bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of Educational and Training Interventions on Parkinson’s Disease for Staff in Care Home Settings
Authors: Finlay Stacey , Anderson Tara , Henderson Elizabeth , Wilson Christine Brown , Stark Patrick , Carter Gillian , Rodger Matthew , Doumas Mihalis , O’Shea Emma , Creighton Laura , Craig Stephanie , Crooks Sophie , Gillis Arnelle , Mitchell Gary
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that presents significant challenges for care home residents and staff. This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on PD education and training available to care home staff, examine existing programs and their effectiveness, and identify gaps in current educational approaches. Methods: A scoping review (ScR) was conducted and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for ScR (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases was conducted in September 2024. Studies focusing on PD education and training for care home staff were included. Data extraction and quality appraisal were performed, followed by thematic analysis to identify key patterns and themes. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The thematic analysis revealed four main themes: improvements in PD knowledge and confidence, improvements in care practices and outcomes, the need for increased specialist education, and the incorporation of communication training. Educational interventions led to significant improvements in staff knowledge, confidence, and care practices. However, these studies also highlighted a critical need for more specialized PD training among care home staff. Conclusions: This review provides evidence of promise regarding the potential impact of PD-specific education on care home staff knowledge and practices. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating comprehensive, tailored educational programs to enhance the quality of care for people with PD in care home settings.
Divergent Effects of Circoviridae Capsid Proteins on Type I Interferon Signaling
Authors: Kosaka Anon H. , Huang Chen-Yu , Lu Zih-Ying , Hsing Hua-Zhen , Choonnasard Amonrat , Ringo Rissar Siringo , Chuang Kuo Pin , Saito Akatsuki
Published: January 2025

Viruses in the Circoviridae family can infect mammals and birds. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) significantly affects the livestock industry by causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases, such as postweaning multisystem wasting syndrome, respiratory disease complex, and dermatitis nephropathy syndrome. Additionally, beak and feather disease virus in parrots, canine circovirus in dogs, and columbid circovirus (pigeon circovirus) in racing pigeons induce immunosuppression, followed by secondary infections in these hosts. Although the PCV2 capsid protein has been demonstrated to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) signaling, the molecular mechanisms of Circoviridae-induced immunosuppression are largely unknown. In this study, we examined whether these functions are conserved across Circoviridae capsid proteins. Our results illustrated that although the nuclear localization of capsid proteins is conserved, their effects on IFN-β signaling vary by species, revealing the diverse roles of Circoviridae capsid proteins in modulating immune responses.
Etodolac Single Dose Metabolic Profile Elucidation: Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Events in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Sánchez-Luquez Karen , Reis Silveira Anne Michelli , Sánchez-Vinces Salvador , Rosini Silva Alex Ap. , Barreto Joyce , Lemos de Brito Rhubia Bethania Socorro , Garcia Caroline de Moura , Vieira Ana Lais , Antonio Marcia Ap. , de Oliveira Carvalho Patrícia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the metabolic profile of a single dose of etodolac in healthy volunteers, focusing on pharmacokinetics, clinical parameters, and metabolomic variations to identify biomarkers and pathways linked to drug response, efficacy, and safety. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers, enrolled after rigorous health assessments, received a single dose of etodolac (Flancox® 500 mg). Pharmacokinetic profiles were determined using tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and the metabolomic profiling was conducted using baseline samples (pre-dose) and samples at maximum drug concentration (post-dose) via liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Network analysis was employed to interpret the data. Results: Correlations were observed between metabolomic profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters as well as clinical characteristics. Notably, metabolites derived from arachidonic acid, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, were linked to etodolac’s pharmacokinetics. Other metabolites involved in pathways like cholesterol biosynthesis, bile salts, riboflavin, and retinoic acid signaling were correlated with hematological and liver function parameters. These findings are consistent with the infrequent adverse events reported by participants, including hematological and biochemical changes in liver function. Conclusions: A set of metabolites was identified in possible associations between specific pathways and unusual side effects, comparing the metabolic profiles before and after doses of etodolac. Our results highlight the importance of optimizing drug therapy and minimizing adverse events by taking into account individual metabolic profile information.
Therapeutic Potential of Lappula patula Extracts on Germline Development and DNA Damage Responses in C. elegans
Authors: Meng Qinghao , Hu Anna , Xiao Weiyu , Borris Robert P. , Kim Hyun-Min
Published: January 2025

Background: Lappula patula (L. patula) is a plant with known medicinal properties, and its extracts have shown promise as potential anti-cancer agents. This study aimed to evaluate the nematocidal effects of L. patula extracts and investigate their impact on germline development, DNA damage responses, and apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a model organism for studying these processes. Methods: C. elegans was exposed to L. patula extracts to assess survival, development, and incidence of male phenotype. Germline abnormalities were examined using microscopy at different developmental stages. The DNA damage response was evaluated through the expression of the atm-1, atl-1 and pCHK-1. Apoptosis was quantified by monitoring cell death during the pachytene stage. LC-MS was used to identify bioactive compounds within the extracts. Results: Exposure to L. patula extracts resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in worm survival and larval developmental progress, with no significant impact on the male incidence. Germline defects were observed, including increased nuclear spacing at premeiotic and pachytene stages, altered number of bivalents during diakinesis. These defects correlated with a significant decrease in brood size. Also, L. patula extracts activated the DNA damage response pathway, marked by increased expression of atm-1 and atl-1. Moreover, the extracts induced apoptosis in the germline in a pCHK-1-independent manner. LC-MS analysis revealed 31 potential anti-tumor compounds, supporting the extract’s cytotoxic properties. Conclusions: Lappula patula extracts exhibit potent nematocidal and cytotoxic properties, suggesting their potential for cancer therapy. The observed DNA damage and apoptosis in C. elegans emphasize the extract’s promising role in anti-cancer drug development. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of these compounds in clinical settings.
Silybin Cocrystals with Improved Solubility and Bioavailability
Authors: Zhu Bingqing , Ding Zhenfeng , Rong Xiaoyi , Li Shengqiang , Mei Xuefeng
Published: January 2025

Backgroud/Objectives: Silymarin, an extract from milk thistle, is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential in treating liver disorders. However, its clinical utility is limited by the poor solubility and low bioavailability of its key active ingredient, Silybin. In this study, we sought to address this issue through the development of a novel cocrystal of Silyin. Methods: Silybin-L-proline cocrystal was synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the cocrystal were characterized by PXRD, TGA, DSC, and FTIR. Dissolution tests were conducted in various pH solutions, and the impact of precipitation inhibitors was evaluated. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic study in rats were performed to assess the bioavailability. Results: The dissolution studies demonstrated that the cocrystal has a significant improvement in dissolution performance, particularly in acidic environments. Furthermore, the use of precipitation inhibitors, such as PVP, prolonged the supersaturation period for adequate absorption. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that the cocrystal exhibited a 16-fold increase in bioavailability compared to the raw Silybin extract, outperforming the commercial Silybin–phosphatidylcholine complex. Conclusions: The Silybin–L-proline cocrystal significantly enhances dissolution and bioavailability, indicating its potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of Silybin in clinical applications.
Efficient and Rapid Microfluidics Production of Bio-Inspired Nanoparticles Derived from Bombyx mori Silkworm for Enhanced Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Mansor Muhamad Hawari , Gao Zijian , Howard Faith , MacInnes Jordan , Zhao Xiubo , Muthana Munitta
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: In the quest for sustainable and biocompatible materials, silk fibroin (SF), derived from natural silk, has emerged as a promising candidate for nanoparticle production. This study aimed to fabricate silk fibroin particles (SFPs) using a novel swirl mixer previously presented by our group, evaluating their characteristics and suitability for drug delivery applications, including magnetic nanoparticles and dual-drug encapsulation with curcumin (CUR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Methods: SFPs were fabricated via microfluidics-assisted desolvation using a swirl mixer, ensuring precise mixing kinetics. Comprehensive physicochemical characterisation, including size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and secondary structure analysis, was conducted. Further, CUR/5-FU-loaded magnetic core SFPs were assessed for cytotoxicity in vitro using breast cancer cell lines and for biodistribution and targeting efficiency in a murine breast cancer model. Results: The swirl mixer produced SFPs with sizes below 200 nm and uniform distributions (PDI < 0.20) with size stability for up to 30 days. Encapsulation efficiencies were 37% for CUR and 82% for 5-FU, with sustained drug release profiles showing 50% of CUR and 70% of 5-FU released over 72 h. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained cytotoxic effects, and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in breast cancer cell lines, with minimal toxicity in non-cancerous cells. Cellular uptake assays confirmed efficient drug delivery to the cytoplasm. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed increased tumour-specific drug accumulation with magnetic guidance. Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining indicated enhanced tumour necrosis in treated groups compared to controls. Conclusions: This study underscores the utility of the swirl mixer for efficient and scalable fabrication of bio-inspired SFPs, supporting their application in targeted cancer drug delivery. These findings align with and advance previous insights into the use of microfluidics and desolvation methods, paving the way for improved therapeutic strategies in breast cancer treatment.
Analysis of the Real-Time Phases of Adaptation Through the Lens of an Emergent Risk: Sargassum Adaptation Policy Analysis in the Caribbean
Authors: van der Plank Sien , Cumberbatch Janice , Thomas Bethia , Corbett Jack , Tompkins Emma L.
Published: January 2025

Since 2011, countries across the tropical Atlantic have experienced severe influxes of the seaweed species Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans (henceforth, “sargassum”), with nearshore and onshore ecological, economic and social impacts locally and regionally. Not all affected countries have had the same response to this emergent environmental challenge. Here, we explore the first ten years of policies produced in response to sargassum influx risk across islands in the Wider Caribbean Region, considering the variation in form, content and aim of sargassum adaptation policies. This assessment of the variation in Caribbean adaptation policies allows lessons to be identified for rapid adaptation to emergent environmental challenges. We find that several countries have no national policy for sargassum adaptation, and many subnational island jurisdictions have no island-specific policies. Whilst there is increasing anecdotal evidence of private and local adaptations taking place to address sargassum influx events, there remains significant scope for government leadership and resource support in adapting to this emergent threat. The lesson is that private adaptations to emergent threats may be quicker to develop and execute than policy adaptation, but longer-term, larger-scale adaptations depend on evidence-based, widely supported government policies with clear avenues of funding.
Climate Change-Induced Decline in Succulent Euphorbia in Namibia’s Arid Regions
Authors: Meyer J. J. Marion , Potgieter Marie M. , Meyer Nicole L. , Meyer Anika C.
Published: January 2025

The global rise in temperatures due to climate change has made it difficult even for specialised desert-adapted plant species to survive on sandy desert soils. Two of Namibia’s iconic desert-adapted plant species, Welwitschia mirabilis and the quiver tree Aloidendron dichotomum, have recently been shown to be under threat because of climate change. In the current study, three ecologically important Namibian Euphorbia milk bushes were evaluated for their climate change response. By comparing good-quality aerial photographs from the 1960s and recent 2020s high-resolution satellite images, it was determined by QGIS remote sensing techniques that very high percentages of the large succulents E. damarana, E. gummifera, and E. gregaria have died during the last 50 years in arid areas of Namibia. Areas like Brandberg (northern Namibia), Klein Karas (south-east), and Garub (south-west), with a high sandy-textured ground cover, have seen the loss of around 90% of E. damarana and E. gregaria and about 61% of E. gummifera in this period. This is alarming, as it could threaten the survival of several animal species adapted to feed on them, especially during droughts. This study focused on large succulent euphorbias, distinguishable in satellite images and historical photographs. It was observed that many other plant species are also severely stressed in arid sandy areas. The obtained results were ground-truthed and species identification was confirmed by the chemical analysis of remaining dead twigs using GC-MS and metabolomics. The ERA5 satellite’s 2 m above-ground temperature data show a 2 °C rise in annual average noon temperatures since 1950 at the three locations analysed. Annual daily temperatures increased by 1.3 °C since 1950, exceeding the global average rise of about 1.0 °C since 1900. This suggests that euphorbias and other plants on low-water-capacity sandy soils in Namibia face greater climate change pressure than plants globally.
Depicting Soybean Diversity via Complementary Application of Three Marker Types
Authors: Perić Vesna , Kravić Natalija , Tabaković Marijenka , Mladenović Drinić Snežana , Nikolić Valentina , Simić Marijana , Nikolić Ana
Published: January 2025

Driven by the growing demands for plant-based protein in Europe and attempts of soybean breeding programs to improve the productivity of created varieties, this study aimed to enhance genetic resource utilization efficiency by providing information relevant to well-focused breeding targets. A set of 90 accessions was subjected to a comprehensive assessment of genetic diversity in a soybean working collection using three marker types: morphological descriptors, agronomic traits, and SSRs. Genotype grouping patterns varied among the markers, displaying the best congruence with pedigree data and maturity for SSRs and agronomic traits, respectively. The clear origin-related grouping pattern was not observed for any of the marker types. For the diversity assessed by morphological descriptors, Homogeneity Analysis by Means of Alternating Least Squares (HOMALS) yielded the most efficient classification by identifying the traits with the highest discriminative power and separating the genotypes into homogeneous groups. According to genetic distances (GDs), the highest diversity was found for morphological descriptors (GD = 517), followed by SSRs (GD = 0.317) and agronomic traits (GD = 0.244). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a weak differentiation between geographic groups (ΦST = 0.061), emphasizing the highest differentiation for Canadian genotypes (ΦST = 0.148 **). A low correlation was found between molecular and morphological, i.e., agronomic trait-based matrices (0.061 *, i.e., –0.027, respectively). The overall assessed diversity highlighted the importance of introducing new sources of variation to promote long-term improvement in soybean breeding.
Does Reproductive Success in Orchids Affect the Evolution of Their Number of Flowers?
Authors: Traxmandlová Iva , Steffelová Michaela , Kindlmann Pavel
Published: January 2025

Species are disappearing worldwide, and changes in climate and land use are commonly assumed to be the most important causes. Organisms are counteracting the negative effects of environmental factors on their survival by evolving various defence strategies, which positively affect their fitness. Here, the question addressed is: can evolution shape these defence strategies so that they positively affect the fitness of an organism? This question is complex and depends on the taxa and environmental factors. Therefore, here, only a special case of this question is studied in deceptive species of orchids: reproductive success (RS, ratio of the number of fruits to the number of flowers produced by a plant during the whole season), a commonly used measure of fitness is used to develop a model describing how RS affects the number of flowers, n, of a plant. This model predicts that: (i) the resulting relationship between RS and n is a positively skewed parabola, (ii) the distribution of the numbers of individuals with a specific number (n) of flowers, NI(n), also resembles a parabola and is also positively skewed, and that (iii) the peak of the distribution of NI is to the left of the peak of RS. A large set of data is presented that supports these predictions. If the data set is small, the concave positively skewed parabolic RS–n dependence is obscured by other factors.
Extraction and Processing of Bioactive Phytoconstituents from Widely Used South African Medicinal Plants for the Preparation of Effective Traditional Herbal Medicine Products: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hlatshwayo Sphamandla , Thembane Nokukhanya , Krishna Suresh Babu Naidu , Gqaleni Nceba , Ngcobo Mlungisi
Published: January 2025

Medicinal plants are sources of crude traditional herbal medicines that are utilized to reduce the risk of, treat, or manage diseases in most indigenous communities. This is due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is estimated that about 80% of the population in developing countries rely on herbal traditional medicines for healthcare. This signifies the need for traditional herbal medicines, which are polyherbal formulations prepared by traditional health practitioners. This review examines preparatory steps to extract bioactive phytoconstituents and post-extraction processes to increase the potency of the extracted bioactive phytoconstituents. Achieving this will allow for the reduced use of plant materials and promote the sustainable use of the limited resource of medicinal plants, especially in our South African context. Electronic ethnobotanical books and online databases were used to find studies that focus on phytoconstituent extraction and post-extraction processing to enhance the potency of the extracted bioactive phytoconstituents. Modification of the extracted bioactive phytoconstituents to synthesize daughter compounds facilitates an enhancement in their potency and bioavailability. Based on the data collected through this review, the importance of understanding the properties of the targeted phytoconstituents is essential in selecting the required extraction method. This determines the quality and yield of extracted bioactive phytoconstituents.
Structural Design Analysis of Substrate with Honeycomb Core Under Normal Pressure, Using RSM and ANN
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Xing Fei
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive structural performance analysis of a honeycomb-core substrate under normal pressure, highlighting the superior predictive accuracy of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) over Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The analysis focused on critical design parameters, such as material selection, coverage rate, and wall thickness, which significantly influence the substrate’s maximum deformation, elastic stress, and mass. The ANN model, trained on these parameters, optimized the design to achieve a cell size of 60 mm, a wall thickness of 12.5753 mm, a coverage rate of 64.38%, and selected aluminum as the material. This optimization resulted in a substrate with a maximum deformation of 7.21 × 10³ mm, an elastic stress of 1.9465 MPa, and a mass of 54.949 kg. The RSM-ANN method surpasses RSM in both optimization and accuracy, enhancing the understanding of how honeycomb design affects substrate properties.
Exploring Principal Component Analysis for Enhanced Insights into Physical and Operational Characteristics of Palladium-Based Membrane Composites: Advancing Hydrogen (H2) Energy Potential to Revolutionize the Energy Sector
Authors: Younes Khaled , Al-Shaar Walid , Hochlaf Majdi , Fattouche Maroua , Belaidi Salah , El Sawda Christina
Published: January 2025

In this study, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to evaluate the physical and operational properties of palladium (Pd)-based membrane composites, focusing on variables like temperature, differential pressure (ΔP), thickness, hydrogen (H2) permeability, and H2 flux. The analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained 53.16% of the total variance, indicating moderate explanatory power. Interdependencies were observed among temperature, thickness, H2 flux, and H2 permeability, while ΔP functioned independently. This study found similarities among membranes, such as eco-friendly chitosan-based membranes, which performed comparably to conventional options like Pd–PSS and Pd–Cu/αAl2O3. Overall, PCA proved to be an invaluable tool for uncovering hidden patterns, optimizing experimental processes, and deepening the understanding of Pd-based membranes. The findings underscore PCA’s potential to enhance material performance and promote sustainable alternatives, with practical benefits for advancing hydrogen separation technologies. This study illustrates how data-driven approaches can refine material analysis and drive innovation in membrane design.
Gas Hydrate Distribution Influenced by Sea Floor Slide and Canyon Erosion in the Shenhu Slope, Northern South China Sea Margin
Authors: Huang Yuhang , Yu Xinghe , Fu Chao
Published: January 2025

The Shenhu area, located on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, is a confirmed gas hydrate-enriching region, but the sedimentary unit, causative mechanisms, and evolution processes of the strata that contain hydrate remain unclear. Furthermore, the recognition of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) rests on qualitative description; there is no quantitative method for the characterization or three-dimensional depiction of BSRs. This review examines the sedimentary features and key factors controlling gas hydrate distribution in the region, based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy combined with drilling and logging data from hydrate drilling projects in the Shenhu area. The main findings of this study include (1) BSRs are mainly distributed in the ridges of the continental slope and in the slip blocks of the side slope, with hydrates developing along a thin layer (10–40 m) below the hydrate stability zone, as confirmed by drilling results; (2) The distribution of BSRs is strongly influenced by the presence of gas chimneys, the migration of deepwater channels, and the erosion and sedimentation processes of canyons, all of which are directly or indirectly related to the accumulation, distribution, and formation of hydrate reservoirs; (3) The sand factor is generally less than 10%, and BSRs accumulate in areas where the sand factor is higher (4–10%). Hydrate saturation shows a positive correlation with porosity. This research also identifies the early Pleistocene erosion/resedimentation event as a key factor that controls the non-homogeneous distribution of hydrates in the region. This research highlights the role of deepwater canyon erosion and slumping processes in controlling gas hydrate formation, offering new insights into the impact of dynamic geological processes on hydrate accumulation. This study provides valuable knowledge for future hydrate exploration and global resource assessments.
Water Treatment Technologies: Development of a Test Bench for Optimizing Flocculation-Thickening Processes in Laboratory Applications
Authors: Ennawaoui Amine , Rachidi Mohammed Badr , Guennouni Nasr , Mousaid Ilyass , Daoud Mohamed Amine , Mastouri Hicham , Ennawaoui Chouaib , Chhiti Younes , Laayati Oussama
Published: January 2025

This study introduces an automated test bench designed to optimize flocculation-thickening processes in the wastewater treatment industry. Addressing current challenges in operational efficiency and cost reduction, the test bench employs Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) principles, leveraging SysML modeling within the CESAM framework. By integrating advanced technologies, including PLC programming and a closed-loop control system, this bench provides precise and efficient testing under varying operational conditions. Economic implications are explored, demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of optimized flocculation processes, which reduce chemical use and operational expenditures while enhancing water clarity and sludge management. The system’s 3D modeling enables detailed simulations, aiding in both research and pedagogical applications. This platform highlights the potential of MBSE in creating scalable, robust solutions that contribute to sustainable water management.
The Main Controlling Factors of Coalbed Methane Productivity Based on Reservoir Structure—A Case Study of the Jiaozuo Block
Authors: Li Chen , Sun Lichun , Zhao Zhigang , Zhang Jian , Wang Cunwu , Liu Fen , Du Kai , Chen Silu , Meng Yanjun
Published: January 2025

In the process of CBM development, the fracturing effect has always been a major controlling factor for CBM productivity. The coal fragmentation degree is a special geological feature in the process of CBM development and research, and other types of reservoirs are not involved in this study. This paper addresses the problem of the inaccurate prediction of the reservoir fragmentation degree by studying the influence of the reservoir type and depth plane curvature on the reservoir fragmentation degree based on the coalbed characteristics of a block. It also studies the influence of faults on the reservoir fragmentation degree based on the reservoir geological characteristics and seismic inversion results. Combined with dynamic data on coalbed methane production, the influence of different geological characteristics on the productivity of coalbed methane wells is studied. The research results show that the reservoir fragmentation degree is mainly affected by the reservoir type. In the coal-forming period or after coal forming, the stronger the tectonic movement is, the higher the reservoir fragmentation degree is. Another manifestation of tectonic movement is faults. The effect of the reservoir fragmentation degree on production is negative. The better the reservoir fragmentation degree is, the worse the reconstruction effect of the coalbed methane well is, and the worse the later production effect is. At the same time, the faults generated by tectonic movement affect not only the reservoir fragmentation degree but also the water production of coalbed methane wells. The closer a well is to a fault, the greater the risk is of high water production and low gas production. Therefore, in the process of selecting a desert area, a complex reservoir fragmentation degree and areas with strong tectonic movement should be avoided. This study takes a structural control block as the research object to study the main controlling factors of coalbed methane reservoir productivity in complex structures. At present, there is no relevant research on this structure in terms of controlling productivity at home or abroad. The research in this paper can provide technical support for the development of similar CBM reservoirs. This method can guide the development of coalbed methane fields and lay a foundation for the selection of favorable coalbed methane reservoir areas.
Immobilization of Enzymes in Polymeric Materials Based on Polyamide: A Review
Authors: Oro Carolina E. Demaman , Saorin Puton Bruna M. , Venquiaruto Luciana D. , Dallago Rogério Marcos , Tres Marcus V.
Published: January 2025

The immobilization of enzymes in polyamide-based polymeric materials through covalent bonding is an established technique to stabilize and reuse biocatalysts in industrial processes. Traditionally, enzymes are immobilized using crosslinking agents that activate functional groups on both the support and the enzyme, creating strong bonds that securely anchor the enzyme to the surface. While effective for maintaining enzyme activity over multiple cycles, this method can reduce catalytic efficiency due to rigid binding and involves complex activation steps. Recently, in situ immobilization approaches have emerged as promising alternatives. In this method, enzymes are directly entrapped within the polymer matrix during the synthesis of the polyamide support, such as nylon, simplifying the process and offering enhanced control over enzyme distribution. For instance, studies have demonstrated that in situ immobilization can improve enzyme stability by protecting it within the polymeric network, while reducing production costs and waste. This review explores the ability of polyamide as a support material for immobilization of enzymes, analyzing key techniques, performance across applications, and future strategies to optimize polymer-enzyme interactions for industrial use.
Potential Health Risks of Exposure to Graphene and Its Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Jin Huanyu , Lai Nami , Jiang Chao , Wang Mengying , Yao Wanying , Han Yue , Song Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Graphene and its derivatives (GDs) have been applied in many fields, like photocatalysts, sensors, and biomedical delivery, due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However, the widespread use of GDs has significantly increased human exposure to these materials. Some health risks of exposure to GDs have been identified, including organ fibrosis, inflammation, DNA damage, etc. Given that graphene is a novel concern, we especially emphasized the various exposure pathways and potential health risks of exposure to GDs. People get exposed to GDs mainly through inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, etc. GDs could transfer to the circular system of people and accumulate in blood, cells, and major organs. GDs exposure could induce organ and cell inflammatory responses and damage, such as disrupted kidney function, declined cell vitality, cytotoxicity, etc. These changes at the organ and cell levels might lead to adverse tangible influences on people, like decreased locomotor activity, the accelerated aging process, and even abnormal offspring development. We also summarized the characterization and detection methods of GDs. In addition, we compared the studies of exposure to dust and GDs in the aspects of health risks and study methods. This review could offer a comprehensive summary related to GDs and provide helpful references for further graphene-related studies.
The Impact of Physical/Natural Spaces on the Mental and Emotional Well-Being of Students According to the Report of Rural Female Teachers
Authors: Fuentes-Vilugrón Gerardo , Caamaño-Navarrete Felipe , Riquelme-Mella Enrique , Godoy Rojas Ingrid , Saavedra-Vallejos Esteban , del Val Martín Pablo , Muñoz-Troncoso Flavio , Arriagada-Hernández Carlos
Published: January 2025

In rural schools, nature is a space where teachers and students seek to feel states of emotional well-being. Activities carried out in contact with nature could be considered ideal for learning. The objective of the research was to explore the influence of physical/natural spaces on the emotional well-being of schoolchildren as reported by female teachers working in rural and indigenous contexts in the region of La Araucanía, Chile. This research is based on the hermeneutic paradigm with a case study design. The selection of participants was non-probabilistic and intentional, including 15 female teachers working in rural school contexts. The study used a semi-structured interview format, and the data were analyzed using grounded theory. According to the teachers’ discourse, the results generated three categories: (a) culture and diversity, (b) physical/natural spaces, and (c) emotional well-being. These show that natural spaces positively affect learning processes and emotional regulation. The research suggests that encouraging contact with physical/natural spaces can help create classroom climates with lower levels of conflict and tension. This, in turn, leads to higher levels of physical, psychological/mental, social, and spiritual balance, resulting in improved attitudes and motivational processes towards learning by students and teachers in rural and indigenous contexts.
Paleolimnology and Natural Versus Anthropogenic Influx During the Late Holocene from Vembanad Wetland, Ramsar Site, Kerala, India
Authors: Tiwari Pooja , Thakur Biswajeet , Srivastava Purnima , Gahlaud Sanjay Kumar Singh , Bhusan Ravi , Agnihotri Rajesh
Published: January 2025

A multi-proxy study of diatoms, palynofacies, and grain size was conducted on a 100 cm core from Arookutty, Vembanad wetland, Kerala, India, to reconstruct paleolimnological changes during the late Holocene, with a focus on natural versus anthropogenic influences. Four distinct depositional phases, from ca. 500 BCE to ca. 400 CE, were identified, aligning with the Roman Warm Period (RWP). The period from ca. 500 BCE to ca. 450 BCE shows high freshwater and marine planktic diatoms, augmented by silicoflagellates and terrestrial organic matter, with a low dinocyst presence, suggesting a dynamic aquatic environment. The period from ca. 450 BCE to ca. 350 BCE is marked by a high sand content, indicating significant runoff and terrestrial influx, along with increased freshwater and marine planktic diatoms and evidence of human activity in the area. Similarly, the period from ca. 350 BCE to ca. 50 CE is characterized by high sand content and strong anthropogenic influences, with a rise in silicoflagellates, pointing to rising sea levels and high monsoonal precipitation. The period from ca. 50 CE to ca. 400 CE initially shows a decrease in sand and an increase in mud, reflecting a weakening southwest monsoon, likely due to solar variations. However, from ca. 300 CE to ca. 400 CE, sand content rises again, accompanied by high terrestrial influx and dinocysts, while silicoflagellates diminish completely. Thus, despite the dominance of the RWP, the coastal region experienced an extended period of reduced monsoonal activity for a particular span.
The Pre-Dawn of the Three Caverns Thought: An Examination Based on Shangqing taiji yinzhu yujing baojue
Authors: Cao Ling
Published: January 2025

The emergence of the “Three Caverns” 三洞 thought was a critical step in the formation of medieval Daoism. It proposed the first viable approach to integrating emerging Daoist scriptural traditions, enabling the creation of the first canonical Daoist catalog, and laying the foundation for the compilation of the Daozang and the establishment of the Ordination Ranks 法位 system. Scholars generally agree that the Shangqing taiji yinzhu yujing baojue 上清太極隱注玉經寶訣 played a significant role in the development of the Three Caverns thought. However, research on the formation of this scripture remains lacking. This study fills this gap by confirming the composition of the scripture through two independent lines of evidence. Then, based on new insights into its composition, this study discusses the historical context of the Three Caverns concept in this scripture and its direct impact on Lu Xiujing 陸修靜 (406–477)’s cataloging work. These discussions illustrate that, when confronted with the challenge posed by the newly composed Shangqing scriptures, the authors of the Shangqing taiji yinzhu yujing baojue employed the integrative approach commonly found in the Ancient Lingbao Scriptures to propose a more inclusive scriptural system. This approach played a crucial role in providing a theoretical foundation for the formation of medieval Daoism.
Implementing an Outgoing Longwave Radiation Climate Dataset from Fengyun 3E Satellite Data with a Machine-Learning Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yanjiao , Yan Feng
Published: January 2025

China’s FengYun 3E (FY3E) meteorological satellite, launched in 2021, is equipped with advanced instruments for comprehensive Earth observations. In this study, we compared outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) measurements from the FY3E satellite (FY3E OLR) and from a series of satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA, United States of America; hereafter NOAA OLR) and analyzed the spatiotemporal differences between the datasets. We designed a new correction model, “DeepFM”, implementing both a factorization machine algorithm and a deep artificial neural network to minimize daily mean differences between the datasets. Then, we evaluated the spatiotemporal consistency between the corrected FY3E OLR and NOAA OLR data. The DeepFM model effectively reduced daily mean differences: after correction, the daily mean absolute bias and root-mean-square error decreased from 7.4 W/m2 to 4.2 W/m2 and from 10.3 W/m2 to 6.3 W/m2, respectively, indicating a notably improved spatiotemporal consistency between the corrected FY3E OLR and NOAA OLR data. Subsequently, we merged these datasets to generate a long-term OLR dataset suitable for climate analyses. This study provides a robust technological basis and innovative methodology for the dedicated application of China meteorological satellites to climate science.
The Digital Economy, R&D Investments, and CO2 Emissions: Unraveling Reduction Potentials in China
Authors: Zhao Yuexin , Wang Peng
Published: January 2025

This study explores the relationships between the digital economy, R&D investment, and carbon emissions, as well as the mediating role of financial technology (fintech). Despite a growing body of research, the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions remains contested, partly due to the limited scope and inconsistent measures in existing studies. Additionally, while R&D is a pivotal driver of modern development, its potential quadratic effects on carbon emissions in China remain unexplored. By employing a comprehensive Digital Economy Index and analyzing panel data from 2011 to 2020 across Chinese regions, this study provides new insights into how digitalization and innovation influence carbon emissions. The findings reveal a positive linear correlation between the digital economy and CO2 emissions over the last decade. Moreover, R&D investments exhibit an inverse U-shaped relationship with emissions, acting as an effective factor in reducing CO2 emissions. Notably, the turning point of this relationship occurs in Quadrant I, where most regions are clustered, indicating substantial efficiency gains from early-stage R&D investments and their significant potential to enhance sustainable development. Furthermore, fintech emerges as a significant mediator in the R&D–emissions dynamic, underscoring its critical role in this context.
Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Pressure Monitoring Systems
Authors: Caggiari Silvia , Jiang Liudi , Worsley Peter
Published: January 2025

Measuring interface pressure is currently used in a variety of settings, e.g., automotive or clinical, to evaluate pressure distribution at support surface interfaces. Commercial pressure sensing arrays are employed to monitor and visualise these pressure distributions to aid mattress or cushion selection by assessing their ability to redistribute the pressure magnitudes over vulnerable areas, e.g., the buttock. These technologies vary in configurations and measurement principles, with manufacturers supplying calibration and specifications. This study evaluated the performance of six commercial pressure sensing arrays, which differed in sensor type, configuration, and spatial resolution. Each system was subjected to mechanical compression loading on a standard cushion using a dual hemispherical ‘buttock shaped’ standard indenter. Pressure parameters were estimated, e.g., contact area, peak pressure index, from the sensing arrays and a comparison between measured and predicted pressure values was performed. The results showed that both contact area and pressures are influenced by the spatial resolution, with higher values associated with systems with the highest resolution. A high variability between systems was observed in the measured pressure, with sensor type driving difference between the observed and the predicted pressures. Further research is needed to establish standards and performance analysis of these technologies.
A Complete Coverage Path Planning Algorithm for Lawn Mowing Robots Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Chen Ying , Lu Zhe-Ming , Cui Jia-Lin , Luo Hao , Zheng Yang-Ming
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces Re-DQN, a deep reinforcement learning-based algorithm for comprehensive coverage path planning in lawn mowing robots. In the fields of smart homes and agricultural automation, lawn mowing robots are rapidly gaining popularity to reduce the demand for manual labor. The algorithm introduces a new exploration mechanism, combined with an intrinsic reward function based on state novelty and a dynamic input structure, effectively enhancing the robot’s adaptability and path optimization capabilities in dynamic environments. In particular, Re-DQN improves the stability of the training process through a dynamic incentive layer and achieves more comprehensive area coverage and shorter planning times in high-dimensional continuous state spaces. Simulation results show that Re-DQN outperforms the other algorithms in terms of performance, convergence speed, and stability, making it a robust solution for comprehensive coverage path planning. Future work will focus on testing and optimizing Re-DQN in more complex environments and exploring its application in multi-robot systems to enhance collaboration and communication.
A Lightweight Person Detector for Surveillance Footage Based on YOLOv8n
Authors: Wang Qicheng , Feng Guoqiang , Li Zongzhe
Published: January 2025

To enable person detection tasks in surveillance footage to be deployed on edge devices and their efficient performance in resource-constrained environments in real-time, a lightweight person detection model based on YOLOv8n was proposed. This model balances high accuracy with low computational cost and parameter size. First, the MSBlock module was introduced into YOLOv8n. Then, a series of modifications were made to the MSBlock structure. Next, a heterogeneous PAFPN with improved MSBlock was formed using heterogeneous convolution kernels. Finally, AKConv, a variable kernel convolution, was applied to further reduce the number of parameters and the computational cost while improving accuracy. A series of experiments demonstrated that, due to these improvements, the proposed lightweight model achieved a reduction of nearly 10% in parameter size and 5% in the floating-point computational cost compared to the original YOLOv8n. Additionally, on a custom surveillance dataset, the model shows a 1.4% improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95, and on a more complex subset of the PASVOC public dataset, the model achieved a 2.8% improvement in mAP@0.5 and a 1.2% improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95, proving the high accuracy and generalization ability of the improved lightweight model.
High-Fat Diet—Shared Environmental Risk Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Schreiner Thomas Gabriel , Iacob Liviu , Croitoru Cristina Georgiana , Hodorog Diana Nicoleta , Cuciureanu Dan Iulian
Published: January 2025

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are, in essence, neurodegenerative disorders with significant individual, social, and economic burdens worldwide. Despite having different clinical onset and evolution, the two diseases share common risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Environmental risk factors are particularly interesting, considering the available effective counter strategies. High-fat diets remain a significant element that negatively impacts the onset and evolution of several disorders, including ALS and MS. Focusing on changeable disease-related aspects is increasingly appealing in the context of a lack of an effective treatment. Methods: This review aims to offer an updated overview of the influence of high-fat diets in modulating the risk of onset and progression of ALS and MS, based on the search of three relevant online databases. Results: In the first part, the shared pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS and MS are shown, and significant differences between the two disorders are highlighted. Subsequently, the most relevant research on this topic conducted in animal models and humans is presented, bringing additional proof of the critical role of high-fat diets in neurodegeneration. Finally, based on current knowledge, the authors offer potential therapeutic approaches and future relevant research directions to better control nutrition in ALS and MS patients, hoping to increase survival and quality of life. Conclusions: High-fat diets negatively impact the onset and evolution of ALS and MS.
The Response to Asymmetrical Violence in Black Space
Authors: Jones Stephanie D.
Published: January 2025

Oakland, California has been identified as a Black city since the early days of the Great Migration. Migrants from the South brought their labor, families, and most importantly, a vision for the future of Black communities. Alongside the influx of domestic Black folks moving into the city has been a steady stream of Black immigrants who help to push the boundaries for how Blackness is understood in Oakland. Increased anti-immigrant sentiments have added to this violence, putting undocumented immigrants at risk of suffering the abuses of landlords. In this article, I uplift the voices of Oakland community members that demonstrate the tragedies of dispossession as they tell their own geographic stories. These collective stories demonstrate the markers of dispossession on different levels as the sociospatial dynamics of Oakland are being (re)imagined. Oakland has now become one more example of the threat to Black spaces in the U.S. and gives us a roadmap for how these spaces will be reimagined under asymmetrical violence.