bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resíduos de defensivos agrícolas nos alimentos
Authors: Giannotti Oswaldo
Published: November 2020

A descoberta e o rápido desenvolvimento do uso dos defensivos organossintéticos nos últimos anos, cuja enorme importância sobre a produtividade agrícola é sobejamente conhecida, ao lado das vantagens que proporcionaram no combate aos insetos nocivos, fungos e outros patógenos e ervas daninhas, reavivaram certos problemas até então não pesquisados suficientemente e cuja significação à saúde do homem não foi levada na devida consideração. Entre eles, deve-se destacar o que se refere aos possíveis resíduos tóxicos deixados nas plantas e nos animais que se destinam à alimentação do homem. A possibilidade de que a população em geral e os animais domésticos, como decorrência de contaminação do meio ambiente, venham a ingerir pequenas quantidades de inseticidas juntamente com seus alimentos, de forma a causar prejuízos à saúde, tem determinado certa apreensão entre pesquisadores e leigos. É isto perfeitamente justificável, tendo-se em vista pesquisas realizadas nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, Canadá, América do Sul e na Europa, que demonstraram a existência de significativas quantidades de determinados praguicidas, tais como, DDT, aldrin, dieldrin e BHC, na natureza em geral, como rios, lagos, no solo, nos animais domésticos e silvestres, nos alimentos e finalmente no próprio homem. É preciso ficar bem esclarecido que, de um modo geral, os inseticidas são tóxicos, podendo determinar profundas modificações nas reações básicas e normais do organismo.
A pesca da baleia, uma advertência para o futuro
Authors: Câmara Ibsen de Gusmão
Published: November 2020

Na sua atual acepção, a conservação da natureza é definida como a utilização pelo homem dos elementos da biosfera, sejam eles animais ou plantas, de tal forma que viabilize o maior benefício para as gerações presentes, garantindo, porém, suas potencialidades para satisfazer as necessidades e aspirações daqueles que nos sucederão no planeta. Em síntese, significa a exploração racional e sensata dos recursos naturais, sem destruí-los em proveito da ganância ou de lucros imediatos. Nesse particular, o relato da história da caça às baleias e de suas consequências é um magnífico exemplo do que não deve ser feito, e constitui uma lição para todos aqueles que, detendo alguma parcela de poder decisório, necessitam deliberar sobre o uso das riquezas naturais que recebemos como herança dos antepassados e que temos o dever de transmitir aos nossos descendentes.
Hortus fluminensis
Authors: Rodrigues João Barbosa
Published: November 2020

Convidado pelo governo provisório da República para dirigir o Jardim Botânico desta capital, deixei o lugar que exercia de diretor do Museu Botânico do Amazonas a 25 de abril de 1890, e a 31 de maio do mesmo ano assumi as funções de meu novo cargo. Em pequeno período de tempo, compreendi a soma de responsabilidades que me ia pesar sobre os ombros, pois encontrava um estabelecimento sem arquivo, onde estudasse eu sua história, sem pessoal regular, sem biblioteca (nem um livro sobre botânica) e sem herbário onde buscasse auxílio para o trabalho que hoje empreendo. O grande parque, coberto de esplêndida vegetação, semelhava uma floresta, cujos exemplares, em promiscuidade, não eram indicados por uma placa, uma etiqueta, um simples sinal que os fizesse conhecidos. Tudo muito agradável à vista, mas, cientificamente, em estado deplorável. Isto foi declarado por uma comissão nomeada pelo governo antes da minha posse.
É fundamental que as decisões do Governo sejam fiscalizadas
Authors: Duarte Arédio Teixeira
Published: November 2020

Ao ser instalado o governo da Nova República, dentro dos anseios de mudança, tornou-se necessária a realização de uma reforma administrativa que atenda o Estados e a Nação. E como a determinação do Presidente Jose Sarney e de se fazer, de fato, uma reforma e imprescindível a ação conjunta dos órgãos da administração federal, que posteriormente atingira os Estados, evitando-se assim que está se transforme em apenas mais uma reforma. Esta integração forte entre todos o s envolvidos e fundamental para que tal reforma tenha prosseguimento nos futuros governos, coibindo-se assim que a reforma proposta termine antes que o s resultados apareçam, a exemplo do que aconteceu em g o vernos anteriores. As propostas e programas desta meta devem estar voltados para que a administração pública se já dotada de conceitos que resultem em aumento da produtividade, redução de custos operacionais e agilização de resultados.
AS DIMENSÕES DA OFERTA... - Sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica
Authors: PUERTAS HILTON , NOGUEIRA CARLOS ALBERTO MAYON
Published: November 2020

distribuição de energia teve seu início no último quartil do século passado, podendo ser considerada como um marco a construção, por Thomas Alva Edison, em 1879, da primeira central elétrica para distribuição de energia à cidade de Nova Iorque. No Brasil, o pioneirismo coube à cidade de Campos, que, em 1883, tornousea primeira da América do Sul a receber iluminação pública elétrica. A distribuição elétrica, en tretanto, somente veio a constituir-se em um serviço público relativamente amplo a partir da primeira década do século, inicialmente em São Paulo (1899) e, posteriormente, no Rio (1905).
A socialização do atendimento de energia elétrica no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vasconcelos Renato Torres M. C.
Published: November 2020

Quando o controle acionário da LIGHT - Serviços de Eletricidade S/A., foi adquirido pelo Governo Federal, através da ELETROBRAS, no final do ano de 1978, verificaram os novos administradores da empresa (a maioria engenheiros vindos da ELETROBRAS) que existia, na área de concessão da empresa, quase dois milhões de habitantes (baseados nas informações da época; hoje, sabemos que este número e bem menor, oscilando em torno de, no máximo, 1.200.000) que não eram atendidos diretamente pela rede de distribuição de energia da concessionaria. Eram os moradores das favelas dos loteamentos periféricos (a maioria loteamentos considerados "irregulares” ) e da zona rural da empresa.
A atual estrutura de preços de energia elétrica
Authors: GREINER PETER
Published: November 2020

No momento que corre, falar do preço de um serviço público suscita, em boa parte dos leitores, ideias sobre custos exagerados, ineficiências e outras críticas do gênero. Na verdade, o preço cobrado pela energia elétrica do Brasil é sensivelmente inferior aos preços vigentes na quase totalidade dos outros países, residindo o maior problema no baixo nível de rendimento de uma grande parcela da população, em comparação com os países mais desenvolvidos. É justo dizer que o setor elétrico brasileiro apresenta uma concepção estrutural bastante aceitável, ainda que necessite de algumas reformulações, e que os desajustes por que passa são de natureza passageira e plenamente superáveis, uma vez equacionados os fatores exógenos ao setor que se alinham como principais causas destes problemas. Assim, o tema proposto se reveste de grande atualidade e importância fundamental nesta fase de ajustes inadiáveis. Após um período de reestruturação, a partir da criação da ELETROBRÁS, há 20 anos, marcado por expressivos investimentos, nacionalização das concessionárias de capital estrangeiro, caracterizado, também, pelo uso extensivo de capitais de terceiros, o setor se defronta, no momento, com uma série crise financeira que vem a exigir significativas reformulações.
A CAPACITAÇÃO ECONOMICO-FINANCEIRA... A estrutura tarifária de energia elétrica com base nos custos dos fornecimentos
Authors: CAMOZZATO IZALTINO
Published: November 2020

Durante o ano de 1982 o Ministério das Minas e Energia — MME, através do Departamento Nacional de Aguas e Energia Elétrica — DNAEE, iniciou um processo de alteração da estrutura das tarifas de energia elétrica com a introdução de tarifas horo-sazonais. Estas tarifas serão obrigatórias para uma boa parte dos consumidores do Grupo A (acima de 2,3 kV) a partir de 1987. As tarifas horo-sazonais são resultantes de estudos do "custo dos Fornecimentos" de energia elétrica no Brasil, iniciados em 1977. O presente trabalho apresenta alguns aspectos conceituais sobre custos dos fornecimentos de energia elétrica, descreve como tais custos foram obtidos no Brasil, discute e analisa alguns aspectos importantes das tarifas de referência, resultantes dos custos calculados.
A atualização da administração pública suas implicações
Authors: Silva Sebastião Medeiros da
Published: November 2020

Vivemos um momento extremamente importante da história da Administração Pública brasileira. Pela primeira vez, neste País, tem início uma reforma administrativa sob a égide de um Governo democrático. Nos últimos 20 anos, o centralismo administrativo, aliado a um centralismo político jamais experimentado em nosso País, gerou Um tal quadro de disfunções que acabou levando a um modelo de ad ministração pública perigosamente distanciado da realidade nacional. Atendendo a compromissos assumidos com a Nação, o Governo da Nova República deu início a uma reforma administrativa caracterizada por objetivos que devem reverter completamente este quadro. Restauração da cidadania, democratização, descentralização e desconcentração, revitalização do serviço público e valorização de seu servidor, melhoria dos padrões de desempenho são os princípios norteadores desta reforma.
Fórum debate ética para o Serviço Público
Authors: Pereira Dielai Carvalho
Published: November 2020

O Fórum de Debates sobre as Diretrizes da Reforma da Administração Pública Federal, promovido nos dias 13 e 14 de março, pelo Ministério da Administração, foi um marco importante no processo brasileiro de reorganização institucional, que certamente antecipa o grande debate nacional em torno da Constituição. A tônica predominante nas reflexões foi o novo comportamento do cidadão brasileiro, despertado com o programa de estabilidade econômica do Presidente Sarney. Sob diferentes ângulos e fundamentações ou conceitos, as importantes contribuições trazidas ao debate nacional por Carlos Lessa, Clóvis Ferro Costa, Deputado Irajá Rodrigues, Deputado José Gregori, Ministro Bento Bugarin, Jorge Hori, Piquet Carneiro, Ministro Xavier de Albuquerque, Senador Severo Gomes e pelos demais debatedores somaram-se às propostas da Câmara I, da Comissão Geral da Reforma da Administração Pública Federal, constituída pelo Ministro Aluízio Alves, em outubro de 1985.
A questão do docente no ensino superior federal
Authors: Silva Paulo Vieira da
Published: November 2020

A pesar de quase meio século de tentativas objetivas no sentido de conceitualizar e definir rumos para a institucionalização de uma política de mérito no serviço público, o fato e que até o presente momento muitas questões ainda estão por ser resolvidas. Tal ocorre por um sem-número de razoes que encontram raízes na própria estrutura de nossa sociedade. Entre os pontos que precisam de esforço especial dos estudiosos, ressaltam aqueles que se referem ao mero conceito de carreira no serviço público. A bibliografia especializada em administração de pessoal ou de recursos humanos, trata de maneira aligeirada esse assunto. Por outro lado, a legislação que se refere ao ordenamento jurídico dos servidores públicos não se tem comprometido em encontrar uma definição apresentável do que seja uma carreira. E a leitura atenta tanto de uma coisa como a de outra deixa uma forte impressão de que, em termos conceituais, tem predominado uma visão faiolista que se esgota no mero esforço de definir o que e cargo público e quais as classes ou series de classes em que eles se situam. Avançando um pouco além, procura-se explicar que a divisão de tarefas para cada um deles tem como referencial os níveis de complexidade e de responsabilidade previamente especificados.
Os dois sistemas são bons: tradição comanda
Authors: Silva L.G. Nascimento
Published: November 2020

Dividem-se os regimes políticos das nações entre duas fórmulas de governo: o Parlamentarismo e o Presidencialismo, já que o regime de governo de diretório só se implantou na Suíça, além de suas experiências no Uruguai.O Parlamentarismo nasceu e se desenvolveu, como se sabe, na Europa, onde no século XIII foram adotados os nomes de “Parlement” na França e de “Parliament”na Inglaterra, para designar a princípio a reunião do conselho real (“curia regis”), e, mais tarde, uma permanente corte de justiça que se foi independentizando da autoridade real e passando a constituir um corpo de decisões que foram, cada vez mais, adquirindo vocalização para debate dos problemas de interesse geral, até virem a se converter no verdadeiro centro de decisão dos assuntos nacionais. Assim, o poder, antes enfeixado nas mãos do Rei, o soberano único, passou a ser exercido gradativamente pelo Parlamento com o Rei e, mais tarde, pelo Parlamento apenas, reservado ao Rei um papel meramente simbólico. E os Primeiros-Ministros são, hoje em dia, nos países de governo parlamentar, os reais detentores do Poder Executivo.
Parlamentarismo é mais democrático
Authors: Veiga Pimenta da
Published: November 2020

“Louvo a iniciativa do Ministro da Administração, que promove um debate sobre o sistema de governo, dando mostra de que compreende que qualquer que seja o sistema adotado pela Assembléia Constituinte, especialmente se esse sistema for o parlamentarismo, só terá êxito se a administração pública estiver preparada para cumprir sua missão. Depois de todas as idéias aqui expostas, não poderia ter a pretensão de aditar nenhuma idéia nova. O que desejo, portanto, é apenas trazer algumas conclusões subjetivas, algumas contribuições pessoais, do entendimento que tenho sobre esta questão que foi, sem dúvida, uma das que mais contribuíram para a própria convocação da Assembléia Nacional Constituinte, e que é o tradicional debate brasileiro sobre o parlamentarismo e o presidencialismo.
Tradição Frustrante, Senão Catastrófica
Authors: Abramo Claudio
Published: November 2020

Permito-me uma reflexão, e fazer algumas observações. Em primeiro lugar, acho que há uma tendência, ou houve uma tendência acima de tudo, dos conferencistas e debatedores, de confundir as causas com os efeitos. Isso é um mal brasileiro comum, mas eu vejo também que é um mal que afeta alemães e portugueses. As formas de governo são originárias de necessidades nacionais, políticas e até regionais. A democracia americana não é fruto de uma reflexão política, mas sim de uma necessidade pragmática que aqueles fundadores da Nação americana encontraram. Eles tiveram que resolver tudo de maneira pragmática. E o modelo americano, sobretudo nos EUA, consiste na presença de um Presidente muito forte ao lado de um Congresso muito forte. Isso porque os colonizadores americanos traziam a experiência inglesa de um período absolutista, e não se pode copiar um modelo sem as mesmas origens históricas.
Planos de carreira: o significado do modelo em construção para o serviço público federal
Authors: Jung Guenter , Rodrigues Maria Helena Siqueira , Medeiros Josué Guilherme , Almeida Vanda Marques de
Published: November 2020

A fixação de diretrizes para os Planos de Carreira da Administração Direta, Autarquias e Fundações Públicas é imperativo para o reordenamento, bem como para a racionalização da administração pública federal, que tem como vetor principal a Constituição Federal, somando-a a outros vinculados à demanda dos órgãos e entidades integrantes da administração pública federal direta, bem como dos servidores públicos e da sociedade brasileira usuária dos serviços prestados pelo Estado Brasileiro. A proposta de anteprojeto de lei, divulgada pela Comissão Interministerial encarregada de coordenar todos os trabalhos de sua elaboração, em nível do Poder Executivo, fundamenta-se nos princípios da qualificação profissional, do desempenho, da continuidade da ação administrativa e da eficiência do serviço público.
A estratégia de desenvolvimento: sonho ou fracasso
Authors: X X
Published: November 2020

Resenha do livro "A estratégia de desenvolvimento: sonho e fracasso", de Carlos Lessa, Brasília, FUNCEP, 1988.
Reduction in the in vitro ruminal methane production with the inclusion of Cucurbita foetidissima
Authors: Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo , Murillo-Ortiz Manuel , Reyes-Jáquez Damián , Valencia Roberto , Herrera-Torres Esperanza
Published: November 2020

Objective.This research aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Cucurbita foetidissima (BG) leaves as a partial or total substitution of alfalfa hay (AH) in beef cattle diets on in vitro methane output, gas kinetics and volatile fatty acids production. Materials and Methods.Five experimental treatments were formulated with the inclusion of BG as alfalfa hay (AH) substitute at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in experimental treatments denominated CON (control), BG25, BG50, BG75 and BG100, respectively. Results.Lignin and organic matter decreased with BG inclusion (p<0.05). However, NDF, CT and TPC increased with higher levels of BG (p<0.05). Maximum gas production diminished with BG inclusion (p<0.05); whereas, microbial protein production, specific gas production rate and latency period were not affected (p>0.05). Methane production decreased linearly with BG inclusion (p<0.05). Nevertheless, CO2 production showed no changes with inclusion of graded levels of BG in the experimental treatments (p>0.05). Additionally, acetate and butyrate were not affected by BG inclusion (p>0.05); although, propionate increased linearly among treatments (p<0.05). Furthermore, inclusion of 75% of BG reduced 31% in vitro methane production without changes in CO2 production, suggesting an inhibition of endogenous methanogenesis. Conclusions.These results promote the inclusion of BG leaves as a potential and environmentally friendly forage source for beef cattle feeding.
Efecto del amamantamiento restringido y complementación alimenticia sobre el peso y cortisol en becerros Simbrah
Authors: Severino-Lendechy Víctor H. , Montiel-Palacios Felipe , Gómez-de-Lucio Hiram , Peralta-Torres Jorge A. , Segura-Correa José ´Candelario
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto del amamantamiento restringido, destete precoz y complementación alimenticia sobre las ganancias de peso y concentración plasmática de cortisol en becerros Simbrah. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 120 becerros lactantes de 15 días de edad, distribuidos en dos tratamientos: T1) becerros con amamantamiento restringido, destete precoz y complementación alimenticia (n=30 machos/n=30 hembras) y T2) becerros con amamantamiento continuo sin complementación alimenticia (n=30 machos/n=30 hembras). Los becerros se pesaron al inicio del experimento, y cada 15 días para evaluar los cambios en peso corporal del destete hasta los 10 meses de edad. Los muestreos sanguíneos se realizaron al inicio del estudio y durante 10 días, entre las 7:30 y 8:30 am. Las variables de respuesta se evaluaron usando modelos lineales generales. Resultados. El peso (310.1 y 268.5 kg) y ganancia de peso postdestete (0.980 kg/día y 0.800 kg/día) fue mejor en el tratamiento T1 que, para los becerros en T2 (168.3 y 159.6 kg/día; y -0.500 y -0.480 kg/día) para machos y hembras, respectivamente. La concentración de cortisol (ng/mL) fue mayor en T1 comparado con T2 del día 0 al día 3 (p<0.05), pero el día 4 no se encontró diferencia. El T1 permitió el destete a los 3.5 meses de vida de los becerros e incrementó la ganancia de peso posdestete. Conclusiones. El peso vivo y ganancia de peso posdestete fue mejor en los animales del tratamiento T1; sin embargo, los niveles de cortisol plasmáticos se incrementaron al inicio del estudio para disminuir posteriormente.
Mobile Health Strategies to Tackle Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases With Recommendations From Innovative Experiences: Systematic Review
Authors: Carrion Carme , Robles Noemí , Sola-Morales Oriol , Aymerich Marta , Ruiz Postigo Jose Antonio
Published: November 2020

Background

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a diverse group of 20 communicable diseases that occur in tropical and subtropical areas in 149 countries, affecting over 1 billion people and costing developing economies billions of dollars every year. Within these diseases, those that present lesions on the skin surface are classified as skin NTDs (sNTDs). Mobile health interventions are currently being used worldwide to manage skin diseases and can be a good strategy in the epidemiological and clinical management of sNTDs.

Objective

We aimed to analyze existing evidence about mobile health interventions to control and manage sNTDs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and make recommendations for what should be considered in future interventions.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases over 10 years up to April 30, 2020. All types of clinical studies were considered. Data were synthesized into evidence tables. Apps were selected through a comprehensive systematic search in the Google Play Store and Apple App Store conducted between March 20 and April 15, 2020.

Results

From 133 potentially relevant publications, 13 studies met our criteria (9.8%). These analyzed eight different interventions (three SMS text messaging interventions and five app interventions). Six of the 13 (46%) studies were community-based cross-sectional studies intended to epidemiologically map a specific disease, mainly lymphatic filariasis, but also cutaneous leishmaniasis, leprosy, and NTDs, as well as sNTDs in general. Most of the studies were considered to have a high (5/13, 39%) or moderate (4/13, 31%) risk of bias. Fifteen apps were identified in the Google Play Store, of which three were also in the Apple App Store. Most of the apps (11/15, 73%) were targeted at health care professionals, with only four targeted at patients. The apps focused on scabies (3/15, 20%), lymphatic filariasis (3/15, 20%), cutaneous leishmaniasis (1/15, 7%), leprosy (1/15, 7%), yaws and Buruli ulcer (1/15, 7%), tropical diseases including more than one sNTDs (3/15, 20%), and NTDs including sNTDs (2/15, 13%). Only 1 (7%) app focused on the clinical management of sNTDs.

Conclusions

All mobile health interventions that were identified face technological, legal, final user, and organizational issues. There was a remarkable heterogeneity among studies, and the majority had methodological limitations that leave considerable room for improvement. Based on existing evidence, eight recommendations have been made for future interventions.
Extracting Family History of Patients From Clinical Narratives: Exploring an End-to-End Solution With Deep Learning Models
Authors: Yang Xi , Zhang Hansi , He Xing , Bian Jiang , Wu Yonghui
Published: November 2020

Background

Patients’ family history (FH) is a critical risk factor associated with numerous diseases. However, FH information is not well captured in the structured database but often documented in clinical narratives. Natural language processing (NLP) is the key technology to extract patients’ FH from clinical narratives. In 2019, the National NLP Clinical Challenge (n2c2) organized shared tasks to solicit NLP methods for FH information extraction.

Objective

This study presents our end-to-end FH extraction system developed during the 2019 n2c2 open shared task as well as the new transformer-based models that we developed after the challenge. We seek to develop a machine learning–based solution for FH information extraction without task-specific rules created by hand.

Methods

We developed deep learning–based systems for FH concept extraction and relation identification. We explored deep learning models including long short-term memory-conditional random fields and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) as well as developed ensemble models using a majority voting strategy. To further optimize performance, we systematically compared 3 different strategies to use BERT output representations for relation identification.

Results

Our system was among the top-ranked systems (3 out of 21) in the challenge. Our best system achieved micro-averaged F1 scores of 0.7944 and 0.6544 for concept extraction and relation identification, respectively. After challenge, we further explored new transformer-based models and improved the performances of both subtasks to 0.8249 and 0.6775, respectively. For relation identification, our system achieved a performance comparable to the best system (0.6810) reported in the challenge.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing deep learning methods to extract FH information from clinical narratives.
Understanding Teens’ Perceptions and Aspirations towards Relationship with Personal Technology: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jee Muhammad , Khan Alsa
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Understanding teens' relationship with technology is a pressing topic in this digital era. There seem to be both benefit and harmful implications that originate from use of technology by teens. Approximately 95% of teenagers have access to a smartphone, and several studies show a positive correlation between screen addiction and trends of Anxiety and Depression. While, at the same time, research shows that two-thirds of teenagers believe that technology is a necessity for connecting and making new friends.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this research is to understand teens’ perceptions of their own and others’ relationship with personal technology and what future relationships do teens aspire to have with their technology. This will be fundamental in helping designers, healthcare practitioners and youth counselors inform design in technology accordingly.

METHODS

This research paper explores teens and technology relationship via three lenses. Lens-1 is teens' perception of their current relationship with their personal technology as users. Lens-2 is teens' perception of others' (parents, siblings or friends) relationship with personal technology as bystanders. Lens-3 is teens’ aspiration of how they wish to relate to their personal technology. We conducted an online survey with 619 teens in the 13-19 years age range.

RESULTS

We found that teens selected 'Essential,' 'Distractive,' and 'Addictive' most commonly to describe their own and others' relationship with personal technology. Whereas teens selected 'Provides an escape' more to describe their own relationship with technology. In contrast, they selected 'It's just a tool' and 'Creates Barrier' more to describe others' relationship with technology. These trends are consistent across ages and genders. Additionally, we found that 13-15 year-olds, particularly the majority of females in this age range, wish to see their future technology as their 'best friend.' However, 16-17 year-olds’ top choice was 'I don't believe in personal connection with mobile technology,’ and 18-19 year-olds’ top choice was 'My personal assistant.’

CONCLUSIONS

Our three lenses approach is holistic as it allowed comparison of how teens perceive their relationship with personal technology as users vs. bystanders and from current vs. aspirational perspectives. This research not just confirms what is already known, but uncovers critical new associations more exclusive to teens' own relationship with technology. This paper presents related design implications to inform personal tech design thinking, including our guideline to shift 'user experience design' process to 'user relationship design.'
Digging for the truth: the case for active annotation in evaluating the credibility of online medical information (Preprint)
Authors: Nabożny Aleksandra , Balcerzak Bartłomiej , Wierzbicki Adam , Morzy Mikołaj
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

With the rapidly accelerating spread of dissemination of false medical information on the Web, the task of establishing the credibility of online sources of medical information becomes a pressing necessity. The sheer number of websites offering questionable medical information presented as reliable and actionable suggestions with possibly harmful effects poses an additional requirement for potential solutions, as they have to scale to the size of the problem. Machine learning is one such solution which, when properly deployed, can be an effective tool in fighting medical disinformation on the Web.

OBJECTIVE

We present a comprehensive framework for designing and curating of machine learning training datasets for online medical information credibility assessment. We show how the annotation process should be constructed and what pitfalls should be avoided. Our main objective is to provide researchers from medical and computer science communities with guidelines on how to construct datasets for machine learning models for various areas of medical information wars.

METHODS

The key component of our approach is the active annotation process. We begin by outlining the annotation protocol for the curation of high-quality training dataset, which then can be augmented and rapidly extended by employing the human-in-the-loop paradigm to machine learning training. To circumvent the cold start problem of insufficient gold standard annotations, we propose a pre-processing pipeline consisting of representation learning, clustering, and re-ranking of sentences for the acceleration of the training process and the optimization of human resources involved in the annotation.

RESULTS

We collect over 10 000 annotations of sentences related to selected subjects (psychiatry, cholesterol, autism, antibiotics, vaccines, steroids, birth methods, food allergy testing) for less than $7
000 employing 9 highly qualified annotators (certified medical professionals) and we release this dataset to the general public. We develop an active annotation framework for more efficient annotation of non-credible medical statements. The results of the qualitative analysis support our claims of the efficacy of the presented method.

CONCLUSIONS

A set of very diverse incentives is driving the widespread dissemination of medical disinformation on the Web. An effective strategy of countering this spread is to use machine learning for automatically establishing the credibility of online medical information. This, however, requires a thoughtful design of the training pipeline. In this paper we present a comprehensive framework of active annotation. In addition, we publish a large curated dataset of medical statements labelled as credible, non-credible, or neutral.
Report on Hotel Revenue and IHG’s Improvement Plan during COVID-19
Authors: Zhao Yilin
Published: November 2020

This report examines the impact of COVID-19 on hotel industries and their management adaptations through the example of an IHG brand hotel. By presenting and analyzing the hotel’s data of 2020, a trend of noticeable decrease in booking and room revenue can be found. This report also illustrates the hotel’s service improvement program, which is used to counter such decrease in its revenues.
Cultivating values: Knower-building in the humanities
Authors: Doran Y. J.
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo explora la construcción del conocimiento en las humanidades desde la perspectiva de la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional y desde el marco sociológico de la teoría de los códigos de legitimación. Mediante el estudio de un texto clave del campo de la etnopoética, se muestra cómo una disciplina construye formas especializadas de ver el mundo mediante el desarrollo de sistemas de valores poco comunes. Se analizó cómo este texto construye redes matizadas de significado o constelaciones axiológicas, que posicionan una gama de significados como relevantes dentro de un espectro de fenómenos en constante ampliación. Esto se consigue a través de un conciso conjunto de estrategias retóricas recurrentes en el texto: el posicionamiento de significados desde una perspectiva particular; la oposición entre dichos significados con otros; la equiparación entre significados que parecen disímiles; la impregnación de valores, y la acumulación de ejemplos que ilustran el alcance amplio de la visión del mundo en el texto. Estas estrategias sugieren que, para una lingüística que apunta a contribuir con programas educativos, cómo aprenden los estudiantes estas maneras de conocer es una pregunta crucial.
The current outlook of human papillomavirus and its association with digestive tract cancer
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Almonacid Urrego Isabel Cristina , Almonacid Urrego Carmen Cecilia ,   Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Colombia, Rosas Arango Sonia Marcela ,   Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Colombia, Hernández Rojas Edith del Carmen ,   Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Colombia, González Devia Johanna Lizeth ,   Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Colombia
Published: November 2020

Digestive tract cancers are frequent worldwide, despite efforts to control known predisposing factors, they keep increasing, this fact suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) may play an important oncogenic role in these pathologies. In order to argue the incidence that HPV has in the genesis of gastrointestinal tract tumors and to determine if it is a possible causal agent, the scientific literature published to date on the subject was reviewed, and was found that 4.5% of all diagnosed cancers correspond to HPV; 12% are extra cervical, 20% esophagus, 31.9% colon adenomas, 43% colorectal adenocarcinoma, and 35% head and neck neoplasms (HNSCC). The types of HPV reported in the digestive tract are 6, 9, 11, 13, 16.18, 20, 24, 25, 30, 33, 51, 54, 57, DL 416, DL 428 and DL 436. Although, the studies show the HPV impact in the oncogenesis and its role as a prognostic marker in some of them, they do not have hard evidence that reveals this relationship, therefore demonstrating its integration would allow clarifying it.
Factors that shape the elevational patterns of plant diversity in the Yatsugatake Mountains, Japan
Authors: Oishi Yoshitaka
Published: November 2020

Elevation is involved in determining plant diversity in montane
ecosystems. This study examined whether the species distribution of
plants in the Yatsugatake Mountains, central Japan, substantiated
hypotheses associated with an elevational diversity gradient. Species
richness of trees, shrubs, herbs, ferns, and bryophytes was investigated
in study plots established at 200-m elevational intervals from 1800 to
2800 m. The changes in plant diversity (alpha and beta diversities,
plant functional types, and elevational ranges) with elevation were
analyzed in relation to climatic factors and elevational diversity
gradient hypotheses, that is, mass effect, mid-domain effect, and
Rapoport’s elevational rule. A comparison of alpha and beta diversities
revealed that different plant groups respond variably to elevation; the
alpha diversity of trees and ferns decreased, that of herbs increased,
whereas the alpha diversity of shrubs and bryophytes showed a U-shaped
relationship and a hump-shaped pattern. The beta diversity of shrubs,
herbs, and bryophytes increased above the subalpine–alpine transition
ecotone. In accordance with these changes, the dominance of evergreen
shrubs and graminoids increased above this ecotone, whereas that of
evergreen trees and liverworts decreased. None of the plant groups
showed a wide elevational range at higher elevations. These elevational
patterns of plant groups were explained by climatic factors, and not by
elevational diversity gradient hypotheses. These patterns were further
influenced by plant–plant interactions via competition for light
availability and physical habitat alternation.
The role of the geologic substrate on Tillandsia recurvata infestation and the development of forest decaying on a semiarid oak forest
Authors: Rodríguez-Robles Ulises , Arredondo J. Tulio
Published: November 2020

The Geodiversity involves substrate characteristics such as degree of
fractured rock, fracture depth, soil depth, parental rock, soil texture,
etc., that affect the hidrology of substrates and subsequently the
availability of water for plants. Here we examined the importance of the
geological substrate, as a factor that triggers the incidence of forest
decline. We demonstrated that characteristics of the geological
substrate related to the limitation of water availability enhances
Tillandsia recurvata (Tire) infestation and eventually causes loss of
vigor in oak trees. Using electrical resistivity tomography (geophysical
methods) and stable isotope techniques (δ18O / δ16O), we showed that
substrates dominated by regolith and rocks imposed greater conditions of
drought to an oak forest stand than a substrate with a more granulated
material. Trees in this forest stand presented greater densities of
Tire, a plant considered as epiphyte. However, under the observed
conditions of high infestation, Tire apparently exhibited a change from
epiphytic to parasitic plant as it acquired water from oak. This study
identified that the structural composition of the substrate (i.e.
geodiversity) is a factor accelerating the processes of decay and likely
forest mortality related to the effects of drought and the infestation
by pests and diseases.
The Polity of Regional Integration Development and the Challenges Hampering Southern Africa Economic Growth
Authors: Enaifoghe Andrew , Mkhwanazi Sandile Blessing
Published: November 2020

This paper explored the polity of regional integration development and the challenges hampering the southern Africa economic growth. The study finds that the design and structure of the African regional development within the integration schemes is around inward-looking industrialization that is intended to facilitate economic costs of participation for member states. This often remains unevenly distributed among member states. Most countries in Africa linger highly reliant on agriculture and yet suffer from high levels of unemployment and food insecurity in the continent. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the “African regional integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) sub-regional schemes to be most focused on developing whatsoever synergies that may exist to promote both socio-economic development and regional security across borders, which may hamper the policy implementation through good governance and ethical valued approach. Qualitatively, this paper collected data and analysis them based on content, using secondary sources from different domains, including Google scholars, Scorpius repositories.
Determinants of Bancassurance Adoption in Emerging Economies: Qualitative Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Mpaata Eva , Mindra Rachel , Oula Denis Ignatius
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to establish the determinants of bancassurance adoption in emerging economies. The research adopted a qualitative approach based on interviews as a main form of data collection. The study pursued an inductive approach in order to generalize the results. In the analysis process, NVIVO software was used to analyze in detail the different qualitative responses obtained from the data collection phase. The research concentrated primarily on urban Kampala, which is endowed with the majority of commercial banks. This study provides a good insight into the factors (both internal and external) banks consider essential while providing the bancassurance service. As a result other prospect banks can be guided by these factors in their need to provide the bancassurance service. The research explores the supply side of the determinants banks focus on while providing bancassurance. This is new as the majority of studies take a look at the banks’ demand-side perspective. In addition, the challenges faced by banks in offering bancassurance while providing alternatives to prospective banks are being included in the adaptation of bancassurance. The research is purely qualitative as opposed to most previous findings, which are either solely quantitative or partly quantitative and partly qualitative with respect to the determinants of the adoption of bancassurance. Specifically, the focus on bancassurance research in Uganda is also new and original, since bancassurance is new in Uganda.
Challenges, standards and prospects in the therapy of orthodontic traction of impacted maxillary canine: A surgical phase
Authors: Selakovic Jovana , Mirkovic Sinisa , Drobac Milan , Petrovic Djordje , Vucinic Predrag , Ivic Stojan
Published: November 2020

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Medical care of patients in the emergency department of the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade during the epidemic of COVID-19
Authors: Jovanovic Milan , Vukosavljevic Miroslav , Dincic Dragan , Ratkovic Nenad , Perisic Nenad , Ilic Radoje , Lepic Toplica , Suljagic Vesna , Jadranin Zeljko , Lazic Srdjan , Rancic Nemanja
Published: November 2020

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Diagnosis of the reading and interpretation of statistical graphs by undergraduate students from economic-administrative sciences programs at the University of Guadalajara
Authors: Sandoval Salvador , DelMas Robert , Celso-Arellano Pedro , Gualajara Victor , Coronado Semei
Published: November 2020

Recently, statistical reasoning has been of vital importance not only in quantitative analysis but also in the interpretation of graphs at all educational levels. There are students that can make calculations almost immediately but are not able to interpret or present their ideas graphically. In this way, the present study seeks to conduct a diagnostic of the problems that economic-administrative students have when reading and interpreting graphs in their statistics courses. For this, a Spanish version of the test Comprehensive Assessment of Outcomes in Statistics (CAOS) was administered. This instrument allows for the determination of reasoning applied to different types of statistical graphs and in some cases to determine what type of calculation is required to do it. The instrument was applied to 138 undergraduate students from the economic-administrative area of the University of Guadalajara during January-June 2018. The results show that a large percentage of students confuse a normal distribution with a uniform one and that they are unable to distinguish that a bias can be determined from the measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as other statistical reasoning difficulties. This may be as a result of a deficiency that exists in statistical teaching, an insufficient mathematical preparation on the part of the students, among other factors.
Resiliensi Ayah dalam Pendidikan Anak
Authors: Nadia Naniek , Siswono Eko , Purwandari Dian Alfia
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan resiliensi ayah dalam mendidik anak-anak dengan kondisi istri bekerja di luar negeri sebagai Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW). Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ayah beradaptasi dengan kondisi yang baru saja dialaminya semasa hidup yaitu mengurus rumah tangga dan mendidik anak. Untuk menyesuaikan dirinya, ayah mengalami 4 tahapan resiliensi yang berkaitan, guna membentuk kembali kehidupan lamanya yang diaplikasikan ke dalam kehidupan barunya saat ini, adapun 4 tahapan tersebut ialah: 1) Mengalah untuk tujuan yang lebih baik, 2) Bertahan menjalani hidup, 3) Pemulihan, mencoba untuk bangkit kembali, dan 4) Berkembang, dimana ayah terbiasa dengan kondisi yang ia jalani saat ini. Lingkungan budaya di desa yang pada umumnya istri banyak bekerja sebagai TKW di luar negeri maka si ayah dapat beradaptasi dengan baik.
Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Dalam Keluarga Petani yang Memiliki Anak Putus Sekolah Tingkat SLTP di Jorong IV Rotan Getah
Authors: Anpersya Ferdinand Okta , Wirdanengsih Wirdanengsih
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh masalah anak putus sekolah tingkat SLTP. Untuk mencegah tingginya angka anak putus sekolah tingkat SLTP perlu adanya peranan dari orang tua untuk menanamkan tentang pentingnya pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Apa nilai–nilai yang diinternalisasikan dalam keluarga petani yang memiliki anak putus sekolah tingkat SLTP di Jorong IV Rotan Getah Nagari Muaro Sei Lolo Kecamatan Mapat Tunggul Selatan Kabupaten Pasaman. Teori yang digunakan adalah Teori Rasional Petani Samuel L Popkin. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif tipe studi kasus. Teknik pemilihan informan dalam penelitian adalah purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak putus sekolah disebabkan kurangnya kesadaran orang tua terhadap pendidikan anak, karena tidak sesuai tempat anak bersekolah yang bukan keinginan mereka melainkan hanya keinginan orang tuanya saja, akhirnya anak putus sekolah dan orang tua lebih memilih anaknya untuk bekerja saja di kebun dari sekarang dari pada habiskan waktu sama uang kalau anaknya bersekolah.
Pengembangan Video Sebagai Media Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Analisis Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Sosiologi Kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Payakumbuh
Authors: Amsar Sriyani , Sylvia Ike , Putera AB Sarca
Published: November 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan bertujuaan membuat dan mengembangkan media berbasis audio visual mengenai materi integrasi sosial yang layak digunakan dari segi validitas, praktikalitas dan efektifitas. Pengembangan media audio visual yang dikembangkan bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analisis pada mata pelajaran sosiologi kelas XI. Media pembelajaran berbasis video dirasa cukup efektif digunakan, karena memiliki pengaruh yang terhadap daya tarik siswa untuk mempelajari kompetensi yang diajarkan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Reserch and Development (R&D). Model yang digunakan adalah model pengembangan ADDIE milik Dick and Carry. Uji coba produk dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Payakumbuh dengan jumlah 33 peserta didik. Kelayakan produk ini dari segi validitas telah diuji oleh dua orang ahli media dan 1 orang ahli materi. Terakhir untuk menguji keefektifan media didapatkan dari perbandingan t-hitung > t-tabel yang artinya media pembelajaran berbasis video layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan kemampuan analisis peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Sosiologi.
The Governance Waqf in Malaysia: A Study on The Relationship towards Siyāsah Shar’iyyah
Authors: Mohamad Mohd Ridzuan
Published: November 2020

The governance of waqf is an important aspect and it as an image of the Council of Islamic Religious State (MAIN). Policy of legislation determines that MAIN is the body that responsible for managing, administering and developing all waqf lands. Some scholars have opined that the administration of waqf should be practiced based on Siyāsah Shar’iyyah. But now, the approach has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to examine and explore the relationship between governance of waqf and Siyāsah Shar’iyyah. This study was conducted through qualitative research. Document exploration is used for analyzing turath book that involved the discussion on Siyāsah Shar’iyyah. It is analyzed by inductive, deductive and comparative methods. The finding of the study found that the Siyāsah Shar’iyyah relationship is important to the governance of waqf. Values of Siyāsah Shar’iyyah is significant when implementing at the governance, finance and legalization of waqf. The values of the Siyāsah Shar’iyyah also are in three main categories i.e first Dustūriyyah, second Dawliyyah and third Māliyyah.
Oblicza polskiego liberalizmu: formowanie się krakowskiego środowiska chrześcijańskich liberałów
Authors: Bródka Szymon
Published: November 2020

Faces of liberalism: formation of a Christian liberal community in Krakow: The aim of the essay is to show the birth of the Kraków liberal community in the years 1977–1980. An attempt is made to reconstruct the main ideological assumptions of the liberal entourage in the context of the opposition activities of Robert Kaczmarek and Mirosław Dzielski. The author refers to the main events occurring in this period, such as the establishment of the Prywatna Inicjatywa Krakowska (Private Cracow Initiative) and the magazine Merkuryusz Krakowski i Światowy, as well as paying special attention to the program texts that were published in it. The article also contains a reconstruction of the debate aimed at classifying the views presented by Mirosław Dzielski.