bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der rheumatologische Patient auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Schneeweiß-Gleixner Mathias , Bécède Manuel
Published: June 2023

Patienten mit systemischen rheumatischen Erkrankungen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, im Laufe ihrer Erkrankung eine intensivmedizinische Betreuung in Anspruch nehmen zu müssen. Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden stellen dabei die häufigsten Krankheitsentitäten dar.

Oft ist unklar, ob die Grunderkrankung per se im Rahmen einer Krankheitsexazerbation oder eine infektiologische Komplikation beispielsweise als Folge der laufenden Immunsuppression ursächlich für die akute Verschlechterung ist. Eine respiratorische Insuffizienz und der Kreislaufschock repräsentieren hierbei die häufigsten Aufnahmegründe, was sich auch in den zur Anwendung kommenden intensivmedizinischen Therapien (invasive Beatmung, Kreislaufunterstützung, extrakorporale Verfahren) widerspiegelt.

Aufgrund der reduzierten Datenlage, der damit einhergehenden schlechten Charakterisierung dieses Patientengutes und wegen der Komplexität ihrer Erkrankung stellen Patienten mit systemischen rheumatologischen Erkrankungen eine große Herausforderung in der Behandlung auf der Intensivstation dar. Nur die Betreuung im multidisziplinären Setting mit Rheumatologen, Intensivmedizinern und Infektiologen kann hierbei zum besten Behandlungsergebnis führen.
Systematic comparison of advanced models of two- and three-parameter equations to model the imbibition recovery profiles in naturally fractured reservoirs
Authors: Zarin Taha , Sufali Ali , Ghaedi Mojtaba
Published: June 2023

The imbibition process can be considered one of the most important mechanisms during the production of naturally fractured formations. In this process, the hydrocarbon production in the matrix blocks surrounded by water-filled fractures can be described by a recovery curve. Different equations have been proposed to describe the recovery process during the imbibition. This work presents a detailed analysis of the performance of two- and three-parameter models including Weibull, Probit, Logit-Hill, one-hit-multi-target (1HMT), and all-hit-multi-target (AHMT). These models were tested against different experimental and numerical simulation data in a wide range of rock and fluid properties and matrix dimensions. Particularly, the functionality of these models was examined in early, mid, and late times. It should be highlighted that the three-parameter models (1HMT and AHMT) have not been used previously to describe the imbibition data. The results show that the three-parameter models are more accurate to describe the imbibition recovery trends compared to the two-parameter models. Moreover, the analysis revealed that the AHMT model is better for the early-time data (Error = 0.5), the Logit-Hill model is more accurate for the mid-time data (Error = 0.075), and the Weibull model can best fit the late-time imbibition data (Error = 0.04). Finally, the best model for predicting the recovery factor in fractured reservoirs is model 1HMT because the lowest average RMSE (Root-Mean-Square Error) value of 0.0165 was obtained. The findings of this work can be used to more precisely select the model to curve fit the imbibition data.
Evaluation and assessment of clique arrangements for the estimation of omnipolar electrograms in high density electrode arrays: an experimental animal model study
Authors: Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel , Crespo Marina , Tormos Álvaro , Guill Antonio , Cebrián Antonio , Alberola Antonio , Heimer Jakob , Chorro Francisco J. , Millet José , Castells Francisco
Published: June 2023

High-density catheters combined with Orientation Independent Sensing (OIS) methods have emerged as a groundbreaking technology for cardiac substrate characterisation. In this study, we aim to assess the arrangements and constraints to reliably estimate the so-called omnipolar electrogram (oEGM). Performance was evaluated using an experimental animal model. Thirty-eight recordings from nine retrospective experiments on isolated perfused rabbit hearts with an epicardial HD multielectrode were used. We estimated oEGMs according to the classic triangular clique (4 possible orientations) and a novel cross-orientation clique arrangement. Furthermore, we tested the effects of interelectrode spacing from 1 to 4 mm. Performance was evaluated by means of several parameters that measured amplitude rejection ratios, electric field loop area, activation pulse width and morphology distortion. Most reliable oEGM estimations were obtained with cross-configurations and interelectrode spacings $$\le 2$$

≤
2

mm. Estimations from triangular cliques resulted in wider electric field loops and unreliable detection of the direction of the propagation wavefront. Moreover, increasing interelectrode distance resulted in increased pulse width and morphology distortion. The results prove that current oEGM estimation techniques are insufficiently accurate. This study opens a new standpoint for the design of new-generation HD catheters and mapping software.
Financing Disaster Risk Reduction: Exploring the Opportunities, Challenges, and Threats Within the Southern African Development Community Region
Authors: Coetzee Christo , Khoza Sizwile , Nemakonde Livhuwani D. , Shoroma Lesego B. , Wentink Gideon W. , Nyirenda Maynard , Chikuse Steven , Kamanga Tchaka , Maripe Kgosietsile , Rankopo Morenaogaufi J. , Mwansa Lengwe-Katembula , Van Niekerk Dewald
Published: June 2023

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, a regional economic body comprised of 16 member states, is one of our planet’s most vulnerable regions to natural hazards, and has a complex disaster risk profile. The region has sustained several disasters over the past decades. These events include annual floods in 2004–2019 and extreme droughts (1990–1993); other climate-induced disasters, such as cyclones, also have had devastating impacts, particularly on the Indian Ocean island states and east coast countries. To reduce the risk and impacts of disasters, governments must invest in disaster risk reduction (DRR). However, interventions aimed at reducing social and economic vulnerability and investing in long-term mitigation activities are often few, poorly funded, and insignificant in comparison with money spent on humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and post-disaster reconstruction. This study investigated whether DRR is adequately funded within SADC member states in light of the high stakes in human life, infrastructure, and economic losses and the potential savings involved. The study applied a qualitative research design with data collected through semistructured interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents were selected purposefully and through snowball sampling with a total of 67 respondents from Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe participating in the study. The study findings reveal that DRR is inadequately funded in all the member states consulted in comparison to funding allocated to disaster response. In light of the underfunding experienced by DRR activities, this study provides a platform for lobbying and advocacy for adequate funding for DRR.
Considerations for the Consumption of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in Athlete Populations
Authors: Peeling Peter , Sim Marc , McKay Alannah K. A.
Published: June 2023

Vitamins and minerals are of fundamental importance to numerous human functions that are essential to optimise athlete performance. Athletes incur a high turnover of key vitamins and minerals and are therefore dependent on sufficient energy intake to replenish nutrient stores. However, many athletes are poor at servicing their energy replenishment needs, especially female athletes, and although a ‘food first approach’ to meeting nutrient requirements is the primary goal, it may be important for some athletes to consider a vitamin and/or mineral supplement to meet their daily needs. When working to determine if an athlete requires vitamin or mineral supplements, practitioners should use a robust framework to assess the overall energy requirements, current dietary practices and the biological and clinical status of their athletes. Of note, any supplementation plan should account for the various factors that may impact the efficacy of the approach (e.g. athlete sex, the nutrient recommended dietary intake, supplement dose/timing, co-consumption of other foods and any food–drug interactions). Importantly, there are numerous vitamins and minerals of key importance to athletes, each having specific relevance to certain situations (e.g. iron and B vitamins are significant contributors to haematological adaptation, calcium and vitamin D are important to bone health and folate is important in the female athlete); therefore, the appropriate supplement for a given situation should be carefully considered and consumed with the goal to augment an athlete’s diet.
Risk factors analysis and nomogram construction for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures
Authors: Huang Jingbiao , Ge Heng’an , Zhu Xiaoping , Xue Chao , Su Qihang , Chen Xujuan , Cheng Biao
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to predict the probability of postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures by developing and validating a precise model.

Methods

The clinical data of 1008 elderly hip fracture patients undergoing surgical treatment in Shanghai Tenth Peoples’ Hospital were retrospectively selected. A univariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures. A risk prediction model was established, and a nomogram was drawn. The area under the ROC curve and Hosmer‒Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the predictive effect of the model.

Results

The multivariate regression analysis indicated that age > 73, time from fracture to surgery (d) > 4 days, smoking, ASA ≥ III level, COPD, hypoproteinemia, red cell distribution width > 14.8%, mechanical ventilation time > 180 min, and stay in the ICU were independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients. The AUCs of the model were 0.891 and 0.881, 0.843, respectively, in the two verification groups. For the Hosmer‒Lemeshow test, the P values were 0.726 in the modeling group and 0.497 and 0.231 in the verification group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Overall, this study uncovered different independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with hip fractures. The nomogram can effectively predict the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary infection.
Microbially Influenced Corrosion and its Control Measures: A Critical Review
Authors: Rao Padmalatha , Mulky Lavanya
Published: June 2023

Corrosion of materials, induced either by chemicals, or environmental factors or microbials is always a threat to industries. If remain unattended, it will have direct influence on environmental pollution. In recent years lot of work is reported on microbially influenced corrosion which is more prevalent in biotechnology and chemical engineering process industries. However, reports for preventive measures which are taken to mitigate microbially induced corrosion are highly limited. This review is an attempt to consolidate and make a systematic, up to date report on various control techniques that could be implemented to overcome microbially influenced corrosion. The review report opens up by highlighting the causes and concerns related to microbially influenced corrosion, and explains in detail mechanistic aspects of it. It provides in-depth view on attenuating microbially influenced corrosion by using synthetic compounds, green inhibitors, surface modifications, biofilm formation, and nano-particles. The review critically discusses the corrosion inhibition mechanism with merits and limitations of each microbially influenced corrosion inhibitors.
Predicting traffic propagation flow in urban road network with multi-graph convolutional network
Authors: Yang Haiqiang , Li Zihan , Qi Yashuai
Published: June 2023

Traffic volume propagating from upstream road link to downstream road link is the key parameter for designing intersection signal timing scheme. Recent works successfully used graph convolutional network (GCN) and specific time-series model to forecast traffic flow by capturing the spatial–temporal features. However, accurately predicting traffic propagation flow (tpf) is challenging, since the classical GCN model only considers the influence of adjacent road link. In complex urban road network, specific traffic propagation flow (tpf) is affected by various spatial features, such as adjacent tpf, which influences from tpf with same upstream link and tpf with same downstream link. Thus, we proposed a multi-graph learning-based model named TPP-GCN (traffic propagation prediction-graph convolutional network) in this paper to predict the traffic propagation flow in urban road network. The TPP-GCN model captures not only the temporal features but also multi-spatial features based on multi-layer convolution. We validated the model using real-world traffic flow data derived from taxi GPS data in Shenzhen, China. Finally, we compare and evaluate the proposed model with the existing models across several prediction scales.
An integrated framework for non-destructive evaluation of bridges using UAS: a case study
Authors: Perez Jimeno Sergio , Capa Salinas Jose , Perez Caicedo Javier Alexander , Rojas Manzano Manuel Alejandro
Published: June 2023

The following paper proposes an Unmanned Aircraft System (drone) inspection framework for communities where guidelines for this emerging technology have yet to be provided. The framework involves pilot training in an area with similar features to the structure to be inspected, developing best inspection practices for future application, selecting a bridge for detailed inspection using non-destructive testing methods such as visual inspection, and inspecting the bridge using the UAS inspection framework developed for the area. The results of both reviews are compared, and the framework is validated. The final inspection framework is presented in the paper, along with relevant conclusions and future work. The proposed framework can be valuable for infrastructure owners and inspectors to conduct more efficient and cost-effective bridge inspections while ensuring safety in communities with limited UAS guidelines and research work. The structural analysis, qualitative assessment, and load rating of the case study are presented as proof of concept on the effectiveness of the UAS bridge inspection and its advantages.
A network analysis of the non-fungible token (NFT) market: structural characteristics, evolution, and interactions
Authors: Alizadeh Sajjad , Setayesh Amin , Mohamadpour Arash , Bahrak Behnam
Published: June 2023

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are a type of digital asset that can prove ownership of both virtual and physical assets using blockchains. Even though creating and trading NFTs have experienced a significant increase, research on the NFT market and its features is limited. In this study, we aim to bridge this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis on the NFT market and its evolution from a network perspective. We examined the transactions network between NFT buyers and sellers and analyzed the structural characteristics of the NFT trades network. Additionally, we looked at how NFT usage and transactions have changed over time. Our findings indicate that a few participants are responsible for most of the NFT sales and purchases, while the majority of the addresses have only a few NFT transactions. Furthermore, we investigated the structural properties of the NFT trades network, including centrality measures, clustering coefficient, and assortativity, and how they have changed over time. We also explored the interactions between NFTs by constructing a graph of NFT relations. We identified four major communities and highlighted the top NFT projects in each community. We also examined the NFT projects that buyers mostly purchase together.
‘New localism’ in Australian schools: Country as Teacher as a critical pedagogy of place
Authors: Spillman David , Wilson Ben , Nixon Monty , McKinnon Katharine
Published: June 2023

This article reports on phase
two of our school-based Country as Teacher research, focusing on teacher’s learning and experiences through their efforts to enact Country as Teacher curriculum and pedagogy with students in ACT schools. Cultivating their own practices of reciprocal Relating with Country (Phase 1, see Spillman, Wilson, Nixon & McKinnon, 2022) prepares teachers to enact Country as Teacher with students. A yarning circle focus group and semi-structured interviews were again used to unpack teacher’s reflections and learnings regarding their attempts to enact Country as Teacher curriculum and pedagogies through units of work. Due to major disruptions in schooling caused by a long COVID lockdown, during Term Three 2021, participation in data collection for Phase 2 of the Country as Teacher research was on a voluntary basis. Thirteen of the original twenty-six teachers offered to participate. Despite the COVID disruptions, many teachers felt that the high levels of student engagement with Country as Teacher, expressions of wellness through these experiences, and the emergence of inquiry approaches, conferred ‘permission’ to continue enacting these pedagogies in their day-to-day teaching and learning, even when perceived not to be a direct enactment of the Australian Curriculum. This flagged a clear theme in the qualitative data, of teacher’s growing desire to enact a ‘moral imperative’, to ‘do it for the students’. Teacher’s own experiences Relating with Country were also deemed essential to the motivation and courage necessary to enact Country as Teacher pedagogies. This formative research suggests that high levels of student engagement motivated teachers to reinterpret systemic accountabilities and imperatives. We propose that in this way, among others discussed below, Country as Teacher operated as a ‘critical pedagogy of place.’
Exploring the significance of toponyms in the university linguistics curriculum: insights from Kibera in Kenya and Sabalibougou in Mali
Authors: Otundo Billian Khalayi , Doumbia Lamine
Published: June 2023

Africa’s linguistic diversity and cultural richness make it an ideal setting for incorporating case studies of toponyms (place names) into the university linguistics curriculum. By examining the toponyms of Kibera slum areas in Kenya and those of the people of Sabalibougou in Southern Mali, this article explores the various ways that toponyms can be used to enhance the understanding of African languages and cultures. Based on the premise that toponyms communicate knowledge about the natural world, peoples’ experiences, indigenous and local languages, and history, the two case studies of this article highlight the following factors as reasons why toponyms should be studied and incorporated into the university’s linguistics curricula: (i) They reveal the interplay between history, socio-political manifestations, and language; (ii) provide awareness of the role of geography on language, language contact, and language endangerment; (iii) facilitate the relationship between language and culture; and (iv) allow practising orthography, phonetic transcription, and morphosemantics of African languages. Hence, incorporating toponym case studies, like those provided in this study, into the linguistics curriculum can enable students to better comprehend and appreciate Africa’s linguistic diversity and cultural richness, ultimately contributing to the decolonisation of education in Africa.
Eine systematische Übersicht und Meta-Analyse zum Zusammenhang von destruktiver Führung und der psychischen Gesundheit Beschäftigter
Authors: Negt Philip
Published: June 2023

Die Beziehung zwischen Führungskraft und Beschäftigten gilt als wichtiger Einflussfaktor auf psychisches Wohlergehen am Arbeitsplatz. Mit Begriffen wie Toxic Leadership oder Abusive Supervision ist betriebliche Führung zuletzt häufiger in ihren dysfunktionalen Anteilen beschrieben worden. Der Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse eines systematischen Reviews zum Zusammenhang von destruktiven Führungsformen und psychischer Beschäftigtengesundheit dar. Auf Grundlage definierter Einschlusskriterien und einer systematischen Literaturrecherche konnten 36 Primärstudien identifiziert werden. Als Indikatoren für psychische Beeinträchtigungen wurden (1) subklinische Symptome psychischer Störungen (2) Burn-out und emotionale Erschöpfung sowie (3) allgemeine Merkmale für aversiv erlebte psychische Beanspruchung erfasst (z. B. erhöhtes Stresserleben). Es ergab sich eine gepoolte Effektstärke vonr = 0,31 (CI950,26–0,37). Aufgrund der überwiegend querschnittlichen Studiendesigns, einiger Limitationen in der Erfassung destruktiver Führung sowie ermittelter Hinweise für das Vorliegen von Publikationsverzerrungen erfolgt eine methodenkritische Diskussion des gegenwärtigen Forschungsfeldes.

Praktische Relevanz:Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, destruktive Führungsformen auch in Praxisfeldern verstärkt unter einer systemischen Perspektive zu betrachten. Eine Überwindung des Leader-Zentrismus wird als wichtige Voraussetzung zur Ableitung zielgerichteter Präventionsmaßnahmen diskutiert. Dazu könnte die Etablierung von Führungskräfte-Trainings gehören, die der Entwicklung destruktiver Führungsformen vorbeugen.
High-temperature behaviour and interfacial damage of CGI: 3D numerical modelling
Authors: Cao Minghua , Baxevanakis Konstantinos P. , Silberschmidt Vadim V.
Published: June 2023

Superior mechanical and thermal properties, high wear resistance and a competitive price of compacted graphite iron (CGI) have made it an integral part of industry worldwide. In its applications in automotive engines, high-temperature environments cause thermal expansion that can result in emergence of interfacial damage in CGI. Although graphite-matrix interfacial damage is considered the main damage mechanism that can lead to total fracture of CGI, extensive research on CGI has not yet fully investigated this phenomenon at the microscale, especially under pure thermal loading. This paper focuses on the high-temperature performance of CGI and the onset of damage in graphite in thermal cycles. Three-dimensional numerical models are developed, with a single graphite inclusion embedded in a unit cell of the metallic matrix. Elastoplastic behaviour is considered for both phases in simulations. The effects of morphology and orientation of graphite inclusions on a response of an entire unit cell to thermal loading are investigated. Also, the influence of periodic and fully-fixed boundary conditions on the damage behaviour of CGI is discussed. The results can give a better understanding of the fracture mechanisms of CGI exposed to elevated temperatures.
Die Qualität von Interaktionen in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Einflussfaktoren gelingender Interaktionsgestaltung im KiTa-Alltag
Authors: Frick Eva , Lehnerer Elisa
Published: June 2023

Die Qualität von Fachkraft-Kind-Interaktionen hat einen enormen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Kinder. Um mögliche Unterschiede im Interaktionsverhalten der Fachkräfte mit verschiedenen Ausbildungsniveaus und in divergierenden Situationen festzustellen, wurde in 40 Kindergärten videografiert, jeweils eine ca. 15-minütige Freispiel- und Essenssituation und somit insgesamt rd. 1200 min mit 2086 beobachtbaren Interaktionen ausgewertet und analysiert. Dafür wurde ein niedrig inferentes Kodierverfahren mit Ereignisstichprobenplan eingesetzt sowie eine qualitative videobasierte Inhaltsanalyse durchgeführt. Unterschiede im Handeln und Kommunizieren der Fachkräfte je nach Situation und Ausbildungsniveau wurden festgestellt sowie interaktionsfördernde Strategien wie (non)verbales Zeigen von Interesse, offene Fragen, Verbalisieren von Handlungen und das Folgen kindlicher Logik identifiziert.
Interspecific interactions, human proximity, and season affect spatiotemporal structure of a Mojave Desert wetlands rodent community with a highly endangered species
Authors: López-Pérez Andrés M. , Haswell Peter , Clifford Deana L. , Foley Janet
Published: June 2023

We analyzed the influences of interspecific interactions and environmental factors on rodent community assembly in Mojave Desert wetlands that support the endangered Amargosa vole (Microtus californicus scirpensis). A total of 4927 rodents in six species were captured from 2010 to 2021 within 15 marshes, most frequently including Amargosa voles, harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), and house mice (Mus musculus), an invasive species. The structure of the community varied considerably over time and by marsh, driven mainly by reductions in harvest mice and increases in Amargosa voles and house mice between 2014 and 2017, and then reductions in Amargosa voles between 2018 and 2021. Northern marshes were dominated by voles, and southern marshes by house mice. Primary determinants of rodent capture rates were interspecific interactions, human proximity, and season. There was a significant inverse relationship between vole and house mouse captures per session, suggesting competitive exclusion. Distance to the nearest town was positively associated with the numbers of voles and negatively associated with the numbers of harvest mice, suggesting that voles may be more sensitive to human disturbance than other rodents. Amargosa voles and harvest mice had annual population cycles with peaks between July and September occurring 6–7 months after rainfall. Our results allow for valuable insight into the influences on community dynamics in desert rodents and highlight that conservation efforts that support Amargosa voles may simultaneously help control house mouse abundance and expansion.
A Connected World
Authors: Kilduff Martin , Liu Lei , Tasselli Stefano
Published: June 2023

This Element synthesizes the current state of research on organizational social networks from its early foundations to contemporary debates. It highlights the characteristics that make the social network perspective distinctive in the organizational research landscape, including its emphasis on structure and outcomes. It covers the main theoretical developments and summarizes the research design questions that organizational researchers face when collecting and analyzing network data. Then, it discusses current debates ranging from agency and structure to network volatility and personality. Finally, the Element envisages future research directions on the role of brokerage for individuals and communities, network cognition, and the importance of past ties. Overall, the Element provides an innovative angle for understanding organizational social networks, engaging in empirical network research, and nurturing further theoretical development on the role of social interactions and connectedness in modern organizations.
Interreligious Studies
Authors: Mikva Rachel
Published: June 2023

The emergence of the field of interreligious studies is emerging as a response to critical issues within our religiously plural world. Religious conflicts, large and small, continue to plague our society, as the challenges of navigating religious difference emerge in daily encounters among people who would like to get along in the public square that they fashion together. These challenges unfold within families, congregations, college campuses, workplaces, communities, media, and cyberspace. This volume offers a comprehensive introduction to interreligious studies. Providing an overview of the history, terms, and characteristics of the field, Rachel Mikva explores the ethical, philosophical, and theological foundations for pluralism. She also presents guidelines and case studies that demonstrate how interreligious understanding and solidarity can be achieved. Designed for use in undergraduate and graduate courses, the volume also will be useful to medical doctors, social workers, police officers, corporate managers, and others whose work requires multi-cultural competence.
Bias in Social Media Content Management: What Do Human Rights Have to Do with It?
Authors: Endres Dorothea , Hedler Luisa , Wodajo Kebene
Published: June 2023

In a global context where political campaigning, social movements, and public discourse increasingly take place online, questions regarding the regulation of speech by social media platforms become ever more relevant. Companies like Facebook moderate content posted by users on their platforms through a mixture of automated decision making and human moderators. In this content moderation process, human rights play an ambiguous role: those who struggle with marginalization may find a space for expression and empowerment, or face exacerbation of pre-existing bias. Focusing on the role of human rights in Meta's content management, this essay explores how the protection of speech on social media platforms disadvantages the cultural, social, and economic rights of marginalized communities. This is not to say that speech on social media platforms is devoid of emancipatory potential, but that this potential is not uniformly or equally accessible. We see the incorporation of human rights considerations into decision-making processes as an avenue for alleviating this challenge. This approach faces obstacles from the platforms’ business models, which decenters human rights concerns, and from the limitations of liberal accounts of human rights. From within and against these constraints, human rights can be mobilized as emancipatory power in an effort to decrease marginalization.
Extinction and morphospace occupation: A critical review
Authors: Polly P. David
Published: June 2023

Processes of extinction, especially selectivity, can be studied using the distribution of species in morphospace. Random extinction reduces the number of species but has little effect on the range of morphologies or ecological roles in a fauna or flora. In contrast, selective extinction culls species based on their functional relationship to the altered environment and, therefore, to their position within a morphospace. Analysis of the distribution of extinctions within morphospaces can thus help understand whether the drivers of the extinction are linked to functional traits. Current approaches include measuring changes in disparity, mean morphology, or evenness between pre- and post-extinction morphologies. Not all measurements are straightforward, however, because morphospaces may be non-metric or non-linear in ways that can mislead interpretation. Dimension-reduction techniques like principal component analysis – commonly used with highly multivariate geometric morphometric data sets – have properties that can make the center of morphospace falsely appear to be densely populated, can make selective extinctions appear randomly distributed, or can make a group of non-specialized morphologies appear to be extreme outliers. Applying fully multivariate metrics and statistical tests will prevent most misinterpretations, as will making explicit functional connections between morphology and the underlying extinction processes.
Spiral flow instability between a rotor and a stator in high-speed turbomachinery and its relation to fan noise
Authors: Suzuki Takao
Published: June 2023

Hydrodynamic instabilities in the interstage of turbomachinery and their relation to fan broadband noise are investigated over wide operating conditions. By applying compressible linear stability analysis to the velocity profiles of NASA's high-speed fan rig, source diagnostic test (SDT), three distinct unstable regimes are found: the first mode amplifies disturbances over a wide frequency range including the rotor speed. The second mode rotates much slower and develops inside the outer-wall boundary layer. The third mode spins in the opposite direction. An approach equivalent to dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) successfully extracts these modes from a database of improved delayed detached-eddy simulation (IDDES) solving the SDT geometry at approach and cut-back conditions: the extracted DMD modes generally capture the characteristics of eigenfunctions predicted by the linear stability analysis. At the approach condition, the first two unstable modes seem to interact inside the outer-wall boundary layer, while at the cut-back condition, disturbances associated with the first regime migrate away from the wall. Moreover, outer-wall pressure fluctuations of the IDDES database are Fourier decomposed in the interstage: coherent structures extracted using proper orthogonal decomposition are found to be dominated by duct acoustic modes, and they can be mapped not only to interaction tones but also to broadband noise likely associated with the interaction between disturbances in the rotor wakes and quasi-stationary structures near the outer wall. This interaction noise appears to be radiated to both inlet and exhaust with similar azimuthal-mode distributions; however, the importance relative to other noise sources decreases with the engine speed.
Banatian DeathMetals: Radiocarbon Dating of Cremation Burials of the Setting Bronze Age and Dawning Iron Age
Authors: DARÓCZI TIBOR-TAMÁS , BĂLĂRIE ANDREI , OLSEN JESPER , BIRCLIN MIROSLAV
Published: June 2023

The lack of radiocarbon measurements of funerary contexts is a major shortcoming of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age of the Eastern Carpathian Basin, especially in the Banat region. The present batch of samples tries to address these drawbacks, by detailing sampling strategies, employed pre-treatment and by providing a robust and coherent dataset of radiocarbon measurements. Implications of the new radiocarbon dates is discussed from a supra-regional perspective, while keeping aspects of typo-chronology, circulation of goods, and social nuances of employment of Bronze Age bronzes in the forefront. Ten burials were selected from four Banatian burial grounds according to the occurrence of metal finds in the funerary inventories. Beyond establishing a broad frame of absolute chronology for these sites of interment, the radiocarbon data provide reliable arguments for the precise attribution of metal discoveries. In addition, the data allow us to challenge some previously stated chronological assignments.
Social Capital, Institutional Rules, and Constitutional Amendment Rates
Authors: BLAKE WILLIAM D. , COZZA JOSEPH FRANCESCO , ARMSTRONG DAVID A. , FRIESEN AMANDA
Published: June 2023

Why are some constitutions amended more frequently than others? The literature provides few clear answers, as some scholars focus on institutional factors, whereas others emphasize amendment culture. We bridge this divide with new theoretical and empirical insights. Using data from democratic constitutions worldwide and U.S. state constitutions, we examine how social capital reduces the transaction costs imposed by amendment rules. The results indicate that constitutional rigidity decreases amendment frequency, but group membership, civic activism, and political trust can offset the effect of amendment rules. Our findings have important implications for scholars in public law, constitutional and democratic theory, and social movements.
A POLITICAL ‘HUMBUG’: DELIAN ANTIQUITIES AT SISSINGHURST CASTLE
Authors: Kierkuć-Bieliński Jerzy Jan
Published: June 2023

In 1936 the author, politician and garden designer Harold Nicolson bought four, round antique altars and a Corinthian capital from the sale of Shanganagh Castle, Co Wicklow. Nicolson and his wife, Vita Sackville-West, placed these marbles in a garden compartment at Sissinghurst that was intended to evoke the landscape and antiquities of the Cycladic island of Delos. These are among the most important antiquities in the collections of the National Trust, yet their provenance and significance has been obscured by their presumed status as ‘mere’ ornaments to the celebrated gardens at Sissinghurst Castle. This paper traces the provenance of this group of antiquities back to Delos and their discovery by a hero of the Greek War of Independence. Historic context for Vita and Harold’s use of the altars as adornments to their garden will be examined in the context of earlier use of similar Delian altars in earlier garden design – the seventeenth-century ‘garden museum’ at Arundel House, Strand, London, or the eighteenth-century gardens at Wrest Park. Finally, entry of the Sissinghurst altars into British collections will be examined through a political lens and through Nicolson’s philhellenism.
Glacial sedimentation in Northern Gondwana: insights from the Talchir formation, Manendragarh, India
Authors: Choudhuri Adrita , Mandal Sabyasachi , Bumby Adam , Pillai S. Suresh Kumar
Published: June 2023

Among the vast swathes of Gondwanan sedimentary rocks in India, exposures of the Lower Permian Talchir Formation at Manendragarh in India are exceptional for their cold marine faunal assemblage and muddy conglomerates of possible glacial origin. They may represent a record of the late Palaeozoic glaciation that affected Gondwana in the Permo-Carboniferous. Although the fossil record is relatively well documented, the sedimentology of this area is not well understood. This paper intends to fill the gap in knowledge regarding palaeogeography and the palaeoenvironmental changes within the basin through space and time. We distinguish conglomerates that are formed by glacial and mass flow processes. The lateral variation in facies associations along a NNE-SSW transect in the study area identifies the depositional basin as an interior sea that formed when the sea spilled over a steep basement ridge during a transgression. The benthic organisms remained confined to the seaward basin margin where they only flourished in the initial stage of basin filling. Locally derived, bioclastic storm beds are limited to the seaward flank of the basin. Alternating phases of glaciation and interglaciation resulted in an interbedded succession of grey shales and interglacial density flow deposits. The channels that fed these density flows are preserved closest to the landward margin of the basin. Co-existence of glacial diamictites and interglacial density flow deposits highlights the climatic changes in this part of Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic.
A quasi-cohort trend analysis of adult obesity in Colombia
Authors: Castro-Prieto Paula Andrea , Spijker Jeroen , Recaño Joaquín
Published: June 2023

In Colombia, the prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent years due to changes in dietary and nutritional patterns. While previous studies have focussed on describing obesity and its associated factors, they have mainly used a cross-sectional methodology. Accordingly, this study aims to conduct a descriptive quasi-cohort analysis to capture age-specific cohort trends in body mass index (BMI) according to sex and ethnicity (indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and the remaining population). The study utilised data from the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia (ENSIN) conducted in 2005, 2010, and 2015 that included 214,136 individuals aged 20–64 years after screening. Data on ethnicity were only available from the 2010 and 2015 surveys. Overall, the prevalence of obesity increased by 6.1 percentage points (from 15.2% to 21.3%) between 2005 and 2015 (men from 10.4% to 15.7%; women from 18.2% to 25.7%). Among Afro-Colombians, obesity rose 6.6 percentage points (from 19.4% to 26.0%), again more so in women than in men (2015: 35.2% versus 17.8%). Among indigenous people, the proportion increased by 5.3 percentage points (from 13.5% to 18.8%), with women reporting highest rates (2015: 23.7% against 12.6% in men). Age- and cohort-specific results also indicate that recent adult cohorts are experiencing sharp increases in BMI, for example, while 25–29-year-old males born in 1975–1979 had a BMI of 24.2 kg/m2, among 40–44-year-olds of the same cohort, this equalled 26.8 kg/m2. In the case of women, these age differences in BMI among the same cohort are even greater (24.4 and 28.0 kg/m2). In summary, the results of this study indicate that Colombia is still in the early stages of the obesity transition, urging the need to monitor obesity trends in Colombia from both an age and cohort perspective. To achieve this, longitudinal surveys or repeated cross-sectional surveys like the ENSIN could be utilised.
Johann August Neander's Influence on American Church Historiography: Translation and Knowledge Transfer
Authors: AUBERT ANNETTE G.
Published: June 2023

This article examines the English translations of works by Johann August Neander (the reputed father of modern church history) in order to consider his transatlantic influence. American editions of Neander's work supported the development of church historiography in nineteenth-century America, and influenced the direction of mediating theology at American academic and religious institutions. Besides identifying the agents who championed these translation efforts, the article explores how translations of church history texts supported knowledge transfer from Germany to America. Neander's books received positive attention in the translation culture of the 1830s, and he gained a reputation as a model scholar of church history.
‘They've probably had those animals for years – they are like family’: accommodating pets in care homes and their contribution to creating a sense of ‘home’
Authors: Toze Michael , Ray Mo , Fox Marie
Published: June 2023

Companion animals, or ‘pets’, are integral to many people's lives and to their sense of home. However, older people living with companion animals are vulnerable to separation from their animals when moving to a care home. Such separation is often a highly significant loss which, combined with other losses, may reinforce experiences of dislocation. Existing research draws attention to the importance of developing a sense of ‘home’ in a care home through reinforcing and preserving personal connections. However, there is a paucity of research examining the preservation of connections between older people resident in care homes and their animal/s. This study draws on thematic analysis of 29 qualitative interviews with older people living in care homes, relatives, care home staff and other relevant stakeholders. It highlights that retaining existing, often long-term, bonds with companion animals represent important continuities and connections which may contribute to positive adjustment to life in a care home and creating a sense of home. However, participants highlighted that supporting an older person to move into a care home with their companion animal may be challenged by real or perceived constraints such as use of shared space, concerns about the risks posed by animals and staff implications. While our study found examples of good practice of how shared residence between an older person and companion animal can be achieved in a care home, other examples highlighted that the time, complexity of planning and structures required to accommodate animals were prohibitive to merit a change of policy and practice. Our research concludes that more attention should be given to the older person–animal bond as an important source of continuity and connection.
Sampling and randomisation in experimental and quasi-experimental CALL studies: Issues and recommendations for design, reporting, review, and interpretation
Authors: Ballance Oliver James
Published: June 2023

The majority of research papers in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) report on primarily quantitative studies measuring the effectiveness of pedagogical interventions in relation to language learning outcomes. These studies are frequently referred to in the literature as experiments, although this designation is often incorrect because of the approach to sampling that has been used. This methodological discussion paper provides a broad overview of the current CALL literature, examining reported trends in the field that relate to experimental research and the recommendations made for improving practice. It finds that little attention is given to sampling, even in review articles. This indicates that sampling problems are widespread and that there may be limited awareness of the role of formal sampling procedures in experimental reasoning. The paper then reviews the roles of two key aspects of sampling in experiments: random selection of participants and random assignation of participants to control and experimental conditions. The corresponding differences between experimental and quasi-experimental studies are discussed, along with the implications for interpreting a study’s results. Acknowledging that genuine experimental sampling procedures will not be possible for many CALL researchers, the final section of the paper presents practical recommendations for improved design, reporting, review, and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in the field.
Leichte Sprache
Authors: Gross Sonja
Published: June 2023

Was ist Leichte(re) Sprache? Wie genau schreibt und spricht man leicht oder leichter? Dieses Buch gibt Antworten. 
Leichte Sprache ist eine besonders einfache Sprache mit kurzen Sätzen, alltagsnahen Wörtern, prägnanten Aussagen und verständlicher Darstellung. 
Studien zeigen, dass ca. ein Drittel der Erwachsenen im Alltag Mühe hat, schriftliche Informationen von Firmen, Behörden oder Medien zu verstehen. Mehr als die Hälfte der deutschen Bevölkerung hat Probleme, den Erklärungen von medizinischen und therapeutischen Fachpersonen zu folgen. Durch Leichte(re) Sprache werden gesundheitsrelevante Informationen besser verstanden und damit die Beziehungsqualität, die Patientensicherheit sowie der Therapieerfolg erhöht. Aber auch in anderen Bereichen wird Leichte(re) Sprache mit Erfolg eingesetzt, um mehr Menschen zu erreichen, Missverständnisse zu reduzieren und die Zusammenarbeit zu verbessern. 
Von Leichter(er) Sprache profitieren deshalb neben medizinischen und betreuerischen Fachpersonen auch Lehrpersonen, Eltern, Führungspersonen, Politiker*innen, Behördenmitarbeitende, Angehörige von Demenzbetroffenen und viele weitere Berufsgruppen.
 Dieses Buch gibt Ihnen einen Überblick über alles, was Sie über Leichte(re) Sprache wissen müssen: die Grundlagen, den Hintergrund sowie die Wirkweise. Außerdem erfahren Sie mehr über die bestehenden Regelwerke und lernen, wie Sie die Regeln optimal für sich und Ihre Ziele einsetzen können. Die Theorie wird mit kurzweiligen Beispielen vermittelt, und die enthaltenen Übungen, Tipps und Checklisten unterstützen Sie bei der eigenen Umsetzung.
Observed Structure of an Internal Tide Beam Over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Vic Clément , Ferron Bruno
Published: June 2023

Internal tides are key players in ocean dynamics above mid‐ocean ridges. The generation and propagation of internal tides over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) have been studied through theoretical and numerical models, as well as through moored, that is, one‐dimensional, observations. Yet, observations remain sparse and often restricted to the vertical direction. Here we report on the first two‐dimensional in situ observation of an internal tide beam sampled by a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler through a vertical section over the MAR. The beam is generated by the interaction of the barotropic tidal current with a supercritical abyssal hill that sits in the rift valley of the MAR. A vertical mode decomposition is carried out to characterize the spatio‐temporal variability of the beam. Although the modal content of the velocity field is dominated by modes 1 to 3, higher modes display localized and not persistent bursts of energy. The use of an analytical theory for linear internal waves allows us to rationalize the observed velocity field and interpret it as the superposition of modal waves generated on the hill and propagating in the same direction. The observed beam is qualitatively reconstructed as the superposition of waves of modes 2 to 6. The velocity field was sampled seven times across the same section and displayed qualitatively different patterns, unveiling the complexity of the dynamics above the MAR. A ray tracing of modal waves shows that the refraction by mesoscale currents could explain the observed variability of the tidal beam.