bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and Chlorine Dual-doped Mesoporous Carbon as Efficient Nonprecious Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Both in Alkaline and Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Fan Mengyang , Qiao Jinli , Liu Yuyu
Published: July 2014

Using poly(ethyleneimine) as a source of C and N, FeCl2 as iron and Cl precursor, and SiO2 as template, the first N,Cl-dual-doped mesoporous carbon (denoted as (FeCl2-PEI)LH) was prepared. The (FeCl2-PEI)LH exhibits a high oxygen reduction electrocatalytic activity and superb durability both in alkaline (0.1 M KOH) and strong acidic (0.5 M H2SO4) solutions, significantly outperforming their counterparts doped with single N due to the synergistic coupling effect arising from the codoping of mesoporous carbon with both N and Cl.
Gas-diffusion and Direct-electron-transfer-type Bioanode for Hydrogen Oxidation with Oxygen-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenase as an Electrocatalyst
Authors: So Keisei , Kitazumi Yuki , Shirai Osamu , Kurita Kouhei , Nishihara Hirofumi , Higuchi Yoshiki , Kano Kenji
Published: July 2014

A membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MBH) from Hydrogenovibrio marinus allows the direct-electron-transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis for H2 oxidation and is an O2-tolerant promising enzyme for the construction of enzymatic H2–O2 biofuel cells. However, the oxidative and reversible inactivation called “anaerobic inactivation” limits the H2 oxidation at high potentials. In order to avoid this inhibition, we have constructed an MBH-adsorbed gas-diffusion-type electrode, in which H2 is spontaneously supplied to the electrode from the gas phase.
Livonian – the most endangered language in Europe?
Authors: Moseley Christopher
Published: July 2014

Drawing on my experience as General Editor of the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, as well as my own research interest in the Livonian language, the situation of Livonian is here compared with that of some other threatened languages of Europe, most notably Manx Gaelic, spoken on the Isle of Man in the British Isles, which presents some interesting parallels with the situation of Livonian.Kokkuvõte. Christopher Moseley: Liivi – Euroopa ohustatuim keel? Artiklis võrdleb autor oma kogemuse põhjal UNESCO maailma ohus olevate keelte atlase peatoimetajana liivi keele seisundit mitmete teiste Euroopas ohustatud keelte omaga. Võrdlus peamiselt Mani saare gaeli keelega (Manx) toob esile huvitavaid paralleele liivi keele olukorraga.Märksõnad: liivi keel, Mani gaeli keel (Manx), ohustatud keeled, keele revitalisatsioon, ortograafilised normidKubbõvõttõks. Christopher Moseley: Līvõ kēļ – Eirōp amā ädātõd kēļ? Sīes kēras autor ītlõb līvõ kīel pīlõkst mitsmõd munt ädātõd kīeldkõks Eirōpõs. Sǟdlimi gǟl kīeldkõks, mis rõkāndõb Man kǭla pǟl, nägțõb interesantidi paralelidi līvõ kīel vȯlmizõks.
Expressions of obligation, duty, and necessity in Livonian
Authors: Viitso Tiit-Rein
Published: July 2014

In Livonian, obligation, duty, and necessity are expressed mainly by means of constructions containing a finite form of the auxiliary verbs piḑīm ‘must’ and piḑīks ‘should have to’, tūlda ‘to come’, lǟ’dõ ‘to go’, vȱlda ‘to be’ and līdõ ‘shall, will’. The multitude of constructions can be reduced to eleven underlying constructional models consisting of three components: (a) the experiencer in the nominative or the experiencer in the dative (which can occur with all auxiliaries), (b) an auxiliary verb as the predicate and (c) the infinitive, a supine form or a participle of a main verb or the adverb vajāg ‘necessary’ and the object noun.Kokkuvõte. Tiit-Rein Viitso: Sundi, kohustust ja vajadust väljendavad konstruktsioonid liivi keeles. Liivi keeles väljendatakse sundi, kohustust ja vajadust peamiselt tarinditega, mille koostisse kuulub abiverbide piḑīm ‘pidada (kindel kõneviis)’ ja piḑiks ‘peaks’, tūlda ‘tulla’, lǟ’dõ ‘minna’, vȱlda ‘olla’ ja līdõ ‘leeda’ finiitvorm. Tarindite suur hulk taandub kümnele alusmallile, millel on kolm komponenti: (a) kas nominatiivne kogejaalus või daativne kogejamäärus (mis võib esineda koos kõigi abiverbidega), (b) öeldisabiverb ning (c) peaverbi infinitiiv, supiinivorm või kesksõna või siis määrsõna vajāg ‘vaja’ koos sihitisnoomeniga.Märksõnad: liivi keel, sund, kohustus, vajadus, kogeja, kogejamäärus daativisKubbõvõtāmi. Tiit-Rein Viitso. Võttõd ja pǟlõpandõd tīedõbõd ja vajāgõmõd ulzõkītõmi līvõ kīelsõ. Līvõ kīelsõ sǭbõd võttõd ja pǟlõpandõd tīedõbõd ja vajāgõmõd ulzõ kītõd pǟažālistõz konstruktsijd abkõks, kunā kūlõbõd abtīemizsõnād piḑīm ja piḑīks, tūlda, lǟdõ, vȱlda ja līdõ nõtkijid formõd. Konstruktsijd sūr lug sǭb lītiņtõd īdtuoistõn alīzeitõks pǟlõ, mingiztõn um kuolm komponentõ: (a) kāndatiji subjekt nominatīvs agā kāndatiji objekt datīvs, (b) predikātabtīemizsõnā, (c) pǟtīemizsõnā infinitīv, supīn form agā vaitsõnā agā siz advärb vajāg objektažāsõnāks.
DATABASE FOR INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC PASSPORT KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM OF A TECHNOLOGICAL MECHATRONIC OBJECT
Authors: Tugengold Andrey Kirillovich , Lysenko Alexey Fedorovich , Goncharov Oleg Valentinovich
Published: July 2014

In terms of the conceptual approach to the intelligent electronic documentation of mechatronic technological objects, the recommendations on the knowledge system database construction are given. The requirements with which databases of the intelligent electronic documentation of mechatronic objects shall comply are described, and the utilization of the relevant standards including S1000D is proved. An example of the database creation included in the knowledge system for improving the technological object performance quality is considered. The database structure and content are described. The structure of a database XML-document by the example of the multifunction processing center is given, and its nodes are described. A fragment of the database XML-document created in accordance with the above mentioned structure is illustrated. The database performance of the multifunction processing center is designed on the basis on the presented approach.
ON STRENGTHENING TREATMENT FEATURES UNDER VIBROWAVE LOADING
Authors: Babichev Anatoly Prokofyevich , Koval Nikolay Sergeyevich , Alexeyenko Alexandra Vladimirovna , Maximov Dmitry Valeryevich
Published: July 2014

The problems associated with the possibility of the effective use of percussion-wave phenomena to create and implement advanced technological processes in industries are considered. Based on the analysis of vibrowave treatment process diagrams, the main steps of the method implementation are identified: deformation wave shaping, wave propagation, behavior, and affecting on the processed surface of the workpiece material. The experimental research on the wave processes under vibrowave part processing is resulted. It is shown that the skin hardening is affected by the deformation waves (their summation, dispersion into the environment, refraction), as well as by some part specifications of the waveguide devices and instruments. The most common vibrowave treatment process diagrams are performed, issues on their development are considered.
DISSIMILAR METALS CONNECTION THROUGH FRICTION STIR WELDING (CU-AL)
Authors: Bubenok Evgeny Sergeyevich
Published: July 2014

The aim of the paper is to analyze the existing techniques of producing copper and aluminum compounds. The subject matter was to study the possibility of using FSW for producing copper and aluminum compounds. The process of producing the copper and aluminum lap joints is described, welding conditions are discussed. The copper and aluminum overlap joints microstructure is investigated. The factors affecting the strength of copper and aluminum lap joints implemented through FSW are analyzed. The corrugation effect is investigated, and the remaining hole is studied to the strength of the welded joint. Stress distribution diagrams in the copper and aluminum lap joints are shown. The tests to the strength of various lap joints are resulted, the weld cut structure is analyzed, its processibility is estimated, and the joint strength improvement method is presented.
INDUCED BANDGAP AND MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR IN ZIGZAG GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS ON HEXAGONAL NITRIDE BORON: EDGE AND SUBSTRATE EFFECTS
Authors: Ilyasov Viсtor Vasilyevich , Meskhi Besarion Chokhoyevich , Chuong Nguyen Van , Chien Nguyen Duc
Published: July 2014

The results of DFT research on the band structure of zigzag graphene nanoribbons N-ZGNR/h-BN(0001) with ferro- and antiferromagnetic ordering are presented. It is suitable as a potential base for new materials for spintronics. Equilibrium parameters of the graphene nanoribbon atomic structure and boron nitride top layer are determined as well as the equilibrium bond length   between atomic layers of the 8-ZGNR nanoribbon and the substrate h-BN(0001). Change regularities of the valence band electronic structure and of the energy gap induction in series 6-ZGNR→ 8-ZGNR→ 6-ZGNR/h-BN(0001)→ 8-ZGNR/h-BN(0001)→ graphene/h-BN(0001) are studied. Spin state features at Fermi level, as well as the roles of the edge effect and the effect of substrate in the formation of the band gap in 6(8)-ZGNR/h-BN(0001) system are discussed. It is shown that 340 meV energy gap appears in 6(8)-ZGNR/h-BN(0001) systems. The contribution of the graphene nanoribbon edge and substrate in opening this energy gap is differentiated. Local magnetic moments on the carbon atoms in graphene nanoribbons in the suspended state and on the substrate with ferro- and antiferromagnetic ordering are estimated. It is shown that the local magnetic moments on the carbon atoms in zigzag graphene nanoribbons 8-ZGNRs with ferro- and antiferromagnetic ordering give almost identical values. The edge carbon atoms possess the largest local magnetic moments (0,28) relative to other carbon atoms.
PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE OF MACHINE-PROCESS UNITS BASED ON THE FIFTH-GENERATION MOBILE UTILITIES
Authors: Lipkovich Edward Iosifovich , Shchirov Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: July 2014

The problem of a comparative evaluation of a new technique design under developing the engineering solution and documentation is set. The created fifth-generation mobile power unit (MPU) is compared to the modern machine-process units based on a modern tractor identical in a draught class. The problem is solved through a numerically-analytical method with the parameter synthesis of the multipurpose machine-process units. The problem solution is reduced to detailed calculations in both variants. A nine-field grain zonal rotation rich in green sowing is considered. The analysis has shown that the created MPU with a variable-speed tram drive, two hinged systems unified in load-carrying capacity, and two power-takeoff shafts, will provide unit cost reduction actually caused by the design at a minimum 500 Rub./ha. MPU specifications are as follows: 50 kN class, 220 kW capacity, 9000…9500 kg weight. The essential novelty that distinguishes a new MPU from the standard tractors is provided through the usage of complex multipurpose operations.
Production and growth characteristics of hybrids in the genus Betula: developmental and environmental factors
Authors: Исаков  , Isakov Igor , Мацнева  , Matsneva Mariya
Published: July 2014

The data on the growth in height of hybrids between local birches, introduced species, growing in different edaphic conditions are presented. Literature review of the possibility of hybridization and data on artificial hybridization in the genus Betula is provided. Importance of this trend for high-forms in woody plants is noted. The data on the history of hybridization and the opinions of scholars on this issue are given. Statistical processing of the experimental data is made. The data showing the benefits of birch families of specific genetic origin are obtained. On less nutritious soils high-self-fertile forms of birches grow faster.
Condition and productivity of the middle-aged oak seed forest of Shipov forest created by G.G. Yunash
Authors: Мусиевский  , Musievskiy Aleksandr , Кравченкова  , Kravchenkova N.
Published: July 2014

Oak forests occupy relatively small area of about 1 % (seed origin - less than 0.4 %) of the total forest area in Russia, which continues to decline steadily. The problem of restoring sustainable oak forests of seed origin is one of the most painful. In Shipov forest of Voronezh region from 1875 to 1950 15.1 thousand hectares of crops was created, of which only about 2 hectares survived, the vast majority died or it is a small admixture in stands of natural origin.
Geography of Mermithidae (Mermithida, Nematoda) – abdominal parasites of invertebrates
Authors: Харченко  , Kharchenko Nikolay
Published: July 2014

The first attempt for zoogeographic zoning of Mermithidae – one of the first cavity parasites of invertebrate pests in the world was made. More than 90 genera and 615 species are listed as a part of families of the order Mermithida, many of which can not be diagnosed. As a result of our sxurvey all 19 genera justified only on larvae are completely excluded from the list of generic names. 16 genera was recognized as insufficiently described, species of which are characterized by the typical features of only sex or described superficially. 13 genera are reduced in synonyms. Among valid, 45 genera are assigned, including 215 species that best meets the diagnoses of these genera.
Environmental groups of burrowing animals of Central forest steppe and their response to the economic development of the landscape
Authors: Харченко  , Kharchenko Nikolay
Published: July 2014

Comprehensive activity (in %) to absorb anthropogenic landscapes by burrowing animals from different ecological groups is established. It is concluded that the biocenosis and environmental functions of burrowing animals are becoming more relevant to conditions of modern forest-field and development levels of industrial production, transport networks and other structures in the region.
Water permeability of frozen ordinary chernozem and light-brown soils of the Lower Volga region under the influence of potassium carbonate
Authors: Чалова  , Chalova Olga
Published: July 2014

Following results were obtained: soil permeability is directly related to the mechanical composition, soil pore size, moisture content and temperature of the frozen soil, the presence of "barrier layer." Water infiltration into frozen soil is significantly lower than in the thawed one. In all test samples linear dependence of defrost time and the percentage of thawed soil from the amount potassium carbonate was defined. The dependence of the amount of thawing time on frozen soil volume is defined. The optimum pH value of the solution of potassium carbonate, permissible to use on light-brown soils and ordinary chernozems is revealed.
Features of inertial characteristics of the raft, including float units of stabilized buoyancy at free movement
Authors: Гоптарев  , Goptarev S. , Васильев  , Vasilyev Vladimir , Афоничев  , Afonichev Dmitriy
Published: July 2014

Nonlinear differential equations are presented that fully describe the process of free acceleration of the raft in the river flow and free braking of the raft in a stationary liquid, and take into account all the main forces of the natural character acting on the raft during movement. Solution of nonlinear differential equations presented at a different direction of external forces on the raft, allowed to establish a number of key dependencies to determine the duration and the desired path during acceleration of the raft in the river flow to the speed of the river and braking of the raft in a stationary liquid until it stops.
Regulations on inventory of wood bark in the trunks and of assortments birch
Authors: Ветров  , Vetrov Leonid
Published: July 2014

Percentage of bark in trunks and roundwood is investigated produced from birch (Betula verrucosa) in conditions of the Leningrad region. Background information for the study were the data on the inventory of model trees made at the trial plots laid down in parts of the region with a share of birch more than 30 %. Volumes of trunks and volumes of individual assortments in the bark and without bark were calculated from the sum of the volumes of sections. Bark content was determined as a percentage from volume with bark for trunks and without bark - for assortments.
On the introduction of northern oak in subordinate crops of Bryansk forest area
Authors: Шошин  , Shoshin Vladimir , Граборов  , Graborov Aleksandr
Published: July 2014

Distinctive features in the growth and accumulation of annual biomass of seedlings of the studied species under different illumination are revealed. Such indicators as leaves relative weight (LWR), speed of leaf apparatus (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) are calculated, which served for a more objective characteristics of the growth of northern and English oak at different degrees of shading. It is found that at deficiency of photosynthetically active radiation the introduced oak seedlings start to accumulate a large mass of foliage, which in its turn leads to the formation of a larger area of the assimilation apparatus.
Influence of electromagnetic treatment of fillers on physical and chemical properties of the adhesive compositions for plywood manufacture
Authors: Бельчинская  , Belchinskaya Larisa , Анисимов  , Anisimov Maksim , Попов  , Popov Viktor
Published: July 2014

During this work the reduction of emissions of free formaldehyde of the cured adhesive composition for the manufacture of environmentally friendly plywood is identified, through the introduction of pre-activated sorbent of fillers into its composition, as well as reducing internal stresses in the adhesive layer of the cured binder. The resulting effects are related with the use of adhesive formulations of different sorbents fillers subjected to preactivation in various electromagnetic fields (fields over high frequency and weak pulsed magnetic fields).
Mathematical modeling of timber elastic-viscous-plastic deformation in the wood drying process
Authors: Соколовский  , Sokolovskiy Yaroslav , Крошный  , Kroshnyy Igor , Прусак  , Prusak Yuriy
Published: July 2014

In the paper there is described solving a current scientific problem of mathematical modeling of heat-mass transfer processes and elastic-viscous-plastic deformation taking into account the mechanics and sorption creep in hygroscopic capillary-porous materials with variable anisotropic heat and mechanics characteristics what is of importance for the rational choice and substantiation of energy conservative technologies of timber drying under the conditions of necessary qualitative production providing.
Effect of water absorption on the properties of wood in polymer concrete composite material
Authors: Стородубцева  , Storodubtseva Tamara , Томилин  , Tomilin Andrey
Published: July 2014

The dependences of the main mechanical characteristics of polymer-matrix composite material on the content of the structure-forming components are examined: modifying fillers, retarder of crystallization reaction and reinforcing fillers, which are injected into the composition first separately, and then simultaneously. The studies revealed the presence of synergistic effects, ensuring the formation of a solid structure of finite composites, as well as hydrophobicity of the structure-forming components of the material.
Methods of calculating and measuring the average width of the unedged boards
Authors: Уласовец  , Ulasovets Vadim
Published: July 2014

The evaluation of the recommendations of the European and national standards for the calculation of the piece volume of unedged boards is given. The basis of this method, recommended by standards, is the method for calculating the average width of unedged boards as the arithmetic average of the widths of the inner and outer sawn faces of boards, measured in the middle of its length. Based on the conducted analyzes, the dependence of the average width of the edging board on the shape of side forming logs, its diameter, rise ratio, place of the board in sawing pattern, as well as ways of ripping is defined.
Modern development of designs of tree planting machines abroad
Authors: Попов  , Popov I.
Published: July 2014

The article is devoted to the modern development of tree planting machines abroad and use of the experience in the development of more modern designs. Over the last fifty years in the mechanization of forest planting there has been a huge leap. Early tree-planting machines worked on the principle of continuous formation of the landing slots. With the passage of time aggregates have been developed forming discontinuous furrow for planting. In contrast to the tree planting continuous machines, units of this type provide individual deepenings or small furrows at regular intervals and automatically place seedlings in them.
Attachment energy saving gripping device for chokerless timber skidding when thinning
Authors: Латышева  , Latysheva M. , Зеликов  , Zelikov Vladimir , Посметьев  , Posmetev Valeriy , Попиков  , Popikov Petr , Канищев  , Kanishchev Denis
Published: July 2014

Hydrokinetic diagram of the device for chokerless skidding is presented. Chokerless device for logging includes a frame, capture with two jaws and hydraulic cylinder of jaw gripping attached to the hinged system of tractor, linked via a double-hinged capture unit to one end of the bell crank, and between the second end of the bell crank and the frame there is pivotally mounted hydraulic cylinder for additional amortization of oscillations of grapple. The mathematical model of the process of logging trees is made. It includes a differential equation of whips pack and differential equation of motion of the accumulator piston.
Multiattribute Procurement Auctions: Efficiency and Social Welfare in Theory and Practice
Authors: Kersten Gregory E.
Published: July 2014

One of the standard assumptions in auction theory is that preferences can be represented with quasilinear utility. This assumption is of particular significance in reverse auctions, which are used in procurement. This paper presents an analysis of quasilinear utilities and their implications. Building on observations of scholars in economics and decision sciences, who note that quasilinear preferences may be rare in practice, the paper shows that in the procurement of goods and services, price is often interrelated with costs. When preferences can be represented with convex or concave utilities, the alternatives in which the buyer's surplus is maximized are different from those that maximize social welfare. The result is that reverse auctions may cause a significant loss of social welfare, which is of particular significance for public organizations. The analysis of concave efficient frontiers in the utility space shows that it is possible to determine deals that yield greater social welfare than the winning bids. If the winning seller is willing to share the increase in utility with the buyer who faces a loss, then these alternatives can produce, for both the buyer and the seller, utility values that are higher than the utility values produced by the winning bid.
Contracts, Biases, and Consumption of Access Services
Authors: Leider Stephen , Şahin Özge
Published: July 2014

We study theoretically and empirically the consumption of access services. We demonstrate that consumption is affected by contract structure (pay-per-use versus three-part tariffs) even if the optimal consumption plans are identical. We find that, although there is extensive individual heterogeneity, on average, consumers' choices follow a structure that is similar to a nearly optimal heuristic and correctly react to imbalances between the number of free calls and call opportunities remaining. However, consumers use the free units too quickly, leading to overconsumption and lost surplus. These errors are partially driven by mistaken beliefs about the value distribution. We also measure subjects' willingness to pay for a contract with free access units, and we find that nearly half of subjects are willing to pay at least the full per-unit price, with a substantial fraction willing to overpay. In response, the optimal firm strategy offers a three-part tariff at a very small discount, which increases revenue by 8%–14% compared to only offering a pay-per-use contract.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1889 .

This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Electric Vehicles with a Battery Switching Station: Adoption and Environmental Impact
Authors: Avci Buket , Girotra Karan , Netessine Serguei
Published: July 2014

The transportation sector's carbon footprint and dependence on oil are of deep concern to policy makers in many countries. Use of all-electric drive trains is arguably the most realistic medium-term solution to address these concerns. However, motorist anxiety induced by an electric vehicle's limited range and high battery cost have constrained consumer adoption. A novel switching-station-based solution is touted as a promising remedy. Vehicles use standardized batteries that, when depleted, can be switched for fully charged batteries at switching stations, and motorists only pay for battery use. We build a model that highlights the key mechanisms driving adoption and use of electric vehicles in this new switching-station-based electric vehicle system and contrast it with conventional electric vehicles. Our model employs results from repairable item inventory theory to capture switching-station operation; we embed this model in a behavioral model of motorist use and adoption. Switching-station systems effectively transfer range risk from motorists to the station operator, who, through statistical economies of scale, can better manage it. We find that this transfer of risk can lead to higher electric vehicle adoption than in a conventional system, but it also encourages more driving than a conventional system does. We calibrate our models with motorist behavior data, electric vehicle technology data, operation costs, and emissions data to estimate the relative effectiveness of the two systems under the status quo and other plausible future scenarios. We find that the system that is more effective at reducing emissions is often less effective at reducing oil dependence, and the misalignment between the two objectives is most severe when the energy mix is coal heavy and has advanced battery technology. Increases in gasoline prices (by imposition of taxes, for instance) are much more effective in reducing carbon emissions, whereas battery-price-reducing policy interventions are more effective for reducing oil dependence. Taken together, our results help a policy maker identify the superior system for achieving the desired objectives. They also highlight that policy makers should not conflate the dual objectives of oil dependence and emissions reductions as the preferred system, and the policy interventions that further that system may be different for the two objectives.

This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Double-Sided Batch Queues with Abandonment: Modeling Crossing Networks
Authors: Afèche Philipp , Diamant Adam , Milner Joseph
Published: July 2014

We study a double-sided queue with batch arrivals and abandonment. There are two types of customers, patient ones who queue but may later abandon, and impatient ones who depart immediately if their order is not filled. The system matches units from opposite sides of the queue based on a first-come first-served policy. The model is particularly applicable to a class of alternative trading systems called crossing networks that are increasingly important in the operation of modern financial markets. We characterize, in closed form, the steady-state queue length distribution and the system-level average system time and fill rate. These appear to be the first closed-form results for a double-sided queuing model with batch arrivals and abandonment. For a customer who arrives to the system in steady state, we derive formulae for the expected fill rate and system time as a function of her order size and deadline. We compare these system- and customer-level results for our model that captures abandonment in aggregate, to simulation results for a system in which customers abandon after some random deadline. We find close correspondence between the predicted performance based on our analytical results and the performance observed in the simulation. Our model is particularly accurate in approximating the performance in systems with low fill rates, which are representative of crossing networks.
Single Institute Experience with the Use of ConPaS Technique for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kovacs A , Antal G , Glavak CS , Zadori P , Bajzik G , Hadjiev J , Lakosi F , Vandulek C , Repa I
Published: July 2014

Aim: In the complex therapy of head neck cancers modern 3D based radiotherapy plays an important role. The parotid sparing effect of intensity modulated radiotherapy is proven, but in many patients the conventional 3D based techniques are still being used. Since 2006 the “Conpas” technique has been routinely used in our institution for the treatment of locally advanced head neck tumor patients. The aim of our study was to analyze the dosimetry, survival and side effect profile of this 3D based treatment modality. 
Patient and Methods: Between 01.07.2006 and 31.11.2008 a total of 83 patients were treated using this technique. An elective dose of 50,4 Gy was prescribed to the primary tumor and the bilateral neck node regions, followed by a simple two field boost to the primary tumor region (up to 70Gy). We retrospectively analyzed the following factors related to this method: dosimetry profile (PTV and OR doses, focusing on parotid gland doses), clinical responses, local and distant progression free survival profile, acute and late side effects. 
Results: The mean dose of primary tumors was 71.98 Gy, the elective region dose of 50.4 Gy was achieved in all cases. Following the treatment in 37 patients complete clinical response in 25 cases partial response in 5 cases stable disease and in 16 cases progressive disease was registered. The mean overall survival was 30,06 months, the mean disease free survival was 25,82 months. When reporting the superficial lobe volumes in “lower” tumor locations good mean parotid doses were achieved (25.3 Gy and 23.4 Gy). Comparing the acute side effect profiles in the “upper” localized group higher rate of Grade III xerostomia (21% vs. 2%, p?0.05) and dermatitis (27% vs. 6%, p?0.05) were observed compared to “lower” localization group. In the “upper” localized group the late xerostomia (grade 2-3) rate was also higher (8% vs. 0%, p?0.05). 
Conclusion: Based on our experience Conpas technique is feasible technique for treatment of advanced head neck cancer patients. Our clinical outcome, dosimetry and follow up results show that this technique should be used successfully in patients with ”lower” localized primer tumor sites. High attention should be addressed when reporting parotid doses.
Sustainability Through Technology Licensing and Commercialization: Lessons Learned
from the TRIAD Project
Authors: Payne Philip R.O.
Published: July 2014

Ongoing transformation relative to the funding climate for healthcare research
programs housed in academic and non-profit research organizations has led to a new (or
renewed) emphasis on the pursuit of non-traditional sustainability models. This need is
often particularly acute in the context of data management and sharing infrastructure
that is developed under the auspices of such research initiatives. One option for
achieving sustainability of such data management and sharing infrastructure is the
pursuit of technology licensing and commercialization, in an effort to establish
public-private or equivalent partnerships that sustain and even expand upon the
development and dissemination of research-oriented data management and sharing
technologies. However, the critical success factors for technology licensing and
commercialization efforts are often unknown to individuals outside of the private
sector, thus making this type of endeavor challenging to investigators in academic and
non-profit settings. In response to such a gap in knowledge, this article will review a
number of generalizable lessons learned from an effort undertaken at The Ohio State
University to commercialize a prototypical research-oriented data management and sharing
infrastructure, known as the Translational Research Informatics and Data Management
(TRIAD) Grid. It is important to note that the specific emphasis of these lessons
learned is on the early stages of moving a technology from the research setting into a
private-sector entity and as such are particularly relevant to academic investigators
interested in pursuing such activities.
Temperature Effects on the Crystallinity of Synthetic Nontronite and Implications for Nontronite Formation in Columbia River Basalts
Authors: Baker Leslie L. , Strawn Daniel G.
Published: July 2014

The formation conditions of the ferric smectite nontronite are not fully understood. The present study couples experimental and analytical data with field observations in an attempt to constrain the rate and temperature of formation of naturally occurring nontronites from Columbia River Basalt flows. Synthetic Fe-Al-Si gels were incubated at temperatures ranging from 4 to 150°C for 4 weeks. Samples were analyzed using Fe K-edge X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XAFS). Spectra of the synthesized nontronites were compared with spectra of natural samples collected from weathered Columbia River Basalt flows. Cation ordering in the synthetic samples increased with incubation temperature, but the synthetic clays did not approach the degree of crystal ordering of the natural nontronite samples. These observations suggest that highly ordered natural nontronites require longer crystallization times than are typically used in laboratory experiments. The natural samples were found filling open cracks near flow surfaces, indicating that the clays formed at temperatures below the boiling point of water. A comparison of experimental and field timescales with other estimates of nontronite growth rates suggests that natural nontronite crystallization in the region must have occurred at ambient, near-surface temperatures over timescales of up to millions of years.
Stoichiometric Reactions Describing Serpentinization of Anhydrous Primary Silicates: A Critical Appraisal, with Application to Aqueous Alteration of Chondrule Silicates in CM Carbonaceous Chondrites
Authors: Velbel Michael A.
Published: July 2014

A number of chemical reactions (mass-action expressions) have been proposed to describe serpentinization of olivine in terrestrial serpentinites. Some have been applied to interpreting the formation of serpentine-group minerals in CM carbonaceous chondrites. The widely used olivine + pyroxene → serpentine (ol + px → srp) reaction is quantitatively inconsistent with observed ratios of olivine to pyroxene and olivine to serpentine in CM carbonaceous chondrites. The reaction of 5ol → 2srp is most consistent with constraints from textural observations at the scale of individual partial and complete pseudomorphs of serpentine after coarse olivine in CM chondrites, observed co-variations in modal abundances of reactant and product minerals in CM chondrites, and experimental geochemical kinetics. Furthermore, the 5ol → 2srp reaction provides insight into the mobility of solute species in the aqueous alteration environment of CM carbonaceous chondrites.
The National Green Tribunal of India: A Sustainable Future through the Principles of International Environmental Law
Authors: Gill Gitanjali Nain
Published: July 2014

Access to environmental justice is the first step to the achievement of environmental justice goals by articulating in the language of equity the assurance of legal standing for all affected and interested parties; the right of appeal or review; specialised environmental courts and other practical dispute resolution mechanisms. In this context, India's commitment to the newly formed National Green Tribunal (NGT) assumes a significant practical importance. In seeking a balanced judicial forum to advance green jurisprudence, the NGT is a ‘fast track’ court having wide powers, staffed by judges and environmental scientific experts. Section 20 of the National Green Tribunal Act 2010 mandates the application of the principles underpinning international environmental law, namely, sustainable development, precautionary and ‘polluter pays’ principles. This article addresses the application of these principles in the Indian context, thereby recognising its international commitments concerning environmental protection.
Noninvasive Detection of a Balanced Fetal Translocation from Maternal Plasma
Authors: Jensen Taylor J , Kim Sung K , van den Boom Dirk , Deciu Cosmin , Ehrich Mathias
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND

Massively parallel sequencing of circulating cell free (ccf) DNA from maternal plasma has been demonstrated to be a powerful method for the detection of fetal copy number variations (CNVs). Although the detection of CNVs has been described by multiple independent groups, genomic aberrations resulting in copy number–neutral events including balanced translocations have proven to be more challenging to detect noninvasively from ccf DNA.

METHODS

Data modeling was initially performed to evaluate multiple methods, ultimately leveraging the short length of ccf DNA and paired-end sequencing to construct read-specific mapping characteristics. After testing in a model system, we evaluated the methods on ccf DNA isolated from the plasma of a donor known to be carrying a fetus with a balanced translocation [t(8;11)]. Sequencing was performed with Illumina sequencing technology.

RESULTS

Our methodology identified the known translocation (P = 1.21 × 10−8) and discounted the likelihood of others, enabling the base specific identification of the rearrangement positions. In total, 402 unique sequencing reads spanned the putative breakpoints, of which 76 contained the structural rearrangement. In addition, 38 of the chimeric reads were mapped to each of the resulting derivative chromosomes, supporting the presence of a reciprocal translocation. Finally, we identified a 6-bp deletion present within der(8) that was absent from the der(11) reciprocal rearrangement.

CONCLUSIONS

We have developed an algorithm to detect balanced rearrangements and applied our methodology to demonstrate the first proof-of-principle study on the noninvasive detection of a fetal-specific balanced translocation by sequencing ccf DNA from maternal plasma.
The Italian anime boom: The outstanding success of Japanese animation in Italy, 1978–1984
Authors: Pellitteri Marco
Published: July 2014

Japanese animated series and films are, today, commonly named ‘anime’. Italy is the western market where the highest number of television anime were aired and theatrical anime released: it is a crucial context to assess the impact of anime on Western audiences. There is a lack of literature in English on the topic. This article provides information on the success of anime in Italy, with reference to the theatrical films released before the boom and a bibliography in Italian; indicates the main differences between the booms in Japan and Italy and gives hints on other national markets for anime; discusses the historical reasons of the arrival of anime in Italy; offers explanations on the stages of the success in this country (and in Western Europe) and in the United States before and during the boom, with the US market being a relevant touchstone; outlines the consumption model of television anime in Italy in the 1980s; provides critical remarks on the social–cultural features of the Italian anime boom as distinguished from the impact of anime on other national contexts. The article is informed by a multidisciplinary approach: cultural sociology, comparative media studies and animation studies.
The Changing Landscape of Hebraica Cataloging
Authors: Lovins Daniel
Published: July 2014

Hebraica catalogers, like other librarians, are witnessing a major shift in their profession. Catalog records for physical objects in the library are increasingly giving way to metadata for digital objects on the web. The RLG Union Catalog, a mainstay of Hebraica cataloging since 1988, has been absorbed into OCLC's WorldCat. Rapid advances in information technology are driving the development of a new international cataloging code, the introduction of multiple languages and scripts in online authority records, and the emergence of a "Virtual International Authority File." While these changes are redefining the kind of work Hebraica catalogers are engaged in, expertise in authority control and subject analysis remain essential elements in the emerging global network of libraries.
Recognizing Jewish Children's Literature For Forty Years: The Sydney Taylor Book Award
Authors: Pinchuck Kathe
Published: July 2014

The Association of Jewish Libraries has been presenting a children's book award for forty years. The author describes some of the history and background of the Sydney Taylor Book Award, as well as its mission of "encouraging the publication of outstanding books of Jewish content for children and teens." A description of the award's namesake and her importance to Jewish children's literature is followed by a review of some of the books and authors that have been honored. These demonstrate the high standards of the Sydney Taylor Book Award Committee, as well as the quality of Jewish children's literature. Prevalent themes and trends reflect the ever changing dynamic of contemporary Jewry.
Fundamental Non-convexity and Externalities: A Differentiable Approach
Authors: Ericson Richard E. , Kung Fan-chin
Published: July 2014

It is well known that externalities cause fundamental non-convexity problems in the production set. We demonstrate that the differentiable approach is a proper tool. Existence of equilibrium obtains without requiring aggregate convexity in consumption or production. Our model allows general externalities in consumption and production and also price dependency.
Chemical characterization and photoprotective activity measurement of extracts from the red macroalga Solieria chordalis
Authors: Bedoux Gilles , Hardouin Kevin , Marty Christel , Taupin Laure , Vandanjon Laurent , Bourgougnon Nathalie
Published: July 2014

The photoadaptive responses of macroalgal communities to abiotic stresses have been studied, and a number of UV-absorbing molecules have been identified. Among these compounds, photoprotective compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids and carotenoids have been isolated from various red macroalgal species. However, several substances still need to be characterized. We describe the preparation of photoprotective extracts obtained from Solieria chordalis. Two solvents, 2-octyl dodecanol and octyldodecyl ester of l-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, were selected based on their cosmetic functions for performing an ultrasound-assisted extraction. The efficiency of extraction was monitored by spectrophotometry and in vitro photoprotective activity measurements. 2-Octyl dodecanol and octyldodecyl ester of l-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid extracts showed maximum absorption wavelengths ranging from 280 to 340 nm and 270 to 350 nm, respectively. The anti UV-B capacity for protecting a synthetic chlorophyll solution was assessed by measuring its pseudo first-order degradation kinetics at room temperature. Under irradiation at 312 nm, chlorophyll introduced in the 2-octyl dodecanol S. chordalis extract showed the slowest degradation kinetics with a half-life t1/2 of 121.0 min. Several compounds were detected in the seaweed extract by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among them, the mycosporine-like amino acid, palythenic acid, was detected in the algal extract.
New derivatives of 4,6-dimethylisoxazolo[3,4-b] pyridin-3(1H)-one: synthesis, tautomerism, electronic structure and antibacterial activity
Authors: Sączewski Jarosław , Kędzia Anna , Jalińska Aleksandra
Published: July 2014

The electronic structure and prototropic tautomerism of 4,6-dimethylisoxazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3(1H)-one (1) were studied theoretically with use of the B3LYP/6-31G* and ωB97X-D/6-31G* density functional methods and SM8 (H2 O, DMF) solvation models. Compound 1, which is a weak acid with a pK
a of 6.9, undergoes regioselective alkylation and sulfonylation under basic reaction conditions to give a series of N1-substituted products 2a–i. Later compounds were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial activity with the use of 68 strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including 12 reference strains.
Material pocket dynamic mechanical analysis: a novel tool to study thermal transition in wood fibers plasticized by an ionic liquid (IL)
Authors: Ou Rongxian , Xie Yanjun , Wang Qingwen , Sui Shujuan , Wolcott Michael P.
Published: July 2014

The investigation of phase transition in powdered materials by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is not straightforward because powders are difficult to prepare in a solid compact form without altering their structure and properties. In this study, a material pocket (MP) method has been applied to provide physical support to powdered samples for DMA testing (MP-DMA). Poplar wood strips and four types of wood particles [native wood flour (WF), α-cellulose (αC), holocellulose (HC), and particles without hemicelluloses (HR)] were treated with an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim]Cl), to a weight percent gain (WPG) of 36%. Results show that all four [Emim]Cl-treated wood particles exhibited three apparent transition peaks over the measured temperature range. Paracrystalline cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin all exhibited a glass transition temperature (T
g) at approximately 85°C due to the plasticizing effect of [Emim]Cl. The transition peak at a higher temperature may be due to the melting of crystalline cellulose in [Emim]Cl. MP-DMA is an effective tool for direct monitoring the phase transition of powdered lignocellulosics. This provides new insight into the interactions of ILs and cell wall polymers, and the method established can be easily extended to other systems based on powdered samples.
Evaluation of a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development: views of the students based on qualitative evaluation
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Law Moon Y.M.
Published: July 2014

“Tomorrow’s Leaders” is a subject developed to satisfy the leadership and intrapersonal development requirement at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. After taking this subject, students were invited to use three descriptors and a metaphor to describe their experiences about the subject. Based on the reflections of 143 students, results showed that 94.4% of the descriptors used by informants were positive and 2.31% of the descriptors were negative. For the metaphors used to describe the subject, 92.7% were positive and 4.47% were negative. In conjunction with other findings, the present study suggests that Tomorrow’s Leaders is a subject that can promote the holistic development in Chinese university students in Hong Kong.