bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECYCLING OF MODIFIED ASPHALT SHEETS FOR AUTOMOTIVE USE
Authors: ALDAS CARRASCO MIGUEL FERNANDO , PAVON  VARGAS CRISTINA PAOLA , ACEVEDO DAVILA ANDRES FABRICIO , DE LA ROSA RAMIREZ HARRISON , VALLE ALVAREZ VLADIMIR , RIBADENEIRA ANDRES
Published: June 2021

In the present study, the recycling of modified bitumen soundproofing membranes, known as automotive-grade asphalt (ART) membranes, was carried out. The ART sheets were incorporated in the mixing stage of the asphalt mastic, which is part of the manufacturing process of new sheets. The selection of the best asphalt mastic formulation was performed at laboratory scale, where the ATR sheet cutting waste was added to the original asphalt mastic at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 % w/w percentages. The formulations were evaluated for six parameters of interest associated with softening point, rotational viscosity, density, weight per area, thickness and creep. It was determined that the properties of all the formulations studied met the minimum requirements stipulated for the commercialization of the product. The recycling process was carried out on an industrial scale using the formulation with 5% w/w of ATR residues, which presented a viscosity close to that of the original mastic. The results at industrial scale were favorable, since the six parameters of interest were within the ranges established in the regulations.
IDENTIFICATION OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AS CONTAMINANTS IN THE THERMOPLASTICS RECYCLING PROCESS
Authors: PAVON  VARGAS CRISTINA PAOLA , ALDAS CARRASCO MIGUEL FERNANDO , FERRI JOSE MIGUEL , BERTOMEU DAVID , PAWLAK FRANCISZEK , SAMPER MARIA DOLORES
Published: June 2021

In this work, the presence of biodegradable polymers in recycled plastic materials was characterized using readily available techniques. Recycled polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were studied. The contamination of these plastics with polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) was simulated using 10 wt.% of the contaminant. Fourier
transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used as characterization techniques.
In addition, the effect of aging on recycled products from PET blends contaminated with TPS and PHB was studied. The results show changes in the intensity of the FTIR spectra bands of the PS and PP blends contaminated with biodegradable polymers. By DSC, changes in the cold crystallization peak
of recycled PET are observed when mixed with TPS and PHB.
When the contaminant is PLA, the changes are masked due to
the thermal characteristics of both materials. In PS, changes
in the calorimetric curves are identified by the presence of PLA
and PHB. Contamination with PLA, PHB and TPS hinders the
processing of recycled PET after one year of storage due to the
aging of the material.
DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED ASPHALT MIXTURES UNDER THE EROSION EFFECT OF SNOW-MELTING SALT
Authors: Xue Baoyong , Yao Ping , Zou Xiaolong , Liu Qian , Zhao Yanlong
Published: June 2021

The erosion effect of snow-melting salt will degrade the durability of recycled asphalt pavement, but the damage characteristics of recycled asphalt mixture triggered by the erosion effect of snow-melting salt remain unclear. To solve the snow-melting salt-induced durability degradation of asphalt pavement, two commonly used snow-melting salts, NaCl and CaCl2, were selected to carry out the saline water immersion, salt-drying and -wetting cyclic and salt-freezing and -thawing cyclic splitting tests on recycled asphalt mixture, and the attenuation laws of splitting strengths and its damage characteristics under the erosion effect of snow-melting salts were analyzed. Results demonstrate that with the increase in soaking time, salt-drying and -wetting cycles and salt-freezing and -thawing cycles, the splitting strength of the recycled asphalt mixture maintain a declining trend, and the attenuation rate of splitting strength is elevated. The damage degree of the recycled asphalt mixture presents a nonlinear growth trend during saline water immersion, salt-drying and -wetting cycles, and salt-freezing and -thawing cycles. Under the same conditions, the damage degree after the action of NaCl solution is higher than that after the action of CaCl2 solution, and meanwhile, within the range of test concentration, the damage degree after the action of low-concentration saline solution is higher than that after the action of high-concentration saline solution. Conclusions provide a significant reference for the composition design and maintenance decisions of recycled asphalt pavement materials in cold regions.

Keywords: road engineering; salt erosion; recycled asphalt mixture; damage characteristics; splitting strength
Med Pinocchio i skole
Authors: M. Andersen Kirsten , Aaskov Iversen Rasmus , Eskildsen Jepsen Robert , Ipsen Max
Published: June 2021

Med udgangspunkt i de politiske ønsker om en læreruddannelse, der har mere praksis, analyseres og diskuteres, hvordan praksis kan kvalifi ceres. Artiklen indledes med en påstand om, at en studiemæssig kvalifi cering af praksis ikke skal drivespå afveje af akademisering, men udfordres af høj faglighed i pædagogik, fag og akademiske dyder. Herfra argumenterer vi for et perspektivskifte i forståelsen af praksis, hvor det centrale er refl ekteret arbejde med fokuseret empiri og udvikling af den studerendes dømmekraft. Med udgangspunkt i fænomenet kernepraksis gøres fokuseret empiri til ”kernen” i perspektivskiftet. Vi har valgt at fremhæve et eksempel fra praksis for at argumentere for, at en dialektisk omgang med empiri skaber en refl ekterende sammentænkning af teori og praksis. Den dialektiske arbejdsform er kendetegnet ved at være dynamisk og ved, at den udfordrer de studerendes dømmekraft ved at bringe viden, didaktik og erfaring i spil i forhold til den fokuserede empiri. Afslutningsvis foreslår vi etablering af undersøgelsesfællesskaber som rammesættende for et rum, hvor refl eksion og dømmekraft kan faciliteres. I disse fællesskaber skaber teori og praksis mulighed for at kvalifi cere empirien og dermed den studerendes praksis og faglige refl eksion. Endelig konkretiseres fokuseret empiri, som det kan tage form i et refl ekteret undersøgelsesfællesskab.
Students Preferences in Teaching Methods of Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Pech Martin , Řehoř Petr , Slabová Michaela
Published: June 2021

Entrepreneurial education (EE) has recently become popular at universities of economics almost all over the world. Various teaching methods play a very important role in the development of the future entrepreneurs. Therefore, in order for a student to become a successful entrepreneur, it is important to find the most effective tool for the teachers to support entrepreneurship education and find the ideal connection between the needs of the students and the right choice of a teaching method. There is a large gap between the needs of the business environment and university studies of this area. The research is based on 214 questionnaires, which were filled in by the students of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in 2018-2019. The aim of the paper is to find and analyse the preferences of teaching methods for students of management based on the following criteria: gender, faculty, degree of study. The students expected to be taught by active methods, e.g. experts lectures and business simulators. Differences in the use of teaching methods were the most evident among students from different faculties.
Teachers’ Organizations and Educational Reform: Resistance and Beyond
Authors: Maharaj Sachin , Bascia Nina
Published: June 2021

This paper presents case studies of teacher union-government relationships in three Canadian provinces – British Columbia, Ontario, and Alberta – where teacher organizations have undertaken divergent strategic positions relative to educational reform. It identifies critical factors that may lead teacher unions to challenge government reforms, how and when a teacher organization might instead accommodate governmental reform, and under what circumstances union renewal drives an organization to establish reform strategies of its own. The paper demonstrates the results of these varied strategies and suggests that teacher unions’ stances, including when they are resistant, are rational and, arguably, necessary.
Implementation of a Differentiated Instruction Initiative: Perspectives of Leaders
Authors: Whitley Jessica , Duquette Cheryll , Gooderham Suzanne , Elliott Catherine , Orders Shari , Klan Amy
Published: June 2021

Differentiated Instruction (DI) is a framework that supports planning for diversity within K-12 classrooms. Research has grown steadily over the past 15 years that explores DI implementation, as well as beliefs and practices. Literature to date has focused heavily on the experiences of educators, with limited attention given to the role of leadership in implementing DI in schools. The current study explores the perspectives of 19 school and board-level administrators regarding the ways in which a differentiated instruction framework was implemented within their school board as well as facilitators and barriers to the implementation and uptake of the framework. Interviews revealed five themes: a) DI continuum, b) differentiated professional learning supports, c) making space for shared professional learning, d) align/integrate/embed, and e) multi-level leadership. Our findings reflect a strong belief system of most of the participants with respect to the foundations of DI as well as an understanding of effective approaches to professional learning and school change.
Validity and Reliability of the Scale to Report Emotional Stress Signs–Multiple Sclerosis (STRESS-MS) in Assessing Abuse and Neglect of Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Morrison Elizabeth H. , Sorkin Dara , Mosqueda Laura , Ayutyanont Napatkamon
Published: June 2021

Background:

Approximately 30% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) require caregiving, with unknown prevalence of abuse and neglect. To explore these issues, we created the Scale to Report Emotional Stress Signs–Multiple Sclerosis (STRESS-MS). The objective was to develop, validate, and field-test a self-report questionnaire for screening people with MS for mistreatment.

Methods:

We developed the STRESS-MS questionnaire and administered it to 102 adults with advanced MS-related disability and 97 primary informal caregivers, correlating responses with direct observation of mistreatment, conducting an item analysis, and evaluating validity using a Longitudinal, Expert, All Data (LEAD) panel.

Results:

Most STRESS-MS subscales correlated highly with criterion-standard LEAD panel evaluations of mistreatment, with strong concurrent and discriminant validity. Nearly 53% of participants with MS reported experiencing psychological abuse; 9.8%, financial exploitation; 6.9%, physical abuse; 4.9%, neglect; and 3.9%, sexual abuse. Protective factors for people with MS included social support and older age; risk factors included depression and aggressiveness. The greatest risk factor was an informal caregiver who spent 20 or more hours per week caring for the person with MS.

Conclusions:

The STRESS-MS questionnaire is reasonably reliable and valid for detecting caregiver mistreatment in adults with MS. Although most informal caregivers are not abusive, this study highlights an underrecognized need to detect and prevent abuse and neglect of people with MS.
Tributación de las plataformas de financiación participativa no financiera
Authors: Casanellas Chuecos Montserrat
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se analiza el régimen jurídico tributario aplicable a las plataformas de financiación participativa que gestionan proyectos que no conllevan ningún tipo de rentabilidad financiera. Ante la ausencia de normativa específica sobre la materia, el estudio se ha realizado partiendo de los dos modelos de gestión que subyacen en el funcionamiento de este tipo de plataformas, así como de la naturaleza jurídica de sus titulares y de las operaciones que llevan a cabo. En este contexto, se analiza la tributación de las plataformas de financiación participativa en el ámbito de la imposición directa e indirecta y se apuntan los principales problemas que la misma plantea con propuestas que, de lege ferenda, pueden ser útiles para una futura regulación de esta materia.
SIVRAD: an integrated system for the assessment of the environmental risk from solid waste landfills - Guidelines
Authors: Rapti Dimitra , Masi Salvatore , Sdao Francesco
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the contamination of the underground resources from landfill leachates is recognised as a serious socio-economic and environmental problem in many countries. In fact, the existing not adequately controlled and abandoned sites, constitute a serious sanitary and environmental problems. The choice of the waste disposal site must necessarily arise from a rigorous study based on the joint assessment of the environmental hazard of the same plant and the hydrogeological characteristics and the degree of intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the aquifers. In the present paper an integrated system for the assessment of the environmental risk from solid waste landfills is proposed. The integrated analysis of the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system and the estimate of the intrinsic potential hazard caused by the landfill expressed in terms of danger index allow to evaluate the suitability of the sites to host a landfill and to define the reclamation priority and monitoring system for the existing landfills. As concerns new landfills, the proposed methodology could also support a better construction strategy and the protection of the surrounding environment. Finally, this methodological approach was applied in landfills located in different geological and hydrogeological contexts.
Groundwater in the Perthus Tunnel: feedback after excavation
Authors: Dematteis Antonio , Torri Riccardo , Chereau Bertrand , Ducrot Michel
Published: June 2021

This work presents the experiences gained during the construction of the Perthus high-speed railway tunnel (8.4 km long), as regards water inflow management, analysis of the impact on surface-waters and groundwater, monitoring of piezometers and water quality control, soil injections. The excavation met granodiorites, schists, diorites, gneisses, black schists and coarse river deposits (pebbles and blocks) near the north portal. Some important tectonic structures, and associated groundwater flow, were also crossed. Finally, a geothermal study on the hydrothermal springs Le Boulou, which were not impacted, is presented.
“Women Make All Things Lose Their Power”: Women’s Knowledge, Men’s Fear in the Decameron and the Corbaccio
Authors: Psaki F. Regina
Published: June 2021

Whether Boccaccio is ultimately misogynous or philogynous, he clearly scrutinizes the conventions of misogyny. This essay explores how Boccaccio explores the misogynous cliché that women share a secret knowledge which they use against the normative knowledge and power of men. In the

and the

Boccaccio uses his trademark play with voicing to highlight the masculine fear that underlies and generates misogyny as a cultural discourse.
Watching hair turn grey
Authors: Philpott Michael P
Published: June 2021

Analysing changes in hair pigmentation may lead to a better understanding of the impacts of ‘life events’ on human biology and aging.
Seroprevalencia de Brucella canis en perros de un refugio para animales de compañía en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Laverde Astrid-Jullieth , Restrepo-Botero Daniela , Hernández-Pulido Diego , Rodríguez-Bautista José Luis , Sandoval Isabel-Sofía
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El riesgo de infección con Brucella canis en humanos y perros aumenta con la exposición constante a perros portadores asintomáticos. En Colombia hay evidencia de infección con B. canis en personas que conviven con perros. Una preocupación adicional en Bogotá es la falta de información actualizada sobre la prevalencia de la infección en perros destinados a programas de adopción.Objetivo. Establecer la seroprevalencia de la infección por B. canis en perros de un refugio para animales de compañía destinados a la adopción en Bogotá.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en un refugio ara animales de Bogotá. Se detectaron anticuerpos contra B. canis en el suero de 51 perros (28 hembras y 23 machos) mediante una prueba inmunocromatográfica de flujo lateral. Asimismo, los individuos positivos se analizaron con PCR para la detección del ADN de Brucella spp.Resultado. La seroprevalencia de B. canis fue del 1,96 % (1/51). El perro seropositivo correspondió a una hembra asintomática de tres años de edad en la cual no se detectó ADN bacteriano en sangre mediante la PCR.Conclusiones. La seroprevalencia representada por un solo perro con IgG anti-B. canis puede considerarse un riesgo potencial para las poblaciones de perros y humanos, ya que podría tratarse de un animal con infección persistente capaz de diseminar la bacteria.
Leptospirosis y rickettsiosis, reto diagnóstico para el síndrome febril en zonas endémicas
Authors: Ramírez-García René , Quintero Juan Carlos , Rosado Aixa Paola , Arboleda Margarita , González Víctor Alejandro , Agudelo-Flórez Piedad
Published: June 2021

Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 50 años de edad proveniente de la región de Urabá, Colombia, con una infección mixta por Rickettsia rickettsii y Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni ST78, y pruebas negativas para malaria y dengue.El paciente presentó un síndrome febril que no mejoró con el tratamiento antibiótico sistémico y, finalmente, falleció en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El diagnóstico post mortem se hizo mediante tipificación molecular de los dos agentes etiológicos. En la inspección del domicilio del paciente, se encontró un ejemplar de Rattus rattus infectado con L. interrogans del mismo serovar detectado en él. No se encontraron garrapatas en los animales domésticos que habitaban con el paciente.Se reporta una infección mixta con síntomas clínicos progresivos y fatales en un paciente con antecedentes laborales de riesgo en una zona endémica para enfermedades tropicales, lo que obliga a tener presente la posibilidad de infecciones simultáneas en personas procedentes de áreas endémicas que consulten reiteradamente por síndrome febril sin resolución y tengan riesgo laboral relacionado con actividades agrícolas.
Aspectos biomédicos y epidemiológicos del accidente ofídico en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia, 2009-2018
Authors: Sevilla-Sánchez María José , Ayerbe-González Santiago , Bolaños-Bolaños Eliana
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El ofidismo en Colombia es un problema de salud pública, lo cual se hace evidente al examinar los datos epidemiológicos a nivel latinoamericano, pues el país ocupa el tercer lugar en número de accidentes ofídicos después de Brasil y México.Objetivo. Hacer un análisis retrospectivo de los casos de accidente ofídico ocurridos entre 2009 y 2018 en el departamento de Cauca, según los datos del Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila) registrados en el Instituto Departamental de Salud del Cauca.Materiales y métodos. Se recopiló e interpretó la información consignada en las fichas de notificación obligatoria de accidente ofídico en los 10 años de estudio. Se determinaron la incidencia y la frecuencia de accidentes según la distribución geográfica y los agentes causales, y se analizaron las variables socioeconómicas relacionadas.Resultados. Se registraron 1.653 casos y una baja mortalidad. Los géneros Bothrops y Bothriechis causaron la mayoría (77,43 %) de los accidentes, seguidos por el género Micrurus (2,9 %). La mayoría de las notificaciones procedían del sur del departamento; las personas de sexo masculino y los agricultores fueron los más afectados, con mordeduras en las extremidades superiores principalmente. Las principales manifestaciones del envenenamiento fueron las hemorrágicas, más frecuentes que la necrosis y la infección. Aunque el criterio para utilizar la seroterapia no siempre fue el mejor, las complicaciones iatrogénicas no fueron frecuentes.Conclusiones. Los municipios de El Tambo y Piamonte, las personas de sexo masculino y las áreas rurales, fueron las variables más afectadas por el ofidismo, principalmente el ofidismo botrópico. Las mayores incidencias se presentaron en la zona sur del Cauca, en las cuencas de los ríos Patía y Caquetá.
Heterogeneity of gut microbial responses in healthy household dogs transitioning from an extruded to a mildly cooked diet
Authors: Tanprasertsuk Jirayu , Shmalberg Justin , Maughan Heather , Tate Devon E. , Perry LeeAnn M. , Jha Aashish R. , Honaker Ryan W.
Published: June 2021

Background

The gut microbiota (GM) is associated with canine health and can be impacted by diet. Dog owners in the U.S. have increasingly shown an interest in feeding their dogs a mildly cooked (MC) diet. However, its impact on canine GM and health remains largely unknown.

Methods

Healthy household dogs were tracked upon switching from various brands of extruded to MC diets for four weeks. A health assessment was completed and stool samples were collected by each owner before (day 0) and after the diet transition (day 28). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed at both time points to characterize the GM.

Results

Dogs completed the study by either completing the health assessments (n = 31) or providing stool samples at both time points (n = 28). All owners reported either better or no change in overall health at the end of the study (61% and 39%, respectively), and none reported worse overall health. Defecation frequency was also reported to be lower (58%) or about the same (35%). Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis showed a significant shift (p = 0.004) in the β-diversity of the GM upon diet transition (34.2% and 10.3% explained by the first two axes). The abundances of 70 species increased after the diet change (adjusted p < 0.05), 67% and 24% of which belonged to the Lactobacillales and the Enterobacterales orders respectively. The abundances of 28 species decreased (adjusted p < 0.05), 46%, 18%, and 11% of which belonged to the Clostridiales, Bacillales, and Bacteroidales orders, respectively. Lower Lactobacillales and Enterobacterales, and higher Bacteroidales at baseline were associated with a greater shift along the PCo1 axis. Protein content of the baseline diet was correlated with the shift along the PCo1 axis (ρ = 0.67, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

Owners reported either improvement or no change in health in dogs transitioning from extruded kibble to MC diets for 4 weeks, but this report of health perception requires further exploration in a controlled trial. Diet change also led to a significant shift in the GM profile of healthy dogs. The magnitude of shift was associated with baseline GM and dietary protein, and warrants further examination of individualized responses and personalized nutrition in companion dogs. These results also support future investigation of the impact of a MC diet on health maintenance given its increasing popularity.
A review on analysis of ferrocement panels.
Authors: Nabeela M.M , Krishnan Parvathy , Prabha C
Published: June 2021

Ferrocement is a highly versatile form of reinforced concrete made up of wire mesh, sand, water, and cement, which possesses unique qualities of strength and serviceability.It displays a series of advantages compared to reinforced concrete. Now a days ferrocement is widely used in engineeringapplication due to high performance regards to the resistance to extension, resistance to impact, ductility. Numerous studies were conducted to understand the behaviour of ferrocement panels. This paper presents the review of studies conducted about the behaviour offerrocement panel under static, dynamic, cyclic loading.
Impact of dust on health of on-site construction workers –a case study
Authors: Gauri Mohan , Xavier Annie Sonia
Published: June 2021

The rate of air pollution is becoming a cause forworldwide concern because of its substantial increase. Different sources like combustion of fuels, release of smoke from industries etc are responsible for the pollution of air. The construction industry is a major contributor to air pollution in the form of dust. Most of the activities involved in the completion of a construction project contribute to the generation of dust in one way or another. There are many sources of dust in a construction site like the use of construction equipment, transportation activities etc. the dust thus generated can ill effects as well. But, the problem of dust pollution is not addressed properly mainly because of the lack of awareness in this area. Proper identification of sources of dust in sites, its health impacts etc can help generate awareness and also help in implementing control measures. This can help reduce dust pollution on site. Here, a residential building site is taken for the case study. A questionnaire survey is conducted for the workers to identify the negative impacts construction dust has and also to determine the most common dust control measures employed in site
A review on study of partial replacement of cement by metakaolin and glenium b233 in self-compacting concrete.
Authors: Fazil M Nazrin Fathima , Chithra C J
Published: June 2021

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) refers to high strength concrete which will compact under its own weight and does not require external vibration. This paper gives a review on the journals to study the effect of metakaoilnin SCC. The metakaolin is used as a replacement of cement and it is obtained from natural Kaolin clay. Metakaolin helps to increase the compressive strength, spilt tensile strength, flexural strength and also the fresh properties. The use super plasticizer greatly improves pump-ability and the slump value. GLENIUM B233 is a new generation based super plasticizer which is based on modified polycarboxylic ether. The fresh properties such as pump ability and workability and the durability properties of super plasticizer in SCC with metakaolin arediscussed.
Features of management agglomeration processes.
Authors: Pedko Irina , Pandas Anastasiia
Published: June 2021

The agglomeration process is a complex socio-economic, spatial phenomenon that requires special approaches to management. Today, agglomerations are transforming theurban environment, creating a diverse set of problems, the solution of which requires the improvement of mechanisms and the creation of new tools for managing the development of agglomerations.The theoretical aspects of agglomeration formation are considered in the article. Attention is paid to the components of the process of modern development of urban agglomerations.Peculiarities of urban agglomerations allocation and basic models of agglomeration development management are considered. Particular attention is paid to the functioning and management of recreational agglomerations.Recreational agglomerations are a special type of agglomeration formations that have special features and require a specific management apparatus. The article allows to expand the idea of the essence of recreational agglomerations, serves as the first basis for further study of its structural and functional patterns of development.
Review on properties of GGBFS and fly ash incorporated aerated concrete with filler materials.
Authors: Jinu Darsh M.S , Indu Susan Raj , Elson John
Published: June 2021

Light weight concrete has been an area of interest for a lot of researchers over the years. While reducing the weight of concrete, mechanical strength and durability should not be compromised. Use of GGBFS and fly ash as partial replacementofcementitiousmaterialhasbeenprovedeffectivefromvariousstudiespreviouslydone.Alongwiththeweight reduction, waste recycling is also an important concern for the researchers. Various waste materials like plastic particles, quarry dust, rubber powder etc. are studied for their effectiveness as a partial replacement for fine aggregates. Common issue with most of the filler materials is the strength reduction occurring with their addition. Apart from mechanical strength tests, micro structure study on the specimens will help to analyse the effect of addition of each material in detail. Keywords—Aerated concrete, GGBFS, quarry dust, rubber powder, plasticparticles.
Determining the optimum percentages of fly ash, metakaolin and copper slag by replacing cement and fine aggregate in m30 grade concrete.
Authors: Issac Stephen
Published: June 2021

The overallproduction of the cement has greatly increased whichresults lots of problems in environmentas it involves the emission of CO2 gas. Environmental concerns, stemmingfromthehighenergy expenseandcarbondioxideemissionassociatedwithcement manufacture have broughtaboutpressurestoreduce cementconsumptionthroughthe useof supplementarymaterials. Materials such as Metakaolin, fly ash have goodpozzolanicactivity andareagoodmaterialfortheproductionofhighstrengthconcrete.Copper slag is a by-product of copper extraction by smelting. Copper slag can be used in concrete production as a partial replacement for sand. However,it is expected that the use of Metakaolin, Fly ash and Copper slag in concrete improves the strength properties of concrete.
Prediction of Joint Shear Strength of RC Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Seismic loading using Artificial Neural Network.
Authors: Shreyas Alagundi , Palanisamy T
Published: June 2021

BC (Beam-column) joints are critical locations in RC frames subjected to severe earthquake attack. Failure of Joint which is of shear type is not an appreciable structural behaviour. Present study proposes an artificial neural network model for joint shearstrength of reinforced exterior BC connections. ANN is a component of artificial intelligence which mimics the human brain characteristics and learns from previous experiences and has recently gained popularity in the area of civil engineering. A dataset of specimen dimensions, material properties, Area of Reinforcement used in Beam and column and failure mode are established from past experimental investigations on BC joints subjected to seismic type loading and are used for ANN modelling. ANN model is developed with eleven input parameters to predict the Joint shear strength of Exterior BC Joints. The Proposed model is compared with the equation given in design codes and empirical formula. Proposed ANN model has predicted the shear strength more accurately. Thus the proposed ANN model can be used for Prediction of Joint shear strength of Reinforced concrete exterior BC joints subjected to seismic loading.
Biofouling impacts and toxicity of Antifouling agents on marine environment:a qualitative study
Authors: Sadan Nithi E , Akash P S , Sunil Kumar P G
Published: June 2021

Biofouling from microorganisms, plants, barnacles, mussels or algae is a major problem for marine structures. Fouling leads to increased fuel costs due to increased frictional resistance on ships, and reduces reserve buoyancy of floating offshore structure, in addition to causing cage deformation and structural fatigue, impacting endurance of materials. The intrusion of invasive aquatic species (IAS) to new environments by ships is identified as a major threat to the world’s oceans. Marine fouling affects most manmade surfaces immersed in the sea, resulting in substantial losses. Anti-fouling paints tackle this problem to a certain extent. Extensive research is in progress in the antifouling technologies in maritime sector, with new products in compliance with International Maritime Organisation (IMO) regulations being developed. The most efficient solution to minimise fouling is to make surfaces unsuitable for settlers, coating them with Antifouling (AF) Paints containing toxic compounds. Most AF agents had Tributyltin (TBT), and has been phased out by IMO since 2008 due to harmful effect on environment.  However, use of TBT in AF paints is not prohibited, though has been restricted in several countries. The environmental problems by biofouling and toxicity of existing and alternative Anti-Fouling techniques are reviewed in this paper. Further, various ship hull cleaning technologies commercially available including afloat cleaning are also introduced.
Building integrated photovoltaics-an overview
Authors: Kurian Jibi , Karthi Lathi
Published: June 2021

From the older concept of photovoltaic installation, which includes the addition of solar panels to a building’s roof, the construction technology has merged with the photovoltaics technology. The result is Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), in which integrating the architectural, structural and aesthetic component of photovoltaics into buildings. Building integration of photovoltaics (BIPVs) has been recognized worldwide as a pivotal technology enabling the exploitation of innovative renewable energy sources in buildings, acting as electric power generators within the new framework of smart cities. The standard semitransparent photovoltaic (PV) modules can largely replace architectural glass installed in the building envelopes such as roofs, skylights, and facade of a building. Their main features are power generation and transparency, as well as possessing a heat insulating effect. PV glass shows the same mechanical properties as a conventional, architectural glass used in construction. Additionally, it provides free and clean energy. Given these properties, PV Glass maximizes the performance of the building’s envelope. The cost of the PV system and its implementation is still significantly high in comparison to solar thermal systems.
A review on strength characteristics of concrete incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash.
Authors: Shahin Fathima , Sangeetha S
Published: June 2021

Sugarcane bagasse ash is anoffshootof sugar factories found after burningofsugarcane bagasse which itself is found after the extraction of sugar from sugarcane. The disposal of this material causesenvironmental problems surroundingsugar factories. Sugarcane bagasse ash is rich in silica that can play the role of an effective pozzolana which leads to improve pozzolanic reactions resulting in better performing building materials. Light weight concrete can be prepared from low density bagasse ash. Surface reactions are improved due to its high specific surface area. Some percentage of cement is replaced with bagasse ash to determine the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete mix.Compressive strength of the concrete can be improved tremendously on later stages of addition of bagasse ash.Incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash in concrete can further alter theother variousperformance of concrete.
Sustainable coastal tourism-an overview
Authors: Senthilkumar R
Published: June 2021

An elementary theory of sustainable coastal tourism mainly depends on the crystal clear water, healthy ecosystem, and well preserved coastal environment. Coastal tourism has drawn worldwide attention and has become extremely competitive as everybody tries to increase their profit in terms of beach visitors, both domestic and international [Joseph, and Pakkeerappa,2015]. Usually, any coastal area growth is always looked at from a business perspective, while the environmental aspect is mostly neglected. This strategy leads towards impractical beachfront development, which has different negative ramifications, on the climate and society. It is uneconomical as it destroys the actual ecological structures, such as the beach scenery, the biodiversity, and the biological system in the ocean and on the land. Also the travel industry exercise at the seaside territory destroys the beach. This study summarizes environmental impacts of coastal Tourism and the sustainable options to make it eco-friendly. The sustainable solutions were suggested for better coastal conservation. Also the study points out the future crisis pertaining to the latest Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 2020 by the government of India.
Seismic behaviour of post-tensioned concrete shear wall: a review.
Authors: Benoy Sneha , Joseph Asha
Published: June 2021

Shearwallsarespecificallymeanttowithstandlateralforcesexertedbyeitherwindorearthquakeloadson astructure.Duetotheirsuperiorstrengthandstiffness,shearwallshavebeenanintegralfeatureofmid-riseandhigh-rise structures over the past two decades. Various studies have been performed in this field. Usage of post-tensioned tendonsinthetraditionalshearwallisoneofthemajoradvancementsinrecenttimessoastoincreasethestiffnessand reduce the damage incurred by destructive earthquakes. The key advantage of post-tensioned shear walls is the potential to re-centre after a devastating earthquake which is lacking in conventional reinforced concrete (RC) shear wallsthatrelyonyieldingcreatinglargedeformations.Moreover,comparedwithconventionalshearwallconstruction, post-tensioned shear walls can reduce the use of vertical mild steel reinforcement. This results in materials being used more effectively and eliminates congestion. This paper seeks to review and analyze the research studies based on post-tensioned shear wall focusing on works published within the last decade. Firstly, the benefits of using post-tensioned shear walls in seismically active areas are illustrated. The behaviour and parameters controlling the performance of post-tensioned shear walls are then studied. A critical study of the factors responsible for the performance of post-tensioned shear wall is the primary objective of thisreview
A feasibility study to produce biodiesel from date seed oil by using trans- esterification process.
Authors: Aziz AL-Hasni Athraa Aziz Saif , Satyanarayana S.V.
Published: June 2021

There is a need to produce renewable energy resources to reduce the gap between supply and demand. The renewable energy can be generated from various kinds of resources like vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is one of alternative energy resources that can be an appealing option to solve many of global and environmental issues and crises. Production of biodiesel from several types of vegetable oils has become a promising option. The aim of this technical project is to produce biodiesel from date seed oil. The date seed oil is extracted from the date seeds. The date seed is mixed with methanol in 1:3 ratio in presence of catalyst. The mixture was kept in a hot air oven at 55 -60 degrees centigrade for six hours. The Trans esterification process produced a glycerol and methyl ester which is the biodiesel. The glycerol settled down due to its high-density and the upper layer was biodiesel (methyl ester) due to less density. The mixture was separated using a separating funnel. The biodiesel was purified by recovering methanol by using rotary evaporator. The biodiesel produced from date seed oil is analyzed for the viscosity, density, the calorific value was also obtained, and the Flash and Fire point was performed, determine the functional elements of biodiesel using Gas Chromatography. It was observed by gas chromatography analysis that the produced biodiesel contains nearly 70% of methyl ester which is a main component of biodiesel. The density of produced biodiesel was 0.895 g/cm3.The standard biodiesel density is 0.85 g/cm3. The results were compared with standard biodiesel values. Also, the produced biodiesel has been compared with the quality of standard biodiesel. The project yielded better results.

Keywords: biodiesel, date seed oil, flash point, Trans- esterification.
An Intensive Review on Using Translucent Concrete as Energy Efficient Source on Green Buildings
Authors: George Elba Helen , Rajul Alka Ann
Published: June 2021

Green buildings are constructed mainly using sustainable materials which create healthy environment inside the building by reduced product emissions. The introduction of the translucent concrete into green buildings created a new innovation in sustainable construction. The ability to introduce refined natural lighting whereas maintaining privacy provides large environmental benefits additionally to its aesthetic ones, as well as reducing the cost of heating and lighting. The aim of the paper is a detailed study on the current status and past studies in the area of translucent concrete. Anyway, this new building material is in its developing stage and it has a wide scope in the future.

Keywords: Energy savings, Green buildings, Light transmitting characteristics, Optical fibers, Sustainable construction, Translucent concrete.
Review on sponge city construction for flood management
Authors: Femin Maria IX , George Elba Helen
Published: June 2021

Due to the global climate change and the rapid progress of urbanization, the frequent occurrence of flooding disasters and severe pollution seriously threaten the sustainable development of modern cities. To solve these problems, China first started the construction of the ‘Sponge City’. Sponge city can improve city’s ability to adapt to the environment change and to cope with floods; it can also make them more sustainable. It was not only meant for urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, ecological restoration of urban land and water quality improvement. The rainfall received in 2020 in Hyderabad of India, has been the highest for the month October in a century. The risk is going to increase year after year in the whole nation. So India too needs a mission that mitigates flood risk and provides a pathwayto water security. And the most promising solution across the world at this time can be the idea to adopt Sponge city construction. Improper research in this field will lead to huge maintenance difficulties and other related problems. This paper mainly focuses on presenting the concepts of sponge city construction along with its pathway. Not only does it focus on Sponge city’s benefits, but also its challenges are also stated, which leads to better understanding about its scope of continuing for future.
Development of lake conservation.
Authors: Varghese Renny
Published: June 2021

ThecityofBengaluru,onceknownastheGardenCityofIndiaand theCityofLakes,hasnowtransformedinto theSiliconValleyofIndia.Thistransformationhashappenedoverthelastfewdecadesandhascausedmajorchangestothe City’s landscape. One if the important issues the city faces today is the scarcity of water. Researchers owe this issue to the depletion of lakes due to high pollution levels, encroachment and dumping of solid waste in the lakes. The neighborhood Bannerghuttaislocatedinthe SouthernpartofBangaloreMetropolitanRegion,whichisindevelopingstagesandhandful of lakes are found and comes under Minor Irrigation Department. The project focusses on Safeguarding the lake and transforming buffers into public recreational areas with functional strips of riparian vegetation. Safeguardingoflakeensuresthehabitedofthat area is preserved and protected. The transformation of lake buffer zones into public recreational spaces ensures the areato be free of any buildings that might otherwise be built on this land. Also, bringing in the public into the space would allow increasedpublicinvolvementinthelakescampaignandwouldensurebettermaintenanceofthefunctionalpartsofthelake. A recreational space is perceived as a destination and would add value to the place.
A review on use of recycled municipal and construction solid wastes for manufacturing sustainable construction materials
Authors: Tom Taneya , George Elba Helen
Published: June 2021

Huge amount of wastes are being generated, and even though the incineration process reduce the mass of wastes to a large extent, large amount of residues are still remain. The sustainable development of the system should decrease the waste-to-energy ratio continuously through the planned reuse of materials. This paper reviews the existing studies on recycling municipal and construction solid waste for the manufacture of Geo polymer composites. The principal findings of this work reveal that municipal and construction solid waste could be successfully used into Geo polymer composites as an alternative in the forms of precursor, aggregate, additive, reinforcement fibres, or filling material. Additionally, the results indicate that although the inclusion of such waste might depress some attributes of Geo polymer composites, proper proportion design and suitable treatment technique could solve these detrimental effects. Finally, a brief discussion is provided to identify the important needs in the future research and development for promoting the utilization of solid waste materials in the forthcoming sustainable geo polymer industry. In summary, this work offers guidance for a greener approach to building – scoring favourably in environmental performance for being relevant to resource conservation, landfill diversion, and waste recycling.

Keywords: Construction materials, Geo polymer composite, Municipal solid waste, Construction solid waste, Sustainability.
Effect of glass thickness on performance of double slope inward solar desalination still for fresh water production
Authors: Sivakumar C.K. , Robinson Y. , Saravanakumar K.
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the effect of thickness of glass material which covered on double slope solar desalination still, performance of the solar still affected by thickness of the glass, which result in to major heat losses in the system. Two inward double slope desalination still with different glass thickness were designed, constructed and experimentally tested their performance. The glasses are inclined 200 from the center of the still. The solar energy collecting area of still is 1m2.The result shows that the variation in glass thickness will affect the efficiency of the still, desalination still with 4mm thickness gives 48% higher fresh water productivity compare to 6mm glass thickness.
Demolished building waste management: a review.
Authors: Kumar Anjali Sanil , Shajan Sethulakshmi Sanitha
Published: June 2021

Construction and demolition waste are the major issue as a direct consequence of increased global urbanization. It impacts the environmental efficiency of the construction industry, contributing to 35% of the global landfill. This research considersthe two main fundamental factors affecting the demolished building waste management, which are the management hierarchy including the 3R strategiesand the project life cycle and management tools. The inappropriate treatment and disposal of Construction and demolition waste give rise to the environmental pollution, land price, and natural resource consumption. This paper scrutinizes the concept of Construction and demolition waste management and review the extant studies in the managerial areas of Construction and demolition waste. These findings are aimed at clarifying the current and future practices of Construction and demolition waste management practices with an understanding for the sustainable governance.
Comparative Assessment of Livelihood Vulnerability of Climate Induced Migrants: A Micro Level Study on Sagar Island, India
Authors: Bera Aparna , Kumar Singh Dr Suraj
Published: June 2021

The effects of climate change are causing large scale human displacements over the past few decades. Climate refugees are putting the biggest challenges to the geophysical biological and social system all over the world. This paper attempts to assess and compare the vulnerability of the climate-induced migrants and regular settlers of selected mouzas of Sagar Island, south 24parganas, India. People are witnessing their lands vanishing under their feet in these constantly sinking and shrinking deltaic estuaries of Sundarban. Findings of LVI and LVI-IPCC analysis indicate that the climate-induced migrant communities are more exposed to climatic variability due to the poor adaptive capacity. Moreover, poor access to food, water, health facilities is making them extremely vulnerable with lower resilience as these mouzas are facing frequent flooding, severe coastal erosion, embankment breaching and higher storm surge on annual basis. The outcomes of this study could be beneficial ineffective on-site risk management and planning propositions.