bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenvolvimento de instrumento de pesquisa para identificação de modelos de elaboração da estratégia em burocracias profissionais: validação de conteúdo
Authors: Reis Carlos Augusto Correia Lima , Saba Hugo , Carmo Cleber Nascimento do , Nascimento Filho Aloisio Santos
Published: April 2024

A fronteira do conhecimento indica que a deficiência de modelos de elaboração de estratégia customizados às tipologias organizacional podem dificultar a sua implementação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é propor um instrumento que contribua com a identificação de modelos de elaboração de estratégia mais adequados as burocracias profissionais. Na primeira etapa do desenvolvimento do modelo foram achadas algumas características que podem auxiliar na identificação dos modelos estudados. Foi necessário o desdobramento destas características em itens. O uso da técnica CVC trouxe relevantes contribuições, tanto de especialistas quanto de usuários, para se obter evidências de validação do conteúdo dos itens propostos, apesar de apresentar algumas limitações. Em função da pesquisa empírica ser realizada com indivíduos de apenas uma única organização tipificada como burocracia profissional, os resultados da validação do conteúdo, não podem ser generalizados. Sugere-se dar continuidade ao desenvolvimento do instrumento com a validação da estrutura.
Gestão e avaliação da qualidade: uma abordagem estratégica em processos internos organizacionais no setor privado
Authors: Silva Mariana Ferreira da
Published: April 2024

O conceito de Gestão de Qualidade está relacionado ao processo de planejamento, controle e melhoria contínua das atividades de uma organização para garantir que os produtos ou serviços atendam ou superem as expectativas dos clientes. Isso envolve o estabelecimento de padrões de qualidade, a implementação de sistemas de controle de qualidade e a adoção de práticas para garantir a conformidade com esses padrões. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a gestão e avaliação da qualidade de empresas privadas, apontando suas ferramentas e benefícios para os processos internos dos negócios. O estudo se realizou através de uma revisão da literatura sistemática, de caráter qualitativo e exploratório. A busca dos artigos ocorreu pela consulta em sites de pesquisa acadêmica, como o Portal de Periódicos Capes, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Incluiu-se no estudo 5 artigos que foram publicados no período de 2019 a 2024; que estavam nos idiomas: português, inglês ou espanhol; e que tinha algum dos descritores presente no título ou no resumo dos periódicos. Ao finalizar essa pesquisa, verificou-se que a conformidade com padrões de qualidade reconhecidos é essencial, não apenas para garantir a consistência dos produtos ou serviços, mas também para acessar determinados mercados ou setores regulamentados, ampliando o alcance e a viabilidade do negócio. Em suma, investir em processos de gestão e avaliação da qualidade não é apenas uma estratégia operacional, mas um imperativo estratégico que impulsiona o sucesso e o crescimento sustentável das empresas no cenário empresarial atual.
A Step towards Sustainability of Qualitative Life in Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: D. Shailja , Tiwari Gaytri , Verma Ashwani Kumar
Published: April 2024

Juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem that affects the individual in all strata of society. It implies the involvement of juveniles in activities which is illegal by the law. These antisocial acts of juveniles can be due to an inappropriate upbringing, lack of emotional support and material deprivation of family. Therefore, this study aimed to look at quality of life and psychological health among juvenile delinquents in Udaipur. Subjects for this study were 30 juvenile delinquents using a purposive sampling technique, 15 boys and 15 girls between 14-18 years of age who were undergoing institutionalized in two rehabilitation centers. Quality of life scale was used to measure quality of life and self-structured questionnaire was used to assess psychological health. The Pearson correlation showed that there was positive correlation between psychological health and all the six dimensions of psychological health: spirituality/religion/personal beliefs and thinking/learning/memory and concentration. In the light of research findings, we recommend a strong need to educate every child this may further help to eradicate poverty. There is also a strong need on the part of parents to keep check on their children in this way they will restrain them to develop delinquent personality.
Nutrient Digestibility of Non-conventional Protein Sources Blend in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Post Juveniles Using Novel Aquafeed Formulation Software
Authors: Oluyemi Gbadamosi , Oluchukwu Alao, Felicia , V. Alabi
Published: April 2024

In this study, the growth performance, carcass composition, and apparent digestibility coefficient of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were evaluated in relation to different non-conventional protein sources blends diets that were formulated using a novel feed formulation software (FUTA AQUAFEED). Diet 1 served as the control diet, and the other four experimental diets (Diets 2 through 5) included non-conventional protein sources such blood meal, water hyacinth, palm kernel cake, palm beetle meal, blackfly meal, water fern, and Moringa. The gross composition of the experimental feeds exhibited notable variations in nutrient content. The crude protein content in the diets were iso-nitrogenous. Analysis of the composition of the carcass showed that diets varied significantly. Diet 5 had the highest fat content (10.66%), while Diet 3 had the highest crude protein amount (61.57%). Growth performance parameters such as initial and final weights, weight increase, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) exhibited diverse patterns. Diet 5 produced the greatest final weight (324.00 ± 122.94 g) and weight gain (173.32 ± 96.06 g), suggesting that the varied protein blend may have advantages. Dietary differences were seen in the apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and lipids. The crude protein digestibility coefficient (90.68%) was best in Diet 3, while the crude lipid digestibility coefficient (92.00%) was highest in Diet 1. In conclusion, the inclusion of unconventional protein sources in the diets of C. gariepinus affects both their growth performance and nutritional makeup. Through the incorporation of alternate protein sources into fish diets, the findings offer insights for improving aquaculture techniques and advancing sustainability.
Antioxidant Protection Mechanisms in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: April 2024

The cardiovascular system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, plays a critical role in maintaining the consistency of blood flow to supply oxygen throughout the body. Changes in the dynamics of blood flow can occur with the progression of disease exposure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major trigger for cardiomyocyte and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, an antioxidant defense system is essential for prevention. This review aims to provide insights into the primary mechanisms of antioxidants in their role as cardioprotective agents. The human body has at least five defense mechanisms against ROS. Understanding these mechanisms will offer readers a strong perspective on the importance of sufficient antioxidants in the body to maintain cardiovascular function.
Sandhoff's Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Majd R. , Radi A. , Laarej A. , Hassani A. , Abilkassem R.
Published: April 2024

Sandhoff disease is a rare inherited disorder within the sphingolipidosis family, characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the nervous system due to a deficiency in hexosaminidase types A and B enzymes. This condition leads to progressive neurological disorders and eventual blindness, often resulting in fatality before the age of 4. We present the case of an infant who was admitted for psychomotor regression and generalized hypotonia, with the diagnosis of Sandhoff disease being supported by ophthalmological examination findings. Confirmation of the diagnosis was achieved through exome sequencing.
Seed Priming and Media for Enhanced Seedling Growth in Pansy (Viola tricolor)
Authors: Thakur Tanya , Garg Arushi
Published: April 2024

The alarming increase of temperature in Northern areas of India makes it difficult to grow seeds due to these temperature fluctuations. Since Punjab is the hub of annual flower seed production it becomes imperative to identify suitable seed primming and growing media for proper growth and germination of seedlings of annual flower crops. Hence this investigation was conducted in PAU, Ludhiana to evaluate different pre sowing seed treatment and growing media in pansy seeds for better growth and development of seedlings. The maximum shoot length (5.75cm), root length (5.38 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.00), fresh weight (14.04g), dry weight (1.42 g) and SPAD index (34.43) was recorded through synergistic effect of GA3 @ 25 ppm + soil: cocopeat: vermicompost (1:1:1) in pansy. Therefore, it was concluded from the study that treatment combination of GA3 @ 25 ppm + soil: cocopeat: vermicompost (1:1:1) was found to be the best for almost all parameters as compared to the other treatments.
Kitchen Gardening: A Dual Solution for Urban Heat Islands and Nutritional Security in India
Authors: Mohapatra Ankush , Verma Deven , Sharma Sakshi , Swain Aparnna Rani , Singh Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Urbanization has led to significant environmental and societal challenges, including the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and nutritional insecurity. Kitchen gardening, also known as urban horticulture, emerges as a promising solution to these pressing issues. By cultivating food in urban settings, individuals and families contribute to a more sustainable and resilient ecosystem. The practice of kitchen gardening plays a pivotal role in managing the UHI effect. Vegetation in urban areas helps moderate temperature extremes, reducing the heat retained by concrete and asphalt. This cooling effect contributes to lower energy consumption for air conditioning, mitigating urban pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the proximity of urban gardens to residential areas decreases the need for transportation of produce, further cutting down on pollution and energy usage associated with food distribution. From a nutritional standpoint, kitchen gardening ensures food security by providing a direct source of fresh, healthy produce. This practice aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including zero hunger (SDG2), good health and well-being (SDG3), and responsible consumption and production (SDG12). Urban horticulture empowers individuals to take control of their food sources, promoting a balanced diet and reducing dependence on industrial-scale farming. Furthermore, it creates opportunities for community engagement and economic growth, supporting decent work and economic growth (SDG8) and sustainable cities and communities (SDG11). Kitchen gardening is a multifaceted approach that addresses both environmental and nutritional challenges. Its benefits extend beyond individual households, contributing to broader sustainability goals and fostering a more harmonious relationship between urban development and the environment.
Rare Case of Infective Endocarditis Due to Gemella Morbillorum in Patient with Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Sarah Dghoughi , Dounia Jama , Hanae Charif , Karim Mounaouir , Maha Bouziane , Meryem Haboub , Ghali Bennouna El , Abdenasser Drighil , Rachida Habbal
Published: April 2024

Infective endocarditis caused by Gemella morbillorum is one of the rare causative microorganisms of endocarditis and only a few cases have been reported in the literature so far. We describe a case of Gemella morbillorum endocarditis in a 37-year-old Moroccan man who had a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve. He presented to our institution with a 1.5-month history of fever, and the onset of a motor deficit in the right hemibody one day prior to consultation. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed two large, echogenic and mobile vegetations (30×8 mm) with perforation of the left cusp and fistulized abscess of the anterior mitral leaflet measuring approximately 16x20mm. Blood cultures of the patient grew pan-sensitive Gemella morbillorum. The patient fulfilled the Duke’s criteria for infective endocarditis. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and aortic and mitral valves replacement.
A case report on Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Ziani G. , Souilk H. , Azouzi R. El , Ameur A. , Doghmi N. , Cherti M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction : Cardiac amyloidosis is due to the extracellular accumulation of insoluble fibrillar proteins which progressively alter the function of the myocardium. The prognosis depends on the severity of the cardiac involvement. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (TTR) is the most common. It can be wild-type (ATTRwt), hereditary (ATTRv) or senile (wild TTR). The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis has greatly improved in the last decade and is based on multimodal imaging, mainly echocardiography and bone scintigraphy.
Case Report: We report the case of a male patient hospitalized for heart failure due to transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.
Conclusion:  Recognition of this pathology is essential because cardiological management is specific and conventional treatments for heart failure can be harmful. Only specific treatments can slow down or stop the infiltration process.
Optimisation of Advanced Nutrient Solutions for Escalating Crop Production under Hydroponic Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Brar Guntaash Singh , Kumar Ankit , Singh Gurpreet , Ishika . , Shubham . , Kaushal Shilpa
Published: April 2024

Hydroponic farming has the potential to be a viable solution to problems related to conventional agriculture, such as deteriorated soil and limited water supply. Hydroponic farming may significantly increase crop yields while preserving the resources by cultivating various plants in a soilless medium using a precisely calculated nutrient solution. This review examined the functions of nutrient solutions which are being used under hydroponic farming, emphasizing the formulations, preparation and utilization of these solutions for growing crops. A crucial part of hydroponic systems is the nutrient solution which offers the plants both the macro and micronutrients as they are required for plant growth and development. Nutrient management in hydroponics is critical for making the optimum use of crop nutrients while minimizing the environmental impact. Total dissolved solids, pH and electrical conductivity are the three most important components in nutrient management in soilless cultivation. Nutrient availability is influenced by pH, however, pH of 5.8-6.5 is considered as the best range for hydroponic-based productions. The optimal range for electrical conductivity (EC) is 1.5 to 2.5 dS/m. The optimal range for total dissolved solids (TDS) for successful hydroponics growing ranges from 800–1500 ppm. For avoiding the toxicities or nutritional-based deficiencies, any fluctuations in pH, EC and TDS can lead to yield retardation, and therefore, these parameters should be monitored on a daily basis for successful hydroponics goal. Hence, the review paper emphasizes on different fertilizer dosage calculations for hydroponic systems. Although different crops require different amounts of nutrients, so it become essential to analyse, modify and apply the right nutrients dose at right crop stage. Ultimately, the review provides better insights and understanding of different nutrient formulations opted for hydroponically based crops such as leafy vegetables and herbs. In a hydroponic environment, these formulations are produced to fulfil the nutritional demand for ensuring healthy development and boosting yields.
Effect of Sulphur and Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Extract Spray on Growth and Yield of Groundnut
Authors: Bahekar Komal , Singh Karishma , Dawson Joy
Published: April 2024

A field experiment was conducted on groundnut during Zaid (summer) season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of sulphur (30,40 and 50 kg/ha) and 3 levels of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract spray (5,10 and 15%) along with recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and a control (20-40-20 N-P-K/ha). Application of Sulphur 50 kg/ha along seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract spray 10% (treatment 8) recorded maximum plant dry weight (36.17 gm), pod per plant (27.93), seed index (39.90 gm), kernel yield (2.36 t/ha) and B:C (1.90).
Advancements in the Search for Superhard Ultra‐Incompressible Metal Borides
Authors: Levine Jonathan B. , Tolbert Sarah H. , Kaner Richard B.
Published: October 2009

Dense transition metal borides have recently been identified as superhard materials that offer the possibility of ambient pressure synthesis compared to the conventional high pressure, high temperature approach. This feature article begins with a discussion of the relevant physical properties for this class of compounds, followed by a summary of the synthesis and properties of several transition metal borides. A strong emphasis is placed on correlating mechanical properties with electronic and atomic structure of these materials in an effort to better predict new superhard compounds. It concludes with a perspective of future research directions, highlighting some recent results and presenting several new ideas that remain to be tested.
A new recovery process of carbon dioxide from alkaline carbonate solution via electrodialysis
Authors: Nagasawa Hiroki , Yamasaki Akihiro , Iizuka Atsushi , Kumagai Kazukiyo , Yanagisawa Yukio
Published: October 2009

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis is applied to CO2 recovery from alkaline carbonate solution. CO2 in flue gas is captured by an alkaline hydroxide absorbing solution to form an alkaline carbonate solution. The captured CO2 is recovered from the alkaline carbonate solution via bipolar membrane electrodialysis, and the alkaline solution is regenerated simultaneously. To reduce the power requirement for CO2 recovery, this study considers optimal design and operation. Three membrane arrangements were compared, and the results indicate the membrane arrangement comprising a bipolar membrane and cation exchange membrane is the most energy saving. With further optimization of operation conditions, the minimum power requirement for CO2 recovery was reduced to 2.1 MJ/kg‐CO2 (or 2.1 GJ/t‐CO2). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Alternative concept for SOFC with direct internal reforming operation: Benefits from inserting catalyst rod
Authors: Dokamaingam Pannipha , Laosiripojana Navadol , Soottitantawat Apinan , Assabumrungrat Suttichai
Published: October 2009

Mathematical models of direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (DIR‐SOFC) fueled by methane are developed using COMSOL® software. The benefits of inserting Ni‐catalyst rod in the middle of tubular‐SOFC are simulated and compared to conventional DIR‐SOFC. It reveals that DIR‐SOFC with inserted catalyst provides smoother temperature gradient along the system and gains higher power density and electrochemical efficiency with less carbon deposition. Sensitivity analyses are performed. By increasing inlet fuel flow rate, the temperature gradient and power density improve, but less electrical efficiency with higher carbon deposition is predicted. The feed with low inlet steam/carbon ratio enhances good system performances but also results in high potential for carbon formation; this gains great benefit of DIR‐SOFC with inserted catalyst because the rate of carbon deposition is remarkably low. Compared between counter‐ and co‐flow patterns, the latter provides smoother temperature distribution with higher efficiency; thus, it is the better option for practical applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Human birth seasonality and sunshine
Authors: Cummings David R.
Published: October 2009

The environmental light intensity/photoperiod (ELI/PP) hypothesis proposes that the seasonality of human births is primarily associated with seasonal changes in ambient atmospheric luminosity or ELI. This study tests for the presence of increased ELI during the 1 or 2‐month period preceding the conceptual month. Monthly birth data for Helsinki, Finland; Kiev, Ukraine; Hanoi, Vietnam; Matlab, Bangladesh; Nashville, Tennessee; Los Angeles, California; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colorado and Pretoria, South Africa, are correlated (Pearsonian r) to corresponding monthly meteorological data. With the exception of Matlab, birth data are adjusted for conception date, 31‐day months, leap years and monthly deviation from an annual mean. Meteorological data are adjusted for a 1–2‐month exposure to ELI before conception. From these correlations, Helsinki r = 0.82, Kiev r = 0.80, Hanoi r = 0.93, Matlab r = 0.91, Nashville r = 0.84, Los Angeles r = 0.71, Dallas r = 0.86, Denver r = 0.53, and Pretoria r = −82. Weakness and strengths of the ELI/PP hypothesis are reviewed using the criteria developed by AB Hill. Substituting meteorological variables for ELI may be a weakness, whereas the specificity of ELI/PP predictions may be a strength. Increased periods of ELI precede increased periods of conceptions. Increased ELI may influence seasonality for chimpanzee, baboon, and humans. Atmospheric pollution may alter the onset of seasonality. Increased ELI may be the initial, but not the singular variable to affect seasonality. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Boys live dangerously in the womb
Authors: Eriksson Johan G. , Kajantie Eero , Osmond Clive , Thornburg Kent , Barker David J.P.
Published: October 2009

The growth of every human fetus is constrained by the limited capacity of the mother and placenta to deliver nutrients to it. At birth, boys tend to be longer than girls at any placental weight. Boy's placentas may therefore be more efficient than girls, but may have less reserve capacity. In the womb boys grow faster than girls and are therefore at greater risk of becoming undernourished. Fetal undernutrition leads to small size at birth and cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension, in later life. We studied 2003 men and women aged around 62 years who were born in Helsinki, Finland, of whom 644 had hypertension: we examined their body and placental size at birth. In both sexes, hypertension was associated with low birth weight. In men, hypertension was also associated with a long minor diameter of the placental surface. The dangerous growth strategy of boys may be compounded by the costs of compensatory placental enlargement in late gestation. In women, hypertension was associated with a small placental area, which may reduce nutrient delivery to the fetus. In men, hypertension was linked to the mothers' socioeconomic status, an indicator of their diets: in women it was linked to the mothers' heights, an indicator of their protein metabolism. Boys' greater dependence on their mothers' diets may enable them to capitalize on an improving food supply, but it makes them vulnerable to food shortages. The ultimate manifestation of their dangerous strategies may be that men have higher blood pressures and shorter lives than women. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of adult skeletal age‐at‐death using the Sugeno fuzzy integral
Authors: Anderson Melissa F. , Anderson Derek T. , Wescott Daniel J.
Published: October 2009

Age‐at‐death estimation of an individual skeleton is important to forensic and biological anthropologists for identification and demographic analysis, but it has been shown that the current aging methods are often unreliable because of skeletal variation and taphonomic factors. Multifactorial methods have been shown to produce better results when determining age‐at‐death than single indicator methods. However, multifactorial methods are difficult to apply to single or poorly preserved skeletons, and they rarely provide the investigator with information about the reliability of the estimate. The goal of this research is to examine the validity of the Sugeno fuzzy integral as a multifactorial method for modeling age‐at‐death of an individual skeleton. This approach is novel because it produces an informed decision of age‐at‐death utilizing multiple age indicators while also taking into consideration the accuracies of the methods and the condition of the bone being examined. Additionally, the Sugeno fuzzy integral does not require the use of a population and it qualitatively produces easily interpreted graphical results. Examples are presented applying three commonly used aging methods on a known‐age skeletal sample from the Terry Anatomical Collection. This method produces results that are more accurate and with smaller intervals than single indicator methods. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insect‐symbiont systems: From complex relationships to biotechnological applications
Authors: Chaves Sandra , Neto Marta , Tenreiro Rogério
Published: October 2009

Microbial symbiosis is a ubiquitous aspect of life and was a major element in the ability of insects to explore several adverse environments. To date, the study of symbiosis in insects has been impaired by the unculturability of most symbionts. However, some molecular methods represent powerful tools to help understand insect‐microorganism associations and to disclose new symbiont‐host systems. Beyond playing an essential role in nutrition and development of the insects, symbionts can produce bioactive compounds that protect the host against adverse environmental conditions, predators and/or direct competitors. Since the search for natural bioactive products and new enzymes is a developing area, understanding the diversity and nature of symbiont‐host relationships paves the way for the exploitation of new resources in biotechnology. Furthermore, genetic transformation of the symbionts with genes that code for compounds that are toxic for pathogenic and phytopathogenic agents is also a promising area of application of the insect‐symbiont relationships. The search for new bioactive compounds, the use of symbionts for pest and disease control and the molecular strategies applied for these purposes are issues of particular interest for innovative biotechnological applications and are addressed in the present review.
Recent trends in non‐viral vector‐mediated gene delivery
Authors: Pathak Atul , Patnaik Soma , Gupta Kailash Chand
Published: October 2009

Nucleic acids‐based next generation biopharmaceuticals (i.e., pDNA, oligonucleotides, short interfering RNA) are potential pioneering materials to cope with various incurable diseases. However, several biological barriers present a challenge for efficient gene delivery. On the other hand, developments in nanotechnology now offer numerous non‐viral vectors that have been fabricated and found capable of transmitting the biopharmaceuticals into the cell and even into specific subcellular compartments like mitochondria. This overview illustrates cellular barriers and current status of non‐viral gene vectors, i.e., lipoplexes, liposomes, polyplexes, and nanoparticles, to relocate therapeutic DNA‐based nanomedicine into the target cell. Despite the awesome impact of physical methods (i.e., ultrasound, electroporation), chemical methods have been shown to accomplish high‐level and safe transgene expression. Further comprehension of barriers and the mechanism of cellular uptake will facilitate development of nucleic acids‐based nanotherapy for alleviation of various disorders.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Tunable 1,3‐Lithium Shift of Propargylic/Allenylic Species, Transmetallation, and Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Liu Yu , He Qiwen , Li Yuxue , Ma Shengming
Published: October 2009

The highly selective tuning of the isomerization from 1‐arylalka‐1,2‐dien‐1‐yllithium to 1‐arylalka‐1,2‐dien‐3‐yllithium has been realized in the deprotonation of 1‐arylalk‐1‐yne (conditions A and B) and carbolithiation of 1‐arylbut‐3‐en‐1‐yne with alkyllithium (conditions C and D). Subsequent transmetallation and Pd‐catalyzed Negishi coupling reactions afforded 1,1‐diaryl or 1,3‐diaryl allenes with high selectivity. Deuterium‐labeling cross experiments indicated that an intermolecular lithiation process occurred in both 1,3‐lithium shift conditions (conditions B and D). 1‐Arylalka‐1,2‐diene was confirmed experimentally to be the intermediate. A computational study at the B3LYP level for the isomerization indicated that the acidity of H at the 3‐position is higher than that of the H at the 1‐position of 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐butadiene. Under conditions B, iPr2NH acts as a proton carrier to finish the 1,3‐lithium shift. The overall activation barrier for the rate‐determining step in the solvated models is ≈21.0 kcal mol−1, indicating that the isomerization is reasonable at room temperature. For the isomerization under conditions D, DFT calculations indicated that the addition of TMEDA (tetramethylethylenediamine) and HMPA (hexamethylphosphoramide) changes the global minimum of the system; among the possible mechanisms (P1–P5) considered, the mechanism catalyzed by dilithiated species (P5) is the most probable one. The overall activation barriers for isomerization in THF and TMEDA solvated models are 22.6 and 19.7 kcal mol−1, respectively, proving that the isomerization may proceed at RT in THF or at −78 °C with TMEDA, due to the fact that the solvation of the additives may increase the concentration of 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐butadienyllithium monomer by a deaggregation effect.
Light‐Driven Charge Separation in Isoxazolidine–Perylene Bisimide Dyads
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Obermeier Andreas , Floredo Yvonne , Zanelli Alberto , Flamigni Lucia
Published: October 2009

A series of arrays for light‐driven charge separation is presented, in which perylene tetracarboxylic bisimide is the light‐absorbing chromophore and electron acceptor, whereas isoxazolidines are colourless electron donors, the electron‐releasing properties of which are increased with respect to the amino group by means of the α‐effect. Charge separation (CS) in toluene over a distance ranging from ≈10 to ≈16 Å, with efficiencies of ≈95 to ≈50 % and CS lifetimes from 300 ps to 15 ns, are demonstrated. In dichloromethane the charge recombination reaction is faster than charge separation, preventing accumulation of the CS state. The effects of solvent polarity and molecular structure are discussed in the frame of current theories.
A Flexible Approach to Grandisine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of Grandisines B, D, and F
Authors: Kurasaki Haruaki , Okamoto Iwao , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu
Published: October 2009

This article describes in detail the first total synthesis of grandisine alkaloids, grandisines B, D, and F, which show affinity for the human δ‐opioid receptor. The key steps in this synthesis are construction of the isoquinuclidinone moiety of 2 by intramolecular imine formation and the tetracyclic ring system of 4 by stereoselective ring closure of the enolate of amine 8 generated by 1,4‐addition of ammonia to 9. Synthesis of key intermediate 9 featured a highly stereoselective Brønsted acid mediated Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction via the N‐acyl iminium ion.
Role of Environmental Factors on the Structure and Spectroscopic Response of 5′‐DNA–Porphyrin Conjugates Caused by Changes in the Porphyrin–Porphyrin Interactions
Authors: Mammana Angela , Pescitelli Gennaro , Asakawa Tomohiro , Jockusch Steffen , Petrovic Ana G. , Monaco Regina R. , Purrello Roberto , Turro Nicholas J. , Nakanishi Koji , Ellestad George A. , Balaz Milan , Berova Nina
Published: October 2009

We have explored the utility, strength, and limitation of through‐space exciton‐coupled circular dichroism in determination of the secondary structure of optically active chromophoric nanoarrays using the example of end‐capped porphyrin– and metalloporphyrin–oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates. We put special emphasis on the explanation of the origin and significance of the distinctive multiple bands in the CD spectra (trisignate and tetrasignate CD bands). Such CD profiles are often observed in chiral aggregates or multichromophoric arrays but have never before been studied in detail. We found that variation of temperature and ionic strength has a profound effect on the geometry of the porphyrin–DNA conjugates and thus the nature of electronic interactions. At lower temperatures and in the absence of NaCl all three 5′‐DNA–porphyrin conjugates display negative bisignate CD exciton couplets of variable intensity in the Soret region resulting from through‐space interaction between the electric transition dipole moments of the two end‐capped porphyrins. As the temperature is raised these exciton couplets are transformed into single positive bands originating from the porphyrin–single‐strand DNA interactions. At higher ionic strengths and low temperatures, multisignate CD bands are observed in the porphyrin Soret region. These CD signature bands originate from a combination of intermolecular, end‐to‐end porphyrin–porphyrin stacking between duplexes and porphyrin–DNA interactions. The intermolecular aggregation was confirmed by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy and resonance light scattering. DeVoe theoretical CD calculations, in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations and Monte Carlo conformational searches, were used to mimic the observed bisignate exciton‐coupled CD spectra as well as multiple CD bands. Calculations correctly predicted the sign and shape of the experimentally observed CD spectra. These studies reveal that the exciton‐coupled circular dichroism is a very useful technique for the determination of the structure of optically active arrays.
Interaction of Artemisinins with Oxyhemoglobin Hb–FeII, Hb–FeII, CarboxyHb–FeII, Heme–FeII, and Carboxyheme FeII: Significance for Mode of Action and Implications for Therapy of Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Coghi Paolo , Basilico Nicoletta , Taramelli Donatella , Chan Wing‐Chi , Haynes Richard K. , Monti Diego
Published: October 2009

In line with the enhancement of antimalarial activities of the current clinical artemisinins against parasites cultured under CO, the artemisinins are unaffected in vitro by carboxyhemoglobin (CO–Hb–FeII) or CO–heme–FeII, but are competitively decomposed by Hb–FeII or heme–FeII. In the latter case, the heme studies are greatly facilitated by solubilization of the heme in aqueous medium by use of arginine. None of the Hb species has an appreciable effect on artemisone, or on other aminoartemisinins, and antimalarial activities are either less affected or remain essentially unchanged against parasites cultured under standard microaerophilic conditions or under CO. The findings not only indicate that artemisinins do not require Hb–FeII or heme–FeII for promotion of antimalarial activity, but are also important in relation to the therapy of severe/complicated or cerebral malaria.
Development and evaluation of gamut extension algorithms
Authors: Laird Justin , Muijs Remco , Kuang Jiangtao
Published: October 2009

In recent years, new display technologies have emerged that are capable of producing colors that exceed the color gamut of broadcast standards. On the other hand, most video content currently remains compliant with the EBU standard and as such, there is a need for color mapping algorithms that make optimal use of the wider gamut of these new displays. To identify appropriate color mapping strategies, we have developed, implemented, and evaluated several approaches to gamut extension. The color rendering performance and robustness to different image content of these algorithms were evaluated against a reference (true‐color) mapping. To this end, two psychophysical experiments were conducted using a simulated and actual wide‐gamut display. Results show that the preferred algorithm had a dependency on image content, especially for images with skin tones. In both experiments, however, there was preference shown for the algorithm that balances chroma and lightness modulations as a function of the input lightness. The newly designed extension algorithms consistently outperformed true‐color mapping, thus confirming the benefit of appropriate mapping on wide‐gamut displays. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 443–451, 2009
Superficial degradation evaluated through color change in weathered orange LLDPE
Authors: González‐Mota Rosario , Soto‐Bernal Juan J. , Rosales‐Candelas Iliana , Frausto‐Reyes Claudio , Vega‐Durán Jose T.
Published: October 2009

We report the evaluation of superficial degradation of orange and colorless linear low density polyethylene samples exposed to weather. Color change and UV–VIS absorption were measured on samples exposed to the weather conditions of the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico, for more than a year. The color change was calculated in CIELAB units. Color change and absorption presented an exponential decay with time for orange samples, whereas they remained constant for colorless samples. No degradation products from the polymer matrix were revealed by UV–VIS spectroscopy, and apart from color change, no other degradation was noticed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 458–463, 2009
Recombination of Photogenerated Lophyl Radicals in Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Strehmel Veronika , Wishart James F. , Polyansky Dmitry E. , Strehmel Bernd
Published: October 2009

Laser flash photolysis is applied to study the recombination reaction of lophyl radicals in ionic liquids in comparison with dimethylsulfoxide as an example of a traditional organic solvent. The latter exhibits a similar micropolarity as the ionic liquids. The ionic liquids investigated are 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1), 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (2), and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetafluoroborate (3). The recombination of the photolytic generated lophyl radicals occur significantly faster in the ionic liquids than expected from their macroscopic viscosities and is a specific effect of these ionic liquids. On the other hand, this reaction can be compared with the macroscopic viscosity in the case of dimethylsulfoxide. Activation parameters obtained for lophyl radical recombination suggest different, anion‐dependent mechanistic effects. Quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory provide a deeper insight of the molecular properties of the lophyl radical and its precursor. Thus, excitation energies, spin densities, molar volumes, and partial charges are calculated. Calculations show a spread of spin density over the three carbon atoms of the imidazolyl moiety, while only low spin density is calculated for the nitrogens.
Image segmentation and dynamic lineage analysis in single‐cell fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Wang Quanli , Niemi Jarad , Tan Chee‐Meng , You Lingchong , West Mike
Published: October 2009

An increasingly common component of studies in synthetic and systems biology is analysis of dynamics of gene expression at the single‐cell level, a context that is heavily dependent on the use of time‐lapse movies. Extracting quantitative data on the single‐cell temporal dynamics from such movies remains a major challenge. Here, we describe novel methods for automating key steps in the analysis of single‐cell, fluorescent images—segmentation and lineage reconstruction—to recognize and track individual cells over time. The automated analysis iteratively combines a set of extended morphological methods for segmentation, and uses a neighborhood‐based scoring method for frame‐to‐frame lineage linking. Our studies with bacteria, budding yeast and human cells, demonstrate the portability and usability of these methods, whether using phase, bright field or fluorescent images. These examples also demonstrate the utility of our integrated approach in facilitating analyses of engineered and natural cellular networks in diverse settings. The automated methods are implemented in freely available, open‐source software. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The importance of Foxp3 antibody and fixation/permeabilization buffer combinations in identifying CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Law Jacqueline P. , Hirschkorn Dale F. , Owen Rachel E. , Biswas Hope H. , Norris Philip J. , Lanteri Marion C.
Published: October 2009

Foxp3 is a key marker for CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and was used in developing a multiparameter flow cytometric panel to identify Tregs. Achieving reproducible staining and analysis first required optimization of Foxp3 staining. We present a comparative study of PCH101, 236A/E7, 3G3, 206D, 150D, and 259D/C7 clones of anti‐human‐Foxp3 antibodies used in combination with five different fixation/permeabilization buffers. Staining for CD25, CD152, and CD127 was also compared between fixation/permeabilization treatments. Promising antibody/buffer combinations were tested in a panel of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 individuals, and then on fresh versus frozen cells from four individuals. Finally, different fluorochromes coupled to two representative antibodies were compared to optimize separation of Foxp3+ from Foxp3− events. Foxp3 gates were set using two gating strategies based on CD127+CD25− “non‐Tregs” or based on isotype controls. For Foxp3 staining, the best conditions for fixation/permeabilization were obtained using the eBioscience Foxp3, Imgenex, BioLegend, and BD Foxp3 buffers. Comparing results from 10 subjects, 259D/C7, PCH101, 236A/E7, and 206D antibodies yielded statistically higher levels of Foxp3 cells than those by 150D and 3G3 antibodies (mean = 6.9, 5.1, 4.7, and 3.7% compared with 1.7, and 0.3% of CD25+Foxp3+ events within CD4+ cells, respectively). Importantly, the “nonspecificity” of some antibodies observed with a Foxp3 gate based on isotype controls could be eliminated by setting the Foxp3 gate on “non‐Tregs”. Better separation of Foxp3+ and Foxp3− populations was observed using the PCH101 clone coupled to Alexa647 compared with FITC or the 259D/C7 clone coupled to PE compared with Alexa488 fluorochrome. Foxp3 staining can be highly variable and depends on the choice of antibody/buffer pair and the fluorochrome used. Selecting the correct population for setting the Foxp3 gate is critical to avoid including non‐Tregs in the Foxp3+ gate. The experiments presented here will aid in optimization of flow cytometry staining panels to quantify Treg frequencies in humans. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Histiocytic sarcoma with interdigitating dendritic cell differentiation: A case report with fine needle aspiration cytology and review of literature
Authors: Yang Grace C. H. , Besanceney Carrie E. , Tam Wayne
Published: October 2009

A hybrid histiocytic sarcoma‐interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma was found in a small perinephric lymph node of an asymptomatic 80‐year‐old man, who presented a year ago with two small foci of lung metastasis found during routine chest X‐ray. Fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated interconnecting long and thin cell processes radiating from dendrite‐like neoplastic cells with oval, enlongated, reniform, and irregular nuclei with vesicular chromatin and distinct nucleoli. Histology showed spindled epitheliod and histiocytic cells with abundant, slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders and forming fascicles in a vague storiform pattern with interspersed T‐lymphocytes. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for histiocytic markers: CD163, CD68, lysozyme, and PU.1, as well as strongly positive for dendritic cell markers: S100 and fascin, but were negative for CD1a (Langerhans cell marker), CD21/CD35 (follicular dendritic cell markers), B‐cell, and T cell markers. This case is compared to the four hybrid histiocytic‐dendritic sarcomas reported since 1983. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rational Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism and Electrochemistry of Mixed Iron–Nickel‐Containing Wells–Dawson‐Fragment‐Based Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalates
Authors: Mbomekalle Israel M. , Mialane Pierre , Dolbecq Anne , Marrot Jérôme , Sécheresse Francis , Berthet Patrick , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis
Published: October 2009

The compound [Na2(H2O)2Ni2(As2W15O56)2]18–, Ni2As4, was synthesized and structurally characterized for the first time by X‐ray crystallography. This complex reacts with FeIII to form two new mixed‐metal sandwich‐type complexes, [Fe2(H2O)2Ni2(As2W15O56)2]14–, Fe2_Ni2As4, and [Fe(H2O)Ni(H2O)Ni2(As2W15O56)2]15–, FeNi_Ni2As4. In comparison, the synthesis of the previously reported complex [Na2(H2O)2Fe2(As2W15O56)2]16–, Fe2As4, was rationalized and improved, and the incorporation of NiII into the latter compound leads to the new mixed‐metal complex [Ni2(H2O)2Fe2(As2W15O56)2]14–, Ni2_Fe2As4. Complete characterization of these complexes by FTIR, UV/Vis, elemental analysis, magnetic measurements and X‐ray crystallography, wherever possible, clearly defined their electronic and structural properties. These complexes undergo multiple electron‐transfer processes and are effective in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite, dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Si94– Anions in Solution – Structures of the Solvates Rb4Si9·4.75NH3 and [Rb(18‐crown‐6)]Rb3Si9·4NH3, and Chemical Bonding in Si94– (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 31/2009)
Authors: Joseph Stefanie , Suchentrunk Christof , Kraus Florian , Korber Nikolaus
Published: October 2009

The cover picture shows significant parts of the crystal structures of Rb(18‐crown‐6)Rb3Si9·4NH3 and Rb4Si9·4.75NH3. On the left, the coordination sphere of the nonasilicide anion in the 18‐crown‐6‐containing compound is shown. The second structural part shows the Rb‐ammonia‐nonasilicide strands found in the crystal structure of Rb4Si9·4.75NH3. The existence of these thermally labile ammoniates demonstrates that it is possible to extract Si94– anions from a ternary solid‐state material into a liquid ammonia solution without further oxidation. This opens the door to chemical transformations of bare electron‐rich silicon clusters. The ELF picture on the left shows that no evidence for three‐center, two‐electron bonding can be found, although the Wade–Mingos–Williams rules obviously apply for the prediction of the molecular shape of the anions. Details are discussed in the article by N. Korber et al. on p. 4641 ff.