bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALISASI PENERIMAAN CUKAI HPTL VAPE DI MASA YANG AKAN DATANG
Authors: Firdiansyah Akhmad
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:Other Tobacco Product Excise (HPTL) that specifically imposed on Tobacco Extracts and Essence are tobacco products in liquid, solid, or other forms originating from processing tobacco leaves made by extraction or other cutting-edge methods regardless their additives. Then it sells to the final customer in retail who consumes by heating using an electric heater, vaping, and inhaling it. To date, consumers of these products have been increased in youth generation. This study aims to provide a perspective to the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) to encourage acceptance of HPTL (electric cigarette) excise on vape products on the grounds it causes health problems less than conventional cigarettes. In addition, an increase in e-cigarettes demands indicating that socialization is important to attract conventional smokers to substitute for e-cigarettes. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The results demonstrated that DJBC is recommended to be more assertive in making e-cigarette policies as alternative tax revenue and a lesser impact on health problems compared to conventional cigarettes. Good management and socialization of HPTL are expected to increase smoker's perception of e-cigarettes in the future.Keywords: HPTL Excise, e-cigarettes, vape.ABSTRAK:Cukai Hasil Produk Tembakau Lainnya (HPTL) dikenakan secara spesifik terhadap Ekstrak dan Esens Tembakau adalah hasil tembakau berbentuk cair, padat, atau bentuk lainnya yang berasal dari pengolahan daun tembakau yang dibuat dengan cara ekstraksi atau cara mutakhir lain tanpa mengindahkan bahan aditif dalam pembuatannya. Produk ini kemudian dipasarkan kepada konsumen· akhir yang mengonsumsi dengan cara dipanaskan menggunakan alat pemanas elektrik, diuapkan, dan dihisap. Saat ini terjadi kenaikan pengguna produk ini pada generasi muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan perspektif kepada Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) untuk menggiatkan penerimaan cukai HPTL produk vape (rokok elektrik) dengan alasan menimbulkan dampak bahaya kesehatan dan penyakit yang lebih kecil dibandingkan rokok konvensional. Selain itu, permintaan rokok elektrik cenderung meningkat sehingga sosialisasi perlu dilakukan agar menarik perokok konvensional untuk beralih kepada rokok elektrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa DJBC disarankan untuk lebih tegas dalam hal pembuatan kebijakan rokok elektrik sebagai alternatif penerimaan cukai yang potensial dan dampak kesehatan lebih rendah dibanding rokok konvensional. Pengelolaan dan sosialiasi HPTL yang baik diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman perokok mengenai penggunaan rokok elektrik di masa yang akan datang.Kata Kunci: Cukai HPTL, rokok elektrik, vape.
GADD45G is differentially expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2020

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We sought to identify genes associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) by comparing global gene expression profiles of normal ovary with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with HGSC using published microarray data (2, 3). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding GADD45G in high-grade serous ovarian tumors.
The indeterminist objectivity of quantum mechanics versus the determinist subjectivity of classical physics
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: July 2020

Indeterminism of quantum mechanics is considered as an immediate corollary from the theorems about absence of hidden variables in it, and first of all, the Kochen – Specker theorem. The base postulate of quantum mechanics formulated by Niels Bohr that it studies the system of an investigated microscopic quantum entity and the macroscopic apparatus described by the smooth equations of classical mechanics by the readings of the latter implies as a necessary condition of quantum mechanics the absence of hidden variables, and thus, quantum indeterminism. Consequently, the objectivity of quantum mechanics and even its possibility and ability to study its objects as they are by themselves imply quantum indeterminism. The so-called free-will theorems in quantum mechanics elucidate that the “valuable commodity” of free will is not a privilege of the experimenters and human beings, but it is shared by anything in the physical universe once the experimenter is granted to possess free will. The analogical idea, that e.g. an electron might possess free will to “decide” what to do, scandalized Einstein forced him to exclaim (in a letter to Max Born in 2016) that he would be а shoemaker or croupier rather than a physicist if this was true. Anyway, many experiments confirmed the absence of hidden variables and thus quantum indeterminism in virtue of the objectivity and completeness of quantum mechanics. Once quantum mechanics is complete and thus an objective science, one can ask what this would mean in relation to classical physics and its objectivity. In fact, it divides disjunctively what possesses free will from what does not. Properly, all physical objects belong to the latter area according to it, and their “behavior” is necessary and deterministic. All possible decisions, on the contrary, are concentrated in the experimenters (or human beings at all), i.e. in the former domain not intersecting the latter. One may say that the cost of the determinism and unambiguous laws of classical physics, is the indeterminism and free will of the experimenters and researchers (human beings) therefore necessarily being out of the scope and objectivity of classical physics. This is meant as the “deterministic subjectivity of classical physics” opposed to the “indeterminist objectivity of quantum mechanics”.
Climate change impact on millet productivity in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors: Danilova N. V.
Published: July 2020

Negative impact of climate change on crop yields is already an established fact. This is mainly due to rising temperatures and increasing likelihood of droughts. However, in some regions there is an increase of certain crops yields, especially the drought-resistant ones and this determines the need for research of agro-climatic conditions for formation of such crops' yield.

This article presents the results of the study of agro-climatic conditions for formation of millet crops, one of the most drought-resistant crops in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, affected by climate change. It considers temperature, radiation and humidification regimes of millet crops. The research of the impact of climate change on the growth, development and formation of millet crops is conducted according to the scenarios of future climate change RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for a thirty-year period (2021-2050) divided into three decades: 2021-2030, 2031-2040 and 2041-2050. The period from 1986 to 2005 is a basic period. The average long-term agroclimatic data for the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine observed in this period are used. The calculations were performed using the model of crop productivity formation which was modified and adapted to millet crop. The block diagram of the model of millet productivity formation includes blocks of main physiological processes of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) vital activity: photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development and also includes a hydrometeorological block. It is assumed that the average air temperature will decrease in all three ten-year periods of both scenarios, compared to the accepted long-term averages. The results of calculations showed that in all ten-year periods of both scenarios there is an increase in millet yield compared with the average long-term data (1986-2005). The highest yield is formed according to the RCP8.5 scenario over the period from 2041 to 2050 and is expected at the level of 29.2 c/ha which is 19% higher than the current one.
Itching as the onset of pain (part 3)
Authors: Kushnir Valerii , Dmytrenko Svitlana , Katilov Oleksandr , Kushnir Natalia
Published: July 2020

Itchy skin is an extremely unpleasant symptom that can provoke insomnia, depression, irritability, loss of appetite. There are several theories of itching. According to one of them, itching is a modified pain caused by a slight irritation of the nerve endings in the skin. According to the second, itching is an independent symptom, in the formation of which nervous, humoral and vascular mechanisms are involved. Other theories consider itching as a reaction of the autonomic nervous system or a hereditary pathological condition. According to recent studies, itchy skin is characterized by the absence of a universal peripheral mediator of itching. The trigger for itching is the action of pruritogen – a mechanical, chemical, thermal or electrical stimulant directly or indirectly through mediators. Free ends of type A delta fibers and type C fibers play a crucial role in itching and pain. If this was previously confirmed only by clinical observations, now there are neurophysiological studies that support the theory that itching and pain fibers are one with different activity thresholds. Today, it is unacceptable that there are separate specific receptors for different sensations. It is now assumed that there are mixed receptors for heat, cold, pain, itching and touch [95]. Systematic use of substances included in the list of drugs and manifested by mental and physical dependence on them – drug addiction, one of the diseases of society. But drug addiction is sometimes forced, according to medical indications, in cases of palliative conditions. Depending on the stage of the person after taking the drug or in the interval between drug use, one of the signs of use may be severe itching of the skin. And after excluding both the main diseases that cause itching and other secondary causes of itching, it can be assumed that a person has idiopathic generalized pruritus (itching) of unknown origin (GPOU). The itching of the elderly, which is quite common in the elderly, as a manifestation of concomitant, often combined, somatic pathology, but may also be due to physiological changes, both on the skin and on the physiological aging of nerve endings.
Why Advanced Alien Civilizations Might Not Communicate the Way We Expect
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: July 2020

General Collective Intelligence or GCI has been defined as a system that orchestrates individuals into a single collective intelligence with the potential for vastly greater problem-solving ability than any individual in the group. Firstly, in that case of any civilization that has achieved GCI, due to its complexity, any transmission for purposes of communication might be perceived as noise. Furthermore GCI is a pattern that might potentially repeat at any order N, resulting in successively more complex communication at successively greater scale. The need to avoid interference in such communication at any given order of GCI suggests such communication on a planetary level within a given civilization might be likely to be wired and not wireless. Finally, identifying and detecting possible modes of communication and deciphering communication between civilizations that have achieved GCI is potentially a problem of higher order complexity that is not reliably solvable without GCI or without another higher order intelligence such as an AGI. Since neither the problem nor the solution can reliably be resolved, by definition higher order problems are those in which one is likely to be trying to solve the wrong problem with the wrong solution. If so, then in trying to detect communication within or between civilizations that have reached the state of implementing a first order or higher order GCI, current efforts in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) are likely to be looking in the entirely wrong direction.
Violencia obstétrica en la etapa de embarazo, parto y puerperio, en el hospital regional Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda, período 2019 – 2020.
Authors: ALCIVAR MEDRANDA EVA MARGARITA , BASURTO MENDOZA GEMA PRISCILA
Published: July 2020

Un factor importante durante la etapa del embarazo es disponer de un estado emocional adecuado que permita la evolución sin obstrucción reflejada por algún tipo de violencia por ello, esta investigación propone caracterizar la violencia obstétrica en la etapa de embarazo, parto y puerperio en el hospital regional Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda periodo 2019 – 2020.  Para ello se utilizó un tipo de estudio no experimental, con un enfoque cuali - cuantitativo; apoyados con los métodos, estadístico, bibliográfico, analítico, descriptivo, se utilizó técnicas como la entrevista y la encuesta, con los instrumentos: la guía de entrevista y cuestionario, en una población y muestra de 210 mujeres atendidas en el área de ginecología del hospital. Como resultados se obtuvo que, con el 74% las mujeres en el proceso de puerperio, se han sentido deprimidas, mientras que con el 5% se han sentido intimidadas por algún profesional del hospital. Para concluir, este trabajo pone de manifiesto que existe violencia durante la etapa del embarazo, parto y puerperio, si bien esta no se atribuye a factores físicos, si implica características psicológicas, reflejadas en el hospital por parte del personal de salud, quienes están inmersos en la atención que se brinda a usuarios.
ACADEMIC SOCIAL CAPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kafid Nur , Rohmatika Arina
Published: July 2020

Abstract

This study aims to see the potential and positioning of IAIN Surakarta, amid the trend of institutional transformation of Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia. In fact, transformation is not merely a matter of changing institutional status, but also the scientific quality of its civitas academics in responding to the technological developments and to the complexity of modern society’s problems. Based on the qualitative approach, wherein the data is obtained from 10 key informants which are determined through the purposive sampling method, the results of this study show that institutional transformation requires the readiness of all resources as its academic social capital. Started from good and appropriate mapping, management and resource development, in accordance with the quality standards determined. However, all of these will not work well without comprehensive institutional policies. Policies that refer to the strategic development plans, and completed with various rules, achievements, and indicators.

 Keywords: Islamic higher education, and Institutional transformation
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ISLAMIC WASATHIYAH OF MAKKAH AL-MUKARRAMAH IN THE SPREADING OF ISLAM IN LOMBOK, INDONESIA
Authors: Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Thohri Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Kehadiran Alumni Madrasah Saulatiyyah di bagian tengah Nusantara diterima secara luas dengan penciri transimisi Sunni vis a vis Wahabi, sejak di Makkah. Para alumni Saulatiyyah sebenarnya mengalami urban-pressure metropolitan Makkah namun ramah terhadap problem khilafiyah lintas pemikiran Islam. Alumni Saulatiyyah adalah Tuan Guru. Mereka berada di poros tengah Indonesia (Lombok) dalam bentangan Nusantara. Mereka konsisten bergerak mengabdi, mengajarkan faham sunni moderat melalui kegiatan edukasi sejak pra-kemerdekaan, lalu gerakan edukasi menjadi model utama gerakan dari generasi ke generasi. Arus besar pelajar Saulatiyyah sekitar 1985-an. Infiltrasi Saulatiyyah adalah gerakan revolusioner pelembagaan ajaran agama Islam dengan gaya kepemimpinan paternalistik-kolegial.Infiltrasi Saulatiyyah berupa taklim dan pendidikan formal. Pendidikan formal yang dibangun adalah madrasah dan sekolah. Lombok dengan tuan guru Saulatiyyah bukan pendidikan Islam Jawa (tanpa pegon, tanpa utawi iku), melainkan pendidikan Saulatiyyah.Sanad keilmuan alumni Saulatiyyah adalah sanad ‘aly (langsung ke pusat Islam terutama Fiqh, Quran Hadits dan Qiraah). Produk pendidikan yang digiatkan alumni Saulatiyyah bukan sekolah Arab (pengantar bukan bahasa Arab, bukan pula pondok tahfiz).Saulatiyyah dan reflikanya adalah ortodoksisme Islam modernisme pendidikan.

 Keywords: Kontribusi,  Paternalistik, Saulatiyyah,  dan Ortodoksi Islam.
Kemampuan bahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun melalui permainan kata orak-arik
Authors: Veryawan Veryawan , Jellysha Jellysha
Published: July 2020

This study aims to improve 5-6-year-children’s language skills through scrambled wordplay in TK Methodist Binjai. This research was conducted because there were problems with the lack of children's language skills in recognizing letters and words. This research was a classroom action research. The subjects in this study were 15 children of B-1 TK Methodist Binjai consisting of 4 boys and 11 girls. The object in this study was the language ability to recognize letters through scrambled wordplay. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation by filling in the observation table of the observed activities. This research was conducted in 2 (two) cycles. The results showed that the activity of playing scrambled words can improve children's language skills in recognizing letters and words. The results of observation in the first cycle obtained 46% of children who developed according to expectations and in the second cycle increased to 67% of children who developed as expected followed by 33% of children who developed very well. This showed that the activity of playing scrambled words to improve children's language skills in recognizing letters and words have been successful.
mRNA NFATC1 Expression in Genu Osteoarthritis with Effusion
Authors: Reagan Muhammad , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Hidayat Rachmat , Darma Surya , Muthia Putri
Published: July 2020

Based on a study conducted by the WHO Global Burden of Disease in 2010 stated, OA ranks 11th, the cause of disability in the world, and ranks 6th in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific countries, ranked 10th in North America, ranked 7th in Eastern Europe , and ranked 13th in Western Europe. Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) as degenerative joint disease that was once thought caused by a mechanical process. The prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis and progression of OA are still not understood until now, mainly because of the many influencing factors. This type of research is a analytic study. It was conducted in Rheumatology Polyclinic Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from February to December 2019. Affordable research population is all genu osteoarthritis sufferers with effusion who go to Dr. RSUP Mohammad Hoesin Palembang as 80 samples. Comparison of NFATC1 mRNA levels in genu osteoarthritis patients with effusion shows that there is no difference in gender and history of diabetes, whereas hypertension history and degree of osteoarthritis based on Lawrence Kalgren shows significantly different expression of NFATC1 mRNA. Age with NFATC1 mRNA expression showed no significant correlation, in contrast to BMI, Stroke Test and joint effusion volume showed a weak significant correlation, even though the direction of the correlation was negative on Stroke Test and joint effusion volume.
comprensión narrativa en preescolares de zonas periféricas de Nicaragua
Authors: Bonilla-Jarquín Alex Martín , Ruiz-Almendárez Sandra Esther
Published: July 2020

La comprensión narrativa en la educación preescolar ha sido objeto de varios estudios internacionales que demuestran que constituye un antecesor y un predictor de éxito de la comprensión lectora e identifican las metodologías más efectivas para promoverla. Esta investigación describe cómo se enseña la comprensión narrativa en escuelas periféricas de Nicaragua y explora la efectividad de las metodologías que se ponen en práctica. La investigación fue de tipo exploratoria; tuvo como unidad de análisis a cinco maestras distribuidas en cinco aulas de clases de tercer nivel de preescolar, en las que atienden a niños de entre 5 y 6 años. Se observó la lectura de textos narrativos de tipo cuento en las aulas, se realizaron entrevistas, revisión de planes de clase, análisis del currículo, y se aplicaron dos instrumentos validados en otras investigaciones: un cuestionario de habilidades lectoras para docentes y una prueba de comprensión narrativa para preescolar. Los resultados indican que en estas aulas no se está enseñando explícitamente la comprensión narrativa; las maestras estimulan algunas habilidades, pero los niños y las niñas no logran reconstruir las historias de forma significativa y coherente. En esta investigación se confirma que se desarrollan la lectura en voz alta, las inferencias literales y la interacción docente-estudiante. La predicción, la comprensión del vocabulario y el concepto de impresión son habilidades que no se estimulan en los niños y niñas durante las narraciones orales. Las inferencias causales y socioemocionales son muy limitadas.
Rancang Bangun E-Learning Pronunciation Bahasa Inggris STKIP Setiabudhi Rangkasbitung Berbasis Web
Authors: Karyaningsih Dentik , Siswanto Puji
Published: July 2020

Lecture courses in the English Language Education Study Program of STKIP Setiabudhi Rangkasbitung are still conducted in face-to-face class, so the students who do not attend lectures cannot know the pronunciation material at that time, because the Pronunciation course is a practical course in the English pronunciation system. The E-Learning Pronunciation is built so that lectures can be carried out anywhere and anytime without reducing the quality of the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the students who are left behind can continue to follow the Pronunciation course material, as well as habituating students in utilizing communication and information technology. E-Learning Pronunciation is important to be built to improve the ability of students’ pronunciation when doing distance learning, so that students are clearer and more firm in understanding Pronunciation so that there are no errors in English pronunciation. Participants in this study were first semester students of English education study programs. This study uses an experimental research design with the Prototype System development method and system of testing uses Black box testing.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Kesehatan Reproduksi Pada Remaja Di SMAN 110 Jakarta
Authors: Desiana Tyas Ayu
Published: July 2020

According to WHO, adolescent defined as individuals in the 10 to 19 years age groups. Rapid physical changes and hormonal changes in adolescents creates a problems such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV / AIDS and pregnancy in adolescents. This study aims to find out factors associated with reproductive health behavior among adolescent in SMAN 110 Jakarta. The design study used descriptive analytic research method with cross sectional research design. Study population was 144 students in the 11th grade of social class (IPS). The number of respondent was 116 people and the sampling technique was purposive sampling.. Data analysis used chi square test. The result of this study showed 42,2% of respondent with risky reproductive health behavior. Predisposing factors such as knowledge of reproductive health (p=0,045) and attitude (p=0,032) statistically significant related to reproductive health behavior. Enabling factors such as health services (p=0,031) statistically significant related to reproductive health behavior. And reinforcing factors which is parents communication (p=0,036) statistically significant related to reproductive health behavior. Adolescents are expected to have good knowledge about reproductive health, ways to protect themselves against sexual or reproductive problems, and diseases so that they have responsible attitudes and behavior regarding the reproductive process.
La pesca en las negociaciones del Brexit
Authors: De Pesca Sostenible Dirección General
Published: July 2020

Desde que el Reino Unido comunicó su intención de abandonar la Unión Europea, la pesca ha sido una cuestión prioritaria. Ello se debe al estrecho vínculo creado entre los países que desarrollan actividades pesqueras en aguas de la Unión Europea bajo un mismo régimen, la Política Pesquera Común, con el fin de hacer de la pesca una actividad económica sostenible en todas sus vertientes.

Una parte de la flota pesquera española se ha desarrollado ejerciendo esta actividad en las aguas británicas, consolidando un tejido industrial y comercial ligado a las zonas costeras, donde sus puertos y otras industrias asociadas dependen de la continuidad de esta actividad.

Por ello, es primordial garantizar el mantenimiento de la actividad pesquera del conjunto de la flota de la Unión Europea cuando Reino Unido recupere la soberanía sobre su Zona Económica Exclusiva (ZEE) y conservar una fluida y equitativa relación comercial, para el aprovisionamiento del mercado de la proteína que proporciona el pescado.
The Effect of Acidic and Alkaline Chemical Solutions on the Behavior of Collapsible Soils
Authors: Khodabandeh Mohammad Ali , Nokande Saber , Besharatinezhad Ali , Sadeghi Behnam , Hosseini Seyed Mahdi
Published: July 2020

In this research, the effect of acidic and alkaline chemical solutions on the behavior of loessial soil was investigated. To evaluate the severity of acidity and alkalinity of chemicals, two factors sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide were used in the pH of 3, 5, 9, 11. In this research, the effect of acidic and alkaline solutions on the collapse potential, shear strength parameters and unconfined compression of collapsible soils were investigated. Experimental tests results showed that acidic solutions with a low pH increase the collapse potential and effective cohesion of soil and decrease effective internal friction angle; on the other hand, alkaline solutions with a high pH decrease the collapse potential and effective cohesion of the soil and increase effective internal friction angle. The results of unconfined compression tests showed that with increasing the acidity and alkalinity in soil, the undrained strength of the soil decreased. SEM test results showed an increase in soil cavities in acidic solution while the soil cavities were fixed in alkaline solution.
Information and analytical ensuring of dairy farming sustainable development in agricultural enterprises
Authors: Radko V. , Svynous I.
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the current state of information and analytical ensuringof dairy livestock in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. It is proved that introduction of the information system of business processes management in dairy livestock and improvement of the approach to the calculation of the production cost will contribute to the improvement of quality and safety of products, and will create preconditions for sustainable development of business structures of the industry.
The components of a comprehensive information and analytical support system are identifed, which include: computerized systems for managing production processes and dairy herds at the agricultural enterpriseslevel; setting up scientifc and consulting support for producers by regional centers, which should be created on the basis of agrarian universities; improvement of the production costing system taking into account quality of milk and weight of litter; the calculation of the actual cost of feed.
It is proposed to create a “Dairy Livestock” information system, which should include such information resources as: a register of owners of farm animals; register of farm animals (herds); the register of means of identifcation.
This system will allow to create methodological and technological bases for introduction of a unifed information system that meets the national and international requirements of the cattleidentifcation and registration system, will assist in the development and implementation of a centralized national system of registration and maintenance of data on the subjects of the industry, which will facilitate the creation of the technological basis for organizing electronic mechanisms for tracking animal products.
It is established that dividing the total amount of costs for the volume of production of basic conditions (fat content - 3.4% and protein content - 3.0%), the cost of 1 c milk is calculated taking into account the quality. With this approach to costing, it is possible to generate additional income from the sale of milk, part of which is appropriate to be used to stimulate the work of staﬀ of livestock complexes in order to improve the quality of products.
Key words: information system, dairy cattle, livestock, productivity, herd management systems, product evaluation, cost.
Current trends in debt policy of city councils and directions of its improvement
Authors: Boyko S. , Dragan O. , Tkachenko K.
Published: July 2020

The need to rethink the role of urban debt policy in accordance with the growing needs of urban communities and their sustainable socio-economic development is identified. In Ukraine, the legal preconditions for the formation of cities' own debt policy and the implementation of borrowing in both domestic and foreign nancial markets. The current state of local budgets and decentralization processes only highlight the need for cities to develop debt policy.
The formation of the institution of local borrowings in Ukraine is analyzed and an in-depth analysis of borrowings of city councils in 2014-2019 is carried out with the definition of three periods: 2014-2015 - increase in borrowed funds, but such borrowings were formed mainly due to debt activity of Kyiv City Council domestic local bonds; 2016–2017 - decrease in the amount of borrowed funds, which occurred under the inÀuence of macroeconomic, political and fiscal instability; 2018-2019 - resumption of debt activity of city councils that had experience of borrowing in the previous, relatively analyzed, period and diversification of forms of local borrowing.
Based on the cluster analysis, the main characteristics of the modern debt policy of city councils of Ukraine, which is based on the di൵erentiation of city councils-borrowers, are determined. The main borrower remains the Kyiv City Council (the share was about 67%), the activity of borrowings was noted in the following city councils: Zaporizhia, Dnipro, Lviv, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk. It is established that the debt policy of city councils is based on raising funds from NEFCO, state-owned banks and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine.
Improving the debt policy of city councils of Ukraine should be based on the synergy of actions of central government agencies: (Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, Debt Agency of Ukraine, NBU, National securities and stock market commission (NSSMC)Financial Control Ofice, etc.) and city councils. Vectors for improving the debt policy of city councils should be an integral part of the Strategy for the Development of the Financial Sector of Ukraine until 2025 and meet its key strategic goals and directions.
Key words: debt policy, local debt, local borrowings, domestic local government bonds, external local government bonds, fiscal decentralization.
Creativity as a basis for rural tourism development strategy
Authors: Pechenyuk A.P.
Published: July 2020

The subject of the study is creativity as a component of tourism development strategy. The aim is to study the socio-cultural development of Ukrainian society for creativity and to identify its directions in rural tourism development strategies.
The set of methods, principles and techniques of scientific knowledge was used: a) systematic approach method - when considering creativity as a system consisting of a certain number of interrelated elements; b) comparative analysis - in the study of trends in the development of socio-cultural sphere; c) a scientific abstraction method - to highlight the strong, typical links between socio-cultural development and creativity.
The socio-cultural development of Ukrainian society as a potential producer of creative ideas has been investigated. The general tendencies of development of creative sectors of economy are determined. Models of relations between creative industries and the rest of the economy are considered. The creative industry has been linked to the rural economy's impression economy. Problems of development of socio-cultural sector of rural territories of Ukraine are outlined and analyzed. The directions of changing the paradigm of perception of rural settlements in relation to their reorientation to tourist activity are determined. It is established that successful implementation of a rural development strategy is not possible without a creative component that will help to form an innovative tourism product and attract new consumers. The indicators of creativity that are necessary for the formation of rural tourism development strategy are presented. Directions for positive change in rural communities have been identified.
The results of the study may be the direction of developing an effective national strategy for rural development, based on creative ideas and involvement of creative sectors, which will ultimately be a social effect of the proposals.
Keywords: creativity, tourism development, socio-cultural development, green tourism, strategy, creative economy.
Conceptual principles for ensuring effective protection of information in the context of economic security of the enterprise
Authors: Pecheniuk A.V.
Published: July 2020

The necessity of formation of an effective information security system of the enterprise is substantiated. It is emphasized that when designing an information policy, the firm must comply with the requirements of the current legislation, take into account the level of technical support, especially the regulation of employees' access to confidential information, etc. It is stated that the costs of organizing information security measures should be appropriate to its value.
The article identifies major threats that could be breached by confidential information. The list of the main normative legal acts aimed at bringing to civil, administrative and criminal responsibility for illegal collection, disclosure and use of information constituting a trade secret. The main stages of building an information security policy are summarized, the most common types of information threats related to the use of modern computer technologies are described.
The necessity of developing a domestic original accounting (management) program that could be used in the long term by the vast majority of Ukrainian enterprises is pointed out.
There are three groups of tools that are applied in the theory and practice of information security of the enterprise (active, passive and combined), emphasizing the need for planning and continuous monitoring in real time of all important processes and conditions that affect data security.
It is noted that even if the information security system is built taking into account all modern methods and means of protection, it does not guarantee one hundred percent protection of the information resources of the enterprise, but a well-designed information security policy allows to minimize the corresponding risks.
Key words: information security, information policy, information security, confidential information, information threats, information and communication technologies, software.
The effect of cherry fruits postharvest treatment with composition of chitosan and salicylic acid on their after storage qualities
Authors: Vasylyshyna O.
Published: July 2020

Cherry is a widespread crop in Ukraine, it is a valuable source of vitamins and antioxidants though it is a perishable food unit. Therefore, the search for storage technologies using new types of packaging is underway. The aim of the study was to determine the eﬀect of treatment on the composition of chitosan and salicylic acid on the physico-chemical characteristics of cherry fruits during the storage. For research, the fruits of the cherry varieties of Alfa and Pam’yat Artemenka, grown at the pomology research station named after L.P. Symyrenko of the Institute of Pomology of NAAN, the day before harvesting were treated with a solution of chitosan with salicylic acid and then dried for a day. Picked from the trees in the consumer stage of ripeness, the fruit were put in boxes №5 weighing 5 kg for storage at a temperature of 1±0.5 °C and a relative humidity of 95±1 %. Untreated fruits were taken as the control.
According to the research results, the output of marketed cherry fruit of Alpha and Pam’yat Artemenka remained at the level of 85.2 % and 83.6 %, respectively, in 15 days of storage with the weight loss of 5.4−5.7 %, the content of soluble solids decreased by 8.9–10.1 %, titrated acids 2 times, ascorbic acid – 1,7–1,9 times.
Compared to the control, the treatment of cherry fruits with salicylic acid solution allowed to increase the yield of marketable products by 2.4−2.2 %, to reduce the weight loss to 3.5−3.4 %, the solids content by 3.8−4.4 %, titrated acids – by 41.8 −48 %, ascorbic acid – 36.1 and 33.3 %.
The cherry fruit pretreatment with 1 % solution of chitosan with salicylic acid is the most eﬀective and contributes to an increase in the yield of marketable products by 7.8–8.6 % for the weight loss of 2.7–3 %. Losses of soluble solids content were 1.3–1.9 %, titratable acids 24.6–44 %, ascorbic acid 18.3–19.8 %.
Key words: cherry fruits, soluble solids, titrated acids, ascorbic acid, storage, chitosan, salicylic acid.
Selection-valuable MS lines of sugar beet study and selection for trial hybrids
Authors: Dubchak О.
Published: July 2020

The aim of the researches was to study of elements of new MS lines of sugar beet efficiency from a collection of the varieties of Verhnyatska research selection station (VRSS). The materials were obtained on the recombination of foreign hybrids for intsuxt, purposeful analyzing crossings and reusable individual selections. We carried out the study of their genetic potential on the parameters of the basic selection valuable traits of "sterility" and "monogerm" as well as their economic valuable traits – "productivity", and "sugar content". On the basis man sterility (MS) of lines, the parent components of hybrids were created. The hybrids, received in wide ecological conditions, with the large spectrum pollinators have shown a high level heterozis. On the results of researches the estimation of hybrids is induced at participation, recombination MS of MS1 and MS2 lines. The line MS2 was the best behind on a parameter of sugar yield from a hectare (108.8 %) in comparison with a line MS1 (107.6–108.0 %). It is noted that the efficiency of trial hybrids of a sterile line – MS2 is closely dependent with pollinators. Such dependence was unequal in the same combination of MS of a line at test in different conditions with different pollinators. This dependence has specific features. Thus, in a combination with pollinators 1801 (Belotserkivska BRSS) the hybrids were differed considerably in sugar content – 98.9 %, at the productivity of 110.8 %. With the pollinators 1808 (Ivanivska RSS) sugar content was higher 102.1 % at the productivity of 106.9 %. Ii is proved that the efficiency of heterozis hybrids depends both on genetic potential of a maternal component, and on pathernal one. The study specifies efficiency and expediency of using geneplasm’s pollinators of a different origin in selection process. To create material with a rich source of various selection valuable traits used as donors, products foreign origin splitting is possible. Collection of selection materials of Verhnyachska RSS is added with new selection and economic valuable MS lines with high genetic potential.
Key words: sugar beet, recombination, monogerm, sterility, selection, hybrid, productivity, increased sugar.
SOILS OF WANGANUI DISTRICT
Authors: Ampbell J. D. Cowie I.B. C.
Published: July 2020

THE Wanganui district includes the counties of Wanganui, Waitotara, Waimarino and Rangitikei, and soil surveys embracing this area comprise : ( 1) The 4-inch to the mile survey of the North Island (Soil Bureau, 1954). (2) The sand country soil association survey, which mapped the sand country as far north as Whangaehu River (Cowie and Fitzgerald, in press). (3) A detailed survey of the soils of Flock House Farm of Instruction near Bulls (Cowie and Hall, 1965).
FURTHER ASPECTS OF SULPHUR NUTRITION OF LEGUMES
Authors: Ludecke T.E.
Published: July 2020

THE KEY to improving the native tussock grasslands of the South Island is to obtain good legume growth. In these areas, the main nutrient deficiencies which limit the growth of legumes are sulphur, phosphorus and molybdenum. Sulphur deficiencies are very widespread (Walker et al., 195.5; Lobb and Bennetts, 1958; McLeod, 1961).
MANAGEMENT OF TUSSOCK COUNTRY BEFORE AND AFTER OVERSOWING AND TOPDRESSING
Authors: Fitzharris M.J.
Published: July 2020

IN ITS UNIMPROVED STATE, tussock country is often poor and unproductive. Early development of this secondclass country was based on the plough and lime bag.
KAMUS DIGITAL TANAMAN OBAT MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA ROCCHIO BERBASIS MOBILE
Authors: Qur’ania Arie , - Triastinurmiatiningsih , Ikhbal Nazar Muhamad
Published: July 2020

Digital dictionaries have been widely used to facilitate word processing and word search through digital media such as mobile phones. Society generally knows the efficacy and how to mix medicinal plants from the experience of previous parents or through books and writings. Searching through books or writings requires a short time compared to searching through digital media, one of which is a digital dictionary. The research aims to create a digital dictionary of mobile-based medicinal plants which has a search facility based on the words entered, for example, the contents of the medicinal plants. The digital dictionary application of medicinal plants uses a search method with the Rocchio algorithm with relevance feedback techniques to check the proximity of the query to the average document relevant to the level of similarity calculation through the stages of tokenizing, filtering, stemming, and Term Weighting with a total data of 200 medicinal plants.
PENGARUH GENDER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII SMP DARUL ULUM 5 JOMBANG MATA PELAJARAN IPA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING
Authors: Nurul Lathifatul Hakimah  , Nur Kuswanti  , Andri Wahyu Wijayadi
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gender terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Darul Ulum 5 Jombang mata pelajaran IPA materi Pemanasan Global menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode true experimental design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Darul Ulum 5 Jombang pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A (putri) dan kelas VII B (putra) SMP Darul Ulum 5 Jombang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu metode tes, observasi dan angket. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar tes (posttest), lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan angket respon siswa. Hasil uji hioptesis menggunakan independent sample t-test dengan SPSS’25 menunjukkan bahwa posttest kelas putri dan putra diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 yang menunjukkan Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t tersebut terdapat pengaruh gender terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Darul Ulum 5 Jombang mata pelajaran IPA materi Pemanasan Global menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Hasil observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran kelas gender menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning materi Pemanasan Global kelas VII di SMP Darul Ulum 5 Jombang terlaksana dengan sangat baik, persentase nilai rata-rata keterlaksanaan pembelajaran pertemuan pertama kelas putri 98,5% dan terlaksana 97% pada kelas putra, sedangkan persentase pada pertemuan kedua dan ketiga kedua kelas gender sebesar 100%. Pembelajaran IPA materi Pemanasan Global dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning respon positif siswa kelas putri sebesar 89,2% dan 91,4% oleh kelas putra dengan kriteria sangat baik.

Kata Kunci: Gender, Hasil Belajar Siswa, Mata Pelajaran IPA, Discovery Learning.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA ANAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHE DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP LAYANAN PENGUASAAN KONTEN
Authors: Dyla Fajhriani. N  , Febriyeni Nasrul
Published: July 2020

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini merupakan salah satu bentuk pendidikan prasekolah yang bertujuan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani siswa diluar lingkungan keluarga sebelum memasuki pendidikan dasar. Adanya tuntutan Sekolah Dasar dan tidak diperbolehkannya siswa TK diajarkan membaca membuat khawatir beberapa orang tua yang menginginkan pendidikan terbaik untuk anaknya, mengenai hal tersebut lembaga bimbingan belajar Anak Hebat (AHE ) Cendekia Padang memberikan solusi masalah orang tua tersebut untuk keperluan pendidikan anaknya, lembaga ini memberikan bimbingan belajar membaca menggunakan metode Anak Hebat (AHE). AHE ini adalah metode membaca yang memberikan beberapa langkah efektif untuk membimbing anak dalam kegiatan belajar membaca dan mengaitkannya dengan layanan penguasaan konten. Layanan penguasaan konten ini bertujuan agar siswa mengembangkan diri berkenaan dengan sikap dan belajar yang baik dengan materi pelajaran yang sesuai dengan siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan membaca anak dengan menggunakan metode AHE dan implikasinya terhadap layanan penguasaan konten. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif  melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Responden sebanyak 10 orang anak. Adapun  hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan membaca anak dengan menggunakan metode AHE dan Implikasinya Terhadap Layanan Penguasaan Konten.

Kata Kunci: Kemampuan membaca, anak,  Metode AHE, Layanan penguasaan konten
Real-Time Detection of Strawberry Powdery Mildew Disease Using a Mobile Machine Vision System
Authors: Mahmud Md Sultan , Zaman Qamar U. , Esau Travis J. , Chang Young K. , Price G. W. , Prithiviraj Balakrishnan
Published: July 2020

Strawberry cropping system relies heavily on proper disease management to maintain high crop yield. Powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca macularis (Wall. Ex Fries) is one of the major leaf diseases in strawberry which can cause significant yield losses up to 70%. Field scouts manually walk beside strawberry fields and visually observe the plants to monitor for powdery mildew disease infection each week during summer months which is a laborious and time-consuming endeavor. The objective of this research was to increase the efficiency of field scouting by automatically detecting powdery mildew disease in strawberry fields by using a real-time machine vision system. A global positioning system, two cameras, a custom image processing program, and a ruggedized laptop computer were utilized for development of the disease detection system. The custom image processing program was developed using color co-occurrence matrix-based texture analysis along with artificial neural network technique to process and classify continuously acquired image data simultaneously. Three commercial strawberry field sites in central Nova Scotia were used to evaluate the performance of the developed system. A total of 36 strawberry rows (~1.06 ha) were tested within three fields and powdery mildew detected points were measured manually followed by automatic detection system. The manually detected points were compared with automatically detected points to ensure the accuracy of the developed system. Results of regression and scatter plots revealed that the system was able to detect disease having mean absolute error values of 4.00, 3.42, and 2.83 per row and root mean square error values of 4.12, 3.71, and 3.00 per row in field site-I, field site-II, and field site-III, respectively. The slight deviation in performance was likely caused by high wind speeds (>8 km h−1), leaf overlapping, leaf angle, and presence of spider mite disease during field testing.