bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profhilo® Structura, Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Practical Review
Authors: Forte Riccardo , Salti Giovanni , Tateo Antonello
Published: July 2024

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based injectables continue to grow in popularity and are used worldwide to improve facial changes associated with aging. Profhilo® Structura (IBSA Farmaceutici Italia, Lodi, Italy) is a novel HA-based product that uses nano hybrid complex of hyaluronic acid (NAHYCO)® technology to create hybrid cooperative complexes consisting of high and low molecular weight HA. Profhilo® Structura’s high concentration (45 mg of total HA) and rheological properties (ie, viscosity [resistance to flow] and elasticity [stickiness]) have been specially formulated to restore facial adipose tissue. Because of their early involvement in the facial aging process, the superficial medial and lateral-temporal cheek fat compartments are good candidates for treatment. However, recommendations and guidelines are necessary to ensure that treatment is safe and effective. Three experts were invited to IBSA Farmaceutici Italia Srl to discuss clinical rationale, optimal injection techniques, and clinical outcomes for treating the superficial medial and lateral-temporal cheek fat compartments with Profhilo® Structura. These techniques were developed using patients presenting with either initial hypotrophy of fat compartments within the preauricular area (ie, sinkers) or jowl sagging due to hypotrophy within the preauricular and zygomatic areas (ie, saggers). Targeting these areas using the optimal injection site can maximize product diffusion and minimize the risk for vascular compromise. Targeting these areas also leads to lateral tightening and lipolifting effects due to adipose tissue restoration. The experts agreed that Profhilo® Structura is currently the first and only HA-based injectable treatment that can integrate and restore the adipose tissue in these affected fat compartments.
A Rare Atypical Intrapericardial Prostate Adenocarcinoma Metastasis With 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Moreau Aurélie , Tabutin Mayeul , Bouhamama Amine , Kryza David
Published: July 2024

We report the case of an 88-year-old man recently diagnosed with prostate cancer. The patient underwent a 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen–11 PET/CT for staging assessment. This examination revealed intense and expected uptake in the primary prostate cancer, widespread metastatic involvement including typical adenopathy and bone metastasis, and a less common pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Most notably, we discovered a rare intrapericardial metastasis, which is an atypical site for metastasis in general and particularly for prostate adenocarcinoma.
An Evaluation of the Presence of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Information on Plastic Surgery Residency Program Websites
Authors: Cummings Olivia , Iheanacho Franklin , Gibson Jasmine , Araia Ermias , Ademuwagun Lydia , Charvis Jodi Sutherland , Tanzer Joshua , McIntire Damon , Kalliainen Loree
Published: July 2024

Background

Increasing the diversity of plastic surgery trainees is an important step in providing optimal care for our increasingly diverse patient populations. Given that information presented on residency programs' websites can strongly influence applicants' decisions to apply to or rank a program, demonstrating a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) on program websites may aid in recruiting applicants with URM background.

Methods

Using 8 DEI-related criteria, we evaluated the websites of 103 plastic surgery residency programs for the presence of DEI-related content during the month of June 2022. Each program was evaluated by 2 individual graders. We analyzed the data with confirmatory factor analysis in R using the Lavaan package.

Results

On average, programs fulfilled 2.1 ± 1.6 of the metrics with a range of 0–7 fulfilled per program. Our model revealed that the criteria were a high-quality (P < 0.0001) measure of DEI-related metrics. There was a significant association between program size and presence of DEI-related criteria (linear 0.039; quadratic −0.005; both P < 0.01), such that mid-sized programs (16–18 residents) had the highest quality of DEI advertising compared to both small and large programs. Programs associated with a USNWR Top 20 Hospital were less likely to achieve high level of DEI-related criteria than other programs (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Mid-sized programs had greater DEI quality on their websites, while smaller and larger programs similarly had poorer assessed quality. There is room for all programs to improve the presence of DEI-related material on their websites, especially related to care of transgender populations.
Evaluation of Porcine-Derived Collagen Membranes for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Slavin Blaire V. , Stauber Zachary M. , Ehlen Quinn T. , Costello Joseph P. , Tabibi Orel , Herbert Justin E. , Mirsky Nicholas A. , Nayak Vasudev Vivekanand , Daunert Sylvia , Witek Lukasz , Coelho Paulo G.
Published: July 2024

The use of porcine-derived collagen membranes (PDCM) to improve intraoral soft tissue rehabilitation remains under investigation. Different degrees of crosslinking have yielded differences in resorption time and inflammation surrounding collagen membranes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of bilayered PDCMs with varying degrees of crosslinking for the regeneration of oral soft tissue defects. Bilateral split-thickness oral mucosa defects were created in mandibles of beagles (n=17) and assigned to one of the following: bilayer PDCM (high crosslinking porcine dermis in sheet form—H-xlink) and (low crosslinking porcine dermis in sheet form—L-xlink), bilayer PDCM (non-crosslinked predicate collagen membrane in spongy form—Ctrl), or negative control (Sham) and compared with positive control (unoperated). Animals were euthanized after 4-, 8-, or 12-weeks of healing to evaluate soft tissue regeneration and remodeling through histomorphometric analyses. H-xlink membranes presented delayed healing with a poorly developed epithelial layer (analogous to the sham group) across time points. Relative to Ctrl at 8 and 12 weeks, defects treated with H-xlink presented no difference in semiquantitative scores (P > 0.05), while L-xlink exhibited greater healing (P = 0.042, P = 0.043, at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively). Relative to positive control, L-xlink exhibited similar healing at 8 weeks and greater healing at 12 weeks (P = 0.037) with a well-developed epithelial layer. Overall, groups treated with L-xlink presented with greater healing relative to the positive control after 12 weeks of healing and may serve as an alternative to autologous grafts for intraoral soft tissue regeneration.
Trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene contamination: A review of
toxicity, analytical methods, occurrence in foods, and risk
assessment
Authors: Akinboye Adebayo J. , Lee Hyegyeong , Lee Joon-Goo
Published: July 2024

Polychlorinated hydrocarbons are continuously released into the environment from
various industrial processes. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene, PCE) are of primary concern because of their large-scale
production, wide industrial application, poor biodegradability, and tendency to
circulate in the air and water. The common routes of human exposure to these
compounds include inhalation, ingestion, and dermal adsorption. Additionally,
they have been detected in various plant foods. Prolonged exposure to these
contaminants is associated with certain risks. They are carcinogenic and have
other toxic effects, including gastrointestinal, developmental, neurological,
and hematological toxicity. To analyze these contaminants, they are generally
extracted from various matrices, followed by instrumental analysis. Gas
chromatography, often in combination with different detectors, is the most
widely used analytical method. This review covers the toxicity, analytical
methods, occurrence in foods, and risk assessment of these contaminants.
Flavor identification and analysis of fermented soybean
pastes
Authors: Lee Da-Na , Lee Kyung-Min , Lee Sung-Eun , Kim Tae-Oh
Published: July 2024

Soybean paste is a staple food used to make doenjang (DE),
cheonggukjang (CGJ), and miso (MI). In
this study, solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry was used to identify volatile components in DE, CGJ, and MI, and
principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine their correlation
between soybean pastes. Esters and hydrocarbons accounted for more than
55% of the total volatile components. PCA showed that esters were highly
correlated with DE; pyrazines were correlated with CGJ; and alcohols were highly
correlated with MI. Because DE, CGJ, and MI are made of the same material, their
overall volatile content tended to be similar. However, the main volatile
components and fragrances were different. These findings will be used as basic
research data to promote quality improvement of soybean-based fermented foods in
Korea and Japan.
A circular economical application of eggshell waste as a bio-filler
in the fabrication of gum Arabic composite film
Authors: Oredokun-Lache Blessing A. , Ibrahim Esther B. , Oluwafemi Adekemi G. , Erifeta Georgina O. , Josiah Sunday J. , Oluba Olarewaju M.
Published: July 2024

The poultry industry faces disposal difficulty in waste, but recent advancements
in material science and sustainability have enabled the innovative
transformation of waste into valuable resources. In this study, eggshell (EC)
was added as a bio-filler to gum Arabic (GA) to fabricate a GA-EC bio-composite
film. Bio-composites containing 0.5 g (GA-EC0.5) and 1.0 g
(GA-EC1.0) EC dispersed in 30 mL of 15% GA solution were
fabricated and characterized using standard analytical techniques. The
GA-EC0.5 composites showed significantly higher moisture content,
transparency, water solubility, and water vapor permeability but lower tensile
strength and thermal stability than GA-EC1.0. Following a
post-harvest wrapping of tomato fruits with the GA-EC composite films and
storage at 25±2°C for 20 days, significant (p>0.05)
reductions in weight loss, pH, lycopene content, and activities of polyphenol
oxidase and pectin methylesterase compared to unwrapped fruits were recorded.
Adding EC to GA has enabled the fabrication of composite films with improved
mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties with potential application in the
post-harvest storage of tomato fruits.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory efficacy of
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L22-FR28 (KACC 92513P)
isolated from infant feces and its Oenanthe javanica
ferments
Authors: Kwak Seoyeon , Gwon Hee-Min , Yeo Soo-Hwan , Kim So-Young
Published: July 2024

The purposes of this study were to isolate the potential
Lacticaseibacillus spp. from the feces of infants before
weaning, to investigate the safety of antibiotics resistance and
beta-haemolysis, and to evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory
effects between the selected strains and Oenanthe javanica
(Oj) fermented by them. As a result of analyzing the
intestinal microbial community among the stools of four infants, the genus
Bifidobacterium was the most dominant, but
Lacticaseibacillus (L.)
rhamnosus was the most frequently isolated because of the
easy culture. Nine test strains, including Lactobacillus
rhamnosus LGG (ATCC 53103) as the positive control, were sensitive
against 8 kinds of antibiotics without vancomycin in comparison with the cut-off
values at the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and there was no hemolysis.
In the antibacterial activity experiment, the Lacticaseibacillus
rhamnosus L22-FR28 (L28, KACC 92513P) strain and
Oj+L28 ferment showed significantly (p<0.05)
higher activities than LGG against Bacillus cereus and
Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, these decreased the
activity of the NF-kB/AP-1 transcription factor and inhibited the nitric oxide
and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) produced in macrophage RAW cells
stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Consequently, the L.
rhamnosus L28 strain and Oenanthe
javanica+L. rhamnosus L28
(Oj+L28) ferment selected with the high
anti-inflammatory effect will improve health functionality after more research,
such as the verification of animal level and identification of mechanism on an
anti-inflammatory.
Gamma irradiation and subsequent storage reduce patulin content in
apple juice
Authors: Yun Hyejeong , Kim Dong-Ho , Kim Jung-Ok , Lee Gee-Dong , Kwon Joong-Ho.
Published: July 2024

Patulin has been reported as a risk factor in various foods, especially apple
juice. This study monitored residual patulin and polyphenolic content in apple
juice during post-irradiation storage conditions. Response surface methodology
(RSM) was applied to monitor the changes in dependent variables (Yn, patulin,
and polyphenolics) as affected by independent variables, such as storage
temperature (Xi, −20°C to 20°C), irradiation dose (Xii, 0-2
kGy), and storage period (Xiii, 0-20 days), which were based on a central
composite design. The predicted peak point resulted in the lowest residual
patulin content of 58.42 ppb with the corresponding independent parameter
conditions, such as 18.19°C of storage temperature, 1.24 kGy of
irradiation dose, and 13.42 days of storage period. The residual patulin content
of 58.42 ppb is the minimum desirable level, representing a 91% reduction
compared to the non-irradiated control (675.00 ppb). A maximum polyphenolics
content (11.98 mg/g) was obtained under the predicted maximum conditions of
14.40°C, 0.78 kGy, and 3.4 days. The most influential parameter in
reducing residual patulin content while maintaining polyphenolic content in
apple juice was irradiation dose (p<0.01), which showed potential to be
applied in controlling the patulin levels in apple juice.
Machine learning nominal max oxygen consumption from wearable reflective pulse oximetry with density functional theory
Authors: Al Dajani Saleem Abdul Fattah Ahmed , Laquai Frédéric
Published: July 2024

Wearable sensors have revolutionized modern health towards precision medicine. Many measurements taken by wearables are not currently used for medical purposes, and their physical roots are not understood. Here we show the origin of inferring oxygen saturation from measuring estimated oxygen variation while preparing for a marathon via spectrophotometric pulsatile blood flow transcutaneous reflectance oximetry, building six years of data tracking the stages of running a marathon. Based on inputs from quantum mechanical simulations into classical wave and electromagnetic theory models, the imaginary part of the complex dielectric function of the active site of human hemoglobin is altered upon oxygen binding to the heme group, changing the extinction coefficient and selectively absorbing wavelengths of light in a way that enables its detection from the ratio of red to infrared absorbance. A fundamental nominal max oxygen consumption is inferred from quantum mechanical absorbance spectra with and without oxygen binding by training a machine learning model on 1.5 years of daily wearable reflective pulse oximetry data with an R2of 0.84. Reflectance oximetry is strongly correlated (R2of 0.96) to standard pulse oximetry, such as through earlobe or fingertip, enabling accurate, rapid, regular, and automated monitoring of vital signs with wearable sensors on smart watches and fitness trackers, and supplying artificial intelligence inferences of function-symptom relationships for precision medicine.
Dachsous is a key player in epithelial wound closure by modulating cell shape changes and cytoskeleton dynamics
Authors: Porfírio-Rodrigues Patrícia , Pereira Telmo , Jacinto Antonio , Carvalho Lara
Published: July 2024

Epithelia are vital tissues in multicellular organisms, acting as barriers between external and internal environments. Simple epithelia, such as those in embryos and the adult gut, have the remarkable ability to repair wounds efficiently, making them ideal for studying epithelial repair mechanisms. In these tissues, wound closure involves the coordinated action of a contractile actomyosin cable at the wound edge and collective cell movements around the wound. However, the dynamics of cell-cell interactions during this process remain poorly understood.

Here, we demonstrate that Dachsous (Ds), an atypical cadherin associated with Planar Cell Polarity, is crucial for efficient epithelial repair in theDrosophilaembryonic epidermis. We show that the absence of Ds leads to delayed wound closure, impaired actomyosin cable formation, and altered cell shape changes. Additionally, we reveal that Occluding Junctions are necessary for the proper apical localization of Ds, suggesting an unanticipated interaction between these two molecular complexes. This study identifies Ds as a novel player in epithelial repair and highlights the need for further investigating the molecular mechanisms by which Ds modulates cell shape and tissue morphogenesis.

Summary statement

This study shows that the atypical cadherin Dachsous is essential for epithelial wound closure, influencing cytoskeletal dynamics and cell morphology, with Occluding Junctions regulating its subcellular localization.
PPR767 affects plant architecture and drought resistance by modulating complex I activity and ROS content in rice
Authors: Peng Leilei , Xiao Haijun , Xu Yanghong , Huang Zhihao , Yang Xuan , Lv Chen , Huang Linghui , Hu Jun
Published: July 2024

The RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) encoded by nucleus are essential for the metabolism of RNAs in eukaryotes. The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large subset of RBPs, participate in organellar RNA processing for plant development and reproduction. Here, we identified an E-type PPR protein, PPR767, which functions in mitochondria. Knocking outPPR767resulted in shorter plant height, thinner stems, shorter and narrower blades, and consequently affected yield traits, compared to those of the wild type. PPR767 primarily participated in the editing of 4 sites, nad1-674,nad3-155,nad3-172, andnad7-317. And PPR767 interplayed with MORF1 and MORF8, suggesting the editosome in rice is complicated. Meanwhile, the activity of mitochondrial complex I was decreased, and the structure of mitochondria was compromised in the mutants. Furthermore, mutation ofPPR767influenced rice drought tolerance and the expression levels of genes involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. These findings suggest thatPPR767guarantees the complex I activity by properly regulating the RNA editing efficiency of mitochondrial genes and affects drought tolerance by modulating ROS content in rice, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms by which PPRs fulfil their functions.
Identifying essential genes inSchaalia odontolyticausing a highly-saturated transposon library
Authors: Bedree Joseph K. , Bourgeois Jacob , Balani Pooja , Cen Lujia , Hendrickson Erik L. , Kerns Kristopher A. , Camilli Andrew , McLean Jeffrey S. , Shi Wenyuan , He Xuesong
Published: July 2024

The unique epibiotic-parasitic relationship betweenNanosynbacter lyticustype strain TM7x, a member of the newly identified Candidate Phyla Radiation, now referred to asPatescibacteria, and its basibiont,Schaalia odontolyticastrain XH001 (formerlyActinomyces odontolyticus), require more powerful genetic tools for deeper understanding of the genetic underpinnings that mediate their obligate relationship. Previous studies have mainly characterized the genomic landscape of XH001 during or post TM7x infection through comparative genomic or transcriptomic analyses followed by phenotypic analysis. Comprehensive genetic dissection of the pair is currently cumbersome due to the lack of robust genetic tools in TM7x. However, basic genetic tools are available for XH001 and this study expands the current genetic toolset by developing high-throughput transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-seq). Tn-seq was employed to screen for essential genes in XH001 under laboratory conditions. A highly saturated Tn-seq library was generated with nearly 660,000 unique insertion mutations, averaging one insertion every 2-3 nucleotides. 203 genes, 10.5% of the XH001 genome, were identified as putatively essential.
Frameshift variants inTBX2underlie autosomal-dominant hearing loss with incomplete penetrance of nystagmus
Authors: Hua Wan , Wang Yanfei , Li Xiang , Wang Lanchen , Xiong Wenyu , Chen Meilin , Bu Fengxiao , Liu Libo , Zhong Mingjun , Lu Yu , Liu Zhiyong , Cheng Jing , Yuan Huijun
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The transcription factor TBX2 plays a critical role in inner hair cells development in mice. Yet, the link betweenTBX2malfunction and human hearing-related disorders remains unexplored.

Methods

Linkage analysis combined with whole genome sequencing was applied to identify the causative gene in two autosomal dominant Chinese families characterized by late-onset progressive sensorineural hearing loss and incomplete penetrance of horizontal oscillatory nystagmus. Functional evaluation ofTBX2variants was performed through protein expression, localization, and transcriptional activity analysisin vitro, phenotypic analysis and mechanism study in knockout mice modelin vivo.

Results

Multipoint parametric linkage analysis of Family 1 revealed a maximum LOD score of 3.01 on chromosome 17q23.2. Whole genome sequencing identified distinctTBX2variants, c.977delA (p.Asp326Alafs*42) and c.987delC (p.Ala330Argfs*38) in each family, co-segregating with hearing loss. These variants resulted in premature termination and the generation of a new peptide segment, reducing transcriptional activity. Further, heterozygousTbx2knockout mice exhibited late-onset progressive hearing loss, along with ectopic expression of Prestin in IHCs and a gradual decrease in expression from P7 to P42.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that heterozygousTBX2frameshift variants are the genetic cause of late-onset progressive hearing loss and incomplete penetrance of nystagmus. The heterozygousTbx2knockout mouse model mirrored the human hearing loss phenotype, further validating TBX2’s role in auditory function. These insights enhance our understanding ofTBX2in the auditory system, providing valuable information for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling in related hearing disorders.
Characterizing the Spatial Distribution of Dendritic RNA at Single Molecule Resolution
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Rosario Jean G. , Mendoza Eric , Kuang Da , Kim Junhyong
Published: July 2024

Neurons possess highly polarized morphology that require intricate molecular organization, partly facilitated by RNA localization. By localizing specific mRNA, neurons can modulate synaptic features through local translation and subsequent modification of protein concentrations in response to stimuli. The resulting activity-dependent modifications are essential for synaptic plasticity, and consequently, fundamental for learning and memory. Consequently, high-resolution characterization of the spatial distribution of dendritic transcripts and the spatial relationship across transcripts is critical for understanding the pathways and mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. In this study, we characterize the spatial distribution of six previously uncharacterized genes (Adap2,Colec12,Dtx3L,Kif5c,Nsmf,Pde2a) within the dendrites at a sub-micrometer scale, using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). We found that spatial distributions of dendritically localized mRNA depended on both dendrite morphology and gene identity that cannot be recreated by diffusion alone, suggesting involvement of active mechanisms. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that dendritically localized mRNAs are likely co-transported and organized into clusters at larger spatial scales, indicating a more complex organization of mRNA within dendrites.
FASTKD5 processes mitochondrial pre-mRNAs at non-canonical cleavage sites
Authors: Antonicka Hana , Weraarpachai Woranontee , Vučković Ana , Hillen Hauke S. , Shoubridge Eric A.
Published: July 2024

The regulation of mammalian mitochondrial gene expression is largely post-transcriptional and the first step in translating the 13 polypeptides encoded in mtDNA is endonucleolytic cleavage of the primary polycistronic transcripts. As the rRNAs and most of the mRNAs in mtDNA are flanked by tRNAs, the release of the mature RNAs occurs mostly by excision of the tRNAs. Processing the non-canonical mRNAs, not flanked by tRNAs, requires FASTKD5, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. To investigate this, we created and characterized a knockout cell line to use as an assay system. The absence of FASTKD5 resulted in a severe combined OXPHOS assembly defect due to the inability to translate mRNAs with unprocessed 5’-UTRs. Analysis of RNA processing of FASTKD5 variants allowed us to map amino acid residues essential for function. Remarkably, this map was RNA substrate-specific, arguing against a one size fits all model. A reconstitutedin vitrosystem with purified FASTKD5 protein and synthetic RNA substrates showed that FASTKD5 on its own was able to cleave client substrates correctly, but not non-specific RNA sequences. These results establish FASTKD5 as the missing piece of the biochemical machinery required to completely process the primary mitochondrial transcript.
Sodium butyrate is incorporated into central metabolism in fly head while inducing oxygen consumption increase
Authors: Müller-Eigner Annika , Gille Benedikt , Dethloff Frederik , Meng Chen , Ludwig Christina , Heiker John T , Giavalisco Patrick , Peleg Shahaf
Published: July 2024

Butyrate has been proposed as a drug therapy by acting as a KDAC inhibitor and elevating protein acetylation, in particular on histones. Nonetheless, recent studies suggest that tissues such as the gut can utilize butyrate as a metabolite. We have previously shown that the addition of butyrate induces a rapid increase of oxygen consumption in wholeDrosophila melanogasterheads. Here we show that while head oxygen consumption is increased by the addition of butyrate, no apparent changes are observed on the proteome and acetylome. Instead, we show that butyrate is metabolized and incorporated into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle. Collectivity our data supports the notion that the therapeutic benefits of acute butyrate treatment may be also mediated by improving metabolic rates, rather than solely targeting the epigenome or acetylome.
Stabilized dengue virus 2 envelope subunit vaccine redirects the neutralizing antibody response to all E-domains
Authors: Thiono Devina J. , Samaras Demetrios , Phan Thanh T.N. , Zhu Deanna R. , Shah Ruby P. , Castillo Izabella , Forsberg Lawrence J. , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Baric Ralph S. , Tian Shaomin , Kuhlman Brian , de Silva Aravinda M.
Published: July 2024

The four-dengue virus (DENV) serotypes cause several hundred million infections annually. Several live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccines (LAVs) are at different stages of clinical testing and regulatory approval. A major hurdle faced by the two leading LAVs is uneven replication of vaccine serotypes stimulating a dominant response to one serotype at the expense of the other three, leading to the potential for vaccine antibody (Ab) enhanced more severe infections by wild type DENV serotypes that fail to replicate in the vaccine. Protein subunit vaccines are a promising alternative since antigen dosing can be precisely controlled. However, DENV envelope (E) protein subunit vaccines have not performed well to date, possibly due to differences between the monomeric structure of soluble E and the E homodimer of the viral surface. Previously, we have combined structure-guided computational and experimental approaches to design and produce DENV2 E antigens that are stable homodimers at 37℃ and stimulate higher levels of neutralizing Abs (NAbs) than the WT E antigen in mice. The goal of this study was to evaluate if DENV2 E homodimers stimulate NAbs that target different epitopes on E protein compared to the WT E monomer. Using DENV4/2 chimeric viruses and Ab depletion methods, we mapped the WT E-elicited NAbs to simple epitopes on domain III of E. In contrast, the stable E homodimer stimulated a more complex response towards all three surface-exposed domains of the E protein. Our findings highlight the impact of DENV2 E oligomeric state on the quality and specificity of DENV NAbs, and the promise of DENV E homodimers as subunit vaccines.

Importance

The ideal dengue virus (DENV) vaccine should elicit a balanced and highly protective immune response against all 4 DENV serotypes. Current tetravalent live-attenuated DENV vaccines have faced challenges due to uneven replication of vaccine virus strains stimulating a strong immune response to one serotype and weak responses to the other three. Protein subunit vaccines provide novel opportunities to stimulate a balanced response because dosing can be precisely controlled and independent of vaccine virus replication. Here, we compare immune responses elicited by a new DENV serotype 2 protein vaccine designed to match the structure of proteins on the viral surface. We find that proteins designed to match the viral surface stimulate better immune responses targeting multiple sites on the viral surface compared to previous protein vaccines. Our results justify further testing and development of these second-generation DENV protein subunit vaccines.
Incidence and multidrug resistance ofEscherichia colipathotypes on fresh vegetables and salads
Authors: Vázquez-Quiñones C. R. , Rincón-Guevara M.A , Natividad-Bonifacio I. , Vázquez-Salinas C. , González-Márquez H.
Published: July 2024

1

Diarrhea is a severe health problem and one of the leading causes of child mortality in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Diarrhea is often caused by consuming contaminated food and improperly washed fruit and vegetables that harbor norovirus,Campylobacter, non-typhoidSalmonella, and pathogenicEscherichia coli.The research examined 334 samples of ready-made salads with lettuce, carrots, tomatoes and fresh coriander and lettuce. Genotyping involved detectingstandltgenes for enterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC) and theuidA gene for beta-glucuronidase. ETEC was found in 51.56% of confirmed isolates, accounting for 9.9% of samples gathered in two years. Contamination rates by ETEC were 78.78% in coriander, 9.09% in lettuce, 9.09%, and 3.03% in green salads from La Vicentina and La Purísima markets, respectively. Among samples, 12.12% have both fragments (st/lt), 33.3% have only theltfragment, and 54.6% have justst. In salads, thelt/stgenes were detected in 9.09% (3),ltin 3.3% (1), andstwas absent. In coriander, 21.21% havelt, 51.51%st, and 6.06% showed amplification for both. ETEC was found in 9.09% of the confirmed lettuce strains, with 3.03%ltgene, 3.03%stgene, and 3.03% both (lt/st). There are no reported data with the same ratios for Mexico City. ETEC’s presence in products consumed in markets or streets in Mexico City, coupled with lifestyle changes that have increased vegetable consumption, is a significant concern. These findings underscore the potential health implications and the urgent need for further investigation and preventive measures.
Women on board, institutional ownership and emissions disclosure practices as tools for attaining sustainable development goals in Nigeria
Authors: Jibril Rabiu Saminu
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine how women on board influence quality and quantity disclosure of emissions discharge by the listed non-financial firms for the period of six years (2016–2021), with institutional ownership as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The study obtained data from a sample of 83 listed non-financial firms. A content analysis technique was employed to compute emissions disclosure indexes using Global Reporting Initiatives standards from the sampled firms. Random and fixed effect regression analyses were run for both direct and moderation models. Based on the results of the Hausman tests, random results were adopted and used in examining the relationship.

Findings

The result reveals that women on board are significantly related to emission disclosure. The study also documented that institutional owners have not influenced the relationship between women directors and emissions disclosure.

Practical implications

The study's findings have practical implications for emerging economies, corporations and other business organizations seeking to actively involve the emissions control and reduction issues toward sustainable development goals 5, 7 and 13 in their business models and successfully communicate these efforts to stakeholders.

Social implications

Listed firms in emerging economies would gain sincerity through the women directors’ knowledge, skills, demographics and ethnicity in the society. Therefore, corporate bodies in emerging economies can successfully contribute toward improving the social welfare of various segments of society by controlling current and future climate issues. Additionally, society will surely benefit when firms control the pollution discharges within the community.

Originality/value

This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, that provides empirical evidence on the effect of the presence of women on board on emissions disclosure using institutional ownership as a moderator in Nigeria.
Ethics in quantitative sport management research: the impact of AI
Authors: Trail Galen , Kim Ari , Bang Hyejin , Braunstein-Minkove Jessica R.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Despite the use of plagiarism-checking software and current ethical guidelines in sport management journals, raising awareness of ethical concerns and potential risks of artificial intelligence (AI) applications is necessary. This paper discusses how AI affects ethical research and publishing and provides guidelines for sport management scholars to ensure quality and integrity of their research.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive review and critical analysis of literature was performed to evaluate research ethics, potential risks, and guiding principles for the use of AI in research.

Findings

Ethical research guidelines for quantitative sport management research were proposed. The guidelines encompass seven principles for the proper use of AI and ethical conduct specific to the research methods, data analysis, and results, which would be challenging for AI to accurately replicate.

Originality/value

This study provides an original contribution to the field of sport management because numerous questions concerning ethics and AI have not been addressed until now. The guidelines are suitable for use by sport management scholars, concerning the accuracy, validity, and quality of research while mitigating ethical risks in AI-generated content.
Entrepreneurs and SMEs financing in developing countries: do non-financial services improve access to finance?
Authors: Babatoundé Alain L.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Is access to finance a constraint for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) development or a result of SMEs constraint? Considering the demand-side of the credit market, this paper aims to assess the effect of nonfinancial services (NFS) on financial access through demand for financing (direct effect) and access to finance (indirect effect).

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from a five-year comprehensive entrepreneurship program on a package of technical assistance, the author uses two impact assessment methods: before/after and propensity score matching approaches.

Findings

The author found significant changes in business practices for treated SMEs and entrepreneurs since both the number and frequency of good business practices increased for most of the SMEs in the program with a positive turnover effect. Evidence of the positive effects of NFS on demand for financing is found in SMEs but this does not involve more access to finance. Despite positive changes in business practices, small-size entrepreneurs continue to self-exclude for financing.

Originality/value

Different pass-throughs are operating within this “recycling” of entrepreneurial resources over time. The author shows the effectiveness of the knowledge on financing mechanism, financial conditions and government financial support, even if these mechanisms do not seem to lead to a significant improvement in access to finance.
Digital transformation or digital standstill? Status quo bias in Swedish public sector strategies
Authors: Norling Kristian
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of bureaucratic culture on the formulation and content of digital transformation strategies in Swedish local governments.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a qualitative content analysis method to examine strategy documents from local governments in Sweden. The analysis is focused on identifying concepts related to the definition of digital transformation strategy, organizational culture and agility. Relevant themes and insights were extracted using concept-driven coding.

Findings

The research uncovered a significant influence of bureaucratic culture on the content of strategy documents, which manifests through a strong status quo bias. This bias leads to a cautious approach toward digital innovation, limiting strategies to incremental improvements and maintenance of existing processes.

Research limitations/implications

The findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of how organizational culture affects digital transformation. The study suggests avenues for further research, particularly in exploring mechanisms to balance bureaucratic stability with digital agility.

Practical implications

The research proposes recommendations for policymakers and public sector managers, advocating for an approach incorporating cultural awareness to foster a more conducive environment for digital transformation within bureaucratic settings.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the field by revealing the nuanced role of bureaucratic culture in shaping digital transformation strategies within the public sector. It offers a unique insight into the Swedish context.
Unveiling the potential of FMEA in higher education: pathway to improved risk management and quality
Authors: Zulfiqar Maryam , Bhat Shreeranga , Sony Michael , Salentijn Willem , Swarnakar Vikas , Antony Jiju , Cudney Elizabeth A. , Furterer Sandra , McDermott Olivia , Jayaraman Raja , Foster Monika
Published: July 2024

Purpose

While educators impart FMEA instruction, its practical implementation within the educational sector remains limited. This study investigates the application of FMEA within higher education institutions. Implementing FMEA in these institutions is difficult due to statutory requirements, schedule restrictions, and stakeholder participation challenges. Moreover, higher education institutions struggle with preserving education quality, faculty training, and resource management, complicating organised methods such as FMEA.

Design/methodology/approach

This research conducted a global survey to identify the critical success factors, benefits, and common challenges in using FMEA in the higher education sector.

Findings

The outcomes highlighted that lack of awareness regarding the tools’ benefits is the primary barrier to FMEA implementation. However, respondents perceive that FMEA can improve process reliability and quality in higher education institutions. Further, the analyses found that knowledge about the FMEA tools is the prime critical success factor, and the lack of time due to other priorities in the organisation is a significant challenge in tapping the potential of FMEA.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of the study is the relatively low number of HEIs surveyed globally. Further, the study provides a broad perspective rather than a focused study on one HEI.

Practical implications

This study addresses this gap by exploring the potential benefits, challenges, and factors associated with the successful adoption of FMEA in academic settings. Using this information, HEIs can become more successful in applying FMEA.

Originality/value

This study is unique in its exploration of the application of FMEA with higher education institutions for service quality improvement.
The ‘four selves’ framework for facilitating personal and professional development (PPD) in qualifying‐level systemic psychotherapy training
Authors: McKeown Ursula , Coulter Stephen , Mooney Suzanne
Published: July 2024

Personal and Professional Development (PPD) has been long considered a central component of counselling and psychotherapy training. Key literature in respect of PPD approaches for psychotherapy training is reviewed, and the scant literature specifically relating to systemic psychotherapy noted. The ‘Four Selves’ PPD Framework, developed in Northern Ireland by the lead author as part of qualifying‐level Systemic Psychotherapy training, is presented, including its diagrammatic representation, constituent elements and an illustrative example. This is followed by guidance from the PPD tutor (lead author) based on her experience of utilising the Framework to facilitate tailored PPD sessions across the two‐year clinical Masters programme aimed at enhancing trainee self‐reflexivity, supplemented by feedback on the ‘model‐in‐practice’ from a recent cohort of students. The article concludes by encouraging readers to consider the applicability of The ‘Four Selves’ PPD Framework to their own psychotherapy training contexts.
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries during instrumental vaginal delivery: An observational study based on 18‐years of real‐world data
Authors: Fodstad Kathrine , Laine Katariina , Räisänen Sari
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the prevalence and secular trends of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in vacuum and forceps deliveries in Norway, both with and without episiotomy.

Design

Population‐based real‐world data collected during 2001–2018.

Setting

Medical Birth Registry Norway.

Population or Sample

Nulliparous women with singleton foetuses in a cephalic presentation delivered by either vacuum or forceps (n = 70 783).

Methods

Logistic regression analyses were applied to the OASIS prevalence in six 3‐year time periods. Both crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined.

Main Outcome Measures

OASIS prevalence.

Results

The OASIS prevalence in vacuum and forceps deliveries decreased from 14.8% during 2001–2003 to 5.2% during 2016–2018. The overall reduction between the first and last 3‐year time period was 61% (aOR = 0.39, 95% CIs = 0.35–0.43). The only exception to this decreasing trend in OASIS was found in forceps deliveries performed without an episiotomy. The OASIS prevalence was approximately twofold higher in forceps compared to vacuum deliveries (aOR = 1.92, 95% CIs = 1.79–2.05). Performing either a mediolateral or lateral episiotomy was associated with a 45% decrease in the prevalence of OASIS relative to no episiotomy (aOR = 0.55, 95% CIs = 0.52–0.58).

Conclusions

Opting for vacuum rather than forceps delivery in conjunction with a mediolateral or lateral episiotomy could significantly lower the OASIS prevalence in nulliparous women.
Achieving sustainability: Unravelling the role of financial development and foreign direct investment in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Yeboah Kyei Emmanuel , Abbass Kashif , Jamatutu Seidu Abdulai , Feng Bo , Feng Junwen
Published: July 2024

As the global community grapples with sustainable development, sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) faces a critical dilemma in balancing economic growth and environmental preservation. The study examines the effect of financial development (foreign direct investment [FDI]) on CO2 emissions in achieving sustainability in SSA. The study employed fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) cointegration approaches, to establish substantial connections between key variables. The results showed that environmental taxes and FDI play a role in reducing carbon emissions. Trade openness, natural resource rent, and consumption cause carbon emissions to rise. Furthermore, the study explores causation between variables using Dumitrescu–Hurling panel causality tests. A bidirectional causality exists between ecological footprint and CO2 emissions while a unidirectional causality exists between financial development, FDI, and CO2 emissions. The findings suggest the adoption of enhanced environmental taxation policies and the encouragement of sustainable FDI. We further recommend the introduction of green fiscal policies to stimulate renewable energy investments, promote responsible consumption and trade practices, and green innovative financing.
Advances in valorization of sweet potato peels: A comprehensive review on the nutritional compositions, phytochemical profiles, nutraceutical properties, and potential industrial applications
Authors: Jiang Haitao , Wang Fan , Ma Rongrong , Yang Tianyi , Liu Chang , Shen Wangyang , Jin Weiping , Tian Yaoqi
Published: July 2024

During food production, food processing, and supply chain, large amounts of food byproducts are generated and thrown away as waste, which to a great extent brings about adverse consequences on the environment and economic development. The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is cultivated and consumed in many countries. Sweet potato peels (SPPs) are the main byproducts generated by the tuber processing. These residues contain abundant nutrition elements, bioactive compounds, and other high value‐added substances; therefore, the reutilization of SPP holds significance in improving their overall added value. SPPs contain abundant phenolic compounds and carotenoids, which might contribute significantly to their nutraceutical properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, prebiotic, anti‐inflammatory, wound‐healing, and lipid‐lowering effects. It has been demonstrated that SPP could be promisingly revalorized into food industry, including: (1) applications in diverse food products; (2) applications in food packaging; and (3) applications in the recovery of pectin and cellulose nanocrystals. Furthermore, SPP could be used as promising feedstocks for the bioconversion of diverse value‐added bioproducts through biological processing.
The role of fermentation with lactic acid bacteria in quality and health effects of plant‐based dairy analogues
Authors: Erem Erenay , Kilic‐Akyilmaz Meral
Published: July 2024

The modern food industry is undergoing a rapid change with the trend of production of plant‐based food products that are more sustainable and have less impact on nature. Plant‐based dairy analogues have been increasingly popular due to their suitability for individuals with milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance and those preferring a plant‐based diet. Nevertheless, plant‐based products still have insufficient nutritional quality, undesirable structure, and earthy, green, and bean‐like flavor compared to dairy products. In addition, most plant‐based foods contain lesser amounts of essential nutrients, antinutrients limiting the bioavailability of some nutrients, and allergenic proteins. Novel processing technologies can be applied to have a homogeneous and stable structure. On the other hand, fermentation of plant‐based matrix with lactic acid bacteria can provide a solution to most of these problems. Additional nutrients can be produced and antinutrients can be degraded by bacterial metabolism, thereby increasing nutritional value. Allergenic proteins can be hydrolyzed reducing their immunoreactivity. In addition, fermentation has been found to reduce undesired flavors and to enhance various bioactivities of plant foods. However, the main challenge in the production of fermented plant‐based dairy analogues is to mimic familiar dairy‐like flavors by producing the major flavor compounds other than organic acids, yielding a flavor profile similar to those of fermented dairy products. Further studies are required for the improvement of the flavor of fermented plant‐based dairy analogues through the selection of special microbial cultures and formulations.