bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myosin Cross-Bridge Behaviour in Contracting Muscle—The T1 Curve of Huxley and Simmons (1971) Revisited
Authors: Knupp Carlo , Squire John M.
Published: October 2019

The stiffness of the myosin cross-bridges is a key factor in analysing possible scenarios to explain myosin head changes during force generation in active muscles. The seminal study of Huxley and Simmons (1971: Nature 233: 533) suggested that most of the observed half-sarcomere instantaneous compliance (=1/stiffness) resides in the myosin heads. They showed with a so-called T1 plot that, after a very fast release, the half-sarcomere tension reduced to zero after a step size of about 60Å (later with improved experiments reduced to 40Å). However, later X-ray diffraction studies showed that myosin and actin filaments themselves stretch slightly under tension, which means that most (at least two-thirds) of the half sarcomere compliance comes from the filaments and not from cross-bridges. Here we have used a different approach, namely to model the compliances in a virtual half sarcomere structure in silico. We confirm that the T1 curve comes almost entirely from length changes in the myosin and actin filaments, because the calculated cross-bridge stiffness (probably greater than 0.4 pN/Å) is higher than previous studies have suggested. Our model demonstrates that the formulations produced by previous authors give very similar results to our model if the same starting parameters are used. However, we find that it is necessary to model the X-ray diffraction data as well as mechanics data to get a reliable estimate of the cross-bridge stiffness. In the light of the high cross-bridge stiffness found in the present study, we present a plausible modified scenario to describe aspects of the myosin cross-bridge cycle in active muscle. In particular, we suggest that, apart from the filament compliances, most of the cross-bridge contribution to the instantaneous T1 response may come from weakly-bound myosin heads, not myosin heads in strongly attached states. The strongly attached heads would still contribute to the T1 curve, but only in a very minor way, with a stiffness that we postulate could be around 0.1 pN/Å, a value which would generate a working stroke close to 100 Å from the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule. The new model can serve as a tool to calculate sarcomere elastic properties for any vertebrate striated muscle once various parameters have been determined (e.g., tension, T1 intercept, temperature, X-ray diffraction spacing results).
Higher Acid-Base Imbalance Associated with Respiratory Failure Could Decrease the Survival of Patients with Scrub Typhus during Intensive Care Unit Stay: A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Moon Kyoung Min , Min Kyueng-Whan , Kim Mi-Hye , Kim Dong-Hoon , Son Byoung Kwan , Oh Youngha , Jung Woonyong , Kwon Mijung , Kwon O-Yu
Published: October 2019

Ninety percent of patients with scrub typhus (SC) with vasculitis-like syndrome recover after mild symptoms; however, 10% can suffer serious complications, such as acute respiratory failure (ARF) and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Predictors for the progression of SC have not yet been established, and conventional scoring systems for ICU patients are insufficient to predict severity. We aimed to identify simple and robust indicators to predict aggressive behaviors of SC. We evaluated 91 patients with SC and 81 non-SC patients who were admitted to the ICU, and 32 cases from the public functional genomics data repository for gene expression analysis. We analyzed the relationships between several predictors and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with SC. We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify SC-specific gene sets. The acid-base imbalance (ABI), measured 24 h before serious complications, was higher in patients with SC than in non-SC patients. A high ABI was associated with an increased incidence of ARF, leading to mechanical ventilation and worse survival. GSEA revealed that SC correlated to gene sets reflecting inflammation/apoptotic response and airway inflammation. ABI can be used to indicate ARF in patients with SC and assist with early detection.
Has The Time Arrived to Refine The Indications of Immunosuppressive Therapy and Prognosis in IgA Nephropathy?
Authors: Obrișcă Bogdan , Sinescu Ioanel , Ismail Gener , Mircescu Gabriel
Published: October 2019

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent glomerular disease worldwide and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Particularly challenging to the clinician is the early identification of patients at high risk of progression, an estimation of the decline in renal function, and the selection of only those that would benefit from additional immunosuppressive therapies. Nevertheless, the pathway to a better prognostication and to the development of targeted therapies in IgAN has been paved by recent understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of this disease. Merging the data from the Oxford Classification validation studies and prospective treatment studies has suggested that a disease-stratifying algorithm would be appropriate for disease management, although it awaits validation in a prospective setting. The emergence of potential noninvasive biomarkers may assist traditional markers (proteinuria, hematuria) in monitoring disease activity and treatment response. The recent landmark trials of IgAN treatment (STOP-IgAN and TESTING trials) have suggested that the risks associated with immunosuppressive therapy outweigh the benefits, which may shift the treatment paradigm of this disease. While awaiting the approval of the first therapies for IgAN, more targeted and less toxic immunotherapies are warranted. Accordingly, the targeting of complement activation, the modulation of mucosal immunity, the antagonism of B-cell activating factors, and proteasomal inhibition are currently being evaluated in pilot studies for IgAN treatment.
Tunable Two-Layer Dual-Band Metamaterial with Negative Modulus
Authors: Hao Limei , Men Meiling , Wang Yazhe , Ji Jiayu , Yan Xiaole , Xie You , Zhang Pengli , Chen Zhi
Published: October 2019

A tunable dual-band acoustic metamaterial (AM) with nested two-layer split hollow spheres (TLSHSs) is presented here, which was achieved by adjusting the hole diameter and the ratio of the two layers’ volumes. This work comprises theoretical and numerical studies. Based on sound-force analogy (SFA), TLSHSs can be considered equivalent to a model of two spring oscillators in series. The equations of two resonant frequencies were derived, which precisely provided the relation between two resonant frequencies and the hole diameter as well as the ratio of the two layers’ volumes. The analytical formulas and simulation results by the finite element method (FEM) showed that there were two resonant frequencies for the TLSHSs, and their dynamic modulus became negative near the resonant frequencies. As the the diameter of two holes increased, both of the resonant frequencies underwent a blue shift. As the relative volume ratio increased, both of the resonant frequencies underwent a red shift. The calculation and simulation results were in good agreement. This kind of precisely controllable dual-band AM with negative modulus can easily be coupled to other structures with negative mass density, thereby achieving a double-negative AM in an expected frequency range.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Composite Thin-Walled Cylindrical Structures with Different Variants of Stiffeners, Subjected to Torsion
Authors: Kopecki Tomasz , Mazurek Przemysław , Lis Tomasz
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the use of isogrid stiffeners on the stress and displacement distribution of a thin-walled cylindrical shell made of layered composites subjected to torsion. It also strives to define criteria for assessing the results of non-linear numerical analysis of models of the examined structures by comparing them with the results of the model experiment. The study contains the results of experimental research using models made of glass–epoxy composites and the results of numerical analyses in non-linear terms. The experiment was carried out using a special test stand. The research involved two types of considered structures. The results of the research allowed to create the concept of an adequate numerical model in terms of the finite element method, allowing to determine the distribution of stress and strain in the components of the studied structures. Simultaneously, the obtained conformity between the results of non-linear numerical analyses and the experiment allows to consider the results of analyses of the modified model in order to determine the properties of different stiffening variants as reliable. The presented research allows to determine the nature of the deformation of composite thin-walled structures in which local loss of stability of the covering is acceptable in the area of post-critical loads.
Influence of Various Bottom DBR Designs on the Thermal Properties of Blue Semiconductor-Metal Subwavelength-Grating VCSELs
Authors: Sarzała Robert P. , Piskorski Łukasz , Czyszanowski Tomasz , Dems Maciej
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we consider several designs for nitride-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a top semiconductor-metal subwavelength grating (SMSG) as the facet mirror. The constructions of the bottom distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) used in the VCSEL designs were inspired by devices demonstrated recently by several research groups. A multiparameter numerical analysis was performed, based on self-consistent thermal and electrical simulations. The results show that, in the case of small aperture VCSEL designs, dielectric-based DBRs with metallic or GaN channels enable equally efficient heat dissipation to designs with monolithically integrated DBRs. In the case of broad aperture designs enabled by SMSGs, monolithically integrated DBRs provide much more efficient heat dissipation in comparison to all other considered designs.
Agaricus blazei-Based Mushroom Extract Supplementation to Birch Allergic Blood Donors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mahmood Faiza , Hetland Geir , Nentwich Ivo , Mirlashari Mohammad Reza , Ghiasvand Reza , Nissen-Meyer Lise Sofie Haug
Published: October 2019

Since Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) extract reduced specific IgE and ameliorated a skewed Th1/Th2 balance in a mouse allergy model, it was tested in blood donors with self-reported, IgE-positive, birch pollen allergy and/or asthma. Sixty recruited donors were randomized in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study with pre-seasonal, 7-week, oral supplementation with the AbM-based extract AndosanTM. Before and after the pollen season, questionnaires were answered for allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, asthma, and medication; serum IgE was measured, and Bet v 1-induced basophil activation was determined by CD63 expression. The reported general allergy and asthma symptoms and medication were significantly reduced in the AbM compared to the placebo group during pollen season. During the season, there was significant reduction in specific IgE anti-Bet v 1 and anti-t3 (birch pollen extract) levels in the AbM compared with the placebo group. While the maximal allergen concentrations needed for eliciting basophil activation before the season, changed significantly in the placebo group to lower concentrations (i.e., enhanced sensitization) after the season, these concentrations remained similar in the AndosanTM AbM extract group. Hence, the prophylactic effect of oral supplementation before the season with the AbM-based AndosanTM extract on aeroallergen-induced allergy was associated with reduced specific IgE levels during the season and basophils becoming less sensitive to allergen activation.
Genome-Wide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors in the Asteranae
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Zhang Yantong , Wang Zhuo , Lin Limei , Cui Minghui , Long Yuehong , Xing Zhaobin
Published: October 2019

The WRKY transcription factors family, which participates in many physiological processes in plants, constitutes one of the largest transcription factor families. The Asterales and the Apiales are two orders of flowering plants in the superorder Asteranae. Among the members of the Asterales, globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) are important economic crops worldwide. Within the Apiales, ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen are important medicinal plants, while carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota L.) has significant economic value. Research involving genome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors in the Asterales and the Apiales has been limited. In this study, 490 WRKY genes, 244 from three species of the Apiales and 246 from three species of the Asterales, were identified and categorized into three groups. Within each group, WRKY motif characteristics and gene structures were similar. WRKY gene promoter sequences contained light responsive elements, core regulatory elements, and 12 abiotic stress cis-acting elements. WRKY genes were evenly distributed on each chromosome. Evidence of segmental and tandem duplication events was found in all six species in the Asterales and the Apiales, with segmental duplication inferred to play a major role in WRKY gene evolution. Among the six species, we uncovered 54 syntenic gene pairs between globe artichoke and lettuce. The six species are thus relatively closely related, consistent with their traditional taxonomic placement in the Asterales. This study, based on traditional species classifications, was the first to identify WRKY transcription factors in six species from the Asteranae. Our results lay a foundation for further understanding of the role of WRKY transcription factors in species evolution and functional differentiation.
The Minimum Safe Thickness and Catastrophe Process for Water Inrush of a Karst Tunnel Face with Multi Fractures
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Qian Yuan , Chen Jianxun , Chen Fan
Published: October 2019

Water inrush of tunnel face is one of the most common geological disasters during tunnel construction in China. Aiming at the rock mass with multi fractures in water-resistant strata ahead of karst tunnel, the compressive-shear cracking property is analyzed by fracture mechanics theory and the change law of rock bridge shear strength with branch crack propagated length under karst water pressure and geo-stress is studied according to Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. Moreover, the critical water pressure of water-resistant strata with multi fractures under tension-shear failure is deduced. The safe thickness of water-resistant strata with multi fractures ahead of karst tunnel is established based on two band theory and critical water pressure, and the influence of karst water pressure, initial crack length, crack spacing, array pitch of cracks, lateral pressure coefficient and the angle between the crack and the maximum principal stress on the minimum safe thickness of water-resistant strata are discussed. A 3 Dimension Distinct Element Code (3DEC) considering the fluid-solid coupling effect and structural characteristics of rock mass is adopted to study the catastrophe process and the influence of karst cavity scale on displacement and seepage field in water-resistant rock mass ahead of tunnel in the process of sequential excavation. The numerical simulation results show that: The transition from the single effect of unloading on the extrusion displacement of karst tunnel face to combined action of unloading and karst water pressure occurs with the tunnel face advance; The displacement at each measuring point in water-resistant strata continues to increase in the process of tunnel excavation; The extrusion displacement and water flow velocity in tunnel face suddenly increase when the water inrush pathway is about to form; With the increase of karst cavity size, the minimum thickness of water-resistant strata, the displacement of measuring point and pore pressure of crack increase. The study results provide a reference for early warning and prevention of water inrush in karst tunnel face.
An Unconventional Multiple Low-Cost IMU and GPS-Integrated Kinematic Positioning and Navigation Method Based on Singer Model
Authors: Zhu Minghong , Yu Fei , Xiao Shu
Published: October 2019

To release the strong dependence of the conventional inertial navigation mechanization on the a priori low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) error model, this research applies an unconventional multi-sensor integration strategy to integrate multiple low-cost IMUs and a global positioning system (GPS) for mass-market automotive applications. The unconventional integration strategy utilizes a basic three-dimensional (3D) kinematic trajectory model as the system model to directly estimate navigational parameters, and it allows the measurements from all of the sensors independently participating in measurement updates. However, the less complex kinematic model cannot realize smooth transitions between different motion statuses for the road vehicle with acceleration maneuvers. In this manuscript, we establish a more practical 3D kinematic trajectory model based on a “current” statistical Singer acceleration model to realize smooth transitions for the maneuvering vehicle. In addition, taking advantage of the unconventional strategy, we individually model the systematic errors of each IMU and the measurements of all sensors, in contrast to most existing approaches that adopt the common-mode errors for different sensors of the same design. A real dataset involving a GPS and multiple IMUs is processed to validate the success of the proposed algorithm model under the unconventional integration strategy.
Azimuth Phase Center Adaptive Adjustment upon Reception for High-Resolution Wide-Swath Imaging
Authors: Xu Wei , Hu Jialuo , Huang Pingping , Tan Weixian , Dong Yifan
Published: October 2019

A spaceborne azimuth multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system can effectively realize high resolution wide swath (HRWS) imaging. However, the performance of this system is restricted by its two inherent defects. Firstly, non-uniform sampling is generated if the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) deviates from the optimum value. Secondly, multichannel systems are very sensitive to channel errors, which are difficult to completely eliminate. In this paper, we propose a novel receive antenna architecture with an azimuth phase center adaptive adjustment which adjusts the phase center position of each sub-aperture to improve multichannel SAR system performance. On one hand, the optimum value of the PRF can be adaptively adjusted within a certain range by adjusting receiving phase centers to obtain uniform azimuth sampling. On the other hand, false targets introduced by residual channel errors after azimuth multichannel error compensation can be further suppressed. The effectiveness of the proposed method to compensate for non-uniform sampling and suppress false targets is verified by simulation experiments.
Predicting Agent Behaviour and State for Applications in a Roundabout-Scenario Autonomous Driving
Authors: Muhammad Naveed , Åstrand Björn
Published: October 2019

As human drivers, we instinctively employ our understanding of other road users’ behaviour for enhanced efficiency of our drive and safety of the traffic. In recent years, different aspects of assisted and autonomous driving have gotten a lot of attention from the research and industrial community, including the aspects of behaviour modelling and prediction of future state. In this paper, we address the problem of modelling and predicting agent behaviour and state in a roundabout traffic scenario. We present three ways of modelling traffic in a roundabout based on: (i) the roundabout geometry; (ii) mean path taken by vehicles inside the roundabout; and (iii) a set of reference trajectories traversed by vehicles inside the roundabout. The roundabout models are compared in terms of exit-direction classification and state (i.e., position inside the roundabout) prediction of query vehicles inside the roundabout. The exit-direction classification and state prediction are based on a particle-filter classifier algorithm. The results show that the roundabout model based on set of reference trajectories is better suited for both the exit-direction and state prediction.
Flexible Mobile Hub for E-Bike Sharing and Cruise Tourism: A Case Study
Authors: Bardi Andrea , Mantecchini Luca , Grasso Denis , Paganelli Filippo , Malandri Caterina
Published: October 2019

Bike sharing is no longer a novelty in transportation and has now become a mobility solution in its own right. This study investigated the potential scope of application of e-bike sharing solutions for a niche sector such as cruise tourism, the importance of which is growing, with the aim of improving sustainability and reducing pollution levels in cruise ports. A revealed preference survey was administered to cruise tourists, who chose a pilot e-bike service once they had disembarked from the ship to visit the nearby city center, to investigate the main variables affecting satisfaction with the service under investigation. An ordered probit model was specified and calibrated to identify the relationship among the variables influencing e-bike sharing usage by cruise tourists and their satisfaction. Subsequently, the marginal effect of each significant factor was evaluated to quantify its actual impact on the related e-bike sharing satisfaction level. The results obtained are consistent with the literature, but interesting interpretations are provided in terms of the relative importance of significant variables.
Awareness and Attitude of College Students Majoring in Landscape Architecture towards the Sustainable Development
Authors: Han Soyoung , Kwon Yoonku
Published: October 2019

Reflecting the interest in sustainable development (SD), researches on the attitude toward SD have been steadily conducted for various groups. To explore the characteristics of awareness and attitude of college students majoring in landscape architecture towards the concept of SD, this study has two research questions; to analysis latent classes according to the learning participation pattern (research question 1), and to explore student characteristics that influence the classification of each classes (research question 2). The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the combination of relationships found in the classes based on similar patterns among the characteristics of people rather than the relationship between observed variables. A total of 495 students majoring in landscape architecture, 222 males and 275 females, are participated in this study. The results of this study are as follows. First, six latent classes were extracted in relation to attitudes toward SD. Second, college students majoring in landscape architecture tend to view the concept of SD from an ‘environmental’ and ‘environmental and economic harmony’ point of view rather than from an ‘environmental, social, and economic’ point of view. Third, grades and educational experiences were found to have a significant effect on the probability of belonging to a specific latent class for SD. Finally, based on these results, we suggest a method for organizing interdisciplinary courses to comprehensively access the ‘environmental, social and economic’ areas of the curriculum.
Personality Traits and Stock Investment of Individuals
Authors: Lai Cheng-Po
Published: October 2019

Behavioral finance has been widely applied in the financial realm from psychological perspectives focusing on herding and disposition effects. However, little research is devoted to the influences of personality traits on the stock investment intentions of individuals. This study extends the theory of planned behavior incorporating the big five personality taxonomies to investigate the effects of the personality traits of individual investors on stock investment intention. Utilizing partial least squares based on structural equation modeling techniques with a sample of 385 subjects, empirical results indicate that the stock investment intentions of individuals are significantly affected by subjective norm, attitude, and perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm significantly affects attitude. Individuals with open and agreeable personalities tend to have influences on subjective norm. Neurotic individuals tend to have negative attitudes toward stock investment. The perceived behavioral control of individuals regarding stock investment is influenced by the personality traits of agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness, and openness. Prior stock trading experiences significantly affect the relationships between attitude and stock investment intention, as well as on the linkages between extroversion and subjective norm, attitude, and perceived behavioral control. This study concludes with the discussion of the findings, with insights into theory and managerial implications.
A Novel Calculation Method of Process Load for Extra-Large Section Tunnels
Authors: Gao Hongjie , He Ping , Chen Zheng , Li Xinyu
Published: October 2019

The calculation of load and surrounding rock pressure of extra-large-section tunnels serves as an important premise for the design and construction of tunnel projects with extra-large sections. Based on the large-span section of the Shenzhen Liantang Tunnel (China), which is the largest highway tunnel in the world to date, this paper discusses the challenges existing in the calculation method of state load and surrounding rock pressure for extra-large-section tunnels and puts forward a novel calculation method for process load, which is suitable for extra-large-section highway tunnels. In the current work, we derived the related application correlations and improved the specific application steps, methods, and project models of the proposed calculation method. Both the rationality and feasibility of the calculation method were verified from a practical perspective by comparing the on-site data of surrounding rock pressure at the Liantang Tunnel with the calculated load, which provides a fundamental basis for the process design of tunnels.
SISTEM INFORMASI PARTAI POLITIK
Authors: MH Arifudin SH
Published: October 2019

Information systems of political parties (Sipol) as a set of information systems and technologies used to support the work of Political Parties and Election Organizers in registering, administrative research and factual verification of the fulfillment of the requirements of political parties to participate in the elections. But in its application, Sipol actually becomes an obstacle for certain parties to become election participants. In this research, the method used is normative juridical. The result of his research is Sipol is not as the main element in determining the political party to be the eligible participant, especially in the political party which becomes the participant of the election in the previous election. However, Sipol is only a supporter of work for KPU and political parties in completing the registration of political parties as eligible participants.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Fahruddin Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Undang-undang dasar RI mengamanatkan adanya hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat. Namun dalam praktiknya, dengan masih banyaknya kasus lingkungan yang terjadi dewasa ini, tentunya dapat menjadi kritik bagi Pemerintah sebagai organ yang bertanggung jawab penuh terhadap pemenuhan hak tersebut. Berbagai masalah lingkungan yang terjadi, baik kerusakan maupun pencemaran tidak berbanding lurus dengan mekanisme penegakan hukum yang diterapkan oleh Pemerintah. Lahirnya UU No. 32/2009 (UU PPLH) rupanya juga belum mampu menjawab segala problematika penegakan hukum lingkungan di Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH) telah memasukkan ketentuan pidana dalam Bab XV, yang terdiri dari 23 pasal. Ketentuan pemidanaan ini jauh lebih lengkap dan rinci bila dibandingkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1997 tentang Lingkungan Hidup yang lama, namun masih banyak hal-hal yang perlu dibenahi dalam UUPPLH tersebut, oleh karenanya dalam tulisan ini akan diuraikan mengenai mekanisme penegakan hukum lingkungan yang berlaku di Indonesia.
EFFICACY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF R-CHOP REGIMEN IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL CD20 POSITIVE LYMPHOMA AT HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL
Authors: Le Trong Thai , Le Duy Toan , Tran Viet Khoi , Tran Quoc Bao , Pham Tang Tung , Ho Xuan Dung
Published: October 2019

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) ranks 10 among the top 15 common cancers worldwide. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of the disease. Despite malignancy, DLBCL is curable and sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Since first published in 1997, the protocol R-CHOP, a combination of classical chemotherapy CHOP with rituximab, has increased significantly the rate of complete response (CR) and improved overall survival (OS). However, there has been no report of R-CHOP treatment in Hue. Purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of R-CHOP treatment (complete response, progression-free survival) and to describe the toxicities of the protocol.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study on 36 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, CD 20 positive treated with R-CHOP at Hue University Hospital between 2011 and 2016.

Results: According to the International prognostic index (IPI), 15 patients (41.7%) had low-risk disease, 14 (38.9%) low-to-intermediate risk, 6 (16.7%) high-to-intermediate risk and 1 (2.7%) high-risk disease. After finishing 8 cycles of therapy, 19 patients (52.8%) achieved complete response. Grade III anemia was observed (13.9%), grade III neutropeniain 4 patients (11.1%) and nausea (5.6%). During a 5-year period, progression – free survival was reported for 66.7% of patients and median for survival time was 3.3 years.

Conclusions: The addition of rituximab to the CHOP regimen increases the complete-response rate and prolongs progression -free survival in patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. The treatment of R-CHOP is well tolerated that the adverse events are mostly reported at grade III and able to control effectively.

Key words: diffuse large B-cell, non-hodgkin lymphoma, CD20 positive, CHOP, rituximab
First Encounters of Europeans and Africans with Native Americans in Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko: white woman, black prince and noble savages.
Authors: Trofimova Violetta
Published: October 2019

A curious episode of the first encounter with Native Americans out of Aphra Behn’s novel Oroonoko, or the History of the Royal Slave (1688) is reconsidered, using various types of interpretation, such as the structural, philosophical and historical. Special attention is paid to the position and configuration of the episode: all the participants are others to each other. This episode may be interpreted as a model of the first contact between different folks, as well as a story of the origins of religion. In the context of seventeenth-century colonial policy it may be seen as a non-violent way of colonizing America.
INNOVATIONS IN TRAINING SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL OF HIGHER QUALIFICATION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND RUSSIAN REALITIES (EXPERT OPINION)
Authors: Markin V.V. , Voronov V.V. , Ilisko D
Published: October 2019

Modernization processes «from the top» of various social institutions in modern Russia have affected one of the most important – the Institute of education. The article deals with the aspect that has received a wide discourse in the domestic and foreign scientific community – training of highly qualified personnel in the Russian education system in the format of the international standard classification of education (ISCED). Training of Russian highly qualified personnel on the basis of postgraduate corresponds to the level of ISCED 8 – «doctorate or its equivalent» or ISCED level 8 – «Doctor or equivalent level», because in the European Union, according to the Bologna agreement (2003) there is no division into postgraduate and doctoral studies in the Russian sense. The article provides a comparative analysis and expert evaluation of scientific, organizational and pedagogical factors, procedures and criteria for the development and efficiency of the Russian Institute of postgraduate studies on the example of the functioning of the corresponding Institute of doctoral studies in the European Union, in Daugavpils University (Latvia). European experience in the organization and functioning of the Institute of doctoral studies shows that the Institute of postgraduate studies in Russia for four years is in the form of innovative, but the content of the destructive reform of reproduction of scientific and pedagogical personnel of higher qualification. According to the results of the study, conclusions are made about the directions of improving the training of highly qualified personnel in Russia, using some positive elements of the European experience in this field. In the theoretical aspect – the «unloading» of the educational programs of ISCED 8 due to the subjects previously studied in the master’s and specialist degrees. In practical aspect – to make wider use of the European promotion and scientific certification experience in the preparation of a scientific theses and the procedure for its protection.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE MONITORING ACTIVITIES OF SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES CREATED IN THE SPHERE OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Fedorkov V.F. , Turko T.I. , Odintsova N.N. , Fahurdinov O.V. , Timohin A.A.
Published: October 2019

The article presents an analysis of the resultsof monitoring the activities of small innovative enterprises, as well as the existing founders of scientific and technical reserves under the title «technology», which they consider possible to implement usingsmall innovative enterprises.
LEGAL REGULATION OF CYBERSPORT IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
Authors: Demchenko M.V. , Shvedova A.D.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the legal status of eSports in the Russian legislation. The necessity of determining the status of eSports in Russian legislation is logically and economically justified, recommendations are given to Russian legislation. An analysis of the legal regulation of activities related to the organization and holding of competitions in e-sports at the world level is given. A comparison of the legislative regulation of the industry of eSports in Europe, Asia and America is presented.
KÜRESEL ÖLÇEKTE ENERJİ SEKTÖRÜNÜN REKABET GÜCÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: MINT ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ALTAY TOPCU Betül
Published: October 2019

Bu
çalışmada, MINT ülkeleri olarak bilinen Meksika, Endonezya, Nijerya ve Türkiye enerji
sektörünün global ölçekteki rekabet gücünün, 2000-2017 dönemi için, Ticaret
Dengesi İndeksi (Trade Balance Index-TBI) ile ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Enerji
sektörüne ait dört alt sektörün rekabet gücü, Standart Uluslararası Ticaret
Sınıflaması’na (Standard International Trade
Classification -SITC Rev.3) göre
iki dijitli veriler ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, hem ulusal hem de
uluslararası literatürde enerji sektörünün rekabet gücünün ölçülmesine yönelik
olarak yapılan çalışma sayısının yetersiz olması ve literatürdeki bu boşluğun
doldurulması açısından önem arz etmektedir.

İndeks
sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye sadece 35 kodlu sektörde genel olarak net ihracatçı
konumdayken, diğer sektörlerde net ithalatçı konumdadır. Meksika 33 ve 35 kodlu
sektörlerde, Endonezya 32, 33 ve 34 kodlu sektörlerde, Nijerya 33 ve 34 kodlu
sektörlerde net ihracatçı konumdadır. MINT ülkeleri arasında enerji sektörünün
rekabet gücü en düşük ülke Türkiye’dir. Meksika ülkesinin rekabet gücü Türkiye
ile benzer ancak Türkiye’den daha iyi konumdadır. Rekabet gücü en yüksek
ülkeler ise Nijerya ve Endonezya’dır.
HARMONISASI HUKUM PIDANA DI BIDANG HUKUM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM RANGKA PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Badilla Nurul Widhanita Y. , Rado Rudini Hasyim
Published: October 2019

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya Undang-Undang yang mengatur segi-segi lingkungan hidup selain undang-undang payung yang khusus mengatur perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Atas dasar yang diuraikan dimuka, perlu kiranya dikaji kembali kebijakan legislatif khusunya hukum pidana dengan melakukan penelitian dengan judul â€œHarmonisasi Hukum Pidana Di bidang Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Rangka Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Lingkungan Indonesiaâ€. Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 1. Bagaimana kebijakan hukum pidana dalam rangka penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup saat ini?, 2. Mengapa kebijakan hukum pidana tidak harmonis dalam rangka penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup?, 3.Bagaimana upaya harmonisasi hukum pidana di bidang hukum lingkungan hidup dimasa yang akan datang. Menjawab pertanyaan tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan hukum pidana saat ini Perbuatan yang dikualifikasikan sebagai tindak pidana lingkungan hidup meliputi, perbuatan yang mengakibatkan dilampauinya baku mutu udara ambien, baku mutu air, baku mutu air laut, atau kriteria baku kerusakan lingkungan hidup, Melanggar baku mutu air limbah, baku mutu emisi, atau baku mutu gangguan, Subyek hukum adalah orang dan korporasi, Penerapan sanksi pidana dirumuskan secara kumulatif bersifat kaku dan imperatif yaitu pidana penjara dan denda, Pertanggungjawaban pidana untuk korporasi tidak dijelaskan dan tidak disebutkan mengenai dalam hal bagaimana korporasi dikatakan telah melakukan tindak pidana dan kapan korporasi dapat di pertanggungjawabkan. kebijakan hukum pidana tidak harmonis di bidang hukum lingkungan hidup Indonesia ditemukan Terdapat duplikasi norma hukum pidana (bahkan ada yang triplikasi norma) dengan ancaman sanksi yang berbeda padahal perbuatan pidananya relatif sama, Subjek tidak terdapat kesamaan, Kebijakan hukum pidana di bidang lingkungan hidup belum mempunyai sistem pemidanaan yang utuh dan sebagai upaya Harmonisasi hukum pidana di bidang hukum lingkungan hidup perlu kiranya dilakukan kebijakan rekodifikasi norma hukum pidana lingkungan yang berada dalam berbagai undang-undang diluar KUHP saat ini ke dalam KUHP 15 dimasa yang akan datang dan Kebijakan hukum pidana di masa yang akan datang sebaiknya dirumuskan secara tegas dalam pasal-pasal mengenai bentuk dan kapan terjadinya tindak pidana lingkungan hidup serta mengatur setiap perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerusakan jadi perbuatan lingkungan hidup, dijadikannya korporasi sebagai subjek, maka pemidanaannya juga harus berorientasi pada korporasi, dan harus memasukan jenis pidana â€œmelakukan tindakan tertentuâ€ yang bertujuan memulihkan fungsi ekosistem yang rusak akibat pencemaran/perusakan lingkungan dan memasukan biaya sosial dan ekonomi sebagai ongkos sosial yang harus digantikan oleh pelaku tindak pidana.
PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PENJATUHAN SANKSI TERHADAP PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Ulukyanan Sandi Maria , Alputila Marlyn Jane
Published: October 2019

Dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan ada 3 faktor yaitu terkait dengan aspek yuridis ( kepastian hukum ) aspek sosiologis ( kemanfataan hukum ) dan aspek filosofis (keadilan ) Hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusannya dikurangi kebebasannya dengan adanya ketentuan undang-undang yang berlaku hakim independent atau bebas menentukan batas maksimal dan minimalnya pidana namun pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan dibatasi dengan adanya jenis pidana lamanya ancaman pidana dan pelaksanaan pidananya Permasalahan yang dibahas adalah apakah yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam penjatuhan sanksi terhadap para pelanggar lalu lintas (tilang) Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sanksi denda dan sanksi kurungan yang namun dalam kenyataan hakim lebih sering memberikan sanksi denda kepada pelanggar sanksi denda diberikan karena hakim meyakini sanksi denda masih efektif dan memberikan efek jera kepada pelanggar.
Resultados Clínicos y Ecocardiográficos a Largo Plazo de Pacientes Sometidos a Valvuloplastia Mitral Percutánea
Authors: Chavarriaga Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes. La valvuloplastia mitral percutánea con balón (VMPB) es un tratamiento efectivo y recomendado para pacientes con estenosis mitral (EM) moderada o severa.

Objetivos. Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y ecocardiográficas de pacientes con estenosis mitral sometidos a VMPB en el momento del procedimiento y hacerles seguimiento a 5, 10 y 15 años.

Diseño. Revisión retrospectiva de una cohorte de pacientes con EM intervenidos con VMPB en XXXXX; se analizan las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y ecocardiográficas antes y después del procedimiento. Se define supervivencia libre de reintervención si durante el tiempo de seguimiento los pacientes no presentan nueva VMPB o cirugía de reemplazo valvular. Los procedimientos fallidos se definen como un área valvular mitral (AVM) post VMPB2+

Resultados. Se analizaron 162 VMPB realizadas desde enero de 1993 hasta diciembre de 2011. La ecocardiografía post VMPB mostró que el AVM aumentó de 0.95±0.24cm2 a 1.56±0.33cm2 (p
Mortalidad observada versus esperada en una red de unidades de diálisis en Colombia: hacia el desarrollo de un indicador del impacto de la atención.
Authors: Sanabria Arenas Rafael Mauricio , Moreno Montoya José de Jesus , Vesga Gualdrón Jasmin Irene , Astudillo Kindar , Bunch Alfonso , López Jaramillo Patricia , Ardila Freddy , Dennis Verano Rodolfo Jose
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: La mortalidad en diálisis es uno de los principales indicadores de gestión clínica y se ve influenciada por diversos factores sociodemográficos y clínicos.

Objetivos: Calcular la mortalidad observada versus la esperada en las unidades de diálisis de la red de RTS en Colombia

Métodos: Cohorte histórica de pacientes mayores de 18 años, prevalentes en diálisis entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2012, de 51 unidades renales de la red Renal Therapy Services (RTS). Se calculó la razón estandarizada de mortalidad (REM) siguiendo la metodología propuesta por la Universidad de Michigan Centro de Costos y Epidemiología Renal (UM-KECC); se implementó un modelo de supervivencia de riesgos proporcionales de Cox en dos etapas, la primera estimó los parámetros asociados con las variables explicativas y la segunda estandarizó los resultados.

Resultados: Se evaluaron 9798 pacientes, 4125 (42.1%) fueron mujeres, la media de edad fue de 59 años (DE=15.6). Se observaron 1253 eventos de muerte (12.7%). El modelo arrojó un valor de 1067 muertes esperadas, con un valor estimado de REM de 1.17 (IC95%: 1.11-1.24). La REM fue mayor para pacientes diabéticos 1.28 (IC95%:1.19-1.38) y mujeres (1.36 (IC95%: 1.25-1.48); y varió significativamente por zona del país (1.11 a 2.0).

Conclusiones: Encontramos diferencias importantes en la REM según sexo, presencia de diabetes y por zonas del país. Se requiere mediante nuevos estudios entender mejor la influencia de estas y otras variables sobre el fenómeno de mortalidad en diálisis en nuestro contexto.
Grenzen und Freiheit – eine interdisziplinäre Entdeckung
Authors: Bonnaire Anne-Coralie
Published: October 2019

„Aus Traditionen Grenzen überschreiten“ – so lautet das Leitmotiv unserer Alma Mater, der Universität Leipzig. Es steht für Offenheit, Interdisziplinarität, internationale Zusammenarbeit und Wissensaustausch. In Anlehnung an dieses Leitmotiv und angesichts der aktuellen politischen, gesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Lage wollten wir als Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen interdisziplinär und fakultätsübergreifend dem Verständnis von „Grenzen & Freiheit“ auf den Grund gehen.
Überwindung disziplinärer Grenzen
Authors: Reimann Benjamin
Published: October 2019

In der Erforschung der menschlichen Kognition hat sich ein interdisziplinärer Forschungsansatz etabliert, dessen Rechtfertigung vor allem pragmatistisch ist: Unter den Wissenschaften wird kooperiert, weil es nützlich ist und publizierbare Ergebnisse liefert. Was diesem Pragmatismus bisher fehlt ist eine theoretische Basis, die gleichzeitig eineKoordinierungsstrategie für die beteiligten Disziplinen liefert. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in mein Dissertationsprojekt und zeigt auf, wie das interdisziplinäre Projekt gelingen kann. Der zentrale Gedanke dabei ist, durch eine aristotelische Inter-pretation der Frage Tomasellos (2010) ‚Warum kooperieren wir?‘ einen gleichberechtigten Dialog zwischen den Disziplinen zu begründen.
Displasia Coxofemoral Caninina
Authors: Sommer Edgar Luiz , Fratocchi Carlo Leonardo Grieco
Published: October 2019

Displasia coxofemoral é a má formação das articulações coxofemoral, incidindo em todas as raças, principalmente nas grandes e de crescimento rápido. Sua transmissão é hereditária, recessiva, intermitente e poligênica. Fatores nutricionais, biomecânicos e de meio ambiente, associados à hereditariedade, pioram a condição da displasia. A suspeita ao exame clínico é possível, mas é o estudo radiográfico, normalmente a partir dos doze meses completos de idade na maior parte da raça, mediante posicionamento correto do animal, que define o diagnóstico. Para tanto o paciente deve estar livre de qualquer r ação. Este estado é atingido com a anestesia geral, de preferência. O paciente deve ser posicionado em decúbito dorsal, membros posteriores estendidos caudalmente, de igual comprimento, paralelos entre si e em relação à coluna vertebral, rotacionados medialmente, de tal forma que a patelas se sobreponham aos sulcos trocleares. A pelve não pode estar inclinada. Na identificação mínima do filme deverá constar o número de registro do cão, data de nascimento e datado exame radiográfico. A subluxação, normalmente como primeiro sinal radiográfico, pode levar à artrose secundária, assim denominada por se desenvolver secundariamente a uma outra alteração, no caso a displasia. O controle desta má formação se faz através de uma seleção radiográfica de todos os animais utilizados na reprodução. O índice de Norberg é utilizado para o diagnóstico. Modernamente o tratamento medicamentoso tem se baseado em produtos com capacidade anabolizante da cartilagem articular degenerada.
Avaliação das condições veterinárias e de manejo dos pequenos felinos neotropicais em cativeiro no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Adania Cristina Harumi , Munaó Diniz Lilian de Stefani , Gomes Marcelo Silva , Filoni Cláudia , Silva Jean Carlos Ramos
Published: October 2019

Espécie e subespécies de felinos brasileiros de pequeno porte estão ameaçadas de extinção e existem poucas informações biológicas e veterinárias a respeito desses animais. A Associação Mata Ciliar (AMC) se propôs a efetuar estudos visando ampliar os conhecimentos e contribuir para conservação de pequenos felinos neotropicais. Participaram 22 zoológicos, 113 animai foram cadastrados e 93 foram identificados (tatuagem e marcação eletrônica), classificados zoologicamente e manejados: Herpailurus yagouaroundi- gato mourisco (16,6,0), Leopardus pardalis- jaguatirica (18,15,0),Leopardus wiedii- gato maracajá (3,4,0), Leopardus tigrinus- gato-da-mato-pequeno (21,10,0). Os resultados obtidos através da avaliação clínica e de aspectos envolvendo os animais permitiram constatar que ao redor de 50 %dos indivíduos apresentam alterações ligadas ao manejo sendo elas, pedológica, dermatológicas, odontológicas, além da condição física insatisfatória. Conclui- e que há necessidade de se melhorar o manejo, a qualidade dos recintos e de se reverter a baixa taxa de nascimento, bem como reduzir o alto índice de mortalidade dos recém-nascidos. O plantel desses felinos em criadouro ou zoológicos constituem banco genético fundamental, tendo como meta possibilitar um plano de manejo futuro na natureza, visando assegurar a biodiversidade.
ACTUAL ISSUES OF DIALYSIS AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2019

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ASPECTS OF MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF RENAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2019

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