bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Reforms and the State of Competition in Public Procurement in the Philippines
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Navarro Adoracion
Published: August 2024

In the literature on Philippine public procurement, knowledge gaps exist in terms of coverage of the period of reform implementation and the scope of reform application. This study helps close these gaps by analyzing Philippine public procurement history up to the years of application of the 2016 implementing rules and regulations of the General Procurement Act and using data for the usual three procurement categories: civil works, consulting services, and goods procurement. It also suggests a logit model of procurement specifically for the Philippines, given the available data in the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS). The study finds that persistent issues include delays in procurement, non-conformance with procedures, poor bid design and evaluation, weak capacity to implement procurement procedures, and corruption. It also describes new challenges, such as the use of digital payments and the promotion of innovations. Running the logit model using PhilGEPS data, the study finds a general tendency toward weaker competition despite the 2016 reforms. The study then offers recommendations to improve the PhilGEPS, minimize corruption, improve procurement capacity, and address emerging challenges. It also recommends future areas of research, namely, procurement policies outside the GPRA, bid rigging, red flags of corruption, and procurement of scientific, scholarly, or artistic work.
Mapping the Energy Sector Issues in the Philippines
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Navarro Adoracion , Camara Jethro El
Published: August 2024

Given the frequent observation that the Philippine energy sector is complex, this study provides a structured review of issues in the sector. The structured review method is usually employed to systematically introduce readers to the complexities of a broad topic, such as the convolutions of a problem, the intricacies of a theme or sector, or the conjectures of a new trend or technology. The study starts with a discussion of the physical flows of energy via a Sankey diagram of energy flows in the Philippines and then proceeds to describe the upstream oil, gas, and coal industry, the downstream oil industry, the renewable energy development industry, and the electric power industry. The discussion includes the market structure, regulatory framework, and issues in each industry. As the analysis shows, structuring the understanding of the energy sector by component industry is a useful approach to untangling the complexities of the sector. As part of the concluding remarks, the study claims that another useful approach is to look at problems in the energy sector, such as energy affordability, as cross-cutting concerns or cutting across several industries. All the issues identified in the study can be considered future research areas by public and private entities interested in Philippine energy sector research because all those issues are affecting the country’s energy security. Nevertheless, what may be considered as priority future research areas at present are energy affordability concerns and issues that can be addressed by amending the EPIRA.
Behind the Slow Start: An Assessment of Early Childhood Care and Development in the Philippines
Authors: Ulep Valerie Gilbert , Casas Lyle Daryll , Manuel Aaron Carlos , Mendoza John Paulo , Bagas Joy , Dela Luna Kim Leonard ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies,   Second Congressional Commission on Education
Published: August 2024

This report assesses the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) in the Philippines, aiming to support the Second Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM2) of the Philippine Congress with empirical evidence for programmatic and legislative reforms. Our assessment uses a comprehensive framework that analyzes the health, nutrition, and early education outcomes of Filipino children and examines their access to essential health, nutrition, and early education services. We analyze demand- and supply-side inputs such as governance, financing, infrastructure, and human resources to identify factors that explain the poor and inequitable access to these basic services. Throughout our analysis, we highlight key principles for optimizing ECCD returns: (1) timely provision of crucial interventions during critical life stages, (2) ensuring comprehensive access to essential services, and (3) upholding quality standards with far-reaching impacts on health, nutrition, and education outcomes.
An Assessment of the Enterprise-Based Training Modality in the Philippines: Barriers, Incentives, and Policy Gaps
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Generalao Ian Nicole , Lorenzo Pauline Joy , Eñate Chrislyn Joanna , Dumalaog Frances Camille , Ocbina John Joseph , Librero Kimberly , Orbeta Aniceto Jr. ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies,   Second Congressional Commission on Education
Published: August 2024

Demand-driven technical and vocational education and training (TVET) has been associated with positive economic outcomes for the trainees and the participating firms and enterprises. Despite these potential positive implications, numerous studies consistently show the limited involvement of the private sector in training provision and curriculum development in the Philippines. Thus, this study examines the enterprise-based training (EBT) modality in the country by identifying the barriers to entry of industries in co-developing and offering upskilling programs and by evaluating existing incentive mechanisms. A series of key informant interviews and site visits with various stakeholders were conducted to identify prevailing issues and challenges that firms and industries face. To better contextualize the EBT situation, these were complemented by a desk review of the literature and the policy and legal framework governing EBT and an analysis of recent data. This study uncovers the multidimensional and interconnected issues surrounding the alarmingly dismal contribution of EBT to training provision. This study finds clear evidence that despite the abundance of financial and non-financial incentives, existing mechanisms have not been effective in attracting private actors, including firms/enterprises and technical vocational institutions (TVIs), to implement EBT programs. Other factors include gaps in the definition, scope, and measure of EBT, limited capacity of implementers, unresponsiveness of training programs, and intersectoral and interagency coordination concerns. This study has three main contributions. First, the elaborate discussion of the various EBT programs and the associated incentives can facilitate a better understanding and deeper appreciation of EBT. Second, policymakers can learn from and adopt good practices on industry involvement in TVET highlighted throughout the study. Finally, policy recommendations are formulated and presented to address the identified barriers and disincentives, which have persistently discouraged industry involvement in skills development.
Modeling the contribution of district-level cotton production to aggregate cotton production in Punjab (Pakistan): an empirical evidence using correlated component regression approach
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Maqsood Muhammad Furqan , Cheema Ali Raza
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the relative importance of major cotton-producing districts with reference to their aggregate cotton production in Punjab using the time series data from 1982-2021. The empirical analysis is conducted with a correlated component regression approach, which is comparatively more suitable to multicollinear and high-dimensional data sets like those examined in this study.  The standardized regression coefficients' absolute value determines each district's rank and relative importance. The degree of geographic concentration of the district-level impact is examined by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The empirical analysis is analyzed for two-time windows. The first-time window includes crop years from 1982 to 2001, and the second window covers crop years from 2002 to 2021. The Findings of the study indicate that all the included districts had a positive and statistically significant impact on Punjab provincial aggregate cotton production in both the study periods, with the exception of districts Sargodha and Mianwali, which had a negative impact on Punjab-aggregate-cotton-production from 1982 to 2001. Furthermore, the estimated results of the correlated component regression show a decline in the degree of geographic concentration during 2002-2021, as indicated by a 36-point decrease in the value of standardized coefficient HHI. This indicates that technological advancements and policy factors have contributed to greater geographic variation in the relative importance of each district during 2002-2021 compared to 1982-2001. The cumulative sum of residuals (CUSUM) and cumulative sum of square residuals (CUSUMSQ) for both time periods show that the estimated parameters of the correlated component models are structurally stable.
Satisfaction Survey of a State University Among Its Clients
Authors: Sabuya Stanley , Perulino Jonah
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine the customer satisfaction of a state university in a highly urbanized city. Specifically, it aimed to answer the level of customer satisfaction when grouped according to tangible reliability, responsiveness, and empathy. When grouped according to age, sex, types of participants, and types of services availed. The research utilized the descriptive design. The study's participants were the local clients of a state university in a highly urbanized city. A researcher-made survey questionnaire was used to collect information, and the answers to these questions constitute the data and information collected from 384 participants. The researchers used stratified random sampling to identify 310 student clients and quota convenience sampling to identify 74 clients other than the students who had received services from the state university. The statistical tools used to treat and analyze the gathered data were the frequency count, mean, Kruskal Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U test. The study result showed that the customers were very satisfied with the state university’s services in terms of tangible, reliable, responsive, and empathetic services. Student customers were very satisfied with the BSMA, BSA, BSOA, AEP programs, and BSE and BSBA programs. Customers other than students like alumni, faculty, SK, and Barangay officials, as were the parents, were very satisfied. Age and sex do not influence customer satisfaction, while the type of participants and services availed influence customer satisfaction.
STAFF TRAINING ON THE SPECIALIZATION OF "SOCIAL WORK" IN AZERBAIJAN CURRENT PROBLEMS
Authors: Kamalov Kamal
Published: August 2024

Solving social problems and improving people's well-being in our republic, which gained independence at the end of the last century, were among the main conditions determining the future development of Azerbaijan. For this, first of all, there was a great need for new and skilled specialists who could deal with those problems. The initiation of personnel training in the field of social work in higher schools was intended to solve such problems. The refore, first of all, special attention should be paid to the organization of teaching in higher schools where these specialists are trained. Although some work has been done in this field in the past period, we cannot consider the experience gained as satisfactory. The article addresses such important issues and provides recommendations for both theoretical and practical solutions to problems that still exist.
Exploring the Infinite Regress of Defining Words: A Critical Analysis of Semantic Methodologies
Authors: Hajiyeva Bulbul
Published: August 2024

This article critically examines the concept of infinite regress in semantic methodologies and explores alternative approaches to understanding the meanings of words beyond traditional dictionary definitions. We delve into the strengths and limitations of dictionary-based semantics and contrast them with operational and contextual methodologies. Operational semantics, rooted in the works of P.W. Bridgman, and contextual approaches, which incorporate the influence of situational variables, offer more dynamic and adaptable frameworks for interpreting language. The implications of these methodologies for linguistic education and communication are thoroughly analyzed, highlighting the benefits of a more nuanced understanding of language in educational curricula and professional communication. This exploration advocates for a shift towards semantics that accommodate the fluid nature of language, encouraging a broader application of these theories in real-world settings.
The Structural and Functional Analysis of Cleft Sentences in English Linguistics.
Authors: Salmanova Shehla
Published: August 2024

Cleft sentences are essential syntactic constructions in English that emphasize specific elements by dividing a sentence into two clauses. This article explores their structural and functional aspects, demonstrating how cleft sentences enhance clarity, focus, and information structuring in various contexts, such as literature, journalism, and everyday conversation. The study also highlights the implications for teaching English as a second language and provides practical tips for learners. Through detailed examples and comparative analysis, this comprehensive examination underscores the importance of cleft sentences in effective communication.
MOTIVAÇÃO E APRENDIZAGEM NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: O IMPACTO DA AFETIVIDADE
Authors: de Araújo Anne Loize , Pinheiro Barbára , Marques Rebeca , Bezerra Gabrielle
Published: August 2024

To construct this article, a systematic review of research published between 2019 and 2023 was carried out, with the aim of analyzing and understanding the impact of affectivity on the teaching-learning process in higher education. Nine articles were analyzed, addressing different aspects of this topic, from the perspective of teachers and students. The application of theoretical references anchored to the concepts of the cognitive process on affectivity and motivation in the works of Piaget, Wallon and Vygotsky were essential for understanding the data obtained. The results highlight the influence of affectivity in the sphere of motivation and performance for academic success, highlighting the teacher as a motivating agent in learning. The need for teaching associated with the development of interpersonal relationships and the use of pedagogical strategies that promote a welcoming and stimulating environment is highlighted.
Towards a Successful Implementation of Online Learning in Algerian Higher Education: Readiness and Satisfaction as Key Tenets
Authors: GACEM Mama , SENOUCI Mayada
Published: August 2024

The widespread pandemic (the Coronavirus) forced educators worldwide to change their instructional methods away from the conventional modalities, which requires a switch from the well-established face-to-face modality to an online one. To this end, the purpose of this study is twofold: to discover what attitudes actors in the pedagogical sector hold towards the underlying dimensions of readiness and satisfaction, and to pinpoint the fruitful roadmap implementation of the new online learning protocols.  By exploring the readiness of students and the satisfaction of teachers, a holistic understanding of the factors that contribute to successful online education emerges. The findings of this research will offer valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders, helping to shape a more effective and equitable educational system for the future. To undertake this study, the researcher has opted for mixed-method research that manifests in interviews with teachers and academics and a questionnaire with students at Saida University (in Algeria). The obtained results showed that the study participants demonstrated positive attitudes and significant levels of readiness, willingness, and salient satisfaction toward online learning. Furthermore, this worthy transition is a golden opportunity to ingrain in the minds of practitioners that strategic decision-making, critical thinking, adaptability, and resilience are among the fundamental tenets that determine the nature and future of a new online learning era.
Exploring Algerian EFL University Instructors’ Understanding and Practices of Learning-Oriented Assessment
Authors: BOUDIBI Nor-el-Houda , BELEULMI Saliha
Published: August 2024

The quality of assessment practices in higher education profoundly influences students’ learning experiences and academic outcomes. A recent trend gaining popularity is Learning-Oriented Assessment, which tailors assessment practices to enhance student learning. This study explores Algerian EFL University teachers’ comprehension of Learning Oriented Assessment and the extent to which their practices align with it. Through an online mixed questionnaire administered to 56 EFL teachers from different Algerian universities including Batna 2 University, M’sila University, University of Constantine 1 and Eloued University, the research uncovered a range of assessment practices. While some educators embrace some principles of Learning Oriented Assessment, others adhere to conventional assessment methods. Teachers also reported significant factors influencing their assessment choices, including class size and resource constraints. Given the recent shifts, proficiency in contemporary assessment methodologies is imperative for effective teaching and learning. By exploring how EFL instructors in Algeria view assessment, their practices, and the challenges they face, this paper highlights the need for pedagogical innovation in assessment and its practical application in the context of higher education.
Narrative Collusion and Allegiance Justifying: A Cultural Critical Approach to The Dictator’s Last Night Novel by Yasmina Khadra
Authors: BOUDIAR Adel
Published: August 2024

Yasmina Khadra’s novels adeptly navigate complex themes such as terrorism and revolution, employing a gripping narrative style that skillfully constructs a purposeful, creative storyline. This narrative technique is designed to accentuate the emotional dynamics and psychological transformations experienced by all participants throughout the depicted events. Commonly, Khadra interweaves a romantic subplot within his narratives, artfully blending reality with fiction. His novel, The Dictator’s Last Night, vividly recounts the confrontation faced by Libyan Leader Muammar Gaddafi shortly before his demise. In this portrayal, Khadra draws a subtle yet profound parallel between revolution, portrayed as a fringe act of defiance, and authority, seen as a central, dominant force. This juxtaposition reveals Khadra’s critical stance on revolutions; he views them as inherently unnatural acts that disrupt the transcendent balance of established centrism, regardless of the justification provided by their leaders. By delving into the depths of Gaddafi’s ordeal and the dispositions of the rebels, Khadra exposes the complex layers of loyalty and violent opposition, illustrating how the revolution strayed from its noble intentions towards a path marred by gruesome vengeance and malevolent retribution.
Globalization, Mass Media, and the Social Changes of India
Authors: Sinha Subir
Published: August 2024

Globalization is now a universal term that is conventionally accepted throughout the globe. It tries to suggest a common global civilization and a unified world. Globalization spread its wings and touched almost every corner of the globe. However, in India, it has also shown its existence in various fields. The touch of globalization has a wide impact on Indian society and the mass media enhances the pace of the impact. Globalization brings a wide range of foreign cultures and mass media continuously propagates those cultures among the Indian society. After the amalgamation of the foreign cultures with the Indian one, social change are taking place and developing a hybrid culture. The article entitled ‘Globalization, Mass Media and the Social Changes of India’ makes a thorough analysis and shows how globalization with the help of mass media developed a hybrid culture and how hybrid cultures dominate the Indian social system.
الكلمات العربية في اللّغة التركية من خالل كتاب دراسة تطبيقية
Authors: عائشة جمعي , وهيبة بوشريط
Published: August 2024

يتناول المقال الكلمات العربية في اللّغة التّركية، من خلال المدونة المعتمدة في الدّراسة، وهو الكتاب الموجه لتعليم اللّغة التّركية للنّاطقين بغيرها، وعليه ستكون إشكالية البحث في حصر الكلمات التّركية، والتي أصلها عربي في كتاب تعليم اللّغة التّركية للنّاطقين بغيرها، والهدف منه بيان التّأثير والتّأثر بين اللّغتين، هذا من جهة، ومن جهة أخرى تشجيع متكلمي العربية على تعلّم اللّغة التّركية، واعتمدنا في ذلك المنهج الوصفي و الإحصائي، كما تتبعنا التّغييرات التي تطرأ على الكلمات العربية حين انتقالها إلى اللّغة التّركية، فوجدنا بعض الكلمات لا تتغير، وأخرى تتغير في المستوى الصّوتي، وبعضها يتغير دلاليا، وبعض الكلمات تتغير أحرفها وهكذا، كما وصفنا مدونة بحثنا، وقدّمنا قراءة سيميائية في واجهة الكتاب.كما قارنا بين الحرفين العربي والتّركي، وأحصينا حروف اللّغتين.
النصوص العربية المؤسسة للهندسة اللا إقليدية كتاب "تحرير أصول الهندسة والحساب" لإقليدس – أنموذجا-
Authors: بعيرة بعيرة
Published: August 2024

حظي علم الهندسة باهتمام العلماء المسلمين والعرب على اختلاف مشاربهم وتخصصاتهم، فكان الكندي أول فيلسوف للعرب يعتقد أن الإنسان لا يكون فيلسوفا من غير أن يلم بعلم الهندسة، ولهذا أوضح أن البراهين أساس الرياضيات وألف في الهندسة رسالة عن علم الهندسة الكروية، ففتح الباب واسعا للاهتمام بالهندسة حيث؛ ترجمت كتب إقليدس وتم تجاوز مضامينها المعرفية، من قبل العلماء المسلمين وعلى رأسهم نصير الدين الطوسي (1201-1274)م، مما جعل المؤرخون للعلوم الرياضية يعترفون بأنه يعتبر نقطة التحول في تطور علم الهندسة وظهور الهندسة اللا إقليدية الجديدة التي تلعب الآن دورا كبيرا في دراسة الفضاء الطبيعي، وتفسيرات النظرية النسبية الخاصة والعامة، وحتى نظرية الكوانتم.يهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن النصوص المكتوبة باللغة العربية، والتي حررها نصير الدين الطوسي، والتي ينتقد من خلالها المسلمة الخامسة لإقليدس، ويؤسس للهندسة اللا إقليدية، التي امتد تأثيرها إلى الرياضيات المعاصرة، كما يهدف إلى معرفة تأثير هذه النصوص في الإنجازات الجديدة في علم الهندسة والرياضيات والفيزياء.
Monster or Hero: A Post-Apocalyptic View in Richard Matheson’s I am Legend
Authors: MAAFA Sofiane
Published: August 2024

Human beings are surviving creatures. They will do whatever it takes to survive. However, as much as they are hell-bent on surviving, humans are also strangely fascinated with the concept of the apocalypse—that the world hosting us will one day cease to exist. This strange fascination with the apocalypse goes way back in history when ancient civilizations expressed their remarkable views regarding the apocalypse. People’s fascination with the apocalypse was also reflected in their literature. Taking Richard Matheson’s novel I am Legend as a scope of the study, this paper delves into the philosophical underpinning aspects of the post-apocalyptic genre. It analyses the author’s portrayal of the post-disaster world. Furthermore, it goes beyond I am Legend to explore the feasibility and the internal consistency of various post-apocalyptic scenarios in literature, prompting broader understanding and reflection on the anxieties and aspirations that fuel these narratives, examining themes of societal collapse, the fight for survival, the reconstruction of civilization, and the search for meaning in a devastated world. The present article aims to shed light on Matheson’s scenario on the apocalypse, which significantly draws the reader’s attention bearing in mind the COVID-19 scenario. So, to what extent does Matheson’s apocalyptic scenario relate to our world today?
القراءة التفاعلية على مواقع الويب كمظهر من مظاهر الانسانيات الرقمية نموذج موقع "أبجد" وموقع "رفِّي"
Authors: أحمد بن دحو
Published: August 2024

لم تعد القراءة كسابق عهدها في شكل علاقة ثنائية تربط القارئ بالكتاب لتعزله عن عالمه الخارجي، فمع التطور المتسارع وغزو التقنيات الرقمية لكل الميادين منها العلوم الإنسانية مُحدثةً ما اصطلح عليه بالانسانيات الرقمية، ما أدى لتغيير وظهرر عديد المصطلحات والمفاهيم منها القراءة التفاعلية التي تضع القارئ في عالم من التفاعل والتشاركية في الآراء والأفكار حول كتاب معين وإمكانية تشكيل مجتمعات افتراضية للقراءة في بيئة الإنترنت، مع وجود مواقع ويب تتيح إمكانية ممارسة القراءة التفاعلية أو بالأحرى تحويل المكتبات الرقمية إلى فضاء للتفاعل وتغيير أساليب القراءة وسلوك القارئ. من أمثلة تلك المواقع موقع "أبجد" وموقع "رفِّي"
استثمارأنظمة قياس التفاعل الصفي اللفظي في تنمية مهارة التعبيرالشفوي -أنموذجا فالندرز نظام-
Authors: ضياف زكرياء , داودي سهام
Published: August 2024

تهدف هذه الد ا رسة إلى إب ا رز أهمية العلاقة التفاعلية بين المعلم ومتعلّميه وبين المتعلّمين بعضهم مع بعض، لأنّ النجاح في عملتي التعليم والتع لّم يرتكز بدرجة كبيرة على نجاح هذه العلاقة، حيث يقتضي في بعض الأحيان إج ا رء تعديلات في الط ا رئق التعليمية القائمة، وهذا يعتمد أساسا على التفاعل اللفظي داخل الغرفة الصفية باعتباره مؤش ا ر مهما يعبر على نمط التواصل، وقد انتهجت هذه الد ا رسة منهجَ وص ف التفاعلات الصفية اللفظية وتحليلها؛ من خلال التركيز على المعاينة الميدانية المباشرة باستخدام )الفيديو( واستثمار نظام فلاندرز لقياس وتحليل التفاعل الصفي اللفظي، دون إغفال المقارنة بين النسب المرصودة وبين النسب القياسية لنموذج المعلّم المثالي، وذلك للإجابة على إشكالية مفادها: ما أثر استخدام أنظمة قياس التفاعل الصفي اللفظي في تنمية مهارة التعبير الشفوي؟ وأبرز النتائج المتوصّل إليها هو أنّ المعلّمين لا يُدركون أنّ لنشاطات الحصّة التعليمية التعلّمية توزيعا وفق نسب محدّدة لتوفير جوّ تفاعليٍّ صفيٍّ ناجح ومثمر، ودليل ذلك هو الفرق الواسع بين مجملالنسب المرصودة ميدانيا وبين النسب القياسية المُتّفق عليها، وهذا الخلل يستدعي الاهتمام بمعالجته من خلال تكوين المعلّمين وتدريبهم ميدانيا وعمليّا في ميادين كثيرة.
Globalization Authority: Fragmentation of Self and Disturbance of Religious Identity from Distortion to Extremism in Amin Ben Batta’s “Overdrive”
Authors: HAFDALLAH Aya , DAHNOUN Amel
Published: August 2024

Globalization stands as a pivotal reality deeply ingrained within diverse ideologies, exerting significant influence across political, social, and cultural dimensions. Central to its impact is the concept of religion, pivotal for its role in reshaping societal identity structures. This study seeks to investigate the implications and consequences of globalization on the religious landscape, employing a descriptive-analytical approach to the novel Overdrive by Amin Ben Battha. The research critically examines the narratives of Jewish and Christian believers before and after the alteration of sacred texts, explores the proliferation of discourses centered on violence, extremism, and the rejection of moderation within Muslim communities, and ultimately considers globalization’s objective of eroding religious distinctiveness in favor of a unified global identity ideology. Furthermore, the study critiques the condemnation of unfettered public freedoms by transforming monotheism into a mere ideological belief.Haut du formulaire
Marvel in the Algerian Folk Tale: ‘The Tale of Djamila and the Ogre’
Authors: BOUGOUFA Sabrina
Published: August 2024

The concept of Marvel has emerged as a significant term in contemporary discourse, leading to considerable debate due to its intersection with other related concepts. It is essential to highlight the close relationship between the term Marvel and folk literature, given the distinctive nature of folk literature characterized by its incorporation of Marvel in its characters, settings, and themes. This study aims to delve into the notion of the folk tale and subsequently identify instances of marvel in a tale drawn from Algerian heritage, through the analysis of a specific model entitled The Tale of Djamila and the Ogre
Assessing the Efficacy of Moodle: Perspectives from Educators and Learners at the Department of English, Ahmed Salhi University Centre, Naama
Authors: TEYEBI Souleyman , YAICHE Wahida
Published: August 2024

The educational sphere has experienced a progressive implementation of innovative ideas in institutions and universities, leading to a significant move towards the use of information and communication technology. Numerous universities worldwide have recently adopted Moodle as an e-learning platform due to its potential advantages. This Learning Management System was introduced into Algerian higher education last decade, especially when the COVID-19 pandemic began to spread. This article examines the effectiveness and benefits of learning via the Moodle platform for EFL teachers and students at Salhi Ahmed University Centre in Naama. To investigate this, the researchers employed a methodology involving two questionnaires: one targeting a sample of 15 EFL teachers and another for around 70 students. In addition to the platform’s popularity among educators and students, the findings reveal a general appreciation for Moodle-based learning. Nevertheless, challenges such as accessibility and the need for ongoing teacher training in assessment persist. Addressing these Moodle-related issues could enhance the quality of education, aligning the institution with global trends in digital education.
Effect of Social-Cultural Values on the Growth of Indigenous Entrepreneurship in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Maganie Aku
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper is to explore the socio-cultural factors that influence the growth of Indigenous entrepreneurial activities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The research was conducted on a sample of 400 potential entrepreneurs, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were asked questions to assess their perception of the main factors influencing the growth of entrepreneurial activities. Using an analytical descriptive statistical methodology, the data were processed. Table, Percentages, frequencies and chi squares tests were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that many businesses that were operating in the state in the past have either collapsed or operating at meagre levels and many of those entrepreneurs with businesses of their own, are nonindigents. The result shows that the major factors that affect entrepreneurial growth in Nasarawa State are nepotism, profligacy and discouragement. Given the largest proportion of nonindigenous entrepreneurs operating in the state business sector, the paper made some recommendations that can improve indigenous entrepreneurship in the state.
The Scourge of Human Capital Flight on Nigeria’s Health System
Authors: Adegboyega Kamorudeen
Published: August 2024

The health workforce constitutes essential component of the effective service delivery of any health system. Today, Nigeria’s health system is faced with the trajectory of human capital flight, coupled with significant number of skilled personnel migrating to other countries for greener pastures. The trajectory poses challenges to the Nigerian society and therefore deserves attention from the academic community. The article, therefore, aimed at examining the magnitude, drivers, and consequences associated with human capital flight in Nigeria’s health system. The article employs world system theory of migration, which was developed by Immanuel Wallerstein, as the theoretical framework. Regarding methodology, the article employs a secondary source of information, where the author sourced, reviewed and organized relevant articles and materials to advance the thrust of the subject matter. Findings from the existing literature reveal that the scourge of human capital flight in Nigeria has created additional burdens for the public health system, coupled with poor service delivery and health outcomes. The article, therefore, recommends a paradigm shift such that various stakeholders in the country put in place efficient measures toward mitigating the trajectory of human capital flight in Nigeria’s health system so as to respond to the health needs of the citizens.
Nigeria’s Role in the Promotion of Peace and Security in the Gulf of Guinea through Multilateral Cooperation 2001-2022
Authors: Agubamah EDGAR
Published: August 2024

his work examines Nigeria’s role in promoting peace and security in the Gulf of Guinea region. The regional security theory (RST), which highlights the link of interdependent relationships among states within a region, serves as the theoretical framework of the study. The objective of the research is to evaluate Nigeria’s contributions to peace and security through multilateral cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea region.The study utilizessecondary data from credible sources such as official reports, policy documents, books, diplomatic records, magazines, Newspapers, internet sources, and academic literature.Documentary evidence was used to analyze the data obtained. The data collection process follows specific criteria for relevance, reliability, and credibility.The findings reveal that Nigeria to promote peace and security in the Gulf Region, actively engages in multilateral initiatives and collaborations, such as those within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) since its establishment in 1975, the Yaoundé Architecture since 2013, and the Gulf of Guinea Commission (GGC) since 2001. In addition, to promote peace and security Nigeria participates in joint patrols, intelligence sharing, capacity building, and collaborative efforts to address maritime security challenges. The study highlights the importance of international cooperation and partnerships in supporting Nigeria’s efforts. Consequently, the work emphasizes the significance of fostering closer collaboration among the Gulf of Guinea countries to enhance maritime security in the area. Collaboration with shipping companies, naval industry stakeholders, and port authorities is essential for sharing information, implementing best practices, and developing joint initiatives to improve security measures and promote a safe operating environment. While progress has been made, the work underscores challenges related to limited resources, capacity gaps, and memberstates coordination. It emphasizes the need for sustained commitment, cooperation, and investment in capacity building and technology to address peace and security challenges in the Gulf of Guinea. The work suggests further research to explore the effectiveness of multilateral initiatives, Nigeria’s domestic factors, non-traditional security threats, regional dynamics and cooperation, and gender and inclusivity considerations in Nigeria’s promotion of peace and security in the Gulf of Guinea.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CONSPIRACY THEORIES VERSUS THEORIES CONSPIRACY
Authors: Kolev Dragan
Published: August 2024

One of the most significant phenomena that marked the second decade of the XXI century is certainly the phenomenon of the pandemic disease COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus (SARS-KoV-2). It has caused enormous public attention and initiated numerous explanations of the nature, origin, development, action and consequences that this virus will cause. Therefore, the paper discusses a wide range of theories that seek to explain this phenomenon, among which are significant and the so-called “conspiracy theories”. The very notion of “conspiracy theory” appears in the very focus of the paper with the aim of drawing attention to the necessity of precisely defining this very frequent notion in the public sphere. Without understanding its semantic aspect, it is difficult to understand this world plague - the viral pandemic COVID-19. From this fact arises the intention to offer an argument for the establishment of a new construct – “conspiracy theory” because it is more coherent in its meaning but more useful in avoiding confusion, ambiguity, manipulation around the understanding of this global danger. This would also reduce the chances of the pandemic spreading the conspiracy narrative.
SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS IN ENHANCING REGIONAL PRODUCT COMPETITIVNESS
Authors: Koval Viktor , Aleksieienko-Lemovska Liudmyla , Mikhno Inesa
Published: August 2024

The study analyzes the problem of implementing the green economy to improve the regional level of product competitiveness and examines business models for achieving sustainable development. When analyzing modern business models, a model of a “green” economy is proposed that allows resource efficiency in the economic space of the region. The activity of an enterprise planning the implementation of a green economy model is considered, and it focuses on certain areas of action that can increase the level of competitiveness of its products. The study analyzes areas of resource optimization, one of which is the existence of common pool resources. Citizens of different countries were surveyed on their attitudes toward common pool resources’ state and quality. It is concluded that there are not enough resources to finance the green sector, and there is a problem with monitoring the common-pool resources. At the same time, most respondents wish to privately own common-pool resources, which indicates the particularities of national culture, distrust of government, and efficient use of resources in private ownership, namely the desire to serve certain enterprises alone or their households to obtain individual utility rather than optimize the available resources. It concluded that it is necessary to develop environmental awareness and responsibility in the population, which can positively affect the regional level of competitiveness of products and increase the level of education of citizens, to adopt non-formal education in the country, optimize all existing systems that would be based on innovations, and reduce the negative environmental footprint.
The Role of ADGRA3 in Adipose Thermogenesis: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity
Authors: Zhao Zewei , Hu Longyun , Song Bigui , Jiang Tao , Wu Qian , Lin Jiejing , Li Xiaoxiao , Cai Yi , Li Jin , Qian Bingxiu , Liu Siqi , Lang Jilu , Yang Zhonghan
Published: August 2024

The induction of adipose thermogenesis plays a critical role in maintaining body temperature and improving metabolic homeostasis to combat obesity. β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) is widely recognized as a canonical β-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a crucial role in mediating adipose thermogenesis in mice. Nonetheless, the limited expression of β3-AR in human adipocytes restricts its clinical application. The objective of this study was to identify a GPCR that is highly expressed in human adipocytes and to explore its potential involvement in adipose thermogenesis. Our research findings have demonstrated that the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A3 (ADGRA3), an orphan GPCR, plays a significant role in adipose thermogenesis through its constitutively active effects. ADGRA3 exhibited high expression levels in human adipocytes and mouse brown fat. Furthermore, the knockdown of
Adgra3
resulted in an exacerbated obese phenotype and a reduction in the expression of thermogenic markers. Conversely,
Adgra3
overexpression activated the adipose thermogenic program and improved metabolic homeostasis without an exogenous ligand supplementation. We found that ADGRA3 facilitates the biogenesis of beige adipocytes through the Gs-PKA-CREB axis. Moreover, hesperetin was identified as a potential agonist of ADGRA3, capable of inducing adipocyte browning and ameliorating insulin resistance. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the overexpression of constitutively active ADGRA3 or the activation of ADGRA3 by hesperetin can induce adipocyte browning by Gs-PKA-CREB axis. These findings indicate that the utilization of hesperetin and the selectively overexpression of ADGRA3 in adipose tissue could serve as promising therapeutic strategies in the fight against obesity.
The GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhou Ziyue , Han Su Young , Pardo-Navarro Maria , Wall Ellen G , Desai Reena , Vas Szilvia , Handelsman David J , Herbison Allan E
Published: August 2024

One in five women worldwide suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that, alongside subfertility and hyperandrogenism, typically presents with increased luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility. As such, it is suspected that the arcuate kisspeptin (ARN
KISS
) neurons that represent the GnRH pulse generator are dysfunctional in PCOS. We used here
in vivo
GCaMP fiber photometry and other approaches to examine the behavior of the GnRH pulse generator in two mouse models of PCOS. We began with the peripubertal androgen (PPA) mouse model of PCOS but found that it had a reduction in the frequency of ARN
KISS
neuron synchronization events (SEs) that drive LH pulses. Examining the prenatal androgen (PNA) model of PCOS, we observed highly variable patterns of pulse generator activity with no significant differences detected in ARN
KISS
neuron SEs, pulsatile LH secretion, or serum testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations. However, an unsupervised machine learning approach identified that the ARN
KISS
neurons of acyclic PNA mice continued to exhibit cyclical patterns of activity similar to that of normal mice. The frequency of ARN
KISS
neuron SEs was significantly increased in algorithm-identified “diestrous stage” PNA mice compared to controls. In addition, ARN
KISS
neurons exhibited reduced feedback suppression to progesterone in PNA mice and their pituitary gonadotrophs were also less sensitive to GnRH. These observations demonstrate the importance of understanding GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of PCOS. The unexpected functional disassociation of cyclical GnRH pulse generator activity in the acyclic PNA mouse indicates the presence of a complex phenotype with deficits at multiple levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Modeling and Simulation of Neocortical Micro- and Mesocircuitry. Part I: Anatomy
Authors: Reimann Michael W , Bolanõs-Puchet Sirio , Courcol Jean-Denis , Egas Santander Daniela , Arnaudon Alexis , Coste Benoît , Delalondre Fabien , Delemontex Thomas , Devresse Adrien , Dictus Hugo , Dietz Alexander , Ecker András , Favreau Cyrille , Ficarelli Gianluca , Gevaert Mike , Herttuainen Joni , Isbister James B , Kanari Lida , Keller Daniel , King James , Kumbhar Pramod , Lapere Samuel , Lazovskis Jānis , Lu Huanxiang , Ninin Nicolas , Pereira Fernando , Planas Judit , Pokorny Christoph , Riquelme Juan Luis , Romani Armando , Shi Ying , Smith Jason P , Sood Vishal , Srivastava Mohit , Van Geit Werner , Vanherpe Liesbeth , Wolf Matthias , Levi Ran , Hess Kathryn , Schürmann Felix , Muller Eilif B , Markram Henry , Ramaswamy Srikanth
Published: August 2024

The function of the neocortex is fundamentally determined by its repeating microcircuit motif, but also by its rich, interregional connectivity. We present a data-driven computational model of the anatomy of non-barrel primary somatosensory cortex of juvenile rat, integrating whole-brain scale data while providing cellular and subcellular specificity. The model consists of 4.2 million morphologically detailed neurons, placed in a digital brain atlas. They are connected by 14.2 billion synapses, comprising local, mid-range and extrinsic connectivity. We delineated the limits of determining connectivity from anatomy, finding that it reproduces targeting by Sst+ neurons, but requires additional specificity to reproduce targeting by PV+ and VIP+ interneurons. Globally, connectivity was characterized by local clusters tied together through hub neurons in layer 5, demonstrating how local and interegional connectivity are complicit, inseparable networks. The model is suitable for simulation-based studies, and a 211,712 neuron subvolume is made openly available to the community.
A Review on Consumer Patterns and Behaviours’ Towards Generic Medicines
Authors: N Venkatesa Palanichamy , M Santhosh Kumar , M Kalpana , N Balakrishnan, , M Rajavel , M Divya
Published: August 2024

Generic medicines have become an important topic in healthcare due to their potential to reduce costs while providing equivalent treatment to branded drugs. This review article investigates consumer patterns and behaviors related to generic medicines, focusing on awareness, purchasing factors, and satisfaction levels. The research employs a systematic literature review methodology, analyzing peer-reviewed journals, government reports, and industry studies on generic medicines and consumer behavior. Various statistical techniques, such as percentage analysis, chi-square tests, factor analysis, Garrett ranking, and Likert scales, are used to summarize demographic profiles, examine relationships, identify influencing factors, prioritize purchase constraints, and measure satisfaction levels. Key findings reveal that consumer awareness of generic medicines varies widely, influenced by factors such as age, education, and exposure to information from healthcare providers. Government initiatives like India's Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana aim to increase access to affordable generics, yet awareness remains limited in some areas. Price is a major motivator for purchasing generics, but other factors like perceived quality, doctor recommendations, availability, and prior experience also play significant roles. Generally, consumers express positive experiences with generics, citing effectiveness, cost savings, and quality. However, some consumers and healthcare providers harbor concerns about the safety and efficacy of generics compared to branded versions. This review underscores the need for ongoing efforts to enhance consumer confidence in generics through education and awareness campaigns, ensuring the success of initiatives aimed at making essential medicines affordable and accessible to all.
Effects of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Some Chlorides of Divalent Metals on the Initial Velocity of Crude Peroxidase from Watermelon Rind
Authors: O.M Iniaghe, , A.A Ohilebo
Published: August 2024

Aim: This study investigated the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and some chlorides of divalent metals on the initial velocity of crude peroxidase from watermelon rind
Study design:  In vitro enzyme assay.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria between September 2023 to November 2023.
Methodology: The kinetics of the oxidation of Guaiacol by the crude peroxidase from the rind of watermelon in the presence of varying concentrations of EDTA and the chloride salts of iron, copper was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation of Guaiacol to produce a brown tetraguaiacol at a wavelength of 470nm.  The various salt concentrations were varied between 0.5 mM and 3 mM.  Each of the reaction mixtures used in the kinetic study comprised; 2.3 mL of 0.6 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.4), 0.2 mL of 0.02 mM Guaiacol, 0.1 mL of crude extract, 0.2 mL of varying concentration chloride salt, 0.2 mL of 2 mM of H2O2 added last to start the reaction. The final concentration of H2O2 in the 3 mL assay was 0.13 mM. The total volume of the reaction mixture was 3 mL. The absorbance was read every 2 seconds for one minute after adding hydrogen peroxide using a stop-clock. The control had no metal ion but replaced with distilled water
Results: Results showed that EDTA reduced the activity of the enzyme in a concentration dependent manner. CuCl2 and FeCl2 activated the enzyme and FeCl2 being a better activator within the salt concentration range of 0.5 mM to 3 mM.
Conclusion: These findings are of great importance to industries in understanding the mechanism of action of peroxidase from the rind of watermelon, especially as the search for cheap and alternative sources of peroxidases continues.