bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General Confiscation on Bankcrupty and Confiscation on Criminal Verdict
Authors: Putri Victoria Pasari
Published: September 2021

General confiscation of bankruptcy and criminal confiscation often occur simultaneously, this has led to debate on both sides between the prosecutor and the curator. Prerihal who is most entitled to the property of palilit and confiscated goods into a long discussion. However, if explained clearly, it will be found that public confiscation can precede criminal confiscation. In this journal, the author tries to discuss the substance and outline of the forgery by using normative writing procedures and applicable statutory regulations. In terms of the benefits of the debt and debt problem can be resolved as soon as possible and as fair as possible so that the economy is disrupted, both economies of a small scale and economies of large scale by continuing to pay attention to the Principle of Proportionality which consumes rights and obligations so that everything is in context and achieves goals that are expected to be fair to every one. In terms of legal certainty, Article 31 of the KPKPU Law that mentions all confiscations, appointed when the debtor's bankruptcy is pronounced is a new regulation and a special regulation compared to the confiscation of criminal provisions contained inArticle 39 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code.
Criminalizing Corporations In Environmental Crimes
Authors: Agustian Sanggup Leonard , Sugianto Fajar , Michael Tomy
Published: September 2021

The research objective is to find out how criminal law against the environment accommodates criminal acts committed by corporations and to find out the practice of settlement through criminal law instruments in terms of corporate criminal liability in the environmental sector. The research method used is a normative juridical research method. There is the existence of criminal law as a part of 3 law enforcement regimes (state administrative law and civil law). then the involvement of criminal law in the settlement in the environmental sector regulates the existence of corporate criminal liability (business entity) as a subject of criminal law. The corporate criminal responsibility used by the UUPPLH is strict liability according to the law.
The Government of Indonesia's Accountability Against Forest Degradation Due to Deforestation Based on the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Authors: Sari Cherin Ayudia , Multazam Mochammad Tanzil
Published: September 2021

This study aims to describe and explain the form of Indonesia's responsibility for climate change due to deforestation based on the Paris Agreement. As a form of contribution to climate problems, the Government has adopted the Paris Agreement with the instrument Law Number. 16 of 2016. However, the commitment to contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions has encountered problems in its implementation. On this basis, this study discusses the state's responsibility for climate change due to deforestation. The main emphasis will be on the forestry sector. This problem is the biggest obstacle in Indonesia's commitment to meet the greenhouse gas emission reduction target. This research method uses normative or doctrinal, the data collection process is carried out by reviewing literature that is relevant to the problems written by the author. The result of this research is that regulations on how to overcome the climate crisis in Indonesia are seen as not being able to implement changes in substance with the ultimate goal of reducing emissions as desired. The issue of effectiveness, especially the problem of legal requirements, is still a principle constraint, even some administrative arrangements contain decisions that contradict the declared responsibilities. In line with that, it is proposed the importance of strong guidelines, implementation of the law and balance of responsibilities through the environmental strategy that is carried out.
Social Anxiety Viewed From Self-Esteem In Adolescents Low Socio-Economic Status
Authors: Pratiwi Deby
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the relationship between self esteem with social anxiety. The subjects of this study were 115 adolescents in low socioeconomic status of Lingkungan VIII Belawan I, kecamatan Medan-Belawan. Datas were obtained from scales used to measure self esteem and social anxiety. Calculations were performed by testing the analysis requirements (assumption) that consisted of tests for normality and linearity. The data were analyzed using Product Moment Correlation with SPSS 17 for Windows. The results of the data analysis showed that the correlation coefficient was - 0.595 with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). It showed that there is a negative relationship between self esteem and social anxiety. The results of this study indicate that the contributions made by the variable of self esteem on social anxiety was 35.5 percent, while the remaining 64.5 percent was influenced by other factors that were not examined. From these results, it is concluded that the hypothesis, which stated that there is a negative relationship between the self esteem and social anxiety, is acceptable.
Data Documentation Tool (DDoT) user manual
Authors: Walker LaKenya , Church Joshua , Bednar Amy
Published: September 2021

This manual is intended for new users with minimal or no experience with using the Data Documentation Tool. The goal of this document is to give an overview of the main functions of DDoT. The primary focus of this document is to demonstrate functionality. Every effort has been made to ensure this document is an accurate representation of the functionality of the DDoT. For additional information about this manual, contact ERDC.JAIC@erdc.dren.mil.
Iterative Learning Algorithm for Records Analysis (ILARA) user manual
Authors: Church Joshua , Walker LaKenya , Bednar Amy
Published: September 2021

This manual is intended for new users with minimal or no experience with using the Iterative Learning Algorithm for Records Analysis (ILARA) tool. The goal of this document is to give an overview of the main functions of ILARA. The primary focus of this document is to demonstrate functionality. Every effort has been made to ensure this document is an accurate representation of the functionality of the ILARA tool. For additional information about this manual, contact ERDC.JAIC@erdc.dren.mil.
Care Principles: Guidelines for promoting care-responsive institutional strategies
Authors: Chauhan Dharmistha , Bist Joshi Swapna
Published: September 2021

Care work, both unpaid and underpaid, is mostly carried out by women, and still remains largely invisible in policies and projects across many organizations. The principles outlined in this guide aim to influence institutional policies towards recognizing, planning, adopting and monitoring strategies that reduce and redistribute care work.
Docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells via lipid peroxidation-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Wang Tian-tian , Yang Yong , Wang Feng , Yang Wen-ge , Zhang Jin-jie , Zou Zu-quan
Published: September 2021

Epidemiologic and pre-clinical studies have shown that marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) elicit promising chemoprevention against breast cancer. Docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-DHA), a docosahexaenoic acid sn-1-monoacylglyceroldoes not required pancreatic lipase to be absorbed, eliciting a better bioavailability when compared with other formulations such as DHA-free fatty acid, DHA-triglycerol, or DHA-ethyl ester. However, the anti-cancer actions and underlying mechanisms of MAG-DHA on breast cancer remain to be assessed. In this study, MAG-DHA induced significant growth inhibition in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. MAG-DHA treatment (80μM) led to 83.8% and 94.3% growth inhibition between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. MAG-DHA-induced growth inhibition was tightly associated with apoptosis, as evidenced by increased active forms of caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-12. In particular, MAG-DHA-induced apoptosis was triggered by oxidative stress-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as evidenced by activation of the PERK-eIF2α pathway in ER. MAG-DHA treatment also strongly suppressed the growth of E0771 murine breast cancer xenografts, significant differences of tumor volume were found between MAG-DHA group (0.271 cm3) and control group (0.875cm3) after 15 daily MAG-DHA treatments. The in vitro anti-breast cancer mechanism of MAG-DHA was supported by the in vivo xenograft model. In addition, MAG-DHA-induced ER stress concomitantly triggered autophagy in these cancer cells, and the induction of autophagy suppressed its ability to induce apoptotic cell death. Our data suggested that MAG-DHA as dietary supplement, in combination with autophagy inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic strategy in treating breast cancer.
Recovery of Cassiterite and Topaz Minerals from an Old Metallurgical Dump, Eastern Desert of Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Suzan Sami , Hagrass Ayman , Yassin khaled , Fathy Wael , Boulos Tawfik
Published: September 2021

Huge amounts of tailing dumps as a result of mines’ blasting operations were impacting both economical and environmental problems. This issue was in serious need to be treated with suitable solutions. Evaluation of one of these tailing dumps in the Eastern Desert of Egypt showed the presence of reasonable amount of cassiterite mineral reaching 0.199%. The mineral was found as finely disseminated particulates within varieties of quartz-feldspar-hornblende-biotite granitic formations. In the present study, the processing regime relied upon the synergy between reaching liberation size, and mineral over grinding due to its extreme brittleness. However, delicate grinding via attrition scrubbing was adopted to produce − 0.51 + 0.074 mm attrition product with fine fractions, reaching 62.31% and 37.59%, respectively. The recovery of cassiterite from the − 0.50 + 0.074 mm size fraction was accomplished by the physical difference between mother granitic formations that shielded the mineral grains. Under these conditions, joint shaking table/dry high intensity magnetic separation techniques were conducted to recover cassiterite mineral. The CCD statistical system was used as a mathematical approach to optimize the effect of the main working parameters of the magnetic separator, i.e., splitter inclination angle, and belt speed, and their interactions on the cassiterite recovery of the final concentrate. The suggested flow sheet succeeded to recover cassiterite mineral with a grade reaching 11.25% SnO2 with 94.08% operational recovery from a feed contained 0.19% SnO2. These results are highly imperative to achieve applicable processing flow-sheet of such kind of minerals’ secondary resources.
Short Term Load Forecasting System Using Artificial Neural Networks For Improved Demand Scheduling By Power Utilities.
Authors: Sibanda Jubilee Mzingaye , Gwamuri Jephias
Published: September 2021

Load forecasting is a technique used by power utilities to predict electricity demand to maintain the balance between supply and demand. The problem comes when the power utilities draw more than the inadvertent power from the power pool. This necessitates the need for more accurate forecasting models. In this study, a short-term load forecasting system using artificial neural networks in MatLab was performed. The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization technique which has one of the best learning rates was used as a back-propagation algorithm for the Multilayer Feed Forward ANN model using MatLab® R2018a ANN Toolbox. Historical electricity load data obtained from a feeder line at the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC) Marvel 420 kV substation in Bulawayo Zimbabwe was used for the training, testing, and validation of the model. Results indicate that ANNs can forecast load with an accuracy of 6.71%. The results indicate that the proposed technique is robust in forecasting future load demands for the daily operational planning of power system distribution
Linking Male Reproductive Success to Effort Within and Among Nests in a Co-Breeding Stream Fish
Authors: Kim Seoghyun , Hooten Mevin B. , Darden Tanya L. , Kanno Yoichiro
Published: September 2021

Nest construction is an energetically costly behavior displayed by males in many taxa. In some species, males construct nests and co-breed with other males and they may construct multiple nests in a breeding season. However, little is understood about how allocation of effort within and among nests affects male reproductive success. We characterized reproductive effort of male bluehead chub (Nocomis leptocephalus) on nests in an entire breeding season using PIT antennas deployed around nests and linked effort within and among nests to reproductive success, measured by number of offspring assigned genetically to each male, in a small stream in South Carolina, USA. We monitored time spent by a total of 34 males on each of 18 nests during the spawning season in 2017. A Bayesian hierarchical analysis showed that larger males spent more time constructing and maintaining a given nest, and consequently were more reproductively successful than smaller males on the same nest. Combined with aggressive behavior displayed by larger males toward smaller males, this finding suggested that reproductive effort including agonistic interactions within nests was a determinant of reproductive success. In contrast, more males together constructed larger nests, which led to higher reproductive success of members that constructed those nests. Number of nests that male constructed, a measure of effort across nests, was not a predictor of reproductive success, indicating that reproductive success varied among nests due to nest size. Our study showed that male reproductive success was determined by both aggressive and cooperative behaviors in a co-breeding species.
Disclosing the Bioactive Metabolites Involved in the in Vitro Anthelmintic Effects of Mediterranean Salt-Tolerant Plants: A Combined Approach Using PVPP and HPLC-ESI-MSn
Authors: Oliveira Marta , Lima Caroline Sprengel , Setha Ketavong , Llorent-Martínez Eulogio J. , Hoste Hervé , Custódio Luísa
Published: September 2021

Strategies to reduce dependence on synthetic drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infections in ruminants include the search for novel anthelmintic scaffolds on plants, yet salt tolerant plants remain overlooked. The aims of this study are to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic properties of selected salt-tolerant plants against GIN, and identify the potential bioactive secondary metabolites involved. For that purpose, 80% acetone/water extracts were prepared from dried biomass of aerial organs of nine salt tolerant plant species and tested against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis by the Larval Exsheathment Inhibition Assay (LEIA) and Egg Hatching Inhibition Assay (EHIA). Pistacia lentiscus, Limoniatrum monopetalum, Cladium mariscus and Helychrisum italicum picardi were the most active in both GIN and life stages. To investigate the role of polyphenols in the anthelmintic activity, four selected extracts were treated with PVPP, and non-treated and treated samples were further characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn). While polyphenols seem responsible for the EHIA properties, they are partially accountable to LEIA results. Several phenolics involved in the anthelmintic effects were identified and discussed. In sum, these species are rich sources of anthelmintic compounds and, therefore, are of major interest for nutraceutical and/or phytotherapeutic applications against GIN in ruminants.
Governance Tensions in the Healthcare Sector: A Contrasting Case Study in France
Authors: Mériade Laurent , Rochette Corinne
Published: September 2021

Background: Political and managerial reforms affect the health sector by translating into governance tensions. As identified in the public management literature, they come from the diffusion of management principles and practices from the business world. They manifest at four levels: institutional, organisational, managerial and instrumental. The objective of this research is to understand how these tensions express healthcare institutions with different status. Methods: We conduct a contrasting case study exploring the cases of two French healthcare institutions, one private for-profit (clinic) and one public not-for-profit (cancer treatment centre). Our analyses are mainly based on the content analysis of 32 semi-structured interviews conducted with staff (nurses, doctors, management and administrative staff) of these two institutions.Results: Our results show that these tensions can be distinguished into three categories (tensions on professional values, standards and practices) which are expressed differently depending on the type of healthcare institution and its main management characteristics.Conclusions: Unexpectedly, in the for-profit institution, the most intense tensions concern professional standards, whereas they concern professional practices in the not-for-profit institution. These analyses can help guide policy makers and health care managers to better integrate these tensions into their political and managerial decisions.
Stabilization of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Water Extract of Waste Coconut Husk and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Baglari Sanjib , Brahma Dulu , Gautam Ujjal K , Kalita Pranjal , Baruah Manasi Buzar
Published: September 2021

Here, we report the synthesis of highly photoactive zinc oxide nanoparticles using water extract of waste coconut husk ash as a precipitating agent in a green approach which is a potential source of natural alkaline media. The formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles at different pH of the solution of coconut husk ash was confirmed through powder XRD, SEM-EDX, UV-Vis, FTIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB)and methyl orange (MO) under solar irradiation which undergoes degradation around 98% and 56% within 120 min, respectively. The high photocatalytic activity and rate constant could be attributed to the large surface area due to small particle size that could provide quicker photon absorption and reduction of charge carrier recombination. This current work introduces a new method to reduce energy consumption for the synthesis of highly photoactive low-cost zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Trends Over Two Decades in Life Expectancy With Complex Health Problems Among Older Swedes: Implications for The Provision of Integrated Medical and Social Care
Authors: Meinow Bettina , Li Peng , Jasilionis Domantas , Oksuzyan Anna , Sundberg Louise , Kelfve Susanne , Wastesson Jonas W
Published: September 2021

Background

Due to population aging, it is essential to examine to what extent rises in life expectancy (LE) consist of healthy or unhealthy years. Most health expectancy studies have been based on single health measures and have shown divergent trends. We used a multi-domain indicator, complex health problems (CHP), indicative of the need for integrated medical and social care, to investigate how LE with and without CHP developed in Sweden between 1992 and 2011. We also addressed whether individuals with CHP more commonly lived in the community in 2011 compared to earlier years.
Methods

CHP were defined as having severe problems in at least two of three health domains related to the need for medical and/or social care: symptoms/diseases, cognition/communication, and mobility. The Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD), a nationally representative survey of the Swedish population aged ≥ 77 years with waves in 1992, 2002 and 2011 (n ≈ 2000), was used to estimate the prevalence of CHP. Age- and gender-specific death rates were obtained from the Human Mortality Database. The Sullivan method was deployed to calculate the remaining life expectancy with and without CHP. The estimates were decomposed to calculate the contribution of changes from morbidity and mortality to the overall trends in LE without CHP.
Results

Between 1992 and 2011, both total LE (+ 1.69 years [95% CI 1.56;1.83] and LE without CHP (+ 0.84 years [-0,87;2.55]) at age 77 increased for men, whereas LE at age 77 increased for women (+ 1.33 [1.21;1.47]) but not LE without CHP (-0.06 years [-1.39;1.26]). When decomposing the trend, we found that the increase in LE with CHP was mainly driven by an increase in the prevalence of CHP. Among individuals with CHP the proportion residing in residential care was lower in 2011 (37%) compared to 2002 (58%) and 1992 (53%).
Flupyradifurone Induces Transgenerational Hormesis Effects in the Cowpea Aphid, Aphis Craccivora (Koch)
Authors: Fouad Eman , El-Sherif Sherifa A.N. , Mokbel El-Sayed M. S.
Published: September 2021

Insecticide induced-hormesis, a biphasic phenomenon ,with low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition, which effectively contributes to pest resurgence. Although cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is the most infection insect to legume crops in Egypt, its’ hormesis to flupyradifurone did not previously establish. Therefore, age-stage two-sex life analysis was used to investigate the sublethal and transgenerational effects of flupyradifurone on two successive generations of A. craccivora. Leaf-dip bioassay method revealed high toxicity of flupyradifurone against A. craccivora with LC50 value of 1.82 mg L-1 after 48 h exposure. Treatment of parent generation (F0) with LC10 and LC25 of flupyradifurone significantly increased the longevity and fecundity of the directly exposed adults. The results of transgenerational effects showed that treatment of (F0) with LC25 induced a significant hormetic effects in progeny generation (F1). Furthermore, flupyradifurone at LC25 significantly enhanced the biological traits such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. Similarly, both LC10 and LC25 caused a significant increase in the mean generation time T (d). Conversely ,both treatments had a significant decrease in the doubling time (DT). In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrate that exposure of (F0) to flupyradifurone at LC10 and LC25 enhanced longevity and fecundity in of the directly exposed adults of A. craccivora and induced transgenerational hormesis across the subsequent (F1) generation. These grades must be taken into consideration when using flupyradifurone against cowpea aphids.
State and trait anxiety related gamma oscillations in patients with anxiety within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Bong Su Hyun , Kim Jun Won
Published: September 2021

Background

Diagnosis of anxiety has relied primarily on self-report. This study examined using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to assess the association between anxiety and underlying neural correlates.
Methods

A total of 41 participants who visited a psychiatric clinic underwent resting state EEG and completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The absolute power of six frequency bands were analyzed: delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–10 Hz), fast alpha (10–13.5 Hz), beta (13.5–30 Hz), and gamma (30–80 Hz).
Results

State anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with absolute gamma power in frontal (Fz, r = -0.484) and central (Cz, r = -0.523) regions, while trait anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with absolute gamma power in frontal (Fz, r = -0.523), central (Cz, r = -0.568), parietal (P7, r = -0.500; P8, r = -0.541), and occipital (O1, r = -0.510; O2, r = -0.480) regions.
Conclusions

The present study identified the significantly negative correlations between the anxiety level and gamma band power in fronto-central and posterior regions assessed at resting status. Further studies to confirm our findings and identify the neural correlates of anxiety are needed.
Estimating late toxicities based on multivariable NTCP models in patients of high-risk prostate cancer requiring pelvic nodal irradiation: Comparison between Proton beam therapy and helical tomotherapy
Authors: Chilukuri Srinivas , Sundar Sham , Patro Kartikeswar , Sawant Mayur , Sivaraman Rangasamy , Arjunan Manikandan , Panda Pankaj Kumar , Sharma Dayananda S , Jalali Rakesh
Published: September 2021

Purpose:To compare the estimated late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities between pencil beam scanning proton bream therapy (PBT) and helical Tomotherapy (HT) in patients of high-risk prostate cancers requiring pelvic nodal irradiation (PNI) using moderate hypo-fractionated regimen.Materials and MethodsTwelve consecutive patients treated with PBT at our centre were re-planned with HT using the same dose prescription and constraints. Late GI and GU toxicities were estimated based on the published NTCP models using clinico-dosimetric parameters. ΔNTCP (difference in absolute NTCP between HT and PBT plans) for each toxicity domains for all patients were calculated. Based on ΔNTCP, model-based selection (MBS) thresholds for PBT were applied on the dataset. One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to analyze distribution of data and either Paired T-test or Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test was used to test statistical significance. ResultsPBT and HT plans achieved adequate target coverage. PBT plans led to significantly better sparing of bladder, rectum and bowel bag especially in the intermediate range of 15-40Gy; whereas doses to penile bulb and femoral heads were higher with PBT plans. The average ΔNTCP for grade(G)2-rectal bleeding, G2-fecal incontinence, G2-stool frequency, G2-dysuria, G2-urinary incontinence and G1-hematuria were 12.17%, 1.67%, 2%, 5.83%, 2.42% and 3.91% respectively favoring PBT plans. The average cumulative ΔNTCP for GI and GU toxicities (ΣΔNTCP) were 16.58% (8.25-24.95; 95% CI) and 11.41%(6.8-16.05) respectively favoring PBT. On applying the MBS threshold of any G2 ΔNTCP >10%, 8 (67%) patients would have qualified for PBT.Conclusion:PBT plans led to superior OAR sparing compared to HT which translated to lower NTCP for late moderate GI and GU toxicities in patients of prostate cancer treated with PNI. For two-thirds of our patients, the difference in estimated absolute NTCP values between PBT and HT, crossed the accepted threshold for minimal clinically important difference.
Emergency Department Visits with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the United States
Authors: Guo Jianguo , Sun Mengzhu , Liu Yan-Cun , Pei Jiao , Fan Hui , Zhang Xingyu
Published: September 2021

Background: We aimed to reveal the differences among patients with OSA and without OSA in the Emergency Department (ED), including the utilization medical resources and treatment status. Methods: Using 2016–2017 ED data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we investigated demographics, ED resource utilization, clinical characteristics, and the relationship with other diseases of patients with OSA versus those without OSA. Results: About 5,985,955 (2.8%) out of 215,240,000 annual ED visits were by patients with OSA. Among all of the reasons for ED Visit, patients with OSA who with Respiratory symptoms were 1.38 times (95% CI:1.06-1.78) more likely to seek for treatment than those with general symptoms, and who with Cardiovascular and Lymphatic symptoms were 1.44 times (95% CI:0.96-2.17) more likely to seek for treatment than those with general symptoms. In terms of gender, males were 1.28 times (95% CI:1. 10-1.48) more likely to have OSA than females. The hospital admission rate (30.3% vs. 13.7%, 95% CI: 1.47-2.11) and ICU admission rate (4.3% vs. 1.7%, 95% CI: 1.06-2.32) of OSA patients were higher than those of non OSA patients, also they were more likely to die in the ED or hospital (26.6%, P< 0.01) . Besides, rate of blood tests performed was 1.94 times higher (95% CI: 1.61-2.33), rate of any imaging performed was 1.63 times higher (95% CI: 1.37-1.92), rate of X-rays performed in ED was 1.54 times higher (95% CI: 1.31-1.81).Conclusions: By using the NHAMCS-ED dataset, we described the demographics, ED resource utilization, and clinical characteristics of Emergency Department patients with OSA. Based on that, the ED patients with OSA will increase the hospitalization rate, the ICU admission rate, adverse outcomes, and occupation of medical resources. Therefore, we should pay attention to the process of diagnosis and treatment of patients with OSA, in order to reduce the physiological and economic burden of patients, and improve the quality of life of patients.
Co-Designing Health Interventions With Refugee Communities – A Scoping Review.
Authors: Bartlett Rebeccah , Watterson Jessica , Boyle Jacqueline
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAs of June 2020, there were more than 79.5 million people displaced from their homes globally. Despite significantly different lived experiences, health literacy is poor within most displaced communities, contributing to low awareness and uptake of healthcare services and poor health outcomes as a result. Co-designing health interventions with communities is not a new concept however it is experiencing a significant increase in interest and support within the global health movement and areas of health equity in particular. This scoping review examines the current literature and gaps related to co-designing health interventions with refugees in order to increase health literacy; provide health services; and/or build quantitative data on health needs specific to refugee communities.MethodsThe following three questions were drafted and incorporated into a PICO framework.1. What literature exists surrounding co-designing health interventions with refugee populations?2. What effect (if any) do existing co-designed health interventions have on health outcomes (as defined above) within refugee populations?3. What gaps persist in co-designing health interventions with refugee communities? Key search terms were developed aiming to locate academic literature located within a Venn diagram of three categories: health, refugees and co-design. ResultsCombined searches uncovered a total of 1,804 articles following removal of duplications. 1,750 articles were excluded following screening of title and abstract leaving a shortlist of 54 articles. Only 10 of these articles met PICO criteria and nine of these focused exclusively on co-designing health interventions with refugee populations applied qualitative techniques. Only one article addressed all three health outcomes listed in the inclusion criteria above and half the articles did not discuss intervention outcomes or include any form of process evaluation.ConclusionsThis scoping review presents an opportunity to explore the intersection of collaborative design and health innovation with refugee communities. To ensure health interventions improve health outcomes, communities directly affected by displacement must be supported to authentically participate in, and where possible lead, efforts to co-design within this context. Future research efforts should expand to focus on evaluating the outcomes of ethical, meaningful and representative collaboration.
Secular trends in cryoglobulinemia mortality in the United States in the era of direct-acting antivirals
Authors: Guo Qianyu , Gao Jinfang , Duan Jiaoniu , Hou Ruihong , Zhang Liyun , Lu Tsung-Hsueh
Published: September 2021

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main etiology of cryoglobulinemia with mortality around 25%. Little is known on the changes in cryoglobulinemia mortality after the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for treatment of HCV in 2014 in the US.
Methods

We calculated cryoglobulinemia mortality from 1999 to 2018. The proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) of cryoglobulinemia cases with HCV and those with autoimmune diseases were computed to assess the impact of introduction of DAA.
Results

We identified 1299 people aged ≥ 20 years who died with cryoglobulinemia between 1999 and 2018. The cryoglobulinemia mortality (deaths per million) declined from 1999 (0.4) to 2010 (0.22) and mildly increased from 2010 to 2014 (0.26), and then decreased abruptly from 2014 to 2018 (0.19). The proportion of cryoglobulinemia patients with HCV was 39% (118/302) in 2009–2013 and 26% (81/310) in 2014–2018, with a PMR of 0.67 (95% CI 0.50–0.89). By contrast, the proportion of cryoglobulinemia patients with systemic autoimmune diseases was 2.6% (8/302) in 2009–2013 and 4.2% (13/310) in 2014–2018, with a PMR of 1.58 (95% CI 0.66–3.82).
Conclusion

The changes in cryoglobulinemia mortality during the past two decades are mainly related to the aging and dying of the “baby boomer” cohort who had a high HCV prevalence and to the introduction of a DAA in 2014.
Symptom of Hemifacial Spasm Is Not Affected By State of Consciousness: A Case Report
Authors: Li Tao , Feng Zhuo , Song Chunli , Liang Zhanhua
Published: September 2021

Background: Hemifacial spasm is characterised by twitching of the muscles innervated by facial nerve. It is believed to result from hyperexcitability of the facial nerve nucleus or ephaptic transmission within the proximal facial nerve segment of the facial nerve nucleus. Often we observe spasm in an awakening situation. Actually contractions persist during sleep. To our knowledge, there were no reports on how it manifests under disturbance of consciousness. Herein we report a case whose symptoms sustained under coma status.Case presentation: A 74-year-old female suffered from right side primary hemifacial spasm for 20 years and used to accept botulinum toxin injection in our clinic. Unfortunately she was carried to emergency department in our hospital after traumatic right pneumothorax by accident. During emergency rescue cardiac arrest and apnea happened. She was then hospitalized in emergency intensive care unit for further therapy. During hospitalization, she was under coma status. Vital signs were stable and symptoms of hemifacial spasm sustained. A multidisciplinary consultation was request to identify whether it was focal cortical seizures involving the right side facial muscles. Physical examination revealed brief involuntary clonic or tonic contractions accompanied with the ‘Babinski-2’ sign. Synthesize the relevant data including past history, clinical manifestation and negative head computed tomography scanning, diagnosis was made as hemifacial spasm. Herein symptoms of hemifacial spasm were not life threatening and anti-epileptic drug was not necessary.Conclusions: It’s better for nonspecialists to prompt diagnose instead of under or misdiagnose the symptoms as seizures as inappropriate diagnostic or therapeutic measures may be taken inadvertently.
Application of Proximal Tibial Bone Cutting Block Without Guide Rod In Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Technical Note
Authors: Lv Shuai-Jie , Chu Xiaobing
Published: September 2021

Background The tibial bone cutting can affect the postoperative mechanical axis (MA), joint function and prosthesis life in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Traditional intramedullary or extramedullary positioning systems have the possibility of embolization, difficulty in positioning and prolonged operation time. A bone cutting guide block with a fixed posterior slope angle (PSA) also may change the original physiological PSA. Methods We describe a tibial bone cutting technique with the help of a new tibial bone cutting guide block without a positioning rod. The positioning plate and metal probe were used to determine the PSA and thickness of bone cutting by preoperative X-ray measurement according to the preoperative measurement. Results The tibial bone cutting block without guide rod can keep the physiological PSA, reduce the error and operating time of the traditional positioning method in surgery. Conclusion This technique may be a good option for TKA patients, especially those with tibial deformities. Trial registration: retrospectively registered
Forecasting electricity consumption in Shanghai using a nonlinear interval grey model
Authors: WU Zhiqiang , GAO Yan , WANG Bo
Published: September 2021

Carbon emissions from fossil energy not only cause a lot of extreme weathers, but also global warming. Accurately forecasting of electricity demand can promote the development of the renewable energy, which is vital to achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In this paper, a nonlinear interval grey model based on genetic algorithm and BP neural network optimization (BPGA-IGM (1,1)) is proposed to predict electricity consumption. Firstly, based on the forecast of China's energy consumption and China's coal consumption, the reliability and superiority of the BPGA-IGM (1,1) model have been verified. Then, the model and other competing models are applied to forecast Shanghai's electricity consumption. The empirical results show that the model designed in this paper could obtain more accurate and reliable prediction results. According to the empirical results, Shanghai's electricity consumption continues to rise to a higher level of no less than 1978.19 million kWh by 2025. On the basis of this issue, several suggestions have been offered.
Genetic diversity of fragmented natural populations of Pyrenacantha volubilis Wight. in India
Authors: Ramachandran Arjun , Santhoshkumar A. V. , Mathew Deepu , Elizabeth Manju , Joseph Jiji , Vasudeva Ramesh
Published: September 2021

Pyrenacantha volubilis Wight. is a dioecious liana occurring in small, clustered populations. The species had no documented use until the recent past, when it was identified to be a source of a highly traded anti-cancer drug – camptothecin. In the present study, we examine the genetic diversity of 12 fragmented natural populations of P. volubilis using morphological and molecular traits. Twelve polymorphic Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers and 29 agromorphological traits were used to discriminate the populations using UPGMA and NJ tree algorithms respectively. The ISSR amplicon profile had 133 distinct bands. The maximum number of amplicons were produced by UBC 844 (20 bands) and the average polymorphism was 80.07 per cent. The dendrograms obtained based on molecular and agro-morphological data are in close congruence. The Thiruvananthapuram population stood apart in both the analyses as a discrete outgroup: perhaps a consequence of local adaptation. Substantial genetic diversity exists among populations. This could be tapped in domestication, which is the only way forward for the long-term survival of this species. We also report for the first time a standardized method for extraction of genomic DNA from the leaves of P. volubilis.
Anti-explosion Capability and Impact Response of an Innovative Multi-layered Composite Explosion Containment Vessel
Authors: Yuan Qi , Chen Heng , Gu Wenbin , Wang Zhen , Hao Likai
Published: September 2021

Owing to its advantages of high strength and low density, composite explosion containment vessel (CECV) can limit the scope of internal explosion shock wave, thereby reducing the damage to the surrounding environment and protecting human life and property. However, due to the complexity of the explosion process and related structure, the mechanism by which shock wave is induced on the inner lining of the explosion containment vessel (ECV) and the influence of the structural parameters of ECV on the reflection overpressure of the inner wall are not understood clearly. In this study, the characteristic of the internal explosion pressure load of a single-layer ECV is examined through experimental tests and simulations, and a three-dimensional mesoscopic model is established and verified. Furthermore, to solve the problem of the restricted explosion resistance of the single-layer ECV, a new steel plate-aluminum honeycomb-fiber cloth sandwich structure with sliding lining is proposed to design a multi-layer CECV. For the arrangement of fiber filaments, uniform distribution, random distribution, and honeycomb distribution algorithms are established based on Python language. Finally, a finite element model of the CECV is established, and a series of explosion simulations are conducted. The results indicate that the laying angle of the fibre cloth has no effect on the peak overpressure inside the ECV, and the ECV exhibits the best protective property when the laying angle of the fibre cloth is 0°/ 45°/ 90°/ 45°/ 0°. It is also observed that the steel plate-aluminium honeycomb-fibre cloth sandwich structure prolongs the action time of the explosion shock wave and greatly reduces the peak pressure in the CECV. Remarkably, for the weakest position of the tank, the strain for the multi-layer CECV under 3000 g TNT is even less than that for the single-layer ECV under 150 g TNT.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Density of the Corn Leafhopper and Its Impact on Both Disease Incidence and Natural Parasitism
Authors: Virla Eduardo Gabriel , Albarracín Erica B. Luft , Diaz Cecilia , Nieuwenhove Guido A. Van , Fernández Franco D. , Aráoz María V. Coll , Melchert Nicolás , Conci Luis R. , Pecci María P. Giménez
Published: September 2021

The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a specialist herbivore that attacks maize in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. It is vector of three relevant plant pathogens being responsible for severe yield losses. Modern agriculture is dependent on the addition of fertilizers, especially nitrogen, which may influence the nutritional quality of the plants possibly with a subsequent increment of herbivorous insect populations. Through a field experiment, using a randomized design with four treatments with different levels of fertilization, we evaluated the effects of nitrogen fertilization in corn on the population levels of the vector D. maidis, on the incidence of the diseases transmitted by it, and on the levels of parasitism of the vectors’ eggs. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used significantly influenced the density of the corn leafhopper and the parasitism by egg parasitoids, but not the incidence of the diseases transmitted by it. Two weeks after fertilization, the vector density was significantly higher in the highly fertilized treatment. The disease incidence was not directly linked with the level of fertilization, however, the symptoms of the diseases were much less evident in plants that received higher fertilization. Parasitism levels by egg parasitoids increased accordingly to the level of D. maidis populations.
Inhibition of TGF-β Signaling Suppresses Th17 Differentiation and Promotes Treg Numbers but Does Not Reduce Experimental Arthritis.
Authors: Aarts Joyce , Caam Arjan van , Marijnissen Renoud M. , Helsen Monique M. , Walgreen Birgitte , Vitters Elly L. , de Loo Fons A. van , Lent Peter L. van , Kraan Peter M. van der , Koenders Marije I.
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTGF-β is an important growth factor to promote the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) as well as regulatory T cells (Treg). Due to its dual role, the potential of TGF-β as therapeutic target in T cell-mediated diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-β inhibition on murine Th17 differentiation in vitro, on human RA synovial explants ex vivo, and on the development of experimental arthritis in vivo. MethodsMurine splenocytes were differentiated into Th17 cells, and the effect of the TGF-βRI inhibitor SB-505124 on Th17 differentiation was studied. RA synovial biopsies were cultured for 24h in the presence or absence of SB-505124. Experimental arthritis models were induced in C57Bl6 mice, and were treated daily with SB-505124. FACS analysis was performed to measure different T cell subsets. Histological sections were analysed to determine joint inflammation and destruction.ResultsSB-505124 potently reduced murine Th17 differentiation by decreasing Il7a and Rorc gene expression and IL-17 protein production. SB-505124 significantly suppressed IL-6 production by RA synovial explants. In the Th17-driven arthritis model, SB-505124 reduced Th17 levels, while increased levels of Tregs were observed. Despite this skewed Th17/Treg balance, SB-505124 treatment did not result in suppression of joint inflammation and destruction in this model.ConclusionsBlocking TGF-β signalling suppresses Th17 differentiation and improves the Th17/Treg balance. However, SB-505124 treatment does not suppress experimental arthritis, and is therefore not an adequate way to target Th17-driven inflammation.
Temperature Based Optimization of Friction Stir Welding of AA 6061 Using GRA Synchronous With Taguchi Method
Authors: Messele Eyob , Tsegaw Assefa Asmare
Published: September 2021

One of the recent novel joining mechanisms in the solid-state-welding process is Friction Stir Welding (FSW). The process is extensively used in joining similar and dissimilar materials as well. This research studied and found the optimum process parameters of FSW based on the temperature simulation results on a 5 mm 6061 Al alloy sheet with a butt joint configuration. Steady-state heat transfer analysis was performed using a transient thermal workbench to predict and identify the optimum parameters grounded on the simulation welding temperature result. The parameters are optimized using the hybrid Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and Grey relation analysis method with a larger is better quality characteristic. Mechanical properties of the weld joints' such as hardness and tensile strength, were studied at an ambient temperature. The result revealed that a higher rotational speed with a minimum traverse speed and taper threaded tool pin impart the optimum parameter settings. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out also to determine the effects of each process parameter. At a 95 % confidence interval, rotational and traverse speeds show significant characteristics. The joint efficiency reached 92.25% of the base metal at a maximum welding temperature. Additionally, the microstructure of the stir weld zone of the specimen was studied as well. Metallographic Characterization carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revealed the microstructure of the samples after the weld did not show any significant change with the base metal. Furthermore, this study scheme can be extended to thick non-ferrous, ferrous, and metal-based composite materials, too.
Capsular Thyroid Injection Therapy Under Ultrasound Guidance for the Treatment of Subacute Thyroiditis
Authors: huo jinlong , Chen Chen , Gao Dan , Yang Li , Shen Shuang , Qu Rui , Jiang Hang , Chen Xin , Zhu Shuanghong , Hu Xiaochi , Chen Yanqi , Luo Libo , Guo YouMing , Ou Dong
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of capsular thyroid injection therapy under ultrasound guidance for treating subacute thyroiditis.MethodsSeventy-three patients with subacute thyroiditis were divided into groups A (n=48) and B (n=25). Group A was treated with ultrasound-guided capsular injection consisting of a mixture of dexamethasone (DEX) and lidocaine in the thyroid lesion area, while patients in group B received oral prednisolone (PSL). The duration of pain relief, duration of treatment, time of thyroid function recovery, recurrence rates, hypothyroidism, and side effects between the two groups were compared.ResultsAfter 12 months of follow-up, the duration of pain relief, duration of treatment and thyroid function recovery in group A were significantly shorter than those in group B (P<0.05), except for the recurrence rate and hypothyroidism (P>0.05). Weight gain in patients was significantly higher in group A than in group B at the end of treatment (P<0.001).ConclusionUltrasound-guided local injection of DEX and lidocaine combination can rapidly relieve pain, shorten the duration of treatment, and reduce adverse effects when compared with oral PSL treatment.