bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk-based ultrasound probe quality assurance – a single center proof-of-concept study
Authors: Botz Bálint
Published: November 2024

Ultrasound probe quality assurance is an underserved and underregulated area in medical imaging. While several testing methods exist, their availability and adoption remains varied, and the frequency of testing is often insufficient. Here we aimed to conduct a user-driven simple and rapid probe quality testing approach and to evaluate its rationale.

Testing was based on physical examination of probe integrity (all probes) and in-air reverberation check (for curvilinear and linear array probes), findings, as well as probe age were registered. Prior to assessment, probes were divided into a high-risk vs. a low-risk category, based on the perceived risk of probe damage as a result of the typical application (e.g., non-invasive vs. interventional, inpatient vs. point-of-care).

17.4% of the low-risk and 31.4% of high-risk probes demonstrated physical wear or damage. Reverberation artifacts were significantly more frequent (68%) in the high-risk category vs. the low-risk one (29.4%). Probes with either physical or reverberation faults were significantly older on average.

The simple, rapid investigational technique uncovered an alarming percentage of probe damage or faults. It also identified immediately solvable technical issues (e.g., poor cable contact mimicking dropout). High-risk probe usage resulted in an increased rate of reverberation errors and physical damage. Risk-based, frequent rapid observational testing of ultrasound probes could substantially improve both diagnostic quality and patient safety.
Institutionalisierte Kindesbetreuung im Vorschulalter und berichtete
Misshandlungen: Eine Befragung in Ostdeutschland
Authors: Helmert Claudia , McLaren Thomas , Fleischer Toni , Ulke Christine , Altweck Laura , Hahm Stefanie , Muehlan Holger , Kriechel Lisa , Beutel Manfred E. , Schmidt Silke , Schomerus Georg , Brähler Elmar , Speerforck Sven
Published: November 2024

Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit erhöhen das Risiko für psychische Probleme im
Erwachsenenalter. Wie die frühe institutionelle Betreuung in der DDR mit
Gewalterfahrungen assoziiert ist und Angst und Depression im Erwachsenenalter
beeinflussen, ist wenig erforscht. Die Stichprobe umfasst N=1743 Personen,
geboren in der DDR (1949–1983). Mit Multigruppen-Pfadanalysen (stratifiziert
Männer/Frauen) untersuchen wir den Einfluss vorschulischer Betreuung über den
Mediator Kindheitstrauma (CTS) auf Ängstlichkeit (GAD-7) und Depressivität
(PHQ-9) im Erwachsenenalter. Es zeigen sich keine direkten Effekte der
vorschulischen Betreuung auf Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität. Kindheitstrauma
wirkt sich signifikant auf die aktuelle psychische Gesundheit aus (Frauen
β=0,253–0,610; Männer β=0,092–0,439). Die Analysen legen nahe, dass es keinen
Zusammenhang zwischen institutioneller Betreuung und Gewalterfahrungen in der
Kindheit gibt. Weiterer Kontextfaktoren in Betreuung sind für die Entwicklung
bevölkerungsweiter Präventionsstrategien, für die Sicherheit von Kindern von
Bedeutung.
FDI, industrialisation and environmental quality in SSA—the role of institutional quality towards environmental sustainability
Authors: Jinapor John Abdulai , Abor Joshua Yindenaba , Graham Michael
Published: November 2024

In light of the quest to achieve economic development without compromising environmental quality, we empirically examine whether institutional quality (INSQY) can help moderate the possible harmful effects of foreign direct investments (FDI) and industrialisation on environmental quality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We utilise the Driscoll and Kraay standard error estimation technique on a panel of 45 SSA countries from 2000 to 2019. The results indicate that FDI and industrialisation generally have a significant harmful effect on the environment. Our findings reveal that INSQY directly promotes environmental quality. Notably, the results confirm that INSQY plays a stimulating role in mitigating the adverse effects of FDI and industrialisation on environmental quality. The results further validate the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in SSA. These findings contribute to environmental sustainability literature and offer policymakers insights on how INSQY can enhance environmental quality. Our empirical results are also robust to different estimation techniques, such as the two-stage least squares. We recommend SSA leaders strengthen institutional capacities, enforce environmental regulations, and implement strict policies to ensure environmental quality while promoting industrialisation and FDI inflows.
Economical–epidemiological analysis of the coffee trees rust pandemic
Authors: Lazebnik Teddy , Rosenfeld Ariel , Shami Labib
Published: November 2024

Coffee leaf rust is a prevalent botanical disease that causes a worldwide reduction in coffee supply and its quality, leading to immense economic losses. While several pandemic intervention policies (PIPs) for tackling this rust pandemic are commercially available, they seem to provide only partial epidemiological relief for farmers. In this work, we develop a high-resolution spatiotemporal economical–epidemiological model, extending the Susceptible-Infected-Removed model, that captures the rust pandemic’s spread in coffee tree farms and its associated economic impact. Through extensive simulations for the case of Colombia, a country that consists mostly of small-size coffee farms and is the second-largest coffee producer in the world, our results show that it is economically impractical to sustain any profit without directly tackling the rust pandemic. Furthermore, even in the hypothetical case where farmers perfectly know their farm’s epidemiological state and the weather in advance, any rust pandemic-related efforts can only amount to a limited profit of roughly 4% on investment. In the more realistic case, any rust pandemic-related efforts are expected to result in economic losses, indicating that major disturbances in the coffee market are anticipated.
Acoustic field visualization and source localization via physics-informed learning of sparse data with adaptive sampling
Authors: Chen Jian , Xu Dan , Fang Weijian , Wu Shiwei , Wu Haiteng
Published: November 2024

Traditional methods for acoustic field visualization require considerable effort for capturing large amounts of acoustic data to achieve a high resolution field map, highly limiting their widespread use. In this study, we propose an approach for acoustic field visualization based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) by using a small amount of data, subsequently realizing accurate acoustic source localization. First, we present a PINN model integrated with an acoustic Helmholtz equation and adaptive sampling, the performance of which is testified via numerical simulations. The “no mesh” character of PINN enables achieving high resolution acoustic field visualization without requiring the capture of numerous data in advance. Furthermore, we experimentally validate the performance of the proposed method, which demonstrates that the acoustic sources can be precisely localized with sparse field data acquisition within a small area. This work would find potential applications in various acoustics, such as acoustic communication, biomedical imaging, and virtual reality.
Kinetics and morphology of multi-core compound drops in pressure-driven flows
Authors: Pathak Soham Shrirang , Jadhav Sayali N. , Ghosh Uddipta
Published: November 2024

Compound drops or, double emulsions, find important applications in cosmetics and food industry, biomedical devices, petroleum industry, and many others. Most naturally occurring compound drops in these applications tend to contain multiple smaller cores inside an outer shell and their interactions are expected to have significant impact on the shape and kinetics of the entire drop. Yet, the existing literature focuses heavily on probing the mechanics of only single-core compound drops. As such, in this article, we numerically explore the dynamics and the morphology of multi-core compound drops suspended in pressure-driven background flows in narrow confinements, using the phase field formalism. To this end, we specifically consider dual and triple-core compound drops in a variety of configurations. Our findings reveal that multi-core compound drops may be inherently unstable as their kinetics is largely dominated by pinch-off and merger of the cores. Such events are, in turn, strongly influenced by several factors, such as the distribution of the cores within the shell, the starting position of the drop, core eccentricity, to underline a few. It is observed that the insight gained from the behavior of single-core drops helps us understand the kinetics of dual-core drops and likewise, those of dual-core ones are crucial toward understanding the intricacies of triple-core drops. Despite such hierarchy, the complexities in the motion and deformation of the cores and the shell in the presence of background flows increase very rapidly as the number of cores increase beyond three.
Experimental investigation of contact time of bouncing droplet on vibrating substrates
Authors: Gao Shu-Rong , Shi Shi-Hua , Sun Jun-Jun , Liu Zhe , Yang Yan-Ru , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: November 2024

The observation of an elastic substrate self-driving droplet to produce a “springboard effect” provides new enlightenment to the application of elastic materials in the anti-icing area. The droplet–substrate dynamic of a water drop impacting a superhydrophobic elastic substrate is experimentally investigated at different Weber (We) numbers and beam stiffness. For water drop, the spreading dynamic is not affected by the We number and beam stiffness since the inertial action is dominant, and the elastic action of the beam is relatively small, while the receding dynamic is closely related to the parameters. For elastic substrate, the vibrating deflection increases with the increase in the We number and reduction of the stiffness, while the vibrating frequency is only dependent on its stiffness. Based on this, the rebound dynamic of the droplet is discovered dependent on the scale relationship between the droplet and substrate oscillation period. Finally, a relation of the contact time of a droplet impacting elastic substrates, which is verified to hold for a large range of We numbers, beam stiffness, and droplet sizes, is established. The discoveries may contribute to the design of a droplet–elastic substrate system to achieve desirable contact time, providing a theoretical basis to forecast the performance of droplet–substrate systems by employing elastic materials.
Mixed-mode oscillations and chaos in a complex chemical reaction network involving heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Li Hsing-Ya , Chien Yu-Shu , Chiou Ming-Shen
Published: November 2024

The nonlinear dynamical behavior in a complex isothermal reaction network involving heterogeneous catalysis is studied. The method first determines the multiple steady states in the reaction network. This is followed by an analysis of bifurcation continuations to identify several kinds of bifurcations, including limit point, Bogdanov–Takens, generalized Hopf, period doubling, and generalized period doubling. Numerical simulations are performed around the period doubling and generalized period doubling bifurcations. Rich nonlinear behaviors are observed, including simple sustained oscillations, mixed-mode oscillations, non-mixed-mode chaotic oscillations, and mixed-mode chaotic oscillations. Concentration–time plots, 2D phase portraits, Poincaré maps, maximum Lyapunov exponents, frequency spectra, and cascade of bifurcations are reported. Period-doubling and period-adding routes leading to chaos are observed. Maximum Lyapunov exponents are positive for all the chaotic cases, but they are also positive for some non-chaotic orbits. This result diminishes the reliability of using maximum Lyapunov exponents as a tool for determining chaos in the network under study.
Dual structural fluxionality in the copper borozene complex Cu3B8−: A two-layered molecular rotor
Authors: Xu Jing-kai , Zhang Hui-yu , Cui Li-juan , Cui Zhong-hua
Published: November 2024

Doubly aromatic B82−, a borozene analog of benzene (C6H6) due to their similar π bonding, can be considered an ideal base for multi-layered molecular rotors. Here, we theoretically constructed the copper borozene complex Cu3B8− to investigate its stability and structural fluxionality. The lowest energy isomers consist of two-layered configurations: a B8 molecular wheel and a triangular Cu3 motif that either stands upright or lies flat above the B8 wheel. Both configurations exhibit structural fluxionality, as indicated by the free rotation of Cu3 with respect to the B8 molecular wheel, confirmed by Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations even at low temperatures. This fluxional behavior is associated with an ultra-soft vibrational mode of Cu3 (less than 10.0 cm−1) and a negligible rotational barrier of 0.01 kcal/mol. Notably, high simulated temperatures cause irregular interconversion between the standing and lying orientations of Cu3 without regularity. Chemical bonding analysis confirmed that charge transfer from Cu3 to the B8 wheel renders Cu3B8− a typical copper borozene complex, [Cu3+][B82−], where B82− has six delocalized π and σ electrons. This electron delocalization contributes to a dilute and continuous electron cloud that underpins the dynamic behavior of the Cu3 trimer.
Templex-based dynamical units for a taxonomy of chaos
Authors: Mosto Caterina , Charó Gisela D. , Letellier Christophe , Sciamarella Denisse
Published: November 2024

Discriminating different types of chaos is still a very challenging topic, even for dissipative three-dimensional systems for which the most advanced tool is the template. Nevertheless, getting a template is, by definition, limited to three-dimensional objects based on knot theory. To deal with higher-dimensional chaos, we recently introduced the templex combining a flow-oriented BraMAH cell complex and a directed graph (a digraph). There is no dimensional limitation in the concept of templex. Here, we show that a templex can be automatically reduced into a “minimal” form to provide a comprehensive and synthetic view of the main properties of chaotic attractors. This reduction allows for the development of a taxonomy of chaos in terms of two elementary units: the oscillating unit (O-unit) and the switching unit (S-unit). We apply this approach to various well-known attractors (Rössler, Lorenz, and Burke–Shaw) as well as a non-trivial four-dimensional attractor. A case of toroidal chaos (Deng) is also treated.
Research on circulation control mechanisms based on Lagrangian dynamics
Authors: Ma Junyu , Du Hai , Zhang Tonghao , Zhang Xiaodong , He Yunao , Zhang Kaiyuan , Gui Hongping
Published: November 2024

Circulation control technology greatly improves an aircraft's aerodynamic efficiency by employing high-speed jets at the wing's trailing edge, which generates the Coanda effect. This paper analyzes and reveals the mechanism of circulation control from the perspective of Lagrangian dynamics. First, simulate the circulation control airfoil using the shear stress transport turbulence model to obtain instantaneous flow field data under various jet momentum coefficients (Cμ) and angles of attack. Subsequently, from the perspective of Lagrangian dynamics, the mixing, material transport, and momentum transfer processes between the jet and the trailing-edge separation zone are analyzed using attracting Lagrangian Coherent Structures (aLCSs) under different jet momentum coefficients. Next, through the perspective of particle motion in the Lagrangian framework, the study reveals the accelerating effect of the Coanda jet on the low-speed fluid over the upper wing surface. Additionally, repelling Lagrangian Coherent Structures are used to characterize the downward movement of the leading-edge stagnation point after applying circulation control, and the impact of this movement on the flow state is analyzed. Finally, the analysis using aLCSs assesses the flow control effectiveness of Coanda jets as “virtual aerodynamic flaps.” This analysis helps to further understand the advantages of the “virtual rudder surface” formed by Coanda jet.
Energy harvesting from wake-induced vibration of flexible flapper behind a bluff body
Authors: Chatterjee Rajanya , Shah Chhote Lal , Gupta Sayan , Sarkar Sunetra
Published: November 2024

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from ambient vibrations offers a promising small-scale energy generation strategy, with wake-induced vibration of flexible structures being an ideal candidate. This study examines a bluff body followed by a fully flexible piezoelectric flapper in a viscous free-stream flow using an in-house discrete forcing immersed boundary method-based fluid-structure-electric energy solver for parametric investigation. Different vortex shedding regimes are identified based on vortex formation around the flexible flapper. The complex and interdependent spatiotemporal dynamics of the wake and flexible body dictated by parameters such as bending rigidity and the gap space between the flapper and bluff body result in various deformation profiles, influencing the strain rate and output power. The study also investigates the independent variation of flapper length and its impact on vortical arrangements and flexibility, introducing different oscillation modes. The present study takes a nuanced view of the overall dynamics and their mutual effect on the power output, unlike most existing studies where enhancing the amplitude and frequency of oscillations for an optimal output was the main concern. Factors such as flapper curvature, its asymmetry, and periodicity have been especially highlighted in the context of the output and the corresponding parametric spaces investigated. Interestingly, the increase in piezo-flapper length has seen a reduction in output, though it was instrumental in bringing symmetry back. The study offers comprehensive insights into ideal harvesting regimes and the underlying dynamical mechanisms and can contribute toward the design of future energy harvesting devices.
The vortex structure and enstrophy of the mixing transition induced by Rayleigh–Taylor instability
Authors: Qi Han , He Zhi-wei , Xu Ai-guo , Zhang You-sheng
Published: November 2024

The mixing induced by the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability occurs widely in various natural phenomena and engineering applications, such as inertial confinement fusion. The mixing transition in the RT mixing process is the key process affecting the mixing evolution. At present, research in RT mixing transition mainly involves mixing transition criteria based on global quantities, statistical analysis of mixedness parameters and kinetic energy, and so on. A few studies have paid attention to the evolution of vorticity and its intensity, enstrophy, during mixing transition process. However, previous studies have inferred that vorticity and enstrophy play important roles in mixing transition. In this paper, implicit large-eddy simulation for RT mixing is carried out to analyze the evolution of vorticity and enstrophy in mixing transition. First, the vortical motions throughout the whole mixing process are investigated by comparing the contours of mass fraction and vorticity. Then, for revealing the mechanism of vortical motions in transition stage, the vortex structures are extracted and the relationship between vortex structures and enstrophy in mixing transition is investigated. Finally, in order to quantify the vortical motions in the mixing transition, the probability density function (PDF) of enstrophy is introduced and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The evolution of vortical motions is closely related to the RT mixing transition process. Enstrophy can reflect the vortical motions in the mixing transition process. When the growth rate of averaged enstrophy reaches its maximum value, the transition occurs; (2) the PDFs of enstrophy can quantify the evolution of vortex structures during mixing transition and characterize the mixing transition process. The mixing transition begins when the PDF of enstrophy appears double peaks. The process of PDF right peak movement corresponds to the transition process, and the transition ends when the position of the right peak is no longer moving. Since the enstrophy studied in this paper is a local field quantity, the above results are expected to be used to construct local mixing transition criterion.
Physics-informed neural networks for weakly compressible flows using Galerkin–Boltzmann formulation
Authors: Aygun A. , Karakus A.
Published: November 2024

In this work, we study the Galerkin–Boltzmann formulation within a physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework to solve flow problems in weakly compressible regimes. The Galerkin–Boltzmann equations are discretized with second-order Hermite polynomials in microscopic velocity space, which leads to a first-order conservation law with six equations. Reducing the output dimension makes this equation system particularly well suited for PINNs compared with the widely used D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann velocity space discretizations. We created two distinct neural networks to overcome the scale disparity between the equilibrium and non-equilibrium states in collision terms of the equations. We test the accuracy and performance of the formulation with benchmark problems and solutions for forward and inverse problems with limited data. We compared our approach with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation and the D2Q9 formulation. We show that the Galerkin–Boltzmann formulation results in similar L2 errors in velocity predictions in a comparable training time with the Navier–Stokes equation and lower training time than the D2Q9 formulation. We also solve forward and inverse problems for a flow over a square, try to capture an accurate boundary layer, and infer the relaxation time parameter using available data from a high-fidelity solver. Our findings show the potential of utilizing the Galerkin–Boltzmann formulation in PINN for weakly compressible flow problems.
Experimental study of convective heat transfer with a multi-scale roughness
Authors: Sukhanovskii Andrei , Vasiliev Andrei , Popova Elena
Published: November 2024

The heat transfer in a turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection with a multi-scale roughness at the bottom is studied experimentally. Two different regimes for the heat transfer are found. The first regime has scaling exponent γI=0.4 and corresponds to the reduced values of the Nusselt number. The second regime with enhanced values of the Nusselt number has a scaling exponent γII=0.32, which is noticeably larger than in the case of smooth boundaries. Significant variation in the Prandtl number (from 6.4 to 62) does not change the scaling exponent value of the second regime but increases the values of Nusselt number. The scaling exponent for the relation Re∼Raα is insensitive to the change of the heat transfer regime and is close to 1/2 for all values of Ra. The characteristic ratio of the velocity pulsations to the mean velocity does not depend on the Rayleigh number and is characterized by close values (about 0.8). The local temperature measurements support the mechanism of the transition from the reduced Nusselt number regime to the enhanced one, which is based on the formation of flows between obstacles.
Effects of oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity on wind characteristics of a simplified hill and ridge
Authors: Jing Hongmiao , Li Weikang , Qiao Mingzhe , Yang Xiongwei , Zhou Xue , Cui Shengnan , Zhang Yinxuan
Published: November 2024

Supertall buildings and long-span bridges are significantly affected by wind-induced vibrations, and the wind fields in mountainous areas are highly complex and influenced by the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. To accurately determine the variation patterns of wind characteristics in mountainous areas under different oncoming wind speeds and turbulence intensities, large eddy simulation (LES) was employed to analyze wind fields over simplified hill and ridge models. By setting different basic wind speeds (5, 10, 15, and 20 m/s) and turbulence intensities (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%) at the inlet, the variation patterns of wind characteristics over the simplified hill and ridge under atmospheric boundary layer inflow were studied, revealing wind field flow mechanisms. The results indicate that the wind characteristics on the leeward side of the simplified hill and ridge are significantly influenced by the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. Increasing the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity leads to decreased wind profile deceleration, reduced changes in wind direction and attack angles, and increased wind speed amplification factor. In addition, the turbulence fluctuations, power spectra, and coherence function between two points on the leeward side increase with the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. The turbulent integral scale decreases with an increase in the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity. As the wind speed and turbulence increase, the size of the recirculation bubble gradually decreases, with its center moving closer to the wall surface. In the vorticity field, the number of smaller-scale three-dimensional turbulent vortices near the hill and ridge increases. These differences in flow characteristics are the fundamental causes of the changes in wind characteristics. High wind speeds and turbulence intensities typically result in higher kurtosis and skewness, with significant non-Gaussian characteristics in the fluctuating wind. Traditional wind load design specifications for building architecture based on a Gaussian distribution may not be applicable to mountainous terrain. In practical engineering, the influences of the oncoming wind speed and turbulence intensity on wind characteristics should be fully considered.
Binary collision dynamics of immiscible Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid droplets
Authors: Qian Lijuan , Liu Xinwei , Zhu Chenlin
Published: November 2024

This experimental and theoretical study is devoted to the investigation of head-on collisions of two immiscible Newtonian and non-Newtonian droplets. The density of the two droplets is similar, and the viscosity of 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose droplet is slightly larger than 10 cSt silicone oil. The sizes and relative velocity of the colliding droplets close to the point of impact are measured by means of image processing. The deformed states after the impact and their evolution with time are studied by experimental visualization and the energy evolution with time are discussed by numerical results. The accuracy of the two-dimensional axisymmetric three-phase flow computational model is validated. We study the effects of collisions of non-Newtonian droplets with Newtonian droplets and the subsequent retraction kinetics. Droplet “cannibalization” is commonly observed: after collision and spreading, the droplet retracts rapidly, resulting in a Newtonian droplet wrapping around a non-Newtonian droplet. We show the whole process of droplet collision captured by a high-speed camera and obtain the cloud and velocity vector maps of the droplets by numerical simulation. The droplet wrapping phenomenon is produced by different three-phase interfacial tensions and viscosities. We delineate the different phases of the collision process and discuss the dominant forces in each phase. We calculate the energy evolution of the spreading phase and use it to derive a predictive model for the dimensionless maximum spreading diameter and spreading time.
Extended sperm storage recorded in red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) during a trial translocation to Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park, South Australia
Authors: Manning Tessa P. , Moyle Talitha , Peacock David , Austin Jeremy J.
Published: November 2024

We present a case of extended sperm storage in a female red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) during a trial reintroduction in 2022. Parentage reported by single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping revealed the father of one litter had died approximately 50 days before the litter was born. The recorded gestation period for red-tailed phascogales is 28–32 days. Our record indicates sperm storage and/or diapause of up to 15–27 days, at least double the previously recorded sperm storage duration in this species.
Unlocking the value of Shingrix: how vaccination empowers older adults
Authors: Flanagan Katie L. , Wood James G.
Published: November 2024

Shingles, and its often-debilitating complication post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), is a common condition, particularly in older populations whose immune systems have declined with age. As the number of older people continues to rise globally, healthy aging becomes an ever-increasing priority from a public health perspective. The recombinant zoster vaccine Shingrix has been shown in clinical trials to have excellent efficacy and provides long-lasting protection even in those with weaker immunity such as the very old. Cost-effectiveness analyses are complex due to the many factors that need to be considered, but many conducted to date support Shingrix vaccination as a cost-effective means of preventing shingles and PHN in the elderly. These studies suggest that Shingrix is superior to the live Zostavax vaccine. Shingrix was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in October 2017, and the European Medicines Agency and Australian Therapeutic Goods Association in 2018 for the prevention on shingles in adults ≥50 years of age. In 2023, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) recommended funding a Shingrix program in Australia, and it became available on the National Immunisation Program (NIP) that year, whereas the Zostavax vaccine was discontinued. Shingrix is recommended under the Australian NIP for people aged 65 years and over, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people ≥50 years and those ≥18 years with severe immunocompromise. Multiple other countries have funded national Shingrix programs in recent years with similar recommendations. Since its introduction, demand for Shingrix has been high, and uptake is expected to supersede Zostavax uptake.
Cytosolic
N6AMT1-
dependent translation supports mitochondrial RNA processing
Authors: Foged Mads M. , Recazens Emeline , Chollet Sylvain , Lisci Miriam , Allen George E. , Zinshteyn Boris , Boutguetait Doha , Münch Christian , Mootha Vamsi K. , Jourdain Alexis A.
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial biogenesis relies on both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and imbalance in their expression can lead to inborn errors of metabolism, inflammation, and aging. Here, we investigate N6AMT1, a nucleo-cytosolic methyltransferase that exhibits genetic codependency with mitochondria. We determine transcriptional and translational profiles of
N6AMT1
and report that it is required for the cytosolic translation of TRMT10C (MRPP1) and PRORP (MRPP3), two subunits of the mitochondrial RNAse P enzyme. In the absence of
N6AMT1
, or when its catalytic activity is abolished, RNA processing within mitochondria is impaired, leading to the accumulation of unprocessed and double-stranded RNA, thus preventing mitochondrial protein synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, and leading to an immune response. Our work sheds light on the function of
N6AMT1
in protein synthesis and highlights a cytosolic program required for proper mitochondrial biogenesis.
Gauge invariant perturbations of static spatially compact LRS II spacetimes
Authors: Luz Paulo , Carloni Sante
Published: November 2024

We present a framework to describe completely general first-order perturbations of static, spatially compact, and locally rotationally symmetric class II spacetimes within the theory of general relativity. The perturbation variables are by construction covariant and identification gauge invariant and encompass the geometry and the thermodynamics of the fluid sources. The new equations are then applied to the study of isotropic, adiabatic perturbations. We discuss how the choice of frame in which perturbations are described can significantly simplify the mathematical analysis of the problem and show that it is possible to change frames directly from the linear level equations. We find explicitly that the case of isotropic, adiabatic perturbations can be reduced to a singular Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem, and lower bounds for the values of the eigenfrequencies can be derived. These results lay the theoretical groundwork to analytically describe linear, isotropic, and adiabatic perturbations of static, spherically symmetric spacetimes.
Moving tubes: the role of walls in a modified Bernoulli equation
Authors: G Amaral H S , de Melo e Souza R , Pereira R M
Published: November 2024

In this paper, standard and introductory examples of fluid dynamics are analyzed from an unusual perspective, choosing reference frames in which the tube carrying the fluid is also moving. In such frames, Bernoulli’s equation is not valid, and to analyze the energy balance one must account for the work exerted by the tube’s wall. This example provides a useful pedagogical bridge between fluid dynamics and mechanics courses, allowing both instructors and curious students to (i) reinforce tools such as the work–energy theorem and (ii) appreciate the special nature of the tube’s rest frame, a point rarely emphasized in textbooks. In addition, it is shown how elementary arguments may be used to construct, for a class of representative examples, a frame invariant expression for the pressure difference.
Network architecture search methods for constructing efficient fault diagnosis models in rotating machinery
Authors: Li Jialin , Cao Xuan , Chen Renxiang , Zhao Chengying , Huang Xianzhen
Published: November 2024

The development of high-performance fault diagnosis models for specific tasks requires substantial expertise. Neural architecture search (NAS) offers a promising solution, but most NAS methodologies are hampered by lengthy search durations and low efficiency, and few researchers have applied these methods within the fault diagnosis domain. This paper introduces a novel differentiable architecture search method tailored for constructing efficient fault diagnosis models for rotating machinery, designed to rapidly and effectively search for network models suitable for specific datasets. Specifically, this study constructs a completely new and advanced search space, incorporating various efficient, lightweight convolutional operations to reduce computational complexity. To enhance the stability of the differentiable network architecture search process and reduce fluctuations in model accuracy, this study proposes a novel Multi-scale Pyramid Squeeze Attention module. This module aids in the learning of richer multi-scale feature representations and adaptively recalibrates the weights of multi-dimensional channel attention. The proposed method was validated on two rotating machinery fault datasets, demonstrating superior performance compared to manually designed networks and general network search methods, with notably improved diagnostic effectiveness.
Underground XLPE coaxial cable length calculation and fault detection based on broadband impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Chunqi , Chen Dongsheng , Hou Yimin
Published: November 2024

Accurately determining the tested cable’s total length is important in cable fault detection and localization. Therefore, an iterative method of relative propagation coefficients based on broadband impedance spectroscopy is proposed to solve the actual length of the cable and a phase difference integral transform method for fault detection. First, the overall detection process framework is designed. Then, the cable distribution parameter model and the characteristics of the input impedance spectroscopy are analyzed. The calculation methods for determining the cable length and propagation coefficients are explained, followed by a demonstration of the fault localization process. Finally, the model LCR1000A impedance analyzer is used to measure cable length and actual faults in cables with lengths of 35 m, 100 m, and 500 m. The final fault location error is less than 0.67%, proving that the method can calculate the length of cables and various fault point locations.
Optimising bearing degradation prediction: a bayesian vector autoregressive-assisted DeepAR model approach
Authors: Fan Kangbo , Peng Yizhen , Mo Yutao
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life of bearings is crucial for the maintenance of rotating machinery. Current research often involves extracting multidimensional features from vibration signals to construct health degradation indicator, and health indicator is directly used for degradation prediction. However, constructed health indicator exhibit complex nonlinearity and fail to utilize the correlations with the original multidimensional features. To address this limitation, we propose an integrated prediction framework, known as the bayesian vector autoregression-assisted DeepAR method. The proposed two step prediction framework combines the advantages of covariance prediction and temporal correlation prediction, and realizes the full utilization of multidimensional features correlation information. Additionally, the proposed approach utilizes the intrinsic properties of statistical models to constrain improve the prediction results of deep learning methods, achieving nonlinear modeling of the degradation indicator while maintaining the stability of the prediction results. This process of prediction, re-estimation and adaptive adjustment achieves a balance in model performance. Finally, experimental studies using the PRONOSTIA and XJTU-SY datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the prediction accuracy of bearing health degradation indicators and enhancing the stability of multistep prediction in deep model.
On the internal bremsstrahlung accompanying β-decay and its potential relevance in the application of radioactive sources
Authors: Italiano Antonio , Amato Ernesto , Pistone Daniele , Auditore Lucrezia
Published: November 2024

An in-depth analysis of the decay process for β-emitting radionuclides highlights, for some of them, the existence of high-order effects usually not taken into account in literature as considered negligible in terms of energy and yield, and referred to as Internal Bremsstrahlung (IB). This set of β -radionuclides presents, besides their β spectrum, a continuous γ emission due to the Coulomb field braking action on the emitted electron following the decaying nucleus. In this work, we review the theoretical and experimental studies on the IB process focusing on its actual importance for the pure β emitters. It emerges that there is no satisfactory model able to reproduce the experimental IB distribution for most of the investigated beta emitters and the several measurements are sometimes at odds with each other. Moreover, as recently demonstrated, the IB process can give a relevant contribution to the physics of beta emitters thus requiring its inclusion in the physics of the beta decay. A discussion on the importance of considering IB process in both applicative fields such as nuclear medicine, industrial applications, and research or calibration laboratories, and in other relevant fields of particle physics or astrophysics, such as the research on dark matter or neutrino mass, is presented.
Reversible to irreversible transitions for ac driven skyrmions on periodic substrates
Authors: Bellizotti Souza J C , Vizarim N P , Reichhardt C J O , Reichhardt C , Venegas P A
Published: November 2024

Using atomistic simulations, we investigate the dynamical behavior of magnetic skyrmions in dimer and trimer molecular crystal arrangements, as well as bipartite lattices at 3/2 and 5/2 fillings, under ac driving over a square array of anisotropy defects. For low ac amplitudes, at all fillings reversible motion appears in which the skyrmions return to their original positions at the end of each ac drive cycle and the diffusion is zero. We also identify two distinct irreversible regimes. The first is a translating regime in which the skyrmions form channels of flow in opposing directions and translate by one substrate lattice constant per ac drive cycle. The translating state appears in the dimer and trimer arrangements, and produces pronounced peaks in the diffusivity in the direction perpendicular to the external drive. For larger ac amplitudes, we find chaotic irreversible motion in which the skyrmions can randomly exchange places with each other over time, producing long-time diffusive behavior both parallel and perpendicular to the ac driving direction.
Attosecond emission delay from atoms and molecules using multi-dimensional XUV interferometry
Authors: Wyatt Adam S , Lloyd David T , Chapman Richard T , Thornton Christopher , Majchrzak Paulina , Jones Alfred J H , Springate Emma , O’Keeffe Kevin
Published: November 2024

Multi-dimensional interferometry of high harmonic generation is demonstrated using an inline Gouy interferometer. The rich data sets acquired with this technique, coupled with its inherent stability, enable robust phase analysis to be performed, allowing the delay in harmonic emission from a range of atomic and molecular gases to be measured relative to harmonic emission from argon with single-digit attosecond precision. Delays of

−
78
±
6

 as,

−
25
±
6

 as,

30
±
3

 as and

60
±
3

 as relative to emission from argon were measured for Xe, Kr, CO2 and N2, respectively. The scheme can easily be incorporated in other high harmonic experiments, such as tomographic imaging of molecular orbitals, and provides an experimentally simple route towards probing ultrafast dynamics in molecular systems.
Noise assessment of cold atom interferometry gradiometry observations
Authors: Saberi AmirAbbas , Sharifi Mohammad Ali , Sarreshtedari Farrokh
Published: November 2024

Over the past few decades, the development of interferometric techniques utilizing cold atoms has significantly advanced, particularly in the realm of gravimetry. This paper explores the characterization of noise within atomic gradiometry systems, which is essential for enhancing measurement accuracy as new methodologies and tools are introduced. Specifically, we examine the noise components using advanced techniques such as least squares component estimation and Allan variance analysis. Applying these sophisticated methods to two distinct datasets, our results robustly indicate that white noise is the predominant and most resilient type of noise in gravity gradiometry measurements based on atomic interferometry, with variances of

σ

P
1

2

=
2.97
×

10

−
8

for dataset 1 and

σ

P
2

2

=
5.66
×

10

−
7

for dataset 2. The predominance of white noise simplifies the system dynamics and enhances the reliability of the estimation methods. Furthermore, our calculations yield an uncertainty in the gravity gradient resolution of σ
Γ1 = 0.13 E (where 1 E = 10−9 s−2) and σ
Γ2 = 3.55 E over time, underscoring the high precision achievable with current interferometric techniques.
Vehicle flow indication and identification using FBG sensors
Authors: Ankita Rani , Ghorai Swapan Kumar , Sengupta Somnath
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a vehicle flow monitoring system utilizing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor technology. The system comprises a prototype road model along with a car with varying loads. The FBG sensor is embedded in the road surface for sensing the strain induced by the vehicle movement. The laboratory experiments were conducted using an embankment model equipped with FBG sensor to identify vehicle movement under static and movable loads. Under static condition, different loads were applied on the car and the corresponding wavelength shifts have been measured using FBG-interrogator. Under dynamic condition, the vehicle was moved with certain speed and the corresponding wavelength shifts were recorded over time. The sensitivity of FBG for vehicle load sensing has been obtained as 0.3 pm/N. The proposed vehicle flow sensor system offers good accuracy and sensitivity and has potential applications for real-time vehicle flow monitoring. The proposed sensor system can be used to analyze road surface irregularities, crucial for assessing heavy-vehicle fatigue.
Derivation of a general and explicit equation for the force between identical cylindrical permanent magnets with the help of Wolfram|Alpha application
Authors: Khalifah Ardi , Murniati Riri , Abdullah Mikrajuddin
Published: November 2024

Until recently, there has been no single, explicit equation that explains how force between identical permanent magnets varies with distance over any distance. Typically, observation data is fitted using two curve segments: at large and small distances. In this work, we derive a general equation to determine the force between identical cylindrical permanent magnets at any distance with the help of the Wolfram|Alpha application to get the explicit form of an integral problem introduced by Vokoun et al (J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321 3758–63, 2009) that appears to have no analytical solution. The resulting equation accurately fits observational data and can be used to estimate the magnetization of permanent magnets.
Chaos-based coverage path planning framework for mobile robots and its digital signal processing implementation
Authors: Zhang Tianxian , Xing Haotian , Xu Xiangliang , Wang Ziwei , Zhao Yongqi
Published: November 2024

For special coverage path planning, chaos-based mobile robots present a promising solution. The robot can cover the area of interest rapidly with unpredictable trajectories. However, this unpredictability causes difficulties in trajectory control and the robot often makes sharp turns, affecting motion stability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a universal chaos-based path planning framework for mobile robots. Firstly, a chaotic system that can generate multi-scroll and multi-wing attractors is designed to verify the effectiveness of the framework. Secondly, an integrated system consisting of mobile robots and chaos is proposed to generate chaotic trajectories. By the control parameters in the integrated system, the formation mechanism of continuous chaotic trajectories is shown, which makes the chaotic trajectory have the advantages of scaling, rotating, straightening, and bending, and the path planning no longer relies on the chaotic system only. Then, a regional path planning strategy is proposed to control the angular velocity and workspace of the robot, making its motion smooth and reducing trajectory redundancy. Experiments conducted under this framework have demonstrated its university, with various chaotic systems capable of generating efficient robot trajectories with high coverage rate. Compared with the state-of-the-art similar memoryless algorithms, the coverage task can be accomplished quickly and efficiently by our approach. Finally, the robot trajectory tracking control verifies the controllability of chaotic trajectories, and the implementation of chaotic trajectories with digital signal processing techniques further validates the feasibility of path planning frameworks.
Investigation of heat absorption or release in an ideal gases system
Authors: Bai Kezhao , Huang Guiyuan , Zang Kaixi , Yang Li
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the heat transfer mechanisms (absorption or release of heat) in an ideal gas system are investigated. The thermodynamic process is described using a pressure-volume diagram, and the relationship between pressure and volume is expressed as a quadratic equation with one variable. The methods employed include graphical analysis and computational techniques. The graphical method involves incorporating adiabatic lines as auxiliary references, while the computational method utilizes both the ideal gas law and the first law of thermodynamics for evaluation.