bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Putting Work to Bed: Stressful Experiences on the Job and Sleep Quality
Authors: Burgard Sarah A. , Ailshire Jennifer A.
Published: January 2010

Most adults spend one-third of every day sleeping and another third of most days at work. However, there is little analysis of the possible connections between common workplace experiences and sleep quality. This study uses the longitudinal and nationally-representative Americans' Changing Lives study to examine whether and how common conditions and experiences at work may “follow workers home” and impinge on their quality of sleep. We also explore how competing stressful experiences at home may influence sleep quality, and whether these are more salient than work experiences. Results show that frequently being bothered or upset at work is associated with poorer sleep quality, and the association is not explained by stressful experiences at home. These findings are discussed in relation to the sociological literatures on work, stress, and emotion.
Optimization of Fusing Process Conditions Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Soon Young Yoon  , Chang Kyu Park  , Kim Hyeong-Seok , Kim Sungmin
Published: January 2010

In this study we have developed a process for optimizing fusing conditions to maximize the bonding strength between a fabric and a fusible interlining before-and-after drying process using the Taguchi method. Four parameters, including types of fusible interlining, fusing temperature, fusing pressure, and fusing time, which are regarded as the most important factors from previous studies, were optionally selected to optimize the quality of fused composites. The Taguchi processes has the following steps: (1) calculate the signal-to-noise ( SN) ratios of repeated experimental observations; (2) find the corresponding conditions that influence fusing for a given fabric; (3) determine the optimum values of the fusing conditions; (4) calculate the prediction interval of maximum bonding strength of the fused composite with optimum fusing conditions; (5) certify the Taguchi processes that apply; and finally, (6) compare the expectation losses before and after improving bonding strength of the fused composite. The process was applied to 11 different 100% wool and wool/ polyester-blended fabrics with the specified experimental design using an optimum orthogonal array table. Conclusively, with the Taguchi processes applied in this study, we can easily determine the optimum fusing conditions for the maximization of bonding strength without any defects of fused composites with simple experiments.
Shapeable Stretch Textiles via Compound Weaves for Seamless Woven Fashion
Authors: Ng M.C.F. , Xueqin Wang  , Jinlian Hu  , Szeto Yu-cheung
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study is to further investigate shapeable stretch woven textiles for fashion, particularly seamless woven fashion (SWF). Based on the same SWF project, the prior study of shapeable stretch textiles has illuminated that shaped woven textiles could be produced by designing different simple weaves and utilizing their distinct shrinkages. For more creative and expressive requirements in fashion design, two types of main compound weaves, i.e., the weft-backed weaves and the self-stitched double weaves, are explored in this study. The structural characteristics and design parameters of the two compound weaves are discussed. The experimental results revealed certain correlations between the design parameters of the compound weaves and the full shrinkages of stretch fabrics. The specimens employing compound weaves exhibit distinctive dimensional and textual attributes, as well as applications in fashion. This research provides further references not only for stretch textile designs, but also for advanced designs in the manufacture of seamless fashion.
Dual-scanning System for Optical Estimation of Pilling Formation
Authors: Mendes António de Oliveira , Torrão Fiadeiro Paulo , Teixeira Pereira Mário José , Lopes Miguel Rui Alberto
Published: January 2010

In this paper we present and fully describe an experimental system, based on optical triangulation, for fabric quality control purposes in the textile industry, namely for the objective quantification of pilling formation. The chosen settings, together with the criteria used for each parameter of the system, are boarded and were fixed in order to optimize the performance of the implemented dual-scanning system. Four different experiments were carried out to test and characterize the implemented system. Regarding the application of this system, the experimental results obtained for the optical estimation of the pilling formation, on a set of five different fabrics, have been shown to be in agreement with the subjective grade classification, meaning that the implemented dual-scanning system can be used to objectively quantify this parameter.
KES-F Characterization and Hand Evaluation of Oxygen Plasma-Treated Wool Fabrics Dyed at Temperature Below the Boil
Authors: Rombaldoni Fabio , Montarsolo Alessio , Mazzuchetti Giorgio
Published: January 2010

In our previous works, we investigated the possibility of reducing the dyeing temperature of wool fabrics with oxygen low-temperature plasma pre-treatment. Fabrics were dyed replicating an industrial process on a laboratory-scale machine, and it was found that pre-treated fabrics could be dyed at 85°C with no worsening of their dyeing performances compared with fabrics conventionally dyed at the boil. In this work, the physical, low-stress mechanical and surface properties of untreated fabrics, untreated fabrics conventionally dyed at 98°C, and plasma-treated fabrics dyed at 85°C, were measured using Kawabata’s Evaluation System for Fabrics. In particular, there were significant increases in bending and shearing characteristic values for plasma-treated fabrics dyed below the boil (85°C). Moreover, subjective hand tests highlighted that these fabrics were stiffer and crisper than the other two types of fabric, thus confirming the results of objective measurements.
A Study of Wool/Polypropylene Non-wovens as an Alternative to the Hansen Filter
Authors: Schütz J.A. , Humphries W.
Published: January 2010

Wool/polypropylene non-wovens have been investigated as an alternative electrostatic wool filter to the resin-wool Hansen filter. Methylene blue dust-loading tests show that, provided that the fibers are adequately cleaned, low particle penetrations and low-pressure drops are achieved compared to purely mechanical filters. The filters exhibit the characteristic penetration-dust load curves that have been widely reported for electrostatic filters and the measured particle penetration and pressure drop are comparable to commercial electrostatic split-fiber filters. The optimum performance is achieved when equal surface areas of wool and polypropylene are present in the blend. Compared to a blend that does not generate any charge, the wool/polypropylene filters show an order of magnitude better performance. The charge on these filters is stable over a period of at least two and a half years.
Partner Reactions to Work-to-Family Conflict: Cognitive Appraisal and Indirect Crossover in Couples
Authors: Green Stephen G. , Bull Schaefer Rebecca A. , MacDermid Shelley M. , Weiss Howard M.
Published: January 2010

In studying observed work-to-family conflict in 139 couples, the authors integrate theory from cognitive appraisal and indirect crossover processes to explain how partner reactions may affect a focal employee’s work attitudes. The focal employee’s work-interfering-with-family behaviors were positively associated with the partner’s reports of observed work-to-family conflict, resulting in more partner blame attributions and negative emotional displays when discussing work. The partner’s negative emotional displays were related to less career resilience and more turnover exploration by the focal employee. Theoretical and practical implications of the dynamic reactive consequences of appraisal and crossover of observed work-to-family conflict are discussed.
Formal Mentoring Programs: A Mentor-Centric and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Weinberg Frankie J. , Lankau Melenie J.
Published: January 2010

Formal mentoring programs are becoming more popular as organizations attempt to reap the benefits that have long been associated with informal mentoring. The present study adds to the small number of mentor-centric studies and offers a unique longitudinal examination of formal mentoring programs. Findings suggest that as formal mentoring relationships develop over time, mentors begin to use their time more efficiently and the negative effects of cross-gender differences dissipate. Furthermore, whereas mentor reports of psychosocial support and role modeling appear to relate to mentor program satisfaction and protégé reports of mentor effectiveness, reports of vocational support appear to have no impact on these variables. Study limitations are discussed, and implications for future research and for practice are suggested.
What’s Age Got to Do With It? A Case Study Analysis of Power and Gender in Husband-Older Marriages
Authors: Pyke Karen , Adams Michele
Published: January 2010

This qualitative study explores assumptions of family scholars who draw on age heterogamy and marriage-gradient approaches to suggest that marriages between older husbands and much younger wives are likely to be male-dominated, with traditional gender arrangements. Drawing on resource theory and marital power perspectives, we analyze the life histories, psychosocial understandings, and day-to-day arrangements of both partners in eight husband-older marriages to uncover their unique features. We present four cases with distinct dynamics to suggest that future research needs to consider that (a) husbands’ older age does not automatically translate into male dominance and rigid gender arrangements; (b) when combined with additional forms of heterogamy, such as racial status, social class, occupational prestige, and education, age heterogamy is likely to be associated with male dominance; (c) men can experience a shift toward more marital sharing and androgyny upon remarriage to a younger woman; and (d) gender arrangements in husband-older marriages can undergo major shifts across the life course.
The Social Validity Assessment of Social Competence Intervention Behavior Goals
Authors: Hurley Jennifer J. , Wehby Joseph H. , Feurer Irene D.
Published: January 2010

Social validation is the value judgment from society on the importance of a study. The social validity of behavior goals used in the social competence intervention literature was assessed using the Q-sort technique. The stimulus items were 80 different social competence behavior goals taken from 78 classroom-based social competence intervention studies published between 1970 and 2000 for preschool children. Participants ( N = 36) were early childhood special educators, early childhood educators, and administrators. Participants generated three distinct viewpoints concerning valued social competence behavior goals: Factor 1, reduction in negative behaviors; Factor 2, pro-social; and Factor 3, communication and good manners. Recommendations for research in the area of social competence interventions are discussed in light of these findings.
Scleromyxedema-like Syndrome With Systemic Involvement in a Cat
Authors: Müntener T. , Rüfenacht S. , Di Palma S. , Hartmeier G. , Welle M.
Published: January 2010

Scleromyxedema—the generalized form of lichen myxedematosus, a primary mucinosis—is a rare disease in human patients. It is characterized by dermal mucin deposits, increased numbers of fibroblasts, and variable fibrosis in the absence of thyroid disease. It is accompanied in 80% of cases by a monoclonal gammopathy. To date, scleromyxedema with systemic involvement has not been documented in domestic animals. This is the first report of a scleromyxedema-like syndrome in a cat, which had a substantial deposition of mucin in the dermis of the head and paws with a mild gammaglobulinemia of 2.25 g/dl (reference range, 1.39–2.22 g/dl). At necropsy, multiple nodules of connective tissue intermingled with mucin deposits were conspicuous on the surface of thoracic and abdominal organs. Such severe systemic accumulations of mucin have not been reported in human or veterinary medicine.
Outcomes Among Drug Court Participants: Does Drug of Choice Matter?
Authors: Koetzle Shaffer Deborah , Hartman Jennifer L. , Johnson Listwan Shelley , Howell Terra , Latessa Edward J.
Published: January 2010

The link between drug and alcohol abuse and criminal behavior is clearly illustrated in the literature. The options of how to respond to these offenders, however, has widely fluctuated over time. Currently, many states have reconsidered their “get tough” approach to one that is more rehabilitative in nature. One particular community-based intervention that has gained in popularity is the drug court model. The literature on drug courts is generally supportive; however, there is a need to examine effectiveness by target population. The purpose of this study is to explore recidivism rates of drug court clients by drug of choice. Using a 2-year follow-up period, this study finds that drug of choice does not significantly influence either successful graduation or arrest. Policy implications are discussed.
New state-theoretic approaches to asylum and refugee geographies
Authors: Gill Nick
Published: January 2010

This paper examines recent innovations in the way the concept of the state is employed by geographers researching forced migrants’ and refugees’ experiences. A still-dominant body of thought tends to essentialize the state and foreground both its institutional forms and coercive powers by asking questions that take the primacy of these attributes for granted. In response, poststructuralist geographers and sociologists have begun to forge alternative views of states, drawing upon a useful cynicism over the coherence of the state, as well as an engagement with Foucauldian notions of governmentality. The paper examines these alternative approaches in order to distil the characteristics of an emerging critical asylum geography.
Taking the pulse of the dead: History and philosophy of geography, 2008-2009
Authors: Barnes Trevor J.
Published: January 2010

The thread linking the history and philosophy of geography literature for 2008—2009 is the return of previously expired approaches, particularly quantification and Marxism. On the one hand, there has been a resurgence of quantitative techniques combined with a critical political sensibility, and, on the other, a renewed interest in Marxism but leavened by various strains of poststructuralism.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Deficient Potential Copers and Noncopers Reveal Different Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Profiles in the Early Stage after Injury
Authors: Eitzen Ingrid , Eitzen Thomas J. , Holm Inger , Snyder-Mackler Lynn , Risberg May Arna
Published: January 2010

Background

Isokinetic muscle strength testing using the peak torque value is the most frequently included quadriceps muscle strength measurement for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)—injured subjects.

Purpose and Hypotheses

The purpose of this study was to investigate quadriceps muscle performance during the whole isokinetic curve in subjects with ACL deficiency classified as potential copers or noncopers and to investigate whether these curve profiles were associated with single-legged hop performance. We hypothesized that quadriceps muscle torque at other knee flexion angles than peak torque would give more information about quadriceps muscle strength deficits. Furthermore, we hypothesized that there would be significant torque differences between potential copers and noncopers and a significant relationship between angle-specific torque values and single-legged hop performance.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods

Seventy-six individuals with a complete unilateral ACL rupture within the last 3 months were included. The subjects were classified as potential copers and noncopers. Isokinetic quadriceps muscle tests were performed at 60 deg/s. Mean torque values were calculated for peak torque as well as for specific knee flexion angles. The 1-legged hop and the 6-m timed hop tests were included, and symmetry indices were used.

Results

The peak torque value did not identify the largest quadriceps muscle strength deficit. Rather, these were established at knee flexion angles of less than 40°. There were significant differences in angle-specific torque values between potential copers and noncopers (P < .05). Moderate to strong associations were disclosed between angle-specific torque values and single-legged hop performance, but only for noncopers (r ≥ .32-.58).

Conclusion

Angle-specific quadriceps muscle torque values of less than 40° of knee flexion provide more information on the quadriceps strength deficits after ACL injury than the commonly used peak torque values. Interpretation of the isokinetic curve profiles seems to be of clinical importance for the evaluation of quadriceps muscle performance after ACL injury.
Metal Thickness, Fiber Volume Fraction Effect on the Tensile Properties, Debonding of Hybrid Laminates
Authors: Mathivanan P. , Balakrishnan M. , Krishnan H.
Published: January 2010

Hybrid aluminum glass fiber laminates consist of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) bonded with thin aluminum sheets on either side. Laminates with different aluminum thickness and fiber volume fractions were fabricated by hand layup method and were tested under tensile loading. The variations in the elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength as well as the extent of delamination were studied. Rule of mixtures predictions of laminate properties under tensile loading compared well with the experimental results. Delamination was found to depend upon the thickness of aluminum alloy sheet, among other factors. Scanning electron microscopic pictures on the fractured hybrid specimen showed that the GFRP failure was due to fiber fracture, fiber pullout, and fiber matrix debonding. On an overall basis, the hybrid laminate showed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties when compared with the GFRP or monolithic aluminum. Though an increase in fiber volume fraction increases the elastic modulus, it does not have any notable effect on the failure mechanism or debonding of the hybrid aluminum glass fiber laminate.
Fabrication and Characterization of Gelatin Fiber-based Linear Low-density Polyethylene Foamed Composite
Authors: Khan Ruhul A. , Khan Mubarak A. , Sarker Bapi , Saha Suvasree , Das Anjan K. , Noor Nazia , Huq Tanzina , Khan Avik , Dey Kamol , Saha M.
Published: January 2010

A composite based on gelatin fiber-reinforced linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix was fabricated using compression molding. Two layers of gelatin fibers were sandwiched with three layers of LLDPE sheets. Gelatin fiber was prepared from 20% gelatin-based aqueous solution by extrusion method. Composites with varying percentages of gelatin fiber (1-10%) were made. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), elongation at break (Eb), tensile modulus (TM), bending modulus (BM,) and hardness were taken. TS, TM, Eb (%), TM, BM, and hardness of the composite (10% fiber) were found to be 1.67 MPa, 1.14 MPa, 96%, 25.8 MPa, 507.6 MPa, and 92 shore A, respectively. The density of the composite with 10% gelatin fiber was found to be 0.66 g/cm3, which was less than the density of gelatin (1.58 g/cm3) and LLDPE (0.905 g/cm3). The water uptake capacity of the composite with 10% gelatin fiber was found to be 16.65% after 60 min.
Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Short Bamboo Fiber-reinforced Recycled Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Nguyen Tri Phuong  , Gilbert Villoutreix
Published: January 2010

This work presents some results on the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of a recycled polypropylene (RPP) and recycled polypropylene/short bamboo fiber (RPPSBF) composites by using the differential scanning calorimetry at four different cooling rates (5, 10, 20, 40°C/min). Ozawa, Avrami, Jeziorny, Kissinger models, and Lui’s approach were applied to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of these materials. It was found that the Ozawa model was not applicable in the case of bamboo fiber/RPP composites. In contrast, both Avrami model and Lui’s approach were successfully used to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process. Determination of the half-time of crystallization (t0.5) values and other kinetic parameters, such as Z(t), Z(c), and F(T), showed that the presence of bamboo fibers in RPP matrix increased the crystallization rates and decreased crystallization times of overall cooling rates studied. The nucleation activity (ϕ) of bamboo fibers, which was calculated by using the Dobreva and Gutzow’s equation, indicated that short bamboo fibers acted as the nucleation agents in the RPP matrix to accelerate the crystallization, and the growth of the spherolites appeared to be 3D. The activation energies (E), which characterize the overall non-isothermal crystallization of RPP and short bamboo fiber-reinforced RPP composites, are also evaluated by using the Kissinger model, and found to be 269.05; 268.02; 265.87 kJ/mol for neat RPP and composites samples containing 20 and 50 wt% short bamboo fibers, respectively.
Dude, Where’s My Conflict?
Authors: Buhaug Halvard
Published: January 2010

Kenneth Boulding’s (1962) notion of a loss-of-strength gradient (LSG) has been successfully applied to explain the military reach of states. The capability of a country (a.k.a. its national strength) is largest at its home base and declines as the nation moves away. Capable states are relatively less impeded by distance and can therefore influence more distant regions. Given armed conflict, battles are expected to occur in areas where the projected powers of the antagonists are comparable. When the aggressor’s projected power is greater than the national strength of the defender, the latter side should give in without violence. This paper is a first attempt to apply Boulding’s theory of international power projection to the study of civil war. Using new data on the point location of conflict onset and a variety of measures of state and rebel strength, this paper tests empirically one corollary of the LSG model: that civil wars in general locate further away from the capital in more powerful regimes.
Legal Systems and Peaceful Attempts to Resolve Territorial Disputes
Authors: Powell Emilia Justyna , Wiegand Krista E.
Published: January 2010

This paper focuses on how domestic legal systems influence states’ choices of peaceful dispute resolution methods. In order to increase familiarity with rules of peaceful resolution of disputes, states use their domestic legal systems to provide them with clues about the most trustworthy ways to settle disputes. States tend to choose methods of dispute resolution that are similar to those embedded in their domestic legal systems. Empirical analyses support the conjecture of a linkage between domestic law and interstate conflict management methods, showing that civil law dyads prefer more legalized dispute resolution methods compared to common law dyads. Islamic law dyads are most likely to use nonbinding third party methods, while common law dyads tend to resolve their territorial disputes through bilateral negotiations.
Factors Associated With Delayed Childbearing: From the Voices of Expectant Latina Adults and Teens in California
Authors: Biggs M. Antonia , Ralph Lauren , Minnis Alexandra M. , Arons Abigail , Marchi Kristen S. , Lehrer Jocelyn A. , Braveman Paula A. , Brindis Claire D.
Published: January 2010

There has been limited research on the protective factors that help Latinas delay childbearing until adulthood. In-depth interviews were conducted with 65 pregnant Latina teenage and adult women in California who were about to have their first child. Lack of or inconsistent birth control use as teens was attributed to wanting or ambivalence toward childbearing, concern about contraceptive side effects and infertility, and/or inadequate contraceptive information. Parental influence was cited as the primary reason for avoiding teen childbearing, as well as the feeling that a baby would have interfered with life plans. Close parental supervision and positive relationships with parents appeared to protect some adults from teen childbearing. The findings from this study point to the need to improve Latinos’ birth control knowledge and strengthen parents’ ability to establish supportive relationships with their children.
Testing an Attachment Model of Latina/o College Students’ Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Garriott Patton O. , Love Keisha M. , Tyler Kenneth M. , Thomas Deneia M. , Roan-Belle Clarissa R. , Brown Carrie L.
Published: January 2010

The present study examined the influence of attachment relationships on the psychological adjustment of Latina/o university students ( N = 80) attending predominantly White institutions of higher education.A path analysis conducted to test a hypothesized model of parent and peer attachment, self-esteem, and psychological distress indicated that the final model provided good model-to-data fit, explaining 21% of the variance in self-esteem and 50% of the variance in psychological distress. Furthermore, bootstrapping procedures suggested that perceptions of self-worth mediated the relationships between parent and peer attachment and psychological distress. Results indicate that attachment theory may provide a useful framework from which to conceptualize the psychological adjustment of Latinas/os attending predominantly White institutions of higher education. Implications for universities and helping professionals are discussed.
Brain Morphology in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome Correlates With Social IQ: First Report From the Canadian-Swiss-Egyptian Neurodevelopmental Study
Authors: Meguid Nagwa , Fahim Cherine , Yoon Uicheul , Nashaat Neveen H. , Ibrahim Ahmed S. , Mancini-Marie Adham , Brandner Catherine , Evans Alan C.
Published: January 2010

Fragile X syndrome shares most of the behavioral phenotypic similarities with autism. How are these similarities reflected in brain morphology? A total of 10 children with autism and 7 with fragile X underwent morphological (T1) 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The authors found no significant difference in total brain volumes, regional volumes, gyrification index, sulcul depth, and cerebral cortical thickness. However, children with autism showed significant decrease in the medial prefrontal bilaterally and the left anterior cingulate cortices. Regression analysis revealed positive correlation between the medial prefrontal cortical thickness and the social IQ. The authors suggest that the difference between the 2 groups in the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices thickness may entail an altered social cognitive style. Functional MRI studies directly differentiating between social indifference (autism) and social avoidance (fragile X) are needed to further characterize the spectrum of social abnormalities between these 2 groups.
Language and Focal Brain Lesion in Childhood
Authors: Avila Lia , Riesgo Rudimar , Pedroso Fleming , Goldani Marcelo , Danesi Marlene , Ranzan Josiane , Sleifer Pricila
Published: January 2010

Childhood ischemic strokes can lead to problems like hemiplegias, epilepsies, cognitive changes (memory and mathematical solutions), and language ability (reading, writing, and aphasias). The purpose of this study was to evaluate language and its aspects in children with unilateral ischemic stroke and associate them with the age during the event, injured side, and occurrence of epilepsy. Thirty-two children between 8 months and 19 years of age were evaluated. Among them, 21 (65%) had a change in their language skills, there being a connection between age and the time of injury (P < .05). The most impaired aspects were their phonology, semantics, and syntax. In this sample, there was a persistent change in the semantic aspect, which is an alert for the early detection of learning and future development problems.
Ischemic Stroke in a 7-Month-Old Infant With Antiphospholipid Antibody and Homozygous C677T Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Polymorphism
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Hwang Hee , Chae Jong Hee , Kim Ki Joong , Hwang Yong Seung , Lim Byung Chan
Published: January 2010

Prothrombotic risk factors in children with ischemic stroke have been increasingly recognized with recent developments in technology. Extensive evaluation including a detailed family history is required to identify various inherited or acquired prothrombotic conditions. We report a 7-month-old male who presented with right hemiparesis. Acute cerebral infarction in the area supplied by the left lenticulostriate artery was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging. De novo synthesis of antiphospholipid antibodies and homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism were identified as presumed prothrombotic risk factors. His twin sister and mother were also positive for antiphospholipid antibodies. Multiple risk factors for ischemic stroke should be considered, particularly in the perinatal and infancy period. This case also underlines the rare familial occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies and its relationship to ischemic stroke in infancy.
The Diagnostic Difficulties of Complex Glycerol Kinase Deficiency
Authors: Ramanjam Veruschka , Delport Stephen , Wilmshurst Jo M.
Published: January 2010

We describe 2 siblings with the contiguous X-linked gene deletion syndrome, complex glycerol kinase deficiency. The elder sibling demonstrated the difficulties diagnosing this rare condition. Affected children have the combined complications of congenital adrenal hypoplasia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and glycerol kinase deficiency. These patients illustrate the importance of genetic testing and prepregnancy counseling. In addition, they demonstrate the need for a multidisciplinary team approach in their management.
A Randomized Trial Evaluating the Effect of 2 Regimens of Maternal Vitamin A Supplementation on Breast Milk Retinol Levels
Authors: Bezerra Danielle Soares , de Araújo Katherine Feitosa , Azevêdo Gabrielle Mahara Martins , Dimenstein Roberto
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 2 different megadoses of retinyl palmitate on the level of retinol in the breast milk of healthy women. In total, 199 women were randomly allocated to 3 groups and supplemented in the postpartum period with a single retinyl palmitate dose of 200 000 IU (S1), a double dose of 200 000 IU 24 hours apart (S2), or no supplementation (C). Retinol content of colostrum and mature milk at 4 weeks was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For colostrum, no significant difference was found between the groups ( P = .965). The retinol content in mature milk differed between group C and groups S1 and S2 ( P < .05). The double dose of vitamin A did not significantly increase the retinol content of milk at 4 weeks postpartum in comparison to a single dose; however, future research is needed to determine the optimal timing of the second dose of vitamin A.
Reinterpretation of past sea-level variation of the Bay of Fundy
Authors: Graf Maria-Theresia , Chmura Gail L.
Published: January 2010

Reports of shifts in rates of aggradation in a salt marsh deposit at Amherst Point, Nova Scotia have been linked with fluctuations in eustatic sea level, crustal subsidence and, possibly, changes in tidal amplitude. However, evidence for the most recent fluctuation is an artifact of early Acadian land reclamation that occurred in the seventeenth century at Amherst Point. Acadian settlers had constructed dikes to prevent regular tidal flooding, but probably allowed occasional flooding of the surface by tidal waters, thus maintaining the salt marsh signature of the deposit. Statistical analysis of the pollen assemblage from the uppermost deposit interpreted as a regressive sequence aligns critical depths with pollen assemblages retrieved from modern soils of diked and drained marshes. Inspection of historical aerial photographs confirms that the dikes persisted on the site until at least 1939. Interpretations of earlier fluctuations recorded in deposits below this regressive sequence remain valid. It is possible that the Bay of Fundy experienced a regressive period just prior to Acadian diking, but future research on unexamined salt marsh deposits here or elsewhere must include an exhaustive search of historical documents to avoid misinterpretation of anthropogenic modifications.
A tenfold increase in the Orange River mean Holocene mud flux: implications for soil erosion in South Africa
Authors: Compton John S. , Herbert Caren T. , Hoffman M. Timm , Schneider Ralph R. , Stuut Jan-Berend
Published: January 2010

Soil erosion poses a major threat to sustainable agriculture in southern Africa but is difficult to quantify. One measure of soil erosion is the sediment flux of rivers. The Orange River is the principal source of sediment to the western margin of South Africa with an estimated mean mud flux over the last 11 500 years (the Holocene epoch) of 5.1 (3.2—7.4) million metric tons/year (Mt/yr). A total of 43 gigatons (Gt; 1015 g) representing 72% of the Holocene mud flux has accumulated on the shelf in the Orange River prodelta and mudbelt, a clayey fine-silt deposit focused on the inner to middle shelf. Only 8% (5 Gt) of the mud flux occurs in Holocene calcareous ooze on the slope. Comparison of the clay to mud ratio of offshore deposits with Orange River suspended sediment and catchment soils indicates that 20% (11 Gt) of the Holocene mud flux has been lost as clay beyond the margin. The Orange River mud flux prior to the building of large dams (1930—1969) is ten times greater than the mean Holocene mud flux and is reconciled with estimates of soil erosion within the catchment. A tenfold increase in the Orange River mud flux implies up to a hundredfold increase in total soil erosion depending on the extent of mud storage over periods of decades to centuries within the catchment. Erosion has shifted from areas of high relief and rainfall of the Drakensberg escarpment during the Holocene to intensely cultivated lands of low relief having moderate to high rainfall in the eastern catchment and to a lesser extent, grazing areas of the southern Orange River catchment.
Late-Holocene moisture balance inferred from diatom and lake sediment records in western Mongolia
Authors: Shinneman Avery L.C. , Umbanhowar Charles E. , Edlund Mark B. , Soninkhishig N.
Published: January 2010

The Valley of the Great Lakes in western Mongolia is a unique ecosystem comprising a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Relatively little is known about the long-term climate history of the area or the relative impact of changes in climate and land use in the region. Tree-ring records have established an understanding of regional temperature fluctuations; however, the few records of moisture balance from Mongolia offer little insight into potential changes in the precipitation-to-evaporation balance in the region with warming temperatures. Modern and paleoclimatic records from across arid Central Asia show substantial temporal and spatial variability in the correlation between temperature and moisture availability and climate models are inconsistent in predictions for future changes with continued warming. In order to refine the understanding of moisture balance in the region, we developed six diatom-inferred records of lake salinity between 200 and 2000 years in length, demonstrating a negative correlation between temperature and effective moisture (warm-dry and cool-wet conditions) over most of this time period. In addition to climate warming, Mongolian grasslands have seen substantial human impacts over the last several decades. Recent core records show evidence of eutrophication and must be interpreted carefully to understand the individual and combined impacts of climate and land use on sedimentary records and the potential for human—environment interactions to confound inferences about climate changes.
Assessing Long-Term Outcomes of an Intervention Designed for Pregnant Incarcerated Women
Authors: Pimlott Kubiak Sheryl , Kasiborski Natalie , Schmittel Emily
Published: January 2010

Objectives: Approximately 25% of women are pregnant or postpartum when they enter prison. This study assesses a system-level intervention that prevented the separation of mothers and infants at birth, allowing them to reside together in an alternative community setting. Method: Longitudinal analysis of several state-level administrative databases compares the intervention (n = 48) group to the ‘‘treatment as usual’’ group (n = 36), over a 10-year period. Results: Preliminary analyses reveal few between-group differences and illuminate the presence of informal caregivers that were outside the scope of our data. Conclusions: Although 70% of the children remain legally attached to their mothers, further study is required to account for data limitations and to determine whether time to negative events differed between groups.
Elastic-damage Modeling for Particulate Composites Considering Cumulative Damage
Authors: Kim B.R. , Lee H.K.
Published: January 2010

A micromechanics-based elastic-damage model considering cumulative damage is proposed to predict the effective stress—strain response and damage evolution in particulate composites. A cumulative damage model combining the Weibull probability distribution function (Weibull, 1951) and the step-stress concept (ReliaSoft, 2003) is incorporated into micromechanical formulations (Ju and Chen, 1994a,b) for more realistic prediction of evolutionary interfacial debonding. A multistep damage process is introduced to model accumulated damage induced by the interfacial debonding. A parametric study of Weibull damage parameters is carried out to examine the sensitivity of the parameters to the proposed model. Finally, present predictions are compared with other numerical predictions and experimental data to assess the predictive capability of the proposed model.
A Proportional—Integral Control Policy of Two Coupled Concurrent Design Optimization Processes
Authors: Zheng Wang  , Qi Chen  , Jia Hu  , Haiyan Huang
Published: January 2010

In the design of products, we are often faced with optimization problems, in which design parameters are chosen carefully to optimize the performances. Moreover, there are usually multiple design optimization problems that need to be solved simultaneously because designs are often carried out concurrently in multiple disciplines. These design optimization problem are often coupled with each other. Namely, the decision variables of one design optimization problem might be the parameters of another. This kind of coupling makes the optimization process of concurrent and multidisciplinary design more complex than a single optimization design problem. In this article, we investigate the control of two coupled design optimization processes, for which a proportional—integral (PI) control policy is proposed and the influences of the design variable of one optimization problem on the objective function of the other are taken into consideration. Some numerical experiments in the case of robot designing are done to verify the effectiveness of this control policy. Finally, some issues about the control of multiple coupled optimization processes are put forward for future research.
The Value(s) of Space: The Discourses and Strategies of Residential Exclusion in Cape Town and Long Island
Authors: Lemanski Charlotte , Saff Grant
Published: January 2010

This article analyzes the discourses and strategies of residential exclusion in Cape Town and New York. Although representing vastly different regions, both case studies are historically middle-class residential areas that have recently undergone significant immigrant influx. The responses of long-term residents and local governments are explored, in particular, the role of “values” (sociocultural, physical, and economic) ascribed to space by residents in shaping and legitimizing exclusive discourses and practices. The authors conclude that while long-term homeowners express some very “real” and “valid” reasons for exclusionary attitudes, the consequent exclusion of already underprivileged demographic groups is problematic.
Method Effects, Measurement Error, and Substantive Conclusions
Authors: Lance Charles E. , Dawson Bryan , Birkelbach David , Hoffman Brian J.
Published: January 2010

Common method variance is routinely viewed as a pervasive problem in organizational research, one that undermines good science and biases empirical conclusions. The authors review research that has used multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) designs to estimate the magnitude of common method variance in organizational research. The results of this study show that method variance accounts for less variance (18%) than has been suggested by previous reviews. The authors also consider simultaneously the attenuating effect of measurement error with the inflationary effect of common method variance on observed relationships. Results indicate that although common method variance does have an inflationary effect on observed relationships, this effect is almost completely offset by the attenuating effect of measurement error.
R is for Revolution
Authors: Culpepper Steven Andrew , Aguinis Herman
Published: January 2010

The authors review the open source statistical package R. R allows researchers to implement statistical techniques including linear modeling, linear and nonlinear multilevel modeling, factor and principal component analysis, structural equation modeling, item and reliability analysis, time series modeling, and meta-analysis, among others. R presents several advantages over other statistical packages because it is updated on an ongoing basis, is free, is capable of creating high-quality graphics that are difficult to create with other packages, and includes important simulation capabilities. Some limitations of R include the need to learn a new programming language, difficulties handling missing data for new users, and relatively limited support and documentation. R is not yet popular in the organizational sciences but, given its ongoing improvement and many positive features, we predict that it will soon be.
Towards a valid and reliable measure of visitor satisfaction
Authors: McMullan Rosalind , O'Neill Martin
Published: January 2010

This article presents an empirical study into the development of a multi-item visitor satisfaction scale. The article reviews existing measures from consumer behaviour and tourism research and highlights an absence in the inclusion of emotional and dissonance related items. A research question is specified and a methodology discussed identifying the stages in the development of this scale. Results support a need for a better understanding of emotion and dissonance within visitor satisfaction measures and consequently in the development of tourism destination marketing strategies.
The use of film in re-imaging a tourism destination: a case study of Yorkshire, UK
Authors: O'Connor Noëlle , Flanagan Sheila , Gilbert David
Published: January 2010

The primary focus of this article is to provide a theoretical insight into the relationship between film induced tourism and destination imagery, which in turn can be used to market a tourism destination. In order to achieve this, strategic conversations were carried out with the key stakeholders behind the development of the Yorkshire (UK) brand. Yorkshire will be used as the lens through which the film induced tourism phenomenon will be observed as it is the film location for many popular English television series. In addition, this article draws upon the literature background and the theoretical context of the film induced tourism phenomenon in relation to destination imagery. The issues which emerged from these and the literature review highlighted many implications for the future development of these locations such as the use of destination imagery in the promotion of a film location.
‘Writing’ and ‘region’ in the 21st century: Epistemological reflections on regionally-located art and literature in the wake of the digital revolution
Authors: Pearce Lynne
Published: January 2010

This article, which draws upon the work of the AHRC-funded research project Moving Manchester (2006—9), looks at the ways in which Manchester’s vibrantly multicultural writing community positions itself in relation to issues of region and regional identity. In particular, it investigates how contemporary writers have both reproduced and challenged the stereotypes associated with the city, issues of filiation/affiliation and the way in which many local writers’ groups may be said to have produced literature which is of the region without necessarily being about it. The innovative ‘grassroots’ nature of much Manchester writing (notably its ‘live literature’ scene) is also considered. The final section of the article compares this community-based experience of ‘writing’ and ‘region’ with that found on digital storytelling websites and posits that the digital form would seem to encourage transnational rather than regional identifications in the texts produced.
Regional identity as celebration and routine: ‘Mitteldeutschland’s’ glorification and its taken-for-granted meaning in media content
Authors: Felgenhauer Tilo
Published: January 2010

Contemporary approaches to regional identity generally consider regions to be social or cultural constructions rather than natural entities. Therefore ‘Mitteldeutschland’ (Middle-Germany or Central Germany) can be understood as a product of symbolic regionalization in terms of its media status. The regional broadcasting station Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) presents its history as the history of a German heartland with great cultural and national benefits. For example, Luther and Bach are placed in a natural and historic landscape that is regarded as the origin of major historic developments. This article emphasizes aspects of linguistic reference and coherence and inference embedded in a web of (successful) reasoning, which shows how the term ‘Mitteldeutschland’ fades from being the main subject of discourse to its unreflected background. The relations between explicit naming and defining, on the one hand, and implicit and tacit knowledge, on the other, is presented by the use of argumentation analysis.
‘Perhaps this is not fiction’: The discursive construction of national and regional identities in Belgium’s public television broadcast hoax on Flemish independence
Authors: Van Drom Andy
Published: January 2010

This article sets out to reveal and evaluate the strength and scope of those units of media discourse that are connoted by identity. More specifically, it seeks to demonstrate which discursive strategies the media adopt in the case of a hoax news broadcast that announced ‘the end of Belgium as we know it’ in order to construct and stage the opposition between Walloon region-building (‘Us’) and Flemish nation building (‘Them’). For this purpose, it will focus on lexico-grammatical choices, co-textual deployment of rhetorical devices and socio-referential correlations. Relating these observations to social theory on national identity (specifically, Anderson’s historical materialist approach and Smith’s work on ethnosymbolism), as well as relevant sociopolitical perspectives, will allow for a demonstration of the ways in which discursive strategies exploit the symbiosis between language as a functional means of communication and as the carrier of a shared set of values to construct national and regional identities.