bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater
Authors: Tafesh Ahmed , Najami Naim , Jadoun Jeries , Halahlih Fares , Riepl Herbert , Azaizeh Hassan
Published: May 2011

Polyphenols or phenolic compounds are groups of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and found in olive mill wastewater (OMW). Phenolic compounds as well as OMW extracts were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Most of the tested phenols were not effective against the four bacterial strains when tested as single compounds at concentrations of up to 1000 μg mL−1. Hydroxytyrosol at 400 μg mL−1 caused complete growth inhibition of the four strains. Gallic acid was effective at 200, and 400 μg mL−1 against S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, respectively, but not against the gram negative bacteria. An OMW fraction called AntiSolvent was obtained after the addition of ethanol to the crude OMW. HPLC analysis of AntiSolvent fraction revealed that this fraction contains mainly hydroxytyrosol (10.3%), verbascoside (7.4%), and tyrosol (2.6%). The combinations of AntiSolvent/gallic acid were tested using the low minimal inhibitory concentrations which revealed that 50/100–100/100 μg mL−1 caused complete growth inhibition of the four strains. These results suggest that OMW specific fractions augmented with natural phenolic ingredients may be utilized as a source of bioactive compounds to control pathogenic bacteria.
The Role of CXCR3 in the Induction of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Wen , Fei Yunyun , Gao Jinming , Liu Bin , Zhang Fengchun
Published: May 2011

Objective. Investigate whether CXCR3 and its ligands were involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in an autoimmune cholangitis animal model.Methods. Female C57BL/6 mice were injected with 5 mg/kg of poly I:C intraperitoneally twice a week for 24 weeks. PBC model was confirmed by liver function, serum autoantibodies and liver biopsy. Lymphocytes subsets in liver and spleen and CXCL10 serum level were tested by flow cytometry and ELISA. Liver specimens were collected to evaluate the differences in pathology between WT and CXCR3−/−mice.Results. Antimitochondrial antibody was detected in all PBC model. Numbers of infiltrates were detected in the portal areas 8 weeks after poly I:C injection, which progressed up to 24 weeks. Compared to control mice, CXCL10 serum level increased in PBC mice and the proportion of CXCR3+cells increased in the intrahepatic infiltrates of PBC mice, chiefly on CD8+cells, whereas the expression of CXCR3 on CD3+and CD8+splenocytes decreased in PBC model. Compared with WT mice, CXCR3−/−mice developed delayed and milder progression of cellular inflammation.Conculsions. CXCR3 might contribute to the development of PBC in murine model. Knockout of CXCR3 might delay and alleviate the PBC disease progression, but could not entirely block the disease development.
Rapid Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanowires by Annealing Methods on Seed Layers
Authors: Shim Jang Bo , Chang Hyuk , Kim Sung-O
Published: May 2011

Well-aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays were successfully synthesized on a glass substrate using the rapid microwave heating process. The ZnO seed layers were produced by spinning the precursor solutions onto the substrate. Among coatings, the ZnO seed layers were annealed at 100°C for 5 minutes to ensure particle adhesion to the glass surface in air, nitrogen, and vacuum atmospheres. The annealing treatment of the ZnO seed layer was most important for achieving the high quality of ZnO nanowire arrays as ZnO seed nanoparticles of larger than 30 nm in diameter evolve into ZnO nanowire arrays. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a single-crystalline lattice of the ZnO nanowires. Because of their low power (140 W), low operating temperatures (90°C), easy fabrication (variable microwave sintering system), and low cost (90% cost reduction compared with gas condensation methods), high quality ZnO nanowires created with the rapid microwave heating process show great promise for use in flexible solar cells and flexible display devices.
Properness and Topological Degree for Nonlocal Reaction‐Diffusion Operators
Authors: Apreutesei N. , Volpert V.
Published: May 2011

The paper is devoted to integro‐differential operators, which correspond to nonlocal reaction‐diffusion equations considered on the whole axis. Their Fredholm property
and properness will be proved. This will allow one to define the topological degree.
Neutropenia and Neutropenic Complications in ABVD Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Vakkalanka Bhanu , Link Brian K.
Published: May 2011

A combination of Adriamycin (a.k.a. Doxorubicin), Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine (ABVD) is the most commonly used chemotherapy regime for Hodgkin lymphoma. This highly effective treatment is associated with a significant risk of neutropenia. Various strategies are adopted to counter this commonly encountered problem, including dose modification, use of colony stimulating factors, and prophylactic or therapeutic use of antibiotics. Data to support these approaches is somewhat controversial, and in keeping with the paucity of definitive evidence, there is a wide disparity in the management of neutropenia in patients receiving ABVD chemotherapy. This paper summarizes the evidence for managing ABVD-related neutropenia during the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma.
Psychosocial Characteristics and Obstetric Health of Women Attending a Specialist Substance Use Antenatal Clinic in a Large Metropolitan Hospital
Authors: Burns Lucy , Conroy Elizabeth , Moore Elizabeth A. , Hutchinson Delyse , Haber Paul S.
Published: May 2011

Objective. This paper reports the findings comparing the obstetrical health, antenatal care, and psychosocial characteristics of pregnant women with a known history of substance dependence (n=41) and a comparison group of pregnant women attending a general antenatal clinic (n=47).Method. Face-to-face interviews were used to assess obstetrical health, antenatal care, physical and mental functioning, substance use, and exposure to violence.Results. The substance-dependent group had more difficulty accessing antenatal care and reported more obstetrical health complications during pregnancy. Women in the substance-dependent group were more likely to report not wanting to become pregnant and were less likely to report using birth control at the time of conception.Conclusions. The profile of pregnant women (in specialised antenatal care for substance dependence) is one of severe disadvantage and poor health. The challenge is to develop and resource innovative and effective multisectoral systems to educate women and provide effective care for both women and infants.
One‐Dimensional Problem of a Conducting Viscous Fluid with One Relaxation Time
Authors: Samaan Angail A.
Published: May 2011

We introduce a magnetohydrodynamic model of boundary‐layer equations for conducting viscous fluids. This model is applied to study the effects of free convection currents with thermal relaxation time on the flow of a viscous conducting fluid. The method of the matrix exponential formulation for these equations is introduced. The resulting formulation together with the Laplace transform technique is applied to a variety problems. The effects of a plane distribution of heat sources on the whole and semispace are studied. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically for the problem.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Biomarkers of Neuroaxonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dujmovic Irena
Published: May 2011

Following emerging evidence that neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) are present from its early stages, an intensive scientific interest has been directed to biomarkers of neuro-axonal damage in body fluids of MS patients. Recent research has introduced new candidate biomarkers but also elucidated pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the well-known ones. This paper reviews the existing data on blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in MS and highlights their relation to clinical parameters, as well as their potential predictive value to estimate future disease course, disability, and treatment response. Strategies for future research in this field are suggested.
On Some Integral Operators for Certain Classes of p‐Valent Functions
Authors: Vijayvargy Lokesh , Goswami Pranay , Malik Bushra
Published: May 2011

We study some generalized integral operators for the classes of p‐valent
functions with bounded radius and boundary rotation. Our work generalizes many
previously known results. Many of our results are best possible.
Appendicoumbilical Fistula: A Rare Reason for Neonatal Umbilical Mass
Authors: Cevik M. , Boleken M. E. , Kadıoglu E.
Published: May 2011

The normal umbilicus is a simple structure, but the intrauterine development of the umbilicus is highly complex. Neonatal umbilical mass anomalies usually represent failure of obliteration of the vitelline duct or the allantois which results in persistence of remnants, which can lead to a wide variety of disorders. In this paper, we present a case of an appendicoumbilical fistula in a neonate along with the differential diagnosis and management options. Embryologic explanation of the etiology was discussed with the possible association with different forms of malpositioning and rotation of the gut.
Feasibility of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A New Technique for En Bloc Resection of a Large Superficial Tumor in the Colon and Rectum
Authors: Shono T. , Ishikawa K. , Ochiai Y. , Nakao M. , Togawa O. , Nishimura M. , Arai S. , Nonaka K. , Sasaki Y. , Kita H.
Published: May 2011

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a promising procedure that enables en bloc resection of large superficial tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand, ESD in the colon and rectum is technically difficult to perform because of its anatomical features. At our institution, 137 consecutive superficial colorectal tumors larger than 20 mm in diameter in 137 patients were treated by ESD between April 2007 and October 2010, and 132 lesions were successfully resected. The average procedure time was 79.2 minutes, and the rate of en bloc resection was 89.1% (122/137). The rate of complete resection, defined as en bloc resection with tumor-free lateral and vertical margins, was 85.4% (117/137). The rate of perforation was 3.6% (5/137). Colorectal ESD achieved a high rate of en bloc resection and complete resection and is applicable in the colorectum.
Perceived Differences in the Management of Mental Health Patients in Remote and Rural Australia and Strategies for Improvement: Findings from a National Qualitative Study of Emergency Clinicians
Authors: Jelinek G. A. , Weiland T. J. , Mackinlay C. , Hill N. , Gerdtz M. F.
Published: May 2011

Introduction. We aimed to describe perceptions of Australian emergency clinicians of differences in management of mental health patients in rural and remote Australia compared with metropolitan hospitals, and what could be improved.Methods. Descriptive exploratory study using semi-structured telephone interviews of doctors and nurses in Australian emergency departments (EDs), stratified to represent states and territories and rural or metropolitan location. Content analysis of responses developed themes and sub-themes.Results. Of 39 doctors and 32 nurses responding to email invitation, 20 doctors and 16 nurses were interviewed. Major themes were resources/environment, staff and patient issues. Clinicians noted lack of access in rural areas to psychiatric support services, especially alcohol and drug services, limited referral options, and a lack of knowledge, understanding and acceptance of mental health issues. The clinicians suggested resource, education and guideline improvements, wanting better access to mental health experts in rural areas, better support networks and visiting specialist coverage, and educational courses tailored to the needs of rural clinicians.Conclusion. Clinicians managing mental health patients in rural and remote Australian EDs lack resources, support services and referral capacity, and access to appropriate education and training. Improvements would better enable access to support and referral services, and educational opportunities.
Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanotube Paste in the Determination of Chlorphenvinphos
Authors: Oliveira A. C. , Mascaro L. H.
Published: May 2011

An amperometric biosensor for chlorphenvinphos (organophosphorus pesticide) based on carbon nanotube paste and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (CNTs-AChE biosensor) is described herein. This CNTs-AChE biosensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The SEM result shows the presence of CNTs and small lumps, due to the enzyme AChE, which has a type of cauliflower formation. From EIS analysis is possible to observe increasedRtcfor CNTs-AChE biosensor when compared to the carbon nanotube paste electrode for the reaction [Fe(CN)6]4−/3−. Using a chronoamperometric procedure, a linear analytical curve was observed in the4.90×10-7–7.46×10-6 M range with limit of detection of1.15×10−7 M. The determination of chlorphenvinphos in the insecticide sample proved to be in agreement with the standard spectrophotometric method, with a 95% confidence level and with a relative error lower than 3%. In this way, the CNTs-AChE biosensor presented easy preparation, fast response, sensitivity, durability, good repeatability, and reproducibility.
Fuzzy Small Submodule and Jacobson L‐Radical
Authors: Rahman Saifur , Saikia Helen K.
Published: May 2011

Using the notion of fuzzy small submodules of a module, we introduce the concept of fuzzy coessential extension of a fuzzy submodule of a module. We attempt to investigate various properties of fuzzy small submodules of a module. A necessary and sufficient condition for fuzzy small submodules is established. We investigate the nature of fuzzy small submodules of a module under fuzzy direct sum. Fuzzy small submodules of a module are characterized in terms of fuzzy quotient modules. This characterization gives rise to some results on fuzzy coessential extensions. Finally, a relation between small L‐submodules and Jacobson L‐radical is established.
Evaluation of the Reliability of Electronic Medical Record Data in Identifying Comorbid Conditions among Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Muehlenbein Catherine E. , Hoverman J. Russell , Gruschkus Stephen K. , Forsyth Michael , Chen Clara , Lopez William , Lawson Anthony , Hartnett Heather J. , Pohl Gerhardt
Published: May 2011

Background. Traditional methods for identifying comorbidity data in EMRs have relied primarily on costly and time-consuming manual chart review. The purpose of this study was to validate a strategy of electronically searching EMR data to identify comorbidities among cancer patients.Methods. Advanced stage NSCLC patients (N=2,513) who received chemotherapy from 7/1/2006 to 6/30/2008 were identified using iKnowMed, US Oncology's proprietary oncology-specific EMR system. EMR data were searched for documentation of comorbidities common to advanced stage cancer patients. The search was conducted by a series of programmatic queries on standardized information including concomitant illnesses, patient history, review of systems, and diagnoses other than cancer. The validity of the comorbidity information that we derived from the EMR search was compared to the chart review gold standard in a random sample of 450 patients for whom the EMR search yielded no indication of comorbidities. Negative predictive values were calculated.Results. The overall prevalence of comorbidities of 22%. Overall negative predictive value was 0.92 in the 450 patients randomly sampled patients (36 of 450 were found to have evidence of comorbidities on chart review).Conclusion. Results of this study suggest that efficient queries/text searches of EMR data may provide reliable data on comorbid conditions among cancer patients.
IL-4R Drives Dedifferentiation, Mitogenesis, and Metastasis in Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Hosoyama Tohru , Aslam Mohammed Imran , Abraham Jinu , Prajapati Suresh I. , Nishijo Koichi , Michalek Joel E. , Zarzabal Lee Ann , Nelon Laura D. , Guttridge Denis C. , Rubin Brian P. , Keller Charles
Published: May 2011

Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. The alveolar subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a paradigm for refractory and incurable solid tumors because more than half of the children at diagnosis have either regional lymph node or distant metastases. These studies follow our previous observation that Interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is upregulated in both human and murine ARMS, and that the IL-4R signaling pathway may be a target for abrogating tumor progression.

Experimental Design: By in vitro biochemical and cell biology studies as well as preclinical studies using a genetically engineered mouse model, we evaluated the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in IL-4R–mediated mitogenesis, myodifferentiation, and tumor progression.

Results: IL-4 and IL-13 ligands accelerated tumor cell growth and activated STAT6, Akt, or MAPK signaling pathways in the human RMS cell lines, RD and Rh30, as well as in mouse primary ARMS cell cultures. IL-4 and IL-13 treatment also decreased protein expression of myogenic differentiation factors MyoD and Myogenin, indicating a loss of muscle differentiation. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of ARMS, we have shown that inhibition of IL-4R signaling pathway with a neutralizing antibody has a profound effect on the frequency of lymph node and pulmonary metastases, resulting in significant survival extension in vivo.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that an IL-4R-dependent signaling pathway regulates tumor cell progression in RMS, and inhibition of this pathway could be a promising adjuvant therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2757–66. ©2011 AACR.
FUS-CREB3L2/L1–Positive Sarcomas Show a Specific Gene Expression Profile with Upregulation of CD24 and FOXL1
Authors: Möller Emely , Hornick Jason L. , Magnusson Linda , Veerla Srinivas , Domanski Henryk A. , Mertens Fredrik
Published: May 2011

Purpose: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is typically characterized by the specific translocation t(7;16)(q33;p11) and the corresponding fusion gene FUS-CREB3L2. The present study aimed to extract LGFMS-specific, and putatively FUS-CREB3L2–dependent, gene expression patterns to learn more about the pathogenesis of this tumor.

Experimental Design: We carried out single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and global gene expression array analyses, and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses on 24 LGFMS tumor biopsies. Tumor types that are important differential diagnoses to LGFMS were included as comparison in the gene and protein expression analyses. In addition, cells that stably expressed FUS-CREB3L2 were analyzed with gene expression array and the influence of FUS-CREB3L2 on gene expression was investigated in vitro.

Results: The SNP array analysis detected recurrent microdeletions in association with the t(7;16) chromosomal breakpoints and gain of 7q in cases with ring chromosomes. Gene expression analysis clearly distinguished LGFMS from morphologically similar tumors and MUC4 was identified as a potential diagnostic marker for LGFMS by gene expression and IHC analysis. FOXL1 was identified as the top upregulated gene in LGFMS and CD24 was upregulated in both LGFMS tumors and FUS-CREB3L2 expressing cells. FUS-CREB3L2 was capable of activating transcription from CD24 regulatory sequences in luciferase assays, suggesting an important role for the upregulation of this gene in LGFMS.

Conclusions: The gene expression profile of LGFMS is distinct from that of soft tissue tumors with similar morphology. The data could be used to identify a potential diagnostic marker for LGFMS and to identify possible FUS-CREB3L2 regulated genes. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2646–56. ©2011 AACR.
Isolated Premature Pubarche: Report of Anthropometric and Metabolic Profile of a Brazilian Cohort of Girls
Authors: de Ferran Karina , Aguiar Paiva Isla , dos Santos Garcia Leonardo , de Pinho Gama Maurício , Martins Guimarães Marilia
Published: May 2011

Aims: Isolated premature pubarche (PP) is commonly caused by premature adrenarche (PA), and links between PA, children born small for gestational age (SGA) and insulin resistance have already been made in some populations. Subjects and Methods: We assessed anthropometric data, pubertal landmarks and metabolic profile at diagnosis and during the study in 52 girls with the diagnosis of isolated PP from a Brazilian cohort. Results: The prevalence of obesity (25%), dyslipidemia (63.5%) and born SGA children (21.2%) was greater among PP girls than in the reference population (4, 46.8 and 10%, respectively). There was no increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance and no correlation with birth weight, onset of PP or other pubertal signs. The Z score of heights at PP diagnosis was greater than the Z score of mid-parental height, but achieved final height (n = 16 girls, p = 0.002) was similar to normal population standards and to the predicted final height based on bone age at PP diagnosis (p = 0.08). Thelarche and menarche occurred at normal age, just earlier than expected. Conclusion: The prevalence of children born SGA, obese and dyslipidemic, but not of hyperinsulinemic children, was high in our cohort of PP girls. Puberty started earlier than usual but within the normal range.
A Case of Acne Fulminans in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Successfully Treated with Prednisolone and Diaminodiphenylsulfone: A Literature Review of Acne Fulminans, Rosacea Fulminans and Neutrophilic Dermatoses Occurring in the Setting of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wakabayashi Makiko , Fujimoto Noriki , Uenishi Toshiaki , Danno Kiichiro , Tanaka Toshihiro
Published: May 2011

A 19-year-old Japanese man had been treated for ulcerative colitis for 2 years. He was admitted to our hospital with nodulocystic inflammatory papules and pustules on his face and chest, high-grade fever, arthralgia and general malaise. A biopsy specimen from a pustule showed prominent infiltration of neutrophils in the epidermis and dermis, particularly around hair follicles. We made a diagnosis of acne fulminans. The systemic administration of prednisolone at 30 mg daily for 1 week immediately improved his skin lesions and other symptoms; however, during tapering of prednisolone at 20 mg daily, skin lesions flared up. The addition of oral diaminodiphenylsulfone improved the skin lesions. Although there have been a few reports of acne fulminans associated with Crohn’s disease, this is the first case report of acne fulminans in a patient with ulcerative colitis. It is noteworthy that the addition of diaminodiphenylsulfone was effective for treating the relapse of acne fulminans in this case.
Folding, Assembly, and Aggregation of Recombinant Murine Amelogenins with T21I and P41T Point Mutations
Authors: Bromley Keith M. , Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Lei Ya-Ping , Snead Malcolm L. , Moradian-Oldak Janet
Published: May 2011

Two point mutations (T21I and P40T) within amelogenin have been identified from human DNA sequences in 2 instances of amelogenesis imperfecta. We studied the folding and self-assembly of recombinant amelogenin (rM180) compared to the T21I and P40T mutants analogs. At pH 5.8 and 25°C, rM180 and the P41T mutant existed as monomers, whereas the T21I mutant formed small oligomers. At pH 8 and 25°C, all of the amelogenin samples formed nanospheres with hydrodynamic radii (RH) of around 15–16 nm. Upon heating to 37°C, particles of P41T increased in size (RH = 18 nm). During thermal denaturation at pH 5.8, both of the mutant proteins refolded more slowly than the wild-type (WT) rM180. Variable temperature tryptophan fluorescence and dynamic light scattering studies showed that the WT transformed to a partially folded conformation upon heating and remained stable. Thermal denaturation and refolding studies indicated that the mutants were less stable and exhibit a greater ability to prematurely aggregate compared to the WT. Our data suggest that in the case of P41T, alterations in the self-assembly of amelogenin are a consequence of destabilization of the secondary structure, while in the case of T21I they are a consequence of change in the overall hydrophobicity at the N-terminal region. We propose that alterations in the assembly (i.e. premature aggregation) of mutant amelogenins may have a profound effect on intra- and extracellular processes such as amelogenin secretion, proteolysis, and its interactions with nonamelogenins as well as with the forming mineral.
Genome-Wide Association Studies in Pediatric Endocrinology
Authors: Dauber Andrew , Hirschhorn Joel N.
Published: May 2011

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies are a powerful tool for understanding the genetic underpinnings of human disease. In this article, we briefly review the role and findings of GWA studies in type 1 diabetes, stature, pubertal timing, obesity, and vitamin D deficiency. We then discuss the present and future implications of these findings with regards to disease prediction, uncovering basic biology, and the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Proliferative and Anti-Apoptotic Activity of Esophageal Mucosa in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Is Not Affected by Fundoplication: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Rantanen T.K. , Oksala N.K. , Honkanen T.T. , Räsänen J.V. , Sihvo E.I. , Mattila J.J. , Paimela H.M. , Paavonen T.K. , Salo J.A.
Published: May 2011

Background: The role of fundoplication in the prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma is controversial. Development of cancer is associated with proliferation and anti-apoptosis, for which little data exist regarding their response to fundoplication. Methods: Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression was assessed in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and the distal and proximal esophagus of 20 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treated by fundoplication and in 7 controls. Endoscopy was performed preoperatively and 6 (20 patients) and 48 months (16 patients) postoperatively. Results: There were positive correlations between Ki-67 and Bcl-2 levels in the EGJ (p > 0.001) and in the distal (p = 0.001) and proximal esophagus (p = 0.013). Compared to the preoperative level, Ki-67 expression was elevated in the distal (p = 0.012) and proximal (p = 0.007) esophagus at 48 months. In addition, compared to control values, Ki-67 expression was lower at the 6-month follow-up in the EGJ (p = 0.037) and the proximal esophagus (p = 0.003), and higher at the 48-month follow-up in the distal esophagus (p = 0.002). Compared to control values, Bcl-2 was lower at 6 months in the EGJ (p = 0.038). Conclusions: Proliferative activity after fundoplication increased in the long term in the distal esophagus despite a normal fundic wrap and healing of GERD.
Idiopathic Calcinosis Cutis in a Child: Chemical Composition of the Calcified Deposits
Authors: Niu Dau-Ming , Lin Shan-Yang , Li Mei-Jane , Cheng Wen-Ting , Pan Chin-Chen , Lin Chih-Cheng
Published: May 2011

Idiopathic calcinosis cutis (CC) is a rare disease in a child. The chemical composition of the calcified deposits in idiopathic CC was first qualitatively and quantitatively examined using vibrational microspectroscopy via spectral diagnosis. The combined application of the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman microscopic techniques was used to detect and identify the nature of the components of the calcified deposits in idiopathic CC and to compare the results with histopathological findings. Two major components of type B carbonated apatite and β-carotene interspersing subcutaneous tissue were clearly evidenced to make up the calcified deposits in idiopathic CC in our pediatric patient. Moreover, the calcified deposits of idiopathic CC contained a relatively larger amount of type B carbonated apatite and a smaller amount of type A carbonated apatite than the calcified deposits analyzed in dystrophic CC. This is the first report on the chemical composition of calcified deposits in idiopathic CC established by spectral analysis. The combination of FT-IR and Raman microscopic techniques was very useful for simultaneous assessment of the intact components of the calcified deposits in idiopathic CC.
Cutaneous T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vezzoli Pamela , Fiorani Roberta , Girgenti Valentina , Fanoni Daniele , Tavecchio Simona , Balice Ylenia , Mozzana Ruggero , Crosti Carlo , Berti Emilio
Published: May 2011

Background: T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) primarily presenting on the skin is an extremely rare entity with only sporadic cases reported in the literature. Methods: We here report an extraordinary case of primary cutaneous THRLBCL with self-healing and 24 months of follow-up. Results: The lesion was a dermohypodermal/subcutaneous circumscribed ulcerated nodosity. Histological examination with immunohistochemical, molecular analysis and comparative genomic hybridization were performed. A complete staging was negative for secondary involvement. Conclusion: Our case is remarkable because it is the second well-documented primary cutaneous THRLBCL in which we observed a complete self-regression of skin lesions without recurrences or dissemination of the disease. According to the literature, we highlight that the tumoral microenvironment, in our case, could play a relevant role in stopping lymphoma growth. Furthermore, this case supports the observation that THRLBCL primarily presenting on the skin shows an overall good prognosis.
Population diet variation and individual specialization in the poison toad, Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Vellard, 1947)
Authors: Quiroga María Fernanda , Vaira Marcos , Bonansea Maria Ines
Published: May 2011

Few studies have investigated the level of individual variation in diet composition of poisonous frogs and toads. We compare the diet composition of three populations of a poisonous toad, Melanophryniscus rubriventris, and predicted that toads within a population might be constrained to forage on particular types of alkaloid-containing prey and consequently diets among populations might not diverge from each other. Most important prey categories in the diets of the three populations consisted of the same ground-dwelling arthropods. We found evidence for individuals consuming different arrays of prey types in all populations implying that this “generalist” species is actually comprised of individuals eating different sets of the available range of prey. Formicidae, Acari, and Coleoptera were all important alkaloid-containing prey items in the diets of all populations and individuals, although there were differences in their order of importance among populations and individuals use different sets of the entire range of alkaloid-containing preys. Future research should evaluate individual diet variation in other poisonous anurans taxa given that shifts in diet composition might have important implications for understanding the consequences of alternate foraging strategies in the evolution of defensive strategies among species.
Substrate preference of eastern red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus: A comparison of deciduous and coniferous substrates
Authors: Rettig Jessica , Renaldo Kyle , Smith Geoffrey , Helleman Brandon , Riley Ja-Nell , Murch Cecilia
Published: May 2011

Forest tree composition can affect the distribution and abundance of terrestrial salamanders. We examined the effect of leaf litter type (deciduous or coniferous) and soil type (deciduous and coniferous) on red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) substrate choice using a series of laboratory experiments. Salamanders preferred deciduous leaves over coniferous pine needles and the deciduous soil/deciduous leaf litter combination over all others. In addition, our results suggest that leaf litter type may be more important than soil type in influencing salamander substrate preference in our study. Our results suggest that behavioural avoidance may partially explain differences in P. cinereus abundances in deciduous and coniferous forest habitats.
On the anuran muscle pulmonum proprius
Authors: Alcalde Leandro
Published: May 2011

The present contribution provides a systematic survey on the variation of the musculus pulmonum proprius within Anura. Evidence is contrary to previous works that presented the muscle as an enigmatic feature present only in the family Pipidae. Although having different sites of origin, the m. pulmonum proprius was observed in all examined anurans. The muscle originates at the level of the transverse processes of the fourth vertebra in the neobatrachian families Bufonidae, Calyptocephalellidae, Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leiuperidae, Leptodactylidae, Mantellidae, Microhylidae, Ptychadenidae and Ranidae. In Bombina variegata (Bombinatoridae) the origin of the muscle shifts caudally at the level of the transverse process of the sacral vertebra and, in Pipidae, it originates either at the ilium (Xenopus) or the femur (Pipa). Features of the m. pulmonum proprius do not vary in species with different modes of locomotion within Neobatrachia and there is no sexual dimorphism in this muscle. It is absent in the genera Salamandra (Caudata) and Chthonerpeton (Gymnophiona). Pending verification in Leiopelmatidae, the presence of m. pulmonum proprius may be considered as a previously unknown anuran synapomorphy.
Implementation of a long-term monitoring program of the ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus) population on Oleron Island
Authors: Grillet Pierre , Cheylan Marc , Thirion Jean-Marc , Doré Florian , Besnard Aurélien
Published: May 2011

The ocellated lizard Timon lepidus (Sauria; Lacertidae) has declined throughout most of its range. Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss seem to be mainly responsible for the species' decline. The ocellated lizard population of Oleron Island, confined to a longshore dune of 140 ha, is the subject of a long-term monitoring study established in 2007. The monitoring method consists of 70 plots (50 × 50 m) randomly placed within a study area divided into six distinct zones. Three surveys were conducted in the study area over the spring season of 2007. During each survey, we counted the individuals in each plot. These counts were analyzed with the PRESENCE 2.0 and the R package Unmarked software using two different modeling approaches, the 'site-occupancy model' and the 'N-mixture model'. Estimates resulting from our analyses indicated the proportion of occupied plots to be 0.76. Our results indicated that the ocellated lizard has a highly heterogeneous distribution on Oleron Island, with parts of the dune sheltering clusters of lizards, and other areas totally unoccupied. The population size was estimated to be 516 individuals (95% CI 248-783). The relative abundance of ocellated lizards on the island can be principally explained by the presence of permanent shelters (used both during winter and the lizards' active period), including rabbit and rodent burrows and artificial shelters. This monitoring survey will be replicated every three years to enable us to calculate the species' colonization and local extinction probabilities. These results will help in evaluating and guiding management and conservation measures.
Does the exotic invader turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, compete for food with coexisting native turtles?
Authors: Díaz-Paniagua Carmen , Pérez-Santigosa Natividad , Hidalgo-Vila Judith , Florencio Margarita
Published: May 2011

Nowadays, established populations of exotic turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, coexist with native turtles in the wild in southern Spain. We analysed the diet of this exotic species and compared it with the diet of the two native species (Mauremys leprosa and Emys orbicularis) in two ponds. The exotic turtle is an opportunistic omnivore. In one of our study ponds where exotic invasive crayfish were very abundant, adult and juvenile exotic turtles fed mainly on this prey. In the other study pond, juveniles fed mainly on animal matter and adults ate similar proportions of plants and animals. Native turtles also ingested mainly crayfish in the first study pond, but M. leprosa were mainly herbivorous in the second pond. We did not detect strong differences among the diets of the three species. While native species significantly differ in their diets, the exotic turtles did not differ from some groups of native ones. Exotic turtles had the widest range of food, overlapping the food spectra of different age groups of the two native species in both localities. Comparing with previous reports on native turtles diet of the same area, our results did not reveal changes in the diet which could be associated to interactions with exotic turtles, but the observed shift to a higher proportion of animals in the diet in one of the ponds were mainly due to the high abundance of exotic crayfish.
Escape strategy and vocalization during escape by American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)
Authors: Cooper, Jr. William
Published: May 2011

American bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus, escape by jumping into water and submerging, often vocalizing as they flee. I studied effects of several risk factors on escape and refuge use and the association between vocalization by fleeing frogs and escape by other individuals nearby. Frogs on shore permitted equally close approach when approached along the shore or on a path perpendicular to shore. Frogs in water were more likely to flee when closer to shore and when approached more rapidly. Time spent submerged after fleeing was uncorrelated with proximity of the predator upon escape. Frogs spent longer submerged when they swam along shore away from the point of entry than when they surfaced directly offshore. Neither distance offshore nor Euclidean distance from the entry point upon emergence was related to time spent submerged. Bullfrogs may use unpredictability of distance and direction moved underwater and of duration of submergence as a strategy that reduce risk upon surfacing. When a focal frog vocalized as it fled, immediate escape by nearby nonfocal frogs was more frequent than when focal frogs (1) escaped without vocalization and (2) neither escaped nor vocalized. These findings are consistent with either alarm calling or benefit to the fleeing individual due to brief delay of attack by a predator. They are inconsistent with several other possible functions of calling during escape. Experimentation is needed to definitively test the hypothesis that calls during escape are alarm signals.
A tribute to Hubert Saint Girons: niche separation between Vipera aspis and V. berus on the basis of distribution models
Authors: Gentilli Augusto , Sacchi Roberto , Mangiacotti Marco , Scali Stefano
Published: May 2011

Interspecific competition in contact areas is a major topic in ecological studies. A number of studies were carried out on European vipers, focusing on contact areas between two or three species characterized as appropriate by ecological needs more or less similar. The aim of this study is to extend the analysis of this topic to the case of Vipera aspis and V. berus in an alpine area of northern Italy, by comparing suitability models to verify which ecological factors affect their occurrence and to assess a possible niche separation. Potential distribution was modelled using the maximum entropy method, using six non-correlated ecogeographical variables as predictors. The models fitted well for both species (mean AUC = 0.926; 87.4% of testing data correctly classified). The most informative variables were: habitat, altitude and solar radiation for the asp viper; altitude and habitat for the adder. Deciduous woods, meadows and urban areas had a positive effect on V. aspis distribution as wetlands, meadows and rocks vegetation did on V. berus. However, the variable best separating the species was the elevation, the adder occurring more frequently at higher altitude than the asp viper. Our data showed that the two vipers were mutually exclusive, as already observed by Saint Girons in 1975. Vipera aspis is more thermophilic and lives at low altitude, while Vipera berus lives under cool and humid areas typical of alpine pastures. A similar pattern were found in the contact areas between European vipers belonging to the V. aspis and Pelias group respectively.
Stomach flushing affects survival/emigration in wild lizards: a study case with rainbow lizards (Agama agama) in Nigeria
Authors: Akani Godfrey , Ebere Nwabueze , Pérez-Mellado Valentin , Luiselli Luca
Published: May 2011

Stomach flushing is one of the proposed techniques to study lizard diets. Apparently, it is ranged, together with direct observation and faecal analysis, as a non-harmful method for dietary studies. Some works explored the usefullness of stomach flushing, but we lack information about its effect on lizard's survival probabilities. In this paper we studied the effect of stomach flushing in an urban population of the rainbow lizard (Agama agama) from Calabar (Nigeria). During a period of five months of 2010, 147 lizards were noosed, sexed and individually marked. One group of lizards was stomach flushed only once, whereas the rest of lizards were not flushed. The flushed sample of lizards showed a lower survival than non-flushed lizards of all sex and age classes. In this study, the pictured diet from stomach flushing was very similar to results obtained with a faecal analysis of the same lizard population. Thus, both methods seem to be reliable to study the diet of the rainbow lizard. However, our results indicate that stomach flushing increases the probability of mortality (or at least emigration rates) in all age and sex classes, precluding its extensive use as a method to study lizard's diets.
Lessons of Lament: Reflections on the correspondence between the Lament Psalms and early Australian Pentecostal Prayer
Authors: Melton Narelle Jane
Published: May 2011

This paper reflects on research which discovered a correspondence between the form of the biblical lament psalms and the early Australian Pentecostal (1908 – 1937) practice of prayer. It is argued that this has significant implications for Christians today in relation to the critique that the contemporary church has lost the practice of lament. Specifically four dimensions of lament-prayer were considered for contemporary Pentecostal Christianity, including (1) the lament dialogue, (2) the lament protest, (3) the margins of lament, and (4) the glossolalic lament. Overall, it is proposed that Pentecostal Christians are uniquely situated to forge a path in light of these results and re-incorporate laments into their worship and pastoral care practises.
New Frontiers in Tongues Research: A Symposium
Authors: Holm Randall , Wolf Matthew , Smith James
Published: May 2011

Theological reflection on the 'lived reality' of Pentecostal/charismatic spirituality continues to consider tongues-speech (glossolalia) an important phenomenon that still elicits new questions and research trajectories. In this interdisciplinary symposium, the authors consider the 'state of the question' in theological, philosophical, and linguistic research on tongues and offer new proposals and paradigms.
Reflecting on Roots: Robert Jenson's Theology of Judaism in a Pentecostal Key
Authors: Chan Michael Jay
Published: May 2011

The identity of 'Israel' has been important for Pentecostals for some time, especially in circles influenced by dispensationalism. Recent developments in ecumenical studies suggest that it is possible to construct an alternative theology of Judaism. Ecumenist Robert Jenson argues that Judaism's continued commitment to the Torah reflects God's will, even though it represents an implicit 'no' to Christ. This is because Jesus' resurrected Jewish body is only made available to the world through both church and synagogue. While problems remain in Jenson's work, a pneumatological rereading of his proposal – based on the NT's depiction of Christ's body as Spirit-anointed (e.g. Lk. 3.22; 4.1, 18-19) – is a constructive step toward a theology of Judaism. This rereading of Jenson suggests that both Christian and Jewish communities are communities of the Spirit. If true, Jewish literature might play a larger role in shaping Pentecostal theology. I propose three examples: (1) in the development of Pentecostal hermeneutical strategies, (2) in providing untapped pneumatological resources, and (3) concerning our common vision of a divinely recreated world.
Speaking in Tongues and the Mission of God Ad Gentes
Authors: Bliese Richard
Published: May 2011

The Pentecostal and Charismatic movements have assisted many denominations, including Lutherans, with the call to mission by challenging them with a new view of the Holy Spirit. A full immersion in these movements along with a firm grounding in the tradition will lead to a fuller grasp of what the Spirit is doing in the world. This article reviews two prominent Lutheran theologians who have shaped a whole generation of leaders concerning the Holy Spirit: Robert Jenson and Larry Christenson. In response to their work, I will explore how the work of the Spirit can be understood when framed within God's mission (the missio Dei). The call to mission is central. The church emerges as it engages in the missionary activity of witness and sanctification. This is the story of Acts. It is the story of the Spirit. The church's missionary call is to speak in tongues.
'The Spirit helps us in our weakness': Charismatization of Worldwide Christianity and the Quest for an Appropriate Pneumatology with Focus on the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania
Authors: Fischer Moritz
Published: May 2011

The globally mushrooming Pentecostal-charismatic movement is a challenge, not only for the so-called mainline or historic churches, but also for the older traditional Pentecostal churches and also for the Mission Churches in the southern hemisphere who originate in the two former mentioned contributions in mission. Mostly these southern churches are independent in the meanwhile, but struggling for an authentic theological identity which is based in the scripture but is also able to respond to the questions of cultural and post-modern identity in the era of globalization. Focusing these developments in the multi-denominational and culturally diverse country of Tanzania might methodologically be a help as an example in a more and more complex world to avoid simplifying answers. My ecumenical concern is rooted in the insight that open culturally and socially diverse Christians all over the world are challenged to learn from each other in mutuality. What can I as a western German Lutheran learn from North American Pentecostals or from Tanzanian Christian believers? What could be my contribution to both of them especially concerning the question for a worldwide appropriate pneumatology?
Climbing the Lampstand-Witness-Trees: Revelation's Use of Zechariah 4 in Light of Speech Act Theory
Authors: Tanner Cullen
Published: May 2011

This article traces John's use of Zechariah 4 through its most likely first century perceptions in conjunction with the implicit ecclesial audience of Revelation. After placing the Apocalypse amid the atmosphere of Second Temple Judaism in the Roman Empire, it provides conjecture as to the theological implications of these speech acts on the Church of Revelation. These findings are then used to piece together the illocutionary force of John's use of Zechariah 4 and the resulting perlocution, which together comprise an essential element of the pneumatology that John supports in Revelation. When interpreting through such a lens, one ought to ask not only who the Spirit is but how this biblical author anticipated his audience to act in response to this document and to the Holy Spirit.