bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel linguistic decision-making method based on the voting model for large-scale linguistic decision making
Authors: Yan Li , Pei Zheng
Published: November 2021

The notable characteristic of large-scale linguistic decision-making problems is that there are so many decision makers who provide linguistic assessments by using fuzzy linguistic representation models. In real-world applications, fuzzy linguistic terms mean different things for different people, and linguistic assessments based on different linguistic representation models may be simultaneous in the same large-scale linguistic decision-making problems. To this end, a novel linguistic decision-making method based on the voting model is proposed in the paper to deal with multi-linguistic assessments provided by decision makers. In large-scale linguistic decision process, evaluation-based voting is defined and multi-linguistic decision matrix is designed to represent multi-linguistic assessments provided by decision makers by using different linguistic representation models, and properties of the decision matrix are analyzed to show that linguistic assessments based on different linguistic representation models can be simultaneously represented. Based on multi-linguistic decision matrix, a new linguistic decision-making framework is developed to deal with large-scale linguistic decision-making problems with multi-linguistic assessments, in which normalization of multi-linguistic decision matrix and trust degrees of linguistic terms are contained, and more important, based on trust degrees of linguistic terms and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic aggregation operators, an uniform fusion method of multi-linguistic assessments is proposed to aggregate multi-linguistic assessments of large-scale linguistic decision-making problems. Finally, user experiences of shared bikes, which are a large-scale linguistic decision-making problem in real-world applications, are employed to show the new decision-making framework and the uniform fusion method of multi-linguistic assessments, and furthermore, compared with existing linguistic decision-making methods analyzed in the example, it seems that multi-linguistic decision matrix and the uniform fusion method are useful and effective tools to deal with large-scale linguistic decision-making problems with multi-linguistic assessments.
Gross hematuria after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: questionnaire survey in Japan
Authors: Matsuzaki Keiichi , Aoki Ryousuke , Nihei Yoshihito , Suzuki Hitoshi , Kihara Masao , Yokoo Takashi , Kashihara Naoki , Narita Ichiei , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: November 2021

Background

Recent clinical reports indicate a correlation between gross hematuria after the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with glomerulonephritis, especially immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Furthermore, healthcare workers in Japan were initially vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine from February 17, 2021, and some of them experienced gross hematuria after receiving the vaccination.

Methods

We conducted a web-based survey of the councilor members of the Japanese Society of Nephrology (581 members, 382 facilities) to elucidate the relationship between gross hematuria and COVID-19 vaccination.

Results

In the first survey, 27 cases (female: 22, 81.5%) of gross hematuria were reported after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Of them, 19 (70.4%) patients were already diagnosed with IgAN at the occurrence of gross hematuria. Proteinuria appeared in eight of the 14 (57.1%) cases with no proteinuria before vaccination and hematuria in five of the seven (71.4%) cases with no hematuria before vaccination. The second survey revealed that a renal biopsy was performed after vaccination in four cases, all of whom were diagnosed with IgAN. Only one case showed a slightly increased serum creatinine level, and no patients progressed to severe renal dysfunction.

Conclusion

This study clarified the clinical features of gross hematuria after a COVID-19 vaccination. Because there was no obvious progression to severe renal dysfunction, safety of the COVID-19 vaccination is warranted at least in the protocol of inoculation twice.
Student teachers’ knowledge integration across conceptual borders: the role of study approaches, learning strategies, beliefs, and motivation
Authors: Lehmann Thomas
Published: November 2021

There is widespread agreement that student teachers need to construct an integrated knowledge base across multiple domains. This study examined the contributions of intraindividual factors of self-regulated learning to explaining student teachers’ (a) integration of knowledge across topics and domains (i.e., integrative learning) and (b) disjointed processing of potentially domain-specific learning content (i.e., separative learning). The factors considered were study approaches; cognitive, metacognitive, and resource-related learning strategy use; epistemological and pedagogical beliefs; and career choice motivation. The study applied a cross-sectional survey design and examined separative and integrative learning in N = 103 student teachers by way of multiple regression analyses with backward eliminations. A key finding is that deep and strategic study approaches and certain cognitive learning strategies contributed significantly to explaining integrative learning in student teachers. Epistemological and pedagogical beliefs were not able to predict integrative learning. Regarding separative learning, the study identified the surface study approach, specific epistemological and pedagogical beliefs, and the “usefulness” motive for career choice as positive predictors and critical thinking as a negative predictor. The study demonstrates differences in how integrative and separative learning are shaped by distinct intraindividual factors. Implications are discussed with regard to student teachers’ self-regulated learning and pre-service teacher education.
Decomposable Specht Modules Indexed by Bihooks II
Authors: Muth Robert , Speyer Liron , Sutton Louise
Published: November 2021

Previously, the last two authors found large families of decomposable Specht modules labelled by bihooks, over the Iwahori–Hecke algebra of type B. In most cases we conjectured that these were the only decomposable Specht modules labelled by bihooks, proving it in some instances. Inspired by a recent semisimplicity result of Bowman, Bessenrodt and the third author, we look back at our decomposable Specht modules and show that they are often either semisimple, or very close to being so. We obtain their exact structure and composition factors in these cases. In the process, we determine the graded decomposition numbers for almost all of the decomposable Specht modules indexed by bihooks.
Work-related problems faced by coordinators of organ, cell, and tissue transplantations in Poland and possible ways of ameliorating them
Authors: Kamiński Artur , Bury Marcin , Rozenek Hanna , Banasiewicz Jolanta , Wójtowicz Stanisław , Owczarek Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

In recent years in Poland, the numbers of reported potential cadaveric donors of organs, tissues, and cells, and the numbers of transplantations being carried out seem to be low in the context of the size of the country population and the presumed consent legal principle which rules transplantations. This research project was carried out on 109 Polish transplant coordinators by means of a questionnaire created specifically for this study. The goal of the project was to detect problems specific to transplant coordinators working in Poland which, when properly addressed, might improve the efficacy of transplantation network within the Polish health care system. The results suggest that Polish transplant coordinators face a variety of issues in their work. It appears that the most important interventions which could improve working conditions for in this population and—as a result—also improve the efficacy of transplantation network in Poland could include: (1) a variety of training programs for transplant coordinators; (2) a social campaign promoting transplantations and spreading awareness of the transplantation-related legislation; and (3) introduction of changes in the regulations pertaining to medical professions in Poland.
A Riemannian rank-adaptive method for low-rank matrix completion
Authors: Gao Bin , Absil P.-A.
Published: November 2021

The low-rank matrix completion problem can be solved by Riemannian optimization on a fixed-rank manifold. However, a drawback of the known approaches is that the rank parameter has to be fixed a priori. In this paper, we consider the optimization problem on the set of bounded-rank matrices. We propose a Riemannian rank-adaptive method, which consists of fixed-rank optimization, rank increase step and rank reduction step. We explore its performance applied to the low-rank matrix completion problem. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets illustrate that the proposed rank-adaptive method compares favorably with state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, it shows that one can incorporate each aspect of this rank-adaptive framework separately into existing algorithms for the purpose of improving performance.
Mars’ plasma system. Scientific potential of coordinated multipoint missions: “The next generation”
Authors: Sánchez-Cano Beatriz , Lester Mark , Andrews David J. , Opgenoorth Hermann , Lillis Robert , Leblanc François , Fowler Christopher M. , Fang Xiaohua , Vaisberg Oleg , Mayyasi Majd , Holmberg Mika , Guo Jingnan , Hamrin Maria , Mazelle Christian , Peter Kerstin , Pätzold Martin , Stergiopoulou Katerina , Goetz Charlotte , Ermakov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Shuvalov Sergei , Wild James A. , Blelly Pierre-Louis , Mendillo Michael , Bertucci Cesar , Cartacci Marco , Orosei Roberto , Chu Feng , Kopf Andrew J. , Girazian Zachary , Roman Michael T.
Published: November 2021

The objective of this White Paper, submitted to ESA’s Voyage 2050 call, is to get a more holistic knowledge of the dynamics of the Martian plasma system, from its surface up to the undisturbed solar wind outside of the induced magnetosphere. This can only be achieved with coordinated multi-point observations with high temporal resolution as they have the scientific potential to track the whole dynamics of the system (from small to large scales), and they constitute the next generation of the exploration of Mars analogous to what happened at Earth a few decades ago. This White Paper discusses the key science questions that are still open at Mars and how they could be addressed with coordinated multipoint missions. The main science questions are: (i) How does solar wind driving impact the dynamics of the magnetosphere and ionosphere? (ii) What is the structure and nature of the tail of Mars’ magnetosphere at all scales? (iii) How does the lower atmosphere couple to the upper atmosphere? (iv) Why should we have a permanent in-situ Space Weather monitor at Mars? Each science question is devoted to a specific plasma region, and includes several specific scientific objectives to study in the coming decades. In addition, two mission concepts are also proposed based on coordinated multi-point science from a constellation of orbiting and ground-based platforms, which focus on understanding and solving the current science gaps.
Dimensional Latent Structure of Callous-Unemotional Traits in German Adolescents: Results from Taxometric Analyses
Authors: Kliem Sören , Krieg Yvonne , Klatt Thimna , Baier Dirk
Published: November 2021

A large amount of research has addressed the issue of the latent status of psychiatric disorders and related phenomena. We used a new taxometric approach developed by Ruscio to examine the latent status of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in a large representative study of German ninth graders (N = 3,878). Rather than estimating a putative taxon base rate and using that estimate to generate the taxon comparative data, we estimated CCFI profiles with each base rate estimate between 2.5% and 97.5% in increments of 2.5%. Results of different indicator sets clearly suggested a dimensional solution. This finding is consistent with different studies showing the dimensionality of psychopathy in adolescents. In summary, the results of this study point to the need for critical reflection in defining a high-risk-group in the context of CU traits. However, further studies are necessary to substantiate this result in different samples using different measurement approaches.
End Stage Kidney Disease in Non-citizen Patients: Epidemiology, Treatment, and an Update to Policy in Illinois
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S. , Johnson Tricia J. , Gely Yumiko I. , Ansell David A. , Cmunt J. Kevin , Lynch Elizabeth B.
Published: November 2021

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is common in the U.S. There is no cure, and survival requires either dialysis or kidney transplant. Medicare provides coverage for most ESKD patients in the U.S., though non-citizens are excluded from most current policies providing standard ESKD care, especially regarding kidney transplants. Despite being eligible to be organ donors, non-citizens often have few avenues to be organ recipients—a major equity problem. Overall, transplants are cost-saving compared to dialysis, and non-citizens have comparable outcomes to the general population. We reviewed the literature regarding the vastly different policies across the U.S., with a focus on current Illinois policy, including updates regarding Illinois legislation which passed in 2014 providing non-citizens to receive coverage for transplants. Unfortunately, despite legislation providing avenues for transplants, funds were not allocated, and the bill has not had the impact that was expected when initially passed. We outline opportunities for improving current policies.
A Call to Transform Maternal and Child Health Mentorship to Build Inclusivity, Honor Diversity of Experiences, and Tackle the Root of Health Disparities
Authors: Mishkin Kathryn E. , Ramirez Grace Guerrero , Odusanya Anne , Kaufman Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Mentorship should be a transformative experience that propels mentees from one point in their career to another and drives personal growth. Within the field of maternal and child health (MCH), it is considered a critical professional duty. However, MCH has yet to explicitly embrace mentorship practice as a means to address workforce challenges including turnover, knowledge loss, and undue burden on the part of historically oppressed individuals and communities to overturn oppressive systems.

Call to Action

We advocate for public calls for diversity and equity to be met with strategic enhancement of the practice of MCH mentorship. Transformative MCH mentorship should be used to promote positive identity formation, understanding of self in context, efficacy, and sustained commitment to working with MCH populations in ways that are inclusive and prevent the perpetration of the problematic power dynamics that lead to inequitable outcomes.

Recommendations

We present recommendations to strengthen MCH mentorship practice. At the individual level, there should be a refreshment of norms and expectations, where mentorship is seen as a uniquely flexible opportunity for mutual learning. At the organizational level, embedding mentorship in all aspects of practice helps establish and sustain a culture of belonging. This transformative organizational culture can attract and retain future generations of professionals that are not only more representative of the populations that MCH programs support but are prepared to authentically elevate the needs and strengths of those populations. These suggestions incorporate best practices from other fields and include ideas for the MCH field in particular.
Strictly Human: Limitations of Autonomous Systems
Authors: Soltanzadeh Sadjad
Published: November 2021

Can autonomous systems replace humans in the performance of their activities? How does the answer to this question inform the design of autonomous systems?  The study of technical systems and their features should be preceded by the study of the activities in which they play roles. Each activity can be described by its overall goals, governing norms and the intermediate steps which are taken to achieve the goals and to follow the norms. This paper uses the activity realist approach to conceptualize autonomous systems in the context of human activities. By doing so, it first argues for epistemic and logical conditions that illustrate the limitations of autonomous systems in tasks which they can and cannot perform, and then, it discusses the ramifications of the limitations of system autonomy on the design of autonomous systems.
Emotional Availability as a Moderator of Stress for Young Children and Parents in Two Diverse Early Head Start Samples
Authors: Senehi Neda , Flykt Marjo , Biringen Zeynep , Laudenslager Mark L. , Watamura Sarah Enos , Garrett Brady A. , Kominsky Terrence K. , Wurster Hannah E. , Sarche Michelle
Published: November 2021

Positive parent–child relationship quality is critical for buffering children from the effects of stress on development. It is thus vital to develop interventions that target parent–child relationship quality for families experiencing stress. We examined the moderating role of parent–child relationship quality (as measured by parental emotional availability [EA]) in the intergenerational association between parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their young children’s hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs)—a physiological marker of cumulative hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis activity. Using data from 127 parent–child dyads collected by two of six ACF-funded Buffering Toxic Stress consortium sites, we tested interaction effects of parental ACEs with parental EA on young children’s (Mage = 18.38, SDage = 7.10) HCC. Results revealed curvilinear main effects such that higher parental ACEs were significantly associated with greater HCC and stronger associations occurred at higher levels of parental ACEs. However, this association was moderated by parental EA. Thus, among children with higher parental history of ACEs, children of parents with higher EA had lower HCC compared to children of parents with lower EA. These findings provide support for the risk-buffering and risk-exacerbating role of parent–child relationship quality (e.g., EA) for the transmission of parents’ early life adversity on their children’s HPA-axis activity, documented here in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of children and parents served by Early Head Start. Findings suggest that intervention and prevention efforts targeting stress response in children of mothers with childhood adversity should also support parents in building an emotionally available relationship with their children.
Assessing fatigue in children and adolescents: Psychometric validation of the German version of the PROMIS® Pediatric Short Form v2.0 - Fatigue 10a in school children and pediatric chronic pain patients
Authors: Sommer Ariane , Grothus Susanne , Grochowska Kamila , Claus Benedikt B. , Stahlschmidt Lorin , Wager Julia
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Fatigue is a common symptom in children and adolescents. Its negative impact on health outcomes is even more pronounced in those with chronic pain. There is currently no fatigue measurement tool in German that is validated for both children and adolescents with and without chronic pain. Therefore, this study aimed to gather quantitative validity evidence to support the use of the German version of the PROMIS® Pediatric Short Form v2.0 - Fatigue 10a (PROMIS® F-SF) in the German pediatric general population as well as in German pediatric chronic pain patients.

Methods

The 10-item self-assessment questionnaire was validated in a sample of N = 1348 school children (9–18 years; 52.4% female) and N = 114 pediatric chronic pain patients (8–17 years; 63.3% female). Construct and convergent validity, reliability, and item and scale characteristics were examined.

Results

Confirmatory factor analyses showed sufficient model fit for the 1-factor model of the questionnaire (school sample: CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.10, SRMR = 0.04; patient sample: CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.14, SRMR = 0.05). Convergent validity was supported by weak-to-large significant correlations with sleep quality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and pain characteristics. The questionnaire had excellent internal consistency in both samples (α = 0.92 and α = 0.93). Sex differences and age distributions of the PROMIS® F-SF showed that girls reported significantly higher fatigue than boys and that fatigue increased with age.

Conclusion

The PROMIS® F-SF is a reliable instrument with good psychometric properties. Preliminary evidence is provided that the questionnaire validly measures fatigue in children and adolescents with and without chronic pain.
Introducing a bibliometric index based on factor analysis
Authors: Valderrama Pilar , Jiménez-Contreras Evaristo , Escabias Manuel , Valderrama Mariano J.
Published: November 2021

This work applies a factor analysis with VARIMAX rotation to develop a bibliometric indicator, named the Weighted Factor Index, in order to derive a new classification for journals belonging to a certain category, alternative to the one provided by the Journal Impact Factor. For this, 16 metrics from three different databases (Web of Science, Scopus and SCImago Journal Rank) are considered. The Weighed Factor Index entails the advantage of incorporating and summarizing information from all the indicators; so as to test its performance, it was applied to rank journals belonging to the category Information Science & Library Science.
Warning, or Manipulating in Pandemic Times? A Critical and Contrastive Analysis of Official Discourse Through the English and Spanish News
Authors: Orts María Ángeles , Vargas-Sierra Chelo
Published: November 2021

Focusing on media discourse and adopting a Critical Discourse Analysis—linguistic and rhetorical—perspective, this paper explores the role of the media in influencing citizens’ behaviour towards the COVID-19 crisis. The paper evaluates the set of potentially persuasive lexical items and emotional implicatures used by two quality newspapers, i.e. The Guardian (UK edition) and El País (Spain edition), to report on the pandemic during the three waves—the periods between the onset and trough of virus contamination—that occurred until March 2021. A representative, ad-hoc, comparable corpus (COVIDWave_EN and COVIDWave_ES) was compiled in English and Spanish comprising the news on the pandemic that appeared in the aforementioned newspapers during the three established time periods. The corpora were uploaded to Sketch Engine, which was used to first detect and analyse different categories (nouns, verbs, and adjectives) of word frequency, and then assign negative or positive polarity. Lexical keyness was secondly analysed to categorize emotional implicatures of control, metaphors, signals of epistemic asymmetry and positive implicatures in order to discern how they become weapons of negative or positive persuasion. The ultimate end of the study was to critically analyse and contrast the lexicon and rhetoric used by these two newspapers during this time period so as to unveil the stance taken by governments and health institutions—voices of authority—to disseminate words of control and persuasion with the aim of exerting influence on the behaviour of citizens in UK and Spain.
Italian experience with rVIII-single chain: a survey of patients with haemophilia A and their physicians
Authors: Borchiellini Alessandra , Castaman Giancarlo , Feola Giulio , Ferretti Antonietta , Giordano Paola , Luciani Matteo , Malcangi Giuseppe , Margaglione Maurizio , Molinari Angelo Claudio , Pollio Berardino , Rocino Angiola , Santoro Cristina , Schiavulli Michele , Zanon Ezio
Published: November 2021

rVIII-SingleChain is indicated for treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (HA). The safety and efficacy of rVIII-SingleChain have previously been shown in the AFFINITY clinical trial programme. This survey evaluated clinical experience following a switch to rVIII-SingleChain from the perspective of both physicians and patients. A web-based survey (July–September 2019) involving 14 Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTCs) collected data about HA patients who were under treatment with rVIII-SingleChain for ≥ 12 months, as reported by their physicians. In addition, about half of these patients were separately interviewed. Out of 91 patients receiving rVIII-SingleChain in the 14 participating HTCs, 48 had been treated for ≥ 12 months; among those 48, 38% were ≤ 18 years, 37% 19–40 years and 25 % ≥ 41 years; 73% of them had severe HA and 85% were being treated with prophylactic therapy. Twenty-six patients accepted to be separately interviewed: mean age was 30 years; 62% had severe HA and 85% were receiving prophylaxis. Focusing on those patients who were already in prophylaxis with prior FVIII (all but one with recombinant factors), infusion frequency was significantly reduced from 3–2 per week following the switch to rVIII-SingleChain (mean, 2.74 vs. 2.44, respectively; p=0.013), as reported by physicians; the rate of patients needing 3 infusions per week dropped from 74% with previous products to 44% with rFVIII-SingleChain. The annual mean factor consumption was 4740 IU/Kg (median, 4500 IU/Kg; min, 2.215 IU/Kg; max, 7.200 IU/Kg) with prior product and 4320 IU/Kg (median, 4320 IU/Kg; min, 2.215 IU/Kg; max, 6.646 IU/Kg) with rVIII-SingleChain. Both physicians and patients reported a significant reduction in annual total bleeding rates with rVIII-SingleChain compared with prior product (mean 2.15–0.96 and 2.46–0.71 events/year, p = 0.031 and p = 0.018, respectively). Mean satisfaction ratings (from 1; dissatisfied, to 5; very satisfied) for rVIII-SingleChain were quite high for both physicians (4.14, 86% satisfied/very satisfied) and patients (4.18, 86% satisfied/very satisfied). This survey suggested that switching to rVIII-SingleChain allowed patients to reduce their injection frequency without increasing factor consumption or compromising clinical results. Both physicians and patients reported a positive experience with rVIII-SingleChain after 1 year of treatment.
Emerging needs of social innovators and social innovation ecosystems
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Eichler Georg M. , Schwarz Erich J.
Published: November 2021

Social innovations (SIs) contribute to solving or at least mitigating many of the most pressing grand challenges. Similar to profit-oriented innovations, which are mainly developed by existing organizations and profit-oriented entrepreneurs, SIs are mainly developed and implemented by existing organizations and individual actors - social innovators. While much of the existing literature examines the needs of profit-oriented entrepreneurs and suggests entrepreneurial ecosystems as an adequate approach for satisfying profit-oriented entrepreneurs’ needs, little is known about the emerging needs of social innovators. By conducting an in-depth qualitative analysis of an exemplary territorial context based on 28 semistructured interviews and secondary data collection, this exploratory study aims to shed light on the emerging needs of social innovators. Furthermore, through an analysis of the identified needs, the study explores similarities and differences between the social innovation ecosystem and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Thus, Isenberg’s entrepreneurial ecosystem model is leveraged for the development of a novel social innovation ecosystem model.
Memory over matter?—a conceptual framework to integrate social–ecological l legacies in agricultural NCP co-production
Authors: Grosinger Julia , Potts Matthew D. , Buclet Nicolas , Lavorel Sandra
Published: November 2021

To better account for how social–ecological legacies of social and ecological systems jointly shape the current composition, the quality and quantity of nature’s contribution to people (NCPs), we integrate the concept of NCP co-production into social–ecological system thinking. Our expanded framework highlights how NCP co-production is frequently entangled within its social–ecological context, such as legacies, current resources and social activities. Additionally, we underline the relevance of non-material and material dimensions of resources in NCP co-production. To illustrate the potential of this expanded framework, we explore its application to an agricultural system of the French Northern Alps. We conclude that this framework (1) facilitates the understanding of society–ecosystem interactions in a specific regional social–ecological context; (2) helps to better conceptualise the interdependencies between resources and social activities; (3) demonstrates how current rule sets to organise social–ecological legacies affect the entire NCP co-production chain. The framework’s further implementation requires more research to better understand the complex interlinkages between the social and the ecological subsystems that underpin socioeconomic activities.
Axiomatization of Some Basic and Modal Boolean Connexive Logics
Authors: Klonowski Mateusz
Published: November 2021

Boolean connexive logic is an extension of Boolean logic that is closed under Modus Ponens and contains Aristotle’s and Boethius’ theses. According to these theses (i) a sentence cannot imply its negation and the negation of a sentence cannot imply the sentence; and (ii) if the antecedent implies the consequent, then the antecedent cannot imply the negation of the consequent and if the antecedent implies the negation of the consequent, then the antecedent cannot imply the consequent. Such a logic was first introduced by Jarmużek and Malinowski, by means of so-called relating semantics and tableau systems. Subsequently its modal extension was determined by means of the combination of possible-worlds semantics and relating semantics. In the following article we present axiomatic systems of some basic and modal Boolean connexive logics. Proofs of completeness will be carried out using canonical models defined with respect to maximal consistent sets.
A Novel Long-Noncoding RNA LncZFAS1 Prevents MPP+-Induced Neuroinflammation Through MIB1 Activation
Authors: Zhu Ziman , Huang Peiling , Sun Ruifeng , Li Xiaoling , Li Wenshan , Gong Weijun
Published: November 2021

Parkinson’s disease remains one of the leading neurodegenerative diseases in developed countries. Despite well-defined symptomology and pathology, the complexity of Parkinson’s disease prevents a full understanding of its etiological mechanism. Mechanistically, α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation appear to be central for disease progression, but mitochondrial dysfunction, dysfunctional protein clearance and ubiquitin/proteasome systems, and neuroinflammation have also been associated with Parkinson’s disease. Particularly, neuroinflammation, which was initially thought to be a side effect of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, has now been recognized as driver of Parkinson’s disease exacerbation. Next-generation sequencing has been used to identify a plethora of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) with important transcriptional regulatory functions. Moreover, a myriad of lncRNAs are known to be regulators of inflammatory signaling and neurodegenerative diseases, including IL-1β secretion and Parkinson’s disease. Here, LncZFAS1 was identified as a regulator of inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis in human neuroblast SH-SY5Y cells following MPP+ treatment, a common in vitro Parkinson’s disease cell model. Mechanistically, TXNIP ubiquitination through MIB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neuroblasts. In contrast, MPP+ activates the NLPR3 inflammasome through miR590-3p upregulation and direct interference with MIB1-dependent TXNIP ubiquitination. LncZFAS overexpression inhibits this entire pathway through direct interference with miR590-3p, exposing a novel research idea regarding the mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.
Consensus of experts from the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology for the genotyping of DPYD in cancer patients who are candidates for treatment with fluoropyrimidines
Authors: García-Alfonso P. , Saiz-Rodríguez M. , Mondéjar R. , Salazar J. , Páez D. , Borobia A. M. , Safont M. J. , García-García I. , Colomer R. , García-González X. , Herrero M. J. , López-Fernández L. A. , Abad-Santos F.
Published: November 2021

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and oral fluoropyrimidines, such as capecitabine, are widely used in the treatment of cancer, especially gastrointestinal tumors and breast cancer, but their administration can produce serious and even lethal toxicity. This toxicity is often related to the partial or complete deficiency of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme, which causes a reduction in clearance and a longer half-life of 5-FU. It is advisable to determine if a DPD deficiency exists before administering these drugs by genotyping DPYD gene polymorphisms. The objective of this consensus of experts, in which representatives from the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology participated, is to establish clear recommendations for the implementation of genotype and/or phenotype testing for DPD deficiency in patients who are candidates to receive fluoropyrimidines. The genotyping of DPYD previous to treatment classifies individuals as normal, intermediate, or poor metabolizers. Normal metabolizers do not require changes in the initial dose, intermediate metabolizers should start treatment with fluoropyrimidines at doses reduced to 50%, and poor metabolizers are contraindicated for fluoropyrimidines.
Physicians’ perspectives on adverse drug reactions in pediatric routine care: a survey
Authors: Neininger Martina P. , Jeschke Sarah , Kiesel Lisa M. , Bertsche Thilo , Bertsche Astrid
Published: November 2021

Background

Children and adolescents are at particular risk for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We investigated physicians’ perceptions on ADRs in pediatric routine care.

Methods

In this exploratory study from April to November 2020, we invited physicians treating pediatric patients across Germany to complete an online questionnaire consisting mainly of closed questions.

Results

Completion rate was 98% (127/129). Of all participants, 23% (29/127) stated they were not able to estimate how many of their pediatric patients experienced ADRs during drug therapy. The remaining physicians estimated that 7.5% (median; Q25/Q75 3%/20%) of their pediatric patients were affected by ADRs. Regarding counseling on ADRs, 61% (77/127) stated they do not ask regularly the extent to which parents want to be informed. In total, 26% (33/127) stated they avoid counseling on ADRs concerning commonly used approved therapies, whereas only 4% (5/127) did so concerning off-label use (P < 0.001). Altogether, 16% (20/127) stated they rather prescribe new medicines as they hope for better effectiveness; 72% (91/127) said they are cautious about doing so owing to yet unknown ADRs. Of all respondents, 46% (58/127) stated they do not report ADRs to the authorities. Concerning the black triangle symbol, a European pharmacovigilance measure, 11% (14/127) stated they knew it and 6% (7/127) stated they reported any suspected ADR for drugs with that symbol.

Conclusions

Physicians’ perspectives on ADRs were ambivalent: ADRs influenced their parent counseling and drug prescribing; yet, they struggled to estimate the impact of ADRs on their patients and were not aware of specific pharmacovigilance measures.
Clustering of Modifiable Behavioral Risk Factors and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality in Taiwan’s Adult Population: a Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Kukreti Shikha , Yu Tsung , Chiu Po Wei , Strong Carol
Published: November 2021

Background

Modifiable risk behaviors, such as smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sleep, are known to impact health. This study aims toward identifying latent classes of unhealthy lifestyle behavior, exploring the correlations between sociodemographic factors, identifying classes, and further assessing the associations between identified latent classes and all-cause mortality.

Methods

For this study, the data were obtained from a prospective cohort study in Taiwan. The participants’ self-reported demographic and behavioral characteristics (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and sleep) were used. Latent class analysis was used to identify health-behavior patterns, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to find the association between the latent class of health-behavior and all-cause mortality.

Results

A complete dataset was obtained from 290,279 participants with a mean age of 40 (12.4). Seven latent classes were identified, characterized as having a 100% likelihood of at least one unhealthy behavior coupled with the probability of having the other four unhealthy risk behaviors. This study also shows that latent health-behavior classes are associated with mortality, suggesting that they are representative of a healthy lifestyle. Finally, it appeared that multiple risk behaviors were more prevalent in younger men and individuals with low socioeconomic status.

Conclusions

There was a clear clustering pattern of modifiable risk behaviors among the adults under consideration, where the risk of mortality increased with increases in unhealthy behavior. Our findings can be used to design customized disease prevention programs targeting specific populations and corresponding profiles identified in the latent class analysis.
Telomere length variation does not correspond with the growth disturbances in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Panasiak Ligia , Szubert Karolina , Polonis Marcin , Ocalewicz Konrad
Published: November 2021

Somatic growth is considered to affect pace of the telomere attrition in vertebrates. As normally developed and dwarf fish differ in the body size we have decided to compare telomere length in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with normal growth and with growth reduced due to the dwarf condition. Examined 1-year-old fish with normal and dwarf appearance were siblings originated from androgenetic fully homozygous doubled haploid (DH) line of rainbow trout. Particular dwarf individuals had body deformities such as humpback, kyphosis, and lordosis. Somatic cells of examined rainbow trout had an average telomere length between 17 and 20 kb, comparable in females and males. Dwarf rainbow trout exhibited significantly lower body length and weight than their normally developed siblings even though no differences in the telomere length were found between these fishes. Statistical analysis did not exhibit any correlation between body size and the telomere length. Equal length of telomeres observed in the studied normal and dwarf rainbow trout suggests morphological and physiological differences in fish with different growth rates do not affect dynamics of telomeric DNA. Or any variation in the telomere length might have been levelled by telomerase that in rainbow trout is active in all tissues irrespective of the individual developmental stage.
Novel Treatment Approaches for Substance Use Disorders: Therapeutic Use of Psychedelics and the Role of Psychotherapy
Authors: Koslowski Michael , Johnson Matthew W. , Gründer Gerhard , Betzler Felix
Published: November 2021

Purpose of Review

The use of psychedelics in a therapeutical setting has been reported for the treatment of various diagnoses in recent years. However, as psychedelic substances are still commonly known for their (illicit) recreational use, it may seem counterintuitive to use psychedelic therapy to treat substance use disorders. This review aims to discuss how psychedelics can promote and intensify psychotherapeutic key processes, in different approaches like psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy, with a spotlight on the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD).

Recent Findings

There is promising evidence of feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psychedelic therapy in SUD. In the whole process of former and current psychedelic therapy regimes that have shown to be safe and efficacious, various psychotherapeutic elements, both psychodynamic and behavioral as well as other approaches, can be identified, while a substantial part of the assumed mechanism of action, the individual psychedelic experience, cannot be distinctly classified to just one approach.

Psychedelic therapy consists of a complex interaction of pharmacological and psychological processes. When administered in well-defined conditions, psychedelics can serve as augmentation of different psychotherapy interventions in the treatment of SUD and other mental disorders, regardless of their theoretical origin.
An empirical study on temporal modeling for online action detection
Authors: Wang Wen , Peng Xiaojiang , Qiao Yu , Cheng Jian
Published: November 2021

Online action detection (OAD) is a practical yet challenging task, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. A typical OAD system mainly consists of three modules: a frame-level feature extractor which is usually based on pre-trained deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a temporal modeling module, and an action classifier. Among them, the temporal modeling module is crucial which aggregates discriminative information from historical and current features. Though many temporal modeling methods have been developed for OAD and other topics, their effects are lack of investigation on OAD fairly. This paper aims to provide an empirical study on temporal modeling for OAD including four meta types of temporal modeling methods, i.e. temporal pooling, temporal convolution, recurrent neural networks, and temporal attention, and uncover some good practices to produce a state-of-the-art OAD system. Many of them are explored in OAD for the first time, and extensively evaluated with various hyper parameters. Furthermore, based on our empirical study, we present several hybrid temporal modeling methods. Our best networks, i.e. , the hybridization of DCC, LSTM and M-NL, and the hybridization of DCC and M-NL, which outperform previously published results with sizable margins on THUMOS-14 dataset (48.6% vs. 47.2%) and TVSeries dataset (84.3% vs. 83.7%).
Relationship Between Dike Injection and b‐Value for Volcanic Earthquake Swarms
Authors: Glazner Allen F. , McNutt Stephen R.
Published: November 2021

Dike swarms are the fossil remains of regions of the crust that have undergone repeated magma injections. Volcanic earthquake swarms and geodetic measurements are, at least in part, a record of active injection of fluids (water, gas, or magma) into fractures. Here, we link these two ways of observing magmatic systems by noting that dike thicknesses and earthquake magnitudes share similar scaling parameters. In the Jurassic Independence dike swarm of eastern California median dike thickness is ∼1 m, similar to other swarms worldwide, but glacially polished exposures reveal that a typical dike comprises a number of dikelets that are lognormally distributed in thickness with a mean of ∼0.1 m. Assuming that dikes fill penny‐shaped cracks of a given aspect ratio, the geodetic moment and earthquake magnitude of a diking event can be estimated. A Monte Carlo simulation of dike‐induced earthquakes based on observed dike thickness variations yields a frequency‐magnitude distribution remarkably like observed volcanic earthquake swarms, with a b‐value of ∼1.7. We suggest that swarms of dikes composed of dikelets, as well as plutons built incrementally by sheet intrusions, are physical complements to volcanic seismic swarms, and that at least some earthquake swarms are a palpable expression of incremental magma emplacement.
Stress Transfer at the Northeastern End of the Bayan Har Block and Its Implications for Seismic Hazards: Insights From Numerical Simulations
Authors: Huang Luyuan , Zhang Bei , Shi Yaolin
Published: November 2021

The 2021Mw7.4 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai, China, filled the seismic gap in the eastern segment of the northern boundary of the Bayan Har Block, and four otherM > 7 historical strong earthquakes occurred at the northeastern end of the Bayan Har Block within a period of 80 years before the Maduo earthquake. This series of large seismic events provides an excellent example for investigating the stress transfer and fault interactions of strong earthquakes on the continent. In this study, we established a viscoelastic numerical model to calculate the stress transfer before and after the 2021 Maduo earthquake produced by historical earthquakes at the northeastern end of the Bayan Har Block. We found that the Maduo earthquake occurred in the Coulomb stress shadow zone caused by the historical earthquakes, and the 1947 Dari earthquake and the 1937 Tuosuo Lake earthquake jointly delayed the occurrence of the Maduo earthquake. The stress transfer of fiveM > 7 earthquakes to the surrounding faults after 1937 resulted in the segments at both ends of the Dari fault that were unruptured in the 1947 earthquake, the East Kunlun fault zone west of Alan Lake, the Maqin‐Maqu segment of the East Kunlun fault zone, the Longriba fault, the segment of the Ganzi‐Yushu fault south of Yushu, the Minjiang fault, and the northern segment of the Xianshuihe fault being located in the Coulomb stress loading zone. Sustained attention should be paid to the block boundary faults and intra‐block faults with increased seismic hazards.
Perceptions of Climate Change in China: Evidence From Surveys of Residents in Six Cities
Authors: Yang Jianxun , Gounaridis Dimitrios , Liu Miaomiao , Bi Jun , Newell Joshua P.
Published: November 2021

China has pledged to cap its carbon emission by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, making knowledge about how the Chinese general public understands climate change crucial and timely. This article reports findings from surveys of climate change perceptions in six Chinese cities (∼40 million people). We identify 10 distinct mental images and 37 subcategories that represent a wide spectrum of perceptions of climate change among the Chinese public. The results reveal that people tend to conflate climate change with air pollution and seasonal weather changes. Although skepticism is not prominent, voices for action are also limited. Furthermore, climate change perceptions are heterogenous across regions and demographic groups. Respondents from developed cities are less likely to conflate climate change with local weather. People living in polluted regions tend to equate climate change with air pollution. Well‐educated, high‐income, and young residents are more aware of the scientific dimensions of climate change and its consequences. Females and the elderly think more about health implications and how to adapt. Compared to Western countries, opinions about climate change in China are less polarized and controversial, probably due to different political realities and media framings. This study provides an updated picture of climate change perceptions among the Chinese general public and recommends targeted and multi‐level communication strategies for policymakers.
Zimbabwe’s Scientists Look Forward to Country’s First Satellite
Authors: Makoni Munyaradzi
Published: November 2021

ZIMSAT-1 promises to expand Zimbabwe’s remote sensing capabilities and allow it to better monitor natural resources.