bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Smoke Flavour in Wine from Chemical Composition of Smoke-Exposed Grapes and Wine
Authors: Parker Mango , Maddy Jiang WenWen , Bilogrevic Eleanor , Likos Desireé , Gledhill John , Coulter Adrian D. , Cowey Geoff D. , Simos Con A. , Francis I. Leigh , Herderich Markus J.
Published: April 2023

Wine grapes exposed to smoke and wine made from grapes exposed to smoke can robustly be identified through their elevated concentrations of volatile phenols and phenolic glycosides serving as smoke markers, compared to concentrations typically found in non-smoke-exposed samples. Smoke-affected wines with high concentrations of volatile phenols and glycosides can have smoky flavours, but the relationship between concentrations of specific smoke markers in grapes and the intensity of smoky sensory attributes in the resulting wine has not been established. This study sought to determine whether volatile phenols and glycoside concentration in grapes and wine are suited to predict smoke flavour, to identify the key drivers of smoke flavour in both matrices. The study aimed to determine what concentrations of volatiles and glycosides in grapes impart an unacceptable smoke flavour in the resulting wine, to provide a guide for producers assessing suitability of smoke-exposed grapes for wine production. During vintage 2020, a total of 65 grape samples were collected from vineyards exposed to bushfire smoke, as well as unaffected vineyards. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Shiraz grapes were harvested from vineyards in New South Wales, South Australia, and Victoria. Unoaked wines (50 kg scale) were produced under controlled conditions. The wines had a wide range of smoke flavour intensities rated by a trained sensory panel. Statistical models based on guaiacol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, and some glycosides gave good predictions of smoke flavour intensity, with a slightly different optimal model for each cultivar. Subsequently, critical concentrations for quality defects were estimated to provide a guide for producers. A subset of smoke exposure markers in wine grapes affected by smoke from bushfires can be used to predict the degree of smoke flavour in wine. This information provides a first guide for assessing the risk of producing smoke tainted wine from smoke-exposed grapes.
Research on the Multilabel Data Stream Classification Method Based on Fuzzy Complex Set‐Valued Measure Learning
Authors: Wu Hai Wei , Yun Da Wei , Gu Feng Run
Published: April 2023

In the process of modern industrial production equipment developing towards the direction of structure, automation, and intelligence, motor is still the main power output equipment. If the data flow classification occurs during the operation of the motor, it will lead to problems such as the reduction of its operation efficiency and the increase in system energy consumption. In serious cases, it will even cause motor damage, and the overall system equipment will be shut down for maintenance for a long time, resulting in serious economic losses. Therefore, the research on intelligent multilabel data stream classification technology of motor is of great significance to ensure the stability and reliability of efficient operation of production equipment. In order to improve the recognition efficiency and accuracy of ms‐1dcnn’s multilabel data stream classification method in the environment of variable motor conditions and strong noise interference, a multiscale feature fusion framework is constructed based on the residual network structure. The implementation principles of two kinds of attention mechanism algorithms, squeeze and excitation module and convolution attention module, are studied, respectively. The attention module suitable for one‐dimensional residual network is designed and embedded into the residual module to build a multiscale attention residual network model. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model are verified by using the experimental platform data.
ALFPN: Adaptive Learning Feature Pyramid Network for Small Object Detection
Authors: Chen Haolin , Wang Qi , Ruan Weijian , Zhu Jingxiang , Lei Liang , Wu Xue , Hao Gefei
Published: April 2023

Object detection has become a crucial technology in intelligent vision systems, enabling automatic detection of target objects. While most detectors perform well on open datasets, they often struggle with small‐scale objects. This is due to the traditional top‐down feature fusion methods that weaken the semantic and location information of small objects, leading to poor classification performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel feature pyramid network, the adaptive learnable feature pyramid network (ALFPN). Our approach features an adaptive feature inspection that incorporates learnable fusion coefficients in the fusion of different levels of feature layers, aiding the network in learning features with less noise. In addition, we construct a context‐aligned supervisor that adjusts the feature maps fused at different levels to avoid scaling‐related offset effects. Our experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state‐of‐the‐art results and is highly robust for the small object detection on the TT‐100K, PASCAL VOC, and COCO datasets. These findings indicate that a model’s ability to extract discriminant features is positively correlated with its performance in detecting small objects.
Random Fuzzy Power Flow Analysis for Power System considering the Uncertainties of Renewable Energy and Load Demands
Authors: Zheng J. H. , Xiao Wenting , Li Zhigang , Wu Q. H.
Published: April 2023

Due to the strong uncertainties of renewable energy and load demands, the new type of power systems is facing severe challenges in terms of generation control and load dispatch. Considering the uncertainties of the penetrated renewable energy and diversified load demands, this paper proposes a random fuzzy power flow analysis method (RFPF) to exactly depict the impact on the various flows of power systems. In the RFPF, the random fuzzy models of wind turbine generators, photovoltaic generators, and load demands are established utilizing the stochastic probability functions and fuzzy interval to reveal the uncertainties with high precision. Afterwards, the random fuzzy mean value is developed as an index of accuracy, and the fuzzy number of the output variables is extracted under the 95% confidence level. Furthermore, the proposed RFPF model is executed by applying a three-point estimate method (3PE) to figure out the corresponding power flow of the power system, costing less computation burden compared with the Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation studies conducted on the IEEE-33 system verifies the accuracy of the RFPF and the efficiency of the 3PE.
Exploring Primary Care Streaming Pathway in Emergency Departments in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hawsawi Marwah , Alilyyani Bayan
Published: April 2023

Background. Due to significant emergency department overcrowding, some hospitals implemented a system of directing certain patients who were deemed not in need of emergency care to other facilities called triage away. Pathways were developed as ways to stream patient from emergency departments to primary healthcare who is presenting with less urgent or nonurgent conditions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the pathways (process) for streaming patients from emergency department to primary healthcare at three different sites across Western Region of Saudi Arabia and to identify the streaming criteria and guidance. Materials and Methods. This study used a qualitative observational design. Data were collected through an unstructured observational approach, with an in-depth case study observation involving three emergency departments in the Western Region. Data were collected over three months until data saturated and recorded in the form of filed notes. Results. The results of this study explored that all CTAS-5 were streamed away either (off-site) or (on-site) from emergency department. The average of the sorting/triage cases were around 200 to 250 per shift, and about third to half of them were streamed to Primary Health Centre or Urgent Care Clinic. The total streamed patients were ranging from 50 to 60 per shift, which mean 15–20 case per hour. The study highlighted many factors that influence the practice and decision of streaming. Conclusions. In general, the term “streaming” was not as widely known among emergency clinicians, as was the term “triage.” However, streaming was performed as an evidence-based practice, and clinicians routinely acted to direct patients based on hospital policies. Although, in one hospital, some nurses hack the system to manage the flow of patients based on their intuition. In contrast, the nurses in another hospital emphasised the importance of experience and confidence in streaming improvement.
Stability Analysis of Second-Order Linear PDEs on Time Scales
Authors: Liu Ruihong , Zhang Chuan , Zhang Xianfu , Meng Fanwei , Zhang Hao
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the stability analysis of a class of second-order linear partial differential equations (PDEs) on time scales with diffusion operator and first-order partial derivative. According to the time scale theory, the Lyapunov functional method, and some inequality techniques, sufficient conditions for exponential stability are strictly obtained, and the results are generalized for that where both the discrete-time and continuous-time cases are considered jointly. In addition, the theoretical results are applied to exponential synchronization of reaction-diffusion neural networks (RDNNs). Simulation examples are given to verify the feasibility of our results.
Data from Preclinical Development and Evaluation of Allogeneic CAR T Cells Targeting CD70 for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Panowski Siler H. , Srinivasan Surabhi , Tan Nguyen , Tacheva-Grigorova Silvia K. , Smith Bryan , Mak Yvonne S.L. , Ning Hongxiu , Villanueva Jonathan , Wijewarnasuriya Dinali , Lang Shanshan , Melton Zea , Ghosh Adit , Dusseaux Mathilde , Galetto Roman , Heyen Jonathan R. , Sai Tao , Van Blarcom Thomas , Chaparro-Riggers Javier , Sasu Barbra J.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
CD70 is highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with limited expression in normal tissue, making it an attractive CAR T target for an immunogenic solid tumor indication. Here we generated and characterized a panel of anti-CD70 single-chain fragment variable (scFv)–based CAR T cells. Despite the expression of CD70 on T cells, production of CAR T cells from a subset of scFvs with potent in vitro activity was achieved. Expression of CD70 CARs masked CD70 detection in cis and provided protection from CD70 CAR T cell–mediated fratricide. Two distinct classes of CAR T cells were identified with differing memory phenotype, activation status, and cytotoxic activity. Epitope mapping revealed that the two classes of CARs bind unique regions of CD70. CD70 CAR T cells displayed robust antitumor activity against RCC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Tissue cross-reactivity studies identified membrane staining in lymphocytes, thus matching the known expression pattern of CD70. In a cynomolgus monkey CD3-CD70 bispecific toxicity study, expected findings related to T-cell activation and elimination of CD70-expressing cells were observed, including cytokine release and loss of cellularity in lymphoid tissues. Finally, highly functional CD70 allogeneic CAR T cells were produced at large scale through elimination of the T-cell receptor by TALEN-based gene editing. Taken together, these efficacy and safety data support the evaluation of CD70 CAR T cells for the treatment of RCC and has led to the advancement of an allogeneic CD70 CAR T-cell candidate into phase I clinical trials.
Significance:
These findings demonstrate the efficacy and safety of fratricide-resistant, allogeneic anti-CD70 CAR T cells targeting renal cell carcinoma and the impact of CAR epitope on functional activity.

See related commentary by Adotévi and Galaine, p. 2517
Figure S5 from Loss of LGR5 through Therapy-induced Downregulation or Gene Ablation Is Associated with Resistance and Enhanced MET-STAT3 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Posey Tressie A. , Jacob Joan , Parkhurst Ashlyn , Subramanian Shraddha , Francisco Liezl E. , Liang Zhengdong , Carmon Kendra S.
Published: April 2023

shows LGR5 expression and cytotoxicity of irinotecan, stattic, and anti-LGR5 ADCs in PDO model
Fig. S6 from Small-Molecule–Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Avelar Rita A. , Armstrong Amy J. , Carvette Gracie , Gupta Riya , Puleo Noah , Colina Jose A. , Joseph Peronne , Sobeck Alexander M. , O'Connor Caitlin M. , Raines Brynne , Gandhi Agharnan , Dziubinski Michele L. , Ma Daniel S. , Resnick Kimberly , Singh Sareena , Zanotti Kristine , Nagel Christa , Waggoner Steven , Thomas Daffyd G. , Skala Stephanie L. , Zhang Junran , Narla Goutham , DiFeo Analisa
Published: April 2023

Fig. S6
Supplementary Figure 5 from Novel Arginase Inhibitor, AZD0011, Demonstrates Immune Cell Stimulation and Antitumor Efficacy with Diverse Combination Partners
Authors: Doshi Aatman S. , Cantin Susan , Hernandez Marylens , Srinivasan Srimathi , Tentarelli Sharon , Griffin Matthew , Wang Yanjun , Pop-Damkov Petar , Prickett Laura B. , Kankkonen Cecilia , Shen Minhui , Martin Maryann San , Wu Song , Castaldi M. Paola , Ghadially Hormas , Varnes Jeffrey , Gales Sonya , Henry David , Hoover Clare , Mele Deanna A. , Simpson Iain , Gangl Eric T. , Mlynarski Scott N. , Finlay M. Raymond V. , Drew Lisa , Fawell Stephen E. , Shao Wenlin , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 5
Fig. S1 from Small-Molecule–Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Avelar Rita A. , Armstrong Amy J. , Carvette Gracie , Gupta Riya , Puleo Noah , Colina Jose A. , Joseph Peronne , Sobeck Alexander M. , O'Connor Caitlin M. , Raines Brynne , Gandhi Agharnan , Dziubinski Michele L. , Ma Daniel S. , Resnick Kimberly , Singh Sareena , Zanotti Kristine , Nagel Christa , Waggoner Steven , Thomas Daffyd G. , Skala Stephanie L. , Zhang Junran , Narla Goutham , DiFeo Analisa
Published: April 2023

Fig. S1
Data from Loss of LGR5 through Therapy-induced Downregulation or Gene Ablation Is Associated with Resistance and Enhanced MET-STAT3 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Posey Tressie A. , Jacob Joan , Parkhurst Ashlyn , Subramanian Shraddha , Francisco Liezl E. , Liang Zhengdong , Carmon Kendra S.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs) that play important roles in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Loss of LGR5 has been shown to enhance therapy resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this resistance remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate conversion of LGR5+ colorectal cancer cells to an LGR5− state in response to chemotherapy, LGR5− targeted antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), or LGR5 gene ablation led to activation of STAT3. Further investigation revealed increased STAT3 activation occurred as a result of increased mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) factor receptor activity. LGR5 overexpression decreased MET-STAT3 activity and sensitized colorectal cancer cells to therapy. STAT3 inhibition suppressed MET phosphorylation, while constitutively active STAT3 reduced LGR5 levels and increased MET activity, suggesting a potential feedback mechanism. Combination treatment of MET-STAT3 inhibitors with irinotecan or antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) substantiated synergistic effects in colorectal cancer cells and tumor organoids. In colorectal cancer xenografts, STAT3 inhibition combined with irinotecan enhanced tumor growth suppression and prolonged survival. These findings suggest a mechanism by which drug-resistant LGR5− colorectal cancer cells acquire a survival advantage through activation of MET-STAT3 and provide rationale for new treatment strategies to target colorectal cancer.
Data from Novel Arginase Inhibitor, AZD0011, Demonstrates Immune Cell Stimulation and Antitumor Efficacy with Diverse Combination Partners
Authors: Doshi Aatman S. , Cantin Susan , Hernandez Marylens , Srinivasan Srimathi , Tentarelli Sharon , Griffin Matthew , Wang Yanjun , Pop-Damkov Petar , Prickett Laura B. , Kankkonen Cecilia , Shen Minhui , Martin Maryann San , Wu Song , Castaldi M. Paola , Ghadially Hormas , Varnes Jeffrey , Gales Sonya , Henry David , Hoover Clare , Mele Deanna A. , Simpson Iain , Gangl Eric T. , Mlynarski Scott N. , Finlay M. Raymond V. , Drew Lisa , Fawell Stephen E. , Shao Wenlin , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Antitumor immunity can be hampered by immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, including recruitment of arginase (ARG) expressing myeloid cells that deplete l-arginine essential for optimal T-cell and natural killer cell function. Hence, ARG inhibition can reverse immunosuppression enhancing antitumor immunity. We describe AZD0011, a novel peptidic boronic acid prodrug to deliver an orally available, highly potent, ARG inhibitor payload (AZD0011-PL). We demonstrate that AZD0011-PL is unable to permeate cells, suggesting that this compound will only inhibit extracellular ARG. In vivo, AZD0011 monotherapy leads to arginine increases, immune cell activation, and tumor growth inhibition in various syngeneic models. Antitumor responses increase when AZD0011 is combined with anti–PD-L1 treatment, correlating with increases in multiple tumor immune cell populations. We demonstrate a novel triple combination of AZD0011, anti–PD-L1, and anti-NKG2A, and combination benefits with type I IFN inducers, including polyI:C and radiotherapy. Our preclinical data demonstrate AZD0011’s ability to reverse tumor immunosuppression and enhance immune stimulation and antitumor responses with diverse combination partners providing potential strategies to increase immuno-oncology therapies clinically.
Table S3 from Addressing Tumor Heterogeneity by Sensitizing Resistant Cancer Cells to T cell–Secreted Cytokines
Authors: Ito Yoshinaga , Pan Deng , Zhang Wubing , Zhang Xixi , Juan Tiffany Y. , Pyrdol Jason W. , Kyrysyuk Oleksandr , Doench John G. , Liu X. Shirley , Wucherpfennig Kai W.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table S3: ## Raw count matrix of the RNA-seq data. ## Atg5-KO vs Ctrl-KO (Veh).
Supplementary Fig. S5 from Addressing Tumor Heterogeneity by Sensitizing Resistant Cancer Cells to T cell–Secreted Cytokines
Authors: Ito Yoshinaga , Pan Deng , Zhang Wubing , Zhang Xixi , Juan Tiffany Y. , Pyrdol Jason W. , Kyrysyuk Oleksandr , Doench John G. , Liu X. Shirley , Wucherpfennig Kai W.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Fig. S5 shows association of Atg5-KO and Rnf31/Atg5-dKO signatures with patient survival.
Supplementary Fig. S11 from Addressing Tumor Heterogeneity by Sensitizing Resistant Cancer Cells to T cell–Secreted Cytokines
Authors: Ito Yoshinaga , Pan Deng , Zhang Wubing , Zhang Xixi , Juan Tiffany Y. , Pyrdol Jason W. , Kyrysyuk Oleksandr , Doench John G. , Liu X. Shirley , Wucherpfennig Kai W.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Fig. S11 shows pharmacological sensitization of human melanoma cell line to T cell cytokines.
Table S2 from Abatacept/Ruxolitinib and Screening for Concomitant Respiratory Muscle Failure to Mitigate Fatality of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Salem Joe-Elie , Bretagne Marie , Abbar Baptiste , Leonard-Louis Sarah , Ederhy Stéphane , Redheuil Alban , Boussouar Samia , Nguyen Lee S. , Procureur Adrien , Stein Frederic , Fenioux Charlotte , Devos Perrine , Gougis Paul , Dres Martin , Demoule Alexandre , Psimaras Dimitri , Lenglet Timothee , Maisonobe Thierry , De Chambrun Marc Pineton , Hekimian Guillaume , Straus Christian , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jesus , Klatzmann David , Rigolet Aude , Guillaume-Jugnot Perrine , Champtiaux Nicolas , Benveniste Olivier , Weiss Nicolas , Saheb Samir , Rouvier Philippe , Plu Isabelle , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Kerneis Mathieu , Hammoudi Nadjib , Zahr Noel , Llontop Claudia , Morelot-Panzini Capucine , Lehmann Lorenz , Qin Juan , Moslehi Javid J. , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Similowski Thomas , Allenbach Yves
Published: April 2023

Diagnostic work-up for suspected ICI-myocarditis and evaluation of severity criteria
Data from Opportunities for Achieving the Cancer Moonshot Goal of a 50% Reduction in Cancer Mortality by 2047
Authors: Shiels Meredith S. , Lipkowitz Stanley , Campos Nicole G. , Schiffman Mark , Schiller John T. , Freedman Neal D. , Berrington de González Amy
Published: April 2023

Abstract
On February 2, 2022, President Biden and First Lady Dr. Biden reignited the Cancer Moonshot, setting a new goal to reduce age-standardized cancer mortality rates by at least 50% over the next 25 years in the United States. We estimated trends in U.S. cancer mortality during 2000 to 2019 for all cancers and the six leading types (lung, colorectum, pancreas, breast, prostate, liver). Cancer death rates overall declined by 1.4% per year from 2000 to 2015, accelerating to 2.3% per year during 2016 to 2019, driven by strong declines in lung cancer mortality (−4.7%/year, 2014 to 2019). Recent declines in colorectal (−2.0%/year, 2010–2019) and breast cancer death rates (−1.2%/year, 2013–2019) also contributed. However, trends for other cancer types were less promising. To achieve the Moonshot goal, progress against lung, colorectal, and breast cancer deaths needs to be maintained and/or accelerated, and new strategies for prostate, liver, pancreatic, and other cancers are needed. We reviewed opportunities to prevent, detect, and treat these common cancers that could further reduce population-level cancer death rates and also reduce disparities.
Significance:
We reviewed opportunities to prevent, detect, and treat common cancers, and show that to achieve the Moonshot goal, progress against lung, colorectal, and breast cancer deaths needs to be maintained and/or accelerated, and new strategies for prostate, liver, pancreatic, and other cancers are needed.
Data from Addressing Tumor Heterogeneity by Sensitizing Resistant Cancer Cells to T cell–Secreted Cytokines
Authors: Ito Yoshinaga , Pan Deng , Zhang Wubing , Zhang Xixi , Juan Tiffany Y. , Pyrdol Jason W. , Kyrysyuk Oleksandr , Doench John G. , Liu X. Shirley , Wucherpfennig Kai W.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major barrier to cancer therapy, including immunotherapy. Activated T cells can efficiently kill tumor cells following recognition of MHC class I (MHC-I)–bound peptides, but this selection pressure favors outgrowth of MHC-I–deficient tumor cells. We performed a genome-scale screen to discover alternative pathways for T cell–mediated killing of MHC-I–deficient tumor cells. Autophagy and TNF signaling emerged as top pathways, and inactivation of Rnf31 (TNF signaling) and Atg5 (autophagy) sensitized MHC-I–deficient tumor cells to apoptosis by T cell–derived cytokines. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy amplified proapoptotic effects of cytokines in tumor cells. Antigens from apoptotic MHC-I–deficient tumor cells were efficiently cross-presented by dendritic cells, resulting in heightened tumor infiltration by IFNγ-and TNFα-producing T cells. Tumors with a substantial population of MHC-I–deficient cancer cells could be controlled by T cells when both pathways were targeted using genetic or pharmacologic approaches.
Significance:
Tumor heterogeneity is a major barrier to immunotherapy. We show that MHC-I–deficient tumor cells are forced into apoptosis by T cell–derived cytokines when TNF signaling and autophagy pathways are targeted. This approach enables T cell–mediated elimination of tumors with a substantial population of resistant, MHC-I–deficient tumor cells.
Frequency of and Factors Associated with the Presence of a History of Probable Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Population of Patients with Sex Addiction
Authors: Schreck Benoît , Forcier Camille , Balem Marianne , Cabelguen Clémence , leboucher juliette , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Since the first description of sex addiction (SA) by Carnes, research on this problematic behaviour has continued to grow, and the association with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appears to be frequent. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of a history of probable ADHD in a population of patients with SA and to explore the factors associated with it. Methods: One hundred 85 patients referred to the Nantes University Hospital for SA between 2011 and 2020 were included. Patients completed the Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST) or its revised version (SAST-R) to establish the presence of SA. As the SAST-R was not validated in French, we conducted a validation study for the French version. ADHD was screened using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale in childhood and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale in adulthood. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the presence of a history of probable ADHD. Results: Childhood ADHD was identified in 36% of patients with SA. Factors associated with the presence of a history of probable ADHD were a low education level, an earlier age of onset of problematic sexual behaviour, another addictive disorder, an anxiety disorder, impulsivity (high negative urgency score), and high scores on harm avoidance and novelty-seeking temperament scales. Furthermore, the French version of the SAST-R displayed good psychometric properties, especially excellent sensitivity. Conclusion: The frequency of a history of probable ADHD among patients with SA is consistent with the literature and close to the highest range. Specific personality traits in patients with both SA and a history of probable ADHD could induce lasting problems of adaptation, which may precipitate the development of SA or maintain it.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Two Unrelated Patients with Homozygous Variants in Either ALG8 or ALG11
Authors: Uzunyayla-Inci Gozde , Kiykim Ertugrul , Zubarioglu Tanyel , Yeşil Gözde , AKTUGLU ZEYBEK CIGDEM
Published: April 2023

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is used to describe individuals with a specific combination of disorders in social communication and repetitive behaviors, highly restricted interests, and/or sensory behavior that begin early in life. The prevalence of ASD has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Pathophysiology of ASDs remains still unclear; however, genetic defects and multifactorial causes have been reported to play an important role in genetic disorders. The prevalence of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) reported among patients with ASD is 2–5%. The clinical presentation of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) may be in the form of psychiatric disorder only. Case Study: Case 1: a 5-year-old female patient was admitted for investigation of ASD. She had a dysmorphic facial appearance, inverted nipples, abnormal fat distribution, ataxic gait, and autistic features. Her transferrin isoelectric focusing test was compatible with a type 1 CDG pattern. A homozygous variant in ALG8 gene revealed the diagnosis of ALG8-CDG (CDG Type 1H). Case 2: a 2-year-old male patient was admitted with complaints of ASD for investigation of an underlying IEM due to speech delay. Physical examination revealed hypertelorism, small hands, and autistic behavior. Transferrin isoelectric focusing test was also found normal. As a result of the WES, a homozygous variant was detected in ALG11 confirming the diagnosis of CDG type 1p. Conclusion: CDG should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of autistic patients with dysmorphic findings. The aim of our study was to emphasize that autism should be listed among the neurological findings of CDG.
Prenatal Rupture of Hydrocolpos in a Cloacal Malformation
Authors: Lee Su Yeon , Jackson Jordan E , Hassan Abd-Elrahman Said , Kurzrock Eric A , McLennan Amelia , Hirose Shinjiro , Saadai Payam
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Cloacal dysgenesis occurs from failure of embryological division of urogenital sinus and hindgut, leading to a single common perineal opening for genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformation is imprecise, but the clinical correlation of postnatal findings to prenatal history can help reveal explanations for unusual pathological findings in patients with urogenital abnormalities. Case Presentation: A 21-year-old woman was referred after her 20-week ultrasound demonstrated anhydramnios and concern for dilated fetal bowel. Fetal MRI confirmed anhydramnios and a dilated fetal colon, in addition to hydronephrosis and a pelvic cyst. Repeat ultrasound at 27 weeks showed unexpected complete resolution of her anhydramnios but new fetal ascites. The newborn girl was postnatally diagnosed with a cloacal malformation and an unusual near-complete fusion of her labia. She underwent proximal sigmoid colostomy and a tube vaginostomy at birth followed by cloacal reconstruction at 1.5 years old. Conclusion: In female fetus with a pelvic cyst, one should have a high index of suspicion for cloacal anomaly and consider the possibility of urinary obstruction leading to alteration in amniotic fluid.
The Efficacy and Safety of Air Tamponade in the Repair of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Anmin , Wu Jiangni , Yuan Yuan , Zeng Lan , Wang Xiaocong , Tan Wei
Published: April 2023

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined air tamponade has many advantages compared with PPV combined gas tamponade. However, there are controversial outcomes in RRD cases involving the lower quadrants. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PPV combined air tamponade in patients with RRD compared with PPV combined gas tamponade and whether it could be a safe alternative to PPV combined gas tamponade. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases published until September 2022 were comprehensively searched for studies that compared PPV combined with air tamponade and gas tamponade in patients with RRD. The rate of primary treatment success, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and postoperative complications were extracted from the final eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale and Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals. The systematic review and meta-analysis were prospectively registered with PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; registration number CRD42022353479). Results: A total of 8 studies with 668 eyes in the air tamponade group and 944 in the gas tamponade group were included. There was no significant difference in the rate of primary treatment success between the air tamponade group and the gas tamponade group (RR = 1.00, p = 0.79). In addition, the subgroup analysis suggested that whether retinal breaks were located above or below, there was no significant difference in either rate of primary treatment success (RR = 0.99, p = 0.89; RR = 1.02, p = 0.45). There was no significant difference in mean BCVA 3 months after surgery (MD = −0.02, p = 0.50). For postoperative complications, mean postoperative intraocular pressure was lower in the air tamponade group at 1 day (MD = −4.24, p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between the two groups at 7 days (MD = −0.45, p = 0.71), 1 month (MD = −0.69, p = 0.33), and 3 months (MD = 0.69, p = 0.35) after surgery. The rate of epiretinal membrane development was lower in the air tamponade group (RR = 0.48, p = 0.04). Conclusions: For patients with uncomplicated RRD, PPV combined air tamponade is a feasible and safe alternative to PPV combined gas tamponade, regardless of the position of retinal breaks, with a similar primary treatment success rate, postoperative BCVA, and fewer postoperative complications.
Social Determinants of Health and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a National Cohort of Black and White US Adults: the REGARDS Study
Authors: Akinyelure Oluwasegun P. , Jaeger Byron C. , Oparil Suzanne , Carson April P. , Safford Monika M. , Howard George , Muntner Paul , Hardy Shakia T.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Determining the contribution of social determinants of health (SDOH) to the higher proportion of Black adults with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) could inform interventions to improve BP control and reduce cardiovascular disease.

Methods:

We analyzed data from 7306 White and 7497 Black US adults taking antihypertensive medication from the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study (2003–2007). SDOH were defined using the Healthy People 2030 domains of education, economic stability, social context, neighborhood environment, and health care access. Uncontrolled BP was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg.

Results:

Among participants taking antihypertensive medication, 25.4% of White and 33.7% of Black participants had uncontrolled BP. The SDOH included in the current analysis mediated the Black-White difference in uncontrolled BP by 33.0% (95% CI, 22.1%–46.8%). SDOH that contributed to excess uncontrolled BP among Black compared with White adults included low annual household income (percent-mediated 15.8% [95% CI, 10.8%–22.8%]), low education (10.5% [5.6%–15.4%]), living in a health professional shortage area (10.4% [6.5%–14.7%]), disadvantaged neighborhood (11.0% [4.4%–18.0%]), and high-poverty zip code (9.7% [3.8%–15.5%]). Together, the neighborhood-domain accounted for 14.1% (95% CI, 5.9%–22.9%), the health care domain accounted for 12.7% (95% CI, 8.4%–17.3%), and the social-context-domain accounted for 3.8% (95% CI, 1.2%–6.6%) of the excess likelihood of uncontrolled BP among Black compared with White adults, respectively.

Conclusions:

SDOH including low education, low income, living in a health professional shortage area, disadvantaged neighborhood, and high-poverty zip code contributed to the excess likelihood of uncontrolled BP among Black compared with White adults.
Hypertension Statistics for US Adults: An Open-Source Web Application for Analysis and Visualization of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Authors: Jaeger Byron C. , Chen Ligong , Foti Kathryn , Hardy Shakia T. , Bress Adam P. , Kane Sean P. , Huang Lei , Herrick Jennifer S. , Derington Catherine G. , Poudel Bharat , Christenson Ashley , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Muntner Paul
Published: April 2023

Background:

Data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey are freely available and can be analyzed to produce hypertension statistics for the noninstitutionalized US population. The analysis of these data requires statistical programming expertise and knowledge of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey methodology.

Methods:

We developed a web-based application that provides hypertension statistics for US adults using 10 cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 1999 to 2000 through 2017 to 2020. We validated the application by reproducing results from prior publications. The application’s interface allows users to estimate crude and age-adjusted means, quantiles, and proportions. Population counts can also be estimated. To demonstrate the application’s capabilities, we estimated hypertension statistics for noninstitutionalized US adults.

Results:

The estimated mean systolic blood pressure (BP) declined from 123 mm Hg in 1999 to 2000 to 120 mm Hg in 2009 to 2010 and increased to 123 mm Hg in 2017 to 2020. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (ie, systolic BP≥130 mm Hg, diastolic BP≥80 mm Hg or self-reported antihypertensive medication use) was 47.9% in 1999 to 2000, 43.0% in 2009 to 2010, and 44.7% in 2017 to 2020. In 2017 to 2020, an estimated 115.3 million US adults had hypertension. The age-adjusted prevalence of controlled BP, defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association BP guideline, among nonpregnant US adults with hypertension was 9.7% in 1999 to 2000, 25.0% in 2013 to 2014, and 21.9% in 2017 to 2020. After age adjustment and among nonpregnant US adults who self-reported taking antihypertensive medication, 27.5%, 48.5%, and 43.0% had controlled BP in 1999 to 2000, 2013 to 2014, and 2017 to 2020, respectively.

Conclusions:

The application developed in the current study is publicly available at
https://bcjaeger.shinyapps.io/nhanesShinyBP/
and produced valid, transparent and reproducible results.
Indirect response-based tuning of PID controller with adjustable robustness
Authors: Singh Bipin , Verma Bharat , Sharma Sudeep , Padhy Prabin Kumar
Published: April 2023

The response-based design approach is a straightforward method for proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller tuning. In this method, an open-loop process response is used to tune the PID controller for fixed robustness. In this article, new response-based PID tuning rules are proposed with adjustable robustness and response. Instead of three PID variables, the proposed PID tuning method allows the user to adjust the process response with a single variable [Formula: see text]. The range of constant [Formula: see text] is provided for ensuring the stability of the process. Three MATLAB/SIMULINK examples and one temperature controller experiment are used to validate the proposed controller performance. The simulation result is also compared with three well-known response-based PID tuning rules Z-N, Cohen-Coon, Astrom et al., and with a model-based PID tuning proposed by Wang et al. Moreover, the proposed tuning provides lesser IAE, ITAE, ISE, and ITSE values than the existing methods.
Atropine-eluting silicone contact lenses for myopia control
Authors: Fu Yan , Luo Yang , Chen Xi , Tong Yao , Zhu Yabin , Yang Lu
Published: April 2023

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is one of the prime reasons for vision impairment worldwide. Atropine in topical ophthalmic solutions (e.g., 0.01% atropine sulfate eye drops) is the primary medical treatment for controlling myopia, especially for pseudomyopia or true myopia in rapid progress. However, aqueous atropine solution is unstable and easily breaks down to tropic acid, which will result in vision blur. Drug-eluting contact lenses (CLs) have been explored as a potentially superior alternative to effectively control the drug release and improve the drug efficacy. In this work, an atropine-eluting contact lens was developed by encapsulating an atropine implant in a silicon-based contact lens, towards functioning in vision correction and controlling myopia. The safety and effectiveness of this atropine-eluting contact lens were verified with rabbit and guinea pig models. The results showed that the lenses reduced the side effects like mydriasis and no other adverse events were observed in rabbit eyes. More importantly, atropine-loaded lenses could effectively delay the progress of form-deprivation myopia with guinea pig eyes as the model. Thus, we concluded that atropine-eluting CLs prepared by implantation technology may be an option for the treatment of myopia.
The use of commercial fibrin glue in dermal replacement material reduces angiogenic and lymphangiogenic gene and protein expression in vitro
Authors: Fuchs Benedikt , Birt Alexandra , Moellhoff Nicholas , Kuhlmann Constanze , Giunta Riccardo , Wiggenhauser Paul Severin
Published: April 2023

Background

Commercial fibrin glue is increasingly finding its way into clinical practice in surgeries to seal anastomosis, and initiate hemostasis or tissue repair. Human biological glue is also being discussed as a possible cell carrier. To date, there are only a few studies addressing the effects of fibrin glue on the cell-molecular level. This study examines the effects of fibrin glue on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as well as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with a focus on gene and protein expression in scaffolds regularly used for tissue engineering approaches.

Methods

Collagen-based dermal regeneration matrices (DRM) were seeded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), or adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and fixed with or without fibrin glue according to the experimental group. Cultures were maintained for 1 and 7 days. Finally, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic gene and protein expression were measured with special regard to subtypes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and corresponding receptors using Multiplex-qPCR and ELISA assays. In addition, the hypoxia-induced factor 1-alpha (HIF1a) mediated intracellular signaling pathways were included in assessments to analyze a hypoxic encapsulating effect of fibrin polymers.

Results

All cell types reacted to fibrin glue application with an alteration of gene and protein expression. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), vascular endothelial growth receptor 1 (VEGFR1/FLT1), vascular endothelial growth receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR), vascular endothelial growth receptor 3 (VEGFR3/FLT4) and Prospero Homeobox 1 (PROX1) were depressed significantly depending on fibrin glue. Especially short-term fibrin effect led to a continuous downregulation of respective gene and protein expression in HUVECs, LECs, and ASCs.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the impact of fibrin glue application in dermal regeneration with special regard to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. In particular, a short fibrin treatment of 24 hours led to a decrease in gene and protein levels of LECS, HUVECs, and ASCs. In contrast, the long-term application showed less effect on gene and protein expressions. Therefore, this work demonstrated the negative effects of fibrin-treated cells in tissue engineering approaches and could affect wound healing during dermal regeneration.
Assessment of amblyopic children undergoing occlusion therapy by pattern visual evoked potentials and contrast sensitivity tests
Authors: Nada Mona M. , El Gohary Amira M. , Azmy Radwa M. , ElSayed Yasmine M. , Abdelkader Bodour
Published: April 2023

Background: Amblyopia is a case where one or less commonly, both eyes have impaired visual performance, even with the best optical correction and no visible disease of the visual system. Objectives: To assess contrast sensitivity tests (CST) and pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) results in amblyopic children who have already started occlusion therapy for durations ranging from 6 to 12 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 eyes of 50 patients with monocular amblyopia and 50 age and sex matched controls. Both patients and controls underwent ophthalmological assessment, PVEP, and CST. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the results of P100 latencies of qualitative PVEP in amblyopic eyes compared to non-amblyopic eyes and control eyes, while the qualitative CST showed a highly statistically significant difference, being affected in 98% of amblyopic eyes compared to unaffected eyes (4%) and control eyes (4%). The maximum contrast level and minimal contrast level of quantitative CST were significantly lower in amblyopic eyes compared to non-amblyopic and control eyes. The cutoff value of maximal contrast level at mean frequencies of 2.5 ± 0.9 Hz, and a range of (1.1–4.1) for amblyopic eyes is ≤21 dB, while the cutoff value of minimal contrast level at mean frequencies of 13.4 ± 2.6 Hz, and a range of (6.7–18) for amblyopic eyes is ≤12 dB. Conclusion: Detection of amblyopia by CST is a noninvasive and easy procedure, which represents a promising tool to support the diagnosis of amblyopia.
Interdisciplinary management of maxillary incisors with root resorption caused by impacted canines: A case report
Authors: García Ana Karina , Crespo Reinoso Pablo , Ruiz Delgado Emilio
Published: April 2023

The aetiology of impacted canines is multi-factorial. Several theories have been proposed, such as lack of space, genetic predisposition, physical barriers like supernumerary teeth, odontomas and other conditions that interfere with the eruption pathway. One of the main complications that can be generated by impacted canines is the resorption of the root of the adjacent teeth. This case report examines the importance of interdisciplinary management of maxillary incisors with root resorption caused by impacted canines in a 13-year-old male patient. Careful traction of impacted canines and proper tissue management followed by space closure and retroclination of anterior incisors with orthodontic treatment. Finally, functional and aesthetic results using dental veneers for oral rehabilitation allowed the patient to obtain favourable results.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Behavior and HIV Prevention and Treatment Services Among U.S. Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Post-Lockdown Era
Authors: Mann Laura M. , Sanchez Travis , Stephenson Rob , Sullivan Patrick S. , Jenness Samuel M.
Published: April 2023

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to sexual health services and changes to sexual behavior due to the first COVID-19 lockdowns were common among U.S. gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Less is known about the persistence of these changes after this initial lockdown period. These changes have long-term implications for HIV prevention for current and future pandemic periods. This study collected information on COVID-related impacts on sexual behavior and HIV-related health service disruptions from a cohort of U.S. GBMSM at three time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed that COVID-related disruptions to sexual behavior continued from early lockdown periods through December 2020. Although early interruptions to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access resolved in later 2020 and interruptions to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence were minimal, extended disruptions were observed in HIV testing, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, HIV care clinical visits, and HIV viral load testing. Although sexual behavior did not return to prepandemic levels in late 2020, the reduced access to HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services during this period could result in an overall increased HIV transmission rate, with long-term impacts to the trajectory of the U.S. HIV epidemic. Additional resources and programs are needed to address challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as prepare for future potential pandemics and other disruptive events.