bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opacidades amelogênicas em odontopediatria – revisão de literatura
Authors: Ramadan Letícia Plícila Barbosa Magalhães , Botelho Kátia Virgínia Guerra , Pimentel Adriana
Published: May 2019

Nos últimos anos têm se comentado cada vez mais sobre as opacidades, demarcada e difusa, em Odontologia, como forma de identificar-se seus fatores causais e possíveis formas de evitar sua ocorrência. Com maior frequência têm se deparado com pais preocupados com manchas nos dentes dos filhos e ansiosos para a remoção das mesmas e restabelecimento estético, cabendo aos odontopediatras, primeiros na identificação dessas, aprofundamento no assunto para o correto atendimento e esclarecimento aos pais. A etiologia das opacidades é diversa, podendo sua origem estar associada a distúrbios sistêmicos ou a fatores locais, ambos com pouca possibilidade de intervenção precoce para prevenção devido ao período inicial em que podem ocorrer. A amelogênese inicia-se na fase intrauterina, e devido às características inerentes aos ameloblastos, qualquer agressão sofrida nesta fase deixará marcas permanentes em sua estrutura. O melhor conhecimento e diagnóstico correto das opacidades foram os objetivos norteadores da pesquisa, como forma de expandir a capacidade do odontopediatra em lidar com tais situações na rotina clínica. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas em bases de dados online e levantados vinte e quatro artigos pertinentes e fidedignos para um bom embasamento científico e enriquecimento do trabalho. Ao final do trabalho, pôde-se perceber a maior procura profissional pelo conhecimento à respeito das opacidades amelogênicas, como forma de realizar-se melhores diagnósticos e intervir nos casos necessários. Evidenciou-se, também, a necessidade de maior interesse pelos profissionais de constantes estudo e acompanhamento de casos, fornecendo embasamento teórico para estudos que hão de vir.
Associação entre a doença periodontal e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Libório-Lago Cristiana da Costa , Camelier Fernanda Warken Rosa , Santos Carina Oliveira dos , Coutinho Marcio Ramos , Bittencourt Sandro , Camelier Aquiles Assunção
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão acerca da associação da doença periodontal com a Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC).Metodologia e resultados: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura. Os descritores em português foram selecionados no DeCS (BVS), “doença periodontal”, “doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica” e “periodontite crônica”, e em inglês, no MeSH, “periodontal disease”, “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” e “chronic periodontitis”. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, através dos portais PubMed, Capes e BVS, no período de 1999 a 2018. Foram selecionados 49 artigos e o relatório de consenso elaborado pela Iniciativa Global para DPOC (GOLD).Conclusões: A DPOC é a quarta causa de morte no mundo e apesar do número crescente de publicações, poucos estudos foram realizados na América do Sul. Os estudos mostram que a DPOC e a doença periodontal possuem fatores de risco e comorbidades em comum e cuja associação pode acontecer pela presença de bactérias na cavidade oral (aspiradas ou via corrente sanguínea) e por serem, ambas, doenças inflamatórias de caráter essencialmente neutrofílico. A maioria dos estudos evidenciou piores índices periodontais nos pacientes com DPOC, associando-se a uma maior frequência de exacerbações. Por outro lado, a DPOC também pode ser um fator de risco para o aumento da severidade da doença periodontal. Desta forma, a introdução do tratamento periodontal e ações educativas para promoção de saúde bucal no protocolo de acompanhamento da DPOC pode propiciar maior abrangência e resolutividade no tratamento destes pacientes.
Main risk factors in initial and late dental implant failures: a literature review
Authors: Scalzer Lopes Guilherme da Rocha , Matos Jefferson
Published: May 2019

In view of the above, the purpose of the present study was to review the literature on the main risk factors for early and late failure of implants. This study used the main databases: PUBMED and ScIELO to research scientific articles written between 1981 and 2018 in Portuguese and English. In the search we used the following descriptors: Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Treatment Failure; Dental Implants. Therefore, 65 articles were selected in which they fit the respective inclusion criteria. The studies showed that to minimize the occurrence of initial and final failures, it is mandatory to understand the pathogenesis and risk factors, to describe the signs and symptoms, and to clarify future clinical implications; where the majority of implant studies evaluate early and late failures separately. In the analysis of initial failures, some of the causal factors most frequently reported are smoking, infection, use of short implants, systemic factors, pre-existing periodontal disease and poor bone quality and quantity. It is concluded that there are innumerous risk factors for failure of implants, be it early or late; in the early faults, the main factors include smoking, either in the anterior or posterior region of the implant, and bone quality and quantity. While in the late failures we can mention the occlusal overload, parafunctional habits, the size of the implant, with respect to the diameter and length, as well as monitoring and maintenance of the prostheses.
Reabilitação estética de dentes anteriores com laminados cerâmicos: relato de caso
Authors: Pereira Tassia Monique , Bezerra Rebeca Barroso , Machado Andre Wilson
Published: May 2019

Introdução: A crescente valorização da beleza tem levado os profissionais e pacientes a buscarem alternativas de tratamento para modificar a aparência do sorriso. Atendendo esta demanda em que se encontra a Odontologia Restauradora Estética, a técnica com lente de contato dental em cerâmica como opção de procedimento reabilitador tem alcançado destaque, pois consegue solucionar problemas estéticos e funcionais com menor desgaste da estrutura dental. Objetivo: O relato de caso aqui apresentado descreve o tratamento minimamente invasivo dos dentes anteriores com laminado de porcelana para restaurar a estética e a função. Relato do caso: A paciente procurou tratamento odontológico relatando insatisfação com o sorriso. Durante a avaliação, foi observado desarmonia de volume e proporção entre os dentes anterossuperiores com a face da paciente. Diante disso, o tratamento proposto foi a reabilitação com lentes de contato dentais em cerâmica nas unidades 1.3 ao 2.3. Após fotografias extra e intraorais foi realizado o planejamento digital do sorriso, enceramento e mock-up. Os preparos para as lentes de contato dental consistiram na remoção de áreas retentivas, em seguida, foram moldados e as restaurações confeccionadas no sistema IPS e.max. Após prova de cor e adaptação, os preparos e a superfície interna das lentes dentais foram tratadas e cimentadas com cimento resino fotopolimerizável. Conclusão: O tratamento realizado conseguiu reproduzir a aparência estética e natural dos dentes e integração da restauração com a face da paciente, obtendo harmonia e naturalidade no sorriso.
O paciente portador da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono está mais propenso a desenvolver uma Disfunção Temporomandibular?
Authors: Andrade Adriana Castro Vieira , De Santana Neto Carlos Sampaio , Ferreira Silvia Leticia Sena , Oliveira Mario Cezar da Silva , Vieira Alex Correa , Sampaio Nelia de medeiros
Published: May 2019

Introdução: A Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) é comumente relacionada a dores crônicas, entre eles a disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Os problemas envolvendo a ATM também apresentam reflexos na qualidade do sono, o que indicaria uma possível inter-relação entre esses dois distúrbios. Objetivos: analisar a relação da DTM com a SAOS e investigar se há força de evidência desta associação nos estudos científicos. Metodologia: Este artigo adotou como metodologia a revisão integrativa. As bases de dados utilizadas para a pesquisa foram PubMed, Lilacs, IBICT e Cochrane. Foram selecionados seis artigos a partir da pesquisa e critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Todos os trabalhos foram fichados e classificados de acordo com o nível de evidência científica dos desenhos de seus estudos. Resultados: Os artigos encontrados revelaram haver uma forte tendência a pacientes que possuem SAOS desenvolver DTM. No entanto, a confirmação das suspeitas clínicas ainda não é possível. Conclusão: São necessários novos estudos, com instrumentos de pesquisa melhores e com maior grau de recomendação científica para que possam embasar com maior segurança as condutas terapêuticas dos profissionais da saúde
Acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico de dentes decíduos submetidos à pulpotomias com a pasta CTZ: relatos de casos
Authors: Melo Joana Vitória , De Oliveira Regina , Dantas-Neta Neusa , De Andrade Éllen Maria
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: A técnica da pulpotomia em dentes decíduos utilizando a pasta CTZ (cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, óxido de zinco) é caracterizada por ser uma técnica de fácil execução, apresentando sucesso clínico considerável. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico de dentes decíduos que foram submetidos à pulpotomia com a pasta CTZ em quatro pacientes. Descrição dos casos: O trabalho foi aprovado pelo CEP da DeVry | Facid (CAAE 57347016.5.0000.5211). Os responsáveis pelos participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Os participantes assinaram o Termo de Assentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TALE). As 3 crianças relatadas apresentaram pelo menos um dente decíduo tratado endodonticamente com a técnica do CTZ, com restauração em condições clínicas satisfatórias e radiografia de diagnóstico com imagens nítidas do dente que foi avaliado. Os aspectos relacionados aos dentes decíduos como, dor, abscesso, fístula, mobilidade e alteração na cor foram avaliados nos 3 casos. As radiografias do dente submetido à pulpotomia com CTZ após 1 mês foram comparadas com as radiografias de pré-operatório e pós-operatório para verificação de reabsorção óssea e reabsorção radicular interna e/ou externa. Foi observado em todos os 3 dentes, alteração de cor da coroa e em apenas 1 elemento a presença de dor após sete dias. Radiograficamente, os dentes não apresentaram critérios de insucesso da pulpotomia, apresentando ausência de espessamento do ligamento periodontal e a presença de neoformação óssea. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que a pulpotomia em dentes decíduos com polpa necrosada, utilizando como material a pasta CTZ, se mostrou efetiva nos três acompanhamentos relatados, após 30 dias de sua realização. Ao final do acompanhamento, os dentes não apresentaram fístula, abscesso, mobilidade dentária patológica, reabsorção óssea, reabsorção interna e/ou externa e houve regressão da lesão.
Impacto das orientações de higiene bucal usando o IHOS em pessoas com síndrome de Down
Authors: Figueiredo Mariana Soares , Polla Bruno João , Matos de Andrade Éllen Maria , Nogueira Daniela Nunes , Dantas-Neta Neusa Barros
Published: May 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: Os indivíduos com síndrome de Down (SD) tendem a apresentar baixos níveis de higiene bucal, com presença de gengivite e acúmulo de biofilme dental. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o índice de higiene bucal após palestra educativa sobre orientação de higiene bucal em indivíduos com Síndrome de Down e determinar a experiência de cárie. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em uma Associação de Pais e Amigos Teresina-PI, composto por 28 indivíduos com SD. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da FACID sob parecer 44289214.1.0000.5211. Os responsáveis pelos participantes assinaram termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e responderam um questionário semiestruturado. O exame clínico foi realizado por único examinador, o qual avaliou o Índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHOS) em dois momentos, tempo 1 e 15 dias após e experiência de cárie (índice CPO-D). Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados e Teste Exato de Fisher, considerando significativo valores de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: 57,7% dos participantes eram do gênero masculino, 15,4% tomavam medicamentos de uso contínuo e 19,2 usavam fio dental. A média de CPO-D foi 3,15 (±2,29). Houve aumento na quantidade de pessoas consideradas com IPV bom após 15 dias de orientação de higiene bucal (p=0,003). A presença de sangramento após a escovação diminuiu 19,2% após os 15 dias da apresentação da palestra educativa. CONCLUSÃO: As orientações de higiene bucal foram efetivas para reduzir o nível de placa dental nesses indivíduos e a maioria possuía experiência com cárie.
Toz yatağı katmanlı imalat prosesinde yüzey dokusu ve form karakterizasyonu
Authors: POYRAZ Özgür , SOLAKOĞLU Ezgi Uğur , ÖREN Soner , TÜZEMEN Cansinem , AKBULUT Güray
Published: May 2019

Toz yatağında lazer katmanlı (eklemeli) imalat sonrası elde edilen yüzey
kalitesi, parçaların, boyutsal doğruluğu ve herhangi bir yüzey işlemi
olmaksızın kullanımını sınırlandıran etkenlerden biridir. Bu durumun temel
sebebi prosesin doğası gereği ortaya çıkan ve diğer katmanlı imalat
proseslerinde de görülen merdiven etkisidir. Merdiven etkisi görülen bir
komponent yüzeyindeki geometrik ve form hataları montaj edilebilirlik, akış
performans düşüşü ve yorulma başta olmak üzere çok sayıda riski beraberinde getirmektedir.
Merdiven etkisinin engellenmesi için katmanlı imalat proses parametreleri
optimizasyonu, ikincil işlemler ile yüzey temizleme ve/veya proses modelleme
uygulanabilir. Bunlar arasından ikincil işlemler, ek zaman ve maliyet ortaya
çıkardığı için daha az tercih edilmektedir. Proses modellemede ise, literatürde
kullanılan geometrik modellerin sadece katman kalınlığını dikkate alması,
farklı malzeme ve proses parametreleri için yakınsama oranlarını yetersiz
kılmaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak parametre optimizasyonu tek bir parçaya yönelik
olduğunda, farklı geometrik unsurların etkileri görülememektedir. Bu çalışmada
sırası ile düz, açılı ve farklı yuvarlatma yarıçaplarına sahip yenilikçi numune
geometrileri tasarlanmış ve Inconel 625 malzemeden toz yatağında lazer katmanlı
imalat ile üretilmiştir. Üretilen numuneler üzerinde yüzey dokusu ve form
karakterizasyon incelemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı unsur ve ölçüler için
elde edilen sonuçlar sunularak, geometrik özelliklere bağlı yüzey kalitesi ve
form değişim eğilimleri elde edilmiş, parametrelerin etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of common fetal aneuploidies v1
Authors: Noveski Predrag , Terzic Marija , Vujovic Marija , Kuzmanovska Maja , Sukarova Stefanovska Emilija , Plaseska-Karanfilska Dijana
Published: May 2019

Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) is reliable and efficient method for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of common fetal aneuploidies. In this protocol we first describe a procedure for isolation of DNA from amniocytes and chorionic villi with the use of commercial kit intended for the isolation of nucleic acids from viruses, which, taking into account the phenomenon of increased fragmentation of the DNA material of fetal origin, proved to be appropriate for prenatal diagnosis. (Section 1). As part of the isolation procedure, we also include a procedure for treating amniotic fluid with visible contamination (blood with possible origin from the mother).Тhe presented procedure consists of simple physical separation of the maternal blood cells from the fetal material in order to reduce the failure rate due to maternal cell contamination. In the second part of the protocol (Section 2) we are presenting procedure for performing the QF-PCR analysis. Here, we describe an in-house one-tube multiplex QF-PCR method including 20 PCR markers (15 STR markers and 5 fixed size) for rapid prenatal diagnosis of chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y aneuploidies, which targeted in total 26 genomic positions. Of them, three markers (D13S258, D13S305 and D13S1817) were for analysis of the aneuploidies for the chromosome 13, four (D18S386, D18S390, D18S391 and D18S535) for the chromosome 18, four (D21S1411, D21S1414, D21S1435 and D21S1446) for the chromosome 21 and six for the analysis of the sex chromosome aneuploidies. Two of the sex chromosome markers (DXS6803 and XHPRT) amplified sequences only on chromosome X (for counting chromosome X), two (AMELX/Y and DXYS218) co-amplified sequences of both X and Y chromosomes (for counting chromosomes X and Y in male samples and chromosome X in female samples), one (TAF9B) was for co-amplification of sequences on chromosomes X and 3 (for counting chromosome X) and one (SRY) located on chromosome Y was for male sex determination. Three remaining markers (MYPT2/Y, DYS448 and CDY1/2) were used simultaneously for detection of the Y chromosome aneuploidies and microaberrations in the azoospermia factor region “c” (AZFc), located on the Y chromosome. For the cases with inconclusive results, we used additional QF-PCR reactions specific for given chromosome (Section 3). For chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 the primers were combined in one multiplex reaction each: four STR markers for chromosome 13 (D13S742, D13S628, D13S634 and D13S631), three STR markers for chromosome 18 (D18S51, D18S1367 and D18S978) and four STR markers for chromosome 21 (D21S1437, D21S11, D21S1412 and D21S1441). For the sex chromosomes we have used three markers as separate PCR reactions (for DXS6809, DXS996 and X22) and additionaly if needed, previously published multiplex reaction [File 1] for detection of sex chromosome aneuploidies in infertile patients.
scNMT-seq v2
Authors: Clark Stephen
Published: May 2019

Here we describe the full wetlab protocol for scNMT-seq (single-cell nucleosome position, methylome and transcriptome sequencing), a plate-based single-cell multi-omic method. In scNMT-seq, a GpC methyltransferase is used to label non-nucleosome bound DNA thus encoding chromatin accessiblity information within the genomic DNA. Bisulfite conversion is then used to discriminate the two chromatin states which can be read from GpC dinucleotide positions. Endogenous DNA methylation is read from the CpG positions of the same molecules and gene expression data is obtained by capturing poly-A RNA on magnetic beads and pysically separating before the gDNA is bisulfite converted. This mRNA on beads is pocessed using Smart-seq2. The protocol is carried out in 96w plates and typically takes 3-4 days to complete.
DNA-Encoded Library and Drug Discovery v1
Authors: Brown Alex
Published: May 2019

In fact, as early as 1875, Cayley had begun to notice the concept of chemical space and made many attempts to describe the chemical space. With the development of science and technology and the vigorous development of drug research in recent decades, many domestic and foreign scientists have done very important work in expanding chemical space and increasing the diversity of drug molecules. Martin D. Burke and other researchers are advocates of “Diversity-Oriented Synthesis”, which is clearly stated in the article “A Planning Strategy for Diversity-Oriented Synthesis”, and the method of diversity-directed synthesis can be elaborated to more deeply expand the drug-like molecules more efficiently. Covering more chemical space will bring more possibilities for drug-forming molecules. However, how to rapidly synthesize more types of small molecule compounds and screen for drug activity will become a greater challenge. Then DNA coding compound library comes to rescue, which can help solve the above problems well. In 1992, Brenner, S. and Lerner, R. A., two scientists propose the concept of DNA coded library for the first time in the “Encoded combinatorial chemistry”, as well as other elements like the theoretical basis and experimental methods from the establishment of DNA coded library to the final compound screening.
Electroporation transformation of FITC-dextran into Oxyrrhis marina - an early branching dinoflagellate. v2
Authors: Irwin Nicholas , Elisabeth Hehenberger not provided , Cooney Liz , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Patrick Keeling not provided
Published: May 2019

Here we describe a protocol for transforming Oxyrrhis marina with FITC-labelled dextran (a DNA analog) by electroporation. This protocol is reproducible, and results in a transformation efficiency of around 1%. We have confirmed the viability of transformed cells by allowing them to recover in the dark (and thus maintain fluorescence intensity) and then by observing fluorescent cells swimming normally, days after transformation (see the videohere). NOTE ON AUTOFLUORESCENCE Although Oxyrrhis is a non-photosynthetic dinoflagellate and therefore lacks plastid autofluorescence, we have observed a small amount of green autofluorescence that is typically isolated in the anterior of the cell (See top panel of figure 1). The autofluorescence was observed in wildtype cells, cells electroporated without FITC-dextran, and cells that w As of yet we have been unable to demonstrate the actual uptake of plasmid DNA. We have tried using rhodamine labelled plasmids to demonstrate this but the results were inconclusive due to issues with cellular autofluorescence. We have also tried this method with a variety of expression plasmidsencoding different promoters. For example, we tried the MOE promoter fromPerkinsus marinus(a closely related species) and the generic eukaryotic CMV promoter. However no GFP fluorescence was detected in these samples. We have also tried transformingin vitro synthesized GFP encoding mRNA using this protocol. As of yet, no GFP production has been detected, but this may reflect non-cannonical translational systems in dinoflagellates as the same mRNA could be translated in starfish embryos. Although the development of expression systems in dinoflagellates remains a challenge, our results suggest thatO. marina may be amenable to genetic transformation.
Electroporation transformation of FITC-dextran into Oxyrrhis marina - an early branching dinoflagellate. v3
Authors: Irwin Nick , Elisabeth Hehenberger not provided , Cooney Liz , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Patrick Keeling not provided
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION Here we describe a protocol for transforming Oxyrrhis marina with FITC-labelled dextran (a DNA analog) by electroporation. This protocol is reproducible, and results in a transformation efficiency of around 1%. We have confirmed the viability of transformed cells by allowing them to recover in the dark (and thus maintain fluorescence intensity) and then by observing fluorescent cells swimming normally, days after transformation (see the videohere). NOTE ON AUTOFLUORESCENCE Although Oxyrrhis is a non-photosynthetic dinoflagellate and therefore lacks plastid autofluorescence, we have observed a small amount of green autofluorescence that is typically isolated in the anterior of the cell (See top panel of Figure 1). The autofluorescence was observed in wildtype cells, cells electroporated without FITC-dextran, and cells that were incubated with FITC-dextran but not electroporated. The autofluorescence was observed in cultures with both Dunaliella tertiolecta or heat-killed E. coli. The brightness and frequency of the autofluorescence also seemed to be dependent on culture conditions. Not all cells had the autofluorescence. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION As of yet we have been unable to demonstrate the actual uptake of plasmid DNA. We have tried using rhodamine labelled plasmids to demonstrate this but the results were inconclusive due to issues with cellular autofluorescence. We have also tried this method with a variety of expression plasmidsencoding different promoters. For example, we tried the MOE promoter fromPerkinsus marinus(a closely related species) and the generic eukaryotic CMV promoter. However no GFP fluorescence was detected in these samples. We have also tried transformingin vitro synthesized GFP encoding mRNA using this protocol. As of yet, no GFP production has been detected, but this may reflect non-cannonical translational systems in dinoflagellates as the same mRNA could be translated in starfish embryos. Although the development of expression systems in dinoflagellates remains a challenge, our results suggest thatO. marina may be amenable to genetic transformation.
Control of Regenerative Self-Excited Vibrations in the Milling Process
Authors: Shagniev O. B. , Shanshin I. K. , Burdakov S. F.
Published: May 2019

The problem of the occurrence and rapid suppression of vibrations arising in the process of milling using robot arm is considered. It is assumed that the tool (cutter) is connected with the robot by an elastic suspension, which is used for the force sensation of the robot. Based on the mathematical model of regenerative self-excited vibrations (chattering), the simulation of the system "robot-tool-work surface" was carried out. The tool moves evenly along the work surface with a given pressure on it. The cutter is pressed using the position-force control algorithm based on two PID-controllers with coordinate and force feedbacks. It provides the necessary axial depth of cut. Uniform movement along the work surface is carried out using the velocity control algorithm based on PID-controller with velocity feedback. It provides the required tool feed. Several authors have experimentally and analytically shown that in the process of milling "on the track" unstable regenerative self-oscillations can occur. Track remains on the machined surface during the previous cutter tooth pass. Chattering is a deterrent to increase productivity which mainly depends on rotation speed of cutter and the axial depth of cut. In this paper we consider the possibility of promptly detecting the onset of unstable auto-oscillations from the amplitude spectrum of the sensor readings of the horizontal forces of interaction between the instrument and the work surface. The amplitude spectrum is obtained using the fast Fourier transform, which allows to promptly determine the beginning of unstable processes in system. The subsequent decrease of the axial depth of cut (within one to two percent) almost completely stabilizes the cutting process. This paper proposes a variant of adaptation contour for the robot vertical movement control system based on the allowable change of the axial depth of cut.
Lesions of the nervous system in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (literature review)
Authors: Mukhina E. V. , Kotov A. S.
Published: May 2019

This article provides an overview of the current literature on the most common complication of type 1 diabetes in children – diabetic neuropathy (DN). Diabetic neuropathy is a consequence of the widespread defeat of neurons and their processes in the central and peripheral nervous system due to metabolic, vascular and immune changes in diabetes and manifested in most children and adolescents with distal polyneuropathy and autonomic neuropathy. The mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the development of DN are discussed in the article, and it is noted that the clinical picture of DN is diverse and depends on the severity, nature of the lesion and the type of nerve fibers. The article deals with diagnostics, the criteria for diagnosis and treatment of DN.
Shall we treat patients with benign epileptiform discharges of childhood without epileptic seizures?
Authors: Ermolenko N. A. , Bakhtin I. S. , Buchneva I. A.
Published: May 2019

Benign epileptiform discharges of childhood are age-dependent electroencephalogram patterns associated with idiopathic benign focal epilepsy. Multiple studies have demonstrated that focal epileptiform discharges can be registered in patients without any clinical manifestations of epilepsy. Long-term follow-up of clinically healthy children with benign epileptiform discharges of childhood on electroencephalogram demonstrated that 14 % of them developed epileptic seizures with age and 50 % developed various cognitive and behavioral disorders. The question of whether or not to treat such patients (with benign epileptiform discharges of childhood on electroencephalogram but without epileptic seizure) is still being widely discussed. Individual decision making with the consideration of potential risks and benefits for a patient is preferable in this case. Valproic acid is the drug of first choice in these patients.
Modern possibilities of organ-preserving treatment of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Startsev Vladimir J. , Dilenok Ivan N. , Dzhemilev Timur R.
Published: May 2019

The article reviews the current trends in the organ-preserving treatment of patients with muscular-invasive bladder cancer. An historical insight into the treatment tactics for this malignant disease included. The current trends in the use of surgical technology, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as molecular genetic diagnostic in patients with invasive bladder carcinomas are demonstrated. Due to the lack of randomized studies we are not able to use such organ-preserving techniques into practice, but it allows to performthis approach in carefully selected groups of patients.
Surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: the past and the present
Authors: Mustafaev Ali T. , Kyzlasov Pavel S. , Dianov Maksim P. , Martov Aleksej G. , Ergakov Dmitrij V. , Sevryukov Fedor A.
Published: May 2019

The article reflects the history of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia from the age of antiquity to the present day. Approaches to surgical treatment have undergone significant changes in the last century – from traumatic open operations to minimally invasive surgical interventions using innovative endoscopic technologies. However, some issues in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia remain unresolved which leads to the search for new, safer and more effective methods of surgical treatment of the disease.
ArtÃ­culo SatisfacciÃ³n sexual y compromiso organizacional en trabajadores del sector pÃºblico y privado de la ciudad de Trujillo (PerÃº), aÃ±o 2017
Authors: Baltodano Nontol Luz
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de la presente investigaciÃ³n ha sido el de determinar la relaciÃ³n existente entre la satisfacciÃ³n sexual y el compromiso organizacional de trabajadores del sector pÃºblico y privado en la ciudad de Trujillo (PerÃº), aÃ±o 2017. Para ello se planteÃ³ una investigaciÃ³n con enfoque cuantitativo, de diseÃ±o correlacional, no experimental y de corte transversal, estando constituida la muestra por 500 personas que venÃ­an laborando en diversas organizaciones del sector pÃºblico y privado de la ciudad de Trujillo y que quisieron formar parte de la presente investigaciÃ³n, a las que se les aplicÃ³ un cuestionario autoadministrado. Los resultados de la investigaciÃ³n determinaron que la relaciÃ³n existente entre satisfacciÃ³n sexual y compromiso organizacional de los trabajadores del sector pÃºblico y privado de la ciudad de Trujillo (PerÃº), era directa o positiva (0.190) y significativa al nivel de p<0.01.
ArtÃ­culo AnÃ¡lisis estratÃ©gico en el sector de educaciÃ³n bÃ¡sica: caso de una instituciÃ³n educativa de gestiÃ³n privada de la ciudad de Trujillo (PerÃº), 2017
Authors: Ramirez Salinas Luis , Ferradas Burga Matias Martin
Published: May 2019

El propÃ³sito de la presente investigaciÃ³n ha sido realizar el anÃ¡lisis estratÃ©gico de una InstituciÃ³n educativa de gestiÃ³n privada de la ciudad de Trujillo (PerÃº), como paso previo a la formulaciÃ³n de su plan estratÃ©gico. El estudio efectuado ha seguido un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, con diseÃ±o no experimental, de alcance descriptivo y de corte transversal. Las tÃ©cnicas y los instrumentos de recolecciÃ³n de datos usados han sido diversos (encuestas, entrevistas y anÃ¡lisis documental) y han respondido a la naturaleza de las variables investigadas. El anÃ¡lisis estratÃ©gico ha seguido los lineamientos establecidos por la metodologÃ­a FODA (fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas), buscando identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de la organizaciÃ³n bajo el enfoque de capacidades propuesto por Serna GÃ³mez y las oportunidades y amenazas del entorno en base al modelo de las 5 fuerzas de Porter (microentorno) y al modelo PESTA (macroentorno). Los resultados han demostrado la utilidad prÃ¡ctica de la metodologÃ­a FODA como una eficaz herramienta para el anÃ¡lisis estratÃ©gico de las organizaciones y han apoyado los postulados teÃ³ricos expuestos por la literatura especializada en el campo del planeamiento estratÃ©gico.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of omega 3 fatty acids and fenofibrate with background atorvastatin therapy in patients of atherogenic dyslipidaemia
Authors: Arora Ankit , Singh Navyug Raj , Sharma Rajiv
Published: May 2019

Background: Trials of atorvastatin combined either with fenofibrate or with omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) have shown promising results in atherogenic dyslipidemia but there are very few studies where both these TGs lowering agents have been compared with each other. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and safety of these two agents on lipid profile of patients of atherogenic dyslipidaemia on background statin therapy and also to monitor effects of these interventions on serum uric acid (SUA) levels.Methods: About 90 patients of dyslipidemia were randomised to 3 groups and received O3FA (2000 mg), fenofibrate (80 mg) or dietary restrictions, each with atorvastatin (20 mg) in background for a period of 90 days. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C,TGs, LDL-C, SGOT and SGPT levels were done at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Other parameters (SUA and BMI) were done at baseline and 12 weeks.Results: Both group 1 (O3FA) and group 2 (fenofibrate) showed highly significant fall in TG levels (p <0.001) in comparison to group 3 (dietary restrictions) whereas comparative TG reduction between groups 1 and group 2 was not significant. Group 2 also showed significant fall in LDL-C levels (p <0.01) in comparison to group 3. LDL-C reduction, TG reduction and SUA reduction was more in group 2 compared to group 1 followed by group 3. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse effects in three study groups.Conclusions: Combination of fenofibrate and atorvastatin was more effective than that of omega-3 fatty acid and atorvastatin, in lowering serum TG and LDL-C levels. There was a significant reduction in SUA levels in all three groups, but combination of fenofibrate and atorvastatin again showed better outcomes. With respect to the safety, all the 3 groups were comparable. O3FA, however, may be a good alternative to fibrates in patients not tolerating latter.
Evaluation of antiatherogenic effect of Alternanthera brasiliana Linn kuntz in rats on atherogenic diet
Authors: Choudhury Urmi , Devi Tarali , Borah Asha
Published: May 2019

Background: Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for systemic atherosclerosis and a well-known etiological factor for cardiovascular diseases and its complications which is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In a recent study, the antihyperlipidemic activity of dried leaves extract of Alternanthera brasiliana has been evaluated. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic potential of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz (MEAB) in high fat diet induced hypercholesterolemic rat model.Methods: Thirty (30) wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into five groups: first two groups received normal diet and high fat diet respectively and the remaining three groups received high fat diet supplemented with methanolic extract of Alternanthera brasiliana (MEAB) administered orally daily at two different doses: 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and Atorvastatin 10 mg/kg/day orally as standard respectively. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was estimated after 12 weeks. Atherogenic index was calculated from the results of lipid profile. At the end, the aorta was removed for assessment of atherosclerotic plagues.Results: Our results showed that MEAB possessed significant cholesterol lowering potency as indicated by decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) accompanied by an increase in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and reduces the atherosclerotic lesion of aorta (p <0.05).Conclusions: These results strongly suggests that MEAB can prevent the progress of atherosclerosis likely due to the effect of A. brasiliana on serum lipoproteins and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It could be a potential therapy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
A retrospective analysis of antibiogram on urinary isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Trivandrum, India
Authors: K. Pramodh , T. Thansila L. , S. Pushpajan K. , Jacob Lallu Mariam
Published: May 2019

Background: Antimicrobial resistance among bacterial strains is an emerging problem. Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans both in the hospital and the community settings. Gram-negative bacilli are the common pathogens isolated in urine. These uropathogens have developed resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. This severely limits the effective empirical treatment options. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial uropathogens isolated from patients attending a tertiary care hospital Trivandrum.Methods: Urine samples received for culture in the laboratory between 6 month periods was cultured in MacConkey agar and blood agar plates. The growth from urine cultures was processed for identification and antibiotic susceptibility as per standard methods. The details of urinary pathogens grown from urine samples and their Antibiogram profile were collected from the records.Results: Out of 924 specimens investigated for significant bacteriuria, 226 shows  positive cultures.  E.coli and Klebsiella were the predominant pathogens isolated. Antibiotics like 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and cotrimoxazole are the usual empirical treatment options, these organisms have developed resistance towards the latter which might make the empirical therapy less effective.Conclusions: Gram-negative bacilli were the predominant pathogens isolated and many were resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Routine surveillance and monitoring studies need to be constantly conducted to update clinicians on the prevalent pathogens for the rational and empirical treatment of bacteriuria. Beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitors, aminoglycosides, carbapenem, and nitrofurantoin showed low resistance so they should be considered as empirical treatment options.
Combating protein energy wasting in end stage kidney disease: role of exogenous proteolytic enzyme as an adjuvant to dietary protein
Authors: Singh Vishal
Published: May 2019

Background: Despite interventions, the prevalence of protein energy wasting in patients on dialysis continues to be unacceptably high. The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of exogenous proteolytic enzyme, as an adjuvant to dietary protein in improving the nutritional status.Methods: This is a retrospective, real world, single centre, observational study, aimed at assessing the changes in key nutritional indices, over 6 months in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) initiated on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The intervention included addition of egg protein and use of an exogenous proteolytic enzyme. Three cohorts were identified. Cohort 1, had access to a nephrologist and CAPD counsellor; Cohort 2, in addition had access to a dietician who emphasized the need for increase in dietary protein in form of 4-6 eggs a day; and cohort 3, were in addition given an exogenous proteolytic enzyme with the major protein meal.Results: The absolute fall in serum albumin at 6 months for the cohort 1, 2 and 3 is 0.48, 0.29 and 0.09 gm/dl respectively. Not only was the fall in serum albumin significantly less with the use of exogenous proteolytic enzyme, a higher proportion of patients were able to maintain or improve their serum albumin. The fall in midarm circumference was maximum in cohort 1 (2.08 cm) and least in cohort 3 (0.45 cm). This positive trend however, did not achieve statistical significance.Conclusions: Use of exogenous proteolytic enzyme, when combined with egg protein, improves key nutritional indices in patients of CKD on CAPD.
Study of outcomes in patients with conserved blunt liver and splenic injuries
Authors: Meshram Prashant
Published: May 2019

Background: Blunt abdominal injuries in the modern day are common due to vehicular accidents. Young males are more commonly involved and liver and spleen are the commonest organs injured. During the last century, the management of blunt force trauma has changed from observation and expectant management in the early part of the 1900s to operative intervention for all injuries, to the current practice of selective operative and nonoperative management.Methods: We studied outcomes of conservatively managed liver and splenic injuries in 51 patients who presented to a tertiary referral center over a period of 1 year. Patient demographics and outcomes were studied.Results: Males in the age group of 16-30 years were commonly involved. Liver was the commonest organ injured. Both liver and spleen were injured together only in 3 patients. One patient of liver injury was subjected to delayed surgery and 2 patients of splenic injury failed conservative management. Thus, the success rate of conservative management of blunt liver injuries was 96.87% and in splenic injuries was 90.91%.Conclusions: Outcome of conservative management of blunt liver and splenic injuries is extremely good, especially in patients who maintained hemodynamic stability. Nonoperative management of blunt liver splenic injuries should be the treatment modality of choice in hemodynamically stable patients with any grades of injuries.
Surgical management of recurrent giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a challenging surgery
Authors: Pegu Niju , Purkayastha Joydeep , Talukdar Abhijit , Nyuwi Kuotho Y.
Published: May 2019

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is a rare malignant disease with a high rate of recurrence. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is usually asymptomatic until the liposarcoma is large enough to compress the surrounding organs and usually presented with compressive symptoms. Main modality of the treatment is surgery both in primary and recurrence cases. Even with complete removal of the liposarcoma, local recurrence rate is very high. Till now, there is currently no evidence that chemotherapy or radiotherapy improve survival rates. Successful complete resection of recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma is the sole chance of cure and may increase the 5-year survival rate. In recurrent case, it is challenging for the operating surgeon because of the altered anatomy, adherent to adjacent organs and large vessels and the huge size of the recurrent tumour. The aim of the present study is to report a giant recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma and its challenging surgical management.
Relationship between self-rated health status and physical activity in obese South Indian patients
Authors: Joena Virgin , Pragasam Ananda Xavier
Published: May 2019

Background: Regular physical activity can improve people's overall health and reduce various risks for morbidity and mortality due to a sedentary lifestyle. Although the evidence linking obesity with many chronic diseases is well established, the relationship with self-rated health is not clear. The study aimed to assess the relationship between physical activity and self-rated health and how it is related to obesity.Methods: The cross-sectional study included 132 individuals above18 years, of both genders, with BMI above 25kg/m2. Data was collected using a structured proforma which included apart from demographic parameters, anthropometry parameters, self-reported physical activity, health status and stress levels of the subjects. Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used to assess the association between BMI, physical activity and self-rated health.Results: A total of 132 subjects were included with a mean age of 48.44±11.23 years, with an almost equal proportion of males and females. The mean of BMI was 29.54±3.99. Most of them reported having normal physical activity (61.36%) with only 3% of them having high physical activity. The self-rated health of the subjects revealed 45.45% of them is having fair health and 43.18% of them having poor health. The mean a number of hours spent by sitting/sedentary activity in a week were 32.32±21.09.Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the irrespective of the degree of physical activity both overweight and obese subjects rated their health fair to poor.
Effect of addition of intrathecal midazolam to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine to prolong the post-operative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries
Authors: Adil Hasan S. K.
Published: May 2019

Background: Bupivacaine when used alone produces analgesia for 2.5 to 3 hours, making it unsuitable in cases where the duration of surgery is longer and in cases which require further analgesia during post-operative period. Present study is intended to evaluate the effect of addition of intrathecal midazolam to bupivacaine to prolong the post-operative analgesia.Methods: Present clinical study was conducted in Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India. After obtaining approval from institutional ethical committee, present clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of addition of intrathecal midazolam to bupivacaine 0.5% (heavy). The study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.Results: Mean onset of analgesia was 190.5 with SD 21.3 in group-C whereas in group-M, mean onset of analgesia was 185.3 with SD 26.81. Mean difference between the groups not showing statistical significance. In the present study the Maximum height of sensory blockade in control and midazolam group was T7 (T6-T8) compared to T7 (T6-T8) midazolam group. Mean duration of sensory blockade was 130.4 with SD 36.36 in group-C whereas in group-M, mean duration of sensory blockade was 191.9 with SD 36.4. Mean difference between the groups showing statistical significance. Mean duration of motor blockade was 176.3 with SD 23.7 in group-C whereas in group-M, mean duration of motor blockade was 208.1 with SD 18.21. Mean difference between the groups showing statistical significance.Conclusions: Midazolam is a useful adjuvant to bupivacaine in subarachnoid block. Intrathecal midazolam combined with intrathecal bupivacaine produces a longer and more effective anaesthesia and analgesia. It also prolongs post-operative analgesia without increasing adverse effects.
Thyroid hormones, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in healthy Sudanese subjects
Authors: Eisa Abdelmuhsin H. , Bashir Amir A. , Osman Asim A. , Ali Ibrahim A. , Awad Kamal M. , Hajo Elnagi Y. , Taha Elmutaz H. , Alborai Abeadalla A. , Musa Omer A.
Published: May 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases are the most prevalent metabolic disorders in Sudan. The value of HbA1C reflects the glycemic status over the last 2-3 months. So, in this study, an insight for thyroid hormone regulation of glucose metabolism is investigated. Is to study the association between thyroid hormones levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c in healthy adults.Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in a healthy Sudanese cohort in the period between September 2017 to November 2018, involving 610 healthy adult Sudanese aged 20 to 60 years. HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), T3, T4 and TSH were measured.Results: The study results demonstrated a significant association between the median concentration of T3 and T4 with plasma level of HbA1c. A significant linear correlation between serum concentration of T3 and fasting blood sugar (FBS) was observed. Inverse correlation was detected between serum TSH and HbA1c, FBS in study population.Conclusions: The present study concluded that FBS and HbA1c levels were increased with increasing of both T3 and T4. Based on this study all the thyroid patients’ especially hyperthyroid patients should have regular checkup of their glucose levels.