bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is mare milk an appropriate food for people? – a review
Authors: Pieszka Magdalena , Łuszczyński Jarosław , Zamachowska Monika , Augustyn Romana , Długosz Bogusława , Hędrzak Magdalena
Published: June 2015

The use of equid milk in human nutrition is a very interesting research topic in relation to the specific characteristics of this drink. Mare’s milk has a composition similar to human milk and is well digested, so it is a perfect alternative to cow’s milk in the feeding of children who are allergic to cow’s milk. Equid milk’s low content of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin makes it appropriate for such children. Its high concentration of lactose allows for a better growth of intestinal microflora. Mare’s milk is characterised by a high content of lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactadherin and has an inhibiting effect on the development of pathogenic bacteria. Research done so far indicates that it may be helpful in treating atopic dermatitis as well as in improving skin appearance. The high content of vitamin C in mare’s milk influences its antioxidant value. Due to its lower content of fat and cholesterol it can be used to lower cholesterol intake as well as to control cardiovascular diseases. Mare’s milk has been proved to play a role in curing Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, as well as hepatitis and chronic gastric ulcers. The qualities of mare’s milk make it appropriate for use in children’s and elderly people’s nutrition in prophylaxis and as an aid to the process of curing various diseases.
The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-CoV) – What is the Risk? A Review of Recent Studies
Authors: Józefiak Agata , Woźniak Mariusz , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M.
Published: June 2015

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) is a viral disease of the respiratory system caused by coronaviruses (CoV), which can be contagious to both animals and humans. It was first described in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and very quickly its occurrence was found in European countries. Initially, it was associated with mild changes within the respiratory system, until a new type of virus was isolated in a patient with severe pneumonia and renal failure, who died. The study showed a close relationship between the virus isolated from the patient’s cells with HKU4 and HKU5 coronaviruses, previously isolated from bats. The presence of the same virus was found in a patient from Qatar with a similar clinical image. MERS infections, despite relatively low infectivity, are characterized by high mortality (30%). It is believed that the most likely source of the virus for humans are camels. The objective of this article is to review and discuss data on the risk factors of MERS-CoV zoonotic transmission from animals to humans.
Some uncertainty principles for diamond Lie groups
Authors: Baklouti Ali , Lahyani Dhoha
Published: June 2015

So far, the uncertainty principles for solvable non-exponential Lie groups have been treated only in few cases. The first author and Kaniuth produced an analogue of Hardy's theorem for a diamond Lie group, which is a semi-direct product of ℝ
Physical activity of female children and adolescents based on step counts: meeting the recommendation and relation to BMI
Authors: Kantanista Adam , Król-Zielińska Magdalena , Borowiec Joanna , Glapa Agata , Lisowski Paweł , Bronikowski Michał
Published: June 2015

Study aim: the aim of this study was to assess the step counts of children and adolescents with different BMIs and to present the results in relation to the step count recommendation.

Material and methods: the study included data from 175 girls, aged 12–18 (45 participants from primary school, 69 participants from junior high school and 61 participants from high school). Voluntary participants were recruited from public schools in Poland. Step counts were measured using pedometers (Yamax Digi-Walker SW 701) over seven consecutive days.

Results: the recommended level of 12000 steps per day was achieved by only 14.9% of participants. The step counts performed by girls, especially at the primary school age, are currently insufficient. Participants’ achievement of the recommended step count level correlated with a lower BMI.

Conclusions: few female children and adolescents are meeting daily step recommendations, which highlights the importance of school and community-based programmes designed to increase daily activity patterns.
Differences in anthropometric, motoric and cognitive abilities between athletically trained and untrained girls
Authors: Iadreev Vladislav , Cherkashin Ilya , Vujkov Sandra , Drid Patrik
Published: June 2015

Study aim: the aim of the study was to identify differences between athletically trained and untrained subjects with respect to body composition, motor and cognitive abilities.

Materials and methods: three groups of girls aged 12 to 14 years old participated in the study: young judokas (n = 42), volleyball players (n = 54) and their untrained peers (n = 54). Variables of interest were assessed through eight motor tests, nine anthropometric variables and the RSPM.

Results: this study showed differences in some anthropometric characteristics and almost all motoric abilities between trained girls and untrained girls (p < 0.05), indicating that well-programmed activity can positively influence these characteristics and abilities. In addition, group of volleyball players presented significantly better results in cognitive abilities (p < 0.01), indicating a need for intelligence in complex sports like volleyball.

Conclusions: generally, the trained groups of athletes possessed better coordination and strength than their untrained counterparts.
An in vivo study of the best light emitting diode (LED) systems for cut chrysanthemums
Authors: Hong Yan , Huang He , Dai Silan
Published: June 2015

The cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum
×morifolium Ramat.) is one of the most recognized cut
flowers in the world. Light quality significantly affects the
development and growth of plants. To conduct an in-depth
investigation of the effects of light quality on the growth
and development of cut chrysanthemums, seedlings of
the cut chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Riqietaohong’ were
cultured under four different light emitting diode (LED)
systems: red (R), blue (B), red : blue = 2:1 (RB) and blue
: red = 2:1 (BR). A fluorescent lamp was used for control
group lighting. The Duncan multiple comparisons
analysis showed that the B light promoted stem and leaf
development of seedlings but inhibited photosynthesis.
The R light stimulated their rooting but inhibited the
accumulation of biomass. RB improved transpiration.
Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation system that
combined the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method
with the technique for order preference by similarity to
an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method indicated that the
photosynthesis index, transpiration index and biomass
index were the most important indicators for the growth
and development of cut chrysanthemums, and RB
was the best LED system for cut chrysanthemums. The
present study provides references for the lower energy
consumption and industrial annual production of cut
chrysanthemums.
Identification and Expression Analysis of
Glutamine Synthetase Genes in Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud)
Authors: Zheng Jian-Shu , Yu Chun-Ming , Chen Ping , Wang Yan-Zhou , Liu Tou-Ming , Xiong He-Ping
Published: June 2015

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a fundamental
role in nitrogen metabolism in higher plants. Three BnGS
genes have first been isolated: one gene encoding plastid
GS (BnGS2) and two encoding cytosolic GS (BnGS1-1 and
BnGS1-2) in ramie. Based on a sequence analysis and
phylogenetic study, three BnGS sequences were classified
into three distinct sub-families. The phylogenetic analysis
showed that BnGS2 and BnGS1-2 were closely related
to those of legumes, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), soybean
(Glycine max) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The BnGS
gene expression patterns revealed that each gene exhibited
similar organ specificity, but distinct transcript intensity
during different vegetative processes. The relatively
abundant expression of BnGS1-1 and BnGS2 at specific
organs during different vegetative processes indicates that
they have critical roles in nitrogen uptake and assimilation
relating to forage and growth characteristics. The BnGS1-2
mRNA levels were remarkably upregulated in the
phloem, xylem and stems during the fiber development
stage, suggesting a correlation with fiber development.
Therefore, the non-overlapping transcript intensity of
BnGS genes in different tissues regulates ramie growth
and development during different vegetative processes.
Spectropolarimetric analyses of optical single mode SU8 waveguide layers
Authors: Gut K. , Opilski Z.
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the principle of the operation of a spectropolarimetric interferometer. In a planar waveguide orthogonal modes of the TE and TM types can be excited for the entire visible light. During the propagation the difference of the phases between the modes was determined, which is the function of the length of the path of propagation, the difference of the effective refractive index (NTM-NTE) and the wavelength. At the output of this system the spectral distribution of intensity was recorded, the shape of which depends on the value of the refractive index of the cover of the waveguides
The dynamics of microturbines lubricated using unconventional agents
Authors: Kiciński J.
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the research results of the microturbines dynamics with power of a few to several hundred KW. They are combined heat and power (CHP) units (generating heat and electricity) for houses and for municipalities in the form of Autonomous Energy Regions (ARE). These are key technologies for energy sector with respect to the distributed generation and for small-scale eco-power engineering. The following examples will refer only to the several selected research projects coordinated by the IMP PAN (Institute of Fluid- Flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences) in Gdansk. The paper will focus on the dynamics of rotors and bearings lubricated by means of low boiling agents, i.e., by means of turbine working medium. Analysis of hydrodynamic instability phenomena, including the development of oil whirl and oil whip has also been carried out
Fast-decision identification algorithm of emission source pattern in database
Authors: Dudczyk J. , Kawalec A.
Published: June 2015

This article presents Fast-decision Identification Algorithm (FdIA) of Source Emission (SE) in DataBase (DB). The aim of this identification process is to define signal vector (V) in the form of distinctive features of this signal which is received in the process of its measurement. Superheterodyne ELectronic INTelligence (ELINT) receiver in the measure procedure was used. The next step in identification process is comparison vector with pattern in DB and calculation of decision function. The aim of decision function is to evaluate similarity degree between vector and pattern. Identification process mentioned above differentiates copies of radar of the same type which is a special test challenge defined as Specific Emitter Identification (SEI). The authors of this method drew up FdIA and three-stage parameterization by the implementation of three different ways of defining the degree of similarity between vector and pattern (called ’Compare procedure’). The algorithm was tested on hundreds of signal vectors coming from over a dozen copies of radars of the same type. Fast-decision Identification Algorithm which was drawn up and implemented makes it possible to create Knowledge Base which is an integral part of Expert DataBase. As a result, the amount of the ambiguity of decisions in the process of Source Emission Identification is minimized
Approximated fast estimator for the shape parameter of generalized Gaussian distribution for a small sample size
Authors: Krupiński R.
Published: June 2015

Most estimators of the shape parameter of generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) assume asymptotic case when there is available infinite number of observations, but in the real case, there is only available a set of limited size. The most popular estimator for the shape parameter, i.e., the maximum likelihood (ML) method, has a larger variance with a decreasing sample size. A very high value of variance for a very small sample size makes this estimation method very inaccurate. A new fast approximated method based on the standardized moment to overcome this limitation is introduced in the article. The relative mean square error (RMSE) was plotted for the range 0.3-3 of the shape parameter for comparison with other methods. The method does not require any root finding, any long look-up table or multi step approach, therefore it is suitable for real-time data processing
Polynomial chaos expansion method in estimating probability distribution of rotor-shaft dynamic responses
Authors: Lasota R. , Stocki R. , Tauzowski P. , Szolc T.
Published: June 2015

The main purpose of the study is an assessment of computational efficiency of selected numerical methods for estimation of vibrational response statistics of a large multi-bearing turbo-generator rotor-shaft system. The effective estimation of the probability distribution of structural responses is essential for robust design optimization and reliability analysis of such systems. The analyzed scatter of responses is caused by random residual unbalances as well as random stiffness and damping parameters of the journal bearings. A proper representation of these uncertain parameters leads to multidimensional stochastic models. Three estimation techniques are compared: Monte Carlo sampling, Latin hypercube sampling and the sparse polynomial chaos expansion method. Based on the estimated values of the first four statistical moments the probability density function of the maximal vibration amplitude is evaluated by the maximal entropy principle method. The method is inherently suited for an accurate representation of the probability density functions with an exponential behavior, which appears to be characteristic for the investigated rotor-shaft responses. Performing multiple numerical tests for a range of sample sizes it was found that the sparse polynomial chaos method provides the best balance between the accuracy and computational effectiveness in estimating the unknown probability distribution of the maximal vibration amplitude
Coherence investigations of DC voltage group standard
Authors: Musioł K. , Makowski P. , Skubis T.
Published: June 2015

A method of checking coherence of comparison results of primary DC voltage group standards is described in the paper. Usefulness of the proposed method was proved by coherence investigation of DC voltage group standard kept in the Central Military Calibration Laboratory (CWOM, Warsaw, Poland). Results obtained for the group of five Fluke DC voltage standards prove very good coherence of voltage differences results and confirmed accuracy of DC voltage unit in the CWOM at the level of 10-6
Influence of convective heat and mass conditions in MHD flow of nanofluid
Authors: Shehzad S.A. , Hayat T. , Alsaedi A.
Published: June 2015

This article aims to investigate the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of nanofluid. Convective mass condition is introduced. Analysis has been discussed in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are incorporated. The arising nonlinear problems are first converted to ordinary differential equations and then series solutions are constructed. Convergence of series solutions is examined through plots and numerical values. Results are plotted and discussed for the temperature and concentration. Numerical computations for skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are performed and analyzed. Comparison with the previous limiting case is noted in an excellent agreement
Advanced control and design methods of the auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter
Authors: Karyś S.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents several methods that enable the reduction of power loss in the auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter - ARCP. Presented methods can be divided into static and dynamic ones. The static methods are related to an appropriate design of the inverter, whereas dynamic ones to advanced control of the power transistors. A variety of design and control methods are presented together with their advantages and disadvantages. The new control method of the current in the resonant branch is described. The main benefits of the proposed extended control method and their constrains are shown
Application of quantum cascade lasers to trace gas detection
Authors: Bielecki Z. , Stacewicz T. , Wojtas J. , Mikołajczyk J.
Published: June 2015

The potential of Quantum Cascade Laser technology has been recently harnessed in industry, medicine and military to create a range of original infrared gas sensors. These sensors have opened up many new applications due to compact size, excellent sensitivity, robust construction and low power requirements. They rely on infrared absorption spectroscopy to determine identity and quantity of gases. The measurement of these gases has relied on different technologies including multi-pass spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, cavity ring down spectroscopy, and their various modifications. In this review paper some technologies are described in terms of its advantages/disadvantages in many application. The results of own works about methane, ammonia, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and carbonyl sulfide detection are presented as well
Analysis of positioning error and its impact on high frequency properties of differential signal coupler
Authors: Zmuda M. , Szczepański S. , Kozieł S.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the analysis of the effect of differential signal coupler positioning accuracy on its high frequency performance parameters for contact-less high speed chip-to-chip data transmission on PCB application. Our considerations are continuation of the previous works on differential signal coupler concept, design methodology and analysis for high speed data transmission monitoring. The theoretical analysis of possible coupler positioning innaccuracies is extended for representative design cases by simulations carried out using EM simulator. The results reported here confirm that the concept of contactless monitoring of high speed chip-to-chip data transmission in a pair of coupled microstrip lines is of practically usefulness without applying the expensive and precise positioning system
Positivity of a class of fractional descriptor continuous-time nonlinear systems
Authors: Kaczorek T.
Published: June 2015

The positivity of a class of fractional descriptor continuous-time nonlinear systems is addressed by the use of the Weierstrass- Kronecker decomposition of the pencil of linear part of nonlinear system. Sufficient conditions for the positivity are established and illustrated by an example of fractional continuous-time descriptor nonlinear systems
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of oxovanadium(IV) and cadmium(II) complexes with reduced Schiff bases derived from N,Nʹ-o-phenylenebis(salicylideneimine)
Authors: Belaid Sabrina , Benali-Baïtich Ouassini , Bouet Gilles , Landreau Anne
Published: June 2015

New oxovanadium(IV) and cadmium(II) complexes with reduced Schiff bases derived from N,Nʹ- o-phenylenebis(salicylideneimine) have been synthesized and characterized using infrared and UVvisible spectra, ESR, and thermogravimetry. The complexes were identified as [ML] · (H
Electrochemical investigation of NaOH–Na2O–Na2O2–H2O–NaH melt by EMF measurements and cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Klečka Antonín , Langová Šárka , Raška Pavel , Leško Juraj , Pěnčík Roman
Published: June 2015

Thermodynamic activity of sodium oxide and oxidation potential in NaOH-Na
Density, refractive index, and viscosity of binary systems composed of ionic liquids ([Cnmim]Cl, n = 2, 4) and three dipolar aprotic solvents at T = 288.15–318.15 K
Authors: Bai Lu , Li Shu-Ni , Zhai Quan-Guo , Jiang Yu-Cheng , Hu Man-Cheng
Published: June 2015

Thermophysical properties, such as density (ρ), refractive index (n
Gas permeation processes in biogas upgrading: A short review
Authors: Kárászová Magda , Sedláková Zuzana , Izák Pavel
Published: June 2015

Biogas upgrading is a widely studied and discussed topic. Many different technologies have been employed to obtain biomethane from biogas. Methods like water scrubbing or pressure swing adsorption are commonly used and can be declared as well established. Membrane gas permeation found its place among the biogas upgrading methods some years ago. Here, we try to summarize the progress in the implementation of gas permeation in biogas upgrading. Gas permeation has been already accepted as a commercially feasible method for CO
Monodisperse cross-linked polystyrene nanospheres by emulsifier-free miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Liang Kai , Liu Qingquan , Peng Meixuan
Published: June 2015

Cross-linked cationic polystyrene (CCPS) nanospheres with monodispersity were successfully generated by soap-free miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene with 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a water-soluble initiator. The effects of output power of the homogenizer and the concentration of the initiator and cross-linking agent on the particle size and coefficient of variation of CCPS nanospheres were systematically investigated and discussed. The weight percent of N element on the particle surface and the ζ potential were determined as different initiator concentrations were employed for the preparation of CCPS nanospheres. Furthermore, the technique of nitrogen adsorption/desorption was applied to characterize the specific surface area and the total pore volume of the CCPS nanospheres, which were generated from different amounts of divinylbenzene. Overall, the present study provides a simple route for producing cross-linked polymer nanospheres with monodispersity.
Use of Depth Measure for Multivariate Functional Data in Disease Prediction: An Application to Electrocardiograph Signals
Authors: Tarabelloni Nicholas , Ieva Francesca , Biasi Rachele , Maria Paganoni Anna
Published: June 2015

In this paper we develop statistical methods to compare two independent samples of multivariate functional data that differ in terms of covariance operators. In particular we generalize the concept of depth measure to this kind of data, exploiting the role of the covariance operators in weighting the components that define the depth. Two simulation studies are carried out to validate the robustness of the proposed methods and to test their effectiveness in some settings of interest. We present an application to Electrocardiographic (ECG) signals aimed at comparing physiological subjects and patients affected by Left Bundle Branch Block. The proposed depth measures computed on data are then used to perform a nonparametric comparison test among these two populations. They are also introduced into a generalized regression model aimed at classifying the ECG signals.
Assessing flow regime alterations in a temporary river – the River Celone case study
Authors: De Girolamo Anna Maria , Lo Porto Antonio , Pappagallo Giuseppe , Gallart Francesc
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we present an approach to evaluate the hydrological alterations of a temporary river. In these rivers, it is expected that anthropogenic pressures largely modify low-flow components of the flow regime with consequences for aquatic habitat and diversity in invertebrate species. First, by using a simple hydrological index (IARI) river segments of the Celone stream (southern Italy) whose hydrological regime is significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities have been identified. Hydrological alteration has been further classified through the analysis of two metrics: the degree (Mf) and the predictability of dry flow conditions (Sd6). Measured streamflow data were used to calculate the metrics in present conditions (impacted). Given the lack of data from pristine conditions, simulated streamflow time series were used to calculate the metrics in reference conditions. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to estimate daily natural streamflow. Hydrological alterations associated with water abstractions, point discharges and the presence of a reservoir were assessed by comparing the metrics (Mf, Sd6) before and after the impacts. The results show that the hydrological regime of the river segment located in the upper part of the basin is slightly altered, while the regime of the river segment downstream of the reservoir is heavily altered. This approach is intended for use with ecological metrics in defining the water quality status and in planning streamflow management activities.
Some geo-botanic features of the Kurile Islands
Authors: Ganzei Kirill
Published: June 2015

Results of many years research of geo-botanic of the Kurile Islands are presented in article. Vegetation spatial structure of the Kurile Islands is conditioned by complex interactions of endogenous and exogenous factors. Meridional extension for almost 1200 km determines a significant climatic differenciation within archipelago. It is resulted in changes of vertical vegetation zones in the different regions of Kurile Islands. System of hot and cold currents in the adjacent sea water is the factor of asymmetry of vegetation. Special traits of archipelago are determined by the volcanic activity
Safeguarding Creditors in the Course of Simplified Reduction of Subscribed Capital
Authors: Drnovšek Gregor
Published: June 2015

The central characteristics of simplified subscribed capital reduction are its very narrow purpose, and a weakened regime of safeguarding of creditors. The main and, frankly, only purpose of the institution is recovery. It is namely most difficult to expect from a distressed company undergoing simplified subscribed capital reduction, which is first and foremost intended for recovery, to safeguard its creditors in the same extent as in the case of ordinary reduction of subscribed capital. The article provides an analysis of the intent and purpose of simplified subscribed capital reduction and the regulations governing the safeguarding of creditors. Using a descriptive method, subject matter analysis, and comparative legal analysis of the issue, the article elaborates on why regulations governing the safeguarding of creditors are too weak with regard to the effects brought forth by this type of subscribed capital reduction and proposes appropriate supplementation and amendments to applicable legislation.
Electrical transport in titania nanoparticles embedded in conducting polymer matrix
Authors: Dey Ashis
Published: June 2015

Conducting polymer-wide band gap semiconductor nanocomposites are prepared by polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of colloidal titanium dioxide (TiO2) sol. Characterizations of nanocomposites are carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) conductivities of nanocomposites have been investigated as a function of temperature and frequency for different concentrations of polypyrrole (PPY). The temperature dependence of ac conductivity suggests that small polaron tunneling occurs in the charge transfer process. A very large dielectric constant of about 13,000 at room temperature has been observed. The interface between PPY and TiO2 plays an important role in yielding a large dielectric constant in the composite.
Other-initiated repair in Yélî Dnye: Seeing eye-to-eye in the language of Rossel Island
Authors: Levinson Stephen C.
Published: June 2015

Other-initiated repair (OIR) is the fundamental back-up system that ensures the effectiveness of human communication in its primordial niche, conversation. This article describes the interactional and linguistic patterns involved in other-initiated repair in Yélî Dnye, the Papuan language of Rossel Island, Papua New Guinea. The structure of the article is based on the conceptual set of distinctions described in Chapters 1 and 2 of the special issue, and describes the major properties of the Rossel Island system, and the ways in which OIR in this language both conforms to familiar European patterns and deviates from those patterns. Rossel Island specialities include lack of a Wh-word open class repair initiator, and a heavy reliance on visual signals that makes it possible both to initiate repair and confirm it non-verbally. But the overall system conforms to universal expectations.
Lexical selection and the evolution of language units
Authors: Hadikin Glenn
Published: June 2015

In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language development - lexical selection, and its biological equivalent - natural selection. Based on Dawkins' (1976) concept of the meme I discuss two units of language and explore their potential to be seen as linguistic replicators. The central discussion revolves around two key parts - the units that could potentially play the role of replicators in a lexical selection system and a visual representation of the model proposed. draw on work by Hoey (2005), Wray (2008) and Sinclair (1996, 1998) for the theoretical basis; Croft (2000) is highlighted as a similar framework. Finally brief examples are taken from the free online corpora provided by the corpus analysis tool Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff, Rychly, Smrz and Tugwell 2004) to ground the discussion in real world communicative situations. The examples highlight the point that different situational contexts will allow for different units to flourish based on the local social and linguistic environment. The paper also shows how a close look at the specific context and strings available to a language user at any given moment has potential to illuminate different aspects of language when compared with a more abstract approach.
“Ecumenical Recognition” in the Faith and Order Movement
Authors: Hietamäki Minna
Published: June 2015

“Full recognition” has been the expressed goal of ecumenical endeavours since the beginning of modern ecumenism. This article investigates the development of the idea of “recognition” in the ecumenical movement as represented by the Commission on Faith and Order. The text introduces a theoretical framework for investigating the idea of recognition, with special attention paid to the theological impact of the Roman Catholic Church’s official entry into the ecumenical movement after the Second Vatican Council. The article notes that the idea of recognition has received little attention as an independent concept in ecumenical theology until recently. However, the notion of recognition could function as an overall concept, bringing together various aspects of the ecumenical movement.
Discovery and development of photochromic diarylethenes
Authors: Irie Masahiro
Published: June 2015

A new family of thermally irreversible photochromic molecules, named “diarylethene,” was serendipitously discovered a quarter of a century ago. The diarylethenes undergo thermally irreversible, fatigue resistant, ultrafast and highly sensitive photochromic reactions. Many of diarylethenes can undergo photochromic reactions even in the single-crystalline phase. The outstanding photochromic performance attracts considerable attention from both scientific and technological points of view, and stimulates research from fundamental physico-chemical aspects to various applications. Here, it is reported how such thermally irreversible photochromic diarylethenes were discovered and developed.
Photosynthetic performance in Antarctic lichens with different growth forms reflect the diversity of lichenized algal adaptation to microhabitats
Authors: Cao Shunan , Zhang Jie , Zheng Hongyuan , Liu Chuanpeng , Zhou Qiming
Published: June 2015

Lichens, as typical obligate associations between lichenized fungi and their photosynthetic partners, are dominant in Antarctica. Three Antarctic lichens, Ochrolechia frigida, Umbilicaria antarctica, and Usnea aurantiacoatra with different growth forms, were sampled nearby the Great Wall Station, King George Island. Molecular data revealed that the photosynthetic algae in these three lichens were Trebouxia jamesii. The net photo− synthesis (Pn) of three individuals from these species, together with environmental factors such as light and temperature, were recorded by CO2gas exchange measurements using a CI−340 portable photosynthetic system in situ. Differences between T(leaf) (the temperature of the thalli) and T(air) (the air temperature) for these lichens were not consistent, which reflected that environment and the growth form of thalli could affect T(leaf) significantly. Strong irradiation was expected to have adverse effects on Pn of Ochrolechia frigida and Umbilicaria antarctica whose thalli spread flat; but this photoinhibition had little effect on Usnea aurantiacoatra with exuberant tufted thallus. These results indicated that photosynthetic activity in lichens was affected by the growth forms of thalli besides microhabitat factors. One species of lichenized alga could exhibit diversified types of photosynthetic behavior when it was associated with various lichenized fungi in different microhabitats. It will be helpful for understanding how lichens are able to adapt to and colonize in extreme environments.
Important Questions Of Comparative Studies In Asian Countries
Authors: Pazyura Natalia
Published: June 2015

The issue of the “identity” of comparative education as a field of study or a discipline has been discussed for decades. Yet a kind of systematic structure that provides the basic principles for a coherent exposition of the field remains open. “Comparative education” is no longer conceived as an imaginary field’s coherence but, rather in terms of distinct branches of comparative and international studies in education and their underlying issues. Such an understanding is fostered through a deepened awareness of the basic problems, and successive solutions, constitutive of the emergence and further conformations of the comparative approach in education and the social sciences. Thus, academic journal publications of the past decade to shape education policy research within an Asia-Pacific context have been analyzed. Facts of increasing research collaboration, growing policy evaluation research, and growing attention to higher education have been presented. Significant difference in research impact and diffusion between Asia-Pacific and American education policy studies has been shown. Perspectives for future research directions in education policy research in an Asia-Pacific context have been suggested.
Civic Consciousness Development Of Youth In The Context Of Educational Reforms: The US Experience
Authors: Kovalchuk Vasyl
Published: June 2015

The article analyzes the experience of patriotic education and civic consciousness of youth in the United States. The author shares his experience of training under the programme “Civic consciousness development of youth in the context of educational reforms” of the US Agency for International Development (USAID).

It has been found that the main course of civic education syllabus in the USA is the formation of political culture, legal awareness, the culture of interethnic relations, work motivation, awareness of moral values, the understanding of freedom, the culture of interethnic relations, the development of work motivation, fostering in children respect for work and realization of its role in people’s life. Civic education in US schools is performed in four ways: as a school subject; as a form of interdisciplinary activities in education; as a form of extra-curricula activities; as a way of school life which develops democratic behaviour.

The article analyzes the role of public organizations in civic education of youth and defines the lines of their activities as well as a problem of low efficiency of civic education in Ukraine caused by the following reasons: conventional perceptions that civic education does not require special attention; the lack of concurrency in civic education curriculum implementation; the lack of consistency in training and professional development of civic education teachers, in sharing positive experience, coordination of activities and monitoring.
The Analysis Of Adult Immigrants’ Learning System In Canada
Authors: Mukan Nataliya , Barabash Olena , Busko Maria
Published: June 2015

In the article the problem of adult immigrants’ learning in Canada has been studied. The main objectives of the article are defined as: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature which highlights different aspects of the research problem; analysis of the adult immigrants’ learning system in Canada; and the perspectives for creative implementation of Canadian experience in Ukraine.

Adult education and learning throughout the world have been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: fundamentals of lifelong education (O. Martirosyan), theory and practice of adult education (V. Horshkova); peculiarities of adult learning (L. Mazurenko); andragogical (M. Knowles), structural and functional, systemic approaches (N. Alboim); personality-oriented (S. Lisova); axiological (T. Brazhe) approaches; psychological, pedagogical, andragogical, sociological researches of adult education (T. Kuchay, L. Tymchuk) etc. Adult education in Canada has been studied by M. Borysova, N. Mukan, O. Ohiyenko, but the learning system of adult immigrants has not been studied yet. Among research methods we have used comparative and logical methods, induction and deduction, content analysis, prognostic method etc. The following research results have been presented: the adult immigrants’ learning has been described as a system which consists of such components as the aim and objectives, fields of study, functions, principles, legal framework, environment and stages of learning, content and operational components, monitoring and assessment. Among the perspectives of further research we can define the analysis of Canadian “Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition” system.
Comparative Analysis Of Pedagogical Technologies In The Context Of Future Agrarians’ Multicultural Education In The USA
Authors: Kravets Ruslan
Published: June 2015

In the article the comparative analysis of pedagogical technologies in the USA has been carried out in the context of future agrarians’ multicultural education. The essence of traditional and innovative pedagogical technologies and the peculiarities of their realization at higher educational establishments have been viewed. The expediency of developing the pedagogical technology of forming future agrarians’ multicultural competence has been reasoned. The classification of pedagogical technologies has been presented according to the level of application; the philosophical basis; the scientific conception of mastering the experience; the orientation on personality’s structures; the nature of modernisation of the traditional teaching system. The possibility of their determination is also considered due to the aims and tasks, the organizational forms, the dominant methods of teaching, the approaches to the personality, the category of students, the type of cognitive activity’s organization and management. The special attention is paid to two directions of the education’s development – traditional and innovative. The educational process in the American post-industrial, inform society and its attributive characteristics are substantially determined by a personality factor, and pushing off from this, the value of personality must serve as an initial moment in organizing the system of higher professional education. The practical aspects of implementing the traditional pedagogical technology, the technology of developing teaching, the programmable teaching technology, the problem-solving teaching technology, the module teaching technology, the concentrated teaching technology and the distance teaching technology are viewed.
International Relations As A Field Of Study In The Canadian System Of Higher Education
Authors: Istomina Kateryna
Published: June 2015

The research presents an attempt to investigate the current state of international relations as a field of study in the context of higher education system in Canada. It contains a general overview of the field of study, focusing predominantly on the role and function of the given academic discipline. The scientific investigation covers the issue of short historiographic review of the development of international relations as a separate academic discipline and an independent field of study at the universities of Canada since it provides better understanding of the international relations evolution as a discipline in Canadian system of higher education. It gives information on the origins of international relations discipline in Canada and first higher education establishments, which provided professional training in the international relations field. The article reviews the official normative documents in the sphere of higher education in Canada, such as Major Field of Study Classification and Classification of Instructional Programs, being theoretical basis of our analysis. The research results can be used to outline the place of international relations major among the diversity of functioning academic majors in Canada. The research also turns to the profound analysis of the information about the offered instructional programs, dedicated to professional training of international relations specialists at the universities of Canada.
Peculiarities Of Cultural Interaction In Education: The US Experience
Authors: Baybakova Olga , Sidun Larysa
Published: June 2015

Article deals with the problem of multicultural education. Ukraine, being a multicultural society, requires a new conception of the world, aimed at integrating cultures and nations, their further convergence as well as cultural enrichment. In this context the experience of many foreign countries, especially the USA, is very interesting. This country differs from average multicultural nations in a range of peculiarities, one of which is the fact that cultural interaction was not within an individual ethnos, but within immigrants–descendants of different countries, representatives of various cultures. It is underlined that the USA is the country that underwent durable trials in search for the most optimum ways to provide cultural interaction. The most modern response to the cultural diversity at the end of the 20th century in the USA became the policy of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is considered to be a democratic policy of solving the problem of cultural and social diversity in the society, which includes educational, linguistic, economic and social components and has specific mechanisms of embodiment.

The interpretation of multicultural education is proposed as that one, which facilitates the formation in a person of the readiness for activities in a modern socio-cultural environment, preservation of personal identity, aspiration for respect and understanding of other cultural and ethnical communities, the ability to live in peace and harmony with representatives of various racial, ethnic, cultural, religious groups.
3D Li Diffusion in c-LixTiS2 (x = 0.69 and 0.75): A Theoretical Study
Authors: Islam Mazharul M. , Bredow Thomas
Published: June 2015

Lithium diffusion in the spinel type cubic titanium disulphide
(c-LixTiS2, x = 0.69 and 0.75) is
investigated theoretically with periodic density-functional theory
(DFT) method. The calculated unit cell length and bond distances for
a series of LixTiS2 (0 < x < 1) compounds are in
agreement with the experimental data, with the maximum deviation of
+0.06% for the lattice parameter and −1.2% for
the bond length. In agreement with Vegard's law, the unit cell length
a is an almost linear function of x. The calculated average
intercalation potentials for the series LixTiS2
(0 < x < 1) range between 1.6 to 1.9 V which is
in the range of experimental findings. Competing pathways for
Li diffusion in c-LixTiS2
(x = 0.69 and 0.75) are investigated using the
climbing-image Nudged-Elastic-Band (cNEB) approach. Li+ ions
can migrate along the 〈100〉 and 〈110〉
directions suggesting that Li+ diffusion in
c-LixTiS2 is three-dimensional (3D). The
calculated activation energy values for the considered migration
pathways show that Li+ diffusion along the 〈100〉 directions is more preferable that that along the 〈110〉 directions.
Ordering Phenomena in Surfactant Systems: From Micellar Solutions to Gel and Crystalline Phases
Authors: Gibhardt Holger , Haramagatti Chandrashekara R. , Islamov Ahmed Kh. , Ivankov Oleksandr I. , Kuklin Alexander I. , Eckold Götz
Published: June 2015

The phase behavior of surfactant systems is investigated using
alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants with different alkyl chain
lengths (dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl- and octadecyl) as model
substances. The transitions between micellar solution, gel-phase and
crystalline phase are characterized by the combination of Raman
spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering. It is demonstrated
that in systems with small surfactant molecules the aqueous solution
crystallizes directly on cooling to form hydrated crystals while an
intermediate gel phase is observed in long chain systems. The
cross-over is found for the hexadecyl-compound where the gel phase
appears only at high concentrations.
Ikea-fying Los Angeles
Authors: Schmidt Alex
Published: June 2015

This piece examines the phenomenon of "flipping" distressed houses in Northeast Los Angeles neighborhoods such as Highland Park and Echo Park from aesthetic, economic, and cultural perspectives.
Superpowered Fans
Authors: Jenkins Henry
Published: June 2015

Each summer, the San Diego Comic-Con offers an important intersection between Hollywood and its fans. While most of the mainstream media coverage focuses on stars and celebrities or on costumes, this article places these high profile elements into a larger context, considering the many different functions which the event plays for those who attend, including as a space for industry networking, for discussions of the future of comics, for fan activism and academic analysis.
Deconstructing Mare Island
Authors: White Richard
Published: June 2015

This is a photographic essay centered on the Carquinez Straits, particularly Mare Island. Once the Carquinez Strait was a center of the California economy. In the nineteenth century it was the center of the wheat trade. In the twentieth century, it was the center of the military industrial economy. Now Vallejo is Broke Town, USA, as the New York Times put it, and Mare Island has become a place were much of the old California is turned to scrap and shipped elsewhere. It is an industrial Pompeii, but it is also an instructive and hardly hopeless place. It is in many ways diagnostic of modern California, but the diagnosis is hardly hopeless.
Honey Pies and Aquadettes
Authors: Wollan Malia
Published: June 2015

An essay review of California Is a Place, a collection of three- to ten-minute web video vignettes, by filmmakers Drea Cooper and Zackary Canepari. Their work has attracted more than three million viewers since their first videos went online in early 2010. Widely distributed across the Internet, the videos have won awards and been featured on news sites including PBS’s NewsHour, the New York Times, The Atlantic, and the Los Angeles Times. “People are craving honest stories,” Cooper says. “They want stories that are unmitigated by the television structure of dramatic moments.”
Stages of Learning
Authors: Brouillette Liane , Missakian Ilona Virginia
Published: June 2015

Music starts and the students in a San Diego classroom begin to imitate the teacher’s movements, alternately moving and freezing at the teacher’s signals—this is an innovative language lesson that also emphasizes teamwork and comprehension. The Teaching Artist Project (TAP) implements arts instruction to help improve children’s literacy and social-emotional development. Through a collaboration of the San Diego Unified School District and the University of California, Irvine, the results are a powerful indication that effective targeted assistance can help empower struggling students with language acquisition skills, providing much hope at a time when funding is limited.