bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fluid Model for Mobile Data Offloading Based on Device-to-Device Communications with Time Constraints
Authors: Pinizzotto Antonio , Bruno Raffaele
Published: December 2024

Proximity-based content sharing between nearby devices in cellular networks using device-to-device (D2D) communications—without routing through the base station—has emerged as a promising solution for offloading traffic from the core cellular network and reducing network congestion, especially when the users requesting content can tolerate some delay before receiving it. Although several analytical models have been developed to derive theoretical performance bounds of D2D-based offloading schemes under different user mobility patterns and routing algorithms used for content dissemination, how to jointly analyse time-limited caching and forwarding policies with both constant and asynchronous timeouts remains still an unsolved problem. To address this issue, we propose a novel fluid model based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the performance analysis of a general D2D-based mobile data offloading scheme, called OORS, which considers both content delivery guarantees and time limitations for storing content copies in local device caches, making it more practical for real-world applications. We also formulate an optimisation problem to maximise the utility of the content dissemination process through a simplified analysis of the stationary regime of the ODE model. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our model predictions, in terms of both aggregate statistics and the temporal evolution of the system state, using both synthetic and real-world mobility datasets. Finally, we compare OORS—optimally tuned with respect to protocol parameters—to two state-of-the-art content offloading schemes, Push-and-track (PAT) and SNSNI, a seed node selection algorithm based on node influence. Our results show that OORS achieves similar offloading efficiency to the benchmarks while reducing the number of content copies by at least 50%.
The Influence of In Vitro Degradation on the Properties of Polylactic Acid Electrospun Fiber Mats
Authors: Abdullah Kardo , Molnár Kolos
Published: December 2024

The scope of our study was to investigate the changes in electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) fiber mats’ morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties in vitro. We electrospun two sets of PLA fiber mats with different average diameters, E6 (747 nm) and E10 (1263 nm). The degradation study of PLA electrospun fibers was carried out in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37 °C to simulate conditions within the human system. The results reveal the thicker fibers (E10) degraded more rapidly than the E6 sample due to their different morphology. E10 showed a 29% reduction in diameter and a 41% weight loss, while E6 exhibited an 18% reduction in diameter and a 27.5% weight loss. E6’s Young’s modulus increased by 3.55 times, while E10’s rose by 2.23 times after 28 days of degradation, and the fibers became more rigid. E6 showed a more pronounced decrease in crystallinity compared with E10. Changes in electrospun fiber diameters and crystallinity greatly influence the degradation mechanism of PLA.
Effects of Different Light Spectra on Oxidative Stress and Nutritional Quality of the Fish Plectropomus leopardus
Authors: Li Wensheng , Zhang Zheng , Liu Baoliang , Fang Yingying , Cao Shuquan , Li Wenyang , Sun Yan , He Chengbin , Zhang Chuanxin , Fei Fan
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the impacts of light spectra on oxidative stress and nutrient quality of the fish Plectropomus leopardus in indoor recirculating aquaculture systems. The fish (100 g ± 0.45 g [wet weight]) were cultures in five different light spectra (full-spectrum (400–800 nm), blue (450 nm), green (530 nm), red (630 nm), and dark) for 60 days. After experimentation, blood and muscle tissue were collected and analyzed for biochemical variables and nutritional quality. We demonstrated that the total cholesterol, triglycerides activities of P. leopardus in the dark groups were substantially elevated, relative to other groups (p < 0.05). Glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities were elevated in the green light group versus other red groups, and cortisol was drastically reduced in the red group relative to other groups (p < 0.05). The crude ash concentration in the blue and full-spectrum group was substantially more elevated than in other groups (p < 0.05). Thr, Glu, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys, His, Arg were markedly higher in the blue light versus the red light group (p < 0.05). The muscle of P. leopardus was rich in lysine and its essential AA index was in the order of blue light, full-spectrum, green light, dark and red group. The content of total saturated fatty acids in the blue light group was drastically lower relative to the dark, green and red groups (p < 0.05), and the total polyunsaturated fatty acids and DHA + EPA contents in the blue light group were substantially elevated relative to the other groups (p < 0.05). These results revealed that different light environments had certain effects on blood biochemical, antioxidant capacity, nutrient composition and proportion of P. leopardus. A comprehensive evaluation found that the blue light environment had more positive effects on the physiological, biochemical and nutritional quality of P. leopardus. This result provides a theoretical reference for the lighting strategy of an indoor recirculating aquaculture system.
Short-Term Response of Instream Habitats and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Populations to Habitat Rehabilitation in Two Trout Streams, Minnesota, USA
Authors: Mundahl Neal D.
Published: December 2024

Efforts to rehabilitate habitats in trout streams are common, but the pre-and post-project monitoring of impacts has produced conflicting results. Consequently, long-term monitoring plans were established for the reaches of two streams in southeastern Minnesota, USA, that were planned for rehabilitation. Instream habitats and brown trout abundances in randomly selected sections of each rehabilitation reach were assessed for one or more years pre-project followed by multiple reoccurring surveys in the years post-rehabilitation. Significant increases in certain types of fish cover (overhanging banks, mid-channel boulders, and deep water) were observed immediately after rehabilitation in one or both streams, whereas improved channel dimensions (narrower and deeper) and hydrologic variables (higher current velocities) were less likely to be realized in the short term (1 to 4 years). Trout abundances and catch rates displayed significant year-to-year variability, but regional trout population cycles masked any true post-project increases in trout within the rehabilitated reaches. Overall, future monitoring is expected to highlight additional changes (i.e., improvements) in instream habitats as rehabilitated reaches heal and stabilize, with brown trout numbers expected to increase to higher average levels after several generations have adapted to the rehabilitated habitats.
Investigation of the Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Using an Ad Hoc OpenFOAM CFD Solver
Authors: Duronio Francesco , Marchetti Paola
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels, representing a leading cause of death worldwide. With the help of computational fluid dynamics, it is possible to study the hemodynamics of the pulmonary arteries in detail and simulate various physiological conditions, thus offering numerous advantages over invasive analyses in the phases of diagnosis and surgical planning. Specifically, the aim of this study is the fluid dynamic analysis of the pulmonary artery, comparing the characteristics of the blood flow in a healthy subject with that of a patient affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension. We performed CFD simulations with the OpenFOAM C++ library using a purposely developed solver that features the Windkessel model as a pressure boundary condition. This methodology, scarcely applied in the past for this problem, allows for a proficient analysis and the detailed quantification of the most important fluid-dynamic parameters (flow velocity, pressure distribution, and wall shear stress (WSS)) with improved accuracy and resolution when compared with classical simulation and diagnostic techniques. We verified the validity of the adopted methodology in reproducing the blood flow by relying on experimental data. A detailed comparative analysis highlights the differences between healthy and pathological cases in hemodynamic terms. The outcomes of this work contribute to enlarging the knowledge of the blood flow characteristics in the human pulmonary artery, revealing substantial differences between the two clinical scenarios investigated and highlighting how arterial hypertension drastically changes the blood flow. The analysis of the data confirmed the importance of CFD as a supportive tool in understanding, diagnosing, and monitoring the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases, proving to be a powerful means for personalizing surgical treatments.
Development of a Multifunctional Chitosan-Based Composite Film from Crab Shell (Portunus segnis) and Algae (Ulva lactuca) with Enhanced Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties for Active Food Packaging
Authors: Zaghbib Imen , Abdullah Johar Amin Ahmed , Romero Alberto
Published: December 2024

Eco-friendly, bioactive and edible films from renewable resources are increasingly regarded as viable replacements for petroleum-based packaging. This study investigates the application of Ulva lactuca macroalgae powder (ULP) as an active additive in crab (Portunus segnis) chitosan-based films for natural food packaging. Films with ULP concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5% were prepared using a solvent-casting method with glycerol as a plasticizer. Their physicochemical, mechanical, functional, and biological properties were evaluated comprehensively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed intermolecular interactions between ULP’s polyphenolic compounds and the chitosan matrix, enhancing the films’ structural integrities. ULP’s incorporation reduced the moisture content, water solubility, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and whiteness index values while significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the yellowness (b*), total color difference (ΔE), yellowness index (YI), tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EB). The antioxidant activity improved in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by the high free-radical scavenging capacity. Moreover, antimicrobial tests showed significant inhibitory effects against pathogenic strains. Biodegradability tests confirmed that the films decomposed entirely within 12 days under soil burial conditions, reinforcing their environmental compatibility. These results highlight the multifunctional potential of chitosan–ULP composite films, combining enhanced mechanical properties, bioactivity, and sustainability. By utilizing renewable and biodegradable materials, this work contributes to reducing waste and promoting resource efficiency, aligning with the principles of a circular economy and environmental preservation.
Comparative Analysis of Biochemical Parameters, Thermal Behavior, Rheological Features, and Gelling Characteristics of Thai Ligor Hybrid Chicken and Broiler Meats
Authors: Mussa Ngassa Julius , Wongnen Chantira , Kitpipit Warangkana , Panpipat Worawan , Yin Mingyu , Kim Siriporn Riebroy , Chaijan Manat
Published: December 2024

Genetic differences typically cause differences in the structure and function of proteins in meat. The objective of this research was to examine the biochemical characteristics and functional behavior of proteins in fresh composite meat from Thai Ligor hybrid chicken (LC) and commercial broiler chicken (BC). The composite meat samples, which comprise minced breast and thigh without skin from 20 chicken carcasses in a 1:1 (w/w) ratio, were randomly selected for analysis using the completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that BC meat exhibited higher ultimate pH after 24 h, Ca2+-ATPase activity, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptide content compared to LC meat (p < 0.05). While both meat types showed non-significant differences in reactive sulfhydryl (SH) levels (p > 0.05), LC meat exhibited higher hydrophobicity compared to BC meat (p < 0.05). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed a single transition peak in all samples. LC meat exhibited higher thermal stability than BC meat, with transition peaks at 91 °C and 81 °C, respectively, in non-sodium chloride (NaCl) treated samples. Samples treated with 2.5% NaCl exhibited transition peaks around 70 °C for BC and 79 °C for LC. LC meat showed higher storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values than BC meat, suggesting a stronger gel-forming tendency. LC meat gels exhibited higher hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, and a slightly lower pH (6.14 vs. 5.97) compared to BC meat gels (p < 0.05). LC meat gels displayed larger expressible moisture content (p < 0.05), although the value was approximately 6%. Compared to LC meat gels, BC meat gels appeared slightly whiter (p < 0.05). To compare the lipid oxidation of BC and LC meat gels day by day, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of gels stored at 4 °C in polyethylene bags were measured on Days 0, 4, and 8. Both BC and LC meat gels showed acceptable lipid oxidation-based rancid off-flavor after short-term storage at 4 °C, with TBARS values below 2 mg malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalent/kg on Day 8. Understanding these variations in biochemical properties and functional behavior can help optimize processing methods and produce meat products of superior quality that meet consumer preferences.
Systematic Analysis of UFMylation Family Genes in Tissues of Mice with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Jiang Mingdi , Zhang Chenlu , Zhang Zhengyao , Duan Yingying , Qi Shuaiyong , Zeng Qingyu , Wang Jiabao , Zhang Jiawen , Jiang Yu , Wang Ying , Chen Yi , Liu Jiang
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: UFMylation, a newly identified ubiquitin-like modification, modulates a variety of physiological processes, including endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis maintenance, DNA damage response, embryonic development, and tumor progression. Recent reports showed that UFMylation plays a protective role in preventing liver steatosis and fibrosis, serving as a defender of liver homeostasis in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the regulation of UFMylation in MASLD remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the expressed patterns of UFMylation components in multiple tissues of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, which are mimicking the conditions of MASLD. Methods: The ob/ob mice and HFD-fed mice were sacrificed to collect tissues indicated in this study. Total RNA and proteins were extracted from tissues to examine the expressed patterns of UFMylation components, including UBA5, UFC1, UFL1, DDRGK1, UFSP1, UFSP2 and UFM1, by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Results: The protein levels of UBA5, UFC1 and UFL1 were down-regulated in liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), whereas the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Ufl1 and Ufsp1 were both decreased in skeletal muscle, BAT, iWAT and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of ob/ob mice. In contrast, the mRNA levels of Ufsp1 in skeletal muscle, BAT, iWAT and heart, and the protein levels of UFL1 were decreased in BAT, iWAT, heart and cerebellum of HFD-fed mice. Conclusions: Our findings established the expressed profiles of UFMylaiton in multiple tissues of mice mimicking MASLD, indicating an important regulation for UFMylation in these tissues’ homeostasis maintenance.
Expanding the Mutation Spectrum for Inherited Retinal Diseases
Authors: Lynn Jacob , Huang Samuel J. , Trigler Grace K. , Kingsley Ronald , Coussa Razek G. , Bennett Lea D.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a diverse group of genetic disorders characterized by degeneration of the retina, leading to visual impairment and blindness. IRDs are heterogeneous, sharing common clinical features that can be difficult to diagnose without knowing the genetic basis of the disease. To improve diagnostic accuracy and advance understanding of disease mechanisms, genetic testing was performed for 103 unrelated patients with an IRD at a single clinical site between 30 August 2022 and 5 February 2024. Methods: Informed consent was obtained before buccal samples were collected for panel-based sequencing at BluePrint Genetics (BpG), sponsored by the Foundation Fighting Blindness MyRetina Tracker program. A retina specialist performed standard visit assessments, including visual acuity (Snellen chart), slit lamp examination, fundus photography (Optos®, Dunfermline, UK), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Zeiss). Results: From 103 patients, genetic findings were reported for 70 individuals. Among these included 20 novel variants. Conclusions: These results clarify and confirm clinical diagnoses, aid in counseling patients on prognosis and family planning, and guide treatment options. This study not only holds promise for affected individuals but also expands the mutation spectrum to guide understanding of IRD.
Evolution of Modern and Ancient Orogenic Belts
Authors: Carosi Rodolfo , Campos Neto Mario Da Costa , Fossen Haakon , Montomoli Chiara , Simonetti Matteo
Published: December 2024

Orogens are broadly grouped into accretionary and collisional types [...]
“I’m Not Who I Used to Be!” The Compelled Metamorphosing Process of Coping with Brucellosis Among Chinese Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zhou Mei , Zhu Bo , Xiao Xueling , Suo Xin , Fan Bo , Wang Honghong
Published: December 2024

Background: Brucellosis, one of the most common zoonotic diseases globally, is a serious public health problem. The complex and diverse clinical manifestations pose numerous challenges for patients when coping with brucellosis. Scarce studies have been performed in China. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the process of coping with brucellosis and different aspects of the phenomenon from the perspective of patients, and propose a conceptual framework of patients’ processes in coping with brucellosis. Methods: Qualitative study based on constructivist grounded theory methodology using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The data analysis included initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical coding using the constant comparative method and memo writing. Results: The conceptual framework of “compelled metamorphosing” was constructed, which conceptualized three primary types of coping strategies: “blind persistence”, “resignation to avoidance”, and “proactive pacing”. Symptoms, financial strain, information cocoon, emotional value, and family responsibility had an important impact on coping strategies and played a significant role in driving their development. Conclusions: This paper provides new insight into patients’ lives and describes the strategies patients use to cope with the challenges and problems caused by brucellosis. Compelled metamorphosing represents a basic psychosocial process. These findings can be used to develop future complex interventions and studies.
The Confluence Between Spiritual and Mental Health: A Phenomenological Approach to the Study of Healthcare Professionals’ Experiences
Authors: López-Tarrida Ángeles C. , Suárez-Reina Paola , de Diego-Cordero Rocío
Published: December 2024

Background: Given the global concern about mental health in the world, different approaches are being explored in its approach and treatment. In this line, the care of the spiritual dimension has been shown in many studies to have a significantly positive relationship. In mental health units, the comprehensive approach that involves comprehensive care considers the spiritual dimension as an aspect of care that contributes to coping with mental health problems. Methods: This is qualitative research with a descriptive design and an ethnographic approach, using interviews with forty-five professionals from Spanish and Portuguese mental health units. Results: The professionals do not define the term spiritual health in the same way; however, all interviewees believe that S/R positively influences the mental health of their patients, although few address it. They believe that their own S/R can influence their attention to spiritual needs. Among the limitations are the lack of training and time due to the prevailing biomedical model. Lack of time and specific training in spiritual care are the main aspects to which they attribute the shortage in meeting spiritual needs. Most of them expressed feeling challenged to care for the spiritual dimension after this research. Conclusions: More studies are needed on the spiritual care provided by mental health professionals to specify specific training and the associated challenges in this field.
Behind the Frontlines: Insights for Supporting Mental Health and Staff Retention in the Long-Term Care Workforce
Authors: Smith Chelsea B. , Wong Karen Lok Yi , Dunn Sheila , Gregorio Mario , Wong Lily , Huynh Polly , Hung Lillian
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Canada’s long-term care (LTC) sector is struggling with a significant staffing crisis related to shortages, high-turnover rate, and challenging working conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these issues and emphasized the need for improved mental health support for LTC staff. Understanding and addressing the wellbeing of staff is important for ensuring quality of care and promoting a positive work environment for a healthy workforce. This study explored staff experiences in Canadian LTC homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers staff-driven recommendations to support staff mental health and retention moving forward. Methods: We applied the Collaborative Action Research (CAR) methodology to explore practical strategies with LTC staff to inform actions for change. Sixteen staff members working in two large urban Canadian LTC homes were interviewed using remote videoconferencing and phone calls to conduct one-on-one interviews. Thematic analysis was performed. Results: Our analysis identified four themes: depletion, lack of support, providing resources and sense of community. The SUPPORT framework was created based on staff recommendations to improve LTC staff mental health and retention. Conclusions: Urgent attention is needed to support the LTC workforce through practice change and improved policy. The implementation of comprehensive frameworks such as SUPPORT can play a pivotal role in fostering staff resilience, enhancing job satisfaction, and promoting a healthy workforce for aged care.
Understanding Interpersonal Influences on Maternal Health Service Utilization at Community Health Centers: A Mixed-Methods Study in Indonesia
Authors: Herwansyah Herwansyah , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Kalaitzi Stavroula , Schröder-Bäck Peter
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective: The utilization of maternal health services at the primary healthcare level is still considered an effective approach despite the critical role in improving maternal health outcomes. The study aimed to assess the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and interpersonal support on the use of maternal health services in three regions of the Province of Jambi, Indonesia. Methods: Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, a quantitative survey of 432 women and qualitative focus group discussions with nine families were conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed using bivariate analysis, while the qualitative data were examined through conventional content analysis. Results: The research results show no significant association between sociodemographic factors (education, employment, residence) and the use of maternal health services for antenatal care and delivery. Direct support, such as accompaniment by spouses, and indirect support, including emotional encouragement and shared knowledge, were pivotal in influencing women’s decisions to seek care. Conclusions: Targeted interventions focusing on improving social support, addressing service accessibility barriers, and raising awareness about the benefits of community health centers are essential to enhancing maternal health outcomes. Policymakers and healthcare providers should integrate family-centered strategies to ensure women receive adequate maternal healthcare.
The Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy in Health Self-Management and Psychological Stress Among Older Adults in Shanghai: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Du Rong , Wu Ruilong , Li Jing , Jiang Jiayan , Zhou Hengyi , Gao Jingrong , Zhao Qi
Published: December 2024

Background: Given the demographic shift towards an older population, it is crucial to understand the determinants and implications of psychological distress among this demographic group. This study explores the relationship between health self-management and psychological distress in older Chinese adults, focusing on the mediating role of general self-efficacy (GSE). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in five districts of Shanghai from 1 November to 31 December 2021, employing a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Health Self-Management Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Kessler-10 Scale. Out of 2050 participants approached, 1905 completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 91.76%. Data analysis included correlation studies, hierarchical linear regression, and structural equation modeling. Results: The average Kessler-10 score among elderly individuals in Shanghai was 15.59 ± 6.35. Of these, 22.10% had mild psychological distress, 11.92% had moderate stress, and 5.30% had severe stress. We found significant negative correlations between psychological distress and health self-management (r = −0.34, p < 0.05) and GSE (r = −0.26, p < 0.05). Health self-management had a total effect of −0.284 (95%CI: −0.330 to −0.234) on psychological distress, with GSE mediating approximately 20.42% of this effect. Conclusions: GSE plays a significant mediating role between health self-management and psychological distress. These findings highlight the importance of promoting health self-management and GSE to alleviate psychological distress among older adults in Shanghai. This approach could enhance holistic health outcomes and improve the quality of life within this growing population segment.
Association Between Dynapenia/Sarcopenia, Extrapyramidal Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, Body Composition, and Nutritional Status in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Kamoi Reiko , Mifune Yoshihiro , Soriano Krishan , Tanioka Ryuichi , Yamanaka Risa , Ito Hirokazu , Osaka Kyoko , Umehara Hidehiro , Shimomoto Rie , Bollos Leah Anne , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho , Endo Itsuro , Palijo Sr. Sahlee , Noguchi Katsuhiro , Mifune Kazushi , Tanioka Tetsuya
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between chronic schizophrenia, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs), body composition, nutritional status, and dynapenia/sarcopenia. Methods: Data from 68 chronic patients with schizophrenia were analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Cramér’s V statistics. Results: Among the participants, 32.4% had no loss of muscle mass or function, 39.7% had dynapenia, and 27.9% had sarcopenia. This study identified five key findings: (1) Bilateral grip strength, skeletal muscle index, and walking speed are interrelated, with higher negative symptom scores linked to slower movement and rigidity, particularly in the sarcopenia group, indicating that negative symptoms may contribute to muscle weakness and progression to sarcopenia. (2) Increasing age is associated with a decrease in chlorpromazine equivalent dose and an increase in the severity of EPSs. (3) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio and all sarcopenia risk indicators were significantly negatively correlated. (4) Dynapenia and sarcopenia groups exhibited significant differences in muscle mass and nutritional status compared to the non-penia group, including reduced muscle mass, lower basal metabolic rate, and lower visceral fat levels. (5) There was an association between the Barthel Index (BI) score for activities of daily living (ADL) and dynapenia/sarcopenia. Particularly with regard to ADL, it seems necessary to pay attention to muscle weakness in partially independent patients who score 60 points or more. Conclusions: BUN/creatinine ratio, BI, EPSs, body mass index, grip strength, total protein, and albumin were useful indicators for detecting the risk of dynapenia/sarcopenia in routine psychiatric care.
Bidirectional Associations Between Alcohol Drinking and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults Aged 50 to 75: The US Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Yu Xinhua , Gain Easter P. , Ajoku Mark’Quest J. , Kedia Satish K.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Low or moderate alcohol drinking may reduce the risk of depression, but depression may induce alcohol drinking. However, the bidirectional associations between alcohol drinking and depression were inconsistent, and many prior analyses were not properly conducted. This study explored the within-individual bidirectional associations between alcohol drinking and depressive symptoms under a causal analytic framework. Methods: Using data for the baby boomer cohorts (born between 1948 and 1965) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we employed the unit fixed-effect models with lagged measures to examine the within-individual bidirectional associations between the number of alcohol drinks per week and the changes in the eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores. Results: Among 11,057 participants at baseline, about 48% were drinkers and 19% had a CES-D ≥4, i.e., at a high risk of depression. Among male low/moderate drinkers, increasing alcohol drinking between consecutive visits was significantly associated with a decrease in depression scores after adjusting for prior alcohol drinking (−0.15 points per 7 drinks/week increase, p = 0.009). Conversely, among male drinkers and female heavy drinkers, increasing depression scores between visits increased alcohol drinking after adjusting for prior depression scores (ranging from 0.22 to 0.79 drinks/week per 1 point increase of depression score, all p values < 0.01). Conclusions: The bidirectional associations between alcohol drinking and depressive symptoms were evident only among male drinkers, and alcohol drinking should not be recommended as a solution for preventing or relieving depressive symptoms. Limitations: Measures of alcohol drinking and depression were coarse, and the study cohorts were limited to the US baby boomer generation. Generalizing findings to other populations should be cautious.
Health Literacy and Internet Use Among Japanese Older Adults: A Gender-Stratified Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Moderating Effects of Neighborhood Relationships
Authors: Nakada Tsubasa , Kurotani Kayo , Seino Satoshi , Kozawa Takako , Murota Shinichi , Eto Miki , Shimasawa Junko , Shimizu Yumiko , Tsurugano Shinobu , Katsukawa Fuminori , Sakamoto Kazunori , Washizaki Hironori , Ishigaki Yo , Sakamoto Maki , Takadama Keiki , Yanai Keiji , Matsuo Osamu , Kameue Chiyoko , Suzuki Hitomi , Ohkawara Kazunori
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Internet use positively impacts mental health in older adults, with health literacy (HL) playing a key role. While social networks may complement individual HL, the role of neighborhood relationships in this association, particularly by gender, remains unclear. This study examined how the association between HL and Internet use among older adults was modified by neighborhood relationships. Methods: Using baseline data from the Chofu–Digital–Choju project, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1955 community-dwelling adults aged 65–84 (889 men and 1066 women). HL was assessed using the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale and dichotomized at four points. Neighborhood relationships were categorized as high (visiting/chatting with neighbors) or low (exchanging greetings/no relationship). Gender-stratified logistic regression analyses were performed with Internet use as the dependent variable, with HL, neighborhood relationships, and their interaction as independent variables. Results: Internet user proportion was 55.6% for men and 41.8% for women. HL was positively associated with Internet use in both genders, though patterns differed. Among men, the HL–Internet use association was consistent (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 2.25–4.24) regardless of neighborhood relationship levels. For women, this association was significantly modified (interaction OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24–0.87). Women with low HL but strong neighborhood relationships showed increased odds of Internet use (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.32–3.26). Conclusions: Gender-specific patterns in HL and neighborhood relationships influence Internet use among older adults. Neighborhood relationships may compensate for low HL in women, underscoring the need for gender-sensitive strategies to promote digital HL.
Systematic Review on Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Pitavastatin in Dyslipidemia in Asia
Authors: Vo Nam Xuan , Pham Huong Lai , Bui Tan Trong , Bui Tien Thuy
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Dyslipidemia, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is marked by abnormal lipid levels, such as the elevated lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Statins are the first-line treatment for LDL-C reduction. Pitavastatin (PIT) has shown potential in lowering LDL-C and improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This review assesses pitavastatin’s efficacy, effectiveness, and safety in dyslipidemia management in Asia. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases up to November 2024, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seventeen studies (12 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs) were analyzed, focusing on LDL-C reduction, safety profiles, and adverse events. The quality of the studies was assessed using checklists to ensure the selection of the best studies and to limit bias. Results: Pitavastatin doses (1–4 mg) reduced LDL-C by 28–47%, comparable to atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. The 2 mg dose matched atorvastatin’s 10 mg dose in efficacy for both short-term (35–42%) and long-term (28–36%) use. LDL-C target achievement rates were 75–95%. Adverse events, including mild myalgia and elevated liver enzymes, were rare, and discontinuation rates were low. Conclusions: Pitavastatin is an effective and safe alternative to traditional statins for dyslipidemia management in Asia. Further research on long-term outcomes and high-risk groups is warranted.
Humic Acid Alleviates Low-Temperature Stress by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism and Proline Synthesis in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seedlings
Authors: Zhu Libao , Liu Haihe , Zhang Yanping , Cao Yanxia , Hu Yiwen , Wang Yalun , Zheng Haiqiang , Liu Mengze
Published: December 2024

Melon is a thermophilic crop that is extremely sensitive to temperature changes. Humic acid (HA) is an eco-friendly biostimulant that enhances plants against abiotic stresses. However, the effect of HA on the cold tolerance of melon plants under low-temperature scenarios is still unclear. This study aimed to find out the effects of HA treatment on the morphological, physiological, and nitrogen metabolism of melon seedlings under low-temperature stress. HA treatment significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content (up to 33.17%), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), root architecture, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. HA also promoted the degradation of nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N); the synthesis of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), free amino acids, proline, and soluble protein; and nitrogen metabolism (NR, GS, GOGAT, and GDH, up to 181.83%) and proline-related enzyme activity (P5CS and OAT, up to 81.97%). HA significantly increased the expression of nitrogen metabolism and proline metabolism genes. In summary, HA alleviated the damage caused by low-temperature stress by improving levels of antioxidant enzymes, nitrogen metabolism, and proline synthesis.
The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in Clematis L.
Authors: Chen Xuerong , Zhou Ping , Guo Nanhong , Zheng Yiping , Hou Xiumei , Zeng Lihui
Published: December 2024

Flower morphology is a critical ornamental trait in flowering plants. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development is essential for the breeding of diverse ornamental plant cultivars. The ABCE model genes are pivotal in regulating floral development in angiosperms. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of flower development in Clematis, nine ABCE model genes were identified from the transcriptome data of Clematis cv. ‘Amethyst Beauty’. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns among these genes. ClPI, ClSEP1, and ClSEP3 were predominantly expressed in sepals. ClAP3, ClPI, ClAG2, ClSEP1, and ClSEP3 were highly expressed in stamens. ClAG1 was exclusively expressed in pistils. These findings suggested that ABCE genes may play an important role in regulating the formation of flower morphology in the Clematis. The open reading frame (ORF) of ClAG2 was cloned and overexpression of ClAG2 in tobacco resulted in shorter corolla tube, reduced crown area, and stunted stamen. ClAG2 may have a negative effect on the formation of double-tepal flowers of Clematis and play a specific role in stamen and pistil development. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that ClAG2 could interact with class E proteins ClSEP3 and ClSEP4 but not with class B proteins ClAP3 and ClPI. Our results will lay a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism of flower development regulation in Clematis.
A Single Session of Beach Tennis with Recreational Athletes Improves Anxiety Symptoms in Women but Not in Men: A Randomized Trial
Authors: de Freitas João Victor Rosa , de Lima Bráulio Evangelista , Rocha-Silva Rizia , de Oliveira Vinnycius Nunes , Costa Thalles Guillarducci , Rodrigues Mila Alves Matos , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Andrade Marília Santos , Costa Gustavo de Conti Teixeira , Laporta Lorenzo , Viana Ricardo Borges , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Beach tennis has become a popular sport, but research on its mental health benefits is scarce. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the effects of beach tennis on anxiety symptoms. Objectives: To assess the effect of a single session of beach tennis, in both singles and doubles modes, on anxiety symptoms. Methods: Twenty-two recreational players (11 women, age: 35.00 [13.50] years) were evaluated. Each participant underwent three intervention sessions in random order: one-on-one match (singles), two-on-two match (doubles), and a control session (non-exercise). State anxiety and affective responses were measured before and after each intervention. Results: For men, no significant interaction between time and session was found (p = 0.646). In women, there was a significant interaction between time and session (p = 0.002). Anxiety symptoms significantly decreased from pre- to post-singles condition (p = 0.007) and from pre- to post-doubles condition (p = 0.010). A significant difference was observed between the post-singles and post-control conditions (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Beach tennis demonstrated an anxiolytic effect in women, with significant reductions in anxiety symptoms following both singles and doubles sessions. However, no such effects were observed in men. These findings suggest that beach tennis could be a viable intervention for managing anxiety symptoms in women. The study was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (registration code: U1111-1293-7949).
Self-Reported Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Pesticide-Handling Knowledge Among Small-Scale Horticulture Women Workers in Tanzania, a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mwakalasya William Nelson , Mamuya Simon Henry , Moen Bente Elisabeth , Ngowi Aiwerasia Vera
Published: December 2024

Women constitute most of the global horticulture workforce, where pesticide use is prevalent. Protecting their health, particularly during pregnancy, is essential. However, knowledge about practices among pregnant employees that cause exposure to pesticides is limited. This study aims to identify such practices and assess the impact of pesticide-handling knowledge on exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 432 small-scale horticulture women workers in Tanzania from October 2022 to April 2023. The women were interviewed using a self-report questionnaire, with descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square tests, and T-tests used for data analysis. In total, 86% of participants worked in horticulture during pregnancy, with 47.5% continuing into the third trimester. Many engaged in weeding within 24 h of spraying (58.4%) and washing pesticide-contaminated clothes (51.7%). Most of the women (93.1%) had limited knowledge of pesticide handling, though some understood mixing (62.5%) and spraying (64.1%) instructions on labels. This study suggests that women working in horticulture are exposed to pesticides during pregnancy partly due to limited knowledge of safe pesticide handling. These exposures are largely shaped by the working conditions, which may place both pregnant women and their offspring at risk of hazardous pesticide exposure. Hence, there is a need for guidelines and policies towards protecting women working in agriculture.
Understanding Multi-Level Factors Impacting Digital Health Literacy in the Deep South of the United States
Authors: Padalkar Tanvi V. , Hildreth Keyonsis , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Ingram Stacey A. , Whitlow Omari , Chu Dan , Shao Connie C. , Williams Courtney P. , Hardy Claudia M. , Huang Chao-Hui Sylvia , Henderson Nicole L.
Published: December 2024

As healthcare and health services become increasingly digitized, individuals with low digital health literacy (DHL) may experience inequitable care and outcomes. We explored factors impacting DHL and recommendations for improvement from community health coordinators and advisors (CHAs) in Alabama and Mississippi in United States. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with CHAs to gather insights on their perspectives on and experiences with DHL. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded coding schema, with key barriers and recommendations mapped onto the Taplin Multi-Level Intervention model to help identify influences across various levels. Thirty-two CHAs participated, predominantly female (94%) and Black or African American (94%). At the individual level, factors involved demographic characteristics, increased patient workload, and attitudes towards technology. Social support was captured at the relationships level. At the provider level, provider–patient communication and injustices were involved, compounded by health system infrastructure and culture at the practice-setting level. Resource landscape and shared knowledge and beliefs were significant at the community level. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted these challenges at the societal level. CHAs provided targeted recommendations for addressing barriers at each level. CHAs identified multi-level factors contributing to DHL and emphasized levels based on comprehensive interventions.
ADL+: A Digital Toolkit for Multidomain Cognitive, Physical, and Nutritional Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Chew Justin , Zeng Zhiwei , Tan Toh Hsiang Benny , Chew Pamela , Ali Noorhazlina , Wang Hao , Ong Melissa , Raymond Roslyn , Pek Kalene , Wang Di , Zhang Liang , Shen Zhiqi , Leung Cyril , Chin Jing Jih , Lim Wee Shiong , Miao Chunyan
Published: December 2024

Background: Current research highlights the importance of addressing multiple risk factors concurrently to tackle the complex etiology of dementia. However, limited evidence exists on the efficacy of technology-driven, multidomain community-based interventions for preventing cognitive decline. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of ADL+, an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled digital toolkit integrating cognitive assessments and multidomain interventions, on outcomes of cognitive function, activity levels, and quality of life in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Adherence and usability were also evaluated. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study including community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above without dementia, but with subjective memory complaints (AD8 score ≥ 2). Participants received a six-month intervention (app-based cognitive training, personalized nutritional, physical, and social activities recommendations) or a control group treatment (cognitive health educational package). The primary outcome was a change in neuropsychological test battery (NTB) Z-scores (NTB composite and its individual domains: attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function). Secondary outcomes were activity levels (Frenchay Activities Index, FAI), and quality of life (EQ-5D). Outcomes were assessed at the end of the intervention and three months post-intervention using linear mixed-effects models. Results: 96% of participants in the intervention and 89% in the control group completed the study. At six months, the intervention group showed a significant NTB composite score improvement (mean change: 0.086 (95% CI 0.020 to 0.15)), with a between-group difference of 0.17 (95% CI 0.071 to 0.27). Significant differences in attention, processing speed, and memory domains were observed, with benefits sustained in the processing speed domain at nine months. The control group’s FAI scores declined at six months (mean change: −1.04 (95% CI −1.83 to −0.26)), while the intervention group’s scores remained stable. The intervention group’s EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) scores improved at both six and nine months, with between-group differences of 4.06 (95% CI 0.23 to 7.90) at six months and 5.12 (95% CI 0.81 to 9.43) at nine months. Adherence was high, while average usability scores were obtained. Conclusions: The ADL+ toolkit shows potential beneficial effects on cognitive function, activity levels, and quality of life for older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Findings will guide future randomized controlled trials and implementation efforts.
Microplastics in Agricultural Crops and Their Possible Impact on Farmers’ Health: A Review
Authors: Masciarelli Eva , Casorri Laura , Di Luigi Marco , Beni Claudio , Valentini Massimiliano , Costantini Erica , Aielli Lisa , Reale Marcella
Published: December 2024

The indiscriminate use of plastic products and their inappropriate management and disposal contribute to the increasing presence and accumulation of this material in all environmental zones. The chemical properties of plastics and their resistance to natural degradation lead over time to the production of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics, which are dispersed in soil, water, and air and can be absorbed by plants, including those grown for food. In agriculture, MPs can come from many sources (mulch film, tractor tires, compost, fertilizers, and pesticides). The possible effects of this type of pollution on living organisms, especially humans, increase the need to carry out studies to assess occupational exposure in agriculture. It would also be desirable to promote alternative materials to plastic and sustainable agronomic practices to protect the safety and health of agricultural workers.