bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing non-rigid body structural dynamics to WEC-Sim
Authors: Scriven Joshua , Laporte-Weywada P. , Cruz J.
Published: September 2020

This paper describes the development of a structural dynamics add-on to WEC-Sim, an open-source code dedicated to the dynamic analysis of Wave Energy Converters (WECs). When calculating the dynamic response of a body, WEC-Sim by default uses a rigid body dynamics approach. Such an approach ignores the potential effects of structural deformation on the WEC, which can in turn affect e.g. the distributed loads across the WEC and / or the individual (point) load sources that depend on the dynamic response of the WEC. Following a similar approach to tools used in the offshore wind industry, a structural dynamic add-on was developed using Code_Aster as the Finite Element (FE) solver to enable coupled hydro-elastic, time-domain analysis. The add-on was developed and tested using an example Oscillating Wave Surge Converter (OWSC) WEC model, currently being developed as part of the H2020 MegaRoller project. In the examples studied, the inclusion of structural dynamics is shown to affect the estimated peak Power Take-Off (PTO) loads, with variations in PTO force of over 10% being observed when structural dynamics are considered in the analysis.
Kajian Perubahan Nilai Konduktivitas Termal pada Bata Ringan dengan Penggunaan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) sebagai Bahan Penyimpan Kalor
Authors: Laila Lia , Darma Asep Yunta
Published: September 2020

Indonesia is the largest producer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in the world. The use of CPO is mostly for edible oils and biofuels. Even though CPO potential is huge, the development of CPO in other forms is still limited. CPO has a melting point of 25˚C - 50˚C which is suitable to be develoved in the environment of Indonesia. This characteristic allows CPO to be used as phase change material. This study examines the use of CPO as a material to reduce the thermal conductivity of light bricks. The idea is to make the brick as a building material has the ability to maintain room conditions from fluctuative ambient temperatures. The results showed that the addition of effective CPO to reduce the thermal conductivity of light bricks was 2.5 to 7.5 ml per 160 cm3.
Developing Students’ Intercultural Competence among Moroccan EFL students: Focus on raising their Cross-cultural Awareness
Authors: Benattabou Driss
Published: September 2020

The goal of this paper is to consider alternative ways to incorporate an intercultural communication course as an integral part of the curriculum designed for Moroccan learners of EFL. Some aspects of what comes to be dubbed as ‘deep culture’ should find room in the contents of the EFL course so as to alert Moroccan learners about the potential intercultural barriers they are far more likely to face. It is proposed that for an effective intercultural communication to take place, the English course should help foreign language learners explicitly understand what target linguistic forms might be and how their meanings may differ across cultures. The analysis of some instances of intercultural misunderstandings may surely give more credence to the vital importance of implementing a multicultural approach to education. This paper offers some teaching strategies to assist Moroccan learners of EFL overcome these intercultural barriers.
EVALUATION OF PROFESSION-ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCY OF CADETS IN COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Koroleva M. Yu.
Published: September 2020

The article addresses the problem of evaluating the profession-oriented foreign language competency of cadets of a military educational establishment of higher education on the basis of the competency-based approach. The quality of education given to military specialists is an important task for any military educational organization of higher education and its chairs. To ensure a high level of training, it is necessary to organize the educational process and the competency evaluation in such a way as to create the necessary conditions for the formation of competencies required by the educational program, and also for the development of cadets' personalities. The article considers the evaluation system for the profession-oriented foreign language competency of cadets in the competency-based approach. A general description of the competency evaluation procedure is given. The proposed recommendations for making evaluation rely on the European experience in education and evaluation according to the competency-based approach. The article specifies twelve types of assignments for evaluation, which are divided into four groups, and gives a practical example of their use in the learning outcome monitoring and the midterm attestation for the foreign language discipline in a higher naval school. It is highlighted that using various types and methods of evaluation is important, and the continuous and differentiated character of such evaluation can provide feedback and ensure the implementation of the competency-based approach in foreign language learning.
BUDIDAYA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (ALLIUM CEPA L.) DALAM POLYBAG DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN KOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH
Authors: Syawal Yernelis
Published: September 2020

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu tanaman bumbu dapur yang sangat mudah dijumpai di berbagai tempat. Tanaman  ini merupakan bumbu yang wajib ada disetiap masakan, sehingga tidak heran bawang merah sangat populer, khususnya dikalangan ibu rumah tangga. Selain bumbu masak juga  dijadikan campuran acar atau campuran bumbu mentah seperti bumbu sate dan lain sebagainya, bahkan ada yagng dimakan mentah sebagai pengobatan tradisional. Pemberian kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan organik bagi tanaman, dapat menunjang perkembangan organisme tanah, sehingga tanah semakin baik dan tersedianya unsur hara yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman.  Mikroorganisme merupakan faktor penting pada proses pengomposan bahan organik, mikroorganisme tersebut terutama bakteri dan jamur. Daerah Tanjung Rawo kelurahan Bukit Lama Palembang merupakan daerah yang tidak ada mempunyai lahan untuk bercocok tanam karena semakin banyaknya lahan yang dijadikan tempat pemukiman.  Salah satu alternatif adalah bercocok tanam dalam polybag.  Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini telah menggugah ibu-ibu untuk bertanam bawang merah dalam polybag.
The Average Distance and the Diameter of Dense Random Regular Graphs
Authors: Shimizu Nobutaka
Published: September 2020

Let $\mathrm{AD}(G_{n,d})$ be the average distance of $G_{n,d}$, a random $n$-vertex $d$-regular graph.

For $d=(\beta+o(1))n^{\alpha}$ with two arbitrary constants $\alpha\in(0,1)$ and $\beta>0$, we prove that $|\mathrm{AD}(G_{n,d})-\mu|<\epsilon$ holds with high probability for any constant $\epsilon>0$, where $\mu$ is equal to $\alpha^{-1}+\exp(-\beta^{1/\alpha})$ if $\alpha^{-1}\in\mathbb{N}$ and to $\lceil\alpha^{-1}\rceil$ otherwise.

Consequently, we show that the diameter of the $G_{n,d}$ is equal to $\lfloor\alpha^{-1}\rfloor+1$ with high probability.
Financial Security Management in Central Units of Purchasing Groups
Authors: Zimon Grzegorz , Kmiotek Krystyna , Jurgilewicz Marcin
Published: September 2020

Optimization of financial resources and funding sources is a guarantee of financial security. Enterprises need financial resources to develop. The conditions of the pandemic, even more than regular competition, show the problems resulting from the lack of financial resources, and the lack of adequate financial reserves makes it difficult to start after lockdown. In recent years, SMEs have merged into multi-entity organizations to improve their financial security. These organizations are managed by specially created central units (purchasing groups). If the central units run into financial difficulties, numerous companies operating within purchasing groups will also be at risk. The aim of this article is to assess the approach to financial security of purchasing groups depending on the location of the central unit. The analysis was conducted on a group of 9 central units making up the largest purchasing groups in the construction industry in Poland. They were divided into two groups into internal and external central units. The conducted analysis identified financial security management strategies as quite risky, which requires some changes, which are presented in the article
Highly Ordered Arrays of Silver Nanowires for Transparent Conducting PET Film
Authors: Naz Gul , Asghar Hafsa , Jalil Junaid , Arshad Muhammad , Ahmed Rashid , Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Haq Bakhtiar Ul
Published: September 2020

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with ultra-high purity and high yield are successfully synthesized by employing a modified facile polyol method using PVP as capping and stabilizing agent. The reaction is carried out at a moderate temperature of 140 °C and mild stirring rate for about 3 hours. The prepared AgNWs are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-rays diffraction (XRD) and PL spectroscopy. The luminescent AgNWs exhibit red emission which is accredited to the deep holes. The SEM results confirm the formation of AgNWs of length ranging from 35 to 40 µm and an average diameter of about 86 nm, thus their aspect ratios exceed 400. The AgNWs and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) based ink is transferred to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by simple mechanical pressing. The PET film has retained its transparency and flexibility after AgNWs ink coating. The % transmittance of as-prepared PET film is estimated to be about 92.5% with a lower sheet resistance value ~ 20 Ω, which can make it a potential substitute to commonly used expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) films in the field of optoelectronics.
KONSTRUKSI SEPADAN DAN TAK SEPADAN ANTARA LARIK SAMPIRAN DAN LARIK ISI SEBUAH PANTUN
Authors: Astar Hidayatul
Published: September 2020

Pantun merupakan salah satu puisi lama Melayu yang memiliki ciri keindahan atau keteraturan bahasanya. Banyak tulisan yang telah membahas hal tersebut, tetapi belum ada yang membahas secara lebih spesifik dari sisi konstruksi sepadan dan tak sepadan antara larik sampiran pertama (S-1) dan isi pertama (I-1) dan antara larik sampiran kedua (S-2) dan isi kedua (I-2). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Konsepsi tentang linguistik struktural hubungan sintagmatik yang dikemukan Robins (1992) dan konsepsi Alwi et.al. (2017) tentang unsur kalimat, fungsi sintaksis, susunan unsur, dan jenis kalimat menjadi acuan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga bentuk konstruksi pantun. Dari 100 pantun yang diteliti, 39 pantun atau 39% berkonstruksi sepadan penuh, 41 atau 41% berkonstruksi sepadan sebagian, dan 20 atau 20% berkonstruksi tak sepadan. Ketiga kategori konstruksi tersebut ditandai oleh ciri-ciri tertentu. Pantun kategori pertama ditandai oleh jumlah unsur, jumlah kata, fungsi sintaksis, susunan unsur, dan jenis kalimat yang sama; pantun kategori kedua ditandai oleh kesamaan dan ketaksamaan kelima aspek tersebut; pantun kategori ketiga ditandai oleh jumlah unsur dan fungsi sintaksis yang tak sama dan susunan unsur dan jenis kalimat yang sama dan tak sama. Pantun berkonstruksi sepadan lebih indah atau lebih teratur bahasanya daripada yang tak sepadan dan dapat menjadi acuan ketika berpantun. Pantun is one of the old Malay poems which has a characteristic of regularity of language. The beauty of pantun language has been discussed in many writings, but no one has discussed more specifically in term of its construction. This article discusses the form construction between the first sampiran lines (S-1) and the first content (I-1) and between the second sampiran lines (S-2) and the second content (I-2) of a pantun. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. A reference for data analysis is followed the conception of structural linguistics of syntagmatic relations proposed by Robins (1992) and Alwi et.al. (2017) specially syntactic elements, syntactic functions, sequence of elements, and type of sentence. The results of this study to show that there are three construction of pantun. Out of 100 pantun studied, 39 or 39% had full commensurate construction, 41 or 41% had partially commensurate construction, and 20 or 20% had incommensurate construction. All three construction kategories are marked by certain charecteristics. The first pantun kategories is characterized by the number of elements, number of words, syntactic functions, sequence of elements, and type of sentence of the same. The second pantun kategories is characterized by all five aspects of the same and not.The third pantun kategories is characterized by the number of elements and syntactic functions that are not the same and the sequence of elements and type of sentence of the same and not. Pantuns with commensurate constructions are more beautiful than pantuns that incommensurate and can be reference.
RELIGIOSITAS MASYARAKAT TIONGHOA DALAM CERPEN DI MAJALAH STAR WEEKLY, LIBERAL, DAN PANTJAWARNA TAHUN 1954—1956
Authors: Cesaria Dea Letriana
Published: September 2020

Sastra Peranakan Tionghoa adalah karya sastra dalam bahasa Indonesia yang dihasilkan oleh orang Tionghoa yang dilahirkan di Indonesia. Seusai Perang Dunia II, sastra peranakan tetap berkembang. Bentuknya bukan lagi novel tetapi cerpen. Namun, berbeda dengan keadaan sebelum Perang Dunia II, pada zaman Pasca-Perang itu tidak lagi terdapat majalah seperti Tjerita Romans atau Penghidoepan. Kebanyakan karya dimuat dalam majalah-majalah umum atau berita, seperti Star Weekly, Liberal, dan Pantjawarna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat kontribusi majalah Star Weekly, Pantjawarna, dan Liberal pada tahun 1950-an terhadap publikasi karya penulis Tionghoa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerpen dalam majalah Star Weekly, Liberal, dan Pantjawarna menggambarkan religiositas masyarakat Tionghoa dalam menjalani kehidupan yang multikultural di Indonesia. Konsep kemanusiaan dalam ajaran Konghucu erat kaitannya dengan konsep Tepa Sarira dalam kebudayaan Jawa. Chinese Literature is literary works in Indonesian produced by Chinese people who were born in Indonesia. After World War II, peranakan literature continued to flourish. The form is no longer a novel but a short story. However, in contrast to the situation before World War II, the Post-War era there were no magazines anymore, such as Tjerita Romans or Penghidoepan. Most of his work is published in public magazines or news, such as Star Weekly, Liberal, and Pantja Warna. The purpose of this study is to look at the contributions of Star Weekly, Pantja Warna and Liberal magazines in the 1950s to the publication of works by Chinese writers. The method used is qualitative and descriptive methods. The results showed that short stories in Star Weekly, Liberal, and Pantjawarna, magazines illustrate the religiosity of the Chinese community in leading a multicultural life in Indonesia. The concept of humanity in Confucianism is closely related to the concept of Tepa Sarira in Javanese culture.
Quality Assessment of Clay for Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Production
Authors: Singha Aditya , Dashora Pradyumna
Published: September 2020

Being the biggest material utilized by humanity after water, concrete and related businesses have grind sway on development and improvement of a nation. Despite the fact that generally modest, the way toward making its fixings produces CO2. The significant offer for this natural issue from concrete is because of the creation of concrete which is a basic segment. Discharges from concrete creation are predominantly because of development of clinkers which are fundamentally concrete knobs which blend and crush with gypsum to deliver Ordinary Portland concrete C (OPC). It requires the crude materials to be warmed at high temperature (up to 1500°) to create clinker. The synthetic procedure associated with clinkerization where the limestone changes into lime and CO2 is answerable for 50-75 % of outflow. Utilization of electrical vitality required to pound the crude materials likewise contributes its offer. Because of the raising worry against the ozone harming substance discharges and a dangerous atmospheric deviation, ventures and nations are encouraged to see vital strides to check this worldwide issue. It is evaluated that concrete industry is liable for around 6-8% of worldwide CO2 outflow. As it is the quickest developing economy and amongst the most populated nations on the planet, India is about to turn into the biggest shopper of concrete in not so distant future by surpassing China. Because of exponential consumption of value crude materials just as ecological issues from the customary OPC creation, it is critical to take a gander at substitute approaches to deliver the folio in India. The most well-known and broadly acknowledged technique is clinker substitution by strengthening cementitious materials (SCMs). As significant piece of the electrical vitality in the nation originates from coal based warm force plant, which produces fly debris, a SCM all in all; a great deal of examination has been done in the use of fly debris in concrete creation. As of now according to the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS), 30-40% of clinker can be supplanted with fly debris which meets the necessary quality standards. Despite the fact that, because of the absence of accessibility great quality fly debris and different government guidelines, the complete piece of the overall industry of fly debris based PPC in India, is around 65% as it were.
A Survey on the Evolution of Data Analytics and the Future in Data Science
Authors: Thomas Deepa Mary
Published: September 2020

This paper cornerstone on the concepts of Data Analytics, different types of Data Analytics and the evolution of Data Analytics into the latest Prescriptive Data Analytic model. I hope this paper will be very helpful for everyone who wants to get a clear idea about the concepts of Data Analysis and the Data Analytics
A Project Report on Features of PLC and its Different Modes of Communication
Authors: Iyer Rakshith Ramesh
Published: September 2020

Twenty years back, machines were basic, and work in industries was, generally, manual in nature. Machines were intended to be physically controlled. Today, if individuals search for around them will discover numerous things have the control frameworks, which are important to compose the perplexing gadgets. The control framework is of essential significance for gadgets and machines in processing plants, airplane, vehicles, and even in some home gadgets. Today, it is hard for individuals to evade the utilization of control frameworks in the work place. Without mechanized control frameworks, industrial facilities face numerous issues, which would somehow or another be extremely elusive an answer for. Keeping this in mind, The study is an attempt to understand the concept of PLC and its different modes of communication viz-a-viz wired and wireless. Wired communication includes RS485 and Profinet mode, while in Wireless communication IWLAN is used. At present, wired communication is used by MANY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Wired communication is expensive and space consuming, so the industries should plan to divert themselves into wireless communication to meet the requirements of technological advancement as well as to embark into INDUSTRY 4.0.
One Step Chemical Synthesis of Carbon Dot Based Smart Fluorescent Security Ink
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Dave Pranav Y.
Published: September 2020

In the recent world, there are number of problems related to counterfeit of the different products. There are number of products, which can be easily duplicated by simple processes and the product is accurate and precise. Even the counterfeit of currency is also a main problem in world’s economic. There are number of sectors, which can be effected due to this reason like duplication of electronic products, duplication of food products, duplication of automobile products, duplication of currency, etc. So there are number of anti-counterfeiting technologies available in the market to prevent counterfeit problems. In this paper, it explains to prevent this type of problems with the help of carbon dot based gel formulation, which can be used in different ways. This paper describes the synthesis process and characterization analysis of carbon dot based smart fluorescent security ink to prevent the counterfeit problems. UV-Visspectrophotometer was utilized to differentiate optical properties and fluoroscpectometer was exploited to differentiate fluorescent properties of carbon dots and carbon dot based fluorescent ink. AFM and FTIR were used to analysis the structural properties of carbon dots and carbon dot based fluorescent ink
A menekültek áttelepítésének múltja, jelene és jövője az Európai Unióban
Authors: Mészáros Diána , Töttős Ágnes
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to explore the past, present and future of resettlement, primarily in EU context, presenting the proposals and processes currently on the agenda at global and at EU level. The study highlights aspects of policy debates related to the orderly resettlement of beneficiaries of international protection directly from a conflict zone or a transit country, including the strategic use of resettlement in addition to humanitarian and solidarity considerations. It introduces the provisions of a draft EU regulation establishing a European Resettlement Framework and the highly contradictory positions of the Council and the European Parliament during its negotiations. In addition to the legislative process, the study also introduces the reader the practice, results and challenges of two-year resettlement programmes implemented at EU level with the voluntary contribution of Member States. Finally, the study points out that, through the European Commission’s new Migration and Asylum Pact, the issue of resettlement and other solidarity measures will be kept on the agenda of the EU when negotiating migration and asylum policy.
Society and the Observer
Authors: Belsey Alex , Belsey Alex
Published: September 2020

This chapter analyses how, in his wartime journal-writing, Keith Vaughan articulated the social differences and exclusions that he believed were preventing him from fully participating in British society. In his accounts of failing to connect with those around him, he romanticized his failures and dramatized his distance from others, thereby justifying his exclusion and ultimately ascribing himself the powerful (if lonely) role of observer – a position from which he could assert superiority over his fellow C.O.s and men of lower social class whilst representing them in his sketches, paintings, and bathing pictures. The first section of this chapter considers how Vaughan used the early volumes of his journal to record his difficulties in making contact with his fellow man and reinforce them through self-dramatization. The second section explores the strategies employed by Vaughan to emphasize his difference from other individuals and groups, particularly around his homosexuality and artistic inclinations, and therefore justify and maintain his distance from them. The third section argues that Vaughan constructed an empowering role that made use of his remove from male society: that of the observer, enabling him to laud his own powers of perception whilst evading the problems of social involvement and possible surveillance.
Criminal Peripheries: The Globalization of Scandinavian Crime Fiction and Its Agents
Authors: Stougaard-Nielsen Jakob
Published: September 2020

In the twenty-first century, the extraordinary success of Scandinavian crime fiction in translation has challenged long-held assumptions about the hierarchy of nations, languages and genres in global publishing. This chapter assesses the ‘Scandinavian publishing miracle’ by considering various consecration processes (e.g. literary prizes), domestic changes brought to the publishing field towards the end of the last century (e.g. literary agents and the regional publishing field) and the dynamics of translation and promotion of Scandinavian crime fiction with a focus on the UK market since 2000. The chapter presents a case study of Henning Mankell’s impact on the international market – a case which also demonstrates that the Scandinavian twenty-first-century publishing phenomenon is the tip of an iceberg hiding strategic coordinated practices between small-nation actors established in the early 1990s, which provided a ‘marginocentric’ model for how literatures from small European nations could successfully enter the international mainstream.
Introduction
Authors: Mayer Peta
Published: September 2020

This chapter establishes connections between Brookner’s novels A Friend from England (1987), A Misalliance (1986), Brief Lives (1990), Undue Influence (1998), Falling Slowly (1999) and Hotel du Lac (1984); her French Romantic art criticism in The Genius of the Future, Romanticism and its Discontents and Soundings; andthe queer nineteenth-century literary canon of the Romantics, Decadents and aesthetes including Stendhal, Baudelaire, Henry James, Oscar Wilde and Karl-Joris Huysmans. It outlines the strange behaviour of the solitary yet homosocial ‘Brooknerine’ and her female friendships in the domestic fiction, and the mixed responses of Brookner’s early reception from 1980-2010 frequently organised by gender, temporal and heterosexual normativity which tethers behaviour to a unilateral historical context. Alternatively, Brookner’s performative Romanticism is delineated as a queer cross-historical, intertextual, temporal literary practice which combines nineteenth-century and contemporary behaviours, tropes, narrative devices and temporal periods to expand historical context and subject to cross gender and historical temporalities. The book’s queer lesbian, intertextual, cross-historical methodology is illuminated, along with its performing cast of Romantic personae of the military man, analysand, queer, aesthete, dandy, flâneur, degenerate and storyteller.
The Aesthete in A Misalliance (1986)
Authors: Mayer Peta
Published: September 2020

This chapter mobilises key nineteenth-century aestheticist motifs to render a Sapphic lesbian homoerotic in A Misalliance. Protagonist Blanche Vernon’s nympholepsy is related to the text’s sensual motifs and the intertextual matrix surrounding the ancient Greek poet Sappho. The novel’s early reception is reviewed, including comments by Frank Kermode and John Bayley whose gendered readings obscure the text’s symbolism. On the contrary—emblematic of contested narratives of lesbian sexuality, women’s writing and political subversion in Sapphic texts by Charles Baudelaire and Renée Vivien—Sappho becomes the intertextual springboard for the production of the aesthete. In addition to the sensual motifs of the novel, key behaviours of aestheticism are indicated across the intertextual arc between Brookner’s text and her aestheticist predecessors including Renaissance revival, the desire to live life as art, the homoerotic gaze, the backwards turn, a trans-generational homoerotic and the subversion of bourgeois utilitarianism and family life. The performance of the aesthete is staged across the rhetorical figure of metaleptic prolepsis as supplied by Thomas Bahti’s reading of Walter Benjamin, and Mikhail Bakhtin’s narrative of metamorphosis with its contours of guilt, punishment, redemption, purification and blessedness. Reasserting women’s contribution to Romantic aestheticism, Brookner is read as both women’s writer and aesthete.
The Dandy in Brief Lives (1990)
Authors: Mayer Peta
Published: September 2020

This chapter utilises tropes of French and British aestheticism to read character, female friendship and asexual sexuality in Brief Lives (1990). Brookner’s Brief Lives is explored as a text that embraces multiple performance modes through Fay Dodworth’s self-described dull and boring first-person narration and her biographical representation of anachronistic diseuse, Julia Morton’s, celebrity persona.Based on the intertextual indications between John Aubrey’s Brief Lives regarding inconsequential and scandalous detail, and the significance of nineteenth-century detail in aestheticism, the dandy is proferred as the novel’s key personae. Balzac’s understanding of the dandy as constituted by behaviours of talking, dressing, eating and walking operate as the central narrative categories through which Brookner’s text is read. It emphasises the text’s narrative orality and ex tempore forms, Julia’s styling by Madame Gres, Patou and Lelong, Fay’s delicately crafted menus, her walks through West London as well as a romance of interiors. In addition, the dandy’s particular forms of boredom, and gender, sexual and temporal subversion are engaged. Clara Tuite’s specification of the rise-and-fall narrative as the key form through which Captain Jesse James writes Life of George Brummell provides the device through which to propel the dandy’s movement through the text.
The Flâneur in Undue Influence (1998)
Authors: Mayer Peta
Published: September 2020

This chapter takes protagonist Claire Pitt’s speculative imagination, walking and misreading to read Undue Influence through the figure of the flâneur. Tracing the walking journeys undertaken by Claire Pitt and Martin Gibson, it presents a literal and literary map of the novel. It argues against Michel de Certeau’s assertion that maps constitute procedures for forgetting by demonstrating how Brookner’s women’s walking texts have been largely unrecognised. Drawing on Charles Baudelaire’s theories of Romantic imagination and walking, Harold Bloom’s narrative of intertextual influence and the rhetorical figure of peripeteia (reversal), this chapter recasts the relationship between Claire and Martin as the relationship between ephebe and precursor poet. In staging the performance of the flâneur, it rereads Undue Influence through the ‘revisionary ratios’ of Bloom’s narrative of influence—clinamen, tessera, kenosis, daemonisation, askesis, apophrades. It argues against the heterocentric presumption of Brookner’s reception in which personal and romantic failure is the dominant narrative to tell about the novel. By freighting emphasis on women’s creativity, imagination, artistry and subversion and finding new ways to read intersubjective relationships, this chapter underscores value and industry of the woman writer and women’s writing.
Behaviourism and social constructionism
Authors: Miller Gavin
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores science fiction’s deployment of behaviourism and social constructionism, which insist on the malleability of human psychology. B.F. Skinner’s near-future utopia. Walden Two (1948), authorizes the behaviourist model of the self by inscribing operant conditioning into long-standing progressivist discourses. But this is subverted by the novel itself, which persistently endorses historical, philosophical, and ethical discourses that have supposedly been rendered obsolete. Behaviourism is further undermined by Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange (1962), Ursula Le Guin’s The Lathe of Heaven (1971), and William Sleator’s House of Stairs (1974). These narratives juxtapose against behaviourism counter-discourses from different sources, including wisdom traditions such as world religions, and also antagonistic discourses such as psychoanalysis and existentialism. Social constructionism encourages science fiction to dissolve psychological and cultural givens of our time (such as heterosexuality or patriarchy) in a future or alternative social order. With enormously varying complexity and ethical sensitivity, Joanna Russ’s The Female Man (1975), Edmund Cooper’s 1972 Who Needs Men? and Naomi Mitchison’s Solution Three (1974), explore the utopian and dystopian reconstruction of gender relations, but are troubled by issues of natural and cultural diversity.
Existential-humanistic psychology
Authors: Miller Gavin
Published: September 2020

Existential-humanistic psychology recovers neglected philosophical and spiritual categories regarded as proper to human being, in contrast with animal life or inanimate systems. Existential-humanistic proto-discourses are important to Vincent McHugh’s I Am Thinking of My Darling (1943), in which an emerging ideal of personal authenticity queries the American Dream in 1940s’ New York. McHugh’s critical utopia contrasts with the ponderous extrapolations of Colin Wilson in The Mind Parasites (1967) and The Space Vampires (1976), and Doris Lessing in The Four-Gated City (1969). Both these authors – despite their widely differing positions in the literary canon – use science fiction as a didactic and futurological (even prophetic) medium in which existential psychology serves as the supposed rationale for spiritual apotheosis (including the cultivation of psi powers). A more fruitful post-war deployment of existential-humanistic psychology can be found in texts such as Theodore Sturgeon’s ‘And Now the News …’ (1956), Naomi Mitchison’s Memoirs of a Spacewoman (1962) and Marge Piercy’s Woman on the Edge of Time (1976), which critique the instrumental tendencies of mainstream psychology.
‘The Only State for the Best Sort of Poetry’
Authors: Ghosh Hrileena
Published: September 2020

This chapter looks at Keats’ 1820 volume. Its first part focuses the circumstances in which its composition and publication took place, showing how at every turn, questions related to health, disease, medicine and death forced themselves upon Keats’ attention. This part of the chapter is recuperative, exploring how the lived experiences of biography influenced the poetry that came out of it, and evaluating the extent to which these infiltrations were consciously allowed. The concluding part reads poems from the 1820 volume – including The Eve of St Agnes, ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ and ‘Ode on Melancholy’ – showing how these function as knowing interventions to current developments in medicine. The crises that characterized Keats’ life during 1818 – 20 enabled the process of poetic composition, and significantly influenced the final form of the 1820 volume.
Conclusion
Authors: Ghosh Hrileena
Published: September 2020

This brief section summarizes the argument of the book, which showed the various ways in which Keats’ creativity found expression in his two careers as a surgeon and a poet, with the interaction between them mutually enabling and enriching his achievements in both. Many of the characteristics that defined Keats’ greatest poems can be found, in an early form, in the style and contents of his medical Notebook, and his poetic development is visible in both it and in the early poems he wrote while at Guy’s Hospital. Keats’ experiences at Guy’s Hospital enabled him to become the mighty poet who could delineate human emotions and frailties as precisely with his pen as he had exposed human muscles and bones with a lancet during dissections as a surgeon.
Circuits of Reappropriation
Authors: Hughes Edward J.
Published: September 2020

In attempting in Retour à Reims (2009) to retrieve his earlier life experience, the sociologist Didier Eribon conveys the affective charge associated with the return to his working-class origins. The current study considers how the social and sexual obstacles that such a return brings means that the encounter with the real is frequently filtered through a series of intertextual references. With notions of digression and detour (theoretical, textual and bibliographical) forming a recurring feature in the work, access to the real thus comes via a process of circuitous re-appropriation. Eribon’s textual detours involve consideration of figures such as Foucault, Bourdieu and Wideman whose choices, respectively, of the fields of the historical archive, sociological enquiry and the genre of autobiography Eribon explores.
A la dérive
Authors: Robertson Eric
Published: September 2020

The notion of the formless found a lasting definition in Documents, the dissident Surrealist magazine led by Georges Bataille, Carl Einstein and Michel Leiris from 1929 to 1931.  In an unassuming short entry for its ‘Dictionnaire’, Bataille presents the informe emphatically not as a system or a structure, but as ‘un terme servant à déclasser’; yet neither the disruptive impulse of the 'Dictionnaire', nor the more recent exhibitions it has generated, can avoid a measure of taxonomic organisation (L'Informe: mode d'emploi, 1996; Undercover Surrealism, 2006). In the realm of poetry, free verse has eroded the boundaries of the poetic, but its freedom from formal constraints is limited too; as Jay Parini (2008) contends, ‘formless poetry does not really exist, as poets inevitably create patterns in language that replicate forms of experience.’  Through  a small number of case studies, this chapter will consider the legacy of Bataille’s definition while assessing the ongoing tension between form and its undoing in textual and visual art of the twenty-first century.
Form and Energeia in the Work of Barbara Cassin (For M)
Authors: Syrotinski Michael
Published: September 2020

For Barbara Cassin, the distinguished French philosopher and Greek philologist, and editor of the acclaimed Vocabulaire européen des philosophies: Dictionnaire des intraduisibles, the question of form coalesces at the juncture of several intertwined disciplinary interests, and theoretical enterprises: the ever-expanding ‘Untranslatables’ project, in which literary and aesthetic form are at the heart of a very different way of 'doing philosophy' multilingually; the reading of Lacanian psychoanalysis as a form of modern-day sophistry; and the critique of Google’s domination of the information age.  This chapter reads 'form' in her work through a consideration of how it functions in each of a series of interrelated operations   — the sophistic challenge to Platonic or Aristotelian form; the status of transformation in Lacanian psychoanalysis; an Austinian performative reading of political discourse; and how the so-called information age is redefining the very form itself of knowledge — all of which, I will argue, are tied in different ways to the core notion of the untranslatable.
L’École républicaine
Authors: Sachs Leon
Published: September 2020

The longstanding image of the French school as an engine of national unity, egalitarian democracy and republican citizenship is, in the postcolonial era, faltering. Students from working class and/or non-European immigrant backgrounds struggle in a school system that, despite its egalitarian claims, favours students from wealthier families of European descent. The former thus feel excluded from full participation in French society. Such academic inequality casts doubt on the viability of republican universalism, a pillar of French schooling that treats students as autonomous rational actors and resists adjusting the curriculum to cultural particularities. Rooted in the Enlightenment rationalism of the Revolutionary period, this universalist doctrine views the school as a sanctuary where the student develops her or his intellectual faculties in an environment protected from the influence of outside opinion emanating from family, religion, or cultural particularities. Contemporary debates about the integration of France’s multicultural student population thus challenge the very philosophical foundations of French republicanism.
The Clamart Salon
Authors: Sharpley-Whiting T. Denean
Published: September 2020

This essay explores the Nardal sisters’ literary output and the twentieth-century literary salon as ground zero for debates about the multi-layered identity that is Frenchness, over and against French memory and sites of historical memorialization, histories of Negritude, and the history of French salons. It examines questions of French identity, exclusion and appropriation, gender, assimilation, and political culture as they relate to conversations at the Clamart salon and the writings of its hosts. The contrast between Frantz Fanon’s famous ‘Look a Negro!’ and its precursor found in a Paulette Nardal short story highlights the need to locate the sœurs Nardal into the long and rich history of Black France, but also to situate the salon in the broader ethos of race consciousness emergent in the Black Atlantic world of its time.
La Case créole
Authors: Waters Julia
Published: September 2020

This essay focuses on the evolution of the humble case créole on Île de la Réunion, as physical ‘crystallisation’ of the various stages of the island’s colonial history and of the diverse cultural influences that have shaped its abiding features. As reflected in contemporary Reunionnese literature, the case créole also offers a potent symbol of a lost ‘art de vivre réunionnais’ and, implicitly, of marked, colonial-era racial and social divisions. Despite the seemingly ineluctable disappearance of the case créole as a living, lived-in milieu, recent developments paradoxically signal the enduring resilience and adaptability of this most evocative of (neo)colonial lieux de mémoire.
The Abolition of Slavery
Authors: Khadraoui-Fortune Sophia
Published: September 2020

April 24th 1998, a two-meter-high iron statue of a slave, arms raised towards the sky, breaking free from his/her chains, was erected clandestinely in Nantes, the primary French slave port of the eighteenth century. Faced with the local government’s refusal to erect a statue commemorating the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery, the Mémoire de l’Outre-Mer association decided, in secret, to commission a sculpture. Following the organization’s initial success of hijacking the inauguration, the statue was vandalized. It soon became a performative monument, a memorial palimpsest, and a centre stage of a symbolic combat where opponents and supporters clashed. This essay reveals the democratic praxis at the heart of this commemoration debate. With both the pressure of citizens on the political body, and the triple practice of diversion, subversion, and taking hostage of (public) space, the association thwarts the writing and power strategies of the city of Nantes and its culture of silence. Mémoire de l’Outre-Mer not only resists official discourse but subsequently imposes its own version of French history on the whitened pages of France’s colonial narrative, thus reclaiming a past, a story, an identity, by bringing to light existences and testimonies, and defining new lieux de parole.
BUMIDOM
Authors: Murdoch H. Adlai
Published: September 2020

The demographics of contemporary France show that there are an estimated 800,000 people of French Caribbean birth or descent presently living on the French mainland. Problematizating this presence properly begins with the end of the Second World War and the advent of two events closely situated in time: the inauguration of the ‘Trente Glorieuses’ period of French economic expansion (approximately 1946-1975), and the departmentalization law of March 1946. The need to respond to postwar labor shortages, and to regulate and stabilize the labour force being brought into France to address these shortages, gave rise to the birth of BUMIDOM as a state agency early in the Fifth Republic. BUMIDOM’s goal was to furnish a state-organized and -controlled labor pool. Migration to the metropole – and its attendant ethnic, cultural and linguistic corollaries there along with the socioeconomic transformation of the DOMs – has probably been the most visible consequence of BUMIDOM’s creation.
Colonial Exhibitions
Authors: Bancel Nicolas , Blanchard Pascal
Published: September 2020

This essay focuses on a specific aspect of colonial propaganda and on the dissemination of the ‘colonial idea’ in France, namely colonial exhibitions and their early manifestations, colonial pavilions in universal expositions. It offers a detailed analysis of France’s largest colonial exhibition, the 1931 Exposition Coloniale organized in Vincennes, through the exploration of the non-discursive, often playful mechanisms that allowed visitors to live a ‘total experience’ of the colonial empire, mobilizing all their senses and cognitive resources. The historiographic challenge to which we respond that of is determining whether these manifestations were only marginal, peripheral moments in French contemporary history or, as we suggest, they played a deciding role in bolstering support to the colonial ideal of ‘civilizing mission’ and contributed to transforming the national narrative and representations of the nation.
Jeanne Duval
Authors: Rosello Mireille
Published: September 2020

This particular attempt at imagining a site of memory made of words may appear irreverent at first, but it has been crafted as an homage to a formidable woman: Jeanne Duval. I have taken the liberty of fictionalizing a first-person narrator who will talk about ‘herself’, at the risk of usurping her voice and her identity. Jeanne (whose name was or was not Duval) was a woman of colour and she had a long-term turbulent relationship with the enfant terrible of French nineteenth-century poetry, Charles Baudelaire. As a result, historical accounts both magnify and marginalize her. Trying to do justice to a historical character who was so much more than a muse but may not have been happy to embrace the role of exemplary black foremother, this text puts together the numerous and often incompatible portraits of Jeanne Duval. She appears and disappears in biographies (Emmanuel Richon), novels (Fabienne Pasquet), short stories (Angela Carter), academic studies (Claude Pichois). She is both present and absent, celebrated and erased in the so-called ‘Black Venus cycle’ of Baudelaire’s Flower of Evil as well as in paintings by Edouard Manet (Baudelaire’s Mistress, Reclining) and Gustave Courbet (The Painter’s Studio). The objective was to question the process of memorialization that might silence or appropriate her instead of providing her with a safe space of memory. It remains to be seen to what extent Jeanne is here celebrated or betrayed.
Women’s Rights
Authors: Vergès Françoise
Published: September 2020

In 1971, French white male doctors were found not-guilty of having practiced thousands of abortions and sterilizations without consent upon poor women of color in Reunion Island, a French overseas territory. I analyze why, though it was still a crime severely punished in France, abortion was encouraged by the State in a French ‘postcolony’ and why the French Women’s Liberation Movement, despite being aware of the scandal, never confronted the dual politics of the State nor sought to understand what it meant for their struggle for rights. I see in this blindness the legacy of an indifference connected to what Aimé Césaire called the ‘shock in return’ of slavery and colonialism onto Europe, which has shaped even progressive movements such as feminism. I conclude that ‘the situation of poor and non-white women in overseas territories was ignored because it did not fit the narrative of a universal patriarchy that treated women in a similar way despite their race, ethnicity, age, ability, sexuality and class. The struggles of overseas feminist movements were also ignored because they did not fit the narrative of European women’s struggle for emancipation: they insisted too much on colonialism and anti-racism’.
Children’s Literature
Authors: Dine Philip
Published: September 2020

Adventure stories for a juvenile audience were a major vector for the inculcation of preferred images of the French empire. Thrilling colonial narratives were informed by ideologies that ranged from the nuanced Anglophilia of Jules Verne in the 1860s to the deep-rooted Anglophobia of Emile Driant (‘le captaine Danrit’) on the eve of the First World War. During the 1914-1918 hostilities, childhood favourites such as Bécassine were mobilized in defence of France, together with its overseas territories. With the rise of comic strips and comic books in the 1920s, Hergé’s now celebrated Tintin emerged as a particularly powerful advocate for the colonial cause. This literary inheritance would continue to be appealed to after the Second World War, until successive French defeats in Indo-China and Algeria finally allowed writing for younger audiences to engage critically with colonial memories and post-colonial identities