bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Lung Imaging Confederation
Authors: Mulshine James L. , Avila Ricardo S. , Conley Ed , Devaraj Anand , Ambrose Laurie Fenton , Flanagan Tanya , Henschke Claudia I. , Hirsch Fred R. , Janz Robert , Kakinuma Ryutaro , Lam Stephen , McWilliams Annette , Van Ooijen Peter M.A. , Oudkerk Matthijs , Pastorino Ugo , Reeves Anthony , Rogalla Patrick , Schmidt Heidi , Sullivan Daniel C. , Wind Haije H.J. , Wu Ning , Wynes Murry , Xueqian Xie , Yankelevitz David F. , Field John K.
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE

To improve outcomes for lung cancer through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) early lung cancer detection. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer is developing the Early Lung Imaging Confederation (ELIC) to serve as an open-source, international, universally accessible environment to analyze large collections of quality-controlled LDCT images and associated biomedical data for research and routine screening care.

METHODS

ELIC is an international confederation that allows access to efficiently analyze large numbers of high-quality computed tomography (CT) images with associated de-identified clinical information without moving primary imaging/clinical or imaging data from its local or regional site of origin. Rather, ELIC uses a cloud-based infrastructure to distribute analysis tools to the local site of the stored imaging and clinical data, thereby allowing for research and quality studies to proceed in a vendor-neutral, collaborative environment. ELIC’s hub-and-spoke architecture will be deployed to permit analysis of CT images and associated data in a secure environment, without any requirement to reveal the data itself (ie, privacy protecting). Identifiable data remain under local control, so the resulting environment complies with national regulations and mitigates against privacy or data disclosure risk.

RESULTS

The goal of pilot experiments is to connect image collections of LDCT scans that can be accurately analyzed in a fashion to support a global network using methodologies that can be readily scaled to accrued databases of sufficient size to develop and validate robust quantitative imaging tools.

CONCLUSION

This initiative can rapidly accelerate improvements to the multidisciplinary management of early, curable lung cancer and other major thoracic diseases (eg, coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) visualized on a screening LDCT scan. The addition of a facile, quantitative CT scanner image quality conformance process is a unique step toward improving the reliability of clinical decision support with CT screening worldwide.
American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Postoperative Delirium Prevention
Authors: Hughes Christopher G. , Boncyk Christina S. , Culley Deborah J. , Fleisher Lee A. , Leung Jacqueline M. , McDonagh David L. , Gan Tong J. , McEvoy Matthew D. , Miller Timothy E. ,   for the Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) 6 Workgroup
Published: February 2020

Postoperative delirium is a geriatric syndrome that manifests as changes in cognition, attention, and levels of consciousness after surgery. It occurs in up to 50% of patients after major surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased hospital length of stay, higher cost of care, higher rates of institutionalization after discharge, and higher rates of readmission. Furthermore, it is associated with functional decline and cognitive impairments after surgery. As the age and medical complexity of our surgical population increases, practitioners need the skills to identify and prevent delirium in this high-risk population. Because delirium is a common and consequential postoperative complication, there has been an abundance of recent research focused on delirium, conducted by clinicians from a variety of specialties. There have also been several reviews and recommendation statements; however, these have not been based on robust evidence. The Sixth Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI-6) consensus conference brought together a team of multidisciplinary experts to formally survey and evaluate the literature on postoperative delirium prevention and provide evidence-based recommendations using an iterative Delphi process and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Criteria for evaluating biomedical literature.
Improved mitochondrial coupling as a response to high mass-specific metabolic rate in extremely small mammals
Authors: Mélanie Boël , Caroline Romestaing , Claude Duchamp , Frédéric Veyrunes , Sabrina Renaud , Damien Roussel , Yann Voituron
Published: February 2020

Mass-specific metabolic rate negatively co-varies with body mass from the whole-animal to the mitochondrial levels. Mitochondria are the mainly consumers of oxygen inspired by mammals to generate ATP or compensate energetic losses dissipated as the form of heat (proton leak) during oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, ATP synthesis and proton leak thus compete for the same electrochemical gradient. Because proton leak co-varies negatively with body mass, it is unknown if extremely small mammals further decouple their mitochondria to maintain their body temperature or if they implement metabolic innovations to ensure cellular homeostasis. The present study investigates the impact of body mass variation on cellular and mitochondrial functioning in small mammals, comparing the two extremely small African pygmy mice (Mus mattheyi, approx. 5 g and Mus minutoides, approx. 7 g) with the larger house mouse (Mus musculus, approx. 22 g). Oxygen consumption rates were measured from the animal to the mitochondrial levels. We also measured mitochondrial ATP synthesis in order to appreciate the mitochondrial efficiency (ATP/O). At the whole-animal scale, mass- and surface-specific metabolic rates co-varied negatively with body mass, whereas this was not necessarily the case at cellular and mitochondrial levels. M. mattheyi had generally the lowest cellular and mitochondrial fluxes, depending on the tissue considered (liver or skeletal muscle), as well as having higher efficient muscle mitochondria than the other two species. M. mattheyi presents metabolic innovations to ensure its homeostasis, by generating more ATP per oxygen consumed.
Choice consequences: Salinity preferences and hatchling survival in the mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)
Authors: McCain Shelly C. , Kopelic Sydney , Houslay Thomas M. , Wilson Alastair J. , Lu Huanda , Earley Ryan L.
Published: February 2020

In heterogeneous environments, mobile species should occupy habitats in which their fitness is maximized. Mangrove rivulus fish inhabit mangrove ecosystems where salinities range from 0–65 ppt but are most often collected at ∼25 ppt. We examined rivulus’ salinity preference in a lateral salinity gradient, in the absence of predators and competitors. Fish could swim freely for 8 hours throughout the gradient with chambers containing salinities from 5–45 ppt (or 25 ppt throughout, control). We defined preference as the salinity in which the fish spent most of their time, and also measured preference strength, latency to begin exploring the arena, and number of transitions between chambers. To determine whether these traits were repeatable, each fish experienced three trials. Rivulus spent a greater proportion of time in salinities lower (5-15 ppt) than they occupy in the wild. Significant among-individual variation in the (multivariate) behavioral phenotype emerged when animals experienced the gradient, indicating strong potential for selection to drive behavioral evolution in areas with diverse salinity microhabitats. We also showed that rivulus had a significantly greater probability of laying eggs in low salinities compared to control or high salinities. Eggs laid in lower salinities also had higher hatching success compared to those laid in higher salinities. Thus, although rivulus can tolerate a wide range of salinities, they prefer low salinities. These results raise questions about factors that prevent rivulus from occupying lower salinities in the wild, whether higher salinities impose energetic costs, and whether fitness changes as a function of salinity.
Ultrasonography of Lumbar Multifidus Muscle in University American Football Players
Authors: SCHRYVER ALEXA , RIVAZ HASSAN , RIZK AMANDA , FRENETTE STEPHANE , BOILY MATHIEU , FORTIN MARYSE
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The primary objective of this study was to examine and compare lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle size, asymmetry, and function in university football players with and without low back pain (LBP). A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between LM characteristics and body composition in football players.

Methods

Ultrasound assessments of the LM muscle were performed in 41 university football players during the preseason. LM muscle cross-sectional area, echo intensity (e.g., indicator of fatty infiltration and connective tissue), thickness at rest, and thickness during submaximal contraction (e.g., contralateral arm lift) measurements in prone and standing positions were obtained bilaterally at the L5–S1 level. Body composition measures were acquired using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain LBP history data.

Results

The LM muscle thickness at rest in prone and in standing was significantly smaller in football players who reported the presence of LBP in the previous 3 months. The LM cross-sectional area in prone was significantly and positively correlated with weight, height, lean body mass, total fat mass, and total percent body fat. LM echo intensity was strongly correlated with total percent body fat and total fat mass and negatively correlated with the percent thickness change during contraction.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide novel information on LM muscle morphology and activation in football players in prone and standing and suggest that players with LBP in the previous 3 months had smaller LM muscle thickness. LM morphology was strongly correlated with body composition measurements.
Does the addition of a lead foil to digital radiographic receptors influence image contrast and approximal caries lesions diagnosis?
Authors: Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Nejaim Yuri , Farias Gomes Amanda , Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Haiter-Neto Francisco , Freitas Deborah Queiroz
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

To access the influence of the addition of a lead foil to intraoral digital radiographic receptors on image contrast and approximal caries lesions diagnosis.

Methods:

40 posterior teeth were distributed in silicone phantoms composed of two premolars, two molars and a non-test canine. Radiographic images of the phantoms were obtained with and without the incorporation of a lead foil, using the Digora Optime and Digora Toto systems. Four observers scored the images for the presence of caries lesions, using a 5-point scale. Images of an aluminum step wedge were acquired with and without the incorporation of a lead foil. Gray values and standard deviation of gray values were calculated in different thickness of the step wedge and, then, contrast variation was calculated.

Results:

Presence of a lead foil did not influence caries lesions diagnostic values, regardless of the type of digital system (p > 0.05). In general, the objective analysis was not influenced by the presence of a lead foil in any of the tested systems (p > 0.05). However, Digora Toto images showed greater gray values, lower standard deviation of gray values and lower contrast variation, regardless of the presence of the lead foil (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The addition of a lead foil to intraoral digital receptors did not influence image contrast nor caries lesions diagnosis.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A MELHORIA DA QUALIDADE DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL A PARTIR DO COMPORTAMENTO EMPREENDEDOR DO DIRETOR DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS MUNICIPAIS
Authors: Oliveira Jair De , França Creuza Martins , Lima Cristhiane Pereira de
Published: February 2020

Este artigo buscou avaliar a presença de comportamento empreendedor no trabalho dos diretores das escolas públicas do ensino fundamental, localizadas em uma microrregião do norte do estado do Paraná. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, delineada por meio de estudo de caso e organizada em duas etapas: na primeira, participaram quatro escolas, quando analisadas e selecionadas duas delas, para participarem da segunda etapa, considerando os desempenhos dessas duas unidades no IDEB. Os resultados da segunda etapa mostraram que, apesar de o tema empreendedorismo não ser abordado diretamente nas discussões sobre gestão das escolas públicas municipais, observou-se que os seus pressupostos estavam presentes no cotidiano dos diretores, principalmente, para as características comportamentais associadas ao comprometimento e à persistência. Assim, respeitando as tipicidades e as devidas adequações, entendeu-se que é possível aplicar os pressupostos do empreendedorismo à gestão das escolas públicas municipais.
DIÁLOGOS DA GERAÇÃO DA PAZ: COMO A ABORDAGEM DO WORLD CAFÉ PROMOVEU CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO DE COMUNIDADES E AS CONDUZIU A CULTURAS DE PAZ
Authors: Silva Flávio Mesquita da
Published: February 2020

Este resumo de tese de doutorado é um estudo retrospectivo sobre o desenho e a implementação do Projeto Geração da Paz, uma cooperação entre a Secretaria da Educação do Ceará (SEDUC) e a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO), em que o World Café, um poderoso processo de conversação que reúne grandes grupos de pessoas, tornou-se um sistema de fomento à geração de culturas de paz por meio do diálogo. Combinando os princípios de design do World Café e os princípios do design holístico sistêmico, o World Café, focado no desenvolvimento de consciência e engajamento crítico, integrou mais de 10.000 cidadãos como copesquisadores em centenas de escolas e respectivas comunidades, assim como de organizações governamentais e não governamentais. Este estudo é sobre como os princípios de design do World Café e o Projeto Geração da Paz evoluíram e contribuíram, mutuamente, para fomentar culturas de paz.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO VISUAL MERCHANDISING NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS CONSUMIDORES
Authors: Batista Karen , Escobar Maria Andrea Rocha
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a importância dos elementos de visual merchandising (VM) na percepção dos consumidores, identificando se existem diferenças significativas quando os consumidores são segmentados por sexo, idade, escolaridade e faixa de renda. Para alcançar tal objetivo, realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, aplicando um questionário a 150 respondentes. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio dos testes estatísticos teste t de Student e ANOVA One-Way. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que os elementos de VM que mais apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos foram vitrine e cores, sendo tidos como mais importantes para mulheres, que têm até 25 anos, possuem ensino fundamental e recebem até um salário-mínimo ou entre um e dois salários. Alguns elementos, como fachada, acessibilidade, provadores e exposição dos produtos, não obtiveram diferenças significativas entre os grupos.
Consumer Misinformation and the Brand Premium: A Private Label Blind Taste Test
Authors: Bronnenberg Bart J. , Dubé Jean-Pierre , Sanders Robert E.
Published: February 2020

To study consumer brand misinformation, we run in-store blind taste tests with a retailer’s private label food brands and the leading national brand counterparts in three large consumer packaged goods categories. Subjects self-report very high expectations about the quality of the private labels relative to national brands. However, they predict a relatively low probability of choosing them in a blind taste test. An overwhelming majority systematically choose the private label in the blinded test. Using program evaluation methods, we find that the causal effect of this intervention on treated consumers increases their market share for the tested private label product by 15 share points during the week after the intervention, on top of a base share of 8 share points. However, the effect diminishes to 8 share points during the second to fourth weeks after the test and to 2 share points during the second to fifth months after the test. Using a structural model of demand that controls for the self-selected participation and allows for heterogeneous treatment effects, we show that these effects survive controls for point-of-purchase prices, purchase incidence, and the feedback effects of brand loyalty. We also find that the intervention increases the preference for the private label brands, and that it decreases the preference for the national brands, relative to the outside good. Interpreting the intervention as an information treatment about the product, we find evidence consistent with an economically large informational barrier on demand for the private label product relative to an established national brand.
KEBERKESANAN ALAT BANTU MENGAJAR (SMART COT) DALAM ASAS PEMBUATAN PERABOT SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN HARIAN PENDIDIKAN KHAS TINGKATAN SATU
Authors: Amri Aziezatul Nezirah , Azman Mohamed Nor Azhari , Kiong Tee Tze , Khairudin Moh
Published: February 2020

Murid Berkeperluan Khas (MBK) di sekolah menengah harian kurang mendapat peluang untuk mempelajari kemahiran vokasional  khususnya dalam bidang  pembuatan perabot kayu kerana ketidakupayaan murid dalam melakukan kerja-kerja pertukangan. Matlamat kajian ini adalah  untuk membangunkan Kit (Smart Cot) sebagai Alat Bantu Mengajar (ABM) bagi mata pelajaran baharu  iaitu Asas Pembuatan Perabot yang diperkenalkan oleh pihak Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia khusus kepada murid berkeperluan khas bagi Program Pendidikan Khas Intergasi (PPKI) tingkatan satu yang mengalami masalah pembelajaran. Reka bentuk kajian  ini menggunakan  kaedah  kualitatif  dengan menggunakan instrumen temubual, pemerhatian dan borang senarai semak kajiaan yang telah dijalankan sepanjang proses Pembelajaran Dan Pemudahcaraan (Pdpc) berlangsung dengan menggunakan Kit (Smart Cot) terhadap silibus Asas Pembuatan Perabot. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 9 orang murid PPKI sebagai responden kajian, khususnya murid dalam bidang pertukangan perabot kayu di sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian di Selangor. Kajian kes digunakan oleh penyelidik kerana mampu melampaui kuantatif, keputusan statistik dan memahami keadaan sifat daripada pelbagai perspektif. Kesemua elemen akan dinilai berdasarkan proses perlaksanaan temu bual, pemerhatian dan borang senarai semak responden kajian. Maka maklumat yang dikumpul adalah dalam bentuk ayat ataupun perkataan. Penyelidik mencadangkan supaya ABM kit (Smart Cot) ini digunakan oleh guru dalam proses Pdpc bagi silibus Asas Pembuatan Perabot kepada murid berkeperluan khas agar dapat meningkatkan prestasi pencapaian dan penguasaan kemahiran pertukangan perabot kayu. Kata kunci :  Pendidikan khas, perabot kayu, asas pembuatan perabot dan alat bantu mengajar
RESOURCE ADEQUACY AND UTILIZATION FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Edokpolor James Edomwonyi , Dumbiri David Nwanna
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the level of physical facilities adequacy and instructional resources utilization for teaching and learning effectiveness in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programmes. A quantitative research design was used, with a sample of 700 participants (85 lecturers and 615 students) which was randomly selected across three Federal Universities in South-South, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from TVET lecturers and students. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analyses. Physical facilities were found to be inadequate for teaching and learning processes in TVET programmes. Also, instructional resources were found to be underutilized during teaching and learning in TVET programmes. One of the recommendations made for the study is that TVET managers should endeavour to collaborate with major stakeholders for the provision of funds that would assist in ensuring adequate provision of physical facilities for effective teaching and learning processes in TVET programmes. As such, this would further help to foster the conducive environment for teaching and learning of TVET courses, which in turn, would help in equipping students with the skills to pursue entrepreneurial careers and lifelong learning upon graduation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AND GROUP INVESTIGATION (PBL GO-IN) TO IMPROVE VOCATIONAL STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE
Authors: Purnomo Hendy , Santosa Budi , Tentama Fatwa
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a combination of problem-based learning and group investigation (PBL Go-In) methods on the competence of the Motorcycle Engineering and Business Program students. This study is an experimental implementation method using quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The results of the study obtained the application of the PBL Go-In model consisting of 7 stages, namely, presentation of problem situations, investigation and exploration, formulation of tasks, learning activities, analysis of progress, presentation, and assessment. The results of the analysis suggest that there are differences in the level of competency of students before and after the PBL Go-In method is implemented. The percentage of students passing minimum grade of 75 before treatment was 8.7%, and after treatment became 82.6%. Thus, it can be said that PBL Go-In learning model is potential to improve the students competence.
O latim humanista em Portugal
Authors: Bragança Júnior Álvaro Alfredo
Published: February 2020

Ao lado das cantigas trovadorescas, do teatro vicentino, dos últimos romances de cavalaria e de Luís de Camões destaca-se, entre os séculos XV e XVI, a literatura em língua latina dos humanistas portugueses. Ainda carecendo de mais estudos no cenário acadêmico brasileiro, neste artigo tenciona-se trazer à luz um poema em latim do humanista Diogo Pires, não apenas uma peça artística na língua do Lácio, mas também um elemento de denúncia social de uma época.
Getting RSE right for SEND students
Authors: Bates Adele
Published: February 2020

Relationships and sex education is statutory from September 2020 for all pupils, including those with SEND. Adele Bates advises schools on how to ensure this group does not miss out on these vital lessons
Subject-specific CPD
Authors: Cunningham Maria
Published: February 2020

The role of subject-specific CPD and curriculum development in effective teaching is vital. Maria Cunningham looks at some of the research and considers best practice approaches
Teaching exam classes
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: February 2020

Among the challenges of the NQT year will be taking on your first examination classes. Matt Bromley suggests approaches we might take to help students get good outcomes…
Tackling trauma and ACEs
Authors: Martindale Darren
Published: February 2020

Trauma and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have a huge impact on behaviour and learning. Darren Martindale advises how we can identify these problems and offer support
Housing associations diversifying into market renting: local contexts and (re)interpretation shaping strategic decision making
Authors: Clarke Julie , Kirk Rachel
Published: February 2020

Within the context of housing associations as fluid third sector hybrid organisations, this article examines the dynamics of strategic decision making in relation to diversification into the market rented sector. A convergence of factors shaped an agenda for associations to engage with such commercial activity, crystallising debates about opportunities versus tensions and the remit of organisations. Qualitative research with senior housing association professionals operating in northern England illustrates the significance of external local and internal organisational contexts in making and justifying decisions; this is highlighted within an emergent typology of organisational responses. Depending on interpretation, the interplay between social and financial justifications varied, including legitimising activity within a broader social purpose. The potential for (re)interpreting parameters illustrates the importance of understanding the variety and complexity of interacting dynamics that influence the strategic decisions of third sector hybrid organisations and what they deliver at the local level.
High dynamic range thermally actuated bimorph mirror for gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Cao Huy Tuong , Brooks Aidan , Ng Sebastian W. S. , Ottaway David , Perreca Antonio , Richardson Jonathan W. , Chaderjian Aria , Veitch Peter J.
Published: February 2020

Adaptive optics are crucial for overcoming the fabrication limits on mirror curvature in high-precision interferometry. We describe a low-cost thermally actuated bimorph mirror with 200 mD linear response, which meets dynamic range and low aberration requirements for the

A

+

upgrade of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Its deformation and operation limits were measured and verified against finite element simulation.
Backside absorbing layer microscopy: a universal relationship between physical thickness and reflectivity
Authors: Khachfe Refahi Abou , Ausserre Dominique
Published: February 2020

The Backside Absorbing Layer Microscopy (BALM) is a recently introduced surface imaging technique in reflected light with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and lateral resolution, hence very promising for the development of imaging sensors. This requires to turn BALM images into quantative analyte measurements. The usual way to analyze reflectivity is to compare the optical signal and a numerical model with many adjustable parameters. Here we demonstrate a universal relationship between the sample reflectivity and the physical thickness of the sample, ruled by three measurable quantities. Mapping the physical sample thickness becomes possible whatever the instrument setting and the sample refractive index. Application to kinetic measurements is discussed.
Hybrid OFDM receiver assisted by a variable frequency comb
Authors: Hu Huan , Radic Stojan
Published: February 2020

A physically assisted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver is described and characterized. In contrast to recent reports that utilize two physically distinct frequency combs with Verniered frequency pitch, the new receiver topology relies on a single frequency-toggled frequency comb. Dual-comb photonic front end was replaced by a single comb split into two switched paths to achieve spectral decomposition. To demonstrate new receiver operation, hybrid RF-photonic architecture for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) was constructed and used to decompose a wideband RF signal. The receiver demodulated a 4-QAM OFDM channel using 50 carriers from a single frequency comb. OFDM channel, spanning 3–7.9GHz RF band, was encoded using 100MHz-separated subcarriers. OFDM receiver performance was quantified by measuring its error vector magnitude (EVM).
Intensity dependence in nonsequential double ionization of helium
Authors: Chen Zhangjin , Wen Hua , Liu Fang , Morishita Toru , Zatsarinny Oleg , Bartschat Klaus
Published: February 2020

Using the quantitative rescattering model, we simulate the correlated two-electron momentum distributions for nonsequential double ionization of helium by 800 nm laser pulses at intensities in the range of (2 − 15) × 1014 W/cm2. The experimentally observed V-shaped structure at high intensities [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263003 (2007)10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.263003] is attributed to the strong forward scattering in laser-induced recollision excitation and the asymmetric momentum distribution of electrons that are tunneling-ionized from the excited states. The final-state electron repulsion also plays an important role in forming the V-shaped structure.
Photonic generation of tunable dual-chirp microwave waveforms using a dual-beam optically injected semiconductor laser
Authors: Zhou Pei , Chen Hao , Li Nianqiang , Zhang Renheng , Pan Shilong
Published: February 2020

An approach to generating dual-chirp microwave waveforms (DCMWs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme consists of a typical semiconductor slave laser (SL), which is subject to a dual-beam optical injection from two master lasers with one being positively detuned (

M
L

1

) and the other negatively detuned (

M
L

2

) from the SL. Under proper injection conditions, the SL operates in the so-called Scenario B of dual-beam injection. After optical-to-electrical conversion, a dual-frequency microwave signal can be generated with one of its two frequencies increasing linearly and the other decreasing linearly as the

M
L

1

injection strength is increased. By incorporating a fast injection strength controller (formed by an intensity modulator and an electrical control signal), a DCMW with a large time-bandwidth product can be generated. In the experimental demonstration, a DCMW with a temporal period of 1 µs has been obtained. This simultaneously offers an up-chirp (13.4–20.2 GHz) and a down-chirp (27.3–20.5 GHz), and its frequency tunability has been achieved by simply adjusting the injection parameters. Furthermore, the auto-ambiguity function of the generated DCMW has also been investigated, which proves that the proposed scheme has the ability to improve the range-velocity resolution and, thus, could be promising for use in radar systems.
Message from the incoming Editor-in-Chief: editorial
Authors: Kumar Prem
Published: February 2020

Incoming Editor-in-Chief, Prem Kumar, describes his vision for the Journal.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Biofertilizers Sources in the Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Plant show Interactions with Cultivars on Yield and Litter-bags Spectral Features
Authors: Volpato Silvia , Masoero Giorgio , Giovannetti Giusto , Nuti Marco
Published: February 2020

Four strains of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) biofertilizer fungi, combined with two potato cultivars, were in-field tested in a four-replicate arrangement in a factorial experiment. As far as general combinability is concerned, cv. Agria was more responsive to different inocula (yield +5.56%, P 0.02) and to two strains in particular (+8%). On the other hand, the results with Innovator, a cultivar that yields 33% less than Agria, showed a significant reduction in the number of tubers for three AM strains, thus proving a clear genetic Biofertilizer * Cultivar interaction. The study of hay litter-bags has shown a high NIR spectral fingerprint for the Cultivar factor (81%), while the Inoculation factor showed a higher spectral fingerprint in Agria (76%) than in Innovator (65%). The Substrate Induced Respiration predicted from the NIR-SCiO spectra of the litter-bags was significantly increased after inoculation (+6.3%, P 0.04), but appeared lower for Agria (-5.4%) vs. Innovator (P 0.05), with a non-significant interaction. The obtained results show that the adaptation of the AM strains to the genetics of potato cultivars is a first step toward reducing chemical inputs, with consequent benefits for the environment, but without an excessive reduction in yield. The litter-bag technique can therefore be recommended for a simplified monitoring of the complicated plant-mycorrhizosphere relationship.
Kualitas diet, kurang energi kronis (KEK), dan anemia pada pengantin wanita di Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Dieny Fillah Fithra , Jauharany Firdananda Fikri , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Tsani A Fahmy Arif , Rahadiyanti Ayu , Kurniawati Dewi Marfu’ah , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Pre-conception women are potential mothers or vulnerable groups who need special attention. The less of nutrients Intake than necessary can lead to nutritional problems such as Chronic Energy Deficiencyand nutritional anemia that have an impact on the next phase of life such as the risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight (LBW), babies stunting, and growth disruption and development of the fetus / baby during pregnancy or after that. Objective: To analyze the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition status with anemia in the bride.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 70 subjects who were brides aged 16-30 years. Selection of subjects with consecutive sampling method. Dietary quality data was measured through the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and Diet Quality Index - International (DQI-I) forms, SEZ status assessed from body mass index (BMI) and upper arm circumference (LiLA). Anemia status was measured from hemoglobin levels, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. To examine the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition, and anemia using a linear regression test.Results: The subject aged 16-30 years, and 41.4% are still <20 years old. A total of 10 subjects (14.3%) belonged to Chronic Energy Deficiency. Haemoglobin level measurements showed there were 8 subjects (11.4%) who had low Hb levels, and 4 of them had anemia with microcytic hypychromic type which was characterized by low MCV, MCH and MCHC values. Based on the calculation of intake was known that 55 subjects (78.6%) had a low quality diet. This study showed no relationship between diet quality and anemia, but the sub-components of diet quality were adequacy of protein intake (p = 0.007), iron intake (p = 0.009) and upper arm circumference (p = 0.018) indicating a significant relationship with anemia (hemoglobin level) in the bride. Conclusion: the less protein and iron intake and lower upper arm circumference associated with a decrease in the bride's hemoglobin level
Hubungan pola asuh dengan kejadian stunting balita dari keluarga miskin di Kota Palembang
Authors: Bella Febriani Dwi , Fajar Nur Alam , Misnaniarti Misnaniarti
Published: February 2020

Background: Nutritional problems do not always occur in poor families, in fact many of under five years in poor families in good nutritional status which have normal height (not stunting) based on the parenting in the family. The positive parenting in poor families are feeding habit, parenting habit, hygiene habit and health services habit. Objectives: This research aim to observe the parenting of feeding habits, parenting habits, hygiene habits and health services habits on the incidence of toddler’s stunting on poor families in the city of Palembang.Methods: This research was an observational study which using a quantitative approach with a Cross Sectional Study design. It took 100 mothers who have children aged 24-59 months from poor families in the city of Palembang were chosen by proportional random sampling.Data taken regarding feeding habits, parenting habits, hygiene habits, and health services habits obtained through questionnaires, and the incidence of child stunting obtained from measurements of children's height using a toddler's height measurement tool. Data analysis to observe the relationship between variables using the Chi-Square test.Results: The results showed the proportion of toddler stunting in poor families in the city of Palembang was 29%. There was a significant correlation between feeding habits (p-value = 0.000); parenting habits (p-value = 0.001; hygiene habits (p-value = 0.021) and health services habits (p-value = 0.000) on the incidence of toddler’s stunting.Conclusion: Normal height (not stunting) toddlers have positive deviance of feeding habits, parenting habits, hygiene habits and health services habits better than stunting under five years with same economic backgrounds family
Efek konsumsi yoghurt probiotik terhadap kadar low density lipoprotein pada penyandang diabetes mellitus tipe 2
Authors: Yuliani Kartika , Kertia Nyoman , Lestari Lily Arsanti
Published: February 2020

Background : As one of important markers of cardiovascular complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, low density lipoprotein (LDL) shall be maintained to be in normal range. Based on previous research, consumption of probiotic yogurt contains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis is presumed can improve LDL in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but the scientific evidence is still few.Objectives: To investigate the effect of probiotic yogurt on LDL in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: This study was double blinded randomized controlled trial which was conducted on 32 patientss with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups and given 4 weeks intervention. Subjects in control group were given conventional yogurt while subjects in intervention group were given probiotic yogurt contains L. acidophilus LA5 and B. animalis subsp. Lactis Bb12. Food intake data was collected 4 times using 24-hour recall method during intervention period. LDL of subjects was measured before and after intervention.Results: There was no significant difference between LDL before and after intervention in control group (128 – 148.5 mg/dL) and intervention group (130 – 120.5 mg/dL). Meanwhile, LDL after intervention in control group and intervention group were significantly different (p<0.05). LDL between energy and macronutrients intake categories were not significantly different.Conclusion: Probiotic yogurt has a better LDL reduction effect in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than conventional yogurt, although the reduction is not significant.
WPROWADZENIE
Authors: Joanna Rokita-Jaśkow  , Melanie Ellis
Published: February 2020

Ewaluacja jest warunkiem sine qua non każdego procesu dydaktycznego. Dostarcza ona informacji zwrotnej o skuteczności nauczania oraz uczenia się i umożliwia wprowadzenie ewentualnych modyfikacji. Ewaluacji często dokonujemy w sposób retrospektywny, badając, czy określone cele kształcenia zostały osiągnięte. Podlegają jej również stosowane narzędzia pomiaru, wykorzystywane techniki i materiały, a nawet zachowanie egzaminatora/nauczyciela w sytuacji egzaminacyjnej lub w klasie, np. w trakcie poprawiania błędów. Wszystkie te elementy wpływają na ostateczny kształt kursu językowego, a w konsekwencji na osiągnięcia ucznia. Artykuły zebrane w niniejszym tomie dotyczą szeroko pojmowanej ewaluacji elementów procesu nauczania, odwołując się do anglosaskiego rozróżnienia terminów ewaluacja (ang. evaluation) i ocenianie (ang. assessment), w którym to termin pierwszy jest pojęciem szerszym i zawiera również ocenę postępów ucznia.
OKULÖNCESİ EĞİTİM KURUMLARININ YÖNETİCİLERİNİN BİLGİSAYARLI EĞİTİM HARKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜVEN Yıldız , ŞAHİN Fatma
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed to establish the usage and the value of microcomputers as an educational tool in preschools getting the views of administers. 87 administrators were sampled from prschools located in the city of İstanbul. The results showed that 87.06% of administrators indicated the computers as very nessesaıy tools for teaching while 12.93 % found them unnessesary or not very nessesary. Only 2.29% of administrators saw their schools well equiped and 35.64% quite equiped in terms of Computer technology and prograıns. The reasons why the rest of them can not itse computers in their schools were asked and they mostly indicated the financial problems as causes. The amount of time given to children per day for Computer based education was differd according to the age of children. For instance: \vhile 74.42% of smalI-groupwas used computers mostly 5-10 min. per day; 68.00% of middle - group and 71.42% of elder group were used approximately 15- 30 min. per day. The way of working with computers of children indepently or under supervision of an adult was asked to the administrators. The ansvers were as shovm; only 18.51% of small group, 25.64% of middle-group and 35.72% of elder- group vere let to study independentl. The location of computers in preschools vere as follovs; 11% of vere in administrators’ offıce, 21%> of them vere in the classes and 50% vere in special Computer rooms.
DAĞITIM KANALLARINDA KONTROL UYGULAMALARI VE KONTROL-PERFORMANS İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: PİRTİNİ Serdar
Published: February 2020

A distribution channel can be defined as an array of exchange relationships that create cııstomer value in the consumption of products and Services. This defınition implies that exchange relationships emerge from market needs. The distributioıı channel whiclı consists of exchange partners may also be considered as a social system. In these sense exchange partners must negotiate with one another to determine who will control key channel resources.
KAMUSAL BİR BASKI GRUBU OLARAK TÜRK BÜROKRASİSİ
Authors: ALKAN Haluk , YILMAZ Nail
Published: February 2020

The main of this paper is determine the basic framework of evoluiion of Turkish Republic Bureaucracy under the light of Group Theory. in this study, first of ali, it is mentioned about specifıcations bureaucracy in the framework of opinions of M. Weber, A. Bentiy, C. Lindblom, M. Olsotı, G. Almond and B. Powell, as a group. After that, the evoluation of Turkish Republic Bureaucracy was examined and taken up from foundation of Turkish Republic to preseni under the four headlines.
The Effectiveness of the Low-Level Laser, Antibiotic and Surgical Therapy in the Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Case Report
Authors: Del Pilar Rodríguez-Sánchez Maria , Statkievicz Cristian , de Mello-Neto João Martins , Toro Luan Felipe , Bassi Ana Paula Farnezzi , Garcia Valdir Gouveia , Theodoro Letícia Helena , Ervolino Edilson
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Bisphosphonates consist of a range of drugs used in the treatment of osteopathy or some osteotropic malignancies. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse consequence of their use. Conventional treatment is not always effective, so it is necessary to resort to the use of adjuvant therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the association of surgery, antibiotic therapy and low-level laser (LLL) therapy as a treatment strategy for MRONJ through the presentation of a clinical case. Case Presentation: A 49-year-old female patient presented for the diagnosis and treatment of bone lesions in the maxillae. The patient reported that she had used zoledronate for 1 year. Five years later there were 2 painless bone lesions on both sides of the maxilla, following the extraction of the first upper molars. Clinical, tomographic and histopathologic examination established the diagnosis of MRONJ. The treatment consisted of the curettage of the necrotic bone, antibiotic and thirteen LLL therapy sessions. Integral mucosal healing was observed after a two-month follow-up and no symptoms were detected. The patient was evaluated at 6 and 12 postoperative months without complications. Conclusion: The combination of surgery, antibiotic therapy, and LLL therapy has shown to be effective in the treatment of MRONJ.
Effect of Hip Joint Position on Electromyographic Activity of the Individual Hamstring Muscles During Stiff-Leg Deadlift
Authors: Kawama Raki , Takahashi Katsuki , Wakahara Taku
Published: February 2020

Kawama, R, Takahashi, K, and Wakahara, T. Effect of hip joint position on electromyographic activity of the individual hamstring muscles during stiff-leg deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S38–S43, 2021—This study investigated the effect of hip joint position on the activity level of individual hamstring muscles during stiff-leg deadlift. Fourteen male collegiate sprinters performed stiff-leg deadlift in the adducted (ADD), neutral (NT), abducted (ABD), internally rotated by 20° (IN20), and externally rotated positions by 20° (EX20) and by 40° (EX40) of the hip joint. Surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from the proximal and distal regions of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM). Root mean square value of EMG (RMS-EMG) data were calculated for the concentric and eccentric phases of deadlift and was normalized by RMS-EMG during maximal voluntary contraction of isometric knee flexion as an activity level. Results revealed that the activity level of BFlh during the concentric phase was higher in EX20 (p = 0.008, difference = 6.3%) and EX40 (p = 0.001, difference = 9.4%) than in NT. Semimembranosus showed a higher activity level in IN20 than in EX40 during the concentric (p = 0.004, difference = 4.3%) and eccentric phases (p = 0.023, difference = 4.1%). In addition, the activity level was higher in ABD than in NT for BFlh (p = 0.015, difference = 4.6%), ST (p = 0.047, difference = 3.8%), and SM (p = 0.005, difference = 3.9%) during the concentric phase of deadlift. In conclusion, the deadlift in the hip-abducted position requires high activation of the individual hamstrings and that in the hip externally and internally rotated positions needs high activation of BFlh and SM, respectively.
The Effect of Static Stretching Duration on Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation
Authors: Matsuo Hideaki , Kubota Masafumi , Shimada Seiichiro , Kitade Ippei , Matsumura Mayumi , Nonoyama Tadayoshi , Koie Yusuke , Naruse Hiroaki , Takahashi Ai , Oki Hisashi , Kokubo Yasuo , Matsumine Akihiko
Published: February 2020

Matsuo, H, Kubota, M, Shimada, S, Kitade, I, Matsumura, M, Nonoyama, T, Koie, Y, Naruse, H, Takahashi, A, Oki, H, Kokubo, Y, and Matsumine, A. The effect of static stretching duration on muscle blood volume and oxygenation. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 379–385, 2022—Muscle blood volume increases due to stretching; however, the minimum duration of stretching to sustainably increase the muscle blood volume after stretching has not yet been elucidated. This study examined whether the duration of static stretching influenced the muscle blood volume and oxygenation. Ten healthy male subjects participated in this controlled laboratory study. Static stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle was performed for 5 durations (20 seconds, and 1, 2, 5, and 10 minutes). Changes in both the total-Hb (ΔtHb), as an index of blood volume, and tissue oxygenation index (ΔTOI) from baseline were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Both the ΔtHb and ΔTOI decreased during stretching and increased after stretching. The minimum value of ΔtHb during stretching did not differ in each of the 5 durations, but minimum ΔTOI progressively decreased with longer durations of stretching. The peak value of ΔtHb after stretching increased with longer durations of stretching. The value of ΔtHb at 5 minutes after the end of stretching increased with more than 2 minutes of stretching compared with 20 seconds of stretching, although the value of ΔtHb did not significantly differ between the 2, 5, and 10 minutes' durations. These findings suggest that a longer duration of stretching elicits a decrease in muscle oxygenation during stretching, and an increase in both the muscle blood volume and oxygenation after stretching. The results indicated that the minimum duration of stretching to sustain an increase in the muscle blood volume after stretching is 2 minutes.