bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coli‐Meningitis in a Newborn Infant: Report of a Case Treated With Streptomycin and a Study of the Formation of Antibodies
Authors: Magnusson J. Henning , Gille Gunnar , Laurell Gunnar
Published: January 2008

A report is given of a case of acute meningitis and an abscess in the left upper arm caused in a newborn girl by coli bacteria.

The antibody formation was studied. The infant was treated successfully with streptomycin.

Coli‐méningite chez un nouveau‐né

Rapport est fait d'un cas de méningite aiguë et d'un abcès du bras gauche, causés par le colibacille chez un nouveau‐né de sexe féminin. La formation d'anticorps fut étudiée. L'enfant fut traitée avec succès par la streptomycine.

Coli‐Meningitis bei einem neugeborenen Kind

Ein Bericht liegt vor über einen Fall akuter Meningitis und einem Abszess am linken Oberarm, verursacht durch den Bacillus coli bei einem neugeborenen Mädchen. Die Bildung von Antikörpern wurde untersucht. Das Kind wurde erfolgreich mit Streptomycin behandelt.

Sumario

Meningitis a coli en un recién nacido

Se describe un caso de meningitis aguda con un absceso en el brazo izquierdo en una niña recién nacida, producido por el bacilo Coli. Se estudio la formación de anticuerpos. El niño fue tratado con estreptomicina con buenos resultados.
Mortality Among Premature Infants
Authors: Selander Per
Published: January 2008

The author suggests some lilies along which data concerning premature babies should be arranged and worked up in order to permit comparisons between materials from different centers. Mention is made of Crosse's data from Birmingham as a model worthy of being followed. A comparison between her series of cases and a series from a Swedish provincial hospital shows that the premature mortality which plays so important a part in infant mortality should admit of being lowered by energetic measures during more especially the second to seventh days of life.

Resume

La mortalité chez les enfants nés avant terme

En quelques lignes l'auteur suggètre de présenter et grouper sous un angle de vue plus large les informations concernant les enfants nés avant terme de façon à perinettre une comparaison entre les rapports provenant de différents centres.

Comme exemple à conseiller il mentionne les résultats de Crosse, de Birmingham. Une coinparaison faite entre ses informations et celles d'un hôpital snédois de province montre qu'on peut admettre yue la niortalité. des enfants nés avant terme, facteur si important de la mortalité infantile, est susceptible d'être réduite par des mesures énergiyues, plus spécialement du 2ème au 7ème jour après la naissance.

Die Sterblichkeit bei Frühgeburten

Der Verfasser schlägt einige Richtlinien Tor, uin Daten, die sich auf Frühgeburten beziehen, mehr allgeinein aufzustellen und auszuarbeiten, und urn die Möglichkeit zu bieten, das Material aus verschiedenen Gebieten zu vergleichen. Als nachahmenswertes Vorbild werden die Crosse schen Daten aus Birmingham erwahnt. Ein Vergleich zwischen dieseni Material und einem aus einem schwedischen provinzialen Krankenhaus zeigt, dass die Sterblichkeit bei Frühgeburten, ein so wichtiger Faktor bei der Kindersterblichkeit, dnrch energische Massnahmen, die ganz besonders vom zweiten bis siebenten Lebenstag an zu ergreifen sind, herabgesetzt werden könnte.

Sumario

La mortalidad en los niños premnturos

El autor sugiere lineas directrices segun las cuales, todos los datos concernientes a niños preniaturos, deben de ser organizados de tal manera y trabajarse en tal forma, que perinita realizar una comparación entre el material de los distintos centros.

Como modelo que vale la pena segnirse se mencionan los datos de Crosse de Birmingham. La comparación de su material con el de un hospital de provincia de Suecia, demuestran yue la mortalidad de los prematuros, un factor tan importante en la mortalidad infantil, puede ser disminnido por niedio de medidas enérgicas, especialmente en el curso del 2 al 7 dia de vida.
On Serious Birth Injuries of the Brain after Normal Delivery à Terme
Authors: de LANGE CORNELIA
Published: January 2008

Two further cases are reported confirming the author's opinion that a normal delivery at fall term not precludes serious intracranial birthinjuries. (Cfr AP vol. XXXVIII 1949, page 383.)

On rapporte encore deux cas qui confirment l'opinion des auteurs que l'accouchement normal à terme n'exclut pas les graves lésions intracrâniennes à la naissance. (Cf. AP vol. XXXVIII 1949, page 383.)

Zwei weitere Fälle werden berichtet, die die Auffassung des Verfassers bestätigen, dass eine normale rechtzeitige Geburt ernsthafte intrakraniale Geburtsfehler nicht aussohliesst. (Vgl. AP vol. XXXVIII 1949, Seite 383.)

Se da cuenta de dos casos más que confirman la opinión de los autores de que el parto a término normal no excluye las lesiones graves intracranianas en el nacimiento. (Comp. AP vol XXXVIII 1949, pág. 383.)
Two Cases of Thallium Poisoning
Authors: CARLGREN LARS‐ERIK
Published: January 2008

Two cases of thallium poisoning in children after the ingestion of rat poison are described. In such cases, treatment with cystine or dried yeast is worthy of trial.
Primary Cancer of the Liver in a Boy Aged Two Years
Authors: BROLÉN S.
Published: January 2008

A boy of 2 years (Case 128/50, H. M., born Jan. 10, 1948) with juvenile cancer of the liver has recently been attended in the Children's Department of the Nyköping Hospital. As the case offers certain points of differential diagnostic interest, a brief account of it is submitted below.
Interstitial Plasma Cell Pneumonia Report of 2 Cases
Authors: WALTHER THEODOR
Published: January 2008

Report of 2 cases of interstitial plasma cell pneumonia.
Some Considerations on the Evolution of Current Knowledge of Tuberculosis in Infants and Children
Authors: NELSON WALDO E.
Published: January 2008

From an early age as a medical man Wallgren was interested in the clinical picture of tuberculosis. Through his numerous publications in this field he has exerted a great influence on current conceptions of tuberculosis in childhood. His largest work, with Miller as a co‐author, is “Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Adults and Children” (New York, 1939). The Editorial Committee is happy to have a review in this field presented by Dr Waldo E. Nelson of Philadelphia.
Tuberculosis Immunity in Sarcoidosis Studied with the Aid of Radioactive BCG Vaccine
Authors: LÖFGREN SVEN , STRÖM LARS , WIDSTRÖM GÖSTA
Published: January 2008

1. The relationship between tuberculin sensitivity and tuberculosis immunity was studied in 39 cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis. The tuberculosis immunity was assessed by following the absorption of intradermslly injected BCG vaccine.

3. A depression of tuberculin sensitivity was noted chiefly in cases of generalized and/or chronic sarcoidosis.

3. Signs of enhanced tuberculosis immunity (the so‐called positive anergy were not to be observed in the present series. In several grave cases of sarcoidosis, absorption of radioactive BCG vaccine was instead decidedly rapid, which suggests a decrease in tuberculosis immunity.

4. No parallelism emerged between the degree of tuberculin sensitivity and of tuberculosis immunity.
The Feeding of Premature Infants
Authors: ARIZTÍA ANIBAL , HOWARD JORGE E. , ASPILLAGA MANUEL , JARPA SERGIO
Published: January 2008

The operating of a Premature Center, installed in a children's hospital, which forms part of a Medical Unit together with a large Maternity Unit, is described. The feeding routine used in 311 prematures admitted in a 7‐month period is studied. Schenistically this routine is the following: initial complete fasting period during the first 24 hours of life, followed by small fractionated feeds, 8 or 10 a day, of either skimmed or half skimmed breast milk, with added amounts of amino acids after the 9th day. The feeds are gradually increased in volume and decreased in frequency, so that by the third week the prematures only receive 5 meals in the 24‐hour period. The calorie intake during the first week is under 70 calories per kg and afterwards never exceeds 100 or 115. To replace human milk, babeurre at greater dilutions than usual is used, a preparation that supplies 53 calories for every 100 cc, and is composed of 3 g of protein, 0.8 g of fat and 9.5 g of carbohydrates per cent. After the third week, 300 cc of this formula, with added aminoacids is given. Thus the premature receives 4 to 6 g of protein, 1.5 to 3 g of fat, and 16 to 30 g of carbohydrates per kg per day.

The results obtained are analyzed, revealing a 39.3 per cent death rate, which, although high, is lower than those registered for a similar group in the different maternity hospitals of this country. This high figure is explained, besides the fact that admission is restricted to prematures under 2000 g at birth (accepting only complicated prematures over this weight), by the unfavourable general condition of these prematures on arrival. Of the survivors, 65 per cent adjust themselves to Holt's schematic curves.
Congenital Idiopathic Hypoprothrombinemia1
Authors: CREVELD S. VAN
Published: January 2008

Attention is drawn to the fact that a prolongation of the prothrombin time existing from birth may be due to a decrease of prothrombin, to a decrease of the recently described prothrombin conversion factors, and to a combination of both. Therefore, apart from true hypoprothrombinemia, pseudo‐hypo‐prothrombinemia must be distinguished. These advances in our knowledge make it necessary to reconsider cases earlier indicated as congenital idiopathic hypoprothrombinemia.

A family with true congenital idiopathic, hypoprothrombinemia is described in detail. With the plasma of one of the members of this family the problem of the formation of thromboplastin was studied.
Le Nanisme avec oligurie et oligodipsie
Authors: DEBRÉ ROBERT
Published: January 2008

Resumé

Avec J. MARIE, nous avons, en 1937, décrit un syndrome caractérisé par l'association possible d'un nanisme avec un trouble du mktabolisme de l'eau s'opposant point à point à celui du diabète insipide hypothalamo‐post‐hypophysaire: oligodipsie, oligurie, opsiurie, concentration urinaire é1evé en permanence.

Nous avons observé personnellement quatre cas de ce genre. G. DOLIVO en a rapporté trois et M. LAMP un. II semble bien btabli que ce syndrome est liéà une insuffisance globale du lobe antbrieur de l'hypophyse. Nons avons, avec P. ROYER, J. J. ALLOITEAU et A. SPAHR, essayé de fournir cette demonstration et nous exposons ici les arguments qui plaident en faveur de cette hypothése.

L'antidiurkse aqueuse entrainée par l'insuffisance anté‐hypophysaire pose des problèmes que les cliniciens ont jusqu'ici peu explorés et que les physiologistes n'ont pas encore parfaitement résolus.

Dans un de nos cas, la correction des troubles du métabolisme de l'eau parl'administration de cortisone, d'ACTH et de désoxycorticostérone laisse penser, si notre observation est vérifiée, que le déficit en ACTH est responsible du syndrome d'oligurie et oligodipsie, qui accompagne ce nanisme particulier.
Beiträge zur Pathologie der Blutgerinnung
Authors: FANCONI G.
Published: January 2008

Es werden folgende Beiträge zur Gerinnungspathologie aus dem Kinder‐spital Zurich zusammengefasst:

1 Hinweis auf die untersuchungen Cramersümophilie B (Christ mas disease).

2. Drei Fäille von liypocalcämischer Gerinnungsstärung, wobei offengelassen wird, ob die Gerinnungsstärung die direkte Folge der Hypocalcamie ist oder ob es sich nur um ein zufälliges Zusammentreffen handelt.

3. Kurzbericht äber zwei Fälle von akutem Factor‐V‐Mangel, welche unter dem Bilde der postscarlatinösen Purpura fulminans einhergingen; der eine Fall konnte durch eine Exchange transfusion gerettet werden.

4. Bericht iiber die Aufklärung der Gerinnungsstörung im Verlauf der Coeliakie, welche zuerst als Scorbutoid (1937), dann als Hypothrombinämie (1928) geschildert wurde, und schliesslich 1938 als Hypoprothrombinamie infolge Störung der K‐Vitaminresorption aufgeklärt wurde.

5. Beschreibung eines Falles von idiopatischer permanenter Hypoprothrombinämie, der nur durch Bluttransfusion am Leben erhalten werden konnte.

6. Bericht über eine eigenartige Dysproteinämie im Verlaufe schwerer Leberstörungen bei Lues congenita und bei Sympathogonioni mit Metastasen in der Leber. Fanconi schlug 1941 den Namen Fibrinasthonie vor. Die Niederschlage im Blutausstrich bestehen jedoch nicht aus Fibrin, sondern stammen aus der Gammaglobulinfraktion, die Makroglobulincharakter (WILLI und KOLLER) hat. Das Fibrinogen ist auch stark vermehrt, es ist aber noch nicht geklärt, ob die Fibrinbildung gehenimt ist.
Folic Acid Antagonists and ACTH in the Treatment of Leucemia in Children.
Authors: FOGHT‐NIELSEN K.‐E. , FRIIS‐HANSEN B. , PLUM M.
Published: January 2008

By treatment of 22 children with acute leucemia by ACTH and/or folic acid antagonists, complete and partial remissions have been obtained in 13 patients, in a total number of 32. The average survival time of all these 22 patients is 7 months, and that of the 13 who got remissions, 10 months. Twenty‐two patients from an earlier period survived 4 months on an average.

The best results have been obtained by alternating treatment by ACTH initially and at relapses and a‐methopterin in maintenance dosages during the remissions.

The burden and painfulness of the disease seem to be relieved by the treatment even if the final result is unaltered.
Zur Kenntnis der Cystinosis
Authors: FREUDENBERG E. , ROULET F.
Published: January 2008

1. Klinischer und pathologisch‐anatomischer Bericht über einen neuen Cystinosefall nebst Ergänzungen zu fruheren Beobachtungen.

2. Hinweis auf das Vorkommen von Nadelformen und Versuch dasselbe zu erklären. Differenzen der Lokalisation und Verteilung gegenüber den Cystinplättchen sowie die positive Tyrosinasereaktion berechtigen vorläufig zur Annahme, dass Tyrosin vorliegt.
The Incidence of Involuntary Marital Childlessness
Authors: GYLLENSWÄRD CURT
Published: January 2008

The incidence of involuntary marital childlessness has long been given, and is still given, as 15 to 10 per cent. Approximately this incidence is, in fact, found in marriages with a minimum duration of 15 years in investigations made in Scandinavia both around 1890 and 1930.

It is demonstrated that the incidence was, in reality, only about 3 per cent, in marriages of at least 15 years' duration and a maximum age of the wife at rnaxriege of 30 years, in a population in the midlands of Sweden, comprising both urban and rural districts, during the 18th and 19th centuries. This figure also applies in the following cases: the whole population of Sweden in the census of 1930; in marriages of at least 15 years' duration and a maximum age of the wife at marriage of 30 years, in all marriages‐irrespective of the duration—in a limited, well—situated population group in rural districts in Sweden in 1930; and in marriages of 10–15 years' duration, and an age at marriage of 20–24 years, in a population employed in agriculture and subsidiary occupations in the census of the same year. The actual involuntary infertility niay be presumed to be still lower, since stillbirths, many deaths in early infancy, and abortions are not included.

It is shown that a successive displacement of not inconsiderable extent has occurred, in that voluntary childlessness is practised during a longer period of the marriage, and thus until the wife is older than was formerly the case. This also applies in marriages in which a t least one child is eventually born. Even during the 19th century, a tendency is found—which thereafter has increased successively—for the wife to be disinclined to give birth to a child at this higher age and, in fact, as soon as after 25–30 years of age. The possible influence of this factor on later attempts to conceive is discussed.

It is concluded that the view that voluntarily completely childless marriages are rare on psychological grounds has presumably long ceased to be generally applicable to large population groups in Sweden.

It is pointed out that it is incorrect, from the point of view of population policy, to withhold social benefits—such as the children's allowance—from the first child, and to base such a policy on the hope that efforts will always be made to have at least one child.
Sucrosuria with Mental Defect and Hiatus Hernia
Authors: MONCRIEFF ALAN , WILKINSON R. H.
Published: January 2008

Three instances are described of the association in early childhood of sucrosuria, mental retardation and an anomaly of the lower end of the ocsophagus, thus producing the three types of congenital abnormality in the one subject—inborn metabolic error, mental defect and an anatomical abnormality. Autopsy findings in one case revealed a congenital defect in the brain, thus ruling out any hypothesis that the mental retardation might be associated with a sucrosaemia. It is concluded that the sucrosuria resulted essentially from rapid absorption of the unsplit disaccharide but technical difficulties made it impossible to investigate further the failure of splitting or its degree. The previous, scanty, literature mostly deals with similar instances, as far as the sucrosuria is concerned, of exogenous origin. Careful study of the sugars fed and subsequently passed in the urine revealed a more complicated story than that of excessive alimentary absorption of sucrose and urinary excretion. Provisional “normal” values for urinary sugars obtained by chromatography are suggested. The close association of lactose and sucrose in the diet in relation to the occurrence of sucrose in the urine seems definitely established in the cases reported. Glucose metabolism was unaffected
Um das Waterhouse‐Syndrom
Authors: RUDDER B. DE
Published: January 2008

Das “Waterhouse‐Syndrom” ist ausschliesslich ein pathologisch‐anatomischer Begriff, niimlich Bezeichnung für eine mit Nebennierenlasion einher‐gehende foudroyante Sepsis. Da der Krankheitsablauf auch ohne diese Läsion in gleicher Schwere erfolgen kann, ist durch diese Bezeichnung über die nosologische Bedeutung der Lasion nichts ausgesagt. Wer ihr einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf zuschreiben will, mag bei nachgewiesener Nebennierenblutung weiter von Waterhouse‐Friderichsen‐Syndrom sprechen; er muss sich dann nur darüber klar bleiben, dass diese Annahnie vorerst eine rein hypothetiache ist, für die er den Beweis schuldig bleibt.
Ascariasis in the Tropics
Authors: SILVA C. C. DE
Published: January 2008

Ascaris is one of the most prevalent and dangerous diseases of children of all underdeveloped countries. This is due to poverty, ignorance, low standards of sanitation and hygiene, especially the pollution of the soil by younger children. The problem is not only medical but socio‐economic as well. The chief hope of an early improvement lies in the discovery and use by public health authorities of a cheap ovicidal drug which can be sprayed on the soil and on the floors of houses.

Ascaris lunibricoides is the commonest intestinal parasite seen in children between 1–10 years of age, its chief incidence lying between the ages of 1–6 years. The clinical syndromes are fully described and classified under (1) Gastro‐intestinal [medical or surgical], (2) Respiratory, (3) Nervous, (4) Pyrexial with enlargement of the liver, (5) Atypical and unusual cases due to migration of adult worms and larvae, and (6) Allergic.

Treatment is indicated briefly. Santonin, Hetrazan, Banocide and Hexylresorcinol are the only drugs used by us. No vermifuges should be given to cases that me seriously ill with vomiting or toxaemia or have massive infestations till these disorders have first been overcome.
The Iodine Content of Human Milk in Finland
Authors: LAHESMAA PIRKKO , VILKKI PANU
Published: January 2008

The idoine content was determined in samples of mother's mil obtained from two areas of Finland which differ in the incidence of goitre. The mean iodine content of goitre. The mean content of mother's milk was found to be 53.3±1.4 μg/L in 107 milk samples from 42 mohers in the non‐goitrous Turku area and 25.1±μ/L in 18 milk samples from 18 mothers in the goitrous Kuopio area. The difference between the two mean values is highly significant. The mean iodine content of samples taken in August was lower than that of samples taken in December, but this difference was statistically significant in the Turku area only. No convincing daily rhythm was observed in the iodine content of the milk and the level of the protein bound iodine in the serum of the mother.
Hymenal Polyps in Newborn Infants
Authors: BORGLIN NILS ERIK , SELANDER PER
Published: January 2008

Polypoid formations originating from the dorsal edge or dorsal margin of the hymen or just cranial to it occur in about 6% of all newborn girls. They consist of embryonal rests of the uro‐rectal septum. These polyps are always benign and disappear spontaneously within a few weeks.
A Clinical and Electroencephalographic Study of a Pair of Monozygotic Twins with Phenylketonuria
Authors: HERRLIN KARL‐MAGNUS
Published: January 2008

A pair of monozygotic male twins with phenylketonuria, born in 1943, and reared together, were studied clinically and with EEG. Their oligophrenia, epilepsy and EEG findings show appreciable differences. One twin has relatively high intellectual capacity (IQ 55) and 3 per second spike and wave epilepsy, whereas the other is a low grade imbecile (IQ 26) with epilepsy of a focal type. The only known lesional factor is their metabolic disturbance.
Morbidity and Mortality among Infants under Supervision at Child Welfare Centres and Non‐Supervised Infants
Authors: KARLSTRÖM FRITZ
Published: January 2008

During the five‐year periods 1944–1948 and 1956–1960, 23,450 and 19,699 infants, respectively, were born in the province of Värmland. Of these, 93% and 95% respectively were registered at child welfare centers. Using admissions at the paediatric clinic of Karlstad Hospital as a basis, the morbidity and mortality rates for certain diseases were calculated. The incidence of these diseases among infants between 3 and 12 months of age who attended or did not attend these centres is presented. It was found that for all disease groups, the morbidity was very much higher among the infants not under control at the centres. This was particularly evident in the rickets and tetany group. Mortality was also much higher among the non‐supervised infants. The activities of the welfare centres cannot be entirely responsible for these results. This investigation clearly indicates, however, that the centres are of great significance to infant health. In addition, their importance did not lessen during the 12 year interval between the two 5‐year periods. The children not under supervision are, in general, in poorer physical condition than those registered at the welfare centres, and everything possible should be done to improve their situation.
Mental Development Following Maternal Rubella: A Follow‐Up Study of Children Born in 1951–1952
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM ROLF , AHNSJÖ SVEN
Published: January 2008

Children of mothers who had contracted rubella in early pregnancy in 1951–1952 showed a higher incidence of subnormal head circumference than did control children. They also showed a delayed functional development, as judged from the age at which they sat and/or stood by themselves. “School‐maturity” tests were performed in 449 children with histories of maternal rubella in the first five months of pregnancy and in 403 controls at 7 years of age. Of 78 children with histories of rubella in the second month of pregnancy, 26% were “school‐immature”, compared with 13% of the 403 controls. This difference was significant. No such differences were observed for the first‐, third‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐month rubella children, but for the third‐month group a tendency was noted. Of 120 second‐month rubella children and of 153 third‐month children, 13% and 11% respectively had a record of school entry postponement, compared with 3% of 629 controls. Of the 120 second‐month children, 30% were assigned by their teachers to the bottom third of the class, as against only 21% of the controls. These differences were significant. No such differences were demonstrable among the first‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐month rubella children, as compared with the controls. The results of this investigation have underlined the need for a psychometric study of a limited number of the children here reported. Such a study will be reported in the near future.
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: ROBERTSON BENGT , SUNDELIN PÄR
Published: January 2008

Two cases of generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease are reported. The first was a 5‐day‐old boy with gastro‐intestinal symptoms and multiple perforation of the small intestine. Autopsy disclosed advanced cytomegalic changes in the kidneys, and dispersed inclusions in the lungs, liver, pancreas and hypophysis. The other case was a 7‐week‐old boy with a clinical picture of respiratory distress, who died after three weeks of respirator therapy. The autopsy showed interstitial pneumonia and cytomegalic changes in the lungs, kidneys and liver. With regard to the possibility of diagnosing the disease intra vitam by cytologic analysis of the urinary sediment, the presence of isolated cytomegalic cells in renal tubules is a feature of interest in both these cases.
Consumption of Calories and Nutrients by Diabetic and Non‐Diabetic Schoolchildren: A Dietary Study Based on the 24‐Hour Recall Method
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

Various dietary study methods in common use are discussed and the results of an investigation carried out among all juvenile diabetics in Stockholm and matched controls are given. The 24‐hour recall method is applied for 252 children and the results are compared with the recommended allowances given by the U.S. National Research Council.

Both for calories and nutrients, most of the figures in the various age groups and materials are below the given norms. The diabetics had a lower caloric consumption than the controls and, especially the girls, were unfavourably situated as regards certain nutrients. The school lunch gave satisfactory intakes among the non‐diabetics for all nutrients except iron and ascorbic acid. Higher protein and lower carbohydrate percentages were observed among the diabetic boys as compared with the non‐diabetics, but there was hardly any difference among the girls. Both non‐diabetic girls and boys had a high fat consumption. The results of a comparison between groups of diabetic children given different dietary prescriptions are discussed.

It is concluded that children with diabetes mellitus need much instruction and teaching to give satisfactory quality to their diet.
The Sign of the Pulsating Candle‐Light
Authors: ASK‐UPMARK ERIK
Published: January 2008

Attention is called to a simple bedside test, pathognomonic for cicatricial pericarditis: the flickering pulsation of the light of a candle held before the open airways of a patient holding his breath in inspiration.
Anorexia and Brain Tumour
Authors: BRANDBERG OLOF
Published: January 2008

Two sisters, who resembled each other, both fell ill, at the age of three years, from progressive anorexia, which, during a course of about two and three years respectively, proved fatal. The elder sister died in her home and had then suffered from epileptic seizures, indicating a brain lesion. This had previously been conjectured; most probably a brain tumour may be suspected. The younger sister died from severe prostration at the hospital. In her case there were EEG changes which could indicate tumour cerebri; this suspicion was confirmed post mortem.
Transplacental Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: CAVELL BERTIL
Published: January 2008

A case of probable transplacental metastasis of malignant melanoma from mother to fetus is described. At 2 months of age the infant displayed soft tissue tumors and pulmonary lesions, metastasization of malignant melanoma having occurred shortly before delivery in the mother. The lesions in the infant were thought to be metastasis. These lesions disappeared within a few weeks and on examination at 2 years the child appeared healthy. Observations made in this case and three similar ones in the literature suggest that the induction of immunological tolerance during gestation may play a role in the prognosis of tumor disease in the infants.
Evaluation of the Prontosil Liver Test in Newborns and Infants
Authors: KJELLMAN BENGT
Published: January 2008

The value of the prontosi! liver function test was studied in newborns and infants. The excretion of prontosil with urine was found to be significantly higher during the first year of life than later. Whether this difference should be ascribed to a lower secretory capacity of the liver is uncertain, because the result of the test is not dependent on liver function alone but also on other factors. No difference of the results was found between newborns with so called idiopathic hyperbilirubinaemia and normal newborns. The wide variation of the results of the test in newborns and infants above the newborn period limits the value of the test for this age.
Acquired Toxoplasmic Encephalitis
Authors: SJÖVALL KJELL , KÖHLER LENNART
Published: January 2008

Description of a case of psychic complaints in an 11‐year‐old schoolgirl, where the anamnesis and clinical picture, spinal fluid changes, EEG, and nystagmographic changes, and toxoplasmic titers strongly suggest a diagnosis of acquired toxoplasmic encephalitis.
Allergic Children with Various Symptoms Caused by Cow's Milk
Authors: WILKEN‐JENSEN KNUD
Published: January 2008

Eight children from four months to twelve years of age with various symptoms from skin, nose, ears, blood and the gastrointestinal tract are described. The symptoms seem to have been provoked by an allergy to milk and milk products and were demonstrated by elimination diet and provocation tests. It is pointed out that these tests must be repeated if necessary, to ensure their reliability. These patients may or may not have an allergic history, eosi‐nophilia and positive cutaneous reactions.
2. Icterus Neonatorum. Pathological‐Anatomical Considerations
Authors: TYGSTRUP I.
Published: January 2008

In a collection of 19 cases of kernicterus the pathological‐anatomical changes have been studied. Alterations were found in the globus pallidus, nucleus subthalamicus, hippocampus and to a slighter degree in the thalamus. No changes were found in the putamen and nucleus caudatus. The correlation with clinical findings is dicussed.
Cystinuria and Cystine Urolithiasis in Childhood
Authors: PRUZANSKI W.
Published: January 2008

Among 56 cases of cystinuria, in fifteen (2700) the disease was discovered at the preadolescent age. Eight out of 21 cases of cystine urolithiasis began to suffer in their childhood, which gave the rate of 3800‐much higher than it is usually encountered in the literature. Renal colic, hematuria, urinary retention and urinary tract infections may appear very early and lead subsequently to renal failure. The stones are almost always bilateral and multiple. Repeated surgical procedures are frequent.

Cumulative data on 31 children with cystine stones and prolonged follow‐up in 24 of them showed that the disease is serious and sometimes fatal. Four patients with cystine lithiasis died a t young ages, which gives a mortality rate of 13%.

An infant with bilateral cystine lithiasis and hypertension expired at the age of 7 months, is a unique and youngest case, reported in the literature.

It seems that cystinuria and cystine lithiasis are more frequent in infancy and childhood than it was believed before and that it is a serious and sometimes fatal disease. Consequently, in each discovered case a regular and prolonged therapy should be undertaken.
Total Tracheopulmonary Agenesis Associated with Asplenia, Agenesis of Umbilical Artery and Other Anomalies
Authors: DEVI BANTI , MORE J. R. S.
Published: January 2008

A case of bilateral pulmonary agenesis and the first of total tracheopulmonary agenesis, is reported. In addition to absence of the lower portion of the larynx, trachea and lungs, there were several cardiac abnormalities, including a common atrio‐ventricular valve, persistent ostium primum, interventricular septa1 defect, truncus arteriosus and absence of both pulmonary trunk and arteries. Additional malformations present included a persistent left superior vena cava, left azygos vein, absence of the spleen, gastric hypoplasia and a hemivertebra. The embryology of the defects in the present case is discussed with particular reference to their time of onset and causation and the important findings compared with those of previously published cases. It is suggested that inception of splenic development may occur earlier than has previously been postulated.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita A Case of Neurogenic Origin
Authors: VESTERMARK BIRGIT
Published: January 2008

A case of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in a girl, who died three days old, is described. Microscopy of the spinal cord revealed total loss of the motor cells of the anterior horn. The characteristics of this neurogenic disorder and its relation to myogenic a.m.c. and to Werdnig Hoffmann's disease are discussed.
Evidence from Bone Growth that Most of the Infants Dying in the Neonatal Period had been 111 Before Birth
Authors: EMERY JOHN L.
Published: January 2008

A survey of the pattern of growth, as revealed by the structure of the costo‐chondral junction, suggests that the great majority of infants dying in the neonatal period had intrauterine disease antedating labour. This involves approximately 60% of premature birth deaths and around 75 % of perinatal deaths at term.
Paraplegia in Childhood Malignant Disease
Authors: KEIDAN S. E.
Published: January 2008

1. Five cases of paraplegia due to secondary malignant disease in children are described.

2. There was one case of generalized lymphosarcoma; one case of acute leukaemia who had recurrent neurological complications, paraplegia developing terminally; one case of metastatic Wilm's tumour; one case of Ewing's sarcoma; and one case in which the histological diagnosis was not confirmed, but was probably lymphosarcoma.

3. Tumours of the spinal cord and appendages are uncommon in children and are more often primary than secondary.

4. Spread to the spinal canal may be by direct extension from the abdomen or vertebrae or by blood‐borne metastases.

5. The management of paraplegia includes care of the bladder, the bowels and of the skin.
Clinical Considerations, EEG and EMG Studies, in Subacute Sclerosing Leucoencephalitis
Authors: KYRIAKIDOU V.
Published: January 2008

Clinical considerations, as well as EEG and EMG studies from 8 patients, 7 males and one female, 5 to 11 years old, with SSLE are reported.

Mental deterioration, involuntary rythmic movements coinciding with periodic EEG complexes, were constant findings. In all cases the EEG showed periodic discharges, at intervals of 5 to 20 seconds, on a more or less disorganized background activity. The EMG study revealed that the action potentials of the involuntary movements occurred at about the beginning of the periodic EEG changes.

In deep sleep spontaneous jerking ceased while the EEG complexes persisted.

Some activation of the rythmic discharges in the EEG appeared to occur during sleep and photic stimulation.
L'hypercalciurie idiopathique avec nanism e et atteinte rénale chez l'enfant
Authors: ROYER PIERRE
Published: January 2008

Les observations d'un syndrome comportant un nanisme, une ostóorose, un trouble de concentration des urines, une protéinuric de type tubulaire et une hypercalciurie sont analysées.

Le rachitisme, la néphrocalcinose et la lithiase urinaire peuvent compléter le tableau. Les biopsies rénales montrent une image normale ou une néphrite inter‐stitielle en foyer.

La physiologie pathologique est obscure. Deux thérapeutiques peuvent supprimer l'hypercalciurie tout en améliorant le bilan calcique: l'hydrochlorothiazide et surtout le régime pauvre en chlorure de sodium. Les premiers résultats de nos régimes pauvres en chlorure de sodium, en ce qui concerne en particulier la reprise de la croissance en taille, semblent trés encou‐rageants.
Some Genetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis. A Study of Nail and Sweat Sodium in Two Sibships1
Authors: SHWACHMAN HARRY , KOPITO LOUIS
Published: January 2008

The rationale for studying tissue that stores sodium as it occurs in nails is presented. The results of our studies on the concentration of sodium in 242 patients with C.F., 63 healthy children, 171 parents of children with C.F., 51 healthy adults and 184 siblings of patients with cystic fibrosis are presented. The elevated nail sodium concentration was detected in over 95 % of the patients with C.F. and in no patient with C.F. was the value less than 80 mEq/Kg. Seven out of 8 children born to parents, one of whom had C.F., showed elevated nail sodium. By definition these healthy children are the only presently recognized heterozygotes in infancy. The sibling group showed a wide range of values suggesting the possibility of indicating the heterozygote.

The nail and sweat sodium results in three generations of two selected sibships is shown in graphic form. Variations are noted which indicate that this type of study does not select the heterozygote for the gene of cystic fibrosis.

The usefulness of the measurement of nail sodium is stated. It is hoped that this report will stimulate others to seek other methods for detecting the heterozygote.
A PATIENT WITH HEREDITARY GALACTOSEMIA STUDIED WITH A SCREENING METHOD FOR GALACTOSE IN URINE
Authors: DAHLQVIST A. , JAGENBURG R. , MARK A.
Published: January 2008

A case of hereditary galactosemia in a newborn infant is reported. Dietary treatment was started on the 9th day of life, which caused a dramatical improvement in the patient's condition. Diagnosis was confirmed by assay of galactose in urine and blood, and finally by demonstration of the enzyme deficiency in the red blood cells of the patient. Both parents had low values for galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyl transferase activity in red blood cells, in agreement with the fact that they are heterozygotes for hereditary galactosemia.

A recently described test paper for galactose in urine was used both in the diagnosis of the disease and for the control of the suitability of the patient's diet.

In addition to galactose, the urine also contained large anounts of galactitol. On the introduction of galactose‐free diet, galactitol dis‐appeared from the urine more slowly than did galactose.

There was an increased concentration of amino acids in the blood and in the urine, as a result of liver damage and also decreased tubular reabsorption. Also the aminoaciduria and the increased blood amino acid concentration disappeared on galactose‐free diet.
AMINO ACID PATTERNS IN PLASMA AND ERYTHROCYTES IN PROTEIN MALNUTRITION
Authors: BJORNESJÖ K. B. , JAGENBURG R. , MELLANDER O.
Published: January 2008

The reliability of the paper chromatographic technique developed by Whitehead for evaluation of the amino pattern of serum and plasma has been studied by comparison with the results obtained by quantitative column chromatography. The results obtained with the two techniques show a satisfactory agreement.

The screening technique has been used in a field study of protein malnutrition among Ethiopian pre‐school children in different areas of the country. Changes of the amino acid pattern of blood serum of the type seen in protein malnutrition have been found in 27‐52 % of the children. The highest figure of amino acid imbalance was obtained for an area, where ensete (false banana) containing only about 1 % of protein is the main staple food.

The erythrocyte/plasma distribution ratios of amino acids have been determined in a group of children with advanced protein malnutrition. The erythrocyte values of amino acids are often increased in spite of low plasma values resulting in high erythrocyte/plasma distribution ratios in most of the protein malnutrition cases studied.
HAIR AMINO ACIDS IN CYSTINOSIS, HOMOCYSTINURIA, FÖLLING'S DISEASE AND TYROSINOSIS
Authors: VELLAN E. J. , GJESSFNG L. R. , SEIP M.
Published: January 2008

The amino acid content of the hair was determined in patients with cystinosis, homocystin‐uria, phenylketonuria and tyrosinosis, and in two normal controls. No significant increases of cystine, homocystine, methionine, phenylalanine or tyrosine were found. Analysis of hair amino acids therefore does not seem to give any information about the diagnosis in these disorders.
INCREASING METABOLIC ACIDOSIS FOLLOWING FRUCTOSE INFUSION IN TWO CHILDREN
Authors: ANDERSSON GILLIS , BROHULT JOHAN , STERNER GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

Two children with metabolic acidosis received fructose infusion in accordance with the standard treatment at the time. During the infusion, both pH and bicarbonate decreased in spite of the administration of large doses of bicarbonate. When the fructose infusion was reduced or withdrawn, pH and bicarbonate increased. However, the extreme acidosis (pH 6.6) during fructose infusion in one of the children had probably caused irreversible cell injuries which might have been the main reason for the death in this patient. The other child survived probably because the fructose infusion was interrupted in time. We accordingly recommend that fructose infusions should not be given to patients in whom there is a risk of acidosis and tissue hypoxia.
ANTIBODY DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND AUTOIMMUNE HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA IN A BOY WITH ISOLATED IgM DEFICIENCY DYSIMMUNOGLOBULINAEMIA TYPE 5
Authors: STOELINGA G. B. A. , van MUNSTER P. J. J. , SLOOFF J. P.
Published: January 2008

This paper describes a boy who suffered from severe recurrent infections from the first year of life. A brother with similar symptoms died from meningococcal meningitis. Virtually no IgM was demonstrable in the patient's serum, and it is suggested that the antibody deficiency syndrome in this case was based on a familial congenital disturbance in IgM synthesis. A study of antibody formation disclosed that disturbances existed in the formation of antibodies assumed to be contained in IgM; other antibodies were produced in adequate amounts. The significance of these findings is discussed in some detail. The boy subsequently developed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The question whether this was caused by the IgM deficiency or whether the immunological imbalance was based on a general disorder must remain unanswered.
HAEMOGLOBIN, ERYTHROCYTES AND SERUM IRON VALUES IN NORMAL CHILDREN 3‐6 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: MARNER TORBEN
Published: January 2008

Blood values including serum iron and transferrin were measured in 147 healthy children 3‐6 years of age. An iron supplement given to 122 children showed no significant changes in the mean values of the total material in haemoglobin (13.7‐13.7 g/100 ml), V.P.R.C. (40‐40 ml/100 ml), R.B.C. (4.93‐4.67 mill/μl), MCHC (34.1‐34.5 g/100 ml), serum iron (122 ‐106 μg/100 ml) and TIBC (410‐397 μg/ 100 ml). These values are therefore considered as normal values for the age group in question. No iron deficiency with or without anaemia was observed.
URINARY C,19 AND C21 STEROID PATTERNS IN ISOSEXUAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY DURING LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH GESTAGENS
Authors: TELLER W. M. , MÜRSET G. , SCHELLONG G.
Published: January 2008

Five patients (three boys and two girls, aged 1 8/12 to 6 years) with idiopathic precocious puberty and one patient (boy, 3 6/12 years old) with sexual precocity due to a pinealoma were treated with gestagens, 6α‐methyl‐17α‐acetoxy‐progesterone (Depo‐Provera®) or 6‐chloro‐6‐dehy dro‐17α‐acetoxyprogesterone (Chlormadi‐none acetate; Gestafortin ®), for periods from 4 to 21 months. Before and during treatment the urinary excretion of three 11‐deoxy‐C19 four 11‐oxy‐C19) and three C21 steroids was determined by a combined column and paper chromatographic procedure with colorimetric end points.

In accordance with the failure of suppression of bone and height ages, the steroid excretion patterns during treatment with Depo‐Provera ® remained essentially unchanged. Even after 21 months of therapy the ratios of 5α/5β of 11‐deoxy C19 steroids as well as the percentages of allo‐tetrahydrocortisol were elevated above normal ranges. It is concluded that in idiopathic precocious puberty the administration of gestagens fails to inhibit efficiently andJor persistently the secretion of gonadotrophins. They continue to be secreted in amounts sufficient to stimulate endogenous androgen production.
FAMILIAL HYPOMAGNESEMIA
Authors: STRØMME J. H. , NESBAKKEN R. , NORMANN TRINE , SKJØRTEN F. , SKYBERG D. , JOHANNESSEN B.
Published: January 2008

Two brothers are reported, who at the ages of two and three weeks respectively, demonstrated generalized tetanic convulsions. In both cases, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were found. The serum magnesium of the elder brother was not determined, whereas the younger was found to have severe hypomag‐nesemia. Calcium administration had no effect on the condition of the elder one, who died at the age of 50 days. In the younger, magnesium alone led to a normalization of the clinical as well as the biochemical picture. On daily oral magnesium supplementation, the child is healthy and is developing normally.

Data are presented which indicate that the hypomagnesemia is due to a selective defect in the absorption of this ion. The low serum calcium appears to be secondary to a magnesium deficiency.

Morphological findings in autopsy and biopsy material are presented, demonstrating histological and electron microscopical changes most marked in the liver.

On the basis of a familial occurrence of this disease, a hereditary genesis is considered likely.
ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF SYMPTOMATIC NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA
Authors: GENTZ JOHAN , PERSSON BENGT , ZETTERSTRÖM OLF
Published: January 2008

Eighteen newborn infants, 11 males and 7 females, with hypoglycemia, i.e. with blood glucose concentration of less than 20 mg per 100 ml were studied. Twelve infants were diagnosed as cases of symptomatic and 6 as cases of asymptomatic hypoglycemia. All infants with asymptomatic hypoglycemia were small for gestational age, whereas the symptomatic group was heterogenous from a clinical point of view.

The disappearance rate of intravenously administered glucose (kG‐value) was studied before any treatment was started. The kG‐values were high in all infants with symptomatic hypoglycemia, in 10 exceeding +2 s.D. for normal infants of the same age. The symptomatic infants were treated with hydrocortisone or human growth hormone in addition to continuous glucose infusion. After the institution of therapy there was a rapid normalization of the kG‐values. The 6 infants with asymptomatic hypoglycemia had normal kG;‐values. They were only given a high caloric supply by means of breast milk. In two infants with symptomatic hypoglycemia repeated simultaneous determinations of kG‐values and the plasma concentration of free fatty acids revealed no relationship.

At follow‐up examinations at ages from 5 months to 2 years, 2 out of the 12 infants in the symptomatic group were found to have severe cerebral damage. All infants with asymptomatic hypoglycemia were completely normal.

The findings seem to have some clinical applications. Determination of the disappearance rate of intravenously administered glucose, primarily given as a diagnostic test, may differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia. If in a doubtful case the kG‐value is normal, the likely diagnosis is asymptomatic hypoglycemia. In cases of symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia repeated determinations of the kG‐value may provide a sensitive guide as to the effect of treatment.