bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Masyarakat Akan Deteksi Kanker Serviks di Lingkungan RW 12 Pondok Wage Indah 2 Sidoarjo
Authors: Hernanda Pratika , Wardhani Mira Kusuma , Rahmawati Febtarini , Agusaputra Harman
Published: June 2024

Pendahuluan: Kanker serviks adalah tumor ganas yang menyerang lapisan permukaan serviks, yang disebut sel epitel skuamosa, yang terletak di antara rahim dan vagina. Penting bagi wanita untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kanker serviks dan memiliki pengetahuan tentang pencegahan kanker serviks karena tingginya angka kejadian kanker serviks di Indonesia, dan masih banyak wanita yang kurang memiliki pengetahuan. Metode: Desain penelitian deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel 33 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling responden yang melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear dalam acara Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks di lingkungan RW 12 Pondok Wage Indah 2 Sidoarjo. Data akan dianalisis dengan uji kuantitas menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata usia responden adalah 48 tahun, sebanyak 47,2% responden berpendidikan tingggi (minimal D3), Sebagian besar adalah ibu rumah tangga (IRT) sebanyak 25 orang (69,4%), dan sebagian besar memiliki pengetahuan faktor risiko kanker serviks yang baik sebanyak 23 orang (63,9%), memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup/sedang sebanyak 9 orang (25%) dan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 1 orang (2.8%).
Kesimpulan: Responden yang melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear sebagian besar memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik terhadap kanker serviks.
 
Kata Kunci : Faktor Risiko Kanker Serviks, Pengetahuan, Pencegahan Kanker Serviks.
STUDI LITERATUR HUBUNGAN FAKTOR RESIKO USIA IBU HAMIL DENGAN ANGKA KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Maria Juliati , Dharmayani Ni Made Gita Gayatri
Published: June 2024

Preeklampsia adalah kondisi hipertensi yang disertai dengan proteinuria pada kehamilan dengan usia lebih dari 20 minggu, disebabkan karena adanya vasospasme serta aktivasi endotel dan menjadi penyulit dalam kondisi kehamilan yang dapat menyebabkan kematian pada ibu, janin dan neonatus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor resiko usia ibu hamil dengan angka kejadian preeklampsia, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi literatur, dilakukan dengan kegiatan pengumpulan data melalui penelusuran literatur atau kajian pustaka berbasis elektronik dengan menggunakan internet. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 jurnal yang terdiri dari 17 jurnal nasional dan 8 jurnal internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara usia ibu saat hamil dengan angka kejadian preeklampsia, dan angka kejadian cenderung meningkat pada usia <20 tahun dan >35 tahun sebagai faktor resiko. Sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan melalui kunjungan Ante Natal Care yang memadai dan teratur.
Demokrasi Pancasila dan Penerapannya dalam Negara Kesatuan Repubulik Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Rayhan  , Nida Qotrun
Published: June 2024

Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia memiliki bentuk pemerintahan Demokrasi yang khusus yaitu Demokrasi Pancasila yang mana Kedaulatan ditangan rakyat dengan diwakili oleh majelis perwakilan rakyat (MPR) yang akan bertanggung jawab kepada rakyat, berfalsafahkan kepada Pancasila dan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Hal ini mengakibatkan dalam penerapannya Pemerintah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia harus memperhatikan Pancasila yang berisikan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa; Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab; Persatuan Indonesia; Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh Hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan perwakilan; dan Keadilan Sosial bagi seluruh Rakyat Indonesia. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dengan pengambilan data melalui studi Pustaka. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah Penerapan nilai-nilai dalam kelima sila, dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa Demokrasi Pancasila benar-benar nilai yang muncul dari bangsa Indonesia dan menjadi realitas di Masyarakat, bukan dari bangsa lain yang dipaksakan untuk masuk ke realitas kehidupan bangsa Indonesia. dan Masyarakat asli ini adalah masyarakat yang sudah hidup di Nusantara selama beribu-ribu tahun yang terbagi menjadi suku-suku dan kebudayaan yang banyak.
Implementasi Rumah Literasi dalam Mengoptimalkan Hak Pendidikan Anak di Desa Ngepanrejo
Authors: Amira Atsil Abigael Wegni  , Suwandoko
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi hak pendidikan anak di Desa Ngepanrejo yang dinilai masih tertinggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi dan implementasi rumah literasi dalam mengoptimalkan pendidikan anak di Desa Ngepanrejo. Pendidikan merupakan hal mendasar yang wajib diakses oleh seluruh masyarakat demi menegakkan hak asasi manusia yaitu hak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan, maka rumusan masalah dari analisis ini adalah apa yang menjadi urgensi keberadaan rumah literasi di Desa Ngepanrejo dan bagaimana implementasi rumah literasi dapat mengoptimalkan pendidikan anak di Desa Ngepanrejo. Manfaat dari hasil analisis penataan ruang kawasan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hak pendidikan anak sudah diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan belajar anak baik secara formal maupun non formal. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris yaitu dengan pendekatan studi kasus dalam menganalisis dinamika hubungan sosial yang muncul ketika sistem norma hukum diterapkan sebagai landasan penulisan jurnal ini.
This research discusses the implementation of children's educational rights in Ngepanrejo Village, which is considered to be still lagging behind. This research aims to analyze the urgency and implementation of literacy houses in optimizing children's education in Ngepanrejo Village. Education is a fundamental thing that must be accessed by the entire community in order to uphold human rights, namely the right to education, so the problem formulation from this analysis is what is the urgency of having a literacy house in Ngepanrejo Village and how the implementation of a literacy house can optimize children's education in Ngepanrejo Village . The benefit of the results of this regional spatial planning analysis is to find out the extent to which children's educational rights have been implemented in children's learning activities, both formal and non-formal. This legal research uses an empirical juridical method, namely a case study approach in analyzing the dynamics of social relations that arise when the legal norm system is applied as the basis for writing this journal.
In-vitro efficacy of different essential oils against Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.)
Authors: Pandey Krishna Raj , Pant Awis , Gajurel Niraj
Published: June 2024

This experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of different essential oils against the in vitro growth of Sclerotium rolfsii. The experiment employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three concentrations (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) of each essential oil, including thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.), cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), juniper oil (Juniperus horizontalis L.), neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), peppermint oil (Mentha piperita L.), and an unamended control medium. This setup aimed to evaluate their efficacy against the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii. The data were analyzed using R software in R-Studio, and means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level of significance. Mycelium growth data were recorded at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours of incubation. All tested essential oils significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen compared to the control (p<0.05). After 72 hours, thyme oil at all concentrations and lemongrass oil at 1500 ppm both achieved 100% growth inhibition. In contrast, neem oil at 500 and 1000 ppm showed the lowest inhibitory effects, with rates of 27.56% and 34.62%, respectively. Lemongrass oil at 500 ppm (75.39%) showed statistical similarity to cinnamon oil at 1000 ppm (79.12%). Peppermint oil at 1500 ppm resulted in 82.73% inhibition, and cinnamon oil at 1000 ppm (75.73%) showed comparable results to peppermint oil at 1000 ppm. Thus, the study highlights the superior performance of thyme oil among the tested essential oils. These effective essential oils can potentially be used at lower concentrations to minimize potential hazards. However, further research and field trials are essential to validate these findings for practical applications.
A systematic literature review on the cluttered cross-selling and cross-buying subfield: A call to action
Authors: Eggenschwiler Matthias
Published: June 2024

The concepts of cross-selling and cross-buying have gained significant attention in marketing research and practice, deemed crucial for driving business revenue and enhancing customer lifetime value. However, the two literature streams exhibit considerable ambiguity and conceptual overlap, hindering theoretical development and practical application. This integrative review addresses this challenge by systematically examining existing research through probabilistic topic modeling, bibliometric analyses, logical partitioning, and jangle and jingle fallacies analysis. By triangulating these methodologies, we shed light on the distinctions and commonalities between cross-selling and cross-buying, offering a typology of definitions validated through interviews with industry practitioners. This paper aims to foster academic discourse and provide actionable insights for future research in cross-selling and cross-buying. The paper also provides implications for retailing and service companies on how to profit from existing customer relationships.
Integrating Conversational AI Agents for Enhanced Water Quality Analytics: Development of a Novel Data Expert System
Authors: Vald Gabriel , Sermet Muhammed , Mount Jerry , Shrestha Samrat , Samuel Dinesh Jackson , Cwiertny David , Demir Ibrahim
Published: June 2024

Despite advancements in environmental monitoring, the gap between data collection and user-friendly data interpretation remains a significant challenge, especially in the domain of water quality management. This paper introduces the Artificial Intelligence Data Expert (AI-DE), a novel data analytics system that is designed to facilitate on-demand analysis of time-series sensor data related to water quality using natural language queries. The AI-DE leverages features of ChatGPT, including Named Entity Recognition, geocoding, and sentiment analysis, to enable intuitive and natural language-based data analysis. This system transformation allows for immediate, ad-hoc querying and interpretation of environmental data, tailored to the needs of diverse user groups. Key features include chat controls that customize user interaction, a chat bypass enabling seamless integration with an integrated information system, and a data interpretation mode for detailed analysis. The AI-DE enhances user engagement and comprehension of water quality data, thereby supporting informed decisions and actions for environmental management. The AI-DE represents a step forward in increasing access to complex environmental data through conversational AI technologies.
Ensemble Kalman, Adaptive Gaussian Mixture, and Particle Flow Filters for Optimized Earthquake Forecasting
Authors: Diab-Montero Hamed Ali , Stordal Andreas S. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan , Vossepoel Femke
Published: June 2024

Probabilistic forecasts are regarded as the highest achievable goal when predicting earthquakes, but limited information on stress, strength, and governing parameters of the seismogenic sources affects their accuracy. Ensemble data-assimilation methods, such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), estimate these variables by combining physics-based models and observations.While the EnKF has demonstrated potential in perfect model experiments using earthquake simulators governed by rate-and-state friction (RSF) laws, challenges arise from the non-Gaussian distribution of state variables during seismic cycle transitions. This study investigates the Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Filter (AGMF) and the Particle Flow Filter (PFF) as alternatives for improved stress and velocity estimation in earthquake sequences compared to Gaussian-based methods like the EnKF. We test the AGMF and the PFF's performance using Lorenz 96 and Burridge-Knopoff 1D models which are, respectively, standard simplified atmospheric and earthquake models. We test these models in periodic, and aperiodic conditions, and analyze the impact of assuming Gaussian priors on the estimates of the ensemble methods. The PFF demonstrated comparable performance in chaotic scenarios, yielding lower RMSE for the estimates of the Lorenz 96 models and stronger resilience to underdispersion for the Burridge-Knopoff 1D models. This is vital given the limited and sparse historical earthquake data, underscoring the PFF's potential in enhancing earthquake forecasting. These results emphasize the need for careful data assimilation method selection in seismological modeling
Integrated enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (I-CBTE) for the treatment of severe and long-standing eating disorders (SEED). Paper 2: From chrysalis to butterfly – a detailed case study
Authors: Viljoen David , Ayton Agnes , Collins Lorna
Published: June 2024

Background: This case study examines the application of Integrated Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (I-CBTE) for a patient with severe, long-standing anorexia nervosa and multiple comorbidities, including organic hallucinosis, complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), and severe self-harm. Such complex presentations often result in patients falling between services, which can lead to high chronicity and increased mortality risk.Case Presentation: The patient developed severe anorexia nervosa and hallucinosis after a traumatic brain injury in 2000. Despite numerous hospitalisations and various psychotropic medications in the UK and France, standard treatments were ineffective for 17 years. However, Integrated Enhanced Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (I-CBTE) using a whole-team approach and intensive, personalised psychological treatment alongside nutritional rehabilitation, proved effective.Methods: This paper details the personalised application of the I-CBTE model, illustrating the process through a comprehensive case report. The model integrates multidisciplinary treatment to effectively address EDs and comorbid conditions, highlighting the adaptability and potential of I-CBTE for managing severe and long-standing cases.Outcomes: The patient achieved and maintained full remission from her eating disorder over the last 6 years, highlighting the effectiveness of the I-CBTE approach in patients with complex, long-standing eating disorder histories. Successful treatment also saved in excess of £360k just by preventing further hospitalisations and not accounting for the improvement in her quality of life. This suggests that this method can improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.Conclusion: This case study provides a detailed description of the practical application of I-CBTE for patients with severe and long-standing eating disorders with complex comorbidities, and extensive treatment histories. This offers hope for patients and a framework for clinicians to adopt a similar comprehensive treatment approach, potentially transforming the trajectory of those traditionally deemed treatment resistant. Recommendations: We advocate the broader integration of the I-CBTE model into clinical services to improve outcomes for patients with complex eating disorders, and recommend systematic training and supervision for multidisciplinary teams in this specialised therapeutic approach.
Non-suicidal self-injury as a low-effort strategy for avoiding negative affect
Authors: Roske Chloe , Musicaro Regina , Franz Peter
Published: June 2024

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is primarily performed for negative reinforcement, which may be accomplished by facilitating avoidance of negative affect. Aims: This study aimed to identify whether an aversion to cognitive effort underlies NSSI and other types of avoidance.Methods: Adults (N= 149), 52% with a history of NSSI, completed a behavioral measure of effort discounting, the preference to expend less effort despite attaining less relief from an aversive experience. Participants self-reported their past engagement in NSSI, perception of the effort required by non-NSSI affect regulation strategies, and past use of such strategies. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify a dimension of avoidant vs. engagement-oriented affect regulation strategies, and we extracted factor scores from this dimension. Results: NSSI frequency was associated with the perception that other, non-NSSI affect regulation strategies were more effortful and effort discounting was associated with the use of more avoidant coping strategies. We did not find an association between avoidant affect regulation strategy use and NSSI frequency, regardless of whether NSSI was used for affect regulation.Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary support that avoidant affect regulation strategies, including NSSI, could be driven by exaggerated effort discounting and the perception that avoidance requires less cognitive effort.
Agent-Based Behavioral Modeling of Human Associative Learning in a Complex Approach-Avoidance Conflict Task
Authors: Usée Franziska , Schmidt Sebastian , Pane-Farre Christiane , Ostwald Dirk
Published: June 2024

Despite its key role in the development, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety disorders, the detailed mechanisms of human avoidance learning remain elusive. To contribute to the understanding of avoidance learning, we here report on a novel approach-avoidance conflict task that requires participants to learn associations between complex visual stimuli and combined appetitive and aversive stimuli while actively engaging with the experimental environment. Using an agent-based behavioral modeling approach, we implemented and validated an extensive set of control, heuristic, Rescorla-Wagner learning-based, and hybrid agents. We show that a Rescorla-Wagner learning-based agent with a prior expectation bias parameter best explains the learning behavior of 50 participants. As such, our work complements current research on the computational underpinnings of approach-avoidance behavior by showing paradigm and task instruction dependencies in approach-avoidance-relevant associative learning and contributes to the overall aim of achieving a more fine-grained understanding of the etiology of anxiety disorders.
News source bias and sentiment on social media
Authors: Knutson Brian , Hsu Tiffany , Ko Michael , Tsai Jeanne
Published: June 2024

As social media becomes a key channel for news consumption and sharing, proliferating partisan and mainstream news sources must increasingly compete for users’ attention. While affective qualities of news content may promote engagement, it is not clear whether news source bias influences affective content production or virality, or whether any differences have changed over time. We analyzed the sentiment of ~30 million posts (on twitter.com) from 182 U.S. news sources that ranged from extreme left to right bias over the course of a decade (2011-2020). Biased news sources (on both left and right) produced more high arousal negative affective content than balanced sources. High arousal negative content also increased reposting for biased versus balanced sources. The combination of increased prevalence and virality for high arousal negative affective content was not evident for other types of affective content. Over a decade, the virality of high arousal negative affective content also increased, particularly in balanced news sources, and in posts about politics. Together, these findings reveal that high arousal negative affective content may promote the spread of news from biased sources, and conversely imply that sentiment analysis tools might help social media users to counteract these trends.
Orthodox Medicine's 19th Century War Against Effective Addiction Treatment
Authors: Anderson Kenneth
Published: June 2024

Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, the American Associate for the Cure of Inebriates, the only professional addiction treatment organization in the United States, waged a war to incarcerate people with addictions in asylums much like insane asylums and lobbied that those who continued to use intoxicants after treatment should be incarcerated for life. The American Associate for the Cure of Inebriates was also bitterly opposed to any pharmaceutical treatments for addictions. When a reasonably effective form of aversion therapy for alcohol addiction which utilized strychnine injections was discovered in Russia in 1886, it was ignored by the American Associate for the Cure of Inebriates, although it was widely publicized in other English language medical journals. Thus, the strychnine treatment was taken over by entrepreneurs like Dr. Leslie Keeley, who dubbed it the "Gold Cure," and who made millions of dollars while providing a reasonably effect treatment for addiction to alcohol. The movement to incarcerate inebriates in asylums proved to be a total failure, whereas the commercialized "Gold Cure" was a huge success. However, the advocates of inebriate asylums continued to wage a war against the "Gold Cure" and other pharmaceutical treatments for addiction throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. This is the story of that ideological battle.
Clinicopathological spectrum and management of sinonasal masses – A prospective observational study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Mohsina Siddique  , Debajit Sarma  , Mridusmita Gohain  , Rupanjita Sangma
Published: June 2024

Background: Sino nasal mass (SNM) is a common clinical entity in the ENT outpatient department. It affects all age groups. SNMs are mainly non-neoplastic inflammatory polyp, benign tumor, and malignant tumor, out of which inflammatory polyp is the most common entity. Radiological investigation plays a major role in SNM. Surgery is the treatment of choice in almost all cases. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the most commonly employed approach for surgery.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the current study is to analyze the clinicopathological aspects and enumerate the various management strategies of SNMs in patients attending the department of ENT in a tertiary care hospital in the upper Assam region.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in Assam Medical College between May 2022 and October 2023. During the period of this prospective observational study, 100 patients presented with SNMs.
Results: Total 100 patients were reviewed, out of which 59 patients were male and 41 females. Overall, the most common affected age group was 31–40 years. Seventy-seven cases were non-neoplastic sinonasal polyps, 16 cases were benign tumors and seven were malignant tumors. Sixty-four patients had undergone FESS, 20 patients had endoscopic sinus surgery with or without medial maxillectomy and eight patients had lateral rhinotomy. Malignant cases were managed by radiotherapy and chemoradiation mainly.
Conclusion: Sinonasal polyp is a very common entity among all SNMs. Computed tomography scan is the main diagnostic tool. FESS is the most commonly used surgical procedure with less complication.
A study on clinicoradiological correlation in patients with intrauterine contraceptive device
Authors: Divangini Yadav  , Rachna Chaurasia
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to present the spectrum of radiological findings in patients with intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). The study was conducted over a period of 14 months (June 2022–August 2023) in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, M.L.B. College, Jhansi. A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology in MLB Medical College Jhansi in 120 cases with IUCD, referred from various departments. These patients were primarily evaluated on transabdominal and transvaginal sonography (3D, 4D) (ultrasound machine-Medison sono Ace-X8, Vivid T8, and Hitachi Aloka SSDF-31), which is the first-line imaging for the evaluation of IUCD position. Out of 120 cases, in 100 cases, findings were confirmed on USG and the rest cases require further radiological modalities such as X-ray, CT scan, and MRI which were used accordingly the presenting symptoms of the patient and findings of ultrasound. As in one of our case, X-ray pelvis has shown completely inverted IUCD.
Minimum inhibitory concentration creep in Enterobacterales – A rising concern
Authors: Mondal Soumyya , Mandal Anwesha , Saha Sipra , Partha Sarathi Chakrabarty  , Das Debalina
Published: June 2024

Background: The irrational use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The phenomenon of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creeps occurs when organisms start showing raised MIC but within susceptible range giving an indication of the prevalence of rise in resistant pathogens in an area.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to observe the susceptibility pattern among uropathogens and the possibility of MIC creeps among the Escherichia coli isolates sensitive to nitrofurantoin.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata to observe the susceptibility pattern among uropathogens and the possibility of MIC creeps. We took the data from all inpatient department and outpatient department patients sent for urine culture and sensitivity from October 1st, 2022, to September 30th, 2023. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing and MIC were conducted by VITEK Compact 2. The MIC of nitrofurantoin, one of the most widely used antibiotics for lower urinary tract infections, was calculated to investigate the phenomenon of MIC creep. All the statistical analyses were carried out using the Excel spreadsheet and OpenEpi version 3.01 platform.
Results: In our study, a total of 631 urine samples were analyzed: 368 were positive with the most common isolate being E. coli (53%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (12%). Two percent of resistance was observed for fosfomycin and 8% for nitrofurantoin. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers E. coli was 127 (35%). Overall, 23/368 samples had a MIC ≥128 for nitrofurantoin. Among the ESBL producers, 13/127 had MIC ≥128 for nitrofurantoin.
Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that E. coli showed a reduced susceptibility for nitrofurantoin indicated by a creeping increase in MIC within normal range. Trends in rising MIC can be an alarming sign for using drugs such as nitrofurantoin judiciously. Antimicrobial stewardship practice should be strongly implemented in hospitals to curb rising resistance and for better prognosis of patients having infectious diseases.
Effect of highly sensitive C-reactive protein on cardiovascular risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus adults: A systematic review
Authors: Upreti Benoy , Mingma Lhamu Sherpa  , Karma Lakhi Bhutia
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health issue that affects nearly 537 million of people, with Type 2 DM (T2DM) accounting for the majority of cases. Death is frequently the result of diabetes-related complications, particularly cardiovascular illnesses, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), are linked to a greater likelihood of creating when C-reactive protein (CRP), a representative acute phase inflammation response protein, is elevated. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine how T2DM adults’ cardiovascular risk is affected by highly sensitive CRP (hsCRP). The information found through searches of digital sources such as EBSCO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The investigator separately reviewed each abstract and title in comparison to predetermined inclusion and exclusion standards. Google Scholar was used for further research. Using terms, a thorough search plan was created. The terms “hs-CRP,” “Type 2 diabetes mellitus,” and “cardiovascular disease” have been utilized. To translate the results for other databases, the original search was done in PubMed. To find additional pertinent papers, reference lists of the research included and previously released reviews were also examined. The findings state that people with DM have a higher risk of developing heart disease. Due to their elevated carbohydrate intake, unhealthy diet, and genetic disposition, Asian Indians are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and DM. Diabetes patients’ cardiovascular risk is primarily determined by insulin sensitivity, which can be assessed using the markers hsCRP and tumor necrosis factor-. Lipid profile is important in cardiovascular diseases because high blood glucose levels encourage the body’s production of cholesterol, which increases the risk of heart malfunction in obese diabetic patients.
To study the role of propranolol in infantile hemangioma: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Pokhariya BMS  , Supriya Tiwari  , Bhupesh Gogia
Published: June 2024

Background: Infantile capillary hemangiomas (IHs) are common, benign, self-limited tumors with a well-defined natural history, occurring most often on the head and neck. IHs are the most common soft-tissue tumors in infancy and occur in 5–10% of children. The main risk factors identified for IH include female sex and low birth weight. For many hemangioma patients, treatment is not required; however, there are many treatment options for IH, each with their own limitations and side effects.
Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to study the role, efficacy, and side effects of propranolol in infantile hemangioma.
Materials and Methods: Patients with infantile hemangioma at SN Medical College, Agra, in the Department of General Surgery and Pediatric Surgery with the required eligibility criteria are considered in this study from December 2021 to December 2023, in total 60 patients, prospectively randomized into three groups: Group A: Infants given propranolol only. Group B: Infants given steroids only Group C: Infants given a steroid plus propranolol.
Results: In our study, Group A taking propranolol alone 14 out of 20 (70%) responded well, Group B taking steroid alone 7 out of 20 (35%) responded well and Group C taking steroid and propranolol 16 out of 20 (80%) responded well, which shows that propranolol in a low dose (0.5–3 mg/kg/day) is an effective drug for infantile hemangioma.
Conclusion: In our study, we can conclude that propranolol is a safe, efficacious, and better drug than corticosteroid for infantile hemangioma when used in low doses, and the effects are better if started in the early phase.
Effectiveness of adjunctive ultrasound after mammography in improving breast cancer screening findings from a study in Malaysian women
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Wahid  , Azmi Nurul Alia , Pei Yun Tan  , Chen Bao Jing
Published: June 2024

Background: Breast cancer is a significant health issue affecting women worldwide, including Malaysia, where the incidence of breast cancer is increasing. Early detection of breast cancer plays a crucial role in improving treatment outcomes and reducing mortality rates.
Aims and Objectives: This study examines the impact of adjunctive breast ultrasound (BUS) on screening for Malaysian women, offering evidence to enhance future protocols and decisions in the early detection.
Materials and Methods: This study involved 5807 women aged 40 and above undergoing breast screening at Beacon Hospital from January to December 2022. Data collected included mammography and BUS results, categorized by breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) and diagnostic criteria. Suspicious cases on both modalities had histopathology examination (HPE) for confirmation. A subset of 1690 cases underwent both mammography and BUS screening and was compared to those who only had mammography using BI-RADS scores.
Results: This study revealed that the majority of mammograms, 94.69% (5499 cases), were categorized as BI-RADS category 0, 1, 2, and 3, while 5.3% (307 cases) were classified as BI-RADS 4 and 5. Among the cases that underwent ultrasound (1688 cases), 23.43% of them were categorized as BI-RADS 4–5. Using ultrasound in addition to mammography increased the number of cases (BI-RADS 4–5) by 33.48%, resulting in a total of 460 cases identified compared to 307 cases, detected by mammography alone. Significantly, 39% (74 cases) of the 190 cases with confirmed malignancies (BI-RADS 6) by HPE were initially classified as negative mammography (BI-RADS 0–3) but were later identified as BI-RADS 5 on ultrasound.
Conclusion: Ultrasound as a supplementary screening method holds the potential for boosting breast cancer detection sensitivity and reducing false negatives, thereby aiding in early detection and better treatment outcomes.
Impact of side effect management, patient outcomes, and health-care costs in atorvastatin and rosuvastatin therapy: An observational study
Authors: Gayathri Elango  , Varsha AP  , Ganga Muruga Bharathi
Published: June 2024

Background: Statins are widely prescribed for the management of hyperlipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are among the most commonly used statins, with varying impacts on lipid profiles, side effect profiles, patient adherence, and health-care costs. Understanding these differences within specific populations can inform more tailored and cost-effective treatment strategies.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in side effect management, patient outcomes, and health-care costs between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin therapies in a cohort from Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted with 100 patients at the Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, evenly split between atorvastatin (n=50) and rosuvastatin (n=50) groups. Data on demographic characteristics, side effects, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduction, medication adherence, and health-care costs were collected and analyzed.
Results: The cohort had an average age of 62 years, with a higher prevalence of males (57%). Socioeconomic analysis showed 30% from low-income, 50% from middle-income, and 20% from high-income backgrounds. Side effects were more common in the atorvastatin group (35%) compared to the rosuvastatin group (28%), with muscle pain and gastrointestinal issues being predominant. Rosuvastatin treatment resulted in higher adherence rates (90%) and more significant LDL cholesterol reduction but incurred higher annual health-care costs (INR 28,000) versus atorvastatin (INR 25,000) (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Both statins effectively reduced LDL cholesterol; however, rosuvastatin demonstrated higher patient adherence but at an increased cost. These findings underscore the need for individualized statin therapy that considers both clinical outcomes and economic constraints, particularly in settings with limited health-care resources.
The craze with semaglutide
Authors: Ruby Dhar  , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: June 2024

Semaglutide (Ozempic acid) belongs to a class of drugs called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. These medications mimic the action of a hormone called GLP-1, which helps regulate blood glucose and promotes weight loss. One role of GLP-1 is to prompt the body to produce more insulin, which reduces blood sugar (glucose). Because of this, doctors have been treating type 2 diabetes with semaglutide for more than 15 years. Higher doses of GLP-1, however, also cause anoxia by interacting with the brain regions responsible for appetite suppression. When combined with diet and exercise, it can help people who are obese or overweight lose a significant amount of weight and lower their risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. This effect of Semaglutide made it an appropriate candidate for weight loss. At present, semaglutide is only approved for weight loss under the brand name Wegovy. Public demand and craze for weight loss have prompted the usage and misusage of semaglutide. As interest and obsession with weight loss programs continue to grow, health-care professionals are forced to improvise their strategy to manage the demand. One way to meet needs is to prescribe other brands of semaglutide, such as Ozempic and Rybelsus (using a Food and Drug Administration [FDA]-approved drug for a different reason). The FDA recommends Wegovy for weight loss if you meet one of the following criteria:
The FDA guidelines for semaglutide usage only if body mass index (BMI) is 27 kg/m2 or greater along with other co-morbidities such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, or high cholesterol or a BMI >30 kg/m2. This has become so rampant that genuine users of semaglutide who need it for managing their blood sugar are finding it missing from the shelf. Overuse or improper use often comes with adverse consequences, such as hypoglycemia, confusion, dizziness, seizures, headache, and even loss of consciousness. The craze for semaglutide needs to be cautiously weighed before consumption.
Estriol - A Ovarian Hormone’s Proconvulsant Outcome on Kainic Acid Induced Seizure in Mice
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Monad University, Hapur, Utter Pradesh, India, Ahmad Aakifa
Published: June 2024

Background: The estriol which was evaluated for its effect on Kainic acid kindling model of epileptogenesis in mice followed by evaluation on kindling-induced changes in cognitive and motor functions. Material and methods: Kindling was induced on every alternate day for duration of 45 days and treatment with Kainic acid was given at dose ranging from 15 to 30 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal (i.p) and estriol was also administered at dosage of 0.005 and 0.1 mg/kg through i.p. After induction of kindling the seizure severity was recorded and further percentage incidence of animals kindled at the end of 45 days was also recorded. Spatial learning and cognitive alterations were assessed by Morris water test (MWT) while motor function was assessed by grip strength meter. Results: Estriol increased the rate of kindling in both the sexes of mice at great scale. Percentage incidence of seizures was also intensified. A noticeable decline in the grip strength, Morris water was observed following KA- kindling in pre-treated estriol groups of mice both the sexes. Conclusion: Control animals developed a seizure score of 4 after the end of 5 weeks, mice treated with estriol exhibited kindling in first two weeks only Clomiphene at dose of 0.9 mg/kg i.p. exhibited anticonvulsant effects. The study displayed that estriol has powerful proconvulsant effect.
Red Meat Intake and Risk of Leukemia: A Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Soleimani Yaser , Sadeghi Parniyan , Talebi Taheri Abdolkarim , Asadipour Fatameh , Azizi Fatemeh , Khavari Tina , Karimiyan Mobina , Halimi Aram , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza
Published: June 2024

Background: The intricate interplay of risk factors and their modifying effects on health outcomes, known as effect modification, remains a critical and complex phenomenon in epidemiological research. In this study, we rigorously explore the dimensions of effect modification, focusing on its quantification, qualitative and quantitative manifestations, and implications for both research and practice. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, we examine the challenges and opportunities in identifying and understanding these interactions among variables. Methods: This investigation adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, employing a meticulous search strategy to identify relevant studies from electronic databases. Studies exploring the association between red meat intake and the risk of leukemia are meticulously selected, with data extraction encompassing study characteristics, exposure assessment methods, outcome evaluation, and adjusted effect estimates. Results: The synthesis of the selected studies is conducted using random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effect size of red meat intake on leukemia risk. Subgroup analyses dissect potential sources of heterogeneity, accounting for variations in study design, population characteristics, and geographic location. Sensitivity analyses assess the robustness of the results, scrutinizing the influence of individual studies on the overall effect estimate. A dose-response analysis examines potential trends in the relationship between different levels of red meat consumption and leukemia risk. Conclusion: Through a systematic review and meta-analysis augmented by the GRADE assessment, this study aims to contribute rigorous evidence on the relationship between red meat intake and leukemia risk. By quantifying the effect size, exploring sources of heterogeneity, and integrating GRADE, we endeavor to offer a comprehensive evaluation that informs future research directions and underscores the potential impact on public health recommendations.
A Rare Case Report of Carcinoma Gall Bladder with Brain Metastasis in 18 Year Old Male
Authors: Mahajan Divya , Kamaraj Theepanraj
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Worldwide carcinoma gall bladder is 22nd most common cancer and 17th most common cause of death according to GLOBOCAN 2018 data. In 2018, the estimated incidence was 97,000 for men and 122,000 for women. Risk of carcinoma gall bladder from birth till 74 year is 0.26% for women and 0.25% for men. Here we are reporting a case of carcinoma gall bladder of 18 year old male who presented to us in opd with extensive brain metastasis and liver metastasis. Case presentation: This case report refers to 18 year old male presented to us with chief complaint of pain in right hypochondrium for 20 days and history of headache and vomiting since 4 days. CECT whole abdomen suggestive of a 5.9*3.9*3.2 mass arising from body of gall bladder extending into segment V of liver. CEMRI BRAIN suggestive of 3.2*3 cm lesion in left frontoparietal region of brain parenchyma. USG guided FNAC from gall bladder suggestive of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Patient was treated by whole brain RT on Co-60 by German helmet technique planned 30Gy/10#. Conclusion: This case adds to our knowledge that Gall bladder cancer is extremely rare malignancy in children. These tumors are not associated with gall stones in this age group and further studies must be done to evaluate the risk factors in younger age group.
The Influence of Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Koto Yeni , Panduragan Santhna Letchmi , Poddar Sandeep , Solehudin Solehudin , Purnama Agus , Susaldi Saldi
Published: June 2024

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a serious public health problem and requires an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence it, including anxiety and self-efficacy. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of anxiety and self-efficacy on the quality of life of coronary heart disease patients. Methods:The type of research used is correlation analysis with a cross-sectional approach. The population in the study was 70 patients with coronary heart disease at a heart hospital in Indonesia. The collection technique used total sampling, so the total sample consisted of 70 respondents. The research instrument used was the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)21, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Medical Outcomes. Study Short Form 36. Results:The results of statistical tests for each independent variable have a partial effect on the dependent variable. The significance value for the anxiety variable is 0.034, and self-efficacy is 0.001. Simultaneous test results obtained a sig value of 0.002, meaning that anxiety and self-efficacy influence the quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusions:Patients with lower levels of anxiety tend to have a better quality of life. Ahigh level of self-efficacy is positively correlated with a better quality of life in coronary heart disease patients. The results of this study can provide a basis for designing more effective clinical interventions, such as stress management programs or self-empowerment programs, to improve the quality of life of coronary heart disease patients.
Biology Textbook Grade X (2020): Analysis for the Development of Higher Order Thinking Skills among Secondary School Science Students
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Mehmood Wahid , Saleem Asif
Published: June 2024

This study explores the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTs) in secondary school students through a qualitative content analysis of a Biology textbook grade X (2020). The analysis was done using software called NVivo 12, and the book was chosen through purposeful sampling. The results showed that the textbook uses various strategies to develop critical thinking, such as practical activities, experiments, analytical questions, real-world applications, and open-ended problem-solving questions. Practical activities and experiments help students apply their theoretical understanding to actual problems. Analytical questions make students think critically by making them analyze data and explain complicated relationships between biological concepts. Real-world applications show students how scientific knowledge is used every day so they can evaluate scientific advancement more critically. Open-ended questions challenge students to use what they have learned to solve new problems and come up with unique answers.
"Navigating the E2 Visa: Blessing/Disguise for Pakistani Entrepreneurs"
Authors: Waheed Shabana , Tahir Muhammad , Jamal Muhammad Arif
Published: June 2024

In this research, we explore the dynamics of the E2 visa program for Pakistani investors, employing statistical analysis techniques such as standard deviation and mean to glean insights from our dataset of 46 individuals. Our analysis reveals nuanced findings regarding the availability, advantages, and drawbacks of the E2 visa, offering valuable perspectives on its efficacy in fostering investment ventures. Furthermore, we provide actionable suggestions, advocating for a more supportive and investor-friendly approach from the US government to facilitate the smooth operation of Pakistani businesses during their tenure. By synthesizing empirical data with policy recommendations, this study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of the E2 visa program.