bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential of phototherapy to reduce body fat, insulin resistance and “metabolic inflexibility” related to obesity in women undergoing weight loss treatment
Authors: Sene‐Fiorese Marcela , Duarte Fernanda Oliveira , de Aquino Junior Antonio Eduardo , Campos Raquel Munhoz da Silveira , Masquio Deborah Cristina Landi , Tock Lian , de Oliveira Duarte Ana Claudia Garcia , Dâmaso Ana Raimunda , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador
Published: July 2015

Background and Objective

The metabolic flexibility is often impaired in diseases associated with obesity, and many studies are based on the hypothesis that dysfunction in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue represent the etiology of development of metabolic inflexibility. Experimental evidence shows that the use of phototherapy combined with exercise was effective in controlling the lipid profile, reducing the mass of adipose tissue, suggesting increased metabolic activity and changes in lipid metabolism. However, we found few data in the literature involving the use of phototherapy in association to physical training in the obese population. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effects of exercise training (aerobic plus resistance exercises) plus phototherapy (laser, 808 nm) on metabolic profile and adiponectinemia in obese women.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Sixty‐four obese women (BMI 30–40 kg/m2, age between 20 and 40 years old) were randomly assigned in two groups: Exercise Training plus SHAM group (ET‐SHAM, n = 32) and Exercise Training plus Phototherapy group (ET‐PHOTO, n = 32). The treatment consisted in physical exercise intervention and the individual application of phototherapy immediately after the end of the training session. However, in the ET‐SHAM group the device was turned off simulating the phototherapy application (placebo effect). The study protocol lasted for 20 weeks and comprised of three weekly sessions of aerobic plus resistance training and application of phototherapy (when applicable). The body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed (HOMA, adiponectin, insulin, glucose).

Results

Comparing the magnitude of effects between groups (ET‐PHOTO vs. ET‐SHAM), we observed that physical training plus phototherapy was more effective than physical training in reducing the delta of percentage of fat mass (%; −5.60 ± 1.59 vs. −4.33 ± 1.5; P < 0.04); fat mass (kg; −11.26 ± 2.82 vs. −5.80 ± 2.82; P < 0.0002); HOMA‐IR index (−38.08 ± 9.23 vs. −20.91 ± 14.42; P < 0.0001). In addition, we observed an increase in delta (%) of total skeletal muscle mass (kg; 0.60 ± 1.09 vs. −1.38 ± 1.70; P < 0.003), adiponectin concentration (ng/ml; 1.08 (0.04–3.62) vs. −0.42 (−3.15 to 2.26); P < 0.03) in the same comparison.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated for the first time that phototherapy enhances the physical exercise effects in obese women undergoing weight loss treatment promoting significant changes in inflexibility metabolic profile. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:634–642, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioreducible Poly‐l‐Lysine–Poly[HPMA] Block Copolymers Obtained by RAFT‐Polymerization as Efficient Polyplex‐Transfection Reagents
Authors: Tappertzhofen Kristof , Beck Simone , Montermann Evelyn , Huesmann David , Barz Matthias , Koynov Kaloian , Bros Matthias , Zentel Rudolf
Published: July 2015

Polylysine‐b‐p[HPMA] block copolymers containing a redox‐responsive disulfide bond between both blocks are synthesized by RAFT polymerization of pentafluorphenyl‐methacrylate with a macro‐CTA from Nϵ‐benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) protected polylysine (synthesized by NCA polymerization). This polylysine‐b‐p[PFMA] precursor block copolymer is converted to polylysine(Cbz)‐b‐p[HPMA] by postpolymerization modification with 2‐hydroxypropylamine. After removal of the Cbz protecting group, cationic polylysine‐b‐p[HPMA] copolymers with a biosplittable disulfide moiety became available, which can be used as polymeric transfection vectors. These disulfide linked polylysine‐S‐S‐b‐p[HPMA] block copolymers show low cytotoxicity and increased transfection efficiencies (HEK‐293T cells) compared to analogous blockcopolymers without disulfide group making them interesting for the transfection of sensitive immune cells.
Effect of daily intake of pomegranate juice on fecal microbiota and feces metabolites from healthy volunteers
Authors: Mosele Juana I. , Gosalbes María‐José , Macià Alba , Rubió Laura , Vázquez‐Castellanos Jorge F. , Jiménez Hernández Nuria , Moya Andrés , Latorre Amparo , Motilva María‐José
Published: July 2015

Scope

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect, regarding the metabolic and microbial profile of feces, of diet supplementation of healthy adults with pomegranate juice (PJ).

Methods and results

Twelve healthy adults were recruited to the study, which consisted of the intake of 200 mL/day of PJ during 4 weeks. Feces were collected before and after the supplementation with PJ. Metabolites (phenolic catabolites, short‐chain fatty acids, and fecal steroids) and microbial profile were analyzed at baseline and at 4 weeks. Fecal phenolic metabolites, 3‐phenylpropionic acid, catechol, hydroxytyrosol, and urolithin A, showed a significant increase in their concentration after supplementation with PJ. Among fecal steroids, parallel to the significant increase of cholesterol concentration, a significant decrease of coprostanol was observed. Although no significant changes in the microbiota profile were observed, different relationships between initial microbiota and the metabolites produced were found. Catechol showed positive and negative correlation with Oscillospora and Paraprevotella genera, respectively, and 3‐phenylpropionic acid was positively correlated with Odoribacter genus.

Conclusion

Inclusion of PJ in the diet did not significantly alter the gut microbiota composition in healthy adults, but the individual bacterial composition could contribute to the generation of potential health‐promoting phenolic metabolites.
Optimal distribution of RF receiver multistandard specification based on multiobjective optimization
Authors: Ndungidi Papy , García‐Vázquez Hugo , Dualibe Carlos , Del Pino Javier , Valderrama Carlos
Published: July 2015

This article presents a refinement methodology for the global specification of RF receivers producing a detailed optimal specification of architectural components based on a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. To demonstrate the reliability of our methodology, our approach has been applied to both the IEEE 802.15.4 and DVB‐SH standards for optimizing system constraints such as noise figure (NF) and total third order distortion. This article presents the generation of optimal and feasible solutions as a positive feature of the applied nonlinear multiobjective optimization procedure. Moreover, an algorithm is also proposed to obtain, from one NF of the possible solutions, the feasible design parameters of an inductive source degenerated cascode low noise amplifier (LNA) loaded with a tunable LC tank. By using the values generated by the proposed algorithm, this tunable LNA meets the requirements of both aforementioned standards. An LNA demonstrator was prototyped on a 150‐nm CMOS technology. The actual LNA parameters (NF, gain, and IIP3) can then be back‐annotated onto the top hierarchical instance to produce a last refinement to its remaining components, demonstrating how existing components can be reused using this design approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2262–2269, 2015
Compact filtering power divider with improved out‐of‐band performance
Authors: Wei Feng , Ding Chen , Li Jiao , Wang Xin Huai , Shi Xiao Wei
Published: July 2015

A compact equal power divider (PD) with filtering function and improved out‐of‐band performance is proposed in this article. The proposed PD is based on the conventional Wilkinson PD and two filtering cells. The filtering cell is composed of four λ/4 stepped‐impedance resonators (SIRs). Using the edge and quasi‐lumped coupling topology, a compact PD with improving passband selectivity can be achieved. Meanwhile, by appropriately adjusting the impedance and electric length ratios of SIRs, the stopband can be extended to 39.2 GHz with a rejection level of 20 dB, which is 25 times of the fundamental frequency. The predicted results on S‐parameters are compared with the measured ones and good agreement is achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2274–2277, 2015
A dual‐band amplifier with flexible frequency ratios
Authors: Chen Te‐Chuan , Hua Wei , Gbele Kokou , Zhang Hualiang , Xin Hao
Published: July 2015

This article presents a dual‐band amplifier with flexible frequency ratios. The amplifier features novel Wilkinson power divider/combiner with dual‐band property that allows large frequency ratio (2.16–4.9) between its first and second operating bands. The measured combining efficiency on a stand‐alone combiner is 97% at 2.25 GHz and 75% at 5.25 GHz. A 2.25/5.5 GHz prototype amplifier is tested to verify dual‐band functionality. Measured linear gains are 12.85 dB and 12.07 dB at the first and second frequency bands, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2242–2247, 2015
Dielectric characterization of thin films using microstrip ring resonators
Authors: Eng David L. K. , Olbricht Benjamin C. , Shi Shouyuan , Prather Dennis W.
Published: July 2015

This article presents a microstrip ring resonator technique for characterizing thin film substrates up to 110 GHz. A coupling structure was designed to efficiently couple energy into rings despite the tight microstrip‐substrate confinement. Various ring sizes are designed and fabricated, and both dielectric constant and loss tangent results are presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2306–2310, 2015
Design and implementation of a Q‐band millimeter wave planar lens antenna
Authors: Yu Shunhua , Hong Wei , Zhang Yan , Jiang Mei
Published: July 2015

A Q‐band planar lens with four substrates separated by air gaps is investigated. The efficiency, gain, and back lobe level are improved by shifting the sizes of the cells with dual square slot loops on different substrates. Besides, the compensated phase of each compound cell which consists of the corresponding square slot loop cells distributed in the four substrates is calculated using an equivalent phase other than the phase at the center of the cell. Three hundred and sixty degree compensated phase can be achieved by changing the sizes of the outer and inner slot loops of the cell. The side length of the lens is 144 mm or 20 wavelengths. The air gap between the substrates is 2 mm. The number of cells is 2025 or 45 by 45. The lens is fed by a linear polarized horn antenna with a gain of 15 dBi approximately. The measured peak gain is more than 33 dBi at 44 GHz, and the half power beam width of E‐plane and H‐plane are about 2.9°. The lens could cover from 43 to 47 GHz or more than 9% bandwidth. The side lobe level is under −20 dB, and the measured front‐back‐ratio is better than 20 dB. The measured data are in agreement with the simulated results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2322–2330, 2015
A new doubly helical antenna
Authors: Ghoreishian Idine , Safaai‐Jazi Ahmad
Published: July 2015

A new wideband antenna made of a helical wire wrapped around a larger helix is introduced. This antenna thus has a doubly helical structure with two pitch angles and two radii. Compared to a conventional helix with comparable radiation properties, the doubly helical antenna occupies about 50% less volume. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2351–2355, 2015
An optoelectronic oscillator‐based strain sensor with extended measurement range
Authors: Zhu Yanhong , Zhou Jinhai , Jin Xiaofeng , Chi Hao , Zhang Xiamin , Zheng Shilie
Published: July 2015

An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO)‐based strain sensor with extended measurement range is proposed and demonstrated. The OEO is embedded with an electrical phase shifter (EPS) to cancel out the strain‐induced phase shift real‐timely via a phase‐locked loop scheme. Theoretically, the control voltage of the EPS is linear to the strain applied on the sensing fiber, leading to a simple and straightforward frequency demodulation. Thanks to the real‐time close‐loop interrogation, the mode‐hopping‐free frequency shift range can exceed one free spectrum range, thus, the measurement range of the sensor is extended. The obtained strain measurement range is up to 2762 με. The achieved strain resolution is 0.86 με. The root‐mean‐square deviation of more than 2‐h test for a fixed strain is 1.1 με. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2336–2339, 2015
Efficiency enhanced CMOS digitally controlled dynamic bias switching power amplifier for LTE
Authors: Kim Hyungchul , Bae Jongsuk , Ham Junghyun , Gu Jehyeon , Seo Mincheol , Hwang Keum Cheol , Lee Kang‐Yoon , Park Cheon‐Seok , Yang Youngoo
Published: July 2015

This article presents an efficiency enhanced CMOS power amplifier using a digitally controlled dynamic bias switching method. It is composed of a dynamic bias switching circuit and a power amplifier circuit. The control signal for bias switching operation is generated by the digital signal processing unit according to the amplitude of the envelope signal. Then, the dynamic bias switching circuit offers two different supply voltages to the drain of the power amplifier. The low supply voltage is generated by a DC–DC converter within the dynamic bias switching circuit, while the high voltage can be directly supplied by the battery. The threshold voltage for the envelope signal and the low supply voltage level were analytically optimized for maximum efficiency enhancement using the envelope statistics of the LTE signal. The gain difference between low and high bias voltage conditions was compensated for better linearity of the power amplifier. The proposed dynamic bias and power amplifier IC's were designed and fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS process. The fabricated CMOS power amplifier IC using the dynamic bias switching method was evaluated using a 64 QAM LTE up‐link signal which has a center frequency of 1.75 GHz, a signal bandwidth of 5 MHz, and a peak‐to‐average power ratio of 7.76 dB. It exhibited a power‐added efficiency of 39.3% and an error vector magnitude of 4.6% at an average output power of 22 dBm, while the stand‐alone CMOS power amplifier has an efficiency of 34.5%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2315–2321, 2015
A high‐isolation dual‐polarization dielectric resonator antenna with bowtie‐shaped slot coupling
Authors: Guo Min , Xuan Xiao‐Bo , Wang Min , Cui Jun Wen , Zhong Shun‐Shi
Published: July 2015

A new design of dual‐polarized dielectric resonator antenna with high isolation over a wide bandwidth is introduced, which is fed using the bowtie‐shaped slot coupling. Four identical bowtie slots are arranged symmetrically in an unconnected cross configuration in the center. The isolation between two orthogonal polarizations of the proposed antenna is greatly improved over the conventional cross slot. The proposed antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured. Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a port isolation of about 40 dB over the impendence bandwidth (|S11| ≤ 10 db) of 28–30%.Moreover, stable radiation patterns and a peak gain of 5.0–6.4 dBi are achieved within the operating band. Its good polarization purity and broadside radiation patterns are confirmed also. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2426–2429, 2015
A discussion on electrically small antenna property
Authors: Patel Riki H , Desai Arpan , Upadhyaya Trushit
Published: July 2015

The demand of compact antenna is ever increasing as the inception of wireless communication devices. In the age of wireless communication, requirement of miniaturized antennas is quite high. It is quite often that antenna dimensions are decided based on application‐based requirement compared with practical antenna constraints. The trade‐off in efficiency and other antenna parameters against to antenna size is always a debatable issue. The article presents detailed review of fundamentals of electrically small antennas (ESAs) and its potential applications. In addition, constraints and challenges of ESAs are also presented in the article. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2386–2388, 2015
Balanced UWB BPF with wideband common‐mode suppression
Authors: Lee Ching‐Her , Hsu Chung‐I G. , Yu Hong‐Siang
Published: July 2015

In this letter, a new balanced ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed and designed using a slotline resonator (SLR) with radial end‐sections for better wideband response. The SLR is fed by microstrip lines, and the whole BPF circuit is deployed symmetrically across the plane of symmetry to provide balanced operation. When the BPF is excited differentially, the SLR half circuit behaves as a similar resonator of half width, and by locating its first three resonant modes in the passband, the desired UWB response can be achieved. Conversely, while the BPF is in common‐mode (CM) operation, the symmetry plane is virtually open‐circuited, and the SLR is incomplete in structure, rendering CM signal suppression very effective. In this design, bandstop filters are embedded in the feeding lines to increase the upper stopband bandwidth. The achieved performances for this proposed balanced UWB BPF are a 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 114% and a minimum measured (simulated) in‐band insertion loss of 1.17 (0.92) dB for differential‐mode operation and very good CM rejection with an insertion loss of larger than 25 dB over 1–20 GHz frequency range. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2461–2464, 2015
Design and preliminary experiments of a precision microwave tomography system
Authors: Kim Jang‐Yeol , Lee Kwang‐Jae , Son Seong‐Ho , Lee Jong‐Moon , Kim Hyuk‐Je , Kim Bo‐Ra , Simonov Nikolai , Jeon Soon‐Ik , Kim Nam
Published: July 2015

This article presents the image reconstruction results of measurement data from a preliminary test using the first‐developed precision microwave tomography (MT) system operating at 3–6 GHz for medical diagnosis. A simple phantom is used in the MT system to verify the data validation. The measurement dataset has very different patterns owing to the significant contrast of dielectric properties according to the existence of a phantom in the sensing area of the illumination tank at microwave frequencies. Thus, it is possible to obtain the image reconstruction from this measurement data. The detailed results are presented and discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2445–2448, 2015
Open rectangular ring slot loaded rectangular microstrip antenna for dual frequency operation
Authors: Kale Ganesh M. , Labade Rekha P. , Pawase Ramesh S.
Published: July 2015

The dual frequency rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) using slot has been brought in this article. By embedding narrow open rectangular ring slot close to the boundary of rectangular patch of single layer and single feed, dual frequency operation can be easily obtained. The slot provides reactive loading around the resonance frequency of rectangular patch at a consequence dual frequency operation has been obtained. The proposed design exhibits two contiguous resonant modes with similar polarization and radiation characteristics. This performance of the antenna makes size reduction compared with simple RMSA without slot. These two resonant modes are excited at frequencies near the fundamental resonant mode of RMSA without slot. By controlling the width and gap spacing of narrow open rectangular ring slot antenna, the frequency ratio is tuned in the range 1.28–1.42. The input impedance, return loss, and radiation characteristics of the antenna are analyzed using HFSS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2448–2452, 2015
Development of 6–12 GHz evanescent–mode two–pole low–loss tunable bandpass filter
Authors: Cho Young Seek , Joshi Himanshu , Liu Xiaoguang , Sigmarsson Hjalti H. , Chappell William J. , Peroulis Dimitrios
Published: July 2015

A very low‐loss tunable evanescent‐mode cavity bandpass filter (BPF) with one‐octave (6–12 GHz) tuning range is presented. To implement a very low‐insertion loss with wideband operation, a new coaxial‐feed structure is devised in the tunable BPF. Across the entire tuning range, the achieved insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB. The 3‐dB fractional bandwidth varies from 6.1% at 6 GHz to 12% at 12 GHz. The tenability is realized using silicon microelectromechanical systems diaphragms with slits that are electrostatically actuated. Direct comparison between a solid diaphragm and the proposed stress‐reduced diaphragm with slits is presented. The bulk of the filter is realized using physical machining of a tall printed circuit board. This article shows the upper frequency limit that is feasible using milling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2418–2422, 2015
Reconfigurable circularly polarized microstrip antenna based on dual‐embedded dual slotted ring perturbation
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hyo , Yang Hyung‐Mo , Pyo Seongmin
Published: July 2015

This article describes a new reconfigurable circularly polarized microstrip antenna using a dual‐embedded dual slotted ring perturbation. The proposed antenna consists of three single slotted rings at each corner in the ground plane and one dual slotted ring with two PIN at the residual corner where the large‐sized ring in the front patch side and the small‐sized ring in back ground side. The dual slotted ring perturbation can generate and alternate circularly polarized waves by changing the effective size of the dual slotted ring. To investigate the effect of the dual slotted ring, the dominant slotted ring at the patch side is analyzed and implemented. The measured results of the proposed antenna show a good agreement with the simulation and demonstrates circularly polarized radiations and their reconfigurable capabilities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2422–2425, 2015
Expression and regulation of androgen receptor in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy and decidualization
Authors: Xu Jingjie , Li Mo , Zhang Lu , Xiong Hao , Lai Lidan , Guo Meijun , Zong Teng , Zhang Dalei , Yang Bei , Wu Lei , Tang Min , Kuang Haibin
Published: July 2015

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor that is important for both the male and female reproductive systems. The expression and regulation of AR in the uterine endometrium during early pregnancy and decidualization remain relatively under‐investigated, so we sought to immunohistochemically examine the spatiotemporal expression of AR in mouse uteri during the peri‐implantation period as well as in response to specific steroid hormones. AR protein was found in the nuclei of uterine stromal cells starting on pregnancy Days 1 and 2, with its abundance increasing on Days 3 and 4. From pregnancy Days 5 to 9, however, the expression of AR markedly declined in stromal zones of uteri. No signal was detected in the decidualized cells surrounding the site of embryo implantation; moreover, no AR immunostaining was observed in decidualized uterine cells in an artificial oil‐induced model of decidualization. Progesterone significantly inhibited AR protein expression, whereas estrogen dramatically elevated AR abundance in the stroma of ovariectomized mouse uteri. Taken together, our results are the first to demonstrate that decidualization and progesterone significantly inhibited the AR protein expression in vivo, whereas estrogen increased AR protein levels in the stromal cells of mouse uteri. These responses might be advantageous for the proliferation and differentiation of uterine stroma and for embryo implantation during early pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 898–906, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atlas‐based estimation of lung and lobar anatomy in proton MRI
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Qing Kun , Wang Chengbo , Altes Talissa A. , Mugler John P.
Published: July 2015

Purpose

To propose an accurate methodological framework for automatically segmenting pulmonary proton MRI based on an optimal consensus of a spatially normalized library of annotated lung atlases.

Methods

A library of 62 manually annotated lung atlases comprising 48 mixed healthy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthmatic subjects of a large age range with multiple ventilation levels is used to produce an optimal segmentation in proton MRI, based on a consensus of the spatially normalized library. An extension of this methodology is used to provide best‐guess estimates of lobar subdivisions in proton MRI from annotated computed tomography data.

Results

A leave‐one‐out evaluation strategy was used for evaluation. Jaccard overlap measures for the left and right lungs were used for performance comparisons relative to the current state‐of‐the‐art (0.966 ± 0.018 and 0.970 ± 0.016, respectively). Best‐guess estimates for the lobes exhibited comparable performance levels (left upper: 0.882 ± 0.059, left lower: 0.868 ± 0.06, right upper: 0.852 ± 0.067, right middle: 0.657 ± 0.130, right lower: 0.873 ± 0.063).

Conclusion

An annotated atlas library approach can be used to provide good lung and lobe estimation in proton MRI. The proposed framework is useful for subsequent anatomically based analysis of structural and/or functional pulmonary image data. Magn Reson Med 76:315–320, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiscale computational method for nonstationary integrated heat transfer problem in periodic porous materials
Authors: Yang Zhiqiang , Cui Junzhi , Wang Ziqiang , Zhang Yang
Published: July 2015

This article discusses multiscale analysis and numerical algorithm for the nonstationary integrated heat transfer problem with rapidly oscillating coefficients. The multiscale asymptotic expansion of the solution for this kind of problems is presented first. Then, error estimates of the multiscale approximate solution are derived, and a numerical algorithm based on the multiscale method for temperature field is introduced. Finally, using some numerical models, we verify the validity and relevancy of the proposed algorithm. The numerical results show that the algorithm is effective to predict the heat transfer performance of porous materials, and support the convergence theorem reported in this article. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 510–530, 2016
A Structurally‐Tunable 3‐Hydroxyflavone Motif for Visible Light‐Induced Carbon Monoxide‐Releasing Molecules (CORMs)
Authors: Anderson Stacey N. , Richards Jason M. , Esquer Hector J. , Benninghoff Abby D. , Arif Atta M. , Berreau Lisa M.
Published: July 2015

Molecules that can be used to deliver a controlled amount of carbon monoxide (CO) have the potential to facilitate investigations into the roles of this gaseous molecule in biology and advance therapeutic treatments. This has led to the development of light‐induced CO‐releasing molecules (photoCORMs). A goal in this field of research is the development of molecules that exhibit a combination of controlled CO release, favorable biological properties (e.g., low toxicity and trackability in cells), and structural tunability to affect CO release. Herein, we report a new biologically‐inspired organic photoCORM motif that exhibits several features that are desirable in a next‐generation photoCORM. We show that 3‐hydroxyflavone‐based compounds are easily synthesized and modified to impart changes in absorption features and quantum yield for CO release, exhibit low toxicity, are trackable in cells, and can exhibit both O2‐dependent and ‐independent CO release reactivity.
Train driving and diabetes – keeping safety on track
Authors: Grant Paul , Phoolchund Harry
Published: July 2015

Despite disability legislation, some people with diabetes (particularly those taking insulin) still experience discrimination in the work that they are allowed to perform.

Some occupations have strict medical standards that people with diabetes may not be able to meet. These usually apply where a job is unusually risky, e.g. because it involves operating heavy machinery or vehicles, with a risk of harm to the employee or others in case of sudden incapacity. People with diabetes have successfully challenged employers who sought to exclude them from jobs simply because they were ‘diabetic’, rather than assessing them as individuals.

We look at the phenomenon of diabetes control related to train driving and the criteria that should be achieved to ensure safety for both the individual and their passengers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetes education: a global perspective
Authors: Chaney David
Published: July 2015

Diabetes education has been acknowledged as the cornerstone of good diabetes care and management. Although evidence to support the need for diabetes education has grown in recent years, many people with diabetes remain unable to access or choose not to attend diabetes education for a variety of reasons. In order to improve the likelihood of success, diabetes education needs to be adequately resourced and tailored to meet the needs of specific populations. This paper seeks to offer a global perspective on the current status of diabetes education. Insight is provided into recent evidence suggesting poor integration of diabetes education across the globe. Finally, issues such as the need to tailor education and increase international collaboration are addressed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Can laboratory based research regarding type 1 diabetes and exercise be applied into the real‐life environment?
Authors: Charlton Jacqui , Kilbride Lynn , MacLean Rory , Darlison Mark G , McKnight John
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether results from laboratory based research examining glycaemic control during and after exercise can be applied to a real‐life (non‐laboratory) environment.

A comparative study of individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 9) using basal bolus analogue insulin regimens was undertaken. Glycaemic control before and after two 40‐minute runs at 70% VO2 max, in both laboratory and real‐life environments, was measured across 10 time‐points during and up to 12 hours after exercise. Insulin was adjusted in all participants following a self‐management algorithm.

Pooled mean glucose concentrations at each time‐point were compared. There was no statistically significant difference (F[1, 8] = 1.489, p = 0.257) in overall mean glucose concentrations between environments. Similarly, the exercise environment or time‐point of measurement had no statistically significant effect on mean glucose concentration (F[9, 72] = 0.499, p = 0.871). However, during exercise, episodes of both hypoglycaemia (<4.0 mmol/L) and hyperglycaemia (>9.0 mmol/L) were more frequent in the laboratory environment than in the real‐life environment: 5 vs 1 and 25 vs 19 episodes, respectively; the frequency of acceptable concentrations (4.0–9.0 mmol/L) was greater in the real‐life environment (24 vs 34). In the 8–12 hours after exercise, hypoglycaemia occurred more frequently in the real‐life environment (3 vs 8) with hyperglycaemia occurring more frequently in the laboratory environment (22 vs 14); again, there were slightly increased acceptable concentrations in the real‐life environment (29 vs 33).

The exercise environment does not appear to affect overall mean blood glucose concentrations. However, it may affect the timing and frequency of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
The properties of blends of maleic‐anhydride‐grafted polyethylene and thermoplastic starch using hyperbranched polyester polyol as a plasticizer
Authors: Guzmán Manuel , Murillo Edwin A.
Published: July 2015

The first aim of this study was to prepare thermoplastic starch (TPS), namely blends of tapioca starch and hyperbranched polyester polyol and to evaluate the hyperbranched polyester polyol (HBP) as a plasticizing agent for tapioca starch. The second aim was to prepare blends of maleic‐anhydride‐grafted low‐density polyethylene (LDPE‐g‐MA) and TPS, and to evaluate the effect of the mass ratio LDPE‐g‐MA/TPS on the structural, thermal, rheological, morphological, and mechanical properties of the blends. The melting and crystallization temperatures of the LDPE‐g‐MA/TPS blends did not correlate well with the ratio of LDPE‐g‐MA/TPS. The blends exhibited a reduction in the A‐type crystallinity and a pseudoplastic rheological behavior. V‐type crystallinity was not observed for neither TPS nor LDPE‐g‐MA/TPS blends. Scanning electronic microscophy provided an evidence for the presence of starch granules in all the blends and for low interaction degree between LDPE‐g‐MA and TPS. Young's modulus and tensile strength of the LDPE‐g‐MA/TPS blends decreased with the decreasing LDPE‐g‐MA/TPS ratio. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2526–2533, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Metaproteomics of aquatic microbial communities in a deep and stratified estuary
Authors: Colatriano David , Ramachandran Arthi , Yergeau Etienne , Maranger Roxane , Gélinas Yves , Walsh David A.
Published: July 2015

Here we harnessed the power of metaproteomics to assess the metabolic diversity and function of stratified aquatic microbial communities in the deep and expansive Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, located in eastern Canada. Vertical profiling of the microbial communities through the stratified water column revealed differences in metabolic lifestyles and in carbon and nitrogen processing pathways. In productive surface waters, we identified heterotrophic populations involved in the processing of high and low molecular weight organic matter from both terrestrial (e.g. cellulose and xylose) and marine (e.g. organic compatible osmolytes) sources. In the less productive deep waters, chemosynthetic production coupled to nitrification by MG‐I Thaumarchaeota and Nitrospina appeared to be a dominant metabolic strategy. Similar to other studies of the coastal ocean, we identified methanol oxidation proteins originating from the common OM43 marine clade. However, we also identified a novel lineage of methanol‐oxidizers specifically in the particle‐rich bottom (i.e. nepheloid) layer. Membrane transport proteins assigned to the uncultivated MG‐II Euryarchaeota were also specifically detected in the nepheloid layer. In total, these results revealed strong vertical structure of microbial taxa and metabolic activities, as well as the presence of specific “nepheloid” taxa that may contribute significantly to coastal ocean nutrient cycling.
Properly reading the histone code by MS‐based proteomics
Authors: Sidoli Simone , Garcia Benjamin A.
Published: July 2015

Histone proteins are essential elements for DNA packaging. Their PTMs contribute in modeling chromatin structure and recruiting enzymes involved in gene regulation, DNA repair, and chromosome condensation. This fundamental aspect, together with the fact that histone PTMs can be epigenetically inherited through cell generations, enlightens their importance in chromatin biology, and the consequent necessity of having biochemical techniques for their characterization. Nanoflow LC coupled to MS (nanoLC‐MS) is the strategy of choice for protein PTM accurate quantification. However, histones require adjustments to the digestion protocol such as lysine derivatization to obtain suitable peptides for the analysis. nanoLC‐MS has numerous advantages, spanning from high confidence identification to possibility of high throughput analyses, but the peculiarity of the histone preparation protocol requires continuous monitoring with the most modern available technologies to question its reliability. The work of Meert et al. (Proteomics 2015, 15, 2966–2971) establishes which protocols lead to either incomplete derivatization or derivatization of undesired amino acid residues using a combination of high resolution MS and bioinformatics tools for the alignment and the characterization of nanoLC‐MS runs. As well, they identify a number of side reactions that could be potentially misinterpreted as biological PTMs.
Free radical polymerization of caffeine‐containing methacrylate monomers
Authors: Nelson Ashley M. , Hemp Sean T. , Chau Jessica , Long Timothy E.
Published: July 2015

The incorporation of acrylic functionality into caffeine enables the preparation of a vast array of novel thermoplastics and thermosets. A two‐step derivatization provided a novel caffeine‐containing methacrylate monomer capable of free radical polymerization. Copolymers of 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate and caffeine methacrylate (CMA) allowed for a systematic study of the effect of covalently bound caffeine on polymer properties. 1H NMR and UV‐vis spectroscopy confirmed caffeine incorporation at 5 and 13 mol %, and SEC revealed the formation of high molecular weight (co)polymers (>40,000 g/mol). CMA incorporation resulted in a multistep degradation profile with initial mass loss closely correlating to caffeine content. Differential scanning calorimetry, rheological, and thermomechanical analysis demonstrated that relatively low levels of CMA increased the glass transition temperature, resulting in higher moduli and elucidating the benefits of incorporating caffeine into polymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2829–2837
High refractive index materials: A structural property comparison of sulfide‐ and sulfoxide‐containing polyamides
Authors: Javadi Ali , Abouzari‐Lotf Ebrahim , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram , Zakeri Masoumeh , Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud , Ahmad Arshad , Ripin Adnan
Published: July 2015

High‐refractive‐index polyamides (PAs) are developed by incorporation of sulfide‐ or sulfoxide linkages and chlorine substituents. The PAs are synthesized through the polycondensation of two novel diamine monomers, 2,2′‐sulfide‐bis(4‐chloro‐1‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl ether (3a) and 2,2′‐sulfoxide‐bis(4‐chloro‐1‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl ether (3b), with various aromatic diacids (a–e). The ortho‐sulfide or sulfoxide units, pendant chlorine groups, and flexible ether linkages in the diamine monomers endowed the obtained PAs with excellent solubilities in organic solvents. The resulting PAs showed high thermal stability, with 10% weight loss temperatures exceeding 415 °C under nitrogen and 399 °C in air atmosphere. The combination of chlorine substituents, sulfide or sulfoxide linkages, and ortho‐catenated structures provided polymers with high transparency along with high refractive index values of up to 1.7401 at 632.8 nm and low birefringences (<0.0075). The structure–property relationships of the analogous PAs containing sulfide or sulfoxide linkages were also studied in detail by comparing the results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2867–2877
Fabric‐hydrogel composite membranes for culturing microalgae in semipermeable membrane‐based photobioreactors
Authors: Lee Seung‐Yong , Kim Z‐Hun , Oh Hwa Yeon , Choi Younghoon , Park Hanwool , Jung Daewoo , Kim Jong‐Min , Na Yang Ho , Lim Sang‐Min , Lee Choul‐Gyun , Lee Jin‐Kyun
Published: July 2015

In this article, we demonstrate that hydrogel‐based composite membranes are used as semipermeable materials for the construction of photobioreactors (PBRs). PBRs are developed to culture microalgae using nutrients dissolved in seawater, and thus they need to be fabricated with membranes possessing sufficient material‐transport properties. While hydrogels are characterized by their highly swelling nature in water and therefore have desirable transport of dissolved matter, they lack the mechanical strength to be cast into thin structures of large surface area. This issue motivated us to design a new concept, i.e., fabric‐hydrogel composite membranes (FHCMs). A cotton fabric inside the hydrogel matrix endows the composite with tensile strength, which enables casting of FHCMs into thin membranes. Several FHCMs were prepared with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), cross‐linking poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and a sheet of gauze by controlling the composition of the monomers and water. In the permeability measurement of nitrate ions, a key ingredient for the growth of microalgae, the permeability coefficient reached as high as 1.2 x 10−8 m2 min−1, which is roughly three times higher than that of a commercially available semipermeable membrane (3.3 x 10−9 m2 min−1). In the following evaluation of microalgal culture, a PBR constructed with a FHCM was able to maintain sufficient
ion concentration and pH of the culture broth, supporting microalgal growth. These results suggest that the composite membranes with hydrogel and fabric have potential in the application of microalgal culture for bio‐diesel production in a marine environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 108–114
Influence of Drift Velocity and Distance Between Jet Particles on the Penetration Depth of Shaped Charges
Authors: Xiao Qiang‐Qiang , Huang Zheng‐Xiang , Zu Xu‐Dong , Jia Xin
Published: July 2015

The penetration depth of shaped charge jet into target is strongly affected by the stand‐off. The penetration process terminates even when the jet velocity is still high, and the penetration capability of jet particles degrades after jet breakup at a large stand‐off. This work presents an analytical model to describe the radial drift velocity and distance between jet particles, which leads to decreased penetration depth. The results show that jet particles with low drift velocity impact the crater wall easily. Furthermore, the jet particles cannot reach the crater bottom to increase depth because the crater diameter generated by the jet is quite small. Moreover, the distances between jet particles also play an important role in penetration depth under the influences of strain hardening of target, as well as tumbling and dispersion of jet particles. The radial drift velocity and distance between jet particles are investigated by applying the model to non‐precision charge and precision charge penetrations into target at different stand‐offs. The cutoff jet velocity and cutoff penetration velocity also are determined based on the analytical model. With increased stand‐off, the cutoff jet velocity increases, and the cutoff penetration velocity is almost constant. This result is proven by a number of experiments. The stand‐off curves of two charges are also calculated, and results are in good agreement with experiments. The stand‐off curve can be determined with only two or three experiments using the proposed method. Notably, jet particles should have a slow drift velocity and great penetration capability after breakup for suitable shaped charge.
Structural, nonlinear optical, and vibration properties of the C40H10 buckybowl modified with nitrogen atoms
Authors: Li Weiqi , Zhou Xin , Wang Qiang , Xiong Zhuang , Tian Wei Quan
Published: July 2015

Possible isomers of buckybowl with various N contents (5–15%) were systematically searched with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. N doped buckybowls are predicted to be more stable than the well‐known C48N12 azafullerene. The N‐doping pattern in buckybowl presents different character from that of fullerenes. Vibrational properties of the heterobuckybowls vary with the relative positions of substituted atoms in buckybowl. The modified electronic properties of buckybowl by N doping lead to enhancement of the second hyperpolarizabilities, which implies that heterobuckybowls could be potential nonlinear optical materials and possible building blocks for molecular electronics and photonic devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum chemistry of organocuprates as intermediates of catalytic and photochemical reactions
Authors: Golubeva Elena N. , Gromov Oleg I. , Zhidomirov Georgy M. , Zubanova Ekaterina M.
Published: July 2015

Organocuprates (II) and (III) are intermediates of catalytic and photochemical reactions; nevertheless, in many cases their structure and reaction ability are unclear. Quantum‐chemical calculations performed within the framework of density functional theory allowed to confirm some experimental evidences of existence of such organometallic compounds. In this article, composition and geometry of organocopper transients were estimated via comparing of experimental and calculated energies of electronic transitions and g‐tensors. The formation of σ‐bond CuC(sp3) in adducts of Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes with alkyl‐type radicals was corroborated by Natural Bonding Orbital analysis. The nuclearity of Cu(II) chloride complexes influences the mechanism of their interaction with alkyl radicals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P‐87: Applying Low Temperature Thin Film Encapsulation to 6‐inch IGZO Flexible AMOLED
Authors: Lai Ming‐Hsiang , Liu Sheng‐Fa , Huang Ching‐Yu , Chiou Ji‐Yi , Chiu Yi‐Wen , Liu Yen‐Wei , Niu Yi‐Fan
Published: July 2015

Applying a high performance thin‐film barrier to OLED products conventionally needs high temperature process, but OLED devices would be damaged by heat. In this paper, we apply a low temperature encapsulation process to 6‐inch VGA IGZO AMOLED display, and get through the 60°C/90% RH over 500 hrs environment test, and WVTR is about 10‐5 g/m2·day.
P‐88: Enhancement of Electro‐Optic Properties of Optically Isotropic Liquid Crystal Device for Flexible Display
Authors: Shin Eun Jeong , Noh Seong Cheol , Kim Tae Hyung , Kim Jee Hun , Nayek Prasenjit , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Kim Min Su , Chien Liang‐Chy , Lee Joun Ho , Kim Byeong Koo , Lee Seung Hee
Published: July 2015

Polymer dispersed nano‐sized liquid crystal (LC) composite which is an optically isotropic liquid crystal (OILC) has been investigated looking for its application to flexible liquid crystal displays (LCDs). In the device, nematic LC droplets with its diameter of 242nm are dispersed in polymer matrix so that the LCD has many advantages such as free touch mura, high contrast ratio, rubbing free, wide viewing angle and its phase stability with least hysteresis. However, it needs to overcome high operating voltage and low transmittance. Optimization of LC mixture and controlling ratio of LC and Polymer in the mixture to overcome such barriers are required.
P‐167L: Late‐News Poster: Enhanced Stability, Hysteresis, and Dark State of Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase III
Authors: Kim Min Su , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: July 2015

A polymer‐stabilized blue phase (PSBP) III mode device has demonstrated a wide temperature range (> 80 K) of BP III, enhanced dark state level, and hysteresis‐free. At zero electric field, PSBP III exhibits excellent dark state because of no selective Bragg reflection. The strong interactions between the amorphous BP III structure and polymer network, i.e., random morphology of PSBP III implies no preferential orientation or periodicity, enable PSBP III mode device with superior electro‐optical performance and high resistance to aging as well as fast switching.
P‐50: Integrated Gate Drive Circuit Employing IGZO TFTs for AMOLED Compensative Pixel Driving
Authors: Cao Kun , Li Quanhu , Song Chen , Zhang Baoxia , Li Yongqian , Meng Song , Yin Jingwen , Gai Cuili , Wang Longyan , Wang Yu , Xie Hongjun , Wu Zhongyuan , Wang Gang
Published: July 2015

In order to compensate the threshold voltage variation while obtaining the sufficient data charging time, the AMOLED compensative pixel circuit needs to be driven by multi‐pulse signals which have continuous high/low level pulses. By using traditional gate driver on array (GOA) with half duty‐cycle delay of clock signals, the area of shift register is doubled, increasing the bezel width and power consumptions. In this paper, novel compact integrated gate driver circuit architectures for AMOLED pixel compensation purpose are presented. Outputs with programmable pulse width and number are achieved in these gate driving circuits without consuming extra large areas. Inner feedback technique is adopted in GOA circuit for leakage current cutting of depletion mode IGZO TFTs. The simulation result shows that these circuits work successfully with maximum ±3V threshold voltage shift. These GOA circuits can be used for internal or external Vth compensation techniques of AMOLED panel.