bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Narrative Review of the Use of Augmented and Virtual Reality as an Alternate to Traditional Mirror Therapy in Dealing with Post Amputation Phantom Limb Pain (PLP)
Authors: Bhatnagar Aayushi , Chandi Dhruba
Published: February 2022

This article reviews the existing data on the use of augmented and virtual reality in the treatment of post amputation phantom limb pain (PLP) in order to curb the shortcomings of the treatment modality already in place: traditional mirror therapy. PLP is a highly prevalent condition- as high as used in 65%-70% amputees, which has many therapies in place varying from medicinal options such as anaesthetics, drugs that help cure depression and injections of botulism toxin, inter-positional treatments such as stimulation of spinal cord, correctional surgery and more. Visio- dynamic approaches such as reflective surface therapy (mirror) and augmented reality treatments which attempt at normalizing the representation of the amputated limb from the cortex and improving the correlation between the authentic and anticipated sensory feedback.  Previous studies have consistently demonstrated the efficacy of traditional therapy using mirrors in post upper limb amputation PLP where a setup with a mirror is used to trick the mind of the patient in making the patient see a reflection of the good limb and exercising it to give the effect of exercise of the amputated limb, however because of its crude setup, it proves to have a few limitations which can be overcome using virtual reality. Virtual reality is integrating in our lives today as video games and simulations. It has a lot of application in diagnosing, prophylaxis and treatment. Virtual reality is a boon to the medical field in the sense that it allows one to visualize and practice endlessly without needing any additional resources. Incorporating VR into the treatment, patient centered holistic care can be achievable and patient's quality of life and satisfaction can be improved.
Anaesthetic Management of Anaphylactic Shock Caused by ruptured Hydatid Cyst of the Liver: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Akoijam Nikhil , Verma Neeta , Madavi Sheetal
Published: February 2022

Hepatic hydatid disease is very common in developing nations. Although anaphylactic shock is a rare complication during anaesthesia, it can present with severe cardiovascular shock and hypersensitive reactions during surgical removal of hydatid cyst, requiring prompt emergency management. We report a case of 43 year old female posted for elective removal of hydatid cyst in the right lobe of liver under general anaesthesia. An anaesthesist should be aware of the “tell-tale” signs of anaphylaxis and be prepared for early and prompt treatment of anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic prophylaxis and close monitoring for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of anaphylaxis are essential to avert any complications associated with anaphylactic shock.
Comparative Evaluation and Co-relation of Difficult Airway and Temporomandibular Joint Disorder in Skeletal Class II Vertical Growth Pattern and Class-I Malocclusion – An Observational Study
Authors: Rathi Shruti , Gilani Rizwan
Published: February 2022

Introduction:  In the recent years it is observed that there has been increase in the no. of cases of Temporomandibular joint disorder and TMJ pain related problem, many of patients go undiagnosed and may transform into irreversible severe cases if the predisposing factors are present. There are different clinical and radiographical methods of diagnosing TMD cases, and one of the simplest ways to diagnose and categorize a Temporomandibular disorder is Helkimo index. The present study is encouraged to measure difficult airway, in Class II malocclusion with TMD.

Materials and Method: The observational study will be conducted in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics department, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (M), Wardha in collaboration with department of Radiology, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Hospital. Sawangi (M), Wardha. Total 30 patient in age group of 20 to 50 years, will be selected from the patients coming to Out Patient Department (OPD) of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Wardha. MRI of patients with skeletal class II vertical growth pattern and class I malocclusion having temporomandibular joint disorder will be taken and then airway is to be evaluated.

Expected Results: It is expected that individuals with skeletal class II vertical growth pattern and class I malocclusion with temporomandibular joint disorder may have a compromised airway.

Conclusion: No such study has been carried out to evaluate co-relation of difficult airway and temporomandibular joint disorder. Thus, this study aims to evaluate it in skeletal class II vertical growth pattern and class I malocclusion.
A Review on Meniere’s Disease: Clinical Features Pathological Changes and Management
Authors: Wadgaonkar Apurv , Jain Shraddha
Published: February 2022

The differential analysis of Meniere's contamination stays tough a hundred and forty-six years after its authentic description. The modern-day examine goals to look at present facts at the advantages and downsides of novel diagnostic strategies for Meniere's infection. The importance of accurate analysis for number one care structures is likewise emphasized. An assessment of the thesis became carried out the use of Pubmed, medline and so on and different to be had database sources. There became extra data from net hyperlinks and applicable publications. The following papers have been chosen: Cohort research studies, retrospective cohort research, cross-sectional research, case reports, written guidelines, systematic reviews, and novels are all examples of managed medical trials. Generally, the conventional scientific triad of vestibular and cochlear gadget signs and symptoms (recurrent vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural listening to loss, and tinnitus) is the important thing to medical prognosis. In present day practise, the principal diagnostic methods are the glycerol dehydration check and electrocochleography, even though vestibular potentials can be utilised within side the contamination grading. Imaging strategies aren't particular sufficient to rule out different illnesses, they'll be required to rule out Meniere's ailment. Meniere's infection is a steady supply of difficulty for patients and has a down effect on their best of life. Given the superiority of the circumstance in a few countries, measures to make certain correct analysis, short referral, and proper control are certainly reasonably-priced for healthcare structures.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Indapamide by using UV VIS Spectrophotometry and RPHPLC in Bulk and Dosage Form
Authors: Kumari T. Prasanna , Kumar B. Tharun , Malothu Narender
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive UV spectroscopic and RP-HPLC method for the analysis of Amlodipine Besylate and Indapamide in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form by using the most commonly employed C-18 column with UV-detection. Acetonitrile: acetate buffer pH-5 (40: 60 % v/v) with 1.2 mL / min flow rate was selected as mobile phase.In the HPLC method, the conditions were optimized to obtain an adequate separation of components. Initially, various mobile phase compositions were tried to separate active ingredients. This method has been found to be better than previously reported methods, due to its wider range of linearity, use of readily available mobile phase, lack of extraction procedures. Hence thesemethodscould be used in quality control for routine analysis of finished products of amlodipine besylate and Indapamide simultaneously without any interference.
Predictive Model of Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 Cutting Edge Research
Authors: Gapat Sanket Santosh , Meshram Komal , Patil Praful
Published: February 2022

COVID19 is a global pandemic spread to over 170 nations and regions. In virtually all nations impacted, the number of illnesses and fatalities has skyrocketed. Predictive approaches may be implemented to aid in developing improved plans and the making of sound judgments. These technologies analyze previous events to better anticipate what will occur in the future. These forecasts can aid in the planning of anticipated hazards and repercussions. In order to provide reliable projections, forecasting technology is critical. The prediction technology in this study is divided into two categories: random theoretical mathematical models and data science/machine learning technology. Forecasting relies heavily on data obtained from multiple platforms. Big data acquired from the World Health Organization/national database and social media communications were the two types of data sets examined in this study. The influence of environmental variables, the incubation time, the impact of isolation, age, gender, and other characteristics may all be used to forecast the pandemic. In this paper, the methodologies and factors utilized for prediction have been thoroughly examined. Forecasting technology, on the other hand, comes with its own set of difficulties (technical and general). This study examines these issues and offers a series of advice for those who are presently fighting the global COVID-19 epidemic.

Aim: Predictive Model of Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 Cutting Edge Research.

Conclusion: To get more accurate global forecasts, the models suggested in the literature must be evaluated on a worldwide scale. Multiple peaks should be included in the model for similar reasons, not just for short-term forecasting but also for anticipating outbreaks later this year. The study also highlighted the limitations of various prediction models and provided practical advice for dealing with the outbreak.
Effect of Neuro-Developmental Treatment versus Passive Stretching Exercises on Spastic Diplegic Cerebral palsy for Improving Posture: A Research Protocol
Authors: Parkhi Rutuja , Samal Snehal S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Cerebral Palsy can be defined as a cluster of disorders acting on a person’s movement, posture, and balance. Cerebral Palsy, which affects 2 to 3 out of every 1000 live births, is caused by a variety of factors, including brain injury which can affect movement, posture, and balance. It’s linked to the perinatal period in about 92% of cases. Premature birth, perinatal infections, intrauterine growth restrictions, multiple gestations, and other risk factors are all factors to consider. This disorder prevents normal motor function Development. This protocol was developed to describe the design of an interventional study for the evaluation of the effect of Neuro-developmental treatment with conventional therapy and Passive Stretching with conventional therapy on improving posture in diplegic spastic Cerebral Palsy patients.

Methods: Participants (n=70) with spastic diplegic Cerebral Palsy who meet the included criteria will be hired for the study. Patients in group A will receive Neuro-Developmental treatment and conventional therapy, while patients in group B will receive Passive Stretching with conventional therapy. The Treatment protocol will last 6 weeks. Regular evaluations will take place. The Modified Ashworth Scale and the Gross Motor Function Classification System are going to be used to assess our progress.

Discussion: The intervention’s efficacy will be assessed by analyzing gross motor functions with the help of Gross Motor Function Classification System and spasticity level using Modified Ashworth Scale. Study and analysis will significantly support the use of Neuro-Developmental treatment with conventional therapy and Passive Stretching in conjunction with conventional therapy in Cerebral Palsy patients.
A Study Protocol on Assessment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signalling Pathway as a Predictive Molecular Marker in Triple-Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast
Authors: Vodithala Sahitya , Bhake Arvind
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The Indian scenario is no different for the breast cancer mortality. Breast cancers have occupied the prominence not only for their incidence but the pace too. The researchers have studied numerous pathways vastly and widely in the past two decades to ascertain the prognosis and treatment outcome determinants popularly called predictive markers for breast cancer. One such cell signalling pathway that has raised the hope by assessing success for breast cancer is the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway for a molecular subtype of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), which is challenging to treat therapeutically. This study aims to assess the EGFR pathway and its sub pathways in Triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) and correlate the abnormalities of expressions in the EGFR pathway in TNBC for its therapeutic implications.

Materials and Methods:  This will be an observational cross-sectional study. Forty cases of TNBC will be selected.  There will be 10 cases each in 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, and 61 years onwards. Cases will undergo histological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, and Her2neu, IHC for EGFR, BRAF, Kras, and MAP kinase on histological sections, Polymerase chain reaction( PCR) for Kras. Data will be collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results: A significant correlation of EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, and MAP kinase is expected in the pathogenesis of triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma.

Conclusion: The results can be put to the commercial advantage for clinical trials of the new drug development targeting anti-EGFR and other antibodies.
Medicinal Properties of Zingiber officinale
Authors: Ahmed Ariba Ashfaque , Jogdand Sangeeta
Published: February 2022

Zingiber officinale stands in the family Zingiberaceae. Ginger has rich phytochemistry plays a very pivotal role in health promotion. This research is aimed to review the current evidence on the various medicinal properties of ginger. Ginger is known to exert a wide range of pharmacological as well as physiological activities. Since time immemorable, it has been in use for the medicaments of various illnesses, like colds, headache, sore throat, migraines, hypertension, arthritis. Owing to this, this plant's pharmacological and medicinal properties have been a popular topic of review and research. This herb shows several puissant preventive and therapeutic actions and finds its extensive usage for ages to the present day for numerous ailments. Ginger exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which help decrease swelling, pain, and inflammation. One of the known and the most frequent usage of ginger has been to relieve the patients of nausea and vomiting. Ginger works as an antiemetic and is recommended to prevent sea sickness and motion sickness. It relieves motion sickness more effectively than specific drugs. Zingiber officinale has been identified to reduce pain. Ginger powder plays an influential role in mitigating the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Experimental studies have confirmed ginger’s role in reducing blood glucose levels improvement of hyperlipidemia. Ginger extract has been instrumental in reducing the structural abnormalities of heart in diabetic and helps improve the levels of serum apo, cathepsin G, leptin, Hcy and with anti oxidative effects of extract from ginger. Ginger supplementation enhances testosterone production in males, particularly in oxidative stress conditions.
Case Report on Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding with Anemia
Authors: Raut Pallavi , Meshram Khushabu , Kolhekar Sonali , Sakharwade Prerana , Khandar Jaya , Pohekar Savita , Gujar Samruddhi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The most prevalent condition seen in the gynecology outpatient department is abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). AUB can be caused by a variety of conditions 1. A 42 year female who have chief complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding   is bleeding from the uterus that is longer than usual or that occurs at an irregular time. several characteristics of underlying hereditary or acquired blood disorders increase the "anticipated" hormonal imbalance at this age, hence worsening the morbidity of the underlying condition axis .Despite the fact that blood problems can cause AUB, uterine structural and/or endocrine abnormalities are frequently missed when a blood illness is present [1]. Hematologists and gynecologists, as well as adolescent medicine experts, must work to get her to treat a complex etiology [2,3].

Patient History: A 42 year old female was admitted in AVBRH in gynec ward sawangi meghe wardha with chief complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding since 2 month, abdominal pain since 1 week, weakness.

Medical Management: Patient treated with anticoagulant, antibiotic, iron supplement.

Nursing Management: Administrative IV fluid monitor vital sign, and medication given by doctor’s order.

Conclusion: Women should be asked about their previous menstrual cycle, regularity, desire for reproduction, contraception, and sexual health by their primary care providers. If abnormal uterine bleeding is detected at the primary care level, additional history, examination, and testing can be undertaken, and appropriate consultations can be scheduled. Timely treatment and management of abnormal uterine bleeding with anemia.
A Case Report on Pyloric Stenosis in Infants
Authors: Petkar Bhushan M. , Meshram Khushbu , Khandar Jaya , Kasturkar Pooja , Sakharwade Prerana , Tembhare Vaishali , Sakharkar Shital
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Pyloric stenosis also known as pylorostenosis or specifically as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the tapering (stenosis) of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The term “pylorus” indicates “gate”. The thickened pylorus is feels as an olive shaped abnormal mass in the upper right hypochondriac and epigastrium region of the infant’s abdomen.

Clinical Findings: Frequent vomiting after feeding which is projectile,non-bilious, in nature. Continual hunger, dehydration, alterations in bowel movements, weight issues.

Diagnostic Evaluation: History collection (family history), physical examination (olive shaped mass) at epigastrium, hematological test (CBC), biochemistry test (KFT) (electrolyte imbalance). Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen:- thickened pylorus (<3mm), narrowed pyloric lumen, gastric content can not pass to duodenum, superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein located without altered position.

Therapeutic Interventions: Inj. Cefotaxim 1gm 1.4ml IV × BD (Antibiotics), Inj. Pantodex 40mg 2ml IV × OD (proton-pump-inhibitor), Inj. Temfix 100ml 50ml IV ×BD (antipyretic analgesic), IV Fluids.

Surgical Interventions: Fred-Ramstedt’s Pyloromyotomy.

Outcome: After treatment, infant show improvement. His frequent vomiting has been stopped and hunger problem resolved, baby starts gaining weight after surgery.

Conclusion: My patient was 1 month 10 days old when he was admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) with the chief complaint of frequent vomiting, persistent hunger, weight loss, and dehydration. After a thorough physical examination and a variety of tests, he was diagnosed with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Ultra Violet and Visible Light as Therapeutic Tools for COVID-19
Authors: Masilamani V. , Shree R. Vidhya , Al-Saleh Wafa M , Courrol Lilia Coronato
Published: February 2022

Covid-19 is a disease which has become pandemic because of transmission of the tiny, single stranded virus, called SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-2.  It has infected so far 168 million people with a death toll of 3.6 million in 210 countries. The world has seen worse pandemics but this COVID 19 is the most widespread in the human history quite probably due to the global travels.

A few vaccines for this disease is still in different stages of trial and acceptance and there are only three ways of prevention: 1. Avoiding crowds, 2. Wearing a mask when you go out and 3 Keeping hands clean. 

The contents presented in this article are the innovations that employ light as the fourth dimension of corona prevention and therapy. One can use UVC (at 222 nm from an excimer lamp or LED or the fourth harmonic of Nd YAG laser at 266nm) for direct irradiation on oral cavity; or visible light (450 nm from blue LED or white light from a handy mobile) for photodynamic   action with curcumin (of common house hold turmeric) as the photo sensitizer. Both could work as therapeutic tools of significant potency.
A Case Report On: Guillain – Barre Syndrome
Authors: Hedau Ayushi , Sakharkar Sheetal , Ankar Ruchira , Raut Arati , Gujar Samrudhi , Dhengare Archna , Lokhande Shalini , Pande Khushbu , Sakharwade Prerna
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Guillain berry syndrome is also called as landry’s paralysis. It is the disorder included in the peripheral neuropathy. In guillian berre syndrome, the patient’s body’s immune system attacks on the nerves. This condition may also triggered by the bacterial infections as well as some of the viral infections. GBS is a rare syndrome approximately there were only 1-2 cases per 1,00000 people annually. Men are more likely affected than that of womens. This syndrome is names after a French physicion Gorgous Guillian and Jean Alxzandre Barre and strohl who described it in 1916.

Clinical Findings: weakness, difficulty in breathing, difficult to hold the breath till 5 second, fatigue, elevated blood pressure, difficulty in speaking.

Pheripheral Smear: RBCS _ normal range, atrophy is seen.

Ultrasonography: Enlargement of vagus nerve.

Therapeutic Interventions: DNS 380 ml intravenous, plasma exchange theraphy, inj. Ceftriaxone, syrup Phenytoyin 9.5 ml. syrup rdpen 10 ml. syp calcimax 10 ml, tab folic acid 5 mg, tab limcee 500 mg, tab baclofenac 10 mg, NEB 3% NACL, inj pantop 15 mg.

Outcomes: After the treatment, the child shows improvement. His weakness and fatigue ger relieved and pain in muscle had relieved.

Conclusion: A 5 years old male child was admitted in the prdiatric ward no. 18 , Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital on date 31 july 2021 with a case of Guillian Barre Syndrome (GBS). He had the complaint of weakness, fatigue, lack of co-ordination, difficulty in swallowing .After getting an appropriate treatment, the patient’s condition has improved than that of previous.
A Study on the Acquisition of Identification Information from Warship Image with Deep Learning
Authors: Kang Jiyoung , Kim Wooju
Published: February 2022

Identifying warships contacted at sea is important to prepare for threats. It is necessary to obtain a basis to identify warships. In this study, we propose a 2-step model that acquires the warship's type and hullnumber with identification information from the warship images. The model classifies the warship's type and detects its hullnumber area by applying object detection, then recognizes hullnumber through text recognition algorithms. Proposed model achieved high performance by using state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms.
Managing Phase Orientation and Crystallinity of Printed Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskite Layers via Controlling Crystallization Kinetics
Authors: Chen Yijun , Hu Jinlong , Xu Zhenhua , Jiang Zhengyan , Chen Shi , Xu Baomin , Xiao Xiudi , Liu Xianhu , Forberich Karen , Brabec Christoph J. , Mai Yaohua , Guo Fei
Published: February 2022

Two‐dimensional perovskites have attracted substantial attention for solar cell applications because of their higher stability as compared to their 3D analogs. To achieve efficient charge transport in thin‐film devices, obtaining high crystalline perovskite crystals perpendicularly aligned to the substrate is of great importance. This article reports the scalable printing of high‐quality Dion–Jacobson (DJ) perovskite thin films via tailoring crystallization kinetics. Introducing a small amount of 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone to the conventional N,N‐dimethylformamide:dimethyl sulfoxide‐based precursor, the strong coordination with ammonium spacers enables a notably retarded crystallization, which results in perovskite films with distinctly enhanced crystallinity, highly vertical orientation, and graded phase distribution. Accordingly, efficient charge generation and ultrafast interphase charge transfer are realized. The champion DJ perovskite device delivers a high current density of 17.10 mA cm–2, an impressive open‐circuit voltage of 1.21 V, leading to a stabilized efficiency of 16.19%. In addition, the devices processed from the ternary solvent exhibit remarkably improved stability under stimuli with light, heat, and humidity, benefiting from their superb phase stability. This work demonstrates an important advancement in scalable deposition of DJ perovskite thin films for efficient and stable photovoltaic devices.
Hints for a General Understanding of the Epitaxial Rules for van der Waals Epitaxy from Ge‐Sb‐Te Alloys
Authors: Arciprete Fabrizio , Boschker Jos Emiel , Cecchi Stefano , Zallo Eugenio , Bragaglia Valeria , Calarco Raffaella
Published: February 2022

In this study, a generalized guideline is identified to predict the interaction between two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials and substrate surfaces. Additionally, the van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures commensurability, the phase formation and the strain relaxation are identified during interface growth. To achieve such a general overview, the case of Ge‐Sb‐Te (GST) alloys on InAs(111) is studied. In this system, low‐lattice mismatch conditions are fulfilled to avoid relaxation due to formation of misfit dislocations and allow to correctly identify vdW epitaxy. At the same time, the substrate can be efficiently prepared into self‐ and un‐passivated surfaces to clarify the role of the surface interaction. Furthermore, the GST epilayer exhibits two different highly ordered 2D structures and a three‐dimensional disordered structure, allowing to directly infer the nature of the epitaxy. This study opens the way for the design and mastering of vdW epitaxial growth of 2D heterostructures as well as hybrid 2D and non‐layered materials.
Role of Fiber Thickness and Surface Treatment of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Matrices on the Growth of Different Breast Cancer‐Associated Cells
Authors: Sivakumar Sankaranarayanan , Schmid Rafael , Wieland Annalena , Strissel Pamela L. , Strick Reiner , Fischer Lena , Thievessen Ingo , Kataev Elmar , Arkudas Andreas , Horch Raymund E. , Schubert Dirk W. , Kengelbach‐Weigand Annika
Published: February 2022

Cancer models mimicking the tumor microenvironment are necessary to successfully develop and predict responses of oncological drugs. In this study, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices are tested for the development of an in vitro breast cancer model. The effects of fiber thickness and plasma‐treatment of the matrices on in vitro growth of breast cancer‐associated cells, namely breast cancer cells MDA‐MB‐231, primary adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and primary endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are evaluated. Surface treatment of the matrices by air‐plasma leads to increased oxygen/carbon ratio and hydrophilicity. WST‐8 analysis reveals that the proliferation of all three cell types increased exponentially over 12 d on all matrices. MDA‐MB‐231 and ADSC show a higher proliferation on nanofibers due to enhanced cellular adhesion compared to microfibers. In contrast, EPCs show a significantly higher proliferation on microfibers than on nanofibers at day 12 which can further be significantly improved by air‐plasma treatment. Cross‐sectioning analysis shows that cells grow on the surface of nanofibers, while microfibers have considerable cellular infiltration. These findings suggest that the electrospun PCL matrices are a suitable tool for the development of breast cancer models containing several cell types, which can ultimately lead to designing novel tumor therapies.
Domain‐Engineered Flexible Ferrite Membrane for Novel Machine Learning Based Multimodal Flexible Sensing
Authors: Shen Lvkang , Liu Ming , Lu Lu , Ma Chunrui , Jiang Changjun , You Caiyin , Zhang Jiaheng , Zhao Weiwei , Geng Li , Jia Chun‐Lin
Published: February 2022

Flexible materials and devices that can simultaneously reflect multimodal information are highly desired for novel flexible electronics and intelligent flexible sensing systems. In this regard, flexible magnetic films have great potential for wireless multimodal flexible sensor due to the curvature and azimuth angle‐dependent ferromagnetic resonance. However, a key challenge now is to build the precise relationship among the mechanical bending, azimuth angle, and the ferromagnetic resonance of the film, which involves multi‐physics and coupled process. In this work, the physical problem is solved by combining material engineering and machine learning. Material domain engineering is applied to form localized multi‐peak ferromagnetic resonance features for increasing sensitivity. Besides, convolutional neural network algorithm is utilized to help recognize the bending and azimuth angle modulated ferromagnetic resonance in flexible film systems. It is found that the bending information for the flexible film with engineered domain structure can be mapped to the ferromagnetic profile with accuracy over 99%, while the accuracy sharply decreases to less than 50% in the control group of high‐quality film. This study provides a versatile platform for developing machine learning‐based novel sensing materials.
Smart Synthetic and Surface‐Engineering Approaches to Functionalize 2D Black Phosphorus for Real‐Setting Applications
Authors: Moschetto Salvatore , Prescimone Federico , Bolognesi Margherita , Toffanin Stefano
Published: February 2022

Phosphorene or 2D black phosphorus (2D bP) has attracted increasing attention within material scientists in the last decade due to its electronic and photophysical properties as a pristine material. Furthermore, the high chemical reactivity of 2D bP enables the engineering of the outermost superficial layers. This tailored functionalization allows to obtain 2D bP‐based systems such as heterostructures with multiple and/or nonstandard functional properties that can be straightforwardly exploited for real‐setting applications. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art on the different strategies in the functionalization of 2D bP such as chemical reactivity with organic molecules, decoration with metal and metal‐oxide nanoparticles, passivation with thin layers of metal oxides or polymers, van der Waals coupling with different inorganic 2D materials, blending into polymeric composites. The main physical and chemical properties of all the considered heterostructures and as‐realized derivatives of 2D bP, with a particular focus on the increase of stability in air, are described. Finally, the functional characteristics of each system which are correlated to and involved in the development of specific real‐setting applications, spanning from catalysis, to electronics and optoelectronics, to energy conversion and storage and biodiagnostics, are highlighted.
Platinum Clusters Anchored Amorphous NiMo Hydroxide with Collaborative Electronic Transfer for Overall Water Splitting under High Current Density
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Han Yi , Cai Wenwen , Zhang Dan , Wang Zuochao , Li Hongdong , Sun Yuyao , Zhang Yanyun , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: February 2022

The development of efficient and stable bifunctional catalysts to meet overall water splitting at high current densities is attractive, but also challenging. Here, a simple one‐step chloride ion etching method to in situ synthesis of platinum (Pt) clusters anchored on amorphous nickel molybdenum hydroxide/nickel foam nanosheets (Pt‐NiMo‐OH/NF) at room temperature is used. Pt‐NiMo‐OH/NF has better catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution (OER) than Pt/C/NF and RuO2/NF. The overall water splitting required only 1.83 V versus RHE to reach 1000 mA cm−2, and showed good stability and catalytic activity in 160 h. The excellent catalytic performance and stability of Pt‐MiMo‐OH/NF may be due to the collaborative electron transfer between Pt and amorphous NiMo‐OH leads to an increase in the electron density of Pt clusters, which optimizes the binding energy of Pt and H. At the same time, it induces the formation of high‐valence Ni and Mo, thereby promoting the dissociation of water and the production of OER active substances. This work provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of water splitting catalysts at high current density.
Epitaxially Constrained Grain Boundary Structures in an Oxide Honeycomb Monolayer
Authors: Wang Shuqiu , Hu Xiao , Goniakowski Jacek , Noguera Claudine , Castell Martin R.
Published: February 2022

Grain boundaries (GBs) are ubiquitous in solids. Their description is critical for understanding polycrystalline materials and explaining their mechanical and electrical properties. A GB in a 2D material can be described as a line defect and its atomic structures have been intensively studied in materials such as graphene. These GBs accommodate the relative rotation of two neighboring grains by incorporating periodic units consisting of nonhexagonal rings along the boundary. Zero‐degree GBs, called domain boundaries (DBs), where there is only a lattice offset between two grains without any rotation, are rare in 2D van‐der‐Waals (vdW) bonded materials where the grains can easily move. However, this movement is not possible in 2D materials that have a strong epitaxial relationship with their substrate such as the M2O3 (2 × 2) honeycomb monolayers on noble metal (111) supports. Involving experimental and theoretical investigations, four main DBs are observed here in a monolayer of Ti2O3 supported on Au(111) and their atomic structures are solved. The DB formation energies explain why some DBs are more frequently observed than others. The strong epitaxial constraint from the Au(111) substrate stabilizes some unique Ti2O3 monolayer DB structures that are not observed in vdW‐bonded 2D materials.
Highly Sensitive Direct‐Conversion Vacuum Flat‐Panel X‐Ray Detectors Formed by Ga2O3‐ZnO Heterojunction Cold Cathode and ZnS Target and their Photoelectron Multiplication Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Chen Manni , Wang Chengyun , Wang Kai , Deng Shaozhi , Chen Jun
Published: February 2022

X‐ray detectors are significantly applied in medical diagnoses, industrial inspections, and scientific researches, but the detection sensitivity is limited by the material, device structure, and detection mechanism. This article proposes a direct‐conversion flat‐panel X‐ray detector formed by Ga2O3‐ZnO heterojunction cold cathode and ZnS target to achieve highly sensitive X‐ray detection. The field emission efficiency of Ga2O3‐ZnO heterojunction cold cathode is improved by optimizing the spacing between the adjacent circular pattern in patterned ZnO nanowire arrays. The electron–hole pairs generated by X‐ray photons are multiplied in ZnS target by the electron bombardment induced photoconductivity effect, resulting in a high internal gain (1 × 104%) and a high X‐ray detection sensitivity (7.1 × 102 μCGyair−1 cm−2) for 6 keV X‐ray at 9.2 V μm−1 electric field. In addition, the proposed detector has low dark current density (50 pA mm−2 at 9.2 V μm–1 electric field), good stability (0.2% fluctuation for 60 s), and fast response speed (rise time: 5.3 ms) owing to a built‐in electric field in Ga2O3‐ZnO heterojunction, a ballistic electron transportation in vacuum gap, and a high resistance in ZnS thin film.
Direct Photoelectric Storage of Solar Energy in C‐Rich Polymeric Carbon Nitride Cell: Mechanism and Performance Improvement
Authors: Zhang Ling , Tang Xiao , Li Yanhong , Wang Xihui , Ling Faling , Jing Chuan , Zhou Xianju , Xiang Guotao , Liu Tingting
Published: February 2022

The photochargeable materials have drawn growing research interest for the application of direct photoelectric storage of solar energy. Carbon‐rich conjugated carbon nitride polymers with hybrid π‐conjugated structure combining heptazine motifs with graphitic carbon rings have drawn a lot of attention for the extended conjugation length, tunable band gap, and 2D thin‐layer structure. The carbon‐rich polymeric carbon nitride (CPCN) with a band gap of 1.74 eV is successfully applied in direct photoelectric storage of solar energy. However, the ambiguous underlying mechanism limits the performance improvement. Herein, the relationship of microstructure and photoelectrochemical properties of the CPCN material is further investigated using the techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the ratio of conjugated CNC to CCC on the band edge positions of the CPCN material, which directly relates to electron transport paths of the photo‐charging and discharging processes, is revealed. With the diffusion‐controlled charge storage regime, the CPCN cell obtains a specific capacity of 44.6 C g–1.
A Flexible and Ultra‐Wideband Terahertz Wave Absorber Based on Pyramid‐Shaped Carbon Nanotube Array via Femtosecond‐Laser Microprocessing and Two‐Step Transfer Technique
Authors: Xiao Dongyang , Chen Weiliang , Sun Leimeng , Zhu Minmin , Ng Zhi Kai , Teo Edwin Hang Tong , Zhang Jingyu , Hu Fangjing
Published: February 2022

High and uniform absorption capabilities of terahertz (THz) waves in an ultra‐broadband range is desirable for many THz functional devices. Nowadays, it is still challenging to fabricate flexible THz absorbers with a uniformly high absorptance across the entire THz band merely based on traditional bulk materials. Engineered metamaterials absorbers utilize impedance matching to reduce the surface reflection at a single frequency, and can achieve near‐unity power absorption within a relatively narrow bandwidth. In this work, a fabrication strategy combining a femtosecond‐laser microprocessing process and a two‐step‐transfer technique is demonstrated for the realization of vertically‐aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays with pyramid‐shaped unit cells for THz wave absorptions. To transfer the structured VACNT array from the silicon to the flexible PDMS/Cu/PET substrate, the temperature and pressure dependences of the transfer process are systematically investigated. The fabricated THz absorber demonstrates an average power absorptance over 98.9% from 0.1 to 2.5 THz, and can function well in bended states and after 300 times bending cycles. The proposed fabrication strategy is expected to be used for the patterning of VACNTs and other nanomaterials, and advance the development of novel THz devices for various applications.
Turing Structured Au/Graphene Oxide‐Polyethylene Glycol Thin Film for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Trace Dye
Authors: Khan Amin , Hussain Shabab , Peng Xinsheng
Published: February 2022

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been hailed as one of the most powerful approaches in detecting compounds with trace amount. However, difficulties with the SERS substrate, including its instability, technological dependence, and the lack of hotspots, often obstruct its practical use. To address these issues, herein, unique Turing structured gold‐coated graphene oxide‐polyethylene glycol (GO‐PEG) SERS substrate is designed, which presents a highly stable and pre/posttreatment‐free substrate with enhanced hotspots to detect a hazardous azo dye (methyl orange, MO) in trace amount (10−5 m). An exciting enhancement factor (EF) of 2.4 × 107 is obtained from GO‐PEG substrate compared with the conventional planar SERS substrate, owing to the increased hotspots and fluorescence quenching of MO molecules. Turing patterns remain structurally intact, even after 10 days of preparation, showing the dependability of the SERS substrate. Furthermore, the enhanced SERS signals are obtained at a high laser power of 12 mW, which also shows the stability of prepared substrate at harsh operating conditions. This study has the potential to radically change the way. SERS substrates are utilized in trace detection and accelerate the development of new pattern‐based SERS platforms for trace‐level material detection.
Multiomics Analysis Reveals the Impact of Microbiota on Host Metabolism in Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Zeybel Mujdat , Arif Muhammad , Li Xiangyu , Altay Ozlem , Yang Hong , Shi Mengnan , Akyildiz Murat , Saglam Burcin , Gonenli Mehmet Gokhan , Yigit Buket , Ulukan Burge , Ural Dilek , Shoaie Saeed , Turkez Hasan , Nielsen Jens , Zhang Cheng , Uhlén Mathias , Borén Jan , Mardinoglu Adil
Published: February 2022

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex disease involving alterations in multiple biological processes regulated by the interactions between obesity, genetic background, and environmental factors including the microbiome. To decipher hepatic steatosis (HS) pathogenesis by excluding critical confounding factors including genetic variants and diabetes, 56 heterogenous MAFLD patients are characterized by generating multiomics data including oral and gut metagenomics as well as plasma metabolomics and inflammatory proteomics data. The dysbiosis in the oral and gut microbiome is explored and the host–microbiome interactions based on global metabolic and inflammatory processes are revealed. These multiomics data are integrated using the biological network and HS's key features are identified using multiomics data. HS is finally predicted using these key features and findings are validated in a follow‐up cohort, where 22 subjects with varying degree of HS are characterized.
Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Stabilize SOD1 from Ubiquitination‐Proteasome Degradation to Rescue Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Zhou Tangjun , Yang Xiao , Chen Zhiqian , Yang Yangzi , Wang Xin , Cao Xiankun , Chen Chen , Han Chen , Tian Haijun , Qin An , Fu Jingke , Zhao Jie
Published: February 2022

Discography often destroys the hypoxic environment in the intervertebral disc and accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Therefore, it often fails to meet the requirements for application in clinical practice. This technology mainly increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the IVD. As so, it is particularly critical to develop strategies to avoid this degeneration mechanism. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are found to enhance development under magnetic resonance T1 and have antioxidant enzyme activity. The key results of the present study confirm that PBNPs alleviate intracellular oxidative stress and increase the intracellular activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). PBNPs can rescue nucleus pulposus cell degeneration by increasing oxidoreductase system‐related mRNA and proteins, especially by stabilizing SOD1 from ubiquitination‐proteasome degradation, thus improving the mitochondrial structure to increase antioxidation ability, and finally rescuing ROS‐induced IVDD in a rat model. Therefore, it is considered that PBNPs can be a potential antioxidation‐protective discography contrast agent.
Amorphization of Metal Nanoparticles by 2D Twisted Polymer for Super Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Shao Xiaodong , Liang Mengfang , Kumar Ashwani , Liu Xinghui , Jin Haiyan , Ajmal Sara , Bui Viet Quoc , Bui Huong Thi Diem , Lee Jinsun , Tran Ngoc Quang , Yu Jianmin , Cho Yunhee , Kim Min Gyu , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: February 2022

Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of water in an alkaline solution is a promising technology for clean hydrogen energy. Amorphous materials show much better performance than their crystalline counterparts. However, it is still challenging to design amorphous metal materials. Here, a series of amorphous transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) is successfully synthesized using a twisted covalent organic network (CON) that can provide twisted carbon layers as well as asymmetrically distributed nitrogen. With the fixed monomer pore, a low loading amount of RuCl3 results in amorphous‐only Ru nanoclusters (NCs, 1.5 nm), while a high content of RuCl3 leads to crystalline dominant Ru NPs (3 nm). The mixed phased Ru‐CON catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) shows extremely low overpotential at 10 mA cm–2 (12.8 mV in 1.0 m KOH) and superior stability (after 100 h test, current loss 5.3% at 75 mA cm–2). More importantly, amorphous‐only Ru‐CON with smaller Ru NCs shows much better mass activity and considerable stability compared to mixed‐phase Ru‐CON materials since amorphous Ru NPs can provide more active sites than in their crystalline state. With this strategy, amorphous Fe NPs and Ir NPs are successfully prepared for extended applications, and the HER activities are reported.
Exciton Binding Energy of Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptors
Authors: Zhu Yufan , Zhao Fuwen , Wang Wei , Li Yawen , Zhang Shiming , Lin Yuze
Published: February 2022

The past three years have witnessed the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) rocketing to over 18%, due to outstanding advantages of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). However, large exciton binding energy (Eb) caused by strong Coulombic force is still one of the main limiting factors for high‐performance OSCs. Thus, it is critical to reduce theEbfor further enhancement of device performance. Many strategies have been developed to reduce theEbof organic materials previously. In this perspective, the calculation methods forEband the relationship betweenEband voltage loss (Vloss) are discussed. Then, the effects of the properties of small‐molecule acceptors onEbfrom the perspectives of fused‐ring donor cores, end groups, side chains, and molecular packing are discussed. Finally, the potential directions for reducingEband pointing out the trade‐off betweenEband bandgaps/miscibility are put forward. It is hoped that this perspective could provide a new thinking of a molecular design for the breakthrough of OSCs.
Water‐Enabled Electricity Generation: A Perspective
Authors: Zhao Xiaoye , Shen Daozhi , Duley Walter W. , Tan Caiwang , Zhou Y. Norman
Published: February 2022

Harvesting energy from the environment offers many opportunities for the generation of clean power from self‐sustained systems and provides great promise for ameliorating the growing threat of the global environmental issues and the energy crisis. Ambient moisture and natural water sources have attracted huge research interest in the field of energy harvesting and conversion due to easy access, good sustainability, and the ubiquity of water on Earth. Taking advantage of the active interaction between water molecules and solid interfaces, various functional materials have been demonstrated to harvest energy and generate useable amounts of electrical power from water. In this review, some perspective on the development of water‐enabled electricity generation is given. The current preferred methods for water‐enabled electricity generation and relevant functional materials are summarized. Also, how the development of new materials and systems has led to significant improvements in the electrical power output reported for these devices is discussed. Then, some recent advances that have resulted in dramatic increases in the electrical output available from water‐enabled electrical generators (WEEGs) is discussed. Finally, some future trends in the development of WEEGs are outlined, and how this may result in practical applications and commercialization of these devices is shown.