bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Photoinduced Photoacoustic Streaming and Diode Laser Irrigation Techniques on Smear Layer Removal, Sealer Penetration and Push-out Bond Strength
Authors: Abdelgawad Latifa Mohamed , ElShafei Nancy Attia Ahmed , Eissa Somaia Abdlatif , Ibrahim Dalia Yahia
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The present study aimed to test the efficiency of photoinduced photoacoustic streaming using 2940 nm Er: YAG laser and 980 nm diode laser agitation on smear layer removal, sealer penetration and push-out bond strength. Methods: Sixty single canaled human permanent teeth were collected for this study. Specimens were grouped into three experimental groups (20 teeth in each group), depending on the activation protocol used for final irrigation: Group I (needle agitation), group II (980nm diode laser agitation) and group III (photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) using 2940 nm Er: YAG laser. The quantity of irrigant was standardized in all groups to 4 ml. The irrigant was activated for 40 seconds in different groups under continuous flow. Two teeth from each group were used to check the smear layer removal, and then the remaining teeth in each group were randomly divided into three equal experimental subgroups according to methods of evaluation used: subgroup A: Sealing ability evaluated by dye penetration method; subgroup B: SEM for sealer penetration; and subgroup C: Push-out bond strength assessed by the universal test machine. Results: As regards smear layer removal, results showed that the PIPS group had opened dentinal tubules, followed by the diode laser group, while the least cleaning effect was found in the Side-vented needle group. As for Sealing ability and dye penetration, a statistically significant difference was found between all of the three groups, with the Er:YAG laser (PIPS) having the best sealing ability and sealer penetration. Push-out bond strength results showed no statistically significant difference between diode and Er:YAG groups, with a significant difference between each of them and the Side-vented needle group. Conclusion: Using the diode or Er:YAG laser (PIPS) for irrigant activation led to better irrigant penetration and smear layer removal which subsequently led to obvious sealer penetration, better sealing, and strength properties of endodontic treated teeth.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Bone Formation in Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Farzan Arash , Khaleghi Katayoon , Pirayesh Zeynab
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Crossbite is a common malocclusion with a 7-23% prevalence rate. Treatment is based on the expansion of the mid-palatal suture (MPS) with Rapid Palatal Expansion(RPE) followed by a retention period to reach new bone maturation, enough to maintain the results stable. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in increasing bone formation in MPS. Methods: This article was written by the PRISMA checklist. Electronically, 3 databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, were searched with the keywords selected based on PICO. Time (2010-2021) and language restrictions were performed. Results: 528 articles, out of which 374 studies were screened, were found, and 9 full-text articles were subsequently included considering these inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trial (RCT) that examines the efficacy of LLLT in rapid palatal expansion (RPE), age under 15 years, non-surgical RPE with a tooth-supported appliance, and low-intensity laser application. Finally, 4 articles were appraised by Cochrane version 5.2.0 with 7 domains. 3 of 4 articles showed LLLT has a significant impact on bone formation. One of them showed no significant difference in pain perception and bone density between the laser and non-laser groups. Conclusion: While many studies have assessed the effect of LLLT on bone formation in animal models, high-quality clinical trials are missing in this regard. The available clinical trials suggest a positive effect of LLLT on sutural bone formation after RPE.
The Effect of bisphenol A and Photobiomodulation Therapy on Autophagy-Related Genes Induction in Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Ebrahimi-Kia Yasaman , Noori-Zadeh Ali , Rajaei Farzad , Darabi Shahram , Darabi Leila , Ghasemi Hamidabadi Hatef
Published: August 2022

Introduction: As adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can divide rapidly and be prepared non-invasively, they have extensively been used in regenerative medicine. On the other hand, a new method of therapy, known as photobiomodulation (PHT), has been used to treat many diseases, such as inflammatory conditions, wound healing and pain. Besides, exposure to chemical substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), at low levels, can lead to autophagy. This study investigated the effects of BPA and PHT on the expression of autophagy-related genes, including LC3, NRF2, P62, in rat ADSCs as a model. Methods: ADSCs isolation and purification were confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC). The cells were then treated with different concentrations of BPA and also subjected to PHT. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the evaluation of LC3, NRF2 and P62 gene expressions. Oil red O staining was used for adipogenic vacuole formation. Result: ICC showed that the isolated cells were CD 49-positive but CD 31 and CD 34-negative. The viability test indicated that the number of live cells after 24 hours in the BPA groups at concentrations of 0, 1, 50, 100 and 200 μM was 100%, 93%, 81%, 72%, and 43% respectively. The difference in cell viability between groups 50, 100 and 200 μM was significant as compared with the control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, in the group with 1 μM concentration of BPA, the expressions of LC3, NRF2 and P62 genes were upregulated. However, in the treatment group at the concentration of 200 μM of BPA, the LC3 gene was expressed, but NRF2 and P62 genes were downregulated. Conclusion: BPA and PHT induce autophagy and adiposeness in ADSCs in a dose-dependent manner.
Evaluating the Efficacy of the Er,Cr:YSGG Fractional Laser Before Treatment With Triamcinolone NN Ointment in Oral Lichen Planus Lesions
Authors: Khalighi Hamid Reza , Anbari Fahimeh , Mojahedi Seyed Masoud , Forouzani Gelareh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: It has been demonstrated that laser technology can enhance topical drug absorption. This study aimed to determine the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser radiation before the application of topical corticosteroids in the healing of oral lichen planus. Methods: In this double-blind split-mouth clinical trial, 32 lesions were chosen from eight patients affected by oral lichen planus (OLP). The oral lesions were randomly categorized into two groups. The first group had topical treatment with triamcinolone NN ointment and the second group had laser radiation (Er,Cr:YSGG) for eight weeks before starting the ointment. For each lesion, the irritating level based on the VAS score, the lesion level based on the Thongprasom scale score, and the healing time were measured, and the collected data were analyzed by the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon’s statistical test. Results: The mean healing time based on the verbal analog scale (VAS) score was not significantly different between the two treatment groups (P>0.05). The mean healing time based on Thongprasom scale scores did not show any significant difference between the two treatment groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The application of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser before treatment with triamcinolone NN ointment did not show any advantage for the average healing time compared to a medicine regimen with only triamcinolone NN ointment.
Hodgkin lymphoma novel management; A 20-year retrospective study
Authors: Ghazizadeh Farid , Noroozi Mehran , Sedokani Amin , Rasouli Javad , Ebadpour Amir
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the pediatric and adult cancers, with the treatment of chemotherapy alone or combined with radiotherapy. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the consequences and outcomes of the treatment with or without radiotherapy in a retrospective study. Patients and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional retrospective study by referring and reviewing records for all patients admitted to Motahari hospital with HL diagnosis from 1995 to 2016. The Ann Arbor staging system classified the staging of disease. Results: Totally, 35 patients enrolled in our study that 54.3% were female, and 45.7% were male patients. The mean age of patients was 10.08±6.38 years. 10 (28.6%) cases classified in stage 1, 13 (37.1%) case in stage 2, 9 (25.7%) cases in stage 3, and 3 (8.6%) cases in stage 4. 30 patients (85.7%) were treated by chemotherapy and 5 (14.3%) patients with chemotherapy and radiation combination. In our study, the overall survival was 97.1% of patients treated with chemotherapy alone, and one patient died due to drug side effects. That is comparable with other studies that treated patients with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: According to our findings, chemotherapy without radiotherapy as initial treatment in HL would have similar results to concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so considering the cost and harms of radiotherapy, we suggest a limitation of radiotherapy to patients with resistant diseases that do not respond to chemotherapy solo-protocols.
Study and comparison of lifestyle among first and last year medical students of Isfahan university of medical sciences in 2019-2020
Authors: Tiravar Mohadeseh , Farajzadegan Ziba , Hajigholami Ali , Ansari Hourieh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Scientific studies confirm that unhealthy habits play an important role in the development of various disorders in all age groups. The field of medicine is a challenging period for students of this field that causes unwanted changes in their health habits and lifestyle. Objectives: The aim of this study is the evaluate and compare the lifestyle among first and last year medical students of Isfahan university of medical sciences. Patients and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytic study that was conducted in two groups of first year and last year medical students in Isfahan university in academic year 2019-2020. The learning styles questionnaire (LSQ) is used in this study. It consists of 70 questions and measures lifestyle in 10 domains. This questionnaire is based on 6-point Likert scale and each question receives at least one point and maximum 6 points. Results were obtained by SPSS software version 22 and independent t-test and chi-square test. Results: The age range of first year students was 18-24 years with a mean of 19.5 years and the age range of last year students was between 24 and 27 years with a mean of 25 years, which showed a significant difference (P<0.05; independent t test). There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender distribution and living status however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in marital status distribution. The mean scores of lifestyle scores in physical health dimensions and sport and physical activity in first year students were significantly higher than last year students since, the mean score of other aspects of life style was not significantly different between Junior and senior students. Conclusion: Overall, the mean scores of lifestyle scores in physical health dimensions and sport and physical activity in first year students were significantly higher than last year students however, the mean score of other aspects of life style was not significantly different between freshmen and senior students.
Ethics and Effectiveness of US COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates and Vaccination Passports: A Review
Authors: Canning Alexa G. , Watson Kyleigh E. , McCreedy Katelyn E. , Olawepo John O.
Published: August 2022

Background: The highest-income countries procured 50 times as many COVID-19 vaccines as low-income countries, a global health inequity that resulted in only 4.6% of the poorest 5th of the world receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. High-income countries are considering vaccine mandates and passports to contain the spread of COVID-19. This study is a curated discourse aimed at examining how vaccine mandates and passports may impact global vaccine equity from an ethics perspective. Study Design: Narrative review adapted for a debate. Methods: In November 2021, we conducted a review of studies examining global vaccine mandates for an upper-level global health course at Northeastern University, Boston, United States (U.S.). In total, 19 upper-level students, one research assistant, and one instructor participated in the data collection, analysis, and discussion. Results: The review showed vaccine mandates are ethical and effective if autonomy-centered alternatives like soft mandates are first exhausted. Unwarranted stringent public health measures degrade public trust. In the U.S. alone, COVID-19-related deaths hovered above 300000 before COVID-19 vaccination began in mid-December 2020. Since then, the number of COVID-19 deaths more than doubled, despite the wide availability of the vaccine. For many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) vaccines are not available or easily accessible. Global collaboration to facilitate vaccine availability in LMICs should be a priority. Conclusions: It is essential to get as many people as possible vaccinated to return to some normality. However, vaccine mandates and passports need to be used only sparingly, especially when other options have been exhausted.
Bivariate Survival Copula Analysis of Glaucoma Patients during Blindness: Glaucoma Cases at Alert Hospital in Addis Ababa City of Ethiopia
Authors: Gari Firomsa Shewa , Gelcho Gurmessa Nugussu
Published: August 2022

Background: Glaucoma is a worldwide problem that causes vision loss and even blindness, with a prevalence rate ranging from 1.9% to 15%. In Ethiopia, glaucoma is the fifth cause of blindness. This study aimed to explore the dependence between blindness of the right and the left eyes of glaucoma patients and assess the effects of the covariates under the dependence structure. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: The study population included the glaucoma patients at Alert hospital from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2021. The copula model was used to estimate the time to the blindness of the right and the left eyes of the glaucoma patients by specifying the dependence between the event times. Results: Out of 537 glaucoma patients, 224 (41.71%) became blind at least in one eye during the follow-up period. The results of the Clayton copula model revealed that factors, such as age, residence, diabetes mellitus, stage of glaucoma, and hypertension are considered the most prognostic factors for blindness in glaucoma patients. The findings also revealed that there was a strong dependence between the time to the blindness of the right and the left eyes in the glaucoma patients (τ=0.43). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, high age, urban residence, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and higher stage of glaucoma were factors associated with time to the blindness in the glaucoma patients. There was also a dependence between the right and the left eyes of the glaucoma patients. The results revealed that the Clayton Archimedean copula model was the best statistical model for accurate description of glaucoma patients’ datasets.
Risk Assessment of Silicosis and Lung Cancer Mortality associated with Occupational Exposure to Crystalline Silica in Iran
Authors: Nasirzadeh Nafiseh , Soltanpour Zahra , Mohammadian Yousef , Mohammadian Farough
Published: August 2022

Background: Exposure to crystalline silica has long been identified to be associated with lung diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the risk of silicosis and lung cancer associated with occupational exposure to crystalline silica in Iran. Study Design: It is a systematic review study. Methods: Different databases were searched, and the Cochrane method was used for the systematic review. Thereafter, cumulative exposure to crystalline silica (mg/m3 -y) was calculated in every industry. The relative risk of death from silicosis was performed using Mannetje’s method. Based on the geometric mean of exposure, the lung cancer risk of exposure to crystalline silica was also calculated. Results: As evidenced by the results, worker’s exposure to silica ranged from a geometric mean of 0.0212- 0.2689 mg/m3 (Recommended standard by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) was 0.025 mg/m3 ), which is generally higher than the occupational exposure limit recommended by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), ACGIH, and occupational exposure limits. The relative risk of silicosis was in the range of 1 to 14 per 1000 people, and the risk of lung cancer in workers ranged from 13-137 per 1000 people. Conclusion: Since workers are at considerable risk of cancer due to exposure to silica in Iran, exposure control programs need to be implemented in workplaces to decrease the concentration of silica.
RESPUESTA DE HÍBRIDOS DE MAÍZ A LA APLICACIÓN DE POTASIO EN DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE POBLACIÓN
Authors: Maya-Lozano José Blas , Ramírez-Díaz José Luis
Published: August 2022

Los productores de maíz de México se enfrentan permanentemente con el problema de producir más a menor costo. Para lograr un incremento en la relación beneficio/costo, se requiere buscar la combinación óptima de los factores involucrados en la producción de maíz, entre los que destacan: la variedad, la densidad de población, la resistencia a las enfermedades y la nutrición mineral. Aunque se conoce la importancia del potasio en la producción de maíz, en México no se ha observado un efecto positivo del potasio sobre el rendimiento de grano en maíz, o este efecto ha sido muy bajo. La presente investigación se hizo para determinar el efecto de la aplicación de potasio en el rendimiento y el acame del maíz, así como las diferencias genotípicas en la respuesta a la aplicación de potasio y a altas densidades de población. La investigación se condujo en condiciones de temporal o secano en dos localidades representativas de los valles Ahualulco-Etzatlán y Ameca-Cocula, ubicados en la región centro de Jalisco, México. Se estudiaron tres factores: variedades (P-3288, B-840 y HV313), densidades de población (50, 75 y 100 mil plantas por hectárea), y dosis de potasio (0, 120 y 240 kg ha-1), en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, con un arreglo factorial (3 x 3 x 3). Las variables estudiadas fueron rendimiento de grano (kg ha-1), prolificidad (número de mazorcas cosechadas/número de plantas cosechadas), porcentaje de mazorcas sanas y porcentaje de plantas con acame de raíz y de tallo. No hubo respuesta significativa a las aplicaciones de potasio en ninguna de las variables estudiadas, pues si bien el potasio incrementó el rendimiento de grano en la densidad de 100 mil plantas por hectárea, el rendimiento más alto se obtuvo sin aplicar potasio en la densidad de 50 mil plantas. La interacción variedades x densidades x potasio no fue significativa; sin embargo, las aplicaciones de potasio tendieron a reducir el acame de tallo, especialmente en densidades mayores de 50 000 plantas. Las variedades B 840 y P 3288 redujeron su rendimiento al aumentar la densidad de población, en tanto que HV313 tuvo una tendencia a incrementarlo. El número de mazorcas por planta, sanidad de mazorca y acame de tallo fueron las variables que más influyeron en el rendimiento de grano.
ADAPTACIÓN A CLIMA TEMPLADO DE RAZAS TROPICALES Y SUBTROPICALES DE MAÍZ DE MÉXICO POR SELECCIÓN MASAL VISUAL. RENDIMIENTO, ALTURA DE PLANTA Y PRECOCIDAD
Authors: Pérez-Colmenarez Alberto , Molina-Galán José D. , Martínez-Garza Ángel
Published: August 2022

En los Valles Altos de México, la obtención de variedades mejoradas e híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) se ha restringido al uso de variedades de las razas locales Cónico y Chalqueño. La introducción y posterior adaptación de germoplasma exótico es una opción valiosa para ampliar la variabilidad genética en los programas de mejoramiento de maíz. La selección masal es un método que ha mostrado ser eficiente para mejorar caracteres agronómicos de alta heredabilidad y aun el rendimiento de grano. Diez razas tropicales y subtropicales de maíz fueron sometidas a selección masal visual para adaptación en Montecillo, Estado de México, donde prevalecen condiciones de clima templado. El criterio de selección utilizado fue el aspecto visual de planta y mazorca. La variedad original, tres compuestos de selección masal visual (C3, C6, C8 ó C9) de cada raza y cinco variedades locales fueron evaluadas en dos localidades del Estado de México, durante dos años. Los análisis de regresión combinando los cuatro ambientes mostraron cambios significativos en los tres caracteres evaluados. El rendimiento de mazorca por planta se incrementó significativamente de 2.6 a 24.7 %. Los días a floración masculina disminuyeron significativamente de 0.5 a 1.2 % en ocho de las diez razas. La altura de planta mostró cambios significativos en dos direcciones: un incremento de 0.9 a 2.1 % en tres de las razas una disminución de 0.6 a 0.9 % en otras tres y no hubo cambios en las razas restantes. La selección masal visual resultó efectiva para adaptar las diez razas introducidas a condiciones de clima templado. Los cambios en el número de días a floración masculina y en la altura de planta del material exótico, ocurrieron hasta el grado de igualar a las variedades locales. El compuesto del último ciclo de selección en la mayoría de las razas, superó significativamente en rendimiento de mazorca a algunas de las variedades locales.
Envases activos
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, MORALES-OLÁN, Gema , MORENO-ZARATE Pedro ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Comalcalco
Published: August 2022

Active packaging is a new generation of packaging that, unlike traditional packaging, allows the preservation of food, not only contains it. Active packaging interacts with the food and the environment and, through different mechanisms, prevents its deterioration. These packages contain substances such as oxides, acids, alcohols, peptides, polyphenols, polysaccharides and fatty acids that can absorb or emit gases, regulate humidity, maintain temperature and act as antioxidants and antimicrobials. Within this group of container, smart packaging and edible coatings can be included. The smart packaging contains sensors that provide information on the presence or absence of a substance and others reflect the temperature, freshness and maturation of the food. The coatings, for their part, act as a barrier to gases and can integrate antioxidant and antimicrobial substances that prevent food deterioration. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a general description of active packaging, briefly explaining the different systems under which they work, the substances and the principles on which they are based, their applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Ultrasonido Aplicado al Procesamiento de Alimentos, Una Opción Sustentable y Eficaz
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Perote, RUIZ-COLORADO Nora , ORTIZ- RODRIGUEZ Lilia ,   Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Perote, ARCILA-LOZANO Cynthia Cristina
Published: August 2022

Ultrasound is considered a technique with high potential for the conservation and processing of food, its bases allow maintaining the nutritional conditions appropriate to the requirements and needs currently demanded by society. Implementation has been carried out mainly at the enzymatic, cellular, meat and grain processing levels. There are more and more proposals for applications at the experimental level, and considering its costs and low environmental impact, it could be assumed that at some point this technique will become a widely used tool in the area of food industrialization, since it reduces process times and improves quality attributes.
Campos Eléctricos Pulsados
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Perote, PINEDA-POSADAS Jorge Alberto , ORTIZ-RODRÍGUEZ Elsa ,   Universidad Veracruzana, ORTIZ-RODRÍGUEZ Lilia ,   Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Perote
Published: August 2022

Pulsed Electric Fields in food is an emerging technology that began to be studied in the 1960s and its purpose is to preserve food, guaranteeing its nutritional value as it is a non-thermal treatment. It is based on the inactivation of microorganisms by the application of electrical pulses that cause the deformation or destruction of the cell membrane, and is due to the accumulation of charges that attract each other, causing the compression of the membrane, reducing its thickness and forming pores. Inactivation may be reversible or irreversible, depending on the intensity or duration of treatment.
PENGARUH KEAKTIFAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KUALITAS HAFALAN AL-QUR’AN MAHASISWA STIQ AMUNTAI
Authors: Muhammad Nasir  , Erlina Oktaviani  , Sulistiani Sulistiani  , Nur’ain Nur’ain
Published: August 2022

Kualitas hafalan al-Qur’an ditentukan oleh seberapa besar pengaruh dari berbagai factor baik dari diri sendiri maupun orang lain. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian lain karena subjek yang digunakan adalah sama dengan penelitian lain namun dengan objek yang berbeda, dan objek yang digunakan dalam penlitian ini adalah Kualitas Hafalan al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh keaktifan oganisasi terhadap kualitas hafalan al-Qur’an mahasiswa STIQ Amuntai, dengan populasinya adalah mahasiswa STIQ Amuntai angkatan tahun 2019 yang terlibat dalam organisasi internal yaitu sebanyak 55 orang. Teknik atau metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah teknik sampel random sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak 10 orang. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner atau angket yang berbentuk google formulir. Sedangkan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keaktifan organisasi terhadap kualitas hafalan al-Qur’an mahasiswa STIQ Amuntai tidak memiliki pengaruh dengan taraf signifikan 0,434 atau 43,4%.
PENERAPAN MEDIA ULAR TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS 5 SDN 2 BATANJUNG
Authors: Rike Parita Rijkiyani
Published: August 2022

Sekolah sebagai tempat berlangsungnya kegiatan belajar diharapkan mampu melakukan perbaikan dan perubahan agar pandangan yang keliru tentang matematika sebagai pelajaran yang sulit dapat diubah. Dalam pembelajaran matematika banyak ditemui problem seperti kurang semangatnya siswa dalam proses pembelajaran karena mata pelajaran matematika cenderung membosankan. Landasan penelitian ini yaitu adanya siswa yang masih kebingungan terhadap materi tentang bangun ruang. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada, maka perlu adanya media yang sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa untuk meingkatkan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika. Media yang dianggap sesuai yaitu media ular tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan media ular tangga pada siswa kelas V SDN  2 Batanjung, Kecamatan Kapuas Kuala Kabupaten Kapuas Kalimantan Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media ular tangga mampu meingkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas V SDN 2 Batanjung pada pelajaran matematika.
PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI SDN KOTA RADEN HULU 2 KECAMATAN AMUNTAI TENGAH KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA
Authors: Helmiannoor Helmiannoor  , Tajeli Tajeli
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini beranjak dari adanya kebijakan pemerintah tentang pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan secara daring yang disebabkan adanya pandemi covid-19, di mana dalam proses pembelajaran secara daring sangat dibutuhkan peningkatan peran guru dibandingkan saat pembelajaran tatap muka. Hal ini karena peran guru merupakan salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan proses pembelajaran. Fokus penelitian ini meliputi: peran guru PAI sebagai pengajar, pembimbing, fasilitator dan evaluator dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran secara daring. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumenter. Pengolahan dan analisis data dengan teknik reduksi, display dan verifikasi data. Temuan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Peran guru sebagai pengajar dalam pembelajaran daring dilakukan secara online melalui media smart phone  dengan aplikasi whats app dengan membagikan materi berupa naskah dokumen dalam bentuk word tanpa adanya batasan waktu yang ditentukan; 2) Peran guru sebagai pembimbing pada pembelajaran daring dilakukan dengan memberikan nasihat-nasihat kebaikan dan video-video pendek yang berisikan keteladanan bagi para siswa; 3) Peran guru sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran daring dilakukan dengan menyediakan materi pembelajaran yang ringkas, jelas dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa serta dengan menyediakan buku paket pembelajaran dan paket kouta internet gratis untuk memudahkan siswa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran secara daring; 4) Peran guru sebagai evaluator dilakukan dengan melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran berupa evaluasi tes tertulis dengan memberikan soal essay guna mengetahui ketercapaian tujuan pembelajaran dan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pelajaran.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MEMBANGUN TATA KRAMA BERGAUL SISWA DI LINGKUNGAN SDN KEBUN SARI 1 AMUNTAI
Authors: Ellysa Ellysa  , Hilma Rusyada  , Siti Karimah
Published: August 2022

Pendidikan berperan penting untuk membentuk karakter serta pembentukkan tata krama yang baik. Sekolah dinilai sebagai sebuah perantara terpenting dalam pembentukan tata krama bagi siswanya. Tata krama memiliki arti sebagai budi pekerti yang baik, beradab dan bersusila. Sekarang banyak disoroti perilaku anak lebih cenderung kehilangan etika dan sopan santun.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara guru dalam membangun tata krama bergaul siswa di lingkungan SDN Kebun Sari 1 Amuntai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelirian narrative research. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan observasi terhadap guru di SDN Kebun Sari 1 Amuntai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa tata krama bergaul siswa-siswi disana dapat dikatakan baik. Hal ini dilandaskan dari pengamatan peneliti, di sekolah tersebut siswa-siswi patuh dan hormat terhadap gurunya, siswa-siswi tidak melanggar perintah dari guru, siswa-siswi saling menghormati terhadap temannya, dan lain sebagainya. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini tata krama di sekolah dasar dapat menjadi lebih baik lagi.
Assessing the Influence of the Covid 19 Pandemic on Indian Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors:   SCOPE, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India, Jain Atishay , Rastogi Naman ,   SCOPE, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore  (Tamil Nadu), India., Jain Sushma ,   Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala  (Punjab), India.
Published: August 2022

Our objective is to study, analyze and draw inferences on the movement of the stock prices of Indian pharmaceutical companies solely based on the COVID-19 pandemic in India. We specifically targeted pharmaceutical stocks because their share price is more directly dependent on the COVID-19 pandemic than companies in other sectors. As the demand for the primary products sold by pharmaceutical companies, i.e., medicines, is directly dependent on the COVID-19 pandemic, a common hypothesis is that the stock prices of pharmaceutical companies at a given time are significantly contingent upon the COVID-19 pandemic situation. We have tested this hypothesis by calculating the correlation between pharmaceutical stock prices and COVID-19 variables that measure the severity and provide an outline of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 variables we have considered provide information regarding covid cases, deaths, testing, vaccination, positivity rate, virus reproduction rate, and government restrictions to counter the spread of the virus. Furthermore, as human emotion plays a significant part in deciding the share prices, we have considered public fear and awareness by considering the frequency by which the terms “Covid 19” and “Covid medicines” are searched on Google. We have considered the stock prices of 19 companies that contribute to the Nifty Pharma index as the target values upon which the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is tested. We have selected the covid fields that have the most significant impact on the pharmaceutical stock prices and then calculated the correlation between the Covid fields and the stock parameters. The data we have considered for our study belongs to the period from 15th March 2020 to 17th February 2022. Link to the Github repository with the code for the presented research: https://github.com/Atishaysjain/Predictive-Analysis-Project.
The Role of Empathy, Customer Orientation and Work Engagement in the Relationship Between Servant Leadership and Customer-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Authors:   Lecturer, Organizational Leadership, University of  Haifa, Israel., Oren Dr. Ravit
Published: August 2022

This work explores the relationship between servant leadership in the service context and the extent to which employees engage in customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Data were collected at two time points from 158 full-time employees, working in16 branches of a large bank in Israel. The results show that there is a positive relationship between servant leadership and customer-oriented OCB and that this relationship is mediated by employees’ levels of customer orientation and work engagement. Likewise, the relationship between servant leadership and customer orientation is stronger among employees with low levels rather than high levels of empathy.
المغول وأخبارهم في مصنفات المؤرخ البناكتي ( ت 730 هـ / 1330 م )
Authors: هاشم علي زهير
Published: August 2022

تعد الكتابة في مناهج المؤرخين ووصف مصنفاتهم من المباحث الجوهرية التي يجب على الباحثين الخوض فيها في حقول المعارف التاريخية كون تلك المصنفات هي مادة أبحاثهم، فوصف هذه المادة التاريخية حسب الحقب الزمنية أو المدارس التاريخية المختلفة يعد أمراً غاية في الأهمية لاعتبارات بنوية تتعلّق بتصنيف هذا النوع من المؤلفات فضلاً عن بيان مراحل تطور الكتابة التاريخية لأمة من الأمم واستيضاح طرق عرض المعلومة التاريخية في كل عصر بواسطة المؤرخين وبيان مجمل المؤثرات المحيطة بهم.ونظراً لأهمية حقبة المغول وكثرة المصنفات التاريخية فيها سيما كتاب تاريخ البناكتي وأهميته بين هذه المؤلفات رأينا التعريف بهذا المصدر المهم عن تاريخ تلك الحقبة في هذا البحث. فبادرنا أولاً بإيضاح الوضع السياسي والإجتماعي والثقافي لعصر المؤرخ البناكتي، ثم ذكرت تطور التصنيف التاريخي في العصر المغولي وما بعده حتى زمن البناكتي والملامح العامة التي اتسمت بها هذه المصنفات ثم موقع تاريخ البناكتي بينها، ثم جاء وصف كتاب تاريخ البناكتي ومؤلفه ومنهجه ومصادره، ثم ذكرت أهميته وامتيازاته على أقرانه من الكتب التاريخية المعاصرة له وأخيراً بيّنت منهجه في كتاباته عن المغول وكيفية معالجته لأخبارهم وتبويبها وأسلوب نقلها، فكان بحثاُ متواضعاً آمل أن يسهم في توضيح أحد أهم المصادر التاريخية التي عالجت فترة غزو المغول وبيّنت تاريخهم في المشرق.
Difficult Nasotracheal Intubation Guided by an Eschmann Stylet
Authors: Driouich Aïcha , Auhmani Anas , Elouardi Youssef , Khallouki Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Nasotracheal intubation is a means of airway management; it is the preferred method for surgeries in the head and neck region, especially oropharyngeal, dental and maxillofacial surgeries. In the process and management of nasotracheal intubation, additional instruments, drugs and skilled maneuvers are required, and with the recent development of techniques and methods, potential problems or complications can be avoided. We report a case of difficult nasotracheal intubation planned for maxillofacial surgery successfully using a lesser-used Echmann chuck technique that requires personal and technical experience to facilitate safe intubation with reduced complications.
Outcome of Core out Fistulectomy with Anal Spincter Reconstruction and Primary Repair of Internal Opening in the Treatment of Complex Anal Fistula; A Experience of 30 Cases
Authors: Hyder Dr. Chowdhury Sazzad , Sah Dr. Rakesh , Akramuzzaman S M
Published: August 2022

Background: The principal of management of anal fistula include closure of interior opening of fistula tract, drainage of contamination or necrotic tissue, and eradication of fistulous tract with maintenance of sphincter function. The selection of surgical operation (simple fistulotomy, fistulectomy, seton placement, development flap, fibrin glue or anal plug) is decided with the aid of the route of the fistula tracts and continence status. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the surgical technique “core out fistulectomy with anal sphincter reconstruction and primary closure of internal opening” in the treatment of trans-sphincteric fistula (high type or long tract) or supra-sphincteric fistula in terms of fistula healing, morbidity, recurrence and anal continence. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Surgery Dr Amanat khan hospital and other private hospitals, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during 5th March 2020 to 10th April 2022. A total 30 patients between the age group 20 to 70 years who were diagnosed with Fistula-in-Ano(Complex Variety) which underwent Core out Fistulectomy with Anal Spincter Reconstruction and Primary Repair of Internal Opening. This analysis was done using SPSS 24 software version. The level of significance was set to 5% (p < 0.05). Results: There were 30 (91%) men and three (9%) women with a median age of 42 years. The common anal fistula type was high transsphincteric fistula in 31 patients with deep postanal abscess in two patients and two patients were suprasphincteric fistula. Conclusions: Core out fistulectomy with anal sphincter reconstruction and major closure of inner opening is a secure and nice method for excessive trans-sphincteric fistula. It has desirable useful results and no disturbance of continence. This has to be viewed in the cure of high trans-sphincteric fistula.
Toxicological Profile of the Stem Bark Extract of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms (Fabaceae)
Authors: Christian Ngoule , Henri Essome , Pierre Ngene Jean , Flora Ladoh-Yemeda Christelle , Syntyche Ngongodi Bagnak Anne , Gisèle Etame-Loe , Emmanuel Mpondo Mpondo
Published: August 2022

This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of the methanolic extract of Cylicodiscus gabunensis stem bark, a plant traditionally used against female fertility problems. Acute toxicity was evaluated in rats by sequential administration of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg of body weight of extract according to the method described by protocol 425 of the Organization for Cooperation and economic development. Subacute toxicity was assessed by daily administration of the extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. The weight evolution and the signs of toxicity were observed, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the blood of the animals were collected and analysed. The administration of the extract at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg caused no death and no toxic signs. The weight evolution, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the surviving rats were analysed and compared with those of the controls. Acute oral toxicity data determined that the LD50 of the extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Repeated dose administration did not cause any deaths or significant changes in haematological parameters. Some signs of intoxication were however noted and certain biochemical parameters analysed in the rats showed statistically significant differences compared to the controls. A decrease in creatinine was observed on the renal level, an increase in transaminases and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase on the hepatic level. An increase in total proteins at 100 and 200 mg/kg and triglycerides at 100 mg/kg were observed and also a significant drop in LDL-cholesterol at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. This study shows that the stem barks of C. gabunensis would be moderately toxic in repeated oral administration, additional studies should be carried out to determine the effect of the extract on the tissues of the different organs.
Tempo de Melhoramentos: a construção da Estrada de Ferro de Baturité e a introdução do capitalismo no Ceará.
Authors: Ribeiro Parente Cortez Reis Ana Isabel
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa a introdução do capitalismo no Ceará a partir da construção da Estrada de Ferro de Baturité, no final do século XIX e início do XX. O foco do estudo está na implantação de um projeto de modernização para o país, estreitamente relacionado com a expansão do capitalismo através da exportação do capital, que consistia no estabelecimento de relações econômicas que garantissem o investimento de capital externo (inglês) na realização de grandes obras, notadamente a construção de estradas de ferro. Este processo foi modificador das relações estabelecidas nesse espaço, que foi alterado a serviço das novas imposições e/ou melhoramentos, imprescindíveis aos Estados e nações que pretendiam se vincular aos ritmos do progresso europeu ocidental, e da própria percepção e compreensão do tempo. Assim, demonstrou-se aqui como o espaço cearense foi modificado a serviço de um tempo, o tempo dos melhoramentos, o tempo da circulação de mercadorias, o tempo do capitalismo.
Future Intelligent Agriculture with Bootstrapped Meta-Learning andє-greedy Q-learning
Authors: Sasikala D. , Venkatesh Sharma K.
Published: August 2022

Agriculture is a noteworthy and vibrant domain in the fiscal evolution of the globe. With populationin progress, climatic situation and assets, and agriculture turn out dazed to be a crucial task to realize the necessities of the future population. Intelligent precision agriculture/intelligent smart farming has transpired as an innovative tool to tackle hovers of the future ahead in automated agricultural sustainability by leading Artificial Intelligence (AI) in agriculture automation.AI unravels critical farm labor challenges by improving or reducing work and lessening the necessity of numerous workers. Agricultural AI aids in reaping harvests quicker than human employees at a greater quantity, further precise in categorizing and eradicating unwanted plants, also dropping cost and menace.
This process motivates the cutting-edge technologies capitulating the machine capability to learn by sourcing Bootstrapped Meta-learning also reinforcing with rewards as maximum crop yields and minimum resource utilizations as well as within time limits. AI empowered farm machinery is the key constituent of the future agriculture revolution ahead. In this exploratory work, an efficient automation of AI application in the field of agriculture sustenance is ensured for receipt of the most obtainable aids as outcomes and inhibiting the applied assets. Fixing the precise real-time issues trailed by unravelling it for agricultural augmentation or amplification thereby leads to the global best future agriculture.
Monocular Depth Estimation using a Multi-grid Attention-based Model
Authors: Buddhacharya Sangam Man , Adhikari Rabin , Maharjan Nischal , Panday Sanjeeb Prasad
Published: August 2022

With the increased use of depth information in computer vision, monocular depth estimation has been an emerging ﬁeld of study. It is a challenging task where many deep convolutional neural network-based methods have been used for depth prediction. The problem with most of these approaches is that they use a repeated combination of max-pooling and striding in an encoder, which reduces spatial resolution. In addition, these approaches use information from all the channels directly from the encoder, which is prone to noise. Addressing these issues, we present a multigrid attention-based densenet-161 model. It consists of a multigrid densenet-161 encoder that increases the spatial resolution and an attention-based decoder to select the important information from low-level features. We achieved absolute relative error (Absrel) of 0.109 and 0.0724 on NYU v2 and KITTI, dataset respectively. Our proposed method exceeded most evaluation measures with fewer parameters compared to the state-of-the-art on standard benchmark datasets. We produce a dense depth map from a single RGB image which can be used to create a dense point cloud. The anticipated depth map is accurate and smooth, which can be used in several applications.
SELECTED PROBLEMS IN THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS IN A NURSING AND CARE INSTITUTION
Authors: Kuliński Włodzisław , Figura-Bock Marlena
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to assess selected problems in the rehabilitation of patients staying at a nursing and care institution.
Materials and methods: The study included 33 patients aged 55 to 96 years who were staying at the nursing and care institution in Lipsko. Study patients were examined over a period of 3 months using the standardised Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (I-ADL) scores, the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG).
Results: Standardised ADL testing showed that a considerable proportion of study patients (60%) aged 66–75 years had moderate disability. Standardised Lawton scale testing showed that the most difficult complex activities were home maintenance (96.97%), shopping (90.91%), cooking (87.88%), cleaning (87.88%) and doing laundry (78.79%). The standardised Timed Up and Go Test showed that a large proportion of study patients (71.43%) aged 66–75 years had considerable functional mobility limitations. The AMTS, which assessed the cognitive function, revealed normal results in 36.36% of study patients.
Conclusions:
1. Study patients had significant functional disability.
2. The patients’ sex did not influence the ability to perform complex activities of daily living.
3. Sociodemographic determinants did not influence cognitive functioning.
4. Physical therapy and rehabilitation in the elderly should be performed on a regular basis and in the entire society.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Yatsuliak Mykhailo , Nemesh Mykhailo , Filipchuk Viktor
Published: August 2022

The aim: Establishment of the factors influencing the formation of femoral neck-shaft angles and femoral torsions indices among the patients with cerebral palsy.
Materials and methods: The total number of patients was 46 persons (84 joints). We have examined patients using our method (patent №137567), obtained the true parameters of the femoral neck-shaft angle and femoral torsion, and conducted a statistical analysis of factors that might influence their formation.
Results: A statistically significant influence of factors of age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, ambulatory status, adductor myotomy and lack of statistical significance concerning the influence of factors such as level of lesion and developmental dysplasia of the hip upon the indices of neck-shaft angle. Femoral torsion’s parameters were in statistically significant fashion affected by GMFCS levels, ambulatory status, level of lesion, and did not display statistical significance of factors of age, adductor myotomy, developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Conclusions: Our research shows that gait function, as well as GMFCS level, are the important factors in the formation of the proximal femur in patients with cerebral palsy.