bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Residents
Authors: Bin Dahmash Abdulmajeed , Alkholaiwi Feras , Alahmari Abdussalam , Shadid Asem M. , Alharbi Abdulrahman M. , Al Hussain Omair
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Saudi Arabia are not often reported in the literature. This study aimed to identify musculoskeletal symptoms among otorhinolaryngology residents in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in May 2018 and included residents registered in the Saudi Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Board Training programme, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess musculoskeletal symptoms in addition to demographic and occupational factors, including operating position and the average number of operating hours. Results: A total of 45 residents (response rate: 68.2%) completed the survey, including 33 males (73.3%) and 12 females (26.7%). Most residents (91.1%) reported at least one musculoskeletal symptom. The most commonly reported musculoskeletal over the previous 12 months were shoulder complaints (64.4%) followed by neck complaints (60%). In the short term (i.e. within seven days preceding the survey), neck complaints were more common than shoulder complaints (28.9% versus 20%). Lower back complaints were the most common cause of activity limitation (24.4%) followed by shoulder complaints (13.3%), while those with neck complaints reported it as a cause for visiting a physician (8.9%). Hip and thigh complaints were significantly more frequent among residents with operation times of eight hours or more compared to those who operating for less than eight hours (42.9% versus 5.9%; P = 0.021). Conclusion: A high incidence of shoulder, neck and lower back complaints was found in this study. Residency is an ideal time in an otorhinolaryngologist’s career to implement programmes in ergonomic best practices before bad habits are developed.Keywords: Otorhinolaryngology; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Symptoms and Signs; Workplace; Ergonomics; Saudi Arabia.
Beliefs Regarding Waterpipe Smoking Among Iranian Men of Turkmen Ethnicity: A qualitative study conducted in Golestan Province
Authors: Sighaldeh Shirin S. , Zarghami Fatemeh , Charkazi Abdurrahman
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Waterpipe or hookah smoking has grown considerably in popularity over the past two decades; however, consumers often have misconceptions regarding this practice. This study aimed to determine common beliefs related to waterpipe smoking among Turkmen in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted between February and June 2018 in Golestan Province, Iran, utilising data from a previously published study. A total of 26 male Turkmen waterpipe smokers of different ages, occupations and education levels underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews. A content analysis of beliefs regarding waterpipe smoking was performed. Results: Five categories of beliefs were extracted during the content analysis, including beliefs related to addiction, health-related beliefs, preferential beliefs for waterpipe versus cigarette smoking, beliefs related to the social function of waterpipe smoking and beliefs attributed to waterpipe smoking. Several misconceptions were identified, including the idea that waterpipe smoking was not addictive, prevented the use of other more dangerous drugs (i.e. cannabis and opium) and was not as harmful as cigarette smoking. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Turkmen in Iran hold several misconceptions regarding the use of waterpipe smoking. Educational programmes are essential to correct such misconceptions and to control the prevalence of this habit in Iran.Keywords: Water Pipe Smoking; Addictive Behaviors; Health-Related Behaviors; Qualitative Research; Tobacco Use Cessation; Iran.
Paraparetic Variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in First 24 Hours of Postpartum Period: A case report
Authors: Aljaafari Danah , Ishaque Noman
Published: June 2020

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a diverse clinical presentation ranging from weakness of certain body regions to tetraparesis with autonomic dysfunction and respiratory failure. Paraparetic GBS is a variant of GBS which is characterised by weakness limited to the lower limbs only. It is crucial to identify such topographical presentations, as a delay in diagnosis can lead to delayed initiation of specific treatment, which can negatively impact the outcome. We report a 29-year-old female patient who presented to the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, in 2017 with rapid onset asymmetrical weakness of lower extremities associated with bladder dysfunction during the immediate postpartum period. The weakness spared cranial nerves and arms and imaging studies of the spine was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid investigations showed cyto-albuminologic dissociation and nerve conduction studies showed features of demyelination. The patient was diagnosed with a paraparetic variant of GBS and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. She had almost recovered completely at the two–month follow-up.Keywords: Paraparesis; Guillain-Barré Syndrome; Demyelination; Postpartum Period; Case Report; Saudi Arabia.
Inappropriate Laughter in a Patient with Hypothalamic Hamartoma
Authors: Al Kalbani Faris , Ahmad Faraz , Elmanzalawy Alaa , Al Futaisi Amna
Published: June 2020

MEDICAL IMAGE
Re: Revisiting the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder among Omani Children: A multicentre study
Authors: Al-Mendalawi Mahmood D.
Published: June 2020

LETTER TO THE EDITOR
1st Gulf Autism Conference: Muscat, Oman, 24–26 January 2020
Authors: University Sultan Qaboos
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTS
Improving Cognitive Development of Students by Reading Corner Program in Elementary School level
Authors: Qiftiyah Maratul
Published: June 2020

Cognitive development is one of the most important children’s development experiences.  In essence, this potential is determined at the time of conception which is influenced by hereditary factors, but this cognitive potential can also develop depending on environmental factors and the maturity of the opportunity given to determine the maximum developmental limits at the level of intelligence.  Reading is one of the most important parts of every type of learning process.  Through reading, activities would get a lot of knowledge that can lead to success.  This research aims to describe the cognitive development of students through reading corners.  This type of research is field research, using a qualitative approach to the descriptive method.  The research was carried out at SDN 02 Nusa Bakti, South Sumatra province, Indonesia.  The research subjects are teachers and students.  The data were obtained from interviews and observations.  The results showed that a fun reading corner activity as an effort to implement literacy reading movements could develop cognitive abilities of students, including students doing assimilation, and accommodation processes to achieve equilibration, and students are more enthusiastic and motivated to increase their reading interest.
The CORE Model for Improving students behavior and learning outcomes the production technology development of Social Sciences Learning
Authors: Jamaludin Gilang Maulana , Al Ghozali Muhammad Iqbal , Fauzi Rifki
Published: June 2020

Social studies subjects are one of the subjects that are not liked because the learning context is too monotonous containing memorization and readings that make the learning process saturated.  This study aims to determine the increase in social studies activities and learning outcomes in the development of production technology by applying the Connecting Organizing Reflecting Extending (CORE) learning model.  This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) or Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) method by Kemmis and Mc.Taggart models.  The results of this study were in the first cycle of student activity aspects of visual activities 71.8% (good), aspects of oral activities 69.2% (good criteria), and aspects of listening activities 77% (good).  In the second cycle, there was an increase namely the students' activities visual aspects to 83.3% (very good), aspects of oral activities 81.4% (very good), and aspects of listening activities 83.3% (very good).  For the final test results, students also experienced an increase.  The magnitude of the increase in the percentage of mastery learning from the initial data to the first cycle increased from 46.1% to 69.2%, while from the first cycle to the second cycle an increase from 69.2% to 92.3% of students who completed.  Thus, it can be stated that the CORE model can improve student learning outcomes towards social studies learning on the material development of production technology in fourth-grade students at SDN Salamjajar, Cisitu District, Sumedang region.
Learning Obstacle the Addition and Subtraction of Fraction in Grade 5 Elementary Schools
Authors: Fauzi Irfan , Suryadi Didi
Published: June 2020

The Fraction is a material that is very important for students to learn in elementary school, but various difficulties are shown by students in understanding the material, so this study will analyze the learning obstacle that appears to students in the addition and subtraction material in grade 5 elementary school.  The approach in this research uses qualitative and case study methods. The subjects in this study were 5th-grade students of Geger Kalong Girang 1¾2 elementary schools, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia with a total of 29 students.  Data was collected by tests, interviews, and documentation, while for data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions.  The results of this study indicated that students experience learning obstacles, including 1) ontogenic obstacle, which is the inability of students to understand the purpose of the problems presented; 2) epistemological obstacle, namely the inability of students to understand the concept of fractions is part of the whole and the inability of students to do the addition and subtraction of fractions, and; 3) didactical obstacle caused by the presentation of material and the teacher's way of teaching which is only informal.  This research is expected to facilitate students to understand fractions and be a development material in making teaching materials and didactic design of the addition and subtraction fractions based on learning obstacles that appear in this study.
Literacy Strengthening: A Case Study of Writing Class Program for Elementary School grade
Authors: Farkhatun Umi
Published: June 2020

The low interest in reading Indonesian students as one of the literacy skills. As an alternative solution to this, effective literacy improvement programs are needed for elementary school students.  This study aims to determine the method of child writer's class program as a program to strengthen children's literacy.  The subjects were 20 child writer class participants.  In this research, data was taken by a descriptive qualitative method.  The object was from students who have in 7th and 11th years old.  The program was done by organizes literacy activities such as seminars and writing training.  Activities in this program emphasize a percentage of 30.0% of theoretical and 70.0% of writing practice.  The results showed that the child in writing activity has strengthened literacy skills.  It was caused because they understood the program.  The program supported them to increase literacy skills especially writing.  This is evidenced by the success of the program in publishing two anthology books written by 67 young writers.
Etkileşimli Dilyapısı ve Türkçede Karmaşık Adlaşmalar
Authors: KUNDURACI Aysun
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, Türkçede karmaşık adlaşmalara
yapısal çözümlemeler sunmakta ve çok birimli, özerk bileşenli bir dilbilgisi
modeli önermektedir. Türkçede -DIK ve
-mA adlaşmaları önceki çalışmalara da
konu olmuş, anlamsal açıdan incelenmiş, +olgusal (-DIK) ve -olgusal (-mA)
olarak ayırt edilmiştir. Csató (1990) ve Taylan (1998), adlaşmaları +/- bilgisellik açısından
değerlendirerek, kip/kiplik ulamlarıyla ilişkilendirmiştir. Bu çalışma, kipsel ayrımı
desteklemekle birlikte, dayanağının farklı yapısal kurulumlar olduğunu
savunmaktadır. Çalışma, iki ayrı türetim önermektedir: yantümceleyen -DIK türü ve süreçsel adlaşma üreten -mA türü. -DIK’ı türetimsel değerlendiren çalışma, Türkçede türetimsel bir
sürecin de, zaman-görünüş-kişi içeren çekimsel süreçlerde olduğu gibi, kip
değeri kodlayabileceği sonucuna ulaşmaktadır. Ayrıca, biçimbilimsel işlemlerin
yaratıcılığı ve sözlükbirimler dışında da karmaşık/anlık çıktılar sağlayabildiği
örneklenmektedir. Dil dizgesindeki işlevsel yapıya (krş. LFG) ait sonuçlar da
vardır: Karmaşık adlaşmalar ve tümcesel işlevleri, Türkçede özne işlevinin
nesneden ve etken çatıdaki öznenin de edilgen çatıdaki özneden daha kısıtlı
olduğunu ve kip kodlamanın, bir
yapının özne içermesiyle bağlantılı
olduğunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili
Authors: ÜNAL Ercenur , BATURLAR Özge
Published: June 2020

Başkalarının zihinsel durumlarını anlama becerisi okul öncesi çağlarda hızlı bir gelişim göstermektedir. Bu makalede dilin, kavramların çocukların zihinlerinde temsil edilişi ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Bu ilişkiyi değerlendirebilmek için kişinin kendisinin ve başkalarının davranışlarına inanç, istek, niyet gibi zihinsel durumları atfetme becerileri (Theory of Mind) incelenmiştir. Özellikle dilin zihinsel durumların temsil edilmesinde gerekli olan kaynakları ne ölçüde sağladığı sorusuna odaklanılmıştır. Bu alandaki görgül bulgular dilin, zihinsel durumların temsilinde ve işlenmesinde kolaylaştırıcı bir araç görevi gördüğünü ancak zihinsel durumların temsili için bir zorunluluk olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Last-Acquired-First-Forgotten: Interpretation of Turkish Relative Clauses in Typically Developing Children and Adults with Broca’s Aphasia
Authors: ÖZGE Duygu , ÇİYİLTEPE Müzeyyen , TEKMAN Hasan Gürkan
Published: June 2020

The present study addresses whether adults with Broca’s aphasia who have damage in their Posterior Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (PLIFG) show similar performance to typically developing children in their processing of complex syntax. We tested comprehension of Turkish relative clauses using a sentence-picture matching task in Broca’s patients and children with typical development (aged: 3;04-4;03). Both groups showed better performance in subject relative clauses compared to object relative clauses. Children's similar performance to Broca's patients might be due to the fact that PLIFG is a late-maturing neural region. Our participants had more errors in object relative clauses despite the first referent was the agent so there was no evidence for the agent-first strategy. Poor performance in object relative clauses was linked to the morphosyntactic complexity in these structures.
Türkçede Bağlılaşık Yapılar
Authors: BALPINAR Metin
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Türkçedeki bağlılaşık yapıların sözdizimsel türetimi Üretici Dilbilgisi Kuramı çerçevesinde ilk kez incelenecektir. Çalışmada genel olarak şu hususlar vurgulanacaktır: (i) basit bağlılaşık yapılarda ne-öbeğini içeren bağlılaşık yan tümce, ilişkilendirildiği bağlılaşık ana tümce içindeki işaret sözcüğüne yapısal olarak mümkün olan en yerel düzende bağlanmalıdır, (ii) basit bağlılaşık yapıların üretimi için biri taban-üretimli diğeri taşıma içeren iki farklı yaklaşım mümkündür, (iii) basit bağlılaşık yapıların üretilme biçimi şartsız yapılardan farklıdır, (iv) çoklu bağlılaşık yapılarda bağlılaşık yan tümcenin ana tümceye bağlanabileceği en yerel konum işaret sözcüklerini barındıran en küçük çekim öbeğine eklentilemedir ve (v) Türkçedeki çoklu bağlılaşık tümceler taşıma içermeyen çekim öbeği eklentilemesi yapısıyla üretilebilmektedir.
Anadilinde ve İkinci Dilde Metaforik Dilin İşlemlenmesi: Öz-İlerlemeli Okuma Çalışması
Authors: ÖZKAN Sümeyra , AYGÜNEŞ Mehmet , DİKMEN Merve
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı düzeyde Metaforik anlam içeren ifadelerin (düz anlamlı ifadeler, kalıplaşmış metaforik ifadeler, yeni metaforik ifadeler ve anlambilimsel açıdan bozuk ifadeler) ve farklı bilişsel işlevleri yansıtan Metafor Tiplerinin (yön metaforları, varoluşsal metaforlar ve yapısal metaforlar) işlemlenmesinde anadili (D1) ve ikinci dil (D2) konuşucuları arasında bir işlemleme farklılığı olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde çalışmada öz-ilerlemeli okuma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada Metaforik anlam içerme açısından yeni metaforik ifadeler ve anlambilimsel bozuk ifadelerin işlemlenmesinin düz anlamlı ifadeler ve kalıplaşmış metaforik ifadelerden daha uzun sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. İşlemleme örüntüsünün ise D1 - D2 gruplarında aynı biçimde oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular metaforik ifadeler ile düz anlamlı ifadelerin paralel/eş zamanlı yorumlandığını öne süren görüşü (Glucksberg, 2003; McElree ve Nordlie, 1999) desteklemekte ve D1 açısından kalıplaşmış metaforların D2 grubu açısından yeni metafor olarak algılanabileceği görüşünü (Mashal vd., 2015; Türker, 2016) zayıflatmaktadır. Metafor Tipleri açısından ise, D1 grubunda metafor tiplerinin işlemlenmesinde bir farklılık oluşmazken D2 grubunda yön metaforlarının varoluşsal metaforlardan ve yapısal metaforlardan daha uzun işlemleme süresine sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yön metaforlarının a) hedef kavram açısından daha az kavramsal yapı sunması, b) D2 grubunun D1 ve D2’lerinde tarz özellikleri açısından farklıklar göstermesi c) D1 ve D2’de çözümlenmesinde görsel imgelerin kullanımı açısından farklılıklar içermesi gibi olası nedenlerin D2 grubunun yön metaforlarını işlemlemesinde ek bir bilişsel yüke neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
The EU Intelligence Agencies: Flawed by Cognitive Overflow
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, Malfait Milka
Published: June 2020

This article demonstrates the flaws of EU intelligence agencies the past decade in the field of counterterrorism, in particular regarding Jihadi terrorism. Since 2014 the West European countries fell victim to the violent actions of Islamic State (IS), which has a huge presence on social media, both on the surface web and on the Darknet. The goal is to outline the most important case-studies of Jihadi terrorism that were plotted and carried out by the terrorists and yet, not prevented by the classical intelligence authorities. A political analysis will explain why these attacks have not been thwarted despite the fact that most of the attackers were on the radar of the EU police and intelligence agencies. Recommendations are given how intelligence work on fighting radical Islamic terrorism can be done more efficiently, through Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial Intelligence is a game changer for risk management in intelligence as it provides the classical intelligence agencies with tools and AI solutions to identify and mitigate potential risks and prevent Jihadi terrorist attacks from the very first moment individuals start radicalizing.
The Prospect of Stem Cells for HIV and Cancer Treatment: A Review
Authors: Nujhat Tasnim Khandaker , Haque Adrita Sumiya , Hossain Shahadat , Zaman Akash Shahrukh , Sharker Shazid
Published: June 2020

Background: The news regarding the successful treatment of uncured diseases is extremely exciting. Recently, the study of stem cells has been widely considered.
Objectives: The stem cells have the potential to be converted to all specialized functional cells.
Methods: Advances in cell engineering and genetic reprogramming of the stem cells have contributed to novel approaches that may bring hope to HIV and cancer patients.
Results: In this regard, HIV patients recently received a stem-cell transplant that replaced their white blood cells with HIV-resistant versions (obtained from stem cells). However, only a few clinically successful approaches are available on new stem cells.
Conclusion: This review includes two parts; in the first section, the reader can obtain a basic idea about stem cells, whereas the second part emphasizes new opportunities and directions in translating stem cells basic research to the clinical applications.
Molecular Docking of Curcumin With Breast Cancer Cell Line Proteins
Authors: Elengoe Asita , Devi Sundramoorthy Nishalini
Published: June 2020

Background: Breast cancer is known as the most widely recognized dangerous tumors; therefore, the most common reason for mortality among all instances of harmful neoplastic illness in females. This is because the lack of specific signs and symptoms at the early stage and at the aggressive nature. Currently, breast cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy has not been effective.
Objectives: In this study, Three-Dimensional (3D) structures of caspase 3, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MADCAM1) and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B-p105 subunit (breast cancer cell line proteins) were created; and their binding interaction between proteins and curcumin through molecular docking approach were studied.
Methods: The proteins were created using Swiss model and viewed by PyMol software. The physical and chemical characters of the proteins were analysed by Expasy’s ProtParam Proteomics server. Besides that, the secondary structures of the proteins were analysed by SOPMA (Self Optimized Prediction Method from Alignment) server. After that, they were evaluated by PROCHECK, ProQ, ERRAT, and Verify3D analysis. Lastly, the breast cancer cell line proteins were docked with curcumin using BSP-Slim server.
Results: All the protein structures were good quality and within the acceptable range. The curcumin showed the binding energy with caspase 3, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B-p105 subunit at 4.140, 7.201 and 3.165 kcal/mol respectively.
Conclusion: The nuclear factor NF-kappa-B-p105 subunit had the strongest bond with curcumin. Curcumin can be potential drug for breast cancer treatment. Therefore, it can further be investigated in laboratory experiments.
The Effect of Exercise, Ozone, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy on CB-1 and GABA Gene Expression in the Cartilage Tissue of Rats With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rezaie Maryam , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali , Peeri Maghsoud , Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: June 2020

Background: Studies have reported the beneficial effects of exercise, ozone therapy, and stem cell therapy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Objectives: To reduce the duration of the treatment, we decided to investigate the synergistic effects of Endurance Training (ET), ozone therapy, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy separately or in combination on the cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB-1) and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) gene expression, as anti-nociceptive pathways in the cartilage tissue of rats with osteoarthritis.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 rats with knee osteoarthritis were divided into eight groups of 5 rats each: 1. Osteoarthritis; 2. MSCs; 3. Ozone therapy; 4. ET; 5. Ozone therapy+MSCs, 6. ET+ozone therapy; 7. ET+MSCs, and 8. ET+MSCs+ozone therapy. Knee osteoarthritis was induced through the partial cutting of internal meniscus. The endurance training program was initiated with a 30-min run on a 0-degree slope treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min in the first week that gradually reached to 50 minutes after the 8 weeks. Rats in the MSCs groups received an intraarticular injection of 1×106 cells/kg into the right knee joints. Also, ozone therapy groups were injected at a concentration of 20 μg/mL once a week for three weeks. Rats were then anesthetized 48 h after their last treatment. The Independent t test and 3-way ANOVA were used to analyze the findings (P≤0.05).
Results: ET, ozone therapy, and MSCs alone increased CB-1 and GABA gene expression in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee osteoarthritis (P≤0.05 for all). A combination of ozone therapy and ET (P≤0.05) and combination of ozone therapy and MSCs (P≤0.05) were significant in increasing CB-1 and GABA gene expression. However, the combination of ET and MSCs (P≥0.05) and combination of ET, MSCs, and ozone therapy (P≤0.05) significantly increased CB-1 gene expression.
Conclusion: It seems that ET, ozone therapy, and MSCs alone can have favorable effects on CB-1 and GABA variables. Also, the combination of ET and ozone therapy and also ozone therapy and MSCs have favorable effects on the anti-nociceptive pathway in the animal model of osteoarthritis. But further studies are needed on the combination of ET and MSCs and also the combination of ET, ozone therapy, and MSCs.
Malathion-increased Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Azam , Ahmadipour Ahmad , Soltani Motahareh , Mehdipour Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Background: Malathion (MT), an organophosphorus pesticide, induces hepatotoxicity and is associated with hyperglycemia and the development of diabetes mellitus.
Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of sub-acute exposure to sub-lethal dose of MT in the liver of diabetic rats.
Methods: Non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received MT at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day orally. After 28 days, fasting blood glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), serum aminotransferases, and liver histopathology and antioxidant status were examined.
Results: MT impaired GTT, caused alteration in histopathology of histopathology and antioxidant status of liver in non-diabetic rats. Impairment in GTT did not observe in diabetic rats exposed to MT, but histopathology changes and antioxidant status alteration was more severe.
Conclusion: Repeated sub-lethal dose of MT exacerbated hepatotoxicity in diabetes condition through further impairment in the antioxidant defense system.
Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants for Dermatological Disorders at Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Brishty Shejuti , Islam Setu Nurul , Anwar Md. Rafi , Jahan Raunak , Mia M.M.K. , Fahim Kadir Mohammad , Rabiul Islam Md.
Published: June 2020

Background: Dermatological disorders affect people in all age groups and prevail all around the globe. In this regard, medicinal plants play a significant role as they are usually the first line of treatment in dermatological disorders. Because traditional healers in Bangladesh know little about the use of plants to treat different skin diseases, we carried out an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) to explore the traditional uses for healing wounds and skin problems.
Objectives: This study aimed to list the plants employed as remedies against various dermatological disorders in CHT.
Methods: The survey was performed from January 2016 to December 2017 with fieldwork undertaken in CHT of Rangamati, Bandarban, and Khagrachari. Open-ended and semi-structured questionnaires were used for interviewing a total of 387 people comprising traditional healers, Ayurvedic/Unani drug manufacturers, and local inhabitants. A total of 56 plant species of 32 families were documented. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves. The majority of the species were shrub in nature, while paste represented their main mode of drug preparation. Most plants grew wild in forests, with some cultivated in homestead and gardens.
Results: There was remarkable diversity in the doses of different plant preparations for various treatments. The presence of identified active compounds can rationalize the conventional use of many plants to treat dermatological disorders in Bangladesh.
Conclusion: This documentation accounts for the preliminary information necessary to perform future phytochemical investigations and is vital for the conservation of these plants.
DO OIL PRICE SHOCK, AND OTHER MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AFFECT THE STOCK MARKET: A STUDY OF THE SAUDI STOCK MARKET
Authors: Alam Naushad
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: This work aims to find the type of relationship amongst the chosen variables, inflation (INF), short-term interest rate (SIR), money supply (M.S.) and crude oil price (COP) and oil price shocks represented by DUMMY respectively on the capital market of Saudi Arabia. It will also throw insight to policymaker to find factors which influence the capital market of Saudi Arabia and to take remedial measures to boost investment in the country.

Research Methodology: The relationships amongst the Saudi security market, the oil price shock, and the selected macroeconomic variables as mentioned above are determined using the Johansen test of co-integration, the vector error correction model, and the Wald test. The research employs the time series data for a period of 2009to 2016, for the study.

Findings: The results show a long-run equilibrium relationship between the Saudi stock market and the selected variables for the study. The study shows a positive association between the money supply and the stock market, but inflation, short-term interest rate, and crude oil price, the result indicates a negative relationship.

Implications: The present study can have implications for the policymaker to take corrective measures for better performance of the stock market by controlling inflation and regulating the short-term interest rate.As the findings indicate that they have a negative relationship with TASI. This paper will also help the policymaker in identifying the real cause for the decline in the value of the stock price. A good performing stock market means better economic growth and overall economic development. To diversify the economy to have an alternative to the oil-driven economy to a more balanced economy by promoting other sectors like manufacturing and tourism.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The literature review confirms that all work of oil price shock is related to its effect on the security market return. This work is different from the other study as it includes macroeconomic variables in the study, together with the oil price shocks. The study is unique from other studies as it is broader in approach, by including more variables than earlier studies which mostly included the oil price shocks and its impact on the stock market. There is no work done to investigate the joint effect of macroeconomic variables and oil price shocks on the Saudi stock market.
INCREASING THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT PROGRAMS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sutrisno  , Haron Razali
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to identify zakat programs that have been implemented by zakat institutions in the context of increasing social roles, especially to reduce poverty. This study concludes that a strategic program in the distribution of zakat to help the poor improve their welfare. Methodology: This study adopts a document analysis approach involving a series of systematic steps to review the research documents with the checking of data, interpreting them to get a deep understanding, obtaining the meaning contained, and scientific development in research. Main Findings: The implementation of the productive zakat program carried out by zakat institutions in Indonesia can reduce poverty. Almost all the funds' distribution programs carried out by zakat institutions run smoothly and have been proven to reduce poverty. The recipients of zakat who participated in the productive zakat program also showed an increment in their welfare. Applications: Zakat institutions in Indonesia can adopt productive zakat programs to reduce poverty. Besides, zakat institutions can increase their role in improving the welfare of the poor. On the other hand, the role of empowerment, primarily through the productive zakat program, can be applied in all zakat institutions in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality: The productive zakat program can be used as a model by the government as a means to improve the welfare of the community. Furthermore, the role of the zakat institution as a representative of the implementation of social care will increasingly be felt by the community, especially the needy recipients of zakat.
Steady-State Analysis and Design Methodology for Class-E2 Resonant DC/DC Converters Based on a Normalized State-Space Model
Authors: Mendonça Lucas S. , Cipriani João Pedro S. , Naidon Thiago C. , Bisogno Fábio E.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a steady-state analysis and design methodology for the Class-E² resonant DC/DC converter. The converter is represented in a normalized state-space model that is independent of specifications and real system components, like as inductors, capacitors and resistors. Analytical waveforms are obtained and can be used to design the converter. The main contribution of the paper is the development of an analysis methodology that does not separate the inverter and rectifier stages and ensures the soft-switching on both switch and diode. A step-by-step design procedure is presented, in which the real system components can be obtained based on design abacus. A comparison among theoretical, simulation and experimental results are performed based on a design example.
Robust Control Design Procedure Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Kharitonov’s Theorem with an Application for PMSMs
Authors: Borin Lucas Cielo , Osório Caio Ruviaro Dantas , Koch Gustavo Guilherme , Gabbi Thieli Smidt , De Oliveira Ricardo Coração de Leão Fontoura , Montagner Vinícius Foletto
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes an automatic procedure for robust control design applicable to power converters based on particle swarm optimization and Kharitonov's Theorem. The main benefit is to provide control gains that have a theoretical certificate of robust stability and also accomplish multiple performance criteria in a design less dependent of human-machine interaction. Regarding the particle swarm optimization, each particle represents a controller candidate whose performance is evaluated by means of an objective function, using the vertices of a polytopic model of the plant and the four polynomials of Kharitonov's Theorem. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is illustrated by means of a case study that considers the speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor subject to uncertain mechanical and electrical parameters. The designed controllers, obtained in an off-line way, yield good trade-offs between performance and robustness, as confirmed by simulation and experimental evaluations. Analyses show superior results with the proposed strategy compared to a genetic algorithm and to a design tool specialized for PID tuning, indicating its viability as an alternative for robust control design in power electronics.
Campo organizacional y cambio institucional en el Hospital Psiquiátrico del Valle entre 1956 y 1970
Authors: Sánchez Salcedo José Fernando
Published: June 2020

La construcción de un Hospital Psiquiátrico moderno en el Departamento del Valle entre 1956 y 1961 supuso importantes transformaciones en el campo organizacional y en el sistema de creencias sobre la salud mental en la región. A nivel organizacional, la Junta Directiva del Asilo logró aglutinar esfuerzos de instituciones privadas y públicas en pro del mejoramiento de la atención de los enfermos mentales. Así mismo, con el apoyo del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Universidad del Valle, cambió la praxis médica sobre la enfermedad mental e hizo del nuevo hospital, un espacio para la formación de especialistas en psiquiatría. En lo que respecta al sistema de creencias, las nuevas políticas implementadas por la OMS sobre la salud mental y el descubrimiento de nuevos tratamientos para la demencia, operó cambios profundos en los modos de entender la enfermedad. Siguiendo una línea de investigación historiográfica que utilizó como fuente el archivo administrativo del Hospital el presente trabajo describe el proceso de cambio institucional que se llevó a cabo en el Asilo, en su proceso de transición de Asilo a Hospital Psiquiátrico en Cali entre 1956 y 1960.
Partner phubbing scale: Evidências de validade e precisão
Authors: Do Nascimento Teixeira Iara , De Assis Freire Sandra Elisa
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho foi organizado em dois estudos e teve por objetivo adaptar e buscar evidências de validade e precisão da a Escala de Phubbing para Relacionamentos Amorosos (EPRA) para o contexto brasileiro. O Estudo 1 teve a participação de 233 pessoas enquanto o Estudo 2 contou com 217 pessoas, todas em algum relacionamento amoroso. Em ambos os estudos eles responderam à EPRA e à questões sociodemográficas. Os resultados do Estudo 1 foram a nível exploratório apontando a unidimensionalidade do instrumento com consistência interna de 0,96; no Estudo 2 a análise fatorial confirmatória apontou para bom ajustamento do modelo unidimensional (CFI = 0,99; TLI = 0,99; e RMSEA (IC 90%) = 0,03) com confiabilidade de 0,88. Os dados sugerem que a EPRA é adequada para uso em pesquisas futuras sobre o partner phubbing, visto sua adequação aos parâmetros psicométricos investigados em dois momentos diferentes.
Contextos de interacción educativo y desarrollo de niños preescolares
Authors: Sánchez Ríos Hernán
Published: June 2020

Este artículo establece relaciones entre el desarrollo cognitivo de 405 niños de 3, 4 y 5 años y sus contextos educativos en la modalidad Hogares Comunitarios del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (HC-ICBF). Desde el Enfoque Sistémico del Desarrollo establecemos relaciones entre indicadores de desarrollo de los niños a partir de niveles diferenciados de estrategias de inferencia en la resolución de un problema anclado a prácticas culturales específicas y los descriptores de los contextos educativos denominados HC - ICBF. Estadísticas no paramétricas, Análisis de Correspondencia Múltiples (ACM) permitieron establecer que el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños pre-escolares tiene relaciones significativas con las expectativas del cuidador al respecto de la educación de los niños. Estos datos dialogan con perspectivas en la Psicología del Desarrollo que vinculan los procesos de construcción de conocimiento a contextos culturales específicos.
¿En qué medida la adversidad temprana y la depresión explican la satisfacción de pareja?
Authors: Tapia Ana Gabriela , Olhaberry Marcia , Muzard Antonia Maria
Published: June 2020

Las experiencias adversas durante la infancia pueden constituirse en  eventos traumáticos que impactan la calidad de los vínculos y la salud mental a lo largo del ciclo vital, siendo la depresión un trastorno frecuente en quienes reportan estas vivencias. La depresión ha sido asociada positivamente a la adversidad temprana y negativamente a la satisfacción de pareja durante la adultez, pero no contamos con estudios que evalúen el valor explicativo de ambas variables en los niveles de satisfacción de pareja. Considerando estos antecedentes, se desarrolló un estudio transversal, correlacional y comparativo en 160 padres y madres. Los resultados mostraron altos niveles de satisfacción de pareja y una asociación positiva entre las experiencias adversas y la depresión en padres y madres. Las madres presentaron mayores puntajes que los padres en depresión [t(79) =4,72, p<,001] y en experiencias adversas [t(79)= 3,468, p<.001],  explicando la depresión un 53% de la satisfacción de pareja en las mujeres. En cuanto al padre, su sintomatología depresiva, sus experiencias adversas infantiles y la sintomatología depresiva de la madre, explicaron un 35% de su satisfacción de pareja.
Victimización de pares y depresión: su asociación con las autolesiones y la ideación suicida en adolescentes
Authors: Resett Santiago , Gonzalez Caino Pablo
Published: June 2020

La victimización de pares es un importante factor de riesgo para la salud mental de los adolescentes. Uno de los correlatos más graves de la victimización son las autolesiones y la ideación suicida. Pocos estudios, sin embargo, han examinado si la victimización predice las autolesiones y la ideación suicida por encima del nivel de depresión. Se constituyó una muestra de 532 adolescentes de tres  escuelas medias públicas de la ciudad de Paraná, Entre Ríos. El 41% era varón, la media de edad era de 13.8 años. Los resultados sugirieron que un 69%  era no involucrado, un 19%, víctima, un 5%, perpetrador y un 7%, ambos. Las víctimas y el grupo de ambos presentaban altos niveles de autolesiones e ideación suicida. El género introducía diferencias en las autolesiones y la ideación suicida. La victimización era un predictor de las autolesiones y la ideación suicida por encima de la depresión.
Detección del nivel de riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios de Psicología - Perú
Authors: Cárdenas Zúñiga María del Carmen , Palomino-Arpi Frida Jaqueline , Bouroncle-Faux Sandra María , Jaén-Azpilcueta Olivia Cecilia
Published: June 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo detectar el nivel de riesgo por su consumo de SPA en una muestra de 324 universitarios ingresantes a Psicología en Arequipa – Perú, siendo el 73.15% de sexo femenino y 26.85% masculino, con edades que fluctúan entre los 18 y 25 años. Se empleó para ello la prueba ASSIST elaborada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), hallando que el 33.02%, 22.53% y 10.49% alcanza un nivel de riesgo moderado en el consumo de tabaco, bebidas alcohólicas y marihuana correspondientemente; además, el 2.78% un nivel de riesgo alto en el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, concluyendo que las SPA más consumidas por dichos universitarios son bebidas alcohólicas y tabaco; que aproximadamente 1 de cada 4 tiene un riesgo moderado a alto de tener problemas por el consumo de alcohol y tabaco.

Palabras Clave: sustancias psicoactivas, drogas, consumo, bebidas alcohólicas, estudiantes universitarios.
Research on childhood sexuality: Limitations and recommendations
Authors: González Ortega Eva
Published: June 2020

Children may display behaviors and have feelings of a sexual nature. However, due to the paucity of research, society often fails to acknowledge developmentally-appropriate sexual experiences in childhood, and there is no consensus on which behaviors are normative. This review aims to describe the main conclusions of studies in this field and to analyze the gaps in knowledge, the existing methodological shortcomings, and the resulting recommendations for future research. According to findings, studies should pay more attention to thoughts and feelings related to sexuality, the children’s perspective; normative, healthy sexual expressions; and the relevant sexual socialization factors. Both direct and indirect methods, quantitative and qualitative techniques, should be combined to enhance the richness and validity of findings. The article also presents ethical tips. In conclusion, there is a need to further examine childhood sexuality from a comprehensive, ecological approach that provides an empirical basis for the development of interventions in children´s sexual health.
Editorial
Authors: Becerra Mayorga Witton
Published: June 2020

El debate entorno a lo que es literatura parece estar enriquecido últimamente por los escritores y artistas

mas no por los teóricos. Lejos están ya las juiciosas reflexiones que hicieron sobre la concepción sobre

lo literario autores como Terry Eagleton, Jonathan Culler y Aguiar e Silva. En las teorías literarias,

definir lo literario era el principal problema que parece haberse abandonado con la misma rigurosidad

que ellos lo hicieron. El número 36 de la revista La Palabra pretende replantear esta discusión desde

los trabajos de investigadores argentinos que proponen y problematizan la biografía como una práctica

literaria
The Semantic Network Approach: Opportunities and Restrictions (Example of Inflation Image in the Media)
Authors: Pashkov Stanislav G.
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on there being a need for tools that can facilitate coding and analysis processes for news reports. The study was based on a set of economic news replete with specific terms, interpretations, expertise and metaphorical description of events. In most cases it can be argued that the content of the texts is complicated, thus “classical” content analysis may require additional iterations and increased attention to the analytical procedure. The study highlights the methodological, analytical features of the semantic network approach (SNA) in comparison with the content analysis and Text Mining approaches based on analyzing six economic news items containing the terms “rising prices” and “inflation”. SNA is distinguished by simplification of large unstructured data processing with emphasis on content. The preparation and calculation of network metrics for each news report leads to the most significant concepts being reflected. That simplifies the content analysis of a larger body of texts. In several cases visualization shows different semantic positions of “inflation” being a synonym for “rising prices” depending on the topic. As an important result, regardless of the volume and visual structure of the news message, these terms can be considered as leading in the corresponding storylines that can help conduct a discourse analysis with their mention. It is assumed that this approach will become a “supporting” tool for further quantitative and qualitative analysis of news reports, particularly on economic topics. The technical features of text preparation and semantic modeling programs can be considered as potential limitations of the approach, especially in the space of Text Mining.
Highly Skilled Migrants from Post-Soviet States: Labor Mobility
Authors: Mukomel Vladimir I.
Published: June 2020

The Russian labor market is experiencing a shortage of highly skilled workers, and there is a consensus in Russian society that it is necessary to attract and utilize the labor of highly qualified foreign specialists. The key question of the article is: how much demand is there on the Russian labor market for the knowledge and experience of highly qualified migrants? What types of economic activities and occupations are typical for highly skilled migrants? What is their horizontal and vertical mobility on the Russian labor market? The article shows that highly skilled workers who come from post-Soviet states to Russia take jobs which are not in demand among Russian workers; the main types of their economic activities are trade, construction, utilities, social and personal services, and household assistance. Neither specific skills and knowledge nor qualifications of foreign workers are demanded on the Russian labor market: over 80% of highly skilled migrants work at jobs which do not require their education or qualification. Vertical labor mobility is predominantly downward, and upward mobility is quite rare (downward mobility is less typical for highly skilled migrants who have received education in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus). The empirical basis of the study was the results of sociological surveys of 1,450 highly qualified migrants from the CIS and Georgia in 2017 and 1,050 in 2011.