bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Vaginal Inflammation Due to Candida sp., Trichomonas vaginalis and Associated Factors Among Patients Visiting the Gynecology Clinic at Hoang Anh Gia Lai University Medical Hospital
Authors: Thanh Dang Dinh , Trong Phan Van , Hong Van Nguyen Thi
Published: October 2024

Candida spp., T.vaginalis infections can cause genital inflammation in women, leading to many adverse effects such as increased risk of infertility and severely impacting the patient's health and quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of vaginal inflammation due to Candida spp., T. vaginalis infections and identify associated factors. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional research. The research subjects were women of reproductive age (18-49 years old) who visited the gynecology clinic at Hoang Anh Gia Lai University Medical Hospital, Gia Lai province. Results: The prevalence of vaginal inflammation due to Candida spp., T.vaginalis infection was 26.7% (of which Candida sp. was 99.1% and T.vaginalis was 0.9%). The group using unsanitary water sources had a 1.6 times higher risk of infection (95% CI: 1.1-2.6), and the group that did not regularly undergo gynecological examinations had a 1.8 times higher risk of infection (95% CI: 1.1-2.9). Conclusion: The prevalence of Candida spp., T.vaginalis infection was 26.7%, and was associated with the use of unsafe water sources and irregular gynecological checkups.
Structural and Functional Annotations of Hypothetical Proteins of Candida auris for Novel Drug Target Identification: An insilico Approach
Authors: Qamar Abbas  , Sana Batool  , Muhammad Zaid  , Mahnoor Mushtaq  , Maham Ijaz  , Ayman Naeem  , Ali Munir  , Arslan Hamid  , Naeem Mahmood Ashraf  , Hina Batool
Published: October 2024

Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that causes severe invasive infections in healthcare facilities which are difficult to control and treat due to its resistance to major antifungal drugs. A large fraction of C. auris proteins are uncharacterized and hypothetical, and structural and functional characterization of these proteins can aid in the selection of novel drug targets. The present study involves a computational approach for the structural and functional characterization of hypothetical proteins from Candida auris. After the sequenceretrieval, hypothetical proteins were predicted for physiochemical properties and subcellular localization, structurally modeled using I-TASSER, quality assessed through Verify3D, ERRAT, and PROCHECK, and functionally annotated to reveal conserved domains and roles in pathogen pathways. Finally, the immunogenic assessments, non-human homologous analysis, and druggability analysis reveal three hypothetical proteins of C. auris (KND95408.2, KND95415.2, and KND95429.2) as novel drug targets. Furthermore, the stable conformations of theseselected drug targets with the minimum root mean square deviations (RMSD) and fluctuation (RMSF) were analyzed by MD simulations. Conclusively, the functional annotations of these hypothetical proteins can help in understanding the disease mechanisms at the molecular level, as well as provide new targets for drug development against Candida auris.
Percepción ética del bienestar animal en estudiantes de medicina veterinaria y zootecnia
Authors: López de Buen Lorena , Ahuja-Aguirre Concepción , Carrasco García Apolo A. , Paredes Ramos Pedro , Montiel Palacios Felipe
Published: October 2024

La producción responsable de los productos pecuarios requiere de la participación de médicos veterinarios zootecnistas (MVZ) solidarios y empáticos con los animales, capacitados para su correcta utilización bajo los principios del bienestar animal
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. una excelente fuente de proteína para la alimentación humana y animal
Authors: Mendoza-Pedroza Sergio I. , Ortega-Jiménez Eusebio , Méndez-Gaona Efraín , Domínguez-Martínez Pablo A. , Pérez-Cruz Kevin U.
Published: October 2024

La proteína es un nutriente de difícil acceso para poblaciones en zonas marginadas, debido a la situación de pobreza extrema y carencia alimentaria que enfrentan, esto ha provocado la desnutrición y problemas, como, por ejemplo, sistema inmunológico débil, retraso en el crecimiento en niños y pérdida de masa muscular
PENGELOLAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @BOSGILDAHSYAT OLEH PUBLIK RELATIONS SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI
Authors: Humayrah Noviyanti Kanaris  , Muhammad Ramaditya Triprasta  , Angela Deananda Putri Budiastuti
Published: October 2024

Maraknya penggunaan instagram oleh masyarakat dimanfaatkan oleh perusahaan lokal maupun international untuk melakukan promosi, salah satu perusahaan yang menggunakan Instagram sebagai media promosi adalah Nasi Mandhi Bosgil dengan akun instagramnya yaitu @bosgildahsyat. Tujuan Penelitian Untuk mengetahui pengelolaan Instagram pada akun instagram @bosgildahsyat oleh Public Relations sebagai media promosi. Konsep yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah konsep 4C (Context, Communication, Connection and Collaboration) dari Chris Heure. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma post-positivisme dengan pendekatan kualitatif, metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pengelolaan Media Sosial Instagram @Bosgildahsyat Oleh Public Relations Sebagai Media Promosi sudah berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan teori 4C yaitu, Context : Membentuk suatu pesan dengan konten audio visual yang dibuat secara terencana mengikuti algoritma Instagram, Communication: Komunikasi berjalan secara dua arah dengan mereposting snapgram para audiens, membalas direct message atau komentar, dan memberikan keterbukaaan informasi kepada para audience, Collaborations : Kerja sama dalam bentuk endorsement bersama para public figure dengan tujuan mempromosikan akun Instagram @bosgildahsyat dan Connection : Relationship terjalin dengan para pelanggan dan public figure melalui Instagram dengan memanfaatkan fitur DM dan komentar di Instagram,. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Pengelolaan Media Sosial Instagram @Bosgildahsyat Oleh Public Relations Sebagai Media Promosi sudah berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan teori 4C, Public Relations sudah memaksimalkan pengelolaan instagram sebagai media promosi.
AI-Driven Data Preparation: The Key to Unlocking Cloud-Based Analytics
Authors:   Principle Solution Architect @Sabre Corporation, Ashraf Syed Ziaurrahman
Published: October 2024

The rapid adoption of cloud-based analytics has revolutionized data-driven decision-making across industries. Cloud- based analytics has transformed how businesses make decisions by leveraging vast amounts of data. However, preparing data for analysis—such as cleaning, transforming, and organizing it—can be a complicated and time- consuming process. AI-driven data preparation (AIDP) is a solution that automates these steps, reducing the time and effort needed to prepare data while improving its quality. This paper explains the importance of AI-driven data preparation, discusses how it works, and shows how businesses can benefit from using AI in their data preparation process for cloud analytics. The use of diagrams, flowcharts, and pseudocode helps explain these concepts in a simplified yet technical manner. Keywords AI-driven data preparation, cloud-based analytics, data pipeline, automation, machine learning, data wrangling, ETL, data transformation, big data
Streamlining Clinical Trial Data from Raw to Regulatory Submission with R Shiny and Pharmaverse
Authors:   Programmer Analyst at Thermofisher Scientific, USA, Uttiramerur Arvind
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the pharmaceutical and biotech industries have increasingly adopted open-source tools to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and reproducibility of clinical trial data analysis. R Shiny, a web application framework for R, has become a key component in creating interactive dashboards and visualizations that support real-time data exploration and decision-making. As part of the Pharmaverse ecosystem, R Shiny plays a vital role in regulatory submissions, data analysis, and reporting, offering dynamic, user-friendly interfaces for clinical trial monitoring, patient safety reporting, and efficacy analysis. This abstract explores the application of R Shiny within the Pharmaverse, emphasizing its seamless integration with tools such as Tplyr and admiral for generating CDISC-compliant SDTM and ADaM datasets. Metadata management and validation are facilitated through OAK, ensuring consistency and traceability. The automated creation of Define.xml using tools like defineR further enhances transparency and regulatory compliance. Through case studies and practical examples, this abstract highlights how R Shiny and related tools improve data transparency, accelerate decision-making, and support regulatory compliance in clinical trials. By leveraging these open-source technologies, clinical trial teams can streamline data workflows, enhance collaboration, and improve outcomes, ultimately driving innovation within the pharmaceutical industry. The integration of these tools into a cohesive framework significantly enhances the submission process to regulatory bodies like the FDA and EMA, ensuring that clinical data meets both industry and regulatory standards.
Exploring the Future of Salesforce with Einstein GPT
Authors: Guduru Venkat Sumanth
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses how far the impact of Einstein GPT can go into changing Salesforce, talking from its architecture, applications, and future possibilities. Einstein GPT helps in the integration of advanced generative pre-trained transformers in Salesforce, enabling it to allow natural language interactions and enhanced insights of data. The essay will research through its architecture, including the Data Layer, AI/ML Layer, and Interaction Layer, bringing into focus key applications such as sales automation, improvement in customer service, optimization in marketing, and predictive analytics. This paper considers the moral dimensions of using AI, too. That is, by considering these dimensions, the essay points out how Einstein GPT is bound to set a new course of CRM capabilities and future innovations within Salesforce. Keywords—Salesforce, GPT, Einstein, AI, Integration
THE EFFECT OF THE TALKING STICK LEARNING MODEL ON THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF CLASS IV STUDENTS IN THE SUBJECT OF MATHEMATICS MIXED ACCOUNTING OPERATIONS
Authors: Firdausi Farihah , Nuriadin Ishaq
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Talking Stick learning model on learning outcomes for fourth-grade elementary school students. This research method uses a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental approach and a non-probability sampling technique. Researchers used pre-tests and post-tests to determine the development and impact of students' learning results by implementing the Talking Stick learning model. The data collection technique in this research uses hypothesis testing (t-test) to determine the effect of the talk stick collaborative learning model on critical mathematical thinking. This is reflected in the results of the hypothesis test (t-test) which has a significance value of 0.006 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an influence on the learning outcomes of mixed arithmetic operations using the Talking Stick learning model.
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ARTICULATE STORYLINE
Authors: Budiana Sandi , Rostikawati Teti , Karmila Nita , Rahmah Mursidah , Putri Layli
Published: October 2024

The research aims to determine the application of developing teaching media by implementing articulatory storylines in learning. Respondents in this study were limited to fourth grade students, the method used was Research and Development by combining the ADDIE model. Feasibility is seen through expert validation, several tests, small group trials, and field trials with indicators of student responses and learning outcomes. The field test was carried out on 40 students. The research results show that digital interactive multimedia and the Articulate Storyline application have great potential for use in learning. Expert validation results obtained an average of 97% with the classification "Very Decent" reinforced by the N-Gain achievement reaching a percentage of 74% in the "High" category, and getting good results with a student response percentage value of 93.1% and response teachers by 94% with the criteria "Very Eligible". Students gave a positive response to interactive multimedia assisted by an articulated and developed storyline application. It can be concluded that digital interactive teaching media is practically used in learning in Theme 9 Subtheme 2 Learning 5 and meets the valid criteria and is very suitable for use in learning in class IV elementary schools.
The use of digital storytelling in the teaching of reading at a rural primary school
Authors: Ramalepe Matome Liphy , Westhuizen Gert Van der
Published: October 2024

The myriad challenges confronting schools have stimulated proposals to adopt digital storytelling as both an innovative teaching strategy and learning resource. Due to inadequacy in reading skills of our school learners, language teachers have acceded to a proposal to use digital storytelling as a vehicle for curriculum delivery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of the rural primary school teachers regarding the use of digital storytelling in the teaching of reading. To do so, the researcher employed a three-cyclical process of qualitative action research which involved pre-implementation, implementation and post-implementation stages. To gather data from five language teachers, interviews were used during pre-implementation phase, observations were conducted during the implementation phase, and document analysis and interviews were employed during the post-implementation phase. Results show that the teachers’ readiness levels in terms of technological skills, beliefs and attitude improved after attending the Digital Storytelling Workshop. The notable end-product of the Digital Storytelling Workshop was three digital stories that teachers developed by teachers. In sum, teachers demonstrated an adequate degree of readiness to adopt digital storytelling after the post-implementation phase. The positive outcomes of this action research study suggest that digital storytelling should be used as an innovative strategy to teach reading.
Innovating STEM education: Teacher reflections on challenges, strategies, and development
Authors: Grancharova Damyana
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the crucial role of teachers' perspectives in enhancing STEM education, specifically focusing on evaluating existing programs, identifying challenges, and proposing actionable improvements. A comprehensive survey was administered to gather detailed insights from teachers regarding the effectiveness of STEM educational materials and methodologies. The survey results reveal key areas requiring enhancement to better support student learning, particularly in the integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics within the curriculum. The findings indicate that incorporating teachers' feedback can lead to substantial improvements in teaching practices, professional development opportunities, and overall student outcomes. The study emphasizes the significance of inclusive education, the importance of hands-on and experiential learning, and the critical role of technology integration in modern STEM curricula. Additionally, it highlights the necessity for targeted professional development programs that are closely aligned with the specific needs and challenges identified by teachers. By applying the firsthand experiences and practical recommendations of teachers, this research aims to inform and influence curriculum development processes, ultimately fostering a more effective and equitable STEM education system. The practical implications of the study suggest that schools and educational institutions can overcome current barriers by adopting these recommendations, thereby improving the STEM learning experience and more effectively preparing students to face future challenges and seize opportunities in the rapidly evolving fields of science and technology.
In Vitro And In Silico Studies Of Lawsone On Inflammation-Induced Skin Cells For Development Of Skin Anti-Inflammatory Treatment
Authors: Abdullah Shazleen Sofea , Mohammad Latif Muhammad Alif , Md Tohid Siti Farah
Published: October 2024

Lawsone, an active phytoconstituent of Lawsonia inermis sp., is proposed as a safer alternative for the current skin anti-inflammatory treatments that are mainly steroidal with unwanted side effects which does not conform to the concept of halalan toyyiban in medicine. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of lawsone on pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-α through in silico and in vitro methods. The inhibitory mechanism of lawsone were investigated via molecular docking and molecular dynamics which were performed via AutoDock Vina and GROMACS softwares, respectively. The results were then analysed via PyMol, Proteins Plus, RMSD and RMSF graphs. Subsequently, cytotoxicity of lawsone towards A431 skin epidermoid and 3T3 fibroblast cells, was determined via MTT assay. Lawsone was further tested on A431 cells stimulated with ethanol (200 mM) or hydrogen peroxide (250 µM) for 24 hours (acute) and 48 hours (chronic)  to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) release. Cell viabilities were determined via MTT assay and expression of TNF-α were measured via ELISA. In silico works predicted lawsone’s ability to bind to TNF-α with good binding affinity without disruption to the protein’s structure stability.Lawsone is proven to be safe towards non-pathological cells. Lawsone exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect on inflammation induced A431 epidermoid cells. ELISA results were not as expected as compared to previous in silico study, but an anti-inflammatory pattern can be observed in the chronic ethanol-induced treatment groups. In conclusion, lawsone is shown to have potential to be developed as a halalan-toyyiban alternative for skin anti-inflammatory treatment.
Gravimetric and SIM-Headspace GC-MS for Residual Organic Solvents Detection in Halal and Wholesomeness Food Analysis
Authors: Yuswan Mohd Hafis , Asip Nurul Najwa , Mohamad Haslina , A. Jalil Nurul Hanani , Keso Shamsidah , Tengku Md. Yusoff Tengku Shahrul , Mohamad Nurhidayatul Asma , Ibrahim Anisah , Arshad Syariena , Lai Kok Song , Abdullah Sani Muhamad Shirwan
Published: October 2024

The demand for halal foods and beverages is increasing globally. While most halal analysis focuses on porcine, this study focuses on assessing residual organic solvents to ensure their halal compliance and wholesomeness, following several Malaysian standards and guidelines. A significant challenge in this study was the volatility of the residual solvents during the preparation of standards and quality control. To address this issue, a gravimetric technique was employed and effectively minimized the difference between theoretical (1,000 ppm) and actual (710 – 892 ppm) concentrations of the residual organic standard stock solution, except for acetone (588 ppm). The aim of this study was to establish a validated, reliable, and accurate method using SIM-headspace GC-MS to identify and quantify residual organic solvents for halal and wholesomeness analysis. Confirmation of each residual organic solvent was achieved by comparing the obtained spectra with the NIST 11 spectral database, containing 70,832 compounds, with similarity ranging from 80.9% to 96.6%, except for acetonitrile at 52.2%. The validation parameters were carried out according to ISO 17025:2017, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, and the European Guidelines. The parameters included recovery ranging from 95.65% to 95.68%, precision from 10.08% to 19.65% RSD, linearity between 0.996 to 0.999, limit of detection from 0.01 to 0.08 ppm, and limit of quantification from 0.02 to 0.24 ppm. Uncertainty considerations were limited to recovery, precision, and linearity, as other uncertainties were negligible based on the bottom-up approach using in-house validation data. This combination of gravimetric and SIM-headspace GC-MS techniques has provided valuable insights for discussions and collaborations among halal authorities worldwide to establish a consensus analytical methodology for halal and wholesomeness assessment.
Influence of teacher availability on student academic achievement in public secondary schools in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Hazzan Moses Kayode
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the influence of Teacher Availability -TAV (Number of Available Teachers, Teacher Punctuality -TP, Teacher Promptness to Class -TPC) on Student Academic Achievement (SAA) in Public Senior Secondary Schools (PSSS) in Southwestern Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of teacher availability on the student's academic achievement in public secondary schools in Southwestern Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design of correlational type was adopted while the multi-stage sampling procedure was used in the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select three (Oyo, Ogun, and Ekiti) states out of the six in Southwestern Nigeria, as well as one Senatorial District (SD) from each state. The technique of proportionate-to-size sampling was employed to select 40% of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each SD and 50% (101) of the schools in the sampled LGAs. A class of 3,030 PSSS II was used; 202 Mathematics and English Language teachers and 202 Heads of Department were purposively sampled, while 101 school administrators were enumerated. The instruments were TP, TPC, English Language Achievement Test-ELAT, and Mathematics Achievement Test-MAT. The results revealed that SAA was low while TAV was high against the threshold of 2.5. The results equally showed that TAV significantly contributed to SAA. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the recruitment of teachers should be practically based on merit (in terms of educational qualifications). The school authorities should ensure that teacher availability (teacher punctuality and promptness to class) is sustained to improve the SAA.
The influence of dark triad-specific personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) on parenting styles, and parental competence in raising and educating children
Authors: Petrica Elena , Panisoara Georgeta
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the existence of an association between the Dark Triad personality traits, parental competence, and parental styles. The parentsʼ personality traits, particularly those of the Dark Triad, may serve as predictors of the child's level of development, educational path choices, academic outcomes, well-being, and overall development. It is of utmost importance to identify these traits to better understand the parents’ behaviour and the potential harm the parent's strategies may inflict on the child. The Dark Triad-specific personality traits can lead to authoritarian, selfish, lacking empathy, and even manipulative behaviors that can significantly and negatively impact a child's life. The research sample includes 609 respondents who fulfil the role of parent. The results revealed that parents' Machiavellian personality traits may be associated with an authoritarian or permissive parenting style, but not with a democratic parenting style. Also, the level of parental competence varies depending on the background of the parents and may be influenced by their psychopathic personality traits.
Strategic agility and sustainable competitive advantage of licensed television stations in Kenya: The moderating role of disruptive innovation
Authors: Karoney Farida , Awino Zachary Bolo , Aosa Evans , Wainaina Gituro
Published: October 2024

This study examined the effect of disruptive innovation on the association between strategic agility and sustainable competitive advantage of licensed television stations in Kenya. A comprehensive scrutiny of literature revealed that the effect of disruptive innovation on the nexus between strategic agility and sustainable competitive advantage had not been been empirically tested  within the context of licensed television stations in Kenya. The study was anchored on the positivist philosophy and adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design. 210 television stations that were in operation at the time of the study were surveyed. Research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM), and the findings confirmed that disruptive innovation moderated the relationship between strategic agility and sustainable competitive advantage of licensed television stations in Kenya. While strategic agility had a significant and direct positive influence on sustainable competitive advantage, disruptive innovation enhanced that relationship. The results of this study contribute to literature on strategic agility and some of the contingency conditions necessary for sustainable competitive advantage. The findings have also enhanced the understanding of the competitive forces at play within the television sub sector of the media industry in Kenya. It is recommended that licensed television stations in Kenya pay keen attention to disruptive technologies and strategies such as entry into new markets, acquisition/partnerships with digital start-ups, focusing on underserved or overshot market segments, and experimentation with new business models.
Metamorfosis inorgánica
Authors: Marín Marcela Cecilia , Paniagua Pablo , Gutiérrez Paredes Alvaro Julián , Vargas Mariana Laura
Published: October 2024

This article recalls a performative conference Un micelio de resistencias entre montañas that took place at CEPIA in September 2023, carried out by the artistic research project CEPIAbierto Geoafectos: grafías entrelazadas, traducciones humanas from the work in territories affected by mining in Casa Bamba, La Calera, Villa El diquecito and Dumesnil. This writing recalls this experience and unfolds some lines of meaning that continue to question our work.
Mapear un territorio de fronteras difusas. Presentación del dossier "Afectividad, pedagogía y resistencias"
Authors: Senmartin Carolina , Pérez Rocío Mariel
Published: October 2024

The invitation to coordinate this dossier came from the hand of a research project that we started in the year 2023, integrated by teaching colleagues, students and graduates of the Visual Arts career. It began in a classroom and, as such, it was sketched from the questions that emerged from the teaching practice located there, but also from the questions that the pandemic brought us, in terms of isolation and the absence of a space to share. The return to face-to-face attendance made us return to the familiar normality, even though we knew, from our own experience, that those years of scarce contacts brought with them a significant amount of changes. In planning programs, methodologies, activities and, above all, foreseeing possibilities and difficulties of coexistence, the pandemic period enhanced our attention to the links that occur in the practice of teaching; which would be equivalent to translating them in relation to affectivity and pedagogy, as well as resistance. From there, the tenth issue of this journal was presented to us as an opportunity to organize a mapping of events, readings, conversations and pedagogical practices that work from these crossings.
Asterisca. Un desmontaje del dibujo en sus aspectos
Authors: Di Pascuale Lucas
Published: October 2024

Asterisca is a series of drawings that emphasize the artistic practice at the same time as a university note -a publication that contains them- on the teaching and learning of drawing, used in the course Drawing IV (Visual Arts, Faculty of Arts, National University of Córdoba).The purpose of this text is to investigate the relationship between artistic practice and teaching practice. We will focus particularly on describing Asterisca, we want to explore the links between drawing as a subject taught in the academy and drawing as a contemporary artistic practice. Towards the end we are going to ask ourselves more specifically about the between of being an artist and a teacher in the arts.
Financial reporting quality and disclosure on stock price of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria
Authors: Adebanjo Adeleke Abdulyekini , Wisdom Okere
Published: October 2024

Due to the lack of a regulatory framework, financial scandals, fraud and poor disclosure in financial reports, investors and other stakeholders lose confidence in the firm's performance, which could lead to lower share prices. Investors and financial analysts who have noticed the impact of accounting quality and disclosures on stock prices have necessitated this study. This study looked at the impact of financial reporting quality and disclosure on the stock price of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data gathered from the annual report of listed DMB in Nigeria. The data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and Panel ordinary least square regression to understand the degree of relationship among the variables. A correlation matrix was carried out to test for multi-collinearity within the selected variables. Findings revealed that the combined effect of financial reporting quality and disclosure has a positive and significant impact on the stock price of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study thereby recommends that for financial institutions to achieve sustainable performance levels, they should ensure that they meet stakeholders’ demands, which mainly rest on accounting information comprehensiveness and quality. Furthermore, the quality of accounting should be improved by ensuring companies adhere to accounting standards and financial regulations regarding disclosures.
Stability and change in achievement goals during the COVID-19 pandemic: Protective factors contributing to motivational resilience
Authors: Lin Zhuqing , Xie Jianling , Gallo Katarzyna , Montecillo Isabella Rae , Epting Kristieona , Stewart Samuel , Hynes Julianna
Published: October 2024

Motivation is the process by which goal-directed behavior is initiated, energized, and sustained. The type of achievement goals endorsed by students is one of the most significant constructs in motivational research in educational contexts. It is often assumed that achievement goal endorsement is stable over time. However, that may have changed given the outbreak of COVID-19. Data were collected from a sample of undergraduate students in China (n = 300) representing various majors and academic classifications. A 2 x 2 achievement goal framework comprising mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals was then compared before and during emergency distance education. Our study results revealed that only scores on performance-approach goals decreased significantly across the two learning conditions (t = 11.66, p < .001), suggesting students were less likely to focus on demonstrating competence relative to others during emergency distance education. However, individual differences were detected between high-achievers and low-achievers in terms of performance-approach goal endorsement during emergency distance education. More importantly, scores on mastery-approach goals did not significantly decrease (t = 1.75, p = .08), suggesting students’ intrinsic motivation remained constant during emergency distance education. While technology support did not positively predict mastery-approach goal endorsement during emergency distance education, student-perceived teacher support and physical learning environment were two significant predictors, implying the power of human connection in online learning during COVID-19.
NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT PROGNOSIS FOR LARYNGEAL CANCER BASED ON AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER STAGING AND T AND N INTEGER SCORE
Authors: Larizadeh Mohammad Hasan , Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami  , Eslami Hadi
Published: October 2024

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) system is the most acceptable staging method. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the survival rate of laryngeal cancer based on the AJCC and T and N integer scores (TANIS). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, from March 2004 to March 2021, laryngeal cancer patients who were considered for non-surgical treatment were included.Ù…Ø¹ÛŒØ§Ø±Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø®Ø±ÙˆØ¬: Ù…ØªØ§Ø³ØªØ§Ø²ØŒ Ø¹Ø¯Ù… ØªØ­Ù…Ù„ Ù¾Ø±ÙˆØªÚ©Ù„ Ù…Ø·Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ù‡ØŒ Ø¯Ø±Ù…Ø§Ù† Ù†Ø§Ù‚Øµ Ø¨Ù‡ Ù‡Ø± Ø¯Ù„ÛŒÙ„ ÛŒØ§ Ø¬Ø±Ø§Ø­ÛŒ Ù‚Ø¨Ù„ÛŒ Ø¶Ø§ÛŒØ¹Ù‡
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 Radiation alone was considered for T1-T2 lesions without nodal involvement. Sequential or concomitant chemoradiation (based on physician choice) was considered for locoregionally advanced patients (T3/T4 or node positive). The 2-year, 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox -Regression method was used for covariates analysis. Results: The 2-year, 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates in all patients were estimated to be 82%, 70% and 41%, respectively. The 2-year, 5-year and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates in all patients were estimated to be 78%, 59% and 41%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates for stages I, II, III, IVa, and IVb were 83, 84, 51, 12, and 19 percent, respectively. The 5-year OS rates for TANIS 1, 2, and 3 were 85, 62 and 53 percent, respectively. Based on multivariate analysis, the group stage (p=0.001), TANIS group (p=0.003) and tumour subsite. (p=0.006) were independently effective in survival rates. Conclusion: TANIS-3 can simply predict prognosis of non- surgically treated laryngeal cancers. The separation of different prognostic groups by TANIS is better than the AJCC system. More extensive studies are necessary to confirm this.
DOUBLE STAB EXCISION ARTERIOTOMY-A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR A BETTER OUTCOME
Authors: Uzair Ahmad  , Nauman Imtiaz  , Muhammad Irfan  , Qurat ul Ain  , Farid Ullah Khan  , Rizwan Khan
Published: October 2024

Background: This study was carried out to introduce a new technique of excision arteriotomy and to compare it with standard excision arteriotomy in terms of achieving desired size, shape and margins with minimal technical problems.  Methods: This was a comparative study carried out at the Vascular Surgery Unit of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar between January and September 2022. A total of 150 patients of chronic renal failure undergoing Arteriovenous access fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. The patients were randomized into two groups, 75 in each group: Group A consisted of patients who underwent Conventional excision arteriotomy and Group B underwent Double Stab excision Arteriotomy. The endpoint of the study was to achieve an appropriate arteriotomy of the desired size and shape by having regular margins without intimal dissection during its formation or otherwise inappropriate arteriotomy if any of the criteria is not met. Results: Among the total 150 patients included in our study, Ages ranged between 30-60 years and a mean age of 52.5 years. There were 82 (54.66%) males and 68 (45.33%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. In group A (Conventional Excision arteriotomy) there were 30 (40%) inappropriate arteriotomies and 45 (60%) appropriate arteriotomies. Among the total 30(40%) inappropriate arteriotomies in group A, larger than desired size arteriotomies were 10 cases (33.33%) followed by smaller than desired size arteriotomies; 6 (20%), irregular margins 9 (30%), intimal dissection 3(10%) & lateral tear 2 (6.66%) respectively. In group B of double stab excision arteriotomies, appropriate arteriotomies were achieved in 69 (92%) while the rest had inappropriate arteriotomies in 6 (8%). Among the total 6 (8%) inappropriate arteriotomies in group B, larger than desired size arteriotomies were 2 (33.33%), smaller than desired size arteriotomy; 1 (16.66%), irregular margins 1 (16.66%), intimal dissection; 2 (33.33%) & no lateral tear respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that the Double stab excision arteriotomy technique is superior to the conventional excision arteriotomy technique. The advantages of our technique are; its reliability with a short learning curve and can be performed precisely and safely.
TO DETERMINE THE FREQUENCY OF ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 2 (ALDH2) DEFICIENCY IN APLASTIC ANAEMIA: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Shamim Noor , Mehreen Ali Khan  , Raheel Iftikhar  , Zaineb Akram  , Hina Jamshaid  , Jahanzeb Rehman  , Qamar un Nisa Chaudhry  , Tariq Ghafoor
Published: October 2024

Background: Aplastic anaemia is a rare bone marrow failure syndrome and is defined by pancytopenia associated with a hypo-cellular bone marrow with no increase in reticulin and in the absence of any abnormal infiltrate. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase type 2 (ALDH2) deficiency in patients with Aplastic Anaemia and investigate its correlation with patient and disease characteristics. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre Rawalpindi from 01-08-2022-01-02-2023, over a period of 6 months. Methods: A total of 56 patients who were diagnosed with aplastic anaemia during this period, fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients were genotyped as GG (homozygous) and GA (heterozygous). GG had normal ALDH2, while GA were patients with ALDH2 deficiency. Data was collected on the patient's demographics, type and severity of anaemia, type of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and frequency of ALDH2 deficiency.  Results were analyzed for ALDH2 deficiency and its correlation with patient and disease characteristics was investigated. Results: A total of 56 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 28 years (20-39). According to the type of aplastic anaemia, 2 (3.6%) had Fanconi anaemia and 54 (96.4%) had acquired aplastic anaemia. In our study, 18 (32.1%) patients had undergone HSCT while the remaining 38 (67.9%) could not undergo HSCT. The frequency of the presence of ALDH2 deficiency was 2 (3.6%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of ALDH2 deficiency with variables like gender, age distribution, type of aplastic anaemia, the severity of aplastic anaemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Conclusion: We concluded from our study the frequency of ALDH2 was rare in patients with aplastic anaemia. There was no statistically significant co-relation between the frequency of ALDH2 deficiency with variables like gender, age distribution, type of aplastic anaemia, the severity of aplastic anaemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF FRACTURE SHAFT OF FEMUR IN CHILDREN TREATED WITH EARLY HIP SPICA
Authors: Asghar Khan  , Mubashir Hassan  , Babar Shahzad Sadiq
Published: October 2024

Background: Femoral shaft fractures in children are a significant concern. Early hip spica casting is a treatment modality, but its functional outcomes need thorough evaluation. The objective of the study is to assess the functional outcomes of early hip spica management for femoral shaft fractures in children up to 5 years. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital from 15 January 2022 to 26 December 2022. Sixty-two children diagnosed with femoral shaft fractures and treated with early hip spica were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were defined. Functional outcomes, including limb shortening, malunion, skin breakdown, foot drop, and compartment syndrome, were evaluated. Follow-ups were scheduled at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software package 25. Results: Of the 45 patients analyzed, 75.56% were males. The average age was 3.56 years. Most fractures were proximal (75.55%) and resulted from motor vehicle accidents (66.67%). Limb shortening was observed in 17.77% of patients, with no significant correlation with age or fracture type. Malunion was rare (1%), and no skin breakdown, foot drop, or compartment syndrome cases were reported. Conclusion: Early hip spica casting for femoral shaft fractures in children up to 5 years is associated with minimal complications. The findings can guide clinical decisions and patient counselling.
RESIDUAL LEVEL OF DELTAMETHRIN INDUCED GASTRITIS AND PREVENTIVE ROLE OF CURCUMIN ON STOMACH MUCOSA
Authors: Amna Halima  , Wajid Akbar  , Haider Ali  , Muhammad Junaid  , Imtiaz Humaira , Sumaira Javed
Published: October 2024

Background Benefits of Curcumin for health have been explained by different experimental models and clinical trials. It is a very potent antioxidant. Curcumin was found to play a preventive and curative role in both acute and chronic gastritis.  Deltamethrin is a useful pesticide when applied with caution to crops. However, it also has noxious effects on gastric mucosa once ingested with sprayed crops. Its maximum permissible limit, MRL (Maximum Residual Level) as pesticide food residues is 5mg/kg body weight as defined by WHO. However, there is still a potential to cause harm at these levels and may be a serious potential health hazard. The present study aimed to: (a) determine the prevalence and severity of gastritis induced by deltamethrin when administered at MRL doses and (b) To observe the preventive effect on gastric mucosa against the action of Deltamethrin present as a residual pesticide in different vegetables and fruits. Methods In this two-phase subacute toxicity study of seven weeks, forty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight subgroups. Control groups were kept on a normal diet and sesame oil. Out of the two treatment groups, one group was given deltamethrin (5mg/kg body weight) orally along with curcumin 100mg/kg body weight. The second group was first given deltamethrin (5mg/kg body weight) and curcumin (200mg/kg). All were culled at its end. The stomach samples were collected and processed to obtain histology slides for analysis via microscopy and micrometry. Grading was done to look for changes according to the Visual Analogue Scale and Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA). Results The experimental deltamethrin group when compared to control groups, revealed mild changes in stomach histomorphology while curcumin-treated both groups; Group D (100mg/kg) and Group E (200mg/kg) showed no changes. Conclusion Administration of Deltamethrin even in maximum residual dose (permissible) is proven to be toxic. Curcumin is hence proved to protect the gastric mucosa against the toxic effects of deltamethrin ingested in residual form.
PREDICTIVE POTENTIAL OF IL28B GENE IN HCV PATIENTS, RESISTANT TO DACLATASVIR AND SOFOSBUVIR IN KPK POPULATION
Authors: Sardar Sunya , Sardar Muhammad  , Mohsina Haq  , Najib ul Haq  , Khan Arbab Muhammad Kashif
Published: October 2024

Background:  Recently various combinations of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have been tried successfully. Sofosbuvir + Daclatasvir combination has been used with promising results. Recently, resistance has been noticed against DAAs. Therefore, polymorphism at particular sites in the interleukin 28B gene are under study to find possible association with resistance. This study was aimed at finding out any association of SNPs rs8099917 and rs12979860 (IL28B gene) with response and resistance to treatment in HCV genotype 3 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.  Methods: This cross sectional, Analytical study was conducted at Gastroenterology/hepatology OPD of Prime Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Medical College. Collected Samples were stored at -20o C in PCR Lab of the College. DNA extraction and genotyping was carried out at BJ Molecular Biology Lab in Rawalpindi. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Chi-Square Test was used to see the statistically significant differences between rs8099917 T/G and rs12979860 T/C model. Results: In the IL28-B gene, single nucleotide polymorphism at rs12979860 T/C model, we observed that there are 37.5% CC homozygous, 12.5% TT homozygous and 50% CT heterozygous genotypes in resistant patients and 42.85% CC homozygous, 28.57% TT and 28.57% CT genotype in responder group. In rs12979860 T/C model, genotype of IL28-B in the responder and resistant group significantly varies at p-value =0.00572. Conclusion: We conclude that in SNP at rs12979860, CC genotype is associated with clearance of HCV, while CT genotype was more prevalent in the resistant group and associated with chronicity.
PREVALANCE OF SECOND MESIOBUCCAL CANAL IN MAXILLARY SECOND MOLARS ON THE BASIS OF CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS
Authors: Akbar Iftikhar , Junaid Islam  , Abdul Majeed  , Rizwan Qureshi
Published: October 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary second molar in patients presenting to Peshawar Dental College and Hospital. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients advised for root canal treatment in the maxillary second molars participated in the study. Two detection procedures, clinical and radio graphical examination were used. Two pre-operative radiographs with different angulations and one post-operative radiograph were taken to examine roots and root canals. Access cavities were prepared and the second mesiobuccal canal was explored using magnifying dental loupes (3.5 x), endodontic explorer (DG16) and size 10 K-file. Descriptive statistics were recorded as percentages, frequencies and mean. The chi-square test was used for gender, age-wise comparison and right and left side of the maxillary jaw. Results: One hundred and twenty patients were recruited in the study. There were 65 (54.2%) males and 55 (45.8%) females. The second mesiobuccal canal was more common in males compared to females (p-value=0.434). The second mesiobuccal canal was most commonly found in 3rd decade with mean age, of 40.5±12.31, (p-value =0.51). The frequencies and percentages of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary second molars on the right and left side of the jaw were 70 (58.3%) and 50 (41.7%) respectively (p-value =0.310). Conclusion: The second mesiobuccal canal was found in less than half of the second molars. The most successful method of detection in this study was both clinical and radiographic.