bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pratiques d’avortement chez des lycéennes à Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aké-Tano Sassor Odile Purifine , Kpebo Denise Olga , Konan Yao Eugène , Tetchi Ekissi Orsot , Sable Stéphane Parfait , Ekou Franck Kokora , Attoh Touré Harvey , Aka Lepri Nicaise , Diarassouba Barakissa , Dagnan N’cho Simplice
Published: December 2017

Introduction : En Côte d’Ivoire, l’avortement provoqué est un acte illégal sauf dans le cas où la vie de la mère est en danger. L’objectif général de ce travail était de décrire les pratiques d’avortement chez les élèves du Lycée Jeunes Filles de Yamoussoukro. Plus spécifiquement il s’agissait d’estimer la prévalence de l’avortement provoqué, de décrire l’itinéraire suivi et les méthodes utilisées pour l’avortement et de déterminer les complications post-avortement. Matériel et méthodes : L’étude transversale a porté sur 312 filles échantillonnées aléatoirement en juillet 2011 au Lycée Jeunes Filles de Yamoussoukro. Résultats : L’âge moyen (ET) des filles est de 16,1 (4,7) ans. Parmi elles, 258 soit 82,7 % ont déjà eu des rapports sexuels et 81 soit 31,4 % ont été une fois enceintes. Cinquante sur quatre-vingt et une filles soit 61,7 % (56,3-67,1) ont pratiqué un avortement provoqué. L’itinéraire suivi pour l’avortement est le suivant : l’automédication fut le principal recours (70 %) à la première tentative puis en cas d’échec ce furent les tradipraticiens (56,4 %). Lors de la troisième tentative, les agents de santé ont été les plus sollicités (85,7 %). Les méthodes d’avortement les plus utilisées sont l’ingestion de produits médicamenteux (91,9 %), l’ingestion de plantes/décoctions (68,5 %) et l’insertion de corps étrangers dans la cavité vaginale (62,3 %). Vingt-deux avortements provoqués sur cinquante (44 %) ont conduit à des complications surtout infectieuses (81,8 %) et hémorragiques (68,2 %). Les complications sont associées aux avortements auto-induits ou dirigés par un tradipraticien (p < 0,001). Conclusion : L’intensification de l’éducation sexuelle, l’accès à la contraception moderne, la sensibilisation contre les risques liés aux grossesses non désirées et aux recours non médicalisés doivent être mises en œuvre pour prévenir l’avortement en milieu scolaire. Aussi, il faudrait renforcer la qualité et l’accessibilité des services offrant des soins après-avortement.
Eau potable, assainissement et risque de maladies diarrhéiques dans la Communauté Urbaine de Nouakchott, Mauritanie
Authors: Sy Ibrahima , Traoré Doulo , Niang Diène Aminata , Koné Brama , Lô Baidy , Faye Ousmane , Utzinger Jürg , Cissé Guéladio , Tanner Marcel
Published: December 2017

Introduction : L’eau potable et l’assainissement constituent deux facteurs de santé publique liés de manière inextricable surtout dans la ville de Nouakchott où l’insuffisance de ces services conduit à une multitude de recours et de pratiques d’hygiène mettant en jeu un système socio-écologique complexe avec un risque accru de transmission de maladies hydriques (diarrhée, choléra, etc.). Méthodes : Ainsi, cette contribution analyse l’impact du système socio-écologique sur le développement des maladies diarrhéiques par une utilisation de données socio-environnementales et épidémiologique provenant de sources diverses (enquêtes nationales et registres de consultation). Résultats : Dans l’ensemble, les résultats montrent que seuls 25,6 % des ménages ont accès à des sources d’eau potable tandis que 69,8 % des habitants disposent de latrines améliorées. Les conditions environnementales expliquent le niveau de la morbidité diarrhéique qui se situe à 12,8 % à l’échelle urbaine avec une distribution spatiale inégale montrant des communes moins touchées comme Tevragh Zeina (9,1 %) et des municipalités plus affectées comme Sebkha (19,1 %). La distribution selon les catégories d’âge montre que les enfants de moins de cinq ans sont les plus affectés (51,7 %) suivis des personnes âgées de plus de 14 ans (34,2 %). L’analyse de corrélation entre les variables socio-économiques, environnementales et épidémiologiques révèle un certain nombre d’associations significatives : consommation d’eau non traitée et diarrhée (R = 0,429) ; collection d’eaux usées et survenue de diarrhée ; existence de latrine améliorée et réduction du risque diarrhéique (R = 0,402). Discussion : Dès lors, l’exposition aux maladies diarrhéiques à travers le prisme de l’eau et de l’assainissement pose un véritable problème de santé publique qui requiert une approche systémique et intégrée pour améliorer l’hygiène du milieu.
Schwannoma of the Palmar Cutaneous Branch of the Median Nerve
Authors: Hagopian Thomas M. , Christian David R. , Kulber David A.
Published: December 2017

Peripheral schwannomas are benign tumors originating from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. They make up a small percentage of the overall incidence of tumors of the hand, most commonly involving the ulnar nerve. The authors report a case of a 59-year-old patient with a slowly enlarging mass over his right wrist and no other symptoms. During surgery, a schwannoma involving the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve was found and successfully removed. This is a rare clinical entity, with few cases reported in the literature. In the current case, the lesion did not cause significant symptoms, and the authors demonstrated successful surgical enucleation of the lesion without complication. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(4):e572–e573.]
Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens as a Vision-Sparing Tool in Children After Traumatic Corneal Laceration
Authors: Elseht Rabab Mohamed , Nagy Khaled Ahmed
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical value of rigid gas permeable contact lenses in children after traumatic corneal scarring.

Methods:

This comparative study included 15 children (age range: 5.7 to 14 years; mean ± standard deviation = 9.4 ± 2.9 years) with corneal scars and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of worse than 20/20, history of penetrating ocular trauma, and/or cataract extraction. All children were advised to wear spherical rigid gas permeable contact lenses for 6 months with a special regimen. Visual acuity was compared before and after fitting. The total and anterior surface aberrations of all children were measured using a corneal topographer before and after treatment.

Results:

There was a significant improvement in the BCVA after wearing rigid gas permeable contact lenses compared to spectacle visual acuity (
P
= .001). There was also significant improvement of the keratometric astigmatism (
P
= .001) and corneal aberrations such as higher order aberrations (
P
= .008), lower order aberrations, root mean square, and point spread function (
P
= .001).

Conclusions:

The optical performance of rigid gas permeable contact lenses has been demonstrated to be effective in the visual rehabilitation of children with traumatic corneal lacerations. Corneal topography was an objective tool for detecting optical disorders.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2018;55(3):178–181.]
Double Rhomboid Suture Technique for Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Bach Austin , Sanchez-Gonzalez Marcos , Warman Roberto
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

Congenital ptosis is a troubling eye condition for pediatric ophthalmologists. There are many considerations to contemplate when deciding when to operate and which technique to use.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 69 pediatric patients treated for congenital ptosis using a double rhomboid frontalis sling with a nylon suture at a single tertiary care center.

Results:

For patients with more than 6 months of follow-up, there were 38 patients with 46 primary surgeries (22 [58%] males and 16 [42%] females). The average age at the first surgery was 39.34 ± 33.18 months. There was a mean follow-up time of 51.87 ± 53.79 months. There were 7 children who needed one revision and 1 child who needed a second revision, equaling a 23.9% rate of revision. Patients who had surgery before the age of 3 years had a statistically significant likelihood of needing a second surgery (chi-square test = 7.246,
P
= .007, 95% confidence interval = 0.027 to 0.687). It was also statistically significant (
P
< .05) that, throughout childhood, older patients were less likely to need a revision.

Conclusions:

A double rhomboid frontalis sling using a nylon suture is an effective technique to treat congenital ptosis. This technique is easy to master and has a low cost compared to techniques involving autografts and allografts. It is also important to advise the family of the likelihood of a second surgery if there is a need to operate at a young age.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2018;55(2):117–121.]
Retinoblastoma in the United States: A 40-Year Incidence and Survival Analysis
Authors: Fernandes Arthur Gustavo , Pollock Benjamin D. , Rabito Felicia A.
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

To determine the incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States from 1973 to 2012 (40 years) and characterize the 5-year overall survival rate of the included patients.

Methods:

Cases of retinoblastoma were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD). Incidence rates were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau data as the standard population, and trends over time were determined using the chi-square test. Hazard ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for variables associated with mortality using Cox regression models. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared among different clinical and demographic categories.

Results:

A total of 879 cases of retinoblastoma were derived from the SEER databases. The annual incidence rates of retinoblastoma for a period of 40 years were 12.14 (95% CI: 11.32 to 12.96) cases per 1 million children 4 years or younger and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.65) cases per 1 million children between the ages of 5 and 9 years. There was no significant trend for children 4 years or younger (P= .6324) or between the ages of 5 and 9 years (P= .7695). The 5-year overall survival rates were 97.6%, 92.7%, 91.1%, and 96.4% for children diagnosed at the first, second, third, and after the third year of life, respectively (P= .0136). The 5-year overall survival rates were 92.5% for bilateral and 96.3% for unilateral cases (P= .0116). The 5-year overall survival rates were 90.8%, 92.5%, 97.6%, 97.3% for increasing time intervals (1973 to 1979, 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2012, respectively;P= .0017).

Conclusions:

The incidence rate of retinoblastoma in the United States has remained stable for the past 40 years. Survival rate analysis indicates a significant effect of laterality of tumor, age at diagnosis, and decade of diagnosis.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(3):182–188.]
La arquitectura eclesiástica en Álava y Treviño durante los siglos XII-XIII: promotores, constructores y significados en un momento de transición
Authors: Alfaro Suescun Egoitz
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la edificación de iglesias durante los siglos XII y XIII en Álava y Treviño, tratando de rastrear las transformaciones que se dieron en la naturaleza de sus promotores, el modelo organizativo de sus constructores y sus funciones y significados. Para ello se analizan más de un centenar de templos, definiendo variables constructivas y agrupándolos en tres momentos a través de las marcas de talla: periodo 1 (1100-1250), periodo 2 (1220-1250) y periodo 3 (1220-1300). La relación entre estos periodos y las variables constructivas señaladas muestran dos grandes cambios en la arquitectura eclesiástica durante estos siglos respecto a la época anterior, siendo el siglo XII una suerte de etapa de transición. Dichos cambios se identifican tanto en la demanda, con iglesias cada vez más asequibles, rápidas de erigir y menos complejas, como en la oferta, con templos cada vez más homogéneos.
What voice tells us about genetic syndromes: The case of Williams syndrome
Authors: Hidalgo de la Guía Irene , Garayzábal Heinze Elena , Gómez Vilda Pedro
Published: December 2017

The study of the voice is a very valuable tool in the field of rare diseases. That is because the biomechanical and acoustic analysis of phonation allows to detect specific features of a particular genetic and rare syndrome. In the case of Williams syndrome (WS), it was proved that some clinical features connected to this syndrome can be observed by means of voice analysis. In order to carry out this study, 60 recordings of 12 children suffering from WS were assessed and compared to 483 normative phonations of 97 children with typical development. The methodology used to assess the voices was BioMetroPhon (Gómez et al., 2013). The results may aim to establish a narrow connection between WS phonation and its typical genotype and, in consequence, the results of this study may highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the assessment of the voice.
Comparison of Fish Catch Between an Electric Seine and Backpack Electrofishers in Shoal Habitat of the Chipola River, Florida
Authors: Alfermann Ted , Strickland Andy , Middaugh Christopher , Nguyen Phong , Leone Erin
Published: December 2017

We conducted a gear comparison study to determine the best fish-sampling methodology in shoal habitat to assist with the development of a long-term fish community monitoring program on the Chipola River, Florida. Shoal habitat occurs throughout the southeastern United States, is shallow (< 1 m), and contains rock substrate and outcroppings, which limits boat electrofishing to the habitat margins. We compared the relative effectiveness of an electric seine and backpack electrofishers. Twenty-five randomly selected sites (4 m wide by 5 m long) per gear type were block netted and sampled across four shoals from August 28 to October 3, 2014. Habitat variables were recorded for each site. Using backpack electrofishers, 1,155 fish representing 21 species were collected. Using the electric seine, 1,036 fish representing 22 species were collected. We found no significant differences between gear types in mean total catch per site, mean species richness per site, Shannon's diversity, Simpson's dominance, Pielou's evenness, or the rate of species accumulation. Therefore, we consider the two gear types to be equally effective for block-netted sites in large river shoals. Differences in available equipment, funding, and personnel were compared and may ultimately determine which gear type is used in future studies.
The Chevalier de Lorraine as “Maître en Titre”
Authors: Spangler Jonathan
Published: December 2017

This article examines a major figure of the court of Louis XIV who has never received a full academic study. It demonstrates how a royal favourite in a same-sex context in the early modern period can be analysed in a similar manner to more well-known royal mistresses, or “maîtresses en titre”. It presents a thorough portrait of Prince Philippe of Lorraine, better known as the Chevalier de Lorraine, in the full context of his family (a cadet branch of the princely house of Lorraine), his friends (the household of Monsieur, Philippe, Duke of Orléans, brother of the king), and court culture more generally at the end of the seventeenth century. Such an analysis demonstrates a number of things: that, contrary to much recent scholarship on homosexual identities and relationships in the early modern period, long-term partnerships did exist, although they were unorthodox; and that, like other royal favourites, the Chevalier de Lorraine maintained his position at the top of a powerful court hierarchy through both the support of his family and a prominent patronage network. Patronage in particular is examined, citing both usages of clientage and brokerage, as the chief means for self-enrichment and survival at the court of France in this period. By the end of his life, the Chevalier de Lorraine had become one of the most successful courtiers due to the combined factors of his princely birth and continued support of this family, his long-term cultivation of his position as “maître en titre” of Monsieur, and the effective management of a large patronage network.
Cryptic species in the aphid genusMelaphisWalsh (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae)
Authors: Foottit R.G. , Maw H.E.L.
Published: December 2017

Melaphis rhoisFitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) has been considered the only North American representative of the aphid subtribe Melaphidina. Molecular and morphometric analysis indicates that there are at least three sympatric cryptic melaphidine species in North America.Melaphis asafitchinew speciesis described andM. rhoisis redefined and a neotype designated. The nameMelaphis minutaBaker cannot be assigned to either of these species. Details of the life cycles ofMelaphisWalsh species, including the existence of ovoviviparity in sexual females, is discussed.
Detection of O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification and Its Associated Enzymes in Human Degenerated Intervertebral Discs
Authors: Nikolaou Georgios , Zibis Aristeidis H. , Fyllos Apostolos H. , Katsioulis Antonios , Sotiriou Sotirios , Kotrotsios Anastasios , Sgantzos Markos , Vassiou Aikaterini , Arvanitis Dimitrios L.
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Human herniated discs were obtained from discectomy specimens for the immunohistochemical detection of O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAcase (OGA)/O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT).

Purpose

This study aimed to quantify the extent of O-GlcNAcylation and its associated enzymes (OGT/OGA) in human degenerated intervertebral discs.

Overview of Literature

The O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins as well as the effects of such post-translational modifications are currently the focus of extensive research. O-GlcNAcylation is believed to contribute to the etiology of chronic illnesses by acting as a nutrient and stress sensor in the cellular environment. Mature intervertebral disc cells are chondrocyte-like cells, and O-GlcNAc has been shown to promote chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro. We believe that O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of disc degeneration.

Methods

Fifty-six specimens were fixed for 24 hours in a 10% solution of neutral-buffered formaldehyde, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. Tissue slices (4-µm-thick) were used for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.

Results

We found that O-GlcNAcylation of cytoplasmic proteins was less than that of nuclear proteins in both single cells and cell clusters. Cytoplasmic O-GlcNAcylation occurs subsequent to nuclear O-GlcNAcylation and is directly proportional to disc degeneration. OGT and O-GlcNAc expression levels were identical in all specimens examined.

Conclusions

O-GlcNAc and OGA/OGT expression is shown to correlate for the first time with intervertebral disc cell degeneration. Increasing disc degeneration is associated with increasing O-GlcNAcylation in both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in human disc cells.
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from Newborns with Spina Bifida Aperta
Authors: Bamba Yohei , Nonaka Masahiro , Sasaki Natsu , Shofuda Tomoko , Kanematsu Daisuke , Suemizu Hiroshi , Higuchi Yuichiro , Pooh Ritsuko K. , Kanemura Yonehiro , Okano Hideyuki , Yamasaki Mami
Published: December 2017

Study Design

We established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) from three newborns with spina bifida aperta (SBa) using clinically practical methods.

Purpose

We aimed to develop stem cell lines derived from newborns with SBa for future therapeutic use.

Overview of Literature

SBa is a common congenital spinal cord abnormality that causes defects in neurological and urological functions. Stem cell transplantation therapies are predicted to provide beneficial effects for patients with SBa. However, the availability of appropriate cell sources is inadequate for clinical use because of their limited accessibility and expandability, as well as ethical issues.

Methods

Fibroblast cultures were established from small fragments of skin obtained from newborns with SBa during SBa repair surgery. The cultured cells were transfected with episomal plasmid vectors encoding reprogramming factors necessary for generating iPSCs. These cells were then differentiated into NSPCs by chemical compound treatment, and NSPCs were expanded using neurosphere technology.

Results

We successfully generated iPSC lines from the neonatal dermal fibroblasts of three newborns with SBa. We confirmed that these lines exhibited the characteristics of human pluripotent stem cells. We successfully generated NSPCs from all SBa newborn-derived iPSCs with a combination of neural induction and neurosphere technology.

Conclusions

We successfully generated iPSCs and iPSC-NSPCs from surgical samples obtained from newborns with SBa with the goal of future clinical use in patients with SBa.
Prevalence of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra in Individuals with Low Back Pain: Evaluation Using Plain Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Shaikh Asra , Khan Sohail Ahmed , Hussain Munawar , Soomro Sadia , Adel Hatem , Adil Syed Omair , Huda Farheen , Khanzada Usman
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Purpose

To determine the frequency of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) in patients with low back pain (LBP) and the role of iliolumbar ligament (ILL) origin from L5 in LSTV cases.

Overview of Literature

Transitional vertebrae are developmental variants of the spine. LSTV is a common congenital abnormality, and failure to recognize this anomaly may result in serious consequences during surgery.

Methods

All patients aged 11–90 years of either gender with LBP for any duration, who presented for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine, were included. X-rays of the lumbosacral spine in anteroposterior and lateral views were acquired. In addition, T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and axial MRI was performed. Images were evaluated on a workstation.

Results

Of 504 patients, transitional vertebrae were observed in 75 patients (15%). Among them, 39 (52%) patients had Castellvi type III and 36 (48%) patients had Castellvi type II. However, on MRI, 42 (56%) patients had O'Driscoll type II, 18 (24%) patients had O'Driscoll type IV, and 15 patients (20%) had O'Driscoll type III. ILL origin from L5 was significantly higher (n=429, 100%) among patients with a normal lumbosacral junction than among patients with a transitional lumbosacral junction (n=22, 29.3%) (p<0.001).

Conclusions

LSTV occurs at a high frequency in patients with LBP. Furthermore, in the presence of LSTV, the ILL is not a reliable marker for the identification of L5.
Thoracolumbar Vertebral Injuries with Neurological Deficit Treated with Posterior Decompression, Short Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation, and Interlaminar Fusion
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kumar Satish , Arya Rajender Kumar , Kumar Avinash
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Prospective clinical study.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interlaminar fusion and short segment pedicle screw fixation on thoracolumbar vertebral injuries for preventing pain and post-traumatic kyphosis.

Overview of Literature

The treatment of thoracolumbar injuries continues to be one of the most controversial areas in spine care. The main aim of surgical treatment is to decompress the spinal cord or nerve roots, realign the spine, and correct or prevent post-traumatic kyphosis. We evaluated the outcome of interlaminar fusion along with posterior decompression and short segment pedicle screw fixation in patients with thoracolumbar fractures with neurological deficit.

Methods

Twenty-two patients with traumatic thoracolumbar vertebral injuries and neurological deficit underwent short segment pedicle screw fixation above and below the fractured vertebrae, posterior decompression, and interlaminar fusion using a bone graft.

Results

All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively. The average operative time and blood loss was 142 minutes and 214 mL, respectively. Of the 22 patients, 14 recovered completely. Of the nine patients with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A disease, two improved by 1 grade, whereas one each improved by grades 2, 3, and 4, and four did not recover. Radiologically, vertebral kyphosis angle improved from 20.91 preoperatively to 15.73 postoperatively, sagittal index improved from 24.77 to 18.73, the sagittal plane kyphosis angle improved from 17.45 to 11.41, regional angle kyphosis improved from 14.73 to 10.14, the superior inferior end plate angle from 16.14 to 13.00, and mean anterior body compression improved from 36.26 to 27.64 postoperatively. No implant failed and no patient had neurological deterioration.

Conclusions

Short segment pedicle screw fixation with posterior decompression and interlaminar fusion provided considerable reduction in kyphosis, restored the vertebral height of patients with thoracolumbar vertebral injuries and neurological deficit, and prevented development of delayed kyphotic deformity.
Comparison of Mass Azithromycin Coverage Targets of Children in Niger: A Cluster-Randomized Trachoma Trial
Authors: Oldenburg Catherine E. , Amza Abdou , Kadri Boubacar , Nassirou Beido , Cotter Sun Y. , Stoller Nicole E. , West Sheila K. , Bailey Robin L. , Porco Travis C. , Gaynor Bruce D. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Lietman Thomas M.
Published: December 2017

Repeated oral azithromycin distribution targeted only to children has proven effective in reducing the ocular Chlamydia that causes trachoma. Here, we assess whether an enhanced coverage target of at least 90% of children is superior to the World Health Organization recommendation of at least 80%. Twenty-four trachoma-endemic communities in Matamèye, Niger, were randomized to a single day of azithromycin distribution aiming for at least 80% coverage or up to 4 days of treatment and > 90% coverage of children under age 12. All distributions were biannual. Children < 5 years of age and adults > 15 years were monitored for ocular Chlamydia infection by polymerase chain reaction every 6 months for 36 months in children and at baseline and 36 months in adults. Ocular Chlamydia prevalence in children decreased from 24.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.9–33.8%) to 4.4% (95% CI 0.6–8.2%, P < 0.001) at 36 months in the standard coverage arm and from 15.6% (95% CI 10.0–21.2%) to 3.3% (95% CI 1.0–5.5%; P < 0.001) in the enhanced coverage arm. Enhanced coverage reduced ocular Chlamydia prevalence in children more quickly over time compared with standard (P = 0.04). There was no difference between arms at 36 months in children (2.4% lower with enhanced coverage, 95% CI 7.7–12.5%; P = 0.60). No infection was detected in adults at 36 months. Increasing antibiotic coverage among children from 80% to 90% may yield only short term improvements for trachoma control programs. Targeting treatment to children alone may be sufficient for trachoma control in this setting.
Case Report: Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Yamamoto Kei , Kato Yasuyuki , Shinohara Koh , Kutsuna Satoshi , Takeshita Nozomi , Hayakawa Kayoko , Iwagami Moritoshi , Kano Shigeyuki , Watanabe Shu , Ohmagari Norio
Published: December 2017

Cerebral malaria is a severe complication of falciparum malaria that occurs infrequently in adults. Here, we describe the case of a 21-year-old man who presented with fever and headache 13 days after returning from a 12-day trip to Kenya and was subsequently diagnosed with falciparum malaria. Complications of cerebral malaria developed within 1 day after the initiation of therapy with intravenous quinine, and the patient entered a deep coma. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed multiple vasoconstrictions in his brain. The resulting neurocognitive disorders that persisted after parasite clearance improved gradually, as confirmed by MRA, enabling the patient to perform activities of daily living upon discharge. In this case of cerebral malaria, the MRA findings indicated the involvement of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
Origin of a High-Latitude Population of Aedes aegypti in Washington, DC
Authors: Gloria-Soria Andrea , Lima Andrew , Lovin Diane D. , Cunningham Joanne M. , Severson David W. , Powell Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2017

An overwintering population of Aedes aegypti has been documented in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, DC, since 2011. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence data presented in a previous study traced the origin to the New World. Here, we use microsatellite and 14,071 single nucleotide polymorphisms along with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences on Washington Ae. aegypti samples and samples from potential sources to further narrow the origin of this population. Genetically, Washington Ae. aegypti are closest to populations in Florida, meaning this is the most likely source. Florida experienced the first mosquito-borne transmission of dengue in the United States after decades of absence of this disease, as well as local transmission of chikungunya and Zika in recent years. This suggests that the Capitol Hill, Washington, DC population of Ae. aegypti is capable of transmitting viruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in modern US city environments.
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with a Lateral Flow Strip for the Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Lai Meng-Yee , Ooi Choo-Huck , Lau Yee-Ling
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to develop a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral flow (LF) strip method for specific diagnosis of Plasmodium knowlesi. With incubation at 37°C, the 18S rRNA gene of P. knowlesi was successfully amplified within 12 minutes. By adding a specifically designed probe to the reaction solution, the amplified RPA product can be visualized on a LF strip. The RPA assay exhibited high sensitivity with limits of detection down to 10 parasites/μL of P. knowlesi. Nonetheless, it was demonstrated that all P. knowlesi (N = 41) and other Plasmodium sp. (N = 25) were positive while negative samples (N = 8) were negative. Therefore, a combination of RPA and LF strip detection is a highly promising approach with the potential to be suitable for use in resource-limited settings.
Using Drama to Promote Sustainable Health among Rural Folk in Benue State: Ikyaan and Amua Workshops
Authors: Mbachaga Desen Jonathan
Published: December 2017

In the last two decades, global efforts have focused on the high maternal mortality which is most common in third world countries. It is on the basis of this that the UN general assembly in 2016, adopted the UN Millennium Development Goals (now Sustainable Development Goals) as a basic framework for sustainable development, especially in third world countries. In many rural areas in Nigeria, women give birth without appropriate care from professional health caregivers and most of them have no adequate information and knowledge about antenatal clinic or understand the need for facility based delivery as against home based delivery. Using Ikyaan and Amua communities in Benue State as reference points, this article discusses the use of drama as a tool for community education towards enhancing maternal health consciousness among rural women in order to engender development (positive change). The findings reveal that prior to the drama intervention participants had low knowledge on the need for clinic based delivery because most women felt no harm in delivering with an untrained traditional birth attendant (TBA) or an older woman. But discussions and reflections after the TfD/performance made them to understand that complications could arise which would require professional care, including emergency situations that might require surgery. Also, the study observed during plenary regarding mother to child transmission (MTCT) that most people believe that if one is taking the Anti Retroviral drugs (ART) one would not need to use condoms since the drugs control the virus – this misconception was corrected. The conclusion reached is that access to good health is one of the most serious challenges faced by women in third world countries. Hence, the article suggests, among other things, to improve maternal health, policymakers and planners should utilize alternative approaches which create avenues for public communication regarding health literacy so as to effectively empower people to take action to improve their health.Keywords: Drama, Ikyaan, Amua, Safe motherhood, Sustainable health, MTCT, ART, TBA
Technical Theatre Practice in Nigerian University Theatres
Authors: Iyamah Chijioke Yankson , Akpughe Oghenemudiaga Praise
Published: December 2017

Technical theatre development is a visible feature of most university theatres in Nigeria. It is a science related and technical oriented area of specialization in theatre arts education that has suffered strangulated development and continuous decline of student's interest due to certain militating factors that also affect the general taste of the theatre arts discipline. This problem has for some time now engaged serious attention from technical theatre scholars and key players of theatre education in the country in a view of transforming the situation in line with acceptable standards. This study therefore exposes the deplorable state of technical theatre practice in Nigeria with regards to equipment and human resources available to students in assuring quality training in select Nigerian University theatres. The study utilizes the literary and sociological methodologies. Strategies and recommendation are proposed on how theatre students could be encouraged to show greater participation and interest in technical theatre. The study concludes that to guarantee the quality assurance of technical theatre graduates in Nigeria, adequate modern equipment and technical human resources must be provided in our university theatres. Keywords: Technology, Technical theatre, Scene design, Scene shop, University theatres
The Language of Satire in Nigerian Politics: A Study of the Syntactic Parameters in Wale Okediran's Tenants of the House
Authors: Edokpayi Justina N.
Published: December 2017

In every society, language serves as the means of human communication and interaction for establishing and maintaining social relationships. Language is the literary and linguistic tool which literary artists deploy for the conveyance of their individual artistic visions and sensibilities in literature. Political corruption is the major cause of the socio-political problems in Nigeria. The contemporary Nigerian literary artists deploy the language of satire as a means of exposing the socio-political problems responsible for poverty and underdevelopment in Nigeria. Moreover, they advance the measures to proffer lasting solutions to the socio-political problems, in order to usher in growth and development. Nigerian political leaders are exploitative and corrupt. They are not only exploiting Nigerians, but have plunged them into abject poverty and hardship through corrupt practices and bad governance. Unlike what obtains in many developed countries, politics in Nigeria like in most African countries is characterized by corrupt practices due to avarice and greed associated with political leadership. Employing content analysis, this article examines Wale Okediran's satirical use of the language of politics in Tenants of the House for aesthetic as well as communicative purposes.Keywords: Language, Nigerian politics, Satire, Wale Okediran, Corruption, Tenants of the House
Imo Edward's Adaptation of The Great Ponds by Elechi Amadi in Performance: A Review
Authors: Edum Sunday
Published: December 2017

No Abstract
La evaluación de competencias transversales en la materia trabajos fin de grado. Un estudio preliminar sobre la necesidad y oportunidad de establecer medios e instrumentos por ramas de conocimiento
Authors: Rullán Ayza Mercedes , Fernández Rodríguez Mónica , Estapè Dubreuil Glòria , Márquez Cebrián M. Dolores
Published: December 2017

El artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre la evaluación de los Trabajos Fin de Grado (TFG) y en particular sobre la evaluación de las competencias transversales en los mismos. En primer lugar se recogen los resultados de un estudio efectuado sobre el tipo y el número de competencias transversales establecidas como evaluables dentro de la materia TFG para 64 Grados de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Su análisis, agrupando los Grados según la rama de conocimiento a la que se adscribe cada uno, muestra la existencia de diferencias en la selección de las competencias transversales en función de dicha rama. En segundo lugar, se presenta un modelo de evaluación para los TFG, con el que se aborda el diseño de indicadores para algunas competencias transversales, así como medios e instrumentos para evaluarlos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la rama de conocimiento es un factor a tener en cuenta en el diseño de la evaluación por competencias, aún en el caso de considerar únicamente las competencias transversales, que por definición son comunes a todas las disciplinas. El trabajo ha sido desarrollado en el seno del grupo interdisciplinario de innovación docente GI-IDES:TFG de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Ecompetentis: una herramienta para la evaluación de competencias genéricas
Authors: García García Mª Jesús , Arranz Manso Gloria , Blanco Cotano Juan , Edwards Schachter Mónica , Hernández Perdomo Wilmar , Mazadiego Martínez Luis , Piqué Robert
Published: December 2017

Uno de los objetivos del proyecto “Desarrollo de la herramienta eCompetentis para la evaluación de competencias transversales” (EA2009‐0040) financiado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, fue elaborar un portal web (http://www.ecompetentis.es)   que pretende ser una plataforma de apoyo a los docentes universitarios españoles. Su uso puede ayudarles a desarrollar competencias genéricas en sus actividades docentes y a evaluar a sus estudiantes. Respecto a competencias genéricas, en el portal se ofrecen: instrumentos de evaluación, proyectos de innovación e investigación,   experiencias de éxito y otras utilidades.

A día de hoy, el portal incluye instrumentos para la evaluación de las competencias genéricas “trabajo en equipo” y “resolución de problemas”. Pero eCompetentis se ha planteado como un espacio colaborativo, y en breve, dispondrá de otros instrumentos, proyectos y experiencias de compañeros que han manifestado su interés en participar.
Recursos creativos corporales y uso de la comunicación no-verbal para el desarrollo y evaluación de competencias genéricas en alumnos de grado
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Rosa Mª , José Terrón María , García Patricia
Published: December 2017

La importancia del desarrollo y evaluación de competencias genéricas en los nuevos estudios de grado es un aspecto aceptado ya por toda la comunidad universitaria. La formación en competencias permitirá que los estudiantes estén mejor preparados para afrontar los retos de una sociedad en constante cambio. Esto requiere por parte del profesorado, de innovadores y creativos procedimientos para facilitar a los alumnos su proceso de aprendizaje. Los recursos creativos son herramientas ampliamente utilizadas en educación primaria y secundaria para la adquisición y evaluación de competencias, no siendo así en la enseñanza superior. En general, la formación en competencias a nivel universitario se realiza aplicando metodologías basadas en técnicas cognitivo-racionales. Sin embargo, el ser humano es una entidad dual compuesta por cuerpo y mente, lo que posibilita un enfoque desde lo corporal, opción ésta avalada por las numerosas investigaciones en neurociencia que señalan la repercusión que un correcto desarrollo motor y corporal tiene en otras funciones cerebrales. En este trabajo se presenta un proyecto de desarrollo y evaluación de competencias genéricas a través de un programa de trabajo corporal, movimiento creativo y comunicación no-verbal. Los resultados preliminares de su implantación en alumnos de grado de distintas titulaciones son muy prometedores.
Evaluación de competencias en la doble titulación de trabajo social y educación social. Una experiencia interdisciplinar
Authors: Monreal Gimeno Mª del Carmen , Terrón Caro Mª Teresa
Published: December 2017

La experiencia que analizamos implica al profesorado que durante los cursos 2007-08, 2008-09 y 2009-10 ha impartido clase en segundo curso de la titulación conjunta de Trabajo Social y Educación Social. En ella se ha puesto en juego la planificación, desarrollo y evaluación de forma conjunta de una serie de competencias tanto generales como específicas, consensuadas una vez puestas en común las que cada profesor/a tenía previsto trabajar con el alumnado en su propia materia.

El escenario a partir del cuál se inició la coordinación, ha sido el espacio de actividades en grupo (seminarios) que proporcionaba el diseño de la experiencia piloto de adaptación al Espacio Europeo.

La culminación de los objetivos previstos en su planificación ha supuesto tres cursos de trabajo conjunto, durante los cuales se han ido subsanando los problemas que iban surgiendo con la puesta en practica de la experiencia a la vez que se ha ido completando y perfeccionando, siendo uno de los más importantes el diseño de un sistema de evaluación por competencias que se ajustara a los objetivos marcados.
Proceso de integración y evaluación de competencias genéricas en la universitat politècnica de catalunya
Authors: Torra Bitlloch Imma , De Corral Manuel de Villena Ignacio , Martínez Martínez María , Gallego Fernández Isabel , Portet Cortés Esperanza , Pérez Cabrera María José
Published: December 2017

En abril de 2008 la UPC (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) aprobó el documento "Marc per al disseny i la implantació dels plans d’estudis de grau" donde se recogen una serie de orientaciones metodológicas y de evaluación que debería considerar la docencia universitaria actual, se establece la introducción de siete competencias genéricas en todas las titulaciones de grado y se plantea la forma como los planes de estudio pueden incorporarlas para garantizar así su adquisición por parte del alumnado. 

Cuatro de estas competencias genéricas se caracterizan por su carácter transversal a cualquier grado (Aprendizaje autónomo, Trabajo en equipo, Uso solvente de los recursos de información, Comunicación oral y escrita), dos constituyen el sello UPC (Emprendeduría e innovación, Sostenibilidad y Compromiso social) mientras la última queda establecida por ley (tercera lengua).

A través de esta comunicación se pretende dar a conocer una experiencia en la que se integran diferentes actuaciones de apoyo que pueden ser tenidas en cuenta por otras universidades con el objetivo de ofrecer a su profesorado y equipos directivos orientaciones, marcos de actuación y herramientas que les permitan conjuntamente llevar a cabo un proceso de integración, desarrollo y evaluación de competencias, coherente con su modelo docente y con el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.

 
El nuevo paradigma de aprendizaje y nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Esteve Mon Francesc M. , Gisbert Cervera Mercè
Published: December 2017

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ha propiciado un nuevo marco, centrado en el estudiante y en su aprendizaje lo largo de la vida, que ofrece nuevas oportunidades formativas. Para ello, resulta necesario que la universidad replantee su modelo educativo, impulsando y estimulando la educación activa del estudiante, a través de su planificación docente e institucional. En el primer apartado de este artículo, se revisan algunos ejemplos de modelos educativos centrados en el estudiante, desde la perspectiva de la institución, el profesorado y el estudiante.

Asimismo, las TIC juegan un importante papel en este cambio de paradigma. En la segunda parte de este artículo se revisa la posible contribución de estas herramientas como facilitadoras de los procesos de administración y gestión; como contenido de estudio, que permita a los estudiantes enfrentarse a los nuevos retos de la sociedad, a través de una adecuada alfabetización digital; y, sobre todo, como facilitadoras de nuevos modelos y estrategias de formación.

 
La universidad multilingüe
Authors: Alcón Soler Eva
Published: December 2017

El denominado proceso de Bolonia ha contribuido a plantearnos una serie de prioridades, siendo la internacionalización una de ellas. En la actualidad las dimensiones de esa internacionalización son múltiples: la movilidad académica, la internacionalización del currículum, la evaluación y la acreditación a partir de indicadores elaborados a nivel internacional. Unido a la internacionalización encontramos la necesidad de mejorar en idiomas, y, de manera especial, en el uso del inglés como instrumento de comunicación. Desde esa perspectiva, en este artículo analizamos el fenómeno del multilingüismo y el panorama actual de la enseñanza de lenguas en Europa. A continuación, señalamos los logros alcanzados y el camino que nos queda por recorrer en la educación superior. Finalmente, planteamos algunas ideas para incentivar los idiomas y potenciar el multilingüismo en la universidad.

 
A vueltas con el practicum
Authors: Zabalza Beraza Miguel Angel
Published: December 2017

A la vista de las numerosas publicaciones, seminarios, conferencias, reuniones de trabajo quese le dedican, podríamos tener la impresión de que nos hallamos desbordados por elPRACTICUM. Algo que sucede, incluso, en carreras en las que tanto las antiguas Prácticas comoel moderno PRACTICUM tenían una larga tradición como parte de la formación. Lapreocupación ahora es cómo integrar el PRACTICUM en los Grados. ¿Ha de tener el mismosentido, la misma secuencia, los mismos enfoques el nuevo PRACTICUM de los Grados que elantiguo de las Licenciaturas o Diplomaturas? ¿Cómo incluimos los nuevos enfoques oelementos docentes de Bolonia como las competencias, el trabajo autónomo de losestudiantes, la contabilización de los créditos ECTS, el trabajo por módulos, la evaluacióncontinua, etc. en el PRACTICUM? En esas batallas estamos inmersos en muchas Facultades.Tratamos de resolver el problema pero, en ocasiones, con herramientas inadecuadas. Si todoqueda reducido al reparto de las horas entre los Departamentos implicados sin otrasconsideraciones de más fuste conceptual será difícil construir propuestas interesantes einnovadoras de PRACTICUM. Y habremos perdido o desaprovechado el enorme potencialformativo que reside en esa combinación entre lo académico y lo profesional que se producedurante los periodos de prácticas en contextos profesionales y centros de trabajo [...]
La dimension internationale de la recherche
Authors: Morancho Roland
Published: December 2017

Les principales missions de l’Université sont la formation et la recherche. Cette dernière est source de nouvelles connaissances et d’innovation pour les entreprises. La compétition économique que livre l’Union Européenne aux pays développés et les pays en émergence est un défi permanent.

Pour répondre à ce challenge, l’Union Européenne s’est engagée dans un processus de structuration et de mutualisation de la recherche des pays membres au sein de l’Espace Européen de la Recherche. En finançant par l’intermédiaire du 7ème programme cadre des projets communs de recherche, l’Union Européenne incite les chercheurs à se regrouper pour collaborer.

A l’instar de l’Europe, les Etats, les institutions diverses définissent leur politique de relations internationales en recherche.

Si l’ouverture internationale est un élément de progrès et d’épanouissement pour le chercheur, c’est aussi un espace de liberté pour son travail.