bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of a Naked Ag7 Cluster: Configurations and Spectral Characteristics.
Authors: Xu Shuhong , Wang Zhaochong , Wang Chunlei , Wang Zhuyuan , Cui Yiping
Published: June 2015

DFT calculations show that the most stable Ag7 cluster is a pentagonal bipyramid, whereas synthesized Ag7 clusters are planar due to interactions with ligands as revealed by Raman and UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C for Use as the Cathode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride as the Source of Carbon.
Authors: Li Lingfang , Fan Changling , Zhang Xiang , Zeng Taotao , Zhang Weihua , Han Shaochang
Published: June 2015

The cathode material of title is prepared by a hybrid sol—gel method from an aqueous 1:3:1.5:3:0.1 mixture of V2O5, Li2CO3, NH4H2PO4, H2C2O4, and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide using polyvinylidene fluoride as the carbon source (sintering at 700 °C for 10 h under Ar).
ChemInform Abstract: The High‐Pressure Cadmium Borate Cd6B22O39·H2O.
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Ciaghi Nina , Wurst Klaus , Huppertz Hubert
Published: June 2015

Colorless crystals of the new title compound are synthesized from a 1:2 molar mixture of CdO and partially hydrolyzed B2O3 using a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus (Pt capsule, 4.7 GPa, 1000 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable Palladium(0) Phosphine Sulfide Catalysts for Ullmann‐Type C—N and C—O Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Majumder Arpi , Gupta Ragini , Mandal Mrinmay , Babu Madhu , Chakraborty Debashis
Published: June 2015

Phenyl bromide as reaction partner in amination and etherification gives similar (amination) or lower (etherification) yields at longer reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Thiols to Allenes: Synthesis of Branched Allylic Thioethers and Sulfones.
Authors: Pritzius Adrian B. , Breit Bernhard
Published: June 2015

A new highly regio‐ and enantioselective hydrothiolation of terminal allenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Aminodialkenes and Aminodialkynes Through Enantioselective Hydroamination.
Authors: Manna Kuntal , Eedugurala Naresh , Sadow Aaron D.
Published: June 2015

In this zirconium‐catalyzed hydroamination, stereocenters resulting from C—N bond formation and desymmetrization of a prochiral quaternary center are independently controlled by the catalyst and reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Ligand‐Free Suzuki Reaction in Water Using Aryl Fluorosulfates.
Authors: Liang Qiaobin , Xing Ping , Huang Zuogang , Dong Jiajia , Sharpless K. Barry , Li Xiaoxian , Jiang Biao
Published: June 2015

Easily prepared aryl fluorosulfates are used as coupling partners in the Suzuki—Miyaura reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—N Bond Cleavage, 1,4‐Migration, sp3 C—H Activation, and Heck Reaction: Four Controllable Diverse Pathways Depending on the Judicious Choice of the Base and Ligand.
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Xiang , Zhuang Yu‐Xuan , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: June 2015

Vinylacetamide derivatives having a N‐(o‐bromoaryl)methyl or N‐bromoallyl substituent are investigated in intramolecular Pd‐catalyzed reactions providing four different types of products.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Reactions of Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents Functionalized at the 3‐Position.
Authors: Moriya Kohei , Didier Dorian , Simon Meike , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Berionni Guillaume , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Zipse Hendrik , Mayr Herbert , Knochel Paul
Published: June 2015

It is demonstrated that 3‐Tbs‐oxy‐substituted alkyllithium compounds can be generated in a stereoconvergent manner from the corresponding iodo‐compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Allylation of α‐Amido Sulfones to Form Protected Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Caputo Jill A. , Naodovic Marina , Weix Daniel J.
Published: June 2015

N‐Boc‐ or N‐Cbz‐protected α‐amino sulfones are allylated with allyl acetate derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Route to Tetraalkylammonium Perfluoroalkoxides from Hydrofluoroethers.
Authors: Jelier Benson J. , Howell Jon L. , Montgomery Craig D. , Leznoff Daniel B. , Friesen Chadron M.
Published: June 2015

Perfluoroalkyl methyl ether acts as methylating reagent on tertiary aliphatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Ultrasound Simultaneous Irradiation: A Hybrid Technology Applied to Ring Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Sacco M. , Charnay C. , De Angelis F. , Radoiu M. , Lamaty F. , Martinez J. , Colacino E.
Published: June 2015

A new hybrid microwave‐ and ultrasound‐assisted reactor is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Formyl Alkynylation of Benzaldehydes under Chelation‐Assistance.
Authors: Wang He , Xie Fang , Qi Zisong , Li Xingwei
Published: June 2015

A mild and efficient synthesis of ynones using Ir(III) or Rh(III) catalysis is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐(N‐Sulfonyl)amino Amides from a Carbamoylsilane and N‐Sulfonylimine.
Authors: Tong Wenting , Liu Hui , Chen Jianxin
Published: June 2015

The addition of carbamoylsilane to N‐sulfonylimines offers a general and efficient route to the title compounds (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Porphyrin‐Inspired Iron Catalyst for Asymmetric Epoxidation of Electron‐Deficient Olefins.
Authors: Dai Wen , Li Guosong , Chen Bo , Wang Lianyue , Gao Shuang
Published: June 2015

The title asymmetric epoxidation of di‐ and trisubstituted enones provides highly enantioenriched α,β—epoxyketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: A Green and Recyclable Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Diindolyloxindole Derivatives in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Nasseri Mohammad Ali , Ahrari Faezeh , Zakerinasab Batol
Published: June 2015

An efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds under mild reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Intermolecular Annulation with Terminal Alkynes: From Indoles to Carbazoles.
Authors: Jia Jinlong , Shi Jingjing , Zhou Jie , Liu Xuelei , Song Yanling , Xu H. Eric , Yi Wei
Published: June 2015

A series of N‐2‐pyrimidyl protected carbazoles (III) and (X) is readily prepared by a Rh‐catalyzed annulation of indoles (I) with terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)—Bisphosphine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric, Intermolecular Hydroheteroarylation of α‐Substituted Acrylate Derivatives.
Authors: Filloux Claire M. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: June 2015

The development of an asymmetric, intermolecular hydroheteroarylation reaction of α‐substituted acrylates with benzoxazoles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Construction of 2‐Alkylbenzo‐1,3‐azoles via C—H Activation of Alkanes for C—C and C—X (X: O, S) Bond Formation.
Authors: Yadav Arvind K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: June 2015

C‐2 alkylated benzo‐1,3‐thiazoles and ‐oxazoles are obtained by reaction of aryl isothiocyanates/isocyanates with simple alkanes in a catalytic, efficient, and cost‐effective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Highly Efficient Routes to 2H‐Chromene and 4‐Chromanone Derivatives: Iodine‐Promoted and p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations of Propynols.
Authors: Liang Yong‐Min , et al.
Published: June 2015

Either conditions A) or B) can be used for all starting propynols to afford the desired benzopyran structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Vinylic C—H Activation: A Direct Route Toward Pyridinium Salts.
Authors: Luo Ching‐Zong , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Wu Yun‐Ching , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: June 2015

Highly substituted pyridinium salts are synthesized via a multicomponent reaction of vinyl ketones/aldehydes, amines, and alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of New Hybrid Template by Linking Quinoline, Triazole and Dihydroquinoline Pharmacophoric Groups: A Greener Approach to Novel Polyazaheterocycles as Cytotoxic Agents.
Authors: Praveena Koduru Sri Shanthi , Shivaji Ramarao Edupuganti Veera Venkat , Murthy Nandula Yadagiri Sreenivasa , Akkenapally Surekha , Ganesh Kumar C. , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Pal Sarbani
Published: June 2015

A variety of new polyazaheterocycles (III) are synthesized via Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolinones via a One‐Pot Aza‐Henry—Hemiaminalization—Oxidation Sequence.
Authors: Hahn Robert , Jafari Ehsan , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: June 2015

The products are obtained as single diastereomers with moderate to high enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Rearrangement Pathways in the Geminal Acylation of 2‐Methoxyoxazolidines Leading to Substituted 1,4‐Oxazines.
Authors: Moulins Jonathan R. , Hughes Jeremy A. , Doyle Lauren E. , Cameron T. Stanley , Burnell D. Jean
Published: June 2015

Lewis acid‐mediated geminal acylation of 2‐methoxyoxazolidines with five‐ or six‐membered acyloins followed by heterocyclization affords 1,4‐oxazines fused to cyclopentenone or cyclohexenone rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Nucleophilic Borylation of Aldehydes: An Efficient Route to Enantiomerically Enriched α‐Alkoxyorganoboronate Esters.
Authors: Kubota Koji , Yamamoto Eiji , Ito Hajime
Published: June 2015

Using a copper(I)/DTBM‐SEGPHOS complex catalyst and MeOH as a proton source, the enantioselective nucleophilic borylation of aldehydes is achieved for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Silylation of Aryl C—H Bonds.
Authors: Cheng Chen , Hartwig John F.
Published: June 2015

The catalyst system under conditions A) is found to be optimal for the silylation of arenes, various hetarenes, and a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical agents such as the antidepressants mirtazapine (XX) and bupropion (XXII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydro‐2‐oxo‐4‐quinolinyl Phosphates from 2‐Acyl‐benzoic Acids.
Authors: He Xinhua , Aglio Tharcilla , Deschamps Jeffrey R. , Rai Rachita , Xue Fengtian
Published: June 2015

A practical method to synthesize the title compounds starting from readily available starting materials is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Cyclization of o‐Alkynylbenzamides Promoted by Iron(III) Chloride and Diorganyl Dichalcogenides: Synthesis of 4‐Organochalcogenyl‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐imines.
Authors: Neto Jose S. S. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: June 2015

A facile protocol for the reaction of o‐alkynylbenzamides with diorganyl dichalcogenides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapor Deposition of Group‐VIB Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers: Engineered Substrates from Amorphous to Single Crystalline
Authors: Ji Qingqing , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Zhongfan
Published: June 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical and Chemical Tuning of Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Haotian , Yuan Hongtao , Sae Hong Seung , Li Yanbin , Cui Yi
Published: June 2015

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Engineering of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Voiry Damien , Mohite Aditya , Chhowalla Manish
Published: June 2015

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress on All Ends for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Through Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Pena‐Lopez Miguel , Rosas‐Hernandez Alonso , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2015

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Secondary and Tertiary Phosphine Oxides to Phosphines
Authors: Herault Damien , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Nuel Didier , Buono Gerard
Published: June 2015

Review: [77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheet‐Based Composites
Authors: Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Hua
Published: June 2015

Review: 137 refs.
2,2′‐Bis‐substituted Biphenyls by the Addition of Nucleophiles to Benzyne Followed by In Situ Oxidative Homocoupling
Authors: Sibbel Friederike , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: June 2015

The paper describes the addition of Mg‐anilides and ‐thiolates to in situ generated benzyne with subsequent oxidative homocoupling of the adducts to give 2,2′‐bis‐substituted biphenyls in a one‐pot process. Oxidative C–C bond formation was best achieved with a Cu catalyst using O2 as oxidant. The sequence comprises two C–X and one C–C bond formation and the products were obtained in moderate yields. Some of the 2,2′‐bis‐substituted biphenyls have been characterized by X‐ray analysis.
Development and characterization of a new adsorbent for biomolecule separation: intercalation and adsorption of clavulanic acid in layered double hydroxides
Authors: Forte Marcus Bruno Soares , Taviot‐Guého Christine , Leroux Fabrice , Rodrigues Maria Isabel , Maugeri Filho Francisco
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

A new layered double hydroxide (LDH) material has been developed through a pioneering approach, with the goal of being an alternative adsorbent for the separation of biomolecules, such as clavulanic acid (CA).

RESULTS

Zn2Cr‐CA hybrid LDH assemblies were prepared through a coprecipitation method to evaluate the affinity between the CA molecule and the interlayer sites. The resulting inorganic–organic ‘sandwich’ structure was characterized by a combination of techniques showing an expansion of the layered structure from 0.78 nm up to values of 2.30 nm upon CA intercalation. Isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity of LDH towards CA. The Freundlich adsorption model was found to fit the experimental data well, indicating a relatively large adsorption capacity for the adsorbent Zn2Cr‐NO3, as high as 73.63, 128.76, and 229.62 mg1‐nFLnFg−1 at 20, 30, and 35 °C, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Zn2Cr‐NO3 adsorption capacity was not influenced by the presence of amino acids, thus underlining that it is a LDH composition which may be a suitable alternative for the separation of CA. LDH micro‐particles were additionally encapsulated with calcium alginate gel (LDHME) and characterized for particle average diameter (dp = 171 µm), bulk density (ρbulk = 0.63 g cm−3), particle density (ρp = 2.2 g cm−3), particle porosity (ϵp = 0.71) and bed porosity (ϵB = 0.40). The application of LDHME in the separation of CA from complex mixtures, containing tyrosine and proline, was considered satisfactory based on purification factors of about 2.32 and degrees of purity higher than 99%. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
An original approach for Raman spectroscopy analysis of radioactive materials and its application to americium‐containing samples
Authors: Naji Mohamed , Colle Jean‐Yves , Beneš Ondrej , Sierig Mark , Rautio Jouni , Lajarge Patrick , Manara Dario
Published: June 2015

An approach for Raman measurements of highly radioactive samples is presented here. The innovative part of this approach lies in the fact that no single part of the Raman equipment is in direct contact with the radioactive sample, as the sample is sealed in an alpha‐tight capsule. Raman analysis is effectively performed through the optical‐grade quartz window closing the capsule. This allows performing micro‐Raman measurements on radioactive samples with no limitations on the laser source wavelength, polarisation mode, spectrometer mode and microscope mode (provided the focal length of the microscope objective is greater than the thickness of the quartz window and with sub mg samples). Some example results are shown and discussed. In particular, some spectral features of americium‐containing oxide nuclear fuel specimens are presented. Raman spectra clearly reveal in these specimens the presence of abundant oxygen defects induced in the fcc fluorite lattice by trivalent americium. In order to complete the analysis the Raman spectrum of pure americium dioxide was also measured with a lower energy excitation source compared with previous research. The current results seem to be consistent with the possible occurrence of a photolysis process induced by the Raman laser, resulting in the formation of hyperstoichiometric americium sesquioxide Am2O3 + z. Such a photolytic process is deemed to be unavoidable when visible lasers are used as excitation sources for the Raman analysis of americium dioxide. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Raman Spectroscopy Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydatidosis of a Pregnant Woman of the 3rd Century bc, Greece
Authors: Antikas T. G. , Wynn‐Antikas L. K.
Published: June 2015

Analyses of cremains of three individuals from a 3rd‐century‐bc hydria revealed a calcified hydatid cyst among commingled bones of a man, woman and fetus. The free cyst likely belonged to the pregnant woman who may have died of hydatidosis, a disease known in Greece since the 5th century bc. Hydatid cyst finds are rare in the literature. This is the first cyst found with cremains and in Greece. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mosaic diamond detectors for fast neutrons and large ionizing radiation fields
Authors: Girolami Marco , Bellucci Alessandro , Calvani Paolo , Cazzaniga Carlo , Rebai Marica , Rigamonti Davide , Tardocchi Marco , Pillon Mario , Trucchi Daniele M.
Published: June 2015

First neutron and X‐ray beam tests on a novel 12‐pixel single‐crystal diamond mosaic detector are presented and discussed. Preliminary characterization of single‐pixel electronic properties, performed with α particles, results in charge carrier mobilities >2000 cm2 Vs−1 and saturation velocities of the order of 107 cm s−1. Signal stability over time, measured with a 241Am source (37 kBq activity), is longer than 5 h. Tests under an intense X‐ray beam (1 Gy h−1 dose‐rate) show a very good response uniformity (down to about 1% of relative standard deviation from mean value), suggesting a high level of pixel reproducibility at intermediate bias voltages (ranging from 20 to 100 V). Response uniformity reduces at voltages >200 V, due presumably to radiation‐assisted detrapping effects. Preliminary results of 12‐pixel simultaneous acquisitions of X‐ray beam profiles and pulse height spectra under a fast neutron beam (14 MeV) are also presented.
Learning ordinal data
Authors: Qiao Xingye
Published: June 2015

Classification is an important topic in statistical learning. The goal of classification is to build a predictive model from the training dataset for the class label of an observation. It is commonly assumed that the class labels are unordered. However, in many real applications, there exists an intrinsic ordinal relation between the class labels. Examples of these include cancer patients grouped in early, mediocre, and terminal stages, customers grouped into low, middle, and high credit levels, and experimental subjects enriched with different amounts of bacterial. In this article, we focus on the classification problem for ordinal data and introduce the theoretical setup of the problem. We review both traditional and modern methods in learning ordinal data. In particular, we emphasize the trade‐off between model flexibility and interpretability. Lastly, we discuss some issues regarding ordinal data learning, including an appropriate loss function for this problem.WIREs Comput Stat2015, 7:341–346. doi: 10.1002/wics.1357

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Post‐transcriptional regulation in corticogenesis: how RNA‐binding proteins help build the brain
Authors: Pilaz Louis‐Jan , Silver Debra L.
Published: June 2015

The cerebral cortex, the brain structure responsible for our higher cognitive functions, is built during embryonic development in a process called corticogenesis. During corticogenesis, neural stem cells generate distinct populations of progenitors and excitatory neurons. These new neurons migrate radially in the cortex, eventually forming neuronal layers and establishing synaptic connections with other neurons both within and outside the cortex. Perturbations to corticogenesis can result in severe neurodevelopmental disorders, thus emphasizing the need to better understand molecular regulation of brain development. Recent studies in both model organisms and humans have collectively highlighted roles for post‐transcriptional regulation in virtually all steps of corticogenesis. Genomic approaches have revealed global RNA changes associated with spatial and temporal regulation of cortical development. Additionally, genetic studies have uncovered RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration within the developing neocortex. Many of these same RBPs play causal roles in neurodevelopmental pathologies. In the developing neocortex, RBPs influence diverse steps of mRNA metabolism, including splicing, stability, translation, and localization. With the advent of new technologies, researchers have begun to uncover key transcripts regulated by these RBPs. Given the complexity of the developing mammalian cortex, a major challenge for the future will be to understand how dynamic RNA regulation occurs within heterogeneous cell populations, across space and time. In sum, post‐transcriptional regulation has emerged as a critical mechanism for driving corticogenesis and exciting direction of future research. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:501–515. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1289

This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications

RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
A national survey of gynecologists on current practice patterns for management of abnormal uterine bleeding in South Korea
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Lee Dong‐Yun , Song Jae Yen , Lee Eun Sil , Jeong Kyungah , Choi DooSeok
Published: June 2015

Objective

To evaluate practice patterns of gynecologists in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in South Korea.

Methods

Between February 24 and March 12, 2014, a cross‐sectional survey was performed through face‐to‐face interviews with 100 gynecologists selected through quota sampling reflecting regions and hospital types. Through the use of a questionnaire, the level of awareness and practice patterns regarding diagnosis and management of AUB were evaluated.

Results

Among 100 respondents, 60 reported that they had not previously heard of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification system. The standardization of AUB terminology was reported to be necessary or very necessary by 70 respondents. Pelvic ultrasonography would be used for diagnosis by 99 physicians. The most common first‐line AUB treatment was combined oral contraceptives: 55 respondents would use them for heavy menstrual bleeding, 56 for intermenstrual bleeding, and 56 for polycystic ovary syndrome. Combined oral contraceptives were the preferred follow‐up medication: 30 would use them for heavy menstrual bleeding, 24 for intermenstrual bleeding, and 52 for polycystic ovary syndrome.

Conclusion

Despite implementation of the FIGO AUB classification system and guidelines, awareness and use among gynecologists in South Korea remains low.
Pluralism and the Fate of Perestroika: A Historical Reflection
Authors: Gunnell John
Published: June 2015

Although a great deal has been written about the perestroika movement in turn-of-the century political science its actual place in the history of the discipline has been poorly understood by its founders, defenders, and critics. Perestroika can be best understood as a manifestation of the persistent crises of identity that have characterized the discipline of political science, and it cannot be explained apart from the manner in which it was reflection of issues that attended both the origins of the field and periods such as the 1920s and aftermath of the behavioral era. What has been particularly important in each case has been the impact on both American politics and political science of the ethic of pluralism, which has created significant difficulties for both the practical and epistemic relationship between the discipline and its subject matter. — John Gunnell.

This essay is followed by responses from James Farr, Robert O. Keohane, David D. Laitin, Kristen Renwick Monroe, Anne Norton, and Sanford F. Schram. John Gunnell then offers a response to commentators.
A discussion of Melissa Schwartzberg's Counting the Many: The Origins and Limits of Supermajority Rule
Authors: Lee Frances E.
Published: June 2015

Majority rule is a hallmark of modern liberal democracy. It is also a complicated, and contentious, idea. It has been subjected to extensive criticism by a range of philosophers, political theorists, and constitutional scholars ever since Plato. And it has been subjected to a range of qualifications and constraints by political elites and constitutional engineers intent on instituting supermajoritarian requirements. Melissa Schwartzberg’s Counting the Many: The Origins and Limits of Supermajority Rule (Cambridge University Press, 2014) is a careful historical and analytic critique of supermajority rule. As Schwartzberg argues: “Although supermajority rules ostensibly aim to reduce the purported risks associated with majority decision making, they do so at the cost of introducing new liabilities associated with the biased judgments they generate and secure.” This is an important argument, of relevance to normative and empirical scholars of democracy and democratization. And so we have invited a range of scholars working on these topics to review the book. — Jeffrey C. Isaac
Report of the Primary Latin Project February 2015
Authors: Bell Barbara
Published: June 2015

2014 was a particularly big year for Minimus. The DfE ruling that primary schools must teach a language which need not be a modern language (Latin and Classical Greek were among the options) has led to a pleasing increase in demand for Minimus.
Der Schatten
Authors: Bertolaso Yolanda
Published: June 2015

Der Schatten–Freund oder Feind? Was genau ist der Schatten in Bezug auf die Seele des Menschen? Plato, Aristoteles, Freud, Jung (1999) , Dürckheim (1989, 1992 , 1997 ), Fromm (1988, 2006 ), Goethe, Andersen (1949) , Chamisso–um nur einige zu nennen–sie alle hatten ihre eigene Vorstellung und Interpretation dieses Phänomens. Sich mit seinem Schatten anzufreunden, ihn zu verstehen, ihn zu „kultivieren”–mit Hilfe der Arbeit an sogenannten Schattenbewegungen „Licht ins Dunkel” zu bringen, das ist eine tanztherapeutische Interventionsmöglichkeit, zum Kern des eigenen Wesens vorzudringen, sich mit dem eigentlichen Selbst zu verbinden.
Nitric oxide stress and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase impair β-cell sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2b activity and protein stability
Authors: Tong X , Kono T , Evans-Molina C
Published: June 2015

The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) pump maintains a steep Ca2+ concentration gradient between the cytosol and ER lumen in the pancreatic β-cell, and the integrity of this gradient has a central role in regulated insulin production and secretion, maintenance of ER function and β-cell survival. We have previously demonstrated loss of β-cell SERCA2b expression under diabetic conditions. To define the mechanisms underlying this, INS-1 cells and rat islets were treated with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) combined with or without cycloheximide or actinomycin D. IL-1β treatment led to increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression, which occurred concurrently with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). IL-1β led to decreased SERCA2b mRNA and protein expression, whereas time-course experiments revealed a reduction in protein half-life with no change in mRNA stability. Moreover, SERCA2b protein but not mRNA levels were rescued by treatment with the NOS inhibitor l-NMMA (NG-monomethyl l-arginine), whereas the NO donor SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine) and the AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) recapitulated the effects of IL-1β on SERCA2b protein stability. Similarly, IL-1β-induced reductions in SERCA2b expression were rescued by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK with compound C or by transduction of a dominant-negative form of AMPK, whereas β-cell death was prevented in parallel. Finally, to determine a functional relationship between NO and AMPK signaling and SERCA2b activity, fura-2/AM (fura-2-acetoxymethylester) Ca2+ imaging experiments were performed in INS-1 cells. Consistent with observed changes in SERCA2b expression, IL-1β, SNAP and AICAR increased cytosolic Ca2+ and decreased ER Ca2+ levels, suggesting congruent modulation of SERCA activity under these conditions. In aggregate, these results show that SERCA2b protein stability is decreased under inflammatory conditions through NO- and AMPK-dependent pathways and provide novel insight into pathways leading to altered β-cell calcium homeostasis and reduced β-cell survival in diabetes.
A novel ETFB mutation in a patient with glutaric aciduria type II
Authors: Sudo Yosuke , Sasaki Ayako , Wakabayashi Takashi , Numakura Chikahiko , Hayasaka Kiyoshi
Published: June 2015

Glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) is a rare inborn error of metabolism clinically classified into a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies, a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies and a mild and/or late-onset form (MIM #231680). Here, we report on a GAII patient carrying a homozygous novel c.143_145delAGG (p.Glu48del) mutation in the ETFB gene, who presented with a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies and rapidly developed cardiomegaly after birth.
Role of redox centre in charge transport investigated by novel self-assembled conjugated polymer molecular junctions
Authors: Wang Zongrui , Dong Huanli , Li Tao , Hviid Rune , Zou Ye , Wei Zhongming , Fu Xiaolong , Wang Erjing , Zhen Yonggang , Nørgaard Kasper , Laursen Bo W. , Hu Wenping
Published: June 2015

Molecular electronics describes a field that seeks to implement electronic components made of molecular building blocks. To date, few studies have used conjugated polymers in molecular junctions despite the fact that they potentially transport charge more efficiently than the extensively investigated small-molecular systems. Here we report a novel type of molecular tunnelling junction exploring the use of conjugated polymers, which are self-assembled into ultrathin films in a distinguishable ‘planar’ manner from the traditional vertically oriented small-molecule monolayers. Electrical measurements on the junctions reveal molecular-specific characteristics of the polymeric molecules in comparison with less conjugated small molecules. More significantly, we decorate redox-active functionality into polymeric backbones, demonstrating a key role of redox centre in the modulation of charge transport behaviour via energy level engineering and external stimuli, and implying the potential of employing tailor-made polymeric components as alternatives to small molecules for future molecular-scale electronics.
iSuc-PseAAC: predicting lysine succinylation in proteins by incorporating peptide position-specific propensity
Authors: Xu Yan , Ding Ya-Xin , Ding Jun , Lei Ya-Hui , Wu Ling-Yun , Deng Nai-Yang
Published: June 2015

Lysine succinylation in protein is one type of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Succinylation is associated with some diseases and succinylated sites data just has been found in recent years in experiments. It is highly desired to develop computational methods to identify the candidate proteins and their sites. In view of this, a new predictor called iSuc-PseAAC was proposed by incorporating the peptide position-specific propensity into the general form of pseudo amino acid composition. The accuracy is 79.94%, sensitivity 51.07%, specificity 89.42% and MCC 0.431 in leave-one-out cross validation with support vector machine algorithm. It demonstrated by rigorous leave-one-out on stringent benchmark dataset that the new predictor is quite promising and may become a useful high throughput tool in this area. Meanwhile a user-friendly web-server for iSuc-PseAAC is accessible at http://app.aporc.org/iSuc-PseAAC/ . Users can easily obtain their desired results without the need to understand the complicated mathematical equations presented in this paper just for its integrity.
A novel coumarin-based fluorescence chemosensor containingl-histidine for aluminium(iii) ions in aqueous solution
Authors: Yan Li-Qiang , Ma Yun , Cui Mei-Fang , Qi Zheng-Jian
Published: June 2015

A highly selective “Turn-on” fluorescence chemosensor containingl-histidine for aluminium(iii) ions was readily synthesized and investigated in pure aqueous solution.
Dimeric platinum–stannylene complexes by twofold ligand transfer from an NHC adduct to an organotin(ii) hydride
Authors: Sindlinger Christian P. , Wesemann Lars
Published: June 2015

A dimeric platinum stannylene hydride complex was obtained from the reaction of a carbene adduct to a hydrostannylene.
Efficient synthesis of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using mineral-derived Cu catalysts as versatile catalysts
Authors: Zhu Yifeng , Kong Xiao , Zheng Hongyan , Ding Guoqiang , Zhu Yulei , Li Yong-Wang
Published: June 2015

A Cu/ZnO catalyst derived from minerals (malachite, rosasite and aurichalcite) could catalyze 5-hydroxymethylfurfural hydrogenation to 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran tunably.
Development of a low fat fresh pork sausage based on chitosan with health claims: impact on the quality, functionality and shelf-life
Authors: do Amaral Deborah S. , Cardelle-Cobas Alejandra , do Nascimento Bárbara M. S. , Monteiro Maria J. , Madruga Marta S. , Pintado Maria Manuela E.
Published: June 2015

A low fat fresh pork sausage based on chitosan was developed with the objective of obtaining a new functional meat product with improved properties and health claims promoting cholesterol reduction.
Green tea extract improves the oxidative state of the liver and brain in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis
Authors: de Almeida Gonçalves Geferson , de Sá-Nakanishi Anacharis Babeto , Wendt Mariana Marques Nogueira , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Bersani Amado Ciomar Aparecida , Bracht Adelar , Peralta Rosane Marina
Published: June 2015

A green tea extract improves significantly the oxidative state of both the liver and the brain of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis with simultaneous restoration of the antioxidant defenses.
Measurement of total antioxidant capacity in sub-μL blood samples using craft paper-based analytical devices
Authors: Sun Meng , Johnson Michael A.
Published: June 2015

Measuring total antioxidant capacity on papers using sub-μL plasma separated from red blood cells in disposable tubing.
Protein–calcium phosphate nanocomposites: benchmarking protein loading via physical and chemical modifications against co-precipitation
Authors: Ozhukil Kollath Vinayaraj , Mullens Steven , Luyten Jan , Traina Karl , Cloots Rudi
Published: June 2015

This study benchmarks the co-precipitation, physical and chemical methods used for protein loading enhancement on calcium phosphate.
Identification of high affinity peptides for capturing norovirus capsid proteins
Authors: Hwang H. J. , Ryu M. Y. , Park J. P.
Published: June 2015

The best peptide, specific for recombinant norovirus capsid proteins, was found to have nanomolar affinity.
Synthesis of lipase nano-bio-conjugates as an efficient biocatalyst: characterization and activity–stability studies with potential biocatalytic applications
Authors: Badgujar Kirtikumar Chandulal , Sasaki Takehiko , Bhanage Bhalchandra Mahadeo
Published: June 2015

Synthesis of lipase nano-bio-conjugate and their detail biocatalytic application studies.
Thermal, chemical and morphological properties of carbon fibres derived from chemically pre-treated wool fibres
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Mahbubul , Schiermeister Linda , Staiger Mark Peter
Published: June 2015

Carbon fibres were produced from various-treated wool and the effect of pre-treatments' on carbon yield and surface properties was investigated.
One/two-photon-sensitive photoacid generators based on benzene oligomer-containing D–π–A-type aryl dialkylsulfonium salts
Authors: Jin Ming , Wu Xingyu , Xie Jianchao , Malval Jean Pierre , Wan Decheng
Published: June 2015

D–π–A type photoacid generators with a benzene-oligomer as π-conjugated systems show high photoacid generation efficiency (ΦH+max > 0.7) and good photoinitiated polymerization abilities by 365 nm and 780 nm excitation.
Conformational changes in amyloid-beta (12–28) alloforms studied using action-FRET, IMS and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Daly Steven , Kulesza Alexander , Poussigue Frederic , Simon Anne-Laure , Choi Chang Min , Knight Geoffrey , Chirot Fabien , MacAleese Luke , Antoine Rodolphe , Dugourd Philippe
Published: June 2015

The gas phase conformations of two amyloid beta mutants are studied by multiple techniques to elucidate the origin of the different aggregation behaviour.
Self-assembly of a mesoporous ZnS/mediating interface/CdS heterostructure with enhanced visible-light hydrogen-production activity and excellent stability
Authors: Li Kui , Chen Rong , Li Shun-Li , Han Min , Xie Shuai-Lei , Bao Jian-Chun , Dai Zhi-Hui , Lan Ya-Qian
Published: June 2015

We designed and successfully fabricated a ZnS/CdS 3D mesoporous heterostructure with a mediating Zn1−xCdxS interface.
Controlled synthesis of V2O5/MWCNT core/shell hybrid aerogels through a mixed growth and self-assembly methodology for supercapacitors with high capacitance and ultralong cycle life
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Gao Guohua , Yang Huiyu , Bi Wenchao , Liang Xing , Zhang Yuerou , Zhang Guyu , Wu Guangming
Published: June 2015

Three-dimensional V2O5/MWCNT core/shell hybrid aerogels were controllably synthesized through a mixed growth and self-assembly methodology in a one-pot sol–gel process.
β-Cyclodextrin modified silica nanoparticles for Nafion based proton exchange membranes with significantly enhanced transport properties
Authors: Jia Wei , Feng Kai , Tang Beibei , Wu Peiyi
Published: June 2015

Distinctive advantages of SN-β-CD on the membrane performance of Nafion-based PEMs.
Epitaxial growth of InP to bury directly bonded thin active layer on SiO2 /Si substrate for fabricating distributed feedback lasers on silicon
Authors: Fujii Takuro , Sato Tomonari , Takeda Koji , Hasebe Koichi , Kakitsuka Takaaki , Matsuo Shinji
Published: June 2015

The authors have developed a new heterogeneous‐integration method for fabricating semiconductor lasers with high modulation efficiency on Si substrates. The method employs the direct bonding of an InP‐based active layer to the SiO2 layer of a thermally oxidised Si substrate (SiO2 /Si substrate), followed by the epitaxial growth of InP to form a buried heterostructure (BH). By using the InP membrane, the authors realise epitaxial growth of an InP on the InP membrane directly bonded to Si without crystal quality degradation. Both a theoretical estimation and photoluminescence measurements revealed that the total laser thickness must be less than the critical thickness determined by the applied thermal strain. The authors confirmed that the crystal quality of the BH is comparable to that fabricated on an InP substrate when using a 250‐nm‐thick InP‐based membrane. A distributed feedback laser fabricated on a SiO2 /Si substrate exhibited continuous‐wave operation up to 100°C and was directly modulated by a 40 Gbit/s non‐return‐to‐zero signal with a bias current of 15 mA. These results indicate that epitaxial growth using a directly bonded InP‐based active layer on a SiO2 /Si substrate allows us to achieve lasers with high modulation efficiency and to use a large‐scale Si wafer as a fabrication platform, resulting in low‐cost fabrication.
Lagrangian and Eulerian analysis of transport and mixing in the three dimensional, time dependent Hill’s spherical vortex
Authors: McIlhany Kevin L. , Guth Stephen , Wiggins Stephen
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we extend the notion of Eulerian indicators (EIs), previously developed for two dimensional time dependent flows, to three dimensional time dependent flows, where the time dependence can be arbitrary. These are applied to a study of transport and mixing in the Hill’s spherical vortex subject to a linear strain rate field. We consider the axisymmetric case and the fully three dimensional case with different types of time dependence. We develop a Lagrangian characterization of transport and mixing appropriate for open three dimensional flows and we show that the EIs provide a detailed description of the flow structure that can be correlated with the Lagrangian transport and mixing results. The EIs yield results consistent with the dynamics of the Hill’s vortex flow characteristics, correlation with transverse shear, and anti-correlation with transversality.
The dissociative chemisorption of water on Ni(111): Mode- and bond-selective chemistry on metal surfaces
Authors: Farjamnia Azar , Jackson Bret
Published: June 2015

A fully quantum approach based on an expansion in vibrationally adiabatic eigenstates is used to explore the dissociative chemisorption of H2O, HOD, and D2O on Ni(111). For this late barrier system, excitation of both the bending and stretching modes significantly enhances dissociative sticking. The vibrational efficacies vary somewhat from mode-to-mode but are all relatively close to one, in contrast to methane dissociation, where the behavior is less statistical. Similar to methane dissociation, the motion of lattice atoms near the dissociating molecule can significantly modify the height of the barrier to dissociation, leading to a strong variation in dissociative sticking with substrate temperature. Given a rescaling of the barrier height, our results are in reasonable agreement with measurements of the dissociative sticking of D2O on Ni(111), for both laser-excited molecules with one or two quanta of excitation in the antisymmetric stretch and in the absence of laser excitation. Even without laser excitation, the beam contains vibrationally excited molecules populated at the experimental source temperature, and these make significant contributions to the sticking probability. At high collision energies, above the adiabatic barrier heights, our results correlate with these barrier heights and mode softening effects. At lower energies, dissociative sticking occurs primarily via vibrationally nonadiabatic pathways. We find a preference for O–H over O–D bond cleavage for ground state HOD molecules at all but the highest collision energies, and excitation of the O–H stretch gives close to 100% O–H selectivity at lower energies. Excitation of the O–D stretch gives a lower O–D cleavage selectivity, as the interaction with the surface leads to energy transfer from the O–D stretch into the O–H bond, when mode softening makes these vibrations nearly degenerate.
Phase field simulation on the electromechanical response of poled barium titanate polycrystals with oxygen vacancies
Authors: Shindo Yasuhide , Narita Fumio , Kobayashi Takuya
Published: June 2015

This work investigates the electromechanical response of poled barium titanate (BaTiO3) polycrystals with oxygen vacancies at room temperature. A phase field model is developed for ferroelectric polycrystals, coupled with the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory and the oxygen vacancies diffusion, to demonstrate the interaction between oxygen vacancies and domain evolutions. To generate grain structures, the phase field model for grain growth is also employed. The hysteresis loop (polarization vs electric field curve) and butterfly loop (strain vs electric field curve) are computed, and the effects of grain size and oxygen vacancy density on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the BaTiO3 polycrystals are discussed.
Measurements of nuclear spin dynamics by spin-noise spectroscopy
Authors: Ryzhov I. I. , Poltavtsev S. V. , Kavokin K. V. , Glazov M. M. , Kozlov G. G. , Vladimirova M. , Scalbert D. , Cronenberger S. , Kavokin A. V. , Lemaître A. , Bloch J. , Zapasskii V. S.
Published: June 2015

We exploit the potential of the spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) for studies of nuclear spin dynamics in n-GaAs. The SNS experiments were performed on bulk n-type GaAs layers embedded into a high-finesse microcavity at negative detuning. In our experiments, nuclear spin polarisation initially prepared by optical pumping is monitored in real time via a shift of the peak position in the electron spin noise spectrum. We demonstrate that this shift is a direct measure of the Overhauser field acting on the electron spin. The dynamics of nuclear spin is shown to be strongly dependent on the electron concentration.
Correlation of structure and ion conduction in La2−xYxMo2O9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) oxygen ion conductors
Authors: Paul T. , Ghosh A.
Published: June 2015

Correlation of structure and ion conduction of La2−xYxMo2O9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) has been investigated. The cubic symmetry with space group P213 and other structural parameters are obtained from Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns of Y doped samples. The average lanthanum-oxygen and molybdenum-oxygen distances are obtained from the electron density contour plot. The transmission electron microscopic study confirms the cubic nature of the samples and also provides an estimate of thickness of the grain boundary. The scanning transmission electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer mapping confirms the different orientations of grains. The composition dependence of the ionic conductivity has been correlated with that of O2 and O3 site occupancies in the [O1La3Mo] antitetrahedral unit. The different vibrational modes in the low frequency region due to vibration of Mo-O bands are confirmed from the analysis of FTIR and Raman spectra. The full widths at half maximum of most of the Mo-O bands are found to be independent of Y doping. Additionally, the shifts in the position of Raman bands are correlated with unit cell parameter using Grüneisen constant.
Note: Enhanced energy harvesting from low-frequency magnetic fields utilizing magneto-mechano-electric composite tuning-fork
Authors: Yang Aichao , Li Ping , Wen Yumei , Yang Chao , Wang Decai , Zhang Feng , Zhang Jiajia
Published: June 2015

A magnetic-field energy harvester using a low-frequency magneto-mechano-electric (MME) composite tuning-fork is proposed. This MME composite tuning-fork consists of a copper tuning fork with piezoelectric Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 (PZT) plates bonded near its fixed end and with NdFeB magnets attached at its free ends. Due to the resonance coupling between fork prongs, the MME composite tuning-fork owns strong vibration and high Q value. Experimental results show that the proposed magnetic-field energy harvester using the MME composite tuning-fork exhibits approximately 4 times larger maximum output voltage and 7.2 times higher maximum power than the conventional magnetic-field energy harvester using the MME composite cantilever.