bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of machine learning in rotary ultrasonic-assisted orthopedic bone drilling: A biomechanical pull out in vitro study
Authors: Agarwal Raj , Singh Jaskaran , Gupta Vishal
Published: September 2024

Bone drilling is a mechanical, thermal coupling process utilized in orthopedics for provision of rigid internal fixation and treatment of fractured bone. Rotary ultrasonic-assisted bone drilling (RUABD) has achieved noteworthy interest in orthopedic practice due to its ability to enhance biomechanical pullout strength. Drilling parameters used during orthopedic surgeries significantly impact the holding power, initial implant stability and pullout strength. It is difficult for surgeons to predict push-out strength at the interface of bone and screw. An intelligent approach could involve utilizing machine learning (ML) to train and test independent drilling parameters, thereby predicting pullout strength and optimizing holding strength. Therefore, the present work focused on leveraging ML models during RUABD to predict pullout strength at the bone-screw interface. The monitoring of various drilling parameters (including insertion angle, feedrate, rotational speed, and ultrasonic amplitude) was conducted. Multiple ML models were employed to forecast the pullout strength at the interface between bone and screw. The SVR-based ML model exhibited the most accurate prediction among all models, with the lowest error metrics observed. ML algorithms can be leveraged for robust prediction of biomechanical pullout strength to upsurge holding strength and avoid screw loosening.
Study on tool wears in turning Al2219, unhybrid and hybrid metal matrix nano composites by CCD design of experiment
Authors: Siddesh Kumar NG , Suresh R , Durga Prasad C , Shivaramu L , Siddalingswamy NH
Published: September 2024

In this article, Aluminum (Al2219) as a matrix, and particles of n-B4C and MoS2 were chosen as reinforcements. By means of the stir casting technique, the unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites were prepared. The turning experiment was done through CCD design of experiment with TiN coated carbide insert using a Computer Numerically Controlled Lathe. Also, for turned inserts tool wear measurement was done using a Mitutoyo profile projector with digital readout. By ANOVA the significant contribution for tool wear of each parameter can be identified and the confirmation test is performed in sort to validate the tool wear results. Furthermore, the formation of chips during turning nano MMCs (unhybrid and hybrid) are studied for different feed rates ( f) and cutting speeds ( v) at 0.5 mm constant depth of cut. The outcome showed that both increases in cutting speed and feed rate increase the tool wear. For Al 2219, unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites feed rate is the important factor. The value of tool wear of the Al2219 matrix is minimal and for unhybrid nano composite is maximum. The leading wear mechanism in unhybrid nano composite is abrasion. Moreover, with the addition of 2%MoS2 in the hybrid nanocomposite the tool wears is decreased. The development of Build Up Edge (BUE) was seen on the flank face of the cutting tool for hybrid nanocomposite at 0.5 mm depth of cut, (v = 114.64 m/min) and (f = 0.441 mm/rev). The obtained % error among the modeled and experimental values is <5% and it is well within the limit. The analysis of chip formation was studied for nanocomposites at lower as well as higher feed rates, cutting speeds, and constant depth of cut during turning.
Research on Obstacle Avoidance Strategy of Automated Heavy Vehicle Platoon in High-Speed Scenarios
Authors: Cai Yingfeng , Zhan Lili , Sun Xiaoqiang , Lian Yubo , He Youguo , Chen Long
Published: September 2024

Amidst the rapid progression of the road transport industry, the safety and efficiency of heavy-vehicle platoons have garnered significant attention. The study tackles the challenge of obstacle avoidance presented by vehicles owing to their considerable mass, delayed response times, and line-of-sight impediments, by introducing a cooperative obstacle avoidance system for heavy-vehicle platoons based on deep reinforcement learning. The system comprises three primary modules: perception, decision-making, and control. Initially, the perception module acquires real-time environmental data. Subsequently, the decision-making module formulates obstacle avoidance decisions based on the acquired data. Specifically, it implements a two-stage braking obstacle avoidance strategy under low collision risk scenarios, while employing a fifth-degree polynomial for planning and tracking obstacle avoidance paths under high collision risk conditions suitable for steering maneuvers. The control module utilizes the local multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (LADDPG) algorithm to train the heavy-vehicle platoon agents, ensuring the formation’s maintenance while mitigating collisions with other vehicles and obstacles. The effectiveness of the proposed system is substantiated through simulation experiments, demonstrating its adaptability to various traffic conditions, selection of suitable obstacle avoidance strategies, and significant enhancement of obstacle avoidance performance and heavy-vehicle platoon stability.
Vehicle trajectory prediction method integrating spatiotemporal relationships with hybrid time-step scene interaction
Authors: Guan Yong , Li Ning , Chen Pengzhan , Zhang Yongchao
Published: September 2024

In vehicle trajectory prediction, constructing the interactive relationships among vehicles within the traffic environment poses a significant challenge. Existing models predominantly focus on temporal dependencies within vehicle histories and spatial correlations among neighboring vehicles, overlooking the continuous influence of historical vehicle states on the current time step and the interplay of multiple sequences over time. To address these limitations, we propose a method for multimodal vehicle trajectory prediction that integrates Hybrid Time-step Scene Interaction (HTSI) into the spatiotemporal relationships. Firstly, we introduce the HTSI module, comprising Multi-step Temporal Information Aggregation (MTIA) and Single-step Temporal Information Aggregation (STIA) methods. MTIA utilizes multi-head attention mechanisms to capture temporal dependencies between consecutive frames, thereby generating new time series amalgamating the ongoing influence of historical time states on the current timestamp. Simultaneously, STIA employs multi-head attention mechanisms to capture the spatial dimension weights of multiple time series and, by aggregating spatial interaction features at each timestamp, generates new time series fused with spatial interaction influences. Subsequently, feature extraction is performed through LSTM layers. Moreover, we propose an improved DIPM pooling module, improving the model’s long-term prediction capability by selectively reusing historical hidden states. Ultimately, based on training results from the HighD and NGSIM datasets, our model demonstrates significant advantages in long-term prediction compared to other state-of-the-art trajectory prediction models. Specifically, within the 5 s prediction window, the model achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.79 m on the NGSIM dataset, representing a 33.62% improvement over the baseline model’s average accuracy. Additionally, on the HighD dataset, the model attained an RMSE of 2.16 m, reflecting a 33.43% enhancement. The crucial code can be obtained from the provided link: https://github.com/gyhhq/Prediction-trajectory .
Clinical outcomes of patients receiving long-term fondaparinux for thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Bor Buse , Doyle Andrew J , Bartoli-Abdou John K , Hackett Anthony , Collings Victoria , Omrani Fatima , Foskett Carl , Wareing Anne , Young Johanna , Breen Karen A , Hunt Beverley J
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) are considered the first-line anticoagulants for thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (TAPS), particularly with triple positivity or arterial events. However, thrombotic recurrence remains high despite anticoagulation and other clinical issues may arise. Long-term parenteral anticoagulants may therefore be considered, however little is known about the viability of fondaparinux in this setting.

Materials and Methods

We describe the efficacy and safety of long-term fondaparinux for TAPS (>3-months duration) treated at a single centre in the UK. Clinical features and the outcomes of recurrence and bleeding were reviewed using electronic patient records.

Results

46 patients were identified with history of either venous or arterial TAPS and a total 175 patient-years using fondaparinux (median duration 2.7 years/patient (IQR 1.4–4.8)). 43 (93%) had VKA as first-line anticoagulation with a median duration of 6.5 years (IQR 4.0 – 9.8). All patients received fondaparinux as second-to fourth-line anticoagulation. Thrombosis recurrence occurred in 1 (1%) patient (0.6 events/100-patient years). Major, clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) or minor bleeding occurred in 2 (7%), 5 (10.9%) and 8 (17.4%) patients respectively. Major/CRNM bleeding rates were 1.1 and 2.9 events/100-patient-years. Age >65years was associated with bleeding ( p = .047) and concurrent antiplatelets were associated with major/CRNM bleeding ( p = .011). Logistic regression showed increasing age was associated with bleeding (OR = 1.097, p = .009).

Conclusions

We suggest that fondaparinux may be used for TAPS when VKA is not appropriate. Thrombotic recurrence was infrequent, and the number of major bleeding events appeared comparable to conventional therapies.
Collective sports success through effective social performances: The case of Olympic wrestling in Iran
Authors: Shamshirian Saeed , Halldorsson Vidar
Published: September 2024

This study argues that the athletic success of Iranian wrestlers is fused with success in social performances. Using Alexander's cultural sociology, we propose that individuals’ behavioral, emotional, and mental dispositions toward sports are shaped by tacit and invisible social forces encompassing them at a given time and place. Furthermore, we make use of Alexander's notion that the power of culture is manifested when it is actively enacted. To ground our theoretical frameworks with empirical evidence, we conducted a case study of successful Iranian male wrestlers. The study reveals that the success of Iranian wrestling is constructed upon cultural foundations, social organizations, cooperative networks, and a set of social relations that performatively contribute to producing world-class wrestlers. It is within a given social, cultural, and organizational context that culture is performed through a series of collective actions and agencies. Such successful cultural performances reinforce the meaning of certain practices by connecting the past to the present and ensuring their continuity, thereby establishing a strong tradition of collective sporting achievements.
Differences in Timely Goals of Care Discussions in Nursing Homes Among Black Residents
Authors: Kang Jung A. , Dick Andrew W. , Glance Laurent G. , Dhingra Lara , Stone Patricia W.
Published: September 2024

Background

In the United States, disparities persist in end-of-life care outcomes between Black and White nursing home (NH) residents, particularly concerning infection-related management. Timely goals of care (TGOC) discussions are crucial for improving end-of-life outcomes but exhibit racial variations within NHs that are not well understood.

Objectives

Examine the association between the proportion of Black residents within NHs and TGOC discussion related to infection management.

Design

A national analysis of palliative care survey data from NHs with the Minimum Dataset 3.0 and administrative data.

Setting/Subjects

892 NHs representing a weighted sample of 14,981 facilities.

Measurments

TGOC discussions related to infection management were quantified using an index score from the palliative care survey (range: 0-18). Multivariable analyses assessed the association between the proportion of Black residents (≤2%, 2.1%–15%, >15%) and TGOC index scores.

Results

The majority of NHs were for-profit, chain-affiliated, urban facilities with fewer than 100 beds, serving both Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. In stratified analyses, NHs with 2.1%–15% (−0.97 score; 95%CI -1.86, −0.07; P < .05) and 15% or more Black residents (−3.86 score; 95%CI -6.62, −1.10; P < .01) showed lower TGOC index scores compared to NHs with 2% or fewer Black residents in the West. NHs with 2.1%–15% Black residents had 1.29 lower TGOC index scores compared to NHs with 2% or fewer Black residents (95%CI -2.51, −0.07; P < .05) in the Northeast.

Conclusions

TGOC discussions in US NHs are influenced by the proportion of Black residents, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address regional disparities and improve end-of-life care equity.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Hypomagnesemia in Patients With Bone Metastasis From Solid Malignancies Treated With Denosumab: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Donkor Kofi N. , Lee Jane S. , Hana Myrna M. , Jeong Sehyun
Published: September 2024

Background:

Hypomagnesemia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Patients with bone metastasis from solid malignancies receiving denosumab (Dmab) to prevent skeletal-related events often receive concurrent antineoplastic agents for cancer treatment. The incidence and risk factors of hypomagnesemia in patients receiving Dmab and the optimal frequency of monitoring serum magnesium (Mg) levels have not been studied in these patient populations.

Objective:

The objective is to investigate the incidence and potential risk factors of hypomagnesemia and the optimal frequency of monitoring serum Mg levels.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review identified patients with solid malignancies with bone metastases treated with Dmab at the Loma Linda University Cancer Center between January 2013 and February 2024. The incidence of hypomagnesemia was determined using the number of patients with hypomagnesemia and the total number of patients in the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for hypomagnesemia.

Results:

Hypomagnesemia was observed in 19% (29/153) of patients, the majority of whom were on concurrent antineoplastic agents with ≥15% hypomagnesemia incidence (high-hypomagnesemic antineoplastics) or nonantineoplastic drugs with documented cases or incidence of hypomagnesemia (hypomagnesemic nonantineoplastics) in addition to high-hypomagnesemic antineoplastics. Multivariate analysis showed increased odds of developing hypomagnesemia with high-hypomagnesemic antineoplastics (odds ratio [OR]: 174.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.82 to 387.43, P < 0.001); hypomagnesemic nonantineoplastics plus high-hypomagnesemic antineoplastics (OR: 210.09, 95% CI: 11.80 to 3740.12, P < 0.001); and Mg level ≤ 0.85 prior to Dmab administration (OR: 16.79, 95% CI: 2.30 to 122.41, P = 0.005).

Conclusion and relevance:

This study describes the incidence and potential risk factors for hypomagnesemia in patients with solid malignancies and metastatic bone disease treated with Dmab. This study’s findings provide additional clinical insight into potential risk factors for hypomagnesemia and the need for more frequent serum Mg level monitoring of at-risk patients. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the exact frequencies most appropriate in monitoring serum Mg levels in this group of patients.
Thyroid Carcinoma With NSD3::NUTM1 Fusion and Secondary TERT Promoter Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Suh Ye Yoon , Hwang Yoon Jung , Bae Jung Mo , Koh Jiwon , Won Jae Kyung , Kim Sheehyun , Lee Sungyoung , Yun Hong Seok , Kim Su-jin , Park Young Joo , Jung Kyung Cheon
Published: September 2024

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive tumor characterized by translocation of the NUTM1 gene. To date, only about 20 NUT carcinomas arising from the thyroid have been reported in the literature, with the majority showing immunohistochemical markers indicative of squamous differentiation. We present a 29-year-old man with NUT carcinoma arising from thyroid follicular cells. Notably, the tumor cells expressed markers characteristic of thyroid follicular cells such as thyroglobulin, TTF1 and PAX8, without obvious histological and immunohistochemical features of squamous differentiation. Molecular analysis revealed a concurrent TERT promoter mutation (C228T) together with the NSD3::NUTM1 fusion, a combination not previously documented in NUT carcinoma. The tumor highlights the need to include NUT carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer, especially when it presents with unconventional histopathological features, even in the absence of signs of squamous differentiation.
Survival Dynamics in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: R2 Resection Versus No-Surgery Paths Explored
Authors: Pitsikakis Konstantinos , DeJong Diederick , Kitsos-Kalyvianakis Konstantinos , Mamalis Marios Evangelos , Quaranta Michela , Shavee Aishath , Wahab Alina , Thangavelu Amudha , Broadhead Timothy , Nugent David , Kalampokis Evangelos , Laios Alexandros
Published: September 2024

Background

Cytoreductive surgery is critical for optimal tumor clearance in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Despite best efforts, some patients may experience R2 (>1 cm) resection, while others may not undergo surgery at all. We aimed to compare outcomes between advanced EOC patients undergoing R2 resection and those who had no surgery.

Methods

Retrospective data from 51 patients with R2 resection were compared to 122 patients with no surgery between January 2015 and December 2019 at a UK tertiary referral centre. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the study endpoints. Principal Component Analysis and Term Frequency – Inverse Document Frequency scores were utilized for data discrimination and prediction of R>2 cm from computed tomography pre-operative reports, respectively.

Results

No statistical significance was observed, except for age (73 vs 67 years in the no- surgery vs R2 group, P: .001). Principal Components explained 34% of data variances. Reasons for no surgery included age, co-morbidities, patient preference, refractory disease, patient deterioration or disease progression, and absence of measurable intra- abdominal disease). The median PFS and OS were 12 and 14 months for no-surgery, vs 14 and 26 months for R2 ( P: .138 and P: .001, respectively). Serous histology and performance status independently predicted PFS in both no-surgery and R2 cohorts. In the no-surgery cohort, serous histology independently predicted OS, while in the R2 cohorts, both serous histology and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic features for OS. The bi-grams “abdominopelvic ascites” and “solid omental” were amongst those best discriminating between R>2 cm and R1-2 cm.

Conclusions

R2 resection and no-surgery cohorts displayed unfavourable prognosis with a notable degree of uniformity. When cytoreduction results in suboptimal results, the survival benefit may still be higher compared to those who underwent no surgery.
Effect of zoledronic acid and pamidronate on renal function
Authors: Koss Katherine , Kocek Melissa , King Tiffany , Hornung Monika
Published: September 2024

Background

There is limited data on the effect bisphosphonates have on renal function and the use of bisphosphonates in patients with baseline renal dysfunction.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after receiving zoledronic acid or pamidronate.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of patients who received one dose of a bisphosphonate, either zoledronic acid or pamidronate. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of AKI after bisphosphonate administration. Baseline characteristics were compared, and unadjusted analyses of primary and secondary outcomes were completed using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical data and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data.

Results

There was no difference found in AKI incidence between zoledronic acid and pamidronate (17.1% vs. 15.0%; p = 1.00). Additionally, there was no difference found in AKI incidence between patients with baseline renal dysfunction and those without, (25.0% vs. 15.0%; p = 0.322). There were no differences observed in either corrected calcium within seven days or serum creatinine (SCr) within 30 days returning to baseline after administration, nor were there differences in fever or hypophosphatemia incidences.

Conclusion

Bisphosphonates may be used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy in patients with and without renal dysfunction. AKI may occur post infusion; however, long-term effects on renal function are infrequent when hydrating patients prior to administration and adhering to the manufacturer's recommended infusion rate.
Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life Among Women Living With a Partner Diagnosed With ADHD
Authors: Zeides Taubin Dana , Fogel-Grinvald Haya , Maeir Adina
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study explores the depressive symptoms and quality of life (QoL) of women in relationships with partners diagnosed with ADHD, as well as the role of engagement in health-promoting activities (HPA) on these outcomes, spotlighting the often-neglected perspective of these women. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional approach, the study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore associations between partners’ ADHD functional impairment, women’s involvement in HPA, and their depressive symptoms and QoL. Results: Functional impairment in partners with ADHD was positively associated with women’s depressive symptoms and negatively associated with their QoL, whereas women’s engagement in HPA was positively associated with their QoL and negatively associated with their depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest that women partnered with individuals diagnosed with ADHD may face an elevated risk of depressive symptoms and lowered QoL. The results highlight the potential need for a more comprehensive clinical approach to adult ADHD treatment that considers functional impairments and the experiences of partners. Incorporating HPA into therapeutic strategies appears beneficial. However, longitudinal research is needed to examine the direction of these associations and to develop potential interventions to support these women.
Tensile testing in feline ventral abdominal coeliotomy closure with different sizes of polydioxanone suture material: a biomechanical study
Authors: Jaenich Sebastian , Bartkowiak Tomasz , Jopek Hubert , Brunnberg Mathias , Slunsky Pavel
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the load and type of failure of the sutured ventral abdominal fascia of cats with different sizes of suture material made of polydioxanone (PDX) (2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0 USP).

Methods

A total of 32 samples of the ventral abdominal wall from 16 cadaveric cats were harvested using an hourglass-shaped template. The samples were sectioned longitudinally along the linea alba and then sutured together in a continuous pattern using four different randomly assigned sizes of pdx suture material (2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0 USP). A universal testing machine was used for linear distraction of the samples. The tensile strength and type of failure were recorded and analysed. Three types of failure were defined: suture material failure (S), suture line failure (T1) and failure of the abdominal wall further away from the linea alba (T2).

Results

The frequency of suture material failure decreased with increasing suture size. Suture size 5-0 failed due to a S failure in 6/8 samples, PDX 4-0 failed in 2/8 samples and PDX 3-0 failed in only 1/8 samples. However, PDX 2-0 failed due to only T1 or T2 failures, with both failures being almost equally represented. No statistically significant differences in the load to failure between PDX 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0 were noted ( P >0.05). The risk of suture failure increased with decreasing suture size diameter.

Conclusions and relevance

PDX 2-0 and 3-0 can be used without reservation for the closure of ventral midline coeliotomy in cats. Although there was no statistically significant difference between PDX 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0, PDX 4-0 showed a higher probability for suture breakage and should be used only after careful consideration of the patient while clinical evaluation is pending. Pdx 5-0 cannot be recommended as a safe suture size for this type of surgical closure.
Transcriptomic Profiles of AKAP12 Deficiency in Mouse Corpus Callosum
Authors: Hoshino Tomonori , Takase Hajime , Ishikawa Hidehiro , Hamanaka Gen , Kimura Shintaro , Fukuda Norito , Park Ji Hyun , Nakajima Hiroki , Shirakawa Hisashi , Shindo Akihiro , Kim Kyu-Won , H Gelman Irwin , Lok Josephine , Arai Ken
Published: September 2024

A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12), a scaffold protein, has been implicated in the central nervous system, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Although its expression level in the corpus callosum is higher than in other brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex, the role of AKAP12 in the corpus callosum remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the impact of AKAP12 deficiency by transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) on the corpus callosum of AKAP12 knockout (KO) mice. We observed minimal changes, with only 13 genes showing differential expression, including Akap12 itself. Notably, Klf2 and Sgk1, genes potentially involved in BBB function, were downregulated in AKAP12 KO mice and expressed in vascular cells similar to Akap12. These changes in gene expression may affect important biological pathways that may be associated with neurological disorders. Our findings provide an additional data set for future research on the role of AKAP12 in the central nervous system.
Role of Interleukin-17 in Predicting Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Samaan Sara F , Taha Sara I , Mahmoud Fatma A , Elsaadawy Yara , Khalil Salma A , Gamal Dalia M
Published: September 2024

Background:

Although high serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and its producing cells have been found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in earlier research, it is still unclear how these findings relate to disease activity.

Objectives:

This study examines the link between serum levels of IL-17 and the activity of both RA and SLE.

Design:

This pilot case–control study included 100 patients with RA, 100 with SLE, and 100 healthy controls.

Methods:

The Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) scores assessed the activity of RA, whereas the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores assessed SLE activity. All participants’ data were compared and correlated.

Results:

Serum levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in RA and SLE patients compared with the controls ( P < .001) and showed significantly positive correlations ( P < .001) with rheumatoid factor titer, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and DAS28 score among the RA patients. Although among SLE patients, they were significantly positively correlated ( P < .001) with anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA) levels and the SLEDAI-2K scores, the best cut-off value of IL-17 for predicting moderate and high disease activity was > 175 pg/mL among RA patients and > 95 pg/mL among SLE patients.

Conclusions:

There is a significant correlation between RA and SLE activity and serum levels of IL-17. This discovery emphasizes IL-17 as a potential therapeutic target.
AANZCA2023 conference special issue: introduction
Authors: Rarm Lewis , Cooper Valerie A.
Published: September 2024

The Māori whakataukī, ‘ka mura, ka muri’ loosely translates as ‘walk backward into the future’ (This whakataukī is derived from a longer version: ‘Kia whakatōmuri te haere whakamua’ which translates to ‘I walk backwards into the future with my eyes fixed on my past’). It foregrounds a Māori perspective on time where the past is in front of us and can be observed and interpreted as we walk backwards into an unseen and uncertain future. This whakataukī was at the core of the 2023 AANZCA conference, ‘Ka mura, ka muri: Bridging communication pasts and futures’, held at Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington. In the wake of catastrophes such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the failed Voice referendum, conflict in Ukraine and Palestine, and worsening ecological conditions, we look backward in order to look ahead, despite the uncertainty that lies there.
Patient and family views on research priorities and design of clinical trials and research studies in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: O’Donnell Ellen , Schuette Allison , Waltz Michael , Aaen Gregory , Benson Leslie , Gorman Mark , Lotze Timothy , Mar Soe , Ness Jayne , Rodriguez Moses , Tillema Jan-Mendelt , Schreiner Teri , Wheeler Yolanda , Casper T Charles , Chitnis Tanuja
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

This survey study aimed to (1) identify patient/family research priorities in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), and (2) delineate optimized methods for research study/clinical trials design, engagement, and implementation.

Methods:

Participants were as follows: (1) parents of a child (<18 years) with POMS enrolled in a national registry, (2) adolescents (13–17 years) with POMS in the registry, and (3) adults (18–40 years) with POMS receiving care at a registry affiliated clinic. Of 293 eligible participants, 192 completed surveys.

Results:

Experiences with health care and medications were generally positive but there remain areas of priority improvement. Incentives to participate in clinical trials included medications previously tested and in pill form, bloodwork/study visits required ⩾ every 3 months, cognitive testing ⩽1 hour, compensation for travel and time, ability to continue current multiple sclerosis (MS) medication, option to take study medication if on placebo, and individualized study feedback. Priorities for clinical research were (1) psychosocial impact, (2) cognitive/academic impact, (3) environmental risk, and (4) nutrition.

Conclusions:

Results highlighted the importance of a holistic approach to study design and a focus on the impact of disease on daily life to best engage patients and families in POMS clinical trials and research.
Can relationship marketing of youth hostels nudge customer engagement?
Authors: Wang YingChuan , Hsiao Cody Yu-Ling , Zhong YongYi , Sui YanCheng
Published: September 2024

Youth hostels are favoured accommodations among backpackers due to their affordable prices and distinctive features. In particular, they offer excellent opportunities for backpackers to actively participate in social interactions. Customer engagement is closely linked to the principles of relationship marketing and becomes crucial when examining how relationship marketing can be improved to predict their likelihood of revisiting. This study aims to investigate the relationship between satisfaction, trust, commitment and customer engagement. Specifically, it examines how both affective and continuance commitment influence customer engagement. The findings reveal that customer satisfaction has a significant positive impact on both trust and commitment. Interestingly, only affective commitment shows a significant positive influence on customer engagement, while there is no significant relationship between continuance commitment and customer engagement. Based on these results, recommendations are proposed to enhance affective commitment and promote continuance commitment in order to strengthen customer engagement in youth hostels.
A hospital and community-based violence intervention program for Black & Latino youth and their caregivers
Authors: Zinny Arturo , Cohen Judith A , Sell Randall L , Gracely Edward , Rich John A , Corbin Theodore J
Published: September 2024

Background

Black and Latino youth are disproportionately affected by trauma from community violence, but to date, few data support the benefit of evidence-based treatments for these youth or of including peer support to engage these youth in mental health services.

Objective

From 2018 until 2020, a hospital and community-based violence intervention program in Philadelphia pilot tested the integration of home and community-based Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) with peer services and case management for youth impacted by community violence. This study describes the implementation of this intervention.

Method

Data was gathered by querying the program’s database. The Child Post Traumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale (CPSS-SR-5) and the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) were utilized to evaluate the participants’ pre- and post-intervention assessment of PTSD and depression. The sample ( N = 50) consisted of Black and Latino youth, mean age 14.

Results

Twenty-nine (58%) completed TF-CBT, and 82% met peer and case management goals. Youth who completed therapy showed significant improvement in both PTSD and depression symptoms at post-test.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the implementation of home and community-based TF-CBT with peer support and case management. The study’s limitations and need for further research are discussed.
Associations between non-registered ultrasound examination in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes in immigrant and non-immigrant women: a Norwegian population-based study 1999–2016
Authors: Mæland Karolina S. , Morken Nils-Halvdan , Schytt Erica , Aasheim Vigdis , Nilsen Roy M.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Prenatal ultrasound examinations are important to detect placental dysfunction. Several ultrasound-detected abnormalities can be managed during pregnancy or childbirth, thus improve health outcomes. Maternal birth country is known to influence the risk of placental dysfunction, but little is known about the possible mechanisms of this relation.

Aims:

(a) To estimate the proportion of non-registered prenatal ultrasound examinations; (b) to examine associations between non-registered ultrasound examinations and adverse perinatal outcomes, by migrant-related factors, in women giving birth in Norway.

Methods:

Individually linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway, 1999–2016, comprising 999,760 singleton pregnancies to immigrants ( n=196,220) and non-immigrants ( n=803,540). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression with robust standard error estimations, adjusted for year of childbirth, maternal age, parity, maternal smoking, educational level and Norwegian health region at birth.

Results:

Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women had a higher proportion of non-registered ultrasound examinations (2.3% vs. 4.3%; aOR 2.0 (95% CI 1.9, 2.0)). Compared with women with ultrasound examination, the aOR for perinatal mortality for women with non-registered ultrasound was 2.27 (95% CI 1.85, 2.79) for immigrants and 3.61 (3.21, 4.07) for non-immigrants. Non-registered ultrasound examination was also associated with placental abruption (aOR 1.32 (1.08, 1.63)) for non-immigrant women, but it was not associated with preeclampsia.

Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women have a higher proportion of non-registered data on prenatal ultrasound examinations. Both immigrants and non-immigrants with non-registered ultrasound examinations have an increased aOR of perinatal mortality. Non-immigrant women also had an increased aOR for placental abruption.
Starting with the self: Conceptualizing an anti-racist early childhood pedagogy by critiquing white educators’ social-emotional competencies
Authors: Escayg Kerry-Ann
Published: September 2024

While much research attention has focused on young children's social-emotional (SE) competencies, an increasing body of evidence points to the importance of educators’ SE skills. Indeed, scholars have suggested that such skills support educators’ emotional well-being which, in turn, prevents burnout and facilitates a positive learning environment for young learners. Although the preceding benefits are well recognized, scholars have yet to fully explore how the interconnected domains of SE competence are linked to and support anti-racist pedagogy in early years classrooms. Drawing on systemic racism theory, this paper builds on and broadens the scope of the extant anti-racism in early childhood literature by focusing on (i) the positionality of white educators as it pertains to anti-racist pedagogy; (ii) conceptual and practical connections between anti-racist pedagogy and white educators’ SE competencies; and (iii) identifying how educators can evaluate and improve their pedagogies in a play-based early years classroom.
Translating the feminist theory of intersectionality into gender analytical frameworks for gender and development
Authors: Lahiri-Dutt Kuntala
Published: September 2024

The growing popularity of intersectionality theory, the critiques levelled against it and its use in gender and development (GAD) warrant a critical reflection by feminists, especially those working with less affluent women. This article examines the stretching of intersectionality in GAD research, policymaking and practice, and shows how it has been depoliticised into becoming a ‘catch-all’ term that can be used by all feminists as a shorthand for explaining differences within the category of ‘women’. The particular focus here is on the gender analytical frameworks that are generally based on a binary understanding of gender and used in the development industry, generally by liberal feminists. Finally, and as a corrective, the article explores the possibilities of an ‘intersectionality-informed’ approach to gender analyses.
Creative writing as critical fieldwork methodology
Authors: Zebracki Martin , Diamand Emily , Greatrick Aydan
Published: September 2024

This article examines creative writing (CW) as a place-based methodology for doing and analysing fieldwork. Drawing insights from CW scholarship and workshops as part of a collaborative project, we contribute new empirically-informed insights from peer researchers about the significance of leveraging emotional connections, detailed attention to lived experiences, and the researcher's experiences in executing and reporting fieldwork. While attending to tensions between ‘academic’ and ‘creative’ writing, we examine how adopting different and alternative writing approaches can express diverse complexities of the field research process. We contribute to an understanding of CW as a dialectical catalyst, serving as a mode for reflecting on the relationships between the researcher and the researched within the field as well as a mode for analysing and disseminating fieldwork findings. By doing so, our study presents opportunities and limitations of CW as a critical methodology for generating situated knowledges about the field and for reimagining fieldwork.
Haptic tourism: Touch and fear at the Separation Wall and its checkpoints in the Palestinian West Bank
Authors: Buda Dorina-Maria
Published: September 2024

Is tourism out of touch with touch? Have tourism researchers forgotten ‘touch’? Drawing on socio-spatial theories of haptics, I argue that through the sense of touch we critically understand co-constructions of affective tourist subjectivities. Specifically, touch and fear are part of a sensuous hapticality, intimately connected and happening within and around places and bodies – of tourists, local guides and soldiers – in areas of ongoing socio-political conflict. Interviews were undertaken with local tourism stakeholders and international tourists during fieldworks in the Palestinian West Bank in 2010, and 2017–2018. The Separation Wall and its checkpoints have become tourist attractions, pervasive and ever present in the landscape, enticing most tourists in the area to engage haptically in such places.
Constructing extraordinary experience from everyday life: Zibo barbecue check-in vlogs’ digital narratives
Authors: Guo Weiwen , Qiu Liangwei
Published: September 2024

Examining the intersection of check-in tourism and travel vlogs within the context of Zibo, China—a destination popularized on social media platforms for its barbecue culture—this study analyzes 24 check-in vlogs from Bilibili platform. Through the rite of passage theoretical lens, this work investigates how vloggers utilize digital storytelling to shape and construct destination narratives. The research reveals how tourists assert agency over space by integrating place, body, and narrative elements, contributing to an extraordinary tourist experience comprising liminal moments of ordinariness and authenticity, thereby effectively (re)writing Zibo as a welcoming city of barbecue and a slow-life destination. This investigation provides insights into the evolving dynamics of contemporary tourism influenced by social media practices, highlighting the transformative role of digital narratives in shaping tourist perceptions and experiences, as well as meaning-making processes.
Trust building across and within cultures: A study of Guinea, West Africa, and China
Authors: Tan Hwee Hoon , Sun Xiushun , Wang Yue
Published: September 2024

Adopting a cross-cultural perspective, this study provides insights into how Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) with a focus on Confucian values, builds trust and contributes to the globalization process in African settings, specifically Guinea. Using a mixed-methods methodology, we explore the dynamics of trust relationships within and across cultures. In Study 1, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 Chinese supervisors, 20 Guinean supervisors and 19 Guinean workers. We found Chinese expatriates to emphasize ability and integrity in trust building while Guinean workers care more about benevolence. Drawing on the insights of study 1, we proposed a model of interpersonal trust within and across cultures. In this Study 2, data was collected from 182 Guinean workers and their direct Chinese/Guinean supervisors. We found Guinean subordinates’ trust in the organization to mediate between their trust in Guinean supervisors and their performance. In addition, Guinean supervisor’s trust in Chinese supervisor positively affects Guinean subordinate’s trust in organization and also moderates the positive relationship between Guinean subordinates’ trust in the organization and their performance. We draw implications for management relationships between two cultures that are seemingly different from both studies.
A statistical modelling approach to feedforward neural network model selection
Authors: McInerney Andrew , Burke Kevin
Published: September 2024

Feedforward neural networks (FNNs) can be viewed as non-linear regression models, where covariates enter the model through a combination of weighted summations and non-linear functions. Although these models have some similarities to the approaches used within statistical modelling, the majority of neural network research has been conducted outside of the field of statistics. This has resulted in a lack of statistically based methodology, and, in particular, there has been little emphasis on model parsimony. Determining the input layer structure is analogous to variable selection, while the structure for the hidden layer relates to model complexity. In practice, neural network model selection is often carried out by comparing models using out-of-sample performance. However, in contrast, the construction of an associated likelihood function opens the door to information-criteria-based variable and architecture selection. A novel model selection method, which performs both input- and hidden-node selection, is proposed using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for FNNs. The choice of BIC over out-of-sample performance as the model selection objective function leads to an increased probability of recovering the true model, while parsimoniously achieving favourable out-of-sample performance. Simulation studies are used to evaluate and justify the proposed method, and applications on real data are investigated.
Radiomics-Based Risk Assessment Correlates With Outcomes in Patients With Acute Type B Aortic Dissection Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Repair
Authors: Wu Zhiye , Lin Jun , Guo Pingfan , Cai Fanggang , Zhang Jinchi , Li Wanglong , Cai Yihang , Wu Xuemei , Wu Qiaoyi , Dai Yiquan , Hou Xinhuang
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Our study aimed to investigate the correlations between radiomics-based assessment and outcomes, including positive aortic remodeling (PAR), reintervention for dissection at 1 year, and overall survival, in patients with Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Methods:

This was a single-center, retrospective, cohort study. The cohort comprised 104 patients who had undergone TEVAR of TBAD in our institution between January 2010 and October 2022. We segmented preoperative computed tomography (CT) images of the patients’ descending aorta regions, then extracted a comprehensive set of radiomic features, including first-order features, shape features (2D and 3D), gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray-level size zone matrix, gray-level run length matrix, gray-level dependence matrix, neighborhood gray-tone difference matrix, from the regions of interest. Next, we selected radiomics features associated with total descending aorta positive aortic remodeling (TDA-PAR) and reintervention by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and features associated with survival by LASSO-Cox regression. This enabled us to calculate radiomics-based risk scores for each patient. We then allocated the patients to high and low radiomics-based risk groups, the cutoff being the median score. We used 3 different models to validate the radiomics-based risk scores.

Results:

The patients’ baseline characteristics did not differ between those who achieved TDA-PAR and those who did not. The radiomics-based risk scores were significantly and independently associated with all 3 outcomes. As to the impact of specific radiomics features, we found that GLSZM_SmallAreaLowGrayLevelEmphasis and shape_Maximum2DDiameterColumn had positive impacts on both reintervention and survival outcomes, whereas GLCM_Idmn positively affected survival but negatively affected reintervention. We found that radiomics-based risk for TDA-PAR correlated most significantly with zone 6 PAR.

Conclusions:

Radiomics-based risk scores were significantly associated with the outcomes of TDA-PAR, reintervention, and overall survival. Radiomics has the potential to make significant contributions to prediction of outcomes in patients with TBAD undergoing TEVAR.

Clinical Impact

In this study of 104 patients with Type B aortic dissection, we demonstrated associations between radiomics-based risk and postoperative outcomes, including total descending aorta positive aortic remodeling, reintervention and survival. These findings highlight radiomics’ potential as a tool for risk stratification and prognostication in acute Type B aortic dissection management.
“Block (封杀)!”: State-Netizen Constructions of Cancel Culture in China
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Ng Eve
Published: September 2024

Cancel culture in China has multiple specificities that invite further investigation, given the role of the state in producing content and regulating media platforms, alongside the distinct factors that can trigger canceling. This paper draws on social media posts, news articles, and government edicts for several illustrative cases, presenting a critical qualitative account about the involvement of ordinary media users, platforms, and state actors. State pronouncements on celebrity conduct, fan cultures, and digital media content all structure the regulatory environment, but canceling can originate as both bottom-up incidents and state-initiated events, with platform authorities also playing key roles. Whether netizens and the state reinforce each other or the government seeks to temper public anger, the cancel cases demonstrate how ideologies of nation and good citizenship are propagated and sometimes contested through user and state actions, an analysis that helps further theorize the culture and politics of digital platforms.