bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Removal of TcO4‐ions from Solution: Materials and Future Outlook
Authors: Banerjee Debasis , Kim Dongsang , Schweiger Michael J. , Kruger Albert A. , Thallapally Praveen K.
Published: June 2016

Review: discussion of using ionic metal organic frameworks (i‐MOFs) and related materials as next‐generation exchange materials; 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Chang , Meng Tianyu , Yi Chao , Gong Xiong
Published: June 2016

Review: 440 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Element Transfer from Biomass to Fast Pyrolysis Oil: Review and Experiments
Authors: Leijenhorst E. J. , Wolters W. , van de Beld L. , Prins W.
Published: June 2016

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers for Energy‐Related Applications Beyond Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Jian , Zhao Cui‐e , Lin Zong‐qiong , Gu Pei‐yang , Zhang Qichun
Published: June 2016

Review: [121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Capturing and Using CO2 as Feedstock with Chemical Looping and Hydrothermal Technologies
Authors: Demirel Yasar , Matzen Michael , Winters Carina , Gao Xin
Published: June 2016

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches for Modeling Magnetic Nanoparticle Dynamics
Authors: Reeves Daniel B. , Weaver John B.
Published: June 2016

Review: 41 refs.
Synthesis and Enantiomeric Recognition Studies of Optically Active Pyridino‐Crown Ethers Containing an Anthracene Fluorophore Unit
Authors: Szemenyei Balázs , Móczár Ildikó , Pál Dávid , Kocsis Ivett , Baranyai Péter , Huszthy Péter
Published: June 2016

Novel enantiopure pyridino‐18‐crown‐6 ether‐based sensor molecules containing an anthracene fluorophore unit were synthesized. Their enantiomeric recognition abilities toward the enantiomers of 1‐phenylethylamine hydrogen perchlorate (PhEt), 1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine hydrogen perchlorate (NapEt), phenylglycine methyl ester hydrogen perchlorate (PhgOMe), and phenylalanine methyl ester hydrogen perchlorate (PheOMe) were examined in acetonitrile using fluorescence spectroscopy. The sensor molecules showed appreciable enantiomeric recognition toward the enantiomers of NapEt, PhEt, and PhgOMe. The highest enantioselectivity was found in the case of crown ether containing isobutyl groups in the macroring and the enantiomers of NapEt. Chirality 28:562–568, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental investigation of the effects of SnO2 nanoparticles and KCl salt on a water base drilling fluid properties
Authors: Parizad Amirhossein , Shahbazi Khalil
Published: June 2016

Reduction of proven gas and oil reserves and increasing demand for energy forces the petroleum industry to drill deeper and more complicated wells. Drilling in these harsh environments requires drilling fluids with specific characteristics. So, improvement of the drilling fluids that can act as proper fluids at high pressure and high temperature conditions is vital in the drilling industry. The purpose of this study is examining the effects of SnO2 nanoparticles on the properties of drilling fluids and determining of the extent of improvement of water‐based drilling fluids performance. These nanoparticles were added to polymeric water‐based drilling fluids in various concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g/L in the presence of KCl at concentrations of 5, 15, 30, 60, and 100 g/L. The experiments were done at temperatures of 30, 50, 70, and 90 °C. Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and thixotropy of the resulting drilling fluids were investigated. Moreover, filtration of the drilling fluids at room temperature, 65, and 95 °C and pressures of 0.6895 MPa (100 psig) and 2.758 MPa (400 psig) and various nanoparticle concentrations were studied. It was found that electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity were increased by 30 % and 15 %, respectively. Finally, in order to have more accurate hydraulic calculations, five rheological models were studied and compared together. It was observed that the Herschel‐Bulkley‐Papanastasiou model showed the highest accuracy with an absolute relative error of 1.1 %.
Kinetic study of the dissolution of metallic nickel in sulphuric acid solutions in the presence of different oxidants
Authors: Bilczuk Dario , Olvera Oscar G. , Asselin Edouard
Published: June 2016

The dissolution of metallic nickel particles in sulphuric acid solutions has been studied in this work. The effect of temperature, sulphuric acid concentration, and oxidant type has been assessed. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide or dissolved oxygen the dissolution of nickel was fast.

A shrinking particle model was used to fit the experimental data and estimate kinetic parameters. The apparent reaction rate constants calculated at 55 °C when dissolved oxygen, ferric sulphate, and hydrogen peroxide were used as oxidants were, respectively, 0.17, 0.02, and 7.13 ms−1. The dissolution of Ni in the presence of ferric sulphate occurred under surface chemical control, with an activation energy of 82.3 kJ/mol, while in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and dissolved oxygen the reaction seemed to have been mass transfer controlled. The dissolution of Ni in ferric sulphate solutions was also pH sensitive, possibly due to the formation of NiFe2O4 or NiO that was prevented when sulphuric acid concentration was 1 mol/L. The dissolution rate in ferric sulphate‐free solutions was affected negatively by temperature due to a decrease in O2 solubility.
Significant impact of biochemical recurrence on overall mortality in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer after carbon‐ion radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Kasuya Goro , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Nomiya Takuma , Makishima Hirokazu , Kamada Tadashi , Akakura Koichiro , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Shimazaki Jun , Haruyama Yasuo , Kobashi Gen , Tsujii Hirohiko ,   for the Working Group for Genitourinary Tumors
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND

Whether biochemical recurrence (BR) is a significant predictive factor of mortality after definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relation between BR and overall mortality (OAM) in high‐risk prostate cancer patients who were treated with carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and had long‐term follow‐up in 2 prospective trials.

METHODS

In the 2 phase 2 clinical trials, which involved 466 prostate cancer patients who received 63.0 to 66.0 Gy of CIRT (relative biological effect) in 20 fractions between 2000 and 2007, 324 patients who were deemed to be at high risk on the basis of the modified D'Amico classification criteria and received CIRT along with androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) were examined. The OAM rate was adjusted for the ADT duration, and multivariate analyses using a Cox proportional hazards model were performed for OAM with BR as a time‐dependent covariate.

RESULTS

The median follow‐up period was 107.4 months, and the 5‐ and 10‐year OAM rates after adjustments for the ADT duration were 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0%‐9.4%) and 23.9% (95% CI, 16.4%‐26.2%), respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of BR (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% Cl, 1.57‐5.08; P = .001) was one of the predictive factors for OAM. On the other hand, the duration of ADT had no impact on OAM.

CONCLUSIONS

BR after CIRT combined with ADT is an independent predictive factor for OAM in high‐risk prostate cancer patients. The results of this study could be applied to other high‐dose radiation therapies. Cancer 2016;122:3225–31. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Extracellular‐DNA‐Targeting Nanomaterial for Effective Elimination of Biofilm
Authors: Thiyagarajan Durairaj , Das Gopal , Ramesh Aiyagari
Published: June 2016

The inherent resistance ofStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm to antibiotics demands a novel paradigm in antibiofilm therapeutics. An albumin‐based nanocarrier loaded with an amphiphilic cargo (C1‐HNC) described herein renders facile release of the payload in the biofilm matrix, which subsequently cleaves extracellular DNA (eDNA) and mounts a concurrent attack on underlying cells, resulting in dramatic annihilation ofS. aureusbiofilm. Significant cleavage ofS. aureusbiofilm eDNA is manifested upon treatment with C1‐HNC and, in comparison with the therapeutic enzyme DNase, C1‐HNC exhibits superior activity againstS. aureusbiofilm. Interestingly, C1‐HNC is nontoxic to a model human cell line. By virtue of its potent activity against eDNA and the underlying cells, the nontoxic nanomaterial is a promising therapeutic material against biofilm.
North African hybrid sparrows (Passer domesticus,P. hispaniolensis) back from oblivion – ecological segregation and asymmetric mitochondrial introgression between parental species
Authors: Ait Belkacem Abdelkrim , Gast Oliver , Stuckas Heiko , Canal David , LoValvo Mario , Giacalone Gabriele , Päckert Martin
Published: June 2016

A stabilized hybrid form of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the Spanish sparrow (P. hispaniolensis) is known asPasser italiaefrom the Italian Peninsula and a few Mediterranean islands. The growing attention for the Italian hybrid sparrow and increasing knowledge on its biology and genetic constitution greatly contrast the complete lack of knowledge of the long‐known phenotypical hybrid sparrow populations from North Africa. Our study provides new data on the breeding biology and variation of mitochondrialDNAin three Algerian populations of house sparrows, Spanish sparrows, and phenotypical hybrids. In two field seasons, the two species occupied different breeding habitats: Spanish sparrows were only found in rural areas outside the cities and bred in open‐cup nests built in large jujube bushes. In contrast, house sparrows bred only in the town centers and occupied nesting holes in walls of buildings. Phenotypical hybrids were always associated with house sparrow populations. House sparrows and phenotypical hybrids started breeding mid of March, and most pairs had three successive clutches, whereas Spanish sparrows started breeding almost one month later and had only two successive clutches. Mitochondrial introgression is strongly asymmetric because about 75% of the rural Spanish sparrow population carried house sparrow haplotypes. In contrast, populations of the Italian hybrid form,P. italiae, were genetically least diverse among all study populations and showed a near‐fixation of house sparrow haplotypes that elsewhere were extremely rare or that were even unique for the Italian Peninsula. Such differences between mitochondrial gene pools of Italian and North African hybrid sparrow populations provide first evidence that different demographic histories have shaped the extant genetic diversity observed on both continents.
Interactive influences of climate change and agriculture on aquatic habitat in a Pacific Northwestern watershed
Authors: DeBano Sandra J. , Wooster David E. , Walker Jonathan R. , McMullen Laura E. , Horneck Donald A.
Published: June 2016

Climate change and agricultural intensification are two potential stressors that may pose significant threats to aquatic habitats in the inland Pacific Northwest over the next century. Climate change may impact running water through numerous pathways, including effects on water temperature and stream flow. In certain regions of the Pacific Northwest, agricultural activities, such as crop production, may become more profitable if water projects result in more irrigation water. If so, riparian buffers in these areas may be converted into cropland, which may in turn affect aquatic habitats through increases in sediment and agrochemical runoff into streams. We used currently available downscaled temperature and hydrology data in combination with a habitat quality framework developed for Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) to predict how different levels of each stressor, alone and in combination, may impact aquatic habitats in an inland Pacific Northwest watershed dominated by high‐value agriculture—the Umatilla Subbasin. We developed spatially explicit predictions for how changes in stream flow and water temperature associated with three climate change scenarios and loss of riparian buffers in two agricultural intensification scenarios may impact aquatic habitats. We also examined the cumulative effects of the interaction of extreme climate change and agricultural intensification scenarios. Our results show that all three climate change scenarios are expected to primarily impact aquatic habitat in the upper Subbasin. In contrast, agricultural intensification scenarios did not have large impacts on temperature, but are predicted to affect other water quality variables in the lower Subbasin. A moderate scenario of agricultural intensification had relatively little effect on aquatic habitat, whereas the removal of all riparian buffers in agriculturally viable areas had a substantially negative effect on sediment, embeddedness, and large woody debris in the lower Subbasin. Interactions between the most extreme climate change and agricultural intensification scenarios reflected a complementarity of effects, with climate change primarily affecting the upper Subbasin and agricultural intensification primarily impacting the lower Subbasin. This work suggests that the Umatilla Subbasin and similar watersheds will present a challenging habitat for warm water‐ and pollution‐intolerant species in the coming century.
Seasonal habitat‐based density models for a marine top predator, the harbor porpoise, in a dynamic environment
Authors: Gilles A. , Viquerat S. , Becker E. A. , Forney K. A. , Geelhoed S. C. V. , Haelters J. , Nabe‐Nielsen J. , Scheidat M. , Siebert U. , Sveegaard S. , van Beest F. M. , van Bemmelen R. , Aarts G.
Published: June 2016

Effective species conservation and management requires information on species distribution patterns, which is challenging for highly mobile and cryptic species that may be subject to multiple anthropogenic stressors across international boundaries. Understanding species–habitat relationships can improve the assessment of trends and distribution by explicitly allowing high‐resolution data on habitats to inform abundance estimation and the identification of protected areas. In this study, we aggregated an unprecedented set of survey data of a marine top predator, the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), collected in theUK(SCANS II, Dogger Bank), Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark, to develop seasonal habitat‐based density models for the central and southern North Sea. Visual survey data were collected over 9 yr (2005–2013) by means of dedicated line‐transect surveys, taking into account the proportion of missed sightings. Generalized additive models of porpoise density were fitted to 156,630 km of on‐effort survey data with 14,356 sightings of porpoise groups. Selected predictors included static and dynamic variables, such as depth, distance to shore and to sandeel (Ammodytesspp.) grounds, sea surface temperature (SST), proxies for fronts, and day length. Day length and the spatial distribution of dailySSTproved to be good proxies for “season,” allowing predictions in both space and time. The density models captured seasonal distribution shifts of porpoises across international boundaries. By combining the large‐scale internationalSCANS IIsurvey with the more frequent, small‐scale national surveys, it has been possible to provide seasonal maps that will be used to assist theEUHabitats and Marine Strategy Framework Directives in effectively assessing the conservation status of harbor porpoises. Moreover, our results can facilitate the identification of regions where human activities and disturbances are likely to impact the population and are especially relevant for marine spatial planning, which requires accurate fine‐scale maps of species distribution to assess risks of increasing human activities at sea.
Spatial extent of neighboring plants influences the strength of associational effects on mammal herbivory
Authors: Champagne Emilie , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre , Côté Steeve D.
Published: June 2016

There is high variability in the level of herbivory between individual plants from the same species with potential effects on population dynamics, community composition, and ecosystem structure and function. This variability can be partly explained by associational effects (i.e., the impact of the presence of neighboring plants on the level of herbivory experienced by a focal plant) but it is still unclear how the spatial scale of plant neighborhood modulates foraging choice of herbivores, an inherently spatial process in itself. Using a meta‐analysis, we investigated how spatial scale modifies associational effects on the susceptibility to browsing by herbivores with movement capacities similar to deer. From 2496 articles found in literature databases, we selected 46 studies providing a total of 168 differences of means in damage by herbivores or survival to woody plants (mostly) with and without neighboring plants. Spatial scales were reported as distance between plants or as plot size. We estimated the relationships between the effect sizes and spatial scale, type of associational effects, and nature of the experiment using meta‐analysis mixed models. The strength of associational effects declined with increasing plot size, regardless of the type of associational effects. Associational defenses (i.e., decrease in herbivory for focal plants associated with unpalatable neighbors) had stronger magnitude than associational susceptibilities. The high remaining heterogeneity among studies suggests that untested factors modulate associational effects, such as nutritional quality of focal and neighboring plants, density of herbivores, timing of browsing, etc. Associational effects are already considered in multiple restoration contexts worldwide, but a better understanding of these relationships could improve their use in conservation, restoration, and forest exploitation when browsing is a concern. This study is the first to investigate spatial patterns of associational effects across species and ecosystems, an issue that is essential to determine differential herbivory damages among plants.
Shifts in vegetation phenology along flyways entail varying risks of mistiming in a migratory songbird
Authors: Emmenegger Tamara , Hahn Steffen , Arlettaz Raphaël , Amrhein Valentin , Zehtindjiev Pavel , Bauer Silke
Published: June 2016

Long‐term shifts in vegetation phenology generally follow the pattern of global warming. Yet, topographical complexity and biome diversity cause uneven spatial trends in the phenological response of vegetation to climate change. If phenology changes similarly along migration routes, individuals may adequately respond by shifting the whole migration schedule to still time life history with local phenological events. On the contrary, phenological shifts that differ in direction or magnitude between sites can enhance the risk of mistiming, resulting in reduced survival and reproductive success and eventually population declines. We identified the direction and magnitude of long‐term shifts in vegetation phenology along avian migration routes, using remotely sensed vegetation data over 29 yr (1982–2010) to estimate the risk of mistiming for different sets of assumptions concerning cues and adaptability of migration timing. For this study, we used individual series of non‐breeding, spring stopover and breeding sites (determined by light‐level geolocation) of three European populations of Luscinia megarhynchos (Common Nightingale), an insectivorous Palearctic long‐distance migrant. The breeding populations in France, Italy, and Bulgaria are representatives for populations migrating on the western, central, and eastern flyway toward sub‐Saharan Africa. The direction and magnitude of phenological shifts differed between migration stages and across flyways and under most sets of assumptions, the resulting risk of mistiming was higher in the Western compared to Central and Eastern flyway. We emphasize that estimates for the risk of mistiming as resulting from phenological shifts highly depend on the cues that migrants use to time migratory progression and on the adaptive potential of the particular migratory species to react to phenological shifts.
Transitions and invasion along a grazing gradient in experimental California grasslands
Authors: Stein Claudia , Harpole William Stanley , Suding Katharine N.
Published: June 2016

Resilience‐based frameworks, founded upon the existence of multiple attractors and regime shifts, have long been applied to complex dynamics of semiarid systems. Utilizing seed addition tests in experimental plantings along grazing gradients, we applied an increase‐when‐rare criterion to identify bidirectional (states can invade each other) and directional (only one state can invade) transitions among vegetation states characteristic of California grasslands over five years. Annual forage and medusahead grasslands were able to invade each other at all grazing intensities, indicating coexistence. Directional transitions involving invasion of native bunchgrass by other species occurred as grazing intensity increased; recovery (transitions to natives) did not occur at low grazing. While directional transitions at some grazing intensities were accompanied by state persistence at others, we found little evidence for persistence of alternative states at any grazing intensity. Our results suggest that grazing can affect resilience by causing hard‐to‐reverse transitions, but rarely produces alternative states. However, variation in precipitation seems to dominate grazing responses, supporting the applicability of the nonequilibrium concept in our study system.
Do Non‐State Perspectives Matter for Treaty Ratification and Implementation? The case of the European Consultation on the Nagoya protocol
Authors: Orsini Amandine
Published: June 2016

This article investigates what happens when governmental actors foster the participation of non‐state actors (NSAs) in treaty ratification and implementation decisions. NSAs, being non‐governmental organizations, business groups, citizens, or research institutions, among others, represent interests that will be ultimately impacted by policy choices. While governments have long consulted them on an ad hoc basis, a ‘deliberative turn’ happened in the 2000s to encourage their involvement, for greater legitimacy and transparency through, among others, the use of public consultations. This proactive turn raises questions about public consultations: are such instruments effective? Do they encourage new thinking? Do they matter for final decisions? This article answers these questions by investigating, using lexicometry as main research tool, the public consultation organized by the European Commission in 2011 before the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing by the European Union in 2014. The results are mixed. Although the studied public consultation favoured the expression of small national NSAs, the process remains poorly inclusive. NSAs did not propose any fresh ideas on the access and benefit sharing issue and their final influence on European decision‐makers is blurred by the diversity of interests expressed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Barriers to goals of care discussions with hospitalized patients with advanced heart failure: feasibility and performance of a novel questionnaire
Authors: Aleksova Natasha , Demers Catherine , Strachan Patricia H. , MacIver Jane , Downar James , Fowler Robert , Heyland Daren K. , Ross Heather J. , You John J.
Published: June 2016

Aims

Good end‐of‐life communication and decision‐making are important to patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and their families, but their needs remain unmet. In this pilot study, we describe the feasibility and performance of a novel questionnaire aimed at identifying barriers and solutions to improve communication and decision‐making about goals of care for hospitalized patients with advanced HF.

Methods

We distributed questionnaires to staff cardiologists, cardiology trainees, and cardiology nurses who provide care for HF patients at a Canadian teaching hospital. The questionnaire asked about the importance of various barriers to goals of care discussions. It also asked participants to rank their willingness to engage in goals of care discussions and their views on other clinicians could engage in such discussions.

Results

Of 76 clinicians, 44 (58%) completed the questionnaire (median completion time, 17 min). Individual survey questions had few missing responses (0% to 2%) for questions about barriers to goals of care discussions. There was appreciable discrimination of the importance of different barriers (mean scores 2.2 to 6.0 on a 7‐point scale). Preliminary data suggest that clinicians perceive patient and family factors, such as difficulty accepting a poor prognosis, as the most important barriers preventing goals of care discussions.

Conclusions

In this pilot study, we have demonstrated the feasibility of a novel questionnaire to be used in a larger multi‐centre study of end‐of‐life HF care. Essential information will be obtained to inform the design and evaluation of interventions that seek to improve communication and decision‐making about goals of care with HF patients.
Contribution to the Modeling and Simulation of the Iron‐Based Chemical Looping Combustion Process
Authors: Cormos Ana‐Maria , Chisalita Dora‐Andreea
Published: June 2016

The increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are directly linked to climate change. Given that most of the world's electric energy comes from fossil‐fuel power plants, which produce a large amount of greenhouse gas (i.e., CO2), carbon capture and storage technologies seem to be a viable solution to reduce CO2 emissions. To investigate fossil‐fuel chemical looping combustion in fluidized bed columns, a dynamic mathematical model was herein developed. The complex phenomena taking place in the iron‐based chemical looping combustion process are described by assuming a pseudo‐homogeneous system and a plug–flow regime for the fluidized columns. The mass and energy balance equations were written by using partial differential equations for both the gaseous and solid phases present in the process. The distribution and temperatures profiles of the gaseous and solid components as well as a study on the influence of the superficial gas velocity on the particle distribution were generated by model simulation. This computational approach allows for significant progress in the systematic analysis of chemical looping combustion to assess its potential for integration into the next generation of fossil‐fuel power plants.
VirtuWind: virtual and programmable industrial network prototype deployed in operational wind park
Authors: Mahmoodi Toktam , Kulkarni Vivek , Kellerer Wolfgang , Mangan Peter , Zeiger Florian , Spirou Spiros , Askoxylakis Ioannis , Vilajosana Xavier , Einsiedler Hans Joachim , Quittek Jürgen
Published: June 2016

With anticipated exponential growth of connected devices, future industrial networks require an open solutions architecture facilitated by standards and a strong ecosystem. Such solutions should also deal with range of quality of service requirements imposed by industrial networks. Preserving strict quality of service is particularly challenging when services pass across domains of multiple provides. VirtuWind aims to develop and demonstrate a Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization ecosystem, based on an open, modular and secure framework to address stringent requirements of the industrial networks. A prototype of the framework for intra‐domain and inter‐domain scenarios will be showcased in real Wind Parks, as a representative use case of industrial networks. This paper details this vision and explains steps forward. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small cell undifferentiated (SCUD) hepatoblastomas: All malignant rhabdoid tumors?
Authors: Vokuhl Christian , Oyen Florian , Häberle Beate , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Leuschner Ivo
Published: June 2016

Small cell undifferentiated (SCUD) hepatoblastoma is a rare variant of hepatoblastoma with poor outcome and loss of INI1 expression, sharing this with malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT). We studied all tumors from the files of the Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry (KTR) with the initial diagnosis of SCUD and MRT. After re‐review, we performed immunistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification for loss of expression and deletion of INI1/SMARCB1 in 23 tumors. Morphologically, 12 of the tumors had a small cell morphology, 9 showed the typical picture of MRT, and 2 were composed of both small cells and rhabdoid cells. All but 1 of the 23 tumors showed loss of INI1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Nineteen of the INI1 negative tumors were analyzed by FISH technique and all showed a deletion of the INI1/SMARCB1 gene (17 homozygous deletions, 2 heterozygous deletions). We investigated 14 of these cases by multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification and verified the deletions in all cases. In conclusion, we postulate that SCUD hepatoblastoma is not a hepatoblastoma but represents a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semantic interference and its control: A functional neuroimaging and connectivity study
Authors: Canini Matteo , Della Rosa Pasquale Anthony , Catricalà Eleonora , Strijkers Kristof , Branzi Francesca Martina , Costa Albert , Abutalebi Jubin
Published: June 2016

During picture naming, the ease with which humans generate words is dependent upon the context in which they are named. For instances, naming previously presented items results in facilitation. Instead, naming a picture semantically related to previous items displays persistent interference effects (i.e., cumulative semantic interference, CSI). The neural correlates of CSI are still unclear and it is a matter of debate whether semantic control, or cognitive control more in general, is necessary for the resolution of CSI. We carried out an event‐related fMRI experiment to assess the neural underpinnings of the CSI effect and the involvement and nature of semantic control. Both left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and the left caudate nucleus (LCN) showed a linear increase of BOLD response positively associated with the consecutive number of presentations of semantically related pictures independently of task‐load. The generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis showed that LIFG demonstrated a quantitative neural connectivity difference with the left supramarginal and angular gyri for increases of task‐load and with the fusiform gyri for linear CSI increases. Furthermore, seed‐to‐voxel functional connectivity showed that LIFG activity coupled with different regions involved in cognitive control and lexicosemantic processing when semantic interference was elicited to a minimum or maximum degree. Our results are consistent with the lexical‐competitive nature of the CSI effect, and we provide novel evidence that semantic control lies upon a more general cognitive control network (i.e., LIFG and LCN) responsible for resolving interference between competing semantically related items through connectivity with different brain areas in order to guarantee the correct response. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4179–4196, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic calibration and cross‐catchment transferability of a simple process‐consistent hydrologic model
Authors: Smith Tyler , Hayes Kaitlin , Marshall Lucy , McGlynn Brian , Jencso Kelsey
Published: June 2016

The transferability of hydrologic models is of ever increasing importance for making improved hydrologic predictions and testing hypothesized hydrologic drivers. Here, we present an investigation into the variability and transferability of the recently introduced catchment connectivity model (Smith et al., ). The catchment connectivity model was developed following extensive experimental observations identifying the key drivers of streamflow in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (Jencso et al., ; Jencso et al., ), with the goal of creating a simple model consistent with internal observations of catchment hydrologic connectivity patterns. The model was applied across seven catchments located within Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest to investigate spatial variability and transferability of model performance and parameterization. The results demonstrated that the model resulted in historically good fits (based on previous studies at the sites) to both the hydrograph and internal water table dynamics (corroborated with experimental observations). The impact of a priori parameter limits was also examined. It was observed that enforcing field‐based limits on model parameters resulted in slight reductions to streamflow hydrograph fits, but significant improvements to model process fidelity (as hydrologic connectivity), as well as moderate improvement in the transferability of model parameterizations from one catchment to the next. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes melanocyte migration via activating PI3K/Akt‐Rac1‐FAK‐JNK and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Shi Hongxue , Lin Beibei , Huang Yan , Wu Jiang , Zhang Hongyu , Lin Cai , Wang Zhouguang , Zhu Jingjing , Zhao Yingzhen , Fu Xiaobing , Lou Zhencai , Li Xiaokun , Xiao Jian
Published: June 2016

Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder characterized by loss of functional melanocytes of the skin epidermis. The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on melanocyte migration, including its biochemical mechanism using transwell assay in vitro. We found that melanocyte treated with bFGF showed a significant increase in migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement. These changes were associated with increased activation of PI3K/Akt, Rac1, FAK, JNK, and ERK. Likewise, reduction of PI3K/Akt, Rac1, FAK, JNK, and ERK activity using selective inhibitors or siRNA was associated with impediment of bFGF‐induced melanocyte migration. In addition, activity of Rac1, FAK, and JNK was reduced in cells in which PI3K/Akt was inhibited, activity of FAK and JNK was reduced in cells in which the Rac1 was inhibited, and activity of JNK was reduced in cells in which the FAK was inhibited. Collectively, these data demonstrate that bFGF facilitated melanocyte migration via PI3K/Akt‐Rac1‐FAK‐JNK and ERK signaling pathways. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):735–747, 2016
Painting Digital Word Pictures
Authors: DeHart Jason D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract

This forum highlights and evaluates apps, computer programs, and websites that teachers, students, and other interested parties can use to explore, research, and engage in content learning and literacy practices.
Starting Over One Word at a Time: Useful and Dangerous Discourses
Authors: Ortlieb Evan , Majors Yolanda
Published: June 2016

Most people have struggled with reading in one situation or another, depending on their appreciation for the content, their prior experiences, and the texts. This department column shares ways for educators to help literacy learners unlock their potential with instruction anchored in their skills, knowledge, ways of learning, interests, and attitudes.
“Blowin’ in the Wind”
Authors: Alvermann Donna
Published: June 2016

Responsibility for the columns included in this department will alternate between the two authors/editors. Donna Alvermann leads off with the first column (JAAL 60:1). Colin Harrison will take the lead on the second column (JAAL, 60:2), and so on. We envision this department being a venue for thoughtful discussions of contemporary issues dealing with policy and practice—especially when remixed in ways that generate new insights into enduring dilemmas.
WNT5A and Its Receptors in the Bone-Cancer Dialogue
Authors: Thiele Stefanie , Rachner Tilman D , Rauner Martina , Hofbauer Lorenz C
Published: June 2016

Wnt signaling is critical for tumorigenesis and skeletal remodeling. However, its contribution to the formation of metastatic bone lesions remains poorly defined. One major challenge of unraveling its role in cancer progression is the high complexity of Wnt signaling, which includes numerous ligands, receptors, and inhibitors, with intricate biological effects and specific signaling pathways depending on the cellular context. In this perspective, we summarize the role of the noncanonical Wnt ligand WNT5A in the development and metastatic process of osteotropic cancer entities. We focus on its tumor-suppressive function in breast cancer, tumor promoting effects in melanoma, and ambiguous role in prostate cancer, and discuss potential challenges and opportunities that may be associated with targeting Wnt signaling for cancer therapy and treatment of bone metastases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Human choices between variable and fixed rewards in hypothetical variable‐delay and double‐reward discounting procedures
Authors: McKerchar Todd L. , Mazur James E.
Published: June 2016

Prior research has shown that nonhumans show an extreme preference for variable‐ over fixed‐delays to reinforcement. This well‐established preference for variability occurs because a reinforcer's strength or “value” decreases according to a curvilinear function as its delay increases. The purpose of the present experiments was to investigate whether this preference for variability occurs with human participants making hypothetical choices. In three experiments, participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk made choices between variable and fixed monetary rewards. In a variable‐delay procedure, participants repeatedly chose between a reward delivered either immediately or after a delay (with equal probability) and a reward after a fixed delay (Experiments 1 and 2). In a double‐reward procedure, participants made choices between an alternative consisting of two rewards, one delivered immediately and one after a delay, and a second alternative consisting of a single reward delivered after a delay (Experiments 1 and 3). Finally, all participants completed a standard delay‐discounting task. Although we observed both curvilinear discounting and magnitude effects in the standard discounting task, we found no consistent evidence of a preference for variability—as predicted by two prominent models of curvilinear discounting (i.e., a simple hyperbola and a hyperboloid)—in our variable‐delay and double‐reward procedures. This failure to observe a preference for variability may be attributed to the hypothetical, rule‐governed nature of choices in the present study. In such contexts, participants may adopt relatively simple strategies for making more complex choices.
Expedient Access to Novel Bis‐tetrazolopiperazines via Ugi‐azide Reactions
Authors: Ghandi Mehdi , Sherafat Fatemeh
Published: June 2016

A one‐pot four‐component synthesis of bis‐tetrazolopiperazines in moderate to high yields is described. The reaction consists of condensation of aldehydes or cyclic ketones with piperazine, trimethylsilyl azide, and isocyanides. High reaction efficiency, short reaction time, mild reaction condition, use of simple experimental procedure, and prompt isolation of the products are some advantages of this protocol.
Habitat selection of wild turkeys in burned longleaf pine savannas
Authors: Little Andrew R. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Conner L. Mike , Warren Robert J.
Published: June 2016

Frequent prescribed fire (≤3 yr) and selective harvest of off‐site hardwoods are the primary restoration and management tools for pine (Pinusspp.) savannas in the southeastern United States. However, a knowledge gap exists in our understanding of eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) habitat selection in longleaf pine savannas and research is warranted to direct our future management decisions. Therefore, we investigated habitat selection of female turkeys in 2 longleaf pine savanna systems managed by frequent fire in southwestern Georgia during 2011–2013. We observed differential habitat selection across 2 scales (study area and seasonal area of use) and 3 seasons (fall‐winter: 1 Oct–30 Jan; pre‐breeding: 1 Feb–19 Apr; and summer: 16 Jun–30 Sep). During fall‐winter, turkeys selected mature pine, mixed pine‐hardwoods, hardwoods, and young pine stands, albeit at different scales. During pre‐breeding, turkeys selected for mature pine, mixed pine‐hardwoods, hardwoods, young pine, and shrub‐scrub, although at different scales. During summer, turkeys also demonstrated scale‐specific selection but generally selected for mature pine, hardwoods, and shrub‐scrub. Days‐since‐fire did not influence selection of stands managed by frequent fire (≤3 yr). In cases where female turkeys used pine‐dominated stands (i.e., mature pine, young pine, and mixed pine‐hardwoods), selection was not influenced by days‐since‐fire; however, these results are at least partially due to a lack of longer burn rotations (>3 yr) on our study areas. We suggest land managers consider scale of selection by turkeys when developing habitat management strategies. In addition to creating early successional habitat conditions by using prescribed fire, we recommend managers retain hardwoods and recognize the importance of shrub‐scrub cover to management of turkey populations in longleaf pine savannas. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Chitin Foils and Coatings Prepared from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Walther Patrick , Ota Antje , Müller Alexander , Hermanutz Frank , Gähr Frank , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: June 2016

Chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, are nontoxic, antibacterial, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymers. Due to these properties, they are widely used for biomedical applications such as scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound dressings, separation membranes and antibacterial coatings. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of suitable solvent systems for the direct processing of chitin, e.g., into films and coatings. Such solvents must be nontoxic, noncorrosive, nondegrading, and allow for high chitin concentrations. Here, the potential of designed ionic liquids (IL) as solvents for chitin is outlined. Phosphonium‐ and imidazolium‐based ILs are synthesized, characterized and the influence of the cation on the solution process has been evaluated. It is shown that particularly imidazolium carboxylate‐based ILs are appropriate solvents for chitin and are suitable for the production of foils and coatings on both fabrics and foams.

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How to Choose the Suitable Template for Homology Modelling of GPCRs: 5‐HT7 Receptor as a Test Case
Authors: Shahaf Nir , Pappalardo Matteo , Basile Livia , Guccione Salvatore , Rayan Anwar
Published: June 2016

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a super‐family of membrane proteins that attract great pharmaceutical interest due to their involvement in almost every physiological activity, including extracellular stimuli, neurotransmission, and hormone regulation. Currently, structural information on many GPCRs is mainly obtained by the techniques of computer modelling in general and by homology modelling in particular. Based on a quantitative analysis of eighteen antagonist‐bound, resolved structures of rhodopsin family “A” receptors – also used as templates to build 153 homology models – it was concluded that a higher sequence identity between two receptors does not guarantee a lower RMSD between their structures, especially when their pair‐wise sequence identity (within trans‐membrane domain and/or in binding pocket) lies between 25 % and 40 %. This study suggests that we should consider all template receptors having a sequence identity ≤50 % with the query receptor. In fact, most of the GPCRs, compared to the currently available resolved structures of GPCRs, fall within this range and lack a correlation between structure and sequence. When testing suitability for structure‐based drug design, it was found that choosing as a template the most similar resolved protein, based on sequence resemblance only, led to unsound results in many cases. Molecular docking analyses were carried out, and enrichment factors as well as attrition rates were utilized as criteria for assessing suitability for structure‐based drug design.
Optimal decay rates and global existence for a semilinear Timoshenko system with two damping effects
Authors: Racke Reinhard , Wang Weike , Xue Rui
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study a semilinear Timoshenko system having two damping effects. The observation that two damping effects might lead to smaller decay rates for solutions in comparison with one damping effect is rigorously proved here in providing optimality results. Moreover, the global well‐posedness for small data in a low regularity class is presented for a larger class of nonlinearities than previously known and proved by a simpler approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Backward heat equation with time dependent variable coefficient
Authors: Hapuarachchi Sujeewa , Xu Yongzhi
Published: June 2016

Backward heat equation with time dependent variable coefficient is severely ill‐posed in the sense of Hadamard, so we need regularization. In this paper, we consider Backward heat equation with time dependent variable coefficient, and by small perturbing, we obtain an approximation problem. We show this approximation problem is well‐posed with small parameter. Also, we show this approximation system converges to the original problem when parameter goes to zero. Here, we use modified‐quasi boundary value method to regularize this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions to space‐time fractional diffusion‐reaction equations
Authors: Cheng Xing , Li Zhiyuan , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: June 2016

This article discusses the analyticity and the long‐time asymptotic behavior of solutions to space‐time fractional diffusion‐reaction equations in
. By a Laplace transform argument, we prove that the decay rate of the solution as t→∞ is dominated by the order of the time‐fractional derivative. We consider the decay rate also in a bounded domain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impulsive non‐autonomous dynamical systems and impulsive cocycle attractors
Authors: Bonotto Everaldo M. , Bortolan Matheus C. , Caraballo Tomás , Collegari Rodolfo
Published: June 2016

In this work, we define the notions of ‘impulsive non‐autonomous dynamical systems’ and ‘impulsive cocycle attractors’. Such notions generalize (we will see that not in the most direct way) the notions of autonomous dynamical systems and impulsive global attractors in the current published literature. We also establish conditions to ensure the existence of an impulsive cocycle attractor for a given impulsive non‐autonomous dynamical system, which are analogous to the continuous case. Moreover, we prove the existence of such attractor for a non‐autonomous 2D Navier–Stokes equation with impulses, using energy estimates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.