bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency generation in all-dielectric metasurface
Authors: Sharma Shubhanshi , Singhal Sridhar , Kumari Rashmi , Lahiri Basudev , Varshney Shailendra K.
Published: January 2023

We report dual EIT in a symmetric split-ring resonator in near-IR for varying incident angles. The metasurface supports TD and quasi-BIC MQ resonances with high Q resonance of 780 and 560 at 2º incident angle.
Incident angle dependent perfect absorber in MWIR range
Authors: Dambare Shantanu , Sharma Shubhanshi , Varshney Shailendra K.
Published: January 2023

We have reported polarization dependent narrow bandwidth near unity perfect absorption in Tantalum Pentoxide (Ta2O5) coupled grating metasurface in MWIR range (3-5 µm). It can be useful in IR- camouflage, sensors, and spatial light modulators.
Simultaneous Implementation of Antireflection and Antitransmission Through Multipolar Interference in Plasmonic Metasurfaces and Applications in Optical Absorbers and Broadband Polarizers
Authors: Zhang Jihua , Wei Ran , Guo Chunlei
Published: January 2023

We propose and demonstrate a multipolar plasmonic metasurface that can simultaneously realize antireflection (AR) and antitransmission (AT) in the visible and near-infrared regions. The AR and AT arise from destructive multipolar interferences in the backward and forward directions, respectively, i.e., through the generalized Kerker effect.
Proposal for a complete 3D surface reconstruction using images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Authors: Beb Mayra Yucely , Dembélé Sounkalo , Bekel Akkiz , Jouffroy-Bapicot Isabelle , Thibaud Sébastien , Piat Nadine , Lehmann Olivier , Rauch Jean-Yves , Rougeot Patrick , Lebas Louis-Marie , Langlois Cyril , Roiban Lucian , Fellah Clémentine , Cuny Gilles , Masenelli-Varlot Karine
Published: January 2023

A three-dimensional model enables the development of accurate solutions to have more information about the thickness, texture, and characteristics of small-size samples for education and metrology applications. This project proposes an idea to obtain a complete 3D surface reconstruction using the application of Pollen 3D for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images with high magnification. The main objective is to have a set of images of the complete 360° rotation of the sample with a robot inside the chamber of the SEM. Simulation SEM images with Blender (open source application) are proposed for results validation.
Optical Correlation of 1D Time-Domain Signals Through a Spectrogram Time-Space Transform
Authors: Gamboa Julian , Hamidfar Tabassom , Shen Xi , Shahriar Selim M.
Published: January 2023

We show the feasibility of efficiently performing optical cross-correlations of 1D time-domain signals by transforming them into 2D signals through their spectrograms. The resulting images are compatible with current spatial light modulator resolutions.
Single-pixel Imaging with Full Wavefront Reconstruction via Homodyne Detection
Authors: Gabaldon Charris , Cuozzo Savannah L. , Barge Pratik J. , Niu Ziqi , Lee Hwang , Cohen Lior , Novikova Irina , Mikhailov Eugeniy E.
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate the spatial transmission (amplitude and phase) map reconstructions of semi-transparent objects without a camera by recording interference traces of transmitted probe beams and structured references. No prior object information is needed for reconstruction.
Control of Orientation and Entanglement of Macroscopic Magnetization Using a Single Atom
Authors: Li Jinyang , da Silva Gregório R. M. , Kain Schuyler , Shahriar Selim M.
Published: January 2023

We propose a technique that can control the macroscopic magnetization of an ensemble of atoms with a single atom. This technique can also be used for entangling two ensembles of atoms at a long distance.
Quantum communication with SU(2) invariant separable polarisation-OAM states of light
Authors: Asthana Sooryansh , Bala Rajni , Ravishankar V.
Published: January 2023

We propose a protocol for remote transfers of information using SU (2)-invariant 2 × N separable states, identified as separable equivalents of the two-qubit entangled Werner states in [Bharath & Ravishankar, Phys. Rev. A 89, 062110]. They can be experimentally realised as incoherent superpositions of separable polarisation-OAM states.
Isolation of Thermal/Electro-Optic Modulation Effects in Silicon Photonic Modulators
Authors: Yovanovich Alexander G. , Preble Stefan F.
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a technique for decoupling thermal and electro-optic refractive index modulating effects in an on-chip traveling wave P-N depletion-based Mach-Zehnder modulator. Such a technique enables enhanced design validation for silicon photonic modulators.
Optimization of SERS Sensor Employing Gold Nanoparticles Formed by Rapid Thermal Annealing of Ultrathin Gold Film
Authors: Datta Shreyan , Miao Xianglong , Liu Peter Qiang
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate SERS sensors utilizing gold nanoparticles formed on quartz substrates by rapid thermal annealing of extremely thin gold films. Our sensors achieved highly sensitive detection of self-assembled monolayer of BPT molecules.
Non-null interferometric surface figure testing beyond the detector pixel MTF cutoff spatial frequency limit
Authors: Larrategui Martin Tangari , Ellis Jonathan D. , Brown Thomas G.
Published: January 2023

We report a non-null interferometric surface figure measurement of a spherical mirror with slope departure angles mapping to interferogram spatial frequencies larger than the cutoff spatial frequency limit of a full-fill detector with 4.6 µm-pixels.
Study of microwave field sensing with four-photon excitation to the Rydberg state
Authors: Garain Sujit , Firdoshi Tanim , Mohapatra Ashok K.
Published: January 2023

The study focuses on microwave field sensing using four-photon excitation to the rydberg state. The detected microwave field sensitivity of 55 nV cm-1Hz1/2 can be achieved using suitable laser parameters and eliminating the motion-induced dephasing.
Observation of Dispersion Cancellation and Inversion in the Anomalous and Normal GVD Regimes
Authors: Hall Layton A. , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: January 2023

We observe for the first t ime g roup-velocity d ispersion ( GVD) i nversion and cancellation in both the normal and anomalous GVD regimes while using space-time wave packets that are endowed with non-differentiable angular dispersion.
Layered Terahertz Crystal Structures for Improved Terahertz Output
Authors: Ludlow Daisy J. , Alejandro Aldair , Petersen Paige K. , Green Natalie K. , Holland Kayla M. , N’diaye Fatoumata , Manwaring Tanner , Michaelis David J. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: January 2023

We have improved the THz output and damage threshold of yellow organic THz generation crystals by fusing them to sapphire and using liquid crystals as index matching fluid to reduce reflective losses.
Dual-Comb Ranging Using Low-Repetition-Rate Gain-Switched Semiconductor Lasers
Authors: Quevedo-Galán C. , López-Querol P. , Sentre-Arribas E. , Pérez-Serrano A. , Tijero J.M.G. , Esquivias I.
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a distance measurement system based on two gain-switched optical frequency combs which improves the ambiguity distance of these systems by using low repetition rates (100 MHz to 5 MHz).
Brillouin-Stokes Pumped Kerr Optical Combs in a Silica Microsphere at 2 µm
Authors: Pathak Kanad , Pant Ravi
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate an intracavity pumped 2µm Kerr frequency comb in a silica microsphere. A 174 mW CW pump is used to create Brillouin Stokes signal, which generated a 168 nm comb in the backward direction.
Inverse method for superoscillatory focusing
Authors: Komis Ioannis , Brimis Apostolos , Papazoglou Dimitrios G. , Makris Konstantinos G.
Published: January 2023

We provide an inverse method for constructing a superoscillatory optical mask for subwavelength focusing. Our approach is based on superoscillatory superpositions of paraxial Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams, by imposing subwavelength features.
A strong correlation between power and spectrum bandwidth in a supercontinuum based on monolayer graphene
Authors: Castrillón Sergio , H. Andrea Ospina , Martínez-Suárez Daniel H. , Botía Javier F. , Zapata J. D.
Published: January 2023

We generate polarization depending on supercontinuum with an erbium-doped fiber laser based on monolayer graphene. The strong correlation between power and spectrum bandwidth was calculated with -0.827925 and a Spearman’s correlation of -0.808402.
Enhancement of the Temperature Sensitivity of a Core-Offset Fiber Sensor Using a Polymer
Authors: Martinez-Ramirez Laura Giselle , Marrujo-García Sigifredo , Hernández-Romano Iván , Fernandez-Jaramillo Arturo Alfonso , Sierra-Hernandez Juan M.
Published: January 2023

The enhancement of the temperature sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer coated with polymer based on core-offset technique was experimentally demonstrated. The measured amplification of sensitivity was found to be approximately three times.
Band dynamics of resonant optical lattices
Authors: Razmjooei Nasrin , Magnusson Robert
Published: January 2023

We address the band dynamics of one-dimensional photonic lattices. The lattices are composed of Si3N4 sublayers with glass substrates and photoresist gratings. The band transition under fill-factor variation is accomplished experimentally.
Nonreciprocal Light Guidance in T-symmetric Waveguides Exhibiting Conjugate Exceptional Points
Authors: Laha Arnab , Varshney R. K. , Ghosh Somnath
Published: January 2023

We report the correlated characteristics of enhanced nonreciprocal light guidance with chirality-drove asymmetric mode conversions in two complementary waveguides with T-symmetric gain-loss profiles, which individually host two dynamically encircled conjugate exceptional points (EPs).
Simulation of an EOT Based Flexible Plasmonic Metagrating Embedded with Au-MNSAs for Temperature Sensing in NIR Communication Band
Authors: Verma Sagar Kumar , Srivastava Sachin Kumar
Published: January 2023

Simulation of extra-ordinary transmission from 1D-plasmonic metagrating was performed for optical communication band in near infrared spectral range. Optimal metasurfaces could achieve spectral-sensitivity of 0.494 nm/ 0C and figure of merit (FOM) of 0.221/ 0C.
How to improve quality of reconstruction from phase retrieval iterative algorithm
Authors: Gautam Surya Kumar , Naik Dinesh N
Published: January 2023

In this study, few key points are discussed to obtain good quality reconstruction from a phase retrieval iterative algorithm (PRA).
Deep Learning Approach to Estimate Interchannel Interference in gridless Nyquist-WDM Systems
Authors: Puentes Natalia Pérez , Pérez Alejandro Escobar , Torres Jhon James Granada
Published: January 2023

We propose an ensemble of deep learning models to estimate the level of interchannel interference in a 3×32-Gbaud 16-QAM gridless Nyquist-WDM system. Results showed mean-absolute-error up to 0.406GHz for transmission over 270km including overlapped channels.
1D CNN Empowered Speckle-based non-line-of-sight Communication using Hermite-Gaussian modes
Authors: Badavath Purnesh Singh , Kumar Vijay
Published: January 2023

The experimental proof-of-concept for 1-D CNN empowered speckle-based non-line-of-sight communication using Hermite-Gaussian modes is presented and achieved an average classification accuracy >96%. © 2022 The Author(s)
Dither-free polarization insensitive optical phase conjugate generation in Al-doped HNLF
Authors: Sobhanan Aneesh , Gordienko Vladimir , Gaur Chandra B , Ellis Andrew
Published: January 2023

A dither-free polarization insensitive optical phase conjugate is generated in Al-doped HNLF with two orthogonally polarized pumps of 2 W each. Approximately 15nm OPC wavelength tunability is obtained with a conversion efficiency > -5 dB.
Ultrafast Charge Transfer Mediated Large Optical Nonlinearity in VS2/rGO Hybrid
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Rout Chandra S. , Adarsh K.V.
Published: January 2023

We report the nonlinear optical response in VS2/rGO hybrid experimentally and theoretically in the strongly coupled regime for their potential application in optical limiting. The enhanced nonlinear response from hybrid is attributed to charge transfer.
Numerical Analysis of Damage Due To Photo-thermal Interaction of Skin
Authors: katmi Ghazi , Awad Ola
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this work is to study the thermal damage of tissue by mathematical models. A three layered tissue structure is modeled using the software package COMSOL Multiphysics. The irradiation of the laser beam is modeled as a Gaussian beam, the effects of laser irradiation time, wavelength, laser intensity, laser beam radius on temperature distribution, during laser irradiation are systematically investigated.
Multifunctional Spin-decoupled Metadevices for Efficient Light Manipulation
Authors: Rind Yousaf Murtaza , Mahmood Nasir , Tauqeer Tauseef , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia
Published: January 2023

A multifunctional all-dielectric meta-device is presented that employs spin decoupling to integrate and exhibit multiple phenomena via a single-layered nanostructure. We implement the interleaving strategy to further enhance the multifunctional capability of the proposed metasurface.
High Focusing Efficiency with High NA Broadband Metalens by Inverse Design with Topology Optimization
Authors: Maher Abdullah , Othman Muhammad A. , Swillam Mohamed A.
Published: January 2023

Invers design with topology optimization becomes one of the most promising methodologies in optical elements design because of its ability of achieving design targets that's the traditional design can't achieve it. In this paper we present one of these challenge by designing high focusing efficiency metalens with high numerical aperture along broadband of wavelength.
Scattering of Light Waves from a Collection of Particles with ℒ Types
Authors: Ding Yi
Published: January 2023

A new approach to light scattering from a collection of particles with ℒ types is developed. We show that all the second-order statistical properties of the scattered field can be determined from two ℒ × ℒ matrices.
Theoretical exploration of sensitive terahertz detection by cascaded difference-frequency generation
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Shi Chenxu , Wang Kaiwu , Chen Xinghai , Zhang Hongtao , Chen Zhiliang , Yuan Sheng , Bing Pibin , Yao Jianquan
Published: January 2023

Nonlinear optical frequency conversion technologies, including the optical parametric process and difference-frequency and sum-frequency processes, have demonstrated good performance for terahertz (THz) wave detection. The quantum efficiencies of the above technologies cannot break through the Manley–Rowe limit. In this work, we present a novel scheme for THz wave detection based on cascaded difference-frequency generation in combination with optical parametric oscillations. By superimposing a weak THz wave and an intense pump wave in an aperiodic periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, a series of Stokes waves and a series of anti-Stokes waves are generated. The Stokes waves oscillating in a resonant cavity are transferred to high-order Stokes waves continuously and repeatedly. The high-sensitivity THz wave detector is realized by measuring the intensities of the Stokes waves or the enlarged THz wave. This research enables a comprehensive understanding of the physics of the cascading second-order nonlinear detection and provides a worthy reference for subsequent experimental design.
Three-dimensional photonic topological insulator induced by lattice dislocations
Authors: Lustig Eran , Maczewsky Lukas J. , Beck Julius , Biesenthal Tobias , Heinrich Matthias , Yang Zhaoju , Plotnik Yonatan , Szameit Alexander , Segev Mordechai
Published: January 2023

We experimentally demonstrate three-dimensional photonic topological insulators induced by lattice dislocations. We observe topological protected surface states, as well as light propagating unidirectionally along a screw dislocation.
Attosecond Quantum Metrology via Highly Non-Degenerate Frequency-Entangled Photons
Authors: Lualdi Colin P. , Johnson Spencer J. , Meier Kristina A. , Kwiat Paul G.
Published: January 2023

We have demonstrated highly non-degenerate frequency-entangled two-photon interference. A timing resolution of 7.3 attoseconds was observed with only 24,000 coincidence detections. Our system enables fast, single-photon-level nanometer-scale measurements with loss, background, and dispersion tolerance.
Aperiodic Devices as a Platform for Nano- and Quantum Photonics
Authors: Trojak Oliver J. , Gorsky Sean , Sgrignuoli Fabrizio , Pinheiro Felipe A. , Song Jin Dong , Negro Luca Dal , Sapienza Luca
Published: January 2023

We show that aperiodic photonic devices in silicon nitride and gallium arsenide allow high quality light confinement at visible wavelengths (Q factors up to 2200) and cavity quantum electrodynamic experiments with InAs quantum dots, respectively.
Neural Network Design of Epsilon-Near-Zero Ultra-Broadband Perfect Absorbers
Authors: Dang David , Anopchenko Aleksei , Gurung Sudip , Liu Zoey , Zhou Xuguo , Lee Ho Wai Howard
Published: January 2023

We utilize a neural network algorithm to design ultrathin epsilon-near-zero multi-layer stack for perfect light absorption (greater than or equal to 99%) with bandwidth for more than 500 nm in the near-infrared region.
Scalable single-mode lasing from open-Dirac cavities
Authors: Contractor R. , Noh W. , Redjem W. , Qarony W. , Martin E. , Dhuey Scott , Schwartzberg Adam , Kante B.
Published: January 2023

We experimentally demonstrate Berkeley surface-emitting lasers (BerkSELs) from open-Dirac cavities. BerkSELs exploit symmetry-dependent scaling of losses in cavities with a linear dispersion and remain single-mode even as the cavity size increases.
High-resolution absorption measurements with free-electron lasers using ghost spectroscopy
Authors: Klein Yishai , Strizhevsky Edward , Capotondi Flavio , De Angelis Dario , Giannessi Luca , Pancaldi Matteo , Pedersoli Emanuele , Prince Kevin C. , Sefi Or , Kim Young Yong , Vartanyants Ivan A. , Shwartz Sharon
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a fast, simple, and high-resolution absorption spectroscopy approach for high photon energies with free-electron laser sources. The method fosters new possibilities for measurements of absorption spectra in complex samples especially for photo-induced phenomena.
Manipulation of continuous variable orbital angular momentum squeezing and entanglement by pump shaping
Authors: Li Zhi , Guo Xulian , Sun Hengxin , Liu Kui , Gao Jiangrui
Published: January 2023

Spatially structured quantum states, such as orbital angular momentum (OAM) squeezing and entanglement, is currently a popular topic in quantum optics. The method of generating and manipulating spatial quantum states on demand needs to be explored. In this paper, we generated OAM mode squeezed states of −5.4 dB for the

L

G
0

+
1

mode and −5.3 dB for the

L

G
0

−
1

mode directly by an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for the first time. Additionally, we demonstrated that the OAM mode squeezed and entangled states were respectively generated by manipulating the nonlinear process of the OPO by controlling the relative phase of two beams of different modes, thus making two different spatial multimode pump beams. We characterized the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) entangled states by indirectly measuring the squeezing for the

H

G

10
(

45

∘

)

mode and

H

G

10
(

135

∘

)

mode, and directly measuring the entanglement between the

L

G
0

+
1

and

L

G
0

−
1

modes. The effective manipulation of the OAM quantum state provides a novel insight into the continuous variable quantum state generation and construction on demand for high-dimensional quantum information and quantum metrology.
Single-shot generalized Hanbury Brown–Twiss experiments using a polarization camera for target intensity reconstruction in scattering media
Authors: Yoneda Naru , Quan Xiangyu , Matoba Osamu
Published: January 2023

To see through a random light field in real-time, single-shot generalized Hanbury Brown–Twiss experiments using a polarization camera are proposed. The target intensity distribution is obtained from a complex coherence function which is calculated from auto-correlation and cross correlation functions of phase-shifted speckle intensity distributions. The phase-shifted speckle intensity distributions are simultaneously obtained through a strategy of parallel phase-shifting digital holography. Experimental results show that the proposed method can image a moving object in a random light field using a measured complex coherence function through the van Cittert–Zernike theorem.
Analysis and improvement of dynamic range in a time-division-multiplexing interferometric fiber-optic sensor array
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhang Min , Yi Duo , He Xiangge , Zhou Xian
Published: January 2023

Dynamic range, the ratio of maximum detectable amplitude, and the noise level, are of great importance in characterizing the performance of an interferometric fiber-optic sensor (IFOS). Here we analyze the dependence of dynamic range on carrier frequency and repetition frequency in a time-division-multiplexing (TDM) IFOS array using a heterodyne detection scheme. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, demodulation method with higher carrier frequency and an upgraded algorithm is proposed to improve the dynamic range. In the simulation and experiment, the carrier frequency was increased from 50 kHz to 20 MHz, and the demodulation method was adjusted correspondingly. The maximum detectable phase amplitude is elevated by more than 6 dB as the theoretical expectation, and the demodulated noise floor is proven to be barely influenced, holding at ∼−100 dB ref rad/

H
z

. Experimental results demonstrate that the average dynamic range over 10 Hz to 20 kHz is enhanced by approximately 10.5 dB. The analysis and optimization presented here provide an effective solution to improve the dynamic range of TDM IFOS without any hardware change, which is promising in various applications.
Asymmetry spin-polarization Fermi arc and topological chiral beam splitter with the triply degenerate point in metamaterial
Authors: Zhongfu Li , Chan Hsun-Chi , Xu ShiXiang , Xiang YuanJiang
Published: January 2023

Dirac points (DPs) and Weyl points (WPs) have received much attention in photonic crystals (PhCs) and three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials research due to the robust surface states and Fermi arcs. In this work, two pairs of triply degenerate points (TDPs) have been proposed in a 3D metamaterial by breaking the time reversal symmetry (

T

) with an external magnetic field. Based on these TDPs, two pairs of asymmetric surface states with spin-polarization are revealed, and a topological chiral beam splitter is demonstrated showing the different propagating directions of the right-handed polarization (RCP) and left-handed polarization (LCP) lights. Remarkably, we can achieve unidirectional propagation with RCP or LCP even excited by a linear source owing to the asymmetry surface state. Our work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, platform to study spin-polarization surface states and the enhanced spin photonic Hall effect in the metamaterials.
Sexual selection in females and the evolution of polyandry
Authors: Fromonteil Salomé , Marie-Orleach Lucas , Winkler Lennart , Janicke Tim
Published: January 2023

Over the last decades, the field of sexual selection underwent a paradigm shift from sexual-stereotype thinking of “eager” males and “coy” females towards a more nuanced perspective acknowledging that not only males but also females can benefit from multiple mating and compete for mating partners. Yet, sexual selection in females is still considered a peculiarity, and the evolution of polyandry is often viewed to result from a higher mating interest of males. Here, we present meta-analytic evidence from 77 species across a broad range of animal taxa to demonstrate that female reproductive success is overall positively correlated with mating success, suggesting that females typically benefit from multiple mating. Importantly, we found that these fitness gains likely promote the evolution of polyandry. Our findings offer support for the idea that sexual selection is widespread in females and to play a key role for the evolution of animal mating systems. Thereby, our results extend our understanding of the evolutionary consequences of sexual reproduction and contribute to a more balanced view of how sexual selection operates in males and females.
Spikebench: An open benchmark for spike train time-series classification
Authors: Lazarevich Ivan , Prokin Ilya , Gutkin Boris , Kazantsev Victor
Published: January 2023

Modern well-performing approaches to neural decoding are based on machine learning models such as decision tree ensembles and deep neural networks. The wide range of algorithms that can be utilized to learn from neural spike trains, which are essentially time-series data, results in the need for diverse and challenging benchmarks for neural decoding, similar to the ones in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing. In this work, we propose a spike train classification benchmark, based on open-access neural activity datasets and consisting of several learning tasks such as stimulus type classification, animal’s behavioral state prediction, and neuron type identification. We demonstrate that an approach based on hand-crafted time-series feature engineering establishes a strong baseline performing on par with state-of-the-art deep learning-based models for neural decoding. We release the code allowing to reproduce the reported results.
Community characteristics and the risk of non-communicable diseases in Ghana
Authors: Avogo Winfred A.
Published: January 2023

Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are rising quickly in low- and middle- income countries. In Ghana, chronic diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality, yet data and the evidence- base for awareness, detection, and management of NCDs are lacking. Using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS), the first national study with information on hypertension and other risk factors, we examine the correlates and community characteristics associated with the risk of hypertension, obesity, and anemia among women. We find that hypertension prevalence in Ghana was 16 percent and 17 percent were overweight/obese, while 41 percent had anemia of any form. On community characteristics, the level of poverty in a community was significantly associated with lower risks of all three NCDs, while the aggregate level of employment had higher risks. On individual characteristics, the wealth of a household, women’s educational level and urban residence were significant predictors of NCDs. We interpret the findings within the literature on neighborhood characteristics, the social gradient of health and in the context of speeding up the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDS) to reduce premature deaths by one-third by 2030.
TBK1 and IRF3 are potential therapeutic targets in Enterovirus A71-associated diseases
Authors: Ji Wangquan , Sun Tiantian , Li Dong , Chen Shuaiyin , Yang Haiyan , Jin Yuefei , Duan Guangcai
Published: January 2023

Background

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is an important causative agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) associated with enormous healthcare and socioeconomic burden. Although a range of studies about EV-A71 pathogenesis have been well described, the underlying molecular mechanism in terms of innate immune response is still not fully understood, especially the roles of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).

Methodology/principal findings

Here, we applied TBK1 inhibitor and IRF3 agonist, for the first time, to evaluate the antiviral activities of TBK1 and IRF3 in vivo. We found that, through regulating EV-A71-induced type I interferon (IFN) response, IRF3 agonist effectively alleviated EV-A71-induced illness, while TBK1 inhibitor aggravated disease progression. In addition, EV-A71 replication was suppressed in EVA-71-infected mice administrated with IRF3 agonist. On the other hand, more severe pathological alterations of neuronal degeneration, muscle fiber breaks, fractured or fused alveolar walls, and diffuse congestion occurred in EVA-71-infected mice treated with TBK1 inhibitor administration. Furthermore, we determined the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and IL-10 in both lungs and brains of mice and found that TBK1 inhibitor promoted EV-A71-induced inflammatory response, while IRF3 agonist alleviated it, which was consistent with clinical manifestations and pathological alterations.

Conclusions

Collectively, our findings suggest that TBK1 and IRF3 are potential therapeutic targets in EV-A71-induced illness.
Performance and characterization of phenol-formaldehyde resin with crude bio-oil by model compound method
Authors: Yu Yuxiang , Qiu Xiaoqian , Li Chao , Bao Defu , Chang Jianmin
Published: January 2023

In order to clarify the effects of crude bio-oil for phenol-formaldehyde resin, the phenol-formaldehyde resin with bio-oil model compounds (BMPF) were prepared by model compound method. The bonding strength and aging resistance of BMPF were determined, and their microstructure and chemical bonds were also analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, respectively. The results showed that the components of crude bio-oil had various degrees of effects on the BMPF performance, and the most obvious one is the phenols. The phenols and the ketones of bio-oil had positive effects on the bonding strength. The ketones had the biggest effect on the surface smoothness of BMPF film. But all components of bio-oil could inordinately improve the aging resistance of BMPF. The structural analysis indicated that the effects of bio-oil components on the BMPF performance by changing the resin structure. The CH2 peak in FT-IR and the methylene bridges intensity in NMR of phenol-free BMPF and ketone-free BMPF were smaller, while the results of aldehyde-free BMPF and acid-free BMPF were opposite. And the influence degree of BMPF structure was basically consistent with that of BMPF performance. These results could provide a basis for the modification of phenol-formaldehyde resin by crude bio-oil.
Risk factors and microbiological features of recurrent Escherichia coli bloodstream infections
Authors: Kim Yong Chan , Choi Heun , Kim Young Ah , Park Yoon Soo , Seo Young Hee , Lee Hyukmin , Lee Kyungwon
Published: January 2023

Understanding the risk factors and microbiological features in recurrent Escherichia coli BSI is helpful for clinicians. Data of patients with E. coil BSI from 2017 to 2018 were collected. Antimicrobial resistance rates of E. coli were determined. We also identified the ST131 and ESBL genotype to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of E. coli. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on the available ESBL-producing E. coli samples. Of 808 patients with E. coli BSI, 57 (6.31%) experienced recurrence; 29 developed at 4–30 days after initial BSI (early onset recurrence) and 28 at 31–270 days after initial BSI (late onset recurrence). One hundred forty-nine patients with single episode, whose samples were available for determining the molecular epidemiology, were selected for comparison. Vascular catheterization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.588; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.049–20.068), ESBL phenotype (aOR, 2.037; 95% CI, 1.037–3.999) and SOFA score ≥9 (aOR, 3.210; 95% CI, 1.359–7.581) were independent risk factors for recurrence. The proportion of ST131 and ESBL genotype was highest in early onset recurrent BSI (41.4% and 41.4%, respectively), from which E. coil had the highest resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents. Whole genome sequencing on 27 of ESBL-producing E. coli (11 from single episode, 11 from early onset recurrence, and 5 from late onset recurrence) demonstrated that various virulence factors, resistant genes, and plasmid types existed in isolates from all types of BSI. Risk factors contributing to the recurrence and microbiological features of E. coli causing recurrent BSI may be helpful for management planning in the clinical setting.
Survey Mode Effects in a Developing Country
Authors: Lupu Noam , Wolsky Adam
Published: January 2023

Responses to phone surveys tend to exhibit higher rates of social desirability bias and extreme responses when compared to face-to-face surveys. Yet, studies of mode effects typically compare either representative studies that implausibly assume comparability or experimental studies that rely on convenience samples. Our study compares two national probability samples but uses matching to address comparability. We study Costa Rica, a middle-income democracy, to see whether the conventional wisdom drawn from Western Europe and North America extends to the Global South. We analyze two nationally representative surveys, one fielded by phone and one face-to-face, allowing us to compare identically worded items we placed on both surveys. We find that phone respondents exhibited more socially desirable responding and were more likely to choose negative endpoints on scalar items. This suggests that survey researchers and practitioners should carefully assess the tradeoffs in shifting modes or employing mixed modes.
A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms
Authors: Khairullah Aswin Rafif , Kurniawan Shendy Canadya , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Sudjarwo Sri Agus , Ramandinianto Sancaka Chasyer , Widodo Agus , Riwu Katty Hendriana Priscilia , Silaen Otto Sahat Martua , Rehman Saifur
Published: January 2023

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and is often associated with livestock, known as livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Using molecular typing with multi-locus sequence typing, MRSA clones have been classified in pigs, including clonal complex 398. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus was first discovered in pigs in the Netherlands in 2005. Since then, it has been widely detected in pigs in other countries. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus can be transmitted from pigs to pigs, pigs to humans (zoonosis), and humans to humans. This transmission is enabled by several risk factors involved in the pig trade, including the use of antibiotics and zinc, the size and type of the herd, and the pig pen management system. Although LA-MRSA has little impact on the pigs' health, it can be transmitted from pig to pig or from pig to human. This is a serious concern as people in direct contact with pigs are highly predisposed to acquiring LA-MRSA infection. The measures to control LA-MRSA spread in pig farms include conducting periodic LA-MRSA screening tests on pigs and avoiding certain antibiotics in pigs. This study aimed to review the emerging LA-MRSA strains in pig farms.
Foglalkoztatáspolitikai kihívások a magyar mezőgazdaságban és élelmiszeriparban
Authors: Ritter Tibor
Published: January 2023

A magyar mezőgazdaság mind területi termelékenység, mind munkatermelékenység tekintetében jelentősen elmarad a nyugat-európai országok többségétől. Egy átlagos magyar mezőgazdasági dolgozó nagyjából fele akkor értéket képes megtermelni, mint egy átlagos nyugat-európai. Ezen a tendencián sem az elmúlt évtizedek eseményei, sem az EU-csatlakozás nem segített igazán.
A Comparative Case Study About Multi-cultural Education Program of Primary Student Teachers in Finland and Korea
Authors: Moon Jiyoung , Seo Jihee , Kim Jiyoun , Eom Moonyoung
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study is to provide implications for multi-cultural education in Korea. So we comparatively analyze how multi-cultural education programs for student teachers are implemented in the teacher training institutions in Finland and South Korea. In order to achieve this purpose, the study collected and analyzed primary and secondary data of each educational institution’s programs by intentionally selecting primary teacher training institutions in two countries. The data from 3 institutions were analyzed according to the criteria
based on previous studies. This study is meaningful in that it conducted a comparative analysis considering multi-cultural context and perspective in two countries, and suggested practical and progressive perspective to student teachers program.
An Analysis of Research Trends in Multicultural Education: Focusing on the Research Articles in MES(2008-2021)
Authors: Park Yun-Kyoung , Park Sunun
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explore the trends of multicultural education research in South Korea. For this purpose, the study analyzed a total of 281 research articles published from 2008 to 2021 in the journal of『Multicultural Education Studies (MES)』. The research results are as follows: first, theoretical studies accounted for the largest proportion in the first period (2008-2010), while quantitative and qualitative studies increased in the second period (2011-2015) and the third period (2016-2021). Second, research topics tended to be divided into subtopics in the second and third period while they remained unsegmented in the first period. Third, according to the analysis results of each research methodology, studies on academic concepts/ theories and directions in multicultural education were most common among theoretical research studies. Content analysis studies mainly focused on textbook analysis and research trends in multicultural education. Quantitative studies on non-multicultural students and multicultural students were conducted the most by analyzing survey and panel data. Qualitative studies on married immigrants or multicultural families, two or more groups, and teachers were most frequently conducted in general qualitative studies and qualitative case studies. Very few mixed-methods research studies were identified in the journal. Based on the research results, this study suggests the continuous production of multicultural education research with diverse subjects employing various research methodologies and methods
다문화 가정의 부모-자녀 간 개방형 의사소통이 초등학생의 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향: 문화정체감과 자기효능감의 이중매개효과
Authors: Yoon Jeongsuk , Kim Jungmin
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of parent-child open communication in multicultural families on elementary school student’s school life adjustment and to confirm the dual mediating effect of cultural identity and self-efficacy. The main results of this study are as follows. First, regarding the effects of parent-child open communication on elementary school student’s school life adjustment, it was found that Korean cultural identity, mother’s cultural identity, and self-efficacy had mediating effects. Second, the dual mediating effect of Korean cultural identity and self-efficacy was found on the effect of parent-child open communication on elementary school student’s school life adjustment. Based on major findings, some academic and practical implications were presented in the conclusion section.
Bringing Face-to-Face Engagement to Online Classes
Authors: Gimpel Gregory
Published: January 2023

The trend to shift courses online is accelerating. Some students are gravitating toward asynchronous online classes; however, many still prefer in-person educational experiences. These students often are less engaged when taking online courses, and their willingness to pay for online courses is frequently less than for in-person courses. There is a need to bridge the gaps between online and traditional class delivery formats. This paper reports on a high-presence online teaching method that approximates the in-person experience by affording face-to-face conversations, real-time interaction, and features the instructor placed front-and-center with the lecture material. The paper reports a case study test of this method as applied to a graduate process reengineering course. Students in the course report that the method provides better student-instructor interaction and overall engagement than they expect from in-person classes. Students also report that the method approximates what they expect from in-person courses regarding the quality of interactions they have with their classmates.
Entwicklung und Anwendung eines raumbezogenen Index für Mobilität
Authors: Rammert Alexander
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses which methods can be used to operationalize mobility in German planning practice. In particular, the index methodology, which is rarely used in planning practice, is suitable for the systematic operationalization of complex phenomena such as mobility. After a short theoretical introduction, the concept of mobility will be operationalized step by step for indexing. For this purpose, in addition to a theoretical construction model for a mobility index, a science-based list of indicators necessary for its calculation is created. Subsequently, this spatial mobility index is calculated on the basis of accessibility and user survey data from the Berlin district of Pankow. As a result, the index clearly shows on maps where people have more or less mobility options. Thus, the mobility index provides a novel method for planning to identify high or low mobility in the study areas.
The Role of Organizational Culture in Preventing Workplace Bullying among Nurses in Jordan
Authors:   Jordan University of Science and Technology, Shahrour Ghada , Ayyoub Farah , Alibrahim Muntaha
Published: January 2023

Background: Organizational culture has been found to relate to workplace bullying; however, available evidence on the role of organizational culture in bullying mitigation or aggravation is inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to estimate whether types of organizational culture predict bullying behavior among nurses in Jordan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and predictive design was used in this study. A convenience sample of 160 nurses working in public and private hospitals completed and returned the study e-survey. Results: About 10% of nurses were exposed to workplace bullying within the last 6 months. Colleagues and other superiors/managers were the main perpetrators. Compared with other organizational cultures, task-oriented culture had the highest mean and was correlated negatively with workplace bullying. Conclusions: Workplace bullying is still considered a serious problem among nurses. Contrary to the majority of studies reporting task-oriented culture as a risk factor for bullying or its lack of relatedness to bullying behavior, in this study, task-oriented culture predicted lower bullying victimization at the workplace. Implications to Nursing: Nurse managers have a crucial role in the mitigation and prevention of workplace bullying among their staff. Managers need to be available at the unit level to observe and monitor staff behavior, ensure the implementation of code of conduct for staff and act as advocates when other unit managers bully nurses. Further research is needed to provide more information in the role of various types of organizational culture on workplace bullying. Meanwhile, task-oriented culture that focuses on work goals and productivity needs to be emphasized. Keywords: Workplace bullying, Organizational culture, Nurses.
Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
Authors: Deng Lan , Zhao Le , Liu Lifen , Huang Haomin
Published: January 2023

Most patients with metastatic breast cancer or gastric cancer who are treated with trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, become refractory to the drug within a year after the initiation of treatment. Although the combination of trastuzumab with pertuzumab produced synergetic effects in the treatment of HER2-overexpressing cancers, not all patients with HER2 overexpression benefited from the trastuzumab plus pertuzumab combination. To improve the clinical benefits of trastuzumab, we systemically investigated the combination of inetetamab (Cipterbin), an analog of trastuzumab, with a variety of small molecules, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and chemotherapeutic agents in vivo. We showed that pan-TKIs-induced synergistic antitumor effects with inetetamab in the treatment of these two types of cancers and that adding chemotherapeutic agents to the existing TKI plus anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody combination strategies induced additional inhibitory effects, suggesting that such combination strategies may be choices for the treatment of these two tumors. Thus, combination therapies targeting distinct and broad pathways that are essential for tumor growth and survival can be effective for treating metastatic breast cancers and gastric cancers.
Numerical visualization of extensional flows in injection molding of polymer melts
Authors: Tseng Huan-Chang
Published: January 2023

Extensional flows generally take place in a channel with varied cross-sectional areas. During polymer processing with a variety of complex geometric features, it is difficult to separate extensional rates from shear rates in state-of-the-art predictive engineering tools of computational fluid dynamics. The recently proposed method of Tseng [Tseng, H.-C., “A Revisitation of Generalized Newtonian Fluids,” J Rheol 64 493–504 (2020)] decomposed the generalized strain rate as the characteristic shear and extensional rates via the rate-of-deformation tensor rotated along streamline coordinates. As validation for an isothermal center-gated disk flow, the predicted flow field profiles fairly matched the analytical solution for Newtonian fluid. Under injection molding simulations, an objective indicator is defined to visualize the colorful contours of extensional flows encountered in the gate-vicinity and the mid-plane of the cavity’s thickness direction, as well as contraction-expansion channels.
Investigation of the trade-off between the complexity of the accelerometer bias model and the state estimation accuracy in INS/GNSS integration
Authors: Teodori Gilles , Neuner Hans
Published: January 2023

The integration of Inertial Navigation Systems and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) represents the core navigation unit for mobile platforms in open sky environments. A realistic assessment of the accuracy of the navigation solution depends on the accurate modelling of inertial sensor errors. Sensor noise and biases contribute most to short-term navigation errors. For the latter, different models can be used, varying in complexity. This paper investigates how the use of two different models for the accelerometer bias affects the accuracy of the state estimate in an extended Kalman filter. For this purpose, the Allan variance technique is applied to a data sequence from a specific inertial sensor to identify and quantify the underlying noise processes. The estimated noise parameters are used to characterise a bias model for the accelerometers that in addition to the static bias model takes non-white noise processes of the inertial sensor under investigation into account. This detailed accelerometer bias model is compared to a classical modelling approach that only considers static biases. Both approaches are evaluated based on simulation studies for continuous and intermittent GNSS coverages. The results show no significant difference between the two modelling approaches in terms of horizontal position and attitude precision. Furthermore, the correctness of the accelerometer bias estimates is not significantly affected by the modelling approach. All in all, it can be concluded that a detailed bias model of the accelerometers does not outperform the classical modelling approach.