bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Минеральная плотность и микроархитектура костной ткани позвоночника (данные TBS) и особенности телосложения у пожилых украинских женщин с переломами тел позвонков
Authors: Povoroznyuk V. , Dzerovych N. , Povoroznyuk R.
Published: March 2019

Остеопороз и саркопения являются наиболее частыми нарушениями костно-мышечной системы у пожилых людей. Частота переломов, а также их количество увеличиваются вследствие старения населения. В недавних исследованиях было показано, что низкая скелетная мышечная масса связана с низкими структурными параметрами кости и нарушениями равновесия у пожилых людей. Цель данного исследования: оценить минеральную плотность костной ткани (МПКТ), показатель качества трабекулярной костной ткани (trabecular bone score — TBS) и телосложение у женщин в зависимости от наличия остеопоротических переломов позвоночника (ОПП). Мы изучили данные 171 женщины в возрасте 65–89 лет (средний возраст — 73,12 ± 0,39 года). Пациентки были разделены на группы в зависимости от наличия ОПП: A — отсутствие ОПП (n = 105), Б — наличие ОПП (n = 66). С помощью двухфотонного рентгеновского денситометра (Prodigy, GE) определяли МПКТ на уровне всего скелета, поясничного отдела позвоночника, шейки бедренной кости, предплечья, массу жировой и обезжиренной ткани и проводили рентгеноморфометрический анализ тел позвонков. Аппендикулярную обезжиренную массу (АОМ) измеряли на уровне всех четырех конечностей с использованием двухэнергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии. Также вычисляли индекс аппендикулярной обезжиренной массы (ИАОМ) согласно формуле: ­ИАОМ = АОМ, кг/рост, м2 (кг/м2). TBS (L1-L4) определяли с помощью программного пакета TBS iNsight®, установленного на указанном денситометре (Med-Imaps, Pessac, Франция). Для обработки данных использовали программу Statistiсa© 6.0 StatSoft, Inc. Достоверность устанавливали при p < 0,05. Обнаружено, что следующие показатели были достоверно ниже у пациенток с ОПП по сравнению с женщинами без ОПП: МПКТ всего скелета, позвоночника, шейки бедренной кости, 33 % отдела костей предплечья, TBS, жировая масса всего тела, АОМ и ИАОМ (p < 0,05). Частота пресаркопении была достоверно выше у пациенток с остеопорозом (21,2 %) и остео­пенией (21,5 %) по сравнению с женщинами, у которых МПКТ была в пределах возрастной нормы (6,7 %). Частота пресаркопении составляла 2 % у женщин без ОПП и 14 % — при ОПП. Таким образом, у пациенток с ОПП показатели МПКТ, TBS, жировой и обезжиренной массы были достоверно ниже по сравнению с женщинами без ОПП.
Клиническая эффективность урсодезоксихолевой кислоты в комплексном лечении больных ожирением и гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью
Authors: Sirchak Ye.S.
Published: March 2019

Актуальность. Нарушения в организме больных с ожирением носят системный метаболический характер, в том числе негативно влияют на состояние органов желудочно-кишечного тракта. Установлена связь ожирения с такими заболеваниями органов пищеварения, как стеатоз печени и поджелудочной железы, желчнокаменная болезнь, а также с гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью (ГЭРБ). Назначение урсодезоксихолевой кислоты (УДХК) в составе комплексной терапии больных ожирением и ГЭРБ является патогенетически обоснованным с учетом ее способности влиять на метаболические процессы в организме, а также ее протективной роли в отношении слизистой оболочки верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта при воздействии агрессивного рефлюктата. Цель: изучить клиническую эффективность препарата УДХК (Урсофальк) в комплексном лечении больных ожирением и ГЭРБ. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 94 больных с ожирением различной степени и ГЭРБ. Обследованные разделены на две клинические группы: I группа больных (n = 44) на фоне изменения образа жизни, соблюдения диетических рекомендаций получила стандартное лечение ГЭРБ с использованием ингибитора протонной помпы; II группа больных (n = 50), кроме вышеуказанного лечения, дополнительно получила препарат УДХК Урсофальк («Др. Фальк Фарма ГмбХ», Германия) в течение 3 месяцев. Результаты. ГЭРБ у больных ожирением с частотой до 40,9 % случаев проявляется внепищеводной симптоматикой. Назначение ингибитора протонной помпы в сочетании с УДХК у больных ожирением приводит к существенному снижению изжоги, проявлений дисфагии, а также внепищеводных проявлений рефлюксной болезни уже в конце 2–4 недели лечения. Комплексная терапия с использованием УДХК у обследованных больных также способствовала уменьшению массы тела (до 5 кг за один месяц лечения), преимущественно при ожирении I и II степеней. Выводы. Использование Урсофалька в комплексном лечении больных ГЭРБ при ожирении является патогенетически обоснованным средством уменьшения и нормализации клинических проявлений заболевания, особенно их внепищеводных форм. Комплексная терапия больных ГЭРБ и ожирением на фоне модификации образа жизни и диетических рекомендаций должна включать препарат УДХК для более быстрой, эффективной и безопасной нормализации массы тела с продолжительностью лечения минимум 3 месяца.
Иммунологическая реактивность у больных хроническими диффузными заболеваниями печени
Authors: Tatarchuk O.M. , Didenko V.I. , Melanich S.L. , Kudryavtseva V.Ye.
Published: March 2019

Цель: оценить состояние основных показателей клеточного иммунитета и уровень цитокинов у больных хроническими диффузными заболеваниями печени (ХДЗП). Материалы и методы. Обследовано 68 пациентов с ХДЗП, которые были распределены на 4 группы в зависимости от этиологических факторов формирования и прогрессирования стеатоза и фиброза печени: І группа — 36 больных неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени; ІІ группа — 13 больных хроническим вирусным гепатитом, ассоциированным с вирусом С; ІІІ группа — 14 больных алкогольной болезнью печени, ІV группа — 5 больных токсическим гепатитом. Проводили изучение основных показателей клеточного иммунитета и уровня интерлейкина (ИЛ) 6, ИЛ-10 и фактора некроза опухоли альфа. Результаты. У 83,3 % больных I группы, 76,9 % больных II группы и половины больных III группы наблюдали значительное снижение Т-хелперной субпопуляции. Недостаточность клеточного иммунитета у больных с ХДЗП способствует формированию стеатоза. У 69,2 % больных II группы установленные нарушения иммунорегуляции указывают на персистенцию вируса гепатита С и, как следствие, развитие фиброза. Согласно полученным результатам, у больных I, II и IV групп концентрация фактора некроза опухоли альфа достоверно превышает контрольные значения в 6,9, 7,9 и 11,0 раза соответственно (р < 0,05). Уровень ИЛ-6 достоверно выше в 3,9 раза (р < 0,05) у больных I группы по сравнению с IV группой больных. Это указывает на прогрессирование иммунопатологического процесса и является патогенетическим признаком неадекватности функционирования иммунной системы при ХДЗП. Выводы. Установлено, что прогрессирование стеатоза печени сопровождается недостаточностью клеточного звена иммунитета и повышением уровня провоспалительных цитокинов.
Легочные поражения у ВИЧ-положительных лиц (краткий обзор)
Authors: Tsiko O.V. , Kozko V.M.
Published: March 2019

Легочная патология у ВИЧ-положительных лиц занимает ведущее место в структуре оппортунистических заболеваний. Частота возникновения заболеваний нижних дыхательных путей возрастает по мере углубления уровня иммунодефицита. Диагностика и дифференциальная диагностика поражений легочной системы представляют определенные трудности при уровне CD4+-лимфоцитов менее 200 клт/мкл. Рассмотрены клиника, диагностика и дифференциальная диагностика патологии нижних дыхательных путей у ВИЧ-положительных лиц, которая наиболее часто встречается в структуре легочной патологии на современном этапе в Украине. Существует необходимость создания универсального протокола ранней и дифференциальной диагностики поражения легких с целью улучшения качества лечения данной категории больных.
Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности течения ротавирусной инфекции и обоснование ее профилактики у детей
Authors: Yushchenko L.O. , Oniskova O.V. , Tikholaz V.О. , Odnorogova G.G. , Gordiychuk O.O. , Bulavenko V.I.
Published: March 2019

Установлено, что ротавирусная инфекция занимает большую долю среди инфекционных гастроэнтеритов у детей раннего возраста с повышением заболеваемости в зимне-весенний период. Изучены основные клиникодиагностические характеристики ротавирусного гастроэнтерита. Среди клинических проявлений у детей преобладали диспептические проявления, симптомы интоксикации и дегидратации. Было выяснено, что ни один из госпитализированных пациентов не получал специфической профилактики данной инфекции, тогда как наиболее эффективным и безопасным методом профилактики является вакцинация. Именно поэтому должны быть рассмотрены пути внедрения вакцинации против ротавирусной инфекции в Украине.
Случай герпесвирусной инфекции на фоне хронической болезни почек и трансплантации почки от родственного донора
Authors: Nykytyuk S.O. , Haliyash N.B. , Yevtushenko S.V. , Borys Z.Ya.
Published: March 2019

В статье представлен клинический случай герпесвирусной инфекции, развившейся у мальчика 14 лет на фоне хронической болезни почек V степени с хронической почечной недостаточностью IV ст., состояние после трансплантации почки от родственного донора. Особенностью представленного клинического случая является необходимость оценки рисков и принятия решения по лечению пациента, так как почечная недостаточность является противопоказанием для назначения противовирусных препаратов (в частности, ацикловира).
Рівень експресії топоізомерази ІІα як прогностичний показник у хворих на рак молочної залози (огляд літератури)
Authors: Samusieva A.A.
Published: March 2019

Топоізомерази є важливими ферментами, що забезпечують цілісність геному. Вони є мішенню антрациклінових антибіотиків, що використовуються при хіміотерапії раку молочної залози. У статті розглядається ряд досліджень, у яких вивчали зв’язок між топоізомеразою ІІα і чутливістю до хіміотерапії антрацикліновими антибіотиками у хворих на рак молочної залози, однак прогностична цінність цього маркера досі залишається суперечливою.
WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN ENGLISH NEW WORDS OF OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY (OED) ONLINE
Authors: Ratih Elisa , Gusdian Rosalin Ismayoeng
Published: March 2019

The aims of this study were to identify the processes of word formation in English new words and to know which word formation processes were the most productive one(s). The researcher used qualitative research design in order to obtain the data from the document of OED online. OED online is the online dictionary which consists of list of English new words. Therefore, the research object was the lists of English new words from year 2012-2016. Document analysis was used as the instrument to collect the data. The data were presented in the form of table. The findings of this study showed that there are some processes in creating English new words, such as a) affixation, b) folk etymology, c) compounding, d) abbreviation, e) acronyms, f) borrowing, g) blending, h) clipping, i) back-formation. Besides, there are also found the double word formation processes, such as j) folk etymology + compounding, k) compounding + affixation, m) blending + affixation, n) clipping + blending. The result showed that the most productive process of creating English new words was affixation.
Dynamic Coefficients or Response Spectra of Structures to Earthquake?
Authors: Kurbatsky Evgeny N. , Mondrus Vladimir L.
Published: March 2019

There are big differences in definition of the seismic input in the norms of the Russian Federation code and in the foreign countries standards. Almost all normative documents and guidelines for the earthquake resistance analysis of structures in technically developed countries of the world used the concept of the response spectra concept.

In the norms of the former USSR and the Russian Federation to assess the seismic effects used and continues to use the concept of "spectral coefficient of dynamism" - β. We believe that the concept is erroneous. The use of bad and erroneous terms can not only complicate the understanding of the phenomenon, but also lead to wrong decisions. Such unsuccessful terms include the terms "dynamic coefficients" used in the norms of the Russian Federation in the calculation of seismic resistance.

The displacements, velocities, or accelerations response spectra to earthquakes have a clear and understandable physical meaning. The response spectra can be represented in Codes in a standard site-independent form. Site-specific response spectra can be developed if the sites have some specific properties. For soft soil sites, characterized by soils having alow shear wave velocity or for facilities within 15 km of active faults.

What are the "dynamic coefficients" for seismic effects is not clear. None of the codes of the Russian Federation (SP 14.13330.2018, SP 268.1325800.2016, etc.) does not provide a definition of the "dynamic coefficient" for seismic effects. It can be noted that in the monographs of Russian authors there are neither definitions of dynamic factors for earthquakes, nor methods for their developing.

The concept of "dynamic coefficients" should be excluded from the normative documents, replacing them with response spectra.
The Influence of Transport Load on Quality of Repair Works of Non-Rigid Pavements with Application by a Jet-Injection Method
Authors: Piletsky Mikhail E. , Zubkov Anatoly F. , Andrianov Konstantin A. , Porozhenko Marianna A.
Published: March 2019

Increased traffic intensity and increased axial Load from vehicles on road surfaces contribute to the formation of defects in the form of potholes and cracks. To improve the service Life and traffic safety timely care of the coating is required. Untimely work Leads to a decrease in the service Life of the pavement. The use of a jet-injection method of repair of road surfaces aLLows to perform work quickLy with minimaL cost in reLation to other methods of repair.

The articLe considers the process of eLimination of defects on non-rigid road surfaces with the use of bitumen-mineraL mixtures by a jet-injection method. The resuLts of experimentaL studies carried out in the course of repair work on the second technicaL category road with high traffic intensity and increased axiaLLoad from vehicLes are presented. It was found out that the formation of the structure of the bitumen-mineraL mixture in the pothoLe of the road surface occurs over a reLativeLy Long period of time. Under the influence of contact stresses under the tire of the car, there are deformations of the material, the excess of whichLeads to its decompression.

It is experimentaLLy proved that in order to increase the serviceLife of the repaired road surface, additionaL compaction of the bitumen-mineraL mixture is necessary. It was found that the excessLoad on the Layer of bitumen-mineraL mixture in the pothoLe coating at the stage of formation of its structure above the tensiLe strength contributes to the formation of pLastic deformations and reduce the required compaction coefficient. To improve the quaLity of repair work, it is necessary to Limit the axiaLLoad of vehicLes on the surface of the pothoLe for 20-30 days during the formation of the structure of the Laid materiaL in the pothoLe of the road surface.
Old Believers' Churches Built According to the Projects of E. Bondarenko in Moscow and Moscow Province
Authors: Kirichenko Evgenia I.
Published: March 2019

The article contains a brief description of the four Old Believers' churches, built according to the designs of architect I.E. Bondarenko (three in Moscow and one in Moscow province) in the second half of the 1900s - the first half of the 1910s. The very possibility of building Old Believers' churches was a direct consequence of the revolutionary events unfolding in Russia and October 17, 1906, Supreme Decree on Religious Freedom, for the first time since Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Nikon, giving the Old Believers equal rights with the dominant church.

The issuance of this decreeled to the explosive volume of Old Believer construction in Russia, including Moscow, which in the second half of the 18th century became the true capital of Russian Old Believers. For Bondarenko, the issuance of this decree also became fateful. For the decade of 1906-1916 (in February 1917, a revolution began in Russia that put an end to this construction), the design of Old Believers' churches became the main business of the architect. According to his projects, 12 churches were built, including four described in the article published below.
The Concept of Potential Spatial Frameworks of Historical Settlements
Authors: Gelfond Anna L.
Published: March 2019

The topic of the article arose on the basis of the current promises of recent times, which largely determine the creative tasks of both practicing architects and scientists in the field of theory and history of architecture: the implementation of the priority project "The formation of a comfortable urban environment", the all-Russian contest "Historical settlements and small towns", the formation in the Russian Federation of a newlist of historical settlements, which is being worked on by the Association "Russian province" scientific and expert Council. The article introduces the concept of "potential spatial framework of historical settlement", which is formed as an integral one on the basis of natural-ecological, historical- cultural, social and business spatial frameworks of the city. Depending on the "dominant" dictating a particular type of potential spatial framework, it can be museum and exhibition, cultural and educational, pilgrimage, tourist, ethnographic, etc. Frameworks nodes fix respectively valuable natural landscapes, objects of cultural heritage, elements of the system of service. Axes - transport and pedestrian communications carried out at different hierarchical levels: connection of cultural heritage objects in a historical settlement; connection of transit public spaces; communication within districts; connection of historical settlements with each other; their connection with a large city. Public space is considered as a typological unit of the architectural environment; which merged its natural, historical and social components. In the creation of potential spatial frameworks in small historical cities and historical centers oflarge cities, where the basis of spatial development are monuments of architecture and it is possible to implement the principle of continuity of the public spaces, the approach to the revitalization of historical settlements is seen.
The Revival of Rural Settlements and Cultural Landscape
Authors: Petrova Zoya K. , Dolgova Victoria O.
Published: March 2019

The relevance of the topics investigated due to acute socioeconomic problems of extinction of Russian villages. Desertification is in the process of disappearance ten thousand villages, which continues its devastating pace. The article addressed the issue of the revival of Russian villages, construction, and upgrading of rural settlements based on the realization of the Federal program "sustainable development of rural territories in the years 2014-2017 and for the period up to 2020". Revival and construction of rural settlements today mainly involves the development of agricultural holdings on the basis of which will be established equipped agricultural town. Any country associated with a particular way of perceiving not only significant monuments of its culture and architecture but also the types of rural settlements. The village is not a business project; and thelifestyle of a Russian man, a certain way of all cultural, social and economic relations.

Currently, the increase of rural settlements and revitalizing rurallife is happening on several fronts: a) building settlements with agro holdings; b) farms; c) creating few ecovillage; d) Renaissance village through the townspeople-truckers as a new phenomenon. Types of rural settlements in Russia are very diverse. They are, first and foremost, thelandscape of the countryside, the direction of agricultural production, ethnic features. In residential areas with recreational and cultural potentials, farms should be promoted and personal subsidiary farms, which will focus on quality and a variety of agricultural products. The revival of villages and rural areas concerned, first and foremost, the provincial small farmsteads landlords "high hand", little knownlocations of handicrafts.

It is proposed to simplify thelegislation documents for the category of "noteworthy" in relation to the territories of rural settlements with historical and cultural potential.
On the New "Manual on Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures (in Elaboration of Formulary SP 266.13330.2016 "Composite Steel and Concrete Structures. Design Rules")"
Authors: Krylov Sergey B. , Semenov Vladimir A. , Konin Denis V. , Krylov Alexey S. , Rozhkova Lidiya S.
Published: March 2019

The paper provides a brief overview of domestic and foreign guidelines (manuals) for the design of composite steel and concrete structures: steel-concrete slabs on profiled flooring, combined beams, and columns with rigid reinforcement. The necessity of creation of the actual manual corresponding to the modernlevel of development of construction science, normative documents and design practiceslinked to the new formulary SP 266.1325800.2016 is proved. It will facilitate the design, reduce labor expenditures and improve the reliability of composite steel and concrete structures. The new guidance provides general recommendations for the design of composite steel and concrete structures and the basic regulations for the calculations. The new guidance describes recommendations for modeling of composite steel and concrete structures and elements in the calculated complexes, the recommendations for calculation of combined beams fully concreting rectangular and T-section, partially concreting along with support slab on the lower flange of the beam, columns with rigid reinforcement, shear a connection of composite beams. Recommendations on the registration of creep, shrinkage and crack formation in the appointment of the modulus of elasticity are given. Recommendations on the use of diagrams of the state of concrete, reinforcement, and steel in the calculation of steel-concrete elements on a nonlinear deformation model are given. Recommendations on the use of the range of sheet flooring for steel-reinforced concrete slabs, as well as metal profiles as steel beams and rigid reinforcement in the cross sections of columns and combined beams, are presented. Recommendations on a design of units and details of composite steel and concrete structures are given, refined recommendations on buffer are presented. The examples of connection of steel beams with columns with rigid reinforcement are given. The examples of calculation of composite steel and concrete structures taking subject to the recommendations given in the Manual are presented.
Mexico’s energy reform: experience and lessons of the energy sector transformation in South America
Authors: Ojeda Kalluni Elvis , Chadaeva Elmira A
Published: March 2019

The study of fuel and energy complex of Mexico occupies a very important place in the world’s leading research centers. Among Russian and foreign studies there are a number of works that consider the problems and peculiarities of fuel and energy complex of the countries of Latin America including Mexico. This article is devoted to the analysis of Mexico’s energy reform and use their experiences to transform the energy sector of the countries of South America. Presents the history of the Mexican energy reform. Discusses basic principles of energy reform and energy security of the country. It also examines the factors that Mexico should include in its energy policy and management system to ensure the safe delivery of energy across the country. Offers a brief overview of the current state of TEK of Mexico. Mexico has a large and varied potential for producing energy from renewable sources. With the recent opening of the energy sector, the country has the necessary conditions to attract major investments to develop projects on renewable energy. The liberalization of the sector allows Mexico to meet the growing energy demand and to diversify its productive matrix, creating at the same time as energy security and reduce greenhouse gases, positively affecting the environment. Reform of the energy sector of Mexico and the analysis of the sector in this country can be of great importance for the transformation of the energy sector in many countries of the region, especially in places such as Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela.
Support tools of Russia’s oil and gas industry under western sanctions restrictions
Authors: Chernyaev Maxim V , Korenevskaya Anna V
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the possibilities of promoting the development of the Russian’s oil and gas industry in the current unstable political and economic conditions. The analysis of tools and mechanisms to support the oil and gas industry to ensure energy independence and improve energy security of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation through import substitution of critical technologies, development of legislative and tax measures to stimulate the development of the Russian state company. The authors of the study assess the effectiveness of state and corporate import substitution plans, external trade contracts and markets, as well as provide a forecast of possible ways of development of the oil and gas complex of Russia, taking into account sanctions restrictions, fuel prices and in the future competition with alternative energy sources. The implementation of effective state support for the Russian’s oil and gas industry can contribute to the development of scientific and technological potential of companies to implement the import substitution program, as well as to strengthen the position of the Russian Federation in the global system of energy resources.
Evolution of the spatial structure of the urban system of settlement in the coastal zones of European Russia
Authors: Sukhinin Sergey A
Published: March 2019

The study of the development of settlement systems has traditionally been included in sphere of public geography and regional economics. Based on statistical material, the author characterizes the urban system of settlement in coastal zones of European part of Russia. The author analyzes the structural differences between the Northern and Southern coastal macrozones, the features of cities location and their functional specialization. Is emphasized the role of “sea factor” in the history of origin and development, the dynamics of population of coastal cities. The author shows the dominant influence of demographic, socio-economic and administrative factors on evolution of spatial structure on the urban settlement system in the coastal zones of European Russia in recent decades. Conclusions are drawn about polarization of the urban settlement system in direction of population concentration in urban agglomerations and strengthening of their role in social and economic development.
Ethno-demographic position of Serb population in Republic of Slovenia after the dissolution of former Yugoslavia
Authors: Medar-Tanjga Irena
Published: March 2019

The problem of Serb population in Republic of Slovenia is a paradigm of all the problems that have arisen with the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Political and geographic processes during this disintegration led to the creation of new political and territorial subjectivities, with significantly changed conditions of ethno-cultural and ethno-demographic development. Serbs who lived in the same country now are living in Diaspora with limiting institutional framework of development. The contemporary ethno-demographic position of Serbs in Slovenia is conditioned by numerous regional (Balkan) and local determinants. The number of Serbs, territorial arrangement, their awareness of ethnic affiliation, mutual relations within the community, relations with the country in which they live, relations with the states they came from, all together with the influences of surroundings, are essential elements of their position in Slovenia. This position was different in different historical epochs and required different forms of action to preserve the ethnic identity of this community. Serbs in Slovenia went from constituency and equality to ignorance and eradication, they have not been officially recognized as minority, although the existence of an indigenous community in Bela Krajina presents a historical basis for their better status. Minority status is very important, although for the preservation and development of national and cultural identity is not decisive. Namely, apart from legal regulations, stable and favorable social and political circumstances are needed to preserve the identity of each minority.
Role of Iranian immigrants in Iran - Russia trade development
Authors: Afzali Mehdi
Published: March 2019

Migration and international trade are two important dimensions of globalization. Migration plays an important role in development of countries. Immigrants send their remittances, ideas, innovation and investments to their home countries. Migrants can influence on countries’ trade, they are able to decrease the transactional costs for companies willing to trade. In this article has been tried to study the case of Iranian immigrants in Russia. We can see that Iranians have migrated mostly to developed countries such as USA, Europe, Australia, Canada and part of them have migrated to the Persian Gulf countries. And of course many of these immigrants have high levels of economic, human, social, and cultural potential, which can be used for social and economic development of the country. Iranians have migrated to two kinds of countries. First, those who are developed and second those with high income which have the potential of trade with Iran. When we look at these two groups they either migrated to American and European countries, which this group has a high educated and human capital background or they migrated to neighbor Persian Gulf countries that they have mostly strong economic backgrounds which increased the chance of trade. In this article Iranian businessmen have been interviewed and they have explained their roles in trade, and if they had any advantages in comparison with those in the home country.
A CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY IN SOLVING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS THROUGH PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Maulidia Farrah , Johar Rahmah , Andariah Andariah
Published: March 2019

Creativity could be interpreted as a person's cognitive abilities in solving problems by bringing up new ideas. The problems of students’ math achievement lows are math presented as a finished product, ready to use, abstract and taught mechanistically. This case can be lead to the creativity of the less developed students because students are not given the opportunity to think and use their ideas in solving mathematical problems. Problem Based Learning Model is a learning model that emphasizes the concept and information outlined from the academic discipline. The purpose of this study is to analyzed students’ creativity in solving mathematical problems through Problem Based Learning model (PBL) in class VIII-1 MTsN Model Banda Aceh. Data gained based on the students’ worksheet in groups. The data acquisition is categorized into 5 levels (highest level 4 and lowest level 0) which is analyzed descriptively. The results are three groups were at level 4 with very creative categories, one group is at level 3 with a creative category and another group is at level 2 with deeply creative enough category. To the conclusion is PBL model could cultivate the students’ creativity in solving mathematical problems.
Tanshinone IIA ameliorates acute lung injury by inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Chen Tianyu , Qin Shaoyun , Dai Ying
Published: March 2019

Tanshinone IIA is the phenanthrenequinone derivative extracted from the perennial plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (red sage). We investigated whether inhibition of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediates the protective effect of tanshinone IIA in acute lung injury (ALI) induced in rats by oleic acid (OA) injection. Compared with the control treatment, OA injection induced pulmonary histological impairment, increased the lung wet/dry weight ratio (7.0?1.1 vs 4.?0.6 ) and CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) (52?6.4 vs 40?3.6 mmHg), decreased arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) (63?8.4 vs 100?3.0 mmHg), and increased tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF?) (8.8?2.3 vs 5.2 ?1.5 pg/mL), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (36.1?4.9 vs 25.2?6.6 pg/mL) and interleukin-1? (IL-1?) (15.9?3.2 vs 4.6?1.3 pg/mL) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Tanshinone IIA provided protection against ALI, observed as a reduction in the lung wet/dry weight ratio and CO2 partial pressure, and increased O2 partial pressure. The cytokine increase was also prevented. Tanshinone IIA attenuated increased protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1? in pulmonary tissues, suggesting that it ameliorates ALI by preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Biochemical Urine Testing of Adherence to Cardiovascular Medications Reveals High Rates of Nonadherence in People Attending Their Annual Review for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Patel Prashanth , Gupta Pankaj , Burns Angela , Suwaidan Ali A. , Cole Richard , Lane Dan , Seidu Samuel , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE

Liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a new method to objectively and robustly detect nonadherence. We applied this technique to study nonadherence to cardiovascular medications in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Routine urine samples, received at the time of the annual diabetes review from 228 people with T2DM in primary care, were assessed for adherence by LC-MS/MS.

RESULTS

A total of 28.1% patients (N = 64) were nonadherent to antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and/or lipid-lowering medications. Nonadherence to statins was the highest at 23.7%, and nonadherence to oral hypoglycemic agents was 9.3%. HbA1c, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and lipid profiles were significantly higher in the patients who were nonadherent compared with those who were adherent to treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

This unique study shows that routine urine samples can be used for adherence testing screening by LC-MS/MS and has demonstrated high nonadherence rates especially to statins in people with T2DM. Future intervention studies using LC-MS/MS as a diagnostic/therapeutic tool may help to improve clinical outcomes.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Hereditary Angioedema for Oral Surgery
Authors: Hosokawa Rumiko , Tsukamoto Masanori , Nagano Saki , Yokoyama Takeshi
Published: March 2019

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease that results from deficiency or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH). This disease is characterized by sudden attacks of angioedema. When edema occurs in the pharynx or larynx, it can lead to serious airway compromise, including death. Physical and/or psychological stress can trigger an attack. Dental treatment, including tooth extraction, is also a recognized trigger. We report a case of a 20-year-old male with HAE who required impacted third molar extractions. C1-INH concentrate was administered 1 hour before surgery, which was completed under deep intravenous sedation. This report describes the anesthetic management of a patient with HAE and reviews treatment options and concerns.
Efficacy of Topical Benzocaine in Maxilla: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rehman Nurain , Qazi Samir Riaz
Published: March 2019

This study aims to compare the effect of topical anesthesia against the use of no topical agent on pain of needle penetration and local anesthesia deposition during buccal infiltration in anterior maxilla. In a randomized controlled trial, 100 adult participants were randomly allocated to the benzocaine group (received 20% benzocaine gel) and no benzocaine group (received no topical agent) prior to buccal infiltration in maxillary anterior teeth. A 27-gauge needle was used to deposit 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Pain of needle penetration and local anesthesia deposition was recorded separately using an 11-point Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Results showed that although 20% benzocaine significantly reduced pain on needle penetration during buccal infiltration in maxillary anterior teeth, the difference was small and the clinical significance is not clear. Topical anesthetic did not affect pain of local anesthetic deposition.
A Case of Cardiac Arrest for 31 Seconds During Recovery After Intravenous Sedation
Authors: Hamazaki Kaoruko , Kato Yasuhiko , Hasegawa Akari , Yoneda Hiroko , Miyatani Nahoka , Momota Yoshihiro
Published: March 2019

A 26-year-old woman with a history of feeling nauseated during dental local anesthesia presented to our clinic for tooth extraction under intravenous sedation. Although she had experienced episodes of neurally-mediated syncope, her symptoms were controlled well with drug therapy, stopped 3 years earlier. No syncope episodes developed over the previous 2 years. Tooth extraction was performed under intravenous sedation without incident. When she was returned to a sitting position after being roused, convulsion, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest developed. One week later, similar symptoms occurred immediately after suture removal. We suspect that the change in body position triggered these episodes. It is important to avoid abrupt changes in body position and any other triggers and to administer preventive drugs in patients at high risk of syncope.
Laser ablation synthesis of gold nanoparticle to enhance the fluorescence properties of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Sadrolhosseini Amir Reza , Rashid Suraya Abdul , Shafie Suhaidi , Nezakati Hossein
Published: March 2019

Gold nanoparticles were fabricated in the graphene quantum dots solution using the laser ablation technique. In order to control the particle size and concentration of nanoparticles, the ablation time is changed from 5 to 25 mins. UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared samples. Consequently, the localized surface plasmon resonance absorption peaks appeared in the range of 515.9–520 nm, while the peak which appeared at 319.8 is related to graphene quantum dots. The gold nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape, which have had interaction with carboxyl and hydroxylic groups. The particle size was in the range of 28.29–11.74 nm, which decreased with an increase in the ablation time. The excitation wavelength was about 300 nm, and the emission wavelength appeared at 432.23 nm. As a result, the intensity of the emission increased with an increase in the ablation time, while the particle size decreased due to the plasmonic property of gold nanoparticles, and the quantum yield is in the range of 38.208%–55.068%.
Improving The Vocabulary Mastery Through Numbered Heads Together Technique of The Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 5 Baturiti In Academic Years 2015/2016
Authors: Sanjaya I.D.M.A.W.
Published: March 2019

This study aim at: (1) to find out whether Numbered Heads Together can improve students’ vocabulary mastery, (2) to find out the response of the students toward the implementation of the strategies. There were two kinds of data (qualitative and quantitative data) which were collected through tests, questionnaire, and writer’s diary. The students’ mean score was 4.63% in pretest, 6.2 in posttest 1, and improved became 7.97 in posttest 2. There were no students passed in the pretest, 2 students in the posttest 1, and 18 students in the posttest 2. The result of writer’s diary and questionnaire also showed that the students gave positive response toward the strategies. The results of the questionnaires showed that 18 (90%) of the students admitted that they really like the implementation of Numbered Heads Together. Moreover, 17 (85%) of the students admitted that they were motivated in learning English using Numbered Heads Together.
Improving Students’ Writing Competency Through The Idea-Details Strategy In Class XI IPA-2 Of SMA Negeri 1 Sukasada In The Academic Year 2016/2017
Authors: Jelantik I Putu Ngurah Wirabawa
Published: March 2019

This study was aimed to improve the students’ writing competency in XI IPA-2 at SMA Negeri 1 Sukasada through the implementation of the Idea-Details strategy. The subjects of this study was class XI IPA 2. This study was conducted in form of Classroom Action Research. The data were collected through some instruments, namely writing competency test, questionnaire, and observation checklist. The result showed that the implementation of the Idea-Details strategy was success to improve the students’ writing competency in narrative and report text. The percentage of students who achieved score higher than or equal to 75 increased from 20% in preliminary observation to 85% in cycle 2. The cycle was stopped in cycle 2 since the percentage of the students who achieved the passing score were more than 75% regarded to performance indicator.
Improving Students’ Writing Achievement Through Peer Review And Facebook For Grade XI of SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja
Authors: Lestari L.D.K.
Published: March 2019

This research aimed at improving students’ writing achievement for grade X in SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja through peer review and Facebook. In the planning step were carried out to create a Facebook group and make lesson plans. The results of the research showed as follows: First, there is a positive trend of the students’ mean score.  It increased from 64.9 in the pre test to 77.9 in the first cycle and to 88.7. Second, there were no students left behind in the second cycle. In pre test, there were 26 students who did not passed the passing grade of 72. In the first cycle, the number decreased to 4 and finally all students’ score had passed the passing grade after the second cycle. Third, the students’ response toward the implementation of the technique is positive. This means that the third indicator of research success had also been accomplished.
Metode Pembelajaran Take and Give dalam pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Udayanti I. A. G. Sri , Riastin P. Nanci
Published: March 2019

Pembelajaran IPA pada pelaksanaannya harus diupayakan dalam kondisi pembelajaran yang kondusif.Dalam artian bahwa pembelajaran harus bersifat aktif, kreatif, efektif, inovatif, dan menyenangkan. Artinya peran dan fungsi guru dalam pembelajaran harus dapat memberikan warna dan bentuk terhadap proses pembelajaran dan dapat menciptakan situasi kelas yang kondusif, sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat dicapai dengan optimal. Selain itu, guru juga diharapkan selalu menghubungkan materi dengan dunia nyata sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna dan tidak mudah dilupakan oleh siswa.Dengan demikian, hasil belajar siswa menjadi lebih baik.Namun kenyataan di lapangan, hasil belajar IPA siswa belum sesuai harapan.Hal serupa juga terjadi pada siswa kelas IVA SD Negeri 2 Sempidi.Berdasarkan pencatatan dokumen pada tanggal 28 September 2016.Persentase hasil belajar siswa cenderung rendah.Penelitian ini mengembangkan metode Take and Give dalam pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV A SD Negeri 2 Sempidi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus..Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IVA Semester ganjil SD No 2 Sempidi pada tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 sebanyak 21 orang. Mereka terdiri dari atas 11 orang siswa perempuan dan 10 orang siswa laki-laki..Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan tes tertulis dalam bentuk obyektif yang berjumlah 20 sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar IPA di Sekolah Dasar. persentase rata-rata hasil belajar yang diperoleh sebelum tindakan adalah  62,8%. Setelah dilakukan tindakan pada siklus I, persentase rata-rata hasil belajar yang diperoleh sebesar 70,9% pada kriteria “Sedang”. Setelah dilaksanakan perbaikan pada  tindakan pada siklus II, rata-rata hasil belajar semakin meningkat mencapai 81,4% pada kriteria tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode Take and Give dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV A Semester ganjil SD Nomor 2 Sempidi Kecamatan Mengwi Tahun Pelajaran2016/2017.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN JIGSAW SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Sri Astiti Desak Kadek , Murda I Nyoman
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah penerapan jigsaw dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas IV SD No. 1 Sobangan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, serta refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas kelas IV SD No. 1 Sobangan tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 dengan jumlah siswa 17 orang. Data mengenai prestasi belajar mencakup data tentang hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran. Data hasil belajar IPA dikumpulkan melalui tes berbentuk esay. Data-data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD No. 1 Sobangan. Hal ini dapat dilihat terjadi peningkatan rata-rata skor aktivitas siswa pada siklus I adalah 13,04% dengan kriteria cukup aktif meningkat menjadi 63,82% dengan kriteria aktif pada siklus II. Hasil belajar IPA yaitu dari rata-rata skor hasil belajar IPA 43,47% dengan kriteria kurang baik pada refleksi awal menjadi 65,21% dengan kriteria cukup baik pada siklus I, kemudian meningkat menjadi 100% dngan kriteria sangat baik pada siklus II. Data tersebut menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 50,78%
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Suandewi Ni Km. , Wibawa I Made.Citra
Published: March 2019

Penelitian  ini  bertujuan untuk  mengetahui  hasil belajar IPA pada penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT)pada  siswa  kelas  IV SD No. 3 Kapal tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri atas tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi/evaluasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV di SD No. 3 Kapal, sebanyak 37 orang siswa. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode tes. Data yang didapatkan dari metode tes selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik  deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV di SD No. 3 Kapal tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Pada siklus I rata-rata hasil belajar IPA siswa sebesar 72,70% pada kategori sedang dan  meningkat menjadi 85,13% pada siklus II yang berada pada kategori tinggi. Terjadi peningkatan sebesar 12,43%.