that the magnitude of RM systematically decreases with increasing distance from 5000 to 200,000 Schwarzschild radii. The data, showing predominantly negative RM signs without significant difference of the RMs on the northern and southern jet edges, suggest that the spatial extent of the Faraday screen is much larger than the jet. We apply models of hot accretion flows, thought to be prevalent in active galactic nuclei with a relatively low luminosity such as M87, and find that the decrease of RM is described well by a gas density profile

. This behavior matches the theoretically expected signature of substantial winds, nonrelativistic un-collimated gas outflows from hot accretion flows, which is consistent with the results of various numerical simulations. The pressure profile inferred from the density profile is flat enough to collimate the jet, which can result in gradual acceleration of the jet in a magneto-hydrodynamical process. This picture is in good agreement with the observed gradual collimation and acceleration of the M87 jet inside the Bondi radius. The dominance of negative RMs suggests that the jet and wind axis are misaligned such that the jet emission exposes only one side of the toroidal magnetic fields permeating the winds.
Numerical Modeling of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Observed by AMS-02 during the Solar Maximum of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Corti Claudio , Potgieter Marius S. , Bindi Veronica , Consolandi Cristina , Light Christopher , Palermo Matteo , Popkow Alexis
Published: February 2019

Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are affected by solar modulation while they propagate through the heliosphere. The study of the time variation of GCR spectra observed at Earth can shed light on the underlying physical processes, specifically diffusion and particle drifts. Recently, the AMS-02 experiment measured with very high accuracy the time variation of the cosmic-ray proton and helium flux between 2011 May and 2017 May in the rigidity range from 1 to 60 GV. In this work, a comprehensive three-dimensional steady-state numerical model is used to solve Parker’s transport equation and reproduce the monthly proton fluxes observed by AMS-02. We find that the rigidity slope of the perpendicular mean free path above 4 GV remains constant, while below 4 GV, it increases during solar maximum. Assuming the same mean free paths for helium and protons, the models are able to reproduce the time behavior of the p/He ratio observed by AMS-02. The dependence of the diffusion tensor on the particle mass-to-charge ratio, A/Z, is found to be the main cause of the time dependence of p/He below 3 GV.
Spectral Sequences of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Carbon as a Diagnostic Tool for Explosion Mechanisms
Authors: Heringer E. , Kerkwijk M. H. van , Sim S. A. , Kerzendorf W. E. , Graham Melissa L.
Published: February 2019

How an otherwise inert carbon–oxygen white dwarf can be made to explode as an SN Ia remains unknown. A promising test of theoretical models is to constrain the distribution of material that is left unburned, carbon in particular. So far, most investigations have used line identification codes to detect carbon in the ejecta, a method that cannot be readily compared against model predictions because it requires assumed opacities and temperatures. Here, we instead use tomographic techniques to investigate the amount of carbon in the inner layers of SN 2011fe, starting from the previously published tomographic analysis of Mazzali et al. From the presence of the carbon feature in the optical at early epochs and its disappearance later on, we derive an average carbon mass fraction between 0.001 and 0.05 for velocities in the range

, and an upper limit of 0.005 inside that region. Based on our models and the assumed density profile, only small amounts of carbon should be in the neutral state, too little to be responsible for features seen in near-infrared spectra that were previously identified as due to neutral carbon. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy and compare our results against a suite of explosion models, although uncertainties in both the models and our simulations make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions.
Variability and Proper Motion of X-Ray Knots in the Jet of Centaurus A
Authors: Snios Bradford , Wykes Sarka , Nulsen Paul E. J. , Kraft Ralph P. , Meyer Eileen T. , Birkinshaw Mark , Worrall Diana M. , Hardcastle Martin J. , Roediger Elke , Forman William R. , Jones Christine
Published: February 2019

We report results from Chandra observations analyzed for evidence of variability and proper motion in the X-ray jet of Centaurus A. Using data spanning 15 yr, collective proper motion of 11.3 ± 3.3 mas yr−1, or 0.68 ± 0.20c, is detected for the fainter X-ray knots and other substructure present within the jet. The three brightest knots (AX1A, AX1C, and BX2) are found to be stationary to an upper limit of

. Brightness variations up to 27% are detected for several X-ray knots in the jet. For the fading knots, BX2 and AX1C, the changes in spectral slope expected to accompany synchrotron cooling are not found, ruling it out and placing upper limits of ≃80 μG for each of their magnetic field strengths. Adiabatic expansion can account for the observed decreases in brightness. Constraints on models for the origin of the knots are established. Jet plasma overrunning an obstacle is favored as the generator of stationary knots, while moving knots are likely produced either by internal differences in jet speed or the late stages of jet interaction with nebular or cloud material.
The First Ultraviolet Detection of the Large Magellanic Cloud Pulsar PSR B0540–69 and Its Multi-wavelength Properties
Authors: Mignani R. P. , Shearer A. , de Luca A. , Marshall F. E. , Guillemot L. , Smith D. A. , Rudak B. , Zampieri L. , Barbieri C. , Naletto G. , Gouiffes C. , Kanbach G.
Published: February 2019

We observed the young (∼1700 yr) pulsar PSR B0540−69 in the ultraviolet for the first time with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Imaging observations with the NUV-MAMA and ultraviolet FUV-MAMA detectors in TIME-TAG mode allowed us to clearly detect the pulsar in two bands around 2350 and 1590 Å, with magnitudes m
NUV = 21.45 ± 0.02 and m
FUV = 21.83 ± 0.10. We also detected the pulsar wind nebula in the NUV-MAMA image, with a morphology similar to that observed in the optical and near-infrared (IR). The extinction-corrected NUV and FUV pulsar fluxes are compatible with a very steep power-law spectrum

with spectral index α
UV ∼ 3, and incompatible with a Rayleigh–Jeans spectrum, indicating a non-thermal origin of the emission. The comparison with the optical/near-IR power-law spectrum (spectral index α
O,nIR ∼ 0.7), indicates an abrupt turnover at wavelengths below 2500 Å, not yet observed in other pulsars. We detected pulsations in both the NUV and FUV data at the 50 ms pulsar period. In both cases, the folded light curve features a broad pulse with two peaks closely spaced in phase, as observed in the optical and X-ray light curves. The NUV/FUV peaks are also aligned in phase with those observed in the radio (1.4 GHz), optical, X-ray, and γ-ray light curves, as in the Crab pulsar, implying a similar beaming geometry across all wavelengths. PSR B0540−69 is now the fifth isolated pulsar, together with Crab, Vela, PSR B0656+14, and the radio-quiet Geminga, detected in the optical, UV, near-IR, X-rays, and γ-rays, and seen to pulsate in at least four of these energy bands.
The cave-dwelling dipluran (Diplura, Campodeidae) on the edge of the Last Glacial Maximum in Vancouver Island caves, North America (Canada)
Authors: Sendra Alberto , Wagnell Craig
Published: February 2019

A new cave-dwelling dipluran of the North American endemic genus Haplocampa is described, coming from a couple of caves excavated in a small limestone karstic area near Port Alberni, Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). To Haplocampa belong five soil-dwelling species. L. M. Ferguson cited no less than eight more species living in soil and cave habitats in several US states but without producing any formal descriptions. Haplocampa, in spite of its large lateral crests on the unequal claws, has clear taxonomical features as a Campodeinae and is closely related with the cave-dwelling Pacificampa and Eumesocampa genera, due to sharing similar macrosetae body distribution and absence or reduction of the lateral process. The new proposed species, Haplocampawagnelli Sendra, sp. n., is rather interesting for its troglomorphic features: antennae with 32 antennomeres; olfactory chemoreceptors, each a multiperforated, folded-spiral structure; and numerous gouge sensilla. In addition, it is one of the northernmost troglomorphic species to have colonised – presumably recently – an area occupied by the Late Wisconsinian North America ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. Furthermore, the close affinities between Haplocampa, Pacificampa (from caves in the extreme east of continental Asia and the southern Japanese Islands), Metriocampa (from the east of Asia and North America) and Eumesocampa (endemic to North America) suggest probable dispersal events over the Bering Land Bridge.
Taxonomic study of the genus Aoyuanus Ding & Chen, with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae)
Authors: Zhou Zheng-Xiang , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: February 2019

The delphacid planthoppers genus Aoyuanus Ding & Chen, 2001 is reviewed. Two new species, A.spathulussp. n. and A.variussp. n., are described and illustrated from China to give the genus three species in total, and the generic characteristics are redefined. A short description and illustrations are also given for A.furcatus. A key to all known species of Aoyuanus based on male genitalia is provided.
Marx dans les écrits de jeunesse de Habermas
Authors: Aubert Isabelle
Published: February 2019

Cet article revient sur la centralité de la théorie marxienne dans les écrits de Jürgen Habermas antérieurs à la Théorie de l’agir communicationnel . Contestant la thèse selon laquelle l’approche habermassienne de Marx romprait avec celle de ses prédécesseurs de l’École de Francfort, Horkheimer et Adorno, on souligne ici comment les deux générations se rejoignent dans leurs confrontations et critiques de Marx. Et on découvre le rôle unique que revêt, pour le jeune Habermas, la théorie marxienne pour la constitution d’un modèle critique et pour l’établissement d’un diagnostic sur le temps présent.
Les phénomènes de crise dans Raison et légitimité de Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Marmasse Gilles
Published: February 2019

L’article examine le concept de crise tel qu’il est développé dans Raison et légitimité de Jürgen Habermas et cherche à mettre en évidence la théorie de la société qui la sous-tend. Habermas définit la crise par l’association d’un trouble de la régulation et d’un trouble de socialisation et propose deux approches, l’une plutôt fonctionnaliste et l’autre plutôt normative, de la société. L’article cherche alors à mettre en évidence ce qui associe ces deux approches : une certaine perplexité théorique et néanmoins un choix militant en faveur de la raison.
Use of Simulation to Increase Self-Directed Learning for Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Gatewood Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

Background:

Interprofessional (IP) clinical training experiences for nurse practitioner (NP) students are on the rise. Faculty interaction with students during clinical rotations varies. Therefore, students must be prepared to use self-directed learning (SDL) to maximize learning.

Method:

Using an SDL framework, this project prepared NP students for working with IP preceptors. A didactic presentation provided students with content on a typical clinical trajectory and common pitfalls. Subsequently, an innovative simulation experience allowed students to apply information, negotiate learning objectives, and discuss their professional role with an actor playing a physician preceptor.

Results:

Students prepared learning objectives to discuss with their preceptors. Students felt prepared to discuss their professional role and learning trajectory. Preceptors thought students were prepared for clinical rotations and ready to discuss their professional role and learning objectives.

Conclusion:

Innovative use of simulation increases NP students' ability to self-direct clinical experiences and better prepares them for working with IP preceptors.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(2):102–106.]
Treatment of Keratoconus by Topography-guided Customized Photorefractive Keratectomy: Two-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Cennamo Gilda , Intravaja Alfonso , Boccuzzi Domenico , Marotta Giuseppe , Cennamo Giovanni
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the outcome of treatment of mild to moderate keratoconus with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and computed videokeratography for customized ablation of the superficial corneal layers.

Methods:

Eighteen nonconsecutive patients with bilateral keratoconus (Krumeich classification, grade 2) were examined. Both eyes were treated in 7 patients and 1 eye in 11 patients. Eight contralateral eyes served as controls. Photorefractive keratectomy was performed with the Zeiss MEL 70 excimer laser using the topographically supported customized ablation program. We evaluated changes in keratoconus topography data at 6 (25 eyes), 12 (25 eyes), and 24 (22 eyes) months after treatment (mean follow-up: 22.56±3.97 months) and versus control eyes. Changes in visual acuity and manifest refraction (spherical equivalent and cylindrical component) were also evaluated during follow-up.

Results:

The mean keratoconus index, keratoconus severity index, keratoconus apex, keratoconus predictor index, opposite sector index, and differential sector index were significantly lower (all
P
<.0001) 24 months after treatment versus baseline data. Keratoconus topography parameters were significantly worse in control eyes 24 months after study onset versus baseline. Mean uncorrected visual acuity (
P
<.0001) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (
P
<.05) were significantly increased 24 months after surgery.

Conclusions:

Customized photorefractive surgery improved videokeratography indices and clinical data in patients affected by grade 2 keratoconus. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:145–149.]
Lean Six Sigma Methodology in the Implementation of a Standardized Health Literacy Assessment in a Safety Net Internal Medicine Residency Clinic
Authors: Penix Rose , Kish James , Gustovich Matthew , Cudnik Michelle
Published: February 2019

Background:

Lean Six Sigma is a set of techniques intended to improve processes by greatly reducing the probability that errors will occur. The Lean Six Sigma approach was used to engage staff and clinicians in standardizing the assessment of patient health literacy in an academic safety net clinic.

Brief description of activity:

Clinicians were surveyed, and a chart review was conducted to attain baseline information regarding the uniformity of health literacy assessment and documentation in the clinic. A workgroup used the survey data and Lean Six Sigma quality improvement tools to determine the root cause, which was the lack of standardization.

Implementation:

To address this root cause, a standardized process for health literacy assessment in the clinic was developed; an assessment tool was selected, support staff were trained, and the new process was initiated. A support staff focus group was conducted, and a second clinician survey was disseminated to gauge perception of the new health literacy assessment and documentation processes. Quantitative data were collected to assess the coverage achieved by the new processes. Monthly reporting and staff feedback sessions were conducted to ensure continued efficacy of the protocol.

Results:

Standardized assessment and documentation processes were effectively implemented using the Lean Six Sigma approach in an academic safety net clinic. Providers and rooming staff were satisfied with the new processes. Rooming staff input and buy-in were critical to successful implementation.

Lessons learned:

Our findings suggest that Lean Six Sigma tools and methodologies can be appropriate for health care quality improvement and process standardization in an academic safety net clinical setting.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(1):e25–e30.]

Plain Language Summary:

A growing body of evidence supports the role of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) tools and processes for the assessment, design, and implementation of the quality improvement in the health care industry. This study explored the use of LSS on the standardization and documentation of health literacy assessment of patients in an academic safety net clinic. Findings suggest that LSS is an appropriate method of standardizing assessment and documentation of health literacy in this clinical setting.
Electrofishing, Snorkel Spearing, and Piscicide Eradicate Brook Trout From a Small, Isolated Bull Trout Population
Authors: Banish Nolan P. , Tinniswood William R. , Smith Terry A.
Published: February 2019

In 1992, a sampling crew from a multiagency group discovered a population of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus estimated at approximately 50 individuals in Threemile Creek, Oregon threatened with competition and hybridization with nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis. The group implemented Brook Trout and Bull Trout × Brook Trout hybrid removal using multiple techniques to conserve this population of Bull Trout in the Klamath River basin. From 1996 to 2000, backpack electrofishing and night snorkel spearing were used upstream of a culvert barrier to eradicate Brook Trout and hybrid trout from a 3.59-km section of Threemile Creek over 101 total days of effort (274 person-days of effort). Night snorkel spearing removed a lower percentage (7%) of target fish relative to electrofishing (93%), although this technique eliminated the risk of electrofishing injury to Bull Trout. Concurrent with the reduction and subsequent removal of Brook Trout, Bull Trout observations increased over 15-fold from 19 in 1996 to 299 in 2012 and Bull Trout distribution more than doubled, from 1.48 to 3.43 km during that same time. Immediately downstream in a separate 2.3-km section, the group eradicated Brook Trout using backpack electrofishing and rotenone application upstream of two man-made barriers from 2004 to 2010 over 43 total days of effort (150 person-days of effort). By 2016, Bull Trout had expanded their distribution throughout the upper 3.59-km section of Threemile Creek. Effort expended to eradicate Brook Trout was similar to successful eradication in other streams with comparable habitat characteristics and similar treatment length (< 3.0 km). However, similar removal attempts have not been successful in streams with comparable habitat characteristics that had longer treatment length (> 7.0 km). Application of piscicide may be more cost effective than manual techniques to remove Brook Trout when there is no risk to native fish of conservation concern, where target species are allopatric, and when piscicide use is publicly accepted. Brook Trout eradication proved valuable in providing Bull Trout the opportunity for range expansion and increased abundance necessary for recovery in the Klamath River basin.
The role of health insurance in the coverage of oral health care in Senegal
Authors: Diop Mbathio , Kanouté Aida , Diouf Massamba , Ndiaye Amadou Diaw , Lo Cheikh Mouhamadou Mbacké , Faye Daouda , Cissé Daouda
Published: February 2019

Oral diseases costs are among the most expensive health care benefits. In Senegal, households contribute up to 37.6% of the national health spending through direct payments. The aim of this work was to study the role of health insurance in the coverage of oral health care in Senegal. The study was based on health insurance agents and policyholders. The study reveals that oral health care coverage through health insurance still does not meet requirements for treatment of oral infections. In financial terms, oral health care costs health insurance too much. As a result, carriers cover them partially. On top of that, the majority of the population’s lack of knowledge about mutual, because they have a little background on oral health care, the latter weighs heavily on health insurance leading to the use of self-medication, traditional medicine and handicraft prosthetists. The analysis reveals an unequal access to oral health care through the health insurance system. To bring under control the expenditure for oral health care, carriers and dental surgeons must work together to raise the populations’ awareness on community solidarity.