bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Trends of Food Analysis, Safety, and Packaging
Authors: Modi Bindu , Timilsina Hari , Bhandari Sobika , Achhami Ashma , Pakka Sangita , Shrestha Prakash , Kandel Devilal , GC Dhan Bahadur , Khatri Sabina , Chhetri Pradhumna Mahat , Parajuli Niranjan
Published: August 2021

Food is a basic necessity for life, growth, survival, and maintaining a proper body function. Rising food demand leads both producers and consumers to search for alternative food sources with high nutritional value. However, food products may never be completely safe. The oxidation reaction may alter both the physicochemical and immunological properties of food products. Maillard and caramelization nonenzymatic browning reactions can play a pivotal role in food acceptance through the ways they influence quality factors such as flavor, color, texture, nutritional value, protein functionality, and digestibility. There is a multitude of adulterated foods that portray adverse risks to the human condition. To maintain food safety, the packaging material is used to preserve the quality and freshness of food products. Food safety is jeopardized by plenty of pathogens by the consumption of adulterated food resulting in multiple foodborne illnesses. Though different analytical tools are used in the analysis of food products, yet, adulterated food has repercussions for the community and is a growing issue that adversely impairs human health and well-being. Thus, pathogenic agents’ rapid and effective identification is vital for food safety and security to avoid foodborne illness. This review highlights the various analytical techniques used in the analysis of food products, food structure, and quality of food along with chemical reactions in food processing. Moreover, we have also discussed the effect on health due to the consumption of adulterated food and focused on the importance of food safety, including the biodegradable packaging material.
A New Method of Denoising Crop Image Based on Improved SVD in Wavelet Domain
Authors: Wang Rui , Cai Wanxiong , Wang Zaitang
Published: August 2021

In real life, images are inevitably interfered by various noises during acquisition and transmission, resulting in a significant reduction in image quality. The process of solving this kind of problem is called image denoising. Image denoising is a basic problem in the field of computer vision and image processing, which is essential for subsequent image processing and applications. It can ensure that people can obtain more effective information of images more accurately. This paper mainly studies a new method of crop image denoising with improved SVD in wavelet domain. The algorithm used in this study firstly carried out a 3-layer wavelet transform on the crop noise image, leaving the low-frequency subimage unchanged; then, for the high-frequency subimages distributed in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions, the improved adaptive SVD algorithm was used to filter the noise; finally perform wavelet coefficient reconstruction. To effectively test the performance of the algorithm, field crop images were taken as test images, and the denoising performance of the algorithm, SVD algorithm, and the improved SVD algorithm used in this study were compared, and the peak signal-to--to-noise ratio (PSNR) was introduced. Quantitative evaluation of the denoising results of several types of algorithms. The experimental data in this paper show that when the noise standard deviation is greater than 20, the enhanced experimental results clearly achieve higher PSNR and SSIM values than WNNM. The average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is about 0.1 dB higher, and the average SSIM is larger about 0.01. The results show that the algorithm used in this study is superior to the other two algorithms, which provides a more effective method for crop noise image processing.
Pancreatic Cysts after Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Ethanol and/or Paclitaxel Ablation Therapy: Another Mimic of Pancreatic Pseudocysts
Authors: An Soyeon , Sung You-Na , Kim Sung Joo , Seo Dong-Wan , Jun Sun-Young , Hong Seung-Mo
Published: August 2021

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation (EUS-A) therapy is a minimally invasive procedure for pancreatic-cystic tumors in patients with preoperative comorbidities or in patients who are not indicated for surgical resection. However, histopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cysts after ablation have not been well-elucidated. Methods: Here, we analyzed pathological findings of 12 surgically resected pancreatic cysts after EUS-A with ethanol and/or paclitaxel injection. Results: Mean patient age was 49.8 ± 13.6 years with a 0.3 male/female ratio. Clinical impression before EUS-A was predominantly mucinous cystic neoplasms. Mean cyst size before and after ablation therapy was similar (3.7 ± 1.0 cm vs. 3.4 ± 1.6 cm; p = 0.139). Median duration from EUS-A to surgical resection was 18 (range, 1–59) months. Mean percentage of the residual neoplastic lining epithelial cells were 23.1 ± 37.0%. Of the resected cysts, 8 cases (67%) showed no/minimal (<5%) residual lining epithelia, while the remaining 4 cases (33%) showed a wide range of residual mucinous epithelia (20–90%). Ovarian-type stroma was noted in 5 cases (42%). Other histologic features included histiocytic aggregation (67%), stromal hyalinization (67%), diffuse egg shell-like calcification along the cystic wall (58%), and fat necrosis (8%). Conclusion: Above all, diffuse egg shell-like calcification along the pancreatic cystic walls with residual lining epithelia and/or ovarian-type stroma were characteristics of pancreatic cysts after EUS-A. Therefore, understanding these histologic features will be helpful for precise pathological diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumor after EUS-A, even without knowing the patient’s history of EUS-A.
Diagnosis of Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis by Rapid 4,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole Staining
Authors: Chen Junchen , Yang Huan , Xu Zhijun , Lu Ping , Yuan Liyan , Xue Yaohua , Xue Ruzeng , Yang Bin
Published: August 2021

Background: Quick and accurate diagnosis of primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) may be difficult because its symptoms are often subtle and nonspecific. Objective: We sought to review the literature on the roles of various staining methods in the diagnosis of amyloidosis and demonstrate added benefits of using rapid 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining in the diagnosis of PCA. Methods: Three groups of cases, namely, PCA, neurodermatitis, and prurigo nodularis, were retrieved from a computerized pathology database for study, and their paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were cut following standard procedures. The tissue sections were stained with three stains: hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Congo red, and DAPI stains, and examined under the microscope to compare the staining patterns of these three methods. We also performed amyloid keratin and apolipoprotein E (APOE) staining on the sections of PCA in order to further support our conclusion. The PCA sections were read by junior and senior dermatopathologists for comparison. Results: The sensitivity of DAPI staining for PCA was significantly higher than that of Congo red staining and HE staining (p < 0.001). This statement holds true whether the experiment was grouped in one sample or was divided into groups of junior and senior dermatopathologists (p < 0.001). The DAPI-positive staining areas, except for the nuclei, were consistent with the amyloid deposition areas. In this study, DAPI staining had a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: DAPI staining could serve as a useful technique to establish the diagnosis of PCA, and its high efficacy in diagnosing PCA makes it less dependent on the experience levels of the evaluators. Additionally, the binding of DAPI to the A-T-rich sequence of double-stranded DNA suggests that amyloid may contain DNA or a similarly structured nucleic acid.
More Live Births in Primary Subfertile Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection-Treated Women with High Normal TSH Levels
Authors: Repelaer van Driel-Delprat Constance , van Dam Eveline , van de Ven Peter , Aissa Khadija , ter Haar Melanie , Feenstra Yikke , de Roos Aletta , Beelen Gaby , Schats Roel , Lambalk Cornelis
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the fertility outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-treated women across normal range thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Published results are inconclusive about optimal TSH levels and fertility. Design: This is a retrospective cohort study in 752 ICSI-treated women with predominantly severe male factor subfertility, starting treatment between the first of January 2008 and the first of March 2012 with a follow-up until 2014. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Women aged 22–45 years with TSH 0.3–4.5 mIU/L without thyroid hormone substitution were included in Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, an iodine-sufficient area. Demographic and baseline characteristics were compared between groups of patients based on TSH, using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, and χ2 test. The patient was the unit of analysis: all cumulative cycles per patient were analyzed up to and including the first ongoing pregnancy. The primary outcome was a cumulative live birth rate. Clinical pregnancy rate, pregnancy loss, and ongoing pregnancy rate were secondary outcomes. The χ2 test and logistic regression were used to compare interquartile groups while adjusting for confounders. Logistic regression was used with the natural logarithm of TSH as a continuous predictor. Primary and secondary subfertile women were analyzed separately. Results: Analysis of the total cohort (n = 752) showed no difference in fertility outcomes across the normal TSH range. The cumulative live birth rate for the 4 groups of primary subfertile women (n = 455) was 76% in the upper TSH quartile compared to 56%, 60%, and 59% in the lower TSH quartiles. Limitations: Levels of thyroxine and presence of thyroid autoimmunity were not measured in this retrospective cohort study. Conclusions: The observation that a higher live birth rate was found in primary subfertile ICSI-treated women with high but allegedly normal TSH levels contributes to the hypothesis that in certain subfertile women in addition to a male factor, female factors such as subtle hypothyroidism and/or thyroid autoimmunity may play a role in keeping them from conception, which can be overcome by the process of ICSI.
The Role of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Shengzhou , Xu Jiaxuan , Zhang Hongya , Hong Jiaze , Si Yuexiu , Yang Tong , He Yujing , Ng Derry Minyao , Zheng Dingcheng
Published: August 2021

Background: The main aim of this study was to investigate comprehensively the clinical effect of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) on patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The following electronic databases were searched for eligible articles published from inception to July 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The main final indicators were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: A total of 26 studies entailing 4,506 cases were included for a meta-analysis. The results showed that HAIC could improve advanced HCC patients’ OS (HR, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37–0.61) and PFS (HR, 0.52; 95% CI: 0.36–0.68). Remarkably, compared with Japan (HR, 0.58) and Korea (HR, 0.54), for the unresectable HCC patients, the HAIC group achieved higher efficacy on OS than the control group in China (HR, 0.24). The resectable HCC patients, who received HAIC adjuvant chemotherapy, exhibited favorable prognosis for OS (HR, 0.58; 95% CI: 0.27–0.88) and DFS (HR, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31–0.68). Conclusion: HAIC improved long-term survival for both resectable and unresectable HCC patients in comparison with other therapies. However, the clinical effect of HAIC needs to be ascertained by large-scale well-designed studies.
Characteristics of Early-Onset Dementia in Chiba Prefecture, Japan: A Multicenter Survey
Authors: Hirano Shigeki , Sakakibara Ryuji , Komatsu Naoya , Shimizu Keisuke , Ishikawa Moeno , Hosoi Naohito , Asahi Toshiomi , Shuno Takehiko , Sugihara Hiroshi , Kanai Shigeto , Miura Nobuyoshi , Mochida Hidetoshi , Ozawa Yoshinori , Iyo Masaomi , Kuwabara Satoshi
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Early-onset dementia (EOD), defined as dementia onset before the age of 65 years, is relatively rare, but its social impacts are significant. This study aimed to characterize the diagnosis and clinical and social status of EOD subjects in the 11 dementia centers in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Methods: A retrospective 1-year survey was conducted. Collected data included clinical diagnosis, age at onset, age at survey, neuropsychological test, family history, employment, and living status. Results: We identified 208 EOD subjects, including 123 (59.4%), 24 (11.6%), 21 (10.1%), 17 (8.2%), and 10 (4.8%) with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson’s disease dementia, and alcohol-related dementia, respectively. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score <24 was observed in 50–75% of patients and was not correlated with disease duration. Twenty-four (16.4%) subjects had positive family history of EOD. EOD subjects were at risk of early retirement, and 133 subjects lived with their family, in whom 64 (30.8%) lived with their child. Conclusion: In dementia centers, AD, FTLD, and Lewy body dementia had relatively large proportion. Employment, economy, and social supports are urgently needed for EOD subjects and their family.
Alveolar Nitric Oxide and Peripheral Oxygen Saturation in Frequent Exacerbators with Asthma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sprio Andrea E. , Bertolini Francesca , Fucà Rossana , Levra Stefano , Carriero Vitina , Högman Marieann , Ricciardolo Fabio L. M.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Asthmatics can experience recurrent exacerbations (AEs), irrespectively of asthma severity. Airway inflammatory monitoring could be fundamental to optimize the asthma management. The present study evaluated whether exhaled NO concentrations in proximal and distal respiratory compartments are different in AE-prone patients in combination with T2 blood biomarkers and resting oxygen saturation (SpO2). Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 91 mild-to-severe asthmatics were enrolled. Clinical characteristics, blood and lung function parameters including SpO2, and FENO were evaluated. On 50 randomly selected patients, CANO and JawNO were also analyzed. Then, patients were stratified in frequent exacerbators (FEs) or non-frequent exacerbators (nFEs), according to AE frequency in the previous year (phase I). Chart data were re-evaluated through a 12-month follow-up period post exhaled NO measurement to detect occurrence of novel AE (phase II). Results: FE asthmatics had poorer asthma control and required higher therapeutic intensity (p < 0.05). FENO, CANO, and JawNO were similar between FE and nFE. FE exhibited higher total serum IgE levels and residual volume values but reduced SpO2 than nFE (p < 0.05); SpO2<96.5% characterized the FE patient (odds ratio = 2.94). In phase II, CANO was higher in the group with novel AE at 1-month post-NO measurement (p < 0.05), but not afterward. A higher prevalence of CANO >6 ppb was detected in asthmatics who developed AE within 1 month, suggesting its potential clinical use as biomarker in predicting near-future AE (RR = 11.20). Conclusion: AE-susceptible asthmatics are characterized by air trapping and distal airway inflammation in conjunction with lower oxygen saturation. CANO and SpO2 could exert specific roles, respectively, in predicting AE and monitoring FE asthmatics.
Endoscopic Management of Symptomatic Duodenal Duplication Cysts: Two Case Reports
Authors: de Campos Sara Teles , Rio-Tinto Ricardo , Bispo Miguel , Marques Susana , Fidalgo Paulo , Devière Jacques
Published: August 2021

Background: Duodenal duplication cysts (DDCs) are rare congenital anomalies typically manifesting during childhood. Clinical manifestations are uncommon in adulthood. DDCs were classically treated surgically, but endoscopic treatment has been increasingly reported. Endoscopic cyst marsupialization establishes a communication between the cyst cavity and the duodenal lumen so that the cystic content can be drained continuously into the duodenum. We herein describe two cases of symptomatic DDCs diagnosed in adulthood and submitted to endoscopic marsupialization using different techniques and devices. Case Summary: Case 1: A 23-year-old female patient was admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a 35-mm duodenal subepithelial lesion whose proximal limit was immediately distal to the ampulla of Vater and filled with fluid and calcifications. Using a duodenoscope, deroofing of the lesion was made with a diathermic snare. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of DDC. Case 2: A 41-year-old female, submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1 month earlier due to suspected lithiasic acute pancreatitis, was admitted due to suspicion of iatrogenic biliary fistula. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed and the bile leak was treated. Immediately distal to the papillary orifice, a 20-mm subepithelial lesion was also detected. A biopsy forceps was used to fenestrate its wall, allowing the exit of mucous fluid and stones, and a sphincterotome was used to expand the incision. No recurrence was documented in both cases. Conclusion: These cases highlight DDC as a potential cause for acute pancreatitis in adults and endoscopy as an easy treatment option.
A Home Hospitalisation Strategy for Patients with an Acute Episode of Heart Failure Using a Digital Health-Supported Platform: A Multicentre Feasibility Study – A Rationale and Study Design
Authors: Scherrenberg Martijn , Storms Valerie , van der Velde Astrid E. , Boyne Josiane , Bruins Wendy , Vranken Julie , Leenen Jobbe P.L. , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , De Kluiver Ed P. , Dendale Paul
Published: August 2021

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common cause of hospitalisation and mortality in elderly. The frequent rehospitalisations put a serious burden on patients, health-care budgets, and health-care capacity. Frequent hospital admissions are also associated with a substantial additional hazard for serious complications and reduced quality of life. The NWE-Chance project will explore the feasibility and scalability of providing home hospitalisation supported by a newly developed digital health-supported platform and daily visits of specialised nurses. Methods/Design: Hundred patients with chronic HF will be recruited over a 1-year period. The digital health-supported home hospitalisation strategy will be tested in 3 hospitals with different experience in delivering home hospitalisation: Isala Zwolle, Maastricht UMC+, both in The Netherlands, and Jessa Hospital, Hasselt in Belgium. The home hospitalisation intervention will have a maximal duration of 14 days. Feasibility will be measured with acceptability, satisfaction, and usability questionnaires for patients, nurses, and physicians. Furthermore, safety and costs will be assessed for 30 days after the start of the home hospitalisation intervention. Discussion: The NWE-Chance project will be one of the first studies to examine the feasibility of a digital health-supported home hospitalisation platform for HF patients. It has the potential to augment current standard HF care and quality of life of HF patients and to innovate the standard HF care to potentially lower the hospitalisation-related complications, the burden of HF on health-care systems, and to potentially implement more patient-centred care strategies.
Life near a city: activity pattern of Golden Jackal Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in a habitat adjoining Bhubaneswar, India
Authors: Debata Subrat
Published: August 2021

Activity pattern of the Golden Jackal was studied by camera trapping survey in an urban influenced protected habitat in Odisha, eastern India from January to April 2019. A total of 552 independent photos of Golden Jackals were obtained from 771 trap nights. Although Golden Jackals were active throughout the day, they showed two major peaks in activity; the first peak during late evening after sunset, and the second peak during early morning until sunrise. The reduced activity of Golden Jackal during day time in the present study area might be due to less movement of prey species, intense heat, and heavy human traffic.
The captive population of the Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (Linnaeus, 1758). The future of an endangered primate under human care
Authors: Begum Nilofer , Kaumanns Werner , Sliwa Alexander , Singh Mewa
Published: August 2021

For conservation breeding, the endangered Lion-tailed Macaques have been maintained in North America under SSP since 1983 and in Europe under EEP since 1989. Based on a growing interest to support the species long-term survival, the SSP population increased considerably during the first few years of the programme but due to space problems and resulting birth control measures, it has drastically declined to small numbers and a non- breeding status at present. The EEP population continually increased till 2012, but due to the lack of spaces and birth control practises, it has gradually declined since then. It is emphasised that the knowledge gained from field studies on Lion-tailed Macaques in India and its incorporation for captive management under EEP has helped develop appropriate management strategies. Captive propagation of the Lion-tailed Macaque in India, the habitat country, can profit from the successes and drawbacks of the long-term management experiences of SSP and EEP.
Statins Are Associated With Increased Insulin Resistance and Secretion
Authors: Abbasi Fahim , Lamendola Cindy , Harris Chelsea S. , Harris Vander , Tsai Ming-Shian , Tripathi Pragya , Abbas Fakhar , Reaven Gerald M. , Reaven Peter D. , Snyder Michael P. , Kim Sun H. , Knowles Joshua W.
Published: August 2021

Objective:

Statin treatment reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but is associated with a modest increased risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in those with insulin resistance or prediabetes. Our objective was to determine the physiological mechanism for the increased type 2 diabetes risk.

Approach and Results:

We conducted an open-label clinical trial of atorvastatin 40 mg daily in adults without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes at baseline. The co-primary outcomes were changes at 10 weeks versus baseline in insulin resistance as assessed by steady-state plasma glucose during the insulin suppression test and insulin secretion as assessed by insulin secretion rate area under the curve (ISR
AUC
) during the graded-glucose infusion test. Secondary outcomes included glucose and insulin, both fasting and during oral glucose tolerance test. Of 75 participants who enrolled, 71 completed the study (median age 61 years, 37% women, 65% non-Hispanic White, median body mass index, 27.8 kg/m
2
). Atorvastatin reduced LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol (median decrease 53%,
P
<0.001) but did not change body weight. Compared with baseline, atorvastatin increased insulin resistance (steady-state plasma glucose) by a median of 8% (
P
=0.01) and insulin secretion (ISR
AUC
) by a median of 9% (
P
<0.001). There were small increases in oral glucose tolerance test glucose
AUC
(median increase, 0.05%;
P
=0.03) and fasting insulin (median increase, 7%;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:

In individuals without type 2 diabetes, high-intensity atorvastatin for 10 weeks increases insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Over time, the risk of new-onset diabetes with statin use may increase in individuals who become more insulin resistant but are unable to maintain compensatory increases in insulin secretion.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02437084.

Graphic Abstract:

A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Endothelial Cell Transcriptome Heterogeneity Under Homeostatic Laminar Flow
Authors: Liu Ziqing , Ruter Dana L. , Quigley Kaitlyn , Tanke Natalie T. , Jiang Yuchao , Bautch Victoria L.
Published: August 2021

Objective:

Endothelial cells (ECs) that form the innermost layer of all vessels exhibit heterogeneous cell behaviors and responses to pro-angiogenic signals that are critical for vascular sprouting and angiogenesis. Once vessels form, remodeling and blood flow lead to EC quiescence, and homogeneity in cell behaviors and signaling responses. These changes are important for the function of mature vessels, but whether and at what level ECs regulate overall expression heterogeneity during this transition is poorly understood. Here, we profiled EC transcriptomic heterogeneity, and expression heterogeneity of selected proteins, under homeostatic laminar flow.

Approach and Results:

Single-cell RNA sequencing and fluorescence microscopy were used to characterize heterogeneity in RNA and protein gene expression levels of human ECs under homeostatic laminar flow compared to nonflow conditions. Analysis of transcriptome variance, Gini coefficient, and coefficient of variation showed that more genes increased RNA heterogeneity under laminar flow relative to genes whose expression became more homogeneous, although small subsets of cells did not follow this pattern. Analysis of a subset of genes for relative protein expression revealed little congruence between RNA and protein heterogeneity changes under flow. In contrast, the magnitude of expression level changes in RNA and protein was more coordinated among ECs in flow versus nonflow conditions.

Conclusions:

ECs exposed to homeostatic laminar flow showed overall increased heterogeneity in RNA expression levels, while expression heterogeneity of selected cognate proteins did not follow RNA heterogeneity changes closely. These findings suggest that EC homeostasis is imposed post-transcriptionally in response to laminar flow.
Real-World Experience With the SAPIEN 3 Ultra Transcatheter Heart Valve: A Propensity-Matched Analysis From the United States
Authors: Nazif Tamim M. , Cahill Thomas J. , Daniels David , McCabe James M. , Reisman Mark , Chakravarty Tarun , Makkar Raj , Krishnaswamy Amar , Kapadia Samir , Chehab Bassem M. , Wang John , Spies Christian , Rodriguez Evelio , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Hahn Rebecca T. , Leon Martin B. , George Isaac
Published: August 2021

Background:

Paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The SAPIEN 3 Ultra (Ultra) is a new generation balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve with a modified external skirt that is designed to reduce PVR, but reports of clinical and echocardiographic outcomes are limited. The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the Ultra and the original SAPIEN 3 (S3) transcatheter heart valve in a large national registry.

Methods:

Data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry was used to compare patients who underwent elective, transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the Ultra or S3 transcatheter heart valve. Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were analyzed in a propensity-matched cohort at discharge and 30 days.

Results:

Patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with Ultra (N=1324) from January 2019 to February 2020 were propensity score–matched with patients treated with S3 (N=32 982) during the same period, resulting in 1324 matched pairs. There was no difference in the rate of device success between patients treated with Ultra and S3 (97.1% versus 98.0%,
P
=0.11). At hospital discharge, PVR was significantly reduced with Ultra compared with S3, with mild PVR in 9.0% versus 13.9% and moderate or greater PVR in 0.1% versus 0.4% (overall
P
<0.01). At 30 days, there were no differences between Ultra and S3 recipients in the rates of all-cause mortality or stroke (1.8% versus 2.8%,
P
=0.10), major vascular complications (1.1% versus 1.0%,
P
=0.84), or permanent pacemaker implantation (6.4% versus 6.2%,
P
=0.81).

Conclusions:

In this propensity-matched analysis from the Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry, the Ultra transcatheter heart valve was associated with similar procedural and 30-day clinical outcomes, but reduced incidence of PVR, compared with S3. The clinical benefit of less PVR should be evaluated in longer-term studies.
Cherax latimanus sp. nov., a new burrow-dwelling freshwater crayfish (Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the mid-Murray River catchment, Australia
Authors: McCORMACK ROBERT B. , RAADIK TARMO A.
Published: August 2021

A new species of freshwater crayfish in the southern hemisphere family Parastacidae is described from the Murray Darling Basin (MDB), eastern Australia. The Swamp Yabby, Cherax latimanus sp. nov., is found in the mid-Murray River area of the states of New South Wales and Victoria and is only the third species of Cherax found naturally occurring in the MDB. It is morphologically distinguished from all other species of Cherax by the presence of marginal mesial dactylar basal spines and extensive ventral propodal setation. It is found in sympatry with the widespread but morphologically similar Common Yabby, Cherax destructor Clark, 1936, but can be distinguished by a suite of morphometric and meristic characters that include a broad rostrum lacking an apical spine, very broad chelae with deep punctations on the lateral propodal edge and ventral propodal setation, two prominent dactylar teeth, one mesial carpal spine, dorsal meral spines present, no setae on carpal mesial margin, cervical spines absent or tiny, and by genetic data. Cherax latimanus is further diagnosed by its distinctive biology: it is not found in permanent aquatic habitats such as streams or billabongs, spending the majority of its time in extensive, terrestrial, burrow networks containing some water, in ephemerally wet habitats such as drainage lines, roadside drains, depressions, swamps and cleared areas of pasture in lowland to foothill areas. It is occasionally found in stream habitats but only during large flood events when burrow systems are inundated.
Temperature Sensitive and Reversible Halide Ion Exchange in Inorganic–Organic Hybrid CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx Mixed-Halide Perovskite
Authors: Cui Shuting , Sun Xun , Tao SiWen , Zhou Huawei , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianxi
Published: August 2021

Ion exchange of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite plays a significant role in controlling the performance of materials ant its devices. In this study, an interesting phenomenon was observed that the precipitate in suspension (CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx
in γ-butyrolactone) brought out different colors at high and room temperature. The mechanism study appears that the phenomenon is controlled by temperature sensitive and reversible halide ion exchange in organic-inorganic hybrid CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx
mixed-halide perovskite. The results of structure phase, element composition morphology and band gap illustrate that high temperature 55 °C is beneficial to the increasing of I content in MAPbI3−xBrx and room temperature or lower is
advantageous to increasing of Br content in MAPbI3−xBrx. Compared with MAPbI0.76Br2.24 precipitate acquired at room temperature, MAPbI1.17Br1.83 precipitate got at high temperature illustrate wider
lattice spacing, better crystallinity, better morphology and narrower band gap. The results and findings in this study will prompt the interest of readers or experts in the field of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials and related optoelectronic applications.
Calcium Antagonists in the Management of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review
Authors: Adams Harold P.
Published: August 2021

Cerebral arterial vasospasm and infarction is the leading cause of death and disability among patients who reach a major medical center after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recent evidence suggests that two calcium antagonists, nimodipine or nicardipine, may be useful in preventing this important complication of SAH. This paper reviews the current status of these two calcium antagonists in the management of SAH.
A Prayer Book for the Twenty-first Century?
Authors: Burns Stephen , Cones Bryan
Published: August 2021

In the more than thirty years that have passed since the authorization of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer, scholars and practitioners of its liturgical vision have mined the riches of its “baptismal ecclesiology,” its variety of texts, and its permissive rubrics; they have also raised new questions about its inconsistencies and shortcomings. Anglican and ecumenical partner churches have adapted and improved upon material found in the BCP in their own new liturgical resources, suggesting directions for further liturgical renewal, and the Episcopal Church itself has authorized supplemental texts in its Enriching Our Worship series, which began publication in 1998. Questions concerning expansive language, the relationship between baptismal ministry and its expression in holy orders, and the contextualization of liturgy in a multicultural church have come to the fore as primary concerns of the church in the twenty-first century, with important implications for the celebration of liturgy. The authors contend that attention to these questions, particularly regarding the language of prayer and the relationships among the ministers within the assembly, requires a more comprehensive discussion of liturgical renewal in the church, including the revision of the Book of Common Prayer itself.

“… may be altered, abridged, enlarged, amended, or otherwise disposed of …”1
Heathenism, Delusion, and Ignorance: Samuel Crowther's Approach to Islam and Traditional Religion
Authors: Climenhaga Alison Fitchett
Published: August 2021

In 1843, Samuel Ajayi Crowther became the first African ordained for ministry in the Anglican Church, and he dedicated most of his life to bringing the gospel to his fellow West Africans. During the course of his evangelizing activity, Crowther engaged frequently with both Islam and African traditional religion. After a brief survey of Crowther's life, I compare the vocabulary with which he describes Islam and traditional religion, the analytic categories he applies to them, and the quality of his engagement with each. I argue that the differences between Crowther's engagement with traditional religion and Islam stem from his perception of the latter as a competing missionary religion and the former as being connected in important ways with the African cultural traditions he hoped to preserve and perfect.
Biblical Hermeneutics and Practical Theology: Method and Truth in Context
Authors: Briggs Richard S.
Published: August 2021

The rise of the discipline of “practical theology” raises afresh the question of how scripture might contribute to theological work. In this piece I argue that the kinds of contextual and self-reflexive awareness that practical theology brings to the pursuit of Christian theological inquiry overlap in certain key ways with the similar contextual and self-reflexive awareness that biblical hermeneutics brings (or should bring) to biblical studies. In particular, this leads to a challenge to the role of method in biblical and theological work, in dialogue with questions about truth and how we pursue it. A secondary thesis then addresses the question of how, if this is so, the Bible might speak into the kinds of questions pursued by practical theologians.
Rightwiseness and Justice, a Tale of Translation
Authors: Damholt Ronald
Published: August 2021

In most English-language Bibles—particularly those arising out of Protestantism—the Greek word dikaiosyne, which occurs most often in Romans, is overwhelmingly translated “righteousness.” Scholars have long voiced concerns with this rendering, and in this article I both review their objections and ask why this tradition of translation has been so tenacious. The answer proposed is twofold: first, the ancient Anglo-Saxon pedigree of the word right-wiseness (whose meaning originally included notions of justice about which Paul seems to have been writing) and its consequent preference by the first English Bible translators, the Wycliffites; and second, the penetrating brilliance and lasting influence of William Tyndale, along with his inclination to follow the Wycliffite choice in this matter. I also consider alternative traditions of New Testament translation relative to this important Greek word and sketch the historical context out of which these divergent traditions have developed.
Christianity and World Religions: The Contributions of Barth and Tillich
Authors: Mason David R.
Published: August 2021

For centuries Christianity proclaimed itself as the sole path to salvation (extra ecclesiam nulla salus). Recent advocates of pluralism have radically challenged exclusivism as arrogant and bigoted, and so unchristian. Is there a way to strengthen the gracious insights of pluralism while simultaneously maintaining the integrity of Christianity? Karl Barth and Paul Tillich provide insights and analyses that enable Christians to regard major religions as genuine expressions of divine–human encounter and legitimate paths to salvation, and to understand Christianity itself as the decisive witness to this truth. Because Barth is typically, but inaccurately, regarded as an exclusivist, I have treated him first. But both theologians, in different ways, argue that God is the Redeemer; all human beings are redeemed; and Jesus as the Christ is the decisive light in which this truth is seen and the standard for making known universal divine redemption. Further, Barth and Tillich agree that it is the task of Christians both to proclaim this redemption in Jesus and to recognize God's redemptive love in different contexts.
Friends in God: A Foundational Motif in Classical Reflections on the Divine Economy
Authors: Downing F. Gerald
Published: August 2021

A “social” model of the Trinity, warmly debated in the last century, seems to have lost influence (witness the recent Oxford Handbook of the Trinity ). It is argued here, however, that far from being a modern innovation, as suggested, a “friendship” model was integral to Pauline and Johannine and then Cappadocian reflections on Father, Son, Spirit. Some of the key terms in ancient discussions of friendship are collated here in supportive illustration. A critically appraised model of friendship, it is then proposed, is fitting for those who trust we are being creatively sustained, redeemed, hallowed, and transformed to share in the divine life.
The Struggle for Human Dignity in a Consumer-Oriented Culture
Authors: Mitchell Beverly Eileen
Published: August 2021

This article addresses the need to ground our discussions and advocacy to rectify economic injustice in the basic affirmation that the most vulnerable victims of injustice are above all full human beings created in the image of God and that their humanness is therefore inscribed with a dignity which we are bound to respect. There are three areas in which we need to be more attentive to the ways in which our discourse and assistance unwittingly reinforce patterns of defacement even as we seek to address economic injustice: (1) addressing our biases and negative feelings about the materially disadvantaged; (2) clarifying who the materially disadvantaged are; and (3) enlisting the aid of the impoverished in seeking the solutions to economic injustice.
Prayer as the “Lifeline of Theology”
Authors: Adams Marilyn McCord
Published: August 2021

The thesis of this essay is that—before writing—theologians should get to know their subject matter. Prayer is the lifeline of theology, because God is the subject matter of theology and prayer is our way of being in the world with God. Developing this idea first with human family and partnership models brings out how multifaceted prayer is, and how it is a way of being in the world not only for individuals but for Christian communities. Applying these observations to the task of theology, the essay attempts to clarify the thesis by answering the charge that it makes theology perniciously subjective.
Must We Say Anything of an “Immanent” Trinity?: Schleiermacher and Rowan Williams on an “Abstruse” and “Fruitless” Doctrine
Authors: Smith Jason M.
Published: August 2021

This essay engages two figures often left on the periphery of conversations about Trinitarian doctrine: Friedrich Schleiermacher and Rowan Williams. I engage Schleiermacher's rationale behind embracing the Sabellian heresy as a way of arriving at a set of criteria for judging the adequacy of Trinitarian doctrine. In short, Schleiermacher forces one to ask whether we must say anything at all about the “immanent” rather than the “economic” Trinity, and, if so, we must prove that it gives a significant gift to the life of the church. I then piece together strands of argumentation from Rowan Williams's thought to give an answer to these objections and show that the “immanent” Trinity is not the “abstruse” and “fruitless” doctrine that Schleiermacher and others have claimed it is. Rather, the immanent Trinity is necessary language for describing the shape of Christian salvation and is deeply rooted in a disciplined apophaticism.
“With My Utmost Art”: The Inspiration of George Herbert's Poetry and the Limits of Austin Farrer's Vision
Authors: Miller Sarah
Published: August 2021

This essay argues that poetry can participate in God's ongoing self-revelation in the world, against Austin Farrer's view that the conveyance of supernatural truths is restricted to prophecy and the original apostolic witness. The author turns to Farrer's own descriptions of inspiration and revelation in The Glass of Vision to support this claim, as well as advocating with Ingolf Dalferth for a trans-historical understanding of the Spirit's work of revelation. Finally, through a close reading of key poems in George Herbert's The Temple, the essay offers an account of how the Spirit might move through the medium of poetry, leading poet and reader to deeper knowledge and love of God in Christ.
Grace, Equity, Participation: The Economy of God in 2 Corinthians 8:8–15
Authors: Andemicael Awet Iassu
Published: August 2021

This essay considers Paul's first-century “fundraising missive” in 2 Corinthians 8–9, focusing on 2 Corinthians 8:8–15. In it, Paul poses three hermeneutical puzzles around grace, equity, and participation that together establish the theological framework of his appeal and reveal the inner dynamics of the economy of God's kingdom. The Holy Spirit invites us into participation in the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, which liberates us to be vulnerable enough to enter into the collective engagement that is inseparable from the common good. Within that community, the superabundance of God's grace enables us to “finish doing” what we have started (2 Cor. 8:11)—what has been started in us—by living fully into the transformative economy of God, who promises to make all things new.
The 78th General Convention of the Episcopal Church and the Liturgy: New Wine in Old Wineskins?
Authors: Cones Bryan
Published: August 2021

The 78th General Convention of the Episcopal Church generated a significant number of resolutions related to the church's liturgy, most of which passed both Houses, including resolutions authorizing preparation of the revision of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer and The Hymnal 1982. A review of the resolutions related to liturgy and music, however, raises fundamental questions about the kind of liturgical reform the church may undertake and how it may integrate growing appreciation for linguistic and cultural diversity in the church, including the insights of feminist, postcolonial, and LGBTQ theological reflection and those produced by theologians of color. This essay argues that serious engagement with these questions suggests a completely reimagined liturgical “center of gravity” that integrates the insights of liturgical scholarship and practice since the authorization of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer and The Hymnal 1982, while providing the flexibility to respond to the church's current diverse contexts.
The Language of Formation in Official Church of England Documents
Authors: Groom Sue
Published: August 2021

Over the last fifty years the word “formation” has been increasingly employed in the context of training for ordination, yet it has rarely been defined. This article traces its first tentative appearance in the de Bunsen report, Theological Colleges for Tomorrow (1968), to its abundant usage in the Hind report, Formation for Ministry within a Learning Church (2003), and the documentation concerning “Common Awards in Theology, Ministry and Mission” (2014) in order to discern its meaning according to official Church of England documents.1
Re-ordering Desires: A Trinitarian Lens on Eating Disorders
Authors: Jackson Jillian
Published: August 2021

This paper uses the doctrine of the Trinity to demonstrate the unique role God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit can play in the healing of eating disorders and explores how a trinitarian framework may be brought alongside healthcare services to aid in recovery. Drawing on the theological work of Sarah Coakley, the paper considers various trinitarian models and practices that can redirect our minds, hearts, and imaginations to a new participation in the trinitarian God. This essay seeks to show that it is also possible to challenge the idolatrous thought patterns of an eating disorder by redirecting the mind to participation in life through the lens of the life-giving Trinity.
Tragedy and Ethics: Responding to the Crisis of Historic Sexual Abuse
Authors: King Fergus J.
Published: August 2021

Issues of child sexual abuse currently loom large in the life of a number of churches. This article draws on the insights of the late Donald MacKinnon, who viewed tragedy as a vital component of ethical reflection, to explore the human dimensions of a Christian response to abuse in such a way that the needs of survivors are paramount, perpetrators are challenged by the message of God's unconditional love to repentance and transformation, and churches and institutions do not put their corporate needs over those of individuals and families.
The Unfamiliar Lord: A Meditation on Four Christ Poems by Rowan Williams
Authors: Vivian Tim
Published: August 2021

With the four poems discussed in this essay, Rowan Williams brings us deep into a land of both likeness and unlikeness. These thoroughly incarnational poems are not besotted with the baby Jesus, but rather turn our attention to ourselves as incarnated beings, as incarnations of the incarnation. What trepidations does the incarnation bring with it? What responsibilities does it ask of us, require of us? With beauty of language and intrepidness of speech, Williams has put into verse profound theological, soteriological, and anthropological considerations. By doing so, he considerably widens our normal theological pathway into a sturdy trail (though not a paved avenue). Williams invites us to walk with him, poetry's walking stick in hand, as we together explore the vast, known, and mysterious beauties of our incarnated earth, our incarnated Lord familiar and unfamiliar, our incarnated lives.
Idolatry and the Peril of the Nation: Reading Jeremiah 2 in an African Context
Authors: Katho Bungishabaku
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on a theological interpretation of Jeremiah 2:4–8 in light of the African context. This passage is typical of many in Jeremiah where the Lord laments Israel's turn away from the Lord to serve idols. Jeremiah offers a diagnosis of what went wrong with Israel, and I seek to understand how that diagnosis might provide a key for understanding Africa's own postcolonial situation. The article examines Israel and African Christianity in parallel: the historical context, the abandonment and banalization of God in contemporary times, and the resulting failed leadership that the prophetic imagination is called to address on the basis of Jeremiah's prophecy.