bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyponatraemia in stroke patients: A single-centre prospective cohort study.
Authors: Ranasinghe Vindya , Bowatte Gayan , Antonypillai Charles , Gawarammana Indika
Published: August 2024

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) and syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) are the most common aetiological factors for developing hyponatremia following stroke. The differentiation of these two entities is crucial as the treatment options are completely different. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of aetiologies of hyponatremia and compare demographic, clinical, imaging and laboratory parameters in each groupTwo hundred and forty-six patients with confirmed strokes were prospectively observed throughout the hospital stay in a tertiary referral center in Sri Lanka to identify the possible predictors of CSWS. Hyponatremia was defined as a serum Na+ level less than 131mmo/l. Serum osmolality, urine osmolality, urinary Na+, serum cortisol and thyroid function tests were performed on all the hyponatremic patients. The CSWS and SIADH were differentiated based on physical examination findings and laboratory parameters.The incidence of hyponatremia in our study population was 19.1% (95% Confidence interval, 14.39-24.58). The majority of patients (24, 51%) were attributed to CSWS. SIADH group comprised of 17 (36.2%) patients and 6 (12.7%) patients had other undetermined causes.The incidence of CSWS is higher than the incidence of SIADH among stroke patients in our setting.
Effects of Perfluorohexane Sulfonate Exposure on Immune Cell Populations in Naive Mice
Authors: Pierpont Timothy M , Elmore Jessica , Redko Amie , Anannya Orchi , Imbiakha Brian , O’Hare Katelyn , Villanueva Alanis , Anronikov Sasha , Bondah Narda , Chang Sue , Sahler Julie , August Avery
Published: August 2024

Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyls (PFAS) superfamily of molecules, characterized by their fluorinated carbon chains and use in a wide range of industrial applications. PFHxS and perfluorooctane sulfonate are able to accumulate in the environment and in humans with the approximated serum elimination half-life in the range of several years. More recently, some PFAS compounds have also been suggested as potential immunosuppressants. In this study, we analyze immune cell numbers in mice following 28-d repeated oral exposure to potassium PFHxS at 12, 120, 1,200, and 12,000 ng/kg/d, with resulting serum levels ranging up to ∼1,600 ng/ml, approximating ranges found in the general population and at higher levels in PFAS workers. The immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide was analyzed as a positive control. B cells, T cells, and granulocytes from the bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus were evaluated. We found that at these exposures, there was no effect of PFHxS on major T or B cell populations, macrophages, dendritic cells, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, or circulating Ab isotypes. By contrast, mice exposed to cyclophosphamide exhibited depletion of several granulocyte and T and B cell populations in the thymus, bone marrow, and spleen, as well as reductions in IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, IgG3, IgE, and IgM. These data indicate that exposures of up to 12,000 ng/kg of PFHxS for 28 d do not affect immune cell numbers in naive mice, which provides valuable information for assessing the risks and health influences of exposures to this compound.
Vaccination with O-linked Mannans Protects against Systemic Candidiasis through Innate Lymphocyte Populations
Authors: Taira Cleison Ledesma , dos Santos Dias Lucas , Lichtenberger Sarah , Whitehead Alexander J , Kischkel Brenda , Netea Mihai G , Klein Bruce S , Wüthrich Marcel
Published: August 2024

Candida spp. are the fourth leading cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients and the most common cause of invasive fungal infection. No vaccine against Candida spp. or other fungal pathogens of humans is available. We recently discovered the Blastomyces Dectin-2 ligand endoglucanase 2 that harbors antigenic and adjuvant functions and can function as a protective vaccine against that fungus. We also reported that the adjuvant activity, which is mediated by O-mannans decorating the C terminus of Blastomyces Dectin-2 ligand endoglucanase 2, can augment peptide Ag-induced vaccine immunity against heterologous agents, including Cryptococcus, Candida, and influenza. In this article, we report that the O-linked mannans alone, in the absence of any antigenic peptide, can also protect against systemic candidiasis, reducing kidney fungal load and increasing survival in a Dectin-2–dependent manner. We found that this long-term glycan-induced protection is mediated by innate lymphocyte populations including TCR-γδ+ T cells, innate lymphoid cells, and NK cells that subsequently activate and release reactive oxygen species from neutrophils and monocytes. Our findings suggest that Blastomyces O-mannan displayed by Eng2 induces a form of protective trained immunity mediated by innate lymphocyte populations.
Comorbidity of Mitral Valve Stenosis with Influenza in Pregnancy, A Case Report
Authors: Movahedi Minoo , Goharian Maryam , Kabiri Azita , Zamansaraei Shadi
Published: August 2024

In this case, a 44-year-old pregnant woman at a gestational age of 28 weeks and 6 days with symptoms of cold, shortness of breath, and cough since a week ago. She had received remdesivir ampoule, Tamiflu tablet, meropenem and linezolid, and dexamethasone. She received oxygen through a 14-liter reservoir bag mask and hydrocortisone, heparin, and ceftriaxone. Nine hours after hospitalization, the patient suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest, resuscitation was performed, and the patient was intubated. Emergency cesarean section was done in the intensive care unit. Finally, the patient suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest, prop was placed for the patient, and evidence of severe Mitral stenosis and right ventricle dilation were observed. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation operation continued for an hour, but unfortunately the patient died. So, it is important to be careful about influenza during pregnancy and in the case of heart failure symptoms, it is necessary to consider the presence of underlying mitral stenosis.
Low-Dose Atorvastatin has Promoting Effect on Melanoma Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in Mouse Model
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Ahmadzadeh Elmira , Naji Esfahani Hajar , Bahri Najafi Majed , Esmailian Nazgol , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh
Published: August 2024

Background:

Preclinical evidence indicates that statins possess diverse antineoplastic effects in different types of tumors. However, clinical studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the potential of statins to either increase or decrease the risk of cancer. Our objective was to examine the relationship between the dose of a treatment and its impact on melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis in an in vivo setting.

Materials and Methods:

Melanoma cells were injected into C57BL6 mice in four groups. They received 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg of atorvastatin daily. Three others received the mentioned doses one week before the inoculation of melanoma animals. At the end of the third week, the animals were euthanized in a humane manner, and both blood samples and tumor specimens were collected for subsequent analysis.

Results:

The tumor size was 1.16 ± 0.25 cm3 in a group treated with therapeutic dose of atorvastatin and was significantly larger than that in the control group (0.42 ± 0.08 cm3). However, there were no significant differences between the two other doses and the control group (0.72 ± 0.22, 0.46 ± 0.08 cm3 in atorvastatin-treated groups with 5 and 10 mg/kg). The vascular density of the tumors was significantly increased in the lowest dose of the atorvastatin treatment group, similar to the results of tumor size (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Atorvastatin, at low therapeutic concentrations, has been observed to stimulate tumor growth and exhibit pro-angiogenic effects. Therefore, it is advised to exercise caution and recommend clinically relevant doses of statins to patients with cancer.
The Effect of Topical Vitamin K1 on the Treatment of Cetuximab-Induced Skin Rashes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Roayaei Mahnaz , Rezaei Mahmoud , Najafizade Nadia
Published: August 2024

Background:

Considering the prevalence of cetuximab-induced rashes in colorectal cancer patients and its impact on patient’s quality of life and treatment, this study aimed at investigating the effect of topical vitamin K1 on the treatment of skin rashes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized, controlled, triple-blind, clinical trial was conducted on 49 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who were candidates for cetuximab treatment and referred to Omid Hospital in Isfahan during 2021–2022. Vitamin K1 cream with a concentration of 0.1% in the intervention group (n = 25) and placebo cream in the control group (n = 24) were prescribed twice a day (in the morning and before bedtime) for eight weeks. The rash grade was recorded based on common terminology criteria for adverse events-4 (CTCAE-4) criteria before the intervention and in the fourth and eighth weeks during the intervention.

Results:

During the intervention, skin rash grades in the fourth and eighth weeks with the means of 1.00 ± 0.64 and 0.84 ± 0.55, respectively, were significantly lower in the intervention group, as compared with the control group with the means of 1.42 ± 0.65 and 1.25 ± 0.68, respectively (P value < 0.05). Moreover, the severity of skin rashes decreased significantly in the intervention group over time during eight weeks (P value < 0.05); however, its decrease was not significant in the control group (P value > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Topical vitamin K1 cream had a significant effect on reducing the severity of cetuximab-induced skin rashes over eight weeks of treatment.
Clinical Outcomes of Double Mini-Plating Compared with a Single Superior Plating in Midshaft Clavicular Fractures: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Jafari Kafiabadi Meisam , Sabaghzadeh Amir , Barazandeh Rad Saber , Karami Amin , Sadighi Mehrdad , Biglari Farsad
Published: August 2024

Background:

In the current study, we aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of the double-plating method using 2.7 mm compression plates compared with the single superior 3.5 mm compression plating method in displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients with midshaft fractures of the clavicle were randomly assigned into two groups. In group A, 15 patients were fixed by a double-plating technique using two 2.7 mm compression plates on the superior and anteroinferior sides of the bone. The fractures in group B were fixed by a superior plating technique using a single 3.5 mm compression plate. Intraoperative bleeding measurement, length of surgical incision, duration of procedure time, and functional scores were assessed post-surgically through one-year follow-ups.

Results:

There was no significant difference between groups in terms of surgery time. Device failure was not found among all recruited patients. Incision length and device prominence complaint were significantly different between groups (P value = 0.02, P value = 0.03). Mean ± standard deviation intraoperative bleeding rate was 88.67 ± 29.96 milliliter in the double-plating group and 108.67 ± 41.72 milliliter in the other group, which was not different between these two groups (P value = 0.14). There were no signs of non-union either in radiographies or clinically.

Conclusion:

Double mini-plating of diaphyseal clavicular fractures could result in a smaller surgical incision and a lower rate of prominence without affecting fixation stability and clinical outcomes in comparison with single superior 3.5 mm plates.
Molecular Characteristics of TYK2 Gene Expressions in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mozooni Zahra , Mansouri Neda , Bafrani Freshteh , Kolahi Ali A. , Movafagh Abolfazl , Mirzaei Hamid Reza
Published: August 2024

Background:

TYK2 is a member of the JAK family and is known to mediate signals of multiple cytokines that play a crucial role in immune and inflammatory signaling. Activation of TYK2 in tumor cells has been linked to promote cell survival, growth, and invasion. This study aimed to investigate the expression of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and adjacent control tissues.

Materials and Methods:

Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) method was elaborated to examine the expression levels of TYK2 in 100 colorectal tumor tissues and adjacent tissues as a control. Furthermore, we analyzed the diagnostic power of the mentioned TYK2 by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:

Our results revealed that the expression level of TYK2 was significantly up-regulated in CRC patients sample compared to the adjacent sample of the control group. Analysis of patient’s clinic pathological features shows that expressions TYK2 were differently associated with lymph vascular invasion and TMN stage (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0006).

Conclusion:

These results indicated that TYK2 levels potential biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer may be identified.
In vitro Evaluation of Implant Impression Techniques and Elastomeric Materials: A Comparative Dimensional Accuracy Study
Authors: Khare Abhinav , Somkuwar Kirti , Yadav Naveen S , Saxena Abhishek , Verma Khushboo , Kashyap Rucha , Khare Himanshi
Published: August 2024

Context:

Dimensional precision in implant impression.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the dimensional accuracy of two implant impression techniques with two different variants of vinyl polysiloxane impression material.

Material and Methods:

The edentulous mandible reference model was fabricated in clear resin. In the anterior region of the mandibular ridge, three dummy implants were placed in a spread-out configuration. Impressions were made using two elastomeric impression materials and two impression techniques using customised impression trays. Finished casts were then divided into four groups having four samples each. The mean centre-to-centre distances between adjacent analogues (in sample casts) and between adjacent implants (in the control cast) were measured with the help of a profile projector.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analysed using Student’s t-test.

Results:

The open-tray technique showed more accurate results with a combination of medium body and light body, whereas in the closed tray technique, mono-phase vinyl polysiloxane appeared to be a better option. Amongst all, mono-phase with closed tray provided statistically significant results. P ˂ 0.05 in Group C and other group’s P ≥ 0.05.

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of this study, both implant impression techniques appeared to be equally accurate depending on clinical conditions, temperature and time of the procedure. However, mono-phase impression material with closed tray provided statistically significant results.
Strategies for Improving Nurses' Performance Regarding Cardiovascular Patient's Adherence to Treatment Regimen: Content Analysis
Authors: Parvizey Soroor , Nadery Yaghoub , Khorasani Parvaneh , Feizi Aram
Published: August 2024

Background:

Patient adherence to the treatment regimen is an important goal of treatment; finding appropriate strategies to improve treatment adherence is a nursing challenge. This study aimed to explore strategies to improve nurses' performance to enhance cardiovascular patients' adherence to treatment regimens.

Materials and Methods:

This is a qualitative content analysis study that was performed in an educational hospital of the Urmia University of Medical Science. Data were collected through semi-structured individual and group interviews. Sixteen individual interviews were conducted with nurses, patients, and physicians. A focus group was conducted with the presence of six nurses and nursing managers. Data were analyzed by conventional content analysis using MAXQDA 2020.

Results:

After analyzing the interviews, five strategies were explored; these strategies include: follow-up of the patient after discharge (systemic and organizational follow-up, educational follow-up, counseling follow-up, and motivational follow-up), sending reminders for necessary cases to the patients (risk reminders, care reminders); improving patient education methods (modern and up-to-date education, conventional and routine education), improving support services (home care services, social support, Psychological support), and optimizing the structure and processes of the hospital (making structural changes, making process changes).

Conclusions:

Much needs to be done to improve patient's adherence to treatment. Nurses are at the forefront of this work. In this study, we introduced ways to improve nurses' performance in order to increase patient adherence.
Investigating the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Resilience in Infertile Couples in Isfahan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pirhadi Masoume , Torabi Fatemeh , Mokhtari Fatemeh
Published: August 2024

Background:

Infertility is a psychological crisis for a couple, spouse, and their families. Due to the positive effects of spiritual intelligence on the positive adaptation and growth of the individual under difficult circumstances, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience in infertile couples in Isfahan.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on 162 infertile couples. Data were collected by the convenience sampling method from infertile couples referring to Infertility Centers in Isfahan through two standard questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods for quantitative variables. The relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience score was investigated using inferential statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

The results showed that the mean age Standard Deviation (SD) of women and their spouses was 32.01 (5.86) and 36.30 (5.82) years, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive direct relationship between resilience score with total spiritual intelligence score (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and its dimensions Critical Existential Thinking (CET) (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), personal meaning production (PMP) (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), Transcendental Awareness (TA) (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), and Conscious State Expansion (CSE) (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). The PMP (t = 6.38, p < 0.001) and the CSE (t = 2.15, p = 0.03) were significant predictors of resilience scores.

Conclusions:

The result of our study showed that couples with a higher level of spiritual intelligence had a better understanding of the problems and harms of primary infertility and would cope with it more efficiently.
Mobile Phone App-Based or Face-to-Face Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Atashi Vajihe , Hashemi Marzieh , Haghighat Shila , Sadegh Raheleh , Sami Ramin , Bahadori Mobina
Published: August 2024

Background:

Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is recommended as a standard, effective, and important treatment for COVID-19 survivors who remain symptomatic after the acute phase. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of mobile phone-based PR application with face-to-face PR on the quality of life, anxiety, depression, and daily life activities of COVID-19 survivors.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental was conducted on 65 COVID-19 survivors during 2022. Convenient sampling was done based on the inclusion criteria. The intervention group (n = 31) received PR through a mobile phone application, and the control group (n = 34) received face-to-face PR. Data were collected before and after the intervention in both groups using a demographic information questionnaire, SF-12, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and Barthel scale. For all tests, a maximum error of 5% was considered.

Results:

The two studied groups had no statistically significant difference with respect to all the investigated variables at baseline (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean anxiety and depression score of the patients in the control group was significantly lower than the intervention group (t = −3.46, f = 63, p = 0.01). After our intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean quality of life and daily life activity scores between the two groups (t = −0.68, f = 63, p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The application of PR does not show a statistically significant difference in terms of improving the quality of life and daily activities compared with the face-to-face method; we suggest that the PR application be used as a cost-effective method when face-to-face PR is not possible.
Javanese Women's Experiences during the First Pregnancy
Authors: Gayatri Mergy , Silvani Yulia , Pirade Roland A. , Akingbade Oluwadamilare , Harjo Indhar W. W. , Hastuti Nuraini R.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Women experience physical, hormonal, and psychological changes during pregnancy. Similarly, some traditions are prevalent among Javanese women, which could affect their pregnancy. The experiences of first-time pregnant women in this area remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of women during their first pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:

The qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted in Kesambon village in Malang Regency, Indonesia. Eight women in their third trimester were selected purposively. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and subsequently open-coded using the NVivo-12 software manufactured by the QS International.

Results:

The participants were married primigravida women aged 17 to 22 years. Four themes emerged as follows: pregnancy is a positive experience, pregnant women are not independent, belief in pregnancy-related myths and traditions, and pregnancy-related information seeking.

Conclusions:

During the first pregnancy, pregnant women believed and practiced Javanese traditions regarding pregnancy. Although they were happy, they were still dependent and lacked the motivation to seek pregnancy-related information. Hence, midwives should provide them with adequate pregnancy-related information while addressing harmful myths and misconceptions. This should culminate in a successful pregnancy.
Working Condition and Job Satisfaction of Nurses as Predicting Factors of the Prevalence of Health care-associated Infections among Elderly Inpatients
Authors: Rezaie Fereshteh , Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi Farahnaz , Fadayevatan Reza , Shati Mohsen , Ghaedamini-Harouni Gholamreza
Published: August 2024

Background:

Health care-Associated Infections (HCAIs) are among the most common adverse events (AEs) that can negatively affect both patients and health systems. The elderly is among patients at high risk for infections. Some controllable risk factors have received less attention in research. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between prevalence of HCAIs among elderly inpatients, job satisfaction of nurses, and working condition.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 211 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, in 2021. The data were collected from HCAIs reports by the Nosocomial Infection Control Committee, a demographic questionnaire, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). The data were statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, t-test, and multiple linear regression (MLR) in SPSS 26.

Results:

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the PES-NWI and MSQ (r = 0.68, p < 0.00). The MLR results indicated that staffing and resource adequacy, nurse participation in hospital affairs, job satisfaction, nursing manager's leadership, and nursing foundations for quality of care are predictive factors that these could explain 78% of the changes in the prevalence of HCAIs and the goodness of fit of the regression model was acceptable [F6.210 = 129.47, p < 0.001].

Conclusions:

Since job satisfaction and the work condition could predict HCAIs among the elderly patients, healthcare administers are recommended to consider these two variables in the development of HCAIs prevention and control programs.
The effect of surface conditioning techniques on the shear bond strength of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic following adhesive cementation – An in vitro study
Authors: Pai Rahul , Shetty K. Harish S. , Nair Prathap M. S. , Farookh Faseeh Muhammed Bin , Aphiya Aysath , Kukkila Jayaprakash
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different surface conditioning techniques on the bond strength between zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramics and resin cement.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty samples of ZLS ceramic were used and allotted into five groups with 10 samples per group based on the type of surface conditioning technique. The ceramic specimens were crystallized and embedded into acrylic resin. The five groups were group 1 (negative control–without surface treatment); group 2 (10% hydrofluoric [HF] acid + silanization); group 3 (10% HF acid only); group 4 (self-etching ceramic primer [SECP]); and group 5 (experimental laboratory sealing of the conditioned surface). Resin cylinders were bonded using self-adhesive resin cement and were subjected to thermocycling after 24 h storage. The shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis Used:

One-way ANOVA was used for comparing five groups (P < 0.05 was considered significant).

Results:

Group 4 showed the highest mean bond strength value (23.4 MPa ± 2.21 MPa). A statistically significant difference was noted between group 4 and all the other groups tested in the study (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the SECP can be considered an alternative to the conventional protocol of HF acid and silane application for the surface conditioning of ZLS ceramic.
Digital precision meets dentin preservation: PriciGuide™ system for guided access opening
Authors: Prabhuji Varun , Srirekha A. , Pai Veena , Srinivasan Archana , Laxmikanth S. M. , Shanbhag Shwetha
Published: August 2024

Traumatic injuries to maxillary central incisors often necessitate root canal treatment (RCT). However, traditional access cavity preparation can remove significant dentin, compromising tooth strength and long-term prognosis. This article explores the use of the PriciGuide™ system for minimally invasive access cavity preparation in such cases. PriciGuide™ system is a novel, patented system that utilizes a sleeveless guide technique to enhance accuracy and control during access procedures. This article presents a clinical case demonstrating the application of PriciGuide™ system for access cavity preparation in traumatized necrotic maxillary central incisors. The focus is on preserving dentin while achieving optimal access for successful RCT. By showcasing the effectiveness of PriciGuide™ system in this case, this article contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting its role in minimally invasive endodontics. The approach presented has the potential to improve long-term outcomes for patients with not only traumatized necrotic maxillary central incisors but also in teeth having prosthesis that requires RCT and in teeth with calcifications.
Application of fecal immunochemical test in colorectal cancer screening: A community-based, cross-sectional study in average-risk individuals in Hainan
Authors: Zeng Fan , Zhang Da-Ya , Chen Shi-Ju , Chen Run-Xiang , Chen Chen , Huang Shi-Mei , Li Da , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Chen Jia-Jia , Mo Cui-Yi , Gao Lei , Zeng Jun-Tao , Xiong Jian-Xin , Chen Zhai , Bai Fei-Hu
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China is steadily rising, with a high proportion of advanced-stage diagnoses. This highlights the significance of early detection and prevention measures to enhance survival rates. Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is a globally recommended CRC screening method; however, limited research has been conducted on its application in Hainan.

AIM

To assess the efficacy and adherence of FIT screening among average-risk individuals in Hainan, while also examining the risk factors associated with positive FIT results.

METHODS

This population-based cross-sectional study implemented FIT screening for CRC in 2000 asymptomatic participants aged 40-75 years from five cities and 21 community health centers in Hainan Province. The study was conducted from August 2022 to April 2023, employing a stratified sampling method to select participants. Individuals with positive FIT results subsequently underwent colonoscopy. Positive predictive values for confirmed CRC and advanced adenoma were calculated, and the relationship between relevant variables and positive FIT results was analyzed using χ 2 tests and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS

A total of 1788 participants completed the FIT screening, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range: 40-75). Among them, 503 (28.1%) were males, and 1285 (71.9%) were females, resulting in an 89.4% compliance rate for FIT screening. The overall positivity rate of FIT was 4.4% [79 out of 1788; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3%-5%]. The specific positivity rates for Haikou, Sanya, Orient City, Qionghai City, and Wuzhishan City were 9.6% (45 of 468; 95%CI: 8%-11%), 1.3% (6 of 445; 95%CI: 0.1%-3.1%), 2.7% (8 of 293; 95%CI: 1.2%-4.3%), 3.3% (9 of 276; 95%CI: 1.0%-6.3%), and 4.2% (11 of 406; 95%CI: 1.2%-7.3%), respectively. Significant associations were found between age, dietary habits, and positive FIT results. Out of the 79 participants with positive FIT results, 55 underwent colonoscopy, demonstrating an 82.2% compliance rate. Among them, 10 had a clean gastrointestinal tract, 43 had polyps or adenomas, and 2 were confirmed to have CRC, yielding a positive predictive value of 3.6% (95%CI: 0.9%-4.2%). Among the 43 participants with polyps or adenomas, 8 were diagnosed with advanced adenomas, resulting in an advanced adenoma rate of 14.5% (95%CI: 10.1%-17.7%).

CONCLUSION

In the Hainan region, FIT screening for CRC among asymptomatic individuals at average risk is feasible and well-received.
Effect of acacetin on inhibition of apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cell line
Authors: Yao Qi-Xi , Li Zi-Yu , Kang Hou-Le , He Xin , Kang Min
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection can cause extensive apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells, serving as a critical catalyst in the progression from chronic gastritis, gastrointestinal metaplasia, and atypical gastric hyperplasia to gastric carcinoma. Prompt eradication of H. pylori is paramount for ameliorating the pathophysiological conditions associated with chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa and the primary prevention of gastric cancer. Acacetin, which has multifaceted pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties, has been extensively investigated across various domains. Nevertheless, the impact and underlying mechanisms of action of acacetin on H. pylori -infected gastric mucosal epithelial cells remain unclear.

AIM

To explore the defensive effects of acacetin on apoptosis in H. pylori -infected GES-1 cells and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

METHODS

GES-1 cells were treated with H. pylori and acacetin in vitro. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, cell mortality rate via lactate dehydrogenase assay, alterations in cell migration and healing capacities through the wound healing assay, rates of apoptosis via flow cytometry and TUNEL staining, and expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins through western blot analysis.

RESULTS

H. pylori infection led to decreased GES-1 cell viability, increased cell mortality, suppressed cell migration, increased rate of apoptosis, increased expressions of Bax and cle-caspase3, and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Conversely, acacetin treatment enhanced cell viability, mitigated apoptosis induced by H. pylori infection, and modulated the expression of apoptosis-regulatory proteins by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax and cleaved caspase-3.

CONCLUSION

Acacetin significantly improved GES-1 cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in H. pylori -infected GES-1 cells, thereby exerting a protective effect on gastric mucosal epithelial cells.
Spontaneous cytokine production by the cells from peripheral blood, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and skin in a murine model of acute psoriasis-like dermatitis
Authors: Sorokina Ekaterina V. , Akhmatova E. A. , Stolpnikova V. N. , Kalinichenko E. O. , Bisheva I. V. , Skhodova S. A.
Published: August 2024

Imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis in mice is used for the studies in psoriasis. Imiquimod administered as skin application triggers a complex multi-stage process simulating psoriatic inflammation of the skin, accompanied by changes in production of cytokines. The aim of this work was a comprehensive study of their contents in cell supernatants isolated from skin, blood, from central and peripheral lymphoid organs and the effect of imiquimod on these parameters. Forty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: (1) control (n = 22), and (2) experimental (n = 24). Development of experimental pathology was evaluated by van de Fits et al. The mice from experimental group were treated with a cream containing 5% imiquimod (62.5 mg/ cm2/ day/mouse) for 7 days. On the 7th day of experiment, the animals were subject to blood sampling, extraction of spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and skin biopsies were also made. To obtain cell suspensions, the tissues of spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus were crushed in a homogenizer, and then passed through cell filters (50 mcm pore size). The method of spontaneous migration was used to isolate skin cells. The cultures of blood, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and skin cells were incubated for 24 hours in RPMI-1640 followed by assessment of spontaneous cytokine production in supernatants. The cytokine level (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL- 17, TNFα, IL-10) was determined using the murine Th1/Th2/Th17 Panel test system. Our study revealed that the cells isolated from blood and lymphoid organs synthesize increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1 and IL-17. The most pronounced changes in the cytokine profile are observed in cell supernatants from blood, skin and spleen cultures.
The Use of Orthoses Made With 3D Printer In Upper Extremity Rehabilitation: A Review
Authors: Sarışahin Sümeyye , Çorakcı Yazıcıoğlu Zeynep
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements in technology have brought about a significant transformation in the healthcare industry, particularly in the rehabilitation services sector, with the adoption of 3D (3 Dimensional) printing. This technology plays a crucial role in designing customized, aesthetically pleasing, lightweight, and eco-friendly orthoses for upper extremity rehabilitation. 3D scanning systems accurately predict the production process of orthoses, making it easier to maintain records of orthotic models. These recorded models make repetitive and batch production processes more efficient and accessible. However, the use of 3D printers in developing countries is limited due to high costs. Additionally, there is a lack of evidence-based practices. To overcome these challenges, efforts are underway to improve software interfaces for orthotic production and integrate 3D printed orthoses into upper extremity rehabilitation models. Further research is necessary to explore the optimal parameters for 3D printing in upper extremity orthotic production across diverse demographics.
Coronavirus Fear and Life Quality Perceptions of COVID-19 Positive Patients' Spouses
Authors: Kıssal Aygül , Akyazı Elif
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted to determine the fear of coronavirus and quality of life perceptions of the spouses of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were treated and discharged. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with the spouses of 111 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in a district state hospital and were treated and discharged. Data were collected with the Patient Spouse Identification Form, the COVID-19 Fear Scale, and the WHOQOL BREF 27 Quality of Life Scale. Data were evaluated by percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t test, Mann Whitney-U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. The mean COVID-19 Fear scale score of the participants was 16.92 ± 6.20. A statistically significant difference was found between the education level, chronic disease status, hospitalization period of the spouse, and knowledge of the new type of coronavirus and the quality of life sub-dimensions mean scores of the participants. As individuals' fear levels increase, the quality of life psychological health sub-dimension score decreases.
Assessment of the Implementation of Policy on Anti-Sexual Harassment in a Nigerian University
Authors: Fasanmi Success Ayodeji , Seyama Sadi
Published: August 2024

Sexual harassment in universities undermines gender equity, safety, and learning. This study assessed the level of implementation of the anti-sexual harassment policy and the influence of implementation of the policy on gender protection of students and staff of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Nigeria. The study was hinged on the feminist theory. The feminist theory considers the plight of any person or people not just women, with a view to destabilizing systems of power and oppression, especially in an academic environment as in this context. The study adopted cross sectional survey research design. The population comprised of 450 students and 200 members of staff (100 teaching and non-teaching staff each) making a total of 650 participants, using a stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation from the 10 selected faculties. Data was collected using questionnaires and gathered data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results identified gaps in initial awareness and understanding of the anti-sexual harassment policy among students and staff which constituted a setback for the implementation. It was equally noted that the policy development process lacked inclusivity, and implementation activities were perceived as insufficient. Since the implementation process was faulty, the policy has not been able to significantly achieve gender protection on the Campus. The students had uncertain views on the policy's impact, while staff had mixed opinions. The study recommended the need to strengthen policy implementation by way of improving communication channels, transparency, stakeholders’ involvement, and monitoring while punitive measures must be enforced when necessary.
The Influence of a Scientific Investigation Workshop on In-service Biology Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Scientific Investigations
Authors: Naudé Shani , Pretorius Jannie
Published: August 2024

Biology teachers’ attitudes play a vital role in successful scientific investigations. Some biology teachers situated in the central part of South Africa experience challenges that include a lack of the necessary scientific knowledge and skills, which hinders the presentation of scientific investigations. These challenges adversely influence these biology teachers’ attitudes towards conducting scientific investigations. The result is that they conduct the minimum number of investigations with their learners, or don’t conduct them at all. Professional, in-service training workshops allow biology teachers to develop the necessary scientific knowledge and skills to successfully conduct scientific investigations. This study aimed to understand how a scientific investigation workshop affected biology teachers’ attitudes by measuring the ABC attitude model’s affective, cognitive and behavioural components. Likert-type, five-point scale items were used for the 20 pre-surveys and the same for the 20 post-surveys that were completed and collected for analysis. This research provided information on how vital in-service training programmes such as this scientific investigation workshop are in fostering positive attitudes toward scientific investigations amongst biology teachers. The findings that emerged from this study imply that implementing this scientific investigation workshop has developed biology teachers’ confidence in their science skills and knowledge to facilitate scientific investigations. The findings also indicate that this workshop caused a significant improvement in teachers’ intended behaviours in implementing scientific investigations in the science classrooms, as they gained valuable knowledge and skills regarding the science apparatus and the use thereof in conducting scientific investigations.
Una talaia sobre el music-hall: anàlisi de la crítica teatral del periodista Joan Tomàs a "Mirador"
Authors: Moreno i Domènech Maria
Published: August 2024

Joan Tomàs (Igualada, 1892 – Mexico City, 1962) is one of the most pre­eminent Catalan theatre critics and cultural journalists during the 20th century. He was a contributor for a wide range of publications, including El Diluvio, La Publicitat, El Poble Català, El be negre, L’Opinió and Mirador. As a result of the Civil War, he went into exile in France and then in Mexico, where he continued to work as a journalist until his death in 1962. This paper analyses articles on the music-hall subject which Tomàs pub­lished between 1929 and 1936 in Mirador.
Estudio descriptivo transversal de funciones metacognitivas en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Bran Girón Jorge Eduardo
Published: August 2024

PROBLEMA: evaluación de habilidades metacognitivas en estudiantes universitarios  para entender cómo planifican, monitorean, evalúan y regulan su proceso de aprendizaje. OBJETIVO: analizar y evaluar las habilidades metacognitivas de los estudiantes universitarios utilizando el Inventario de Conciencia Metacognitiva (MAI). MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque analítico RESULTADOS: los resultados del estudio revelaron que el 51.43% de los estudiantes presentaron niveles bajos de metacognición, el 30.26% niveles altos y el 18.31% niveles medios. Las habilidades de monitoreo destacaron con un Odds Ratio (OR) de 3.932 y un valor p < 0.0005, lo que indica una diferencia significativa en comparación con las otras habilidades. La planificación mostró un OR de 1.397 y la evaluación un OR de 1.365, ambas también con valores p < 0.0005. La regulación cognitiva presentó un OR de 0.715, con un valor p < 0.0005, señalando que estas habilidades varían considerablemente entre los estudiantes evaluados. CONCLUSION: los resultados indican una prevalencia significativa de habilidades metacognitivas bajas en los estudiantes universitarios, especialmente en las áreas de planificación y monitoreo. Es crucial implementar estrategias educativas que fortalezcan estas habilidades para mejorar el aprendizaje autorregulado.
PERAN TOKOH AGAMA DALAM MENANAMKAN AKHLAKUL KARIMAH PADA MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Hani Nafi'ah Rachmawati  , Khadavi Muhammad Jadid
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the role of religious figures in instilling good morals in the fishing community in Tongas Wetan Village, Tongas District, Probolinggo Regency. Religious figures have a very important role in guiding and providing direction to the community so that they always behave well and avoid inappropriate behavior. The research approach used in this research is qualitative with a case study type of research. Research informants include: religious leaders, community leaders, and residents. The results of the research show that the role of religious figures in instilling morals in the fishing community of Tongas Wetan Village is as leaders, role models (uswah hasanah), and guides (mentors). Being a leader means not only leading congregational prayers but also providing spiritual and social guidance. Being a role model means being able to become a figure and moral guide for society who reflects religious values ​​in daily actions. Being a mentor means actively providing guidance in religious and social activities and implementing Islamic teachings. The form of instilling good morals is through being active in religious and social activities in the community.
Keywords: Religious Leaders; Good Moral; Fishermen Community.
PENGARUH ROA, ROE, DAN EPS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BEI PERIODE 2018-2022
Authors: Nugroho Johannes , Pangaribuan Leonard , Prastio Wiwin
Published: August 2024

Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Earning Per Share (EPS) are profitability ratios used to determine the company's ability to generate profits in the current year and its prospects in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Earning Per Share (EPS) on the stock price of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The object of this research is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2022. Sampling was carried out using non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling method. The total sample used was 33 companies and the observation unit was 165 data. The data analysis technique used is the regression coefficient similarity test, descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, determination coefficient test, F test, and t test using the IBM SPSS Statistics 29 program. The results of this research show that return on assets and return on equity do not have a significant effect on the share prices of banking companies listed on the BEI for the 2018-2022 period, while earnings per share have a significant positive effect on the share prices of banking companies listed on the BEI for the 2018-2022 period.
Acelerando Soluções Baseadas na Natureza em Cidades Brasileiras
Authors: Horn Lara , Tornello Vitor Tramontin , Arioli Magdala Satt , Corrêa Fernando , Azeredo Laura
Published: August 2024

Lições aprendidas na estruturação de projetos em estágio de ideação
Síndrome metabólica e resistência à insulina em adolescentes obesos: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Laura Reis de , Beirigo Thayná Pereira , Leite Cláudia Roldão
Published: August 2024

A síndrome metabólica (SM) e a resistência à insulina (RI) são condições inter-relacionadas que têm aumentado em prevalência entre adolescentes obesos. Este artigo revisa sistematicamente a literatura sobre a prevalência, os mecanismos patofisiológicos, os fatores de risco e as estratégias de manejo dessas condições nessa população. A pesquisa incluiu artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2023, identificados em bases de dados como PubMed, Scielo e LILACS. Os resultados mostram uma forte correlação entre obesidade, SM e RI, com implicações significativas para a saúde cardiovascular futura. As intervenções mais eficazes incluem modificações no estilo de vida, como dieta e exercício, além de tratamentos farmacológicos em casos específicos.
Lipoproteína e fatores de risco cardiovasculares em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Borges de , Volpato Giovana Santos , Cad Rafaela Santa Cruz , Moreira Talita Barbosa
Published: August 2024

A dislipidemia é um fator de risco importante para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) que pode se manifestar desde a infância. Este artigo revisa a literatura sobre a influência das lipoproteínas e outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares em crianças e adolescentes. Foram analisados estudos nacionais e internacionais para identificar a prevalência de dislipidemia nessa faixa etária e sua correlação com fatores como obesidade, sedentarismo e genética. Os resultados indicam uma alta prevalência de dislipidemia entre jovens, destacando a importância de intervenções precoces. Conclui-se que a educação em saúde e a promoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis são cruciais para a prevenção de DCV na vida adulta.