bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined chemoimmunotherapy and radiation therapy of inflammatory breast carcinoma
Authors: Krutchik Allan N. , Buzdar Aman U. , Blumenschein George R. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Tashima Charles K. , Gutterman Jordan U. , Yap H. Y. , Hersh Evan M.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐two patients with a diagnosis of primary inflammatory breast carcinoma were treated with combination chemoimmunotherapy consisting of 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adria‐mycin), and cyclophosphamide (FAC) plus BCG followed by radiation therapy. This group of patients was compared to a group of 32 consecutive historical controls treated with radiation therapy alone. The estimated mean disease‐free interval for the FAC‐BCG group was 16 months, compared to 9 months for the radiation therapy alone group (P <0.01). The estimated median survival for the FAC‐ BCG treated group was 24 months, compared to 18 months for the radiation therapy alone group (P = 0.03). The combined modality approach consisting of chemoimmunotherapy and radiation therapy significantly improved the disease‐free interval and survival of patients with inflammatory breast carcinoma.
Comparison of intramural 5‐fluorouracil and more conventional routes of drug administration on concentrations in gastric regional lymph nodes: A potential for trans‐endoscopic adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Yamada Kazuki , Murphy Gerald P. , Douglass Harold O.
Published: February 2007

Intramural injection of 20 μCi (2‐14C) 5‐fluorouracil(5‐FU) into the gastric submucosa of dogs and baboons was employed to evaluate the kinetics of 5‐FU distribution following this route of administration and to compare these results with those following intraluminal, intravenous, and local intra‐ arterial injections. Measurements of radioactivity taken over a six‐hour period after injections demonstrated that the greatest concentration of isotope in samples of gastric wall and perigastric lymph nodes was found after administration of the drug directly into the stomach wall. Clinical application of intramural injections of 5‐FU into the stomach wall under direct gastroscopic visual control, may be worthy of trial in patients with gastric cancer.
Lymphocytes subpopulation in normal family members of patients with alpha‐chain disease
Authors: Alsabti ELIAS A. K. , Safo M. H. , Shaheen A.
Published: February 2007

Normal family members of eight diagnosed patients suffering from alpha‐chain disease had been investigated by immunoelectrophoresis for abnormal alpha‐chain protein in their serum. The pattern was demonstrated in four families only, of different members, but all are of the first‐degree relationship. The aim of the study was to determine any possible hereditary defect of the immune system in such patients, as compared to the immune system of the normal members of the family who had abnormal protein in their serum. It was found that in both patients and normal members, the proportion of circulating B‐lymphocytes was much higher than normal, whereas that of T‐lymphocytes was lower than normal. Neither could be sensitized to DNCB, and their skin tests to tuberculin were negative. From all these findings, it was concluded that the disease was a B‐cell disease of IgA type transmitted by a hereditary factor associated with a low level of cellular immunity. Further studies are required to support this hypothesis.
Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy following regional therapy for isolated recurrences of breast cancer (stage IV NED)
Authors: Buzdar Aman U. , Blumenschein George R. , Smith Terry L. , Tashima Charles K. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Yap H. Yong , Gutterman Jordan U. , Hersh Evan M. , Gehan Edmund A.
Published: February 2007

A combination of 5‐fluorouracil, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG (FAC‐BCG) was evaluated as adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients following surgical excision and/or radiation of first site of recurrent disease.

In a group of 68 patients treated with FAC‐BCG, the estimated proportion remaining free of disease at 2 years from first recurrence was 69%, compared to 24% in 60 historical control patients (P < 0.01).

Estimated 2‐year survival rate from first recurrence was 85% for the FAC‐BCG patients and 78% for the controls (P = 0.07). This regimen has significantly prolonged the disease‐free interval from the first recurrence, but additional follow‐up is needed to determine its effect on long‐term survival.
Randomized study of local control and survival following radical surgery or radiation therapy in oral and laryngeal carcinomas
Authors: Hintz Brace , Charyulu Komanduri , Chandler James R. , Sudarsanam Anam , Garciga Carlos
Published: February 2007

From 1971 to 1975, 100 patients with glottic, supraglottic, and oral cavity lesions were prospectively randomized between primary radiation treatment and primary surgery. Local control and survival were similar with either treatment for lesions of the oral cavity or supraglottic larynx. Comparison between radiation alone and surgery alone for T1 and T2 glottic laryngeal lesions showed local control rates of 76% and 100% (P=0.32); after secondary salvage attempts, local control rates were 82% and 100%, respectively (P=0.52). Neither result approached statistical significance. Successful radiation for early glottic larynx lesions resulted in superior deglutition and equivalent voice function compared to successful primary treatment with conservation laryngectomy. For oral cavity lesions, swallowing was impaired in the same percentage of radiated and operated patients, but fewer primary radiation patients had articulation difficulties. Among the patients with supraglottic larynx lesions, aspiration was not a problem with either radiation or surgery, but successful radiation perhaps maintained a slightly better voice quality.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as prognostic marker in colonic cancer
Authors: Alsabti Elias
Published: February 2007

Radioimmunoassay for serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed in 49 colonic cancer patients. The test results were positive in 42 patients (85.7%) in whom tumor was present at the time of assay. Preoperatively, CEA level suggested the extent and the prognosis of the disease. Strongly positive CEA test results in such patients correlated with metastatic tumors and poor prognosis. Postoperatively, a positive result for serum CEA indicated presence of residual tumor, while negative results did not exclude residual tumor. Periodic CEA determination in the patients who have undergone resection of colonic cancer may detect tumor recurrence that is at a treatable stage. The data show that patients in whom the immediate postoperative CEA concentration returns to normal have a much lower incidence of recurrent cancer of the colon than patients whose CEA level remains elevated.
Results of treating 1, 178 patients with breast cancer by radical mastectomy and postoperative irradiation where metastases to axillary lymph nodes occurred
Authors: Ariel Irving M.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective study of 1, 178 females suffering from cancer of the breast and treated by radical mastectomy is presented. All operations were performed by essentially one group of four senior surgeons, each either trained or connected with Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital in New York and spent practically all of his professional career in the treatment of cancer. The same techniques of surgery were practiced. The same principles of the overall treatment were utilized; namely, if there were no metastases to lymph nodes detected on histologic studies, no radiation therapy was given. If metastases were present in the axillary lymph nodes, each of the patients received postoperative radiation therapy. None received either chemotherapy nor immunotherapy, as primary treatment. The study includes all patients treated between 1930 and 1965 and complete follow‐up data were obtained in 94.6% of all patients. Five hundred and ninety‐six patients were classified histologically as Stage I (50.6%), 291 as Stage II (24.7%), 74 as Stage III (6.3%), and 217 patients (18.4%) were undetermined. The total number of patients who developed a second primary cancer in the remaining breast was 91 (7.7%), and only 51 patients (4.3%) developed local recurrences in the chest wall or axilla. The mean age of the patients was 51.9 years. The absolute 5‐year survival of all patients was 64% and the 10‐year survival equaled 54.6%. The 9.4% mortality between the 5‐ and 10‐year survival emphasizes that the 10‐year survival figures are a more accurate index of survival. The larger the tumor, usually the poorer the prognosis, except where the tumor was 8 cm or larger where the prognosis was rather good. This indicates some biologic resistance.
Alterations in gastrointestinal contents induced by elemental diets
Authors: Stanford John R. , Ayers Leona W. , Cornhill J. Frederick , Carey Larry C. , Kilman James W. , Pace William G. , Vasko John S.
Published: February 2007

The effects of elemental diets on selected aspects of the rat colon were studied. Forty young male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into 4 diet groups of 10 rats each: Purina Rat Chow (control); Flexical; Precision L‐R; and Vivonex. All diets were fed ad lib to rats housed in pairs in wire‐bottom cages. Two weeks after weight stabilization had been achieved all rats were killed and colon contents were collected for culture and short‐chain fatty acid analysis on the Perkins‐Elsoner 3920 gas chromatograph. Colon fecal butyric/acetic acid ratios of the rats in the 4 groups were: Rat Chow, 2.56; Flexical, 0.28; Precision L‐R, 0.16; and Vivonex, 0.26. Bacterial cultures showed increased coliform and enterococcal species in the rats consuming elemental diets.
Single versus double preoperative intralesional BCG in 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.
Published: February 2007

Ninety Fischer 344 female rats were injected subcutaneously with a syngeneic 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma. In order to study if repeated doses of preoperative intralesional (IL) BCG were more effective than single doses of IL BCG, and whether the amount of tumor burden influenced the effectiveness of single and/or double doses of BCG, 40 rats had single tumor implants and 50 had double tumor implants. If tumor was allowed to grow for 22 days before resection, all animals eventually died from spontaneous disseminated metastasis (survival for rats with single tumor = 72.8 ± 12.1 days; for those with double tumors = 63.3 ± 14.0 days). For rats with single tumors, one dose of IL BCG given 11 days before resection of tumor results in 25% longterm cures. But repeated doses of IL BCG gave much better survival results (43% cures). For rats with two subcutaneous tumors, single doses of preoperative BCG was not effective. Double injections of BCG significantly improved survival results and achieved occasional long‐term cures (25%) if the combined tumor volumes were relatively small.
Comparative value of aspiration cytology in the diagnostic evaluation of breast masses
Authors: Frazier Thomas G. , Rowland Charlotte H. , Woolery Claire L.
Published: February 2007

For 38 consecutive patients presenting with breast masses we compared accuracy of diagnosis, before biopsy, of the techniques of clinical examination, bilateral xeromammography, and aspiration cytology with a 10‐cc syringe and a 22‐guage needle. Of the 38 patients, nine had carcinoma and 29 had benign breast disease. The overall diagnostic accuracy showed a perfect correlation between aspiration cytology and subsequent biopsy for carcinoma in this group. Clinical impression made the correct diagnosis in 89.5% of the cases and bilateral xeromammography produced the correct diagnosis in 84.9%. Both clinical impression and mammography were incorrect in diagnosing 33.3% of the malignancies. The technique of cytologic aspiration is a simple, accurate, and effective adjunct to the early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the breast, and this should become a part of the initial evaluation of the patient who presents with a breast mass.
Effect of acute and chronic ethanol intake on metastasis formation in rat liver
Authors: Elmér Olle , Göransson Göran , Molander Nils
Published: February 2007

The effect of acute ethanol intoxication and prolonged intake of ethanol on metastasis formation in the liver was studied in the rat. The tumour cells used were derived from a pharmacologically induced colon carcinoma (NGW 1) and were injected intraportally. Acute ethanol intoxication at the time of injection was associated with a liver weight of 13.29 ± 0.89 gm two weeks later, compared to 8.43 ± 0.51 gm in controls. Daily intake of ethanol for eight weeks resulted in a mild reduction of platelets. The liver weight in two groups was 7.31±0.50 gm and 12.19±1.40 gm three weeks after intraportal injection of cancer cells as compared to 9.53±1.11 gm and 19.63±1.67gm in controls. The results indirectly supported the hypothesis that acute ethanol intoxication causes increased platelet activity and confirmed earlier results showing the importance of platelets for metastasis formation.
Colorectal carcinoma 15 years after the diagnosis of perianal paget disease
Authors: Oster Martin W. , Magun Arthur , Herter Frederic P. , Wolff Marianne
Published: February 2007

We report a patient with perianal Paget disease who developed a colorectal carcinoma fifteen years later, complicated by pseudomyxoma peritonei. While perianal Paget disease is often associated with underlying carcinomas noted at the time of the diagnosis, we suggest that perianal Paget disease may also predispose to the future development of colorectal cancer.
Histoculture of human breast cancers
Authors: Sherwin R. P. , Richters A. , Yellin A. E. , Donovan A. J.
Published: February 2007

Breast cancers from 53 patients were explanted in culture, and 39 with two‐year or more follow‐up and documentable tissue forms of cancer in culture (histoculture) are the subject of this report. Clinicopathologic findings have been correlated with dynamic aspects of the cancers in short‐term histocultures, including cell cohesiveness, yield and survival time of the cancer cells in culture, emigration of macrophages from the explants, and the occurrence of special interactions of lymphocytes with cancer cells.

The outstanding finding was the association of special lymphocyte‐cancer cell interactions with a more favorable prognosis; six of seven patients (86%) with infiltrating ductal cancer showing lymphocyte congregation, emperiopolesis, or other special activity were tumor‐free survivors. Additional findings were: (1) patients having four or fewer lymph nodes positive for cancer had a survival rate of 50%, but this fell to 20% when emigrating macrophages were not present in the cancer cultures; (2) eight of 12 patients (67%) having discoid histoculture survival time of less than one week were tumor‐free, as opposed to three of eight patients (27%) where tumor survival in vitro was greater than one week. The reverse was true for nondiscoid, poorly cohesive colonies of cancer; (3) the combination of tumor‐negative lymph nodes and low in vitro cancer yield was associated with the best patient survival rate, 64%. However, the combination of negative nodes and high in vitro yield was linked to the worst patient survival (20%).

Although the overall study does not permit definitive conclusions, there is an undeniable potential for the use of histocultures in the evaluation of human cancers. Expanded studies are warranted, including larger numbers of tumors and cultures, and longer patient follow‐up periods.
Hypomagnesemia: Higher risk using total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of patients with malignancies
Authors: Frazier Thomas G. , Mucha Marie E. , Rush Imelda H. , Trull Eula J. , Carlson Stephen A. , O'Connor Jo Ann
Published: February 2007

The syndrome of hypomagnesemia in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is well known. To determine particular high‐risk groups for the development of this syndrome, 26 consecutive patients on TPN were initially evaluated for serum magnesium (Mg) and followed at regular intervals. Seventeen had a diagnosis of solid tumor or hematologic malignancy (CA); nine had inflammatory bowel disease and/or small bowel fistulae (ID). All met the standard criteria for being malnourished – anergy, low serum albumin, and recent weight loss. During TPN, all patients received an average of 24 mEq of magnesium sulfate per day, and all had satisfactory anabolic response in terms of weight gain and increase in serum albumin. Ten patients had at least one magnesium determination below the lower limits of normal, and four of these developed symptoms of tremor which responded to increased amounts of magnesium in their TPN. Eight of these ten (80%) had a diagnosis of CA, and four of four (100%) of those requiring additional magnesium to alleviate symptoms had CA. None of the patients with ID developed symptomatic hypomagnesemia. We conclude that patients with solid tumor malignancy are more likely to develop hypomagnesemia, possibly because of the increased requirements for magnesium in lymphocytolysis of tumor cells, and they must be carefully monitored to prevent this complication.
In vitro lymphocyte activity: Its relation to the stage of gastric cancer
Authors: Tohgi Kimiaki , Mashiba Harukazu , Yoshinaga Hirokuni
Published: February 2007

Lymphocyte activity of patients with gastric cancer and its relation to the stage of cancer were studied. PHA response of lymphocytes from patients with gastric cancer was decreased markedly even in early stage of cancer. The PHA‐stimulated lympho‐cytotoxicity was not impaired in all stages of the disease. Spontaneous lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity showed a tendency to decrease as the cancer stage advanced. The cytotoxic activity of the supernatants from lymphocytes cultured without PHA was significantly high in the advanced stage of gastric cancer.
Skin sensitization with the new reagents NOPYE (4‐nitro‐1‐cyclohexyl‐3‐ethoxy‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyrroline) and NOPY‐L‐phenylalanine
Authors: Reif Arnold E. , Southwick Philip L. , Judd Kenneth P.
Published: February 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the compound 4‐nitro‐1‐cyclohexyl‐3‐ethoxy‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyrroline (NOPYE) and some related compounds for skin sensitization in guinea pigs, as the first step in a search for more effective skin sensitizers for immunotherapy of cutaneous tumors. In guinea pigs, NOPYE and NOPYE‐L‐alanine produce far milder delayed hypersensitivity reactions than DNCB. Both NOPYE and DNCB fail to act as adjuvants for skin sensitization to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and ovalbumin (OV). This suggests an explanation for the lack of effectiveness of DNCB in immunotherapy of metastases: DNCB may be relatively ineffective as an adjuvant for production of specific antitumor immunity. Such adjuvant activity may be essential if the action of the immunotherapeutic reagent is not to be confined to its site of application but is to be effective at the site of distant metastases.
Association between estrogen receptors and weight in women with breast cancer
Authors: Papatestas Angelos E. , Panveliwalla Daraius , Pertsemlidis Demetrius , Mulvihill Michael , Aufses Arthur H.
Published: February 2007

A significant association between body weight and estrogen receptor protein (ERP) was noted in 83 women with primary and metastatic breast cancer. Thirteen of 34 (54%) women with weight >150 lb had low or absent receptor protein (<10 femtomoles/mg of cytoplasmic protein) compared to 15 of 59 (25%) women with weight <150 lb (P <0.025). The observed association was stronger in the group of 62 postmenopausal women (P <0.01). The findings suggest that the endocrine and metabolic milieu in women with increased weight favors autonomous growth of breast cancer, and adjuvant treatment in this group should be planned accordingly.
Cytological and cytogenetical analysis of thoracic duct lymph in patients with pulmonary carcinomas
Authors: Dahlbäck O. , Dencker H. , Elisson O. , Håkansson C. H. , Korsgaard R. , Simonsson B. G.
Published: February 2007

Seven patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and nodular metastases underwent Daniels' biopsy and cannulation of the thoracic duct. Lymph specimens obtained by aspiration the day after catheter insertion were examined by cytologic and cytogenetical techniques, including chromosome banding methods. In five of the seven cases malignant cells could be detected by karyotype analysis, whereas standard cytologic examinations yielded no positive diagnoses. This indicates that chromosome analysis is applicable as a diagnostic tool in lymph fluid.
Malignant carcinoid of the gallbladder: Third reported case and review of the literature
Authors: Bosl George J. , Yagoda Alan , Camara‐Lopes L. H.
Published: February 2007

The case of a 26‐year‐old male with malignant carcinoid of the gallbladder is presented. Extensive review of the literature reveals this patient to be the third case of a metastasizing gall bladder carcinoid and the twelfth reported case in the literature.
Morbidity and mortality after surgery in patients with disseminated or locally advanced cancer receiving systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Finn Daniel , Steele Glenn , Osteen Robert T. , Wilson Richard E.
Published: February 2007

All postoperative complications and mortality were analyzed in a diverse group of patients operated upon by the authors during a ten‐year period. These patients shared only two common factors: 1) known locally advanced or disseminated cancer, and 2) systemic chemotherapy within three weeks (either pre‐ or postoperatively) of major surgery. One hundred eighty‐six operations were performed on 175 patients. The overall mortality in this series was 2.2% (four patients), with a complication rate of 5.9% (11 patients). Despite the known detrimental effects of widespread cancer and cytotoxic agents on wound healing, appropriate surgical intervention can be accomplished with an acceptable mortality and morbidity in patients with locally advanced or disseminated cancer who are receiving systemic chemotherapy.
Pathogenesis of the anemia of Shay chloroleukemia
Authors: Derelanko M. J. , Khouri J. A. , Lobue J. , Gordon A. S.
Published: February 2007

The pathogenesis of anemia of the Shay chloroleukemia (SCL) was studied in rats following SC, IP and IV inoculation of chloroma cells. Little difference in survival was noted regardless of the route of inoculation. A decrease in hematocrit occurred in all SCL rats during approximately the final 48 hours of the disease; however, the anemia was more severe in SC‐ and IP‐inoculated terminal rats than in SCL rats inoculated IV. A reduction in the numbers of normal cellular elements was noted in the femoral bone marrow of most terminal rats studied which was found to correlate inversely with the leukemic blast cell content of the marrow. No correlation was observed between the erythroblast content of the marrow and the degree of anemia. The number of erythroblasts varied from greatly reduced to normal in terminal SCL rats despite severe anemia. Moreover, the greatest reduction of both normal marrow cellularity and erythroblast numbers was observed in IV inoculated rats which consistently displayed the highest hematocrits in the terminal stage of the disease. Thus, the terminal anemia appears to be due primarily to excessive red cell loss. The decrease in erythroblasts, when observed, was most striking in the orthochromatophilic and polychromatophilic stages of erythroid maturation.
Bilateral hypernephroma with solitary pancreatic metastasis
Authors: Saxon Allen , Gottesman James , Doolas Alexander
Published: February 2007

A case of bilateral renal carcinoma with an uncommon solitary metastasis is presented. Therapeutic rationale is discussed.
Tissue acid and alkaline phosphatase in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Erkan Ilhan , Remzi Dogan , Ciliv Gonenc
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐eight patients admitted with infravesical obstruction symptoms were studied. Fourteen of these patients were suffering from prostatic carcinoma defined as inoperable. The remaining 14 patients were diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and transurethral resection (TUR) was performed to all of them. Specimens obtained by TUR were used to analyze tissue activities of total and tartarate labil acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Enzymatic levels in the tissue were estimated by using fluorimetric method (FU/mg). The estimated averages seemed to vary in favor of the malignant tissue, however this variation was not found to be statistically significant. Different inhibition levels were observed in benign and malignant tissue with the addition of L(+) tartarate. The average levels of the alkaline phosphatase were found to be lower than those of acid phosphatase, but the former showed no difference between the malignant and benign groups.
Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of breast disease
Authors: Rosner D. , Weiss L. , Norman M.
Published: February 2007

Two hundred nine patients with breast disease were examined with a new advanced ultrasonic scanner. The ultrasound data were compared with clinical examination and, when available, X‐ray, surgical, and pathologic observations. The main purpose of the study was to determine whether ultrasonic examination provides additional diagnostic information on breast disease, to compare the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination with other diagnostic modalities, and to define its clinical applications.

In 171 patients with fibrocystic disease of the breast, ultrasound usually permitted a more accurate, detailed description of the lesions than other modalities and was capable of detecting cysts as small as 0.2 cm in diameter. By the use of ultrasound, fibrocystic disease was correctly diagnosed in 97% of patients and confirmed the presence of palpable cystic masses in 95%. In 24 cases of histologically confirmed breast cancer, 16 were diagnosed initially by ultrasound and 18 on review, compared with 22 of 24 cases by X‐ray mammography. Six of the eight initial false‐negative cases belonged to the non‐palpable group, where sonography could not visualize the presence of microcalcifications or radiologic mass identified by X‐ray mammography. In two patients who refused mammography, cancer was diagnosed by ultrasound only.

Our results demonstrate that ultrasound is a useful adjunct to other techniques in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions; however, it is not an unqualified substitute for X‐ray mammography. At present, we therefore consider that breast screening programs cannot be based on ultrasound alone. The main proven use of ultrasound is in the differential diagnosis of palpable lesions of the breast.
Renal cell carcinoma presenting as epistaxis
Authors: Kathuria Satinder , Molnar Zelma , Reyes Cesar V.
Published: February 2007

A case of renal cell carcinoma presenting as a nosebleed of three‐week duration is described. Light microscopy of a nasal lesion showed a richly vascular tumor, forming glands and uniformly consisting of clear cells. Cytochemically and ultrastructurally, the presence of abundant lipid droplets and glycogen within the neoplastic cells indicated a renal origin. An extended clinical search for a primary kidney tumor was undertaken in view of a negative intravenous tomographic pyelography and renal scan findings. An angiogram finally revealed an intrarenal mass which was proven pathologically as a renal cell carcinoma.
Surgical management of postradiation residual/recurrent cancer of the base of the tongue
Authors: Pradhan S. A. , Rajpal R. M. , Kothary P. M.
Published: February 2007

A study of 78 cases of base of the tongue cancer treated surgically for control of disease at the primary site is presented. Seventy‐four of these cases were radiation failures, surgery being resorted to as a salvage procedure. The choice of the various surgical procedures is discussed and the cure rates analysed. Thirty‐five cases required a total glossectomy, of which twenty‐six did not have removal of the larynx. The feasibility of preserving the larynx at least in younger individuals and when good nursing care is available is stressed.
Biliary colic heralding systemic relapse in non‐hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Doroshow James H. , Sears Harry , Myers Charles E. , Anderson Tom
Published: February 2007

Though lymphocytic lymphoma often presents as a disseminated disease, involvement of the gallbladder or biliary tree in the absence of jaundice is very uncommon [1]. A patient with poorly differentiated lymphoma in complete clinical remission after combination chemotherapy experienced repeated episodes of biliary colic; at laparotomy her right‐upper‐quadrant pain was found to be due to lymphomatous involvement of the common bile duct. Recurrence in nodes surrounding the biliary tree heralded by several months the onset of a systemic relapse which did not respond to further cytotoxic therapy.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in benign adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor) of the parotid gland
Authors: Baker Michael , Yuzon Daniel , Baker Burton H.
Published: February 2007

Adenolymphoma of the parotid gland is a benign tumor occurring primarily in middle‐aged males. Major texts of surgery and pathology state that this tumor is not malignant nor does it undergo malignant degeneration. This report demonstrates squamous cell carcinoma arising in a parotid adenolymphoma in a patient with no other malignancy or previous irradiation to the head and neck.
Fibrosarcoma of nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Agarwal M. K. , Gupta S. , Gupta O. P. , Samant H. C.
Published: February 2007

Involvement of nose and maxilla by fibrosarcoma is extremely rare. Only a few cases of fibrosarcoma arising in this region are reported in the world literature. Two cases of fibrosarcoma are described, and the literature relating to this disease entity is briefly reviewed. Salient features helping in the diagnosis and management of fibrosarcoma also are highlighted.
The possibilities of regression analysis application for prognosis in surgical oncology
Authors: Simonov N. N. , Bernstein M. I.
Published: February 2007

Regressive computer analysis was used for prognostic evaluation of immediate and long‐term results of radical treatment of gastrointestinal cancer of different localization. The data were derived from 1,630 patients with gastric, colonic, and rectal cancer who were radically operated upon at N.N. Petrov Oncological Research Institute, the USSR Ministry of Health.

A prognostic formula was suggested and verified for determination of the period of greatest risk of gastric cancer recurrences and metastases. Formulae were also devised for foreseeing the degrees of postoperative risk in patients with gastric, colonic, and rectal cancer.
Hepatic erythropoietin (Ep) production following double partial hepatectomy in the rat
Authors: Liu Philip , Naughton Brian A. , Kolks Gail A. , Kruger Richard E. , Piliero Sam J. , Gordon Albert S.
Published: February 2007

Double partial hepatectomy (hepx) evokes an elevation in serum erythropoietin (Ep) levels in anephric hypoxic animals when compared to non‐hypoxic or sham hepx controls. But this Ep response is significantly lower than that found in singly hepx, anephric hypoxic rats.

Double hepx also induces numerous cytological changes in the liver. Extravascular accumulation of fat, fibrous scarring, localized necroses, and multiple abscesses, as well as decreased vascularity, occur following the second hepx.

A humoral factor was detected in the serum of these animals that is capable of inducing hepatic Ep production when injected into normal rats 18 hours before nephrectomy and hypoxia. This factor, termed hepatopoietin (Hp), was previously demonstrated in the venous serum of singly hepx rats. The serum from animals subjected to double partial hepx is not as potent in inducing Ep production as the serum from singly hepx animals. The discrepancies noted between the single and double hepx groups is attributed to the necrotic cytological changes described above.
Evaluation of erythropoietic potential during pathogenesis of the shay chloroleukemia
Authors: Derelanko Michael J. , Khouri Janina A. , Meagher Richard C. , Lobue Joseph , Gordon Albert S.
Published: February 2007

To evaluate the erythropoietic potential of rats during pathogenesis of Shay chloroleukemia (SCL), SCL animals were exposed to hypoxia initiated within two hours postinduction of SCL. Increases in hematocrit (HCT) occurred in both SCL and nonleukemic controls during the first seven days of exposure. This was followed by declines in HCT in hypoxic SCL rats similar to that observed in nonhypoxic SCL animals. HCT of nonleukemic controls remained elevated throughout hypoxic exposure. Results suggested that in SCL, erythropoietic homeostatic response mechanisms are functional prior to terminal phases of this disease, whereas anemia‐producing mechanisms exceed maximum erythropoietic capacity of these animals during later stages of SCL. The HCT of most SCL rats exposed to hypoxia did not fall below 40% before death. This was in contrast to nonhypoxic SCL animals, which became severely anemic in terminal stages. No survival value was observed despite maintenance of red cell mass at or above normal. The pathogenesis of this leukemia was independent of the leukemic animal's erythropoietic potential.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Scanlon Edward F. , Volkmer Donald D. , Oviedo Miguel A. , Khandekar Janardan D. , Victor Thomas A.
Published: February 2007

The primary mode of spread of basal cell carcinoma is by direct extension. From 1894 to June 1977, 119 cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma were reported in the world literature. We wish to report five additional cases. It is our feeling that the spread of these tumors is by the interstitial route. It is standard teaching that the interstitial embolic spread of cancer does not occur, but these five cases give strong supporting evidence to the previously reported suggestion that this route of spread may be common. The concept has considerable implications regarding treatment of most cancers.
Anal gland adenocarcinoma presenting as painless scrotal swelling in a 73‐year‐old man: A case report
Authors: Honoré L. H.
Published: February 2007

A 73‐year‐old man presented with progressive painless scrotal swelling without systemic, urinary, or anorectal complaints. The scrotal lymphedema was due to massive bilateral metastatic replacement of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. The primary tumor was an inoperable, rapidly fatal adenocarcinoma arising from the anal glaänads of the upper canal. Thus, in the evaluation of scrotal swelling of obscure etiology in older patients, occult carcinomas of the anal glands must be considered and appropriate steps taken to establish the diagnosis.
A continuous cell line derived from a human primary cutaneous melanoma: Morphologic and karyologic properties
Authors: Nayak Shankar K. , Drogemuller Carol R. , Pilch Yosef H.
Published: February 2007

A continuous tissue culture cell line, JD‐MEL, derived from a primary cutaneous human malignant melanoma, is described. The cultured cells retain the characteristic epithelial morphology of the tumor of origin. The malignant nature of the cell line was demonstrated by the lack of contact inhibition, multilayered growth pattern and the ability to produce tumors in athymic BALB/c mice. Chromosome analysis revealed a near tetraploidy. Distinctive marker chromosomes and a female karyotype were present. No recognizable melanin pigment was identified in the cultured cells.
Effect of actinomycin D‐containing lipid vesicles on murine renal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kedar Amos , Mayhew Eric , Moore Robert H. , Williams Phyllis , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

Forty Balb C/CR mice inoculated with renal cell adenocarcinoma were divided into five groups. Group A (seven animals) received phosphate buffered saline intraperitoneally; group B (seven animals) received free actinomycin D 300 μg/kg IP; group C (nine animals) received lipid vesicles containing actinomycin D 300 μ/kg/kg IP; group D (eight animals) received a mixture of free actinomycin D 300 μg/kg/kg and empty lipid vesicles IP.

The median survival of group A was 32 days, of group B 30 days, of group C 45.2 days, of group D 54 days, and of group E 42 days.

It is suggested that giving the mixture of the drug and the lipid vesicles produces a balance similar to that found in a vesicle solution containing the actinomycin D. It is also suggested that liposomes slow the absorption of actinomycin D from the peritoneum.
Immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and chordoma
Authors: Harrowe David J. , Taylor Clive R.
Published: February 2007

An indirect immunoperoxidase method was used in an attempt to detect carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA) in 17 well‐differentiated colonic adenocarcinomas, five osteosarcomas, and four chordomas. Fifteen of the adenocarcinomas were positive, and five of them had been fixed and embedded in 1952 and one in 1942. Two other adenocarcinomas from 1942 were not positive. CEA was not demonstrated in any of the osteosarcomas or chordomas.
Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on tumor response to chemotherapy in experimental animals
Authors: Daly John M. , Reynolds Harold M. , Copeland Edward M. , Dudrick Stanley J.
Published: February 2007

The effects of oral and intravenous nutrition on host and tumor responses to graded doses of methotrexate (MTX) were evaluated in 150 adult Sprague‐Dawley rats. All animals were inoculated with Walker‐256 carcinosarcoma and were fed a regular diet for ten days before assigning them to three dietary groups. Group I (n = 64) received a constant intravenous infusion of 30% dextrose‐5% amino acids (IVH), group II (n = 64) received an identical solution orally ad libitum, and group III (n = 22) received a regular diet ad libitum. Animals in groups I and II were then divided into three subgroups each that received either 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, or 60 mg/kg of MTX intramuscularly. Ten days later, all surviving animals were killed. Animals fed the 30% dextrose‐5% amino acid diet orally and given 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of MTX lost slightly less body weight when compared with their IVH counterparts. In the 60 mg/kg treatment group, orally fed animals lost 52 gm of body weight compared with 23 gm in IVH animals. IVH rats given 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of MTX demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth and decreased tumor weight/body weight ratios when compared with orally fed rats. No improvement in tumor response to 60 mg/kg of MTX was observed, however, when IVH animals were compared with orally fed rats. In a second study, nutrient intake was maintained at a constant level by intravenous infusion in one group and intrajejunal infusion in another group of tumor‐bearing rats. Host and tumor responses to 20 mg/kg of MTX were similar in both groups of animals.
Primary carcinoma of female urethra: Review of 20 cases
Authors: Kamat Murali R. , Kulkarni Jagdeesh N. , Dhumale Rajendra G.
Published: February 2007

Twenty patients of primary urethral carcinoma in females are presented. Age group affected was between 40 and 60 years. Vague symptoms in early stage delayed the diagnosis in most patients. Surgery is the treatment of choice for meatal or anterior urethral lesions while combined Radiotherapy and surgery has been suggested as treatment for entire urethral lesions. In the present series 33% three years and 21% five years survivals were noted.
Characterization of Fc receptors associated with human malignant tumors
Authors: Krishnan Engikolai C. , Krishnan Leela , Jewell William R.
Published: February 2007

Fc receptors from human tumors were isolated by sucrose gradient fractionation and affinity chromatography techniques. The isolated Fc receptors showed specificity for IgG(Fc) in the closed chamber hemadsorption technique and also in the inhibition experiments using radiolabeled Fc receptors. The results indicate that Fc receptors isolated from tumor tissue are similar to Fc receptors isolated from normal human spleen, dog macrophages, and peripheral white blood cells (WBCs). However, the Fc receptors isolated from macrophages are more potent inhibitors when compared with tumor, spleen, and peripheral WBC Fc receptors. Also, Fc receptors isolated from the various sources are independent of species specificity.
Postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Tewfik H. H. , Tewfik F. A. , Latourette H. B.
Published: February 2007

Three patients who were treated successfully with postoperative external radiation therapy for ovarian carcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma and bilateral retinoblastoma respectively developed years later malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) within the irradiated field.

MFH is a recently described soft tissue sarcoma known for its dual fibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation resulting in a pleomorphic histologic appearance.
Radioiodine therapy of carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: McConnell Robert
Published: February 2007

The discovery of functioning metastases of thyroid carcinoma and their appropriate treatment with radioiodine are the keys to long‐term survival. Functioning metastases can be adequately found only if postsurgical residual normal thyroid tissue is ablated and total body scanning performed. Radioiodine treatment of functioning metastases following appropriate surgery is the treatment of choice, and long‐term follow‐up with total body scanning techniques is most important.
Therapy for Nb rat tumor transplanted in athymic mice
Authors: Drago Joseph R. , Goldman Laurence B. , Worgul Thomas , Gershwin M. Eric
Published: February 2007

Two Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinomas, 13 Pr‐12, an autonomous tumor, and 2 Pr‐128, an androgen‐dependent tumor, were transplanted into groups of congenitally athymic nude mice. The agents used for treatment of these tumors are agents characteristically not used in treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma in humans. However, these have been efficacious in treating other solid malignancies. Both agents, BCNU and Actinomycin‐D, were efficacious in producing tumor regression and in causing at least a temporary decrease in tumor growth. The combination of the Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model and nude mouse is presented as an appropriate system to screen therapeutic agents that have proved efficacious in treatment of other solid malignancies but have not been used in treating prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Primary treatment of well‐differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Block Melvin A.
Published: February 2007

Operations for well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma should be individualized on the basis of the pathologic variety and clinically demonstrated extent of carcinoma. Although precise studies have not been carried out specifically to provide treatment plans for various clinical situations, experience does provide management policies to follow currently. The basic operation is thyroid lobectomy. This appears adequate for minimal carcinoma, small (under 1.5 cm diameter) carcinoma, and low grade encapsulated follicular carcinomas of the thyroid. Extent of operation for other clinical patterns of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma is individualized to permit control of the disease in the neck. If well‐differentiated carcinoma is recognized only postoperatively, a decision for reoperation can relate to evidence of multicentricity. Improvements in autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue and diagnostic needle biopsy have permitted improvements in therapy in recent years.
A model of tumor cell dormancy: Effects of anesthesia and surgery
Authors: Varani James , Lovett Edmund J. , Lundy Joel
Published: February 2007

Three cloned populations of tumor cells obtained from a murine fibrosarcoma were able to remain viable for a long period of time in syngeneic mice which failed to exhibit clinically evident tumors following tumor cell inoculation. Viable tumor cells under such conditions can be considered to be in a dormant state. On the basis of past studies, two of the lines were shown to have low malignant potential, while the third line was shown to have a higher degree of malignant potential. The rates of spontaneous reactiviation of tumor growth in animals carrying the low malignant cells were 3 and 4%, while a rate of 30% was observed in animals with the more malignant cellw. Treatment of animals carrying the low malignant cells in a dormant state with anesthesia alone, (thiopental) or with anesthesia and surgery, increased the rate of reactivation to 20–22%.
Efforts to explain spontaneous regression of cancer
Authors: Cole Warren H.
Published: February 2007

After a study of the 176 cases (Everson and Cole) of spontaneous regression of cancer and recent progress in immunology, the author is convinced stimulation of the immune process is the most important factor in S.R. of cancer. Stimulating factors are numerous including bacterial products, enzymes, infections, hormones, trauma, etc. Of the 176 cases reported by Everson and Cole, 71 (40%) were associated with some type of operative trauma.

Since the effective anticancer agent interferon is an important protective agent (especially antiviral) in the human body, this product could readily play an important role. Immunoglobulins appear to be possible factors. The blocking and unblocking agents of the Hellströms and associates support this supposition. Elimination of carcinogens appears important, considering the remarkable disappearance of cancer of the bladder in 12 of 13 patients having diversion of the urine from the bladder to the colon by transplantation of the ureters from the bladder to the colon.

Innumerable antigens unknown to us at the present time could act as stimulants to our immune system, and thus cause regression of cancer. Hormonal factors must obviously be considered, but the author is doubtful that they exert an important role.
Choice of route for central venous cannulation: Subclavian or internal jugular vein? A prospective randomized study
Authors: Kaiser C. William , Koornick Alan R. , Smith Noel , Soroff Harry S.
Published: February 2007

The clinical need for central venous cannulation has been well established. The usual route for catheter placement is by either the subclavian or internal jugular vein. No randomized, prospective evaluation has been yet conducted to determine which of these approaches, if either, is better with respect to reliability, placement, and frequency of nonseptic complications. One hundred consecutive patients requiring elective central venous cannulation were randomized to either the subclavian or internal jugular route. Successful venipuncture and catheter passage were significantly more common with the subclavian route, and in the absence of special clinical situations, it appears to be the route of choice.
Regional chemotherapy via the pulmonary artery for pulmonary metastases
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Park H. C. , Sharma S. D. , Kanter P.
Published: February 2007

Regional chemotherapy with Adriamycin via the pulmonary artery produces significantly higher tissue levels in the infused canine lobe than systemic administration. Seven patients with soft tissue sarcomas who had received the maximum dose of Adriamycin and had shown metastatic tumor recurrence to the lungs, received small doses of 10 to 20 mg of Adriamycin in the lobar arteries supplying areas with tumor via a Swan‐Ganz catheter, temporarily occluding with its inflated balloon the infused artery. One partial objective regression was noted. A total of 56 injections of Adriamycin was given through individual lobar arteries in the seven patients. This preliminary experience indicates the feasibility and relative safety of the use of the pulmonary artery for regional chemotherapy of pulmonary malignant tumors and suggests fuflher cautious exploration of this method.
Anaplastic seminoma: An analysis of eight cases with literature review
Authors: Jose Baby , Perkins Petya Lee , Tobin Daniel A.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective analysis of 80 cases of seminomas treated at the University of Louisville Radiation Center from 1958 to 1979 has been done. Eight cases have been treated with a diagnosis of anaplastic seminoma. This study is a review of the eight cases, along with a review of literature, regarding the prognosis and management of anaplastic seminoma.