bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice Templated Free‐Standing Hierarchically WS2/CNT‐rGO Aerogel for High‐Performance Rechargeable Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ye , Kong Dezhi , Shi Wenhui , Liu Bo , Sim Glenn Joey , Ge Qi , Yang Hui Ying
Published: August 2016

A hybrid nanoarchitecture aerogel composed of WS2 nanosheets and carbon nanotube‐reduced graphene oxide (CNT‐rGO) with ordered microchannel three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold structure was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method followed by freeze‐drying and post annealing process. The 3D ordered microchannel structures not only provide good electronic transportation routes, but also provide excellent ionic conductive channels, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance as anode materials both for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Significantly, WS2/CNT‐rGO aerogel nanostructure can deliver a specific capacity of 749 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and a high first‐cycle coulombic efficiency of 53.4% as the anode material of LIBs. In addition, it also can deliver a capacity of 311.4 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, and retain a capacity of 252.9 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles as the anode electrode of SIBs. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between the WS2 nanosheets and CNT‐rGO scaffold network and rational design of 3D ordered structure. These results demonstrate the potential applications of ordered CNT‐rGO aerogel platform to support transition‐metal‐dichalcogenides (i.e., WS2) for energy storage devices and open up a route for material design for future generation energy storage devices.
Seasonal importance of flowers to Costa Rican capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator): Implications for plant and primate
Authors: Hogan Jeremy D. , Melin Amanda D. , Mosdossy Krisztina N. , Fedigan Linda M.
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Our goal is to investigate flower foraging by capuchin monkeys, a behavior rarely studied in wild primates. We ask what drives seasonal variation in florivory rates: flower quality and abundance or fluctuations in fruit and invertebrate abundances. We explore how capuchins affect the reproductive success of flower food species by quantifying the potential pollination rate.

Materials and Methods

We followed capuchin groups from dawn to dusk and recorded all flower foraging bouts. Flower food nutritional composition was compared to fruit and invertebrate foods. We recorded overall flower, fruit, and invertebrate abundances and compared the rate of flower foraging to these. We estimated the likelihood of pollination from the proportion of flower patch visits to each plant species that satisfied minimum behavioral requirements.

Results

Flower eating was highly seasonal, and was significantly negatively related to overall fruit and invertebrate abundance but not flower abundance. Although smaller than most fruits, flowers were nutritionally comparable to fruit foods by dry mass and contained higher average concentrations of protein. Capuchins are likely pollinators for Luehea speciosa; most foraging visits to this species occurred in a manner that makes outcrossing or geitonogamous pollination likely.

Discussion

Flowers are an important seasonal resource for capuchins. Flowers likely act as fallback foods during periods of reduced fruit and invertebrate abundance, and may exert evolutionary pressure disproportionate to their consumption. Capuchin florivory likely affects the reproductive success of some plants, potentially shaping forest structure. Our study illustrates the value of assessing the importance of rare foods in the primate diet.
Indirect effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on UV‐blocking efficiency of TiO2@PVP‐CTAB@SiO2 core‐shell nanohybrid particles
Authors: Mohammadi Aslzadeh Mohammad , Abdouss Majid , Mousavi Shoushtari Ahmad , Ghanbari Firouz
Published: August 2016

In this study, a novel and useful approach to fabricate
@PVP‐CTAB@
(TPS) nanohybrid as an effective light stabilizer agent has been reported. Also, the indirect role of the Polyvinylpyrrolidone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on UV (ultraviolet) protection properties of nanohybrid particles was investigated. In addition, comparative studies were carried out to evaluate the photocatalytic and UV protection properties of
@
(TS), commercial
(US3490), synthesized
nanparticles, and TPS nanoparticles. Furthermore, the UV protection property of 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)−4, 6‐bis (1‐methyl‐1‐phenylethyl) phenol, as an organic anti UV, was also compared with TPS nanoparticles. The as prepared nanohybrid was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. FESEM and TEM micrographs show monodispersity and nano‐metric size of TPS. Rhodamine B degradation study clearly shows that TPS present the lowest photocatalytic property. Also, UV‐Vis spectroscopy results show that the TPS nanoparticles illustrate higher UV blocking ability comparing to other presented anti UV materials. TPS with convenient and useful synthesis method, high UV blocking ability, and little effect on polymer matrix can be introduced as a novel UV‐blocking agent in polyurethane matrix. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44148.
Low‐cost, environmentally friendly route to produce glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites with microfibrillated cellulose interphase
Authors: Uribe B. E. B. , Carvalho A. J. F. , Tarpani J. R.
Published: August 2016

In this article, an easy, effective, and eco‐friendly method to improve the mechanical performance of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites is proposed, which involves the coating of unsized glass fiber fabric layers by simple immersion in an aqueous suspension containing sugarcane bagasse microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), followed by vacuum‐assisted liquid resin infusion as the processing method. From atomic force microscopy, a 250 nm MFC‐rich interphase was found, revealing its ability to build micro‐ and nanobridges acting as bulk epoxy matrix and GF linker. The interlaminar shear strength, quasi‐static tensile, and flexural tests, as well as the morphological and fractographic inspection of test coupons containing the secondary substructure, broadly supported the assumption of the efficient role on the interfacial level of this nano reinforcement by enhancing the load transference and distribution from the polymer matrix to the main reinforcing fiber system compared to baseline unsized fiber‐reinforced epoxy laminates. This finding permits this class of composite materials to be considered as having great potential to achieve products with excellent performance/cost ratios. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44183.
Crystallization kinetics, mechanical properties, and hydrolytic degradation of novel eco‐friendly poly(butylene diglycolate) containing ether linkages
Authors: Jiang Feiyuan , Qiu Zhaobin
Published: August 2016

The basic thermal properties, isothermal melt crystallization kinetics, spherulitic morphology, mechanical properties, and hydrolytic degradation behavior of a novel eco‐friendly polyester poly(butylene diglycolate) (PBDG) containing ether linkages were systematically studied with several techniques in this research. PBDG is an aliphatic polyester with high thermal stability. It had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −25.7 °C, a melting point temperature of 65.1 °C, and an equilibrium melting point of 73.2 °C. During the isothermal melt crystallization, PBDG crystallized slowly with increasing crystallization temperature, but the crystallization mechanism did not change. Negative spherulites were observed for PBDG. The mechanical properties of PBDG were investigated from the tensile testing. As a ductile polyester, PBDG possessed good mechanical properties. PBDG also showed a fast hydrolytic degradation rate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44186.
Multiplex 16S rRNA‐derived geno‐biochip for detection of 16 bacterial pathogens from contaminated foods
Authors: Shin Hwa Hui , Hwang Byeong Hee , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: August 2016

Foodborne diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria occur worldwide. To prevent foodborne diseases and minimize their impacts, it is important to inspect contaminated foods and specifically detect many types of pathogenic bacteria. Several DNA oligonucleotide biochips based on 16S rRNA have been investigated to detect bacteria; however, a mode of detection that can be used to detect diverse pathogenic strains and to examine the safety of food matrixes is still needed. In the present work, a 16S rRNA gene‐derived geno‐biochip detection system was developed after screening DNA oligonucleotide specific capture probes, and it was validated for multiple detection of 16 pathogenic strains that frequently occur with a signature pattern. rRNAs were also used as detection targets directly obtained from cell lysates without any purification and amplification steps in the bacterial cells separated from 8 food matrixes by simple pretreatments. Thus, the developed 16S rRNA‐derived geno‐biochip can be successfully used for the rapid and multiple detection of the 16 pathogenic bacteria frequently isolated from contaminated foods that are important for food safety.
A versatile modular bioreactor platform for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Schuerlein Sebastian , Schwarz Thomas , Krziminski Steffan , Gätzner Sabine , Hoppensack Anke , Schwedhelm Ivo , Schweinlin Matthias , Walles Heike , Hansmann Jan
Published: August 2016

Tissue Engineering (TE) bears potential to overcome the persistent shortage of donor organs in transplantation medicine. Additionally, TE products are applied as human test systems in pharmaceutical research to close the gap between animal testing and the administration of drugs to human subjects in clinical trials. However, generating a tissue requires complex culture conditions provided by bioreactors. Currently, the translation of TE technologies into clinical and industrial applications is limited due to a wide range of different tissue‐specific, non‐disposable bioreactor systems. To ensure a high level of standardization, a suitable cost‐effectiveness, and a safe graft production, a generic modular bioreactor platform was developed. Functional modules provide robust control of culture processes, e.g. medium transport, gas exchange, heating, or trapping of floating air bubbles. Characterization revealed improved performance of the modules in comparison to traditional cell culture equipment such as incubators, or peristaltic pumps. By combining the modules, a broad range of culture conditions can be achieved. The novel bioreactor platform allows using disposable components and facilitates tissue culture in closed fluidic systems. By sustaining native carotid arteries, engineering a blood vessel, and generating intestinal tissue models according to a previously published protocol the feasibility and performance of the bioreactor platform was demonstrated.
Reduce violations by engaging coaches, staff, student‐athletes in compliance education
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2016

DALLAS — When presented properly, compliance education can prevent violations and negative publicity for your athletics department and school.
Piptadenin, a Novel 3,4‐Secooleanane Triterpene and Piptadenamide, a New Ceramide from the Stem Bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook.f.) Brenan
Authors: Dawé Amadou , Mbiantcha Marius , Fongang Yannick , Nana William Yosseu , Yakai Fawai , Ateufack Gilbert , Shaiq Muhammad Ali , Lubna Iqbal , Lateef Mehreen , Ngadjui Bonaventure Tchaleu
Published: August 2016

Piptadenin (1), a new triterpene along with piptadenamide (10), a new ceramide, have been isolated from the AcOEt‐soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of the stem bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum along with nine known compounds, 1‐O‐[(3β,22β)‐3,22‐dihydroxy‐28‐oxoolean‐12‐en‐28‐yl]‐β‐d‐glucopyranose (2), 22β‐hydroxyoleanic acid (3), oleanic acid (4), lupeol (5), betulinic acid (6), 5α‐stigmasta‐7,22‐dien‐3β‐ol (7), 5α‐stigmasta‐7,22‐dien‐3‐one (8), (3β)‐stigmast‐5‐en‐3‐yl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (9) and 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl hexacosanoate (11). Except for compound 11, all the isolated compounds are reported for the first time from this plant. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR. The pure compounds 1 – 11 were subjected to the pharmacological screening and compounds 2, 5 – 7 and 9 exhibited potent urease inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 25.8, 28.9, 30.1, 31.8 and 32.7 μm, respectively, whereas compound 1 showed moderate activity (IC50 = 98.7 μm). The potent urease inhibitory activity supplemented the previous literature reports and medicinal uses of this plant.
Dioxygen Activation by a Hexagonal SrMnO3 Perovskite Catalyst for Aerobic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation
Authors: Kawasaki Shuma , Kamata Keigo , Hara Michikazu
Published: August 2016

Heterogeneous catalysts, which allow a reductive activation of dioxygen (O2) under mild reaction conditions, are promising candidates for highly efficient aerobic oxidation. An effective hexagonal SrMnO3 (SMO) perovskite catalyst for liquid‐phase selective oxidation with O2 was successfully synthesized by the polymerized complex method. The activity of SMO for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols was higher than those of typical manganese oxide‐based catalysts and was heterogeneous, so that the recovered catalyst could be reused without heat treatment under oxidative conditions while keeping its high catalytic performance. The reversible reaction on the surface Mn species on SMO with O2 leads to the formation of Mn–superoxo species, which catalyze the selective oxidative transformation of various types of organic substrates into the desired oxygenated or dehydrogenated products.
Sol–Gel Immobilized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Complex as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Rearrangement of Allylic Esters and the Cycloisomerization of γ‐Alkynoic Acids
Authors: Ferré Meritxell , Cattoën Xavier , Wong Chi Man Michel , Pleixats Roser
Published: August 2016

The synthesis of a bis‐silylated (NHC)AuCl (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) complex and the formation of a hybrid silica material by the sol–gel process by cogelification with tetraethylorthosilicate under fluoride catalysis are described. This material was characterized by using 29Si solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, N2 sorption measurements, electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. It was tested as a reusable catalyst in the rearrangement of allylic esters in conjunction with a silver salt under microwave conditions and it displayed a much better performance than a homogeneous analogue. This catalyst is active and recyclable in the cycloisomerization of γ‐alkynoic acids to five‐membered enol‐lactones at room temperature in two reaction media, a toluene/water biphasic system and a deep eutectic solvent.
Glycoluril‐Derived Molecular Clips are Potent and Selective Receptors for Cationic Dyes in Water
Authors: She Nengfang , Moncelet Damien , Gilberg Laura , Lu Xiaoyong , Sindelar Vladimir , Briken Volker , Isaacs Lyle
Published: August 2016

Molecular clip 1 remains monomeric in water and engages in host–guest recognition processes with suitable guests. We report the Ka values for 32 1⋅guest complexes measured by 1H NMR, UV/Vis, and fluorescence titrations. The cavity of 1 is shaped by aromatic surfaces of negative electrostatic potential and therefore displays high affinity and selectivity for planar and cationic aromatic guests that distinguishes it from CB[n] receptors that prefer aliphatic over aromatic guests. Electrostatic effects play a dominant role in the recognition process whereby ion–dipole interactions may occur between ammonium ions and the C=O groups of 1, between the SO3− groups of 1 and pendant cationic groups on the guest, and within the cavity of 1 by cation–π interactions. Host 1 displays a high affinity toward dicationic guests with large planar aromatic surfaces (e.g. naphthalene diimide NDI+ and perylene diimide PDI+) and cationic dyes derived from acridine (e.g. methylene blue and azure A). The critical importance of cation–π interactions was ascertained by a comparison of analogous neutral and cationic guests (e.g. methylene violet vs. methylene blue; quinoline vs. N‐methylquinolinium; acridine vs. N‐methylacridinium; neutral red vs. neutral red H+) the affinities of which differ by up to 380‐fold. We demonstrate that the high affinity of 1 toward methylene blue (Ka=3.92×107 m−1; Kd=25 nm) allows for the selective sequestration and destaining of U87 cells stained with methylene blue.
Identification of Limonol Derivatives as Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Inhibitors through a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Chini Maria G. , Malafronte Nicola , Vaccaro Maria C. , Gualtieri Maria J. , Vassallo Antonio , Vasaturo Michele , Castellano Sabrina , Milite Ciro , Leone Antonietta , Bifulco Giuseppe , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Dal Piaz Fabrizio
Published: August 2016

The identification of inhibitors of Hsp90 is currently a primary goal in the development of more effective drugs for the treatment of various types of multidrug resistant malignancies. In an attempt to identify new small molecules modulating the activity of Hsp90, we screened a small library of tetranortriterpenes. A high‐affinity interaction with Hsp90 inducible form was uncovered for eight of these compounds, five of which are described here for the first time. By monitoring the ATPase activity and the citrate synthase thermal induced aggregation, compound 1 (cedrelosin A), 3 (7α‐limonylacetate), and 5 (cedrelosin B), containing a limonol moiety, were found to be the most effective in compromising the Hsp90α chaperone activity. Consistent with these findings, the three compounds caused a depletion of c‐Raf and pAkt Hsp90 client proteins in HeLa and MCF/7 cell lines. Induced fit docking protocol and molecular dynamics were used to rationalize the structural basis of the biological activity of the limonol derivatives. Taken together, these results point to limonol‐derivatives as promising scaffolds for the design of novel Hsp90α inhibitors.
Preparation and Characterization of Antimony and Arsenic Tricyanide and Their 2,2′‐Bipyridine Adducts
Authors: Deokar Piyush , Leitz Dominik , Stein Trent H. , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O. , Haiges Ralf
Published: August 2016

The arsenic(III) and antimony(III) cyanides M(CN)3 (M=As, Sb) have been prepared in quantitative yields from the corresponding trifluorides through fluoride–cyanide exchange with Me3SiCN in acetonitrile. When the reaction was carried out in the presence of one equivalent of 2,2′‐bipyridine, the adducts [M(CN)3⋅(2,2′‐bipy)] were obtained. The crystal structures of As(CN)3, [As(CN)3⋅(2,2′‐bipy)] and [Sb(CN)3⋅(2,2′‐bipy)] were determined and are surprisingly different. As(CN)3 possesses a polymeric three‐dimensional structure, [As(CN)3⋅(2,2′‐bipy)] exhibits a two‐dimensional sheet structure, and [Sb(CN)3⋅(2,2′‐bipy)] has a chain structure, and none of the structures resembles those found for the corresponding arsenic and antimony triazides.
Low Molecular Weight Norbornadiene Derivatives for Molecular Solar‐Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Quant Maria , Lennartson Anders , Dreos Ambra , Kuisma Mikael , Erhart Paul , Börjesson Karl , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper
Published: August 2016

Molecular solar‐thermal energy storage systems are based on molecular switches that reversibly convert solar energy into chemical energy. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and computational evaluation of a series of low molecular weight (193–260 g mol−1) norbornadiene–quadricyclane systems. The molecules feature cyano acceptor and ethynyl‐substituted aromatic donor groups, leading to a good match with solar irradiation, quantitative photo‐thermal conversion between the norbornadiene and quadricyclane, as well as high energy storage densities (396–629 kJ kg−1). The spectroscopic properties and energy storage capability have been further evaluated through density functional theory calculations, which indicate that the ethynyl moiety plays a critical role in obtaining the high oscillator strengths seen for these molecules.
A Highly Chemically Stable Metal–Organic Framework as a Luminescent Probe for the Regenerable Ratiometric Sensing of pH
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Yang , Jiang Min , Liu Yanhong , Zhang Lingwen , Wu Pengyan
Published: August 2016

A heteroatom‐rich 3D noninterpenetrating metal–organic framework (MOF) Cd‐EDDA constructed from an ethylene glycol ether bridging tetracarboxylate ligand H4EDDA (5,5′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(oxy))diisophthalic acid) shows good chemical resistance to both acidic and alkaline solutions with a pH ranging from 2.0 to 12.2. There is a corresponding ratiometric luminescence response to pH from 2.0 to 11.5, and the sensing mechanism is also discussed through ion chromatography and molecular force field‐based calculations. Importantly, the probe can easily be regenerated simply by modulating the pH of the solution, thus being the first example of a regenerable MOF‐based ratiometric luminescent probe for pH.
Low Density Solvent Ion Pair Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro‐Extraction – An Economic Method for Extraction of Phthalic Acids
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2016

A simple and economic analytical method based on low density solvent ion‐pair dispersive liquid–liquid micro‐extraction using high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection has been used for the determination of phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and iso‐phthalic acid in aqueous samples. In this work, 0.75 mL methanol (as a disperser solvent), 90 μL toluene (as an extraction solvent), and 15 μL tri‐butyl amine (as an ion pair reagent) were injected into aqueous phase. After centrifuging (at 4000 rpm for 5 min), the analyte ion pairs were extracted into toluene. The collected toluene was withdrawn and transferred into a microtube. The transferred toluene was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen at room temperature to dryness. Then, 10 μL of the mobile phase was added to the microtube to re‐dissolve the residues. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection and quantification were calculated in the range of 0.12–0.34 and 0.37–1.06 ng mL−1, respectively. The linear range of the developed method was obtained as 0.37–10000 ng mL−1. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were from 82 to 98% and 411–492, respectively. Finally, different aqueous samples such as tap water, mineral water, cola, lemon juice, vinegar, and dextrose and NaCl injection solutions were analyzed successfully by the developed procedure and the selected analytes were found in some of them in the range of 6.2–72 ng mL−1.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Methylation of Amines with Paraformaldehyde in Water under Mild Conditions
Authors: van der Waals Dominic , Heim Leo. E. , Gedig Christian , Herbrik Fabian , Vallazza Simona , Prechtl Martin H. G.
Published: August 2016

Methylated amines are highly important for a variety of pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Existing routes for their formation result in the production of large amounts of waste or require high reaction temperatures, both of which impact the ecological and economical footprint of the methodologies. Herein, we report the ruthenium‐catalyzed reductive methylation of a range of aliphatic amines, using paraformaldehyde as both substrate and hydrogen source, in combination with water. This reaction proceeds under mild aqueous reaction conditions. Additionally the use of a secondary phase for catalyst retention and recycling has been investigated with promising results.
A 63‐dB gain OTA operating in subthreshold with 20‐nW power consumption
Authors: Akbari Meysam , Hashemipour Omid
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a two‐stage bulk‐driven operational transconductance amplifier operating in weak‐inversion region. The proposed amplifier is upgraded using recycling structure, current shunt technique, positive feedback source degeneration and indirect frequency compensation feedback to enhance transconductance under a reasonable stability. Combining these approaches leads to an ultra‐low‐power high performance amplifier without increasing power dissipation compared to the conventional one. Simulation results in 0.13‐µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology show the proposed structure achieves a 63‐dB DC gain at 0.25‐V supply voltage with just 20‐nW power dissipation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytomorphology and Clinicopathologic Correlation of the Recurrent and Metastatic Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Harbhajanka Aparna , Bitterman Pincas , Reddy Vijaya B. , Park Ji‐Weon , Gattuso Paolo
Published: August 2016

Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary are low grade tumor with a potential ability of late pelvic recurrences and distant metastases. However, there is sparse literature on the cytopathologic features of metastatic granulosa cell tumors (MGCT). Between 2000 and 2014, eight cases of MGCT were diagnosed by FNA. Clinical, cytologic, and histopathologic features were reviewed. The age ranged from 34 to 84 years. Metastases were found in abdominal wall (4 cases), pelvic mass (1 case), liver (2 cases), and lung (1 case). The time to metastasis ranged from 1 to 14 years. All cases were hypercellular, with both large and small overlapping cell clusters and individual cells. The cytologic features included: naked nuclei (8/8 cases), Call‐Exner bodies (2/8 cases), and prominent metachromatic stroma (3/8 cases). Moderate cytoplasm (4/8 cases) to scant delicate cytoplasm (4/8 cases) was seen. Cytoplasmic vacuoles were also noted (6/8 cases). N/C ratios were high although lower than small round cell tumors like lymphoma. Prominent, central nucleoli were also present (6/8 cases) as well as nuclear grooves (2/8 cases). Cell block was available in 3/8 cases and all were positive for inhibin immunostain. Histologic examination of the metastatic tissue confirmed MGCT. The important cytologic features of GCT like uniformity of tumor cells, nuclear grooves and Call‐Exner bodies are occasionally present in MGCT. Prominent nucleoli and many naked nuclei were frequent. Therefore, the accurate interpretation of cytologic findings of MGCT requires cytohistologic correlation and inhibin positivity to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions for diagnostic purposes. The possibility of late recurrence of GCT should be kept in mind. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:1058–1063. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Trade Associations in Environmental Compliance Under Limited Enforcement: The case of small businesses
Authors: Lee Eungkyoon , Jung Chan Su , Kwak Jooyoung
Published: August 2016

Although a substantial body of research has considered the role of non‐state actors in establishing regulatory policies, relatively little research has focused on the influence of such actors at the implementation phase. To fill this gap in the literature, we extend the research on compliance motivations and institutional theory by exploring the role of trade associations in facilitating environmental compliance of small businesses, an area in which the problem of limited enforcement is particularly acute. Using data from dry‐cleaning facilities, we investigate the ways in which a trade association contributes to improvements in environmental performance among its members. The results reveal that the trade association can promote compliance by helping its members to become familiar with regulatory requirements and to develop technical capacity to meet them. Based on the findings, we propose ways to increase the practical involvement of non‐state actors to compensate for enforcement shortfalls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Selective gem‐Dichlorination of Isonitriles Mediated by (Dichloroiodo)benzene
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Shi Dongdong , Ren Shaobo , Jin Hongwei , Liu Yunkui
Published: August 2016

A selective gem‐dichlorination of isonitriles has been successfully achieved by using (dichloroiodo)benzene as a chlorinating reagent. The reaction gives N‐arylcarbonimidic dichlorides in high yields under mild and metal‐free conditions. The application of N‐arylcarbonimidic dichlorides as synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of 2,2,3,3‐tetrachloroaziridine 4, propyl formimidate 5, benzophenone imine 6, and 6‐chlorophenanthridine (3a) was also investigated.
Electrochemical Characterization of Biochemically Active Cu(II) Mixed Ligand Complex with Histidine and Cysteine
Authors: Mlakar Marina , Pavković Sonja , Tumir Lidija‐Marija , Vukosav Petra , Gašparović Blaženka
Published: August 2016

Copper(II) complexes with cysteine and histidine, amino acids that coordinate copper(II) in human body, were investigated. Cu‐His and Cu‐Cys complexes were detected in pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 using voltammetric techniques. [CuHis2] complex reduces by two‐electron reversible process at ≈−0.40 V, while [CuCys] complex by one‐electron quasireversible process at −0.6 V, revealing strong adsorption at the electrode surface. When both amino acids are present in the solution, new peak appeared at −0.5 V, which corresponded to the [CuHisCys] complex reduction. Formation and characterization of mixed ligand complex was also supported by UV‐Vis spectra recorded at fixed histidine and various cysteine concentrations. Formation of [CuHisCys] complex in the solution was detected and stability constant calculated to amount to log KCuHisCys=16.9±0.3. This study was the first attempt to characterize formation of Cu(II) mixed ligand complexation process with biochemically important amino acids in electron transport and oxygenation reactions in human body.
Development of a New Label‐free, Indicator‐free Strategy toward Ultrasensitive Electrochemical DNA Biosensing Based on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite
Authors: Teymourian Hazhir , Salimi Abdollah , Khezrian Somayeh
Published: August 2016

Electrochemistry offers sensitivity, selectivity and low cost for fabrication of sensors capable of detection of selected DNA targets or mutated genes associated with human disease. In this work, we have developed a novel label‐free, indicator‐free strategy of electrochemical DNA sensor based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4/r‐GO) nanocomposite modified electrode. By using Fe3O4/r‐GO nanocomposite as a substrate to immobilize probe DNA and subsequent hybridization with target sequence to form dsDNA, a great signal amplification was achieved through measuring changes in DPV peak current of underlying Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox system. With the remarkable attomolar sensitivity and high specificity and at the same time, great simplicity, the proposed strategy may find great applications in different DNA assay fields.
On the Use of Dispersive Liquid‐liquid Microextraction Combined with Organic/Water Interface Electrochemistry
Authors: Silva Rejane M. P. , Lima Lucas C. , Gaubeur Ivanise , Suffredini Hugo B.
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we discuss the use of dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with organic/water interface electrochemistry (OWIE) by using ferrocene as a model‐molecule. A mixture of 150 μL of ethanol (disperser solvent) and 50 μL of 1‐undecanol (extractant solvent) was injected into 9 mL of a ferrocene aqueous solution prepared in 1.0×10−3 mol L−1 H2SO4. Afterward, a drop of the organic phase containing ferrocene was directly inserted on a screen‐printed carbon electrode and the analytical curve was obtained, point‐to‐point, with a good linearity. Besides that, a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode was used to promote the partition coefficient calculation, and it was possible to calculate the final concentrations of ferrocene in the aqueous and organic phases as being equal to 4.2×10−4 mol L−1 and 1.0×10−1 mol L−1, respectively. By using these values, the partition coefficient (log P) was calculated as 2.5±0.1 (n=3), a similar result to that obtained using other methodologies.
Large volume sample stacking of cationic tetracycline antibiotics toward 10 ppb level analysis by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection
Authors: Wu Xingyi , Xu Zhongqi , Huang Zhuo , Shao Chaoying
Published: August 2016

This paper aimed to build up a sensitive CE method for the analysis of tetracyclines (TCs) antibiotics (including tetracycline, chlorotetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline) with conventional UV detection. Here, the large volume sample stacking was applied to achieve in capillary preconcentration of the targets. To achieve large volume sample stacking, the essential step was a large volume of sample (around 83.3% of total capillary length from inlet to detection window) hydrodynamically loaded. Then, the reserved voltage was added in order to push the sample matrix out of the capillary. Due to different pH between sample solution (pH 4.6) and BGE (pH 11.0), the cationic TCs would turn into negatively charged while the sample matrix was removing from the capillary. Finally, the anionic TCs were stacked at the inlet for the subsequent separation. Although the loss of sample existed during their charge transformation, the LODs could be improved around 40 times than that obtained by normal hydrodynamic injection CE method. Here, the LODs were in the range of 8.1–14.5 μg/L, around 10 ppb that close to the level by electrochemiluminescence or laser‐induced fluorescence detection of TCs by CE. The precision was characterized by RSDs of migration times and peak areas, which were in the range of 0.19–0.24% and 0.97–2.54%, respectively. The recoveries of the developed method were in the range of 95–112% by spiking TCs in the tap water. The proposed inline preconcentration CE method could be a simple, speed, and sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of TCs.
Fast isotopic separation of 10B and 11B boric acid by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Kamencev Mikhail , Yakimova Nina , Moskvin Leonid , Kuchumova Irina , Tkach Kirill , Malinina Yulia
Published: August 2016

Fast isotopic separation of 10B and 11B boric acid by CZE was demonstrated. The BGE contained 25 mM phenylalanine and 5 mM putrescine (рН 8.95). The running conditions were +25 kV at 20°C with indirect photometric detection at 210 nm. Baseline separation was achieved in less than 9 min. RSD of migration times and corrected peak areas were less than 0.5 and 3%, respectively (n = 5). Linearity was demonstrated in the range 0.2–2 mM for 11B and 0.2–0.5 mM for 10B.
Rehabilitation of earthquake damaged external RC beam‐column joints by joint enlargement using prestressed steel angles
Authors: Shafaei Jalil , Hosseini Abdollah , Marefat Mohammad Sadegh , Ingham Jason M.
Published: August 2016

The effectiveness of a rehabilitation method based on joint enlargement using prestressed steel angles to enhance the seismic behavior of damaged external reinforced concrete beam‐column joints was experimentally investigated. Three half‐scale joints having either non‐seismic or seismic reinforcement details were tested both before and after rehabilitation by applying lateral cyclic loading of increasing amplitudes. Two defects were considered for the two non‐seismic units, being the absence of transverse steel hoops and insufficient bond capacity of beam bottom steel reinforcing bars in the joint panel zone. The damaged specimens were rehabilitated by injecting epoxy grout into existing cracks and installing stiffened steel angles at the re‐entrant corners of the beam‐column joint, both above and below the beam, that were mounted and held in place using prestressed high‐tensile strength bars. The test results indicated that the seismic performance of the rehabilitated specimens in terms of strength, stiffness, and ductility was fully recovered and comparable with the performance of the seismically detailed specimen. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fronthaul data compression for Uplink CoMP in cloud radio access network (C‐RAN)
Authors: Qi Yinan , Shakir Muhammad Zeeshan , Imran Muhammad Ali , Qaraqe Khalid A. , Quddus Atta , Tafazolli Rahim
Published: August 2016

The design of efficient wireless fronthaul connections for future heterogeneous networks incorporating emerging paradigms such as cloud radio access network has become a challenging task that requires the most effective utilisation of fronthaul network resources. In this paper, we propose to use distributed compression to reduce the fronthaul traffic in uplink Coordinated Multi‐Point for cloud radio access network. Unlike the conventional approach where each coordinating point quantises and forwards its own observation to the processing centre, these observations are compressed before forwarding. At the processing centre, the decompression of the observations and the decoding of the user message are conducted in a successive manner. The essence of this approach is the optimisation of the distributed compression using an iterative algorithm to achieve maximal user rate with a given fronthaul rate. In other words, for a target user rate the generated fronthaul traffic is minimised. Moreover, joint decompression and decoding is studied and an iterative optimisation algorithm is devised accordingly. Finally, the analysis is extended to multi‐user case and our results reveal that, in both dense and ultra‐dense urban deployment scenarios, the usage of distributed compression can efficiently reduce the required fronthaul rate and a further reduction is obtained with joint operation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blocking analysis of persistent resource allocations for M2M applications in wireless systems
Authors: Brown Jason , Afrin Nusrat , Khan Jamil Y
Published: August 2016

Wide area wireless systems conventionally employ dynamic scheduling for stochastic or bursty applications and persistent resource allocations of a given period for deterministic applications such as voice. When considering persistent resource allocations for machine‐to‐machine (M2M) applications from different markets, a wide range of allocation periods may be required to fully support the diversity of applications. The set of periods supported by the wireless system is a compromise between efficient use of the available resources and supporting as many M2M applications as possible. We consider two schemes: a simply periodic system which offers a limited set of periods with very efficient use of resources, and a complex periodic system which offers a wider range of periods at the cost of lower efficiency. We derive formulae for the blocking probability of these two systems by considering different resource sharing policies of the Erlang Multirate Loss Model (EMLM) and the concepts of packing (when a new persistent allocation is admitted to the system) and repacking (when an existing persistent allocation leaves the system). The theoretical models are verified using a discrete event simulation with variable offered traffic loads. The concepts discussed in this paper are generic, but may find particular application in Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks for the purposes of system configuration (particularly in terms of the set of periods supported for persistent allocations), resource dimensioning and system performance characterisation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and standardization of the “Let's Shop” questionnaire: an assessment of shopping habits and executive functions in people with obesity
Authors: Akerman Frid Sarit , Josman Naomi , Endevelt Ronit
Published: August 2016

Overweight and obesity are epidemic in Western countries and the literature suggests a relationship between overweight and executive functions (EF). Shopping is a regular, everyday activity that is strongly related to executive functioning. To date, no assessment tool has been developed to evaluate EF in adults with overweight and obesity, with a focus on the activity of shopping. To determine the factorial validity of the newly developed “Let's Shop” questionnaire. A convenience sample which included three groups of 93 men and women aged 35–60 were included in the study. Thirty three overweight participants and 30 obese participants who sought a clinical dietitian constituted the two research groups, and 30 normal weight participants recruited from a physician's waiting room constituted the control group and were matched to the two research groups by age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. The “Let's Shop” questionnaire was administered to all participants. An exploratory principal factor extraction with oblimin rotation was conducted for the “Let's Shop” questionnaire. Twenty‐one items were entered into the equation; the analysis revealed four distinct factors comprised of 17 items. The cumulative percentage of variance accounted for by the four factors was 44.74%. The four factors were as follows: “planning in action” α = 0.63; “planning ahead” α = 0.71; “impulsivity” α = 0.67; and “habits” α = 0.63. The “Let's Shop” questionnaire was reduced to 17 items. This brief questionnaire will enable rapid administration by researchers and practitioners and determine a potential association between EF in the supermarket arena and weight status.
Isocassiaoccidentalin B, A New C‐Glycosyl Flavone Containing a 3‐Keto Sugar, and Other Constituents from Cassia nomame
Authors: Syed Ahmed Shah , Akram Muhammad , Bae Ok‐Nam , Kim Chul Young
Published: August 2016

A new C‐glycosyl flavone containing a 3‐keto sugar, isocassiaoccidentalin B (1), was isolated from whole Cassia nomame (Sieber) Honda plants, along with eleven known compounds, including two flavonoids (2 and 3), five flavonoid glycosides (4 – 8), two chalcones (9 and 10), and two phenylpropanoids (11 and 12). The chemical structures of all compounds were determined via 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and ESI‐MS. Among these, compounds 2, 3, 7, and 8 were found to be the most potent in inhibiting nitric oxide release. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, and 10 showed significant free‐radical scavenging activity.
Influence of Onabotulinumtoxin A on testes of the growing rat
Authors: Breikaa Randa M. , Mosli Hisham A. , Abdel‐Naim Ashraf B.
Published: August 2016

Onabotulinumtoxin A (onabotA) is gaining wide medical use in children. The present study was planned to investigate the influence of its injection on the maturing testicular structures in rats. Immature rats were injected in the bilateral cremaster muscles by onabotA with three doses of (10, 20, and 40 U/kg) three times in a 2‐week interval. The effect of these injections on fertility indices was examined. Levels of antisperm antibodies and several apoptosis parameters were also investigated. DNA content in form of ploidy and histopathological alterations were assessed. OnabotA‐injected groups showed decreased sperm count and semen quality, while sperm vitality, morphology, and testosterone levels were not significantly affected. Furthermore, DNA flow cytometric analysis confirmed delayed sperm maturation. Apoptosis markers were significantly increased by the injections. In conclusion, onabotA injection in growing rats adversely affected sperm count and maturation. OnabotA testicular effects are mediated, at least partly, by apoptosis.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Not Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Illness
Authors: Lee Joon , Mark Roger G. , Celi Leo Anthony , Danziger John
Published: August 2016

Recent epidemiologic data linking proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use to acute and chronic kidney dysfunction is yet to be validated in other populations, and mechanisms have not been explored. Using a large, well phenotyped inception cohort of 15 063 critically ill patients, we examined the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria guidelines, according to prior use of a PPI, histamine‐2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), or neither. A total of 3725 (24.7%) patients reported PPI use prior to admission, while 905 (6.0%) patients reported H2RA use. AKI occurred in 747 (20.0%) and 163 (18.0%) of PPI and H2RA users respectively, compared to 1712 (16.2%) of those not taking acid suppressive medications. In unadjusted analysis, PPI and H2RA users had a 28% (95%CI 1.17‐1.41, P < .001) and 10% (95%CI 0.91‐1.30, P = .31) higher risk of AKI compared to those taking neither class of medication. However, in sequential models that included adjustment for demographics, cardiovascular comorbidities, indications for PPI use, and severity of illness, the effect of PPI on the risk of AKI was attenuated, and in the adjusted analysis, PPI was not associated with AKI (OR 1.02; 95%CI 0.91‐1.13, P = .73). The presence of sterile pyuria and hypomagnesemia did not modify the association between PPI use and AKI. In summary, after adjustment for demographics, illness severity, and the indication for PPI use, PPI use prior to admission is not associated with critical illness AKI.
A multidisciplinary approach to prenatal treatment of congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: Crimmins Sarah , Vashit Sudhir , Doyle Lauren , Harman Chris , Turan Ozhan , Turan Sifa
Published: August 2016

A 27‐week fetus evaluated for bradycardia and hydrops was found to have anti‐SSA‐negative 2° atrioventricular block and ventricular tachycardia. A presumptive diagnosis of fetal long QT syndrome was made. Transplacental pharmacotherapy with intravenous magnesium and lidocaine restored sinus rhythm. At 30 6/7 weeks, the infant was delivered due to premature labor. Despite postnatal treatment with mexiletine and propranolol, she developed torsades de pointes. Ultimately, a de novo KCNH2 G628S mutation was diagnosed. She received an implantable cardiac defibrillator at 5 months of age. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach allowed successful in utero treatment and anticipatory postnatal management. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:168–170, 2017
Nervous system development in the fairy shrimpBranchinellasp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca): Insights into the development and evolution of the branchiopod brain and its sensory organs
Authors: Frase Thomas , Richter Stefan
Published: August 2016

Using immunohistochemical labeling against acetylated a‐tubulin and serotonin in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D‐reconstruction, we investigated the temporary freshwater pond inhabitantBranchinellasp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) for the first time to provide detailed data on the development of the anostracan nervous system. Protocerebral sense organs such as the nauplius eye and frontal filament organs are present as early as the hatching stage L0. In the postnaupliar region, two terminal pioneer neurons grow from posterior to anterior to connect the mandibular neuromeres. The first protocerebral neuropil to emerge is not part of the central complex but represents the median neuropil, and begins to develop from L0+ onwards. In stage L3, the first evidence of developing compound eyes is visible. This is followed by the formation of the visual neuropils and the neuropils of the central complex in the protocerebrum. From the deutocerebral lobes, the projecting neuron tract proceeds to both sides of the lateral protocerebrum, forming a chiasma just behind the central body. In the postnaupliar region, the peripheral nervous system, commissures and connectives develop along an anterior–posterior gradient after the fasciculation of the terminal pioneer neurons with the mandibular neuromere. The peripheral nervous system in the thoracic segments consists of two longitudinal neurite bundles on each side which connect the intersegmental nerves, together with the ventral nervous system forming an orthogon‐like network. Here, we discuss, among other things, the evidence of a fourth nauplius eye nerve and decussating projecting neuron tract found inBranchinellasp., and provide arguments to support our view that the crustacean frontal filament (organ) and onychophoran primary antenna are homologous. J. Morphol. 277:1423–1446, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.