bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicians' moral distinctions between medical assistance in dying and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in Canada: An interpretive phenomenological analysis.
Authors: Matthew Midori , Bonner Kieran , Stumpf Andrew
Published: January 2024

Background
Medical assistance in dying was legalized in Canada following the Carter v. Canada ruling of 2015. In spite of legalization, the ethics of medical assistance in dying remain contentious, with a paucity of research regarding physicians’ moral perspectives on the matter. By asking physicians if they perceive the major bioethical accounts as clinically useful, we seek to distinguish between aspects of the contemporary bioethical landscape which are useful at the bedside and those which are divorced from the realities faced by clinicians.
Methods
We applied a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach to examine the convergence and divergence of physicians’ subjective experiences and bioethical distinctions in providing MAiD and WLT.
Results
21 interview transcripts were thematically analyzed and coded, which generated four overarching themes: 1) moral differences between MAiD and WLT; 2) the causal role of the medical practitioner; 3) semantic appropriateness of ‘killing’ versus ‘allowing to die; and 4) intent of the physician. Overall, physicians emphasized the importance of understanding the realities of patients at the bedside prior to engaging in bioethical abstraction of MAiD’s legitimacy.
Conclusions
In order to have practical utility for clinical practice, it is essential for bioethicists to engage in dialogue with patients and their medical providers pursuing MAiD or WLT. Esoteric debates that are divorced from the realities of terminal illness do not assist physicians with navigating the ethical terrain of ending a patient’s life. This research captures meaningful accounts regarding MAiD and WLT that is rooted in the lived experience of the providers of these services in order for bioethical debates to have substantive impact in clinical practice and in legislation surrounding future health policies.
Doxorubicin Downregulates NEAT1 Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Azizi Zahra , Acikbas Ibrahim , Urganci Buket Er , Dogan Cihangir
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Doxorubicin (DOX) is considered an anthracycline derivative and conversant chemotherapeutic agent and one of the most influential chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, it is among the most frequently applied drugs for BC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert a particularly vital role in this respect. The current reviews demonstrate that lncRNAs can function as oncogenic and tumor suppressor and contribute to cancer development and progression. Our study addressed nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and the effect of DOX contributing to the regulation of miR410 by NEAT1.
Methods
MTT test was conducted to ascertain the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. The initial step was RNA isolation, which came after cell culture. Then, cDNA synthesis was carried out for both microRNA and lncRNA in order to use RT-PCR to identify changes in RNA expression. Alterations in the expression level were measured by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyzes.
Results
After receiving DOX treatment, it was discovered that NEAT1 expression levels were practically decreased in human BC cells, including MDA-MB231 and MCF-7. As expected, further expression than cancer cell lines were detected in normal mammary epithelial cell MCF-10A. Simultaneously, neither the dose administration levels, nor the cell lines showed any changes in the expression of miR410.
Conclusion
This data indicates that DOX may affect BC lines via NEAT1, and miR410 is ineffective in this pathway. Our data confirmed that the contribution of NEAT1 in DOX treatment. Accordingly, it can be provided as a biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
Biased Technological Progress, Factor Price Distortion And Factor Allocating Efficiency in China
Authors: XU Shaojun , LIU Xiuyan , NI Kejin
Published: January 2024

This paper constructs a two-regime model with factor flowing, studies the long-term factor allocating structure when there exists differences in biased technological progress between regions, and analyzed the influence of factor price distortion as an endogenous obstacle on factor allocating efficiency. Further, this paper adopts a state space model to estimate the production elasticity of capital and labor of the C-D production function, which in turn describes the time-varying substitution characteristics between labor and capital, and found that the path of Chinese technological progress is gradually shifting from capital biased to labor biased. Finally, in order to capture the improvement in factor allocating efficiency caused by factor reallocating cross regions, this article constructs a new factor allocating efficiency indicator, empirically verifies the relationship between biased technological progress, factor price distortions and factor allocating efficiency by using Chinese provincial-level macro data as well as China Industry Business Performance Database in the period of 2004–2015. On average, for every 1% increase in the biased technology indicator, factor allocating efficiency increases by about 28%; for every 1% increase in the degree of labor price negative distortion, factor allocating efficiency loses by about 22%; and for every 1% increase in the degree of capital price negative distortion, factor allocating efficiency loses by about 4.1%. Substantial heterogeneity is also observed, such as regional heterogeneity, differences in house prices, and degree of marketization.
JEL Classification: L52; R52; R12
Cryopreservation of Oryza Sativa L. and Evaluation of Genetic stability of the Regenerants.
Authors: Zeliang Patu Khate , Pattanayak Arunava
Published: January 2024

Cryopreservation, a widely utilized technique for long-term preservation of in vitro cultures, effectively arrests metabolic processes, obviating the need for frequent subcultures and mitigating the risk of somaclonal variation. In this study, we applied cryopreservation methods to intact rice (Oryza sativa L.) calli to determine the optimal age for cryopreservation, investigating the timelines in order to produce chlorophyll, generate chloroplasts, and shoot initiation in R0 plants derived from calli of varying ages. Results revealed that three-month-old calli exhibited the highest regeneration percentage, with chlorophyll development and greening observed within twelve days, and shoot initiation within fifteen days. Subsequent cultivation involved seeds from these matured plants alongside seed-derived plants. Phenotypic and molecular analyses assessed the genetic fidelity of regenerated progenies in R1 and R2. Comparison of twelve qualitative and quantitative characters indicated variations among cryopreserved, control callus, and seed-derived plants. Molecular data, utilizing twenty four rice simple sequence repeat markers, demonstrated a 3.6–7.25% deviation from the control. In the R1 generation, in vitro-derived plants displayed nearly identical characteristics, except for increased plant height and spikelet fertility in seed-derived plants, and extended time to maturity in all in vitro-derived plants. However, these distinctions were absent in the R2 generation.
Continuous Sheathless Particle Separation in Viscoelastic Fluids with Different Rheological Properties
Authors: Gan Chong-Shan , Tian Zhuang-Zhuang , Liu Lv , Fan Liang-Liang , Zhao Liang
Published: January 2024

The separation of particles such as cells and bacteria in viscoelastic fluids has significant applications in biomedical fields. At present, one of the main challenges that limit the application of microfluidic technology is to separate particles in the viscoelastic fluids with different rheological properties. For instance, most exisiting microfluidic devices can only work in the fluid with a specific rheological property, resulting in the requirement of time-consuming design, manufacturing, testing, and optimization of different devices to separate particles in the fluids with different rheological properties. In this work, a new particle separation strategy that is first focusing, then initial separation, and then precise separation (FISPS) was proposed, and a novel hybrid three-stage microfluidic device where a micropore structure was utilized to connect two gradually contracted microchannels was designed to achieve efficient continuous separation of particles in the viscoelastic fluid over a wide range of rheological properties (0.07 < El < 340.41). The device showed a separation mechanism of initial separation and then precise separation (ISPS) at El < 0.14 while it showed the separation mechanism of first focusing, then initial separation, and then precise separation (FISPS) at El > 8.43. In addition, the transformation of the separation mechanism from ISPS to FISPS was found under different flow conditions in the fluid with the transitional rheological properties (0.21 < El < 1.10). The effect of the flow rate and the rheological property of the fluid on microparticle separation were systematically studied by the experiment. With simple structure, easy operation, high separation efficiency, the present microfluidic device would have great potentials in the biomedical and clinical applications, such as the separation of cells for different patients.
Recycling of flexible polyurethane foam wastes of automotive parts by acidolysis
Authors: Kim Gyuri , Sahu Pranabesh , Jin Woo Seok , Jeong Seongrok , Jeon Cheon Young , Lee Tae Gyu , Lee Sang Ho , Oh Jeong Seok
Published: January 2024

With the aim to minimize the quantity and disposal of the polyurethane foam waste residue, depolymerization of polyurethane (PU) waste scrap via acidolysis using dicarboxylic acids (DA) was successfully attained. PU flexible foam waste was recycled using different dicarboxylic acids, namely succinic and phthalic dicarboxylic acids, as the cleavage agent and polyol as a conventional solvent. The effect of reaction temperature on the conversion and properties of the recovered polyol (RP) was investigated. The degradation of PU foams and formation of reaction products was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Phthalic acid as a cleavage agent resulted in higher conversion and single-phase recovered polyols, whereas succinic acid yielded split-phase polyols. Phthalic acid-based recovered polyol has higher viscosity than succinic acid-based recovered polyol. Finally, the recovered polyol was used as a partial substitute for virgin polyol (up to 10%, w/w) for the preparation of regenerated polyurethane foam (RPUF). The RPUF showed similar cell-size morphology and foaming properties to that derived from the virgin polyol. The comfort properties of the RPUF with respect to sag factor, hardness, and hysteresis loss displayed comparable values to that of virgin foam. Overall, the applicability of this method for the recycling of PU foam waste via acidolysis was illustrated, and the recovered polyol can be used as feedstock for foam preparation with comparable performance.
The prognostic value of VISTA combined with imaging in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Zhu Lubing , Xu Kaiwei , Fang Shuai , Wang Linwei , Chen Chunqu , Wu Ruoyu , Xu Liu , Kuang Fei , Peng Chenyu , Wang Jianhua
Published: January 2024

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract characterized by a gradual onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis. VISTA is a newly discovered immune checkpoint belonging to the B7 family of PD-1 and PD-L1. In this study, VISTA expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in para-cancer tissues. It may also be associated with PDAC’s tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, the best prognosis involved pancreatic cancer patients with high VISTA expression alongside a more uniform CT density. In addition, through immunohistochemistry, CCK-8 and EDU experiments, it was found that PTBP1 improved the immune infiltration of PDAC by regulating the expression of VISTA and promoting the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and other cytokines that delay the progression of tumors.
Association of Inappropriate Initial Antibiotic Treatment with 30-Day Mortality in Hematological Malignancies Patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Ma Zijun , Lai Chengcheng , Zhang Jun , Han Yuren , Xin Mengjie , Wang Jinghui , Wu Zhuanghao , Luo Yonggang
Published: January 2024

Background
Bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae are a significant challenge in managing hematological malignancies. This study aims to identify predictors of inappropriate antibiotic therapy and evaluate its impact on mortality in patients with hematological malignancies experiencing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted at a single center from January 2017 to December 2020, focusing on 182 patients with hematological malignancies who developed Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections. We compared the 30-day mortality rates between patients receiving appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic treatments, including the effectiveness of both single-drug and combination therapies. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate logistic and Cox regression were used to identify factors influencing mortality risk.
Results
The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 30.2% for all patients. The 30-day all-cause mortality rates were 77.2% and 8.8% in patients who received inappropriate initial treatment and appropriate initial treatment (P < 0.001). Inappropriate initial treatment significantly influenced mortality and was a key predictor of 30-day mortality, along with septic shock and previous ICU stays.
Conclusions
Infections with multidrug-resistant organisms considerably increase mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. A history of antibiotic use is a significant factor in the development of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Customizing treatment based on local drug resistance patterns and patient characteristics can reduce resistance and mortality. The alarming mortality risk in patients with carbapenem-resistant infections underscores the importance of rapid and effective treatment initiation, suggesting a potential role for predictive models in early therapeutic interventions.
Refugee women’s holistic identity: A contemporary perspective on the process of becoming a refugee woman
Authors: Borges Gabriela
Published: January 2024

This article explores the convergence of narrative criminology and refugee women's experiences, framing the intricate process of becoming a refugee woman as "refugee women's holistic identity." Building on prior works addressing violence (Borges, 2023) and agency (Borges, 2024), the study integrates insights from 24 interviews with Middle Eastern and African refugee women. It challenges the dichotomy of violence and agency, emphasizing their interconnected nature in shaping a better life. Aligned with Pemberton and Aarten's (2018) narrative constructs, the discussion underscores the centrality of narrative to identity, its role in emotions, and its importance in connecting individual lives to broader cultural contexts. This narrative-centric approach contributes valuable insights to migration studies, informing gender-based policies and practices for enhanced support and offering a model for future research in the field.
Few-cycle, 100-TW-class laser pulses as efficient sources of nanocoulomb electron bunches and Bremsstrahlung
Authors: Horný Vojtech , Bleotu Petrisor , Ursescu Daniel , Tomassini Paolo
Published: January 2024

The state-of-the-art ultrashort, few-cycle laser pulses recently have entered the regime of the 100 TW-class power and at
10 Hz repetition rate. We explore the potential of such pulses for efficient electron acceleration. The numerical modelling
predicts that hundreds-MeV, nC-class electron bunches can be generated, transferring up to 58% of the laser pulse energy
into electrons above 15 MeV. Furthermore, we exploit such electron bunches for the generation of a secondary source of
hard X-ray Bremsstrahlung in a high-Z converter. The results suggest that up to 30% of the laser energy can be transformed
into hard X-rays with energy above 10 keV. Such an exceptionally high conversion efficiency is achieved through increased
laser-to-electron conversion due to the short duration of the laser pulse and the high energy of the accelerated electrons,
where radiation losses in the converter significantly outweigh collisional losses. This Bremsstrahlung emitter could function as a generator of tertiary particles, including neutrons released through photonuclear reactions.
Chips/graphene conductive boards with excellent electromagnetic shielding properties
Authors: Hao Mingzheng , Li Lei , Feng Ding , Gao Yibo , An Hao , Lv Zhaoxia , Wang Wencai
Published: January 2024

Woodchips have attracted attention as wood derivatives because their chemical composition is similar to that of wood but can be manipulated to remove their anisotropic properties. We exposed the cellulose inside woodchips through chemical treatments and used the interaction between chips, graphene, and Ca2+ to process them into new electromagnetic-shielding wood-based materials in a bottom-up manner. When the sawdust-to-graphene ratio was 1:1, the conductivity and shielding of the material were 100 S/cm and 49 dB, respectively. Moreover, this composite material overcomes the anisotropy and inconsistent mechanical properties of natural wood.
Inklusive und nachhaltige Maker Education an Schulen
Authors: Bosse Ingo , Maurer Björn , Schluchter Jan-Rene
Published: January 2024

Digitalisierung, Inklusion und Nachhaltigkeit stellen zentrale Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung von Schule dar, nicht zuletzt in Form von Bildungskonzepten wie Medienbildung, inklusive Bildung und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Der Fokus dieses Scoping Reviews liegt auf den Themen Making und Inklusion sowie Making und Nachhaltigkeit unter Einbezug entsprechender Bildungskonzepte. Entlang des Reviews soll ein Überblick über Literatur und Studien zu Verbindungen von Making, Inklusion und Nachhaltigkeit vorgestellt werden. Insgesamt wurden 126 Studien, die zwischen den Jahren 2012 und 2022 veröffentlicht wurden, in eine nähere Betrachtung einbezogen. Obwohl sich nicht wenige Studien mit inklusivem (n = 54) oder nachhaltigem Making (n = 23) befassen, wurden Verbindungen von Making, Inklusion und Nachhaltigkeit bisher selten gemeinsam praktiziert, diskutiert und erforscht (n = 7). Im Besonderen ermangelt es Überlegungen zu Verbindungen von Making mit Konzepten Inklusiver Bildung und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in der Diskussion erste Überlegungen zu einer inklusiven und nachhaltigen Maker Education herausgearbeitet.
Comparison of bearing capacity and hogging of axially loaded columns in a foam concrete casing
Authors: Savenkov A. I. , Bessonova A. O. , Shustov P. A.
Published: January 2024

This work identifies the operation characteristics of axially loaded metal columns located within a foam concrete casing. The structures based on steel elements structurally combined with monolithic non-autoclaved foam concrete, used as filling for cladding, were investigated. The load-bearing capacity of axially loaded columns in free and constrained loads were compared. The columns were loaded using vertical test benches, and longitudinal deformations were recorded using a TK-50M strain gauge. Transverse movements (hogging) were measured using a dial gauge. Comparative theoretical calculations for the bearing capacity of loaded columns were carried out in accordance with the building rules and regulations SP 16.13330.2017 “Steel structures”. In experiments involving static axial loading of open-section columns, an increase in the stability of constrained columns was determined, and the ratio of longitudinal hogging of columns in a free and constrained state was shown. In addition, it was revealed that the size of the casing influences the magnitude and nature of the longitudinal bending. Therefore, it became possible to save metal by reducing the cross-section of the columns, while maintaining a bearing capacity similar to that of the free columns. The study demonstrated that as the ratio of the area of the surrounding foam concrete casing to the cross-sectional area of the loaded column increases, metal savings are correspondingly higher.
El cuidado del alma en la esclerosis múltiple. Una reflexión bioética
Authors:   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, López Arboleda Gloria María
Published: January 2024

Este libro pudo haberse llamado Consecuencias de la presencia-ausencia del amar en el marco de la relación médico-paciente durante el proceso de diagnóstico, tratamiento y permanencia de la esclerosis múltiple. Un estudio bioético. Pero se llama El cuidado del alma en la esclerosis múltiple. Una reflexión bioética. Esto dice mucho de sus hallazgos: el cuidado, el del alma, en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, es igual de importante al del cuerpo. Es claro quién, en primera línea, se encarga del segundo, el del cuerpo, pero del primero, el del alma, ¿quién está llamado a hacerlo?, ¿quién cuida el alma del paciente con esclerosis múltiple? Este libro propone reflexiones iniciales devenidas de los hallazgos de una investigación cualitativa, al respecto, en el marco de un concepto que emergió durante el estudio: amor-amar.
Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes serogroups in food of animal origin produced in Poland during 2013–2022
Authors: WIECZOREK KINGA , LACHTARA BEATA , OSEK JACEK
Published: January 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen that causes severe disease in humans. Many different foods products may be vehicles of these pathogenic strains. The aims of this study were to identified serogroups L. monocytogenes isolates by using PCR and analyze the distribution of serogroups in different food products of animal origin. L. monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products (n = 1,571), non-meat RTE food (n = 237), and non-RTE products (n = 189) were collected during years 2013-2020. A total of 899 (45.0%) isolates, irrespective of the origin, were classified to serogroup IIa. The remaining 1,098 strains belonged either to serogroups IVb (478; 23.9%), IIc (347; 17.4%) or IIb (273; 13.7%), respectively. In the predominant group products, i.e. RTE food of meat origin, serogroup IIa (702; 44.7%) was the most common followed by IVb (334; 21.3%), IIc (300; 19.1%), and IIb (235; 14.9%), respectively. The statistical differences were observed between the prevalence of L. monocytogenes serogroup IIb in sausages and cold cuts (P < 0.0001), cold cuts and delicatessen food (P < 0.001), as well as strains of serogroup IVb from sausages and cold cuts (P < 0.001). The prevalence of serogroup IIa was statistically higher among strains of milk and milk products origin than RTE fish and fish products (P < 0.05). The differences (P < 0.0001) were also observed in the distribution of L. monocytogenes of serogroup IIa from mixed food and milk as well as fish products. Additionally, the occurrence of serogroup IVb in mixed food differed compared to other food categories, i.e. milk and fish products (P < 0.0001). The obtained results confirmed the presence of L. monocytogenes serogroups IIa and IVb in food of animal origin, including RTE products, that are responsible for listeriosis in humans and suggested that these food products may pose a potential health problem, particularly to sensitive groups of people.
Nasal cavity cancer in rabbit
Authors: WILCZYŃSKA ANNA , BUCZEK KRZYSZTOF , HOFFMANN INES , KOMSTA RENATA , ZIĘTEK JERZY , STANIEC MARTA , DOKUZEYLÜL BANU , WINIARCZYK STANISŁAW , ADASZEK ŁUKASZ
Published: January 2024

Exotic animal medicine is a dynamic part of veterinary medicine. It is very important to publish rare cases in order to share experience. Diseases in the sinuses and nasal cavities are common. Seemingly ordinary upper respiratory tract infections can have very different causes, i.e. foreign bodies, abscesses or neoplastic lesions. The latter are among the extremely rare ones. Their diagnosis is difficult due to the need for specialised examinations, i.e. tomography or rhinoscopy. The case described in this report concerns a rabbit in which extensive diagnostics were performed to determine the cause of chronic nasal discharge. Bacteriological cultures, CT scans and rhinoscopy were performed to remove the lesion. To determine its nature, a histopathological examination was also performed, which revealed the presence of a nasal carcinoma. A rabbit with a recurrent bilateral nasal discharge was brought to the clinic. It was initially diagnosed with bacterial rhinitis and treated with antibiotics. During the next 6 months, the discharge recurred and then became unilateral and whitecoloured. In a further diagnostic procedure, the rabbit had a skull radiograph, which excluded sinus infections and the presence of a foreign body in the nasal cavity. After the following 6 months, the rabbit appeared to have a louder than usual respiratory murmur and snoring during sleep. A radiograph showed a lesion in the nasal conchae. A rhinoscopy further revealed a mass within the right nasal cavity. The lesion was removed and submitted for histopathological examination, which confirmed nasal carcinoma. Radiation therapy was suggested, which the owners declined. After removal of the lesion, the nasal discharge decreased and did not contain any blood. Further treatment of the rabbit after the rhinoscopy consisted of nebulisation with a solution of budesonide and enrofloxacin 2 × 2 daily for 5 days, after which the condition began to stabilise. A follow-up clinical examination 3 months after the rhinoscopy revealed no recurrence of the clinical symptoms.
ФЕСТИВАЛЬ НАУКИ ПО СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ «РАВНЫЕ, НО РАЗНЫЕ», ПОСВЯЩЕННЫЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМУ ДНЮ ИНВАЛИДОВ
Authors: Непочатых Е.П. , Шульгина Т.А. , Филиппович Ю.С.
Published: January 2024

В статье представлен опыт проведения II Фестиваля науки по социальной работе, посвященного Международному Дню инвалидов «Равные, но разные». Организатором фестиваля выступила кафедра социальной работы и безопасности жизнедеятельности ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России. На 8 площадках центров, образовательных организаций и учреждений социального обслуживания города Курска было проведено более 30 мероприятий, в том числе, Круглые столы, мастер-классы, научные дискуссии, профессиональные встречи, экскурсии, научные стендап-шоу Science Slam.
Assessment of a probable relationship between influence of harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions, ambient air pollution and the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs (c33, c34) in the male population of the Russian Federation
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Bukhtiyarov I.V. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Prospekt Budennogo, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation, Vyazovichenko Yu.E. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Khvalyuk P.O. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Prospekt Budennogo, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

In 2021, in the Russian Federation, malignant neoplasms (MN) of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (ICD – C33, C34) occupied the first place in the structure of MN in men accounting for 16.4 %. Many studies show the existence of a potential connection between impacts of occupational factors and MN development; however, in Russia, the occupational genesis of MN is rarely recognized. The aim of this study was to identify a relationship between working conditions, volumes of pollutants emitted into ambient air and the incidence of tracheal, bronchial, and lung MN in men. The data were obtained from Form No. 7 "Information on malignant neoplasms", the Report "The state of working conditions for workers employed by economic entities operating in the Russian Federation as per specific types of economic activity", and Form No. 2-TP (air) "Information on the protection of ambient air" of Rosstat. We analyzed incidence rates of malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs among working age males, as well as males aged between 40 and 65 years in 2011–2021. The study involved quartile analysis (incidence rates were standardized with the direct method); correlation analysis (Kendall rank correlation); as well as multiple regression analysis. The latter was carried out to study effects of predictors (volumes of pollutants emitted into ambient air) on the selected criterion (MN incidence). The research data were statistically analyzed using MS Office Excel 2019, IBM SPSS Statistics 26. A downward trend was established for the analyzed incidence rates in Russia. A moderate positive correlation (τ = +0.31) was obtained between the proportion of workers employed in harmful or hazardous working conditions and the incidence of MN of the specified localization. A predictive regression model was developed. The obtained results of the correlation analysis require more in-depth consideration in subsequent studies. In our opinion, oncologists need to study occupational routes of their patients. Employers should focus on primary MN prevention within corporate practices of enterprises.
Key risk factors for populations especially vulnerable to HIV infection
Authors:   Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virome’, 23 Letnyaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation, Piterskiy M.V. , Semenov A.V. ,   Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virome’, 23 Letnyaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation, Zakharova Yu.A. ,   F.F. Erisman’s Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene, 18 Nauchnyi proezd, Moscow, 117246, Russian Federation, Yarantseva O.Y. ,   Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virome’, 23 Letnyaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation, Khodakov O.A. ,   Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virome’, 23 Letnyaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation, Evseeva V.I. ,   Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virome’, 23 Letnyaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation, Greisman M.O. ,   Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virome’, 23 Letnyaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Since 2012, no data can be found on any scientific research accomplished in correction facilities of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service with its aim being to identify HIV risk factors and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among prisoners. In correction facilities of the Sverdlovsk oblast, each fifth prisoner is HIV-positive and in future this means a grave HIV burden for the regional population. Between 2020 and 2022, an anonymous survey was accomplished within an observational analytical cross-sectional study. Overall, 302 men participated in it; they were all former prisoners who applied for aid to a socially-oriented nonprofit organization during their social adaptation. Injection drug use (IDU) was established to be the basic factor able to cause HIV in the analyzed group. Among HIV-positive respondents, 94.3 % had such experience prior to and during their service; among other prisoners, 55.6 % reported IDU (p < 0.001). Twenty-eight point nine percent of prisoners continued to use narcotics in prison. According to the survey results, 87.9 % of HIV-positive men only ‘sometimes’ used barrier protection during sexual intercourse or didn’t use it at all. Seventy-three point five percent of them had more than 10 sexual partners during their lifetime and 29.3 % had sexually transmitted diseases in their case history. It is noteworthy that 82.9 % of the HIV-positive respondents had sexual contacts already during the first six months after being released from prison. The study established a growing share of people who got antiretroviral therapy (ART) after release from the penitentiary system, from 63.1 % to 75.4 %; however, only 33.0 % of the patients who received ART were able to confirm they had never stopped doing it. Therefore, we have detected a high risk HIV spread among prisoners during their service with subsequent active HIV transmission into the general population.
Predicting a risk of tumor evolution considering regulatory mechanisms of the body and angiogenesis
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Trusov P.V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolskii Av., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Chigvintsev V.М. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolskii Av., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Adverse environmental and lifestyle factors produce considerable effects on occurrence of cancerous tumors, both directly and indirectly through impaired functionality of the body protection mechanisms. Investigation of these effects has practical significance for risk assessment and development of effective cancer preventive strategies. Mathematical modeling is an eligible method for considering complex multicomponent interactions between elements of various systems involved in tumor growth. This article presents an approach to assessing risks of cancerous tumors by using a created predictive model that describes dynamics of abnormal cells considering regulatory mechanisms and angiogenesis. An evolution approach is applied to estimate accumulated functional disorders of the immune system due to natural ageing and chemical environmental exposures. The Monte Carlo simulation is employed to estimate a likely outcome of cancerous tumor evolution given different possible properties of abnormal cells. The article provides the results of accomplished computation experiments aimed at describing dynamics of changes in cell population properties in an analyzed organ tissue. Development of a vessel system is described considering different effects of the most significant factors. Computation results are analyzed within various scenarios that describe cancerous tumor growth in dynamics considering how angiogenesis develops under different parameters of the immune system dysfunction and different properties of abnormal cells. Risks of tumor development are assessed considering parameters that determine the overall state of the body (the immune system) and properties of abnormal cells. This approach makes it possible to develop a system of preventive and sanitary-hygienic activities in areas where envi-ronmental conditions are unfavorable in order to reduce cancer incidence.
Aspects of managerial and organizational decisions in building dental services in Russia (literature review)
Authors:   ‘Republican Dental Clinic’ of the Healthcare Ministry of the Chuvash Republic, 11a Moskovsky Ave., Cheboksary, 428018, Russian Federation, Urukov N.Yu. ,   Chuvash State University named after. I.N. Ulyanov, 15 Moskovsky Ave., Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation, Rukodayny O.V. ,   RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation, Urukov Yu.N. ,   Chuvash State University named after. I.N. Ulyanov, 15 Moskovsky Ave., Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation, Sharapova O.V. ,   V.V. Vinogradov’s City Clinical Hospital, 61 Vavilova St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 117292, Russian Federation,   Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation, Gerasimova L.I. ,   V.V. Vinogradov’s City Clinical Hospital, 61 Vavilova St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 117292, Russian Federation,   Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTEKH University), 11 Volokolamskoe highway, Moscow, 125080, Russian Federation, Smirnova T.L. ,   Chuvash State University named after. I.N. Ulyanov, 15 Moskovsky Ave., Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation, Barsukova E.V. ,   ’Republican Clinical Hospital № 1’ of the Healthcare Ministry of the Chuvash Republic, 9 Moskovsky Ave., Cheboksary, 428018, Russian Federation, Zhuravleva N.V. ,   Chuvash State University named after. I.N. Ulyanov, 15 Moskovsky Ave., Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, the importance of efficiency in providing qualified care in the field of dentistry is gaining relevance. The literature available to us indicates that 70–90 % of the child population and 100 % of the adult population of Russia suffer from various types of disease in the field of dentistry. The purpose of the study is analytical assessment of managerial and or-ganizational decisions in building up the Russian dental service over the period from 2010 using data available in Russian literature. The organization of dental care in Russia is provided by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in accordance with the territorial-administrative affiliation of the population. In connection with the transition of the Russian Federation to a market economy, the level of budget financing of the dental industry has decreased, which has led to a significant increase in the incidence of diseases and their complications. Thus, it is necessary to develop the most rational and appropriate options for the management of dental services at the level of each individual region of Russia and a specific situation in it taken into account. These options must necessarily consider the distinctive specific features of socio-economic development of a particular region, the current level of dental morbidity of the local population and its main trends, the provision of with all necessary resources, financial stability, as well as other socio-hygienic risk factors, which have a direct impact on the overall state of dental care.
Edad y crecimiento del Jurel Trachurus symmetricus murphyi (NICHOLS, 1920) en aguas de Chile central.
Authors: Castillo Gonzalo , Arrizaga Alberto
Published: January 2024

Utilizando otolitos obtenidos de peces recolectados en 1983 y 1984 se realizó determinaciones de edad en el jurel (Trachurus symmetricus murphyi Nichols, 1920) del área de la pesquería de Talcahuano, Chile. No se detectó diferencias significativas en el crecimiento de machos y hembras en función del tamaño del otolito (P = 0,05). Se estimó una relación isométrica entre las medias de peso total y longitud horquilla, calculadas entre las edades I y la XI, las cuales fueron consideradas para el ajuste de los parámetros del modelo de crecimiento de Von Bertalanffy modificado por Beverton & Holt. Los mejores ajustes para la relación edad-longitud horquilla fueron: k = 0,0741; Loe = 65,2286 cm y lo = —2,4102. Para la relación edad-peso total se obtuvo: k = 0,0735; = 2776,6510 g; to = —2,4199 y b = 2,9563. Al comparar la relación edad-longitud obtenida con estudios previos en Trachurus sp. se observan, en general, valores similares. Finalmente, se examinan hipótesis y cambios en relación a la estructura de edad en el jurel.
Distribution of myctophid fishes in the Eastern Pacific Ocean off northern Chile (18°30´ TO 30°30'S)
Authors: Acuña Enzo S.
Published: January 2024

Thejuvenile and adult myctophid fishes from two cruises off northern Chile (from 18°30' to 30°30’S) captured with a HPN midwater trawl in oblique tows and a Bongo net in double oblique tows, 0 to 200 m and a CalCOFl net in surface tows, were identified and their distributions plotted. Eleven species were caught during the winter cruise and fourteen during the summer cruise. Triphoturus mexicanus was the most numerous and widespread species in both cruises. Diogenichthys atlanticus, D. latematus, Hygophum bruuni and Myctophum nitidulum were alsocommon. Almost ail specimens of all species were caught during night-time sampling, suggesting different day and night vertical distributions. The length-frecuency distribution of most of the species captured is analyzed.The apparent relationship between northward or southward extensions of the seasonal distributions of several speciesand the physical parameters recorded during the cruises is discussed.
Manejo de reproductores y posturas de cápsulas en Concholepas concholepas (BRUGUIERE, 1789) (GASTROPODA, MURICIDAE): una revisión de problemas y requerimientos de investigación.
Authors: López Daniel A. , Varela Carlos E.
Published: January 2024

Se efectúa una revisión de la información existente sobre el manejo de reproductores y aspectos relacionados a la postura de cápsulas del “loco", Concholepas concholepas (Bruguiére), proveniente de estudios experimentales realizados en el Sur de Chile y de datos publicados previamente. Estos temas son de importancia para maximizar la producción de larvas veliger en eclosión, la que es requerida tanto para el eventual cultivo intensivo de esta especie como para las prácticas de repoblación indirecta de áreas costeras. Se entrega, asimismo, un listado no extensivo de las principales interrogantes que aún subsisten, detallándose luego de cada una de ellas, las actividades que deberían ser realizadas.
Evolución de la Costa de Concepción : el caso de las bahías de Concepción y San Vicente.
Authors: Ilabaca Pedro
Published: January 2024

El trabajo está dirigido al conocimiento de los antecedentes que se disponen, en el área de la geología y geomorfología costera, respecto a los eventos genéticos y evolutivos que explican la configuración geográfica de la costa, y en particular de la bahía de Concepción. Con este fin. se dan a conocer algunas contribuciones científicas de las últimas décadas, relacionadas con la evolución de la costa local. En lo sustantivo, se presenta una síntesis de la geología costera, orientada al conocimiento de los aspectos estratigráficos y estructurales. Se enfatiza en el papel de los movimientos tectónicos antiguos y recientes que han contribuido a la conformación de la costa actual. En el período más reciente (Holoceno), se indagan los antecedentes de la evolución deltaica, en la desembocadura del río Biobío. Se atribuye un rol importante a la sedimentación del río, a la transgresión marina reciente y a los aspectos dinámicos del viento y mar, en la configuración final de la costa.
El Imperativo Categórico como mediador: ¿El deber puede mejorar la relación entre el Ser Humano y la Naturaleza?
Authors: Moraga Catalina
Published: January 2024

Resumen

En el siguiente artículo se discute una mirada respecto a la relación de convivencia entre el humano y la naturaleza, una tensión que se ha establecido desde la modernidad por decisiones y motivaciones específicas. La explotación de la biodiversidad requiere hoy de una conciencia medioambiental que traspase los intereses particulares de los seres humanos, por lo que, una posible vía para la discusión y/o superación, es recurrir a la ética kantiana con la noción del deber que se reconoce en el imperativo categórico, junto con otras posturas contemporáneas que contribuyen en el estudio en cuestión; por un lado, una teoría que llama a un biocentrismo y, por otro lado, una que llama a la reconsideración en el ejercicio de la práctica científica. Las posturas en discusión podrían dar una posible solución para la problemática, de manera que, se vuelve relevante desprenderse del interés subjetivo y prácticas interesadas del ser humano hacia la naturaleza.
Varietal Evaluation of Promising Spring Rice Genotypes in Bagdula, Pyuthan, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Krishna Raj , B K Asbin , Singh Uday Kumar , Joshi Yagya Raj , Bhandari Aashish
Published: January 2024

A field experiment was carried out in order to assess the performance (growth, yield, and yield-attributing characteristics) of five different spring rice genotypes. The study was conducted in a farmer’s field in Bagdula, Pyuthan, under the supervision of Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (PMAMP), Rice Zone, Pyuthan, from March 2021–July 2021. Five spring rice genotypes, including PR-126, HHZ 25-DT9-Y1-Y1, IR 103575-76-1-1-B, IR 99742:2-11-17-1-9-B, and IR 86515-19-1-2-1-1-1-1, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications each. Plant growth and yield-attributing parameters were measured, entered into MS-Excel, and analyzed using the R-Studio software. Rice seedlings were raised in a wet nursery bed and transplanted at a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm (3 seedlings per hill). The highest plant height (82.25 cm) and number of tillers per hill (10.40) were recorded in IR 86515-19-1-2-1-1-1-1, whereas the lowest plant height was observed in genotype IR 99742:2-11-17-1-9-B (64.30 cm). The highest number of effective tillers per square meter (247.125), panicle length (24.43 cm), number of grains per panicle (206.35), thousand grain weight (25.90 g), and grain yield (6.630 t.ha-1) were recorded in PR-126, whereas the highest straw yield was recorded in IR 86515-19-1-2-1-1-1-1 (5.78 t.ha-1). Similarly, the lowest numbers of effective tillers per square meter (150.73), panicle length (18.51 cm), number of grains per panicle (158.30), and thousand grain weight (22.53 g) were recorded in IR 99742:2-11-17-1-9-B. Thus, based on the yield and other growth parameters, the PR-126 genotype was found to be the most suitable for achieving greater productivity in Bagdula, Pyuthan, Nepal. However, further multilocation yield trials, including assessments of nutrient content, should be conducted for validation.
O esmaecimento da docência nas práticas do empreendedorismo nas escolas
Authors: Petrini Silvane Gema Mocellin , Wanderer Fernanda
Published: January 2024

O artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa que objetivou examinar os modos de ser professor engendrados pela Educação em Revista (ER), endereçada aos docentes e gestores de instituições privadas de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul, quando aborda e incentiva o trabalho com empreendedorismo nas escolas. Os aportes teóricos que sustentaram a investigação se vinculam ao campo pós-estruturalista, sobretudo às contribuições de Michel Foucault. O material empírico consistiu em exemplares da Educação em Revista divulgados entre os anos de 2013 a 2020. A estratégia utilizada para operar sobre esse material foi a análise do discurso, como proposto por Foucault. O exame das reportagens mostrou que: a) o empreendedorismo apresenta-se como um tema relevante e livre de questionamentos nas práticas pedagógicas das escolas privadas do RS; b) na ER há a constituição de um professor designer nas tramas das práticas empreendedoras, gerando um esmaecimento da docência.
Creatine in Cognitive Performance: A Commentary
Authors: Godwin Elechi Jasper Okoro , Abrego Guandique Diana Marisol , Cannataro Roberto
Published: January 2024

Given the importance of cognition in everyday life, medicines that improve cognition safely and affordably are highly wanted. Creatine is an
amino acid-derived substance that aids in the restoration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides energy to muscle and brain tissue.
Although the relationship between creatine and cognitive performance is still debatable, here is a brief description of creatine's influence on
cognition with probable implications for future research on this intriguing topic.