bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Oil‐Entangled Matrix Spray for Maritime Sustainability
Authors: Sin Dixon T. , Chung Casper H.Y. , Au Samuel C.Y. , Cheng Edwin H. C. , Yan Xiao , Yao Shuhuai
Published: November 2023

Maritime transport, as the backbone of international trade, contributes to 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. One major challenge to the sustainability of marine shipping is the fuel consumption associated with flow resistance to ship hulls. While passive approaches like superhydrophobic or lubricant‐infused surfaces hold promise for drag reduction, their scalability, stability, and durability are limited, particularly in oceanic scenarios. Here, an oil‐entangled matrix spray (OEMs) coating is developed to overcome the limitations of conventional surface modification. To create a drag‐reduction surface, liquid lubricant is rationally integrated with a polymer matrix, enabling the firm retention of the lubricant while maintaining high adhesion to various substrates. The resulting slippery interface achieves up to 48% drag reduction compared to an unmodified surface in a water tunnel test. Additionally, the hydrophobic, chemically inert, smooth, and slippery interface of OEMs enables multifunction of the coated substrates, including corrosion resistance to seawater and acid, reduced frosting accretion (by up to 68%), and low shear adhesion to ice (<11 kPa). Furthermore, the OEMs provides a universal platform to integrate customized functions such as photothermal effects, further enhancing interface performances by synergizing solar thermal energy and surface slipperiness. This study presents a promising surface modification strategy for improving the sustainability of marine vehicles where scalable, durable, and multifunctional surfaces are desired to achieve sustainable drag reduction under oceanic cruising and extreme weather conditions.
Realization of High‐Performance Photoresponsivity of Sb2Se3‐Based Phototransistors by Using Hybrid Structure and Optimizing Annealing Temperature
Authors: Kim Jong‐Ho , You Hee‐Kyoung , Seong Tae‐Yeon
Published: November 2023

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is attracting attention as a candidate material with a high potential for photodetection due to its high absorption coefficient and excellent stability compared to other light‐absorbing materials. However, Sb2Se3‐based photodetectors are found to yield rather low responsivity in the visible and near‐infrared regions. Herein, the hybrid structure of ZnON/Sb2Se3 is for the first time adopted to increase the performance of Sb2Se3‐based phototransistors. It is shown that ZnON with high mobility enhances the photoresponse by promoting the recirculation of photocarriers. The (Sb4Se6)n ribbons of Sb2Se3 are found to be vertically oriented when annealed at 200 °C, inducing photocarriers to ZnON more easily than laterally oriented ribbons. The 200 °C‐annealed phototransistors give high responsivity of 2.14 × 104 A/W−1 (650 nm) and 2.47 × 104 A/W (905 nm), the latter being the highest among Sb2Se3‐based photodetectors. Further, the 200 °C‐annealed phototransistors exhibit superb stability, showing over 92% of the initial responsivity and over 81% detectivity even after being exposed to air for 5 weeks without passivation. It is further shown that the optimal devices reveal remarkably stable detectivity of 4.76 × 1013 Jones and 5.95 × 1013 Jones for 650 nm and 905 nm light, respectively.
Substrate‐ and Catalyst‐Controlled C−H Bond Activation/Annulation for Construction of Pyrido[2,3,4‐de]quinazolinones and Indolo[1,2‐c]quinazolinones
Authors: Hou Xinjiao , Wang Run , Zhou Jianhui , Li Yuan , Li Jiyuan , Liu Hong , Wang Dechuan , Zhou Yu
Published: November 2023

A substrate and catalyst‐controlled synthetic strategy was employed to construct two distinct types of fused polycyclic heterocycles, namely pyrido[2,3,4‐de]quinazolinones and indolo[1,2‐c]quinazolinones. The most notable advantage of this method is its ability to rapidly generate two different polycyclic scaffolds via a simple C−H activation and subsequent cyclization cascade pathway. Specifically, sulfoxonium ylides played a crucial role in both transformations, serving as a two‐carbon synthon and a one‐carbon synthon, to independently construct the two fused polycyclic scaffolds through [4+2] and [4+1] annulation pathways, respectively.
Catalyst‐Free, Air‐Mediated C(sp2)−H Alkylation of Cyclic Aldimines with Alkylboronic Acids
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Xiaolan , Liao Lieqiang , Liu Haidong , Luo Haiqing
Published: November 2023

The air mediated radical alkylation of cyclic aldimines via autoxidation of alkylboronic acids has been realized under mild reaction conditions. By simply heating cyclic aldimines with alkylboronic acid using air as sole oxidant, this protocol provides a catalyst‐free access to a variety of alkylated cyclic aldimines with 21–91% yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical pathway might be involved in the reaction.
Universal and Energy‐Efficient Approach to Synthesize Pt‐Rare Earth Metal Alloys for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Jiang Nannan , Huang Bing , Wang Minghao , Chen Yumo , Yu Qiangmin , Guan Lunhui
Published: November 2023

Traditional synthesis methods of platinum‐rare earth metal (Pt‐RE) alloys usually involve harsh conditions and high energy consumption because of the low standard reduction potentials and high oxophilicity of RE metals. In this work, a one‐step strategy is developed by rapid Joule thermal‐shock (RJTS) to synthesize Pt‐RE alloys within tens of seconds. The method can not only realize the regulation of alloy size, but also a universal method for the preparation of a family of Pt‐RE alloys (RE = Ce, La, Gd, Sm, Tb, Y). In addition, the energy consumption of the Pt‐RE alloy preparation is only 0.052 kW h, which is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than other reported methods. This method allows individual Pt‐RE alloy to be embedded in the carbon substrate, endowing the alloy catalyst excellent durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The performance of alloy catalyst shows negligible decay after 20k accelerated durability testing (ADT) cycles. This strategy offers a new route to synthesize noble/non‐noble metal alloys with diversified applications besides ORR.
Evolutionary Spread of Distinct O‐methyltransferases Guides the Discovery of Unique Isoaspartate‐Containing Peptides, Pamtides
Authors: Lee Hyunbin , Park Sho Hee , Kim Jiyoon , Lee Jaehak , Koh Min Sun , Lee Jung Ho , Kim Seokhee
Published: November 2023

Ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a structurally diverse class of natural products with a distinct biosynthetic logic, the enzymatic modification of genetically encoded precursor peptides. Although their structural and biosynthetic diversity remains largely underexplored, the identification of novel subclasses with unique structural motifs and biosynthetic pathways is challenging. Here, it is reported that peptide/protein L‐aspartyl O‐methyltransferases (PAMTs) present in several RiPP subclasses are highly homologous. Importantly, it is discovered that the apparent evolutionary transmission of the PAMT gene to unrelated RiPP subclasses can serve as a basis to identify a novel RiPP subclass. Biochemical and structural analyses suggest that homologous PAMTs convert aspartate to isoaspartate via aspartyl‐O‐methyl ester and aspartimide intermediates, and often require cyclic or hairpin‐like structures for modification. By conducting homology‐based bioinformatic analysis of PAMTs, over 2,800 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are identified for known RiPP subclasses in which PAMTs install a secondary modification, and over 1,500 BGCs where PAMTs function as a primary modification enzyme, thereby defining a new RiPP subclass, named pamtides. The results suggest that the genome mining of proteins with secondary biosynthetic roles can be an effective strategy for discovering novel biosynthetic pathways of RiPPs through the principle of “guilt by association”.
Serum NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibodies as useful tumor markers in gastric cancer
Authors: Kawada Junji , Saito Takuro , Kurokawa Yukinori , Kawabata Ryohei , Takeno Atsushi , Takeoka Tomohira , Nose Yohei , Wada Hisashi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro ,   Osaka University Clinical Research Group for Gastroenterological Study
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The NY‐ESO‐1 antigen is highly immunogenic and often spontaneously induces an immune response in patients with cancer. We conducted a large‐scale multicenter cohort study to investigate the utility of serum NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibodies as predictive markers for the postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer. Here, we examined the usefulness of pre‐treatment NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibodies as tumor markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9).

Methods

A total of 1031 patients with cT3‐4 gastric cancer were enrolled in the study. NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibodies were assessed prior to treatment. The positivity of NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibodies, CEA, and CA19‐9 was evaluated before treatment.

Results

Serum NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibodies were positive in 12.6% and 18.1% of the patients, respectively. Positive NY‐ESO‐1 antibody response was correlated with male gender, higher cStage, and upper tumor location. However, a positive p53 antibody response was not associated with tumor factors. The combination of NY‐ESO‐1 or p53 antibody response with CEA and CA19‐9, or the 4‐factors, was positive in 45.1%, 49.6%, and 53.8% of patients, respectively. Moreover, the 4‐factor combination was able to detect >60% of cStage III‐IV diseases, which was 14% higher than that with the combination of CEA and CA19‐9.

Conclusion

The combination of NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibody responses to CEA and CA19‐9 increases the diagnostic accuracy of gastric cancer. Serum NY‐ESO‐1 and p53 antibodies may be useful tumor markers for gastric cancer.
Anti‐Inflammatory Nanotherapies Based on Bioactive Cyclodextrin Materials
Authors: Li Lanlan , Chen Bingyu , Li Gang , Chen Sheng , Zhang Jianxiang
Published: November 2023

Despite remarkable advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying inflammation, the currently available anti‐inflammatory therapies have many limitations, such as poor efficacies, low selectivity, and severe adverse effects. Bioactive materials with intrinsically anti‐inflammatory activities have emerged as promising drug candidates for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Among them, nanotherapies based on bioactive cyclodextrin (CD) materials have attracted much attention, owing to their multiple advantages, including broad availability, well‐controlled structures, easy functionalization, good processibility, high cost‐effectiveness, and excellent biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the development and applications of anti‐inflammatory nanoparticles (NPs) based on bioactive CD materials, with special focus on reactive oxygen species‐scavenging NPs and NPs capable of regulating inflammatory cell recruitment and activation. In addition, the applications of these anti‐inflammatory nanotherapies in the treatment of different acute/chronic inflammatory diseases are highlighted. Furthermore, major challenges in the clinical translation of these new generation anti‐inflammatory therapies derived from bioactive CD materials are discussed.
Synchronous Elimination of Excess Photoinstable PbI2 and Interfacial Band Mismatch for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Jiacheng , Sheng Wangping , Yang Jia , Zhong Yang , Cai Qianqian , Liu Yikun , Guo Zhao , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: November 2023

Eliminating the undesired photoinstability of excess lead iodide (PbI2) in the perovskite film and reducing the energy mismatch between the perovskite layer and heterogeneous interfaces are urgent issues to be addressed in the preparation of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) by two‐step sequential deposition method. Here, the 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) is employed to convert superfluous PbI2 to more robust 1D EMIMPbI3 which can withstand lattice strain, while forming an interfacial dipole layer at the SnO2/perovskite interface to reconfigure the interfacial energy band structure and accelerate the charge extraction. Consequently, the unencapsulated PVSCs device attains a champion efficiency of 24.28 % with one of the highest open‐circuit voltage (1.19 V). Moreover, the unencapsulated devices showcase significantly improved thermal stability, enhanced environmental stability and remarkable operational stability accompanied by 85 % of primitive efficiency retained over 1500 h at maximum power point tracking under continuous illumination.
Bent π‐Conjugation within a Macrocycle: Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Spirohexenolides A and B
Authors: Guo Lian‐Dong , Wu Yanting , Xu Xin , Lin Zhenyang , Tong Rongbiao
Published: November 2023

Macrocycles with bent π‐conjugation motif are extremely rare in nature and synthetically daunting and anticancer haouamines and spirohexenolides were representative of such rare natural products with synthetically challenging bent π‐conjugation within a macrocycle. While the total synthesis of haouamines has been elegantly achieved, spirohexenolides remains an unmet synthetic challenge due to the highly strained bent 1,3,5‐triene conjugation within C15 macrocycle. Inspired by the chemical synthesis of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and haouamines, herein we devise a synthetic strategy to overcome the highly strained bent 1,3,5‐triene conjugation within the macrocycle and achieve the first, asymmetric total synthesis of spirohexenolides A (>20 mg) and B (>50 mg). Our synthesis features strategic design of ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) macrocyclization followed by double dehydration to achieve the C15 macrocycle with the deformed nonplanar 1,3,5‐triene conjugation. In addition, we have developed a new enantioselective construction of highly functionalized spirotetronate fragment (northeast moiety) through RCM and Ireland–Claisen rearrangement. Our in vitro bioassay studies reveal that both spirohexenolides are cytotoxic against a panel of human cancer cells with IC50 1.2–13.3 μM and spirohexenolide A is consistently more potent (up to 3 times) than spirohexenolide B, suggesting the importance of alcohol for their bioactivity and for medicinal chemistry development.
Pd8 Nanocluster with Nonmetal‐to‐Metal‐ Ring Coordination and Promising Photothermal Conversion Efficiency
Authors: You Qing , Jiang Xue‐Lian , Fan Wentao , Cui Yun‐Shu , Zhao Yan , Zhuang Shengli , Gu Wanmiao , Liao Lingwen , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Li Jun , Wu Zhikun
Published: November 2023

Constructing ambient‐stable, single‐atom‐layered metal‐based materials with atomic precision and understanding their underlying stability mechanisms are challenging. Here, stable single‐atom‐layered nanoclusters of Pd were synthesized and precisely characterized through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. A pseudo‐pentalene‐like Pd8 unit was found in the nanocluster, interacting with two syn PPh units through nonmetal‐to‐metal ‐ring coordination. The unexpected coordination, which is distinctly different from the typical organoring‐to‐metal coordination in half‐sandwich‐type organometallic compounds, contributes to the ambient stability of the as‐obtained single‐atom‐layered nanocluster as revealed through theoretical and experimental analyses. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations revealed dominant electron transition along the horizontal x‐direction of the Pd8 plane, indicating high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of the nanocluster, which was verified by the experimental PCE of 73.3 %. Therefore, this study unveils the birth of a novel type of compound and the finding of the unusual nonmetal‐to‐metal ‐ring coordination and has important implications for future syntheses, structures, properties, and structure–property correlations of single‐atom‐layered metal‐based materials.
Regiodivergent Carbonylation of Alkenes: Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Linear and Branched Selenoesters
Authors: Cao Zhusong , Wang Qiang , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2023

An unprecedented regiodivergent palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of aromatic alkenes has been developed. Utilizing commercially available Pd(CH3CN)2Cl2 in the presence of 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl‐bis(tert‐butyl(pyridin‐2‐yl)phosphine) ligand L8 diverse selenoesters are obtained in a straightforward manner. Key to success for the control of the regioselectivity of the carbonylation step is the concentration of the acidic co‐catalyst. This general protocol features wide functional group compatibility and good regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the presence of stoichiometric amounts of acid changes the properties and coordination mode of the ligand leading to reversed regioselectivity.
Main‐chain Macromolecular Hydrazone Photoswitches
Authors: Thai Linh Duy , Fanelli Julian , Munaweera Rangika , O'Mara Megan L. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Mutlu Hatice
Published: November 2023

Hydrazones—consisting of a dynamic imine bond and an acidic NH proton—have recently emerged as versatile photoswitches underpinned by their ability to form thermally bistable isomers, (Z) and (E), respectively. Herein, we introduce two photoresponsive homopolymers containing structurally different hydrazones as main‐chain repeating units, synthesized via head‐to‐tail Acyclic Diene METathesis (ADMET) polymerization. Their key difference lies in the hydrazone design, specifically the location of the aliphatic arm connecting the rotor of the hydrazone photoswitch to the aliphatic polymer backbone. Critically, we demonstrate that their main photoresponsive property, i.e., their hydrodynamic volume, changes in opposite directions upon photoisomerization (λ=410 nm) in dilute solution. Further, the polymers—independent of the design of the individual hydrazone monomer—feature a photoswitchable glass transition temperature (Tg) by close to 10 °C. The herein established design strategy allows to photochemically manipulate macromolecular properties by simple structural changes.
Chemically decomposable imine‐based thermoset using oxidized sugar
Authors: Jeong Jisu , Goh Munju
Published: November 2023

Increasing environmental concerns have driven the pursuit of sustainable alternatives to petrochemical‐based plastics in polymer chemistry. In this study, we demonstrated a method by which sugar, the most chemically produced biomass, can be used as a thermosetting resin. The sucrose was successfully oxidized, synthesized, and then incorporated into a resin. Sodium periodate (NaIO4) was used to convert sucrose into chemical raw materials. The resulting polymer, prepared via the imine reaction, exhibited a glass transition temperature Tg of 96°C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, the thermosetting resin exhibited a tensile strength of 7 MPa, a modulus of 515 MPa, and a Tg of 100°C. We obtained reaction rate constants of 0.7 × 10−3 h−1 and 3.2 × 10−1 h−1 using THF and citric acid solutions, respectively. Furthermore, we reused the resin from the decomposed organic matter and confirmed that the resynthesized overall, our findings suggest the potential for green recycling by converting commonly used sugars into nature‐derived raw materials, leading to the development of eco‐friendly polymer synthesis.
Sulfurization of Electrode Material: A Promising Window for Supercapacitor Technology
Authors: Khan Junaid , Shakeel Noshaba , Alam Shahid , Alam Faiz , Dahshan Alaa
Published: November 2023

Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising energy storage technology with attributes like high power and tuneable energy density along with splined cyclic potential. Their performance is heavily driven by the employed electrode materials that still crave high charge storage and rate capabilities as well as virile conductivity. Among numerous applied strategies to patch the corresponding quandary, sulfurization has garnered significant attention as an effective method for improving the electrochemical depiction of electrode materials. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the sulfurization process applied to the electrode with the aim of providing profound overview of the latest developments, the impact of sulfur incorporation on electrode properties, and the resulting performance enhancement in supercapacitors. It explores the influence of sulfidation on the morphological, structural, and compositional aspects of electrode materials, highlighting the modification of surface area, pore size distribution, crystal structure, and the formation of active sites. The discussions on the improved specific capacitance, enhanced rate capability, prolonged cycle life, and upgraded energy density achieved are accumulated. Additionally, the review explores the challenges and limitations associated with sulfurization and strategies to mitigate trials for future directions of research and developments.
Pax‐8: Molecular biology, pathophysiology, and potential pathogenesis
Authors: Zhou Qinyi , Li Heng , Cheng Yaqiong , Ma Xiaofeng , Tang Shilin , Tang Chaoke
Published: November 2023

Transcription factors, as the convergence points of multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells, are closely involved in disease development. Pax‐8, an important transcription factor belonging to the Pax family, exerts a crucial influence on the regulation of gene expression required for both physiological conditions and pathological processes. Pax‐8 contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases, ranging from cardiovascular disease to many cancers, and therefore, it can be imagined that Pax‐8 holds great therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the structure, distribution, function, and regulatory mechanisms of Pax‐8 to provide a new research direction for Pax‐8.
On‐line targeted metabolomics for real‐time monitoring of relevant compounds in fermentation processes
Authors: Cortada‐Garcia Joan , Haggarty Jennifer , Weidt Stefan , Daly Rónán , Arnold S. Alison , Burgess Karl
Published: November 2023

Fermentation monitoring is a powerful tool for bioprocess development and optimization. On‐line metabolomics is a technology that is starting to gain attention as a bioprocess monitoring tool, allowing the direct measurement of many compounds in the fermentation broth at a very high time resolution. In this work, targeted on‐line metabolomics was used to monitor 40 metabolites of interest during three Escherichia coli succinate production fermentation experiments every 5 min with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. This allowed capturing high‐time resolution biological data that can provide critical information for process optimization. For nine of these metabolites, simple univariate regression models were used to model compound concentration from their on‐line mass spectrometry peak area. These on‐line metabolomics univariate models performed comparably to vibrational spectroscopy multivariate partial least squares regressions models reported in the literature, which typically are much more complex and time consuming to build. In conclusion, this work shows how on‐line metabolomics can be used to directly monitor many bioprocess compounds of interest and obtain rich biological and bioprocess data.
Pushing the boundaries of phosphorylase cascade reaction for cellobiose production II: Model‐based multiobjective optimization
Authors: Sigg Alexander , Klimacek Mario , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: November 2023

The inherent complexity of coupled biocatalytic reactions presents a major challenge for process development with one‐pot multienzyme cascade transformations. Kinetic models are powerful engineering tools to guide the optimization of cascade reactions towards a performance suitable for scale up to an actual production. Here, we report kinetic model‐based window of operation analysis for cellobiose production (≥100 g/L) from sucrose and glucose by indirect transglycosylation via glucose 1‐phosphate as intermediate. The two‐step cascade transformation is catalyzed by sucrose and cellobiose phosphorylase in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of phosphate (≤27 mol% of substrate). Kinetic modeling was instrumental to uncover the hidden effect of bulk microviscosity due to high sugar concentrations on decreasing the rate of cellobiose phosphorylase specifically. The mechanistic‐empirical hybrid model thus developed gives a comprehensive description of the cascade reaction at industrially relevant substrate conditions. Model simulations serve to unravel opposed relationships between efficient utilization of the enzymes and maximized concentration (or yield) of the product within a given process time, in dependence of the initial concentrations of substrate and phosphate used. Optimum balance of these competing key metrics of process performance is suggested from the model‐calculated window of operation and is verified experimentally. The evidence shown highlights the important use of kinetic modeling for the characterization and optimization of cascade reactions in ways that appear to be inaccessible to purely data‐driven approaches.
Advances in the role of circulating tumor cell heterogeneity in metastatic small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Qunxia , Tan Li‐Ming
Published: November 2023

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive malignancy, is rapidly at an extensive stage once diagnosed and is one of the leading causes of death from malignancy. In the past decade, the treatment of SCLC has largely remained unchanged, and chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of SCLC treatment. The therapeutic value of adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy for SCLC is low, and only a few SCLC patients have shown a response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells shed from solid tumor masses into the peripheral circulation and are key to tumor metastasis. Single‐cell sequencing has revealed that the genetic profiles of individual CTCs are highly heterogeneous and contribute to the poor outcome and prognosis of SCLC patients. Theoretically, phenotypic analysis of CTCs may be able to predict the diagnostic significance of new potential targets for metastatic tumors. In this paper, we will discuss in depth the heterogeneity of CTCs in SCLC and the value of CTCs for the diagnosis and prognosis of SCLC and as relevant tumor markers in metastatic SCLC.
Radiotranscriptomics identified new mRNAs and miRNA markers for distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Yang Qian , Li Qiuyang , Li Nan , Wang Dingyi , Niu Shaoxi , Tang Peng , Xiao Jing , Zhao Jiahang , Wang Pei , Luo Yukun , Tang Jie
Published: November 2023

The present study investigated ultrasound (US) phenotypes reflecting prostate cancer (PCa)‐related genetic mutations. Herein, integration of radiotranscriptomic data, US and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) radiomic images, and RNA sequencing was performed with the aim of significantly improving the accuracy of PCa prognosis. We performed radiotranscriptomic analysis of clinical, imaging, and two genomic (mRNA and microRNA expression) datasets from 48 and 22 men with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), respectively. Twenty‐three US texture features and four microvascular perfusion features were associated with various patterns of 52 differentially expressed genes related to PCa (p < 0.05); 17 overexpressed genes were associated with two key texture features. Twelve overexpressed genes were identified using microvascular perfusion features. Furthermore, mRNA and miRNA biomarkers could be used to distinguish between PCa and BPH. Compared with RNA sequencing, B‐mode and CEUS features reflected genomic alterations associated with hormone receptor status, angiogenesis, and prognosis in patients with PCa. These findings indicate the potential of US to assess biomarker levels in patients with PCa.
Histological and whole‐genome sequencing analysis of coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft for the treatment of gingival recession—A case study
Authors: Reddy Saravanan Sampoornam Pape , Manohar Balaji
Published: November 2023

Background

Oral tissue morphogenesis is innately determined and genetically controlled by underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue graft (CTG) harvested from palatal donor sites originally retains “regional specificity” and is considered to be responsible for epithelial keratinization.

Methods

This case study presents histological and genomic outcomes of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with CTG for the management of marginal tissue recession (MTR). The tissue samples harvested at 12‐month postoperative period, during the debulking procedure of the treated site were subjected to Masson's trichrome staining (MTS) and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS).

Results

Clinically, the mean root coverage as compared to baseline at 6 months (90%), 12 months (95%), and 24 months (95%) postoperatively was achieved. Overbulking of treated site was evident even after 12 months. Nevertheless, clinically discernible alterations in epithelial keratinization were not present. Although MTS revealed areas of non‐keratinization and para‐keratinization, WGS revealed a significant expression of keratinization genes, neural crest, and positional marker genes.

Conclusions

CAF with CTG is still considered the “gold standard” in treatment of MTR. The keratinization of overlying epithelium at sites hitherto where non‐keratinized mucosa is advanced over CTG may not be complete even after 12 months. It is evident from the analysis of the reported case that clinically such sites may appear non‐keratinized despite the expression of genes for keratinization. The complex interplay between genomic and phenotypic expressions serves as a foundation of biological concepts. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge that the phenotype of an organism is not solely determined by genetic expression and is often influenced by a complex interaction between genetic background and environmental factors.

Key Summary

The connective tissue serves as a medium for transmitting the genetic code and exerting an influence on the properties of the overlying epithelial tissue.

Concrete evidence implies connective tissue plays a significant role in influencing the keratinization process of the overlying epithelium.

Epithelial keratinization following a coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft is also governed by environmental factors in addition to inherent potential within the graft.

Differences in gene expression profiles may vary from individuals, teeth and among sites.
Congenital solitary kidney in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Where do known genes end and the unknown begin?
Authors: Bucci Romina , Tunesi Francesca , De Rosa Liliana Italia , Carrera Paola , Mancassola Giulia , Catania Martina , Vezzoli Giuseppe , Sciarrone Alibrandi Maria Teresa
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

We present the case of a 41‐year‐old man patient diagnosed with solitary left kidney with few cysts. He has a family history of unilateral renal agenesis (URA) but no for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Genetic testing revealed PKD1 gene intron 11 heterozygous nucleotide variant c.2854‐23G>T, but no gene mutation implicated in URA. Just eight cases of ADPKD with one kidney have been recorded globally. PC1 and PC2 disruption, causing primary cilia malformation or absence resulting in relevant in the first embryonic development alteration. Cillia's crucial significance in many diseases will require more research.
Proton Conduction over the Zeolite with Surface Water Cluster for the Water Electrolysis at Neutral Condition
Authors: Tashiro Keigo , Saito Taisei , Goto Kojiro , Masuda Junki , Miyakage Takumi , Shimoda Shuhei , Toyao Takashi , Tsunoji Nao , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Matsumoto Hiroshige , Satokawa Shigeo
Published: November 2023

Electrolytic hydrogen production from water at neutral pH was achieved by using novel proton (H+) conduction system assisted by zeolite. Experimental and computational insights demonstrated that defective silanol nest generated by dealumination played an important role in the formation of water clusters and the H+ conduction over the zeolites proceeded via exchange of H‐bonding between water molecules in the cluster. In addition, a proper balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity is required for effective H+ conduction and silanol nest afford the balance. Furthermore, the contribution of hydrophilicity of the zeolite for the adsorption of water molecules became more drastic at high temperatures. Water electrolysis efficiency was strongly dependent on the H+ conductivity over the beta‐type zeolite. The electrolytic cell containing the zeolite has the potential to be applied to the new hydrogen production system.
On Demand Synthesis of C3−N1’ Bisindoles by a Formal Umpolung Strategy: First Total Synthesis of (±)‐Rivularin A
Authors: Tokushige Keisuke , Abe Takumi
Published: November 2023

In this work, a straightforward synthesis of C3−N1’ bisindolines is achieved by a formal umpolung strategy. The protocols were tolerant of a wide variety of substituents on the indole and indoline ring. In addition, the C3−N1’ bisindolines could be converted to C3−N1’ indole‐indolines and C3−N1’‐bisindoles. Also, we have successfully synthesized (±)‐rivularin A through a biomimetic late‐stage tribromination as a key step.
A Nitronyl Nitroxide‐Substituted Benzotriazinyl Tetraradical**
Authors: Tretyakov Evgeny V. , Zayakin Igor A. , Dmitriev Alexey A. , Fedin Matvey V. , Romanenko Galina V. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Akyeva Anna Ya. , Syroeshkin Mikhail A. , Yoshioka Naoki , Gritsan Nina P.
Published: November 2023

High‐spin organic tetraradicals with significant intramolecular exchange interactions have high potential for advanced technological applications and fundamental research, but those synthesized to date possess limited stability and processability. In this work, we have designed a tetraradical based on the Blatter's radical and nitronyl nitroxide radical moieties and successfully synthesized it by using the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of a triiodo‐derivative of the 1,2,4‐benzotriazinyl radical with gold(I) nitronyl nitroxide‐2‐ide complex in the presence of a newly developed efficient catalytic system. The molecular and crystal structure of the tetraradical was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The tetraradical possesses good thermal stability with decomposition onset at ∼150 °C under an inert atmosphere and exhibits reversible redox waves at −0.54 and 0.45 V versus Ag/AgCl. The magnetic properties of the tetraradical were characterized by SQUID magnetometry of polycrystalline powders and EPR spectroscopy in various matrices. The collected data, analyzed by using high‐level quantum chemical calculations, confirmed that the tetraradical has a triplet ground state and a nearby excited quintet state. The unique high stability of the prepared triazinyl‐nitronylnitroxide tetraradical is a new milestone in the field of creating high‐spin systems.
Efficient multiply robust imputation in the presence of influential units in surveys
Authors: Chen Sixia , Haziza David , Michal Victoire
Published: November 2023

Item nonresponse is a common issue in surveys. Because unadjusted estimators may be biased in the presence of nonresponse, it is common practice to impute the missing values with the objective of reducing the nonresponse bias as much as possible. However, commonly used imputation procedures may lead to unstable estimators of population totals/means when influential units are present in the set of respondents. In this article, we consider the class of multiply robust imputation procedures that provide some protection against the failure of underlying model assumptions. We develop an efficient version of multiply robust estimators based on the concept of conditional bias, a measure of influence. We present the results of a simulation study to show the benefits of our proposed method in terms of bias and efficiency.
Bending Relaxation of H2O by Collision with Para‐ and Ortho‐H2
Authors: García‐Vázquez Ricardo Manuel , Faure Alexandre , Stoecklin Thierry
Published: November 2023

We extend our recent theoretical work on the bending relaxation of H2O in collisions with H2 by including the three water modes of vibration coupled with rotation, as well as the rotation of H2. Our full quantum close‐coupling method (excluding the H2 vibration) is combined with a high‐accuracy nine‐dimensional potential energy surface. The collisions of para‐H2O and ortho‐H2O with the two spin modifications of H2 are considered and compared for several initial states of H2O. The convergence of the results as a function of the size of the rotational basis set of the two colliders is discussed. In particular, near‐resonant energy transfer between H2O and H2 is found to control the vibrational relaxation process, with a dominant contribution of transitions with
=
,
and
being respectively the H2 initial and final rotational quantum numbers. Finally, the calculated value of the H2O bending relaxation rate coefficient at 295 K is found to be in excellent agreement with its experimental estimate.
High voltage gain quasi Z‐source inverter unified with switched three‐winding coupled inductor
Authors: Yousefi Moghadam Farshid , Abbasi Vahid , Hemmati Siroos
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a new high voltage gain quasi Z‐source inverter consisting of a switched‐inductor unit. A coupled inductor including three windings is utilized in structure of the switched inductor in a way to increase voltage gain effectively. In addition, the configuration includes an active switch with low number of components that has positive effects on voltage gain and two of its components recycles stored energy of the coupled inductor similar to a clamp circuit. The converter boosts voltage appropriately in low shoot‐through duty cycles and transfers power with a continuous input current, leading to a reduction in losses, requiring smaller output filter and improving the efficiency. Also, the converter can operate in high modulation index for similar voltage gains compared to the other works which improves quality of outputs. Low number of components and fewer cores for inductors are considered during the design of the converter, causing some superiorities for it in comparisons. In addition, the presented converter has appropriate condition from the viewpoint of voltage stress on its diodes. To validate quality of the converter performance, a 240‐W prototype is prepared that converts 35‐ to 60‐V DC to three‐phase sinusoidal voltages where effective voltage of each phase is equal to 110 V.
Benchtop fine needle aspirations: An untapped source of cytologic educational material
Authors: Wu Yubo , Lepe Marcos
Published: November 2023

Fine needle aspirations (FNAs) are a valuable tool for the diagnosis of a wide variety of lesions. However, obtaining proficiency in performing FNAs and finding simulated scenarios where one can practice specimen adequacy and slide smearing can all be challenging. Benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens offer a novel training opportunity that addresses these needs. In this study, we describe the feasibility and practicality of benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens as a training tool. We performed benchtop FNAs on multiple specimen types, although most were partial and radical nephrectomies. We documented this approach to cytology training and have provided examples of slides that were generated, along with the surgical pathology correlate. Our results suggest that benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens can be a valuable training tool in the arsenal of today's cytopathologist. This technique offers several advantages over traditional training methods, including the ability to generate high‐quality cytology slides, provide cyto‐histo correlation, and practice almost immediate gross‐microscopic correlation. However, there are also some disadvantages to this approach, including the need for immediate access to fresh surgical specimens and the potential for artifacts to be introduced. Overall, we believe that benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens offer a promising new training tool that can maximize training opportunities, especially in institutions where the FNA volume is low.
A Passing Problem: Evaluating Harm and Benefit in Autism Research
Authors: Ne'eman Ari , Richman Kenneth A. , McCarthy Allison M. , Wilkenfeld Daniel
Published: November 2023

Autism research frequently seeks to evaluate interventions or inform their development. Unfortunately, researchers often assume that autism intervention should reduce autistic traits, effectively setting as a goal of treatment that autistic people attempt to “pass” as nonautistic. A growing body of evidence highlights serious potential harms from passing demands. We discuss why it is important for institutional review boards (IRBs) to scrutinize autism research for clinical passing demands, and we document the existence of such demands in outcome measures commonly employed in autism research. We propose an ethical framework for IRBs and others to make use of in evaluating the ethical appropriateness of particular treatment goals in autism intervention or intervention‐adjacent research, emphasizing that treatment goals should be in pursuit of a beneficial nonpassing purpose and be the least burdensome means of accomplishing such a purpose. We also highlight potential promising practices for IRBs, investigators, and other stakeholders seeking to address these issues in autism research.
Circulating CD8 lymphocytes predict response to atezolizumab–bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gramantieri Laura , Suzzi Fabrizia , Bassi Cristian , D'Abundo Lucilla , Tovoli Francesco , Bruccoleri Mariangela , Marseglia Mariarosaria , Alimenti Eleonora , Fornari Francesca , Negrini Massimo , Iavarone Massimo , Piscaglia Fabio , Giovannini Catia
Published: November 2023

Due to the lack of biomarkers predictive of response to atezolizumab–bevacizumab, the standard of care for advanced HCC, we analyzed baseline and early on‐treatment variation of peripheral lymphocyte populations of 37 prospective patients treated by atezolizumab–bevacizumab and in 15 prospective patients treated by sorafenib or lenvatinib (TKIs). RNAseq analysis followed by RT‐PCR validation on patients‐derived PBMC was also performed. At first imaging, re‐evaluation 13 patients receiving atezolizumab–bevacizumab, showed an objective response, 17 stable disease, while 7 were nonresponders. Baseline CD8+ and CD8+PD‐L1+ peripheral lymphocytes were lower in responders versus nonresponders (T‐test, p = 0.012 and 0.004, respectively). At 3 weeks, 28 of 30 responders displayed a rise of CD8+PD1+ lymphocytes with a positive mean fold change of 4.35 (±5.6 SD), whereas 6 of 7 nonresponders displayed a negative fold change of 0.89 (±0.84 SD). These changes were not observed in patients treated by TKIs. TRIM56, TRIM16, TRIM64, and Ki67 mRNAs were validated as upregulated in responders versus nonresponders after 3 weeks after treatment start, providing possible evidence of immune activation. Baseline CD8+ and CD8+PD‐L1+ peripheral lymphocytes and early changes in CD8+PD1+ lymphocytes predict response to atezolizumab–bevacizumab providing noninvasive markers to complement clinical practice in the very early phases of treatment of HCC patients.
Room‐Temperature Synthesis of a Compositionally Complex Rare‐Earth Carbonate Hydroxide and its Conversion into a Bixbyite‐Type High‐Entropy Sesquioxide
Authors: Bernauer Jan , Trapp Maximillian , Wiehl Leonore , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Ionescu Emanuel
Published: November 2023

In the present work, the solvent‐deficient synthesis of the high‐entropy rare‐earth carbonate hydroxide RE(CO3)(OH) (RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) and its thermal conversion into bixbyite‐type sesquioxide RE2O3 are reported for the first time. The high‐entropy rare earth carbonate hydroxide was prepared via mechanochemical reaction of the corresponding metal nitrate hydrates with ammonium hydrogen carbonate followed by the removal of the NH4NO3 by‐product. Calcination of the carbonate hydroxide precursor in ambient atmosphere at temperatures in the range from 500 to 1000 °C led to the high‐entropy rare earth sesquioxide which exhibited a bixbyite‐type structure (
) independent of the calcination temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation revealed the homogeneous distribution of all six rare earth cations in the high‐entropy sesquioxide lattice, however, with some compositional variation between individual grains. The bixbyite‐type structure may be considered as the result of heavy doping of the fluorite‐type CeO2 lattice with the other rare earth cations, which leads to a high concentration of oxygen vacancies, as revealed by electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy data. The solvent‐deficient synthesis method used in the present study is considered as a valuable, straightforward and easily up‐scalable method to synthesize compositionally complex oxide ceramics.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzylamine by Cadmium‐Based MOF Constructed with Flexible Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Wang Danxiao , Sun Chunfeng , Wang Yanxia
Published: November 2023

MOFs (Metal organic frameworks) have diverse structures that present great potential for light capture and light conversion. Therefore, MOFs are widely used in the study of photocatalysis. However, there still are some challenges in photocatalytic organic conversion upon MOFs under mild conditions, such as poor light absorption performance. Here, we successfully synthesized a new Cd‐connected two‐dimensional MOF by a simple hydrothermal method, termed [Cd(PLA)(4,4’‐bipy)0.5 ]⋅(DMF) (Cd‐PLA) (PLA= phenylene‐diacetic acid, 4,4’‐bipy= 4,4’‐bipyridine and DMF= N,N’‐dimethyl formamide). The bpy‐containing Cd‐PLA possesses excellent light harvest ability and suitable photocatalysis energy potential, allowing it to be a remarkable photocatalyst with highly efficiency and selectivity for the photo‐oxidation of benzylamine. This work provides an efficient, economical, and green way for oxidation of amines to produce imines under ultraviolet light irradiation.
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion methods of carbohydrate‐rich foods
Authors: Dávila León Rebeca , González‐Vázquez Marcela , Lima‐Villegas Karen Estefania , Mora‐Escobedo Rosalva , Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina
Published: November 2023

The trend toward healthier food products has led to an increase in the research of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion methods. Among the most used models, static models are the simplest. Most static models have three stages: oral, gastric, and intestinal, simulating the enzymatic, electrolyte, pH, temperature, and bile salt conditions. The studies that have taken the most notice are those related to antioxidant activity, followed by those dealing with proteins and carbohydrates using most of them static in vitro digestion models. The number of these studies has increased over the years, passing from 45 to 415 in a 10‐year period (2012–2023) and showing an interest in knowing the impact of food on human health. Nevertheless, published papers report different methodologies and analytical approaches. This review discusses the similarities and differences between the published static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion methods, with a focus on carbohydrates, finding that the most used protocol is Infogest, but with differences, mainly in the type of enzymes and their activity. Regarding in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of carbohydrates, many of the published studies are related to food and biomacromolecules, being the oral phase the most omitted, while the intestinal phase in the most diverse. Other methodologies to study the intestinal phase have been recommended, but the number of in vitro digestion studies using these methodologies (RSIE and BBMV) is still scarce but could represent a good alternative to analyze carbohydrates foods when combining with Infogest. More studies are required in this area.