bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trennbankensystem – ein Weg zu mehr Finanzstabilität in Deutschland?
Authors: Dombret Andreas , Liebig Thilo , Stein Ingrid
Published: July 2014

This article examines how the introduction of a specialised banking system is likely to impact banks and the real economy in Germany, in particular from a financial stability perspective. This study is motivated by a recently passed law in Germany on a specialised banking system (Trennbankengesetz), current reforms in the US and UK and proposals for the EU. We focus on the consequences of a separation of the savings & loan business and proprietary trading.

We conclude that proprietary trading plays a significant role only for large, systemically important banks in Germany. The latter act as universal banks and grant a considerable fraction of all loans that go to domestic enterprises and consumers. Costs for customers, however, are likely to be moderate. In contrast, a specialised banking system may provide the important advantage that insolvent trading units can be separated more easily from the savings & loan business arm and eventually liquidated. In this way, implicit state guarantees may be reduced.
Fairer Systemwettbewerb zwischen gesetzlicher und privater Krankenversicherung
Authors: Kifmann Mathias , Nell Martin
Published: July 2014

Wir entwickeln einen Reformvorschlag, der den problematischen Selektions­wettbewerb zwischen GKV und PKV beendet und zu einem fairen Systemwettbewerb führt. Jeder Bürger leistet einen einkommensabhängigen Beitrag zum Gesundheitsfonds und hat bei einem Wechsel in die PKV Anspruch auf risikogerechte Zahlungen aus dem Gesundheitsfonds. Die Versicherungspflichtgrenze wird gesenkt und langfristig abgeschafft. Private Versicherungen können nicht mehr allein deshalb mit Versicherten rechnen, weil diese durch einen Wechsel Solidarbeiträge vermeiden können. Die Nachhaltigkeit unseres Reformvorschlags wird durch eine Kapitalbildung gesichert. JEL-Klassifikation: I13, I18
Reproducing Stories: Strategic Narratives of Teen Pregnancy and Motherhood
Authors: Barcelos Chris A , Gubrium Aline C
Published: July 2014

Pregnant and parenting young women are simultaneously silenced and overrepresented by raced and classed social narratives on adolescent childbearing in the United States. These narratives posit teen childbearing as an unequivocal social, health, and economic problem, although some scholars and policy makers construct alternative narratives that focus on inequalities and propose different perspectives on causes and consequences. Narrative inquiry that analyzes how stories are produced and utilized can enable a more nuanced approach to complex social problems. We conducted 19 individual, in-depth, and semistructured interviews with young mothers ages 16 to 21 who attend a community-based alternative education program in a low-income northeastern city. Interviews were analyzed using thematic narrative techniques. The young mothers we interviewed used a process of strategic negotiation to distance themselves from prevailing social and cultural stories about the problem of teen motherhood. Participants demonstrated this strategic process through their attempts to assuage stigma and construct unproblematic identities. Young mothers reproduced and reinterpreted a variety of circulating narratives on teen childbearing. They reproduced dominant narratives through pathology, missed adolescence, and redemption stories, and reinterpreted dominant narratives through stories of stratified reproduction, sexual health education, and stigmatization and surveillance. Our participants' narratives illustrate the need to think broadly about the meanings of early pregnancy and motherhood in terms of how they play out in research and policymaking. We call for a discursive shift in ways of knowing about and doing research and policy surrounding teen childbearing.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathophysiology and treatment of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Monsalves Eric , Juraschka Kyle , Tateno Toru , Agnihotri Sameer , Asa Sylvia L , Ezzat Shereen , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: July 2014

Pituitary adenomas are common intracranial neoplasms. Patients with these tumors exhibit a wide range of clinically challenging problems, stemming either from results of sellar mass effect in pituitary macroadenoma or the diverse effects of aberrant hormone production by adenoma cells. While some patients are cured/controlled by surgical resection and/or medical therapy, a proportion of patients exhibit tumors that are refractory to current modalities. New therapeutic approaches are needed for these patients. Activation of the AKT/phophotidylinositide-3-kinase pathway, including mTOR activation, is common in human neoplasia, and a number of therapeutic approaches are being employed to neutralize activation of this pathway in human cancer. This review examines the role of this pathway in pituitary tumors with respect to tumor biology and its potential role as a therapeutic target.
oxLDL induces injury and defenestration of human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells via LOX1
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Jing , Liu Jia , Huang Wenhui , Tian Limin , Quan Jinxing , Wang Yunfang , Niu Ruilan
Published: July 2014

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with hepatic microangiopathy and liver inflammation caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxidised LDL (oxLDL) is involved in proinflammatory and cytotoxic events in various microcirculatory systems. The lectin-like oxLDL receptor 1 (LOX1) plays a crucial role in oxLDL-induced pathological transformation. However, the underlying mechanism of oxLDL's effects on liver microcirculation disturbances remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of oxLDL on LOX1 (OLR1) expression and function, as well as on the fenestration features of human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (HLSECs)in vitro. Primary HLSECs were obtained and cultured. The cells were treated with various concentrations of oxLDL (25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml), and the cytotoxicity and expression of LOX1 were examined. Furthermore,LOX1knockdown was performed using siRNA technology, and the changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NFκB, p65, (p65), endothelin 1 (ET1 (EDN1)), eNOS (NOS3) and caveolin 1 (CAV1) levels were measured. Cells were treated with 100 μg/ml oxLDL, and the fenestra morphology was visualised using scanning electron microscopy. oxLDL significantly increased LOX1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in HLSECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. oxLDL stimulation increased ROS generation and NFκB activation, upregulated ET1 and caveolin 1 expression, downregulated eNOS expression and reduced the fenestra diameter and porosity. All of these oxLDL-mediated effects were inhibited afterLOX1knockdown. These results reveal a mechanism by which oxLDL stimulates the production of LOX1 through the ROS/NFκB signalling pathway and by which LOX1 mediates oxLDL-induced endothelial injury and the defenestration of HLSECs.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the C57L/J Mouse Inbred Strain
Authors: Ananda Guruprasad , Takemon Yuka , Hinerfeld Douglas , Korstanje Ron
Published: July 2014

We sequenced the complete genome of the widely used C57L/J mouse inbred strain. With 40× average coverage, we compared the C57L/J sequence with that of the C57BL/6J and identified many known as well as novel private variants. This genome sequence adds another strain to the growing number of mouse inbred strains with complete genome sequences and is a valuable resource to the scientific community.
Self-energy Models for Scattering in Semiconductor Nanoscale Devices: Causality Considerations and the Spectral Sum Rule
Authors: Barker John R. , Martinez Antonio
Published: July 2014

The modelling of of silicon gate-all-around nanowire transistors by non-equilibrium Green function methods requires the computation of self-energies for inelastic electron-phonon interactions. It is shown that many approximations designed to reduce numerical complexityto these self-energies in fact fail because they do not satisfy appropriate causality conditions. Four familiar approximations are discussed and their failures resolved. It is also shown that a condition for the spectral density sum rule to hold (and hence accurate density of states in energy) depends on a simple causality condition.
The Structure and the Mechanical Properties of a Newly Fabricated Cellulose-Nanofiber/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite
Authors: Oishi Yukako , Hotta Atsushi
Published: July 2014

Cellulose nanofibers (Cel-F) were extracted by a simple and harmless Star Burst (SB) method, which produced aqueous cellulose-nanofiber solution just by running original cellulose beads under a high pressure of water in the synthetic SB chamber. By optimizing the SB process conditions, the cellulose nanofibers with high aspect ratios and the small diameter of ∼23 nm were obtained, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the structural analysis of the Cel-F/PVA composite by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the Cel-F were homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix. Considering the high molecular compatibility of the cellulose and PVA due to the hydrogen bonding, a good adhesive interface could be expected for the Cel-F and the PVA matrix. The influences of the morphological change in Cel-F on the mechanical properties of the composites were analysed. The Young’s modulus rapidly increased from 2.2 GPa to 2.9 GPa up to 40 SB treatments (represented by the unit Pass), whereas the Young’s modulus remained virtually constant above 40 Pass. Due to the uniform dispersibility of the Cel-F, the Young’s modulus of the 100 Pass composite at the concentration of 5 wt% increased up to 3.2 GPa. The experimental results corresponded well with the general theory of the composites with dispersed short-fiber fillers, which clearly indicated that the potential of the cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement materials for hydrophilic polymers was sufficiently confirmed.
Direct gap Group IV semiconductors for next generation Si-based IR photonics
Authors: Kouvetakis John , Gallagher James , Menéndez José
Published: July 2014

This paper presents synthesis and optical properties of mono-crystalline Ge1-ySny and Ge1-x-ySixSny semiconductor alloys grown on Si/Ge platforms via purposely designed CVD routes using highly reactive Si/Ge/Sn hydrides including Ge3H8, Ge4H10, Si4H10 and SnD4. The Ge1-ySny materials are shown to exhibit strong and tunable photoluminescence induced by the substitution of sizable Sn concentrations in the Ge diamond lattice ultimately leading to an indirect-to-direct band gap crossover at y= 0.08-0.09. The optical data indicate that the IR coverage of the alloy extends well beyond that of elemental Ge into the broader long wavelength range suggesting a variety of applications in Si-based photonics. Ge1-x-ySixSny alloys represent the first viable ternary semiconductor among group IV elements with independently tunable lattice parameter and electronic structure. Studies of the compositional dependence of direct and indirect edges in these alloys using photoluminescence and photocurrent measurements are reviewed. The optical results show band gap variation over a wide range above and below that of Ge from 1.1 to 0.5 eV and provide the first demonstration of direct gap behavior in this semiconductor system.
Pulsed–light Crystallization of Thin Film Silicon, Germanium, and Silicon Germanium Alloy
Authors: Yan Baojie , Toner William , Dubey Mukul , Fan Qihua , Jiang Chun-Sheng , Stevenson David
Published: July 2014

We report the recent progress of crystallization of amorphous silicon (a-Si), amorphous germanium (a-Ge) and amorphous silicon germanium alloy (a-SiGe) using a pulsed-Xenon-lamp system with multiple lamps. The precursor materials were deposited using a sputtering machine on display glass substrates maintained on a rotary holder. The RF powers on the silicon and germanium targets were varied to control the Ge/Si ratio in the materials. The film thickness was in the range of 50-100 nm, targeting the application in thin film transistors (TFT). The samples were pre-heated to 350-450°C in a conveyer chamber with nitrogen flow before the crystallization. The materials were characterized using AFM, Raman and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. We demonstrated that we can uniformly crystallize a-Si, a-SiGe, and a-Ge with a single-pulse or multiple-pulse process on 10×5 cm2 glass substrates. We found that the required crystallization power for a-Ge is much lower than for a-Si. The power needed to crystallize a-SiGe is between the power required for a-Ge and a-Si crystallizations, and it increased with increasing Si fraction. No Raman signal was measurable in the as-deposited films. Strong Raman peaks at 520 cm-1 and 290 cm-1 were observed in the pulsed-lamp crystallized poly-Si and poly-Ge films, respectively. Distinct Ge-Ge, Si-Ge, and Si-Si vibration modes were observed at ~285 cm-1, ~390 cm-1, and ~470 cm-1, respectively, in the poly-SiGe films formed after the pulsed-light treatments. Their intensity ratios and the peak positions depended on the Ge/Si ratio and the light intensity used for the crystallization. AFM images showed the formation of large grains with increased surface roughness.
High quality kerfless silicon mono-crystalline wafers and cells by high throughput epitaxial growth
Authors: Hao R. , Ravi T.S. , Siva V. , Vatus J. , Miller D. , Custodio J. , Moyers K.
Published: July 2014

Crystalline silicon based photovoltaics continues to be the dominant technology for large scale deployment of solar energy. While impressive cost gains in silicon based PV have come with scale, there remains a strong push for increased efficiencies and further lowering of manufacturing costs to achieve true grid parity. So far, however, there has not been a production proven approach that reduces the cost while maintaining or increasing the efficiency. Attempts to reduce the amount of silicon used, for example, have led to development of various kerfless wafer manufacturing approaches. While some of these approaches have shown the potential for reduced costs, they also compromise the efficiency mainly due to the inferior quality of the material.

Epitaxy based kerfless silicon wafers, on the other hand, has shown the potential to reverse this trend offering lower manufacturing costs while maintaining or even enhancing the efficiency due to the high quality of the n-type and p-type silicon epitaxial (Epi) wafers. In this work, we present key aspects of Crystal Solar’s patented high throughput production silicon epitaxial reactor and its use in the manufacture of standard thickness N and P wafers. Besides the advantage of having significantly reduced cost, these Epi wafers have high quality, better mechanical strength and resistance to light inducted degradation due to significantly reduced oxygen content.
Optimization of the protocrystalline p-layer in a-Si:H-based n-i-p photodiodes
Authors: Vygranenko Y. , Fernandes M. , Vieira M. , Sazonov A.
Published: July 2014

This work reports a carbon-free, blue-enhanced a-Si:H n-i-p photodiode with an optimized protocrystalline p-layer. Although the used deposition conditions for the p-layer correspond to the microcrystalline regime, thin layers are mostly protocrystalline due to the amorphous underlying undoped layer. This conclusion is supported by Raman spectroscopy measurements. We have also found that the optical band gap of the p-layer can be varied by adjusting the rf power. By widening the band gap and tuning the impurity concentration in the p-layer, absorption and recombination losses at the p-i interface were reduced. The current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and spectral-response characteristics of fabricated photodiodes are correlated with the doping level, optical band gap, and deposition conditions for p-layers. The optimized device exhibits a leakage current of about ∼80 pA/cm2 at 5 V reverse bias. The external quantum efficiency reaches a peak value of 92% at a wavelength of 510 nm, and, at shorter wavelengths, decreases down to 66%@400nm.
Control of Y2O3 nano-islands density to introduce artificial pinning centers in YBCO thin films
Authors: Mele P. , Matsumoto K. , Horide T. , Miura O. , Ichinose A. , Mukaida M. , Yoshida Y. , Horii S.
Published: July 2014

We successfully introduced high-density linear defects as artificial pinning centers (APCs) of the quantized vortices into YBCO films, during the film deposition procedure. APCs were introduced perpendicular to the film surface by using the distributed nano-sized Y2O3 islands prepared on SrTiO3(100) substrates. It is possible to induce strong changes on the shape and density of the Y2O3 islands by varying the deposition and annealing conditions. The highest Y2O3 islands density, 226/μm2, was obtained with fifteen laser pulses at 800°C of substrate temperature, and applying an annealing temperature of 800°C. Even if only a small fraction of the induced defects act as effective pinning centers, Jc of YBCO film grown on the Y2O3 nanoislands/SrTiO3 substrate increased to 1.8 107 A/cm2 (20 K, B//c, 0 T), which is 1.5 times higher than that of the pure YBCO film.
Porous Metals
Authors: Shapovalov Vladimir
Published: July 2014

Porous metals are engineered materials; they are designed for special properties. Technological progress necessitates expanding the choices of such materials, making the development of new porous metals a relevant challenge for materials scientists.

Although a wealth of information has already been accumulated on these materials, new results are published every year, extending the engineer's capability to manufacture porous metals and revealing their unknown and often unusual properties. This survey describes the state of the art and some recent accomplishments in the field. This article discusses manufacturing practices, structure, properties, and applications of porous metals. Promising new research issues are also highlighted. Materials whose pores were not formed in situ, like honeycomb structures made by high-energy beams etc., are not covered.
Ductility of Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Koch C.C. , Morris D.G. , Lu K. , Inoue A.
Published: July 2014

Ductility is defined as the ability of a material to change shape without fracture. It is of critical importance for engineering materials for both manufacturability and Performance. Measures of ductility include percent elongation (uniform plastic flow prior to mechanical instability—necking—or fracture) and percent reduction in area. Fracture toughness is also some measure of potential ductility. Engineering materials exhibit wide variations in ductility which can often limit their application.

Ductility is a property of nanocrystalline materials which might be predicted to be enhanced by extrapolation of its grain-size dependence in conventional polycrystalline materials. It has been predicted that extrapolation of the grain size, or the scale of the microstructure, to the nanoscale will lead to both strengthening and an increase in ductility. As far as failure and ductility are concerned, this idea is based on experience with conventional materials, where the yield and fracture stress show different dependencies on the grain size. The fracture stress typically increases faster than the yield stress with decreasing grain size such that ductile/brittle transitions can occur. For example, the ductile / brittle transition temperature in mild steel can be lowered about 40°C by reducing the grain size by a factor of five. In terms of how ductility may be affected by the extreme grainsize reduction to the nanoscale, we consider the following. Firstly, it may be recalled that obtaining ductility relies simply on plastic deformation occurring without the catastrophic onset of failure mechanisms, and therefore we can examine possibilities of changing ductility in terms of avoiding failure.
A Focus on Glasses
Authors: Galeener F.L.
Published: July 2014

The following series of articles focuses attention on five important groups of glassy materials: silica, oxynitride, phosphate, chalcogenide, and halide glasses. Each author has made a concerted effort to indicate the nature of the scientific questions and technological applications which make his individual area of materials research both exciting and timely. Nevertheless, these five articles can cover only a few of the identifiable areas of glass science and technology which are active and find new importance today. A broader picture can be obtained by perusal of the general texts listed in References 1-13.

Glasses are usually defined as a sub-class of amorphous materials which exhibit a glass transition and are formable by quenching from the melt. They include numerous oxides, chalcogenides, halides, polymers, organic glasses, and amorphous metals. We have chosen to discuss only the first three of these groupings, which largely comprise the traditional inorganic glasses. The oxide glasses are only partly covered by our first three articles; completeness would require descriptions of activities involving alkalisilicate glasses, alumino-silicates, boro-silicates, boro-phosphates, and more.

Amorphous materials which are not viewed as glasses include tetrahedral amorphous semiconductors like a-Ge and a-Si, either pure or containing alloy levels of H, F, Cl, B, P, or other elements.
Petismo e chavismo: variedades de capitalismo e de regulação trabalhista no Brasil e na Venezuela
Authors: Moraes Wallace dos Santos de
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as variedades de capitalismo na América Latina e verificar se a chegada de governos de base popular alterou o curso das políticas trabalhistas implementadas após os anos 1990. Mais precisamente trata-se da discussão sobre a regulação laboral sob os governos petistas (2003-2013) e chavista (1999-2013) respectivamente no Brasil e na Venezuela. A pesquisa tem como propósito analisar como esses governos trataram a herança institucional deixada pelos antecessores neoliberais. Utilizamos a teoria de variedades de capitalismo e o conceito de path dependence para o entendimento da questão. Percebemos que a força dos movimentos sociais nas ruas foi determinante para as diferentes posturas assumidas tanto pelo petismo, como pelo chavismo.
Coordenação federativa e a "armadilhada decisão conjunta": as comissões de articulação intergovernamental das políticas sociais no Brasil
Authors: Palotti Pedro Lucas de Moura , Machado José Angelo
Published: July 2014

Órgãos colegiados, formados por representantes dos governos municipais, estaduais e federal, foram organizados para discussão de ações governamentais em algumas políticas públicas brasileiras no pós-88. Todavia, parte da literatura em ciência política alerta para riscos de paralisia decisória ou resultados subótimos que possam resultar de arranjos de decisão conjunta abrangendo distintos níveis de governo. Este artigo pretende investigar se as comissões intergestores de políticas sociais (saúde, assistência social e educação) enquadram-se nesta situação, uma vez operando com regras de decisão consensuais e representação paritária das unidades subnacionais. À luz das evidências empíricas construídas sobre banco de dados abrangendo a operação das três comissões, verificou-se que as mesmas promoveram um elevado número de decisões relevantes, com exceção da educação, cujo desenho institucional da comissão é bastante restritivo, a exemplo da trajetória histórica distinta do modelo de relações intergovernamentais nessa política pública em comparação à saúde e à assistência social.
Cultura de Inovação: Conceitos e Modelos Teóricos
Authors: Bruno-Faria Maria de Fátima , Fonseca Marcus Vinicius de Araujo
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo apresenta uma abrangente revisão de literatura sobre o tema cultura de inovação, com o objetivo de caracterizar o seu significado e, principalmente, descrever diferentes modelos teóricos que buscam compreender como ele ocorre no contexto organizacional. Para enriquecer a análise, foram incluídos resultados de pesquisas que evidenciam a relação da cultura organizacional e a inovação. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em 2011, em bases disponíveis no portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), na Proquest e no Directory Open Articles Journal (DOAJ), sem delimitar tempo de início. Os descritores usados foram a expressão cultura de inovação e os termos conjuntos cultura e inovação e com a inclusão somente de artigos completos. Também, foram revisados artigos relativos ao tema citados nas obras identificadas na pesquisa bibliográfica. A análise dos 40 artigos de acordo com os critérios previamente definidos permitiu revelar que se trata de um tema de interesse de pesquisadores em diferentes regiões do mundo, caracterizado por sua complexidade e pelo caráter sistêmico dos fatores que o determinam. Observou-se o predomínio de pesquisas quantitativas e forte evidência da relação de cultura organizacional e inovação, sendo necessária a realização de pesquisas nas quais os modelos teóricos propostos pelos diferentes autores sejam testados.
Dinâmicas do Desempenho Financeiro, da Mudança Estratégica e da Concentração Industrial em Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Starling Renato Nogueira , Porto Rafael Barreiros
Published: July 2014

O impacto da mudança estratégica da empresa em relação ao seu desempenho financeiro é um tema inconclusivo na área de gestão. Isso se deve, entre outros fatores, à não adoção de uma perspectiva dinâmica. Nesta pesquisa, investigaram-se os efeitos das mudanças estratégicas pretéritas dos conselhos de administração, dos clientes e dos produtos (considerando, para tanto, a concentração industrial representada pela quantidade de empresas no setor) sobre a lucratividade, o crescimento das vendas e o valor de mercado em empresas de capital aberto. Foram igualmente avaliados os impactos dos desempenhos passados e da concentração do setor sobre as mudanças estratégicas subsequentes. Usando dados de 68 companhias em 10 anos, construiu-se análise em painel within-enterprise, realizada através de equações de estimação generalizadas, técnica que considera a autocorrelação temporal da variável dependente. Os resultados indicaram que as mudanças estratégicas geram efeitos de curto e longo prazo nos desempenhos financeiros, e estes têm efeitos posteriores na mudança empresarial, independentes da concentração industrial. Esta, por sua vez, ora incentiva o alto desempenho e a mudança estratégica, ora os desestimula. A pesquisa contribui para explicações causais evolucionistas das relações entre o desempenho financeiro e as mudanças estratégicas.
Ações Coletivas e Tecnologia da Informação: Efeitos Indutores à Configuração dos Coletivos Inteligentes
Authors: Sales Jefferson David Araujo , Dornelas Jairo Simião
Published: July 2014

Comunidades de prática (CoP) são contextos propícios para o surgimento de coletivos inteligentes, que são espaços voltados para a interação. O caso evidenciado neste estudo exemplifica como o Conselho Nacional das Entidades de Provedores de Serviços de Internet (CONAPSI) apresenta aspectos similares aos das CoP e, logo, desenhou-se como objetivo norteador da investigação analisar como as ações coletivas suportadas pela tecnologia da informação caracterizam-se como elementos indutores à ascensão das CoP a coletivos inteligentes. Para dar suporte ao estudo de caso, a fundamentação teórica trouxe definições e características das comunidades de prática, dos coletivos inteligentes e das tecnologias da informação que apoiam grupos. Na investigação, foram empreendidas análises documentais em listas de discussão eletrônicas, tratadas com estatística descritiva, e em entrevistas com representantes do Conselho, interpretadas com análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que o uso de listas de discussão eletrônicas impulsiona o surgimento de espaços virtuais de convivência e, consequentemente, coletivos inteligentes virtuais.
Hospitalizations leading causes for maternal disorders
Authors: Veras Thaise Castanho da Silva , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: July 2014

Presenting the rates of obstetric admissions of women living in Paraná in 2010.Method: A descriptive study in which the admission information of the hospital system of the Unified Health System was analyzed. Data from women aged between 10 to 49 years available on the DATASUS website were analyzed, using percentage and according to primary diagnosis, age and Regional Health area.Results: The Rate of Obstetric Complications (RtOC) was 38%, increasing with the age of women. Complications of labor and delivery (10.5%), and pregnancy with abortive outcome (9.1%) were the diagnoses with highest RtOC. The RtOC ranged between 8.4% in Telêmaco Borba, until 62.6% in Ponta Grossa.Conclusion: The healthcare team should monitor the rates of admissions for obstetric complications as these indicate the quality of health care of women, mainly focused on labor, delivery and women of older age.
Meaning of becoming mother and son/daughter through massage
Authors: Márquez Doren Francisca , Lucchini Raies Camila , Rivera Martínez Soledad
Published: July 2014

Objective: Revealing the experience of mothers when massaging their children to know the phenomenon in the context of a mother-child healthy development. Method: This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach carried out with 11 women who massaged their children and answered the guiding question: What did the experience of massaging your child mean to you? Results: The experience of massaging their children meant the development of their being a mother and of being a son/daughter, in addition to developing the attachment relationship between them. The massage can operationalize this integrality, become a tool of communication, stimulation and promotion of secure attachment, by promoting the loving interaction between mother and child. Conclusion: This practice should be considered as an option in the programs that promote the comprehensive health of the mother and child.
Therapeutic play in preparing for surgery: behavior of preschool children during the perioperative period
Authors: Paladino Camila Moreira , Carvalho Rachel de , Almeida Fabiane de Amorim
Published: July 2014

Objective:to describe the behavior of children during the instructional session of therapeutic play (ITP) in the preoperative period and to verify the behavior presented by them during the perioperative period. Methods: Exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach, developed in a large private hospital in Sao Paulo, in which the behaviors presented by 30 children between three and five years old, undergoing minor surgery were seen at the hospital during the session of TP and in the surgical center, from admission to awaken from anesthesia. Results: Most children participated in the ITP session (21; 70%), entered the surgical room spontaneously (22; 73.3%) without resisting mother separation (24; 80%), collaborating with the anesthetic procedure (16; 53.3%) and quietly awakening from anesthesia (26; 87%). Conclusion: The use of ITP led the child to understand the surgical procedure, making it less traumatic.
The representations of adolescents about gynecological consultation
Authors: Gomes Vera Lúcia de Oliveira , Fonseca Adriana Dora da , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Silva Camila Daiane , Acosta Daniele Ferreira , Pereira Fabiani Weiss
Published: July 2014

Objective: To analyze the social representation of adolescents about gynecological consultation and the influence of those in searching for consultations. Method: Qualitative descriptive study based on the Social Representations Theory, conducted with 50 adolescents in their last year of middle school. The data was collected between April and May of 2010 by Evocations and a Focal Group. The software EVOC and contextual analysis were used in the data treatment. Results: The elements fear and constraint, constant in the central nucleus, can justify the low frequency of adolescents in consultations. The term embarrassment in the peripheral system reinforce current sociocultural norms, while prevention, associated with learning about sex and clarifying doubts, allows to envision an educative function. Obtained testimonies in the focal groups exemplify and reinforce those findings. Conclusion: For an effective health education, professionals, including nurses, need to clarify the youth individually and collectively about their rights to privacy, secrecy, in addition to focus the gynecological consultation as a promotion measure to sexual and reproductive health.
Prevalence of nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Fernandes Maria Isabel da Conceição Dias , Medeiros Ana Beatriz de Almeida , Macedo Beatriz Medeiros de , Vitorino Ana Beatriz Ferreira , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho
Published: July 2014

Objective: To identify the prevalence of nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess and their defining characteristics in hemodialysis patients and the association between them. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted in two steps. We interviewed 100 patients between the months of December 2012 and April 2013 in a teaching hospital and one hemodialysis clinic. The inference was performed by diagnostician nurses between July and September 2013. Results: The diagnostic studied was identified in 82% of patients. The characteristics that were statistically associated: bounding pulses, pulmonary congestion, jugular vein distention, edema, change in electrolytes, weight gain, intake greater than output and abnormal breath sounds. Among these, edema and weight gain had the highest chances for the development of this diagnostic. Conclusion: The analyzed diagnostic is prevalent in this population and eight characteristics presented significant association.
Family functioning of elderly with depressive symptoms
Authors: Souza Rosely Almeida , Costa Gislaine Desani da , Yamashita Cintia Hitomi , Amendola Fernanda , Gaspar Jaqueline Correa , Alvarenga Márcia Regina Martins , Faccenda Odival , Oliveira Maria Amélia de Campos
Published: July 2014

Objective: To classify families of elderly with depressive symptoms regarding their functioning and to ascertain the presence of an association between these symptoms, family functioning and the characteristics of the elderly. Method: This was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study performed with 33 teams of the Family Health Strategy in Dourados, MS. The sample consisted of 374 elderly divided into two groups (with and without depressive symptoms). The instruments for data collection were a sociodemographic instrument, the GeriatricDepression Scale (15 items) and the Family Apgar. Results: An association was observed between depressive symptoms and family dysfunction, female gender, four or more people living together, and physical inactivity. Conclusion: The functional family may represent effective support for the elderly with depressive symptoms, because it offers a comfortable environment that ensures the well-being of its members. The dysfunctional family can barely provide necessary care for the elderly, which can exacerbate depressive symptoms.
The opinion of patients with mental disorder about tobacco and its prohibition in psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: Oliveira Renata Marques de , Furegato Antonia Regina Ferreira
Published: July 2014

Objective: To identify the opinion of patients with mental disorder about tobacco and its prohibition during psychiatric hospitalization. Method: An exploratory study with 96 patients smokers with mental disorders hospitalized in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital. The interviews were conducted individually, using an instrument designed for this study. The content from the interviews was recorded, transcribed and submitted to a thematic content analysis. Results: The patients with mental disorder were identified as perceiving smoking during the psychiatric hospitalization as a help to support the difficulties in socialization and in the lack of activities. The permission for smoking is seen as a signal of respect to their needs. The subjects mentioned to not accept the total smoking prohibition. Conclusion: Tobacco helps to face difficulties and conflicts in the psychiatric hospitalization. There is resistance regarding the possibility to totally withdraw the smoking permission during hospitalization.
Intervening factors in attention flow of professionals injured by biological material
Authors: Ribeiro Luana Cássia Miranda , Souza Adenícia Custódia Silva e , Tipple Anaclara Ferreira Veiga , Melo Dulcelene Sousa , Peixoto Myrian Karla Ayres Veronez , Munari Denize Bouttelet
Published: July 2014

Objective: To describe the barriers and facilitator factors to follow the attention flow of professionals injured by biological material in the worker perspective. Method: Qualitative descriptive study with data collected through individual interviews with 18 injured workers, assisted in reference public units in the city of Goiânia. The content analysis was carried out with assistance of the ATLAS.ti 6.2 software, under the work organization and subjective perspectives. Results: From the interviews regarding the barriers and facilitator factors emerged the categories: organizational structure, Support from close people, and Knowledge influence. Conclusion: The organized services have enabled more qualified consultations and the workers follow-up, which caused a satisfaction feeling in relation to the working environment.
Influence of stress factors and socio-demographic characteristics on the sleep quality of nursing students
Authors: Benavente Sonia Betzabeth Ticona , Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Higashi Aline Baraldi , Guido Laura de Azevedo , Costa Ana Lucia Siqueira
Published: July 2014

Objective:To analyze the influence of stress factors and socio-demographic characteristics on the sleep quality of nursing students. Method: An analytical cross-sectional and quantitative study, conducted with 151 nursing students in São Paulo between March and April of 2012. A form for socio-demographic characteristics, the Instrument to Evaluate Stress in Nursing Students and the Pittsburgh Sleep Index were applied. Results: High levels of stress was predominant for Time Management (27.8%) and Professional Training (30.5%) and low sleep quality (78.8%). The Professional Communication, Professional Training and Theoretical Activity are positively correlated to sleep quality. Work activity, academic year and time for daily studies contributed to a low quality of sleep. Conclusion: Few stress factors from the academic environment and some socio-demographic characteristics contributed to the reduction of sleep quality in students.
Risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents: a integrative review
Authors: Pinto Agnes Caroline Souza , Luna Izaildo Tavares , Sivla Adna de Araújo , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa , Braga Violante Augusta Batista , Souza Ângela Maria Alves e
Published: July 2014

Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents. Method: An integrative review was conducted in four databases with publications from 2007 to 2013. The terms Adolescent and Mental Health were used to search adequate articles as DeCs/MeSH bases. Results: Publications were found in different journals in different fields of knowledge and the quantitative research was the most frequent. The mental health issues were categorized as individual factors; drug related factors, school factors, family factors, social factors and STDs/Aids related factors. The most addressed category was individual factors, with 23 publications. Conclusion: The integrative review allowed to point important questions to be addressed in preventive actions by the health professional, including the nurse, to create a space that works with risk conditioning factors in adolescents for mental health aggravation.
Esforçados e "talentosos": a produção do sucesso escolar na Escola Técnica Federal de São Paulo
Authors: Bandera Nicolau Dela
Published: July 2014

Este artigo busca compreender a produção do sucesso escolar na Escola Técnica Federal de São Paulo. O objetivo específico é investigar como o vestibulinho do colégio produz uma seleção rigorosa a priori de um público altamente suscetível à ação pedagógica da instituição e interpretar como determinadas trajetórias familiares impulsionam os estudantes a constantes superações de si e a um alto investimento nas conquistas escolares. Foram analisadas as motivações e as representações produzidas pelos agentes a respeito do estudo e da própria história familiar, assim como o ethos escolar desses jovens que conforma um estilo de vida e um padrão de masculinidade específico, expresso nas identidades escolares do nerd e do prodígio, no qual o esforço escolar é valorizado e reconhecido pelos pares. Para a realização desta pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 21 jovens, selecionados a partir de um questionário aplicado no terceiro ano do ensino médio (total de 257).
Simuladores computadorizados e auto-percepção de conduta de alunos e alunas de psicologia
Authors: Oliveira Ebenézer A. de
Published: July 2014

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da introdução de atividades laboratoriais com um simulador computadorizado sobre a Freqüência Escolar e as auto-percepções dos estudantes de graduação em Psicologia quanto ao Interesse, Compreensão do conteúdo curricular e Cooperação com pares. Os efeitos do Sexo dos estudantes também foram examinados, sendo a amostra constituída por 18 alunas e 5 alunos. Conforme previsto, todas as variáveis apresentaram um aumento médio em função do uso do simulador. Houve ainda uma interação significativa entre Sexo e Simulador sobre a Freqüência Escolar, indicando que os alunos se beneficiaram do novo recurso pedagógico mais do que as alunas. As alunas, em contrapartida, apresentaram maiores índices de Freqüência e de Cooperação do que os alunos, independentemente do currículo. Esses resultados são discutidos em termos de ensino-aprendizagem do terceiro grau e de estereótipos de papéis sexuais.
Sobre imagens mentais e representações visuo-espaciais de objectos e ambientes
Authors: Santos Ana Sofia Correia dos
Published: July 2014

O papel funcional das imagens mentais e das representações visuoespaciais na memória tem sido documentado desde o tempo da Grécia antiga. Contudo, só recentemente, através da investigação em psicologia cognitiva, as propriedades das representações visuo-espaciais e os mecanismos pelos quais elas medeiam o desempenho da memória foram elucidados. Uma das conclusões centrais da presente revisão é que as representações visuo-espaciais fornecem um formato muito variado e flexível de codificação da informação sobre o mundo em memória. Mais, essas representações são usadas para levar a cabo diversas actividades cognitivas. A natureza da informação acedida a partir das imagens mentais de objectos difere da natureza da informação que é representada em memória para o reconhecimento de objectos individuais e da que é preservada nas representações das disposições espaciais dos objectos.
Estilos cognitivos de estudantes de psicologia: experiência em iniciação científica e séries freqüentadas
Authors: Bariani Isabel Cristina Dib , Santos Acácia A. Angeli dos
Published: July 2014

Neste estudo, estilos cognitivos são compreendidos como características relativamente estáveis da estrutura cognitiva de uma pessoa. Teve-se como objetivos: descrever e comparar os estilos cognitivos de estudantes de Psicologia, com e sem experiência em iniciação científica (IC) e verificar se há variação na predominância dos estilos em função das séries freqüentadas. Os dados foram coletados com 447 universitários de um Curso de Psicologia, por meio de uma escala que descreve estilos cognitivos. Comparando os estilos dos estudantes com e sem experiência em IC, observou-se que os bolsistas de IC apresentam menos Convergência de Pensamento do que os demais alunos, são mais Divergentes e menos Dependentes de Campo. A análise entre as séries sugere que do início ao final do curso ocorre diminuição dos estilos Convergência e Dependência de Campo. Este estudo permite concluir que os estilos cognitivos não são estáveis, mas passíveis de modificação ao longo dos anos de universidade.
Caracterização do atendimento psicológico prestado por um serviço de psicologia a crianças com dificuldades escolares
Authors: Bernardes-da-Rosa Luciana de Toledo , Garcia Rosana Maria , Domingos Neide A. Micelli , Silvares Edwiges Ferreira de Mattos
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar o atendimento psicológico fornecido a crianças que apresentaram queixas quanto a dificuldades escolares, encaminhadas ao Serviço de Psicologia de um Hospital-Escola do interior de São Paulo. Foram os sujeitos deste estudo 25 crianças (n= 15-sexo masculino; n= 10-sexo feminino) com idade variável entre 7 e 12 anos (IM=9, 12 anos; DP= 1,69).Os dados de identificação da criança e dos seus pais, a origem do encaminhamento, a queixa, o diagnóstico e a recomendação de tratamento foram extraídos dos prontuários das crianças encaminhadas de 1996 a 1997. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a maior parte da amostra foi encaminhada por profissionais da saúde (n=14). A queixa mais freqüente foi aquela relativa aos distúrbios específicos de desenvolvimento e às habilidades escolares (n=22); seguida por distúrbios de comportamento explícito (n=19). O diagnóstico mais freqüente foi retardo mental (n=9), seguido por distúrbio de aprendizagem (n=6). A recomendação de tratamento mais freqüente foi a orientação dos pais (n=21). Também encontrou-se uma correlação entre tipo de queixa e recomendação de tratamento. Compreendeu-se a existência de um consenso quanto à recomendação de orientação dos pais e de um atendimento multiprofissional como conduta terapêutica para essas crianças; mas sugeriu-se a necessidade de pesquisas para avaliar os resultados dessa forma de atuação.
Uma introdução ao estudo cognitivo da memória a curto prazo: da teoria dos múltiplos armazenadores a memória de trabalho
Authors: Mota Márcia da
Published: July 2014

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica dos principais estudos publicados a respeito do sistema de memória a curto prazo. A primeira parte deste artigo trata de uma revisão histórica do estudo da memória a curto prazo. Na segunda parte, discutimos o modelo de múltiplos armazenadores e as principais evidências empíricas pró e contra este modelo. Na terceira parte deste estudo, discutimos o modelo de Memória de Trabalho e suas implicações para o estudo da cognição.
Memoria de trabajo, retraso mental y dificultades de aprendizaje
Authors: Flores-Mendoza Carmen , Colom Roberto
Published: July 2014

La memoria de trabajo se refiere al uso de mecanismos de almacenamiento temporal de Ia información al resolver tareas cognitivamente exigentes. Los estudios a ese respecto muestran que Ias diferencias individuales en ese mecanismo estarían vinculadas con Ias medidas clásicas de Ia inteligencia. En el presente análisis intentase explicar que Ias diferencias individuales en Ia memoria de trabajo pueden obedecer, entre otras cosas, a Ias diferencias en los procesos cognitivos básicos como Ia velocidad de identificación de elementos informativos o, en Ia producción de estrategias como el uso de repaso. Este presupuesto sería válido para los casos de discapacidad cognitiva. Pero, Ia cuestión sobre Ia naturaleza -si unitaria o específica- de Ia memoria de trabajo permanece sin respuesta.
A esquizofrenia e seu tratamento farmacológico
Authors: Alves Cilene Rejane Ramos , Silva Maria Teresa Araujo
Published: July 2014

A esquizofrenia é um transtorno mental bastante complexo de causas ainda hoje desconhecidas. O tratamento farmacológico dessa síndrome consiste basicamente no uso de medicamentos antipsicóticos, os quais melhoram os sintomas e ajudam o paciente a conviver normalmente em sociedade. Este artigo apresenta inicialmente uma breve descrição da esquizofrenia; em seguida, analisa as intervenções atuais utilizadas para seu tratamento farmacológico, fazendo um levantamento dos principais antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos, seus efeitos terapêuticas e colaterais, e seu mecanismo de ação. Finalmente, analisa alguns aspectos da interação entre tratamento farmacológico e intervenção psicoterápica.