bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Полиморфизм генов GHR и IGF-1 у ремонтного молодняка казахской белоголовой породы
Authors: Surjikova E, , Evlagyna D. , Onyshenko O.
Published: November 2023

It is known that meat productivity and meat quality in cattle are determined not only by paratypic, but also by genetic factors, therefore, the use of genetic markers is relevant and promising. The aim of the study was to determine gene polymorphism of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and to carry out genetic and statistical analysis in a sample of young cattle (steers) of beef cattle of Kazakh white-headed breed. The allelic spectrum of the genes under study was determined by PCR-PDRF method. Research showed that in this sample of animals, the following genes were predominant: the GHRFallele and the GHRFF genotype of the growth hormone receptor gene; the IGF-1Ballele and the IGF-1BB genotype of the insulin-like growth factor gene. Genetic equilibrium in the studied genes was observed in steers of Kazakh white-headed breed. It was also found that half of the animals (50.0 %) in the studied sample lacked complex genotypes with desirable alleles, while the rest of the sample was a carrier of three, two and one marker alleles of two genes.
Standarisasi Parameter Spesifik Dan Non Spesifik Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.)
Authors: Andasari Sholikhah Deti , Mustofa Choiril Hana , Arabela Eka Oktavia
Published: November 2023

Traditionally, the leaves of Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) are used as medicine to eliminate body odor, as a fever reducer (antipyretic), increase appetite (stomakik), laxative sweat (diaphoretic), pain, diarrhea and vaginal discharge. The need to determine the quality standard of the extract from a review of specific and non-specific parameters of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of beluntas (Pluchea indica L). The extract was made by maceration method using ethyl acetate and the quality standard was determined by determining specific parameters including extract identity, extract organoleptic and soluble compounds in ethyl solvent and phytochemical screening. Non-specific parameters which include drying shrinkage, specific gravity and moisture content. The results of the observation of specific parameters obtained the identity of the thick extract, blackish green color, characteristic aromatic odor and bitter taste. The content of the soluble compound in ethanol is 22.201%±2.163. The content of water-soluble compounds was 24.578% ± 2.326. Identification of the chemical content of the extract was positive for flavonoid compounds, tannins and saponins, and negative for alkaloid compounds. Moisture content 15,878±2,087. Drying shrinkage 20.895% ± 3.674. Specific gravity 0.668 g/mL ± 0.355.
Pelaksanaan Senam Lansia Dalam Mencegah Demensia
Authors: Fitri Suciana  , Daryani
Published: November 2023

Penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia di dunia mencapai 50 juta dan 60% memiliki penghasilan yang rendah dan menengah. Gangguan kognitif serting terjadi pada lansia dan merupakan masalah yang serius bagi lansia. Pencegahan penurunan fungsi kognitif dapat dilakukan dengan farmakologis yangmenggunakan obat-obatan dan mengandung bahan kimiawi, kemudian non farmakologis seperti aktifitas fisik, aktifitas mental dan aktifitas sosial .Pencegahan non farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan sendiri oleh lansia yaitu aktifitas fisik berupa senam otak. Kegiatan PKM dilaksanakan melalui 3 tahap yaitu persiapan dengan melakukan perijinan dan koordinasi, pelaksanaan dengan melakukan senam otak dan evaluasi dengan redemonstrasi oleh lansia. Senam otak meningkatkan keterampilan belajar menggunakan kemampuan otak , senam otak dapat dilakukan selama 3 minggu sebanyak 4 kali dalam satu minggu dengan durasi 15-20 menit. Senam otak membutuhkan koordinasi fungsi tubuh mulai dari kepala, tangan, jari dan kaki yang akan menstimulasi keseimbangan tubuh, motoric dan daya ingat.
Syenitic and associated intrusions of the Kap Edvard Holm region of Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland
Authors: Deer W. A. , Kempe D. R. C. , Jones G. C.
Published: November 2023

Kap Edvard Holm, near Kangerdlugssuaq, forms part of one of the six Tertiary igneous centres of southern East Greenland. The plutonic rocks are mainly cumulate gabbros but there are several syenite masses, together with some minor granophyres and other acid rocks. The larger syenites - Kap Boswell, Kap Deichmann, and Hutchinson Gletscher I - are intruded as conical masses into the gabbros with an intermediate ring of igneous breccia. The petrography, mineralogy, and bulk chemistry of the rocks are reported. The syenites are generally nordmarkitic, containing hedenbergite and aegirine-augite, and amphiboles ranging from hastingsite, ferroedenite, and ferrorichterite (katophorite) to arfvedsonite, while aenigmatite is quite common in the Kap Boswell and Barberkniven syenites and veins. Many rock and mineral analyses are given. An estimate of the composition of the parent magma gives a nordmarkitic liquid very close to that of the main peripheral intrusions at Kangerdlugssuaq and also to the quartz trachytic late differentiate of the Azores alkali basalt. This agrees with the authors' earlier suggestion that all the syenite masses were most probably the products of a quartz trachyte magma, fractionated in the case of the main intrusion to yield the range of rock types occurring there, and itself produced by differentiation of an alkali basalt magma such as yielded some of the many dykes present in the region. An alternative explanation, proposed by Brooks & Gill (1982), that the main intrusion derived from the reaction of a foyaitic magma, fractionated from a nephelinitic parent, with the enclosing gneisses and basalts, could not have been repeated so exactly throughout the minor peripheral intrusions at Kangerdlugssuaq and again at Kap Edvard Holm.
Post-glacial mass flow and associated deposits preserved in palaeovalleys: the Late Precambrian Morænesø Formation, North Greenland
Authors: Collinson John D. , Bevins Richard E. , Clemmensen Lars B.
Published: November 2023

The Morænesø Formation is of Late Proterozoic age and is preserved as the fills of a series of palaeovalleys. The formation is made up of conglomerates and sandstones of fluvial and aeolian origin and of a series of breccias which resulted almost entirely from gravitational mass movement down the sides of the palaeovalleys. At the most extensive exposure, examples of local rock-fall, rock-slide and matrix-poor breccia flows are observed close to the valley side. Their movement was probably favoured by freeze-thaw mechanisms. More widespread diamictites overlie valley-floor sands and were deposited under water-saturated conditions as a series of mass flows apparently from the sides of the palaeovalleys. The diamictites contain far-travelled clasts, some of which show striated surfaces suggesting a phase of glacial transport prior to final emplacement. Only at one locality does diamictite directly overlie the basal unconformity and suggest possible in situ till. The diamictite sheets are overlain by a widespread but thin dolomite unit which shows spectacular stromatolitic domes. At other localities in the area, valley fills show evidence of floating lake ice with dropstone pebbles occurring in thin bedded sandstones and mudstones.

The palaeovalleys are thought to have been eroded by valley glaciers which, on retreat, left substantial volumes of till on the valley sides and possibly in tributary valleys. Any moraine deposited on the valley floor was eroded by fluvial activity priorto a phase of alluvial and aeolian aggradation which coincided with local mass movement in cold conditions. Catastrophic rainfall, probably related to a generally wetter palaeoclimate, remobilised lateral moraines and other deposits and emplaced them on the valley floor. Deep weathering of dolerites at the unconformity suggests an ameliorated climate and a substantial time gap prior to these mass flows. A body of shallow water, established on the valley floor soon after these events, led to deposition of stromatolitic dolomite.

The Morænesø Formation represents remarkable preservation of a complex series of local glacial and post-glacial deposits in an upland setting compared with the more widespread lowland or marine tillites of Late Proterozoic age in other areas.
Review of seismicity and other geophysical data near Nares Strait
Authors: Wetmiller Robert J. , Forsyth David A.
Published: November 2023

Nares Strait is aseismic even to small magnitude levels, in contrast to nearby active areas in Baffin Bay, the Lincoln Sea and the Sverdrup Basin. Activity immediately to the south of the Strait is infrequent and minor. The nature of Lg propagation suggests a discontinuity in the continental crust at the southern terminus of Nares Strait while seismicity in the Lincoln Sea seems most logically related to an extension of the activity in the Sverdrup Basin.
Intense seismic activity in Baffin Bay appears to be confined south of latitude 75°N. Focal mechanisms for recent earthquakes in Baffin Bay and north of Greenland do not support the hypothesis of large left-lateral displacements along Nares Strait.
Free air gravity anomalies indicate that some of the seismicity of northern Baffin Bay and Baffin Island may be related to glacial rebound or uncompensated sedimentary loads acting on zones of weakness. The aseismic nature of Nares Strait under the action of stresses due to local glacial unloading or regional north-south compression argues against the presence of a relatively young shear zone of major crustal or lithospheric dimension.
Nares Strait: a conflict between plate tectonic predictions and geological interpretation
Authors: Srivastava Shiri P. , Falconer Robin K. H.
Published: November 2023

The majority of published plate tectonic models concerning relative movement of North America and Greenland predict sinistral movement of 100 to 250 km along Nares Strait since the mid-Upper Cretaceous. Some models also predict an initial gap of up to 150 km across it in late Cretaceous time. If geological and structural data across Nares Strait convincingly preclude such movements, the plate tectonic models for the area must be revised. Different plate configurations and the problems they pose are presented when a) the Queen Elizabeth Islands are considered part of the Greenland plate and Parry Channel is considered the fossil boundary between the North American and Greenland plates, b) the North American and Greenland plates are considered non-rigid to accommodate the relative motions between them, thereby involving virtually no movement along Nares Strait and c) there is a combination of the previous two situations. The pre-drift reconstructions of Greenland relative to North America show that, if no strike-slip motion is allowed along Nares Strait, serious overlaps occur between the continental crust of the two plates. It is concluded from these reconstructions that either strike-slip motion did take place along Nares Strait as the plate tectonic models have predicted or far more deformation of the plates, not supported from their presently known geology, must have taken place. More detailed geological and geophysical information is needed in the regions surrounding Nares Strait before a definite answer to this problem can be obtained.
Contributing geological knowledge for sustainable development
Authors:   Geological Society of Malaysia, Pereira Joy Jacqueline
Published: November 2023

The Bulletin of the Geological Science of Malaysia is a peer-reviewed open access interdisciplinary Earth Science journal. Over the decades, the Bulletin has documented about 1400 articles covering trending research topics and original findings in geology that contribute both directly and indirectly to sustainable development. Areas covered include economic geology, engineering geology, environmental geology, geochemistry, geological heritage, geomorphology, geophysics, hydrogeology, mining geology, palaeontology, petroleum geology, regional geology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, structural geology and tectonics. While the geographic focus is primarily Malaysia and Southeast Asia, comparative studies from other regions that are of current interest and have potential impact on sustainable development are also considered important. This includes findings related to oil and gas, mining, environmental management, heritage conservation, geotourism, earthquake and hazard assessment, disaster risk reduction and climate change. It is a pleasure to present to you the 76th volume of the Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia that comprises seven articles. The lead article by Dobbs et al. (2023) is relevant to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) on Sustainable Cities and Communities. The following two articles by Fauzi et al. (2023) and Kadri et al. (2023) contribute to SDG 9 on Clean and Affordable Energy as well as SDG 13 on Climate Action. The article by Raj (2023) is rooted in the field of engineering geology. The remaining articles by Kessler & Abdullah (2023), Madon & Jong (2023) and Breitfeld et al. (2023) draw on multiple fields of geology such as regional geology, sedimentology, stratigraphy and tectonics. All these articles document geological knowledge that indirectly support sustainable development.
El capital social de organizaciones productivas rurales de la economía social
Authors: Salinas Vásquez Juanita , Urgilés Salinas María , Sastre-Merino Susana
Published: November 2023

El enfoque constructivista de desarrollo comunitario reconoce el rol transformador e innovador del tejido social (capital social) de las organizaciones de la economía social para promover procesos incluyentes de movilización de recursos y gestión de lo común. La investigación identifica fortalezas y debilidades relacionales en organizaciones productivas rurales de la economía social de la provincia de Manabí-Ecuador, mediante la valoración del capital social. La metodología aplicada para valorar el capital social incorpora componentes de la dimensión institucional, cognitiva y estructural en tres ámbitos de análisis: contexto territorial, perfil de la organización y relación entre miembros. En el ámbito territorial, la limitada cobertura de servicios públicos afecta a todas las organizaciones, precariza las condiciones de vida, dificulta las relaciones y restringe las oportunidades de desarrollo. La valoración del perfil organizativo evidencia fortalezas para establecer roles, reglas y procedimientos y debilidad en la construcción de redes con actores externos. Para el ámbito de relación entre miembros, la dificultad se ubica en mantener visión compartida y sancionar comportamientos oportunistas. De esta manera, identificar las diferencias en las condiciones relacionales de las organizaciones, según el nivel de dotación de capital social, resulta útil para guiar la formulación de estrategias prácticas de intervención que promuevan el desarrollo local a través del fortalecimiento de las asociaciones y cooperativas.
Representation, Democracy, and the Ecological Age
Authors: Tănăsescu Mihnea
Published: November 2023

Representación, Democracia, y la Edad Ecologica
Abstract: We live in the age of ecology?the Ecocene. And if we start from the messy ecological relations that are pushing radical changes in human societies, new problems and new questions arise. This research note is concerned with how the ecological age is shifting the meaning of political representation, especially in relation to non-humans. Taking cues from ontological pluralism and specific situations it proposes that representation can no longer be uniquely thought as the practice of making present that which is absent. Instead, it becomes the creation of hybrid voices based on an ever-expanding array of beings that come to matter. 
Resumen: Vivimos en la era de la ecología: el Ecoceno. Y si comenzamos desde las desordenadas relaciones ecológicas que están impulsando cambios radicales en las sociedades humanas, surgen nuevos problemas y nuevas preguntas. Esta nota de investigación analiza cómo la edad ecológica está cambiando el significado de la representación política, especialmente en relación con los no humanos. Partiendo del pluralismo ontológico y de situaciones concretas, propone que la representación ya no puede concebirse únicamente como la práctica de hacer presente lo que está ausente. En su lugar, se convierte en la creación de voces híbridas basadas en un conjunto cada vez mayor de seres que llegan a importarnos.
Human attention during goal-directed reading comprehension relies on task optimization
Authors: Zou Jiajie , Zhang Yuran , Li Jialu , Tian Xing , Ding Nai
Published: November 2023

The computational principles underlying attention allocation in complex goal-directed tasks remain elusive. Goal-directed reading, that is, reading a passage to answer a question in mind, is a common real-world task that strongly engages attention. Here, we investigate what computational models can explain attention distribution in this complex task. We show that the reading time on each word is predicted by the attention weights in transformer-based deep neural networks (DNNs) optimized to perform the same reading task. Eye tracking further reveals that readers separately attend to basic text features and question-relevant information during first-pass reading and rereading, respectively. Similarly, text features and question relevance separately modulate attention weights in shallow and deep DNN layers. Furthermore, when readers scan a passage without a question in mind, their reading time is predicted by DNNs optimized for a word prediction task. Therefore, we offer a computational account of how task optimization modulates attention distribution during real-world reading.
Single-cell multiomics analysis of chronic myeloid leukemia links cellular heterogeneity to therapy response
Authors: Warfvinge Rebecca , Geironson Ulfsson Linda , Dhapola Parashar , Safi Fatemeh , Sommarin Mikael , Soneji Shamit , Hjorth-Hansen Henrik , Mustjoki Satu , Richter Johan , Thakur Ram Krishna , Karlsson Göran
Published: November 2023

The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a paradigm in molecularly targeted cancer therapy. Nonetheless, TKI-insensitive leukemia stem cells (LSCs) persist in most patients even after years of treatment and are imperative for disease progression as well as recurrence during treatment-free remission (TFR). Here, we have generated high-resolution single-cell multiomics maps from CML patients at diagnosis, retrospectively stratified by BCR::ABL1IS (%) following 12 months of TKI therapy. Simultaneous measurement of global gene expression profiles together with >40 surface markers from the same cells revealed that each patient harbored a unique composition of stem and progenitor cells at diagnosis. The patients with treatment failure after 12 months of therapy had a markedly higher abundance of molecularly defined primitive cells at diagnosis compared to the optimal responders. The multiomic feature landscape enabled visualization of the primitive fraction as a mixture of molecularly distinct BCR::ABL1+ LSCs and BCR::ABL1-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in variable ratio across patients, and guided their prospective isolation by a combination of CD26 and CD35 cell surface markers. We for the first time show that BCR::ABL1+ LSCs and BCR::ABL1- HSCs can be distinctly separated as CD26+CD35- and CD26-CD35+, respectively. In addition, we found the ratio of LSC/HSC to be higher in patients with prospective treatment failure compared to optimal responders, at diagnosis as well as following 3 months of TKI therapy. Collectively, this data builds a framework for understanding therapy response and adapting treatment by devising strategies to extinguish or suppress TKI-insensitive LSCs.
Open-top Bessel beam two-photon light sheet microscopy for three-dimensional pathology
Authors: Park Won Yeong , Yun Jieun , Shin Jinho , Oh Byung Ho , Yoon Gilsuk , Hong Seung-Mo , Kim Ki Hean
Published: November 2023

Nondestructive pathology based on three-dimensional (3D) optical microscopy holds promise as a complement to traditional destructive hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slide-based pathology by providing cellular information in high throughput manner. However, conventional techniques provided superficial information only due to shallow imaging depths. Herein, we developed open-top two-photon light sheet microscopy (OT-TP-LSM) for intraoperative 3D pathology. An extended depth of field two-photon excitation light sheet was generated by scanning a nondiffractive Bessel beam, and selective planar imaging was conducted with cameras at 400 frames/s max during the lateral translation of tissue specimens. Intrinsic second harmonic generation was collected for additional extracellular matrix (ECM) visualization. OT-TP-LSM was tested in various human cancer specimens including skin, pancreas, and prostate. High imaging depths were achieved owing to long excitation wavelengths and long wavelength fluorophores. 3D visualization of both cells and ECM enhanced the ability of cancer detection. Furthermore, an unsupervised deep learning network was employed for the style transfer of OT-TP-LSM images to virtual H&E images. The virtual H&E images exhibited comparable histological characteristics to real ones. OT-TP-LSM may have the potential for histopathological examination in surgical and biopsy applications by rapidly providing 3D information.
Yeast eIF2A has a minimal role in translation initiation and uORF-mediated translational control in vivo
Authors: Gaikwad Swati , Ghobakhlou Fardin , Zhang Hongen , Hinnebusch Alan G
Published: November 2023

Initiating translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs depends on recruitment of methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, forming a 43S preinitiation complex (PIC) that attaches to the mRNA and scans the 5′-untranslated region (5′ UTR) for an AUG start codon. Previous studies have implicated mammalian eIF2A in GTP-independent binding of Met-tRNAi to the 40S subunit and its recruitment to specialized mRNAs that do not require scanning, and in initiation at non-AUG start codons, when eIF2 function is attenuated by phosphorylation of its α-subunit during stress. The role of eIF2A in translation in vivo is poorly understood however, and it was unknown whether the conserved ortholog in budding yeast can functionally substitute for eIF2. We performed ribosome profiling of a yeast deletion mutant lacking eIF2A and isogenic wild-type (WT) cells in the presence or absence of eIF2α phosphorylation induced by starvation for amino acids isoleucine and valine. Whereas starvation of WT confers changes in translational efficiencies (TEs) of hundreds of mRNAs, the eIF2AΔ mutation conferred no significant TE reductions for any mRNAs in non-starved cells, and it reduced the TEs of only a small number of transcripts in starved cells containing phosphorylated eIF2α. We found no evidence that eliminating eIF2A altered the translation of mRNAs containing putative internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements, or harboring uORFs initiated by AUG or near-cognate start codons, in non-starved or starved cells. Thus, very few mRNAs (possibly only one) appear to employ eIF2A for Met-tRNAi recruitment in yeast cells, even when eIF2 function is attenuated by stress.
The influence of Large Language Models on systematic review and research dissemination
Authors: Baradziej Simon
Published: November 2023

Watch VIDEO.
This presentation will delve into the transformative role of AI in scholarly communication, highlighting its potential, implications, and challenges, and further addressing the ethical considerations that come with it.
Recent advancements in AI, specifically large language models have unlocked new possibilities for scientific exploration and communication. Large language models such as GPT-4 and LLAMA, with their remarkable text-generation capabilities, stand at the forefront of this AI revolution. In the first part of the presentation, I examine how these AI tools are reshaping the nature of systematic reviews. The ability to analyze, summarize, and generate vast amounts of text allows these models to facilitate more efficient processes, offering a valuable tool to researchers navigating through vast databases of published work.
I would discuss how AI is engendering new developments in research methodology. Through the use of predictive modelling and advanced analytics, AI tools like GPT-4 allow for a deeper understanding of existing research and the identification of gaps in the literature, thereby promoting innovative research approaches. However, these advancements come with the need for updated ethical frameworks, a topic I would try to address also.
The issues related to AI use include issues of transparency and accountability, as the ”blackbox” approach to deep learning models can be uncovered; without appropriate interpretability architecture (such as with GPT-4 or LLAMA), these models can be generating inaccurate information based on their predictive capabilities.
Nevertheless, these have proved to be of use, and with a fine prompt tuning, publicly available models can be of great use to researchers. I would delve into the question of how to balance the benefits of AI tools with the need to maintain high ethical standards in research, aiming to provide possible insights into how these ethical frameworks might be updated to accommodate the new realities of AI.
Furthermore, I’d reflect on the consequences of AI for the evaluation of research. While AI can aid in the quick assessment of a paper's relevance or novelty, questions remain about its capacity to fully evaluate the quality and significance of research. This discussion emphasizes the need for a blend of AI models with human expertise to achieve robust research evaluation for the time being (or for further training for specific use cases of the models.)
I’d like to conclude with a reflection on the overall impact of the integration of AI LLMs on systematic reviews and research dissemination. While acknowledging the transformative potential of AI in reshaping the scientific landscape, it underscores the need for careful navigation of the associated challenges and ethical implications.
Transforming Research Assessment for an Equitable Scientific Culture
Authors: Flores Bueso Yensi
Published: November 2023

Watch VIDEO.
Science plays a pivotal role in the advancement of democratic societies, and there is a growing consensus advocating for its recognition as both a common good and a fundamental human right. To effectively fulfil this role, science necessitates the trust of society, the support of policy makers, and robust international collaboration, enabling the mobility of researchers and the free flow of knowledge.
To encourage this, our responsibilities as researchers extend beyond the realm of academic publishing. They encompass science outreach, education, diplomacy, policy advocacy, entrepreneurship, and collaborations aimed at addressing global challenges or progress towards more equitable societies. However, this is hampered by current research assessment practices and the academic reward system, which perpetuate a 'publish or perish' research culture that confines the scope of science to academic publishing, fosters privilege-based biases, and prioritises quantity over quality, as well as prestige over integrity.
During this talk, I will share my personal journey as an early career researcher from the Global South, now affiliated with one of the most innovative research labs worldwide. My research journey, which was enabled by securing highly competitive funding since early stages of my career, provided me with first-hand insight into the biases and repercussions of current research assessment practices on the trajectories of researchers.
Further validating this perspective is a ground-breaking study I co-led with colleagues from the Global Young Academy, exploring research assessment for career advancement on a global scale. This study shows that research institutions worldwide heavily rely on bibliometrics to evaluate career progression, irrespective of the academic discipline. However, while more established institutions appear to be walking away from these practices, these are becoming more popular in emerging research institutions from low-middle income countries. These findings highlight the need for transformational global (inclusive) initiatives.
I am privileged to be part of one such initiative – The Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA). CoARA brings together a community of researchers and research enablers dedicated to reforming this perilous research culture. CoARA’s guiding principles centre on acknowledging the diversity of contributions and careers in science, shifting research evaluation towards qualitative aspects where research ethics and integrity are at the core, and recognizing that excellence is context-dependent, varying for each candidate, role, and projects. A standout feature of CoARA is its unwavering commitment to early career researchers, placing them at the heart of its principles, governance, structures, and interventions. Thus, ensuring that future generation of scientific leaders is well-equipped to navigate and transform the landscape of research assessment and scientific culture.
Eye movements unveil sensitivity of naïve listeners to iconicity of Russian onomatopoeic words
Authors: Häikiö Tuomo , Kanerva Oksana
Published: November 2023

Iconicity between form and meaning of words is considered to be instrumental in relating linguistic forms to sensorimotor experience. Some Russian onomatopoeic words (e.g. bac ‘bang’) depict sounds and indicate action connected to these sounds. This study investigated how sensitive adult Finnish L1 speakers with no prior knowledge of Russian are to the iconicity of spoken onomatopoeic words in Russian. First, an iconicity rating test was used to establish the iconicity levels for each token from the perspective of Finnish native speakers who had never learned Russian before. Second, an eye-tracking experiment using different participants, who were also native in Finnish and unfamiliar with Russian, employed the visual world paradigm to test visual recognition of the meaning of spoken words. Our results revealed that iconicity rating for each token varied within the class of onomatopoeic words, and that iconicity ratings for different words were strongly connected with their semantic transparency.
Automatic classification of kidney CT images with relief based novel hybrid deep model
Authors: Bingol Harun , Yildirim Muhammed , Yildirim Kadir , Alatas Bilal
Published: November 2023

One of the most crucial organs in the human body is the kidney. Usually, the patient does not realize the serious problems that arise in the kidneys in the early stages of the disease. Many kidney diseases can be detected and diagnosed by specialists with the help of routine computer tomography (CT) images. Early detection of kidney diseases is extremely important for the success of the treatment of the disease and for the prevention of other serious diseases. In this study, CT images of kidneys containing stones, tumors, and cysts were classified using the proposed hybrid model. Results were also obtained using pre-trained models that had been acknowledged in the literature to evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested model. The proposed model consists of 29 layers. While classifying kidney CT images, feature maps were obtained from the convolution 6 and convolution 7 layers of the proposed model, and these feature maps were combined after optimizing with the Relief method. The wide neural network classifier then classifies the optimized feature map. While the highest accuracy value obtained in eight different pre-trained models was 87.75%, this accuracy value was 99.37% in the proposed model. In addition, different performance evaluation metrics were used to measure the performance of the model. These values show that the proposed model has reached high-performance values. Therefore, the proposed approach seems promising in order to automatically and effectively classify kidney CT images.
Malignant Neoplasm of the Tongue Mimicking an Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A Case Report
Authors: Chandrasekhar Ajit , Kumar Saurabh , Chacko Rabin , Charlu Arun Paul
Published: November 2023

Pyogenic Granuloma (PG) is a benign reactive lesion characterised by tissue hyperplasia caused by local irritants. The gingiva is the most common site of occurrence in the oral cavity, followed by the tongue and buccal mucosa. It typically presents as a pedunculated or sessile mass. Removal of the irritants and complete excision of the lesion from its base usually results in complete resolution. In this case report, the authors present the case of a 44-year-old female patient, who presented to maxillofacial surgeons With complaints of difficulty in eating and speaking due to a large growth on her tongue that had been present for the past year. The mass, which was non-tender and non-indurated, nearly filled the oral cavity. Routine medical examination revealed iron deficiency anaemia, and systemic correction was initiated. Concurrently, the patient underwent surgical excision of the mass, which was initially diagnosed as a PG, under local anaesthesia. However, the final biopsy revealed poorly differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Subsequent radiological investigations revealed extensive local and regional disease spread with metastasis to the upper chest wall. As a result, the patient was advised palliative care by the Institution’s head and neck tumour oncology board.
Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy and Abrasivity of a Herbal Dentifrice Formulated with Myristica Fragrans and a Commercially Available Herbal Dentifrice: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Mahajan Kavisha , Kunte Sanket , Patil Smita , Jagtap Chetana , Chaudhary Shweta , Shah Preetam
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Effective plaque control is important for proper oral health maintenance, and the toothbrush-dentifrice combination is essential for achieving this. Recently, herbal toothpastes have gained more popularity among people. Aim: To formulate a novel herbal toothpaste containing Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) and compare its antimicrobial efficacy and abrasivity with a commercially available herbal toothpaste. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted 24 non-carious extracted permanent teeth with intact coronal structure. Experimental and control divided equally in the two groups(n=12 in each group). The nutmeg toothpaste was formulated using nutmeg, tulsi leaf powder, and clove powder as the main herbal ingredients. Dabur red was selected as the commercial herbal toothpaste. The zone of inhibition of both toothpastes was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species using the agar well diffusion method. Enamel specimens measuring 5×5×5 mm were mounted on acrylic blocks and brushed for 28 days. Profilometric analysis was conducted on the 1st, 7th, and 28th day. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 23.0 software, and independent t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used. Results: 24 teeth were used. A total of 6 samples of toothpaste were considered for antimicrobial testing. The zone of inhibition for the nutmeg toothpaste and Dabur red was 28 mm and 32.17±0.42 mm, respectively, against both organisms. The increase in surface roughness of enamel was not statistically significant between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both toothpastes exhibited antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms and significantly increased the surface roughness of enamel from baseline to the 28th day. The nutmeg toothpaste caused less enamel abrasion, but the difference was not significant.
Constraints in Organizations of Agricultural Knowledge Creation, Information Management and Technology Delivery System in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Managuli Gangubai Shivappa , Sharma J. P. , Gills Reshma , Burman R. R. , Gurung Bishal
Published: November 2023

The present study was conducted to delineate the various constraints faced by the institutions doing agricultural knowledge, information management, and technology delivery. The Bundelkhand Region of U.P. was purposively chosen for this study because of the presence of  major institutes  such as  the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI), Central Agroforestry Research Institute and agricultural universities located in Banda and Jhansi, ICAR KVKs, state government line departments, ATMA and many related NGOs. Secondary data were collected through the study of extant literature.  Identified major constraints were sorted out with the help of experts. Primary data was collected from officials of every organization through direct personal interviews and focussed group discussions. The total sample size was 50. The constraints were grouped into three categories; that is, constraints in knowledge creation, information management, and technology delivery. Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) method was used to quantify the responses, in order to establish the major constraints with severe effects. Findings revealed there is a need for knowledge experts to periodically train the work-force of the sampled organizations to update the skill of the scientists. Such up scaling of employees’ knowledge would increase digitalization, improve effective management of information; enhance coordination among different organizations while reducing duplicative efforts or misplaced efforts.
Response of Rice Varieties at Varying Nitrogen Level
Authors: Krishna Mathi Venkata Vamsi , Singh Shikha , Nawhal Anu , Reddy Chalimadugu Sandeep , Vandana Boyapati
Published: November 2023

A field investigation to ascertain the response of rice varieties at varying nitrogen level was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, during the Kharif – 2022 with nine treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design, which consists of three rice varieties (NDR-359, Sahbhagi Dhan, BPT-5204) and three nitrogen levels (100, 120, 140 kg ha-1). The results revealed that application of nitrogen 120 kg ha-1 in Sahbhagi Dhan recorded significantly higher plant height (146.20 cm), dry weight (103.77 g hill-1), grain yield (4.27 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.23 t ha-1), maximum gross returns (1,00,166.70 INR ha-1), net returns (60,185.92 INR ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.52). However, number of tillers hill-1 (30.87), number of productive tillers hill-1 (8.93), number of grains panicle-1 (115.87) and harvest index (38.71%) were recorded significantly higher in BPT-5204 with nitrogen 120 kg ha-1.
Optimizing Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat Crops through Integrated Irrigation and Nitrogen Management: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chawla Resham , Balasaheb Khose Suyog
Published: November 2023

Achieving sustainable agricultural productivity is critical due to the rising worldwide demand for food and the growing scarcity of water. This comprehensive review investigates the complex interrelations where integrated irrigation and nitrogen management are used as a strategic method to improve wheat crop yields and water use efficiency (WUE). The study synthesizes current research findings, methodologies, and technological advancements related to optimizing water and nitrogen inputs in wheat cultivation. A number of factors can affect WUE in wheat, including climate, soil, crop management practices, and genetic factors. There are a number of irrigation and nitrogen management practices that can be used to improve WUE in wheat, including deficit irrigation, mulching, and split applications of nitrogen fertilizer. The review underscores the significance of tailored irrigation and nitrogen management strategies in mitigating water stress, reducing nutrient runoff, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Insights from this comprehensive analysis aim to guide policymakers, agronomists, and farmers in making informed decisions for optimizing wheat production while conserving water resources and minimizing environmental impact. Future research on WUE can help to ensure that wheat production remains sustainable in the face of future challenges such as climate change and water scarcity.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK AVERSION AND BRAND LOYALTY IN MEN’S CARE PRODUCTS
Authors: Kristanti Dwi Anna
Published: November 2023

Developing e-commerce platforms in Indonesia has also contributed to the growth of the cosmetic and personal care product sector. Currently, cosmetic products are no longer only intended for women but also men. Thus, creating opportunities and a conducive environment for the emergence of new companies. With the increasing number of companies in the men's cosmetic industry today, building brand loyalty is one of the biggest challenges companies will face. This study aims to explore the relationship between risk aversion and brand loyalty and test whether this relationship is mediated by brand trust and brand affect in men's purchase of cosmetic and body care products. The sample selection was carried out using a purposive sampling method with 130 respondents with the criteria of being male students in Surabaya. Data analysis using SEM-PLS variant-based structural equation method. The results showed that risk aversion is statistically significant in influencing brand trust, brand affect, and brand loyalty. Brand trust and brand affect are also statistically significant in influencing brand loyalty. By analysing brand loyalty and the variables that influence it, cosmetic and men's body care product companies can understand how to develop brand loyalty, especially by paying attention to risk aversion, brand trust, brand affect, and brand loyalty.
The origins and development of a Scottish surgical instrument maker
Authors: Pollitt Ruth
Published: November 2023

The origins and development of Archibald Young, an Edinburgh family firm of surgical instrument makers, are examined. Over five generations the firm developed from a cutler’s apprenticeship in 1771 into a prominent manufacturer of surgical instruments at the Edinburgh International Exhibition of 1886. Archival sources include parish registers, business receipts, newspapers, Annual Directories, the Register of Edinburgh Apprentices and Burgesses, Minute Books of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Edinburgh, and the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Cash Books. The documentary evidence is augmented by examples of instruments held in museums and archives in Britain. The research provides a business history that will aid the dating of artefacts in museum collections and offer an insight into Young’s contribution to Edinburgh’s medical heritage.
The Cummings of Altyre and the search for an ancient genealogy, part 2
Authors: Cleary John
Published: November 2023

Part 1 of this study, in Proceedings volume 151 (Cleary 2022), analysed a tradition of descent built by the Gordon Cummings of Altyre, Moray, from a mix of historical fact, legend and romance, claiming descent from one of the two ‘Red Comyns’ killed by the Bruce party in Dumfries, 1306. In a 150-year genealogy linking the Red Comyns to the first verifiable Cumming resident of Altyre, only two of the names were demonstrably historical persons. Part 2 examines the historical evidence for these two individuals and for whether they were related in the way the Altyre tradition claims. It is argued that one of them, but not both, was a lineal ancestor of the Altyre Cummings. The two were more distantly related than tradition claims, and the first – Sir Richard Comyn the Crusader (c 1340–1412 × 1415) – founded a different line of Cummings, that of Couttie, Perthshire. The other, Alexander Cumyne, who contracted to marry a sister of the Dunbar earl of Moray in 1408, almost certainly is the Altyre line’s founder, and through him the Gordon Cummings may be descended from the Red Comyns, but in a different way to constructed tradition. In a remarkable series of letters by the antiquarian lawyer John Riddell, a sound account of the Cummings’ origin was put forward in the 1820s, before being overlooked for 200 years. Transcriptions are presented in an appendix to this article.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: November 2023

Front matter for Volume 152

Table of Contents

List of abbreviations commonly used in the Proceedings

Editorial board for the Proceedings Vol 152

Society's Council from 30 November 2021

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Preparation and Tribological Properties of Self‐Lubricating Epoxy Resin Composites with Oil‐Containing Carbon‐Based Nanocapsules
Authors: Zhang Zitong , Zou Yang , Xiong Weitang , Shu Xi , Li Xiaolei , Dai Yuanjing
Published: November 2023

Oil‐containing nanocapsules are prepared and used to solve the challenges arising from the low mechanical properties and high coefficient of friction (CoF) of epoxy resin (EP). The shell of the nanocapsules is amorphous carbon and the core is lubricating oil (ATF6, Automatic Transmission Fluid 6). The nanocapsules are uniform hollow spheres with an average particle diameter of 530 nm and a shell thickness of 60 nm. The mass content of the lubricating oil encapsulated in the nanocapsules can reach 64.88% upon vacuum impregnation. Enhancing with the oil‐containing nanocapsules, the tribological properties of EP composites are studied in detail. Compared with those of neat EP, the compressive strength of the EP composite with 7 vol% nanocapsules improves by 9.2%, and the CoF and wear rate reduce by 71.70% and 89.38%, respectively. During the friction process, the oil‐containing nanocapsules are crushed and the oil is released, which contributes to the antifriction property of EP composites. Moreover, the results are expected to open up new ideas for the research and development of self‐lubricating materials.
CFD‐based bioreactor model with proportional–integral–derivative controller functionality for dissolved oxygen and pH
Authors: Oliveira Christopher L. , Pace Zoe , Thomas John A. , DeVincentis Brian , Sirasitthichoke Chadakarn , Egan Susan , Lee Jongchan
Published: November 2023

A physics‐based model for predicting cell culture fluid properties inside a stirred tank bioreactor with embedded PID controller logic is presented. The model evokes a time‐accurate solution to the fluid velocity field and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, as well as the ongoing effects of interfacial mass transfer, species mixing, and aqueous chemical reactions. The modeled system also includes a direct coupling between process variables and system control variables via embedded controller logic. Satisfactory agreement is realized between the model prediction and measured bioreactor data in terms of the steady‐state operating conditions and the response to setpoint changes. Simulation runtimes are suitable for industrial research and design timescales.