bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor’s Estimation and Validation from Galenical Form by RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Mankar Swapnali Suresh , Younas Muhammad , Kalode Vaishavi , Jirvankar Pranita , Phutane Prasanna , Chandewar Shital , Armarkar Ashwini , Pethe Anil
Published: December 2021

Aim: The recent analysis is required to do novel and simple, sensitive, precise, efficient, instant and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for estimation of antidiabetic drug in the unit dosage form. Validation of this method is also planned to make it suitable for the actual use.

Study Design: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences deemed to be university, Wardha in collaboration with Balkh university, Mazar-e-sharif, Afghanistan between August 2021 and December 2021.

Methodology: In that article develop the method and validate it by estimation of antidiabetic drugs in solid dosage form by RP-HPLC, by using System suitability test, Repeatability, Precision studies (Intra-day and Interday/Intermediate), Linearity/Calibration studies, Robustness, Force degradation, Specificity, Drug recovery/accuracy studies.

Results: as per ICH guidelines, the performance if system suitability in remogliflozin were achieved all guidelines; in that, tailing factor (T),separation factors(α),theoretical plates(N),capacity  factor (k’), resolution (R) and RSD (%). The validated stress degradation studies under thermal, oxidative, alkali and acid, in few degradation products for remogliflozin (REM).

Conclusion: From the results we conclude that, this novel technique which validated for exploration by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) should be used for routine quality control of remogliflozin (REM) prediction from developed formulation.
Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Pharmacy Students from Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaaddin Rahaf Nabil , Ibrahim Nahla Khamis , Kadi Mai
Published: December 2021

Introduction: There is an increasing concern about the effect of mental diseases on academic performance, especially among students from the health specialties. However, very limited studies were done on depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students in Makkah. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students from Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students from both genders in 2018/2019. A standardized self-administered data collection sheet was used. It contained information about the personal, socio-demographic data, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence (SSREI) scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were done. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students was high; 62.8%, 59.0%, and 49.2%, respectively. Younger students suffered more from stress compared to older students. In regression analysis, academic stress was associated with the increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. However, good general life satisfaction is a predictor of decreasing depression, anxiety, and stress. Better emotional intelligence is also a predictor of decreased depression (aOR = 0.195; 95% CI: 0.09-0.42) and stress (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.21-0.72). A longer duration of physical exercise is another predictor for lowering stress.

Conclusion:  The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was high among pharmacy students. Academic stress was a predictor for depression, anxiety, and stress. General life satisfaction and high EI were protective from the three mental illnesses. A longer duration of physical exercise is a predictor for decreasing stress. Screening programs are needed for the detection and management of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students. Psychosocial and academic support services are needed for the management of academic stress. Training courses and educational programs are needed for improving the EI of pharmacy students. Encourage the practicing a longer duration of physical activities is needed.
Forced Degradation Study for Simultaneous Quantification of Aspirin and Omeprazole in Pharmaceutical Dosage form by RP-HPLC
Authors: Chandarana Chandni , Kapupara Pankaj , Prajapati Parixit
Published: December 2021

Aims: To study force degradation of aspirin and omeprazole simultaneously by RP-HPLC method

Study design: RP-HPLC method was used to measure % degradation.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at center of excellence, G.I.D.C., vapi-396195, Gujarat, India between June 2019 to march 2020.

Methodology: A force degradation study of aspirin and omeprazole was carried out simultaneously. The drugs were subjected to various degradation conditions like hydrolysis by acid and base, Oxidative degradation, and thermal degradation study.

Results: For acidic condition, the degradation was found to be 32.63 % for aspirin and 61.64 % for omeprazole. For basic condition, the degradation was found to be 10.17 % for aspirin and 4.29 % for omeprazole. By oxidative hydrolysis, the aspirin was degraded by 15.48 % and omeprazole was degraded by 26.38 %. By thermal degradation, 0.37 % degradation was observed for aspirin and 4.32 % degradation for omeprazole.

Conclusion: In this proposed method the retention time for drug is less than 8 min, which is less then available method. For omeprazole, strong degradation was observed in acidic conditions and mild in basic hydrolysis conditions. For aspirin, more degradation was observed in basic conditions than acidic hydrolysis. Both drugs were degraded in oxidative conditions using 3% H2O2. Omeprazole degraded more than aspirin by dry heat degradation. The method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of both Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.
Nursing Skill and Responsibility in Administration of Injection Actilyse
Authors: Wanjari Mayur B. , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha
Published: December 2021

Actilyse can break blood clots that form in the heart, blood arteries, or lungs during a heart attack. This medication is also given to stroke patients to improve recovery and reduce the likelihood of impairment. Recombinant DNA technology was used to create Activase, a tissue plasminogen activator. It is a sterile, purified glycoprotein of 527 amino acids. It is made by combining complementary DNA (cDNA) from a human melanoma cell line with the natural human tissue-type plasminogen activator. After reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, Activase is a sterile, white to off-white lyophilized powder for intravenous injection.
Effectual Physiotherapy Treatment in a 16 Year Old Case of Atrial Septal Defect- A Single Case Study
Authors: Daga Shreya , Walke Rashmi , Bhakaney Pallavi R. , Vishnuvardhan . , Kumbhare Ruhi , Jain Moli
Published: December 2021

Background: Paediatric cardiac surgeries have an immense survival rate and rehabilitation plays a major role in such cases. Many patients are diagnosed with septal defects or valve defects at birth which come sunder cardiac surgeries.

Case Presentation: This is a case of 16 year old boy who had atrial septal defect and underwent atrial septal defect closure.

Investigations: 2D echocardiography revealed atrial septal defect.

Management: Physiotherapy intervention included patient education, breathing retraining, airway clearance techniques, positioning, and psychological support and mobility program. Outcome measures have shown enhancement in functional independence and performance of activities of daily living.

Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggest that paediatric cardiac rehabilitation found to play a pivotal role in managing a patient who had atrial septal defect.
Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential of Aqueous Extract of Ferula Asafoetida
Authors: Gopika G. G. , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S.
Published: December 2021

Background: Ferula asafoetida is a dried latex that is exuded from rhizome or taproot species. Organosulfides are primarily responsible for flavour and odour of asafoetida.Ferula asafoetida is a natural medicine good for asthma and bronchitis. is also used to relieve stomach gas, digestive issues. It is usually added while cooking to  hormonise the sweet, sour, salty, spicy taste of the food. Increased activity of xanthine oxidase is involved in the medical condition known as gout, which is characterized by hyperuricemia that leads to deposition of uric acid in the joints resulting in painful inflammation.

Aim: To analyse the anti-oxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of aqueous extract of Ferula asafoetida.

Materials and Methods: Preparation of the aqueous seed extract of Ferula asafoetida  done by hot percolation method. Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential was done by standard procedures. The data were analyzed statistically by a one - way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.

Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that the extract is rich in phytoconstituents. DPPH radical scavenging activity established the potent in vitro antioxidant activity (p<0.05) of Ferula asafoetida extract. The extract was also efficient in inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme (p<0.05) in a concentration dependent manner.

Discussion: The extract has potent antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential, although the activities are less compared to the standard drug.

Conclusion: The Ferula asafoetida extract can be used to treat gout and to combat various other disorders associated with xanthine oxidase activity.
Intra-Hepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Its Consequences: A Review
Authors: Hingankar Yugandhara , Taksande Vaishali
Published: December 2021

Background: The most common cause of liver illness in pregnancy is intrahepatic cholestasis (IHCP). It has a varying incidence due to geographic variance; factors such as advanced age, multiple pregnancy, family history, and previous pregnancy cholestasis have demonstrated a higher prevalence in these patients. Cholestasis in pregnancy has an aetiology that is currently unknown. It usually occurs after ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in early pregnancy and coincides with growing oestrogen levels in the second half of pregnancy [1]. The ABCB4 gene mutation is largely associated in a subtype of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, where disease clustering in first-degree relatives increases hereditary predisposition. Itchy palms and soles with elevated liver enzymes and bile acids are the most common symptoms. Some of the reported maternal problems in these patients include preterm labour, HELLP syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and postpartum haemorrhage [2]. There are no precise antenatal foetal monitoring tests that can predict foetal fatalities in the womb. To reduce perinatal death with expectant treatment beyond this gestation, it is recommended that a pregnancy be terminated near 36–37 weeks of pregnancy.
COVID-19 Vaccination Status amongst College Students and Staff during Offline Classes
Authors: Padma A. Sai , Babu N. Chandan
Published: December 2021

Aim: To understand the status of COVID-19 vaccination amongst students and staff during offline classes.

Study Design: Questionnaire with open ended questions was sent to participants through social media.

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad from 12th-15th September, 2021.

Methodology: Questionnaire was sent to all staff members, second and third year students of undergraduate and first year students of post graduate programmes who were attending classes during the study period. Total 1263 responses were received out of approximately 2500 students.

Results: The survey results have shown that 1128 participants (89.3%) out of 1263 have received vaccination and out of them, 742 participants (65.78%) have received single dose of vaccine and 386 (34.22%) participants have received two doses. Majority of them have received Covishield (74.5%), followed by Covaxin (24.11%).

Conclusion: The present study necessitates all educational institutions to conduct similar kind of studies to understand the current status of vaccination and safety measures taken by students and staff during Covid-19 pandemic during offline classes. This will help to keep the campuses safe and prevent further spread of infection to avoid third wave of corona virus.
Assess the Level of Stress during Covid-19 Pandemic among 10th and 12th Standard Students
Authors: Thakare Isha , Sakharkar Sheetal , Udan Ankita , Telrandhe Vaishnavi , Tapase Saurabh
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on school children especially in their academic performance which may affect their mental health. The College students bear more pressure and have more serious physical and mental health problems. Due to the recent social changes in the education domain (e.g., the sharing of educational resources and advances in communication technology), the use of distance education is more and more, which changes the communication patterns between teachers and students, increases the isolation and  independence of students, and thus becomes an important source of pressure for students [1].

Aim of the Study: To assess the level of stress during COVID-19 pandemic among the students of 10th and 12th standard. 2. To associate the level of stress during COVID-19 pandemic among the students of 10th and 12th standard with demographic variables.

Methodology: An descriptive study will be use to assess the level of stress during COVID-19 pandemic among the 10th and 12th standard students in Wardha, Maharashtra. A purposive sampling technique will be use to pick the sample. A total 100 students who met the inclusion criteria will be select for this study. A Perceived Stress Scale was created to assess the stress.

Expected Results: This study is mainly planned to assess the level of stress in students of 10th and 12th standard with the help of Perceived Stress Scale and demographic variables.

Conclusion: Final conclusion will be drawn from final result of the statistical review.
Long COVID Syndrome Presenting as Hyperferritenemia Associated Toxic Encephalopathy in a Deferoxamine Compliant Patient of Beta Thalassemia
Authors: Patel Sujal , Talwar Dhruv , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Patel Mansi
Published: December 2021

Ferritin overload is a frequent problem encountered in patients with beta thalassemia amounting to various complications. One of rare but important complication of ferritin overload is ferritin overload induced toxic encephalopathy. Serum ferritin has been recognised as a important marker of inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID19.We present a case of Long COVID syndrome presenting as toxic encephalopathy in a case of beta thalassemia in spite of the patient being compliant to desferroxamine therapy.This report highlights the synergistic effect of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. 2(SARS CoV 2) mediated neuroinflammation through direct viral invasion and the release of inflammatory cytokines including ferritin  resulting in toxic encephalopathy in a beta thalassemia major patient who was already prone to develop hyperferritenemia.Ferritin functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and it’s level increases in both thalassemia and COVID-19 and the index case presented here had both the conditions predisoposing him to develop toxic encephalopathy even after being compliant to deferoxamine therapy. It is important to recognise and treat this condition in order to prevent mortality and morbidity in patients of beta thalassemia who contract COVID19.
Preventive Recommendations to Reduce the Impact of Poor Ergonomics on Children during Online Learning
Authors: Meshram Khushbu , Tembhare Vaishali , Taksande Archana , Pohekar Savita , Kasturkar Pooja , Sakharkar Sheetal , Wankhede Darshanakumari , Sakharwade Prerana
Published: December 2021

The term 'ergonomics' and 'human factors' are interchangeable, 'ergonomics' is generally used in regard to physical features of the workplace, such as workstations and control panels, whilst 'human factors' is generally used in regard to the larger system in which people co-operate. This COVID 19 pandemic impact make the children to stay at home only and government of India has been supported the online education for the children and because of that change the whole learning system in India. While attending the classes at home mostly the parents don’t have that much knowledge regarding ergonomics to prevent the lot of physical as well as mental health problems, impact of poor ergonomics kids faced lot of problems like headache, back pain, knee pain, eye irritation etc as we called as repetitive strain injuries and musculoskeletal health has been deteriorated.

Conclusion: Parents and teachers do not appear to involve schoolchildren in conversations about safe computing behaviors, which might be due to their own lack of understanding of computer ergonomics and also the impact of COVID 19 Pandemic drastically affect the children’s schooling and have to learn at home through the online education system. Ergonomic education should also include into the school curriculum as future necessity.
Case Report on Sickle Cell Anaemia (SS Pattern)
Authors: Waghaye Mayur , Sakharkar Sheetal , Gujar Samrudhi , Morey Swapna , Dhengare Archana , Sakharwade Prerna , Kumari Darshana , Kasturkar Pooja , Naik Madhuri
Published: December 2021

Sickle cell anemia is a kind of hemolytic anemia that is passed down in families. It is a kind of hemolytic anemia caused by inheriting the sickle hemoglobin gene. Africans, as well as individuals from the Middle East, the Mediterranean region, and India's aboriginal tribes, have a lower level of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) gene. A kind of anemia that affects both children and adults is sickle cell anemia.

Clinical Finding: Since 5 days, A 25-year-old man has been experiencing generalized bodily pain and anxiety.

Examining the Problem: ALT (SGPT)- 97 U/L, AST (SGOT)- 56 U/L, total bilirubin – 5.4 mg percent, bilirubin conjugated – 1.7 mg percent, bilirubin unconjugated – 3.7 mg percent, total    RBC count – 3.71 million/cu mm, total WBC count – 22100 cu mm, total platelets count – 6.46 lack/cu.

Ultrasonography: Heterogeneous spleen.

Therapeutic Intervention: Inj. Piptaz 4.5 gm TDS, inj. Levoflox 500 mg, tab. Hydroxyurea 500 mg, tab. Neurobion forte, inj. Pan 40 mg, inj. Tramadol 100 mg.

Outcome: The client's condition has improved as a result of the treatment. He has no longer generalized bodily aches, and his anxiety levels have decreased.

Conclusion: A 25-year-old man was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Hospital's Medicine ward with a history of sickle cell anaemia and complaints of nonspecific body aches and anxiousness. His condition improved after he received proper therapy.
Neuroimaging Assessment of Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Yusupovna Khalimova Zamira , Talatovna Azimova Ozoda
Published: December 2021

Aggressive pituitary adenomas (APA) are adenomas that show rapid growth, invasiveness, frequent or multiple relapses, or are resistant to conventional therapies. Clinical-imaging assessment of aggressive pituitary adenomas with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in early prediction, further disease outcomes and aggressive behavior of adenomas.

Purpose of the Study: was to assess the correlation of neuroimaging data with the hormonal activity of APA.

Materials and Methods: The study included 74 patients with aggressive pituitary adenomas. The average age of the patients was from 12 to 69. The patients underwent a basal assessment of the level of pituitary hormones: prolactin (PRL), GH (growth hormone), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and blood cortisol by the RIA method, as well as an MRI study. Knop's classification was used to assess the invasion.

Results: The hormonal workup showed prevalence of inactive pituitary adenomas among aggressive adenomas. No correlation was found between the hormonal activity of aggressive adenomas and the volume of pituitary adenomas. Moreover, MRI data indicated that invasion into the cavernous sinus of the III degree and heterogeneity of the adenoma may be considered equivalents of aggressiveness.

Conclusion: The established patterns support the need for visualization assessment of aggressive pituitary adenomas and strongly suggest the evaluation of the degree of aggression based on tumor heterogenecity, chiasm compression, hypo- and iso-intensity in T1 mode and hyperintensity in T2 modes.
A Case of Small Bowel Intimation with Sepsis
Authors: Sontakke Sanjana , Alwadkar Sagar , Wanjari Mayur
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ failure that occurs in severely ill patients as a result of a primary infectious cause or subsequent infection of injured tissues. The systemic effects of sepsis have been extensively studied, and evidence of local alterations and repercussions in the intestinal mucosal compartment is gradually characterizing sepsis-related changes in the gut. The current study focuses on sepsis-induced intestinal barrier failure, which includes increased epithelial permeability, which may allow bacterial translocation. The small bowel, commonly known as the small intestine, is roughly 1 inch in diameter and 20 to 30 feet long. It has a lot of folds to help it fit inside the abdominal cavity. The small bowel is connected to the stomach on one end and the big intestine on the other.

Patient information: He was 63 years old male admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural hospital sawangi meghe Wardha in MICU ward with chief complaints of altering sensorium. Low urine output vomiting, loss of appetite, swelling of the abdomen crampy abdominal pain that comes and goes.

The Main Diagnosis, Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: A CT scan revealed a thicker transverse colon wall. His flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed “patchy inflammation and an isolated area of severe deep ulceration with nodularity and edema,” according to the report. The patient was given a preliminary diagnosis of "Inflammatory Bowel Disease—likely Crohn's," and was treated with steroids and Patient was done colonoscopy and course of inj. hydrocortisone, inj. Neomol, inj. levipril.

Conclusion: In the case of acute small-bowel obstruction, helical CT is a highly sensitive approach for diagnosing or ruling out intestinal ischemia. In patients with significant trauma who are being assessed for sepsis of unknown origin, abdominal computed tomographic scans accurately identify intra-abdominal foci of infection. This patient was diagnosed with small bowel intimation and sepsis.
Spectrum of Lesions in the Fallopian Tubes – A Histopathogical Study
Authors: Palani Maanasa , Harikrishnan Volga
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The Fallopian tubes are a pair of narrow tubular structures connecting the ovary and the uterus. It is usually the site of fertilization and plays a very important role in the fusion of the sperm and ovary and helps in movement of the fertilized zygote to the uterus. Even though being an organ of very small size the importance of the variety of lesions occurring in the fallopian tubes is often not considered. Biopsies of the fallopian tubes are taken to show the different lesions found in the tubes.

Aim: The main aim of the study is to study the spectrum of lesions occurring in the fallopian tubes and correlation of these findings with its clinical parameters.

Study Design: This is a retrospective descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai between June 2019- December 2019.

Methodology: A retrospective study of all the fallopian tube specimens sent for routine histopathological analysis over a period of 6 months was carried out. The different pathological lesions were observed from the relevant clinical data and the correlation with its clinical parameters was done.

Results: A sample size of 77 specimens was collected among which the commonest age group which was found to have the highest number of lesions was between 26-30 years. This was found to be in correlation to the reproductive age group of women. The most common form of pathological lesion observed was ectopic pregnancy (about 46% of total pathological lesions), followed by Paratubal cysts (23%), Hydrosalpinx (15%) and Hematosalpinx (8%). Cystadenoma was the only benign tumor observed in this study and constituted 8% of the total pathological lesions.

Conclusion: This study shows the importance of histopathological examination of all fallopian tube specimens with or without abnormal findings.
Histopathological Spectrum of Breast Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Centre and its Association with ABO Blood Grouping and Rh Typing
Authors: Mitila T. , Subramanian P. S. Muthu , Srinivasan Chitra , Chander Vimal
Published: December 2021

Background: Globally, breast cancer contributes to 27.7% of the newly diagnosed cases of cancer among women. Early screening and timely diagnosis of the lesions of breast help in alleviating the anxiety among patients. Histopathology is the gold standard in diagnosing the lesions, assessing the adequacy of treatment, and in disease prognosis. Studies have shown that ABO blood type has been associated with risk and survival for several malignancies. However, data for an association with breast cancer are inconsistent.

Aim: To study the histopathological spectrum breast carcinomas and to investigate the presence of a possible association between breast cancer in women and ABO blood group and Rh factor.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was done for a period of 4 years on 110 mastectomy specimens histopathologically diagnosed as breast cancers, and clinico-pathological data collected and analysed with records from the Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College. Association of breast cancer with ABO blood grouping and Rh typing was studied.

 Results: Left breast was involved in most cases (96.4%). The mean age was 50.86 years, with 41-50 years age group showing peak incidence. Infiltrating breast carcinoma, no special type (89.6%) was the most common histological type. ER and PR positivity was seen in 46.4% and 41.8% of cases respectively. A statistically significant association was seen between hormone receptor status and histological grade. 39.1% cases belonged to O blood group, and Rh positivity was seen in 96.4% of the cases. No association was found between breast cancer and ABO/Rh blood grouping.
An Efficient Synthesis of Anti-spasmodic Drug Mebeverine Hydrochloride
Authors: Phanikumar V. S. R. N. , Sharma G. Veera Raghava
Published: December 2021

An efficient synthetic process for an antispasmodic drug and active pharmaceutical ingredient of Mebeverine hydrochloride 1 is reported in this communication. It is used for stomach cramps and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The treatment for irritable bowel syndrome involves lot of drugs like (Dicyclomine hydrochloride, Linaclotide.etc) available in market, but Mebeverine hydrochloride (1) is most effective than any other drug. Earlier manufacturing 1 process reported yield < 46% and used high volumes of reagents and expensive catalyst. We developed new commercial process for 1 with economically, environmentally favored conditions. Proposed synthetic route contains three stages with overall yield of 77% and Purity by HPLC NLT 99.7%.
Measurement of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels, PT and APTT among HIV Infected Patients: A Critical Bio-Marker for Coagulation Dysfunctions
Authors: Ahmed Allageya Yousif Khailfa , Gaufri Nasr Eldeen Ali Mohammed , Abdelgani Sara , Eltayeb Lienda Bashier
Published: December 2021

Background: The literature stated that Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection led to activation of coagulation, and habitually linked with an augmented risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. So the purpose of the study was to determine the plasma fibrinogen level in Sudanese HIV-infected patients.

Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred participants were recruited, and classified into two groups; the case group include (50) HIV patients, and the control group enrolled (50) healthy individuals. Three ml of blood was collected. Fresh Poor Plasma was prepared from citrated venous blood by centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3000 pm. Fibrinogen levels were measured by an automated coagulation analyzer (Thrombolyzer XRC Germany). Data were collected using a directly structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21. 

Results: The present study showed that the mean of plasma fibrinogen levels was statistically significantly higher in HIV infection in comparison with those normal healthy control (470.50 ±67.75 vs 214.75±21.25 with P-value 0.00). There was a significantly decreased level of PT, and PTT among the HIV group comparing with the control (9.575±0.64, and 22.39±4.94) VS (12.483±0.72, and 30.78±3.55) consequently, (P-value ≤0.001). Fibrinogen levels were significantly increased with the progression of HIV disease (469.84 ±67.15, 472.74 ±87.75, 478.47 ±61.92) in stage I, stage II, and stage III respectively.

Conclusions: An HIV-infected patient had elevated plasma fibrinogen levels, as well as other coagulation dysfunctions.
Comparison of NS1 Antigen Detection by Rapid Immunochromatography Test and ELISA for Early Diagnosis of Dengue at a Government General Hospital, Ananthapuramu
Authors: Naidu Adireddi Paradesi , Saikumar Chitralekha , Sumathi G. , Victor Kalavathy , Muthiah N. S.
Published: December 2021

Background: The incidence of Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome associated with Dengue can be reduced by diagnosing Dengue early and by initiating early treatment to Dengue patients. This study was conducted to compare results of NS1 antigen rapid test and ELISA in clinically suspected dengue patients.

Materials and Methods: Present study was a comparative study conducted on 100 Patients presented with clinical history of Dengue. At Microbiology Laboratory, serum of all samples was assessed for NS1 detection using antigen Rapid test and ELISA.  Sensitivity & specificity values were calculated for NS1 antigen rapid test, compared with ELISA.

Results: Out of 100 serum samples collected from suspected cases of Dengue in and around Anantapuramu, 30 (30%) were positive for ELISA and 28 (28%) were positive for Rapid diagnostic test. Sensitivity & specificity when only NS1 was considered on rapid test kits when compared with ELISA were 93.33%, 98.57%,

Conclusion: It is concluded that ELISA test was superior in the diagnosis of Dengue and recommended on improvement in sensitivity of RDTs.
Pharmaceutical Management of General Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Hafiz Rehab , Fairaq Khawlah , Alfawzan Lama , Alharazi Sharaf , Alrsheed Atheer , Alzahrani Abeer , Sultan Faris , Alhuthail Aroob , Bashaikh Hanin , Alsomali Norah , Alwafi Sohaib , Bukhari Mohammed , Aljuhani Turky
Published: December 2021

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder defined as excessive worrying over little things. It is a one of the most common types of anxiety disorders. A study stated that 1-5% of the general population suffers from GAD.  The condition affects the quality of life of a patient negatively and activities in their everyday life. In this review article, we highlighted several studies that compared combined therapy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy to either therapy alone, results were conflicting and differ from one study to another.  Provide a thorough and comprehensive review of the different approaches of GAD management, several database websites were searched for articles discussing the pharmacological management of general anxiety disorder. Clinical trials, clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and review articles were all reviewed and considered for inclusion. The review emphasizes the importance of taking the decision of therapy after counseling the patient, taking into account, the cost effectiveness of the treatment, patient’s symptomatology, comorbidity, medical conditions, concomitant using medications, previous trials and preference. Accordingly, thorough assessment should be done before moving to management plan, and a trial of other group or other therapies should be taken if there is no response seen. However, generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common types of anxiety disorders. It has a lifetime prevalence around 5%, it can include intolerable cognitive, emotional and physical symptoms. Thus, GAD can adversely affect the patient’s life aspects, including personal, functional, social or educational. There are options to be taken among psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or combined therapy.
Case Report on Chiari Syndrome
Authors: Meshram Asawari , Tembhare Vaishali , Singh Seema , Sharma Ranjana , Ankar Ruchira , Meshram Khushabu , Nakhale Puja , Sakharwade Prerana
Published: December 2021

Chiari Malformation is a rare condition. A condition known as Chiari malformation occurs when brain tissue spreads into the spinal canal. When a portion of your skull is excessively small or malformed, it presses on your brain and forces it downward. Chiari malformation is a rare occurrence, although the increased use of imaging testing has resulted in more diagnosis.

Case Presentation: A 18-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with the following symptoms: Tingling sensation, numbness over left hand since 2 to 3 months. Neck bend toward right side, pain in left hand since 6 month. Difficulty during eating by hand since 2 to 3 month. On physical examination, indicated a bright attentive person with pale conjunctiva and no symptoms of icterus. He had a tachycardia, bilateral pitting pedal edema and a swollen abdomen with shifting dullness, all of which pointed to as cites. He had a history of intermittent abdominal pain. On admission he complaint of new onset of dyspnea on exertion, fatigue and abdominal swelling. The rest of all physical examination was normal, with no skin changes and an intact arterial pulses in all four extremities.

Conclusion: The primary focus of this case study is on professional management and outstanding nursing care, which may provide the holistic care that Chiari Syndrome necessitates while also effectively managing the challenging case. After a full recovery, the patient's comprehensive health care team collaborates to help the patient regain his or her previous level of independence and satisfaction.
Mangrove’s Plant: An updated Review on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Barringtonia racemosa
Authors: Gupta Suchita , Gupta Reena
Published: December 2021

The conventional usages and traditions of people in Barringtonia racemosa (L.) (B. racemosa) mangrove plant species in their day-to-day life and therapeutic techniques. B. racemosa (L.) belongs to family Barringtoniaceae, with single-seeded, oval-shaped fruit and a tall tree dispersed in India's east and west coasts. B. racemosa (L.), titled as putat, a fish poison tree or powder puff tree, is a precious plant species due to its medicinal values. Its fruit pulp is used in fish poison and diarrhea, asthma, coughs, analgesic and antipyretic, and has significant antitumor activity. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are the primary metabolites of the leaves and are used to reduce hypertension and purgative. In addition, the pulverized leafage, barks, and roots are used to lessen the inflammation and chickenpox. Among the phenolic compounds specified in the leaves of B. racemosa (L.) include ferulic acid, naringin, gallic acid, rutin, luteolin, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and ellagic acid. Conventional remedial practices have the whole plant as a therapy for itch; the antimalarial activity is reported in roots. The bark or leaf are used in abscesses, sores, serpent bites, rat poisonings, gastric ulcers, hypertension, chickenpox. In contrast, the kernels or seeds are sourced for carcinogenic disorders and eye inflammation. The current review emphasized the ethnobotanical, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of B. racemosa (L.) proved through various scientific facts.
Case Report: Budd Chiari Syndrome
Authors: Singh Seema , Wawre Sonali , Poheka r Savita , Raut Aarti , Gujar Samruddhi , Dhengare Archana
Published: December 2021

Budd-syndrome Chiari's is a rare condition is causes by obstruction to hepatic venous outflow. The female patient 25-year old who was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bahave Rural Hospital on date 19/06/2019. 4 months ago, she noticed that her abdomen had become prominent. Her appetite became poor and she had vomiting bouts whenever she took food. A detailed clinical evaluation of the The syndrome of Budd-Chiari is based on a comprehensive history of of the patient, angiography is often used to assist in the diagnosis. The treatment also uses (MRI) and ultrasound technique. If the condition is detected early, treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome is more effective. Large doses of corticosteroid, prednisone can also be recommended as heparin like anticoagulants can be efficient in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome individuals. However, the condition typically has an acute onset and can become chronic later in life. The present case with right anticoagulant therapy, early diagnosis and successful treatment is reported.
Multidrug Resistance among Gram Negative E. coli in Chicken Meat (Rafha-Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Ali Akbar , Chidrawar Vijay R.
Published: December 2021

Aims: Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a major public health issuer globally. The genes for antibiotic resistance are transferred vertically in the form of genomic DNA and horizontally in the form of plasmids or transposons. Antibiotic are extensively used in animal farming to treat and prevent animal diseases, and at sub-therapeutic doses, they are used to promote animal growth. This extensive use of antibiotics is causing an increase in resistance among bacteria. More frequent, chicken meat available at retail shops is reported to be contaminated with a variety of drug resistant bacteria including E. Coli. The aim of the present study was to investigate antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from chicken meat available in the local shops of Rafha, Saudi Arabia.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of basic health sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia, between February and October, 2019

Methodology: Eighty-six E. coli strains, isolated from chicken meat, were tested for their antibiotic resistance profile, using the disc diffusion method.   

Results: All the isolated E. coli strains were tested against 14 antibiotics. The maximum resistance was found against penicillin G (95%) followed by amoxicillin (85%), Cephalothin (81%), Erythromycin (72%), and Tetracycline (50%). Imipenem was the most effective agent of all with only 1% resistance followed by Cefepime with almost 6% resistance.

A high percentage of the isolates (57%,) were multidrug resistant as they were non—susceptible to at least one antimicrobial in ≥3 antimicrobial classes including amoxicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline.

Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR E. coli in retail chicken meat is very high and could pose a serious threat to public health.
Correlation of HBA1c and Serum Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Laghari Mubeena , Adnan Faryal , Tehzeen Aneela , Talpur Zuha , Ahmed Arsalan , Murtaza Shazia
Published: December 2021

Aim: To determine the correlation of HBA1c and serum cholesterol in diabetic patients.

Methodology: This case control study was completed at the Biochemistry and Medicine Departments of Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro from October 2015 to March 2016.Total number of study subject was 100 and they were divided into two groups. Group A (case group, n=50) comprises diagnosed T2DM subjects while group B (control group, n=50) consists of healthy normal subjects (HNS), healthy normal subjects with mean age 50±6.34 years. These subjects were assessed to find association of glycosylated hemoglobin with serum Cholesterol levels in Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Those patients diagnosed asT2DM with age 30- 60years were included while those patients diagnosed as diabetic erectile dysfunction, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic renal failure, familial dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia was excluded in this study. Blood specimens were collected from both groups aseptically then blood glucose, HbA1c, Blood cholesterol, were estimated. Written consent was taken by all subjects including in this study. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. P value ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) of study participants of both groups was 162.74±25.42 mg/dL and 82.60±10.03 mg/dL respectively. The mean random blood sugar of both groups was 299.72±57.88 mg/dL and142.72±31.63 mg/dL respectively and mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) of both groups was 8.40±1.27 and 5.75±0.24mg/dL respectively. The mean serum cholesterol values of DP and HNS were 7.05±1.02 and 5.74±1.45 mg/dl respectively. Conclusion: It was observed a positive correlation between HBA1c and serum cholesterol in type2 DM patients.
Case Report of Typhoid Fever (Salmonella typhi)
Authors: Dhengare Archana , Pohekar Savita , Sakharwade Prerana , Sakharkar Sheetal , Gujhar Samrudhi , Tembare Vaishali , Ankar Ruchirra
Published: December 2021

Typhoid fever is a major health problem globally. Typhoid fever is an enteric fever characterized by systemic illness along with abdominal pain and fever in a "step-ladder" pattern. Typhoid fever is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in overcrowded and unhygienic areas though comprehensive research and public health interventions have decreased the occurrence. Patient is having sign symptoms as gastrointestinal symptoms, malaise, hepatomegaly, and high liver enzymes presented with a two-week fever. As a differential diagnosis, a Widal test  is done and two blood cultures were requested; both came out positive, confirming the diagnosis of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi. Treatment with ceftriaxone and metronidazole was stared prior to confirmation of the diagnosis, with a partial response; later, pharmacological therapy was altered based on ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing, with a satisfactory clinical response. We look at how to diagnose and treat enteric fever, with an importance to typhoid fever.

Symptoms or important clinical finding:- A 6 year old male was admitted in A.V.B.R.H on date 12/03/2021 with chief complaint of abdominal discomfort, malaise, problems such as  fever since 2 weeks, gastrointestinal symptoms, lethargy, hepatomegaly, and an increased liver enzyme.

Diagnosis therapeutic intervention and outcome: A case is diagnosed as Typhoid Fever. After physical examination and investigation, doctor was detected a case of 6 week.

Therapeutic intervention and outcome: Also provide a calcium supplements and iron supplements present case was stable but according to ultrasonography finding. Outcome- Good sanitation, improved water supply, and a suitable sewage waste matter system, as well as the successful use of existing typhoid vaccinations, can all help to avoid typhoid fever.

Nursing Perspective: Administration fluid replacement .i.e DNS and RL monitored vital signs per hourly. Maintained temperature chart 2 hourly strictly, maintained intake output chart properly. Tablet paracetamol, antibiotics given as per doctor’s order.

Conclusion: Good sanitation, improved water supply, and a suitable sewage waste matter  system, as well as the successful use of existing typhoid vaccinations, can all help to avoid typhoid fever.
Suicide and Suicidal Tendency in Primary Care Setting; Review Article
Authors: Algaows Faisal Suliman , Alhussain Sarah Salman , Damanhori Joud Bandar , Ahmed H. Alzahrani Amjad , Hamed A Alghamdi, Ahmed , Mesfer Alshardan, Ali , Aldakhil Shahad Emad , Majrashi Salwa Mohammed , Hussain Alanazi, Shahad , Khidhran M. Alzahrani, Majed , Albaqami Naif Abdullah Sultan
Published: December 2021

Suicide is critical public health problem that primary care physicians potentially can help address given that concerned patients frequently visit them in the weeks and months preceding the successful suicide. This article contemplates issues placing the patient at high risk for successful suicide and clinical valuation techniques available to the primary care physician. Patients identified as being at risk of attractive suicidal or those who have a equal of suicidal ideation or behavior judged apposite for management in the primary care setting should be monitored for risk at regular intervals. It is extremely significant to learn about and try to contextualize the patients' emotions that triggered the present crisis. Nurses can make sure that they have a thorough understanding of the present acuity, and all of the precipitating factors, and can exactly and collaboratively communicate with the caregivers and other involved medical teams.
A Computational Approach on the Anti-biofilm Effect of Ocimum sanctum Bio-compounds Against ptk of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Kamalli M. , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram negative coccobacilli often considered as a nosocomial pathogen and as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. It is considered to be multi-drug resistant and a potent bacteria forming vital biofilms. Ptk which is protein tyrosine kinase is a protein coding gene involved with the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide. Ocimum sanctum is a perennial plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Tulsi and holy basil are the common names of this plant. In-silico docking approach method is much more convenient and cost effective to assess the bioactive properties of the natural drugs against any target ligands.

Aim: The aim of the study to assess the inhibitory effect of Ocimum sanctum bio-compounds against ptk of Acinetobacter baumannii using a computational approach.

Materials and Methods: Retrieval of the structure of ptk was followed by Ligand preparation and optimisation. Further drug likeliness was assessed using Molinspiration parameters, docking simulations and visualisation for the binding energy and hydrogen bonds.

Results: Among the bio compounds of O.sanctum, benzofuran is selected as an active inhibitory compound with -11.12 as its binding energy showing a high affinity.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study documents benzofuran as the promising candidate to design novel drugs from O.sanctum and to target the ptk of A.baumannii. However further experimental validation must be done to observe its efficacy and safety in the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by A.baumannii.