bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LASERS IN DENTISTRY
Authors: Dewangan Dr. Deeplaxmi , Khan Dr. Fatima , Das Dr. Monalisha , Priyadarshee Dr. N.
Published: June 2024

This comprehensive review explores the remarkable evolution and significant contributions of laser technology to dentistry in the 21st century. Lasers, with their precise and minimally invasive attributes, have revolutionized various aspects of dental clinical practice. The chapter begins with a historical perspective, tracing the roots of laser technology to Albert Einstein's groundbreaking work. It categorizes dental lasers into hard and soft types, delving into their mechanisms, applications, and the importance of wavelength selection.The mechanisms of laser-induced tissue damage, including thermal, chemical, photoacoustic, and photoelectric effects, are discussed, shedding light on the diverse interactions between lasers and biological tissues. The chapter emphasizes the crucial role of safety precautions during laser procedures. Safety measures, such as protective eyewear and correct laser handpiece positioning, are highlighted to prevent accidental exposure during laser procedures.Highlighting the wide array of applications, the chapter covers the use of lasers in oral surgery, periodontology, endodontics, cosmetic dentistry, and more. It underscores the advantages of lasers, including precise cutting, reduced discomfort, and diminished reliance on anesthetics. The chapter also delves into dosage parameters, offering a formula for calculating exposure time during laser treatments and emphasizing the convenience of modern laser equipment in automating this process.In conclusion, this chapter establishes that lasers have not only transformed dental practice but also paved the way for future advancements. While discussing the advantages, the review acknowledges the challenges, including device costs and the need for additional education. It underscores the importance of selecting the right laser type and wavelength for specific clinical needs.As lasers continue to play an ever-expanding role in dentistry, their precise and minimally invasive capabilities promise to further enhance patient care, making them a cornerstone of the dental practices of the future.
AGRICULTURAL DRONES
Authors: S Vaani Sri. , C Sai Durga. , Maheswaran M. , Kokila K.
Published: June 2024

India now has 1.408 billion people, and it will probably surpass China in population size in the near future. 16.3% of Indians, according to the Global Food Security Index 2022, are underweight. In addition, 3.8% of Indian children are obese, 33.9% of them are stunted, and 33.4% of them are underweight. India has a 0.65 human development index. To secure the security of the nation's food supply, agriculture is crucial. Agriculture is the foundation of India's economy because it employs more than 70% of the country's population. Providing food for the world's expanding population is the primary challenge facing agriculture. Indian small-scale farmers fall within this category. Additionally, less than 5 acres make up roughly 80% of India's cultivable land. Upgrading farm mechanization and bolstering farm practices can both contribute to national food security. Therefore, as a contemporary technology, drones have the potential to lessen issues related to farming methods and promote sustainability in the agricultural sector of the future
CONSEQUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SYSTEM
Authors: Mohd Ishrat , Bhat Farooz A. , Shah Tasaduq H. , Wali Asifa
Published: June 2024

This chapter delves into the intricate web of interactions shaping aquatic ecosystems, focusing on the dynamic processes that drive physical, chemical, and biological changes within these environments. Exploring the ever-shifting balance between abiotic and biotic components, we examine the influence of physical factors such as temperature rise, sea level rise. Concurrently, the chapter scrutinizes chemical alterations, addressing issues like ocean acidification, increased salinity. Biological transformations, encompassing the diverse life forms from microorganisms to macrofauna, are intricately woven into this narrative, elucidating the interconnectedness of species and their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Ocean acidification poses a threat to marine life. The consequences extend to human communities relying on aquatic resources, highlighting the urgent need for adaptive strategies and global cooperation to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems. Through a holistic lens, this chapter aims to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted nature of aquatic ecosystems, fostering insights crucial for effective conservation and management strategies.
REVIEW: IMPACT OF CONVENTIONAL FRYING AND NOVEL FRYING METHOD ON THE QUALITY OF FRIED FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Singh Vijayta , Verma Vandana
Published: June 2024

Starch is a functional element in food that serves as a vitally important source of energy. In fried foods like potato chips, French fries, instant noodles, and coating flour, starch is primary ingredient. Deep frying changes the structure of foods and adds extra oil to them. When it comes to cooking and processing food, deep-fat frying is by far the most popular technique employed by consumers, eateries, and factories around the globe. Most obviously, it slashed lead times and allowed for the innovation of novel cuisine with appealing sensory properties. After being ingested, the starch and fat found in deep-fried foods are digested by enzymes in the human body, yielding glucose and fatty acids as the primary source of energy. Overconsumption of these deep-fried starchy meals, however, has been linked to an increase in body fat, obesity, and the onset of several different degenerative and cancerous conditions. Pressure frying, microwave frying, vacuum frying, radiant frying, and air frying are only a few of the alternative frying technologies that can lower the amount of processing toxicants in fried foods. In this analysis, we look at how the new frying technique has influenced the industry.
VERMICOMPOSTING: A SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR RECYCLING ORGANIC WASTES
Authors: Garwa Himanshu , Bharati Veerwal Dr.
Published: June 2024

Farmers apply fertilizers to their plants to encourage growth as well as their personal financial development. Nonetheless, chemical fertilizers, as we are all aware, contaminate the water and soil, harming the surrounding flora and fauna. Therefore, use of organic waste that has been discarded into the environment is necessary. Based on certain research, earthworm species can be employed for the recycling of organic waste. Regulating soil processes is a major function of earthworms. As the most significant soil ecosystem engineers, they are generally accepted. Earthworm species favor extremely organic food over the soil. We can use waste materials like cow dung, kitchen waste, agro-residues, institutional and industrial wastes, textile industry sludge and fibers, etc. that are released into the environment to make vermicompost because they contain a lot of organic content.
VALUE ADDITION OF BERRIES AND CHERRIES
Authors: Mahida Archana V. , Rama Krishna Dr. K. , Krishnamoorthi A,
Published: June 2024

A variety of berries and cherry fruits can be grown in this country due to the variable climatic conditions. These fruits are plentiful and available throughout the year. These fruits can meet the needs of consumers who are health-conscious because they are also valued for their medicinal and nutritional properties. Because of their acidity and astringent flavour, several of these cherry fruits cannot be sold fresh in the market. Consumers are constantly looking for fresh, mouthwatering, wholesome, and eye-catching food products. Value-added berries and cherries can fill this desire. Therefore, research efforts to diversify and popularise these underutilized berry and cherry fruit crops must be prioritized. In order to do this, it is necessary to increase the demand for these fruit crops on both domestic and international markets, promote their exportation, and improve their nutritional and socioeconomic status.
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES OF NON-LEGUMINOUS PLANTS OF THAR DESERT
Authors: Lall Deepali , Rawat Kamlesh , Sharma Shriya
Published: June 2024

Papilio demoleus, commonly known as the lime butterfly, poses a significant threat to citrus crops due to the extensive damage caused by its larvae. Traditional insecticides have been employed to control P. demoleus populations, but their adverse effects on human health and the environment have led to the search for alternative, eco-friendly solutions. This research article investigates the insecticidal properties of three plant species—Euphorbia royleana, Lantana camara, and Cascabela thevetia—against P. demoleus. Through laboratory bioassays and analysis of bioactive compounds, this study evaluates the efficacy and mechanisms of action of these plant extracts as potential natural insecticides. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable pest management strategies for the lime butterfly. Based India
NANO PARTICLES OF NEEM –AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS TWIGS POWDER AGAINST ORAL MICROBIOME
Authors: Sethi Poonam , Srinivasan Yuva
Published: June 2024

A dental plaque is a home for many harmful bacteria which reside in causing cavities and disease aggregation. Microscopic evaluation of these plaque forming a biofilm from samples- clinical isolates indicated that Streptococcus mutans accounts for nearly 80% of the colonization. Chew sticks - twigs of neem (Azadirachta indica) were tried and later nanoparticles were screened and nanoparticles are more promising against Streptococcus at a concentration of 10 µg.An ancient remedy for tooth ache and other infections, nanoparticles of these chew stick powder was more promising than the powder itself.
THE PROLOGUE TO PRECISION LIVESTOCK FARMING
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Chaudhary Sachin , Karir Shree Ram , Ravina Ms. , Choudhary Anil , Kumar Sudesh
Published: June 2024

Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) emerges as a transformative approach within the livestock industry, fueled by the escalating global demand for animal products and the challenges of effective management. This paradigm leverages wearable and remote sensors to gather a rich array of data, encompassing sounds, images, and motions from animals and their environment. Machine learning algorithms decode this data, yielding insights that drive decision-making for both individual and group-level interventions. However, PLF is not devoid of challenges, including tool accuracy, disruption of human-animal relationships, economic viability, over-reliance on technology, integration hurdles, and potential de-skilling. Balancing these complexities, PLF offers immense potential—optimizing resource utilization, enhancing production efficiency, elevating animal welfare, and fostering economic and environmental sustainability. Its narrative requires interdisciplinary collaboration, unwavering innovation, and an understanding of the intricate synergy between technology and the living world. As we navigate these challenges, the story of PLF unfolds—a story that envisions a harmonious future where animals flourish, ecosystems thrive, and human ingenuity coalesces seamlessly with nature's rhythms.
OPTIMIZING LIVESTOCK FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Bharat A. Pata Dr. , Sneh D. Patel Dr. , Lokendra Dr.
Published: June 2024

Livestock farming plays a pivotal role in global food production, but it also generates significant waste that poses environmental and societal challenges. This chapter explores strategies for efficient livestock farm waste management, emphasizing their pivotal role in promoting sustainability. India, as a prime example, exemplifies the dual challenge and potential solutions. It is both the largest milk and cow dung producer, with immense quantities of waste. Biogas plants, utilizing dung, emerge as a game-changing technology, addressing waste while producing valuable energy. Waste types vary from dung to leftover feed and urine. Management methods encompass manual and mechanized solid waste removal, as well as lagoon systems for liquid waste. Waste utilization technologies include composting, vermicomposting, bio-methanization, bioenergy, and animal feed. These methods not only mitigate waste but also offer economic benefits and resource conservation. Farmers stand to gain significantly from biogas technology. Additional income, nutrient-rich digestate, closed nutrient cycles, and reduced odors contribute to improved livelihoods. Women's workload is lessened, and health and hygiene conditions are enhanced. Societal and environmental benefits extend beyond the farm gate. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy generation, and job creation enrich communities. Moreover, biogas adoption addresses waste, environmental management, and energy production. In conclusion, innovative waste management practices in livestock farming hold transformative potential. Through technologies like biogas, agriculture can transition into a sustainable, eco-friendly paradigm, benefiting farmers, society, and the planet. This chapter underscores the urgent need to embrace these strategies, forging a resilient and greener future.
IMPLEMENTING NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO REDUCE METHANOGENESIS IN LIVESTOCK
Authors: Sneh D. Patel Dr. , Bharat A. Pata Dr. , Lokendra Dr.
Published: June 2024

This chapter delves into the realm of nutritional strategies aimed at mitigating methanogenesis, the production of methane gas, in livestock production systems. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, emerges primarily from ruminant digestion processes and significantly contributes to global warming. The chapter explores a range of innovative approaches to address this concern, focusing on enhanced feed quality, strategic supplementation, methane inhibitors, fermentation modulation, and dietary adjustments. The chapter commences by highlighting the pivotal role of livestock in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane. It underscores the intricate interplay of factors such as land use change, feed production, animal husbandry practices, manure management, and processing in shaping livestock-related emissions. The chapter then delves into the specifics of nutritional strategies, offering a comprehensive overview of each approach's mechanisms and potential benefits. Challenges, considerations, and the importance of maintaining animal welfare and performance throughout these strategies are critically addressed. The significance of individual animal variability, the broader sustainability implications of these strategies, and their potential to reduce methane emissions in livestock production are explored. By examining the interplay of science, environmental concerns, and livestock productivity, the chapter provides a holistic perspective on the journey toward sustainable livestock practices. Ultimately, the chapter underscores the critical importance of mitigating methanogenesis in livestock systems, both for ecological conservation and improved livestock efficiency.
A REVIEW ON FUTURISTIC PERCEPTION OF HYDROGEN AS FUEL
Authors: Krishna Murthy Mannam
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. Decades back it was recognized as one of the alternative energy resources. Year by year, the awareness of environmental disorders using fossil fuels for the energy production is increasing. The concept of ‘black to green’ is gradually strengthening. Hydrogen has highest calorific value, with biggest boom towards its fuel use. Hydrogen is the ‘forever fuel’ that we can never run out of it. Methods of hydrogen production, delivery, distribution, storage and using it as a fuel are now becoming familiar globally. The usage of hydrogen as fuel in future is gaining momentum in view of its environmental friendliness. Newer applications and perceptives of using hydrogen as future fuel are discussed in this chapter.
REDEFINING SUPRAMOLECULAR APPLICATIONS: FUNCTIONALIZED CALIX [4] PYRROLES AS VERSATILE BUILDING BLOCKS
Authors: Dave Bhargav , Bhatt Keyur
Published: June 2024

Supramolecular chemistry has emerged as a fascinating field, enabling the design and synthesis of intricate molecular architectures for diverse applications. Among these, functionalized Calix[4]pyrroles have gained significant attention due to their unique structural features and versatile supramolecular properties. This abstract highlights the diverse applications of functionalized Calix[4]pyrroles in the realm of supramolecular chemistry. Functionalized Calix[4]pyrroles possess a cup-shaped macrocyclic structure with an intrinsic ability to host a variety of guest molecules within their hydrophobic cavities. This property has paved the way for their utilization as molecular receptors in the selective recognition and binding of analytes such as ions, small molecules, and biomolecules. The precise tailoring of functional groups on the macrocycle periphery allows for fine-tuning of host-guest interactions, leading to enhanced binding affinities and selectivity.
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT DYES ON ZnO NANOPARTICLES LAYER FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Zaini Z. , Idris M. I.
Published: June 2024

Production of dye sensitized solar cell using ZnO nanoparticles layer offer several advantages for potentially low-cost manufacturing and appropriate for cost-effective industrial production in future. The production of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using ZnO nanoparticles and natural dyes extracted from Bougainvillea flower with red, violet and Nephelium mutabile Labill. The aims are to create a photoanode for DSSCs by forming a ZnO thin film with organic dyes through an immersion method. The fabricated electrode is coated onto a glass substrate using the doctor blade technique, and the electrode is then immersed into the dye solution. The fabricated solar cell's performance is analyzed in terms of its ability to convert sunlight into electricity. Parameters such as efficiency, current-voltage characteristics, and power output are measured and evaluated.
PROTON-LIGAND EQUILIBRIA OF ALIPHATIC, ATOXIC DIHYDRAZIDES AND WATER-SOLUBLE AMINO ACIDS GLYCINE, ASPARTIC ACID & HISTIDINE
Authors: Rani B. Uma , Devi D. Nirmala , Shyamala P. , Satyanarayana A.
Published: June 2024

This study explores the behavior of amino acids and aliphatic dihydrazides in aqueous solutions at various pH values by examining their proton-ligand equilibria. By investigating the protonation and deprotonation mechanisms, the study reveals the complex molecular interactions affecting the distribution of charge and the overall structure. Understanding the acid-base characteristics is essential for comprehending the compounds' reactivity in a variety of settings, and this is made possible by the determined equilibrium constants. This investigation advances disciplines such as biochemistry and pharmacology, laying the groundwork for future studies on the functions and molecular structure of these substances.
PLYWOOD INNOVATIONS: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO MODERN LIFE
Authors: Sahoo Dr. S. C.
Published: June 2024

Plywood is an engineered wood product; plays crucial role in promoting sustainability across various industries This chapter provides an overview the various innovative applications of plywood in modern life, highlighting its role as a sustainable material choice. The main aim of this chapter is to provide enough background information regarding the plywood. Its construction, types, application etc. Plywood, a versatile engineered wood product, has revolutionized the world design and construction with its unique combination of strength, flexibility and sustainability. This chapter explores regarding the safe and healthy life by using plywood as a furniture material, Challenges and future Direction of Plywood etc. It is further hoped that this chapter encourages researchers to contribute research effort to the wood based composite manufacturing sector.
ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AND RETINOPATHY IN DIABETES: THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PHYTOCHEMICALS
Authors: Fatima Roohi Tamsheel , Faizan Syed , Krishna Dr. K. L , Mehdi Dr. Seema
Published: June 2024

Comprehensive knowledge of the pathophysiology, aetiology, and clinical course of diabetes mellitus is paramount to prognosticating cardiovascular and ocular complications. This chapter investigates the mechanisms and processes governing the progressive development of cardiovascular complications and retinopathy in patients with diabetes. We also aimed to determine the diabetes prevention and management potential of multimodal treatments (including phytochemical methods). Thirty-four research articles were analysed to determine the pathophysiology, cellular mechanisms, and biomarkers associated with cardiovascular and ocular complications of diabetes. Data sources included PubMed Central, Web of Science, and JSTOR. Data extraction was guided by the advanced filters of the respective databases. Primary and secondary research articles with the latest evidence on the pathobiology and treatment of diabetic complications were extracted for this updated review. The predominant causes of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema include haemorrhage and retinal capillary aneurysms. Diabetes type, age at diagnosis, and race are independent predictors of the risk and incidence of non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR/PDR). In addition, 75% of diabetes-related deaths are attributed to cardiovascular complications including peripheral vascular disease, thromboembolism, stroke, nephropathy, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis. Training researchers and physicians on the therapeutic efficacy of phytochemical methods against NPDR/PDR and diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases is needed to increase their use in adjuvant treatments. In addition, comprehensive knowledge of the pathophysiology/cellular mechanisms of diabetes is paramount for improving treatment outcomes. Future studies should investigate the medicinal value of various plant extracts, including their phytochemicals, to transform the therapeutic landscape for diabetes management.
A STUDY ON SHORELINE CHANGES OVER THE COAST OF CHENNAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: Jayakumar Dr. K. , Ravi Ms. Abirami , Madhushree Ms. K.
Published: June 2024

Shoreline change is recognised as one of the most complex phenomena, and it has been studied over the Chennai coast using geospatial techniques. The multi-temporal remote sensing data used to capture the shorelines from 1988, 1991, 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2016. The HTL (High Tide Line) must be periodically mapped and observed as a coastline that has been demarcated by using satellite images by visual interpreting techniques. It was then accompanied by an overlay analysis to quantify erosion and accretion areas in the region under study. The findings showed that, due to erosion and accretion, the coast of the Chennai district lost 273 hectares and increased by 423.4 hectares. This was confirmed following a ground truth survey in the study area. High erosion and accretion were reported along the Chennai's Northern and Southern part of district, respectively. The conclusion can be reached that natural and man-made processes influencing the coastal ecosystem are the primary causes of the coastal erosion and accretion in this present study.
WORK PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN FEMALE EMPLOYEES
Authors: Martina Esther , Latha M
Published: June 2024

This in-depth study explores the complex dynamics of female employees' productivity and efficiency in modern companies. This study examines the several variables that affect how well women succeed in professional contexts while acknowledging the importance of gender equality and inclusive practices. The study examines the results of specialised training courses, adaptable work schedules, and inclusive leadership development programmes. It also investigates the relationship between women's general job performance and their physical and emotional health. This study uses a comprehensive approach to provide unique insights on approaches and interventions that help maximise the effectiveness and productivity of female workers, resulting in a more balanced and productive workforce. The findings offer practical suggestions for businesses attempting to foster an environment that is encouraging and empowering for all employees.
MULTI COMPONENT GREEN APPROACH FOR SYNTHESIS OF 1, 2-DISUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE
Authors: Roy Priyabrata
Published: June 2024

The process described here to synthesis 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole is very easy, inexpensive and eco-friendly. The method involves the sequence of processes coupling-reduction-cyclization in one-pot under eco-friendly conditions.
AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF p-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZALDEHYDE
Authors: Anuva Samanta Dr.
Published: June 2024

Excited state charge transfer (CT) reaction is not so common for a molecule containing a weak donor and a weak acceptor group. For example, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMABA), where –CHO is a weak charge acceptor and –NMe2 ¬is a weak donor. In spite of several studies, the charge transfer ability of DMABA still remains unclear and deserves further attention. In this chapter, the excited state CT properties of DMABA are explored through experimental as well as computational studies. While experimental absorption and fluorescence spectra are recorded and reported, quantum chemical methods are adopted to obtain the theoretical results. Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional and 6-311++G** basis set is used to compute the potential energy surfaces along the twisting angles of both donor and acceptor groups. Also investigated is the solvent effect on the emission spectra of DMABA by Time Dependent Density Functional Theory Polarization Continuum (TDDFT-PCM) model.
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kumar Pandey Dheeraj , Kumar Pandey Puneet
Published: June 2024

The study on elementary associations between the substantial properties and different types of phenomena of production as well as determination of material’s dimensions in the nanometer scale (1 to 100 nm) are referred to as Nanoscience. The Nanoscience has a typical dimension span, which lies between subnanometer to quite a few hundred nanometers. The Nanometer scaled materials may possess substantial properties uniquely different from that of massiveness material. Thus materials in this dimension range exhibit their unique physical and chemical properties. An alteration from atoms or molecules to massiveness form also takes place in this dimension range. When the materials are restricted to the nanometer range, they may lose their all properties. Nanotechnology is latest but investigation on nanoscaled size materials is not new at all. Nanotechnology is the designing, production and applications of the nanomaterials and nanostructures. It also includes the elementary perceptive of the substantial properties and phenomena of production of nanostructures and nanomaterials. A rapid development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology will not be possible unless it is not supported by a strong background of theoretical study in the same area of experimental field.
MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDY OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL WITH WATER
Authors: Saxena Richa , Singh Narender , Pal Singh Jitendra , Gupta Swati
Published: June 2024

Sound velocity, viscosity and density are experimentally measured of binary mixture of Polyethylene glycol with water at frequency of 1MHz. Experimental values have been calculated at different range of concentration and at 45°Ctemperature. Different parameters are calculated like adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length and relaxation time of PEG solutions. These values are used to understand the behaviour of intermolecular interaction of solute and solvent.
VARIATION OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND INTERACTIONS WITH SUBSTITUTIONOF DIFFERENT ALKYL FOR IMIDAZOLIUM BASED ILS
Authors: Ranjan Ravi , Shukla Madhulata
Published: June 2024

The drastic difference in melting point of Ionic Liquid was observed with a small change in cation structure. The conformation of 1-crotyl -3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (cmimPF6) has been identified with the help of Raman marker bands and compared with the 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphates (bmimPF6). Multiple interactions between cation and anion in cmimPF6 are observed using DFT calculation. Raman band involving C2-H was found to be strongly influenced by interaction with anion.Hydrogen bonding at C2-H is found to be very important but not the sole determining physical property of ILs. A new interaction involving C2---F is identified for the first time using the DFT method. It appears that multiple weak interactions have profound effects on the physical state of an ionic liquid. Hence a small change in cation was found to make a drastic change in the physical state of the ILs as evident from our comparative studies of saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains containing imidazolium ILs.
RECENT PROGRESSES ON THE USE OF RECYCLABLE MESOPOROUS SILICA SUPPORTED ORGANOCATALYSTS IN ASYMMETRIC ALDOL REACTION
Authors: Das Joydeb
Published: June 2024

Asymmetric Organocatalysis is one of the tremendously growing green approaches in the synthetic organic chemistry to produce enantio-enrich products. However, high catalysts loading, low and tedious recovery of catalyst, use of organic solvents, etc. render their applications in industrial chemistry. The search for ‘greener’ recoverable and cost effective catalysts for the chemical transformation leads to the development of new types of supported catalysts. Mesoporous silicas (MS) supported heterogeneous chiral organocatalysts attract attention for their interesting physicochemical properties as well as their easy recyclability and handling. The objective of this article is to give brief spotlight on the recent progresses on asymmetric aldol reactions using silica bound immobilized chiral organocatalysts as aldol reaction is predominantly studied chemical transformation in homogenous organocatalysis.
PHYTOCHEMICALS AND THEIR AMELIORATIVE POTENTIAL AGAINST COVID-19
Authors: Bal Surbhi
Published: June 2024

There are several chronic ailments around the globe which needs attention of scientific community for the search of possible cure. The traditional medicinal systems are used by the mass, where healthcare system is not prevailed its availability like the remote areas, or tribal populations residing in Islands or forest regions. These medicinal system utilizes herbal formulations rich in bioactive compounds or phytochemicals also commercially available as natural products. In the present chapter, different phytochemicals has been documented following their classifications, ameliorative effects. The preparation methods of these phytochemicals has been discussed. As COVID 19 is emerging continuously in different strains and still needs research besides vaccines for the development of medication for primary treatment, some potent bioactive compounds present in Ayurveda system are also conversed as potential antiviral activities
HUMAN RIGHTS: EMPOWERMENT ALONE CANNOT HELP OUR WOMEN'S FOR THEIR RIGHTS IN INDIA
Authors: Mishra Dr. Rinki , Bhattacharya Dr. Barnana
Published: June 2024

During the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000, the goal of achieving Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment was among the eight "Millennium Development Goals" to be accomplished by 2015. However, in India, these objectives remain distant and unrealized. Women in India are routinely denied their basic right to dignity, let alone achieving gender equality. This study delves into the context of women's rights within India's patriarchal society. The article addresses issues such as dowry, female feticide, the denial of inheritance rights, the sale and trafficking of girls, and other challenges faced by Indian women. The study's purpose is to explore strategies that can empower women in a manner equivalent to how men are empowered.
EMPLOYEES’ CREATIVITY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND PRODUCTIVITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Minika Bawa , Nishu Dr. Garg
Published: June 2024

Focus on employees has been one of the strategical concern for every organization in the present contemporary world. Intense competition has induced organizations to find the areas which will enable organizations in attaining comparative advantage at the market place. This has led organizations to focus more on the most non-imitable asset of the organization, that is, human intellect. Thus, organizations focuses on employees and their intellectual capital. In this regards, one of the promising attribute is to focus on the creativity of employees. With this view, the present composition has made an attempt to pierce the existing literature focused on improving organizational behaviour and productivity through employee creativity. Accordingly, more than 218 research papers have been reviewed. Based on such research attempts, framework has been developed with the aim to explore avenues for fetching desired level of creativity from employees.
THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
Authors: Selvan Dr. S.C.B. Samuel Anbu , Priyadarshini Amita
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as one of the most transformative and intriguing fields in human history. Its roots can be traced back to ancient times, when humans first pondered the concept of creating machines capable of mimicking human intelligence. The 21st Century has seen this vision come to fruition with AI no longer being a fictional concept but our present-day reality. The advent of AI in the business field leads to questions of how industry will be impacted and how continued adoption and growth of AI in business processes will take place. The presence of AI could dramatically impact cost structures, change production processes, create new products and change job requirements and qualifications. This chapter aims to explore the fascinating history of AI, from its nascent beginnings to its present-day impact, highlighting its inroads into investment decision making. The application of AI in investment decision making will not only creates opportunities for businesses but will also require businesses to address certain challenges it will bring along with it.
MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: A CASE STUDY OF ODISHA STATE
Authors: Pradhan Lambodar , Mandal Lipikabala
Published: June 2024

Migration is a key component of evolutionary growth and has a long history in forming human society. People constantly move inside and between particular geographic locations. "Migration" refers to a person's temporary or permanent relocation from one place to another. It is derived from the Latin word "Migrate," which implies moving one's domicile. Unemployment is a major worry in both economic theory and policy formulation despite economies facing various internal and external challenges. Most people look for work to have a steady income, which improves their quality of life. If a person can't find work where they are, they may decide to relocate to a place with more jobs available. We call this "labour migration." Migration is a shift over a certain time from one place to another that frequently crosses administrative boundaries and entails a change in residence. People are driven to relocate from locations with fewer employment prospects to those where jobs are more readily available by the gap in development levels between various economies or regions within the same economy. Migrating within the same country is called internal migration, but migrating abroad is referred to as external migration or emigration. Finding work is one of the main reasons labourers move. Wage disparities can still be a factor in migration, as workers may move from locations with lower pay to those with higher incomes, even when employment prospects are identical in two places.
NET ZERO EMISSIONS IN HVACR INDUSTRY
Authors: Badgujar Amarish
Published: June 2024

Carbon neutrality or net zero emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases, refers to limiting emissions and eliminating greenhouse gases, thereby preventing their upsurge in the stratosphere that causes worldwide warming. Acute climate changes that could threaten the species' existence on earth. It is estimated that the sea level has augmented by 0.24 m and will be in the range of 0.3-1.5 m by 2100 due to global warming. The only way we can stop sustained and long-term sea level rise is to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to levels close to pre-industrial levels. This requires more than maintaining carbon levels. The carbon reduction would be the first big step for humanity to prevent the rapid destruction of the environment. The paper presents the issue of global warming due to greenhouse gases and necessary actions by Heating Ventilation Air-conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR) industries for net zero emissions, which is the demand of the future and is a must for business growth without any harm to the environment.
INFLUENCE OF INJECTION TIMING (IT) ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE OPERATED ON DUAL-FUEL MODE
Authors: Halewadimath Sushrut S. , Timmanagoudar Shrinivas , Gogeri Sucheet M. , Banapurmath N. R. , Joshi Anand K
Published: June 2024

In present scenario fossil fuels are getting depleted, in addition to this dependency and price are increasing. A time may come in future there might have no fossil fuel left. Hence we need to make use of alternate fuels, in order to make a better future. Therefore renewable fuels can be predominantly used as fuel for transportation and power generation applications. In view of this background, effect of injection timing (IT) on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics have been investigated in a single cylinder, four stroke water cooled direct injection (DI) compression ignition (CI) engine operated on dual fuel mode using Neem Oil methyl ester (NeOME) and producer gas induction. In the present experimental investigation, an effort has been made to enhance the performance of a dual fuel engine utilizing different IT (19o to 31o in step of 4o ) was optimized. Results of investigation on NeOME-producer gas operation showed increased brake thermal efficiency with reduced emission levels at 27O before top dead center (bTDC).
SHIFTING OF HEAT ENERGY VIA TRANSVERSE PARALLEL SHEETS CONFIRMED WITH NATURAL CONVECTION
Authors: Singh Sudhansu Sekhar , Sahoo Abinash , Nayak Ramesh Chandra , Khuntia Krutibash , Sendha Prabina Pratyus
Published: June 2024

Due to the progression in each and every aspect concern with energy production, utilization and harnessing of the same has been drastically optimized. The energy draws out from heat sources is one of a type among all convectional and non-convectional sources of energies. The pattern of heat energy shift through natural convection has a number of applications found in the market .The uses of this kind of energy can be listed as electrical and electronics equipments, nuclear reactors, domestic convection, dry cooling towers, thermo siphons, installed in ground and many more. On the account of functional continuity and longevity aspect the heat generates due to work execution must be radiated out of the machineries. Considering the influence concern with heat energy shift upon the untie finished pipes of upright means, it is of very trivial magnitude, As a matter of fact, the diverse field of solar and nuclear energy connecting with thermal fluid systems has also been greatly impacted by natural convection heat energy flow. Converging to the current event where heat energy shifts between two parallel flat plates excited electrically on the external region of the units to keeping steady heat flux at the boundary. The magnitude pertaining with parameters/edges like thickness, Breadth and length are 5mm, 150mm and 500 mm correspondingly. Since the exterior region maintained insulation, hence the shifting of heat energy is admitted to regulate from interior region towards the adjoined air molecules .The particular wall heat energy flux denoted by the symbol ‘q’ maintained at a magnitude of 2188W/m2.consequent to this a definite analytical as well as observational values adhering with steady state phenomena has been laid out. Keeping the heat flux status same the temp values drawn out analytically on behalf of air and wall units have successfully monitored against the particular experimental values. The outcomes concern with both the approaches match with one another yielding the heat flux magnitude of 2188W/m2.
TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY ON AUTOMOTIVE BRAKING USING THE EFFECT OF LASER SURFACES TEXTURING
Authors: M Prem Ananth , J Sivaramapandian , R Rohit Antony , R Prathish Srimen , A Prathap
Published: June 2024

Most commercial vehicles use disc brake system for braking. Brake pads are usually worn out due to frictional force caused on material surface. Increasing WR (WR) enhances life of the brake pad material. Hence, laser engraving method is used to improve the WR of the braking material. It is highly practical to investigate friction and wear. Any mechanical system's capability to perform needs adequate friction and wear characteristics. Improving the WR of braking system by studying the wear properties of materials like Aluminum Alloy and Mild steel material is also of great importance. In this paper, different patterns of dimples are inscribed on the surface of the material and an experiment investigation carried out using ‘pin on disc’ (POD) tribometer to study the wear characteristics and also to find the most efficient material-pattern combination.
EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF B4C AND ALUMINIUM OXIDE REINFORCED HYBRID ALUMINIUM COMPOSITES FOR THE AUTOMOBILE, AEROSPACE APPLICATION IN FUTURE
Authors: Ananth M. Prem , Sivaramapandian J.
Published: June 2024

In this century we are in a position to think about alternate material for all the application. Based on this ideology, we started to work on the ‘Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites(AMMC) because of its many good and essential characteristics. AMMC are widely favored in industries like marine, aerospace and automotive due to its exceptional properties, including strength-to-weight ratio is high and excellent resistance to wear. Furthermore, the incorporation of nano-sized particles is gaining momentum as it improves the strength of the Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) while. These studies focuses on the production and assess the characteristics of mechanical of an Aluminium Matrix composites (AMC) reinforced with ‘micro-sized Boron Carbide (B4C) and nano-sized aluminum oxide’ using stir casting technique.
SOCIAL WELFARE SCHEME FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES WOMEN IN TAMILNADU - A STUDY
Authors: Suresh S. , D. Sivakuamar Dr.
Published: June 2024

This study examines the social welfare schemes available for scheduled tribe’s women in Tamil Nadu. Scheduled tribe’s women face several social and economic challenges due to their marginalized status in society. The government of Tamil Nadu has implemented various social welfare schemes to address these challenges and uplift the living standards of scheduled tribe’s women. The study uses both primary and secondary data to analyze the effectiveness of these social welfare schemes. The primary data was collected through interviews and surveys conducted among scheduled tribe’s women in Tamil Nadu. The secondary data was collected from government reports, academic journals, and other relevant sources. The study finds that the government of Tamil Nadu has implemented several social welfare schemes for scheduled tribe’s women, including education scholarships, healthcare facilities, and economic empowerment programs. However, there are several challenges faced by scheduled tribe’s women in accessing these schemes, including lack of awareness, bureaucratic hurdles, and inadequate funding. The study recommends several measures to address these challenges, including increasing awareness about the social welfare schemes among scheduled tribe’s women, simplifying the application process, and increasing funding for these programs. The study concludes that there is a need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of these schemes to ensure their effectiveness in addressing the social and economic challenges faced by scheduled tribe’s women in Tamil Nadu.
KAZUO ISHIGURO’S THE REMAINS OF THE DAY: ENUMERATION OF SUPPRESSED DESIRES AND IMAGES IN CONCERN WITH FREUDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: P. Ishwariya Ms. , Ajantha Lt. Dr. B.
Published: June 2024

Psychoanalysis Theory is one of the literature’s burgeoning theories. Sigmund Freud is the major proponent and contributor of the theory. His method of analyzing the theory is for literary purposes or a therapeutic method. Psychosis represents the main mechanism of wishful thinking when the mind is awake. The concept of wish fulfillment is depicted in the work of Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams and it can be occurred in two-stage: while sleeping and awake. The motto of Wish Fulfillment Theory is to fulfill the person’s suppressed needs and requirements. Carl Jung is another significant Psychoanalytic writer who introduced Psyche archetypes. Those archetypes are Persona, Anima/Animus, Shadow and Self. This research paper explores the Persona and the Self of the character Butler. This research paper scrutinizes Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel The Remains of the Day through the lens of Freud’s wish fulfillment theory. The Stream of Consciousness approach is reflected by the character Stevens in this work, and the novel explores the character's repressed and suppressed internal thoughts in his mind. This novel addresses World War II and the devastation caused, which stifled people’s thoughts and minds. On one hand Stevens, the butler, is devoted to his master and upholds the dignity of the master by responding to his requirements. He, on the other hand, struggles to meet his own needs.
EXPLORING WORK-LIFE BALANCE THROUGH THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Aggarwal Dr. Nidhi
Published: June 2024

The emerging and budding issue to have balance in professional and personal life termed as ‘work life balance’ is of great concern. It is associated and connected with employees’ burnout and stress in particular and organizational productivity in general. In today's competitive corporate world, a positive relationship between paid employment and unpaid tasks is important for success. Work-life balance is a topic that has evolved as a result of economic, demographic and cultural changes. Work-life balance is a dynamic equilibrium in which a person prioritizes both his and her professional and personal obligations equally. Any conflict between work and family life creates resentment and has a detrimental effect on employees' well-being. This paper focused on ill-effects of work life imbalance and how to combat this issue both at individual and organizational level, thus helping women in developing the sense of contentment, satisfaction and a sense of belonging at place of work. It builds and create healthy atmosphere for work win-win situation for the employees and the organization.