bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Ca Substitution on Magnetic and Electric Properties of GdCoO3- δ Cobaltite
Authors: Ivanova N.B. , Bartolomé Juan , Figueroa A. , Blasco J. , Arauzo Ana B. , Platunov M.S. , Rudenko V.V. , Kazak N.V.
Published: December 2010

The polycrystal samples of Gd1-xCaxCoO3-δ with different content of Ca were synthesized by three different techniques: solution method, solid state reaction and a sol-gel method. A study of magnetic and electric properties have been made. It is shown that the magnetic properties of this compound are in a high degree close to the same of the parent GdCoO3 with Co3+ ions being in a low spin state below the room temperature. The conductivity investigation revealed its increase by alkaline-earth substitution typical in rare-earth cobaltites.
Electrical and Optical Properties of X2YZ (X = Co, Fe; Y = Cr, Mn, Ti; Z = Ga, Al, Si) Heusler Alloys
Authors: Fomina K.A. , Marchenkov V. , Shreder E.I. , Weber H.W.
Published: December 2010

We studied the electrical and optical properties of X2YZ (X = Co, Fe; Y = Cr, Mn, Ti; Z = Ga, Al, Si) Heusler alloys. We showed that the electrical and optical properties of Co2TiAl and Fe2TiAl are typical of metals. An abnormal behavior of the resistivity and the optical properties in the IR range of the other alloys was observed, i.e., the resistivity exhibits a semiconductor-like behavior and the optical conductivity has no contribution from the intraband absorption of the conduction electrons. The experimental data analysis, based on existing band calculations, allowed us to conclude that the anomalous behavior of their properties is determined by electronic states near to and at the Fermi level. The electronic states in the subband with spin up give the main contribution to the interband transitions in the IR range, but they practically do not contribute to the static conductivity (resistivity). There are almost no charge carries in the other electronic subband (with spin down), and hence, the interband transitions occur only at the energies above the semiconductor gap values.
Fabrication and Study of Spin Light-Emitting Nanoheterostructures on the Basis of III-V Semiconductors
Authors: Danilov Y.A. , Drozdov Y.N. , Dorokhin M.V. , Kulakovskii V.D. , Prokof’eva M.M. , Zaitsev S.V. , Zvonkov B.N.
Published: December 2010

Circularly polarized electroluminescence from light-emitting diodes based on InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with adjacent ferromagnetic delta-doped layer has been investigated. It was found that delta-layer placed near (at 2-10 nm) the quantum well (QW) causes circular polarization of its electroluminescence due to an s,p-d exchange interaction between holes in the quantum well and Mn ions in the delta-layer. The dependence of circular polarization degree on main technology parameters is discussed.
Ferromagnetic and Spin-Wave Resonance in Exchange-Coupled NiFe/Ag/NiFe Three-Layer Structures
Authors: Iskhakov Rauf S. , Stolyar S.V. , Yakovchuk V. Y. , Chizhik M. V.
Published: December 2010

FMR and SWR spectra of exchange-coupled structures NiFe/Ag/NiFe have been investigated. We revealed that the optical satellites of the exchange spin-wave modes are characterized not by the standard Kittel-dependence but rather by their own resonance field dependence on the mode number: Hropt(n)~n5/2.
Spin-Wave Resonance in Multilayer Films
Authors: Iskhakov Rauf S. , Stolyar S.V. , Chekanova L.A. , Chizhik M. V.
Published: December 2010

For the first time characteristic modification of a spectrum of the exchange spin waves, caused by the first stop-band at a wave vector kb=π/(d1+d2) the magnon crystal formed by one-dimensional modulation of the exchange or magnetization has been found by the spin-wave resonance (SWR) technique in multilayer structures “ferromagnet/ferromagnet” with N(d1+d2) thickness. It is shown that at transformation of a multilayer film after thermal annealing in a film of a single-phase alloy the given modification of a spectrum disappears.
Spectral Properties of Superlattices with Anisotropic Inhomogeneities. The Transition from 3D to 1D Disorder
Authors: Ignatchenko V.A. , Pozdnyakov A.V.
Published: December 2010

Waves in the superlattice (SL) contained inhomogeneities with anisotropic correlation properties are considered. The anisotropy of the correlations is characterized by the parameter , where and are the correlation wave numbers along the axis of the SL and in the plane of its layers, respectively ( and are the correlation radii). Dependencies of both the dynamic susceptibility and density of states at the continuous transition from the isotropic three-dimensional inhomogeneities ( ) to the one-dimensional ones ( ) have been obtained.
Influence of Mechanical Pressure and External Field on Dynamic Interactions in Segnetomagnetics
Authors: Kharrasov M.K. , Kyzyrgulov I.R. , Sharafullin I.F.
Published: December 2010

The interaction of spin, ferroelectric and elastic subsystems is investigated in antisegnetoantiferromagnetic crystal depending on the magnetic and electric fields, and also on an external mechanical pressure. It is shown that the magnitude of the magnetoelectric interaction increases with the rise of an external magnetic field and decreases with increasing external electric field.
Ferromagnetic and Spin-Wave Resonance in FexNi1-X (0<x<1) Films
Authors: Iskhakov Rauf S. , Stolyar S.V. , Chizhik M. V. , Yakovchuk V. Y. , Pozdnyakov V.G. , Vazhenina I.G.
Published: December 2010

The spectrum of standing exchange magnon wave in FeNi alloy films obtained by thermal evaporation method is studied. The modification of dispersion law conditioned by magnetization fluctuations is detected. The films of invar structure having metastable bcc structure are most dispersing relative to magnetic state. The size of magnetic inhomogeneity was less than 5 nm.
A Virus-Like Particle-Based Anti-Nerve Growth Factor Vaccine Reduces Inflammatory Hyperalgesia: Potential Long-Term Therapy for Chronic Pain
Authors: Röhn Till A. , Ralvenius William T. , Paul Jolly , Borter Petra , Hernandez Marcela , Witschi Robert , Grest Paula , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Bachmann Martin F. , Jennings Gary T.
Published: December 2010

Chronic pain resulting from inflammatory and neuropathic disorders causes considerable economic and social burden. For a substantial proportion of patients, conventional drug treatments do not provide adequate pain relief. Consequently, novel approaches to pain management, involving alternative targets and new therapeutic modalities compatible with chronic use, are being sought. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a major mediator of chronic pain. Clinical testing of NGF antagonists is ongoing, and clinical proof of concept has been established with a neutralizing mAb. Active immunization, with the goal of inducing therapeutically effective neutralizing autoreactive Abs, is recognized as a potential treatment option for chronic diseases. We have sought to determine if such a strategy could be applied to chronic pain by targeting NGF with a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine. A vaccine comprising recombinant murine NGF conjugated to VLPs from the bacteriophage Qβ (NGFQβ) was produced. Immunization of mice with NGFQβ induced anti-NGF–specific IgG Abs capable of neutralizing NGF. Titers could be sustained over 1 y by periodic immunization but declined in the absence of boosting. Vaccination with NGFQβ substantially reduced hyperalgesia in collagen-induced arthritis or postinjection of zymosan A, two models of inflammatory pain. Long-term NGFQβ immunization did not change sensory or sympathetic innervation patterns or induce cholinergic deficits in the forebrain, nor did it interfere with blood-brain barrier integrity. Thus, autovaccination targeting NGF using a VLP-based approach may represent a novel modality for the treatment of chronic pain.
Diverse Endogenous Antigens for Mouse NKT Cells: Self-Antigens That Are Not Glycosphingolipids
Authors: Pei Bo , Speak Anneliese O. , Shepherd Dawn , Butters Terry , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Platt Frances M. , Kronenberg Mitchell
Published: December 2010

NKT cells with an invariant Ag receptor (iNKT cells) represent a highly conserved and unique subset of T lymphocytes having properties of innate and adaptive immune cells. They have been reported to regulate a variety of immune responses, including the response to cancers and the development of autoimmunity. The development and activation of iNKT cells is dependent on self-Ags presented by the CD1d Ag-presenting molecule. It is widely believed that these self-Ags are glycosphingolipids (GSLs), molecules that contain ceramide as the lipid backbone. In this study, we used a variety of methods to show that mammalian Ags for mouse iNKT cells need not be GSLs, including the use of cell lines deficient in GSL biosynthesis and an inhibitor of GSL biosynthesis. Presentation of these Ags required the expression of CD1d molecules that could traffic to late endosomes, the site where self-Ag is acquired. Extracts of APCs contain a self-Ag that could stimulate iNKT cells when added to plates coated with soluble, rCD1d molecules. The Ag(s) in these extracts are resistant to sphingolipid-specific hydrolase digestion, consistent with the results using live APCs. Lyosphosphatidylcholine, a potential self-Ag that activated human iNKT cell lines, did not activate mouse iNKT cell hybridomas. Our data indicate that there may be more than one type of self-Ag for iNKT cells, that the self-Ags comparing mouse and human may not be conserved, and that the search to identify these molecules should not be confined to GSLs.
IL-1α Modulates Neutrophil Recruitment in Chronic Inflammation Induced by Hydrocarbon Oil
Authors: Lee Pui Y. , Kumagai Yutaro , Xu Yuan , Li Yi , Barker Tolga , Liu Chao , Sobel Eric S. , Takeuchi Osamu , Akira Shizuo , Satoh Minoru , Reeves Westley H.
Published: December 2010

Exposure to naturally occurring hydrocarbon oils is associated with the development of chronic inflammation and a wide spectrum of pathological findings in humans and animal models. The mechanism underlying the unremitting inflammatory response to hydrocarbons remains largely unclear. The medium-length alkane 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane (also known as pristane) is a hydrocarbon that potently elicits chronic peritonitis characterized by persistent infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes. In this study, we reveal the essential role of IL-1α in sustaining the chronic recruitment of neutrophils following 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane treatment. IL-1α and IL-1R signaling promote the migration of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity in a CXCR2-dependent manner. This mechanism is at least partially dependent on the production of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL5. Moreover, although chronic infiltration of inflammatory monocytes is dependent on a different pathway requiring TLR-7, type I IFN receptor, and CCR2, the adaptor molecules MyD88, IL-1R–associated kinase (IRAK)-4, IRAK-1, and IRAK-2 are shared in regulating the recruitment of both monocytes and neutrophils. Taken together, our findings uncover an IL-1α–dependent mechanism of neutrophil recruitment in hydrocarbon-induced peritonitis and illustrate the interactions of innate immune pathways in chronic inflammation.
T Cell-Intrinsic Factors Contribute to the Differential Ability of CD8+ T Cells To Rapidly Secrete IFN-γ in the Absence of Antigen
Authors: Bou Ghanem Elsa N. , Nelson Christina C. , D’Orazio Sarah E. F.
Published: December 2010

A subset of CD44hiCD8+ T cells isolated from C57BL/6/J (B6) mice, but not BALB/c/By/J (BALB/c) mice, rapidly secrete IFN-γ within 16 h of infection with Listeria monocytogenes. This Ag-independent response requires the presence of both IL-12 and IL-18. Previous studies showed that dendritic cells from B6 mice produced more Th1-type cytokines such as IL-12 than did those from BALB/c mice in response to L. monocytogenes infection. In this report, we demonstrate that the microenvironment in L. monocytogenes-infected BALB/c mice is sufficient to induce responsive B6 CD8+ T cells to rapidly secrete IFN-γ. Furthermore, BALB/c CD8+ T cells did not rapidly secrete IFN-γ even when they were exposed to high concentrations of IL-12 plus IL-18 in vitro. In the presence of IL-12 and IL-18, B6 CD44hiCD8+ T cells upregulated expression of the receptor subunits for these cytokines more rapidly than did BALB/c T cells. In comparing particular subsets of memory phenotype CD8+ T cells, we found that virtual memory cells, rather than true Ag-experienced cells, had the greatest level of impairment in BALB/c mice. These data suggest that the degree of cytokine-driven bystander activation of CD8+ T cells that occurs during infection depends on both APCs and T cell-intrinsic properties that can vary among mouse strains.
Torsade de Pointes due to Methadone Use in a Patient with HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection
Authors: John Jinu , Amley Xixi , Bombino Gabriel , Gitelis Chaim , Topi Bernard , Hollander Gerald , Ghosh Joydeep
Published: December 2010

We present a case of Torsade de Pointes secondary to multiple factors including patient susceptibility and iatrogenic influences. Contributing causes are presented, and the approach to treatment is discussed.
DNA Damage and Base Excision Repair in Mitochondria and Their Role in Aging
Authors: Gredilla Ricardo
Published: December 2010

During the last decades, our knowledge about the processes involved in the aging process has exponentially increased. However, further investigation will be still required to globally understand the complexity of aging. Aging is a multifactorial phenomenon characterized by increased susceptibility to cellular loss and functional decline, where mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial DNA damage response are thought to play important roles. Due to the proximity of mitochondrial DNA to the main sites of mitochondrial-free radical generation, oxidative stress is a major source of mitochondrial DNA mutations. Mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms, in particular the base excision repair pathway, constitute an important mechanism for maintenance of mitochondrial DNA integrity. The results reviewed here support that mitochondrial DNA damage plays an important role in aging.
Asymptotic Analysis of Lattice Boltzmann Outflow Treatments
Authors: Junk Michael , Yang Zhaoxia
Published: December 2010

We show the methodology and advantages of asymptotic analysis when applied to lattice Boltzmann outflow treatments. On the one hand, one can analyze outflow algorithms formulated directly in terms of the lattice Boltzmann variables, like the extrapolation method, to find the induced outflow conditions in terms of the Navier-Stokes variables. On the other hand, one can check the consistency and accuracy of lattice Boltzmann outflow treatments to given hydrodynamic outflow conditions like the Neumann or average pressure condition. As example how the gained insight can be used, we propose an improvement of the well known extrapolation method.
Mean-Field Model Beyond Boltzmann-Enskog Picture for Dense Gases
Authors: Ansumali S.
Published: December 2010

This work proposes an extension to Boltzmann BGK equation for dense gases. The present model has anH-theorem and it allows choice of the Prandtl number as an independent parameter. I show that similar to Enskog equation this equation can reproduce dynamics of dense gases.
Get Moving: A Web Site That Increases Physical Activity of Sedentary Employees
Authors: Irvine A. Blair , Philips Laura , Seeley John , Wyant Sara , Duncan Susan , Moore Roger W.
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

Develop and test a Web site to encourage physical activity (PA) by sedentary workers.

Design.

Randomized control design with 30-day follow-up.

Setting.

Large manufacturing plant.

Subjects.

Included 221 workers; average body mass index was 29.5.

Intervention.

Get Moving was a repeat-visit Web site providing information and support to develop a personalized PA plan.

Measures.

Self-reported: PA, depression, anxiety, stage of change, attitudes, knowledge, self-efficacy, intention, perceived barriers to PA, and motivation.

Analysis.

Multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis of covariance models were used to compare the two study conditions on posttest outcomes, controlling for baseline levels.

Results.

Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed significant improvement. The multivariate test was significant (p < .001), with a large effect size (η2 = .42). The treatment group differed significantly from the control participants on 11 outcomes (p < .005), with large effect sizes for PA status, min/d, and knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intention. Medium effect sizes were measured for perceived barriers, depressive symptoms, motivation, and self-efficacy. Multiple visits resulted in significantly improved PA, motivation, self-efficacy, and intention, compared with one-time visits.

Conclusions.

The Get Moving Web site had positive effects and was well received. Interventions Web site have potential to increase the PA of sedentary individuals in worksites and elsewhere, but more research is needed into mediators of Web-based interventions. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:199–206.)
A Faith-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Latinos: Outcomes and Lessons
Authors: Bopp Melissa , Fallon Elizabeth A. , Marquez David X.
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

To develop, implement, and evaluate a pilot faith-based physical activity (PA) intervention for Latinos.

Design.

Randomized trial, with two churches receiving the intervention and one church serving as a comparison group.

Setting.

Three Catholic churches near Manhattan, Kansas.

Subjects.

A subsample of the congregation from the intervention churches (n = 24) and comparison church (n = 23) volunteered to take part in the assessment.

Intervention.

Culturally and spiritually relevant education materials and activities were developed promoting the health benefits of PA. Educational materials included flyers, bulletin inserts, and posters. An 8-week team based walking contest promoted social support for PA. A health “fiesta” provided hands-on educational opportunities for PA.

Measures.

Organizational and individual process evaluation outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Interviews with church contacts at 6 months documented successes and struggles with implementation. Individual-level variables assessed knowledge related to PA and exposure to the intervention.

Analysis.

Basic frequencies and descriptive statistics were used.

Results.

Compared with 36% of comparison participants, 66% of intervention participants identified health reasons for participating in PA, and 47% accurately described PA recommendations, compared with 16% of comparison participants. Process evaluation revealed implementation successes and struggles, including communication problems with church contacts and difficulty in creating a large exposure to intervention materials.

Conclusions.

This pilot study provides formative research for developing larger faith-based PA interventions targeting Latinos. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:168–171.)
Workplace Telecommunications Technology to Identify Mental Health Disorders and Facilitate Self-Help or Professional Referrals
Authors: Farzanfar Ramesh , Locke Steven E. , Heeren Timothy C. , Stevens Allison , Vachon Louis , Nguyen Mai Khoa Thi , Friedman Robert H.
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

Test the feasibility and impact of an automated workplace mental health assessment and intervention.

Design.

Efficacy was evaluated in a randomized control trial comparing employees who received screening and intervention with those who received only screening.

Setting.

Workplace.

Subjects.

463 volunteers from Boston Medical Center, Boston University, and EMC and other employed adults, among whom 164 were randomized to the intervention (N = 87) and control (N = 77) groups.

Intervention.

The system administers a panel of telephonic assessment instruments followed by tailored information, education, and referrals.

Measures.

The Work Limitation Questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Questionnaire Short Form-12, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, question 10 from the Patient Health Questionnaire to measure functional impairment, and the Perceived Stress Scale-4 and questions written by study psychiatrists to measure emotional distress and social support respectively. The WHO-Five Well-being Index was administered to measure overall well-being.

Analysis.

Independent sample t-tests and χ2 tests as well as mean change were used to compare the data.

Results.

No significant differences on 16 of the 20 comparisons at 3- and 6-month time points. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in depression (p ≤ .05) at 3 months and on two Work Limitation Questionnaire subscales, the Mental-Interpersonal Scale (p ≤ .05) and the Time and Scheduling Scale (p ≤ .05), at 3 and 6 months respectively with a suggestive improvement in mental health at 6 months (p ≤ .10).

Conclusions.

This is a potentially fruitful area for research with important implications for workplace behavioral interventions. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:207–216.)
Loss of Chance: A New Kind of Damage to Ophthalmologic Patients from Europe to Italy
Authors: Molinelli Andrea , Bonsignore Alessandro , Capecchi Marco , Calabria Giovanni
Published: December 2010

This work was inspired by a recent juridical development in Italy, whose purpose is to prevent rejection of damage claims whenever it is not possible to prove a causal link between iatrogenic illicit behavior and damage to the patient, despite the fact that the patient has clearly suffered physical or mental injury. In view of this, some European countries—e.g., France and Germany—have recently come up with a new damage interpretation called loss of chance, i.e., the missed opportunity to get a more favorable outcome through different or more timely and efficient therapies. Although the problem has been thoroughly discussed on several levels, no countries have conformed their legislation accordingly, leaving it up to the courts to settle issues of damage claims where loss of chance can be applied and to resolve doubts about the limits of applicability of this new type of damage interpretation. The concept of loss of chance seems to be applicable to many cases in ophthalmologic practice. For example, glaucoma and macular degeneration are common, serious, and potentially blinding diseases in which delayed diagnosis and therapy reduce the chances not only to limit injuries, but also to stop future progress of the disease. Hence, the authors emphasize that a good practice is the only way for ophthalmologists to avoid malpractice claims related to the new developments in tort law in Italy and in other European countries following the creation of new definitions of damage.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A Rapidly Growing Class of Versatile Nanoporous Materials (Adv. Mater. 2/2011)
Authors: Meek Scott T. , Greathouse Jeffery A. , Allendorf Mark D.
Published: December 2010

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a new class of hybrid organic‐inorganic supramolecular materials comprised of ordered networks formed from organic electron donor linkers and metal cations. They can exhibit extremely high surface areas, as well as tunable pore size and functionality, and can act as hosts for a variety of guest molecules. Since their discovery, MOFs have enjoyed extensive exploration, with applications ranging from gas storage to drug delivery to sensing. This review covers advances in the MOF field from the past three years, focusing on applications, including gas separation, catalysis, drug delivery, optical and electronic applications, and sensing. We also summarize recent work on methods for MOF synthesis and computational modeling.
Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed Sonogashira– Hagihara Reactions in Ethylene Glycol under Ligand‐Free Conditions
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Gholinejad Mohammad , Hoseini Jafar
Published: December 2010

A novel application of nanoparticles of paramagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) as an efficient catalyst for carbon‐carbon bond formation via the Sonogashira–Hagihara reaction under heterogeneous ligand‐free conditions in ethylene glycol (EG) is described. By using this catalyst, arylalkynes are produced from the reaction of aryl iodides and activated heteroaryl bromides with alkynes. The results are reproducible using the catalyst, which was prepared from different sources. The catalyst is easily separated by an external magnetic field from the reaction mixture. The separated catalyst can be recycled for several consecutive runs without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.
Polyheterocycles by Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Domino Reactions Involving Direct CH Functionalization
Authors: Liu Renrong , Zhang Junliang
Published: December 2010

A novel palladium(II)‐catalyzed oxidative domino reaction sequence of diyne‐enones and substituted indoles to afford polyheterocycles involving direct CH functionalization using air as oxidant has been developed.
Proline‐Derived Aminotriazole Ligands: Preparation and Use in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Cambeiro Xacobe C. , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: December 2010

The preparation of 2‐triazolyl‐ and 2‐triazolylmethylpyrrolidines from L‐proline and L‐trans‐4‐hydroxyproline is described, along with their evaluation as chiral ligands in ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. Modular evolution of the ligands by introduction of remote substituents is also presented, showing a surprisingly important effect on the performance of the ligands.
Hydroxylamine as a Source for Nitric Oxide in Metal‐Free 2,2,6,6‐ Tetramethylpiperidine N‐Oxyl Radical (TEMPO) Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Wertz Sebastian , Studer Armido
Published: December 2010

The communication reports on the metal‐free 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine N‐oxyl radical (TEMPO) catalyzed aerobic oxidation of various alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. A novel catalyst system that uses 1–4 mol% of TEMPO in combination with 4–6 mol% of aqueous hydroxylamine is introduced. No other additives are necessary and corrosive by‐products are not formed during oxidation. Nitric oxide which is important for the catalytic cycle is generated in situ by reaction of the hydroxylamine with TEMPO. A catalytic cycle for the overall oxidation process is suggested.
Metal‐Air Batteries: Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air (Adv. Energy Mater. 1/2011)
Authors: Lee Jang‐Soo , Tai Kim Sun , Cao Ruiguo , Choi Nam‐Soon , Liu Meilin , Lee Kyu Tae , Cho Jaephil
Published: December 2010

In the past decade, there have been exciting developments in the field of lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, resulting in the application of lithium ion batteries in areas ranging from small portable electric devices to large power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles. However, the maximum energy density of current lithium ion batteries having topatactic chemistry is not sufficient to meet the demands of new markets in such areas as electric vehicles. Therefore, new electrochemical systems with higher energy densities are being sought, and metal‐air batteries with conversion chemistry are considered a promising candidate. More recently, promising electrochemical performance has driven much research interest in Li‐air and Zn‐air batteries. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the area of Li‐air and Zn‐air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the new electrochemical systems.
Involvement of the cerebellothalamocortical pathway in Parkinson disease
Authors: Ni Zhen , Pinto Andrew D. , Lang Anthony E. , Chen Robert
Published: December 2010

Objective

Lesioning or stimulation of the cerebellar thalamus is an established treatment for rest and postural tremors in Parkinson disease (PD). The cerebellothalamocortical (CTC) pathway can be assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the cerebellum, which suppresses the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), a phenomenon termed cerebellar inhibition (CBI). Tremor reset can be used to assess whether the stimulated brain area is involved in the generation or transmission of tremor. We tested whether M1 or cerebellar stimulation can reset PD tremor, and investigated the excitability of the CTC pathway in PD.

Methods

Ten mild to moderate PD patients in the OFF medication state and 10 healthy controls were studied. Tremor reset was tested with TMS delivered to the cerebellum or M1. CBI was assessed by cerebellar stimulation followed by M1 stimulation at interstimulus intervals of 3 to 8 milliseconds. Subjects were tested both at rest and during arm extension.

Results

Rest tremor in PD was reset by M1 stimulation but not by cerebellar stimulation. Postural tremor was reset by both types of stimulation. At rest, CBI was reduced in PD patients compared to controls. Arm extension decreased CBI in controls and turned the inhibition into facilitation in patients. CBI correlated with the degree of tremor reset caused by the cerebellar stimulation.

Interpretation

The excitability of CTC pathway is decreased in PD. Rest and postural tremors in PD are mediated by different neuronal pathways, and the CTC pathway is involved in the generation or transmission of postural tremor. ANN NEUROL 2010
Differential evolution algorithm with co‐evolution of control parameters and penalty factors for constrained optimization problems
Authors: Fan Qinqin , Yan Xuefeng
Published: December 2010

Considering that it is difficult to set suitable penalty factors for the penalty function method, which is one of the most important ways to solve constrained optimization problems, and that the quality of obtained optimal solution mainly depends on the optimization algorithm's performance and handling constraints capacity, a novel differential evolution algorithm with co‐evolution of control parameters and penalty factors, named as CoE‐DE, is proposed. In CoE‐DE, differential evolution operator is applied for evolving the original individuals, which consist of optimal variables. To improve the performance of CoE‐DE and the handling constraints capacity, Alopex algorithm is used to co‐evolve the symbiotic individuals, which consist of two DE control parameters and the penalty factors. To illustrate the whole performance of CoE‐DE, several algorithms are applied to solve 13 benchmark functions and five constrained engineering problems. The results show that the performance of CoE‐DE is better than SR algorithm and similar to α SIMPILE in 13 benchmark functions, and the satisfactory result is obtained in five constrained engineering problems. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐nitrosodimethylamine adsorption in aqueous phase by activated carbons with different porous and surface structures
Authors: Xiaodong Dai , Guoping Li , Zhiheng Zhang , Linda Zou , Zifeng Yan
Published: December 2010

N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a member of the N‐nitrosamines family, which are often found in foods, beers and cigarettes and considered to have carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties. The adsorption of toxic NDMA from aqueous solution in activated carbons with different porous structures and surface properties was investigated. The activated carbons were modified by heating in nitrogen atmosphere. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption, infrared and thermogarvimetric techniques were utilized to characterize porous structures and surface properties. It was observed that equilibrium data followed the Freundlich isotherm, and most NDMA preferentially adsorbed in approximately 0.45‐nm micropores by physisorption mechanism. The adsorption capacities of thermally treated samples were significantly higher, despite the decreases in micropore volume and surface area. Without thermal treatment, water molecules are preferentially adsorbed in micropores, resulting in lower NDMA adsorption capacity, whereas after treatment, improved hydrophobic pore properties increases NDMA adsorption because of reduced water competition in pores. Thermal treatments would significantly remove surface oxygen groups and carbon atoms, and change the morphology of pore walls, thus altering adsorption behavior. With enhanced surface properties, NDMA was possibly adsorbed with stronger dispersive interaction between the hydrophobic CH3 and the aromatic rings of the carbon surface enabling higher adsorptive capacity. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Studies on Boron‐Rich τ‐Borides Ni23‐xMxB6 (M: Zn, Ga, In, Sn, Ir) — The Surprising Occurrence of B4‐Tetrahedra as a Normal Case?
Authors: Kotzott Dominik , Ade Martin , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: December 2010

Single crystals of Ni20Ga3B6, Ni20Ga1.6B10.1, Ni21.4Zn1.6B6, Ni20.0Zn2.4B7.75, Ni21.1Sn1.9B6, Ni20.0Sn2.4B7.75, Ni21.4In1.6B6, Ni22.0In1.0B6, Ni22.2In0.8B6, and Ni12.3Ir8.7B10.4 are prepared from the elements between 1200 and 1500 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of AgIn5S8 for the Degradation of Dye.
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Li Danzhen , Sun Meng , Shao Yu , Chen Zhixin , Xiao Guangcan , Fu Xianzhi
Published: December 2010

For the first time AgIn5S8 powders are synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method from an aqueous solution of Ag2SO4, InCl3, and an excess of thioacetamide (glass vessel, pH 4, microwaves, 80, 120, 160, or 200 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Quaternary Lanthanide(III) Nitride Iodides: NaLn4N2I7 (Ln: La—Nd).
Authors: Schurz Christian M. , Schleid Thomas
Published: December 2010

Single crystals of the title compounds are synthesized from the respective lanthanide metal Ln (Ln: La—Nd), LnI3, NaN3 in the molar ratio of 8:10:3, and an excess of NaI (silica ampule, 700 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: New Ternary Rare‐Earth Metal Boride Carbides R15B4C14 (R: Y, Gd—Lu) Containing BC2 Units: Crystal and Electronic Structures, Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Simon Arndt , Mattausch Hansjuergen , Hiebl Kurt , Zheng Chong
Published: December 2010

The title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements followed by annealing (silica tubes, Ar, 1270 K, 1 month).
ChemInform Abstract: New Three‐Dimensional Inorganic Frameworks Based on the Uranophane‐Type Sheet in Monoamine Templated Uranyl‐Vanadates.
Authors: Jouffret Laurent , Shao Zhenmian , Rivenet Murielle , Abraham Francis
Published: December 2010

The structures of the new uranyl vanadates (III)—(IX) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations of Enantioreversal in Both Direct and Directed Enantioselective Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by CuCl2[(‐)‐Sparteine] and NiCl2[(‐)‐Sparteine] Complexes.
Authors: Maheswaran H. , Joseph P. J. Amal , Prasanth K. Leon , Priyadarshink S. , Satyanarayana P. , Likhar Praveen R. , Kantam M. Lakshmi
Published: December 2010

In most cases a reversal in the enantioselectivity of the title reactions is observed changing the catalysts metal atom from copper to nickel.
ChemInform Abstract: New (S)‐Proline Derivatives as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Maleev V. I. , Gugkaeva Z. T. , Moskalenko M. A. , Tsaloev A. T. , Lyssenko K. A.
Published: December 2010

New (S)‐proline derivatives (I) are synthesized and tested as organocatalysts for the asymmetric aldol reaction of 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde with acetone.
ChemInform Abstract: The [2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction of Bisallenes: A Dramatic Substituent Effect.
Authors: Lu Ping , Ma Shengming
Published: December 2010

Bisallenes possessing a phenylsulfonyl or butyl substituent at the internal position of allene moieties are smoothly transformed to the corresponding bicyclo derivatives in moderate to very good yields with good regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoyl Radicals from (Hetero)aromatic Aldehydes. Decatungstate Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Aromatic Ketones.
Authors: Ravelli Davide , Zema Michele , Mella Mariella , Fagnoni Maurizio , Albini Angelo
Published: December 2010

Benzoyl radicals are generated directly from aromatic aldehydes upon tetrabutylammonium decatungstate photocatalysis under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Bromo‐N‐benzylpurines via 8‐Lithiated Purines: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Gamadeku Thywill , Gundersen Lise‐Lotte
Published: December 2010

The title reaction is strongly influenced by the substitution pattern of the benzylic substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed N‐Vinylation of Sulfonamides and Acylamides with Vinyl Acetate as Vinyl Source.
Authors: Xu Jun , Fu Yao , Xiao Bin , Gong Tianjun , Guo Qingxiang
Published: December 2010

Studies are described for the synthesis of enamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Carbohydrate‐Based Iminophosphinite Ligands in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations.
Authors: Shen Chao , Xia Haijun , Zheng Hui , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Xinzhi
Published: December 2010

The first application of carbohydrate‐based phosphinite—imine ligands in asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Efficient Catalyst for Palladium‐Catalyzed C—O Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Sergeev Alexey G. , Anbarasan Pazhamalai , Spannenberg Anke , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2010

A novel, sterically hindered, air‐stable bispyrazolphosphine ligand accelerates the palladium‐catalyzed synthesis of alkyl aryl ethers such as (III) and (V) in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Facile Approach for the Synthesis of 2′‐Functionalized 1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2‐ols.
Authors: Xie Xiaomin , Ding Lina , Ni Gang , Zhang Zhaoguo , Gao Jinsheng
Published: December 2010

A binaphthofuran‐derived, C,O‐dilithiated intermediate reacts with different nucleophiles to give the corresponding 2′‐functionalized 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2‐ols.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Conjugated Enones into Enantiomerically Pure β‐Hydroxy Ketones or 1,3‐Diols — Samarium(II) Bromide Reductions of Protected α,β‐Dihydroxy Ketones.
Authors: Zoerb Andreas , Brueckner Reinhard
Published: December 2010

Asymmetric dihydroxylation of enones (I) provides access towards α,β‐dihydroxy ketones (II) in excellent enantioselectivity (up to <99% e.e.), which are either protected in situ as phenylboronates (IX) or in a separate step as acetonides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Ph3P‐Mediated Tandem Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentadienes from Primary Alkylamines and Acetylenic Esters.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Bayat Mohammad J.
Published: December 2010

The reaction provides highly substituted cyclopentadiene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Polar Addition Reactions of Active Methylene Moieties to Aryl‐Substituted Alkenes via Photoinduced Electron Transfer.
Authors: Ohashi Maki , Nakatani Keisuke , Maeda Hajime , Mizuno Kazuhiko
Published: December 2010

A novel construction of five‐ to seven‐membered cycloalkane derivatives can be achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Efficient Method for Synthesis of Propargylamines via Three‐Component Coupling of Aryl Azide, Aldehyde, and Alkyne Promoted by Iron—Iodine—Copper(I) Bromide.
Authors: Zhang Kui , Huang You , Chen Ruyu
Published: December 2010

The new synthetic protocol allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of the synthetically important amine products.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of Iminoquinones via DMP‐Mediated Oxidative Reaction.
Authors: Ma Hengchang , Wu Shang , Sun Qiangsheng , Li Hongyan , Chen Yannan , Zhao Wenqing , Ma Bihui , Guo Qing , Lei Ziqiang , Yan Jun
Published: December 2010

The reaction of anilines in the presence of the activator Bu4NBr results in formation of brominated products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Catalytic Decarbonylative Heck‐Type Reaction and Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yang Luo , Correia Camille A. , Guo Xiangyu , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: December 2010

Various aromatic aldehydes can be used in the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Belinostat.
Authors: Yang Lei , Xue Xiaowen , Zhang Yihua
Published: December 2010

A new route to the potential anticancer drug belinostat (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Salt‐Catalyzed Coupling: Iron Triflate‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Aryl Bromides in the Presence of Metallic Magnesium.
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Yan , Lin Jing‐Du , Xu Xiao‐Liang , Li Jing‐Hua
Published: December 2010

The homocoupling proceeds smoothly as one‐pot reaction without formation of the corresponding Grignard reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Reaction for Preparation of 2‐Amino‐1‐aryl‐2‐(cyclohex‐1‐enyl)ethanones as Precursors of Pseudoephedrine Analogues.
Authors: Ma Li‐Jian , Inokuchi Tsutomu
Published: December 2010

Microwave irradiation of chloroacetylarenes with enamines leads to an aza‐Darzens reaction followed by a rearrangement of the aziridinium intermediate, affording title compounds such as (III) and (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Room‐Temperature, Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Process for Diethyl 2‐Aryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1,1(2H)‐naphthalenedicarboxylate.
Authors: Li Zhengqiu , Fu Liangbin , Wei Jiajia , Ha Chengyong , Pei Duanqing , Cai Qian , Ding Ke
Published: December 2010

The procedure affords a broad spectrum of tetralone structures bearing various functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctatetraenes (IV) via Palladium‐Catalyzed [4 + 4] Cyclic Homocoupling of Borylvinyl Iodobenzene Derivatives (III).
Authors: Zhang Hui‐jun , Wei Junnian , Zhao Fei , Liang Yun , Wang Zitao , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: December 2010

Substrates (IIIf) and (IIIg), bearing electron‐withdrawing groups at the phenyl ring, can not be transformed to the desired products (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium‐Tertiary Butoxide‐Assisted Addition of Thioglycolic Acid to Chalcone Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ceylan Mustafa , Guerdere Meliha Burcu , Gezegen Hayreddin , Budak Yakup
Published: December 2010

The mechanistic pathway of the presented reaction can be explained by the Michael‐type addition of thioglycolic acid to chalcone derivatives (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrocarboxylation of Alkynes with Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Metal Salt Catalysts.
Authors: Li Chuanhua , Yuan Gaoqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: December 2010

A plausible mechanism for the electrocarboxylation is outlined.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzo[b]furans from 2‐Styrylphenols Using CuBr2.
Authors: Bhatt Suchitra , Roy Kshama , Nayak Sandip K.
Published: December 2010

The title compounds (III) and (VI) are prepared by a novel and convenient protocol which has the advantage of experimental simplicity and the use of an inexpensive reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: The Unexpected Formation and Structure of 4,6‐Dimethylthieno[3,4‐c]thiophene‐1(3H)‐thione.
Authors: Tice Nathan C. , Peak Sarah M. , Parkin Sean
Published: December 2010

The title compound (II) displays air and solution stability in a variety of solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Enamines Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes of Chiral Spiro N,N‐Diarylphosphoramidites.
Authors: Yan Pucha , Xie Jianhua , Zhou Qilin
Published: December 2010

Chiral spiro monophosphoramidites are synthesized and applied as ligands in the iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamines (I), (III), and (V) to offer the corresponding chiral tertiary amines with moderate to high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 4‐Fluoro‐2H‐pyrazol‐3‐ylamines.
Authors: Cocconcelli Giuseppe , Ghiron Chiara , Haydar Simon , Micco Iolanda , Zanaletti Riccardo
Published: December 2010

A set of novel 4‐fluoro‐2H‐pyrazol‐3‐ylamines (IV) with different steric and electronic demands is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Indazole Derivatives from 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiosemicarbazides and Some Chloro‐p‐quinones.
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Aly Ashraf A. , Mohamed Mamdouh A.
Published: December 2010

Reactions of 2,4‐disubstituted thiosemicarbazides (II) with chlorinated quinones follow a novel C—N—N + C2 addition mode furnishing indazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Phase‐Transfer Catalysis: Synthesis of Pyrazolines.
Authors: Mahe Olivier , Dez Isabelle , Levacher Vincent , Briere Jean‐Francois
Published: December 2010

The present protocol is restricted to the utilization of N‐Boc‐protected hydrazine and aromatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trispiro[oxindole‐pyrrolidine]‐cyclopentanone‐isoxazolines by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Zheng Aiting , Liu Bin , Yu Xianyong , Yi Pinggui
Published: December 2010

A range of novel aryl‐substituted trispiroheterocycles (VI) is prepared with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity via a tandem cycloaddition reaction of 2,5‐bis(arylmethylidene)cyclopentanones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Green and Efficient Protocol for N‐Alkylation of Benzotriazole Using Basic Ionic Liquid [Bmim]OH as Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Le Zhang‐Gao , Zhong Tao , Xie Zong‐Bo , Lue Xue‐Xia , Cao Xia
Published: December 2010

The reaction is found to be general and applicable to alkyl halides containing bromide and chloride, and the desired products are obtained in good yields and moderate selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Ethoxyphthalimide Derivatives of Pyrazolylthiazoloisoxazoles and Pyrazolylthiadiazoles.
Authors: Thadhaney Bhawana , Sharma Shweta , Sharma Chirag , Talesara G. L.
Published: December 2010

All the title compounds (VIII), (XIII), and (XIV) display promising activity against pathogenic microbes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from Nitriles and Hydrazoic Acid by Using a Safe and Scalable High‐Temperature Microreactor Approach.
Authors: Gutmann Bernhard , Roduit Jean‐Paul , Roberge Dominique , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: December 2010

In situ generation of HN3 from NaN3 and AcOH in a microreactor coupled to an intensified high‐temperature/high‐pressure flow addition step to nitriles yields tetrazole derivatives in good yields with excellent purities.
ChemInform Abstract: New Photochromic Spirobenzofuran‐Isobenzofurans
Authors: Solov'eva E. V. , Voloshin N. A. , Bezuglyi S. O. , Metelitsa A. V.
Published: December 2010

synthesis and characterization of title spiro‐compounds (III) and (IV)
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Three‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[3,2‐c]chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Hong‐Juan , Lu Jie , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: December 2010

Aldehydes, e.g. (III) and (V) (23 examples) are converted in a simple and efficient synthesis to known and novel chromene derivatives, (IV) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Three‐Component Synthesis of Benzoxanthenes in Water.
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Tisseh Zeinab Noroozi , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: December 2010

A novel, simple, and green one‐pot cyclocondensation reaction is presented by using an inexpensive and easily available catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 174. Hydrochlorides of [(Alkylamino)alkyl]amides of 1‐Allyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid — A New Class of Opiod Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Sidorenko L. V. , Davidenko A. A. , Yarosh A. K.
Published: December 2010

In pharmacological tests, hydrochlorides of the title compounds (VI) (10 examples) show promising results for the development of highly efficient opioid receptor antagonists.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Reactivity of BBr3: Accessing Tetrahydroisoquinoline Units from N‐Phenethylimides.
Authors: Selvakumar Jayaraman , Makriyannis Alexandros , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj
Published: December 2010

A simple methodology to construct the tetrahydroisoquinoline containing skeleton through electrophilic activation of imide carbonyl group of N‐phenethylimides using BBr3 as Lewis acid is developed.