bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation and Normative Data for the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study
Authors: Bentvelzen Adam C. , Crawford John D. , Theobald Adam , Maston Kate , Slavin Melissa J. , Reppermund Simone , Kang Kristan , Numbers Katya , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder , Kochan Nicole A.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

Telephone‐based cognitive screens, such as the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), can potentially reduce the barriers and costs of assessing older adults. However, validation of clinically relevant psychometric properties is lacking in a large and comprehensively assessed sample of older adults. Furthermore, published normative data may lack sensitivity as they have not used regression‐based demographic corrections or accounted for cases with subsequent dementia. We address these gaps using the modified TICS (TICS‐M; a modified, 13‐item, 39‐point version) and provide an online norms calculator for clinicians and researchers.

DESIGN

Prospective longitudinal study.

SETTING

Sydney, Australia.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 617 community‐living older adults, aged from 71 to 91 years.

MEASUREMENTS

The measures used included the TICS‐M, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revised (ACE‐R), and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Descriptive statistics, correlations, area under the curve, and regression analyses were used to determine the validity and normative properties of the TICS‐M.

RESULTS

TICS‐M total scores (mean = 24.20; SD = 3.76) correlated well with the MMSE (0.70) and ACE‐R (0.80) and moderately with neuropsychological tests tested noncontemporaneously. A cutoff score of 21 or lower reliably distinguished between those with and without incident dementia after 1 year (sensitivity = 77%; specificity = 88%) but was less reliable at distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from normal cognition. TICS‐M scores decreased with age and increased with higher education levels. The robust normative sample, which excluded incident dementia cases, scored higher on the TICS‐M and with less variability than the whole sample. An online calculator is provided to compute regression‐based norms and reliable change statistics.

CONCLUSIONS

In a large sample of community‐dwelling older adults, the TICS‐M performed well in terms of construct validity against typical screening tools and neuropsychological measures and diagnostic validity for incident dementia. The comprehensive, regression‐based, and robust normative data provided will help improve the sensitivity, accessibility, and cost‐effectiveness of cognitive testing with older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2108–2115, 2019
Falls, Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease, and a Nonagenarian's Sage Advice
Authors: Kitzman Dalane W. , Upadhya Bharathi , Duncan Pamela
Published: July 2019

This editorial comments on the article by Juraschek et al.
Behavioral and clinical signs of Chiari‐like malformation‐associated pain and syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels
Authors: Rusbridge Clare , McFadyen Angus K. , Knower Susan P.
Published: July 2019

Background

Diagnosis of Chiari‐like malformation‐associated pain (CM‐P) or clinically relevant syringomyelia (SM) is challenging. We sought to determine common signs.

Animals

One hundred thirty client‐owned Cavalier King Charles spaniels with neuroaxis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnosis of CM‐P/SM. Dogs with comorbidities causing similar signs were excluded with exception of otitis media with effusion (OME).

Methods

Retrospective study of medical records relating signalment, signs, and MRI findings. Dogs were grouped by SM maximum transverse diameter (1 = no SM; 2 = 0.5‐1.99 mm; 3 = 2‐3.9 mm: 4 = ≥4 mm). Differences between all groups—groups 1 versus 2‐4 and groups 1‐3 versus 4—were investigated. Continuous variables were analyzed using 2‐samplet‐tests and analysis of variance. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact or chi‐square tests.

Results

Common signs were vocalization (65.4%), spinal pain (54.6%), reduced activity (37.7%), reduced stairs/jumping ability (35.4%), touch aversion (30.0%), altered emotional state (28.5%), and sleep disturbance (22%). Head scratching/rubbing (28.5%) was inversely associated with syrinx size (P= .005), less common in group 4 (P= .003), and not associated with OME (P= .977). Phantom scratching, scoliosis, weakness, and postural deficits were only seen in group 4 (SM ≥4 mm;P= .004).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Signs of pain are common in CM/SM but are not SM‐dependent, suggesting (not proving) CM‐P causality. Wide (≥4 mm) SM is associated with signs of myelopathy and, if the dorsal horn is involved, phantom scratching (ipsilateral) and torticollis (shoulder deviated ipsilateral; head tilt contralateral).
Correlations among tracheal dimensions, tracheal stent dimensions, and major complications after endoluminal stenting of tracheal collapse syndrome in dogs
Authors: Violette Nathaniel P. , Weisse Chick , Berent Allyson C. , Lamb Kenneth E.
Published: July 2019

Background

Endoluminal tracheal stenting can relieve signs associated with tracheal collapse syndrome (TCS) in dogs, but major complications can result.

Objective

To identify associations among tracheal dimensions, stent dimensions, and subsequent complications requiring additional stent placement after endoluminal stenting for TCS.

Animals

Fifty‐two dogs from the hospital population.

Methods

Medical records of dogs that received an endoluminal self‐expanding tracheal stent for TCS by the interventional radiology service between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed for relevant data. Signalment and clinical details, including tracheal collapse type, tracheal measurements, nominal stent dimensions, follow‐up evaluation times, and stent complications, were recorded.

Results

Fifty‐two dogs that received an endoluminal stent for TCS met the inclusion criteria. Major complications included stent fracture (13/52; 25%), obstructive tissue ingrowth (10/52; 19%), and progressive tracheal collapse (6/52; 12%). Natural tracheal taper (P= .04) and more stent diameter oversizing (P= .04) in the intrathoracic (IT) trachea were associated with caudodorsal stent fracture. Only stents with a 14‐mm nominal diameter fractured. Progressive tracheal collapse was associated with smaller maximum tracheal diameters (P= .02). The majority of dogs with obstructive tissue ingrowth (7/10; 70%;P= .30) and all dogs with thoracic inlet fractures (3/3; 100%) had tracheal malformations.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

A higher taper in tracheal diameter may lead to increased risk of fracture in the IT location. Dogs with tracheal malformations may have higher risk for thoracic inlet fracture and development of obstructive tissue ingrowth. Clinicians should be aware of the possible risk factors for tracheal stent complications.
Plastic or metal stents for biliary duct‐to‐duct anastomotic strictures – Is the jury still out?
Authors: Garborg Kjetil , Aabakken Lars
Published: July 2019

See Article on Page 1355
31° South: The physiology of adaptation to arid conditions in a passerine bird
Authors: Ribeiro Ângela M. , Puetz Lara , Pattinson Nicholas B. , Dalén Love , Deng Yuan , Zhang Guojie , da Fonseca Rute R. , Smit Ben , Gilbert M. Thomas P.
Published: July 2019

Arid environments provide ideal ground for investigating the mechanisms of adaptive evolution. High temperatures and low water availability are relentless stressors for many endotherms, including birds; yet birds persist in deserts. While physiological adaptation probably involves metabolic phenotypes, the underlying mechanisms (plasticity, genetics) are largely uncharacterized. To explore this, we took an intraspecific approach that focused on a species that is resident over a mesic to arid gradient, the Karoo scrub‐robin (Cercotrichas coryphaeus). Specifically, we integrated environmental (climatic and primary productivity), physiological (metabolic rates: a measure of energy expenditure), genotypic (genetic variation underlying the machinery of energy production) and microbiome (involved in processing food from where energy is retrieved) data, to infer the mechanism of physiological adaptation. We that found the variation in energetic physiology phenotypes and gut microbiome composition are associated with environmental features as well as with variation in genes underlying energy metabolic pathways. Specifically, we identified a small list of candidate adaptive genes, some of them with known ties to relevant physiology phenotypes. Together our results suggest that selective pressures on energetic physiology mediated by genes related to energy homeostasis and possibly microbiota composition may facilitate adaptation to local conditions and provide an explanation to the high avian intraspecific divergence observed in harsh environments.
Delivering inclusive growth
Authors: Statham Rachel
Published: July 2019

Lessons from Belgium
Building a public culture of economics
Authors: Patel Reema
Published: July 2019

Economics’ fundamental deficits mean a new approach is needed
Sharing and caring
Authors: Mahmoud Sara
Published: July 2019

Understanding different models for building a Digital Commonwealth
Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma of the tongue – a case report and review
Authors: Leader R. , Adair S.
Published: July 2019

We report a rare case of intra‐oral Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma (EHE) in a 68 year old Caucasian female. EHE is a rare, well‐differentiated, malignant vascular endothelial neoplasm of varying biologic behaviour. This tumour generally arises in soft tissue as a solitary lesion and has a predilection to the lower extremities but can be present elsewhere. Histological diagnosis of this entity has provided difficulties in the past especially with that of Epithelioid Haemangioma (EH).
Probability of Low‐Altitude Midair Collision Between General Aviation and Unmanned Aircraft
Authors: la Cour‐Harbo Anders , Schiøler Henrik
Published: July 2019

Unmanned aircrafts (UA) usually fly below 500 ft to be segregated from manned aircraft. However, while general aviation (GA) usually do fly above 500 ft in areas where UA are allowed to operate, GA will at times also fly below 500 ft. Consequently, there is a distinct risk of near‐miss encounters as well as actual midair collisions (MACs). This work presents a model for determining this risk based on physical parameters of the aircraft and actual figures for the numbers of GA in a given airspace, as well as the probability of having GA below 500 ft. The aim is to achieve a prediction with a precision better than one order of magnitude relative to the true MAC rate value. The model is applied to Danish airspace and the MAC rate for unmitigated operations of UA is found to be approximately 10−6 MAC per flight hour. The model is particularly well suited for beyond visual line‐of‐sight operations, and is useful for UA operators for conducting risk assessment of planned operations as well as for regulators for determining appropriate operational requirements.
“Chemophobia” Today: Consumers’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Chemicals
Authors: Saleh Rita , Bearth Angela , Siegrist Michael
Published: July 2019

This mixed‐methods study investigated consumers’ knowledge of chemicals in terms of basic principles of toxicology and then related this knowledge, in addition to other factors, to their fear of chemical substances (i.e., chemophobia). Both qualitative interviews and a large‐scale online survey were conducted in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland. A Mokken scale was developed to measure laypeople's toxicological knowledge. The results indicate that most laypeople are unaware of the similarities between natural and synthetic chemicals in terms of certain toxicological principles. Furthermore, their associations with the term “chemical substances” and the self‐reported affect prompted by these associations are mostly negative. The results also suggest that knowledge of basic principles of toxicology, self‐reported affect evoked by the term “chemical substances,” risk‐benefit perceptions concerning synthetic chemicals, and trust in regulation processes are all negatively associated with chemophobia, while general health concerns are positively related to chemophobia. Thus, to enhance informed consumer decisionmaking, it might be necessary to tackle the stigmatization of the term “chemical substances” as well as address and clarify prevalent misconceptions.
As you like it: Explaining the popularity of life‐cycle funds with multi cumulative prospect theory
Authors: Graf Stefan , Ruß Jochen , Schelling Stefan
Published: July 2019

Life‐cycle (or target‐date) funds are funds, which typically decrease their risk exposure over time. They have been very successful in many countries, particularly in the segment of old age provision. However, Expected Utility Theory (EUT) cannot explain their popularity. Moreover, recent results of Graf (2016), imply that not only EUT but also its behavioral counterpart Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) is often not able to explain the popularity of these products, since for each life‐cycle fund a corresponding balanced fund can be constructed, which is preferable from the investor's perspective in most circumstances. In a recent paper, Ruß and Schelling (2018), have argued that potential future changes in an investment's value already impact the decision of long‐term investors at outset. Based on this, they have introduced Multi Cumulative Prospect Theory (MCPT), which is based on CPT and considers the subjective utility generated by annual value changes. This paper shows that for MCPT‐investors, life‐cycle funds are typically more attractive than their corresponding balanced funds since they reduce the potential losses toward the end of the investment horizon. Hence, our findings provide an explanation for inferior decisions in old age provision. This can serve as a basis to improve such decisions.
Intermediate good sourcing, wages and inequality: From theory to evidence
Authors: Luck Philip
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the consequences of offshoring and outsourcing on domestic wages and wage inequality. I highlight the role of labor market frictions in impacting firms’ outsourcing and offshoring decisions; specifically, how differential costs of matching with workers affect the location of production (onshore or offshore) and how differential costs of assessing worker quality affect the ownership of intermediate production (intra‐firm or inter‐firm). I demonstrate how firm sourcing decisions can depend crucially on the industry skill intensity, which reflects the importance of worker–firm match quality, and as a result, the effect of offshoring on domestic labor depends on occupation and industry characteristics, as well as the ownership regime of trade. Bringing the theory to the data I rely on plausibly exogenous variation in the cost of inter‐ and intra‐firm offshoring to identify the effects of a change in each type of offshoring on domestic wages. I find strong evidence that the effect of offshoring on domestic wages—both on the average and on the wage distribution—is governed by the type of offshoring (inter‐ vs. intra‐firm), the skill intensity of the industry, and the offshorability of the occupation.
Dignity Strategies in a Neoliberal Workfare Kitchen Training Program
Authors: Wilcoxson Anna , Moore Kelly
Published: July 2019

Welfare‐to‐work training (workfare) programs are designed to technically and affectively prepare marginalized people for jobs that are often routinized and dirty. They are expected to accept personal responsibility for their situation and demonstrate submission to bosses as means of “working off” their “debt” to society. Ethnographic observation at workfare training sites has tended to emphasize the indignities that trainees suffer, with less attention to how workers maintain dignity in the face of these experiences. Using ethnographic observation and interviews in a Chicago workfare kitchen training program, we show that neoliberal kitchen training work encompasses paradoxical expectations for trainee‐workers; they must demonstrate high levels of discretion and creativity required in professional kitchen work and demonstrate submission to charismatic authority as a means of getting kitchen work done and of affective compliance with the goals of the program. To combat the direct efforts of others to produce indignities, trainees developed two dignity strategies that are highly dependent on the structure of kitchen work: operating in a slipstream, and banking confidence that allows them to take liberties normally allowed for chef‐trainers. These findings contribute to sociological understandings of workplace dignity, a privilege that has been especially elusive for the poor under welfare‐to‐work programs.
Implementing undergraduate quality improvement
Authors: Martin Martha , Wylie Ann , Dubras Louise , McKee Anne , Sethi Gulshan
Published: July 2019

Background

All clinicians need to have knowledge and expertise to undertake quality improvement (QI). In 2016, a London medical school initiated a core QI and evidence‐based practice module for fourth‐year students. We describe the structure and content of the module and analyse QI projects (QIPs) and student feedback.

Methods

We collected data on QIPs, including number and location, adherence to QI methodology and level of improvement achieved. We also examined end‐of‐module feedback with free text analysis of the written comments.

Results

A total of 398 students completed 99 QIPs: 90% were based in secondary care and 10% were based in primary care. A total of 72 projects (72%) led to improvements in clinical care, with 14% achieving their stated aim. Adherence to methodology was high: 75% had a ‘SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely)’ aim; 96% implemented at least one plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycle (range 1–4), and appropriate run charts for measures occurred in 80% of projects. QIPs were categorised based on their outcome: self‐help and self‐care, 12%; efficiency, 16%; prevention and early detection, 14%; drug safety, 11%; improvement to pathways and protocols, 44%; and improving patient experience 3%. The implementation challenges encountered were: suboptimal supervisor preparedness; student time limitations; and difficulties with the virtual learning platform. However, the experiences that QIPs offered in preparation for postgraduate training were appreciated by students.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated that students are able to robustly apply QI methodologies, equipping them to act as agents for change, learning as they do, and meaningfully improving QI capacity and capability in local health systems.
Aggressive Epstein‐Barr virus‐negative B‐cell post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a hepatitis C‐negative liver transplant recipient who received a hepatitis C‐positive graft: Implications for D+/R− hepatitis C virus seroconversion
Authors: Kutzler Heather L. , Collins Katrina , Maneckshana Bejon , Rochon Caroline , Einstein Michael , Mnayer Laila , Rezuke William N. , Sheiner Patricia , Serrano Oscar K.
Published: July 2019

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an uncommon, but well‐described complication after liver transplantation. Most recently, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implicated in the development of PTLD. A HCV‐negative 62‐year‐old man with autoimmune hepatitis received a HCV nucleic acid amplification test‐positive liver graft from a 73‐year‐old brain‐dead donor (D+/R−). After his recovery from the operation, the patient was treated for HCV and achieved an undetectable viral load. He was readmitted 6 months after transplant with a spontaneous perisplenic hematoma, weight loss, failure to thrive, low‐grade fevers, and abnormal liver function tests. He had a rapid clinical deterioration and expired shortly after admission. His liver biopsy demonstrated EBV‐negative monomorphic B‐cell PTLD. Our case is the first to report an aggressive early‐onset EBV‐negative monomorphic B‐cell PTLD in a HCV D+/R− liver transplant. This case illustrates the paucity of knowledge on HCV seroconversion and its involvement in EBV‐negative monomorphic B‐cell PTLD development.
Effects of short‐ and long‐term administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on osteotomy healing in dogs
Authors: Gallaher Hayley M. , Butler James R. , Wills Robert W. , Priddy Lauren B. , Elder Steven H. , Heller Sarah M. , Brinkman Erin , Baumgartner Wes
Published: July 2019

Objective

To determine the influence of short‐term administration of carprofen on bone healing in dogs.

Study design

Randomized controlled experimental study.

Animals

Eighteen purpose‐bred sexually mature hound dogs.

Methods

Tibial osteotomies were performed, and dogs were divided into three groups: no carprofen (n = 6), 2‐week administration of carprofen at 2.2 mg/kg twice daily (n = 6), and 8‐week administration of carprofen at 2.2 mg/kg twice daily (n = 5). Bone healing was evaluated radiographically at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Postmortem, fracture healing was assessed via biomechanical testing (three‐point bending), histological cartilage:callus ratio, and bone mineral density (BMD) with quantitative computed tomography.

Results

No biomechanical difference was detected between dogs that received no carprofen and those that received 2 weeks of carprofen or between those that received 2 weeks vs 8 weeks of carprofen. Stiffness (P = .035) and maximum stress (P = .042) were higher in dogs that received no carprofen than in those that received 8 weeks of carprofen. Radiographic healing did not differ between dogs without carprofen and those with 2‐week administration of carprofen (P = .9923). However, tibias of dogs without carprofen and those with 2‐week administration of carprofen were more healed compared with those in the 8‐week‐carprofen group at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery (P = .0011). No treatment effect was detected by cartilage:callus ratio or BMD.

Conclusion

Long‐term administration of carprofen had a negative effect on bone healing compared with short‐term or no administration of carprofen.

Clinical significance

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs should be used cautiously in dogs at risk for delayed bone healing, and administration should be discontinued beyond the perioperative period in dogs with fractures or osteotomies.
Offering Engineering Students Global Perspective Through Experiential Learning Project in Wind Energy and Sustainability
Authors: El-Gabry Lamyaa , Jaskolski Martina
Published: July 2019

Students from Princeton University partnered with students from the American University in Cairo in a three-week intensive hands-on field experience in Egypt. The project was to assemble, install, and test a wind mill-driven pump used for irrigation and to survey communities across Egypt in the Delta and Red Sea coast to assess water needs in these communities. The course offered a perspective on sustainable development in Egypt followed by water and energy resource challenges in Egypt's diverse geographic areas. Students assembled a wind pump and installed it at the American University in Cairo for testing prior to installation at El Heiz, a desert oasis community in the Western Desert. The students were selected from diverse backgrounds in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Operations Research and Financial Engineering, and learned the value of having diverse teams address engineering problems in a truly global context. This paper presents the case study including lessons learned in implementation of this experiential learning field project.
A New Practical Approach to the Design of Industrial Axial Fans: Tube-Axial Fans With Very Low Hub-to-Tip Ratio
Authors: Masi Massimo , Lazzaretto Andrea
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a simple but complete design method to obtain arbitrary vortex design tube-axial fans starting from fixed size and rotational speed. The method couples the preliminary design method previously suggested by the authors with an original revised version of well-known blade design methods taken from the literature. The aim of this work is to verify the effectiveness of the method in obtaining high-efficiency industrial fans. To this end, the method has been applied to a 315 mm rotor-only tube-axial fan having the same size and rotational speed, and a slightly higher flow rate coefficient, as another prototype previously designed by the authors, which was demonstrated experimentally to noticeably increase the pressure coefficient of an actual 560 mm industrial fan. In contrast, no constraints are imposed on the hub-to-tip ratio and pressure coefficient. The new design features a hub-to-tip ratio equal to 0.28 and radially stacked blades with aerodynamic load distribution corresponding to a roughly constant swirl at rotor exit. The ISO-5801 experimental tests showed fan efficiency equal to 0.68, which is 6% higher than that of the previous prototype. The pressure coefficient is lower, but still 12% higher than that of the benchmark 560 mm industrial fan.
Separation of Up and Downstream Forced Response Excitations of an Embedded Compressor Rotor
Authors: Hegde Shreyas , Mao Zhiping , Pan Tianyu , Zori Laith , Campregher Rubens , Kielb Robert
Published: July 2019

The aerodynamic interaction of upstream and downstream blade rows can have a significant impact on the forced response of the compressor. Previously, the authors carried out the forced response analysis of a three-row stator-rotor-stator (S1-R2-S2) configuration from a 3.5-stage compressor. However, since the stator vane counts in both the stators (S1 and S2) were the same, it was not possible to separate the excitations from both the rows as they excited the rotor at the same frequency. Hence, a new configuration was developed and tested in which the stator 1 blade count was changed to 38 and stator 2 blade count was maintained at 44 in order to study the individual influences of the stator on the embedded rotor. By using this method, the excitations from both rows can be determined, and the excitations can be quantified to determine the row having the maximum influence on the overall forcing. To achieve this, two sets of simulations were carried out. The three-row stator-rotor (S1-R2-S2) simulation was carried out at both the 38EO (engine order) and 44EO crossings at the peak efficiency (PE) operating condition. The two-row stator-rotor analysis (S1-R2) was carried out at the 38EO crossing, and the other two-Row (R2-S2) analyses were carried out at the 44EO crossing. The steady aerodynamics was preserved in both the cases. A study was done to determine the contribution of wave reflections from the stator inlet and exit planes to the forcing function. Two conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: (1) the modal force value decreased after the upstream stator was removed, which proved that wave reflections from this stator were significant and (2) the increase in modal force was in-line with experimental observations.
North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) acoustic behavior on the calving grounds
Authors: Parks Susan E. , Cusano Dana A. , Van Parijs Sofie M. , Nowacek Douglas P.
Published: July 2019

Passive acoustic monitoring is a common method for detection of endangered North Atlantic right whales. This study reports on the acoustic behavior of right whales on the winter calving grounds to assess their acoustic detectability in this habitat. In addition to known call types, previously undescribed low amplitude short broadband signals were detected from lactating females with calves. The production of higher amplitude tonal calls occurred at lower rates for lactating females than from other age/sex classes suggesting that passive acoustic monitoring may be less effective in detecting mother-calf pairs in this critical habitat area.
Hypnotic Susceptibility and the Attainment of Flowlike States during Exercise
Authors: Grove J. Robert , Lewis Michael A.E.
Published: July 2019

Hypnotic susceptibility and prior experience were investigated as correlates of flowlike states during exercise. Heart rate was also examined as a potential correlate of flow. Circuit trainers (N = 96) completed a 10-item flow questionnaire and recorded their heart rates as they moved between exercise stations. Results indicated that self-reports of flowlike states increased from early to late in the exercise sessions, but that the magnitude of change was greater for participants high in hypnotic susceptibility than for those low in hypnotic susceptibility. Prior experience was also significantly related to flow ratings, with participants having more than 6 months of prior experience providing higher ratings than those with less than 6 months of prior experience. No significant relationship was observed between exercise heart rate and self-reports of flow. The findings are discussed in relation to the model of flow proposed by Kimiecik and Stein (1992).
Validation of a Conceptual Model Characterizing Attention among International Rifle Shooters
Authors: Etzel Edward F.
Published: July 2019

Information is presented on the development and validation of a unique multidimensional, sport-specific model of attention among 71 world-class and/or potential world-class international rifle shooters. It was postulated that attention possesses five relatively independent subcomponent factors: capacity, duration, flexibility, intensivity, and selectivity. A 25-item, five-subscale questionnaire, the Riflery Attention Questionnaire (RAQ), was systematically developed utilizing Goldberg's intuitive-rational strategy as well as Jackson's general test-item development approach. Factor analysis and item analyses performed on each subscale generally supported the factor integrity of the model. A step-wise multiple regression analysis was also conducted to determine the extent to which subjects' RAQ responses predicted their shooting performance. A low positive relationship between the two was noted.
Perceptions of Arousal and Awareness of Physiological Responding Prior to and after Running 20 Kilometers
Authors: Hollandsworth James G. , Jones Gary E.
Published: July 2019

This study was designed to investigate runners' perceptions of arousal and awareness of physiological responding before and after a 20-kilometer (12.4- mile) race. Participants (N = 98) completed pre- and postquestionnaires that included measures of awareness of physiological responding and self-defined states of activation and arousal. In order to identify those variables related to performance, the finishers were divided into three groups: fast, moderate, and slow. A discriminant analysis revealed that miles run in training each week, resting pulse rate, and weight were the best predictors of group membership. Of the several psychological variables, only prerace tension discriminated between the groups, with the faster runners reporting themselves as more fearful and “clutched-up” before the race. In terms of pre-post physiological and psychological effects, it was found that running 20 kilometers resulted in a significant, increased awareness of physiological responding, increased feelings of being tired and relaxed, and decreased feelings of tension and energy. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Heart Rate Variability in Adults and Children: A Review
Authors: Winsley Richard
Published: July 2019

Adults’ cardiac autonomic regulation during exercise and in relation to peak oxygen uptake is well understood, however the situation in children is sparsely documented. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis provides a non-invasive tool to research sympathovagal balance. A predominance of parasympathetic mediated modulation is characterized by a greater degree of HRV and vice versa. The available data indicate the child’s response to be similar to that observed in adults; heart rate increase arises through withdrawal of parasympathetic modulation with ensuing increase in sympathetic modulation; aerobic training increases HRV and a positive correlation between peak oxygen uptake and a parasympathetic preponderance.
Correlates and Determinants of Bone Mineral Density in Prepubertal Girls
Authors: Wiebe Peter N. , Blimkie Cameron J.R. , Farpour-Lambert Nathalie , Briody Julie , Woodhead Helen , Cowell Chris , Howman-Giles Robert
Published: July 2019

The correlates and determinants of total body (TB), femoral neck (FN), greater trochanter (GT) and leg areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and FN volumetric (vol) BMD were investigated in 42 healthy 6–10-year-old girls. Predictor variables included age, height, weight, lean tissue mass (LTM), fat mass, percent body fat, physical activity level, calcium intake, isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength and endocrine (E2) status. Bone density and body composition were determined by dual energy-x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and pubertal status was self-determined. LTM, weight, age, knee extensor strength and fat mass were significantly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficients; 0.36 £ r ‡ 0.62) with TBaBMD. These same variables with the addition of height and knee flexor strength were significantly correlated (0.33 £ r ‡ 0.77) with leg aBMD. Only LTM correlated significantly with FNaBMD and none of the independent variables correlated with FNvolBMD or GTaBMD. Only LTM entered as a significant predictor in multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = 46.7%) for TBaBMD. In conclusion, estradiol status, dietary calcium intake and physical activity level appeared not to be important predictors of BMD in this population, whereas LTM was consistently correlated with most BMD measures and was the single significant determinant of TBaBMD in this study.
Relationship between Bone Mass and Habitual Physical Activity and Calcium Intake in 8–11-Year-Old Boys and Girls
Authors: Rowlands Ann V. , Powell Sarah M. , Eston Roger G. , Ingledew David K.
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to determine the relationship between bone mineral content, habitual physical activity, and calcium intake in children. Fifty-seven children, aged 8–11 years, wore pedometers for seven days to assess activity. Calcium intake was estimated by a 4-day food diary. Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD) were measured at the total proximal femur and femoral neck using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Regression analysis was used to assess contributions of physical activity and calcium intake to BMC, residualized for bone area and body mass. Physical activity explained 11.6% of the variance in residualized BMC at the proximal femur and 14.3% at the femoral neck (p < 0.05). Calcium intake added to the variance explained at the proximal femur only (9.8%, p < 0.05). This study provides evidence for an association between BMC and habitual physical activity.
Activity Patterns and Correlates among Youth: Differences by Weight Status
Authors: Taylor Wendell C. , Sallis James F. , Dowda Marsha , Freedson Patty S. , Eason Karen , Pate Russell R.
Published: July 2019

The purposes of the study were to assess differences in physical activity levels and correlates of physical activity among overweight (‡ 85 th percentile of body mass index for their sex and age) and non-overweight (< 85th percentile) youth. The sample included 509 seventh through twelfth graders. Activity was measured by a 7-day, 46-item activity checklist. Overweight girls were more sedentary than non-overweight girls (p < .03), and non-overweight girls engaged in more vigorous physical activity than overweight girls (p < .03). For boys, there were no significant differences in activity. The regression analyses for vigorous activity yielded the largest total R2’s (R2 = .49 for overweight and R2 = .27 for non-overweight.) The significant factor for overweight youth was greater athletic coordination (p < .01). For non-overweight youth, the significant factors were greater family support (p < .05), greater peer support (p < .001), fewer barriers (p < .03), and greater athletic coordination (p < .01). Correlates of physical activity vary by weight status of young people.
Control of TLR7-mediated type I IFN signaling in pDCs through CXCR4 engagement—A new target for lupus treatment
Authors: Smith Nikaïa , Rodero Mathieu P. , Bekaddour Nassima , Bondet Vincent , Ruiz-Blanco Yasser B. , Harms Mirja , Mayer Benjamin , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Quartier Pierre , Bodemer Christine , Baudouin Véronique , Dieudonné Yannick , Kirchhoff Frank , Sanchez Garcia Elsa , Charbit Bruno , Leboulanger Nicolas , Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Richard Yolande , Korganow Anne-Sophie , Münch Jan , Nisole Sébastien , Duffy Darragh , Herbeuval Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2019

CXCR4 engagement by amines leads to the control of IFN signaling in pDCs and opens new therapeutic perspectives in Lupus patients.
Molecular basis of tRNA recognition by the Elongator complex
Authors: Dauden Maria I. , Jaciuk Marcin , Weis Felix , Lin Ting-Yu , Kleindienst Carolin , Abbassi Nour El Hana , Khatter Heena , Krutyhołowa Rościsław , Breunig Karin D. , Kosinski Jan , Müller Christoph W. , Glatt Sebastian
Published: July 2019

The catalytic Elp123 subcomplex of Elongator specifically recognizes and binds tRNAs in its active site.
Translational impact of NIH-funded nonhuman primate research in transplantation
Authors: Knechtle Stuart J. , Shaw Julia M. , Hering Bernhard J. , Kraemer Kristy , Madsen Joren C.
Published: July 2019

NIH-funded transplantation research using nonhuman primates has improved immunosuppressive therapies in human transplant recipients.
Autoimmune receptor encephalitis in mice induced by active immunization with conformationally stabilized holoreceptors
Authors: Jones Brian E. , Tovar Kenneth R. , Goehring April , Jalali-Yazdi Farzad , Okada Nana J. , Gouaux Eric , Westbrook Gary L.
Published: July 2019

We report an active immunization mouse model of autoimmune
N
-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptor encephalitis that provides insights into the pathophysiology.
From mini-brains to neural networks
Authors: McCain Megan L.
Published: July 2019

Cells dissociated from cerebral organoids self-organize into two-dimensional neuronal networks with relatively advanced functionality.
Bordetella
Colonization Factor A (BcfA) Elicits Protective Immunity against Bordetella bronchiseptica in the Absence of an Additional Adjuvant
Authors: Yount Kacy S. , Jennings-Gee Jamie , Caution Kyle , Fullen Audra R. , Corps Kara N. , Quataert Sally , Deora Rajendar , Dubey Purnima
Published: July 2019

Bordetella bronchiseptica
is an etiologic agent of respiratory diseases in animals and humans. Despite the widespread use of veterinary
B. bronchiseptica
vaccines, there is limited information on their composition and relative efficacy and on the immune responses that they elicit. Furthermore, human
B. bronchiseptica
vaccines are not available. We leveraged the dual antigenic and adjuvant functions of
Bordetella
colonization factor A (BcfA) to develop acellular
B. bronchiseptica
vaccines in the absence of an additional adjuvant.
Serial Section Array Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Cells from Lung Autopsy Specimens following Fatal A/H1N1 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Kataoka Michiyo , Ishida Kinji , Ogasawara Katsutoshi , Nozaki Takayuki , Satoh Yoh-Ichi , Sata Tetsutaro , Sato Yuko , Hasegawa Hideki , Nakajima Noriko
Published: July 2019

Generally, it is difficult to observe IAV particles in postmortem samples from patients with seasonal influenza. In fact, only a few viral antigens are detected in bronchial epithelial cells from autopsied lung sections. Previously, we detected many viral antigens in AEC-IIs from the lung. This was because the majority of A/H1N1/pdm09 in the lung tissue harbored an aspartic acid-to-glycine substitution at position 222 (D222G) of the hemagglutinin protein. A/H1N1/pdm09 harboring the D222G substitution has a receptor-binding preference for α-2,3-linked sialic acids expressed on human AECs and infects them in the same way as H5N1 and H7N9 avian IAVs. Here, we report the first successful observation of virus particles, not only in AEC-IIs, but also in Ms/Mϕs and Neus, using electron microscopy. The finding of a M/Mϕ harboring numerous virus particles within vesicles and at the cell surface suggests that Ms/Mϕs are involved in the pathogenesis of IAV primary pneumonia.
Genome Sequences of Six Prophages Isolated from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Recovered from Human and Animal Clinical Specimens
Authors: Wipf Juliette R. K. , Deutsch Douglas R. , Westblade Lars F. , Fischetti Vincent A.
Published: July 2019

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
is a common bacterial pathogen in companion animal medicine and has demonstrated zoonotic potential. Here, we report six new
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
prophage genomes of the
Siphoviridae
family, identified in isolates recovered from human and canine clinical specimens.
Finished Genome Sequence of the Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Catabolizing Bacterium Pseudomonas putida 1290
Authors: Laird Tyler S. , Leveau Johan H. J.
Published: July 2019

Use of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source by
Pseudomonas putida
1290 is linked to the possession of a gene cluster that codes for conversion to catechol. Here, we present the genomic context of this
iac
gene cluster, which includes genes for IAA chemotaxis/transport and catechol catabolism.
Closed Genome Sequences of Three Salmonella enterica Strains Belonging to Serovars Saintpaul, Weltevreden, and Thompson, Isolated from Mexico
Authors: Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol , Aguirre-Sánchez J. R. , Ibarra-Rodríguez J. R. , Chaidez-Quiroz C. , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime
Published: July 2019

Here, we report the genome sequences of three
Salmonella enterica
strains belonging to serovars Weltevreden (CFSAN047349), Saintpaul (CFSAN047351), and Thompson (CFSAN047352), isolated from river water in Sinaloa, Mexico. The genomes were closed by a combination of long-read and short-read sequencing. The strain sequence types (STs) are ST365, ST50, and ST26, respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of GD1108, a Moderate-Virulence Strain of Human-Associated ST398 Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: McClure Jo-Ann , Shideler Steven M. , Zhang Kunyan
Published: July 2019

Staphylococcus aureus
multilocus sequence type 398 (ST398) is responsible for an increasing number of severe infections in humans. There are no reports detailing if all ST398 strains are equally virulent. We present the genome sequence of the moderate-virulence ST398 methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
strain GD1108, determined in a
Caenorhabditis elegans
infection model, to reveal the ST398 sublineage virulence.
Crossroads of geology in New Harmony, with a guide to historically significant Mississippian and Pennsylvanian exposures in south central and southwestern Indiana
Authors: Elliott William S.
Published: July 2019

The historic town of New Harmony is located along the Wabash River in Posey County, Indiana, and served as a focal point for natural scientists, especially geologists, in the early nineteenth century. Notable geologists that lived and worked in New Harmony during this time include Edward Travers Cox, William Maclure, Fielding Bradford Meek, Joseph Granville Norwood, David Dale Owen, Richard Dale Owen, Benjamin Franklin Shumard, Gerard Troost, and Amos Henry Worthen. Other natural scientists who worked in New Harmony include Charles Alexandre Lesueur and Thomas Say, and the town was also visited by James Hall, Leo Lesquereux, Sir Charles Lyell, and Alexander Philipp Maximilian, Prince of Wied.

The purpose of this field-trip guide is to highlight the scientific and geologic enterprise that operated in nineteenth-century New Harmony, Indiana. There will be a tour of historic buildings including laboratories used by David Dale Owen, such as the Rapp-Owen Granary and his fourth laboratory, which was constructed in 1859. Furthermore, field-trip participants will visit a new geology exhibit at the Working Men’s Institute, an organization established by William Maclure in 1838. The field excursion will also visit historically significant localities, including Mississippian and Pennsylvanian exposures, the type section of the West Franklin Limestone, and a Pennsylvanian paleobotanical site that yielded extensive collections of plant fossils in the mid-nineteenth century.

Finally, this field trip will provide an opportunity to discuss the importance of art to geological studies in the early nineteenth century. Specifically, hand-colored geologic maps, cross sections, and renderings of fossils were included with many of the scientific reports of historic New Harmony, and are reflected by the superb artwork of Charles Alexandre Lesueur, David Dale Owen, and Thomas Say. Access to view their original scientific artwork is possible only through special arrangement with the Working Men’s Institute.
Karst geology and hydrogeology of the Mitchell Plateau of south-central Indiana
Authors: Florea* Lee J. , Hasenmueller Nancy R. , Branam Tracy D. , Frushour Samuel S. , Powell Richard L.
Published: July 2019

The Mitchell Plateau of south-central Indiana is one of the iconic karst landscapes of the United States. The sinkhole-dimpled forests, fields, and farms; the extensive cave systems; and the deep windows into the groundwater system have fostered curiosity, exploration, and publication since the mid-1800s. This paper is designed to complement a field excursion to the classic features of this landscape. Included are literature reviews focused on three karst basins of the Mitchell Plateau: Mill Creek–Mosquito Creek, Bluespring Caverns, and Lost River. Geomorphic, hydrologic, and geochemical data are synthesized in the modern context of our understanding of epigenetic karst. Revealed are three styles of karst basin: (1) small, shallow karst aquifers strongly controlled by meteoric recharge and epikarst percolation; (2) intermediate-size karst aquifers with significant base flow and surface-water–groundwater interaction; and (3) regional aquifer systems with outcrop belt recharge, downdip transport into confinement with long water-rock interaction times, and artesian flow or entrainment of mineralized waters through fractures into springs or surface waters. Quaternary glaciation has greatly influenced the vertical position of base level through river incision and sediment aggradation; conduit development is controlled by proximity to the major rivers and the stratigraphic position of conduits.