bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of Tyre Rubber Crumb with Wastes of Plant Oil Production
Authors: Sagitova Guzaliya Faritovna , Kalmatayeva Galiya Nyssanovna , Sakibayeva Saule Abdrazakovna , Assylbekova Dina Duisenbekkyzy , Sadyrbayeva Ainur Slambekovna , Shukhanova Zhuldyz Kenzhebayevna
Published: March 2023

Recovery of fat-and-oil production wastes will reduce the technogenic impact on the environment, as well as involve them in a new production cycle as a secondary material resource. As part of solving this problem, the possibilities of using fat-and-oil production wastes in the production of a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim are considered. In the course of the studies, the fat-and-oil industry wastes’ sorption characteristics are determined, and in relation to oils in static and dynamic conditions, the spent reagent reclamation ways are determined. The authors obtained a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim using the fat-and-oil industry wastes (soap stock, diatomite, bleaching clay, and fatty acids isolated from soap stock). In this work, the authors studied the possibility of using the fat-and-oil industry wastes in the formulations of a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim. Extended physical and mechanical tests of experimental rubbers led to the conclusion that it is most expedient to use the fat-and-oil industry wastes in the formulation of rubber compounds for production of sleeper pads for railroad tracks, since when using a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim, the indicators of rubber properties practically do not change and comply with control standards.
Multi‐Objective Service Composition Using Enhanced Multi‐Objective Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Peng Shunshun , Guo Taolin
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the optimization of multi‐objective service composition in distributed systems has become an important issue. Existing work makes a smaller set of Pareto‐optimal solutions to represent the Pareto Front (PF). However, they do not support complex mapping of the Pareto‐optimal solutions to quality of service (QoS) objective space, thus having limitations in providing a representative set of solutions. We propose an enhanced multi‐objective differential evolution algorithm to seek a representative set of solutions with good proximity and distributivity. Specially, we propose a dual strategy to adjust the usage of different creation operators, to maintain the evolutionary pressure toward the true PF. Then, we propose a reference vector neighbor search to have a fine‐grained search. The proposed approach has been tested on a real‐world dataset that locates a representative set of solutions with proximity and distributivity.
Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection Screening before Thoracic Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Fiorelli Silvia , Menna Cecilia , Piccioni Federico , Zuanetti Gabriele , Valenza Franco , Rispoli Marco , Amore Dario , Rocco Monica , Rendina Erino Angelo , Ibrahim Mohsen , Massullo Domenico
Published: March 2023

Objectives. During coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, preoperative screening before thoracic surgery is paramount in order to protect patients and staff from undetected infections. This study aimed to determine which preoperative COVID-19 screening tool was the most effective strategy before thoracic surgery. Methods. This retrospective cohort multicenter study was performed at 3 Italian thoracic surgery centers. All adult patients scheduled for thoracic surgery procedures from 4th March until 24th April, 2020, and submitted to COVID-19 preoperative screenings were included. The primary outcome was the yield of screening of the different strategies. Results. A total of 430 screenings were performed on 275 patients; 275 anamnestic questionnaires were administered. 77 patients were screened by an anamnestic questionnaire and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 78 patients were selected to combine screening with anamnestic questionnaire and chest computed tomography (CT). The positive yield of screening using a combination of anamnestic questionnaire and RT-PCR was 7.8% (95% CI: 2.6–14.3), while using a combination of anamnestic questionnaire and chest CT was 3.8% (95% CI: 0–9). Individual yields were 1.1% (95% CI: 0–2.5) for anamnestic questionnaire, 5.2% (95% CI: 1.3–11.7) for RT-PCR, and 3.8% (95% CI: 0–9). Conclusions. The association of anamnestic questionnaire and RT-PCR is able to detect around 8 positives in 100 asymptomatic patients. This combined strategy could be a valuable preoperative SARS-CoV-2 screening tool before thoracic surgery.
English Teaching Achievement Prediction by Big Data Analysis under Deep Intervention
Authors: Guo Junfang
Published: March 2023

Appropriate data analysis technology can make people use the online degree education, obtain the data and information generated in the learning management system, and provide a useful decision basis for optimizing the teaching and management process of online degree education. Data analysis technology can help English teachers better grasp students’ learning situations and progress and optimize management. First, data analysis methods and decision tree algorithms are analyzed. Second, in data mining technology, the C4.5 decision tree method is used to construct an English score prediction model. Through the analysis of English learning-related information such as questionnaires and collected student test score data, the prediction of English teaching performance is analyzed from the perspective of teachers’ in-depth intervention. The survey results are shown as follows: (1) The model is simulated and tested. The model’s prediction accuracy is 98.20%, 99.10%, 99.40%, 98.70%, and 98.90%, higher than the standard accuracy of 97.5%. Additionally, the average response efficiency of the model is 99.42%, which can be used. (2) The failure rate of boys’ final grades is 11%, and the failure rate of female students’ final grades is 10%. There is only a 1% difference in the final grade failure rate between male and female students. The effect of gender on teaching performance is less pronounced. (3) As the number of practice questions increases, the rate of failing grades decreases. Thus, the data suggest that the number of practice questions affects instructional performance. (4) Teachers’ intervention can improve students’ English achievement. Increasing the intensity of the intervention also improves student achievement. Therefore, the follow-up research should increase the number of practice questions and teacher intervention in English teaching. The English teaching achievement prediction suggestion based on big data analysis is put forward, providing a reference for prediction management.
Oscillating Plasmas for Proton- Boron Fusion in Miniature Vacuum Discharge
Authors: Kurilenkov Yu. K. , Tarakanov V. P. , Oginov A. V. , Gus’kov S. Yu , Samoylov I. S. , Batani Dimitri
Published: March 2023

Earlier, the experiments on the aneutronic proton-boron (pB) fusion in a miniature nanosecond vacuum discharge (NVD) with oscillatory plasma confinement and correspondent α particles yield were presented. In this work, we consider some specific features of oscillatory confinement as a relatively new type of plasma confinement for fusion. Particle-in-cell (PiC) simulations of pB fusion processes have shown that the plasma in NVD, and especially on the discharge axis, is in a state close to a quasineutral one, which is rather different from the conditions in the well-known scheme of periodically oscillating plasma spheres (POPSs) suggested earlier for fusion. Apparently, small-scale oscillations in NVD are a mechanism of resonant ion heating, unlike coherent compressions in the original POPS scheme. Nevertheless, the favorable scaling of the fusion power in NVD turns out to be close to the POPS fusion but differs significantly both in the compression ratio and in the values of the parameter of quasineutrality. In addition, unlike the POPS scheme, PiC simulation reveals that the distribution functions of protons and boron ions in NVD are non-Maxwellian. Therefore, we have an aneutronic pB synthesis in a nonequilibrium plasma remaining “nonignited” on the discharge axis.
On-Site Computed Tomography–Derived Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide Management of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The TARGET Randomized Trial
Authors: Yang Junjie , Shan Dongkai , Wang Xi , Sun Xiaoqing , Shao Meihua , Wang Kan , Pan Yueying , Wang Zhiqiang , Schoepf U. Joseph , Savage Rock H. , Zhang Mei , Dong Mei , Xu Lei , Zhou Yujie , Ma Xiang , Hu Xinyang , Xia Liming , Zeng Hesong , Liu Zinuan , Chen Yundai ,   on behalf of the TARGET Investigators
Published: March 2023

Background:

Computed tomography–derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) using on-site machine learning enables identification of both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischemia. However, it is unclear whether on-site CT-FFR improves clinical or economic outcomes when compared with the standard of care in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods:

In total, 1216 patients with stable coronary artery disease and an intermediate stenosis of 30% to 90% on coronary computed tomographic angiography were randomized to an on-site CT-FFR care pathway using machine learning or to standard care in 6 Chinese medical centers. The primary end point was the proportion of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive coronary artery disease or with obstructive disease who did not undergo intervention within 90 days. Secondary end points included major adverse cardiovascular events, quality of life, symptoms of angina, and medical expenditure at 1 year.

Results:

Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups, with 72.4% (881/1216) having either typical or atypical anginal symptoms. A total of 421 of 608 patients (69.2%) in the CT-FFR care group and 483 of 608 patients (79.4%) in the standard care group underwent invasive coronary angiography. Compared with standard care, the proportion of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive coronary artery disease or with obstructive disease not undergoing intervention was significantly reduced in the CT-FFR care group (28.3% [119/421] versus 46.2% [223/483];
P
<0.001). Overall, more patients underwent revascularization in the CT-FFR care group than in the standard care group (49.7% [302/608] versus 42.8% [260/608];
P
=0.02), but major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year did not differ (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.59–1.30]). Quality of life and symptoms improved similarly during follow-up in both groups, and there was a trend towards lower costs in the CT-FFR care group (difference, –¥4233 [95% CI, –¥8165 to ¥973];
P
=0.07).

Conclusions:

On-site CT-FFR using machine learning reduced the proportion of patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive disease or requiring intervention within 90 days, but increased revascularization overall without improving symptoms or quality of life, or reducing major adverse cardiovascular events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03901326.
Robotic Cytoreductive Surgery With Heated Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Rooks Clayton O. , Hughes Tara , Rodgers Skylar , Brister Kelly , Christopher Wade O. , Orr W. Shannon
Published: March 2023

Cytoreductive surgery with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is traditionally an open operation given the dissection required during cytoreduction. There are reports of minimally invasive HIPECs, but CRS to an accepted completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) has been described less frequently. We report a patient with metastatic low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasm (LAMN) to the peritoneum treated with robotic CRS-HIPEC. A 49-year-old male presented to our center following a laparoscopic appendectomy at an outside facility with final pathology showing LAMN. He had a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score of 5 determined by diagnostic laparoscopy. Given the small amount of peritoneal disease, he was deemed a candidate for robotic CRS-HIPEC. Cytoreduction was completed robotically with a CCR score of 0. He then received HIPEC with mitomycin C. This case shows the feasibility of robotic-assisted CRS-HIPEC for select LAMNs. When appropriately selected, we advocate for the continued use of this minimally invasive approach.
Hyper-invisibility and visual scrutiny: reflections from photo-narrative research with transgender young persons
Authors: Pitcher Sorrel , Boonzaier Floretta A
Published: March 2023

In recent years, photo-narrative methods have gained popularity as a feminist decolonial research approach. Located within the broader category of participatory action research, photovoice is committed to the democratisation of the research process. It aims to centre previously excluded knowledges and problematises what is considered ‘legitimate’ ways of knowing within the social sciences. As such, photovoice has been utilised across a wide range of studies that are aligned with a social justice agenda. Arising are questions around the burden of representation that is placed on participants; what it means for stories of marginalisation to be put ‘on display’; and the risk involved in disclosing personal experiences when there is a power differential between storyteller and audience. By highlighting complications encountered when conducting a photo-narrative project with transgender young persons in Cape Town, South Africa, this methodologically reflexive article contributes to this conversation. We explore the nuances and complexities that arose when using a methodology that relies heavily on visual data, on a community that experiences intense visual scrutiny daily. As a result, the research focused on participants’ narratives of invisibility and hypervisibility as presented in the data, thus bringing a reflexive stance and interrogation to assumptions of the approach often taken for granted.
Between privilege and exclusion: Orthodox church singers coping with the Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Takala-Roszczenko Maria
Published: March 2023

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic restricted public worship in many religious communities. This article explores how the amateur singers in Eastern Orthodox Christian church choirs coped with the 2-month liturgical lockdown in Finland during the spring of 2020. During the lockdown, only a limited number of singers were allowed to perform in worship, which was live streamed on social media. Based on a mixed-methods online survey, the article focuses on the psychological impact of the lockdown on individual church singers; their views of the spiritual, physical, mental and communal dimensions of singing in worship; and the methods of coping that their responses reveal. The analysis uses the religious coping theory developed by Kenneth Pargament and his colleagues. The results highlight how the church singers sought to maintain control of their lives in times of great uncertainty by focusing on individual religious activities and participating in live streamed worship. A new kind of autonomy was generated by the accessibility of worship on mobile devices, not confined to time or place. The results also reveal the negative effects of the lockdown on the social dynamics of the choir, the sense of being excluded from the community, as well as the guilt for having the privilege to sing in worship.
The effect of collective sight-singing before melodic dictation: A pilot study
Authors: Caregnato Caroline , da Silva Ronaldo , Vital Otutumi Cristiane Hatsue , Santos da Rocha Luciano Jeyson
Published: March 2023

Sight-singing and musical dictation are considered as complementary activities by different Ear Training pedagogues but, surprisingly, studies conducted with participants working individually were not able to find benefits of singing associated with dictation taking. This pilot study aims at observing the effect of a sight-singing, performed collectively before melodic dictation, on dictation results. We carried out an experimental study involving 54 students from three universities, who were tested in situations emulating Ear Training classes. The experimental group performed a collective sight-singing before the dictation, and the control group remained silent during the activity. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the experimental group had a significantly better performance on dictation than the control group, showing new data in relation to previous researches, that did not observe contributions of sight-singing related to dictation taking. We believe that collective sight-singing promotes cooperation between students, leading to better performance on reading than individual activities, thus improving dictation results. Although our pilot study counted on a small number of participants, remaining the necessity of future research expanding this one, it points to the potential benefits that collective activities could bring to the often-individualized instruction in Ear Training classes.
The effects of the pandemic on music teaching in schools in Quebec (Canada) in the spring and fall of 2020
Authors: Barbeau Audrey-Kristel , Boucher Hélène , Héroux Isabelle
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 containment measures brought many changes in our lives and forced teachers all around the world to adopt various new practices. Given its specific education requirements and numerous school boards, the province of Quebec, Canada, was chosen to study the effects of the pandemic on music teaching in schools in the spring and fall of 2020. An electronic survey was distributed, to which 517 elementary and high school music teachers responded. Teachers reported on the transformation of teaching modes from an exclusively in-person practice to an online or bimodal approach. Continuation and interruption of music programs varied greatly from school to school and, for those who were allowed musical activities, different protective health measures were implemented. Teachers working with large ensembles (e.g. band and orchestra) experienced more interruptions in their music programs. Teachers also reported how their planning was affected by the new modes of instruction, but no matter which modes were used, most of them experienced less motivation for teaching during the spring of 2020. In addition, they perceived that it was more motivating for students to receive an education in person. Finally, positive outcomes of the pandemic on education included the development of new skills in the use of digital resources and online teaching, as well as a renewed sense of solidarity between teachers.
A modified Delphi process to form an expert consensus in Ireland on the essential information to be included in shared decision making for varicose vein surgery
Authors: Kiernan Aoife , Moneley Daragh , Doyle Frank , Harkin Denis W
Published: March 2023

Objective

To reach consensus on a core set of essential information for inclusion in the informed consent process to standardize consent for VV surgery.

Methods

Using a modified electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) method, a panel of experts in Ireland, were asked to rate statements of essential information to include in the informed consent process with patients. Statements were rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The definition of consensus was declared at 70% agreement by the panel.

Results

Twenty-three panel members accepted the invitation to participate across three e-Delphi rounds. Consensus was reached on 33/42 statements, covering general and procedural information and the risks, benefits and alternatives of varicose veins (VV) surgery. Several statements remained equivocal, having not met consensus by the panel.

Conclusion

Considerable consensus was reached within the panel of experts but some gaps in available research were also highlighted. This consensus may provide the framework to aid physicians to deliver a standardized discussion of the key elements of consent and shared decision making with patients.
Ophthalmic and immunopathological characterization of systemic infectious diseases in cats
Authors: Wronski Júlia G. , de Cecco Bianca S. , Raiter Jacqueline , Henker Luan C. , de Lorenzo Cíntia , Bandinelli Marcele B. , Driemeier David , Pavarini Saulo P. , Sonne Luciana
Published: March 2023

Ocular involvement in systemic diseases is frequent in cats; however, without concurrent clinical and ophthalmic examinations with gross and/or histologic analysis of the eye, these findings can be underdiagnosed. This article aims to provide gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of ocular lesions from cats submitted to necropsy, focusing on those caused by systemic infectious agents. Cats that died due to a systemic infectious disease were selected based on necropsy diagnosis and presence of ocular lesions. Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings were recorded. From April 2018 to September 2019, 849 eyes of 428 cats were evaluated. Histologic abnormalities were seen in 29% of cases, which were classified as inflammatory (41%), neoplastic (32%), degenerative (19%), and metabolic/vascular (8%). Macroscopic changes were present in one-third of eyes with histologic lesions. Of these, 40% were attributed to inflammatory or neoplastic diseases associated with infectious agents. The most important infectious agents causing ocular disease in this study were feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, and Cryptococcus sp. The most common ocular abnormalities associated with infectious agents were uveitis (anterior, posterior, or panuveitis), optic neuritis, and meningitis of the optic nerve. Ocular lesions secondary to systemic infections in cats are frequent; however, these are not always diagnosed because gross lesions are less common than histologic lesions. Therefore, both gross and histologic evaluation of the eyes of cats is recommended, mainly for cases in which the clinical suspicion or necropsy diagnosis suggests that an infectious agent might be related to the cause of death.
Clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of pituitary tumors in 4 chinchillas
Authors: Lee Laura M. , Gasper David , Szabo Zoltan , Tse May , Hawkins Shawna , Steinberg Howard , Kiupel Matti
Published: March 2023

Pituitary tumors are rare in chinchillas. This report describes the clinical, gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary tumors in 4 chinchillas. The affected chinchillas were females between 4 and 18 years of age. Clinically, neurologic signs were most commonly reported and included depression, obtundation, seizure, head-pressing, ataxia, and possible blindness. Computed tomography scanning of 2 chinchillas revealed solitary intracranial extra-axial masses in the region of the pituitary gland. Two pituitary tumors were confined to the pars distalis; the other 2 invaded the brain. Based on their microscopic appearances and lack of distant metastases, all 4 tumors were diagnosed as pituitary adenomas. Immunohistochemically, all pituitary adenomas were weakly to strongly positive for growth hormone, most consistent with the diagnosis of somatotropic pituitary adenomas. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detailed report of the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of pituitary tumors in chinchillas.
Economic geography II: The economic geographies of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Leyshon Andrew
Published: March 2023

This is the second of three reports on economic geography. It focuses on research that addresses issues deemed to be both urgent and generative of crisis. This report focuses on the crisis created by the emergence of COVID-19. While the virus may have been novel, many of its implications were not, as several important processes of uneven development and inequality accelerated. The paper first determines the extent to which the emergence of a pandemic virus constituted a ‘crisis’, before examining some of the most salient economic geographical impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These include the rise of friction within the global economy resulting in significant disruption to global supply chains; the acceleration of the digital platform as an ever more dominant form of economic organisation; and how the pandemic deepened social inequalities and uneven development. The report concludes with observations about the emergence of what has been described as a post-pandemic polycrisis.
Towards geographies of privileged migration: An intersectional perspective
Authors: Duplan Karine , Cranston Sophie
Published: March 2023

While geography has traditionally ‘looked down’ in the search for social justice, a recent trend in the social sciences has argued for thinking through privilege. Taking this call seriously, this paper draws on feminist scholarship and uses intersectionality to demonstrate that reflections about privilege are imperative in the pursuit of social justice. Through laying the groundwork for a theorisation of privilege within and beyond migration geographies, we use transnational circulation, as one of the – unquestioned and taken for granted – characteristics of elites, arguing that an understanding of privilege in migration is critical to understanding and combatting inequalities and injustices. This leads us to argue for the need to explore privilege in relation to its others, such as precarity and vulnerability. We conclude by advancing a research agenda on privilege in (migration) geography that draws upon a feminist ethics of responsibility.
Comparison of Analytical and Simulation Results for One-Lane Operation on Low-Volume Two-Lane Highway
Authors: Jeon Hongjae , Benekohal Rahim (Ray) F.
Published: March 2023

Work zones on two-lane highways with one lane closed require sharing the open lane with traffic from the closed directions. In such work zones, traffic control resembles operating a two-phase traffic signal and, in rare cases, a three-phase traffic signal. Temporary traffic signals (or flaggers) allow the open lane to be used in an alternating manner. Signal timing (green times and cycle length) of the temporary traffic lights directly affects the delay and queue in the work zones. Delay and queue computations must consider queue build up that often happens in oversaturated conditions. Another influential variable is the average operating speed of the work zone. The operating speed is affected by the work zone speed limit, work intensity, speed control technique, lane and shoulder widths, acceleration capability of vehicles, and work zone length. WorkZoneQ-Pro (WZQ-Pro) is developed with a new signal timing method that considers the above-mentioned factors. The procedure can handle multiple hours of analysis with two- or three-phase signal operations. Test scenarios are real-world work zone examples from three different U.S. states that were used to compute signal time variables and use them to compute queue and delay. These values were also computed using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2016 procedures and are compared. In addition, the computed values were input into Vissim simulation software, and the results were compared. It showed that the WZQ-Pro results are reasonably close to Vissim simulation results, and that further validated that an acceptable agreement existed between the analytical and simulation results.
Opposing Hysteresis Patterns in Flow and Outflow Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams and Their Implications
Authors: Xu Guanhao , Zhang Pengxiang , Gayah Vikash V. , Hu Xianbiao
Published: March 2023

Two key aggregated traffic models are the relationship between average network flow and density (known as the network or flow macroscopic fundamental diagram [flow-MFD]) and the relationship between trip completion and density (known as network exit function or the outflow-MFD [o-FMD]). The flow- and o-MFDs have been shown to be related by average network length and average trip distance under steady-state conditions. However, recent studies have demonstrated that these two relationships might have different patterns when traffic conditions are allowed to vary: the flow-MFD exhibits a clockwise hysteresis loop, while the o-MFD exhibits a counter-clockwise loop. One recent study attributes this behavior to the presence of bottlenecks within the network. The present paper demonstrates that this phenomenon may arise even without bottlenecks present and offers an alternative, but more general, explanation for these findings: a vehicle’s entire trip contributes to a network’s average flow, while only its end contributes to the trip completion rate. This lag can also be exaggerated by trips with different lengths, and it can lead to other patterns in the o-MFD such as figure-eight patterns. A simple arterial example is used to demonstrate this explanation and reveal the expected patterns, and they are also identified in real networks using empirical data. Then, simulations of a congestible ring network are used to unveil features that might increase or diminish the differences between the flow- and o-MFDs. Finally, more realistic simulations are used to confirm that these behaviors arise in real networks.
Addressing an Unfulfilled Expectation: Teaching Students With Disabilities to Write Scientific Arguments
Authors: De La Paz Susan , Levin Daniel M. , Butler Cameron
Published: March 2023

Students with disabilities (SWD) in general education science classes are expected to engage in the scientific practices and potentially in the writing of arguments drawn from evidence. Currently, however, there are few research-based instructional approaches for teaching argument writing for these students. The present article responds to this need through the application of an instructional model that promises to improve the ability of SWDs to write scientific arguments. We approach this work in multiple ways. First, we clarify our target group, students with high incidence disabilities (learning disability, ADHD, and students with speech and language impairments), and discuss common cognitive challenges they experience. We then explore the role of argumentation in science, review research on both experts’ (scientists’) and novices’ (students’) argument writing and highlight successful cognitive strategies for teaching argument writing with neurotypical learners. We further discuss SWDs’ general writing challenges and how researchers have improved their abilities to comprehend and evaluate scientific information and improve their domain-general writing. Cognitive apprenticeships appear advantageous for teaching SWDs science content and how to write scientific arguments, as this form of instruction begins with problem solving tasks that connect literacy (e.g., reading, writing, argumentation discourse) with epistemic reasoning in a given domain. We illustrate the potential of such apprenticeships by analyzing the conceptual quality of arguments written by three SWDs who participated in a larger quantitative study in which they and others showed improvement in the structure of their arguments. We end with suggestions for further research to expand the use of cognitive apprenticeships.
“A Disease Like Any Other”: Awareness-Raising and Neuro-tivization of Depression in Poland
Authors: Szulęcka Beata
Published: March 2023

This article shows how Forum Against Depression, 1 an online platform devoted to depression, creates awareness about depression in Poland. This qualitative study uses critical discourse analysis to interpret texts published by the Forum and a short film, Disappearing Children, devoted to “teenage depression.” In this discourse, depression is presented as an object, the meaning of which is stable and dispersed. The article shows how the creation of this double semiosis of depression provides an invitation for auto-diagnosis and blurs the identity of the sender: the pharmaceutical company running the campaign, which is the subject of this article. Neuro-tivization of depression conceals the social context of distress and helps maximize drug sales. Ultimately, this article tracks the merging of complex psychiatrization and depsychiatrization processes. The article enhances discussion about issues related to biomedical framings of mental health, diagnostic reification of mental health diagnoses, and debate about conditions in which mental health knowledge is produced in Poland and globally.
Motive-Specific Affective Contingencies and Their Relevance for Personality and Motivated Behavior
Authors: Dufner Michael , Wieg Franziska , Kraft Livia , Grapsas Stathis , Hagemeyer Birk
Published: March 2023

Individuals differ in the tendency to derive pleasure out of motive-specific incentives, such as being socially included or attaining power. Multiple theoretical approaches have proposed that such motive-specific positive affective contingencies (PACs) are central building blocks of motive dispositions and personality more broadly. In the current research, we put this claim to test and investigated individual differences with regard to motive-specific PACs in the affiliation and power domains. We measured PACs via spontaneous emotional reactions to motive-specific cues, as assessed by affect ratings and electromyographic (EMG) recordings of smile responses. Both of these PAC operationalizations were highly internally consistent and moderately to highly stable across time. Furthermore, motive-specific PACs were linked in a manner consistent with theory to measures of motive dispositions and to personality traits with motivational underpinnings (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, and narcissism). Finally, in the affiliation domain, motive-specific PACs were linked to objectively assessed, key motivational outcomes (i.e., attentional orientation, behavior in daily life, and in the laboratory). Taken together, the findings underscore the relevance of affective contingencies for the understanding of personality and motivated behavior.
Rheometeric, ultrasonic and acoustical shielding properties of Cu-alloy/silicone rubber composites for electronic applications
Authors: Mahmoud Doaa S , El-Sabbagh Salwa H , El-Basheer Tarek M , Moustafa AM , Barakat Mirham AY
Published: March 2023

Silicone rubber (SR) is a highly adaptable material that is attractive for a variety of applications, including electronics, construction, and aerospace. In general, adding Cu-Al-Zn alloy to the SR matrix improved the mechanical properties of rubber composites and noise attenuation. The mechanical, magnetic, ultrasonic, and acoustic characteristics of the resulting SR-composites were characterized. According to variations in treated Cu-alloy loading, ultrasonic measurements were performed as the ultrasonic velocities, Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, acoustic impedance, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, and micro-hardness. Results indicated that adding treated Cu-alloy to SR-composites improves them significantly. They showed that curing time decreases gradually, tensile strength increases constantly and elongation at break of SR-composites has maximum value at 15% treated Cu-alloy. The coupling agent 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) improves the mechanical properties of the composites by forming a network structure in the SR matrix and enhancing the interfacial interaction between the Cu-alloy and the SR matrix. The acoustic sound absorption coefficient, reflection coefficient, and damping factor calculations were studied in addition to the decibel drop ranging from 0.4–4.9 dB. The composite sample SR-4 is considered to have the optimal percentage of the selected acoustic properties studied. Thus, the shielding efficiency of SR-composite increased with increasing content of Cu-alloy which makes it applicable in ear plugs and electronic applications.
Race-Ethnic Differences in the Effects of COVID-19 on the Work, Stress, and Financial Outcomes of Older Adults
Authors: Jason Kendra , Carr Dawn , Chen Zhao
Published: March 2023

Objectives

This study investigates race-ethnic differences among older non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic adults’ financial, employment, and stress consequences of COVID-19.

Methods

We use data from the Health and Retirement Study, including the 2020 COVID-panel, to evaluate a sample of 2,929 adults using a combination of bivariate tests, OLS regression analysis, and moderation tests.

Results

Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black older adults experienced more financial hardships, higher levels of COVID-19 stress, and higher rates of job loss associated with COVID-19 relative to their Non-Hispanic White counterparts. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19 resilience resources, yet, these resources were not protective of the consequences of COVID-19.

Discussion

Understanding how the experiences of managing and coping with COVID-19 stressors differ by race-ethnicity can better inform intervention design and support services.
Soluble imide oligomers containing benzoxazole structures
Authors: Xiang Yujing , Meng Xiangsheng , Wang Xianwei , Li Xianming , Chen Aimin
Published: March 2023

A series of soluble thermosetting polyimide resins containing benzoxazole structure were synthesized by two-step polymerization using 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (4-PEPA) as the end-capping reagent, 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzoxazole (BOA) and 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (3,4′-ODA) as the aromatic diamines, and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) as the aromatic dianhydride. The imide oligomers were characterized by employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solubility tests and rheological measurements. Thermosetting polyimides derived from the imide oligomers were then produced via a thermal cross-linking reaction of the phenylethynyl group. The thermal and mechanical properties of the thermosets were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), and mechanical property measurements. The effects of chemical architectures and molecular weights of the imide oligomers on processability, thermostability and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that all the copolymerized imide oligomers possessed good solubility in organic and low melt viscosity, and the corresponding thermosets exhibited high glass transition temperature (up to 401°C) and 5% weight-loss temperature (up to 533°C) in an air atmosphere while excellent mechanical properties (flexural strength up to 217 MPa and elongation at break up to 11.2%). With the increase of the concentration of the benzoxazole group, the imide oligomers of PI-X-2 (-O-, -BO-, -B-) exhibited less solubility and higher minimum melt viscosity but improved glass transition temperature after curing and mechanical properties of their thermosets.
Comparative study of ignition characteristics and engine performance of RP-3 kerosene and diesel under compression ignition condition
Authors: Wang Jianping , Zhang Qiankun , Zhang Yaoyuan , Yu Liang , Zhou Dezhi , Lu Xingcai , Qian Yong
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to explore the spontaneous combustion characteristics and engine performance of kerosene under traditional compression ignition mode, providing a reference for further optimizing the performance of kerosene compression ignition engines and the application of advanced combustion mode. The ignition visualization tests of kerosene under marine and vehicle engine conditions are carried out, and the characteristics under 0.3 mm nozzle diameter are compared with that of diesel. Then, the engine performance of the two fuels under medium load and ultra-high injection pressures is compared. The experimental results show that the ignition and combustion characteristics of kerosene and diesel are very similar, indicating that kerosene has a strong universality in diesel engine application. The long ignition delay time of kerosene leads to its lagging combustion and heat release. Compared with diesel, kerosene has lower CO, particulate emissions and indicated thermal efficiency, while higher HC and NOx emissions. The emission characteristics of kerosene RP-3 are different from previous studies, especially under ultra-high injection pressure. The combustion process and engine emissions of kerosene may be optimized with advanced combustion models and strategies.
Experimental investigation on the R1234yf air conditioning system with a battery cooling loop under realistic conditions of electric vehicles
Authors: Guo Bentao , Zhao Lanping , Zhou Jian , Sun Xudong , Yang Zhigang
Published: March 2023

The air-conditioning system of an electrical vehicle (EV) with a cooling loop for battery was experimentally investigated at medium to high load conditions, using R1234yf as refrigerant. Optimal filling rates of R1234yf and R134a were first determined as 975 g with the battery cooling loop closed. Then, the system performance regarding the two refrigerants with optimal charges was compared with various chiller thermal loads at maximum cabin cooling capacity condition as well as nine high load conditions. It was found that using R1234yf as the alternative of R134a, the HVAC cooling capacity, the power consumption of the compressor and the coefficient of performance (COP) decreased by 23.6%, 10.5%, and 8.1%, respectively, at maximum cooling capacity condition with a chiller load of 1.5 kW. At high load conditions with various chiller thermal loads, the reductions of HVAC cooling capacity and power consumption were 8.2%–29.8% and 3.2%–19%, respectively, resulting in a decrease in COP of 1%–16.3%. Thirdly, it was presented that, for R1234yf, at high vehicle speed conditions with the TXVs as original setting, the outlet air temperature of the HVAC box increased about 2.4°C, with the power consumption increased by 17.3%, if the chiller thermal load was increased from 0 to 2.5 kW. Other main conclusion included that, at idle condition, for the R1234yf system with the chiller loop on, the outlet temperature of the HVAC box and COP decreased by 2.7°C and 37.1%, respectively, when the compressor speed increased from 4000 to 7000 rpm.
Constraint performance slip ratio control for vehicles with distributed electrohydraulic brake-by-wire system
Authors: Ji Yuan , Zhang Junzhi , Zhang Junfeng , He Chengkun , Hou Xiaohui , Han Jinheng
Published: March 2023

Slip ratio control of current passenger vehicles is achieved by the traditional hydraulic distributed unit through its pump-valve structure, such as the antilock brake system module. This type of hardware largely limits the essential braking pressure regulating ability due to the pump’s jittering backpressure and valves’ poor controllability and further deteriorates the slip ratio control performance. This study proposes a novel electrohydraulic brake-by-wire system based on distributed boosters (Dbooster) as new slip ratio regulating actuators. The Dbooster’s dynamics are modeled and combined with slip braking dynamics into an integrated slip ratio control scheme. Based on this, a finite-time prescribed performance control method with a finite-time disturbance observer is designed to achieve constraint slip ratio regulating performance. Validations are conducted in simulation and hardware-in-the-loop tests. Furthermore, the results show that this study provides a practical solution for more accurate slip ratio regulation.
Nexus Between Vulnerability, Livelihoods and Non-Migration Strategies Among the Fishermen Communities of Sundarbans, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Zakir , Rahman Md. Ashiq Ur , Rahaman Khan Rubayet , Ha-Mim Nur Mohammad , Haque Salman F.
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the reasons behind the non-migration of fishermen communities living adjacent to the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. In addition to the livelihood strategies of these communities living in the southern districts of the country, this article explores a symbiotic relationship among livelihoods, risks and natural resources in understanding the fishermen’s choice of locations in these vulnerable areas. We have adopted a mixed scientific approach method in collecting, analysing and summarizing obtained information. We have employed a triangulation schema in the study, that is, collected data from multiple sources to compare and use relevant methods to check consistencies. On analysing the data collected from field investigation, it can be concluded that a critical relationship exists among livelihoods, risks and the immobility of the fishermen community in the Sundarbans. Their non-migration can be explained between voluntary and non-voluntary movements depending on livelihoods, vulnerability and available resources. The findings reveal that households seek to mobilize resources and opportunities to combine them into a livelihood strategy which includes the following: (a) natural resource extraction; (b) diversified income generation; (c) borrowing and investment; (d) labour and asset pooling; and (e) social networking. Finally, this study concludes that this process of combining and transforming different assets for livelihood strategies can be explained as an autonomous adaptation process.
You Can Leave the Younger Workers Out of It! Toward a Centered Paradigm for Studying Older Workers’ Employment Relationships and Late-Career Dynamics
Authors: Amarnani Rajiv K. , Bordia Prashant , Garcia Patrick R. J. M. , Sykes-Bridge Imogen
Published: March 2023

Are late careers worth studying in their own right? The way we think and reason about older workers and late careers—in scholarship and in practice—has been disproportionately informed by a research paradigm that focuses on age differences among employees, which captures how older workers on average differ from younger workers on average. While this contrastive paradigm has been generative, it can also inaccurately portray older workers as a static, homogenous group. In contrast, older workers show considerable heterogeneity (older workers vary), meaningful dynamics (older workers change), and dynamic heterogeneity (older workers vary in how they change). In this paper, we propose that the contrastive paradigm be complemented with a centered paradigm that centers on how older workers vary and change. We develop a theoretical model of how older worker dynamics and older worker heterogeneity shape the quality of their employment relationship—in terms of psychological contracts—which in turn shape their career trajectories and work role enactment. By centering this line of research on older workers, we gain a higher-resolution view of these late careers as unfolding over time and varying among older workers.
Shapes of water—A multidisciplinary composing project visioning an eco-socially oriented approach to music education
Authors: Sutela Katja
Published: March 2023

This article presents a project, Shapes of Water, funded by the Finnish Cultural Foundation, which gave music education students the opportunity to compose children’s songs about climate change with the help of artists from two fields (contemporary circus and music) and a scientist (chemistry). The article outlines the ways in which the composing project challenged students’ attitudes toward composing as a method for educating children about climate change, and brings together the experiences of the artists and scientist during the project. Finally, three focus areas are presented with recommendations for a sustainable eco-socially oriented approach to music education.