bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The second example of Lu:-7 phenotype: serology and immunochemical studies
Authors: Reid M.E. , Hoffer J. , Øyen R. , Tossas E. , Sadjadi M. , Messina G.
Published: May 2021

We describe the second example of red blood cells (RBCs) with the Lu:–7 phenotype in a 37-year-old Latino female (SA). Her RBCs were nonreactive with anti-Lu7 (Mrs. GA) but were reactive with all other antibodies to high-prevalence antigens tested, including those in the Lutheran blood group system. No Lu:–7 RBCs were available for testing. SA’s serum was nonreactive by the indirect antiglobulin test against (1) recessive and dominant Lu(a–b–) RBCs and (2) trypsin-treated or α-chymotrypsin-treated RBCs of common phenotype. By immunoblotting, eluates containing anti-Lu7 from both Mrs. GA and SA reacted with apparently the same bands in RBC membranes of common phenotype as did human anti-Lub, reacted weakly with Lu(a–b–) RBCs of the dominant type, and were nonreactive with SA’s RBC membranes. These findings raise the Lu7 antigen from its Lutheran-related (para-Lutheran) status to a bona fide member of the Lutheran blood group system.
Immunohematology
1996;12:66–68.
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload in orthopedic surgery patients: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Popovsky M.A. , Audet A.M. , Andrzejewski C.
Published: May 2021

Although recognized as a serious complication of hemotherapy, few data are available on the incidence of transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO). Detailed demographic and clinical information was obtained from records of 382 Medicare patients undergoing total hip or knee replacements (and receiving transfusions) from January 1992 to December 1993 at five Massachusetts hospitals. Seventy-eight percent of the patients were women with a mean age of 77 years. Thirty-two percent had co-morbidities including myocardial or coronary disease. Transfusion-related complications and comorbidities were identified and reviewed by transfusion experts. Patients were excluded from consideration if non-transfusion factors such as myocardial disease could have contributed to the development of acute pulmonary edema. Four (3 females, 1 male) patients (1.05%) developed TACO postoperatively. Mean age of these patients was 84 years (range, 75–101) versus 77 years for non-TACO. The mean intraoperative estimated blood loss was 375 mL. Each patient received only 1–2 units of red blood cells prior to onset of TACO, and in two cases only autologous blood was used. The mean positive fluid balance was 2,480 mL. The mean pretransfusion hematocrit prior to circulatory overload (CO) was 26.0 percent. symptoms were reversed with diuretics. Length of stay was significantly prolonged by these incidents. TACO is a frequent and serious event in an orthopedic surgical setting. It is associated with advanced age, increased health care costs, and may occur in the setting of modest transfusion volumes. The utilization of conservative transfusion criteria and fluid management in the perioperative setting may decrease the incidence of this complication in this population.
Immunohematology
1996;12:87–89.
Case report: rapid onset of severe anemia in childhood. A systematic approach to laboratory diagnosis
Authors: Chambers L.A.
Published: May 2021

Evaluation of a patient prompted the systematic review of causes of abrupt onset anemia in children and the development of a protocol for the immunohematologic workup of such cases. The patient, a 3-year-old boy, presented to our institution two weeks following a viral illness with gross hematuria, jaundice, and severe anemia (hematocrit 14.5%). He was found to have a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) due to primarily complement sensitization (2+) with smaller amounts of IgG (weak). A nonspecific cold agglutinin, anti-P1, and a hemolytic biphasic Donath-Landsteiner antibody were demonstrated in his serum, and he was diagnosed with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). The hemolytic anemia resolved with packed red cell transfusions, intravenous immune globulin, and steroid treatment. It was concluded that a complete immunohematologic evaluation, including a DAT, cold agglutinin, and Donath-Landsteiner antibody tests, is pivotal to prompt and accurate assessment of the cause of an abrupt onset of severe anemia in children.
A second example of anti-Esa, an antibody to a high-incidence Cromer antigen
Authors: Reid M.E. , Marfoe R.A. , Mueller A.L. , Arndt P.A. , Sausais L. , Spruell P.
Published: May 2021

A blood sample contained an antibody to a high-incidence antigen that reacted with all red blood cells (RBCs) tested by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). The antibody reacted with papain-, ficin-, and trypsin-treated RBCs, but not with α-chymotrypsin-treated RBCs. This pattern of reactivity suggested the possibility that the antibody was recognizing an antigen in the Cromer blood group system. Tests against RBCs deficient in decay-accelerating factor (which carries the Cromer antigens) were weakly positive. Tests with antibodies to high-incidence Cromer antigens and with RBCs lacking high-incidence Cromer antigens led to identification of the second example of anti-Esa in an Es(a-) person. The antibody was IgGl and reacted by the IAT to a titer of 64. The monocyte monolayer assay indicated potential clinical significance of this antibody in relation to transfusion.
A case of hydrops fetalis, probably due to antibodies directed against antigenic determinants of GP.Mur (Miltenberger class III) cells
Authors: Lin C.K. , Mak K.H. , Yuen C.M.Y. , Chan N.K. , Liu H.W. , Cheng G.
Published: May 2021

The GP.Mur (Miltenberger class III) phenotype was found to occur in about 6.3 percent of Hong Kong (HK) Chinese blood donors. The incidence of antibodies directed against antigenic determinants of GP.Mur cells (anti-Mi) among patients was 0.34 percent, similar to that in Taiwan Chinese. A case of hydrops fetalis probably attributable to maternal anti-Mi was encountered in an HK Chinese woman during her sixth pregnancy. The anti-Mi was potent (titer 512, score 99). It fixed complement and was a mixture of IgG1 and IgG3. Two biological assays, the monocyte monolayer assay and the chemiluminescence test, were strongly positive. The father was found to be heterozygous for the GP.Mur gene.
Analysis of the routine use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an enhancement medium
Authors: Barrett V.J. , Stubbs J.R. , Stuardi K. , Hollis A. , Clear L.
Published: May 2021

This study compared the performance of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low-ionic saline solutions (USS) as enhancement media for routine use in a large transfusion service, A PEG additive solution (PEG plus LISS) was compared to a LISS additive (LISS plus polymers) and to an albumin-indirect antiglobulin test (A-IAT). Fifty serum samples containing clinically significant alloantibodies and fifty samples without alloantibodies were tested. Following an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) involving an anti-K that was not detected with LISS but was retrospectively found to be reactive with PEG, an additional 151 samples received for antibody screening were prospectively evaluated in parallel using PEG and LISS. PEG detected all clinically significant antibodies in the 50 previously tested samples, with mean reactivity scores greater than LISS or A-IAT. In the prospective study, PEG detected 35 clinically significant antibodies and 10 clinically insignificant antibodies, while LISS detected only 15 clinically significant antibodies and 33 clinically insignificant antibodies. PEG appears to increase detection of significant antibodies while decreasing detection of insignificant antibodies. PEG was therefore substituted for LISS as an enhancement medium and has been in routine use for 12 months, with no reported acute or anamnestic HTRs in 6,353 transfusions.
Case report: anti-Cra in pregnancy
Authors: Dickson A.C. , Guest C. , Jordon M. , Banks J. , Kumpel B.M.
Published: May 2021

A 39-year-oId Grenadian multiparous patient presented in the 12th week of pregnancy. Her red cells were found to have the rare Cr(a-) (ISBT Number 202001) phenotype within the Cromer complex, and her serum contained anti-Cra. To date, anti-Cra has not been implicated in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), but there are very few published reports on this topic. This case provided an excellent opportunity for study. The patient’s serum showed no detectable functional activity in in vitro antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays, and no increase in the strength of the antibody during the pregnancy. The newborn infant showed no clinical signs of HDN, and was of normal weight. This case study suggests that anti-Cra is not implicated in HDN.
The first example of anti-Gya detected in Hong Kong
Authors: Mak K.H. , Lin C.K. , Ford D.S. , Cheng G. , Yuen C.
Published: May 2021

The incidence of anti-Gya is known to be extremely rare, and only a few examples have been reported in Japanese persons and in Caucasians. This case history reports the first example of ant?-Gya detected in a Chinese person. The propositus is an 83-year-old male patient whose anti-Gya was revealed because of incompatibility of all units of blood tested by a saline indirect antiglobulin test (SIAT). Although the antibody had a titer of 512 by SIAT, 10 units of Gy(a+) red cells were transfused without any adverse effect.
Flow cytometric phenotyping of platelet HPA-1a antigen: donor screening for a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a antibodies
Authors: Hoffmann J.J.M.L. , Janssen W.C.M. , von Hegedus H.Y.
Published: May 2021

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia can effectively be treated by transfusing compatible platelets to the affected newborn, but typed, compatible platelets are not generally available. For a case of probable neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a, part of the donor population of the regional blood bank was phenotyped to find HPA-1a-negative platelets. A flow cytometric technique was used, which is reliable, rapid, and relatively simple and therefore well suited for large-scale screening. Using this method, several HPA-1a-negative donors were identified, and one of them donated platelets that were successfully transfused to the thrombocytopenic newborn.
Immunohematology
1995;11:125–128.
An improved method for removal of red cell-bound immunoglobulin using chloroquine solution
Authors: Beaumont A.E. , Stamps R. , Booker D.J. , Sokol R.J.
Published: May 2021

In some patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or hemolytic disease of the newborn, the red cells are so heavily coated with immunoglobulin that phenotyping cannot be carried out unless the antibody is removed without destroying the red cell antigens. Studies were performed initially to determine the optimum conditions for removal of immunoglobulin from red blood cells (RBCs) using chloroquine. Group O, R1r RBCs were coated with serial dilutions of anti-D; aliquots were incubated in chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) solution (200 g/L, pH 5.0) at 18°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 37°C, and tested by the antiglobulin technique at intervals of 30 minutes for up to 2 hours, the results being expressed as titration scores. These studies showed that antibody removal was much more efficient at 30°C and 37°C than at 18°C or 25°C. A further series of experiments was then carried out to assess the effect of chloroquine on red cell antigenicity. A 5 percent suspension of RBCs heterozygous for C, D, and E antigens, and for Kell, Duffy, and Kidd antigens, was incubated at 30°C and at 37°C in chloroquine solution. Aliquots were removed at 30-minute intervals for up to 2 hours, tested with serial dilutions of the appropriate antisera, and titration scores obtained. The antigens were well preserved after two hours of chloroquine treatment at 30°C. However, when treatment was performed at 37°C, antigenicity had markedly deteriorated by 60 minutes, although the antigens were still reasonably well preserved (except for Jkb) at 30 minutes. It is therefore recommended that treatment with chloroquine solution prior to typing RBCs heavily coated with antibody should be carried out for 90 minutes at 30°C or for not more than 30 minutes at 37°C.
Immunohematology
1994;10:22.
Investigación en modo 3: Una alternativa para la articulación investigación e intervención en educación superior
Authors: Roa-Mendoza Claudia P.
Published: June 2021

Las funciones sustantivas de la Educación Superior, a saber: docencia, investigación, y extensión, requieren hoy, de formas que les permitan crear vínculos que faciliten su integración no solo con campos disciplinares y profesionales, sino además con escenarios sociales con el fin de aportar respuestas a las demandas de las comunidades. Responder a estas demandas requiere, no solo, de las tres funciones, sino además de pensarse los procesos de intervención. Una alternativa para articular las funciones, puede ser a partir del vínculo investigación e intervención en modo 3 de conocimiento, ya que este permite entre muchas otras cosas ir al lugar de los acontecimientos y del conocimiento, en el cual las comunidades desarrollan su capacidad de agenciamiento y pueden liderar sus procesos de análisis y transformación social.
Una revisión de prácticas educativas expandidas de la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Uribe Zapata Alejandro
Published: June 2021

Este artículo sintetiza una serie de prácticas educativas expandidas de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se divide cuatro apartes. Primero, se define el término de práctica educativa expandida. Segundo, se exploran una serie de iniciativas locales que podrían entrar en esa categoría. Tercero, se introducen otros dos conceptos similares cercanos a estas prácticas. Cuarto, se presentan las conclusiones de este recorrido
REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE ESTUDOS SOBRE COMPUTAÇÃO DESPLUGADA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E SUPERIOR DE 2014 A 2020: TENDÊNCIAS NO CAMPO
Authors: Sassi Sabrina Bourscheid , Maciel Cristiano , Pereira Vinicius Carvalho
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) de publicações científicas sobre Computação Desplugada (CD) na Educação Básica e no Ensino Superior, publicadas de 2014 a 2020 em alguns dos principais meios acadêmicos brasileiros relacionados à Computação e Educação: SBIE, WIE, WCBIE, RBIE, RENOTE, WEI, WIT e ANPED. Para tanto, seguiram-se as etapas definidas no protocolo de pesquisa e a consulta às bases de dados eletrônicos. Dos estudos pesquisados, foram selecionados para análise sessenta e sete que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Os principais resultados indicam que há um aumento nas pesquisas quanto ao uso da CD na Educação Básica, especialmente no Ensino Fundamental e em escolas públicas. A maior parte dos estudos se baseia nas atividades do livro Computer Science Unplugged e em atividades desplugadas autorais. Os conceitos mais trabalhados nos estudos são Algoritmo, Lógica de Programação e Números Binários. A maioria dos estudos analisados são desenvolvidos sem associação explícita a alguma disciplina da Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC).
Penerapan Algoritma Floyd Warshall pada Sistem Informasi Puskesmas Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Vulandari Retno Tri , Hasbi Muhammad , Tristanto Bayu
Published: May 2021

Karanganyar adalah sebuah Kabupaten yang berada di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kabupaten Karanganyar mempunyai Pusat Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama yaitu 21 puskesmas yang tersebar di beberapa kelurahan untuk menjangkau masyarakat sebagai sarana kesehatan tingkat pertama. Masyarakat khususnya para pendatang baru yang belum mengetahui lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar hal ini akan menjadi kendala, sebab luasnya wilayah, lalu lintas yang padat bagi yang belum hafal rute di daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar akan menimbulkan kebingungan untuk menentukan rute perjalanan menuju puskesmas karena tidak tersedia visualisasi tempat, jarak antara puskesmas yang akan dilalui. Maka akan dicari cara untuk membantu mencari lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar supaya informasi yang di cari lebih cepat di dapat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah menemukan dimana letak lokasi puskesmas itu berada dan mampu mempermudah dan memberi akses pada masyarakat yang membutuhkan pencarian lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sistem ini adalah algoritma Floyd-Warshall, dan membutuhkan data melalui pengambilan data dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karanganyar dan observasi langsung mengunakan bantuan media internet serta implementasi ini menggunakan php, MySql server, web, domain dan hosting sebagai sarana pembuatan sistem.        Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa rute terdekat yang terhubung dengan Map Google, yaitu informasi letak lokasi puskesmas dan node-node yang tersebar di Kabupaten Karanganyar yang dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat dalam mencari lokasi puskesmas di Kabupaten Karanganyar.Kata kunci: sistem informasi puskesmas, algoritma Floyd Warshall, rute terdekat.
Limit theorems for generalized perimeters of random inscribed polygons. II
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Simarova Ekaterina N. ,   Leonhard Euler International Mathematical Institute
Published: June 2021

Lao and Mayer (2008) recently developed the theory of U-max statistics, where instead of the usual sums over subsets, the maximum of the kernel is considered. Such statistics often appear in stochastic geometry. Examples include the greatest distance between random points in a ball, the maximum diameter of a random polygon, the largest scalar product in a sample of points, etc. Their limit distributions are related to distribution of extreme values. This is the second article devoted to the study of the generalized perimeter of a polygon and the limit behavior of the U-max statistics associated with the generalized perimeter. Here we consider the case when the parameter y, arising in the definition of the generalized perimeter, is greater than 1. The problems that arise in the applied method in this case are described. The results of theorems on limit behavior in the case of a triangle are refined.
Dynamics modeling and scientific development directions of mechanics and applied mathematics
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Alferov Gennadiy V. , Korolev Vladimir S. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Polyakhova Elena N. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Kholshevnikov Konstantin V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: June 2021

The development of scientific areas of mechanics as a result of the research of the Honorary Professor of St.Petersburg State University, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics Viktor Sergeevich Novoselov, the founder of the scientific school on analytical mechanics, space dynamics and applied mathematics is considered. The main theorems of analytic dynamics were extended to mechanical systems of variable composition. Using a variational technique, a number of remarkable results were obtained on the dynamics of controlled systems. In particular, a general scheme for constructing analytical approximations was proposed and repeatedly applied to solve equations.
Evaluation of physicochemical and trace metal qualities of rainwater in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen Md. Arif , Hoque Asiful , Salauddin M. , Pal Sudip Kumar , Muktadir Mohammad Golam , Jahan Hasin
Published: June 2021

The chemical characteristics of rainwater in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh were investigated in this study in addition to identifying the potential sources of different precipitation constituents, which have often been unexplored or not well covered in the literature. Rainwater pH, major ions and trace metals were measured in samples collected from five different locations with different land-use patterns of the Chattogram Metropolitan area (CMA) during two rainy seasons. The results of this study showed variability in rainwater quality across the sites signifying site-specific influences. The mean concentration of all measured physicochemical parameters, ions and trace metals in rainwater samples was also found to be significantly lower compared with the drinking water quality standard of Bangladesh and WHO guidelines. The correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that and originated from anthropogenic sources, while the average concentration of trace metals found in rainwater was exhibited in the following order: Zn>Cu>Fe>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cd. The findings of this study could be used as a reference to further investigate the influences of industrial, urban and agricultural emissions that regulate the chemical characteristics of the atmosphere in particular areas of study.
Stochastic modeling of gridded short-term rainstorms
Authors: Wu Shiang-Jen , Hsu Chih-Tsu , Chang Che-Hao
Published: June 2021

This study aims to develop a stochastic method (SM_GSTR) for generating short-time (i.e., hourly) rainstorm events at all grids (named gridded rainstorm events) in a region. The proposed SM_GSTR model is developed by the non-normal correlated multivariate Monte Carlo simulation (MMCS) method with the statistical properties and spatiotemporal correlation structures of the four event-based gridded rainfall characteristics. The radar-based rainfall data on 20 typhoon events at 336 grids in a basin located in north Taiwan, Nankan River watershed, are used in the model development and demonstration. The results from the model demonstration indicate that the proposed SM_GSTR model can reproduce a great number of gridded rainfall characteristics, of which, the statistical properties in time and space have a good fit to those from the observations in association with the acceptable deviation; thus, it can reasonably emulate the behavior of the rain field in both time and space. It is expected that the resulting massive rainfall-induced disasters (e.g., inundation and landslide) from the physical-based numerical model with the simulated gridded rainstorms by the proposed SM_GSTR model can be applied to establish an alternative artificial intelligence (AI) model for effectively forecasting the hydrologic variables (e.g., runoff and water-level).
Performance of snow density measurement systems in snow stratigraphies
Authors: Hao Jiansheng , Mind'je Richard , Feng Ting , Li Lanhai
Published: June 2021

Gravimetric and dielectric permittivity measurement systems (DMS) are applied to measure snow density, but few studies have addressed differences between the two measurement systems under complex snowpack conditions. A field experiment was conducted to measure the snow density using the two measurement systems in stratigraphical layers of different densities, liquid water content (LWC), hardness, and shear strength, and the performance of the two measurement systems was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the snow density from the DMS tended to underestimate by 9% in the dry snowpack and overestimate by 3% in the wet snowpack, expressed as the percentage of the mean density from the gravimetric measurement system (GMS). Compared with the GMS, the DMS has relatively low precision and accuracy in the dry snowpack and similar precision and accuracy in the wet snowpack. The accuracy and precision of the two measurement systems increased with the increase of hardness and shear strength of snow in the dry snowpack, but the accuracy and precision measured of the DMSs increased with the decrease of hardness and shear strength of snow in wet snowpack. The results will help field operators to choose a more reasonable measurement system based on snowpack characteristics to get reliable density data and optimize field measurements.
The Model of Responsible Managerial Education in Conditions of Economy Transformation
Authors: Vladimirova I. L. , Kallaur G. Yu. , Tsygankova A. A.
Published: May 2021

Today’s universities’ need to adapt to transformation processes is formed by such phenomena as digitalization and globalization of economy, fast growth in competition in the field of education services, the development of innovation technologies and communication means. Being the foundation of human capital development for all industries of economy the education environment today should meet the acute requirements of labour market in highly qualified workers, foster establishment of strong links with national and international academic communities and successful positioning in global education and professional business-space. Taking into account the UN initiative ‘Principles of Responsible Managerial Education’ (2007), which is considered as an approach to promotion of principles of sustainable development in universities implementing education programs of managerial profile, the university becomes a key element in shaping a new education eco-system. It defined the aim of the present research, which includes analysis of the key trends in the development of today’s system of managerial personnel training and factors that stipulated them on global and national level. On the basis of 25-years’ experience of the chair ‘Management of Capital Group Projects and Programs’ of the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics the authors studied the key stages of transformation processes of developing the system of higher education in Russia in post-soviet period. In conclusion they formulated new characteristics of the model of responsible managerial education being shaped.
The Development of Market Infrastructure in Today’s Russia
Authors: Kozelskaya I. N.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with specific features of market infrastructure development inRussiafor the last five years, including credit and insurance organizations, investment and non-governmental pension funds and retail trade. Market infrastructure formed inRussiain general can provide civilized servicing of market relations, however, the level of development of intermediate institutions is different. The operation of finance and trade intermediaries in today’sRussiais affected both by negative and positive internal and external factors. The most serious impact in the current situation is exerted by COVID-19 pandemic and the slump in global economy caused by it. Intensification of pro-inflation factors forms certain threats for the development of Russian finance market, therefore, it is important to take timely steps aimed at cutting overdue debts of the population and preventing the mortgage bubble forming. The article shows new trends in the development of market infrastructure institutions. By analyzing dynamics of their development it became clear that spreading of corona-virus infection deteriorated figures of their operation, however the accumulated previously safety factor gave them an opportunity to restore their market share and possibilities for further growth. Steps taken by the Bank of Russia and the Government of theRussian Federationaimed at overcoming the adverse consequences of the pandemic and shaping civilized relations on finance and commodity markets provide positive results. It is necessary to strengthen incentives for promising lines in the market infrastructure development, including introduction of digital technologies, extension of on-line trade, which could give certain advantages in the process of economy restoration. Findings of the research can be used by bodies of state power in the process of working-out strategy of developing institutions of market infrastructure and upgrading regulatory tools.
Pharmacologically Active Vanadium Species: Distribution in Biological Media and Interaction with Molecular Targets
Authors: Sanna Daniele , Garribba Eugenio
Published: June 2021

Biospeciation of some of the most studied vanadium (symbol V) complexes with
biological or medicinal activity is discussed in this review in order to emphasize the importance
of the distribution of V species in biological media. The exact knowledge of the
chemical species present in blood or cells may provide essential information regarding the biological
effect of V potential drugs. In blood serum, vanadium species can interact with low (citrate,
lactate, oxalate, amino acids, etc., indicated with bL) and high molecular mass (proteins
like transferrin, albumin, immunoglobulins, etc.) components, while the interaction with red
blood cells can interfere with the transport of these drugs towards the target cells. The interaction
of bLs and proteins is discussed through the analysis of instrumental and computational
data. The fate of the active V species, when these are in the real serum samples and when they
reach and cross cell membranes, is also discussed. The differences in the V complexes selected
in this review (donor atoms, stability, coordination geometry, electric charge, hydrolipophilicity
balance, substituents and redox properties) cover all the possible modes of interaction
with bLs and proteins, allowing for the biodistribution of the studied compounds to be
predicted. This approach could be applied to newly synthesized potential V drugs.
High-throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Pantoprazole and Atorvastatin in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study
Authors: Le Jian , Liao Yuehua , Li Shengni , Chen Xiujuan , Hong Zhanying
Published: June 2021

Background:

Pantoprazole and atorvastatin are often used jointly in the clinic. The drug-drug interaction
of pantoprazole and atorvastatin is worthy of being investigated.

Objective:

A highly rapid, sensitive, and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification
of pantoprazole and atorvastatin in rat plasma.

Methods:

Omeprazole and atorvastatin-d5 were used as the internal standards (ISs) of pantoprazole and atorvastatin,
respectively. Simple protein precipitation was used to extract analytes from 50.0 μL plasma samples.

Results:

The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column and the total chromatographic run time was
3.2 min. Acquisition of mass spectrometric data was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple-
reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode with an ESI source using the transition m/z 384→ 200 for pantoprazole and
m/z 559.4→ 440.2 for atorvastatin, respectively. The method was validated over the concentration range of 20.0 ∼
5000 ng/mL for pantoprazole and 1.00 ∼ 250 ng/mL for atorvastatin. All the validation results, including linearity,
specificity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability, met the acceptance criteria as per
FDA guidelines.

Conclusion:

This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic interaction study in Wistar rats. The results
revealed significant evidence for the drug-drug interaction between pantoprazole and atorvastatin.
Preparation of Optically Active Biphenyl Compounds via an Albumin-
Mediated Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reaction
Authors: Matsumoto Kazutsugu , Kitabayashi Ryota , Fukuchi Naoki , Suka Noriyuki
Published: June 2021

Human serum albumin (HSA) was found to catalyze the asymmetric nitroaldol reaction
of biphenyl aldehydes with nitromethane to afford the corresponding optically active 2-nitro alcohols.
Careful optimization of the conditions for the reaction of 4-phenylbenzaldehyde with nitromethane
in water at a neutral pH improved both the reactivity and the enantioselectivity. Finally, the
reaction of 4-phenylbenzaldehyde (56 mg, 0.30 mmol) in nitromethane (2.8 mL) and water (1.1
mL) using HSA (68 mg) at 5 °C for 240 h gave (R)-1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-nitroethanol in 71%
yield (52 mg), with an ee up to 85% ee. Subsequent recrystallization improved the ee up to 95%.
The reaction was useful in a preparative-scale operation, and the biocatalyst could be reused several
times. The procedure was also applicable to other substrates with different substitution patterns.
Although the nitroaldol reaction of 2-phenylbenzaldehyde with nitromethane proceeded with low
enantioselectivity to afford the corresponding (R)-2-nitroalcohols (35% ee), the reactions of the
substrates bearing Br, Me, OMe, or CN group at the 4'-position of the benzene ring gave the corresponding
optically active compounds with high enantioselectivities (80-88% ee).
CTO in Contemporary PCI
Authors: Farag Mohamed , Egred Mohaned
Published: June 2021

:

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of Chronic Total Occlusions (CTO) represents
the most challenging procedure in modern endovascular treatments. In recent years, the success
rate of CTO PCI has substantially improved, owing to increasing operator expertise and advancements
in CTO equipment and algorithms as well as the development of expert consensus documents.
In this review, we summarize existing evidence for CTO PCI, its success/ risk prediction
scoring tools, procedural principles and complications and provide an insight into the future role of
CTO PCI.
Association Between Imaging Features Using the BI-RADS and Tumor
Subtype in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Young Seon , Ryu Min Jung , Lee Seung Eun
Published: June 2021

Background:

Different molecular breast cancer subtypes present different biologic features,
treatment options, and clinical prognoses. The breast cancer imaging phenotype may help precisely
classify breast cancer in a non-invasive manner.

Objective:

To identify the association between the imaging and clinicopathologic features of invasive
breast cancer according to the molecular subtype.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 313 consecutive women
with breast cancer who underwent surgery between March 2018 and February 2019. Preoperative
imaging studies were also reviewed and the association between the clinicopathologic and imaging
features was evaluated according to the molecular subtype.

Results:

On mammography, the presence of microcalcifications was correlated with the human epidermal
factor receptor 2-positive subtype (67%, 14/21). Luminal A and B tumors were more likely
to have a spiculated margin (57% [63/110] and 41% [34/81]), while human epidermal factor receptor
2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers were more likely to have an indistinct margin
(56% [10/18] and 35% [17/48]). On ultrasonography, luminal A tumors were likely to be depicted
as masses with an irregular shape (85%, 115/136) and spiculated margin (49%, 66/136). On magnetic
resonance imaging, triple-negative breast cancer appeared as a mass (n=13) that frequently
had an irregular shape (62%, 8/13) but was more likely to be oval or round (39%, 5/13) than other
subtypes.

Conclusion:

Some imaging features on mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance
imaging could be useful predictors of the molecular subtype of breast cancer and may aid precision
medicine development for patients with breast cancer according to the subtype.
CT Findings of Pulmonary Metastases from Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Authors: Chen Yan , He Xiang , Shang Jianfeng , Zhang Nan , Li Xiaodan , Liu Jiayi , Xu Lei , Liu Dongting , Li Yu , Sun Zhonghua , Wen Zhaoying
Published: June 2021

Background:

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy with high predilection
to involve surrounding structures such as pulmonary metastases. We analysed the chest computed
tomography (CT) imaging features of patients diagnosed with primary cardiac angiosarcoma with
pulmonary metastases in this study.

Methods:

This study retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with confirmed primary cardiac angiosarcoma,
out of which eight (all men) with pulmonary metastasis were included in the analysis. The
patients’ age ranged from 17 to 74 (mean: 48) years. CT was performed in all patients with unenhanced,
contrast-enhanced, and both scans were done in 1, 3 and 4 patients, respectively.

Results:

Nodular lesions were observed in 7 patients with multiple solid nodules observed in 6 out
of 7 patients. A solitary solid nodule was found in the remaining patient in the upper lobe and apical
segment of the right lung with a diameter of 11.7 mm. All solid nodules were distributed along
with bronchovascular bundles in the lungs, and their maximum diameter ranged from 2.3 to 19.9
mm. Nodules larger than 10 mm in diameter were heterogeneously enhanced on contrast-enhanced
CT images (5/8 patients), whereas those smaller than 10 mm were homogeneously enhanced (3/8
patients). Other imaging features, namely the tree-in-bud pattern, emphysema, pleural effusion, and
mediastinal lymph node enlargement, were observed in 4, 3, 3, and 2 patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

CT enhancement features of pulmonary metastasis in patients with primary cardiac angiosarcoma
depend on the size of pulmonary nodules, with larger ones being heterogeneous and
smaller ones homogeneous. Other signs are less noticed.
Pretreatment with Gallic Acid Mitigates Cyclophosphamide Induced Inflammation
and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Kalantar Hadi , Baharmi Saeed , Kalantari Heibatullah , Kalantar Mojtaba , Goudarzi Mehdi , Mansouri Esrafil
Published: June 2021

Background:

Cyclophosphamide (CP) as an alkylating compound has been widely applied
to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. CP is observed to be nephrotoxic in humans and animals
because it produces reactive oxygen species. Gallic Acid (GA), a polyhydroxy phenolic compound,
is reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective:

The current research aimed at evaluating the GA effect on CP-related renal toxicity.

Methods:

In total, 35 male mice were assigned to 5 groups. Group1: receiving normal saline, group
2: CP group, receiving one CP injection (200 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 6. Groups 3 and 4: GA+CP, GA
(10 and 30 mg/kg; p.o.; respectively) received through six consecutive days plus CP on the 6th day
2 hr after the last dose of GA, group 5: received GA (30 mg/kg; p.o.) for six consecutive days.
Then on day 7, blood samples were collected for determining Creatinine (Cr), serum kidney injury
molecule-1 (KIM-1), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin
(NGAL) concentrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration, Catalase
(CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities,
and IL-1β, TNF-α levels were assessed in renal tissue.

Results:

CP administration significantly increases KIM-1, NGAL, Cr, BUN, MDA, NO, IL-1β,
and TNF-α level. It also decreases GSH concentration, SOD, GPx, and CAT function. Pretreatment
with GA prevented these changes. Histopathological assessments approved the GA protective effect.

Conclusion:

Our results showed that GA is possibly effective as a protective agent in cyclophosphamide-
associated toxicities.
Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Based Babchi Oil Hydrogel Ameliorates
Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis in Swiss Mice: An Impact on Safety and
Efficacy
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Jangir Babu Lal , Rao Rekha
Published: June 2021

Background:

Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease, involves the integration of biological
and molecular events by hyperproliferation of the epidermal keratinocytes and generation of inflammation
markers. Owing to severe complications of synthetic corticosteroids, there is a strong need for a
potential and safe alternative. Babchi oil (natural essential oil; BO) may prove to be a promising natural
agent for psoriasis.

Objective:

The aim of the present work was to investigate the safety and efficacy of cyclodextrin nanosponge
based babchi oil (BONS) hydrogel on skin annexes.

Methods:

Babchi Oil Nanosponge Hydrogel (BONS-HG) was fabricated and evaluated. Cell viability
studies have been carried out on THP1 cell lines to evaluate cytocompatibility. Irritation potential and
in vivo visualization of cutaneous uptake of BONS-HG were carried out using Hen’s Egg Chorioallantoic
Membrane Test (HET-CAM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), respectively.
The nano hydrogel was tested in vivo using imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model.

Results:

The in vitro irritation potential of BONS-HG indicated no sign of erythema or irritation, suggesting
the safety of prepared hydrogel as topical formulation. CLSM studies advocated targeting of
BO to epidermis and dermis. Along with histopathological assessment, evaluation of oxidative stress
markers revealed the significant antipsoriatic activity (p< 0.001) of the prepared BONS-HG.

Conclusion:

The present study amalgamated the advantages of natural essential oil with this approach
for skin targeting and provided an effective and safe topical alternative for psoriasis.
Antenna Evolution for Massive MIMO
Authors: Wang Min , Gerardot Brian  D.
Published: May 2021

Massive MIMO technology is one of the key technologies of the 6G
communication system and the basis of high-speed transmission in the wireless
communication network. At the same time, massive MIMO puts forward new
requirements for antenna devices in the communication system, such as active
integration, miniaturization, broadband, etc. This chapter first reviews the development
process and the latest progress of antenna technology in wireless communication. The
requirement of a 6G communication network for the base station antenna and the
terminal antenna is emphasized. The theoretical basis of massive MIMO technology in
the 6G communication system is described in detail, and RIS technology which is
closely related to massive MIMO, is introduced. The technical characteristics and
development trends of massive MIMO antennas are discussed in detail, including
antenna design and synthesis, feed network, and antenna selection technology. Finally,
combined with the development of current antenna measurement and calibration
technology, the measurement engineering technology closely related to the antenna
feeder industry in 6G communication is introduced.
Tepung Pisang Berlin Unripe Meningkatkan Fungsi Kognitif Tikus Yang Diinduksi High Fat Diet
Authors: Damayati Ratih Putri , Agustin Firda , Febriyatna Ayu
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKKonsumsi lemak yang berlebih berdampak pada ketidakseimbangan sistem saraf utamanya pada otak. PisangÂ  berlin unripe atau unripe banana flour (UBF) mengandung magnesium dan flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian yakni untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung pisang berlin unripe terhadap fungsi kognitif tikus yang diinduksi HFD. Tikus wistar sebanyak 18 ekor dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok tikus normal (K-), kelompok tikus yang diinduksi HFD (K+), dan tikus yang diinduksi HFD+UBF. HFD diinduksi selama 9 minggu dan intervensi UBF diberikan selama empat minggu. Parameter yang diuji yakni kandungan pakan HFD+UBF fungsi kognitif tikus setelah diinduksi HFD (Pretest) dan setelah intervensi UBF (Postest). Pengukuran fungsi kognitif dengan menggunakan labirin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tikus yang diinduksi HFD setelah diberi UBF (posttest) mengalami peningkatan fungsi kognitif dibandingkan sebelum diberi perlakuan UBF (pretest)Â  (P<0,05). Simpulan diperoleh bahwa tepung pisang berlin unripe mampu memperbaiki fungsi kognitif tikus yang diinduksi HFD.Â Kata kunci: HFD, Kognitif, UBFÂ ABSTRACT Excessive consumption of a high-fat diet develops nervous system imbalance, particularly in the brain. Unripe banana flour (UBF) from berlin banana has magnesium and flavonoid content. This research aimed to determine the effect of unripe berlin banana flour on the cognitive function of rats induced with HFD. As many as eighteen white male Wistar rats were divided into normal rats group (K-), HFD-induced rats group (K+), and UBF+HFD-induced rats group. HFD induction was carried out for nine weeks, and UBF intervention was given for four weeks. The parameters tested were HFD+UBF feed content and the cognitive function of rats after HFD induction (Pretest) and after the UBF intervention (Postest). The cognitive function measurement was done using a maze. The results showed that HFD induced rats given UBF (posttest) had increased cognitive function compared to rats before treated with UBF (pretest) (P <0.05). In short, unripe berlin banana flour could improve the cognitive function of HFD-induced rats.Keywords: Cognitive, HFD, UBF
Lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) Juice Potential on Preventing Lipid Profile Aberrations as Alternative to Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.) Juice
Authors: Anggraeny Olivia , Venesa Keshya , Magdalena Nadia , Dame Stefany , Winnie Sylvia , .Nesya Stephani , . Nurdiana
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKHiperlipidemia merupakan penyebab dari berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Mengonsumsi air perasan lemon menjadi tren di Indonesia beberapa tahun ini. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan perbandingan efektivitas air perasan lemon dan jeruk nipis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan profil lemak darah: kolesterol total, low density lipid (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), dan trigliserida (TG) pada tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak, air perasan lemon, dan jeruk nipis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 32 tikus jantan galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok dosis perlakuan air perasan lemon dan jeruk nipis. Didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kadar LDL (P0.151; p<0.05), VLDL (P0.187; p<0.05), TG (P0.216; p<0.05), namun ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada kadar kolesterol total (P0.003; p<0.05). Hewan coba yang diberi perlakuan jeruk nipis memiliki sebagian besar rerata kadar lemak yang tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok perlakuan lemon. Meskipun demikian, kolesterol total pada kelompok jeruk nipis lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok lemon. Konsumsi jeruk nipis tampaknya memiliki kemungkinan menjadi alternatif dari lemon yang lebih murah dan terjangkau untuk mencegah profil lemak yang buruk.Â  Â Kata kunci: lemon, jeruk nipis, kolesterol total, LDL, VLDL, TGABSTRACTHyperlipidemia causes various degenerative diseases. Recently, consuming lemon juice has become a trend in Indonesia to improve blood lipid profiles. This study compared the effectiveness of lemon juice and lime juice. This study aimed to determine differences in blood lipid profile that contains total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG) in rats given High Fat Diet (HFD), lemon juice, and lime juice. This study used 32 white male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into eight treatment groups of lemon and lime juice doses. The results showed no significant differences in LDL (P0.151; p<0.05), VLDL (P0.187; p<0.05), and TG (P0.216; p<0.05), but there were significant differences in total cholesterol levels (P0.003; p<0.05). The experimental animals receiving lime juice had mean scores of lipid levels that were not significantly different from those with lemon treatment. However, the total cholesterol levels among groups given lime juice showed lower levels than the control and lemon treatment groups. Lime consumption seems possible to be a cheaper and affordable alternative to lemon to prevent lipid profile aberrations.Keywords: lemon, lime, TC, LDL, VLDL, TG
Высокоточная характеризация сверхмногопериодных AlGaAs/GaAs-сверхрешеток с помощью рентгеновской рефлектометрии на синхротронном источнике
Authors: Горай Л.И. , Пирогов Е.В. , Свечников М.В. , Соболев М.С. , Поляков Н.К. , Герчиков Л.Г. , Никитина Е.В. , Дашков А.С. , Борисов М.М. , Якунин С.Н. , Буравлев А.Д.
Published: June 2021

The morphology of Al0.3Ga0.7As / GaAs superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy was determined by X-ray reflectometry (including a synchrotron radiation source) and photoluminescence. The thicknesses of the superlattice layers with 100 periods, found using laboratory and synchrotron studies, correlate with an accuracy of ~ 1%. At the synchrotron, beginning with high (> 4−5) Bragg orders, reflection peaks were found that are not observed in measurements with a diffractometer and are apparently associated with the technological features of the growth of such structures. It follows from the analysis that the peaks correspond to modulation in the superlattice with a period 3–5 times greater and characterize the scatter of the thicknesses over the structure depth by several percent.