bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Separation and Determination of 12 Kinds Phenolic Acids and Isoflavone in Iris Pseudoacorus Based on Ultra-performance Convergence Chromatography
Authors: Qing-Qing Zhu , Nian-Lai Chen , Run CHU , Qiang-Qiang Miao
Published: November 2019

A method was developed for the rapid separation and determination of 12 kinds phenolic acids and isoflavones in Iris pseudoacorus based on Ultra performance convergene chromatography. The compounds were separated on a Waters Acquity UPC2 HSS(100mm×3. 0mm,1. 7μm) column at 30 °C by using CO2 and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 4mL/min, and then analyzed by a UV detector at wavelength of 270nm, the whole analysis progress was only 36 min. The results showed that the limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 12 compounds were between 0. 051 and 0. 18 μg/mL, and 0. 19 and 0. 63μg/mL, respectively. The spiked recoveries were between 95. 81% and 98. 73%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were between 3. 20 and 4. 77(n=6). This method is simple,fast,accurate and reproducible, and the result is reliable. The method is applicable for the determination of 12 phenolic acids and isoflavones in Iris pseudozcorus.
The review of transcriptome sequencing: principles, history and advances
Authors: Zhang Haotian
Published: November 2019

A transcriptome is a collection of RNA transcribed from a particular issue or cell at a certain developmental stage or functional state. Studies of transcriptomes could reveal gene function and gene structure, and promote our understandings on specific biological processes and molecular mechanisms. Transcriptome sequencing, or RNA-seq technologies, allow efficient transcriptome measurement and empower transcriptome research, by subjecting RNA-derived to high-throughput sequencing analysis. In recent years, a variety of improvements on RNA-seq methods have emerged, spanning from the acquisition of target RNA, the fragmentation of RNA, the synthesis of cDNA, and the sequencing methods, to meet the needs of different occasions and conditions. In addition, single cell RNA-seq method has been developed to better characterize the transcriptomes of various cell types in biological tissues and reveal the heterogeneity of gene expression between cells. This article focuses on the principle, development, and application of RNA-seq technologies, and elaborates on various up-to-date RNA-seq improving methods.
Evolutionary Game of the Influence of Knowledge Hidden on the Formation Process of Interactive Memory System
Authors: Lei Hongzhen , Liu Chao , Sun Junna
Published: November 2019

Based on the formation stage of organizational interaction memory system, an evolutionary game model of interactive memory system considering two-party group strategy is constructed. The results show that: group initial strategy ratio, the cost of changing knowledge attitude, knowledge hiding excess utility and the risk coefficient that resists the change of knowledge attitude has a significant impact on the evolutionary strategies of both players. To develop a suitable interactive memory system, we must focus on the above factors.
Signalling Game of Online Store Quality Based on Service Recovery
Authors: Hong-zhen Lei , Hong-hong Zhang , Di LU
Published: November 2019

Changing attitudes of consumers shopping, online shopping has gradually become the mainstream. However, because of the characteristics of online shopping, there is information asymmetry in the process of trading, which makes it hard for customers to identify quality of online stores, causing a series of service failure. To solve this problem, this study regards the online store and customers as the game sides, and the level of service recovery as a signal, and establishes a signalling game model, under the three different relations of the two types of online store service failure probabilities, three Bayesian Equilibria of signal game is analyzed, and the only existence condition of the separating equilibrium is given respectively in three situation, and the countermeasures of online stores and customers in the case of information asymmetry are obtained.
Transmission line image defect diagnosis based on YOLOv3 and SNIPER cascade lifting algorithm
Authors: Liu Guangxiu , Li Zhenyu , Sun Xiaobin , Tian Yuan , Li Min
Published: November 2019

Deep learning classifies information and combines the underlying features to form more abstract high-level features. Its ability of autonomous learning also provides favorable conditions for industrial application. Aiming at the problem of insufficient performance of current small target detection, this paper proposes a deep learning algorithm using One-stage fusion two-stage. The influence of background noise on network training is reduced. The algorithm combines multi-scale training methods and achieves sample equilibrium adjustment based on sample distribution and stratified sampling. The high efficiency of YOLOv3 method for large target detection is well used, and the multi-scale training advantages of SNIPER algorithm are also played out, which makes the intelligent detection effect of pin defect of transmission line get some performance improvement.
Research on the Control Principle of “Four Wheels and Hexapod” Robot System
Authors: Xu Fenghui , Jia Yongxing , Guan Xueshuai , Sun Tiquan , Gong Jing , Wang Shuo
Published: November 2019

A set of “four-wheeled and hexapod” deformable robotic system, which can be remotely controlled and highly integrated, has been designed and implemented. It consists of a four-wheeled robot body, a hexapod robot body, a control system and a control terminal of computer. The sensor module and camera mounted on the robot can collect environmental information and transmit it to the control terminal by wireless communication. The “four-wheeled hexapod” robot is controlled remotely to complete the deformation, search and rescue and other related operations by the control terminal. With the great characteristics of low power consumption, low cost, high scalability and high portability, the implementation can also have a significant effort on tasks such as detection, search and rescue, and transportation of materials in a complex rescue environment.
Consumer Experience in Tourist Campsites of China---Based on ASEB Grid Analysis
Authors: Liu Hu , Xie Jitao , Wei Jinchan
Published: November 2019

From the perspective of ASEB grid analysis, this paper explored the tourist experience of the camp consumers with the tourist camps as the carrier. ASEB analysis method was used to design the questionnaire from four aspects of activity, environment, experience and income. Online network survey and off-line field survey were combined to conduct questionnaire issuance and data analysis in order to construct the development strategy matrix of tourism camps. Results show that there are more male than female consumers in the camps. Word-of-mouth recommendation has become the main channel for tourists to obtain information. Most of the consumers in the camps are in the initial stage of consumption for the first time, and these consumption have multiple motivations. The choice of travel modes and places is mainly manifested in inter-provincial self-driving travel with family and friends. Combining with the unique characteristics and development status of tourist camps, this paper puts forward development strategies and suggestions for the development of tourist camps, and strives to achieve sustainable development of tourist camps.
Risks Analyses and Control Measures of Deep Peak Shaving for the 1000MW Ultra-Supercritical Unit
Authors: Zhang Leying , Shen Zhiyong , Mao Yinghua
Published: November 2019

Influenced by economy, policy and other aspects, it is often necessary to carry out deep peak shaving at low load for large-capacity thermal power units in order to flexibly adapt to the power supply demand of power grid. Safety risks increases obviously in deep peak shaving operation, but it can be lowered to a minimum through reasonable operation adjustment to ensure the safe operation of units. Based on the operation experience, the potential safety risks of deep peak shaving for the 1000MW ultra-supercritical unit are analyzed, and the corresponding control measures are worked out.
Power Dispatching Network Attack Identification by XGBoost
Authors: Wang Yan , Sun Mingyu , Ning HU , Sentao LIU , Juncheng SI
Published: November 2019

Power dispatching network is a core of cardinal significance, which always suffers from the network attacks from both inside and outside of the local-area network. The network attack detection process must perform tremendously good, or will disturb the normal business traffic. This paper proposed an automatous method to inspect the net traffic and identify the abnormal traffic only by analyzing several signals rather than probing the network traffic packet.
Effect of Iris pseudacorus L. on polysaccharide composition and microcystins content of Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Chen G Y , Li Q S , Zhu M L
Published: November 2019

The present study aimed to explore the feedback mechanism of M. aeruginosa under the stress of I. pseudacorus L.. by determining the polysaccharide composition and microcystins (MCs) synthesis and release of M. aeruginosa through co-cultivation of I. pseudacorus L. and M. aeruginosa. The results of our investigation and observation have shown that, under the stress of 20 or 40 g/L of I. pseudacorus L., the contents of intracellular and extracellular MC-LR, and the intracellular polysaccharide (IPS), the bound extracellular polysaccharide (bEPS) of M. aeruginosa increased at first and then began to decrease gradually afterwards. And the maximum contents were (71.03±10.20) fg/cell, (0.66±0.07) fg/cell, (1.84±0.10) pg/cell, (1.11±0.11) pg/cell and (70.33±8.62) fg/cell, (0.64±0.10) fg/cell, (1.74± 0.17) pg/cell, (0.90± 0.12) pg/cell. I. pseudacorus L. had an adsorption-enrichment effect on MCs. The content of MC-LR in the roots were (8.37±1.58) ng/g and (4.33±1.31) ng/g when I. pseudacorus L. was 20 or 40 g/L, respectively.
Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose using ultrasonic assisted autohydrolysis
Authors: Risnasari I , Herawati E , Yunasfi  , Pandiangan S D , Adelina P
Published: November 2019

Cellulose is a biopolymer whose availability is abundant in nature. In its development, cellulose is widely used in the form of nanocrystalline cellulose because it has better properties than the original material. The method commonly used to produce nanocrystalline cellulose is acid hydrolysis. In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose was produced through a method of modification of acid hydrolysis with hydrothermal treatment by autoclave, then ultrasonic treatment was conducted. The results of nanocrystalline cellulose were analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), scanning electron microscope-energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDS), Fourier-transformed infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
TEMPO-mediated oxidation cellulose pulp modified with Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
Authors: Masruchin N , Kurniawan Y D , Kusumah S S , Amanda P , Suryanegara L , Nuryawan A
Published: November 2019

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was conjugated onto cellulose microfibrils (CMF) by the reaction in acetone solvent at the presence of triethylamine and paratoluene sulfonyl chloride. Results showed that the thermal decomposition of CMF-MSG slightly decreased to lower temperature decomposition confirmed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) after MSG was present on CMF surfaces which was confirmed by the reduction of intensity in carboxyl groups bands under infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) observation. After drying, CMF-MSG was agglomerated, and the color of CMF after modification turned from white into light-brown. This study provides another way to modify nanocellulose with cheap and edible chemical reagent using monosodium glutamate. The modified cellulose probably could be applied in copper (Cu) detection paper kit at mining extraction.
Design and fabrication of integration of organic-inorganic waste pyrolysis equipment
Authors: Sigalingging R , Susanto E , Panggabean S , Munte K I J
Published: November 2019

Rice husk is the major by-product of the rice-milling industries and is abundantly available in Indonesia. The study focused on the design and fabrication of integration of organic and inorganic waste pyrolysis equipment as an effort in finding the utilization of heat waste of rice husk burning to convert plastic to be oil fuel. It is an alternative solution to increase energy efficiency and convert waste plastics into a resource. The reactor was used to process 3,000 g plastics and around 11,000 g rice husks per batch. The result showed that temperature around 83-705 °C at rice husk reactor and 151-201 °C at waste plastics reactor continuous process. The pyrolysis process of 3,000 g plastics (gunny bags) was completed in 360 minutes to produce 54.33 g of fuel. This fact shows that the pyrolysis process of plastics can produce fuel at 151 °C in the reactor. Test result showed that the equipment was functional with the equipment’s effective capacity of oil production (ml hour-1) of 49.93; oil conversion efficiencies were 1.81 % (plastic) and 1.87 % (rice husk); waste reduction efficiencies were 27.78 % (plastic) and 76.91 % (rice husk), while oil recovery was 22.43 ml oil kg-1 (waste plastic) and 18.95 ml oil kg-1 (rice husk).
Behavioral changes of powderpost beetle, Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae): responses on female extract
Authors: Kartika T , Shimizu N , Yoshimura T
Published: November 2019

Powderpost beetle, Lyctus africanus, is a common dry wood pest in the tropical region. The insect pest damages wood by converting the wood into powdery frass. The damaged wood is created by larvae of L. africanus which digests the starchy wood part into powdery form. The powdery form developed in exit holes from which Lyctus emerges is an indicator of an active infestation. However, the presence of frass could be detected in the delayed period. Developing prevention of Lyctus entrance into the wood is crucial to minimize the losses. Monitoring the Lyctus infestation regularly, as chemical communication practice, leads to green technology in the pest control system. The chemical communication in Lyctus beetle was identified as the pheromone detected in male Lyctus beetle. In contrast, the female crude extract was observed to show none of the attractant behavior. In this study, the activity of female crude extract of Lyctus on the behaviour of the beetle was observed. The extract was from hexane washed of newly emerged female beetle for 24 h. Chemical analysis by GC-MS indicated dominancy of hydrocarbon compounds in the female crude extract. Purification of the hydrocarbon fraction was then conducted in SiO2 column with hexane solvent. Then, a preference test of the compounds against both male and female beetle was supervised in the Petri dish method. Result of the preference test indicated a repulsion behavior of both female and male beetles. Furthermore, the purified compound increased the repulsion behavior of Lyctus beetle. The hydrocarbon is suggested as a specific compound of female beetle which alters the behaviour of Lyctus beetle.
The fires of identity politics: North Sumatra gubernatorial election of 2018
Authors: Simanihuruk M , Sitorus H
Published: November 2019

This article describes identity politics in the recently passed Pilgubsu [North Sumatra Gubernatorial Election] of 2018. Identity politics is based on the interests and perspectives of certain groups. It is experiencing a rising tide both at global and national levels because of: (1) the collapse of the utopian socialism or the so-called end of history; (2) democracy and capitalism gave birth to inequality and secularism; and (3) democracy was hijacked by the alliance of rulers and entrepreneurs (post-truth politics). This study used a qualitative paradigm by analyzing print and online media including social media, while in-depth interviews were not completed. Pilgubsu’s political space was full of the sentiments of SARA (Tribal, Religious, Racial, and Inter-group). These basic identities mainly appear during the campaign period, although it has also been amplified since the declaration. Tribal identity appears in the declaration of support for clan associations and ethnic associations. Religious identity is more prominent in fiqh takfiri and theological basis of legitimacy in choosing same-religion leaders whereas inter-groups emphasize the issue of indigenous and non-indigenous locals, including Javanese and non-Javanese.
Socio-cultural-based coffee management in Karo Regency
Authors: Harahap R H , Humaizi
Published: November 2019

Specialty coffee is the one which is referred to specific coffee due to its high quality and its production process which has been certified. The objective of this study was to analyze how far the coffee plant cultivation was redeveloped in Karo Regency, why the Karonese farmers did not grow specialty coffee and what socio-cultural factors influenced it. The result of the research showed that coffee growers in Karo Regency grew coffee because they followed the market trend, the rising price of coffee. However, they still grow coffee traditionally such as preparing seedlings by themselves, not doing fertilizing and trimming, not planting shade trees, selling their coffee in the form of coffee green beans and cherries since they need cash quickly and coffee high price. They do not dry, process, roast, store, and standardize thecoffee powder packaging. It is recommended that the coffee growers in Karo Regency change the pattern of cultivation and post-harvesting to keep coffee productivity and price high and sustainable.
The prediction of rainfall events using WRF (weather research and forecasting) model with ensemble technique
Authors: Sofiati I , Nurlatifah A
Published: November 2019

The research of ensemble technique has become popular in recent years, which can produce probabilistic predictions of rainfall on a short or medium scale. Prediction ensemble is a model formed by combining the predictive system model; the models used was member. This study aims to analyse the ability of the ensemble method in predicting rainfall events in Cilacap (07°45’ S, 109°02’ E) and Denpasar (08°37’ S, 115°13’ E). Data processing used ensemble equation; its ensemble member consisted of four members of running model WRF-ARW every cycle (00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC). In general, during the period of July 1 to 20 and February 1 to 20, 2016, the results of the models both single model and ensemble technique show that the model underestimate in predicting rainfall. Nevertheless, the single and three models of ensemble prediction methods estimated dry conditions very well but failed to predict the event of heavy rain. There were supported by the plot curve of the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve as a completely indicating that the three ensemble techniques performed the same results in all regions, none of them gave many different predictions between ensemble techniques and other ensemble techniques. The usual weighted or ensemble mean method produces almost identical rainfall predictions.
Change in rainfall per-decades over Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Avia L Q
Published: November 2019

The frequency of hydro-meteorological disasters (climate and weather-related) in Indonesia has continued to increase in the last ten years. Java Island is the region with the highest disaster occurrence in Indonesia. The CMAP (the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation) rainfall data for the long time period 1981-2016 was used in this study. While the in situ data was used for verification of CMAP data. The rainfall is one of the main parameters that affects the climate in Indonesia. A study using this long-term data has been done to investigate the changes of rainfall occurring in Java Island per-decade. The results showed that the annual rainfall pattern appears to be almost the same during the all periods (period I, II, III and IV), but the intensity of the annual rainfall changes significantly. While the real changes are also seen in seasonal rainfall patterns and their intensity on Java Island. These changes indicate that the average rainfall in period IV is higher than period I, II and III. Likewise, the early of the dry/rainy season and the length of the season appear to be shifting in six locations from seven locations of case studies conducted. The CMAP data is quite well as alternative data in climate-related research because it has a good verification of in situ data.
The distribution of non-timber forest products in the protected areas (case study at PT Toba Pulp Lestari concession)
Authors: Azhar I , Nasution Z , Delvian  , Agussabti  , Riswan  , Sidabukke S , Sianipar M , Srena MF
Published: November 2019

The protected areas in the concession of PT Pulp Toba Lestari (TPL) is allocated mainly for maintaining the high-value conservation areas. Since the areas areadjacent to the local community which has long time accessed and utilized non-timber forest products (NTFPs), it is necessary to take forest management efforts to ensure a sustainable protection function while the needs of the community around the forest are fulfilled wisely. One of the critical parts of forest management is to define the distribution of NTFPs clearly to allow effective governance of natural forest area. A stratified systematic sampling survey was applied to find the type of NTFP and its location within the protected areas for each estate. GIS technology was used to map the distribution of NTFPs.26.67% ofincense was most widely distributed by in the Germ-Plasm Protection area of Aek Nauli Estate, and 20.00% was in the Riparian zone area of Habinsaran Estate. At the pole growth stage, 20,00% of incense was often found in the Green Belt area of AekNauli Estate, and 28.00% was in the Buffer Zone area . Rattan is widespread in the all the type of protected areas in Tele Estate. It was mostly found in Germ-Plasm area (100.00%) followed by the Riparian Zone area (95.00%) and Biodiversity area (92.26%). Aek Nauli Estate was the second best place to find rattan in the Green Belt area (82.86%) and the Riparian zone area (76,00%). Sugar palm and bamboo were not distributed well and 17.14% of them were mostlyfound in the Green Belt area of Aek Nauli Estate.
Analysis of vegetation diversity at Salib Kasih tourism area of Simorangkir Julu Village, North Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Hartini K S , Silitonga I L
Published: November 2019

Salib Kasih tourism area is a prime religious tourism area in North Sumatra which is located in the forest area of Simorangkir Julu Village, North Tapanuli Regency. Structure and composition of vegetation in this area are not widely known, while Salagundi (Roudholia teysmanii) only found on this area. Generally, people only see pine as the main component of its plant. Studying the dynamics of a forest and its characteristics is an essential prerequisite for managing forests sustainability, especially for the sustainability of Salagundi which is native species of this area. This study aimed to obtain the information about the structure, composition, and diversity of plant in this area and as based data to maintain the existence of its species. The sampling technique was carried out by a combination method between the path method and the plot line. Vegetation analysis was carried out to gather information about the number and type of species at each growth level, Important Value Index (IVI) and Shannon Wienner Diversity Index. The results of the study found that there were seventeen species in this area. The number of each growth level was 691 at seedling levels, 671 at sapling levels, 209 at pole levels, and 224 at tree levels. The highest IVI at seedling, pole and tree level was Pinus merkusii (60.55; 87.58; 113.58), while at sapling level was Syzygium racemosum (50.00). The diversity index at seedling and tree level was low (1.95 and 1.76), while at sapling and pole level, it was classified as medium (2.07 and 2.08). According to the result, the existence of Salagundi needs to be preserved.
Species composition and plant diversity of logged-over forest in Sikundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra
Authors: Basyuni M , Slamet B , Sulistiyono N , Thoha A S , Bimantara Y , Widjaja E A
Published: November 2019

Sikundur forest area is located at Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), in Aras Napal, Langkat, North Sumatra Province, representing mixture forest of lowland Dipterocarpaceae. Two 0.5 ha permanent plots of 50 x 100 m were established at twenty-two years old logged-over Sikundur Forest and located subjectively according to topography and river bank. This dryland forest was logged for the first cycle in 1978 by forest concession right. This study aimed to identify the species composition and to determine the diversity index of plants after 22 years logged over area. The results showed that significant tribes were Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Myrtaceae which are the richest family in two permanent plots. The horizontal structure of forest indicated that the diversity index of Dipterocarpaceae in two plots tended to be centered, showing the high value of diversity index of Dipterocarpaceae family. The present study suggested the periodic activities on natural regeneration, and the measurement of the dynamics stock plant are highly recommended.
LignoIndo: image database of Indonesian commercial timber
Authors: Damayanti R , Prakasa E , Krisdianto  , Dewi L M , Wardoyo R , Sugiarto B , Pardede H F , Riyanto Y , Astutiputri V F , Panjaitan G R , Hadiwidjaja M L , Maulana Y H , Mutaqin I N
Published: November 2019

Macroscopic image database of Indonesian commercial timber “LignoIndo” has been developed to support the development of a computer vision-based wood identification system. A total of 809 wood species were taken their macroscopic images by using digital loupe at two magnifications: 50 times and 200 times. All of these timber species are Indonesian commercial timber listed in LIU (License Information Unit) in November 2016. Cross section images of 186 wood species listed in the Ministry of Forestry Degree No 163/2003 were also collected by using mobile phone camera that was attached with 60x magnify lens, as the basis data to the mobile application of automatic wood identification tool (AIKO). The number of wood species in this database will continue to grow as the number of commercial wood species increases. Besides, the number of replicates of specimens for each species of wood can also continue to be added to accommodate wood variations in the same species, the same species from different trees, and different geographic locations. This paper presents data collection methods and summaries of wood data that have been collected including trade name, botanical name, family, durability classes, strength classes, commercial class classification, conservation status, and recommended utilization.
Changes on microbial growth during Mlanding tempeh (Leucaena leucocephala) over fermentation
Authors: Nursiwi A , Dwikiputra B I , Ishartani D , Sari A M
Published: November 2019

Mlanding tempeh is made from Leucaena leucocephala seed fermentation by Rhizopus sp. The traditional process of making Mlanding tempeh consist of boiling the seed, crushing to separate the hull, soaking, boiling, and fermentation with Usar as inoculum. There are Rhizopus sp. and some microbial contaminants in Usar. The objective of the research was to study the change on microbial growth (lactic acid bacteria, mold, and yeast) during Mlanding tempeh over fermentation. The fresh tempeh was obtained from 36 hours fermentation and then continued with fermentation up to 120 hours. The results showed that the pH was increased up to 8.5 at the end of fermentation. The total mold number increased at 36 hours fermentation then stable until 72 hours and decreased at the 84 hours fermentation and undetected at 108 hours fermentation. During 36 hours fermentation, the number of yeasts increased then until 72 hours the number of yeasts was stable. In 84 hours the number of yeast decreased and finally, the yeast undetected at the 96 hours fermentation. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased by 72 hours and then decreased until the end of fermentation.
Elastase, Hyaluronidase and Tyrosinase inhibitor activities antiaging of Curcuma mangga Val. extract and its fractions
Authors: Pujimulyani D , Suryani L , Setyawati A , Amalia A , Qodaniah R L , Kusuma H S W , Widowati W
Published: November 2019

Curcuma mangga Val. has bioactive compounds such as curcumin. Curcumin is a natural antioxidant and known as antiaging agent. Curcumin can stimulate the synthesis of collagen type I, inhibit melanogenesis and help to maintain correct skin hydration. This show C.mangga Val. has potential as antioxidant and antiaging agents. This research aims to find out the antiaging activities of C. mangga ethanolic extracts (CMEE) and its fractions. In this study, the antiaging activity was performed by measuring inhibition of elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay. Ascorbic acid using as a control. In elastase inhibitory activity, ascorbic acid has the highest activity (15.53 µg/mL) but ethyl acetate fraction of C. Mangga (EACM) also has high activity (26.34 µg/mL) compared to other fractions and CMEE. In hyaluronidase inhibitory activity, ascorbic acid has the highest activity (27.67 µg/mL) but CMEE also has high activity (80.04 µg/mL) compared to other fractions, while in tyrosinase inhibitory activity EACM has the highest value (40.34 µg/mL) compared to ascorbic acid (65.99 µg/mL). In summary, C. mangga extracts have anti-hyaluronidase, while EACM also has good antiaging properties through anti-elastase and antityrosinase activity.
The optimization of oil quality in sunflower seeds (Heliantus annuus L.) by giving cow manure and EM4
Authors: Rahayu T , Ihsan M , Prabowo S M
Published: November 2019

Sunflower as a source of oil that is consumed as a provider of high quality protein. Sunflowers play an important role in nutrition for humans. This study aims to examine the optimization of oil quality in sunflower seeds (Heliantus annuus L.) by providing cow manure and EM4 to obtain recommendations for developing cultivation technology engineering formulas to improve oil quality. This study used a Randomized Completely Block Design method consisting of 2 treatments and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The first factor for manure dosing, consists of 4 levels, there are: N0: 0 ton ha-1; N1 : 10 ton ha-1; N2 : 15 ton ha-1; N3: 20 ton ha-1. The second factor is concentration of EM4, consists of 4 levels, there are: D0: EM4 0 cc/lt-1; D1: EM4 15 cc/lt-1; D2 : EM4 30 cc lt-1; D3 : EM4 45 cc lt-1. The variables of this research were: seed weight per plant and per plot, and quality of oil content of sun flower seeds. The results of analysis of variance on the variable seed weight of each plant and per plot showed the interaction between treatments with the best treatment combination was N1D2 (manure dosage of 10 tons ha-1, EM4 concentration of 30 cc lt-1). In the observation parameters, the sunflower seed oil content also has interactions between treatments with the best treatment combination is N2D3 (manure dosage of 20 tons ha-1, EM4 concentration of 45 cc lt-1).
Small noncoding RNA discovery and profiling with sRNAtools based on high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Liu Qi , Ding Changjun , Lang Xiaoqiang , Guo Ganggang , Chen Jiafei , Su Xiaohua
Published: November 2019

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNA/sncRNAs) are generated from different genomic loci and play important roles in biological processes, such as cell proliferation and the regulation of gene expression. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided an unprecedented opportunity to discover and quantify diverse kinds of sncRNA, such as tRFs (tRNA-derived small RNA fragments), phasiRNAs (phased, secondary, small-interfering RNAs), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) and plant-specific 24-nt short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, currently available web-based tools do not provide approaches to comprehensively analyze all of these diverse sncRNAs. This study presents a novel integrated platform, sRNAtools (https://bioinformatics.caf.ac.cn/sRNAtools), that can be used in conjunction with high-throughput sequencing to identify and functionally annotate sncRNAs, including profiling microRNAss, piRNAs, tRNAs, small nuclear RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs and rRNAs and discovering isomiRs, tRFs, phasiRNAs and plant-specific 24-nt siRNAs for up to 21 model organisms. Different modules, including single case, batch case, group case and target case, are developed to provide users with flexible ways of studying sncRNA. In addition, sRNAtools supports different ways of uploading small RNA sequencing data in a very interactive queue system, while local versions based on the program package/Docker/virtureBox are also available. We believe that sRNAtools will greatly benefit the scientific community as an integrated tool for studying sncRNAs.
MDiNE: a model to estimate differential co-occurrence networks in microbiome studies
Authors: McGregor Kevin , Labbe Aurélie , Greenwood Celia M T
Published: November 2019

Motivation

The human microbiota is the collection of microorganisms colonizing the human body, and plays an integral part in human health. A growing trend in microbiome analysis is to construct a network to estimate the co-occurrence patterns among taxa through precision matrices. Existing methods do not facilitate investigation into how these networks change with respect to covariates.

Results

We propose a new model called Microbiome Differential Network Estimation (MDiNE) to estimate network changes with respect to a binary covariate. The counts of individual taxa in the samples are modeled through a multinomial distribution whose probabilities depend on a latent Gaussian random variable. A sparse precision matrix over all the latent terms determines the co-occurrence network among taxa. The model fit is obtained and evaluated using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods. The performance of our model is evaluated through an extensive simulation study and is shown to outperform existing methods in terms of estimation of network parameters. We also demonstrate an application of the model to estimate changes in the intestinal microbial network topology with respect to Crohn’s disease.

Availability and implementation

MDiNE is implemented in a freely available R package: https://github.com/kevinmcgregor/mdine.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SigHotSpotter: scRNA-seq-based computational tool to control cell subpopulation phenotypes for cellular rejuvenation strategies
Authors: Ravichandran Srikanth , Hartmann András , del Sol Antonio
Published: November 2019

Single-cell RNA-sequencing is increasingly employed to characterize disease or ageing cell subpopulation phenotypes. Despite exponential increase in data generation, systematic identification of key regulatory factors for controlling cellular phenotype to enable cell rejuvenation in disease or ageing remains a challenge. Here, we present SigHotSpotter, a computational tool to predict hotspots of signaling pathways responsible for the stable maintenance of cell subpopulation phenotypes, by integrating signaling and transcriptional networks. Targeted perturbation of these signaling hotspots can enable precise control of cell subpopulation phenotypes. SigHotSpotter correctly predicts the signaling hotspots with known experimental validations in different cellular systems. The tool is simple, user-friendly and is available as web-server or as stand-alone software. We believe SigHotSpotter will serve as a general purpose tool for the systematic prediction of signaling hotspots based on single-cell RNA-seq data, and potentiate novel cell rejuvenation strategies in the context of disease and ageing.

Availability and implementation

SigHotSpotter is at https://SigHotSpotter.lcsb.uni.lu as a web tool. Source code, example datasets and other information are available at https://gitlab.com/srikanth.ravichandran/sighotspotter.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Parent and Child Perceptions of Collective Efficacy as Predictors of Delinquency
Authors: Gearhart Michael C
Published: November 2019

Juvenile delinquency has a negative effect on victims, communities and the individual who commits a delinquent act. However, exposure to the juvenile justice system can be a traumatic event that results in further delinquency—highlighting a need to develop community-based interventions to prevent delinquency. Collective efficacy theory is a commonly used framework to prevent juvenile delinquency. Although community-level interventions have been developed based on collective efficacy, research suggests that they are limited in their effectiveness. This may be due to limitations in our conceptualisation of collective efficacy, and our limited understanding of how perceptions of collective efficacy differ between youths and parents. The present study utilises data from the Fragile Families Child Wellbeing Study to test parent and youth perceptions of collective efficacy as predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency. The results indicate that—although collective efficacy is typically associated with lower levels of juvenile delinquency in neighbourhoods—neither parents’ nor youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy are strong predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency. The findings suggest that focusing on youth, family and neighbourhood characteristics may maximise the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing juvenile delinquency.
A Re-enchanted Response to a Communal Call: Toward a Christian Understanding of Medicine as Vocation
Authors: Couch Tyler J
Published: November 2019

Modern concepts of vocation often refer to some ambiguous understanding of personal occupation or religious life. These interpretations appear to be in tension with the Christian understanding of vocation as the call of God given to a community to a certain way of living. Christian physicians live into this communal vocation when they remain present to the suffering as a sign of God’s faithfulness. This vocational practice of medicine is threatened by a distorted understanding of the body that stems from what Max Weber called the “disenchantment” of the world. By bringing an understanding of the medicine that stems from Weber’s disenchantment into conversation with the language and beliefs of the church, this essay will seek to explore practices that might serve to re-enchant an understanding of the body and the practice of medicine as a form of Christian vocation.
Altered Gray Matter Structure and White Matter Microstructure in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Relevance for Working Memory Performance
Authors: van’t Westeinde Annelies , Karlsson Leif , Thomsen Sandberg Malin , Nordenström Anna , Padilla Nelly , Lajic Svetlana
Published: November 2019

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has been associated with brain structure alterations, but systematic studies are lacking. We explore brain morphology in 37 (21 female) CAH patients and 43 (26 female) healthy controls, aged 16–33 years, using structural magnetic resonance imaging to estimate cortical thickness, surface area, volume, subcortical volumes, and white matter (WM) microstructure. We also report data on a small cohort of patients (n = 8) with CAH, who received prenatal dexamethasone (DEX). Patients with CAH had reduced whole brain volume (4.23%) and altered structure of the prefrontal, parietal, and superior occipital cortex. Patients had reduced mean FA, and reduced RD and MD, but not after correcting for brain volume. The observed regions are hubs of the visuospatial working memory and default mode (DMN) networks. Thickness of the left superior parietal and middle frontal gyri was associated with visuospatial working memory performance, and patients with CAH performed worse on this task. Prenatal treatment with DEX affected brain structures in the parietal and occipital cortex, but studies in larger cohorts are needed. In conclusion, our study suggests that CAH is associated with brain structure alterations, especially in the working memory network, which might underlie the cognitive outcome observed in patients.
Labour market attachment among parents and self-rated health of their offspring: an intergenerational study
Authors: Lindholdt Louise , Lund Thomas , Andersen Johan H , Labriola Merete
Published: November 2019

Background

Unemployment influences the individual’s health, whether this effect passes through generations is less studied. The aim of this intergenerational study was to investigate whether parents’ labour market attachment (LMA) were associated with self-rated health (SRH) among adolescents using preceding labour market events.

Methods

The study was performed using questionnaire data from the Danish Future Occupation of Children and Adolescents cohort (the FOCA cohort) of 13 100 adolescents (mean age 15.8 years) and their accompanying parents identified through registers. Adolescents’ SRH was measured using one item from SF-36. Information on parents’ LMA was obtained from a national register, analyzed on a weekly basis in a 5-year period before the adolescents completed the questionnaire. An integration indicator was calculated from an initial sequence analysis to determine how well the parents were integrated in the labour market. The association between the adolescents’ SRH and parents’ LMA was examined by logistic regression and an extended sequence analysis stratified on adolescents’ SRH.

Results

Totally, 29.1% of the adolescents reported moderate SRH. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of moderate SRH was higher among adolescents of parents with low labour market integration (OR: 1.5 95% CI: 1.3–1.6 for fathers and OR: 1.4 95% CI: 1.2–1.5 for mothers). Also, adolescents with moderate SRH had parents who were less integrated in the labour market and had more weeks on non-employment benefits compared with the adolescents, who reported high SRH.

Conclusions

Unstable LMA among parents affected SRH among their adolescent children, indicating a negative effect of labour market marginalization across generations.
Atonal homolog 7 (ATOH7) loss-of-function mutations in predominant bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia
Authors: Atac David Grubich , Koller Samuel , Hanson James V M , Feil Silke , Tiwari Amit , Bahr Angela , Baehr Luzy , Magyar István , Kottke Raimund , Gerth-Kahlert Christina , Berger Wolfgang
Published: November 2019

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital optic nerve abnormality caused by underdevelopment of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite being a rare disease, ONH is the most common optic disc anomaly in ophthalmological practice. So far, mutations in several genes have been identified as causative, however many cases of ONH remain without a molecular explanation. The early transcription factor atonal basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor 7 (ATOH7) is expressed in retinal progenitor cells and has a crucial role in RGC development. Previous studies have identified several mutations in the ATOH7 locus in cases of eye developmental diseases such as nonsyndromic congenital retinal nonattachment and persistent hyperplasia of the primary vitreous.

Here we present two siblings with a phenotype predominated by bilateral ONH, with additional features of foveal hypoplasia and distinct vascular abnormalities, where whole-exome sequencing identified two compound heterozygous missense mutations affecting a conserved amino acid residue within the bHLH domain of ATOH7 (NM_145178.3:c.175G>A; p.(Ala59Thr) and c.176C>T; p.(Ala59Val)). ATOH7 expression constructs with patient single nucleotide variants were cloned for functional characterization. Protein analyses revealed decreased protein amounts and significantly enhanced degradation in the presence of E47, a putative bHLH dimerization partner. Protein interaction assays revealed decreased heterodimerization and DNA-binding of ATOH7 variants, resulting in total loss of transcriptional activation of luciferase reporter gene expression. These findings strongly support pathogenicity of the two ATOH7 mutations, one of which is novel. Additionally, this report highlights the possible impact of altered ATOH7 dimerization on protein stability and function.
Safety and effectiveness of a transaortic approach for TAVI: procedural and midterm outcomes of 265 consecutive patients in a single centre
Authors: Romano Mauro , Daprati Andrea , Saitto Guglielmo , Tizzano Francesco , Le Houérou Daniel , Donzeau-Gouge Patrick , Farge Arnaud , Lefèvre Thierry , Hovasse Thomas , Garatti Andrea
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a transaortic approach (TAo-TAVI) is an alternative to transapical or femoral access. We studied the procedural and midterm efficacy and safety of TAo-TAVI with Edwards Sapien XT and Medtronic CoreValve devices.

METHODS

Among 901 patients receiving TAVI since 2006, 265 consecutive patients underwent TAo-TAVI between January 2011 and September 2014. Procedural and midterm results were evaluated according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria.

RESULTS

The mean age was 83 ± 5 years. Sapien XT and CoreValve were used in 191 (72.1%) and 74 (27.9%) patients, respectively. Full sternotomy made elective concomitant off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting possible in 38 patients (14.3%) with severe coronary artery disease unsuitable for percutaneous coronary intervention. The device success rate was 95.5%. Postprocedural paravalvular leak  ≥2/4 was observed in 16 patients (6.4%). Emergency open chest surgery was required in 10 patients (3.8%) (3 aortic dissections, 3 valve embolizations, 2 LMCA occlusions, 1 aortic annulus rupture and 1 aortic rupture). Cerebrovascular accidents occurred in 3 patients (1.1%). Transfusions  ≥4 units were required in 36 patients (13.6%). New pacemakers were implanted in 26 patients (9.8%). Thirty-day and 1-year mortality were 8.7% and 16.2%, respectively. Mean follow-up duration was 24 ± 6 months. At 3 years, freedom from all-cause death was 80% ± 4%. New York Heart Association class <III included 81% (n = 172) of patients alive and without prosthetic echocardiographic dysfunction at follow-up (mean gradient 10.5 ± 5.6 mmHg).

CONCLUSION

The TAo-TAVI approach confirms its safety and effectiveness with satisfactory procedural and midterm outcomes with both currently available devices.
Ulrich Bundles on Intersections of Two 4-Dimensional Quadrics
Authors: Cho Yonghwa , Kim Yeongrak , Lee Kyoung-Seog
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigate the moduli space of Ulrich bundles on a smooth complete intersection of two $4$-dimensional quadrics in $\mathbb P^5$. The main ingredient is the semiorthogonal decomposition by Bondal–Orlov, combined with the categorical methods pioneered by Kuznetsov and Lahoz–Macrì–Stellari. Using these methods, we prove that any smooth intersection of two 4-dimensional quadrics in $\mathbb P^5$ carries an Ulrich bundle of rank $r$ for every $r \ge 2$. Moreover, we provide a description of the moduli space of stable Ulrich bundles.