bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Routes to 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyrimidines: An Overview and Recent Advances
Authors: Bhattacharyya Aditya
Published: October 2019

Partially reduced heterocyclic compounds such as 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines
are often found to possess interesting pharmacological properties. Yet, the synthetic
routes towards such systems are less developed than their fully aromatic counterparts.
In this review article, the biological significance of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines is
discussed and the existing literature reports describing various preparative routes to access
1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives have been categorically described. The focus has
been expanded to present an overview of the chronological development of the traditional
synthetic routes as well as the contemporary approaches to 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines
that generally include: (i) condensation reactions of diamines with various
appropriate counterparts such as carbonyl compounds, imino ethers, amidines or nitriles,
condensation of amidines with 1,3-dibromopropane and α,β-unstaurated carbonyl compounds, condensation of
amino alcohols; (ii) selective reduction of pyrimidines; (iii) ring expansion chemistry of cyclopropanes, aziridines,
and azetidines; and (iv) miscellaneous examples such as various multicomponent reactions.
Withdrawal Notice: Renoprotective Effect of Curcumin Labelled on Mesoscale Nanoparticles (MNPs) in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (RIRI) via the miR-146a/nNOS/NO/cGMP/PKG Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ni Wenjuan , Yu Songlin , Li Fanshu , Zhu Jiazhen , Chen Ziwei , Li Shujuan , Hou Shanshan , Liu Fuhe
Published: October 2019

The article has been withdrawn by the Editorial office of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, due to some
inconsistencies in the figures provided by the first author that have come to light, and after a thorough investigation we would
like to withdraw this paper.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Gender-Dependent Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Obesity and Hypercholesterolemia (LDLC) in Adults
Authors: Almesri Norah , Das Nagalla S. , Ali Muhallab E. , Gumaa Khalid , Giha Hayder A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Obesity, dyslipidemia and vitamin D deficiency are growing health problems
in the Arabian Gulf region. Their association with each other is yet to be clarified.

Methods:

Three-hundred and fourteen Bahraini adults, 164 males and 150 females comparable in median
age (34.5 vs. 31.0 yrs), body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity were recruited. The plasma level of
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay and lipid profile
parameters were measured by an automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Based on BMI, study subjects
were grouped into underweight, normal, overweight, moderate obesity, and severe obesity subjects.

Results:

The results revealed an extremely high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (79.9%) and insufficiency
(18.8%). The predictors of low 25OHD3 levels were female gender, small age, conservative
dressing, least exposure to sunlight, and less fish intake. In all subjects, the lowest 25OHD3 level was
seen in underweight and severe obesity groups. Furthermore, the 25OHD3 level was significantly
higher in males as compared to females and it was positively correlated with the age. However, detailed
analysis showed that overweight males unlike females had the highest 25OHD3 levels which
were significantly higher than in the severely obese males. While the lipid profile parameters were
positively correlated with BMI, the total and LDL cholesterols were negatively correlated with the
levels of 25OHD3 in males.

Conclusions:

Vitamin D deficiency was associated with both severely obese and underweight subjects,
in the former it was likely to be institutional while in the latter it was likely to be nutritional. Furthermore,
hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C) was associated with 25OHD3 sub-normality. Further analysis
revealed that the significant associations were gender-dependent.
LITERALIDADE COMO METÁFORA E EQUIDADE COMO MILAGRE: UM OLHAR SOBRE A OPOSIÇÃO ENTRE NORMATIVISMO E DECISIONISMO
Authors: Beltrão Igor Castro , Castro Torquato Junior
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo trazer uma reflexão em torno da posição do julgador enquanto autor de um texto, a decisão jurídica. Posição esta que limita a sua liberdade de dizer, na decisão, o que quiser, diante do compromisso que deve guardar com o Estado de Direito; discorre acerca dessas implicações a partir dos lugares da legalidade e da literalidade no direito positivo derivados da normatividade kelseniana em contraste com o decisionismo schmittiano, enfatizando o elemento decisionista de toda decisão; aborda a problemática da decisão jurídica como potencialmente arbitrária e a retórica como sustentação de uma crença em torno da literalidade, mesmo diante de decisões que podem ser interpretadas como contra legem, utilizando o argumento da equidade como base.
SHIFTING THE LEGAL BORDERLANDS OF RULE OF LAW PROGRAMS - BRAZILIAN COOPERATION AGENCY (ABC) AND PUBLIC DEFENDERS’ OFFICE IN EAST TIMOR
Authors: Shaila Sapna Reheem
Published: October 2019

In this paper the author argues that the traditional international legal assistance (coined ‘rule of law’ assistance) follows a global template- sourced on the legal orders of countries that constitute the Global North.  Under the rule of law (RoL) programs - legal procedures and institutions that are same as the donor nations are transferred to the recipient nations.  This is because formal laws and institutions are seen as fundamental for economic prosperity and stability, and ‘copy-pasted’ as solutions separated from contexts. But in recent years with the emergence of non-traditional donors under the ‘South- South’ cooperation, following an approach of ‘mutual cooperation’ has challenged the traditional mode of international assistance on the RoL.  These countries accommodate the existence of legal pluralism, as well as adopt a slower and prolonged approach by building networks with local stakeholders drawing on their post-colonial and development trajectories. Using the case study of Brazilian legal assistance through the ABC in East Timor within the Public Defenders’ Office, the author shows how non-traditional international donors has subverted the traditional model of ‘rule of law’ assistance. This paper bridges the gap between the scholarship on the South - South cooperation within development studies and the legal scholarship on law and development focusing on the rule of law reforms. Using empirical data, the paper demonstrates the distinctive approaches undertaken by the Brazilian international actors within East Timor by underlining how dominant rule of law reforms push crucial local interests to the borders/peripheries. Further, this paper poses questions on the universality of the rule of law reforms advocated by traditional donors by demonstrating the emergence of peripheral interests from the engagement of donors from the Global South.
AQUISIÇÃO E TITULARIDADE DAS COISAS VAGAS: TRATAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO E O PAPEL INSTITUCIONAL DA ADVOCACIA PÚBLICA
Authors: Bucar Daniel , Pires Caio Ribeiro
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho investiga o tratamento concedido pelo direito brasileiro às coisas vagas, cuja titularidade deixa de pertencer a particular e se transfere ao patrimônio do Município. Inicialmente busca-se expor o fundamento da destinação dos bens vacantes para a municipalidade, além de serem apresentados os distintos regimes sob os quais esta aquisição de propriedade ocorre. Diante deste panorama, constata-se uma estrutura semelhante de arrecadação de bens ou patrimônios, que precede a incorporação ao patrimônio municipal após determinado lapso temporal. Neste sentido, realizam-se também algumas observações referentes ao papel da Advocacia Pública municipal nos momentos de arrecadação e aquisição dos bens. Assim, destaca-se o correto manejo de ferramentas jurídicas, típicas de direito civil, a fim de adquirir bens móveis não titularizados de valor expressivo e questiona-se também a noção, teórica, de titularidade compulsória do Município quando concretizada a vacância. A partir deste recorte propõe-se expediente institucional de análise na aquisição de coisas vagas. Desta forma impede-se o Município de adquirir bens que gerem a atração de um passivo que inutiliza os ganhos originados da entrada de ativo no patrimônio público.
O PAPEL DA PROCURADORIA-GERAL FEDERAL NA REGULAÇÃO EXERCIDA PELAS AGÊNCIAS REGULADORAS
Authors: Caldas Evandro
Published: October 2019

O controle da juridicidade da regulação efetivada por meio da Advocacia-Geral da União, mais especificamente pela Procuradoria-Geral Federal, ainda é pouco debatido no Brasil, embora todos os atos normativos elaborados pelas agências sejam objeto de controle da juridicidade pelos membros dessa instituição. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar como se dá a atuação dos Procuradores Federais nesses casos e verificar o papel da PGF na relação institucional com as agências reguladoras.
REPRESENTAÇÃO DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DAS LEIS MUNICIPAIS
Authors: Tostes André
Published: October 2019

A Procuradoria Geral do Município do Rio de Janeiro desenvolveu rica experiência na produção de processos de representação de inconstitucionalidade de leis municipais, inclusive da sua Lei Orgânica, e de leis estaduais em face da Constituição do Estado do Rio de Janeiro ao longo dos últimos 30 anos. Essa notável experiência dotou a PGM, instituição essencial à Justiça e ao Direito no âmbito comunitário, de um conhecimento que a capacita a compor um marco orientador do processo e do procedimento dessa demanda especialíssima.  Representação de inconstitucionalidade constitui processo de caráter objetivo, que não tem partes, cuja causa de pedir é aberta, que não admite desistência, que permite e até deseja a participação ativa de atores sociais especializados. A representação incide também sobre normas de conteúdo relativamente concreto e a coisa julgada da sua decisão vincula os poderes judiciário e administrativo e pode ter os respectivos efeitos modulados no tempo. A complexidade de uma demanda controle de constitucionalidade de leis municipais carecia de uma visão processual e procedimental que articulasse sua disciplina legal, basicamente as disposições do Regimento Interno do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e determinados dispositivos da Lei Federal 9.868, de 10 de novembro de 1999, que dispõe sobre o processo e julgamento da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade e da ação declaratória de constitucionalidade perante o Supremo Tribunal Federal, com as construções da jurisprudência, tanto do Tribunal Fluminense quanto da Suprema Corte. Este artigo espera cumprir com o objetivo de apresentar o referido marco orientador.
O FETICHE DO CHAMAMENTO PÚBLICO NOS ACORDOS DE COOPERAÇÃO DA LEI Nº 13.019/2014
Authors: Portella Marcus Vinicius de Albuquerque , Sabença Thiago Zachariades
Published: October 2019

A Lei nº 13.019/2014 foi editada para conferir maior segurança jurídica e transparência à relação de parceria entre a Administração Pública e as organizações da sociedade civil em regime de mútua cooperação. Trata-se de legislação nacional, que vincula todas as esferas federativas, e estabelece três novas espécies de parcerias “público-privadas” – o termo de colaboração, o termo de fomento e o acordo de cooperação. Neste artigo, nos dedicaremos ao instrumento não oneroso representado pelo acordo de cooperação, mais especificamente quanto à exigência ou não de realização de prévio chamamento público para a sua celebração, com enfoque não apenas na legislação mencionada, mas também nos princípios reitores da Administração Pública. Trata-se de tema candente na prática administrativa, que demanda uma precisa atuação da advocacia pública de forma a dirimir as dúvidas e receios dos gestores públicos, que tem se mostrado constantemente inseguros em celebrar acordos de cooperação de forma direta, sem prévia chamada pública, mesmo que, em regra, a legislação assim permita e a eficiência recomende.
The Relationships between the Soviet Union and the Turkey (1920-1930) and its impact on the Kurdish issue
Authors: Mustafa Aram Ali
Published: October 2019

Relations between Russia and Turkey have gone through five centuries at different stages, sometimes in difficult wars and conflicts, sometimes in harmony and good relations. However, conditions changed in the eighteenth century, when the Ottoman Empire was weakened and disintegrated. Russia played an important role in cutting down parts of the Caucasus and Central Asia, as well as in reducing the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire, which was considered a great nation for centuries.

At the end of the First World War, after the victory of the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, Russian troops withdrew from the war fronts. The Bolshevik government exposed the secret clauses of the Sykes-Picot Agreement and concluded the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, with the Quadruple Alliance, led by Germany and the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman Empire, like its German ally, took advantage of the withdrawal of Russian troops from the war fronts. In contrast to the agreement, attacks were launched on the Caucasus regions controlled by Russian Russia. However, following the emergence of the Turkish National Movement, led by Mustafa Kemal and the signing of the Sevre Treaty and there were changes in the war fronts, as in the political arena. Russia, which became Soviet Russia at that time, found a new friend and ally, which had common interests with Soviet Russia, against the Ottoman Empire, on the one hand, and Britain and France on the other. Both countries have benefited from this friendship and alliance.

But at a time when the Kurds, especially in the Ottoman Kurdistan, had a chance to move towards achieving their goals and national rights, and at least making some progress in accordance with the provisions of the Sovereign Convention on the Rights of the Kurds. As the first country to recognize and establish diplomatic relations with Turkey with the help of the Kemalist Movement in various ways, Russia, as well as economic, industrial and mining assistance, became a great supporter of Turkey in international and diplomatic forums.

All this, along with many other factors, helped the Republic of Turkey stand on its own feet. When the revolutions and movements against the injustice and tyranny of the Turks occurred in Northern Kurdistan in the 1920s and 1930s, Soviet Russia sided with all possible means, military and political, as well as the Turkish Republic. Which brutally suppressed these uprisings and every move of a Kurdish nationalist nature.
Understanding Nursing Workflow for Inpatient Education Delivery: Time and Motion Study
Authors: Baker Kelley M , Magee Michelle F , Smith Kelly M
Published: October 2019

Background

Diabetes self-management education and support improves diabetes-related outcomes, but many persons living with diabetes do not receive this. Adults with diabetes have high hospitalization rates, so hospital stays may present an opportunity for diabetes education. Nurses, supported by patient care technicians, are typically responsible for delivering patient education but often do not have time. Using technology to support education delivery in the hospital is one potentially important solution.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate nurse and patient care technician workflow to identify opportunities for providing education. The results informed implementation of a diabetes education program on a tablet computer in the hospital setting within existing nursing workflow with existing staff.

Methods

We conducted a time and motion study of nurses and patient care technicians on three medical-surgical units of a large urban tertiary care hospital. Five trained observers conducted observations in 2-hour blocks. During each observation, a single observer observed a single nurse or patient care technician and recorded the tasks, locations, and their durations using a Web-based time and motion data collection tool. Percentage of time spent on a task and in a location and mean duration of task and location sessions were calculated. In addition, the number of tasks and locations per hour, number of patient rooms visited per hour, and mean time between visits to a given patient room were determined.

Results

Nurses spent approximately one-third of their time in direct patient care and much of their time (60%) on the unit but not in a patient room. Compared with nurses, patient care technicians spent a significantly greater percentage of time in direct patient care (42%; P=.001). Nurses averaged 16.2 tasks per hour, while patient care technicians averaged 18.2. The mean length of a direct patient care session was 3:42 minutes for nurses and 3:02 minutes for patient care technicians. For nurses, 56% of task durations were 2 minutes or less, and 38% were one minute or less. For patient care technicians, 62% were 2 minutes or less, and 44% were 1 minute or less. Nurses visited 5.3 and patient care technicians 9.4 patient rooms per hour. The mean time between visits to a given room was 37:15 minutes for nurses and 33:28 minutes for patient care technicians.

Conclusions

The workflow of nurses and patient care technicians, constantly in and out of patient rooms, suggests an opportunity for delivering a tablet to the patient bedside. The average time between visits to a given room is consistent with bringing the tablet to a patient in one visit and retrieving it at the next. However, the relatively short duration of direct patient care sessions could potentially limit the ability of nurses and patient care technicians to spend much time with each patient on instruction in the technology platform or the content.
Digital Health and Inequalities in Access to Health Services in Bangladesh: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Rizvi Syed Jafar Raza , Rasheed Sabrina , Iqbal Mohammad , Bhuiya Abbas , Standing Hilary , Bloom Gerald , Waldman Linda
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Globally, the rapid growth of technology and its use as a development solution has generated much interest in digital health. In line with global trends, Bangladesh is also integrating technology into its health system to address disparities. Strong political endorsement and uptake of digital platforms by the government has influenced the rapid proliferation of such initiatives in the country. This paper aims to examine the implications of digital health on access to health care in Bangladesh, considering who uses electronic devices to access health information and services and why.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand how access to health care and related information through electronic means (digital health) is affected by sociodemographic determinants (ie, age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and personal and household ownership of mobile phones) in a semiurban community in Bangladesh.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey of 854 households (between October 2013 and February 2014) and 20 focus group discussions (between February 2017 and March 2017) were conducted to understand (1) who owns electronic devices; (2) who, among the owners, uses these to access health information and services and why; (3) the awareness of electronic sources of health information; and (4) the role of intermediaries (family members or peers who helped to look for health information using electronic devices).

RESULTS

A total of 90.3% (771/854) of households (471/854, 55.2% of respondents) owned electronic devices, mostly mobile phones. Among these, 7.2% (34/471) used them to access health information or services. Middle-aged (35-54 years), female, less (or not) educated, and poorer people used these devices the least (α=.05, α is the level of significance). The lack of awareness, discomfort, differences with regular care-seeking habits, lack of understanding and skills, and proximity to a health facility were the main reasons for not using devices to access digital health.

CONCLUSIONS

Although influenced by sociodemographic traits, access to digital health is not merely related to device ownership and technical skill. Rather, it is a combination of general health literacy, phone ownership, material resources, and technical skill as well as social recognition of health needs and inequity. This study’s findings should serve as a basis for better integrating technology within the health system and ensuring equitable access to health care.
Premature or Small for Gestational Age Discrimination: International Multicenter Trial Protocol for Classification of the Low-Birth-Weight Newborn Through the Optical Properties of the Skin (Preprint)
Authors: Reis Zilma , Vitral Gabriela , Guimarães Rodney , Gaspar Juliano , Colosimo Enrico , Taunde Sergio , Mussagy Nilza , Rosado Santos Rita , Ayres-De-Campos Diogo , Romanelli Roberta
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

A low birth weight is an independent risk factor for adverse infant outcomes and a predictor of chronic disease in adulthood. In these situations, differentiating between prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) or simultaneous conditions is essential to ensuring adequate care. Such diagnoses, however, depend on reliable pregnancy dating, which can be challenging in developing countries. A new medical optoelectronic device was developed to estimate gestational age (GA) at birth based on newborn skin reflection.

OBJECTIVE

This study will aim to evaluate the device’s ability to detect prematurity or SGA, or both conditions simultaneously as well as predict short-term pulmonary complications in a cohort of low-birth-weight newborns.

METHODS

This study protocol was designed for a multicenter cohort including referral hospitals in Brazil and Mozambique. Newborns weighing 500-2500 g will be eligible for inclusion with the best GA available, considering the limited resources of low-income countries. Comparator-GA is based on reliable last menstrual period dating or ultrasound assessment before 24 weeks’ gestation. Estimated GA at birth (Test-GA) will be calculated by applying a novel optoelectronic device to the newborn’s skin over the sole. The average difference between Test-GA and Comparator-GA will be analyzed, as will the percentage of newborns who are correctly diagnosed as preterm or SGA. In addition, in a nested case–control study, the accuracy of skin reflection in the prediction of prematurity-related respiratory problems will be evaluated. The estimated required sample size is 298 newborns.

RESULTS

Teams of health professionals were trained, and standard operating procedures were developed following the good practice guidelines for the clinical investigation of medical devices for human participants. The first recruitment started in March 2019 in Brazil. Data collection is planned to end in December 2020, and the results should be available in March 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this clinical study have the potential to validate a new device to easily assess postnatal GA, supporting SGA identification when pregnancy dating is unreliable or unknown.

CLINICALTRIAL

ReBec: RBR-33rnjf; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-33rnjf/

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16477
Engaging Patients and Professionals to Evaluate the Seriousness of Maternal and Child Health Outcomes: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M , Khodyakov Dmitry , Himes Katherine P , Burke Jessica G , Parisi Sara , Hutcheon Jennifer A
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Maternal weight gain during pregnancy is one of the few potentially modifiable risk factors for many adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Defining the optimal pregnancy weight gain range is difficult because, while lower weight gain may prevent some outcomes, such as maternal and child obesity, it may increase the risk of others such as fetal growth restriction and infant death. These health outcomes vary in their seriousness to mothers and their health care providers, and these differences in seriousness should be taken into account when determining optimal weight gain ranges. However, the relative seriousness that women and their care providers place on different health outcomes is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

We will determine the seriousness of 11 maternal and child health outcomes that have been consistently associated with pregnancy weight gain. We will achieve this by engaging patients and maternal and child health professionals using an online modified Delphi panel process.

METHODS

We aim to recruit a racially/ethnically and geographically diverse group of 90 US maternal and child health professionals and 90 women who are pregnant or less than 2 years postpartum. We will conduct 3 concurrent panels using the ExpertLens system, a previously evaluated online modified Delphi system that combines 2 rounds of rating with 1 round of feedback and moderated online discussion. In Round 1, panelists are asked to rate the seriousness of each health outcome on a scale of 0-100 and to provide a rationale for their scores. In Round 2, panelists will review their responses relative to those of other panelists. They will discuss their seriousness ratings anonymously using a moderated online discussion board. In Round 3, participants will revise their Round 1 responses based on group feedback and discussion. Each round will be open for 1-2 weeks.

RESULTS

The study protocol was reviewed by our ethics boards and did not require approval as human research. A pilot study of 6 professionals and 7 patients was completed in December 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Our numeric estimates of the seriousness of maternal and child health outcomes will enable future studies to determine pregnancy weight gain ranges that balance the risks of low and high weight gain for mothers and children.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16478
The Model of Gamification Principles for Digital Health Interventions: Evaluation of Validity and Potential Utility (Preprint)
Authors: Floryan Mark , Chow Philip I , Schueller Stephen M , Ritterband Lee M
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Although gamification continues to be a popular approach to increase engagement, motivation, and adherence to behavioral interventions, empirical studies have rarely focused on this topic. There is a need to empirically evaluate gamification models to increase the understanding of how to integrate gamification into interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The model of gamification principles for digital health interventions proposes a set of five independent yet interrelated gamification principles. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of this model to inform its use in Web- and mobile-based apps.

METHODS

A total of 17 digital health interventions were selected from a curated website of mobile- and Web-based apps (PsyberGuide), which makes independent and unbiased ratings on various metrics. A total of 133 independent raters trained in gamification evaluation techniques were instructed to evaluate the apps and rate the degree to which gamification principles are present. Multiple ratings (n≥20) were collected for each of the five gamification principles within each app. Existing measures, including the PsyberGuide credibility score, mobile app rating scale (MARS), and the app store rating of each app were collected, and their relationship with the gamification principle scores was investigated.

RESULTS

Apps varied widely in the degree of gamification implemented (ie, the mean gamification rating ranged from 0.17≤m≤4.65 out of 5). Inter-rater reliability of gamification scores for each app was acceptable (κ≥0.5). There was no significant correlation between any of the five gamification principles and the PsyberGuide credibility score (P≥.49 in all cases). Three gamification principles (supporting player archetypes, feedback, and visibility) were significantly correlated with the MARS score, whereas three principles (meaningful purpose, meaningful choice, and supporting player archetypes) were significantly correlated with the app store rating. One gamification principle was statistically significant with both the MARS and the app store rating (supporting player archetypes).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the results support the validity and potential utility of the model of gamification principles for digital health interventions. As expected, there was some overlap between several gamification principles and existing app measures (eg, MARS). However, the results indicate that the gamification principles are not redundant with existing measures and highlight the potential utility of a 5-factor gamification model structure in digital behavioral health interventions. These gamification principles may be used to improve user experience and enhance engagement with digital health programs.
Text Message Interventions in Adolescent Mental Health and Addiction Services: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: MacDougall Sarah , Jerrott Susan , Clark Sharon , Campbell Leslie Anne , Murphy Andrea , Wozney Lori
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The vast majority of adolescent mental health and substance use disorders go undiagnosed and undertreated. SMS text messaging is increasingly used as a method to deliver adolescent health services that promote psychological well-being and aim to protect adolescents from adverse experiences and risk factors critical for their current and future mental health. To date, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature on the extent, range, and implementation contexts of these SMS text message interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this scoping review was to map and categorize gaps in the current body of peer-reviewed research around the use of SMS text messaging–based interventions for mental health and addiction services among adolescents.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted according to Levac’s adaptation of Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews in six iterative stages. A search strategy was cocreated and adapted for five unique databases. Studies were screened using Covidence software. The PICO (patient, intervention, comparator, outcome) framework and input from multiple stakeholder groups were used to structure and pilot a data extraction codebook. Data were extracted on study methodology and measures, intervention design, and implementation characteristics, as well as policy, practice, and research implications.

RESULTS

We screened 1142 abstracts. Of these, 31 articles published between 2013 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Intervention engagement was the most common type of outcome measured (18/31), followed by changes in cognitions (16/31; eg, disease knowledge, self-awareness) and acceptability (16/31). Interventions were typically delivered in less than 12 weeks, and adolescents received 1-3 messages per week. Bidirectional messaging was involved in 65% (20/31) of the studies. Limited descriptions of implementation features (eg, cost, policy implications, technology performance) were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of SMS text messaging interventions is a rapidly expanding area of research. However, lack of large-scale controlled trials and theoretically driven intervention designs limits generalizability. Significant gaps in the literature were observed in relation to implementation considerations, cost, clinical workflow, bidirectionality of texting, and level of personalization and tailoring of the interventions. Given the growth of mobile phone–based interventions for this population, a rigorous program of large-scale, well-designed trials is urgently required.
Preserving the Open Access Benefits Pioneered by the Journal of Medical Internet Research and Discouraging Fraudulent Journals (Preprint)
Authors: Wyatt Jeremy C
Published: October 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

The Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) was an early pioneer of open access online publishing, and two decades later, some readers and authors may have forgotten the challenges of previous scientific publishing models. This commentary summarizes the many advantages of open access publishing for each of the main stakeholders in scientific publishing and reminds us that, like every innovation, there are disadvantages that we need to guard against, such as the problem of fraudulent journals. This paper then reviews the potential impact of some current initiatives, such as Plan S and JMIRx, concluding with some suggestions to help new open-access publishers ensure that the advantages of open access publishing outweigh the challenges.
Influence of Cognitive Functioning on Powered Mobility Device Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Pellichero Alice , Kenyon Lisa K , Best Krista Lynn , Sorita Éric , Lamontagne Marie-Eve , Lavoie Marie Denise , Routhier François
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Power mobility devices (PMD) are critical to achieving independent mobility and social participation for many individuals who have trouble walking. Provision of PMDs is complex, with cognitive functioning expressed by clinicians as a major concern. Even if PMD use can be predicted by the level of cognitive functioning, outcome tools used to assess readiness do not consider how cognitive functioning may affect PMD use.

OBJECTIVE

The specific aims of this review are to identify existing assessments used to assess cognitive functioning and PMD use, classify cognitive functions that are identified within existing assessments related to PMD use, and explore the relationships between cognitive functioning (ie, executive functions and attention) and PMD use.

METHODS

A systematic review will be conducted using the electronic databases MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO (Ovid), and Web of Science based on the concepts of PMD performance and capacity, and cognitive functioning. To be included, studies must have: a sample of PMD users (inclusive of age and diagnoses), an assessment of cognitive functioning, and an assessment of PMD capacity or performance. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health will be used to classify cognitive functions. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Qualitative and quantitative studies will be analyzed in a complementary manner depending on their designs; a result-based convergent synthesis design will be applied.

RESULTS

This proposed systematic review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019118957). It was funded by the Quebec Rehabilitation Research Network and approved on February 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Results will inform the development of a PMD driving program that aims to enhance cognition. The results of this study will enhance understanding of the influence of cognitive functioning on PMD use and will support the clinical practice in choosing appropriate evaluative tools.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42019118957; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php? RecordID=118957

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16534
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D dan kalsium pada akseptor depot medroxyprogesteron asetat (DMPA) berdasarkan lama pemakaian
Authors: Simanjuntak Netti Meilani , Yerizel Eti , Yusrawati Yusrawati
Published: October 2019

Background: Long – term usage of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) may suppress estrogen levels causing the body to undergo hypoestrogenic. The hormone estrogen affects the metabolism of calcium and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D in the body. Calcium and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D are bone-forming vitamin and minerals.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D and calcium on the accelerate of DMPA based on long usage.Method: This is an observational study with cross-sectional design. A total of 70 acceporates sample was chosen by consecutive sampling and divided into 2 groups. 35 acceporates received DMPA for 1-2 years (group 1) and 35 acceporates received DMPA for 2-4 years (group 2). Serum 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D levels examined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method and serum calcium was quantified using the Calcium Arsenazo method. The research was conducted in Puskesmas Andalas and Lubuk Buaya Kota Padang between July 2017 and September 2017. The data normality was checked using Kolmogorov Smirnov and then the data were analyzed using the Spearman test.Results: The average of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D in group 1 is 351.16 pg/ml and in group 2 is 289.84 pg/ml. The median concentration of calcium on samples in group 1 is 9.30 mg/dl and in Group 2 is 9.13 mg/dl.Conclusion: There were negative significant correlations between 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D and calcium in group 1 and group 2.
Pengukuran Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker Payudara di Kota Denpasar Menggunakan Instrumen EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Mursyid Abdillah , Haris Restu Nur Hasanah , Endarti Dwi , Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Kristina Susi Ari
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and is one of the biggest causes of cancer deaths every year. Measurement of the quality of life in breast cancer patients could improve treatment and become a prognosic factor along with medical parameters for the patients. This study aims to measure the life quality of breast cancer patients and observe how it affects the life quality based on patient characteristics. The study was conducted on 93 breast cancer patients. Data were collected form patients in several breast cancer comunities in Denpasar which were carried outh within 3 months (January – March 2019). This study used a cross sectional design using a snowball sampling technique involving breast cancer patients in several cancer communities in Denpasar. The patient's life quality data was obtained using the EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) generic instrument and conversion to health utility (utility) used the Indonesian value set. The entire data was analyzed using the independent t-test and multivariate regression. The results showed that pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were the most dominant problem in breast cancer patients (82,7%). The utility value of breast cancer patients was 0.821±0.123 and the VAS value was 74.41±11.67. There was a significant difference in utility value based on patient characteristics of occupation (p=0.035), symptoms (p=0,003), and cancer stadium (p=0.015). Affected 20.5% of the quality of life of breast cancer patients in Denpasar city.
Over-Parenting in Middle School: How Can Parents Help?
Authors: Lindt Suzanne
Published: October 2019

As students enter the period of adolescence, students perceive parents as less important than their peers. However, many parents continue to remain involved in their adolescent’s lives, when it comes to helping with homework, problems in their social lives, and academics. Previous research suggests that both positive and negative outcomes have resulted from parents’ over-involvement in their adolescent’s lives. Suggestions for teachers to encourage positive parental involvement to positively influence adolescent development are discussed.
Efectos de los laboratorios de ciencias con TIC en la comprensión y representación de los conocimientos científicos en estudiantes del bachillerato en un contexto escolar cotidiano
Authors: Flores-Camacho Fernando , Gallegos-Cázares Leticia , García-Rivera Beatriz-Eugenia , Báez-Islas Araceli
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo da respuesta a la interrogante de si los recursos tecnológicos tienen alguna influencia en la comprensión que alcanzan los alumnos cuando las condiciones en las que se aplican no tienen control experimental, sino que simplemente son utilizados en función de la visión y capacidad tecnológica de cada profesor. Los datos y análisis indican que la introducción en las escuelas de laboratorios de ciencias con una gran variedad de recursos tecnológicos que favorecen un entorno multi-representacional, tiene influencia positiva en la comprensión y posibilidad de representación que logran los alumnos en biología y física, en situaciones diversas de aproximación didáctica de los profesores.
Resiliencia e Inteligencia Emocional: bosquejo de modelo integrador para el desarrollo del saber ser del estudiante universitario
Authors: Belykh Anna
Published: October 2019

En este artículo analizamos dos constructos psicológicos de potencial utilidad para el desarrollo del saber ser, uno de los pilares de la educación para el siglo XXI formulados por la UNESCO. En la parte introductoria, resaltamos el carácter particular del saber existencial en este planteamiento educativo. Procedemos a bosquejar una propuesta para su desarrollo con base en los constructos de resiliencia e inteligencia emocional. Tras describir tres principales modelos de cada uno aplicables a educación superior, señalamos la complementariedad de dos de ellos para el fomento cognitivo del crecimiento personal del estudiante incidiendo en su formación integral.
La virtualidad de la educación, un reto en el aprendizaje universitario. Reseña del libro de Claudio Rama, Políticas, tensiones y tendencias de la educación a distancia y virtual en América Latina
Authors: Medina-Gamero Aldo
Published: October 2019

El libro de Claudio Rama muestra cómo la educación a distancia se inicia en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, primero en el sector público y luego en el privado, con aportes muy limitados y restringidos, para luego ser una realidad con resultados óptimos, iguales o superiores a los que se cosecha con la presencialidad.
Valor económico del agua en el distrito de riego 044,
Authors: Zetina-Espinosa Ana M. , Mora-Flores José S. , Martínez-Damián Miguel Ã. , Cruz-Jiménez Joaquín , Téllez-Delgado Ricardo
Published: October 2019

La importancia del agua no puede exagerarse: ésta puede encontrarse en muchas partes de la Tierra: océanos y mares, ríos y lagos, lagunas, etcétera. El objetivo de este trabajo fue proponer un esquema óptimo para el patrón de cultivos en el Distrito de Riego 044 (DR044) en Jilotepec, Estado de México, y estimar el valor económico del agua en siete diferentes escenarios, de acuerdo con el patrón de cultivo de los últimos diez ciclos agrícolas. En la optimización del ingreso y la cuantificación del valor del producto marginal del agua se instrumentó un modelo de programación lineal, tomando 37 actividades agrícolas cíclicas y perennes; introduciendo 62 restricciones. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia de 2.2 millones de pesos entre la situación actual y el óptimo económico. Bajo un escenario de asignación óptima sin restricción de superficie, el maíz (cultivo principal), será reemplazado por trigo y frutales. El valor estimado del producto marginal del agua estuvo entre 0.96 y 5.72 pesos por m3 en el ciclo Otoño-Invierno, y entre 0.03 y 0.21 pesos por m3 en Primavera-Verano; en todos los casos esos precios económicos del agua son superiores a las cuotas pagadas por los usuarios del DR044; por tanto, un incremento gradual de las cuotas podrá optimizar el uso y mitigar el desperdicio.
MODELOS Y TEORÍAS DE ENFERMERÍA: SUSTENTO PARA LOS CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS
Authors: Figueredo-Borda Natalie , Ramírez-Pereira Mirliana , Nurczyk Selene , Diaz-Videla Valeria
Published: October 2019

El cuidado es la base de la ciencia de enfermería y puede conceptualizarse como todas las acciones que ayudan a preservar y mantener la vida. Se origina en la necesidad de supervivencia humana en circunstancias adversas, y si bien es inherente a la especie, se ha diferenciado por género. Las necesidades de cuidado familiar, alimentos, ropa y afecto se han relacionado históricamente con las mujeres; en el caso de los hombres, la atención se relaciona con actos que requieren fuerza física y el logro de alimentos a través del trabajo de caza y pesca. La enfermería moderna tomó desde sus orígenes la práctica del cuidado como la base de su disciplina, siendo abordada desde varios aspectos, en los que se incluye: atención, investigación, docencia y gestión. El cuidado es una parte específica de la cultura, los valores y las creencias de las personas, poniendo a la preocupación por los demás como el pilar de la existencia humana. Cuidar es una forma de vivir y de estar en relación con otros, de habitar en el mundo, que es esencial para cualquier adaptación.  Desde la perspectiva de la Enfermería en Cuidados Paliativos, hay varios modelos de enfoques para una intervención holística, que combinan aspectos físicos, sociales, psicológicos y espirituales que brindan atención a la familia y a la sociedad en general. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la utilización de los modelos y teorías de enfermería en los cuidados paliativos.
Resolución de conflictos en la adolescencia: aplicación de un cuestionario en centros escolares coeducativos y diferenciados por sexos en España
Authors: Camps Bansell Jaume , Selvam Rejina M , Sheymardanov Shamil
Published: October 2019

El propósito de esta investigación es analizar los diferentes estilos de resolución de conflictos presentes en escolares adolescentes de España y ver si existen diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres, teniendo en cuenta además el tipo de centro al que asisten (mixto o diferenciado por sexo). Para ello se definió una muestra de 816 alumnos, de 12 escuelas españolas, a la que se aplicó un cuestionario basado en el Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI), adaptado y validado para adolescentes. Los resultados confirman diferencias entre sexos, ya identificadas en otras investigaciones, y para ambos sexos, en la escuela diferenciada aparecen puntajes más altos en el estilo colaborador respecto de los estudiantes varones y mujeres que asisten a una escuela mixta. Para los demás estilos de resolución de conflictos no se encontraron diferencias significativas.