bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Young Adults
Authors: Lin Jun , Wang Kun , Chen Zuosong , Fan Xiang , Shen Liqun , Wang Yazhou , Yang Yanxiang , Huang Tao
Published: December 2017

Associations between daily physical activity (PA) and executive functioning have rarely been investigated among young adults. This study examined these associations among 162 university students (74 females and 88 males; mean age = 19.0, SD = 1.1 years). We measured PA objectively, using hip-mounted accelerometers, and assessed executive functioning in a task-switching paradigm. Anthropometrics measurements were gathered using standardized procedures. Through linear regression modeling, we found moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = −0.19, 95% CI = [−0.35, −0.03], p = .02) and light physical activity (β = −0.17, 95% CI = [−0.34, −0.01], p = .04) to be associated with smaller global reaction time switch costs. Total PA was not associated with task-switching performance, and there were no statistically significant associations between PA indicators and local switch costs. As both moderate-to-vigorous and light physical activities were associated with better executive function in young adults, there can be important cognitive benefits to remaining physically active.
Mindfulness and Suicide Ideation in Iranian Cardiovascular Patients: Testing the Mediating Role of Patience
Authors: Hashemi Razieh , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Rahmati Kankat Leila , Valikhani Ahmad
Published: December 2017

The aim of the present study was to explore the mediating role of patience on the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation. To do so, 110 patients with cardiovascular diseases were recruited from the outpatient Clinic of Imam Reza in the city of Shiraz in Iran. These patients completed The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire, Patience Scale, and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and patience ( r = .32, p < .001). There was a significant negative relationship between patience and suicide ideation ( r = −.36, p < .001). The results of mediating model showed that patience functioned as a mediator in the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation among patients with cardiovascular diseases ( β = −.33, p = .005). According to these findings, it can be claimed that mindfulness affects patients’ suicidal thoughts negatively through patience.
Rhythmanalysing marathon running: ‘A drama of rhythms’
Authors: Edensor Tim , Larsen Jonas
Published: December 2017

This paper draws on Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis to investigate the multiple rhythms of the Berlin Marathon, exemplifying and expanding understandings about the rhythms of places and mobilities. First, we discuss how isorhythmic order is imposed on the city and event by race organizers. Secondly, we show that a marathon depends upon the preparatory training or ‘dressage’ performed by the thousands who have made themselves ‘race-ready’. Thirdly, we explore the changing individual and collective rhythms that continuously emerge according to contingencies and stages of the race to compose an unfolding drama of rhythms that includes both arrhythmic and eurhythmic experiences.
Medical Assistance in Dying and Mental Health: A Legal, Ethical, and Clinical Analysis
Authors: Simpson Alexander I. F.
Published: December 2017

Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) legislation is now over a year old in Canada, and consideration is turning to whether MAiD should be extended to include serious mental illness as the sole qualifying condition for being eligible for MAiD. This article considers this question from ethical and clinical perspectives. It argues that extending the eligibility for MAiD to include those with a serious mental illness as the sole eligibility criterion is not ethical, necessary, or supported current psychiatric practice or opinion.
“Don’t Ever Give Up!” Resisting Victimhood Through Self-Defense
Authors: Jordan Jan , Mossman Elaine
Published: December 2017

Whether or not women should physically resist a male attacker has been a long-contested issue. This article enters this debate drawing on findings from an evaluation of a feminist self-defense course. It locates these data within a broader historical context to question dominant discourses around ideal femininity and explore the potential for empowerment such courses can offer, particularly for women deemed at high risk. It draws on qualitative data from interviews with course participants ( n = 15), community stakeholders ( n = 15), and self-defense instructors ( n = 7), as well as quantitative data from pre–post course evaluations ( n = 115). Findings are presented to demonstrate how participants and stakeholders from a diverse range of women’s groups experienced the program. Evidence is presented that the participation not only resulted in increased self-defense skills but importantly also the confidence and attitude to put these skills into action, if required. Factors identified as critical to the success of these courses are explored, and the implications are assessed in relation to both prevention and empowerment.
Socio-cultural Factors influencing livestock investment decisions among Smallholder Farmers in Mbulu and Bariadi Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Mayala Nyanjige Mbembela , Katundu Mangasini Atanasi , Msuya Elibariki Emmanuel
Published: December 2017

Several different actors are involved in making sure smallholder farmers are motivated to commit funds in expectation of future returns (investment decisions) from useful domesticated animals (livestock). However, efforts by the government, international organizations and the private sector have not been able to significantly increase trade trends in Tanzania’s livestock which explains that there could be a lot more reasons for that. This manuscript assesses the socio-cultural factors (SCFs) influencing livestock investment decisions among smallholder farmers in Mbulu and Bariadi districts in Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was employed where a sample of 333 respondents and 9 key informants were interviewed. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a key informant checklist. A binary logistic regression model (BLRM) was used to analyse the relationship between SCFs and livestock investment decisions. Results show that store of wealth is the most influencing factor followed by prestige, bride prices, ethnicity and number of children (significant at p < 0.05) to household livestock investment decisions. The study generally concludes that smallholder farmers consider their cultural perspectives before they decide on livestock management styles and that blending the SCFs and other factors could secure more livestock investments.
Effect of vehicle speed on the dynamics of track transitions
Authors: Labrado Palomo Miriam , Roca Barceló Fernando , Ribes Llario Fran , Real Herráiz Julia
Published: December 2017

When a railway track presents an abrupt discontinuity of vertical stiffness (e.g., due to the presence of a structure), an amplification of the dynamic forces acting on both the vehicle and the track may be expected. Therefore, diverse solutions—generally known as track transitions—have been proposed in the literature to provide a smoother stiffness change between different track sections. An extensive research has been performed in recent years in order to better understand the dynamics of track transitions as well as the processes involved. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research has fully studied the effect of vehicle speed and only one value is generally used instead of considering a wider range. Hence, this paper explicitly analyzes the effect of train speed on the vibrational performance of four transition typologies: a concrete wedge; a hot mixed asphalt wedge; a geogrid; and a soil reinforcement. The results show that mitigation capacity of all the alternatives increases with train speed, the concrete wedge being the most effective solution. Moreover, the effects on vertical vibrations of the abrupt stiffness change are found to be significant only for high train speeds (220–300 km/h). Finally, an amplification effect due to resonance has been found for the concrete transition when a vehicle speed of 100 km/h is considered.
Using the Intervention Mapping and Behavioral Intervention Technology Frameworks: Development of an mHealth Intervention for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Change
Authors: Direito Artur , Walsh Deirdre , Hinbarji Moohamad , Albatal Rami , Tooley Mark , Whittaker Robyn , Maddison Ralph
Published: December 2017

Few interventions to promote physical activity (PA) adapt dynamically to changes in individuals’ behavior. Interventions targeting determinants of behavior are linked with increased effectiveness and should reflect changes in behavior over time. This article describes the application of two frameworks to assist the development of an adaptive evidence-based smartphone-delivered intervention aimed at influencing PA and sedentary behaviors (SB). Intervention mapping was used to identify the determinants influencing uptake of PA and optimal behavior change techniques (BCTs). Behavioral intervention technology was used to translate and operationalize the BCTs and its modes of delivery. The intervention was based on the integrated behavior change model, focused on nine determinants, consisted of 33 BCTs, and included three main components: (1) automated capture of daily PA and SB via an existing smartphone application, (2) classification of the individual into an activity profile according to their PA and SB, and (3) behavior change content delivery in a dynamic fashion via a proof-of-concept application. This article illustrates how two complementary frameworks can be used to guide the development of a mobile health behavior change program. This approach can guide the development of future mHealth programs.
Cortical and functional responses to an early protocol of sensory re-education of the hand using audio–tactile interaction
Authors: Mendes Raquel Metzker , Rondinoni Carlo , Fonseca Marisa de Cássia Registro , Barbosa Rafael Inácio , Garrido Salmón Carlos Ernesto , Barbieri Cláudio Henrique , Mazzer Nilton
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Early sensory re-education techniques are important strategies associated with cortical hand area preservation. The aim of this study was to investigate early cortical responses, sensory function outcomes and disability in patients treated with an early protocol of sensory re-education of the hand using an audio-tactile interaction device with a sensor glove model.

Methods

After surgical repair of median and/or ulnar nerves, participants received either early sensory re-education twice a week with the sensor glove during three months or no specific sensory training. Both groups underwent standard rehabilitation. Patients were assessed at one, three and six months after surgery on training-related cortical responses by functional magnetic resonance imaging, sensory thresholds, discriminative touch and disability using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand patient-reported questionnaire.

Results

At six-months, there were no statistically significant differences in sensory function between groups. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, trained patients presented complex cortical responses to auditory stimulation indicating an effective connectivity between the cortical hand map and associative areas.

Conclusion

Training with the sensor glove model seems to provide some type of early cortical audio-tactile interaction in patients with sensory impairment at the hand after nerve injury. Although no differences were observed between groups related to sensory function and disability at the intermediate phase of peripheral reinnervation, this study suggests that an early sensory intervention by sensory substitution could be an option to enhance the response on cortical reorganization after nerve repair in the hand. Longer follow-up and an adequately powered trial is needed to confirm our findings.
An autumn tale: geriatric rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kobak Senol , Bes Cemal
Published: December 2017

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by erosive arthritis and systemic organ involvement. The disease may affect all ages and both sexes; usually it is seen in young women aged 25–45. Recent studies have shown that RA is among the most common inflammatory disease in older age groups. While elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) is still discussed in the literature, it is generally accepted as a disease beginning after 65 years of age. Compared with young-onset rheumatoid arthritis (YORA), it was found that EORA had different characteristics. EORA is characterized by more equal gender distribution, higher frequency of acute onset with constitutional symptoms, more frequent involvement of large joints, and lower frequency of rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity. Earlier diagnosis, less erosive disease and less disease-modifying antirheumatic drug usage were reported as distinguishing EORA from YORA patients. These various clinical presentations may cause difficulties in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of EORA. However, different clinical and treatment approaches may be needed in these patients. In this article, the clinical and laboratory characteristics, prognosis and treatment principles of EORA will be discussed in light of recent literature data.
Excess Maternal Thyroxine Alters the Proliferative Activity and Angiogenic Profile of Growth Cartilage of Rats at Birth and Weaning
Authors: Ribeiro Lorena Gabriela Rocha , Silva Juneo Freitas , Ocarino Natália de Melo , Souza Cíntia Almeida de , Melo Eliane Gonçalves de , Serakides Rogéria
Published: December 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to unravel the mechanisms by which thyroxine affects skeletal growth by evaluating proliferative activity and angiogenic profile of growth cartilage of neonatal and weanling rats.

Methods

Sixteen adult Wistar rats were equally divided into 2 groups: control and treated with thyroxine during pregnancy and lactation. The weight, measurement of plasma free T4 and thyroids, femurs’ histomorphometric analysis, and proliferative activity and angiogenic profile by immunohistochemical or real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in growth cartilage was performed. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test.

Results

The free T4 was significantly higher in the treated rats. However, the height of the follicular epithelium of the thyroid in newborns was significantly lower in the treated group. The excess maternal thyroxine significantly reduced the body weight and length of the femur in the offspring but significantly increased the thickness of trabecular bone and changed the height of the zones of the growth plate. Furthermore, excess maternal thyroxine reduced cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the growth cartilage of newborn and 20-day-old rats ( P < 0.05). There was also a reduction in the immunohistochemical expression of Tie2 in the cartilaginous epiphysis of the newborns and FLK-1 in the articular cartilage of 20-day-old rats. No significant difference was observed in Ang2 expression.

Conclusions

The excess maternal thyroxine during pregnancy and lactation reduced endochondral bone growth in the progeny and reduced the proliferation rate and VEGF, Flk-1, and Tie2 expression in the cartilage of growing rats without altering the mRNA expression of Ang1 and Ang2.
Gender Differences in Knee Joint Congruity Quantified from MRI: A Validation Study with Data from Center for Clinical and Basic Research and Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Tummala Sudhakar , Schiphof Dieuwke , Byrjalsen Inger , Dam Erik B.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Gender is a risk factor in the onset of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of the study was to investigate gender differences in contact area (CA) and congruity index (CI) in the medial tibiofemoral (MTF) joint in 2 different cohorts, quantified automatically from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design

The CA and CI markers were validated on 2 different data sets from Center for Clinical and Basic Research (CCBR) and Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). The CCBR cohort consisted of 159 subjects and the OAI subcohort consisted of 1,436 subjects. From the MTF joint, the contact area was located and quantified using Euclidean distance transform. Furthermore, the CI was quantified over the contact area by assessing agreement of the first- and second-order general surface features. Then, the gender differences between CA and CI values were evaluated at different stages of radiographic OA.

Results

Female CAs were significantly higher than male CAs after normalization, male CIs were significantly higher than female CIs after correcting with age and body mass index ( P < 0.05), consistent across the 2 data sets. For the OAI data set, the gender differences were present at all stages of radiographic OA.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the gender differences in CA and CI in MTF joints. The higher normalized CA and lower CI values in female knees may be linked with the increased risk of incidence of radiographic OA in females. These differences may help further understand the gender differences and/or to establish gender specific treatment strategies.
Neuromodulation for the treatment of eating disorders and obesity
Authors: Lee Darrin J. , Elias Gavin J.B. , Lozano Andres M.
Published: December 2017

Eating disorders and obesity adversely affect individuals both medically and psychologically, leading to reduced life expectancy and poor quality of life. While there exist a number of treatments for anorexia, morbid obesity and bulimia, many patients do not respond favorably to current behavioral, medical or bariatric surgical management. Neuromodulation has been postulated as a potential treatment for eating disorders and obesity. In particular, deep brain stimulation and transcranial non-invasive brain stimulation have been studied for these indications across a variety of brain targets. Here, we review the neurobiology behind eating and eating disorders as well as the current status of preclinical and clinical neuromodulation trials for eating disorders and obesity.
Texting in motion: Keystroke logging and observing synchronous mobile discourse
Authors: Schneier Joel , Kudenov Peter
Published: December 2017

This study explores the efficacy of keystroke logging as a method to qualitatively investigate the synchronous processes of discursive interaction through mobile devices as individuals go about their everyday lives. Heeding cautions from Boase (2013) concerning software variability across mobile technologies, as well as challenges from Ørmen and Thorhauge (2015) to use log data for qualitative research, our study offers one such methodological roadmap for observing—from the software side—the complex entanglements of humans and mobile technologies as they engage in mediated discourse. Our study draws upon keystroke analysis from the tradition of writing process research (Leijten & van Waes, 2013; Wengelin, 2006), as well as posthumanist methodologies for observing cybernetic interactions (Giddings, 2014), and extends Farman’s (2012) argument that asynchronous forms of mobile communication, such as text messaging, are performatively synchronous, since interlocutors are pulled toward embodied copresence via the mediated space. In doing so, we present a preliminary study of methods for directly observing how discursive processes manifest in-the-moment as a complex flow between human, machinic, and spatial components in a network assemblage.
Usefulness of preoperative echography for detection of lymphatic vessels for lymphaticovenous anastomosis
Authors: Hara Hisako , Mihara Makoto
Published: December 2017

Case 1: A 63-year-old woman with secondary lower limb lymphedema. As it was difficult to detect the lymphatic vessels in the right thigh in indocyanine green lymphography because of thick fat, we tried echography and observed circular structures beneath the superficial fascia. Intraoperatively, we found a dilated lymphatic vessel just as observed on echography. Case 2: A 45-year-old woman with primary lower limb lymphedema. As she was allergic to iodinated contrast medium, we could not use indocyanine green lymphography preoperatively. In echography, we found vascular architectures and found the dilated lymphatic vessels intraoperatively just as observed on echography. In conclusion, application of echography in detecting the lymphatic vessels was useful as a preoperative examination of lymphaticovenous anastomosis.
Medical Student Perceptions of Learner-Initiated Feedback Using a Mobile Web Application
Authors: Robertson Amy C , Fowler Leslie C
Published: December 2017

Feedback, especially timely, specific, and actionable feedback, frequently does not occur. Efforts to better understand methods to improve the effectiveness of feedback are an important area of educational research. This study represents preliminary work as part of a plan to investigate the perceptions of a student-driven system to request feedback from faculty using a mobile device and Web-based application. We hypothesize that medical students will perceive learner-initiated, timely feedback to be an essential component of clinical education. Furthermore, we predict that students will recognize the use of a mobile device and Web application to be an advantageous and effective method when requesting feedback from supervising physicians. Focus group data from 18 students enrolled in a 4-week anesthesia clerkship revealed the following themes: (1) students often have to solicit feedback, (2) timely feedback is perceived as being advantageous, (3) feedback from faculty is perceived to be more effective, (4) requesting feedback from faculty physicians poses challenges, (5) the decision to request feedback may be influenced by the student’s clinical performance, and (6) using a mobile device and Web application may not guarantee timely feedback. Students perceived using a mobile Web-based application to initiate feedback from supervising physicians to be a valuable method of assessment. However, challenges and barriers were identified.
Optical Density of Subretinal Fluid as a Predictive Biomarker for Eyes With Chronic Central Serous Retinopathy Treated With Eplerenone
Authors: Joshi Nisarg P. , Adam Murtaza K. , Samara Wasim A. , Shahlaee Abtin , Rahimy Ehsan , Aderman Christopher M. , Hsu Jason , Fineman Mitchell S. , Garg Sunir J.
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

To investigate how the optical density ratio (ODR) of subretinal fluid (SRF) obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with chronic central serous retinopathy (CSR), defined as symptoms >3 months, treated with eplerenone correlates with treatment response and visual outcomes.

Methods:

This retrospective, single-center observational study included patients with chronic CSR treated with eplerenone who had at least 6 weeks of follow-up. Eyes with poor-quality OCT scans, shallow SRF precluding sampling of optical density (OD), and macular pathology other than CSR were excluded. Optical density of the vitreous and SRF was measured using ImageJ and used to calculate ODR (ODR = ODSRF/ODVIT). Peak SRF height, foveal SRF height, central macular thickness (CMT), and Snellen visual acuity (VA) were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the statistical significance of applied linear regressions.

Results:

Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients met the inclusion criteria. Six (26%) eyes had complete resolution of foveal SRF (resolvers) with eplerenone treatment, and the remainder of patients had worsening or incomplete resolution (nonresolvers). Resolvers had significantly lower baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA ( P < .01) than nonresolvers. There was a positive linear correlation between ODR and logMAR VA at baseline ( R2 = 0.208; P = .03) and follow-up ( R2 = 0.206; P = .03). A significant correlation between ODR and percentage change in CMT was found ( R2 = 0.263; P = .01). Linear correlations were not found between ODR and age, peak SRF height, and foveal SRF height (all P > .125).

Conclusion:

Lower baseline ODR was associated with improved percentage change in CMT and VA in patients treated with eplerenone for chronic CSR. Optical density ratio may represent a novel prognostic biomarker that may help determine which eyes with chronic CSR may respond better to eplerenone.
A comparison of the relationship between measured acoustic response and porosity in carbonates across different geologic periods, depositional basins, and with variable mineral composition
Authors: Vanden Berg Beth , Nussbaumer Christophe , Noack Amy , Thornton John , Weger Ralf J. , Eberli Gregor P. , Michael Grammer G.
Published: December 2017

Recent work has shown that there is a predictable inverse relationship between laboratory-measured sonic velocity response and porosity in carbonates, which can be reasonably approximated using the empirical Wyllie time-average equation (WTA). The relationship was initially identified in late Cretaceous to Cenozoic age samples collected from the Great Bahama Bank and the Maiella Platform, an exhumed Cretaceous carbonate platform in Italy. We have compared older carbonate samples from different basins and different geologic ages to determine the applicability of this relationship and subsequent correlations to key petrophysical properties to other carbonate basins and other geologic time periods. The data set used for the comparison shows this relationship to be relatively consistent in other depositional basins (Michigan Basin, Paradox Basin) and with samples from older geologic periods (Pennsylvanian, Ordovician, and Mississippian). However, this basic relationship is also observed to vary significantly within a reservoir system and within a depositional basin in samples from different geologic periods (e.g., Silurian- versus Ordovician-age rocks in the Michigan Basin). Although the empirical WTA can generally be applied as a first-order estimate across a wide range of sample ages in carbonates, limited data suggest the relationship between velocity and porosity to be moderately more complex. For instance, in unconventional carbonate reservoirs characterized by predominantly micro- to nanoscale porosity, it is observed that the WTA should be applied as an upper data boundary. In addition, this study has shown that the relationship to the dominant pore type is less direct than in a macropore system in which it can be assumed that the dominant pore type also has the greatest effect on the effective permeability.
Seismic sedimentology of sand-gravel bodies on the steep slope of rift basins — A case study of the Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag, Eastern China
Authors: Zhu Xiaomin , Pan Rong , Li Shunli , Wang Hongbao , Zhang Xin , Ge Jiawang , Lu Zhiyong
Published: December 2017

A variety of genetic types of reservoirs with good hydrocarbon accumulation conditions have been developed in petroliferous rift basins. The near-provenance, coarse-grained depositional system on the steep slopes of rift basins has become an important oil and gas exploration area. However, due to the large changes in lithologies and difficulties in its identification and characterization, the challenges in oil/gas exploration are significant. Seismic sedimentology, in this case, provides an effective means of identifying and characterizing the complex, coarse-grained sediments. We use a large number of cores, logs, and seismic data and establish the third- and fourth-order sequence frameworks in the Shahejie Formation on the steep slope of the northern Dongying Sag in eastern China. Three types of lithofacies, including conglomerates, sandstones, and mudstones with 12 subspecies facies types have been identified and the relationship between different lithofacies types and depositional systems is determined. The relative changes of the lake level control the distribution of depositional systems in a sequence framework. Lowstand system tracts of SQ3 and SQ4 in the Shahejie Formation mainly developed near-shore subaqueous fans and a small number of slump turbidite fans. Small-scale offshore fans mainly develop in lacustrine transgressive systems tracts, and fan deltas, flood-type sublake fans, slump turbidite fans, and near-shore subaqueous fans mainly developed in highstand systems tracts. The study of seismic sedimentology, based on the theory of seismic lithology and seismic geomorphology, have been carried out. Stratal slices are used to identify and characterize the morphology and temporal-spatial distributions of various types of sand-gravel bodies on the steep slopes of the Dongying Sag based on core calibration and establish the model of seismic sedimentology for various types of sand-gravel bodies in different systems tracts.
Contemporary Sarcoma Diagnosis, Genetics, and Genomics
Authors: Schaefer Inga-Marie , Cote Gregory M. , Hornick Jason L.
Published: December 2017

Sarcomas include diverse mesenchymal neoplasms with widely varied prognosis, clinical behavior, and treatment. Owing to their rarity and histologic overlap, accurate diagnosis of sarcomas can be challenging. Our approach has evolved dramatically in the past few decades, where novel insights into the molecular pathogenetic basis for sarcomas has dramatically (re)shaped contemporary diagnosis, building on a largely morphology- and clinical presentation–based strategy. Examples include the introduction of novel immunohistochemical markers that serve as surrogates for molecular genetic alterations and identification of characteristic molecular alterations. Accordingly, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses, such as conventional karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and targeted sequencing, have increasingly been incorporated into the routine diagnostic work-up of these neoplasms. For those sarcomas with complex cytogenetic changes that lack specific alterations, additional testing is often directed toward identifying lines of differentiation and excluding pathognomonic (cyto-)genetic alterations. Although some gene rearrangements are diagnostic of particular sarcoma types, certain fusion partners, most notably EWSR1, are not tumor specific (and may, in fact, also be found in benign tumors). Correlation with clinical, radiologic, morphologic, and immunohistochemical findings is particularly important in tumors with such rearrangements to establish the correct diagnosis, acknowledging the inherent limitations of diagnostic tests. The recognition of sarcomas occurring in cancer predisposition syndromes is critical, with implications not only for the index patient but also potentially for family members, including the need for genetic counseling and sometimes particular types of surveillance. Together, contemporary sarcoma evaluation involves combining the initial morphologic evaluation with diagnostically relevant cytogenetic, molecular, and immunohistochemical testing methods.
Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Liposarcoma
Authors: Lee Alex Thomas John , Thway Khin , Huang Paul H. , Jones Robin Lewis
Published: December 2017

Liposarcomas are rare malignant tumors of adipocytic differentiation. The classification of liposarcomas into four principal subtypes reflects the distinct clinical behavior, treatment sensitivity, and underlying biology encompassed by these diseases. Increasingly, clinical management decisions and the development of investigational therapeutics are informed by an improved understanding of subtype-specific molecular pathology. Well-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common subtype and is associated with indolent behavior, local recurrence, and insensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma represents focal progression of well-differentiated disease into a more aggressive, metastasizing, and fatal malignancy. Both of these subtypes are characterized by recurrent amplifications within chromosome 12, resulting in the overexpression of disease-driving genes that have been the focus of therapeutic targeting. Myxoid liposarcoma is characterized by a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation that results in an oncogenic fusion protein, whereas pleomorphic liposarcoma is a karyotypically complex and especially poor-prognosis subtype that accounts for less than 10% of liposarcoma diagnoses. A range of novel pharmaceutical agents that aim to target liposarcoma-specific biology are under active investigation and offer hope of adding to the limited available treatment options for recurrent or inoperable disease.
Emerging Targeted and Immune-Based Therapies in Sarcoma
Authors: Pollack Seth M. , Ingham Matthew , Spraker Matthew B. , Schwartz Gary K.
Published: December 2017

Soft tissue and bone sarcomas are malignancies of mesenchymal origin, and more than 50 subtypes are defined. For most sarcomas, locally advanced or unresectable disease is still treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recently, our understanding of subtype-specific cancer biology has expanded, and it has revealed distinct molecular alterations responsible for tumor initiation and progression. These findings have motivated the development of targeted therapies that are being evaluated in subtype-specific or biomarker-driven clinical trials. Indeed, the spectrum of targeted drug development in sarcoma now spans many of the most active paradigms in cancer research and includes agents that target cancer-related vulnerabilities in receptor tyrosine kinases and intracellular signaling pathways, epigenetics, metabolism, nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, and many others. Our understanding of the sarcoma immune microenvironment and heterogeneous mechanisms of tumor immune evasion has also expanded. Although a subset of sarcomas appears inflamed and responsive to immune checkpoint blockade with programmed death 1 (PD-1) targeted agents, novel immunotherapies and combinations likely will be needed for most subtypes. A variety of approaches—including targeting immune checkpoints other than PD-1; modulating tumor-associated macrophage phenotype from tumor-promoting to tumor-suppressive status; using cellular-based therapies, such as chimeric antigen and high-affinity T-cell receptors to deepen the adaptive immune response; and reinvigorating older approaches, such as vaccines and oncolytic virus-based treatments—are being investigated. The goal of these new approaches is to harness subtype-specific insights into cancer and immune biology to bring more effective and less toxic treatments to the clinic for the benefit of patients with sarcoma.
Local Control of Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas
Authors: Crompton Joseph G. , Ogura Koichi , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Kawai Akira , Eilber Fritz C.
Published: December 2017

Sarcomas of soft tissue and bone are mesenchymal malignancies that can arise in any anatomic location, most commonly the extremity, retroperitoneum, and trunk. Even for lower grade histologic subtypes, local recurrence can cause significant morbidity and even disease-related death. Although surgery remains the cornerstone of local control, perioperative radiation and systemic therapy are often important adjuvants. This review will summarize the current therapeutic approaches for local control of soft tissue and bone sarcomas.
Biology and Management of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Myxofibrosarcoma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Widemann Brigitte C. , Italiano Antoine
Published: December 2017

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, myxofibrosarcomas, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are characterized by complex genomic characteristics and aggressive clinical behavior. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors may allow for the development of more-effective innovative therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapies. This review describes the current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and pathogenesis of these tumors and highlights ongoing and future research.
Assessing the Energy-Efficiency Gap
Authors: Gerarden Todd D. , Newell Richard G. , Stavins Robert N.
Published: December 2017

Energy-efficient technologies offer considerable promise for reducing the financial costs and environmental damages associated with energy use, but it has long been observed that these technologies may not be adopted by individuals and firms to the degree that might be justified, even on a purely financial basis. We survey the relevant literature on this “energy-efficiency gap” by presenting two complementary frameworks. First, we divide potential explanations for the energy-efficiency gap into three categories: market failures, behavioral explanations, and model and measurement errors. Second, we organize previous research in terms of the fundamental elements of cost-minimizing energy-efficiency decisions. This provides a decomposition that organizes thinking around four questions. First, are product offerings and pricing economically efficient? Second, are energy operating costs inefficiently priced and/or understood? Third, are product choices cost minimizing in present value terms? Fourth, do other costs inhibit more energy-efficient decisions? We synthesize academic research on these questions, with an emphasis on recent empirical findings, and offer suggestions for future research. (JEL D24, D82, L94, L98, O33, Q41, Q48)
In silico analysis of natural compounds targeting structural and nonstructural proteins of chikungunya virus
Authors: Jain Jaspreet , Kumari Anchala , Somvanshi Pallavi , Grover Abhinav , Pai Somnath , Sunil Sujatha
Published: December 2017

Background:Chikungunya fever presents as a high-grade fever during its acute febrile phase and can be prolonged for months as chronic arthritis in affected individuals. Currently, there are no effective drugs or vaccines against this virus. The present study was undertaken to evaluate protein-ligand interactions of all chikungunya virus (CHIKV) proteins with natural compounds from a MolBase library in order to identify potential inhibitors of CHIKV.

Methods:Virtual screening of the natural compound library against four non-structural and five structural proteins of CHIKV was performed. Homology models of the viral proteins with unknown structures were created and energy minimized by molecular dynamic simulations. Molecular docking was performed to identify the potential inhibitors for CHIKV. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) toxicity parameters for the potential inhibitors were predicted for further prioritization of the compounds.

Results:Our analysis predicted three compounds, Catechin-5-O-gallate, Rosmarinic acid and Arjungenin, to interact with CHIKV proteins; two (Catechin-5-O-gallate and Rosmarinic acid) with capsid protein, and one (Arjungenin) with the E3.

Conclusion:The compounds identified show promise as potential antivirals, but furtherin vitrostudies are required to test their efficacy against CHIKV.
exprso: an R-package for the rapid implementation of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Quinn Thomas , Tylee Daniel , Glatt Stephen
Published: December 2017

Machine learning plays a major role in many scientific investigations. However, non-expert programmers may struggle to implement the elaborate pipelines necessary to build highly accurate and generalizable models. We introduce exprso, a new R package that is an intuitive machine learning suite designed specifically for non-expert programmers. Built initially for the classification of high-dimensional data, exprso uses an object-oriented framework to encapsulate a number of common analytical methods into a series of interchangeable modules. This includes modules for feature selection, classification, high-throughput parameter grid-searching, elaborate cross-validation schemes (e.g., Monte Carlo and nested cross-validation), ensemble classification, and prediction. In addition, exprso also supports multi-class classification (through the 1-vs-all generalization of binary classifiers) and the prediction of continuous outcomes.
Feature determination from powered wheelchair user joystick input characteristics for adapting driving assistance
Authors: Gillham Michael , Pepper Matthew , Kelly Steve , Howells Gareth
Published: December 2017

Background: Many powered wheelchair users find their medical condition and their ability to drive the wheelchair will change over time. In order to maintain their independent mobility, the powered chair will require adjustment over time to suit the user's needs, thus regular input from healthcare professionals is required. These limited resources can result in the user having to wait weeks for appointments, resulting in the user losing independent mobility, consequently affecting their quality of life and that of their family and carers. In order to provide an adaptive assistive driving system, a range of features need to be identified which are suitable for initial system setup and can automatically provide data for re-calibration over the long term.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed to collect information from powered wheelchair users with regard to their symptoms and how they changed over time. Another group of volunteer participants were asked to drive a test platform and complete a course which represented manoeuvring in a very confined space as quickly as possible. Two of those participants were also monitored over a longer period in their normal home daily environment. Features, thought to be suitable, were examined using pattern recognition classifiers to determine their suitability for identifying the changing user input over time.

Results: The results are not designed to provide absolute insight into the individual user behaviour, as no ground truth of their ability has been determined, they do nevertheless demonstrate the utility of the measured features to provide evidence of the users’ changing ability over time whilst driving a powered wheelchair.

Conclusions: Determining the driving features and adjustable elements provides the initial step towards developing an adaptable assistive technology for the user when the ground truths of the individual and their machine have been learned by a smart pattern recognition system.
Anthology of Russian natural legal thought. vol. 3. The Russian natural legal thought in the first half of the twentieth century
Authors: Чернявский Александр , CHyernyavskiy Alyeksandr , Куницын Александр , Kunicyn Aleksandr , Воронцов Андрей , Voroncov Andrey
Published: December 2017

In the third volume of the anthology contains the proposed evaluation of philosophical and legal views, but also presented entirely or in fragments of works by outstanding Russian scholars I. A. Pokrovsky, I. V. Michael, P. G. Vinogradov, F. V. Taran, A. S. Yashchenko, written or published in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Their authors belong to a generation of proponents of natural law in Russia who had to experience all the hardships of the revolution, the civil war and long years of exile. Many of them did not have a chance to once again see their Homeland, but they were not broken in spirit, remained patriots showed exceptional creativity, their works has greatly enriched the Russian natural legal thought and made a worthy contribution to the Golden Fund of Russian legal science. Their names for many years was unjustly put to almost complete oblivion, and works properly is still not understood and not appreciated. The present publication is intended to promote the "return" to their names.
The edition is addressed to students, graduate students, University professors and anyone interested in the history of Russian legal thought.
A pesca extrativista marinha no porto de Atafona, São João da Barra - RJ: Passado e Presente
Authors: Filippo Gonzalez Neves dos Santos Alejandra , De Carvalho Bonfim Bruno , Di Beneditto Ana Paula
Published: December 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar as informações atuais sobre a pesca extrativa marinha no porto de Atafona, município de São João da Barra, RJ com a pesca na região a 15 anos atrás. Atualmente, há 133 embarcações em operação distribuídas nas seguintes modalidades de pesca: a) divisão das redes - arrasto, cerco e emalhe; e b) divisão das linhas - de mão e espinhel. Segundo os pescadores, os principais fatores que afetam a condução da atividade na região são: aumento no esforço pesqueiro, redução do volume de pescado, alteração nos campos de pesca preferenciais, aumento nos custos da atividade e concorrência com embarcações de outros locais. As principais mudanças temporais identificadas no estudo são: incremento da tecnologia pesqueira e da capacidade de captura das embarcações, variações nas modalidades de pesca e alteração no tamanho da malha das redes de emalhe. Estudos e medidas de manejo pesqueiro devem ser realizados para garantir a manutenção dos estoques locais em níveis viáveis de exploração, minimizando os impactos da pesca e de outras atividades antrópicas.
Discovery of misleading graph titles at many places of the traditional scientific literature
Authors: Bhattacharjee Pramode
Published: December 2017

This paper emphasizes the urgent need of making use of well-defined self-explanatory graph title in representing a graph in graph drawing. A lot of misleading graph titles, none of which is in accordance with the traditional convention in regard to assignment of title to a graph, has been found to prevail at many places of the traditional scientific literature. With a view to ensuring quality graphing, urgent need of getting rid of those misleading graph titles with simultaneous incorporation of self-explanatory ones (following traditional convention in the said context) has also been emphasized.
Warehouse design: a systematic literature review
Authors: Da Cunha Reis Augusto , Gomes de Souza Cristina , Nogueira da Costa Nayara , Cordeiro Stender Gustavo Henrique , Senna Vieira Pedro , Domingues Pizzolato Nélio
Published: December 2017

Abstract: This study proposes improving the understanding of the main aspects involved in the design of warehouses by the construction of a framework that reveals the state-of-art.  The initial research bibliography generated a framework, which was structured in three dimensions: inputs; design and implementation; and outputs. The validation of framework was accomplished through a systematic review of the literature, covering 68 articles published in the period 1999- 2015. This study covered the main aspects highlighted in the academic literature that influence the design of warehouses. Additionally, an overview of the publications based on a theoretical/empirical and a quantitative/qualitative approach was pointed out. This paper aims to contribute to both industry and academic. On the one hand, the framework aggregates value for professionals by permitting the rapid identification of variables, which must be considered in warehouse design. On the other hand, by systematizing the warehouse design area, researchers are able to identify gaps that may generate future studies.
$AV€ – Web System to Support the Teaching and Learning Process in Engineering Economics
Authors: Donizetti de Lima José , Bennemann Márcio , Puttow Southier Luiz Fernando , Batistus Dayse Regina , Adamczuk Oliveira Gilson
Published: December 2017

Considering that the teaching and learning process of Engineering Economics (EE) has limitations regarding the tools used, this article aims at presenting a web system to assist in this process, with emphasis on the economic viability analysis of Investment Projects (IPs). This system, called $AV€