bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Lignin for the Preparation of Cyclic Hydrocarbon-Based Biofuels
Authors: Gundekari Sreedhar , Karmee Sanjib Kumar
Published: December 2022

The demand for biomass utilization is increasing because of the depletion of fossil resources that are non-renewable in nature. Lignin is the second most renewable organic carbon source, but currently it has limited scope for application in the chemical and fuel industries. Lignin is a side product of the paper and pulp, sugar, and 2G bioethanol industries. Many research groups are working on the value-addition of lignin. Among the lignin depolymerization methods, catalytic hydropyrolysis is gaining attention and is playing a crucial role in developing biorefinery. The hydropyrolysis of lignin was conducted at a higher temperature in the presence of H2. The hydropyrolysis of lignin results in the selective formation of non-oxygenated cyclic hydrocarbons in a shorter reaction time. It is possible to use the cyclic hydrocarbons directly as a fuel or they can be blended with conventional gasoline. This review focuses on the prior art of pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of lignin. Possible products of lignin hydropyrolysis and suitable synthetic routes to obtain non-oxygenated cyclic hydrocarbons are also discussed. The influence of various process parameters, such as type of reactor, metal catalyst, nature of catalytic supports, reaction temperature, and H2 pressure are discussed with regard to the hydropyrolysis of lignin to achieve good selectivity of cyclic hydrocarbons.
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Human Diseases Caused by Mutations of LINC Complex-Associated Genes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary
Authors: Storey Emily C. , Fuller Heidi R.
Published: December 2022

Mutations in genes encoding proteins associated with the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex within the nuclear envelope cause different diseases with varying phenotypes including skeletal muscle, cardiac, metabolic, or nervous system pathologies. There is some understanding of the structure of LINC complex-associated proteins and how they interact, but it is unclear how mutations in genes encoding them can cause the same disease, and different diseases with different phenotypes. Here, published mutations in LINC complex-associated proteins were systematically reviewed and analyzed to ascertain whether patterns exist between the genetic sequence variants and clinical phenotypes. This revealed LMNA is the only LINC complex-associated gene in which mutations commonly cause distinct conditions, and there are no clear genotype-phenotype correlations. Clusters of LMNA variants causing striated muscle disease are located in exons 1 and 6, and metabolic disease-associated LMNA variants are frequently found in the tail of lamin A/C. Additionally, exon 6 of the emerin gene, EMD, may be a mutation “hot-spot”, and diseases related to SYNE1, encoding nesprin-1, are most often caused by nonsense type mutations. These results provide insight into the diverse roles of LINC-complex proteins in human disease and provide direction for future gene-targeted therapy development.
Engineered Nanovesicles from Fibroblasts Modulate Dermal Papillae Cells In Vitro and Promote Human Hair Follicle Growth Ex Vivo
Authors: Rajendran Ramya Lakshmi , Gangadaran Prakash , Kwack Mi Hee , Oh Ji Min , Hong Chae Moon , Jeyaraman Madhan , Sung Young Kwan , Lee Jaetae , Ahn Byeong-Cheol
Published: December 2022

Alopecia is a common medical condition affecting both sexes. Dermal papilla (DP) cells are the primary source of hair regeneration in alopecia patients. Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are restricted by low yields, high costs, and their time-consuming collection process. Thus, engineered nanovesicles (eNVs) have emerged as suitable therapeutic biomaterials in translational medicine. We isolated eNVs by the serial extrusion of fibroblasts (FBs) using polycarbonate membrane filters and serial and ultracentrifugation. We studied the internalization, proliferation, and migration of human DP cells in the presence and absence of FB-eNVs. The therapeutic potential of FB-eNVs was studied on ex vivo organ cultures of human hair follicles (HFs) from three human participants. FB-eNVs (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 µg/mL) significantly enhanced DP cell proliferation, with the maximum effect observed at 7.5 µg/mL. FB-eNVs (5 and 10 µg/mL) significantly enhanced the migration of DP cells at 36 h. Western blotting results suggested that FB-eNVs contain vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a. FB-eNV treatment increased the levels of PCNA, pAKT, pERK, and VEGF-receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in DP cells. Moreover, FB-eNVs increased the human HF shaft size in a short duration ex vivo. Altogether, FB-eNVs are promising therapeutic candidates for alopecia.
Proteomics and Phospho-Proteomics Profiling of the Co-Formulation of Type I and II Interferons, HeberFERON, in the Glioblastoma-Derived Cell Line U-87 MG
Authors: Vázquez-Blomquist Dania , Hardy-Sosa Anette , Baez Saiyet C. , Besada Vladimir , Palomares Sucel , Guirola Osmany , Ramos Yassel , Wiśniewski Jacek R. , González Luis Javier , Bello-Rivero Iraldo
Published: December 2022

HeberFERON, a co-formulation of Interferon (IFN)-α2b and IFN-γ, has effects on skin cancer and other solid tumors. It has antiproliferative effects over glioblastoma multiform (GBM) clones and cultured cell lines, including U-87 MG. Here, we report the first label-free quantitative proteomic and phospho-proteomic analyses to evaluate changes induced by HeberFERON after 72 h incubation of U-87 MG that can explain the effect on cellular proliferation. LC-MS/MS, functional enrichment and networking analysis were performed. We identified 7627 proteins; 122 and 211 were down- and up-regulated by HeberFERON (fold change > 2; p < 0.05), respectively. We identified 23,549 peptides (5692 proteins) and 8900 phospho-peptides; 523 of these phospho-peptides (359 proteins) were differentially modified. Proteomic enrichment showed IFN signaling and its control, direct and indirect antiviral mechanisms were the main modulated processes. Phospho-proteome enrichment displayed the cell cycle as one of the most commonly targeted events together with cytoskeleton organization; translation/RNA splicing, autophagy and DNA repair, as represented biological processes. There is a high interconnection of phosphoproteins in a molecular network; mTOR occupies a centric hub with interactions with translation machinery, cytoskeleton and autophagy components. Novel phosphosites and others with unknown biological functionality in key players in the aforementioned processes were regulated by HeberFERON and involved CDK and ERK kinases. These findings open new experimental hypotheses regarding HeberFERON action. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of HeberFERON effector mechanisms in the context of GBM treatment.
eIF4A/PDCD4 Pathway, a Factor for Doxorubicin Chemoresistance in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Model
Authors: González-Ortiz Alina , Pulido-Capiz Angel , Castañeda-Sánchez César Y. , Ibarra-López Esmeralda , Galindo-Hernández Octavio , Calderón-Fernández Maritza Anahí , López-Cossio Leslie Y. , Díaz-Molina Raul , Chimal-Vega Brenda , Serafín-Higuera Nicolás , Córdova-Guerrero Iván , García-González Victor
Published: December 2022

Cells employ several adaptive mechanisms under conditions of accelerated cell division, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is composed of a tripartite signaling system that involves ATF6, PERK, and IRE1, which maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). However, deregulation of protein translation initiation could be associated with breast cancer (BC) chemoresistance. Specifically, eukaryotic initiation factor-4A (eIF4A) is involved in the unfolding of the secondary structures of several mRNAs at the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR), as well as in the regulation of targets involved in chemoresistance. Importantly, the tumor suppressor gene PDCD4 could modulate this process. This regulation might be disrupted in chemoresistant triple negative-BC (TNBC) cells. Therefore, we characterized the effect of doxorubicin (Dox), a commonly used anthracycline medication, on human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Here, we generated and characterized models of Dox chemoresistance, and chemoresistant cells exhibited lower Dox internalization levels followed by alteration of the IRE1 and PERK arms of the UPR and triggering of the antioxidant Nrf2 axis. Critically, chemoresistant cells exhibited PDCD4 downregulation, which coincided with a reduction in eIF4A interaction, suggesting a sophisticated regulation of protein translation. Likewise, Dox-induced chemoresistance was associated with alterations in cellular migration and invasion, which are key cancer hallmarks, coupled with changes in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Moreover, eIF4A knockdown via siRNA and its overexpression in chemoresistant cells suggested that eIF4A regulates FAK. Pro-atherogenic low-density lipoproteins (LDL) promoted cellular invasion in parental and chemoresistant cells in an MMP-9-dependent manner. Moreover, Dox only inhibited parental cell invasion. Significantly, chemoresistance was modulated by cryptotanshinone (Cry), a natural terpene purified from the roots of Salvia brandegeei. Cry and Dox co-exposure induced chemosensitization, connected with the Cry effect on eIF4A interaction. We further demonstrated the Cry binding capability on eIF4A and in silico assays suggest Cry inhibition on the RNA-processing domain. Therefore, strategic disruption of protein translation initiation is a druggable pathway by natural compounds during chemoresistance in TNBC. However, plasmatic LDL levels should be closely monitored throughout treatment.
The Biological Effect of Small Extracellular Vesicles on Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Huang Defa , Wu Jiyang , Li Zhengzhe , Yi Xiaomei , Zhong Tianyu
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that seriously threatens human health, and metastasis from CRC is a major cause of death and poor prognosis for patients. Studying the potential mechanisms of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in tumor development may provide new options for early and effective diagnosis and treatment of CRC metastasis. In this review, we systematically describe how sEVs mediate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), reconfigure the tumor microenvironment (TME), modulate the immune system, and alter vascular permeability and angiogenesis to promote CRC metastasis. We also discuss the current difficulties in studying sEVs and propose new ideas.
Repair of Long Nerve Defects with a New Decellularized Nerve Graft in Rats and in Sheep
Authors: Contreras Estefanía , Traserra Sara , Bolívar Sara , Forés Joaquim , Jose-Cunilleras Eduard , García Felix , Delgado-Martínez Ignacio , Holmgren Sandra , Strehl Raimund , Udina Esther , Navarro Xavier
Published: December 2022

Decellularized nerve allografts (DC) are an alternative to autografts (AG) for repairing severe peripheral nerve injuries. We have assessed a new DC provided by VERIGRAFT. The decellularization procedure completely removed cellularity while preserving the extracellular matrix. We first assessed the DC in a 15 mm gap in the sciatic nerve of rats, showing slightly delayed but effective regeneration. Then, we assayed the DC in a 70 mm gap in the peroneal nerve of sheep compared with AG. Evaluation of nerve regeneration and functional recovery was performed by clinical, electrophysiology and ultrasound tests. No significant differences were found in functional recovery between groups of sheep. Histology showed a preserved fascicular structure in the AG while in the DC grafts regenerated axons were grouped in small units. In conclusion, the DC was permissive for axonal regeneration and allowed to repair a 70 mm long gap in the sheep nerve.
Recent Advances in the Study of Na+/K+-ATPase in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Lee Weithye , Bian Jin-Song
Published: December 2022

Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), a large transmembrane protein, is expressed in the plasma membrane of most eukaryotic cells. It maintains resting membrane potential, cell volume and secondary transcellular transport of other ions and neurotransmitters. NKA consumes about half of the ATP molecules in the brain, which makes NKA highly sensitive to energy deficiency. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a group of diseases characterized by chronic, progressive and irreversible neuronal loss in specific brain areas. The pathogenesis of NDDs is sophisticated, involving protein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The protective effect of NKA against NDDs has been emerging gradually in the past few decades. Hence, understanding the role of NKA in NDDs is critical for elucidating the underlying pathophysiology of NDDs and identifying new therapeutic targets. The present review focuses on the recent progress involving different aspects of NKA in cellular homeostasis to present in-depth understanding of this unique protein. Moreover, the essential roles of NKA in NDDs are discussed to provide a platform and bright future for the improvement of clinical research in NDDs.
SFRP2 Overexpression Induces an Osteoblast-like Phenotype in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Akova Ölken Elif , Aszodi Attila , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Saito Hiroaki , Schönitzer Veronika , Chaloupka Michael , Apfelbeck Maria , Böcker Wolfgang , Saller Maximilian Michael
Published: December 2022

Prostate cancer bone metastasis is still one of the most fatal cancer diagnoses for men. Survival of the circulating prostate tumor cells and their adaptation strategy to survive in the bone niche is the key point to determining metastasis in early cancer stages. The promoter of SFRP2 gene, encoding a WNT signaling modulator, is hypermethylated in many cancer types including prostate cancer. Moreover, SFRP2 can positively regulate osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we showed SFRP2 overexpression in the prostate cancer cell line PC3 induces an epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), increases the attachment, and modifies the transcriptome towards an osteoblast-like phenotype (osteomimicry) in a collagen 1-dependent manner. Our data reflect a novel molecular mechanism concerning how metastasizing prostate cancer cells might increase their chance to survive within bone tissue.
Pathophysiological Mechanism of Neurodevelopmental Disorders—Overview
Authors: Nagata Koh-ichi
Published: December 2022

Technological advancements in next-generation DNA sequencing have enabled elucidation of many genetic causes of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) over the last two decades [...]
Review on Anti-Aggregation-Enabled Colorimetric Sensing Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Shellaiah Muthaiah , Sun Kien-Wen
Published: December 2022

Gold- and silver nanoparticles (Au NPs and Ag NPs)-based colorimetric detection of specific analytes has attracted intense research interest and is still in great demand. The majority of Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based sensory reports have revealed that, during the analyte recognition, dispersed NPs typically aggregated and displayed color changes from wine-red to blue/purple and yellow to orange/brown, respectively. On the other hand, only a few reports demonstrated that the aggregated Au NPs and Ag NPs underwent anti-aggregation in the presence of certain analytes, which displayed reversed color changes from blue/purple to wine-red and orange/brown to yellow, correspondingly. There are some examples of anti-aggregation phenomena mentioned in a vast number of studies on Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric sensors via NP aggregation. However, a review targeting the anti-aggregation-enabled Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric sensing of diverse analytes is not yet available. In this review, anti-aggregation-facilitated Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric detection of metal ions, anions, bio-analytes, pesticides, and herbicides is delivered with detailed underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the probe design, sensory requirement, merits, limitations, and future scope of anti-aggregation-enabled Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric sensors are discussed.
“Face(s)” of a PHACE(S) Syndrome Patient before and after Therapy: Particular Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Stănciulescu Maria-Corina , Dorobantu Florica Ramona , Boia Eugen Sorin , Popoiu Marius-Călin , Cerbu Simona , Heredea Rodica , Iacob Emil Radu , Cimpean Anca Maria , Caplar Borislav Dusan , Popoiu Anca Voichita
Published: December 2022

A rare, uncommon disorder called PHACE(S) (P-posterior fossa anomalies, H-hemangioma, A-arterial anomalies, C-cardiac anomalies, E-eye anomalies, and S-sternal cleft) of unknown etiology was rarely reported. Children are susceptible to developing PHACE(S) syndrome from the moment they are born. It may be challenging for a physician to appropriately diagnose and treat children with PHACE due to the multifaceted nature of the disease and the extensive range of consequences that may be associated with it. A one-month-old newborn girl was admitted to hospital with extensive, multiple facial infantile hemangiomas, ulceration of the lower lip hemangioma-like lesion, cardiovascular, sternal, and neurological concomitant malformations. Five days following the initial application of the medication, systemic treatment with propranolol and topical treatment with silver sulfadiazine produced their first noticeable benefits. The lip ulceration was mostly healed and facial hemangioma started to regress. The regression continued under therapy and this effect persists for 6 months since Propranolol therapy ended. No cardiovascular or neurological clinical events have been registered during follow-up. The present case has three peculiarities: (1) high number of facial hemangiomas; (2) presence of subependymal cyst not yet reported in the literature associated with PHACE syndrome; and (3) lack of cardiovascular events during therapy knowing that these events frequently appear in PHACE syndrome patients.
Risk Factors, Clinical Consequences, Prevention, and Treatment of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Shaban Mohamed Mossad Abdelhak , AbouKhatwa Merna Mahmoud , Saifullah Abdul Aziz , Hareez Syahmi Muhammad , Mosaad Mohamed , Elrggal Mahmoud E. , Dehele Inderpal Singh , Elnaem Mohamed Hassan
Published: December 2022

Obesity might adversely affect the health and well-being of children and their families. Childhood obesity has crucial implications for health, both during childhood and as they age. It is highly associated with many acute problems and is commonly present during childhood, making visits and hospital admissions polarized in this group of children. The problems that may affect these children can be medical, such as asthma, chronic inflammation, orthopedic abnormalities, liver disease, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Long-term consequences of cardiovascular risk factors, the persistence of obesity and premature mortality are common among adults who had obesity during their early lives. Additionally, they could also suffer from psychological issues, such as low self-esteem, which puts them at risk of a much more serious psychosocial problem that may lead to depression, as well as a disruption in educational achievements and social relationships. A healthy diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, and limited screen time are all preventive measures that should be implemented at the family and community levels, preferably through well-structured programs. Furthermore, pharmacological management of childhood obesity is limited and only used after non-pharmacological interventions have failed or in the late stages of obesity. However, recent guidelines advocate the early use of medical interventions. Approved pharmacotherapeutic options include orlistat, phentermine/topiramate combination and liraglutide. There are several other options approved primarily for other specific forms of obesity or for other indications, including setmelanotide, metformin, lisdexamfetamine, zonisamide and fluoxetine. Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective option in cases with extreme obesity and comorbidities considering the need for long-term monitoring and support for cases and their families post-surgery. This review aims to discuss and highlight the recent evidence regarding risk factors, clinical consequences, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity.
Laser Ablation of Copper Alloy under Varying Environmental Conditions to Achieve Purpose-Built Surface Structures
Authors: Dawood Asadullah , Ahmed Naveed , Bashir Shazia , Hayat Asma , Sarfraz Syed , Ayub Ambreen
Published: December 2022

In the manufacturing industry, surface structures and surface topographies present at functional areas of the mechanical parts play a vital role in various performance characteristics, such as corrosion resistance, weldability, and wear behaviors, etc. Copper–zinc alloys are extensively used in the manufacturing industry. Laser ablation has the potential to create a variety of surface structures on the ablated substrate. The size and geometry of such structures largely depend on the selection of process parameters and the ablation environment. In the present study, a copper–zinc alloy (95% Cu and 5% Zn) has been laser ablated under different gaseous and magnetic environments to realize a variety of micro-structuring at the ablation surfaces. The effect of plasma plume pressure on the geometry of the structures is deeply investigated through optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By analytically evaluating thermal beta (βt), directional beta (βd), and containment radii (Rs) for the plasma of the Cu–Zinc alloy, the validity of magnetic confinement has been proven. In general, five types of microstructures are produced: micro-sized spherical cones, mounted ablated networks, cavities, pores, ridges, and ablation channels with uplifted cones. Moreover, it has been found that, under a magnetic environment, the geometry of the structures is distinct and well-defined compared to those structures achieved when the ablation is carried out without applying a magnetic field.
Improvement of 3D Printing Cement-Based Material Process: Parameter Experiment and Analysis
Authors: Li Zihan , Liu Huanbao , Cheng Xiang , Nie Ping , Yang Xianhai , Zheng Guangming , Su Hongxing , Jin Wenyu
Published: December 2022

Three-dimensional printing concrete is a digital and automating construction technology, which is expected to solve a series of problems existing in the traditional construction industry, such as low automation, high labor intensity, low efficiency and high risk. However, there are still many technical and operational challenges. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the effects of process parameters on the geometry and stability of the printed layer. Firstly, a theoretical model is established to analyze the structure of the printed layer under different nozzle speeds, material flow rates and nozzle offset. Secondly, a slump test is carried out to select the optimal ratio suitable for 3D cement printers, and the specimen is printed under various conditions. Finally, based on the obtained parameters, multiple nozzles are used for printing, and a pressure value suitable for each nozzle in the nonlinear path is calculated. The experimental results show that theoretical model can sufficiently verify printing structure in different parameter intervals, and the process parameters (nozzle speed, material flow rate and nozzle offset) can be changed to achieve the best effect of cement-based material forming structure.
Stability of FeVO4-II under Pressure: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Romero-Vázquez Pricila Betbirai , López-Moreno Sinhué , Errandonea Daniel
Published: December 2022

In this work, we report first-principles calculations to study FeVO4 in the CrVO4-type (phase II) structure under pressure. Total-energy calculations were performed in order to analyze the structural parameters, the electronic, elastic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of FeVO4-II up to 9.6 GPa for the first time. We found a good agreement in the structural parameters with the experimental results available in the literature. The electronic structure analysis was complemented with results obtained from the Laplacian of the charge density at the bond critical points within the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules methodology. Our findings from the elastic, mechanic, and vibrational properties were correlated to determine the elastic and dynamic stability of FeVO4-II under pressure. Calculations suggest that beyond the maximum pressure covered by our study, this phase could undergo a phase transition to a wolframite-type structure, such as in CrVO4 and InVO4.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of 3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl-5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonate as a Fluorescence Sensor for Fluoride Ion Detection
Authors: Khunarj Siraprapa , Saijaroensakul Woradorn , Marom Wilailak , Chainok Kittipong , Duangthongyou Tanwawan , Pinchaipat Bussaba , Wannalerse Boontana
Published: December 2022

3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl-5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonate, also referred to as sensor R1, was synthesized and characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR, IR, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Connections in the packing crystal structure of sensor R1 occur through hydrogen bonding interactions. However, no π-π stacking interactions between molecules of sensor R1 were observed. Addition of fluoride ion to a solution of sensor R1 resulted in the appearance of a new absorption band at 310 nm, which corresponded to the deprotonated species, and quenching of the peak at an emission wavelength of 562 nm. For the addition of other anions, there was a slight decrease in corresponding peaks in the UV-visible and emission spectra of sensor R1. According to the 1H-NMR study, the aromatic proton resonances of sensor R1 shifted upfield when adding fluoride ion. Analysis of the solutions prepared using Job’s method revealed that the complexation ratio of the complex formed between sensor R1 and fluoride ion was 1:1. The Stern−Volmer quenching constant (Ksv) between sensor R1 and fluoride ion was characterized as 7157 M−1.
Direct Observation of Carrier Transportation between Localized States in InGaN Quantum Wells
Authors: Li Yangfeng , Li Yixiao , Zhang Jie , Wang Yi , Li Tong , Jiang Yang , Jia Haiqiang , Wang Wenxin , Yang Rong , Chen Hong
Published: December 2022

Despite the large misfit dislocation densities, indium gallium nitride (InGaN) demonstrates high luminous efficiency both for electroluminescence and photoluminescence. The mechanism behind it has been interpreted as the existence of potential minima (i.e., localized states), which will screen the non-radiative recombination centers to avoid carriers being trapped by the defects. The existence of localized states has been testified by many experiments. However, almost all of the observations are indirect observations, and some experiments, such as those focused on whether the indium clusters observed by transmission electron microscopy are localized states, still remain controversial. Here, we report the direct observation of carrier transportation between localized states driven by temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) and excitation power-dependent PL in InGaN quantum wells. This enriches the experimental evidence on the existence of localized states.
First-Principles Calculations of the Phonon, Mechanical and Thermoelectric Properties of Half-Heusler Alloy VIrSi Alloys
Authors: Adebambo Paul O. , Adetunji Bamidele I. , Uto Oghenekevwe T. , Kenmoe Stephane , Adebayo Gboyega A.
Published: December 2022

The density functional theory was used to explore the structural, electronic, dynamical, and thermoelectric properties of a VIrSi half-Heulser (HH) alloy. The minimum lattice constant of 5.69 (Å) was obtained for VIrSi alloy. The band structure and the projected density of states for this HH alloy were calculated, and the gap between the valence and conduction bands was noted to be 0.2 eV. In addition, the quasi-harmonic approximation was used to predict the dynamical stability of the VIrSi HH alloy. At 300 K, the Seebeck coefficient of 370 and −270 μV.K−1, respectively, was achieved for the p and n-type doping. From the power factor result, the highest peak of 18 × 1011 W/cm.K2 is obtained in the n-type doping. The Figure of Merit (ZT) result revealed that VIrSi alloy possesses a high ZT at room temperature, which would make VIrSi alloy applicable for thermoelectric performance.
Trophic Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Permanent Streams in the Eastern Balkans
Authors: Rimcheska Biljana , Vidinova Yanka , Varadinova Emilia
Published: December 2022

The present study provides data on the trophic structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in mountainous and semi-mountainous small streams and river sections belonging to Mesta, Struma and Vardar River catchments from 7th Ecoregion. The benthic macroinvertebrates were assigned to seven Functional Feeding Groups. We analyzed their trophic structure and the dynamics in different seasons. The level of similarity between the sampling localities was analyzed in the context of both the river typology and the water catchment. A comparison between the two trophic indices was conducted in order to analyze the advantages of the application of these indices for assessment of the ecological status at the studied sites. We found that the trophic structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in ostensibly typologically similar river sections differs at the undisturbed vs the impacted sampled sites. To a large extent, these differences were also determined by the presence of anthropogenic influence that resulted in the predominance of deposit feeders amplifying on higher disturbance on some of the studied rivers. Long-term negative pressure has led to changes in microhabitats that affect the structure and functioning of the aquatic ecosystem by transformation of the trophic structure of the macrozoobenthos.
Factors in the Distribution of Mycorrhizal and Soil Fungi
Authors: Janowski Daniel , Leski Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Soil fungi are crucial microorganisms in the functioning of ecosystems. They shape the soil properties, facilitate nutrient circulation, and assist with plant growth. However, their biogeography and distribution studies are limited compared to other groups of organisms. This review aims to provide an overview of the main factors shaping the spatial distribution of soil fungi (with a special focus on mycorrhizal fungi). The review also tries to identify the field frontier where further studies are needed. The main drivers of soil fungal distribution were classified and reviewed into three groups: soil properties, plant interactions, and dispersal vectors. It was apparent that ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular fungi are relatively overrepresented in the body of research, while the other mycorrhiza types and endophytes were grossly omitted. Notwithstanding, soil pH and the share of ectomycorrhizal plants in the plant coverage were repeatedly reported as strong predictors of mycorrhizal fungal distribution. Dispersal potential and vector preferences show more variation among fungi, especially when considering long-distance dispersal. Additionally, special attention was given to the applications of the island biogeography theory to soil fungal assemblages. This theory proves to be a very efficient framework for analyzing and understanding not only the soil fungal communities of real islands but even more effective islands, i.e., isolated habitats, such as patches of trees discontinuous from more enormous forests.
Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Coleoptera: Carabidae)—New Steppe Element for the Bulgarian Fauna from the Karst Refugium of the Chepan Planina Mt.
Authors: Teofilova Teodora M. , Kodzhabashev Nikolay D.
Published: December 2022

During a study of the distribution and status of Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with pitfall traps exposed between November 2021 and April 2022, immediately south of Petrovski Krast Peak (1206 m a.s.l.) in the Chepan Planina Mt., at 1188 m a.s.l., the rare and stenotopic steppe species Carabus bessarabicus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823, was found for the first time in Bulgaria and the European Union. In October 2022, elytra of both species were also found by handpicking in the same area. The coexistence of these two specific and rare steppe species has been recorded only in few localities in Ukraine and Russia and in no EU country. This finding is also very interesting given the high conservation status of Carabus bessarabicus, the significant remoteness of its newly established locality (more than 1200 km) from its previously known range, and its strong south-westward drift. The species is used as a bioindicator for the anthropogenically uninfluenced steppe environment, which can also probably be applied in Bulgaria. The establishment of this first record for the EU also implies an increase in the conservation status of the species through its inclusion in the Union-wide conservation documents and ecological networks.
Recurrent Prostate Cancer Diagnostics with 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT: A Systematic Review of the Current State
Authors: Saule Laura , Radzina Maija , Liepa Mara , Roznere Lilita , Lioznovs Andrejs , Ratniece Madara , Mamis Edgars , Vjaters Egils
Published: December 2022

Background: Early diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer is a cornerstone for further adequate therapy planning. Therefore, clinical practice and research still focuses on diagnostic tools that can detect prostate cancer in early recurrence when it is undetectable in conventional diagnostic imaging. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT is a novel method to evaluate patients with biochemical recurrent PCa. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in prostate cancer local recurrence, lymph node metastases and bone metastases detection. Methods: Original studies, reviews and five meta-analyses were included in this article. A total of 70 studies were retrieved, 31 were included in the study. Results: All patients described in the studies underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. The administered 18F-PSMA-1007 individual dose ranged from 159 ± 31 MBq to 363.93 ± 69.40 MBq. Results showed that 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrates a good detection rate in recurrent prostate cancer. Conclusions: 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT appears to achieve reliable performance in detecting recurrent prostate cancer. The high detection rate of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in recurrent prostate cancer was confirmed, especially in local recurrence and small lymph nodes with non-specific characteristics on conventional diagnostic imaging methods. However, several authors emphasize some limitations for this tracer—for example, non-specific uptake in bone lesions that can mimic bone metastases.
Association Between Atherosclerosis-Related Cardiovascular Disease and Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Xinyi , Lv Tonglian , Li Guangping , Tse Gary , Liu Tong
Published: December 2022

Background: Uveitis is not only an intraocular inflammatory disease, but also an indicator of systemic inflammation. It is unclear whether uveitis can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through the atherosclerotic pathway. Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched until 5 September, 2022. Original studies investigating uveitis and cardiovascular events were selected. The random-effects model was used to calculate the difference of groups in pooled estimates. Results: A total of six observational studies that included mainly ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients were included. Of these, three studies reported data on carotid plaques and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the other three studies provided data on atherosclerosis-related CVD. No significant difference was found in cIMT between uveitis and controls (MD = 0.01, 95% CI = −0.03–0.04, p = 0.66), consistent with the findings of carotid plaque incidence (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.71–2.41, p = 0.39). However, uveitis was associated with a 1.49-fold increase in atherosclerosis-related CVD (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.20–1.84, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Uveitis is a predictor of atherosclerosis-related CVD in AS patients. For autoimmune disease patients with uveitis, earlier screening of cardiovascular risk factors and the implementation of corresponding prevention strategies may be associated with a better prognosis.
Quantitative Prediction of SYNTAX Score for Cardiovascular Artery Disease Patients via the Inverse Problem Algorithm Technique as Artificial Intelligence Assessment in Diagnostics
Authors: Lin Meng-Chiung , Tseng Vincent S. , Lin Chih-Sheng , Chiu Shao-Wen , Pan Lung-Kwang , Pan Lung-Fa
Published: December 2022

The quantitative prediction of the SYNTAX score for cardiovascular artery disease patients using the inverse problem algorithm (IPA) technique in artificial intelligence was explored in this study. A 29-term semi-empirical formula was defined according to seven risk factors: (1) age, (2) mean arterial pressure, (3) body surface area, (4) pre-prandial blood glucose, (5) low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, (6) Troponin I, and (7) C-reactive protein. Then, the formula was computed via the STATISTICA 7.0 program to obtain a compromised solution for a 405-patient dataset with a specific loss function [actual-predicted]2 as low as 3.177, whereas 0.0 implies a 100% match between the prediction and observation via “the lower, the better” principle. The IPA technique first created a data matrix [405 × 29] from the included patients’ data and then attempted to derive a compromised solution of the column matrix of 29-term coefficients [29 × 1]. The correlation coefficient, r2, of the regression line for the actual versus predicted SYNTAX score was 0.8958, showing a high coincidence among the dataset. The follow-up verification based on another 105 patients’ data from the same group also had a high correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.8304. Nevertheless, the verified group’s low derived average AT (agreement) (ATavg = 0.308 ± 0.193) also revealed a slight deviation between the theoretical prediction from the STATISTICA 7.0 program and the grades assigned by clinical cardiologists or interventionists. The predicted SYNTAX scores were compared with earlier reported findings based on a single-factor statistical analysis or scanned images obtained by sonography or cardiac catheterization. Cardiologists can obtain the SYNTAX score from the semi-empirical formula for an instant referral before performing a cardiac examination.
Diagnosis of Acute Myocarditis Using Texture-Based Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, with CINE Imaging as a Novel Tissue Characterization Technique
Authors: Papalini Evin I. , Polte Christian L. , Bobbio Emanuele , Lagerstrand Kerstin M.
Published: December 2022

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a useful tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis (AM), yet the diagnosis remains challenging. The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate if data-driven texture analysis has the feasibility to automatically distinguish between patients with and without CMR-verified AM using T2-weighted, late gadolinium enhancement, and CINE imaging. In particular, the present study investigated if functional CINE imaging could be used as a novel tissue characterization technique. Twenty patients with clinically suspected AM, separated into CMR-verified (n = 10) and non CMR-verified (n = 10) AM according to the Lake Louise criteria, were retrospectively included. Texture features were extracted from the images, compared on a group level, and correlated to the diagnostic outcome (CMR-verified versus non CMR-verified AM). Several features showed good to excellent reproducibility with very large differences between the groups, and moderate to strong correlation with the diagnostic outcome, suggesting that CMR texture analysis is a promising diagnostic tool for patients with clinically suspected AM. Furthermore, findings indicate that CINE imaging, which is currently used for the evaluation of cardiac function, might be a useful non-contrast-based technique for tissue characterization in patients with clinically suspected AM.
Photoplethysmographic Measurement of Arterial Stiffness in Polish Patients with Long-COVID-19 Syndrome—The Results of a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Szoltysek-Boldys Izabela , Zielinska-Danch Wioleta , Loboda Danuta , Wilczek Jacek , Gibinski Michal , Paradowska-Nowakowska Elzbieta , Golba Krzysztof S. , Sarecka-Hujar Beata
Published: December 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that persists even several months after the onset of infection. COVID-19 may also have an impact on arterial stiffness, which is a risk factor for CVD. We aimed to analyze if and to what extent arterial stiffness measured by photoplethysmography differed among COVID-19 convalescents depending on the acute phase severity and time elapsed since disease onset. A total of 225 patients (mean age 58.98 ± 8.57 years, 54.7% women) were analyzed after COVID-19 hospitalization at the Cardiac Rehabilitation Department of the Ustron Health Resort (Poland). In the entire study population, no differences were found in the mean values of stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) depending on the severity of the acute COVID-19 and the time since the onset of the disease. There were no differences in the heart rate (HR) according to the severity of acute COVID-19; the mean HR was higher in patients who had COVID-19 less than 12 weeks before the study than in convalescents more than 24 weeks after the acute disease (p = 0.002). The mean values of SI and RI were higher in men than in women (p < 0.001), while the heart rate (HR) was similar in both sexes (p = 0.286). However, multiple linear regression analyses after adjusting for factors influencing arterial stiffness, i.e., sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, the severity of the acute COVID-19, and the time from the disease onset, confirmed that age, sex, time from disease onset, and diabetes are the most important determinants that could influence arterial stiffness.
Formation Tracking Control for Multi-Agent Systems with Collision Avoidance and Connectivity Maintenance
Authors: Qiao Yitao , Huang Xuxing , Yang Bin , Geng Feilong , Wang Bingheng , Hao Mingrui , Li Shuang
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the formation tracking control of multiple agents with a double-integrator model and presents a novel distributed control framework composed of three items: a potential-based gradient term, a formation term, and a navigation term. Considering the practical situation, each agent is regarded as a rigid-body with a safe radius and a sensing region. To enable collision avoidance and connectivity maintenance among multiple agents, a new potential function with fewer parameters is established. The predetermined formation is also achieved by taking the difference between the actual displacement and the desired displacement as a consensus variable. Lastly, the virtual navigator provides trajectory signals and guides the multiple agent movement. Two instances of an equilateral triangle formation and a hexagonal formation are used in the simulation to verify the proposed method.
On the Quantization of AB Phase in Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Liu Xi , Wang Qing-Hai , Gong Jiangbin
Published: December 2022

Self-intersecting energy band structures in momentum space can be induced by nonlinearity at the mean-field level, with the so-called nonlinear Dirac cones as one intriguing consequence. Using the Qi-Wu-Zhang model plus power law nonlinearity, we systematically study in this paper the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) phase associated with an adiabatic process in the momentum space, with two adiabatic paths circling around one nonlinear Dirac cone. Interestingly, for and only for Kerr nonlinearity, the AB phase experiences a jump of π at the critical nonlinearity at which the Dirac cone appears and disappears (thus yielding π-quantization of the AB phase so long as the nonlinear Dirac cone exists), whereas for all other powers of nonlinearity, the AB phase always changes continuously with the nonlinear strength. Our results may be useful for experimental measurement of power-law nonlinearity and shall motivate further fundamental interest in aspects of geometric phase and adiabatic following in nonlinear systems.
Closing the Policy Gap in the Academic Bridge
Authors: Al Laban Firas , Reger Martin , Lucke Ulrike
Published: December 2022

The highly structured nature of the educational sector demands effective policy mechanisms close to the needs of the field. That is why evidence-based policy making, endorsed by the European Commission under Erasmus+ Key Action 3, aims to make an alignment between the domains of policy and practice. Against this background, this article addresses two issues: First, that there is a vertical gap in the translation of higher-level policies to local strategies and regulations. Second, that there is a horizontal gap between educational domains regarding the policy awareness of individual players. This was analyzed in quantitative and qualitative studies with domain experts from the fields of virtual mobility and teacher training. From our findings, we argue that the combination of both gaps puts the academic bridge from secondary to tertiary education at risk, including the associated knowledge proficiency levels. We discuss the role of digitalization in the academic bridge by asking the question: which value does the involved stakeholders expect from educational policies? As a theoretical basis, we rely on the model of value co-creation for and by stakeholders. We describe the used instruments along with the obtained results and proposed benefits. Moreover, we reflect on the methodology applied, and we finally derive recommendations for future academic bridge policies.
The Effects of Blended Learning on the Performance of Engineering Students in Mathematical Modeling
Authors: López-Reyes Luis Javier , Jiménez-Gutiérrez Auria Lucia , Costilla-López Diana
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the implementation of an active learning methodology known as blended learning in an ordinary differential equations (ODE) course for engineering students. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of b-learning on students’ mathematical modeling performance. To this end, synchronous and asynchronous activities were made available to the students as face-to-face and remote learning sessions, in which the experience acquired by students during the sanitary isolation due to COVID-19 was crucial. Benjamin Bloom’s cognitive domain taxonomy was used to design the present didactic proposal. Results show that the students moved upward from the lower knowledge and understanding taxonomical levels, to the upper analysis and application levels, as they learned systems modeling using ODEs.