bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La ventilation par embout buccal dans les maladies neuromusculaires
Authors: Chatwin Michelle , Gonçalves Miguel , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jesus , Toussaint Michel
Published: January 2021

Le document qui suit est la traduction intégrale du compte rendu établi à l’occasion du 252eatelier international ENMC consacré, du 6 ou 8 mars 2020, au « Développement de recommandations pour l’utilisation de la ventilation par embout buccal dans les maladies neuromusculaires », et publié très récemment dans la revueNeuromuscular Disorders(M. Chatwin, M. Gonçalves, J. Gonzalez-Bermejo, M. Toussaint, et al. 252ndENMC international workshop: Developing best practice guidelines for management of mouthpiece ventilation in neuromuscular disorders. March 6thto 8th2020, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Neuromuscular Disorders2020 ; 30 : 772–81.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2020.07.008).
Density operator formulation for magnetic systems: Physical and mathematical aspects
Authors: Aremua Isiaka , Hounkonnou Mahouton Norbert , Baloïtcha Ezinvi
Published: January 2021

In this work, the density operator diagonal representation in the coherent states basis, known as the Glauber–Sudarshan-P representation, is used to study harmonic oscillator quantum systems and models of spinless electrons moving in a two-dimensional noncommutative space, subject to a magnetic field background coupled with a harmonic oscillator. Relevant statistical properties such as the Q-Husimi distribution and the Wehrl entropy are investigated.
Markovian dynamics under weak periodic coupling
Authors: Szczygielski Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

We examine a completely positive and trace preserving evolution of a finite dimensional open quantum system coupled to a large environment via the periodically modulated interaction Hamiltonian. We derive a corresponding Markovian master equation under the usual assumption of weak coupling using the projection operator techniques in two opposite regimes of very small and very large modulation frequency. Special attention is granted to the case of uniformly (globally) modulated interaction, where some general results concerning the Floquet normal form of a solution and its asymptotic stability are also addressed.
Interplay between charging and roughness on two adjacent mask holes during plasma etching
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Lidan , Lv Kemin
Published: January 2021

The surface roughness of a mask surface strongly limits the perfect pattern transfer from the mask to the substrate during the plasma etching process, which results in the deformation of etched features and greatly damages the mask pattern. For the understanding and, ultimately, the control of roughness, the interplay between two adjacent mask holes with nanoscale roughness profile under charging effects was investigated based on a reliable modeling framework. This study first verified that two adjacent mask holes with same/different roughness (i.e., same/different amplitude and wavelength) as well as with various sizes can lead to obviously different distributions of electric field (E-field), etching rate, and the profile evolution. These distributions are quite unlike those of an isolated hole. This work next shows that the interaction between two holes cannot be ignored. Specifically, the E-field strength and the etching rate in the area between two holes are weaker than those in the outermost area. As a result, the profiles moved away from each other. Then, charging phenomenon on a channel hole with a common source line slit trench structure was also studied. The mechanism was systematically analyzed. This work will aid in the understanding of the physical property of the mask and might optimize the etching technology.
Raman spectroscopy for carbon nanotube applications
Authors: Jorio A. , Saito R.
Published: January 2021

The use of Raman spectroscopy for carbon nanotube applications is presented here as a tutorial review. After introducing the relevant basic aspects of Raman spectroscopy of graphene-related materials, we will discuss how to use the Raman spectral features for practical purposes of controlling and characterizing nanotube properties relevant for applied materials and devices. Advanced techniques with potential to enhance the relevance of Raman spectroscopy application in the carbon nanotube field are also presented.
Nuclear-spin conversion analysis of

ν

2 +

ν

4 combination band of crystalline methane in phase II
Authors: Sugimoto Takeru , Yamakawa Koichiro
Published: January 2021

We conducted reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy in an ultrahigh vacuum and observed the ν2 + ν4 combination band of crystalline methane in phase II, where the rotating and librating species coexist. We analyzed the time- and temperature-dependence of the spectrum due to the nuclear-spin conversion of methane to update the assignment of the rotational and librational structure of this band. The conversion analysis performed in the present work will also be applicable to the detailed assignments of overtones and other combination bands.
A PC-based control method for high-speed sorting line integrating data reading, image processing, sequence logic control, communication, and HMI
Authors: Xiong Tianzhong , Ye Wenhua
Published: January 2021

The vision-based automatic systems for in-line detection, identification, and separation are widely used in the industry, and it is difficult for such systems to achieve a simplified structure, high speed, high efficiency, and integrated coordinated control. Taking the dual-energy x-ray transmission solid waste high-speed sorting line as an example, an automatic control system was proposed, integrating data reading, image processing, sequential logic control, communication, and human–machine interface based on a personal computer with a general operating system. The hardware platform was introduced, and the design principles of operation parameters were investigated. The software was developed in C language with Microsoft Visual Studio 2012. The multi-core multi-thread technology has been utilized in which the optimized process-thread settings (OPTS), first-in first-out (FIFO) stacker, variable sharing between threads, and encoder position synchronization were employed. The whole system was experimentally verified at the line speed of 1 m/s. The results showed that the average scan cycle of sequential logic control was only 15 µs, which could fully ensure the real-time high-speed logic control and accuracy of position synchronization, OPTS improved the stability and disturbance rejection, FIFO stacker and variable sharing between threads was adapted to the realistic buffer materials, the encoder position synchronization avoided the accumulation of measurement errors, and the main operations run in parallel and coordinately and were suitable for the high-speed separation of multiple columns of irregular materials. The presented control system has the advantages of near real-time, high speed, high efficiency, low cost, easy reconstruction, and capability to manage and control integration and has a good practical application value.
Solar-active titanium-based oxide photocatalysts loaded on TiN array absorbers for enhanced broadband photocurrent generation
Authors: Shinde Satish Laxman , Ngo Hai Dang , Ngo Thien Duc , Ishii Satoshi , Nagao Tadaaki
Published: January 2021

Efficient utilization of a wide range of the solar spectrum in photoelectrochemical conversion is one of the primary requirements for photocatalyst materials. Here, we report an effective approach to combine solar-absorptive titanate-based oxide photocatalysts with titanium nitride (TiN) to demonstrate the enhanced photocurrent generation extending from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region. Pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 and Cr-doped TiO2 are, respectively, loaded on the TiN nanodisk arrays to demonstrate the photocurrent generation in opposite directions. By incorporating the TiN nanodisk arrays, the photocatalytic performance of Fe2TiO5 has increased by 26-fold in the UV region and ∼11-fold in the visible region due to the strong UV–visible light absorption, hot electron generation at the TiN nanodisk array, and their subsequent injection into the oxide. Similarly, the photocatalytic performance of Cr-TiO2 has increased by ∼18-fold in the UV region and ∼sixfold in the visible region by the hot hole transfer from TiN. This work demonstrates the effective utilization of titanium-based catalysts activated with both hot-electrons and holes from the TiN, yielding the visible-photocurrent generation and thus the improved photon management in solar photocatalysis.
Ultrafast thermal modification of strong coupling in an organic microcavity
Authors: Liu Bin , Menon Vinod M. , Sfeir Matthew Y.
Published: January 2021

There is growing interest in using strongly coupled organic microcavities to tune molecular dynamics, including the electronic and vibrational properties of molecules. However, very little attention has been paid to the utility of cavity polaritons as sensors for out-of-equilibrium phenomena, including thermal excitations. Here, we demonstrate that non-resonant infrared excitation of an organic microcavity system induces a transient response in the visible spectral range near the cavity polariton resonances. We show how these optical responses can be understood in terms of ultrafast heating of electrons in the metal cavity mirror, which modifies the effective refractive index and subsequently the strong coupling conditions. The temporal dynamics of the microcavity are strictly determined by carriers in the metal, including the cooling of electrons via electron–phonon coupling and excitation of propagating coherent acoustic modes in the lattice. We rule out multiphoton excitation processes and verify that no real polariton population exists despite their strong transient features. These results suggest the cavity polaritons to be promising as sensitive probes of non-equilibrium phenomena.
Periodic fluctuations of streamwise vortices in inertia-dominated intersecting flows
Authors: Burshtein N. , Zografos K. , Shen A. Q. , Poole R. J. , Haward S. J.
Published: January 2021

In the proximity of stagnation points, flow instabilities tend to arise at relatively low Reynolds numbers (Re). These instabilities often manifest as vortices that can evolve time-periodic patterns as Re is increased. These types of flows are well studied in cases for which the stagnation point is fixed on an obstacle and the resulting vortices are in the spanwise direction (e.g., the von Kármán vortex street). However, they are less understood in intersecting flows, where the stagnation point is not wall-attached and the resulting vortices are stretched by the flow in the streamwise direction. In this study, quantitative flow velocimetry measurements and three-dimensional numerical simulations are used to characterize two types of steady vortical flow fields in rectangular, intersecting microfluidic geometries with different aspect ratios, α, of the intersecting channels. We show that by changing α, it is possible to precisely tune the features of the steady-state vortical flow field, including the number of vortices, their relative rotation direction, nearby circulation areas, and even vortex core structure. The unique steady-state features determine the onset parameters, dynamics, and frequency of time-periodic fluctuations that develop at higher Re. Our results can be directly applied for enhancing the control over the vortical motion of transported fluids in inertial microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices. Additionally, these findings contribute to the fundamental knowledge on vortical motion with the potential to improve the control over vortex-induced vibrations on obstacles in both terrestrial and marine environments.
Revisiting Reynolds and Nusselt numbers in turbulent thermal convection
Authors: Bhattacharya Shashwat , Verma Mahendra K. , Samtaney Ravi
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we extend Grossmann and Lohse’s (GL) model [S. Grossmann and D. Lohse, “Thermal convection for large Prandtl numbers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3316 (2001)] for the predictions of Reynolds number (Re) and Nusselt number (Nu) in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection. Toward this objective, we use functional forms for the prefactors of the dissipation rates in the bulk and boundary layers. The functional forms arise due to inhibition of nonlinear interactions in the presence of walls and buoyancy compared to free turbulence, along with a deviation of the viscous boundary layer profile from Prandtl–Blasius theory. We perform 60 numerical runs on a three-dimensional unit box for a range of Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and Prandtl numbers (Pr) and determine the aforementioned functional forms using machine learning. The revised predictions are in better agreement with the past numerical and experimental results than those of the GL model, especially for extreme Prandtl numbers.
Hydrostatic pressure induced giant enhancement of entropy change as driven by structural transition in Mn0.9Fe0.2Ni0.9Ge0.93Si0.07
Authors: Samanta Tapas , Weise Bruno , Beyer Lukas , Krautz Maria
Published: January 2021

The magnetostructural transition (MST) can be tuned close to room temperature for an isostructurally alloyed (MnNiGe)1−x(Fe2Ge)x (x = 0.1) compound by partially substituting a small amount of Si for Ge (7 at. %). In this study, the effect of hydrostatic pressure (p) on MST is investigated. In comparison to purely magnetically induced phase transition, pressure initiates structural transition more abruptly, which results in an increase in the isothermal entropy change by a factor of 2 from −Δs = 25.6 (p = 0) to 45.6 J/kg K (p = 190 MPa) for a magnetic field change of 2 T. Since the direct assessment of the adiabatic temperature change, ΔTad, is difficult due to the large volume change and subsequent structural breakdown at MST, an indirect method has been employed to estimate ΔTad.
An immersed phase field fracture model for microporomechanics with Darcy–Stokes flow
Authors: Suh Hyoung Suk , Sun WaiChing
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an immersed phase field model designed to predict the fracture-induced flow due to brittle fracture in vuggy porous media. Due to the multiscale nature of pores in the vuggy porous material, crack growth may connect previously isolated pores, which leads to flow conduits. This mechanism has important implications for many applications such as disposal of carbon dioxide and radioactive materials and hydraulic fracture and mining. To understand the detailed microporomechanics that causes the fracture-induced flow, we introduce a new phase field fracture framework where the phase field is not only used as an indicator function for damage of the solid skeleton but also used as an indicator of the pore space. By coupling the Stokes equation that governs the fluid transport in the voids, cavities, and cracks and Darcy’s flow in the deformable porous media, our proposed model enables us to capture the fluid–solid interaction of the pore fluid and solid constituents during crack growth. Numerical experiments are conducted to analyze how the presence of cavities affects the accuracy of predictions based on the homogenized effective medium during crack growth.
Bidispersive thermal convection with relatively large macropores and generalized velocity and temperature boundary conditions
Authors: Challoob Huda A. , Harfash Assma Jassim , Harfash Akil J.
Published: January 2021

In a fluid-saturated bidisperse porous medium at a single temperature, the issue of thermal convection when the Darcy theory is used in the micropores, particularly the effects of slip boundary conditions on the model stability, was examined (whereas the Brinkman theory is used in the macropores). In addition, the effect of general temperature boundary conditions was also addressed. The governing equations of motion are provided, followed by the way in which the related equations of perturbation were derived. In addition, the linear instability and nonlinear stability analyses of the system were introduced, with the numerical approach used to approximate the eigenvalue system resulting from our analysis. The threshold for linear instability was proved to be the same as the one for nonlinear stability, showing that the linear theory accurately captures the mechanism of the onset of thermal convection. The numerical results for stability/instability thresholds were also introduced. The researchers assumed that this was the first time a mixed Darcy–Brinkman model had been used in bidisperse flow with slip boundary conditions.
The not-so-subtle flaws of the force balance approach to predict the departure of bubbles in boiling heat transfer
Authors: Bucci Mattia , Buongiorno Jacopo , Bucci Matteo
Published: January 2021

We present a critical evaluation of the force balance approach in predicting the departure of rapidly growing bubbles from a boiling surface. To this end, we conduct separate effect bubble growth experiments in a carefully controlled environment. We use high-speed video to quantify experimentally all the external forces acting on a growing bubble through the profile of the liquid–vapor interface. Our experimental data show that the momentum conservation equation is always rigorously satisfied, as it should, if the various forces are precisely quantified. However, based on our analysis and our observations, we come to the conclusion that force balance models cannot be either robust or accurate for the purpose of predicting bubble departure. They are not robust because the rate of change of the bubble momentum, i.e., the key quantity that force balance models aim at evaluating as the sum of the external forces, is orders of magnitude smaller than each of the force terms in the momentum conservation equation throughout the entire bubble life cycle. Thus, the slightest error on one of the external forces leads to very different predictions for bubble departure. The approach is also not accurate because the analytical expressions used to estimate the external forces are riddled with questionable assumptions (e.g., on the bubble growth rate, added mass coefficient, contact line length, and contact angle) and uncertainties that are, once again, orders of magnitude larger than the rate of change of the bubble momentum itself.
Smartphone based indoor localization using permanent magnets and artificial intelligence for pattern recognition
Authors: Fisher Elad , Ivry Amir , Alimi Roger , Weiss Eyal
Published: January 2021

Smartphone-based indoor localization methods are frequently employed for position estimation of users inside enclosures like malls, conferences, and crowded venues. Existing solutions extensively use wireless technologies, like Wi-Fi, RFID, and magnetic sensing. However, these approaches depend on the presence of active beacons and suitable mapping surveys of the deployed areas, which render them highly sensitive to the local ambient field clutters. Thus, current localization systems often underperform. We embed small-volume and large-moment magnets in pre-known locations and arrange them in specific geometric forms. Each constellation of magnets creates a super-structure pattern of supervised magnetic signatures. These signatures constitute an unambiguous magnetic environment with respect to the moving sensor carrier. The localization algorithm learns the unique patterns of the scattered magnets during training and detects them from the ongoing streaming of data during localization. Our work innovates regarding two essential features: first, instead of relying on active magnetic transmitters, we deploy passive permanent magnets that do not require a power supply. Second, we perform localization based on smartphone motion rather than on static positioning of the magnetometer. Therefore, we present a novel and unique dynamic indoor localization method combined with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for post-processing. Experimental results have demonstrated localization accuracy of 95% with a resolution of less than 1m.
Predicting long- and short-range order with restricted Boltzmann machine
Authors: Timirgazin M. A. , Arzhnikov A. K.
Published: January 2021

Generalization properties of the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) for two-dimensional Ising model are investigated. Both long-range and short-range order are examined: the first is studied for a spin lattice with ferromagnetic interaction, and the second is considered for a binary alloy on the square lattice. For each of these cases, algorithms are proposed that allow the once trained RBM to predict the order parameters for any temperature and alloy concentration.
Improved sensorless control scheme for PMSM based on high-frequency square-wave voltage injection considering non-linear change of inductance in D-Q axis
Authors: Cui Wei , Zhang Shengjie , Feng Yu
Published: January 2021

Aiming at the position sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), an improved high-frequency square wave (HFSW) signal injection scheme considering nonlinear inductance variation in d-q axis is proposed and implemented in this paper. Compared with the existing model, the modified scheme can take the dynamic variation of d-q axis inductance under different operation conditions into consideration by offsetting the resulting high-frequency incremental (HFI) current harmonic components, thus effectively suppressing the estimation error of the rotor position. The experimental results verify that the improved scheme proposed in this paper can not only improve the estimation accuracy of rotor position impaired by the non-linear variations of d-q axis inductance but also maintain the good steady-state and dynamic performance of traditional schemes.
Differences in emergence and flowering in wild, re-introduced and translocated populations of an endangered terrestrial orchid and the influences of climate and orchid mycorrhizal abundance
Authors: Janissen Brendan , French Garry , Selby-Pham Jamie , Lawrie Ann C. , Huynh Tien
Published: January 2021

Re-introduction and translocation are conservation strategies often employed to circumvent declining wild orchid populations but their efficacy as conservation strategies is widely debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of re-introduction and translocation strategies for an endangered orchid as its climate changed. Vital rates of the wild, re-introduced and translocated populations of an endangered terrestrial orchid Caladenia amoena were compared from 2008 to 2019. Emergence and flowering declined at significantly faster rates in the translocated and re-introduced populations than in the wild population. Emergence and flowering declined as mean maximum temperatures rose, whereas flowering increased with rainfall. Both emergence and flowering were positively correlated with the length of the growing period, which decreased by >33% during the study. The relevant orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) (Serendipita sp.) were more abundant in soil at the wild population than at the translocated or re-introduced populations. However, the limited soil sampling used to minimise disturbance may not have detected true fungal heterogeneity. This study suggests that translocation and re-introduction may not be effective long-term solutions for C. amoena. Reduction in above-ground growing period length was probably the over-riding influence in the decline of all populations. Greater OMF abundance in the soil may be the critical factor that renders the wild population more able to withstand the influences of climate change. Future research should consider methods to reduce the impacts of increased temperature and reduced rainfall on threatened orchid taxa.
Corrigendum to: Interdependencies between flame length and fireline intensity in predicting crown fire initiation and crown scorch height
Authors: Alexander Martin E. , Cruz Miguel G.
Published: January 2021

This state-of-knowledge review examines some of the underlying assumptions and limitations associated with the inter-relationships among four widely used descriptors of surface fire behaviour and post-fire impacts in wildland fire science and management, namely Byram's fireline intensity, flame length, stem-bark char height and crown scorch height. More specifically, the following topical areas are critically examined based on a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature: (i) estimating fireline intensity from flame length; (ii) substituting flame length for fireline intensity in Van Wagner's crown fire initiation model; (iii) the validity of linkages between the Rothermel surface fire behaviour and Van Wagner's crown scorch height models; (iv) estimating flame height from post-fire observations of stem-bark char height; and (v) estimating fireline intensity from post-fire observations of crown scorch height. There has been an overwhelming tendency within the wildland fire community to regard Byram's flame length–fireline intensity and Van Wagner's crown scorch height–fireline intensity models as universal in nature. However, research has subsequently shown that such linkages among fire behaviour and post-fire impact characteristics are in fact strongly influenced by fuelbed structure, thereby necessitating consideration of fuel complex specific-type models of such relationships.
The Mandarin ba-construction in school-age heritage speakers and their parental input
Authors: Mai Ziyin , Zhao Lucy , Yip Virginia
Published: January 2021

Recent research has identified language development in school-age heritage children as an important yet missing link
between child early bilinguals and adult heritage speakers. This study investigates the Mandarin ba-construction ([(NP1)-ba-NP2-VP])
through elicited narration among heritage Mandarin children (n = 27, aged 4–14) and their parents (n = 18)
in the UK. The results showed considerable similarities between the children and their parents in a number of key structural properties of
the ba-construction. However, the children produced the ba-construction with reduced frequency and in a “heritage variety” with a reduced
set of nominal and verbal phrases in NP2 and VP, which is not attested in a group of age-matched Mandarin speakers in Beijing.
Additionally, higher frequency of the ba-construction in the heritage children’s production is associated with greater lexical diversity,
rather than higher frequency of the ba-construction, in their parental input. We lay out positive aspects of the heritage variety of the ba-construction in sustaining the heritage language in bilingual contexts and consider the different roles of structural frequency and lexical
diversity in parental input in maintaining the heritage grammar in late childhood and adolescence.
‘I have her image of bringing me cherries as an offer’
Authors: Efthymiadou Christina , Angouri Jo
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the role of narratives as resources for enacting group membership and community building in the case of one company, a Greek-Turkish partnership, SforSteel. We pay special attention to the function of iterative stories and specifically one that indexes the origin of the partnership. The analysis shows that the story, and its episodes, act as significant interactional resources for partners to claim a shared regional identity, that of people coming from the area of Trabzon in the Black Sea region. By negotiating a common origin, the partners simultaneously strengthen their long-term relationship and continuously reconnect the past to the present. The strong long-term relationship has a symbolic status and constitutes a condition for being accepted in this community. Through the analysis of this story our discussion addresses the importance of iterativity and the foundational relationship between community and trust.
Counting the lions of Nemea
Authors: Endress Laura
Published: January 2021

The “Twelve Labours” of Hercules are among the topics most often associated with the illustrious half-god of Graeco-Roman
mythology. This series of heroic deeds includes the defeat of a monstrous lion that ravaged the countryside of Nemea in southern Greece, an
episode from the life of ancient Hercules that was handed down to medieval Europe through the works of classical authors, such as Virgil,
Ovid and Statius, and their commentators. As is often the case, this process of textual transmission gave rise to variation and multiple
interpretations: the sole Nemean lion is, in some instances, replaced by a pair of two felines or even a leonine trio, a phenomenon that can
be observed both in text and iconography. The present contribution aims to elucidate the history of a particular variational pattern
involving three Nemean lions, as seen in Raoul Lefèvre’s 15th century Recoeil des Histoires de Troyes. By tracing the
evolution of this particular version of the episode, we will consider commentaries, mythographic treatises and historiographical
compilations.
Le dragon en héraldique luso-brésilienne
Authors: Fonseca Fabio
Published: January 2021

Abstrait

Dans l’iconographie chrétienne, le dragon est généralement associé au mal et se trouve représenté vaincu par le Christ, saint Georges, d’autres saints ou des figures bibliques. Au Moyen-Âge, il figure aussi sur des chapiteaux, dans les marges des manuscrits ou dans les blasons de familles et d’ordres militaires. Le dragon, parfois, est dépourvu de son sens négatif et investi d’un sens positif. La présente étude vise à identifier l’image du dragon dans le contexte luso-brésilien entre les XVIe et XIXe siècles. Il s’agit en particulier d’examiner la relation entre le dragon comme symbole du mal et le sens qu’il prend quand il est associé au pouvoir impérial brésilien. On envisagera le déplacement entre la dévotion à saint Georges, liée à la dynastie d’Avis, et l’image du dragon dans l’héraldique de la maison et dynastie de Bragance. Les images de trois codex seront examinées: le Livro do Armeiro-Mor (Livre de l’Armurier–majeur), un manuscrit enluminé de 1509, le Livro da nobreza (Livre de la noblesse) de 1521 et le Tesouro da Nobreza (Trésor de la Noblesse) de 1675. Ces codex sont conservés à Torre do Tombo à Lisbonne. À titre de comparaison, l’étude recourt aussi à d’autres images, afin d’analyser la survie de la représentation du dragon dans les symboles royaux.
Formules d’ouverture, formules de clôture et formules de transition dans le Roman de Renart
Authors: Suomela-Härmä Elina
Published: January 2021

Abstraite

Les problèmes abordés dans cette étude concernent les débuts et les fins des branches du RdR ainsi que
les passages permettant de terminer un épisode et d’en ouvrir un autre à l’intérieur d’une seule et même branche. L’analyse se base sur
quatre éditions, dont chacune reproduit un manuscrit différent.

Une distinction sera faite entre prologue et incipit, d’une part, et explicit et épilogue, de l’autre. Dans les uns
(prologues et épilogues), le narrateur – quelqu’un qui se désigne par la 1ère ou la 3ème personne du singulier – est
bien présent; dans les autres (incipit et explicit), il brille par son absence.

Si les prologues et les épilogues sont des textes uniques, il en va autrement des incipit et des explicit qui suivent un
nombre limité de schémas. Quant aux zones de transition, elles ne sont pas dépourvues de caractéristiques propres, les copistes ne les
interprétant pas toujours de la même façon: ce que les uns prennent pour un incipit ou un explicit n’est pour les autres qu’une formule de
liaison.
Le tigre, la guivre et la monture de Bacchus
Authors: Trachsler Richard
Published: January 2021

Abstraite

Le tigre, au Moyen Âge, est un animal mal connu. Il n’est guère présent dans les ménageries avant la fin du xv
e siècle, et les bestiaires et encyclopédies mentionnent tous les mêmes caractéristiques, en particulier le stratagème qu’emploient les chasseurs pour enlever à la tigresse ses petits. Dans certains textes, encyclopédiques ou autres, le tigre est assimilé à un serpent et l’on rencontre occasionnellement, dans les bestiaires, une image d’un tigre ailé. Des images semblables se trouvent dans la tradition iconographique émanant de Pierre Bersuire, qui fait du tigre la monture de Bacchus. Il faut sans doute lier les deux phénomènes et expliquer la confusion à partir d’un serpent nommé tire, qui n’est certes, sauf erreur, pas décrit comme étant ailé, mais qui peut en tant que reptile présenter des traits d’hybridité.
Research Problems in Recommender systems
Authors: Mishra Nitin , Chaturvedi Saumya , Vij Aanchal , Tripathi Sunita
Published: January 2021

With continuous growth of web applications around the globe, it is a challenge to find the suitable information needed for the user in a limited time.Number of handheld mobile devices is increasing and most of the business revolves around the correct search of the data. Without a proper recommender system it is very difficult to get required information from the web applications. Web applications use recommender systems to provide suitable data to users based on their choices and interests. For different kinds of needs different types of recommender systems have been proposed. Two most basic types of recommender systems are collaborative filtering recommender system and content based recommender system. Sometimes these two recommender systems are combined to increase the efficiency of a recommender system The generated new recommender system is known as hybrid recommender system.

The purpose of this paper is to help readers understand the basics of recommender systems. This paper identifies key areas of research openly available for new researchers. After reading this paper new researchers can understand basic problems of recommender systems which need improvement and hence they can make those problems their area of research.
Nutrition Deficiency Detection in Leaves Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Shalini S , Muruganandham J , Jayasri R
Published: January 2021

Plants are dreadfully significant slice of our den and acts as an hefty foundation of energy. They’re the intrinsic a part of a group of baffle to mapped out the difficulty of worldwide heating. They enforce the desirable arrangement of nutrients to continue, nurture and reproduce. quite few genera of deficiency are submit in plants. Nitrogen is one among the gorgeous marble and a foremost element of amino acids that acting an important responsibility in crop invention. K-means clustering algorithm is used for segmentation which classifies substance that chains cluster of facial appearance into K figure of curriculum and within the end classification is performed by means of K-means classification. So image dispensing routine is used for business meeting deficiency on foliage untimely and accurately.
Novel method for liver cancer detection using super pixel and ANN algorithm
Authors: Sangeetha M , Dharani Priya S
Published: January 2021

Nowadays most of the people are affected by liver cancer that can be the leading cause of cancer death. To analyze the liver cancer detection using super pixel segmentation and artificial neural network (ANN) Algorithm and it reduces the time complexity. An automatic 3D segmentation method for high energy sound waves in ultrasound liver images, which is based on a fusion of accurate time-consuming method and statistical texture prior. Three orthogonal linear filter banks are used to extract texture features from each image in the region around the point of the database. The atlas database includes registered liver images from previous patients and their segmented liver surfaces. To train the problem of patient–specific frequency content in the image features from the atlas database are using ANN algorithm and then to segment the super pixel segmentation the liver image from a new patient. The dataset of liver cancer detection are benign and malign.
Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Using Edge Detection Method
Authors: Chatterjee Sayan , Suman Amit , Gaurav Rishikesh , Banerjee Sampriti , Singh Ajay Kumar , Ghosh Birendra Krishna , Mandal Rajat Kumar , Biswas Mainak , Maji Debasis
Published: January 2021

Currently eye disease is a major challenge in our life. The main diseases in human eye are Ocular Hypertension, Glaucoma, Diabetic Muscular Edema, Diabetic Retinopathy, Color Blindness, Phonetic, Blindness etc. The only way is to identify the cause and then the treatment could be stared as early as possible. To detect in 1st stage, the measurement as well as automatic tracking of the blood vessels of human eye are very essential task. The photograph of human eye is called Fundus image. To detect the eye vessels, segmentation of these vessels are the main motivation of the work. Here, a survey is being done to do the detection using various edge based segmentation procedures, i.e., Kirsch filter, Canny, Prewitt, Sobel and Fuzzy-C. The work is applied on freely available DRIVE database. The result shows that, Kirsch filter is the best among the other benchmark methods when the results are evaluated for the parameters such as, Accuracy, Specificity and Sensitivity. The outcome of Accuracy is varies from 0.77 to 0.94, Specificity varies in the range between 0.76 to 1.00 and finally Sensitivity lies between 0.20 to 0.84.
Automatic Street Light Illumination Intensity Control Using LUO Converter
Authors: Balaji B. , Priyadharshini V.G. , Revathy R.
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the control the street lighting according to the intensity of sunlight using LUO Converter. To improve the efficiency of system, IR sensor is used. IR (infrared) sensor is the device which is used to detect and measure the infrared radiation in the environment. Infrared sensor has two components in it and they are transmitter and receiver. The transmitter sends out the infrared radiation. The radiation hits out the object and returns back. The receiver in the Infrared sensor receives the infrared radiation. This received signal is used to detect and measure the object. LUO Converter is the DC-DC Converter which is used to boost up the input voltage.This system is to operate the street lighting system efficiently by using the Infrared Sensor, PIC sensor and the LUO Converter. PIC belongs to the microcontroller family which is made with the technology of Microchip. The PIC Controller is used to generate the PWM signal for the power converter. The power of the light depends on the duty cycle of the converters. In most of the converters, there is inductor coupled but this converter don’t have inductor, so that there is no channel inductance, so which high voltage with high productivity.
Swarm Robotics: A New Framework of Military Robots
Authors: Sangeetha M , Srinivasan K
Published: January 2021

In Industries robots are programmed to perform specified tasks like and place, packaging, transporting etc. Every robots need to be programmed individually to accomplish the task given. In the proposed work one master robots is designed and programmed in such a way that can train number of slave robots sequentially to perform multiple tasks at different processing lines of an industry this reduces the complexity in programming individual robots for different operations and also without programming the slave robots. This Robot plays a vital role in Industry Automation. Servomotors are used to achieve rotational motion of the robotic arm and Lora module to train slave robots. A robot is a machine that can perform task operation. A robot is a machine can perform specific task automatically or the guidance. The project proposes robotic vehicle that has an intelligent built in its that it directs itself whenever an obstacle comes in its path. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect any obstacle in front of it and sends a command to the ArduinoNano.
Steady State Heat Conduction Structural Thermal Analysis of Boiler Tubes and its Design Attributed Failure
Authors: Velmurugan V. , Dhivyaraj S.
Published: January 2021

One of the important parts of the thermal power plants are tubes carrying steam generally called as boiler tubes. Any leakages in these tubes cannot be identified easily with human senses and also boiler operating condition it is impossible to investigate these tubes or leak. In order to do inspection it require shut down of the plant involving production losses. Though we do inspection with human abilities there is possibility of occurrence of error. Frequent shut downs for inspection leads to huge production loss. In recent days boiler explosions and its impact have become regular news. The intent of this paper is to identify design related failure of the boiler tubes under the thermal loading conditions. A single boiler tube is designed and its behaviour under thermal load operating conditions has been studied with the help of Ansys R15 student release simulation software. This paper gives the detailed study of the more vulnerable regions of boiler tube in design aspect.
Multimodal Medical Image Fusion using Grey World Algorithm and Deep Learning
Authors: Vasanthi Mrs.D. , Palani Dr.U. , Soundarya Ms.S. , Sivasakthi Mrs.T.
Published: January 2021

Medical image fusion strategy assumes an undeniably basic job in numerous clinical applications by getting the corresponding data from clinical pictures with various modalities. The combination of these pictures assists doctors with giving dependable and exact clinical finding to their patients, and explores in any case outlandish medical procedures. The segmentation by ANN for these sub-pictures are utilized to get the areas of each level. So as to lessen the computational multifaceted nature, the proposed calculation is utilized to accomplish image segmentation.
Detecting LPG Leakage and Automatic Turn off using Arduino Connected with PIR Sensor
Authors: Vishnu Priya R , Kowsalya G
Published: January 2021

In today’s world, every home is provided with separate LPG connection for cooking.Nowadays, due to the advancement in technology human beings are getting upgraded day by day. In today’s world, every home is provided with separate LPG connection for cooking. It increases the efficiency and decreases the time consumed. Even though it is much better, there are certain critical conditions are to be considered whenleakage occurs. While operating with LPG, risks are considered and a reliable technique is to be adapted in the kitchen.Many techniques are available to provide constant monitoring and control of gas leakage in residencies. This paper describes one such method of utilizing LPG in home safely andautomatic turning off of the valves at the time of leakage. In this paper, I have used Arduino UNO to carry out the desired task. Arduino is connected to gas sensor (MQ-2) and temperature sensor (LM-35). Gas sensor is used to detect leakage of gas and temperature sensor is used to detecttemperature constantly. In addition to that, I have used a PIR sensor for detecting the presence of human in the kitchen. If no human is detected over a period of time, an alarm is on and automatically the valve of the LPG cylinder goes off.
Effective Design and Implementation of Three Port Hybrid Converter for Hybrid Power Sources
Authors: Soumiyaa K. , Aruna D.
Published: January 2021

With the improvement in the power electronics innovations, a bigger amount of PV panels are integrated as power energy sources into distributed power generations systems leads to the betterment of hybrid renewable energy systems. Enhancement in a renewable hybrid generation system is required because it is the future origin of power where we are expected to produce a lot of yield voltage. It tends to be finished by utilizing the plan of the converter design. In recent days, the developing method on hybrid power generation systems makes it more beneficiaries on the power systems domain. So, an integrated three port converter with combinations of PV cell/fuel cell/battery systems is proposed here. We need to effectively increase the generation to meet up with the power demand by boosting output power. To build the effective yield power by a blend of photovoltaic (PV)/Fuel cell energy unit with the assistance of the structure strategies of the three-port converter dependent on five switches connect DC-DC support converter. Along these lines, we could accomplish a superior productivity is verified with MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation results and scale down the model is developed.
Landslide Monitoring and Tracking Using IoT Sensors
Authors: Elavarasi K , Nandhini S
Published: January 2021

A slide is printed as a result of the movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a form of “mass wasting,” that denotes any earth down a slope movement of soil and rock beneath the direct influence of gravity. The causes of landslide ar property hurt, injury, and death and adversely have a sway on a spread of resources. once the landslide happens it’ll have a sway on the water availability, quantity, and quality. Thus, landslide observance is of sizeable importance in reducing the ruinous effects of landslides. The projected system of our project is to watch and track the landslide mistreatment Arduino UNO. It performs the amount analysis of the mountainous region, supported the IoT sensors that observe the landslide and apprize the parents during this region through alert message by mistreatment GPS and GSM and alert them through buzzer simply just in case of network coverage is lost.
Technology and economic analysis of urban waste potential (case study of Jatibarang landfill)
Authors: Saleh M , Sinuraya E W , Denis D , Gregorius P , Hardian E
Published: January 2021

The high volume of waste produced by both industry and society is common in almost all cities. For this reason, it is necessary to control the increase in the volume of waste and its implications for the environment. The scenario used in this research is to design a power plant that can be used to control the increase in the volume of waste, namely PLTSa (Waste Power Plant). PLTSa uses organic waste from trash to generate clean, renewable energy, powering communities, and reducing emissions. At the PLTSa, the organic waste is fed into a digester tank, where it is converted into methane by bacteria. The gas is then sent to the waste power plant, which generates 0.9 MW of power. The PLTSa supports the Indonesian government’s plan to increase electricity in the country by 35,000 MW from 2015 to 2019, and for 25% of that electricity to be generated from renewable sources. The government’s plan was in response to a shortage of electricity generation capacity as demand in the country grows. The data analysis method used to analyze the research data is an analysis using the IPCC Inventory software and the LFGcost-Web Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM). Data analysis results in the form of projections of biogas potential and electrical energy will be used to build PLTSa. Waste-to-energy generation is being increasingly looked at as a potential energy diversification strategy, especially in Indonesia and PLTSa (Waste Power Plants) in several cities in Indonesia.
Region of springs utilization in Cicurug Village, Majalengka, Sub-District, Majalengka District, West Java
Authors: Amelia Y , Kusratmoko E , Saraswati R
Published: January 2021

Springs is one of the primary sources of clean water used to fulfil domestic water needs in Cicurug village. Its residents have widely used the springs in Cicurug village, but the spring management is simplistic. Thus, utilization of water resources management practices in Cicurug village should be further developed. This study analyses the spatial pattern of springs utilization based on the potential area, the actual utilization area, and the comparison between the potential and actual utilization areas. The results of this study indicate the springs in Cicurug village are located between the altitude of 165-346 m above the sea level and discharge of 0,158 l/s to 1,935 l/s. The springs utilization’s potential areas are located between 135 and 300 m above sea level. The actual area of utilization springs in Cicurug village includes the land use types in villages located between 164 and 275 m above sea level. Comparing the potential areas of utilization of springs with the actual areas shows that the utilized area exceeds the potential areas. There is an actual area of springs utilization that is narrower than potential areas.