bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Omics Analysis Of Antiviral Interactions OfElizabethkingia anophelisAnd Zika Virus
Authors: Omme S , Wang J , Sifuna M , Rodriguez J , Owusu NR , Goli M , Jiang P , Waziha P , Nwaiwu J , Brelsfoard CL , Vigneron A , Ciota AT , Kramer LD , Mechref Y , Onyango MG
Published: December 2023

Background

The microbial communities residing in the mosquito midgut play a key role in determining the outcome of mosquito pathogen infection.Elizabethkingia anophelis, originally isolated from the midgut ofAnopheles gambiae, has drawn much attention due to its close association withAedesandAnophelesmosquitoes, primary vectors of dengue virus and malaria parasites, respectively.E. anophelispossesses a broad-spectrum antiviral phenotype, yet a gap in knowledge regarding the mechanistic basis of its interaction with viruses exists.

Methodology/Principal findings

To further understand the antiviral interactions betweenE. anophelisand Zika virus (ZIKV), we utilized a non-targeted multi-omics approach, analyzing lipids, proteins, and metabolites of cell monolayers co-infected with ZIKV andE. anophelis. We further assessed the gene expression of ZIKV when cultured in the presence ofE. anophelis. ZIKV cultured in the presence ofE. anophelisresulted in an attenuated replicative fitness and unproductive virus infection. Further, in this treatment, we observed lower levels of the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) and RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein. Lastly, a significant decrease in arginine levels, an essential requirement for viral replication and progression of viral infection was observed.

Conclusions/Significance

This study provides insights into the molecular basis ofE. anophelisantiviral phenotype. These findings improve our knowledge of how microbes and viruses interact to impact viral replication. In the future, our findings can be utilized to unravel the mechanism behind the antiviral phenotype ofE. anophelis,and this can help develop novel paradigms for viral therapeutics.

AUTHOR SUMMARY

Zika is a re-emerging disease and is endemic in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. It remains a major public health threat and lacks FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines, hence the urgent need for the identification of alternative approaches that limit the transmission of the pathogens by its primary vector,Aedesspp. The microbial communities residing in the mosquito midgut play a key role in determining the outcome of mosquito pathogen infection. Flavobacteria dominates the mosquito midgut includingElizabethkingia, which is a gram-negative bacillus prevalent inAedesandAnophelesspecies of mosquitoes.E. anophelis, a poorly studied midgut microbe, has a broad-spectrum antiviral phenotype, yet the mechanism of its antiviral action is unknown. In this study, we have identified several pathways as well as Zika virus proteins perturbed when the Zika virus is cultivated in the presence ofE. anophelis. Our findings do not only provide insights into microbial, virus interaction but could be harnessed to develop novel antiviral tools.
In silicocharacterization, homology modeling and structure-based functional annotation of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Hsp70 and Hsc70 proteins
Authors: Dayrit Geraldine B. , Burigsay Normela Patricia F. , Vera Cruz Emmanuel M. , Santos Mudjekeewis D.
Published: December 2023

Background

The molecular chaperones known as heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70) and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) are vital for maintaining cellular integrity and controlling stress.

Methodology

TheOn-Hsp70 andOn-Hsc70 proteins from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) have been thoroughly examined in this study usingin silicoanalysis, homology modeling, and functional annotation. Homology modeling was carried out using the SWISS- MODEL program, and the proposed model was assessed for its high reliability through analyses including ProSA, Verify 3D, PROVE, ERRAT, and Ramachandran plot.

Results

The essential features of theOn-Hsp70 andOn-Hsc70 proteins encompass amino acid lengths (640 and 645), molecular weights (70,233.48 and 70,773.17 Da), theoretical isoelectric points (pI = 5.63 and 5.28), and the overall counts of negatively and positively charged residues (95 and 86; 95 and 81). Furthermore, the instability index (II) values were 35.27 (On-Hsp70) and 38.85 (On-Hsc70). Similarly, the aliphatic index (AI) exhibited high values for both proteins, reaching 84.58 (On-Hsp70) and 82.85 (On-Hsc70).On-Hsp70 andOn-Hsc70 were both shown to contain an MreB/Mbl domain.

Discussion

The authors found thatOn-Hsp70 andOn-Hsc70 share key characteristics, including an acidic nature, high stability, and conserved domains. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified the co-chaperone Stip1 as a primary functional partner. Comparative modeling yielded highly reliable 3D models, revealing structural similarity to known proteins and predicted binding sites. Furthermore, the primary subcellular localization of both proteins is the cytoplasm. Functional analysis predicted an AMP-PNP binding site forOn-Hsp70 and ATP binding site forOn-Hsc70.

Conclusion

The discoveries deepen our understanding of Hsc70 and Hsp70 in Nile tilapia, highlighting their importance in fish physiology and positioning them as crucial study topics moving forward. This study adds to our understanding of the actions of these proteins in cellular processes and stress responses, which could impact fish health and resilience.
Sensorimotor Impairment in Ageing and Neurocognitive Disorders: Beat Synchronisation and Adaptation to Tempo Changes
Authors: von Schnehen Andres , Hobeika Lise , Houot Marion , Recher Arnaud , Puisieux François , Huvent-Grelle Dominique , Samson Séverine
Published: December 2023

Background

Understanding the nature and extent of sensorimotor decline in ageing individuals and those with neurocognitive disorders NCD, such as Alzheimer’s disease, is essential for designing effective music-based interventions.

Objective

Our understanding of rhythmic functions remains incomplete, particularly in how ageing and NCD affect sensorimotor synchronisation and adaptation to tempo changes. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap.

Methods

Patients from a memory clinic participated in a tapping task, synchronising with metronomic and musical sequences, some of which contained sudden tempo changes. After exclusions, 51 patients were included in the final analysis.

Results

Participants’ mini-mental state examination scores were associated with tapping consistency. Additionally, age negatively influenced consistency when synchronising with a musical beat, whereas consistency remained stable across age when tapping with a metronome.

Conclusions

The ability to extract a beat from a musical signal diminishes with age, whereas the capacity to maintain a beat remains relatively constant. However, both processes may decline at moderate or severe stages of NCD. Moreover, the results indicate that the initial decline of attention and working memory with age may impact perception and synchronisation to a musical beat, whereas progressive NCD-related cognitive decline results in more widespread sensorimotor decline, affecting tapping irrespective of audio type. These findings underline the importance of customising rhythm-based interventions to the needs of older adults and individuals with NCD, taking into consideration their cognitive as well as their rhythmic aptitudes.

This study was registered atclinicaltrials.gov(NCT04146688).
Pupil dilation reflects effortful action invigoration in overcoming aversive Pavlovian biases
Authors: Algermissen Johannes , den Ouden Hanneke E. M.
Published: December 2023

“Pavlovian” or “motivational” biases describe the phenomenon that the valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: Reward prospect invigorates action, while punishment prospect suppresses it. The adaptive role of these biases in decision-making is still unclear. One idea is that they constitute a fast-and-frugal decision strategy in situations characterized by high arousal, e.g., in presence of a predator, which demand a quick response. In this pre-registered study (N= 35), we tested whether such a situation—induced via subliminally presented angry vs. neutral faces—leads to increased reliance on Pavlovian biases. We measured trial-by-trial arousal by tracking pupil diameter while participants performed an orthogonalized Motivational Go/NoGo Task. Pavlovian biases were present in responses, reaction times, and even gaze, with lower gaze dispersion under aversive cues reflecting “freezing of gaze”. The subliminally presented faces did not affect responses, reaction times, or pupil diameter, suggesting that the arousal manipulation was ineffective. However, pupil dilations reflected facets of bias suppression, specifically the physical (but not cognitive) effort needed to overcome aversive inhibition: Particularly strong and sustained dilations occurred when participants managed to perform Go responses to aversive cues. Conversely, no such dilations occurred when they managed to inhibit responses to Win cues. These results suggest that pupil diameter does not reflect response conflict per se nor the inhibition of prepotent responses, but specifically effortful action invigoration as needed to overcome aversive inhibition. We discuss our results in the context of the “value of work” theory of striatal dopamine.
Sex chromosome dominance in a UV sexual system
Authors: Vigneau Jeromine , Martinho Claudia , Godfroy Olivier , Zheng Min , Haas Fabian B. , Borg Michael , Coelho Susana M.
Published: December 2023

The alternation between multicellular haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes is a defining feature of most plant and algal life cycles. In such organisms, male and female sexes are determined in the haploid gametophyte with a female (U) or male (V) sex chromosome. Once the U and V chromosomes unite at fertilisation, sex determination no longer occurs, raising key questions about the fate of UV sex chromosomes in the diploid sporophyte stage of the life cycle. Here, we unravel the genetic and molecular interactions between the U and V chromosomes by assessing transcriptional and chromatin states across the life cycle of the brown algaEctocarpusalongsideouroborosmutants that decouple life cycle stage from ploidy. We reveal how sex chromosome genes are developmentally regulated across the life cycle, with genes involved in female sex determination in particular undergoing strong down-regulation in the sporophyte. Diploidouroborosmutants containing both a U and V sex chromosome behave as functional male gametophytes yet still exhibit feminized transcription, suggesting that presence of the V chromosome alone is insufficient to fully suppress female developmental program. Although the silencing of sex chromosome genes in the diploid sporophyte does not appear to correlate with localised changes in chromatin state, small RNAs may play a role in the repression of a female sex-linked gene. Finally, we show how histone H3K79me2 is globally re-configured in the diploid phase of the life cycle, including the sex determining region of the UV sex chromosomes. Contrary to its pattern in the haploid gametophyte, H3K79me2 no longer associates with repressed genes in the diploid sporophyte, suggesting that the function of this histone mark inEctocarpusmay be more complex than previously appreciated.
The role of big data in the formation of supply chain platform for new forms of online retail
Authors: Bai Bingfeng , Wu Guohua
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between big data and supply chain platform in China’s retail industry. With the emergence of big data resources and technologies, the business pattern of new retail advocates the combination of online and offline channels. Supply chain platform plays a key role in the implementation of retail activities, which has gradually become a research hotspot in the cross field of operations management and information system.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the method of literature review and case study, this study empirically explores how big data shapes supply chain platform to support new forms of online retail by grounded theory.

Findings

The model framework is validated by reliability test and coding method to process survey materials. The results identify the overall antecedents of supply chain platform and reveal positive effects between big data and new retail. The findings help firm managers build a big data-driven supply chain to support new retail.

Originality/value

There are insufficient studies on theoretical frameworks and interaction relationships among big data, supply chain platform and new retail.
Mental health issues of university librarians: a systematic literature review
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Khan Shakeel Ahmad , Iqbal Abid
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to identify the causes of mental health issues faced by university librarians, to investigate the impact of mental health issues on the job performance of university librarians, and to know about the health activities to maintain mental and physical health.

Design/methodology/approach

The systematic literature review was applied as the research methodology. Forty-three research papers published in peer-reviewed journals were selected to conduct the study.

Findings

The findings of the study revealed that several factors including socio-economic conditions, work stress, stigma, constant fear, lack of self-efficacy, negative thinking, job security problems, strict organizational climate, poor human relations, lack of required job skills, chronic diseases and global pandemics cause mental problems in library professionals. Mental health issues have a negative impact on the job output of librarians. Different activities including emotional health training sessions, physical and mental exercises, social connections, membership of mental health centres, continuing professional development, and self-care training assist in the stability of the physical and mental fitness of librarians.

Originality/value

The study has a societal impact through the identification of different activities for maintaining mental health. It has offered theoretical implications for the investigators to further conduct studies in the area of mental health and librarians. It has also provided managerial implications for management bodies to take fruitful measures for the sound mental health of librarians so that they might carry out innovative library services.
A comparison of the importance of wine supplier quality attributes for on-premise and off-premise wine retail establishments
Authors: Moon Chanwoo , Bonn Mark A. , Cho Meehee
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Given the intensified competitiveness in the wine retail industry, partnering with quality suppliers becomes critical to ensure a steady supply of high-quality products and sustainable business growth. This study aims to explore how wine supplier quality attributes impact wine retail businesses and if such effects differ depending on wine retail types.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from wine purchasing managers in Korea. To validate the proposed relationships, structural equation modeling was used. A multigroup analysis was conducted to test distinct roles of on/off-premise wine retail types within this research framework.

Findings

Results support the significance of supplier quality attributes in shaping the landscape of wine retail businesses. Operational and strategic benefits exhibited a positive effect on both financial performance and suppliers’ relationship satisfaction, thereby improving the intent to continue working with suppliers. This study revealed noteworthy distinctions in the effects of supplier quality attributes on operational and strategic benefits between on-premise and off-premise wine retailers.

Research limitations/implications

Findings provide valuable insights to wine suppliers and buyers concerning the establishment of a mutually beneficial long-term interdependent relationship. The approach sheds light on the unique dynamics of wine retail types, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the distinct roles of supplier quality attributes on on-premise and off-premise retailers.

Originality/value

This study developed an integrative framework, emphasizing the importance of supplier quality attributes in the wine retail industry. This model offers valuable insights into creating favorable buyer–supplier relationships that result in mutual benefits for both wine retailers and suppliers.
Conceptualising accounting as a value-based concept in the context of alternative finance
Authors: Alamad Samir
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the claim that there is no coherent and homogeneous body of concepts and practices that can be classified as “Islamic accounting”.

Design/methodology/approach

The study focuses specifically on Islamic accounting and uses a qualitative historical documentary analysis methodology to study an original manuscript from the 14th century.

Findings

The analysis of the manuscript argues that religious accounting can be seen as a value-based system for achieving social good and that in the context of Islamic accounting, it can be conceptualised as a coherent body of ideas and practices.

Originality/value

Firstly, the study conceptualises Islamic accounting as a homogeneous discipline with its own knowledge, concepts and practices. Secondly, it contributes to current accounting literature by examining an ancient manuscript from the 14th century, which serves as a foundation for understanding the Islamic accounting system within the context of accounting, religion and spirituality. The paper further contributes by arguing that this conceptualisation of religious accounting as a value-based approach enables its practitioners to evaluate their own accountabilities in delivering on socioeconomic objectives related to inter-human/environmental, social and financial transactions within the context of religious accounting practices.
Augmenting machine learning with human insights: the model development for B2B personalization
Authors: Yaghtin Shahrzad , Mero Joel
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Machine learning (ML) techniques are increasingly important in enabling business-to-business (B2B) companies to offer personalized services to business customers. On the other hand, humans play a critical role in dealing with uncertain situations and the relationship-building aspects of a B2B business. Most existing studies advocating human-ML augmentation simply posit the concept without providing a detailed view of augmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how human involvement can practically augment ML capabilities to develop a personalized information system (PIS) for business customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed a research framework to create an integrated human-ML PIS for business customers. The PIS was then implemented in the energy sector. Next, the accuracy of the PIS was evaluated using customer feedback. To this end, precision, recall and F1 evaluation metrics were used.

Findings

The computed figures of precision, recall and F1 (respectively, 0.73, 0.72 and 0.72) were all above 0.5; thus, the accuracy of the model was confirmed. Finally, the study presents the research model that illustrates how human involvement can augment ML capabilities in different stages of creating the PIS including the business/market understanding, data understanding, data collection and preparation, model creation and deployment and model evaluation phases.

Originality/value

This paper offers novel insight into the less-known phenomenon of human-ML augmentation for marketing purposes. Furthermore, the study contributes to the B2B personalization literature by elaborating on how human experts can augment ML computing power to create a PIS for business customers.
Green innovation for sustainable development: leveraging green knowledge integration, blockchain technology and green supply chain integration
Authors: Al-Swidi Abdullah Kaid , Al-Hakimi Mohammed A. , Alyahya Mohammed Saad
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Despite the importance of green supply chain integration (GSCI) in advancing green innovation (GI) is recognized, it remains unclear how firms can translate their GSCI efforts into GI. Therefore, this study aims to understand how GSCI affects GI, with its dimensions (exploitative GI and exploratory GI), as well as to investigate the mediating role of green knowledge integration capability (GKIC) and the moderating role of blockchain technology (BCT) adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of data collected from 247 managers working in Indian firms in the automotive industry, the authors tested the proposed model using the PROCESS macro tool via SPSS software.

Findings

The empirical results indicate that GSCI is positively associated with both exploitative and exploratory GI, with a higher effect on exploitative GI. In addition, GKIC mediates the link between GSCI and exploitative GI in contrast to exploratory GI. Notably, the relationship between GSCI and GKIC is stronger when BCT adoption is high.

Originality/value

This study opens the black box of how GSCI affects exploitative and exploratory GI by revealing the mediating role of GKIC and the moderating role of BCT adoption. It provides valuable insights for practitioners to translate GSCI efforts into GI through developing GKIC and adopting BCT.
Stigma research in Arab countries: a rapid review
Authors: Sweileh Waleed
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing research on stigma in Arab countries.

Design/methodology/approach

A rapid review approach was used, leveraging the Scopus database to identify relevant articles. This streamlined method allows for timely assessments of the current state of knowledge, identifies research gaps and is particularly relevant given the social and cultural dynamics in Arab countries.

Findings

This study identified a growing interest in stigma-related topics in Arab countries, with a notable increase in the number of publications and citations over the past decade. Research focused on various aspects of stigma, including mental health, HIV, COVID-19 and diverse health conditions, shedding light on the prevalent challenges faced by different populations. Additionally, comparative studies highlighted the influence of culture and gender on the expression of stigma in the region.

Practical implications

To combat stigma in Arab countries, this study suggests the need for culturally sensitive interventions, integration of mental health services into health-care systems and the development of public health campaigns. These measures should be designed to protect vulnerable populations and prioritize educational initiatives for both the younger generation and health-care professionals.

Social implications

Reducing stigma in Arab countries is crucial for fostering greater social cohesion, equality and overall well-being. The study underscores the importance of collaborations to adapt successful strategies to the unique Arab context.

Originality/value

This paper fills a crucial research gap by investigating stigma in Arab countries, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive interventions, education integration and international collaboration to combat it effectively.
Microbes and microplastics: Community shifts along an urban coastal contaminant gradient
Authors: Garrison Cody E. , Pachiadaki Maria G. , Soliman Sammer , Helfrich Anthony , Taylor Gordon T.
Published: December 2023

Plastic substrates introduced to the environment during the Anthropocene have introduced new pathways for microbial selection and dispersal. Some plastic‐colonising microorganisms have adapted phenotypes for plastic degradation (selection), while the spatial transport (dispersal) potential of plastic colonisers remains controlled by polymer‐specific density, hydrography and currents. Plastic‐degrading enzyme abundances have recently been correlated with concentrations of plastic debris in open ocean environments, making it critical to better understand colonisation of hydrocarbon degraders with plastic degradation potential in urbanised watersheds where plastic pollution often originates. We found that microbial colonisation by reputed hydrocarbon degraders on microplastics (MPs) correlated with a spatial contaminant gradient (New York City/Long Island waterways), polymer types, temporal scales, microbial domains and putative cell activity (DNA vs. RNA). Hydrocarbon‐degrading taxa enriched on polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride substrates relative to other polymers and were more commonly recovered in samples proximal to New York City. These differences in MP colonisation could indicate phenotypic adaptation processes resulting from increased exposure to urban plastic runoff as well as differences in carbon bioavailability across polymer types. Shifts in MP community potential across urban coastal contaminant gradients and polymer types improve our understanding of environmental plastic discharge impacts toward biogeochemical cycling across the global ocean.
Perspectives on How Robotic Process Automation Is Transforming Accounting and Auditing Services*
Authors: Tiron‐Tudor Adriana , Lacurezeanu Ramona , Bresfelean Vasile Paul , Dontu Adelina Nicoleta
Published: December 2023

The emergence of robotic process automation (RPA) and similar digital technologies is transforming the traditional business models of accounting and auditing services. Such emergence brings valuable benefits. Along with other technologies, RPA represents a significant tool in accounting and auditing services' new digital setting. Despite this, scholarly research on the subject is scarce, particularly concerning the implementation of RPA at accounting and auditing firms. This article provides a literature review of current academic research on RPA in accounting and auditing and proposes future research directions. The review clarifies the use cases of RPA in accounting and auditing. It also reveals that RPA implementation and preparation challenges stem from practical considerations as well as deficits in accountants' applicable education. Thus, the paper is relevant for educators and the accounting profession. Finally, by expanding the discussion of RPA beyond its current focus on accounting and auditing, the authors identify a need for more empirical research on the impact of RPA technology in the post‐implementation stage.
Analysis of the penetration of NaOCl 5.25% into dentinal tubules using different irrigation protocols: An ex vivo study
Authors: Gasparelli Carlos Henrique Carvalhal , Marceliano‐Alves Marília Fagury Videira , Bastos Luan Ferreira , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Limoeiro Ana Grasiela da Silva , Nascimento Wayne Martins , dos Santos Luiz Meton Horta , Boukpessi Tchilalo , Soares Adriana de Jesus , Frozoni Marcos
Published: December 2023

The objective of the study was to investigate the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) penetration into the dentinal tubules after different irrigation methods. Seventy canines were stained with 1% crystal violet and divided into groups (n = 20): GEC—EasyClean; GPUI—E1 Irrisonic ultrasonic insert; GXP—XP‐Endo finisher; GPC—conventional irrigation and GNC—stained tooth without irrigation. Axial sections (16×) were assessed and irrigant penetration was quantified as a bleaching halo on the surface of the apical, middle and coronal third. In the apical third, GPUI promoted greater NaOCl penetration (p < 0.05). GXP was better than GEC (p < 0.05), as was GPC (p > 0.05). The GPUI and GXP groups were similar in the middle and coronal third (p > 0.05). GPUI and GXP showed better results than GEC (p < 0.05). GPUI was more effective in the apical third and like GXP in the cervical and middle third.
The smugness of privilege
Authors: Kulick Don
Published: December 2023

This essay answers the question What good is anthropology? via a discussion of Susan Sontag's review of photographer Diane Arbus's 1972 retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. Sontag asserts that Arbus, in depicting people whom Sontag smugly regards as “ugly,” is necessarily exploiting them. I perceive an exact comparison between Arbus's photographs and anthropology as an epistemological project and a representational practice. Like Arbus's photographs, anthropology is good for subverting the privileged protocol articulated by critics like Sontag, who are prepared to contemplate “ugly” people, vastly different from themselves, but only through an optic of pity or of vicarious indignation at the supposedly unrelentingly grim conditions under which such people are imagined to live their lives.
Anthropology and complicated people
Authors: Edmonds Alexander
Published: December 2023

Revealing complexity in the world—but also creating it—is at the heart of anthropology. It shapes our engagement with theory and ethics, writing and visual style, and choice of research subjects. But does it create blind spots? I respond to this question by discussing studies of violence, and my ethnographic material in progress on British ex‐soldiers. Owing to the ethical norm of suspending moral judgment of our research participants, we tend to avoid portraying their unlikable traits, internal contradictions, or troubling actions that do not advance our arguments. Ethnography often reveals florid complexity in structures or systems, but it creates simpler depictions of the people who inhabit these forms. Yet, since anthropology has long aimed to holistically capture the truth of social life, it should allow more space in ethnographic narrative for complicated protagonists.
Translating the social in complex technology development
Authors: Cefkin Melissa
Published: December 2023

As an anthropologist, I have worked with people in both developing new technologies and managing existing ones. Based on this experience, I suggest that although anthropologically informed perspectives can contribute to technology development—from providing insights on particular cases to raising broader questions about a product's impact on society—the route to doing so is sometimes indirect. In this endeavor, anthropology matters by engaging not just the finished product, when critique is so easily possible, but the process of development, as the work is yet underway. Such engagement is enabled byhowpeople leverage their commitments, stances, and manner of being there along the way and over time. To better enable the impact of anthropology in this work, anthropologists would be well served by engaging more with these kinds of applied questions as a part of their training and knowledge production.
Letter: interpretation of the BESST trial in the context of baseline antidepressant and neuromodulator use—Authors' reply
Authors: Parkman Henry P. ,   NIH Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Parkman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17479 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17800
Minimally invasive liver resection for cholangiolocellular carcinoma: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Kihara Yukari , Takeda Yutaka , Ohmura Yoshiaki , Katsura Yoshiteru , Shinke Go , Kinoshita Mitsuru , Aoyama Shu , Yanagisawa Kiminori , Katsuyama Shinsuke , Ikeshima Ryo , Hiraki Masayuki , Sugimura Keijiro , Masuzawa Toru , Hata Taishi , Murata Kohei
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC) resembles cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) and presents a variety of imaging findings; thus, preoperative diagnosis is often difficult.

Methods

We retrospectively studied patients who were diagnosed with CoCC at the Kansai Rosai Hospital from 2006 to 2021 and treated by laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) or open liver resection (OLR).

Result

Among 918 liver resections, 15 patients were diagnosed with CoCC: 11 underwent LLR and 4 OLR. For LLR and OLR, respectively, patient age was 69.9 ± 6.8 and 72.8 ± 10.6, sex was M/F: 10/1 and 2/2, Child‐Pugh was A/B/C: 10/1/0 and 4/0/0, liver damage was A/B/C: 8/3/0 and 4/0/0, preoperative diagnosis was CoCC/CCC/HCC: 1/2/8 and 2/2/0, pathological stage of Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) was IA/IB/II/IIIA/IIIB/IV: 8/0/2/1/0/0 and 0/0/3/0/1/0 (p = .0312), and extent of liver resection was Hr0/HrS/Hr1/Hr2/: 3/0/5/3 and 1/1/0/2. In LLR and OLR, respectively, operation time was 417.5 ± 191.0 and 407.5 ± 187.9 min, blood loss was 123.3 ± 217.4 and 1385.0 ± 1038.7 mL, and postoperative hospital stay was 12.2 ± 13.7 and 15.0 ± 6.6 days. For stages I and II/III, respectively, the 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 100.0% and 34.3%, and the 5‐year overall survival rates were 100.0% and 55.6%. For stage II/III LLR and OLR, respectively, the 3‐year disease‐free survival rates were 33.3% and 37.5% (p = .8418), and the 5‐year overall survival rates were 66.7% and 50.0% (p = .8084).

Conclusion

Although further studies are still needed to confirm, minimally invasive liver resection without lymph node dissection is one of a safe and effective approach to the management of CoCC.
Red‐pilled mama bears and enlightened power goddesses: Discursive constructions of feminine identities in a conspiracy theory space
Authors: Frejborg Ira , Pettersson Katarina
Published: December 2023

Previous research into the gendered social identity work involved in conspiracy theories (CTs) has largely focused on expressions of masculinity. The present study investigates the employment and mobilization of feminine identities in online Covid‐19 conspiracy theory seminars through a critical discursive psychological perspective. The analysis finds three interpretative repertoires for representing the pandemic: the totalitarianism repertoire, the corrupt medical profession repertoire and the awakening repertoire. The most prominent feminine subject position constructed in relation to these repertoires is a maternal identity that functions as a category entitlement: mothers are represented as having a unique viewpoint on the purported pandemic conspiracy by virtue of their supposed inherent morality and concern for the welfare of children. Mothers are depicted as the cultural reproducers of the group, tasked with keeping the(ir) children safe from the influence of the conspiracy. Moreover, women are persuaded to take part in anti‐conspiracy action by drawing on notions of empowerment, self‐actualization, and sisterhood. These findings suggest that feminine identities, and maternal identities in particular, play a key role in the mobilizing power of CTs.
Continuous tooth replacement: what can teleost fish teach us?
Authors: Huysseune Ann , Witten P. Eckhard
Published: December 2023

Most tooth‐bearing non‐mammalian vertebrates have the capacity to replace their teeth throughout life. This capacity was lost in mammals, which replace their teeth only once at most. Not surprisingly, continuous tooth replacement has attracted much attention. Classical morphological studies (e.g. to analyse patterns of replacement) are now being complemented by molecular studies that investigate the expression of genes involved in tooth formation. This review focuses on ray‐finned fish (actinopterygians), which have teeth often distributed throughout the mouth and pharynx, and more specifically on teleost fish, the largest group of extant vertebrates. First we highlight the diversity in tooth distribution and in tooth replacement patterns. Replacement tooth formation can start from a distinct (usually discontinuous and transient) dental lamina, but also in the absence of a successional lamina, e.g. from the surface epithelium of the oropharynx or from the outer dental epithelium of a predecessor tooth. The relationship of a replacement tooth to its predecessor is closely related to whether replacement is the result of a prepattern or occurs on demand. As replacement teeth do not necessarily have the same molecular signature as first‐generation teeth, the question of the actual trigger for tooth replacement is discussed. Much emphasis has been laid in the past on the potential role of epithelial stem cells in initiating tooth replacement. The outcome of such studies has been equivocal, possibly related to the taxa investigated, and the permanent or transient nature of the dental lamina. Alternatively, replacement may result from local proliferation of undifferentiated progenitors, stimulated by hitherto unknown, perhaps mesenchymal, factors. So far, the role of the neurovascular link in continuous tooth replacement has been poorly investigated, despite the presence of a rich vascularisation surrounding actinopterygian (as well as chondrichthyan) teeth and despite a complete arrest of tooth replacement after nerve resection. Lastly, tooth replacement is possibly co‐opted as a process to expand the number of teeth in a dentition ontogenetically whilst conserving features of the primary dentition. That neither a dental lamina, nor stem cells appear to be required for tooth replacement places teleosts in an advantageous position as models for tooth regeneration in humans, where the dental lamina regresses and epithelial stem cells are considered lost.
Therapeutic potential of SHCBP1 inhibitor AZD5582 in pancreatic cancer treatment
Authors: Ma Zhijian , Gu Qianlin , Dai Yiwei , Wang Qiaoyan , Shi Wengui , Jiao Zuoyi
Published: December 2023

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive and deadly malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Identifying new therapeutic targets and developing effective strategies for PC treatment is of utmost importance. Here, we revealed that SHCBP1 is significantly overexpressed in PC and negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Knockout of SHCBP1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of PC cells in vitro, and suppresses the tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we identified AZD5582 as a novel inhibitor of SHCBP1, which efficiently restrains the growth of PC in cell lines, organoids, and patient‐derived xenografts. Mechanistically, we found that AZD5582 induced the apoptosis of PC cells by inhibiting the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling and preventing the degradation of TP53. Collectively, our study highlights SHCBP1 as a potential therapeutic target and its inhibitor AZD5582 as a viable agent for PC treatment strategies.
Meta‐analysis of risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with bexagliflozin
Authors: McMurray John J. V. , Solomon Scott D. , Lock J. Paul , Massaro Joseph M. , Zhu Fang , Zhou Wenjiong , Skali Hicham , Lewis Eldrin F. , Freeman Mason W. , Halvorsen Yuan‐Di C.
Published: December 2023

Aim

To explore the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) associated with exposure to bexagliflozin.

Methods

The analysis included 4090 participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in nine phase 2 and 3 double‐blind randomized controlled trials. All potential MACE were adjudicated by a blinded committee. The primary endpoint for the meta‐analysis was the hazard ratio (HR) for the time to first occurrence of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for unstable angina (MACE+), tested for non‐inferiority to a ratio of 1.8. The secondary endpoints were time to first occurrence of (i) non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal MI or CV death (MACE), tested for non‐inferiority to a ratio of 1.3; and (ii) CV death or hospitalization for heart failure, tested for superiority.

Results

The HR for the primary endpoint of MACE+ was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58, 1.09), which fulfilled the non‐inferiority objective with a P value of less than 0.0001. Non‐inferiority for the first key secondary endpoint of MACE was also shown (HR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.59, 1.13; P = 0.0023). Superiority for time to CV death or first hospitalization for heart failure was not shown.

Conclusions

Bexagliflozin did not increase the risk of MACE in participants with T2D when compared with placebo or active control. Both the preapproval and postapproval thresholds for CV safety were met and bexagliflozin has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Comparative study of wound outcomes and surgical strategies: Internal fixation versus external stabilization in rib fracture patients with traumatic chest wounds
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Qingqing , Xu Yueping , Xu Yongdong
Published: December 2023

The clinical management of traumatic chest incisions accompanied by rib fractures presents the formidable challenge. The study was carried out to compare the outcomes of auscultatory triangle internal fixation (ATIF) and external fixation (EF) in such injuries. From June 2019 to June 2022, 105 patients with multiple rib fractures participated in the cohort study in which they were divided into two groups: 53 patients underwent ATIF and 52 patients underwent EF. The incidence of surgical site infection, wound healing time, incidence of wound dehiscence, number of dressing changes, pain as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), duration of hospitalization, period of return to work, pulmonary complications and functionality of the upper limbs as assessed by the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were among the parameters evaluated. In comparison with EF, ATIF demonstrated the decreased incidence of wound dehiscence (1.9% vs. 9.6%) (p < 0.05), surgical site infection (3.8 vs. 11.5) and wound healing time (12.3 ± 2.1 vs. 18.5 ± 3.7 days) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, during their ATIF treatment, patients required fewer changes of dressing (3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 5.7 ± 1.2) and demonstrated enhanced pain management, reduced hospital stays and expedited return to work (p < 0.05). ATIF group demonstrated enhancements in both upper limb functionality and post‐operative pulmonary function (p < 0.05). The utilization of ATIF as opposed to EF for the treatment of traumatic chest wounds accompanied by rib fractures yields superior outcomes in terms of wound healing, infection reduction and restoration of pulmonary and upper limb functionality.
Acute care nurses' experience in providing evidence‐based care for patients with laparotomy wounds: A scoping review
Authors: Hulbert‐Lemmel Sarah , Madhuvu Auxillia , Team Victoria
Published: December 2023

To systematically search and synthesise available literature on barriers and enablers to evidence‐based care for patients with laparotomy wounds reported by acute care nurses. Specifically, we focused on wound assessment, infection control techniques, wound products used, escalation of care, dressing application, documentation and holistic care. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist and explanation documents directed the review. The methodology framework created by Arksey and O'Malley, updated by Levac et al., and the Joanna Briggs Institute were utilised to assist the scoping review process. Data synthesis was guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Six qualitative and mixed methods studies were selected for the review. Most reported barriers and enablers were mapped to knowledge, skills, beliefs about consequences, environmental context and resources and beliefs about capability domains. The main barriers were limited access to and utilisation of wound assessment tools and clinical practice guidelines for wound management and suboptimal time management skills. Inconsistent management of laparotomy wounds was related to ward culture and nurses' lack of knowledge and skills in surgical wound assessment and aseptic technique during wound encounters. The reported enablers were knowledge of multi‐factorial risk factors for surgical wound recovery, valuing education and reflective practice and believing that protocols should be utilised alongside comprehensive wound assessments. Holistic wound care included patient education on the role of mobilisation and nutrition in wound healing. Acute care nurses do not routinely incorporate comprehensive, evidence‐based care recommendations for laparotomy wound management. Further research on evidence‐based care behaviours in managing laparotomy wounds is required. The results indicate a need for standardising the practice of laparotomy wound management while acknowledging the current challenges faced in the ward environment.
The knowledge and attitude on the prevention of pressure ulcers in Chinese nurses: A cross‐sectional study in 93 tertiary and secondary hospitals
Authors: Liang Hongyan , Hu Hongyang , Feng Liuqun , Wei Huiyan , Ying Yuai , Liu Yuanfei
Published: December 2023

Although pressure ulcers are related to substantial health burdens, they may be preventable. Since nurses play a fundamental role in pressure ulcer prevention, their knowledge and attitude are of great importance. This study aims to investigate the current situation and associated factors of nurses' knowledge and attitude on the prevention of pressure ulcers from both tertiary and secondary hospitals. A total of 11 347 nurses were recruited including 7108 nurses (62.6%) from tertiary hospitals and 4239 nurses (37.4%) from secondary hospitals. The median (interquartile range) of the pressure ulcer knowledge score was 51% (38%, 90%) for all the participants with the lowest scores on prevention of pressure ulcers (51.33%). The mean (standard deviation) of attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention was 39.64 (4.65) with the lowest scores on personal competency to prevent pressure ulcers (mean 3.09). The results of multivariate linear regression showed that hospital level, nurses' age, years of work experience, initial education level at work and time of last training significantly associated with nurses' knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention. Meanwhile, hospital level, job title, previous training, time of last training and subjective needs for further training had significant association with nurses' attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention (all p < 0.05). Results showed inadequate knowledge but relative positive attitudes in nurses indicating the importance to deliver continuing education and training regarding pressure ulcer prevention in practice to improve the quality of care.
Exploring the impact of TGF‐β family gene mutations and expression on skin wound healing and tissue repair
Authors: Cui Kai , Gong Sunxin , Bai Junfeng , Xue Liangliang , Li Xue , Wang Xiaodong
Published: December 2023

Transforming Growth Factor‐Beta (TGF‐β) signalling pathway is of paramount importance in the processes of wound healing, epidermal integrity maintenance and development of skin cancer. The objective of this research endeavour was to clarify the impact of gene mutations and variations in expression within TGF‐β family on mechanisms of tissue repair, as well as to identify potential targets for therapeutic purposes in non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The methods utilized in this study involved obtaining RNA‐seq data from 224 NMSC patients and paired normal skin tissues from the PRJNA320473 and PRJEB27606 databases. The purpose of the differential gene expression analysis was to identify genes whose expression had changed significantly. In order to evaluate the effects and interrelationships of identified gene variants, structural analysis with AlphaFold and PDB data and network analysis with the STRING database were both utilized. Critical gene expression was externally validated through the utilization of the GEPIA database. Tumour tissues exhibited a notable upregulation of genes associated with the TGF‐β pathway, specifically MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, EGF, COL3A1 and COL1A2, in comparison with normal tissues. As indicated by the central node status of these genes in the network analysis, they play a crucial role in the progression of NMSCs. The results of the structural analysis suggested that mutations might cause functional disruptions. External validation of the upregulation confirmed the expression trends and emphasized the biomarker potential of the upregulated genes. In conclusion, this research offered thorough examination of molecular modifications that occur in TGF‐β family genes, which are linked to cutaneous wound healing and NMSC. The modified expression of the identified hub genes may represent innovative targets for therapeutic intervention.