bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Sulfur‐Rich Oxysulfide Perovskites for Water‐Splitting Applications Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mithal Vidur , Adhikari Surajit , Johari Priya
Published: March 2023

Solar energy offers a promising means of addressing energy supply and storage problems, but this potential is not fully realized due to a lack of suitable semiconducting materials. The discovery of new materials with desirable properties has historically been conducted either using an experimental or a first‐principles density functional theory based study. These approaches are extremely time‐intensive, and therefore, cannot be applied effectively to study a large number of systems. In such situations, machine learning can be used to make predictions about properties of new compounds from known data, providing a more efficient route to materials discovery. Here, this approach is used to predict the bandgap of a series of oxysulfide perovskites (of the form of ABOXS3−X, X = 0,1,2,3), in general, and sulfur‐rich ABOS2, in particular. Atomic properties of constituent elements in the perovskite structures via 1.048 millions possible subsets of features are employed to train the models. Further, feature selection, kernel ridge regression, and k‐nearest neighbors classification methods are applied to downselect the promising ABOS2 based oxysulfide perovskites for water‐splitting. The accuracy of each model is determined using standard statistical metrics. Finally, seven stable but yet unsynthesized sulfur‐rich oxysulfide perovskites (BiInOS2, BiGaOS2, SbInOS2, SbGaOS2, SbAlOS2, SnZrOS2, and MgSnOS2) that show potential for water‐splitting applications are proposed.
Nano‐LYTACs for Degradation of Membrane Proteins and Inhibition of CD24/Siglec‐10 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Kun , Yu Albert , Liu Kewei , Feng Chunyan , Hou Yibo , Chen Jiawei , Ma Shaohua , Huang Laiqiang , Dai Xiaoyong
Published: March 2023

Lysosome‐targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that effectively degrade cancer cell membranes and extracellular target proteins. In this study, a nanosphere‐based LYTAC degradation system is developed. The amphiphilic peptide‐modified N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) can self‐assemble into nanospheres with a strong affinity for asialoglycoprotein receptor targets. They can degrade different membranes and extracellular proteins by linking with the relevant antibodies. CD24, a heavily glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored surface protein, interacts with Siglec‐10 to modulate the tumor immune response. The novel Nanosphere‐AntiCD24, synthesized by linking nanospheres with CD24 antibody, accurately regulates the degradation of CD24 protein and partially restores the phagocytic function of macrophages toward tumor cells by blocking the CD24/Siglec‐10 signaling pathway. When Nanosphere‐AntiCD24 is combined with glucose oxidase, an enzyme promoting the oxidative decomposition of glucose, the combination not only effectively restores the function of macrophages in vitro but also suppresses tumor growth in xenograft mouse models without detectable toxicity to normal tissues. The results indicate that GalNAc‐modified nanospheres, as a part of LYTACs, can be successfully internalized and are an effective drug‐loading platform and a modular degradation strategy for the lysosomal degradation of cell membrane and extracellular proteins, which can be broadly applied in the fields of biochemistry and tumor therapeutics.
Iodine‐ and Bromine‐Promoted Transformations of Pyridotriazoles: General Access to Geminal Diiodo and Dibromo Methylpyridines
Authors: Tang Tao , Chen Jing , Xu Ze‐Feng , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan‐Ying
Published: March 2023

A new ring‐opening method for pyridotriazole was developed. Geminal diiodo and dibromo methylpyridines were obtained in moderate to good yields when pyridotriazoles were treated with iodine and bromine under mild conditions.
Asymmetric Mannich/Radical Debromination Cascade of α‐Bromoketones by Dipeptide‐Phosphonium Salt Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketone‐Pyrazolinones
Authors: Che Jixing , Fang Siqiang , Pan Jianke , Zhu Lixiang , Ren Xiaoyu , Wang Tianli
Published: March 2023

We herein demonstrated an organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich/radical debromination cascade of α‐brominated ketones. With this protocol, a diversity of chiral β‐amino ketone‐pyrazolinone scaffolds, which have important versatilities in medicine and chemical synthesis, were constructed in high yields (up to 94%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). This methodology features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance. Moreover, mechanistic investigations revealed that this cascade reaction proceeds through a bifunctional phosphonium salt‐catalyzed Mannich reaction of α‐brominated ketones with pyrazolinone ketimines, which is followed by an oxygen‐induced radical debromination. This protocol represents a novel activation mode for α‐brominated ketones and opens new avenues for catalytic enantioselective radical reactions under ion‐pair system.
Technical note: The use and misuse of threshold diagnostic criteria in paleopathology
Authors: Vlok Melandri
Published: March 2023

Weighted threshold diagnostic criteria approaches have emerged for diseases that involve skeletal/bony tissue that are readily diagnosed in the field of paleopathology such as Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), Vitamin D deficiency (rickets) and treponemal disease. These criteria differ from traditional differential diagnosis in that they involve standardized inclusion criteria based on the lesion's specificity to the disease. Here I discuss the limitations and benefits of threshold criteria. I argue that while these criteria will benefit from further revision such as inclusion of lesion severity, and the incorporation of exclusion criteria, threshold diagnostic approaches have considerable value in the future of diagnosis in the field.
Designing Solvated Double‐Layer Polymer Electrolytes with Molecular Interactions Mediated Stable Interfaces for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Jun , Zhang Yuchen , Sun Fu , Osenberg Markus , Hilger André , Manke Ingo , Cao Ruiguo , Dou Shi Xue , Fan Hong Jin
Published: March 2023

Unstable cathode‐electrolyte and/or anode‐electrolyte interface in polymer‐based sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) will deteriorate their cycle performance. Herein, a unique solvated double‐layer quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte (SDL‐QSPE) with high Na+ ion conductivity is designed to simultaneously improve stability on both cathode and anode sides. Different functional fillers are solvated with plasticizers to improve Na+ conductivity and thermal stability. The SDL‐QSPE is laminated by cathode‐ and anode‐facing polymer electrolyte to meet the independent interfacial requirements of the two electrodes. The interfacial evolution is elucidated by theoretical calculations and 3D X‐ray microtomography analysis. The Na0.67Mn2/3Ni1/3O2|SDL‐QSPE|Na batteries exhibit 80.4 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1 C with the Coulombic efficiency close to 100 %, which significantly outperforms those batteries using the monolayer‐structured QSPE.
Chirale Kontrolle von Molekülen in der Gasphase mittels Mikrowellenpulsen
Authors: Singh Himanshi , Berggötz Freya E. L. , Sun Wenhao , Schnell Melanie
Published: March 2023

Mikrowellen Drei‐Wellen Mischen ist ein bemerkenswerter, neuartiger Ansatz für tief gehende Untersuchungen an chiralen Molekülen. Diese nicht‐lineare und kohärente Technik, die auf resonanten Mikrowellenpulsen basiert, dient als robuste Methode zur Unterscheidung von Enantiomeren chiraler Moleküle und zur Bestimmung des Enantiomerenüberschusses, sogar für komplexe Mischungen chiraler Moleküle. Neben solchen analytischen Anwendungen erlaubt uns die Verwendung maßgeschneiderter Mikrowellenpulse die Kontrolle und Manipulation von Chiralität auf der Molekülebene. Der vorliegende Artikel liefert einen Überblick zu jüngsten Entwicklungen im Bereich des Mikrowellen Drei‐Wellen Mischens und seine Erweiterung zu enantiomerenspezifischem Populationstransfer. Letzteres ist ein entscheidender Schritt in Richtung Enantiomerentrennung – energetisch und schließlich auch räumlich. Im letzten Abschnitt präsentieren wir neue experimentelle Ergebnisse zur Verbesserung des enantiomerenspezifischen Populationstransfers, bei denen wir einen Enantiomerenüberschuss von 40 % in dem Rotationsenergieniveau von Interesse allein mit Hilfe von Mikrowellenpulsen erreichen konnten.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Intermolecular Coupling of 1,1‐Disubstituted Allenes and Aldehydes
Authors: Huang Wei , Bai Jiahui , Guo Yinlong , Chong Qinglei , Meng Fanke
Published: March 2023

Catalytic enantioselective coupling of 1,1‐disubstituted allenes and aldehydes through regiodivergent oxidative cyclization followed by stereoselective protonation or reductive elimination promoted by chiral phosphine‐Co complexes is presented. Such processes represent unprecedented and unique reaction pathways for Co catalysis that enable catalytic enantioselective generation of metallacycles with divergent regioselectivity accurately controlled by chiral ligands, affording a wide range of allylic alcohols and homoallylic alcohols that are otherwise difficult to access without the need of pre‐formation of stoichiometric amounts of alkenyl‐ and allyl‐metal reagents in up to 92 % yield, >98 : 2 regioselectivity, >98 : 2 dr and >99.5 : 0.5 er.
Stereospecific Synthesis of Enantiopure [6]Helicene Containing a Seven‐Membered Ring and [7]Helicene by Acid‐Promoted Stepwise Alkyne Annulations of Doubly Axial‐Chiral Precursors**
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Oki Kosuke , Yamakawa Shoya , Yashima Eiji
Published: March 2023

Enantiopure [6]helicene containing an embedded seven‐membered ring and carbo[7]helicene (>99 % ee) with opposite helicity were simultaneously and quantitatively (>99 %) synthesized with a perfect stereospecificity through stepwise acid‐promoted intramolecular alkyne annulations of doubly axial‐chiral cyclization precursors. The helical handedness of the [6]‐ and [7]helicenes was fully stereocontrolled by the doubly axial chirality of the precursors as a result of complete axial‐to‐helical chirality transfer. The cyclizations proceeded in a stepwise manner; the first six‐membered ring formation was followed by the kinetically controlled seven‐ or six‐membered ring formation with or without helix‐inversion of a [4]helicene intermediate generated during the first cyclization step, thus quantitatively producing enantiopure circularly polarized luminescent [6]‐ and [7]helicenes with opposite helicity.
Chiral Control of Gas‐Phase Molecules using Microwave Pulses
Authors: Singh Himanshi , Berggötz Freya E. L. , Sun Wenhao , Schnell Melanie
Published: March 2023

Microwave three‐wave mixing has emerged as a novel approach for studying chiral molecules in the gas phase. This technique employs resonant microwave pulses and is a non‐linear and coherent approach. It serves as a robust method to differentiate between the enantiomers of chiral molecules and to determine the enantiomeric excess, even in complex chiral mixtures. Besides such analytical applications, the use of tailored microwave pulses allows us to control and manipulate chirality at the molecular level. Here, an overview of some recent developments in the area of microwave three‐wave mixing and its extension to enantiomer‐selective population transfer is provided. The latter is an important step towards enantiomer separation—in energy and finally in space. In the last section, we present new experimental results on how to improve enantiomer‐selective population transfer to achieve an enantiomeric excess of about 40 % in the rotational level of interest using microwave pulses alone.
Manipulating Local Lattice Distortion for Spectrally Stable and Efficient Mixed‐halide Blue Perovskite LEDs
Authors: Zhang Li , Jiang Yuanzhi , Feng Yanxing , Cui Minghuan , Li Saisai , Fu Xinliang , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Qin Chaochao , Yuan Mingjian
Published: March 2023

Mixed‐halide perovskites are considered the most straightforward candidate to realize blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, they suffer severe halide migration, leading to spectral instability, which is particularly exaggerated in high chloride alloying perovskites. Here, we demonstrate energy barrier of halide migration can be tuned by manipulating the degree of local lattice distortion (LLD). Enlarging the LLD degree to a suitable level can increase the halide migration energy barrier. We herein report an “A‐site” cation engineering to tune the LLD degree to an optimal level. DFT simulation and experimental data confirm that LLD manipulation suppresses the halide migration in perovskites. Conclusively, mixed‐halide blue PeLEDs with a champion EQE of 14.2 % at 475 nm have been achieved. Moreover, the devices exhibit excellent operational spectral stability (T50 of 72 min), representing one of the most efficient and stable pure‐blue PeLEDs reported yet.
Tailoring the Asymmetric Structure of NH2‐UiO‐66 Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Light‐promoted Selective and Efficient Gold Extraction and Separation
Authors: Cao Jiazhen , Xu Zhenmin , Chen Yao , Li Shuangjun , Jiang Yue , Bai Lele , Yu Han , Li Hexing , Bian Zhenfeng
Published: March 2023

Designing adsorption materials with high adsorption capacities and selectivities is highly desirable for precious metal recovery. Desorption performance is also particularly crucial for subsequent precious metal recovery and adsorbent regeneration. Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF) material (NH2‐UiO‐66) with an asymmetric electronic structure of the central zirconium oxygen cluster has an exceptional gold extraction capacity of 2.04 g g−1under light irradiation. The selectivity of NH2‐UiO‐66 for gold ions is up to 98.8 % in the presence of interfering ions. Interestingly, the gold ions adsorbed on the surface of NH2‐UiO‐66 spontaneously reduce in situ, undergo nucleation and growth and finally achieve the phase separation of high‐purity gold particles from NH2‐UiO‐66. The desorption and separation efficiency of gold particles from the adsorbent surface reaches 89 %. Theoretical calculations indicate that ‐NH2functions as a dual donor of electrons and protons, and the asymmetric structure of NH2‐UiO‐66 leads to energetically advantageous multinuclear gold capture and desorption. This adsorption material can greatly facilitate the recovery of gold from wastewater and can easily realize the recycling of the adsorbent.
Laparoscopic surgery in a child with a failing Fontan circulation
Authors: Anagnostopoulos A. , Boegli Y. , Perez M. , de Buys Roessingh A. , Di Bernardo S. , Mauron S.
Published: March 2023

A child with early failure of a Fontan circulation was listed for cardiac transplantation and then developed a subhepatic abscess. Surgical drainage was deemed necessary after the failure of an attempted percutaneous procedure. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, a laparoscopic technique was chosen to optimise postoperative recovery. To our knowledge, the literature does not describe any case of laparoscopic surgery in a patient with a failing Fontan circulation. This case report highlights the physiological variations involved with this management strategy, discusses the implications and risks, and offers some recommendations.
The territories of the practices of the trench: Origins, scope, desire
Authors: Tedesco Silvia , Cejas Gustavo
Published: March 2023

Our work with children whose rights have been violated, with their families devastated by family violence and where the majority have been left out of the sociocultural systems and experiencing serious economic and educational difficulties, has taken us to our professional limit. The solitary and individual work, in the dim light of the office, left us without tools. As therapists, we can say that it has been necessary to break with our own mental schemes and to take a leap into the territory, the terrain itself. The learned university theories were questioned, forcing us to include a more humanising and less judgmental look at the work. A psychology of the trench was born for us. This paper articulates a work process that required something more than specific training in our subject matter. It summoned us as human beings capable of hosting suffering. From this starting point, and with an open mind and heart to go through its stages, this process is presented as a journey with advances and setbacks in its intervention modalities, systematising programs in permanent construction. Systematising practices is not an easy task. Familias Cuidando (Caring Families) and Adoptar es Posible (To Adopt is Possible) are the developmental spaces of our trench practices, practices that aim to accompany children, adolescents, and their families through the system of promotion and comprehensive protection of their rights. From Vicente López, a district in the province of Buenos Aires, our psycho‐socio‐educational and legal approach tries to be a link within collaborative and supportive practices; establishing ties, networks, and dialogues to strengthen the new paradigm aiming to support listening to the voice of children and adolescents; rescuing their childhoods, resignifying the different family models, and accompanying the construction of a life project for each one, in which we all fit.
Linear Diophantine equation (LDE) decoder: A training‐free decoding algorithm for multifrequency SSVEP with reduced computation cost
Authors: Mu Jing , Tan Ying , Grayden David B. , Oetomo Denny
Published: March 2023

Multifrequency steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been developed to extend the capability of SSVEP‐based brain‐machine interfaces (BMIs) to complex applications that have large numbers of targets. Even though various multifrequency stimulation methods have been introduced, the decoding algorithms for multifrequency SSVEP are still in early development. The recently developed multifrequency canonical correlation analysis (MFCCA) was shown to be a feasible training‐free option to use in decoding multifrequency SSVEPs. However, the time complexity of MFCCA is shown to be
, which will lead to long computation time as
grows, where
represents the input size in decoding. In this paper, a novel decoding algorithm is proposed with the aim to reduce the time complexity. This algorithm is based on linear Diophantine equation solvers and has a reduced computation cost
while remaining training‐free. Our simulation results demonstrated that linear Diophantine equation (LDE) decoder run time is only one fifth of MFCCA run time under respective optimal settings on 5‐s single‐channel data. This reduced computation cost makes it easier to implement multifrequency SSVEP in real‐time systems. The effectiveness of this new decoding algorithm is validated with nine healthy participants when using dry electrode scalp electroencephalography (EEG).
Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia in patients with primary psychiatric disorder: A magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Tafuri Benedetta , Filardi Marco , Frisullo Maria Elisa , De Blasi Roberto , Rizzo Giovanni , Nigro Salvatore , Logroscino Giancarlo
Published: March 2023

Background

The clinical diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) in patients with a history of primary psychiatric disorder (PPD) is challenging. PPD shows the typical cognitive impairments observed in patients with bvFTD. Therefore, the correct identification of bvFTD onset in patients with a lifetime history of PPD is pivotal for an optimal management.

Methods

Twenty‐nine patients with PPD were included in this study. After clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, 16 patients with PPD were clinically classified as bvFTD (PPD‐bvFTD+), while in 13 cases clinical symptoms were associated with the typical course of the psychiatric disorder itself (PPD‐bvFTD–). Voxel‐ and surface‐based investigations were used to characterize gray matter changes. Volumetric and cortical thickness measures were used to predict the clinical diagnosis at a single‐subject level using a support vector machine (SVM) classification framework. Finally, we compared classification performances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with automatic visual rating scale of frontal and temporal atrophy.

Results

PPD‐bvFTD+ showed a gray matter decrease in thalamus, hippocampus, temporal pole, lingual, occipital, and superior frontal gyri compared to PPD‐bvFTD– (p < .05, family‐wise error‐corrected). SVM classifier showed a discrimination accuracy of 86.2% in differentiating PPD patients with bvFTD from those without bvFTD.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the utility of machine learning applied to structural MRI data to support the clinician in the diagnosis of bvFTD in patients with a history of PPD. Gray matter atrophy in temporal, frontal, and occipital brain regions may represent a useful hallmark for a correct identification of dementia in PPD at a single‐subject level.
Isatuximab in combination with cemiplimab in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A phase 1/2 study
Authors: Lesokhin Alexander , LeBlanc Richard , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Capra Marcelo , Carlo‐Stella Carmelo , Karlin Lionel , Castilloux Jean‐Francois , Forsberg Peter , Parmar Gurdeep , Tosikyan Axel , Pour Ludek , Ribrag Vincent , Ribolla Rossella , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Le Roux Nadia , Dong Liyan , van de Velde Helgi , Mayrargue Laurent , Lépine Lucie , Macé Sandrine , Moreau Philippe
Published: March 2023

Background

Given the incurable nature of multiple myeloma (MM), efforts are made to improve the efficacy of anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies via combinations with other potentially synergistic therapies. This Phase 1/2 trial (NCT03194867) was designed to determine whether cemiplimab (anti‐PD‐1) enhances the anti‐myeloma activity of isatuximab (anti‐CD38) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), to confirm the feasibility of the combination, determine its efficacy, and further evaluate its safety.

Methods

Patients received isatuximab 10 mg/kg once weekly for 4 weeks followed by every 2 weeks (Isa), or isatuximab 10 mg/kg plus cemiplimab 250 mg every 2 (Isa + CemiQ2W) or every 4 weeks (Isa + CemiQ4W).

Results

Overall, 106 patients with RRMM treated with a median of 4 prior lines were included; 25.5% had high‐risk cytogenetics, 63.2% were refractory to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, 26.4% were previously exposed to daratumumab, and 84.0% were refractory to their last treatment line. There were no major changes in the safety or pharmacokinetic profile of isatuximab with the addition of cemiplimab. As assessed by investigators, four patients (11.8%) in the Isa arm, nine patients (25.0%) in the Isa + CemiQ2W arm, and eight patients (22.2%) in the Isa + CemiQ4W arm were responders. Though response rates were numerically higher in cemiplimab‐containing arms, differences were not statistically significant and did not translate to improved progression‐free or overall survival after a median follow‐up of 9.99 months.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a marginal benefit by adding cemiplimab to isatuximab, despite demonstration of target engagement, without additional observed safety issues.
Synthesis and Structural Investigation of Foldamer‐Based Iodine‐Supported Artificial Glycosidases
Authors: Ibukun Olamilekan Joseph , Roy Chowdhury Srayoshi , Mondal Sahabaj , Haldar Debasish
Published: March 2023

Glycosidases are a type of enzyme that hydrolytically cleave carbohydrates and form glycans for biologically important processes. The inadequacies of glycosidases or their genetic abnormalities are responsible for various diseases. Thus, the development of glycosidase mimetics is of great importance. We have designed and synthesized an enzyme mimetic containing l‐phenylalanine, α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), l‐leucine, and m‐Nifedipine. From X‐ray crystallography, the foldamer adopts a β‐hairpin conformation stabilized by two 10‐member and one 18‐member NH⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the foldamer was found to be highly efficient in hydrolysing ethers and glycosides in the presence of iodine at room temperature. Further, X‐ray analysis shows the backbone conformation of the enzyme mimetic to be almost unchanged after the glycosidase reaction. This is the first example of iodine‐supported artificial glycosidase activity with an enzyme mimic at ambient conditions.
Challenging diagnosis of Kimura disease in a child with nephrotic syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hemayati Roya , Binesh Fariba , Pashmchi Mohammad , Mousavi Anary Seyyed Mohammad Kazem , Mohammadi Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Kimura disease (KD) is a rare condition with a challenging diagnosis because it may be misdiagnosed and not differentiated from other disorders. We reported a 13‐year‐old patient who presented with growing neck masses and was hospitalized due to the nephrotic syndrome relapse but was eventually diagnosed with KD.
Jejunal diverticulosis presenting as intestinal obstruction—A case report of a rare association
Authors: khan Munema , Arshad Ruqia , Malik Irfan , Kamran Ali , Gul Fahad , Lee Ka Yiu
Published: March 2023

Jejunal diverticula are rare medical conditions with an incidence of 0.3%–2.5%, mostly discovered perioperatively. Our patient, 60 years old female, presented in an emergency with complaints of constipation, vomiting, abdominal pain, and distension. On examination, her abdomen was markedly distended with generalized tenderness. An erect abdominal X‐ray revealed multiple air‐fluid levels, which suggests small bowel obstruction. A diagnosis of jejunal diverticula was made on exploratory laparotomy. No evidence of granuloma or malignancy was seen on histopathological examination. Segmental resection of the affected jejunum was carried out, followed by end‐to‐end primary anastomosis. The patient was discharged on postoperative Day 6 with complete recovery at 2 weeks follow‐up visit.
Interface Regulation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells through Potassium Citrate Molecules
Authors: Tang Xiaodan , Li Bo , Chen Mengmeng , Li Miao , Zhou Yuanyuan , Jiang Lulu , Liu Hairui
Published: March 2023

Efficiency and stability are key factors determining the final cost of electricity that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) generate. To date, effective strategy to progress in achieving efficient and stable PSCs is still a difficult problem that researchers continue to explore. This study reports a useful way to improve the quality of SnO2 film by introducing potassium citrate (PC) into SnO2 nanoparticles solution. PC passivates interface defects between perovskite and SnO2 layers via the interactions of functional groups (K+, −COO−) in PC with undersaturated Pb and I ions in perovskite and Sn4+ in SnO2. The resultant photovoltaic (PV) device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.79 %. The introduction of PC interface also significantly suppress the degradation of PSCs, by which 87.6 % of initial PCE is maintained after 2850 h storage in ambient environment. Moreover, the devices retained 95.5 % of initial PCE under 1‐sun continuous illumination for 1000 h.
Versatile Metalloporphyrin‐Based Electrochemical Sensing Applications: From Small Gasotransmitters to Macromolecules
Authors: Pschepiurca Matías E. Regueiro , Vadra Nahir , Suarez Sebastian A.
Published: March 2023

At the beginning of his youthful sixth decade, this work is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Fabio Doctorovich. He is distinctive in organometallic chemistry. During his successful career, he has been studying the reactivity and application of metalloporphyrins. Metalloporphyrins are organometallic complexes that exhibit, through synthetic modifications, the ability to tune their optical and electrochemical properties and their selectivity towards a particular molecule or ion. For this reason, they are systems extremely useful as electrochemical sensors to detect and quantify a wide variety of analytes with high selectivity, even in real samples such as food, water, biological fluids, or pharmaceutical compounds. This review presents an up‐to‐date list of reports in which metalloporphyrins are used as electrochemical sensors. In addition to compiling a comprehensive and up‐to‐date list of reported sensors that utilize metalloporphyrins, this work aims to provide an overview of currently available tools and techniques for the detection of various chemical species through similar approaches, which are constantly being developed.
Metal‐Free and Mild Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylquinolines
Authors: Li Shanshan , Wu Xiaotian , Ke Yuxin , Ma Chen
Published: March 2023

We have developed a useful method to synthesize quinoline derivatives, which required no transition metals, no peroxides, and no high temperatures. This method provides a novel and gentle synthetic route for various multifunctional 2,4‐diarylquinolines with good yields.
Characterising mine wastes as archaeological landscapes
Authors: Lawrence Susan , Davies Peter , Hil Greg , Rutherfurd Ian , Grove James , Turnbull Jodi , Silvester Ewen , Colombi Francesco , Macklin Mark
Published: March 2023

Industrial‐scale metal mining has long been a feature of developing economies. Processing ores to recover minerals has generated large quantities of waste rock, tailings and contaminants. Mining‐related deposits, along with associated soil and water geochemistry, river modifications and other environmental changes, are a product of the nature, scale and intensity of past operations. These artefacts of historical mining create anthropogenic landscapes that extend far beyond individual sites due to the dispersal of mine waste by rivers and pose enduring threats to human and ecosystem health. Their presence and significance, however, are often overlooked by heritage and environmental managers. To be acknowledged as artefacts of the historical mining industry, landscape features must be identified and characterised with reference to the human activities that triggered their formation. This requires an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates anthropogenic landscape change at a regional scale. In this paper, we integrate archaeological, geomorphological and geochemical evidence to identify and analyse mining‐related changes to the Loddon River valley in Victoria, Australia. Nineteenth‐century gold mining caused extensive erosion of creeks and gullies and mobilised sediments that filled channels and spread over floodplains. In addition, tailing deposits concentrated arsenic at levels significantly above environmental background conditions. Recognising these legacies of historical mining is vital to understanding mining heritage and to managing healthy rivers, environments and communities.
Distributional effects of perceptional financial scarcity and abundance on food choices
Authors: Huseynov Samir , Palma Marco A. , Segovia Michelle
Published: March 2023

This article enriches the attribute‐based choice literature in economics by providing compelling evidence that inducing perceptional financial scarcity and abundance affects consumer food choices. Our experiment shows that induced financial scarcity reduces the likelihood of purchasing high‐quality low‐calorie food items at a price premium. We also find that income is an important factor that moderates this effect. The low‐income group demonstrates similar purchasing behaviors in the Scarcity and Abundance experimental conditions. However, the high‐income group is more likely to respond to perceptional financial changes.
On the crucial features of a single‐file transport model for ion channels
Authors: Liang Kuo Kan
Published: March 2023

It has long been accepted that the multiple‐ion single‐file transport model is appropriate for many kinds of ion channels. However, most of the purely theoretical works in this field did not capture all of the important features of realistic systems. Nowadays, large‐scale atomic‐level simulations are more feasible. The discrepancy between theories, simulations, and experiments are getting obvious, enabling people to carefully examine the missing parts of the theoretical models and methods. In this work, it is attempted to find out the essential features that such kinds of models should possess, such that the physical properties of an ion channel be adequately reflected.
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. and their effects on the growth of Zea mays seedlings
Authors: Karim Shaheen , Kayani Sadaf , Akhtar Wasim , Fatima Iram , Nazir Munazza , Zaman Wajid
Published: March 2023

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an important step in developing eco‐friendly and environmentally stable tools for ameliorating crop growth. In the current study, AgNPs were synthesized using Funaria hygrometrica and characterized using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The UV spectrum showed an absorption peak at 450 nm. SEM revealed an irregular and spherical morphology, FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of various functional groups, while XRD displayed peaks at 45.24°, 38.17°, 44.34°, 64.54°, and 57.48° 2θ. The effects of the F. hygrometrica‐mediated AgNPs on maize growth and germination were assessed at 0, 100, 300, and 500 ppm. The germination percentage and relative germination rate were increased to 95% ± 1.83% and 100% ± 2.48% at 100 ppm of synthesized AgNPs and then declined at 300 and 500 ppm. The length, fresh weight, and dry matter of the root, shoot, and seedlings were highest at 100 ppm NPs. The plant height, root length, and dry matter stress tolerance indices were also the highest (112.3%, 118.7%, and 138.20% compared with the control) at 100 ppm AgNPs. Moreover, the growth of three maize varieties, that is, NR‐429, NR‐449, and Borlog, were assessed at 0, 20, 40, and 60 ppm F. hygrometrica‐AgNPs. The results indicated the highest root and shoot length at 20 ppm AgNPs. In conclusion, seed priming with AgNPs enhances the growth and germination of maize and can ameliorate crop production globally.

Research Highlights

Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.‐mediated AgNPs were synthesized and characterized.

Biogenic AgNPs influenced the growth and germination of maize seedlings.

All growth parameters were highest at 100 ppm synthesized NPs.
Pelvic morphologies of developmental dysplasia and primary osteoarthritis on range of motion after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Funahashi Hiroto , Osawa Yusuke , Seki Taisuke , Takegami Yasuhiko , Nishida Kazuki , Imagama Shiro
Published: March 2023

Bony impingement, especially in the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) after total hip arthroplasty (THA), may cause dislocation. However, the influence of AIIS characteristics on bony impingement after THA is not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of AIIS with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and primary osteoarthritis (pOA) and to evaluate its effect on range of motion (ROM) after THA. Hips from 130 patients who underwent THA, including pOA were analyzed. In total, we had 27 male and 27 female participants with pOA, and 38 male and 38 female participants with DDH. The horizontal distances of AIIS from teardrop (TD) were compared. In the computed tomography simulation, flexion ROM was measured, and its relationship to the distance between TD and AIIS was investigated. DDH had a more medial (male: DDH, 36.9 ± 5.8; pOA, 45.5 ± 6.1; p < 0.001) (female: DDH, 31.5 ± 10.0; pOA, 36.2 ± 4.7; p < 0.001) position of AIIS than pOA. In the male with pOA group, flexion ROM was significantly smaller than that in the other groups, and there was a correlation between flexion ROM and horizontal distances (r = −0.543; 95% confidence interval = −0.765 to −0.206; p = 0.003). AIIS position is a factor that limits ROM during flexion after THA, particularly in males. Further studies are required to develop surgical strategies for cases of impingement at the AIIS site after THA. Level of evidence: Ш, retrospective comparative study.
Transient inhibition of meniscus cell migration following acute inflammatory challenge
Authors: Lemmon Elisabeth A. , Bonnevie Edward D. , Patel Jay M. , Miller Liane M. , Mauck Robert L.
Published: March 2023

Meniscus tears represent a common orthopedic injury that often requires surgery to restore pain‐free function. The need for surgical intervention is due, in part, to the inflammatory and catabolic environment that inhibits meniscus healing after injury. In other organ systems, healing is dependent on the migration of cells to the site of injury; however, in the meniscus, it is currently unknown how the microenvironment dictates cell migration in the postinjury inflamed setting. Here, we investigated how inflammatory cytokines alter meniscal fibrochondrocyte (MFC) migration and sensation of microenvironmental stiffness. We further tested whether an FDA approved interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra; Anakinra) could rescue migratory deficits caused by inflammatory challenge. When cultured in the presence of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α] or interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β]) for 1 day, MFC migration was inhibited for 3 days before returning to control levels at Day 7. This migratory deficit was clear in three‐dimensional as well, where fewer MFCs exposed to inflammatory cytokines migrated from a living meniscal explant compared with control. Notably, addition of IL‐1Ra to MFCs previously exposed to IL‐1β restored migration to baseline levels. This study demonstrates that joint inflammation can have negative impacts on meniscus cell migration and mechanosensation, affecting their potential for repair, and that resolution of this inflammation with concurrent anti‐inflammatories can reverse these deficits. Future work will apply these findings to mitigate the negative consequences of joint inflammation and promote repair in a clinically relevant meniscus injury model.
Factors affecting the soil organic carbon pool in marshes along the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet, China
Authors: Zhang Zhongsheng , Zhang Xuehui , Xue Zhenshan , Wu Haitao
Published: March 2023

Marshes in high plateaus are critical in governing carbon cycle because of their huge but labile soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, which of even a small proportion of carbon contained in SOC can lead to high variations in the atmospheric CO2 levels. The Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) is the world's highest river, flowing from west to east across Tibet. There are widespread alpine marshes and meadows along the YZR basin, with huge SOC storage but extremely vulnerable to climate change. However, few studies were carried out to explore the potential effects of environmental factors on SOC pool along the YZR. In the present work, effects of climate, plant biomass, soil nutrients, and molecular features of organic matter on SOC storage were systematically evaluated. Results indicated that SOC contents varied from 0.86% to 29.68%, with an average of 7.29%, and an estimated 5887 Gg (109g) of carbon was stored in marsh soils along the YZR. Soil accretion rates ranged from 1.66 to 2.73 mm yr−1, while carbon sequestration rates ranged from 43.65 gC m−2 yr−1 to 125.4 gC m−2 yr−1, with an average of 75.89 gC m−2 yr−1. It was estimated that 34.58 Gg of carbon was sequestrated by wetlands along the YZR every year. The abundance of lignin‐derived components, total nitrogen, and soil moisture contents (SWC) were the main drivers promoting SOC contents. SOC storage was significantly related to mean annual temperature (Temp) but decreased with the ratio of annual precipitation (Pre) to Temp. Compared with the chemical decomposition resistance of organic matter, more SOC variations arose from climate, and climate warming had adverse impacts on SOC pool. SWC were proved to be the most powerful promoter of SOC increase. Rising temperatures are expected to have a detrimental impact on SOC storage when the climate is warming in the future.
Restoration of agroecosystems with conservation agriculture for food security to achievesustainabledevelopment goals
Authors: Kumawat Anita , Yadav Devideen , Srivastava Pankaj , Babu Subhash , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Deepak , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Sharma V. K. , Madhu M.
Published: March 2023

Currently, agroecosystems sustainability is mainly challenged by unsustainable agricultural practices that lead to land degradation and amplified climate change. About 25% of the World's total land area has deteriorated due to improper agricultural land management, resulting in ~24 billion tonnes of annual soil loss. Globally, soil erosion, mainly caused by high‐frequency tilling, crop residue removal or burning, poor pasture management, and inefficient crop rotations, is responsible for >40% of total land deterioration problems. Conservation agriculture (CA) seeks minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation, which are indispensable for soil fertility restoration, carbon stabilization, increased soil biodiversity, and sustainable food production. In the last decades, the global annual adoption rate of CA was 7 M ha yr−1. CA‐based soil and crop management practices enhanced water productivity, soil organic carbon, crop productivity, and energy use efficiency by 18%–66%, 12%–93%, 3.8%–76.2%, and 8.9%–40.2%, respectively, over conventional practices under diverse agroecosystems in India. Hence, adopting CA can avert/minimize the problem of land degradation and food insecurity by improving crop productivity and decreasing soil erosion, energy use, and carbon emission, besides maintaining soil physicochemical and biological health. Moreover, CA can be a sustainable way to ensure global food demand, achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), and restore soil health, and multiple agroecosystem services. This study aims to provide in‐depth insights into the role of CA in restoring agroecosystem services, attaining SDGs, and ensuring global food security.
A comparison and coupling of two novel sensors for intertidal bed‐level dynamics observation
Authors: Xu Tianping , Hu Zhan , Gong Wenping , Willemsen Pim W. J. M. , Borsje Bas W. , van Hespen Rosanna , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: March 2023

Previous studies have revealed the importance of short‐term bed‐level change on the long‐term development of intertidal ecosystems. One of the recent advancements in the short‐term bed dynamics observation is the developments of laser‐based surface elevation dynamics (LSED) and acoustic surface elevation dynamics (ASED) sensors. These two sensors are developed to automatically monitor tidally induced bed‐level changes, and their measuring windows are during emergent and submerged periods, respectively. So far, there is no direct comparison or joint application of these two sensors. Therefore, in the current study, we first compare their observation precision in both laboratory and field conditions. Results show that both sensors' measurements are in good agreement with the manual measurements in the flume (R2 > 0.99) and field (R2 ≈ 0.70), indicating the applicability of each sensor in natural environment. Finally, a coupled system (i.e., combining LSED and ASED) is established in a mangrove wetland and both sensors show good agreement with each other (R2 = 0.69). Results also demonstrate that the coupled observation system can well capture the bed‐level change during emergent and submerged conditions, which provides detailed continuous data sets to study the bed‐level dynamics within a tidal cycle. Furthermore, large‐scale monitoring systems can also be established via mobile network module embedded in the sensor, providing real‐time monitoring for bed‐level changes, which is valuable to coastal morphological research and vital for detecting deterioration of coastal ecosystems and the services they provide to be able to apply adaptive management.
From warrior to guardian: An autoethnographic study of how consumers think about and interact with the natural world
Authors: Hannah David , Ferreira Caitlin , Pitt Leyland
Published: March 2023

Consumers are increasingly concerned about how their interactions with the natural world affect both the health of that environment, and their own well‐being and enjoyment of life. More aware consumers seek to make sense of the natural world around them and consider how their consumer behavior impacts this environment. How actors notice and bracket ecologically material cues from a stream of experience and build connections and causal networks between these has been referred to as ecological sensemaking. This research examines ecological sensemaking in a specific context, that being in the experience of catch‐and‐release fishing. Data were gathered through a process of autoethnographic inquiry obtained over the course of four fishing trips. The results reflect the process of ecological sensemaking pertaining to the experience. Through the findings, we propose a new concept, ecological reasoning, which seeks to provide a critical link between ecological sensemaking and ecological embeddedness. Using this new concept, the research contributes to extant understanding of how consumers think about and interact with the natural world. Apart from constructing an overarching narrative of the experience, four subnarratives are also identified, in a chronological sequence that comprises the entire experience of catch‐and‐release fishing. The findings have implications for the broader management and marketing disciplines seeking to establish better ways of interacting with the natural world, both for themselves and their consumers.
Single breath‐hold CINE imaging with combined simultaneous multislice and region‐optimized virtual coils
Authors: Kim Daeun , Coll‐Font Jaume , Lobos Rodrigo A. , Stäb Daniel , Pang Jianing , Foster Anna , Garrett Thomas , Bi Xiaoming , Speier Peter , Haldar Justin P. , Nguyen Christopher
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of combining simultaneous multislice (SMS) and region‐optimized virtual coils (ROVir) for single breath‐hold CINE imaging.

Method

ROVir is a recent virtual coil approach that allows reduced‐field of view (FOV) imaging by localizing the signal from a region‐of‐interest (ROI) and/or suppressing the signal from unwanted spatial regions. In this work, ROVir is used for reduced‐FOV SMS bSSFP CINE imaging, which enables whole heart CINE with a single breath‐hold acquisition.

Results

Reduced‐FOV CINE with either SMS‐only or ROVir‐only resulted in significant aliasing, with severely reduced image quality when compared to the full FOV reference CINE, while the visual appearance of aliasing was substantially reduced with the proposed SMS+ROVir. The end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, and ejection fraction obtained using the proposed approach were similar to the clinical reference (correlations of 0.92, 0.94, and 0.88, respectively with in each case, and biases of 0.1, 1.6 mL, and , respectively). No statistically significant differences for these parameters were found with a Wilcoxon rank test (p = 0.96, 0.20, and 0.40, respectively).

Conclusion

We demonstrated that reduced‐FOV CINE imaging with SMS+ROVir enables single breath‐hold whole‐heart imaging without compromising visual image quality or quantitative cardiac function parameters.