bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineral waters of the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania
Authors: Kasinova Agnessa S. , Potapov Yevgeny G. , Rusak Alexander I. , Gusova Berta A. , Gurieva Nina B.
Published: April 2021

The research objective is to assess the composition and properties of mineral waters of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania.

Material and methods. In 2019, the Testing Laboratory of Natural Therapeutic Resources of North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia and the Department of Exploring of Resort Resources of PSRRS North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in Pyatigorsk carried out studies of the mineral waters of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania.

Results. There have been explored mineral waters of Redant, Mamison, Tibian, Tamis, Korinsky, Carmadon and Zamankul mineral water deposits.

Conclusion. The carried out spa studies showed that in the Republic of North Ossetia Alania there is mineral waters of various physical and chemical composition and mineralization that have high balneotherapeutic activity.
Modern approaches to the application of photoimmunomodulating technologies in the treatment of HPV-associated cervicitis
Authors: Moseshvili Gulnara G. , Dugieva Madina Z. , Korchazhkina Natalya B. , Mikhailova Anna A.
Published: April 2021

We aimed to investigate the effects of the combined use of polychromatic visible and infrared polarized light with topical application of Imiquimod 5% cream on the macrophage link of immunity in patients with chronic human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervicitis.

Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients aged 2035 years, who had a history of HPV-associated cervicitis for at least 1 year. Patients were distributed into three groups by random sampling. The main group included 30 patients who were exposed to blue monochromatic polarized incoherent light on the projection of the carotid arteries and polychromatic visible and infrared polarized light on the uterine cervix in combination with topical application of Imiquimod 5% cream (complex one). The comparison group included 30 patients who were exposed to polychromatic visible and infrared polarized light on the uterine cervix in combination with Imiquimod 5% cream (complex 2), and the control group included 30 patients who received local exposure to the uterine cervix with Imiquimod 5% cream. Examination data of 20 healthy women of the same age were taken as normal values. The macrophage link activity was assessed using the nitroblue tetrazolium test.

Results. Under the influence of the developed complexes 1 and 2, the percentage of phagocytic cells of the macrophage link increased significantly to normal values (by 36% and 31%, respectively; p 0.01), the phagocytic number and index of phagocytosis completeness increased to near-normal values (p 0.001). In addition, the percentage of spontaneous (excessive) redox processes of neutrophils decreased from 21.1% 1.3% to 11.8 1.01% in the main group (p 0.001) and to 14.4 1.5% in the comparison group (p 0.01). Less significant results were obtained in the control group where the patients received topical application of Imiquimod 5% cream on the uterine cervix, and the studied parameters were 26%51.7% lower than that in the main group.

Conclusion. The complex application of blue monochromatic polarized incoherent light on the projection of the carotid arteries in combination with polychromatic visible and infrared polarized light and external application of Imiquimod 5% cream on the cervix of patients with chronic HPV-associated cervicitis has a pronounced immunocorrecting effect on the immunity macrophage link. This is confirmed by an improvement in the indicators of the functional activity of neutrophils, in the form of a decrease in the percentage of excessive redox reactions and an increase in the index of phagocytosis completeness, and indicates an increase in the productivity of the macrophage link functioning.
The combined use of a fermentoterapiya and carboxytherapy at complications of planimetric plasticity of area of a brush in cosmetology
Authors: Aksenenko I. P.
Published: April 2021

Background. In recent years, cosmetology has become increasingly popular procedures for the introduction of various fillers to correct age-related changes in the hands (visualization of veins and tendons) to compensate for the amount of fat lost with age in the back of the hand. At the same time, the number of complications after contouring the hand area is also increasing, due to non-compliance with the insertion technique, ignorance of the anatomical features of the corrected area, and a number of other factors.
Aims: to study the effectiveness of a combined method that includes a course of collalizine diadinamophoresis in combination with injection carboxytherapy for the correction of complications that occurred on the back of the hand when injecting fillers based on calcium hydroxyapatite.
Methods. There were 28 women under observation, with an average age of 41.5 4.6 years, with a complication after administration of a drug based on calcium hydroxyapatite on the back of the hand. Were allocated to 3 groups that received a course of carboxytherapy, the rate of diadynamophoresis collalizine and their combination.
Results. The use of a combined course of collalizine diadinamophoresis with injectable carboxytherapy provides a pronounced analgesic effect, stabilizes the psychoemotional state and gives a pronounced effect of reducing the thickness of the dermis and increasing the dermis density coefficient, especially in the early stages of observation, which is probably due to a decrease in intra-dermal edema that occurs as a reaction to a filler injected either too deeply or in large quantities. In addition, this combined technique significantly accelerates both the biodegradation of the previously introduced filler, and affects pathological fibrosis around calcium hydroxyapatite crystals.
Conclusions. The combined use of collazine diadinamophoresis and injective carboxytherapy locally on lesions with complications in the form of edema, contouring and local neuropathic manifestations that occur when injecting fillers based on calcium hydroxyapatite to the back of the hand is a highly effective method of treatment, which is confirmed by relieving clinical symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients.
Application of modern non-drug technologies for the full formation of postoperative scar in patients after plastic surgery for rectocele
Authors: Zhumanova E. N.
Published: April 2021

Background. In recent decades, various physiotherapeutic methods have been widely used in surgical practice in order to obtain an anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects, accelerate reparative and regenerative processes, and improve microcirculation in the postoperative area.
Aim: to develop and scientifically substantiate optimized complex programs, including general magnetotherapy, fractional microablative therapy with a CO2 laser, electrical myostimulation with the biological connection of the pelvic floor muscles and a special complex of physiotherapy exercises (exercise therapy) in patients of different age groups after reconstructive plastic surgery for rectocele.
Methods. The article presents data on treatment of 160 women of childbearing, peri- and menopausal age with rectocele of IIIII degree. Patients after surgical treatment of rectocele, in the late postoperative period for the full formation used rehabilitation programs, including in various combinations of General magnetotherapy, electromyostimulation with biological connection of the pelvic floor muscles, procedures of intra-vascular fractional microablative therapy with CO2 laser and a special complex of therapeutic physical education.
Results. As a result of the research, it was found that when combined with General magnetotherapy, fractional microablative CO2 laser therapy, electromyostimulation with biological connection of the pelvic floor muscles, and a special complex of physical therapy in patients after plastic surgery for rectocele, a pronounced trophostimulating effect is formed, to a greater extent in patients with peri- and of menopausal age, which is particularly important, as they have in the background of the age hypoestrogenia perimenopausal and postmenopausal women marked atrophy.
Conclusions. Complex treatment that promotes proper formation of postoperative scar by improving microcirculation and thickening of the dermis and mucosa, endometrium, submucosa and connective tissue, as confirmed by the ultrasound scan.
Clinical manifestations of parvoviral infection in Uzbekistan
Authors: Lokteva Lyubov M. , Pulatova R. Z. , Aliyeva L. E. , Musabaev E. I.
Published: April 2021

Parvoviral infection (PV B19) is an important but underinvestigated problem. Parvovirus B19 is being studied for the first time in Uzbekistan, and its clinical manifestations are not well known, thus requiring differential diagnosis with other viral infections and noncommunicable diseases. Available literature reported the possible relation of PV B19 in children to a number of pathological conditions, such as allergies, severe anemia, arthralgia, periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocarditis, and hepatitis.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA A (H1N1) in 2009-2010
Authors: Yakovlev A. A. , Baranov N. I.
Published: April 2021

In work, on the basis of the data of the literature on distribution of the new variant of flu A (H1N1) in comparison with materials about previously arising pandemics and the majority of epidemics in the 20th century, and also results of own supervision over disease rate and circulation of flu viruses since 1982 till the present time in the Primorsky Territory, an epidemiological estimation of the various hypotheses about factors and mechanisms of development of epidemic process of this infection has been given. Necessity of the ecological approach to consideration of a problem with flu has been proved.
SOLUTION-ORIENTED APPROAСHES TO HIV TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER ТО СНILD AND PRESERVATION OF FAMILY HEALTH DUE AССOUNT FOR MEDICAL-SOCIAL PERFORMANСE
Authors: Yastrebova E. B. , Vinogradova T. N. , Rakhmanova A. G.
Published: April 2021

This article presents the data of analysis of medical and social characteristics of 629 mother-infant pairs with HIV infection examined in the Department of mothers and children of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center. The new direction "the family - HIV-infection" has been developed. This direction is based on the complex medical, social, and psychological monitoring of the family at the stage of planning, pregnancy, childbirth, and during all periods of childhood, to the timely prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection in women, their sexual partners and children, and also to improve the demographic situation in the metropolis. It allowed to increase the number of observed HIV infected families, reduce HIV transmission from mother to child, diminish the number of orphaned children, and also to cut maternal and infant mortality rate.
RECENT CHANGES OF HEPATITIS A EPIDEMIOLOGY IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE AS THE RATIONALES FOR PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Chulanov V. P. , Pimenov N. N. , Karandashova I. V. , Komarova S. V.
Published: April 2021

The article describes results of the analysis of incidence rate of hepatitis A in Russia and 29 European countries over the period 2001 to 2008. The characteristic of hepatitis A outbreaks as well as molecular genetic diversity of hepatitis A virus in Russia and Europe has been compared. The authors analyze the state of herd immunity to hepatitis A virus in population of the territories of countries mentioned above. The results of seroprevalence study of hepatitis A virus among different age groups in Moscow are presented. The critical role of hepatitis A vaccination in the system of prevention and disease control measures is emphasized.
THE STUDY OF TOXICITY AND THE PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF IFN-A2B WITH ANTIOXIDANTS AND SPECIFIC ANTIVIRAL CHEMO DRUGS FOR HERPES VIRAL INFECTIONS "IN VITRO" AND "IN VIVO"
Authors: Vasiliev A. N. , Klimova R. R. , Tyulenev Yu. A.
Published: April 2021

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are extremely widespread in the human population and can affect various organs and tissues. HSV1 and CMV infections are particularly dangerous for pregnant women and newborns. The main disadvantages of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents are their high toxicity, limited bioavailability and the development of drug resistance during the long-term tretatment. Currently the search for new drugs and new regimens which permit to avoid the adverse manifestations of toxic effects while maintenance of high antiviral efficacy is performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the of scheme of multimodal therapy of herpes virus infection with a new drug form (NDF) VIFERON®, a solution for local application in combination with specific antiviral chemo drugs "in vitro" and "in vivo". For the first time the use of NDF in a concentration of 20000 IU/ml was found to inhibit CMV infection by 83% in a therapeutic scheme “in vitro”. NDF has been shown to increase the specific antiviral activity of chemotherapy, allowing to significantly reduce the effective inhibitory concentration for Acyclovir - by 3 times, for Acyclovir - by 20 times. In “in vivo” experiments NDF has not demonstrated any toxic effect on the animal organism. 24 h after intraperitoneal infection of mice HSV1 the single administration of NDF protects 60% of the animals from lethal (20 LD5o) herpes virus infection. Combined use of ТДА and ACV therapeutic scheme “in vivo” allowed: a) reduce the dose of both drugs by 10 times (up to 2000 IU/ml and 5 mg/kg, respectively) compared with either single agent; and b) to achieve the therapeutic effect with the use of the short regimen - 3 days; c) to provide full protection (100%) animals from lethal HSV1-infection (20 LD50). The high protective effect of multimodal therapy of lethal herpes virus infection “in vivo” was provided due to the synergistic character of the interaction of drugs used.
The first experience of combination therapy of loaosis in Russian female tourist who visited Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Bronshtein A. M , Malyshev N. A , Zharov S. N , Luchshev V. I , Rakhimova O. Yu , Legonkov Yu. A
Published: April 2021

A case of loaosis in a female tourist from the Bryansk region, which visited Equatorial Guinea, has been described. The clinical picture of the disease was characterized by recurrent ‘tumor de Calabar’ (ambulant edema) in different parts of the body, migration of helminth beneath of eye serous membrane and high eosinophilia. The patient was successfully cured with the use of combination therapy consisting of sequential taking albendazole and ivermectin treatment. For the prevention of adverse reactions during all the period of treatment with albendazole and ivermectin the patient received glucocorticosteroid medication. 2-year dispensary observation showed adequately treatment of the patient, the absence of relapse and normalization of eosinophil count in the peripheral blood. We discuss the objective complexity of the parasitological confirmation of loaosis and the problem of prevention of tropical diseases in backpacking tourists.
PROPERTIES OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN ASIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE STRAINS CIRCULATING IN OTHER CONTINENTS DURING THE SEVENTH CHOLERA PANDEMIC
Authors: Lomov Yu. M. , Telesmanich N. R. , Andrusenko I. T. , Moskvitina E. A. , Areshina O. A.
Published: April 2021

The review deals with the properties of Vibrio cholerae (classical, El Tor, 0139, non-01/non-0139 strains) circulating worldwide during the seventh cholera pandemic. Particular attention is given to the variability in the cholera pathogen: the replacement of classical Vibrio cholerae by the El Tor biotype and subsequently the emergence of serogroup Vibrio cholerae 0139 and genetically altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae; the causes giving rise to these changes and spread of Vibrio cholera in the countries of the Asian continent. A large genetic variability found in Asian strains suggests that there is a real possibility of the emergence of new clones with new properties, including those with an epidemic potential. The Vibrio cholerae strains, that periodically appear in Asia and have an epidemic potential and new properties, spread over all continents, by causing cholera infection. The cholera pathogen adapts to new existence conditions in some cases, by altering some properties and, by having been rooted in a certain area, causes mainly sporadic cases of the disease. These Vibrio cholerae strains, unlike the Asian strains (the pathogens of the seventh pandemic), may be virulent, by preserving the virulence genes in the genome; however, they are, in most cases, non-endemic and unable to spread widely.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DETECTION OF RNA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITES
Authors: Gromova N. I. , Gordeychuk I. V. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Ilchenko L. U. , Mikhailov M. I.
Published: April 2021

593 patients with chronic viral hepatitis were tested for HGV-RNA and TTV DNA of. HGV-RNA detected in 3 times less than TTV DNA - in 13.6% and 46.64%, respectively. A comparative evaluation of clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with coinfection HCV/HGV and HCV monoinfection revealed significant differences in the average level of activity of ALT and the rate of increased ALT, which were higher in Hepatitis C patients with HGV RNA in the blood. There was no influence of HGV infection on other clinical and biochemical parameters and levels of fibrosis in groups of patients with HCV monoinfected and co-infection HCV/ HGV. The presence of HGV RNA in blood Hepatitis C patients did not affect the effectiveness of AVT. 30 patients with Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B with HGV RNA in blood were examined three times on the background of the AVT (before, during and after treatment). In 23 out of 30 patients (76.6%) a disappearance of HGV RNA in the blood took place during AVT, but after treatment in 17 patients (53.3%) HGV RNA replication is resumed, i. e. suppression of replication on the background of AVT was temporary. In individuals with HGV monoinfection (n 12) clinical symptoms were poor, in half of the patients in this group of young and middle age the increase in cholesterol levels was noticed, as well as the sonographic signs of fatty liver.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND C IN THE STAFF AND INPATIENTS IN HOSPITALS OF ST. PETERSBURG
Authors: Zueva L. P. , Rahmanova A. G. , Kolosovskaya E. N. , Kalinina Z. P. , Petrova O. E. , Dmitrieva M. I.
Published: April 2021

The article presents data on the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in 6 St. Petersburg multidisciplinary hospitals in 2005 -2010 on the results of laboratory tests for the same period, taking into account an annual sample of 185,211 people. The most intense epidemic process of hepatitis И was found in staff and inpatients of hemodialysis units. Among the staff and the surgical inpatients the incidence of viral hepatitis B and C was 7 times smaller than that in inpatients and staff of hemodialysis units. In therapeutic departments the rate of viral hepatitis was 2-4 times lower. The high level of HBsAg and other markers of hepatitis B and anti-HCV has been detected in inpatients in gastroenterological departments, extremely rare - in the staff.
PROBLEMS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF EPIDEMIC SURVEILLANCE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Nafeyev A. A.
Published: April 2021

This paper characterizes the epidemic process of leptospirosis. The current new herd infections are typified by: 1) the formation of new natural foci under anthropogenic and climatic factors; 2) the change in the biocenotic structure of natural foci; 3) the formation of natural foci of mixed infectious diseases of bacterial and virus etiology; 4) the change in the epidemic potential of natural foci; 5) synathropization of infectious diseases. Few or no registered leptospirosis cases in some silent areas are frequently attributable to poor differential, including laboratory, diagnosis. The epidemic process is characterized in terms of the active natural focus of leptospirosis in a long-term period.
ROTAVIRAL INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Tkhakushinova P. Kh.
Published: April 2021

This literature review presents recent data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of the manifestations of rotavirus infection in children, needed to focus the attention of directors and practitioners on this issue, initiate the development of new approaches to diagnosis, therapy, prevention, clarify the pathogenesis of the disease.
Epidemiological importance of etymology of the Greek word “χoλepa”
Authors: Murnachev G. P
Published: April 2021

With the use a comparative historical and cartographic technique in an epidemiological study of materials on cholera, concomitant natural and social factors in the period up to 1817, this article considers the etymological carriers of the ancient Greek word "cholera" not as an infectious process, but as the epidemic process. This provided a clarification of the epidemiological characteristics of historical cholera in the Eurasian continent.
FEATURES OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA AND SERUM LIPID SPECTRUM IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION IN THE THIRD STAGE
Authors: Makarov V. K , Nozdrevatykh O. V , Gur'yanova M. V
Published: April 2021

The epidemiological features and social factors of HIV-infection were studied. The clinical picture of disease was estimated. The laboratory researches included detection of contents CD4-lymphocytes and blood lipid structure. The patients with HIV-infection in the 3rd stage were divided into 2 groups according to duration of a course of the stage. The number of females involved in a HIV-infection as a result of the sharp increase of heterosexual way of transmittion was enlarged considerably. Pronounced changes of lipid metabolism in patients with HIV-infection in a 3rd stage were observed. As lisophospholipids indices in HIV patients with duration of the 3rd stage more than 5 years were several times lower, than in the HIV patients with the smaller experience, it is possible to use these parameters for prognosing the course of the disease.
ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY OF GASTROINTESTINAL FORM OF SALMONELLOSIS
Authors: Shakhmardanov M. Z. , Kadyshev V A. , Nikiforov V. V.
Published: April 2021

In gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis prescription of ciprofloxacin fails to reduce the duration of clinical symptoms of the disease. However in colon involvement ciprofloxacin may have a favorable clinical effect.
Interleukin-7 HIV Transmission to Cervico-Vaginal Tissue in vivo
Authors: Introini A. , Vanpouille C. , Lisco A. , Grivel J. -C , Margolis L. Borisovich
Published: April 2021

The majority of HIV-1 infections in women transmit through vaginal intercourse, in which virus-containing semen is deposited on the cervico-vaginal mucosa. Semen is more than a mere carrier of HIV-1, since it contains many biological factors, in particular cytokines, that may affect HIV-1 transmission. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-7, one of the most prominent cytokines in semen of healthy individuals, is further increased in semen of HIV-1-infected men. Here, we investigated the potential role of IL-7 in HIV-1 vaginal transmission in an ex vivo system of human cervico-vaginal tissue. We simulated an in vivo situation by depositing HIV-1 on cervico-vaginal tissue in combination with IL-7 at concentrations comparable with those measured in semen of HIV-1-infected individuals. We found that IL-7 significantly enhanced virus replication in ex vivo infected cervico-vaginal tissue. Similarly, we observed an enhancement of HIV-1 replication in lymphoid tissue explants. Analysis of T cells isolated from infected tissues showed that IL-7 reduced CD4+ T cell depletion preventing apoptosis, as shown by the decrease in the number of cells expressing the apoptotic marker APO2.7 and the increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2. Also, IL-7 increased the fraction of cycling CD4+ T cells, as evidenced by staining for the nuclear factor Ki-67. High levels of seminal IL-7 in vivo may be relevant to the survival of the founder pool of HIV-1-infected cells in the cervico-vaginal mucosa at the initial stage of infection, promoting local expansion and dissemination of HIV infection.
RED BLOOD CELL CHANGES IN ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITISES OF VARIOUS ETIOLOGY
Authors: Avdeeva M. G , Blazhnaya L. P. , Ganzha A. A. , Dubinina V. A. , Kulbuzheva M. I , Lysenko I. V , Manaeva D. A , Chernyavskaya O. V
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was the study of red blood indices in patients with acute viral hepatitises (AVH) and the effect of omeprazole treatment and comorbidities of pancreas and thyroid. Red blood indices were studied in the course of the disease in 167 AVH patients, including 35 cases with AVH "A", 43 cases with AVH "B", and 89 cases – with AVH "C". Patients were divided into follows: control group (112 patients) treated with standard therapy and studied group (55 patients), received the therapy with omeprazole due to preexisting pancreatitis. Studies were performed with the use of Sysmex Hematology Analyzer KX-21n. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDWc were determined. In acute AVH certain changes in erythrocyte hemogram were found, namely anisocytosis in 39-74% of cases, increase of MCH in 15-23% of cases and MCHC lowering in 28-42% of cases. These changes are more specific for hepatitis "B" and "C", and are less common and less severe in hepatitis "A". Diserythropoiesis remains till the period of reconvalescence in 38-46% of cases in the form of macroanisocytosis and deceased hemoglobin formation (13-38% of cases), and in 19-33% of cases in the form of hyperchromic erythrocytes. Pathological changes in erythrocyte hemogram were exacerbated by concomitant thyroid disease in acute hepatitis "C" and the pathology of the pancreas in acute hepatitis "A". No association between omeprazole treatment and development of anisocytosis in AVH patients was found. Typical changes in the morphofunctional state of red blood cells in AVH are: the decrease in the average hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and increase in the erythrocyte anisocytosis (RDWc). Anisocytosis, disturbance in hemoglobin formation and in some cases - hyperchromia of erythrocytes remain during the recovery period. Development of anisocytosis is mostly determined with the viral exposure than with comorbidity or omeprazole treatment and can be considered an independent sign of viral infection of the liver.
CLINICAL AND VIROLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE DRUG "STIMFORTE" IN ACUTE HEPATITIS B
Authors: Pogorelskaya L. V. , Khlopova I. N , Grigoryan S. S , Tryakina I. P , Rik N. A , Mal'dov D. G
Published: April 2021

Gamalei Str., Moscow, Russia, 123098; 4Closed 4Joint-Stock Company “SKY LTD”, 113/1, Leninsky avenue, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117108 Hepatitis B is a serious problem for global health. The incidence of acute hepatitis B in the Russian Federation in recent years was 2.2 per 100 000 people. In 5% of cases the infection can acquire chronic course, leading to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, there is increased interest in drugs of plant and animal origin which have immunomodulatory and antiviral activity. "Stimforte" is one out of such drugs. The aim of this work was to determine the as clinical and immunologic as virologic efficacy of the injectable form of the drug. The study included 30 patients and 22 subjects from the control group. Evaluation of treatment efficacy was performed on the results of clinical and laboratory examination and was determined in the terms of reverse development of acute viral hepatitis, dynamics and rate of downword in activity of biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), elimination of markers of acute hepatitis from the blood, the frequency of formation of chronic hepatitis. The investigation of immune and interferon status was performed. At the same time the possible occurrences of adverse reactions were taken into account. At the end of the study the use of "Stimforte " was shown to have a positive effect on the regression of clinical symptoms of the disease, by reducing their duration by 2-8 days, contributed to a more rapid normalization of indices of cytolysis (ALT, AST). Drug "Stimforte" has immunomodulatory effect, stimulated antiviral immune response to acute HBV-infection. Within 6 months of following up patients no chronic cases were observed. The drug was well tolerated by all patients with no incidence of adverse reactions.
PCR IDENTIFICATION OF FRAGMENTS OF GENES FOR PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS IN METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS
Authors: Goncharov A. E , Zueva L. P , Suvorov A. E. , Glazovskaya L. S , Brusina E. B , Azizov I. S. , Lavrinenko A. V , Suborova T. N , Razumova D. V , Aslanov B. I , Dolgiy A. A , Dolgiy A. A
Published: April 2021

The identification of fragments of pathogenicity islands (SAPI1, vSaα and vSaβ) in 11 clinical strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), referred on the basis of spa- sequence typing and the restriction-modification test to different genotypes, has been performed. A set of studied pathogenicity islands was shown to be strain-specific and be available for usage as an epidemiological marker of hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY IXODES TICKS IN THE PERM KRAI
Authors: Teterin V. Yu , Korenberg E. I. , Nefedova V. V. , Vorobiova N. N. , Frizen V. I. , Pomelova V. G. , Kuznetsova T. I.
Published: April 2021

The etiological structure of infections transmitted by Ixodes ticks (ITIT) was established in 467 (out of 522) patients of the Perm Regional Hospital for Infectious Diseases with the help of Laboratory Techniques Set, which included ELISA, PCR and PHOSPHAN М. There was stated that ITIT occurs most frequently - 235 (45, 0%) patients, tick borne encephalitis (TBE) -more rarely: 54 (10.4%), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) - 26 (5.0%) and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) - 9 (1.7%). Various mixt-infections were detected in 143 patients (27.4%). In 55 patients (10.5%) the etiology of the disease remained to be unexplained. The clinical course of ITIT caused by genospecies B. afzelii and B. garinii is described.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A BORRELIAL INFECTION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE KIROV REGION
Authors: Lyubeznova O. N , Bondarenko A. L , Oparina L. V , Lambrinaki E. V
Published: April 2021

Kirov Region is one of the leaders of the incidence of Lyme borreliosis. Absolute and average incidence rates per 100 000 population is 5-7 times higher than the general federal ones. In the region the active natural nidus of infection is resided. Significant reservoirs of Lyme borreliosis are small animals - the hares and the foxes. Main vector of infection - the taiga tick infection reaches 47%. Active center of Lyme borreliosis is concentrated in the southern and central subzone of the taiga. In recent years, the incidence is shifted to the central and northern areas. Among the diseased patients inhabitants of cities are dominated, in recent years their incidence is increasing.
THE MEDICO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF VIRAL HEPATITIDES WITH THE PARENTERAL WAY OF TRANSMISSION
Authors: Kosagovskaya I. I , Volchkova E. V
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to current epidemiological, social and economic aspects of parenteral viral hepatitis B and C. Statistical data on the incidence, prevalence, outcomes for viral hepatitides are provided. Prior medical and social factors influencing the formation of the epidemiological situation and the activity of infection with viral hepatitis B and C, including gaining the importance of the prevalence of parenterally transmitted viral hepatitis among drinkers, drug users, and HIV infected cases have been analyzed. The issues of economic losses and economic costs required to treat patients with viral hepatitis at various stages of infection were exhaustively covered. On the base of international recommendations a list of medical and social activities for prevention of chronic viral hepatitis B and C was given, the ways to reduce the prevalence of these socially significant diseases were proposed.
IMPORTED CASES OF DENGUE FEVER IN MOSCOW IN 2009-2011: FEATURES OF CLINI CAL PICTURE AND LABORATORY INDICES
Authors: Sayfullin M. A. , Larichev V. F. , Akinshina Yu. A , Khutoretskaya N. V , Butenko A. M , Malyshev N. A
Published: April 2021

The dynamics of verified cases of dengue fever in Russian tourists for the period 2009-2011 is presented in the paper. A detailed description of the clinical symptoms, common clinical and biochemical indices is given. Two cases of disease in pregnant women are considered. The possibility of mixtinfection of dengue fever with other diseases, as well as difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dengue fever have been shown. However, the authors present the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory criteria and proposed diagnostic algorithm based on mentioned indices.
IMPACT OF MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS ON THE LEVEL OF PARASITEMIA
Authors: Trikhleb V. I
Published: April 2021

In the a review of the literature regarding the level of parasitemia in patients with malaria and data of analysis of history cases records of patients with malaria, which have been and haven’t been taken a chemopreventive medications in connection with being in a country endemic for malaria are presented
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in pregnant females in the Primorsky Krai
Authors: Maksema I. G. , Afanaseva V. I. , Slonova R. A. , Ivanis V. A. , Pereverten L. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Results of the analysis of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in pregnant females recorded in the Primorsky Krai, clinical symptomatology of the disease, pregnancy outcome and neonatal state are presented. In case of mild course of HFRS a favorable outcome of the disease, which had not broken a normal course of pregnancy without consequences for the child was observed. Severe course of HFRS in pregnant females led to premature labors and subsequent death of a premature infant. Serologic examinations indirectly confirmed the absence of transplacental transmission of the virus from the mother.
THE CASE OF DEATH FROM LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN THE FEMALE PATIENT WITH HIV INFECTION AND INFILTRATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Babaeva I. Yu. , Avdeeva M. G. , Shevchenko N. P. , Kulagin V. V , Chumachenko G. V , Adamchuk N. Yu
Published: April 2021

The paper presents comparative results of estimation of mortality from HIV infection, tuberculosis (TB), fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver of nonalcoholic nature according to age group for the residents of the Krasnodar region for the period 2006 to 2011. The average age range of the probable development of death from HIV infection was 35-39, from tuberculosis - 45-49 and from liver cirrhosis 55-59 years. Given clinical case is demonstrating the importance of the underestimation of hepatitis "C" complicating diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with HIV infection, suffering from secondary diseases: pulmonary tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, herpes infection, candidiasis. After a comprehensive review of the examples the authors provide recommendations for monitoring and management of patients with ТВ and HIV infection and chronic viral hepatitis "C".
A FIRST AUTOCHTNOUS HUMAN CASE OF THE LONGSTANDINDG MICROFILARAEMIA DUE TO DIROFILARIA REPENS IN RUSSIA AND A FIRST EXPERIENCE OF COMBINED THERAPY OF DIROFILARIASIS REPENS
Authors: Bronshteyn A. M , Malyshev N. A , Jarov S. N , Fedianina L. V , Frolova A. A , Supriaga V. G , Luchshev V. I
Published: April 2021

A case of the longstandindg microfilaraemia due to Dirofilaria repens is presented as a 57-years-old female . This is the first report of the longstandindg microfilaraemia in a Russian patient due to infection of D. repens. The microfilariae of D. repens were detected due to multiple investigations of fresh drops of blood. The longstandindg microfilaraemia due to D. repens is discussed regarding their role in human pathology. As the larvae mature into adult wormes they migrate through blood vessels and the subdermal connective tissues causing pruritis, oedematous lesions on the skin, itching and pain as they pass beneath the conjunctivae and penetrate internal organs. The patient was successfully treated with doxycycline, albendazole and diethylcarbamazine.
ACADEMICIAN K.V BUNIN AND HIS SCHOOL (ON THE OCCASION OF THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)
Authors: Knopov M. Sh. , Taranukha V. K.
Published: April 2021

The life and career way of outstanding national infectious disease specialist, a talented organizer of medical science, known public figure, the creator of the original scientific school, Academician of AMS of the USSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, Professor Konstantin V. Bunin is presented in the paper
OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR INCORPORATING A THIRD DRUG TO THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Sologub T. V , Tsvetkov V. V , Deeva E. G , Tokin I. I
Published: April 2021

In order to evaluate the efficiency and safety of using the drug Ingaron in treatment ofpatients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) an open, randomized, control comparative study has been performed. We examined of 132 CHC patients aged from 18 to 58 years. All patients were selected into 3 groups depending on the type of therapy. The following drugs: Ribavirin, Alfarona, Ingaron were included in regimens of therapy. The course of the disease in examined CHC patients was characterized by mild clinical symptoms, the presence of the expressed cytolytic syndrome more than in half of the patients (50.8%), high levels of «viral load» in 61.6% of patients with the establishment of a direct correlation between high ALT and viremia levels (r=+0,67). The average level of «viral load» in patients infected with no-1 genotype of hepatitis C, at the start of therapy was 1,4 times higher than in those with genotype 1, amounting to 1,8 x 106 and 1,3 x 106 IU/ml, respectively. Patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and receiving therapy with Ingaron for 24 and 12 weeks, achieved sustained viral response in 65,0% and 80,0% of cases whereas patients infected with «no 1» genotype - in 73,9%, and 84,6% of cases, respectively. At the same time, in patients from the control group the sustained viral response was observed only in 56,0% and 60,0% of cases (1 and «no 1» genotypes, respectively). The inclusion of Ingaron into the classical medical regimen was accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment.
Necrotizing pneumonia caused Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Beloborodov V. B.
Published: April 2021

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by S. aureus is infrequent, but very serious illness with a high mortality. Pneumonia arises mainly in children and young adults, develops within several days is accompanied with multiple necroses in lung tissue, often leads to a lethal outcome. The feature ofpathogen is ability to formation ofpore-forming toxin destroying different cells in the body including polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The previous virus infection, for example flu, is considered a contributing factor or the co-infection which creates prerequisites for destruction ofneutrophils in lungs with appearance ofnecroses. S. aureus is not the most frequent causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia therefore empirical therapy does not include antibiotics with the activity against staphylococci which are sensitive or resistant to oxacyllin/meticyllin. As a result empirical regimen of antibacterial therapy appears not to be effective. Early clinical signs are a high fever, blood in the sputum, the presence of cavities in the lungs, a rapid increase in respiratory failure. The microscopy of sputum with detection o a large number of staphylococci allows to establish pathogen at an early stage, before obtaining results oif microbiological tests to prove application ofantibiotics active against staphylococci, and after receiving microbiological data to carry out the final correction ovf antibacterial therapy. Respiratory virus infection preceding peumonia or adverse epidemiological situation (flu epidemic) also is the justification for empiric application of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics in community acquired pneumonia.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and gene variant structure of HCV-infection in the area of the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Avdeeva M. G. , Gorodin V. N. , Konchakova A. A. , Dubinina V. A. , Kotova N. V. , Strikhanov K. S. , Zapashnyaya O. V , Eremina G. A , Sotnichenko A. S.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of research - based on analysis of the clinical-epidemiologic data, the level of viral load and the prevalence of HCV genotypes to determine current consistencies and epidemiological trends of the development of HCV-infection in the area of the Krasnodar Territory. Patients and methods. Population incidence of hepatitis C in the Krasnodar Territory was studied for the period from 2004 to 2011. Clinical manifestations of the disease we evaluated on the base of a retrospective analysis of 1913 hospital records of patients with chronic hepatitis C. There were investigated the results of 19,338 qualitative PCR studies of RNA-HCV, 2041 studies for genotyping and 363 results of quantitative evaluation of RNA-HCV Results. In the Krasnodar Territory there is revealed circulation of 1a, 1b, 2, 3a HCV genotypes. In a population of genotypes 1b (48 %) and 3a (38 %) prevail. In recent years there has been visible trend to displacement of genotype 1b by the increase the incidence of genotype 3 a in a set of areas. Social Portrait of the patient with hepatitis C: a man aged 28 to 48, a city resident, a salary earner or unemployed. There were established gender peculiarities: males are more often infected with hepatitis C genotype 3a, females - genotype 1b. In most cases (65%) viremia is characterized by moderate viral load. In the studied population there is revealed the relationship between the activity of the process and infection with certain genotype. Moderate grade of hepatitis activity is significantly more frequently recorded in the disease caused by 1c and 3 a virus subtypes. Minimal activity of hepatitis is not typical for the process caused by genotype 2 and in genotype 3 a occurs much less frequently than in cases caused by genotype 1b. Conclusion. Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of hepatitis C should take into account trends in the spread of various genotypes of the virus. Hepatitis C virus genotype should be taken into account as in the forecast of the disease and in determination of the indications for antiviral therapy. The main socio-age group actively involved in the epidemic process and need for causal treatment, are young persons of working age.
ANTIVIRAL DRUGS FOR INFLUENZA TREATMENT - CURRENT STATUS
Authors: Deeva E. G , Melnikova T. I , Sologub T. V , Kiselev O. I
Published: April 2021

In the paper an analysis of modern chemotherapy preparations for the treatment of influenza is presented, there are given the main characteristics of drugs - mechanisms of action, spectrum of antiviral activity, efficacy parameters. The analysis of the current state of research on the development of anti-influenza drugs has been performed.
M.V. Afanasev
Authors: Perminova K. G. , Mefod'ev V. V. , Dubinina O. A. , Sharukho G. V. , Orlov M. D. , Ivanova G. N. , Klimov V. T. , Afanasev M. V , Chesnokova M. V.
Published: April 2021

The Experience of investigation of pseudotuberculosis outbreak in the Tyumen region shows the need to improve epidemiological surveillance and control Yersinioses, within the frameworks of informational subsystem of which it is reasonable to take into account serotype land scape and genetic characterization of their pathogens, by means of introdiuction into practice the available methods of diagnosis and identification of Yersinia strains isolated from biomaterial and environmental objects with mand atory sending them to reference-centers for in-depth study with the use of molecular and genetic methods. The last is advisable for more qualitative investigation of foci of yersinioses and establishing epidemiological relationships that will increase the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Preventive and pharmacoeconomic efficacy of the use of herbal drug preparations in streptococcal infections in an organized military collectives
Authors: Marin G. G , Akimkin V. G , Salmina T. A. , Sukhova V. A
Published: April 2021

Infections of the respiratory tract (acute respiratory infection (ARI), acute bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.), skin and subcutaneous tissue (pyodermas) are the most urgent for the conscripts in training units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The most common complication of ARI is community acquired pneumonia, severe course of which leads to an unfavorable outcome. In the first period of military service in a number of military units up to the one-third of the military personnel gets pyoderma. Factors of military service and a significant reduction in body immunoresistance of recruits contribute to the high incidence. The use of herbal drug preparation "Karmolis drop" with a prophylactic purpose permits to significantly reduce the incidence of ARI in military units - in 2,0-3,3 times. Also, there was noticed a decrease in the incidence of pneumonias - 2.33.0 times, tonsillitides - in 3,2-6,8 times, pyodermas - in 1,8-2,9 times. The use of the drug "Karmolis drop" has a pronounced non-specific protective effect and resistance to diseases of the respiratory system and pyoderma due to the increase of general non-specific resistance of the organism, allows to prevent substantial economic damage. The preparation can be recommended for the prevention of ARI and pyodermas in groups of troops prior to their seasonal breaks.
Epidemiological aspects of reproductive health in socially adapted youth in the Omsk region
Authors: Dolgikh T. I. , Serbaev D. A. , Kadtsyna T. V. , Chekmarev G. V.
Published: April 2021

In the article there are presented epidemiological data on the state of health of socially adapted youth of the Omsk region. There are given main characteristics of health with the analysis of body mass index. Performed medico sociological analysis and the explication of anamnestic and somatic determinants with considering their combined effect on the health of youth are put in the basis of a regional programme of monitoring of youth reproductive health.
C. difficile toxins A and B from the clinician's viewpoint
Authors: Gyulazyan N. M , Belaya O. F , Malov V. A , Pak S. G
Published: April 2021

To date, C. difficile is considered as an etiological factor in pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea as well as the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea spread mainly in economically developed countries. The complexity of laboratory and experimental studies of infection is what the microbe cannot be genetically manipulated. At the same time, the most of hospital and municipal laboratories have no the possibility to carry out research on detection C. difficile toxins, that limits the resource of real estimation of the spread of the disease in the Russian Federation.
Experience of application of ELISA test kids for the serological diagnosis of West Nile fever
Authors: Azaryan A. R. , Grishanova A. P. , Ivashchenko E. I. , Shendo G. L. , Kovtunov A. I. , Netalieva S. ZH. , Babaeva M. A. , Burkin A. V. , Arshba T. E. , Larichev V. F. , Butenko A. M
Published: April 2021

As a result of comparative application of enzyme immunoassay "Anti-West Nile virus ELISA-IgM" of the company "Euroimmun AG" (Germany) and "BioScrin-WNV-IgM", produced by ZAO Biotech company "Bioservice» (Russia), intended for serodiagnosis of West Nile fever there was established very low specificity of "Anti-West Nile ELISA-IgM", which is manifested in the registration of false positive results.