bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of gas production kinetics from phyllode and acacia plant (Acacia mangium) pod through fermentation by in vitro gas test
Authors: Kusuma J W , Tuti I N , Handayanta E , Hanifah A , Sudiyono  , Hadi R F
Published: March 2022

This study aims to evaluate feed from phyllodes and the pod of acacia plants (Acacia mangium) as an eco-friendly feed source for livestock by in-vitro gas test. It was conducted using total gas production, gas production from soluble and insoluble but fermentable fraction, the reaction rate of gas formation, and the maximum gas production that can be formed during the fermentation process. The type of plant used was Acacia mangium which is taken from the pod and phyllode. In this study, P0 was used as standard, P1 as phyllode of Acacia mangium, and P2 as the pod of Acacia mangium with 48 hours incubation. The in-vitro gas test method was used to determine the gas production from the pod and phyllode of the acacia plant. The results showed that the gas production in the phyllode and pod of acacia plants decreased (P<0.001), which was mostly from the pod of the acacia plant. Therefore, it is concluded that the phyllode and pod of the acacia plant have a significant effect on the decrease in gas production. This showed that acacia plants have the potential to be used as animal feed to reduce rumen gas production.
Producing feed protein by bioconversion of domestic and industrial organic solid wastes using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae
Authors: Yuwono A S , Permana I G , Syahril A M , Br Sembiring H A
Published: March 2022

The bioconversion of organic solid waste utilizing Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae was used to reduce the unstable domestic supply of feed protein in Indonesia due to currency change dynamics. BSF larvae are a well-known bioconversion agent capable of producing high protein content in their body mass. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a small-scale bioconversion process of domestic and industrial organic solid wastes to produce dry BSF larvae as a protein source for chicken and fish culture. The research was held at Bogor, Indonesia, from March-June 2021, where organic solid waste from a restaurant was bioconverted by BSF larvae in a biopond. After two weeks, the BSF larvae were harvested, dried, and milled to produce the powder. Based on SNI 7548:2009, the quality of pellets from BSF larvae and pupae was appropriate, except for the parameters of fat content in pellet A and water and ash content in pellet B. The results showed that fish pellets mixed with 20% protein flour affected the weight growth of Pangasius sp. Furthermore, when dried BSF larvae powder was applied to one-day-old chickens, they grew somewhat quicker than the standard feed menu. Therefore, organic solid waste, when appropriately managed, produces feed protein.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis (MVA) in Complimenting Building Condition Assessment as a Diagnosis Tool for Reinforced Concrete Structures Rated as Category 3, 4 and 5
Authors: Pirah J. , Lozitin J. , Samshuddin N. , Roslee R. , Zulkipli M.F.
Published: March 2022

In most structural repair works or building condition assessment, structural appraisal has been done through visual inspection for tell-tale signs which highlight the possible defect. This method is extended to the standard guideline by Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) in their BCA format in determining the physical condition rating. Consulting engineers or structural specialists are to participate when it is determined that the structure requires material testing in order to come up with diagnoses and prognosis. The use of descriptive statistics in both reconnaissance or desktop studies as well as in standard specifications have limitation in determining the actual structural issues. This study demonstrates the advantages of using Multivariate Statistical Analysis (MVA) in summating the right diagnosis and prognosis for structural repair works.
Monitoring strength development of concrete using the wave propagation technique: A practical study
Authors: Tang Z S , Lim Y Y , Smith S T , Choi M M H , Mostafa A
Published: March 2022

Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in the construction industry for structural members such as slabs, beams, columns and foundations due to its low cost, high durability and long service life. When concrete is freshly mixed it is in a paste form, which eventually develops into a hard solid once it has cured over time. Concrete typically takes 28 days for full-strength development. In bottom-up concrete construction, it is important to monitor the strength development of concrete under curing to ensure the concrete members are strong enough before casting additional structural elements above. In this study, an attempt is made at a construction site to monitor the strength development of concrete under curing with the non-destructive piezoelectric-based wave propagation (WP) technique. The WP technique employs two piezoelectric sensors and offers the capability of real-time monitoring on the strength development of concrete. The pressure wave (P-wave) velocity can be acquired after applying voltage to the sensor. The P-wave velocity can then be related to the strength of concrete at different curing durations. Based on the on-site experimental study, the P-wave velocities correlate well with the compressive strength of concrete from destructive compressive tests. This on-site experimental study shows the applicability of the WP technique for predicting the strength of concrete in a practical application.
Ground track response behaviour induced by train speed using seismic wave method
Authors: Yahaya N N , Ibrahim A , Ahmad J , Ahmad A , Rozli M I F , Ramli Z
Published: March 2022

Ground track response analysis is an alternative method utilized to investigate the influence of ground-borne vibrations induced by speed train on track. This study intended to get an understanding about the responsive of ground towards vibration induced from moving train. To facilitate this study, non-destructive seismic wave method was performed using new application, Sirius M instrument to identify the peak vertical acceleration generated at various running speed and track locations. The result shows the vertical acceleration data signalized from transition wave generate through passing Electric Train Service (ETS) with maximum 140km.hr−1 speed train is higher than commuter with 120km.hr−1 speed train which are 1.935m.s−2 and 1.051m.s−2 respectively. Analysis of vertical acceleration data based on different track locations corresponding to the ETS speed resulting higher peak acceleration at stable track, KM21 compared to settlement susceptible track, KM20.75 which are 6.565m.s−2 and 1.935m.s−2 respectively. The values obtained from this study indicated ground-borne vibration influenced by speed of train and different type of embankment foundation. This data can be used to assess the influences of train type and speed. Moreover, this on-site ground response measurement is potentially useful as an alternative method to determine the soil stiffness which provide an indication to the possible problematic ground susceptible to the settlement.
Physical properties of palm oil boiler ash modified bitumen with Rediset
Authors: Mohd Akhir N , Idiajir B , Gungat L , Harun S , Borhan M N , Md Yusoff N I
Published: March 2022

This study examines the physical properties of a 60/70 penetration grade bitumen modified using warm mix asphalt (WMA) additive, Rediset and palm oil boiler ash (POBA) as a modifier. Modified binders were prepared by adding 2% of Rediset with different POBA contents (3, 5, 7, and 9%) through wet mixing process. Physical properties of modified bituminous binder were obtained from penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity and ductility tests. The addition of 7% POBA in WMA binder has the best characteristics in term of its physical properties. The penetration values, softening point temperatures and ductility characteristics show inconsistent patterns. However, the rotational viscosity of each combination had decreased with the increment of temperature even though the trend was not significantly constant. Penetration index (PI) showed an increment with 3 and 5% and decrement pattern on 7 and 9% as well as penetration viscosity number (PVN) showing an inconsistent decrement with the addition of POBA. From the results, it can be concluded that using POBA in WMA binder for pavement construction is a viable option and can be further investigated.
Performance of Ozone/SnCl4 Oxidation in Stabilized Landfill Leachate Treatment
Authors: Zakaria S N F , Bolong N , Saad I , Aziz H A
Published: March 2022

Landfill leachate is well known as contains a high concentration of pollutants and threatens our environment as well as human life. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of ozonation (O3) and tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) in remedying stabilised landfill leachate (SAL). The performance of this treatment is evaluated by measuring the percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour at different dosages, pH, and reaction times. The optimum percentage removals recorded for colour and COD were 98% and 83.2%, respectively, at an optimum dosage ratio (COD: SnCl4) 1:1.25, reaction time of 60 min and pH 8.5. Moreover, the biodegradability ratio of the sample also shows an improvement from 0.03 to 0.28, using this treatment. Thus, these data show that the oxidation process has a great potential to remediate recalcitrant pollutants like leachate
Three-step, transfer-free growth of MoS2/WS2/graphene vertical van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Sitek Jakub , Pasternak Iwona , Czerniak-Łosiewicz Karolina , Świniarski Michał , Michałowski Paweł P , McAleese Clifford , Wang Xiaochen , Conran Ben R , Wilczyński Konrad , Macha Michał , Radenović Aleksandra , Zdrojek Mariusz , Strupiński Włodek
Published: March 2022

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHSs) provide a unique playground to study fundamental physics and practical applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, most 2D heterostructures are prepared by transfer, hindering their technological implementation. Here, we report the first chemical vapour deposition of monolayered MoS2/WS2/graphene vertical vdWHS without transfer step. By atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, we confirmed the vertical stacking of three different 2D materials. The use of WS2, graphene, and sapphire as growth substrates allowed us to describe the 2D materials growth process better. We determined that for the synthesis of 2D materials, only the chemical potential of the crystal formation and the substrate-layer adhesion energy are relevant factors. In addition, we used MoS2/WS2/graphene vdWHS to fabricate a photoresponsive memory device, showing the application potential of such heterostacks. Our results clarify the growth mechanisms of 2D materials and pave the way for the growth of more complex vdWHSs.
Thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat capacity of as-grown, degenerate single-crystalline ZnGa2O4
Authors: Boy Johannes , Mitdank Rüdiger , Galazka Zbigniew , Fischer Saskia F
Published: March 2022

This work provides the first experimental determination of the low-temperature thermal properties for novel highly pure single-crystalline ZnGa2O4. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat capacity of as-grown, degenerated ZnGa2O4 single crystals is measured using the 2ω-method between T = 27 K and room temperature. At room temperature the thermal diffusivity is D ≈ 6.9 · 10−6 m2s, the thermal conductivity is λ ≈ 22.9 W mK−1 and the specific heat capacity is C
V ≈ 537 J kgK−1. The thermal conductivity increases with decreasing temperatures due to reduced phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering down to T = 50 K. For lower temperatures the thermal conductivity is limited by boundary scattering.
Effect of nano ZrB2 particles on physical, mechanical and corrosion properties of Al6061 metal-matrix nano composites through stir casting route
Authors: Morampudi Priyadarsini , Ramana V S N Venkata , Vikas K Sri ram , Rahul R , Prasad Chitrada
Published: March 2022

The present study investigated the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion behaviour of Al6061 alloy reinforced with nano zirconium diboride (ZrB2) particles. The stir casting route is carried out to fabricate the Al6061 metal matrix nanocomposites (AMMNCs) by varying 0 to 2 Wt% of ZrB2 nanoparticles. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)was used to study the crystalline size and phase distribution of AMMNCs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis reveals the uniform dispersion of ZrB2 nano particulates in AMMNCs. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength, hardness of the AMMNCs were increased by 33.58%, 27.54%, and 40.57%, respectively, with the addition of ZrB2 nano particulates, while the elongation decreased to 46.03%. with the increase in ZrB2 Wt%. The corrosion rate of AMMNCs (2 Wt% ZrB2) decreased by 86% compared to Al6061 alloy. Fracture analysis of the samples showed that the fracture behaviour of Al6061 matrix alloy changed from ductile intergranular fracture to cleavage. The results show that the developed nanocomposite enhances mechanical properties and corrosion resistance with an increase in Wt% of reinforcement.
The influence of surface tension and gravity on cavitating flow past an inclined plate in a channel
Authors: Laiadi Abdelkader
Published: March 2022

This paper concerns the two-dimensional free surface cavity flow past an inclined plate in a finite depth. To close the cavity, a Riabouchinsky model is considered. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be steady and irrotational. When the gravity and surface tension are negligible, an exact free streamline solution is derived. We solve the cavity flow problem by using two numerical methods. These methods allow us to compute solutions including the effects of gravity and surface tension. The first method is the series truncation and the second is the boundary integral equations, based on Cauchy integral formula. Numerical solutions are found for different values of the angle of inclination

γ
\gamma

and for various values of the Weber number, the Froude number. Good agreement between the two numerical schemes and the exact solution provides a check on the numerical methods.
Upper and lower bounds for stress concentration in linear elasticity when 𝐶^{1,𝛼} inclusions are close to boundary
Authors: Chen Yu , Hao Xia , Xu Longjuan
Published: March 2022

We establish boundary gradient estimates for both Lamé systems with partially infinite coefficients and perfect conductivity problem. The inclusion and the matrix domain are both assumed to be of

C

1
,
α

C^{1, \alpha }

, weaker than

C

2
,
α

C^{2, \alpha }

assumptions in the previous work by Bao-Ju-Li [Adv. Math. 314 (2017), pp. 583–629]. When the inclusion is located close to the boundary of matrix domain, we give the specific examples of boundary data to obtain the lower bound gradient estimates in all dimensions, which guarantee the blow-up occurs and indicate that the blow-up rates of the gradients with respect to the distance between the interfacial surfaces are optimal.
The Need for an Economically Feasible Nursing Home Staffing Regulation: Evaluating an Acuity-Based Nursing Staff Benchmark
Authors: Bowblis John R
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

Despite concerns about the adequacy of nursing home (NH) staffing, the federal agency responsible for NH certification and regulation has never adopted an explicit quantitative nursing staff standard. A prior study has proposed a benchmark for this purpose based on the 1995/97 Staff Time Measurement (STM) studies. This article aims to assess the extent to which NHs staff to this proposed STM benchmark, the extent to which regulators already implicitly apply the STM benchmark, and compute the additional operating expenses NHs would incur to adhere to the STM benchmark.

Research Design and Methods

Using NH Compare Archive data, the STM benchmark was compared to staffing levels reported by the facility and whether NHs received a nursing staff deficiency. Using financial information from Medicare Cost Reports, the additional annual operating expenses required to staff to the STM benchmark were calculated for each state and nationwide.

Results

The vast majority of NHs did not staff to the STM benchmark; 80.2% for registered nurses and 60.0% for total nursing staff. Deficiency patterns showed that NH regulators were not using the STM benchmark to determine sufficiency of nursing staff. Implementing the STM benchmark as a regulatory standard would increase operating expenses for 59.1% of NHs, at an average annual cost of half-million dollars per facility. The nationwide increase in operating expense is estimated to be at least $4.9 billion per year.

Discussion and Implications

Without clear guidance on the staffing level needed to be sufficiently staffed, most NHs are subject to a community standard of care, which some have argued could be associated with suboptimal staffing levels. Implementing an acuity-based benchmark could result in improved staffing levels but also comes with significant economic costs. The STM benchmark is not economically feasible at current Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement levels.
Climate Competence: Youth Climate Activism and Its Impact on International Human Rights Law
Authors: Daly Aoife
Published: March 2022

Those who are under-18 are not often associated with the exercise of political rights. It is argued in this article however that youth-led climate activism is highlighting the extensive potential that children and young people have for political activism. Moreover, youth activists have come to be seen by many as uniquely competent on climate change. Youth activists have moved from the streets to the courts, utilising national and international human rights law mechanisms to further their cause. They are not the first to do so, and the extent of their impact is as yet unclear. Nevertheless, it is argued here that through applications such as Saachi (an application to the Committee on the Rights of the Child) and Duarte Agostinho (an application to the ECtHR) they are shifting the human-centric, highly procedural arena of international human rights law towards an approach which better encompasses person-environment connections.
Big data approaches to the spatial ecology and conservation of marine megafauna
Authors: Grémillet David , Chevallier Damien , Guinet Christophe
Published: March 2022

Satellite remote-sensing and wildlife tracking allow researchers to record rapidly increasing volumes of information on the spatial ecology of marine megafauna in the context of global change. This field of investigation is thereby entering the realm of big data science: Information technology allows the design of completely new frameworks for acquiring, storing, sharing, analysing, visualizing, and publicizing data. This review aims at framing the importance of big data for the conservation of marine megafauna, through intimate knowledge of the spatial ecology of these threatened, charismatic animals. We first define marine megafauna and big data science, before detailing the technological breakthroughs leading to pioneering “big data” studies. We then describe the workflow from acquiring megafauna tracking data to the identification and the prediction of their critical habitats under global changes, leading to marine spatial planning and political negotiations. Finally, we outline future objectives for big data studies, which should not take the form of a blind technological race forward, but of a coordinated, worldwide approach to megafauna spatial ecology, based on regular gap analyses, with care for ethical and environmental implications. Employing big data science for the efficient conservation of marine megafauna will also require inventing new pathways from research to action.
Late Effects Screening of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors in the Military Healthcare System
Authors: Zanetti Richard , Warwick Anne , Sicignano Nicholas , Feldman Brian
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors are a growing portion of the population with unique health screening needs. These survivors receive care within late effects oncology clinics and primary care clinics. Prior attempts to quantify compliance with follow-up recommendations have shown variable rates ranging from 28% to 73%. This study set out to assess rates of adherence to recommended health screening among pediatric ALL survivors within the U.S. DoD, identify potential risk factors contributing to patient compliance, and better define the prevalence of chronic health conditions.

Materials and Methods

This Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective cohort study used data from the U.S. DoD MHS database and identified incident cases of pediatric ALL during 2007-2011 using a conservative case identification algorithm. Minimum duration of follow-up was instituted in order to ensure the entire study population had sufficient time for the assessment of each screening exam according to recommended guidelines. Rates of adherence to recommended screening measures were calculated across the full study follow-up period, and regression analyses assessed protective factors for compliance.

Results

One hundred and forty-four incident ALL cases were identified. During the follow-up period, 31.3% developed a new mental health diagnosis. In terms of recommended screening, 94.4% had an annual complete blood count for the entire study period, 90.3% had a liver function screening, 81.9% had an echocardiogram, 34% had a bone density scan, and 54.2% had a mental health visit. Adolescents were less likely to have a bone density scan (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, 95% CI, 0.11-0.95) or a mental health visit (OR 0.28, 95% CI, 0.11-0.7).

Conclusion

The MHS provides universal access to healthcare for all beneficiaries. In this population with universal access to care, there is increased compliance with screening recommendations. Our results reflect actual screening testing as opposed to general screening visits that have been previously reported in the literature. We also highlight the significant number of mental health diagnoses among pediatric ALL survivors.
Utilizing a “Crawl, Walk, Run” Training Model to Enhance Field Sanitation Capabilities for Peacekeeping Forces: A Recommendation for the Department of Defense Global Health Engagement Enterprise
Authors: Button Graham J , Acosta Michael , Ramsey Sueann , Francis Yara , Zuerlein Scott
Published: March 2022

Introduction

DoD Global Health Engagement (GHE) planners can follow a number of models to effectively plan and execute successful GHE activities. One recommendation that could provide a significant return on investment for the DoD GHE enterprise is to utilize a “Crawl, Walk, Run” training model to build or enhance a specific medical capability for a Partner Nation (PN). Through the African Peacekeeping Rapid Response Partnership (APRRP) program, U.S. military medical subject matter experts serving as instructors for a Field Sanitation Course (FSC) delivered to the Senegalese Armed Forces (SAF), gained first-hand experience of the positive outcomes that resulted from incorporating this training model into the DoD GHE process.

Materials and Methods

The SAF completed three APRRP-led, in-person FSC iterations: May 2019 (crawl phase), September 2019 (walk phase), and February 2020 (run phase). Approximately 1 year after the completion of the in-person FSCs, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, USU’s CGHE offered a Field Sanitation Virtual Engagement to augment the FSC, emphasize specific field sanitation topics, and discuss lessons learned with the SAF on the deployment of their Level 2 Hospital.

Results

Before deploying their Level 2 Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, the SAF conducted a base camp assessment and found multiple ways to apply the knowledge and skills learned through the APRRP FSC to address issues related to waste management, pest control, and personal protective measures to protect against COVID-19. The SAF’s progress in strengthening and institutionalizing their field sanitation capabilities can be seen by their execution of their own variation of the FSC—in preparation for their deployment, the SAF conducted three of their own FSCs, which closely resembled the APRRP-administered course.

Conclusions

The “Crawl, Walk, Run” training model demonstrates an excellent teaching method that develops PN instructors so they can train more personnel in the long-term, thus building both capacity and capability. This gives the PN the opportunity to sustainably institutionalize a course, allowing them to continue training it in perpetuity. Implementing this training model flexibly to adapt to the differing needs of each PN and each line of effort would increase the success of DoD GHE activities when training PNs. It would also ensure the PN has the capability to sustainably institutionalize a course and can independently train future cohorts through internal iterations of the course.
Recent ENSO evolution and its real-time prediction challenges
Authors: Zhang Rong-Hua , Gao Chuan , Feng Licheng
Published: March 2022

The frequent occurrences of the second-year surface cooling condition in the eastern equatorial Pacific, as observed in late 2021, are attributed to decadal changes in the thermocline depth, which determine the relative dominances of local cooling effect in the east and subsurface warming effect remotely from the west. Coupled models need to adequately represent these processes in a balanced way, thus being able to successfully predict the observed sea surface temperature evolution in late 2021.
New WHO global air quality guidelines help prevent premature deaths in China
Authors: Xue Tao , Geng Guannan , Meng Xia , Xiao Qingyang , Zheng Yixuan , Gong Jicheng , Liu Jun , Wan Wei , Zhang Qiang , Kan Haidong , Zhang Shiqiu , Zhu Tong
Published: March 2022

The World Health Organization has issued new air quality guidelines (AQG). Based on 2020 data, achieving the new AQG for PM2.5 could prevent an additional 285,000 chronic deaths and 13,000 acute deaths, across China, compared with the previous AQG. The new AQG can better protect health but cannot be achieved without coordinated air-pollution-control and climate-mitigation efforts.
Implementation of IV Push Antibiotics for Outpatients During a National Fluid Shortage Following Hurricane Maria
Authors: Yagnik Kruti J , Brown L Steven , Saad Hala A , Alvarez Kristin , Mang Norman , Bird Cylaina E , Cerise Fred , Bhavan Kavita P
Published: March 2022

Background

Prior to the introduction of intravenous (IV) drip infusion, most IV drugs were delivered in a syringe bolus push. However, intravenous drip infusions subsequently became the standard of care. Puerto Rico is the largest supplier of IV fluid bags and in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, there was a nationwide fluid bag shortage. This shortage required stewardship measures to maintain the operation of the self-administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program at Parkland Health.

Methods

Parkland pharmacists evaluated all self-administered antimicrobials for viability of administration as an IV syringe bolus push (IVP) instead of an IV-drip infusion. Medications deemed appropriate were transitioned to IVP. The hospital EMR was used to identify patients discharged to the OPAT clinic using all methods of parenteral drug delivery. Data was collected for patient demographics, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Finally cost of care was calculated for IVP and IV drip administration.

Results

One-hundred and thirteen self-administered IVP and 102 self-administered IV drip treatment courses were identified during the study period. Individuals using IVP had a statistically significant decrease in hospital length of stay. Patient satisfaction was greater with IVP and IVP saved 504 liters of normal saline resulting in a savings of $43,652 over 6 months. The 30-day readmission rate and mortality were similar.

Conclusion

The abrupt IV fluid shortage following a natural disaster led to implementation of a high value care model that improved efficiency, reduced costs, and did not affect safety or efficacy.
Building social identity-based groups to enhance online peer support for patients with chronic disease: a pilot study using mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Su Jingyuan , Dugas Michelle , Guo Xitong , Gao Guodong
Published: March 2022

Online peer support is increasingly important to encourage patients with chronic diseases to engage in successful self-management. However, studies mainly focus on individual-level participation and have not fully explored how to maximize the impact of online peer support through group identification. In this study, we aim to build an online social identity-based group to examine the impact of group identity on peer support. Twenty-five participants who completed the first phase of a larger study were randomly assigned either to the treatment group (identity-based group level, n = 15, three subgroups, five members in each subgroup) or to the control group (individual-level, n = 10). All participants in both treatment and control groups received the same tasks and incentives. Peer support behavior (informational support and emotional support), task completion (knowledge learning, self-tracking behavior), and health-related outcomes (self-efficacy [SE] and HbA1c) were collected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results from a 3-month pilot experiment showed that the treatment group offered substantial enhancement in peer support compared to the control group. It also significantly promoted improvement in SE. However, there was no significant difference in task completion or changes in HbA1c between the two groups. The results of the content analysis suggest that having a team leader, timely responsiveness, and intergroup competition played important roles in building social identity-based online groups and subsequently generating peer support. We provide some encouraging results that indicate how online groups may be effectively designed to promote peer support.
A Lay Theory Perspective on Age-Based Stereotyping
Authors: Keating Lauren A , Heslin Peter A
Published: March 2022

In their insightful commentary, Murphy and DeNisi (2021) highlight that there is little consistent evidence for the proposition that age stereotypes negatively influence personnel decisions about older employees. Yet older workers increasingly report witnessing or experiencing age discrimination based on such stereotypes that impede them from securing and maintaining employment, as well as being given developmental opportunities and advancing at work. What, then, might explain this discrepancy between the scientific and anecdotal evidence? In response to Murphy and DeNisi’s (2021) call to consider potential moderators of stereotyping effects, we introduce lay theories that managers hold about older employees as a step toward understanding when and why age-stereotyping and ageist personnel management may be likely to emerge. We also discuss how older employees’ meta-lay theories could shape their reactions to Murphy and DeNisi’s (2021, p. 5) potentially dissonant message that research does not support the widely held assumption that “negative stereotypes of older workers play an important role in age discrimination in the workplace.” We suggest several avenues for research focused on understanding lay theory and age-stereotyping dynamics, as well as how this research could be leveraged for practical initiatives to ameliorate their potentially destructive impact.
First molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of West PalaearcticPollenia(Diptera: Polleniidae)
Authors: Szpila Krzysztof , Piwczyński Marcin , Glinkowski Wojciech , Lutz Lena , Akbarzadeh Kamran , Baz Arturo , Johnston Nikolas P , Grzywacz Andrzej
Published: March 2022

Cluster flies of the genus Pollenia are known as mass invaders of human dwellings, but are important plant pollinators in the temperate climatic zone. Despite being the most species-rich and widespread genus in Polleniidae, no study to date has tested infrageneric relationships using molecular data. Here we use three molecular markers, COI, Ef-1α and CAD to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between 18 West Palaearctic species of Pollenia, representing eight predefined morphological species groups, using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We show several instances where morphological and molecular results are congruent, but also instances where they are discordant. We develop a COI barcode reference library for 18 species, containing newly generated data (87 sequences) and sequences retrieved from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). We analyse this dataset using both Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Bayesian Phylogenetics & Phylogeography (BPP) methods to validate morphological species hypotheses and delimit species. The results of these species delimitation analyses were, in most cases, identical and aligned with predefined morphological species concepts. Based on the results of our analyses, we synonymize P. moravica (stat. rev.) with P. amentaria and assign 191 unidentified sequences from BOLD to named morphospecies.
Epidemiology of melanoma: the importance of correctly reporting to the cancer registries.
Authors: Fidanzi Cristian , D’Erme Angelo M. , Janowska Agata , Dini Valentina , Romanelli Marco , Manzo Margiotta Flavia , Viacava Paolo , Bagnoni Giovanni
Published: March 2022

In Italy, few epidemiologic studies have been conducted by tracing melanoma reports directly in the electronic registers of the operating units of pathologic anatomy. The Cancer Registers of the Italian regions receive only partial and incomplete data on the diagnoses of melanoma, for this reason, the incidences are usually underestimated. Our work offers a precise picture of the epidemiologic situation of melanoma in a homogenous sample of patients residing in a geographic area traditionally considered to have a high incidence of melanoma.
Varicella Zoster With Pemphigus-like Reaction
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Cassarino David
Published: March 2022

We present a case of a 55-year-old man with a rash on his right foot that was biopsied and diagnosed as a Varicella Zoster virus infection with an accompanying positive immunohistochemical study with antiviral antibodies. He concomitantly suffered from a Varicella Zoster virus meningitis. The skin biopsies not only showed clear histologic signs of viral cytopathic effects but also showed intercellular IgG and C3 intraepidermal staining by direct immunofluorescence study, findings which are typically consistent with pemphigus vulgaris. However, the patient did not have any history of pemphigus; there was no mucosal involvement, and serum antibodies to desmoglein 1 and 3 were negative. After discharge, the patient continued to have right-sided foot pain, and he continued the acyclovir treatment.
Presence of Skin Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Human Nonmalignant and Premalignant Melanocytic Skin Lesions and in Melanoma
Authors: Willemsen Marcella , Tio Darryl , Krebbers Gabrielle , Kasiem Fazira R. , Jaspars Elisabeth H. , Matos Tiago R. , Bekkenk Marcel W. , Bakker Walbert J. , Luiten Rosalie M.
Published: March 2022

The infiltration of tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells in melanoma correlates with improved survival, suggesting an important role for TRM cells in immunity against melanoma. However, little is known about the presence of TRM cells in nonmalignant and premalignant melanocytic lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of TRM cells in human skin melanocytic lesions, representing the spectrum from healthy skin to metastatic melanoma. FFPE sections from healthy skin, sun-exposed skin, benign nevi, lentigo maligna (LM), primary LM melanoma, and primary cutaneous and metastatic melanoma were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The number of infiltrating cells expressing TRM-associated markers, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD69, CD103, and CD49a, was quantified by digital analyses. Multiplex immunofluorescence was performed to analyze coexpression of TRM cell markers. More T cells and CD69+ cells were found in melanoma lesions, as compared with healthy skin and nevi. CD103+ and CD49a+ cell numbers did not significantly differ. More importantly, no differences were seen in expression of all markers between healthy skin and benign nevi. Similar results, except for CD69, were observed in LM melanoma, as compared with LM and sun-exposed skin. Interestingly, multiplex immunofluorescence showed that nevi tissues have comparable CD103+ T cell numbers with healthy skin but comprise more CD103+ CD8+ cells. Expression of TRM cell markers is significantly increased in melanoma, as compared with nonmalignant skin. Our data also show that TRM cells are not abundantly present already in premalignant tissues. Further studies on the specificity of TRM cells for melanocyte/melanoma antigens may reveal their significance in cancer immunosurveillance.
Buttocks' Skin Laxity Severity Scale
Authors: Hexsel Doris , Valente-Bezerra Indira , Dal'Forno Taciana , Camozzato Fernanda , Mosena Gabriela , Parizotto Joanna Tereza , Soirefmann Mariana , Ughini Marilene , Carvalho de Matos Rosa Maria , Silva Aline Flor , Siega Carolina
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Clinical scales are useful to assess skin laxity in different areas of the body.

OBJECTIVE

To elaborate and validate a photonumeric scale to assess buttocks skin laxity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The Buttocks' Skin Laxity Severity Scale (SLSS) was developed based on a sample of 120 patients. The SLSS validity and reliability were assessed in 2 validation cycles, performed by 8 dermatologists assessing 50 clinical cases. Both criteria and construct validity were tested.

RESULTS

The Buttocks' SLSS is composed by 5 clinical aspects of skin laxity graded from absent (0) to severe (3): buttocks ptosis, skin scalloped appearance, infragluteal fold, localized fat on the lower third of the buttocks, and linear depressed lesions. Final skin laxity classification results from the sum of each item grade multiplied by its weight and varies from 0 to 24. Overall, Kendall, weighted kappa, and intraclass correlation coefficients indicated very good reliability and consistent interrater and intrarater agreement (p < .001). Cronbach alpha of 0.82 indicates high scale reliability. The scale validity was confirmed by criteria validity tests (rs: 0.72, p < .05).

CONCLUSION

Buttocks' SLSS is a reliable and valid scale to identify skin laxity severity and its different features, and it is an accurate tool for clinical research.
Long term efficacy and safety profiles of iris-fixated foldable anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation in eyes with ≥ 10-year follow-up
Authors: Papa-Vettorazzi Mario R. , Moura-Coelho Nuno , Manero Felicidad , Cruz-Rodriguez José B. , Elies Daniel , Güell José L.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability of a foldable anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (Artiflex) in eyes with ≥10-year follow-up.

Setting:

Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular, Barcelona, Spain.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Methods:

Eyes undergoing Artiflex implantation from 2008-2011 with ≥10-year follow-up were included. Variables analyzed were: preoperative, 1-month, 1-year, 5-years, and last follow-up uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, spherical equivalent (SE), endothelial cell count (ECC), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Descriptive statistics were performed and results reported following the Standard for Reporting Refractive Surgery Outcomes.

Results:

76 eyes (40 patients) were analyzed, mean follow-up 10.67 ± 0.64 years. Mean preoperative SE was -8.26 ± 2.47D and mean preoperative cylinder -0.95 ± 0.86D. At last follow-up, efficacy and safety indices were 0.82 and 1.11, respectively. In total, 58 (76%) eyes achieved an UDVA of ≥20/40. 30 (39%) eyes gained ≥1 line of CDVA, and no eye lost ≥2 lines of CDVA. At final follow-up, 46 (61%) and 58 (76%) eyes were within ±0.50D and ±1.00D of attempted SE correction, respectively. 72 (95%) eyes had ≤1.00D of postoperative astigmatism and 46 (61%) eyes were within ±15° from the intended correction axis. At the last visit, a statistically significant myopic progression of -0.56 ± 0.83D was observed (p=0.01). Mean ECC loss at last follow-up was 12.2 ± 12.5%. IOP remained stable. 2 eyes (2.63%) developed cataract after 10.3 years.

Conclusions:

Long-term results demonstrate that Artiflex is effective, predictable, stable, and safe.
Molecular Characterization and Detection of Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Determinants in Mycoplasma genitalium in South Africa, 2015 to 2018
Authors: Mahlangu Mahlape P. , Müller Etienne E. , Da Costa Dias Bianca , Venter Johanna M.E. , Kularatne Ranmini S.
Published: March 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium is a global concern, as therapeutic options are limited. We aimed to determine the prevalence of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance–associated genetic determinants and strain diversity in M. genitalium–positive surveillance specimens from symptomatic primary health care center attendees in South Africa (2015–2018). A secondary objective was to investigate for an association between M. genitalium strain type, HIV serostatus, and antimicrobial resistance.

Methods

A total of 196 M. genitalium–positive specimens from adult males and females presenting with genital discharge to primary health care centers were tested for resistance-associated mutations in 23S rRNA, parC and gyrA. A dual-locus sequence type (DLST) was assigned to M. genitalium strains based on the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the semiconserved 5′ region of the mgpB gene (MG191-sequence typing) as well as the enumeration of short tandem repeats within the lipoprotein gene (MG309 short tandem repeat typing).

Results

The A2059G mutation in 23S rRNA, associated with macrolide resistance, was detected in 3 of 182 specimens (1.7%; 95% confidence interval, 0.3–4.7). We did not detect gyrA or parC mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in specimens that could be sequenced. Molecular typing with DLST revealed genetic heterogeneity, with DLST 4–11 being the most common M. genitalium strain type detected. There were no associations between DLST and macrolide resistance or HIV infection.

Conclusions

We found a low prevalence of M. genitalium strains with macrolide resistance–associated mutations over a 4-year surveillance period. Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is essential for informing genital discharge syndromic treatment guidelines.
Virtual Surgical Subinternships: Course Objectives and a Proposed Curriculum
Authors: Reghunathan Meera , Dean Riley A. , Hauch Adam , Reid Christopher M. , Gosman Amanda A. , Lance Samuel H.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, patient care and medical education have faced many significant changes. The Association of American Medical Colleges and the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgery officially recommended halting all student rotations and interviews for the year. This change has unfortunately fallen squarely at the onset of a vital season for education and recruitment of plastic surgery subinterns. This article presents a curriculum for a single institution’s virtual surgical subinternship to help inspire ideas and inspiration for programs developing their own virtual subinternships.

Methods:

The goals for the virtual surgical subinternship are focused on student preparation for residency and remain similar to those outlined by the core competencies for in-person rotations. The first virtual subinternship in plastic surgery modeled after the curriculum presented was offered as a 2-week course starting May of 2020.

Results:

The components of the curriculum include a self-study syllabus, virtual case reviews, virtual suture laboratory, educational teleconferences, participation in research, and mentorship meetings. The 2-week course has approximately 25 hours of conferences and teaching, involving direct interaction with residents and faculty, and approximately 15 hours of self-directed learning.

Conclusions:

To the authors’ knowledge, this was the first virtual subinternship offered for rising fourth-year medical students. They strongly encourage other residency training programs to offer similar virtual learning opportunities for medical students, particularly for those without access to a home plastic surgery training program. The curriculum presented in this article is simply to provide ideas, inspiration, and a potential framework for programs wishing to create similar virtual learning opportunities.
Objective Comparison of Donor-Site Morbidity following Full and Thoracodorsal Nerve-Preserving Split Latissimus Dorsi Flaps
Authors: Oberhofer Haley M. , Samant Sonja S. , Swan Courtney C. , Wolfe Erin M. , Satteson Ellen S. , Leyngold Mark M. , Chim Harvey
Published: March 2022

Background:

The latissimus dorsi flap is a workhorse for reconstruction. However, flap harvest has been variably reported to result in donor-site morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare donor-site morbidity following harvest of a split latissimus dorsi flap, preserving the anterior branch of the thoracodorsal nerve, and a traditional nerve-sacrificing full latissimus dorsi flap.

Methods:

Patients who underwent split or full latissimus dorsi flaps between July of 2017 and August of 2020 at a single center were recalled for assessment. Donor-site morbidity in the shoulder was evaluated through the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index; and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons questionnaire. Medical Research Council strength grading was also performed.

Results:

A total of 22 patients in the split latissimus dorsi cohort and 22 patients in the full latissimus dorsi cohort were recalled. Patient-reported outcomes as assessed through the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; Shoulder Pain and Disability Index; and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons questionnaire scores revealed statistically greater (p < 0.05) donor-site morbidity associated with the traditional compared to split latissimus dorsi flap. Seven patients in the full latissimus dorsi cohort had less than Medical Research Council grade 5 power at the shoulder, whereas all patients in the split latissimus dorsi cohort demonstrated full power at the shoulder.

Conclusions:

Traditional full latissimus dorsi flaps were found to result in greater donor-site morbidity compared to thoracodorsal nerve-preserving split latissimus dorsi flaps. Split latissimus dorsi flaps may be beneficial in preserving donor-site function and strength.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, III.