bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic use of honey for skin wounds healing in Iraqi Awassi sheep
Authors: Alkhazraji Khalid I. , Al-Byatee Ahmed J. , Falih Anam B.
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of honey in the treatment of skin wounds in sheep. Twelve Awassi rams were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. A 5cm full-thickness skin wound was created on the right flank region of each animal. The wounds in first group were treated with honey single daily after operation until complete healing was occurred, while its in second group treated with sterile saline solution as control group. The results revealed the wound healing process in honey treated group occurred faster than the control group; the healing occurred in 14-15 days after wounding in first group, while in second group it was more than 4 weeks. Within the clinical follow up, no complications occurred in the first group, while the second group showed some complications such as infection and abscess formation. Histopathological examination showed formation of granulation tissue in honey treated group was faster than control group and the regular collagen fiber noticed at 15 days post treated with honey. The present study demonstrates that use of honey is useful for treatment and accelerates healing of full thickness wounds of skin in sheep.
In vitro antifungal activity of extracts of Anastatica Hierochuntica
Authors: Daoowd Wedad Salih
Published: August 2023

The antifungal activity of aqueous and organic(acetone and  methanol) leaf extracts of Anastatica hierochuntica was evaluated a gainst some common pathogenic fungi using the paper disc diffusion method .ALL  the extracts were active against the test organisms with the methanol extracts showing the highest activity against candida albicans (28 mm zone of inhibition ), Cryptococcus neoformans(24 mm zone of inhibition ) ,fusarium oxysporum and penicillium digitatam ( 18 mm zone of inhibition ), followed by the acetone extracts against penicillium digitatam ( 16 mm zone of inhibition ), at 250 mg /ml . the aqueous extracts demonstrated the lowest activity (8 mm zone of inhibition ),against penicillium digitatam and (6 mm zone of in hibition) against Aspergillus niger at 250 mg /ml .preliminary phytochemical studies revealed that the leaves contained Hydrocarbonate,  glocoberin ,Aminoacid ,glycoside ,Asteroids ,carbohydrate ,flavonoid (one structure: isovitexin and four structures flavonoloids, campferol ,Raminoglocozid ,Rutin ,Qurcetn ) ,Alkaloids, tannins.The activity of the extracts was stable at high temperatures  and at acidic PH ,but decreased at alkaline PH .the minimum Inhibitory concentration ( MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration ( MFC) of the extracts ranged between 12.5- 150 mg /ml .the plant contain chemicals substances that can be used in the formulation of very potent antifungal agents that can be used for the treatment of Mycotic infections.
Phytochemical characteristics of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves extracts
Authors: J. Al-Dawah Nadia K. , Ibrahim Suad L.
Published: August 2023

Evaluation of the phytochemicals date palm leaves ,  .which  have been shown the presence of many medical compound that are significant to the human health like  tannins , alkaloids , trepenoids , carbohydrate , phenols, amino acids and flavonoids  . So, the recent research activities are focused to assess natural sources date palm leaves antioxidants compounds .This is what explains the use of herbal drugs have gained importance in recent years which its  efficacy and cost effectiveness few  . Therefore, there is more growing trend in searching for antioxidants of natural origin.
The effects of garlic and nigella sativa on some biochemical and production characteristic in broiler chicken
Authors: Shamsa Mujeeb T. , Naqi Al-bayati Mohammad T. , Ibrhim Ibrheem A.
Published: August 2023

This experiment are accrued  to study effect of addition of garlic powder and nigella sativa of biochemical and production characteristic in broiler chicken , the group experimental roundly divided in to three groups as following group one control the second and third give 4% garlic powder and nigella sativa respectively in day 25 to 45 of experiment.The result show decreasing in significant concentration of mean of albumin , total protein  and glucose in broiler that feed on ration contain garlic powder and nigella sativa  in 4% in concentration  of significant (p<0.05) and non significant  changes in cholesterol concentration  mean and heart weight , as well as  nigella sativa group show  significant  decreases in live weight.    This experiment was shown decrease in feed conception in garlic group than black seeds group when compared with control group .
Detection of Bacterial and Fungal Contaminants of the Imported Semen Straws Used for Cows
Authors: Mahmood Majid Mohammed , Abdul-AL-Mounam Moutaz Abdul Wahid , Faraj Basil Razook
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted to detect the presence of bacterial and fungal contamination in imported semen straws used for Artificial Insemination (AI) in cows and antibiotic sensitivity test for those isolates. For this purpose, a total of 118 imported semen straws from local markets in Baghdad and some veterinarian clinics from December  2011 to February 2012 transported directly to the laboratories of Unit of Zoonotic Diseases (College of Veterinary Medicine / Baghdad University) frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196 ºC), the cultured on brain and heart broth and Sabouraud dextrose broth with routine biochemical tests, as well as antibiotic sensitivity test was done using 11 antibiotics. The results revealed isolation of Bacillus subtilis 34 isolates (28.81%), Staphylococcus aureus 27 (22.88%), and E. coli 13 (11.07%), also mixed infection was registered B. subtilis + S. aureus found in 9 straws (7.63%) and B. subtilis + E. coli in 3 straws (2.54%). The results of antibiotic sensitivity showed resistant strains of S. aureus against most antibiotics used, while B. subtilis and E. coli showed intermediate sensitivity to many antibiotics. In general, all isolates were sensitive to Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone. Fungal isolation showed Penicillium 16 isolates (13.65%), Aspergillus 7 isolates (5.93%), Alternaria 4 (3.39%), and Cladosporium only 2 isolates (1.69%). It could be concluded that there was a need to use a dose of Azithromycin to get rid of contamination and using of hygienic precautions in artificial insemination and using of disinfectants for sterilization of instruments and tools to avoid contamination.
Comparative Study of Bacteria and fungi air polluted Slaughterhouse of Al-Diwaniya City
Authors: Hashem Handool Al-Fattly Hams Hussein
Published: August 2023

This research was studied for the period between November 2012 – February 2013.  which included compared the numbers and species of bacteria and fungi found in the air inside and around the slaughterhouse. The results of statistical analysis show significant differences between the numbers of bacterial colonies isolate of air between inside and around the slaughterhouse during the months of study especially during the first month of the study and during the second month for the fungal colonies with no significant differences between the numbers of colonies isolate of air inside and outside the slaughterhouse . Study proved that total numbers in the air was about 196 bacterial colony and 22 fungal colony for environment inside slaughterhouse and 266 bacterial colony and 43 fungal colony for environment around the slaughterhouse. The results showed that eight types of a bacteria was isolated : Staphylococcus aureus, formed highest appearance frequency (16.68% )  in both inside and around the slaughterhouse, E.coli (16.64% ), Streptococcus pyogenes (9.69%) , Bacillus  subtilis(7.55%), Salmonella enterica (3.83%)  , Enterococcus faecalis(15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.09%)  , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.34%), and isolated and diagnosed five types of fungi from the air around the slaughterhouse which are:  Aspergillus flavus, Asper. niger, Mucor sp., Pencillium notatum, Pencillium sp., and four types of fungi inside slaughterhouse expect Asper. niger, and was the highest appearance and frequency of the fungi in the inside and around Pencillium notatum (26.25%). This evidence of air pollution, the  bacteria and fungi, have an important role both in spreading of diseases for humans and animals by the contamination of meat and in addition that are handled within the slaughterhouse and therefore dangerous to the health of the consumer to that air polluted in and around the slaughterhouse.
Serological study of sheep of coccidiosis in Al -muthana
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Mijbas
Published: August 2023

Study was conducted in the province of AL- Muthanna to investigate the parasite Eimeria that causes coccidia in sheep The study is the first study conducted in the province of AL- Muthanna, collected 180 samples from different areas in the province of AL- Muthanna included (AL-Samawa;AL- Rumaitha; research station and agricultural experiments and the massacre of AL-Samawah for the animals before slaughter) .  The results showed that the incidence of the overall study areas were (67.5%), the highest infection appeared in the AL-Warka (42.6%) and lowest in the research station and farm trials (11.11%), while the incidence in AL-Rumaitha (29.7%) and in AL-Samawah (16.7 %), the results showed during the months of the year that the highest proportion of infection was in the month of February(46.3%) and lower than in January (33.4%) and lower proportion of infection in March and December, respectively (12.97%), (7.4%). The results of the study and a significant effect for the lifetime of sheep on the incidence of the parasite at a level (P <0.05) as the highest infection rate at the age group (7 months and below) and by (66.67%) than it is in the age group (greater than 7 months) as it was (33.33%). The results also show there is no significant difference at the level of probability (P <0.05) between the incidence of males, which amounted to (48.16%) and females that were (48.14%), although there are differences calculation. The clinical signs represented in sheep infected with diarrhea chartreuse mixed blood ,smelly  and sometimes contain clues mucosa, has appeared on the infected animal anorexia and general weakness also appeared on some dehydration, disarmament wool and roughness texture, and marked weight loss, but  pathological changes were in  intestine of infected sheep were congested with a white nodular lesions on the mucosal surface of the intestines were scattered on the mucous layer lining the ileal, and fasting and cecum.
Molecular Detection of AmpC Family Genes Encoding Antibiotic Resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Najaf Hospitals
Authors: Ali AL-karawyi Abeer Mohammed , AL-Jubouri Salman Aziz , K. Alasadiy Yassir D.
Published: August 2023

One hundred and thirty significant bacteriuria were detected. The study showed higher incidence of UTI in females (73.08%) than males (26.9%). The E. coli isolates which grown on  culture of all the 130 urine samples with significant bacteriauria were  60 ( 46.2 %) . The isolates which were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin 53(88.3%) . The ability of E. coli isolates to AmpC production were tested; the results have revealed that 23 (43.4%) isolates produce AmpC β-lactamase. PCR amplification results have shown that eighteen E. coli isolates possess AmpC β- lactamase gene. The results in this study showed 8 (44.4%) had blaFOX gene and 7(38.9%) had blaCIT while  5(27.8%) of E. coli isolates had blaDHA and 9(50%) had blaEBC gene.
Genotyping of Candida albicans Isolated from broilers by 25S rDNA Analysis
Authors: Kaab Hiader Tuma
Published: August 2023

Candida albicans one of the most fungi which isolated from clinical samples that cause many problems to humans, animals and birds. Candidiasis is an opportunistic endogenous mycosis in that perturbance of the microflora or other debilitation of the host.  So, this study come to focused on genotyping and antifungal susceptibility profile to Candida albicans isolated from broilers.Ten isolates of Candida albicans were obtained from crop of broilers, samples was collected from poultry diseases lab. in Najaf  veterinary hospital of different cases of enteritis broilers. All isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically by Hicandida identification kit and genotyped according to 25s rDNA of transposable intron I region of chromosome R.    The results  showed that all isolates belonged to the genotype A with amplification product (450 bp). Antifungal sensitivity profile by disc diffusion method showed no resistant to nystatin, ketoconazole and micanazole while three isolates (30%) showed resistant to fluconazole.
Histological study of ovary through last periods( Oryctolagus cuniculus) of pregnancy in domestic rabbit
Authors: Saleh Ahmed Mahdi
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work was to study the morphology of the ovaries of rabbit at last peroid pregnancy in order to understand the effect of pregnancy on the development of follicles. Twenty local breed pregnant does in estimated ages, five does prepared for every stage beginning from 22, 24, 26 and 30 days by which gestation occurred. Their ovaries were removed, fixed in 10% of formalin and routinely processed of histotechnique for histological studies. The observations of histological examination shown that the cortex was occupied with different types and various sizes of follicles, Corpora lutea were also observed in ovary at each stage of present study. These results show, and according statistical analyses of the numbers of primordial and primary follicles become decrease with  progressive of pregnancy. The diameter of primary follicles can be different according to the average diameter of the oocyte. The results showed that decrease rate of secondary follicles formation through all pregnancy stages of present work compare with the rate of primary follicles. The ratio of follicles growth to atresia folliclea in pregnancy is lower than that of the female at cycle stages. The morphometerical result showed that the increase in rate of the tertiary follicles in last day of gestation.
Pathological and molecular diagnosis of Brucella melitensis in the fetal and placental tissues of aborted ewes in Al-Najaf city
Authors: AL-tememy Hameed AbdulHussan , Al-jubort Kahalil Hassan , Abdulmajeed Ban Abbass
Published: August 2023

Brucellosis is one of the common bacterial zoonosis in the worldwide caused by organisms  belong to the  genus  Brucella, However, animal  Brucellosis is  a serious problem worldwide and is endemic  globally and  disease of  sexually matured animals and commonly transmitted to other animals by direct or indirect contact with infected animals or discharges such as: aborted fetuses, placental membranes or fluids. Fifty samples from internal organ of aborted fetus and the same number of aborted placenta were collected from aborted ewes positive to Rose Bengal test. For isolation and identification of Brucella from placenta and stomach contents , the standard procedures (Alton et al., 1988) were followed. The isolates were further confirmed by molecular techniques. The results showed that Br.melitensis was isolated from all animals that expressed Rose Bengal and serum agglutination test positive .The agglutination with monospecific A and M antisera were performed and these test revealed that the bacterial isolates expressed three Biovar as following ,Biovar 1(M,50%),Biovar 2 (A,26%) and Biovar 3 (0,24%). The number of this Biovar were varied according to collect area of the samples, high percentage (44%) was seen in the ALmanitherh ,,followed by AL Shabeka (30%) and AL Kuzweenah (26%)     The results of PCR assay explained that 22 bacterial isolates showed a single amplified DNA product (44%) ,two bands at the level of 273 and 680 bp were seen in 8 isolates (16% ) and four bands at 273,680,750 and 850 bp were reported in 20 isolates(40%).
Prevalence of Hydatidosis among slaughtered ruminants in Al-Najaf slaughter house, Al-Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Khaleel Khaleel Zainel , Hatem Abdulameer A.
Published: August 2023

A study survey was carried out  in Al-Najaf slaughterhouse to show the prevalence of  hydatid  cysts among the slaughtered animals during the period  from 1/1/2011 to 30/12/2011, the slaughtered animals were local breeds ,both sexs ( male & femal) , different ages and from different region in Al-Najaf governorate. To detect the lesions of hydatid  cysts we followed gross examination by naked eye and palpation with hands . The study sample include(47849 sheep, 30684  goats,18911 cattle ,).The  morbidity of  hydatidosis was 0.71 % (696 animal from 97444) among the whole slaughtered animals ,with a value of 1.07 % in cattle , 0.53 % in sheep  , 0.77 % in goat . the highest infection rate in cattle, and  goat was in spring (2.05 % ,1.24%) respectively . while in sheep was in summer (0.62%).  The study also show that highest infection rate of cattle, sheep and goat with  hydatidosis was in May (3.41 %, 1.32%, 1.86%) respectively . The  morbidity of  liver cyst was 8.331%  ,as the follow  (8.35% in cattle, 8.32% in sheep and 8.31%  in  goats) , while the lung cyst was 7.831% as the follow (7.658 % in cattle,7.528 % in sheep and 8.307 %  in  goats).
Stability of Resistance Induced by Escherichia coli in Comparison with That Carried by Clinical Isolates In Vivo
Authors: Kareem Al-Saedi Sajaa R. , Al-Khayyat Ali A.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the stability in experimentally induced resistance in sensitive Escherichia coli for  comparison with clinical resistant strains of the same microorganism so the first step was collected of 14 strains of E.coli from different disease cases: diarrhea (children= 6, calve= 3, poultry= 1), UTI (urine= 2), mastitis (milk= 2). And identificated these strains by using biochemical tests.These strains were divided to sensitive and resistant strains to cefquinome (β-lactam antibacterial) according to the results of sensitivity test (Agar well diffusion method). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by tube dilution method (TDM) was estimated to 8 selected strains (4 sensitive and 4 resistance) for comparison. The MIC values for sensitive strains were 0.007, 0.003, 0.017 and 0.005 µg/ml, for resistant strains were 372, 400, 42 and 25 µg /ml for cefquinome respectively. The second step was to induce resistance to sensitive strains  in vitro by exposing the microorganisms to sub inhibitory concentration (1/4 MIC) of antibacterial for 14 passages through which the bacteria was reidentified by using a differential media to exclude any contamination.The new MIC values were 1.25, 0.8, 2.0 and 1.5 µg/ml for cefquinome respectively. The comparison method was employed to study the degree of stability of resistance in sensitive and resistant strains against this drug are in vivo by multiple injections (three times) of standard suspension test microorganisms in mice followed by reisolation and reidentification from liver. The mean of drop MIC value for sensitive strainswas 10.34 folds, and for resistant strains was increase in1.40folds for cefquinome, which represent statistically significant a drop in the values of MIC for sensitive strains but in   the resistant  strains  not significant because a slight elevation in the values of MIC.
Giardiasis in local breed queen : A case report
Authors: Al-Rammahi Hayder M. , Kashash Kasim H.
Published: August 2023

A case was a local breed queen  3 years old ,with history of parturition since 4 days and  suffering from mild diarrhea with steatorrhea. The cat was examined clinically and the feces was examined by both direct and concentrated method. The clinical examination reveal that all vital sings were within normal values. There were no any trophozoites detected in both direct and flotation methods . despite , just one cyst was detected in direct smear there were numerous cysts were demonstrated in centrifugal flotation method by magnesium sulfate with 1.20 specific gravity.
Toxicopathological and biochemical effects of Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 with residual accumulation in Liver of mice
Authors: Arrak Jawad K. , Jwad Bassim M. , Mohammed Suad Abadul-Kareem
Published: August 2023

Objective :-  The aims of the present study are to determine the toxicopathological and pathophysiological effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), with measurement residual quantity of CCl4 in liver tissue by (HSGC) method.    Methodology :- 40 Swiss strain white mice were used, average weigh about 30 –32 g , divided into three groups, the T1 and T2 group were administrated with (100 and 200 mg/kg/body weight CCl4 respectively , given via intraperitoneal injection two does weekly for 40 day). While the 3rd group served as control. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed, blood were collected at 20 and 40 days of treatment period for biochemical test  and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported, liver section was taken for pathophysiological examination, also for measurement residual accumulated in tissue by Head-Space Gas Chromatographic analysis (HSGC) method.    Results :- All results showed that CCl4 caused significant increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity. Histopathological picture of liver, showed damage of liver parenchyma, disappear arrangements of hepatocyte, loss of hepatic cord, with congestion and dilatation of blood vessel also coagulative necrosis and apoptotic cells. Infiltration of inflammatory cells (macrophages &lymphocyte). Also high quantity from CCl4 was residual in hepatic tissue.    Conclusion :- The present study investigated that the CCl4 affected on the liver tissue, and causes histopathological lesion with elevation of liver enzymes specially ALT& AST , with accumulative effect in liver tissue after measurement by GC system. And the degree of influence depended on the concentration of the toxic dose .
Effect of the probiotics , vitamins A and E on growth performance and some blood parameters in broiler chickens
Authors: M. Al-Bdeery A. G.
Published: August 2023

This study was carried out to know the effect of adding the Iraqi probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacilli spp , Bacillus subtilus , Saccharomyces cervisa) , vitamins A and E to diet on some productive features  and blood parameters of Ross broiler, An experiment of 42 days duration was conducted with a flock of 200 chick one day-old , The chicks were distributed randomly into four equal treatments (50) chicks per each treatment with two replicates (25) chicks per each as follow :
T1 : Control group fed on basal diet only .T2: Fed on basal diet +  probiotic (5 gm/ kg feed) .T3: Fed on basal diet + vitamin A (12000 IU /kg feed ) + vitamin E (300 mg/kg feed ) .T4: Fed on basal diet + probiotic (5 gm/ kg feed)  + vitamin A (12000 IU /kg feed ) + vitamin E (300 mg/kg feed ) .
    The results were showed a significant improvement in averages of body weight , weight gain and  feed conversion  efficiency for  the treatments : probiotic , vitamins A and E  and the mixture (probiotic + vitamins A and E) comparative with the control , The  results of weights (carcass , liver and gizzard ) showed significant increased for  treatments of T2 , T3 and T4 comparative with the control , no significant  difference were found among four treatments in weights of the heart , in addition there were no difference among(T2 , T3 and T4 ) in dressing percentage  and mortality , the results showed a calculation  increase  for these treatments  in the dressing percentage and a calculation decrease  in  the mortality percentage comparative with  the control , were for  treatments ( T2 , T3 and T4 )  impact in improving rates of RBC , PCV and Hb    significantly or  calculation comparative with the control , not differ of these three treatments in the rates of RBC and PCV, while  T4  were gave  a significant increase in blood haemoglobin concentration from  T2 and T3 that did not appear significant difference between them .
The Clinical and Hematological changes in rabbits exposed to leaves of Urtica dioica under experimental conditions
Authors: Al-Khafaji Nazar Jabbar , Al – Zubaedi Raad Mahmood
Published: August 2023

The study  was conducted on 20 female local breed rabbits , of 1-2 years age , of 1- 2 kg body weight . In first part of the study  , 10 animals were randomly  divided into two groups of 5 each. The first group was exposed to leaves of Urtica dioica  in green phase at a dose rate of 50 grams / kg b.w daily for 10 days  , while those of the second group left without exposure as a control group . In the second part of the study ,  animals of the first group exposed to leaves in dry phase , at a dose rate of 5 g/kg b.w. daily for three weeks, as a powder mixed with the concentrated food.  While those of the second group left as a control group without exposure. The  main dependent parameters in the study  were ,clinical parameters ( body temperature , heart beat , respiratory rate, body weight , in addition to monitor  any abnormal signs appear  on the animals) . The  main hematological  parameters which depended in the study were included , RBC count , WBC count , Hb concentration   , PCV percentage  , Red cell indices , Bleeding time and Clotting time  .     The results of the study revealed the following : In first part  clinically  ;  some rabbits showed  strong heart beat , in other heart beat decreased ; respiratory  rate  decreased with noisy vesicular murmurs were heard  . Body weight and body temperature were decreased. In the fourth day post exposure to plant one rabbit  showed softy feces . In the 16th day post exposure one animal died ,  followed  by another on in 18th day of the experiment  . The post mortem findings were pale mucous membranes  , stomach impacted with food with ulceration of mucus membranes . severe congestion of liver and gastrointestinal tract . sever swelling of kidney , urinary bladder filled with  urine of dark yellow color .Hematologically clotting time prolonged , with decrease PCV , and White blood cells counts ; while  Hb concentration did not showed any changes      In second part: Heart beats , respiratory rates and body temperature  were increased , while body weight decreased . Prolongation of clotting and bleeding  time .The hematological pictures revealed that , Hemoglobin level and PCV values  were decreased .The total erythrocyte count did not showed any significant changes during the study . The mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin ,the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased .The total leucocytes count ,the percentage of heterophils, and  monocytes percentage were increase.  The lymphocytic and, esinophils percentage were significantly decreased .The basophiles values did not showed any significant changes during the study.
Effect of prostaglandin F2α &oxyotocin on semen charistrics of alawassi ram
Authors: Shoaibeth Abdul Hussein Thyab , Jassim Al-Dulamy Dhia Hussain
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / University of Qadisiyah five Awassi Rams converged for the purpose of reconstruction see the effect of injection hormone prostaglandin F2α  and oxytocin in semen recipes for Awassisheep. The current study included 5 Awassi Rams semen collection using artificial vagina injected Group prostaglandin F2α  and the oxytocin (0.5 mg / 50 kg of body weight prostaglandin F2α  ) (10 IU oxytocin).    And has been collecting semen from animals study by F in every two weeks for a ten week (ie three collections, first before injecting the hormone (T1), and the second half an hour after injection (T2) and third two weeks after the injection T6-T5-T4-T3) T7-) has been analyzing samples that have been collected in the laboratory, showed the results of the study on the mixing prostaglandin F2α  hormone oxytocin latest effects highly significant (P <0.05) in the concentration of sperm and semen volume with low percentage of abnormalities of sperm and increase the vitality of sperm than shown by the injection of any of hormones alone.
Study of some characteristics standard and Physiological features to the testis and epididymis on one Humped Camel (Camelus Dromedarius)
Authors: Murwah Emad Hamza , Jassim Al-Dulamy Dhia Hussain
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted on(96 samples) of genital organs (testes and epididymis) as well as blood of male mature camels (5-6 years) after the confirmation of their health before and after slaughter, and to make sure from their ages by the dential  equation,these sample were collected from abbatoris of  AL-Najaf, Afak and Diwaniya) for the full year  with (8 samples) per- month for the purpose of determination  parameters  anatomical  parameters  for some of the genital system of the testes and epididymis  ,physiological parameter (hormonal), the study anatomical results biggest weight, length, width and circumference of the testis and the weight and length of the epididymis , mis recorded in winter significally(p <0.05),   which reached(90.041 ± 0.613, 103.904 ± 0.633, 50.541 ± 1.957, 256.812 ± 0.615, 40.500 ± 0.288, 109±0.7), respectively, while less weight, length, width, circumference, weight and length of of the testis and  weight length of the epididymis which recorded in the summer significally (p <0.05)and reached (85.666 ± 0.441, 92 ± 0.357,, 40.583 ± 0.220, 242.266 ± 0.15, 35.083 ± 0.083, 94.34 ± 0.45) respectively.    The results of  physiological and features related with hormonal  the measurements  that Folicul stimulate hormone (FSH) and lutyal  hormone(LH) and (Testosterone hormone) have recorded the highest concentration in the winter and the level of significance( p<0.05) and recorded (5.128 ± 0.455, 2.770 ± 0.3184, 10 ± 1), respectively, while the lowest levels were recorded in summer with level of significance( p<0.05) and recorded(1.633 ±0.130 IU,2.145 ± 0.13 IU, 3.5 ± 0.091 ng/ml)  while prolactin  hormone  has  recorded  lowest  level of significance (p <0.05) in the winter  and the highest level in the summer which recorded (102.2 ± 8.405 IU ,244 ± 24.463 IU)respectively.
Antibacterial activity of Phoenix dactylifera L. leaf extracts against several isolates of bacteria
Authors: Abdul Maged Nuha Qays , Abbas Nadheema Abed
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research is to find a natural chemical compounds alternative available and free of side effects and high-impact effective against many bacterial species. The crude ethanol extracts of Phoenix dactylifera leaves were tested for antibacterial action against bacterial isolates, the ethanol extracts showed good antibacterial activity against all isolates  Enterobacter sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Protus sp.  bacterial isolates which had shown zone of inhibition against all plant extracts concentration with exceptions at 25 mg/ml concentration related with Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Protus sp., also the largest inhibition zone were revealed at 100 mg/ml concentration especially with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae  isolate while Salmonella sp. isolate exhibited the smallest inhibition zone  under  50mg/ml concentration.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern and RAPD profile of Salmonella Ohio isolated from broiler farms in Al-Najaf and Al-Muthana provinces
Authors: Mansour Abdullah O. , Al-Jbouri Salman Aziz , Oooo Hayder Mansour
Published: August 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and resistance patterns of S. Ohio isolates. All the Ohio isolates were resistant to more than three of the antibiotics, upto 10 antimicrobial agents. Overall, the highest proportions were found for resistance to the following agents: Tetracycline (100%), Nalidixic acid (94.7%), Doxycycline (94.7%), low level resistance to Ciprofloxacin  (89.4%),Kanamycin (84.2%), Sulphafurazole (78.9%), and Co-Trimoxazole(52.6%).A total of 11 (DI = 0.958) antimicrobial  resistance patterns were observed among 19 isolates of S. Ohio, with a MAR index value ranged between 0.2 to 0.43. The frequency of resistance to Te/Cip/Na/Dox was found in 17 (90%) of the 19 MDR S. Ohio isolates. Genotyping of S. Ohio isolates using 10-mer arbitrary primer, p1254 revealed five RAPD types, denoted by English letters from A to E yielding DI of 0.53, whereas RAPD analysis with primer OPA-4 discriminated only four patterns which assigned F to I (figure), yielding DI of 0.44. When the results of RAPD (with two primers) and antibiotic susceptibility tests are combined, 19 isolates of S. Ohio could be divided into 12 different profiles (DI=0.97). The finding of this study indicated that the broiler chicken can serve as a zoonotic reservoir of MDR bacteria which can be transmitted to human. This is an important implication for human health, because infections with MDR bacteria are difficult to treat and often requires expensive and long term therapy. The RAPD technique can be a useful tool for the analysis of S. Ohio strains. The method might be used as easy, faster, and cost-effective tool for molecular epidemiology research in each laboratory.
Effect of alcoholic extracts ( Cuminum cyminum,Thymus vulgaris and Menthe pulegium) and tri mixed and di mixed extracts on enterobactericea (E. coli , Brucella abortus, Salmonella entridius) growth in vitro
Authors: Saleh Al-hisnawy Zeena Fouad
Published: August 2023

The present study aimed to determine the effect of alcoholic extracts of ( Cuminum cyminum,Thymus vulgaris and Menthe pulegium) activity against some of enterobactericea of gram negative stain  (E. coli , Brucella  abortus Salmonella entridius) ,at a varying concentration of 10 mg/ml by using agar well diffusion methods.                                                 Different chemical detection methods indicate that Cuminum cyminum contained Flavonoids, Thumus vulgaris contained Reins and Saponins while Menthe pulegium contained Flavonoids.                                                                           The result showed that Brucella  abortus more sensitive for antimicrobial activity alcoholic extract of  Menthe pulegium and equal to tri mixed alcoholic extracts and di mixed, one of( Cuminum cyminum and Menthe pulegium), Cuminum cyminum alcoholic extract and  Thymus vulgaris alcoholic extract that showed zone inhibitions of (38.66, 26.66 , 24, 19.33, 8.66) mm respectively.                                                            E. coli was found to be sensitive for di mixed alcoholic extract of (Menthe pulegium and Thumus vulgaris) rcoreded zone inhibition 26.66mm although sensitive from di mixed of (Cuminum cyminum and  Thumus vulgaris) alcoholic extract by zone inhibition 17.33mm while Cuminum cyminum alcoholic extract showed zone inhibition of 9.33mm.    Bacteria Salmonella entritidis was found only sensitive for di mixed of (Cuminum cyminum and  Thumus vulgaris) alcoholic extract recorded zone inhibition 16.66mm.
Grossly and Microscopic Study of the Primary Bronchi and Lungs of Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus)
Authors: Wally Alumeri Saffia Kareem , Murad Al-Mamoori Nabeel Abd , Hadi Al-Bishtue Abdulla aid
Published: August 2023

The present study included ten specimens of adult pigeon wood (Columba palumbus) collected from market of Al-Diwanyia city, divided the specimens into two groups five specimens for grossly study and five specimens for histological study. Opened the birds and extracted the right and left bronchi and left and right lungs for the purpose of grossly and histological studies. The study included grossly study for external bronchi. The total length of left bronchi was ( 0.7 ± 0.1 cm ) and right bronchi was ( 0.65 ± 0.05 cm ) and the basic structure of bronchi was the cartilage has – C – shape, also determine relationship bronchi  with the neighboring organs. The grossly study involved the lungs right and left, it is found that the lung has two surfaces ( Costal and Visceral )  and two ends ( Distal and Proximal ) also detected  relation to organs nearby, found that the average length of the right lung was ( 2.8 ± 0 cm ) while left lung was ( 2.75 ± 0.05 cm )  and  average width of right lung was ( 2.45 ± 0.65 cm ) while the left lung was ( 2.7 ± 0.7 cm ). The histological study involves the histological description of external and internal bronchi of the left and right  lungs.
Effect of usage camel milk on some physiological and immunological parameters in rabbits treated with indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal ulcer
Authors: Abed H. R. , Taher K. N.
Published: August 2023

The present study was undertaken in Najaf province during aperiod from 18/11/2012 to 22/12/2012. To find the effect of orally gavage of raw camel milk on some physiological and immunological parameters in femal rabbits treated with indomethacin drug .   Atotal of 32 femal rabbits(local breed) aged ranged between 2-3 months with an average intial body weight 1410.623 gm were used in this study. The animals were divided randomly into four equal groups (8) rabbits of each group as follow:--       Control group C .-       First treatment group T1 :-  Received orally 5ml/day of raw camel milk.-       Second treatment group T2 :- Received orally 20mg/kg b.w of indomethacin drug, one dose/day.-       Third treatment group T3 :- Received orally 5ml/day camel milk and 20mg/kg b.w indomethacin drug, one dose/day.The results of study showed the T2 demonstrated a significant reduction ( P< 0.05) in white blood cell mean as compared to the T1 while don’t  show a significant diffirent as compared to control and third treatments . And the same treatment T2 has been shown a significant reduction(P< 0.05) in lymphocyte percentage , haemoglobin and packed cell volume as compared to other treatments.
Histopathological Changes in Testis after Partial Caput Epididymectomy of Teaser Rams
Authors: Ibrahiem Hussein Kareem , Rasheed Saif Sattar , Sewan Najla'a Awied
Published: August 2023

Three healthy adult local breed rams were subjected to partial caput epididymectomy to evaluate histopathological changes. The skin in caudal aspect of scrotal raphe pouch was transected longitudinally. The first testis was forced toward the other, the tunica vaginalis was incised at the upper of the epididymis body and a piece of one cm in length was removed from it with ligation. The same procedure was repeated for the other testis. Time of sexual desire was significantly longer (p<0.05) after one and two weeks of the operation than three and four weeks for control, while it was longest after one weeks among all other periods. Sperm concentration was significantly lower (p<0.05) after 2, 3 and 4 weeks than the first week for control, while it was significantly lower after first week than control. The histopathological changes in testicular tissue were evaluated after one, three and six months of the operation. The results revealed thickening of the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules and degeneration, necrosis of spermatogonia and sertoli cells. Some seminiferous tubules appeared only with covering basement membrane. The Leydig cells were proliferated at the first period, while there was decrease in their number at the last period.
Effect the addition of Anis seed(Pimpinella anisum L.) powder on production performance and some blood and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens
Authors: AL-Zuhairi Zahira A. , AL-Tabari Afrah S.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted at commercial farm for broiler which is located in Diwaniya city,from 1/4/2013 to 20/5/2013 to estimate the effect supplementation of two concentration of Anis seeds powder to feed  on production performance and some blood traits and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by using (150) broiler chicken (Hubbard) at one day old which have been randomly distributed to three treatments by two replication per treatment(25 chicks per replication),this chicks divided into  the following:    T1:representing controle group eating the basal feed without addition of Anis seeds, While T2  representing the group which eating the basal feed plus 50 mg/kg of Anis seeds powder  to feed along the period of experiment and T3 representing the group which eating the basal feed plus 150 mg/kg of Anis seeds powder  to feed  along the period of experiment.The results  were revealed that Anis seeds powder supplementation to the feed in the (T2,T3) showed high significant increase( p<0.05) in body weight,gain weight,feed intake,dressing percentage compared with control treatment and significant decreasing( p<0.05) in mortality rate in T3 compared with control group.The addition of Anis seed powder lead to high significant increasing (p<0.05)in Hb concentration and packed cell volume %,total protein,albumin,globulin in treatment groups compared with control group.
Study of cellular immune responses to the Internalin B protein extracted from Listeria monocytogenes in Mice
Authors: Essa Haidar Hussein , Mahdi Nidhal Raoof , Abdalla Asmaa Hamoody
Published: August 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the immunological activity of internalin B (InLB) protein which extracted from the cell wall of Listeria monocytogenes. Immunological activity was determined in vitro by the phagocytic activity assay and in vivo by bacterial clearance test in ninety six male white Swiss BALB/C mice were divided into five equal groups, G1 intrapertonailly injected with 0.5ml of InLB 50µg/ml;G2 intrapertonailly injected with 0.5ml of InLB 50µg/ml and inoculated with 1.2×103CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes.; G3 intrapertonailly injected with 0.5ml of InLB 50µg/ml followed by L. monocytogenes 24 hours later; G4 intrapertonailly injected with1.2×103CFU/ml L. monocytogenes a positive control; G5 intrapertonailly injected with 0.5ml of PBS a negative control, The results of the in vitro study showed the InLB at 50µg/ml induce the phagocytic activity by increase the Nitric oxide (NO) production as compared with Phytohemagglutinin-p (PHA); the results of the in vivo study was carried for 2weeks; at 4,8and 12days bacterial clearance assay; tissue of the internal organs (liver) of the G3 showed decrease in number of the bacteria at 12days (6×10-2 CFU) as compared to G2 and G4 (2×10-3CFU and 1.8×10-4CFU) respectively.The result presented in this study contribute for the first time in Iraq; that internalin B given intrapertonailly injection in mice for 12 days improves the immune responses by decreasing the bacterial number in liver tissue.
Detection of Cattle Foot and Mouth disease Virus by RT-PCR and ELISA
Authors: Al-Rodhan Adnan M. Al-Rodhan
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted with73 cattle in different region of Basrah governorate with typical clinical symptoms of  FMD from April to July 2013 in Basrah,Iraq.Blood ,saliva and vesicle fluid from the affected animals were collected and tested by ELISA and RT-PCR.Collected sera were tested for antibodies against FMDV using a commercialELISA. Antibodies to FMDV were detected at an overall prevalence rateof 94.5 %. There was no significant seropositivity  ratio variation in relation to sex and age.RT-PCR base detection of FMDV for primary and serotype specific diagnosis was done with( universal primer sets 1F / 1R, A- 1C612 and O- ARS4 ) with expected band of(328 ,865 and1301 bp respectively). Universal primer pair 1F/1R detected FMD in 55 out of 73(75.3%), of these 37 (92.5%) Females and 18 (62.1%) males samples, with high significantstatisticaldifference (p<0.01)between males and females in the PCR  positivity ratio and there was no positivesamples of FMDV Universal primer in suspect seropositive  cases .The tested  samples with positive universal primer  were amplified with  specific primers  A-IC612 in 15( 27.3%) and nil for serotypeO- ARS4.,. The circulation of Serotype A was higher in the males compared to the females with a ratio of 33.3% (6/18)  but this differencewas not statisticaly significant( p > 0.05) .The statistical analysis showed  high significant differences (P>0.01) between animals that tested for Universal primer in relation to age. Out of all animals that tested positive for Universal primer the age group<1-4 year realized a ratio of 58.6 %while ratio of age  group >4-8 year was 95%. Serotype A circulation  was not significantly differed (P>0.05) between the tested animals in relation to age with overall ratio 27.3% (15/55) and higher ratio  (31.6%, 12/38) was observed  in the older animals compare  with (17.7%, 3/17)  in younger.
Histological changes of kidney and Salt glands in response to over load salty water in Mallard Ducks (Anas playhrnchos)
Authors: Reshag , A.F , Dhyaa , Ab. Abood , Maysoon , A. Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Present study were carried out on Fifteen adults of the fresh water Mallared ducks, divided into three groups for determinate the histological adaptation of kidneys in absence of salt glands. The results were showed that, the kidneys of birds in group 3were increased in the size (52±0.8cm) in compared to those of control group (40±0.3cm). Histologically, showed marked congestion in renal tubules, glomerular congestion, and thickening of bowman capsule.Thelining cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules showed enlarged acidophilic cytoplasm and their nuclei were heterochromic. The collecting tubules were lined with low cuboidal cells, most of them showed degeneration, and increased in their acidic mucussecretion. In group 2, the size of kidneys was (42±0.2cm) and in control group was (40±0.1cm), the histological results in this group appeared as that of control group. The salt glands of birds in group 2 showed enlargement of theseglands, each gland consisted of an array of secretory lobules surrounded by vascular capsule. Each lobe was made up of branched secretory tubules radiate from central canal. The secretory tubule lined with simple cuboidal epithelium. The secretory tubules and central canals drain in a main duct. These histological structures showed mild congestion in blood capillaries. The secretory units at the periphery of glandular lobules appeared hypertrophied.Hematological results showed significant increase in levels of the blood urea in birds of group three (24.7± 0.5 mg/dl), while the results of birds in groups two and control were 17.9±0.4 mg/dl and 16.12±0.2 mg/dl respectively. The present study concluded that, the salt glands in marine bird will be rest and non-functional in bird that watered on fresh water and be activated in salt water intake and the kidney can’t play a role of salt gland instead of itsabsence.
Cow, Sheep and Goat Hematological Parameters: Comparative Studies Between Automated Analyzer and Manual Methods
Authors: Ibrhim Ibraheem E.
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to compare the values of some hematological parameters in some farm animals estimated by Automated Analyzer and Manual method estimation. The blood samples were collected randomly from five animals from each of the following species; cow, sheep and goat (5 sample for each). The blood samples were divided into two parts, the first were used for manual estimation and the second was analyzed by automated hematology analyzer.. The blood profile showed no significant variation ( p; < 0.05) in White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood cells (RBC) between all animals groups. The results of this study showed significant differences that revealed decreased in the Hemoglobin (HB) (20 g/dl) and (20.5g/dl) in cow and sheep respectively and increased of Package Cell Volume(PCV)  (33.33%) . However, goat revealed significant increase in Package Cell Volume  and Hemoglobin (6.04%and 21g/dl).