bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable
Authors: Jovin Tudor G. , Albers Gregory W. , Liebeskind David S. ,   for the STAIR IX Consortium
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—

The STAIR (Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable) meeting aims to advance acute stroke therapy development through collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory institutions. In pursuit of this goal and building on recently available level I evidence of benefit from endovascular therapy (ET) in large vessel occlusion stroke, STAIR IX consensus recommendations were developed that outline priorities for future research in ET.

Methods—

Three key directions for advancing the field were identified: (1) development of systems of care for ET in large vessel occlusion stroke, (2) development of therapeutic approaches adjunctive to ET, and (3) exploring clinical benefit of ET in patient population insufficiently studied in recent trials. Methodological issues such as optimal trial design and outcome measures have also been addressed.

Results—

Development of systems of care strategies should be geared both toward ensuring broad access to ET for eligible patients and toward shortening time to reperfusion to the minimum possible. Adjunctive therapy development includes neuroprotective approaches, adjuvant microcirculatory/collateral enhancing strategies, and periprocedural management. Future research priorities seeking to expand the eligible patient population are to determine benefit of ET in patients presenting beyond conventional time windows, in patients with large baseline ischemic core lesions, and in other important subgroups.

Conclusions—

Research priorities in ET for large vessel occlusion stroke are to improve systems of care, investigate effective adjuvant therapies, and explore whether patient eligibility could be expanded.
A Discussion of Xunzi’s “Encouraging Learning” and Its Significance for Confucianism
Authors: Bo (王博) Wang
Published: September 2016

Much of Xunzi’s philosophy can be characterized as a deepening of themes introduced by Confucius and, at the same time, a reaction against Mencius’ brand of Confucianism. For Xunzi, the idea of learning was a critical concept in achieving both of these goals. In Xunzi’s philosophy, learning is not simply the accumulation of knowledge but, rather, the process of coming to understand morality as a lifelong process of self-cultivation and self-improvement. Xunzi did not agree with Mencius that human nature was inherently good; instead he believed that human nature was bad, which is why individuals must actively learn to control their base desires. It is no coincidence that, in Xunzi’s project of self-cultivation based on learning to overcome one’s primal nature, chapter 1 of his anthology is “Encouraging Learning.” Reexamining the respective moral philosophies of Xunzi and Mencius from the perspective of learning and its role in moral cultivation can provide a deeper understanding of their overall philosophy.
Taxonomic studies in the Macrolobium campestre complex (Leguminosae)
Authors: FÉLIX-DA-SILVA MARIA MARICÉLIA , BASTOS MARIA DE NAZARÉ DO CARMO , GURGEL ELY SIMONE CAJUEIRO
Published: September 2016

Macrolobium is a neotropical genus with approximately 80 species distributed from Central to South America. In Brazil, the upper Rio Negro basin in Amazonia is the center of diversity for the genus. A taxonomic study based on the type materials and additional specimens of M. campestre deposited in several herbaria was carried out. The results show that the taxonomic diversity at the infraspecific level has been overestimated. Thus this work proposes synonymizing Macrolobium campestre var. arirambense R.S. Cowan, M. campestre var. arboreum R.S. Cowan, M. campestre var. longibracteatum R.S. Cowan and M. campestre var. medium R.S. Cowan under Macrolobium campestre Huber.
Andinia wayqechensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from southern Peru
Authors: MARTEL CARLOS , COLLANTES BENJAMÍN , MAIRE ANNE-LAURE , THOERLE LISA
Published: September 2016

Andinia wayqechensis, from the Peruvian cloud forest, is proposed as a new species. The species is similar to Andinia pentamytera, but differs in the leaves with a tridentate apex (vs. a denticulate apex); and flowers with oblong, shortly acuminate sepals with irregularly lacerate margins (vs. narrowly ovate-triangular, long-acuminate sepals with entire margins); petals with irregularly lacerate margins and short-acuminate apices (vs. with entire margins and long-acuminate apices); and a labellum with the erect lateral lobes curving above and largely concealing the column (vs. below the exposed column). A description, illustrations, information about its habitat and distribution, and a key to the species of Andinia are provided.
Three new replacement names for beetle genera in Cerylonidae, Zopheridae and Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)
Authors: ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM
Published: September 2016

This note resolves homonymy among three genera of beetles described by myself (Ślipiński 1988, 1990), John F. Lawrence (Ślipiński & Lawrence 1997), and Hermes E. Escalona (Ślipiński & Escalona 2016). I propose new replacement names in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999). Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for making valuable suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript.
A new species of Colobothea Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) from Ecuador
Authors: SOUZA DIEGO DE SANTANA
Published: September 2016

Colobotheini is a tribe of Lamiinae (Cerambycidae) which includes 189 species classified into 12 genera (Monné, 2016). This tribe is characterized by a trapezoidal frons, contiguous antennal tubercles, prothorax without lateral spines, elytra elongate with lateral carina, metatarsomere I elongate and tarsal claws divaricate (Galileo & Martins, 2006). Colobothea Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825 is the largest genus of Colobotheini, with 119 valid species distributed from Mexico to Southern South America, except Chile and latitudes below 35°S.
Investigating Exchange Processes over Complex Topography: The Innsbruck Box (i-Box)
Authors: Rotach Mathias W. , Stiperski Ivana , Fuhrer Oliver , Goger Brigitta , Gohm Alexander , Obleitner Friedrich , Rau Gabriele , Sfyri Eleni , Vergeiner Johannes
Published: September 2016

The flow and turbulence structure in the atmospheric boundary layer over complex mountainous terrain determines Earth–atmosphere interaction, that is, the exchange of energy, mass, and momentum between the surface over such terrain and the free atmosphere. Numerical models for weather and climate, even when operated at high or very high grid resolution, are known to be deficient, leading to inaccurate local forecasts (weather) or scenarios (climate). The nature and reasons for these deficiencies, however, are difficult to assess because systematic and long-term combined observational/modeling studies in mountainous terrain are missing. The Innsbruck Box (i-Box) project aims at filling in this gap through a network of long-term turbulence sites in truly complex terrain, complemented by similarly continuous (surface based) remote sensing and numerical modeling at high to highest [i.e., large-eddy simulation (LES)] resolution. This contribution details the i-Box approach, the experimental design, and available data, as well as the numerical modeling strategy. The first scientific highlights are presented to illustrate the potential of the i-Box data pool and possible future directions.
Estimating the Continental Response to Global Warming Using Pattern-Scaled Sea Surface Temperatures and Sea Ice
Authors: Bichet Adeline , Kushner Paul J. , Mudryk Lawrence
Published: September 2016

Better constraining the continental climate response to anthropogenic forcing is essential to improve climate projections. In this study, pattern scaling is used to extract, from observations, the patterned response of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SICE) to anthropogenically dominated long-term global warming. The SST response pattern includes a warming of the tropical Indian Ocean, the high northern latitudes, and the western boundary currents. The SICE pattern shows seasonal variations of the main locations of sea ice loss. These SST–SICE response patterns are used to drive an ensemble of an atmospheric general circulation model, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), over the period 1980–2010 along with a standard AMIP ensemble using observed SST—SICE. The simulations enable attribution of a variety of observed trends of continental climate to global warming. On the one hand, the warming trends observed in all seasons across the entire Northern Hemisphere extratropics result from global warming, as does the snow loss observed over the northern midlatitudes and northwestern Eurasia. On the other hand, 1980–2010 precipitation trends observed in winter over North America and in summer over Africa result from the recent decreasing phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation and the recent increasing phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, respectively, which are not part of the global warming signal. The method holds promise for near-term decadal climate prediction but as currently framed cannot distinguish regional signals associated with oceanic internal variability from aerosol forcing and other sources of short-term forcing.
Changes in Sea Salt Emissions Enhance ENSO Variability
Authors: Yang Yang , Russell Lynn M. , Lou Sijia , Lamjiri Maryam A. , Liu Ying , Singh Balwinder , Ghan Steven J.
Published: September 2016

Two 150-yr preindustrial simulations with and without interactive sea salt emissions from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) are performed to quantify the interactions between sea salt emissions and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Variations in sea salt emissions over the tropical Pacific Ocean are affected by changing wind speed associated with ENSO variability. ENSO-induced interannual variations in sea salt emissions result in decreasing (increasing) aerosol optical depth (AOD) by 0.03 over the equatorial central-eastern (western) Pacific Ocean during El Niño events compared to those during La Niña events. These changes in AOD further increase (decrease) radiative fluxes into the atmosphere by +0.2 (−0.4) W m−2 over the tropical eastern (western) Pacific. Thereby, sea surface temperature increases (decreases) by 0.2–0.4 K over the tropical eastern (western) Pacific Ocean during El Niño compared to La Niña events and enhances ENSO variability by 10%. The increase in ENSO amplitude is a result of systematic heating (cooling) during the warm (cold) phase of ENSO in the eastern Pacific. Interannual variations in sea salt emissions then produce the anomalous ascent (subsidence) over the equatorial eastern (western) Pacific between El Niño and La Niña events, which is a result of heating anomalies. Owing to variations in sea salt emissions, the convective precipitation is enhanced by 0.6–1.2 mm day−1 over the tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean and weakened by 0.9–1.5 mm day−1 over the Maritime Continent during El Niño compared to La Niña events, enhancing the precipitation variability over the tropical Pacific.
Analyzing the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) Characteristics of a High-Order 2D Cubed-Sphere Shallow-Water Model
Authors: Ferguson Jared O. , Jablonowski Christiane , Johansen Hans , McCorquodale Peter , Colella Phillip , Ullrich Paul A.
Published: September 2016

Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is a technique that has been featured only sporadically in atmospheric science literature. This paper aims to demonstrate the utility of AMR for simulating atmospheric flows. Several test cases are implemented in a 2D shallow-water model on the sphere using the Chombo-AMR dynamical core. This high-order finite-volume model implements adaptive refinement in both space and time on a cubed-sphere grid using a mapped-multiblock mesh technique. The tests consist of the passive advection of a tracer around moving vortices, a steady-state geostrophic flow, an unsteady solid-body rotation, a gravity wave impinging on a mountain, and the interaction of binary vortices. Both static and dynamic refinements are analyzed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of AMR in both complex flows with small-scale features and large-scale smooth flows. The different test cases required different AMR criteria, such as vorticity or height-gradient based thresholds, in order to achieve the best accuracy for cost. The simulations show that the model can accurately resolve key local features without requiring global high-resolution grids. The adaptive grids are able to track features of interest reliably without inducing noise or visible distortions at the coarse–fine interfaces. Furthermore, the AMR grids keep any degradations of the large-scale smooth flows to a minimum.
Recommending Small, Frequent Meals in the Clinical Care of Adults: A Review of the Evidence and Important Considerations
Authors: Dashti Hassan S. , Mogensen Kris M.
Published: September 2016

Small, frequent meals (SFMs) are a dietary regimen characterized by multiple small eating episodes throughout the day. Clinical nutrition guidelines recommend SFMs (eg, 6–10 meals) to patients experiencing common symptoms (eg, early satiety) and gastrointestinal‐related symptoms. However, whether the provision of SFMs palliatively improves morbidity of nutritionally at‐risk individuals has yet to be elucidated. This narrative review summarizes current clinical guidelines recommending SFMs for the management of diseases in adult patients (≥18 years), with supporting experimental and epidemiologic evidence, and it provides suggestions pertaining to this recommendation by drawing on potential considerations from investigations in healthy adults. Limited studies suggest that SFMs may promote higher energy and fluid intakes, reduce gastrointestinal‐related symptoms (including vomiting, bloating, and fullness), and prevent postprandial hypotension in patients with primary autonomic failure. Potential health complications related to SFMs include unwarranted weight gain, suboptimal nutrition quality, later meal times, sleep disturbances, limited intermittent fasting, and disordered eating that may exacerbate the underlying disease or related symptoms. Thus, it is prudent for health professionals to supplement SFM recommendations with additional guidance on meal size, frequency, and timing, with a strong emphasis on healthy meal quality. Future research should recognize a standardized definition for SFMs and utilize better methods to obtain reliable data on meal patterns.
Granular computing–based development of service process reference models in social manufacturing contexts
Authors: Leng Jiewu , Jiang Pingyu
Published: September 2016

Serving as sustainable blueprints for the development of individualized services reference models advance in both flexibility and maturity. There is an increasing use of process reference models to establish inter-organizational services in social manufacturing contexts. This article describes a granular computing–based inductive approach for the development of process reference models, based on the existing historical service cases formed by co-operating partners. It is a three-step integrated approach. First, the similarities of service processes are exploited based on both the activity properties and the process sequential relations. Second, the similar service processes are clustered in an optimal granularity. Third, the common subgraphs are identified for each cluster by analyzing their nodes’ matches, and finally merged into reference models. An example is studied to validate its effectiveness and practicability.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment failure detection depends on monitoring interval and microbiological method
Authors: Mitnick Carole D. , White Richard A. , Lu Chunling , Rodriguez Carly A. , Bayona Jaime , Becerra Mercedes C. , Burgos Marcos , Centis Rosella , Cohen Theodore , Cox Helen , D'Ambrosio Lia , Danilovitz Manfred , Falzon Dennis , Gelmanova Irina Y. , Gler Maria T. , Grinsdale Jennifer A. , Holtz Timothy H. , Keshavjee Salmaan , Leimane Vaira , Menzies Dick , Migliori Giovanni Battista , Milstein Meredith B. , Mishustin Sergey P. , Pagano Marcello , Quelapio Maria I. , Shean Karen , Shin Sonya S. , Tolman Arielle W. , van der Walt Martha L. , Van Deun Armand , Viiklepp Piret
Published: September 2016

Debate persists about monitoring method (culture or smear) and interval (monthly or less frequently) during treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We analysed existing data and estimated the effect of monitoring strategies on timing of failure detection.

We identified studies reporting microbiological response to MDR-TB treatment and solicited individual patient data from authors. Frailty survival models were used to estimate pooled relative risk of failure detection in the last 12 months of treatment; hazard of failure using monthly culture was the reference.

Data were obtained for 5410 patients across 12 observational studies. During the last 12 months of treatment, failure detection occurred in a median of 3 months by monthly culture; failure detection was delayed by 2, 7, and 9 months relying on bimonthly culture, monthly smear and bimonthly smear, respectively. Risk (95% CI) of failure detection delay resulting from monthly smear relative to culture is 0.38 (0.34–0.42) for all patients and 0.33 (0.25–0.42) for HIV-co-infected patients.

Failure detection is delayed by reducing the sensitivity and frequency of the monitoring method. Monthly monitoring of sputum cultures from patients receiving MDR-TB treatment is recommended. Expanded laboratory capacity is needed for high-quality culture, and for smear microscopy and rapid molecular tests.
Impact of sleep disordered breathing on behaviour among elementary school-aged children: a cross-sectional analysis of a large community-based sample
Authors: Smith Dale L. , Gozal David , Hunter Scott J. , Philby Mona F. , Kaylegian Jaeson , Kheirandish-Gozal Leila
Published: September 2016

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children has been associated with inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, but the associations between SDB severity and the type and severity of behavioural disruption are unclear.

1022 children aged 5–7 years old prospectively underwent sleep studies and behavioural assessments through completion of standardised instruments. Participants were subdivided into four categorical groups based on the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI; measured per hour of total sleep time (hTST)),i.e.Group 1: nonsnoring and AHI <1 hTST–1; Group 2: habitual snoring and AHI <1 hTST–1; Group 3: habitual snoring and AHI 1–5 hTST–1; and Group 4: habitual snoring and AHI >5 hTST–1, followed by comparisons of behavioural functioning across the groups.

All 10 behavioural variables differed significantly between Group 1 and all other groups.Post hoccomparisons indicated that Group 2 was the most impaired for most behavioural measures. Furthermore, differences between Group 2 and more severe sleep pathology conditions were rarely significant.

This large community-based paediatric cohort confirms earlier findings highlighting a significant impact of SDB on behavioural regulation, with the greatest impact being already apparent among habitually snoring children. Thus, a likely low asymptote exists regarding SDB behavioural impact, such that further increases in severity do not measurably increase parent-rated difficulties with behavioural regulation relative to controls. Our findings do support the need for considering early intervention, particularly among those children manifesting a behavioural impact of SDB.
Peripheral blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells reflect disease status in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Fernandez Isis E. , Greiffo Flavia R. , Frankenberger Marion , Bandres Julia , Heinzelmann Katharina , Neurohr Claus , Hatz Rudolf , Hartl Dominik , Behr Jürgen , Eickelberg Oliver
Published: September 2016

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibroproliferative disease with irreversible lung function loss and poor survival. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are associated with poor prognosis in cancer, facilitating immune evasion. The abundance and function of MDSC in IPF is currently unknown.

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed in 170 patients (IPF: n=69; non-IPF interstitial lung disease (ILD): n=56; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): n=23; healthy controls: n=22) to quantify blood MDSC and lymphocyte subtypes. MDSC abundance was correlated with lung function, MDSC localisation was performed by immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA levels were analysed by qRT-PCR.

We detected increased MDSC in IPF and non-IPF ILD compared with controls (30.99±15.61%versus18.96±8.17%, p≤0.01). Circulating MDSC inversely correlated with maximum vital capacity (r= −0.48, p≤0.0001) in IPF, but not in COPD or non-IPF ILD. MDSC suppressed autologous T-cells. The mRNA levels of co-stimulatory T-cell signals were significantly downregulated in IPF PBMC. Importantly, CD33+CD11b+cells, suggestive of MDSC, were detected in fibrotic niches of IPF lungs.

We identified increased MDSC in IPF and non-IPF ILD, suggesting that elevated MDSC may cause a blunted immune response. MDSC inversely correlate with lung function only in IPF, identifying them as potent biomarkers for disease progression. Controlling expansion and accumulation of MDSC, or blocking their T-cell suppression, represents a promising therapy in IPF.
Polymorphisms in cancer-related pathway genes and lung cancer
Authors: Lee Shin Yup , Kang Hyo-Gyoung , Choi Jin Eun , Jung Deuk Kju , Lee Won Kee , Lee Hyun Chul , Lee So Yeon , Yoo Seung Soo , Lee Jaehee , Seok Yangki , Lee Eung Bae , Cha Seung Ick , Cho Sukki , Kim Chang Ho , Lee Myung Hoon , Park Jae Yong
Published: September 2016

We evaluated the associations between potentially functional variants in a comprehensive list of cancer-related genes and lung cancer in a Korean population.

A total of 1969 potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 1151 genes involved in carcinogenesis were evaluated using an Affymetrix custom-made GeneChip in 610 nonsmall cell lung cancer patients and 610 healthy controls. A replication study was conducted in an independent set of 490 cases and 486 controls. 68 SNPs were significantly associated with lung cancer in the discovery set and tested for replication.

Among the 68 SNPs, three SNPs (corepressor interacting with RBPJ 1 (CIR1) rs13009079T>C, ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) rs1465952T>C and solute carrier family 38, member 4 (SLC38A4) rs2429467C>T) consistantly showed significant associations with lung cancer in the replication study. In combined analysis, adjusted odds ratio forCIR1rs13009079T>C,RRM1rs1465952T>C andSLC38A4rs2429467C>T were 0.69, 0.71 and 0.73, respectively (p=4×10−5, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively) under the dominant model. The relative mRNA expression level ofCIR1was significantly associated with rs13009079T>C genotypes in normal lung tissues (ptrend=0.03).

These results suggest that the three SNPs, particularlyCIR1rs13009079T>C, may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
The effects of being habitually barefoot on foot mechanics and motor performance in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years: study protocol for a multicenter cross‐sectional study (Barefoot LIFE project)
Authors: Hollander Karsten , van der Zwaard Babette C. , de Villiers Johanna Elsabe , Braumann Klaus‐Michael , Venter Ranel , Zech Astrid
Published: September 2016

Background

Barefoot locomotion has evoked an increasing scientific interest with a controversial debate about benefits and limitations of barefoot and simulated barefoot walking and running. While most current knowledge comes from cross sectional laboratory studies, the evolutionary perspective suggests the importance of investigating the long‐term effects. Observing habitually barefoot populations could fill the current gap of missing high quality longitudinal studies. Therefore, the study described in this design paper aims to investigate the effects of being habitually barefoot on foot mechanics and motor performance of children and adolescents.

Methods

This study has a cross‐sectional, binational design and is part of the “Barefoot Locomotion for Individual Foot‐ and health Enhancement (Barefoot LIFE)” project. Two large cohorts (n(total) = 520) of healthy children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age will be included respectively in Germany and South Africa. A barefoot questionnaire will be used to determine habitually barefoot individuals. The testing will be school‐based and include foot mechanical (static arch height index, dynamic arch index, foot pliability) and motor performance (coordination, speed, leg power) outcomes. Gender, BMI and level of physical activity will be considered for confounding.

Discussion

The strength of this study is the comparison of two large cohorts with different footwear habits to determine long‐term effects of being habitually barefoot on foot mechanics and motor performance.
A strategy to ensure safety of stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Choudhary Parul , Whiting Paul John
Published: September 2016

Cell replacement and regenerative therapy using embryonic stem cell-derived material holds promise for the treatment of several pathologies. However, the safety of this approach is of prime importance given the teratogenic potential of residual stem cells, if present in the differentiated cell product. Using the example of embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, we present a novel strategy for ensuring the absence of stem cells in the RPE population. Based on an unbiased screening approach, we identify and validate the expression of CD59, a cell surface marker expressed on RPE but absent on stem cells. We further demonstrate that flow sorting on the basis of CD59 expression can effectively purify RPE and deplete stem cells, resulting in a population free from stem cell impurity. This purification helps to ensure removal of stem cells and hence increases the safety of cells that may be used for clinical transplantation. This strategy can potentially be applied to other pluripotent stem cell-derived material and help mitigate concerns of using such cells for therapy.
Comparative study of allogenic and xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cells on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Ashour Rehab H. , Saad Mohamed-Ahdy , Sobh Mohamed-Ahmed , Al-Husseiny Fatma , Abouelkheir Mohamed , Awad Amal , Elghannam Doaa , Abdel-Ghaffar Hassan , Sobh Mohamed
Published: September 2016

Background

The paracrine and regenerative activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may vary with different stem cell sources. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of MSCs from different sources on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cisplatin and their influence on renal regeneration.

Methods

A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) was used to induce AKI in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with either rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs), human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs), or human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFSCs). 5 × 106 MSCs of different sources were administered through rat tail vein in a single dose, 24 hours after cisplatin injection. Within each group, rats were sacrificed at the 4th, 7th, 11th, and 30th day after cisplatin injection. Serum creatinine, BUN, and renal tissue oxidative stress parameters were measured. Renal tissue was scored histopathologically for evidence of injury, regeneration, and chronicity. Immunohistochemistry was also done using Ki67 for renal proliferative activity evaluation.

Results

MSCs of the three sources were able to ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal function deterioration and tissue damage. The rat BMSCs-treated group had the lowest serum creatinine by day 30 (0.52 ± 0.06) compared to hADSCs and hAFSCs. All MSC-treated groups had nearly equal antioxidant activity as indicated by the decreased renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at different time intervals. Additionally, all MSCs improved injury and regenerative scores. Rat BMSCs had the highest count and earliest proliferative activity in the renal cortex by day 7 as identified by Ki67; while, hAFSCs seem to have the greatest improvement in the regenerative and proliferative activities with a higher count of renal cortex Ki67-positive cells at day 11 and with the least necrotic lesions.

Conclusions

Rat BMSCs, hADSCs, and hAFSCs, in early single IV dose, had a renoprotective effect against cisplatin-induced AKI, and were able to reduce oxidative stress markers. Rat BMSCs had the earliest proliferative activity by day 7; however, hAFSCs seemed to have the greatest improvement in the regenerative activities. Human ADSCs were the least effective in the terms of proliferative and regenerative activities.
Self-enforcing agreement in cooperative teams: an agent-based modeling approach
Authors: Xiong Hang , Kinsella Stephen , Payne Diane
Published: September 2016

Purpose

In cooperative teams (such as agricultural cooperatives), self-enforcing agreement plays a critical role in guaranteeing members’ work incentives when the monitoring from a third party is absent. In order to provide an effective sanction to the violators so as to maintain the agreement, two seemingly conflicting strategies are proposed. One is allowing the members to exit the team freely. The other is imposing a high exit cost to restrict members from leaving the team. The arguments behind each strategy are elaborated in Lin (J Comp Econ 17:504–20, 1993) and Dong and Dow (J Comp Econ 17:472–84, 1993), respectively. However, these strategies have never been tested in the same model. In fact, no formal model is presented for one of the arguments. To fill this gap, we develop a model that incorporates the two arguments as two scenarios in a shared framework.

Methods

An agent-based model is developed to test the two competing hypotheses in the theory of self-enforcing agreement. The model takes heterogeneity of team members (e.g., their laziness, work ability and patience to future well-being) into consideration, which allows us to better understand the divergence of these two arguments.

Results

Using the agent-based model, we conduct computational experiments for testing the two hypotheses. Estimation on the experiment outputs show that (1) The sustained discount rate is lower in exit-free cooperative teams than exit-restricted ones when shirking members exist, which confirms the argument of Lin (J Comp Econ 17:504–20, 1993), and (2) The sustained discount rate is lower in exit-restricted teams than exit-free ones when members’ leisure preferences are not too diverse and the economics of scale are not too large, or when the sizes of the teams are large enough, which verifies the argument of Dong and Dow (J Comp Econ 17:472–84, 1993).

Conclusion

We find the two arguments essentially claim different consequences under different conditions of members’ characteristics and team size. Our study demonstrates agent-based simulation can be an effective approach of testing game theoretical arguments and exploring game theoretical ideas.
From the NIH: A Systems Approach to Increasing the Diversity of the Biomedical Research Workforce
Authors: Valantine Hannah A. , Lund P. Kay , Gammie Alison E.
Published: September 2016

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is committed to attracting, developing, and supporting the best scientists from all groups as an integral part of excellence in training. Biomedical research workforce diversity, capitalizing on the full spectrum of skills, talents, and viewpoints, is essential for solving complex human health challenges. Over the past few decades, the biomedical research workforce has benefited from NIH programs aimed at enhancing diversity. However, there is considerable room for improvement, particularly at the level of independent scientists and within scientific leadership. We provide a rationale and specific opportunities to develop and sustain a diverse biomedical research workforce through interventions that promote the successful transitions to different stages on the path toward completion of training and entry into the biomedical workforce.
Off-label use of tumescent local anaesthesia in endovascular and surgical techniques
Authors: Glowacki P. , Greiner A. , Rass K. , Frings N.
Published: September 2016

Tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA)has increasingly established itself as the anaesthesia method for operations on varicose veins and has become the standard method in the case of endovascular techniques. However, Off-label use occurs due to the reduced concentration of the local anaesthetic, the incorporation of additives together with a high quantity of LA which exceed the manufacturer’s recommended maximum dosage. In spite of a lack of significant complications arising from the approved use of the TLA and unambiguous positive evaluations of this anaesthesia method by international medical professional associations, the operating phlebologist should inform the patient of this Offlabel use both in the case of operative procedures and endovascular techniques in order to avoid any legal problems.
Institutional Complexity as a Driver for Innovation in Service Ecosystems
Authors: Siltaloppi Jaakko , Koskela-Huotari Kaisa , Vargo Stephen L.
Published: September 2016

This paper extends research on innovation as institutional change within service science and service-dominant (S-D) logic by conceptualizing the emergence of novel solutions in service ecosystems. We pay particular attention to how actors (individuals and organizations) are able to create new solutions that change the very institutional arrangements that guide and constrain them. We propose that institutional complexity—the multiplicity of institutional arrangements confronting actors with conflicting prescriptions for action—drives the emergence of novelty. Institutional complexity reduces the influence of prevailing institutions by activating conscious problem solving and making available multiple institutional “toolkits.” These dynamic toolkits consist of the cultural norms and meanings, as well as material practices, associated with specific institutional arrangements, with which actors can jointly reconstruct and change value cocreation practices and advance change in the institutional arrangements of service ecosystems. This paper contributes to service science and S-D logic by providing a more comprehensive understanding of innovation driven by institutional complexity, in which the stability of institutional arrangements is reconciled with the actor-driven creation of novel solutions constitutive of institutional change.
Differences between Pygmy and Non-Pygmy Hunting in Congo Basin Forests
Authors: Fa Julia E. , Olivero Jesús , Farfán Miguel Angel , Lewis Jerome , Yasuoka Hirokazu , Noss Andrew , Hattori Shiho , Hirai Masaaki , Kamgaing Towa O. W. , Carpaneto Giuseppe , Germi Francesco , Márquez Ana Luz , Duarte Jesús , Duda Romain , Gallois Sandrine , Riddell Michael , Nasi Robert
Published: September 2016

We use data on game harvest from 60 Pygmy and non-Pygmy settlements in the Congo Basin forests to examine whether hunting patterns and prey profiles differ between the two hunter groups. For each group, we calculate hunted animal numbers and biomass available per inhabitant, P, per year (harvest rates) and killed per hunter, H, per year (extraction rates). We assess the impact of hunting of both hunter groups from estimates of numbers and biomass of prey species killed per square kilometre, and by examining the proportion of hunted taxa of low, medium and high population growth rates as a measure of their vulnerability to overhunting. We then map harvested biomass (kg-1P-1Yr-1) of bushmeat by Pygmies and non-Pygmies throughout the Congo Basin. Hunting patterns differ between Pygmies and non-Pygmies; Pygmies take larger and different prey and non-Pygmies sell more for profit. We show that non-Pygmies have a potentially more severe impact on prey populations than Pygmies. This is because non-Pygmies hunt a wider range of species, and twice as many animals are taken per square kilometre. Moreover, in non-Pygmy settlements there was a larger proportion of game taken of low population growth rate. Our harvest map shows that the non-Pygmy population may be responsible for 27 times more animals harvested than the Pygmy population. Such differences indicate that the intense competition that may arise from the more widespread commercial hunting by non-Pygmies is a far more important constraint and source of conflict than are protected areas.
Effect of Participating in a Quality Improvement System over Time for Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein, Glucose, and Hemoglobin Testing
Authors: Bukve Tone , Stavelin Anne , Sandberg Sverre
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Users of point-of-care testing (POCT) in Norway participate in a quality improvement system that includes education and guidance in safe laboratory management along with participation in external quality assurance schemes (EQAS).

The aim of this study was to identify the effect on the analytical performance of POCT C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, and hemoglobin (Hb) with the use of a quality improvement system over time and to identify which factors are associated with good performance.

METHODS

Participants' results from 19 EQAS for CRP, glucose, and Hb from 2006 to 2015 along with information on the instruments used and different practice characteristics were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with good laboratory performance. An instrument evaluation and comparison for CRP determination was performed by using commutable EQA material.

RESULTS

The mean number of participants in each EQAS was 2134, 2357, and 2271 for CRP, glucose, and Hb, respectively. The percentage of good participant performances increased gradually whereas that of poor performances decreased with participation in a quality improvement system over 9 years for all 3 analytes. Independent factors associated with good performance were type of instrument, the number of times performing EQA, performing internal QC weekly, performing 10 or more tests weekly, and having laboratory-qualified personnel perform the tests. Considering CRP instrument performance, Afinion and QuikRead exhibited the lowest systematic deviation.

CONCLUSIONS

The analytical quality of CRP, glucose, and Hb testing is improved by systematic participation in a quality improvement system over time.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE COMPETÊNCIAS EMPREENDEDORAS E A TAXA DE CRESCIMENTO DE VENDAS DE PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Leite Filho Geraldo Alemandro , Colares André Felipe Vieira
Published: September 2016

As pequenas e médias empresas têm desempenhado papel fundamental na economia brasileira e de diversas nações, contribuindo sobremaneira para a geração de emprego e renda nestes países. Nessa linha, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, em pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras, quais competências empreendedoras, representadas pelos ativos intangíveis de conhecimento, estariam relacionadas com o crescimento das vendas destas empresas. A teoria de base referenciada foi a visão baseada em recursos e em conhecimento. Utilizaram-se dados primários e secundários de uma amostra de duzentas pequenas e médias empresas participantes da pesquisa anual da DELOITE e EXAME/PME. No tratamento dos dados, foi utilizada modelos de análise de regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados da regressão múltipla evidenciaram que o crescimento anual das empresas pode ser explicado na ordem de 22 % por três tipos de competências empreendedoras. Assim, do ponto de vista da visão baseada em recursos, a melhoria nos processos internos deu indícios de ser uma competência empreendedora que influenciou significativamente a taxa de crescimento das vendas das empresas da amostra, portanto, há validade empírica para evidências teóricas apresentadas ao longo da discussão.
A PERCEPÇÃO DE CLIENTES SOBRE INOVATIVIDADE, CRIATIVIDADE, APRENDIZAGEM E EMPREENDEDORISMO EM CASAS NOTURNAS.
Authors: Cardoso André Luís Janzkovski , Pescador Suziméri Vilas Bôas , Desidério Paulo Henrique Martins
Published: September 2016

Este é um estudo sobre a percepção de clientes de casas noturnas sobre inovatividade, criatividade, aprendizagem e empreendedorismo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa com coleta de dados por meio de questionários enviados aos frequentadores de casas noturnas no município de Cascavel-PR, totalizando 799 respostas válidas. Os dados foram analisados com técnicas estatísticas compreendendo comparativos entre médias, análise de correlação e análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Os resultados demonstraram um fator de determinação entre a percepção dos clientes e os construtos tiveram variação de 37% para o fator aprendizagem, 40% para criatividade, 47% para inovação e 54% para empreendedorismo.
MAIS DO QUE NEGÓCIOS ABERTOS, MENTES ABERTAS
Authors: Silva Glessia , Dacorso Antônio Luiz Rocha , Montenegro Ludmilla Meyer
Published: September 2016

Esse artigo ensaístico explora como as características interpessoais e gerenciais do gestor podem influenciar no uso do modelo de inovação aberta nas organizações de pequeno porte. Optou-se por agregar aos entendimentos acerca da inovação aberta as concepções básicas do organizing de Karl Weick (1973) para a compreensão da lógica cognitiva dos gestores e dos aspectos culturais das organizações. Os indícios teóricos apontaram que no contexto dos pequenos empreendimentos o modelo é fortemente influenciado pelas características interpessoais do gestor, grau de institucionalização da empresa, bem como por sua cultura e identidade. O modelo de inovação aberta precisa não apenas ser “lido” (interpretado) pelos gestores que irão incorporá-lo e utilizá-lo, mas também precisa fazer sentido para eles. Nesse sentido, para a efetiva adoção do modelo de inovação aberta se faz necessário criar uma atmosfera propícia à captação das novas fontes de valor, mudando o foco da empresa para a forma aberta de encarar a competição empresarial e tendo no gestor o principal responsável por essa mudança. Como contribuição dessa pesquisa está a análise baseada no indivíduo-gestor como forma de compreender a efetividade do modelo de inovação aberta nos empreendimentos de pequeno porte, em que a figura do dono e do gestor muitas vezes se confunde.
OS BICHOS ESTÃO SOLTOS E PRECISO DE UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA RECUPERÁ-LOS
Authors: Poffo Gabriella Depiné , Marinho Sidnei Vieira , Alberton Anete
Published: September 2016

O caso de ensino estruturado neste ensaio apresenta a necessidade de desenvolver uma estratégia de gestão para uma clínica veterinária e Pet Shop com a finalidade de aumentar sua rentabilidade mensal. Para permitir possibilidades de aprendizagem, relacionando a teoria com a prática, o caso apresenta detalhadamente informações da empresa e históricas vivenciadas pelos gestores. O caso segue estruturação para possibilitar a exploração e práticas de vários conceitos como sustentabilidade financeira, planejamento estratégico, empreendedorismo e demais conteúdos que poderão ser identificados ao longo do caso pelo professor. Esse caso poderá ser utilizado por cursos de graduação em Administração, nas disciplinas de administração estratégica, empreendedorismo e administração financeira. Foi totalmente estruturado em uma situação real e se condiciona para estratégia de ensino como ilustrativo e de avaliação. Os nomes dos personagens citados foram alterados para preservar a identidade, porém, as alterações de nome, não influenciam na contextualização da história. As notas de ensino para o professor sugerem questões de discussão e dinâmicas para discussão do caso. Suas análises permitiram aprendizagem em diversas teorias podendo ser recondicionadas pelo professor em sala de aula. Entretanto, apesar de apresentar um desfecho para o caso real, os professores não necessariamente devem seguir as respostas apresentadas pela situação real. Poderão ser condicionada outras estratégias de gestão construídas e identificadas pelos alunos através das teorias. Faz-se necessário apenas, registrar as informações apresentadas pelos alunos para que possa ser relacionada com a teoria e o professor, mediar possíveis desfechos do caso. A bibliografia apresentada poderá ser expandida conforme a utilização do caso.
Ethnobiology in One Health
Authors: Quinlan Marsha B. , Quinlan Robert J.
Published: September 2016

The new One Health concept is, essentially, the ethnobiology of health, addressing the interrelation of human, animal and environmental health. Incited by 2003 outbreaks of animal-borne SARS and avian influenza, One Health’s multidisciplinary perspective complements growing international support for interdisciplinary research and health equity. One Health needs researchers able to integrate social and cultural factors into health-related life science questions.
Birds of the Mongol Empire
Authors: Anderson Eugene N.
Published: September 2016

The Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire the world has ever known, had, among other things, a goodly number of falconers, poultry raisers, birdcatchers, cooks, and other experts on various aspects of birding. We have records of this, largely in the Yinshan Zhengyao, the court nutrition manual of the Mongol empire in China (the Yuan Dynasty). It discusses in some detail 22 bird taxa, from swans to chickens. The Huihui Yaofang, a medical encyclopedia, lists ten taxa used medicinally. Marco Polo also made notes on Mongol bird use. There are a few other records. This allows us to draw conclusions about Mongol ornithology, which apparently was sophisticated and detailed.
EFFECT OF SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED DIET ON MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN SHEEP
Authors: Achmadi J. , Suhada A. T. , Nuswantara L. K. , Wahyono F.
Published: September 2016

The experimental research was conducted to clarify the effect of synchronization of ruminal carbohydrate and protein releases from sugarcane bagasse based diet (SBBD) on microbial protein synthesis in sheep. The first experiment was the formulation of three SBBD with similar nutrient content but differed in synchronization indexes (namely 0.36; 0.50 and 0.63). The in sacco nutrient degradability coefficient was used to calculate the synchronization index of each feedstuff. The second experiment was determination of post feeding ruminal pH, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in sheep fed on experimental SBBD. The third experiment was determination of feed digestibility and estimation of microbial nitrogen synthesis (MNP) on the basis of excreted urinary allantoin. The alteration of dietary synchronization index did not change nutrient intake, but the digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were increased (P<0.05). The post feeding ruminal pH was decreased (P<0.05) but concentrations of post feeding ruminal TVFA and NH3-N, and level of BUN were increased (P<0.05) by the treatment of dietary synchronization index. The treatment of dietary synchronization index improved MNP (P<0.05), although dietary synchronization index at 0.63 lowered the MNP (P<0.05).