bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrological response under CMIP6 climate projection in Astore River Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Zeshan , Iqbal Mudassar , Khan Ihsan Ullah , Masood Muhammad Umer , Umer Muhammad , Lodhi Muhammad Usama Khan , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman
Published: August 2023

Climate change strongly influences the available water resources in a watershed due to direct linkage of atmospheric driving forces and changes in watershed hydrological processes. Understanding how these climatic changes affect watershed hydrology is essential for human society and environmental processes. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset of three GCM’s (BCC-CSM2-MR, INM-CM5-0, and MPI-ESM1-2-HR) with resolution of 100 km has been analyzed to examine the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the Astore catchment during 2020–2070. Bias correction method was used to reduce errors. In this study, statistical significance of trends was performed by using the Man- Kendall test. Sen’s estimator determined the magnitude of the trend on both seasonal and annual scales at Rama Rattu and Astore stations. MPI-ESM1-2-HR showed better results with coefficient of determination (COD) ranging from 0.70–0.74 for precipitation and 0.90–0.92 for maximum and minimum temperature at Astore, Rama, and Rattu followed by INM-CM5-0 and BCC-CSM2-MR. University of British Columbia Watershed model was used to attain the future hydrological series and to analyze the hydrological response of Astore River Basin to climate change. Results revealed that by the end of the 2070s, average annual precipitation is projected to increase up to 26.55% under the SSP1–2.6, 6.91% under SSP2–4.5, and decrease up to 21.62% under the SSP5–8.5. Precipitation also showed considerable variability during summer and winter. The projected temperature showed an increasing trend that may cause melting of glaciers. The projected increase in temperature ranges from - 0.66°C to 0.50°C, 0.9°C to 1.5°C and 1.18°C to 2°C under the scenarios of SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5, respectively. Simulated streamflows presented a slight increase by all scenarios. Maximum streamflow was generated under SSP5–8.5 followed by SSP2–4.5 and SSP1–2.6. The snowmelt and groundwater contributions to streamflow have decreased whereas rainfall and glacier melt components have increased on the other hand. The projected streamflows (2020–2070) compared to the control period (1990–2014) showed a reduction of 3%–11%, 2%–9%, and 1%–7% by SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5, respectively. The results revealed detailed insights into the performance of three GCMs, which can serve as a blueprint for regional policymaking and be expanded upon to establish adaption measures.
1991–2020 climate normal in the European Alps: focus on high-elevation environments
Authors: Nigrelli Guido , Chiarle Marta
Published: August 2023

Alps are an important geographical area of the European continent and, in this area, temperature increase is most evident. However, the 1991–2020 climate normal in the Alps has still not been thoroughly investigated. Aiming to fill this gap with a focus on high-elevation environments, minimum and maximum daily air temperature acquired by 23 automatic weather station were used. The results show that the mean annual values of minimum and maximum temperature for the 1991–2020 climate normal in the Alps are −2.4°C and 4.4°C, respectively, with a warming rate of 0.5°C/10 years. The mean annual temperature comparison between 1961–1990 and 1971–2000, 1961–1990 and 1981–2010, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 climate normal show an increase of 0.3°C, 0.5°C and 0.9°C, respectively. The results also confirm that seasonal and annual temperatures are rising through the whole Alpine arc, mainly in summer and autumn. This work highlights that annual minimum and maximum temperature do not seem to be affected by a positive elevation-dependent warming. Instead, a positive elevation-dependent warming in the maximum values of the annual minimum temperature was found. If anthropogenic emissions maintain the trend of the last decades, the expected mean annual temperature of the 2001–2030 climate normal is −0.2°C, with an increase of 0.5°C if compared to the 1991–2020 climate normal and with an increase of 1.5°C if compared to the 1961–1990 climate normal. This study highlights the warming rate that is now present in the European Alps, provides indications on the warming rate that will occur in the coming years and highlights the importance of carrying out investigations that consider not only the last 30-year climate normal, but also the most recent 30-year climate normal by comparing them with each other.
Wear Mechanisms of Cold-Sprayed Stellite-6 During Reciprocated Dry Sliding Under Different Sliding Speeds
Authors: Magarò P. , Furgiuele F. , Maletta C. , Tului M. , Wood R. J. K.
Published: August 2023

Cobalt–chromium alloys are often employed in those environments that require reliable wear and friction properties. Cold Gas Dynamic Spray offers the opportunity to obtain good quality deposits of Stellite-6, that can be successfully used in harsh environments, where good surface performance, in terms of wear resistance, is required. It is also well-known that Stellite-6 is subjected to several physical changes at the interface during dry sliding, that are often related to the loading conditions. As a consequence, wear behavior of this alloy can undergo some variations that linear models are not able to capture, since micro-structural modifications occur during operation. To better understand the wear mechanisms of cold-sprayed Stellite-6 coatings together with the occurring physical phenomena, a systematic experimental study was performed, in fact, to date, no such in-depth tribological studies have been performed. Tests were conducted under combinations of two sliding speeds (0.1 and 0.5 m/s) and four contact pressure in the range of 2-5 MPa. In low-speed tests, abrasive wear is evident, where detachment and pull-out phenomena mainly affect the worn surface of coatings. On the other hand, subsurface cracking was observed in high-speed tests, as well as evidence of plastic deformation on the wear surface. These results suggest that observed wear mechanisms are more likely a consequence of adhesive wear. Unique to this study, the cross-sectional nano-indentation tests showed how the stiffness of the coating, near to wear interface, increases significantly in the case of the lowest value of sliding speed (i.e., v = 0.1 m/s), whereas tends to decrease at high speeds, i.e., v = 0.5 m/s, as a consequence of the formation of subsurface cracks into the coating.
Health risk assessment of indoor and outdoor PM2.5-bound metal(loid)s in three residential areas downwind of an active ferromanganese smelter
Authors: Mbazima Setlamorago Jackson
Published: August 2023

Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples were collected in three residential areas near a ferromanganese smelter using GilAir300 plus at 2.75 L/min, and the elemental composition was analysed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. A health risk assessment was conducted to determine the probability of developing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects for four age groups. The hazard quotient (HQ) for manganese was >1 both indoors and outdoors for the four age groups in all residential areas, indicating a risk of developing non-carcinogenic health effects. The HQs of Cr (VI) displayed a similar trend for all age groups; it was >1 in all residential areas except for outdoor environments at New Sicelo. The highest HQ (25.6) was found indoors at Old Sicelo for the 21–35 age group whereas the minimum (8.3) was found indoors at Noldick for the 36–65+ age group. When using the overall concentrations, the HQ was >1 only for Mn and the highest values were recorded at Noldick. The cancer risks for chromium (VI), cobalt, and cadmium were above the upper limit of 1 × 10−4 and the lower limit of 1 × 10−6 when considering indoor and outdoor concentrations. When considering the overall concentrations, the cancer risk for cobalt was >1 × 10−6 and that of chromium (VI) was >1 × 10−4. Urgent intervention is required, particularly given the negative health effects associated with Mn exposure.

Graphical abstract
Simulation Evidence of Trust Calibration: Using POMDP with Signal Detection Theory to Adapt Agent Features for Optimised Task Outcome During Human-Agent Collaboration
Authors: Herse Sarita , Vitale Jonathan , Williams Mary-Anne
Published: August 2023

Appropriately calibrated human trust is essential for successful Human-Agent collaboration. Probabilistic frameworks using a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) have been previously employed to model the trust dynamics of human behavior, optimising the outcomes of a task completed with a collaborative recommender system. A POMDP model utilising signal detection theory to account for latent user trust is presented, with the model working to calibrate user trust via the implementation of three distinct agent features: disclaimer message, request for additional information, and no additional feature. A simulation experiment is run to investigate the efficacy of the proposed POMDP model compared against a random feature model and a control model. Evidence demonstrates that the proposed POMDP model can appropriately adapt agent features in-task based on human trust belief estimates in order to achieve trust calibration. Specifically, task accuracy is highest with the POMDP model, followed by the control and then the random model. This emphasises the importance of trust calibration, as agents that lack considered design to implement features in an appropriate way can be more detrimental to task outcome compared to an agent with no additional features.
Surgicberta: a pre-trained language model for procedural surgical language
Authors: Bombieri Marco , Rospocher Marco , Ponzetto Simone Paolo , Fiorini Paolo
Published: August 2023

Pre-trained language models are now ubiquitous in natural language processing, being successfully applied for many different tasks and in several real-world applications. However, even though there is a wealth of high-quality written materials on surgery, and the scientific community has shown a growing interest in the application of natural language processing techniques in surgery, a pre-trained language model specific to the surgical domain is still missing. The creation and public release of such a model would serve numerous useful clinical applications. For example, it could enhance existing surgical knowledge bases employed for task automation, or assist medical students in summarizing complex surgical descriptions. For this reason, in this paper, we introduceSurgicBERTa, a pre-trained language model specific for the English surgical language, i.e., the language used in the surgical domain.SurgicBERTahas been obtained fromRoBERTathrough continued pre-training with the Masked language modeling objective on 300 k sentences taken from English surgical books and papers, for a total of 7 million words. By publicly releasingSurgicBERTa, we make available a resource built from the content collected in many high-quality surgical books, online textual resources, and academic papers. We performed several assessments in order to evaluateSurgicBERTa, comparing it with the general domainRoBERTa. First, we intrinsically assessed the model in terms of perplexity, accuracy, and evaluation loss resulting from the continual training according to the masked language modeling task. Then, we extrinsically evaluatedSurgicBERTaon several downstream tasks, namely (i) procedural sentence detection, (ii) procedural knowledge extraction, (iii) ontological information discovery, and (iv) surgical terminology acquisition. Finally, we conducted some qualitative analysis onSurgicBERTa, showing that it contains a lot of surgical knowledge that could be useful to enrich existing state-of-the-art surgical knowledge bases or to extract surgical knowledge. All the assessments show thatSurgicBERTabetter deals with surgical language than a general-purpose pre-trained language model such asRoBERTa, and therefore can be effectively exploited in many computer-assisted applications in the surgical domain.
»Was willst du Hund?!« Missverstehen und diskursive Deutungsthematisierungen im Kontext von Mensch-Tier-Interaktionen
Authors: Rettig Heike
Published: August 2023

Im folgenden Beitrag soll es darum gehen, wie im nicht-fachlichen Diskurs Deutungsunsicherheiten, die in alltäglichen Pferd-Mensch- und Hund-Mensch-Interaktionen erlebt werden – und die von Menschen häufig explizit als ›Missverständnis‹ benannt werden – thematisiert und bearbeitet werden. Die auf empirischer Basis herausgearbeitete diskursive Praktik des ›Deutungskompetenz-Vermittelns‹ rahmt dabei interspezifische Interaktionssituationen als potenziell mehrdeutig und problematisch und bietet Deutungsmöglichkeiten und Erklärungsmaximen an. In der Thematisierung des Missverstehens sedimentieren sich Interaktionserfahrung und Wissen um Dimensionen der Deutung in der Interspezies-Interaktion.
Development and Evaluation of a Relational Agent to Assist with Screening and Intervention for Unhealthy Drinking in Primary Care
Authors: Brady Julianne E. , Livingston Nicholas A. , Sawdy Molly , Yeksigian Kate , Zhou Shuo , Bickmore Timothy W. , Simon Steven R. , Rubin Amy
Published: August 2023

Screening, brief intervention, and referral for alcohol misuse during primary care appointments is recommended to address high rates of unhealthy alcohol use. However, implementation of screening and referral practices into primary care remains difficult. Computerized Relational Agents programmed to provide alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral can effectively reduce the burden on clinical staff by increasing screening practices. As part of a larger clinical trial, we aimed to solicit input from patients about the design and development of a Relational Agent for alcohol brief intervention. We also solicited input from patients who interacted with the implemented version of the Relational Agent intervention after they finished the trial. A two-part development and evaluation study was conducted. To begin, a user-centered design approach was used to customize the intervention for the population served. A total of 19 participants shared their preferences on the appearance, setting, and preferences of multiple Relational Agents through semi-structured interviews. Following the completion of the study one interviews, a Relational Agent was chosen and refined for use in the intervention. In study two, twenty participants who participated in the clinical trial intervention were invited back to participate in a semi-structured interview to provide feedback about their experiences in interacting with the intervention. Study one results showed that participants preferred a female Relational Agent located in an office-like setting, but the mechanical and still movements of the Relational agent decreased feelings of authenticity and human trustworthiness for participants. After refinements to the Relational Agent, post-intervention results in study two showed that participants (n = 17, 89%) felt comfortable interacting and discussing their drinking habits with the Relational Agent and participants (n = 10, 53%) believed that the intervention had a positive impact on the way participants thought about drinking or on their actual drinking habits. Despite variability in the preferences of participants during the development stage of the intervention, incorporating the feedback of participants during the design process resulted in optimized comfort levels for individuals interacting with the Relational Agent. clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02030288, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home
Assessing seismic mitigation schemes of tuned mass dampers for monopile offshore wind turbine including pile–soil–structure interaction
Authors: Kontoni Denise-Penelope N. , Farghaly Ahmed Abdelraheem
Published: August 2023

The study of a monopile offshore wind turbine with the soil–structure interaction effect is most challenging in structural design under multiple hazards, i.e., the combined wind, sea wave, and earthquake excitations. Different arrangements of passive tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were used to mitigate the service and seismic loads affecting an offshore wind turbine (OWT) including the pile–soil–structure interaction (PSSI) effect. Different schemes of passive TMDs, placed at the top of the OWT tower or also at the center of gravity (CG) of the OWT tower or at the connection between the OWT tower and monopile, were tested. Various arrangements of TMDs including the proposed herein top radial TMDs arrangements have been investigated to determine their validity in resisting vibrations resulting from service and earthquake loads. The lateral displacements, shear forces and bending moments in both horizontal directions and the axial forces all over the OWT tower and monopile heights were recorded to compare the performance of each mitigation scheme of TMDs. The comparison results showed that the TMDs placement should be at the top of the OWT tower and the top radial 6 TMDs arrangement was found to be the most effective mitigation scheme for all straining actions in the tower and the monopile of the OWT subjected to service and earthquake loads.
Environmental standards and beneficial uses of waste-to-energy (WTE) residues in civil engineering applications
Authors: Tian Yixi , Dai Shengwei , Wang Jianfeng
Published: August 2023

The waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies are now recovering energy and materials from over 300 million tonnes of municipal solid wastes worldwide. Extensive studies have investigated substituting natural construction materials with WTE residues to relieve the environmental cost of natural resource depletion. This study examined the beneficial uses of WTE residues in civil engineering applications and the corresponding environmental standards in Europe, the U.S., and China. This review presents the opportunities and challenges for current technical approaches and the environmental standards to be met to stabilize WTE residues. The principal characteristics of WTE residues (bottom ash and fly ash) and the possible solutions for their beneficial use in developed and developing countries are summarized. The leaching procedures and environmental standards for pH, heavy metals, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) are compared. The current practice and engineering properties of materials using WTE residues, including mixtures with stone aggregate or sand, cement-based or hot-mix asphalt concrete (pavement), fill material in the embankments, substitute of Portland cement or clinker production, and ceramic-based materials (bricks and lightweight aggregate) are comprehensively reviewed.

Graphical abstract
The Social Value of Leadership: a Contribution from the Leadership Efficacy Model
Authors: Gomes A. Rui
Published: August 2023

Leadership can have a profound and hopefully positive impact on followers, representing a central topic in social and behavioral sciences. However, leadership can also lead to negative consequences in some situations. It is yet unclear how to determine the conditions for a negative versus a positive leadership. In this paper, it is proposed that leadership should assume a social value in order to represent a useful phenomenon for all individuals involved in the leadership process. Specifically, social value is defined as the respect of collective values and ethical standards of the surrounding context, and respect of legitimate expectations and needs of individuals involved in the leadership activity. Thus, it is important to note that, based on this concept of social value, leadership is conceptualized as a process of influence between leaders and followers based on common and positive ideals that will have the potential to produce relevant changes for all involved. This work debates the social value of leadership, according to the leadership efficacy model that proposes that three dimensions are involved in the impact produced by leadership: leadership cycles, leadership styles, and antecedent factors of leadership. Some examples are provided about how the model can reinforce the social value of leadership, along with some preliminary data about the model. This work concludes with a debate about the nine principles of leadership that increase the chances of leaders producing desirable effects in others.
Solvation-enhanced electrolyte on layered oxide cathode tailoring even and stable CEI for durable sodium storage
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Jiyu , Hua Weibo , Wen Longfei , Tang Guochuan , Wang Xin , Ma Cunshuang , Chen Weihua
Published: August 2023

Layered transition-metal oxide materials are ideal cathode candidates for sodium-ion batteries due to high specific energy, yet suffer severe interfacial instability and capacity fading owing to strongly nucleophilic surface. In this work, the interfacial stability of layered NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode was effectively enhanced by electrolyte optimization. And the interfacial chemistry between the cathode and four widely used electrolytes (EC/DMC, EC/EMC, EC/DEC and EC/PC) was elucidated through experiments and theoretical calculations. The Na+ solvation structures at cathode-electrolyte interface in all four electrolytes exhibited enhanced coordination due to high electron density and strong nucleophilicity of oxide surface, which promoted the electrolytes’ decomposition with decreased oxidation stability. Among them, the EC/DMC electrolyte showed the tightest solvation structure due to smaller molecular chains and stable electrochemistry, which derived an even and robust cathode electrolyte interphase. It effectively protected the cathode and facilitated the reversible Na+ transport during long cycles, enabling the batteries with a high capacity retention of 83.3% after 300 cycles. This work provides new insights into the role of electrode surface characteristics in interface chemistry that can guide the design of advanced electrode and electrolyte materials for rechargeable batteries.
Who uses technology to socialize? Evidence from older Canadian adults
Authors: DeJohn Amber D. , Widener Michael J. , Mihailidis Alex
Published: August 2023

Socializing is understood to be important for mental and physical health, especially in later life. Technology-mediated socializing may be just as beneficial, but older adults are less likely to adopt social technologies than younger cohorts. Using time use data from the Canadian General Social Survey collected in 2015–2016, the older adult population (65 +) is clustered into ‘tech socializers,’ ‘common socializers,’ and ‘in-person socializers’ using a k-means algorithm. We employ multinomial logistic regression to assess explanatory relationships for the assigned mode of socializing. Model results demonstrate that older adults with disabilities have lower odds of being in-person socializers and higher odds of being tech socializers. Older adults are also more likely to be in-person socializers in the summer and autumn months, but we observe no seasonal relationships for tech socializers. More research with longitudinal time-use data and more discrete conceptualizations of disability is needed to understand opportunities to bolster older adults’ socializing habits.
Food security strategy to enhance food self-sufficiency and overcome international food supply chain crisis: the state of Qatar as a case study
Authors: Amhamed Abdulkarem , Genidi Nourhan , Abotaleb Ahmed , Sodiq Ahmed , Abdullatif Yasser , Hushari Mouhamed , Al-Kuwari Mohammad
Published: August 2023

The food security challenge continues to be one of the main issues that currently face the world despite improved economic development in many countries. The challenge is particularly unique in one of the world’s arid regions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). This paper analyses the food security strategies of Qatar (one of the six countries that make up the GCC), especially since 2017 when the blockade of the country by its neighbors began. Qatar’s current food sufficiency was made possible by the country’s swift and profound changes in its food production strategies to ensure food security for its population. In order to provide locally sourced foods to the population, private and public initiatives were activated to support small farmers to distribute and supply their farm produce to local markets. The results show that Qatar has shifted from importing some food commodities to locally producing a high proportion of its foods to the extent of becoming an exporter of some farm produce. However, this increase in the local food production was achieved at the cost of depleting the local groundwater at a rate higher than the natural recharge. This paper thus critically assesses the specific situation of food security in Qatar that could be used as an example for other countries aiming to strengthen their food security, especially during transnational crises when international food supply chains suffer from unavoidable disruption (e.g., COVID-19 crisis).
Spatial transcriptomics in human biomedical research and clinical application
Authors: Hu Weining , Zhang Yin , Mei Junpu , Fang Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

Over the past 15 years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, in combination with other omics, has revealed the mechanisms of human development, tumors, and complex diseases at the genome, transcriptome, and proteome levels. However, this approach fails to directly reflect relevant spatial information, such as cell location and interactions. This limitation has been addressed with the advancement of the combination of high-resolution scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics (ST), which enables the identification of cell composition, intercellular and intermolecular interaction, and unravels the mechanisms of disease phenotypes. This review explores two types of ST - imaging-based ST (iST) and sequencing-based ST (sST) - and demonstrates how ST analysis can follow disease pathogenesis in a spatiotemporal manner, searching for disease-specific biomarkers. ST technology is an effective tool for resolving major biomedical and clinical problems, including tumor research, brain science, embryonic development, organ atlas construction and other pathological analysis. Looking towards the future, despite its limitations, ST has the potential to address these problems in conjunction with “dynamics, multi-omics, and resolution”. Ultimately, the development of ST technology, improvement of algorithms, utilization of deep learning, and refinement of the analysis process and interpretation will determine the key to transforming ST from bench to bedside.
Recognizing Beehives’ Health Abnormalities Based on Mobile Net Deep Learning Model
Authors: Torky Mohamed , Nasr Aida A. , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: August 2023

Monitoring beehive health is a major area of interest within the field of honeybee economy. Ensuring beehives are free of problems such as Varroa destructors and hive beetles, ant problems, and missing queen represents an important challenge in the honeybee industry. Therefore, it is mandatory to have untraditional ways to diagnose these types of honeybee attacks. Artificial Intelligence (AI), computer vision, and the Internet of Things (IoT) can be integrated to develop smart systems for developing warning, prediction, and recognition systems to analyze beehives' health impacts, and conditions as well as monitor bees' behaviors and the environmental conditions inside/outside beehives. In this paper, a deep learning methodology is proposed to recognize the beehives' health abnormalities, Varroa destructors, hive beetles, ant problems, and missing queens. A novel version of the MobileNet model is developed by modifying the front layers of the mobile net model for performing the features selection phase. Three optimization algorithms are utilized and tested on a benchmark dataset of beehives, Adam optimizer, Nesterov-accelerated Adam (Nadam) optimizer, and Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for selecting the most important features to recognize the three beehive health abnormalities. The implementation and validation results proved the efficiency of the Mobile Net using Adam optimizer in classifying beehives according to the three beehive health abnormalities (Varroa destructor and hive beetles, ant problems, and missing queen) where the model achieved testing accuracy of 95% and testing loss of 35%. In addition, the validation and comparison results confirmed the superiority of Mobile Net using ADAM optimizer in recognizing beehive health abnormalities compared to four deep learning models, Shuffle Net, Resent 50, VGG-19, and Google Net.
Two-Stream Xception Structure Based on Feature Fusion for DeepFake Detection
Authors: Wang Bin , Huang Liqing , Huang Tianqiang , Ye Feng
Published: August 2023

DeepFake may have a crucial impact on people’s lives and reduce the trust in digital media, so DeepFake detection methods have developed rapidly. Most existing detection methods rely on single-space features (mostly RGB features), and there is still relatively little research on multi-space feature fusion. At the same time, a lot of existing methods used a single receptive field, which leads to models that cannot extract information of different scales. In order to solve the above problems, we propose a two-stream Xception network structure (Tception) that fused RGB spatial feature and noise-space feature. This network structure consists of two main parts. The first part is a feature fusion module, which can adaptively fuse RGB feature and noise-space feature generated by RGB images through SRM filters. The second part is the two-stream network structure, which utilizes a parallel structure of convolutional kernels of different sizes allowing the network to learn features of different scales. The experiments show that the proposed method improves performance compared to the Xception network. Compared to SSTNet, the detection accuracy of the Neural Textures is improved by nearly 8%.
„Wenn ein Unterhaltungsunternehmen Ihre Weiterbildung organisieren würde“ – die 4 P des Marketings und Train-the-Trainer-Seminare
Authors: Wild D. , Bischoff M. , Dehnen D. , Rau A. , van de Loo R. , Wolf H. , Sonntag U.
Published: August 2023

Zielsetzung

Im Rahmen der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin im September 2022 in Greifswald wurde ein Workshop zum Marketing von Train-the-Trainer-Seminaren (TtT-Seminare) für die Weiterbildung Allgemeinmedizin angeboten. Inhaltlich stand hierbei die Übertragung erfolgreicher Marketingstrategien von großen amerikanischen Unterhaltungsunternehmen – das so genannte 4P-Modell des Marketings – auf die Bewerbung von TtT-Seminaren der Kompetenzzentren Weiterbildung (KW) Allgemeinmedizin im Fokus.

Methodik

In einem moderierten World-Café wurden anhand des 4P-Modells des Marketings Ideen und Best-Practice-Beispiele zur Vermarktung der TtT-Seminare gesammelt. Den Workshop leiteten sechs Mitarbeiterinnen aus sechs Kompetenzzentren Weiterbildung, und sieben Personen nahmen daran teil. Nach Systematisierung der Ergebnisse erfolgte deren Zuordnung in die Kategorien des 4P-Modells mittels Konsensverfahrens durch die Autorinnen.

Ergebnisse

Zu allen vier Kategorien des 4P-Modells – Produkt, Platz, Preis, Promotion – wurden Beispiele gesammelt. Insbesondere die Herausarbeitung des Markenkerns von TtT-Seminaren, die Kommunikation des Markenversprechens und die Umsetzung attraktivitätssteigernder Marketingstrategien waren zentrale Ergebnisse des Austauschs.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Anwendung eines fachfremden Blicks ermöglicht den KW einen gewinnbringenden Perspektivwechsel bezüglich der Vermarktung der TtT-Seminare.
Determination of BVOCs based on high time-resolved measurements in urban and forest areas in Japan
Authors: Ichikawa Yujiro , Nojiri Kiyoshi , Sasaka Kouki
Published: August 2023

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) with high photochemical activity and short atmospheric lifetimes are major contributors to tropospheric ozone and other photochemical air pollution. Although several studies have been conducted on BVOC emissions in Japan, no comprehensive observations have been made to determine the actual state of BVOCs in the atmosphere. Therefore, we conducted time-resolved measurements of atmospheric BVOCs in urban and forested areas throughout the year. The concentrations of BVOCs were higher in summer than in the other seasons. Isoprene concentrations were higher during hours with higher temperatures and solar radiation. However, there were also months and times of the year when monoterpenes showed high concentrations, which indicates that the behavior of the BVOC components differed depending on the time of the year. The results of the propylene equivalent concentration indicated that BVOCs considerably contributed to tropospheric ozone production. The year-long observations of BVOCs in this study contribute to our understanding of the actual status of atmospheric BVOC concentrations and components and the uncertainty in the calculation results of chemical transport models.
Natural Kinds
Authors: Khalidi Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2023

Scientists cannot devise theories, construct models, propose explanations, make predictions, or even carry out observations, without first classifying their subject matter. The goal of scientific taxonomy is to come up with classification schemes that conform to nature's own. Another way of putting this is that science aims to devise categories that correspond to 'natural kinds.' The interest in ascertaining the real kinds of things in nature is as old as philosophy itself, but it takes on a different guise when one adopts a naturalist stance in philosophy, that is when one looks closely at scientific practice and takes it as a guide for identifying natural kinds and investigating their general features. This Element surveys existing philosophical accounts of natural kinds, defends a naturalist alternative, and applies it to case studies in a diverse set of sciences. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Alarums and Excursions
Authors: van Middelaar Luuk
Published: August 2023

Crisis after crisis has beset the European Union in recent years - Greek sovereign debt, Russian annexation of Crimea, unprecedented levels of migration, and the turmoil created by Brexit. An organization originally designed to regulate and enforce rules about fishing rights, wheat quotas and product standards has found itself on the global stage forced to grapple with problems of identity, sovereignty and solidarity without a script or prompt. From Paris to Berlin, London to Athens, European leaders have had to improvise on issues that the Union was never set up to handle and which threaten to engulf this unique political entity. And they have had to do so in full view of an increasingly disenchanted and dissonant public audience.

In this candid and revealing portrayal of a Europe improvising its way through a politics of events and not rules, Luuk van Middelaar makes sense of the EU's political metamorphosis over its past ten years of crisis management. Forced into action by a tidal wave of emergencies, Van Middelaar shows how Europe has had to reinvent itself by casting off its legal straitjacket and confronting hard issues of power, territorial borders and public authority.

Alarums and Excursions showcases the fascinating relationship between the Union and the European heads of government, and the stresses it must withstand in dealing with real world events. For anyone seeking to understand the inner power play and constitutional dynamics of this controversial, but no less remarkable, political institution, this book provides compelling reading.
Adolescent pursuit of health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic: The roles played by eHealth literacy and psychological distress
Authors: Chang Fong-Ching , Chang Chingching , Tao Chen-Chao
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 has led to an increase in mental health problems for adolescents. In this study, we examined the factors related to the eHealth literacy of adolescents and how that impacted their pursuit of health information and mental health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data from the 2020 Taiwan Communication Survey, which involved a total of 1,250 national representative adolescents who completed an online questionnaire. The results showed that two-thirds of adolescents reported searching for health information online, and about half of them reported searching for mental health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate analysis results indicated that adolescents who spent more time learning online, had higher levels of bonding social capital and self-determination, and had higher levels of parental active internet mediation were more likely to have higher levels of eHealth literacy. In addition, multivariate analysis results showed that adolescents who had higher levels of eHealth literacy and had higher depression and anxiety were more likely to seek health information and mental health information online. In conclusion, the levels of eHealth literacy and psychological distress of adolescents played a crucial role in their pursuit of health information and mental health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mergenova Gaukhar , Rosenthal Susan L. , Myrkassymova Akbope , Bukharbayeva Assel , Iskakova Balnur , Izekenova Aigulsum , Izekenova Assel , Alekesheva Lyailya , Yerdenova Maral , Karibayev Kuanysh , Zhussupov Baurzhan , Alimbekova Gulzhan , Davis Alissa
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on mental health. We examined factors associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan. We surveyed 991 adults in Kazakhstan in July 2021 using multistage stratified sampling. Depression and anxiety were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. We conducted logistic regression to assess associations between depression and anxiety and sociobehavioral factors. Overall, 12.01% reported depressive symptoms and 8.38% anxiety. Higher likelihood of depression was associated with being female (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI [1.05, 2.55]), having experience with COVID-19 in the social environment (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI [1.1–3.14]), experiencing food insecurity (AOR: 1.80; 95% CI [1.11–2.89]), increased family conflict (AOR: 2.43; 95% CI [1.32–4.48]) and impaired healthcare access (AOR: 2.41; 95% CI [1.32–4.41]). Higher likelihood of anxiety was associated with being female (AOR: 3.43; 95% CI [1.91–6.15]), increased family conflict (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI [1.11–4.44]) and impaired healthcare access (AOR: 2.63; 95% CI [1.36–5.12]). Multiple factors were associated with mental health in Kazakhstan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which these factors and their associated mental health outcomes may persist.
The role of ChatGPT in enhancing ENT surgical training – a trainees’ perspective
Authors: Brennan Laura , Balakumar Ramkishan , Bennett Warren
Published: August 2023

Objective

ChatGPT, developed by Open AI (November 2022) is a powerful artificial intelligence language model, designed to produce human-like text from user-written prompts. Prompts must give context-specific information to produce valuable responses. Otolaryngology is a specialist field that sees limited exposure during undergraduate and postgraduate education. Additionally, otolaryngology trainees have seen a reduction in learning opportunities since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Method

This article aims to give guidance on optimising the ChatGPT system in the context of education for otolaryngology by reviewing barriers to otolaryngology education and suggesting ways that ChatGPT can overcome them by providing examples using the authors’ experience.

Results

Overall, the authors saw that ChatGPT demonstrated some useful qualities, particularly with regards to assistance with communication skills and individualised patient responses.

Conclusion

Although ChatGPT cannot replace traditional mentorship and practical surgical experience, it can serve as an invaluable supplementary resource to education in otolaryngology.
Development of somatic embryogenesis of mangrove fan palm (Licuala spinosa Thunb.) from culturing immature zygotic embryo
Authors: Heedchim Waraporn , Niha Chakriya , Yenchon Sureerat , Te-chato Sompong
Published: August 2023

Mangrove fan palm is an endemic plant that grows well and has for a long period been related to traditional ceremonies in southern Thailand. It is an endangered plant with a slow growth and is difficult to propagate in mass production. Tissue culture technique can be used to produce a large number of plants within a short time and to preserve in vitro germplasm resulting in the plant not becoming extinct from natural habitats. Thus, the objectives of this research were to study effects of auxins and embryo preparation on somatic embryogenesis. The sterile immature zygotic embryo was cultured on MS medium with different types and concentrations of auxins. The results showed that 1 mg/l dicamba gave the best results in callus induction at 100% and callus diameter at 4.67 mm after 8 weeks of culture. For callus proliferation, callus chopped at 100 times and transferred to 0.1 mg/l dicamba containing oil palm culture medium gave the highest callus diameter at 10.33 mm after 4 weeks of culture and somatic embryos were also produced. Upon transferring somatic embryos to MS medium with 0.2 M sorbitol, a large number of various developmental stages of secondary somatic embryos were induced within 4 weeks. Therefore, the finding of this study could be highlighted that dicamba and chopping callus have an important role to induce callus and somatic embryo. This is the first report achieved on in vitro propagation of this plant and it will be beneficial for genetic conservation and biotechnological applications in the future.
Rapid orbital precession of the eclipsing binary HS Hydrae
Authors: Matekov A. M. , Hojaev A. S.
Published: August 2023

We investigated the evolution of HS Hya system’s inclination based on analysis of its light curves in the period 1964–2021. HS Hya is EA type eclipsing binary star, belonging to separate group with changing orbital inclination. We used our recent observations as well as the data from sky surveys.
Signatures of wind formation in optical spectra of precursors of planetary nebulae
Authors: Puķītis Kārlis , Začs Laimons
Published: August 2023

Generally it is thought that shaping of planetary nebula from initially spherical envelope of asymptotic giant branch stars into non-spherical morphologies is a consequence of binary interactions. However, post asymptotic giant branch stars HD 235858 and HD 161796 seem to be at odds with this idea and perhaps the non-spherical nebulae surrounding them arose from intrinsic change in the nature of the stellar wind which is poorly understood for this evolutionary phase. Spectroscopic monitoring of these two stars has revealed signatures in the spectra that point to variable outflow. This indicates the prospect of spectroscopic monitoring to advance the knowledge of wind launching mechanism in post asymptotic giant branch stars and other dynamical processes in their extended atmospheres.
Solar Wind and Hydrologic Cycle
Authors: Leng Xuguang
Published: August 2023

The solar hydrologic cycle is the process of comets delivering water and gasses to the planets by collision, and solar wind stripping water and gasses from the planets and delivering them back to the Kuiper Belt. This new theory of solar hydrologic cycle provides that the solar hydrologic cycle is the continuation of planetary formation, and the cause of outer planets becoming gas giants, inner planets staying small rocks.
Role of Longitudinal Waves in Alfvén-wave-driven Solar/Stellar Wind
Authors: Shimizu Kimihiko , Shoda Munehito , Suzuki Takeru K.
Published: August 2023

We study the role the the p-mode-like vertical oscillation on the photosphere in driving solar winds in the framework of Alfvén-wave-driven winds. By performing one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations from the photosphere to the interplanetary space, we discover that the mass-loss rate is raised up to ≈ 4 times as the amplitude of longitudinal perturbations at the photosphere increases. When the longitudinal fluctuation is added, transverse waves are generated by the mode conversion from longitudinal waves in the chromosphere, which increases Alfvénic Poynting flux in the corona. As a result, the coronal heating is enhanced to yield higher coronal density by the chromospheric evaporation, leading to the increase of the mass-loss rate. Our findings clearly show the importance of the p-mode oscillation in the photosphere and the mode conversion in the chromosphere in determining the basic properties of the wind from the sun and solar-type stars.
Gap opening by planets in discs with magnetised winds
Authors: Elbakyan Vardan , Wu Yinhao , Nayakshin Sergei , Rosotti Giovanni
Published: August 2023

Planets open deep gaps in protoplanetary discs when their mass exceeds a gap opening mass, Mgap. We use one- and two-dimensional simulations to study planet gap opening in discs with angular momentum transport powered by MHD disc winds. We parameterise the efficiency of the MHD disc wind angular momentum transport through a dimensionless parameter αdw, which is an analogue to the turbulent viscosity αv. We find that magnetised winds are much less efficient in counteracting planet tidal torques than turbulence is. For discs with astrophysically realistic values of αdw, Mgap is always determined by the residual disc turbulence, and is a factor of a few to ten smaller than usually obtained for viscous discs. We introduce a gap opening criterion applicable for any values of αv and αdw that may be useful for planet formation population synthesis.
Quantification of the environment of cool stars using numerical simulations
Authors: Chebly J. J. , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Poppenhaeger Katja
Published: August 2023

Stars interact with their planets through gravitation, radiation, and magnetic fields. Although magnetic activity decreases with time, reducing associated high-energy (e.g., coronal XUV emission, flares), stellar winds persist throughout the entire evolution of the system. Their cumulative effect will be dominant for both the star and for possible orbiting exoplanets, affecting in this way the expected habitability conditions. However, observations of stellar winds in low-mass main sequence stars are limited, which motivates the usage of models as a pathway to explore how these winds look like and how they behave. Here we present the results from a grid of 3D state-of-the-art stellar wind models for cool stars (spectral types F to M). We explore the role played by the different stellar properties (mass, radius, rotation, magnetic field) on the characteristics of the resulting magnetized winds (mass and angular momentum losses, terminal speeds, wind topology) and isolate the most important dependencies between the parameters involved. These results will be used to establish scaling laws that will complement the lack of stellar wind observational constraints.
Evolution equations of the multi-planetary problem with variable masses
Authors: Kosherbayeva A.B. , Minglibayev M.Zh
Published: August 2023

We investigated the influence of the variability of the masses of planets and the parent star on the dynamic evolution of n planetary systems, considering that the masses of bodies change isotropically with different rates. The methods of canonical perturbation theory, which developed on the basis of aperiodic motion over a quasi-conical cross section and methods of computer algebra were used. 4n evolutionary equations were obtained in analogues of Poincare elements. As an example, the evolutionary equations of the three-planet exosystem K2 − 3 were obtained explicitly, which is a system of 12 linear non-autonomous differential equations. Further, the evolutionary equations will be investigated numerically.