bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemodelan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi angka kematian bayi di pulau Jawa menggunakan regresi terpotong
Authors: Agung Citra Amelia , Susiswo Susiswo
Published: August 2024

Angka kematian bayi adalah rata-rata banyaknya bayi yang meninggal setiap seribu kelahiran hidup. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi angka kematian bayi (Y) antara lain angka melek huruf (X_1), berat badan bayi lahir rendah (X_2), kelahiran ditolong tenaga kesehatan (X_3), pemberian ASI eksklusif (X_4), pemberian imunisasi lengkap (X_5), jumlah rumah sakit (X_6), jumlah puskesmas (X_7), jumlah posyandu (X_8), jumlah dokter (X_9), jumlah bidan (X_10). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap angka kematian bayi. Angka kematian bayi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi angka kematian bayi per 1000 kelahiran hidup tergolong rendah apabila kematian bayi kurang dari 35 angka kematian, sedang apabila kematian bayi diantara 35 sampai 75 angka kematian, dan tinggi apabila kematian bayi lebih dari 75 angka kematian. Sehingga pemotongan untuk data angka kematian bayi ini menggunakan pengelompokkan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi terpotong. Analisis regresi terpotong adalah analisis regresi yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara variabel tak bebas dengan beberapa variabel bebas yang memuat data terpotong. Data terpotong adalah data dengan peubah tak bebas yang mengalami pembatasan atau pemotongan untuk tujuan tertentu. Adapun pembatasan yang dialami pada data ini yaitu kelompok rendah (0<AKB<35) dan kelompok sedang (35≤AKB≤75). Analisis regresi terpotong menghasilkan model y=-4,112431+0,354999X_3-0,046976X_9+0,004812X_10-3,624764(λ(□((35-(-4,112431+0,354999X_3-0,046976X_9+0,004812X_10 ))/3,624764))-λ(□((0-(-4,112431+0,354999X_3-0,046976X_9+0,004812X_10 ))/3,624764))), dengan nilai SIC 5,074748dan y=31,3868-1,098724X_1+0,646404X_7-0,011127X_8-7,551392(λ(□((75-(31,3868-1,098724X_1+0,646404X_7-0,011127X_8 ))/7,551392))-λ(□((35-(31,3868-1,098724X_1+0,646404X_7-0,011127X_8 ))/7,551392))), dengan nilai SIC 5,718472.Dari persamaan regresi yang diperoleh maka faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi angka kematian bayi pada kelompok rendah adalah kelahiran ditolong tenaga kesehatan, jumlah dokter, dan jumlah bidan. Sedangkan pada kelompok sedang adalah angka melek huruf, jumlah puskesmas, dan jumlah posyandu.
Analisis waktu dan biaya percepatan proyek dengan menggunakan algoritma crash time limit (CTL)
Authors: Setyowati Erni , Wahyuningsih Sapti , Oktoviana Lucky Tri
Published: August 2024

Algoritma Crash Time Limit (CTL) merupakan salah satu algoritma yang dapat diterapkan dalam mempercepat waktu penyelesaian proyek. Pada proses percepatan waktu proyek, Algoritma Crash Time Limit (CTL) membutuhkan data berupa kegiatan, kegian pendahulu, biaya normal, biaya crash, waktu normal, waktu crash, dan biaya tidak langsung. Setelah memperoleh data tersebut, proses yang dilakukan adalah memilih kegiatan kritis dengan biaya cost-slope terendah sebagai kegiatan yang akan dipercepat, menentukan kegiatan yang dipercepat dengan memanfaatkan lintasan dalam jaringan, dan menentukan waktu percepatan dengan menggunakan nilai crash time limit. Hasil yang diperoleh dari proses penyelesaian percepatan proyek dengan Algoritma Crash Time Limit (CTL) yaitu waktu penyelesaian proyek dapat diselesaikan lebih cepat dengan biaya yang lebih minimum.
أثر مهارة الكتابة في تحسين الخط العربي لدى التلاميذ الناطقين بغير العربية في المراحل التعليمية الأساسية في نيجيريا
Authors: Ahmad Garba
Published: August 2024

The writing skill is a fourth type of language skill, and it means the ability to express what is in the conscience and thoughts through transcription, and it is a skill that requires a high idea, which is always a complex scientific because it needs continuous training and continuous practice. This study aims to shed light on the impact and importance of mastering skill in improving Arabic calligraphy among non-Arabic speaking students in the basic educational stages in Nigeria. This study includes the following; Research abstract, introduction, research methodology, definition of the basic educational stages in Nigeria, the concept of writing skill, its importance, objectives of its education, types of writing, stages of its education, the status of Arabic calligraphy in education, its teaching method, research results, suggestions, conclusion and references.
الآراء الجمالية وأهميتها في تجويد فن الخط العربي: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: دعاء بنت محمد داود الأشعري
Published: August 2024

The art of calligraphy is considered one of the Islamic visual and sacred arts, and that the Islamic nation dealt with authorship and intonation in Arabic calligraphy and improving the engineering structure in terms of beautifying it because it is an art related to the Islamic faith, so this study aims to shed light on the most important aesthetic views that were mentioned regarding the art of Arabic calligraphy within A systematic perspective that includes the aesthetic context and rooted the principle of beauty in this art. The method used in this study is the descriptive analytical method, which describes and analyzes the opinions and aesthetic characteristics inherent within the art of Arabic calligraphy. The study concluded that the sum of these aesthetic opinions mentioned regarding the art of Arabic calligraphy had a great impact in imparting values and aesthetic dimensions to the art of Arabic calligraphy on the one hand, and on the other hand, they had a prominent role in its development, refinement and perfection.
نموذج خط القرآن على أساس التعلم التعاوني على تطوير LPTQ فى سومطرا الغربية
Authors: Moh In’ami  , Edi Setiawan  , Etika Vestia  , Ahmad Falah
Published: August 2024

This study aimed: a realistic description of learning the khat Qur'an conducted by LPTQ in each development activity; develop the design of an educational model based on collaborative learning based on the khat Qur'an on the development of LPTQ; and test the validity, process and effectiveness of developing an educational model based on collaborative learning based on the khat Qur'an on LPTQ.The methodology used in this study is the R&D method developed by Thiagarajan, which includes four steps better known as D4, namely definition, design, development and publishing. Typical trials were conducted on LPTQ training and training activities. The results of the study found an actual model for learning the traditional khat Qur'an organized by LPTQ. The form contains: 1) delivery of objectives and motives, 2) physical and important explanations, 3) participants create work independently, 4) guidance at work, 5) presentation of work, 6) evaluation and correction. Find a model to learn the khat Qur'an based on collaborative learning. Learning activities are supported by a standard educational guide to the khat Qur'an.
الخطّ العربي وتجليّاته في الحضارة الإسلامية – المساجد أنموذجا
Authors: شروق دحماني  , الدكتورة: بختة تاحي
Published: August 2024

Arabic calligraphy is the supreme and sophisticated pillar that distinguishes Islamic arts, as we note that not an Islamic artwork is devoid of mosques, palaces, buildings, and walls, except that we found in it authentic Islamic inscriptions represented in the ancient Arabic calligraphy, which is wonderful in its decoration and refined in its expressions, and is distinguished in its drawings. The embroidered craftsmanship and mastery astonish the beholder. Where the interest in the latter has become a treasure and a beacon for calligraphers, their love for it tends to be associated with the tolerant and pure Islamic religion in its teachings, which led them to interact with various civilizations and to spread and display its distinctive images and forms, as well as to the diversity and different methods of Arabic calligraphy and the multiplicity of its models and its promotion to the highest ranks among the arts. From here we pose the forms: What is meant by the Arabic calligraphy? What are the main types of Arabic fonts? What are its manifestations and developments?
Efectos del Covid-19 en el Emprendimiento en Santander (Colombia): Un análisis empírico
Authors: Pérez-Cáceres Natalia Andrea , Guerrero-Rincón Isaac , Ardila-Barrera Yenny Carla
Published: August 2024

Se estudia la incidencia de la pandemia, generada por el virus del Covid-19 sobre el emprendimiento en el departamento de Santander, Colombia, utilizando los datos de la Encuesta de Micronegocios (EMICRON) del DANE durante el periodo de 2019 a 2022. Para ello, se describen las características del emprendimiento antes, durante y después la crisis por Covid-19, y se analiza la probabilidad de ser un emprendimiento consolidado en Santander según factores internos y externos de la unidad de negocio. Los resultados indican que los micronegocios en Santander tienen capacidad de adaptación y crecimiento, superando los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia de Covid-19. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos en términos de financiamiento y formalización que deben ser abordados para asegurar un desarrollo sostenible y robusto en el futuro.
Optimización de la sostenibilidad en la cadena de suministro de cafés especiales
Authors: Rodríguez Guevara Edgar Guillermo , García-Bonilla Diego Alonso , Pineda-Ospina Diana Lorena
Published: August 2024

El desarrollo del análisis se centra en identificar un conjunto de prácticas efectivas que contribuyan a mejorar la sostenibilidad en la cadena de suministro de cafés especiales. Metodológicamente, el análisis se fundamenta en un ejercicio de análisis de contenido temático en un corpus evaluado a través de un indicador construido que permite medir el impacto estructural de artículos científicos en la base de datos de Web of Science. Como resultado, se identificaron tres categorías de análisis para las prácticas que incluyen múltiples dimensiones de análisis: Tecnología y procesos de producción sostenible; Impacto ambiental y calidad del café; y, Comportamiento del consumidor y valor agregado. A partir de estos hallazgos, se contribuye a responder cómo se pueden mejorar las prácticas de producción, comercialización y consumo de cafés especiales para lograr una mayor sostenibilidad en la cadena de suministro en el mercado internacional.
Justicia territorial y mediaciones para la paz lideradas por mujeres y jóvenes en Riosucio (Chocó, Colombia)
Authors: Quintero-Gaviria Jaime Andrés , Giraldo-Quintero Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el papel de las mediaciones y la justicia territorial en la construcción de paz liderada por mujeres y jóvenes en Riosucio, Chocó, Colombia. Esta reflexión se deriva de la experiencia del proyecto “Hilando Capacidades Políticas para las Transiciones en los Territorios”, específicamente del reconocimiento de la importancia de las prácticas de mediación y la justicia territorial por parte de las mujeres de la “Red de Cuidadoras comunitarias” y de los jóvenes de la “Plataforma Municipal de la Juventud”. Estas mediaciones han permitido a las comunidades afrontar los conflictos territoriales a través de un proceso de organización comunitaria en el que se reconoce la justicia territorial y las mediaciones como elementos claves en la construcción de paz y para la transformación de las relaciones sociales y políticas en el territorio.
STUDY ON PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SACHI SEED OIL BASED EMULSION CONTAINING COLLAGEN PEPTIDES
Authors: Thuy Chinh Nguyen , Dinh Duc Cung , Ngoc Quynh Nguyen , Hoang Thai , Phi Hung Nguyen , Thi Thu Trang Pham , Quoc Trung Vu
Published: August 2024

In this study, collagen peptides were carried by a Sacha inchi (sachi) seed oil-based emulsion with Tween 80 under optimal conditions: 26.26% sachi seed oil, 26.06% Tween 80, and 47.68% distilled water. Collagen peptides, varying from 5 - 30% of the total emulsion mass, were dispersed in the aqueous phase before being introduced into the emulsion. Using the sachi seed oil-based emulsion to carry collagen peptides helps prevent the hydrolysis of collagen peptides by acids and enzymes in the digestive system. The characteristics of the emulsion were evaluated using dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The emulsions loaded with collagen peptides have average droplet sizes ranging from 83.57 - 286.93 nm. Emulsions carrying 5 - 10% collagen peptides exhibit a high stability for up to 30 days. These results demonstrate the potential application of sachi seed oil emulsions carrying collagen peptides in functional foods and healthcare products.
P2TP2A Banda Aceh's Efforts in Developing Victims of Child Sexual Violence
Authors: Aini Zahratun , Abdulwahid Kasmil S.
Published: August 2024

The child is the successor of the generation, the most important component of society for the family, religion, and nation. Sexual violence is a treatment that occurs through unwarranted coercion, causing psychological pressure or physical injury to the person who suffers it. If we want a better future for children, then every child needs good maintenance and education. Therefore, pusat pelayanan terpadu pemberdayaan perempuan dan anak (P2TP2A) is an institution that has authority over issues related to the deprivation of the rights of women and children. In 2020, Aceh was ranked ninth in the province of sexual violence against children in Indonesia, which in the previous year was ranked sixteenth. Related to regulation, Aceh has Qanun number 9 of 2019 on Child Protection in the implementation of violence handling and qanun Jinayah number 6 of 2014 as the basis for making decisions on cases of violence against children. The purpose of this study was to determine what efforts are made by P2TP2A in coaching victims of sexual violence against children. This study used a qualitative approach while applying observation, interviews, and literature review by collecting data from research, articles, news, or relevant sources. The subjects of this study were staff members of P2TP2A Banda Aceh. The results showed that the coaching efforts undertaken by P2TP2A Banda Aceh City are carried out through three stages, namely recording, identification of interventions, and service delivery. Services provided include health care, counseling, legal services, provision of safe housing, and social rehabilitation. The obstacles faced are budget problems and support from the community. The benefit of conducting this research is to see what efforts are being made by P2TP2A Banda Aceh towards sexual violence against women and children and what efforts are being made by the government, including P2TP2A Banda Aceh in the process of controlling the protection of women and children.
Punishment for Being Late to School by Reading the Al-Qur’an from the Perspective of an Ismuba Teacher at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Wates
Authors: Andini Rahmah Ayu , Roviana Sri , Wicaksana Apri Wulandari
Published: August 2024

This research aims to find out the background of reading the Qur’an as a condition for obtaining permission to attend lessons when students are late for school. Is it true that the Al-Qur'an is used as punishment? Remember that if it is used as a punishment, it will give each student a bad perception of the Al-Qur’an. Data was obtained at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Wates with sources from Ismuba teachers (Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan and Arabic) consisting of Heru as deputy head of Ismuba at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Wates, Apri, Ika and Wahidedi. The focus of this research is to understand the background to reading the Al-Qur'an used as a condition for getting a letter of permission to enter class when you are late for school, to know the punishment for reading the Al-Qur’an come from, and to investigate any concerns among respondents about reading the Al-Qur’an as a punishment. To answer this, researchers used descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the research show that there are indeed rules for reading the Al-Qur’an for students who are late at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Wates. The research results show that a background in reading the Al-Qur’an is a requirement for obtaining permission to take part in the learning process because students who are late for school have wasted time reading the Al-Qur’an with their classmates. The recommendation to read the Al-Qur’an began when a teacher discovered that his students rarely read the Al-Qur’an, even though each letter in the Qur’an contains ten virtues for those who read it. Apart from that, there are teachers' concerns about their students' treatment of the Qur’an.
Implementation of Character Education through Scout Extracurricular Activities at Ma'arif Nurul Jannah Elementary School
Authors: Ansori Tri Ahmad , An-Nisa Apriani , Harwati Tantri
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted to find out the implementation of character education at Ma`arif Nurul Jannah Elementary School. This is done because character education is the foundation for realizing the golden generation in the future and avoiding the events of moral decadence that are currently rife. This type of research is qualitative research. The data collection strategy in this study was conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation. The subjects incorporated in this study are the principal, class teachers, 9 scout coaches, and students who are members of scout activities. The data evaluation strategy used in this research is information reduction, information presentation, and conclusion drawing. The consequences of the research on the implementation of character education through extracurricular scouting at SD Ma'arif Nurul Jannah show that it is carried out together by marching, camping, exploring, and training. The application of character education in scout activities is carried out by 1) Making activity planning seen from the Daily Activity Journal by placing character values and the Activity Budget Plan. 2) Implementation of character education implementation on students who are members of scout activities every Friday. 3) Evaluation is carried out on students who are members of scout activities by means of periodic assessments when stopping training and coordination meetings for scout training. This is to find out how far the development has gone. The implementation of coaching scout extracurricular activities for students who are members is supported by the existence of policies or rules at school. There are scout coaches, the provision of investment centers or pick-up cars, large school yards, loudspeakers and some scout equipment. However, there are several obstacles in the implementation of scout activities to implement character education at SD Ma'arif Nurul Jannah, namely constrained funds, lack of uncertified scout coaches, and lack of support from parents.
Machiavelli e i conflitti ‘horrendi’, ma necessari
Authors: Bruno Luigi
Published: August 2024

L’articolo affronta il tema del conflitto il cui concetto ha diviso e unito nei secoli vari intellettuali. Niccolò Machiavelli lo definisce come un momento necessario di crescita, si potrebbe dire che lo consideri come uno strumento di libertà. Egli porta ad esempio la Repubblica romana nella cui società si consumava il ‘conflitto’ tra patrizi e plebei (Discorsi, libro I, cap. IV). Altri intellettuali, quali Girolamo Savonarola, Erasmo da Rotterdam, Etienne de La Boétie, Francesco Guicciardini, Thomas More, Baldassarre Castiglione, il “Machiavelli polacco” Krzysztof Warszewicki, affrontano l’argomento del conflitto, attribuendogli un significato diverso che sarà analizzato nel lavoro. La riflessione, quindi, si concentra su un significato più ampio del termine conflitto: oggi bisognerebbe confrontarsi con chi conferisce a questo termine un’accezione negativa e con chi riesce a scorgerne un significato più profondo che nasconde in sé il germe della democrazia e della libertà.
Development of Digital Learning Simulators to Increase Vocational Students' Prior Knowledge
Authors: Syarifudin Hidayatullah Rachmad , Supardji Supardji , Susila I Wayan
Published: August 2024

Vocational high schools, receive special attention from the government to produce graduates who are skilled and in line with the demands of the 21st century. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education system, necessitating a shift from offline to online learning methods. This research focuses on developing digital simulator learning (DSL) media to improve the prior or initial knowledge and problem-solving skills of vocational school students in the field of motorcycle engineering and business. The novelty of DSL media is that students not only learn through the reading process but can also see visually through the simulation process, and also simulate troubleshooting on vehicles. This study follows the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The research results found that smartphone-based DSL media affected increasing competence in initial knowledge of injection systems, while the effectiveness of DSL media was at a medium level.
A Research on the Application of Modern Information Technologies in Teaching
Authors: Topalska Radoslava
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the use of modern information technologies in Bulgarian pre-school and primary education, focusing on teachers' knowledge and use of technologies and the challenges they face. The study is based on an extensive literature review, which highlights the potential of modern information technologies such as programmable devices, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) to improve the quality of education, student engagement and continuous learning. However, the research also identifies persistent barriers to their implementation, including insufficient resources, limited training opportunities and teacher resistance to technological change. The main objective of the study is to assess the level of knowledge and use of technologies among Bulgarian teachers, with a focus on identifying the main barriers to their effective integration into educational practice. The preliminary hypothesis suggests that despite the recognition of the potential benefits of technologies, their use remains limited due to institutional and personal factors. Methodologically, the study used a descriptive survey approach with 205 participants, including pre-school and primary school teachers, principals and education administrators. Data was collected using an online survey platform included in Microsoft Office 365. Key findings show varying levels of knowledge and use of modern technologies among teachers. Although a significant proportion of respondents use technology in their teaching, the level of adoption of more advanced technologies such as programmable devices, VR and AR is significantly lower. Teachers expressed a strong desire for additional information and training on modern technologies, highlighting their potential to enrich learning experiences in a variety of subjects. The study has important implications for the Bulgarian education system. It highlights the gap between the recognised potential of technologies and their practical application in the classroom. Addressing the identified barriers through targeted investment in resources, comprehensive professional development programmes and ongoing support for teachers is crucial. By overcoming these barriers, educational institutions can better prepare students for the challenges of the digital age, improve learning outcomes and create a more dynamic and effective educational environment.
Digital Entrepreneurship Research for Learning and Teaching in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Fadillah Rahmat , Ganefri Ganefri , Yulastri Asmar , Luthfi Afdal , Hidayat Hendra , Samala Agariadne Dwinggo , Rawas Soha
Published: August 2024

Digital entrepreneurship has heralded a paradigm shift in the business and educational landscape, ushering in an era where creative thinking, problem-solving, and digital prowess are integral curriculum components. This study undertakes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of digital entrepreneurship in education, delving into its profound influence on the learning and teaching process. Leveraging the extensive Scopus database for data extraction, our research aims to offer a panoramic view of research trends, methodologies, and critical themes encapsulated within the academic literature from 2004 to 2023. Employing a meticulous bibliometric analysis methodology utilizing Bibilioshiny complemented by Microsoft Excel for metadata visualization, our study meticulously identified and analyzed 257 relevant documents. Through this analysis, we delineate the contributions of 743 authors and their affiliations while scrutinizing the geographical distribution of contributing countries. The findings of our study underscore a marked surge in interest surrounding digital entrepreneurship in education, with China emerging as the primary contributor, boasting 108 published articles in this domain. Beyond mere statistics, our research endeavors to equip educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers with invaluable insights into the seamless integration of digital entrepreneurship into educational frameworks. Moreover, it sheds light on specific areas warranting further exploration, elucidating their potential impact on future learning paradigms.
Students’ Attitude Towards Learning of Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Their Professors
Authors: Kocaleva Vitanova Mirjana , Karamazova Gelova Elena , Zlatev Zoran , Zlatanovska Biljana
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the attitude of the students towards learning of fundamentals of electrical engineering and their professor is considered. For this purpose, a survey of first-year students studying this subject was conducted. The survey was conducted on two generations of students from the academic year 2020/2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic and 2022/2023 generation after the pandemic. Our goal is to see students’ opinion about the teaching process and the professor and determine if there is a difference in the students' opinion. It should be noted that during the COVID-19 the teaching took place online, and after the COVID-19 with physical presence. Students during the COVID-19 period gave lower ratings for their professors and found the colloquiums more difficult, expressing less satisfaction with the lectures and exercises. Their colloquium results were also worse. Additionally, final exam results showed that a higher percentage of students from academic years with physical presence passed the exams.
Artificial Intelligence on Knowledge Management Systems for Businesses: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Thakuri Sunaina , Bon Massimo , Cavus Nadire , Sancar Nuriye
Published: August 2024

The fourth industrial revolution is forthcoming, bringing with it revolutionary alterations in connectivity, work dynamics, and everyday operations. The fundamental foundation of this transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) is at its core. The purpose of this research is to identify new and distinctive features of how artificial intelligence may improve and enhance business knowledge management systems. For this purpose, systematic literature review (SLR) was used as the research method and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) as an approach. Articles based on specific search queries from 2013 to 2023 were selected from major scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, with a focus on AI, knowledge management systems, and corporate organizations for the PRISMA. It covers four main research questions by utilizing 14 selected papers. The main findings of this research paper call attention to AI’s vital role in shaping the future of knowledge management which helps organizations make informed decisions and remain competitive and relevant in this ever-changing world of commerce. This study also explores the importance of data security in AI systems which need ethical considerations and responsible practices to address the vulnerabilities.
Physicians and Iatrogenism from the Philosophy of Medicine to the Sociology of Health
Authors: Can İslam
Published: August 2024

In pre-modern times, health services provided by traditional healers such as clergymen, healers, and herbalists were conducted by professionalss specialized in modern medicine such as physicians and auxiliary health personnel. Although modern Western medicine has developed in many areas, it has been criticized severely. The most important of these criticisms is the unquestionable structure of modern medicine and the methods and techniques used by physicians in the treatment processes in connection with this structure. These criticisms are termed with the concept of iatrogenesis, and criticisms against both modern medicine and physicians are becoming sharper. In this study, the forms of iatrogenesis produced by modern medicine in general and by physicians in particular will be discussed from the perspective of medical philosophy and health sociology. In addition, the relationship between physicians and iatrogenism will be evaluated in the context of recently discussed issues such as patient-physician relations, commercialization of health services, construction of the patient as a customer, pharmaceutical industry and guided scientific studies, excessive use of drugs and medical devices, medicalization of life, gaining popularity of traditional treatment methods.
Bedir Gazvesi’ne Katılanların Bağışlandığını Belirten Hadis Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Demir Abdulalim
Published: August 2024

Mekkelilerin Hudeybiye antlaşmasının şartlarını ihlal etmesi üzerine Hz. Peygamber Mekke’nin fethine karar vermiş ve kan dökülmesinin önüne geçmek için de hazırlıklarını gizli yapmıştır. Seferin yönünü öğrenen Hâtıb b. Ebû Beltea Mekke’deki ailesini korumak için Mekkelilere durumu haber verme girişiminde bulunmuştur. Bunu öğrenen Hz. Peygamber, ilgililere mektubun ulaşmaması için bazı sahâbîlerini görevlendirmiştir. Bu hatasından dolayı Hâtıb ihanet, münafıklık gibi suçlamalara maruz kalmıştır. Bu olay İslâm tarihinde birçok yönden tartışıla gelen Ashâb-ı Bedir’in bağışlandığını konu edinen hadisin vürûdüne ve Mümtehine sûresi birinci ayetin nüzûlüne vesile olmuştur. Çalışmada Bedir Gazvesi’ne katılanların bağışlandığını belirten hadis anlam, yorum-bilim ve fıkhî sonuçlar açısından inceleme konusu edinecektir. Ayrıca “Ashâb-ı Bedr’in bağışlanmış olması dünya ve ahiret hayatını ilgilendiren her şeyi kapsar mı?” gibi soruların cevabı aranacaktır. Buna yardımcı olması için çalışmada Hâtıb ve mektubu taşıyan Sâre’nin kısa biyografisine, mektubun içeriğine, söz konusu hadisin değişik varyantlarına, anlam-yorum-bilim açısından tahliline ve ondan çıkarılacak fikhî sonuçlara değinilecektir. Bunun için konu deskriptif ve analitik bir bakışla incelenecek, fikir-hadise irtibatına dikkat edilecek ve nitel araştırma metotlarından dokümantasyon analiz yönteminden faydalanılacaktır.
The Injected Plasma of Myasthenia Gravis Patient with A Low T-reg Level Caused Clinical Myasthenic Syndromes in Swiss-Webster Mice
Authors: Pasmanasari Elta Diah , Purwaningsih Erni Hernawati , Retnaningsih Retnaningsih , Purba Jan Sudir , Octaviana Fitri
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular junction involvement. The finding that T-reg level in MG patients was lower than that in normal persons leads to the idea that the primary pathology of the disease is T-reg dependent. The T-reg level of MG patients seems to be decreasing compared to that of normal persons. The study was conducted to observe the contribution of T-reg level in plasma injected into Swiss-Webster mice to develop clinically and pathologically myasthenic syndromes.METHODS: Swiss-Webster mice were grouped into three groups: the groups received plasma with normal, low, and high T-reg levels, respectively. The T-reg levels of the mice were measured with flow cytometry analysis and a human regulatory T-cell cocktail for T-cell surface cell marker. The motor function, interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, and thymus weight of mice were measured after the injection. Histopathological examination was performed to analyze mice’s muscles and thymus.RESULTS: The result identified that the motor function (2-week treatment group: p=0.021 and 3-week treatment group: p=0.032) and muscle width (p=0.014, p=0.032 and p≤0.001) were significantly lower in the low T-reg level plasma group compared to control and high T-reg level plasma groups. The thymus showed an increase in weight without an increase in the cortex-medulla ratio of the thymus, indicating hyperplasia. Both IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were lower in the low and high T-reg level groups compared with the control group, indicating the autoimmune process.CONCLUSION: Low T-reg level was associated with lower motor function, muscle width, increased thymus weight, as well as lower IL-2 and IFN-γ levels. T-reg level contributed to clinical myasthenic syndromes but not pathological findings. This research method is expected to be a basis for the development of animal models with Swiss-Webster mice.KEYWORDS: animal model, Myasthenia gravis, Swiss-Webster mice
Urinary PYD/Creatinine Ratio Has Negative Correlation to Serum 25(OH)D and Positive Correlation to Chronic Lead Exposure Index
Authors: Hajar Siti Sarah , Mudjihartini Ninik , Manikam Nurul Ratna Mutu , Mulyana Mulyana , Mansyur Muchtaruddin
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: The burden of disease due to lead exposure continues to increase. Lead interferes with 25(OH)D hydroxylation and calcium transport, increasing osteoclastic activity and bone resorption. Pyridinoline crosslinks (PYD), as an indicator of bone damage, can be seen earlier compared to imaging changes. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and the urinary PYD/creatinine ratio in workers exposed to lead, since up to now, there are only limited studies related to it.METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 104 workers exposed to lead, selected from parents whose children had blood lead levels above 10 µg/dL. Questionnaires and physical examination were performed to obtain characteristic data from subjects. Data regarding blood lead levels, serum 25(OH)D levels, urinary PYD levels, and urinary creatinine levels were also obtained from various laboratory methods.RESULTS: Most subjects (86.5%) had inadequate serum 25(OH)D. Median blood lead levels was 6.3 (1.2-35.5) µg/dL, chronic lead exposure index was 35.3 (1.2-535.8) years µg/dL, serum 25(OH)D levels was 22 (8-52) ng/mL, and urinary PYD/creatinine ratio was 5.3 (3.6-28.1)×10-6. There was a significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and urinary PYD/creatinine ratio in workers exposed to lead. There was also a significant positive correlation between chronic lead exposure index and the urinary PYD/creatinine ratio.CONCLUSION: Since urinary PYD/creatinine ratio is correlated with serum chronic lead exposure index and serum 25(OH)D levels, it suggests that pyridinoline might be a potential biomarker to detect bone metabolism disorder due to the chronic lead exposure. Vitamin D adequacy is also an important factor in preventing bone metabolism disorder amidst chronic lead exposure.KEYWORDS: 25(OH)D, bone resorption, pyridinoline, lead, worker
Normal Value of Thrombocytes Indices in Indonesian Adults: Focus on Gender and Ages
Authors: Sukorini Usi , Arjana Adika Zhulhi , Ratnaningsih Tri , Satria Rahmat Dani
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Monitoring platelet count and related indices is crucial for managing hematological disorders. No studies are reporting normal platelet indices in the adult Indonesian population. Therefore, this study was conducted to establish normal reference values for platelet count and indices in a healthy population in Indonesia and investigate their association with platelet count and each parameter.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included healthy adults from both sexes who underwent hematological testing in our laboratory. Two mL of venous blood was drawn and analyzed using an automated machine ADVIA 2120 to identify platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet component (MPC), platelet component distribution width (PCDW), mean platelet mass (MPM), platelet mass distribution width (PMDW), and large platelet count.RESULTS: This study included 1037 subjects with median of 27 (18–58) years old. Normal reference range values for platelet indices in adult Indonesians was established, which was significantly different between males and females (p<0.05) in following parameters: platelet count (191.77–400.37 vs. 203.00–433.00 ×109/L), MPV (7.30–9.91 vs. 7.20–10.00 fL), PDW (38.09–59.83 vs. 37.10–58.50%), PCT (0.17–0.33 vs. 0.17–0.35%), PMDW (0.68–1.06 vs. 0.67–1.04 pg) for males vs. females, respectively. However, other parameters such as MPC, PCDW, MPM, and large platelet, did not show any significant differences.CONCLUSION: The reference intervals of platelet indices in the adult Indonesian population were different from previously established reference values, indicating the importance of dedicated reference interval determination with gender consideration.KEYWORDS: thrombocyte indices, platelet count, hematology reference values, blood platelet analysis
Strategies for Improving Foreign Language Skills of Primary School-Aged Children at Miracle Language Center, Narathiwat, Thailand
Authors: Ayu Ayu , Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Mahama Salmee
Published: August 2024

Foreign language skills are often a problem due to declining interest while the demands of mastering foreign languages include the demands of the times and global competition. These skills are applied to elementary school-age children.  The purpose of this study is to describe how strategies to improve foreign language skills of elementary school-age children at Miracle Language Center, Narathiwat, Thailand. This research uses field research, namely qualitative-descriptive research design. The research informants consisted of teachers and students. Interviews with teachers to obtain general implementation information and with students to obtain information on the extent of foreign language acquisition at Miracle Language Center educational institutions. The method used is the Miles and Huberman (2014) approach of digging, reviewing data until obtaining saturated data, then all data is collected, data reduction, presenting data and the final step is making conclusions. The results in this study indicate that the strategy of improving children's language skills by providing English and Indonesian vocabulary with a vocabulary matching system as a basic understanding of language that is able to improve children's learning skills and enthusiasm due to the language environment in the Miracle Language Center institution, Thailand being an effective institution in supporting the ability to master foreign languages for children from an early age with a vulnerable 10-12 years.
Classroom Management Strategy in Implementing the Merdeka Curriculum (Independent Curriculum) in Primary Education Institutions
Authors: Mubarok Ramdanil , Sholeh Makherus , Irayana Ika
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze class management strategies, class management processes, and class management problems in implementing the Merdeka curriculum in basic education institutions. This research was conducted at MIN 1 East Kutai. The method used is the descriptive qualitative research method. There were 8 informants in this study: the deputy principal for curriculum, class I, II, IV, and V teachers, and three invalid teachers. The research results show that classroom management strategies involve collaboration between teachers and students in lesson planning, selection of diverse materials, open and active learning, and emphasis on formative assessment. The class management process is carried out through initial assessments, preparing plans, implementation through understanding the goals and principles of the independent curriculum, determining learning objectives, using appropriate methods, facilitating students in creating study groups, providing assistance regarding conflicts and challenges in learning, and evaluating learning. The problems include too many students in one class, lack of student learning independence, lack of appropriate learning media, uneven understanding, difficulty managing time, lack of communication, and insufficient resources and understanding of the Merdeka curriculum. The practical implications of this research can help educators develop more effective approaches to managing the classroom and designing classroom management that allows students to reach their maximum potential in an Merdeka curriculum.
Development of Kalibataku Fraction Board Media to Improve Student Learning Results and Interest in Fraction Material
Authors: Puspitasari Putri , Murtono Murtono , Mulyani Mulyani
Published: August 2024

Mathematics learning in basic education institutions is minimal in the use of learning media, and student's interest in mathematics is very low. The learning process using media is very influential in supporting students' interests and learning outcomes. This research aims to develop a Kalibataku fraction board media to increase interest and learning outcomes in mathematics learning about fractions. This research was carried out using the method of Research and Development (R&D) and using the ADDIE model. The research subjects involved were grade V students, totaling 7 students 2 experts, and 1 class teacher. The research instrument for collecting data uses questionnaires and tests. Data analysis uses ADDIE steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research results show that the media developed is suitable for use based on expert validation results. There is an increase in student interest and learning outcomes after using the developed Kalibataku fraction board media. Also received a positive response from educators who categorized the media as suitable for application in learning.
Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine for Analgesia during Burn Excision and Grafting
Authors: Ybarra Amy L.
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Patients with superficial burns normally do not require surgical intervention, however, burns that are deep and large, require numerous procedures for excision and skin grafting (EG).1 Consequently, the complicated care of these patients is often transferred into the hands of their anesthesia providers. One of the challenges with these patients lies in their multi-faceted, but common theme of pain, which is confounded not only by high inter-patient variability and unpredictability1, 2 , but by pain from the initial injury, by wound care pain and by the new, postoperative pain from EG procedures.1 Furthermore, because of tolerance and hyperalgesia, increasing doses of narcotics may be required and yet fail to provide adequate relief and sadly, ineffective pain control can be associated with poor emotional health including, but not limited to, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.1,2,3 Clearly, the complexity of burns requires a thoughtful approach to analgesia.  
This case report details the utilization of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct for analgesia during EG for a severely burned patient. Anesthetic technique as well as immediate postoperative course for similar EG procedures were compared but limited to 5 procedures over a 20-day timeframe. The anesthetic specific to this case report was the only anesthetic in which Dexmedetomidine was utilized. Findings are consistent with the evidence and reveal on the day Dexmedetomidine was used, the patient had lower post-operative pain scores, lower postoperative Richmond Agitation Sedation Scores (RASS), and it was the only day the patient did not require any postoperative PRN pain medication administration.
Although limited evidence exists specifically related to the use of intraoperative dexmedetomidine for EG of severe burns, this case report suggests a promising role for the addition of this a2 agonist as a multi-modal approach to caring for this complex population.
References

Ray DE, Karlekar MB, Crouse DL, et al. Care of the critically ill burn patient. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;12(7):1094-1102. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201607-577PS
Retrouvey H, Shahrokhi S. Pain and the thermally injured patient—A review of current therapies. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2015;36(2):315-323. DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000073
Bittner E, Shank E, Woodson L, Martyn J. Acute and perioperative care of the burn-injured patient. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(2):448-464. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000559
Opioid Free Anesthesia
Authors: Barnett Chelsea
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Opioid free anesthesia (OFA) is gaining popularity as an anesthetic technique to enhance surgical recovery and reduce opioid consumption within the postoperative period. For many decades and continuing today, opioids are administered throughout the perioperative period. Opioid use has dramatically risen and opioid overdose has earned the leading cause of unintentional death in the United States.1Opioids contain many unfavorable side effects such as the potential for abuse or misuse, nausea, vomiting, constipation, ileus, pruritus, altered mental status, urinary retention, respiratory complications, and increased length of hospital stay.1,2Anesthesia professionals play a role in patient’s exposure to opioids, as many patients’ first exposure to opioids may be during the perioperative period.1An OFA technique was selected for this gender reassignment case to ensure a shorter surgical recovery while avoiding the undesirable side effects of opioids. OFA is a multimodal anesthesia technique including hypnotics, NMDA antagonists, local anesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and alpha-2 agonists.4
Keywords
Opioid free anesthesia, opioid crisis, gender reassignment, gender dysphoria
Contributions of South Korean Registered Nurses in Anesthesia Practice
Authors: Rayborn, DNP, CRNA Michong Kong , Jeong, PhD,CRNA Gyeseon , Choi, PhD Hwanseok , Hayden, PhD, MSN, RN SatAnanda
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) were recognized by law as legitimate anesthesia providers in Korea 44 years ago. Since 2005, CRNAs have been educated at the graduate level and certified by national examination. In recent years, the number of graduate educational programs has decreased and the number of practicing CRNAs has declined correspondingly. To meet the shortfall, hospitals train registered nurses to perform anesthesia. This study examined registered nurses in anesthesia (RNAs) and CRNAs in anesthesia care in South Korea.
Materials and Methods: A confidential survey was administered to a sample of 308 nurses in anesthesia practice. The chi-square independent test and independent two-sample t-test for continuous variables were used for comparison.
Results: While all were involved in anesthesia, RNAs were more likely to work under supervision. Almost 34% of the participants planned to leave anesthesia practice within the next 5 years, and nearly 20% of participants indicated that they planned to retire within 5 years.
Discussion: RNAs are an integral part of anesthesia services in Korea, although they are not certified and lack clear scope of practice. The authors recommend a pathway for RNAs to obtain advanced degrees and certification as anesthesia providers.