bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tapping into the green potential: The power of artificial intelligence adoption in corporate green innovation drive
Authors: Hussain Murtaza , Yang Shaohua , Maqsood Umer Sahil , Zahid R. M. Ammar
Published: February 2024

In response to growing environmental challenges, there is an urgent need to understand how corporations can leverage new technologies to boost sustainability and eco‐innovation. This study addresses this need by investigating Artificial Intelligence adoption (AIA) influence on green innovation (greenovation) performance among Chinese firms as China's expanding digital economy and severe ecological pressures make it unique study context. Specifically, panel data on 8722 firm‐year observations from Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2017 is analyzed to test the relationship. The main findings show that higher AIA is associated with increased greenovation, measured through green patents. This positive effect is more pronounced among privately‐owned enterprises versus state‐owned enterprises. Additionally, financial analysts are found to strengthen the AI‐greennovation link through information dissemination and scrutiny. Importantly, the study findings are robust and validated through a battery of tests, including change regression, instrumental variable methods, propensity score match (PSM), and sysGMM. Overall, this study provides novel empirical evidence that AI holds promise as an enabler of corporate eco‐innovation. The findings have crucial implications for research and practice regarding leveraging digital technologies for sustainability, especially in emerging economies like China that is undergoing rapid technological change.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: Pathologic response rates but not tumor size, has an independent prognostic impact on survival
Authors: Houvenaeghel Gilles , de Nonneville Alexandre , Cohen Monique , Sabiani Laura , Buttarelli Max , Charaffe Emmanuelle , Jalaguier Aurélie , Bannier Marie , Tallet Agnès , Viret Frédéric , Gonçalves Anthony
Published: February 2024

Aim

We investigated the pathologic complete response rates (pCR) and survival outcomes of early breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) over 14 years at a French comprehensive cancer center and reported pCR and survival outcomes by tumor subtypes and size.

Methods

From January 2005 to December 2018, 1150 patients receiving NAC were identified. Correlations between cT stage, breast tumor response, axillary lymph node response, pCR, surgery, and outcomes were assessed. pCR was defined as (ypT0/ypTis) and (ypN0/pN0sn).

Results

A pCR was reached in 31.7% (365/1150) of patients and was strongly associated with tumor subtypes, but not with tumor size (pretreatment cT category). Luminal‐B Her2‐negative and triple‐negative (TN) subtypes, cN1 status, older age, and no‐pCR had an independent negative prognostic value. Overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), and metastasis‐free survival (MFS) were not significantly different for cT0‐1 compared to cT2 stages. In Cox‐model adjusted on in‐breast pCR and pN status, ypN1 had a strong negative impact (OS, RFS, and MFS: HR = 3.153, 4.677, and 6.133, respectively), higher than no in‐breast pCR (HR = 2.369, 2.252, and 2.323). A negative impact of no pCR on OS was observed for cN0 patients and TN tumors (HR = 4.972) or HER2‐positive tumors (HR = 11.706), as well as in Luminal‐B Her2‐negative tumors on MFS (HR = 2.223) and for Luminal‐A on RFS (HR = 4.465) and MFS (HR = 4.185).

Conclusion

Achievement of pCR, but not tumor size (pretreatment cT category), has an independent prognostic impact on survival. These results suggest potential NAC benefits in patients with small tumors (<2 cm), even in absence of clinically suspicious lymph nodes. Residual lymph node disease after NAC is the most powerful adverse prognostic factor.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces HFD‐induced obesity by enhancing BAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning via the CD36–AMPK pathway
Authors: Zhang Fenglin , Fu Yiming , Wang Junfeng , Li Fan , Lang Limin , Zhu Xiaotong , Wang Lina , Gao Ping , Shu Gang , Zhu Canjun , Jiang Qingyan , Wang Songbo
Published: February 2024

The antiobesity effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CLA on thermogenesis of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and browning of inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT) and explore the possible signaling pathway. The in vivo results showed that CLA enhanced the O2 consumption and heat production in HFD (high‐fat diet)‐fed female mice by roughly 38%. Meanwhile, CLA increased the average iBAT temperature by 2°C at the room temperature and cold exposure, respectively. Correspondingly, CLA caused 1.6‐ and 2.4‐fold increases in the expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) of BAT and iWAT, respectively, suggesting the activated iBAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning in HFD‐fed female mice. Meanwhile, CLA could promote the formation of brown and beige adipocytes in differentiated stromal vascular cells (SVCs) isolated from iBAT and iWAT (the expressions of UCP1 were promoted by about twofold changes). In possible mechanisms, CLA stimulated the expression of CD36 and the activation of the AMPK pathway in mice iBAT and iWAT as well as the differentiated SVCs. However, inhibition of CD36 and AMPK (adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase) abolished the promotive effects of CLA on brown and beige adipocytes formation. Hence, we showed that CLA reduced HFD‐induced obesity through enhancing iBAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning via the  CD36–AMPK pathway.
Conus medullaris neuroschistosomiasis mimicking Guillain–Barre syndrome: A case of delayed diagnosis leading to permanent neurological damage
Authors: Aljuma'ai Nabil , Ghabisha Saif A. , Ahmed Faisal , Al‐Mwald Taha , Almohtadi Abdullatif , Badheeb Mohamed
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

In the evaluation of acute flaccid paralysis, particularly in pediatric populations within endemic areas for schistosomiasis infection, clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for neuroschistosomiasis. Prompt identification is imperative to mitigate the risk of irreversible neurological sequelae.

Spinal cord involvement in neuroschistosomiasis (NS) is considerably rare, with even fewer reported cases affecting the conus medullaris in children. While NS's neurological sequelae are typically thought to be reversible, delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to permanent deficits. We report a case of a 9‐year‐old boy who presented with 3 weeks of progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness. A spinal MRI showed patchy gadolinium enhancement in an expanded conus medullaris, leading to a presumed diagnosis of Guillain–Barre syndrome, and the patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. However, the lack of improvement necessitated surgical laminectomy. The post‐operative histopathological examination confirmed the presence of a schistosomal parasite. Despite initiating therapy with corticosteroid and praziquantel, the patient did not exhibit clinical improvement, resulting in persistent flaccid paralysis, bladder, and bowel incontinence. In conclusion, spinal NS should be considered in patients presenting with myeloradicular symptoms in regions endemic for schistosomal infection, as delayed recognition can result in irreversible outcomes.
Co‐occurrence of Guillain–Barre syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis in a young female: A case report from a low middle‐income country
Authors: Nazir Zainab , Habib Ashna , Ali Tooba , Shafiq Khan Kiran , Abbas Jaffri Samar , Haque Md Ariful
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

We present the case of an adult female who had rheumatoid arthritis at first but later tested positive for Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). In symptomatic GBS patients (related to large joints), physicians (and therapists) should consider rheumatoid arthritis when risk factors are present.

The co‐existence of GBS and other autoimmune disorders is uncommon. We present the case of an adult female who had rheumatoid arthritis at first but later tested positive for GBS. Further details are provided regarding the interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapy strategy that led to the patient's complete recovery. An adult female patient with rheumatoid arthritis presented with progressive weakness in her lower limbs, affecting her arm and causing numbness in her left hand and bilateral lower limbs. She has not passed stool for the last 2 days and has experienced gastroenteritis with watery, profuse diarrhea. On admission, the patient was awake, alert, and able to communicate. She had a thorough history of vital signs, with no signs of dehydration, jaundice, pallor, or edema. The patient's lower limbs were hypotonic and her upper limbs were normal. She experienced loss of sensation in her lower limbs, vibration, and proprioception. The patient's EMG‐NCS report indicated sensory and motor axonal neuropathy (AMSAN variant). Plasmapheresis sessions were finished in our patient, and a very good result was achieved. In symptomatic GBS patients (related to large joints), physicians (and therapists) should consider rheumatoid arthritis when risk factors are present. Appropriate clinical treatment, which includes prompt evaluation of alternate diagnoses in the case of therapeutic failure, can improve patient outcomes.
Gastric outlet obstruction due to an intragastric balloon in a patient returning from the Caribbean
Authors: Martins Maria Florencia , De la Hoz Gomez Alejandro , Manivannan Alan , Shapira‐Daniels Ayelet , Campbell Reardon Christine Lee
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Gastric outlet obstruction can be a dangerous complication of intragastric balloons, as it can result in severe metabolic alkalosis. As weight loss procedures and medical tourism become more popular, physicians should have a high index of suspicion for complications of invasive procedures, particularly in returning travelers.

Intragastric balloons for weight loss have decreased in frequency in the United States. However, they are still frequent in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Severe complications occur in less than 3% of patients who undergo this procedure. Herein, we present a case of gastric outlet obstruction, severe metabolic alkalosis, and refeeding syndrome in a patient returning from the Dominican Republic. She presented with 2 weeks of emesis and obstipation, followed by a pre‐syncope and altered mental status. An intragastric mass was observed on computerized tomography, which was characterized as an intragastric balloon and retrieved endoscopically. All metabolic derangements were corrected, and the patient improved without sequelae. As weight loss procedures and medical tourism become more popular, physicians should have a high index of suspicion for complications of invasive procedures, particularly in returning travelers.
A new fluorocarbon adhesive: Inhibiting agglomeration during combustion of propellant via efficient F–Al2O3 preignition reaction
Authors: Yao Qifa , Xia Min , Wang Chao , Yang Fanzhi , Yang Wei , Luo Yunjun
Published: February 2024

Inhibiting the agglomeration of molten aluminum particles packed in the binder network is a promising scheme to achieve efficient combustion of solid propellants. In this investigation, the hydroxyl‐terminated structured fluorinated alcohol compound (PFD) was introduced to modify the traditional polyethylene glycol/polytetrahydrofuran block copolymerization (HTPE) binder; that is, a unique fluorinated polyether (FTPE) binder was synthesized by embedding fluorinated organic segments into the HTPE binder via crosslinking curing. The FTPE was applied in aluminum‐based propellants for the first time. Due to the complete release of fluorinated organic active segments in the range of 300°C to 400°C, the burning rate of FTPE‐based propellant increased from 4.07 (0% PFD) to 6.36 mm/s (5% PFD), increased by 56.27% under 1 MPa. The reaction heat of FTPE propellants increased from 5.95 (0% PFD) to 7.18 MJ/kg (5% PFD) under 3.0 MPa, indicating that HTPE binder modified with PFD would be conducive to inhibiting the D90 of condensed combustion products (CCPs) dropped by 81.84% from 75.46 (0% PFD) to 13.71 μm (5% PFD) under 3.0 MPa, in consistent with the significant reduction of aluminum agglomerates observed on the quenched burning surface of the propellants. Those results demonstrated that a novel FTPE binder with PFD can release fluorinated organic active segments, which motivate preignition reaction with the alumina shell in the early stage of aluminum combustion, and then enhance the melting diffusion effect of aluminum to inhibit the agglomeration.
Tractable Quinolone Hydrazides Exhibiting Sub‐Micromolar and Broad Spectrum Antitrypanosomal Activities
Authors: Chirwa Kgothatso A. , Francisco Karol R. , Dube Phelelisiwe S. , Park Hayoung , Legoabe Lesetja J. , Teixeira Thaiz Rodrigues , Caffrey Conor R. , Beteck Richard M.
Published: February 2024

Nagana and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), caused by (sub)species of Trypanosoma, are diseases that impede human and animal health, and economic growth in Africa. The few drugs available have drawbacks including suboptimal efficacy, adverse effects, drug resistance, and difficult routes of administration. New drugs are needed. A series of 20 novel quinolone compounds with affordable synthetic routes was made and evaluated in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei and HEK293 cells. Of the 20 compounds, 12 had sub‐micromolar potencies against the parasite (EC50 values=0.051–0.57 μM), and most were non‐toxic to HEK293 cells (CC50 values>5 μM). Two of the most potent compounds presented sub‐micromolar activities against other trypanosome (sub)species (T. cruzi and T. b. rhodesiense). Although aqueous solubility is poor, both compounds possess good logD values (2–3), and either robust or poor microsomal stability profiles. These varying attributes will be addressed in future reports.
Beyond Population‐Level Targets for Drug Concentrations: Precision Dosing Needs Individual‐Level Targets that Include Superior Biomarkers of Drug Responses
Authors: Polasek Thomas M. , Peck Richard W.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of precision dosing is to increase the chances of therapeutic success in individual patients. This is achieved in practice by adjusting doses to reach precision dosing targets determined previously in relevant populations, ideally with robust supportive evidence showing improved clinical outcomes compared with standard dosing. But is this implicit assumption of translatable population‐level precision dosing targets correct and the best for all patients? In this review, the types of precision dosing targets and how they are determined are outlined, problems with the translatability of these targets to individual patients are identified, and ways forward to address these challengers are proposed. Achieving improved clinical outcomes to support precision dosing over standard dosing is currently hampered by applying population‐level targets to all patients. Just as “one‐dose‐fits‐all” may be an inappropriate philosophy for drug treatment overall, a “one‐target‐fits‐all” philosophy may limit the broad clinical benefits of precision dosing. Defining individual‐level precision dosing targets may be needed for greatest therapeutic success. Superior future precision dosing targets will integrate several biomarkers that together account for the multiple sources of drug response variability.
Grain quality deterioration of hybrid rice is associated with alterations in physicochemical and structural properties of starch under saline conditions
Authors: Jin Wenyu , Wei Zhongwei , Li Lin , Ashraf Umair , He Wenli , Zhang Yuzhu , Qi Shaowu
Published: February 2024

Saline water could affect the structural and physicochemical properties of starch and rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality. In the present study, two high‐quality hybrid rice varieties, that is, Y Liangyou 957 (YLY957) and Jing Liangyou 534 (JLY534), were grown in a mixture of underground and sea water having 0, 5, and 11 dS m−1 electrical conductivity (EC). The mixtures of water were applied at active tillering stage. Results showed that the application of saline water decreased the total starch and amylose content and increased the protein content, thus reduced the taste value. In addition, the B2 chain content in amylopectin increased by 3.83%–5.30% under the application of saline water, leading to delayed pasting and higher gelatinization temperature. Application of saline water also altered the relative crystallinity, which affected the surface smoothness of starch granules (increased the percentage of small and medium starch granules [d < 10 μm]). Overall, the results indicated that salt stress during the whole growth period changed the physicochemical properties and structure of starch and reduced the eating and cooking qualities.
Pericardial delta like non‐canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1) augments fibrosis in the heart through epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Jensen Charlotte Harken , Johnsen Rikke Helin , Eskildsen Tilde , Baun Christina , Ellman Ditte Gry , Fang Shu , Bak Sara Thornby , Hvidsten Svend , Larsen Lars Allan , Rosager Ann Mari , Riber Lars Peter , Schneider Mikael , De Mey Jo , Thomassen Mads , Burton Mark , Uchida Shizuka , Laborda Jorge , Andersen Ditte Caroline
Published: February 2024

Background

Heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) involves fibrosis driven by epicardium‐derived cells (EPDCs) and cardiac fibroblasts, but strategies to inhibit and provide cardio‐protection remains poor. The imprinted gene, non‐canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1), has previously been shown to mediate fibrosis in the skin, lung and liver, but very little is known on its effect in the heart.

Methods

Herein, human pericardial fluid/plasma and tissue biopsies were assessed for DLK1, whereas the spatiotemporal expression of Dlk1 was determined in mouse hearts. The Dlk1 heart phenotype in normal and MI hearts was assessed in transgenic mice either lacking or overexpressing Dlk1. Finally, in/ex vivo cell studies provided knowledge on the molecular mechanism.

Results

Dlk1 was demonstrated in non‐myocytes of the developing human myocardium but exhibited a restricted pericardial expression in adulthood. Soluble DLK1 was twofold higher in pericardial fluid (median 45.7 [34.7 (IQR)) μg/L] from cardiovascular patients (n = 127) than in plasma (median 26.1 μg/L [11.1 (IQR)]. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of Dlk1 was recapitulated in mouse and rat hearts. Similar to humans lacking Dlk1, adult Dlk1−/− mice exhibited a relatively mild developmental, although consistent cardiac phenotype with some abnormalities in heart size, shape, thorax orientation and non‐myocyte number, but were functionally normal. However, after MI, scar size was substantially reduced in Dlk1−/− hearts as compared with Dlk1+/+ littermates. In line, high levels of Dlk1 in transgenic mice Dlk1fl/flxWT1GFPCre and Dlk1fl/flxαMHCCre/+Tam increased scar size following MI. Further mechanistic and cellular insight demonstrated that pericardial Dlk1 mediates cardiac fibrosis through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the EPDC lineage by maintaining Integrin β8 (Itgb8), a major activator of transforming growth factor β and EMT.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that pericardial Dlk1 embraces a, so far, unnoticed role in the heart augmenting cardiac fibrosis through EMT. Monitoring DLK1 levels as well as targeting pericardial DLK1 may thus offer new venues for cardio‐protection.
Probing the effects of gold doping on structural, electronic and nonlinear optical properties of caged X20H20 (X=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) clusters
Authors: Zhang Yunfeng , Li Xiaojun , Lu Jun
Published: February 2024

Carbon family elements (Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) have attracted a lot of attention because of their unique structural features and potential applications in microelectronics industry. Here, the structure, chemical stability, electronic properties, and nonlinear optical properties of neutral and charged Au@X20H20 (X=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) clusters have been systematically studied using density‐functional theory calculations. Structurally, the neutral/anionic Au@X20H20 (X=Si, Ge, Sn) as well as cationic Au@Pb20H20 possess Au‐endohedral (XH)20 unit, forming fullerene‐like framework, whereas other species are Au‐doped structures with hydrogen‐bridged bond. Analysis of binding energy and HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps reveals that the charged clusters possess high chemical stabilities due to closed‐shell structures. The charge transfers from X20 cage to Au atom, and the Au atom acts as electron acceptor. The Au atom and charged states play an important role in the structural stability, and can effectively modulate the electronic properties of clusters. Interestingly, the neutral Au@X20H20 (X=Si, Sn) clusters possess large first hyperpolarizabilities, especially for Au@Sn20H20, which has remarkably giant value (~5.65×108 a. u.), and the enhanced NLO behaviors can be further explained by the TDDFT calculation. The work may provide a theoretical reference for further applications considered as novel cluster‐assembled nanomaterials.
A fair share: Effects of disparity, allocation strategy and system justification on perceptions of policy support in the education domain
Authors: Igliozzi David , Granot Yael , Ottati Victor
Published: February 2024

Utilizing experimental methods across a pilot and two studies, we explore and contrast the relationship between system‐justifying attitudes and fairness perceptions of and support for redistributive policies based on theoretical accounts of distributive justice, highlighting three allocation strategies: equality, equity and need. We began our investigation with a test across multiple policy domains (e.g., health care, education, employment) to examine broad associations between system justification and policy support. Then, we chose one specific domain – education – to narrow our focus on and designed two experimental studies to test more complex models of the interaction between system justification and the type of distributive justice on support and fairness perceptions. Results indicate that as system‐justifying attitudes increase, so does the level of support and perception of fairness of policies based on equality or equity. Conversely, there is no relationship between system justification and support or fairness when considering a need‐based policy in the education domain.
Identification of a novel SH3PXD2B::FER fusion in a case of plexiform myofibroblastic tumor and review of the literature
Authors: Vallese Silvia , Tancredi Chantal , Giovannoni Isabella , Diociaiuti Andrea , Stracuzzi Alessandra , Rossi Sabrina , Alaggio Rita , Barresi Sabina
Published: February 2024

Fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors encompass a wide spectrum of lesions. Among them, plexiform myofibroblastoma (PM) represents a rare and distinctive entity recently described as mostly occurring in children and with a favorable prognosis. Histologically, PM shows SMA, CD34, and desmin expression in most cases, while it is negative for β‐catenin and S100. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying PM tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. Herein, we describe a 7‐year‐old girl with a myofibroblastic lesion with plexiform features arising in the right deltoid region. The tumor proved positive for SMA staining, in absence of desmin, CD34, S100, and EMA expression. RNAseq analysis revealed a novel in‐frame SH3PXD2B::FER fusion gene. The FER gene encodes a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase which is implicated in several biologically aggressive tumors, where it is overexpressed and associated with EGFR recycling and stabilization. In our case, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a strong positivity for EGFR indicating an upregulation of EGFR transcription that might correlate with the novel chimeric protein involving the FER kinase domain. To our knowledge, the SH3PXD2B::FER fusion has never been reported previously. Whether the current case represents an example of a plexiform myofibroblastic tumor or a distinct tumor entity remains to be determined.
The use of customized 3D‐printed mandibular prostheses with pressure‐reducing device: A clinical trial
Authors: Chen Chun‐Feng , Chen Chun‐Ming , Huang Wei‐Chin , Liu Sung‐Ho , Wang Ling‐Lin , Liu Pei‐Feng , Chen Ping‐Ho
Published: February 2024

Background

Segmental bone defects of the mandible result in the complete loss of the affected region. We had incorporated the pressure‐reducing device (PRD) designs into the customized mandible prostheses (CMP) and conducted a clinical trial to evaluate this approach.

Methods

Seven patients were enrolled in this study. We examined the association among the history of radiotherapy, the number of CMP regions, the number of chin regions involved, and CMP exposure.

Results

We included five men and two women with an average age of 55 years. We excised tumors with an average weight of 147.8 g and the average weight of the CMP was 68.5 g. No significant difference between the two weights was noted (p = 0.3882). Three patients received temporary dentures and the CMP remained stable in all patients.

Conclusion

The use of PRD in CMP may address the previous challenges associated with CMP, but further research is necessary.
Synoptic sampling reveals spatial stability in flow and chemistry patterns despite large seasonal variability in a subarctic mountain catchment
Authors: Grewal Arsh , Carey Sean K.
Published: February 2024

Seasonality plays a critical role in cold mountain regions as variation in air temperature, ground thermal status, and precipitation phase alter the rate, timing and magnitude of hydrological and chemical transport. Additionally, cold mountain catchments can have highly variable topography, geology, permafrost, and landcover, which intrinsically add to this irregularity. Understanding how external and internal variability act to control mass fluxes requires sampling at a high spatial resolution over time, which rarely occurs in cold remote regions. In this work, we conduct five snapshot sampling surveys across 34 subcatchments during the ice‐free period in Wolf Creek Research Basin (a mesoscale montane subarctic catchment) and two additional winter surveys across a subset of sites to assess the drivers of variability in stream chemistry and discharge. We sampled for specific conductance (SpC), major ions, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and used statistical metrics and Bayesian mixing analysis to quantify patterns of flow and chemistry across space and time. Our results indicate patterns in both flow and chemistry remain largely consistent across seasons for all solutes. However, there was weaker correlation of chemistry between sites, suggesting asynchronous behaviour within the catchment. There was evidence of increasing production of ions and DOC along the stream network during high spring flows but not during low flows. Although concentrations and flows exhibit high seasonality in subarctic mountains, this seasonal variability does not alter spatial patterns that arise from highly variable catchment characteristics.
Getting your money's worth: Testing the value of data for hydrological model calibration
Authors: Seibert Jan , Clerc‐Schwarzenbach Franziska M. , (Ilja) van Meerveld H. J.
Published: February 2024

Despite the big data era, observational data continue to be a limiting factor in the environmental sciences. To collect the most informative field data, studies on the value of data are essential. This article describes a model‐based approach to assess the value of data. While we discuss the approach for hydrological model calibration, the approach is applicable across the environmental sciences. The overall goal is to provide guidance on optimal data collection strategies, that is, what to measure, where, and when.
Household chaos and parenting: The effect of household chaos does not depend on sensory‐processing sensitivity and self‐regulation
Authors: Andeweg Suzanne M. , Bodrij F. Fenne , Prevoo Mariëlle J. L. , Rippe Ralph C. A. , Alink Lenneke R. A.
Published: February 2024

Previous studies have found evidence for a causal effect of household chaos on parenting and suggest that this effect may be stronger for parents with higher sensory‐processing sensitivity (SPS) or lower self‐regulation. This study investigates whether primary caregivers of children around age 1.5–2 years show greater improvement in parenting after a decrease in household chaos if parents have higher SPS or lower self‐regulation. The study employs a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with an intervention aimed at reducing household chaos. A total of 125 parents of toddlers participated in the study. All participants were living in the Netherlands at the time of the study, 89% identified with the Dutch ethnicity and 11% with a non‐Dutch ethnicity. Self‐report as well as objective measures were used, including videotaped parent‐child interactions and home observations. The effect of the intervention on parenting did not depend on SPS or self‐regulation. When studying the relation between change in measures of household chaos and posttest parenting, decreased self‐reported household chaos was related to less harsh discipline in parents with higher self‐regulation, and to more harsh discipline in parents with lower self‐regulation. However, this is a tentative finding that should be further explored in future research.
Host‐pathogen dialogues in different cell death modes during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Ruan Hongxia , Lyu Mengyuan , Lai Hongli , Niu Lu , Zhao Zhenzhen , Liu Tangyuheng , Lei Shuting , Ying Binwu
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal infectious disease that continues to pose a serious public health threat. The emergence of drug‐resistant TB has further worsened the burden of the disease. The interaction between the host and the pathogen involves multiple modes of cell death, which play a role in determining immune outcomes. Several studies have established a strong correlation between cell death and TB progression. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of various cell death modes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and how Mtb's virulence effectors regulate these pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies targeting cell death pathways have shown promising results in TB treatment. Importantly, this review highlights the significant potential of mitochondria in mediating communication between different cell death modes and influencing the final outcomes. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive summary of the role of cell death in host immune responses and immune evasion by Mtb. It also offers valuable insights into the pathogenesis of TB and immune evasion strategies employed by Mtb and contributes to the development of more effective anti‐TB therapies.
Prediction of soil moisture using machine learning techniques: A case study of an IoT‐based irrigation system in a naturally ventilated polyhouse
Authors: Challa Lakshmi Poojitha , Singh Chandra Deep , Rao Kondapalli Venkata Ramana , Subeesh Anakkallan , Srilakshmi Mandru
Published: February 2024

The agricultural sector faces a massive challenge in enhancing food production for the growing population with limited water resources. For effective and optimum utilization of fresh water, developing smart irrigation systems based on the internet of things (IoT) is essential for scheduling irrigation based on crop water requirements. In this study, an IoT‐based irrigation system was developed and evaluated inside a greenhouse located in the experimental fields of Indian Council of Agricultural Research‐Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering (ICAR‐CIAE), Bhopal, India. Data on microenvironmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, soil temperature and soil moisture were collected from the sensors developed inside the greenhouse. Soil moisture was predicted based on the field data collected via different machine learning techniques, such as the decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), multiple linear regression (MLR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods, with three input combinations. The ANN (coefficient of determination [R2] = 0.942, 0.939) models performed well but were found to be less effective than the RF (R2 = 0.991, 0.951) and XGB (R2 = 0.997, 0.941) models in the training and testing phases, respectively. The RF and XGB models outperformed the other models, while the MLR (R2 = 0.955, 0.875) technique underperformed. With respect to both the testing and training datasets, the models trained with all four inputs outperformed the models trained with two or three inputs.
Facilitators and barriers to “Positive Outcomes” from cognitive‐behavioral therapy, according to young people: A thematic synthesis
Authors: Redburn James , Hayes Ben
Published: February 2024

Objective

This qualitative review sought to explore how young people (YP) conceptualize positive outcomes from cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and what YP perceive to be the facilitators and barriers to positive outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in June 2021 using six online databases. Studies were included if qualitative data were collected from participants who were aged up to 25, had internalizing mental health difficulties, and had received in‐person CBT from trained practitioners.

Results

Nineteen studies were included. The Gough Weight of Evidence framework was used to assess methodological and topical quality and relevance. A thematic synthesis identified 34 conceptualizations of positive outcomes, 57 facilitators, and 49 barriers. Descriptive and analytical themes were identified. In line with the review's pragmatic perspective, the latter were worded as practice recommendations: acknowledge YP's perspectives on outcomes, teach tangible CBT techniques, balance autonomy and support, frame CBT as “upskilling,” explore nuanced barriers to engagement, and consider the power of group dynamics.

Conclusions

This review established the range of YP's views about positive outcomes from CBT, as well as facilitators and barriers to achieving these. Findings should prompt CBT practitioners to reflect and consider how their practice might be shaped through reports from YP as experts by experience.
RING finger E3 ligase, RNF138 inhibits osteoblast differentiation by negatively regulating Runx2 protein turnover
Authors: Upadhyay Vishal , Singh Anil Kumar , Sharma Shivani , Sethi Arppita , Srivastava Swati , Chowdhury Sangita , Siddiqui Shumaila , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Trivedi Arun Kumar
Published: February 2024

A few ubiquitin ligases have been shown to target Runx2, the key osteogenic transcription factor and thereby regulate bone formation. The regulation of Runx2 expression and function are controlled both at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Really interesting new gene (RING) finger ubiquitin ligases of which RNF138 is a member are important players in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, contributing to the regulation of protein turnover and cellular processes. Here, we demonstrated that RNF138 negatively correlated with Runx2 protein levels in osteopenic ovariectomized rats which implied its role in bone loss. Accordingly, RNF138 overexpression potently inhibited osteoblast differentiation of mesenchyme‐like C3H10T1/2 as well primary rat calvarial osteoblast (RCO) cells in vitro, whereas overexpression of catalytically inactive mutant RNF138Δ18‐58 (lacks RING finger domain) had mild to no effect. Contrarily, RNF138 depletion copiously enhanced endogenous Runx2 levels and augmented osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 as well as RCOs. Mechanistically, RNF138 physically associates within multiple regions of Runx2 and ubiquitinates it leading to its reduced protein stability in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Moreover, catalytically active RNF138 destabilized Runx2 which resulted in inhibition of its transactivation potential and physiological function of promoting osteoblast differentiation leading to bone loss. These findings underscore the functional involvement of RNF138 in bone formation which is primarily achieved through its modulation of Runx2 by stimulating ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation. Thus, our findings indicate that RNF138 could be a promising novel target for therapeutic intervention in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfectants on the biofilm formation in dental unit water systems using dip slide and conventional methods: A pilot study
Authors: Özmen Pelin , Erdoğan Hilal , Güngördü Aslıhan , Pişkin Bülent , Çobankara Funda Kont , Sütcü Serdar , Şahin Nesrin
Published: February 2024

Objective

Biofilm formation in dental waterlines brings opportunistic infections, especially for immunosuppressive patients. This study aimed to determine biofilm‐forming microorganisms by various methods and investigate disinfectants' effects on biofilm.

Materials & Methods

In the study, samples were obtained from the waterlines of 10–15 aged six dental units, before (0 min.) and after chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) treatment (1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min.), and total colony counts were performed using conventional surface smear method (SSM) and dip slide method (DSM). The Congo red agar and Christensen methods were used to examine the biofilm‐forming properties of the isolates. Monitoring of biofilm presence was also visualized by SEM scanning.

Results

When DSM and SSM are compared in all units where ClO2 and HOCl are applied, DSM can detect bacterial growth even during periods of greater exposure to disinfectant application. Although DSM can achieve a value approaching 3% even at the 10th minute in units treated with HOCl; SSM does not show reproduction at the same disinfectant exposure and duration; It was observed that in the units where ClO2 was applied, the growth was no longer observed at the 10th minute with DSM, and SSM, 50% growth in the first minute of the units treated with ClO2 could not be detected in the 5th minute.

Conclusions

It is concluded that it can be advisable to routinely disinfect the dental unit water systems with non‐toxic doses of ClO2 application before patient treatments in clinics and also to perform contamination controls at regular intervals with DSM, which is a sensitive and very practical method.

Research highlights

It has been observed that the dip slide method can count bacteria more sensitively than conventional methods in dental water systems without the need for experienced personnel and equipment.

The difference between biofilm formation in water systems before and after disinfectant exposure in SEM examinations is remarkable.

The effects of ClO2 and HOCl on biofilm were investigated and bacterial growth was inhibited in dental units between 5 and 10 minutes with both disinfectants.
A note on the width of sparse random graphs
Authors: Do Tuan Anh , Erde Joshua , Kang Mihyun
Published: February 2024

In this note, we consider the width of a supercritical random graph according to some commonly studied width measures. We give short, direct proofs of results of Lee, Lee and Oum, and of Perarnau and Serra, on the rank‐ and tree‐width of the random graph when for constant. Our proofs avoid the use of black box results on the expansion properties of the giant component in this regime, and so as a further benefit we obtain explicit bounds on the dependence of these results on . Finally, we also consider the width of the random graph in the weakly supercritical regime, where and . In this regime, we determine, up to a constant multiplicative factor, the rank‐ and tree‐width of as a function of and .
A comprehensive investigation of three long‐term precipitation datasets: Which performs better in the Yellow River basin?
Authors: Huang Ruochen , Yong Bin , Huang Fan , Wu Hao , Shen Zhehui , Qian Da
Published: February 2024

The fifth generation European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis on global land surface (ERA5‐Land), the Multi‐Source Weighted‐Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), and the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) are three representative precipitation estimates with quasi‐global coverage, high‐resolution and long‐term record. This study concentrates on investigating, for the first time, the long‐term spatiotemporal accuracy and regional applicability of these precipitation estimates at a daily scale in the Yellow River basin (YRB) using 39 complete years of data record (1981–2019), with a special focus on their capability on monitoring the extreme precipitation events with short duration and the continuous heavy precipitation events. Results indicate that MSWEP generally performs better than ERA5‐Land and CHIRPS in almost all seasons and subregions, with the highest Pearson correlation coefficient and critical success index, lowest root mean square error and false alarm ratio. ERA5‐Land presents a severe overestimation of precipitation amount, particularly in the plateau climate region (BIAS = 52.27%), but well reflects its spatial–temporal patterns in the YRB. As for the detecting capability, MSWEP shows the best accuracy in detecting extreme precipitation, particularly in maximum consecutive 5‐day precipitation (RX5day). The MSWEP better represents the spatial distribution of maximum 1‐day precipitation and maximum consecutive 5‐day precipitation in the YRB, but it shows a significant overestimation in zone Southern Qinghai. MSWEP and CHIRPS have better performance of temporal variation consistency in annual precipitation with ground reference than ERA5‐Land, while ERA5‐Land performs well in capturing extreme precipitation temporal variation, especially for continuous heavy precipitation events. This study can provide useful guidance when choosing long‐term precipitation products for hydrometeorological applications and climate‐related studies in the YRB.
Footprint of publication selection bias on meta‐analyses in medicine, environmental sciences, psychology, and economics
Authors: Bartoš František , Maier Maximilian , Wagenmakers Eric‐Jan , Nippold Franziska , Doucouliagos Hristos , Ioannidis John P. A. , Otte Willem M. , Sladekova Martina , Deresssa Teshome K. , Bruns Stephan B. , Fanelli Daniele , Stanley T. D.
Published: February 2024

Publication selection bias undermines the systematic accumulation of evidence. To assess the extent of this problem, we survey over 68,000 meta‐analyses containing over 700,000 effect size estimates from medicine (67,386/597,699), environmental sciences (199/12,707), psychology (605/23,563), and economics (327/91,421). Our results indicate that meta‐analyses in economics are the most severely contaminated by publication selection bias, closely followed by meta‐analyses in environmental sciences and psychology, whereas meta‐analyses in medicine are contaminated the least. After adjusting for publication selection bias, the median probability of the presence of an effect decreased from 99.9% to 29.7% in economics, from 98.9% to 55.7% in psychology, from 99.8% to 70.7% in environmental sciences, and from 38.0% to 29.7% in medicine. The median absolute effect sizes (in terms of standardized mean differences) decreased from d = 0.20 to d = 0.07 in economics, from d = 0.37 to d = 0.26 in psychology, from d = 0.62 to d = 0.43 in environmental sciences, and from d = 0.24 to d = 0.13 in medicine.
Self‐Healing Hydrogel Containing Decellularized Liver Matrix and Endothelial Cell‐Covered Hepatocyte Spheroids for Rescue of Injured Hepatocytes
Authors: Chou Xin‐Yu , Cheng Kai‐Yi , Yin Wei‐Rong , Cheng Tzong‐Jih , Chen Richie L. C. , Hsu Shan‐hui , Hou Yung‐Te
Published: February 2024

Liver fibrosis occurs in many chronic liver diseases, while severe fibrosis can lead to liver failure. A chitosan‐phenol based self‐healing hydrogel (CP) integrated with decellularized liver matrix (DLM) is proposed in this study as a 3D gel matrix to carry hepatocytes for possible therapy of liver fibrosis. To mimic the physiological liver microenvironment, DLM is extracted from pigs and mixed with CP hydrogel to generate DLM‐CP self‐healing hydrogel. Hepatocyte spheroids coated with endothelial cells (ECs) are fabricated using a customized method and embedded in the hydrogel. Hepatocytes injured by exposure to CCl4‐containing medium are used as the in vitro toxin‐mediated liver fibrosis model, where the EC‐covered hepatocyte spheroids embedded in the hydrogel are co‐cultured with the injured hepatocytes. The urea synthesis of the injured hepatocytes reaches 91% of the normal level after 7 days of co‐culture, indicating that the hepatic function of injured hepatocytes is rescued by the hybrid spheroid‐laden DLM‐CP hydrogel. Moreover, the relative lactate dehydrogenase activity of the injured hepatocytes is decreased 49% by the hybrid spheroid‐laden DLM‐CP hydrogel after 7 days of co‐culture, suggesting reduced damage in the injured hepatocytes. The combination of hepatocyte/EC hybrid spheroids and DLM‐CP hydrogel presents a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis.
How brand gender affects consumer preference for sweet food: The role of the association between gender and taste
Authors: Ding Ying , Liu Yanzheng , Xu Sunxu
Published: February 2024

Although previous studies have provided some exploratory evidence of the gender‐taste association, empirical evidence on the causal relationships and downstream consequences of such an association in the consumer behavior domain is still lacking. To address this gap, the present research empirically documents the association between gender and taste, and explores the spillover effect of brand gender on consumer preference for sweet food. Across four studies, we demonstrate that feminine and sweet are cognitively associated (Study 1), and accordingly, products launched by a feminine brand are perceived to be sweeter than those launched by a masculine brand (Study 2). Furthermore, a feminine (vs. masculine) brand leads to a higher preference for its sweet (vs. unsweet) products, which is mediated by the perceived congruence between brand gender and product taste (Study 3). Finally, we identify brand type as a moderator, showing that the congruence effect between brand gender and product taste holds for traditional brands but is attenuated for innovative brands (Study 4). Our findings advance the understanding of brand gender association and its impact on consumer behavior and offer meaningful implications for market positioning and communication.
Maternal macronutrient intake effects on offspring macronutrient targets and metabolism
Authors: Freire Therese , Clark Ximonie , Pulpitel Tamara , Bell‐Anderson Kim , Ribeiro Rosilene , Raubenheimer David , Crean Angela J. , Simpson Stephen J. , Solon‐Biet Samantha M.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Exposure in utero to maternal diet can program offspring health and susceptibility to disease. Using C57BL6/JArc mice, we investigated how maternal dietary protein to carbohydrate balance influences male and female offspring appetite and metabolic health.

Methods

Dams were placed on either a low‐protein (LP) or high‐protein (HP) diet. Male and female offspring were placed on a food choice experiment post weaning and were then constrained to either a standard diet or Western diet. Food intake, body weight, and composition were measured, and various metabolic tests were performed at different timepoints.

Results

Offspring from mothers fed HP diets selected a higher protein intake and had increased body weight in early life relative to offspring from LP diet‐fed dams. As predicted by protein leverage theory, higher protein intake targets led to increased food intake when offspring were placed on no‐choice diets, resulting in greater body weight and fat mass. The combination of an HP maternal diet and a Western diet further exacerbated this obesity phenotype and led to long‐term consequences for body composition and metabolism.

Conclusions

This work could help explain the association between elevated protein intake in humans during early life and increased risk of obesity in childhood and later life.