bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of a combined intervention for management of juvenile primary fibromyalgia symptoms in adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric unit
Authors: Lommel Karen , Bandyopadhyay Anuja , Martin Catherine , Kapoor Shweta , Crofford Leslie
Published: June 2011

Background: Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and discrete tender points with no objective evidence of a muscle disease but with disordered central pain processing. Very little is known about the prevalence and treatment on inpatient psychiatric units.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an intervention for JPFS in adolescent females admitted to a psychiatric hospital.

Methods: In total, 30 patients with JPFS were assigned to either the intervention (n=15) or control group (n=15). The intervention group attended a fibromyalgia seminar followed by an audio-guided total body relaxation exercise. The control group participated in a seminar on skin care. Both groups completed a visual analog scale for affective states and somatic sensations before and after the seminar.

Results: Participants in the intervention group, but not the control group, demonstrated significant improvement in concentration, self-confidence, restfulness and comfort level (p<0.001 to p<0.05). They also reported a reduction in stress level, muscle tightness, stomach upset and feeling down (p<0.001 to p<0.05) immediately after the intervention.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that a combined intervention can be used in the inpatient psychiatric setting to improve functioning and overall well-being of patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders and JPFS during acute hospitalization.
Hirschsprung’s disease in the neurologically challenged child
Authors: Moore Sam W. , Tshifularo Nyaweleni
Published: June 2011

Background: The association between Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) and central nervous system (CNS) anomalies and syndromes is interesting because of similar developmental pathways. In addition to associated syndromes (e.g., Trisomy 21), these include brain anomalies, mental retardation and growth, ear and hearing deformities, eye hypoplasia, and craniofacial abnormalities, suggesting an neurocristopathy. This group of patients present with neurological challenges and have special challenges in management especially in the older child and adolescent.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 32 patients with significant HSCR-associated neurological challenges out of a local database of 555 HSCRs (6%). Data were analyzed with details of neurological problem, treatment, complications, and mortality. Long-term outcome was assessed clinically.

Results: A total of 32 neurologically challenged children were studied. The male/female ratio was 1.7:1 and all ethnic groups were affected. Abnormalities and syndromes included Down (n=16) and probable Mowat-Wilson (n=2) syndromes. Other abnormalities included ophthalmic problems (n=8), CNS and brain abnormalities (n=8). Mortality (22%) was mostly related to enterocolitis, particularly in Trisomy 21, ophthalmic problems (n=8), CNS and brain abnormalities (n=8). Follow-up age range was 1–34 years (8 years, adolescence and beyond). The outcome was variable, concomitant medical problems were common. Several patients failed to achieve satisfactory continence.

Conclusion: The association of neurological difficulties in patients with HSCR presents many challenges. Management could involve the exploration and evaluation of alternative treatment choices.
Positive youth development program targeting students with greater psychosocial needs: Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Sun Rachel C.F. , Tsui Pik Fong
Published: June 2011

The Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. targets adolescents with greater psychosocial needs. Based on subjective outcome evaluation data collected from 2173 participants recruited in 52 schools, 257 conclusions were reported by the program implementers in the evaluation reports. These conclusions were further analyzed via secondary data analyses. Although most of the conclusions concerning perceptions of the Tier 2 Program, instructors, and program effectiveness were positive in nature, there were also conclusions on the difficulties encountered and suggestions for improvements. Consistent with the previous evaluation findings, the present study suggests that the Tier 2 Program was well received by different stakeholders and the program was beneficial to the development of the program participants in the first year of the Experimental Implementation Phase.
Occupational, speech and emotional therapy with students attending booster classes
Authors: Regev Dafna , Reiter Shunit
Published: June 2011

The current study reviews the work being carried out in the Naomi Therapeutic Center in Kiryat Yam, Israel. The staff in this Center decided to provide a holistic response (which includes occupational therapy, speech therapy and art therapy) to 50 elementary school special education students in five booster classes. The goal of the study was to enable these students to improve their self-image, demonstrate fewer classroom adaptive behavioral problems and bring them to function better in class by the end of the school year. Findings demonstrate that in the study group, students’ self-image scores were significantly higher at the end of the intervention program than they were prior to the intervention (p=0.040). In addition, the study group demonstrated a significant difference in adaptive behavior scores before and after the intervention, indicating fewer adaptive classroom behavior problems towards the end of the intervention (p=0.034). Finally, findings indicate that there was a significant improvement in students’ functioning on all of the occupational therapy categories.
Damming Rivers in Vietnam: A Lesson Learned in the Tây Bắc Region
Authors: Dao Nga
Published: June 2011

This paper draws on legal documents, policy analyses, secondary data collection, and primary empirical data on dam construction on the Đà [Black] River to highlight uneven power and development both between Vietnam's lowlands and uplands and within its upland areas. It examines how the Northwest's ecological, cultural and agrarian landscapes have been shaped by state development policies and, in turn, how outcomes have contributed—if at all—to reshaping state policy. The paper also explores real and calculated costs of hydropower to examine accounting practices and how project costs are distributed among stakeholders.
Black Flag Rumors and the Black River Basin: Powerbrokers and the State in the Tonkin-China Borderlands
Authors: Davis Bradley C.
Published: June 2011

In 1890, Qing authorities in Yunnan Province found themselves faced with a rebellion led by Ngụy Danh Cao, the leader of a group of refugees from northern Tonkin. Proclaiming himself a former commander in the Black Flag Army, and thus an ally of the Qing government, Ngụy Danh Cao led several thousand refugees into Muäng La, a Tai area bordering the newly delineated Tonkin Protectorate. Within six months, he attempted to seize control of Muäng La. His failed rebellion and eventual capture revealed not only the plasticity of the Tonkin-China borderline, but also the Protectorate's reliance on personal networks in its projection of authority.
The Đèo Family of Lai Châu: Traditional Power and Unconventional Practices
Authors: Failler Philippe Le
Published: June 2011

Although of negligible economic interest, the Black River Basin during the French colonial period enjoyed special administrative status as a military territory. The region's patchwork pattern of ethnolinguistic groups as well as problems of distance and strategy led the colonizer to renew the autonomy of the muäng, or Tai polities. Among principal Tai clans, the Đèo of Lai Châu exemplified political resilience: pursuing their own prerogatives (until 1954) by exploiting the French administrative framework. These hereditary leaders, employed as colonial scholar-officials and civil servants, were keen to combine contradictory vocations. For example, the Đèo were frontier wardens even though their ancestral muäng overlapped the border; they were tax collectors who were nevertheless involved in opium smuggling. This paper attempts to recreate an overall pattern of the constitutive elements traditionally governing the attribution and implementation of power on a local basis.
Maternal parenting in single and two-parent families in South Africa from a child's perspective
Authors: Roman Nicolette Vanessa
Published: June 2011

Single mothers are often perceived and depicted as being ineffective parents in comparison to their married counterparts, but this may not always be the case. A sample consisting of 245 children (72% in married mother families and 28% in single mother families) between 10 and 12 years
(M = 11) including 64% females and 36% males participated in the study. The aim in this study was to compare children's perceptions of their mothers' parenting within single and married families. The results indicate that mothers were perceived as using more autonomy-supportive than
psychologically controlling parenting practices. There were no significant differences between children's perceptions of maternal parenting in single and married families.
Beliefs about foreign language learning among students training to teach English as a foreign language
Authors: Inozu Julide
Published: June 2011

Teachers' beliefs and theoretical knowledge have important effects on their classroom practice and teaching methodology. As trainee teachers' beliefs are critical to their professional development, and ultimately to their learners' improvement, an investigation of the language learning
beliefs of trainee English as a foreign language teachers is particularly important. In keeping with this idea, the author examined the key beliefs trainee teachers held relating to language learning during their period of training. Although a few developmental changes were found over the
period of training, the overall responses of the trainee teachers remained the same throughout the years of training in most of the beliefs researched.
Well-being and belief in a just world among rest home residents
Authors: Nasser Ramzi , Doumit Jacqueline , Carifio James
Published: June 2011

Several theorists have contended that belief in a just world may be one way elderly rest home residents cope with anxiety, fear, and depression and thus maintain their well-being. In this study we explored belief in a just world and length of time elderly have been residing in rest
homes in Lebanon in relation to their levels of self-rated quality of life. A sample of 354 cognitively able elderly people were selected from 36 nursing homes. Interview questionnaires including a translated and validated Self-beliefs in a Just World Scale (BJW-S; Lipkus, Dalbert, & Siegler,
1996) and the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS; Brooks, 1996) that measures respondents' quality of life on a 20cm visual analogue scale. The relationship between Arabic BJW-S scores and length of stay measured on the EQ-VAS was examined using analysis of variance. The findings showed
significant main effects for belief in a just world on levels of EQ-VAS, but no significant effects of length of time in rest home on levels of EQ-VAS. Residents who had strong beliefs in a just world seem to have better abilities to cope with negative life events and better self-rated feelings
of well-being than did residents who did not believe the world was just and who rated their own well-being lower.
Why people share knowledge in virtual communities
Authors: Shu Wesley , Chuang Yu-Hao
Published: June 2011

In this paper we explored why people want to share knowledge in the virtual community setting. Taiwan provides an important model for the study of knowledge sharing in online social networks because of the large number of users of these in this country. Using a model modified from the
theory of reasoned action and data collected in Taiwan, we found that self-esteem, absorptive ability, and trust are the driving forces of sharing. We did not find that the expected return had an impact on knowledge sharing. Although these results may be counterintuitive, they confirm today's
open business environment, where unexpected returns usually go to those who have deep involvement.
Effect of soya milk on nutritive, antioxidative, reological and textural properties of chocolate produced in a ball mill
Authors: Zaric Danica , Pajin Biljana , Rakin Marica , Seres Zita , Dokic Ljubica , Tomic Jelena
Published: June 2011

Chocolate is a complex rheological system in which non-fat cocoa particles
and sugar particles are enveloped by crystal matrix of cocoa butter.
Physical properties of chocolate depend on ingredient composition, method of
production and properly performed pre-crystallization phase. In this work,
chocolate was produced in an unconventional way, i.e. in a ball mill
applying variable refining time (30, 60 and 90 min) and pre-crystallization
temperature in chocolate masses (26, 28 and 30?C). Two types of chocolate
were produced: chocolate with 20% of powdered cow?s milk (R1) and chocolate
with 20% of soya milk powder (R2). The quality of chocolate was followed by
comparing nutritive composition, 23 polyphenol content, hardness of
chocolate, solid triglyceride content (SFC) and rheological parameters
(Casson yield flow (Pa), Casson viscosity (Pas), the area of the thixotropic
loop, elastic modulus and creep curves). The aim of this paper is
determining changes caused by replacing cow?s milk with soya milk powder in
respect of nutritive, rheological and sensory properties, as well as
defining optimal parameters: precrystallization temperature and refining
time of soya milk chocolate in order to obtain suitable sensory and physical
properties identical to those of milk chocolate mass. The results show that
replacing powdered cow?s milk with soya milk powder affects the increase in
nutritive value of soya milk chocolate. R2 chocolate mass showed the
increase in essential amino acids and fatty acids. This chocolate mass also
showed the increase in total polyphenols by 28.1% comparing to R1 chocolate
mass. By comparing viscosity, yield stress, shear stress and the area of the
thixotropic loop, it can be observed that R1 chocolate mass represents a
more organized and simpler system than the mass with soya milk (R2), as it
shows lower values for all the above mentioned parameters, regardless of the
refining time and pre-crystallization temperature. Viscoelastic behavior of
R2 is also evident, as a consequence of soya protein presence. In order to
maintain optimal hardness as well as melting resistance of chocolate, in
case of R2 chocolate mass it is necessary to apply pre-crystallization
temperature of 26?C, while for the chocolate mass R1 it is 30?C.
PMMA-Y2O3 (Eu3+) nanocomposites: Optical and mechanical properties
Authors: Musbah Salah , Radojevic Vesna , Borna Nadezda , Stojanovic Dusica , Dramicanin Miroslav , Marinkovic Aleksandar , Aleksic Radoslav
Published: June 2011

The results of a study related to the processing and characterization of
PMMA-Y2O3 (Eu3+) nanocomposites are presented herein. The nanocomposite
samples were prepared using a laboratory mixing molder with different
contents of Eu-ion doped Y2O3 nanophosphor powder. The influence of particle
content on the optical and dynamic mechanical properties of the
nanocomposites was investigated. The intensity of the luminescence emission
spectra increased as the nanophosphor content in the composite increased.
The results of dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the storage
modulus, loss modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer
composites increased with increasing content of the nanophosphor powder. The
microhardness data also confirmed that the hardness number increased with
nanoparticles concentration in the PMMA nanocomposites. The obtained results
revealed a relatively linear relationship between Tg and the Vickers
hardness.
Evaluating distributed real-time and embedded system test correctness using system execution traces
Authors: Hill James , Varshneya Pooja , Schmidt Douglas
Published: June 2011

Effective validation of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) system quality-of-service (QoS) properties (e.g., event prioritization, latency, and throughput) requires testing system capabilities in representative execution environments. Unfortunately, evaluating the correctness of such tests is hard since it requires validating many states dispersed across many hardware and software components. To address this problem, this article presents a method called Test Execution (TE) Score for validating execution correctness of DRE system tests and empirically evaluates TE Score in the context of a representative DRE system. Results from this evaluation show that TE Score can determine the percentage correctness in test execution, and facilitate trade-off analysis of execution states, thereby increasing confidence in QoS assurance and improving test quality.
Biological network analysis and comparison: mining new biological knowledge
Authors: Fionda Valeria
Published: June 2011

The mechanisms underlying life machinery are still not completely understood. Something is known, something is “probably” known, other things are still unknown. Scientists all over the world are working very hard to clarify the processes regulating the cell life cycle and bioinformaticians try to support them by developing specialized automated tools. Within the plethora of applications devoted to the study of life mechanisms, tools for the analysis and comparison of biological networks are catching the attention of many researchers. It is interesting to investigate why.
Spectral biometrical recognition of fingerprints
Authors: Csongrády Tibor , Pivarčiová Elena
Published: June 2011

The article is aimed at fingerprint recognition or verification, which is used mainly in access control systems. The proposed method of fingerprint verification uses image registration (reconciliation) by applying the Fourier-Mellin transform and consequently compares images by the Fourier transform using modified phase correlation.
Analysis of the progressive sampling-based approach using real life datasets
Authors: Umarani Venkatapathy , Punithavalli Muthusamy
Published: June 2011

The discovery of association rules is an important and challenging data mining task. Most of the existing algorithms for finding association rules require multiple passes over the entire database, and I/O overhead incurred is extremely high for very large databases. An obvious approach to reduce the complexity of association rule mining is sampling. In recent times, several sampling-based approaches have been developed for speeding up the process of association rule mining. A proficient progressive sampling-based approach is presented for mining association rules from large databases. At first, frequent itemsets are mined from an initial sample and subsequently, the negative border is computed from the mined frequent itemsets. Based on the support computed for the midpoint itemset in the sorted negative border, the sample size is either increased or association rules are mined from it. In this paper, we have presented an extensive analysis of the progressive sampling-based approach with different real life datasets and, in addition, the performance of the approach is evaluated with the well-known association rule mining algorithm, Apriori. The experimental results show that accuracy and computation time of the progressive sampling-based approach is effectively improved in mining of association rules from the real life datasets.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Atenolol and Amlodipine in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Haque Md Ahsanul , Naznin Asma , Kabir ANM Hamidul , Hossain Md Khalid , Islam SM Ashraful
Published: June 2011

A simple, selective and rapid reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RPHPLC) method for the analysis of atenolol and amlodipine in tablet has been developed and validated. The chromatographic system consisted of a LC-20 AT pump, SPD-20 A UV/visible detector. The separation was achieved from C18 column at ambient temperature with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile buffer (solution of ammonium acetate and sodium pentanesulphonate ratio, 55:10:35 v/v, PH=3.00 adjusted with phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1ml/min and the retention time was about 1.67 minutes for atenolol and 5.0 minutes for amlodipine. The method is selective and able to resolve drug peaks from formulation excipients. The peaks of atenolol and amlodipine were well separated (resolution 11.65). The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 80% to 120% (r2 = 0.999 for both the drugs). The proposed method is accurate with 100.72% recovery for atenolol and 99.44% recovery for amlodipine and precise (%RSD of intra day variation were 0.53-0.152 for atenolol and 0.067-1.518 for amlodipine and %RSD of inter day variation were 0.024-1.518 for atenolol and 0.034-1.518 for amlodipine). The method has been used to test market products (six brands) and potency was found within limit (99.02%- 100.02% for atenolol and 97.4%-100.4% for amlodipine). Therefore, this method can be used as a more convenient and efficient option for the analysis of atenolol and amlodipine in tablet dosage form. Key words: Atenolol; amlodipine; method validation; HPLC; quantitative analysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7898 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 131-138, 2010 (December)
L'Europe face à l'Asie, l'Asie face à l'Europe : de la realpolitik à la recherche d'un nouvel universalisme
Authors: Lechervy Christian
Published: June 2011

From its formal inception in Bangkok, in March 1996, the Asia-Europe Dialogue (ASEM) has been seen by Europeans as a means to reduce the threat of emergence of a block mentality in the two geographical areas. The ASEM dialogue distinguishes itself from other political and economic fora by the high level of its participants. The economic, political and cultural diversity of the ASEM Member States, as well as the constraints imposed by their belonging to two major regional institutional groupings, the European Union and ASEAN, make this dialogue and the creation of common institutions responding to the expectations of all stakeholders even more complex. In addition, ASEAN itself must be strengthened as a model of regional integration in order to effectively support the ASEM process, failing which the stability of Asia could be seriously jeopardized by endogenous factors related to the issue of sustainability of growth and of political handling of economic and political integration.
À la rencontre de deux cultures : l'influence de la littérature française au Viêt-nam
Authors: Ngoc Phan
Published: June 2011

It is widely recognized that the fine arts occupy a privileged position in Vietnamese civilization. The influence of French literature thus plays a role of particular importance in Vietnam. It is fair to talk about a meeting of cultures which, although operating at different levels (missionary work, colonialism, public education), had a power and authenticity of which the final results are an object of intense and continuous study by culture experts. In this line of analysis, the article reveals the reasons for the efficiency of this acculturation and, indeed, the paradox of its "success".

History has no doubt shown to what a great extent the writings and ideas of French moralists and novelists instigated unbelievable social developments in the fertile ground of Vietnam. The interaction of Vietnamese individuality with the French universalism was to bring about an unprecedented national development which was nurtured, for a long time, by changes in the realm of language itself : a revolution in writing and a linguistic revolution. Cartesian rationality manifesting itself in the area of literature inevitably led the Vietnamese people towards Marxist rationalism.
Le développement sans travail. Constat d'une opposition entre les expériences européenne et thaïlandaise
Authors: Decellas Murielle , Mounier Alain
Published: June 2011

While the labor concept has been decisive in the industrialization process as it occurred in Western countries, this must not lead to the conclusion that the existence of this concept is a necessary condition for industrialization.

The present article aims to show that the lack of social values related to labor doesn't hamper the industrialization process and that the latter, on the contrary, can be based on political and religious traditions. To this end, Thailand seems to be a good example.

Based on a comparison between Europe and Thailand, the analysis tries to bring out the origin and singularities of Thai values in order to measure to which extent Thai economic characteristics and performances are rooted in some singular social values.
Note sur l'ambassade siamoise de 1861 en France
Authors: Baffie Jean
Published: June 2011

When Mongkut became King of Siam in 1851, he decided to renew diplomatic relations with France. Because of delays from the French court, the Franco-Siamese treaty was only concluded on the 15th of August, 1 856. A Siamese embassy eventually reached France in June 1 861 .

Based on French records, the present article reconstitutes the history of this embassy which King Mongkut had wanted to send to France since 1855. The author attempts to explain the historical and diplomatic context of Franco-Siamese relations in the mid- 19th century. Illustrated with unpublished photos by Nadar, the paper intoduces the three ambassadors and their staff and describes their visits especially their reception by Napoleon III at Fontainebleau. It also notes that French archives prove that this Siamese embassy never went to England.
Entre tradition et innovation : le travail d'un scénariste dans un spectacle de théâtre populaire madourais
Authors: Bouvier Hélène
Published: June 2011

Among Madurese dramatic genres, the loddrok provides ample opportunities for exploring the question of creativity in performance, being at once traditional and innovative, both at the level of repertory and acting techniques. Drawing on ethnographic research on Madurese performing arts, the author describes the specificity of this popular genre. By analyzing the structure of a single performance, and by taking into account the key role of the scenarist and the importance of improvisation, light can be shed on the processes involved in theatrical creativity.
Le lion de Lopburi
Authors: Smithies Michael
Published: June 2011

King Narai of Siam made a point of sending exotic animals to Louis XIV all of which seem to have died en route if they were not off-loaded from overheavy boats in Ayutthaya, and his ambassadors visited the new royal menagerie at Versailles during their stay in France in 1686. Phra Narai received from the French Indies Company in 1684 a recycled gift of a lion, which was added to his menagerie in Lopburi ; its ressemblance to the Marshal of Turenne was remarked upon by some French visitors. Turenne died in 1675, but the fate of the lion, after Narai's death in 1688 and the abandoning of Lopburi as a royal residence, is not known.
La riziculture dans les manuscrits de sagesse traditionnelle à Sathing Phra, dans le Sud de la Thaïlande
Authors: Patamadit Ingon
Published: June 2011

In Southeast Asia, rice is not only an agricultural product, it is a cultural one, too. Each process related to rice cultivation, including ploughing, harrowing, sowing, and harvesting, includes specific rituals, taboos and offerings which are seen as the conditions to ensuring a fruitful crop.

In Southern Thailand, more precisely in Sathing Phra, Songkhla province, these techno-spiritual commandments are contained in specific "books" which are transmitted and copied from one generation to another The versions used now probably come from the Ayutthaya Period (14th- 18th Century). One of these manuscripts shows how rice is at the junction of the material and the spiritual worlds. While some advice results from simple observation of natural processes, most of the prescriptions are grounded on a set of multiple convictions which bear witness to the multicultural past of the Thais. They are based on a belief in vital principles (khwan) and more elaborated cosmologies where nagas, Indian deities and the Buddha internet. Today, modernity and government campaigns, however, deal bad blows to these traditions.
Les Chinois du Cambodge : heurs et malheurs d'une communauté
Authors: Vairon Lionel
Published: June 2011

The Chinese community in Cambodia is mentioned in documents dating back to the 13th century. The community went through a very stable development for seven centuries, under the Khmer rulers, without facing any major trouble. Its position was well established in the Khmer Empire and it was considered as essential to the common wealth. Then came the interference of foreign powers and ideologies, which eventually threw the community into two decades of misfortune - until the National Reconciliation Process, which started ten years ago, reversed the situation, likely for good.
Langues, écritures et littératures au Viêt-nam
Authors: Tùng Nguyễn
Published: June 2011

From the 13th century to the beginning of the 20th, Sino-Vietnamese literature coexisted alongside Norn literature. Due to its eminently ideological and political functions, Sino- Vietnamese literature established itself as the standard form of written expression whereas Norn literature, composed entirely in verse, was relegated to the role of entertainment. The author explains this paradoxical situation by the preponderant influence that Chinese language and writing continued to exert on Vietnamese culture a thousand years after its independence, as they permeated the most important institutions of Vietnamese society, affecting ideology, education, mandarinate, and administrative practices. With the use of romanized writing imposed by the French colonial administration, a new literary form based increasingly on prose emerged and rapidly blossomed in the wake of profound social, economic and cultural transformations.
Les industries lithiques du Paléolithique tardif et du début de l'Holocène en Insulinde
Authors: Forestier Hubert , Patole-Edoumba Elise
Published: June 2011

Two distinct entities, the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos, make up island Southeast Asia - altogether a land surface of about 2 million square kilometers divided up by seas and straits into some 20 000 islands. The Indonesian Archipelago, centered on Java island, constitutes the transition between mainland Southeast Asia and island Southeast Asia, whereas Luzon island in the Philippines looks like a gate to Oceania through Micronesia.

This geographical division of Southeast Asia leads to heterogeneity and diversity of knapped stone industries. The aim of this article is to present the different aspects of this diversity through a review of the major lithic assemblages in Indonesia and the Philippines.

Between these two parts of the former Sundaland continent, we can identify similarities in some technotypological aspects of the Holocene sites, despite the more distinct identity of some Java and Sulawesi assemblages (respectively the Sampungian and Toalian levels).

But the late Pleistocene period shows a clear difference between the two archipelagos, with the introduction in Indonesia (Sulawesi) of the discoid knapping method.
"Des buddha aussi nombreux que les grains de sable" : Note sur une métaphore figée dans la langue khmère
Authors: Bernon Olivier de
Published: June 2011

La métaphore "des buddha aussi nombreux que [les grains] de sable" (braḥ buddh aṃmpāl khsāc'), usuelle dans la langue khmère dès le XVIe siècle, résulte d'un emprunt à la littérature du Mahāyāna et se retrouve dans les langues classiques de l'Inde et dans la langue chinoise bouddhique. Initialement employée pour fournir un support figuratif concret à la notion abstraite d'infinité, elle est réservée, en Asie du Sud-Est, à la numération des buddha dont le nombre est en inflation constante au fil des textes. L'histoire évolutive de cette métaphore doit, au demeurant, servir à la critique de la notion "d'orthodoxie theravādin" souvent utilisée de manière sommaire au terme de discriminations faites a posteriori.
Les gouverneurs français de Phuket, Bangkok et Mergui au XVIIe siècle
Authors: Smithies Michael
Published: June 2011

It is not generally realized that the Siamese settlements of Phuket, Bangkok, and Mergui all had French governors in the period 1682-1688 ; in all three cases they had been preceded by other foreigners, respectively Indian, Turkish and Portuguese, and English. The article details the careers and ends of the different governors, whose tenure of office was cut short soon after Petracha's coup d'état in May 1688. Only two of the governors, who both had the good sense to withdraw from their posts while the going was good, lived to die peacefully in their beds.
Symbolisme et représentation du corps: regard sur les objets tissés des Êdê Kpa de Buôn Ma Thuôt (Viêt-nam)
Authors: Jammes Jérémy
Published: June 2011

Effectuée à partir d'une enquête à Buôn Ma Thuôt (hauts plateaux du Centre Viêt-nam), l'analyse du symbolisme des objets tissés (costumes et couvertures) êdê kpa et des motifs qui les décorent, révèle une structure sémiotique et des éléments de représentations du microcosme (corps de l'homme et de la femme) et du macrocosme (cosmologie) de ce groupe austronésien. Les systèmes de classification et d'interprétation dégagés, qui dépassent le principe d'opposition binaire, donnent lieu à l'apparition non seulement d'un ensemble de points névralgiques constitutifs de l'être, mais aussi d'un réseau de fluides protecteurs pour le corps individuel et social. La description des motifs, des couleurs utilisées et des pratiques vestimentaires permet de concevoir les objets tissés comme des espaces de représentations et d'enjeux dont la charge symbolique prend toute sa force dans un contexte mythologique ou rituel large.
Une séance chamanique chez les Raglai
Authors: Macdonald Charles
Published: June 2011

This paper is based on the observation of a shamanistic seance performed in Paloi Tanὸ, a Northern Raglai community located in the district of Khánh Son, Khánh Hὸa Province, while the author was doing fieldwork in the area in 1998.

In the first section a detailed analysis of this ceremony is provided and some of its features are sorted out. In the second section, the author reviews a number of data gathered from native informants concerning the nature, number and type of supernatural beings with a view to drawing a preliminary outline of the polytheistic structure of the Raglai religion. In the final concluding section, the author tries to identify areas of convergence between the more abstract religious ideology and the views on which this particular seance is based.

While some of these elements (such as the trance, the chanting of a ritual discourse, the shamanistic journey to the upper world, the encounter with the spirits) are strong reminders of a similar ritual ideology elsewhere in Southeast Asia, other features point to a rather distinct Raglai ideology based on two main principles. One is the idea of rebirth and soul transmigration. The other is that of a hierarchy of spirits ordered according to principles reminiscent of a bureaucratic organization.
Moduler la lumière. Galeries et fenêtres, de l'Inde au Cambodge et au Siam
Authors: Pichard Pierre
Published: June 2011

Whereas in Indian temples, windows tend to be quite exceptional (enclosure galleries being made up of porticos facing the inner yard), in Cambodia they form a striking feature of Angkorian architecture. Enclosure galleries are more diversified and generally present many windows on one side and blind windows on the other. One of the walls can be replaced by a portico sustained by pillars facing the inner part of the temple, or even sometimes facing outside, in order to form a surrounding peristyle.

Both windows and blind windows are fitted with turned stone bars which give them a particularly strong architectural presence. While integrating this feature into the design of Sukhothai monuments, Thai architects simplified it, transforming the original window-bars into rectangular brick or latérite mullions separated by narrow vertical slits cut into the wall. At the end of the Ayutthaya period these mullions were replaced by more elaborate window-bars with indents which remind one of the Khmer alternating rings and collars.
Some Literary References in the "Grande Inscription d'Angkor" (IMA 38)
Authors: Skilling Peter
Published: June 2011

La plus longue des inscriptions regroupées dans les "Inscriptions modernes d' Angkor" est connue sous le nom de "Grande inscription d' Angkor Vat". Datée de l'an 1623 de la Grande Ère (P.E. 1701), ce document de 53 lignes (152 strophes faisant appel à trois mètres différents) constitue un véritable poème, profondément humain et particulièrement riche en métaphores et allusions littéraires. L'auteur traite brièvement de trois de ces allusions : l'une au Lokaneyyappakaraṇa, l'autre à l'histoire de Nāṅ Bhogavatī et la dernière au personnage de Jotika-seṭṭhī, incarnation de la richesse par excellence.
Note on Kep Phak Sai Sa Kep Kha Sai Müang
Authors: Grabowsky Volker
Published: June 2011

Kep phak sai sa kep kha sai müang is widely regarded as an old Northern Thai saying that characterises the forced resettlement of war captives from various regions in the Burmese Shan States and Sipsòng Panna to present- day Northern Thailand during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The purpose of this note is to discuss the meaning of the saying, popularised by the late Kraisri Nimmanhaeminda, and to trace its possible origins. The only written evidence that clearly proves the authenticity of the saying is found in a Bai cum (official letter on textile) manuscript from Luang Prabang, dated June/July 1853.
Liens entre les littératures thaïe et khmère: Le cas des œuvres du roi Si Thammaracha et du prince Thammathibet
Authors: Pakdeekham Santi
Published: June 2011

Si Thammaracha est un poète khmer de l'époque d'Udong tandis que Thammathibet est un poète de la fin de l'époque d'Ayutthaya. Si les vies de ces deux poètes (distantes d'une centaine d'années) présentent de nombreuses similitudes, il en va de même de certaines de leurs œuvres. Y a-t-il eu une influence directe (ce qui impliquerait que Thammathibet aurait eu accès aux œuvres de Si Thammaracha) ou faut-il attribuer ces similitudes à la tradition littéraire?

Le présent article tente une première approche de la question en s' appuyant principalement sur la comparaison entre un poème du roi-poète khmer (le Kamnàby bralin mâs œy) et un poème de style similaire du prince-poète thaï (le Kap ho khlong nirat than sok).
L'apport des navigateurs et des géographes français à la connaissance de Timor et de ses populations depuis le XVIIIe siècle
Authors: de Dianoux Hughes Jean
Published: June 2011

Timor n'a, avant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, que fort occasionnellement attiré l'attention de la France. Mis à part les écrits de quelques navigateurs et quelques ouvrages ou articles de géographes, voire d'anthropologues, il fallut attendre les années 60 et 70 pour qu'une pléiade de chercheurs français (ethnologues et linguistes), à l'initiative de Georges Condominas, parcoure Timor et recueille des données nouvelles dans leur domaine de spécialité.

C'est pourtant dès la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle que des Français ont rédigé des récits de voyages et des observations concernant Timor et le présent article a pour propos de cerner la contribution apportée par ces pionniers à la connaissance de l'île, à travers les diverses publications auxquelles leurs travaux ont donné lieu.
Les monastères de Luang Prabang. Notes sur la typologie des sanctuaires
Authors: Rampon Laurent
Published: June 2011

Out of the 65 monasteries which were the pride of Luang Prabang in the 18th century, only 35 are left within the boundaries of the site inscribed on the Unesco World Heritage list.

The Maison du Patrimoine, the goverment institution in charge of the preservation of the site, closely studied these monasteries which constitute a major element of the local cultural heritage. As a result, after Henry Parmentier, Thao Boun Souk (Pierre-Marie Gagneux) and Madeleine Giteau, the Maison du Patrimoine is proposing a new typology model of the sanctuaries.
Les adeptes de Ji Gong, le "bonze fou", en Malaisie et à Singapour
Authors: Formoso Bernard
Published: June 2011

Ji Gong, bonze excentrique et thaumaturge de la dynastie des Song du Sud, est devenu au fil des siècles une figure proéminente de la religion populaire en Chine et son culte s'est développé sous diverses formes au sein des communautés chinoises d'Asie du Sud-Est. Le présent article considère l'un des avatars de ce culte, en retraçant l'émergence, puis l'essor en Malaisie et à Singapour d'une branche du mouvement religieux De jiao. L'analyse révèle que Ji Gong, parce qu'il est une référence majeure en matière deyu ji (écriture automatique d'essence divine), a joué un rôle fédérateur au sein de ce mouvement, tout en légitimant des efforts récents pour le rétablir en République populaire de Chine et lui donner une résonance mondiale.
The Archaeology of Khmer Images
Authors: Roveda Vittorio
Published: June 2011

En 1926, Finot écrivait que le danger d'une histoire basée exclusivement sur des données épigraphiques était d'inciter à penser que toute absence d'inscriptions est le reflet d'une absence d'événements. Comme si le "silence" des pierres impliquait que rien ne s'était passé. Et de fait, jusqu'à ce jour, notre connaissance limitée de l'iconographie, de la narratologie et de la sémiotique des reliefs des temples khmers ne faisait qu'accuser le mutisme des pierres.

Le présent article constitue une tentative pour briser ce mutisme : le décodage des images permet de comprendre l'état d'une culture aussi bien que les objets de l'archéologie traditionnelle et, en apportant des lueurs nouvelles sur le développement dans le temps de l'iconographie, il peut devenir un outil de datation.
Les premières observations astronomiques occidentales par le père Thomas de la Société de Jésus au Siam à la fin du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Hennequin Laurent
Published: June 2011

À la fin du XVIIe siècle, on le sait, Louis XIV envoya au Siam deux groupes de Jésuites avec une mission scientifique en astronomie sous la supervision de l'Académie royale des Sciences, mais il se trouve qu'en réalit les premières observations astronomiques occidentales furent l'œuvre d'un autre Jésuite, d'origine belge, le Père Antoine Thomas, peu d'années avant l'envoi des ambassades françaises. Les observations qu'il effectua au Siam en 1681-1682 s'inscrivaient toutefois totalement dans le projet de l'Académie des sciences, consistant à réformer la géographie en utilisant la méthode astronomique. Il s'efforça ainsi de déterminer la latitude et la longitude de la ville d'Ayutthaya en utilisant la méthode alors en vigueur dans le cercle de l'Académie des sciences de Paris où elles finirent par parvenir. Ses découvertes furent d'autant mieux accueillies qu'elles montraient que les cartes de l'époque surestimaient de beaucoup la taille du continent euroasiatique, comme on le supposait déjà sans pouvoir le prouver. Il fut ainsi le premier à déterminer par des moyens scientifiques la position géographique exacte du Siam et en conséquence de l'ensemble de l'Extrême-Orient. En dépit de leur importance, ces découvertes furent peu diffusées et demeurent relativement méconnues.
L'Assemblée nationale dans la période du Dôi moi: lieu de renouvellement des élites politiques du régime communiste vietnamien?
Authors: Salomon Matthieu
Published: June 2011

Depuis le lancement du renouveau du communisme vietnamien (Dôi moi) et afin de satisfaire leur quête de légitimité, les dirigeants communistes vietnamiens affichent une volonté d'ouverture et de renouvellement des élites politiques du régime. Ainsi, notamment en réponse à la nouvelle donne économique, les postes de responsabilité deviendraient plus accessibles à des non-membres du Parti. Il s'agit notamment de promouvoir des experts, bureaucrates et personnalités spécialisés dans certains domaines (gestion économique, droit, etc.), issus de milieux et secteurs socioprofessionnels différents (monde de l'entreprise, par exemple), mais aussi des représentants de minorités politiques (femmes, minorités ethniques, jeunes). Le "lieu politique" principal par lequel le régime communiste vietnamien tente d'intégrer, de coopter, d'attirer ces nouvelles élites est l'Assemblée nationale. Le processus électoral a été réformé et s'est ouvert : autorisation des candidatures indépendantes, revalorisation de la prise en compte des qualifications des candidats (vs. critères politiques), politique de quotas, etc.

Néanmoins les interrogations sur la réalité de ce phénomène sont multiples : qu'en est-il vraiment de l'ouverture de ce processus électoral ? Quelles évolutions réelles des profils socio-institutionnels des députés peut-on observer ? Peut-on caractériser un groupe cohérent de nouvelles élites ? In fine, la logique profonde de promotion/élection des représentants du peuple vietnamien a-t-elle évolué depuis le lancement des réformes ? Et si oui, dans quel sens ?
La péninsule Malaise au tournant du XIIIe siècle
Authors: Jacq-Hergoualc'h Michel
Published: June 2011

Depuis les tout premiers siècles de l'ère chrétienne, le destin politique de la péninsule Malaise fut celui de cités-états et de chefferies qui ont prospéré grâce aux profits générés par des ports-entrepôts inscrits dans le réseau complexe des routes maritimes de la soie. À partir du Ve siècle de notre ère environ, aux échanges commerciaux s'ajoutent des influences culturelles issues du monde Indien qui transforment certaines de ces entités politiques des rivages de la péninsule Malaise en de petites communautés gagnées à la culture indienne - et donc, dirons-nous, "indianisées" - très largement indépendantes. Nous croyons peu en effet à l'emprise politique sur ces rivages, à partir du VIIIe siècle, de la supposée thalassocratie de Srivijaya - centrée sur le Sud-Est de Sumatra - quoi qu'il ait pu être écrit.

À l'aube du XIIIe siècle, une de ces cités-états indianisées, que les Chinois appellent Tambralinga, semble contrôler l'ensemble de la péninsule Malaise dans sa partie centrale qui est aussi depuis l'origine sa partie vitale. De son histoire à cette date nous connaissons quelques détails grâce aux chroniques locales, grâce aussi à celles du Sri Lanka qui relate les menées militaires de cette cité-état contre l'île, guerres lointaines et irréalistes qui l'épuisèrent au moment même où naissait dans le bassin moyen du Chao Phraya le royaume de Sukhothai, entité politique dynamique et ambitieuse qui finit par le subjuguer en cette fin du XIIIe siècle qui voit aussi l'arrivée de l'islam au long de ces rivages. La conversion à l'islam concerna surtout la portion la plus méridionale de la péninsule - qui va voir se développer ultérieurement des ports tels Singapour puis Melaka - mais n'en constitue pas moins une autre date clé dans l'histoire de cette péninsule dont la culture et les centres de gravité basculent donc à partir de cette époque.