bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of Natural and Artificial Dynamic Facial Expressions During Stroboscopic Presentation
Authors: Korolkova O.A. , Lobodinskaya E.A.
Published: December 2021

In an experimental study, we explored the role of the natural or artificial character of expression and the speed of its exposure in the recognition of emotional facial expressions during stroboscopic presentation. In Series 1, participants identified emotions represented as sequences of frames from a video of a natural facial expression; in Series 2 participants were shown sequences of linear morph images. The exposure speed was varied. The results showed that at any exposure speed, the expressions of happiness and disgust were recognized most accurately. Longer presentation increased the accuracy of assessments of happiness, disgust, and surprise. Expression of surprise, demonstrated as a linear transformation, was recognized more efficiently than frames of natural expression of surprise. Happiness was perceived more accurately on video frames. The accuracy of the disgust recognition did not depend on the type of images. The qualitative nature of the stimuli and the speed of their presentation did not affect the accuracy of sadness recognition. The categorical structure of the perception of expressions was stable in any type of exposed images. The obtained results suggest a qualitative difference in the perception of natural and artificial images of expressions, which can be observed under extreme exposure conditions.
Model of the Relationship between Executive Functions, Conscious Self-Regulation, and the Success of Learning Russian in Middle School
Authors: Morosanova V.I. , Bondarenko I.N. , Fomina T.G.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to study the contribution of multi-level regulatory characteristics (components of conscious self-regulation and executive functions) to the success of mastering the Russian language as a school discipline. The study sample consisted of students aged 13-15 years (N=286): 7th graders (N=147, average age 13±0.5 years) and 9th graders (N=139, average age 15 ± 0.5 years), 50.3% girls. Conscious self-regulation we evaluated using the V. I. method. Morosanova “Style of self-regulation of learning activity (SRPLAQ-M 52)”, executive functions — a computerized diagnostic complex. The study also assessed fluid intelligence, language competencies, and academic performance in the Russian language in the form of final marks. Structural modeling allowed us to build a model that showed that regulatory characteristics indirectly contribute to academic performance through intelligence. In turn, executive functions (switching accuracy, updating working memory, suppression of interference) make a significant contribution to mastering language competencies (spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and others) and influence academic success through a conscious level of self-regulation. The results showed that the regulatory features as goal planning, modeling of conditions significant for achieving goals, evaluation of the results obtained, as well as regulatory flexibility and initiative, manifested in the independent goal setting and organization of its achievement, are of the greatest importance for mastering the native language in secondary school.
Dynamics of Mental States of Learners Working with Didactic VR Programs Using Virtual Reality Technologies
Authors: Anikina V.G. , Khoze E.G. , Strizhova I.V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studying the mental states of adolescent students involved in the work using didactic VR programs implemented using VR technologies of different levels, demonstrated using different technical means (stationary PC, VIVE helmet), causing immersive experience of different quality. Before and after work, the participants were controlled: activation, excitement, tone, well-being; mood, asthenia, euphoria; the severity of the presence effect. As a result, it was shown that the participants who were involved in the work with the help of a PC experienced a decrease in indicators at the level of reliable statistical significance for the activation parameter. When working with VIVE helmets, reliable increases are shown in terms of activation, arousal, tone, well-being, asthenic state and euphoria. In general, we can talk about the intensive and positive impact of didactic VR programs broadcast with the help of higher level VR technologies on the mental states of students, which can become a source of formation of their stable and productive educational and cognitive motivation.
Theory and Practice of Awareness Measurement in Experimental Cognitive Research
Authors: Kulieva A.K. , Tikhonov R.V. , Ivanchei I.I.
Published: December 2021

Measurement of consciousness is one of the key methodological problems of cognitive experiments. The choice of method is often made without reference to a specific theory or the explication of the underlying assumptions about the nature of the phenomenon being measured. It is suggested that the lack of theoretical justification of the employed methods leads to unconstructive criticism and disagreement among researchers. We discussed the most common awareness measures in research on learning, memory, perception, and the underlying assumptions about the nature of consciousness and their relationship to theories of consciousness. The degree of theoretical justification of consciousness measures was assessed in a sample of 179 experimental articles. It was shown that in only a quarter of cases, the researchers linked the methods with corresponding assumptions about the nature of consciousness. In the rest of the cases, the choice of method was not theoretically justified.
Bul-Tak Oyuncağı Şekillerinin Klasik Görüntü İşleme ve Derin Öğrenme Yöntemleri ile Tespiti
Authors: DERSUNELİ Mehmet , GÜNDÜZ Taner , KUTLU Yakup
Published: December 2021

Bilgisayar görme algoritmaları teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle daha kullanılır hale gelmektedir. Klasik yöntemler olan görüntü işleme ve makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile yapılan bilgisayarlı görü uygulamaları halen kullanılsa da gürültüler veya istenmeyen ortam değişimleri etkisini sonuçlar üzerinde göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, bul-tak oyuncağındaki 4 adet geometrik şeklin tespiti iki farklı yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Klasik yöntemde iki farklı algoritmada görüntü işleme ile elde edilen öznitelikler k-NN algoritması ile sınıflandırılmış, derin öğrenme yönteminde ise nesne tespiti için özelleşmiş olan Yolov4 algoritması kullanılmıştır. Deney ortamında klasik görüntü işleme yöntemi siyah arka planlı test veri setinde %100 başarım sağlarken, farklı renk ve desende arka plana sahip ikinci test veri setinde başarım %86,25’e düşmüştür. Yolov4 derin öğrenme yöntemi algoritması ise her iki veri setinde de %100 başarıma ulaşmıştır. Algoritmalar gerçek zamanlı kamera görüntüsü üzerinde çalıştırıldığında klasik yöntem siyah arka planlı bir kare görüntüde 0,06 sn’de, farklı renk ve desende arka plana sahip bir kare görüntüde ise 0,04sn’de nesne tespiti yaparken, Yolov4 yöntemi 1,06 sn’de nesne tespit işlemi gerçekleştirmiştir.
Relational Database for Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Zimmaro Paolo , Buckreis Tristan E. , Gospe Tatiana , Brandenberg Scott J. , Ahdi Sean K. , Yong Alan , Stewart Jonathan P.
Published: December 2021

Frequency-dependent horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) of Fourier amplitudes from three-component recordings can provide useful information for site response modeling. However, such information is not incorporated into most ground-motion models, including those from Next-Generation Attenuation projects, which instead use the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (VS) in the upper 30 m of the site and sediment depth terms. To facilitate utilization of HVSR, we developed a publicly accessible relational database. This database is adapted from a similar repository for VS data and provides microtremor-based HVSR data (mHVSR) and supporting metadata, but not parameters derived from the data. Users can interact with the data directly within a web portal that contains a graphical user interface (GUI) or through external tools that perform cloud-based computations. Within the database GUI, the median horizontal-component mHVSR can be plotted against frequency, with the mean and mean ± one standard deviation (representing variability across time windows) provided. Using external interactive tools (provided as a Jupyter Notebook and an R script), users can replot mHVSR (as in the database) or create polar plots. These tools can also derive parameters of potential interest for modeling purposes, including a binary variable indicating whether an mHVSR plot contains peaks, as well as the fitted properties of those peaks (frequencies, amplitudes, and widths). Metadata are also accessible, which includes site location, details about the instruments used to make the measurements, and data processing information related to windowing, antitrigger routines, and filtering.
Regularities of the Natural Evolution of the Proliferative Process in Diabetic Retinopathy. The Concept of Remission of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sdobnikova S. V.
Published: December 2021

The data analyzed in this review indicate that an important feature of the natural evolution of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the possibility of reverse development of its main signs, including newly formed vessels. The term “spontaneous remission”, proposed by M.D. Davis, may be correct for stating this condition. Spontaneous remission can be persistent and its frequency can significantly exceed the generally accepted 10 %. Signs of remission of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), regardless of the cause of occurrence (spontaneous or resulting from treatment) are: absence of ophthalmoscopically detectable neovessels; increased/appearance of the fibrous component of proliferation, which is accompanied by traction deformation of the retina. Therefore, the scale reflecting the stages of evolution of newly formed vessels and the scale of severity reflecting the degree of threat to visual functions in PDR cannot be identical. Since the development and regression of neovessels is a reflection of multidirectional processes, the identification of the phase of PDR evolution is fundamental in the formation of research design. Due to the possibility of using artificial intelligence for the analysis of “big data”, the effectiveness of the approach to the study of DR will largely be determined by the adequacy of the grouping of the source data. In this regard, the analysis of previous experience is relevant, which allows us to improve some principles of systematization of results. Conclusion: The statement of the phase of evolution of neovessels in PDR is fundamental in epidemiological and scientific studies. The identification of signs indicating the likelihood of spontaneous remission of DR/PDR will allow us to provide a differentiated approach to treatment, as well as to study the association with the dynamics of the patient’s somatic status.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Current Neuroophthalmologic Points
Authors: Petrayevsky A. V. , Trishkin K. S. , Gndoyan I. A.
Published: December 2021

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a neuroophophthalmologic syndrome, the main ophthalmologic symptoms of which are vision loss and bilateral swelling of optic nerve disks (OD). The article provides a review covering various aspects of ICH. Epidemiology: ICH occurs mainly in women aged 20–45 years with body overweight. In this group of patients world incidence is 12–20 per 100 000 of population per year. In the total population it represents 0.5–2 cases per 100 000 of population per year. The eightfold gender predominance of women with ICH is observed. Etiology is not fully known until present time. The reliable connection between obesity in childbearing age women and menstrual cycle disorders as evidences of hormonal changes has been established. The probable mechanisms of increase of ICP are supposed: hyperproduction of and disturbances of its absorption, CSF mechanical pressure on the optic nerve sheath; restriction of venous outflow from the brain due to the pathology of venous sinuses; stimulating effect of abundant vitamin A in diet resulting in the fat tissue formation with the development of obesity; expression of the protein aquaporin, involved in the regulation of body mass and water metabolism in the subarachnoid space. Clinical manifestations. Ophthalmologic symptoms of ICH: transient visual impairment, sustained loss of visual acuity, photopsy, retrobulbar pain, diplopia. Non-ophthalmologic symptoms: headache, throbbing tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness. Diagnostics. The valuable diagnostic data can be obtained by visual field investigation, ophthalmoscopic examination with revealing of bilateral OD-edema, OD and retinal optical coherent tomography, orbital ultrasound examination, brain MRI with venography. Treatment. Non-drug therapy: weight loss, lowcalorie diet with limited water and salt intake. Drug therapy: long-term oral use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide, topiramate). High doses of steroids (methylprednisone) are used for short-term treatment of patients with fulminant disease type before surgery. Surgery: bypass surgery, cerebral venous sinus stenting and fenestrations of the optic nerve sheath: bariatric surgery with reducing of stomach volume.
The Myopia Progression in School-Age Children after Home Quarantine Due to COVID-19
Authors: Markova E. Yu. , Isabekov R. S. , Venediktova L. V.
Published: December 2021

Myopia is an actual health issue in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that 50 % of the world population may be myopic by 2050. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the Russian government started a nationwide school closure as an emergency measure to prevent spreading of the infection since the 23rd of March 2020. The present study was organized to investigate prevalence of myopia in school-aged children during the COVID-19 home confinement in Moscow. The studied group included school-age children: pupils of 1, 5, 11th classes. The inclusion criteria were: myopia — refraction above –0.5 D in conditions of cycloplegia. The results of survey 523 pupils from Moscow schools, the proportion of patients with myopia was 20.1 %, while the proportion of patients with myopia among 1st class pupils was only 8.3 %. In 5th class, the rate was 16 %, in the 11th grade reached 42.1 %, i.e. increased more than 5 times. The trend with an increase in the number of children with myopia in the learning process is explained by the increased visual load of the high school curriculum. Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be associated with a significant myopic shift for children aged 6 to 8 years due to the visual load increase in and a decrease in time spent outdoors. Further research is needed to evaluate these results and long-term follow-up of these children.
El final de la vida a los veinte años de jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Adamo Ugo
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre la amplia temática del final de la vida. La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, que tiene su leading-case en la conocida sentencia Pretty y que reconoce un amplio margen de apreciación en relación con estos temas, empieza a tomar en consideración no solo el art. 2 (derecho a la vida), sino también el art. 8 (calidad de vida), una disposición que protege el derecho a elegir cuándo y cómo morir. La jurisprudencia europea demuestra que se está produciendo un «cambio de perspectiva» en el análisis de las prácticas eutanásicas que, en caso de someterlas a examen, resultan conformes al derecho a la vida si su ejercicio se somete a limitaciones y a procedimientos que protejan a las personas vulnerables.
Un diagnóstico constitucional de la reciente jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo español sobre las donaciones en régimen matrimonial
Authors: Vila Ramos Beatriz
Published: December 2021

Desde el año 2019 el criterio jurisprudencial de interpretación del derecho de reembolso en las donaciones entre esposos casados en régimen de gananciales se ha visto modificado, siendo admitido por el tribunal que aun cuando el bien mantenga el carácter ganancial, por haberlo manifestado expresamente ambos cónyuges en el momento de la adquisición, si se prueba que el dinero con el que realizó la adquisición procedía de caudal privativo, se reconoce el derecho de reembolso a favor del cónyuge que realizó la aportación, sin que se establezcan plazos y sin requerir haber realizado reserva alguna. A lo largo del artículo, y desde un enfoque constitucional, se analiza si el criterio seguido por el Tribunal Supremo vulnera el principio de igualdad, los principios básicos del Estado de derecho, o el especial deber que la Constitución establece para los poderes públicos de protección a la familia.
Effect of methylene blue and its metabolite — azure I — on bioenergetic parameters of intact mice brain mitochondria
Authors: Gureev A.P. , Samoylova N.A. , Potanina D.V. , Popov V.N.
Published: December 2021

Methylene blue is a phenothiazine dye that is widely used in medicine and clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. One of the factors of the unique therapeutic effect of methylene blue is its redox properties, allowing implementation of alternative electron transport — the dye accepts electrons from reducing equivalents in the mitochondria and transfer it them to other components of the respiratory chain or molecular oxygen. Azure I, an N-dimethylated metabolite of methylene blue, is potentially a more effective compound than methylene blue, but its ability for alternative electron transport has not been studied. We have shown that azure I, unlike methylene blue, is unable to restore the membrane potential in isolated mouse brain mitochondria, inhibited by rotenone and, therefore, is unable to perform bypass of the respiratory chain Complex I. Moreover, the addition of azure I does not affect the rate of mitochondrial respiration in contrast to methylene blue, which increases the rate of non-phosphorylation respiration. At the same time, both dyes stimulate an increase in H2O2 production. As a consequence, only methylene blue is capable of alternative electron transport, while azure I does not produce complex I bypass. This limits its therapeutic application only as a mitochondrial-targeted drug, but not as a substance with a potentially powerful antidepressant effect.
The Genus-Level Identification of Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) From Habitus Images with Convolutional Neural Network Classification
Authors: Tokmak Mahmut , Şen İsmail
Published: December 2021

Identifying an organism requires taxonomic expertise, time, and often adult specimens of that organism. Accurate identification of organisms is of great importance for sustainable agriculture, forestry and fisheries, combating pests and human diseases, disaster management, sustainable trade of biological products and management of alien invasive species. Advances in machine learning techniques have paved the way for the identification of animals by image analysis. In this context, it is aimed to test the success of different convolutional neural network (CNN) models in classifying leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dorsal habitus images at the genus level. In this study, a total of 888 habitus images belonging to 17 genera were obtained from a website on leaf beetles and five CNN models (ResNet-152, Alex-Net, DenseNet-201, VGG-16 and MobileNet-V2) were used to classify leaf beetle genera. Also, the classification performance of the models was compared. The most successful model was ResNet-152 with an accuracy rate of 97.74%. These results showed that Resnet-152 can be used to identify European leaf beetle genera. As a result of this study, it was concluded that as the number of images increases, the identification of leaf beetles at the genus level can be made more easily by using CNNs.
An unprecedented case: Salter Harris II Gartland modified IV fracture of the humeral palette with metaphyseal fragment olecranon fossa. Review of literature.
Authors: Burnei Gheorghe
Published: December 2021

Background. The Salter-Harris II fracture is the most common transphyseal fracture of all types of fractures, per-total and for each bone extremity that has a growth cartilage. This type of fracture rarely occurs in the humeral palette and the metaphyseal fragment is located laterally or medially. No cases with ventral or dorsal metaphyseal fragment have been described. Purpose. To bring into notice a fracture, type Salter-Harris II, with posterior metaphyseal fragment, represented by a posterior corticospongiosis lysereum(thickening) and the olecranon fossa, associated with periosteal rupture and soft tissue interposition. Study design: Case report Methods: A 9-year-old patient shows signs of traumatic injury, as a result of a direct impact on the right elbow. After a radiological examination, the diagnosis of Gartland type III supracondylar fracture is established, a closed reduction is practiced and it is immobilized in a plaster cast. The radiological control after the orthopedic reduction highlighted an unsatisfactory reduction. A surgery and an open reduction and internal fixing in "double X" were performed. Results: The preoperative diagnosis of Salter-Harris II fracture, with posterior Holland fragment, was made with difficulty and may be a surprise on intraoperative exploration. Open anatomical reduction and the fixation in "double X" allowed a firm synthesis of the fracture, verification of stability, intraoperatively, lack of mobilization in the plaster splint, starting recovery on the first postoperative day and full recovery of elbow mobility in 32 days. Conclusions: Salter Harris type II fracture with posterior fragment dislocated by tilting, translation and asymmetric rotation, irreducible is operated by open reduction and internal fixation. The fixation in "double X" ensured a better stabilization and allowed the recovery of flexion and extension in 32 days from surgery.
Role of mifepristone in pre-induction cervical ripening: a double blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Sood Sandeep , Goyal Bhupesh Kumar , Kaur Navpreet
Published: December 2021

Background: Mifepristone has been used for cervical priming and labour induction for long with modest success. This double-blind study compares mifepristone with placebo in causing cervical ripening and inducing spontaneous labour in women past their expected date of delivery.Methods: 200 women at 40 weeks gestation received mifepristone or placebo after Bishop score was assessed. 48 hours later, cervical score was rechecked. Improvement in Bishop score was noted as primary outcome measure. Incidence of spontaneous labour, cesarean delivery and meconium staining of liquor during labour was also monitored.Results: 16 women went into labour before 48 hours and 184 were evaluable. Improvement in Bishop score was noted in significantly more women in mifepristone group (82/94 versus 42/90, p<0.0001). Mean change in Bishop score was 3.22 in mifepristone group and 1.61 in placebo group. This advantage in cervical ripening with mifepristone did not translate into better obstetric outcome. The incidence of spontaneous labour (64/94 mifepristone versus 60/90 placebo), cesarean section (4/94 versus 12/90) and MSL (8/94 versus 10/90) was comparable in the two groups and did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions: Mifepristone has a beneficial effect on cervical ripening in term pregnancies but does not offer obstetric advantage in terms of higher rates of spontaneous labour or vaginal delivery.
Incidental retained intrauterine Lippe’s loop in 65 years old woman: a rare case report
Authors: Bansal Disha , Gupta Ranjana , Garg Aakriti , Srivastava Sakshi , Chaudhary Nitu
Published: December 2021

Intrauterine contraceptive devices are a widely used method of contraception. It is cheap, easy and an effective method. The first intrauterine device was Lippe’s loop which was double S shaped trapezoid loop introduced in 1962. Nowadays, third generation intrauterine devices are used which are effective for 5 and as well as 10 years. Here we presented a rare case of first generation of intrauterine device, that was, Lippe’s loop in a 65 year old lady which was found as an incidental finding. Intrauterine device insertion without the knowledge of women can lead to the forgotten device which can adversely affect the health of women.
Knowledge, attitudes, practices of teenagers on sexual health in the district of Ambohidratrimo
Authors: Rafamantanantsoa Jean F. , Ramontalambo Tantely J. , Randriananahirana Zina A. , Rakotoarison Cathérine N. R. , Rakotovao Andriamiadana L. , Rakotonirina Julio
Published: December 2021

Background: Talking about sex, sexuality, sexual health in many countries, including Madagascar, is very difficult because of the sacred and taboos that surround these questions but especially because of certain puritanism. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents in matters of sexual health.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents aged 10 to 19 seen in Ambohidratrimo district. The data were collected during the month of June and July 2019 and relate to data for the twelve months before the survey.Results: A total of 210 adolescents were recruited whose average age was 15.82±2.75 years and the sex ratio was 1:04. Eighty-six percent of the adolescents surveyed had heard of sexual health. Nine out of 10 adolescents would go to a health worker if they contract an STI. Almost a quarter or 23.8% of respondents declared having already had sexual intercourse.Conclusions: At the end of this study on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents on sexual health, they certainly have knowledge but considered average. Therefore, there is a need for sexuality education, seeking to improve knowledge and understanding of sexual development, human procreation, healthy and adapted sexual behavior and different means of contraception, on the part of adolescents, but also with the aim of improving communications between adolescents and their parent.
Clinical outcome of post placental IUD CuT380 insertion in terms of expulsion
Authors: Shabbir Quratulain , Usman Amna , Yasmeen Attiya , Zafar Humaira , Naz Falak , Faisal Sanober
Published: December 2021

Background: Insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) immediately after delivery has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), as one of the safe and effective methods of temporary contraception. In the immediate post delivery period the women are highly motivated and need an effective method for contraception so that the child can be brought up with a relaxed mind without the worry of unintended pregnancy. This approach is more applicable to our country where delivery may be the only time when a healthy woman comes in contact with health care personnel. However, immediate post-partum IUD insertion may have disadvantages as well. The risk of spontaneous expulsion may be unacceptably high.Methods: After taking approval from hospital ethical committee, all women planning vaginal delivery desiring IUD, admitted through OPD and emergency were evaluated in detailed on design Performa Performa include patient’s identity, age, parity, gestational age, no of alive children, outcome and timings of insertion. Informed consent was obtained. With aseptic precautions IUD was inserted with kellys forceps in the uterine cavity up to the fundus, then cervix was examined for thread (that should not be visible at cervix if proper insertion done). The procedure was performed by myself. Patients were followed at 6week by examining the threat of IUD. All the information was recorded by myself. Follow up was done by taking patients contact number.Results: In our study, out of 300 cases, 63.67% (n=191) were between 18-30 years of age while 36.33% (n=109) were between 31-40 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 29.49+4.62 years, mean gestational age was calculated as 38.53+0.94 weeks, mean parity was calculated as 3.49+1.06 paras. Frequency of expulsion in post placental intra uterine device cuT 380 insertions reveals in 8.67% (n=26).Conclusions: We concluded that the frequency of expulsion in post placental intra uterine device cuT 380 insertions is not significantly higher and appears to be safe and effective method of contraception.
Assessment of awareness level among dentist regarding COVID-19 dental practice in Jammu city: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta Ankita , Chhibber Needhika , Lihala Ratika , Vaid Pulkit , Abrol Tushar , Joshi Astha
Published: December 2021

Background: Dentistry being one of the most exposed professions to COVID-19 infection, it has become necessary to establish a clinical protocol that should be applied in the working environment, to prevent the spread of virus.Methods: This Cross-sectional study was carried out on 393 practicing dentist of Jammu city. A Structured questionnaire was sent via internet to all the participants. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data (6 questions) and questions evaluating awareness (15 questions) of Dentist during COVID-19 Pandemic. The total awareness score was calculated based on subject's responses. Descriptive statistics, independent t- test and one- way ANNOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results: Mean age of the participants was 32±7.03 years. Out of 393 participants 329 (83.7%) exhibited high level of knowledge. Based on educational qualification, those dental practitioner with MDS exhibited more mean knowledge score than BDS practitioner (14.428±0.8091 versus 12.641±2.688, p=0.000)Conclusions: Most of the study subjects had adequate knowledge regarding COVID- 19 dental practices. However, all the study participants were keen to attend educational programs/webinars to further upgrade their knowledge regarding COVID-19 dental practices.
Disinfection by 1% sodium hypochlorite through cold fogging: an innovative appropriate technology against COVID-19 in public health
Authors: Gupta Arun , Kaushik S. K. , Kapoor Suraj , Sabarwal Gurmesh S. , Bobdey Saurabh , Singh Kamalpreet
Published: December 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with a fragile outer lipid envelope that makes it more susceptible to disinfectants compared to non-enveloped viruses. In this article, dispensation through cold Fogger was innovated as a measure against aerosol-based transmission of COVID-19 in large, enclosed spaces like hospitals, nursing homes, isolation centers and quarantine facilities.Methods: Ecological exploratory to study 1% sodium hypochlorite through cold fogging as an innovative appropriate technology. Study setting included medical college in Western Maharashtra and the selected COVID-19 hospitals Statistical analysis-The data was collated in MS excel and analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0.Results: Average of 2.9 % HCWs got infected in hospitals where the innovation was used to disinfect, as compared to infections rates of 21.5% in other premier health institutes. There was strong negative correlation between percentage of health care infected and liters of sodium hypochlorite used with R2=0.56. Also, on applying Spearman correlation coefficient there was good negative correlation (-0.8).Conclusions: This appropriate technology has shown significant reduction in infection, with antecedent benefit of decreased morbidity and mortality of precious trained manpower. It gives much better dis-infection at 07 times less the cost and can be conveniently used for dis-infection against COVID-19 at the very periphery of primary health care delivery done at Sub-centres and PHCs.
The pattern of distant metastasis and clinicopathological factors associated with de-novo metastatic cervical cancer: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kannan J. , Saklani Amit , Mohanty Srigopal , Narapaneni Kiranmayee , George Deepak , Ingersalani N.
Published: December 2021

Background: Metastatic cervical cancer carries poor prognosis. The factors associated with distant metastasis in newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients are not clear.Methods: A retrospective analytical study was performed to study the pattern of distant metastasis, and to evaluate the factors associated with de-novo metastatic cervical cancer. Univariate and multivariate analysis (by MANOVA) were used to evaluate the association. P≤0.05 was considered significant.Results: Out of 1321 newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients, 54 (4.1%) had de-novo metastatic disease and most of which (81%) were found at single site. Common sites of distant metastasis were non-regional nodes, followed by liver, lung, peritoneum and bone. Univariate analysis showed the factors associated with de-novo metastasis were non squamous subtype, high grade histology, bulky primary tumor (>4 cm), pelvic/para-aortic lymphadenopathy, and hydroureteronephrosis. Multivariate analysis revealed the factors associated with de-novo metastasis were bulky primary tumor (>4 cm), high grade histology, pelvic/para aortic lymphadenopathy, hydroureteronephrosis.Conclusions: Newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients with bulky primary tumor, high grade histology, pelvic or para aortic lymphadenopathy, hydroureteronephrosis are associated with higher risk of de-novo distant metastasis.
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis on impact of e-learning in biochemistry in phase-I medical undergraduates
Authors: Gupta Preeti
Published: December 2021

Background: The concept of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis is to identify advantages, limitations, opportunities, and dangers of e-learning scaffolds in medical education detailed in the field of biochemistry, based upon the perception of stakeholders. It is used to assist faculties in initiating meaningful change in a program and to use the data for program improvement. The aim of the study is to identify, the strength, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of e-learning of biochemistry to MBBS first-year students.Methods: This educational intervention study was based on an online course, and was conducted at department of biochemistry, L. N. Medical College, Bhopal. 150 students, aged from 18 to 21 years, admitted to the MBBS phase-I, were recruited as a group I and faculties of biochemistry as group II to achieve the objectives of the study. The predesigned open questionnaire was administered to record their perception on e-learning classes.Results: The students and facilitator considered that the online teaching learning is easily accessible and flexibility of time but it also impart feeling of loneliness and unsuitable for skill development program. Though it gives an opportunity of accessibility for higher education for every-one in a very cost effective manner and allow them to balance between their education and job.Conclusions: The online learning is a flexible and assessable teaching learning method but its effectiveness remains subject of discussion. Hence further studies on large scale are required to justify it.
Type A4 truncus arteriosus: series of 3 cases focused on dual source multidetector CT angiogram findings
Authors: Verma Amit Kumar , Rawat Anil , Mishra Siddharth , Dikshit Nitin Arun
Published: December 2021

Truncus arteriosus (TA) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly caused by failure of normal conotruncal septation during the fetal development. This aberration leads to a common ventricular outflow artery over the malaligned large ventricular septal defect (VSD), supplying systemic, coronary and pulmonary circulation. People with such anomalous anatomy show variable presentation from early childhood to adult life depending on the severity of defects. We here present three cases of truncus arteriosus with aortic interruption / hypoplasia-coarctation (type A4 truncus arteriosus) with focus on relevant dual source MDCTA findings.
Rehabilitation in acute post COVID-19 symptoms with intracranial space occupying lesion: a case report
Authors: Rafii Qory Fitrahtul Aqidah , Hidayat M. Fitrah , Aryudha Teja
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease or cancer is more likely to develop serious illness. Acute post COVID-19 patients will get a variety of problems with normal functioning. Rehabilitation could be an effective method for decreasing COVID-19's effects on patient health and function. A 20 years old, female was diagnosed with COVID-19 5 weeks ago, it had been reported shortness of breath, difficult clearing phlegm, headache, nausea and vomiting. The patient had a history of intracranial space occupying lesion (SOL), cerebello pontine angle (CPA) tumor 3 years ago, craniotomy resection of 4th ventricular tumour one year ago and a second craniotomy scheduled for 2021. Several exercises were scheduled for patients including prone position, respiratory muscle training, controlled breathing techniques, bronchial hygiene-airway clearance techniques, aerobic exercise, three times a week, exercises were scheduled. After having completed the exercise program for four weeks, exercise improved shortness of breath, phlegm expenditure, muscle strength, improve lung recoil, vital capacity, range of motion, patient balance and the patient's ability to maximize activity.
Varicose veins: a clinical profile
Authors: Agarwal Pooja , Reza Ali , Desai Darshana , Vardey Mohit
Published: December 2021

Background: The CEAP classification includes classifying varicose veins on the basis of their clinical, etiological, anatomical and pathophysiological classification.Methods: It was a prospective study of 50 patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Kamothe, Maharashtra with varicose veins over a period of 2 years (November 2019 to November 2021). Institute Ethics Committee approval was obtained before start of study. All patients clinically diagnosed of symptomatic or complicated primary lower limb varicose veins with saphenofemoral and/or sapheno-popliteal incompetence with or without perforator incompetence were included. All cases with recurrent varicose veins were excluded. Result was tabulated and analysed at the end of the study using IBM SPSS software.Results: The age group with maximum varicose vein was between 21-30 years and incidence being more common in male population. The majority of the patients had massive varicose veins (C2). Pain was the most frequent presenting symptom. The majority of the study group had both saphenofemoral junction and perforator incompetence. Primary varicose veins are far more common (76%) than secondary and congenital varicose veins.Conclusions: Varicose veins are highly common in the Indian population. The CEAP classification has been a major contributor to advances in the field of varicose veins since its inception, and it has now become universally accepted due to its simplicity and reliability.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: a rare serial case report
Authors: Haryono Dedy C. , Kartika Muhammad , Hayuningrat Prima K. , Ismail Darmawan
Published: December 2021

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a rare congenital lung malformation which a part of the lung becomes polycystic. CCAM accounts for 25% of congenital lung malformations and 95% of lung lesions. Case 1 was a 5-month-old female infant who was diagnosed with pneumothorax, with multiple cysts in the right lung, using chest computed tomography (CT). Thoracotomy lung resection was performed. Case 2 was one-day-old newborn infant who had respiratory distress with Downe score 3. Multiple cystic lesions with septations in left lung was observed on chest CT. Lobectomy inferior lobes of left lung was performed. Both patients were diagnosed as CCAM type 1 pathologically. CCAM can be detected in the gestation by ultrasonography or after delivery through the appearance of respiratory distress signs.
Malunion fracture of supracondylar femur sinistra with post traumatic arthritis and stiffness at genu sinistra: a case report
Authors: Kuncoro Jimmy , Hutagalung Muhammad Bayu Zohari , Utomo Dwikora Novembri
Published: December 2021

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis could emerge immediately after an injury or one year after a bone fracture, ligament injury, and meniscal tears. In this case report, we present a 30 years old male who previously suffered from joint injury and thus lost the ability to flexion. This patient has already under went internal bone implantation surgery involving the implantation but was removed due to pain, and there was protruding implant on the left knee. On physical examination, there was varus deformity with flexion ranged between 0-5°. On radiological examination, malunion and narrowing of the joint surface were, as shown, clinically inhibit the flexion of the knee. We diagnose the patient with malunion supracondylar femur sinistra and post traumatic osteoarthritis genu sinistra. Liberation procedure (soft tissues release) and osteotomy of the distal femur were performed on this patient. On post-op radiological examination, the implant successfully widens the joint surface and holds the fracture fragment after it was reduced. The joint was immediately mobilize using the machine. It was shown that in a relatively short period, the range of motion could reach 90°. Three months post-op, evaluation was done, and it was clearly shown that the range of motion had not decreased.
The primary lumbar hernia with multiple defects: a rare case
Authors: Lavudya Gopisingh , Sainatham Chiranjeevi , Komarapu Lekha , Ramavath Krishna , Mohankumar Harshitha Rani Hassan , Sreepadagh Nuthan
Published: December 2021

Lumbar hernia is a rare entity of abdominal wall hernia. Due to varied presentation it poses a challenge in diagnosis and management to attending surgeon. The requirement of preoperative imaging and clinical examination has indispensable role in the diagnosis and surgical (open or laparoscopic) approach is the only treatment option. We are presenting a case of 44 year old male, diagnosed as lumbar hernia with multiple defects and successfully managed by laparoscopic mesh hernioplasty. The primary lumbar hernia is a rare entity that a surgeon may encounter once in his lifetime making it an interesting surgical challenge. The adequate knowledge of preoperative imaging and anatomy are indispensable. With advances in minimally invasive surgery, it can be applied to patients with lumbar hernia and management requires a more tailored approach. This condition can be managed by laparoscopic approach successfully.
Spontaneous alveolo-pleural fistula in a case of COVID-19 pneumonia-challenges and solutions: case report
Authors: Singla Ashita , Gupta Sanjay , Khan Washim Firoz
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 pneumonia has demonstrated a wide spectrum of clinical presentations that have yet to be completely uncovered. As this pandemic progresses, uncommon presentations of this disease have come into light. Development of broncho/alveolo-pleural fistula in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia is a rare phenomenon with only 4 cases reported in literature till date. A 61-year-old gentleman presented to the emergency department with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. His initial chest X-ray was suggestive of a viral pneumonia that was later confirmed to be due to COVID-19. The patient was put on non-invasive ventilator support and treated with empirical antibiotics, glucocorticoids, anti-viral medications and convalescent plasma therapy. Four weeks into the patient’s hospital course, his vital parameters suddenly deteriorated with a subsequent chest X-ray showing a tension pneumothorax, for which a chest tube insertion was done. However, when the air leak did not resolve by the 3rd day, a chest computed tomography (CT) was planned which showed a spontaneous alveolo-pleural fistula (APF). The patient was managed with conservative treatment using negative suction applied to an underwater seal, had his chest tube removed 10 days later and was discharged subsequently. Spontaneous fistulisation between broncho-alveolar tree and pleura can occur rarely in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and can be managed using underwater seal with negative suction, insertion of endobronchial valves or surgical closure, and needs to be individualised.
An unusual case of right iliac fossa lump-spigelian hernia: a case report
Authors: Ram Birma , Gopinath Manoj , Chaudhary Saroj , Johnson Desymol
Published: December 2021

Spigelian hernia is a relatively uncommon hernia of anterior abdominal wall, occurring in different anatomical tissue planes. It is a variant of inter-parietal hernia. Preoperative diagnosis of obstructed inter-parietal hernia is based on imaging. Once correctly diagnosed it is easily amenable to surgical repair. We present a case of Spigelian hernia presenting as right iliac fossa lump with features of small bowel obstruction.
Synthetic mesh placement - modality of choice in spontaneous intercostal pleural herniation: a case report
Authors: Vyas Shashwat , Goyal Amit
Published: December 2021

Hernia is defined as protrusion of a viscus or its part from the wall covering it and in some rare cases due to increased intercostal space there is spontaneous herniation of pleura and lung also known as extrathoracic lung hernia. A 48 year gentleman was admitted in our centre for chest wall swelling which has developed spontaneously 1 year back, painless, with cough impulse, further investigations like chest x-ray revealed nothing , subsequently CT thorax showed intercostal pleural hernia. He underwent surgery which diagnosed it as a case of intercostal pleural hernia having defect between 8th and 9th rib. Subsequently primary repair of defect was done with placement of monofilament mesh over it and then approximation of intercostal space was done with monofilament suture placed over 8th and 9th ribs. Post operatively patient had no complications and no recurrence of hernia. Spontaneous pleural herniation is a usually caused by coughing, heavy weight lifting, weakness of thoracic muscles by smoking, obesity etc. Ideal management is to treat the aetiology along with repair of the defect to prevent recurrence. In the present case the hernia developed after a bout of cough due to increased intercostal space between 8th and 9th ribs and also due to obesity leading to weak musculature. Intercostal pleural hernia repair can be achieved by primary repair of defect but it is advisable to use synthetic materials such as knitted monofilament polypropylene (Marlex) mesh to provide addition support to prevent recurrence.
Multivariate Analysis and Historiographic Approaches in the Study of the “Anschluss” of Austria, 1938
Authors: Pavlenko Olga
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the comparison of the Soviet and Russian historiography of the Anschluss of Austria in 1938. In the approaches of Soviet and Russian historians, there are significant differences in the study of the Anschluss. The article examines in detail not only the works of Soviet historians, but also the main publications of the archival documents prepared in the second half of the 1940s — 1950s by the NKID / USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the principle of selecting documents, analyzing published materials, etc.). At the heart of the Soviet interpretation there was the thesis of the diplomatic isolation of the USSR in the pre-war period, which prevented the Anschluss from being averted. In addition, it was stressed that Austria was the victim of German National Socialism. But, of course, the fact of supporting the Anschluss by the majority of the Austrians was not denied. The study of the Austrian Resistance movement was important. However, based on the research of Russian historians in the 1990s — 2000s it becomes obvious that one can not unequivocally speak of the diplomatic isolation of Moscow in the late 1930s. The situation was much more complicated. The key to further research was the declassification by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service of the archival material concerning the events of 1938—1939. More attention in recent years’ studies has been given to the role of the Polish factor, to the interests and ambitions of Warsaw.