bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantiomeric Pure (‐)‐(3R,4S)‐1‐Benzyl‐3,4‐epoxypiperidine and Enriched (‐)‐(R)‐1‐Benzyl‐3‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine by Kinetic Separation of (.+‐.)‐1‐Benzyl‐3,4‐epoxypiperidine under the Action of Chiral Lithium Amides.
Authors: Grishina G. V. , Veselov I. S. , Davankov V. A. , Il'in M. M. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Electrophilic Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes Leading to the Formation of Iodoisoquinoline N‐Oxides.
Authors: Huo Zhibao , Tomeba Hisamitsu , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthridines: The First Report of Palladium Insertion into Imidoyl Selenides.
Authors: Bowman W. Russell , Lyon Jessica E. , Pritchard Gareth J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Aryl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐oxobut‐2‐enoic Acids N‐(2‐Pyridyl)amides in Reactions with Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Gavrilova N. E. , Zalesov V. V. , Pulina N. A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1H‐Benzo[de]cinnolines from Nitronaphthalenes.
Authors: Aksenova I. V. , Saprykina N. G. , Aksenov A. V.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclotransformation in the Series of Fused 5‐Nitropyridin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Smolyar N. N. , Yutilov Yu. M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Cyanomethyl Derivatives of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine, Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine, and Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole.
Authors: Kutrov G. P. , Kovalenko N. V. , Volovenko Yu. M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Cyclocondensation of α‐Acylacetamidines with 2‐Methylsulfanyl‐4,6‐dichloropyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Ryazanov S. G. , Selivanov S. I. , Dar'in D. V. , Lobanov P. S. , Potekhin A. A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Features of Addition of O‐ and C‐Nucleophiles to 5‐(Het)aryl‐2,3‐dicyano‐1‐ethylpyrazinium Salts.
Authors: Verbitskii E. V. , Rusinov G. L. , Slepukhin P. A. , Grishakov A. N. , Ezhikova M. A. , Kodess M. I. , Charushin V. N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxo Heterocycles. Part 57. Recyclization of 3‐Pivaloylpyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,2,4(5H)‐triones (V) by the Action of o‐Phenylenediamine. Crystalline and Molecular Structure of 3‐[3,3‐Dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐1‐(3‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)butyl] ‐1‐phenylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one.
Authors: Bozdyreva K. S. , Aliev Z. G. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Calixarene‐Based Cavitands and Nanotubes by Click Chemistry.
Authors: Morales‐ Sanfrutos Julia , Ortega‐Munoz Mariano , Lopez‐Jaramillo Javier , Hernandez‐Mateo Fernando , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Molecular Nanocages by Click Chemistry.
Authors: Morales‐Sanfrutos Julia , Ortega‐Munoz Mariano , Lopez‐Jaramillo Javier , Hernandez‐Mateo Fernando , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Chloromethyloxirane and Dihalopropanols with Chalcogens in Basic Reducing Systems.
Authors: Elaev A. V. , Grabel'nykh V. A. , Russavskaya N. V. , Levanova E. P. , Sukhomazova E. N. , Zhanchipova E. R. , Klyba L. V. , Albanov A. I. , Korchevin N. A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential anti‐Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lead Compounds from Aglaia Species.
Authors: Esimone C. O. , Eck G. , Duong T. N. , Ueberla K. , Proksch P. , Grunwald T.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Glycal Trichloroacetimidates: Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycosyl Ureas.
Authors: Mercer Gregory J. , Yang Jaemoon , McKay Matthew J. , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (2S,3S,4S)‐2,3‐O‐Isopropylidene‐4‐ (methoxycarbonylmethyl)cyclopentan‐1‐one.
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Valiullina Z. R. , Shitikova O. V. , Spirikhin L. V. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of γ‐Lactam Alkaloids from the Macrolepiota neomastoidea.
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Lee Il Kyun , Park Ki Moon , Kim Wan Kyu , Lee Kang Ro
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Synthetic Route to Conformationally Restricted [5,5]‐Bicyclic Nucleoside‐Amino Acid Conjugates.
Authors: Poon Kevin W. C. , Datta Apurba
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting Groups Transfer: Unusual Method of Removal of Tr and TBDMS Groups by Transetherification.
Authors: Cabral Nadia L. D. , Thiessen Luciano J. Hoeltgebaum , Doboszewski Bogdan
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mineral‐Supported Facile Synthesis of Novel 4‐Hydroxybenzoxazin‐2‐thione N‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Siddiqui Ibadur R. , Srivastava Vishal , Singh Pravin K.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Selenonucleosides.
Authors: Chen Yao , Peng Yingdan , Zhang Jiancun , Fu Lei
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials Design of Advanced Performance Metal Catalysts
Authors: Ma Z. , Dai S.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kagome Network Compounds and Their Novel Magnetic Properties
Authors: Pati Swapan K. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Indole, Carbazole, Biindole and Indolocarbazole‐Based Receptors: Applications in Anion Complexation and Sensing
Authors: Gale Philip A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Topochemical Polymerizations by Design
Authors: Lauher Joseph W. , Fowler Frank W. , Goroff Nancy S.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kodimuthali Arumugam , Jabaris S. Sugin Lal , Pal Manojit
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heteroannulated Azocine Derivatives
Authors: Voskressensky Leonid G. , Kulikova Larisa N. , Borisova Tatiana N. , Varlamov Alexey V.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis in Water with Amphiphilic Polymer‐Supported Homochiral Palladium Complexes
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nicotin and the Neonicotinoids. Part 1.
Authors: Schaefer Bernd
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalladiazamacrocycles: Metallamacrocycles as Potential Supramolecular Host System for Small Organic Guest Molecules and Supramolecular Building Blocks for Metal Organic Frameworks
Authors: John Rohith P. , Moon Dohyun , Lah Myoung Soo
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unnatural Amino Acids
Authors: Ager David J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoids: Hemisynthesis, Reactivity, Characterization and Free Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Es‐Safi Nour‐Eddine , Ghidouche Souhila , Ducrot Paul Henri
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fullerenes
Authors: Darwish Adam D.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synchronization of the Fungal and the Plant Circadian Clock by Light
Authors: Kozma‐Bognar Laszlo , Kaldi Krisztina
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoprenoid‐Like Alkylations in Polyketide Biosynthesis
Authors: Calderone Christopher T.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties of Magnetic Nano‐ and Microsized Particles for Biological and Environmental Separations
Authors: Horak Daniel , Babic Michal , Mackova Hana , Benes Milan J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry of Organozinc Compounds
Authors: Palii Sergiu P. , Zagorevskii Dmitri V.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Linking Phospholipase Mobility to Activity by Single‐Molecule Wide‐Field Microscopy
Authors: Rocha Susana , Hutchison James A. , Peneva Kalina , Herrmann Andreas , Müllen Klaus , Skjøt Michael , Jørgensen Christian I. , Svendsen Allan , De Schryver Frans C. , Hofkens Johan , Uji‐i Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Many of the biological processes taking place in cells are mediated by enzymatic reactions occurring in the cell membrane. Understanding interfacial enzymatic catalysis is therefore crucial to the understanding of cellular function. Unfortunately, a full picture of the overall mechanism of interfacial enzymatic catalysis, and particularly the important diffusion processes therein, remains unresolved. Herein we demonstrate that single‐molecule wide‐field fluorescence microscopy can yield important new information on these processes. We image phospholipase enzymes acting upon bilayers of their natural phospholipid substrate, tracking the diffusion of thousands of individual enzymes while simultaneously visualising local structural changes to the substrate layer. We study several enzyme types with different affinities and catalytic activities towards the substrate. Analysis of the trajectories of each enzyme type allows us successfully to correlate the mobility of phospholipase with its catalytic activity at the substrate. The methods introduced herein represent a promising new approach to the study of interfacial/heterogeneous catalysis systems.
Pd/MOx Materials Synthesized by Sol‐Gel Coprecipitation as Catalysts for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides
Authors: Kleist Wolfgang , Lee Jae‐Kyu , Köhler Klaus
Published: December 2008

In order to control the interaction of palladium species with oxide supports, a sol‐gel coprecipitation synthesis has been developed for Pd/MOx. The resulting Pd/MOx catalysts are characterized by a rather strong interaction between the highly dispersed Pd2+ species and the alumina and silica lattices. During coupling reactions of the Heck type the catalytically active species is generated by partial dissolution of Pd from the support surface. Due to the strong bonding of Pd to the support this dissolution occurs to significant extent only at comparatively high temperatures (≥160 °C). These temperatures are exactly necessary for the activation of less‐reactive substrates like bromobenzene and aryl chlorides. In this way we are able to synthesize supported catalysts that facilitate a controlled release of soluble Pd species under reaction conditions that are required for the activation of aryl bromides and chlorides. The Pd/MOx catalysts show excellent activity in the Heck reaction of bromobenzene (TON up to 10000; TOF up to 5000 h–1) and 4‐chloroacetophenone (TON up to 9300; TOF up to 1550 h–1).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Palladium(II) Complexes with Benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene and Phosphane Ligands and their Catalytic Activity in Mizoroki–Heck Coupling Reactions
Authors: Türkmen Hayati , Pape Tania , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Çetinkaya Bekir
Published: December 2008

Symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted benzimidazolium bromides (1a–d = NHC·HBr) were synthesized, incorporating bulky benzyl and/or methoxyethyl substituents (a: R = pentamethylbenzyl, R′ = 2‐methoxyethyl; b: R = 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylbenzyl, R′ = methoxyethyl; c: R, R′ = pentamethylbenzyl; d: R, R′ = 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylbenzyl). The salts were used to prepare NHC palladium complexes. Reaction of 1a–d with Pd(OAc)2 and NaBr in a 1:1:3 ratio in dmso gave mono or dinuclear, bromide‐bridged complexes of type 2. Complexes of type 2 react with monodentate or bidentate phosphanes in CH2Cl2 to afford the mixed benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene‐phosphane complexes 3–6. Reaction of salts 1a–d with Pd(OAc)2 in a 1:2 ratio, in the absence of NaBr, gave complexes trans‐[PdBr2(NHC)2] (7). All compounds were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MALDI), and elemental analysis. In addition, the molecular structures of 2c, 3c, 3d, and 5b were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The catalytic activities of 2–7 in Mizoroki–Heck C–C coupling reactions of aryl halides with n‐butyl acrylate are described and compared. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
On series solution for generalized Falkner–Skan flow of a FENE‐P model
Authors: Abbasbandy S. , Hayat T. , Maqbool K.
Published: December 2008

This paper deals with the viscoelastic boundary layer flow past a plate. Constitutive assumptions of the FENE‐P model are taken into account. The pressure gradient is taken as non‐zero. The series solution of the non‐linear problem modelled in (Appl. Math. Lett. 2007; 20:1211–1215) is developed by a homotopy analysis method (HAM). Numerical solution of the skin friction coefficient is also computed. Further a comparison between the numerical and HAM solutions is provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating insulin‐like growth factor peptides and prostate cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rowlands Mari‐Anne , Gunnell David , Harris Ross , Vatten Lars J. , Holly Jeff M.P. , Martin Richard M.
Published: December 2008

Insulin‐like growth factors (IGF‐I, IGF‐II) and their binding proteins (IGFBP‐1–6) play a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, suggesting possible involvement in carcinogenesis. Several epidemiological studies show associations of IGFs with prostate cancer. We searched the published literature for all studies relating levels of IGFs or IGFBPs with prostate cancer. We performed random effects meta‐analysis to calculate summary odds ratios. The number of studies (prostate cancer cases) included in each meta‐analysis were 42 (7,481) IGF‐I; 10 (923) IGF‐II; 3 (485) IGFBP‐1; 5 (577) IGFBP‐2; 29 (6,541) IGFBP‐3 and 11 (3,545) IGF‐1:IGFBP‐3 ratio. The pooled odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) per standard deviation increase in peptide were: IGF‐I, OR = 1.21 (1.07, 1.36); IGF‐II, OR = 1.17 (0.93, 1.47); IGFBP‐1, OR = 1.21 (0.62, 2.33); IGFBP‐2, OR = 1.18 (0.90, 1.54); IGFBP‐3, OR = 0.88 (0.79, 0.98); IGFI:IGFBP‐3 ratio, OR = 1.10 (0.97, 1.24). For all exposures, there was substantial heterogeneity (all I2 > 75%), partly explained by study design: the magnitude of associations was smaller in prospective vs. retrospective studies, and for IGFBP‐3, the inverse association with prostate cancer risk was seen in retrospective but not prospective studies. There was weak evidence that associations of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 with prostate cancer were stronger for advanced disease. Our meta‐analysis confirms that raised circulating lGF‐I is positively associated with prostate cancer risk. Associations between IGFBP‐3 and prostate cancer were inconsistent, and there was little evidence for a role of IGF‐II, IGFBP‐1 or IGFBP‐2 in prostate cancer risk. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Boundary mode lubrication of articular cartilage by recombinant human lubricin
Authors: Gleghorn Jason P. , Jones Aled R.C. , Flannery Carl R. , Bonassar Lawrence J.
Published: December 2008

Lubrication of cartilage involves a variety of physical and chemical factors, including lubricin, a synovial glycoprotein that has been shown to be a boundary lubricant. It is unclear how lubricin boundary lubricates a wide range of bearings from tissue to artificial surfaces, and if the mechanism is the same for both soluble and bound lubricin. In the current study, experiments were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that recombinant human lubricin (rh‐lubricin) lubricates cartilage in a dose‐dependent manner and that soluble and bound fractions of rh‐lubricin both contribute to the lubrication process. An rh‐lubricin dose response was observed with maximal lubrication achieved at concentrations of rh‐lubricin greater than 50 µg/mL. A concentration–response variable‐slope model was fit to the data, and indicated that rh‐lubricin binding to cartilage was not first order. The pattern of decrease in equilibrium friction coefficient indicated that aggregation of rh‐lubricin or steric arrangement may regulate boundary lubrication. rh‐lubricin localized at the cartilage surface was found to lubricate a cartilage–glass interface in boundary mode, as did soluble rh‐lubricin at high concentrations (150 µg/mL); however, the most effective lubrication occurred when both soluble and bound rh‐lubricin were present at the interface. These findings point to two distinct mechanisms by which rh‐lubricin lubricates, one mechanism involving lubricin bound to the tissue surface and the other involving lubricin in solution. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 771–777, 2009
Enantioselective separation of chiral vicinal diols in capillary electrophoresis using a mono‐6A‐aminoethylamino‐β‐cyclodextrin as a chiral selector
Authors: Liu Peng , Sun Xiaoli , He Wei , Jiang Ru , Wang Pingan , Zhao Yan , Zhang Shengyong
Published: December 2008

This paper describes an improved access to mono‐6A‐aminoethylamino‐β‐CD (β‐CDen), a very efficient cationic chiral selector for CZE in the separation of eight chiral aromatic vicinal diols. The β‐CDen concentration has a strong influence on the efficiency of enantioseparation. The effects of the pH and concentration of the BGE, the capillary temperature, and the applied voltage on the resolution and separation selectivity have been studied. Excellent chiral resolution was achieved under the optimal conditions of β‐CDen 10 mM, pH 10, 200 mM borate buffer at 15 kV and 20°C within 20 min. Moreover, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the enantiomeric purity of the catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) reaction products.
Hydrophobicity‐aided potentiometric detection of catecholamines, beta‐agonists, and beta‐blockers in a mixed‐solvent capillary electrophoresis system
Authors: Bazylak Grzegorz , Monge Maria Eugenia , Everaert Joseph , Nagels Luc Joseph
Published: December 2008

A series of cationic drug‐like substances with distinct basicity, hydrogen‐bonding ability, and hydrophobicity, including three catecholamines, two beta‐agonists, and thirteen beta‐blockers, was successfully detected in a capillary electrophoresis system using an end‐capillary coupled potentiometric sensor consisting of a PVC‐based liquid membrane deposited directly on a 100 μm diameter copper rod. The electrophoretic separation was performed on a 72 cm×75 μm id uncoated fused‐silica capillary with an acidic background electrolyte containing phosphoric acid in a water–acetonitrile mixture, pH* 2.8. Samples were injected electrokinetically at 5.0 kV for 10 s and a running voltage of 19.5 kV was applied. Excluding the bufuralol/practolol pair, baseline separation of all substances was achieved in the developed CE system within 9 minutes. A linear relationship (R2 0.8752) between the sensitivity of the applied potentiometric detector and the parameter log P characterising the hydrophobicity of the analytes was demonstrated. The best observable limits of detection (LODs) were obtained for the highly hydrophobic substances, i. e. bufuralol (8.10×10–8 M injected concentration, S/N = 3), propranolol, alprenolol, and clenbuterol (ca. 1.10×10–7 M). In the case of hydrophilic catecholamines and carbuterol their LODs with potentiometric detection were lowered by a factor of almost one thousand, reaching a value of 6.6×10–5 M.
Primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma in the pediatric patient: Can a rational approach to therapy be based on adult studies?
Authors: Attias Dina , Hodgson David , Weitzman Sheila
Published: December 2008

The literature on adult and pediatric primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) was reviewed and compared. Biologically, adult PMBCL has more similarities to Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) than diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Pediatric studies suggest that the biology is similar to that in adults. Median age of children is 14.3 years and the overall survival (OS) is reported as 78.6% and event‐free survival (EFS) as 67.4%. Adverse prognostic factors included LDH >500 and mass size over 10 cm, with a trend towards better survival in younger patients. Studies in adults show better survival with intensified chemotherapy and the addition of rituximab. Data on the use of radiation therapy show improved CR rates and survival with addition of involved field radiation therapy (IFRT). Positron emission tomography (PET) with computerized tomography (CT) imaging response‐assessment after two courses and at therapy‐end may allow for the rational use of IFRT in pediatric/adolescent patients who are more susceptible to development of adverse late effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:566–570. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrostatic pressure, electric and magnetic field effects on shallow donor impurity states and photoionization cross section in cylindrical GaAs–Ga1–xAlx As quantum dots
Authors: Barseghyan M. G. , Kirakosyan A. A. , Duque C. A.
Published: December 2008

Using the variational method and the effective mass approximation, we have calculated the influence of applied electric and magnetic fields, both in the axial direction, and hydrostatic pressure on the binding energy and photoionization cross section for on center shallow‐donor impurities in cylindrical shaped GaAs–Ga1–x Alx As quantum dots. For the hydrostatic pressure effects the Γ–X crossover has been taken into account. Different values for the structure dimensions, applied electric and magnetic fields, hydrostatic pressure, and energy of the incident photon have been considered. Because the parallel polarization of the incident radiation has been considered, the main effects on the photoionization cross section are associated with the applied electric field. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of pressure on electrical properties of short period InAs/GaSb superlattice
Authors: Konczewicz Leszek , Contreras Sylvie , Aït‐Kaci Hocine , Cuminal Yvan , Rodriguez Jean‐Baptiste , Christol Philippe
Published: December 2008

In this paper, we present resistivity and Hall measurements on InAs/GaSb Superlattice (SL) grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs semi‐insulating substrate. Measurements have been carried out under hydrostatic pressure up to 1300 MPa in the temperature range 80–300 K. We observe that the sample exhibits a reproducible change in conductivity type. The SL is n‐type at high temperatures range whereas it is p‐type at low temperature. The characteristic temperature Tch at which the switch of conductivity type occurs increases with pressure from Tch = 190 K to 280 K at highest pressure. The room temperature results are characterized by a strong increase of resistivity with pressure. The room‐temperature Hall mobility varies from 1350 cm2/V s for ambient pressure to 345 cm2/V s for P = 1210 MPa. This strong effect of pressure on electrical transport properties of material suggests that at room temperature at least two types of electrons respectively with high and low mobility take part in the conduction process. The low mobility carriers could be related to the L mini band. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Knowledge is Power: Averting Safety‐Compromising Events in the OR
Authors: Catalano Kathleen
Published: December 2008

SURGICAL PROCEDURES can be unpredictable, and safety‐compromising events can jeopardize patient safety.

PERIOPERATIVE NURSES should be watchful for factors that can contribute to safety‐compromising events, as well as the errors that can follow, and know how to avert them if possible.

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER and increased awareness of patient safety issues and the resources that are available to both health care practitioners and consumers can help perioperative nurses ward off patient safety problems before they occur. AORN J 88 (December 2008) 987–995. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Results of the 2008 AORN Salary Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald
Published: December 2008

AORN CONDUCTED ITS SIXTH ANNUAL compensation survey for perioperative nurses in August of 2008.

A MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL was used to examine how a variety of variables including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region affect nursing compensation.

COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE 2008 and previous years' data are presented.

THE EFFECTS OF OTHER FORMS of compensation, such as on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, and shift differentials on average base compensation rates also are examined. AORN J 88 (December 2008) 901–915. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Effect of estradiol on oocyte development
Authors: Bianco Katherine , Mahutte Neal G. , Arici Aydin , Sakkas Denny , Taylor Hugh S.
Published: December 2008

Objective

To determine whether elevated serum estradiol (E2) concentrations in oocyte donors affect assisted reproduction outcome.

Method

In a retrospective cohort study of 58 consecutive oocyte donation cycles, donors were stratified into 2 groups according to E2 concentration, group 1 (n = 32; E2 ≤ 2000 pg/mL [range 456–2000 pg/mL]) and group 2 (n = 27; E2 > 2000 pg/mL [range, 2062–6957 pg/mL]). Data were analyzed using the t test and χ2 test.

Results

Donors in group 1 produced significantly less oocytes than donors in group 2 (19.3 ± 1.7 vs 12.0 ± 1.4; P < 0.001), and recipients of oocytes from group 1 had significantly fewer numbers of embryos available for transfer (10.4 ± 1.1 vs 6.4 ± 0.8; P = 0.003). However, the mean number (3.3) of embryos transferred and the pregnancy rate were the same in both groups.

Conclusion

Elevated estradiol concentration in oocyte donors did not affect pregnancy outcome, suggesting that estradiol levels in donors do not affect oocyte development.
Deep‐sea observatory
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2008

The first deep‐sea ocean observatory offshore of the continental United States has begun operating in the waters off central California. The remotely operated Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) will allow scientists to monitor the deep sea continuously. Among the first devices to be hooked up to the observatory are instruments to monitor earthquakes, videotape deep‐sea animals, and study the effects of acidification on seafloor animals. “Some day we may look back at the first packets of data streaming in from the MARS observatory as the equivalent of those first words spoken by Alexander Graham Bell: ‘Watson, come here, I need you!’,” commented Marcia McNutt, president and CEO of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, which coordinated construction of the observatory. For more information, see http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2008/mars‐live/mars‐live.html.
Mount Wilson centennial
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2008

The 60‐inch reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, in southern California, which helped scientists measure the Milky Way and determine our solar system's position within it, celebrates its 100th anniversary in December. “The 60‐inch continued the Copernican Revolution by dethroning the Sun from the center of our galaxy,” noted observatory director Harold McAlister. The telescope, with its silver‐on‐glass reflectors, also established the basic design for observatory telescopes on Earth. Capable of operating in several different optical configurations, the telescope was the first one built primarily for photographic and spectrographic use. With its 5‐foot‐diameter mirror, the telescope was the largest in the world until 1917. The telescope is retired from active science but is made available to groups for viewing astronomical objects. The observatory was founded by astronomer George Ellery Hale under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. For more information, visit http://www.mtwilson.edu.
Integrated River Basin Management Through Decentralization
Authors: Davis Matthew D.
Published: December 2008

In international circles, advocacy of integrated water resource management is often based on the Dublin Principles of the 1992 International Conference on Water and the Environment. Those principles include (1) the understanding that freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource, (2) a participatory approach to water management, (3) an emphasis on the role of women in water management, and (4) the recognition of water as an economic good. In 2000, the Global Water Partnership (GWP) developed an interpretative understanding of the Dublin Principles. The GWP described the participatory approach as (1) real participation, (2) participation as more than consultation, (3) achieving consensus, (4) creating participatory mechanisms and capacity, and (5) involvement and decisions at the lowest appropriate level. Advocacy of increased participation and local decision making stems from observance of a history of centralized decision making and inadequate attention to local needs and resources, which have resulted in ineffective water management and water use.

The practice of advocating the development of integrated and local participation at the river basin level has progressed without a determination of whether this model is working. The World Bank, in conjunction with partners, set out to chronicle the decentralization and local participation model. Integrated River Basin Management Through Decentralization documents the research and findings—the most comprehensive examination of this topic to date. The study, moreover, contributes to understanding three critical development and poverty reduction issues: (1) water management, (2) the links between sustainable natural resources management and infrastructure, and (3) participatory decision making. The first three chapters in this 12‐chapter book provide an overview, a summary of the comparative analysis of eight case studies, and a summary of determinants of decentralized water management. The next eight chapters address the eight case studies. Each of the case study chapters is presented in the same format, facilitating readability and comparisons across river basins. The concluding chapter sums up major findings and identifies further areas of research. The book is edited and in part written by three recognized experts in institutional development and water management. They are joined by local experts who possess good working knowledge and experience in the basins that form the case studies.
Vertical heat transport in eddying ocean models
Authors: Wolfe C. L. , Cessi P. , McClean J. L. , Maltrud M. E.
Published: December 2008

The effect of mesoscale eddies on the vertical heat transport of the ocean is examined using two eddy‐resolving numerical models. The global heat transport by the mean flow and diffusion are both downwards and are balanced by an upward eddy heat flux. Mean and eddy advective heat fluxes dominate the subpolar regions, while diffusive flux is important primarily in the subtropics. In the subtropical abyss, the mean advective heat flux is balanced by a combination of eddy and diffusive fluxes and the classical Munk‐type advective‐diffusive heat balance must be modified. The Munk and Wunsch (1998) expression for the vertical turbulent diffusivity over‐estimates the diffusivity by as much as a factor of four near the base of the main thermocline. This implies that the mixing required to close the meridional overturning circulation determined by Munk and Wunsch (1998) may be an over‐estimate due to the neglect of mesoscale eddies.
Automatic Whistler Detector and Analyzer system: Automatic Whistler Detector
Authors: Lichtenberger J. , Ferencz C. , Bodnár L. , Hamar D. , Steinbach P.
Published: December 2008

A new, unique system has been developed for the automatic detection and analysis of whistlers. The Automatic Whistler Detector and Analyzer (AWDA) system has two purposes: (1) to automatically provide plasmaspheric electron densities extracted from whistlers and (2) to collect statistical data for the investigation of whistler generation and propagation. This paper presents the details of and the first results obtained by the automatic detector segment. The detector algorithm is based on image correlation where the target image is a preprocessed spectrogram of raw VLF signals and the pattern is a model whistler. The first AWDA system has been working in Tihany, Hungary (L = 1.8), and has collected 100,000 whistler traces per year. The overall detection efficiency using a parameter set optimized for purpose 2 is 90% for misdetection and 50–80% for false detection. The statistical analysis over the period February 2002 to February 2008 including 600,000 whistler traces shows high diurnal variations; whistler were mainly, but not only, detected when both the source and receiver regions were unlit. The seasonal occurrence is high during austral summer and low during austral winter. Comparison with Tarcsai et al.'s (1988) statistical study on Tihany whistlers shows differences in both diurnal and seasonal variations, but the latter study was made on 1388 manually identified whistlers only. The L value distributions of both data sets are similar. A global network of AWDA systems (AWDAnet) has been set up to overcome the time and space limitations of a single station; the network consists of 13 nodes, and another 6 are envisaged for the near future.
Role of dispersive Alfvén waves in generating parallel electric fields along the Io‐Jupiter fluxtube
Authors: Jones S. T. , Su Y.‐J.
Published: December 2008

Alfvénic disturbances originating from Io are believed to accelerate electrons to energies of 10s of keV. The precipitation of these electrons generates the Io auroral footprint. The electric fields necessary for acceleration come from considering the inertial and kinetic corrections to the ideal Alfvén wave. In this study, we examine where along the Io‐Jupiter magnetic fluxtube these parallel electric fields can contribute to acceleration. Theoretical calculations show that dispersive Alfvén electric fields within the torus are 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the electric fields which can be sustained at high latitudes along the fluxtube. This indicates that acceleration is caused by Alfvénic disturbances passing through the low‐density plasma outside the torus with the strongest acceleration possible at 0.5 RJ above Jupiter.
A generalized solution for transient radial flow in hierarchical multifractal fractured aquifers
Authors: Lods Gérard , Gouze Philippe
Published: December 2008

An analytical solution in the Laplace domain is derived for modeling anomalous pressure diffusion during pumping tests in aquifer displaying hierarchical fractal fracture networks. The proposed solution generalizes all of the analytical models for fractal flow published previously by combining multifractal diffusion and nested multiporosity with transient exchanges, interface skin effects, and well storage effect. Solutions are derived for fracture‐delimited blocks with planar, cylindrical, and spherical shapes, as well as with any fractional dimensional shapes. Any combinations of these shapes can be defined in order to model a large range of situations. Within each permeability level, the fractal properties of the fracture network can be specified and the fractal dimension can be distinct from the shape dimension of the block.
The human orthologue of CdGAP is a phosphoprotein and a GTPase‐activating protein for Cdc42 and Rac1 but not RhoA
Authors: Tcherkezian Joseph , Triki Ibtissem , Stenne Raphaelle , Danek Eric I. , Lamarche‐Vane Nathalie
Published: December 2008

Background information. Rho GTPases regulate a wide range of cellular functions affecting both cell proliferation and cytoskeletal dynamics. They cycle between inactive GDP‐ and active GTP‐bound states. This cycle is tightly regulated by GEFs (guanine nucleotide‐exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase‐activating proteins). Mouse CdGAP (mCdc42 GTPase‐activating protein) has been previously identified and characterized as a specific GAP for Rac1 and Cdc42, but not for RhoA. It consists of an N‐terminal RhoGAP domain and a C‐terminal proline‐rich region. In addition, CdGAP‐related genes are present in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We have recently reported that two predominant isoforms of CdGAP (250 and 90 kDa) exist in specific mouse tissues.

Results. In the present study, we have identified and characterized human CdGAP (KIAA1204) which shares 76% sequence identity to the long isoform of mCdGAP (mCdGAP‐l). Similar to mCdGAP, it is active in vitro and in vivo on both Cdc42 and Rac1, but not RhoA, and is phosphorylated in vivo on serine and threonine residues. In contrast with mCdGAP‐l, human CdGAP interacts with ERK1/2 (extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 1/2) through a region that does not involve a DEF (docking site for ERK Phe‐Xaa‐Phe‐Pro) domain. Also, the tissue distribution of CdGAP proteins appears to be different between human and mouse species. Interestingly, we found that CdGAP proteins cause membrane blebbing in COS‐7 cells.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that CdGAP properties are well conserved between human and mouse species, and that CdGAP may play an unexpected role in apoptosis.