bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Возможности генной инженерии: фантастика и реальность
Authors: Майленова Фарида Габделхаковна
Published: December 2019

Завышенные ожидания от применения открытий современных генетиков, подогреваемые не всегда корректным освещением их в СМИ, а также в современной литературе и кино, особенно в произведениях научной фантастики, могут порождать необоснованные надежды, а впоследствии — разочарования, так как эмоционально негативно воспринимается именно разница между ожиданием и реальностью. Громкие заголовки публикаций в СМИ, рассказывающие об открытиях и успехах генной инженерии, призваны привлечь внимание читателя, однако в таких статьях редко указывается, что большей частью полученные знания представляют лишь этап на пути серьезного изменения медицинских практик, а ожидаемые результаты будут далеко не сразу.

Недостаточная осведомленность о возможных последствиях применения технологий порождает противоречивые мнения от слепой нерассуждающей веры в этичность ученых и полной беспечности до алармизма с призывами ограничить или запретить все исследования, затрагивающие природу человека.

Эти противоречия ярко отражаются в произведениях научной фантастики, образы которой можно рассматривать как своеобразное полупрозрачное зеркало, в котором видны очертания возможного будущего. Богатый, ценностно и эмоционально насыщенный нарратив, который нам предоставляют кино и литература, особенно в жанре научной фантастики, позволяет выделить острую этико-психологическую составляющую биоэтических проблем, которые вплетены в живую ткань повествования и могут многое поведать о возможных эмоциональных и социальных проблемах в будущем.
Семиотический подход в биоэтике: от морального кодекса читателя к этике чистого листа
Authors: Попова Ольга Владимировна
Published: December 2019

Целью статьи является исследование возможностей использования эвристических ресурсов семиотики в современном биоэтическом дискурсе. Опираясь на идеи классиков семиотики Ч. С. Пирса, В. леди Уэлби, У. Эко автор обращает внимание на концепт знака как этически релевантного объекта. В процессе исследования демонстрируется необходимость поиска «семантических универсалий» (понятие У. Эко), которые должны были бы обеспечить универсальные соматические (телесные) права человека. По мнению автора, данные универсалии являются фундирующими для биоэтического дискурса и, в целом, являются необходимыми для перевода динамики науки «в интеллектуальное и моральное русло» (В. Уэлби).

На основе использования результатов исследований отечественных философов (Б. Г. Юдина, П. Д. Тищенко, И. В. Мелик-Гайказян и др.) артикулирован ряд проблем биоэтики, позволяющих оценить релевантность семантического подхода для формирования биоэтического знания. Показано, что языковые игры с именованием и манипулированием знаками, представляющие реализацию лингвистического модуса конструирования человека, зачастую направлены на осуществление тех или иных прагматических биомедицинских целей, которые соответствуют познавательным интенциям ученого, например, связанным с проведением успешного биомедицинского эксперимента. При переходе в рассуждениях о человеке от персонально ориентированного дискурса к дискурсам о «вещах», «артефактах», «объектах опыта» и т. д. дискурсивное пространство может использоваться как инструмент легитимации каких-либо действий по отношению к человеческому существу.

Сделан вывод о том, что среди существующих стратегий толкования человеческого существования (в контексте распространяющихся тенденций генетического и нейронаучного редукционизма) необходимо отстаивать нередукционистскую герменевтику человека и сопряженную с нею «этику чистого листа» (понятие О. В. Поповой).
Маргинальность как социальное явление: трактовка Роберта Парка
Authors: Кочетков Антон Витальевич
Published: December 2019

В статье рассматриваются смысл и назначение понятия «маргинальность» в трактовке Роберта Парка. Показано, что «маргинальный человек» Р. Парка находится в состоянии конфликта и раздвоения, а его действия детерминированы неспособностью к адаптации к новой культуре.
The Doctrine of Legitimate Expectations in Tax Relations
Authors: Yadrikhinsky S A
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the doctrine of legitimate expectations in relation to the Russian tax sphere, which is popular in the European and American legal order. The main idea of the doctrine is the deterrence of the discretionary beginning of public authorities in the implementation of their activities. The promise given by the authorities forms a certain individual expectation, which is subject to protection if it is in the rank of «legitimate». Accordingly, the public authority is bound by this promise and is not free to change or cancel it; there must be a good reason and appropriate justification for making a decision that runs counter to formed expectations. The government must meet the expectations created by it, or at least to minimize the negative effect of the unpredictable deviation from this promise, including through the compensation mechanism. The reverse would mean arbitrary use of power and would contribute to an atmosphere of distrust of the law and the actions of the state. The legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, revealing the principle of maintaining the trust of citizens to the law and the actions of the state as a form of manifestation of western doctrine in the Russian version. It is concluded that the sovereign rights of the state in the matter of taxation do not make its power absolute. The state is not only the bearer of power, but also the main guarantor of the rights and legitimate interests of the person (taxpayer). It is the legal principles and human rights that underlie his legitimate expectations, define the discretionary limits of powers and criteria of discretion of the authorities and act as a deterrent to the fiscal appetite
Issues of Application of Article 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the Field of Passenger Transport by Air
Authors: Sankov V I , Perederiy V A
Published: December 2019

The presented article examines and analyzes problematic issues of application and interpretation of legal norms in the examination of communications and the investigation of criminal cases on illegal business (crimes under Art. 171 of the Criminal Code), in the provision of services for the carriage of passengers by air, on the specified type of activity, if air transportation is carried out with an excursion and other cognitive purpose. In particular, we are talking about the spread in recent years of the provision of paid services for the transportation of passengers by air for the purpose of sightseeing and familiarization flights, for the implementation of which, in the opinion of air carriers, a special permit (license) is not required. In addition, the question arises about the validity of the recognition of such entrepreneurial activity, especially if the airline that provides the service is a non-profit partnership. Activities in this area are examined on specific examples: similar services for aerotourism and helicopter excursions are provided, in particular, within the framework of the Heliport of Russia project, whose goal is to create the largest network of modern multifunctional helicopter systems throughout the country. From the decision of these questions depends presence or absence of signs of the given crime. Based on the analysis of legislation, various points of view of specialists, as well as judicial practice, the authors state their position and propose ways of solving these problems. The authors believe that in the presence of necessary conditions (extraction of income as a result of activity in a large or especially large amount), the activities of non-profit partnerships for the transportation of passengers by air transport while providing services for their excursion services, as well as «aerotaxi» services without an appropriate license, may contain a composition a crime under Art. 171 of the Criminal Code.
Anti-dogmatic: a New Understanding of the Criminal Process and Law
Authors: Aleksandrov Alexander Sergeevich , Vlasova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: December 2019

The modern state legal mechanism for combating crime conceptually developed on the ideas of the classical understanding of the state and law. When transitioning to a digital socio-economic formation, its conceptual framework is subject to revision. This methodological problem requires interdisciplinary efforts on the part of specialists from all branches of law. Meanwhile, since “proceduralism” is recognized as the dominant feature of the new legal regulation and the new legal organization in the fight against crime, proceduralism acquires methodological significance. The procedural doctrine of the lawsuit, as a universal legal means of legal self-defense, should be the basis for a new model for resolving criminal law disputes, which can be presented on the digital platform of the state. The digital transformation of state and law makes it possible, at a new stage in the development of civilization, to revive the forms and means of direct democracy that have already been tested in history. Based on non-classical ideas about state and law, the authors propose to restore the accusatory process, popular accusation, free proof, “customary law” (in the form of “wiki-law”) using digital information and communication technologies. It is proposed to make the transition from the traditional investigative type of application of criminal law to a new type of legal organization of the resolution of criminal disputes, based on self-defense subjects of their interests, the interaction of the police, prosecutors, the public and business. The article attempts to rethink some fundamental provisions of the general theory of law, criminal law and process in the context of the concepts of “procedural determinism”, “anthropocentricity”,“ecosystem”, “state-as-platform”. The authors believe that dogmatic and the dogmatic style of thinking that they cultivate are not capable of giving new knowledge about how the legal mechanism for protection against crime should be arranged and work in the digital age.
What the actualization of the question leads about philosophy of branches of law?
Authors: Bochkarev Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the prospects and state of the philosophy of law and philosophy of the branches of law. This topic was discussed for the first time in the history of modern legal science after in 2017 the editorial staff of the Russian Journal of Legal Research put it out for wide discussion by publishing a number of articles on the subject in the journal (No. 1, 2017). The proposal to pay attention to this topic received the response of leading scientists from different regions of the country and neighboring countries. As a result of an active and interested attitude of specialists, a thorough and collective discussion of the problems, a kind of intersectoral and “brainstorming,” was obtained. Only on the journal’s website (russianjls.ru) over 18 thousand downloads of articles by the authors of this issue were made. The editors received a significant number of reviews, and the publication itself was highly appreciated among practicing and theorizing lawyers. Updating the philosophical understanding of the branches of law is not a tribute to fashion. It is due to a long overdue need.
Procedure Independence of Judges:the Nature and Problems of Security
Authors: Gizatullin Irek Al'fredovich
Published: December 2019

The independence of judges as a guarantee of the exercise of justice is an axiological imperative, the need to ensure which is recognized by any state that has accepted the theory of separation of powers. The issues of establishing an independent court have always been and continue to be decisive in the conduct of judicial reforms in the country aimed at building a strong, independent and accessible judiciary.The paper draws attention to the special significance of procedural (criminal procedure) guarantees in the system of legislative measures to ensure the independence of judges, since they determine the freedom of a judge in choosing a legal position when performing his main and only function - resolving a criminal case. The independence of the judge as a participant in the process requires that the criminal procedure law provide for those procedures that allow the judge to decide without any dependence on the wishes of the litigants and in the absence of any outside inf luence. At the same time, the modern conditions of the implementation of the judiciary testify to the frequent limitation of procedural independence by circumstances that are not related to the procedure of the case. On the basis of empirical data, it is shown that non-procedural factors related to the corporate inf luence of the judicial community and the mental attachment of judges to one or another corporate tradition have a significant impact on the procedural independence of judges.
The Eternally Living and Developing Idea of Constitutionalism in the Context of the Foundations and the Essence of Activity the Supreme Body of Constitutional Justice of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kovtun Nikolay Nikolaevich
Published: December 2019

Studying the legal foundations of the functioning of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the essence of its final acts, the author reveals the main conf licts that the practice of constitutional justice has objectified, directly or indirectly leveling out the very idea of creating and socially-normative appointment of this body in the state and society.
A year in review
Authors: Hoogland Margaret A.
Published: December 2019

The Medical Library Association-Research Training Institute (MLA-RTI) is an opportunity for librarians to get hands-on experience and mentoring from faculty experts on how to design, execute, present, and publish the results of a one-year research project.
EVALUATING INTEGRATION OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION PROCESS WITH SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND TORREFACTION PROCESS
Authors: KASAEİAN Alibakhsh
Published: December 2019

In the present study, the integration of a solid oxide fuel cell with the biomass gasification process in which the torrefied biomass produced in a torrefaction process is used as the feedstock has been investigated. This novel design gives the power generation system the advantage of eliminating the filtration of the fuel cell inlet gas. This is because of the absence of sulfur and its derivatives in the synthesized gas owing to the terrified biomass, as the feedstock of the gasification process. Moreover, the integration of the processes makes it possible to employ the heat recovery methods. Therefore, by using the high-grade thermal energies for preheating process flows, the presented design considers the maximum available heat recovery and minimum heat and mass losses. The optimum design is determined by the sensitivity analysis and then simulated using the ASPEN PLUS software and its performance has been studied. It was specified that in the optimum operation state, the gasifier outlet temperature and pressure are 950 °C and 5 bar, respectively. Also, the oxygen flow rate in the anode of SOFC and the combustion chamber are 3.03 and 0.81 kmol/h, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that the presented design causes an improvement in the performance of the fuel cell. The electrical efficiency and the overall efficiency of the system are determined to be in the range of 63-69% and 80-85%, respectively. Also, it was revealed that the presented design has the power generation capacity of 100 to 997 kW.
Why a multidisciplinary agenda for Southern Europe?
Authors: De Noronha Teresa , Vaz Eric
Published: December 2019

Since the process of southern Europe's integration in the European Union, the Mediterranean region has seen a more considerable gap between central and northern European countries and its southern European counterpart. Thus, in a European context of social cohesion, it becomes necessary to better understand Southern Europe, without escaping to the so required perception of the complexity of Mediterranean culture. As a significant player along history, Southern Europe established a platform of diversity and freedom consistently, bringing peace between different historic-cultural traditions. Moreover, the southern frontier of Europe to Africa and Asia has become a crucial determinant in the current times of change where ruptures in the political systems are also defining new patterns of regional migration.  Meanwhile, the integration of Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Greece in the European Union reinforced an essential search for stability, altering to some extent the political and economic predispositions of these countries. This has been followed by somewhat rigid institutions, that remain, to a certain extent, an obstacle to sustainable development, and justify a broader assessment of the potential of policy and governance intervention. A Mediterranean region where a context of stagnation or increasing poverty and migration is leading most impoverished areas to a deleterious deprivation of human resources and capital. In such cases towards conflict, Southern European countries may represent a bridging alternative and an exemplar representation of democracy. A co-joint positive Mediterranean agenda is necessary, where migration patterns become a substantial factor in the future of all the frontier countries: Italy and Greece, Spain, and Portugal. This special issue collects recent insights in socio-economic developments in Mediterranean countries in order to further a future agenda for Southern Europe.
HIF-1: the knowns and unknowns of hypoxia sensing.
Authors: Zagórska Anna , Dulak Józef
Published: December 2019

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcriptional activator that functions as a master regulator of cellular and systemic oxygen homeostasis. It consists of two constitutively produced subunits: HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta. Under normoxic conditions HIF-1alpha undergoes hydroxylation at specific prolyl residues which leads to an immediate ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the alpha subunit. Additionally, hydroxylation of an asparaginyl residue blocks the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 due to inhibition of its interaction with co-activators. In contrast, under hypoxic conditions, abolition of prolyl hydroxylation results in HIF-1alpha stabilization, whereas the lack of asparaginyl hydroxylation allows the transcriptional activity. Additionally, the transcriptional activity may be modulated by phosphorylation or redox modification of HIF-1. Despite its name, HIF-1 is induced not only in response to reduced oxygen availability but also by other stimulants, such as nitric oxide, various growth factors, or direct inhibitors of prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases. Therefore, it seems to be a crucial transcription factor elicited by a wide range of stresses such as impaired oxygenation, inflammation, energy deprivation, or intensive proliferation. However, the mechanisms of normoxic activation, as well as of oxygen sensing, are not yet fully known. Further understanding of the processes that control HIF-1 activity will be crucial for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
In vivo gene transfer using cetylated polyethylenimine.
Authors: Sochanik Aleksander , Cichoń Tomasz , Makselon Monika , Strózyk Małgorzata , Smolarczyk Ryszard , Jazowiecka-Rakus Joanna , Szala Stanisław
Published: December 2019

This report describes gene transfer in vitro as well as in vivo using cetylated low-molecular mass (600 Da) polyethylenimine (28% of amine groups substituted with cetyl moieties), termed CT-PEI. This compound is hydrophobic and has to be incorporated into liposomes in order to be suitable for gene transfer studies. Serum-induced plasmid DNA degradation assay demonstrated that CT-PEI-containing liposomal carriers could protect complexed DNA (probably via condensation). In vitro luciferase gene expression achieved using medium supplemented with 10% serum was comparable to that achieved in serum-reduced medium and was highest for CT-PEI/cholesterol liposomes, followed by CT-PEI/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes and PEI 600 Da (uncetylated) carrier. In vivo systemic transfer into mice was most efficient when liposome formulations contained CT-PEI and cholesterol. Higher luciferase expression was then observed in lungs than in liver.
liposomes containing cetylated polyethylenimine and cholesterol are a suitable vehicle for investigating systemic plasmid DNA transfer into lungs.
Preliminary studies of phthalocyanine sensitizers incorporated into human leukemia cells from two cell-lines.
Authors: Wiktorowicz Krzysztof , Cofta Justyna , Dudkowiak Alina , Waszkowiak Aneta , Frackowiak Danuta
Published: December 2019

Three phthalocyanine dyes-sensitizers were incorporated into two types of human T leukemia cells from two cell-lines: CCRF and MOLT 4. The efficiency of the dye incorporation into cells and photochemical properties of stained cells were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The dyes exhibited different properties in each of the two cell-lines. Small differences in cell membrane properties have a strong influence on the efficiency of dye incorporation and on the course of photodynamic reaction. It is suggested that, for a given patient, an optimal dye-sensitizer should be established before photodynamic treatment.
Sulforaphane-mediated induction of a phase 2 detoxifying enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone reductase and apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells.
Authors: Misiewicz Irena , Skupińska Katarzyna , Kowalska Elzbieta , Lubiński Jan , Kasprzycka-Guttman Teresa
Published: December 2019

The effect of sulforaphane on human lymphoblastoid cells originating from a patient of a high cancer risk was studied. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring substance of chemopreventive activity. In our study, changes in cell growth, induction of apoptosis and phase 2 enzymes as well as glutathione level were examined. Apoptosis was tested by confocal microscopy at three stages: change in mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation and phosphatidylserine externalization. We show that SFN increases the activity of the detoxification system: it increases quinone reductase activity at low concentration (0.5-1 microM) and raises glutathione level in a dose-dependent manner. At higher doses (2.5-10 microM) sulforaphane is a cell growth modulator, as it caused cell growth cessation (IC50 = 3.875 microM), and apoptosis inducer. The results obtained suggest that sulforaphane acts as a chemopreventive agent in human lymphoblastoid cells.
Clinical value of peripheral blood M2/M1 like monocyte ratio in the diagnosis of breast cancer and the differentiation between benign and malignant breast tumors
Authors: Fadhil Mustafa , Abdul- Rasheed Omar , Al-Naqqash Manwar
Published: December 2019

Background: During tumor progression, circulating monocytes and macrophages are actively recruited into tumors where they alter the tumor microenvironment to accelerate tumor progression. In response to multiple microenvironmental signals from the tumor and stromal cells, macrophages change their functional phenotypes. Based on their function, macrophages are commonly classified into both, classical M1 and alternative M2 macrophages. M2-like tumor-associated macrophages promote breast tumor growth and survival, and may migrate into the peripheral blood. However, the level of circulating M2/M1-like monocyte ratio in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients has not been yet clarified. Aim: To compare peripheral blood M2/M1 monocyte ratio among breast cancer patients, benign breast tumor patients and healthy subjects. Also, to investigate the role of peripheral blood M2/M1 monocyte ratio as a circulating breast cancer tumor marker and to asses the validity of this marker in differentiation between benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: Flow cytometry technique was used to determine the peripheral blood M2/M1 monocyte ratio in three groups of subjects, i.e. 45 patients with breast cancer, 40 patients with benign breast tumor, and 40 healthy subjects as a control group. The results of carbohydrate antigen15-3 (CA15-3) determination were analyzed comparatively. Results: The peripheral blood M2/M1 monocyte ratio in patients with breast cancer (0.27±0.1) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that in healthy subjects (0.07±0.05) and than in benign tumor subjects (0.08±0.04). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of peripheral blood M2/M1 monocyte ratio determination was significantly higher (P≤0.001) than that of CA15-3 levels. Conclusion: M2/M1-like monocyte ratio is of a high diagnostic value for breast cancer and is a promising differentiating marker between benign and breast cancer tumor groups.
Plasma MicroRNA-200c as A Prognostic Biomarker for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Trirahmanto Addin , Winarto Hariyono , Kekalih Aria , Sandra Ferry
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the 8th most prevalent cancer in women in the world. Current biomarker prognosis for ovarian cancer has numerous limitations, thus new biomarkers are needed. MicroRNAs (miRs) are considered as potential biomarkers in ovarian cancer as they are stable in blood. One candidate is miR-200c, the main regulator in epithelial transition to the mesenchyme. The aim of this study is to determine the role of miR-200c as prognostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital in Yogyakarta from September 2015 to July 2018. Sampling was done using consecutive sampling method. Forty plasma samples of EOC subjects were included in this study. miR-200c expression was quantified using Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTqPCR) with miR-16 as the reference gene.RESULTS: The expression of miR-200c was significantly higher in the group of subjects with preoperative CA-125 levels >500 U/mL (p=0.009) than the group of subjects with preoperative CA-125 levels <500 U/mL. Subjects with higher miR-200c expression had lower survival rate than subjects with lower miR-200c expression, although not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: The miR-200c could be a promising biomarker for EOC. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the prognostic value of miR200c.KEYWORDS: miR-200c, epithelial ovarian cancer, prognosis, overall survival
WIF1 Qualitative-Methylation from Peripheral Blood Could Not Be Used as Biomarker for The Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma or Smoking Behavior in Yogyakarta Panel
Authors: Kurniawan Aditya , Risanti Erika Diana , Suhda Saihas , Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Dwianingsih Ery Kus , Fachiroh Jajah
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking plays an important role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk. The Wingless-related integration site (WNT) Inhibitory Factor 1 (WIF1) as one of the tumor suppressor gene (TSG), functions to control cell proliferation through suppression of WNT signaling pathway. WIF1 methylation is one of epigenetic mechanisms which causes overactivated of WNT pathway in NPC development. WIF1 methylation from buffy coat related to smoking status and NPC risk is not known yet.METHODS: This was a nested case-control study involving 39 newly diagnosed NPC patients and 40 healthy controls. All subjects were enrolled at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Subjects were male, with known smoking status, duration, and quantity of cigarette consumed. Parallel DNA isolated from buffy coat was used for WIF1 DNA methylation analysis, by using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) method. Chi-square analysis was used to determine distribution of differences among groups. Two tailed p-value≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.RESULTS: No significant difference between WIF1 methylation of cases and controls (p=0.30), nor smoking habit among smokers (p=0.51) and non-smokers (p=0.43).CONCLUSION: WIF1 methylation from buffy coat could not be used as an NPC marker nor as a smoking behavior marker.KEYWORDS: buffy coat, cigarette smoking, methylation, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, WIF1
Study of Electronic Transition of Complex Fe (III), Ni (II) and Zn (II)-1.10-Phenanthroline: Modelling and UV-Vis Spectra Analysis
Authors: ARİF RAKHMAN Khusna , ZAM ZAM Zulkifl , UMAR Sudir , ABDJAN Muhammad İkhlas
Published: December 2019

Geometric modeling and
geometric optimization of Fe (III)-1.10-Phenantroline (Fe-Phen), Ni (II)-1.10-Phenantroline
(Ni-Phen) and Zn (II)-1.10-Phenantroline (Zn-Phen) compounds have been carried
out computing using the semi-empirical method of PM3. The spectral measurements
and the study of complex electronic compositions using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer
and simulation of ZINDO/s (Zerner's
Neglect of Differential Overlap) calculations.
The optimum result of the geometry of complex molecule found there is a change
of charge in each complex with stable energy. The UV-Vis spectra measurements
showed λmax in the Fe-Phen complex: 315.50 nm, Ni-Phen complex: 325.00 nm and
Zn-Phen complex: 315.00 nm. The electronic transition occurring at these three
complexes shows the transition characteristics of electrons at the level of the
molecular orbitals π to π* and the degree of the molecular orbitals n to π⃰.
Electron transition energy in complex orbital molecules can be observed in the
energy changes of each molecular orbitals.
NGURUP CIMPLUNG: FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY IN BANJARNEGARA HOUSEHOLD
Authors: Dewi Nurul Friska
Published: December 2019

This study aims to look at the lives of farmers from a survival strategy perspective. An ethnographic approach is used with participant observation and interviews. The results of the study show that despite changes due to modernization of agriculture, local traditions and knowledge are still carried out. There are at least two strategies that are carried out in overcoming food security in their households, namely the short-term strategy, done by “ngurup cimplung”, taking plants around that can be used for daily needs. Whereas the long-term strategy is done by carrying out various rituals, namely “gethekan”, “Ujungan Ritual”, as well as istisqa prayers, all of which are to wish the Divine pleasure to keep nature-friendly with them. The strategy of performing this ritual also has a large function in food security both at the community and household level and even at the individual level. Each special event usually serves local food. For them, the efforts made are as an exchange effort, as “ngurup cimplung” is an economic exchange effort. Performing rituals by presenting a variety of foods are believed to get an equivalent fortune even more abundant than that given. Although rice is a staple food in every activity, the people of Gumelem, Banjarnegara can still use it wisely as a food security effort.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kehidupan petani dari perspektif survival strategy. Pendekatan etnografi digunakan dengan teknik observasi partisipan dan wawancara. Hasil studi menunjukkan meskipun terjadi perubahan akibat modernisasi pertanian, tetapi tradisi dan pengetahuan lokal tetap dilakukan. Ada dua strategi yang dilakukan petani yaitu strategi jangka pendek yaitu dengan “ngurup cimplung”, mengambil tanaman di sekitar yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari. Sedangkan strategi jangka panjang dilakukan dengan melakukan berbagai ritual, yaitu “gethekan”, ritual adat ujungan, maupun sholat istisqa yang kesemuanya adalah mengaharap ridha Ilahi agar alam tetap bersahabat dengan mereka. Dengan melakukan ritual ini juga memiliki fungsi besar dalam ketahanan pangan baik di level komunitas maupun rumah tangga bahkan individu. Setiap kegiatan khusus biasanya menyuguhkan pangan lokal. Bagi mereka, upaya yang dilakukan adalah sebagai upaya pertukaran, sebagaimana “ngurup cimplung” merupakan upaya pertukaran ekonomi. Sedangkan melakukan ritual dengan menyuguhkan berbagai makanan dipercaya akan mendapatkan rejeki yang setara bahkan lebih berlimpah dari yang diberikan. Meskipun beras menjadi makanan pokok di setiap aktivitas, tetapi masyarakat Gumelem, Banjarnegara tetap bisa menggunakan dengan bijak sebagai upaya ketahanan pangan.
Teachers' Attitudes, Motivation, and Use of iPads to Support Children With Learning Disabilities Versus Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Eden Sigal , Navon Margalit , Shamir Adina
Published: December 2019

The aim of the current study is to compare teachers' attitudes, motivation, and use of iPads to support teaching children with learning disabilities (LD) versus children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three hundred and nine teachers (294 females and 15 males) between the ages of 25 to 62 (M= 42.66) participated in the study. The teachers were divided into two groups according to their students' disability type: 221 teachers of students with LD and 88 teachers of students with ASD. The teachers were evaluated by six questionnaires: demographic characteristics, general technology use, experience with iPads, digital competencies, attitudes toward iPads, and teacher's preparedness for iPad use. Results show that teachers in both groups find that the iPad is a useful tool to promote teaching and learning. However, the findings reveal that teachers of children with ASD use iPads more frequently and for a longer duration in the classroom. Furthermore, teachers of students with ASD seek more training.
Promoting Low-Income Preschoolers' Vocabulary Learning From Educational Media: Does Repetition Support Memory for Learned Word Knowledge?
Authors: Samudra Preeti G. , Wong Kevin M. , Neuman Susan B.
Published: December 2019

Children from diverse backgrounds are able to learn new words from educational media. However, learning is often partial and fragile, leaving much room for uncovering strategies that can increase the efficacy of educational media in supporting children's vocabulary knowledge. The present study investigated one such strategy—repeated viewing of educational media—in a sample of low-income preschoolers. One hundred thirty one preschoolers were randomly assigned to view an educational media clip teaching three vocabulary words in one of three conditions: (a) once, (b) three times in immediate succession (massed repetition), or (c) three times with views spaced 1 hour apart (spaced repetition). Children completed a target vocabulary assessment both immediately after the final view and 1 week later. Results indicate that certain types of word knowledge were supported by repetition, particularly spaced repetition. Children also effectively retained the vocabulary knowledge they acquired from educational media over a 1-week period in all conditions. This suggests that educational media is a strong platform for teaching low-income preschoolers new words, and that spaced repetition might further support low-income preschoolers' vocabulary learning.
The Role of Calibration of Comprehension in Adolescence: From Theory to Online Training
Authors: Kleider-Tesler Einat , Prior Anat , Katzir Tami
Published: December 2019

The current study examined the effects of a computerized training program on reading comprehension, confidence ratings, and calibration of comprehension in adolescents with poor and good reading comprehension. Ninety 10th graders participated in the study and completed three training sessions. In each session, participants read two expository texts and answered multiple-choice questions. For each answer they gave, participants also rated their confidence. Participants were assigned to one of three online training conditions that differed in the type of immediate feedback provided after each question: (a) Feedback on performance; (b) Feedback on performance and on calibration; (c) Feedback on performance with scaffolding (a cue for correcting wrong answers). Results demonstrated that scaffolding feedback was the most effective training condition, leading to improved comprehension performance and calibration, especially for poor comprehenders. These findings highlight the necessity of developing theoretical and practice models of online feedback interventions for reading comprehension and self-evaluation abilities.
Description of Boys and Girls' Nonverbal and Verbal Engagement With Electronic and Paper Books
Authors: Rvachew Susan , Thompson Dahlia , Carolan Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

Girls often outperform boys on measures of literacy achievement. This gender gap in literacy performance has been observed to be persistent over developmental time, consistent across multiple domains of literacy, and widely spread geographically. It is sometimes suggested that boys' achievement in the literacy domain might be improved by the availability of reading materials that are designed to engage boys' attention, such as electronic books with interactive features. We addressed the question of boys' versus girls' engagement with reading materials by observing 20 small groups of boys or girls interacting with an electronic book and then a paper book. The children's engagement with the book in each case was coded using Noldus software. Engagement was operationalized in terms of eye gaze (looking at book or reading partner vs. elsewhere), handling (i.e., touching or pointing at book or partner with engaging as opposed to prohibitive actions), and verbal behaviors (i.e., reading, paraphrasing, or talking about the book when compared to not talking or off-task talk). Total time and percent time spent engaged with each book was examined by gender. The results revealed greater nonverbal engagement with the ebook compared to the paper book but greater verbal engagement with the paper book compared to the ebook. No differences in engagement by gender were observed however.
From Chalipate to Modern State: A Reflection of Ibn Khaldun's Thought
Authors: Ridho Mohammad Zainor
Published: December 2019

Ibn Khaldun is one of the great scholars in the fields of sociology, history, philosophy, religion and politics. His thoughts are illuminating to scholars both in the East and the West. This study aims to examine this Muslim scholar’s thought on Islamic government and political system. Based on a critical-textual analysis of his work, this study shows that Ibn Khaldun formulates caliphate as general leadership of all Muslims in the world and is aimed at upholding shari’a law and spreading Islamic propagation and functions both for handling religious and worldly political affairs. The philosophical and historical analysis shows that the caliphate emerged upon the death of the Prophet and the ideal system of the caliphate lasted in the four righly-guided of the Prophet’s successors. In the subsequent periods, the Islamic leadership theories and practices vary accordingly, ranging from caliphate to imamate. Nowadays, there is a call to return to the caliphate system but, as this study argues, in the Ibn Khaldun practical-realistic theory, such a call is hardly fulfilled due to irreconcilable political system and different socio-religious contexts between those ideal periods and those of the current challenges.
The role of COX-2, caspase-1 and IL-17 in pericoronitis-related inflammation due to lower third molar impaction
Authors: Prayitno Adi
Published: December 2019

Background: Inflammation of the pericorona due to lower third molar impaction (LTMI) is often diagnosed as pericoronitis. Expression of cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) and caspase-1 may be induced by lipopolysacharide (LPS) and cause pyroptosis with minimal inflammation. When LPS activates toll-like receptor (TLR-4), NOD-like receptors containing domain pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome will activate the release of pro-caspase-1 to caspase-1, followed by the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β. IL-1β and IL-23 which induces CD4+ Tcells (Th17) to produce IL-17 as a pro-inflammation cytokine. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the respective roles of COX2, caspase-1 and IL-17 in pericoronitis inflammation of the pericorona due to LTMI. Methods: Frozen section samples were produced through LTMI pericorona tissue biopsy using material provided by the Dental and Oral Clinic at Muwardi Hospital, Surakarta. The paraffin block produced was subsequently cut using a clean microtome with the resulting thin slices being placed on an object glass coated with polylysine. A diagnosis of pericoronitis was subsequently made by a pathologist. Immunohistochemical staining for COX-2, caspase-1 and IL-17 was carried out by indirect tyramide signal amplification (TSA) method. Photos were obtained by means of 100X, 200X, 400X and 1000X objective lensed microscopes to qualitatively assess the above mentioned protein expressions. T-Test was conducted in order to establish the difference in expression between the control group and pericoronitis due to LTMI. Results: The presence of a brownish yellow color indicated the expression of COX-2, caspase-1 and IL-17 in pericorona epithelial cells which visible expression categorized as moderate (30-70%). The mean expression of COX-2, caspase-1 and IL-17 was categorized as mild and there was no significant difference between the expression of the three proteins. Conclusion: COX-2, caspase-1 and IL-17 play an important role in the phyroptosis signal of LTMI pericoronitis in cases of low inflammation.
Does the Great Recession Contribute to the Convergence of Health Care Expenditures in the US States?
Authors: Clemente Jesús , Lázaro-Alquézar Angelina , Montañés Antonino
Published: December 2019

This paper examines whether the Great Recession has altered the disparities of the US regional health care expenditures. We test the null hypothesis of convergence for the US real per capita health expenditure for the period 1980-2014. Our results indicate that the null hypothesis of convergence is clearly rejected for the total sample as well as for the pre-Great Recession period. Thus, no changes are found in this regard. However, we find that the Great Recession has modified the composition of the estimated convergence clubs, offering a much more concentrated picture in 2014 than in 2008, with most of the states included in a big club, and only 5 (Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Colorado and Georgia) exhibiting a different pattern of behavior. These two estimated clubs diverge and, consequently, the disparities in the regional health sector have increased.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in Smart Production: Progress, Trends and Directions
Authors: Petrillo Antonella , Travaglioni Marta , De Felice Fabio , Cioffi Raffaele , Piscitelli Giuseppina
Published: December 2019

The history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) development dates to the 40s. The researchers showed strong expectations until the 70s, when they began to encounter serious difficulties and investments were greatly, reduced. With the introduction of the Industry 4.0, one of the techniques adopted for AI implementation is Machine Learning (ML) that focuses on the machines ability to receive data series and learn on their own. Given the considerable importance of the subject, researchers have completed many studies on ML to ensure that machines are able to replace or relieve human tasks. This research aims to analyze, systematically, the literature on several aspects, including publication year, authors, scientific sector, country, institution, keywords. Analyzing existing literature on AI is a necessary stage to recommend policy on the matter. The analysis has been done using Web of Science and SCOPUS database. Furthermore, UCINET and NVivo 12 software have been used to complete them. Literature review on ML and AI empirical studies published in the last century was carried out to highlight the evolution of the topic before and after Industry 4.0 introduction, from 1999 to now. Eighty-two articles were reviewed and classified. A first interesting result is the greater number of works published by USA and the increasing interest after the birth of Industry 4.0.
Birth order is associated with caries development in young children: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Julihn Annika , Soares Fernanda Cunha , Hammarfjord Ulrika , Hjern Anders , Dahllöf Göran
Published: December 2019

Background: Birth order has been shown to affect the health of the child; less is known, however, about how birth order affects caries development in children. Thus, the present study investigated the association between birth order and dental caries development in young children.

Methods: This retrospective registry-based cohort study included all children born in 2000–2003 who were residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 years (n = 83,147). The study followed the cohort until subjects reached 7 years of age. Children with registry data on dental examinations and sociodemographic characteristics at ages 3- and 7 years constituted the final study cohort (n = 65,259). The outcome variable was “caries increment from age 3- to 7 years” (Δdeft > 0) and the key exposure, “birth order”, was divided into five groups. A forward stepwise logistic binary regression was done for the multivariate analysis with adjustments for sociodemographic factors.

Results: At age 3 years, 94% had no fillings or manifest caries lesions. During the study period, 22.5% (n = 14,711) developed dental caries. The final logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant positive association between birth order and caries increment. Further, excess risk increased with higher birth order; with the mother’s first-born child as reference, risk for the second-born child was OR 1.17, 95% CI=1.12–1.23; for the third-born child, OR 1.47, 95% CI=1.38–1.56; for the fourth-born child, OR 1.69, 95% CI=1.52–1.88; and for the fifth-born or higher birth-order child, OR 1.84, 95% CI=1.58–2.14.

Conclusions: These findings show that birth order influences caries development in siblings, suggesting that birth order can be regarded as a predictor for caries development in young children. This factor may be helpful in assessing caries risk in preschool children and should be considered in caries prevention work in young children with older siblings.
Remuneration systems of community health workers in India and promoted maternal health outcomes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Koehn Hannah , Zheng Shenglin , Houser Robert F. , O’Hara Corey , Rogers Beatrice Lorge
Published: December 2019

Background: This study assessed the association of remuneration systems of paid-for-performance Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and salaried Anganwadi workers (AWWs) on seven maternal health outcomes in four states in India: Andhra Pradesh (AP), Chhattisgarh, Odisha (Orissa), and Uttar Pradesh (UP). Methods: The cross-sectional study surveyed mothers of children aged 6-23 months. A total of 3,455 mothers were selected via multistage cluster sampling. The seven health outcomes related to the community health worker (CHW) visits were: institutional delivery, complete immunization, exclusive breastfeeding for six months, timely introduction of complementary feeding, continued breastfeeding during child’s illness, handwashing, and awareness of Nutrition and Health Days (NHDs). Results: The results varied by state. Mothers who received ASHA visits were significantly less likely to have an institutional delivery, timely introduction of complementary feeding, awareness of Nutrition and Health Days (NHDs), proper handwashing, and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months in at least one of the four states. Conversely, AWW’s home visits were positively predictive of the following health outcomes in certain states: complete immunization for index child, continued breastfeeding during the child’s illness, handwashing, and awareness of NHDs. Conclusions: ASHAs’ home visits were not more strongly associated with health outcomes for which they were paid than outcomes for which they were unpaid. AWWs’ home visits were positively associated with awareness of NHDs, and associations varied for other recommended health behaviors. Further research could elucidate the causes for successes and failures of CHW programs in different states of India.