bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Development Strategy of China's Electric Power Enterprises under the Background of Innovation Drive
Authors: Guo Tiebin , Sun Jia , Liu Yunjing , Hu Jingbo , Guan Xiaozhuo
Published: June 2023

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that improving the scientific and technological innovation system, stimulating innovation vitality, accelerating the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies, promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain, industry chain, capital chain, and talent chain, opening up new fields and new tracks for development, and constantly shaping development New kinetic energy and new advantages.This paper studies and sorts out the new opportunities and existing problems of electric power enterprises, and analyze the necessity of adopting a diversified strategic development. The study believes that under the situation of continuous advancement of power reform, whether the development strategy adapts to the situation of the times will have a direct impact on the economic and social benefits of power companies.
Input-output benefit evaluation of major projects based on DEA
Authors: Dong Wentao , Zhang Xiaowei , Dong Yucai
Published: June 2023

The data envelopment analysis DEA method is used to calculate the input-output ratio of some major projects in terms of annual funds, equipment, fixed assets, personnel, etc., and evaluate the comprehensive benefits and economies of scale of some projects. The analysis results show that there is redundancy in the input of most projects, so the input value can be further optimized. The optimal value and saving value of different input types are calculated for specific projects. This model provides technical support for future major project planning of military construction.
Financial and SWOT Analysis of New Energy Vehicle Companies-Take Company X as an Example
Authors: Wan Yalan , Jia Jingyuan , Xu Yanjing
Published: June 2023

In 2021, Company X and Huawei joint business deep cross-border integration, the official launch of Smart SF5 model, into the new energy vehicle enterprise market. In order to understand the development status of the Company X after its strategic transformation, the author first analyzed the company's internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats through SWOT analysis, and built a strategic matrix model on this basis, and then combined with the financial statements of the past five years for further analysis. The study showed that the overall expenses during the period have increased, and the operating profit has continued to decrease. After the transformation, the market pressure of company has intensified. In order to help Company X alleviate the operating pressure and improve its business situation, the author finally provided development suggestions for Company X based on the value chain perspective, which provided experience for similar vehicle enterprises to learn from.
Bibliometric Analysis of Chinese Research on City Brand and Brand Building Strategies for Beijing
Authors: Gu Yingxiao , Wang Zongshui
Published: June 2023

With the gradual improvement of urbanization in China, it is important to research city branding to promote high-quality urban development. This paper uses CSSCI journals (including the expanded edition) in CNKI as the data source to collect the papers related to city branding from 2001-2022, analyzes the research content of city branding based on the bibliometric method, and accordingly proposes strategies for city branding in Beijing. The analysis result shows that the research on city branding involves a wide range of content, mainly including city branding, place marketing, and multilayer brand strategy. Based on this, we propose strategic suggestions for city branding for Beijing: exploring the characteristics of city resources and enhancing the cultural connotation; building a multilayer brand strategy to promote regional development; expanding multi-channel marketing to highlight the differentiation of city brand.
Comprehensive evaluation study on the maturity of railway construction project management
Authors: Tingyu Mei , Zhiyu Rao , Xiangze Liu , Jiacheng Wu
Published: June 2023

With the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development and the growing demand for passenger travel, high-speed railway projects are booming. China's railways are renowned worldwide for their high speed, low pollution and technicality, reducing transport costs, increasing the speed of logistics and promoting social and economic development. However, high-speed railway projects are systematic, complex and comprehensive, with difficult construction, extensive use of new technologies and techniques, weak theoretical and technical foundations for managers, corporate reliance on previous experience and deficiencies in traditional management models, resulting in failure to complete properly or frequent accidents. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation study on the maturity of railway construction project management is conducted to address the shortcomings in the management of large-scale projects such as railways and to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.
Evaluation and Improvement Suggestions on the Operating Performance of Listed Retail Enterprises in China
Authors: Li Youjun , He Jiamei
Published: June 2023

As the most closely connected industry with residents, retail industry has made great contributions to Chinese economic development. The research on the operating performance of listed retail enterprises in China can objectively reflect the development of Chinese retail industry and provide beneficial reference for stakeholders. We have selected four indicators that can reflect the operating performance of listed retail enterprises: profitability, operating capacity, growth capacity and solvency. And then,we take 31 listed retail enterprises as the research object, adopting the principal component analysis method to build the operating performance evaluation index system of listed retail enterprises, and calculate the operating performance of 31 retail enterprises. According to the measurement results, we put forward specific suggestions for their sustainable development.
Research on Liquidity Risk Management of Commercial banks under the impact of Fed rate hike
Authors: Duan Xiaolong
Published: June 2023

Liquidity risk refers to the risk of insolvency, credit decline, market value decline and other consequences that commercial banks cannot obtain enough working capital when paying debts or maintaining business operations. In the information society, liquidity risk has become a huge obstacle to the development of commercial banks and even to their survival. And in the most aggressive Fed rate hike cycle since March 2022, liquidity risk management should be a top concern for regulators and commercial banks. This paper studies the course of interest rate hike of the Federal Reserve, its impact on commercial banks, the current situation and difficulties of liquidity risk management of American commercial banks, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions accordingly: commercial banks should strengthen the liquidity risk management ability, adjust and optimize the deposit and loan structure, strengthen the liquidity risk management awareness of managers, and so on.
Employee Benefits and its Impacts on Business Performance-A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Xinyi
Published: June 2023

Despite increasing awareness of employee benefits, there are still relatively few studies that provide a thorough examination of how employee benefits affect various performance measures organizations. This paper provides an overview of the definition and categories of employee benefits, important employee benefits from the employee's perspective, and the influencing factors, then analyze reasons contributing to the mismatch of employees' expectations and actual benefits offered and the impacts of benefits on four aspects of business performance, namely retention, engagement, commitment, motivation, and productivity. This systemic and comprehensive understanding of employee benefits and their impacts on business performance contribute to the managerial implication of human resource management to redesign the compensation package to meet the expectations of the workforce and, in return, achieve desired performance.
Correlation between asset structure and enterprise growth ability of listed automobile companies in China
Authors: Jiang Libo
Published: June 2023

This research paper explores the impact of asset structure on the growth potential of listed automobile companies in China, given the critical role of the automotive industry in the country's economy and employment. The study uses a comprehensive index evaluation system to assess enterprise growth ability (GA) based on 17 evaluation indicators across six dimensions. The asset structure (AS) is evaluated based on total assets and current assets, and a multiple regression analysis is conducted to examine the relationship between asset structure (AS) and GA. The study finds that in the total asset structure (AS), the proportion of current assets is positively correlated with GA, while the proportion of fixed assets is negatively correlated. Intangible assets are slightly negatively correlated with current GA but positively correlated with future GA. In the current asset structure (AS), the proportion of monetary capital is positively correlated with GA, while the proportion of inventory is negatively correlated.
Leserbrief zum Beitrag „Psoriasis und
Adipositas“
Authors: Adam Olaf
Published: June 2023

Gerne möchte ich die Aufmerksamkeit auf den 2022 in der Fachzeitschrift
Adipositas erschienenen Artikel „Psoriasis und Adipositas“ lenken
1. Die Autoren Seitz AT et al. betrachten in
dem Artikel auch die Bedeutung der Ernährung für das Auftreten und
den Verlauf der Psoriasis bei Adipösen.
Berufliche Neuorientierung durch Förderung der Teilhabe mit
dauerhafter beruflicher Perspektive bei Adipositas in
Berufsförderungswerken
Authors: Metzler Michael Christian
Published: June 2023

Für Menschen mit Adipositas sollte dem Verbleib im Beruf in Anbetracht
der demografischen Entwicklung und knappen Arbeitskraftressourcen eine
größere Aufmerksamkeit zukommen. Der Anteil von Menschen mit
Adipositas ist in den Berufsförderungswerken (BFW) jedoch auffallend
gering. Ein möglicher Einflussfaktor könnte sein, dass die
Diagnose Adipositas nicht als Hauptdiagnose oder rehabilitationsrelevante
Nebendiagnose im Antragsverfahren für eine LTA erscheint.

Eine nach ICF ausgerichtete Analyse der Bedarfe und die Förderung von
Kompetenzen sind wichtige Instrumente zur Unterstützung der beruflichen
Teilhabe. Ziel wäre in einem BFW-Prozess eine
Beratungskontinuität über das Thema Adipositas für die
Teilnehmer während des Aufenthaltszeitraums zu gewährleisten, um
das Erlernen von tragfähigen Kompensationsmechanismen zu
unterstützen und Handlungskompetenzen zu verstetigen.

Über einen kontrollierten Zeitraum von 24 Monaten lassen sich sowohl
positive Effekte für die berufliche Qualifizierung als auch
spätere Berufsausübung erwarten. Es wäre gut, Konzepte
weiter zu entwickeln für die intersektorale Zusammenarbeit, und dabei
die Möglichkeiten der fachlichen beruflichen Qualifizierungen
über die Deutsche Rentenversicherung über einen längeren
Interaktionszeitraum (in der Regel 24 Monate) zur Förderung von
Gesundheitskompetenzen zu nutzen.
Sport und Neuroreha
Authors: Mehrholz Jan , Lotze Martin , Menig Alexandra
Published: June 2023

Mittlerweile ist der Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Fitness, kognitiven
Leistungen und dem verminderten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre
Ereignisse sehr gut bekannt und in etlichen Studien dokumentiert. Die
Trainingsparameter Kraft und Schnellkraft aus dem Sport spielen eine wesentliche
Rolle für die Erholung bzw. für die Rehabilitation vieler
neurologischer Erkrankungen. Zur Notwendigkeit des Trainings der Ausdauer und der
Kraft liegen seit einigen Jahren internationale Leitlinien vor. Inzwischen wurden
weltweit zahlreiche Empfehlungen für ein körperliches Training
für Erwachsene mit eindeutigem Bezug bzw. Anreiz zur neurologischen
Rehabilitation ausgesprochen.
Ausdauertraining nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Mehrholz Jan
Published: June 2023

In welcher Hinsicht könnte ein Ausdauertraining grundsätzlich
sinnvoll sein? Der vorliegende Artikel orientiert sich an dieser Frage, liefert
Argumente und Lösungsansätze.
Sporttherapeutische Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen bei Patienten
mit Guillain-Barré-Syndrom
Authors: Schmitt Cosima , Schepmann Julia , Helmich Ingo
Published: June 2023

Das Guillain-Barré-Syndrom (GBS) ist eine akute, entzündliche,
immunvermittelte Polyradikuloneuropathie, die durch Schwäche der
Gliedmaßen und eingeschränkte Motorsensorik gekennzeichnet ist.
Zur Verbesserung der motorsensorischen Funktionen von Patienten mit GBS
müssen Bewegungstherapien mit hoher Intensität und mit
professioneller Anleitung durchgeführt werden. Um die Rehabilitation von
GBS effizient zu gestalten, sollten Kräftigungs-, Ausdauer-, Gang- und
funktionelle Unabhängigkeitsübungen angewandt werden.
Versorgungsforschung in Deutschland in Zeiten von COVID-19: Wie beeinflusst die Pandemie Forschungsprozesse, Methoden und die persönliche Situation von Forschenden? Eine Online-Befragung
Authors: Schnack Helge , Lubasch Johanna Sophie , Zinkevich Anna , Pawel Amelie , Uthoff Sarah Anna Katharina , Ansmann Lena , von Kutzleben Milena
Published: June 2023

Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat nicht nur massive Auswirkungen auf das gesellschaftliche Leben und das Gesundheitssystem, sondern auch auf die Rahmenbedingungen der Versorgungsforschung. Der Einfluss der Pandemie auf Forschungsprozesse, Methoden und die persönliche Situation der Forschenden ist bisher kaum empirisch untersucht. Geleitet von der Frage, wie Forschungsprozesse und Methoden an die Herausforderungen durch COVID-19 angepasst werden und wie Forschende den Einfluss der Pandemie auf ihre persönliche Situation wahrnehmen, wurde von Juni bis Juli 2021 eine Online-Befragung unter Versorgungsforschenden durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich bei einem Großteil der Forschungsprojekte Verzögerungen aufgrund von Problemen bei der Rekrutierung und/oder der Datenerhebung ergeben haben. Von den Antwortenden, die bereits Daten seit Beginn der Pandemie (März 2020) erhoben hatten, konnten knapp zwei Drittel die Datenerhebung in der ursprünglich geplanten Form nicht umsetzen und es wurde vor allem auf digitale Zugänge und Erhebungsmethoden gesetzt. Die Auswertung der Freitexte zeigte, dass die Pandemie sich auf alle Phasen des Forschungsprozesses massiv auswirkt: Zentrale Herausforderungen sind unter anderem der erschwerte Zugang zum Feld, Probleme bei der Erreichung der Fallzahlen und die Sorge um die Datenqualität. In Bezug auf die persönliche Situation beklagen Forschende die Einschränkung persönlicher Kontakte, die damit einhergehende fehlende Sichtbarkeit und gleichzeitig profitieren sie von den niedrigschwelligen digitalen Kontaktmöglichkeiten. Insgesamt zieht die Studie eine erste Bilanz des Einflusses der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die Versorgungsforschung und -forschende. Sie zeigt, dass nach dem ersten „Schock“ mit dem ersten Lockdown im März 2020 durchaus pragmatische und dabei häufig innovative Wege gefunden wurden, Projekte auch unter den Bedingungen der Pandemie durchzuführen. Die in diesem Kontext verstärkte Nutzung von digitalen Kommunikations- und Erhebungsformen bringt zahlreiche Herausforderungen, jedoch auch methodische Impulse mit sich.
Gicht und Adipositas
Authors: Chenot Jean-François , Freyer Martins Pereira Julia , Truthmann Julia
Published: June 2023

Ziel Gicht und Adipositas sind miteinander assoziiert und oft mit einem
schlechten Gesundheitszustand verbunden. Es wird der aktuelle Stand der
Diagnostik, Therapie und Prophylaxe der Gicht unter besonderer
Berücksichtigung der Kontroversen dargestellt.

Methodik Selektive Literatursuche und Zusammenfassung von
Leitlinienempfehlungen.

Ergebnisse Für den akuten Gichtanfall können unter
Berücksichtigung von Komorbidität NSAR, Prednisolon oder
Colchicin empfohlen werden. Für die Prophylaxe werden
harnsäuresenkende Medikamente und Lebensstilmaßnahmen
empfohlen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Evidenz für die Therapie und Prophylaxe der
Gicht beruht auf nur wenigen Studien. Empfehlungen basieren oft vorwiegend auf
empirischen Überlegungen. Für die Gicht und Adipositas werden
ähnliche Lebensstilmaßnahmen empfohlen. Hier sind Public Health
Ansätze sind vermutlich erfolgsversprechender als individualmedizinische
Ansätze.
Adipositas und NAFLD: Assoziation oder
Auslöser?
Authors: Roeb Elke , Tacke Frank
Published: June 2023

Die nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung NAFLD wird als gravierendes
Gesundheitsrisiko westlicher und auch kommender Industrienationen angesehen. Die
Pathogenese der NAFLD und ihr Fortschreiten zu Fibrose und chronischen
Lebererkrankungen ist teilweise noch unklar. Viele Studien zeigen, dass NAFLD
mit einer erhöhten Insulinresistenz (IR) verbunden sein kann. IR,
Fettleibigkeit, niedriges Adiponektin, (postprandiale) Dyslipidämie und
Hyperglykämie sind die Hauptfaktoren, die zu NAFLD führen und
den Verlauf sowie die Progression der Erkrankung beschleunigen. NAFLD kann
Menschen jeden Alters betreffen und scheint bei verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen
unterschiedlich häufig zu sein. Umwelt- und Lebensstil-bedingte Faktoren
wie reduzierte körperliche Aktivität und fettreiche
Ernährung sind gut untersuchte Faktoren für die Entwicklung von
IR-assoziierten Komorbiditäten und NAFLD. Jüngste Studien haben
Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der genetischen Risikofaktoren und Immunantwort in
der NASH-Pathogenese gemacht. Eine Lebensstiländerung in Form von
Gewichtsabnahme, Ernährungsumstellung und körperlicher
Aktivität ist ein wichtiger Therapieansatz. Die medikamentöse
Therapie orientiert sich - bei noch fehlender Zulassung spezifischer NAFLD
Medikamente - an den Begleiterkrankungen (Fettstoffwechselstörungen,
Adipositas, Diabetes) und dem Leberfibrosestadium. Bei ausgeprägter
Adipositas können bariatrische Eingriffe zur Therapie von NAFLD und NASH
durchgeführt werden. Gezielte Eingriffe in die zahlreichen Mechanismen,
die am Fortschreiten von NASH beteiligt sind, sollen insbesondere die
Entwicklung bzw. ein Fortschreiten der Leberfibrose verhindern.
Neue Therapieziele in der Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
– Gewichtsreduktion als co-primäres Therapieziel
Authors: Lautenbach Anne , Schulze zur Wiesch Clarissa , Aberle Jens
Published: June 2023

Gemäß der Empfehlungen des aktuellen Konsensusberichts von ADA
und EASD wird die Bedeutung des Gewichtsmanagements bei der Behandlung der
Hyperglykämie verstärkt in den Mittelpunkt gerückt und
im Behandlungsalgorithmus dem Glukosemanagement gleichgestellt. Auch wenn die
Bedeutung einer Gewichtsabnahme bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit T2D seit
Langem bekannt ist, gilt der aktualisierte Therapiealgorithmus als Wendepunkt in
der Behandlung von Menschen mit T2D. Dieser berücksichtigt, dass
mittlerweile wirksame Substanzen zur Verfügung stehen, die gleichzeitig
den Blutzuckerspiegel senken und zur Gewichtsregulierung beitragen. Der neue
holistische, patientenzentrierte Therapieansatz enthält darüber
hinaus detailliertere Empfehlungen zu Lebensstilmaßnahmen
einschließlich gesunder Ernährung, körperlicher
Aktivität und Schlafqualität und -quantität.
Arzneimittel zur Gewichtsreduktion – aktueller Stand in
Deutschland
Authors: Engeli Stefan
Published: June 2023

Der Einsatz von Arzneimitteln zur Gewichtsreduktion als adjuvante Therapie
zusätzlich zu Ernährungs-, Bewegungs- und
Verhaltensinterventionen wird in den zukünftigen Leitlinien der
Deutschen Adipositas-Gesellschaft auf der Basis der publizierten Evidenz aus
randomisierten kontrollierten Studien und Meta-Analysen klar beschrieben werden.
Im vergangenen Jahr haben sich in Deutschland wieder Veränderungen bei
den zugelassenen Gewichtsreduktionsarzneimitteln gegeben. Der Artikel fasst die
aktuelle Situation in Deutschland einschließlich der derzeitigen
Erstattungssituation im Bereich der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen zusammen.
Method for the Synthesis of 2H-1,4-Benzoxazin-3-(4H)-ones via Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Zhang Lingyu
Published: June 2023

An efficient method for the synthesis of 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-ones via ligand-free copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of substituted chloroacetamides with 2-halophenols has been developed for the first time. Some of the issues typically encountered during the synthesis of 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-ones, including adding noble metals and ligands, poor substrate scope, have been addressed using this newly developed ligand-free copper-catalyzed cascade reaction.
C–H Bond Silylation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Khatua Hillol , Das Subrata , Patra Sima
Published: June 2023

Organosilicon compounds are highly important molecular scaffolds with versatile synthetic utility, and are used in a range of transformations. Such organosilicon compounds are employed in a wide range of research areas, including medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fine chemicals, etc. Moreover, they are commonly encountered in a number of commercial products. However, the preparation of organosilicon compounds by means of traditional methods significantly limit their wider applications. Recently, several new concepts and powerful methods have been developed in order to prepare organosilicon compounds via transition-metal catalysis or without metal catalysis. While many procedures have been reported for the silylation of aromatic systems, methods for the silylation of heteroarenes are scarce. Nevertheless several excellent and robust strategies for heteroarene silylation have been discovered. In this short review, we summarize the different methods, mechanisms and catalyst development for the regioselective silylation of heteroarenes.

1 Introduction

2 Silylation of C–H Bonds through Organometallic Intermediates

2.1 Intermolecular C–H Bond Silylation Assisted by Directing Groups

2.2 Undirected Intermolecular C–H Bond Silylation

2.3 Intramolecular C–H Bond Silylation via a Tethered Silyl Unit

3 C–H Bond Silylation with Silicon Electrophiles

4 C–H Bond Silylation with Silicon Nucleophiles

5 C–H Bond Silylation with Silyl Radicals

6 Other Approaches

6.1 Alkali-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Bond Silylation

6.2 Magnesium-Promoted Reductive C–H Bond Silylation

7 Conclusions and Outlook
Preserving the Role of the Audiologist in a Clinical Technology, Consumer Channel, Clinical Service Model of Hearing Healthcare
Authors: Abrams Harvey B. , Singh Jasleen
Published: June 2023

The past decade has been characterized by significant changes in the distribution and sale of hearing aids. Alternatives to the clinical technology, clinical channel, clinical service (i.e., traditional) hearing healthcare delivery model have been driven by growth in hearing aid dispensaries housed in large retail establishments and direct-to-consumer hearing aid sales by internet-based companies unaffiliated with major hearing aid manufacturers (e.g., Eargo). These developments have been accompanied by acceleration in the growth of teleaudiology services as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting development of nontraditional hearing aid distribution and sales models can be categorized into distinct archetypes as reviewed earlier in this publication. This article will review the Clinical Technology–Consumer Channel–Clinical Service model as exemplified by Jabra Enhance. We will describe a completely digital model of hearing aid distribution and sales that maintains the professional service component throughout the client journey to include an online tone test, the use of a risk mitigation questionnaire, virtual consultations, remote hearing aid adjustments, and the establishment and monitoring of client-centered treatment goals. Furthermore, this article will review the Jabra Enhance model within the context of consumer healthcare decision-making theory with a focus on the Consumer Decision-Making Model.
Sociocultural problems of seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Manisa region (Turkey): a qualitative study
Authors: Köroğlu Muhammet Ali
Published: June 2023

Agriculture is a mode of production that maintains its importance for humanity across all historical periods. Despite the development of technology and the mechanization that comes with it, agricultural labour continues to be the basic element of agricultural production. Seasonal work is one of the most common types of agricultural work, which is shaped by the different production conditions in a country. In Turkey, where agricultural product diversity is quite high due to a favourable climate, most agricultural workers migrate to different regions seasonally for work in agricultural production. Therefore, it is important to evaluate this group’s problems and life experiences from sociocultural and economic perspectives. In this respect, research was carried out using qualitative techniques in the towns of Kavaklidere and Piyadeler in the Alasehir District of Manisa Province. These regions are important seasonal destinations for migrant agricultural workers during harvest periods. These regions produce 1/3 of the seedless raisins in the country. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 seasonal migrant agricultural workers determined by judgemental sampling, and semistructured observations were carried out in the research area. Based on the results of this research, this study reveals that seasonal migrant agricultural workers in the region live at standards far below the general welfare level of society. Workers generally do not have social security. However, seasonal agricultural work for migrants has turned into a regular work- and lifestyle. The most important reason for this situation is poverty in rural areas. The workers are different from the local people in terms of ethnic origin. However, there is a long-standing relationship of trust between the local people and the workers. Workers do not have any problems with wages. These are other factors that ensure the continuity of seasonal agricultural work. In this context, this study proposes that the project (METIP) carried out by the government for seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey should be transformed into an employment-guaranteed national programme that includes solutions for all the problems identified in the field studies.
Pair distribution function analysis for oxide defect identification through feature extraction and supervised learning
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Gong Jie , Chu Sharon , Xiao Daniel Z. , Reeja-Jayan B. , McGaughey Alan J. H.
Published: June 2023

Feature extraction and a neural network model are applied to predict defect types and concentrations in experimental anatase TiO2 samples. A dataset of TiO2 structures with vacancies and interstitials of oxygen and titanium is built, and the structures are relaxed using energy minimization. The features of the calculated pair distribution functions (PDFs) of these defected structures are extracted using linear methods (principal component analysis and non-negative matrix factorization) and non-linear methods (autoencoder and convolutional neural network). The extracted features are used as inputs to a neural network that maps feature weights to the concentration of each defect type. The performance of this machine learning pipeline is validated by predicting defect concentrations based on experimentally measured TiO2 PDFs and comparing the results to brute-force predictions. A physics-based initialization of the autoencoder has the highest accuracy in predicting defect concentrations. This model incorporates physical interpretability and predictability of material structures, enabling a more efficient characterization process with scattering data.
Reversible bonding of microfluidics: Review and applications
Authors: Zhang Y. , Sun K. , Xie Y. , Liang K. , Zhang J. , Fan Y.
Published: June 2023

With the development of microfluidic technology, new materials and fabrication methods have been constantly invented in the field of microfluidics. Bonding is one of the key steps for the fabrication of enclosed-channel microfluidic chips, which have been extensively explored by researchers globally. The main purpose of bonding is to seal/enclose fabricated microchannels for subsequent fluid manipulations. Conventional bonding methods are usually irreversible, and the forced detachment of the substrate and cover plate may lead to structural damage to the chip. Some of the current microfluidic applications require reversible bonding to reuse the chip or retrieve the contents inside the chip. Therefore, it is essential to develop reversible bonding methods to meet the requirements of various applications. This review introduces the most recent developments in reversible bonding methods in microfluidics and their corresponding applications. Finally, the perspective and outlook of reversible bonding technology were discussed in this review.
Slipping instability of an inhomogeneous relativistic electron beam
Authors: Salahshoor Mostafa , Niknam Ali Reza , Shokri Babak
Published: June 2023

The charged particle beams, such as electrons, ions, and plasma compression flow, have received considerable attention due to their applications in science and technology; therefore, studying the stability of these beams is of particular importance. Here, we examine theoretically the stability properties of a cold relativistic electron beam with a transverse velocity shear and non-uniform density profile. We consider a plane-parallel beam propagating along an external magnetic field and evaluate its macroscopic equilibrium state. We derive the dispersion relation of the slipping instability based on the linear electrodynamics of an inhomogeneous plasma and kinetic theory. In this model, the oscillation spectrum and the growth rate are derived by using the eikonal equation and the quasi-classical quantization rule. A linear velocity shear and a non-linear density gradient are assumed. Furthermore, we analyze numerically the dispersion relation of the slipping instability. The impacts of the inhomogeneity parameter and the relativistic factor on the properties of the slipping instability are discussed.
How well can VMEC predict the initial saturation of external kink modes in near circular tokamaks and l = 2 stellarators?
Authors: Ramasamy R. , Hoelzl M. , Henneberg S. , Strumberger E. , Lackner K. , Günter S.
Published: June 2023

The equilibrium code, VMEC, is used to study external kinks in low β tokamaks and l = 2 stellarators. The applicability of the code when modeling nonlinear MHD effects is explored in an attempt to understand and predict how the initial saturation of the MHD mode depends on the external rotational transform. It is shown that helicity preserving, free boundary VMEC computations do not converge to a single perturbed solution with increasing spectral resolution. Additional constraints are applied to narrow down the numerical resolution parameters appropriate for physical scans. The dependence of the modeled (4, 1) kink mode on the external rotational transform and field periodicity is then studied. While saturated states can be identified which decrease in amplitude with increasing external rotational transform, alternative bifurcated states are found, which contradict this trend. As a result, it was not possible to use VMEC alone to identify the physical dependency of the nonlinear mode amplitude on the magnetic geometry. Nevertheless, the accuracy of VMEC solutions is demonstrated by showing that the expected toroidal mode coupling is captured in the magnetic energy spectrum for stellarator cases. Comparing with the initial value code, JOREK, the predicted redistribution of poloidal magnetic energy from the vacuum to plasma region in VMEC is shown to be physical. This work is a first step toward using VMEC to study MHD modes in stellarator geometry.
Shock compression of reactive Al/Ni multilayers—Phase transformations and mechanical properties
Authors: Schwarz Fabian , Spolenak Ralph
Published: June 2023

Reactive multilayers store large amounts of chemical energy, which can be released through a self-sustaining reaction. One way of triggering the self-sustaining reaction is mechanical ignition, which is a prerequisite for designing a self-healing system. For potential integration into various devices, it is important to understand how Al/Ni reactive multilayers behave under shock compression. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to investigate Al/Ni reactive multilayers under shock compression. MD simulations allow for the understanding of what is happening at the atomistic level. Furthermore, they give access to bilayer heights that are difficult to study otherwise. This allows studying the shock wave propagation from bilayer heights of 100 down to 5 nm, while at the same time observing what is happening atomistically. Shock compression is studied both, for interfaces parallel and normal to the shock wave. It is shown that when the shock wave is parallel to the Al–Ni interfaces, there is a clear relationship between bilayer height and effective elastic modulus, which is not true when the interfaces are normal to the shock wave. Furthermore, intermixing of Al and Ni, as a prerequisite for ignition, strongly depends on the bilayer height as well as the impact velocity. Behind the shock wave, a phase transformation occurs, which strongly depends on the impact velocity, with a weak dependence on the bilayer height. Furthermore, void nucleation and fracture are observed, where the voids start nucleating in the Al layers.
Aspect ratio effect on flow past an elliptical cylinder near a moving wall
Authors: Kukreti Saurabh , Singh Nikhil Kumar
Published: June 2023

In this paper, flow over an elliptical cylinder located near a moving wall is investigated numerically to ascertain the effect of aspect ratio (AR) on flow characteristics in terms of wake pattern, separation and stagnation points, and hydrodynamic forces. The two-dimensional simulations span both steady and unsteady flow regimes, where the effect of AR is analyzed in conjunction with other important parameters, such as gap ratio (GR∈ [0.6, 1.2]), Reynolds number (Re ∈ [5, 150]), and angle of attack (AOA∈ [−45°, 45°]). At a low AR = 0.1, significant differences in the wake pattern and critical Re for steady to unsteady wake transition are observed in GR-Re space in comparison with previous results for high AR cylinders. This results from an influence of AR on vorticity convection into the wake. Additionally, the effect of variation in AR from a flat plate (AR = 0) to a circular cylinder (AR = 1) on the wake pattern is discussed and presented in AR-Re space at a low GR. The locations of separation and stagnation points are shown to result from an interplay of AR and wall suppression depicting a low sensitivity to Re with low AR or high wall suppression effect. Subsequently, the effect of AR in conjunction with AOA is analyzed where counterclockwise inclination is observed to reduce wall suppression, while a competing effect arising from the contrasting movements of cylinder bottom and rear side governs the wake pattern for clockwise inclination that is explicit at a certain AR. Eventually, the variations in drag and lift forces with AR for different AOA are characterized.
Atomic scale interface engineering for realizing a perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB-based skyrmion hosting material
Authors: Lee Sang Sun , Ju Tae-Seong , Han Hee-Sung , Im Mi-Young , Kim Changsoo , Moon Kyoung-Woong , Yang Seungmo
Published: June 2023

Néel-type magnetic skyrmions in perpendicularly magnetized systems have attracted considerable interest due to their potential in fundamental research on topological objects and spintronics applications. Various systems have been explored to study Néel-type magnetic skyrmions, including repeated magnetic multilayers, two-dimensional materials, and single magnetic thin-films. Among these, single magnetic thin-films, especially a CoFeB single layer, offers multiple benefits, such as reduced defect energy, high mobility, and easy integration with existing magnetoresistive random access memory technology. However, optimizing CoFeB-based skyrmion hosting materials remains challenging and requires further systematic and comprehensive investigation. In this study, we examine the effect of atomic-scale interface engineering by inserting a Ta layer between the CoFeB/MgO interface on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, saturation magnetization, and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Moreover, we provide a guideline for engineering material parameters and demonstrate the validity of atomic-scale interface engineering. Our findings contribute to the development of optimized CoFeB-based skyrmion hosting materials.
Three-dimensional (3D) moment imaging with a USB3 oscilloscope
Authors: Ranathunga Yasashri , Olowolafe Temitayo , Lee Suk Kyoung , Li Wen
Published: June 2023

We report a new implementation of a recently developed 3D momentum imaging technique [Lee et al. J. Chem. Phys. 141, 221101 (2014)]. The previously employed high-speed digitizer in the setup is replaced by a portable USB3 oscilloscope. A new triggering scheme was developed to suppress trigger jitters and to synchronize the signals from a camera and the oscilloscope. The performance of the setup was characterized in the study of laser desorption/ionization of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid on a velocity map imaging apparatus. A ∼60 picosecond time resolution in measuring time-of-flight is achieved with a count rate of ∼1 kHz, which is comparable to the system using high-speed digitizers. The new setup affords great portability and wider accessibility to the high-performing 3D momentum imaging technique.
Closed-loop fluid–fluid immiscibility in binary lipid–sterol membranes
Authors: Kamal Md. Arif , Polley Anirban , Shabeeb P. K. , Raghunathan V. A.
Published: June 2023

We present two binary lipid–sterol membrane systems that exhibit fluid–fluid coexistence. Partial phase diagrams of binary mixtures of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine with 25-hydroxyxholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, determined from small-angle X-ray scattering and fluorescence microscopy studies, show closed-loop fluid–fluid immiscibility gaps, with the appearance of a single fluid phase both at higher and lower temperatures. Computer simulations suggest that this unusual phase behavior results from the ability of these oxysterol molecules to take different orientations in the membrane depending on the temperature.
Airborne observations over the North Atlantic Ocean reveal the importance of gas-phase urea in the atmosphere
Authors: Matthews Emily , Bannan Thomas J. , Khan M. Anwar H. , Shallcross Dudley E. , Stark Harald , Browne Eleanor C. , Archibald Alexander T. , Mehra Archit , Bauguitte Stéphane J.-B. , Reed Chris , Thamban Navaneeth M. , Wu Huihui , Barker Patrick , Lee James , Carpenter Lucy J. , Yang Mingxi , Bell Thomas G. , Allen Grant , Jayne John T. , Percival Carl J. , McFiggans Gordon , Gallagher Martin , Coe Hugh
Published: June 2023

Reduced nitrogen (N) is central to global biogeochemistry, yet there are large uncertainties surrounding its sources and rate of cycling. Here, we present observations of gas-phase urea (CO(NH
2
)
2
) in the atmosphere from airborne high-resolution mass spectrometer measurements over the North Atlantic Ocean. We show that urea is ubiquitous in the lower troposphere in the summer, autumn, and winter but was not detected in the spring. The observations suggest that the ocean is the primary emission source, but further studies are required to understand the responsible mechanisms. Urea is also observed aloft due to long-range transport of biomass-burning plumes. These observations alongside global model simulations point to urea being an important, and currently unaccounted for, component of reduced-N to the remote marine atmosphere. Airborne transfer of urea between nutrient-rich and -poor parts of the ocean can occur readily and could impact ecosystems and oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide, with potentially important climate implications.
Development of site specific blasting index parameters based on single hole blast test cratering
Authors: Aubertin Jonathan D. , Wimmer Matthias , Sedghi Masoud
Published: June 2023

An experimental method is proposed to assess blasting requirements based on in-situ cratering behavior. The method relies on single hole blast (SHB) tests to derive burden-dependent relationships. A non-linear crater model of the form [Formula: see text] is calibrated from SHB test results to describe the cratering behavior. Parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] represent characteristic blastability index parameters that depend on geomechanical and operational conditions. A series of experimental SHB tests were conducted at three hard rock mines. The craters were mapped to capture the breakout profile and calibrate the model. Results showed that coefficient [Formula: see text] presents an inverse linear correlation with burden [Formula: see text], while exponent s is approximately constant for a considerable range of burden values. Experimental results are used to define burden dependent relationship for bench blast designs and blasthole placement in underground development rounds. A complementary analysis addresses the prevalence of multiple cratering mechanisms according to geology and burden dimension.
Seismic Performance Analysis of the Upper Wood Structure of Guangyue Tower considering the Influence of Walls
Authors: Zhao Jianqiao , Meng Zhaobo , Wang Xin , Wang Dailong , Zheng Shaoyuan
Published: June 2023

Taking the wood structure of Guangyue Tower as the research object, whether to consider the influence of the wall, two finite element models were established. Modal analysis was conducted to obtain its self-oscillation frequencies, and the results were compared with the field test to verify the rationality of the finite element model. The results show that the walls have greater influence on the first three order frequencies of the structure and smaller influence on the higher order frequencies. The seismic response analysis of the two finite element models shows that the peak acceleration of the model with wall is larger than that of the model without wall, and the angle of the relative ground displacement and interstory displacement are vice versa. The angle of the maximum interstory displacement with and without wall is 1/78 and 1/61 respectively, which are less than the standard limit value, thus the structure is safe. The presence of walls make the lateral stiffness of the structure increase and the interstory displacement angle decrease. The presence of the walls make the structural lateral stiffness increase and the interstory displacement angle decrease. The study results provide a theoretical basis for the protection of the wood structure.
Based on the Engineering Practice of Selection of the Dual Mode (TBM - EPB) and Adaptive Effect Evaluation Analysis
Authors: Lei Jun , Peng Bin , Kuang Lijun , Yang Xinwang , Zhang Penghui , Yu Guangming , Luo Weiting , Yang Zihan , Chen Ze , Liu Hao
Published: June 2023

The subway tunnels built in some coastal cities often cross the soft and hard alternating strata, which makes the shield construction more difficult. The single shield mode cannot meet the needs of efficient construction and environmental protection, while the dual mode (TBM-EPB) shield can better adapt to the complex geological conditions of soft and hard alternating, effectively improve the tunneling efficiency of the shield machine, and ensure the safety and timeliness of project construction. Based on the construction practice of the tunnel between Liuxiandong Station and Bai mang Station of Shenzhen Metro Line 13 passing through long distance soft and hard alternating strata, this paper studies the shield machine mode used in the construction of this section, establishes the use of dual mode (TBM-EPB) shield, and conducts the development of a series of key technologies in the construction process such as dual mode conversion, pressure replacement screw conveyor, etc, The adaptability of double mode (TBM-EPB) shield to the long-distance soft and hard alternating strata between Liuxiandong Station and Baimang Station of Shenzhen Metro Line 13 is evaluated. At present, the project has been successfully completed, and its practical experience provides a reference for the promotion and application of TBM-EPB shield in tunnel construction under similar geological conditions.
Numerical Simulations of Soil Liquefaction using PLAXIS 2D
Authors: Mulyadi E D , Lastiasih Y , Li A J
Published: June 2023

One of the most serious and complex phenomena that can occur during earthquakes is soil liquefaction. Since Taiwan is located in the seismic zone of the Pacific Rim, where earthquakes and strong earthquakes occur frequently, the evaluation and prediction of liquefaction have attracted the attention of many authorities, researchers, and engineers in Taiwan. Therefore, in this paper, PLAXIS 2D software was used in conjunction with two model conditions, with and without deep excavation project, and two types of constitutive models, Hardening Soil model with small-strain stiffness (HSS) and UBC3D-PLM, to simulate a series of numerical analyses to predict liquefaction potential. The soil profile of Sanchong District, one of the metropolitan areas in Taiwan considered to be particularly susceptible to soil liquefaction, was selected as the soil profile. The results show that the UBC3D-PLM model has a relatively higher liquefaction potential than the Hardening Soil model with small-strain stiffness (HSS) for the model condition without the deep excavation project. However, the dynamic calculation using UBC3D-PLM model cannot be fully performed for the model condition with the deep excavation project.
Torsional warping analysis of arbitrary beam cross-sections by weak form quadrature elements
Authors: Mao Lingdong , Zhong Hongzhi
Published: June 2023

Torsional warping is essential for modern beam theories. The commonly used finite element method generally suffers from low convergence rates. A weak form quadrature element formulation for torsional warping analysis of beams with arbitrary cross-section is established. Two numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the present formulation. Results demonstrate that the present formulation is of high accuracy and high efficiency.
Study on the Damage Characteristic of Ununiform Corroded SFRC by 3D Mesoscale Numerical Simulation
Authors: Yu Shuo , Cao Miaofeng , Wang Zijuan , Liu Changbao
Published: June 2023

Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) will appear ununiform corrosion under chloride environment, resulting in corrosion-induced crack. However, the mechanism of corrosion-induced crack of ununiform corroded SFRC is not clear. In this paper, the 3D mesoscale numerical model of SFRC structure is established, the generation algorithm of round straight steel fiber is provided, and the corrosion-induced crack are simulated by XFEM, at the end the damage characteristic of ununiform corroded SFRC are studied. The result shows with the increase of rebar corrosion area, the number of corrosion-induced cracks increase gradually. The width of each corrosion-induced crack decreases linearly with the thickness of the protective layer, and the width of the penetrate crack decrease to 0.08 mm~1.2 mm.