bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid, automated, and experimenter-free touchscreen testing reveals reciprocal interactions between cognitive flexibility and activity-based anorexia in female rats
Authors: Huang Kaixin , Milton Laura K , Dempsey Harry , Power Stephen J , Conn Kyna-Anne , Andrews Zane B , Foldi Claire J
Published: June 2023

Anorexia nervosa has among the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder and is characterized by cognitive inflexibility that persists after weight recovery and contributes to the chronic nature of the condition. What remains unknown is whether cognitive inflexibility predisposes individuals to anorexia nervosa, a question that is difficult to address in human studies. Our previous work using the most well-established animal model of anorexia nervosa, known as activity-based anorexia (ABA) identified a neurobiological link between cognitive inflexibility and susceptibility to pathological weight loss in female rats. However, testing flexible learning prior to exposure to ABA in the same animals has been thus far impossible due to the length of training required and the necessity of daily handling, which can itself influence the development of ABA. Here, we describe experiments that validate and optimize the first fully-automated and experimenter-free touchscreen cognitive testing system for rats and use this novel system to examine the reciprocal links between reversal learning (an assay of cognitive flexibility) and weight loss in the ABA model. First, we show substantially reduced testing time and increased throughput compared to conventional touchscreen testing methods because animals engage in test sessions at their own direction and can complete multiple sessions per day without experimenter involvement. We also show that, contrary to expectations, cognitive inflexibility measured by this reversal learning task does not predispose rats to pathological weight loss in ABA. Instead, rats that were predisposed to weight loss in ABA were more quickly able to learn this reversal task prior to ABA exposure. Intriguingly, we show reciprocal links between ABA exposure and cognitive flexibility, with ABA-exposed (but weight-recovered) rats performing much worse than ABA naïve rats on the reversal learning task, an impairment that did not occur to the same extent in rats exposed to food restriction conditions alone. On the other hand, animals that had been trained on reversal learning were better able to resist weight loss upon subsequent exposure to the ABA model. We also uncovered some stable behavioral differences between ABA susceptible versus resistant rats during touchscreen test sessions using machine learning tools that highlight possible predictors of anorectic phenotypes. These findings shed new light on the relationship between cognitive inflexibility and pathological weight loss and provide targets for future studies using the ABA model to investigate potential novel pharmacotherapies for anorexia nervosa.
Event-related modulation of alpha rhythm explains the auditory P300-evoked response in EEG
Authors: Studenova Alina , Forster Carina , Engemann Denis Alexander , Hensch Tilman , Sanders Christian , Mauche Nicole , Hegerl Ulrich , Loffler Markus , Villringer Arno , Nikulin Vadim
Published: June 2023

Evoked responses and oscillations represent two major electrophysiological phenomena in the human brain yet the link between them remains rather obscure. Here we show how most frequently studied EEG signals: the P300-evoked response and alpha oscillations (8–12 Hz) can be linked with the baseline-shift mechanism. This mechanism states that oscillations generate evoked responses if oscillations have a non-zero mean and their amplitude is modulated by the stimulus. Therefore, the following predictions should hold: (1) the temporal evolution of P300 and alpha amplitude is similar, (2) spatial localisations of the P300 and alpha amplitude modulation overlap, (3) oscillations are non-zero mean, (4) P300 and alpha amplitude correlate with cognitive scores in a similar fashion. To validate these predictions, we analysed the data set of elderly participants (N=2230, 60–82 years old), using (a) resting-state EEG recordings to quantify the mean of oscillations, (b) the event-related data, to extract parameters of P300 and alpha rhythm amplitude envelope. We showed that P300 is indeed linked to alpha rhythm, according to all four predictions. Our results provide an unifying view on the interdependency of evoked responses and neuronal oscillations and suggest that P300, at least partly, is generated by the modulation of alpha oscillations.
Transposon mutagenesis screen in Klebsiella pneumoniae identifies genetic determinants required for growth in human urine and serum
Authors: Gray Jessica , Torres Von Vergel L , Goodall Emily , McKeand Samantha A , Scales Danielle , Collins Christy , Wetherall Laura , Lian Zheng Jie , Bryant Jack A , Milner Matthew T , Dunne Karl A , Icke Christopher , Rooke Jessica L , Schneiders Thamarai , Lund Peter A , Cunningham Adam F , Cole Jeff A , Henderson Ian R
Published: June 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a global public health concern due to the rising myriad of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant clones both alarmingly associated with high mortality. The molecular mechanisms underpinning these recalcitrant K. pneumoniae infection, and how virulence is coupled with the emergence of lineages resistant to nearly all present-day clinically important antimicrobials, are unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screen in K. pneumoniae ECL8, a member of the endemic K2-ST375 pathotype most often reported in Asia, to define genes essential for growth in a nutrient-rich laboratory medium (Luria-Bertani [LB] medium), human urine, and serum. Through transposon directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS), a total of 427 genes were identified as essential for growth on LB agar, whereas transposon insertions in 11 and 144 genes decreased fitness for growth in either urine or serum, respectively. These studies not only provide further knowledge on the genetics of this pathogen but also provide a strong impetus for discovering new antimicrobial targets to improve current therapeutic options for K. pneumoniae infections.
Influencing factors of cardiac valve calcification (CVC) in patients with chronic kidney disease and the impact of CVC on long-term prognosis: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Wang Ju , Xiao Jianping , Wang Ruifeng , Wang Deguang
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of cardiac valve calcification (CVC) on the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

A total of 343 CKD patients were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of cardiac valve calcification. All patients were followed until death, loss to follow-up, or the end point of the study (December 2021).

Results

The incidence of CVC among the 343 CKD patients was 29.7%, including 21 cases of mitral valve calcification, 63 cases of aortic valve calcification, and 18 cases of mitral valve combined with aortic valve calcification. The incidence of CVC in CKD stages 1–2 was 0.3%, 5.2% in CKD stages 3–4, and 24.2% in CKD stage 5 (P < 0.05). Advanced age, higher serum albumin, higher cystatin C and lower uric acid levels were all associated with a higher risk of CVC. After six years of follow-up, 77 patients (22.4%) died. The causes of death were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in 36 cases (46.7%), infection in 29 cases (37.7%), gastrointestinal bleeding in nine cases (11.7%), and “other” in the remaining three cases (3.9%). A Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients with CVC was lower than that of patients without CVC.

Conclusion

The incidence of CVC, mainly aortic calcification, is high in patients with CKD. Advanced age, higher serum albumin and higher cystatin C levels were associated with a higher risk of CVC. Hyperuricemia was associated with a lower risk of CVC. The overall survival rate of patients with CVC was lower than that of patients without CVC.
Positive Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury with Haematoma and Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Khotle Anjali , Parihar Akhilesh Singh , Bombaywala Ibrahim , Gadkari Charuta
Published: June 2023

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is described as the break in natural functioning of the brain caused due to any kind of trauma to the head. The injury to head can cause distinctive types of haemorrhages namely, Epidural Haematoma (EDH), subdural haematoma (SDH), Subarachnoid Haematoma (SAH) and Intra-Parenchymal Haematoma (IPH), SAH and SDH being the more common ones. Acute subdural haematomas often occur in patients suffering from falls and motor vehicle crashes, resulting in compression, and swelling of the brain that increases the intracranial pressure. When both compression and swelling occur, mortality and morbidity can be high. In the following case, the patient presented with both intracranial as well as extracranial haematomas in moderation and got cured during a week of hospital stay with almost minor functional and neurological disability as indicated by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and other variables. As per current evidence the best way to minimise long-term disability in moderate and severe TBI is extensive multidisciplinary post TBI rehabilitation.
The Mechanization thought and its Characteristics Contained in Newton's Mathematics
Authors: Yang Xintong
Published: June 2023

Understanding the characteristics of Newtonian mathematics is of great value. By analyzing some of Newton’s representative mathematical contents, we found that: Newton used the thought of mathematical mechanization in his mathematics. Newton applied the thought of mathematical mechanization to the study not only of calculus but of arithmetic, algebra, polynomials, higher-order equation, geometry, series, differential equation, etc. Newton’s application of this thought in traditional mathematics is very similar to that of ancient Chinese mathematicians. While in modern mathematics, his procedures are briefer, faster, and more comprehensive than that of other mathematicians at that time. Newton’s wide application of the thought of mathematical mechanization strongly promoted the development of Western mathematics. Like Descartes and Leibniz, Newton was also a pioneer of the development and practical application of the thought of mathematical mechanization in the Western world.
Examining the Learner-Teacher Digital Divide: Implications for Learning in Basic Education Classes - Insights from Teachers in Botswana
Authors: Mogapi M. , Kagiso B. , Gabajesane I.
Published: June 2023

The world has witnessed a technological revolution that has impacted almost all spheres of life. Technology is transforming the way people interact and do their everyday activities. This technological revolution has also transformed the teaching and learning space; now, the effectiveness of traditional teaching method is being challenged. However, technological advances are not universally available leading to a phenomenon called digital divided. In the classroom, empirical evidence has revealed a discrepancy between teachers and learners concerning ownership and use of technological devices. In some cases, teachers have more computer skills than learners; in other cases, learners are embracing technology more than their teachers. This disparity may serve to inhibit rather than facilitate learning.  The constructivist paradigm was applied to enhance the dependability of the data and the credibility of the inferences drawn from the data. Purposive sampling technique facilitated select of information-rich participants or teachers who were able to give a detailed account of the digital gap phenomenon in schools. Structured interviews and focus group sessions were used to capture the livid experiences and perspectives of the teachers. Diffusion of innovation theory, technological acceptance model and technological pedagogical content knowledge framework were also used to explain the level of technology acceptance in schools. The findings of the study pointed towards the existence of the digital divide with learners embracing technology much faster than the teachers. Younger teachers were reported to be interested in the use of technology more than long-serving teachers. The paper presents solutions aimed at reducing the digital gap.
The Influence of Digital Literacy on Learning Effectiveness Through Classroom Management
Authors: Muntu Debby Fransisca , Yuliana Oviliani Yenty , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada
Published: June 2023

Digital Literacy is essential in the post-pandemic era. Teachers use Digital Literacy to provide learning materials, conduct the teaching process, and conduct evaluations online. However, Digital Literacy requires adequate information technology infrastructure to produce classroom management and learning effectiveness on an ongoing basis. The study used questionnaires to obtain data on Christian-based schools in Surabaya. The questionnaires were distributed to as many as 363 through a Google form, and 132 were filled out again. Data processing used partial least square. The results showed that digital literacy has an impact on classroom management. Classroom management influences learning effectiveness. Digital literacy affects learning effectiveness through classroom management. Digital Literacy has not influenced classroom management and learning effectiveness with information technology infrastructure as a moderating variable. This research provides a practical contribution for education managers to understand the adjustment of IT infrastructure to make digital literacy the basis for managing class management. In addition, teaching staff must be educated to keep abreast of technological developments to support the teaching process and improve class management. The study enriches the theory of the use of technology in education and interactional education in the classroom.
ESTEREÓTIPO DE GÊNERO E O ENTENDIMENTO DA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS NO CASO “BARBOSA DE SOUZA E OUTROS VS. BRASIL”
Authors: Cunha Daltro Ana Clara
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo objetiva realizar uma breve análise acerca do estereótipo de gênero, com base no entendimento da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) na decisão proferida, em 7 de setembro de 2021, no  caso “Barbosa de Souza e outros vs. Brasil”. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, estabelecerá os conceitos iniciais acerca do estereótipo e do gênero, para assim, posteriormente, estabelecer como ocorre a relação e a influência do estereótipo de gênero nos Tribunais Judiciais, em especial, no Tribunal Penal Brasileiro. Por fim, por meio da análise da supramencionada sentença, caberá entender como a CIDH se posiciona sobre o tema. Desta forma, este artigo pretende discutir acerca da imparcialidade judicial, expondo que os agentes da lei, tanto no processo investigativo quanto no processual penal, são influenciados por valores patriarcais, gerando, assim, a perpetuação da violência contra a mulher.
Seasonality in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations and Immunoprophylaxis
Authors: Kusma Jennifer D. , Macy Michelle L. , Kociolek Larry K. , Davis Matthew M. , Ramgopal Sriram
Published: June 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses whether current guidance on respiratory syncytial virus supports the current epidemiologic characteristics, treatment, and hospitalization patterns in respiratory syncytial virus.
Evaluation of Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Conditions Among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Isaksson Johan , Ruchkin Vladislav , Ljungström Therese , Bölte Sven
Published: June 2023

Importance

Low birth weight is associated with an increased likelihood of neurodivergence and neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability. However, it is unclear whether birth weight contributes independently to NDCs or whether the association is predominantly driven by genetic predisposition.

Objective

To estimate the associations between birth weight and dimensional (trait) and categorical (diagnoses) NDC outcomes, while adjusting for genetic risks.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A co-twin design was applied to this case-control study conducted in Sweden. Diagnostic assessments were conducted between August 2011 and March 2022, within the Roots of Autism and ADHD Twin Study in Sweden (RATSS) during a 2.5-day participant visit to the clinic. The RATSS sample comprised phenotyped monozygotic and dizygotic twins enriched for NDCs. Data analysis was conducted in November 2022.

Exposure

Birth weight.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Categorical and dimensional operationalizations of autism, ADHD, and intellectual disability were assessed. Generalized estimating equation models were fitted across and within twin pairs.

Results

The study sample included 393 twins: 230 were monozygotic and 159 were dizygotic (zygosity was unknown for 4). Their median age was 15 (range, 8-37) years. There were 185 female participants (47.1%) and 208 male participants (52.9%). Across twin pairs, higher birth weight was associated with fewer autistic traits (unstandardized β [B], −5.51 [95% CI, −10.09 to −0.94]) and lower odds of autism diagnosis (OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.88]) and intellectual disability (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.19 to 0.92]). Within pairs, the association between birth weight and dimensional autism (B, −17.35 [95% CI, −28.66 to −6.04]) and categorical autism (OR, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.001 to 0.42]) remained among monozygotic pairs but not dizygotic pairs. In addition, higher birth weight was associated with lower odds of ADHD diagnosis (OR, 0.003 [95% CI, 0 to 0.70]), fewer ADHD traits (B, −0.25 [95% CI, −0.39 to −0.11]), and higher IQ ratings (B, 7.43 [95% CI, 1.05 to 13.82]) among monozygotic twins.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this co-twin study suggest an association between low birth weight and NDCs, but they also acknowledge the importance of genetics because the associations observed were only statically significant among monozygotic twins. It is of pivotal importance to facilitate early identification of factors contributing to fetal growth restriction to minimize detrimental outcomes.
Urinary Tract Infection, Bacteremia, and Meningitis Among Febrile Young Infants With SARS-CoV-2 and Non–SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infections
Authors: Burstein Brett , Yannopoulos Alexandra , Dionne Kelley-Anne
Published: June 2023

This cohort study assesses the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis among infants systematically tested for SARS-CoV-2 and non–SARS-CoV-2 viruses, with a focus on invasive bacterial infections.
Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, and Osmium
Authors: Graham Jessica C. , Haley Matthew
Published: June 2023

Ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and osmium are four of the six platinum group metals (the other two are iridium and platinum). These naturally occurring metals are often found in the environment (e.g., airborne) due to their use in vehicle exhaust catalysts and consequent release in car exhaust from catalytic converters. The toxicity, absorption, distribution, and excretion of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and osmium and/or their complexes are generally dependent on the route of exposure/administration. These compounds also tend to be skin and eye irritants. Sensitization is often a concern when handling and/or exposed to these metals in the occupational setting as sensitization reactions to each of these metals and/or their complexes (aside from osmium) have been reported. Additionally, cross‐reactions (positive prick tests) in humans have been observed to platinum, palladium, iridium, and rhodium as well as to palladium and nickel. Environmental monitoring studies for several of these metals have found that the (airborne) levels are expected to be below the values thought to cause adverse health effects in humans.
Aliphatic Nitro, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds
Authors: Kyriakidis Sofianos
Published: June 2023

Although aliphatic nitro compounds, aliphatic nitrates, and aliphatic nitrites have several features in common (nitrogen–oxygen grouping, explosiveness, methemoglobin formation), there are significant differences in their toxic effects.
Synthetic Polymers—Olefin, Diene Elastomers, and Vinyl Halides
Authors: Kim Sang‐Tae
Published: June 2023

This chapter begins with a general overview of olefin, diene elastomers, and vinyl halides, followed by examples of specific polymers of each group. Olefins are widely used as intermediates for polymers and specialty chemicals. Diene elastomers, such as natural rubber (NR), polyisoprene (PI), and polybutadiene (PB), are widely used in tires, seals, dampers, gloves and shoes that require high toughness and fracture energy. The vinyl halides are easily polymerized and copolymerized with various materials such as acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and styrene, to form pliable, lightweight plastics or thermoplastic resins. The toxicological profile and environmental impact of the representative synthetic polymers of olefin, diene elastomers and vinyl halides are described in this chapter.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Multicenter Efficacy and Safety Study of Methotrexate to Increase Response Rates in Patients With Uncontrolled Gout Receiving Pegloticase: 12‐Month Findings
Authors: Botson John K. , Saag Kenneth , Peterson Jeff , Obermeyer Katie , Xin Yan , LaMoreaux Brian , Padnick‐Silver Lissa , Verma Supra , Grewal Suneet , Majjhoo Amar , Tesser John R. P. , Weinblatt Michael E.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To assess 12‐month safety and efficacy of pegloticase + methotrexate (MTX) versus pegloticase + placebo (PBO) cotherapy in a PBO‐controlled, double‐blind trial (A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter, efficacy and safety study of methotrexate to increase response rates in patients with uncontrolled gout receiving pegloticase [MIRROR RCT]).

Methods

Patients with uncontrolled gout (serum urate level [SU] ≥7 mg/dl, oral urate‐lowering therapy failure or intolerance, and presence of one or more gout symptoms [one or more tophi, two or more flares in 12 months, gouty arthropathy]) were randomized 2:1 to receive pegloticase (8‐mg infusion every 2 weeks) with blinded MTX (oral 15 mg/week) or PBO for 52 weeks. Efficacy end points included proportion of responders (SU level <6 mg/dl for ≥80% of examined month) in the intent‐to‐treat population (ITT) (all randomized patients) during month 6 (primary end point), month 9, and month 12; proportion with resolution of one or more tophi (ITT); mean SU reduction (ITT); and time to SU‐monitoring pegloticase discontinuation. Safety was evaluated via adverse event reporting and laboratory values.

Results

Month 12 response rate was significantly higher in patients cotreated with MTX (60.0% [60 of 100] vs. 30.8% [16 of 52]; difference: 29.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.2%‐44.9%], P = 0.0003), with fewer SU discontinuations (22.9% [22 of 96] vs. 63.3% [31 of 49]). Complete resolution of one or more tophi occurred in 53.8% (28 of 52) versus 31.0% (9 of 29) of MTX versus PBO patients at week 52 (difference: 22.8% [95% CI: 1.2%‐44.4%], P = 0.048), more than at week 24 (34.6% [18 of 52] vs. 13.8% [4 of 29]). Consistent with observations through month 6, pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity findings showed increased exposure and lower immunogenicity of pegloticase when administered with MTX, with an otherwise similar safety profile. No infusion reactions occurred after 24 weeks.

Conclusion

Twelve‐month MIRROR RCT data further support MTX cotherapy with pegloticase. Tophi resolution continued to increase through week 52, suggesting continued therapeutic benefit beyond month 6 for a favorable treatment effect.
At the Edges of Transparent Language
Authors: Lippit Akira Mizuta
Published: June 2023

In a cosmos‐wide philosophical text, professor of literature and cinema Akira Mizuta Lippit introduces the contradictory ontology of the penumbra – it is all and nothing, void and mass, light and dark, there and not there. Here he uses these dualities to examine the transparency of language, the naming of things, babbling, Babel and the nature of the Word.
Rhythmic Alternation: Metaphors of Light, Dark and Shadow
Authors: Corvalán Javier
Published: June 2023

The ocular‐centric methods of defining, describing and designing architecture, while still prevalent, are predicated on modernist protocols of pure white and strong light. However, recent work and research releases architecture from the dominance of seeing. The penumbra forces us to comprehend buildings often without the full advantage of sight, and to instead rely on haptic sensations, smell and sound. Architect and researcher Javier Corvalán describes this other world of the visceral experience of architecture.
Opioid presence rises in L.A. County's methamphetamine‐involved deaths
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2023

With fentanyl's influence accounting for most of the changes in local and national drug trends, it should come as no surprise that fentanyl appears to be responsible for a major shift in the profile of methamphetamine‐related deaths in Los Angeles County. A significant increase in deaths in which opioids were a contributing factor has been accompanied by a drop in deaths with associated cardiovascular factors, a primary danger of stimulant use.
Ultralow‐Dielectric‐Constant Atomic Layers of Amorphous Carbon Nitride Topologically Derived from MXene
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Du Zhiguo , Cheng Zongju , Cao Zhenjiang , Ye Yuxuan , Wang Ziming , Wei Juntian , Wei Shiqiang , Meng Xiangyu , Song Li , Gong Yongji , Yang Shubin , Guo Lin
Published: June 2023

Low‐dielectric‐constant materials such as silicon dioxide serving as interconnect insulators in current integrated circuit face a great challenge due to their relatively high dielectric constant of ≈4, twice that of the recommended value by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems, causing severe parasitic capacitance and associated response delay. Here, novel atomic layers of amorphous carbon nitride (a‐CN) are prepared via a topological conversion of MXene‐Ti3CNTx under bromine vapor. Remarkably, the assembled a‐CN film exhibits an ultralow dielectric constant of 1.69 at 100 kHz, much lower than the previously reported dielectric materials such as amorphous carbon (2.2) and fluorinated‐doped SiO2 (3.6), ascribed to the low density of 0.55 g cm−3 and high sp3 C level of 35.7%. Moreover, the a‐CN film has a breakdown strength of 5.6 MV cm−1, showing great potential in integrated circuit application.
Supramolecular Liquid Crystal Carbon Dots for Solvent‐Free Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Liu Yun , Hao Xingtian , Zhou Xingping , Peng Haiyan , Shen Zhihao , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Xie Xiaolin , Yang Bai
Published: June 2023

Recent years have witnessed the major advances of nanolights with extensive exploration of nano‐luminescent materials like carbon dots (CDs). However, solvent‐free processing of these materials remains a formidable challenge, impeding endeavors to develop advanced manufacturing techniques. Herein, in response to this challenge, liquid crystallization is demonstrated as a versatile and robust approach by deliberately anchoring flexible alkyl chains on the CDs surface. Alkyl chain grafting on the CDs surface is observed to substantially depress the common aggregation‐caused quenching effect, and results in a shift of self‐assembly structure from the crystalline phase to smectic liquid crystalline phase. The liquid‐crystalline phase‐transition temperature is ready to adjust by varying the alkyl chain length, endowing low‐temperature (<50 °C) melt‐processing capabilities. Consequently, the first case of direct ink writing (DIW) with liquid crystal (LC) carbon dots is demonstrated, giving rise to highly emissive objects with blue, green and red fluorescence, respectively. Another unexpected finding is that DIW with the LC inks dramatically outperforms DIW with isotropic inks, further highlighting the significance of the LC processing. The approach reported herein not only exhibits a fundamental advance by imparting LC functions to CDs, but also promises technological utility in DIW‐based advanced manufacturing.
Crop insurance's impact on commercial bank loan volumes: Theory and evidence
Authors: Ifft Jennifer , Kuethe Todd H. , Lyons Gregory , Schultz Alexander , Zhu John Y.
Published: June 2023

Crop insurance protects lenders by increasing the likelihood of loan repayment when revenue declines. We develop a theoretical mode that explains the role of crop insurance in agricultural lending and how impacts may be different for lenders that are not specialized in agricultural lending. We then test whether the total volume of production credit extended by commercial banks at the county level increases in response to crop insurance availability and whether the level of the response is related to bank specialization in agriculture. We use a novel difference‐in‐differences strategy based on some counties having a higher share of agricultural production that was not covered by Federal crop insurance in the 1990s. Crop insurance has a robust relationship with increased loan volumes during this period, especially in counties with fewer banks specialized in agriculture.
The effect of electric double layers, zeta potential and pH on apparent viscosity of non‐Brownian suspensions
Authors: Srinivasan Sudharsan , Van den Akker Harry E. A. , Shardt Orest
Published: June 2023

We carried out 3D simulations of monodisperse particle suspensions subjected to a constant shear rate with the view to investigate the effect of electrical double layers around the particles on apparent suspension viscosities. To this end, expressions for Debye length, zeta potential, and ionic strength (pH) of the liquid were incorporated into our in‐house lattice Boltzmann code that uses the immersed boundary method and includes subgrid lubrication models. We varied the solids concentration and particle radius, keeping the particle Reynolds number equal to 0.1. We report on results with respect to the effect of pH in the range 9 through 12 and of Debye length on apparent viscosity and spatial suspension structures, particularly at higher solids volume fractions, and on the effect of flow reversals.
Synthesis and Biodegradation of Optically Active Polymers Based on (R)‐3‐Hydroxybutyric Acid
Authors: Yokaryo Hiroto , Nakayama Atsuyoshi , Kawasaki Norioki , Yamano Naoko , Ida Sayuri , Tokiwa Yutaka
Published: June 2023

Plastics contribute to several industrial activities, but they also cause environmental pollution. Additionally, they rely on an ever‐decreasing supply of natural, but non‐renewable, resources. Such plastics should be replaced by materials that are biodegradable and made from renewable resources such as polymers. They are synthesized from plant‐derived (R)‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid and l‐lactic acid meet these requirements. Most of the synthesized poly((R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐l‐lactate) with various monomer composition ratios were degraded by enzymes (PHB depolymerase or Proteinase K). Evaluation of biodegradability in activated sludge showed that copolymers with 80% or less of l‐lactic acid units were degraded.
Civil Societies v. Nation States in Problem Solving and Mediation
Authors: Cloke Kenneth
Published: June 2023

Civil societies are simply informal, voluntary, self‐organized communities of people. They consist of the spontaneous, unofficial, social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental activities and relationships of people who interact informally alongside the formal, involuntary, hierarchically organized state—yet remain private individuals and public citizens whose lives are largely independent of it.
Artificial Intelligence and Learning about International Arbitration
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: June 2023

The world of arbitration teaching is currently awash with concerns about artificial intelligence and its effect on students, teachers, research, and lawyers and other dispute resolution professionals. A world where students no longer attend class because they can do their assignments by searching ChatGPT strikes fear into the heart of lecturers.
One‐pot synthesis of bio‐polyol from vegetable oil for preparation of bio‐polyurethane based porous sorbent with high oil adsorption capacity
Authors: Hoang Phan Huy , Dat Nguyen Minh , Hung Bui Quang
Published: June 2023

In the present work, bio‐polyol has been synthesized via controlled hydroxylation from sunflower oil in one conversion step using a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The influences of various reaction conditions for bio‐polyol synthesis such as reaction time, temperature, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide, and formic acid were investigated. The bio‐polyol was obtained from sunflower oil with hydroxyl number of 180 mg KOH/g, and functionality of 3.5 OH groups/mol. The as‐synthesized sunflower oil‐based polyol was then used for replacing fossil‐based polyol in synthesis of bio‐based polyurethane (PU), which was then simultaneously combined with coir biomass filler to fabricate the porous material with high oil adsorption capacity. The oil adsorption capacity of the new bio‐based sorbent material was relatively high, up to 14.89 g/g. In comparison with pristine PU or lignocellulosic materials, the new sorbents had higher oil adsorption capacity.
Role of wood flour on processability of marine biodegradable poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH)/poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene adipate) (PBSA) blends in cast extrusion and thermoforming of take‐away food containers
Authors: Genovesi Annalisa , Aversa Clizia , Barletta Massimiliano , Cappiello Giulia , Lignola Chiara
Published: June 2023

Plastic trays are among the most frequently occurring litter in the marine environment. The use of marine biodegradable materials to produce these items can be an effective solution to this phenomenon. Blends of Poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) and Poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene adipate) (PBSA) were produced via twin screw extrusion, sheets were then produced via cast extrusion and thermoformed into trays. The role of wood flour to improve the processability of PHBH/PBSA blends was assessed. Wood flour facilitates the pellet cutting process and reduces the cycle time of the thermoforming process. The functional properties of the thermoformed trays at 100°C were improved by the introduction of wood flour. Marine disintegration slightly decreased, going from 18.4% to 13.6% at 42 weeks, the melt flow index slightly decreased whereas the crystallinity of the blend increased.
Active damping methods to suppress the payload swing by a 3‐degree of freedom cable‐driven parallel robot
Authors: Wang Shenghai , Jin Guoliang , Li Jian , Ren Zhaopeng , Chen Haiquan , Sun Yuqing
Published: June 2023

Marine cranes play an important role in many hoisting scenes. However, due to the ship motion excitation and crane operation, the payload swing is unavoidable, hence putting the operators in danger. Thus, this paper proposes two active damping methods to suppress the payload swing by a 3‐DOF cable‐driven parallel robot (CDPR). First, the structure of the 3‐DOF CDPR is briefly introduced. Then, the dynamic model of the system is modeled as a constrained spherical pendulum with moving base excitations. Meanwhile, inspired by the air damping phenomenon, two active damping methods are presented to damp the payload swing naturally and smoothly. Furthermore, the payload swing under ship motion excitation and external hitting disturbances is analyzed, the influence mechanism of system damping parameters on the payload anti‐swing is discussed, and the robustness of the proposed damping methods is verified. By theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, some interesting discoveries are revealed: (1) the proposed damping methods can effectively suppress the big offset of payload swing angle inducing by external hitting disturbance, but the system might reach a dynamic equilibrium with a tilting hoist cable; (2) the phenomenon of “off‐center spherical pendulation” might be induced by improper setting of the damping parameters.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the recurrence of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma
Authors: Nie Zihan , Geng Jialu , Xu Xiaolin , Zhang Ruiheng , Li Dongmei
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a malignancy with fatal risk, high recurrence rate, and pagetoid spread. Thus, recurrence risk prediction and prompt treatment are extremely important. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict SGC recurrence based on potential risk factors.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study to train and test a nomogram based on the clinical data of 391 patients across our hospital (304) and other grass‐roots hospitals (87). After Cox regression, predictors included in the nomogram were selected, and sensitivity, specificity, concordance index (C‐index), etc., were calculated to test their discrimination ability.

Results

After a median follow‐up period of 4.12 years, SGC recurred in 52 (17.11%) patients. The 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 88.3%, 85.4%, and 81.6%, respectively. We examined five risk factors, such as lymph node metastasis at initial diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.260; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.021–5.007), Ki67 (HR, 1.036; 95% CI, 1.020–1.052), histology differentiation degree (HR, 2.274; 95% CI, 1.063–4.865), conjunctival pagetoid infiltration (HR, 2.100; 95% CI, 1.0058–4.167), and orbital involvement (HR, 4.764; 95% CI, 1.436–15.803). The model had good discrimination in both internal and external test sets. The model had good discrimination in both internal and external test sets. The sensitivity of the internal test and external test set were 0.722 and 0.806, respectively, and specificity of the internal test and external test set were 0.886 and 0.893, respectively.

Conclusion

We examined the potential risk factors for eyelid SGC recurrence and constructed a nomogram, which complements the TNM system in terms of prediction, indicating that our nomogram has the potential to reach clinical significance. This nomogram has the potential to assist healthcare practitioners in promptly detecting patients who are at an elevated risk and in tailoring clinical interventions to meet their individualized needs.
Portal venous gas caused by barium swallow examination: An extremely rare clinical finding
Authors: Wakabayashi Takuya , Tominaga Kentaro , Sakamaki Akira , Terai Shuji
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

We found an extremely rare case of PVG after a barium swallow examination. This may be related to vulnerable intestinal mucosa in the patient undergoing prednisolone treatment. Conservative therapy should be considered for patients with PVG without bowel ischemia or perforation. Caution should be exercised during barium examination undergoing prednisolone treatment.
A parathyroid cancer with soporous state, depression, and severe cognitive decline in acute renal failure
Authors: Vultaggio Federica , Martino Barbara , Nitro Letizia , Fuccillo Emanuela , Felisati Giovanni , De Pasquale Loredana
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Soporous state in acute renal failure represent an atypical presentation of parathyroid cancer. Complete prompt investigations and diagnosis have a fundamental role in the management of this disease

This report describes a case of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) with an uncommon first clinical presentation: soporous state, depression, and severe cognitive decline in association with acute renal failure. After discovering extremely high serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) was made and a surgical en bloc resection was performed. After the surgical intervention, the histological examination revealed the presence of a malignant parathyroid disease, thus confirming our first preoperative suspicion.
Long‐life lithium batteries enabled by a pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte
Authors: Yu Youchun , Wang Simeng , Zhang Juyan , Qian Weiwei , Zhang Nana , Shao Guangjie , Bian Haiyan , Liu Yuwen , Zhang Lan
Published: June 2023

The specific energy of Li metal batteries (LMBs) can be improved by using high‐voltage cathode materials; however, achieving long‐term stable cycling performance in the corresponding system is particularly challenging for the liquid electrolyte. Herein, a novel pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte (POSE) is prepared by introducing 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) to adjust the coordination structure between diglyme (G2) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). Surprisingly, although TTE shows little solubility to LiTFSI, the molar ratio between LiTFSI and G2 in the POSE can be increased to 1:1, which is much higher than that of the saturation state, 1:2.8. Simulation and experimental results prove that TTE promotes closer contact of the G2 molecular with Li+ in the POSE. Moreover, it also participates in the formation of electrolyte/electrode interphases. The electrolyte shows outstanding compatibility with both the Li metal anode and typical high‐voltage cathodes. Li||Li symmetric cells show a long life of more than 2000 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2. In the meantime, Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cell with the POSE shows a high reversible capacity of 134.8 mAh g−1 after 900 cycles at 4.5 V, 1 C rate. The concept of POSE can provide new insight into the Li+ solvation structure and in the design of advanced electrolytes for LMBs.
Recent Progress of Fuel‐Driven Temporary Materials
Authors: Wang Guangtong , Nan Mengmeng , Guo Kangle , Pan Yaqi , Jia Tao , Liu Shaoqin
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Fuel‐driven dissipative self‐assembly, which is a well‐established concept in recent years, refers to out‐of‐equilibrium molecular self‐assembly initiated and supported by the addition of active molecules (chemical fuel). It widely exists in nature since many temporary, active micro‐ or nanostructures in living bodies are generated by the dissipative self‐assembly of biomolecules. Therefore, the study on dissipative self‐assembly provides a good opportunity to have an insight into the microscopic mechanism of living organisms. In the meantime, dissipative assembly is thought to be a potential pathway to achieve dynamic, temporary supramolecular materials. Recently, a number of temporary materials have been developed with the aid of strategies for realizing dissipative self‐assembly. Some of their properties, including solubility, stiffness, turbidity, color, or self‐healing ability, change upon the addition of chemical fuel but spontaneously restore with chemical fuel consumption. The dynamic of these materials brings them various unprecedented functions. In this review, the principles of fabricating a fuel‐driven temporary material are first reviewed. Subsequently, recent examples of fuel‐driven temporary materials are emphatically summarized, including gels, self‐erased inks, nanoreactors, self‐healing materials, nanochannels, and droplets. Finally, the challenges of developing fuel‐driven temporary materials and some perspectives on the function and application of such kind of materials are discussed.
Outcomes after definitive radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer in a national health care delivery system
Authors: Herr Daniel J. , Elliott David A. , Duchesne Gillian , Stensland Kristian D. , Caram Megan E. V. , Chapman Christina , Burns Jennifer A. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Sparks Jordan B. , Shin Chris , Zaslavsky Alexander , Tsodikov Alexander , Skolarus Ted A.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Accurate information regarding real‐world outcomes after contemporary radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer is important for shared decision‐making. Clinically relevant end points at 10 years among men treated within a national health care delivery system were examined.

Methods

National administrative, cancer registry, and electronic health record data were used for patients undergoing definitive radiation therapy with or without concurrent androgen deprivation therapy within the Veterans Health Administration from 2005 to 2015. National Death Index data were used through 2019 for overall and prostate cancer–specific survival and identified date of incident metastatic prostate cancer using a validated natural language processing algorithm. Metastasis‐free, prostate cancer–specific, and overall survival using Kaplan–Meier methods were estimated.

Results

Among 41,735 men treated with definitive radiation therapy, the median age at diagnosis was 65 years and median follow‐up was 8.7 years. Most had intermediate (42%) and high‐risk (33%) disease, with 40% receiving androgen deprivation therapy as part of initial therapy. Unadjusted 10‐year metastasis‐free survival was 96%, 92%, and 80% for low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk disease. Similarly, unadjusted 10‐year prostate cancer–specific survival was 98%, 97%, and 90% for low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk disease. The unadjusted overall survival was lower across increasing disease risk categories at 77%, 71%, and 62% for low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk disease (p < .001).

Conclusions

These data provide population‐based 10‐year benchmarks for clinically relevant end points, including metastasis‐free survival, among patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy using contemporary techniques. The survival rates for high‐risk disease in particular suggest that outcomes have recently improved.
Machine learning based secure and efficient task allocation in multi‐cloud
Authors: Patil Bhushan , Ket Satish
Published: June 2023

Task scheduling is a critical problem in the cloud computing environment since it has a significant impact on the system's performance. Security and robust based task allocation model improves the security of real‐time solicitations whereas preserving a high‐level performance of the data center. Here, to minimize the makespan in task allocation existing research proposed a bio‐inspired algorithm in a multi‐cloud environment, but, it needs more memory to update velocity and increases the processing time. Therefore, this research proposed a Machine Learning based Secure and Efficient Task Allocation in Multi‐Cloud Environment. First, the proposed model has a task classifier module that categorizes the matching it to the appropriate VM type for the task that was submitted. The next is the task allocation module, in which, an Intellectual Gravitational Search‐Genetic Algorithm is suggested to allocate the task to a VM. The tasks are distributed to the VMs in the order specified after the allocating phase in which they will be executed. Finally, to secure the task allocation in multi‐cloud, this research proposed a Naïve Bayes module to detect the attacks. The models and experimental findings demonstrate that our proposed approach produces a shorter makespan, lower cost, improved resource utilization, and better trade‐off between time and economic cost. It is more dependable and effective in multi‐cloud environment.