bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungal Population and Physicochemical Characteristics of Abattoir-Impacted Soil in Iwofe, Rivers State
Authors: Janet Olufunmilayo Williams, , Gloria Owhorji,
Published: December 2021

Aim: To determine the fungal population and physicochemistry of abattoir impacted soil in Iwofe, Rivers State.

Study Design: This study focused on Abattoir impacted soil. Statistical analysis of data and interpretation was carried out.

Place and Duration of Study: Abattoir impacted soil was collected from three points in an abattoir located in Iwofe, Rivers State while the unpolluted soil which served as control was collected from the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt in January, 2021.

Methodology: Standard microbiological techniques were used: the fungal population was determined by inoculating aliquots of an appropriate dilution resulting from a ten-fold serial dilution on prepared Sabouraud dextrose agar plates in duplicates. Plates were later incubated for 3-5 days after which colonies were enumerated and used in obtaining the fungal population in the soil samples while distinct colonies were subcultured for macroscopic and microscopic identification of fungi. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analyzed using standard methods.

Results: Fungal load in the control and abattoir impacted soil were 1.09×105 and 3.9×104 CFU/g, respectively. The fungal load of the control soil was significantly higher (P˂0.05) than the abattoir impacted soil. The fungal isolates identified in the abattoir impacted soil were Microsporium sp, Aspergillus niger and Candida sp while Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp, Mucor sp and Rhizopus sp were identified from the control soil. The pH, temperature, nitrate and phosphate of the abattoir soil were 6.7, 28.33℃, 27.83(mgKg-1) and 1055(mgKg-1), respectively. The concentrations of Cadmium, Iron and Lead in the abattoir Impacted soil and control soil were 0.81, 563.35 and 7.12 mgKg-1, 0.51, 582.0 and 3.18 mgKg-1, respectively. The physico chemistry and heavy metals in the abattoir soil were within acceptable limits.

Discussion and Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that heavy metals in abattoir impacted soil had an impact in the fungal population which led to the isolation of only three fungal isolates belonging to Microsporium sp, Candida sp and Aspergillus niger. More so, despite the presence of heavy metals in the abattoir impacted soil, the metals were all within permissible limits. Thus, the abattoir impacted soil was not heavily polluted.
Clinical significance of FAT1 gene mutation and mRNA expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Su Il , Woo Seon Rang , Noh Joo Kyung , Lee Min Kyeong , Lee Young Chan , Lee Jung Woo , Ko Seong‐Gyu , Eun Young‐Gyu
Published: December 2021

The FAT1 gene functions as a tumor suppressor or promoter and remains incompletely understood. We examined the clinical significance of FAT1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using four publicly available HNSCC cohorts and one HNSCC cohort enrolled at a tertiary medical center. We developed FAT1 signatures reflecting FAT1 mutations and mRNA expression using one cohort. Patients with HNSCC were classified into FAT1‐associated low risk (FAT1‐LR; n = 195) and FAT1‐associated high risk (FAT1‐HR; n = 371) subgroups. The five‐year overall survival and recurrence‐free survival rates were significantly lower in the FAT1‐HR subgroup than in the FAT1‐LR subgroup (P = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively). The clinical significance of FAT1 was validated using four independent cohorts. Cox proportional hazards models showed that the FAT1 signature was an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC patients. In addition, FAT1 signature was associated with the response to radiotherapy, advanced stage, and human papilloma virus (HPV) status in HNSCC patients. In conclusion, the FAT1 gene signature was associated with prognosis of HNSCC and may help to provide personalized treatments for HNSCC patients.
Underwater Self‐Powered All‐Optical Wireless Ultrasonic Sensing, Positioning and Communication with Ultrafast Response Time and Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Tian Zhen , Su Li , Wang Haoyu , Wang Hongqiang , Zi Yunlong
Published: December 2021

The utilization of ultrasonic waves in the ocean has become an attractive topic for its applications in underwater sensor networks via a variety of research methods, such as sensing, positioning, and communication. However, it is still challenging to develop a cost‐effective, stable, fast, and accurate wireless underwater ultrasonic device with self‐power‐ability in various circumstances. Herein, a novel underwater self‐powered all‐optical wireless ultrasonic sensor (SAWS) based on triboelectrification‐induced electroluminescence (TIEL) has been proposed, in which efficient and stable TIEL can be generated under the excitation of ultrasonic waves. The SAWS has been demonstrated to accurately determine the location of the ultrasonic source with an error of less than 4.6%, and as a promising candidate for real‐time optical signal communication with an ultrafast response time of below 50 ms and an ultrahigh signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 26.02 dB. To date, the paradigm‐shift strategy for underwater ultrasonic sensing has been developed for the first time to be fully self‐powered without any wire connections. The SAWS proposed here paves a new path to the realization of a self‐powered underwater all‐optical wireless sensing system that can be effectively applied in underwater environmental monitoring, underwater robots, ocean sensor networks, etc.
Novel Thermal Diffusion Temperature Engineering Leading to High Thermoelectric Performance in Bi2Te3‐Based Flexible Thin‐Films
Authors: Ao Dong‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Di , Chen Yue‐Xing , Wei Meng , Jabar Bushra , Li Fu , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Zheng Zhuang‐Hao , Liang Guang‐Xing , Zhang Xiang‐Hua , Fan Ping , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: December 2021

Flexible Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric devices can function as power generators for powering wearable electronics or chip‐sensors for internet‐of‐things. However, the unsatisfied performance of n‐type Bi2Te3 flexible thin films significantly limits their wide application. In this study, a novel thermal diffusion method is employed to fabricate n‐type Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films on flexible polyimide substrates, where Te embeddings can be achieved by tuning the thermal diffusion temperature and correspondingly result in an energy filtering effect at the Bi2Te3/Te interfaces. The energy filtering effect can lead to a high Seebeck coefficient ≈160 µV K−1 as well as high carrier mobility of ≈200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room‐temperature. Consequently, an ultrahigh room‐temperature power factor of 14.65 µW cm−1 K−2 can be observed in the Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films prepared at the diffusion temperature of 623 K. A thermoelectric sensor is also assembled through integrating the n‐type Bi2Te3 flexible thin films with p‐type Sb2Te3 counterparts, which can fast reflect finger‐touch status and demonstrate the applicability of as‐prepared Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films. This study indicates that the thermal diffusion method is an effective way to fabricate high‐performance and applicable flexible Te‐embedded Bi2Te3‐based thin films.
Extracellular DNA: A Missing Link in the Pathogenesis of Ectopic Mineralization
Authors: Shen Min‐juan , Jiao Kai , Wang Chen‐yu , Ehrlich Hermann , Wan Mei‐chen , Hao Dong‐xiao , Li Jing , Wan Qian‐qian , Tonggu Lige , Yan Jian‐fei , Wang Kai‐yan , Ma Yu‐xuan , Chen Ji‐hua , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐na
Published: December 2021

Although deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic coding for the very essence of life, these macromolecules or components thereof are not necessarily lost after a cell dies. There appears to be a link between extracellular DNA and biomineralization. Here the authors demonstrate that extracellular DNA functions as an initiator of collagen intrafibrillar mineralization. This is confirmed with in vitro and in vivo biological mineralization models. Because of their polyanionic property, extracellular DNA molecules are capable of stabilizing supersaturated calcium phosphate solution and mineralizing 2D and 3D collagen matrices completely as early as 24 h. The effectiveness of extracellular DNA in biomineralization of collagen is attributed to the relatively stable formation of amorphous liquid droplets triggered by attraction of DNA to the collagen fibrils via hydrogen bonding. These findings suggest that extracellular DNA is biomimetically significant for fabricating inorganic–organic hybrid materials for tissue engineering. DNA‐induced collagen intrafibrillar mineralization provides a clue to the pathogenesis of ectopic mineralization in different body tissues. The use of DNase for targeting extracellular DNA at destined tissue sites provides a potential solution for treatment of diseases associated with ectopic mineralization.
Einstein–Besso Manuscript on the Perihelion Motion of Mercury Sold for Record Amount
Authors: Janssen Michel , Rea Eran Moore
Published: December 2021

In 1913, Albert Einstein and Michele Besso tried to explain the anomalous advance of Mercury's perihelion on the basis of the precursor theory of general relativity. A manuscript bundle documents their work. This manuscript was recently auctioned for a record amount. The paper gives a brief discussion of the significance and history of this manuscript.
Augmented Self‐Association by Electrostatic Forces in Thienopyrrole‐Fused Thiadiazoles that Contain an Ester instead of an Ether Linker
Authors: Naito Yukako , Moriguchi Ryo , Kitamura Chitoshi , Matsumoto Taisuke , Yoshihara Toshitada , Ishi‐i Tsutomu , Nagata Yuka , Takeshita Hiroki , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Shiota Yoshihito , Suzuki Kazumasa , Kato Shin‐ichiro
Published: December 2021

During the self‐assembly of π‐conjugated molecules, linkers and substituents can potentially add supportive noncovalent intermolecular interactions to π‐stacking interactions. Here, we report the self‐assembly behavior of thienopyrrole‐fused thiadiazole (TPT) fluorescent dyes that possess ester or ether linkers and dodecyloxy side chains in solution and the condensed phase. A comparison of the self‐association behavior of the ester‐ and ether‐bridged compounds in solution using detailed UV‐vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that the subtle replacement of the ether linkers by ester linkers leads to a distinct increase in the association constant (ca. 3–4 fold) and the enthalpic contribution (ca. 3 kcal mol−1). Theoretical calculations suggest that the ester linkers, which are in close proximity to one another due to the π‐stacking interactions, induce attractive electrostatic forces and augment self‐association. The self‐assembly of TPT dyes into well‐defined 1D clusters with high aspect ratios was observed, and their morphologies and crystallinity were investigated using SEM and X‐ray diffraction analyses. TPTs with ester linkers exhibit a columnar liquid crystalline mesophase in the condensed phase.
Co‐pyrolysis of coal‐biomass: study on reaction kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Bhattacharyya Munmi , Shadangi Krushna Prasad , Mahanta Pinakeswar , Mohanty Kaustubha
Published: December 2021

This investigation reports a kinetic and thermodynamic study (using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method) of coal–sawdust co‐pyrolysis calculated beyond the evaporation zone. The effects of co‐pyrolysis on activation energy (E
a) and thermodynamic parameters are compared with those of individual pyrolysis. This study clarifies the effect of biomass on the thermal stability of coal during co‐pyrolysis. The co‐pyrolysis of sawdust with coal helps increase the rate of thermal degradation in the low‐temperature degradation zone by reducing the activation energy and Gibbs free energy. The alternation of the value of E
a from positive to negative occurs beyond the active pyrolytic zone. The overall E
a of coal pyrolysis (196 kJ mol−1) shows a value higher than that for the co‐pyrolysis of coal and sawdust (100.632 kJ mol−1). Similarly, the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy for coal also show higher values associated with co‐pyrolysis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Operator algebraic methods in the theory ofdiffusion‐influencedreaction kinetics
Authors: Lee Sangyoub
Published: December 2021

Operator algebra is a useful mathematical technique that provides formal analytic solutions to various time‐evolution equations, appearing in quantum and statistical mechanics. In particular, combined with the Laplace transformation and Green's function methods, the operator algebra has been found to be very useful in deriving analytic solutions to various kinetic equations such as the Smoluchowski equation. In this review, operator algebraic methods as applied in the theory of diffusion‐influenced bimolecular reaction kinetics will be briefly described.
Development of the emotionally focused individual therapy adherence measure: Conceptualisation and preliminary reliability
Authors: Schafer Lukas , Edwards Caitlin P. , Allan Robert , Johnson Susan M. , Wiebe Stephanie A. , Chyurlia Livia , Tasca Giorgio A.
Published: December 2021

The Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy Adherence Measure (EFIT‐AM) is presented as a scale to measure a therapist's adherence to the EFIT model. The theoretical rationale for EFIT as a promising model of individual therapy and conceptual development of EFIT‐AM are introduced. The EFIT‐AM was developed to measure therapist adherence to treatment tasks when working specifically with clients presenting with negative emotional disorder and can be used to promote therapist education and development in training and supervision. The measure includes assessment of essential skills, meta‐themes, and stages of EFIT. The measure was piloted using participants (n = 20) with advanced training in EFT. Participants used the measure to rate therapist adherence to EFIT model by observing a recorded therapy session of an expert EFIT therapist. Participant ratings were used to examine consistency among ratings of therapist behaviour and to receive feedback regarding the user experience of the EFIT‐AM. Mean item ratings of three and five within the same talk turn were considered to signify reliable identification of an EFIT skill. Of the 18 adherence items on the EFIT‐AM, 12 items met our criteria for 50% of participants identifying the item at the same time with a rating of three or five. Six items did not meet these criteria and were considered to either occur at a session, as opposed to talk turn, level or in need of consolidation. The high level of inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency of the EFIT‐AM indicates the EFIT‐AM is a promising tool to evaluate therapist adherence.
Comparison of flour mill stream blending approaches: Linear programming versus ash curve
Authors: Kalitsis John , Minasny Budiman , Quail Ken , McBratney Alexander
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

Flour millers often produce several flour types from a single wheat grist. Consequently, different specifications characterize each flour. For example, French standards specify six different flour types, each classified by ash content. The proportional blending of different flour streams from a single wheat grist achieves the target flour specifications. This study explores the opportunity to improve flour blending using linear programming and compares it to sequential ash curve blending.

Findings

Linear programming and ash curve approaches were used to meet specifications for French flour types from a wheat grist milled to produce 10 flour streams, each stream having different flour quality attributes. The first simulation set quantity targets for Types 45, 55, and 65 flour. The balance of the flour went to the lower value Types 80, 110, and 150. The flour type targets were met using Linear Programming. By utilizing the ash curve method, Type 65 flour was under‐delivered. The second simulation aimed to maximize income using the two methods with no constraints on the amount of each flour type. The linear programming approach resulted in a 0.13% increase in revenue compared to the ash curve technique.

Conclusion

In the first simulation, the linear programming technique reduced the lower‐value high ash flour types, generating an additional $6.16/ton of flour. In the second simulation, linear programming increased income by $0.84/ton of flour. Thus, a milling plant operating for 8,000 hr/year and processing 20 tons of wheat/hr translates to $779,000 and $107,000 per annum, respectively.

Significance and novelty

This study showed that linear programming could significantly improve flour blending outcomes, resulting in increased profitability and resource utilization in the milling industry.
Nivolumab‐induced liver injury with a steroid‐refractory increase in biliary enzymes, in a patient with malignant mesothelioma: An autopsy case report
Authors: Arai Kazumori , Matsuda Masanori , Nakayasu Hiromasa , Meguro Shiori , Kurokami Takafumi , Kubota Aki , Iwasaki Tomohiro , Suzuki Makoto , Kawaguchi Shinya , Iwashita Toshihide
Published: December 2021

This is the first autopsy report of hepatotoxicity from nivolumab immunotherapy for malignant mesothelioma. The increase in levels of biliary enzymes and randomly distributed endothelial damage were steroid‐refractory, but second‐line option was abandoned because of cachexia. Further discussions are needed regarding the customized management of immune‐related toxicities.
Biolumineszenz – Teil 1: Terrestrische Biolumineszenz
Authors: Schramm Stefan , Weiß Dieter
Published: December 2021

Der vorliegende Artikel betrachtet die terrestrischen Biolumineszenz am Beispiel vieler einzelner Organismen wie dem Glühwürmchen, Pilzen, Schnecken, Würmern oder auch Larven. Für jedes der Systeme würde ein kurzer historischer, geographischer oder biologischer Einblick gegeben, gefolgt von der Diskussion der zugrundeliegenden Chemischen Reaktionen, welche für die Lichtemission verantwortlich sind. Allen gemein ist hierbei die Reaktion eines Sauerstoff‐reichen Intermediates, dessen Zersetzung zur Generierung von elektronisch angeregten Zuständen der Emitter Moleküle führt. Obgleich bereits viele terrestrische Biolumineszenzsysteme erforscht sind gibt es noch eine Großzahl von fast komplett unverstandenen Systemen, die Gegenstand aktueller Forschungen sind.
Hagelabwehr durch Wolkenimpfen
Authors: Oppenländer Thomas , Hellstern Peter , Wehrle Roman , Hengstler Gernot ,   Verein zur Hagelabwehr in den Landkreisen Schwarzwald‐Baar und Tuttlingen e.V.
Published: December 2021

Seit der Entwicklung der Technologie des Wolkenimpfens wird deren Wirksamkeit in Wissenschaft und Medien kontrovers diskutiert. Dies gilt besonders für die Hagelabwehr mit Silberiodid (AgI). In Laborversuchen ist sie jedoch sicher nachweisbar. Bei der Hagelbekämpfung verhindert die Komplexität der unterschiedlichen Wolkensysteme die Reproduzierbarkeit der Flugzeugeinsätze. Keine Wolke gleicht der anderen. Wie in der Medizin, bei der Entwicklung und Testung eines neuen Medikamentes, müssen statistische Erhebungen herangezogen werden. Deshalb haben wir mit Wettervideos und eingebetteten GPS‐Flugrouten der Einsätze der letzten Jahre gezeigt, dass das gezielte Einbringen von Silberiodid‐Kondensationskeimen mit Flugzeugen in die Aufwindzone einer herannahenden Gewitterwolke in den allermeisten Fällen zu deren Zusammenbruch führt. Dadurch ist die Gefahr schwerer Hagelschläge gebannt. Moderne Technik der Erzeugung von AgI‐Kondensationskeimen mit elektronisch geregelten Generatoren erhöht die Flexibilität der Hagelabwehrpiloten bezüglich der Dosierung der AgI‐Kondensationskeime bei der optimalen Bekämpfung hageltragender Wolkenzellen. Ferner wird der Verbrauch an Silberiodid mit neuer Generatortechnik gegenüber früheren Modellen halbiert. Die in die Umwelt eingebrachte Menge an Silberiodid ist so gering, dass keine Gefährdung von Menschen, Tieren und der Umwelt befürchtet werden muss. Dies zeigen unsere Berechnungen und neue spurenanalytische Studien aus der Literatur. Letztere können keine erhöhte Silberbelastung von Gewässern und Böden nachweisen. Zukünftig soll den Piloten im Cockpit die aktuelle Radarinformation mit integrierter GPS‐Flugroute zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dies verbessert die Orientierung der Piloten im Luftraum und erhöht die Zielgenauigkeit der Wolkenimpfung.
Efficient Synthesis of Benzothiazinone Analogues with Activity against Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Richter Adrian , Narula Gagandeep , Rudolph Ines , Seidel Rüdiger W. , Wagner Christoph , Av‐Gay Yossef , Imming Peter
Published: December 2021

8‐Nitrobenzothiazinones (BTZs) are a promising class of antimycobacterial agents currently under investigation in clinical trials. Starting from thiourea derivatives, a new synthetic pathway to BTZs was established. It allows the formation of the thiazinone ring system in one synthetic step and is applicable for preparation of a wide variety of BTZ analogues. The synthetic procedure furthermore facilitates the replacement of the sulphur atom in the thiazinone ring system by oxygen or nitrogen to afford the analogous benzoxazinone and quinazolinone systems. 36 BTZ analogues were prepared and tested in luminescence‐based assays for in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using the microdilution broth method and a high‐throughput macrophage infection assay.
Innovative Pediatric Development for Secukinumab in Psoriasis: Faster Patient Access, Reduction of Patients on Control
Authors: You Ruquan , Weber Sebastian , Bieth Bruno , Vandemeulebroecke Marc
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the innovative pediatric development strategy of secukinumab in psoriasis. Initially, this pediatric development had been planned early during the adult development program. This is common for most development programs as it is required by law in major regions worldwide. At that time, only limited experience with secukinumab’s mechanism of action was available, especially in the pediatric population for which no data had been collected yet. Pediatric extrapolation frameworks were not in use. As a result, a standard pediatric program had initially been proposed requiring two relatively large placebo‐controlled pivotal trials. However, as experience with the use of secukinumab grew, so did experience with—and regulatory openness to—innovative quantitative approaches, such as extrapolation. It became clear that the pediatric development of secukinumab could be substantially accelerated by these novel ideas. Here, we report how these concepts were implemented in the pediatric development program of secukinumab in psoriasis, using a wide range of innovative quantitative techniques. This strategy led to the removal of the placebo arm from one trial, a substantial reduction of the overall sample size in this program, and a significantly faster approval of secukinumab for the pediatric psoriasis population.
Impact of intraventricular haemodynamic forces misalignment on left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Filomena Domenico , Cimino Sara , Monosilio Sara , Galea Nicola , Mancuso Giuseppe , Francone Marco , Tonti Giovanni , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Maestrini Viviana , Fedele Francesco , Agati Luciano
Published: December 2021

Aims

Altered left ventricular (LV) haemodynamic forces (HDFs) have been associated with positive and negative remodelling after pathogenic or therapeutic events. We aimed to identify LV HDFs patterns associated with adverse LV remodelling (aLVr) in reperfused segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods and results

Forty‐nine acute STEMI patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 1 week (baseline) and after 4 months (follow‐up). LV HDFs were computed at baseline from cine CMR long axis data sets, using a novel technique based on endocardial boundary tracking, both in apex‐base (A‐B) and latero‐septal (L‐S) directions. HDFs distribution was evaluated by L‐S over A‐B HDFs ratio (L‐S/A‐B HDFs ratio %). HDFs parameters were computed over the entire heartbeat, in systole and diastole. At baseline, aLVr patients had lower systolic L‐S HDF (2.7 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1%; P = 0.027) and higher diastolic L‐S/A‐B HDF ratio (28 ± 14 vs. 19 ± 6%; P = 0.03). At univariate logistic regression analysis, higher infarct size [odds ratio (OR) 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.1; P = 0.04], higher L‐S/A‐B HDFs ratio (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.01–1.2; P = 0.05) and lower L‐S HDFs (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.2–0.9; P = 0.04) were associated with aLVr at follow‐up. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, diastolic L‐S/A‐B HDF ratio remained the only independent predictor of aLVr (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.01–1.2; P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Misalignment of diastolic haemodynamic forces after STEMI is associated with aLVr after 4 months.
The association of probable PTSD at baseline and pain‐related outcomes after chronic pain rehabilitation: A comparison of DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 criteria for PTSD
Authors: Elmose Andersen Tonny , Hansen Maj , Lykkegaard Ravn Sophie , Bjarke Vaegter Henrik
Published: December 2021

Background

There is a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with chronic pain. However, different patients are identified depending on the diagnostic system used. Moreover, it is unclear if the conceptualizations of PTSD are differently associated with outcomes of pain rehabilitation. Hence, the aims of the present study were first to explore the prevalence rates and diagnostic agreement of probable PTSD according to the ICD‐11 and the DSM‐5 screening tools (International Trauma Questionnaire [ITQ] vs. PTSD Checklist [PCL‐5]), and secondly, to explore the associations of probable PTSD determined by ITQ and PCL‐5 with psychological distress measures at baseline, and thirdly, the associations with pain and disability after pain rehabilitation adjusting for psychological covariates.

Methods

A consecutive cohort of patients with chronic non‐malignant pain (n = 152) referred to a Danish interdisciplinary pain center was assessed at baseline prior to their first visit and at follow‐up three days after completed treatment.

Results

The estimated probable PTSD baseline prevalence rates were 15.8% (ITQ) and 16.4% (PCL‐5). However, the diagnostic agreement between the PCL‐5 and the ITQ was only moderate (k = 0.64). Overall, compared to the ITQ probable PTSD according to the PCL‐5 correlated more strongly with psychological distress. Only the ITQ was associated with poorer outcomes after rehabilitation, explaining alone 7–8% of the variance in disability and pain intensity adjusted for covariates.

Conclusions

The results underline the importance of taking the conceptualization and assessment of PTSD into consideration when investigating the impact of PTSD on pain rehabilitation.

Significance

There is a high prevalence of probable PTSD in patients with chronic pain. However, different patients with probable PTSD are identified depending on the diagnostic system used. Although similar probable PTSD prevalence rates (about 16%) were found using DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 PTSD screening tools (PCL‐5 and ITQ, respectively), the diagnostic agreement between the systems was only moderate (k = 0.64). At the same time, only probable PTSD estimated according to the ITQ and not the PCL‐5 was a significant predictor of disability after pain rehabilitation.
The virus of distrust: How one victim‐sensitive group member can affect the entire group's outcomes
Authors: Magraw‐Mickelson Zoe , Süssenbach Philipp , Gollwitzer Mario
Published: December 2021

Victim sensitivity (VS) is a personality trait conceptualized as the expectation of being exploited by others. Previous research has shown that one highly victim‐sensitive group member can negatively impact the entire group's outcomes. In the present research, we investigate boundary conditions and mechanisms underlying this effect. Study 1 (N = 134 individuals, 40 groups) shows that the VS score of the most victim‐sensitive group member negatively predicts a group's performance, particularly when the group's collective conscientiousness is high. Study 2 (N = 135 individuals, 45 groups) shows that groups that include one (compared to no) victim‐sensitive group member perform worse, especially when the task is perceived as requiring mutual trust. Study 3 (N = 234) confirms that expressing VS explicitly reduces cooperation within the group. These findings suggest that the virus of distrust can spread quickly and may have detrimental consequences for group performance and intragroup cooperation.
The evolution of wave impacts on the anthropogenically altered Modaomen Estuary in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Jiang Chenjuan , Yang Qingshu , Cai Huayang
Published: December 2021

Anthropogenic changes can significantly alter estuarine environments and their fluvial–marine interactions. In this study, we investigate the evolution of wave impacts on the Modaomen Estuary (Pearl River Delta, China) in response to man‐made changes by quantifying the relative strength of fluvial and wave forces and by analysing morphological changes. River sediment input to the estuary has decreased significantly due to dam construction and decreased sediment diversion at junctions of the estuary due to sand excavation. The nearshore wave power and potential maximum alongshore sediment transport have increased substantially due to an intensive seaward extension of the coastline caused by estuarine regulation projects. Consequently, the Modaomen Estuary has shifted from a river‐dominated environment to one alternately controlled by wave and river effects, with waves being dominant in the dry season. Morphological alterations due to anthropogenic modifications in the Modaomen Estuary are characterized by a rotation of shoals from perpendicular to the coast to parallel to the coast, a straightening of the shoreline, and development of an asymmetrical subaqueous delta with a strong littoral drift, indicating evident wave impacts on estuarine morphological evolution.
Practical application of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative plasma P‐tau181 reference data to support diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hazan Jemma , Alston Duncan , Fox Nick C. , Howard Robert
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To assess plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitively impaired non‐AD participants (CI non‐AD) and Control participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset that could potentially act as reference data for clinic diagnoses of AD.

Methods

Data from 1558 participants (649 AD participants, 445 CI non‐AD participants and 464 controls) were examined, comparing p‐tau181 levels between Controls, AD and other dementias, stratified by age.

Results

There were significant differences in plasma p‐tau181 values between Controls and those with AD at all ages up to 85 years. There were also significant differences between AD and CI non‐AD participants up to the age of 85 years.

Conclusions

Plasma P‐tau181 may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of AD in those clinical settings where biomarkers have traditionally been less used. P‐tau181 may be less useful as an aid to diagnosis in the very oldest‐old. Further work is needed to establish the feasibility and utility of this biomarker within dementia diagnosis services not led by Neurologists, such as UK National Health Service Memory Services.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors prevent liver‐related events in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Xinrong , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Tse Yee‐Kit , Liang Lilian Yan , Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Lin Huapeng , Li Guan‐Lin , Lai Jimmy Che‐To , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can inhibit liver fibrogenesis in animal models. We aimed to evaluate the impact of ACEI/ARB use on the risk of liver cancer and cirrhosis complications in patients with NAFLD.

Approach and Results

We conducted a retrospective, territory‐wide cohort study of adult patients with NAFLD diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2014 to allow for at least 5 years of follow‐up. ACEI or ARB users were defined as patients who had received ACEI or ARB treatment for at least 6 months. The primary endpoint was liver‐related events (LREs), defined as a composite endpoint of liver cancer and cirrhosis complications. We analyzed data from 12,327 NAFLD patients (mean age, 54.2 ± 14.7 years; 6163 men [50.0%]); 6805 received ACEIs, and 2877 received ARBs. After propensity score weighting, ACEI treatment was associated with a lower risk of LREs (weighted subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35–0.66; p < 0.001), liver cancer (weighted SHR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.75; p = 0.002), and cirrhosis complications (weighted SHR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.66; p < 0.001), but ARB was not. In subgroup analysis, ACEI treatment was associated with greater reduction in LREs in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) than those without (CKD‐weighted SHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96; p = 0.036; non‐CKD‐weighted SHR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.07–0.33; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

ACEI, rather than ARB, treatment is associated with a lower risk of LREs in NAFLD patients, especially among those with CKD.
Effects of extreme flooding on aquatic vegetation cover in Shengjin Lake, China
Authors: Guo Wenli , Zhou Zhongze , Chen Jingwen , Zheng Xudong , Ye Xiaoxin
Published: December 2021

Aquatic plants are the main primary producers and an important part of the aquatic ecosystem. Seasonal flooding broke out in July 2020 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, resulting in continued high water levels in lakes connected to the Yangtze River. To study the impact of extreme flooding on aquatic vegetation cover, we utilized two methods (surveying and remote sensing image data) to determine the changes in the aquatic vegetation cover of Shengjin Lake, one of the lakes connected to the Yangtze River, during the wet season from 2018 to 2020. The results showed that the dominant aquatic plant species before the flood in July 2020 were the emergent plantZizania caduciflora, the floating plantTrapa incisa, the submerged plantCeratophyllum demersumandVallisineria natans. The area covered by aquatic vegetation in 2018–2019 showed a slight upward trend, increasing from 24.94 to 25.94 km2. In April 2020, the aquatic vegetation cover was 25.53 km2, and after the flooding in July 2020, the aquatic vegetation cover decreased sharply to 1.36 km2, which was mainly composed of emergent plantZ. caduciflorain the nearshore. No recovery of the dominant aquatic plant species, the floating plantT. incisaand other submerged plants, was seen during the monitoring of water level decline from September to December 2020. Winter wetland plants were not significantly affected by flooding. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for the maintenance mechanism of aquatic vegetation and lake management in Shengjin Lake.
An efficient route to prepare suspended monolayer for feasible optical and electronic characterizations of two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Huang Yuan , Wang Yun‐Kun , Huang Xin‐Yu , Zhang Guan‐Hua , Han Xu , Yang Yang , Gao Yunan , Meng Lei , Wang Yushu , Geng Guang‐Zhou , Liu Li‐Wei , Zhao Lin , Cheng Zhi‐Hai , Liu Xin‐Feng , Ren Ze‐Feng , Yang Hui‐Xia , Hao Yufeng , Gao Hong‐Jun , Zhou Xing‐Jiang , Ji Wei , Wang Ye‐Liang
Published: December 2021

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are highly sensitive to substrates, interfaces, and the surrounding environments. Suspended 2D materials are free from substrate‐induced effects, thus an ideal approach to study their intrinsic properties. However, it is very challenging to prepare large‐area suspended 2D materials with high efficiency. Here we report a universal method, based on pretreatments of densely patterned hole array substrates with either oxygen‐plasma or gold film deposition, to prepare large‐area suspended mono‐ and few‐layer 2D materials. Multiple structural, optical, and electrical characterization tools were used to fully evaluate the improved performance of various suspended 2D layers. Some of these observations reported in this study are: (1) Observation of a new Raman low frequency mode for the suspended MoS2; (2) Significantly stronger photoluminescence (PL) and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals of suspended WSe2, which enables the study of new optical transition processes; (3) The low energy electron diffraction pattern on suspended MoS2 also exhibits much sharper spots than that on the supported area; and (4) The mobility of suspended graphene device approaches 300 000 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is desirable to explore the intrinsic properties of graphene. This work provides an innovative and efficient route for fabricating suspended 2D materials, and we expect that it can be broadly used for studying intrinsic properties of 2D materials and in applications of hybrid active nanophotonic and electronic devices.

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Raman study of the ageing test of natural hydraulic lime under the influence of industrial port activities
Authors: Costantini Ilaria , Castro Kepa , Madariaga Juan Manuel , Arana Gorka
Published: December 2021

Raman spectroscopy was applied for the diagnostic study of some commercial mortars applied to the outside of Punta Begoña Galleries, a historical building located in a coastal environment (Basque Country, Northern Spain) with industrial activities. Molecular analyses were carried out to study the conservation state of commercial materials exposed to the environmental stressors with the aim of being used for future restoration works of the Galleries and to assess in this way their stability when exposed to aggressive agents. The presence of the degradation compounds was studied considering the orientation of the walls where the commercial mortars were placed. Among the decay products, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) was identified in a higher number of samples together with sodium nitrate (nitratine, NaNO3) in a minor amount. The presence of magnesium‐based secondary products, nitromagnesite (Mg(NO3)2) and dypingite [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5(H2O)], was also found formed by the degradation of original magnesium compounds of the mortars. Raman analyses showed in almost all the samples the presence of the xanthophyll carotenoid astaxanthin, which is considered as a bioindicator of pollution level because it appears as the first xanthophyll in highly contaminated areas. The presence of calcium oxalates whewellite (СаС2О4·Н2О) and wedellite (СаС2О4·2Н2О), formed probably as a result of secretion of microorganisms, was detected. However, these compounds were only identified in samples from the south‐west orientation, which is most affected by the influence of the harbour activity, indicating a higher anthropic impact in the materials in that area. Therefore, the choice of materials for restoration will have to be made considering the different environmental impacts. The obtained results were very useful to understand the deterioration processes on commercial mortars in order to study the atmospheric impact that these aggressive environments have on modern material in a relatively short period after their application.
Production of a halotolerant lipase from Halomonas sp. strain C2SS100: Optimization by response‐surface methodology and application in detergent formulations
Authors: Khmaissa Marwa , Hadrich Bilel , Chamkha Mohamed , Sayari Adel , Fendri Ahmed
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work was to optimize the production of a new lipase by a halotolerant bacterial strain Halomonas sp. C2SS100, by means of the response‐surface methodology (RSM). The process parameters having the most significant effect on lipase production were identified using the Plackett–Burman screening design‐of‐experiments. Then, Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize lipase activity and the quadratic regression model of the lipase production was built. Indeed, the lipase yield was increased, and the value obtained experimentally (39 ± 2 U/ml) was very close to the rate predicted by the model (40.3 U/ml). Likewise, optimization of parameters by RSM resulted in 2.78‐fold increase in lipase activity. These findings provide the first report on lipase production and optimization by a halotolerant bacterial strain belonging to Halomonas genus. Afterward, the biochemical properties of the produced lipase were studied for apply in oil stains removal. The crude lipase showed a maximum activity at 60°C and at pH ranging from 7 to 10. It displayed an important stability at high temperature, pH, and NaCl. Interestingly, this bacterial lipase exhibited a prominent stability toward some commercial solid and liquid detergents after 30 min of incubation at 50°C. The capability of the crude lipase to eliminate stain was ascertained on polycotton fabric pieces stained with lubricating oil. Whether with the addition of hot water alone or of a commercially available detergent, lipase is able to considerably boost the elimination of oil stains. The actual findings highlight the capacity of Halomonas sp. lipase for energy‐efficient biocatalytic application.
Intradiscal injection for the management of low back pain
Authors: Zhang Fu , Wang Songjuan , Li Baoliang , Tian Wei , Zhou Zhiyu , Liu Shaoyu
Published: December 2021

Low back pain (LBP) is a common clinical problem and a major cause of physical disability, imposing a prominent socioeconomic burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has been considered the main cause of LBP. The current treatments have limited efficacy because they cannot address the underlying degeneration. With an increased understanding of the complex pathological mechanism of IDD, various medications and biological reagents have been used for intradiscal injection for the treatment of LBP. There is increasing clinical evidence showing the benefits of these therapies on symptomatic relief and their potential for disc repair and regeneration by targeting the disrupted pathways underlying the cause of the disease. A brief overview of the potential and limitations for these therapies are provided in this review, based on the recent and available data from clinical trials and systematic reviews. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
Soil organic matter and geochemical characteristics shape microbial community composition and structure across different land uses in an Australian wet tropical catchment
Authors: Bahadori Mohammad , Wang Jun‐Tao , Shen Ju‐pei , Lewis Stephen , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Chen Chengrong
Published: December 2021

Soil characteristics vary across land uses, and soil microbial communities are likely to respond to such variations. However, such responses are not well understood. In this study, we examined how specific changes in soil organic matter (SOM) and geochemical characteristics influenced the bacterial and fungal community composition and structure across land uses. Soil samples were collected from grazing, sugarcane, forest and banana land uses in the Johnstone River catchment (wet tropics), northeastern Australia. High‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons were employed to characterise soil bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Bacterial and fungal α‐diversity did not differ across land uses, whereas strong shifts in their community composition and structure were evident. Patterns in microbial community composition were strongly (p < 0.01) associated with changes in soil total organic carbon and nitrogen (TOC and TN), TOC:TN ratio, hot‐water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC) and soil geochemical characteristics (e.g., pH, Co, Mn, K, Mg and P contents). Distinct bacterial community composition was observed in forest soils, while fungal communities were similar in banana and forest soils compared with sugarcane and grazing. Overall, our results showed that SOM characteristics were the major driver on structuring soil microbial communities across land uses, while soil bacterial communities were more sensitive to variations in SOM and geochemical characteristics compared with fungi. Results from this study have implications for developing more targeted management practices across different land uses to improve soil health and ecosystem function in a wet tropical area.
“Photon recycling” can enhance cutaneous response to lasers: A pilot human study
Authors: Ross Edward V. , Raythen Jill , Anderson R. Rox
Published: December 2021

Background

Depending on wavelength and pigmentation, human skin can reflect up to 70% of incident laser light.

Aims

We tested the hypothesis that returning (“recycling”) this diffusely reflected light to the site of laser exposure would increase cutaneous response.

Materials and Methods

Thirteen adult volunteers with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV participated in this IRB‐approved study. Matched contralateral test sites on the volar forearms were exposed to a pulsed dye laser operated at 585 nm, 450 microseconds pulse duration in a uniform 5 mm circular exposure spot without skin cooling. On one arm, the laser handpiece was fitted with an aluminized hemispherical mirror with a reflectance of 67%. The minimum fluence causing skin purpura, and the purpura lesion diameter were measured.

Results

The mean purpura threshold fluence with the reflector was 3.1 J/cm2 (0.5 SD), and 3.7 J/cm2 without the reflector (0.36 SD) (p < 0.001). The mean laser‐induced purpura lesion diameter was approximately 5.3 mm with the reflector and 5.0 mm without the reflector.

Conclusion

Consistent with a theoretical model and in vitro measurements, this human study confirms that “recycling” reflected laser light can increase skin response. Potentially, the therapeutic response can also be improved with “photon recycling.”
Fabrication of a 3D Printed PCL Nerve Guide: In Vitro and In Vivo Testing
Authors: Dursun Usal Tugba , Yesiltepe Metin , Yucel Deniz , Sara Yıldırım , Hasirci Vasif
Published: December 2021

Nerve guides are medical devices designed to guide proximal and distal ends of injured peripheral nerves in order to assist regeneration of the damaged nerves. A 3D‐printed polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve guide using an aligned gelatin‐poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) electrospun mat, seeded with PC12 and Schwann cells (SCs) is produced. During characterization with microCT and SEM porosity (55%), pore sizes (675 ± 40 µm), and fiber diameters (382 ± 25 µm) are determined. Electrospun fibers have degree of alignment of 7°, indicating high potential for guidance. On Day 14, PC12 cells migrated from proximal to distal end of nerve guide when SCs are seeded on the guide. After 28 days, over 95% of PC12 are alive and aligned. PC12 cells express early differentiation marker beta‐tubulin 10 times more than late marker NeuN. In a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve injury, functional recovery evaluated by using static sciatic index (SSI) is observed in mat‐free guides and guides containing mat and SCs. Nerve conduction velocities are also improved in these groups. Histological stainings showed tissue growth around nerve guides with highest new tissue organization being observed with mat and cell‐free guides. These suggest 3D‐printed PCL nerve guides have significant potential for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.