bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADQUISICIÓN Y EXTINCIÓN DE RESPUESTAS DISCRETAS VS SECUENCIAS DE RESPUESTAS
Authors:   Instituto de Neurociencias. Universidad de Guadalajara. México, Alonso Orozco Ixel , Martínez Sánchez Héctor , Bachá Méndez Gustavo ,   Instituto de Neurociencias. Universidad de Guadalajara. México,   Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: September 2023

El estudio evaluó las diferencias en las curvas de adquisición y de extinción en ratas. Los animales fueron entrenados para obtener alimento mediante una respuesta discreta en una palanca o la ejecución de una secuencia de dos respuestas. Un grupo de cuatro ratas trabajó en un programa de razón fija dos (RF2) y otro grupo de seis animales realizando una secuencia de dos respuestas a dos operandos. Las secuencias tenían una estructura heterogénea (alternar entre los dos operandos, izquierda-derecha o derecha-izquierda) o bien, una estructura homogénea (repetir dos respuestas sobre un operando, izquierda-izquierda o derecha-derecha). En la fase de adquisición, los animales del grupo con secuencias debieron ejecutar una de las cuatro posibles secuencias para obtener el reforzador. En el otro grupo, las ratas obtenían el reforzador trabajando bajo un programa de RF2. Cuando un animal obtenía mil reforzadores, independientemente del grupo al que perteneciera se programó una condición de extinción que se mantuvo durante 20 sesiones. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en las curvas de adquisición entre los grupos. Las curvas de adquisición de los animales que ejecutaron secuencias heterogéneas presentaron una asíntota menor que la ejecución de secuencias homogéneas y de aquellas del grupo RF2. Durante la fase de extinción se observó que para el grupo RF2, la frecuencia de la respuesta llegó a niveles cercanos a cero en menos de 10 sesiones. En esta misma fase, los grupos que ejecutaron algún tipo de secuencias, mantuvieron una frecuencia de 20 secuencias por sesión durante las 20 sesiones que duró esta fase. Un análisis de las secuencias no reforzadas revela algunos efectos de inducción. Los resultados son discutidos en el contexto del uso de una unidad conductual distinta a la operante discreta utilizada de manera tradicional y de las implicaciones de esto en el papel de la unidad conductual elegida.
Culture et management dans les pays du Sud : peut-on dépasser la théorie de la modernisation ?
Authors: YOUSFI Hèla
Published: September 2023

The lack of consensus on the definition of concepts such as “culture” and “development” as well as the dominance of modernization theory explain the difficulties faced in identifying a clear theoretical framework for understanding the influence of culture both on economic development trajectories and organizational practices. In this article, I will examine the main controversies that have shaped the literature within which the relationship between culture, economic development and management has been debated. Then, I will highlight the need to go beyond the tradition/modernity dichotomy associated with modernization theory to offer new ways of thinking about the influence of culture in building and implementing effective organizational practices in countries from the Global South.
La Legislación turística española y la configuración del camping como modalidad de alojamiento desde la perspectiva de Cantabria
Authors: García Cuadriello María del Mar
Published: September 2023

El análisis de la legislación turística proporciona una utilísima primera aproximación en el estudio de la oferta de alojamiento española. Especialmente en el caso de los Campamentos Públicos de Turismo (campings), ello es debido a que la tendencia imperante en las sucesivas normativas ha sido asimilar situaciones ya consolidadas en la práctica del sector, más que a la futura ordenación del mismo.
La Investigación turística en España
Authors: Antón Clavé Salvador , López Palomeque Francisco , Marchena Gómez Manuel J. , Vera Rebollo José Fernando
Published: September 2023

Hasta los años setenta los aspectos geográficos del turismo y el ocio quedaron relegados en la Geografía Española al ámbito de las monografías locales y regionales. En los años setenta y, de forma más clara e intensa, en los años ochenta la investigación turística en Geografía aumentó notablemente en comparación con las décadas anteriores. La causa podría establecerse en nuevos intereses de una renovada comunidad científica universitaria; el reconocimiento de la importancia del turismo como transformador y mantenedor de las estructuras territoriales; y la observación de la actividad turística como un hecho geográfico complejo y variado en sus manifestaciones espaciales.
Comunicación interpretativa
Authors: Traverso Cortés Joaquín
Published: September 2023

En el presente trabajo se aborda el cambio en las estructuras turísticas sufridas en las últimas décadas. Dentro del marco del turismo rural se analizan los efectos económicos, medioambientales y antrópicos que este tiene para la zona de actuación donde se desarrolla. Hemos estudiado la eficacia de las variables de marketing, en especial de la "comunicación", como colchón amortiguador de los efectos negativos y potenciador de los positivos. Dentro de la variable "comunicación" profundizamos en una comunicación interpretativa-formativa frente a una mera comunicación informativa dado que, de esta forma, podremos socializar al visitante con el entorno salvaguardando los intereses de ambos. Como principal conclusión y dentro del papel relevante que juega la variable "comunicación", podríamos indicar que en el proceso comunicacional no sólo es necesario informar de los beneficios de nuestro producto, sino que además debemos asegurarnos de que la información sea "interpretada" con el sentido que ha sido transmitida.
Probiotic Chewing Gums for Adjuctive Treatment of Periodontitis in Diabetics
Authors: RASHMİ DURGA Kalyanam , S Ravındra , HALAMİ Prakash M
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION; The treatment of Periodontal disease in Diabetic subjects should also focus on lowering blood glucose levels, which might act as an adjuvant to conventional Periodontal treatment. In the form of Probiotics, Bacterial therapy offers a dual role in controlling blood glycemic levels and reducing colonization of oral bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in managing Periodontitis among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic subjects.
METHODOLOGY; This study was designed as a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial among Diabetic and Non-diabetic subjects with Periodontitis. Twenty-four subjects in each Diabetic and non-diabetic group were randomly assigned into two probiotic test sub-groups and one placebo sub-group. Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760 and Bifidobacterium longum NCIM5684 probiotic chewing gums were provided to subjects in test groups to use twice a day for 30 days. Supragingival plaque samples were collected at baseline and 30 days to analyze total bacterial count and subgingival plaque for P.gingivalis, A.actinomycetemcomitans through qPCR. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 30, 45, and 90 days.
RESULTS; After 30 days, a significant reduction in PI, GI, PPD, and Gingival bleeding Index was observed in SRP and SRP+Probiotic groups. There is a significant reduction in total bacterial count among probiotic groups compared to placebo. PCR analysis revealed non-significant reduction of p.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans in test groups. Intergroup comparison between Diabetic and Non-diabetic groups did not show any significant differences either in clinical or microbial parameters.
CONCLUSION; Probiotic functional foods can be delivered as an adjunct to SRP to manage Periodontitis in systemically compromised subjects. Long-time use of probiotics is recommended to maintain the recolonization of bacteria in periodontal tissues.
Root Resorption in the Permanent Teeth. A Review
Authors: SHARKİ Ammar , ALİ Ahmed
Published: September 2023

The loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic activity is known as root resorption. It is unwanted and pathological in permanent teeth. Root resorption may happen within the root canal called internal root resorption or on the outer surface of the root called external root resorption. Regardless of where it occurs, root resorption is irreparable, can cause pain for the patient, necessitates treatment, and in some circumstances, resulting in the early loss of the affected tooth. It might be challenging to precisely diagnose and treat root resorption. There is limited information within literatures on root resorption therefore this review aims to understand the radiological and clinical characteristics of root resorption with evaluation of their effect in accurate diagnosis and management of root resorption in permanent teeth.
Effects of Surface Characteristics of Conventionally Manufactured, CAD/CAM Milled, and 3D-Printed Interim Materials on Adherence of Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans
Authors: TAŞIN Simge , GÜVENİR Meryem , ISMATULLAEV Artur
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare conventionally manufactured, CAD/CAM milled, and 3D-printed interim materials based on their susceptibility to adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, and examine the influence of surface roughness and hydrophobicity.
Materials and Methods: Eighty disc-shaped specimens fabricated from autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (A-PMMA), bis-acryl composite (Bis-acrylate), CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymer (Milled-PMMA), and 3D-printed resin (Printed) were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles (5-55 °C) and divided into two groups (n=10) according to microbial suspension used: Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Surface roughness (Ra) and hydrophobicity (WCA) of specimens were measured. An adhesion test was performed by incubating the specimens in Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans suspensions at 37 °C for 24 hours, and the adherent cells were evaluated by counting colony-forming units (CFU/ml). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze the surfaces (n=2). Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to determine correlation among the measurements (α=.05).
Results: Type of restorative material significantly influenced Ra and WCA. The highest adhesion of Streptococcus mutans was observed in Printed, followed by Bis-acrylate, A-PMMA, and Milled-PMMA (p=.001). The highest adhesion of Candida albicans was noted on A-PMMA, followed by Printed, Bis-acrylate, and Milled-PMMA (r=.001). The adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (r=.660) and Candida albicans (r=.413) showed a positive correlation with Ra. A negative correlation was found between WCA of the materials and Streptococcus mutans adhesion (r=-.373).
Conclusions: Surface roughness plays an important role in the adherence of microorganisms. CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymers may be a better choice to reduce microbial adhesion in long-term use.
Osteosarcoma of Maxilla - An Unusual Entity: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: HAMEED Shehna , ANTO Anlin , VENGAL Manoj , KOLİKKAL RAMACHAMPARAMBATHU Ashir , SAMPATH Prejith
Published: September 2023

Malignant bone tumors are rare malignancies of which osteosarcomas are the most common considering bone marrow tumors are excluded. They account for approximately 6-10% of jaw lesions and affect the mandible more often than the maxilla. A review of literature shows there are rare cases of osteosarcomas reported in the maxilla; however, given the lack of specific signs and a diverse range of radiographic features, the diagnosis is often difficult and requires a multidisciplinary discussion. This is the case report of a 56-year-old female presenting a well-defined, dome-shaped firm swelling with radiographic features of extensive destruction of the buccal cortical bone in the maxillary right posterior region. Early diagnosis helped in the better prognosis of the patient. She is undergoing regular follow-ups to ensure no recurrences of this aggressive lesion. Osteosarcoma of the jaw is difficult to diagnose and manage due to the high frequency of errors in biopsy results, the few specific radiological characteristics, and difficulties in appropriate resections because of the proximity to vital structures. Through the years, the survival of patients has greatly improved, due to an aggressive systemic approach and refined surgical and reconstructive techniques. However, for purposes of management, emphasis should be laid on the aggressiveness of this lesion which warrants an early identification and diagnosis of the lesion followed by prompt treatment.
Effects of T-PRF and A-PRF on the Osteogenic Biomarkers in Intrabony Defects of Periodontitis Patients
Authors: SÜME KEŞİR Siddika Selva , HENDEK Meltem , KISA Üçler , OLGUN Ebru
Published: September 2023

Background: Different derivatives of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have been developed but the efficacy of these derivatives in tissue healing and regeneration is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of titanium-prepared PRF (T-PRF) and advanced PRF (A-PRF) on osteogenic biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and clinical parameters.
Methods: Seventeen systemically healthy participants with 30 bilateral infrabony defects were recruited. Following phase I periodontal therapy, intrabony defects were treated either with A-PRF+open flap debridement (OFD) or T-PRF+OFD. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) was recorded at the baseline and 6th month after treatment. GCF samples were collected at the baseline and 3rd, 6th months after surgery. Nuclear factor receptor activator (RANK), receptor activator nuclear kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) in GCF samples were analyzed by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: In both groups, statistically significant changes were observed in clinical parameters, however, there was no difference between the groups. In terms of osteogenic biomarkers in GCF, there were no statistically significant differences between and within the groups.
Conclusion: Different derivatives of PRF can be used to enhance the clinical outcomes of intrabony defects in periodontitis.
Evaluation of the Effect of Brushing on Vickers Microhardness of Acrylic Denture Base Resins Polymerized by Different Techniques
Authors: GÖKÇİMEN Gülsüm , DESTE GÖKAY Gonca , OYAR Perihan , RONA Nergiz , DURKAN Rukiye
Published: September 2023

Objectives: In selecting a denture base material, different polymerization techniques might be considered to avoid adverse effects of brushing on the microhardness of the acrylic resin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brushing effect on Vickers microhardness of acrylic denture base resins polymerized by different techniques.
Material and Methods: One hundred disk-shaped specimens (15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) were fabricated from each acrylic resin (Integra and FuturaJet). Five different polymerization techniques were tested (n=20): conventional water-bath polymerization, short autoclave polymerization (60°C for 30 minutes, then 130°C for 10 minutes), long autoclave polymerization (60°C for 30 minutes, then 130°C for 20 minutes), injection-molding polymerization and auto-polymerization. Half of the specimens were subjected to simulated brushing in an automatic brushing machine using 54 000 brush strokes for each specimen. All specimens were then submitted to Vickers hardness test with a 300-g load for 15 s. Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test were used for results analysis, which were statistically significant at p < 0.05.
Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the control and brushing groups in all polymerization techniques (p < 0.05). Autopolymerized acrylic resin group showed significantly lower microhardness values than water bath, short and long autoclave polymerized resins in control and brushing groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Autopolymerization technique might has some disadvantages on avoid adverse effects of brushing on the microhardness, therefore tehniques of polymerization should be considered as microhardness of acrylic denture base resins.
Analyzing Content and Information Quality of Instagram® Posts About #teethwhitening
Authors: BULDUR Mehmet , MİSİLLİ Tuğba , AYAN Gizem
Published: September 2023

Objectives; Getting information on health issues from social media applications provides benefits to patients; however, different types of content can lead to the development of inappropriate norms. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the content and information quality of Instagram® posts about teeth whitening.
Materials and Methods; The first 100 posts were included in the three search periods, which started in October 2022 and were carried out at two-week intervals. (n=300) The #teethwhitening hashtag, which was determined as a trend topic in each search period, was used. The content of the posts was analyzed over eight questions, whereas their general information quality was analyzed according to the modified DISCERN analysis on seven questions. The demographic data of the posts were evaluated in two parts: a) account and b) data of the post. The distribution of the user questions and other (#) hashtags mentioned in the posts were also analyzed.
Results; 191 posts were excluded from the research. 42% (n=46) of the posts had “low” information content. In addition, the mean value of the content was 2.77 (min 0, max 8/n=109). The mean score in the modified DISCERN score was 11.83 (min 7, max 35/n=109). 53% (n= 57) of the posts were related either to prosthetic treatments alone or to combined treatments that included prosthetic procedures. Most of the posts mentioned the hashtag "#veneer/s". Questions such as cost, duration of treatment, and appointment procedures were also asked as comments under the posts.
Conclusion; It can be stated that the content and information quality of Instagram® posts about #teethwhitening are insufficient and may direct patients to more interventional invasive treatment options.
Comparison of the Effect of the Same Polishing Method on the Surface Roughness of Conventional, CAD/CAM Milling and 3D Printing Denture Base Materials
Authors: DEMİRKOL Didem , TUĞUT Faik
Published: September 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both the same polishing method and those with and without thermal aging on the surface roughness of conventional, CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing denture base materials.

Materials and Methods: A total of 30 round shaped specimens were obtained by 3 different methods (n=10): Conventional, CAD/CAM milling and 3D-Printing. After applying the same polishing technique to all groups, surface roughness values were measured. Profilometer device was used for surface roughness measurement. Then, after the thermal aging of all samples, surface roughness values were measured and the roughness values between no-thermocycling and thermocycling were compared. Tukey, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used statistically. P values of ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: As a result of the same polishing process, there was a difference in surface roughness in all groups. While the highest surface roughness values were seen in 3D-printing, the lowest roughness value was seen in the CAD/CAM milling and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Thermocycling did not show a statistically significant difference in surface roughness (p>0.05).

Conclusions: The same polishing process caused different surface roughness values in the denture base materials obtained with different methods, and the lowest surface roughness value was seen in the CAD/CAM milling.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Intracranial Pressure during Rapid Maxillary Expansion
Authors: MAZLUM Zeynep , BASER Baris , İMAMOĞLU Melih
Published: September 2023

Hızlı Maksiller Genişletme sürecinde Kafa içi Basıncının Ultrasonografik Değerlendirilmesi
Özet
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; maksillar transversal yetersizliği bulunan hastalarda uygulanan hızlı genişletme protokolünün kafa içi basıncı üzerine etkilerini optik sinir kılıf çapını ultrason ile ölçerek değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Bu prospektif gözlemsel çalışma posterior çapraz kapanışı olan 25 genç hastadan (ortalama yaş 13.10 ± 1.20) oluşmaktadır. Hastaların tamamına hızlı maksillar genişletme için akrilik kaplı hyrax apareyi uygulandı. İlk vida aktivasyonundan hemen önce (T0) hastalar monitörize edildi, vital bulgular kaydedildi ve optik sinir kılıfı çapı ultrason ile ölçüldü. Bu ölçümler 1 (T1), 10 (T2) ve 60 dakika (T3) sonra tekrarlandı. Aktif genişletme tedavisinin son seansında aynı ölçümler ilk aktivasyon esnasındaki gibi uygulandı. (T4, T5, T6 ve T7). Hastaların vida aktivasyonları (T1, T5) sırasındaki ağrı değerleri de not edildi. (VRS-4). Sonuçlar istatiksel olarak p<0.05 düzeyinde anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Optik sinir kılıf çapının vida aktivasyonundan sonraki ilk 1 dakika içinde anlamlı derecede arttığı görüldü (p<0.01). Aktif genişletme tedavi sürecinde başlangıç (T0) ve bitiş (T1) optik sinir kılıf çaplarında ise anlamlı değişim görülmedi (p<0.01).
Sonuç: Kafa içi basıncı vida aktivasyonunu takiben artmakta anca aktif genişletme tedavisinin sonunda otoregule olmaktadır.
Anahtar kelimeler: hızlı maksiller genişletme; intrakraniyal basınç; optik sinir kılıfı çapı; ultrasonografi.
Reproductive characteristics and gametogenic cycle of the scleractinian coral Dendrophyllia ramea
Authors: Orejas Covadonga , Antón-Sempere Silvia , Terrón-Sigler Alexis , Grau Amalia
Published: September 2023

The present study marks a pioneering investigation into the reproductive cycle of the scleractinian coral Dendrophyllia ramea. This is one of the first reproduction studies conducted in the Mediterranean Sea for a colonial azooxanthellate coral. Coral samples were collected in 2017 (May and October) and 2018 (February and July) in the Alborán Sea (SW Mediterranean). This location was selected due to its rarity as one of the few sites where this species thrives at depths shallower than 40 m. These samples were used to study the sexual patterns, fertilization mechanisms and gametogenic cycles by means of histological techniques. To broaden the scope, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data from open access databases have been considered to explore the potential influence of these environmental factors as triggers for gamete development and spawning time. The findings cast D. ramea as a gonochoric species, since no hermaphroditic specimens were observed among the analysed samples. Additionally, the lack of larvae and embryos in any of the analysed polyps, suggest that this species is fertilised externally. Two oocyte cohorts have been detected simultaneously, hinting at a yearly reproductive cycle, characterised by a prolonged oocyte maturation and seasonal spawning period taking place between August and October. Nevertheless, D. ramea display a low fecundity compared to other scleractinians inhabiting deep waters. Lastly, the early stages of gametogenesis seem to be coupled with the highest Chl-a values (i.e., March and December), whereas spawning takes place throughout the warmest period of the year (August to October).
“¡El país argentinoide!”: representaciones de cuerpos-mercancías en ¿Sueñan los gauchoides con ñandúes eléctricos? de Michel Nieva y Kentukis de Samanta Schweblin
Authors:   , Hidalgo Santis Juan José
Published: September 2023

La presente tesis explora representaciones de cuerpos-mercancías en dos textos argentinos recientes: ¿Sueñan los gauchoides con ñandúes eléctricos? de Michel Nieva y Kentukis de Samanta Schweblin. Para aquello se indaga en las variadas concepciones sobre el cuerpo en su conexión con el concepto de mercancía. El análisis se enfoca en los diálogos, pensamientos y acciones de los personajes, y en su relación con las diversas tecnologías que aparecen en cada obra. Asimismo, también se plantea que los cuerpos-máquinas que habitan en las historias son proyecciones humanas que permiten postular su carácter mercantil. Todos estos elementos son abordados con la finalidad de analizar críticamente el rol de los cuerpos y el reinado de la mercancía en la sociedad actual.
Efeitos da cocirculação Dengue e SARS-CoV-2 na América Latina
Authors: Silva Isadora Karoline , Oliveira João Pedro Silva Faleiro , Apparecido Rafael Guedes de Freitas , Oda Juliano Yasuo , Machado Aline Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues , Machado Alex Martins
Published: September 2023

Introdução: Países da América Latina, sofreram com a pandemia de Covid-19, porém ainda enfrentavam conjuntamente, outras endemias, como as causadas por arbovíurs, principalmente, pelo vírus Dengue (DENV). Objetivo: realizar uma revisão integrada da literatura a fim de reunir e sintetizar os materiais encontrados na literatura acerca dos impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 ao cenário da dengue na América Latina e responder ao questionamento: “Como a pandemia de Covid-19 afetou os casos de dengue na América Latina? ” Metodologia: Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa em bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e LILACS, com os descritores Coinfection AND Dengue AND Covid-19. Resultados: foram selecionados 9 artigos, que evidenciaram que durante a pandemia de Covid-19 houve negligencia às arboviroses, limitações e impacto econômicos/administrativos no controle da dengue, empecilhos no diagnóstico de ambas patologias, complicações geradas pela coinfecção DENV e SARS-CoV-2 bem como variação do número de casos de dengue durante esse período. Os artigos selecionados apresentaram bom nível de evidência, e baixo risco de viés.  Conclusão: a cocirculação entre DENV e SARS-CoV-2 é fator desencadeador de efeitos prejudiciais à toda uma estrutura biopsicossocial e fisiopatológica, demandando ampliação de pesquisas acerca dessa temática, haja vista a reduzida quantidade de achados sobre o assunto.
Copolymers
Authors: Ballard Nicholas
Published: September 2023

This article provides an overview of the preparation, properties, use, and characterization of synthetic copolymers. The range of different copolymer structures that can be synthesized using current methods is detailed and the current IUPAC‐recommended nomenclature for naming these structures is explained. Techniques for the production of copolymers are discussed, with an emphasis on the types of copolymers and copolymer structures attainable through each polymerization technique. Industrially important random, alternating, block, graft, star, and hyperbranched copolymers are described in terms of the processes used to produce them and the properties achieved. Their main uses and major producers are also detailed.
Lanthanide‐Based Luminescence for Medical Diagnostic and Imaging
Authors: Bünzli Jean‐Claude G.
Published: September 2023

The need for accurate and, possibly, real‐time medical imaging is growing substantially, particularly in view of the development of personalized medicine, image‐guided surgery, and theranostics. These needs include not only morphologic evidence but also crucial metabolic information that can only be gained if single‐molecule imaging and tracking can effectively be achieved. Important parameters are sensitivity, resolution, penetration depth, ease of implementation and processing, and cost. Among the various techniques developed to date, such as X‐ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, proton emission tomography, or scintigraphy, each has specific advantages, but none meets all the desired criteria. Optical imaging is filling some gaps, particularly with respect to resolution and ease of implementation. The scope of this article narrows down to lanthanide‐based luminescence imaging taking advantage of specific properties of 4f–4f transitions: narrow bands, large induced Stokes shifts, long lifetime, and little sensitivity to the chemical environment of the bioprobe.

Challenges in luminescence microscopy and nanoscopy are first discussed before focusing on lanthanide chelates in highly selective and sensitive immunoassays, in vitro and in vivo bioimaging, and theranostics with photodynamic treatment of cancer being highlighted. Next, the various aspects of lanthanide inorganic nanoparticles as bioprobes are overviewed, exemplifying the advantages they have over other probes. Upconversion, persistent luminescence, and dye‐sensitized nanoparticles are highly attractive, and their incorporation into complex biological systems is instrumental for imaging, drug delivery, and monitoring that are essential aspects of biomedicine.
Inorganic Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Saparov Bayram
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, there has been remarkable progress in the field of photovoltaics, direct conversion of essentially limitless (sun)light into electricity using semiconductor materials. These include significant advances in materials processing and improvements in device efficiencies, and steep declines in the materials and processing costs. The commercialized PV technologies so far all utilize inorganic semiconductors as solar absorbers due to their notable advantages such as record high power conversion efficiencies, low cost, and durability. However, significant challenges remain including material and performance deficiencies of the state‐of‐the‐art inorganic photovoltaic materials. The emerging novel inorganic semiconductors aim to address some of the key issues of commercialized photovoltaic materials. This article reviews established inorganic photovoltaic materials and new candidate photovoltaic materials with a focus on their crystal chemistry.
The Electronic and Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Zintl Pnictides
Authors: Ogunbunmi Michael O. , Bobev Svilen
Published: September 2023

Research on Zintl pnictides has continued to garner significant interest over the course of the past several decades. These compounds fall at the border of the typical valence‐precise and the typical intermetallic compounds, and are characterized by intrinsic narrow bandgaps, thus making them especially suited for developing excellent thermoelectrics, photovoltaic cells, and long‐wavelength detector materials. In recent times, attention has also been drawn to these phases for identifying promising topological quantum materials, which are of great interest in the scientific community. In this article, we present some aspects of our ongoing research endeavors on the synthesis of new Zintl pnictides and also discuss their structure–bonding–property relationships based on a suite of combined electronic and transport property measurements and theoretical models. Of special note in several of the presented phases is their intricate atomic bonding and a large unit cell volume, which can drive the realization of ultralow lattice thermal conductivity in such materials. We further highlight the promising thermoelectric properties of selected materials and provide some perspectives on future investigations into optimizing their properties.
Preparation of Graphite/Ferrite/Resin‐Based Composite High‐Efficiency Wave‐Absorbing Materials by Selective Laser Sintering
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Haihua , Deng Kaixin , Jiang Jiantang , Yang Zenghui , Zhang Renjing
Published: September 2023

Herein, graphite/Fe3O4/resin‐based composite absorbers are prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS) and vacuum impregnation of epoxy resin. The effects of different graphite–Fe3O4 powder compositions on the absorbing and mechanical properties of the composites are investigated. The results show that with the increase of Fe3O4 content, the absorption performance of the composites first increases and then decreases, and the absorption peak gradually moves from high frequency (12–18 GHz) to low frequency (2–8 GHz). The bending strength of composites decreases with the increasing of Fe3O4 content. When the mass ratio of graphite–Fe3O4 is 4:3, the wave absorption performance is the best, the minimum reflection loss is −54.8 dB, the effective absorption bandwidth is 2.8 GHz (8.72–11.52 GHz), and the bending strength is 11 MPa, which is 9 times higher than that of SLS plain billets. This is because the increase of the Fe3O4 content in the hybrid powder increases the number of heterogeneous interfaces, but decreases the number of holes inside the composite, which affects the number of microwave reflections inside the material, resulting in different wave absorption and mechanical properties. The graphite/ferrite/resin matrix composites prepared by SLS technology achieve the synergy of lightweight, high strength, and good wave absorption properties.
Direct reduction of diluted CO2 gas to C2 products by copper hydroxyphosphate microrods
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Yunliang , Yu Qing , Zhang Qiankang , Si Zhanbo , Li Haitao , Xu Hui
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is widely researched in recent years. However, direct electro‐reduction of diluted CO2 to C2 products is seldomly studied. In this work, electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with different concentrations were conducted on Cu2(PO4)(OH) catalysts. The catalytic performance in diluted CO2 is comparable with that in pure CO2 by using Cu2(PO4)(OH) as catalyst. Besides, the selectivity of C2 product is still as high as 64.6% in 50%CO2 concentration. The normalized C2 current density of Cu2(PO4)(OH) was over 6.8 times higher than that of commonly used Cu2O–Cu catalyst with similar size. In situ Raman spectroscopy proved that Cu+ is the main active site at higher potentials. More importantly, a higher local pH is realized under diluted CO2 test conditions which is favorable for promoting C–C coupling. Finally, in situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy was performed to further monitor and identify the adsorbed intermediates and help reveal the mechanism for the catalysts.
Polydimethylsiloxane Foam‐Based Fully 3D Printed Soft Pressure Sensors
Authors: Karagiorgis Xenofon , Khandelwal Gaurav , Beniwal Ajay , Chirila Radu , Skabara Peter J. , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: September 2023

Highly sensitive pressure sensors, with a wide operating range, are needed in applications such as wearables, prostheses, and haptic‐based interactive systems. Herein, fully 3D printed capacitive pressure sensors comprising polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam‐based dielectric layer, sandwiched between the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate and silver nanowire‐based electrodes, are presented. The printed electrodes exhibit excellent electrical properties (1.6 Ω sq−1, 20.35 kS m−1) and bendability. Various ratios of PDMS to ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) are evaluated to obtain dielectric layer with optimum pore sizes for better performance and ease of fabrication. The device with a PDMS:NH4HCO3 ratio of 4:0.8 exhibits a linear response with a sensitivity of 0.0055 kPa−1 in the tested pressure range of 5–170 kPa. The fully 3D printed sensors also show excellent repeatability over 500 cycles with an average hysteresis of 1.53%, and fast response and recovery times of 89 and 195 ms, respectively. The superiority of the presented 3D printed foam‐based device is confirmed by 30% higher sensitivity in comparison with PDMS‐based sensors. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept, the pressure sensors presented in this study are assessed for their suitability in underwater environments and touch‐based object recognition.
Visual search in Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Eraslan Boz Hatice , Koçoğlu Koray , Akkoyun Müge , Tüfekci Işıl Yağmur , Ekin Merve , Akdal Gülden
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

Visual search impairment is a potential cognitive marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The aim of this study is to compare eye movements during visual tracking in AD and aMCI patients versus healthy controls (HCs).

METHODS

A prospective cohort study included 32 AD and 37 aMCI patients, and 33 HCs. Each participant was asked to look at the target object in a visual stimulus containing one target and eight distractors, and eye movements were recorded with EyeLink 1000 Plus.

RESULTS

AD patients had fewer fixations and shorter target fixation duration than aMCI patients and HCs. Fixation durations were also shorter in aMCI patients compared to HCs. Also, AD patients were more fixated on distractors than HCs.

DISCUSSION

Our findings revealed that visual search is impaired in the early stages of AD and even aMCI, highlighting the importance of addressing visual processes in the Alzheimer's continuum.

Highlights

AD patients looked to distractors more and longer than the target compared to aMCI patients and older healthy individuals.

aMCI patients had an impaired visual search pattern compared to healthy controls, just like patients with AD.

The visual search task differentiated AD and aMCI patients from healthy individuals without dementia.
Ein bidentates Antimon‐Pniktogenbrücken‐Wirtsystem
Authors: Beckmann J. Louis , Krieft Jonas , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: September 2023

Ein zweizähniges Pniktogenbrücken‐Wirtsystem auf der Basis von 1,8‐Diethinylanthracen wurde mittels einer selektiven Zinn‐Antimon‐Austauschreaktion hergestellt und auf seine Fähigkeit untersucht, als Lewis‐saure Wirtskomponente für die Komplexierung von Lewis‐basischen oder anionischen Gästen zu fungieren. In dieser Arbeit wurde mit der C≡C−Sb(C2F5)2‐Gruppe eine neuartige Akzeptorfunktion etabliert, mit der das Potenzial von Antimon(III)‐Funktionen als Vertreter der kaum erforschten Pniktogenbrücken‐Donatoren untersucht werden kann. Die Akzeptorfähigkeit dieses teilfluorierten Wirtsystems wurde gegenüber Halogenidanionen (Cl−, Br−, I−), Dimethylchalkogeniden Me2Y (Y = O, S, Se, Te) und Stickstoffheterozyklen (Pyridin, Pyrimidin) untersucht. Einblicke in das Adduktbildungsverhalten sowie die Bindungssituation solcher E⋅⋅⋅Sb−CF‐Einheiten wurden in Lösung mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie, im festen Zustand durch Röntgenbeugung, durch Elementaranalysen sowie durch rechnerische Methoden (DFT, QTAIM, IQA) gewonnen.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Furfural Oxidation over CuOx/Nb2O5
Authors: Ren Puning , Zhou Yue , Su Kaiyi , Sun Lulu , Luo Nengchao , Wang Feng
Published: September 2023

Maleic anhydride (MA) is an important polyester monomer that can be produced from oxidizing renewable furfural derived from biomass. However, MA generation from furfural requires harsh reaction conditions, and suffers from low efficiency and solvent corrosion. Herein, we design a Nb2O5 photocatalyst loaded of highly dispersed CuOx (CuOx/Nb2O5), which selectively catalyzes furfural oxidation to MA and the precursor (5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone, HF). Due to CuOx loading and forming a complex of ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) between the Nb2O5 surface and adsorbed furfural, the CuOx/Nb2O5 absorbs visible light to activate furfural though Nb2O5 has a large band‐gap energy (3.2 eV). Singlet oxygen (1O2) is the key active species for C−C bond cleavage and CO generation. MA and HF is produced with a combined yield of 59 % under optimized conditions. This work provides a mild way to provide renewable maleic anhydride via oxidative C−C bond cleavage.
W. M. Keck observatory instrumentation status and future direction
Authors: Kassis Marc , Allen Steven L. , Alverez Carlos , Baker Ashley , Banyal Ravinder K. , Bertz Robert , Beichman Charles , Brown Aaron , Brown Matthew , Bundy Kevin , Cabak Gerald , Cetre Sylvain , Chin Jason , Chun Mark R. , Cooke Jeff , Delorme Jacques , Deich William , Dekany Richard G. , Devenot Mark , Doppmann Greg , Edelstein Jerry , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Fucik Jason R. , Gao Maodong , Gibson Steve , Gillingham Peter R. , Gomez Percy , Gottschalk Colby , Halverson Sam , Hill Grant , Hinz Philip , Holden Bradford P. , Howard Andrew W. , Jones Tucker , Jovanovic Nemanja , Kirby Evan , Krishnan Shanti , Kupke Renate , Lanclos Kyle , Larkin James E. , Leifer Stephanie D. , Lewis Hilton A. , Lilley Scott , Lu Jessica R. , Lyke James E. , MacDonald Nicholas , Martin Christopher , Mather John , Matuszewski Mateusz , Mawet Dimitri , McCarney Ben , McGurk Rosalie , Marin Eduardo , Millar‐Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Nance Craig , Nash Reston B. , Neill James D. , O'Meara John M. , Peretz Eliad , Poppett Claire , Konopacky Quinn , Radovan Matthew V. , Ragland Sam , Rider Kodi , Roberts Mitsuko , Rockosi Constance , Rubenzahl Ryan , Sallum Stephanie , Sandford Dale , Savage Maureen , Simha Sunil , Skemer Andy J. , Steidel Charles C. , Stelter Richard D. , Surendran Avinash , Walawender Josh , Westfall Kyle B. , Wizinowich Peter , Wright Shelley , Yeh Sherry
Published: September 2023

Since the start of science operations in 1993, the twin 10‐m W. M. Keck Observatory (WMKO) telescopes have continued to maximize their scientific impact and to produce transformative discoveries that keep the observing community on the frontiers of astronomical research. Upgraded capabilities and new instrumentation are provided through collaborative partnerships with Caltech, the University of California, and the University of Hawaii instrument development teams along with industry and other organizations. The observatory adapts and responds to the observers' evolving needs as defined in the observatory's strategic plan periodically refreshed in collaboration with the science community. This paper is an overview of the instrumentation projects that range from commissioning to early conceptual stages. An emphasis is placed on the detector, detector controllers, and capability needs that are driven by the desired future technology defined in the 2022 strategic plan.
Why use or forgo formal and informal appropriation mechanisms? A qualitative study of sustainable innovations from small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Morales Pablo , Flikkema Meindert , Castaldi Carolina , de Man Ard‐Pieter
Published: September 2023

The role that appropriation mechanisms such as patents and secrecy play in sustainable innovation is currently being debated. In particular, we lack an understanding of the different motives behind using or forgoing specific appropriation mechanisms. Current knowledge is mainly derived from the general innovation literature, which emphasizes profiting from innovation. However, sustainable innovators also seek to positively impact the environment and society, which raises the question of whether existing appropriation literature also applies to sustainable innovation. We interviewed 42 business leaders from small‐to‐medium‐sized enterprises concerning a recently commercialized sustainable innovation. The results indicate that known motives from the general innovation literature apply to sustainable innovation but also reveal motives specific to sustainable innovation. We also discovered motives suitable to all innovations, such as non‐disclosure agreement motives extending beyond achieving secrecy. Theoretically, our findings suggest the profiting from innovation framework may also apply to sustainable innovation, even though the pursuit of profits is not the only motive of sustainable innovators. In practical terms, the results help sustainable innovators to craft an appropriation strategy, and policy‐related opportunities arise for improving patent and trademark filing experiences.
An MRI‐based machine learning radiomics can predict short‐term response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Xin Zhonghong , Yan Wanying , Feng Yibo , Yunzhi Li , Zhang Yaping , Wang Dawei , Chen Weidao , Peng Jianhong , Guo Cheng , Chen Zixian , Wang Xiaohui , Zhu Jun , Lei Junqiang
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become an essential component of the comprehensive treatment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). However, not all patients respond to chemotherapy due to individual differences in sensitivity and tolerance to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, accurately predicting the sensitivity of CSCC patients to NACT was vital for individual chemotherapy. This study aims to construct a machine learning radiomics model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess its efficacy in predicting NACT susceptibility among CSCC patients.

Methods

This study included 234 patients with CSCC from two hospitals, who were divided into a training set (n = 180), a testing set (n = 20), and an external validation set (n = 34). Manual radiomic features were extracted from transverse section MRI images, and feature selection was performed using the recursive feature elimination (RFE) method. A prediction model was then generated using three machine learning algorithms, namely logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machines (SVM), for predicting NACT susceptibility. The model's performance was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, and sensitivity.

Results

The SVM approach achieves the highest scores on both the testing set and the external validation set. In the testing set and external validation set, the AUC of the model was 0.88 and 0.764, and the accuracy was 0.90 and 0.853, the sensitivity was 0.93 and 0.962, respectively.

Conclusions

Machine learning radiomics models based on MRI images have achieved satisfactory performance in predicting the sensitivity of NACT in CSCC patients with high accuracy and robustness, which has great significance for the treatment and personalized medicine of CSCC patients.
Unlocking High‐Performance Supercapacitor Behavior and Sustained Chemical Stability of 2D Metallic CrSe2 by Optimal Electrolyte Selection
Authors: Li Weihao , Wolff Niklas , Kumar Samuel Arun , Wang Yuanshen , Georgiev Vihar P. , Kienle Lorenz , Ganin Alexey Y.
Published: September 2023

Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with the ability to rapidly charge and discharge, making them a valuable complement to battery systems. To maximize their fast‐charging capabilities, identifying materials and methods to enhance their energy density is crucial. In this work, we carried out a comprehensive study of an emerging 2D dichalcogenide, CrSe2, as a supercapacitor material. We demonstrate that CrSe2 can be obtained at ambient temperature through deintercalation of a relevant KCrSe2 precursor using a 0.5 M solution of I2 in acetonitrile. Although CrSe2 decomposed in 1 M KOH, it was found to be chemically stable in common electrolytes such as H2SO4, Li2SO4, and Na2SO4. Despite low surface area CrSe2 reached a specific capacitance of 27 F g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 and, thus consistently outperformed high surface carbon black. Computational studies suggested that the metallic conductivity of CrSe2 was likely the primary factor contributing to the superior performance of this 2D chalcogenide over high surface carbon analogues.
Catalyst‐ and Substrate‐Controlled Regiodivergent Synthesis of Carbazoles through Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Indole‐Functionalized Alkynols
Authors: Solas Marta , Muñoz‐Torres Miguel A. , Martínez‐Lara Fernando , Renedo Lorena , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel , Sanz Roberto
Published: September 2023

A wide variety of regioselectively substituted carbazole derivatives can be synthesized by the gold‐catalyzed cyclization of alkynols bearing an indol‐3‐yl and an additional group at the homopropargylic positions. The regioselectivity of the process can be controlled by both the oxidation state of the gold catalyst and the electronic nature of the substituents of the alkynol moiety. The 1,2‐alkyl migration in the spiroindoleninium intermediate, generated after indole attack to the activated alkyne, is favored with gold(I) complexes and for electron‐rich aromatic substituents at the homopropargylic position, whereas the 1,2‐alkenyl shift is preferred when using gold(III) salts and for alkyl or non‐electron‐rich aromatic groups.