bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Material Flow Analysis on Cement Industry
Authors: Fang Ming , Cao Ming Li , Li Yan , Li Yong
Published: June 2012

Since the relationship between supply and demand of natural resources is on edge in the long run, the traditional extensive growth mode of economic development needs changing. Cement is widely used in construction. Producing cement needs large amount of natural resources and releases high waste emissions. By using Material Flow Analysis, the inputs and outputs of each part of manufacturing are analyzed scientifically and the inputs, outputs and efficiency indicators are accounted. The main hidden flows come from energy consumption, and the main harmful waste is CO2 which comes from fuel combustion and CaCO3 decomposition. Improving resource consumption efficiency and reducing CO2 emission are the key ways to alleviate pressures on the environment.
The Numerical Simulation of Using the Solar Chimney Strengthen Natural Ventilation
Authors: Qi Han Bing , Wang Qiu Shi , Li Dong , Bai Hao Ran
Published: June 2012

Our country building energy consumption is amazing, building ventilation energy consumption is about more than 20% of the whole energy consumption , its energy saving potential is very great, How to reduce ventilation energy consumption and still keep good indoor air quality, makes the indoor natural ventilation ways becoming the focus of attention. This paper studies the solar chimney，one of ways of solar strengthening natural ventilation，strengthening natural ventilation；At the same time use FLUENT software simulate solar chimney model，Analysis the calculated results, get a reasonable solar chimney thickness and the air flow to meet the indoor ventilated requirements, so as to provide theoretical basis for the practical application.
Biochar Utilization in Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone: Chances and Difficulties
Authors: Kung Chih Chun
Published: June 2012

The Poyang Lake Eco-Economics Zone includes 38 counties where 25 relatively poor counties are close to the lake. The country has been helping those rural areas and enhancing farmers’ living standard for many years, however, due to the historical, geographical, climatic reasons, farmers’ living standards do not have significant improvement so far. In addition to government subsidy, another way to enhance farmers’ income is to encourage of bioenergy production in a form of biochar/pyrolysis. Biochar/pyrolysis is a feasible method to produce clean and renewable energy along with substantial environmental and economic benefits such as increase in farmer’s revenue. However, there are also difficulties in its application due to transportation, feedstock collection, and storage. However, there need further investigation to quantify the gains and losses of pyrolysis/biochar technology.
Design of Solar Thermal Collector Performance Evaluation System
Authors: Wang Ya Hui , Wang Zhi Min , Tian Rui , Song Li
Published: June 2012

The solar thermal collector performance evaluation system is designed for the actual needs of tests for industrial production and scientific research, which is adequate for stable efficiency, time constant, incident angle modifier and pressure drop measurement on either end of the thermal collector.
Discussion on the Problems of Biomass Briquettes of China
Authors: Zhao Xing Tao , Wang Xu Tao , Zhang Bai Liang
Published: June 2012

The paper is about the summing-up of production and research of biomass briquettes (hereinafter referred to as BDMF) that mainly rely on crop stalks. Core technology and policy Issues from productive practice are mainly introduced. The paper exposes the characteristics of BDMF of China and foreign countries’, and the differences between them; at last, suggestions on development of Chinese BDMF in the future.
Effect of Reaction Parameters on the Production of Ethyl Levulinate from Glucose in Ethanol
Authors: Chang Chun , Jiang Xiao Xian , Zhang Ting , Li Bo
Published: June 2012

In order to explore the forming rules of ethyl levulinate from glucose in ethanol, several reaction parameters including the initial glucose concentration (10~30 g/L), sulfuric acid concentration (0.1~2 wt%), temperature (170~200 °C) and water addition were investigate, respectively. In addition, effect of the acid concentration on ethanol conversion was also studied. The results show that lower initial glucose concentration is helpful to improve the ethyl levulinate yield, and higher acid concentration can improve the conversion of glucose to ethyl levulinate, which also can improve the condensation of the ethanol. However, higher temperature is unfavorable for the increase of ethyl levulinate yield, and the ethyl levulinate decreased significantly with the increase of water addition.
Enhancement of Hydrocarbon Productivity of Botryococcus braunii by an Adenine Type Phytohormone
Authors: Liu Jun Zhi , Ge Ya Ming , Tian Guang Ming
Published: June 2012

This study examined the effects of an adenine-type cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the growth and metabolism characteristics of Botryococcus braunii, one of the most promising oil-rich algae for biofuel production. The results showed that 6-BA of low dose (0.1-1.0 mg L-1) would enhance the algal growth rate and biochemical synthesis, whereas too much (5.0 mg L-1) would be lethally toxic for B. braunii. Noticingly, though the maximum algal growth rate, chlorophyll and β-carotenoid content were observed in the treatment with 0.5 and/or 1.0 mg L-1 6-BA, both the maximum algal hydrocarbon content and the highest hydrocarbon productivity were observed in the treatment with 0.1 mg L-1 6-BA, which were respectively 2.45 and 3.48 times of the control (39.1% vs. 16.0%, 546 mg L-1 vs. 157 mg L-1). This finding has great implications for improving algae biofuels production by phytohormone.
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Cellulose from Lignocellulise for 2nd Bioethanol Production: A Review
Authors: Wang Yu Xiao , Bian Xiao Chen , Zhou Lin Lin
Published: June 2012

Lignocellulosic materials, a abundant and renewable resources in the world, can be utilized for 2nd bioethanol production. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) has been regarded as a promising process for bioethanol production. This article reviews the status of SSF process for bioethanol production and its challenges for reducing production cost and increasing process efficiency, and the key issues mainly including high loading of cellulose substrate, high temperature of SSF reaction and its corresponding thermo-tolerant microorganism as well as alleviation or elimination of inhibitors have been analyzed. At last future prospects for commercialization of the 2nd bioethanol production by lignocellulosic materials with low capital investment are stated.
Calculation and Analysis of Annual Total Solar Radiation in Complicated Topography
Authors: Zhang Xue Ru , Guan Dong Jie , Mou Feng Yun , Dong Kun
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Solar radiation is the most important energy source in the Earth. And its spatial distribution has critical effects on the life and environmental process on the Earth. The characteristics of spatial distribution of total solar radiation in the complicated topography in the mountain area of east Tibetan Plateau was simulated in the present study. The three kinds of radiation, i.e. direct solar radiation, diffusive solar radiation and total solar radiation were calculated based on the existing astronomical parameters and experiential formula. The calculation of topographical shading was modified by using the 30m-resolution DEM data. The results revealed in general that the total solar radiation tended to decrease northwest-southeastwardly. At regional scale, the latitudinal zonality of the spatial distribution of annual total solar radiation differed insignificantly. Local topography affected profoundly the spatial distribution of annual total solar radiation. The annual total solar radiation in complicated topography was relatively less, whereas there was significant inner difference.
Application of Soybean Meal on Butanol Production from Corncob Hydrolysate by Clostridium acetobutylicum CH012
Authors: Pan Wei , Peng Wan Feng , Xiong Lian , Chen Xin De
Published: June 2012

Soybean meal, the residue of soybean extract oil, mainly consists of protein. It was used as the only additive of corncob hydrolysate to produce acetone, butanol and ethanol with C. acetobutylium CH012. Because of inhibitors existing in corncob acid hydrolysate, butanol concentration was obtained only 6.61gL-1 by fermentation. Acetone concentration was 5.1gL-1 which was higher than a normal ratio of starch and molasses ABE fermentation. ABE fermentation of corncob enzymatic hydrolysate resulted in a productivity of 0.28gL-1h-1 and a solvent yield of 0.30. It was suggested that soybean meal could be a potential economical protein provider for ABE fermentation. Furthermore, for all experiments, cultivate including strain inoculum developed and batch fermentation was done in calorstat which would be beneficial to apply in the hydrolyate ABE fermentation industry.
Biodegradable Lubricant from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels Oil
Authors: Wang Quan Yi , Wang Yan , Yao Shun , Song Hang
Published: June 2012

The chemical modified Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels (IPMVVD) oil as a biodegradable lubricant was described in the paper. IPMVVD oil was modified by epoxidation and reaction of ring opening to resolve poor oxidative stability and low-temperature fluidity when vegetable oils as lubricants directly. The effects of the parameters in the process were studied, and then the product was evaluated. The results showed that the modified IPMVVD oil had higher viscosity index and superior oxidative stability comparing with unmodified oil; its mixtures with Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) offered a wide range of kinematic viscosities and lower pour point (-22°C), displayed preferable low temperature performance.
Study on Biomass Energy Utilization
Authors: Qi Li Mei , Zhou Bao Ping
Published: June 2012

In the rapid economic development today, the sources of energy and environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. At present, out country adopted a series of measures to improve the resources supply capacity, include to vigorously develop renewable energy. With the development and utilization of biomass energy has been paid close attention. This paper establishes three comprehensive evaluation models on biomass energy utilization’s potential applications in the region, using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, hierarchical weight analysis and factor analysis by means of MATLAB, SAS software. According these models we analyze biomass energy utilization’s development prospect and geographical distribution and expound several suggestions on adjustment of biomass energy utilization status in China.
Bionic Design Review of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Cen Hai Tang , Liu Jian Lan
Published: June 2012

With the power increase of the wind turbine, the scale of the blade is increasing, further improving the performance of the blade, improving the stiffness and stability of the blade, inhibiting the vibration and noise of the blade and reducing the blade weight has become an problem urgently needed to be solved with for the design of the large wind turbine blade. The unique external shape of organisms, the perfect unity of the function, structure and material, the excellent capability for adapting the environment, also provides an inexhaustible inspiration for the bionic design of wind turbine. Applying the biological non-smooth and self-cleaning effect and imitating the biological medial axis pattern structure, self-adaptive characteristics conduct the bionic design of the wind turbine blade, it can effectively realize drag-reduction and lift enhancement for the blades, noise reduction, lightweight, and can improve the self-adaptive ability, resisting wind and sand, preventing icing up. Paying attention to research on biological mechanism, perfecting the bionic design theory, implementing the multidisciplinary design optimization, strengthening the research on model, have an important significance on improving the bionic design effect for the wind turbine blade and promoting the bionic engineering application.
On Resistance of Coolant in Air-Cooling Condenser of Self-Circulating Close-Loop Evaporative Cooling System of Wind Power Generator
Authors: Li Jing Ming , Song Fu Chuan , Gu Guo Biao , Tian Xin Dong
Published: June 2012

As a clean and renewable energy, the wind power has attracted the attention of all nations in the world. Evaporative cooling technology has successfully been used in the research and development of wind power generator, but some key technique has to be studied in advance to insure the reliability of the very technology. The application of evaporative cooling technology in the cooling of large wind power generator is a new attempt in the discovery of wind power energy. Thorough study is carried out on the key technique of the application of close-loop self-circulation (CLSC) evaporative cooling technology on the running of wind power generator. The flow resistance of the coolant in the air cooling condenser is discussed in this paper, and a new approach is founded for the improvement of the reliability.
On the Policy Suggestion for Promoting the Development of Wind Energy Resources in China
Authors: Ding Hua Jun
Published: June 2012

With the global warming and other environmental problem, the development of renewable energy has great significance. Wind energy, the world’s fastest growing energy source, is a clean, safe and renewable source of energy. Development of wind energy resources has a positive effect to alleviate the shortage of resources and controls environmental pollution. At present, China's wind energy resources industry develops rapid, but still has some problems. This paper discusses the development of the wind energy from the view of the wind energy policy. The Government should formulate relevant economic policies and law regulations, and encourage investment on wind energy industry.
Common Problems and Countermeasures on Reactor Internals Manufacturing of PWR
Authors: Chen Liang , Tang Mao
Published: June 2012

This paper has a brief description of technical difficulties and common quality problems during reactor internals manufacturing of PWR. Combining with the specific example, this paper has analyzed the cause of problem, and the corrective action which can be adopted. This paper can provide reference for the following project.
Market Competitiveness Analysis of Nuclear Power Enterprise Based on SWOT and Diamond Theory
Authors: Niu Dong Xiao , Ma Zhen , Wu Huan Miao , Xu Chao Chen , Liu Jin Peng
Published: June 2012

Since Japan's nuclear leakage accident, the basic policy of nuclear power is changed into promoting nuclear power steadily instead of developing nuclear power actively in primary, and speed is delayed. Therefore, it has great significance for development of China’s nuclear power to conduct a study on how to promote the competitiveness of nuclear power enterprise. The diamond theory and the analysis method of SWOT are applied to state the influence factors about competitiveness of nuclear power enterprise and make a comprehensive evaluation. According to these characteristics, some suggestions and measures are proposed to improve their competitiveness. It can lay a theoretical foundation for the steady development of nuclear power in China, which has some reference value.
Study on Thermal Characteristics of Water-Rod in SCWR
Authors: Zhou Tao , Sun Can Hui , Cheng Wan Xu
Published: June 2012

Water-rod is introduced into Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor (SCWR) to guarantee the homogeneous distribution of core axial power, and there could be many types of flow in water-rod. Based on three types of water-rod and flow, which named S type, D1 type, and D2 type, choosing different values of structural parameters and material thermal conductivity, the distributions of moderator density and average density in each case are obtained through making program to associated-calculate the fuel rod, coolant and moderator. The results indicate that considering only moderator density, the D2 type double water-rod which has smaller thermal conductivity and bigger outer length of inner water-rod is the best choice; considering average density, both the S type single water-rod and the D2 type double water-rod which have smaller thermal conductivity and smaller outer length of inner water-rod is the best choice; the thermal performance of D1 type double water-rod is inferior because of its inherent defect, so it is not suitable for use.
Storage Capacity of Geothermal Resources in Gaoling Group over the Eastern Half of Xi’an Depression
Authors: Li Yun Feng , Li Bo , Wu Yao Guo , Wang Jiang Xia , Xu Zhong Hua , Song Guo Hui
Published: June 2012

Weighted element method is proposed in this paper to improve the accuracy of calculating storage capacity of geothermal reservoirs. By making full use of all geothermal wells in the calculation region，this method had been proposed by the author in 2011,which is defined by every three neighboring geothermal wells. The calculation region is divided into many calculation elements. As a result, the entire calculation region of the distribution parameters is discretized into independent in each element with lumped parameters. The arithmetic mean of three-node parameters in each element is used as the lumped parameter, and the block with the same set of parameters is divided into calculation regions as small as possible. The effect of one element as well as its parameters in the entire.Calculation region depends on the weight of the area of this element in the whole calculation area. The weighted element method can be used to calculate the volumetric water storage capacity of geothermal fluids, elastic release storage capacity, geothermal storage capacity of volume water, geothermal energy storage capacity of elastic releasing water, geothermal storage capacity of geothermal reservoir rocks for each element, respectively. The storage capacities of various elements and the entire calculation regions can be calculated with superposition. The proposed approach was used to calculate the storage capacity of geothermal resources in Gaoling Formation of Xi’an Depression, in which data of 57 existing geothermal wells were available. If the geothermal energy recovery is set at 10% and the exploitation remains stable, the geothermal energy contained in the geothermal reservoir can be extracted for more than 7,000 years. Under the current conditions of exploitation technology, the actual geothermal energy that can be effectively exploited and used is 1915.6025×109kcal, which is equivalent to standard coal of 27.36575×104t.
Experimental Study of a Spray Solar Spray Desalination System Using Parabolic trough Concentrators
Authors: Su Run Xi , Cheng Fang
Published: June 2012

The present work described the atomized aqueous solution such as seawater and dense water suddenly encounter the high-temperature hot air heated by solar energy, Heat and mass transfer process between the two fluids, a saline solution was pressured between 0.4Mpa and 0.6Mpa, then to force the solution through one non-pneumatic nozzle to produce solution mesoscopic droplets，blowing a heated air stream through first evaporation chamber, dispersing the droplets into the heated air stream，permitting water in the droplets to evaporate hereby separating water vapor from aqueous solution in the heated air stream，then the outlet hot saturated air was condensed to fresh water .The water vapor from dense brine in the heated air stream was evaporated, and so the salt crystals therefrom could be obtained in the second evaporation chamber. Compared with the conventional Humidification-dehumidification desalination (HDD) process method, the heat efficiency is high, when heated air stream temperature is between 100°C and 150°C ,fresh water production can be increased by 50% or more. There is no general problem of scale desalination, can handle high concentrations of salt water without any chemical additives.
Development of Wave Power Generation Technology
Authors: Kuang Cui Ping , Liu Peng Chen , Pan Yi , Gu Jie
Published: June 2012

With the increasing demand of energy, as a clean green renewable energy, ocean wave energy is paid much attention by the countries especially those along coasts. So far, wave power generation technology has experienced decades of development. In this paper, the development and the main wave power generation devices are introduced, moreover, the latest applications of wave energy and existing problems on wave power generation technology are presented.
Research on Thermal-Insulating Material and Roadway Cooling with High Geotherm
Authors: Liu Yan Wei , Li Guo Fu , Liu Xiao Yong
Published: June 2012

The research aims to develop inorganic thermal-insulating materials of high performance, decrease high geothermal emissions from hot rock to the roadway, reduce the roadway airflow temperature, and achieve mine cooling and energy saving eventually. Firstly, the best proportion of inorganic thermal-insulating materials of high performance was designed, and a test model for thermal conductivity and mechanical analysis has been built. And through the test of thermal-insulating of the material and mechanical properties, the relation equations between vitreous micro-bead content (the main agent of thermal-insulating material) and thermal conductivity, uniaxial compressive strength, confined compressive strength have been obtained respectively. Secondly, the feature, the fitting and coupling features between the experimental models and engineering conditions in practice were analyzed comparatively, which could provide theoretical basis for the design and application of thermal-insulating materials of high performance. The industrial test shows that with thermal-insulating materials of high performance in application, the roadway airflow temperature was reduced significantly and could meet the requirements of mine pressure. Therefore, the research could offer an effective way for the mine thermal-insulating and cooling under high geothermal conditions.
Multiple Regression Analysis Model on Power Dispatch
Authors: Zhou Hua Ren , Qian Yue Hong , Liu Xi Qiang , Wu Ou
Published: June 2012

The multiple linear regression method is used, the method of calculating the active power flow and the unit output is discussed , a simple approximate expression is designed, and the corresponding error value is given. a simple calculation rules of congestion cost is given, calculation rules for the actual cost minus the theoretical costs and requirements of the actual costs is as low as possible to avoid blocking; Block can not be avoided, then try to avoid the wind up.
Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rising for Cylindrical Power Batteries
Authors: Liang Peng , Li Mao De
Published: June 2012

Whatever types of batteries, when they work out of the normal temperature range, their performances greatly worsen. When the battery charges or discharges in a high rate, it would be quite possible to arouse thermal runaway had the heat generated not dissipated properly. This article commits itself to take the variation of the battery internal resistance into account to revise the overall temperature rising curve based on a simplified battery thermal model. By carrying out necessary experiments and using CFD simulation tool we get a better battery temperature rising curve and contour of internal temperature distribution under different operating conditions. It is applicable to provide reference for the thermal management of power batteries.
Study on the Pipeline Wax Deposition Mechanism and Influencing Factors
Authors: Xiao Rong Ge , Wei Bing Qian , Yao Pei Fen , Yi Dong Rui
Published: June 2012

The phenomenon of wax deposition is an extremely important issue in the petroleum industry. Researching it is of great help for the oil exploration, gathering, and transportation. This paper described the phenomenon of wax deposition, discussed the mechanism, analyzed the influencing factors and proposed the positive significance of the phenomenon of wax deposition on crude oil production and safe operation in oil gathering and transportation pipeline.
The Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Field in Rotor Oil Pump
Authors: Guo Chen Hai , Wen Jie , Dong Fei
Published: June 2012

Numerical simulation of rotor oil pump is completed by using SC/Tetra under variable conditions, which obtains the distribution of pressure and velocity. The pressure in the outlet oil chamber rises with rotation of rotor which makes the space smaller and smaller. In the result of postprocessor the maximum pressure is 4.3Mpa. This paper also studies on the internal velocity field distribution of pump body and pump cover. By the chart of velocity vector, fluid exists obvious reflow phenomenon. This is because of effection of the rotor rotation. The maximum velocity mainly exists in pump cover. Futhermore, flow characteristic curve is compared with the experimental result. The result basically shows the correctness of numerical simulation.
Numerical Simulation of a Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone
Authors: Jiang Ming Hu , Wang Zhen , You Jia Li , Zhao Li Xin
Published: June 2012

Inner flow field, pressure field and gas phase concentration of the gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC) was studied and simulated with a Fluent soft pack by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Distribution characteristics of pressure drop and velocity field of the GLCC reveal that the inlet position and the outlet diameter of overflow can affect its separation performance. Low pressure drop and high separation efficiency can be obtained by designing the inlet position and the overflow tube diameter.
Numerical Simulation of a Helical Pipe Coalescence Device
Authors: Wang Zhen , Jiang Ming Hu , Hou Ping Tao , Sheng Qing Jiao , Zhao Li Xin
Published: June 2012

A model of coalescing helical pipe is established through the analysis to the oil phase in continuous water phase inside a helical pipe, by using Fluent software. The influence of structural parameters and operation parameters of helical pipes on oil droplet coalescing effect is verified. Results show that the oil drop coalescing effect increases with the rise of gyration radius and number of turns of helical pipe, and decreases with the rise of the helical pipe diameter and inlet velocity.
Research on the Effect of Hydrodynamic Behavior on Pollutant Removal in a Reactor with Compound Flow Pattern
Authors: Liu Lei , Ding Shi Qiang , Xu Ji Run
Published: June 2012

Effect of no-dimension parameter Peclet number describing the hydrodynamic behavior on pollutant removal is studied experimentally in a specially designed reactor with compound flow pattern of plug-flow, baffled-flow and mixed-flow. A set of orthogonal test is arranged to examine the relationship between Pe number and removal efficiency of pollutant and it is shown that there is an optimum Pe number of 1.38 at which best removal rates of COD, NH4+-N and TP are obtained, also the mechanism is analyzed briefly.
Characteristic Variables Extracting of the Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow through V-Cone Flowmeter Based on Adaptive Optimal-Kernel Theory
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Sun Bin , Wang Er Peng
Published: June 2012

In order to study the mechanism of gas-liquid two-phase flow, a method of characteristic variables extracting based on Adaptive Optimal-Kernel (AOK) theory was represented in the paper. First, to collect dynamic differential pressure signal of gas-liquid two-phase flow through a horizontal V-cone flow meter, and then the AOK theory was used to analyze the dynamic differential pressure signal. The movement law of two-phase flow was discussed through the time-frequency spectrum. Finally, four characteristic variables were defined by using the time-frequency spectrum and the ridge of AOK. After the characteristic variables were visual analyzed, the relationship between the different combination of characteristic variables and the flow pattern was obtained. The results show that, characteristic variables defined by this method can get a clear description of the flow information. This method provides a new way for the flow patterns identification.
The Experiment Study on Tank Capacity Measurement with Flowmeter
Authors: Wang Qi Ming , Sun Bin , Zhao Wei Guo
Published: June 2012

To analyze the accuracy in the volume measurement of vertical tank with flowmeter, experiment based on volume measurement device of standard flowmeter method with different flowmeter is made in this paper. The capacity values of different liquid level in tank which are used to fitting and correcting the actual results of continuous measurement are calibrated by standard flowmeter and level gauge. Fitting coefficient can be used to analyze the accuracy of other measurement. Experiment results show that it is feasible to measure the capacity of vertical tank by standard flowmeter with high measure accuracy and small measure error.
Energy Consumption Analysis on Office Building Ventilation
Authors: Sun Ke Chun , Zhang Wei Jun
Published: June 2012

Chongqing weather conditions as the representative, energy simulation software DesT-c Chongqing office building energy simulation analysis, simulated natural building under different ventilation conditions at room temperature, the energy consumption of building cooling load and air-conditioning system changes, with an emphasis on energy-saving effect of the night ventilation; The study showed that in Chongqing reasonable use of ventilation reduce building natural room temperature to a certain extent; Sensitive indicators of building air conditioning energy consumption than the heating energy consumption of ventilation was significantly; Night ventilation when the number of ventilators is less than 5 times / h, the energy saving effect is very significant.
Modeling of Electric Vehicle Air Conditioning System and Analysis of Energy Consumption
Authors: Nan Jin Rui , Wang Yao , Chai Zhi , Huang Jun Kui
Published: June 2012

An simulation model for pure electric vehicle air conditioning system is established in MATLAB/ Simulink environment. The critical component of air conditioning system is selected and simulated. Fuzzy logic control method is used in AC motor controlling strategy. Combined with ADVISOR, the total vehicle energy consumption and AC energy consumption are simulated and calculated. The research indicate that by using Fuzzy logic control led AC system, the vehicle’s economcial effeciency improved. Life mileage is longer than the EV with traditional AC system and a better effect of energy saving is achieved.
Numerical Comparison of Refrigerating Performance between Porous Window on Slope Roof and on Flat Roof
Authors: Zhao Xu Xin , Sun Hong Yuan , Yue Xiao Fang , Fang Lin
Published: June 2012

This paper described the structure and working principle of porous window based on the unsaturated porous media evaporative refrigeration. The method and standardization for calculating and evaluating the performance of porous window have been put forward. The influences of environmental parameters and heat transfer coefficient on the refrigeration performance of porous window placed on slope roof and flat roof are investigated by numerical simulation. The calculation results show that the refrigerating performance of porous window placed on slope roof is better than that of porous window placed on flat roof. At the same time, It is pointed out that porous window placed on slope roof is beneficial for building energy efficiency.
Thermal Analysis of Opposing Jet Combined with a Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow
Authors: Lu Hai Bo , Liu Wei Qiang
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a thermal protection system (TPS) of opposing jet combined with a forward-facing cavity in hypersonic flow was investigated numerically. The flow field parameters and heat flux distribution along the outer body surface are obtained. The thermal protection efficiency of the combined TPS and the single opposing jet TPS was compared. The numerical results shows that this combined TPS has a good effect on cooling the nose of hypersonic vehicle. The recirculation region plays an pivotal role for the reduction of heat flux. The exist of the cavity strengthen the cooling efficiency.
Study on Evaluation Index of Cold Insulation Performance
Authors: Zhao Hai Qian , Wang Zhong Hua , Liu Xiao Yan , Wang Zhi Guo
Published: June 2012

The outer surface temperature of cold insulation structure must be higher than air dew point temperature is stipulated in national standard.But the outer surface temperature of cold insulation structure and air dew point temperature normally wave in a certain range with the change of environmental parameters. In Practical application, it is difficult to determine the relationship between these two temperatures. Functional relationship between the outer temperature, air dew point temperature and environmental temperature or humidity is fitted.The influence of the air temperature and humidity is analyzed. Some suggestions about design and evaluation index of cold insulation are offered based on this research.
Study on Fresh Air in Cooling Load Calculation
Authors: Chen Jian , Zeng Kang
Published: June 2012

The paper analyses whether load index includes fresh air cooling load when calculating cooling load, air wet-bulb temperature and outdoor air enthalpy are hourly, how to determine fresh air volume and angle scale line in the system.
Thermal Comfort Model for Underground Engineering of China
Authors: Geng Shi Bin , Li Yong , Han Xu , Liu Yong Hua
Published: June 2012

Chinese territory is vast, on one hand, the underground engineering distributes extensively, the weather condition is quite different from different regions; on the other hand, the various factors impacting the thermal parameters are different from surface engineering. The way of traditional design temperature was very limited, it was very necessity to explored the rational thermal comfort model. The theory related to thermal comfort was studied, especially focusing on adaptive thermal comfort model. Based on the analysis of factors influencing thermal comfort and research of some engineering, the thermal comfort model for the protective engineering was proposed and its rationality and energy saving effect were explored.
Application Study on the Underground Garage Fire Ventilation By High Expansion Foam
Authors: Yang Zhi Zeng
Published: June 2012

According to the characteristics of high expansion foam，In view of large underground garage fire characteristic, On the use of high expansion foam fire ventilation feasibility of underground garage, And emphatically discusses the high expansion foam fire extinguishing system in the underground garage fire ventilation application.
A Survey of Communication Technology in Distribution Network
Authors: Chen Hui , Yu Nan Hua , Li Chuan Jian , Zheng Wen Jie
Published: June 2012

With the development of the smart grid technology, power distribution network puts forward a higher request for transmission bandwidth and reliability. First, we analyze the characteristics and the business needs of the distribution network. Then we analyze the distribution network communication technologies, both wired and wireless. Based on our analysis, we should combine various communication technologies according to the comprehensive economic and technical indexes in power distribution automation communication system.
A Numerical Simulation Method of the Ground Temperature for Multiple Ground Heat Exchangers
Authors: Sang Jun Yong , Zhang Dan , Wang Fa Hui
Published: June 2012

This paper presented the numerical simulations on Multiple Ground Heat Exchangers. The two coupled solutions were solved iteratively at each time step, and the simulated ground temperature was calibrated using a cylindrical source model by adjusting the grid spacing and adopting a load factor of 1.047 in the difference equation. With constant load applied to a single tube. The ground temperature profiles were not similar at different distances from the tube. The introduction of time schedule revealed a discrepancy between the load applied to the ground heat exchanger and that transferred from the tube to the ground, which was usually assumed to be the same when using analytical models. Hence, in designing a large Ground source heat pump system, the present method should give more precise results in dynamic simulation.
Application of Chaotic Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm to Economic Dispatch Control of Cascade Hydropower Plants
Authors: Gu Wei , Wu Yong Gang , Wu Jin Cheng
Published: June 2012

The economic dispatch control of cascade hydropower plants is a large scale non-linear constrained optimization problem, which plays an important role in cascade reservoirs daily optimal. This paper proposes a chaotic univariate marginal distribution algorithm (CUMDA) to solve the economic dispatch problem of cascade hydropower plants. In the proposed method, a chaotic search is integrated with univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) to effectively avoid premature convergence, chaotic sequences combine with adaptive approach are applied to help algorithm escape from local optimal trap. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated for economic dispatch control of a test cascade hydro system. The simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain higher quality solution.
Discussion on the Steady Stability Reserving Coefficient in the Multigenerators System
Authors: Yan Chang You
Published: June 2012

The detailed description about the OMIS (One Machine-Infinite Bus) and the SLIS(Single Load -Infinite Bus)will be done in this paper and the detailed introduction of these two concepts(the coherent generators and the coherent buses) and their aggregation. Based on the new OMIS model, the new methods of identifying the coherent generators and aggregating the coherent generators will be advanced. Based on the coherent generators, the new algorithm for the reserving coefficient of the steady angular stability will comes into being. Based on the new SLIS model, the new methods of identifying the coherent buses and aggregating the coherent buses will be put forward. Based on the coherent buses, the new algorithm for the reserving coefficient of the steady voltage stability will be brought about. A real example is used to validate the idea in this paper. A discussion on the angular references between the online data and the offline data will be done when the phases from the WAMS are used. The steady stability of two generators model will be acquired.
High Precision Measuring Technology and Algorithm on Acquisition Terminal of Power Load Control and Management System
Authors: Su Jian Yuan , Wang Xiao Ming , Hong Wei , Shen Qing Song , Yang Yi
Published: June 2012

A design thought about power load control and management system is presented. This thought realized the bidirectional data transmission between master stations and acquisition terminals by GSM/GPRS, it saved investment, shorten the development cycle. The system’s structure and main functions were introduced. Discussed high precision and real-time measuring hardware and software design thought about electric parameters in acquisition terminal such as AC voltage, AC current, active power, reactive power and etc. Using equal interval sampling method and interrupt technology in hardware design, reduced synchronization error and improved real-time performance. Using DFT algorithm and several effective data processing methods in software design, enhanced filtering ability, reduced calculation workload and calculation error. This system obtained the national patent, passed the comprehensive test and practical application. This indicates that the design thought about power load control and management system is advanced and related technology is effective.
New Approach to Delay-Dependent Stability Analysis and Stabilization for Fuzzy Systems with Time-Varying Delay
Authors: Bo Ren , Guo Zhang
Published: June 2012

This paper is presented a new method for stability analysis and stabilization problems of continuous-time T-S fuzzy systems with time-delay. A fuzzy Lyapunov function is introduced to establish some delay-dependent stability criteria. Less conservative results are obtained by considering the additional useful terms when estimating the upper bound of the derivative of function. Then based on parallel distributed compensation, a delay-dependent stabilization condition is derived and the corresponding controller can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).
Research on Loss Allocation of Power Distribution Network Based on Power Flow Tracing
Authors: Wei Li Ming , Lin Jun
Published: June 2012

The introduction of distributed generation will bring new challenges to the theory of power electricity market. The problem of loss allocation is one of them. In the paper three contents are introduced. Firstly, a loss allocation method is proposed for power distribution network with distributed generation. Secondly, the changes of loss allocation which introduction of distributed generation before and after brings about are analyzed and compared and relevant conclusions are obtained. Lastly, a typical mini-grid with a distributed generation is simulated. Simulation results prove the correctness and feasibility of the method.
Study on Grid-Injected System with Regenerative Braking Energy for Subway
Authors: Zhang Qiu Rui , Ge Bao Ming , Bi Da Qiang
Published: June 2012

At present, the rate of energy utilization is low for the transit regenerative braking on urban rail; most of the energy is consumed by the resistance heating. In this paper, a regenerative braking energy injected-grid device is designed, which makes use of regenerative braking energy and effectively reduce the temperature rise caused by the resistance in the tunnel. The paper describes the composition and the design procedure of regenerative braking energy injected-grid device and presents a control strategy of device. The simulation of the single train model verifies that the stability of DC-bus voltage can be maintained and more power can be feedback to the grid by the proposed device when the train is braking. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control method are validated by the experimental results.
Study on the Optimal Allocation Method of Distributed Generation Capacity
Authors: Fan Rui Xiang , Xiao Hong Xia , Chen Hong
Published: June 2012

In distribution network, there are multiple constraint condition on the capacity allocation of distributed generation, this text takes the maximization of power generation benefit as the premise, and adopts genetic algorithm to implement the optimal allocation of distributed generation’s capacity. The algorithm uses the minimum distribution network power consumption as objective function, the admissible deviation of supply voltage and capacity accessed to common point not more than 10MVA are taken as the constraint condition, and the Newton-Raphson method is adopted to carry out power flow calculation. Based on the algorithm, the specific planning program flow diagram is given, and combining Jiangxi Gongqing city distribution case, capacity planning design is carried out to conclude the optimal node access capacity. The conclusion of the study can play a better guiding role for the planning and design of distribution network including distributed generation.
The Protection Setting for 110kV Line Connects to V/V Traction Transformers
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Lei
Published: June 2012

In 110kV railway traction the V/V connection transformers are common used. The distance protection performance for 110kV line connects to V/V traction transformer is analyzed in detail. Then some new advices on setting method for such kind of line protection calculation are proposed. This method is applied to several protection devices in Shandong power supply system. The operating result shows the accuracy of this method.
Dynamic Correction Plan Model of Comprehensive Assessment Indexes for Electric Power Enterprises
Authors: Tan Zhong Fu , An Jian Qiang , Yin He
Published: June 2012

With the gradual deepening of electricity market reform, electric power industry has not completely in accordance with the annual consolidated planning to organize the operation and development, but more and more by the macro-economic environment, the coal market fluctuations and other factors. This requires that power enterprise groups in the process of planning and controlling market boundaries to assess the scheme under various boundary conditions of the market. Presented a comprehensive plan of electric power Enterprise assessment method, according to the changing market environment, an amendment to the selected indicators, adjust the index value, so as to better meet corporate management target.
Effects of Micro-Particle Diameters and Low Fluid Velocities on Effective Thermal Parameters of Micro-Particle Packed Bed as a Biothermal Reactor
Authors: Xu Yi , Wang Li Ping , Zhong Yan Qian , Zheng Yi Hua
Published: June 2012

The effects of micro-particle diameters (i.e. dp=0.4~1.1mm) and low fluid velocities (v=5ml/min, 3ml/min and 1ml/min) on the heat transfer behavior of water flowing through a micro-particle packed bed as a reactor of thermal biosensor were investigated experimentally under constant wall temperature conditions (i.e. 60°C). The effective thermal parameter is smaller with decreasing the particle diameter and fluid velocities. This is mainly due to the poor thermal conductivity of the filling materials which leads to a larger thermal resistance and hydraulic resistance. As such, it is very important to select a filling material with better thermal conductivity to enhance heat transfer, which is favorable to completely detect the heat created during the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Comparing the correlations of both this work and those published in the literature, there are considerable discrepancies among them due to different experimental conditions. The two-dimensional heat transfer model that predicts the temperature distributions agree reasonably well with actual measurements except a slight over-prediction in the region close to the inlet.
Development of Switching Power Supply with Precision Continuously Adjustable High Voltage
Authors: Chu Kai Bin , Wang Nu , Chen Shu Yue , He Bao Xiang
Published: June 2012

The techniques for developing a kind of the precision continuously adjustable high-voltage switching power supply are proposed, based on the constant frequency pulse width modulation strategies with SG3525, and the continuous output voltage adjustment effect is achieved through a gain amplifier controlled by MCU. The circuit is of the significant features such as high precision output voltages, continuously adjustable, a wide adjustment range and a low power consumption. The results of the experiments show that the output voltage is adjustable between 1KV and 25KV, and the maximum output voltage error is 1.6%.
Electric Field Analysis of 220 kV Composite Material Tower Lines
Authors: Hu Jian Xun , Zhang Gong Da , Zhang Hong Yu , Zhang Xiao Qin
Published: June 2012

Using the finite element analysis, this work analyzed the electric field distribution of 220kV transmission steel tower with double-circuit and composite material transmission tower with the same size, and compared the electric field effect of two materials transmission tower for surroundings. And this work compared the vertical and axial electric field distribution along transmission line of the two materials transmission tower. The results indicate the composite material tower can improve the environment of electric field near the transmission lines.