bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of Streptococcus mutans levels in both infants with bottle caries and their mothers
Authors: Brown John P. , Junner Carmel , Liew Vincent
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A relationship was sought between the rampant form of caries in infants known as bottle caries and Streptococcus mutans levels in both these infants and their mothers. Streptococcus mutans scores in children with active bottle caries were high. Mothers' and children's scores were significantly related, providing a basis for further studies of efficient primary prevention.
A longitudinal survey of removable partial dentures. I. Patient assessment of dentures
Authors: Lechner Sybille K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A system was developed for the assessment of the function and use of partial dentures for 176 patients treated by final‐year students in the University of Sydney Dental School. These patients were observed at intervals of six months, and the assessment was made by the author and by the patients.
An unusual dental presentation of cat scratch disease
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Tuffley M. , Young W. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of cat scratch disease which confronted a general dental practitioner as a submandibular swelling is described. Other interesting aspects of the case include a fluctuating response to antibiotic therapy and a presumed appearance of the disease within the immediate family of the affected child.
Amalgam restoration of posterior proximal cavities with deep and concave gingival outlines
Authors: Darveniza M.
Published: May 2009

A technique for making a matrix and wedges for amalgam restoration of deep and concave gingival outlined proximal cavities is described. Two clinical situations involving concave surfaces of the maxillary first molar and premolar are illustrated.
The bimaxillary mouthguard: a preliminary report of use in contact sports
Authors: Chapman P. J.
Published: May 2009

The bimaxillary mouthguard provides a new concept in the prevention of orofacial and concussional sporting injuries. Its use is generally recommended for participants in the various contact sports, especially by those at increased risk of sustaining such injuries. This mouthguard was developed by the author and has been successfully used for more than three years. The results of a questionnaire study of 30 sportsmen who had been fitted with a bimaxillary mouthguard is presented together with details of fabrication. The acceptance rate was found to be very high (97 per cent), no orofacial injuries were sustained whilst the mouthguard was being worn, and none of the wearers would consider reverting to a standard custom mouthguard.
The effect of a fluorocarbon surfactant on the surface tension of the endodontic irrigant, sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Cameron Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2009

A fluorochemical surfactant was used to reduce the surface tension of 4 per cent sodium hypochlorite from 70 mN/m to 27 mN/m. The solution was stable for more than one month when tested for reduced surface tension, available chlorine, and protein solvent ability. No chemical residue remained on the root canal wall when viewed using scanning electron microscopy.
Orthodontics in general practice — a survey
Authors: Howell Susan
Published: May 2009

A questionnaire was designed and sent to 385 recent dental practitioners who practise in New South Wales. The practitioners graduated from 1980–83 at the University of Sydney. Thirty‐nine per cent or 151 of the questionnaires were returned. Fifty‐four per cent or 82 of the 151 practitioners indicated that they provide active orthodontic treatment to their patients. The upper removable appliance is the most commonly used form of therapy. Most of these practitioners refer the majority of their patients requiring orthodontic treatment to a specialist.
Glass ionomer cements: some factors in film thickness
Authors: Wong Theresa C. C. , Bryant Roland W.
Published: May 2009

Investigation of the film thicknesses of four luting glass ionomer cements over a range of powder/liquid ratios indicated that the four cements had a similar potential film thickness of approximately 28 μm. Scanning electron‐microscopic examination revealed that the glass ionomer cement powders contain a small number of relatively large particles and an abundance of very fine particles.
The future of conservative dentistry*
Authors: Lester Keith S.
Published: May 2009

The once overwhelming demand for treatment of untreated gross carious lesions and pulpally involved teeth is fast disappearing in much of the western world. It is important that this be a cause of pride and not concern to the committed conservative dentist.

In order to gain some perspective on the future, five basic points are explored: decreased caries incidence; recent evaluations of the so‐called ‘shortened dental arch’; predictive testing; consideration of the training of future dentists; and the question of how many dentists might be needed in the future.

The conclusion is drawn that the opportunity exists for a rational wide‐ranging and rewarding approach to the future practice of conservative dentistry.
The immediate maxillary full denture. II. The dento‐alveolar complex
Authors: Johnson K.
Published: May 2009

The structure and anatomy of the dento‐alveolar complex and the forces developed in the oral cavity are reviewed. In addition, some aspects of recent and current research into biomechanical and electrical properties of bone are discussed.
The in vitro effect of retinol on human gingival epithelium
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Seymour G. J. , Powell R. N.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An in vitro model of gingival epithelium was used to evaluate the effect of retinol (vitamin A) on this tissue. This system allowed the use of a range of therapeutic and clinically toxic doses of the vitamin. High doses of retinol were toxic to epithelial cells, whereas doses of a therapeutic level produced relatively little change when compared with solvent‐treated and untreated controls. These results reflect clinical studies which demonstrate a lack of response of gingival leukoplakias to retinol treatment, and lend support to the concept that epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions may influence the pattern of differentiation of the human oral mucosa.
Oral complications of premature birth
Authors: Seow W. Kim
Published: May 2009

Abstract— With increasing survival of prematurely‐born infants in recent years it is important to recognize that these children are highly predisposed to developmental dental defects. The pathogenesis of these defects are multifactorial, the major factors being systemic. Contributory local traumatic factors from endotracheal intubation are also important. Although dental involvement may be extensive, there appear to be no adverse persistent effects on palatal configuration.
Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. III. Anterior repositioning splint therapy
Authors: Moloney Frank , Howard James A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Over a four‐year period, anterior repositioning (REPO) splint therapy was used to treat 241 temporomandibular joint pain patients for whom a clinical diagnosis of anterior disc displacement had been made. Following an initial six months of active REPO therapy, the response to treatment over the ensuing twelve months was generally encouraging, control of joint noise and discomfort being achieved in 70 per cent of the treated sample. This figure had decreased to 53 per cent at the two‐year follow‐up and, by the end of three years, only 36 per cent were considered successfully treated.

It is suggested that REPO splint therapy for anterior disc displacement should not be lightly undertaken by the general dental practitioner but that a more conservative approach should be adopted for the vast majority of TMJ pain patients.
The immediate maxillary full denture. I. Clinical observations
Authors: Johnson K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Research into the dimensional changes associated with immediate denture treatment is reviewed and a statistical survey of the author's work is presented. The forces associated with the dento‐alveolar complex are discussed, and a resumé of experimental work into the electrical and biomechanical properties of bone is presented. Stress generated potentials derived from the piezo‐electric effect and streaming potentials together with electrical osteogenesis are considered.

The possible role that the immediate denture plays in reducing the dimensional changes which normally follow tooth extraction is presented in the light of this knowledge.
Trends in dental caries: Australian adolescents
Authors: Spencer A. John
Published: May 2009

An investigation of trends in dental caries in the Australian adolescent population was possible through the development of a predictive model for caries severity. Past associations of predictor variables with caries severity were separated out from a wide range of ad hoc surveys, clinical trials, and analyses of service records. National trends in the identified predictor variables were then used to predict past and future caries severity for the Australian adolescent population. Caries severity marginally decreased between 1965 to 1970. Over the period 1970 to 1980 caries severity markedly decreased. Caries severity was predicted to continue to decrease over the period 1980 to 1990, but with evidence of a plateauing for younger adolescents by 1990. Marked increases in percentages of younger adolescents caries‐free between 1975 and 1990 were also predicted. The predictions appeared to be tracking adequately with subsequently available data.
A survey of dental health and attitudes of adults in Queensland with respect to denture wearing
Authors: Spratley M. H.
Published: May 2009

A postal survey was conducted in Queensland to investigate the dental health of adults with respect to denture wearing. The attitudes of the population to continuing attendance for dental care were also surveyed. Results obtained are compared with those for a very similar survey conducted in Victoria in 1977 and show that Queenslanders are exhibiting less edentulousness but have similar attitudes to denture wearing. The survey also indicates that cost is a large factor in determining the time at which dentures are replaced.
The management of unilateral impacted mandibular second and third molars
Authors: Loh Kai‐Woh
Published: May 2009

A case of impacted mandibular left second and third molars presented for management. The advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods are discussed. The case was treated by the use of a brass wire to upright the mandibular left second molar after the surgical removal of the mandibular left third molar.
A survey of removable partial denture prosthodontics: attitudes of dentists to treatment planning
Authors: Parker D. A. S. , Cheung N. H. , Richards L. C.
Published: May 2009

Information concerning the attitudes and practices of dentists in South Australia to the treatment planning phase of removable partial denture prosthodontics was determined following a postal survey. Generally, the concepts of practitioners were similar to those presently taught to undergraduate students in the University of Adelaide, but some disparities were noted.

Analysis of the results according to the decade in which respondents graduated revealed that those who graduated in the 1970s were more likely to place greater importance on the various concepts encompassed by the questionnaire than those who graduated in earlier decades. It is suggested that some attitudes of dentists who have practices in rural areas or who work in partnership/associateship‐type practices might be determined by inter‐professional relationships.
Unusual root formation in a premolar with dens evaginatus
Authors: Moule A. J. , Natkin E.
Published: May 2009

An unusual case of dens evaginatus is reported in which root formation was anomalous and incomplete. The possible aetiology of the anomaly is discussed and the treatment of teeth with dens evaginatus is reviewed.
Periodontal assessment using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, 1984
Authors: Sivaneswaran Shanti , Barnard P. D.
Published: May 2009

The periodontal status and treatment needs were determined for a consecutive sample of 200 subjects 15 years and over who presented at the Assessment and Diagnosis Department at the Westmead Hospital Dental Clinical School. A partial recording of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs using 10 index teeth for subjects 20 years and over and six index teeth for subjects under 20 years was used.

Periodontal disease prevalence was high (with 98 per cent affected) but in most subjects it was of mild to moderate severity. Advanced periodontal disease (pockets of 6 mm or more) was present in 15 per cent of the sample.

The major treatment requirement in all age groups was for simple periodontal care involving scaling and oral hygiene instruction that could be managed by non‐specialist dental resources.
Clinical evaluation of an electronic root canal measuring device
Authors: Abbott Paul V.
Published: May 2009

The working lengths in 85 root canals were determined by an electronic measuring device and compared with those radiographically determined. The results are presented and the limitations of the device discussed.
Multiple supernumerary teeth and possible implications
Authors: Acton Caroline H. C.
Published: May 2009

A case of an unusual number of supernumerary teeth is reported because patients who present with this symptom may be suffering from Gardner's syndrome or cleidocranial dysostosis.
The relationships between prevalence of caries, percentage with active caries, and caries severity
Authors: Spencer A. J. , Lewis J.
Published: May 2009

The specification of the relationships between prevalence of caries, percentage of children with active caries, and caries severity improves our understanding of the distribution and extent of caries as well as providing a method of predicting one from another. Using recent Australian data these relationships were investigated and specified. A catalytic equation best fitted the relationship between prevalence of caries and caries severity. A mixed‐multiplicative equation best fitted the relationship between percentage with active caries and caries severity. The specifications of these relationships appeared sensitive to changes in the distribution and extent of caries over time. However, the magnitude of the changes occurring differs between the three measures. This may have contributed to the late recognition of the changing pattern of caries and may have implications for the delivery of dental services.
Glass ionomer cement fissure sealants applied by operative dental auxiliaries — retention rate after one year
Authors: McKenna E. F. , Grundy G. E.
Published: May 2009

A glass ionomer cement was applied as a fissure sealant to 115 maxillary and 117 mandibular permanent molars. The operators were student school dental therapists working in normal training conditions. Retention rates (93 per cent complete retention after 6 months, and 82.5 per cent complete retention after 12 months) were comparable with those obtained with Bis‐GMA resin sealants in other studies.

Maxillary teeth accounted for 21 of the 35 teeth which lost sealant partly or completely. The linguo‐occlusal fissure of maxillary first permanent molars was the commonest site of sealant loss. Only 2 of the teeth which lost sealant were carious at the follow‐up assessments.
The use of 4 per cent sodium hypochlorite, with or without ultrasound, in cleansing of uninstrumented immature root canals; SEM study
Authors: Cameron Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2009

Barbed broaches were used to remove the intact pulp from freshly extracted, single rooted, human first bicuspid teeth with an immature apex. The efficiency of 4 per cent sodium hypochlorite in the removal of soft tissue and predentine from the root canal wall was assessed using the scanning electron microscope. Four per cent sodium hypochlorite was found to be an efficient protein solvent in these wide canals, and this efficiency was increased by using ultrasound to activate the sodium hypochlorite solution. After 3 minutes exposure to the 4 per cent sodium hypochlorite/ultrasound combination, the root canal surface was free from pulpal debris and predentine. The presence of calcospherites on the root canal wall indicated that the debridement had been achieved without the loss of any of the calcified root canal wall thickness.
The bond strength of incrementally placed composite resins
Authors: Chin Y. H. , Tyas M. J. , Goldman M.
Published: May 2009

The bond strength of the junction of various incremental combinations of four resin based restorative materials was tested. Rods of composite suitable for transverse strength testing were prepared in two parts; the first part of a mould was filled with composite and cured against a highly polished amalgam surface or in air. The second part of the mould was filled with composite and cured against the end of the first part composite. The prepared specimens were fractured employing three‐point loading in a mechanical testing machine.

When specimens consisting of two parts of the same material were joined, the bond strength was better when the first part was set in air. The strength of the bond between two different products was, in most cases, in the order of 55 per cent to 100 per cent of the transverse strength of the weaker of the pair. The bond strength depended on the nature of the surface of the first part of the specimens as well as the material combinations used. For all material combinations, a better bond was obtained if the two materials joined had similar curing systems.
Tooth wear and occlusal sounds. Comparative study of restorative and orthodontic indices. Preliminary report
Authors: Dettmar D. M. , Shaw R. M.
Published: May 2009

A comparative study of dental arch forms was conducted according to their manifestation of relative tooth wear and occlusal sounds. Thirty‐six subjects were grouped according to their dental treatment experience into one of five arch form categories. Significant differences in the severity of tooth wear were found between the five groups. Tooth sounds were also found to be related to the dental arch form, and thus dental treatment category.
Progressive systemic sclerosis – oro‐facial manifestations. Case report
Authors: Wardrop Robert W. , Heggie Andrew A. C.
Published: May 2009

Progressive systemic sclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by diffuse sclerosis of connective tissue. Cutaneous and visceral tissues may be involved and there are oro‐facial manifestations of which dental practitioners should be aware. Facial skin rigidity and microstomia are features of the disorder which may compromise effective oral hygiene practices and render routine dental treatment more difficult. Radiographically there may be widening of the periodontal ligament spaces and loss of mandibular bone associated with muscular attachments.

A case of scleroderma is presented which illustrates a typical presentation of the disease. The need for regular dental care in these patients is discussed.
Cavity design for Class IV composite resin restorations – a systematic approach
Authors: Darveniza M.
Published: May 2009

A definitive cavity design, without pins, that enhances retention and resistance form for simple and complex Class IV composite restorations is proposed. An extracted tooth model and diagrams illustrate the incisal step 45° bevel design for simple cavities and the incisal step veneer bevel design for complex cavities. A case report of a complex Class IV composite restoration is presented.
Clinical evaluation of rebonded acid‐etch retained bridges
Authors: Creugers N. H. J. , Snoek P. A. , Vrijhoef M. M. A.
Published: May 2009

Acid‐etch retained bridges are relatively easy to rebond after dislodgement. However, retention rates for rebonded bridges reported in other studies are conflicting. This study showed a significantly lower retention rate for rebonded bridges than for originally placed acid‐etch retained bridges. In most cases failure occurred as a cohesive fracture of the luting resin.
A comparison of five methods of root canal obturation by means of dye penetration
Authors: Gee John Yong
Published: May 2009

Root canals obturated by one of five methods were compared with respect to protection against dye penetration. A conventional lateral condensation technique using AH26 as sealer, while not significantly different from a technique employing a dentinal bonding agent (GLUMA) provided greatest protection. The use of dentinal bonding agents in conjunction with a suitable resin sealer and lateral condensation could result in a less permeable obturation.
A device for establishing the incisal level of registration rims
Authors: Chrystie John A.
Published: May 2009

A search of the literature has failed to locate concise methods for establishing the incisal level for full dentures or the freeway space. Very few devices provide mechanical assistance to simplify the trimming of registration rims. A device which facilitates these procedures is described.
Histological changes following transplantation of developing teeth to more advanced functional positions
Authors: Monsour F. N. T. , Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

Teeth with half the root formed were transplanted to alternative sites where they were more advanced in eruption and consequently exposed to physical stimulation. All of the teeth survived, continued to erupt and gradually acquired satisfactory stability. The principal histological features were intrapulpal ossification, abundant cellular cementum, formation of intrapulpal ligaments and production of strong apical support. Under physical stimulation, the dental tissues adapted to produce results which were aesthetically and functionally satisfactory.
The dental status of 15‐year‐old South Australian students
Authors: Srikandi Tjitjik W.
Published: May 2009

An exploratory study of the dental health and habits of 15‐year‐old students from different socioeconomic levels revealed a generally low prevalence of caries experience (DMFT 3.3). Shallow periodontal pockets were found in an average of 0.4 sextants among 19.5 per cent of students, but gingivitis, calculus and overhanging margins of restorations were very common. The highest treatment needs were for oral health education (97.6 per cent) and scaling (69.6 per cent). Socioeconomic level was associated with the dental visit pattern and dental status; this confirmed other studies that found that the lower socio‐economic groups were at a disadvantage. There were indications that some minority ethnic groups had higher caries experiences and lower dental service utilization.
Corrosion and artificial caries‐like lesions around amalgam restorations
Authors: Silva Margarita , Zimmerman B. F. , Weinberg R. , Sarkar N. K.
Published: May 2009

Corrosion of amalgam restorations may be a contributing factor in the development of secondary caries. Three commonly used alloys with different corrosion potentials were tested in vitro. The higher the corrosion resistance, the smaller was the artificial caries‐like lesion formed around the restoration.
Clinical evaluation of two materials for the bonding of composite resins to dentine: one‐year results
Authors: Tyas Martin J.
Published: May 2009

Non‐undercut Class V abrasion cavities were restored using either Creation Bond dentine bonding agent and Visar‐Fil composite resin (42 cavities), or Dentin Adhesit dentine bonding agent with Silux composite (42 cavities) or Heliosit composite (31 cavities). No enamel etching was carried out. The restorations were examined after approximately one month, three months, six months and one year.

The results showed a cumulative loss rate of Creative Bond/Visar‐Fil restorations of 55 per cent after one month, increasing to 96 per cent after one year. Comparative results were 52 per cent to 93 per cent for Adhesit/Silux restorations, and 23 per cent to 77 per cent for Adhesit/Heliosit restorations. Remaining restorations of all materials had varying degrees of marginal staining.
A survey of the gingival health of Indo‐Chinese child refugees. Part I
Authors: McAllan L. H.
Published: May 2009

The gingival health of 230 Indo‐Chinese children aged between five and twelve years was assessed after a period of resettlement in Australia ranging between one and eight years. In the preceding twelve months, all children had participated in at least one complete course of dental treatment which had included a prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction. Comparison with a group of Australian children of a similar socio‐economic rating revealed a higher prevalence of gingival bleeding on probing in refugee children of all ages. Sixty‐two per cent of the Indo‐Chinese children in the study group had eleven or more sites of gingival bleeding, as opposed to twenty‐four per cent of the control group who were similarly affected. The similar experience of plaque for the Indo‐Chinese and Australian children in the older age groups would indicate the adoption of some oral hygiene practices by the older refugee children. In contrast, the prevalence and severity of calculus formation seen in these children was far in excess of that seen in the Australian children. Subgingival calculus was a common clinical finding for Indo‐Chinese children of all ages.
X‐ray equipment used by general dental practitioners in Australia
Authors: Monsour P. A. , Kruger B. J. , Barnes A.
Published: May 2009

This paper summarizes information on X‐ray units currently in use by general dental practitioners in Australia: the type and number of machines; tube potential; timer type; length of cable between X‐ray unit and timer; type of cone; and frequency of inspection and servicing. Approximately 6 per cent of Australian dentists in general practice now have pantomograph units. Only 25 per cent of dentists have their X‐ray units serviced regularly, and inspection of X‐ray units by health authorities is very variable.
Clinical performance of three dentine bonding agents in Class V abrasion lesions without enamel etching
Authors: Tyas Martin J.
Published: May 2009

Seventy‐six Class V non‐undercut abrasion lesions were restored with composite and either Dentine Adhesive,† Bondlite,‡; or Dentin Bonding Agent,§ without enamel etching. Restorations were trimmed and polished after approximately three weeks, and evaluated for integrity and marginal staining. Recall evaluations were carried out at three months, six months and one year. The cumulative loss incidence at one year for Dentine Adhesive, Bondlite, and Dentin Bonding Agent was 83 per cent, 25 per cent, and 33 per cent, respectively. Restorations with Dentin Bonding Agent had the most severe marginal staining, while Bondlite restorations had least marginal staining.
Open mandibular condylotomy (osteotomy) with precision scaphoid staple osteosynthesis and meniscopexy. A description of the operation
Authors: Norman John E. de Burgh , Guthrie Phillip Bushell
Published: May 2009

The technical minutiae of the operation of open mandibular condylotomy and precision scaphoid staple osteosynthesis with meniscoplasty or meniscopexy is described and illustrated. The operation is regarded as an evolution of closed condylotomy described by Ward in 1961 and is indicated for those cases of severe and persistent temporomandibular joint pain and crepitus unresponsive to skilled conservative treatment over a reasonable time. The success of the procedure is probably the sequel of a partial denervation of the joint capsule associated with arthrotomy, the interruption of venous hypertension, the relocation of the mandibular condyle and enlargement of the joint space. The operation is also applicable to cases of active (and inactive) mandibular condylar hyperplasia wherein a condylar neck ostectomy and staple is used to ablate an active growth centre or correct a lesser degree of mandibular asymmetry.
The Brisbane Statistical Division Survey of Adult Dental Health 1984.
Authors: Powell R. N. , McEniery T. M.
Published: May 2009

Comparisons with surveys carried out in Australia and elsewhere indicate an improving dental health situation with a very much smaller proportion, particularly in younger age groups, losing all natural teeth, and with numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth reflecting the improvement already documented in schoolchildren. As with other recent studies, the proportion of subjects displaying generalized severe forms of periodontal disease was low. The single most important dental treatment need was the removal of calculus.
Ackerman's tumour (verrucous carcinoma) of the oral cavity: a clinico‐epidemiologic study of 426 cases
Authors: Rajendran R. , Varghese Ipe , Sugathan C. K. , MSc T. Vijayakumar
Published: May 2009

Four hundred and twenty‐six cases of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity were detected jointly by the Department of Oral Pathology, Dental College and Department of Pathology, Medical College, Trivandrum, during the period from January 1975 to December 1984. They constituted 5.27 per cent of 7988 primary malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity detected during the period. There were 276 men and 150 women with an average age of 67.5 years. The maximum incidence was noted in the sixth decade of life. The highest incidence was observed in the buccal mucosa, followed by tongue, alveolus, and lips. These patients had no associated malignancies but leukoplakia was observed consistently in all cases. All had chewing and/or smoking habits. Most of the patients were treated surgically. Twenty‐six patients reporting back with recurrence were given radiotherapy and followed for a period of 30 months. Among the 26, 18 patients showed recurrence at the local site. Surgery seems to be the treatment of choice for verrucous carcinoma. The aetiopathogenesis of the tumour is discussed.
A simple technique for localizing a broken dental needle in the pterygomandibular region
Authors: Ho K. H.
Published: May 2009

A simple technique to reproduce the radiographic position of a broken needle and that of the localizer is described. The ability to reproduce their positions repeatedly greatly facilitated the retrieval of the broken needle.
Bonding of a composite restorative material to etched glass ionomer cement*
Authors: Wexler G. , Beech D. R.
Published: May 2009

The tensile bond strengths of a composite restorative material to phosphoric acid etched restorative glass ionomer cement were examined as a function of cement brand, time after mixing at which etching was performed, thickness of film on enamel and dentine and extent of exposure to water during cement maturation.

Optimum bond strengths were obtained with mature cements isolated from water during maturation. Bond strengths were similar to or greater than tensile strengths of cements and many currently available dentine bonding agents for composites. Bonding to etched cement occurs by micromechanical interlocking and the zone of bond failure in tension was in the surface layer of the cement.
Clinicopathological presentations of oral Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS
Authors: Barrett Anthony P. , Bilous A. Michael , Buckley David J. , Kefford Richard F. , Packham Donald R.
Published: May 2009

A range of clinicopathological presentations of oral Kaposi's sarcoma are described in two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A predominantly ulcerative, non‐discoloured, early form of the neoplasm, which does not appear to have been reported previously, is described.
The restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Part 1. Treatment planning and restorative principles
Authors: Hunter Alan , Flood Andrew
Published: May 2009

This article reviews the basic principles surrounding the restoration of root filled teeth, and discusses the types of restoration considered suitable for this task. The importance of thorough treatment planning and attention to endodontics is emphasized, and guidelines are given as to the timing of follow‐up restorative treatment. The role of posts, pins, and other methods of achieving adequate core retention and tooth support are outlined through a review of the literature. The implications of the recent work ascribing a greater role to extra‐coronal restorations in maximizing tooth strength is also assessed, particularly as it relates to the fabrication of the substructure.
Resin bonded prostheses: clinical guidelines
Authors: Flood Andrew M.
Published: May 2009

Guidelines for the successful use of resin bonded bridges are presented. The importance of sound case selection cannot be overemphasized. Other factors that influence the clinical success of resin bonded bridges include preparation design, choice of metal, surface preparation of metal, and the need to respect the sensitivity of the etched alloy surface of the Maryland bridge before and at the cementation stage.
Fusion of maxillary third and supernumerary fourth molars. Case report
Authors: Hou Guey‐Lin , Tsai Chi‐Cheng
Published: May 2009

Fusion of teeth is most commonly reported in the deciduous dentition, particularly in the anterior teeth. Recently, additional cases of fusion have also been reported in the mandibular molars of the permanent dentition, and are not considered uncommon. However, reports of the involvement of maxillary molars appear to be particularly rare in the literature. This case is another example of the quite rare phenomenon of fusion of maxillary third and supernumerary fourth molars.
A migratory abscess pointing intraorally and extraorally. Case report
Authors: Ho K. H.
Published: May 2009

A case of migratory abscess pointing both intraorally and extraorally at a considerable distance from the causative site is reported. The anatomy of the area leading to the formation of such an abscess is described.
Silicone‐induced foreign‐body reaction after temporomandibular joint arthroplasty. Case report
Authors: Acton Caroline , Hoffman Gary , McKenna Harry , Moloney Frank
Published: May 2009

Dacron‐reinforced Silastic sheets were removed from two patients who had previously undergone surgery for internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. Excised tissue from around the joints was submitted for histological analysis, revealing a diagnosis of detritus synovitis. The significance of these findings with respect to the insertion of foreign material into the jaw joint is discussed in the light of recent research.
A laboratory study of the effect of thermocycling in saline and artificial saliva on two dentine bonding agents
Authors: Pokarier M. , Gage J. P.
Published: May 2009

Thermocycling of composite resins in saline and artificial saliva was carried out in order to determine the effect of these solutions on the bonding of Lumifor/Gluma and Valux/Scotchbond to dentine and enamel. Minimal Class V cavities were prepared in extracted human teeth and restored with light‐cured composite resins, following each manufacturer's instructions. The restored teeth were subjected to 500 cycles at temperatures ranging between 5°C and 45°C. One group was thermocycled in saline, the other in artificial saliva. The resultant marginal gaps were stained and evaluated microscopically. No difference was found between the respective composite resins. However, significantly more gaps were present in those restorations thermocycled in saline.
Microwave irradiation as a form of fixation for dental pulp
Authors: Monsour P. A. , Harbrow D. J. , Little G. J.
Published: May 2009

This study investigated developments in microwave energy fixation and the general applicability of microwave fixation to studies of dental pulp. Rat mandibles with incisors were dissected out and immersed in various solutions before and after exposure to microwave energy. Histological examination showed no combination with microwave fixation to be equal in quality to control tissues fixed in formalin. Inferior but satisfactory results could be achieved by immersion of tissues in formalin after microwave irradiation, a step thought to protect the microwave fixed tissue from subsequent damage caused by decalcification. Good fixation of tissues outside the pulp was achieved using microwave energy. Further investigation is required to perfect microwave fixation of pulpal tissue.
A clinical evaluation of two methods of caries prevention in newly‐erupted first permanent molars
Authors: Green Eleonore
Published: May 2009

A two‐stage topical treatment regime, AgF followed by SnF2, was used as a caries preventive measure in newly‐erupted first permanent molars in a group of children. Another group of children, from similar geographic and socio‐economic backgrounds was treated by a one stage topical application of SnF2 only. The teeth treated were observed at six‐monthly intervals for a period of 18 months, and showed a significantly higher incidence of caries developing when treated with SnF2 only.
Tricalcium phosphate ceramic as immediate root implants for the maintenance of alveolar bone in partially edentulous mandibular jaws. A clinical study
Authors: Mathai Joseph K. , Chandra Suresh , Nair K. V. , Nambiar K. K. Srinivasan
Published: May 2009

This study was undertaken to probe the efficacy of tricalcium phosphate ceramic (TCP) as an immediate root implant in the maintenance of alveolar bone. Three patients had five TCP root implants placed in fresh extraction sockets with soft tissue closure. The control and implant areas were evaluated at the 20th and 78th week on the basis of radiographic and clinical measurements. Tricalcium phosphate ceramic root implants in extraction sockets produced a significant increase in height and width of alveolar bone compared with control sites. It is believed that this method is a more effective and efficient procedure to preserve alveolar bone for the retention of dentures than other methods.
Mechanisms of disc displacement in the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Gage J. P.
Published: May 2009

The sign of ‘clicking’ in the temporomandibular joint is not a normal phenomenon. It is, in fact, often the first indication of potential myofascial pain or temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome and as such should be detected early and diagnosed correctly. Clicking is a cardinal sign of altered function within the joint, the aetiology for which can only be diagnosed from a sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology. With this background it is possible to ascertain whether the cause is essentially biochemical, neuromuscular, or occlusal in nature or multifactorial components of all three categories. An attempt has been made to provide background knowledge in order that a correct diagnosis can be made.
Denture soft lining materials: clinical indications
Authors: Mack Peter John
Published: May 2009

The success or failure of a soft lining in a denture is dependent not only upon the physical properties of the material employed, but also on an understanding of the intended function of this group of products, and the physiological and biological properties of the resilient oral tissues upon which the denture rests.

This paper identifies the clinical factors that must be reviewed in order to assess the need for and likely success of a denture soft lining material.
A photographic study of enamel defects among South Australian school children
Authors: Dooland M. B. , Wylie A.
Published: May 2009

Colour photographs were taken of the anterior teeth of 1757 consenting 8–9 year old primary school children in fluoridated and non‐fluoridated areas of South Australia. Children with a lifelong exposure to fluoridated water were significantly more likely to have blemished permanent incisor teeth than the children who had never resided in a fluoridated area. Children who resided in a non‐fluoridated area but had taken fluoride supplements at some stage in their first five years had a prevalence of enamel blemishes equivalent to those of children in fluoridated areas of the State.
A survey of the pattern of private general dental practice in Queensland
Authors: Spratley M. H. , Coyne L. N.
Published: May 2009

All non‐specialist ADA member private practitioners in Queensland were invited to participate in a survey to determine the number of the various types of permanent restorations placed in one week and the percentage breakdown of the time they devoted to the various areas of dentistry. Final year dentistry students at the University of Queensland were asked to estimate the projected breakdown of their time in future practice.

Results showed that amalgam is still by far the most commonly used material followed by composite resin and glass ionomer cement and that restorative dentistry accounts for the bulk of the practitioners' time. Students' estimations of the work mix were in agreement with those of the practitioners.
The teaching of dento‐maxillo‐facial radiology in Australian dental schools*
Authors: Keur J. J. , Barrett A.P. , Bower R. C. , Lilienthal B. , Macdonald R. , Monsour P. A. , Waters B.
Published: May 2009

The skills necessary to successfully perform radiological procedures in general dental practice are described and should be used as criteria when developing an effective undergraduate curriculum and as determinants of the contents of continuing education programmes. The present status of undergraduate curricula, continuing education, and postgraduate programmes as well as the recognition of the specialized nature of dento‐maxillo‐facial radiology, are discussed and recommendations for future developments are made.
The relationship between microbiological assays and the clinical signs of periodontal disease
Authors: Newcomb G. M. , Nixon K. C.
Published: May 2009

Ninety‐five patients with periodontal disease each had subgingival plaque samples collected from four sites (one from each quadrant) in their mouths. The relative proportions of spirochaetes, motile rods and cocci were determined using dark field microscopy and the proportion of anaerobic to aerobic microorganisms calculated after culture. In addition, clinical recordings were made.

The only significant correlations observed were between probing depth or attachment loss and the proportion of cocci in the plaque (negative association), probing depth or attachment loss and sites which were suppurating or displayed a radiolucent interdental crest (positive association), and the percentage of cocci and sites with a radiolucent interdental crest (negative association). Partial correlation analysis controlling for probing depth or attachment loss showed that a significant inverse association between the percentages of cocci and the presence of a radiolucent interdental crest remained. No significant associations were observed between clinical signs such as bleeding on probing or suppuration and the microbiological assays. Overall there was a poor correlation between many of the signs thought by some to indicate periodontal disease activity.
Teeth in cross‐bite: the role of removable appliances
Authors: Jacobs Stanley G.
Published: May 2009

The role of removable appliances with springs for the treatment of teeth in anterior and posterior cross‐bite is discussed. The indications for their use (that is, case selection), and their manipulation are examined. Cases are presented where removable appliances are the appliances of choice in the first stage of the correction of a posterior cross‐bite, the final treatment being completed with fixed appliances. The ease of correcting and retaining various maxillary teeth which may be in cross‐bite is discussed.
Discriminant function analysis of clinical and psychological variables in temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction
Authors: Gerke D. C. , Richards L. C. , Goss A. N.
Published: May 2009

Detailed clinical, psychological and illness behaviour information was obtained from 43 patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction. A discriminant function analysis was performed on the multiple variables to test their effectiveness as predictors of a successful response to simple conservative therapy. The questionnaire and statistical methodology employed are described in detail. It was found that clinical, psychological, and illness behaviour factors when used alone were poor predictors (less than 60 per cent) of treatment outcome. However, grouping clinical and psychological factors resulted in over 80 per cent successful prediction.
Clinical evaluation of six composite resins in posterior teeth
Authors: Tyas M. J. , Truong V. T. , Goldman M. , Beech D. R.
Published: May 2009

Six different composite resin restorative materials were placed in posterior Class I and Class II cavities and evaluated at one and two years after placement for colour, marginal discoloration, and wear. Wear was determined by comparison with standard models and by SEM. All materials darkened over the study period but remained an acceptable match. Marginal discoloration increased. The trend of relative wear was in accordance with predictions from fracture mechanics. Insufficient restorations in one material were available at two years for it to be included in the results. The microfine materials used in this study suffered surface damage (microchipping) in high stress areas, again consistent with fracture mechanics predictions.
The anatomic relationship of the insertion of the superior lateral pterygoid muscle to the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint of human cadavers
Authors: Wilkinson Tom , Chan Eugene K. K.
Published: May 2009

Confusion has existed as to whether the major insertion of the superior lateral pterygoid muscle is into the articular disc or the condyle. Five human cadaver joints were studied under the dissecting microscope. This allowed superior lateral pterygoid fibres to be selectively placed under tension to determine their point of insertion and to examine the integrity of the anterior joint capsule. All superior lateral pterygoid fibres gained either direct or indirect insertion to the condyle. A classification for the variation in insertion is suggested. The fibres of the anterior joint capsule extended from the anterior rim of the condyle to the roof of the infratemporal fossa but under the foot of the disc they blended with and became indistinguishable from disc fibres.
The etched metal/composite resin interface
Authors: Flood Andrew M. , Brockhurst Peter , Harcourt John K.
Published: May 2009

This study examined the interface between composite resin and two electrolytically etched alloys using different etching times. A new technique allowed this interface to be tested under both tensile and shear loading. The resultant surface morphology of the etched metal was also examined.

There was a very large difference in the bond strengths and surface morphologies between the alloys. The bond strength results indicate the sensitivity of this interface to alterations in etching time, and this is also shown in the resultant surface morphology. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed and clinical recommendations made.
Multiple odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws
Authors: Yeo J. F. , Loh F. C.
Published: May 2009

Single odontogenic cysts are very well documented in the literature. Of those less common reports concerning multiple jaw cysts, many have been associated with systemic conditions or syndromes such as Gorlin‐Goltz or basal cell naevus syndrome, Hunter's syndrome and mucopolysaccharidosis, for example, Maroteaux‐Lamy syndrome. A case of multiple odontogenic keratocysts unassociated with any syndrome is reported so as to add to the growing number of such cases in the literature. The possibility of this case being a partial expression of the Gorlin‐Goltz syndrome is discussed.
Current concepts of periodontal maintenance
Authors: Bower Robert C.
Published: May 2009

Changing concepts and a more complete understanding of the aetiology of chronic marginal periodontitis allow a more rational approach to the treatment of patients with periodontal diseases. A sequence of treatment steps of increasing complexity is presented for the prevention of recurrence of chronic marginal periodontitis during the maintenance phase of treatment.