bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Celebrity Endorsement Solving the Destination Marketing Puzzle
Authors: Jolly Rosma
Published: August 2019

Celebrity endorsement advertising has become an essential element of the advertising strategy. Celebrity endorsement is one of the ways out for marketing problems. An advertisement that uses celebrity endorsers enjoys high recognition among the consumers. It helps the consumer to recognise and recall the brand thus influencing the buying behavior. Since celebrity endorsers create an elevated effect on purchase decision of consumers, producers and retailers always prefer to use celebrities in their advertisement. Further, it will add on to the impact rate if the celebrity endorser is endorsingthe product or service for an extended or longer period. Travel and tourism is one of the largest service sectors in India. The main aim of this industry is to develop and promote tourism, maintain and increase the competitiveness of India as a tourist destination, improve and expand existing tourism products to ensure employment generation and thus bringing about economic growth to India. The paper also investigates the various motivating factors of the endorsers taken into consideration to visit the advertised destination. For this,the most important factors of celebrity endorsement were taken note of through extensive literature reviews. Making an inspection on the Swatch Bharat scheme and the involvement of celebrities gives more relevance to the study. The data used was partially primary and partially secondary so that all the aspects could be identified and covered. The data was analysed with the help of statistical package for the social science SPSS with tests such as One sample t-test, ANOVA, Chi Square test, Friedman test.
The Experiential Facets of Special Interest Tourism Offerings of Wayanad, Kerala
Authors: P S Sibi
Published: August 2019

Special interest tourism (SIT) has become a trend in modern tourism industry.  It is emerging as a niche tourism concept in which tourists look for exclusive travel experiences, tour operators work passionately to offer specialized services and destinations focus on sustainable development. Wayanad, an exquisite hill station of Kerala, is emerging as one of the most preferred destinations for nature lovers as well as special interest tourists. Keeping in mind the demand for SIT promotion and with the objective of sustaining the natural and unique cultural heritage of Wayanad, an attempt is made in this paper to explore the special interest tourism avenues of Wayanad.
Editorial
Authors: Thomas Joby
Published: August 2019

The current issue of the journal brings together articles on varied and emerging areas such as the application of scientific techniques in coastal tourism to the contribution of tourism towards poverty alleviation.
ОКСИДАТИВНЫЙ СТРЕСС И ПРЕЭКЛАМПСИЯ
Authors: Afanasyeva KseniaAnastasia Andreevna , Smirnova Olga Valentinovna , Rzhevskaya Nataliya Valentinovna , Martyushova Elena Alexandrovna
Published: August 2019

Преэклампсия – системное заболевание, связанное с беременностью, характеризующееся артериальной гипертензией, протеинурией, отеками и нарушением функций многих органов. Последнее время патогенез преэклампсии активно изучается. Выявлено, что неотъемлемой частью в развитии преэклампсии является окислительный стресс. Однако до сих пор исследователи не могут прийти к единому мнению о механизмах возникновения данной патологии беременных. Статья посвящена изучению закономерностей пероксидации в условиях преэклампсии в зависимости от механизмов возникновения по данным литературных источников. Статьи взяты из международной базы PubMed. В процессе изучения литературных данных разных авторов было выявлено, что существует 2 уверенных точки зрения на роль оксидативного стресса в патогенезе преэклампсии. Одни авторы считают, что оксидативный стресс, индуцированный в ишемизированной плаценте вызывает выброс цитотоксических факторов в материнское кровообращение, стимулируя воспалительный ответ и активируя материнские эндотелиальные клетки, что в свою очередь может приводить к эндотелиальной дисфункции и, как следствие, к возникновению преэклампсии. Другие же считают, что главным источником активных форм кислорода во время беременности является сама плацента, и их образование увеличивается при преэклампсии.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕЛАКСЕНА НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ ОДОНТОГЕННОМ ОСТЕОМИЕЛИТЕ ЧЕЛЮСТЕЙ
Authors: Toboev G. V. , Aliev K. I.
Published: August 2019

Исследование проведено на 50 крысах – самцах линии Вистар, массой 200–300 грамм. Во всех группах животных, кроме фоновой, создавалась модель одонтогенного остеомиелита нижней челюсти. В контрольной группе проводилось стандартное лечение, предлагаемое при данной патологии. Опытной группе крыс помимо стандартной терапии вводился препарат «Мелаксен». На 40й, 45й и 50й сутки эксперимента определялись показатели перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) и антиоксидантной защиты для выяснения стадии развития воспаления и сформированности защитных реакций организма. Показано, что стандартная терапия одонтогенного остеомиелита способствует некоторому снижению активности ферментов оксидативного стресса. Использование препарата «Мелаксен» приводило к достоверно более выраженному уменьшению показателей ПОЛ и активации антиоксидантной защиты.
Palliative care after the Liverpool Care Pathway: a study of staff experiences
Authors: Collins Heather , Raby Peter
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of end-of-life care following the withdrawal of the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP). Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses working in palliative care. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: perceptions of the LCP, prevailing issues, and patients' and families' experiences. This study suggested that the removal of the pathway has not remedied the issues attributed to it. Further, the way in which the LCP was removed indicates that the non-expert media can play a negative role in how palliative care is perceived, which inhibits the care process. In this respect it is important that ‘insider’ voices are also heard, in order to educate and also redress disinformation. Similarly, broader, persisting, contextual challenges facing staff need addressing in order to prevent a repeat of the issues leading to the removal of the LCP.
Introducing a very low carbohydrate diet for a child with type 1 diabetes
Authors: de Souza Bosco Paiva Caroline , Lima Maria Helena Melo
Published: August 2019

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a serious autoimmune disease for which no cure is available. The treatment includes insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. The goal is to keep blood glucose levels close to normal most of the time to delay or prevent complications. Despite the increase in the use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors in recent years, the management of type 1 diabetes remains suboptimal in terms of glycaemic control and normal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. This article discusses the case of a child with type 1 diabetes who was successfully treated with a very low-carbohydrate diet, resulting in normal levels of HbA1c and normal blood glucose 95% of the time in a range of 70–180 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L−10 mmol/L). Therefore, further studies are needed to verify how a very low carbohydrate diet impacts child development.
Embedding a just and learning culture in the NHS
Authors: Tingle John
Published: August 2019

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, discusses recently published NHS Resolution guidance on developing in the NHS a ‘just and learning culture’ to support staff, patients and carers
The role of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor muscles
Authors: Allon Eleanor F
Published: August 2019

Pelvic floor dysfunction is a common problem, particularly for women. A weakness in the pelvic floor muscles can lead to one or more disorders developing, such as urinary incontinence or a pelvic organ prolapse. To combat this, it is advised that the pelvic floor muscles are exercised to strengthen them and help them become more supportive. However, more than 30% of women are unable to detect their pelvic floor muscles to produce an effective contraction. The introduction of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in pelvic healthcare poses a significant benefit in the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor muscles.
Recognition and management of leukaemia in children
Authors: Brayley Jessica , Stanton Lauren Katie , Jenner Lucy , Paul Siba Prosad
Published: August 2019

Leukaemia is the most common cancer in children. The presenting manifestations can be wide-ranging, from a relatively well child to life-threatening complications. Symptoms can be manifested in any of the bodily systems. Undertaking a thorough clinical assessment of the child, in addition to recognising and addressing parental concerns, is vital. Furthermore, recognising that children can commonly present with musculoskeletal or abdominal symptoms increases the diagnostic yield, thereby preventing missed or late diagnoses. Childhood cancer has a huge impact on the child and their family, both at diagnosis and in the long term; providing advice and signposting families to appropriate support groups is an important aspect of their management. Nurses play a vital role in managing children with cancers, starting from raising suspicion and identifying the child with leukaemia, ensuring that high-quality care is delivered throughout their treatment, managing complications, and providing support and information to children and their families. An illustrative case study is included to highlight some of the challenges that health professionals may encounter in their clinical practice.
Wound care nurse of the year 2019: runner up
Authors: Mechen Clare
Published: August 2019

Clare Mechen, runner up at the BJN Awards 2019, describes the work of the Leg Club for which her team was shortlisted
Becoming part of a blended family
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: August 2019

Advice for parents on how to help their children adjust to being part of a new family set-up. By Annette Rawstrone
Laser light source limited uncertainty of speckle-based roughness measurements
Authors: Patzelt Stefan , Stöbener Dirk , Fischer Andreas
Published: August 2019

Surface microtopography measurement (e.g., form, waviness, roughness) is a precondition to assess the surface quality of technical components with regard to their applications. Laser speckle-based roughness measurement is an optical scattered light measuring technique that provides field of view dimensions of some square millimeters and measuring frequencies in the kilohertz domain enabling in-process roughness characterization of even moving part surfaces. However, camera exposure times of microseconds or less and a high detector pixel density mean less light energy per pixel. This affects the minimal achievable measurement uncertainty, which has not been clarified yet for almost plain sample shapes. For this reason, the measurement uncertainty limit of the surface roughness parameter
Sa
due to fundamental, inevitable noise sources such as laser shot noise and detector noise is analytically estimated and compared to experimental data. The results show a mainly shot-noise-limited measurement uncertainty contribution of less than 0.033 nm. In addition, a significant influence of laser beam profile variations on the achievable roughness measurement uncertainty is identified for the current experimental setup, which is generally below 0.3 nm and can be improved in future setups. The already achieved low measurement uncertainty offers ideal preconditions for in-process roughness measurements on samples with a similar surface structure in industrial environments.
Are multi-family LEED-certified buildings biased towards high-income areas? An analysis based on the theory of innovation diffusion
Authors: Hopkins Erin A.
Published: August 2019

This study explores the LEED BD+C multi-family mid-rise category through a diffusion of innovation theory lens. As higher income individuals tend to adopt innovations first, it is hypothesized that LEED-certified multi-family mid-rise buildings will be in high-income areas. This theory is tested by comparing median household incomes in Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) where LEED-certified multi-family mid-rise projects are present and state median household income. The overall results of this study show higher median household income in areas where LEED-certified multi-family mid-rise are located indicating a potential bias of diffusion of innovation in multi-family green building features towards the wealthier households. However, this is not always the case as twelve states had higher median household incomes than in areas where multi-family mid-rise LEED-certified buildings were located signifying the importance of market variability when reviewing diffusion of the green building innovation phenomenon. For those states where higher median household income was found in areas where LEED-certified multi-family mid-rise projects exist, the question of access for low to moderate-income consumers to green building features arises.
Von der automobilen zur multimodalen Gesellschaft?
Authors: Groth Sören
Published: August 2019

Ein Übergang von der automobilen hin zur multimodalen Gesellschaft beschäftigt die westliche Verkehrs- und Mobilitätsforschung. Dabei geht es um eine mögliche Abkehr von der weitgehend exklusiven Nutzung des privaten Automobils hin zur flexiblen Nutzung unterschiedlicher Verkehrsmittel. Die vermehrt multimodale Verkehrsmittelwahl junger Erwachsener oder das Konzept der Smart Mobility auf Basis vernetzter Mobilitätsdienstleistungen haben zur Popularität dieser Debatte beigetragen. Sören Groth konzeptualisiert Multioptionalität als notwendige Voraussetzung für multimodales Verhalten. Anhand eines Datensatzes aus dem Rhein-Main-Gebiet arbeitet er beispielhaft eine Reihe ungleicher (materieller und mentaler) Voraussetzungen zur möglichen Partizipation an der multimodalen Gesellschaft heraus. Auf diese Weise kann die potenzielle Ubiquität multimodaler Verhaltensweisen infrage gestellt und die Übergangsdebatte um ein wichtiges Korrektiv bereichert werden.
Arbeit und Melancholie
Authors: Vöing Nerea
Published: August 2019

Erschöpfung, Depression, Burnout: Folgeprobleme von Erwerbsarbeit werden in literarischen Auseinandersetzungen zunehmend zum Sujet. Wilhelm Genazinos Angestellte, Karen Duves Taxifahrerin, Frédéric Beigbeders Werber, Terézia Moras Salesmanager - sie alle werden als erschöpfte bis verzweifelte Figuren gezeichnet und offenbaren darüber eine (implizite) Kritik an veränderten Anforderungen der Arbeitsgesellschaft. Auf der Basis kulturgeschichtlicher Überlegungen und anhand ausgewählter Texte der Gegenwartsliteratur zeichnet Nerea Vöings komparatistische Studie nach, wie ausgerechnet die seit der Antike zur ›Feindin‹ der Arbeit stilisierte Melancholie zum Vehikel dieser kritischen Darstellung werden konnte.
Protest twittern
Authors: Dang-Anh Mark
Published: August 2019

Wenn Menschen heute auf der Straße protestieren, sind immer auch digitale Medien im Spiel. Ob zur Mobilisierung oder Koordination, zur Vor- oder Nachbereitung: Proteste sind durch die sprachlichen Interaktionen und medialen Praktiken der Teilnehmenden bestimmt. Mark Dang-Anh widmet sich der situativen Protestkommunikation in digitalen Medien mit einem Fokus auf Interaktionen im Mikrobloggingdienst Twitter. Anhand zweier Falluntersuchungen von Protesten gegen rechte Aufmärsche analysiert er die vielschichtigen Relationen zwischen Sprache, Medien und der sozialen Praxis des Protestierens. Die dem Buch zugrunde liegende Arbeit wurde 2019 mit dem »Preis der Universität Siegen für die Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses, vergeben von der Dirlmeier-Stiftung«, ausgezeichnet.
Internet Health Report 2019
Authors:   Mozilla Foundation
Published: August 2019

This annual report is a call to action to recognize the things that are having an impact on the internet today, and to embrace the notion that we as humans can change how we make money, govern societies, and interact with one another online. We invite you to participate in setting an agenda for how we can work together to create an internet that truly puts people first. This book is neither a country-level index nor a doomsday clock. Our intention is to show that while the worldwide consequences of getting things wrong with the internet could be huge - for peace and security, for political and individual freedoms, for human equality - the problems are never so great that nothing can be done. More people than you imagine are working to make the internet healthier by applying their skills, creativity, and personal bravery to business, technology, activism, policy and regulation, education, and community development.
The effect of task characteristics on enterprise resource planning system success with user characteristics and organizational characteristics as mediating variables
Authors: Pontoh Grace Theresia , Siraja Deng , Ibrahim Muhammad Achyar
Published: August 2019

Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) is an integrated system that provides a wide range of benefits for the company, but there are still many companies who have unsuccessfully implemented ERP system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the task characteristic and the success of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) on the success of ERP, with the user characteristic and organizational characteristic as mediating variables. The data were collected by using a questionnaire distributed directly to users of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Indonesian companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE). The data were processed by using Partial Least Square (PLS). It was found that the suitability of the task significantly affects the success of an ERP system, either directly or mediated by the user variable characteristic and organizational characteristic. Task difficulty also significantly affects the success of an ERP system if mediated by the convenience variable (user characteristic). The success of the ERP system is determined by based tasks and task complexity through the system the user's convenience in using the information system.
TOLERANSI SEBAGAI IDIOLOGI BERAGAMA (KAJIAN FUNGSIONAL ATAS KERAGAMAN AGAMA)
Authors: Urrozi Khoirun Nisa
Published: August 2019

Realitas yang plural mengantarkan masyarakat pada perbedaan yang seringkali menimbulkan konflik, ketidak siapan masyarakat atas perbedaan agama, idiologi, keyakinan dan ritual pada lingkungan sosial menjadikan agama keluar dari fungsinya sebagai penuntun pada perdamaian. Agama merupakan sistem yaitu sebagai kontrol sosial yang pada dasarnya mengontrol manusia agar manusia dapat senantiasa menjadi insan yang ihsan. Melihat realitas idiologi dan keyakinan yang berbeda menjdikan fungsional bagi sebagian segmen dan menjadi tidak fungsional bagi sebagian segmen yang lain, dalam hal tersebut perlu kiranya memunculkan kembali sub sistem yang memang pada dasarnya merupakan bagian dari  sistem agama yaitu toleransi, toleransi dibutuhkan sebagai upaya menjembatani perbedaan tersebut dengan menekan rasa egoisitas dan kepentingan untuk kemaslahatan bersama dalam hidup berdampingan.
Waters of Indiana
Authors: Indiana University Indiana Geological and Water Survey
Published: August 2019

Each year, the IGWS produces an annual calendar for public distribution. For 2019, the subject is "Waters of Indiana," which illustrates the diversity of Indiana's waterways and unique sites that show the diversity of how water has shaped the landscape.
The Survant Coal Member of the Linton Formation (Pennsylvanian) in Indiana
Authors: Mastalerz Maria , Ames Philip R. , Drobniak Agnieszka
Published: August 2019

This study attempts to advance the understanding of the geometry of the Survant Coal Member of the Linton Formation (Pennsylvanian) in Indiana. We documented variability in the thickness and lateral extent of the coal beds present between the Mecca Quarry Shale Member of the Linton Formation and the Excello Shale Member of the Petersburg Formation—two transgressive traceable marine horizons. Our study was based on the detailed examination of 1,240 petroleum geophysical logs and coal test borehole logs throughout Indiana, and on previously collected data. The presence of multiple coal beds in the Survant Coal Member and variable thickness of the clastic partings create mapping challenges and difficulties in reliably evaluating coal resources, as well as stratigraphic uncertainties and confusion related to the nomenclature used for this coal. Because one to four coal beds occur between the Mecca Quarry Shale Member and the Excello Shale Member (namely, between the Colchester and Houchin Creek Coal Members of the Linton and Petersburg Formations), it is unclear which seams should be included in the Survant Coal Member. To better depict the complexity of the Survant Coal Member, we suggest that two additional locations be considered as reference sections. The first auxiliary reference section is Indiana Geological and Water Survey (formerly, Indiana Geological Survey) drill core SDH-366 (Petroleum Database Management System [PDMS] #150359) from Vanderburgh County (PDMS, 2018). This reference section represents the more southern part of Indiana where two coal benches are separated by a thick clastic interval. The second auxiliary reference section is drill core SDH-235 (PDMS #157302) in Greene County, representative of the central part Indiana where two distinct coal benches are separated by a relatively thin clastic parting. These two additional sections together with the current reference section (SDH-306 [PDMS #115871] located in Pike County in southern Indiana) capture the complexity of the Survant Coal Member more comprehensively than the current reference section alone.

This study provides new data on the geometry of the coal beds within the Survant Coal Member that will allow more reliable future resource and reserve evaluation of this coal. In addition, we have also compiled information about mining, resources, and properties of this coal to provide a comprehensive reference for the Survant Coal Member in Indiana.
Bedrock Geology of the Logansport 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle, Indiana
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick , Bancroft Alyssa , Johnson Matt
Published: August 2019

This is a map. There is no abstract.
REKONSTRUKSI KONSTITUSI DALAM REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH TERHADAP FUNGSI LEGISLATIF
Authors: Tinambunan Hezron Sabar Rotua , Prasetio Dicky Eko
Published: August 2019

Dewan Perwakilan Daerah atau DPD merupakan lembaga legislatif yang lahir dari gejolak reformasi 1998 yang keberadaan yuridis terkait DPD dan kewenangannya didasarkan Pasal 22D UUD NRI 1945. Dalam regelende functie  maka sejatinya peran DPD sebagai perwakkilan daerah untuk mengimbangi adanya peran Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat sebagai political. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meninjau dan menganalisis kembali bagaimana seharusnya keberadaan DPD dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan analitis (analytical approch), bahwa keanggotaan DPD haruslah merupakan calon perseorangan yang terbebas dari jabatan dan fungsionaris partai politik. Hal ini untuk mempertegas serta mengoptimalkan peran regional representative supaya dari proses pencalonan, pengangkatan, dan perumusan kebijakan merupakan perorangan yang benar-benar concern terhadap permasalahan, dinamika, dan kepentingan daerah yang diwakilinya.
EOG-based eye movement recognition using GWO-NN optimization
Authors: Mulam Harikrishna , Mudigonda Malini
Published: August 2019

In recent times, the control of human-computer interface (HCI) systems is triggered by electrooculography (EOG) signals. Eye movements recognized based on the EOG signal pattern are utilized to govern the HCI system and do a specific job based on the type of eye movement. With the knowledge of various related examinations, this paper intends a novel model for eye movement recognition based on EOG signals by utilizing Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) with neural network (NN). Here, the GWO is used to minimize the error function from the classifier. The performance of the proposed methodology was investigated by comparing the developed model with conventional methods. The results reveal the loftier performance of the adopted method with the error minimization analysis and recognition performance analysis in correspondence with varied performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, false-positive rate (FPR), false-negative rate (FNR), negative predictive value (NPV), false discovery rate (FDR) and the F1 score.
Robustness of Support Vector Machines in Algorithmic Trading on Cryptocurrency Market
Authors: Ślepaczuk Robert , Zenkova Maryna
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the profitability of an algorithmic trading strategy based on training SVM model to identify cryptocurrencies with high or low predicted returns. A tail set is defined to be a group of coins whose volatility-adjusted returns are in the highest or the lowest quintile. Each cryptocurrency is represented by a set of six technical features. SVM is trained on historical tail sets and tested on the current data. The classifier is chosen to be a nonlinear support vector machine. The portfolio is formed by ranking coins using the SVM output. The highest ranked coins are used for long positions to be included in the portfolio for one reallocation period. The following metrics were used to estimate the portfolio profitability: %ARC (the annualized rate of change), %ASD (the annualized standard deviation of daily returns), MDD (the maximum drawdown coefficient), IR1, IR2 (the information ratio coefficients). The performance of the SVM portfolio is compared to the performance of the four benchmark strategies based on the values of the information ratio coefficient IR1, which quantifies the risk-weighted gain. The question of how sensitive the portfolio performance is to the parameters set in the SVM model is also addressed in this study.
‘Pythagoras’ and ps.-ArchytasOn Principles
Authors: Mansfeld Jaap
Published: August 2019

AëtiusPlacita1.3.8, in the chapterOn Principles, provides a systematic overview of Pythagorean thought, which can be instructively compared with ps.-ArchytasOn Principles, provided both fragments of the latter are kept together.
The Issue of a Transport Mode Choice from the Perspective of Enterprise Logistics
Authors: Gnap Jozef , Poliak Milos , Semanova Stefania
Published: August 2019

The paper includes the research outputs in the area of examining the total costs of delivering products to the customer for a particular transport mode choice. The methodology of choice procedure is presented based on the calculation of threshold distance for different variants of shipments in road and rail transport based on delivery costs. The paper also assesses the possibility of compiling a multi-criteria function for enterprise logistics, that beside the costs takes into account also other aspects as rail transport availability, time for loading and unloading, shipping time or environmental impacts.
Can phonotactic constraints inhibit segmental change? Arguments from lenition and syncope
Authors: Honeybone Patrick
Published: August 2019

This article considers the interaction of phonotactics and diachrony. I argue two things: (i) language-specific phonotactic constraints on phonological forms can inhibit otherwise regular innovations, and (ii) the fact that such phonotactically-motivated process inhibition occurs in historical phonology is itself evidence for the reality of phonotactic constraints. I assume that there is a difference between those gaps in a language’s lexicon which are due to chance (‘A-gaps’) and those which are ruled out by the grammar (‘S-gaps’) and I consider some evidence in favour of this view. I consider two case studies where an understanding of phonotactics is necessary to analyse the patterning of change: Mid-Scots θ-debuccalisation and a late Middle English syncope. I ground the discussion in arguments about what phonotactic constraints are, and how they can be involved in diachrony. This involves a consideration of a number of examples from English, including onset-OCP-related constraints, the OCP (sibilance) constraint, and the constraint which imposes the defective distribution of [h].
Sibilant-stop onsets in Romance: Explaining phonotactic complexity
Authors: Pustka Elissa
Published: August 2019

Focusing on sibilant-stop onsets, this paper deals with syllabic complexity in Romance languages. At its core are two empirical studies that address the complex case of French: a type-level study is based on the Petit Robert, and a token-level study uses Parisian and Southern French corpus data elaborated in the framework of the PFC program (Phonologie du Français Contemporain). The paper identifies three factors behind the emergence of phonotactic complexity: (a) vowel elision, (b) borrowing, and (c) expressivity.
Research on cooperation strategy between government and green supply chain based on differential game
Authors: Zeng Jingwei , Li Baizhou
Published: August 2019

Based on the “three bottom line” and stakeholder theory, the paper considers the relationship and cooperation strategy between the government and the supplier and manufacturer of the green supply chain. By constructing the dynamic differential game model, the paper discusses the differences in the optimal effort level, green degree of product, reputation and the optimal benefit under the three situations of noncooperation, government promotion and collaborative cooperation. The results show that the optimal effort level, green degree of product, reputation and the optimal benefit in collaborative cooperation are obviously higher than the situations of non-cooperation and government promotion, and the cooperation of the three parties can promote the development of green supply chain. Government promotion is better than noncooperation. The government plays an active role in improving the optimal benefit and reputation of green supply chain. Finally, the reliability of the proposed proposition is verified by an example analysis, which provides an important reference for improving the efficiency of green supply chain.
AVT as intercultural mediation
Authors: Guillot Marie-Noëlle , Pavesi Maria
Published: August 2019

This article addresses a question central for this special issue of Multilingua on audiovisual translation (AVT) – of the relationship between the cross-cultural and the intercultural in audiovisual translation. The question underpins fundamental debates in the emergent field of AVT as cross/intercultural mediation, the focus in this volume, with subtitling and dubbing the two main interlingual modes considered in its pages from an interdisciplinary perspective embracing translation and audiovisual translation studies, pragmatics and cross-cultural pragmatics and film studies. The article doubles up as the introduction for the special issue, and provides its rationale and contents.
Transitivity, Events, and Gesture: The Case of the Causative-inchoative Alternation
Authors: Wu Suwei , Cienki Alan
Published: August 2019

An increasing number of studies are being devoted to the investigation of what aspects of grammar, and of events, expressed in speech are coordinated with gesture. However, previous studies have focused on gesture use in relation to either transitivity or event properties, without considering how these factors interact. In this study, we consider how gesture use relates to transitivity when the type of event in the causativeinchoative alternation is considered, and also how gesture use relates to properties of the events when the type of transitivity is considered. We found various relations both between gesture use and transitivity on the one hand, and between gesture use and certain properties of events on the other hand. Whereas some of the results contrast with the findings in previous studies about the relation between gesture and transitivity, other results obtained actually reinforce and complement some previous findings. The results concerning event properties and gesture also add to previous studies about which properties of certain motor-spatial events relate to gesture and how they do so. The study thus provides a more nuanced understanding of the relation between gesture and language.
Combining Unmanned Aerial Systems and Satellite Data to Monitor Phenological Changes in Tropical Forests: A Case Study from Costa Rica
Authors: Marx Andrew , McFarlane Donald
Published: August 2019

The migration of vegetation under the influence of climate change is of great interest to ecologists, but can be difficult to quantify—especially in less accessible landscapes. Monitoring land cover change through remote sensing has become the best solution, especially with the use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs; drones) as low-cost remote sensing platforms are able to collect data at high spatial and spectral resolutions. Unfortunately, in the context of climate change studies, the lack of comparative UAS data sets over decadal timescales has been limiting. Here, we describe a technique for the integration of historical, low spatial resolution satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data with short-term high-resolution multispectral UAS data to track the vegetation changes in a Costa Rican rainforest over a 33-year time frame. The study reveals the transition of a mixed forest from strongly deciduous to weakly deciduous phenology in the Hacienda Barú National Wildlife Refuge (HBNWR), southwestern Costa Rica. This case study presents an approach for researchers and forest managers to study and track vegetation changes over time in locations that lack detailed historical vegetation data. Vegetation migration due to climate change is not well documented and difficult to monitor, especially in remote or inaccessible locations. This case study presents researchers, students, and forest managers an approach for leveraging freely available satellite imagery and UASs to track these changes over time.
Tel1/ATM Signaling to the Checkpoint Contributes to Replicative Senescence in the Absence of Telomerase
Authors: Menin Luca , Colombo Chiara Vittoria , Maestrini Giorgia , Longhese Maria Pia , Clerici Michela
Published: August 2019

Mecl/ATR and Tell/ATM trigger replicative senescence when telomeres become critically short in the absence of telomerase, but how Tell/ATM promotes senescence is still unclear. Menin et al. studied the functions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tel1 in senescence by using...

Telomeres progressively shorten at every round of DNA replication in the absence of telomerase. When they become critically short, telomeres trigger replicative senescence by activating a DNA damage response that is governed by the Mec1/ATR and Tel1/ATM protein kinases. While Mec1/ATR is known to block cell division when extended single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) accumulates at eroded telomeres, the molecular mechanism by which Tel1/ATM promotes senescence is still unclear. By characterizing a Tel1–hy184 mutant variant that compensates for the lack of Mec1 functions, we provide evidence that Tel1 promotes senescence by signaling to a Rad9-dependent checkpoint. Tel1–hy184 anticipates senescence onset in telomerase-negative cells, while the lack of Tel1 or the expression of a kinase-defective (kd) Tel1 variant delays it. Both Tel1–hy184 and Tel1–kd do not alter ssDNA generation at telomeric DNA ends. Furthermore, Rad9 and (only partially) Mec1 are responsible for the precocious senescence promoted by Tel1–hy184. This precocious senescence is mainly caused by the F1751I, D1985N, and E2133K amino acid substitutions, which are located in the FRAP–ATM–TRAPP domain of Tel1 and also increase Tel1 binding to DNA ends. Altogether, these results indicate that Tel1 induces replicative senescence by directly signaling dysfunctional telomeres to the checkpoint machinery.
Human-animal Hybrid Embryo Experiment: Gospel versus Disaster?
Authors: Springer Morgan , Wang Fuzhou , Jersey Juan H. , Will Donne
Published: August 2019

The academic debate on the study of human and animal embryos has never stopped. Despite the great expectations of scientists, the human-animal embryo hybrid experiment costs a lot and requires high technology as the endorsement, and is highly questioned internationally. Human and animal embryo experiments are contrary to ethics, and the results of cross-species hybrid embryos are unpredictable, or cause zoonotic diseases or human catastrophe. The human and animal parts of the human “chimera” embryo will develop independently, and the DNA of the two will not be mixed. It is still far from being able to use the organs obtained from the mixed embryos of humans and animals to carry out organ transplants to save more lives.
The Personal Make-up of the Vilnius Fatebenefratelli in the Second Half of the 17th and the 18th Centuries
Authors: Jakulis Martynas
Published: August 2019

This article addresses the fluctuations in the annual numbers of candidates accepted into the noviciate of the Fatebenefratelli, the numbers of novices who took vows, and those who withdrew from the noviciate by their own choice or were rejected; the age structure of novices, their geographical and social origins. The main sources for the study of the personal make-up of the Vilnius Fatebenefratelli (Ordo S. Joannis de Deo) are two books of novices (libri novitiorum) (1678‒1725, 1761‒1823) that supply the relevant personal information on 243 novices. The analysis revealed that 51% of the novices had successfully completed the noviciate, while others resigned by their own will or were rejected. Most candidates were aged between 18 and 37; however, the order’s internal structure and the short formation of novices allowed to accept older candidates. Most novices originated from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and mainly from the Vilnius, Navahrudak, Trakai palatinates and Samogitia. Most probably, this reflected the general trends of immigration to Vilnius as well as the lack of opportunities for religious vocations in Samogitia. The geographical origins of novices also show that candidates came from mainly rural localities, whereas only 30 originated from cities (including Vilnius) and towns. The sources do not adequately reveal the social origins of novices, and only sporadic mentions reveal some candidates to have come either from the nobility, towns- and tradespeople, or other groups. Nonetheless, considering their geographical origins and material status, it could be assumed that the majority of novices were of non-noble birth and originated from rural strata.
The Communist Revolt in Tallinn on the 1st of December 1924 and its Diplomatic Cover-Up
Authors: Butkus Zenonas
Published: August 2019

This article, based on the archives stored in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia and some recently published documents, investigates the coup attempted by the Soviets on December 1, 1924 in Tallinn and evaluates its consequences within the broad context of international relations. During the research, it was established that an attempt to stage a coup in Estonia had been undertaken both by the Estonian communists and the USSR leadership, which had the highest political body – the Politburo – and the Comintern, a self-crafted tool set up for spreading the communist movement around the world, at its disposal. Thus, the revolution was masterminded by the Soviet authorities, whereas the Estonian communists were mainly responsible for its implementation. The task of the coup leadership was to seize power and hold on to it for some time, long enough to request that the USSR “renders support.” Preparations were underway for such support. This is evidenced by military preparations in the northern regions of the USSR and the territory near the Estonian border as well as by the deployment of Soviet ships in the vicinity of Tallinn and the activities of the Soviet embassy located in the capital. The attempted coup turned into a putsch due to the maximum conspiracy of their organizers. The conspiracy was brought about by the then-public awareness that the revolutionary events in Germany in 1923 had been instigated by the Soviets. The attempted coup in Estonia failed due to the extraordinary defensive operations put up by the Estonian authorities and power structures as well as due to the failure to involve the workers and the other strata of society in the coup.

Latvia, Estonia’s only ally, was the first country to stand by Estonia’s side after the country withstood the attempted coup. The lessons were learnt not only by these two countries but by Lithuania as well. They began taking adequate measures to stifle communist activities. Neither France nor England or any other Western state made plans to deploy their fleets to the Baltic Sea to support the Estonians or at least show, in a demonstrative way, their support in such a trying time. They also failed to hold any diplomatic démarches against the Soviets opposing the export of revolution practiced by the Soviets. Due to diplomatic pressure imposed by the USSR, Estonia could not publicly and officially name the actual organizers of the putsch. As a result, only the local communists were indiscriminately accused. Such forced tactics, if only indirectly, had at least partially been influencing the area of historical research as well.

However, the sudden and unequivocal liquidation of the putsch in Tallinn could have prompted the USSR to no longer expand its revolutionary export to the West, and the “abstinence” of such kind had lasted until the Second World War. The war itself and the previous collusion with Adolf Hitler made it possible for Stalin to cherish even greater ambitions to renew the spread of communism in other countries.
Oppositions and their Member Nominations in the Conflict Communication Discourse of Rolandas Paksas (2003–2004)
Authors: Linkevičiūtė Vilma
Published: August 2019

The object of this article is the linguistic means of political conflict communication that are characteristic of the political discourse of the former President of the Republic of Lithuania, Rolandas Paksas (2003–2004). In modern democratic societies, political life is founded upon the actions of political parties, their duly elected leaders, and various political ideologies. In this context, political discourse, which records a variety of opinions and, frequently, their conflict, becomes an inseparable element of political culture. Conflict communication in political discourse may be perceived as the main research object of political linguistics, because the attack and winning of governmental positions occur in the context of the conflict of various political forces. That conflict is expressed through discourse. The aim of this study is to analyze how conflict communication was manifested in Lithuania during the period from 2003 to 2004. In political communication, an initial situation of verbal and non-verbal actions can become a source of conflict, while disapproval of such a situation is verbalized in political communication. Any individual who wants to influence political events becomes the subject of such communication. Moreover, this article discloses the fact that linguistic means are closely related to the ideology of the speaker and linguistic practices are conditioned by culture.
Częstochowa Journalists
Authors: Dzierżyńska-Mielczarek Jolanta
Published: August 2019

This article characterises a local journalist environment. The analysis was conducted on the example of Częstochowa—a city that is identified with the Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra by most Europeans. Symbolically, that identification seems reasonable, but Częstochowa is also an independent urban organism carrying out not only religious tasks. The Częstochowa journalist environment, along with local press, arose in the late 19th century. Because the city at that time had a population of only a few thousand residents and was under Russian occupation, the environment was represented by just several people, mostly originating from other cities or the Catholic clergy. Journalists in Częstochowa became a separate professional group between 1918 and 1939. Their number at that time did not exceed one hundred. They were decimated during World War II. In the People’s Republic of Poland, the Częstochowa journalists were deprived of their independence and forced to engage in numerous propaganda activities. The uniformisation of the press also caused a significant reduction on the part of the examined group, which from 1945–1989 numbered less than one hundred. Thanks to sociological research, we know that between 1989–2007, over 200 journalists worked in the Częstochowa media. In the overwhelming majority of cases, they performed their journalist work in a regular and systematic manner, receiving a salary that was their primary or only source of income.
Wierzbiński, Jarosław, 2012. Языковой монументализм в России ХХ века (диахроническая экспликация научных парадигм)
Authors: Lassan Eleonora
Published: August 2019

Wierzbiński, Jarosław, 2012. Языковой монументализм в России ХХ века (диахроническая экспликация научных парадигм). Łodz: Wydawnictwo UŁ. – 263 с.

Книга известного польского ученого-русиста интригует уже своим названием: это название отсылает к «Большому стилю» Сталина в изобразительных искусствах, призванному подчеркнуть, что мощная власть пришла всерьез и на­долго, к культуре, именуемой после появления книги Паперного «Культура-2». «Культура-2» – это сталинские небоскре­бы, ВДНХ, кантата Исаковского о вожде, тяжеловесный канцелярит номенклатур­ного языка и другие подобные им явле­ния» (Г. Хазагеров). Сам автор книги о языковом монументализме так объясняет ее название: «Заглавный термин монумен­тализм использован нами как метафора, чтобы подчеркнуть громоздкость языка коммунистической системы. Выражение языковой монументализм отражает соц­реалистическую гигантоманию в языке и предельную идеологизацию языковых структур»
Tatyana Larina’s Letter from Onegin’s Perspective
Authors: Greenbaum Oleg
Published: August 2019

This paper considers some issues of the rhythmical semantic analysis of the text of the letter written by Tatyana Larina, presented in the third chapter of A. S. Pushkin’s novel Eugene Onegin. Previous work in this area has been devoted to studying the structural and compositional peculiarities of the text, as well as to rhythmical and expressive aspects of the reader’s perception of Tatyana’s letter. The present study continues the selected method of analysis in a way related to the specific nature of this letter: the fragment of the novel is viewed as a separate text “inserted” into the whole, which can and should be read separately from the general course of the poetic narrative. The chosen approach allows us to examine the process of perception of Tatyana’s letter by the addressee, Onegin, and, at the same time, makes it possible to clarify Pushkin’s reasons for hiding the text of the letter from readers for so long, as though looking for the best time and place to present it. The study shows that the method of reading Tatyana’s letter as “separate” reveals that at the centre of the emotionally expressive perception of this text is the word “hope.” This fact helps to yield new evidence pointing to the reasons for Onegin’s ruthless and seemingly inadequate response to Larina’s letter.