bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNET GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION ON COVID-19: a descriptive benchmarking
Authors: Letouze Patrick , Souza Júnior José Itamar Mendes de Souza Júnior , Everton Bruna Laisy Castelo , Barbosa Gentil Veloso
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, information can be disseminated extremely quickly, whether it is validated information or not. With the emergence of COVID-19, governments and specialized health agencies have implemented web portals exclusively aimed at COVID-19, as a way of providing reliable information. This work aims to present a descriptive benchmarking of representative government portals on COVID-19, through an interdisciplinary research method. The results point to the general scenario of how some countries are providing information about COVID-19.
COMUNICAÇÃO DE GOVERNO NA INTERNET SOBRE O COVID-19: um benchmarking descritivo
Authors: Letouze Moreira Patrick , Mendes de Souza Júnior José Itamar , Castelo Everton Bruna Laisy , Veloso Barbosa Gentil
Published: October 2020

Nos dias atuais, uma informação pode ser disseminada de forma extremamente rápida, sendo ela uma informação validada ou não. Com o surgimento do COVID-19, governos e agências especializadas em saúde implementaram portais web exclusivamente voltados ao COVID-19, como forma de disponibilizar informações confiáveis. Este trabalho visa apresentar um benchmarking descritivo de portais governamentais representativos sobre o COVID-19, por meio de um método de pesquisa interdisciplinar. Os resultados apontam para o cenário geral de como alguns países estão disponibilizando informações sobre o COVID-19.
A CASA COMO ESTÚDIO: a mediação no telejornalismo durante a Pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Barbosa e
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho procurou refletir sobre as estratégias de comunicabilidade empregadas por uma emissora local de televisão, a TV Anhanguera, afiliada da Rede Globo no estado de Goiás, durante o período da Pandemia da Covid-19, no que tange ao exercício profissional dos apresentadores dos telejornais Bom Dia Goiás, Jornal Anhanguera 1ª edição e Jornal Anhanguera 2ª edição. A partir do acompanhamento dos três telejornais por um período de dois meses, foi feita a análise da mediação construída junto aos telespectadores diante da política de revezamento dos profissionais adotada pela emissora. Foi possível concluir que não houve destaque a um apresentador que representasse “a cara” de cada telejornal, mas o trabalho em home office acentuou a possibilidade de aproximação aos telespectadores por ressaltar a intimidade dos jornalistas por meio da exposição dos seus lares.
O IMPACTO DA COVID-19 NA NARRATIVA JORNALÍSTICA: a produção de conteúdo da Folha de S. Paulo
Authors: Salles Marilene Lemos Mattos , Campo Dall'Orto Felipe
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo busca destacar a importância do contexto social para a produção de informações na sociedade, sendo assim, é essencial perceber o impacto da Covid-19, na produção jornalística brasileira. Para tanto, faz uma análise comparativa entre as capas da Folha de S. Paulo de abril de 2019 e abril de 2020, para compreender como o cotidiano tem pautado o jornalismo e, debater sobre uma nova ordem de mediação que envolve os diversos atores da comunicação, interferindo na construção de sentidos, que vai da produção de conteúdo à apropriação da informação.
A Note on the Local Stability Theory for Caputo Fractional Planar System
Authors: Hoti Marvin
Published: October 2020

In this manuscript a new approach into analyzing the local stability of equilibrium points of non-linear Caputo fractional planar systems is shown. It is shown that the equilibrium points of such systems can be a stable focus or unstable focus. In addition, it is proposed that previous results regarding the stability of equilibrium points have been incorrect, the results here attempt to correct such results. Lastly, it is proposed that a Caputo fractional planar system cannot undergo a Hopf bifurcation, contrary to previous results prior. Though, it is shown that such systems can undergo a Hopf bifurcation (topologically).
Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Abdullah D , Alouffi Abdulazi S , Alyousif Mohamed S , Rahi Abdulsadah A , Ali Magda A , Abdullah Hend H.A.M. , Brayner Fabio A , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Otranto Domenico
Published: October 2020

Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qaseem (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qaseem by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.
Aspects of the development of Ixodes anatis under different environmental conditions in the laboratory and in the field 
Authors: Bansal Natasha , Pomroy William , Heath Allen C , Castro Isabel
Published: October 2020

BackgroundNumerous laboratory and fewer field-based studies have found that ixodid ticks develop more quickly and survive better at temperatures between 18 and 26°C and relative humidity between 75% and 94%. Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904, is an endophilic, nidicolous species endemic to North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli, NIBK) and the tokoeka (Apteryx australis) and little is known about the environmental conditions required for its development. Our aims in this study were to determine and compare the conditions of temperature and RH that ensured the best survival, and the shortest interstadial periods for the kiwi tick, in the laboratory and outdoors inside artificial kiwi burrows.MethodsWe collected free walking engorged ticks off wild kiwi hosts and placed them in the laboratory at various fixed temperature and humidity regimes. We also placed sets of different stages of these ticks in artificial kiwi burrows and in both cases, recorded the times taken for the ticks to moult to the next stage.ResultsWe found that larvae and nymphs both showed optimum development between 10-20°C, which is lower than many other species of ixodid ticks. However, larvae moulted quicker and survived better when saturation deficits were <1-2 mmHg (RH>94%) while for nymphs the optimum saturation deficits were 1-10 mmHg.ConclusionsWe believe that the kiwi tick has adapted to stable, but relatively cool and humid conditions in the burrows reflecting the evolutionary consequences of its association with the kiwi.
The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese adolescents: An empirical study based on Gender perspective
Authors: Xin Moye , Yang Xueyan , Liu Kun , Böke Bilun Naz
Published: October 2020

Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents, then analyze the impact of Internet use frequency on these variables among adolescents of different genders.Methods: Based on the data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study.Results: Gender differences were found during different purposes of Internet use; There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; Internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories.Conclusions: There were gender differences in Internet use frequency among adolescents; Gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese adolescents was not statistically significant; Females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.
Comparative gene expression profiling of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with natural equine chorionic gonadotropin (N-eCG) and tethered recombinant-eCG (R-eCG)
Authors: Min kwan-sik , Park Jong-Ju , Lee So-Yun , Byambaragchaa Munkhzaya , Kang Myung-Hwa
Published: October 2020

Background: Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) induces super-ovulation in laboratory animals. Notwithstanding its extensive usage, limited information is available regarding the differences between the in vivo effects of natural eCG (N-eCG) and recombinant eCG (R-eCG). This study aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with N-eCG and R-eCG produced from CHO-suspension (CHO-S) cells. R-eCG gene was constructed and transfected into CHO-S cells and quantified. Subsequently, we determined the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of N-eCG and R-eCG up to 24 h after intravenous administration through the mice tail vein and identified differentially expressed genes in both ovarian tissues, via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: R-eCG was markedly expressed initially after transfection and maintained until recovery on day 9. Glycan chains were substantially modified in R-eCG protein produced from CHO-S cells and eliminated through PNGase F treatment. The MCR was higher for R-eCG than for N-eCG, and no significant difference was observed after 60 min. Notwithstanding their low concentrations, R-eCG and N-eCG were detected in the blood at 24h post-injection. Microarray analysis of ovarian tissue revealed that 20 of 12,816 genes assessed therein were significantly up-regulated and 43 genes were down-regulated by >2-fold in the group that received R-eCG (63 [0.49%] differentially regulated genes in total). The microarray results were concurrent with and hence validated by those of RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and IHC analyses. Conclusions: The present results indicate that R-eCG can be adequately produced through a cell-based expression system through post-translational modification of eCG and can induce ovulation in vivo. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the up- or down-regulation of specific ovarian genes and the production of R-eCG with enhanced biological activity in vivo.
Trends of caesarean section deliveries in Pakistan: Secondary data analysis from Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990-2018
Authors: Amjad Aaisha , Imran Abeeha , Shahram Nabeeha , Zakar Rubeena , Usman Ahmed , Zakar Muhammad Zakria , Fischer Florian
Published: October 2020

Background: Pakistan is among those countries where the number of caesarean section births has increased unusually in the past two decades. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to analyse the trend of caesarean section deliveries among child-bearing women (aged 15–49 years) in Pakistan and to identify maternal socio-demographic factors and pregnancy-related variables associated with the change in caesarean deliveries from 1990 to 2018.Methods: Secondary data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (1990–2018) were analysed. The analysis of data was confined to child-bearing mothers. Sample sizes were 4,029, 5,721, 7,461 and 8,287 for the time periods of 1990–91, 2006–07, 2012–13 and 2017–18, respectively. Socio-demographic information of the mothers and pregnancy-related variables were taken as independent variables for the present study. The association between independent variables and caesarean deliveries was measured in terms of unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR).Results: The percentages of the mothers who had at least one delivery during the five years prior to each survey who had caesarean deliveries increased continuously from 3.2 % in 1990–91 to 19.6 % in 2017–18. Results indicate that mothers over 24 years of age, located in Punjab, from the richest socio-economic class and living in urban areas were more likely to have delivered by caesarean section. Mothers with a first child in birth order and who had five and more children, as well as mothers who had more antenatal care visits and delivered babies in private hospitals showed a higher probability of caesarean section births.Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the gradual upsurge in the percentage of mothers delivering by caesarean section during the past two decades in Pakistan. Against this backdrop, some measures need to be taken by health departments to regulate the number of caesarean deliveries. Awareness among women about pregnancy complications and elaborated details by gynaecologists about the medically indicated reasons for caesarean delivery are a few important steps in Pakistan that can help in reducing caesarean deliveries which are not medically indicated.
Distribution of sources of household air pollution: a cross-sectional study in Cameroon
Authors: Baame Esong Miranda , Goura André Pascal , Mbatchou Bertrand Hugo Ngahane , Walage Berenice , Simo Herman Styve Yomi , Medjou Romarique Mboumo , Sonkoue Martial Pianta , Djouda Cyrielle Douanla , Ngnewa Rose Suzie Fowoh , Guiagain Milaine Sandra Teugueu , Agokeng Brice-Donald Kemnang , Homla Olivia Tania Megaptche , Pope Dan , Ateudjieu Jerome
Published: October 2020

Background: Household air pollution (HAP) is a recognised risk factor for many diseases, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular/circulatory disorders, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cataracts. Population exposure to biomass fuels, including wood, varies among countries and from one fuel source to the other. This study aimed to investigate the different sources of HAP in peri-urban and rural communities in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of households from the Dschang Health District (DHD) region. This included 848 homes in which a range of fuels for cooking including biomass (firewood, charcoal, sawdust), kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were used both indoors and outdoors. Results: Of the study households, 651 (77%) reported exclusive use of firewood and 141 (17%) reported using more than one source of fuel. Exclusive use of firewood was greater in rural communities (94%) than in peri-urban communities (38%). In peri-urban communites, use of multiple fuels including LPG, wood, sawdust and kerosene, was more common (44.75%). A total of 25.03% of households in both peri-urban and rural communities reported using bottled gas (or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. Motivations for choice of fuel included, price, availability (easy access), rapidity, tradition or culture related factorsConclusion: Wood is the main cooking fuel in both peri-urban and rural communities in the Dschang Health District. Work to help households (especially those who are resource poor) to adopt LPG equipment for cooking, and use in a more exclusive way is required.
Recruitment And Retention Of Participants From Socioeconomically Deprived Communities: Lessons From The Awareness And Beliefs About Cancer (ABACus3) Randomised Controlled Trial.
Authors: Kolovou Vasiliki , Moriarty Yvonne , Gilbert Stephanie , Quinn-Scoggins Harriet , Townson Julia , Padgett Louise , Owen Sioned , Buckle Peter , Edwards Adrian , Hepburn Julie , Lau Mandy , Matthews Maura , Mitchell Caroline , Neal Richard , Playle Rebecca , Robling Michael , Smits Stephanie , Trubey Robert , Wood Fiona , Brain Kate
Published: October 2020

Background: Recruitment of research participants poses challenges in socioeconomically deprived areas. The Awareness and Beliefs About Cancer (ABACus) phase 3 Randomised Control Trial recruited adult participants from socioeconomically deprived areas using a combined healthcare/community engagement model. We report the strategies used to successfully recruit and retain our trial participant sample.Methods: Community and healthcare settings in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation were identified by lay advisors who recruited participants opportunistically or by appointment. Follow-up was done by telephone or post at 2-weeks and 6-months after recruitment, and all participants were offered financial incentives. Qualitative interviews were conducted with lay advisors regarding their experience and reflections.Results: The lay advisors identified and contacted 107 potential recruitment venues across South and West Yorkshire and South East Wales of which 41.1% (n= 42) were opened for recruitment. A total of 234 participants were recruited, with 91% (n= 212) retention at 2-weeks and 85% (n= 199) at 6-months. Community settings yielded 75% (n= 176) of participants. Participants had a mean age of 61.3 years and 63.3% (n= 148) were female, with 66% (n= 154) resident in the most deprived geographical areas. Lay advisors described recruitment as intensive, although engaging participants was easier in community settings.Conclusions: The ABACus3 trial achieved recruitment and high retention with a population that is often “hard to reach” or entirely missed in health research. Strategies were specifically tailored to engage the venues and adult residents of highly deprived areas. Future studies recruiting adults living in the most deprived areas might benefit from community recruitment and from collaborating with local gatekeepers who are key to engagement.This study adheres to CONSORT guidelines.Trial RegistrationRetrospectively registered with ISRCTN (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16872545) on 12.01.2018.
Disruption of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II may affect haem metabolism in the blood stage
Authors: Yang Yingchao , Tang Tongke , Feng Bo , Li Shanshan , Hou Nan , Ma Xiao , Jiang Lubin , Xin Xiaofang , Chen Qijun
Published: October 2020

Background. Haem is a key metabolic factor in the life cycle of the malaria parasite. In the blood stage, the parasite acquires host haemoglobin to generate amino acids for protein synthesis and the by-product haem for metabolic use. The malaria parasite can also synthesize haem de novo by itself. Plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) has a haem-binding site to mediate the formation of haemozoin, a biocrystallized form of haem aggregates. Notably, the gene regulates the mechanism of haemoglobin-derived haem metabolism and the de novo haem biosynthetic pathway in the Pfhrp2-disrupted parasite line during the intraerythrocytic stages. Methods. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the gene locus of Pfhrp2. DNA was extracted from the transgenic parasite, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blotting and Western blotting were used to confirm the establishment of transgenic parasites. RNA-Seq and comparative transcriptome analysis were performed to identify differences in gene expression between 3D7 and Pfhrp2- 3D7 parasites.Results. Pfhrp2- transgenic parasites were successfully established by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. A total of 964, 1261, 3138, 1064, 2512, and 1778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the six comparison groups, and a total of 373, 520, 1499, 353, 1253, and 742 of the DEGs were upregulated, and 591, 741, 1639, 711, 1259, and 1036 of the DEGs were downregulated, respectively. Five DEGs related to haem metabolism and synthesis were identified in the comparison groups of six time points (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 h after merozoite invasion). The genes encoding ALAS and FC, related to haem biosynthesis, were found to be significantly upregulated in the comparison groups, and the HO, SPP, and PBGD genes were found to be significantly downregulated. No GO terms were significantly enriched in haem-related processes (Q value=1).Conclusion: In this study, our findings revealed changes in the transcriptome expression profile of the Pfhrp2-3D7 parasite during the intraerythrocytic stages. The results suggested that disruption of Pfhrp2 alters the parasite’s haem metabolic and biosynthesis pathways at the gene transcript level. A cooperative mechanism exists between the haem biosynthesis and metabolic pathways for parasite growth and survival in the blood stage. It is difficult to treat malaria patients by inhibiting only one pathway with traditional antimalarial drugs. The above findings provide insight at the gene transcript level for further research and development of anti-malaria drugs.
Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis.
Authors: Grisez Christelle , Bottari Leslie , Prévot Françoise , Alzieu Jean-Pierre , Liénard Emmanuel , Corbière Fabien , Rameil Marie , Desclaux Xavier , Lacz Christophe , Boulon Christian , Petermann Julie , Mével Jeanne Le , Vilardell Carine , Jacquiet Philippe
Published: October 2020

Background: Bovine besnoitiosis, an emerging disease in Europe that can be transmitted by vectors, is caused by the apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti. Bovine besnoitiosis is difficult to control due to the complexity of its diagnosis in the acute stage of the disease, poor treatment success and chronically asymptomatic cattle acting as parasite reservoirs. When serological prevalence is low, detection and specific culling of seropositive cattle is feasible; however, economic considerations preclude this approach when serological prevalence is high. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of detection of super-spreaders in highly infected herds and to test their selective elimination as a new control strategy for bovine besnoitiosis. Methods: Previous real-time PCR analyses performed on skin tissues from 160 asymptomatic animals sampled at slaughterhouses showed that the tail base was the best location to evaluate the dermal parasite DNA load. All seropositive animals (n = 518) from eight dairy or beef cattle farms facing a high serological prevalence of besnoitiosis were sampled at the tail base and their skin sample analysed by real-time PCR. A recommendation of rapid and selective culling of super-spreaders was formulated and provided to the cattle breeders. Subsequent serological monitoring of naïve animals was used to evaluate the interest of this control strategy over time.Results: Among the 518 seropositive animals, a low proportion of individuals (14.5%) showed Cq values below 36, 17.8% had doubtful results (36 < Cq ≤ 40) and 67.8% had negative PCR results. These proportions were grossly similar on the eight farms, regardless of their production type (beef or dairy cattle), size, geographical location or history of besnoitiosis. Within two weeks of the biopsy, the rapid culling of super-spreaders was implemented on only three farms. The numbers of newly infected animals were lower on these farms compared to those where super-spreaders were maintained in the herd. Conclusions: Real-time PCR analyses performed on skin biopsies of seropositive cattle showed huge individual variabilities in parasite DNA load. The rapid culling of individuals considered as super-spreaders seems to be a new and encouraging strategy for bovine besnoitiosis control.
Association of PICK1 and BDNF variations with increased risk of methamphetamine dependence among Iranian population; a case-control study
Authors: Tajbakhsh Amir , Alimardani Maliheh , Asghari Mahla , Abedini Soheila , Khadem Sohrab Saghafi , Bajestani Abolfazl Nesaei , Alipoor Forough , Alidoust Maryam , Savardashtaki Amir , Hashemian Peyman , Pasdar Alireza
Published: October 2020

Background: Genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to methamphetamine dependency. In this line, protein that interact with C-kinase-1 (PICK1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes are linked to methamphetamine dependence (substance use disorder). Thus, in a case-control study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms of PICK1 and BDNF genes and methamphetamine dependence in an Iranian population.Methods: Total of 235 cases and 204 controls were recruited in a period between 2015 to 2018. The PICK1-rs713729, -rs2076369 and BDNF-rs6265 genotypes were determined via ARMS-PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed, using SPSS 20.0, PHASE 2.1.1 program as well as SNP Analyzer 2.0.Results: In the present study, two polymorphisms including PICK1-rs713729 (OR: 1.38 (CI: 1.08-1.52; P-value: 0.004) in multiplicative and dominant models, and PICK1-rs2076369 (OR: 1.31 (CI: 1.10-1.56; P-value: 0.002) in multiplicative, dominant and co-dominant models were associated with the risk of methamphetamine abuse. Moreover, haplotype analysis showed a significant association of haplotype AG (OR: 2.50 (CI: 1.50-4.16; P-value: 0.0002) in dominant, recessive and co-dominant models, and haplotype TT (OR: 0.67 (CI: 0.50-0.91; P-value: 0.009) in dominant and co-dominant models with the risk of methamphetamine abuse. None of the polymorphisms in this study had a high level of linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the PICK1 gene polymorphism might affect the risk of methamphetamine dependency in our population.
Mutation Analysis of GARS and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in CMT2D/HMN5A in Chinese Patients
Authors: Sun Bo , He Zhengqing , Li Yanran , Wang Hongfen , Yang Fei , Cui Fang , Huang Xu-Sheng
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCMT2D is a rare subtype of axonal CMT, caused by a variant of the glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene which is also a disease-causing gene of distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) or hereditary motor neuropathy 5A (HMN5A). There were only several cases reported in China, all lacking an epidemiological study of CMT2D/ HMN5A.Methods206 patients of Chinese Han descent, clinically diagnosed with inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN), were recruited in this study from December 20, 2012 to July 31, 2019. All patients underwent a detailed medical history screening, a neurological examination, a laboratory examination, several electrophysiological studies, and genetic testing.ResultsA total of 206 unrelated patients underwent genetic analysis. Four variants of GARS from four different families were found, including c.794C > T (p.S265F), c.374A > G (p.E125G), c.1000A > T (p.I334F), and c.781T > G (p.Y261D), with the first three being considered pathogenic. For the three pathogenic variant carriers, one was diagnosed with CMT2D, while the two others were diagnosed with HMN5A.ConclusionGARS mutation is a rare outcome of inherited peripheral neuropathy and the phenotype tends to be CMT2D or HMN5A.
ChemSpectra: A web-based spectra editor for analytical data
Authors: Huang Yu-Chieh , Tremouilhac Pierre , Nguyen An , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan
Published: October 2020

ChemSpectra, a web-based software to visualize and analyze spectroscopic data, integrating solutions for IR (infrared spectroscopy), MS (mass spectrometry), and one-dimensional 1 H and 13 C NMR (proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, is described. ChemSpectra serves as web-based tool for the analysis of the most often used types of one-dimensional spectroscopic data in synthetic (organic) chemistry research. It was developed to support in particular processes for the use of open file formats which enable the work according to the FAIR data principles. The software can deal with the open file formats JCAMP-DX (IR, MS, NMR) and mzML (MS) proposing these data file types to gain interoperable data. ChemSpectra can be extended to read also other formats as exemplified by selected proprietary mass spectrometry data files of type RAW and NMR spectra files of type FID. The JavaScript-based editor can be integrated with other software, as demonstrated by integration into the Chemotion electronic lab notebook (ELN) and Chemotion repository, demonstrating the implementation into a digital work environment that offers additional functionality and sustainable research data management options. ChemSpectra supports different functions for working with spectroscopic data such as zoom functions, peak picking and automatic peak detection according to a default or manually defined threshold. NMR specific functions include the definition of a reference signal, the integration of signals, coupling constant calculation and multiplicity assignment. Embedded into a web application such as an ELN or a repository, the editor can also be used to generate an association of spectra to a sample and a file management. The file management supports the storage of the original spectra along with the last edited version and an automatically generated image of the spectra in png format. To maximize the benefit of the spectra editor for e.g. ELN users, an automated procedure for the transfer of the detected or manually chosen signals to the ELN was implemented. ChemSpectra is released under the AGPL license to encourage its re-use and further developments by the community.
Use of the ankle-brachial index combined with the percentage of mean arterial pressure at the ankle to improve prediction of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An observational study
Authors: Li Yu-Hsuan , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Lee I-Te
Published: October 2020

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the lower extremities is a common complication of type 2 diabetes and has been shown to be associated with mortality. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple noninvasive method to screen PAD, but this method has limited sensitivity. We hypothesized that using the percentage of mean arterial pressure (%MAP) in combination with the ABI would improve the prediction of mortality.Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with type 2 diabetes who had undergone ABI and %MAP measurements at our hospital. We separated the cohort into four groups according to their ABI and %MAP values, and we examined whether these indices were associated with mortality.Results: A total of 5569 patients (mean age, 65 ± 11 years) were enrolled. During the follow-up period (median, 22.9 months), 266 (4.8%) of the enrolled patients died. The combination of ABI and %MAP was significantly more effective than ABI alone for predicting mortality (C index of 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.57 to 0.65 vs. C index of 0.57, 95% CI of 0.53 to 0.62; P = 0.038). In multivariate analysis (with a reference group defined by ABI >0.90 and %MAP ≤45%), the highest risk of mortality was seen in patients with ABI ≤0.90 and %MAP >45% (hazard ratio = 2.045 [95% CI: 1.420, 2.945], P < 0.001).Conclusions: The use of %MAP alongside ABI appears to significantly improve the prediction of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Complex foot deformities associated with lower limb deformities: a new therapeutic strategy for simultaneous correction using Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue release
Authors: Boquan Qin , Yi Ren , Tingjiang Gan , Xi Liu , Hui Zhang
Published: October 2020

Aim The aim of the current study is to introduce a new therapeutic strategy for simultaneous correction of complex foot deformities (CFD) and the associated lower limb deformities (LLD) by using Ilizarov technique with osteotomy and soft tissue procedure and to report its early clinical results.Methods A retrospective review of CFD associated with LLD simultaneous correction utilizing Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue balance from 2015 to 2019 was conducted.Results Thirty-two patients were followed for an average of 42.8 months. The mean external fixation time (EFT) was 6.5 months. The mean healing index (HI) was 1.7 months/cm. At the time of fixator removal, plantigrade feet were achieved in all patient and lower limb deformities were corrected. No recurrence of the deformities occurred. The mean LLRS AIM score was improved from 7.5 to 0.3. At the final follow-up, ASAMI-Paley score was graded as excellent in all limbs in the aspect of bone results, and functional results were defined as excellent in 29 (90.6%) limbs and good in 3 (9.4%) limbs. The mean Modified Dimeglio score was significantly improved from 7.2 to 1.3. No deep infection of the osteotomy site or nonunion was noted in the current study.Conclusion The therapeutic strategy by using Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue balance is a safe and effective way to simultaneously correct CFD and LLD.Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series
The Phlebotomus papatasi systemic transcriptional response to trypanosomatid-contaminated blood does not differ from the non-infected blood meal
Authors: Sloan Megan A. , Sadlova Jovana , Lestinova Tereza , Sanders Mandy J. , Cotton James A. , Volf Petr , Ligoxygakis Petros
Published: October 2020

Background Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, is a disease that effects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted to human and animal hosts through the bite of an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for disease control, require a better understanding of the key step for transmission namely, the establishment of infection inside the fly. Methods In this work we wanted to identify fly systemic transcriptomic signatures associated with Leishmania infection. We used next generation sequencing to describe the transcriptome of whole Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies when fed with blood alone (control) or with blood containing one of three trypanosomatids: Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani and Herpetomonas muscarum: a parasite not transmitted to humans. Results Of these, only L. major is able to successfully establish an infection in P. papatasi. However, the transcriptional signatures observed after each parasite-contaminated blood meal were not specific to success or failure of a specific infection and were not different from each other. They were also indistinguishable from non-contaminated blood. Conclusions This implies that sand flies perceive Leishmania as just one feature of their microbiome landscape and that any strategy to tackle transmission should focus on the response towards the blood meal rather than parasite establishment. Alternatively, Leishmania could suppress host responses. These results will generate new thinking around the concept of stopping transmission by controlling the parasite inside the insect.
Structure-based discovery of potential inhibitors targeting sodium-bile acid co-transporter of carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis
Authors: Yoo Won Gi , Dai Fuhong , Pak Jhang Ho , Hong Sung-Jong
Published: October 2020

Background: Clonorchis sinensis requires bile acid transporters as this fluke inhabits bile juice-filled biliary ducts, which provide an extreme environment. C. sinensis sodium-bile acid co-transporter (CsSBAT) is indispensable for survival in the final host, as it circulates taurocholate and prevents bile toxicity in the fluke; hence, it is recognized as a useful drug target.Results: In the present study, using structure-based drug discovery approach, we presented inhibitor candidates targeting a bile acid-binding pocket of CsSBAT. CsSBAT models were built using comparative tertiary structure modeling based on a bile acid transporter template (PDB ID: 3zuy and 4n7x), and were applied into AutoDock Vina for competitive docking simulation. First, potential compounds were identified from PubChem (holding more than 100,000 compounds) by applying three criteria: i) interacting more favorably with CsSBAT than with a human homolog, ii) intimate interaction to the inward- and outward-facing conformational states, iii) binding with CsSBAT more preferably than natural bile acids. Second, two compounds were identified following Lipinski’s rule of five. Third, another two compounds of molecular weight higher than 500 Da (Mr > 500 Da) were presumed to efficiently block the transporter via a feasible rational screening strategy. These four inhibitor candidates exhibited least toxicity that may enhance drug-likeness properties.Conclusion: It is proposed that four compounds act as potential inhibitors toward CsSBAT, and further studies are warranted for drug development process against clonorchiasis.
Frailty, delirium and hospital mortality of older adults admitted to intensive care: the Delirium (Deli) in ICU study.
Authors: Sanchez David , Brennan Kathleen , Safye Masar El , Shunker Sharon-Ann , Bogdanoski Tony , Hedges Sonja , Hou Yu Chin , Lynch Joan M , Hunt Leanne , Alexandrou Evan , Saxena Manoj , Abel Simon , Lakshmanan Ramanathan , Bhonagiri Deepak , Parr Michael J. , Aneman Anders , Chroinin Danielle Ni , Hillman Kenneth M. , Frost Steven Alfred
Published: October 2020

Background: Clinical frailty among older adults admitted to intensive care has been proposed as an important determinant of patient outcomes. Among this group of patients an acute episode of delirium is also common, but its relationship to frailty and increased risk of mortality has not been extensively explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between clinical frailty, delirium and hospital mortality of older adults admitted to intensive care.Methods: This study is part of a Delirium in Intensive Care (Deli) study. During the initial 6-month baseline period, clinical frailty status on admission to intensive care, among adults aged 50-years or more, acute episodes of delirium, and the outcomes of intensive care and hospital stay were explored.Results: During the 6-month baseline period 997 patients, aged 50-years or more, were included in this study. The average age was 71-years (IQR, 63-79), 55% were male (n = 537). Among these patients 39.2% (95% CI 36.1 – 42.3%, n = 396) had a Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) of 5 or more, and 13.0% (n=127) had at least one acute episode of delirium. Frail patients were at greater risk of an episode of delirium (17% versus 10%, adjusted Rate Ratio (adjRR) = 1.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.20 – 2.43, p = 0.003), had a longer hospital stay (2.6 days, 95% CI 1-7 days, p = 0.009), and higher risk of hospital mortality (19% versus 7%, adjRR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.72 – 3.75, p < 0.001), when compared to non-frail patients. Patients who were frail and experienced an acute episode of delirium in the intensive care had a 35% rate of hospital mortality, versus 10% among non-frail patients who also experienced delirium in the ICU.Conclusion: Frailty and delirium significantly increase the risk of hospital mortality. Therefore, it important to identify patients who are frail and institute measures to reduce the risk of adverse events in the ICU such as delirium. And, importantly to discuss these issues in an open and empathetic way with the patient and their families.
Down-regulated RPS-30 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis L5 plays a defensive role against damage due to oxidative stress
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Yan Xiumei , Shi Qing , Zhang Yuanjiao , Huang Junting , Huang Huicong , Shi Hongfei , Yan Baolong
Published: October 2020

Background: Eosinophilic meningitis, caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis L5, is mainly attributed to the Eosinophils, which contribute to tissue inflammatory responses in helminthic infections. Eosinophils are associated with helminthic killing, using the peroxidative oxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by dismutation of superoxide produced during respiratory burst. In contrast, residing in the host with high level of eosinophils, helminthic worms have evolved to attenuate eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammatory responses for their survival in hosts. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of Acan-rps-30 was significantly down-regulated in A. cantonensis L5 worms, which reside in the cerebrospinal fluid with high level of Eosinophils. Acan-RPS-30, a homologous protein of human Fau, which plays a pro-apoptotic regulatory role, may function in protecting worms from oxidative stress.Methods: RACE, genome Walking, bioinformatics were used to isolate and analyse the structural characterisation of Acan-RPS-30; qRT-PCR and microinjection was performed to detect the expression patterns of Acan-rps-30; feeding RNAi was used to ced-3 knock-down; microinjection was performed to construct transgenic worms; oxidative stress assay was used to determine the functions of Acan-RPS-30.Results: Our results showed that Acan-RPS-30 consisted of 130 amino acids, and was grouped into Clade V with C. elegans in phylogenetic analysis. It was expressed ubiquitously in worms and was down-regulated in both L5 and adult A. cantonensis. Worms expressing pCe-rps30::Acan-rps-30::rfp, with the refractile “button-like” apoptotic corpses, were susceptible to oxidative stress. Apoptosis genes ced-3 and ced-4 were both up-regulated in the transgenic worms. And the phenotype susceptible to oxidative stress could be converted with ced-3 defective mutation and RNAi. rps-30- /- mutant worms were resistant to oxidative stress, with ced-3 and ced-4 were both down-regulated. And the oxidative stress resistance phenotype could be rescued and inhibited by expressing pCe-rps30::Acan-rps-30::rfp in rps-30- /- mutant worms. Conclusion: In C. elegans worms, down-regulated RPS-30 plays a defensive role against damage due to oxidative stress for worm survival by regulating ced-3 down-regulated. And this might indicate the mechanism of A. cantonensis L5 worms, with Acan-RPS-30 down-regulated, surviving in the central nervous system of human from immune attack of Eosinophil.
Framework Development for ICT-Health Policy Formulation and Implementation
Authors: Baridam Barilee Barisi , Govender Irene
Published: October 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Comparison of Remifentanil Concentrations with and without Dexmedetomidine for the Prevention of Emergence Cough after Nasal Surgery: A Randomized Double Blinded Trial
Authors: Kim Ha Yeon , Kwak Hyun Jeong , Lee Dongchul , Lee Ji Hyea , Min Sang Kee , Kim Jong-Yeop
Published: October 2020

Background: After nasal surgery, preventing emergence cough is critical. Emergence cough can provoke immediate postoperative bleeding, which leads to upper airway obstruction. In the present study, we compared the effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil for preventing emergence cough after propofol anesthesia when remifentanil was or was not combined with dexmedetomidine after nasal surgery.Methods: Forty-seven patients who underwent nasal surgery with propofol-remifentanil anesthesia were randomly divided into a dexmedetomidine group (Group D, n=23) or a saline group (Group S, n=24). Group D and Group S were infused dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) or saline for 10 min before the completion of surgery. Remifentanil was infused a predetermined Ce until extubation. Remifentanil Ce for the prevention of cough in 50% of patients (EC50) and 95% of patients (EC95) was estimated using modified Dixon's up-and-down method and isotonic regression. Hemodynamic and recovery parameters were observed.Results: The EC50 of remifentanil Ce in Group D was significantly lower than that in Group S (2.15 ± 0.40 ng/mL vs. 2.66 ± 0.36 ng/mL, p = 0.023). The EC95 (95% CI) of remifentanil Ce was also significantly lower in Group D [2.75 (2.67-2.78) ng/mL] than in Group S [3.16 (3.06-3.18) ng/mL]. Emergence and recovery parameters were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: The remifentanil EC50 for the prevention of cough after propofol-remifentanil anesthesia was significantly lower (approximately 19%) when a combination of remifentanil and 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was used than when remifentanil infusion alone was used in patients undergoing nasal surgery. Therefore, the Ce of remifentanil may be adjusted for the prevention of emergence cough when used in combination with dexmedetomidine.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03622502, Registered August 9, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov
Molecular Characterization of a Variant Subgroup GII-a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain in China
Authors: Tian Zhige , Lian Yuexiao , Hu Xiaoliang , Shi Yue , Cong Feng
Published: October 2020

Background: Since 2010, variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has emerged in several provinces of China. The variant strain causes high mortality of newborn piglets, which has resulted in severe economic losses to the pork breeding industry.Results: A variant PEDV strain, SC-YB73, was isolated and identified in China. Pathological observation showed atrophy of villi and edema in the lamina propria. Sequence analysis indicated that six nucleotides were inserted in the E gene, which was first detected in PEDV strains. Furthermore, fifty nucleotide sites were unique in SC-YB73, when compared with another 28 PEDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome showed that SC-YB73 was clustered in the variant subgroup GII-a, which is widely prevalent in the pig population in China. Recombination analysis suggested that SC-YB73 originated from the recombination of GDS47, TW/Yunlin550/2018, and COL/Cundinamarca/2014.Conclusion: The present study involved the isolation and genetic characterization of a variant PEDV strain. It will provide essential information for the control of PED outbreaks in China.
Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Expression Provides Insights into Adaptation to Hypoxia in Tibetan Sheep
Authors: Liu Jianbin , Yuan Chao , Lu Zengkui , Zhuoga Deqing , Guo Tingting , Zhang Jianbo , Zhang Dan , Zhuoma Zhaxi , Zhang Hao , Yang Bohui
Published: October 2020

Background: Tibetan sheep have lived on the Tibetan Plateau for thousands of years and they have a good adaptability to the hypoxic environment and strong disease resistance. However, the molecular mechanism of the Tibetan sheep adapting to this extreme environment, especially the role of genetic regulation is still unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of a diverse range of biological processes. To explore the potential lncRNAs involved in Tibetan sheep adapting to high altitude hypoxia environment, we analyzed the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in liver and lung tissue of sheep based on the comparative transcriptome analysis between four Tibetan sheep populations (high altitude) and Hu sheep (low altitude). Results: A total of 7848 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs transcripts and 22971 DE mRNAs transcripts were detected by pairwise comparison. The expression patterns of selected mRNAs and lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR and the results correlated well with the transcriptome data. Moreover, the functional annotation analysis based on the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases showed that DE mRNAs and the target genes of the lncRNAs were significantly enriched in organ morphogenesis, response to stimulus, heme binding, immune system, arginine and proline metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The prediction of mRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks further revealed transcripts potentially involved in adaptation to high altitude hypoxia, the hub genes that DDX24, PDCD11, EIF4A3, NDUFA11, SART1, PRPF8 and TCONS_00306477, TCONS_00306029, TCONS_00139593, TCONS_00293272, TCONS_00313398 were selected. Additionally, a set of target genes, PIK3R1, IGF1R, FZD6, IFNB2, ATF3, MB, CYP2B4, PSMD13, and TGFB1 were also identified as candidate genes associated with high altitude hypoxia adaptation. Conclusions: A collection of aberrantly expressed lncRNA, a set of target genes and biological pathways known to be relevant for altitude adaptation were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis between Tibetan sheep and Hu sheep. Our results first identified the characterization and expression profile of lncRNAs between Tibetan sheep and Hu sheep and provides insights into the genetic regulation mechanisms for Tibetan sheep adaptation to high altitude hypoxia environments.