bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis in a pediatric patient: A case report
Authors: Liu Jing , Tao Jinhao , Chen Weiming , Wang Tingting , Chen Xin , Shen Meili , Ou Qiuxiang , Zhang Yunjian , Ding Yifeng , Wu Jufang , Cheng Xunjia , Lu Guoping , Yan Gangfeng
Published: October 2022

Background

Angiostrongyluseosinophilic meningitis (AEM) is a rare yet emerging disease caused byAngiostrongylus cantonensisinfection. Its atypical symptoms may delay the diagnosis and cause fatal outcomes, especially in the early stages of infection and among children.

Case presentation

Here we reported the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of an 8-year-old boy with severeA. cantonensisinfection. The mNGS tests consistently identified the infection ofA. cantonensisprior to the detection by the immunologic method and confirmed it as AEM. Owing to the multidisciplinary team (MDT)-administrated treatments and close disease monitoring based on regular clinical tests and sequential mNGS tests, the patients eventually fully recovered from severe infectious conditions.

Conclusion

This case demonstrated the advantages of mNGS for early diagnosis of AEM in pediatric patients, highlighting its application for pan-pathogen detection, as well as disease monitoring for severeA. cantonensisinfection.
Relative deprivation and depressive symptoms among Chinese migrant children: The impacts of self-esteem and belief in a just world
Authors: Xiong Meng , Hu Zhiqin
Published: October 2022

Background

Studies have shown that relative deprivation is a risk factor for depressive symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clarified. Thus, this study formulated a moderated mediation model to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of belief in a just world between relative deprivation and depressive symptoms among rural-to-urban migrant children.

Methods

A sample of 1,076 Chinese migrant children (Mage = 12.25 years, SD = 1.66) completed measurements of relative deprivation, self-esteem, belief in a just world, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mediating mechanism and moderating effect of the study were explored with the SPSS PROCESS macro (Models 4 and 7).

Results

The results showed a significant positive association between relative deprivation and depressive symptoms, with self-esteem partially mediating this association. Moreover, belief in a just world moderated the association between relative deprivation and self-esteem. Namely, the indirect effect of self-esteem was moderated by belief in a just world. Specifically, the mediating effect was stronger for migrant children with higher levels of belief in a just world.

Conclusion

These findings broaden our knowledge of how and when relative deprivation influences depressive symptoms among migrant children. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent and manage migrant children' depression and provide them with corresponding guidance. Some measures could be taken by schools and educators to help migrant children with high relative deprivation in improving their self-esteem and belief in a just world, such as self-reference tasks and psychological intervention programs.
Health workforce policy in the Russian Federation: How to overcome a shortage of physicians?
Authors: Sheiman Igor
Published: October 2022

Russia looks for ways to overcome a shortage of physicians. Health workforce policy is focused on training an additional number of physicians. The current efforts have reduced some areas of the shortage but failed to solve the problem due to many factors that reproduce the deficit. A distorted structure of service delivery with weak primary care generates demand for outpatient specialists and hospital doctors and requires a perpetual increase in their number. The lack of long-term labor planning results in the oversupply of some specialties and the shortage of others. The regulation of post-graduate training is not enough to improve the allocation of physicians across specialties and health system sectors. We argue that an extensive increase in the number of physicians without changing their composition will hardly change the situation. A more active structural policy is required with a focus on strengthening primary care and improving planning and regulation of health workforce structure.
Effects of social assistance on self-rated health
Authors: Shao Siqi , Che Tiantian , Zhou Deshui
Published: October 2022

Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data in 2018, medical assistance and life assistance have significant negative influences on self-rated health, found via an empirical analysis based on the Oprobit model. Such negative influences are robust based on the substitution of explained variables and propensity score matching. It can be found from a heterogeneity analysis that the negative influences of medical assistance on self-rated health are more significant in urban residents and residents in Central China and East China. Meanwhile, negative influences of life assistance on self-rated health are more significant in urban residents, and residents in Central China, East China, and Northeast China. This study provides empirical evidence to improve the health of residents by using medical assistance and life assistance accurately and offers important policy enlightenments to formulate appropriate social assistance policies.
Screen-based sedentary behaviors but not total sedentary time are associated with anxiety among college students
Authors: Huang Tao , Zheng Kefeng , Li Shiyuan , Yang Yanxiang , Kong Lingxuan , Zhao Ying
Published: October 2022

Objective

The purpose of the study was to investigate the associations of device-measured total sedentary time and screen-based sedentary time with anxiety in college students.

Methods

Three hundred and twenty-one college students (mean age = 19.72 ± 1.18, 55.8% females) were recruited from Shanghai, China. Total sedentary time was objectively measured using accelerometry, while screen-based sedentary time was self-reported. Anxiety symptom was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Linear regression modeling was used to assess the associations of total sedentary time and screen-based sedentary time with anxiety symptom.

Results

Accelerometer-assessed total sedentary time was not associated with anxiety symptom. Prolonged sedentary time on TV and movie viewing (>2 h on weekdays) and social media using (>2 h on weekdays and weekend) were associated with a higher level of anxiety. However, time on video gaming and recreational reading was not associated with anxiety symptom.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that screen-based sedentary behaviors but not total sedentary time were associated with anxiety symptom among college students. The associations of screen-based sedentary behaviors with anxiety symptom varied by the types of screen time.
Case report: Unexpected parvovirus B19 infection in a myeloma patient treated with daratumumab
Authors: Palazzo Marianna , Ciolli Gaia , Pilerci Sofia , Attucci Irene , Pengue Ludovica , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Antonioli Elisabetta
Published: October 2022

Multiple myeloma patients have an increased risk of infections due to both the inherent nature of the disease and ongoing treatment. We describe the case of a patient who was treated with daratumumab-lenalidomide-dexamethasone regimen for two years and developed a parvovirus B19 infection. The clinical picture, characterized by trilinear cytopenia, was initially attributed to anti-neoplastic treatment. Later on, when the patient’s condition worsened, an extensive diagnostic workup was applied and parvovirus B19 infection was detected by PCR. Due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs, the patient received IV immunoglobulins and it took 10 days to achieve a decrease in viral copies. Physicians should be aware that recent changes in the therapeutic scenario of multiple myeloma would make patients more susceptible to atypical infections in this patient setting.
Depth-resolved photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide in the global ocean using remotely sensed ocean color
Authors: Zhu Yuting , Powers Leanne C. , Kieber David J. , Miller William L.
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural waters, affecting water quality via participation in metal redox reactions and causing oxidative stress for marine ecosystems. While attempts have been made to better understand H2O2 dynamics in the global ocean, the relative importance of various H2O2 sources and losses remains uncertain. Our model improves previous estimates of photochemical H2O2 production rates by using remotely sensed ocean color to characterize the ultraviolet (UV) radiation field in surface water along with quantitative chemical data for the photochemical efficiency of H2O2 formation. Wavelength- and temperature-dependent efficiency (i.e., apparent quantum yield, AQY) spectra previously reported for a variety of seawater sources, including coastal and oligotrophic stations in Antarctica, the Pacific Ocean at Station ALOHA, the Gulf of Mexico, and several sites along the eastern coast of the United States were compiled to obtain a “marine-average” AQY spectrum. To evaluate our predictions of H2O2 photoproduction in surface waters using this single AQY spectrum, we compared modeled rates to new measured rates from Gulf Stream, coastal, and nearshore river-outflow stations in the South Atlantic Bight, GA, United States; obtaining comparative differences of 33% or less. In our global model, the “marine-average” AQY spectrum was used with modeled solar irradiance, together with satellite-derived surface seawater temperature and UV optical properties, including diffuse attenuation coefficients and dissolved organic matter absorption coefficients estimated with remote sensing-based algorithms. The final product of the model, a monthly climatology of depth-resolved H2O2 photoproduction rates in the surface mixed layer, is reported for the first time and provides an integrated global estimate of ∼21.1 Tmol yr−1 for photochemical H2O2 production. This work has important implications for photo-redox reactions in seawater and improves our understanding of the role of solar irradiation on ROS cycling and the overall oxidation state in the oceans.
A novel approach for portal system reconstruction in liver transplant patients with grade IV portal vein thrombosis: Case study and literature review
Authors: Qu Wei , Zhu Zhi-Jun , Wei Lin
Published: October 2022

Background

Portal vein thrombosis is a common problem of end-stage liver disease in patients with portal hypertension and Yerdel grade IV thrombosis may be a contraindication for liver transplantation. Advances in surgical technique have indicated the feasibility of liver transplantation with PVT such as Reno-portal anastomosis, cavo-portal hemitransposition, but low graft portal blood perfusion and regional portal hypertension were the limitations.

Methods

We introduce a new approach for portal system reconstruction in a patient underwent liver transplantation: A 28-year-old male was diagnosed with Budd-Chari syndrome and portal hypertension with grade IV portal vein thrombosis.

Results

The “Pull-out” technique was applicated for thrombectomy, which can aid in exposing the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein branches and reducing technical difficulties associated with the identification and dissociation of surrounding anatomical structures. To collect sufficient portal vein blood perfusion and avoid regional portal hypertension, the portal vein system was reconstructed through double-approach procedure: reno-portal anastomosis combined with portal-portal anastomosis.

Conclusion

Based on a precision preoperative evaluation, application of the Pull-out technique and double-approach procedure may be an effective method of thrombectomy especially in cases of grade IV portal vein thrombosis.
What Motivates Young Athletes to Play Sport?
Authors: Spray Christopher M. , Warburton Victoria E.
Published: October 2022

Motivation is a key factor in young people choosing to play sport outside of school. For example, when playing sport, you could be concerned with getting better at skills, or you might be more focused on being better than other athletes. Moreover, you could choose to take part in sport because you enjoy it, or you could participate because your parents say so. In this article, we explain these two ways of looking at motivation—one that is all about the goals you strive for, and the other that is all about your reasons for taking part. Sport scientists have used these approaches frequently to understand motivation in youth sport and to promote more rewarding experiences. To stay in youth sport longer, it is better if you want to improve yourself rather than to out-do others, and better if you want to be involved rather than feeling forced to participate.
Obstructive Lung Disease Is About More Than Just Airways: Blood Supply Matters
Authors: Paynter Amanda S. , Lai Vanessa , Smyth Reggie , King James , Coote Julia , Colpman Pierce , Phillips Devin B. , Domnik Nicolle J.
Published: October 2022

Within their small air sacs, our lungs exchange oxygen (O2) from the air for the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by our bodies. In these air spaces, O2 moves into small blood vessels while CO2 moves from the blood out into the air. Lung diseases can impair airflow and reduce the number of blood vessels in the lungs, making it harder to take in O2 and eliminate CO2. These changes to the lungs contribute to symptoms like breathlessness. The relationship between airflow and blood flow in our lungs is called V/Q, where V is for ventilation—the movement of air—and Q is for perfusion—blood flow to the lungs. While people with healthy lungs have good a good match between V and Q, those with certain lung diseases often have poor V/Q matching. In this article, we describe the origins of V/Q mismatch and its impact on lung function.
Building “First Expire, First Out” models to predict food losses at retail due to cold chain disruption in the last mile
Authors: Herron Charles B. , Garner Laura J. , Siddique Aftab , Huang Tung-Shi , Campbell Jesse C. , Rao Shashank , Morey Amit
Published: October 2022

Current less-than-truckload (LTL) shipping practices allow for temperature abuse (TA) in the last segment (last mile) of the food supply chain. When this TA is combined with “First In, First Out” product rotation methods, it could lead to food spoilage and food waste; therefore, data-based decision models are needed to aid retail managers. An experiment was designed using pallets (4 layers/pallet × 5 boxes/layer) of commercially produced boneless chicken breast filet trays. The pallets were exposed to 24 h of simulated LTL TA (cyclic 2 h at 4°C, then 2 h at 23 ± 2°C). Filet temperatures were recorded for all 20 boxes using dataloggers with thermocouple wires. Additionally, microbiological sampling of filets [aerobic plate counts (APC) and psychrotrophic plate counts (PSY)] was conducted before (0 h of LTL TA) and after (24 h of LTL TA) the TA experiment for select boxes of the pallet and compared to control filets (maintained at 4°C). After TA, a shelf-life experiment was conducted by storing filets from predetermined boxes at 4°C until spoilage (7 log CFU/ml). Temperature and microbiological data were augmented using Monte Carlo simulations (MC) to build decision making models using two methods; (1) the risk of each box on the pallet reaching the bacterial “danger zone” (>4°C) was determined; and (2) the risk-of-loss (shelf-life < 4 days; minimum shelf-life required to prevent food waste) was determined. Temperature results indicated that boxes on the top and bottom layers reached 4°C faster than boxes comprising the middle layers while the perimeter boxes of each layer reached 4°C faster than centrally located boxes. Shelf-life results indicate simulated LTL TA reduced shelf-life by 2.25 and 1.5 days for APC and PSY, respectively. The first MC method showed the average risk of boxes reaching 4°C after 24 h of simulated LTL TA were 94.96%, 43.20%, 27.20%, and 75.12% for layers 1–4, respectively. The second MC method indicated that exposure at >4°C for 8 h results in a risk-of-loss of 43.8%. The findings indicate that LTL TA decreases shelf-life of chicken breast filets in a heterogenous manner according to location of boxes on the pallet. Therefore, predictive models are needed to make objective decisions so that a “First Expire, First Out” method can be implemented to reduce food wastes due to TA during the last mile.
Learning, playing, and experimenting with critical food futures
Authors: McGreevy Steven R. , Rupprecht Christoph D. D. , Tamura Norie , Ota Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Mai , Spiegelberg Maximilian
Published: October 2022

Imagining sustainable food futures is key to effectively transforming food systems. Yet even transdisciplinary approaches struggle to open up complex and highly segregated food policy governance for co-production and can fail to critically interrogate assumptions, worldviews, and values. In this Perspective we argue that transdisciplinary processes concerned with sustainable food system transformation need to meaningufully engage with critical food futures, and can do so through the use of soft scenario methods to learn about, play with, and experiment in futures. Specifically, soft scenarios contribute in four ways: 1) questioning widely held assumptions about the future; 2) being inclusive to multiple perspectives and worldviews; 3) fostering receptiveness to unimaginable futures; 4) developing futures literacy. Based on insights from a 5-year transdisciplinary action research project on sustainable food transformation across Asia, we demonstrate how these processes play out in narratives, serious games and interactive art featuring soft scenarios. We conclude by discussing the potential for collaboration between transdisciplinary and futures researchers, especially for transforming food systems.
Gastric transcatheter chemoembolization can resolve advanced gastric cancer presenting with obstruction
Authors: Peng Dong , Zhang Bin , Yuan Chao , Tong Yue , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2022

Background

Gastric transcatheter chemoembolization (GTC) is an interventional minimal invasive method, which has never been mentioned in the previous literature for advanced gastric cancer with obstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its safety and efficacy in treating advanced gastric cancer with obstruction.

Methods

Advanced gastric cancer patients with obstruction who underwent GTC were retrospectively analysed from June 2017 to January 2020. Baseline information, peri-intervention data, and post-intervention follow-up information were collected. Clinical data obtained before and after the GTC were compared, and the survival of all patients was analysed.

Result

Forty-Two patients were included in this study. 42 (100%) patients achieved technical success, and 22 (52.4%) achieved clinical success. The median time of the GTC was 83 (30.0–180.0) minutes, and the median time of hospitalization after GTC was 3 (1–6) days. One patient experienced abdominal pain during and after GTC. Twenty (47.6%) of the 42 patients underwent gastrectomy after intervention. The pre-intervention gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) was 1 (0–1) and the post-intervention GOOSS was 2 (0–3) (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The median follow-up time was 9.5 (3–35) months, and the overall survival time was 14 months. In the univariate survival analysis, a significant difference was observed between patients who did or did not undergo radical gastrectomy after GTC (p = 0.014 < 0.05).

Conclusions

GTC is a safe and effective treatment, and furthermore, it could be an alternative method in treating advanced gastric cancer with obstruction.
Operability of atrial septal defect with borderline pulmonary vascular resistance index: A study in developing country
Authors: Lilyasari Oktavia , Istisakinah Rini , Ariani Rina , Rahmat Budi , Liastuti Lies Dina , Kurniawati Yovi , Muliawan Hary Sakti , Sukmawan Renan
Published: October 2022

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to atrial septal defect (ASD) is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality in defect closure. We aimed to compare perioperative outcome between preoperative borderline and low pulmonary vascular resistance index (≥4 WU.m2 and <4 WU.m2, respectively) in surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect with concomitant pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods and results

This was a single-center retrospective cohort study between January 2015 and January 2020. We classified patients with low and borderline PVRI who underwent ASD closure and recorded the perioperative outcomes.

Results

We analyzed a total of 183 patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension; 92 patients with borderline PVRI and 91 patients with low PVRI. Borderline pulmonary vascular resistance index was not associated with increased risk of postoperative mortality (p = 0.621; OR0.48, 95% CI 0.04–5.48), but associated with higher risk of overall morbidity in bivariate analysis (p = 0.002; OR3.28, 95% CI 1.5–6.72). Multivariate analysis showed positive association of borderline pulmonary vascular resistance index (p = 0.045; OR2.63, 95% CI 1.02–6.77) and preoperative tricuspid valve gradient ≥64 mmHg (p = 0.034; OR2.77, 95% CI 1.08–7.13) with overall morbidity.

Conclusion

There is no difference in incidence of in-hospital mortality between preoperative borderline and low pulmonary vascular resistance index patients. However, preoperative borderline pulmonary vascular resistance index and tricuspid valve gradient ≥64 mmHg are associated with increased overall morbidity after surgical closure in secundum atrial septal defect patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Changes in TFG gene expression in bovine leucocytes transformed by Theileria annulata
Authors: Zhao Hong-xi , Li Xia , Liu Jun-long , Guan Gui-quan , Luo Jian-xun
Published: October 2022

Theileria annulata schizont-infected host cells in culture in vitro show unlimited proliferation similar to tumor cells; thus far, T. annulata and T. parva are the only eukaryotes that have been found to transform mammalian cells (immortalized). The transformation of these cells is reversible; when the parasite is eliminated in transformed cells by buparvaquone (BW720c), the host cells show normal growth and apoptosis. TFG is a tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene that is conserved among many species and is an important proto-oncogene. In this study, the bovine TFG gene was amplified by PCR from the cDNA of T. annulata schizont-transformed cells, cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After purification, the fusion protein was injected into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. Using T. annulata-transformed cells together with BW720c treatment to kill the parasite, we aimed to identify changes in TFG gene expression by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the bovine TFG gene was ~582 bp in size; SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the fusion protein was expressed in BL21 (DE3) cells with a molecular mass of 48 kD, and Western blotting indicated that the polyclonal antibodies could react with bovine TFG proteins from T. annulata-transformed cells and showed high specificity. Compared with that in the control group, the transcription level of the host TFG gene decreased significantly in the BW720c test group, and the expression of host tumor-related TFG protein decreased sharply after 72 h of drug treatment, suggesting that the TFG protein expression in transformed cells was directly related to T. annulata. This finding laid a foundation for further study on the interaction between T. annulata and host cells.
Comparison of oseltamivir and α-galactosylceramide for reducing disease and transmission in pigs infected with 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus
Authors: Madrid Darling Melany de C. , Gu Weihong , Artiaga Bianca L. , Yang Guan , Loeb Julia , Hawkins Ian K. , Castleman William L. , Lednicky John A. , Richt Jürgen A. , Driver John P.
Published: October 2022

Influenza virus infections are a major cause of respiratory disease in humans. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the primary antiviral medication used to treat ongoing influenza infections. However, NAIs are not always effective for controlling virus shedding and lung inflammation. Other concerns are the emergence of NAI-resistant virus strains and the risk of side effects, which are occasionally severe. Consequently, additional anti-influenza therapies to replace or combine with NAIs are desirable. Here, we compared the efficacy of the NAI oseltamivir with the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell superagonist, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which induces innate immune responses that inhibit influenza virus replication in mouse models. We show that oseltamivir reduced lung lesions and lowered virus titers in the upper respiratory tract of pigs infected with A/California/04/2009 (CA04) pandemic H1N1pdm09. It also reduced virus transmission to influenza-naïve contact pigs. In contrast, α-GalCer had no impact on virus replication, lung disease, or virus transmission, even when used in combination with oseltamivir. This is significant as iNKT-cell therapy has been studied as an approach for treating humans with influenza.
Distributed Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for Feature Selection in Big Data Classification
Authors: Haritha K. , Judy M. V. , Papageorgiou Konstantinos , Georgiannis Vassilis C. , Papageorgiou Elpiniki
Published: October 2022

The features of a dataset play an important role in the construction of a machine learning model. Because big datasets often have a large number of features, they may contain features that are less relevant to the machine learning task, which makes the process more time-consuming and complex. In order to facilitate learning, it is always recommended to remove the less significant features. The process of eliminating the irrelevant features and finding an optimal feature set involves comprehensively searching the dataset and considering every subset in the data. In this research, we present a distributed fuzzy cognitive map based learning-based wrapper method for feature selection that is able to extract those features from a dataset that play the most significant role in decision making. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) represent a hybrid computing technique combining elements of both fuzzy logic and cognitive maps. Using Spark’s resilient distributed datasets (RDDs), the proposed model can work effectively in a distributed manner for quick, in-memory processing along with effective iterative computations. According to the experimental results, when the proposed model is applied to a classification task, the features selected by the model help to expedite the classification process. The selection of relevant features using the proposed algorithm is on par with existing feature selection algorithms. In conjunction with a random forest classifier, the proposed model produced an average accuracy above 90%, as opposed to 85.6% accuracy when no feature selection strategy was adopted.
Model and Training Method of the Resilient Image Classifier Considering Faults, Concept Drift, and Adversarial Attacks
Authors: Moskalenko Viacheslav , Kharchenko Vyacheslav , Moskalenko Alona , Petrov Sergey
Published: October 2022

Modern trainable image recognition models are vulnerable to different types of perturbations; hence, the development of resilient intelligent algorithms for safety-critical applications remains a relevant concern to reduce the impact of perturbation on model performance. This paper proposes a model and training method for a resilient image classifier capable of efficiently functioning despite various faults, adversarial attacks, and concept drifts. The proposed model has a multi-section structure with a hierarchy of optimized class prototypes and hyperspherical class boundaries, which provides adaptive computation, perturbation absorption, and graceful degradation. The proposed training method entails the application of a complex loss function assembled from its constituent parts in a particular way depending on the result of perturbation detection and the presence of new labeled and unlabeled data. The training method implements principles of self-knowledge distillation, the compactness maximization of class distribution and the interclass gap, the compression of feature representations, and consistency regularization. Consistency regularization makes it possible to utilize both labeled and unlabeled data to obtain a robust model and implement continuous adaptation. Experiments are performed on the publicly available CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets using model backbones based on modules ResBlocks from the ResNet50 architecture and Swin transformer blocks. It is experimentally proven that the proposed prototype-based classifier head is characterized by a higher level of robustness and adaptability in comparison with the dense layer-based classifier head. It is also shown that multi-section structure and self-knowledge distillation feature conserve resources when processing simple samples under normal conditions and increase computational costs to improve the reliability of decisions when exposed to perturbations.
Formation Mechanism and Modeling Method of Wrinkling Defects in Variable Angle Tow Steering Fiber Placement
Authors: Yi Minghui , Liu Fei , Zhang Wuxiang , Ding Xilun
Published: October 2022

Variable angle tow steering technology is capable of manufacturing complex aviation parts with a trajectory of intricate curvature planned based on stress or profile characteristics, which greatly improves the forming efficiency, design flexibility and mechanical properties of composite structures. In view of the forming defects such as buckling and wrinkles caused by the lateral bending of fiber prepreg tow, a theoretical buckling model based on the Rayleigh Ritz method, the principle of minimum potential energy and the viscoelastic foundation is established, in which the adhesion coefficient is characterized by the degree of intimate contact to introduce process parameters. On the basis of the contact mechanics analysis, the distribution of the compaction pressure and bending stress is studied to improve the theoretical model, and the critical buckling load and the minimum radius of the tow under the normal and tangential contact conditions are determined precisely. Finally, the finite element models of compaction and variable angle steering placement are proposed, and the theoretical model and simulation model are verified by corresponding trials. It is demonstrated that defects can be effectively suppressed through optimizing process parameters.
Research on Trajectory Prediction of a High-Altitude Zero-Pressure Balloon System to Assist Rapid Recovery
Authors: Tang Jiwei , Pu Shumin , Yu Peixi , Xie Weicheng , Li Yunfei , Hu Binxing
Published: October 2022

A comprehensive simulation model is established to predict the trajectory of a high-altitude zero-pressure balloon flight system with no parachute that is required to carry the load floating at the designated altitude for several hours or less. A series of mathematical models, including thermal dynamic, atmospheric, earth, wind, geometry, and exhaust models, are developed to predict the trajectory of the balloon flight system. Based on these models, the uncertainties of the launch parameters and the corresponding flight performance are simulated. Combined with the control strategy, the entire flight trajectory is simulated and discussed in detail, including the ascending, floating, and descending phases. The results show that the vertical velocity takes on a W shape during the ascent process. Furthermore, the balloon begins to gradually descend with weakening solar radiation after noon. Moreover, the landing vertical speed of the balloon flight system can approach zero with the control strategy applied, whereas the lateral drift range is more limited relative to the uncontrolled flight mode. The results and conclusions presented herein contribute to the design and operation of a zero-pressure balloon flight system within limited airspace to improve the rapid recovery ability of the flight system.
Alternative Fuels for Agriculture Sustainability: Carbon Footprint and Economic Feasibility
Authors: Mathur Shivangi , Waswani Hunny , Singh Deeksha , Ranjan Rajiv
Published: October 2022

Agriculture is the foremost source of food for humans. Fossil fuels are typically used to operate farm machines, contributing to carbon emissions and accelerating climate change. It is possible to mitigate environmental damage by promoting renewable or alternative fuels, namely biofuels, solar energy, biomass, wind, geothermal, small-scale hydro, and wave power. Biofuels are considered as low carbon-emitting alternatives to conventional fuels. The use of biofuels promotes reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and reduces the related detrimental impact of transport. As an alternative to fossil fuels, renewable fuels seem to present a promising scenario. However, if low carbon products are promoted, analysis of each particular product’s GHG emissions and carbon footprint (CF) is needed. Nowadays, CF is considered as the prime indicator of environmental impact, and its calculation is in utmost demand. Agriculture significantly benefits from the use of renewable resources. The carbon footprint measurement has the potential to assess and compare carbon emissions generated by agricultural products and to identify points for improving environmental performance. Several studies have compared alternative fuels with conventional fuels, and it has been proven that using alternative fuels can significantly reduce traditional fuel consumption. Bioenergy includes a number of socio- economic, technical as well as environmental benefits that helps in achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDG). The aim to end malnutrition and hunger (SDG 2) requires a sustainable system for food production as well as resilient agriculture practices to improve agricultural productivity. The revenues from bioenergy projects can provide food and a better diet for small farming communities, thereby improving their quality of life. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive outlook of the role of alternative or biofuels in the agriculture sector, in terms of economic feasibility and carbon footprint, for sustainable development. This review also discusses the various generations of biofuels in attaining carbon neutrality, biofuel’s impact on the environment, applications in agriculture, and limitations.
Research on Strata Deformation Induced by EPB Tunneling in Round Gravel Stratum and Its Control Technology
Authors: Wang Zhe , Feng Weihao , Wu Shuwei , Wu Pengfei , Xu Sifa , Yao Zewei , Sun Jiuchun
Published: October 2022

Recently, many studies have been conducted on the stratum deformation induced by earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling in soft soil and sand. Movement laws vary largely among different strata. However, at present, relevant research mainly focuses on soft soil and sand, whereas little attention has been paid to the movement law of round gravel stratum with higher instability. In this study, a field monitoring test was carried out on the EPB shield machine when it passes through the round gravel stratum. Based on the analysis of monitoring results under different chamber earth pressures, thrust force, the torque of the cutter, grouting pressure, and grouting volume, the relationships between shield tunneling parameters and their influence on the disturbance of the surrounding soil mass were investigated. It was found that the surface deformation shape of the monitoring section of the south and north lines conforms to the Gaussian curve. The vertical deformation of the stratum at the tunnel axis is the largest. The maximum value is observed when the cutter head reaches the monitoring section. The horizontal deformation reaches a maximum value at the stage of the shield tail pass section. The strata deformation is not only related to the strata properties but also has a strong positive correlation with the shield tunneling parameters. The chamber earth pressure is the main factor affecting the stratum deformation before the arrival of the cutter head, and the grouting volume is the main factor affecting the strata deformation during the stage of the shield tail pass section.
Electronic, Optical, Mechanical and Li-Ion Storage Properties of Novel Benzotrithiophene-Based Graphdiyne Monolayers Explored by First Principles and Machine Learning
Authors: Mortazavi Bohayra , Shojaei Fazel , Shahrokhi Masoud , Rabczuk Timon , Shapeev Alexander V. , Zhuang Xiaoying
Published: October 2022

Recently, benzotrithiophene graphdiyne (BTT-GDY), a novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based material, was grown via a bottom-up synthesis strategy. Using the BTT-GDY lattice and by replacing the S atoms with N, NH and O, we designed three novel GDY lattices, which we named BTHP-, BTP- and BTF-GDY, respectively. Next, we explored structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, photocatalytic and Li-ion storage properties, as well as carrier mobilities, of novel GDY monolayers. Phonon dispersion relations, mechanical and failure behavior were explored using the machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs). The obtained HSE06 results reveal that BTX-GDYs (X = P, F, T) are direct gap semiconductors with band gaps in the range of 2.49–2.65 eV, whereas the BTHP-GDY shows a narrow indirect band gap of 0.06 eV. With appropriate band offsets, good carrier mobilities and a strong capability for the absorption of visible and ultraviolet range of light, BTF- and BTT-GDYs were predicted to be promising candidates for overall photocatalytic water splitting. The BTHP-GDY nanosheet, noticeably, was found to yield an ultrahigh Li-ion storage capacity of over 2400 mAh/g. The obtained findings provide a comprehensive vision of the critical physical properties of the novel BTT-based GDY nanosheets and highlight their potential for applications in nanoelectronics and energy storage and conversion systems.
Broadening the Horizons of RNA Delivery Strategies in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Shuaiying , Liu Chao , Bai Shuang , Lu Zhixiang , Liu Gang
Published: October 2022

RNA-based therapy is a promising and innovative strategy for cancer treatment. However, poor stability, immunogenicity, low cellular uptake rate, and difficulty in endosomal escape are considered the major obstacles in the cancer therapy process, severely limiting the development of clinical translation and application. For efficient and safe transport of RNA into cancer cells, it usually needs to be packaged in appropriate carriers so that it can be taken up by the target cells and then be released to the specific location to perform its function. In this review, we will focus on up-to-date insights of the RNA-based delivery carrier and comprehensively describe its application in cancer therapy. We briefly discuss delivery obstacles in RNA-mediated cancer therapy and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different carriers (cationic polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, lipids, etc.). In addition, we further summarize and discuss the current RNA therapeutic strategies approved for clinical use. A comprehensive overview of various carriers and emerging delivery strategies for RNA delivery, as well as the current status of clinical applications and practice of RNA medicines are classified and integrated to inspire fresh ideas and breakthroughs.
Polymer/Enzyme Composite Materials—Versatile Catalysts with Multiple Applications
Authors: Petrila Larisa-Maria , Grădinaru Vasile Robert , Bucatariu Florin , Mihai Marcela
Published: October 2022

A significant interest was granted lately to enzymes, which are versatile catalysts characterized by natural origin, with high specificity and selectivity for particular substrates. Additionally, some enzymes are involved in the production of high-valuable products, such as antibiotics, while others are known for their ability to transform emerging contaminates, such as dyes and pesticides, to simpler molecules with a lower environmental impact. Nevertheless, the use of enzymes in industrial applications is limited by their reduced stability in extreme conditions and by their difficult recovery and reusability. Rationally, enzyme immobilization on organic or inorganic matrices proved to be one of the most successful innovative approaches to increase the stability of enzymatic catalysts. By the immobilization of enzymes on support materials, composite biocatalysts are obtained that pose an improved stability, preserving the enzymatic activity and some of the support material’s properties. Of high interest are the polymer/enzyme composites, which are obtained by the chemical or physical attachment of enzymes on polymer matrices. This review highlights some of the latest findings in the field of polymer/enzyme composites, classified according to the morphology of the resulting materials, following their most important applications.
Treatment of Food Aversion and Eating Problems in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gigola Francesca , Carletti Virginia , Coletta Riccardo , Certini Martina , Del Riccio Marco , Bortolotti Caterina , Morabito Antonino
Published: October 2022

Food Aversion (FA) is a strong refusing behaviour to the oral assumption of food that can affect children with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). Management includes behavioural and Messy Play treatments, with few reports on systematic strategies to return the patient to enjoyable eating. We conducted a systematic review to better understand this complex and vital issue. (1) Materials and Methods: We investigated publications using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Web of Science to include articles published up to July 2022. The inclusion criteria were original articles including paediatric patients (aged < 18 years old) affected by SBS and Intestinal Failure (IF) who underwent treatment for FA. (2) Results: A total of 24 patients received treatment—15 (62.5%) patients were male and 9 (37.5%) were female. The age range was from 1 month to 16 years. Treatment of FA was carried out by behavioural therapy in 2 patients and Messy Play Therapy in 12 patients already surgically and pharmacologically managed for SBS. The treatment results showed complete weaning from Parenteral Nutrition in 9/14 cases (64%) using the behavioural treatment and 7/12 cases using Messy Play Therapy. (3) Conclusions: FA is a rare but disabling condition that often affects SBS patients, worsening their overall health and quality of life. This condition should be addressed in an Intestinal Rehabilitation Centre context. Our review sheds light on the literature gap regarding FA, and further studies are required to understand better which treatment options best suit SBS paediatric patients.
Lipid Nanoparticles: A Novel Gene Delivery Technique for Clinical Application
Authors: Mashima Ryuichi , Takada Shuji
Published: October 2022

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are an emerging vehicle for gene delivery that accommodate both nucleic acid and protein. Based on the experience of therapeutic liposomes, current LNPs have been developed based on the chemistry of lipids and RNA and on the biology of human disease. LNPs have been used for the development of Onpattro, an siRNA drug for transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, in 2018. The subsequent outbreak of COVID-19 required a vaccine for its suppression. LNP-based vaccine production received much attention for this and resulted in great success. In this review, the essential technology of LNP gene delivery has been described according to the chemistry for LNP production and biology for its clinical application.
Spatial Analysis of Schistosomiasis in Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Alene Kefyalew Addis , Gordon Catherine A. , Clements Archie C. A. , Williams Gail M. , Gray Darren J. , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Li Yuesheng , Utzinger Jürg , Kurscheid Johanna , Forsyth Simon , Zhou Jie , Li Zhaojun , Li Guangpin , Lin Dandan , Lou Zhihong , Li Shengming , Ge Jun , Xu Jing , Yu Xinling , Hu Fei , Xie Shuying , McManus Donald P.
Published: October 2022

Understanding the spatial distribution of schistosome infection is critical for tailoring preventive measures to control and eliminate schistosomiasis. This study used spatial analysis to determine risk factors that may impact Schistosoma japonicum infection and predict risk in Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces in the People’s Republic of China. The study employed survey data collected in Hunan and Jiangxi in 2016. Independent variable data were obtained from publicly available sources. Bayesian-based geostatistics was used to build models with covariate fixed effects and spatial random effects to identify factors associated with the spatial distribution of infection. Prevalence of schistosomiasis was higher in Hunan (12.8%) than Jiangxi (2.6%). Spatial distribution of schistosomiasis varied at pixel level (0.1 × 0.1 km), and was significantly associated with distance to nearest waterbody (km, β = −1.158; 95% credible interval [CrI]: −2.104, −0.116) in Hunan and temperature (°C, β = −4.359; 95% CrI: −9.641, −0.055) in Jiangxi. The spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in Hunan and Jiangxi varied substantially and was significantly associated with distance to nearest waterbody. Prevalence of schistosomiasis decreased with increasing distance to nearest waterbody in Hunan, indicating that schistosomiasis control should target individuals in close proximity to open water sources as they are at highest risk of infection.
LMI-Based Delayed Output Feedback Controller Design for a Class of Fractional-Order Neutral-Type Delay Systems Using Guaranteed Cost Control Approach
Authors: Aghayan Zahra Sadat , Alfi Alireza , Lopes António M.
Published: October 2022

In this research work, we deal with the stabilization of uncertain fractional-order neutral systems with delayed input. To tackle this problem, the guaranteed cost control method is considered. The purpose is to design a proportional–differential output feedback controller to obtain a satisfactory performance. The stability of the overall system is described in terms of matrix inequalities, and the corresponding analysis is performed in the perspective of Lyapunov’s theory. Two application examples verify the analytic findings.
An International Study of Correlates of Women’s Positive Body Image
Authors: Torres Sandra , Araújo Carolina A. , Fitzgerald Amanda , Dooley Barbara , Leondari Angeliki , Costa Cátia Miriam , Olenik-Shemesh Dorit , Sygkollitou Efthymia , Burusic Josip , Boone Liesbet , Šuvak-Martinović Marijana , Välimäki Maritta , Anttila Minna , Heiman Tali , Babarović Toni
Published: October 2022

Positive body image (PBI) has received attention in the recent research literature. Despite this, its role in daily functioning in different cultural contexts, particularly its potential relationship with academic outcomes, is still lacking. This study aimed to offer an international perspective on the association between PBI and body mass index (BMI), perceived academic achievement, and educational aspirations, as well as the mediating role of self-esteem. A cross-national study was conducted in eight European countries with a total of 2653 female university students. Participants completed an online survey measuring PBI (conceptualized as body appreciation), self-esteem, perceived academic achievement and aspirations, and body mass index (BMI). Results revealed differences in PBI between countries (low magnitude). PBI correlated negatively with BMI in all national groups (low-to-moderate magnitude). Mediation analysis showed that self-esteem mediated the association between PBI and academic variables. Findings from this study suggest that building students’ self-esteem and PBI can be a suitable way to boost academic success.