bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining awareness of heritage in Greek traditional settlements
Authors: Katapidi Ioanna
Published: April 2015

In view of more democratic and participatory approaches to heritage, in general, and to urban heritage in more particular, research on people's perceptions of heritage is crucial in understanding what constitutes heritage and for whom. This paper examines awareness of heritage in the context of traditional settlements in central Greece. Focusing on experts' and residents' perceptions in six settlements, this paper examines whether people are aware of heritage and asks of what they are particularly aware. The research reveals similarities and differences among different groups of people, indicating the pluralistic views on heritage and the need to take them into consideration when shaping conservation policies. The paper goes beyond the nature of similarities and differences, bringing to the surface the factors that may affect awareness of heritage, indicating that these are not fixed, but that they may lie both internally and externally to the individual aspects and his/her relationship with heritage.
Oriol Vaz-Romero Trueba, El Artista y el Juguete. Viajes al Imaginario Occidental, desde la Antigüedad al Romanticismo
Authors: Manson Michel
Published: April 2015

Recensión de la tesis de Oriol Vaz-Romero Trueba, El Artista y el Juguete. Viajes al imaginario occidental, desde la Antigüedad al Romanticismo
José Luis Guerin; Descubriendo una Sintaxis Posible
Authors: Martínez Villegas Juan
Published: April 2015

José Luis Guerin ha denominado su trabajo como cine esbozado. Desde esta definición abierta, se sugieren las posibles conexiones de lenguaje entre la imagen esbozada en dos de sus films; Unas Fotos en la Ciudad de Silvia (2007) y Guest (2010) y la narrativa fragmentada, que experimenta en sus dos instalaciones audiovisuales hasta la fecha;  Las mujeres que no conocemos (2007) y La Dama de Corinto (2011). Analizamos y contrastamos con el director la entidad de su imagen poética, en relación con su incursión en el arte contemporáneo, contextualizando su búsqueda de otra sintaxis posible, dentro de las prácticas artísticas de aquellos autores que trabajan en los espacios de confluencia entre el cine y otras artes.
Circular Graphic Scores: Between Time and Space
Authors: Buj Corral Marina
Published: April 2015

Situadas entre categorías artísticas, las partituras gráficas hacen uso de elementos del lenguaje visual para representar los sonidos. Desde el origen de la notación gráfica a mediados del siglo XX, las partituras gráficas circulares ocupan un importante lugar entre las creaciones de los compositores. Pese a ello, existe una falta de estudios específicos sobre el tema. El presente artículo pretende aportar claves para la comprensión de las partituras gráficas circulares, así como ofrecer elementos conceptuales que ayuden a entender “cómo suena el círculo”. A través de un estudio comparativo entre la forma gráfica circular y su interpretación musical en algunas de las obras circulares más relevantes de las últimas décadas, se ha comprobado que, frecuentemente, la notación circular corresponde a estructuras musicales de carácter cíclico y repetitivo. Por otra parte, las partituras circulares permiten incorporar elementos de apertura en la interpretación, tales como la duración de la obra, la elección del sentido de lectura o del punto de comienzo. Las partituras gráficas circulares favorecen el análisis de la estructura musical de la pieza y aportan flexibilidad a la interpretación. Además, en ellas se hace evidente el carácter espacial, y no sólo temporal, de la música.
"Adventure Series" de Tracey Moffatt y el "TV star"
Authors: Caro Cabrera María
Published: April 2015

Esta investigación se realiza en torno a la obra de Tracey Moffatt, Adventure Series (2004) y a los vínculos estructurales, conceptuales y estéticos que le unen al serial televisivo. Deducimos de sus conexiones tres principios básicos: primero, que la secuenciación de sus imágenes aporta una dimensión temporal, episódica, al argumento que de ellas se supone;  segundo, que el protagonista de ambas obras –del serial y de Adventure Series- es un prototipo que se mantiene claro, sin las distorsiones que pudiera acarrearle el acontecer; y tercero, que este tipo sostiene, junto a la estructura serial, la redundancia y la anticipación, tanto el relato de la obra como el discurso estético y plástico que de esta obra se desprende.
NEW TYPOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF SANATORIUM FACILITIES
Authors: ZOBOVA Marina Gennad'evna
Published: April 2015

In the article the existing typology of sanatoriums is considered. Its main social and economic, urban, functional and planning, compositional problems are represented. A new typology of sanatoriums in order to optimize the architectural and urban parameters, to improve social attractiveness and economic eff ectiveness is off ered. The new typology of sanatoriums includes two types: an integrated and a basic sanatorium. The integrated sanatorium is a multi-specialized or specialized sanatorium for diff erent age groups as part of a multifunctional medical complex. The basic sanatorium is a multi-specialized or specialized sanatorium for diff erent age groups, based on local balneoresources and modern spa concepts.
Mário Laranjeira, retradutor de Prévet
Authors: Faleiros Álvaro Silveira
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Em 1993, Mário Laranjeira publica um importante estudo em que inclui a retradução crítica de dois poemas de Jacques Prévert, feitas alguns anos antes por Silviano Santiago. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o que está implicado em tais escolhas culturalmente marcadas.Palavras-chave: Mário Laranjeira; Jacques Prévert; Silviano Santiago; interpretantes culturais; retradução.Résumé: En 1993, Mário Laranjeira publie une importante étude où se trouve une retraduction critique de deux poèmes de Jacques Prévert, entreprise para Silviano Santiago. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les enjeux de ses choix, culturellement marqués.Mots-clés: Mário Laranjeira; Jacques Prévert; Silviano Santiago; interprétants culturels, retraduction.Keywords: Mário Laranjeira; Jacques Prévert; Silviano Santiago; cultural interpretants; retranslation.
A importância do espaço na constituição do gênero em «O Primo Bazílio» de Eça de Queiroz
Authors: Souza Sandra I.
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Este estudo procura ser uma contribuição para a análise do género da obra daquele que é considerado a figura mais relevante do romance português do século XIX, Eça de Queiroz. Tendo em vista o crescente desenvolvimento no âmbito da teoria sobre o espaço, este trabalho procura desmantelar, através da mesma, a ideologia de género que subjaz a O Primo Bazilio. Uma análise das restrições espaciais que circunscrevem as personagens femininas tem o potencial de sublinhar a impermeabilidade das fronteiras de género e as suas possíveis transgressões. Procura-se contribuir para uma reavaliação da construção do género na obra, construção esta que não é de forma nenhuma independente da visão que o autor tinha da sociedade da sua época.Palavras-chave: Relações espaciais; gênero; transgressão; espaços proibidos.Resumen: Este estudio busca ser una contribución para el análisis del género de la obra de aquel que se considera la figura más relevante de la novela portuguesa del siglo XIX, Eça de Queiroz. Teniendo en cuenta el desarollo de la teoría sobre el espacio, este trabajo busca desmontar, por medio de la misma, la ideología de género presente en O Primo Bazilio. Un análisis de las restricciones espaciales que circunscribe los personajes femeninos tiene el potencial de subrayar la impermeabilidad de las fronteras de género y sus posibles transgresiones. Se busca contribuir para una evaluación de la construcción del género en la obra, una vez que se trata de una construcción que de ninguna manera es independiente de la visión que el autor tenía de la sociedad de la época.Palabras-clave: Relaciones espaciales; género; transgresión; espacios proibidos.Keywords: Spatial relations; gender; transgression; forbidden places.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO DE VACAS LEITEIRAS UTILIZANDO A MINERAÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: PERISSINOTTO MAURÍCIO , MOURA DANIELLA J. DE
Published: April 2015

Vários estudos já demostraram que o desempenho animal é influenciado pelo ambientetérmico e que a intensidade com que isso ocorre é função da região e dos animais comque se está trabalhando, o que fez surgir vários relatos sobre os limites do Índice deTemperatura e Umidade (ITU). Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi modelar e avaliaro impacto do estresse térmico pelo uso da Mineração de Dados meteorológicos(temperatura e umidade relativa do ar) e de um conjunto de classes oriundas da integraçãoda base de regras dos dados fisiológicos (temperatura retal e freqüência respiratória) eassim determinar os intervalos críticos do ITU. O banco de dados foi formado no municípiode São Pedro - SP. Para isso foi utilizado o programa computacional WEKA ®, versão 3-4, que executou tarefa de classificação, utilizando o algoritmo J48 em validação cruzadapara a construção da árvore de decisão. Os resultados obtidos por intermédio da Mineraçãode Dados meteorológicos e fisiológicos permitiram adaptar o ITU em função da região edos animais utilizados. A Mineração de Dados também permitiu estabelecer algunsparâmetros ideais de conforto aos animais para as condições de estudo. Observou-seque valores do ITU por volta de 77 proporcionam condição de conforto para os animaisconfinados e quando o ITU atinge valores acima de 80 a situação é de estresse térmicoalto.
QUALIDADE DE PASTAS DE CEBOLA
Authors: PRATI PATRÍCIA , BERBARI SHIRLEY A.GARCIA , MOURA SILVIA C. S. ROLIM DE
Published: April 2015

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de conservação sobre a qualidade de pasta de cebola armazenada à temperatura ambiente (25ºC). Foram testados três métodos de conservação do produto envasado em vidros: branqueamento da pasta após trituração, seguido de enchimento à quente (BD); branqueamento da matéria-prima antes da trituração, seguido de exaustão e pasteurização (BA); e, branqueamento da matéria-prima antes da trituração, adição de conservante químico e envase a frio em embalagens de vidro (CV) e potes plásticos (CP). Os produtos processados foram estocados por 90 dias, sendo avaliados no tempo zero e a cada 30 dias através de análises objetivas de cor e análise sensorial dos atributos aparência, cor, odor e sabor. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente através do teste de médias (Tukey) e Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Em relação à avaliação objetiva de cor, todas as amostras apre-sentaram escurecimento durante o tempo de estocagem. As avaliações sensoriais revelaram que apenas o atributo odor sofreu queda significativa no decorrer do armazenamento das amostras CV e BA. Os demais atributos não apresentaram alterações significativas durante o tempo de avaliação. As amostras tratadas quimicamente apresentaram melhor aparência e cor, que são fatores importantes para o consumidor.
DENSIDADE DE POLPAS DE FRUTAS TROPICAIS: BANCO DE DADOS E DETERMINAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL.
Authors: MATTOS JULIANA S. , MEDEROS BÁRBARA J. T.
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo agrupar em um único banco de dados, valores da densidade depolpas de frutas, dispersos em diversas fontes bibliográficas, catalogando-os pelo método utilizado,faixa de temperatura, equações, erro obtido, dentre outras informações. Após a elaboração dobanco, constatou-se a falta de dados desta propriedade para frutas nacionais, motivando adeterminação experimental da densidade pelo método do Picnômetro de polpas de maracujá,tangerina poncã, graviola, caju e acerola. Os valores experimentais, à temperatura de 30ºC,variaram de 1.038,0 kg m-3, para acerola, até 1.076,0 kg m-3, para graviola, numa faixa de 10 e 18ºBrix, respectivamente, observando-se a tendência do aumento da densidade em função do teorde sólidos solúveis. Foi obtida uma equação, para o cálculo da densidade, em função do teor desólidos solúveis, para as polpas de frutas, na faixa de 10,0 a 18,0º Brix, com coeficiente decorrelação de 0,91. Os modelos de predição encontrados na literatura forneceram ajustesadequados quando comparados aos valores obtidos por experimentação, com erro médio máximoem torno de 1,7%.
EFEITO DA ESCARIFICAÇÃO NA RESISTÊNCIA À PENETRAÇÃO DE UM SOLO SOB PASTAGEM
Authors: COLET MARCELO JOSÉ , SVERZUT CLÁUDIO BIANOR , NETO PEDRO HENRIQUE WEIRICH
Published: April 2015

A compactação do solo pode ser considerada uma das principais causas de degradação depastagens. Dentre várias técnicas de mobilização do solo para rompimento de camadascompactadas, a escarificação apresenta aspectos positivos para um manejo conservacionista.O dimensionamento da compactação do solo é bastante subjetivo, sendo a resistência do solo àpenetração uma das técnicas mais práticas. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as alteraçõesocorridas na resistência à penetração de um solo sob pastagem mediante sua escarificação,visando a recuperação de pastagens degradadas. Para tal, implementou-se um experimento emuma área de Brachiaria decumbens em Nova Odessa (SP), utilizando um escarificador com discosde corte e ponteiras aladas. O efeito da escarificação do solo foi avaliado aos 60 dias após aescarificação do solo. A resistência do solo à penetração foi avaliada utilizando um penetrógrafohidráulico eletrônico. Os dados obtidos foram analisados comparando as áreas sob as curvas deresistência do solo à penetração, bem como por análise multivariada. As camadas de soloidentificadas pela análise multivariada foram alteradas pela escarificação. A escarificação do soloreduziu os valores de resistência do solo à penetração nas profundidades de 0-100 mm,100-200mm e 0-300 mm, quando comparadas as áreas sob a curva de resistência, porém não houveramdiferenças na profundidade de 200-300mm.
PROBLEMAS LOCOMOTORES EM FRANGOS DE CORTE - REVISÃO.
Authors: PAZ IBIARA CORREIA DE LIMA ALMEIDA
Published: April 2015

O bem estar animal é, sem dúvida, um dos pontos em que os produtores de aves devem seatentar para conseguir melhor rentabilidade e colocação no mercado externo. No entanto, é ne-cessário ter uma ampla idéia de que alguns pontos impostos por mercados importadores, muitasvezes não tem fundamento científico e tratam-se mais de barreiras não tarifárias que de proble-mas de produção propriamente ditos. Dentre os vários fatores que afetam o bem estar animal,pode-se destacar a incidência de problemas locomotores, principalmente em animais confinados.Estes distúrbios podem acarretar em perdas de até 6% em lotes comercias de frangos de corte,além de outras perdas não mensuráveis em linhas de abate, por fraturas e hematomas. Existemdiversas metodologias para diagnosticar problemas locomotores, entretanto, a mais difundida naindústria avícola é o Gait Score, por sua facilidade de aplicação e por englobar os diferentes tiposde problemas locomotores. Sabe-se, contudo que esta metodologia é bastante subjetiva e podeinferir em diferentes níveis de avaliação dependendo do método utilizado. Os problemaslocomotores devem ser prevenidos já que depois de estabelecidos as perdas são inevitáveis.
IMPACT OF FACILITY MAINTENANCE SYSTEM ON PRODUCT PHYSICAL LOSSES IN A POULTRY FEED MILL UNIT
Authors: CORADI P. C. , LACERDA FILHO A. F. de , CHAVES J B. P.
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantitative, the costs and contaminations of the physical losses of products caused by maintenance system utilized on the equipments of the different stages of production of a feed mill. The experiment was conducted in a feed industry with capacity of production of 1,000 ton.day-1. Firstly, a rising of the maintenance system used in the feed mill was done, after the products losses were quantified in the external and internal sectors of the milling steps. Two methods were utilized for losses quantification: per sector and per equipment of the feed industry. Samples of the products were collected in different points of area evaluated for counting of fungi and salmonellas colonies, whole and fragments insects and mites. The results showed a high number of maintenances not performed within the programmed period, arriving to 70%. In addition, the equipments maintenance system utilized in the feed milling, significantly influenced in the products losses, arriving to 120 Kg and costs of US$ 38 per hour worked. The microbiology analysis presented a high contamination index (7.4x104 CFU.g-1) in the final products.
PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF METHYLIC AND ETHYLIC BIODIESEL FROM CANOLA OIL
Authors: BATISTA A.C.F. , VIEIRA A.T. , RODRIGUES H.S. , SILVA T.A. , ASSUNÇÃO R.M.N. , BELUOMINI M.A. , REZENDE H.P. , HERNANDEZ-TERRONES M.G.
Published: April 2015

Nowadays, the fossil’s fuel reserves have reduced, causing an increase on the oil’s derivate prices. Thus, the biodiesel appears as an alternative, where the oil of canola is a source to this biofuel, which has from 40% to 46% of oil in grain and showed an excellent quality, due to be constituted of fat acids. This work presents physicochemical properties of canola's biodiesel produced from methylic and ethylic routes through the transesterification process. The results are in according to the established by National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP).
COEFICIENTES DE ANGSTRÖM-PRESCOTT E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA RADIAÇÃO SOLAR E ETo NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO DE BEBEDOURO EM PETROLINA
Authors: DA SILVA A.O.
Published: April 2015

A radiação solar global é um elemento meteorológico importante para o cálculo da evapotranspiração de referência e consequentemente para a estimativa de consumo hídrico das culturas. Mediante o exposto, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar os coeficientes a e b da equação de Angström-Prescott para o perímetro irrigado de Bebedouro em Petrolina-PE e sua influência na radiação solar e evapotranspiração de referência. Os dados (radiação solar e insolação) foram obtidos em uma estação meteorológica (1968-2011) localizada na estação experimental da Embrapa Semiárido em Bebedouro, Petrolina-PE. Os coeficientes a e b foram determinados por análise de regressão linear, para todo o período e para períodos mensais e anuais. Utilizando os coeficientes encontrados estimou-se a radiação solar e a evapotranspiração, avaliando-se os seus desempenhos. Os valores médios mensais do coeficiente linear (a) foram de 0,2467 (setembro) e 0,3211 (janeiro) e do coeficiente angular (b) variaram de 0,2785 (janeiro) a 0,3637 (setembro). Os melhores desempenhos foram obtidos para as estimativas na escala mensal e anual.
More Than A Regular Job
Authors: Minyard Michael A.
Published: April 2015

YEPP PerSPEctive - Michael A. Minyard comments on his career experiences.

How on Earth did I get here? Normally this is a question posed in the figurative sense, but on this occasion, I mean it quite literally. I am swinging 80 ft above the choppy waters of the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of west Africa, holding tightly to the outside of the rope mesh of the personnel basket, a 4-ft-wide doughnut-shaped object with a canvas tarp across the bottom and rope webbing coming from the sides. The webbing meets at a point a few feet above my head and is attached to a longer rope that is then attached to the moving end of a crane. The crane arm swings toward the workboat and with it, the personnel basket, my duffel bag (safely sitting inside the mesh), and me. I am not a member of an elite military squadron, nor am I the host of an extreme-sports reality show. In fact, this is all part of my work in the oil industry. Yes, that oil industry.
A Changing Role for the Petrophysicist?
Authors: Corbett Patrick
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - Heriot- Watt U. professor Patrick Corbett assesses the evolving role of the petrophysicist and imagines what the future will hold.
Costs and Benefits of Graduate Education
Authors: Aziz Khalid
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry

Khalid Aziz, professor of earth sciences and energy resources engineering at Stanford University, examines the costs and benefits of graduate education.
Deepwater Drilling: Driven by Culture?
Authors: Zafar Asif , Soltani Amir
Published: April 2015

Soft Skills - To what extent is deepwater drilling driven by culture?

Deepwater drilling is a high-risk operation. It involves going below water depths of 500 ft to explore for oil and gas. If there are any issues with the subsurface equipment, divers cannot intervene because human beings are physically incapable of tolerating such depths. But water pressure is not the only thing a person working in deep water needs to worry about. There will also be significant challenges to maintaining a work/life balance. The extent of these challenges could depend on one’s culture and roots.

What, then, is culture? Culture is based on the cumulated beliefs and behaviors characteristic of a particular group. Such a group could be as small as a family or as large as a country. Geert Hofstede, a Dutch sociologist, conducted extensive surveys of employees of different nationalities working for multinational companies and published his findings in a book in 1980.

He identified the following five key dimensions of culture:

Uncertainty avoidance

Power distance

Masculinity

Individualism

Long-term orientation

He developed an index for each of these dimensions. Let’s see how deepwater operations rank according to these indices.
How Offshore Capping Stacks Work
Authors: Madrid Mauricio , Matson Antony
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - Trendsetter Engineering’s Mauricio Madrid and Antony Matson explain how offshore capping stacks work.
Crafting the Career of Your Dreams
Authors: Mackay Eric
Published: April 2015

Academia - Heriot-Watt University’s Eric Mackay tells those entering the oil and gas job market how to carve out a career and create a niche.
Carving Your Own Path: The Technical vs. Managerial Career Dilemma
Authors: Ayala H. Luis F.
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead

TWA Editor Luis Ayala weighs the pros and cons of technical and managerial career paths.
Career Profile: Simon Ayat
Authors: Ayat Simon
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry

A profile of Simon Ayat, chief financial officer and executive vice president of Schlumberger.
The Development of Wireline-Tractor Technology
Authors: Schwanitz Brian , Henriques Kristine
Published: April 2015

Tech 101

In this new series, TWA examines some of the most significant upstream technologies being employed today. This first installment focuses on well tractors.
Would You Know a Good Decision if You Saw One?
Authors: Bratvold Reidar B. , Begg Steve
Published: April 2015

Academia.edu@TWA

Decision analysis is not a cookbook or series of boxes that must be checked before a project is approved, argue professors Reidar Bratvold and Steve Begg, who share some pointers on how to map out the likely consequences of decisions, assess the importance of individual factors, and choose the best course of action.
SAGD: R&D for Unlocking Unconventional Heavy-Oil Resources
Authors: Medina Max
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - Steam-assisted gravity drainage: R&D for unlocking unconventional heavy oil resources.
Energy Companies and Climate Change
Authors: Onukwu Anthony
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead - Highlights of some of the ways the industry has shown interest in the global issue of climate change.
Antarctica: Recording and Experiencing Climate Change
Authors: Levy Joseph
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - Interpreting climate change in Antarctica.

Antarctica, the “harsh continent,” is the highest, driest, coldest, and windiest place on Earth. A continent-spanning ice cap belies cold desert conditions under which climate records accumulate with glacial slowness. Antarctica is the storehouse of the world’s oldest iceborne climate records, preserved in the Antarctic deep freeze for millions of years. But Antarctica is also a living laboratory in which the decadal effects of climate change can be directly observed. Accordingly, Antarctica serves as a valuable scientific resource for understanding past climate conditions as well as for gauging the current trajectory of climate change (Fig 1).

A Lens for Climate Change

Climate information from Antarctica comes from three major sources: the land ice record, the marine (sedimentary) record, and the ecosystem record. Because marine sedimentary records exist at all latitudes, only the Antarctic land ice and ecosystem records will be discussed. Ice cores from interior Antarctica provide a long and continuous record of atmospheric conditions in the southern hemisphere, while ecosystem records give us insight into the response of the Earth’s biosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere to ongoing and future changes.
Independents: Who Art Thou?
Authors: Medina Max
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead - What defines independent operators in the oil and gas industry?

What exactly defi nes independent operators in the oil and gas industry? TWA staff members gave many suggestions about how to answer this question. Most thought they are companies that lack something, such as integrated upstream and downstream operations, market capitalization, or total booked reserves. One good analog is our own magazine, The Way Ahead, where we consider ourselves the ’independent’ of oil and gas publications. We are much smaller than our “major” sister SPE publication, the Journal of Petroleum Technology. We target readers who are in the early stages of their careers and who might be able to relate more to our content. And we make the most out of the limited amount of resources we have at our disposal.

Personally, I have always been curious about the complementary value of the independents. I was born and grew up in a developing country in South America, Venezuela. My country is blessed with one of the biggest hydrocarbon reserves in the world. However, despite the immense amount of resources, our oil and gas industry has always been dominated by the majors and the country’s national oil company (NOC). I have always believed that the oil industry in my country is missing a critical element due to its lack of independent companies, which excel at targeting overlooked hydrocarbon exploitation opportunities and making them profi table when larger companies cannot. In this context, the independents are the perfect complement to majors and NOCs.
Independents vs. Majors: Who Provides the Better Career?
Authors: Simons Harry
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - Harry Simons of Hess Corporation ponders: Who provides the better career - independents or majors?
Job Satisfaction and Security in the Oil and Gas Industry: Through the Eyes of Professionals
Authors: Munisteri Islin , Taha Muhammad
Published: April 2015

Forum - Results of TWA survey on job satisfaction and job security in oil and gas.

The reach of the oil and gas industry is vast and global. According to IBISWorld, the industry generated revenue of around USD 5 trillion in 2013 and employed roughly 1.34 million individuals worldwide. Yet the average global discovery drilling success-to-failure ratio is 1:10. If a company experiences repeated failures, it might end up cutting overhead by downsizing.

Human resources have become a large focus for management in the oil and gas industry since the 1980s. During the 1980s and 1990s, the industry did far less university recruitment than it does today. In “Benchmarking Industry Talent Needs” (Journal of Petroleum Technology, July 2010), author Olivier Soupa noted that during the boom from 2004 to 2008, the demand for petrotechnical professionals substantially increased recruitment targets for oil and gas companies. Though there was an economic collapse in 2008 and oil prices entered a period of high volatility, the industry still continues to recruit actively on campuses around the world.

So what does this mean for the job security of young professionals entering the industry and those already established within the industry?
Good Living Between a Rock and a Hard Place
Authors: Khouri Rafi
Published: April 2015

YEPP PerSPEctive - Rafi Khouri of Champion Technologies learns from his globe-trotting travels, courtesy of the oil industry.
Women's Role in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Pastorini Celeste A.
Published: April 2015

YEPP PerSPEctive - Schlumberger field engineer Celeste A. Pastorini notes the challenges facing women in the oil and gas industry.
Continuing Education: Which Programs Work, Which Don’t, and What Does the Industry Find Valuable and Useful?
Authors: Kroemer Erwin , Burton Steven
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview - Erwin Kroemer of ExxonMobil and Steven Burton, a University of Texas director of MBA programs, discuss continuing-education programs that work, what doesn’t work, and what is valued and useful to the industry.
There Is Life After College: Learning Must Go On
Authors: Ertekin Turgay
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - Turgay Ertekin, Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Penn State University, offers insight on advanced learning.
Future Technologies of the Oil Field
Authors: Rajan Surya
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview - A discussion of future technologies of the oil field.

If all technological innovations produced by the oil and gas industry were added up, they would probably rival NASA’s space program or the Industrial Revolution. Driving these innovations have been the increasing challenges of locating, accessing, and exploiting hydrocarbon reserves. As oil and gas gets harder to find and extract, the costs of extraction escalate, and this drives innovation that makes the process more efficient and cost-effective. Before we speculate on the technological future of the oil field, let us look at some fundamental questions, such as what drives innovation, what does it cost, who pays for it, and who performs it?

What Drives Innovation?

In general, innovation relates to the application of new ideas, products, or techniques. In oil fields, it pertains to anything that extends our ability to access resources that are harder to reach, or to do so more efficiently, effectively, cleanly, and safely. We would not be talking about technology and innovation if we could take a bucket to a bubbling stream or a pond of crude and gather at will. Recent oil and gas finds and major developments have been a result of pushing the limits of existing technologies. The oil and gas industry has responded with innovative solutions to meet its business needs, bringing together exploration and production (E&P) operators, service companies, and academia (Table 1).
Response to JPT Editorial
Authors: Willis Todd B. , Vaucher David
Published: April 2015

JPT Response - Response to article by Dan Hill and Stephen Holditch of Texas A&M in the June 2013 issue of the Journal of Petroleum Technology.
Ethics and Integrity Matter in the Workplace, Parts I and II
Authors: Howes Susan , Arnold Ken
Published: April 2015

Soft Skills - A two-part discussion of how ethics and integrity matter in the workplace.

For many engineers, it helps to discuss ethical dilemmas with their colleagues and seek guidance for the appropriate application of a code of ethics. Many professional and technical societies have ethical guidelines for their members. SPE’s Guide for Professional Conduct for SPE members includes a Preamble, The Fundamental Principle, and 12 Canons of Professional Conduct. The canons (see next page) detail the expectations of SPE professionals in the areas of competency, societal and work consequences, honesty in presenting information, ethics, conflicts of interest, nonbiased actions, personal responsibility, impact on public health and safety, environmental impact, multidisciplinary work, and observation of the law. Registration as a professional will often have an ethics component to the testing for licensure (that is, the granting of a license which gives permission to practice) and an annual requirement for continuing education in ethics.
Some Design Aspects for Venturi Gas Lift Valves
Authors: Almeida A. R.
Published: April 2015

The Venturi valve represents a significant advancement in the technology of gas lift in petroleum wells. Its use is expanding, and an understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects is fundamental to maximize the benefits of its application. The application-related aspects are reasonably well-covered in the literature; however, to achieve good performance and promote the expected benefits, some valve-design aspects have to be taken into account. This paper describes key points, including a recommended Venturi geometry, the influence of several Venturi design parameters on performance, and an analysis of the role of the check valve. The design guidelines provided in this work are supported by experimental tests performed at Petrobras’ Gas Lift Valves Test Unit and by sizable experience with Venturi valves after more than 600 valves run in wells or tested.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smoking Dairy Farmers
Authors: Stoleski Saso , Minov Jordan , Karadzinska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Mijakoski Dragan
Published: April 2015

Introduction :

Work-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a considerable part of the disease burden globally.

Objective :

To assess the COPD prevalence and characteristics in never-smoking dairy farmers.

Materials and Methodology :

We have conducted a cross-sectional study with 75 male dairy farmers aged 26 to 59 years, and compared them with equivalent number of male office workers similar by age, and duration of employment. Data on chronic respiratory symptoms, job history and daily activities were obtained by questionnaire. Lung functional testing of the examined subjects included baseline spirometry, and bronchodilator reversibility measurement.

Results :

Dairy farmers showed higher prevalence of overall respiratory symptoms, but significant difference was noticed for cough, phlegm, and dyspnea. Dairy farmers had more prevalent work-related respiratory symptoms, being significant for overall symptoms, cough, and phlegm. The mean baseline values of spirometric parameters were lower in dairy farmers, but significance was reported for FEV1/FVC%, MEF50,MEF75, and MEF25-75. Dairy farmers had significantly higher COPD prevalence than office controls (10.7%vs2.7%,P= 0,049). Dairy farmers and office controls showed significant association between COPD and age over 45 years. Dairy farmers had a significant association between COPD and employment duration of over 20 years (P= 0.023), but also between COPD and work-related chronic respiratory symptoms (P= 0.041).

Conclusion :

The study findings favor the cause-effect association between job exposure to respiratory hazards, and development of persistent airway obstruction among dairy farmers.
Long-term cost–effectiveness of Oncotype DX®versus current clinical practice from a Dutch cost perspective
Authors: Kip Michelle , Monteban Helma , Steuten Lotte
Published: April 2015

Introduction:This study analyzes the incremental cost–effectiveness of Oncotype DX®testing to support adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations, versus current clinical practice, for patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), node-negative or micrometastatic (pN1mic) early-stage breast cancer in The Netherlands.Methods:Markov model projecting distant recurrence, survival, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and healthcare costs over a 30-year time horizon.Results:Oncotype DX was projected to increase QALYs by 0.11 (0.07–0.58) and costs with €1236 (range: -€142–€1236) resulting in an incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of €11,236/QALY under the most conservative scenario.Conclusion:Reallocation of adjuvant chemotherapy based on Oncotype DX testing is most likely a cost-effective use of scarce resources, improving long-term survival and QALYs at marginal or lower costs.
Bouquet
Authors: Borsato Diane
Published: April 2015

Abstract:

In response to instructions by the Critical Art Ensemble to “commit a crime with a humanitarian outcome,” Toronto-based artist Diane Borsato decided to steal flowers from neighbours’ gardens and give the bouquet as a surprise gift to her mother. This photo-essay follows her through this and other acts of floral repurposing, collectively titled Bouquet (2006–ongoing), as an aesthetic act.
Falling Piece
Authors: Borsato Diane
Published: April 2015

Abstract:

Six contemporary dancers dressed as elegant party guests at an Art Gallery of Ontario benefit gala staged a range of “accidental” falls—some discreet and some theatrical—to create the impression that the museum was somehow dangerously slippery and unstable in Toronto-based artist Diane Borsato’s Falling Piece (2010).
A Sufficiently Advanced Racket: Performance on the Margins of Art and Commerce
Authors: Schotzko T. Nikki Cesare
Published: April 2015

Abstract:

In 2014, the indie house band Vulfpeck released the album Sleepify on the digital music-streaming service Spotify. The album consists of ten tracks, the first titled “z,” the second “zz,” the third “zzz,” and so on. Each track is just over thirty seconds long, and each is composed of absolute digital silence. Not to be confused with John Cage’s only allegedly “silent” composition 4′33″ (1952), as Vulfpeck’s Jack Stratton is quick to clarify, Sleepify is actually, definitively silent: “It’s not a recording of a still environment; it’s an actual digital file full of zeroes.” The catch: via each listen the album accrued on Spotify, the band was that much closer to funding its 2014 tour—which, should all go according to plan, Vulfpeck’s fans would be able to attend for free. Putting Sleepify in conversation with producer Mike Batt’s alleged plagiarism of 4′33″ and performance artist Marina Abramović’s 512 Hours of doing nothing, I interrogate the aesthetic and economic dynamics of the performer-audience relationship in work in which it is only through the audience’s willingness to do something that the artist’s goal toward doing nothing might be realized.
Requiem for a Glacier
Authors: Walde Paul
Published: April 2015

Abstract:

Paul Walde describes his environmental activist sound performance work Requiem for a Glacier, the experience of presenting the work, the media reception to the performance, and how the piece changed as excerpts from the performance were integrated into a monumental video installation of the same title.
Veterinary School Applicants: Financial Literacy and Behaviors
Authors: Carr McKensie M. , Greenhill Lisa M.
Published: April 2015

Each year the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) conducts a survey after the close of the Veterinary Medical College Application Service (VMCAS) application. The survey provides a glimpse into applicant behavior surrounding the veterinary school application process. Additional survey questions probe into applicant financial behaviors, use of financial products and services, and pet ownership. This article examines the 2013 survey data from applicants who successfully completed the application, with a focus on applicant financial literacy and behaviors. Data from the study revealed a disconnect between applicants' perception of their ability to deal with day-to-day finances and their actual financial behaviors, particularly for first-generation college student applicants and applicants who are racially/ethnically underrepresented in veterinary medicine (URVM). Many applicants were not able to accurately report the average veterinary school graduate's student debt level, which suggests the potential need for better education about the costs associated with attending veterinary school.
Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction
Authors: Weidinger Adelheid , Kozlov Andrey
Published: April 2015

In the past, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) were shown to cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, contributing to the development of a variety of diseases. However, recent evidence has suggested that intracellular RONS are an important component of intracellular signaling cascades. The aim of this review was to consolidate old and new ideas on the chemical, physiological and pathological role of RONS for a better understanding of their properties and specific activities. Critical consideration of the literature reveals that deleterious effects do not appear if only one primary species (superoxide radical, nitric oxide) is present in a biological system, even at high concentrations. The prerequisite of deleterious effects is the formation of highly reactive secondary species (hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite), emerging exclusively upon reaction with another primary species or a transition metal. The secondary species are toxic, not well controlled, causing irreversible damage to all classes of biomolecules. In contrast, primary RONS are well controlled (superoxide dismutase, catalase), and their reactions with biomolecules are reversible, making them ideal for physiological/pathophysiological intracellular signaling. We assume that whether RONS have a signal transducing or damaging effect is primarily defined by their quality, being primary or secondary RONS, and only secondly by their quantity.
A Possible Association between Melanoma and Prostate Cancer. Results from a Case-Control-Study
Authors: Goldenberg Alina , Jiang Shang , Cohen Philip
Published: April 2015

Melanoma and prostate cancer are the fifth and first most common cancers in men within the United States, respectively. The association between the two cancers lies in the mutual androgen-dependence. However, the relationship between prostate cancer history and melanoma development remains to be further elucidated. We aim to determine the odds of history of prostate cancer among men with melanoma as compared to time-frame, clinic, and provider-matched controls without melanoma within a single academic surgical center. We present a case-control study comparing men treated for melanoma and non-melanoma cancer by a single provider between 2010 and 2014 within an academic dermatologic surgical center. Overall, there were nine cases of prostate cancer among the melanoma group and two cases amongst the controls—a statistically significant difference in both uni- and multivariable analyses (p = 0.057 [95% CI 1, 23.5], p = 0.042 [95% CI 1.1, 129], respectively). Body mass index, alcohol use, and skin type II were significant risk factors for melanoma (p = 0.011 [95% CI 1, 1.3], 0.005 [95% CI 1.4, 7], 0.025 [95% CI 1.1, 3.3], respectively). There were more immunosuppressed controls (p = 0.002); however, the melanoma patients had a significantly longer duration of immunosuppression (11.6 vs. 1.9 years, p < 0.001 [95% CI 0.03, 0.5]). Melanoma screenings for men should include questions on prostate cancer history. Prostate cancer patients may benefit from more frequent and comprehensive melanoma screening.
Regression Models Using Fully Discharged Voltage and Internal Resistance for State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Hsin , Liang Jin-Wei , Chang Wunching , Huang Shyh-Chin
Published: April 2015

Accurate estimation of lithium-ion battery life is essential to assure the reliable operation of the energy supply system. This study develops regression models for battery prognostics using statistical methods. The resultant regression models can not only monitor a battery’s degradation trend but also accurately predict its remaining useful life (RUL) at an early stage. Three sets of test data are employed in the training stage for regression models. Another set of data is then applied to the regression models for validation. The fully discharged voltage (Vdis) and internal resistance (R) are adopted as aging parameters in two different mathematical models, with polynomial and exponential functions. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) process is applied to search for optimal coefficients of the regression models. Simulations indicate that the regression models using Vdis and R as aging parameters can build a real state of health profile more accurately than those using cycle number, N. The Monte Carlo method is further employed to make the models adaptive. The subsequent results, however, show that this results in an insignificant improvement of the battery life prediction. A reasonable speculation is that the PSO process already yields the major model coefficients.
If Long-Term Resistance to a Spruce Beetle Epidemic is Futile, Can Silvicultural Treatments Increase Resilience in Spruce-Fir Forests in the Central Rocky Mountains?
Authors: Windmuller-Campione Marcella , Long James
Published: April 2015

Within the Central Rocky Mountains, spruce beetle populations have the potential to rapidly transition from endemic to epidemic levels in the spruce-fir (Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir) forest type. Conventional management has focused on creating resistance to spruce beetle outbreaks by manipulating the overstory density and composition. Three silvicultural treatments, single tree selection, group selection, and shelterwood with reserves, were established in a spruce-fir forest in northern Utah with the goals of increasing both resistance and resilience to outbreaks. Resistance and resilience metrics were explicitly defined. Pre-harvest and two post-harvest measurements were used to assess how the different silvicultural treatments influenced the metrics. The shelterwood with reserves was the only treatment to meet both the resistance and resilience criteria. This treatment, while not traditionally used, created a stand structure and composition that will be most resilient to climate induced increases in spruce beetle caused tree mortality. However, there will be a trade-off in composition and structure, especially Engelmann spruce, after a spruce beetle epidemic because the created structure is more uniform with fewer groups and gaps than commonly observed in spruce-fir forests. With changing climatic conditions, proactive forest management, such as the shelterwood with reserves in the spruce-fir forest type, is the best method for increasing short-term resistance and long-term resilience to spruce beetle outbreaks.
Evaluation of a Smartphone App for Forest Sample Plot Measurements
Authors: Vastaranta Mikko , Latorre Eduardo , Luoma Ville , Saarinen Ninni , Holopainen Markus , Hyyppä Juha
Published: April 2015

We evaluated a smartphone app (TRESTIMATM) for forest sample plot measurements. The app interprets imagery collected from the sample plots using the camera in the smartphone and then estimates forest inventory attributes, including species-specific basal areas (G) as well as the diameter (DgM) and height (HgM) of basal area median trees. The estimates from the smartphone app were compared to forest inventory attributes derived from tree-wise measurements using calipers and a Vertex height measurement device. The data consist of 2169 measured trees from 25 sample plots (32 m × 32 m), dominated by Scots pine and Norway spruce from southern Finland. The root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) in the basal area varied from 19.7% to 29.3% and the biases from 11.4% to 18.4% depending on the number of images per sample plot and image shooting location. DgM measurement bias varied from −1.4% to 3.1% and RMSE from 5.2% to 11.6% depending on the tree species. Respectively, HgM bias varied from 5.0% to 8.3% and RMSE 10.0% to 13.6%. In general, four images captured toward the center of the plot provided more accurate results than four images captured away from the plot center. Increasing the number of captured images per plot to the analyses yielded only marginal improvement to the results.