bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electropositive Magnetic Fluorescent Nanoprobe‐Mediated Immunochromatographic Assay for the Ultrasensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Bacteria
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Li Zhengkang , Wang Bingjie , Yu Qing , Wu Ting , Wang Chongwen , Gu Bing
Published: January 2025

Immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) provide simple and rapid strategies for bacterial diagnosis but still suffer from the problems of low sensitivity and high dependency on paired antibodies. Herein, the broad‐spectrum capture and detection capability of the antibody‐free electropositive nanoprobe are clarified for bacteria for the first time and an ultrasensitive fluorescent ICA platform is constructed for the simultaneous diagnosis of multiple pathogens. A magnetic multilayer quantum dot nanocomposite with an amino‐embedded SiO2 shell (MagMQD@Si+) is designed to enrich bacteria from solutions effectively, offer high luminescence, and reduce background signals on test strips, thus greatly improving the sensitivity and stability of ICA technique for pathogen. The superior performance of the MagMQD@Si+‐based ICA through the multiplex detection of three common pathogens is demonstrated, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium, showing that this ICA possesses high sensitivity (8–40 cells mL−1), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation <5.4%), and high specificity for the three target bacteria. The clinical utility of the proposed method is verified through the detection of 30 real sputum samples from patients with bacterial respiratory infections, revealing that the MagMQD@Si+‐based ICA has massive potential as a powerful inspection tool for the rapid, sensitive, and ultrasensitive diagnosis of bacterial infections. [Correction added on 29 January 2025, after first online publication: Streptococcus typhi was corrected to Salmonella typhimurium.]
Molecular Design of Imino Anion Acceptors Enables Long‐Life Fluoride Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Guyue , Li Decheng , Lei Meng , Li Chilin
Published: January 2025

Anion acceptors (AAs) enable to dissolve metal fluoride salts and achieve reversible fluorination and defluorination in fluoride ion batteries (FIBs). However, most reported strategies only focus on boron‐ and alcohol‐based AAs with strong Lewis acidity and excessive hydrogen bond (HB) strength, which often leads to the uncontrollable mass loss of active materials and the inferior reduction stability of electrolyte. Although amino and imine groups possess preferable anti‐reductive property, their HB strengths are apparently too weak to dissociate fluoride salts. Here a novel strategy is proposed for molecular structure design toward imino AAs by introducing double bonds and pyridine‐N into the five‐membered‐ring of pyrrolidine. Therein the conjugation effect, inductive effect, and α effect are synergistically utilized to enhance the Lewis acidity of imino group. Theoretical calculations and experiments prove that 1,2,4‐triazole AA retains the reduction stability in the maximum extent while increasing the HB strength of imino group. Based on this imino AA, the electrolyte achieves an unprecedented wide electrochemical stability window (5.5 V), enabling highly reversible cycling of fluorination and defluorination for CuF2||Pb full cells (>300 cycles) with a Cu+‐mediated two‐step redox mechanism, for PbF2‐Pb||PbF2‐Pb symmetric cells (1600 h) with low overpotential, and for PbF2||Pb asymmetric cells with high coulombic efficiency.
Flexible Demand and Its Impacts on Future Utility‐Scale Photovoltaic Integration and Generation Costs: Case Study on the Italian Energy Transition
Authors: Veronese Elisa , Manzolini Giampaolo , Barchi Grazia , Moser David
Published: January 2025

The energy transition implies an increase in electrical demand, which shall be met primarily by renewable energy sources, potentially raising costs for the system and the community. However, increasing consumption flexibility has the potential to reduce these additional costs by minimizing the risk of curtailment and reducing the need for new storage and grid line capacity. Few studies have been conducted to examine the techno‐economic implications of improving consumption flexibility from an energy system perspective, but none have determined how these gains may affect future solar power integration costs. In this study, it is aimed to fill the gap by assessing the economic effects of flexible demand on solar integration and generation costs. Different scenarios for 2030 and 2040 of the Italian energy system are investigated taking into account future flexible demand availability and geographical distribution. In the results, it is shown that enabling a 12 h flexible demand can lower powerline transport capacity by up to 14%, and storage capacity by up to 25% in the 2040 scenarios. This corresponds to a reduction in photovoltaic (PV) generation costs from 11 to 13% by lowering overall PV integration costs, with peaks of up to 20% in some cases.
Roadside Dining: The Collective Movement Behavior of Sulawesi Moor Macaques in a Provisioning Context
Authors: Trinidad Joshua , Scharf Henry R. , Ngakan Putu Oka , Riley Erin P.
Published: January 2025

How group‐living primates come to a consensus about navigating their environment is a result of their decision‐making processes. Although decision‐making has been examined in several primate taxa, it remains underexplored for primates living in anthropogenic landscapes. To shed light on consensus decision‐making and flexibility in this process, we examined collective movement behavior in a group of wild moor macaques (Macaca maura) experiencing a risk‐reward tradeoff as a result of roadside provisioning within Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Our goal was to determine whether individual characteristics (e.g., sex, dominance rank, and/or social network centrality) predict the likelihood of initiating a collective movement and if the opportunity to receive food provisions along the road alters these patterns. Using the all‐occurrences method, we recorded the location, time, and identity of initiators and followers of each collective movement observed from April to June 2023 (N = 61). We used conditional logistic regression models to examine which individual characteristics predicted initiation overall and based on two destination categories: forest‐ and road‐directed collective movements. Initiation was distributed amongst most of the group, indicating a partially‐shared decision‐making style. Overall, adult males were more likely to initiate collective movements than adult females. However, for collective movements directed toward the risky roadside, dominance, rather than sex, was a better predictor of initiation, with higher ranked individuals being more likely to initiate collective movements. Examining the decision‐making processes in this species through collective movements can provide insight into how primates come to a consensus and the extent to which anthropogenic factors shape these processes. By shedding light on how moor macaques navigate the risk‐reward tradeoff at this site, our results can also inform the management of human‐macaque interfaces.
A Pyrrole‐Fused Nanographene and its Edge‐Perchlorinated Derivative Featuring a Corannulene Core and Five N‐doped Heptagons
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Peng , Chen Zuo‐Chang , Tian Han‐Rui , Zhang Wen‐Xin , Ying Si‐Wei , Du Peng , Chen Bin‐Wen , Yao Yang‐Rong , Wu Yin‐Fu , Zhang Mei‐Lin , Deng Shun‐Liu , Zhang Qianyan , Xie Su‐Yuan , Zheng Lan‐Sun
Published: January 2025

A pyrrole‐fused analogue of warped nanographene, designated as deca‐nitrogen doped ′WNG′ (azaWNG), was synthesized through the annular fusion of decapyrroylcorannulene. The resulting azaWNG exhibited extremely limited solubility in common organic solvents and was characterized solely by mass spectrometry. Theoretical calculations revealed that azaWNG has a sunflower‐like molecular structure with electron‐deficient corannulene as the core and electron‐rich pyrrole as the petals, demonstrating a significantly narrower energy gap compared to all‐carbon WNG. To improve its solubility and facilitate precise structural characterization, iodine monochloride was utilized for edge‐perchlorination of azaWNG, enabling successful separation and purification of chlorinated azaWNG in solution phase. X‐ray crystallography analysis unequivocally confirmed that edge‐perchlorinated azaWNG contains 5 heptagons and 11 pentagons embedded within the warped π skeleton. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that the first oxidation potential of azaWNG is −0.59 V, representing the lowest value reported for any previously studied aza‐nanographene. Consequently, azaWNG can be readily oxidized by AgPF6 or even atmospheric oxygen to yield stable oxidation states, as corroborated by UV/Visible absorption spectroscopy; this behavior is attributed to the fusion of ten pyrroles around corannulene. This work marks the first instance of nitrogen doping in WNG (C80H30), underscoring the significant modification to electronic structure induced by such doping.
A Small‐Molecule Drug for the Self‐Checking of Mitophagy
Authors: Gao Yanan , Bai Qingjie , Ren Youxiao , Shao Xintian , Zhang Mengrui , Wu Luling , Lewis Simon E. , James Tony D. , Chen Xiaoyuan , Chen Qixin
Published: January 2025

Mitophagy, particularly in the context of drugs that disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), represents a critical focus in pharmacology. However, the discovery and evaluation of MMP‐disrupting drugs are often hampered using commercially available marker molecules that target similar or identical zones. These markers can significantly interfere with, obscure, or amplify the functional effects of MMP‐targeting drugs, frequently leading to clinical failures. In response to this challenge, we propose a “one‐two punch” drug design strategy that integrates both target‐zone drug functionality and non‐target zone biological reporting within a single small‐molecule drug. We have developed a novel proof‐of‐concept mitophagy self‐check drug (MitoSC) that exhibits dual‐color and dual‐localization properties. The functional component of this system is a variable MitoSC that disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) homeostasis, thereby inducing mitophagy. Upon activation, this component transforms into a blue‐fluorescent monomer (MitoSC‐fun) specifically within the mitochondrial target zone. Concurrently, the biological reporting component is represented by a red‐fluorescent monomer (MitoSC‐rep) that localizes to lysosomes, the non‐target zone. As mitophagy progresses, the fluorescent signals from MitoSC‐rep (lysosomes) and MitoSC‐fun (mitochondria) converge, enabling real‐time monitoring of the mitophagic process. This strategy combines potent drug functionality with robust biological reporting, thereby minimizing interference and eliminating the complexities associated with external detection. Our findings underscore the potential of a single‐molecule drug to exert target‐zone specific actions while simultaneously providing non‐target zone self‐checking, offering a new perspective for drug design.
Mesoporous Cu Nanoplates with Exposed Cu+ Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Transfer Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Lv Hao , Sun Lizhi , Tang Deqing , Liu Ben
Published: January 2025

Electrocatalytic transfer alkyne semi‐hydrogenation with H2O as hydrogen source is industrially promising for selective electrosynthesis of high value‐added alkenes while inhibiting byproduct alkanes. Although great achievements, their development has remarkably restricted by designing atomically sophisticated electrocatalysts. Here, we reported single‐crystalline mesoporous copper nanoplates (meso‐Cu PLs) as a robust yet highly efficient electrocatalyst for selective alkene electrosynthesis from transfer semi‐hydrogenation reaction of alkyne in H2O. Anisotropic meso‐Cu PLs were prepared through a facile epitaxial growth strategy with functional C22H45N(CH3)2‐C3H6‐SH as concurrent mesopore‐forming and structure‐controlled surfactant. Different to nonporous Cu counterparts with flat surface, meso‐Cu PLs with spherical mesopores exposed abundant Cu+ sites, which not only stabilized active H* radicals from electrocatalytic H2O splitting without coupling into molecular H2 but also accelerated kinetically the desorption of semi‐hydrogenated alkenes. With 4‐aminophenylacetylene (4‐AP) as the substrate, anisotropic meso‐Cu PLs delivered superior electrocatalytic transfer semi‐hydrogenation performance with up to 99 % of 4‐aminostyrene selectivity and 100 % of 4‐AP conversion as well as good cycle stability. Meanwhile, meso‐Cu PLs were electrocatalytically applicable for transfer semi‐hydrogenation of various alkynes. This work thus paved an alternative paradigm for designing robust mesoporous metal electrocatalysts with structurally functional metal sites applied in the selective electrosynthesis of industrially value‐added chemicals in H2O.
One‐Pot Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of π‐Extended Bipolar Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Bartkowski Krzysztof , Masoumifeshani Emran , Klimczak Urszula , Kotowska Martyna , Furman Bartłomiej , Foroutan‐Nejad Cina , Lindner Marcin
Published: January 2025

The development of straightforward synthetic methods for photoactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that avoid Pd‐catalyzed or radical‐based processes remains a challenge. Such methods are essential to reducing the cost and environmental impact of organic photodevices. In this work, we present a one‐pot synthetic approach for creating novel bipolar PAHs with extended π‐conjugation, which are not accessible via conventional Pd‐catalyzed routes. Our cascade process operates exclusively under basic conditions, utilizing cesium carbonate and molecular sieves to facilitate the coupling of electron‐deficient 4‐fluoronaphthalene‐1,8‐dicarboximide with halogenated electron‐rich moieties. This results in the regio‐ and chemoselective formation of new 6‐ and/or 5‐membered conjugated rings via consecutive SNAr reactions, as confirmed through experimental and computational studies. The resulting PAHs exhibit strong emissive properties, with quantum yields ranging from 34 % to 99 %. This work provides a simple and efficient synthetic strategy for producing novel semiconducting materials, offering a new framework for designing bipolar PAHs with distinct optical characteristics.
Phosphorescent Liquid Crystalline Polymer‐based Circularly Polarized Luminescence Optical Waveguides for Enhanced Photonic Signal Processing and Information Encryption
Authors: Li Jie , Guan Yan , Hao Tian‐Tian , Huang Jiang , Chen Yi , Li Heng , Duan Pengfei , Xie He‐Lou
Published: January 2025

Efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) optical waveguides have significant potential for advancing photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the development of CPL optical waveguides materials (OWMs) with low optical loss coefficient remains a considerable challenge. To overcome this, we design and synthesize CPL OWMs based on room‐temperature phosphorescent liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs). Experimental results demonstrate that these LCPs exhibit a nematic liquid crystal phase and a phosphorescence lifetime of approximately 0.145 ms. By introducing a chiral dopant, we induce a chiral arrangement in the LCPs, followed by crosslinking via photo‐cycloaddition and removal of the chiral dopants through solvent soaking. The resulting polymers exhibit stable solvent resistance and highly efficient circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) properties, with dissymmetric factors (gRTP) in the range of 0.16 to 0.17. Notably, the CPP‐active OWMs exhibit efficient circularly polarized photonic signal waveguiding, with an optical loss coefficient of approximately 0.175 dB/mm. Ultimately, these CPP‐active OWMs are sucessfully applied in information encryption, decryption, and optical switching, paving the way for advanced photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Control of Interlocking Mode in Pd4L8 Cage Catenanes
Authors: Montes‐Tolentino Pedro , Mikherdov Alexander S. , Drechsler Christoph , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H.
Published: January 2025

Precise control over the catenation process in interlocked supramolecular systems remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a system in which a lantern‐shaped Pd2L4 cage can dimerize to form two distinct Pd4L8 catenanes with different interlocking degree: a previously described quadruply interlocked double cage motif of D4 symmetry and an unprecedented triply interlocked structure of C2h symmetry. While the former structure features a linear arrangement of four Pd(II) centers, separated by three mechanically linked pockets, the new motif has a staggered shape. Both assemblies are topological isomers, coexisting in equilibrium in solution. The triply interlocked species is thermodynamically more stable due to extended noncovalent interactions between the ligands, as supported by X‐ray structure analysis and electronic structure calculations. Notably, the degree of interlocking in the double cage system can be controlled by a change of temperature and through anion exchange. Cage‐to‐cage transformations were followed by NMR, MS and TIMS methods.
Modulating Perovskite Surface Energetics Through Tuneable Ferrocene Interlayers for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Long Nicholas James , Vanin Francesco , Tremlett William D. J. , Gao Danpeng , Liu Qi , Li Bo , Li Shuai , Gong Jianqiu , Wu Xin , Li Zhen , Brown Ryan K. , Qian Liangchen , Zhang Chunlei , Sun Xianglang , Li Xintong , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Zhu Zonglong
Published: January 2025

Achieving rational control over chemical and energetic properties at the perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface is crucial for realizing highly efficient and stable next‐generation inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this, we developed multifunctional ferrocene (Fc)‐based interlayers engineered to exhibit adjustable passivating and electrochemical characteristics. These interlayers are designed to minimize non‐radiative recombination and, to modulate the work function (WF) and uniformity of the perovskite surface, thereby enhancing device performance. The key role played by the highest occupied molecular orbital energies (EHOMO) of the Fc compounds relative to the perovskite valance band maximum (EVBM) is revealed. This relationship is pivotal in controlling band bending and optimizing charge extraction. Notably, the conformationally flexible and more easily oxidized ferrocenyl‐bis‐furyl‐2‐carboxylate (2) is found to more effectively bind with undercoordinated Pb2+ surface sites and modulate interfacial energetics, resulting in inverted PSCs achieving champion efficiencies of 25.16%. These cells also displayed excellent stability, retaining >92% of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h of maximum power point operation at 65 °C.  By correlating the broadly tunable Fc‐EHOMO with a decreased and homogenized perovskite surface WF, our work advances our understanding of Fc‐based interlayers and opens new pathways for their application in high‐efficiency solar technologies.
Synchrotron X‐ray micro‐computed tomography enhances our knowledge of the skull anatomy of a Late Triassic ecteniniid cynodont with hypercanines
Authors: Kerber Leonardo , Müller Rodrigo T. , de Simão‐Oliveira Daniel , Pretto Flávio A. , Martinelli Agustín G. , Michelotti Iasmim M. , Benoit Julien , Fonseca Pedro H. , David Romain , Fernandez Vincent , Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Araújo Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Hypercanines, or hypertrophied canines, are observed in a wide range of both extinct and extant synapsids. In non‐mammaliaform cynodonts, the Permo‐Triassic forerunners of mammals, long canines are not uncommon, appearing in several unrelated taxa within the clade. Among them is Trucidocynodon riograndensis, a carnivorous ecteniniid cynodont from the Late Triassic of Brazil, which exhibits a specialized dentition, including spear‐shaped incisors, very long and narrow canines, and sectorial postcanines with distally oriented cusps, all of which have finely serrated margins. Recent synchrotron X‐ray micro‐computed tomography of a large specimen (CAPPA/UFSM 0029; Várzea do Agudo site, Brazil) provides new insights into its lower jaw and dentition, as well as offers the first digital endocast of an ecteniniid. Our study reveals the presence of (i) putatively opened‐root canines in the adult stage and the possible presence of unresorbed remnant of an old canine, which may indicate that the specimen stopped replacing its canines; (ii) lower canines that are longer than the upper canines and, in occlusion, were kept inside deep paracanine fossae that perforated the dorsal surface of the rostrum; (iii) a diastema between the incisors and lower canine, which is absent in the holotype; (iv) advanced brain structures, such as the absence of a pineal body, presence of cerebral hemispheres divided by the interhemispheric sulcus and expanded laterally, and a higher encephalization quotient than non‐mammaliaform prozostrodonts, reflecting the homoplastic evolution of relative brain sizes observed in Triassic cynodont lineages. Finally, the abundance of carnivorous and omnivorous species at the Várzea do Agudo site, where the specimen was found—including the archosauriforms Dynamosuchus collisensis and Stenoscelida aurantiacus—suggests a diverse predator guild that warrants further investigation from a paleoecological perspective.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of dehydroabietyl imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones, 2,4,5‐triones, and 2‐thioxoimidazolidine‐4,5‐diones as TDP1 inhibitors and dual TDP1/TDP2 inhibitors
Authors: Kovaleva Kseniya S. , Yarovaya Olga I. , Gatilov Yuriy V. , Lastovka Anastasiya V. , Chernyshova Irina A. , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S. , Chepanova Arina A. , Lavrik Olga I. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F.
Published: January 2025

Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterases 1 and 2 (TDP1 and TDP2), which are enzymes involved in the repair of DNA, are regarded as promising targets for the development of new anticancer drugs. In this study, a series of imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones, 2,4,5‐triones, and 2‐thioxoimidazolidine‐4,5‐diones based on dehydroabietylamine (DHAAm) were synthesized. The inhibitory activity of the new compounds against TDP1 and TDP2, as well as their cytotoxic characteristics, were evaluated. All types of heterocyclic DHAAm derivatives demonstrated effective inhibition of TDP1 in the micromolar range, with IC50 values in the range of 0.63–4.95 µM. It was observed that only the 2‐thioxoimidazolidine‐4,5‐diones were TDP2 inhibitors, representing the first class of dual TDP1/TDP2 inhibitors among DHAAm derivatives. The findings of this study may contribute to an enhanced comprehension of the subsequent design of novel dual TDP1/TDP2 inhibitors for the further development of new antitumor agents.
Understanding the shifting nature of fake news research: Consumption, dissemination, and detection
Authors: Amriza Rona Nisa Sofia , Chou Tzu‐Chuan , Ratnasari Wiwit
Published: January 2025

Fake news on social media spreads faster and has become a major societal concern, prompting numerous publications and knowledge sharing among researchers. This research aims to understand the shifting nature of fake news by investigating the citation relationships between significant publications using key route main path analysis (MPA). The process involves generating keywords, collecting and selecting relevant data, and conducting MPA on fake news in social media. The study analyzes 4.057 publications from 2010 to 2023, identifying 27 influential works shaping the knowledge diffusion in fake news research. Findings reveal two main phases: understanding fake news consumption patterns and analyzing its dissemination and detection mechanisms. Through multiple‐global MPA, five research trends are identified: health misinformation, fact‐checking, sharing behavior, fake news recognition, and physiological interventions. The study shows a continuous rise in publications and citations, with current trends focusing on health‐related misinformation. This analysis offers insights into the development and diffusion of fake news topics on social media, emphasizing the importance of historical development in guiding future research by uncovering current trends. Highlighting the historical progression of research provides valuable context, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the field.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 9/2024
Authors: Pál Balázs , Dobos László
Published: January 2025

Denoising a medium resolution stellar spectrum with neural networks. Top: Example of a noiseless simulated stellar spectrum (blue) transformed to an “observation” by adding a realistic noise component (gray) such that the effective S/N≈19. Middle: Comparison of the original noiseless simulated spectrum (blue) and the reconstructed spectrum (dashed orange) using a trained denoising autoencoder. The two lines overlap almost entirely, indicating the high accuracy of the machine learning method. Bottom: Relative error calculated as the fraction of pixel‐wise residual noise and the original noiseless flux. The mean and maximum of the relative error are 0.175% and 1.806%, respectively. Formore details see the related paper by Pál and Dobos, published in this issue e240049.

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Activated Carbon from Birch Wood as an Electrode Material for Aluminum Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Paul Menestreau , Grimm Alejandro , Simões Dos Reis Glaydson , Manavalan Gopinathan , E S Sruthy , Thyrel Mikael , Petnikota Shaikshavali
Published: January 2025

Due to its sustainable approach, biomass is the subject of much research focused on the synthesis of multifunctional materials including electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, sawdust from the processing of birch logs was used to produce a highly porous carbon material (CBW) that is employed for the construction of electrodes for aluminum batteries (ABs) and supercapacitors (SCs). A multitude of characterizations indicated that CBW is built in with highly disordered amorphous carbons and an extremely high specific surface area of 3029 m2 g−1 which is predominant with microporous features. The chemical analysis of CBW indicated the presence of a significant amount of oxygen functionalities. As a cathode of AB, CBW achieved discharge capacities 115, 74, 54, 50, 47, 43, and 29 mAh g−1 at current rates 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 10.0 A g−1, respectively. Similarly, SC with CBW symmetric electrodes exhibited capacitances 143, 94, 87, 79, 74, 69, 65, and 51 F g−1 at current rates 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 10.0 A g−1, respectively. The electrochemical characterization revealed that CBW is promising for ABs and SCs, and controlling the porosity type could further enhance the performance.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Monosubstituted [n]Paracyclophane using a Desymmetrization/Kinetic Resolution Sequence
Authors: Li Jia , Dong Ziyang , Liu Shuyuan , Liu Xinyu , Zhao Changgui
Published: January 2025

Optically pure monosubstituted [n]paracyclophanes are promising candidates for material synthesis, asymmetric catalysis, and drug discovery. Thus far, only a few catalytic asymmetric synthesis processes have been reported for assessing these stained atropisomers. In this study, we describe a highly enantioselective synthesis of monosubstituted [n]paracyclophanes by combining desymmetrization and kinetic resolution. The proposed protocol involves Pd‐catalyzed atroposelective C–H bond olefination enabled by a monoprotected amino acid ligand, which affords a variety of monosubstituted [n]paracyclophanes with excellent enantioselectivity (≥99% ee). Thermodynamic experiments are conducted to investigate the racemization barrier. The synthesized monosubstituted [n]paracyclophanes exhibit vivid fluorescence and impressive circularly polarized luminescence. Further, the emission color and dissymmetry factor can be tuned and controlled by switching the substituent on the benzene ring of the cyclophanes.
Novel Approach for Efficient Separation of Primary Amines Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Authors: Wang Binhao , Shen Yu , Hao Ruonan , Pan Shuheng , Han Ruizhi , Ni Ye
Published: January 2025

Efficient enantioselective separation is a critical process in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for the production of chiral compounds. Herein, we developed a novel approach for the efficient enantioselective separation of primary amines using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a commercially available SFC column, Cel1. The key factors of separation, including cosolvent ratios, total cosolvent percentages, and temperature, were systematically assessed in this study. It revealed that utilization of a cosolvent mixture consisting of methanol and isopropanol in a 1:3 (v/v) ratio with a low total cosolvent percentage of 5% resulted in superior retention and selectivity. Additionally, it was observed that maintaining mid‐range temperatures at 30 and 35°C achieved optimal balance between retention and efficiency. Employment of commercially available SFC columns streamlined the separation process, reducing analysis time and labor. This study highlights the effectiveness of SFC as a powerful tool for conducting high‐throughput enantioselective separations in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.
Cytologic diagnosis of fumarate hydratase‐deficient renal cell carcinoma: A single‐institutional experience
Authors: Mullane Patrick C. , Qian Xiaohua , Lau Hubert D. , Lowe Alarice Cheng‐Yi
Published: January 2025

Background

Fumarate hydratase‐deficient renal cell carcinoma (FHRCC) is an aggressive carcinoma that typically presents as advanced‐stage disease. Prompt recognition of FHRCC is critical for appropriate clinical care and genetic counseling for patients and family members. However, diagnosing FHRCC from cytology specimens is challenging, with limited characterization and no reports describing prospectively identified cases.

Methods

Cytology fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cases diagnosed as FHRCC were reviewed, including two prospectively identified cases.

Results

Five cases of FHRCC diagnosed by FNA cytology were identified in five unique patients. The cytologic samples included four FNAs with core biopsy and one FNA with cell block. Biopsy sites included kidney (n = 1), chest wall (n = 1), omentum (n = 1), lung (n = 1), and cervical lymph node (n = 1). All cases demonstrated cytologically malignant epithelial cells characterized by enlarged, round nuclei with variable pleomorphism, irregular nuclear membranes, prominent nucleoli, and moderate‐to‐abundant amounts of cytoplasm. Perinucleolar halos characterized by chromatin margination and pallor around macronucleoli were seen in all cases. Cytologic features not previously described included cytoplasmic macrovacuoles and eosinophilic globules, cytophagocytosis, and floral groups. Papillary architecture was rarely present on aspirate smears. Cell block sections showed variable architectural patterns. By immunohistochemistry, FH was definitively lost in three of five cases (60%), and 2‐succinocysteine was positive in all 5 cases (100%).

Conclusions

Cytologic specimens of FHRCC demonstrate salient cytomorphologic features that can support their initial diagnosis. Confirmatory immunohistochemical testing using a dual panel of fumarate hydratase and 2‐succinocysteine is recommended for the diagnosis in limited biopsy samples.
Changes in the Difficulty of Endodontic Cases Treated by Undergraduate Students at a University Clinic Between 1971 and 2019
Authors: Sunde Pia Titterud , Skallevold Erling , Kaur Manpreet , Ørstavik Dag Solmund
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to assess the proportions of complicated endodontic cases treated by undergraduate dental students in a University clinic now and in the past.

Material and Methods

Data were obtained from the electronic records and previous publications from the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway. The operators were dental undergraduate students in their final 2 years of training. Proportions of tooth types, diagnosis, and retreatments were studied.

Results

The amount of endodontically treated molars increased from 18% in 1971% to 44% in 2019. The number of teeth with preoperative apical periodontitis increased from 31% to 46%, and retreatments from 9% to 15%. The changes were highly significant, with the greatest change occurring from 1984 to 2009.

Conclusion

Undergraduate students are exposed to more complicated teeth now than 50 years ago.
Chromosome 1 QTLs associated with response to bacterial leaf spot in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Morrison Audrey K. , Goldman Irwin L.
Published: January 2025

Bacterial leaf spot (BLS), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar aptata (Psa), is a seedborne, foliar disease affecting members of the Amaranthaceae and Cucurbitaceae families, including table beet and Swiss chard crops. There is no known resistance to BLS in beet or chard. A diversity panel, modified from the Wisconsin Beta Diversity Panel (WBDP) and comprised of 219 accessions from the Beta vulgaris crop complex, was assembled and genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphism data. These accessions were screened by foliar inoculation of Psa and visually evaluated for percentage of diseased leaf tissue. Overall, sugar beet and Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima accessions had the lowest BLS response, whereas table beet accessions had the largest range of responses. Phenotypic means were adjusted using best linear unbiased estimates, and two different software programs, GWASpoly and GAPIT3, were utilized to conduct a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Leaf color was found to be significantly associated with and correlated with BLS response scores, and was used as a covariate in GWAS analysis. An association with BLS response was detected on chromosome 1 in the full WBDP, explaining upward of 21% of the variation in the phenotype. The marker associated with this quantitative trait locus (QTL), Chr1_61344476, showed an additive relationship between dosage and BLS response. Eleven candidate genes, described and annotated in sugar beet, were associated with this QTL. Some of these include F Box domains, RNA‐binding proteins, and calcium‐dependent kinases, all of which have roles in plant defense responses. Marker Chr1_61344476 may be useful in breeding for BLS resistance in members of the Beta vulgaris crop complex.
An Advanced Energy Efficient Resource Allocation for Software‐Defined WSN Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ballary Ramachandra , Hegde Rajeshwari M.
Published: January 2025

Software‐Defined Wireless Sensor Networking (SDWSN) is termed a rising network structure that has become more important to the Internet of Things (IoT). In this network structure, the control planes effectively manage the sensor plane. Due to these kinds of separation, the management of networks became easier and also their efficacies are enhanced in the self‐motivated atmosphere. The common issue presented in the sensor atmosphere is minimal life in the network devices inspired by the maximal level of energy consumption rate. The current study provides a system architecture that intends to increase efficiency in an SDWSN by incorporating optimization techniques. A novel hybrid optimization strategy is created by merging the Election‐Based Optimization Algorithm (EBOA) with the Ladybird Beetle Optimization Algorithm (LBOA), and the result is known as Hybrid Election‐based Ladybird Beetle Optimization (HELBO). This work examines an energy‐efficient resource allocation mechanism in SDWSNs that have substantial computing power and memory. These algorithms optimize the bandwidth along with power allocation in the SDWSN to attain a considerable Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) under the individual constraint of quality of service. Finally, empirical findings show that the recommended HELBO method outperforms other present algorithms.
Multiscale Nonlinear Response of Extreme Meteorological–Hydrothermal Events in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Yu Long , Guo Wenxian , Yang Huan , Li Yanhua , Wang Hongxiang
Published: January 2025

Under the backdrop of climate warming, the outbreak of short‐term extreme heat events can easily lead to irreversible changes in aquatic ecosystems. Delving into their intrinsic driving mechanisms and nonlinear characteristics is key to preventing natural disasters. This study, focusing on the upper Yangtze River as the research area, constructs a joint copula function model to analyze the joint occurrence probability and return period of extreme meteorological heat events. Through the bivariate cross–wavelet transform method, the study explores the multiscale dynamic response relationships and phase characteristics of extreme meteorological–hydrothermal events in the upper Yangtze River. Furthermore, a joint multifractal model of nonlinear responses for extreme meteorological–hydrothermal events was established. The results indicate that extreme high‐heat meteorological events in the upper Yangtze River tend to occur more frequently and severely, with duration–kurtosis events likely to coincide within a 2‐year return period, as well as high‐intensity low‐frequency high‐heat duration–severity events occurring simultaneously. Overall, before 2005, extreme high‐hydrothermal events exhibited phase characteristics lagging behind meteorological changes, which then shifted from lag to lead. Under three scenarios of change, meteorological–hydrothermal events exhibit a clear nonlinear response relationship. Apart from duration, severity and kurtosis all show significant nonlinear relationships.
A long‐term study on food choices and nutritional goals of a leaf‐eating primate
Authors: Lauer Patrick , Chapman Colin A. , Omeja Patrick , Rothman Jessica M. , Kalbitzer Urs
Published: January 2025

Efficient foraging plays a critical role in fitness, yet food choices and underlying nutritional goals vary among animals. To understand those choices and therefore the importance of different food resources, many studies estimate food preferences by applying electivity indices that account for resource availabilities. However, the general applicability of electivity indices in biologically relevant foraging scenarios is unclear. Our major aims were to find effective methods to estimate animals' food choices and to investigate long‐term food choices and underlying nutritional goals of the red colobus monkey (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) in Kibale National Park, Uganda, an endangered folivore. We used simulations of different foraging conditions to evaluate the applicability of electivity indices in biologically relevant scenarios to help interpret our results. Then, we used long‐term data collected between 2006 and 2016 on the feeding behavior and ecology of red colobus to determine the consumption frequencies of different foods and their food preferences. Based on these results and nutritional concentrations of young leaves of frequently consumed tree species, we investigated the importance of the protein‐to‐fiber ratio in their diet. Our simulations highlight limitations of electivity indices in biologically relevant foraging scenarios. Further, red colobus clearly chose young leaves over other plant parts, and, considering species and plant part, red colobus fed on many different items, but few dominated their diet. The availability and spatial distribution varied across the most consumed foods, but red colobus preferences remained mostly stable over time. Protein‐to‐fiber ratio had no association with preference but with consumption frequencies of different young leaves. The limitations of electivity indices in different foraging conditions underline the importance of comparing food preferences with consumption frequencies to assess the importance of different food resources. Our results provide a robust understanding of the food choices and nutritional goals of a leaf‐eating animal that can ultimately be used for implementing more effective conservation measures by directing habitat protection or restoration efforts toward these resources.
Environmental DNA Haplotyping Reveals Dispersal Patterns of Invasive Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, in Japan
Authors: Wakimura Kei , Yonekura Ryuji , Yamanaka Hiroki , Uchii Kimiko
Published: January 2025

Biological invasions represent a significant threat to global biodiversity. Population genetics plays a crucial role in addressing the invasion history of invasive species, as information on the genetic structure of local populations of invasive species is useful in estimating their source and dispersal. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of an environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approach for estimating the dispersal patterns of invasive species, using bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), a freshwater fish introduced to Japan in 1960. We developed an eDNA haplotyping assay based on high‐throughput sequencing and validated its ability to reproduce the haplotype distribution of bluegill sunfish in Japan, which had previously been determined through DNA analysis of individual fish. We also detected a negative relationship between the number of detected haplotypes and the geographic distance from Lake Biwa, one of the initial introduction sites, to each study site. This genetic pattern can occur in introduced species as a result of serial founder events during their range expansion. Our results suggested that Lake Biwa is the source of bluegill sunfish distribution in Japan, which is consistent with the invasion records of this species. We demonstrated the potential of the eDNA haplotyping assay for estimating the dispersal patterns of invasive species, which would aid the preparation of countermeasures against emerging biological invasions by simultaneously enabling the early detection and tracking of invasive species.
Pro‐adrenomedullin as an independent predictive biomarker for heart failure in atrial fibrillation and flutter
Authors: Hu Gaifeng , Peng Xiaodong , He Liu , Lai Yiwei , Liu Nian , Li Xin , Sang Caihua , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study aimed to investigate potential biomarkers for predicting incident heart failure (HF) in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF and AFL), utilizing proteomic data from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB‐PPP).

Methods

This study analysed data from AF and AFL patients, split into discovery (n = 1050) and replication (n = 305) cohorts. Plasma biomarkers were screened using a multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessments were conducted to evaluate predictive performance.

Results

Over a follow‐up of 14.2 years, 222 cases (21.1%) of HF were documented in the discovery cohort, while 117 cases (38.4%) occurred over 13.8 years in the replication cohort. Out of 2923 proteins measured, only pro‐adrenomedullin (pro‐ADM) consistently showed a significant association with incident HF in both cohorts. In the discovery cohort, each unit increase in pro‐ADM was linked to an increased risk of HF (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.64–4.71, P < 0.001, FDR = 0.026), which was confirmed in the replication cohort (HR = 3.95, 95% CI 1.97–7.94, P < 0.001, FDR = 0.012). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with higher pro‐ADM levels had significantly shorter time to HF onset, with median times ranging from 2306 to 3183 days across quartiles (P < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of HF ranged from 15.3% to 42.7% across quartiles of pro‐ADM (log‐rank P < 0.001). Adding pro‐ADM to a model with traditional risk factors, including NT‐proBNP, significantly improved predictive accuracy for 3‐year (AUC = 0.783; integrated discrimination improvement [IDI] = 0.010 and net reclassification index [NRI] = 0.206, both P = 0.002) and 5‐year (AUC = 0.749, IDI = 0.013, NRI = 0.179, P = 0.001) risk of HF. In sensitivity analyses, the association between pro‐ADM and incident HF remained consistent after excluding participants with self‐reported AF and AFL, with each unit increase in pro‐ADM being associated with an increased risk of HF (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.02–3.04, P = 0.041) and across subgroups of paroxysmal AF (HR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.11–7.07, P = 0.029) and persistent AF (HR = 4.36, 95% CI 1.41–13.43, P = 0.010).

Conclusions

Pro‐ADM is identified as an independent biomarker for predicting incident HF in AF and AFL patients. Its inclusion in risk prediction models enhances the ability to stratify HF risk beyond traditional biomarkers, demonstrating its potential utility in clinical practice.
Construction and Reactivity of Benzimidazole‐Modified Thiolate‐Bridged Diiron Complexes with Different Electronic Structures
Authors: Di Kai , Yang Dawei , Du Ronghuan , Dong Shengbin , Wang Baomin , Qu Jingping
Published: January 2025

Thiolate‐bridged diiron complexes have drawn extensive attention due to their wide applications in the biomimetic simulation for the structure and function of various metalloenzymes and the related bioinspired catalysis. Through the introduction of the functional subunit into the bridging thiolate ligands, the resulting thiolate‐bridged diiron complexes with different geometric and electronic structures can exhibit distinct reactivity. Herein, we utilize a half‐sandwich type of mononuclear iron complex as the reaction precursor to construct two novel thiolate‐bridged diiron complexes featuring the benzimidazole moiety through the oxidative dimerization strategy. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the two thiolate ligands containing the benzimidazole group in a syn arrangement bridge the two iron centers through the sulfur and nitrogen atoms. Furthermore, Mössbauer spectroscopy and computational studies suggest two complexes both possess two low‐spin FeIII ions, but adopt different magnetic couplings to give different electronic structures. Notably, difference in geometric and electronic structures between two complexes results in the distinct reactivity toward the azide species.
A Pair of Hydrogen‐Bonded Cobalt(II) Complexes Showing the Proton Conduction and Spin Crossover Property
Authors: Liu Fu‐Bin , Shang Meng‐Jia , Lu Han‐Han , Li Jing , Kong Cong , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Meng Yin‐Shan , Liu Tao
Published: January 2025

Achieving high proton conductivity in spin‐crossover (SCO) compounds is promising for the development of magnetoelectric and spintronics devices. In this work we designed two spin‐crossover and proton‐conductive bifunctional Co(II) compounds, [Co(Pyrimidine‐terpy)2](BF4)2⋅2H2O (1⋅2H2O; Pyrimidine‐terpy=4′‐(5‐pyrimidinyl)‐2,2′:6′,2“‐terpyridine) and [Co(Pyrimidine‐terpy)2](ClO4)2⋅2H2O (2⋅2H2O). Both compounds undergo the typical spin transitions and have a hydrogen‐bonding network consisting of anions with solvent water molecules. At 353 K and under 95 % relative humidity, the proton conductivity of 1⋅2H2O was 1.9×10−4 S cm−1 and that of 2⋅2H2O was 7.5×10−5 S cm−1. The activation energy analysis indicates that the proton conduction of 1⋅2H2O follows the Vehicle mechanism in the temperature range of 303–318 K, while the Grotthuss mechanism plays a dominant role in the higher temperature range of 323–353 K. Additionally, 2⋅2H2O also follows the Grotthuss mechanism in the temperature range of 338–353 K. This study provides new guidelines for the design of novel SCO molecular materials with proton conduction functionality.
A Platinum Complex Capable of Forming a Crystal Containing Two Distinct Molecular Arrangements
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Yano Akihito
Published: January 2025

A platinum complex that contains benzoselenophene and 2,6‐dichlorophenyl isocyanide groups [Pt(BS)2(DCPI)2; BS=2‐benzoselenophenyl, DCPI=2,6‐dichlorophenyl isocyanide; 1] forms crystalline samples that show blue or green emission. The blue‐emitting crystals showed luminescent mechanochromism, affording a green‐emitting powder due to a grinding‐induced crystal‐to‐amorphous phase transition. Despite the different emission colors of the green‐ and blue‐emitting crystals, their powder X‐ray patterns are similar, suggesting that the green‐emitting crystals contain both the blue‐emitting crystal domain and a small amount of an amorphous phase, between which energy transfer occurs to achieve the green photoluminescence from the minor domain.