bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canciones infantiles en el proceso lectoescritor en niños.
Authors: Rendón Coronel Joselyne Sulay , Salcedo Eras María Sol , Rodríguez Matamoros Hilda Esther , Martínez Villamar Andreina Nicol , Mendieta Toledo Lenin Rijkaard
Published: December 2024

El trabajo investiga el impacto de las canciones infantiles en el proceso de lectoescritura en niños de educación inicial. Empleando una metodología documental, descriptivo-analítica, se realizó una recopilación sistemática de literatura académica relevante, enfocándose en estudios recientes que vinculan la música con el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas, se organizó la información en ejes temáticos que abarcaron la motivación de los niños, su participación activa y la mejora de la conciencia fonológica, luego, se realizó un análisis cualitativo con interpretación hermenéutica. Los resultados y su análisis mostraron que integrar canciones infantiles en la enseñanza, mejora la motivación y el compromiso de los estudiantes, sugiriendo que esta práctica podría transformar el aprendizaje en el aula, promueve una educación más dinámica e inclusiva. El trabajo concluye resaltando la necesidad de más investigación sobre las variables de estudio y que es pertinente la formación continua de educadores para maximizar el impacto positivo de las canciones infantiles en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura. En definitiva, las canciones infantiles se presentan como un recurso valioso y efectivo que enriquece el proceso educativo de los niños de educación inicial, fomentando un aprendizaje significativo y pleno.
Climate and Environmental Impacts of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Agrawal Siddhi
Published: December 2024

Adverse effects of climate change on our environment and life have been of significant concern and this concern has become more significant because of recent extreme hurricanes and flooding in various parts of the world.  Artificial Intelligence (AI) based technologies are being adopted across all aspects of our life.  One of the most frequent arguments in support of AI is that AI-based tools can achieve significant improvements in efficiency, which could translate into much better economic return while optimizing the use of resources.  However, environmental and carbon footprints of datacenters training and facilitating the use of AI tools such as ChatGPT is enormous and is increasing rapidly with explosive growth in AI-related tools.  This paper presents a detailed discussion on both beneficial and adverse aspects of AI with respect to its impacts on the climate and the environment based critical review of several available studies.
Revisión bibliográfica crítica acerca de la aplicación de nanopartículas para el control del ph en libros y documentos
Authors: Moreno Falcón Mónica
Published: December 2024

La acidificación de la celulosa es una de las principales causas de alteración de libros y documentos fabricados en pasta de madera. Esta es la razón principal por la que los tratamientos de control del pH son aplicados con regularidad por profesionales de la conservación-restauración, pese a las problemáticas asociadas con el uso de carbonatos, bicarbonatos, hidróxidos y otros compuestos empleados con este fin. Este artículo presenta una síntesis de las posibilidades que ofrece el uso práctico de la nanotecnología en los procesos de desacidificación del papel y revisa los beneficios que el hidróxido de calcio, hidróxido de magnesio, carbonato, bicarbonato y propionato de calcio proveen al ser utilizados en la escala nanométrica.
La normalización terminológica en el ámbito de la conservación-restauración de bienes patrimoniales en Chile: un estudio preliminar
Authors: Pissolato de Oliveira Luciana , Tebé Soriano Carles
Published: December 2024

Este artículo presenta los criterios metodológicos y lingüísticos utilizados para llevar a cabo un estudio preliminar acerca del proceso de normalización de la terminología de las alteraciones en la conservación-restauración de los bienes patrimoniales de Chile.
La normalización terminológica es un trabajo eminentemente interdisciplinario. En este proyecto, involucra a profesionales del Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración (CNCR) y del Comité Nacional de Conservación Textil (CNCT) —quienes aportan su conocimiento conceptual—, junto con lingüistas de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) —quienes aportan su conocimiento teórico, metodológico y práctico de la terminología, tanto como disciplina como producto—. 
Este proyecto adapta, en cuanto a la metodología, instrumentos de recolección y protocolos de trabajo internacionales; los criterios lingüísticos, por otra parte, deben crearse ad hoc con objeto de respetar las idiosincrasias lingüísticas y culturales de cada contexto concreto, en este caso, el español de Chile.
Investigating The Level of State Anxiety Among Newly Enrolled Undergraduate Female Nursing Students in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Farhan Ahmed  , Yasir Ali  , Anwar Ali Malik  , Rubina  , Ameer Ullah Khan
Published: December 2024

Background: Anxiety is an emotional state that opposes the possibility of encountering potentially unpleasant future circumstances. Objective: To assess the level of state anxiety among newly enrolled undergraduate female nursing students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a public female nursing institute in Karachi, Pakistan from January to April 2024. The sample size was 225, calculated by using Open Epi with 95% confidence interval. A convenient sampling technique was used. All newly enrolled undergraduate female nursing students were included while the other classes’ students were excluded from the study. The 20 item Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used to assess the level of state anxiety. Approval of the study was obtained from the concerned institute. Written consents were taken from the participants, background and questionnaire were well explained to the participants. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: The level of anxiety was high (83.6%) among participating students, (13.8%) of the students observed with moderate level of anxiety and only (2.7%) of the students recorded no or low level of anxiety. There was a statistically significant difference found between the mean scores of father’s occupation and education level. Conclusion: The decline in mental health during nursing education demonstrated the need of interventions for reducing their stress, anxiety, and depression. All faculty members must offer students one-on-one counselling services and to give them practical stress management techniques.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Premenopausal Women’s Attitude Toward Menopause going Through Hysterectomy from Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Asma Ambareen  , Arzoo Gul Bangash  , Tayyaba Mazhar  , Sania Nawsheen
Published: December 2024

Background: Women undergoing early menopause following premenopausal hysterectomy often experience significant fear and health challenges. Understanding their attitudes toward this transition is essential for providing effective healthcare tailored to their needs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the attitudes of women toward early menopause following premenopausal hysterectomy performed for gynecological or obstetric reasons. Methodology: The study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from January to June 2024. Women aged 30–45 years who had not yet attained menopause but underwent premenopausal hysterectomy were included. Exclusion criteria included those on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire with two sections: Section A recorded demographic details, while Section B assessed knowledge and attitudes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with associations evaluated via the Chi-square test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Among 80 participants, the mean age was 39.3 ± 3.23 years. Most were multiparous (86.3%), and 55% reported a household income below 25,000 PKR. Poor knowledge about early menopause was observed in 55% of participants, while 22.5% showed good knowledge. Positive attitudes toward long-term complications were prevalent (86.3%), with 85% adopting preventive measures. Poor knowledge was significantly associated with lower income (p=0.024) and illiteracy (p=0.001). Multiparity showed no significant correlation with knowledge (p=0.304). Conclusion: Despite positive attitudes and proactive measures, knowledge gaps about early menopause were significant, particularly among less educated and low-income groups. Targeted educational programs are essential to bridge these gaps and enhance preparedness for early menopause.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING VERSUS PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION TECHNIQUES IN MUSCLE STRENGTHENING AMONG POST-ACL RECONSTRUCTION PATIENTS
Authors: Riaz Hifza , Amjad Amina , Abdul Hannan  , Adiba Javed  , Bilal Umar  , Abeer Bhatti  , Muhammad Fareed Nasir
Published: December 2024

Background: Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction primarily focuses on restoring muscle strength, functionality, and joint stability to support effective recovery. Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) are widely utilized interventions for muscle strengthening. While both techniques are effective, there is limited comparative evidence regarding their impact on post-ACL reconstruction recovery. Determining their relative effectiveness is critical for optimizing rehabilitation protocols and improving outcomes for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of blood flow restriction training versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in enhancing muscle strength among post-ACL reconstruction patients.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 male participants aged 25 to 45 years who began ACL rehabilitation two weeks post-surgery. Participants with hip or ankle pathologies, diabetes, or other lower limb orthopedic issues were excluded. The study was conducted at Civil Hospital Faisalabad and Allied Hospital Faisalabad from April to November 2024. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A underwent BFRT, while Group B participated in PNF. Both groups followed a 10-week rehabilitation protocol. Muscle strength was assessed using Hand-Held Dynamometry (HHD), and knee function was evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0.
Results: Pre-treatment muscle strength, measured by HHD, showed no significant difference between the groups (Group A: 45.3 ± 7.2 Nm, Group B: 44.8 ± 6.9 Nm, P = .823). Post-treatment, Group A demonstrated significantly greater muscle strength (65.8 ± 6.5 Nm) compared to Group B (60.5 ± 5.8 Nm, P = .020). Similarly, IKDC scores improved more significantly in Group A (78.3 ± 5.4%) than in Group B (73.4 ± 5.1%, P = .015).
Conclusion: Both BFRT and PNF effectively improved muscle strength and knee function in post-ACL reconstruction patients. However, BFRT demonstrated superior outcomes, making it a valuable intervention for enhancing muscle strength and accelerating recovery.
The Contributions of Strategic Knowledge Partnerships in Enhancing Knowledge Marketing: A Case Study at the University of Mosul
Authors: Gharbi Muhammad Hussein , Danouk Ahmed Abdullah , Rashad Rushdi Arshad
Published: December 2024

Universities are markets of knowledge; they are social organizations that are influenced by society and, in turn, influence it, as they are products of society and tools for creating scientific, technical, professional, and political leadership, responsible for driving change and progress. Thus, they open their doors to everyone, allowing them to find knowledge, culture, and scientific solutions to problems within their halls. One way to open these doors is through establishing knowledge partnerships, which enhances their performance quality first, strengthens their relationships with other parties second, and activates the marketing of their knowledge to beneficiaries in particular and society in general, as it is one of their most valuable assets third. Hence, the problem of the study emerges, represented by a number of theoretical and practical questions. The study aims to answer these questions by clarifying the intellectual implications, as it is considered one of the important topics in the Iraqi environment. Therefore, correlation and influence relationships were tested using statistical programs (SPSS) and (Amos). The study was conducted on a purposive sample of (administrative leaders and senior academic ranks), which was set at (262) individuals, using a checklist as the primary tool for collecting data and information from the study sample. The study reached a number of conclusions, based on which the researcher proposed important recommendations for the organization under investigation.
Kemampuan Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Mengelola Kelas Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Di Desa Janji Angkola, Kecamatan Purbatua, Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara
Authors: Hasibuan Mhd Amin , Nasution Yassir Arafat , Nasution Ismail
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kendala yang dihadapi oleh guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam mengelola kelas di madrasah. Menggunakan metode survei kuantitatif, penelitian ini melibatkan 11 guru PAI yang diuji pengetahuannya melalui kuesioner mengenai berbagai aspek pengelolaan kelas, termasuk tingkah laku siswa, masalah kelompok, reaksi negatif kelas, serta pengaturan sarana dan tindakan korektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas guru mengalami kesulitan dalam mengelola kelas dengan tingkat pemahaman yang rendah pada beberapa aspek kritis; yaitu 63,63% tidak mampu mengenali tingkah laku siswa yang menunjukkan kekuasaan, 72,72% tidak dapat membedakan masalah individual dan kelompok, dan 81,81% tidak memahami reaksi negatif kelas terhadap anggota tertentu. Selain itu, 72,72% guru kurang memahami pengaturan sarana pembelajaran, dan 63,63% tidak mengetahui cara mengatasi pelanggaran disiplin. Kemampuan dalam menerapkan tindakan korektif dan penyembuhan juga menunjukkan kekurangan, dengan tingkat ketidakpahaman masing-masing 90,90% dan 54,54%. Temuan ini menyoroti perlunya pengembangan profesional yang lebih terfokus untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam aspek-aspek pengelolaan kelas yang kritis guna memperbaiki efektivitas proses belajar mengajar di madrasah
Tantangan dan Inovasi Pendidikan Dayah Aceh dalam Pusaran Globalisasi dan Digitalisasi
Authors: Husen Musliadi , Rusli Musliadi
Published: December 2024

Dayah atau pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam tradisional telah lama menjadi pusat pembelajaran agama di Indonesia, termasuk di Aceh. Artikel ini membahas eksistensi dayah di Aceh dalam menghadapi tantangan era modernisasi, seperti perkembangan teknologi dan globalisasi, serta peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan peran dayah. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya dayah dalam menjaga nilai-nilai tradisional Islam sambil merespons kebutuhan masyarakat modern. Melalui pendekatan analisis literatur, artikel ini mengidentifikasi tantangan, seperti ketertinggalan teknologi, dan peluang integrasi sistem pendidikan modern dalam kurikulum dayah. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa dayah tetap menjadi pilar pendidikan Islam dengan mengedepankan fleksibilitas dan adaptasi terhadap perubahan zaman.
Mažoji politika: filosofinė socialinių judėjimų studija
Authors: Pocius Kasparas
Published: December 2024

Šios mokslinės monografijos idėja – pristatyti prancūzų teoretikų Gilles'io Deleuze'o ir Félixo Guattari mažosios politikos sampratą, siejant ją ir jai gretimas sampratas su Lietuvoje XXI amžiuje veikiančių socialinių judėjimų raida. Siekiama išsiaiškinti, kaip naujai Deleuze'o ir Guattari apibrėžta kolektyvinio geismo kuriama energija leidžia kurti tai, ką britų sociologas Nicholas Thoburnas vadina mažąja politika – galimybę individams, grupėms ir judėjimams tiesiogiai dalyvauti ir kolektyviai veikti politiniame procese, kovoti už socialinę emancipaciją ir kurti autonomiškas savivaldos erdves. Tokia politika priešinama didžiajai politikai, kurioje dėmesys skiriamas valstybinių ir verslo struktūrų veiklai, o gyventojai vertinami kaip pasyvūs vykstančių procesų stebėtojai. Aiškinamasi, kaip mažoji politika veikia šiuolaikinius socialinius judėjimus, siekiama išskirti jų apraiškas dabartinėje Lietuvoje – atvejus, kai kovos už viešąsias erdves, radikalios savišvietos, kovos už dirbančiųjų teises iniciatyvos ir kiti panašūs projektai kūrybiškai angažuoja tam tikrą visuomenės dalį. Keliama hipotezė, kad šios kovos leidžia kurti tokias politinės saviraiškos formas, kurios atsiduria anapus partinės – parlamentinės politikos ribų. Šalia ankstesnėms kovoms už emancipaciją būdingo organizavimosi poreikio mažojoje politikoje išryškėja emocinio, afektyvaus bendravimo grupių viduje, vadinamo konsistencijos plokštuma, kūrimo svarba. Kita vertus, būtent toks poreikis kurti savus socialinius burbulus šiuolaikybėje parodo mažosios politikos ir naujųjų socialinių judėjimų veiklos bei galimybių ribas. Įvairioms galios formoms besipriešinantys judėjimai ir jų aktyvistai patys neišvengia jų tikslų ir geismo rekuperacijos, pajungimo naujoms galios formoms, kurias įkūnija tai, ką šiuolaikiniai teoretikai Michaelas Hardtas ir Antonio Negri pavadino Imperija. Kita vertus, paranojinės tendencijos socialinių judėjimų viduje skatina jų posūkį į kraštutinę dešinę, atsiribojimą nuo emancipacinių reikalavimų, ekstremizmą, priešiškumą atviros ir demokratiškos visuomenės kūrimui. Tokius ribotumus, kaip ir juos įvardinančias Deleuze'o ir Guattari sampratas galima kritikuoti remiantis filosofo Alaino Badiou ir psichoanalizės teoretiko Jacques'o Lacano sukurtu sąvokų aparatu. Remiantis Badiou filosofija galima kritikuoti mažojoje politikoje dalyvaujančių judėjimų uždarumą; pasitelkiant jo kuriamas sampratas mažosios politikos protagonistais galima laikyti ne socialiniais burbulais virtusias aktyvistų grupeles, bet tam tikro revoliucinio įvykio įkvėptą subjektą, kuriam būdinga ne Deleuze'o postuluota konsistencija, o paties subjekto skelbiamų tiesų kuriamas universalumas. Lacanas žmogaus pasąmonėje įžvelgia tris susijusias plotmes – įsivaizduojamybės, simbolinę ir tikrovės, ir šalia geismo pasiūlo mėgavimosi sampratą, leidžiančią vertinti judėjimų poreikius ir saviraišką nebe paranojinio draudimo, o šiuolaikiško mėgavimosi skirtumais bei įvairove kontekste.
Vilces elektrisko mašīnu stabilo vibrāciju-stiprības rādītāju nodrošināšana mainīgās frekvences un slodzes režīmos
Authors:   , Kobenkins Genādijs
Published: December 2024

Promocijas darba mērķis ir izstrādāt ritošā sastāva vilces piedziņas izpildmehānismu diagnostikas metodoloģiju un palielināt izmēģinājumu rezultātu uzticamību. Piedāvātā metodoloģija vērsta uz savlaicīgu piedziņas izpildmehānismu konstrukciju nepilnību noteikšanu vai neatbilstību drošas ekspluatācijas kritērijiem, izmantojot diagnosticējamo parametru savstarpējo ietekmi. Darbs galvenokārt veltīts potenciāli vājo konstrukcijas zonu vai to koncentrāciju un vibrācijas aktivitātes līmeņa noteikšanai, kā arī tās iespējamai ietekmei gan uz elektropiedziņas mehānisko stiprību, gan enerģētiskajiem rādītājiem.
The Ensuring of Stable Vibration-Strength Indicators of Geared Traction Motors in Variable Frequency and Load Modes
Authors:   , Kobenkins Genādijs
Published: December 2024

The Thesis aims to improve the diagnostics and reliability of asynchronous traction drives in suburban and regional rolling stock. The proposed technique is aimed at early detection of non-compliance with the requirements of reliability of the design of the drive actuators through the interrelationships of the diagnosed parameters. The Thesis focuses on the detection of potentially vulnerable areas of the structure or their concentration, the establishment of the level of vibrationactivity and their possible influence on both the strength and energy parameters of the electric drive.
Jelena Tomić-Bokur (1889–1961) – pirmā valsts atzītā sieviete inženiere arhitekte Dienvidslāvijā
Authors: B. Ladinski Vladimir
Published: December 2024

2023. gadā RTU IVPC zinātniskajā žurnālā «Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture» publicēts autora pētījums «Pirmie inženieri un arhitekti, kuri dzimuši pašreizējās Ziemeļmaķedonijas teritorijā» par pirmajiem inženieriem un arhitektiem, kuri ir dzimuši, strādājuši vai dzīvojuši pašreizējās Ziemeļmaķedonijas teritorijā. Šajā rakstā autors turpina detalizētāk pētīt pirmās sievietes arhitektes Dienvidslāvijā veikumu inženierzinātnēs un viņas personību, galveno uzmanību pievēršot pirmās 1919. gadā valsts atzītās sievietes inženieres arhitektes Dienvidslāvijā Jelena Tomić-Bokur (dzim. Tomić; 1889–1961), Belgradas Universitātes Tehniskās fakultātes absolventes (1913), dzīvei un darbam. Rakstā apskatīta viņas 24 gadus ilgā profesionālā karjera no 1913. līdz 1937. gadam Serbijas Karalistē un Serbu, Horvātu un Slovēņu Karalistē / Dienvidslāvijā, akcentējot viņas darbības gadus Skopjē (1915– 1923). Pētījums sniedz ieguldījumu inženierzinātņu un arhitektūras vēsturē Ziemeļmaķedonijā un plašāk, vienlaikus izpētot kontekstu, kādā Serbijā un bijušajā Dienvidslāvijā augstāko izglītību ieguva pirmās sievietes profesionāles.
SOCIAL WORK WITH MIGRANTS – ILLUSION OR REALITY: THE CASE OF SARAJEVO CANTON
Authors: Gadžo Šašić Sabira , Repovac Nikšić Valida
Published: December 2024

The first decades of the 21st century were marked by crises that brought numerous negative changes. The migrant crisis is just one of many such crises in this period, and it escalated during the so-called coronavirus crisis. The difficult position of the people on the move and the need to engage important actors in the migrant crisis response are just some of the aspects examined in this text. It also theoretically describes po- tential approaches for experts, particularly regarding social work with migrants. The challenges and difficulties faced by experts in working with this socially excluded group were identified by means of a quali- tative analysis.
Representation of historical and cultural heritage in the Academic Museum as a factor in preserving and strengthening intercultural dialogue at the regional level (based on the materials of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the IES UFRC RAS)
Authors: Kamaletdinov Dalmir Azgarovich
Published: December 2024

The presentation of material and spiritual culture in the museum's humanitarian exposition is an effective tool for the formation and preservation of historical memory about the daily life of the population at different stages of human evolution. The images conveyed through individual exhibits make it possible to draw people's attention to the lost traditions of the past. The subject of the research is the representation of historical and cultural heritage in the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the IES UFRC RAS, which is one of the important factors in preserving and strengthening intercultural dialogue in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The article provides a brief description of the museum space, as well as highlights that the objects and collections housed in the exhibition halls emphasize the common cultural ties between the different peoples (Turkic, East Slavic and Finno-Ugric) of the multiethnic region. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, generalization) and special historical methods (historical-comparative, principle of historicism, systematic approach) were used in the preparation of the work. The conducted research has shown that the museum representation of the collected and systematized scientific funds (archaeological and ethnographic collections) acts as a resource for the formation of ideological attitudes of the inhabitants of the republic. Intercultural dialogue is achieved by overcoming stereotypes, expanding ideas about the early stages of the history of the Southern Urals and the and Pre-Ural, and sharing objective knowledge about the indigenous people and migrants of the region. Folk traditions and customs reflected in ethnic culture not only emphasize the specifics of the cultural landscape of the territorial space, but also manifest themselves as factors in establishing interethnic understanding in regional society. The prospects for further scientific development of the stated topic may be related to the study of the place and role of the academic museum: in intercultural communication using digital technologies; in the development of identity of the population; in the formation of historical consciousness of the inhabitants of the republic and the Ural-Volga region.
Overview of Nigeria’s Infrastructural Development
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara, Audu Muhammad Onoruiza , Adeiza Otu Muhammed ,   Department of Architecture, Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara
Published: December 2024

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of Nigeria’s infrastructural development from 2014 to 2023, focusing on significant achievements and recurring challenges. The study examines key projects in transportation, energy, and housing, such as the Abuja-Kaduna and Lagos-Ibadan railways, the Azura-Edo Power Plant, and urban road upgrades. Persistent issues, including insufficient funding, regulatory inefficiencies, regional disparities, and security challenges, are also assessed. Using a mixed-methods approach that incorporates a literature review, data analysis, and stakeholder perspectives, the research evaluates the social and economic effects of these initiatives. The findings provide strategic recommendations to improve infrastructure quality and accessibility, promote sustainable practices, and support long-term economic development.
Analytical Study on The Intensity of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) in Kaduna State
Authors:   Departmenet of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Onibaba Paul , Otokiti Kolade Victor ,   Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands, Ademola Oluwabukola Grace ,   Departmenet of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Akanle Temitope ,   Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
Published: December 2024

Urbanization and climate change are significant drivers of rising Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the formation of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), which have emerged as pressing environmental challenges in recent decades. This study examines the relationship between Land Use/Cover (LU/C) indices and LST in Kaduna, Nigeria, using multi-temporal Landsat imagery spanning five periods from 2001 to 2021. LST values were derived from the Landsat thermal bands, while LU/C dynamics were identified using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier algorithm. LU/C indices—including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI)—were generated to evaluate their correlation with LST. The results highlight a substantial increase in built-up areas over the 20-year period, accompanied by rising LST values, particularly over bare land and built-up regions, while water bodies exhibited the lowest LST values. Among the LU/C indices, NDBI showed the strongest positive correlation with LST, emphasizing the influence of urban expansion on surface thermal dynamics. The study underscores the critical need for sustainable urban planning and holistic design strategies to mitigate rising LST and SUHI effects in rapidly urbanizing regions like Kaduna.
Three-dimensional single-cell transcriptome imaging of thick tissues
Authors: Fang Rongxin , Halpern Aaron , Rahman Mohammed Mostafizur , Huang Zhengkai , Lei Zhiyun , Hell Sebastian J , Dulac Catherine , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

Multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) allows genome-scale imaging of RNAs in individual cells in intact tissues. To date, MERFISH has been applied to image thin-tissue samples of ~10 µm thickness. Here, we present a thick-tissue three-dimensional (3D) MERFISH imaging method, which uses confocal microscopy for optical sectioning, deep learning for increasing imaging speed and quality, as well as sample preparation and imaging protocol optimized for thick samples. We demonstrated 3D MERFISH on mouse brain tissue sections of up to 200 µm thickness with high detection efficiency and accuracy. We anticipate that 3D thick-tissue MERFISH imaging will broaden the scope of questions that can be addressed by spatial genomics.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of adapting pathogens and host immunity
Authors: Barrat-Charlaix Pierre , Neher Richard A
Published: December 2024

As pathogens spread in a population of hosts, immunity is built up, and the pool of susceptible individuals are depleted. This generates selective pressure, to which many human RNA viruses, such as influenza virus or SARS-CoV-2, respond with rapid antigenic evolution and frequent emergence of immune evasive variants. However, the host’s immune systems adapt, and older immune responses wane, such that escape variants only enjoy a growth advantage for a limited time. If variant growth dynamics and reshaping of host-immunity operate on comparable time scales, viral adaptation is determined by eco-evolutionary interactions that are not captured by models of rapid evolution in a fixed environment. Here, we use a Susceptible/Infected model to describe the interaction between an evolving viral population in a dynamic but immunologically diverse host population. We show that depending on strain cross-immunity, heterogeneity of the host population, and durability of immune responses, escape variants initially grow exponentially, but lose their growth advantage before reaching high frequencies. Their subsequent dynamics follows an anomalous random walk determined by future escape variants and results in variant trajectories that are unpredictable. This model can explain the apparent contradiction between the clearly adaptive nature of antigenic evolution and the quasi-neutral dynamics of high-frequency variants observed for influenza viruses.
Effect of salt stress on different tiller positions in rice and the regulatory effect of prohexadione calcium
Authors: Zhang Rongjun , Zheng Dianfeng , Feng Naijie , Linfeng Linfeng , Ma Jinning , Yuan Xiayi , Huang Junyu , Huang Lisha
Published: December 2024

Soil salinization has resulted in a significant decrease in crop yields, particularly affecting the production of crops like rice (Oryza sativa L.). Prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca) can enhance crop resilience against failure by managing plant height. However, its impact on various tiller positions during the tillering phase of rice under salt stress remains unknown. This study explores the distinct effects of salt stress on the physiological traits of the main stem and different tiller segments of rice plants, along with the role of Pro-Ca in mitigating salt stress. The findings revealed that under salt stress conditions, the number of tillers and leaves on the main stem decreased significantly in rice. Moreover, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 in the leaves and stems of each tiller position notably increased. The percentage of tillers experiencing reduction or elevation was higher than that of the main stem compared to the respective control. Application of Pro-Ca through foliar spraying under NaCl stress effectively alleviated the impact of salt stress on the tiller growth of rice during the tillering phase. It also boosted the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves and stems of the tillers. Furthermore, it successfully mitigated the damage inflicted by salt stress on the cell membrane of rice tillers during the tillering phase. The regulatory effect of calcium on cyclic acid was particularly pronounced in alleviating the impact on the tillers under salt stress conditions.
The influence of aging on the load capacity of adhesive lap joints made of aluminum alloy EN AW-2024-T3
Authors: Ozga Ewelina , Zielecki Władysław
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of environmental ageing on the load capacity of single-lap adhesive joints made of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy, subjected to and not subjected to pneumatic shot peening. Adhesive joints were made using two-component epoxy adhesive Loctite EA 3430. Half of the formed joints were strengthened by pneumatic shot peening of the overlap zone. The shot peening time was 120 s, the ball diameter was 1.0 mm, and the compressed air pressure was 0.5 MPa. The adhesive joints were then subjected to different variants of ageing in natural conditions. Individual variants differed in the length of ageing. The next step was to examine the load capacity of the adhesive joints using a static tensile test. The results were subjected to statistical analyzes, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression and correlation analysis, and Student's t test. Based on the analyzes, it was found that for the assumed range of input factor variability, ageing of joints not subjected to shot peening increased their load capacity by 38%. Aging of joints strengthened by shot peening resulted in a 62% decrease in their load capacity. The ageing length had a significant effect on the load capacity of the adhesive joints.
Effect of Different Levels of Poultry Manure on Growth and Yield of a Maranthus Plant (Amaranthus hybridus) in Obio Akpa, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: O. R Akata, , O. A Essien, , F. E Ben, , J. K. Enyong, , N. E Tochukwu,
Published: December 2024

The field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research farm of Akwa Ibom State University Obio Akpa campus, in 201 B to determine the Optimum Poultry manure rate for Amaranthus. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The treatments were four rates of poultry manure and 6 t/ha) Growth and yield parameters were assessed, and data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance difference at 5% probability. Results showed that poultry manure rate had significant (pe 0.05) effects on all the growth and yield parameters assessed except stem girth. The treatment that received 6 t/ ha performed best in all the parameters, while the least was recorded from the control treatment. The application of 6 t/ ha poultry manure, produced 12:19 t/ha fresh foliage yield, followed by the plot that received 4 t/ha poultry (1 1.33 t/ha), The treatment of 2 t/ha produced 7.70 t/ha foliage yield. The lowest foliage yield of 3.18 t/ha was harvested from the control plot the application of poultry manure also enhanced dry matter accumulation. The plot of 6 t/ha poultry manure produced 30.71g matter, while the control treatment had 33.14g. Therefore, the study recommended the application of 4t/ha poultry manure for optimum fresh foliage yield and dry matter accumulation.
Interactive Effect of Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide on LAI and NDVI in Wheat Crop
Authors: Apoorva Mathikere Shivaraju , Nayak S Harshita , Sindhu Dinesh
Published: December 2024

Climate change, characterized by elevated temperature and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, poses significant challenges to global agricultural systems. This study investigates the effects of elevated temperature and CO₂ on key growth parameters, including Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Controlled environment experiments were conducted to simulate future climate conditions, combining varying temperature regimes with elevated CO₂ level. Maximum LAI found under ECO2 condition followed by AMB, ECT and ET respectively. LAI showed the same trend with respect to treatments irrespective of the CO2 and temperature level i.e. SCU> NCU> NANO> CONTROL. NDVI also maximum at anthesis stage compared to maximum tillering and near maturity stage. With respect to fertilizer treatments, NDVI showed the same trend as LAI under different interactions of elevated CO2 and temperature. However, higher temperatures alone negatively affected these parameters by accelerating senescence and reducing leaf expansion. When elevated CO₂ and temperature were combined, a partial mitigation of temperature stress was observed, although the extent of mitigation varied depending on the growth stage. This study highlights the complex interactions between temperature and CO₂, underscoring the need for adaptive agronomic strategies to sustain wheat productivity in changing climate.
Improved Efficiency for Silicon‐Based Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Interfacial Hydrophilic Modification
Authors: Yan Minxing , Tian Hongjun , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun
Published: October 2021

Silicon‐based perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) possess great potential in the fields of silicon‐based display devices and on‐chip light sources. However, the contact problem between metal electrodes and solution‐processed hole/electron transport layers generally deteriorates the device performance. Here, an interfacial hydrophilic modification strategy is proposed to solve the contact issue between the metal electrode and the hole transport layer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) in Si‐based PeLEDs. By introducing an ultrathin NiOx buffer layer on the hydrophobic Au bottom electrode, the morphology of the PEDOT:PSS layer as well as the luminescence properties of the quasi‐2D perovskite layer spin‐coated on top of it are able to be dramatically improved. As a result, the optimized Si‐based PeLEDs reach a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.46% with a current efficiency of 19.7 cd A−1, which is the highest value for Si‐based quasi‐2D PeLEDs to the authors’ knowledge.
A Precisely‐Controlled Multichannel Phononic Crystal Resonant Cavity
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Jia Zhiyuan , Luo Yangjun , Wang Yaguang , Liu Pai , Kang Zhan
Published: October 2021

Designing multichannel phononic crystal (PnC) resonant cavities working at certain frequencies is highly nontrivial because the defect band location within the band gap must be precisely located. This paper discloses a new methodology of the topological design for the precisely‐controlled PnC resonant cavity. A two‐stage topological design strategy is proposed to determine the frequency ranges of the forbidden and defect bands successively. Complicated topologies of the supercell are represented only with dozens of design variables based on material‐field series expansion model and can be optimized with a gradient‐free optimization algorithm. Different PnC resonant cavity configurations that are difficult to obtain through traditional design methods are realized through the proposed strategy. A multichannel energy harvester is thus designed with the optimized supercell configurations. The device demonstrates a high localization effect (>300%), high frequency resolution of the incident wave (≈0.2 kHz), and a 2 mW power output.
Endoscopic features of high‐risk T1 colorectal cancer: A case report with literature review
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Tse , Chiu Han‐Mo , Chang Li‐Chun
Published: October 2021

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan. Endoscopic resection is the treatment of choice for stage I colorectal cancer without risk of lymph node metastases. Unfavorable histological features predict high‐risk neoplasm; in addition, surface change of T1 cancer under image‐enhanced endoscopy also help recognition of high‐risk neoplasm. Through the case presentation, we aim to demonstrate how to discriminate the high‐risk T1 cancer from the low‐risk counterpart by image‐enhanced endoscopy. A 35‐year‐old woman without systemic diseases received screening colonoscopy, and one 1 cm IIa + IIc neoplasm was found at the transverse colon. The image‐enhanced endoscopy showed JNET type 3 under narrow band imaging, and Kudo type VI with demarcation line and focal VN at central depressed area under chromoendoscopy with crystal violet. Under an impression of high‐risk T1 cancer, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed, and the pathology showed well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis, pT1N1M0. A multidiscipline approach integrating gross morphological features, NBI, and magnifying chromoendoscopy should be applied in regular daily practice. Molecular diagnosis may aid to increase the specificity of prediction of lymph node metastases in the future. Further investigations using artificial intelligence, machine learning, or other new techniques to improve the accuracy is still warranted.
A case of “smoldering” immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura manifesting as recurrent cardioembolic stroke
Authors: Pepin Mark E. , Saca Eyad , Kwon Soo Y. , May Jori
Published: October 2021

Prompt recognition and treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are critical to prevent the irreversible manifestations of this rare and quickly fatal hematologic disorder. Untreated TTP is typically a rapid‐onset disease with mortality exceeding 90% within days in the absence of appropriate treatment. In the current report, we describe a case of immune‐mediated TTP (iTTP) in a 62‐year‐old man manifesting as longstanding thrombocytopenia, recurrent cardioembolic strokes, and valvular thrombogenesis over a period of 3 years. We provide correlative evidence to support the potential contribution of adalimumab, a TNFα inhibitor, to the development of iTTP. We offer several educational insights regarding the identification of atypical presentations of iTTP owing to the longstanding disease course and numerous clinical comorbidities seen in this patient.
Constitutional Dynamic Inhibition/Activation of Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Su Dandan , Zhang Yan , Ulrich Sébastien , Barboiu Mihail
Published: October 2021

Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Mihail Barboiu from Institut Européen des Membranes and Dr. Sebastien Ulrich from Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Montpellier, France and Prof. Yan Zhang from Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. The cover feature shows an artistic concept describing an evolutionary approach to the generation of dynamic inhibitors and activators of Carbonic Anhydrase toward constitutional self‐selection strategies. More information can be found in the Minireview by Mihail Barboiu, and co‐workers.
Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation in fine needle aspiration of thyroid gland: Report of two cases
Authors: Manukyan Irena , DeBrito Pedro , Rossi Christopher T. , Russo Pierre A. , Sidawy Mary
Published: October 2021

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation (SETTLE) is a rare, malignant tumor of the thyroid gland that typically affects young males and has a propensity for late metastasis. With fine needle aspiration (FNA) being a primary tool for diagnosis of thyroid lesions, there are rare reports of cytological features of SETTLE on FNA since its initial characterization 30 years ago . Here we report two cases of SETTLE, involving 9‐year‐old and 15‐year‐old male patients. Both patients underwent US‐guided FNA with a subsequent resection confirming the diagnosis of SETTLE. In the first patient the thymic origin of the tumor was suspected on FNA, but the diagnosis of SETTLE was established only after resection. Five years later, this patient presented with an enlarged ipsilateral cervical lymph node. Needle biopsy confirmed it to be a metastatic tumor compatible with SETTLE. In the second patient the diagnosis of SETTLE was suggested on FNA. Cytology of the thyroid gland nodule on FNA from both patients showed loosely cohesive and single spindle‐shaped epithelial cells associated with metachromatic stroma. The differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions of the thyroid should include SETTLE based on characteristic morphological features, after more common entities of thyroid gland such as medullary carcinoma are excluded.
Preparation of flexible thin films from epitaxially grown anatase Nb: TiO2 using water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer
Authors: Hiraoka Akihiro , Fujiwara Kohei , Nishikawa Hiroaki
Published: October 2021

With the aim of developing new electronic functionalities for flexible devices, a transfer process for the preparation of flexible conductive thin films was examined using epitaxially grown anatase Nb: TiO2. Using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) was deposited on a single‐crystalline LaAlO3 (100) substrate (LAO) as a sacrificial layer, followed by the epitaxial growth of anatase Nb: TiO2 on the sacrificial layer. The Nb: TiO2/SAO/LAO multilayer sample bonded onto a flexible polymer sheet via an adhesive tape was soaked into distilled water to transfer the epitaxially grown Nb: TiO2 thin film from SAO/LAO to the polymer sheet. The transferred anatase Nb: TiO2 thin film retained the clear X‐ray diffraction peaks. Moreover, the areal transfer ratio was almost 100%, without the generation of significant impurity phases during the transfer process. On the basis of these results, the examined process was found promising for the preparation of flexible anatase Nb: TiO2 thin films. The voltage drop–current characteristics were measured successfully at room temperature for the transferred anatase Nb: TiO2 thin film using the standard four‐probe method with gold electrodes.
Alteration of the flow distribution at a river bifurcation caused by a system of upstream dams: Case of the Grijalva River basin, Mexico
Authors: Mendoza Alejandro , Berezowsky Moisés , Caballero Christian , Arganis‐Juárez Maritza
Published: October 2021

Multiple factors control the flow distribution in a river bifurcation. However, one factor that requires further analysis is the effect of upstream reservoirs. Such is the case of the bifurcation of the Mezcalapa River into the Samaria and Carrizal Rivers located in the lowlands of the Grijalva River basin, Mexico. Four dams were commissioned in the upper basin, the first in 1967 and the last in 1987. Since the late 1960s the distribution of the flow at the bifurcation has varied considerably. The flow captured by the Carrizal River between the late 1960s and mid 1980s gradually decreased from 40% to 10%, and later, between the mid 1980s and early 2000s, it increased up to 75%. During the same period, the Samaria River had a reversed pattern. Here, using a two‐dimensional hydro‐morphodynamical model, the impact of an upstream reservoir (that causes homogenization of the flow hydrograph and sediment retention) on bed morphology and flow distribution in a river bifurcation is analyzed. The results indicate that the sediment retention is the factor of largest impact on the flow distribution. The upstream channel incises, and the process propagates to the diffluent with the larger energy gradient developing positive feedback were the erosion increases the hydraulic capacity to capture more flow, resulting in more erosion. The flow homogenization has also an impact. The suppression of peak flows reduces the sediment load capacity in the diffluent with lower energy gradient, generating sedimentation at its entrance and diminishing its hydraulic capacity.