bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Midpregnancy Leptin and Adiponectin Levels as Predictors of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prenatal Cohort Study
Authors: Joung Kyoung Eun , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L , Oken Emily , Mantzoros Christos S
Published: May 2021

Context

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impaired social function and repetitive behaviors. Their etiology is largely unknown.

Objective

This work aims to examine the associations of maternal second-trimester and cord blood leptin and adiponectin levels with ASDs in offspring.

Methods

We used data from 1164 mother-child pairs enrolled in Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the associations of leptin and adiponectin levels in maternal second-trimester blood and cord blood obtained at birth with ASDs. Additionally, we examined the association of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) as an exposure. Main outcome measures included doctor-diagnosed ASDs reported by mothers using questionnaires in midchildhood and early adolescence.

Results

The cumulative incidence of ASDs was 3.4%. Maternal prepregnancy BMI (per 5 points) was positively associated with ASDs in a logistic regression model adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, education, smoking status and child sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06-1.79). Higher second-trimester adiponectin was associated with lower odds of ASD in offspring (unadjusted OR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.78; and OR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91 after adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, education, child sex, OR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.93 after adjusting for BMI, gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and smoking status). Maternal leptin and cord blood leptin and adiponectin levels were not associated with ASDs.

Conclusion

Prepregnancy BMI and adiponectin during pregnancy may be useful as a tool to monitor the risk of autism. Increasing adiponectin levels prenatally may play a role in the prevention of ASDs.
The Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Mineralocorticoid Receptor–Directed Therapies in Heart Failure
Authors: Young Morag J , Kanki Monica , Karthigan Nikshay , Konstandopoulos Penny
Published: May 2021

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRA), also referred to as aldosterone blockers, are now well-recognized for their clinical benefit in patients who have heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Recent studies have also shown MRA can improve outcomes in patients with HFpEF, where the ejection fraction is preserved but left ventricular filling is reduced. While the MR is a steroid hormone receptor best known for antinatriuretic actions on electrolyte homeostasis in the distal nephron, it is now established that the MR has many physiological and pathophysiological roles in the heart, vasculature, and other nonepithelial tissue types. It is the impact of MR activation on these tissues that underpins the use of MRA in cardiovascular disease, in particular HF. This mini-review will discuss the origins and the development of MRA and highlight how their use has evolved from the “potassium-sparing diuretics” spironolactone and canrenone over 60 years ago, to the more receptor-selective eplerenone and most recently the emergence of new nonsteroidal receptor antagonists esaxerenone and finerenone.
Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer with Synchronous Peritoneal Metastases: Multicenter Study of ‘Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam—S.I.C.O.’
Authors: Marano Luigi , Marrelli Daniele , Sammartino Paolo , Biacchi Daniele , Graziosi Luigina , Marino Elisabetta , Coccolini Federico , Fugazzola Paola , Valle Mario , Federici Orietta , Baratti Dario , Deraco Marcello , Di Giorgio Andrea , Macrì Antonio , Pasqual Enrico Maria , Framarini Massimo , Vaira Marco , Roviello Franco ,   the Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam (S.I.C.O.)
Published: May 2021

Background

The development of multimodality treatment, including cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), has led to promising results in selected patients with peritoneal disease of gastric origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of CRS/HIPEC in the treatment of synchronous peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.

Methods

The Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam—S.I.C.O. retrospective registry included patients with synchronous peritoneal malignancy from gastric cancer submitted to gastrectomy with CRS and HIPEC between 2005 and 2018 from 11 high-volume, specialized centers.

Results

A total of 91 patients with a median age of 58 years (range 26–75) were enrolled. The median overall survival (OS) time for the whole group of patients was 20.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.8–28.5] and the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 7.3 months (95% CI 4–10.6). The completeness of cytoreduction score (CCS) of 0 and Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) score of ≤ 6 groups showed a significantly better long-term survival (median OS 40.7 and 44.3 months, respectively) compared with the incomplete resected groups (median OS 10.7 months,p = 0.003) and PCI score of > 6 group (median OS 13.4 months,p = 0.005). A significant difference was observed in the survival rate according to neoadjuvant treatment (untreated patients: 10.7 months, 95% CI 5.1–16.2; treated patients: 35.3 months, 95% CI 2.8–67.8;p = 0.022).

Conclusions

In referral centers, CRS and HIPEC after neoadjuvant treatment significantly improved survival in selected patients. Patients with a PCI score ≤ 6, complete cytoreduction, negative nodal involvements, and negative cytology had encouraging results, showing a clinically meaningful survival.
Manipulation under anaesthesia after primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Goytizolo Enrique , Mishu Mithun D. , Westrich Geoffrey H.
Published: May 2021

Aims

Manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) remains an effective intervention to address restricted range of motion (ROM) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and occurs in 2% to 3% of primary TKAs at our institution. Since there are few data on the outcomes of MUA with different anaesthetic methods, we sought to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing MUA with intravenous (IV) sedation and neuraxial anaesthesia.

Methods

We identified 548 MUAs after primary TKA (136 IV sedation, 412 neuraxial anaesthesia plus IV sedation) from March 2016 to July 2019. The mean age of this cohort was 62 years (35 to 88) with a mean body mass index of 31 kg/m2(18 to 49). The mean time from primary TKA to MUA was 10.2 weeks (6.2 to 24.3). Pre-MUA ROM was similar between groups; overall mean pre-MUA extension was 4.2° (p = 0.452) and mean pre-MUA flexion was 77° (p = 0.372). We compared orthopaedic complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, length of stay (LOS), and immediate and three-month follow-up knee ROM between these groups.

Results

Following MUA, patients with IV sedation had higher mean VAS pain scores of 5.2 (SD 1.8) compared to 4.1 (SD = 1.5) in the neuraxial group (p < 0.001). The mean LOS was shorter in patients that received IV sedation (9.5 hours (4 to 31)) compared to neuraxial anaesthesia (11.9 hours (4 to 51)) (p = 0.009), but an unexpected overnight stay was similar in each group (8.6%). Immediate-post MUA ROM was 1° to 121° in the IV sedation group and 0.9° to 123° in the neuraxial group (p = 0.313). Three-month follow-up ROM was 2° to 108° in the IV sedation group and 1.9° to 110° in the neuraxial anaesthesia group (p = 0.325) with a mean loss of 13° (ranging from 5° gain to 60° loss), in both groups by three months. No patients in either group sustained a complication.

Conclusion

IV sedation alone and neuraxial anaesthesia are both effective anaesthetic methods for MUA after primary TKA. Surgeons and anaesthetists should offer these anaesthetic techniques to match patient-specific needs as the orthopaedic outcomes are similar. Also, patients should be counselled that ROM following MUA may decrease over time. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):126–130.
Medicare bundles for arthroplasty
Authors: Springer Bryan D. , McInerney Jordan
Published: May 2021

Aims

There is concern that aggressive target pricing in the new Bundled Payment for Care Improvement Advanced (BPCI-A) penalizes high-performing groups that had achieved low costs through prior experience in bundled payments. We hypothesize that this methodology incorporates unsustainable downward trends on Target Prices and will lead to groups opting out of BPCI Advanced in favour of a traditional fee for service.

Methods

Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data, we compared the Target Price factors for hospitals and physician groups that participated in both BPCI Classic and BPCI Advanced (legacy groups), with groups that only participated in BPCI Advanced (non-legacy). With rebasing of Target Prices in 2020 and opportunity for participants to drop out, we compared retention rates of hospitals and physician groups enrolled at the onset of BPCI Advanced with current enrolment in 2020.

Results

At its peak in July 2015, 342 acute care hospitals and physician groups participated in Lower Extremity Joint Replacement (LEJR) in BPCI Classic. At its peak in March 2019, 534 acute care hospitals and physician groups participated in LEJR in BPCI Advanced. In January 2020, only 14.5% of legacy hospitals and physician groups opted to stay in BPCI Advanced for LEJR. Analysis of Target Price factors by legacy hospitals during both programmes demonstrates that participants in BPCI Classic received larger negative adjustments on the Target Price than non-legacy hospitals.

Conclusion

BPCI Advanced provides little opportunity for a reduction in cost to offset a reduced Target Price for efficient providers, as made evident by the 85.5% withdrawal rate for BPCI Advanced. Efficient providers in BPCI Advanced are challenged by the programme’s application of trend and efficiency factors that presumes their cost reduction can continue to decline at the same rate as non-efficient providers. It remains to be seen if reverting back to Medicare fee for service will support the same level of care and quality achieved in historical bundled payment programmes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):119–125.
A novel approach to 3D bone creation in minutes
Authors: Mahfouz Mohamed R. , Abdel Fatah Emam E. , Johnson J. Michael , Komistek Richard D.
Published: May 2021

Aims

The objective of this study is to assess the use of ultrasound (US) as a radiation-free imaging modality to reconstruct 3D anatomy of the knee for use in preoperative templating in knee arthroplasty.

Methods

Using an US system, which is fitted with an electromagnetic (EM) tracker that is integrated into the US probe, allows 3D tracking of the probe, femur, and tibia. The raw US radiofrequency (RF) signals are acquired and, using real-time signal processing, bone boundaries are extracted. Bone boundaries and the tracking information are fused in a 3D point cloud for the femur and tibia. Using a statistical shaping model, the patient-specific surface is reconstructed by optimizing bone geometry to match the point clouds. An accuracy analysis was conducted for 17 cadavers by comparing the 3D US models with those created using CT. US scans from 15 users were compared in order to examine the effect of operator variability on the output.

Results

The results revealed that the US bone models were accurate compared with the CT models (root mean squared error (RM)S: femur, 1.07 mm (SD 0.15); tibia, 1.02 mm (SD 0.13). Additionally, femoral landmarking proved to be accurate (transepicondylar axis: 1.07° (SD 0.65°); posterior condylar axis: 0.73° (SD 0.41°); distal condylar axis: 0.96° (SD 0.89°); medial anteroposterior (AP): 1.22 mm (SD 0.69); lateral AP: 1.21 mm (SD 1.02)). Tibial landmarking errors were slightly higher (posterior slope axis: 1.92° (SD 1.31°); and tubercle axis: 1.91° (SD 1.24°)). For implant sizing, 90% of the femora and 60% of the tibiae were sized correctly, while the remainder were only one size different from the required implant size. No difference was observed between moderate and skilled users.

Conclusion

The 3D US bone models were proven to be closely matched compared with CT and suitable for preoperative planning. The 3D US is radiation-free and offers numerous clinical opportunities for bone visualization rapidly during clinic visits, to enable preoperative planning with implant sizing. There is potential to extend its application to 3D dynamic ligament balancing, and intraoperative registration for use with robots and navigation systems. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):81–86.
Day-case approach to immediate breast reconstruction: pushing the boundaries of ambulatory breast surgery in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Shaker H , Leena NAR , Mayers V , Koussa F , Deshpande A
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Day-case surgery is safe and efficacious for most breast surgical procedures. Limited data exist on its use in immediate breast reconstruction. We present our experience of day-case management of mastectomy with immediate pre-pectoral implant-based reconstruction (IBR).

Methods

Data were collected on 47 patients who underwent day-case skin-sparing (SSM) or nipple-sparing (NSM) mastectomy with pre-pectoral IBR between October 2017 and September 2019. Clinicopathological data were collected, including postoperative complications, re-admission and re-operation. The data were compared to published national standards.

Results

Median age was 52 years (range 37–74). Thirty-two patients (68%) had an SSM and 15 (32%) had an NSM. Two patients (4%) had risk-reducing mastectomies and 45 had treatment for invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Mean tumour size was 33.3mm (range 7–85mm). Forty-two (89%) patients went home on the day of surgery. No patients required re-operation in the first 48 hours. The median postoperative follow-up time was 11.4 months (range 1.8–22.7 months). During the first 90-day postoperative period, eight patients (17%) developed superficial skin necrosis, five patients (10.6%) developed postoperative infections and five patients (10.6%) suffered an implant loss. Eight patients (17%) were readmitted for re-operation. Compared to UK national standards set in the iBRA study, our cohort has demonstrated comparable postoperative infection, implant loss and re-operation and re-admission rates.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated close to 90% day-case success rate for mastectomy with IBR. These early data suggest that immediate IBR can be carried out in a manner that is cost-efficient without impacting surgical outcomes.
Sub-Rayleigh second-order correlation imaging using spatially distributive colored noise speckle patterns
Authors: Li Zheng , Nie Xiaoyu , Yang Fan , Liu Xiangpei , Liu Dongyu , Dong Xiaolong , Zhao Xingchen , Peng Tao , Suhail Zubairy M. , Scully Marlan O.
Published: May 2021

We present a novel method, to our knowledge, to synthesize non-trivial speckle patterns that can enable sub-Rayleigh second-order correlation imaging. The speckle patterns acquire a unique anti-correlation in the spatial intensity fluctuation by introducing the blue noise distribution on spatial Fourier power spectrum to the input light fields through amplitude modulation. Illuminating objects with the blue noise speckle patterns can lead to a sub-diffraction limit imaging system with a resolution more than three times higher than first-order imaging, which is comparable to the resolving power of ninth order correlation imaging with thermal light. Our method opens a new route towards non-trivial speckle pattern generation by tailoring amplitudes in spatial Fourier power spectrum of the input light fields and provides a versatile scheme for constructing sub-Rayleigh imaging and microscopy systems without invoking complicated higher-order correlations.
High-speed secure key distribution based on chaos synchronization in optically pumped QD spin-polarized VCSELs
Authors: Huang Yu , Zhou Pei , Li NianQiang
Published: May 2021

We propose and numerically demonstrate a high-speed secure key distribution (SKD) based on polarization-keying chaos synchronization in two quantum dot (QD) spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) without any external feedback. In this scheme, high-quality chaos synchronization can be obtained when the response lasers have the same polarization ellipticity. The proposed SKD scheme is benefited from the feasible tunability of the pump polarization ellipticity, and no other complex components are necessary. Moreover, the open-loop configuration is constructed in the commonly driven lasers and results in a short synchronization recovery time of hundreds of picoseconds, which is much shorter than that in most previous reports. Combined with these merits, a 1.34 Gb/s SKD with a bit error ratio lower than 3.8 × 10−3 can be achieved. The current study provides a new way to realize high-speed physical key distribution.
Ultra-compact X-shaped waveguide crossings with flexible angles based on inverse design
Authors: Dong Zhenli , Qiu Jifang , Chen Yuchen , Liu Chang , Guo Hongxiang , Zhang Wenjia , He Zuyuan , Wu Jian
Published: May 2021

When photonics integrated circuits (PICs) become more massive in scale, the area of chip can’t be taken full advantage of with 2×2 waveguide crossings with a 90° intersection angle. Crossings with small angles would be a better idea to further improve the area utilization, but few works have researched 2×2 crossings with different angles. In this paper, in order to have an ultra-compact footprint and a flexible intersection angle while keeping a high performance, we report a series of compact X-shaped waveguide crossings in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides for fundamental transverse electric (TE0) mode, designed by using finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) numerical analysis method and a global optimization method. Thanks to inverse design, a compact footprint as small as 4.5 µm2 and various angles between two input/output waveguides of 30°, 45°, 60°, 80° and 90° are achieved. Simulation results show that all crossings have good performance of insertion losses (ILs) within 0.1∼0.3 dB and crosstalks (CTs) within −20∼−50 dB in the wavelength range of 1525∼1582 nm. Moreover, the designed crossings were fabricated on a commercially available 220-nm SOI platform. The measured results show that the ILs of all crossings are around 0.2∼0.4 dB and the CTs are around −20 dB∼−32 dB; especially for the 30° intersection angle, the crossing has IL around 0.2 dB and CT around −31 dB in C band. Besides, we theoretically propose an approach of a primary structure processing technique to enhance the device performance with a more compact footprint. This technique is to remove the redundant structures in conjunction with the electric field distribution during the optimization procedure of inverse design. For the new 90° crossing structure produced by it, simulation results show that ILs of 0.29 ± 0.03 dB and CTs of −37 ± 2.5 dB in the wavelength range of 1500∼1600 nm are achieved and the footprint is shrunk by 25.5%.
Inverse computational ghost imaging for image encryption
Authors: Zheng Peixia , Tan Qilong , Liu Hong-chao
Published: May 2021

Computer-generated random patterns and bucket detection are two key characteristics of computational ghost imaging (GI), which offer it a potential application in optical encryption. Here, we propose an inverse computational GI scheme, in which bucket signals are firstly selected and then random patterns are calculated correspondingly. Different GI reconstruction algorithms are used to test the inverse computational GI, and the relationship between imaging quality and error ratio factor is discussed as well. Compared with computational GI, our inverse one not only has disguised bucket signals but also provides an opportunity to combine with other cryptographies, both of which enrich the GI-based encryption process and enhance the security simultaneously.
740-watt level optical tap coupler using side-polished large-mode-area double clad fibers for a high power fiber laser
Authors: Jeong Hwanseong , Lee Junsu , Lee Kwang Hyun , Kim Dong Joon , Koo Joonhoi , Lee Jung Hwan , Jo Minsik
Published: May 2021

We fabricated a fiber-optic directional coupler based on evanescent field coupling between side-polished large mode area (LMA) double clad fibers (DCFs) for a high power fiber laser. The tapping ratio of the fabricated coupler was measured to be - 32 dB. The fundamental mode coupled in a core of the lower side-polished fiber (SPF) was transferred to the upper SPF without clad-mode coupling. Two SPFs were directly faced to increase an optical handling power up to 740 W. The tapping ratio of the coupler was constantly maintained at the applied laser output. The beam quality of the laser including the fabricated coupler was maintained to be 1.22, without mode distortion by the coupler.
Performance of Swarnadhara breeder hens supplemented with reduced levels of different copper forms
Authors: Aminullah Noor , Prabhu T. M. , Naik Jaya , Suresh B. N. , Indresh H. C.
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim: Copper (Cu) is a vital mineral involved in various physiological and biochemical processes, growth, and productivity of animals and birds. Birds can absorb only a small fraction of Cu and most is excreted, contaminating soil and aquatic environment which is toxic for microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans. This study evaluated the possibility of use of organic and nanoparticles sources of Cu to reduce supplementation level without compromising the performance of breeder hens.

Materials and Methods: A total of 224 Swarnadhara breeder hens were divided into seven treatment groups having four replicates in each. The basal diet (control) containing 20 ppm inorganic Cu (100% of standard recommendation) and six test diets containing 20, 15, and 10 ppm (100, 75, and 50% of standard recommendation) from Cu organic source, and 15, 10, and 5 ppm (75, 50, and 25%) from Cu nanoparticles (Cu-NP), were prepared and offered to respective treatment groups for a duration of 20 weeks.

Results: The hen day egg production, hen housed egg production, feed conversion ratio egg mass, albumen index, yolk index, total fat content, and color score were not affected by the source and inclusion level of Cu. The feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower at 15 ppm and egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 10 ppm Cu-NP supplemental level, but was non-significant in other treatment groups compared to control. The body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 20 ppm organic and 15 ppm Cu-NP inclusion. The egg shape index and Haugh unit were significantly (p<0.05) lower at 10 and 15 ppm of Cu-NP inclusion level, respectively. The shell thickness was improved (p<0.05) at 20 and 15 ppm organic and 15 and 10 ppm Cu-NP inclusion level. The egg fertility rate was shown to be significantly (p<0.05) higher at 20 ppm organic Cu inclusion group, but the hatchability based on total number of eggs set improved (p<0.05) at 20 and 15 ppm organic Cu inclusion level while all treatment groups were comparable to control. The hatchability of fertilized egg and chick's quality significantly (p<0.05) improved, while embryonic and chick mortality after hatching before-sorting was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 15 ppm of Cu-NP inclusion group.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the inorganic Cu can be replaced with 50% of organic or 25% of nanoparticles form of Cu without jeopardizing the breeder hens' productivity, egg quality characteristics, hatchability, and progeny.
Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos e Transtorno de Compulsão Alimentar e Obesidade: Uma Revisão Integrativa / Initial Maladaptive Schemas and Binge Eating Disorder and Obesity: An Integrative Review
Authors: Sales Synara Sepúlveda , Palma Priscila De Camargo
Published: May 2021

Os transtornos alimentares causam problemas de saúde física e psicológico, prejudicando a qualidade de vida e em alguns casos, podendo levar a morte. Embora a maioria dos modelos de transtornos alimentares não considera as experiências iniciais como causas, as relações entre os eventos iniciais devem ser observadas. A terapia do Esquema é uma terapia cognitivo-comportamental, que vincula características psicológicas e problemas atuais às experiências da infância. Este estudo é uma revisão integrativa da literatura, apoiado por bases de dados internacionais. As buscas foram realizadas na Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, CAPES e BVS. Há evidência de que os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos (EID’S) podem estar relacionados à compulsão alimentar e obesidade, sendo os domínios de Desconexão e Rejeição, Autonomia e Desempenho prejudicados e Limites prejudicados, mais evidentes. Portanto a identificação dos EIDs, bem como a terapia do esquema, seria uma alterativa de tratamento. Ainda há poucos estudos sobre o tema.
As Implicações Psicológicas Desencadeadas pelo Excesso de Informações em Tempos de Pandemia Covid-19 / The Psychological Implications Triggered by the Excess of Information in Times of Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Tadeu Ferreira , Lima Juliano Dos Santos , Guerreiro Marcos Lázaro da Silva
Published: May 2021

Resumo: A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) que teve início no ano de 2019, em Wuhan província de Hubei na China, tem gerando impactos físicos e psicológicos em todo o mundo.  Cientistas em diversas em áreas em todos os países veem buscando estratégias de enfretamento priorizando a vida humana. O isolamento social requerido como forma de contenção da infecção viral fomentou o uso da internet e de ferramentas digitais em excesso. As novas tecnologias na área da comunicação, as plataformas digitais em destaque as redes sociais e seu poder de alcance, têm levado o acesso, uso, e exposição e o tempo de permanência a níveis preocupantes para a saúde física e mental. Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos psicológicos causados pela COVID-19, sobretudo, os impactos causados pela exposição prolongada e exacerbada de informações. Este artigo tem uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Compôs está revisão um total de 62 artigos, selecionados após uma leitura seletiva de natureza quanti/qualitativa tendo como critérios de inclusão artigos que versavam sobre estresse, excesso de informações, redes sociais e efeitos psicológicos, pandemia utilizando-se na busca os descritores ligados ao tema, sendo excluídos os artigos que não estavam no escopo da investigação. Foram também utilizadas como fontes dados disponíveis nos sites do ministério da saúde e de artigos compreendidos entre os anos de 2012 a 2020, nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, Scielo, Ministério da Saúde e Institutos de pesquisas sobre COVID 19. Evidenciou-se que a pandemia de COVID-19, provoca efeitos negativos gerando estresse que impacta negativamente sobre o estado psicológico humano, afetando a saúde mental e física dos indivíduos.
Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2: Current Trends in Invitro Diagnostics
Authors: Thomas Riji , Sukumaran Ajaikumar , Thomas Thushara , Vijayan Deepa K , Paul Jofy K , Vasudevan D M
Published: May 2021

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 is an imminent reliable precise biomarker for vascular inflammation involved in the development of unstable plaques in cardiovascular diseases. The atherosclerotic plaque formation, inflammation and rupture of arterial vessels lead to heart attacks and strokes in most of the cases. The vessel-specific inflammatory enzyme, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 shoot ups in response to the rupture of arterial vessels having atherosclerotic plaques. The accurate measurement of Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 envisages the individual risk of a patient and the treatment can be customized based on the result.
Influencia de la desnutrición en la calidad de vida del paciente oncológico antes del inicio del tratamiento quimio/radioterápico
Authors: Ortega Ibañez Cristina , Pelari Lira , Cadeddu Giovanna , Barrionuevo Patricia , González Ainhoa , Aguado Ángela , Martín Margarita , Sancho Sonsoles
Published: May 2021

Introducción: La medición de la calidad de vida (CV) en el paciente oncológico permite establecer una percepción del individuo sobre su estado de salud - enfermedad y el tratamiento instaurado. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la influencia de la situación nutricional en la CV de los pacientes.Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en el Hospital Ramón y Cajal en 53 pacientes oncológicos durante un periodo de 6 meses.A estos pacientes se les realizó la valoración global subjetiva (VGS), un recuerdo 24h de la ingesta del día anterior y se les administró el cuestionario European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). De estos 53 pacientes, 9 fueron excluidos debido a una incompleta cumplimentación del cuestionario EORTC QLQ C-30. De los 44 pacientes restantes, el 52,3% pertenecía al grupo de normonutridos sin riesgo (VGS A); el 27,3 % al grupo de pacientes en riesgo de desnutrición o desnutrición moderada (VGS B) y el 20,5% restantes al grupo de pacientes con grave desnutrición (VGS C)Resultados: Las escalas funcionales (funcionamiento físico, social, emocional y cognitivo) fueron las menos afectadas por la situación nutricional de los pacientes, con valor de p>0,05, mientras que la escala funcional o de rol (p 0,002), junto con la escala global de salud (p 0,049), así como los síntomas defatiga (p 0,011), náuseas y vómitos (p 0,004)y el ítem simple de pérdida de apetito (p 0,001) son las que mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la situación nutricional.Conclusiones: La desnutrición afecta negativamente a la CV de los pacientes oncológicos especialmente en las escalas de funcional, escala global de salud y de síntomas. Son necesarios más estudios para evaluar si la intervención nutricional precoz puede revertir esta influencia negativa de la desnutrición.
El “momento transicional” de la educación chilena: La Comisión Nacional para la Modernización de la Educación (1994-1995)
Authors: Neut Aguayo Sebastián
Published: May 2021

El texto estudia el proceso institucional de generación de políticas educacionales más importante de la transición a la democracia en Chile a fines del siglo XX: la Comisión Nacional para la Modernización de la Educación. Esta iniciativa gubernamental tuvo como objetivo generar una plataforma política e ideológica compartida por la “comunidad nacional” que allanase la reforma educacional. La Comisión fue hegemonizada por el gobierno y la oposición de derecha, en un contexto en el que tenían alto control sobre una debilitada sociedad civil, y existían tenues deslindes entre los campos político y experto. Ideológicamente predominaron los idearios del capital humano y del conservadurismo católico. Las políticas recomendadas tuvieron por norte fortalecer el mercado educacional, con un Estado promotor y evaluador de tal.  El texto concibe a la educación como un campo de disputa política e ideológica. Se analizan los modos de articulación política e ideológica a partir de la revisión extensa de fuentes primarias escritas, especialmente prensa, los informes de la instancia y decretos gubernamentales.
Variación de rasgos del xilema secundario de Bulnesia retama (Zygophyllaceae) a lo largo de un gradiente de aridez en el centro-oeste de Argentina
Authors: Melián Edgardo A. , Gatica Gabriel , Pucheta Eduardo
Published: May 2021

The study of secondary xylem of Bulnesia retama along an aridity gradient allowed finding variations among different xylem cell types that can be used to predict tolerance of this species to aridity. The aim of this work was to carry out an anatomical description of the secondary xylem through cross sections, to analyse the variation of traits considered to be important for survival in arid environments, such as the percentage of vessels, fibres and parenchyma, fibre wall thickness, and wood density. The samples were obtained from primary branches of plants from four locations along an aridity gradient (Médanos Grandes, Bermejo, Marayes and Chepes, San Juan and La Rioja provinces, Argentina). Cross sections were observed with optical microscope and resulting digital images were analysed with ImageJ software. The results indicate that vessels are small, numerous and diagonally distributed, axial parenchyma is apotracheal diffuse. A significant increase in total fibre area and a decrease in parenchyma area with increases in aridity were observed. Total vessel area did not show any changes, while fibre wall thickness increased slightly with aridity. These traits suggest that B. retama has a highly drought-tolerant wood showing phenotypic plasticity along the aridity gradient, also registering a high-density xeromorphic wood.
A study of meta-analyses reporting quality in the large and expanding literature of educational technology
Authors: Tamim Rana M. , Borokhovski Evgueni , Bernard Robert M. , Schmid Richard F. , Abrami Philip C. , Pickup David I.
Published: May 2021

As the empirical literature in educational technology continues to grow, meta-analyses are increasingly being used to synthesise research to inform practice. However, not all meta-analyses are equal. To examine their evolution over the past 30 years, this study systematically analysed the quality of 52 meta-analyses (1988–2017) on educational technology. Methodological and reporting quality is defined here as the completeness of the descriptive and methodological reporting features of meta-analyses. The study employed the Meta-Analysis Methodological Reporting Quality Guide (MMRQG), an instrument designed to assess 22 areas of reporting quality in meta-analyses. Overall, MMRQG scores were negatively related to average effect size (i.e., the higher the quality, the lower the effect size). Owing to the presence of poor-quality syntheses, the contribution of educational technologies to learning has been overestimated, potentially misleading researchers and practitioners. Nine MMRQG items discriminated between higher and lower average effect sizes. A publication date analysis revealed that older reviews (1988–2009) scored significantly lower on the MMRQG than more recent reviews (2010–2017). Although the increase in quality bodes well for the educational technology literature, many recent meta-analyses still show only moderate levels of quality. Identifying and using only best evidence-based research is thus imperative to avoid bias.

 

Implications for practice or policy:

Educational technology practitioners should make use of meta-analytical findings that systematically synthesise primary research.

Academics, policymakers and practitioners should consider the methodological quality of meta-analyses as they vary in reliability.

Academics, policymakers and practitioners could avoid misleading bias in research evidence by using the MMRQG to evaluate the quality of meta-analyses.

Meta-analyses with lower MMRQG scores should be considered with caution as they seem to overestimate the effect of educational technology on learning.
Siegel domains over Finsler symmetric cones
Authors: Chu Cho-Ho
Published: May 2021

Let Ω be a proper open cone in a real Banach spaceV. We show that the tube domainV⊕i⁢Ω{V\oplus i\Omega}over Ω is biholomorphic to a bounded symmetric domain if and only if Ω is a normal linearly homogeneous Finsler symmetric cone, which is equivalent to the condition thatVis a unital JB-algebra in an equivalent norm and Ω is the interior of{v2:v∈V}{\{v^{2}:v\in V\}}.
Analysis for transmission of dengue disease with different class of human population
Authors: Dwivedi Ananya , Keval Ram
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Vector-borne diseases speedily infest the human population. The control techniques must be applied to such ailment and work swiftly. We proposed a compartmental model of dengue disease by incorporating the standard incidence relation between susceptible vectors and infected humans to see the effect of manageable parameters of the model on the basic reproduction number.

Methods: We compute the basic reproduction number by using the next -generation matrix method to study the local and global stability of disease free and endemic equilibrium points along with sensitivity analysis of the model.

Results: Numerical results are explored the global behaviourism of disease-free/endemic state for a choice of arbitrary initial conditions. Also, the biting rate of vector population has more influence on the basic reproduction number as compared the other parameters.

Conclusion: In this paper, shows that controlling the route of transmission of this disease is very important if we plan to restrict the transmission potential.
Algebraic approach to univariate polynomial derivation
Authors: Tanackov Ilija , Pavkov Ivan , Dupljanin Đorđije , Zivlak Nikola
Published: May 2021

Starting from n roots of a univariate polynomial of n-th degree, combining the first, the
second, and up to the n-th class, new polynomials are generated. Each class of polynomials obtained in such a way is fully determined by its roots. The arithmetic means of corresponding coefficients are proportional
to the values of the coefficients obtained by the derivation of the initial univariate polynomial. This gives
the basis for the algebraic approach to the polynomial derivation.
Adaptive level set method applied to drag minimization problems constrained by Stokes equations
Authors: Duan Xianbao , Li Yichen , Tan Hongxia , Li Yangyang
Published: May 2021

We present a level set based adaptive mesh method for solving the drag minimization problem of incompressible flow governed by Stokes equations. Shape sensitivity analysis of the cost functional is derived. During the optimization process, two levels of meshes are adopted. A uniform coarse mesh for evolving the level set function is defined over the whole computational domain. The level set function also serves as the refinement indicator with an easy strategy. The coarse mesh that contains the interfaces then further divided into a uniform fine mesh and the computation is mainly near the interfaces. Therefore, the computational cost is significantly reduced compared with the uniform mesh over the whole domain that achieves the same resolution. Above all, the value of the shape derivative on the boundary can be obtained implicitly, which is a very difficult task in classical optimal shape design problems. The overall optimization procedure is presented and verified with benchmark examples.
Prediction of improvement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Wypych Mikołaj , Lundqvist Robert , Witoński Dariusz , Kęska Rafał , Szmigielska Anna , Paradowski Przemysław T.
Published: May 2021

Objective

The retrospective investigation was carried out to assess whether subjects who fulfilled our proposed recruitment criteria responded more favorably to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) than those who did not.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 109 skeletally mature subjects (78 men and 31 women) according to the following proposed criteria of recruitment: (1) pre-injury Tegner activity score ≥7 and a wish to return to a professional sports activity, (2) residual knee instability following injury and/or (3) age <20 years at the operation. The primary outcome was an improvement between assessment A (before operation) and B (mean follow-up of 1.6 years) in the average score for four of the five Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales, covering pain, symptoms, difficulty in sports and recreational activities, and quality of life (KOOS4).

Results

The proposed recruitment criteria for ACLR were met by 58 subjects (53%). There were 49 subjects (45%) who improved between assessment A and B. Subjects who met proposed recruitment criteria were more likely to improve clinically after ACLR (OR 5.7, 95% CI 2.5–13.3).

Conclusions

Fulfillment of proposed recruitment criteria was a strong predictive factor for outcome improvement in short- to medium-term follow-up after ACLR.

Level of evidence

Case-control study. Level of evidence 3.
„Folyékony örökség”. A marrákesi VI. Mohamed Víz Múzeumban
Authors: Fülöp Zoltán Ottó
Published: May 2021

For the challenges of postcolonial existence in Morocco, being addressed as social organizing factor in the culture, answers are being searched at local, national and global levels. The Museum Mohammed VI for the Water Civilization in Marrakech plays a key role in the conservation and presentation of water supply as natural resource based on material culture. This museum presents the historical and cultural role of water, the diversity of social and spiritual contents associated with it, distinctly the traditional paradigms of representation. The cultural center tries to get involved in the international museum circulation, open to new possibilities of architectural solutions, visual tools and arranging of exhibitions. According to the curator’s choice, the main task is to preserve the memories of the past and by reinterpreting those with exhibiting activities reflecting the heritage. The staging of water conservation is realised by using interactive techniques and provides a reflexive experience for visitors. Who is receptive to historical, cultural anthropological approaches may feel addressed, in the meantime the visitor who is interested in technical sciences, geography, geopolitics and applied chemistry finds his account in the exhibition. The innovative museum is an integral part of Al Hamra’s tourism and cultural industry, even as the Tiskiwin Museum, which reflects the museum anthropological perspective, located in the medina. The two memory institutions also illustrate the diversity of the city’s cultural image.
Optimized photoacoustic gas-microphone cell for semiconductor materials thermal conductivity monitoring
Authors: Lishchuk P.O.
Published: May 2021

An approach for examination of semiconductor materials thermal conductivity based on the photoacoustical (PA) experimental results has been considered. Attention is drawn to the importance of PA cell design and normalization procedure that must be carried out in order to remove the parasitic signal caused by the PA cell effects as well as a contribution from the electronic components. The proposed technique makes it possible to quickly and reliably diagnose the thermal conductivity of various semiconductors materials for a better understanding of the heat transfer there for various technological applications. To test the methodology, thermal conductivity of monocrystalline silicon with different doping level was considered. The obtained dependence of thermal conductivity on the doping level is in a good agreement with well-known literature data. Thus, the results obtained in this work are important from a practical point of view.
La motricidad en el triatlón, otra mirada desde la física hacia la biomecánica
Authors: Torres Aguila Ana Margarita
Published: May 2021

Este artículo es una investigación científica que aborda aspectos de la motricidad, sustentada por los fundamentos de la biomecánica con un razonamiento físico como ciencias que estudian el movimiento del hombre en la actividad deportiva. La comprensión de estos conocimientos incrementa el interés por la física en los estudiantes-atletas de las escuelas deportivas. Para abordar este tema, se propone un sistema de talleres apoyado con las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las telecomunicaciones (TIC).
Professor Slavin and the Development of Evidence-Based Education in China
Authors: Yao Jijun
Published: May 2021

In the new century, the quantity and quality of empirical education research in China have been greatly improved, and more people are paying attention to and engaging in evidence-based research and practice in education. In this context, Professor Robert Slavin, a well- known expert in evidence-based education at Johns Hopkins University in the United States, contributed greatly to the guidance and assistance to the development of evidence-based education in China. He clarified some vague understandings of Chinese scholars on the research and reform of evidence-based education, trained and instructed Chinese scholars and students, and built a platform for exchanges between Chinese and foreign scholars, which has played an inestimable role in promoting the development of evidence-based education in China.
COVID-19 y Digitalización “Improvisada” en Educación Secundaria: Tensiones Emocionales e Identidad Profesional Cuestionada
Authors: Molina-Pérez Javier , Pulido-Montes Cristina
Published: May 2021

La investigación trata de comprender cómo está experimentando el profesorado la transformación desde la docencia presencial a la docencia online como consecuencia del COVID-19 y sus implicaciones profesionales y educativas. Se presenta una exploración inicial de un estudio más amplio que utiliza un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Mediante dieciocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato de Andalucía se (re)construye la experiencia del profesorado durante la educación remota. Se evidencia la precariedad de las infraestructuras digitales disponibles, la falta de recursos y las limitaciones digitales existentes. Se alerta de las consecuencias educativas en términos de desigualdad para el alumnado y la oportunidad de mercado para el edubisness. Por otro lado, se revela una vivencia angustiada del profesorado ante el abandono percibido por parte de la administración educativa. Se denuncian dificultades ante la urgencia de la respuesta educativa “improvisada” donde el profesorado no cuenta con los recursos, la formación y los medios para poder desarrollarla. Esto ha redundado en tensiones emocionales, malestar docente y procesos de “auto-responsabilización” en el seguimiento educativo del alumnado que han originado desequilibrios en las dimensiones que determinan la identidad profesional del profesorado.
LESIONES ANATOMOPATOLÓGICAS EN CUYES (Cavia porcellus) CON DIAGNÓSTICO BACTERIOLÓGICO DE Salmonella sp.
Authors: Layme M. Américo , Perales C. Rosa , Chavera C. Alfonso , Gavidia C. César , Calle E. Sonia
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia del tipo de lesiones anatomopatológicas que predominan en órganos de cobayos infectados con Salmonella sp. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo con 81 protocolos de necropsia del Laboratorio de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, que tuvieron diagnóstico bacteriológico positivo a Salmonella sp en el periodo 2001-2007. Se clasificó las lesiones anatomopatológicas en procesos inflamatorios, trastornos circulatorios, degenerativos y de adaptación, siendo la inflamación el trastorno patológico más frecuente (177/408). Se encontró una mediana de cinco órganos afectados por animal, siendo el hígado el órgano con más lesiones patológicas (87.7% ± 0.1%), donde la imagen patomorfológica predominante fue la hepatitis necrótica (36/81).
ПАНЦИРНІ КЛІЩІ (ORIBATIDA) ЗАПЛАВНИХ ЛУК ЗАКАРПАТСЬКОЇ НИЗОВИНИ
Authors: Hushtan H. H. , Hushtan K. V.
Published: May 2021

Стаття стосується аналізу таксономічного різноманіття, структури домінування, спектрів морфо-екологічних типів, біотопних комплексів і груп орібатид заплавних лук Закарпатської низовини. До наших робіт угруповання панцирних кліщів дослідженої території не відбувалися. Орібатиди заплавних лук представлені 29 видами з 22 родів та 18 родин. Родини Scheloribatidae та Oppiidae є найбільш представленими. Scheloribates laevigatus у досліджених біотопах є еудомінантом. Панцирні кліщі заплавних лук дослідженої території представлені 10 морфо-екологічними типами. У екологічній структурі за гігропреферендумом виділено 5 біотопних комплексів (еврибіонти, гігрофіли, гігро-мезофіли, мезофіли, ксерофіли). Виявлено п’ять біотоп них груп орібатид (евритопна, лісова, лісо-лучна, лучна, наскельна).