bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran jarak jauh yang pedagogis-spiritual: Sebuah tawaran model pembelajaran ramah anak di tengah pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sine Novy Amelia Elisabeth
Published: May 2022

The covid-19 Pandemic has impacted education in Indonesia. It causes the government to issue a policy, namely Distancing Learning. However, students have trouble doing the process of the policy. It is because the learning model is not completely child friendly. This manuscript aims to criticize the model of distancing learning and offer a new learning model that is needed to build the process of child-friendly education. This research uses a qualitative method by constructing the thought of Bell Hooks and Ralph W. Tyler about the curriculum and engaged pedagogy and analyzing the result of the interview with parents and students. The results show that PJJ needs a new learning model, which considers students' spirituality. Moreover, this manuscript points out that pedagogical-spiritual distancing learning is a child-friendly learning model. AbstrakPandemi Covid-19 memberi dampak pada sektor pendidikan di Indonesia yang mengharuskan pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ). Namun, peserta didik mengalami kendala dalam proses pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut karena model pembelajaran yang tidak sepenuhnya ramah pada anak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkritisi model PJJ dan menawarkan sebuah model pembelajaran yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun proses pendidikan yang ramah anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengkonstruksi pemikiran Bell Hooks dan Ralph W. Tyler mengenai kurikulum dan engaged pedagogy, serta menganalisis hasil wawancara terhadap orang tua dan peserta didik yang menunjukkan perlunya model baru dalam PJJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PJJ membutuhkan sebuah model pembelajaran yang baru, yang mempertimbangkan aspek spiritualitas peserta didik. Tulisan ini pada akhirnya memperlihatkan bahwa PJJ yang pedagogis-spiritual merupakan sebuah tawaran model pembelajaran yang ramah anak di tengah pandemi Covid-19.
Pendidikan yang membebaskan: Sadar akan pluralitas dalam pendidikan Kristiani di era posmodern
Authors: Pantan Frans
Published: May 2022

This study aims to examine the pluralistic principle in Christian religious education in the postmodern era. This research process uses descriptive social qualitative methods. Namely, researchers use descriptive data, explain, and analyze phenomena, and interpret social dynamics and attitudes of beliefs that develop in society in the framework of educational analysis. The study results indicate that essentially education is life and/or life is education. Based on this principle, the goal of education is to humanize humans, namely, to consistently manage harmonious relationships with Allah, the Owner of their lives, others, and their environment. This research finds common ground and, at the same time, produces an inclusive education formulation that sees the others in the frame of plurality or plurality who are entitled to enjoy the freedom of expression in the light of the will of the Divine. This concept must be present in the life of postmodern society.  AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji prinsip pluralistik dalam Pendidikan agama Kristen di era postmodern. Proses penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif sosial deskriptif, yakni peneliti memanfaatkan data deskriptif, menjelaskan dan menganalisis fenomena, menginterpretasi dinamika sosial dan sikap kepercayaan yang berkembang di masyarakat dalam bingkai analisis pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada hakikatnya pendidikan adalah kehidupan dan/atau kehidupan adalah pendidikan. Didasari dengan prinsip tersebut maka tujuan ultim pendidikan adalah memanusiakan manusia secara utuh, yakni secara konsisten mengelola relasi harmoni dengan Allah-Sang Pemilik hidupnya, sesama dan lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menemukan titik temu dan sekaligus menghasilkan rumusan pendidikan inklusif yang melihat the others dalam bingkai kemajemukan atau pluralitas yang berhak menikmati kebebasan berekspresi dalam terang kehendak Sang Ilahi. Konsep ini harus disajikan dalam kehidupan masyarakat postmodern.
Dari padang gurun hingga ke belantara posmodernisme: Refleksi perjalanan spiritualitas gereja
Authors: Simanjuntak Fredy , Baito Linus , Marpaung Welko Henro
Published: May 2022

In the Old Testament, the metaphor of the "desert" is quite central in the spiritual image of God's people. In the ancient world, the reality of the wilderness was a pivotal point in Israel's encounter with God. Associated with the life of the church today, the reality of postmodernism becomes a new challenge that causes distortion and fragmentation between orthodoxy, orthopathy, and orthopraxy in church life. This essay aims to examine how desert spirituality can be integrated into the contemporary Christian life. This study uses a qualitative approach with socio-theological analysis. The results of this study are expected to develop a critical awareness of the church about the complex social meaning of desert spirituality practices that can be integrated into postmodern social reality as a transformational practice of personal life, service, and society. AbstrakDalam Perjanjian Lama metafora “padang Gurun” cukup sentral dalam imajinasi spiritualitas umat Allah. Di dunia kuno realitas padang gurun merupakan titik penting perjumpaan Israel dengan Allah. Dikaitkan dengan kehidupan gereja di masa kini, realitas postmodernisme menjadi tantangan baru yang menimbulkan distorsi dan fragmentasi antara ortodoksi, ortopati dan ortopraksis dalam kehidupan menggereja. Esai ini bertujuan mengkaji bagaimana spiritualitas padang gurun dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam kehidupan kekristenan kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis sosio-teologis. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengembangkan kesadaran kritis gereja tentang makna sosial yang kompleks dari praktik spiritualitas padang gurun yang dapat diintegrasikan dalam realitas sosial postmodern sebagai praktik transformasional kehidupan pribadi, pelayanan dan masyarakat.
Influence of different manganese concentrations on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grown in a hydroponic system
Authors: ULAŞ Abdullah , YÜCEL Yusuf Cem , ULAŞ Firdes
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different manganese (Mn) concentrations on the plant growth, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoid content, photosynthetic activity, and root morphological development in eggplant (Solanum melongena L. ‘Adana cv. Dolmalık’ and ‘Köksal cv. F1’). Plants were grown continuously in aerated nutrient solution by using a deep-water culture (DWC) technique in a fully automated climate room. A randomized block design with three replications was used. Both excessive (400 µM) and insufficient (0.4 µM) Mn concentrations in the root zone reduced the shoot fresh and dry matter, branch number, leaf area, and leaf chlorophyll content in both examined genotypes in comparison with optimal Mn concentrations (200 µM). Köksal cv. F1 produced higher shoot and root biomasses, root:shoot ratio, total leaf number, leaf total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total leaf area, and average root diameter at the low concentration of Mn. Conversely, Adana cv. Dolmalık produced significantly higher stem length, shoot and root biomasses, total root length and root volume at high Mn concentrations. Overall, both deficit and excess Mn nutrition could induce disorders in the growth and development of eggplant which may reduce crop yield.
Effects of Congruity between Criterion of choosing and Word Pair Type on Intentional Memory
Authors: Toyota Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

This
study examined the relationship between the recall of chosen words and
congruity between the selection criterion and type of pairs in intentional
memory. Participants were asked to select a more pleasant or unpleasant word
from two types of pairs, pleasant–neutral and unpleasant–neutral, and to
remember the chosen word presented in the learning phase, followed by the free
recall phase. Although the pleasant words selected from the pleasant–neutral
pairs were equally recalled as in the unpleasant–neutral pairs, the chosen
unpleasant words from unpleasant–neutral pairs were recalled more often than
those in the pleasant–neutral pairs. These results suggest that the recall of
the chosen words was determined by the congruity between the criteria of
choosing and the type of paired words and the negativity bias in memory.
Budaya Maritim Migran Buton di Pantai Barat Seram (1942-2002)
Authors: RENYAAN KASMAN
Published: May 2022

Makalah akan menjelaskan tentang “Budaya Maritim Migran Buton di Pantai Barat Seram (1942-2002).” Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, budaya maritim telah mendorong orang Buton berlayar ke pesisir pantai barat Seram (PBS), Maluku. Dorongan berlayar ke daerah tersebut untuk mencari peluang yang bernilai ekonomis, diantaranya komoditi damar. Akan tetapi, potensi sumberdaya alamnya ternyata menarik mereka untuk mengelolah lahan pertanian, mendirikan pemukiman, dan akhirnya menetap di sana. Hal ini didasarkan pada kondisi alam dan kehidupan di Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara, tidak subur untuk bertani. Bagi migran Buton, harapan untuk mendapatkan kesejahteraan ada di Maluku. Dinamika kehidupan mereka diawal penjajakan wilayah, harus berhadapan dengan penjajahan (Jepang) di kawasan pesisir PBS, akibatnya sebagian mereka kembali ke Buton, sedangkan sebagian lainnya memilih bertahan di Kepulauan Maluku. Kondisi itu berimbas pada redupnya budaya maritim mereka. Kemudian dikembangkan lagi setelah mereka eksis dan benar-benar menetap di sana. Dan melakukan ekspansi pelayaran ke daerah lain, guna memperoleh komoditi niaga dan menjajakan barang dagangan hingga pecah konflik Maluku. Wacana usir BBM (Buton, Bugis, Makassar) dari Maluku, berimbas pada upaya orang Buton kembali mencari tanah leluhur mereka. Khusunya pelaut kondisi itu dianggap peluang untuk memperoleh keuntungan dinamis, sehingga mereka bertahan dan eksis melaut demi memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan mendapatkan biaya pendidikan anak
TEKHNOLOGI INFORMASI SEBAGAI SENJATA PERSAINGAN
Authors: Zainal Muh
Published: May 2022

Sebuah pernyataan sederhanan tetapi menggelitik yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan tekhnologi komunikasi adalah “Internet sebagai senjata Persaingan”. Pernyataan ini sesungguhnya dapat dibuktikan kebenarannya, di mana tekhnologi telekomunikasi ini (internet) sudah mampu membuang jauh-jauh kendala jarak, ruang dan waktu. Komunikasi interaktif tidak lagi menjadi kendala berarti sepanjang seseorang mampu menggunakannya. Pernyataan ini sebenarnya lebih banyak mengarah kepada dunia bisnis, dimana perusahaan perusahaan multinasional memperebutkan suplier dan pangsa pasar dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas tekhnologi internet. Persaingan tersebut terlihat nyata dengan banyaknya perusahaan yang merubah orientasi pemberian pelayanan kepada kostumer yang mengarah kepada pemanfaatan jasa telekomunikasi. Tak heran jika disebutkan bahwa “Barang siapa yang akan menguasai dunia, maka dia harus menguasai informasi, dan informasi tercepat adalah mengaskesesnya lewat teknologi komunikasi (internet)”. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana internet dapat menjadi sebuah senjata yang mumpuni untuk memenangkan persaingan
Directionally supervised cellular automaton for the initial peopling of Sahul
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Crabtree Stefani , White Devin A. , Ulm Sean , Bird Michael , Williams Alan N. , Saltré Frédérik
Published: May 2022

Reconstructing the patterns of expansion out of Africa and across the globe by modern Homo sapiens have been advanced using demographic and travel-cost models. However, modelled routes are ipso facto influenced by migration rates, and vice versa. It is therefore timely to combine these two intertwined phenomena in reconstructing the migratory history of our species. We applied such an approach to one of the world’s earliest peopling events in Sahul covering the period from 75,000–50,000 years ago by combining recently published models producing highest-likelihood ‘superhighways’ of movement with predictions of expansion based on a demographic cellular automaton. The superhighways-supervised model approximately doubled the predicted time to continental saturation (~ 10K years; 0.4–0.5 km year-1) compared to that based on the original, directionally unsupervised model (~ 5K years; 0.7–0.9 km year-1), suggesting that rates of migration need to account for topographical constraints in addition to rate of saturation. The modification indicates a slower progression than Neolithic farmers (~ 1 km year-1) from the Near East through Europe. Additionally, the scenarios assuming two dominant entry points into Sahul exposed a previously undetected movement corridor south through the centre of Sahul early in the expansion wave. Our combined model infrastructure provides a data-driven means to examine how people initially moved through, settled, and abandoned different regions of the globe, and demonstrates how combining sophisticated continental-scale path modelling with spatial-demographic models can shed light on the complicated process of ancient peopling events.
How the low pressure in the eye of a typhoon or hurricane is formed?
Authors: Ouyang Jess Lan , Peng Jingli , Fu Min , Liu Qiuyun
Published: May 2022

The eye of a typhoon is a zone that is present in the center of a tropical cyclone. The near-unidirectional motion of the wind outside of the eye reduces molecular collision thus lowering temperature, and the air molecules and water vapor inside the eye then join the lower-temperature wind surrounding the eye according to the second law of thermodynamics. This creates a low pressure eye in a tropical cyclone.
Contrastive alveolar/retroflex phonemes in Singapore Mandarin bilinguals: Comprehension rates for articulations in different accents, and acoustic analysis of productions.
Authors: Goh Hannah Letitia , Woon Fei Ting , Moisik Scott R , Styles Suzy J
Published: May 2022

The standard Beijing variety of Mandarin, has a clear alveolar-retroflex contrast for phonemes featuring voiceless sibilant frication (i.e., /s/, /ʂ/, /ʈs/, /ʈʂ/, /ʈsʰ/, /ʈʂʰ/). However, some studies show that varieties in the ‘outer-circle,’ such in Taiwan, have a reduced contrast for these speech sounds via a process known as “deretroflexion”. The variety of Mandarin spoken in Singapore is also considered ‘outer circle’, as it exhibits influences from Min Nan varieties. We investigated how bilinguals of Singapore Mandarin and English perceive and produce speech tokens in minimal pairs differing only in the alveolar/retroflex place of articulation. 50 Participants took part in two tasks. In task one, participants performed a lexical identification task for minimal pairs differing only the alveolar/retroflex place of articulation, as spoken by native speakers of two varieties: Beijing Mandarin and Singapore Mandarin. No difference in comprehension of the words was observed between the two varieties indicating that both varieties contain sufficient acoustic information for discrimination. In task two, participants read aloud from the list of minimal pairs while their voices were recorded. Acoustic analysis revealed that the phonemes do indeed differ acoustically in terms of centre of gravity of the frication, and in an alternative measure: long term averaged spectra. The magnitude of this difference appears to be smaller than previously reported differences for the Beijing variety. These findings show that although some deretroflexion is evident in the speech of bilinguals of the Singaporean variety of Mandarin, it does not translate to ambiguity in the speech signal.
A critique of: Skepticism About Recent Evidence that Psilocybin Opens Depressed Minds
Authors: Carhart-Harris Robin , Daws Richard E , Nutt David
Published: May 2022

This document details an authors' response to a critique of their work entitled: Skepticism About Recent Evidence that Psilocybin Opens Depressed Minds.
Communicative Feedback as a Mechanism Supporting the Production of Intelligible Speech in Early Childhood
Authors: Nikolaus Mitja , Prévot Laurent , Fourtassi Abdellah
Published: May 2022

Children start to communicate and use language in social interactions from the very early stages in development. This allows them to experiment with their current linguistic knowledge and receive valuable feedback from their interlocutors. We conducted a large-scale corpus study to examine the quality of positive and negative Communicative Feedback signals that caregivers provide in terms of time-contingent responses and clarification requests. We found evidence for the effect of such feedback in supporting children’s production of intelligible speech.The broad impact of this paper is to highlight how general social feedback mechanisms that govern human communication can also support child language acquisition.
A socioemotional network perspective on momentary experiences of family conflict in young adults
Authors: Wang Xinyi , McGowan Amanda L. , Fosco Gregory , Falk Emily B. , Bassett Danielle S , Lydon-Staley David M.
Published: May 2022

Family conflict is a well-established predictor of well-being in youth. Traditional approaches focus on between-family differences in conflict. Daily fluctuations in conflict within families might also impact wellbeing, but more research is needed to understand how and why. Using 21 days of daily diary data and 6-times a day experience-sampling data (n=77 participants; mean age=21.18, SD=1.75; 63 women, 14 men), we captured day-to-day and within-day fluctuations in family conflict, anger, anxiety, and sadness. Using multilevel models, we find that days of higher than usual anger are also days of higher than usual family conflict. Examining associations between family conflict and emotions within days, we find that moments of higher than usual anger predict higher than usual family conflict later in the day. We observe substantial between-family heterogeneity in these patterns with implications for well-being; youth showing substantial interplay between family conflict and emotions across time had more perseverative family conflict and greater trait anxiety. Overall, findings indicate the importance of increases in youth anger for experiences of family conflict during young adulthood and demonstrate how intensive repeated measures coupled with network analytic approaches can capture long-theorized notions of circularly causal processes in daily family life.
Progressing, not regressing: a possible solution to the problem of regression to the mean in unconscious processing studies
Authors: Yaron Itay , Zeevi Yoav , Korisky Uri , Marshall William , Mudrik Liad
Published: May 2022

How convincing is current evidence for unconscious processing? Recently, a major criticism suggested that some, if not much, of this evidence might be explained by a mere statistical phenomenon: regression to the mean (RttM). Excluding participants based on an awareness assessment is a common practice in studies of unconscious processing, and this post-hoc data selection might lead to false effects that are driven by RttM for aware participants wrongfully classified as unaware. Here, we examined this criticism using both simulations and data from 12 studies probing unconscious processing (35 effects overall). In line with the original criticism, we confirmed that the reliability of awareness measures in the field is concerningly low. Yet using simulations, we showed that reliability measures might be unsuitable for estimating error in awareness measures. Furthermore, we examined other solutions for assessing whether an effect is genuine or reflects RttM; all suffered from substantial limitations, such as a lack of specificity to unconscious processing, lack of power, or unjustified assumptions. Accordingly, we suggest a new nonparametric solution, which enjoys high specificity and relatively high power. Together, this work emphasizes the need to account for measurement error in awareness measures and evaluate its consequences for unconscious processing effects. It further suggests a way to meet the important challenge posed by RttM, in an attempt to establish a reliable and robust corpus of knowledge in studying unconscious processing.
Elevated integration within the reward network underlies vulnerability to distress.
Authors: Kozak Stas , Dezachyo Or , Stanford William , Lab Bar Haim , Censor Nitzan , Dayan Eran
Published: May 2022

Distress tolerance (DT), the capability to persist under negative circumstances, underlies a range of psychopathologies. It has been proposed that DT may originate from activity and connectivity in diverse neural networks orchestrated by the reward system. To test this hypothesis, we examined the link between DT, and integration and segregation in the reward network as derived from resting state functional connectivity data. DT was measured in 147 healthy participants, using the Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress task. We found that distress intolerant participants demonstrated heightened reward network integration relative to distress tolerant subjects. In addition, these differences in integration were higher relative to the rest of the brain and, more specifically, the somatomotor network, which has been implicated in impulsive behavior. These findings support the notion that increased integration in large-scale brain networks may constitute a risk for distress intolerance and its psychopathology correlates.
Statistics Training in Library Science: Comparing Approaches in Library and Information Science to Sociology Graduate Programs
Authors: Park Jung Mee
Published: May 2022

Library and information science (LIS) research is becoming more quantitative. However, statistics is not extensively taught within LIS research methods courses, and statistics courses are uncommon within LIS programs. Previous research on statistics in LIS revealed that researchers have mainly relied on descriptive statistics in publications. This article argues that LIS’s partner disciplines, such as sociology, emphasize statistical training more so than do LIS programs at the master’s level. Sociology serves as an appropriate comparison to LIS because of its central status in the development of both qualitative and quantitative research methods and its relevance for library science. The author analyzed the curricular requirements of 109 master’s degree programs (47 sociology and 62 LIS programs) and 81 research methods syllabi (60 in sociology and 21 in LIS). The analysis of master’s in LIS (MLIS) and sociology MA curricula revealed that MLIS students took 0.6 research methods courses while sociology MA students took 2.7 methods courses. LIS programs typically required one methods course, whereas sociology MA programs required three. LIS methods courses spent on average 19% of instructional time on statistics, whereas 64% of sociology MA programs’ instruction in methods focused on statistical analysis. 86% of LIS research methods courses covered descriptive statistics and only 38% of LIS courses discussed inferential statistics. Statistical training in LIS programs remains limited. LIS departments could approach statistical training as sociology has done by teaching inferential statistics and other advanced techniques. Thereafter, information professionals can publish more widely and provide improved research support.
Plasma Spraying of Hydroxyapatite/Ti-6AI-4V Composite Coatings
Authors: Quek C. H. , Khor K. A. , Cheang P.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the influence of spraying current and gun transverse speed on the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite (HA) and Ti-6A1-4V composite coatings. Two different kinds of feedstock are being used; HA and Ti-6A1-4V in the ratio of 80 v/t. %: 20 wt. % and 50 wt. %: 50 wt. % respectively. The paper investigates the influence of the plasma spray currents at 600 A, 800 A, and 1000 A and the influence of the feed speeds of the spray gun at 250 mm/s, 500 mm/s, and 750 mm/s. It examines the powders or coatings using an Instron machine, XRD, and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that a spraying current of l000 A, relative to 600 A and 800 A, gives a coating that is less porous and composed of a well-splayed structure. It also yields the highest bond strength among the coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Spray Forming of FeSi2 Thermoelectric Device
Authors: Ueno K. , Sodeoka S. , Suzuki M. , Inoue T. , Yamada H. , Tsutsumi A. , Kuramoto K. , Sawazaki J. , Yoshida K. , Huang H. , Nagai K. , Kondoh H. , Nakahama S.
Published: May 2022

Thermoelectric (TE) power generation from waste heat is recently attracted much attention as one of energy-saving technologies. In this paper, Co-doped n-type iron silicide semiconductor was plasma sprayed under various spray conditions to find the optimum spray-forming conditions. Then Co-doped iron silicide TE device with thickness ranging from 3 to 5 mm and the area of over 100 cm square was produced in the form of a plate or on tube. The paper examines the microstructure and evaluates thermal and electric properties. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Surface Protection of Components for Hydro Power Stations
Authors: Gustafsson S. , Wasserman Chr. , Chapuis L.
Published: May 2022

Erosion and cavitation are the life-determining wear mechanisms of water power machines. Provided that suitable surface protection measures are taken, the availability of the machines can be increased and their maintenance costs can be significantly reduced. This paper provides the evaluation of various criteria for the selection of suitable coating systems. It describes results determined experimentally and achieved in operational use in hydropower plants. The paper also provides an estimate of the achievable extension of the maintenance according to the protective measures. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Wiederverwertung aufbereiteter Schleifschlämme durch thermisches Spritzen (Re-Usage of Upgraded Grinding Muds by Thermal Spraying)
Authors: Schulz A. , Eckebrecht J. , Weber M. , Grützner H.
Published: May 2022

The waste management and practice of reuse of cooling lubricant containing grinding swarf has become a problem of rising importance due to introduction of the law of recycling economics in October 1996. Grinding swarf is a significant set of arising residual material in the metal working industry (about 250.000 t/a). The recycling of this material on the highest extent was object of researches carried out by a working group at the IWT together with the IFAM, accompanied by the Federal Environmental Agency. Target was the preparation of the solid fraction of grinding swarf for reuse as basic material in processes for powder metallurgy and thermal spraying. The produced materials were investigated for their principle applicability to technological problems. Coatings produced from grinding swarf by atmospheric plasma spraying exhibit high hardness and an increased wear resistance. Remaining difficulties are the supply with base materials of constant quality and the resulting instabilities in the coating process and quality of the coatings. Paper text in German.
New Thermal Spray Coating Solutions for Sliding Wear Under Starved Lubrication
Authors: Peters J.A. , Straub W. , Dorfman M. , Nicoll A.R.
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the development of novel engineered surfaces based on thermal spray coatings for sliding wear resistance under conditions of high loading and starved lubrication. As specific examples, piston ring elements for internal combustion engines and radial bearings for medium-lubricated pumps are discussed. The properties of two coatings, SUME SOL 220 and SUME SOL 320, are compared with existing materials and coatings. It was found that SUME SOL 220 exhibited excellent sliding wear resistance under boundary (oil) lubrication. As a consequence, they are considered as attractive candidates for piston ring applications in heavy duty engines. For more corrosive applications, such as encountered in sea water environments, the SUME SOL 320 coating exhibited superior combinations of sliding wear and corrosion resistance. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Adhesion Improvement of Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatings on Steel Through Boronizing
Authors: Brožek V. , Dufek V. , Neufuss K.
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a novel application of OF-boride layers on steel surfaces. The plasma-sprayed boron carbide powder on steel was diffusion annealed to form a suitable iron-hemiboride intermediate layer with a coefficient of thermal expansion between the coefficients for the steels used and ceramic coatings to create. In the next step, this system was completed with a second plasma-sprayed layer on aluminum oxide o zirconium oxide. The adhesion of these samples was checked after dynamic loading as a result of alternating thermal loads at 600, 800, 1000 or 1200 deg C. The resulting values were compared both with the adhesion values of the same ceramic coatings on steel without a boride intermediate layer and with the adhesion values of these ceramic coatings on steel that were borated according to the classic method in a boron carbide pack with activators. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Residual Stresses in Plasma Sprayed Alumina and Chromia Coatings and Their Effect on Wear
Authors: Ahmaniemi S. , Knuuttila J. , Mäntylä T.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, different aluminum phosphate sealing treatment temperatures and substrate preheating temperatures are used to produce different coating properties. X -ray residual stress analyzer is used as a NDT inspection method to find out undesired coating defects. The wear properties of plasma-sprayed aluminum oxide and chromium oxide coatings are studied as a function of spray parameters and post-treatments. The residual stress states are associated with other coating properties such as dry wear resistance. Hardness and porosity as well as microstructure compared. The aim of this paper is to find connections between residual stresses and other coating properties. It was observed that there is good correlation between stress state, abrasion resistance and sealing treatment temperature when considering chromia coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Nachbehandlung thermisch gespritzter Schichten auf Magnesiumwerkstoffen (Post-Treatment of Coatings Plasma-Sprayed Onto Magnesium Alloys)
Authors: Wielage B. , Fleischer K. , Zenker R. , Schammer S.
Published: May 2022

In this paper results of the alloying of magnesium materials by a combination of thermal spraying and a subsequent electron beam surface technology are presented. The objective is to improve the wear resistance of magnesium alloys. Aluminium and copper were chosen as the alloying material. These metals can form hard intermetallic compounds with magnesium, such as MgAl2 or Mg2Cu. The vacuum plasma spraying is well suited for the deposition of these additives because of the prevention of their oxidation. Besides, the EB technology take place under vacuum conditions, and the reactions between magnesium and oxygen are prevented. Paper text in German.
Fabrication of Ti-Nitrides by Reactive Plasma Spray
Authors: Suzuki M. , Sodeoka S. , Inoue T. , Ueno K. , Valente T.
Published: May 2022

Reactive plasma spray is a processing method which combines synthesis and deposition of reaction products in situ. This paper evaluates the effects of the chamber gas pressure, the plasma gas composition and the spray distance on the production of titanium nitrides by means of reactive plasma spraying. It describes and discusses the results obtained from experimental tests for fabrication of titanium/titanium nitride coatings onto steel substrates, with particular reference to the effects of pressure inside the spraying chamber. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermal Spraying of Titanium Carbide Composite Materials
Authors: Wielage B. , Steinhäuser S. , Schnick T. , Hofmann U. , Ilyuschenko A. , Azarova T.
Published: May 2022

Thermal spraying of composite materials is an effective method for surface protection against wear and corrosive attacks. There are different possibilities to produce composite-materials for thermal spray applications. The self-propagating-high- temperature-synthesis (SHS) is a very promising method to obtain fine carbide particles homogeneously distributed in a metal matrix. In the present investigation TiC-based composite materials were applied to steel substrate samples by thermal spraying. The coating characteristics were determined by the use of different investigation methods. The results of the wear test show the great potential for industrial application. Further progress is expected from the optimisation of the thermal spray processes and the compounds composition. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Long-Term Stability of Plasma Spraying: Study on the Evolution of the In-Flight Particle State, Coating Microstructure, Voltage and Acoustic Signatures
Authors: Leblanc L. , Moreau C. , Gougeon P. , Xi J.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, two long-term experiments are conducted in order to investigate the evolution of the arc root fluctuations and the evolution of the in-flight particle state during plasma spraying. Voltage as well as the acoustic fluctuations measured at three different angles are characterized while particle state was monitored using an optical integrated system, the DPV2000. A detailed study of the evolution of the gun power, in-flight particle state (temperature, velocity, diameter, particle flux) and coating microstructure is was carried out. Results showed that the microstructure of the deposited coating significantly changed during the forty-hour spraying period. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
The Thin Layer Activation (TLA) Technique for the Solution of Wear Problems in Coating Industry
Authors: Lacroix O. , Bertini S. , Scrivani A. , Sauvage T. , Bardi U.
Published: May 2022

A reliable measuring tool of surface degradation can therefore result in substantial savings in time and money for the development of machine components, lubricants, wear resistant coatings, surface treatments process, and for the control/optimization of components life time during production sites maintenance. For this purpose, Thin Layer Activation (TLA) has much to offer since it makes possible to monitor in situ very small surface material losses under real operating conditions, often without the need of dismantling the working equipment. In this paper, an overview of the TLA technology is presented, which enables wear to be measured under real operating conditions by monitoring the loss of substance caused by surface degradation. It emphasizes the benefits that this technique can bring through already tested applications in the automotive, energy, and machinery industry. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von thermisch gespritzten Schichten durch Puls-Thermographie (Non-Destructive Testing of Thermal Sprayed Coatings by Pulsed Infrared Technique)
Authors: Dvorak M. , Rupp A. , Florin C.
Published: May 2022

Infrared techniques are well introduced in industry for several types of inspections. For non-destructive testing of thermal sprayed layers they couldn't be applied very successfully due to the limited resolution. Although, new developed and very fast infrared sensors combined with a miniaturised cooling system (like Stirling motors) allowing today the development of a new generation of portable infrared systems for non-destructive and fast testing of sprayed layers on large surfaces. This paper reports on results got with a first prototype of such a new designed infrared camera. It will be demonstrated that it is possible to prove coatings quality on large machine components independent of the material combination. The inspection speed is several times faster than the time used for spraying. Coating thickness measurements as well as defects like cracks or areas of bad bonding can be done with a resolution down several micrometers. Even differences in coatings quality are possible to identify, as for example the level of dilution of carbides of HVOF sprayed WC-Co coatings. Paper text in German.
Scratch Testing of Ceramic Plasma-Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Erickson L.C. , Hawthorne H.M. , Troczynski T.
Published: May 2022

Plasma sprayed (PS) ceramic coatings have found widespread commercial use, particularly for wear resistant surfaces. Understanding of the micromechanical basis of macroscopic weight loss through wear is very important for the development of improved coatings and better uses for existing coatings. This paper aims to elucidate the wear mechanisms that occur when a PS ceramic coating is in sliding contact with a harder asperity, using controlled scratch testing as a model abrasion test. It attempts to relate the scratch test results to the microstructural integrity, or cohesion, of the various coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Schnellthermoanalyse von Spritzpulvern (Fast Thermal Analysis of Powders for Thermal Spraying)
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Stoll P. , Duda T. , Bruns C.
Published: May 2022

A high speed thermoanalytical method has been developed to determine the thermophysical properties of the powders used in thermal spraying. This method is based on heating the powder by means of an electron- or photon-beam in vessels made of materials with excellent heat conductivity. By comparing heating and melting behavior of powders with similar composition but different particle sizes and shapes, their properties can be determined. The suggested high speed thermoanalytical method makes it possible to investigate the heating and melting behavior of spray powders under high speed heating conditions. The results of the experiments, elaborated by this method can be used for further modeling work. Paper text in German.
Qualitätssicherung in deutschen Spritzbetrieben – Erfahrungen aus Sicht eines Auditors und eines Spritzbetriebes (Quality Assurance in German Thermal Spray Shops – Experiences from the Point of View of a Certifying Agency and a Thermal Spray Shop)
Authors: Böhme D. , Huber R. , Ohliger A. , Schumacher A.L.
Published: May 2022

Meanwhile thermal spray shops may apply a comprehensive works of application and qualification standards, e.g. in the case of building up a spray shop, qualifying thermal spraying personnel, defining requirements for spraying constructions or parts and testing thermally sprayed coatings. High and reproducible quality of products and services are required by the customer. Concerning national and international competition, also pressure on prices by keeping high and reproducible quality of the sprayed coatings will be in store for spray companies. In the following, actual quality management and personnel qualifying standards are described, which are now available. Experiences of a certifying institution and a spray company made by installing a QM- System and certifying audit may serve to orientation for those who will aim at QM certification. Paper text in German.
Characterisation of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings for Advanced Industrial Applications
Authors: Gutema T. , Bracali P. , Groppetti R. , Bertini S. , Scrivani A.
Published: May 2022

Zirconia and Hydroxyapatite obtained by means of Plasma Spray deposition process are candidate coating materials for use in advanced industrial applications as in wear resistance and thermal barrier coatings and biomedical applications respectively. This paper deals with the test methodology for the analysis or evaluation of some physical and mechanical properties of zirconium oxide and hydroxyapatite coatings that have been applied by vacuum plasma spraying. Results of quantitative tests are presented based on the measurement of thickness, coating/substrate interface condition, porosity, coating microstructure, surface topography and microhardness. The main phases of the experiments, the choice of instruments and their application domain, the test methodology and procedure, specimen preparation and test conditions are discussed as applied to test cases. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Sicherheitsaspekte im TS-Anlagenbau (Safety Aspects in Designing TS-Equipment)
Authors: Nassenstein K. , Kill S.
Published: May 2022

The EC Machine Directive entails consequences in correlation for mechanical engineering in general with regarding the safety for people and for the environment. A few components which should be taken into consideration for the safe operation of thermal-spraying installations are explained in the contribution. The technical functioning and working modes of gas warning sensors, return protective devices and a programmable controller as a possible safety device are described. The objective is to awaken a certain degree of sensitisation on the part of the practice-oriented user to indispensable safety components in modern spraying-installation technology. Paper text in German.
Spray Gun Influence on the Oxidation of TiC+Ni-Ti Based Powders During HVOF Spraying
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , Sánchez J. , de Paco J.M.
Published: May 2022

TiC-based coatings have proven to be very suitable candidates in various areas of thermal spraying when high corrosion and wear resistance is required. The most important advantages of these coatings are their high corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings such as WC+Co and WC+Co+Cr, but also their low density. However, the main problem with HVOF spraying these materials is their high reactivity with the oxygen necessary for the flame. In this paper, Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis-TiC+Ni-Ti base powder are processed with two different spray guns (Diamond Jet Hybrid (DJH) and CDS 100). This allows to compare the properties of the resultant coatings (wear and corrosion mainly) as a consequence of the main advantages of each variable (gun and gas) particularly in relation to the oxidation processes. It is observed that DJH coatings showed the best corrosion resistance whilst CDS coatings showed a corrosion potential closer to the steel value. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Experimental Validation of a Curvilinear Nozzle Design for Improved DC Plasma Spraying
Authors: Thomson I. , Pershin V. , Mostaghimi J. , Chandra S.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the experimental validation of a curvilinear novel nozzle design. Their effect on the speed and temperature of the particles in flight, on the porosity and adhesive force of the coatings is measured and compared with conventional conical nozzle devices. The nozzle testing is performed using a Miller SG100 dc plasma torch. It is observed that the curvilinear nozzle produced denser and more uniform coatings with lower porosity and higher adhesive force. This could be achieved by increasing the flight temperature of the particles and ensuring more complete melting of the particles. The velocity profile of the particles on the substrate remained unchanged. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
HVOF-gespritzte Schichten in Wasserkraftanlagen; Herstellung, Prüfung und Erfahrungen (HVOF-Sprayed Coatings for Hydroelectrics: Process, Testing And Experiences)
Authors: Brandt O.C. , Siegmann S. , Hitzek R.
Published: May 2022

In the present project, the widest possible variety of coats applied by means of high-speed flame spraying are investigated with regard to their applicability to components of hydroelectric power stations. The investigations concentrate on protective coats for the wear surfaces of turbine wheels and various guide vanes. The structural shapes and specific features of different turbine wheels, forms of wear phenomena and their causes as well as experience with different materials and coatings are described. The resulting planning and stipulation of suitable testing conditions for the targeted investigations with high-speed flame- sprayed coats are also described. Paper text in German.
Modeling, Simulating and Optimizing the Robotized Plasma Deposition: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Montillet D. , Dombre E. , Valentin P. , Goubot J.M.
Published: May 2022

Features and computation power available in CAD systems allow modeling of manufacturing processes to a certain extent. This paper deals with the simulation and optimization of the final coating by plasma spraying. Experimental confirmation of the model is described in and simulation results are presented. Although a number of questions regarding the formation of the coating remain in some critical cases, the results show that simple models provide a sufficient approximation of the simulated plot for off-line robot programming. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Optical Diagnostics of Heterogeneous Gas-Flame and Plasma Jets
Authors: Chivel Y.A. , Kostyukevich E.A. , Min’ko L.Y. , Ivashko V.S. , Okovityj V.A. , Kletsko V.V.
Published: May 2022

Technology of gas-thermal deposition has to be based on precise knowledge of all the physical and chemical processes wherein particles of deposited material take part, beginning from their injection into the high-temperature jet and to the moment they are completely cooled down on the surface to be covered by a coating. This paper presents some results of investigations of heterogeneous jets loaded with powder materials at a gas-flame and plasma deposition of coatings using optical methods of recording various phase parameters, including pulse interferometry with field visualization. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Duplex Thermal Barrier Coatings for Cryogenic High-Performance Rocket Combustion Chambers
Authors: VIcek J. , Huber H. , Beyer S. , Neuner F. , Voggenreiter H.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a coating system for a thermal barrier, consisting of a CoNiCrAlY adhesive layer (HVOF) and a zirconium dioxide top layer (APS), is optimized with the help of particle diagnostics. The paper describes the optimization approach for a thermal barrier coating system with the aid of particle diagnostics and considering the results of the hot tests carried out within the scope of TEKAN on the DLR technology test stand P8 in Lampoldshausen. The objective is to engineer a thermal protective coating in a duplex setup for a cryogenic rocket engine and its heat flow densities of approximately 80-90 MW/meter square. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Weiterentwickelte Gebrauchseigenschaften an Wärmedämmschichten (Enhanced Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings)
Authors: Cosack T. , Bayer E.
Published: May 2022

The application of thermal barrier coatings is increasing in aeroengines. The service life of turbine components could be improved by optimized structures of the zirconia top coating. The thermal barrier coatings on turbine blades were tested in a hot gas thermal shock test. Up to 6500 thermal cycles until first spallation a plasma sprayed ceramic thermal barrier coatings can be very well compared with the service life of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings with 8000 - 9000 thermal cycles until first spallation. Paper text in German.
Comparison of TBC Coatings Obtained by Conventional and High Velocity Plasma Spraying
Authors: Goubot N. , Dhers J. , Ducos M.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the comparison of a TBC coating obtained by a conventional and a high power plasma system. It aims to analyze the benefits of the Plazjet in terms of high productivity and high quality. The first part of this paper consists of a technical review of the spraying torches: a classical 40 kW APS is compared with the 250 kW HPPS Plazjet. The second part consists of a description of the spraying tests conditions: material substrate, powders, and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the coatings. An additional study of the economic features is conducted to analyze the industrial point of view. Paper includes a German-language abstract.