bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of rainfall features and antecedent soil moisture on occurrence of preferential flow: A study at hillslopes using high-frequency monitoring
Authors: Peng Zhenyang , Hu Hongchang , Tian Fuqiang , Tie Qiang , Zhao Sihan
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In order to evaluate inﬂuences of rainfall features and antecedent soil moisture on occurrence of preferential ﬂow, observation was conducted at 12 sites within a 7-km2 catchment, by applying the high-frequency monitoring approach. Totally 65 rainfall events were selected to compare among sites, and preferential ﬂow was inferred when (i) responses of soil moisture did not follow a linear sequence with depth, or (ii) penetration velocity of wetting front in at least one horizon exceeded the threshold, which was set to be 5–10 times of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil matrix at different depths. Results showed that frequency of preferential ﬂow was 40.7 % in average, but varied from 17.9 % to 74.3 % among the sites. Correlations between the frequency and rainfall features, i.e. rainfall amount, duration, maximum and average intensity, were well ﬁtted by logarithmic curves. Rainfall amount, which was most prominently correlated with frequency (R2 = 0.93), was regarded as the dominant driving factor of preferential ﬂow, while average intensity was in second (R2 = 0.90). Antecedent soil moisture was also signiﬁcantly correlated with the frequency. However, this should largely be attributed to the differences of soil moisture among sites, since varying range of soil moisture at a speciﬁc site was not wide enough to inﬂuence the frequency signiﬁcantly. Further examination suggested that topography and surface cover (dead leaves and humus) were the controlling factors of both inﬁltration amount and occurrence of preferential ﬂow, as water was more readily to inﬁltrate into soils and preferential ﬂow was more readily to occur when slope gradient was small and surface cover was thick, while soil moisture was more likely to be a consequence of water storage capacity, rather than an inducer of preferential ﬂow. This knowledge could be helpful in understanding the partitioning of surface runoff and inﬁltration, as well as runoff processes in catchments with complex topography and underlying conditions.
How Do Family Firms Manage Risky Situations? An Organizational Resilience Perspective
Authors: Bauweraerts Jonathan
Published: March 2016

Nowadays, family firms account for a large part of the economy all around the world. Their longevity supposes that their unique characteristics make them efficient at managing risks in turbulent times. Drawing upon the concept of organisational resilience, this article proposes to theoretically investigate how the unique nature of family firms affects absorption, renewal and learning capacities. Based on these reflexions, this article proposes that the family character of the firm is positively related to absorption and learning capacities while being negatively linked with renewal capacity. It also stresses the importance to consider a contingency framework to better understand organizational resilience within family firms. Finally, it provides directions for future research to address various empirical gaps in the field.
Critical Success Factors in the Implementation of Performance Management Systems in UAE Government Organisations
Authors: Jraib Alharthi Salem
Published: March 2016

This study undertook research on government organisations in the UAE with a view toward identifying the most important Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that support the successful implementation of performance management systems (PMSs). However, the study was not limited to the identification of such CSFs, but also sought to examine their relevance and criticality. The remit of the research focus was narrowed to an attempt to understand the causes of PMS failure and to avoid possible obstacles to PMS implementation. Qualitative research took the form of case studies involving interviews, observations and document reviews. This study makes several contributions to the literature on CSFs that influence successful PMS implementation in the government sector, principally in the UAE and other developing countries. Further, it presents a theoretical model of CSFs for the successful implementation of PMS. The findings and recommendations presented in this paper could serve as guidelines for practitioners in the field of PMSs and for government and public organisations to fully benefit from the implementation of PMSs.
Disproportional Ownership Devices: Reviewing the Last 25 Years of Research
Authors: Saggese Sara , Sarto Fabrizia
Published: March 2016

The paper aims to systematize the literature on disproportional ownership devices by reviewing and classifying 148 articles published in international academic journals over the last 25 years. The findings show that the scholarly attention on disproportional ownership devices has grown over time. Most papers adopt the agency framework and examine the mechanisms for leveraging voting power and to lock-in control, especially in civil law countries. Corporate governance journals prevail as leading outlets, despite the lack of publications specialized on the topic. Finally, the literature systematization highlights a research taxonomy based on outcomes and drivers of disproportional ownership devices. The article has both theoretical and practical implications. First, it develops a literature framework that systematically outlines the main research streams on the topic and identifies under-explored issues so as to guide future scholarly efforts. Second, it highlights the implications of disproportional ownership devices for company outcomes and reporting. Thereby, on the one hand, it supports managers in selecting the appropriate combination of these mechanisms so as to attract and retain investors. On the other hand, it emphasizes the importance of proper policy making interventions to improve transparency, openness and competitiveness of financial markets.
Relationship between Accounting Based Risk and Return: Analysis for Turkish Companies
Authors: Coskun Metin , Kulali Gulsah
Published: March 2016

Accounting based risk and return relationship is a relatively incomplete issue, which has mostly been studied under a separate framework from financial markets based risk and return. Researchers find different results for different classifications of companies/industries/time frames. This paper reports the cross-section and panel correlations between accounting risk and return for various industrial company size categories in Turkey. The goal is to show the direction and magnitude of the relationship. When standard deviation is used as a risk measure, significant correlations are typically positive for small & medium sized companies and large companies. The positive relationship is very strong when the performance measure is ROE. All significant correlations become negative for very large sized companies. For each size category, no difference is observed between low-performers and high-performers in terms of significant coefficient signs. However, when we look at the magnitude of coefficients, there are some substantial differences between size categories, and between performance categories. When the risk measure is total debt to total assets ratio, our results show significant negative association between return and risk for all company size categories.
The Impact of Technological Development on Jordanian Industrial Sector
Authors: AL-Refai Mahmoud F. , Abdelhadi Samer , Al-Qaraein Adli A.
Published: March 2016

The technological advancement being considered as an essential core of economic development, whereby the introduction of new technology will not only reduce production costs, but could also lead to increasing the efficiency of production processes. Jordan is one of those countries that had made substantial progress in implementing new technology in various sectors, which reflected in a positive way on the Jordanian economy. This study aims to identify the effects of technological development on the industrial sector in Jordan during the period (1990-2014), and its role in the development and increase in the volume of industrial production in order to achieve self-sufficiency and providing job opportunities for the unemployed. The analysis used the method of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in estimating a function of the Cobb Douglas production. The study concluded that technology has a positive impact on the industrial sector in Jordan, and that the technological capital should be more intensive in the long term.
Trust and Distrust in the Relationships between Construction Firms and Real Estate Agents: Empirical Evidence from Italy
Authors: Trio Oronzo , Iazzi Antonio
Published: March 2016

The aim of this research is to study the characteristics of the relationships between construction firms and real estate agents in order to understand the nature and the role of trust.

In the construction industry trust plays a fundamental role as consequence of the long-lasting nature of the residential product, the big investment made in transaction specific assets, and the overlapping roles and responsibilities of the parties involved.

Real estate agents are the connecting element between the firm and the market and represent a kind of intermediary between buyers and builders.

Since they could assume an opportunistic behavior, in contrast with the builders’ interest, the construction firms need to keep the control over the internal or external sales force.

At this end we represent, through 30 in-depth interviews to builders and agents that operate in the Italian residential market, the actors’ points of view on their relationship and on the role of trust for a good relationship with potential customers.
Starting from the assumption that the main relevant theoretical dimensions of trust in this field are competence, affective and reputational trust, the research reveal a very low level of trust, both for the insufficient mutual recognition and for the scarce level of perceived transparency in the behavior of the counterpart. The builders and agents have many difficulties in their mutual relationship. There is no collaborative approach. The opportunism affects the behaviors both for the builders’ criticality in selling and for seeking a royalty on the agent’ side.
Software Application Employed in Architectural Design Education: The Case of KNUST
Authors: Ayebeng Botchway Edward
Published: March 2016

Computer software has come to replace the manual form of designing in both architectural education and practice. The use of drawing boards had been employed in architectural education and practice for a long time. Since the first half of the twentieth century, computer hardware and corresponding software have seen dramatic change and development manufactured and tailored to meet the demand of changing technological and human needs. Architecture has had its fair share since the advent of computers and has seen major milestone changes in its integration into the profession. In the last century, architectural education in Ghana has also witnessed this revolution. From the year 2000 and thereon since Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) was introduced in the Department of Architecture (DOA) in the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) there has been tremendous improvement in the CAAD tools used in architectural design education. There is therefore the need to evaluate the CAAD software used by the students and faculty. This paper looked at the existence and the mode in which CAAD software is applied in the department, the predominant software used by students and the mode of acquisition of the software. The findings proved that CAAD is taught as part of the curriculum in the DOA and has helped improve architectural design education over the years. However, the full potential and benefit of CAAD use has not been realized as a result of challenges faced by students and faculty in teaching, learning and acquisition of software.
Total Quality Management Meta-Analysis: Founders, Awards Criteria, and Successful versus Failing Cases in Higher Education
Authors: Rabah Iman
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this meta-analysis paper is to give a clear presentation of the Total Quality Management (TQM) characteristics and concepts applicable to the higher education context. The paper presents the TQM concepts analysed by the founders of the TQM literature. Followed by the meta-analysis of the influence of TQM awards to quality management principles and characteristics. Those TQM awards are attractive to many organizations, including higher education. Consequently, their criteria can reshape the quality management concepts and implementation in organizations when they are granted such awards. This paper uses qualitative meta-analysis as a method of conducting a thorough secondary qualitative analysis of primarily qualitative results. In this systematic review procedure, the literature is reviewed as not only an objective means to combine the results of previous studies but also to compare, classify, and deduce conclusions of theTQM major concepts and the applicability of this model to higher education including successful and failing cases. All of the TQM concepts constituting of the TQM characteristics discussed by the TQM founders and also those TQM characteristics developed by the TQM awards’ criteria are analysed from the perspective of the higher education TQM scholars in order to present the applicability or inapplicability of those concepts or characteristics to higher education.
The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Parenting Skills Training (CBPST) on the Behavioral Problems of Preschool Children
Authors: Zahedi Keyvan , Fatehizade Maryam , Bahrami Fatemeh , Jazayeri Rezvanosadat
Published: March 2016

This study investigated the effectiveness of parental skills training using a cognitive-behavioral method in order to reduce the behavioral problems of the preschool children. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all parents of the preschool children in Isfahan in educational year of 2014-2015. To this end, 32 parents (64 persons) who obtained 1.5 SD higher than the reported mean in response to the behavioral problems of their children, were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 16 parents (32 persons) as the treatment and control groups based on the random distribution. After conducting the pre-test for both groups, the treatment group received parental skills training using a cognitive behavioral method for six sessions during one month; however, the control group received no training. Then, for both groups, post-test was implemented and follow-up study was conducted. In order to assess the behavioral problems of the children, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used. Finally, the data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. The results showed that the mean of the treatment group was significantly reduced compared to that of the control group in terms of the behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, somatization, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and other problems. It could be concluded that cognitive behavioral parenting skills training was an effective way to reduce the children’s behavioral problems.
Factors influencing health behaviours in response to the air quality health index: a cross-sectional study in Hamilton, Canada
Authors: Radisic Sally , Newbold K. Bruce , Eyles John , Williams Allison
Published: March 2016

Research associating adverse health effects with air pollution exposure is robust. Public health authorities recognize the need to implement population health strategies that protect public health from air pollution exposure. The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a public health initiative that is intended to protect the public's health from exposure to air pollution. The aim of this research was to identify and explain factors influencing AQHI adoption at the individual level and to establish intervention strategies. A cross-sectional survey with both quantitative and qualitative questions was administered in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, during the months of June to October 2012. Logistic regression and the Health Belief Model are used to explore the data. Demographics (gender, age, education, and area of residence), knowledge/understanding, and individual risk perceptions (neighbourhood air effects on health) were found to be significant predictors of AQHI adoption. The perceived benefits of AQHI adoption included protection of health for self and those cared for via familial and (or) occupational duties, whereas the perceived barriers of AQHI adoption included lack of knowledge about where to check and lack of time required to check and follow AQHI health messages. Also, self-efficacy was uncovered as a factor influencing AQHI adoption. Accordingly, increases in AQHI adoption could be achieved via increasing AQHI knowledge among low socioeconomic status females, communicating the benefits of AQHI adoption to “at-risk” populations and implementing supports for males to follow AQHI health messages.
Exploring beliefs and attitudes of personal service practitioners towards infection control education, based on the Health Belief Model
Authors: Shaw Keara
Published: March 2016

Tattooing, body and ear piercing, hair cutting and hair styling, and esthetic procedures such as manicures, pedicures, and make-up application are popular personal services procedures currently offered to the public. Without proper infection and injury control practices in place, personal service procedures can pose a risk for the spread of communicable disease and (or) the potential for bodily injury. A well-planned standardized education program for personal service practitioners could likely contribute to the control of infection and injury from personal service procedures and be a fiscally responsible means of controlling health care costs. Using the Health Belief Model, this research study aims to explore the attitudes and beliefs of personal service practitioners towards infection control education, as this can provide insightful information for planning a successful education program. Five qualitative, in-person interviews were conducted with personal service practitioners. The results of the interviews indicate that although cost, time, access to education, and language may be barriers to receiving education, the interviewed practitioner still believe that infection control education is extremely important and necessary for client safety, and that the implementation of an effective infection control education program for the personal services industry is essential.
Copper Corrosion Under the Lead and Copper Rule Long‐Term Revisions
Authors: Roth Damon K. , Cornwell David A. , Brown Richard A. , Via Steve H.
Published: March 2016

Results of a recent survey suggest that water systems with water quality conditions that may be aggressive toward copper should address the potential for copper corrosion, even though it will be several years before the LCR Long‐Term Revisions are promulgated.
Social media as communicative genres
Authors: Lomborg Stine
Published: March 2016

As a focus of study, ‘social media’ tend to lack definitional clarity and grounding in theories of media and text. This paper establishes and discusses a conceptual framework for defining social media as communicative genres, constituted by the interplay between interactive functionalities configured at the software level and the invocation and appropriation of various software functionalities to achieve specific purposes in and through users’ actual communicative practices. I suggest that social media might be seen as particularly dynamic genres, subject to continuous disruption and uncertainty,owing to their deinstitutionalised and participatory character, and the shifting roles of producers and recipients in the networks and conversations that make up social media content.
The labelling process in popular music: Being-called “musiques émergentes” in Montréal
Authors: Lussier Martin
Published: March 2016

The words used to discuss genres matter. The multiplication of genres and subgenres is accompanied by a growing number of corresponding labels, which are consequently debated and disputed. Using the case of the label “musiques émergentes” (“emerging musics”), which has spread rapidly during the last decade in the cultural landscape of Montréal, Canada, this article examines one debate surrounding this label, focusing on discussions between artists and industry workers and their understanding of the usefulness of such a name/label in today’s popular music milieu. This discussion presents the labelling process as something that constitutes a group rather than capturing the likeness of its members. Drawing on the writings of Giorgio Agamben, the second part of this article examines labelling as a practice that exposes and renders possible the relation of something to something else – a cultural text to a genre – contributing to the production of “musiques émergentes” as a “being-called.”
Wearing shades in the bright future of digital media: Limitations of narratives of media power in Egyptian resistance
Authors: Wilkins Karin Gwinn
Published: March 2016

Political engagement means more than reliance on a single medium, but requires collective human action. In making this argument, I consider how the media landscape, along with social and political contexts, have contributed to this process of shifting political power in Egypt. This background contextualizes the limitations of a dominant Hollywood narrative in U.S. media, not only telling a reductive tale of hero, victim and villain, but also privileging the role of social media as an anthropomorphic heroic sidekick. Mediated communication can be valuable as a vehicle for mobilization and as a site for political contestation, but it is the access to the production and reception of knowledge that matters. In essence, the critical issue in political resistance is power, not technology.
The nucleolar protein NIFK promotes cancer progression via CK1α/β-catenin in metastasis and Ki-67-dependent cell proliferation
Authors: Lin Tsung-Chieh , Su Chia-Yi , Wu Pei-Yu , Lai Tsung-Ching , Pan Wen-An , Jan Yi-Hua , Chang Yu-Chang , Yeh Chi-Tai , Chen Chi-Long , Ger Luo-Ping , Chang Hong-Tai , Yang Chih-Jen , Huang Ming-Shyan , Liu Yu-Peng , Lin Yuan-Feng , Shyy John Y-J , Tsai Ming-Daw , Hsiao Michael
Published: March 2016

Nucleolar protein interacting with the FHA domain of pKi-67 (NIFK) is a Ki-67-interacting protein. However, its precise function in cancer remains largely uninvestigated. Here we show the clinical significance and metastatic mechanism of NIFK in lung cancer. NIFK expression is clinically associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Furthermore, NIFK enhances Ki-67-dependent proliferation, and promotes migration, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo via downregulation of casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a suppressor of pro-metastatic TCF4/β-catenin signaling. Inversely, CK1α is upregulated upon NIFK knockdown. The silencing of CK1α expression in NIFK-silenced cells restores TCF4/β-catenin transcriptional activity, cell migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, RUNX1 is identified as a transcription factor of CSNK1A1 (CK1α) that is negatively regulated by NIFK. Our results demonstrate the prognostic value of NIFK, and suggest that NIFK is required for lung cancer progression via the RUNX1-dependent CK1α repression, which activates TCF4/β-catenin signaling in metastasis and the Ki-67-dependent regulation in cell proliferation.
Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen
Authors: Gehre Lena , Gorgette Olivier , Perrinet Stéphanie , Prevost Marie-Christine , Ducatez Mathieu , Giebel Amanda M , Nelson David E , Ball Steven G , Subtil Agathe
Published: March 2016

For intracellular pathogens, residence in a vacuole provides a shelter against cytosolic host defense to the cost of limited access to nutrients. The human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis grows in a glycogen-rich vacuole. How this large polymer accumulates there is unknown. We reveal that host glycogen stores shift to the vacuole through two pathways: bulk uptake from the cytoplasmic pool, and de novo synthesis. We provide evidence that bacterial glycogen metabolism enzymes are secreted into the vacuole lumen through type 3 secretion. Our data bring strong support to the following scenario: bacteria co-opt the host transporter SLC35D2 to import UDP-glucose into the vacuole, where it serves as substrate for de novo glycogen synthesis, through a remarkable adaptation of the bacterial glycogen synthase. Based on these findings we propose that parasitophorous vacuoles not only offer protection but also provide a microorganism-controlled metabolically active compartment essential for redirecting host resources to the pathogens.
The human SKA complex drives the metaphase-anaphase cell cycle transition by recruiting protein phosphatase 1 to kinetochores
Authors: Sivakumar Sushama , Janczyk Paweł Ł , Qu Qianhui , Brautigam Chad A , Stukenberg P Todd , Yu Hongtao , Gorbsky Gary J
Published: March 2016

The spindle- and kinetochore-associated (Ska) complex is essential for normal anaphase onset in mitosis. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of Ska1 binds microtubules and was proposed to facilitate kinetochore movement on depolymerizing spindle microtubules. Here, we show that Ska complex recruits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to kinetochores. This recruitment requires the Ska1 CTD, which binds PP1 in vitro and in human HeLa cells. Ska1 lacking its CTD fused to a PP1-binding peptide or fused directly to PP1 rescues mitotic defects caused by Ska1 depletion. Ska1 fusion to catalytically dead PP1 mutant does not rescue and shows dominant negative effects. Thus, the Ska complex, specifically the Ska1 CTD, recruits PP1 to kinetochores to oppose spindle checkpoint signaling kinases and promote anaphase onset. Microtubule binding by Ska, rather than acting in force production for chromosome movement, may instead serve to promote PP1 recruitment to kinetochores fully attached to spindle microtubules at metaphase.
Multiple sclerosis--Part 2. Treatment strategies
Authors: Olek Michael J
Published: March 2016

Because it is a chronic, relapsing or progressive disease, multiple sclerosis has an unpredictable clinical course generally spanning 10 to 20 years. During that time, neurologic disability is cumulative. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of a given mode of treatment in an individual patient. This second part of a two-part series reviews current and emerging modes of therapy for multiple sclerosis. Future treatment directions in multiple sclerosis will require a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Future therapeutic modalities will also rely on more accurate clinical markers, such as improved magnetic resonance imaging techniques or specific immune markers to follow the disease progression. Part 1 of this series appearing in the November 1999 issue of JAOA included several sections on multiple sclerosis, including an overview, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and clinical parameters.
Rule of Hydrophobicity/Hydrophilicity Balance in Membrane‐Disrupting Antimicrobial Activity of Polyalkylamino Cyclodextrins Synthesized via Click Chemistry
Authors: Yamamura Hatsuo , Miyagawa Atsushi , Sugiyama Hiroki , Murata Kensuke , Mabuti Takahiro , Mitsuhashi Ryogo , Hagiwara Tatsuya , Nonaka Miho , Tanimoto Koichi , Tomita Haruyoshi
Published: March 2016

Emergence of drug‐resistant bacterial pathogens and the concurrent demand for new antibiotics has led to membrane‐active antimicrobial cyclodextrin (CD) development. CDs contain polyalkylamino groups; molecule polyfunctionalization was achieved via a click reaction. A survey using CDs with systematically varied functionalities clarified the unique correlation of their antimicrobial activity with the molecules’ hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance. The optimum hydrophobicity of the membrane‐active molecule was specific to bacterial strains and animal cells, leading to selective toxicity against bacteria including multidrug‐resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results demonstrate that CDs have a good molecular scaffold to pursue rationally designed structures with a desired activity for new antibiotic development.
Spin-down in rotating Hagen–Poiseuille flow: a simple criterion to detect the onset of absolute instabilities
Authors: Miranda-Barea A. , Fabrellas-García C. , Parras L. , del Pino C.
Published: March 2016

We conduct experiments in a circular pipe with rotating Hagen–Poiseuille flow (RHPF) to which we apply spin-down or impulsive spin-down to rest, in order to analyse the threshold between convective and absolute instabilities through flow visualisations in the inlet region of the pipe. For a constant value of the Reynolds number,$Re$, the finite-amplitude wave packets generated by the arbitrary perturbation that results by reducing the swirl parameter, propagate upstream or downstream depending on the initial value of the swirl parameter,$L_{0}$. In fact, the main characteristic of the flow is that the velocity front of these wave packets changes from negative to positive when absolutely unstable modes are present in the initial state. The experimental results show that spin-down becomes a precise, reliable procedure to detect the onset of absolute instabilities. In addition, we give evidence of a gradual transition for Reynolds numbers ranging from 300 to 500 where a mode shift from$n=-1$to$n=-2$appears in the absolutely unstable region.
Effect of Core Flow Inlet Swirl Angle on Performance of Lobed Mixing Exhaust System
Authors: Xie Y. , Zhong C. , Ruan D.-F. , Liu K. , Zheng B.
Published: March 2016

Geometric model of a lobed mixing exhaust system is created and its flow field is simulated by using the steady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations under the condition of different core flow inlet swirl angles. According to the numerical simulation results, due to the guidance effect of the lobe parallel side wall, the structure and vorticity of streamwise vortices change little near the lobe exit with inlet swirl angle, and it is the same with the thermal mixing efficiency. As the flow develops, although the inlet swirl angle has limited influence on the streamwise vorticity, it greatly affects the structure of streamwise vortices. It causes the thermal mixing efficiency to increase with the swirl angle. As for the total pressure recovery coefficient, it falls slightly when the inlet swirl strengthens. At the nozzle exit, the total pressure recovery coefficient of CFISA = 30° model is 0.5% lower than CFISA = 0° model. Moreover, as the inlet swirl strengthens, the thrust fall of lobed mixing exhaust system gradually accelerates, especially when the inlet swirl angle is over 15°.
A longitudinal qualitative case study of change in nonprofits: Suggesting a new approach to the management of change
Authors: Rosenbaum David , More Elizabeth , Steane Peter
Published: March 2016

Existing change management models have been developed from research undertaken largely within the for-profit sector, with little reference to the unique challenges of the nonprofit sector. This article identifies a number of characteristics of change management that may be unique to the nonprofit sector. The research sought to understand change from the perspective of those within the sector who experienced it using Grounded Theory in a rich single case study as the methodology, applying an inductive reasoning approach to the development of theory. Results point to the impact of four key characteristics that require a more substantial focus in planned change models when applied to nonprofits. These include formal reflection for change agents and change recipients, development of trust, and confidence in the organisation before the actual change, focussing on the individual experience of change, and the sequencing of events from a planning perspective.
ON REAL PARTS OF POWERS OF COMPLEX PISOT NUMBERS
Authors: ZAÏMI TOUFIK
Published: March 2016

We prove that a nonreal algebraic number $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ with modulus greater than $1$ is a complex Pisot number if and only if there is a nonzero complex number $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ such that the sequence of fractional parts $(\{\Re (\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{n})\})_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ has a finite number of limit points. Also, we characterise those complex Pisot numbers $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ for which there is a convergent sequence of the form $(\{\Re (\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{n})\})_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ for some $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\in \mathbb{C}^{\ast }$. These results are generalisations of the corresponding real ones, due to Pisot, Vijayaraghavan and Dubickas.
Lean body mass change over 6 years is associated with dietary leucine intake in an older Danish population
Authors: McDonald Cameron Keith , Ankarfeldt Mikkel Z. , Capra Sandra , Bauer Judy , Raymond Kyle , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal
Published: March 2016

Higher protein intake, and particularly higher leucine intake, is associated with attenuated loss of lean body mass (LBM) over time in older individuals. Dietary leucine is thought to be a key mediator of anabolism. This study aimed to assess this relationship over 6 years among younger and older adult Danes. Dietary leucine intake was assessed at baseline and after 6 years in men and women, aged 35–65 years, participating in the Danish cohort of the WHO-MONICA (Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) study (n 368). Changes in LBM over the 6 years were measured by bioelectrical impedance using equations developed for this Danish population. The association between leucine and LBM changes was examined using multivariate linear regression and ANCOVA analyses adjusted for potential confounders. After adjustment for baseline LBM, sex, age, energy intake and physical activity, leucine intake was associated with LBM change in those older than 65 years (n 79), with no effect seen in those younger than 65 years. Older participants in the highest quartile of leucine intake (7·1 g/d) experienced LBM maintenance, whereas lower intakes were associated with LBM loss over 6 years (for trend: β=0·434, P=0·03). Sensitivity analysis indicated no effect modification of sex or the presence of CVD. Greater leucine intake in conjunction with adequate total protein intake was associated with long-term LBM retention in a healthy older Danish population. This study corroborates findings from laboratory investigations in relation to protein and leucine intakes and LBM change. A more diverse and larger sample is needed for confirmation of these results.
OPTIMIZED SHIFTS IN SOWING TIMES OF FIELD CROPS TO THE PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGES IN AN AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE OF PAKISTAN
Authors: BHATTI MUHAMMAD TOUSIF , BALKHAIR KHALED S. , MASOOD AMJAD , SARWAR SALEEM
Published: March 2016

This paper evaluates 30-year (2013–2042) projections of the selected climatic parameters in cotton/wheat agro-climatic zone of Pakistan. A statistical bias correction procedure was adopted to eliminate the systematic errors in output of three selected general circulation models (GCM) under A2 emission scenario. A transfer function was developed between the GCM outputs and the observed time series of the climatic parameters (base period: 1980–2004) and applied to GCM future projections. The predictions detected seasonal shifts in rainfall and increasing temperature trend which in combination can affect the crop water requirements (CWR) at different phonological stages of the two major crops (i.e. wheat and cotton). CROPWAT model is used to optimize the shifts in sowing dates as a climate change adaptation option. The results depict that with reference to the existing sowing patterns, early sowing of wheat and late sowing of cotton will favour decreased CWR of these crops.
Precarization or Empowerment? Reflections on Recent Labor Unrest in China
Authors: Lee Ching Kwan
Published: March 2016

Labor scholars have highlighted the predicament of “precarization” besetting the working class everywhere in the twenty-first century. Beneath the “proletariat” now stands the “precariat,” for whom exploitation seems like a privilege compared to constant exclusion from the labor market. Amidst worldwide employment informalization and decimation of workers’ collective capacity, media reports and academic writings on Chinese workers in the past several years have singularly sustained a curious discourse of worker empowerment. Strikes in some foreign-invested factories have inspired claims of rising working-class power. Finding little empirical support for the empowerment thesis, this article spotlights the Chinese peculiarity of the global phenomenon of precarization and the dynamics of recent strikes, suggesting the need for Chinese labor studies to rebalance its prevailing voluntarism and optimism with more attention to institutional and political-economic conditions.
Relationship between personality and psychopathology in a longitudinal community study: a test of the predisposition model
Authors: Hengartner M. P. , Ajdacic-Gross V. , Wyss C. , Angst J. , Rössler W.
Published: March 2016

Background

Mounting evidence supports the notion that personality is crucial in the aetiopathology of common mental disorders, but studies that allow for aetiological conclusions are lacking. The aim of the present study was thus to provide a test of the predisposition model.

Method

We analysed data from the Zurich Cohort Study, a 30-year longitudinal epidemiological community study of an adult cohort (n = 591) from 1979 to 2008. Personality was assessed in 1988 with an established personality questionnaire, and psychopathology through seven semi-structured interviews between 1979 and 2008.

Results

On the basis of personality assessment from 1988, used as predictor of subsequent psychopathology (1993–2008), while adjusting for sex and prior mental disorders (1979–1988), neuroticism related significantly with future major depression episodes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41], anxiety disorders (OR = 1.32) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.41). When participants with a past 10-year history (i.e. 1979–1988) of either major depression, anxiety disorder or depression treatment use were excluded, neuroticism in 1988 still significantly predicted first incidence (i.e. 1993–2008) of major depression episodes (OR = 1.53) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.84).

Conclusions

The present study provides compelling evidence that the personality trait of neuroticism constitutes an independent risk factor for subsequent major depression episodes and use of respective professional treatments, which serves as a proxy for particularly severe and impairing depression episodes. We therefore advocate that personality traits could provide clinically useful prognostic information when considered carefully.
Health-related quality of life of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD: the multicentre cross-sectional ACHILLE study
Authors: Amedro Pascal , Basquin Adeline , Gressin Virginie , Clerson Pierre , Jais Xavier , Thambo Jean-Benoit , Guerin Patrice , Cohen Sarah , Bonnet Damien
Published: March 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD and correlations with clinical status.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional observational study included CHD patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in 14 tertiary-care centres in France. We used two health-related quality of life questionnaires – SF-36 and Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) – and one anxiety/depression Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.

Results

Clinical data were collected for the 208 included patients (mean age: 42.6 years, range from 15.1 to 85.8 years, 69.7% female). Most patients were in NYHA functional class II (48.1%) and III (37.5%). Patients’ phenotype was classified as Eisenmenger syndrome (70.7%), pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (12.0%), with small defects (3.4%), or after corrective cardiac surgery (13.9%). In total, 76.4% of the patients were receiving pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatments. SF-36 scores showed impairment compared with normalised data. Health-related quality of life scores were significantly lower in females than in males for most dimensions of both questionnaires and were independent of the patients’ phenotype, even after gender adjustment – except for CAMPHOR functioning – but significantly depended on NYHA functional class. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores suggested anxiety and depression associated with increasing NYHA functional class but independent of patients’ phenotype. NYHA functional class, 6-minute walk distance, HADS, gender, and recent stressful event significantly affected quality of life in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

This study showed impairment of quality of life in a large cohort of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD with both generic and specific questionnaires. NYHA functional class and HADS scores were predictive of most quality of life scores.
Programming in logic without logic programming
Authors: KOWALSKI ROBERT , SADRI FARIBA
Published: March 2016

In previous work, we proposed a logic-based framework in which computation is the execution of actions in an attempt to make reactive rules of the formif antecedent then consequenttrue in a canonical model of a logic program determined by an initial state, sequence of events, and the resulting sequence of subsequent states. In this model-theoretic semantics, reactive rules are the driving force, and logic programs play only a supporting role. In the canonical model, states, actions, and other events are represented with timestamps. But in the operational semantics (OS), for the sake of efficiency, timestamps are omitted and only the current state is maintained. State transitions are performed reactively by executing actions to make theconsequentsof rules true whenever theantecedentsbecome true. This OS is sound, but incomplete. It cannot make reactive rules true by preventing theirantecedentsfrom becoming true, or by proactively making theirconsequentstrue before theirantecedentsbecome true. In this paper, we characterize the notion of reactive model, and prove that the OS can generate all and only such models. In order to focus on the main issues, we omit the logic programming component of the framework.
UK Official Publications: Managing the Transition to Electronic Deposit at the British Library
Authors: Grimshaw Jennie
Published: March 2016

This article by Jennie Grimshaw presents an overview of the transition of UK government publishing from print to electronic between the mid-1990s and 2016. It goes on to describe the tools being developed by the British Library in collaboration with the other five legal deposit libraries, to collect, preserve, organise and provide access to born digital government publications. This paradigm shift in official publishing gives the libraries a window of opportunity to improve their management of these materials and ensure that they can be found through their catalogues more easily than their print predecessors.
Telling Legal Backstories: Making Historic Case Papers from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Available to All Online
Authors: Whittle Steven
Published: March 2016

The Institute of Advanced Legal Studies holds copies of case papers of appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC). Steven Whittle describes the recent open access initiative at the IALS, working with BAILII to provide online access to historic case papers of appeals from over 35 countries from the period 1935 to 1985. These are cases of the highest importance in the legal development of each of the countries and to the development of common law shared by many countries worldwide.
The Women's Legal Landmarks Project: Celebrating 100 Years of Women in the Law in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Auchmuty Rosemary , Rackley Erika
Published: March 2016

This article by Rosemary Auchmuty and Erika Rackley introduces the Women's Legal Landmarks Project. The project is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving feminist scholars from law and other disciplines engaging in the process of identifying, researching and producing critical accounts of the key legal events, cases and statutes which represent significant turning points for women in the UK and Ireland. In creating the first scholarly anthology of legal landmarks for women spanning four jurisdictions and spanning eleven centuries, it seeks to contribute both to the development of the discipline of feminist legal history as well as societal understandings of the contribution women have made to public life and, more specifically, their involvement in the production of law, law reform and justice.
Back to School: a Student Insight into LIS Qualifications, the LIS Sector and What it can Offer to New Professionals
Authors: Bailey Josephine
Published: March 2016

Josephine Bailey, the inaugural recipient of BIALL's Professional Studies Bursary, provides a student's perspective on current LIS qualifications, what they can offer to individuals hoping to enter the profession and the challenges facing new professionals today. Her observations and comments are based on her experiences of the MA course in Librarianship and Information Services Management which is offered by the University of Sheffield and is currently ranked as the top university for Librarianship and Information Management.
Array of patch-antennas with meandering-gaps on optical modulator for wireless millimeter-wave beam-steering
Authors: Wijayanto Yusuf Nur , Kanno Atsushi , Murata Hiroshi , Kawanishi Tetsuya , Yamamoto Naokatsu , Okamura Yasuyuki
Published: March 2016

An array of patch-antennas with meandering-gaps on an optical modulator is proposed for wireless millimeter-wave beam-steering through high-speed radio-over-fiber systems. Wireless millimeter-wave can be received by the array of patch-antennas and directly modulated to lightwave by the optical modulator. The wireless millimeter-wave can be steered using the meandering-gaps at the patch-antennas by controlling interaction between millimeter-wave and lightwave electric fields in electro-optic modulation. The basic operation and analysis of the proposed device are discussed. In the experiment, 5 × 5 antenna array in 40 GHz millimeter-wave bands was designed and realized for device characterization and demonstration to wireless millimeter-wave beam-steering. There were five variations of wireless millimeter-wave beam-steering for one-dimensional in xz- or yz-planes that can be obtained with wireless millimeter-wave steerable beams of about ±30°. Additionally, 25 variations of wireless beam-steering can be obtained for two dimension in xyz-space through orthogonal optical modulation. The proposed device is promising to be applied in millimeter-wave/tera-hertz bands for future directional wireless communication and sensing with high-speed and high-resolution operation.
Entwicklungen der modernen Kataraktchirurgie – eine Übersicht und Bewertung
Authors: Menapace Rupert
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die moderne Kataraktchirurgie entwickelt sich rasch. Miniaturisierung der Schnitte, Optimierung von Effizienz und Sicherheit der Ultraschall-Phakoemulsifikation, Einsatz des Femtosekundenlasers für ultrapräzise Schnitte, Kapseleröffnung und Kernzerteilung, Speziallinsen für Abbildungsoptimierung, Presbyopie- und Astigmatismuskorrektur, optimierte Linsenbrechkraftberechnung durch Hornhauttomographie und Einbeziehung optischer Teilstrecken, Nachstarprophylaxe durch Kapselchirurgie und bilaterale Kataraktchirurgie in einer Sitzung sind jüngste Entwicklungen, die die Zukunft der Kataraktchirurgie bestimmen werden.