bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning method for energy reduction by utilizing dynamic mixed precision on GPU‐based supercomputers
Authors: Rojek Krzysztof
Published: April 2018

In this work, we propose a method that allows us to reduce energy consumption of an application executed on supercomputing centers. The proposed method is based on a mixed precision arithmetic where the precision of data is calibrated at runtime. For this reason, we develop a modified version of the random forest algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated with a real‐life scientific application called MPDATA, which is part of the numerical model used in weather forecasting. The energy efficiency of the proposed method is examined using two GPU‐based clusters. The first of them is the Piz Daint supercomputer, currently ranked 3rd at the TOP500 list (November 2017). It is equipped with NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPU accelerators based on the Pascal architecture. The second is the MICLAB cluster containing NVIDIA Tesla K80 based on the Kepler architecture. The achieved results show that the proposed machine learning method allows us to provide the accuracy of computation comparable with that achieved double precision and reduce the energy consumption up to 36% compared to the double precision version of MPDATA.
Solution Growth of Silicon Carbide Using the Vertical Bridgman Method
Authors: Fahlbusch Lars , Wellmann Peter J.
Published: April 2018

A solution growth process combined of vertical Bridgman and vertical gradient freeze in a metal free Si‐C melt at growth temperatures of 2300 °C is developed. The influence of the growth parameters for different growth steps and of the surface polarity of the seed is investigated. The layers are evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry. The growth of high quality SiC layers with a diameter of 30 mm and a layer thickness up to 200 µm is achieved.
Pyrosynthesis of Na3V2(PO4)3@C Cathodes for Safe and Low‐Cost Aqueous Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Islam Saiful , Alfaruqi Muhammad Hilmy , Putro Dimas Yunianto , Mathew Vinod , Kim Sungjin , Jo Jeonggeun , Kim Seokhun , Sun Yang‐Kook , Kim Kwangho , Kim Jaekook
Published: April 2018

Rechargeable hybrid aqueous batteries (ReHABs) have emerged as promising sustainable energy‐storage devices because all components are environmentally benign and abundant. In this study, a carbon‐wrapped sponge‐like Na3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticle (NVP@C) cathode is prepared by a simple pyrosynthesis for use in the ReHAB system with impressive rate capability and high cyclability. A high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of pure Na ion superionic conductor (NASICON) NVP with rhombohedral structure. When tested in the ReHAB system, the NVP@C demonstrated high rate capability (66 mAh g−1 at 32 C) and remarkable cyclability over 1000 cycles (about 72 % of the initial capacity is retained at 30 C). Structural transformation and oxidation change studies of the electrode evaluated by using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively, confirmed the high reversibility of the NVP@C electrode in the ReHAB system through a two‐phase reaction. The combined strategy of nanosizing and carbon‐wrapping in the NVP particles is responsible for the remarkable electrochemical properties. The pyrosynthesis technique appears to be a promising and feasible approach to prepare a high‐performance electrode for safe and low‐cost ReHAB systems as nextgeneration large‐scale energy storage devices.
The impact of cognitive impairment in dementia on self‐care domains in diabetes: A systematic search and narrative review
Authors: Santos Tamsin , Lovell Janaka , Shiell Kerrie , Johnson Marilyn , Ibrahim Joseph E.
Published: April 2018

Self‐management is integral to effective chronic disease management. Cognitive impairments (CogImp) associated with dementia have not previously been reviewed in diabetes mellitus (DM) self‐care. The aims of this study are to know (1) whether CogImp associated with dementia impact self‐care and (2) whether specific CogImp affects key DM self‐care processes. A systematic literature search with a narrative review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. This review examined studies published from January, 2000 to February, 2016 describing the relationship between cognition and DM self‐care domains in community dwelling older adults with dementia/CogImp. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. Decrements in all self‐care domains were associated with CogImp. Problem solving was related to reduced disease knowledge (OR 0.87, 95% CI = 0.49‐1.55), resulting in poorer glycemic control. Decision‐making impairments manifested as difficulties in adjusting insulin doses, leading to more hospital admissions. People without CogImp were better able to find/utilize resources by adhering to recommended management (OR 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.05). A lack of interaction with health care providers was demonstrated through reduced receipt of important routine investigation including eye examinations (ARR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.85‐0.86), HbA1c testing (ARR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.96‐0.97), and LDL‐C testing (ARR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.901‐0.914). People without CogImp had better clinic attendance (OR 2.17, 95% CI = 1.30‐3.70). Action taking deficits were apparent through less self‐testing of blood sugar levels (20.2% vs 24.4%, P = 0.1) resulting in poorer glycemic control, self‐care, and more frequent micro/macrovascular complications. Persons with diabetes and CogImp, particularly in domains of learning, memory and executive function, were significantly impaired in all self‐care tasks.
Role of the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene Wt1 in pancreatic development
Authors: Ariza Laura , Cañete Ana , Rojas Anabel , Muñoz‐Chápuli Ramón , Carmona Rita
Published: April 2018

The Wilms tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of a number of organs, but the role played by Wt1 in pancreatic development is unknown. The pancreas contains a population of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) very important for pancreatic physiology. We described elsewhere that hepatic stellate cells originate from the WT1‐expressing liver mesothelium. Thus, we checked if the origin of PSCs was similar. WT1 expression is restricted to the pancreatic mesothelium. Between embryonic day (E) 10.5 and E15.5, this mesothelium gives rise to mesenchymal cells that contribute to a major part of the PSC and other cell types including endothelial cells. Most WT1 systemic mutants show abnormal localization of the dorsal pancreas within the mesentery and intestinal malrotation by E14.0. Embryos with conditional deletion of WT1 between E9.5 and E12.5 showed normal dorsal pancreatic bud and intestine, but the number of acini in the ventral bud was reduced approximately 30% by E16.5. Proliferation of acinar cells was reduced in WT1 systemic mutants, but pancreatic differentiation was not impaired. Thus, mesothelial‐derived cells constitute an important subpopulation of pancreatic mesodermal cells. WT1 expression is not essential for pancreas development, although it influences intestinal rotation and correct localization of the dorsal pancreas within the mesogastrium. Developmental Dynamics 247:924–933, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silver Coordination Chemistry of the Weakly Basic Cage As4S4
Authors: Weis Philippe , Kratzert Daniel , Krossing Ingo
Published: April 2018

By reacting As4S4 (realgar) with Ag[Al(ORF)4] [RF = C(CF3)3] in SO2 or ortho‐difluorobenzene (o‐dfb) at room temperature, the compounds Ag(As4S4)(SO2)2[Al(ORF)4] (1) and Ag3(As4S4)4(o‐dfb)[Al(ORF)4]3 (2) were obtained and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determinations, Raman spectroscopy, as well as solution NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 aggregates to form a one‐dimensional polymer including SO2 ligands binding to the metal cation. Compound 2 forms a two‐dimensional polymer displaying an unprecedented coordination mode of the ligand through one of the arsenic atoms. As a side reaction in o‐dfb, small amounts of the oxidation product As3S4[Al(ORF)4] (3) form. This result indicates that coordination to arsenic is energetically near to the degradation and oxidation of the cluster. Experiments, as well as orienting DFT calculations suggest that the As4S4 cage is an inferior ligand, compared to the nortricyclane cages P4E3 (E = S, Se) and As4S3. Electronegativity arguments, as well as population analyses with three independent methods suggest that the sulfur atoms in realgar always bear a negative partial charge. Thus, if the coordination of the ligand is a charge‐controlled reaction, coordination of realgar should proceed through the sulfur atoms. However, the close energetic proximity of HOMO and HOMO–1 indicates that frontier orbital control could either proceed through an η2(S; S), or η1(As) coordination, as observed in one case.
Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed N‐Acylation of Amines through a Transamidation Reaction
Authors: Ma Juan , Zhang Feng , Zhang Jingyu , Gong Hang
Published: April 2018

A practical protocol has been developed for a Co(OAc)2·4H2O‐catalyzed transamidation reaction. The reaction gives high yields and uses N,N‐dimethylformamide and other amides as carbonyl sources. The protocol is rapid and simple, and it does not require any acids, bases, ligands, or other additives. It works well for a wide range of primary, secondary, and heterocyclic amines.
Spacer‐Extended Bis‐Ene‐Yne Compounds: Scope, Limitations, and Properties
Authors: Lumpi Daniel , Kautny Paul , Carl Viktor , Pokorny Barbara , Holzer Brigitte , Klaffenböck Rene , Skranc Wolfgang , Stöger Berthold , Horkel Ernst , Hametner Christian , Fröhlich Johannes
Published: April 2018

The paper outlines a synthetic approach towards novel spacer‐extended bis‐ene‐yne structures via a tandem thiophene ring‐opening reaction to selectively obtain the Z,Z‐isomers. Various unsaturated spacer moieties are matter of interest in these investigations owing to potential applications in organic electronics. As a result, the successful application of the tandem ring‐opening process on a representative set of spacer‐extended substrates is demonstrated and the limitations regarding substrate and product scope are revealed in terms of ring‐opening ability and stability. Additionally, a general oxidation protocol for ene‐yne compounds capable of accessing double‐sided sulfone species is developed. The comparison of the photophysical and electronic properties before and after oxidation reveals significant effects of the chemical modification on the intrinsic characteristics of the materials and thus a wide variability of the developed molecular building blocks.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Chelation‐Assisted C–H Bonds
Authors: Kesavan Arunachalam , Chaitanya Manthena , Anbarasan Pazhamalai
Published: April 2018

An efficient palladium‐catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of chelation‐assisted C–H bonds has been accomplished by employing a readily accessible trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. The reaction tolerates various directing groups and functional groups and allows the access to diverse trifluoromethylthiolated arenes in good yield. A plausible mechanism was proposed based on preliminary mechanistic investigations.
Eating disorders symptoms in sexual minority women: A systematic review
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Collantoni Enrico , Gallicchio Davide , Busetto Paolo , Solmi Marco , Santonastaso Paolo , Favaro Angela
Published: April 2018

Background

Although the literature consistently shows increased levels of psychological distress in the gay population, less evidence—and with contrasting findings—is available with regard to lesbian women. The aim of the present study is to review the literature in the eating disorders (EDs) field in order to provide further data on the frequency of EDs symptoms in sexual minority women.

Method

A systematic review of the studies identified by electronic database search (PubMed, Ovid, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) up to August 2017.

Results

Fourty‐five studies were found, conducted on 372,256 women. Only 7 studies investigated patients with lifetime diagnosis of ED. As for the symptomatology of EDs, 39 studies were found, which presented huge differences in the scales used for the assessment (e.g., Eating Disorders Inventory and Eating Attitudes Test‐26).

Conclusions

A higher number of diagnoses of EDs were found in sexual minority women, with a symptomatology characterized by higher occurrence of binge eating and purging, as well as lower body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, compared with heterosexual peers.
A numerical comparison of protective measures against external fire spread
Authors: Nilsson Markus , Husted Bjarne , Mossberg Axel , Anderson Johan , McNamee Robert Jansson
Published: April 2018

The impact of different passive protective measures against external vertical fire spread was investigated using the numerical tool Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The numerical study was divided into a validation study and a comparative analysis. The validation study was performed to evaluate FDS as a calculation tool for modelling external vertical fire spread and was conducted using experimental results from a large‐scale fire test done on a SP FIRE 105 test rig at SP, Sweden. It was concluded that FDS 6.2.0 could reproduce the experimental results with a reasonable level of detail. In the comparative analysis, the impact on the external fire from a smaller apartment was studied in FDS with different configurations of horizontal projections and spandrels in the building exterior. Also, the effects of an upper and lower facade set‐back configuration were studied. The results show that facade solutions based on a horizontal projection or an upper facade set‐back configuration result in comparable or better protection compared with a defined spandrel height. The results also show that a spandrel height of at least 1.2 m can be replaced by a 60‐cm‐deep horizontal projection, given that the balcony is wider than the underlying opening.
Egyptian Hammamat molasse basins and their relations to arc collision stages: Implications for radioactive elements mineralization potential
Authors: Dessouky Osama K. , Dardier Ahmed M. , Abdel Ghani Ismail M.
Published: April 2018

Our understanding of the formation style and tectonic setting of Hammamat molasse sedimentary rocks (HMSR) as well as their chronological situation in the legend of the geologic maps is as yet deficient. The purpose of the work is to decipher the misinterpretation of the HMSR genesis. As such, we present a new classification for HMSR that provides answers about its significant field relationships with the mature island arc volcanics that obviously explains the changes in the depositional environments of HMSR, tectonic setting in addition to the shape and type of their constituents. In the light of our suggested thematic evolution model, the HMSR have been deposited in 3 different tectonic settings: (a) fore‐arc, intra‐arc, and back‐arc basins during pre‐collision stage; (b) fore‐arc basins and low land basins in accretionary prism during syn‐collision stage; and (c) low land and intramontane basins during late‐collision stage. The characteristics of HMSR in each stage differ according to the shape and type of basin and the source of sediments supplying. Thus, they show different types and sizes of clasts, mineralization, and radioactivity. The low radioactive potentiality of HMSR is entirely related to their composition, nature, and source of sediments. Generally, any radioactive anomalies are not related to HMSR themselves, but to the surrounding U‐rich rocks and/or the hydrothermal and super‐heated solutions. Siltstones of HMSR with their recognizable low permeability could be a good barrier for solutions carrying uranium and probably form visible uranium mineralization. Spots of visible uranium mineralization are scattered at the contact between HMSR and late‐collision granites within the southern periphery of Um Tawat Basin and at the contact between trachytes and HMSR within Wadi El Kareim Basin; the extension of this mineralization does not exceed more than few centimetres away from the contact.
Management of newly diagnosed high‐risk and intermediate‐risk follicular lymphoma with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan in a phase II study
Authors: Berinstein Neil L. , Pennell Nancy M. , Weerasinghe Rashmi , Buckstein Rena , Piliotis Eugenia , Imrie Kevin R. , Chodirker Lisa , Cussen Mary‐Anne , Miles Ellen , Reis Marciano D. , Ghorab Zeina , Cheung Matthew C.
Published: April 2018

Five‐year overall survival for high‐risk Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index follicular lymphoma is only approximately 50% compared with 90% for low risk. To evaluate an approach to improve upon this poor outcome, we completed an exploratory phase II trial of intensified treatment for patients with intermediate and high‐risk follicular lymphoma. Front‐line treatment with chemo‐immunotherapy consisting of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone was followed by radio‐ immunotherapy with 90‐Yttrium ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation, and 2 years of rituximab maintenance. The 5‐year overall survival for intermediate and high‐risk patients was 88% and 83%, respectively. Of 33 enrolled patients, 3 were off study before receiving radio‐immunotherapy. Three months post radio‐immunotherapy, 28/33 (85%) patients had achieved complete response including 6 patients who had only a partial response to chemo‐immunotherapy and converted to complete response after radio‐immunotherapy. The 5‐year progression‐free survival for intermediate and high risk was 79% and 58%, respectively. Nine of 19 patients with molecular markers patients remain in molecular and clinical complete remission with a median follow‐up of 48 months (range 3‐84 months). Post radio‐immunotherapy, hematologic toxicities were mostly grade 1 and 2. However, asymptomatic grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 11%‐36% and 10%‐24% of patients, respectively. Myelodysplastic syndrome occurred in 1 patient 4 years post treatment. Whereas many patients had prolonged B‐cell reduction and low immunoglobulin levels post treatment, previous immunities to rubella were maintained. More aggressive upfront approaches such as this may benefit higher risk follicular lymphoma, but confirmatory trials are required. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01446562.
The first study on therapeutic efficacies of a vascular disrupting agent CA4P among primary hepatocellular carcinomas with a full spectrum of differentiation and vascularity: Correlation of MRI‐microangiography‐histopathology in rats
Authors: Liu Yewei , De Keyzer Frederik , Wang Yixin , Wang Fengna , Feng Yuanbo , Chen Feng , Yu Jie , Liu Jianjun , Song Shaoli , Swinnen Johan , Bormans Guy , Oyen Raymond , Huang Gang , Ni Yicheng
Published: April 2018

To better inform the next clinical trials of vascular disrupting agent combretastatin‐A4‐phosphate (CA4P) in patients with hepatic malignancies, this preclinical study aimed at evaluating CA4P therapeutic efficacy in rats with primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) of a full spectrum of differentiation and vascularity by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microangiography and histopathology. Ninety‐six HCCs were raised in 25 rats by diethylnitrosamine gavage. Tumor growth was monitored by T2‐/T1‐weighted‐MRI (T2WI, T1WI) using a 3.0 T scanner. Early vascular response and later intratumoral necrosis were detected by dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion‐weighted‐imaging (DWI) before, 1 and 12 hr after CA4P iv‐administration. In vivo MRI‐findings were validated by postmortem‐techniques. Multi‐parametric MRI revealed rapid CA4P‐induced tumor vascular shutdown within 1 hr, followed by variable intratumoral necrosis at 12 hr. Tumor volumes decreased by 10% at 1 hr (p < 0.05), but resumed at 12 hr. Correlations of semi‐quantitative DCE parameter initial‐area‐under‐the‐gadolinium‐curve (IAUGC30) with histopathology proved partial vascular closure and compensational reopening (p < 0.05). The higher grades of vascularity prevented those residual tumor tissues from CA4P‐caused ischemic necrosis. By histopathology using a 4‐scale cellular‐differentiation criteria and a 4‐grade tumor‐vascularity classification, percentage of CA4P‐induced necrosis negatively correlated with HCC differentiation (r = −0.404, p < 0.001) and tumor vascularity (r = −0.370, p < 0.001). Ordinal‐logistic‐regression helped to predict early tumor responses to CA4P in terms of tumoral differentiation and vascularity. Our study demonstrated that CA4P could induce vascular shutdown in primary HCCs within 1 hr, resulting in various degrees of tumor necrosis at 12 hr. MRI as a real‐time imaging biomarker may help to define tumor vascularity and differentiation and further to predict CA4P therapeutic outcomes.
Impact of HPV vaccination on outcome of cervical cytology screening in Denmark—A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Thamsborg Lise Holst , Napolitano George , Larsen Lise Grupe , Lynge Elsebeth
Published: April 2018

4vHPV vaccination has been tested in randomized controlled trials under almost ideal conditions, and studies of real‐life use have compared outcome between vaccinated and unvaccinated women from the same birth cohort and mostly before screening age. Here we present the first—to our knowledge—evaluation of the impact of the 4vHPV vaccination in real life without selection bias in the reported data. The study has been carried out by comparing the results after first cervical screening between an HPV‐vaccinated and an unvaccinated birth cohort, consisting of women born in Denmark in 1993 and 1983, respectively. Cytology data covering an 8‐year period, from the age of 15 (age of HPV‐vaccination) to age 23 (age of invitation to first cervical screening), were retrieved from the Danish National Pathology Register. Abnormal cytology, defined as atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance and worse (ASCUS+) was detected in 9.4% of women born in 1993 as compared with 9.0% of women born in 1983; RR = 1.04 (95% CI 0.96–1.12), p = .29. Detection of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was statistically significantly lower in the 1993 than in the 1983 cohort, RR = 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.7), p < .0001, while the opposite pattern was seen for ASCUS RR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.2–1.6), p < .0001. The decrease in HSIL means that more women can be spared referral for colposcopy and biopsy. The increase of ASCUS could be explained by transition from conventional to liquid‐based cytology, but this observation requires further monitoring.
AN ALTERNATIVE TO HEDGING FOR THE CORPORATION: MANAGING A PORTFOLIO OF RISKS
Authors: Wilford D. Sykes
Published: May 2018

Financial Risk Management for most corporations has now become a topic of discussion, if not an issue for active implementation. The issues of “Should One Hedge” and “How Should One Hedge” are often segregated and have tended to be so in the literature. Articles dealing with the hedge decision often ignore the implementation issues and vice versa. This article explores the use of Mean Variance portfolio optimization techniques in hedging corporate risks. It links the various sets of literature together to argue that for some firms using modern portfolio management techniques to manage corporate risks can prove advantageous. The article concludes with an analysis of a synthetic European firm exhibiting many of the risks and other qualities apropos a firm deciding to utilize MEAN‐VARIANCE techniques to manage financial risks.
The Use of Serum Albumin as a Prognostic or Nutritional Marker and The Pros and Cons of IV Albumin Therapy
Authors: Vanek Vincent W.
Published: April 2018

Serum albumin is a poor nutritional marker, but it is a good prognostic marker correlating with morbidity and mortality. However, IV albumin administration in hypoalbuminemic patients does not decrease tube feeding‐associated diarrhea or intolerance, nor does it improve clinical outcome, so it is not cost‐effective. In selected situations, colloid solutions may be helpful; however, nonprotein colloids are preferred and rarely is IV albumin indicated.
A comparative transgene expression study between a protaplex and a rotaplex embedded lipid‐nano particles in murine derived dendritic cell
Authors: Shaheen Sharif M. , Azad A.K. , Mustafezur Rahman M. , Uddin Md. Jashim
Published: May 2018

Gene therapy depends on the perfect DNA delivery to the nuclear subdomain, where DNA should be orchestrated in a lipid based programmed packaging, like multi‐functional envelope type of nano device (MEND) and tetra lamellar multi‐functional envelope type of nano device (T‐MEND) published elsewhere. In both the packaging system, DNA has to make a complex (core) with a cationic polymer. It is important how about the effect of such a DNA/condenser core inside the programmed‐packaging reflects the transgene expression. Here we compared transgene expression of a firefly luciferase gene from both the protaplex (protamine‐DNA) and rotaplex (polyrotaxane‐DNA), packaged in MENDs. Dendritic cells were transfected with these nanoparticles and transgene expression, cell viability as well as antigen presentations were measured. Transgene expression from the MEND of protaplex was significantly higher in JAWs‐II cell (dendritic cell line) and bone marrow dendritic cell. Cell viability and antigen presentations from the protaplex were also prompt and better than that of polyplex, when T‐MEND package systems containing protaplex and rotaplex, were compared. Confocal microscopic studies of fluorescently labeled plasmid DNA reflected the evidence of ease decondensation of DNA from the protaplex than that of a rotaplex. Our results suggest that a natural DNA condenser (protamine in protaplex) prefers transgene expression better to those of synthetic polycationic condenser (polyrotaxane in rotaplex).
Analytical performance of the various acquisition modes in Orbitrap MS and MS/MS
Authors: Kaufmann Anton
Published: April 2018

Quadrupole Orbitrap instruments (Q Orbitrap) permit high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based full scan acquisitions and have a number of acquisition modes where the quadrupole isolates a particular mass range prior to a possible fragmentation and high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based acquisition. Selecting the proper acquisition mode(s) is essential if trace analytes are to be quantified in complex matrix extracts. Depending on the particular requirements, such as sensitivity, selectivity of detection, linear dynamic range, and speed of analysis, different acquisition modes may have to be chosen. This is particularly important in the field of multi‐residue analysis (eg, pesticides or veterinary drugs in food samples) where a large number of analytes within a complex matrix have to be detected and reliably quantified. Meeting the specific detection and quantification performance criteria for every targeted compound may be challenging. It is the aim of this paper to describe the strengths and the limitations of the currently available Q Orbitrap acquisition modes. In addition, the incorporation of targeted acquisitions between full scan experiments is discussed. This approach is intended to integrate compounds that require an additional degree of sensitivity or selectivity into multi‐residue methods.
Micro‐Raman detection of the differentiation state of SH‐SY5Y cells grown on silicon and aluminium substrates
Authors: Ricci Maria , Sagini Krizia , Caponi Silvia , Urbanelli Lorena , Cornella Nicola , Macchi Paolo , Morresi Assunta , Emiliani Carla , Fioretto Daniele , Musio Carlo , Sassi Paola
Published: April 2018

SH‐SY5Y cell line is a model for neural diseases originating from neuroblastoma, a paediatric embryonal malignancy that may differentiate and regress to a benign state. By monitoring the differentiation in single living cells, it could be possible to reach a better understanding of the process and, consequently, to develop new therapeutic approaches. In this work, we investigated the potential of Raman microspectroscopy to monitor biochemical changes in single living SH‐SY5Y cells treated with a combination of retinoic acid (RA) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor to stimulate the differentiation toward a neuronal phenotype. The results show that the spectroscopic analysis is able to detect biochemical alterations consistent with the differentiation process. Moreover, we investigated also the influence of the cell culture substrate on the treatment outcome. Silicon and aluminium are 2 materials suitable for the spectroscopic analysis and of interest in neuroscience applications. Even though silicon has an ensured biocompatibility, it is subject to alterations after the treatment with RA. Aluminium revealed to be a cost‐effective cell culture substrate for the RA and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor treatment of SH‐SY5Y cells and particularly suitable for Raman microspectroscopy.
CARS microscopy of scytonemin in cyanobacteria Nostoc commune
Authors: Venckus Petras , Paliulis Skalvis , Kostkevičiene Jolanta , Dementjev Andrej
Published: April 2018

This paper deals with the study of scytonemin in cyanobacteria applying coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. The chemically specific CARS response from particular chemical compounds in the algae cell is usually weak because of their low concentration and is often overwhelmed by optical emissions from other cellular constituents. This report demonstrates that for scytonemin localized in cyanobacteria Nostoc commune, the vibrational response is sufficient for its reliable identification. Scytonemin is known as a sunscreen sheath enclosing the cells of microalgae against ultraviolet radiation. The effectiveness of CARS microscopy as a mapping technique with the aim to visualize the scytonemin sheath in a live culture such as cyanobacteria N. commune has been revealed.
Supersonic Shear Imaging Elastography in Skeletal Muscles: Relationship Between In Vivo and Synthetic Fiber Angles and Shear Modulus
Authors: Lima Kelly , Rouffaud Remi , Grégoire Jean‐Marc , Pereira Wagner , Oliveira Liliam F.
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To verify a relationship between the pennation angle of synthetic fibers and muscle fibers with the shear modulus (μ) generated by Supersonic shear imaging (SSI) elastography and to compare the anisotropy of synthetic and in vivo pennate muscle fibers in the x2–x3 plane (probe perpendicular to water surface or skin).

Methods

First, the probe of Aixplorer ultrasound scanner (v.9, Supersonic Imagine, Aix‐en‐Provence, France) was placed in 2 positions (parallel [aligned] and transverse to the fibers) to test the anisotropy in the x2–x3 plane. Subsequently, it was inclined (x1–x3 plane) in relation to the fibers, forming 3 angles (18.25 °, 21.55 °, 36.86 °) for synthetic fibers and one (approximately 0 °) for muscle fibers.

Results

On the x2–x3 plane, μ values of the synthetic and vastus lateralis fibers were significantly lower (P < .0001) at the transverse probe position than the longitudinal one. In the x1–x3 plane, the μ values were significantly reduced (P < .0001) with the probe angle increasing, only for the synthetic fibers (approximately 0.90 kPa for each degree of pennation angle).

Conclusions

The pennation angle was not related to the μ values generated by SSI elastography for the in vivo lateral head of the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscles. However, a μ reduction with an angle increase in the synthetic fibers was observed. These findings contribute to increasing the applicability of SSI in distinct muscle architecture at normal or pathologic conditions.
Flexible Supercapacitor Based on Inkjet‐Printed Graphene@Polyaniline Nanocomposites with Ultrahigh Capacitance
Authors: Diao Jianglin , Yuan Jia , Ding Ailing , Zheng Jiushang , Lu Zhisong
Published: April 2018

This work describes the fabrication of high‐performance all‐solid‐state supercapacitors based on covalently‐anchored reduced graphene oxide (RGO)@polyaniline (PANI) composites via an inkjet printing method. Morphological and chemical characterization data show that PANI nanoparticles are immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets via covalent bonds. Sandwich‐structured and interdigitated supercapacitors are fabricated by printing the as‐prepared GO@PANI composites on flexible substrates, followed by a chemical reduction. The devices display high volumetric capacitances (258.5 F cm−3 at 1 mV s−1 for sandwich‐structured ones and 554 F cm−3 at 1 mV s−1 for interdigitated ones) and excellent cycling retention (2000 cycles >90%). Moreover, at the bending state, there are no significant changes on the device capacitances, indicating their great flexibility. The high‐performance devices can be further designed to produce special geometries and patterns. The work may provide a novel strategy to fabricate RGO@PANI composite‐based supercapacitors, which allows the end users to precisely deposit active materials according to their designs, for miniature and wearable electronics.
A new efficient approach to the characterization of D‐stable matrices
Authors: Pavani Raffaella
Published: April 2018

The concept of D‐stability is relevant for stable square matrices of any order, especially when they appear in ordinary differential systems modeling physical problems. Indeed, D‐stability was treated from different points of view in the last 50 years, but the problem of characterization of a general D‐stable matrix was solved for low‐order matrices only (ie, up to order 4). Here, a new approach is proposed within the context of numerical linear algebra. Starting from a known necessary and sufficient condition, other simpler equivalent necessary and sufficient conditions for D‐stability are proved. Such conditions turn out to be computationally more appealing for symbolic software, as discussed in the reported examples. Therefore, a new symbolic method is proposed to characterize matrices of order greater than 4, and then it is used in some numerical examples, given in details.
On a singular nonlocal time fractional order mixed problem with a memory term
Authors: Mesloub Said , Algahtani Obaid
Published: April 2018

We use the priori estimate method to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution as well as its dependence on the given data of a singular time fractional mixed problem having a memory term. The considered fractional equation is associated with a nonlocal condition of integral type and a Neuman condition. Our results develop and show the efficiency and effectiveness of the energy inequalities method for the time fractional order differential equations with a nonlocal condition.
Parameter inference for HIV stochastic diffusion model in closed heterosexual population
Authors: Abou‐Bakre Abdellah , El Maroufy Hamid
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we consider a model of HIV dynamic. We formulate the stochastic diffusion approximations process associated to the discrete model. Our aim is to estimate the parameters of this model, using a contrast function associated to the likelihood derived from the discretized continuous process. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations. A real application to Morocco's case has discussed.
A discrete polar Stockwell transform for enhanced characterization of tissue structure using MRI
Authors: Pridham Glen , Steenwijk Martijn D. , Geurts Jeroen J.G. , Zhang Yunyan
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to present an effective algorithm for computing the discrete polar Stockwell transform (PST), investigate its unique multiscale and multi‐orientation features, and explore potentially new applications including denoising and tissue segmentation.

Theory and Methods

We investigated PST responses using both synthetic and MR images. Moreover, we compared the features of PST with both Gabor and Morlet wavelet transforms, and compared the PST with two wavelet approaches for denoising using MRI. Using a synthetic image, we also tested the edge effect of PST through signal‐padding. Then, we constructed a partially supervised classifier using radial, marginal PST spectra of T2‐weighted MRI, acquired from postmortem brains with multiple sclerosis. The classification involved three histology‐verified tissue types: normal appearing white matter (NAWM), lesion, or other, along with 5‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

The PST generated a series of images with varying orientations or rotation‐invariant scales. Radial frequencies highlighted image structures of different size, and angular frequencies enhanced structures by orientation. Signal‐padding helped suppress boundary artifacts but required attention to incidental artifacts. In comparison, the Gabor transform produced more redundant images and the wavelet spectra appeared less spatially smooth than the PST. In addition, the PST demonstrated lower root‐mean‐square errors than other transforms in denoising and achieved a 93% accuracy for NAWM pixels (296/317), and 88% accuracy for lesion pixels (165/188) in MRI segmentation.

Conclusions

The PST is a unique local spectral density‐assessing tool which is sensitive to both structure orientations and scales. This may facilitate multiple new applications including advanced characterization of tissue structure in standard MRI.
Symmetric orthogonal approximation to symmetric tensors with applications to image reconstruction
Authors: Pan Junjun , Ng Michael K.
Published: April 2018

The main objective of this paper is to study an approximation of symmetric tensors by symmetric orthogonal decomposition. We propose and study an iterative algorithm to determine a symmetric orthogonal approximation and analyze the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Numerical examples are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We also apply the proposed algorithm to represent correlated face images. We demonstrate better face image reconstruction results by combining principal components and symmetric orthogonal approximation instead of combining principal components and higher‐order SVD results.
Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated LDHs with melamine‐formaldehyde resin and its flame retardant application in epoxy resin
Authors: Zhu Ping , Gu Zhongji , Hong Shu , Lian Hailan
Published: April 2018

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are emerging as a new and green high‐efficient flame retardant. But LDHs aggregate seriously because of their hydrophilicity, which affect deeply the mechanical and flame retardant properties of their composites. For the first time in this paper, microencapsulated LDHs (MCLDHs) with melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) resin were prepared by microencapsulation technology to enhance their compatibility and dispersion within epoxy resin (EP). The mechanical and flame retardant performances of EP/MCLDH composite were studied by comparing with EP/LDH composite. Results showed that the water contact angle of MCLDHs increased from 8.9° to 122.1°, which indicated good compatibility. The particle size of MCLDHs decreased sharply, and more than one‐third were up to submicron scale, which can be conducive to dispersion. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of EP/MCLDHs with different flame retardant contents were higher than those of EP/LDHs. And the addition of MCLDHs increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of EP/MCLDHs, which meant a strong interfacial interaction. Besides, compared with EP/LDHs, the limiting oxygen index values of EP/MCLDHs were higher, and its peak of heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 16.3% and 5.5% respectively. EP/MCLDHs achieved from V‐1 to V‐0 rate with the increasing content of MCLDHs from 20% to 30%, while LDHs/EP never passed tests. In the process of heating, H2O, CO2, and NH3 released from MCLDHs formed gaseous phase, and the remaining dense char layers and oxides produced condensed phase, which played an important role in inhibiting combustion.
Reciprocal loop of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and metastasis‐associated protein 2 (MTA2) contributes to the progression of pancreatic carcinoma by suppressing E‐cadherin transcription
Authors: Zhu Shuai , Deng Shijiang , He Chi , Liu Mingliang , Chen Hengyu , Zeng Zhu , Zhong Jianxin , Ye Zeng , Deng Shichang , Wu Heshui , Wang Chunyou , Zhao Gang
Published: April 2018

Metastasis‐associated protein 2 (MTA2) is overexpressed in certain malignancies, and plays important roles in tumour metastasis and progression. The present study highlights the function of MTA2 in pancreatic carcinoma through its role as a deacetylator of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and a cotranscriptional factor for E‐cadherin expression. We found that overexpression of MTA2 promoted, and knockdown of MTA2 inhibited, the invasion and proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells both in vitro and in xenograft models in vivo. We also found that MTA2 is transcriptionally upregulated by HIF‐1α through a hypoxia response element (HRE) of the MTA2 promoter in response to hypoxia. Reciprocally, MTA2 deacetylates HIF‐1α and enhances its stability through interacting with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Consequently, HIF‐1α recruits MTA2 and HDAC1 to the HRE of the E‐cadherin promoter, by which E‐cadherin transcription is repressed. In agreement with these experimental results, MTA2 is positively associated with HIF‐1α, but inversely correlated with E‐cadherin, in pancreatic carcinoma samples. Moreover, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas on 172 pancreatic carcinomas indicate an association between high expression of MTA2 and short overall survival. Taken together, our study identifies MTA2 as a critical hub and potential therapeutic target to inhibit the progression and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pervaporation separation of water–isopropyl alcohol mixture by PVA/LiBr membrane
Authors: Ebrahimian Farinaz , Sadeghi Morteza , Moheb Ahmad , Shafiei Mohammadreza
Published: April 2018

Hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol membranes, modified by lithium bromide, were prepared with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking reagent. The membranes were investigated for the pervaporation dehydration of a water–isopropyl systems. The effect of the feed temperature on permeation flux and membrane selectivity was studied. The characterization of modified membranes was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction. It was observed that the crystallinity of membranes increased as lithium bromide was added to the polymer. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze water content and isopropyl alcohol in the feed and permeate samples The pervaporation tests also confirmed an enhancement in water permeability through adding LiBr to the polymer, because of the high hydrophilic properties of this salt. According to pervaporation experiments conducted at 50°C, the water flux increased from 0.1049 kg/ m2 hr to 0.1114 kg/ m2 hr as 0.5 wt% of LiBr was added to the polymer matrix. Furthermore, an addition of 1 wt% of LiBr compared to homogeneous PVA membrane increased selectivity from 76 to 779. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E101–E111, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Simple route for the preparation of graphene/poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) nanocomposite films with enhanced electrical conductivity and hydrophobicity
Authors: Kepić Dejan P , Ristić Ivan S , Marinović‐Cincović Milena T , Peruško Davor B , Špitálsky Zdenko , Pavlović Vladimir B , Budimir Milica D , Šiffalovič Peter , Dramićanin Miroslav D , Mičušík Matej , Kleinová Angela , Janigová Ivica , Marković Zoran M , Todorović Marković Biljana M
Published: April 2018

This paper reports a simple route for the preparation of graphene/poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) (SBS) nanocomposite films employing a vacuum filtration method. Graphene is exfoliated well by an electrochemical procedure and homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. The prepared nanocomposite films were characterized by XRD, Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, AFM and SEM. Morphological studies showed that graphene formed a smooth coating over the surface of SBS. The increase in graphene concentration induces the wrinkling of graphene sheets at the composite surface which causes a further increase in surface roughness. The FTIR, Raman and XPS spectra of graphene/SBS nanocomposite films indicate the strong interactions between graphene and the polymer matrix. According to the XRD patterns, introducing SBS into graphene did not modify the graphene structure additionally, i.e. the crystal lattice parameters do not depend on SBS content in graphene/SBS nanocomposite films. The graphene/SBS nanocomposite films also exhibited better hydrophobicity due to the increased surface roughness and lower sheet resistivity (reduced 10 times) compared to exfoliated graphene. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Biobased epoxy resin derived from eugenol with excellent integrated performance and high renewable carbon content
Authors: Miao Jia‐Tao , Yuan Li , Guan Qingbao , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: April 2018

Developing biobased epoxy resin with high renewable carbon content and outstanding integrated performance is beneficial for both sustainable development and applications in cutting‐edge fields. Herein, a biobased epoxy monomer (TEUP‐EP) with high renewable carbon content (100%) was synthesized from renewable eugenol with a sustainable process; TEUP‐EP was then blended with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) to develop a new biobased epoxy resin (TEUP‐EP/DDM). The integrated performance of TEUP‐EP/DDM resin was studied and compared with that of petroleum‐based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/DDM resin. Compared with DGEBA/DDM resin, TEUP‐EP/DDM resin has much better integrated performance and not only exhibits a glass transition temperature about 26 °C higher and a 24.4% or 57% increased flexural strength or modulus, but also shows outstanding flame retardancy. Specifically, the limiting oxygen index increases from 26.5% to 31.4% and the UL‐94 grade improves from no rating to the V‐0 level; moreover, the peak heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 63.1% and 57.4%, respectively. All these results fully prove that TEUP‐EP/DDM is a novel biobased high performance epoxy resin. The mechanism behind these attractive integrated performances is discussed intensively. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cell Surface MHC Class I Expression Is Limited by the Availability of Peptide‐Receptive “Empty” Molecules Rather than by the Supply of Peptide Ligands
Authors: Komov Liran , Kadosh Dganit Melamed , Barnea Eilon , Milner Elena , Hendler Ayellet , Admon Arie
Published: April 2018

While antigen processing and presentation (APP) by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I) molecules have been extensively studied, a question arises as to whether the level of MHC‐I expression is limited by the supply of peptide‐receptive (empty) MHC molecules, or by the availability of peptide ligands for loading. To this end, the effect of interferons (IFNs) on the MHC peptidomes of human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) were evaluated. Although all four HLA allotypes of the MCF‐7 cells (HLA‐A*02:01, B*18, B*44, and C*5) present peptides of similar lengths and C‐termini, which should be processed similarly by the proteasome and by the APP chaperones, the IFNs induced differential modulation of the HLA‐A, B, and C peptidomes. In addition, overexpression of recombinant soluble HLA‐A*02:01, introduced to compete with the identical endogenous membrane‐bound HLA‐A*02:01 for peptides of the MCF‐7 cells, did not alter the expression level or the presented peptidome of the membrane‐bound HLA‐A*02:01. Taken together, these results indicate that a surplus supply of peptides is available inside the ER for loading onto the MHC‐I peptide‐receptive molecules, and that cell surface MHC‐I expression is likely limited by the availability of empty MHC molecules.