bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformações de um solo urbano a partir da implantação de uma agrofloresta
Authors: Dias Maria , Costa Jéssica Rafaela , Santos Rodrigo Ferreira , Pinheiro Marcos Roberto
Published: June 2023

Este estudo se propôs a identificar e compreender as transformações ocorridas num solo urbano a partir da implantação de uma agrofloresta no campus Butantã da Universidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram realizados trabalhos de campo com aber-tura de trincheiras numa área de gramado e outra de SAF (Sistema Agroflorestal), vi-zinhas, sob as mesmas condições geomorfológicas e pedológicas. Os perfis de solo foram descritos morfologicamente e amostras foram coletadas para análises físicas e químicas em laboratório. Foram analisados e comparados os atributos morfológicos cor, textura, estrutura, consistência molhada, transição entre horizontes, profundidade, raízes e pedofauna, assim como granulometria, densidade, estabilidade de agregado e pH H2O, pH CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1, MO, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, H+Al, SB, CTC, V% e m%. Os resultados mostraram que o solo da agrofloresta apresenta cor mais brunada que o do gramado, sugerindo maior quantidade de MO naquela área. Além disso, o solo da agrofloresta tem maior grau de desenvolvimento da estrutura, característica esta observada em campo e confirmada pelos ensaios de estabilidade de agregado realiza-dos em laboratório. Destaca-se, ainda, a maior quantidade e profundidade de alcance de raízes no solo da agrofloresta, ausência de formigas e cupins, muito comuns no gramado, e presença de minhocas e besouros. Verificou-se também diminuição signifi-cativa da densidade do solo no SAF. Com relação aos atributos químicos, observou-se uma ligeira diminuição da acidez do solo da agrofloresta e um aumento substancial da quantidade de MO, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, bem como da SB, CTC e V%. Em contrapartida, Al3+, H+Al e m% diminuíram. Nesse contexto, conclui-se que ocorreram modificações no solo em todas as variáveis analisadas, o que sugere uma recuperação das funções do solo a partir da implantação da agrofloresta, no período de 1 ano e 4 meses. Assim, pode-se dizer que as mudanças encontradas no solo ocorreram num tempo muito curto, sobretudo se forem consideradas as condições do solo urbano analisado, cujas caracte-rísticas naturais foram bastante modificadas pela ação antrópica.
Firm Review of "Bad Roads" (2020)
Authors: Tereshchenko Serhii
Published: June 2023

Natalka Vorozhbyt’s "Bad Roads" (2020) is a film about Donetsk, the biggest city in Eastern Ukraine, six-seven years after its occupation.
A INTERPRETAÇÃO DA CULTURA NA GEOGRAFIA: ORIGEM, IDENTIDADES E CÓDIGOS CULTURAIS
Authors: Sartorio Letícia Figueiredo , Franz Juliana Cristina
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo visa realizar uma discussão e aprofundamento teórico referente a articulação dos conceitos de cultura, identidade e códigos culturais com enfoque na relação com o espaço geográfico. Ademais, apresentam-se questões referentes a origem da palavra cultura e sobre o impacto da globalização nas culturas e identidades. Para tal foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica e discussão dos conceitos, acompanhada de reflexões teóricas. As discussões apontaram as relações e conexões entre cultura, códigos culturais e identidades, além de se observar a conexão desse tripé com o espaço geográfico, seja na materialização dos códigos culturais no espaço, produção das paisagens culturais, seja na construção de identidades territoriais associadas a apropriação do espaço. A globalização no mundo pós-moderno alterou os referenciais espaço-temporais, afetando as identidades culturais. Nesse sentido, nota-se a importância do espaço geográfico para a cultura e a sua manutenção, sendo que ela se expressa por meio do filtro da paisagem. A materialização dos códigos acarreta o reconhecimento de um grupo social e a produção da sua identidade, relacionada ao espaço por intermédio do território. Assim, a cultura influencia o espaço e o espaço influencia a cultura, em um círculo de construção e diferenciação de espaços e culturas.
La compleja construcción institucional del ente de coordinación del área metropolitana de Santa Fe (2016-2021)
Authors: Seval Martín , Carné Martín
Published: June 2023

El Ente de Coordinación del Área Metropolitana Santa Fe (ECAM) fue diseñado para integrar y desarrollar esta región urbana. Sin embargo, como dispositivo institucional parecería no lograr el desempeño esperado. Los problemas que atraviesa para cumplir las expectativas creadas responden a características de su proceso de institucionalización y a debilidades propias de los modelos de este tipo de dispositivos institucionales, el supramunicipal y el de cooperación intermunicipal. Para dar cuenta de estas debilidades se proponen cinco variables que guían el análisis del proceso de institucionalización del ECAM. La evidencia producida indica que el número de Estados locales miembro ha crecido pero los apoyos políticos fluctúan. Aunque las rutinas de funcionamiento se cumplen, el ente no logra regularizar su financiamiento y consolidarse como actor clave a escala metropolitana. Finalmente, al no contar en su estructura con actores no estatales, la idea de gobernanza se diluye en la resolución de estas debilidades.
Penina, hombre infame
Authors: Crisorio Bruno
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo se propone estudiar El fusilamiento de Penina, el único libro del poeta rosarino Aldo Oliva (1927‒2000) no compuesto por poemas; en cambio, se trata de una investigación sobre el fusilamiento clandestino del obrero anarquista Joaquín Penina, en 1930, por la dictadura de Uriburu. Terminado a fines de 1975, el libro fue confiscado y quemado por la dictadura de 1976, y permaneció perdido hasta el año 2004. Luego de una reconstrucción de la historia de Penina y del libro de Oliva, el análisis textual parte de una evidencia: en la investigación las huellas de las subjetividades de Penina y del propio Oliva parecen borrarse programáticamente, dejando su lugar al estudio de las «condiciones objetivas» y a la «objetividad» del investigador. Este factor contrasta notoriamente con la visión subjetivista de la historia que se desprende de sus poemas, y también se distancia de otros ejemplos del género, que juegan de otro modo con las marcas de subjetividad y la contaminación entre testimonio y ficción. Para ejemplificar este contraste, el trabajo termina con una coda que analiza un poema de Oliva sobre una figura que podría considerarse el reverso o el negativo de Penina: Severino Di Giovanni, el anarquista expropiador.
Viajes tras las tierras perdidas
Authors: Perilli Carmen
Published: June 2023

Un conjunto de narraciones escritas por mujeres latinoamericanas actúa no como máquinas de memoria y mapas de una contemporaneidad en la cual violencia e historia familiar son familiares. Las posiciones trans‒territoriales de las narradoras, trazan nuevas líneas entre el dentro y el fuera, retornando sobre los pasos de sus ancestros: Volverse Palestina de Lina Meruane (Chile), La tierra comenzaba a arder de Cynthia Edul (Argentina) y Mar Negro e Infieles de Ana Arzoumanian (Argentina). En los textos encontramos una narrativa de la pérdida, el duelo y la melancolía en un mundo oriental dominado por el colonialismo, el autoritarismo y la violencia, frente al cual solo resta tomar una posición política y ética.
LITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI INDONESIA: IDENTIFIKASI ISU DAN PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM
Authors: Sugiarto Laga , Pujiono Pujiono , Hidayat Arif , Adhi Yuli Prasetyo
Published: June 2023

Litigasi perubahan iklim di Indonesia mengalami perkembangan cukup pesat, mengingat bertambahnya jumlah perkara dan putusan terkait gugatan litigasi perubahan iklim. Melihat praktik litigasi perubahan iklim, setelah dilakukan pemilahan serta identifikasi isu/motivasi, maka litigasi perubahan iklim di Indonesia, meliputi jenis litigasi dengan motivasi perubahan iklim bukan sebagai isu utama dan litigasi bukan motivasi perubahan iklim, namun berimplikasi pada mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim. Tujuan tulisan ini yaitu untuk menganalisis tindakan perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh pelaku pelanggaran hukum dengan mendasarkan kepada doktrin kesengajaan, kelalaian, pertanggungjawaban mutlak, dan tindakan faktual. Riset ini dapat memberikan pilihan advokasi kebijakan perubahan iklim melalui litigasi di pengadilan bagi para pencari keadilan.
Quality, Shelf Life, and Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Anzhou
Published: June 2023

This paper studies a monopolist’s choices of quality and shelf life of a perishable good in the presence of demand uncertainty and sunk production cost. It shows that, in response to demand uncertainty, the firm typically produces multiple products which differ in quality and shelf life; under certain conditions, products with a longer shelf life are of lower quality; a probability distribution of demand which first-order (second-order) stochastically dominates another induces more (more or fewer) product varieties. It also provides conditions under which a higher quality product has a higher absolute profit margin but a lower percentage margin.
The 80th Anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: An Attempt at a Summary
Authors: Taczyńska Katarzyna
Published: June 2023

The review discusses the 80th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising’s celebrations in Poland.
The effect of L2 German on grammatical gender access in L1 Polish: proficiency matters
Authors: Długosz Kamil
Published: June 2023

Previous research has shown that bilinguals process nouns that have the same grammatical gender in their two languages faster than nouns that differ in gender between L1 and L2. This finding, referred to as the gender congruency effect, has so far only been documented in L2. Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine whether late unbalanced bilinguals would also show gender congruency effects in their L1. To that end, 44 L1 Polish/L2 German bilinguals were tested in a gender decision task in Polish, which included gender-congruent and gender-incongruent nouns. The results revealed a robust gender congruency effect in L1, which was limited to bilinguals with very high L2 proficiency. This indicates that bilinguals activate grammatical gender information in L2 when accessing gender in L1, providing that they are highly proficient in L2. More broadly, the study demonstrates that foreign language knowledge can affect native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Finally, as a first attempt to examine grammatical gender access in Polish, this study shows that feminine gender is accessed faster compared to masculine and neuter, suggesting that the ending -a is the most reliable gender cue in Polish.
Two phenomena behind the terminology of face
Authors: Lacroix René
Published: June 2023

In politeness research and other areas, scholars use a range of metaphorical expressions involving the term face, as in “lose face”, “threaten face” and “save face”, drawing upon Goffman’s paper “On face-work” (Goffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Pantheon Books), often through Brown and Levinson’s influential theory of politeness (Brown, Penelope & Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). The present paper argues that the interactional processes referred to by such expressions are of at least two kinds, here labeled “Observed-Behavior (OB) face-processes” and “Expressed-Attitude (EA) face-processes”. X’s OB face loss occurs when others negatively evaluate X on the basis of her behavior; X’s EA face loss occurs when others convey to X that they do not have the same values as her (“positive face”) or act in a way that impedes her freedom (“negative face”). Ten differences between OB and EA face-processes are set out. These differences are not acknowledged in the literature, which, as shown in this paper, leads to much ambiguity and confusion.
Chronic post-thoracotomy pain after lung cancer surgery: a prospective study of preoperative risk factors
Authors: Danielsen Allan Vestergaard , Andreasen Jan Jesper , Dinesen Birthe , Hansen John , Kjær-Staal Petersen Kristian , Simonsen Carsten , Arendt-Nielsen Lars
Published: June 2023

Objectives

The objective of this longitudinal cohort study was to investigate if preoperative pain mechanisms, anxiety, and depression increase risk of developing chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP) after lung cancer surgery.

Methods

Patients with suspected or confirmed lung cancer undergoing surgery by either video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterior thoracotomy were recruited consecutively. Preoperative assessments were conducted by: quantitative sensory testing (QST) (brush, pinprick, cuff pressure pain detection threshold, cuff pressure tolerance pain threshold, temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation), neuropathic pain symptom inventory (NPSI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Clinical parameters in relation to surgery were also collected. Presence of CPTP was determined after six months and defined as pain of any intensity in relation to the operation area on a numeric rating scale form 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).

Results

A total of 121 patients (60.2 %) completed follow-up and 56 patients (46.3 %) reported CPTP. Development of CPTP was associated with higher preoperative HADS score (p=0.025), higher preoperative NPSI score (p=0.009) and acute postoperative pain (p=0.042). No differences were observed in relation to preoperative QST assessment by cuff algometry and HADS anxiety and depression sub-scores.

Conclusions

High preoperative HADS score preoperative pain, acute postoperative pain intensity, and preoperative neuropathic symptoms were was associated with CPTP after lung cancer surgery. No differences in values of preoperative QST assessments were found. Preoperative assessment and identification of patients at higher risk of postoperative pain will offer opportunity for further exploration and development of preventive measures and individualised pain management depending on patient risk profile.
Debating Abortion and Contraception in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Bonfiglioli Chiara , Žerić Sara
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the debates on abortion rights and practices that took place in socialist Yugoslavia. It focuses on the microhistorical case studies of Varaždin and Karlovac, with specific attention given to the period between the first liberalisation of abortion for social reasons in 1960 and the full liberalisation of abortion until 10 weeks in 1969. The primary sources for this article stem from the collections of the Conference for the Social Activity of Women in the Croatian State Archives, as well as periodicals such as Arhiv za zaštitu majke i djeteta issued by the Institute for the Protection of Mother and Child in Zagreb. Digitalised local press sources – Varaždinski vjesnik and Karlovački tjednik – are also explored. As shown in the paper, the liberalisation of abortion in 1960s Yugoslavia generated a wide array of dilemmas for women and practitioners alike. While legal abortions were seen as necessary to curb illegal ones, they were nonetheless perceived by local practitioners as something that should best be prevented and which could prejudice a woman’s reproductive abilities, particularly in the case of first pregnancies. Many women recurred to legal and illegal abortion as a result of the lack in health infrastructure, unavailable contraceptives, difficult social conditions and persisting patriarchal gender norms.
Humanitarka i distro
Authors: Mucko Bojan
Published: June 2023

Tekst je refleksija o istraživačkom pristupu europskom režimu iregulariziranih migracija baziranom na participaciji u humanitarno-aktivističkim aktivnostima u kontekstu obilježenom normalizacijom nasilja na periferiji Europske unije. Vernakularnim humanitarnim praksama odozdo prilazim etnografski, povezivanjem (umjetničkog, izvaninstitucionalnog) rada u getoiziranom zagrebačkom romskom naselju s promigrantskim volonterskim angažmanom u Unsko-sanskom kantonu Bosne i Hercegovine (u znanstvenom, institucionalnom okviru). Humanitarizmu pristupam kritički, istovremeno i kao momentu desubjektivizacije i bitnom koraku širih, društveno inkluzivnih procesa. Istraživačka praksa u kontekstu kriminalizacije solidarnosti podrazumijevala je navigaciju kroz metodološki nepredvidive situacije, fluidno, sklisko, uslojeno pozicioniranje, identitetske sive zone, disciplinarne i normativne liminalnosti. Posljedične ambivalentnosti percipiram kao dio otvorenog istraživačkog procesa nerazlučivog od vlastite svakodnevice perforirane režimom migracija.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Non-typhoidal Salmonella from Retail Foods Collected in 2020 in China
Authors: Hu Yujie , Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Jing , Zhang Hongyuan , Xiao Yang , Dong Shuangjia , Song Yingyang , Dong Yinping , Bai Yao , Li Fengqin
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of human salmonellosis globally. Food animals are major NTS reservoirs. An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne NTS has led to clinical treatment failures. Here, to examine the prevalence and perform characterization of foodborne NTS with AMR in China, we tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,256 NTS isolates cultured from retail foods in 2020 in China.

Methods:

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 26 antimicrobial agents representing 12 classes was evaluated with the broth-microdilution method; the presence of ten mcr genes was screened with multi-PCR. The complete closed genomes of mcr-gene-carrying isolates were generated by hybrid assembly through whole genome sequencing on both the PacBio and Illumina platforms. Genomic features and genetic environments of the mcr-1 gene were analysed.

Results:

The overall drug resistance rate was 92.28%, and the multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate was 76.53%. A total of 341 AMR profiles were determined, and resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (63.38%). Among 887 NTS isolates with MDR, 232 showed co-resistance to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, and 25 were resistant to ten classes of antimicrobial agents. The resistance of NTS isolated from different regions varied. Isolates from raw chicken sources most frequently showed resistance. Four NTS carried the mcr-1 gene and represented four different serotypes. Four mcr-1 gene-bearing plasmids from the four Salmonella isolates were classified into two replicon types (IncI2 and IncHI2A). Two mcr-1 genes in IncI2 type plasmids were found to be located between a PAP2 family protein-encoding gene and a relaxase-encoding gene, whereas the other two mcr-1 gene structures in IncHI2A type plasmids showed variations in the presence of insertion sequences.

Conclusion:

Our data demonstrated severe AMR among foodborne NTS isolated from food in China, thus highlighting the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance to decrease the spread of AMR, particularly to critical drugs in human medicine.
Spinal Sensorimotor Circuits Play a Prominent Role in Hindlimb Locomotor Recovery after Staggered Thoracic Lateral Hemisections but Cannot Restore Posture and Interlimb Coordination during Quadrupedal Locomotion in Adult Cats
Authors: Audet Johannie , Yassine Sirine , Lecomte Charly G. , Mari Stephen , Soucy Félix , Morency Caroline , Merlet Angèle N. , Harnie Jonathan , Beaulieu Claudie , Gendron Louis , Rybak Ilya A. , Prilutsky Boris I. , Frigon Alain
Published: June 2023

Spinal sensorimotor circuits interact with supraspinal and peripheral inputs to generate quadrupedal locomotion. Ascending and descending spinal pathways ensure coordination between the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts these pathways. To investigate the control of interlimb coordination and hindlimb locomotor recovery, we performed two lateral thoracic hemisections on opposite sides of the cord (right T5–T6 and left T10–T11) at an interval of approximately two months in eight adult cats. In three cats, the spinal cord was transected at T12–T13. We collected electromyography (EMG) and kinematic data during quadrupedal and hindlimb-only locomotion before and after spinal lesions. We show that (1) cats spontaneously recover quadrupedal locomotion following staggered hemisections but require balance assistance after the second one, (2) coordination between the forelimbs and hindlimbs displays 2:1 patterns (two cycles of one forelimb within one hindlimb cycle) and becomes weaker and more variable after both hemisections, (3) left-right asymmetries in hindlimb stance and swing durations appear after the first hemisection and reverse after the second, and (4) support periods reorganize after staggered hemisections to favor support involving both forelimbs and diagonal limbs. Cats expressed hindlimb locomotion the day following spinal transection, indicating that lumbar sensorimotor circuits play a prominent role in hindlimb locomotor recovery after staggered hemisections. These results reflect a series of changes in spinal sensorimotor circuits that allow cats to maintain and recover some level of quadrupedal locomotor functionality with diminished motor commands from the brain and cervical cord, although the control of posture and interlimb coordination remains impaired.
Neonatal screening for primary and central congenital hypothyroidism: is it time to go Dutch?
Authors: Boelen Anita , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash , Heijboer Annemieke C , van Trotsenburg A S Paul
Published: June 2023

Thyroid hormone (TH) is indispensable for brain development in utero and during the first 2–3 years of life, and the negative effects of TH deficiency on brain development are irreversible. Detection of TH deficiency early in life by neonatal screening allows early treatment, thereby preventing brain damage.

Inborn shortage of TH, also named congenital hypothyroidism (CH), can be the result of defective thyroid gland development or TH synthesis (primary or thyroidal CH (CH-T)). Primary CH is characterized by low blood TH and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. Less frequently, CH is due to insufficient stimulation of the thyroid gland because of disturbed hypothalamic or pituitary function (central CH). Central CH is characterized by low TH concentrations, while TSH is normal, low or slightly elevated.

Most newborn screening (NBS) programs for CH are primarily TSH based and thereby do not detect central CH. Only a few NBS programs worldwide aim to detect both forms of CH by different strategies. In the Netherlands, we have a unique T4–TSH–thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) NBS algorithm for CH, which enables the detection of primary and central CH.

Although the necessity of central CH detection by NBS is still under debate, it has been shown that most central CH patients have moderate-to-severe hypothyroidism instead of mild and that early detection of central CH by NBS probably improves its clinical outcome and clinical care for central CH patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. We are therefore convinced that detection of central CH by NBS is of utmost importance.
LAS PROCLAMACIONES REGIAS EN LA CAPITAL DEL REINO DE MALLORCA (1724-1789)
Authors: Pascual Ramos Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Este artículo es una aportación al estudio de las proclamaciones regias celebradas en la capital del reino de Mallorca, Palma, a partir de la instauración de los Borbones una vez acaba la guerra de Sucesión Española. El propósito es conocer cuáles fueron los preparativos de la proclamación real en la capital del reino insular, así como de la ceremonia de proclamación, los juegos ecuestres, las fiestas gremiales y los simulacros de combates navales y fuegos artificiales celebrados el último día del programa festivo. El artículo también incluye un análisis de quien pagaba y de los gastos que ocasionaban la real proclamación.
Effect of grape seed extract on β-catenin gene expression and hyperglycemia in rats induced by streptozotocin
Authors: Gulbahce-Mutlu Elif , Arslan Emine , Arikoglu Hilal
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus, insülin direnci ve/veya insülin eksikliği veya yetersizliği durumunda yüksek kan şekeri ile karakterize metabolik bir hastalıktır. Wnt/β-katenin sinyal yolu, tüm fizyolojik süreçlerde rol oynar. Yoldaki herhangi bir kusur diyabetin gelişmesine neden olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, deneysel Tip 2 diyabetik sıçanlarda üzüm çekirdeği ekstresinin (GSE) vücut ağırlığı, kan şekeri ve β-katenin geni ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlar Kontrol, Diyabetik Kontrol ve Tedavi grupları (100, 200, 400 mg/kg GSE) olmak üzere beş gruba ayrıldı. Diyabet ve tedavi gruplarındaki ratlara yüksek yağlı diyet ve düşük doz streptozotosin (35 mg/ kg) verildi. Deney süresince sıçanların vücut ağırlıkları haftalık olarak kaydedildi. Suda çözünen ekstraktlar dört hafta boyunca gavaj yoluyla uygulandı ve çalışmada tedavi sonunda hayvanlardan alınan karaciğer, pankreas ve kan örnekleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: GSE tedavisinin diyabete bağlı genel kilo kaybı üzerine etkisinin minimal olduğu, 100 ve 400 mg/kg GSE dozlarının kan şekerini düşürdüğü gözlendi (p<0,05). β-katenin gen ekspresyonu sonuçlarına göre karaciğer dokusu (p>0,05) ve pankreas dokusu (p<0,05) açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu. Öneri: Elde edilen bulgulara göre üzüm çekirdeği diyabetin tedavisinde umut verici olabilir.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in different tissues of goats infected with small ruminant lentivirus
Authors: Kanat Ozgur , Ataseven Veysel Soydal , Incecik Veli , Dogan Firat , Secinti Ilke Evrim
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Küçük ruminant lentivirus enfeksiyonu, koyun ve keçilerde patolojik ve klinik olarak mastitis, maedi, visna ve artritise neden olan bir dizi ana hedef organı aynı anda ve immunpatojenik olarak etkileyebilen kronik ve tedavi edilemez bir karaktere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal olarak enfekte keçilerin farklı dokularındaki lezyonları ve hücresel dağılımını ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, seropozitif olduğu bilinen toplam 6 adet keçi, ayrıca 1 adet abort fötus kullanıldı. Histopatolojik bulgular ve immunohistokimyasal olarak, hücresel dağılımlar tespit edildi. Bulgular: Histopatolojik olarak bronkopnömoni ve kronik intersitisyel pnömoni, enteritis, böbreklerde proksimal ve distal tubulus epitellerinde hidropik dejenerasyon ve nekroz, hiyalin damlacıkları ve hiyalin silindirleri, dalakta konjesyon ve lenfoid hücrelerde azalma, kalpte konjesyon, hiyalin dejenerasyonu ve nekroz ile karaciğerde hidropik dejenerasyon, nekroz ve hepatitis gözlendi. İmmunohistokimyasal olarak akciğerde bronş ve bronşiyollerin epitellerinde, alveoler makrofajlarda ve lenfositlerde, dalakta lenfosit ve makrofajlarda, bağırsaklarda kript ve villus epitellerinde, lenfosit ve makrofajlarda, karaciğerde ise Kupffer hücrelerinde ve lenfositlerde pozitif boyanmalar görüldü. Aksine, böbrekler ve kalpte pozitiflik görülmedi. Öneri: Sonuç olarak, keçi yetiştiriciliğinde önemli bir yeri bulunan küçük ruminant lentivirus enfeksiyonunda elde edilen veriler ve bu verilerin, yeni çalışmalarda ve geliştirilebilecek mücadele programlarında önem arz edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Effect of particle size and aeration on the biological delignification of corn straw using Trametes sp. 44
Authors: Quintanar Gómez Samuel , Arana-Cuenca Ainhoa , Mercado Flores Yuridia , Gracida Rodríguez Jorge Noel , Téllez-Jurado Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Straw is an agricultural byproduct that can be utilized to obtain bioethanol without affecting animal or human sustinence. This process involves recovering the sugars and reducing the lignin content present through the use of ligninolytic fungi such as the basidiomycete Trametes sp. 44. Fermentation was carried out using particle sizes 4 (4.76 mm, No. 4 sieve) and 8 (2.30 mm, No. 8 sieve), and two velocities of airflow (100 and 200 mL/min). Study results showed that particle size affected the production of hydrolytic enzymes, as particle size 8 favored the expression of cellulases and hemicellulases. In addition, both aeration and particle size affected the expression of ligninolytic enzymes, as it was observed that with particle size 8 and airflow of 200 mL/min, the study detected 63 AU/mL of LiP and 11 AU/mL of MnP. In the case of laccase, the enzymatic activity detected reached 220 AU/mL using particle size 8 and an airflow velocity of 200 mL/min. Statistical analysis indicated that the treatment that produced the highest biological delignification occurred when Trametes sp. 44 was grown on corn straw at particle size 4 and airflow of 100 mL/min, conditions that yielded 34% delignification at day 12 of fermentation.
Fractionation and thermal characterization of hemicelluloses from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culm
Authors: Peng Hong , Hu Zhengrong , Yu Ziping , Zhang Jinsheng , Liu Yuhuan , Wan Yiqin , Ruan Roger
Published: June 2023

Water-soluble hemicelluloses and eight alkali-soluble hemicelluloses were fractionated from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culm with hot distilled water, 2% NaOH, 2% KOH, 5% NaOH, and 5% KOH aqueous solution. The chemical structures, as analyzed employing FTIR spectrometry, suggested that all the hemicelluloses were likely to be comprised of arabinoxylans associated with lignin more or less. Thermal analysis for hemicelluloses was carried out using TG-DTG method under nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, and first-order kinetics was evaluated. The major pyrolysis was focused at 187-346 °C, with activation energy ranging from 23.77 to 45.02 kJ/mol. The alkali-soluble fractions, being soluble in solution only at pH higher than 5.5, presented lower thermal stability and higher values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor than the alkali-soluble fractions remaining soluble in alkaline solution at pH lower than 5.5 and insoluble in ethanol. The chemical property of the hemicellulose fractions may greatly influence the thermal characteristics.
Feasibility of CO2 Injection for Enhance Oil Recovery: A Case Study in the KMJ Layer of HKY Field
Authors: Kristanto Dedy , Hariyadi  , Yusgiantoro Luky A.
Published: June 2023

Carbondioxide (CO2) injection is a very effective and proven technology for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and oil swelling are two important factors of the CO2 gas displacement mechanism that occurs in the reservoir when CO2 injection is applied to enhance oil recovery. In this study, MMP determination between crude oil samples and CO2 gas has been conducted using three methods, i.e., empirical equation, correlations method, and laboratory experiment using slimtube. The determination of the swelling factor was conducted using a PVT cell, where recombined fluid is injected at the reservoir temperature. The MMP value from the empirical equation (2810 psig) is relatively close to the MMP value from the laboratory experiment (2807 psig), with a difference of 3 psig. The swelling test results show that the bubble point pressure and the swelling factor increase from 410 psig to 2200 psig and from 1.0 to 1.442, respectively, as the CO2 gas injection reaches 46.82% mole. Since the fracture pressure of the KMJ Layer in the HKY Field is 2200 psig and the MMP is 2807 psig, only immiscible CO2 flooding can be applied in the field because the CO2 MMP is higher than the fracture pressure.
Resemblances and differences between osteoradionecrosis of the jaw and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Golu Mihai Vlad , Paşcanu Ionela , Petrovan Cecilia , Mocan Simona , Cosarcă Adina , Bereczki Temistocle Despina , Ormenişan Alina
Published: June 2023

Aim. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the clinical, radiological, and histological characteristics of patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and treated at the Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of the Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Targu Mures between 2017 and 2022. The study aimed to analyze correlations between patient characteristics, particularly their history of bone modifying agent use or local radiotherapy during cancer treatment, in order to identify specific patient profiles that could aid in evaluating treatment response and guide individualized treatment strategies.

Methods. Fifty-two patients diagnosed with ONJ were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on their medical history: the bone modifying agent use group and the radiotherapy group. Clinical, radiological, and histological data were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis, including p-values, was performed to compare patient characteristics between the two groups.

Results. Patients in the radiotherapy group were significantly older than those in the bone modifying agent use group (66 years vs. 56.9 years, p=0.001). There was a higher proportion of males in the radiotherapy group compared to the bone modifying agent use group (90% vs. 22%, p<0.001). Jaw involvement was more prevalent in the radiotherapy group compared to the bone modifying agent use group (95% vs. 66%, p=0.018). Histological analysis showed a similar frequency of Actinomyces species in both groups (50% vs. 34%, p=0.264).

Conclusions. The findings of this study suggest the existence of two distinct patient profiles based on their treatment history (bone modifying agent use vs. radiotherapy) in ONJ. Patients in the radiotherapy group were older, predominantly male, and exhibited a higher prevalence of jaw involvement. Histological analysis revealed no significant differences in Actinomyces species frequency between the two groups. These distinct patient profiles may indicate different responses to treatment, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment strategies tailored to specific patient characteristics. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and develop personalized approaches for managing ONJ.
Impact of Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility on Ethical Evaluation of Earnings Management and Motivation to Use It
Authors: Striupaitytė Milda , Bachtijeva Diana
Published: June 2023

In this paper, earnings management is analyzed in the light of stakeholder theory in order to evaluate earnings management ethics. The main reasons for using earnings management are studied and systematically arranged in the context of stakeholder theory. An assumption is made that together with other motives mentioned in the literature, perceived role of ethics and social responsibility may not only influence ethical evaluation of earnings management, but also impact use of earnings management in accounting practice. The results of a study on impact of perceived roles of ethics and social responsibility on ethical evaluation of earnings management, carried out among accountants providing professional services in Lithuania, are presented in this paper. The ethical evaluation of earnings management has been found to depend on its type. Accrual-based earnings management is seen as more unethical than real earnings management. It also reveals that accountants' belief that business ethics and social responsibility are less important is a motivation for the use of manipulative accounting.
The smallest constant of physics
Authors: Li Shuming , Huang Lihua Li , Li Shuwei , Li Shuyun
Published: June 2023

This study suggests that the smallest physical constant exists for the product of space interval, time interval, and energy. The integer times of which correspond to the product of the energy, space interval, and time interval of any particle. Combined with fractal geometry, many parameters that cannot be calculated using current physical theory can be calculated through our new method. As a new theoretical prediction, these new results will be tested by the experiment.
Fathers, Breastfeeding, and Infant Sleep Practices: Findings From a State-Representative Survey
Authors: Parker John James , Simon Clarissa , Bendelow Anne , Bryan Michael , Smith Ruben A. , Kortsmit Katherine , Salvesen von Essen Beatriz , Williams Letitia , Dieke Ada , Warner Lee , Garfield Craig F.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES

To assess infant breastfeeding initiation and any breastfeeding at 8 weeks and safe sleep practices (back sleep position, approved sleep surface, and no soft objects or loose bedding [“soft bedding”]) by select paternal characteristics among a state-representative sample of fathers with new infants.

METHODS

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) for Dads, a novel population-based cross-sectional study, surveyed fathers in Georgia 2–6 months after their infant’s birth. Fathers were eligible if the infant's mother was sampled for maternal PRAMS from October 2018 to July 2019.

RESULTS

Of 250 respondents, 86.1% reported their infants ever breastfed and 63.4% reported breastfeeding at 8 weeks. Initiation and breastfeeding at 8 weeks were more likely to be reported by fathers who reported wanting their infant’s mother to breastfeed than those who did not want her to breastfeed or had no opinion (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.68; aPR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.59–3.42, respectively) and fathers who were college graduates than those with ≤high school diploma (aPR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06–1.46; aPR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.08–1.91, respectively). Although about four-fifths (81.1%) of fathers reported usually placing their infants to sleep on their back, fewer fathers report avoiding soft bedding (44.1%) or using an approved sleep surface (31.9%). Non-Hispanic Black fathers were less likely to report back sleep position (aPR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54–0.90) and no soft bedding (aPR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30–0.89) than non-Hispanic white fathers.

CONCLUSIONS

Fathers reported suboptimal infant breastfeeding rates and safe sleep practices overall and by paternal characteristics, suggesting opportunities to include fathers in promotion of breastfeeding and infant safe sleep.
Development of method for the identification of hybrid challenges and threats in the national security management system
Authors: Shyshatskyi Andrii , Hurskyi Taras , Vdovytskyi Yevhenii , Vozniak Roman , Nalapko Oleksii , Andriishena Halyna , Shabanova-Kushnarenko Lyubov , Protas Nadiia , Vakulenko Yuliia , Pyvovarchuk Serhii
Published: June 2023

As a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine, some fundamental theses regarding the nature of hybrid military operations will require clarification and even revision. First of all, this refers to the widespread perception of the asymmetric nature of hybrid threats as those used by a weaker opponent against a party with significantly greater military, technological and human potential. This, in turn, requires the use of modern and proven mathematical apparatus, which is capable of processing a large array of various types of data in a short period of time with a given reliability of making management decisions. The object of research is the system of strategic management of national security. The subject of the research is the method of detection and identification of hybrid challenges and threats in the national security management system. In the research, the method of detection and identification of hybrid challenges and threats in the national security management system was developed. The novelty of the research:
– a destructive effect on the system of national security management by adding an appropriate correction factor;
– the use of an improved procedure of deep learning of the database of the system of detection and identification of hybrid challenges and threats to the national security of the state;
– a mechanism for resolving conflicting cases of classification is used due to additional training, adaptation of detectors to the type and intensity of the hybrid challenge and threat to the national security of the state;
– the procedure for automatically calculating the detector activation threshold and the universality of the structure of their representation due to the hierarchy and flexibility for the available hardware resources of the detection and identification system.
It is advisable to implement the specified method in algorithmic and software while studying the state of the national security system.
Development of method for anti-icing materials consumption optimization during winter road maintenance
Authors: Kharchenko Anna , Smirnov Anatolii
Published: June 2023

The object of research is the processes of managing the consumption of anti-icing materials during the winter maintenance of highways. The main hypothesis of the research is the application of mathematical modelling methods to optimize the consumption of anti-icing materials. The study considered the factors that affect the use of both individual types and anti-icing materials as a whole. It was determined that the temperature of the road surface and the selected winter maintenance strategy taking into account the level of service (LOS) are significant factors. A mathematical model of material consumption optimization based on the binary numbering system is proposed. Additional limitations to the model have been established: compliance with the criteria of reliability, preservation of assets, road safety, compliance with user expectations (social factor), environmental friendliness, efficiency of the use of materials. An algorithm for the application of the method of optimizing the consumption of anti-icing materials during the winter maintenance of highways has been developed. It was determined that the developed method solves the main problem of minimizing the costs of anti-icing materials, taking into account the requirements of the level of service, the chosen strategy, the temperature of the road surface and the criteria of impact on winter maintenance. It is proposed to implement the calculation according to this method using the built-in «Parameter selection» function in the Microsoft Excel license environment (USA). The results obtained by the optimization method, based on real data, showed the possibility of saving materials by about 23 %, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
The results of calculations based on the method of optimization of material consumption have practical value and can be used to make management decisions regarding the justification of winter road maintenance operations. The proposed method can be used both for the cost planning phase and in the case of analysis in the post-implementation period. This is an important aspect in the conditions of financial and resource uncertainty, including those related to circumstances of force majeure, in particular, martial law in Ukraine.
The interaction of tide and river flow on water quality in Hai Phong coastal waters (Lach Huyen - Do Son) drawn from field observation
Authors: Vu Thanh Ca , Mai Van Tien , Nguyen Bich Ngoc , Nguyen Van Doan , Hoang Truong
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the results of a study on the impacts of the interaction of tide and river flow on water quality at the Hai Phong coastal water, outside the Nam Trieu estuary and Lach Huyen, drawn from field observation from October 14, 2022, to October 17, 2022. During the field observation, the dissolved oxygen concentration was measured, and water samples were taken at the surface, mid-depth, and bottom of 8 observational points at 1:00, 7:00, 13:00, and 19:00 h. Five sewage wastewater samples at Do Son coast and 6 coastal and river water samples were also taken. The collected seawater samples were laboratory analyzed to determine the concentration of BOD5, COD, TN, and TP. Additionally, the concentration of ions NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, and PO43- are determined by analyzing collected coastal, river, and sewage water samples and seawater samples at mid-depth at all observational points in a laboratory. It was found that the concentration of essential nutrients and other environmental components in wastewater samples generally does not exceed those specified in Vietnam regulations. The discharge of wastewater during the field observation was minimal. Thus it could be expected that the wastewater would not have a notable influence on seawater quality in the marine study area. Consequently, the study area’s primary source of nutrient pollutants was rivers. Time variation of the concentration of environmental components reveals that the nutrient concentration in the marine study area strongly influences by the interaction of the tide and river flow. The concentration of dissolved oxygen and major nutrient components in seawater at 8 points was within the limit of Vietnam standard for coastal water. However, significant nutrient concentration exceeds thresholds for eutrophication.
Analysis of the Instruction Question Language in the Arabic Textbook for Class X Islamic Senior High School Published by the Ministry of Religion of Indonesia/ Analisis Bahasa Intruksi Soal pada Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Terbitan Kemenag Indonesia
Authors: Amrulloh Ahmad Yasir , Ana Nurjannah  , Muhammad Alfan
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the quality of language instruction in the class X Madrasah Aliyah Arabic textbook published by the ministry of religion in 2020 by referring to the language instruction criteria for question practice according to Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah and the Directorate of Islamic Education. The research method is descriptive qualitative with the Miles and Huberman model. Data found 53 kinds of exercise instructions in four maharah with data results: 1) using Arabic fusha, there are 53 items, 2) the point instruction language used easily to understand there are 53 points, 3) unambiguous there are 51 points, 4) giving examples of how to do it, there are 8 points, 5) using correct and standard language rules, there are 49 points, 6) using communicative language there are 53 points. Thus, the instructions for practising questions in the book are very suitable to be used as a reference in making exercise instructions.
An Analysis of Online Learning System of Arabic Courses at Universites in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Novitri Nur Asnah
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the extent to which educational institutions at the tertiary level are prepared to face the online learning system. Researchers collected data from various universities in Indonesia from Sumatra to Sulawesi. The things that are the focus of this research are (1) How is the online learning process for Arabic courses at the university level in various cities in Indonesia, (2) What factors support and what factors become obstacles in implementing online language courses Arabic ?. This study found that learning strategies, learning methods and learning media are closely related to the success of learning in the Arabic language course network at the university level. Meanwhile, the comparison between the supporting factors and the factors that hinder the learning system so far can still be tolerated or solutions can be given by the policies of each university.