bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HERITABILITAS, RESPON SELEKSI DAN GENOTIP DENGAN RAPD PADA IKAN NILA F3 (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Gustiano Rudhy , Kusmini Irin Iriana , Iskandariah Iskandariah , Arifin Otong Zenal , Huwoyon Gleny Hasan , Ath-thar Muhammad Hunaina Fariduddin
Published: October 2016

Seleksi pada ikan nila merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menghasilkan induk unggul agar produksi lebih efisien dan keuntungan meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi heritabilitas, respon seleksi dan genotip yang diperoleh pada seleksi ikan nila F3. Pembentukan F3 berasal dari anakan yang diperoleh dari hasil pemijahan 17 pasang induk F2 ikan nila yang tidak sekerabat. Benih-benih dipelihara hingga ukuran 3-4 cm (2-3 g) dan dilakukan pemilihan untuk menyeragamkan ukuran. Pengujian keragaan dilakukan dalam 16 waring berukuran 2 m x 2 m x 1,5 m dengan kepadatan 400 ekor ikan per waring selama lima bulan. Untuk analisis genotip digunakan F1, F2, dan F3 dengan masing-masing populasi diambil sepuluh contoh. Hasil ekstraksi DNA dianalisis dengan RAPD menggunakan primer OPA-2, OPA-3, dan OPC-5. Seleksi yang dilakukan memperlihatkan adanya respon seleksi pada F3 sebesar 16,9 g (15,73%) untuk jantan dan 10,0 g (10,62%) untuk betina. Sedangkan untuk realized heritability pada F3 adalah 0,39 untuk jantan dan 0,29 untuk betina. Secara total perolehan perbaikan bobot atau respon seleksi ikan jantan F3 dibandingkan dengan F1 adalah sebesar 31,1 g (28,95%). Sedangkan untuk ikan betina diperoleh nila sebesar 6,4 g (10,20%). Analisis DNA menunjukkan bahwa populasi F3 berbeda nyata secara genetik dibandingkan F2 dan F1. Penurunan nilai polimorfisme dan heterozigositas juga teramati pada keturunan hasil seleksi. Berdasarkan indikator yang ada, seleksi dapat diteruskan menggunakan pasangan induk yang lebih banyak dengan rotational mating, dan perlu dibentuk famili untuk meningkatkan keragaman.
ANALISIS KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN BENIH KERAPU HIBRIDA HASIL HIBRIDISASI KERAPU MACAN (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) DENGAN KERAPU KERTANG (Epinephelus lanceolatus) DAN KERAPU BATIK (Epinephelus microdon)
Authors: Sutarmat Tatam , Yudha Hirmawan Tirta
Published: October 2016

Analisis keragaan pertumbuhan benih ikan kerapu terdiri atas panjang, bobot, laju dan koefisien pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan faktor kondisi; merupakan aspek biologi yang penting diketahui dari kandidat ikan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang bobot, pertumbuhan, sintasan, konversi pakan, serta faktor kondisi benih ikan kerapu hibrida hasil hibridisasi kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) dengan kerapu kertang dan kerapu batik (Epinephelus microdon). Benih hibrida yang digunakan terdiri atas kerapu hibrida cantang (kerapu macan x kerapu kertang ), kerapu hibrida cantik (kerapu macan x kerapu batik ), serta kerapu macan (kerapu macan x kerapu macan ) sebagai kontrol. Dengan ukuran panjang dan bobot awal masing-masing antara 10-12 cm dan 22-35 g/ekor. Benih dipelihara dalam sembilan buah jaring ukuran 2 m x 2 m x 2 m di keramba jaring apung (KJA) dengan padat penebaran benih uji sebanyak 250 ekor/jaring. Hasil akhir penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara panjang dengan bobot pada kerapu hibrida cantang, cantik maupun kerapu macan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi masing-masing adalah 0,933; 0,884; dan 0,787. Pertumbuhan dari ketiga benih ikan kerapu bersifat allometri negatif, dengan nilai b 2,533; 2,896; dan 2,546. Pada kerapu hibrida cantang, laju pertumbuhan dan koefisien pertumbuhannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan benih kerapu yang lainnya. Hasil perkawinan silang juga berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap konversi pakan, serta sintasan ikan yang dihasilkan. Faktor kondisi ikan kerapu hibrida cantang adalah 2,80; sedangkan pada kerapu hibrid cantik dan kerapu macan masing-masing adalah 2,12 dan 2,10.
SPESIES ASING SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PEMBATAS DALAM BUDIDAYA COPEPODA PADA BAK TERKONTROL
Authors: Nugraha Media Fitri Isma , Sumiarsa Gede Suwarthama
Published: October 2016

Copepoda adalah golongan crustacean yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pakan alami untuk larva ikan. Secara umum copepoda tergolong dalam empat ordo yaitu Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida, dan Monstrilidae. Di Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut, Gondol, Copepoda yang dibudidayakan adalah jenis Harpacticoida yaitu Tisbe sp. yang pemeliharaannya dikerjakan dalam bak terkontrol. Copepod ini diberi pakan berupa fitoplankton, scoot’s emulsion, pelet ikan, dan ragi, serta sedikit penambahan probiotik. Pembatas selama budidaya adalah sulitnya produksi naupli copepoda secara massal, hal ini dikarenakan waktu bertelur yang tidak seragam antara individu copepoda, sehingga tidak bisa ditentukan waktu yang tepat untuk panen nauplii secara besarbesaran. Pembatas kedua adalah lambatnya reproduksi copepoda yaitu 14 hari jika dibandingkan dengan rotifer yang hanya dua hari. Pembatas ketiga adalah adanya spesies asing atau predator yang menyerang copepoda pada kondisi tertentu, seperti tingginya nutrisi pakan pada bak pemeliharaan.
Biosilver nanoparticle interface offers improved cell viability
Authors: VanOosten Sarah Kay , Yuca Esra , Karaca Banu Taktak , Boone Kyle , Snead Malcolm L. , Spencer Paulette , Tamerler Candan
Published: October 2016

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are promising candidates for fighting drug-resistant infections because of their intrinsic antimicrobial effect. The design of high-yield antimicrobial molecules may inadvertently cause variation in host cells’ biological responses. While many factors affect AgNPs’ efficacy, their surface is exposed to the biological environment and thus plays a critical role in both the preservation of antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens and the modulation of host cells cytotoxicity. This work investigated an engineered biomimetic interface approach to controlling AgNP surface properties to provide them a competitive advantage in a biological environment. Here, a fusion protein featuring a silver-binding peptide (AgBP) domain was engineered to enable self-assembly and track assembly by a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. Following AgNP functionalisation with GFP–AgBP, their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties were evaluated. GFP–AgBP binding affinity to AgNPs was evaluated using localized surface plasmon resonance sensing. The GFP–AgBP biomimetic interface on AgNPs’ surfaces provided sustained antibacterial efficacy at low concentrations based on bacterial growth inhibition assays. Viability and cytotoxicity measurements in fibroblast cells exposed to GFP–AgBP protein-functionalised AgNPs showed significant improvement compared to controls. Biointerface engineering offers promise towards tailoring AgNP antimicrobial efficacy while addressing safety concerns to maintain optimum cellular interactions.
Perspectivas de Uso de Insetos Bioindicadores Ambientais em Trabalhos Periciais
Authors: Victor Wilson Botteon
Published: October 2016

Entomologia Forense é a ciência que aplica o conhecimento de aspectos bioecológicos de insetos e outros artrópodes na elucidação de procedimentos judiciais. Embora pesquisas na área de Entomologia Forense tenham se desenvolvido no Brasil, sua aplicação em atividades periciais relativas a questões ambientais ainda é escassa e com baixa aplicabilidade de estudos em casos concretos. As diversas mudanças antrópicas no ambiente e a fragmentação dos sistemas naturais influenciam na estrutura de comunidades, causando impactos de diferentes níveis em suas espécies. Os estudos de levantamento da diversidade entomofaunística são imprescindíveis para aquisição de conhecimento da composição de espécies bioindicadoras da qualidade ambiental do meio e da estrutura ecológica da paisagem, sendo essenciais para avaliação do sistema e para tomadas de decisões. O propósito desse trabalho foi de demonstrar a importância de insetos bioindicadores com ênfase na perspectiva de aplicabilidade nas atividades de perícia ambiental, propondo uma metodologia de estudo de levantamento entomofaunístico, empregando ferramentas analíticas de natureza estatística e descritiva capazes de avaliar as diferenças na abundância, riqueza, índices de diversidade de espécies e similaridade entre áreas de interesse, buscando investigar a influência dos fragmentos da paisagem sobre a diversidade de insetos.
Hippocrates: Philosophy and Medicine
Authors: Zahir Ilham Ibnou
Published: October 2016

It is widely acknowledged that modern ‘scientific medicine’ is in crisis. Roy Porter in his magisterial book, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, points out that ‘these are strange times, when we are healthier than ever but more anxious about our health. According to all the standards benchmarks, we have never had it so healthy.’ (Porter, 1997). This crisis has many aspects and may be explained by modern Western indifference to a holistic and Classical view of ‘health’ and the ‘body’ in favour of a stimulating and progressive medicine driven more by its ‘scientific’ projects to produce a ‘mechanical’ model of the workings of the body. This paper will look into the historical and conceptual meaning of ‘health’, the ‘body’ and the relationship between philosophy and medicine when they were first dealt with and reflected upon by the ancient father of medicine, namely, Hippocrates. The latter was the first European ‘doctor’ to have aimed at seriously putting medicine within the realm of a ‘scientific’ domain, one which denies its important link to philosophy.
La Traducción De La Argumentación En El Texto Periodístico Español/Árabe Y La Aplicación De Las Técnicas Específicas De Traducción
Authors: Baya E Moulay-Lahssan
Published: October 2016

This research aims at presenting the importance of the journalistic translation from Spanish into Arabic. It pretends to present this topic through two main axes. The first axe presents a contextualization of journalistic genre in a very particular way; the argumentative genre as the main axe of our research. The second axe of this work, which has been very practical, after defining and exposing the characteristics of argumentative text, focuses on the application of specific techniques of journalistic translation, which are basically, amplification, compression and omission. Therefore, we have chosen a mass media of great international projection: Project Syndicate; an international organization that has the largest source of world opinion articles in different languages, signed by eminent intellectuals and specialists in different fields of knowledge. Subsequently, we proceeded to the selection of news argumentative and we have analyzed the translation technique used in each case, with its pertinent comments as final results of the study.
The effect of Bank competition on the effectiveness of the Interest Rate Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission
Authors: Chileshe Patrick Mumbi , Akanbi Olusegun Ayodele
Published: October 2016

This study investigates the effect of bank competition on the interest rate pass-through in Zambia. Specifically, the study investigates whether lack of competition dampens the transmission of monetary policy changes to retail rates as well as its effects on the level of interest rates. The study developed a theoretical model based and tested it using dynamic panel data methods. Furthermore, the study used bank level data covering the period Q1 1998 to Q2 2015. The authors used two measures of bank competition namely HHI and Lerner Index The results from the study indicated that higher competition enhances the transmission of monetary policy changes to retail rates. In addition, results indicated that there is positive relationship between a measure of competition and lending rates charged by commercial banks. From a policy perspective, these results imply that there is need for more financial reforms aimed at enhancing competition in the banking sector in order to lower lending rates as well as enhancing monetary policy effectiveness.
Gas Production Optimization for Two Offshore Fields Based on Integreted Model
Authors: Karmazin Maxim S. , Yushkov Anton Yu. , Skvortsov Dmitriy O. , Buchinskiy Stanislav V.
Published: October 2016

This article describes how to build an integrated model of two fields in order to optimize gas production. It also describes how to find an optimal gas production ratio between the two fields producing into a single collection point, and the basic details and system limitations in carrying out this type of work. The result will be a tool that allows solving optimization tasks.
Horizontal Wells Permanent Downhole Monitoring to Optimize Carbonate Reservoir Development
Authors: Morozov O. N. , Andriyanov M. A. , Koloda A. V. , Shpakov A. A. , Melnikov S. I. , Simakov A. E.
Published: October 2016

The paper describes an approach implemented for horizontal wells permanent monitoring to optimize development of carbonate reservoir based on the Prirazlomnoye oil field case study. Technology and results of production and injection wells hydrodynamic monitoring are shown in detail.

The described hydrodynamic monitoring technology allowed confirming geological structure of the deposit, to identify pressure communication between injection and production wells and to improve efficiency of development system.
Features of Horizontal Well Production in Unconsolidated Sands with High Viscosity Oil
Authors: Gaidukov L. A.
Published: October 2016

This paper describes the specifics of oil production and the recommendations developed for the operation of horizontal wells (hereinafter Hz wells) in unconsolidated reservoirs with highly viscous oil with the purpose to increase the efficiency of reserves recovery, based on the interpretation of pilot project results.
Complex Approach to the Identification of Profitable Hard-to-Recover Oil Rims in Multilayer Reservoirs
Authors: Osipenko A. S. , Kovalenko I. V. , Elizarov O. I. , Tretyakov S. V. , Karachev A. A. , Nitkaliev I. M.
Published: October 2016

One of the key points during planning phase of multilayers field development by using horizontal wells is technical implementation evaluation at concept stage.

The concept of field plan development of reservoirs underlying under each other of East-Messoyakha field allows determining cost-effective productive formations using horizontal and multi-laterals wells with multistage hydraulic-fracturing stimulation. The ranking (or prioritization) of reserves was conducted through the concept study. The priority and secondary reserves for development were determined. There are different types of development systems including regular and selective were studied by using analytical methods, sector simulation and full-scale hydrodynamic simulation. The technical implementation evaluation was conducted at each step including usage of horizontal wells, multilateral wells and different types of dual-completion technology.

The results of this performed work are a program for realization next research study and identification of pilot projects in profitable oilfield areas using development system with horizontal wells and multi-laterals wells, dual-completion technologies with considering drilling risks. As well the total planned drilled footage was optimized by using the designed well pads of main overlying reservoir PK1-3.

The team work of reservoir engineers and wellbore planning engineers at the stage of the conceptual engineering of multilayer deposits allows determining optimal development option with maximum reserves recovery and minimum wells cost. Owing to described in paper methodology for integrated-structured development systems group selection is able to involve about 80% of underlying reserves to cost-effective development which were non profitable by using separate scenarios.

At the first stage of full-scale development or Pilot Project the recommended approach will allow correcting the development of multilayer deposits without geological or flow dynamic re-simulation, in case of reservoir structure concept changes. Furthermore, the results of analytical methods and sector modeling will allow finding optimum values in case the initial economic parameters change, i.e., the value of capital expenditures for drilling phase.
Selection of the Best Development Scenario for the Thin Oil Rim with Reservoir Pressure Maintenance System Involving Gas Injection into the Gas Cap. Case Study: West Masssoyakha PK 1-3 Horizon.
Authors: Zolotukhin Alexey Alexandrovich , Salikhov Marat Ranifovich
Published: October 2016

In development of oil and gas formations with an extensive gas-cap, development of the thin oil rim less than eight meters thick is the most challenging process. Furthermore, gas-saturated thickness exceeds manyfold oil-saturated thickness and ranges from 35 to 45 meters.

In these conditions, oil production is accompanied by substantial volumes of associated gas (AG) which makes AG utilization critical, since volume of gas produced is excessive for own use and insufficient for monetization.
Quantitative Evaluation of Interaction Between CO2 and Micro-Nano Pore-Throat-Fracture System of Supercritical CO2 Flood in Unconventional Tight Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Tiantai , Gao Yuan
Published: October 2016

Supercritical CO2 flooding in unconventional tight sandstone reservoir is characterised as the complex changeable and irregular effects on the properties of crude oil and the system of pore-throat-fracture in formation. In the light of the above problems, being aimed at a typical unconventional tight sandstone reservoir, such a new thinking and methods as the methods of combining multiple experiment and test measurements, the methods from qualitative analysis to quantitative evaluation, the methods from phenomenon observation to essence revelation, and the methods from data statistics and analyzing to representation model setting up are putforwarded and used to study those problems comprehensively. In the CO2 displacement process, asphaltene, resin, and paraffin are easily to be separated out from crude oil. Meanwhile, pore throats in rock formation can be blocked by the precipitate. In addition, when CO2was dissolved into formation water, PH value of the formation water was changed to be weakly acidic which has a certain dissolution for part of mineral composition of formation core, increasing the pore volume of reservoir. This article will launch the quantitative evaluation of the effects on these two factors on the pore throat system. By changing the experimental conditions to determine the amount of asphalt component in the core during whole experiment, then using the advanced and reasonable test technology to analysis the result after the experiment. The results showed that the recovery ratio of kerosene and oil increased with changing the experimental conditions. The recovery of kerosene raised with increasing pressure and volume. The increased range permeability of nature core rised the highest (6.7%) when the pressure was 26 MPa; The main reason for this phenomenon is acidification in the system of pore-throat-fracture. Less than 26 Mpa, the recovery of kerosene raised with increasing pressure. The amount of asphaltene deposition reached the greatest (51.3%) when the pressure was 29 Mpa. The decreased range of core permeability reduced the lowest (31%) when the pressure was 29 Mpa. The amount of asphaltene deposition and the decreased range of core permeability increased first and then reduced with increasing injection pressure and injection volume of CO2.
Technology Design of Efficient Utilization of Associated Petroleum Gas APG and Possibilities of Its Realization by Pump-Booster and Pump-Ejector Systems
Authors: Verbitsky Vladimir S. , Igrevsky Leonid V. , Fedorov Aleksei E. , Goridko Kirill A. , Gubkin Aleksei V.
Published: October 2016

One of the negative factors that reduce the oil industry efficiency in Russia is the problem of flaring of associated petroleum gas (APG) in flares. In this article complex issue of APG rational use is described as illustrated by one of hydrocarbon field of Russia. Tasks of research were chosen based on a detailed study of the field infrastructure and geological and physical characteristics of the design this formation. It was done to design SWAG technology with simultaneous gas withdrawal from the low pressure separation stages, respectively to reduce flaring APG.
3D Numerical Simulation of Pressure/Temperature Dynamics in Well with Fracture
Authors: Pityuk Yu. A. , Davletbayev A. Ya. , Musin A. A. , Marin D. F. , Seltikova E. V. , Zarafutdinov I. A. , Kovaleva L. A. , Fursov G. A. , Nazargalin E. R. , Mustafin D. A.
Published: October 2016

Resume

Interpretation of well testing data allows one to estimate the reservoir state and to choose the corresponding well interventions. However, pressure transient test does not provide detailed information about the state of bottomhole formation zone. One of the methods to increase the number of defined parameters is consideration of temperature dynamics in flowing or shut-in well.

The goal of the present work is development of program code for numerical study of temperature and pressure in production and injection wells. Numerical technique is based on the finite-volume method. Mathematical model describing the distribution of temperature and pressure in the reservoir and the well, taking into account the effects of temperature, such as the Joule-Thomson effect and adiabatic expansion, is considered. Three-dimensional statement allows one to consider complex geometry of the well, hydraulic fractures of different geometry and the anisotropy of the formation.

On the base of numerical simulation the comparative analysis of temperature and pressure distribution in the reservoir and the well with and without fracture is conducted. It is shown that the consideration of the full model "well-formation" is important, because the temperature dynamics in the well and bottomhole formation zone can differ essentially. It is observed that the temperature front in hydraulic fracture propagates faster, than in the reservoir. Effects influencing on the temperature in the injection well differ significantly from the temperature effects appearing in production wells. In production wells the appearance of throttling warm up of liquid on the borders "well-reservoir" and "fracture-reservoir" is observed, the temperature effects are stronger in the presence of the fracture. It is observed the rapid cooling of productive formation due to the convective thermal conductivity and gradual cooling of surrounding rocks due to the conductive thermal conductivity in wells with cold injection.

Developed program code can be useful to design well interventions for cleaning of bottomhole formation zone due to detailed information about state of bottomhole formation zone and hydraulic fracture.
Reservoir Engineering and Infrastructure Development of Oil and Gas Condensate Field Using the Integrated Formation-Well-Surface Infrastructure Model
Authors: Yazkov A. V. , Gorobets V. E. , Zagaynov A. N. , Yazkov A. V. , Kudrin P. A. , Poushev A. V. , Nerodenko D. G. , Minikayev F. M.
Published: October 2016

Development of oil, gas and condensate fields assumes simultaneous production of both free gas with condensate and oil with breakthrough gas. In this case, infrastructure solutions must be flexible and maximally fit for purposes of collection and treatment of all produced fluids. Joint planning of field development and infrastructure arrangement takes on a great importance as it is necessary to align solving of subsurface hydrodynamics, transportation of products in wellbore and collection system problems.

A great number of producer companies throughout the world use the "Formation-Well-Surface Infrastructure" integrated models for planning of development and infrastructure arrangement which allow forecasting the performance factors with a high degree of accuracy covering not only field development and geological aspects but the limitations of the surface infrastructure, including pipelines, areal facilities and economic conditions.

The most important task of the integrated modeling is the correct forecast and optimization of performance factors with account for all existing limitations of reservoir, well design, downhole equipment, products collection and treatment system.

This article considers the existing "Formation-Well-Surface Infrastructure" model of one of the multipay oil, gas and condensate fields of the Western Siberia. Description of the integrated model development stages is given which includes a creation of digital models of oil and gas wells with complex completion systems, models of collection systems for all products and a reservoir simulation model of the field.

Examples of a solution of application tasks for optimization using the generated integrated model are given which allow significantly improving quality of the adopted solutions by covering of all production system components "from reservoir to collection and transportation of hydrocarbons" integrated into a single model.
Integrated Uncertainty Quantification for Development Planning of a Large Field
Authors: Budilin Miroslav , Nurullina Aliia , Koryuzlov Andrey , Aldana Wilfredo , Bernuzzi Nestor , Arnez Roberto , Muryzhnikov Anton , Smirnov Ilya , Eydinov Dmitry
Published: October 2016

Oil companies invest significant human and money resources on decisions about field development planning. Often these decisions have to be made based on limited information under tight time constraints. Historically, numerical simulation is one of the main tools in the process. In most cases, the investigations remain limited to single realizations or at best for several representative model cases. However, in order to make reliable decisions about field development the whole range of possible realizations has to be taken into account.

Ideally, a complete study of production forecasting has to include all types of uncertainty in the reservoir: the structure model, reservoir property distributions, fluid properties, well parameters, etc. But unfortunately an extensive volume and complexity of simulations, limited project time, limited hard and production data, great number of uncertainties, and wide range of initial fluid properties make the problem extremely challenging. In reality even detailed uncertainty studies include only several geological model realizations and a few of the most sensitive parameters at the simulation model level.

In this work, we consider a practical case of an integrated uncertainty assessment study for a large multi-layered oil field with more than 200 projected wells. The workflow applied includes various uncertainties from different conceptual steps: reservoir structure, reservoir properties, absolute and relative permeability parameters in the simulation model and well productivity parameters that represent technological uncertainties. The key objective of the project was to locate conceptually different models that match historical production data and carry out a detailed investigation of the prediction scenarios for the next 25 years on the field level and optimize the development plan based on multiple history matching solutions. The project team has built a unique assisted history matching workflow that allows to have multiple solutions to the problem. As a result of several series of simulations, 83 different realizations of the model with equally good match quality were found. These models were used as the basis for probabilistic forecasting and optimization of various development scenarios with account for uncertainty.
Incremental Oil Recovery Due to Low-Salinity Waterflooding: Pervomaiskoye Oil Field Case Study
Authors: Akhmetgareev Vadim , Khisamov Rais
Published: October 2016

The objective of the paper is to assess incremental oil production due to low-salinity waterflooding (LSW) in the Pervomaiskoye oil field operated by PJSC TATNEFT vs. conventional waterflooding by high-salinity water. In this field, low-salinity water has been injected for a relatively lengthy period enabling to assess the effects of low-salinity flooding.

The procedure was as follows. Laboratory coreflood experiments included preparation of cores, their saturation with formation water and oil, core flooding using high-salinity and low-salinity water. In both cases, oil production was recorded and fines release was analyzed. Core test results were adjusted using a special numerical fines migration model, and relative permeabilities were calculated. Then a 3D model was built and history matched using the function that allows change of relative permeability to water. After this, the model was recalculated without this function and incremental oil production due to LSW was estimated.

3D modeling showed that cumulative additional oil production due to LSW in Pervomaiskoye oil field is 4.2 million m3, incremental oil recovery is 3.5 %. The effect was prominent in wells with wellstream water cut from 20 % to 90 %.

Targeted application of LSW is recommended – in injection wells as an EOR method when wellstream water cut ranges from 20 % to 90 %, and in production wells as a water control technology.
Screening Evaluation of EOR Methods Based on Fuzzy Logic and Bayesian Inference Mechanisms
Authors: Suleimanov B. A. , Ismailov F. S. , Dyshin O. A. , Veliyev E. F.
Published: October 2016

The choice of Enhanced Oil Recovery methods for specific reservoir conditions is one of the most difficult tasks for a reservoir engineer. Taber gave informative overview of Enhanced Oil Recovery research history. He also offered technical screening guides for Enhanced Oil Recovery nowadays known as Taber's tables. It should be noted that the approach recommended by Taber could not be taken as strong mathematical ranking of Enhanced Oil Recovery methods.

This paper proposes approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery methods selection, based on fuzzy logic, possibility theory and Bayesian inference mechanisms. Ranking made by way of best Enhanced Oil Recovery method selection for every criteria using fuzzy intervals comparison. Final correction of each Enhanced Oil Recovery selection coefficient performs by the generalized Bayesian inference mechanisms.

Application of this methodology for reservoir conditions of Alberta oil field allowed choosing the most effective EOR method, confirming the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Modeling and Optimization of Waterflooding in Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Abdul-Latif Benson Lamidi , Dziwornu Christian Kwesi , Phu Ha Nguyen , Riverson Oppong
Published: October 2016

Most secondary recovery projects are usually not commenced in a gas or oil reservoir until dictated by the reservoir depleting pressure or by the gas-oil-ratio (GOR) or declining productivity index of the reservoir. During this process it is required to effectively disperse an injection pattern to prevent the oil banks from fleeing away from the production wells. Gas condensate reservoirs usually are produced using primary depletion techniques, which averagely is inefficient for producing the valuable liquid components in the form of condensed liquid. Though the most common approach used to improve liquid productivity in gas condensate reservoirs is the method of recycling produced gas through the reservoir, this technique is economically not friendly due to the fact that larger discounts are usually applied on gas sale values for delayed selling. This paper presents a technique of improving liquid productivity in gas condensate wells by keeping the reservoir pressure above the dew point pressure. Water injection in a gas condensate simulation model with equal well spacing patterns in five- and seven-spot developmental patterns is used.

Simulation results showed that continued water injection resulted in optimum hydrocarbon recovery of 15% and 27% respectively of initial mass higher than primary depletion for gas condensate reservoir with condensate gas ratio of 190 STB/MMscf and 300 STB/MMscf. These results vividly demonstrate that waterflooding of gas condensate wells can perhaps be used as an effective improved oil recovery technique.
Integrated Study of Thin Sections: Optical Petrography and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Varfolomeev I. , Yakimchuk I. , Denisenko A. , Khasanov I. , Osinceva N. , Rahmattulina A.
Published: October 2016

The aim of the work is the study of structural and textural parameters of sedimentary rocks with application of wide complex of modern technical instruments including mathematical and software methods for data acquisition and processing. We have considered the capabilities of investigation of mineral content and its spatial distributions in thin section by using of two imaging techniques with different resolution and nature of registered signal. It confirmed the need for complementary study of the data of various physical methods.
Using the Scattered Waves for Detecting the Fractured Zones in Cambrian Sediments in the Southern Part of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Anokhina E. , Erokhin G. , Kirichek A. , Nazarova M.
Published: October 2016

Scattered waves detection of fractured zones in the high salinity waters dolomite layers of the Lower Cambrian saliferous-carbonaceous complex which are characterized by higher than normal formation pressures. When hole boring in the fractured zones, catastrophic drilling mud absorption, gas ingress, casing columns crush in some wells are observed. Identification of such zones when designing and building wells will allow avoiding complications and damages while drilling.
Capabilities and Limitations of Electromagnetic Techniques in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Oshmarin R. A. , Ostankov A. V. , Kompaniets S. V. , Tokareva O. V.
Published: October 2016

Transient electromagnetic soundingmethod (TEM) is a part of the surface geophysical methods' combination for the south of Siberian platform sedimentary cover studies and oil-and-gas exploration tasks' performance. The region's geological cross-section is beneficial in terms of its studying with the use of electromagnetic sounding as the cumulative conductivity does not exceed 30-50 S, and the horizons that build it up show contrasting geoelectrical properties (Mandelbaum, 1983, Pospeyev, Buddo, Agafonov 2010).

The work represents the evolution of approaches to TEM data interpretation as case study of one of the typical fields Nepsko-Botuobinskaya zone, defines the ways and possibilities of increasing the electromagnetic research resolution, shows approaches of TEM data analysis base on integrated interpretation with CDP data.

Based on the acquired experience, uncertainty analysis, verification of predictions, the authors concluded that the key capabilities and limitations of the TEM due to both geological factors and physics TEM method. It also considers opportunities of resolving the associated tasks of tectonic dislocations', salinity zones' and basement noses' studies.
Features of Thermo-Hydrodynamic Processes in Horizontal Wells with Variable Trajectory
Authors: Valiullin R. , Sharafutdinov R. , Yarullin R. , Ramazanov A. , Sharipov A. , Khabirov T. , Nizaeva I.
Published: October 2016

Planning, conducting and interpreting production logging data of operating horizontal wells is a complicated problem. It is accounted for by special aspects of thermo-hydrodynamic processes taking place under the conditions of a complex wellbore trajectory with uprise, horizontal and topdown sections that affect the distribution of phasal velocities and position of interphase boundary. There are favourable conditions for countercurrent flow to be formed in the uprise sections which distorts the readings of a flowmeter and forms atypical distribution of temperature field in the flow. It is impossible to take into account complex influence of these factors using only deduction and gained experience. Thus, it is essential to apply mathematical modeling when interpreting thermal hydrodynamic data of operating horizontal wells.

Mathematical models for calculating holdups, velocities, temperature distribution of cocurrent and countercurrent oil-water flow are considered in present paper. The results of calculation and their analysis are presented in the work, the results of well surveys are being discussed.
Determination of Invaded Zone Properties from Time-Lapse Induction Logging Measurements Based on Invasion Simulation and Electromagnetic Modeling
Authors: Podberezhny M. , Polushkin S. , Marketz F. , Makarov A. , Sviridov M. , Mosin A.
Published: October 2016

The Salym Petroleum Company uses a perforated liner to complete horizontal wells. Selection of the chemical composition of the mud, as well as an appropriate strategy for the future development of the well, requires knowledge of properties of the invaded zone. The main objective of the study was to determine the evolution stages and properties of an invaded zone using induction logging while drilling (LWD) and repeated LWD measurements. For this purpose, numerical modeling of the invasion zone evolution and modeling of the induction logging signals were performed.

The modeling showed a good correlation between LWD measurements taken at different times after reservoir drilling. We confirmed that invasion zone evolution modeling enables determination of the true properties of the uninvaded formation and further optimizes well development. Specifically, evolution of the invaded zone can be studied by using sets of induction LWD measurements acquired at different times.
High Gas-Oil Ration Separator Units
Authors: Andreeva V. R. , Ivashov A. Yu. , Kotin K. A. , Voltsov A. A.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this work is to analyze the separator unit design advantages and disadvantages for fields with high gas-oil ratio.

As a matter of course the following tasks have been set: –Analysis of the commonly accepted design, consisting of three separate units: preliminary gas treatment device (PGTD), two or three phase separator and the gas separator;–Analysis of the two modernized input separation unit design approaches suggested by authors.

Operation of oil and gas-condensate fields is complicated by significant gas factor and the slug or plug flow. According to the commonly accepted design, at the beginning gas-liquid mixture (GLM) enters preliminary gas treatment device intended for extraction of free gas released from the well stream in the pipeline and for liquid pulsations removal.

After preliminary gas treatment device gas, oil and mixture flows in three phase separator. The gas released in PGTD and three phase separator flows to cleaning from capillary liquid in the gas separator and then distributed to the consumers.

The disadvantage of the commonly accepted design is significant metal consumption and large size of the site.

The advantage of this design is the ability of one separator shutdown without stopping another.

Instead of PGTD, three phase and gas separator standalone usage, authors suggest to use a combined input separation unit, modifications of which are discussed below.

For each option PGTD has been improved, it began to play the role of the input inclined pipelines.

The first option is for gas condensate fields. Gas-liquid mixture flows through preliminary gas treatment device to centrifugal gas separator (GSC) located directly on three phase separator, which immediately separates and cleans gas from liquid that is drained by gravity force into the underlying vessel.

The second option is designed for oil and gas fields or oil with high gas-oil ratio. A key feature of the second modification from the first is the flow of a GLM after preliminary gas treatment device not to a GSC, but to a centrifugal input device that is made in form of cap installed on three-phase separator and designed for gas-liquid separation. Final cleaning of gas takes place in the centrifugal gas separator that is also located on unit.
Isolation of Casing Leaks Using Expandable Systems at Lukoil – Western Siberia Wells
Authors: Chertenkov M. , Sorokin E. , Bessel V. , Fomin M. , Mamedbekov O.
Published: October 2016

Production losses attributable to idle well stock were estimated based on the analysis of 2014-2015 oil production data of Russian vertically integrated oil companies (VIOC). It was shown that one of the main reasons for deactivation of wells is production casing leaks during well operation. The oil production losses of Russian VIOC caused by production casing leaks were estimated. A method is proposed to eliminate production casing leak intervals by expandable systems that employ a hydromechanical expansion method. The results of field application in wells of Povkhneftegaz of LUKOIL-Western Siberia and advantages of application of expandable systems for water shutoff are shown.
Anomalous Achimov and Bazhenov Sequence's Modeling
Authors: Laptey A. , Dolmatova S.
Published: October 2016

Optimization of oil field development systems is largely determined by the quality of geological and flow simulation models of deposits of those fields. Building a detailed geological model with the purpose to improve the predictive accuracy depends on the reliability of reservoir properties, completeness of a priori geological and geophysical data for modeling, and mathematical modeling methods used to estimate the 3D-distribution of reservoir properties.

This article describes the aspects of formation of the Achimov targets and intrusion bodies confined to regional clinoform buildups.

When considering the underwater landslide hypothesis of the development of anomalous section areas of the Bazhenov Formation (ASB), a geomechanical model of ASB ([1], Grishkevich V.F., 2015) unit was proposed. It became the basis for the experiments on physical modeling the results of which confirm the underwater landslide hypothesis of formation of anomalous sections, demonstrate the processes of penetration of the Bazhenov Formation by Achimov landslides bodies, the development of the system of regular fractures and separate bazhenite "islands" with a possible lateral shift and vertical cleavage of bazhenite plates. The results of physical modeling are consistent with the 3D seismic materials.

The article suggests the main principles of geological modeling of multilayer targets complicated by the areas of anomalous sections of the Bazhenov Formation. According to those principles, the geological models of Achimov targets (Ach) and its intrusion bodies (J0) of Severo-Konitlorskoye + Severo-Kochevskoye, Imilorskoye + Zapadno-Imilorskoye and Istochnoye, Severo-Potochnoye, and Potochnoye fields were built.

It is recommended to use the proposed principles for the geological modeling of the LUKOIL-Western Siberia LLC fields which are complicated by the ASB areas.

The proposed principles can be applied when creating the structural framework and building geological models of the fields with productive sediments of Achimov interval and its intrusion bodies.
Turbodrill and Screw Motor: Development Dialectics
Authors: Simonyants Sergey L.
Published: October 2016

In Russia oil and gas wells are mainly drilled with downhole hydraulic motors (DHM).

In the second half of the 20th century turbodrills, which are high-speed downhole motors, found wide application in large-scale drilling in Volga-Ural region, and further in Western Siberia. The most commonly used type of rock-cutting tool was a tricone bit with "open" bearings working in high-speed mode. Also, diamond bits were used to penetrate deep hard rocks. More than 80% of wells were drilled with turbodrills at that time. Putting into practice tricone bits with sealed oil-filled bearings required application of low-speed downhole motors, so downhole screw motors now dominated as a bit drive in large-scale drilling, which was also boosted by the introduction of high performance PDC bits. Compared to high-speed turbodrills, downhole screw motors are low-speed motors with increased torque, they are also known as Positive-displacement motors (PDM). Comparison of turbodrill and PDM energy characteristics shows that turbodrill has a so-called "soft" torque dependence on rotation speed, whereas in PDM it is "hard". That is why with PDM, drilling mode parameters are more stable. On the other hand, in the process of drilling and downhole motor wear turbodrill energy characteristic does not change much, whereas PDM demonstrates significant decrease of energy parameters. Furthermore, the level of lateral vibrations generated by PDM is also high, which has a negative effect on the wellbore quality.

Turbodrill and PDM differ essentially, each having specific advantages and drawbacks. However, they are technical means of one and the same drilling method. Today, each type of DHM has its own area of effective application.
Isoprenaline infusion in the peripartum period for a parturient with congenital complete heart block
Authors: Arachchige Nimali Lochanie Puwackwaththa , Liyanage Harshani
Published: October 2016

We describe the successful peripartum management of a patient with isolated congenital complete heart block using an isoprenaline infusion. A 21‐year‐old lady presented in established labour. She had previously been diagnosed with isolated congenital complete heart block but had never been symptomatic and was lost to follow up. Peripartum management was a therapeutic challenge due to the high risk of syncope, convulsions and sudden death from the increased demand on the heart during labour. There are no established guidelines on the management of congenital complete heart block in pregnancy. Our patient was managed successfully with an isoprenaline infusion titrated to achieve a target heart rate of 50‐60 beats.min‐1 so as to comply with the increased cardiovascular demands during labour. We believe that this is the first reported case of isoprenaline use for complete heart block in labour.
Near‐fatal trial of extubation after anterior cervical spine surgery
Authors: Ginz Hans Friedrich , Engel Ingo , Zimmerer Stefan
Published: October 2016

We report a case of a patient who suffered a near‐fatal tracheal extubation following anterior cervical spine surgery. Dislocated surgical material had compromised his airway in such a manner that subsequent tracheal re‐intubation was unsuccessful. Only bag/valve/mask ventilation and emergency tracheostomy saved his life. Although clinical symptoms indicated the possibility of post‐extubation problems, tracheal extubation was still performed. Hypersalivation should be regarded as an early sign of oesophageal and/or airway compromise, and should not be dismissed. Before attempting extubation, these patients should undergo laryngoscopy and radiograph of the cervical spine or computerised tomography (CT) scan to exclude oedema and surgical material dislocation.
Structural improvements on hydrodynamic separators: a computational fluid dynamics approach
Authors: Mendoza Joseph Albert , Lee Dong Hoon , Lee Sang-Il , Kang Joo-Hyon
Published: October 2016

Hydrodynamic separators (HDSs) have been used extensively to reduce stormwater pollutants from urbanized areas before entering the receiving water bodies. They primarily remove particulates and associated pollutants using gravity settling. Two types of HDSs with different structural configurations of the inner vortex-inducing components were presented in this study. One configuration consisted of a dip cylindrical plate with a center shaft while the other one has a hollow screen inside. With the help of computational fluid dynamics, the performance of these different types of HDSs have been evaluated and comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the particle removal efficiency was better with the cylindrical plate type HDSs than the screen type HDSs because of the larger swirling flow regime formed inside the device. Plate type HDSs were found more effective in removing fine particles (∼50 μm) than the screen type HDSs that were only efficient in removing large particles (≥250 μm). Structural improvements in a HDS such as increase in diameter and angle of the inlet pipe can enhance the removal efficiencies by up to 20% for plate type HDS while increase in the screen diameter can increase removal efficiencies of the screen type HDS.