bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New definition for torsional irregularity based on floors rotations of reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Alaa Khaled M. , El-Kashif Khaled F. , Salem Hamed M.
Published: January 2022

Earthquake investigations confirm that un-symmetric buildings suffer more damage than their symmetric counterparts. Torsional vibrations due to irregularity are one of the main factors which cause damage to buildings. Seismic codes include provisions to consider the torsional vibrations in the design of structures. However, the design of the stiff side elements may be unconservative. In this study, a total of 15 Dual system buildings were analyzed using nonlinear dynamic analysis to propose a new definition for torsional irregularity considering the effects of plan asymmetry on the earthquake response of mid-rise dual system buildings. Based on the analysis results, two new equations were derived using nonlinear regression analysis to check the torsional irregularity and the torsional amplification. Afterward, the proposed torsional irregularity provisions were compared with the torsional irregularity provisions of Europe code (EC-8), Japanese code & ASCE 7-16 code, and the results indicate that the torsional irregularity provisions of all the codes are unconservative. The current investigation proposes new equations to be used in the existing codes for torsional irregularity design considerations to improve the accuracy of the current codes' torsional irregularity provisions.
A cutoff time scaling of 1/f noise in a sandpile
Authors: Yadav Avinash Chand , Kumar Naveen
Published: January 2022

We show that for fluctuations in a sandpile with

spectrum, the power may also exhibit a scaling with its cutoff time. Despite significant progress, this generic behaviour remains so far overlooked and poorly understood. An intriguing example is the power spectrum of a simple random walk (normal diffusive process) on a ring with L sites, showing

behaviour instead of

(Brownian noise) in the frequency regime

. We address the intriguing problem by scaling method and discuss its relevance in the context of the sandpile system and a class of stochastic processes.
“I Like to Remember Things My Own Way”: Metaleptic Nostalgia in the Neo-noir Cinema of David Lynch
Authors: Cameron Ed
Published: January 2022

This essay focuses on the possibility of articulating a form of nostalgia in film not tied to an opposition to irony. It concentrates on the neo-noir cinema of David Lynch precisely because he is a master of balancing nostalgic sincerity and postclassical irony within the same film. Therefore, the essay argues that the films of David Lynch present the viewer with a way out of the postmodern deadlock where nostalgia remains less radical than irony. To make this argument, the essay utilizes Giambattista Vico's notion of the ricorso from book 5 of The New Science in order to situate Lynch's unique position within the history of film noir as a genre. Vico's poetic developmental scheme, which relies on the “four master tropes” (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony), is adapted to the historical evolution of film noir as a genre. The essay then translates Vico's ricorso into a fifth master trope, metalepsis, and connects Lynch's form of postnostalgic uncanny (and Vico's ricorso) to metalepsis (in both the tropological and narrative sense) to show how Lynch moves neo-noir beyond the structure of irony without flirting with the new sincerity or metamodernism.
Determinants of Dropout from and Variation in Adherence to an Exercise Intervention: The STRRIDE Randomized Trials
Authors: Collins Katherine A. , Huffman Kim M. , Wolever Ruth Q. , Smith Patrick J. , Siegler Ilene C. , Ross Leanna M. , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Jiang Rong , Jakicic John M. , Costa Paul T. , Kraus William E.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to characterize the timing and self-reported determinants of exercise dropout among sedentary adults with overweight or obesity. We also sought to explore variations in adherence among individuals who completed a 6- to 8-month structured exercise intervention.

Methods

A total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia (STRRIDE I, STRRIDE AT/RT) or prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD) were enrolled to either control or to 1 of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8 to 23 kcal·kg−1·wk−1, intensities of 50% to 75% V˙O2 peak, and durations of 6 to 8 months. Two groups included resistance training, and one included dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Dropout was defined as an individual who withdrew from the study because of a variety of determinants. Timing of intervention dropout was defined as the last session attended and categorized into phases. Exercise training adherence was calculated by dividing weekly minutes or total sets of exercise completed by weekly minutes or total sets of exercise prescribed. General linear models were used to characterize the associations between timing of dropout and determinant category.

Results

Compared with exercise intervention completers (n = 652), participants who dropped out (n = 295) were on average non-White (98% vs 80%, P < 0.01), had higher body mass index (31.0 vs 30.2 kg·m−2, P < 0.01), and were less fit at baseline (25.0 vs 26.7 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.01). Of those who dropped out, 67% did so before the start of or while ramping up to the prescribed exercise volume and intensity. The most commonly reported reason for dropout was lack of time (40%). Notably, among individuals who completed the ramp training period, subsequent exercise intervention adherence did not waiver over the ensuing 6–8 months of training.

Conclusions

These findings are some of the first to delineate associations between the timing of dropout and dropout determinants, providing guidance for future exercise interventions to better support individuals at risk for dropout.
Unconscious processes in the contemporary cognitive therapy of Aaron T. Beck.
Authors: Romanowska Monika , Dobroczyński Bartłomiej
Published: January 2022

W latach dziewięćdziesiątych dwudziestego wieku Aaron T. Beck upublicznił swoje stanowisko dotyczące roli reprezentacji i procesów utajonych we współczesnej terapii poznawczej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie terapeutom tego rozsianego po różnych publikacjach modelu teoretycznego. Beckowska konceptualizacja pojęcia nieświadomości stara się zbliżać do aktualnych ustaleń psychologii poznawczej z lat dziewięćdziesiątych dwudziestego wieku. Twórca terapii poznawczej traktuje umysł jako kontinuum rozciągające się pomiędzy świadomością i nieświadomością (a to oznacza, że wiele reprezentacji jest właściwie przedświadomych — możliwa jest introspekcja). Reprezentacje i procesy nieświadome mają charakter adaptacyjny i powstały w celu ułatwienia jednostce przetrwania. Przetwarzanie poznawcze odbywa się na trzech poziomach: pierwszy to ten, na którym tylko najszybsze i najprostsze procesy oceny bodźca są w pełni nieświadome, na następnym znajduje się mieszana strefa procesów, które częściowo mogą być uświadomione oraz na końcu jest całkowicie świadomy poziom refleksyjny. Utajone schematy nie są wyłącznie konstruktami poznawczymi, ale także motywacyjnymi i afektywnymi. W artykule stawiamy tezę, że model Becka nie uwzględnia nieświadomych reprezentacji przeciwnych do świadomych myśli i przekonań, co może prowadzić do trudności w konceptualizacji. Opisujemy jak używając danych introspekcyjnych oraz tych uzyskanych w perspektywie trzecioosobowej stawiać hipotezy na temat treści nieświadomych. Na końcu wnioskujemy, że terapeuci poznawczy mogą posługiwać się pojęciem nieświadomości, pamiętając jednakże, że procesy utajone w teorii poznawczej mają charakter prosty i niezbyt abstrakcyjny.
Effectiveness of evidence-based medicine instruction in medical school clerkships
Authors: Stuart Daniel , Griswold John , Lovett Cathy
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The instruction of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in health sciences institutions is increasing. As used in medical schools, it looks to implement research-oriented approaches to clinical interventions and further develop the skills of medical students in evaluating and applying research.Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of an evidence-based medicine clerkship offered at a single institution to third-year medical students during their surgery rotation. Methods: Two surveys were used to assess the quality of education provided during the third-year clerkship. The first was sent to practicing residents who had completed the clerkship as medical students. The second was sent to residency directors overseeing residents with prior enrollment in the clerkship.Results: Twelve former students (out of total email list of 125) and six residency program directors (out of an email list of 13) completed this survey. Previous students felt confident about EBM fundamentals like question formulation and database navigation and, to a lesser degree, attributed their knowledge of databases and critical appraisal to their clerkship experience. Residency program directors acknowledged that residents had good EBM-related skills, but it was inconclusive as to whether this could be attributed to prior clerkship experience.Conclusion: Both questionnaires attested to the retention of some EBM competencies and the effectiveness of librarian-led instruction. Feedback was particularly positive in areas such as navigating information resources and evaluating peer-reviewed research.Keywords: Evidence-based medicine, libraries, clerkships, residents
Кто «придумал» крамбамбули и его название? – Об извилистых словесных путях и широко игнорируемом процессе словообразования
Authors: Hentschel Gerd
Published: January 2022

В данной статье речь идёт об истории названия спиртного напитка, появившегося на свет в Гданьске, в основанной голландцами в конце XVI века винокурне. При этом его название, Krambambuli, встречается в немецком языке только с середины XVIII века; в польском, русском и голландском оно в схожей форме появляется несколько позже. Сам напиток некоторые сегодня считают чисто белорусским. Есть свидетельства о том, что это название активно продвигалось в студенческих братствах немецких университетов XIX века, что сопровождалось его распространением в качестве обозначения спиртных напитков любого рода. Этимология слова на сегодняшний день разрешена только частично, а именно лишь по отношению к элементу kram-. В статье показывается, как с помощью «поэтического» правила словообразования, о котором известно уже несколько десятилетий, но которому практически не придаётся значение, можно объяснить происхождение слова. Немецко-польские языковые контакты могли вместе с тем с самого начала сыграть в этой истории определённую роль, которая вследствие запутанных путей нашего слова из немецкого в русский, оттуда опять в польский, а затем оттуда и в белорусский, со временем утратила свою прозрачность.
Schemat składniowy jako idiom – prolegomena do frazeologii operacyjnej
Authors: Podlecki Mateusz
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest wstępna charakterystyka frazeologii operacyjnej, której kształt wyłania się z gramatyki operacyjnej Andrzeja Bogusławskiego. Rozważania w pierwszym podrozdziale szkicu – osadzone na gruncie amerykańskiej filozofii neopragmatystycznej – dotyczą statusu ontologicznego idiomów. Dwie następne partie tekstu są poświęcone, kolejno, terminom: schemat syntaktyczny oraz frazeologizm aktualny. Drugie ze wskazanych wyrażeń oznacza realizację tekstową związku frazeologicznego, tzn. elementu sfery langue. W ostatniej części artykułu autor określa (z proporcjonalistycznego punktu widzenia) właściwy przedmiot badań omawianego paradygmatu frazeologii teoretycznej – jest to byt językowy (frazeologizm, dokładniej: matryca frazeotwórcza) objawiający nieregularność już na poziomie schematu syntaktycznego i/lub na płaszczyźnie suprasegmentalnej.
Derywacja semantyczna (i formalna) od prasłowiańskiego rdzenia *by- na gruncie polskim
Authors: Topolińska Zuzanna
Published: January 2022

Artykuł przedstawia rezultaty semantycznej i formalnej derywacji ogólnosłowiańskiego rdzenia *by- (por. polski czasownik być) w języku polskim, bazującej na dwóch różnych komponentach semantycznych: 1. ‘istnieć, być gdzieś’ i 2. ‘być jakimś / kimś’.Analizy prowadzą do konkluzji, że *by- (w derywatach od być) ma bardzo wysoką frekwencję, zarówno w słownictwie, jak i w tekstach, stanowi więc ważny element polskiego systemu leksykalnego i syntaktycznego.
From Antiquarianism to Scholarship: Classical Archaeology in the Netherlands, 1600–1840
Authors: Halbertsma Ruurd Binnert
Published: January 2022

The early collecting of classical antiquities in the Netherlands was inspired by Italian examples. Peter Paul Rubens acquired a taste for antiquities during his stay in Italy between 1600-1608 and acquired an important collection of sculptures from Sir Dudley Carleton, the British ambassador in The Hague. In Amsterdam, the brothers Gerard and Jan Reijnst recreated the atmosphere of a Venetian palazzo after their purchase of the classical antiquities and paintings of Andrea Vendramin in 1629. Parts of these collections came into the possession of Gerard van Papenbroek in the 18th century. Papenbroek’s bequest to Leiden University marked the start of academic interest in antiquities, which culminated in 1818 in the creation of a Chair of Archaeology in Leiden with Caspar Reuvens as its first professor.
Collecting Antiquities at the Archaeological Museum of the Royal University in Wrocław in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Bończuk-Dawidziuk Urszula
Published: January 2022

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the museum at the University in Wrocław (formerly Breslau) was reorganised. As a result, the institution was granted a new name and a new – archaeological – profile. The changes were initiated by August Rossbach (1823–1898), professor of classical philology and archaeology, director of the museum from 1856 to 1898. Through his efforts, the university museum started to professionally specialise in Antiquity. Above all, Rossbach significantly developed the collection of copies of ancient art, which were used as research and teaching tools. Through his efforts, the collection of the Archaeological Museum grew rich with some original pieces, including the collection of Eduard Schaubert (1804–1860), terracotta figurines from Taranto, and ceramic vessels from the collection of Carlo d’Ottavio Fontana of Trieste. The museum also took care of a coin collection catalogued by a famous numismatist, Julius Friedländer (1813–1884), upon Rossbach’s request. Thanks to Rossbach, in the 1870s, the museum boasted one of the largest German university collections in archaeology. At that time, the institution was an important research, educational, and cultural centre in Wrocław.
Personalized Retail Promotions Through a Directed Acyclic Graph–Based Representation of Customer Preferences
Authors: Jagabathula Srikanth , Mitrofanov Dmitry , Vulcano Gustavo
Published: January 2022

A Framework to Run Personalized Promotions

The availability of individual-level transaction data allows retailers to implement personalized operational decisions. Although such decisions have been around for several years now in online platforms, recent technological developments open new opportunities to extend similar practices to bricks-and-mortar settings (e.g., by using electronic price tags to show different prices to different customers or by using beacon-based technology to send promotion offers to targeted customers). In “Personalized Retail Promotions through a DAG-Based Representation of Customer Preferences,” Jagabathula, Mitrofanov, and Vulcano propose a back-to-back procedure for running customized promotions in retail operations contexts, from the construction of a nonparametric choice model where customer preferences are represented by directed acyclic graphs to the formulation of the promotion optimization problem. The empirical validation of their proposal on real supermarket data shows the promising performance of their approach over state-of-the-art benchmarks.
Extreme Value Analysis for a Markov Additive Process Driven by a Nonirreducible Background Chain
Authors: van Kreveld Lucas , Mandjes Michel , Dorsman Jan-Pieter
Published: January 2022

A common assumption in the vast literature on the extremes of spectrally one-sided Markov additive processes (MAPs) is that the continuous-time Markov chain that serves as the background process is irreducible. In the present paper, we consider, motivated by, for example, applications in credit risk, the case in which the irreducibility condition has been lifted, thus allowing the presence of one or more transient classes. More specifically, we consider the distribution of the maximum when the MAP under study has only positive jumps (the spectrally positive case) or negative jumps (the spectrally negative case). The methodology used relies on two crucial previous results: (i) the Wiener–Hopf decomposition for Lévy processes and, in particular, its explicit form in spectrally one-sided cases and (ii) a result on the number of singularities of the matrix exponent of a spectrally one-sided MAP. In both the spectrally positive and negative cases, we derive a system of linear equations of which the solution characterizes the distribution of the maximum of the process. As a by-product of our results, we develop a procedure for calculating the maximum of a spectrally one-sided Lévy process over a phase-type distributed time interval.
Type II Abernethy Malformation: A Rare Cause of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Adulthood
Authors: Gonçalves Inês , Barros Daniela , Araújo Margarida , Machado Ana Isabel , Oliveira Camila , Pinto Luisa
Published: January 2022

Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with variable clinical manifestations, mainly associated with the portosystemic shunt. Hepatic encephalopathy can be the first manifestation.  We present the case of a 50-year-old woman with hepatic encephalopathy without liver dysfunction. Further evaluation with contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography was performed, showing a large-calibre portocaval shunt from the left portal branch, suggestive of type 2 Abernethy malformation. The patient improved with lactulose and rifaximin but maintained rare encephalopathy episodes. She is therefore currently awaiting surgical treatment.  Despite being a rare cause of hepatic encephalopathy, Abernethy malformation should be considered in patients with unexplained hyperammonaemia. Since it is potentially reversible, and early diagnosis and treatment may improve outcome, raising awareness of this malformation is essential.
Resenha crítica do livro "1913, antes da tempestade"
Authors: D'Assumpção Mônica De Matos
Published: January 2022

O livro 1913: antes da tempestade foi escrito por Florian Illies, em 1971 e traduzido para o português por Silvia Bittencourt, em 2016. O autor nasceu em 4 de maio de 1971 em Schlitz, Alemanha. É jornalista, escritor, historiador de arte e negociante de arte. Na imprensa, trabalhou em importantes jornais e periódicos europeus, tendo sido co-fundador da revista de arte Monopol. Além de 1913 – Antes da tempestade, publicou outros quatro títulos, acumulando mais de um milhão de exemplares vendidos: Geração golfe – Uma inspeção (2001), Instruções para Unschuldigsein (2001), Geração golfe II (2003) e Chamada local (2006).A narrativa está localizada temporalmente às vésperas da Primeira Grande Guerra e nessa época o mundo, e principalmente a Europa, vivia uma fase de otimismo e progresso em várias áreas do saber e da cultura, em uma efervescência criativa e produtiva da modernidade.O livro se refere aos acontecimentos na vida de personagens ligados às artes, às ciências, à filosofia, à política, dentre outras áreas do saber, no ano anterior à eclosão dos conflitos, principalmente, mas não exclusivamente, nas cidades de Viena, Berlim, Paris e Munique, onde a intelectualidade e as vanguardas modernistas estavam concentradas e lugar cujos limites pré-estabelecidos estavam se rompendo e os ventos da modernidade sopravam a todo o vapor. A obra foi escrita em doze capítulos, cada um deles correspondente a um mês do ano de 1913. Cada capítulo foi dividido em seções, onde o autor faz pequenos recortes temporais e neles discorre sobre a vida cotidiana dos diversos personagens escolhidos, quase todos ligados às artes, às ciências e à intelectualidade em geral, bem como descreve certos acontecimentos de cunho mais geral, alguns com referência direta a uma possível Guerra, certos movimentos diplomáticos e ações de alguns Estados.
ENCONTRO DE DUAS ROTAS: Uma breve análise sobre o fluxo de deslocamentos forçados congoleses e a rede institucional da Cáritas Rio
Authors: Muniz Joanna Rocha
Published: January 2022

Para este trabalho busco realizar um esforço inicial em sistematizar dois pontos de circularidade. Primeiro, pretendo compreender o fluxo de congoleses que se deslocam forçosamente de seu país para o Brasil, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e retrospectiva histórica, além dos relatos que obtive ao longo de minha pesquisa de campo. Depois, me debruço sobre a análise dos canais institucionais que até então se tornaram visíveis no apoio a esta causa no país. Se no primeiro ponto a análise terá como enfoque a circularidade de pessoas, no segundo momento os esforços recairão sobre a circularidade institucional de valor, conhecimento e gramática. Ao fim, pretendo realizar um breve ensaio sobre o encontro destas duas circularidades que possuem recortes diferentes, mas incidem sobre uma mesma realidade. Acredito que estes dois pontos não podem ser enxergados de forma separada e a análise de seu encontro pode auxiliar na compreensão de como vem sendo realizados os esforços globais para atuar sobre esta realidade crescente.
Disjunções dos processos de patrimonialização: identidades negras em territórios etnográficos
Authors: Akinruli Luana Carla Martins Campos , Akinruli Samuel Ayobami
Published: January 2022

O olhar etnográfico, registrado em instantes de manifestações transcorridas nas ruas, trazem luz o protagonismo da coletividade que tem consciência do seu lugar na sociedade, nas lutas cotidianas para poder se manifestar, permanecer, sobreviver, viver, ser. Entre Folias e Cavalhadas, os Reinados de Divinópolis, Carmo do Cajuru e São Gonçalo do Pará, e as Congadas e Moçambiques de São Sebastião do Paraíso, Pratápolis, Itaú de Minas e Passos; tornam híbridas expressões de catolicismo popular e de religiosidades negras, que se agregam pela força da fé em performances rituais.Cunha-se, nesta seara de falar com outro, não somente sobre o outro, a ponte entre a teoria antropológica e seus campos conexos, tendo a etnografia e o patrimônio cultural campos profícuos. O deslocamento do eixo promove a busca por outro balanço entre aquilo que é relevante e estruturante para o grupo etnografado. A polifonia passa a ser para além de uma experiência, é a gênese, o modelo de narrativa, o paradigma de construção do conhecimento.
Estresse emocional entre cuidadores informais de pacientes em cuidados paliativos
Authors: Nascimento Elayne Mágda Andrade do , Rodrigues Mariana De Sousa Dantas , Evangelista Carla Braz , Cruz Ronny Anderson De Oliveira , Lordão Alana Vieira , Batista Patrícia Serpa de Souza
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: analisar o estresse emocional de cuidadores informais de pacientes em Cuidados Paliativos. Método: pesquisa de campo, exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 10 cuidadores informais de um hospital filantrópico em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e maio de 2021, mediante questionário online e entrevista semiestruturada virtual, e então, submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados: foram obtidas as categorias temáticas: Cansaço físico e emocional do cuidador informal; Cuidado como forma de dever e retribuição do afeto; O cuidado e a necessidade de rede de apoio social e da espiritualidade; Dificuldades na adaptação do cuidador aos Cuidados Paliativos na instituição hospitalar. Conclusão: é necessária a divisão das responsabilidades do cuidado entre cuidadores informais e outros familiares. Salienta-se a importância da equipe de saúde estimular a dimensão espiritual e social do cuidador.
Matriz de competências coletivas do enfermeiro na assistência perioperatória
Authors: Silva Beatriz Regina da , Leal Laura Andrian , Soares Mirelle Inácio , Resck Zélia Marilda Rodrigues , Silva Aline Teixeira , Henriques Silvia Helena
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: desenvolver uma matriz de competências coletivas do enfermeiro na assistência perioperatória. Método: estudo qualitativo, com a participação de 43 enfermeiros perioperatórios atuantes em cinco instituições hospitalares. Utilizou-se a técnica de grupo focal, no período de janeiro a abril de 2018, e para interpretação dos dados, análise temática indutiva. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da instituição Proponente. Resultados: identificaram-se competências coletivas, tais como: conhecimento das especificidades do cuidado e da unidade perioperatória; gerência de recursos materiais e financeiros; gestão de pessoas e trabalho em equipe. A matriz de competências foi construída a partir das discussões que emergiram dos grupos focais, acrescida da literatura, incluindo seus significados e comportamentos associados a cada competência. Conclusões: uma matriz de competências coletivas dos enfermeiros deve direcionar os talentos humanos disponíveis na organização para os cargos/funções, ao permitir reconhecer competências existentes e identificar lacunas na formação deste profissional para atuação na assistência perioperatória.
Construções típicas são um aborto? Presentismo e germanidade nos conflitos da passagem de Roberto Burle Marx por Blumenau
Authors: Machado Ricardo
Published: January 2022

O artigo problematiza as transformações urbanísticas e arquitetônicas em Blumenau, Santa Catarina,  nas últimas décadas do século XX através do conflito gerado pela passagem de Roberto Burle Marx na cidade. O paisagista teria afirmado na imprensa de que as formas adotadas a partir dos anos 1970 seriam um aborto arquitetônico, gerando um intenso conflito que se estendeu por alguns meses, mobilizando a opinião do poder público, dos intelectuais e da imprensa local. Essa contenda trouxe visibilidade a uma questão mais geral relativa ao debate sobre as políticas da memória, invenções identitárias e usos do passado no tempo presente.
An intergenerational ecosystem
Authors: Egersdorff Sue
Published: January 2022

In this third article on intergenerational pedagogy, let's give more consideration to the idea of intentional practice. This means thinking specifically about the purpose of a particular intergenerational activity, opportunity or experience and having a clear sense of what outcomes you intend to achieve for those who take part.
Mentoring project part 1
Authors: Norman Amanda
Published: January 2022

Amanda Norman discusses a mentoring project she introduced to students studying on a university-based childhood studies course. The aim was to promote and develop a community of learning and practice. Collating their narratives, she investigated how the student university experience could be enhanced within a peer mentoring relationship.
What's right with for-profit nurseries?
Authors: Wright David
Published: January 2022

Having read Peter Moss' recent article ‘Time for a rethink’, I am prompted in the cause of balance to respond in print. I think it is important to offer a different perspective. I already debated my alternative opinion with Peter himself. In a respectful email exchange, we agreed to disagree.
Application of autologous platelet-rich plasma to graft donor sites to reduce pain and promote healing
Authors: Gupta Samarth , Jain Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used for wound healing in medical care because of the numerous growth factors it contains. Traditionally, donor sites are left to heal with a primary dressing so wounds are not left open. However, a delay in healing accompanied by pain at a donor site is often seen. This study primarily throws light on the use of autologous PRP over split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor sites to promote healing and reduce pain.

Method:

The patients enrolled in this study in 2018–2019 were divided into two groups: the intervention group received autologous PRP applied topically at the donor site; in the control group, the wound was dressed traditionally. Pain scales were measured in the immediate postoperative period at six hours, 10 hours and 16 hours. The dressing was opened on the postoperative day 14 and observed for healing by an independent observer.

Results:

A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Patients in the PRP group showed statistically significant faster healing at postoperative day 14 compared with the control group (p<0.05), who required dressings for 3-4 weeks postoperatively. Pain scale scores in the postoperative period were significantly less in the PRP group at six hours postoperatively compared with the control group (p<0.05). There was a reduced incidence of hypertrophic scar formation in the small number of patients in the PRP group who had developed hypertrophic scar previously.

Conclusion:

Application of PRP is a safe, cost-effective and easy method to achieve faster healing in graft donor site areas that are troublesome to both patients and doctors. It also reduces postoperative pain at donor sites. The authors recommend PRP is used more often in the management of donor sites for STSGs.
Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Singing Voice Separation
Authors: Amer Rusul , Al Tmeme Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Monaural source separation is a challenging issue due to the fact that there is only a single channel available; however, there is an unlimited range of possible solutions. In this paper, a monaural source separation model based hybrid deep learning model, which consists of convolution neural network (CNN), dense neural network (DNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN), will be presented. A trial and error method will be used to optimize the number of layers in the proposed model. Moreover, the effects of the learning rate, optimization algorithms, and the number of epochs on the separation performance will be explored. Our model was evaluated using the MIR-1K dataset for singing voice separation. Moreover, the proposed approach achieves (4.81) dB GNSDR gain, (7.28) dB GSIR gain, and (3.39) dB GSAR gain in comparison to current approaches
Robotic Automation of Software Testing From a Machine Learning Viewpoint
Authors: Yadav Vinod , Botchway Raphael Kwaku , Senkerik Roman , Kominkova Oplatkova Zuzana
Published: January 2022

The need to scale software test automation while managing the test automation process within a reasonable time frame remains a crucial challenge for software development teams (DevOps). Unlike hardware, the software cannot wear out but can fail to satisfy the functional requirements it is supposed to meet due to the defects observed during system operation. In this era of big data, DevOps teams can deliver better and efficient code by utilizing machine learning (ML) to scan their new codes and identify test coverage gaps. While still in its infancy, the inclusion of ML in software testing is a reality and requirement for coming industry demands. This study introduces the prospects of robot testing and machine learning to manage the test automation process to guarantee software reliability and quality within a reasonable timeframe. Although this paper does not provide any particular demonstration of ML-based technique and numerical results from ML-based algorithms, it describes the motivation, possibilities, tools, components, and examples required for understanding and implementing the robot test automation process approach.
Alpha emitter detection systems using a UV light detector
Authors: Kume Naoto , Sumita Akio , Sakamoto Naoya , Hoshi Takeshi , Okazaki Koki , Miyadera Haruo , Miyahara Yasufumi , Nakai Yuki
Published: January 2022

To visualize alpha contamination, an alpha-particle detection system has been developed that is capable of detecting alpha-induced UV lights from a few meters distance in dark environments. It detects UV lights from ionized nitrogen with a photomultiplier tube. To identify the contaminated spot quickly, large diameter lenses were designed and tested.
High-Q and tunable analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in terahertz all-dielectric metamaterial
Authors: Hu Yanqi , Xiong Yongqian
Published: January 2022

We propose a novel all-dielectric metamaterial (ADMM), to the best of our knowledge, with a simple structure to achieve the analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the terahertz range. The ADMM is constructed by unit cells with two same silicon bar resonators on a quartz substrate. By breaking the symmetrical array of silicon resonators, the guided-mode resonance can be excited in the substrate, and the destructive interference between a broadband electric-dipole resonance and a narrowband guided-mode resonance gives rise to an EIT-like response. The EIT window can reach a high quality factor (Q-factor) over 1500 by carefully adjusting the asymmetry degree within the unit cell. A dynamically tunable ADMM was further developed by employing photoactive doped silicon. By varying the carrier density of the doped silicon through optical pump, the strength of the EIT-like resonance can be actively modulated, enabling an on-to-off switch of the slow-light effect. The designed ADMM can achieve a high-Q EIT-like response and dynamic modulation, which may give potential applications in bio/chemical sensing, optical switching, and slow-light devices.
Characterization of surface defects using a phase retrieval technique in a high-power laser system
Authors: Lehmann Lucien , Bouillet Stéphane , Leymarie Christophe , Ameil-Schuh Christel , Benoit Melusine , Rouyer Claude
Published: January 2022

In the framework of high-power lasers, surface defects on optics can generate strong light intensification and induce damage sites on downstream optics. To evaluate this intensification during high-energy laser shots, a three-step method is proposed. First, a dedicated measurement bench is designed to measure the intensification induced by defects on a wide variety of optics, including amplifier slabs, KDP crystals, mirrors, gratings, and vacuum windows, for propagation distances up to 2000 mm. A multi-resolution single-beam multiple-intensity reconstruction phase retrieval algorithm is then used to reconstruct a model of the defect, in both amplitude and phase, from a set of intensification measurements. Finally, the impact of the modeled defect on downstream optics is evaluated with a simulation of the high-power laser system. This method is experimentally validated through a case study of damage identified on one of the Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) beams, characterized with the method presented in this paper. The long-distance impact on the LMJ beam is estimated by simulation and compared to a direct near-field measurement.
Analysis of thin layers using surface acoustic wave-photonic devices in silicon-on-insulator
Authors: Hen Mirit , Dokhanian Leroy , Grunwald Etai , Slook Matan , Katzman Moshe , Priel Maayan , Girshevitz Olga , Zadok Avi
Published: January 2022

The analysis of thin layers deposited on various substrates is widely employed in thickness monitoring, materials research and development and quality control. Measurements are often performed based on changes to acoustic resonance frequencies of quartz micro-balance devices. The technique is extremely sensitive, but it is restricted to hundreds of MHz frequencies and requires electrical connectivity. In this work we propose and demonstrate the analysis of elastic properties of thin layers deposited on surface acoustic wave-photonic devices in standard silicon-on-insulator. The devices operate at 2.4 GHz frequency, and their interfaces are fiber-optic. The radio-frequency transfer functions of the devices are modified by sub-percent level changes to the group velocity of surface acoustic waves following deposition of layers. Layers of aluminum oxide and germanium sulfide of thickness between 10-80 nm are characterized. The analysis provides estimates for Young’s modulus of the layers.
Photoelectron interference of He atoms in the attosecond ionization gating
Authors: Chen Jia-He , Ben Shuai , Zhen Qi , Sun Yue , Liu Xue-Shen
Published: January 2022

We theoretically investigate the photoelectron momentum distribution of He atoms by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr

o

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dinger equation (TDSE) in few-cycle ionization gating, which is synthesized by two linearly polarized laser pulses. When applying the TDSE, we can clearly see the spider-like structures in the photoelectron momentum spectra. We also find that the spider-like structures can be isolated by changing the relative phase. The directionality of the spider-like structure is changed from right-side to left-side and the ring-like interference structure gradually appears in the photoelectron momentum spectra when increasing the relative phase. The interference patterns observed in TDSE are recaptured well by the quantum-trajectory Monte Carlo (QTMC) model. We separate the ionization time window of the tunneling electron by analyzing the ionization rate. With the help of QTMC simulation, we illustrate the change of the interference structure and its directionality in the photoelectron momentum spectra. By changing the relative phase, the forward-backward asymmetry of the momentum distribution of the emitted electrons can also be controlled. Moreover, we find that the relative contribution of the nonrescattering and the rescattering trajectories can be controlled. These properties are beneficial for the application of photoelecron holography in probing atomic and molecular structures and dynamics.
Scattering response modeling scheme based on combined neural network inspired by the equivalent scattering center
Authors: Yan Tianxu , Li Dongying , Yu Wenxian
Published: January 2022

A novel scheme is proposed in this paper to model the complex scattering pattern of radar target with a small training data set. By employing the ideal equivalent scattering center as transfer function, the frequency domain response can be represented by series of parameters so that the aspect and frequency domain dependency can be decoupled, and modeled, independently. In specific, neural network is employed to model the aspect dependency considering the complexity. To maintain the continuity of transformed parameters, a parameter extraction algorithm based on the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit is designed. With the same amount of training set, the proposed scheme exhibits a much better performance than the existing representative modeling techniques such as Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD)-based model, the polynomial scattering center model and so on. At the same time, the training speed of the proposed model is also faster than those techniques.
Numerical demonstration of surface lattice resonance excitation in integrated localized surface plasmon waveguides
Authors: Magno Giovanni , Leroy Benjamin , Barat David , Pradere Laetitia , Dagens Beatrice
Published: January 2022

We numerically show that surface lattice resonances (SLR) in periodic localized surface plasmon (LSP) waveguides integrated on a dielectric waveguide can be excited via in-phase evanescent coupling, by incident propagation vector outside the light cone and without any constraint on the structural symmetry. FDTD simulations show that the coupling between wideband LSP resonances and narrowband SLR results in a Fano-like resonance, showing few nanometers large sharp spectral features that may be exploited for achieving new functions for integrated optics and sensing.
Spatiotemporal control of laser intensity through cross-phase modulation
Authors: Simpson Tanner T. , Ramsey Dillon , Franke Philip , Weichman Kathleen , Ambat Manfred Virgil , Turnbull David , Froula Dustin H. , Palastro John P.
Published: January 2022

Spatiotemporal pulse shaping provides control over the trajectory and range of an intensity peak. While this control can enhance laser-based applications, the optical configurations required for shaping the pulse can constrain the transverse or temporal profile, duration, or orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here we present a novel technique for spatiotemporal control that mitigates these constraints by using a "stencil" pulse to spatiotemporally structure a second, primary pulse through cross-phase modulation (XPM) in a Kerr lens. The temporally shaped stencil pulse induces a time-dependent focusing phase within the primary pulse. This technique, the "flying focus X," allows the primary pulse to have any profile or OAM, expanding the flexibility of spatiotemporal pulse shaping for laser-based applications. As an example, simulations show that the flying focus X can deliver an arbitrary-velocity, variable-duration intensity peak with OAM over distances much longer than a Rayleigh range.
Collective topological corner modes in all-dielectric photonic crystal supercell arrays
Authors: Zhang Zhaojian , Yang Junbo , Du Te , Ma Hansi , Jiang Xinpeng
Published: January 2022

In this Letter, we propose collective topological corner modes in all-dielectric photonic crystal (PhC) supercell arrays, where each supercell is a second-order topological insulator. We show that coupled multipole corner modes are embedded in surrounding bulk modes at the Γ point even without the band gap, and individual or superposed dipole corner modes are selectively excited with collective behaviors by incident plane waves. These collective modes possess high-quality factors with an optimized thickness of the slab, and multipole decomposition reveals they are dominated by toroidal dipole and magnetic quadrupoles. Finally, we shrink the nontrivial region in each supercell to one unit-cell limit, where we show that collective corner modes still exist. Potential large-area topological applications are also discussed.
Nonreciprocal magneto-optic beam splitting
Authors: Nelson Seth , Guney Durdu O. , Levy Miguel
Published: January 2022

We report an unexplored magneto-optic effect, triple circular reflection/refraction, for the manufacture of nonreciprocal beam splitters. Such beam splitters split up linearly polarized light into opposite-helicity plus linearly polarized beams all traveling in different directions. We present a mathematical description of the effect and its experimental verification in the visible and near-infrared in bismuth-substituted iron garnets. The phenomenon also provides the existence of quadruple and higher order reflection/refraction modes. The effect in question could produce nonreciprocal photonic devices that operate in classical or quantum regimes such as beam steerers, isolators, and routers.
Dose-dependent thresholds of dexamethasone destabilize CAR T-cell treatment efficacy
Authors: Brummer Alexander B. , Yang Xin , Ma Eric , Gutova Margarita , Brown Christine E. , Rockne Russell C.
Published: January 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is potentially an effective targeted immunotherapy for glioblastoma, yet there is presently little known about the efficacy of CAR T-cell treatment when combined with the widely used anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. Here we present a mathematical model-based analysis of three patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines treatedin vitrowith CAR T-cells and dexamethasone. Advancedin vitroexperimental cell killing assay technologies allow for highly resolved temporal dynamics of tumor cells treated with CAR T-cells and dexamethasone, making this a valuable model system for studying the rich dynamics of nonlinear biological processes with translational applications. We model the system as a nonautonomous, two-species predator-prey interaction of tumor cells and CAR T-cells, with explicit time-dependence in the clearance rate of dexamethasone. Using time as a bifurcation parameter, we show that (1) dexamethasone destabilizes coexistence equilibria between CAR T-cells and tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner and (2) as dexamethasone is cleared from the system, a stable coexistence equilibrium returns in the form of a Hopf bifurcation. With the model fit to experimental data, we demonstrate that high concentrations of dexamethasone antagonizes CAR T-cell efficacy by exhausting, or reducing the activity of CAR T-cells, and by promoting tumor cell growth. Finally, we identify a critical threshold in the ratio of CAR T-cell death to CAR T-cell proliferation rates that predicts eventual treatment success or failure that may be used to guide the dose and timing of CAR T-cell therapy in the presence of dexamethasone in patients.
Abundance or stress? Faunal exploitation patterns and subsistence strategies: The case study of Brush Hut 1 at Ohalo II, a submerged 23,000-year-old camp in the Sea of Galilee, Israel
Authors: Steiner Tikvah , Biton Rebecca , Nadel Dani , Rivals Florent , Rabinovich Rivka
Published: January 2022

The submerged site of Ohalo II was occupied during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), between 23,500–22,500 cal BP, bridging the Upper Paleolithic/Epipaleolithic transition in the southern Levant. The site is known for the excellent preservation of its brush huts and botanical remains. This study examines the behavior of its past inhabitants through analysis of the entire faunal assemblage found on the three successive floors of Brush Hut 1. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity to test differing models of prey choice and assess whether the observed resource diversification is the result of resource depression (explained by Optimal Foraging Theory) or resource abundance (explained by Niche Construction Theory). We focused on a quantitative, qualitative and spatial investigation of the more than 20,000 faunal remains, combining traditional zooarchaeological methods with microwear analysis of teeth and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of burnt bones. Identification of faunal remains to the most detailed level possible, combined with analysis of skeletal element frequencies allowed reconstruction of a profile of the desired prey, highlighting the importance of small, expedient prey compared to larger game (ungulates). FTIR was used to identify degrees of burning and to develop a key to identifying burnt bones from water-logged environments. Availability of multiple food sources within a rich habitat may have driven exploitation of those varied local resources, rather than targeting energetically-rich large prey. The choice of a littoral habitat that could be intensively exploited is an example of niche selection. Comparison with contemporaneous and later sites contributes to the ongoing discussion about Early Epipaleolithic prey choice, and the impact, if any, of the LGM in the Jordan Valley. Ohalo II is an example of diverse prey choice motivated by abundance rather than stress, at a 23,000-year-old fisher-hunter-gatherers camp.
Low household income and neurodevelopment from infancy through adolescence
Authors: Hair Nicole L. , Hanson Jamie L. , Wolfe Barbara L. , Pollak Seth D.
Published: January 2022

Despite advancements in the study of brain maturation at different developmental epochs, no work has linked the significant neural changes occurring just after birth to the subtler refinements in the brain occurring in childhood and adolescence. We aimed to provide a comprehensive picture regarding foundational neurodevelopment and examine systematic differences by family income. Using a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 486 infants, children, and adolescents (age 5 months to 20 years) from the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development and leveraging advances in statistical modeling, we mapped developmental trajectories for the four major cortical lobes and constructed charts that show the statistical distribution of gray matter and reveal the considerable variability in regional volumes and structural change, even among healthy, typically developing children. Further, the data reveal that significant structural differences in gray matter development for children living in or near poverty, first detected during childhood (age 2.5–6.5 years), evolve throughout adolescence.