bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using 19F NMR and two‐level factorial design to explore thiol‐fluoride substitution in hexafluorobenzene and its application in peptide stapling and cyclisation
Authors: Dognini Paolo , Killoran Patrick M. , Hanson George S. , Halsall Lewis , Chaudhry Talhat , Islam Zasharatul , Giuntini Francesca , Coxon Christopher R.
Published: July 2020

Hexafluorobenzene undergoes 1,4‐selective thiol‐fluoride disubstitution and is an attractive disulfide crosslinking reagent for peptide cyclisation and stapling. Little attention has been directed toward understanding the scope of this reaction. Traditional reaction optimisation relies on a one‐variable‐at‐a‐time approach, which can exclude important combined effects of reaction variables. This study initially explored base and solvent effects to inform a subsequent two‐level factorial design approach to understand how to control the reactivity and product selectivity in a model reaction of hexafluorobenzene. We describe new conditions that selectively afford higher order substitution products for example, 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstitution, making hexafluorobenzene a possible suitable scaffold for future branched or multicyclic peptide systems. Moreover, our new conditions provide an improved rapid (<1 minute) and selective peptide disulfide stapling and cyclisation approach under peptide‐compatible conditions.
Mechanistic and kinetics study on the reaction of CF3CBrCH2 with OH: A theoretical study
Authors: Zhang Yunju , Sun Yuxi
Published: July 2020

Quantum chemical method (CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ//M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p)) is employed to research the CF3CBrCH2 + OH reaction. The results indicate that the reaction takes place through the interaction of the oxygen atom of the OH radical with the middle C and terminal C atom of CF3CBrCH2 generating adduct IM1 (CF3CBrCH2OH) and IM2 (CF3CBrOHCH2), respectively, and then further dissociation or rearrangement to many products. The rate constants have been computed at 10−10 to 1010 Torr and 200–3000 K by RRKM theory for various product pathways. The results show that at 200–800 K, the rate constant for the production of IM1 (CF3CBrCH2OH) by collisional deactivation is dominant; at high temperatures, the production of P1 (CF3CBrCHOH + H) becomes predominate. The predicted data for CF3CBrCH2 + OH agree closely with available experimental value. The total rate constants are independent on pressure and dependent on temperature. The rate equation can be fitted as k(T) = 1.77 × 10 −7T−0.65exp(−4518.77/T) at 200–300 K, 30 Torr of Ar. The atmospheric lifetime of CF3CBrCH2 in OH is around 2.77 days. TD‐DFT computations imply that IM1, IM2, IM3, IM4, IM5, and IM6 will photolyze under the sunlight.
Structural investigation of 2‐naphthyl phenyl ether inhibitors bound to WT and Y181C reverse transcriptase highlights key features of the NNRTI binding site
Authors: Duong Vincent N. , Ippolito Joseph A. , Chan Albert H. , Lee Won‐Gil , Spasov Krasimir A. , Jorgensen William L. , Anderson Karen S.
Published: July 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 remains as a global health issue that is primarily treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, a combination of drugs that target the viral life cycle. One class of these drugs are non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that target the viral reverse transcriptase (RT). First generation NNRTIs were troubled with poor pharmacological properties and drug resistance, incentivizing the development of improved compounds. One class of developed compounds are the 2‐naphthyl phenyl ethers, showing promising efficacy against the Y181C RT mutation. Further biochemical and structural work demonstrated differences in potency against the Y181C mutation and binding mode of the compounds. This work aims to understand the relationship between the binding mode and ability to overcome drug resistance using macromolecular x‐ray crystallography. Comparison of 2‐naphthyl phenyl ethers bound to Y181C RT reveal that compounds that interact with the invariant W229 are more capable of retaining efficacy against the resistance mutation. Additional modifications to these compounds at the 4‐position, computationally designed to compensate for the Y181C mutation, do not demonstrate improved potency. Ultimately, we highlight important considerations for the development of future HIV‐1 drugs that are able to combat drug resistance.
Magnetic response and its relation to the keto‐enol tautomerism of 3,3′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(pentane‐2,4‐dione): Experimental and theoretical insights
Authors: Lancheros Andres , Zarate Ximena , Schott Eduardo
Published: July 2020

A direct correlation between aromaticity and the thermodynamic stability in the tautomeric equilibrium of 3,3′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(pentane‐2,4‐dione) is studied using experimental methods and theoretical approaches. According to the results, the most abundant tautomer corresponds to the bis‐β‐keto‐enol tautomer when conditions such as temperature, solvent polarity, and pH are deliberately changed. Theoretical results of aromaticity analysis showed good concordance with the experimental results, using rigorous computations such as induced magnetic field (Bind) and free of in‐plane component NICS (FIPC‐NICS).
Simple and Efficient “One‐Pot” Synthesis of Diphenylaryl (Heteroaryl) Methanols from Benzene
Authors: Akhrem Irena S. , Avetisyan Dzhul'etta V. , Afanas'eva Lyudmila V. , Artyushin Oleg I.
Published: July 2020

Diphenylaryl (heteroaryl) methanols are valuable compounds, widely used in organic synthesis as tailor‐made protective groups, in medicinal chemistry, in crystal engineering, and in many other fields. A simple and efficient “one‐pot” method for the synthesis of diphenylaryl (heteroaryl) methanols from benzene was developed using the known reaction of benzene with CCl4•AlCl3. This approach appeared fruitful when the reaction was performed uring CCl4 as a solvent. This method allows the selective synthesis of Ph2CCl2 in good yield as well as triaryl (heteroaryl) methanols,
Al2O3‐Assisted Confinement Synthesis of Oxide/Carbon Hollow Composite Nanofibers and Application in Metal‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Mao Zhifei , Wang Huanwen , Chao Dongliang , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Fan Hong Jin
Published: July 2020

Hollow micro‐/nanostructures are widely explored for energy applications due to their unique structural advantages. The synthesis of hollow structures generally involves a “top‐down” casting process based on hard or soft templates. Herein, a new and generic confinement strategy is developed to fabricate composite hollow fibers. A thin and homogeneous atomic‐layer‐deposition (ALD) Al2O3 layer is employed to confine the pyrolysis of precursor fibers, which transform into metal (or metal oxide)–carbon composite hollow fibers after removal of Al2O3. Because of the uniform coating by ALD, the resultant composite hollow fibers exhibit a hollow interior from heads to ends even if they are millimeter long. V, Fe, Co, and Ni‐based hollow nanofibers, demonstrating the versatility of this synthesis method, are successfully synthesized. Because of the carbon constituent, these composite fibers are particularly useful for energy applications. Herein, the as‐obtained hollow V2O3–C fiber membrane is employed as a freestanding and flexible electrode for lithium‐ion capacitor. The device shows an impressive energy density and a high power density.
Investigation into the Hot Briquetting of Fine‐Grained Residual Materials from Iron and Steel Production
Authors: Lohmeier Laura , Wollenberg Ralf , Schröder Hans-Werner
Published: July 2020

Hot briquetting tests with mixtures of direct reduced iron (DRI) pellets and residues of the Midrex direct reduction process are conducted on a hydraulic piston press with a closed die. The trials seek to test the feasibility of recycling these residues by introducing them directly into hot briquetted iron (HBI). The inclusion of residues is possible if a high pressure of 350 MPa and a high briquetting temperature of 800 °C are applied. It is ascertained that up to 20 wt% of the HBI can consist of residues and still meet the quality requirements for the safe transportation to the steel plant if the mixture contains sufficient HBI screened fines and HBI classifier dust. Under such conditions, the HBI briquettes have a compressive strength of >300 MPa, an abrasion resistance of >80%, and, most importantly, an apparent density of >5 g cm−3. It is further shown that the hot briquetting of Midrex residues is also possible without DRI pellets so that they can be reused as educt in the Midrex direct reduction process.
Strain Rate Effect on Microstructural Evolution and Deformation Behavior of Medium‐Mn Transformation‐Induced Plasticity Steels
Authors: Zhou Naipeng , Song Renbo , Huo Weifeng , Zhang Zherui
Published: July 2020

Herein, the effect of strain rate (10−4–10−1 s−1) on the microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of medium‐Mn transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steels is investigated. The steel after intercritical annealing exhibits an austenite–martensite–ferrite triplex microstructure with a relatively high austenite fraction (66.1%). A negative strain rate dependence of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and significant serrated behavior are found during the room temperature tensile test. The total elongation (TE) attains a maximum value of 32.0% at the strain rate of 10−2 s−1 and then decreases with increasing strain rate. The evolution of strain‐induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) as a function of strain rate is analyzed considering the adiabatic heating during deformation. The different degrees of SIMT under different strain rates lead to a fracture transition between quasicleavage fracture and ductile fracture. The delamination cracks originating from the interface of martensite and austenite are closely related with the quantity and the local strain of the martensite–austenite interface.
Cross-Border Interbank Contagion Risk Analysis
Authors: Matousek Roman , Rummel Ole
Published: July 2020

This Element provides a detailed overview of the structural changes in the Asia-Pacific region from the early 2000s onwards. It reviews the most relevant literature on this important topic. The following two research areas are explored: first, by deploying visual network analysis (VNA), we analyse cross-border interbank claims and liabilities of the individual countries located in the Asia-Pacific region. Such an analysis evaluates interbank exposures to systematically important banks within the specific market. The important advantage of VNA is that it allows us to examine the 'hierarchical' cross-country interbank contagion risk that seems to have been neglected in similar studies. Secondly, we evaluate the contagion risk to the individual countries spreading from the financial centres in Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, New York and London. The analysis unveils links and statistical factors that could be used as a key tool for detecting the potential triggers of systemic risk.
Use of navigation GPSs in small topographical surveying
Authors: Guimarães Miguel Julio Machado , Da Silva Araújo Lucas Raimundo , Mogami Cristina Akemi , Rezende Fábio Dos Anjos , Santos Italo Emanuel Dos Anjos
Published: July 2020

In recent years the availability of geolocation data has increased considerably and can be found in various portable devices such as smartphones. These devices are intended for navigation in general, but can be used to carry out topographical surveys that do not require high accuracy of the surveyed data. To verify the applicability and accuracy of these devices we conducted the topographic survey in an area of approximately 5 ha using a GPS with RTK technology as reference, a Commercial Navigation Receiver (RNC) and a popular brand smartphone with the mobile applications C7 GPS Data and GPS Essentials previously installed. The GPS RNC showed the best planimetric results and the Smartphone with C7 GPS Data obtained the best result altimetric. None of the receivers analyzed showed high accuracy in results obtained. However, they can be used for tasks where high precision is not required.
Assessment of emotions and behaviour by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist in young people with neurodevelopmental CNVs
Authors: Cunningham Adam C. , Hall Jeremy , Einfeld Stewart , Owen Michael J. ,   IMAGINE-ID consortium, van den Bree Marianne B. M.
Published: July 2020

Background

A number of genomic conditions caused by copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with a high risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (ND-CNVs). Although these patients also tend to have cognitive impairments, few studies have investigated the range of emotion and behaviour problems in young people with ND-CNVs using measures that are suitable for those with learning difficulties.

Methods

A total of 322 young people with 13 ND-CNVs across eight loci (mean age: 9.79 years, range: 6.02–17.91, 66.5% male) took part in the study. Primary carers completed the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC).

Results

Of the total, 69% of individuals with an ND-CNV screened positive for clinically significant difficulties. Young people from families with higher incomes (OR = 0.71, CI = 0.55–0.91, p = .008) were less likely to screen positive. The rate of difficulties differed depending on ND-CNV genotype (χ2 = 39.99, p < 0.001), with the lowest rate in young people with 22q11.2 deletion (45.7%) and the highest in those with 1q21.1 deletion (93.8%). Specific patterns of strengths and weaknesses were found for different ND-CNV genotypes. However, ND-CNV genotype explained no more than 9–16% of the variance, depending on DBC subdomain.

Conclusions

Emotion and behaviour problems are common in young people with ND-CNVs. The ND-CNV specific patterns we find can provide a basis for more tailored support. More research is needed to better understand the variation in emotion and behaviour problems not accounted for by genotype.
The third sector in a strategically selective landscape – the case of commissioning public services
Authors: MACMILLAN ROB , ELLIS PAINE ANGELA
Published: July 2020

In the context of a mixed economy of welfare, public policy in the UK and elsewhere has long promoted third sector involvement in delivering public services. A growing research literature consistently highlights the challenges third sector organisations face engaging with a demanding public services commissioning environment, but it tends to lack a theoretical basis and can offer misleading accounts of third sector organisations as relatively passive and powerless in the face of wider forces. This article argues that third sector organisations actively operate within and seek to shape a commissioning context which advantages some strategies and some types of organisation over others. To provide stronger theoretical foundations for understanding public services commissioning and the third sector, the concept of ‘strategic selectivity’ (Hay, 2002) is applied to in-depth qualitative longitudinal data from third sector organisations delivering a range of public services. The article contributes new theoretical insights into the dynamic ways in which social policies and public services are organised. The analysis highlights how differently positioned organisations seek to read, navigate pathways through, and transform an uneven public services commissioning landscape.
Disputing ‘market value’: the Bombay Improvement Trust and the reshaping of a speculative land market in early twentieth-century Bombay
Authors: Tejani Shabnum
Published: July 2020

Urban expansion in the early twentieth century had a profound impact on India's urban land economies. Historians argue that in this period, urban India went through an increasing marketization of land and that improvement trusts had a significant hand in accelerating land speculation. In the case of Bombay, we still understand little of the relationship between the activities of the Bombay Improvement Trust and rising land values. The article examines key legal disputes around compensation for land acquired by the Trust for public purpose before and after World War I. Such cases show how the Trust and the judiciary shaped changing expectations around what comprised ‘market value’ and consequently became deeply involved in Bombay's land economy. Where officials had earlier resisted valuations that they believed encouraged speculation, after the 1920s the resolution of disputes incorporated future value as a legitimate and necessary part of the economy.
Diagnostic Performance of Prehospital Point-of-Care Troponin Tests to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulrhman , Alotaibi Ahmed , Alharbi Meshal , Reynard Charles , Body Richard
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for 999 calls and transfers to the emergency department (ED). In these patients, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is often the diagnosis that clinicians are seeking to exclude. However, only a minority of those patients have AMI, causing a substantial financial burden to health services. Cardiac troponin (cTn) is the reference standard biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI. Several commercially available point-of-care (POC) cTn assays are portable and could feasibly be used in an ambulance. The aim of this paper is to systematically review existing evidence for the use of POC cTn assays in the prehospital setting to rule out AMI.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus databases, reference lists, and relevant grey literature, including combinations of the relevant terms. Papers published in English language since the year 2000 were eligible for inclusion. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was then undertaken.

Results:

The initial search and cross-referencing revealed a total of 350 papers, of which 243 were excluded. Seven papers were included in the systematic literature review.

Conclusion:

Current evidence does not support the use of POC troponin assays to exclude AMI due to issues with diagnostic accuracy and insufficient high-quality evidence.
Dicamba effects on fruiting in sensitive cotton
Authors: Russell Kyle R. , Dotray Peter A. , Pabuayon Irish L.B. , Ritchie Glen L.
Published: July 2020

Since the release of dicamba-tolerant cotton in 2016, preplant and POST applications of dicamba to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth have increased. With the increase in area treated with dicamba, the risk of off-target movement to nontarget crops has increased. A field study was conducted at the Texas Tech University New Deal Research Farm equipped with subsurface drip irrigation in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate non-dicamba tolerant cotton response to dicamba when applied at four crop growth stages [first square (FS) + 2 wk, first bloom (FB), FB + 2 wk, and FB + 5 wk]. Dicamba at 0.56 (1×), 0.056 (1/10×), 0.0112 (1/50×), 0.0056 (1/100×), and 0.00112 (1/500×) kg ae ha−1 was applied to ‘FM 1830GLT’ cotton. When applications were made at FS + 2 wk, a shift in boll nodal position was apparent following dicamba at the 1/50× rate in 2017 and at 1/10× in 2018 compared to the nontreated control (NTC). A shift in boll distribution from the 1/50× rate of dicamba was apparent at FB in 2017, but not in 2018. Dicamba applied at the 1× rate at FB + 2 wk resulted in reduced boll numbers. No change in boll number or boll position was apparent following any dicamba rate when applied at FB + 5 wk in both years. Dicamba applied at 1/500×, 1/100×, and 1/50× rates at all timings did not affect yield relative to the NTC. When dicamba was applied at the 1/10× rate, the greatest yield loss was observed at FS + 2 wk followed by FB and FB + 2 wk. Micronaire increased following dicamba applied at 1/10× at FS + 2 wk, FB, and FB + 2 wk in 2017. In 2018, micronaire decreased following dicamba applied at 1/10× at FB + 5 wk.
Simulation of the 2018 Tsunami Due to the Flank Failure of Anak Krakatau Volcano and Implication for Future Observing Systems
Authors: Mulia Iyan E. , Watada Shingo , Ho Tung‐Cheng , Satake Kenji , Wang Yuchen , Aditiya Arif
Published: July 2020

Motivated by the unwarned tsunami disaster caused by the flank collapse of the Anak Krakatau volcano on 22 December 2018, we used a landslide tsunami model to explore potential tsunami observing and warning systems for the region. With the estimated volume of 0.24 km3 and the relatively short duration (~3 to 5 min), the landslide of the volcanic edifice in the southwest sector triggered a tsunami of higher than 40 m in the vicinity. The tsunami, however, attenuated rapidly as it propagated away from the generation area, resulting in lower than 2 m wave heights at tide gauges around the Sunda Strait. Using the tsunami model, we demonstrated the capability of a ship height positioning method to detect the tsunami of amplitude ~20 cm associated with the event. Furthermore, assimilating the tsunami current velocity observed by high‐frequency oceanographic radars can produce accurate forecasts of coastal tsunami heights.
The East Asian Subtropical Jet Stream and Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Zhang Wei , Villarini Gabriele , Vecchi Gabriel A.
Published: July 2020

Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause significant societal and economic impacts, as 2019's Dorian serves to remind us of these storms' destructiveness. Decades of effort to understand and predict Atlantic TC activity have improved seasonal forecast skill, but large uncertainties still remain, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the drivers of TC variability. Here we identify an association between the East Asian Subtropical Jet Stream (EASJ) during July–October and the frequency of Atlantic TCs (wind speed ≥34 knot) and hurricanes (wind speed ≥64 knot) during August–November based on observations for 1980–2018. This strong association is tied to the impacts of EASJ on a stationary Rossby wave train emanating from East Asia and the tropical Pacific to the North Atlantic, leading to changes in vertical wind shear in the Atlantic Main Development Region (80–20°W, 10–20°N).
Gapless spin liquid in a square-kagome lattice antiferromagnet
Authors: Fujihala Masayoshi , Morita Katsuhiro , Mole Richard , Mitsuda Setsuo , Tohyama Takami , Yano Shin-ichiro , Yu Dehong , Sota Shigetoshi , Kuwai Tomohiko , Koda Akihiro , Okabe Hirotaka , Lee Hua , Itoh Shinichi , Hawai Takafumi , Masuda Takatsugu , Sagayama Hajime , Matsuo Akira , Kindo Koichi , Ohira-Kawamura Seiko , Nakajima Kenji
Published: July 2020

Observation of a quantum spin liquid (QSL) state is one of the most important goals in condensed-matter physics, as well as the development of new spintronic devices that support next-generation industries. The QSL in two dimensional quantum spin systems is expected to be due to geometrical magnetic frustration, and thus a kagome-based lattice is the most probable playground for QSL. Here, we report the first experimental results of the QSL state on a square-kagome quantum antiferromagnet, KCu6AlBiO4(SO4)5Cl. Comprehensive experimental studies via magnetic susceptibility, magnetisation, heat capacity, muon spin relaxation (μSR), and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements reveal the formation of a gapless QSL at very low temperatures close to the ground state. The QSL behavior cannot be explained fully by a frustrated Heisenberg model with nearest-neighbor exchange interactions, providing a theoretical challenge to unveil the nature of the QSL state.
Effect of porous structure of coal on propylene adsorption from gas mixtures
Authors: Wojtacha-Rychter Karolina , Howaniec Natalia , Smoliński Adam
Published: July 2020

This paper addresses the issue of the sorption process on coal concerning propylene released from the source of coal heating in the deposit. In this study, the interaction between Polish coals and propylene molecules, as well as three other hydrocarbons (ethylene, ethane, and propane) with the application of a fixed-bed column, was investigated. The experimental results show that propylene adsorption was measurable under the experimental conditions. The differences in the amount of adsorbed propylene were predominately caused by various gas diffusion rates within the pore network associated with the molecular sieving effect. According to the experimental results, the influence of mesopores on propylene adsorption was significantly stronger than the share of micropores of the explored coals. The column tests demonstrated that the largest amount of propylene was adsorbed by coal with the highest value of pore diameter (6.48 nm) determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Under the experimental conditions, the influence of other hydrocarbons and a surface area on the quantity of the adsorbed gas was unnoticeable. This study provides an understanding of the behavior of some of the fire gases during the flow of the mixture through a heterogeneous structure of coal in the mine environment. The sorption of gases from multi-component mixture released during the self-heating of coal on carbon materials such as bituminous and lignite coals is poorly understood which provides the rationale for the topic of this work.
Coupling feeding activity, growth rates and molecular data shows dietetic needs of Ciona robusta (Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia) in automatic culture plants
Authors: Zupo Valerio , Scibelli Sebastiano , Mutalipassi Mirko , Ruocco Nadia , Esposito Francesco , Macina Alberto , Polese Gianluca , Di Cosmo Anna , Costantini Maria
Published: July 2020

The sea squirt Ciona robusta is a model organism characterized by a transparent body, exhibiting peculiar physiologic and evolutionary characters. In vitro fertilization and breeding of sea squirts is possible, in order to preserve consistent genetic pools. However, some aspects of its biology, as the feeding efficiency according to diet quantity and quality, are still scarcely known. Here we test the effects of three experimental diets on survival and growth, to detect physiological and molecular responses to various types of alimentary suspended particles and the effects of feed concentrations. We also aimed at determining rearing conditions able to limit handling operations, save artificial seawater and control water pollution. Molecular analyses of growth-related genes were performed to detect stressful effects due to feed quality and quantity. A strong effect of doses was highlighted, but water pollution may represent a major concern. A compound diet containing both live algae and non-live particles of a correct size is indispensable to assure development, low stress and high survival rates. Overall, our findings suggest protocols for an easier rearing of Ciona robusta in the laboratory, increasing the potentialities of these organisms as models for research.
Plasmonic-tape-attached multilayered MoS2 film for near-infrared photodetection
Authors: Park Minji , Kang Gumin , Ko Hyungduk
Published: July 2020

Molybdenum disulfide has been intensively studied as a promising material for photodetector applications because of its excellent electrical and optical properties. We report a multilayer MoS2 film attached with a plasmonic tape for near-infrared (NIR) detection. MoS2 flakes are chemically exfoliated and transferred onto a polymer substrate, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) dewetted thermally on a substrate are transferred onto a Scotch tape. The Scotch tape with AgNPs is attached directly and simply onto the MoS2 flakes. Consequently, the NIR photoresponse of the MoS2 device is critically enhanced. The proposed tape transfer method enables the formation of plasmonic structures on arbitrary substrates, such as a polymer substrate, without requiring a high-temperature process. The performance of AgNPs-MoS2 photodetectors is approximately four times higher than that of bare MoS2 devices.
Exploring bacteria diversity in commercialized table olive biofilms by metataxonomic and compositional data analysis
Authors: Benítez-Cabello Antonio , Romero-Gil Verónica , Medina-Pradas Eduardo , Garrido-Fernández Antonio , Arroyo-López Francisco Noé
Published: July 2020

In this work, a total of 72 samples of non-thermally treated commercial table olives were obtained from different markets of the world. Then, prokaryotic diversity in olive biofilms was investigated by metataxonomic analysis. A total of 660 different OTUs were obtained, belonging to Archaea (2.12%) and Bacteria domains (97.88%). From these, 41 OTUs with a proportion of sequences ≥ 0.01% were studied by compositional data analysis. Only two genera were found in all samples,Lactobacillus, which was the predominant bacteria in the biofilm consortium (median 54.99%), andPediococcus(26.09%).Celerinatantimonas,Leuconostoc, Alkalibacterium, Pseudomonas, Marinilactibacillus,Weissella,and the familyEnterobacteriaceaewere also present in at least 80% of samples. Regarding foodborne pathogens, onlyEnterobacteriaceae, Vibrio,andStaphylococcuswere detected in at least 91.66%, 75.00%, and 54.10% of samples, respectively, but their median values were always below 0.15%. Compositional data analysis allowed discriminating between lye treated and natural olive samples, as well as between olives packaged in glass, PET and plastic bags.Leuconostoc, Celerinatantimonas,andAlkalibacteriumwere the bacteria genera with a higher discriminant power among samples. These results expand our knowledge of the bacteria diversity in olive biofilms, providing information about the sanitary and hygienic status of this ready-to-eat fermented vegetable.
Population’s health information-seeking behaviors and geographic variations of stroke in Malaysia: an ecological correlation and time series study
Authors: Ganasegeran Kurubaran , Ch’ng Alan Swee Hock , Aziz Zariah Abdul , Looi Irene
Published: July 2020

Stroke has emerged as a major public health concern in Malaysia. We aimed to determine the trends and temporal associations of real-time health information-seeking behaviors (HISB) and stroke incidences in Malaysia. We conducted a countrywide ecological correlation and time series study using novel internet multi-timeline data stream of 6,282 hit searches and conventional surveillance data of 14,396 stroke cases. We searched popular search terms related to stroke in Google Trends between January 2004 and March 2019. We explored trends by comparing average relative search volumes (RSVs) by month and weather through linear regression bootstrapping methods. Geographical variations between regions and states were determined through spatial analytics. Ecological correlation analysis between RSVs and stroke incidences was determined via Pearson’s correlations. Forecasted model was yielded through exponential smoothing. HISB showed both cyclical and seasonal patterns. Average RSV was significantly higher during Northeast Monsoon when compared to Southwest Monsoon (P < 0.001). “Red alerts” were found in specific regions and states. Significant correlations existed within stroke related queries and actual stroke cases. Forecasted model showed that as HISB continue to rise, stroke incidence may decrease or reach a plateau. The results have provided valuable insights for immediate public health policy interventions.
Mandarin fish (Sinipercidae) genomes provide insights into innate predatory feeding
Authors: He Shan , Li Ling , Lv Li-Yuan , Cai Wen-Jing , Dou Ya-Qi , Li Jiao , Tang Shu-Lin , Chen Xu , Zhang Zhen , Xu Jing , Zhang Yan-Peng , Yin Zhan , Wuertz Sven , Tao Ya-Xiong , Kuhl Heiner , Liang Xu-Fang
Published: July 2020

Mandarin fishes (Sinipercidae) are piscivores that feed solely on live fry. Unlike higher vertebrates, teleosts exhibit feeding behavior driven mainly by genetic responses, with no modification by learning from parents. Mandarin fishes could serve as excellent model organisms for studying feeding behavior. We report a long-read, chromosomal-scale genome assembly forSiniperca chuatsiand genome assemblies forSiniperca kneri,Siniperca scherzeriandCoreoperca whiteheadi. Positive selection analysis revealed rapid adaptive evolution of genes related to predatory feeding/aggression, growth, pyloric caeca and euryhalinity. Very few gill rakers are observed in mandarin fishes; analogously, we found that zebrafish deficient inedarhad a gill raker loss phenotype and a more predatory habit, with reduced intake of zooplankton but increased intake of prey fish. Higher expression ofbmp4, which could inhibitedarexpression and gill raker development through binding of a Xvent-1 site upstream ofedar, may cause predatory feeding inSiniperca.
Correction: Interlayer coupling prolonged the photogenerated carrier lifetime of few layered Bi2OS2 semiconductors
Authors: Niu Xianghong , Wu Guangfen , Zhang Xiwen , Wang Jinlan
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Interlayer coupling prolonged the photogenerated carrier lifetime of few layered Bi2OS2 semiconductors’ by Xianghong Niu et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 6057–6063, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR00447B.
Probing biotin receptors in cancer cells with rationally designed fluorogenic squaraine dimers
Authors: Fam Kyong T. , Collot Mayeul , Klymchenko Andrey S.
Published: July 2020

Rational design of self-quenched squaraine dimers bearing biotin yielded a bright fluorogenic probe that can distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous cells.
Assessment of energy efficiency of application heat-insulating paint for the needs of district heat supply systems
Authors: Pavlov Mikhail , Karpov Denis , Akhmetova Irina , Monarkin Nikolay
Published: July 2020

Energy conservation is a priority for most of the nation states. Its relevance in modern world energy industry is growing every year. This problem acquires particular importance when a country is characterized by a lack of fuel and energy resources or adverse climatic conditions. The most effective way to reduce heat losses from heat network pipelines to environment is the use of heat insulation. This paper presents the results of application heat-insulating paint on the surface of main pipeline. The infrared thermometry devices (pyrometer and thermal imager) were used to evaluate the energy efficiency of modern high-tech insulation. The thermograms from thermal imager and the readings from pyrometer were analyzed, it was established that the absolute difference in temperatures of an isolated pipeline section and an unpainted section are 5-10 °C. The studies have also shown that when a 250×6 pipeline is coated with a 1 mm thick heat-insulating paint, it will save 126.1 m3 of natural gas per 1 running meter per year. In monetary terms it will be approximately 610 rubles or about $9 (for the first half of 2020). The payback period of this energy-saving measure should not exceed six months. Increasing the thickness of liquid heat insulation layer is not economically feasible. The equivalent fuel economy is approximately 65% when the heat-insulating paint is of 1 mm thickness, and it will increase by only 8% for a thickness of 1.5 mm.
Modeling of asynchronous motor operation modes for the correct selection of voltage regulation devices
Authors: Akhmetshin Azat , Marin George , Mendeleev Dmitrii
Published: July 2020

Many electrical appliances are used in production and in everyday life, which include elements that are extremely sensitive to voltage deviations from acceptable values. Failure in their work can cause equipment failure or a breakdown in technological processes. There are a number of technical solutions to solve this problem, one of which is the using of voltage control devices such as boost transformers. The principle of operation of booster transformers is the introduction of a longitudinal EMF into the electric circuit, which provides booster. The choice of voltage regulation devices consists in determining its power and the required transformation ratio. The latter needs some justification, because it cannot be formally accepted: if it is necessary to increase the voltage, for example by 5%, it is enough to introduce a longitudinal EMF of 5% of the nominal voltage into the electric circuit. This is due to the fact that with increasing voltage from the load side, the power consumption also increases, which causes an increase in voltage drop compared to modes in the absence of voltage regulation devices. Thus, the load will receive a slightly lower voltage level in comparison with the desired one.
Method of accounting the dynamics of technological connections when forming a list of objects for the reconstruction and construction of electrical networks
Authors: Vinogradov A.V. , Bolshev V.E. , Vinogradova A.V. , Lansberg A.A. , Ward M.O. , Miftakhova N.K.
Published: July 2020

The paper gives a method of accounting the dynamics of technological connections when forming a list of objects for the reconstruction and construction of electrical networks. The specified method allows maintaining a database of technological connections taking into account the information received from the monitoring systems for electric network operating modes. It makes it possible to assess the dynamics of technological connections by settlements and regions. Based on this, it allows determining the availability of a power reserve for new technological connections and pre-compile a list of objects for reconstruction and construction of electrical network taking into account the dynamics of technological connections.
Barriers to Evidence-Based Treatment of Serious Burns: The Impact of Implicit Bias on Clinician Perceptions of Patient Adherence
Authors: Litchfield Ian , Moiemen Naiem , Greenfield Sheila
Published: July 2020

The underlying assumption of modern evidence-based practice is that treatment decisions made by healthcare providers are based solely on the best available scientific data. However, the connection between evidence informed care guidelines and the provision of care remains ambiguous. In reality, a number of contextual and nonclinical factors can also play a role, among which is the implicit bias that affects the way in which we approach or treat others based on irrelevant, individual characteristics despite conscious efforts to treat everyone equally. Influenced by the social and demographic characteristics of patients, this bias and its associated perceptions have been shown to affect clinical decision making and access to care across multiple conditions and settings. This summary article offers an introduction to how the phenomenon of implicit bias can impact on treatment compliance in multiple care contexts, its potential presence and impact in burns care and describes some of the strategies which offer possible solutions to reducing the disconnect between the conscious attempts to deliver equitable care and the discrepancies in care delivery that remain.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Burn Outcomes
Authors: Dvorak Justin E , Lester Erica L W , Maluso Patrick J , Tatebe Leah C , Bokhari Faran
Published: July 2020

Uninsured and low socioeconomic status patients who suffer burn injuries have disproportionately worse morbidity and mortality. The Affordable Care Act was signed into law with the goal of increasing access to insurance, with Medicaid expansion in January 2014 having the largest impact. To analyze the population-level impact of the Affordable Care Act on burn outcomes, and investigate its impact on identified at-risk subgroups, a retrospective time series of patients was created using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database between 2011 and 2016. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to examine mortality, length of stay, and the probabilities of discharge home, home with home health, and to another facility before and after January 2014. There were no changes in burn mortality detected. There was a statistically significant reduction in the probability of being discharged home (−0.000967, P < .01; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.0015379 to −0.0003962) or discharged home with home health (−0.000709, P < .01; 95% CI −0.00110 to 0.000317) after 2014. There was an increase in the probability of being discharged to another facility (0.00108, P = .01; 95% CI 0.000282–0.00188). While the enactment of the major provisions of the Affordable Care Act in 2014 was not associated with a change in mortality for burn patients, it was associated with more patients being discharged to a facility: This may represent a significant improvement in access to care and rehabilitation. Future studies will assess the societal and economic impact of improved access to post-discharge facilities and rehabilitation.
Could You Merge with AI?
Authors: Turner Cody , Schneider Susan
Published: July 2020

This chapter focuses on AI-based cognitive and perceptual enhancements. AI-based brain enhancements are already under development, and they may become commonplace over the next 30–50 years. We raise doubts concerning whether radical AI-based enhancements transhumanists advocate will accomplish the transhumanists goals of longevity, human flourishing, and intelligence enhancement. We urge that even if the technologies are medically safe and are not used as tools by surveillance capitalism or an authoritarian dictatorship, these enhancements may still fail to do their job for philosophical reasons. In what follows, we explore one such concern, a problem that involves the nature of the self. We illustrate that the so called transhumanist efforts to “merge oneself with AI” could lead to perverse realizations of AI technology, such as the demise of the person who sought enhancement. And, in a positive vein, we offer ways to avoid this, at least within the context of one theory of the nature of personhood.
Mental Health for Sexual and Gender Minority Couples and Families
Authors: Tornello Samantha L.
Published: July 2020

The majority of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people want to be in a romantic relationship and desire parenthood in the future. SGM couples and parents often have similar experiences compared to their cisgender heterosexual peers; however, SGM people experience higher rates of mental health challenges. For SGM people, romantic partners buffer the negative impacts of sexual and gender-related stigma, along with providing social support that is lacking from family, friends, and the wider community. According to minority stress theory, sexual and gender-related negative experiences can be detrimental to the well-being of SGM individuals, with particularly distinctive influences on SGM couples and parents. Understanding the couple and co-parenting dynamics and experiences of SGM couples provides great insight into how to improve the mental health outcomes of all SGM people. This chapter will explore the experiences of SGM couples and parents, examine the positive and negative influences on mental health, and discuss ways to improve the experiences of SGM people through the context of romantic and co-parenting relationships.
Career Development Theories from the Global South
Authors: Ribeiro Marcelo Afonso
Published: July 2020

The career development field has produced theories from the Global North that have been imported and applied in the Global South countries. These theories were developed in different socioeconomic and cultural contexts than those of the Global South, which can generally be characterized by vulnerability and instability. Theories and practices must be contextualized if they are to be of assistance to the users of career development services. This chapter has two aims. First, by means of an intercultural dialogue proposal, it discusses the need to contextualize theories to assist people with their career issues and foster social justice. Second, it presents career theories and practices produced in the Global South (Latin America, Africa, and developing countries of Asia) and discusses their potential as an alternative to expand the mainstream career development theories from the North. Such theories can be understood as a Southern contribution to the social justice agenda.
Agency and Contemporary Recording Production
Authors: Bates Eliot
Published: July 2020

Recording production is a complex, multistep, typically collaborative process that entails a shifting set of individuals inhabiting changing roles within spaces that house considerable amounts of specialized technology. As these roles and technologies feature prominently in the aesthetics of Anglophone and Francophone popular music, they have been studied within such milieus for the longest period. This scholarship tends to understand the creative act as either the result of a prominent individual or something determined by the technologies used within studios. However, recent ethnomusicological scholarship has shown it is much more difficult to clearly situate agency within recording production, echoing theories of agency developed within the fields of anthropology and science and technology studies. The myriad uses of and significant cultural work that recordings can do show that one can’t assume that the goal of production work is simply to produce an aesthetic art object. For example, recordings can serve as a form of social action, and in many milieus the social values of the production process matter more than the financial success of the product. Ultimately, a nuanced consideration of agency within recording work produces important findings on the concept of creativity and the creative act.
Technology and TimbreFeatures of the Changing Instrumental Soundscape of the Long Nineteenth Century (1789–1914)
Authors: Strauchen-Scherer Elizabeth Bradley
Published: July 2020

Over the past four hundred years, instrument makers and performers have pursued extended range, the ability to play louder, the capacity to play more chromatic notes, and the desire for a more homogeneous tone. The technological innovations and redefinition of playing technique needed to realize these goals nearly always resulted in changes to an instrument’s timbre. Newly emerging technologies such as advanced key systems and valves accelerated this process during the Second Industrial Revolution and the timbral identity of wind instruments, brass in particular, was recast. Although often superficially understood as a linear progression, the narrative of technological developments and their adoption is a confluence of many factors in which timbre is a primary element. The use of new technologies was governed by factors including performer and listener expectations, prevailing aesthetics, national preferences, class distinctions associated with particular repertoires and groups of performers, and the socio-timbral connotations of instruments. Performers and listeners became attuned to the multifaceted timbral palette created by the simultaneous use of old and new instrumental technologies during the nineteenth century and composers used both to create highly nuanced soundscapes. The eventual replacement of these instruments by their modern successors reflected more than technological progress and served to diminish composers’ timbral intentions. Although initially the preserve of the historically informed performance movement, increased appreciation for the distinctive timbral characteristics of many superseded instruments is leading to a reappraisal of their use in the modern orchestra and as a medium for contemporary composers.