bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience in Covid-19 Times - Is There a Plan B for the Future? A State of Art
Authors: Mayo Augusto Renato Pérez , Nohemí Roque Nieto
Published: November 2021

There are three concepts represented that prove the possibilities of finding a plan B for humankind towards a pandemic such as Covid-19. Our papers focus in the study for the prove of the organizational ambit in Mexico, where it hasn’t been valued as a way of well-being to fortify people for a pandemic like Covid-19 in the organizations, that is to say, about which should be the Plan B for humankind, schools, universities, media, governments, and other domains. There is literature presented that provides arguments of an emergent and meaningful change in the paradigm of human evolution and other organization during future pandemics. To describe this change of strategy, we revisit Florentino, Ríos, Carrillo and Sacubo, Molina, Castello, Mikulic and Fernández, Palomar, Matus, Victorio among others. In any context where people are developed, they must confront situations that can affect significantly their life dynamics and lose forever the perception of a reality built over years of life, exposing them to risks on their physical, mental and emotional health. It is argued that the reason why organizations are not listening more, about the emergent sociocultural, economic, political, and even philosophical change that Covid-19 has caused. The general idea of a change on an emergent paradigm and the next step on the history of humankind is being hatched.
Evolution of Public Debt in Albania during 1990-2017 and its impact on the Economic Growth
Authors: Cano Amarda
Published: November 2021

Public debt is one of the most important macroeconomic indicators due to its impact on the economy of each country. Literature suggests that the effect varies in each country depending on the level of economic development and situation. Public debt will have a direct impact on a country’s economic growth, but there are contrasting opinions amongst economists regarding the use of public debt, particularly in situations of distress and in developing countries. Albania is a country that would be in need of a decrease of the debt/GDP ratio. This can be done through a stimulation of the economy rather than a decrease of the public debt. The empirical analysis shows that the increase on real public debt can negatively influence the GDP, yet, we do not observe a specific level above which the effects worsened. Instead, we notie that whenever the public debt was increasing, the cost of debt would sometimes decrease because the governments substitutes the debt borrowed from second tier banks with debt borrowed from the IMF.
Response of Day Care Centers for Children and Youth with Disabilities in Republic of Srpska to Work Challenges During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Radonjić Andrea Rakanović , Ćuk Mira
Published: November 2021

In accordance with the Law of Social Protection of the Republic of Srpska Day care Centers are institutions of social protections that enable daily care of children in local communities and providing a wide range of services: food and care providing, storage, health care, upbringing and education, psychosocial rehabilitation, work occupation and integration. The proclamation of a pandemic COVID-19, Day care centers had to change the way of working and to provide support to children in their own homes. How the day centers worked and which activities they undertook in the new conditions is the subject of this research. The research was conducted on the entire territory of Republic of Srpska in the period from May to June 2020. The population consisted of all 18 Day care Centers for children and youth with disabilities. A total of 15 Day care Centers participated in the research. Methods of analysis and synthesis and test methods were used in the research, as well as Content analysis method. The technique that was used during the research was specially created survey. Day care Centers for children and youth with disabilities during the corona virus pandemic did not have a operational work plan. Most Day care Centers operated without instructions and guidelines. There was no systemic solution related to the organization of work in changed conditions. Communication with service users mostly took place in the online space, with all the limitations due to the modest technical conditions in Day care Centers, as well as the limited technical capacities of the users. Communication with service users maintained through home visits. During the pandemic, users needed help in a significant number of cases. Day care Centers were engaged in other activities related to the needs of users and the population of local communities during the pandemic. In some cases, they changed or supplemented their activities and developed new project.
The City’s Regulatory Plans in the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Thanas Eftiola
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work is to throw light on the regulatory plans of the city of Korça. Based on the researches done in the press of time and in the relevant institutions as well, it comes out that the city had a regulatory plan for its development. It is documented in the press of time since 1875 making it an early document for both the city and Albania in general. These data derive mainly from the press of time published in Korças they have had a great impact on the social and economic life of the city. The ever documented regulatory plan is that of 1931 in co-operation with two foreign engineers and approved by the Albanian Ministry of Infrastructure. Based not only on the press publications, but also on what we have inherited up to nowadays, we conclude that this plan has never been implemented. The only “ new thing” this plan brought is the “Pirro Boulevard” or the today known “ Skenderbe”, ( Scanderbeg ) which joins the Shen Gjergj Blvd with that of “ Republikës” ( Republic ). In the end, based on archive researches we can deduce that the city of Korça has been among the first cities of Albania having a regulatory plan. A concise and definite fact is the article of 1910 which speaks of “ the City Card” ( Chart ).
The Issue of Genre in Pekić's Early Opus
Authors: Pticina Ljiljana
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the analysis of genre definition of Pekić’s prose. Genre definition of the prose work The time of miracles is mainly analysed and explained, which theoreticians define differently, determining it as a chain, stories, but also as a novel. The analysis of the corpus, that is, the works The time of miracles and New Jerusalem is conducted through the prism of Bakhtin’s theory on the novel, with a brief resistance of Lukacs’ theory to Bakhtin’s when it comes to the analysis of Pekić’s prose. After the explanation of the characterisation of The time of miracles as a novel, we deal with chronotope, as genre definition, where the most common chronotopes that we encounter in Pekić’s prose are indicated. The novelties that Pekić brings to Serbian literature are reflected in one complete novelistic image, a parallel world, documented by historical sources, the witness’ stories, archeological sites. Generally speaking, the central point of his work is occupied by problematising man’s position in the world in general – so, also in the past, present, but in the future as well. And precisely that and such his relation towards culture and existence – erudite, problematising, predictive, revealing – is “analogous to the correlations between chronotope within the work“ (Bakhtin, 1989, p. 386).
Self-Representation in Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown
Authors: Sándor Alexandra Valéria
Published: November 2021

Over the past 15 years, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, influencing both our informal interactions and professional discourses as well as their structure. From this, one can conclude that social media has its own logic, which includes special norms, strategies and mechanisms (van Dijck & Poell, 2013). Therefore, it is not surprising that many of the changes affecting society today have been instigated by the use of social media. Two fundamental features of social media are its ability to transcend geographical and cultural boundaries and the role that recipients play when posts are shared, as opposed to traditional models of mass communication. Consequently, these features have led to the rise of the ‘infodemic’, a term that describes the excessive spread of information and can be used specifically to refer to the dissemination of information about the COVID-19 pandemic on social media platforms (Cinelli et al., 2020). The present study aims to provide a snapshot of how self-representation on social media platforms has changed among Hungarian users during the lockdown period of COVID-19, supported by a brief literature review about the pandemic and its effects on mental health and tested using an online questionnaire to gain deeper insight into social media usage patterns. According to the results of the questionnaire, social media usage and self-representation in social media posts became more frequent during the lockdown. Additionally, symptoms of major depression were more likely among those who shared photos of themselves or their close relations ‘daily’ or ‘multiple times a day’ on Messenger, where the frequency of photo-sharing increased the most.
The Influence of Musically Gifted on the Development of Language Competences
Authors: Sučić Goran
Published: November 2021

Cognitive processes related to children involved in music are directly related to other cognitive processes in the brain because music is known to directly or indirectly affect many mental processes, but we still don’t have evidence of how and in which way this process takes place. Since the paper deals with influence of musically gifted students on the development of language competencies, in the theoretical elaboration of the paper we will try to analyze and compare musical intelligence in relation to linguistic intelligence. The empirical part of the paper will present the results of research on the process of mastering language competencies among students going to gymnasium who are musically gifted and attend music education in relation to other students.
Characterization in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar
Authors: Subashi Esmeralda
Published: November 2021

Julius Caesar, one of Shakespeare finest tragedies, has baffled readers, critics and scholars alike for centuries. It still remains one of the most read plays written by William Shakespeare and it has been part of high school curriculum in many English speaking countries world-wide. One of the most important features of it is the ambiguous and ambivalent portrayal of its characters and this paper endeavors to elaborate on the kaleidoscopic characterization in Julius Caesar by exploring its main characters with a special focus on the two tragic heroes of this play: Caesar and Brutus. Also, the paper will deal with some other important aspects of the play such as its political implications, its characteristics as a problem play and a tragedy of moral choice by building upon a wide corpus of critical criticism on Julius Caesar, and finally it will attempt to work out the play’s relevance to the 21st century readers and audiences.
Developing Multilingual Competence and Cultural Awareness through Forms of Non-Formal Learning: A Contribution to Sustainable Employability, Active Citizenship and Social Inclusion
Authors: Simões Anabela Valente
Published: November 2021

We live in a fast-changing world, where breakthrough technological advances have not just disrupted industries but also changed the way we live, work and learn to a degree humankind has never experienced before. As the modern workplace becomes ever more global and interconnected, proficiency in foreign languages (FL) assumes a fundamental role in international business relations. Simultaneously, being able to navigate culturally diverse environments, i.e., understanding how international stakeholders think, work, and express themselves through their attitudes and behaviours is of paramount importance as well. These challenges also raise pressing questions: How can we prepare learners for a global world in constant evaluation? How can we help them develop 21st-century skills as important as critical thinking, creativity, communication, adaptability, digital literacy and cross-cultural understanding? In May 2018, the Council of the European Union (CEU) adopted a Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning, a framework that attempts to establish a common understanding of competences needed in the present moment and the future, by emphasising the inter-relatedness of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. An important reference tool for education and training stakeholders, this recommendation identifies the following key competences: 1) Literacy competence; 2) Multilingual competence; 3) Mathematical competence and competence in science, technology and engineering; 4) Digital competence; 5) Personal, social and learning to learn competence; 6) Civic competence; 7) Entrepreneurship competence; and 8) Cultural awareness and expression competence. The EU Member States are, thus, encouraged to prepare their citizens for changing labour markets and active citizenship in more diverse, mobile, digital, and global societies, and to develop learning at all stages of life. While teacher-guided approaches will remain an important pedagogical practice, the main approach to teaching key competences is through providing learning environments that facilitate active learning, i.e., student-centred settings where open-ended problems and challenges can be solved through debate, experimentation, exploration, and creativity. This paper aims to narrate a non-formal activity carried out within a Business English Communication course taught at the Higher School of Technology and Management of the University of Aveiro (Portugal), in collaboration with an international group of volunteers from the European Solidarity Corps. This initiative sought to contribute to the development of some of the key competences for lifelong learning, especially multilingual skills and cultural sensitivity and expression, but also digital skills and personal and social skills of the participants.
An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Health Care Expenditures and Economic Growth in the European Union Countries
Authors: Börke Tunalı Çiğdem , Saruç Naci Tolga
Published: November 2021

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries over the period 1995-2014. By using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Test (Dumitrescu and Hurlin, 2012) which is developed to test Granger causality in panel datasets (Lopez and Weber, 2017), it is found that there is a unidirectional relationship between these variables and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Granger causes health expenditure per capita. After determining the direction of the relationship between health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita we estimate the short run and the long run effects of GDP per capita on health expenditure per capita by using Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators which are developed by Pesaran and Smith (1995) and Pesaran, Shin and Smith (1999) respectively. According to the estimation results, GDP per capita has a positive effect on health expenditure per capita both in the short run and the long run.
Learning from the Patient - The Cooperative Endeavor of Analytic Psychotherapy
Authors: Roberts Donna L.
Published: November 2021

Communication involves intimate human interaction that creates shared realities and forges connections. Nowhere is this more apparent and more necessary than in the therapeutic relationship, where the communication is, essentially, the curative agent. By following the patient’s lead, the many nuances of the various levels of communication are harnessed to promote insight and understanding. In this way, that analytic space becomes grounds for new restorative experiences and healing.
Covid-19 and Inequality: A Gender Perspective
Authors: Frontoni Elisabetta
Published: November 2021

My paper examines some aspects of the Covid19 pandemic in Italy from a gender perspective. I intend to highlight some important inequalities in the management and cohabitation during the pandemic that risk being otherwise hidden in the public discourse. I will focus in particular on two circumstances: public decisions about the pandemic and work-care balancing. As regards the first profile, I will focus on the composition of the committees appointed by the government for the management of the crisis and the effects that this composition had on the way to deal with the pandemic in our country. With regard to the second profile, working environment is certainly where inequalities have emerged most clearly, albeit in a different way. First of all, there were women who had to work during the emergency and had problems reconciling work and care role. Secondly, women who could / had to work from home had to deal with the lack of a distinction between workspace and care duties. On this point, the Italian State has taken very different measures from those of other countries, for example the decision not to reopen schools, which has penalised and will continue to penalise women's work. In this perspective, the work will investigate what other measures have been or will be adopted since the so-called third phase.
The Semantics and Syntax of Prepositional Constructions with the Lexical Verb Go in Written and Spoken Discourse
Authors: Tomić Božana
Published: November 2021

A prepositional construction consists of a lexical verb followed by a preposition with which it is semantically and/ or syntactically linked. The main focus of this analysis is the lexical verb go occurring within prepositional constructions. The aim of this paper is to present the frequency and distribution of prepositional verbs in written and spoken discourse. We will also determine all prepositional constructions with the lexical verb go, and present their practical use and distribution in different registers. Given that when distinguishing prepositional verbs, the semantic criteria of idiomaticity must be supplemented by syntactic criteria, we will also show all possible meanings of each prepositional construction found in the analyzed material, and determine the type of transitivity of each meaning. Furthermore, we will compare the distribution and syntactic features of each prepositional construction with the lexical verb go in different registers, and show similarities, disimilarities and all characteristics of their practical use in written and spoken discourse.
Econometric Analysis of Local Community’s Perception Towards Protected Area Management: The Case of Borena-Saynt National Park - Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalew Alemu Jemberu , Assegu Mekonnen Getahun , Afirie Temesgen Tessema
Published: November 2021

This study tried to examine econometric analysis of local community’s perception towards protected area management in the case of Borena Sayint National park. Specifically, the study aims to estimate the direct economic value of natural forest, response on the indirect and option values and, econometric analysis of local community’s perception and/or attitude measured based on use value index. The research was conducted in Borena and Mehal Saynt Woredas with severe deforestation and biodiversity loss. Cross sectional research design and stratified-random sampling method were used, following agroclimatic zonation technique. Primary and secondary data were collected from various sources. Data were gathered from a gross total of 396 respondents. Household survey with 360 interviewees using questionnaire, key informants interview with 21 using checklist and, focus group discussion with 15 target individuals using guiding questions. Secondary data obtained from published and unpublished materials, i.e. books, journals and reports, were used. Analysis was performed using analytical tools, descriptive and order logistic regression econometric model in particular. Descriptive analyses tell us to understand the rank of community priorities of the direct, indirect and option benefits. From the direct benefits, honey, livestock, job opportunity, wood, farm tools, housing poles, tourism, timber, hunted meat, medicine, biodiversity, fruit, coffee orderly have been listed from the highest to lowest local community benefits. Similarly, common pole, biodiversity, water source, community heritage, medicine, robbery, wood fuel, carbon sequestration, tourism, livestock feed are orderly selected as their highest to lowest benefits among direct and option benefits. Hence, Local community prefers indirect benefit of park than direct benefits. The econometric analysis of local community‘s perceptions towards protected area management of the natural forest, ‘Denkoro-Chaqa’ in English means “Deaf-Forest”. Information obtained from order logistic regression (Ologit) based on response rate of households to infer the intrinsic value showed consistency between perception, selective socioeconomic and location variables. This implies that education, married, old-aged and location-2 as most important factors that respondents agreed with significant degree, and hence the most constructive idea to enhance local community’s perception in view of major conservation plans. Reputedly, family base awareness creation with formal and informal education, and other media should be done in core area, buffer zone, transitional zone areas of conservation of natural forest along with take full advantage of local community benefits.
Microbiological Comparative Studies of Crude Aqueous Extracts from Arabica and Robusta Coffee
Authors: Caracostea Luiza-Mădălina , Sîrbu Rodica , Lepădatu Anca Cristina
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of microbial contamination of aqueous extracts of green and roasted coffee originating in India. The samples used in this analysis were obtained by two extraction methods: hot extraction and cold extraction. If a microbial load of samples was found, the same extracts were filtered using sterile 0.22 μm pore size filters from PES (Polyester) for decontamination. The working methodology was based on the Standard SR EN ISO 21149/2017 which provides general guidelines for counting and detecting mesophilic aerobic bacteria using as a medium for isolation, cultivation and counting of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) the non-differential environment. The experimental results obtained showed microbial contamination of all samples. The level of microbial contamination is different for the extracts taken under study, depending on the type of coffee used, green or roasted, but also on other conditions, such as wet or dry processing. Roasted coffee is much less contaminated compared to green coffee, due to a thermal (incomplete) sterilization by the roasting procedure. The working conditions used, the temperature of the distilled water used to prepare the extracts, their non-sterile handling, but also the type of coffee used, are the factors that determined the microbial contamination.
Important Properties of Grapes and Wine from the Dobrogea Area for Therapeutic Use
Authors: Sirbu Rodica , Negreanu-Pirjol Ticuta , Negreanu-Pirjol Bogdan Stefan , Cadar Emin
Published: November 2021

Starting from Herodotus who states that: No cure can cure like wine and can not inspire like it. From antiquity until now grapes and wine represent a viable alternative in multiple therapies if we know how and when to consume these products. This paper is a study that comes to present concretely the beneficial impact of the products that the vine offers us, the plant cultivated in the location of our Dobrogean area. Grapes contain reducing sugars, malic acid, succinic acid, flavonic derivatives, lecithin, choline, leucine, wax and minerals. Wine also has special properties in cellular and mental balance, being a good anti-stress remedy. Medicinal wines are elixirs with beneficial effects on health only if they are prepared correctly. In this paper important properies of wine and grapes are analised and application of wines and their specific effects in different therapies was systematized. The paper aims to open interest in this topic for scientifically controlled consumption and for the use of these natural products in beneficial alternative therapies.
Second Language Distance Learning: The Issue of Language Certification in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Presti Maria Vittoria Lo
Published: November 2021

Language teaching has undergone numerous changes as a result of COVID-19, and has adapted to the new scenario and digital tools. While the programs for university and language school courses have been modulated to the new teaching conditions, language courses aimed at obtaining certifications require the final exam to remain the same. The present study focuses on eight adult students of Italian as a foreign language. These adults are interested in certification and were previously enrolled in a language course in Italy, but this course was transformed into an online offering due to the coronavirus. Some questions arose: how can one ensure the continuity of the new online language course? What didactic activities and teaching materials could be applied to facilitate online teaching aimed at obtaining a language certification? The aim of this study is to look at the pros and cons of online teaching for obtaining a language certification, and at effective methods and operational procedures for online teaching during COVID-19. The study results have been collected from the teacher’s own didactic experience and through distance learning questionnaires to which the students were subjected.
Measures and Possible Support Solutions of the Sustainable European Economy in the Context of Actual Crises
Authors: Manta Otilia
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic involves the major risk of a severe recession, and of the economic, financial, social, educational crises, which will affect the entire EU economy, with consequences for citizens, businesses, jobs, and households. In order to guarantee the continued availability of sufficient liquidity on the market, to counteract the damage caused to healthy enterprises and to maintain the continuity of economic activity during the epidemic and after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to develop a plan of measures and solutions. supporting the European economy, both through direct measures of state aid, as well as through measures to support/develop/innovate the business environment through the EU funding programs allocated at the level of the Member States both in the period 2014-2020, but more elected 2021-2027, the effects of the current crisis being both short term, but especially in the medium and long term. Among the objectives pursued we propose: identification and proposal of state aid measures to support the economy in the context of the current epidemic of COVID-19 through close coordination at European level of the aid measures; estimating the impact of temporary state aid measures on the European economy through the intervention of the European Commission; and ways to attract European funds for the business environment through the European Union funding programs existing in the budget for the period 2014-2020, but especially for the period 2021-2027.
How Artificial Intelligence Can Augment the Collection of Scientific Literature
Authors: Allal Mokeddem
Published: November 2021

This article describes the contribution of artificial intelligence (AI) to the literature collection process, which has become more efficient and more homogeneous. In this context, the researcher will receive his literature not only according to his field. Moreover, the literature is strongly linked to scientific and academic ambitions. AI through its deep learning techniques offers the possibility of speeding up the process of collecting augmented literature via an approach based on the annotation of scientific names and none-scientific names related to the field. AI provides original or reproduced research avenues with reliable and precise results. In this article, we have highlighted how to develop conceptual framework based on scientific and none-scientific names related to the area of expertise, all ensuring the reproducibility, reliability and accuracy of the study.
Smart Retailing in COVID-19 World: Insights from Egypt
Authors: Kotb Ismail , Adel Riham
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on business in general and the retail sector in particular which was hardly hit as sales fell by 20 percent during this period. The main challenges that face retailers nowadays during COVID-19 outbreak include: balance in supply and demand; safety of employees; trust between retailer and consumer; distribution - transportation capability; shortage of manpower and consumer behavior (Fernandes, 2020; Kumar et al., 2020; Pantano et al., 2020). Yet, retailers around the world started to understand the benefits and new opportunities offered by smart technologies (Inman and Nikolova, 2017; Renko and Druzijanic, 2014). New technologies like internet of things (IoT) can play a significant role in controlling the pandemic situation in the retail sector and are expected to bring substantial benefits such as lower labor costs, increased efficiency, attraction of new shoppers and the generation of new revenue channels (Roy et al., 2017; Vaishya et al., 2020; Wünderlich et al., 2013). However, only a limited number of retailers has adopted IoT due to the huge financial investments required and uncertainty of customers' acceptance (Alkemade and Suurs, 2012; Evans, 2011; Pantano et al., 2013). It is, thus, expected to see smart retailers taking a series of actions over the short to medium term to conserve cash and structure of their company for post-COVID-19 operations. This research aims to explore the retailers' perceptions towards the adoption of smart retail technologies in Egyptian retailing context throughout conducting a series of semi-structured interviews with mid-to-top level management in different retail organisations and discuss the advantages and challenges expected from smart retail technologies adoption. Moreover, the research explains how smart retail can help overcoming uncertainities and is considered a well managed response strategy by retailers to COVID-19.
Studies on Chitosan, Chitin and Chitooligosaccharides and Their Biomedical Properties
Authors: Ibram Alef
Published: November 2021

Research in healthcare involves the use of natural resources in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Chito-oligosaccharides (CHOS) are described as homo- or heterooligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. As a starting material for CHOS production chitin or chitosan can be used. When it comes to the medical field, there are indications that CHOS may be developed and used as drugs against asthma, antibacterial agents, ingredients in wound-dressings and vectors in gene-therapy. The methods of production can rely on enzymatic conversions, chemical methods or combinations of these methods. There is ample literature concerning the biological effects of chitosans, but relatively little is known about the effects of CHOS, and the mechanisms behind observed bioactivities are generally poorly understood. This review is focused on the characterization of chitin and chitosan by presenting the biological properties, and on the enzymatic production of CHOS, and on further separation and purification methods for producing well-defined mixtures and also provides an overview of some of the most promising applications of CHOS.
The Effects of Non-Communication on Individual and Social Life in the Communication Age, which is Caused by Social Distance Problem Based on Technological Social Isolation
Authors: Öztürk Emine , Abbasova Sadagat
Published: November 2021

Today, we all live 24/7 online with our computers, tablets and smart phones. We are at the center of communication tools in all environments at home, workplace, hospital, school, etc. and we are always open to communication. While a high level of interaction is expected between people in such an environment, according to most studies, people of our age are far away from establishing a sustainable communication environment with each other. With the development of technology, many problems in interpersonal communication and corporate communication come to the fore, despite the communication tools that have become a life phenomenon that is increasingly common in all areas of life. Here are some of the problems caused by non-communication in the age of communication we are in. 1.Stressful Office Environment and a 2. A Stressful Life. In our daily life equipped with a wide variety of communication tools, it is so easy to reach and communicate with each other, a common non-communication problem arises. Analyzes should be made in order to establish a healthy and sustainable communication environment in terms of both corporate communication and interpersonal communication, the existing communication environments should be evaluated, the deficiencies should be eliminated, if necessary, personal and corporate development should be provided by receiving trainings in this field. Therefore, this presentation will examine the problem of non-communication in the age of communication.
Higher Education and Globalization in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Ion Stavre , Ilie-Prica Monica
Published: November 2021

The competition of civilizations forced the European universities to adapt to the competition with the Chinese and American universities. European integration cannot advance without the collaboration between European universities. An answer to these challenges is the CIVICA project, the European University of Social Sciences, a consortium of the following universities: Bocconi University (Italy), Central European University (Hungary), European University Institute (European Intergovernmental Organization), Hertie School of Governance (Germany), The National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (Romania), Sciences Po (France) and the School of Economics in Stockholm (Sweden). This experiment aims to become one of the European pilot universities, in the first round of applications for Erasmus+ in February 2019. The experiment takes into consideration the most important resource of a country: the human resource. The network of universities that are part of the CIVICA consortium will group approximately 38,000 students, 7,000 teachers and 3,000 people from the administrative apparatus. The London School of Economics is part of the CIVICA consortium, as an associate partner. At the Bucharest conference, the public presentation of the consortium and its objectives, the rectors of the seven universities set out to educate the future generations of professionals in social sciences, in order to solve the most pressing problems of the world. Creating a European identity is essentially the long-term, fundamental objective of the CIVICA consortium. In the context of this conference, we interviewed a few representatives of CIVICA, and their answers will be analyzed in this paper’s section dedicated to the results of the research.
Italian Migration and Entrepreneurship’s Origins in the United States of America: A Business History Analysis from the Post Second World War Period to the Present Day
Authors: Ferrandino Vittoria , Sgro Valentina
Published: November 2021

The opening of international markets following World War II highlighted the differences between territories at regional and national level in terms of the attractiveness of economic activities, investment and human resources. In this context, an important aspect concerned the entrepreneurial process: businesses and entrepreneurs have played a leading role in the activation of the paths of economic growth on the product value, employment and international competitiveness. From this perspective, the study of entrepreneurial dynamics - who the entrepreneurs are, their formation, the path followed for the creation of the enterprise, socio-economic and institutional context in which they acted - becomes crucial to understand the influence of economic and social conditions in the countries of origin as well as the employment and market opportunities, infrastructures and attractiveness of the destination countries. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial path is linked to the migration process and requires a study to highlight the relationship between these two phenomena and their impacts on the development and territorial competitiveness. Starting from the analysis of the literature and researches available at national and international level, in this paper we present the first results of a quantitative and qualitative research at the Archives of the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, as well as in other American economic institutions. The study aims to highlight the scale of the phenomenon in the Italian-Americans economic relations after World War II, the characteristics of firms with immigrant entrepreneurs, as well as the relationship between immigrant entrepreneurship and entrepreneur training. Even though the two authors share the article’s setting, please note that introduction and paragraph 1 are by Vittoria Ferrandino and paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are by Valentina Sgro. Both of the authors wrote the conclusions.
Artificial Intelligence as a Resilient Tool for Fighting Inequalities in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Capucha Luís , Nunes Nuno , Calado Alexandre
Published: November 2021

Can artificial intelligence (AI) be a sustainable way to help solving the Covid-19 global problem? What does the way how welfare states, charity organizations and labour markets are dealing with the pandemic crisis tells us about the AI capacity for reducing exposition of underprivileged groups to the desease? It is becoming more and more visible how the new coronavirus pandemic is affecting specifically the most deprived and vulnerable groups, and also the big difference that welfare states and their policies make. What did the pandemic show about the relations between social inequality, welfare state provision and AI? This presentation will discuss the role of AI as a tool for public policies fighting inequalities that were amplified during the Covid-19 crisis. It will be analysed how the welfare state, the labour market and social communities are already incorporating AI tools and how this can eventually produce more resilient paths. Accelareted and amplified by the Covid-19, several processes of AI penetration in health, education, healthcare, social security, public administrations, labour and surveillance of citizens, became a subject of public discussion. Artificial intelligence is currently a process of long-term change in health and biotechnologies, long-distance education, teleworking, automation, robotization, consumption behaviours, surveillance and human enhancement. An in-deep analysis of the Portuguese case will support the lessons that can be learnt from AI and its use in public policies in a context of pandemic crisis, leading to a set of political recommendations, to promote its application as a resilient tool to fight inequalities.
The Identification of Vitamins from Marine Algae of Black Sea by Spectrodcopic Methods
Authors: Cadar Emin , Tomescu Aneta
Published: November 2021

Modern research from the last years show that some vitamins have changed in their role of maintaining a healthy life. The paper presents information about the concept of vitamins and possible sources of vitamins from marine algae found in the Black Sea. The existence of vitamins in green algae from Enteromorpha and Cladophora species were identified through spectral analyzes in IR.
Improving Cinnamomum Burmannii Blume Value Chains for Farmer Livelihood in Kerinci, Indonesia
Authors: Menggala Sidi Rana , Damme P. V.
Published: November 2021

Cinnamon is the most common baking spice in the world. It comes from a small evergreen tree that's part of the Lauraceae family. Genus Cinnamomum regroups some species whose stem bark is harvested, conditioned and traded as cinnamon in the international market. Over the centuries, the species have been domesticated so that now at least six different ones are grown in Southeast Asia. One of the species is burmannii, also known as Koerintji Cinnamon, which generates income for numerous smallholder farmers in Kerinci district, Jambi, Indonesia. Koerintji cinnamon is known for its unparalleled quality that comes with its sharp and sweet flavour, with a slightly bitter edge. However, international market requirements for product certification and quality standards make it difficult for a farmer to comply. Our research will address issues related to (improvement of) productivity, sustainability and value chains faced by cinnamon producers in Kerinci, to strengthen their product’s value chains. Smallholder farmers are very vulnerable to a well-functioning market, and thus empowering the value chains of agricultural products will increase farmers resilience to have access to the market. The research will analyse the development of agricultural value chains, certification . standards on trade mechanism to help farmers earn a better income and prospects.
The Contemporary Vision of Universal Strategic Planning for Facing (COVID-19) Crisis in the Field of Higher Education Via Virtual Learning - Training
Authors: El-Besomey Dina Ali Mohamed
Published: November 2021

This is an analytical study for Global Education vision 2030 -2020 )) of The contemporary vision of Global strategic plan for facing (covid-19)or the renew corona disease crisis via virtual learning - training for higher education.The research builds in the virtual university configuring its concept and how could it simulate the environments of reality ,and its tools with a new contemporary vision for facing (covid-19) crisis via Global strategic plan of virtual learning - training for higher education, and deals with virtual reality as an effective way to simulate reality whatever the circumstances and difficulties in the environment of university, through which it can be configured for different environments tell the reality of an individual can't be accessed or coexistence with them. For example, the environment of space can't be educated to student in the university environment to live by realistic, and here comes the role of virtual reality in an environment similar to the environment of space and enables the student to interact with it as if in the real environment.
Euroscepticism and Traditions of Nationalism
Authors: Bedirhan Zekeriya Alperen , Ozgoker Ugur
Published: November 2021

The European Union and its member states are in the effect of populism and its catalyzer populist parties. Most of populist parties are the right-wing parties and their politic discourses can be called nationalist. In this study, relations between tradition of nationalism within the context of its historic roots and in the current use, and Euroscepticism will be examined. European identity will be discussed as an important integration factor and populist parties of the European zone will be analyzed with internal and external factors.
Legitimizing Workforce Reduction: A Review on Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak to the Economy
Authors: Zakiyy Norman
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact business organizations around the world financially. One major concern is the common practice of business organizations to reduce their workforce. Issues might arise from such management decisions. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to analyze the legitimacy of managerial decisions relating to workforce reduction. The methodology of legal analysis was used by referring to and reviewing literature in Malaysia, Singapore and the United Kingdom. Major findings show that management decisions on workforce reduction especially during the COVID-19 outbreak must accord with employment law and existing government measures. Apart from that, an employer’s failure to resolve issues of workforce reduction according to the law and government measures would result in trade disputes and eventual court action. The findings of this study can assist employers to make sound management decisions with valid reasons in situations, not within their control.
Teaching and Learning through Laboratory Experiments in the Area of Nuclear Technology
Authors: Lazarte Gustavo , Cruz Kouichi Julian Andres , Lucero Alejandra Lucia Perez , Chautemps Norma Adriana , Keil Walter Miguel
Published: November 2021

Simulated laboratories are an effective tool to complement teaching and learning processes, in this case, in the area of nuclear physics and related sciences. They can be used in universities, schools, and research centers for personnel ramp up and training. This work presents the development of a simulator of a nuclear radiation counter and the elements used in experiments alongside it, such as simulated radioactive sources, absorbing materials and dispersing materials of radiation. This simulator allows us to verify the scientific laws that are involved in the interaction of radiation with matter, in a safe and reproducible way. The simulated laboratory experiments include determining the plateau curve of a Geiger-Müller tube, beta particle absorption and backscattering, and radioactive background. The data obtained from the simulations is based on the real experiments, eliminating the inherent risks of the manipulation of radioactive materials. This also allows to verify theoretical concepts in practice, strengthening the learning process and incentivizing research, interpretation, integration and communication of the obtained results. By incorporating this simulator in the multidisciplinary teaching and learning processes in STEM fields, it is possible to run these laboratories in a simple manner using non-radioactive materials.
The Covid-19 Between State of Emergency and Exception in Italy and Its Consequences on Human Rights
Authors: Omizzolo Marco , Sodano Pina
Published: November 2021

In mid-December 2019, several atypical cases of pneumonia were detected in hospitals in Wuhan City – Hubei Province – in Inner China. It turns out that the first patients had already fallen ill in early December or even mid-November. However, only on the last day of the year 2019, Chinese doctors were able to officially identify a new virus in a 41-year-old patient admitted 5 days earlier. The virus belongs to the class of “coronavirus”, the same to which the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) viruses belong. It is initially baptized 2019-nCov, or “new 2019 coronavirus”. In February, the official name assigned to the virus is Sars-COV-2 and the associated disease is named COVID-19. The outbreak took on considerable proportions in China and then spread to the rest of the world, leading the World Health Organization to declare the infection a “pandemic” on 11 March 2020. The containment strategies applied in the most affected countries have proved to be very different in effectiveness, to the point that the lethality of the virus appears very different from country to country. This difference in impact has led to different legal, economic and social consequences.