bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Physical Performance Tests for Evaluating Health in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Banarjee Chitra , Choudhury Renoa , Park Joon-Hyuk , Xie Rui , Fukuda David , Stout Jeffrey , Thiamwong Ladda
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Interdisciplinary evaluation of older adults’ health care is a priority in the prevention of chronic health conditions and maintenance of daily functioning. While many studies evaluate different physical performance tests (PPTs) from a retrospective view in predicting mortality or cardiopulmonary health, it remains unclear which of the commonly used PPTs is the most effective at evaluating the current health of older adults. Additionally, the time and participant burden for each PPT must be considered when planning and implementing them for clinical or research purposes.

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how elements of overall physical capacity, performance, and other nongait factors in older adults affect the results of 3 commonly used tests: the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT).

METHODS

A total of 53 community-dwelling older adults met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (mean age 77.47, SD 7.25 years; n=41, 77% female; and n=21, 40% Hispanic). This study evaluated older adults using 3 different PPTs including the SPPB, 6MWT, and ISWT, as well as constructed multiple linear regression models with measures of physical activity, static balance, and fear of falling (FoF). The nongait measures included 7 days of physical activity monitoring using the ActiGraph GT9X Link instrument, objective measurement of static balance using the BTrackS Balance System, and FoF using the short Fall Efficacy Scale-International.

RESULTS

The models revealed that the complete SPPB provided the most comprehensive value, as indicated by a greater R2 value (0.523), and that performance on the SPPB was predicted by both moderate to vigorous physical activity (P=.01) and FoF (P<.001). The ISWT was predicted by moderate to vigorous physical activity (P=.02), BMI (P=.02), and FoF (P=.006) and had a similar R2 value (0.517), whereas the gait component of the SPPB (P=.001) and 6MWT (P<.001) was predicted by only FoF and had lower R2 values (0.375 and 0.228, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicated the value of a multicomponent, comprehensive test, such as the SPPB, in evaluating the health of older adults. Additionally, a comparison of the 2 field walking tests (ISWT and 6MWT) further distinguished the ISWT as more responsive to overall health in older adults. In comparing these commonly used PPTs, clinicians and researchers in the field can determine and select the most optimal test to evaluate older adults in communities and research settings.
Research on the Development of Shaanxi Red Culture under the View of Metacosmos
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: October 2023

The year 2021 is known as the Year of the Metaverse. Culture entering the meta-universe is an inevitable trend of the times. Based on the meta-universe technology, the commercializability, concrete visualization, and unification of ubiquity and immersion of Shaanxi red culture are conducive to the enhancement of Shaanxi’s local cultural discovery ability and cultural self-confidence. First, to understand the general situation of Shaanxi red culture in terms of spatial and temporal distribution, quantity, and characteristics of the era. Second, to analyze the inevitability of the meta-universe embedded in the development of Shaanxi red culture. Finally, analyze the path of the meta-universe embedded in the development of Shaanxi’s red culture. Among them, the “inner cycle” mechanism includes the process of cultural resources placement, use, feedback and reinforcement, the “inter-cycle” mechanism includes the construction of meta-universe cultural communities within the province and the construction of meta-universe cultural communities within the country, and the “virtual-real cycle” mechanism includes the general situation of the meta-universe embedded in Shaanxi’s red culture development, such as the number of spatial and temporal characteristics. The mechanism of “virtual-real cycle” includes the logical process of digital twinning, virtual-real integration, virtual originality and virtual reality.
Cryptic Echoes and Eternal Shadows: Unveiling Profound Themes in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables
Authors: Nagi Nawal
Published: October 2023

Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The House of the Seven Gables is a masterpiece that looks into a myriad of enduring themes, offering to the readers a lush tapestry of human encounters and social commentary. By means of the Pyncheon family's dark past and the curse that haunts them, Hawthorne examines how the depravities of the past can engender an extensive shadow on future generations, causing moral deterioration and spiritual conflict. The paper attempts to dissect and analyze the themes that pervade the narrative, revealing some significant perceptions and social critiques rooted within the story. It also examines the gender and social expectations delicately woven into the structure of the narrative affording timeless insights into the human predicament and societal dynamics.
Natural Language Understanding of Low-Resource Languages in Voice Assistants: Advancements, Challenges and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: V Kadam Ashlesha
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an exploration of low resource languages and the specific challenges that arise in natural language understanding of these by a voice assistant. While voice assistants have made significant strides when it comes to their understanding of mainstream languages, this paper focuses on extending this understanding to low resource languages in order to maintain diversity of linguistics and also delight the customer. In this paper, the specific nuances of natural language understanding when it comes to these low resource languages has been discussed. The paper also proposes techniques to overcome some of the challenges in voice assistants understanding low resource language models. The proposed methods and future direction presented in this doc are poised to drive advancements in voice technology and promote inclusivity by ensuring that voice assistants are accessible to speakers of underrepresented languages.
México y España: exilio y diplomacia, 1939-1947
Authors: Mejía Flores José Francisco
Published: October 2023

En 2017, con motivo del cuarnta niversario del restablecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y España, asistimos a la revisión de una etapa fundamental en la historia de ámbos países para reconocer con detalle cómo se realizaron las negociaciones que originaron una extraordinaria regularización mexicana con las dos Españas: la Republica del Exilio y la Franquista en la Península a partir de 1947. Los años decisivos para comprender esa particularidad de la política exterior mexicana, sucedieron durante las presidencias de Lázaro Cárdenas, Manuel Ávila Camacho y Miguel Alemán. En ese periodo llega a México un contingente de exiliados republicanos de la Guerra Civil. Además ingresa una serie de agentes franquistas y se evidencia un grupo muy activo de empresarios españoles enfincados en el país con anterioridad a la Guerra Civil; estos últimos, predilectos interlocutores que sirvieron para impulsar el reconocimiento oficial a Franco, que nunca sucedió.
El gobierno militar de Manuel A. Odría en Perú (1948-1956): un vistazo diplomático
Authors: López Portillo Tostado Felícitas
Published: October 2023

Este libro examina el gobierno de Manuel A. Odría, dictadura legitimada con procesos electorales y la anuencia de Estados Unidos, sin olvidar que fue pionero en muchas cuestiones sociales que después fueron retomadas por los gobiernos que le sucedieron, como el encabezado por el general Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975), ése si bien estudiado y rescatado del baúl de la historia como progresista, nacionalista y antiimperialista.
Violento, luego existo. Pandillas y maras en Guatemala
Authors: Reséndiz Rivera Nelly Erandy
Published: October 2023

El barrio 18 y la Mara Salvatrucha proliferan en contextos donde la pruducción de la violencia se agudiza. Las pandillas pertenecen a una realidad dominante de muerte y optan por reproducir relaciones injustas de poder. Estos conjuntos exponen la regularidad del uso de las agresiones en Guatemala, por tanto, los ataques que dirigen a la sociedad, las conductas intergrupales y las embestidas que les propina el Estado y algunos sectores de la población son materia de análisis. Para pensar a las clicas nos preguntamos: ¿qué fines persiguen?, ¿qué lógicas concretas explican su permanencia y cambio? y ¿qué fenómenos se asocian a su presencia? Dichas interrogantes son abordadas en este libro.
LA AMBIGÜEDAD EN LA IMPOSICIÓN DE SANCIONES A LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS. Un obstáculo en el camino para fortalecer la democracia
Authors: Franco Navarro Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

La legislación electoral en México resulta ambigua para sancionar las violaciones que en la materia cometen los partidos políticos, lo cual ha representado que éstos se valgan de ello para cometer infracciones en materia electoral. Por lo que, si bien las sanciones que reciben les representa una disminución en su presupuesto, no ven amenazado su registro como partido político. Por lo anterior, se necesitan reglas más claras para que los partidos políticos en nuestro país, sean verdaderos actores que fortalezcan nuestra democracia.
El Establecimiento de Espacios Exclusivos para el Consumo de la Marihuana en México
Authors: Rojas Montes de Oca Sebastian
Published: October 2023

La legalización del uso recreativo de la marihuana en México aún tiene un largo camino por recorrer. Con las nuevas adecuaciones a la Ley General para el Control del Tabaco son necesarias medidas para garantizar los espacios libres de humo y al mismo tiempo salvaguardar la libertad en el consumo de marihuana, principalmente a través del tabaco, por lo cual la instalación de espacios exclusivos para su consumo resulta una opción para que se cumplan ambos derechos.
Aspectos Teóricos de la Aplicación Estricta. Su Declive como Elemento de Orientación en la Interpretación de la Norma Tributaria y la Adición de la Cláusula Antielusión en el Código Fiscal de la Federación.
Authors: González González Miguel Ángel , Venegas Álvarez Sonia
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se muestra la importancia de contar con instituciones tributarias claras, como es el caso de la aplicación estricta, al tratase de un tema central en el estudio de la interpretación de la norma tributaria. Así, lasreflexiones que se presentan dan cuenta de la escasa utilidad de esta institución como referente hermenéutico en función de que podría ser fácilmente derrotada por construcciones interpretativas. Para realizar lo anterior, se analiza el efecto de la aplicación de las técnicas de disociación, utilizadas por Riccardo Guastini, para conseguir crear lagunas axiológicas en las leyes, así como sus posibles soluciones y consecuencias para la materia fiscal. Asimismo, se hace un análisis de la cláusula antielusión recientemente adicionada en el código fiscal federal y que viene a complementar las reglas de interpretación en esta materia.
El Metaverso y la Inteligencia Artificial (AI). La Pareja Ideal en el Ecosistema de Moda Digital
Authors: Ramírez Espinoza Martha Aurora
Published: October 2023

La Industria de la Moda tradicionalmente se ha regulado y vinculado por conceptos y elementos relacionados con la Propiedad Intelectual, en sus dos manifestaciones: la Propiedad Industrial y el Derecho de Autor. En la actualidad, podemos hablar del Ecosistema de Moda Digital, como un concepto novedoso, que resulta un auténtico parteaguas, que está revolucionando a la moda, desde el momento mismo que es concebida como intelecto creativo por su inventor, hasta el momento de que se efectúan las transacciones comercialesmediante los smart contracts (blockchain). En este complejo proceso, el Metaverso y la Inteligencia Artificial (AI) juegan un papel trascendental respecto de las marcas de alta gama, diseñadores de moda, empresas, las Fashion star up, solo por mencionar algunas, con el objeto de consolidar el e-Commerce de moda a nivel mundial, por lo que estas innovadoras herramientas digitales resultan ser la dupla idónea en esteEcosistema de Moda Digital.
Design of Sepic Converter Using PID Controller
Authors: Susmitha S. Sai , Abhigna D.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) is widely used in battery charging of renewable energy and electric/hybrid vehicles due to its output gains range flexibility,less complex switching design, providing an isolation by capacitor and producing non-inverted output. This project presents a modified PID controller to obtain excellent dynamic performance with zero steady-state error. The controller design is discussed and built in discrete model simulation on MatlabSimulink. The effectiveness of the proposed modified PID control strategy is tested for the transient cases in step-changed reference voltage, and varying input voltages. The results show the proposed controller can reach zero steady-state error and produce lower ripple in voltage.
Ensemble Classification Model for Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Kaur Taranjot , Dagwar Nikhil , Walke Sumit , Pawar Pratik , Chincholkar Anuja
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Brain tumor analysis is essential in timely diagnosis and effective treatment to cure patients. The growth of abnormal cells in the brain is the cause of brain tumors, which can lead to cancer. Brain tumors occur due to uncontrolled and rapid cell growth. If not treated at an initial phase, it may lead to death. The variations in tumor location, shape, and size pose a major challenge for brain tumor detection. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive literature on brain tumor detection through magnetic resonance imaging to help the researchers. In this framework based on deep learning, magnetic resonance images (MRIs) are used to identify and categorize brain tumors. In the first step, we propose a preprocessing approach to work only on a small portion of the image rather than the entire image. These little portions of the images provide a very quick and precise brain tumor prognosis, which aids in giving patients the right treatment. The radiologist can make speedy conclusions thanks to these predictions. In the proposed work, A self-defined artificial neural network (ANN) and a network of convolution neural networks (CNN) are used in the proposed work to detect the presence of brain tumors, and their performance is examined
A Review on Seismic Analysis of RCC and Steel Structures using Linear and Non-linear Static Analysis
Authors: Niraula Badri Prasad , Patel Nirav
Published: October 2023

Abstract: An earthquake can cause significant harm to various aspects, including buildings, general life, and particularly multistory structures. In India, structures constructed in earthquake-prone regions, as defined by IS 1893: 2002, must be designed to withstand the loads, stresses, and consequences of earthquakes. Several techniques are available for assessing multi-story structures in this context, such as the Response Spectrum Method, Equivalent Lateral Force Method, Time History Method, and adhering to specific code provisions. Numerous researchers have undertaken studies to analyze multi-story buildings using one or more of these methods. However, there exists still a confusion about an effective and efficient method preferred for seismic design of multi-story buildings. Among the various approaches, the seismic coefficient method and response spectrum method are the most widely used. This comparative investigation aims to review research reports that have employed the Equivalent Lateral Force Method and Response Spectrum Method to analyze multi-story buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The design response spectrum serves as the initial reference point for most established seismic design and assessment procedures. It primarily dictates the inertia forces that buildings and structures must withstand during an earthquake. This paper aims to introduce and discuss contemporary concepts regarding the creation and utilization of earthquake design response spectra. Additionally, the paper highlights the various methods of seismic analysis being investigated in the past literature. It also gives an overview of various investigations being carried out using linear and non-linear static analysis of RCC structures. Many of the ideas presented are specifically aimed at aiding engineers who work in regions with low to moderate seismic activity. The main objective is to inform engineers about modern approaches to developing response spectra. This knowledge can then be applied effectively in both analytical and design contexts when dealing with earthquake-related challenges
Experimental Investigation on Influence of Binder Constituents on Workability, Strength and Microstructure of SCGC
Authors: HB Monisha , Pati Dr. Nayana N.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The present study investigates the influence of bacteria on varying binder constituents to enhance the workability, strength, and microstructure properties of self-consolidating geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Geopolymer concrete is a sustainable alternative to conventional cement-based concrete, as it utilizes industrial by-products and reduces carbon emissions. The bacterial strains, known for their ability to promote mineral precipitation and improve concrete properties, are introduced in varying proportions to the geopolymer binder constituents. The goal of this experimental investigation is to better understand how Bacillus Cohnii bacteria affect the workability and strength of alkali-activated Self-consolidating Concrete (SCC) mix compositions. Three mix formulations with variable binder contents in the range of 400 kg/m3 and 450 kg/m3 were the subject of experimental research. This research work aims on investigating various binder constituents on Strength, Workability and Microstructure. Three different SCGC mixes were prepared by varying the percentage fly ash and Alcofine in range of 0%, 10%, 30% and 0%, 5%, 5% to the quantity of GGBFS respectively. Alcofine increases final setting time. For all mixes, ambient curing was done. As per EFNARC recommendations, the fresh qualities of SCGC were determined using the Slump test, T50 slump test, L-Box test, V- funnel test, and J-ring test. By conducting compression tests, split tensile tests, and flexure tests after 7, 14 and 28 days, the strength characteristics of SCGC were identified. The SCGC's microstructure and chemical composition were both determined by SEM and EDS analyses, respectively. According to test results, an alkaline solution sample with a 13M concentration and 450 kg/m3 of binder produced the highest compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths after 28 days producing values of 58.32 MPa, 3.5 MPa, and 4.27 MPa, respectively.
Spectrophotometric Method Development for Estimation of Multicomponent Antidiabetic Drugs in Bulk and Solid Dosage Form
Authors: Sayyad Aslam A. , Deshmukh Sanjay B. , Kurhade Ravi U.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The aim of the present study was the development and validation of a simple, precise and accurate UVspectrophotometric method for the estimation of metformin (MET), voglibose (VOG) and pioglitazone (PIO) in bulk and tablet dosage form using methAanol as solvent. The method was proposed in the present work, the maximum absorbance was shown at 236nm for MET, 256nm for VOG and 268nm for PIO. The concentration range was 5-25, 0.2-1 and 2-10μg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.0998, 0.999 and 0.999 for MET, VOG and PIO respectively. The various parameters, such as linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, limit of detection and limit of quantification were studied as per ICH guidelines. Accuracy of the method was verified by performing recovery studies using simultaneous equation method and found to be 100.04-100.48% for MET, 98.70-99.70% for VOG and 98.67-100.27% for PIO indicates good accuracy of the method. Excellent mean recovery studies for precision, repeatability, ruggedness and sensitivity results showed that the method has been validated successfully, the results are also in accordance with the % RSD values obtained within specified limits. The proposed method was applied to the determination of MET, VOG and PIO, the mean % amount was found to be 100.21 (MET), 98.70 (VOG) & 101.28 (PIO) with % RSD values NMT 2.0% indicates the developed method was successfully applied for analysis of marketed formulation. The developed spectrophotometric method can be employed for routine analysis of MET, VOG and PIO in bulk and tablet formulation.
Alcohol Detector with Alert Notification
Authors: Bhawarthi Amruta A. , Katore Abhishek , Kature Soham , Kathar Vallabh , Kaulwar Ajinkya , Katepallewar Prathmesh , Katkar Maitrey
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Drunk driving is believed to be one of the leading causes of road accidents, killing over 1.5 million people annually. A driver who is driving under the influence of alcohol is not only putting his own life at risk but also others too. The aim of our research paper is to avoid these accident rates which have caused due to drinking and driving. This research report suggests a novel and pioneering technique to lessen accidents brought on by drunk driving. With the aid of an Alcohol detection sensor (MQ3) sensor, the system continuously checks the alcohol concentration level, and if it rises above a certain level, it notifies the police via the GSM SIM800L module.
Pulse-efficient quantum machine learning
Authors: Melo André , Earnest-Noble Nathan , Tacchino Francesco
Published: October 2023

Quantum machine learning algorithms based on parameterized quantum circuits are promising candidates for near-term quantum advantage. Although these algorithms are compatible with the current generation of quantum processors, device noise limits their performance, for example by inducing an exponential flattening of loss landscapes. Error suppression schemes such as dynamical decoupling and Pauli twirling alleviate this issue by reducing noise at the hardware level. A recent addition to this toolbox of techniques is pulse-efficient transpilation, which reduces circuit schedule duration by exploiting hardware-native cross-resonance interaction. In this work, we investigate the impact of pulse-efficient circuits on near-term algorithms for quantum machine learning. We report results for two standard experiments: binary classification on a synthetic dataset with quantum neural networks and handwritten digit recognition with quantum kernel estimation. In both cases, we find that pulse-efficient transpilation vastly reduces average circuit durations and, as a result, significantly improves classification accuracy. We conclude by applying pulse-efficient transpilation to the Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz and show that it delays the onset of noise-induced barren plateaus.
Establishing Generalized Rheological Models of Lignin-based Solutions via Molecular Parameters Using Machine Learning
Authors: Luo Zhongfan , Chen Jingjing , Dong Peishi , Zhang Tonghuan , Cao Danyang , Ji Yuanhui , Ji Xiaoyan , Feng Xin , Zhu Jiahua , Lu Xiaohua , Mu Liwen
Published: October 2023

The rheological properties of natural polymer solutions are difficult to
be modeled universally because of the strongly nonlinear relations
between viscosities and the external factors and the discreteness of the
rheological data owning to different molecular parameters including the
molecular weights and size of clusters from different types of natural
polymers and solvents. In this study, a typical natural polymer-lignin
was selected and dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG). The rheological
properties of different PEG-lignin solutions (PEG-Ls) and the molecular
parameters of the pretreated lignin were tested. Subsequently, machine
learning was applied to establish the generalized models considering the
molecular parameters. The models were successfully developed in
Newtonian and non-Newtonian regimes for PEG-Ls with correlation
coefficients of 0.982 and 0.980, respectively. The models and relevant
methodology can provide scenarios for further application of natural
polymer solutions.
Low Loss and High Performance Pseudo-Elliptic Low Pass Filter using a Suspended Stripline Structure
Authors: Silva Denis da , Manêra Leandro
Published: October 2023

A novel ninth-order suspended stripline low pass filter with three
transmission zeros is presented. The technique use a pseudo-elliptic
synthesis with grounding improvements. Suspended stripline low-pass
filters are most widely used for applications that require high
suppression of spurious and harmonic signals, and grounding could affect
stopband rejection. The designed low pass pseudo-elliptic filter has a
cutoff frequency of 2.5 GHz and an insertion loss less than 0.5 dB, and
a stopband from 3.6 GHz to 6 GHz with a rejection better than 60 dB is
achieved.
Unraveling HPV-Associated Cancer Complexity: From Molecular Insights to Innovative Therapies
Authors: Misra Gauri , Dubey Ashwini Kumar , Chand Tara
Published: October 2023

Human cervical, vaginal, vulval, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers
are all caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This review article
focuses on HPV biology, virus-host interactions, cell transformation,
cancer progression, and its co-infection with HIV, HSV, EBV, and other
bacteria in cancer development. It explores HPV vaccination’s role in
preventing high-risk HPV infections and cancers, emphasizes early
detection and screening methods, discusses emerging strategies like
specialized therapies and immuno-based interventions, and considers
personalized medical care for HPV-linked cancers. Comprehensive coverage
includes HPV-associated cancer epidemiology, regional variations, and
India’s unique challenges. The cumulative efforts of scientists
facilitate groundbreaking approaches toward reducing the adverse
consequences of HPV-related malignancies among people and communities.
Differential Expression of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with COVID-19: Implications for Disease Severity and Prognosis
Authors: Huang Junyuan , Xu Xinqiang , Fang Fang , Zhang Haiqi , Lu Weiguo , Liu Jiduo
Published: October 2023

Objective: To investigate the expression patterns and clinical
significance of specific lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of
patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Between December
2022 and February 2023, a cohort of 199 patients from the First
Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were
analyzed. The participants represented various stages of coronavirus
infection severity: mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Additionally,
40 healthy individuals constituted the control group. The FC 500MPL flow
cytometer and associated reagents for flow cytometry. Results:
Compared with the healthy control group, activated B lymphocytes
witnessed a pronounced increase (p < 0.05). A significant
decrease was observed in the levels of Breg, Tc/s, late activated T,
late activated Th, and late activated Tc/s lymphocytes (p <
0.05). Th, initial Th, initial Tc/s, total Treg, natural Treg, induced
Treg, early activated T, and early activated Th lymphocyte levels showed
no significant difference (p > 0.05). As the disease
progressed, there was an uptick in mid-term activated T lymphocytes (p
< 0.05), while Breg, T, Tc/s, senescent Tc/s, and total
senescent T levels dwindled (p < 0.05). Noteworthy patterns
emerged across different groups for B1, T-lymphocytes, Tc/s, B2, CD8+
Treg cells, and other subsets, highlighting variance in immune responses
relative to disease severity. When juxtaposed, no significant difference
was found in the expression levels of lymphocyte subsets between
patients who died and those deemed critically ill (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Subsets of Treg and B-cells could act as yardsticks
for the trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 infection and might have potential in
forecasting patient trajectories. A comprehensive evaluation of
lymphocyte subsets, especially in real-time, holds the key to discerning
the clinical severity in those with COVID-19. This becomes instrumental
in monitoring treatment outcomes, tracking disease evolution, and
formulating prognostications. Moreover, the results provide a deeper
understanding of the cellular immune defense mechanisms against the
novel coronavirus infection.
Applications of single-cell sequencing in upper and lower airway diseases: progress and perspectives
Authors: song cheng , Liu Huifang , Yin Jiali , Yang Yujuan , Xu Xinjun , Yu Jingyi , Luo Xianghuang , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2023

Single-cell sequencing (SCS), including genomic, transcriptomic,
epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolomic sequencing, is a powerful tool
for revealing cellular and molecular landscapes at the level of
single-cell resolution. The use of SCS in upper and lower airway
diseases has revealed numerous intrinsic biological characteristics and
dynamics of airway inflammation, cancer, viral infection, and other
lesions, and has also constructed an immune landscape of health and
disease states. In this report, we review how advances in SCS technology
have increased our understanding of upper and lower airway diseases,
including chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and other
inflammatory diseases, as well as the landscape of airway immune cells
in healthy and pathological conditions. We also discuss the potential
mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity, circulating tumor cells, and tumor
biological behavior. The rapid development of single-cell technology
will further increase our understanding of the biological
characteristics of upper and lower airway diseases and provide precise
treatment targets for patients.
The more slack resources, the better the quality of medical care? The evidence from the public hospitals in China
Authors: Song Xinrui , Junli Zhu
Published: October 2023

Background: In recent years, the scale of Chinese hospitals and
the resources they occupy are in a situation of rapid expansion. Whether
these resources are conducive to improving the quality of medical care
remains to be studied. Methods: The DEA model and the panel
regression model were used to analyze the slack resources status and to
study the relationship between slack resources and the quality of
medical care. Results: First, from 2015 to 2018, slack
resources was on the rise in 23 hospitals, with a significant reduction
in 2019. Second, low-risk mortality decreased from .014% to .003% when
slack resources increased from 0 to about .225. However, the low-risk
mortality rate increased to .086% when slack resources increased to
about .577. Conclusions: There is an inverted U-shaped curve
relationship between slack resources and the quality of medical care in
public hospitals in China. A small number of slack resources in the
hospital is conducive to the improvement of the quality of medical care,
but when it increases to a certain amount, it will be detrimental to the
quality of medical care.
The Operating Efficiency of Jilin's Grade III Level A Hospitals Before and After Reform Policy using DEA-Malmquist and Tobit Regression.
Authors: Xu Jiaying , Feng Tianyu , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Ming , Gao Shang , Yu Xihe
Published: October 2023

Purpose In order to evaluate the effect of The Public Hospital
Reform Policy (PHRP) implemented by Jilin Province in 2017 on improving
the operational efficiency of public grade III level A hospitals (3A
hospitals) and analyse the items in the policy that play a significant
role in improving the efficiency of 3A hospitals, this research analyses
whether the PHRP implemented can achieve the expected effect and help 3A
hospitals improve their operations. Materials and methods The
data comes from the annual health financial summary system of the Health
Commission of Jilin Province.The Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was
used to analyse the operational efficiency of 3A hospitals. The
Malmquist index was used to support DEA findings. Tobit regression was
used to analyse the impact of various reform projects in the PHRP on the
operational efficiency of 3A hospitals. Results The PHRP has
played a positive role in the operational efficiency of 3A hospitals.
After the implementation of the PHRP, the average size efficiency score
increased to 0.934, the average technical efficiency score increased by
0.063 and the average overall efficiency score improved by 0.086 of the
twenty-two 3A hospitals. However, the effect is limited. Controlling the
proportion of drug revenues in 3A hospitals is significantly helpful to
the improvement of their operational efficiency, but the rise of
patients’ treatment expenses has not been effectively controlled.
Conclusions PHRP has had a positive effect on controlling drug
revenues in 3A hospitals and the next step in the policy should be to
find ways to reduce treatment costs to further improve efficiency in 3A
hospitals.
Effectiveness of Fractionated Rituximab in Preventing Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma: Insights from Real-Life Clinical Practice
Authors: Lang Noémie , Mohamad Jasmine , Bouroumeau Antonin , McKee Thomas , Mach Nicolas , Samii Kaveh , Chamuleau Martine , Stenner Frank , Tamburini Jerome
Published: October 2023

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening condition caused by the
rapid destruction of malignant cells, leading to imbalances in
electrolytes and posing risks such as acute kidney injury, arrhythmia,
and seizures. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence
of TLS in a cohort of 94 patients with advanced-stage aggressive B-cell
malignancies treated with fractionated rituximab, along with usual TLS
preemptive measures such as hyperhydration and urate-lowering
treatments. The study found that TLS occurred in seven patients, with
one case classified as clinical TLS (cTLS) and six as laboratory TLS
(lTLS). The incidence of TLS was higher in patients with Burkitt
lymphoma compared to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. TLS occurrence did
not significantly influence survival outcomes in this cohort. Comparison
with other datasets showed similar TLS rates in patients with high-grade
B-cell lymphoma. These findings contribute to the understanding of TLS
in B-cell malignancies, highlighting the potential of fractionated
rituximab as a debulking approach to manage TLS risk that warrants
further investigation in prospective trials.
Integrated SegFlow, µSIA and UPLC for online sialic acid quantitation of glycoproteins directly from bioreactors
Authors: Chemmalil Letha , Kulkarni Tanmay , Raman Mathura , Singh Priya , Qian Yueming , Chumsae Chris , McHugh Kyle , Huang Zhuangrong , Hodgman C. Eric , Borys Michael C. , Ding Julia , Li Gloria , Leon Anthony
Published: October 2023

Monitoring and controlling of sialic acid contents in glycoproteins such
as erythropoietin (EPO), interferon-γ, Orencia, Enbrel and others are
critical to achieve desired therapeutic benefits. The pharmacokinetics
(PK) profile of asialoglycoprotein is known to impact protein clearance
with its uptake by hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) and
subsequent physiological clearance. The ASGPR recognizes and binds to
glycoproteins with exposed terminal galactose or N-acetyl galactosamine
residues to undergo receptor mediated endocytosis. Recent studies have
demonstrated that sialylation of O-linked-glycan plays a role in
protecting against macrophage galactose lectin (MGL) mediated clearance.
In addition to the impact on serum half-life, sialylation can influence
other clinical performances including immunogenicity, potency, and
cytotoxicity. Therefore, the level of sialic acid is a critical quality
attribute (CQA) and has become a regulatory requirement to monitor and
regulate sialylation to ensure desired clinical performance. To achieve
consistent levels of sialic acid in certain therapeutics, the harvest
decision as well as the ionic strength of downstream process buffer
composition is dependent upon the sialic acid content. Therefore,
utilization of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools for generating
real-time or near-real-time sialic acid content is a business-critical
requirement. The work presented here demonstrating the utility of an
integrated system consisting of a micro-sequential Injection Analyzer
(µSIA) interfaced with SegFlow and a UPLC to enable near-real-time
online sialic acid measurements. The fully automated architecture
exemplifies the execution of online sampling, automatic sample
preparation and subsequent online UPLC analysis. Carefully orchestrated
such framework is in alignment with the requirements of PAT to support
QbD-driven continuous bioprocessing.
Accuracy of ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes for Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Leonard Stephanie , Jotwani Anjali , Lyell Deirdre , Butwick Alexander , Rwigi Wanjiru
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of ICD-10 codes for
placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Design: Validation study.
Setting: Quaternary obstetric center in the U.S.
Population: Patients who had a delivery or dilation and
evacuation between October 2015 and March 2020. Methods: We
reviewed medical records of patients who were (1) assigned an ICD-10
code for PAS (O43.21-O43.23), (2) had a histopathologic diagnosis of
PAS, and/or (3) underwent a cesarean delivery with subsequent review of
placental pathology. Main Outcome Measures: Sensitivity,
specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of
the ICD-10 PAS code assignments. Results: Among 22,345
patients, 104 (0.46%) had an ICD-10 code for PAS and 51 (0.23%) had a
histopathologic diagnosis of PAS. ICD-10 codes for PAS had a sensitivity
of 88% (95% CI: 76-96%), specificity of 97% (95% CI: 91-99%),
positive predictive value of 43% (95% CI: 34-53%), and negative
predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 96-100%). The sensitivities of the
individual ICD-10 codes for placenta accreta, increta, and percreta were
72% (95% CI: 47-90%), 47% (95% CI: 21-73%), and 67% (95% CI:
41-87%), respectively. Based on chart review, primary reasons for code
misassignment included code assigned at referral for PAS ultrasound
evaluation (28%) and code assigned based on antenatal imaging alone
(27%). Conclusion: The sensitivity, specificity, and negative
predictive value of ICD-10 codes for PAS were overall high, but the
positive predictive value was moderate. These findings suggest that
ICD-10 codes may be useful for research and surveillance of PAS, but
opportunities may exist to improve accuracy.
The Synergistic Effects of Glacier Degradation and Oasis Expansion Affect Future Water Security Risks in Southern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ni Mingxia , Polat Muhtar , Sun Tingyu , Xia Jianxin
Published: October 2023

Global warming has led to significant glacier retreat around the Tarim
River Basin. This has resulted in a rise in water resources in southern
Xinjiang. Meanwhile, the development of human society has driven a
substantial increase in water consumption. This has disrupted the
regional water supply-demand balance, making the risk of water resource
stress more prominent. Given the characteristics of water resources
utilization in arid areas and taking into account the changing trends in
precipitation, glacial meltwater, and runoff, along with population and
economic development, we employed the water stress index method to
assess the current situation and potential future changes in water
stress in the three regions of southern Xinjiang. The results indicated
the following: The synergistic effects of precipitation and glacial
meltwater have significantly increased river runoff, resulting in
increased available water. The total water demand in the Aksu and
Kashgar regions has shown a substantial increase, while the Hotan region
has experienced a decrease. The Aksu and Kashgar regions have exhibited
an upword trend in water stress, while the Hotan region has seen some
relief. Nevertheless, all the three regions still face high water stress
levels. In comparison to the historical period (2000-2020), the
available water and total water demand are projected to increase during
the next four periods (2030s, 2050s, 2070s and 2090s) under the SSP2-4.5
and SSP5-8.5 scenarios of the CMIP6 model. Notably, the Aksu region is
expected to face increasing water stress, indicating a significant risk
of water scarcity and insecurity in the future.
Personality Traits and Job Performance of Police: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Zakaria Norlida Zakirai , Osman Idris , Noranee Shereen
Published: October 2023

This paper's primary focus lies in the examination of the correlation between personality traits and job performance within the specific realm of law enforcement, with a particular emphasis on the police force. Policing holds a crucial role within the broader criminal justice system, and it is marked by unique challenges, including the significant stress and pressures faced by police officers during their duties. Over recent years, scholarly interest in exploring various facets of policing has grown. The overarching objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature about personality traits and their interplay with job performance within the context of police work. To achieve this, the study employs the PRISMA methodology and conducts comprehensive searches within reputable databases, namely Scopus and Web of Science, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. By undertaking this research, the aim is to furnish valuable insights into how personality traits impact the job performance of police officers. These findings have the potential to offer meaningful contributions to the enhancement of law enforcement practices and the formulation of more effective policies within the field of policing.
Empowering Whistleblowing Policy within Public Listed Companies: Current Practice in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Ali Nor Aishah , Mahat Zaleha , Abdullah Zaharah , Basri Siti Aisyah , Johari Norhanizah
Published: October 2023

Whistleblowing is an act of disclosing any unethical or questionable act within an organization by disclosing them to individuals, the public or authorities that could influence the wrongdoing. It became an important part of the corporate governance process as such action would benefit society and the organization. With the increase in whistleblowing cases involving publicly listed companies (PLCs) by the mass media in Malaysia, there is a dearth of information on to what extent these PLCs manage whistleblowing matters. As a general practice, albeit not compulsory, many publicly listed companies disclose whistleblowing statements in their annual report. As this aspect of corporate governance for the employees is still unexplored, this study purports to explore the form of disclosure on whistleblowing policy by publicly listed companies in Malaysia for the financial year ending 2021.  This study is a content analysis of 918 annual reports of companies listed in Malaysia.  The findings reveal that most of the companies disclosed matters relating to whistleblowing policies in their Statement of Corporate Governance section, established whistleblowing policies, and mentioned the importance of whistleblowing activities within sections in their annual reports. This study focuses on companies’ annual reports. Future studies could be conducted to assess whistleblowing disclosure in other mediums such as the official websites of the companies. The study explored the aspect of corporate governance for the employee as practiced within publicly listed companies in Malaysia. The findings revealed the companies’ best practices for promoting transparency and accountability within organizations.
Improved forearm rotation even after early conversion to below-elbow cast for non-reduced diaphyseal both-bones forearm fractures in children: a secondary 7.5-year follow up of a randomized trial
Authors: Musters Linde , Diederix Leon W , Edomskis Pim P , Roth Kasper C , Benner Joyce L , Kraan Gerald A , Allema Jan H , Reijman Max , Eygendaal Denise , Colaris Joost W
Published: October 2023

Background and purpose: previous RCT compared short-term results of above-elbow cast (AEC) with early conversion to below-elbow cast (BEC) in children with non-reduced diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures. After 7 months both groups had comparable function. Our primary aim was to investigate whether forearm rotation improves or worsens over time. Secondary aims were loss of flexion and extension of the elbow and wrist, patient-reported outcomes measures, grip strength ratio, and radiographic assessment.Patients and methods: We performed long-term follow-up (FU) of a previous RCT. All patients were invited again for the long-term FU measurements. Primary outcome was limitation of forearm rotation. Secondary outcomes were loss of flexion and extension of the elbow and wrist compared with the contralateral forearm, the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, grip strength ratio, and radiographic assessment.Results: The mean FU was 7.5 (4.4–9.6) years. Of the initial 47 children, 38 (81%) participated. Rotation improved in both groups over time, with no significant difference in the final forearm rotation: 8° (SD 22) for the AEC group and 8° (SD 15) for the BEC group with a mean difference of 0° (95% confidence interval –13 to 12). Secondary outcomes showed no statistically significant differences. Finally, children < 9 years almost all have full recovery of function.Conclusion: Long-term follow-up showed that loss of forearm rotation after a non-reduced diaphyseal both-bone forearm fracture improved significantly compared with that at 7 months, independent of the initial treatment and children aged < 9 will have almost full recovery of function. This substantiates that the remaining growth behaves like a “friend” at long-term follow-up.
Sphingomyelinases as modulators of synaptic transmission
Authors: Gafurova Chulpan R. , Petrov Alexey M.
Published: October 2023

The brain has a high content of sphingomyelin, which is involved in the formation of plasma membranes and myelin, and is also an important for the organization of membrane microdomains (lipid rafts). Lipid rafts, as well as derivatives of sphingomyelin hydrolysis (ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate), are vital for synaptic transmission and its regulation. One of the main pathways to control the level of sphingomyelin and its derivatives is cleavage of membrane sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinases.
Sphingomyelinases are localized inside the cell (in association with the plasma membrane, in lysosomes, endosomes, Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum) as well as can be secreted into the extracellular space. The levels and activity of sphingomyelinases significantly increase under the action of various stressful stimuli (including inflammation). At the same time, sphingomyelinase activity deficiency causes diseases with severe neurological manifestations.
In the present review, we summarized the data on the currently known effects of acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases on pre- and postsynaptic processes, as well as about the synaptic localization of sphingomyelinases. In addition, a brief analysis of possible synaptic dysfunction due to hypo- or hyperfunction of sphingomyelinases in a number of neurological diseases is given. Thus, sphingomyelinases are considered as important modulators of synaptic transmission at the pre- and postsynaptic levels in normal and pathological conditions.