bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacia la construcción de horizontes alternativos para la práctica pedagógica
Authors: Henao S. Berta Lucila , Isaza M. Luz Stella , Gómez G. María Edilma
Published: October 2017

La propuesta que aquí se presenta es un intento de concreción de las ideas y esperanzas de quienes creemos que es posible comenzar a gestar cambios para que, desde los niveles micro, se irradien nuevas formas de ver y entender los fenómenos y los conceptos relacionados con los compromisos que implica la formación de maestros y el ejercicio de las prácticas pedagógicas como prácticas socio-culturales, en las cuales se articulan y ponen en escena saberes y competencias.Desde esta perspectiva, se concibe y se pone en consideración de la comunidad académica una propuesta pedagógica para los espacios de práctica de los programas de licenciatura que ofrecen las facultades de Educación. Ésta, es el producto principal de la investigación denominada "La práctica pedagógica y la investigación formativa como ejes articuladores de saberes en la formación de maestros", en la cual se analizan los aspectos académicos, administrativos y normativos, en aras de hallar modos de articulación entre los diferentes saberes y disciplinas con la práctica pedagógica.
Los retos de la educación formal ante una nueva y cambiante noción de lo rural
Authors: Méndez Sastoque Marlon Javier
Published: October 2017

El propósito de este artículo es discutir en torno a los retos que enfrenta la educación formal, en respuesta a los cambios ocurridos en el ámbito rural. Para cumplir con lo propuesto, en la primera parte, a manera de planteamiento del problema, se hace una aproximación al nuevo concepto de lo rural, contrastando lo actualmente dicho con posturas calificables como tradicionales. En la segunda se acentúa el tema de la pérdida de protagonismo de la agricultura como actividad sustentadora de las sociedades rurales, llamando, a través de ello, al reconocimiento de su carácter multidimensional. Retomando todo lo anterior, en la tercera parte se argumenta alrededor de los lineamientos que han de orientar la construcción de un nuevo modelo educativo que responda a las expectativas de las nuevas y actuales generaciones rurales, en un marco de apertura de fronteras. El artículo termina con algunas reflexiones acerca de la necesidad de diálogo y construcción conjunta entre los distintos actores relacionados y comprometidos con la educación dirigida al ámbito rural.
Editorial
Authors: Vásquez Tomás
Published: October 2017

La fuerza de los hechos nos ha llevado a prestar atención a una serie de problemas que soporta la sociedad actual y que por lo tanto son ineludibles e impostergables para quienes se mueven en el pensamiento, la investigación y la práctica de la educación. Algunos de estos fenómenos hacen referencia a unos nuevos escenarios culturales y sujetos sociales que han emergido o se han reconfigurado y cargado de nuevas fuerzas y visibilidades en los últimos tiempos. Si bien ellos no son del todo inéditos, sí se presentan hoy con unos rasgos exacerbados por una sociedad de consumo e interconectada globalmente que expresa unas condiciones históricas particulares.
La interlengua de los estudiantes sordos en el aprendizaje del castellano escrito como segunda lengua
Authors: Galvis Peñuela Rosalva
Published: October 2017

Con el concepto de interlengua o lengua infermedia se denomina a la versión o variedad de la lengua diana o lengua de llegada, caracterizada por los rasgos resultantes de las estrategias de aprendizaje lingüístico, en la cual se observa la transferencia de la primera lengua. Identificar los diversos factores de interferencia conducirá sin duda al mejoramiento de las prácticas pedagógicas en la perspectiva de formular estrategias didácticas y metodológicas que permitan a los estudiantes sordos alcanzar mayores niveles de proficiencia en castellano escrito como segunda lengua.
El análisis de la escuela desde la perspectiva cultural: haciendo visible lo invisible
Authors: Romero Carmen Yadira
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se presentan aspectos generales del estudio desarrollado en el segundo año del programa de doctorado en didáctica y organización de instituciones educativas, programa que nos abrió la posibilidad de examinar, reflexionar y buscar obtener una "mirada" desde una óptica diferente acerca de la problemática de la educación en nuestro país, pues ha habido más preocupación por aspectos de la vida escolar relacionados directamente con el proceso de aprendizaje y las mediciones del rendimiento académico.Surgió la inquietud de conocer los centros escolares como organizaciones en las que se generan interacciones colectivas, explorar la red de relaciones que allí se dan, la cultura que estas interacciones y redes originan, buscando encontrar otra dimensión que explique y arroje luces acerca de la realidad del "día a día" de la escuela.
Las unidades didácticas en ciencias y matemáticas. Unidades temáticas en ciencias y matemáticas. Digna Couso, Edelmira Badillo, Gerardo Andrés Perafán Echeverry, y Agustín Ardúriz-Bravo. Cooperativa editorial Magisterio, Bogotá, 2005, 380 pp., Colección didácticas.
Authors: Carvajal Germán
Published: October 2017

La didáctica es la disciplina fundamental en el contexto de la educación contemporánea; es la disciplina en la que, principalmente, debe ser instruido quien aspira a desempeñarse profesionalmente como docente. Éste es uno de los corolarios que se obtienen de la lectura de este texto. A lo largo de sus nueve capítulos se proponen los autores, en sendos ensayos sobre la didáctica de las ciencias y las matemáticas, desarrollar, una propuesta, con orientación constructivista, acerca de cómo desarrollar estrategias de enseñanza de diversos contenidos en ciencias y matemáticas.
Selección/exclusión: dilema de las universidades en América Latina
Authors: Vizcaíno G. Milcíades
Published: October 2017

Este documento está centrado en las condiciones de acceso a la educación superior en América Latina y en las implicaciones para una política educativa democrática en el contexto de un modelo neoliberal. El trabajo inicia con un cuestionamiento de la relación entre democracia y neoliberalismo, continua con la referencia a políticas enunciadas por organismos internacionales y acogidas por los estados, revisa algunas implicaciones de tales políticas y presenta algunas conclusiones.
La educación social y la vulnerabilidad de los niños que permanecen en las calles
Authors: Añaños Bedriñana Fanny T.
Published: October 2017

A partir del desarrollo del estado de bienestar en Europa -tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial-, en las sociedades occidentales constantemente se han ido ampliando y diversificando las prestaciones y atenciones sociales, así como los escenarios y áreas de la pedagogía social, dirigidas hacia distintos sectores de la población dentro del marco de actuación socioeducativa. En Iberoamérica y concretamente en Perú, la pedagogía social desde el punto de vista académico no tiene una presencia significativa como ocurre en Europa; sin embargo, existe una praxis política y social en diversos ámbitos que se desarrolla tanto desde instancias gubernamentales como desde organizaciones no estatales. Uno de estos ámbitos específicos es el de los "menores en riesgo o vulnerables" a los que, de acuerdo con determinados perfiles característicos, hemos denominado "niños que permanecen en las calles".En el trabajo se muestran los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo con jóvenes entre los 9 y 17 años que pasan numerosas horas en la calle, ejercen diversas actividades o que viven permanentemente en este medio de la ciudad de Lima (Perú). Se analizan el perfil del menor y su contexto, sus percepciones sobre el concepto y beneficios atribuidos a las drogas (inhalantes, alcohol y tabaco) y la relación de éstas con las conductas de consumo, todo ello desde la óptica de la educación social.
Jóvenes y ciudadanías culturales
Authors: Arias Gómez Diego , Romero Castro Myriam
Published: October 2017

Este texto constituye una reflexión a partir de una investigación empírica hecha en el campo de la ciudadanía y la manera en que nuevas sensibilidades y prácticas juveniles reconfiguran las nociones tradicionales de esta categoría política. En particular; se constata que las dinámicas culturales marcan cada vez más las interacciones de las nuevas generaciones, sus imaginarios y sus propias percepciones. Este cruce de cultura y ciudadanía, en los jóvenes, provoca interesantes hipótesis de trabajo, que permiten vislumbrar la posibilidad de afirmar la emergencia de ciudadanías culturales.
Gestión escolar inteligente. Instituciones educativas neosistémicas del Siglo XXI. Elías Tapiero Vásquez y Lillyam López de Parra. Colciencias – Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia. 2006. 208 pgs.
Authors: Runge P. Andrés Klaus
Published: October 2017

Los aportes de Niklas Luhmann han logrado actualmente una gran visibilidad dentro de las ciencias sociales y humanas; su propuesta teórica sistémico-funcional da cuenta de aspectos variados como el derecho, la economía, el arte, la religión, el amor, la pedagogía, entre otros. Sin embargo, curiosamente su visibilidad en el ámbito pedagógico, sobre todo en nuestro contexto, sigue siendo la excepción: no sólo las reflexiones de este autor -junto con las de Schorr- sobre el sistema de educación, la educación, la formación y la pedagogía han brillado por su ausencia dentro del debate pedagógico actual, sino que los planteamientos pedagógicos basados en la teoría de sistemas parecieran haberse quedado en la tematización de los aportes del vienés Ludwig von Bertalanffy, en la teoría cibernética inaugurada por N. Wiener y en las ya clásicas visiones matematizadas de la comunicación de Shannon y Weaver.
Editorial
Authors: Vásquez Tomás
Published: October 2017

La noción de práctica pedagógica como tantos términos que circulan por los discursos de la escuela, es bastante problemática. Ella compromete los aspectos institucionalizados referidos a unos espacios (escuela), unos sujetos (maestros) y un saber (pedagogía). En este caso de asume la práctica pedagógica como los procedimientos, estrategias y acciones que regulan la interacción comunicativa estableciendo normatividades y jerarquías en tiempos, espacios objetivos, modos de circular el saber, las posiciones y disposiciones de los sujetos escolares.
¿Tiene la pedagogía un espacio en la educación universitaria? Reflexiones críticas sobre un tema de significativa actualidad
Authors: Quesada Vanegas Gustavo Adolfo
Published: October 2017

Los nuevos contextos generados por el mundo global y la sociedad del conocimiento y la información, la masificación de la universidad, las nuevas condiciones de incorporación de los jóvenes a la universidad, la contrarreforma universitaria actualmente en curso y la necesidad de defender a la universidad como espacio para "pensar los problemas de la humanidad" y como lugar de la reflexión y el debate, exigen un replanteamiento de la "pedagogía universitaria", si realmente estamos interesados en prolongar la universidad en el tiempo, ante la amenaza de su "racionalización" y de su "instrumentalización". El artículo plantea una serie de nuevos problemas y adelanta unas propuestas para la investigación pedagógica a nivel universitario.
Working Capital Management and Profitability: A Study of Selected Auto Ancillary Companies in India
Authors: Biswas Bhaskar
Published: October 2017

The term working capital management refers to overall administration of all the current assets and current liabilities of the firm. Current ratio, days sales outstanding, days inventory, payables period, cash conversion cycle (CCC) are regarded as the measures of working capital management. An attempt has been made in the present study to evaluate the relation between working capital management and profitability of five selected auto ancillary companies in India viz, Bosch India, Motherson Sumi Systems Limited, Exide Industries Limited, Amara Raja Batteries and Wabco India Limited. Using Karl Pearson’s simple and multiple correlation, and regression analysis, it is found that only in case of Amara Raja Batteries there is significant correlation between profitability and factors of working capital management.
Comparative Analysis of Top Private Sector Banks in India based on CAMEL Parameters
Authors: Rawlin Rajveer S. , Mounika Muddam , Shanmugam Ramaswamy
Published: October 2017

The CAMEL rating is a well-established technique to compare the performance of banks and financial institutions. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is a very useful growth measure. We compare the top five private sector banks in India, ranking them via the CAMEL rating based on the CAGR of CAMEL parameters. Of the banks chosen for the study, IndusInd bank ranked first in capital adequacy, asset quality and earnings quality. HDFC bank ranked first in management efficiency and Axis bank ranked first in liquidity. The bank with the best overall CAMEL rank proved to be IndusInd bank. By providing a basis of comparison for different banks, the CAMEL rating can yield valuable insight to several stake holders of banks such as top management, investors and regulators.
Genotyping the ADAMTS5-J (Deltagen) mouse strain v1
Authors: Hemmeryckx Bianca , Bauters Dries , Roger Lijnen H.
Published: October 2017

ADAMTS5, the main aggrecanase, is a protein that seems to play a functional role in the development of brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) and browning of WAT. These observations were made using the ADAMTS5-P mice originally generated by Pfizer, in collaboration with Lexicon Genetics (The Woodlands, TX, USA). ADAMTS5-J mice were generated by Deltagen Inc. and are now commercially available through The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, USA). The targeting construct, containing an IRES-lacZ-neomycin cassette, substituted 134 nucleotides of exon 2.
Three Tales about Limits to Smart Cities Solutions
Authors: Rasouli Soora , Timmermans Harry , Yang Dujuan
Published: October 2017

This editorial is the introduction to a special issue on smart cities. The concept of a smart city is not well-defined, yet expectations among urban planners and decision-makers are high. This special issue contains three papers that discuss three different manifestations of smart cities and the success—or lack of it—of the solutions discussed. The papers highlight some limitations of the concept of smart cities, but at the same time also pinpoint some potentially beneficial solutions.
The Ubiquitous-Eco-City of Songdo: An Urban Systems Perspective on South Korea's Green City Approach
Authors: Mullins Paul D.
Published: October 2017

Since the 1980s, within the broader context of studies on smart cities, there has been a growing body of academic research on networked cities and “computable cities” by authors including Manuel Castells (Castells, 1989; Castells & Cardoso, 2005), William Mitchell (1995), Michael Batty (2005, 2013), and Rob Kitchin (2011). Over the last decade, governments in Asia have displayed an appetite and commitment to construct large scale city developments from scratch—one of the most infamous being the smart entrepreneurial city of Songdo, South Korea. Using Songdo as a case study, this paper will examine, from an urban systems perspective, some of the challenges of using a green-city model led by networked technology. More specifically, this study intends to add to the growing body of smart city literature by using an external global event—the global financial crisis in 2008—to reveal what is missing from the smart city narrative in Songdo. The paper will use the definition of an urban system and internal subsystems by Bertuglia et al. (1987) and Bertuglia, Clarke and Wilson (1994) to reveal the sensitivity and resilience of a predetermined smart city narrative. For instance, what happens if the vision moves from the originally intended international-orientated population towards remarketing the city to attract a domestic middle-class population. The lens of the financial crisis in 2008 revealed that the inherent inflexibility of a closed-system approach in Songdo was not sufficiently resilient to external shocks. The shift towards a domestic middle-class population revealed the inequality in accessing the city services in a system designed with formalized and rigid inputs and outputs. By focusing predominantly on technology, the social dimensions of the city were not part of Songdo’s smart city vocabulary. Therefore, in adopting a technologically deterministic approach (Mullins & Shwayri, 2016) to achieving efficiency and combating environmental issues, Songdo’s green city model was found insufficient in its ability to cope with the complexity and dissonance that occurs in relation to “glocal” challenges facing cities today.
Investigating the Potential of Ridesharing to Reduce Vehicle Emissions
Authors: Jalali Roozbeh , Koohi-Fayegh Seama , El-Khatib Khalil , Hoornweg Daniel , Li Heng
Published: October 2017

As urban populations grow, cities need new strategies to maintain a good standard of living while enhancing services and infrastructure development. A key area for improving city operations and spatial layout is the transportation of people and goods. While conventional transportation systems (i.e., fossil fuel based) are struggling to serve mobility needs for growing populations, they also represent serious environmental threats. Alternative-fuel vehicles can reduce emissions that contribute to local air pollution and greenhouse gases as mobility needs grow. However, even if alternative-powered vehicles were widely employed, road congestion would still increase. This paper investigates ridesharing as a mobility option to reduce emissions (carbon, particulates and ozone) while accommodating growing transportation needs and reducing overall congestion. The potential of ridesharing to reduce carbon emissions from personal vehicles in Changsha, China, is examined by reviewing mobility patterns of approximately 8,900 privately-owned vehicles over two months. Big data analytics identify ridesharing potential among these drivers by grouping vehicles by their trajectory similarity. The approach includes five steps: data preprocessing, trip recognition, feature vector creation, similarity measurement and clustering. Potential reductions in vehicle emissions through ridesharing among a specific group of drivers are calculated and discussed. While the quantitative results of this analysis are specific to the population of Changsha, they provide useful insights for the potential of ridesharing to reduce vehicle emissions and the congestion expected to grow with mobility needs. Within the study area, ridesharing has the potential to reduce total kilometers driven by about 24% assuming a maximum distance between trips less than 10 kilometers, and schedule time less than 60 minutes. For a more conservative maximum trip distance of 2 kilometers and passenger schedule time of less than 40 minutes, the reductions in traveled kilometers could translate to the equivalent of approximately 4.0 tons CO2 emission reductions daily.
Making Smart and Sustainable Infrastructure Projects Viable: Private Choices, Public Support, and Systems Constraints
Authors: Noonan Douglas , Zhou Shan , Kirkman Robert
Published: October 2017

Sustainable cities will require major infrastructure investments coupled with widespread behavioral change. Examples of smart, green technologies abound, but evidence for actual use lags. This partly owes to the tension between public support and private choices: individuals thinking as members of the public may see solutions as smart for the city, but thinking of their private interests may see those same solutions as not smart for themselves. This also owes to the disconnect between private and public choices, on the one hand, and the workings of complex systems, on the other. Even if public and private interests align, existing built environment systems may resist change. This article examines public perception and use of the Atlanta BeltLine, a pioneering sustainability initiative to transform the auto-dependent city into a greener, denser city. Analyzing a general public survey reveals widespread support for the BeltLine alongside reticence from residents to change their commute or greenspace use. The findings also show that drivers of public support and prospective use of the BeltLine differ. Public support may be insufficient if individual use decisions do not follow. Yet, private adoption decisions may not follow until and unless the systems in which they are embedded are already changing.
The Social Dimension of Sustainable Neighborhood Design: Comparing Two Neighborhoods in Freiburg, Germany
Authors: Hagen Bjoern , Nassar Cara , Pijawka David
Published: October 2017

The study presented in this article adds to the body of research on the socio-cultural dimension of sustainable cit-ies by looking at the efforts of the City of Freiburg, Germany to create neighborhoods that acknowledge the im-portance of the social dimension of sustainable development. The research in this article is centered on evaluating the social responses of living in Freiburg’s two recognized sustainable neighborhoods Rieselfeld and Vauban. The study focuses on the motivational factors that prompted todays residents of the two neighborhoods to move there in the first place, their level of satisfaction living there now, and their perceived social interactions and level of community engagement. Result show that satisfaction with living in a place and reinforcing its assets through so-cial resiliency or livability can result in long-term community staying power. In general, there were few differences in preferences ratings of physical and social assets between the two communities. The levels of importance of so-cial factors contributing to place satisfaction and staying power were not significantly different in both neighbor-hoods. Having a “cluster” of social factors present that were important to residents contributed significantly to place satisfaction. In fact, survey results showed that it was these social factors that were seen as more important to place satisfaction than the physical attributes of sustainable developments.
Biophilic Cities and Healthy Societies
Authors: Beatley Timothy
Published: October 2017

Biophilia holds that as a species humans are innately drawn to nature and to living things. Mounting research confirms the many positive health benefits of contact with nature, and the need for daily (and hourly) contact with the natural environment in order to live happy, healthy, meaningful lives. A new vision of Biophilic Cities is put forward here: cities that are nature-abundant, that seek to protect and grow nature, and that foster deep connections with the natural world. This article describes the emergence of this global movement, the new and creative ways that cities are restoring, growing and connecting with nature, and the current status and trajectory of a new global Biophilic Cities Network, launched in 2013. There remain open questions, and significant challenges, to advancing the Biophilic Cities vision, but it also presents unusual opportunities to create healthier, livable cities and societies.
Holocene alluvial sequence in the Val de Zaragoza (Los Monegros) in the palaeoenvironmental context of the Ebro Basin (NE Spain)
Authors: Peña-Monné J.L. , Sampietro-Vattuone M.M. , Longares-Aladrén L.A. , Pérez-Lambán F. , Sánchez-Fabre M. , Alcolea-Gracia M. , Vallés L. , Echeverria-Arnedo M.T. , Baraza C.
Published: October 2017

Flat-bottomed valleys formed by Holocene fills are the most characteristic landforms in the center of the Ebro basin. This paper analyzes, within a regional framework, a small fluvial basin located in the north of the Alcubierre Range. Three Holocene morphosedimentary units (H1-H3) and a sub-functional level (H4) are identified. These units are representative of the regional geomorphological evolutionary process in the Ebro basin. New chronological insights on climate and landscape management are provided by a study of the Bastarás weir, a construction made for water flow management during the Little Ice Age (LIA). The integration of Val de Zaragoza radiocarbon datings into the regional framework enables the authors to identify the main formation stages, as well as the influence of climatic and human factors on its evolution. The intensification of human pressure in the territory is reflected in a progressive increase in sediment accumulation rates in the valleys, peaking during Roman times and the Little Ice Age.
Экономико-математическое моделирование в оценке рисков инновационной деятельности предприятия
Authors: Азимина Екатерина Валерьевна
Published: October 2017

В статье определены новые факторы, формирования рисков в процессе создания инновационной ценности на основе экономико-математического моделирования, рассмотрена сущность новых рисков, характерных для создания инновационной ценности, представлена прямая модель линейного программирования формирования оптимального портфеля инноваций, обеспечивающего максимизацию создания стоимости с учетом дополнительных ограничений, учитывающих значимость различных видов инноваций, что в результате позволяет сформировать инновационный портфель наиболее точно отвечающий стратегии предприятия, а также к данной прямой задаче приведена двойственная задача направленная на поиск цен ресурсов инновационного плана, выражаемых в категориях цены капитала, обеспечивающего «нормативную» доходность и цены инвестиций по различным направлениям, при этом ограничения двойственной задачи показывают природу надбавки за риск формирования оптимального портфеля, вид ограничений позволяет сформулировать условие, что фактическая доходность инвестиций по направлениям с учетом риска должна быть больше «нормативной» доходности, для долгосрочных проектов с помощью математических преобразований дисконтированных рядов раскрыта надбавка за риск как индекса, отражающего снижение дохода во времени.
Actividad fungistática y fungicida de extractos etanólicos de propóleos sobre el crecimiento in vitro de cepas del género Candida
Authors: Joya Milagros , Gil Marielsa , Bastidas-Pacheco Gilberto
Published: October 2017

Los extractos etanólicos del propóleos poseen actividad antifúngica en diferentes especies de levaduras, propiedad de importancia por ser una opción terapéutica económica y poco toxica respecto a los antimicóticos tradicionales, de particular utilidad sobre especies del complejo Candida albicans, patógeno oportunista. A pesar de que la composición química general del propóleos es similar en las distintas regiones del mundo, su actividad antifúngica no parece serlo. El objetivo fue determinar la actividad fungistática y fungicida de propóleos venezolano y de 3 regiones del mundo. Para ello cepas del Complejo C. albicans, C. guillermondi, C. krusei y C. tropicalis se enfrentaron a distintas concentraciones de extractos etanólicos de propóleos. Los propóleos de mayor actividad biológica fueron los de Alemania e Italia (10,2 mg/mL), seguidos por el de Venezuela (15,6 mg/mL) y España (18,8 mg/mL). La CMI en las especies más sensibles a los propóleos fueron C. krusei y C. guillermondii (8,6 mg/mL como promedio de los 4 propóleos). Los extractos etanólicos de propóleos italiano y alemán son fungicidas en todas las cepas estudiadas en diluciones de 1/32 (concentración final de 3,12 mg/dL). Se concluye que los extractos etanólicos de propóleos tienen efectos fungistáticos y fungicidas sobre las especies del Complejo C. albicans, C. krusei, C. guillermondii y C. tropicalis; que C. tropicalis es la especie más resistente a la acción biológica del propóleos  y C. krusei y C. guillermondii las más sensibles; que los propóleos de Alemania e Italia son los más efectivos contra las especies de Candida aisladas de pacientes venezolanas.
Relación de parámetros edáficos sobre la diversidad y distribución espacial de nematodos de vida libre
Authors: Castilla-Díaz Elder Eduardo , Millán-Romero Euriel , Mercado-Ordoñez Jaime , Millán-Páramo Carlos
Published: October 2017

Se realizó un estudio sobre la diversidad, riqueza, dominancia y equidad de la nematofauna y la relación de estos organismos con algunos parámetros físicos y químicos del suelo en 15 sitios de tres localidades de la Subregión Sabana departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Utilizando la metodología de Jenkins (1964), se extrajeron un total de 4.683 individuos, identificados utilizando claves taxonómicas, en 22 géneros y uno no determinado (c.f Dorylaiminae). Los parámetros edáficos se realizaron utilizando las metodologías del IGAC (2006) y la diversidad se estimó haciendo uso de índices de diversidad; relacionando estos dos factores se observó mayor abundancia de nematodos en suelos de textura franco arenosa, principalmente de los géneros Criconemella, c.f. Dorylaiminae y Helycotilenchus. La humedad, porosidad, materia orgánica y pH, no presentan relación en cuanto a diversidad de los nematodos identificados. Contrario con la textura del suelo que si influyen en la abundancia y la fracción limo en diversidad. Sin embargo la presencia de los géneros Criconemella y c.f Dorylaiminae no están determinada por estos parámetros edáficos.
Educación emprendedora: Estado del arte
Authors: Sánchez García José Carlos , Ward Alexander , Hernández Brizeida , Florez Jenny Lizette
Published: October 2017

La incertidumbre y ambigüedad en el empleo es una realidad en muchas sociedades actuales, por lo cual la idea de auto emplearse ha comenzado a tomar un rol más activo, no solo por necesidad, sino por los prospectos que trae de innovación y mejoría a las sociedades. Ante esta situación social nos asalta la pregunta: ¿Cómo podemos potenciar el espíritu emprendedor en nuestros estudiantes? El artículo tiene como objetivo recopilar información teórica del estado del arte sobre la educación emprendedora; lo que ha sido, es, y puede ser, con la finalidad de presentar la actualidad sobre el tema, tanto en el campo psicológico como en el campo pedagógico. Para lograr este objetivo, se recopiló información proveniente de 108 fuentes investigativas, refiriéndose a libros y artículos de revista, concluyendo que, a pesar de que a nivel general la educación emprendedora ha contribuido significativamente a su entorno y la producción de empresas, países tercermundistas o subdesarrollados, específicamente los de Latinoamérica, aun requieren esfuerzo extra para implementar en su cabalidad el tema de emprendimiento a nivel académico, particularmente, por desafíos como inestabilidad política, tecnología y competencia a nivel internacional.
Genetic Defense Approaches against Begomoviruses
Authors: Islam Waqar
Published: October 2017

Concerns are increasing day by day as begomoviruses (Geminiviridea) are posing serious threat to large number of cultivated and non cultivated crops globally. Rapid emergence, diversity and spread of begomoviruses are mainly due to food trade and modernized agricultural practices. Strategies that can be adopted for defense against begomoviruses include several cultural, sanitary and chemical measures but all these are temporary, expensive, laborious and environmentally hazardous. So adopting genetic defense mechanisms against the begomoviruses can be a permanent and long lasting solution. These may include transgenic incorporated resistance in cultivars through biotechnological measures and pathogenic derived resistance via virus proteomic approaches. Similarly RNAi and Antisense RNA based technology can be utilized for virus disease management. The review converge its focus upon the modern day biotechnological approaches to cope the begomoviruses and sheds light upon various genetic defense approaches by summing up the recent documented research regarding the management of begomoviruses.
Optimizing the Development of Tight Reserves of the V. Vinogradov Field using Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Karpov V. , Parshin N. , Chertenkov M. , Veremko N. , Aleroev A. , Kuchmezov Sh.
Published: October 2017

The work describes the implemented techniques which help optimize reservoir engineering for tight oil deposits with the usage of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing by up-to-date methods of fracturing values’ evaluation. The work also identifies reasons of high water cut of well production after the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing at the V. Vinogradov field. The work also describes principles of preparing and implementing the optimum design of the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing under the conditions of unconstrained growth of the vertical component of the hydraulic fracture without any restraining barriers. After the set of operations, the quality of hydraulic fracture control increased and the well production water cut reduced.
New Approaches in the Development of Carbonate Deposits
Authors: Povzhyk P. P. , Privalov V. V. , Kudryashov A. A. , Serdyukov D. V. , Zhuk I. V.
Published: October 2017

New approaches to the development of reserves accumulated in carbonate reservoirs are based on the classification of deposits by a number of characteristics, the development of approaches and technologies for each class of deposits that will allow to achieve maximum oil production, as well as on demonstration of their feasibility using the hydrodynamic models with account being taken of geological and field data. The idea of this project is to create effective reservoir development technologies based on the synthesis of the latest knowledge in geology, seismic, geological and hydrodynamic simulation, current level of technology and stimulation techniques, field development and oil production experience. This paper offers an algorithm for identification of causes that limit production levels and oil recovery rate (ORR). Based on the identified limiting factors and reservoir class, the most efficient reserve recovery technology is selected and justified. Based on the studies, six groups of deposits were identified and approaches for efficient recovery of reserves were formed. Integrated approaches include traditional and pioneer technologies: sidetracking with fracturing/multistage fracturing; water injection using the MCPS and HPS; transient waterflooding using hydrodynamic and physicochemical advanced recovery methods; dual injection technology; thermal gas treatment technology; desalinization technology (dissolution of catagenetic halite); technology of well operation using the pumping equipment with a packer.

The novelty of the research is that efficient approaches have been developed aimed at increasing the ORR with account being taken of the geology of carbonate reservoir rocks. The deposits classification makes it possible to accurately determine the approaches to the development of oil fields, which in its turn will increase the recovery rates and oil production. This approach has allowed to stabilize oil production in the Republic of Belarus (BLR) over the last 5 years, despite the deteriorating structure of total recoverable reserves.
Optimum Practices to Mitigate Gas Migration Problems in Deep Gas Wells
Authors: Al-Yami Abdullah , Mukherjee Tushar S. , Riskiawan Arris , Wagle Vikrant
Published: October 2017

Gas Migration through cement columns has been an industry problem for many years. The most problematic areas for gas migrations occur in deep gas wells. To control gas migration, cementing practices should be optimized. The cementing practices include cement composition, drilling fluids composition, spacer composition and operations such as pumping procedure and pressure testing.

Gas migration can occur due to settling in high-density cement slurries. Cement densities required to successfully cement the zone could be as high as 170 pcf (Pounds per Cubic Foot). As cement slurry sets, hydrostatic pressure is reduced on the formation. During this transition, gases can travel up through the cement column resulting in gas being present at the surface.

Gas migration problems can also occur due to poor displacement. Spacers, cements and drilling fluids should be designed and tested for compatibility for good displacements and bonding. Different types of spacer is required for each type of drilling fluid such as salted drilling fluid or oil based fluids. Testing should include running rheology tests, thickening time tests and compressive strength development tests.

Cement shrinkage is another factor that can cause gas migration problems. Expansion additives are usually added to overcome this problem. However, attention should be made to optimize the concentration and type used to avoid over expansion behavior that can cause micro cracks in the cement matrix. Different cycling effect in temperature and pressure can cause gas migration channels due to creation of micro cracks.

This paper highlights some of the effort to prevent casing/casing pressure leaks from deep gas wells.
Automatic System of Drilling Parameters Field Data Analysis
Authors: Galeev S. R. , Lind Yu. B. , Gabbasov B. M. , Sharipov T. R. , Shlychkov K. E. , Khashper B. L.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the work is development of automatic system of field data analysis which allows making recommendations on selection of optimal drilling parameters (kind and parameters of drilling fluid, type and characteristics of bits and motors) on the base of field data on drilled wells of an oilfield for effective drilling meterage of wellbore and prevention of troubles in drilling new wells.

The authors have developed automatic system containing database, web-interface and data analysis modules. Modules for statistical analysis of field data on drilling parameters implement nonparametric regression methods for making recommendations on trouble prevention and elimination actions and statistical methods of optimal drilling modes selection.

Retrospective analysis of developed system revealed good agreement between the predicted values of losses intensity and the actual data (results are the same in 88% of cases). So application of developed automatic system for drilling designing allows increasing quality of decision making, reducing probability of abnormal situations emergence and well construction costs.
Experience in Stimulating Multilateral Horizontal Wells using a Multilateral Reentry System and a Dispersion of Acid and Solvent and a Viscoelastic Diverting Acid
Authors: Galiev T. , Zelentsov A. , Golitsina E. , Khabibullin R. , Nifontov N. , Nurullin A. M. , Gaynetdinov R. F. , Burdin K. , Starodubtseva K. , Gromovenko A. , Nuriakhmetov R. , Kovalevsky A. , Lisitsyn A
Published: October 2017

The Bashkirian Formation within the Stepnoozerskoe oil field is represented by carbonate rocks with a complex geological structure characterized by high lateral and vertical heterogeneity. The reservoir temperature is about 23 deg C, the pressure does not exceed hydrostatic, the viscosity of oil in the reservoir conditions exceeds 200 cP, porosity and permeability of the reservoir vary widely.

In 2016, a pilot project to drill 2 multilateral wells on the Bashkir Formation was carried out; each well has 4 sidetracks (fishbones). Development of the reservoir with multilateral horizontal wells based on the simulation results allows to accelerate oil production, significantly improving the project economics, and the presence of horizontal sidetracks mitigates the risks associated with high lateral heterogeneity and ensures maximum contact of the wellbore with the reservoir.

To stimulate the inflow into the wells, it is necessary to conduct acid treatments. Two unique works were carried out in Russia with the use of a multilateral reentry system for detection and selective access into different boreholes. This system made it possible to orient and successfully enter the multilateral well with 4 open horizontal sidetracks for subsequent acid treatment. The treatment of the bottomhole zone was carried out with the help of self-diverting acidic compositions. In one of the wells, a buffer of hydrocarbon solvent, followed by steps of retarded hydrochloric acid injection and self-diverting acidic composition based on surface active agents was used. In another well, a dispersion of acid and solvent and a viscoelastic diverting acid on a polymer free base were used as a buffer.

In this paper, the authors describe the experience of stimulating multilateral horizontal wells and a comparative analysis of the results obtained.
Integrated Approach to Drilling, Formation Evaluation and Completion: Filanovskoye field Case Study
Authors: Rakitin M. , Shtepin D. , Golenkin M. , Shtun S. , Makhmotov A. , Rizvanov M. , Kuzakov V. , Novikov S. , Fitsner A. , Bulygin I. , Khakmedov A.
Published: October 2017

Whenever oil industry suffers another downturn companies fall back on conventional tools and methods. It is a valid move to cut down on spending and optimize cash flow. However, even in restricted times smart investments in valuable data can quickly redeem itself and bring extra barrels of production that fully justify the expense.

The following case study describes such case of smart utilization of unorthodox logging package that resulted in production optimization and better understanding of reservoir.
Ultra-Slim Cable-Deployed ESP Systems for Oil Field Development and Production
Authors: Gorbunov Dmitrii
Published: October 2017

An ultra-slim pumping system, Colibri ESP, 217 series, outer diameter 55 mm (2.17") and the technology for its application and deployment through 73 mm (2 7/8") tubing have been successfully developed and implemented. The equipment is deployed on a carrying cable without the need of involvement of a costly rig crew. Running to the setting depth of 2.5 km (8202 ft) takes only 1 hour.

This provides significant savings in terms of capital and workover costs, thus reducing total oil field development costs.
Identification of Refracturing Reorientation using Decline-Analysis and Geomechanical Simulator
Authors: Asalkhuzina G. F. , Davletbaev A. Ya. , Fedorov A. I. , Yuldasheva A. R. , Efremov A. N. , Sergeychev A. V. , Ishkin D. Z.
Published: October 2017

Refracturing is used in many producing wells to improve well productivity, which falls over time. Well rate/pressure performance analysis indicates that in some cases a significant improvement of well productivity is observed after refracturing. Fracture reorientation is a possible reason why well productivity improves. It is important to run a forecast of fracture reorientation after refracturing. Completing this task will help develop an approach to a better selection of candidate wells for refracturing.

This paper shows results of numerical modeling of well rate and pressure performance before and after refracturing for cases when properties of the "old" fracture improved and for a case of fracture reorientation after hydraulic fracturing (HF), i.e., for two (the "old" one and the "new" one) perpendicular fractures. Results of numerical modeling made it possible to estimate the contribution that the improvement/recovery of the "old" fracture properties make into the well inflow as well as the contribution resulting from the existence of two fractures. Further, the production pressure analysis of field data for wells where repeated HF jobs were performed was made. The occurrence of fracture reorientation in all considered examples was checked in the geomechanical module. The analysis of the impact, which different reservoir values, Yung module have upon the possibility to redirect the fracture during refracturing, was performed in the geomechanical module, too.
Isokinetic Sampling of Multiphase Flow of Formation Fluids in Near-Critical Region
Authors: Muraviev Alexander
Published: October 2017

The representative sampling of formation fluid at the gas-condensate fields is very important, though, still unresolved task. Since the bottom-hole pressure drops rapidly below dew point in the course of well testing, the samples taken by the downhole samplers are not generally representative samples. The surface sampling of near-critical fluids by means of a test separator, as well as current no-separator methods of sampling from a multiphase mix are imperfect in many ways.

Proposed here is an alternative method of sampling from multiphase flow meter measurement line, where the well is first brought on to stable production corresponding to formation fluid recovery with maximum gas-condensate factor. After that a multiphase stream of fluids will be allowed to pass through an effective mixer (emulsifier) to attain isokinetic flow, which will be followed by taking samples under pressure into high pressure vessels whose thermodynamic conditions correspond to conditions in the sampling line. Such technology will ideally work with any in-line multiphase flowmeters, since these measuring devices do not require fluid separation, while the accuracy of measurements in a uniform mix increases. The sampling technology implicates availability of three components: choke manifold, emulsifier installed in a bypass line, and multiphase flow meter. The proposed method of sampling non-separated mix from multiphase flow meter measurement line is simple for implementation, economically efficient and helps solve the task of obtaining representative formation samples of near-critical fluids. It can be used as an alternative to the downhole and separator sampling and is suitable for testing gas-condensate and oil wells. The compactness, information capacity and productivity of the system, including multiphase flow meter with taking samples, provides new opportunities for maritime testing of wells and, in particular, at the Arctic shelf.
Interpretation of Indicator Studies of Multistage Fracturing
Authors: Mazo A. B. , Sattarov R. I. , Khamidullin M. R. , Potashev K. A. , Trifonov T. V.
Published: October 2017

The paper presents a technique for interpreting indicator studies of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF) on horizontal wells (HW), based on numerical modeling of indicator transfer in the near-well zone. Two problems are distinguished in the simulation: the direct problem of calculating the pressure, water saturation, and concentration of the indicator at the given parameters of the well during the injection of the indicator and the further operation of the well; the inverse problem of selecting the parameters of the hydraulic fractures (geometry and permeability) from the measured curves of the indicator removal after the transfer of the well to the withdrawal. In the course of solving the inverse problem, the separation of the total water and oil rates along the fracturing intervals is determined.

The direct problem is based on the mathematical model of a three-dimensional two-phase multicomponent filtration taking into account diffusion and sorption in the region of drainage of HW with MSHF. The case of water-soluble indicators is considered in the model. In the numerical implementation of this model, we use structured finite-volume grids with significant condensation near the fractures and wells, as well as fast-acting algorithms for the end-to-end solution of the problem for pressure in the reservoir and fractures and an explicit-implicit scheme for solving the tracer transfer problem.

The solution of the inverse problem minimizes the deviation of the calculated tracer output curves, total production rate and water cut from the corresponding observation data. The minimization is performed iteratively (by modifying the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno method with the limitation of the memory used).The direct problem is solved at each iteration. In this case, a simplified model is used that takes into account the rectilinear-parallel structure of the filtration flow in the penetration region of the tracer, which makes it possible to expand the three-dimensional problem into a series of one-dimensional ones and substantially accelerate the calculation.

The proposed algorithm for the interpretation of indicator studies is demonstrated by the example of processing real data obtained during the 4-interval transverse MSHF on a HW of a productive reservoir represented by the interlacing of sandy-siltstone rocks with dense interlayers of clays belonging to the terrigenous deposits of the Achimov strata of Western Siberia. The length of the horizontal section of the wellbore was 820 m. The water-soluble indicators DCT-WS-01, DCT-WS-03, DCT-WS-04, and DCT-WS-07 were used as tracers. The main hydraulic fracturing was preceded by mini-fracturing. The fractures contained 80 tons of ceramic proppant for the first three stages and 60 tons for the fourth stage. The average half-length of the hydraulic fractures was 100 m, height - 50 m, and thickness - 4 mm.