bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um estudo exploratório sobre as possibilidades de compreensão da indisciplina escolar como construção social
Authors: Moraes Isadora Coutinho
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo explorar o fenômeno da indisciplina discente enquanto uma construção social que tem origem nas interações que se dão no ambiente escolar. Garcia (2006) afirma que o fenômeno da indisciplina escolar está associado a um modo de produção social de crenças e esquemas de pensamento sobre a escola, o aluno e o professor. Dessa forma, estudar a maneira como os professores pensam a indisciplina pode nos auxiliar a compreender como pensam a escola e seus atores. A partir de entrevistas feitas com um professor do ensino básico sobre indisciplina escolar e, empregando alguns dos pressupostos presentes na abordagem interacionista do fenômeno do desvio desenvolvida por Becker, buscamos analisar como o entrevistado constrói suas crenças sobre a escola e a relação professor-aluno e de que forma tais crenças influenciam a rotulação do comportamento dito “indisciplinado”.
Indústria Cultural e Comunicação de Massa: Considerações sobre Produtos Midiáticos “Tradicionais” e “Conservadores” Brasileiros e as Implicações da Mercantilização da Cultura para o Receptor
Authors: Lemos João Angelo Soares
Published: June 2018

O artigo analisa os aspectos que permeiam a comunicação de massa e a indústria cultural, tidos aqui como conceitos sinônimos à medida que sugerem a mercantilização de mensagens simbólicas e produtos culturais. Para tanto, após um breve histórico do surgimento dessas manifestações, associadas ao desenvolvimento da sociedade capitalista, oito produtos, separados em quatro categorias (Jornalismo, Publicidade, Cinema e Produto Editorial) são objetos de exame. Os dados levantados apontam para o potencial da mídia de determinar as relações sociais e, em certa medida, a dimensão psicológica dos receptores, bem como para a necessidade de se aproveitar os meios técnicos de reprodução como formas de manutenção da sabedoria popular.
Experiências com a docência: apresentando o campo de investigação
Authors: Carniel Fagner , Costa Samuel , Furriel Wesley
Published: June 2018

Apresentação do Dossiê
In-Service Music Teachers’ Self-Perceived Sources of Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Authors: Haston Warren
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this multiple case study was to examine the perceived sources of identifiable pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) used by 5 in-service secondary band teachers. Participants agreed to plan, teach, and video-record a 30-minute band rehearsal early in the second semester of the school year. I viewed each video and created a log of applications of PCK based on previous models. An independent researcher confirmed the identified instances of applied PCK. Without exception, participants confirmed the researcher-identified applications of PCK. The responses from the participants varied: 1 participant reported apprenticeship of observation as the primary source of PCK; 1 reported apprenticeship of observation and methods courses equally; another reported intuition and peers equally; 1 reported peers; and another reported cooperating teacher. Participants recognized the positive impacts this type of metacognition had on their teaching and expressed eagerness to reflect about their PCK in the future.
Fifty Years in Folklore
Authors: Teske Robert T.
Published: June 2018

Much like Tim Lloyd, Robert Teske stumbled into folklore in the undergraduate classroom. He soon found himself a member of the first class of undergraduate folklore majors at Harvard University. Teske went on to complete a PhD in Folklore and Folklife at the University of Pennsylvania and embarked on an academic career teaching first at Wayne State and then at Western Kentucky University. Prepared for a lifetime of scholarly endeavor, Teske made a career U-turn when the opportunity arose to work at the National Endowment for the Arts, Folk Arts Program, under the leadership of Bess Lomax Hawes. He later returned to his home state of Wisconsin for a career working in arts and historical agencies. “Fifty Years in Folklore” is a revised version of a keynote address given by Teske in March 2017 at a symposium honoring the 50-year anniversary of the establishment of the Committee on Degrees in Folklore and Mythology at Harvard. As with the Lloyd interview included in this issue, it provides a personal and close look at a career trajectory of a folklorist active in our field’s past half-century.
Dwight Diller’s Documentation of the West Virginia Hammons Family
Authors: Stern Lewis M.
Published: June 2018

While many individuals discovered folklore in the undergraduate classroom, others entered the field through the portal of music (though, of course, the two groups are not mutually exclusive). Although the relationship between the folk revival and the professional field of folklore has often been noted, typically it is with a broad brush, looking at national trends rather than specific instances. In this essay, Lewis Stern examines in detail a narrow slice of this history. His is the story of a remarkable West Virginia family, the excitement they generated among a group of musicians (several of them nascent folklorists), and the relationships that developed between amateur and professional documentarians of folklife. The ensuing collaborations were both productive, resulting in recordings that are still influential in old-time music and chaotic in their archival results. With the patience of a detective, Stern teases out the many manifestations of Dwight Diller’s original recordings of the Hammons family and discusses the ultimate fate of the recordings.
Mapping Appalachia’s Boundaries: Historiographic Overview and Digital Collection
Authors: Scales Stewart , Satterwhite Emily , August Abigail
Published: June 2018

In this article, we offer a historiographical overview of major scholarly and political delineations of Appalachia from 1895 to the present alongside an online component that allows for an extensive virtual collection of historical maps as well as greater dynamism for user exploration.
Effect of educational nursing program on quality of life for patients with type II diabetes mellitus at Assiut University Hospital
Authors: Mostafa Neama Mamdouh , Ahmed Ghada Hassan , Anwar Walaa
Published: June 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus constantly changes a patient’s life. Patient’s self care, consisting of daily insulin injections or oral anti-diabetic agents, self monitoring of blood glucose and diabetic diet has an impact on QOL. The aim of the present study was to assess quality of life for patients with type II diabetes mellitus, to develop and implement an educational nursing program for patients with type II diabetes mellitus, to evaluate the effect of applying the educational nursing program on quality of life for patients with type II diabetes mellitus pre and after two months from application of educational program.Methods: The study was conducted in the internal medicine department, internal medicine and diabetes clinic at University Hospital (Assiut–Egypt). Sixty adult patients were divided randomly equally into two groups (study group and control group) thirty for each group. The following tools were utilized for data collection: first tool “Structured patient interview questionnaire sheet”; it included two parts (socio-demographic characteristic and medical data), second tool “World Health Organization Quality of life (WHOQOL-WHO) scale”.Results: In the control group 40% of diabetic patients had good quality of life score while in the study group 100% had good quality of life after application of the educational program.Conclusions: The results of the present study concluded that: according to the control group, there was no statistically significant difference pre and post program in all domains of quality of life scale. According to the study group there was a highly significant effect of educational program on promotion of quality of life in physical, psychological, and social domains scale. Recommendations: Providing a written educational nursing program is of great importance for the patients.
The Ethical Concepts in the Islamic Education Book for Sixth Grade Basic (Comparative Study)
Authors: Al -Jazi Abdullah Ali
Published: June 2018

The study aimed to compare the book of Islamic Education sixth grade basic in both Jordan and the UAE in the light ofthe ethical concepts that should be included in the book. To achieve this goal, a list of these ethical concepts was prepared,and according to it, the content of both books has been analyzed. The results showed differences in the availability ofthese concepts in the books as well as the imbalance in the distribution of these concepts in the books. The results alsoshowed similarities and differences in the content of ethical concepts in both books.
Top Management Involvement in Open Innovation Processes: Learning from a Global Carmaker
Authors: Candelo Elena , Matricano Diego , Sorrentino Mario
Published: June 2018

Over the last decades, management scholars have largely investigated several aspects related to Open Innovation Processes – OIPs that concern the beginning, the diffusion and the future developments of the phenomenon, its typologies, its linkages with strategies and business models, its implementation, and even errors to be avoided when managing them. However, there is one aspect that seems to be underexplored and this deals with the involvement of top management.OIPs, like all the other managerial activities, need to be planned and defined ex ante; implemented, launched and managed; analyzed ex post. Thus, a decisional process – pertaining the activities to be carried out, human resources to be involved, criticalities to be avoided and results to be exploited – needs to be managed. Accordingly, the research question posed herein is: How do top managers handle OIPs?In order to respond to the above research question, a case study is presented hereinafter. This case study deals with an OIP launched by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), one of the top ten global carmakers, and concerning the car of the future. In particular, through this case study, it is rebuilt and analysed how FCA top managers have handled the whole OIP.By leveraging on the achieved results, the paper speculates on the strong commitment that top managers need to put in practice if they aspire to make OIPs successful.
A new genus of Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera) from South Africa
Authors: Gumovsky Alex
Published: June 2018

Afrocampe gen. nov. is described for its only species, A. prinslooi gen. et sp. nov., from Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa. This new genus is recognized as a member of the subfamily Tetracampinae Förster, 1856 of Tetracampidae Förster, 1856 based on the possession of 5-segmented tarsi in females and 4-segmented tarsi in males, the short straight calcar, the mesoscutum with distinct notauli, the mesoscutellum with two pairs of setae, the reduced mesopleural suture and the short stigmal and long postmarginal veins of the fore wing. Afrocampe gen. nov. is characterized by a large mesosoma, a non-convex first gastral tergite, an evenly acute calcar, a 5-segmented antennal funicle, a head lacking occipital carina and facial grooves and a long fore wing with distinctly delimited speculum, a bare admarginal area with a distinct admarginal row of setae on the underside and with 3 setal tracks (hair rows) radiating from the apex of the stigmal vein. The combination of these characters suggests a special status of the new genus within the subfamily Tetracampinae. Moreover, Afrocampe gen. nov. bears some resemblance to the Australian tetracampine genus Niticampe Bouček, 1988. The position of the latter in Tetracampinae, as well as habitus features of the former, are discussed.
Anatomia do lenho de Erythroxylum substriatum
Authors: Raddatz Dione Dambrós , Machado Paulo Fernando Dos Santos , Rosa Rossana Cortelini da , Souza Rita Dos Santos , Sutili Fabrício Jaques , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: June 2018

O lenho de Erythroxylum substriatum (Erytroxylaceae) é anatomicamente descrito e ilustrado com fotomicrografias. Na estrutura anatômica, salientam-se: porosidade difusa; vasos numerosos, solitários e em múltiplos radiais; parênquima tanto paratraqueal como apotraqueal; raios estreitos, numerosos, heterogêneos; e fibras com pequenas pontoações indistintamente areoladas.
Participação e representatividade nas pesquisas sobre os Conselhos Municipais de Educação
Authors: Alberto Vicente de Oliveira Camila , De Nez Egeslaine
Published: June 2018

Na organização dos sistemas e redes municipais de educação, os Conselhos Municipais de Educação (CMEs) podem assumir um espaço importante na proposição de políticas educacionais que apoiem o desenvolvimento de uma escola de qualidade socialmente referenciada. Diante disso, este texto tem por objetivo contribuir com o avanço na produção do  conhecimento sobre os CMEs, sua natureza, funções e relevância, tomando por base como as pesquisas realizadas no estado de Goiás sobre a temática debatem a participação e a representação social nesses Conselhos. Para tanto, realizou-se o estado do conhecimento em dissertações e teses nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Goiás. Foram encontrados cinco estudos envolvendo os CMEs, com diferentes objetos, porém a análise dos dados permitiu inferir que não há nenhuma pesquisa que aborde diretamente a questão da participação e da representação social nos Conselhos. Contudo, considerando que essas categorias são elementos fundamentais na implementação da gestão democrática, todos os estudos abordam essa problemática destacando que nos conselhos pesquisados ainda se perpetuam práticas burocráticas e há pouca representatividade. Além disso, ainda estão extremamente atrelados ao poder executivo municipal, minimizando seu potencial e sua atuação no que se refere à mediação dos interesses da comunidade e à organização da educação pública.
O controle social nas ações do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Montes Claros a partir da perspectiva dos conselheiros
Authors: Campos do Prado Jeovandir , Almeida Cecídia Barreto , Parrela Cláudia Rosane
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo intentou compreender, a partir das ações do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Montes Claros, formas de efetividade do controle social sob a perspectiva de atuação dos Conselheiros. Objetivou-se inferir se as práticas desenvolvidas, no âmbito do respectivo Conselho, contribuiram diretamente para o exercício do controle social do direito à educação para todos. Entende-se, a partir do proposto pelo Instituto Pólis (2008), que o controle social se faz importante para garantir que as políticas governamentais atendam, de fato, às necessidades prioritárias da população, concernente à melhora dos níveis de oferta e de qualidade dos serviços, assim como o controle e fiscalização dos recursos públicos. A participação ampla da sociedade no controle social fortalece as políticas públicas, tornando-as mais adequadas às necessidades da coletividade e ao interesse público com relação ao seu alcance e finalidade. Desse modo, o procedimento metodológico utilizado se apoiou em análise documental através do regimento interno e de atas, de pesquisa bibliográfica e de entrevistas com conselheiros.
A perspectiva da qualidade da educação presente nas ações do Conselho Municipal presente nas ações do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Rio Verde – GO
Authors: Raimann Elizabeth Gottschalg , Dias Renata Freitas
Published: June 2018

O artigo objetiva apresentar os resultados de pesquisa, na qual se buscou analisar a perspectiva da qualidade da educação presente nas ações do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Rio Verde/GO (COMERV). Para isso, fez-se uma pesquisa exploratória e documental em atas, resoluções e legislação vigente do COMERV, entre os anos de 1997 a 2016. A análise foi subsidiada pelas contribuições de Bordignon (2009), Lima (2001, 2010) e Motta (1984). As categorias de análise foram: qualidade, autonomia e participação. Como resultados, as ações do Conselho apontam para possibilidades de se buscar a qualidade da educação mediante ações de inclusão, melhoria no atendimento aos alunos e revisão no atual sistema de eleição de seus participantes. Sobre as normas atuais relacionadas à eleição dos membros do Conselho, foi possível concluir que a escolha pelo chefe do Poder Executivo, a partir de lista tríplice apresentada pela comunidade, tem comprometido a ação democrática e a qualidade da educação. A boa vontade e conhecimento dos conselheiros não bastam para romper o paradigma da participação limitada, tendo em vista, principalmente, que os conselhos municipais de educação têm o desafio de trabalhar a sua função mobilizadora e propositiva junto à sociedade, posicionando-se contra as situações que impossibilitem a qualidade social da educação
La televisión como máximo exponente de la transmisión de valores en la sociedad. Un caso aplicado al programa Cuarto Milenio
Authors: Carrero Márquez Oliver
Published: June 2018

The aim of this research focuses on the analysis of the values built through the narrative structure and mise en scène of the programme Cuarto Milenio. This research aims to launch a line of work which, from the University, allows for establishing general patterns that set out guidelines of what should be responsible communication for an increasingly demanded information segment and that is of paramount importance, by participating in some of the stresses of the collective unconscious of the individual, throughout the history of mankind. The reason why we chose Cuarto Milenio is because of its long life on the air: (they just reached the 11th season) with its possible impact on a society that has lost traditional references such as the Church, the School and the Family as axiological axes of important beliefs and behaviour, on which the individual’s personality is based. Regarding the methodology, after analysing the discursive lines of the first ten seasons of Cuarto Milenio, a compilation of twenty programmes has been produced. These programmes correspond with the first two broadcastings of each season. Once the corpus has been defined, the criteria to split up the text have been established. A reading diagram has been applied to each programme, according to the topics, focused on narrative and representative aspects. All that with the purpose of carrying out a descriptive qualitative analysis of their lines of discourse, so the values transmitted in Cuarto Mileno can be distinguished. Furthermore, due to the wide axiological spectrum to be considered, this has been delimited to the classification that the LOGSE (Spanish General Education Law) considered essential for the complete formation of the individual. From the application of the reading diagram, we deduce that the space directed by Iker Jimenez takes part of the values of personalisation, socialisation and transcendence due to the way information is treated and its mise en scène.
Las redes sociales y su efecto sobre la confianza en las tiendas online
Authors: Higueras Redecillas Juan Carlos , Alard Josemaría Julio , Mercado Idoeta Carmelo
Published: June 2018

E-commerce is growing at high rates, hence quite a lot of retailers are appearing in the Internet, trying to make a difference in the global market. Moreover, the presence of many companies in social media platforms and the development of virtual communities around the retailer corporate brand, are encouraging the sharing of reviews and experiences between consumers, creating higher levels of retailer awareness and a perceived image for online stores that is shared by consumers who access social networks. In addition, online word of mouth has an influence on the trust that consumers place in a virtual store, something that is increasingly important for earning a competitive edge. This article discusses the relationship between the retailers’ social media activities and the process for building trust through awareness, the perceived image and quality of the online service as mediating variables. For this, a survey of 301 consumers was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire. The findings of the structural equation model showed evidence of the effect of social media on awareness and perceived image of the store, finding no evidence of any influence on perceived quality of service. Likewise, evidence of the relationship between online store image and quality of service in retailer trust was also found.
Recruitment of two dyneins to an mRNA-dependent Bicaudal D transport complex
Authors: Sladewski Thomas E , Billington Neil , Ali M Yusuf , Bookwalter Carol S , Lu Hailong , Krementsova Elena B , Schroer Trina A , Trybus Kathleen M
Published: June 2018

We investigated the role of full-length Drosophila Bicaudal D (BicD) binding partners in dynein-dynactin activation for mRNA transport on microtubules. Full-length BicD robustly activated dynein-dynactin motility only when both the mRNA binding protein Egalitarian (Egl) and K10 mRNA cargo were present, and electron microscopy showed that both Egl and mRNA were needed to disrupt a looped, auto-inhibited BicD conformation. BicD can recruit two dimeric dyneins, resulting in faster speeds and longer runs than with one dynein. Moving complexes predominantly contained two Egl molecules and one K10 mRNA. This mRNA-bound configuration makes Egl bivalent, likely enhancing its avidity for BicD and thus its ability to disrupt BicD auto-inhibition. Consistent with this idea, artificially dimerized Egl activates dynein-dynactin-BicD in the absence of mRNA. The ability of mRNA cargo to orchestrate the activation of the mRNP (messenger ribonucleotide protein) complex is an elegant way to ensure that only cargo-bound motors are motile.
Disentangling the strings that organize behavior
Authors: Louis Matthieu , Simpson Julie H
Published: June 2018

The neurons that connect the brain and ventral nerve cord in fruit flies have been mapped in unprecedented detail.
«Jeg savner barnet mitt». Møter mellom somaliske mødre og barnehagen
Authors: Sønsthagen Anne Grethe
Published: June 2018

The focus of this article is the establishment and development of trust between Somali mothers and educators in Norwegian kindergartens. Qualitative interviews with five Somali mothers and four educators were conducted, aiming to raise awareness and achieve a relation of trust amongst the educators and mothers with a minority background. Using critical theory as a lens, the study shows a negotiation process between the mothers and the educators, where elements of sharing, adapting and belonging became important. The mothers went through a process of adaption to the Norwegian kindergarten. The article argues that educators should focus more on mutual dialogue rather than informing monologue in their communication with parents and that both sides have to be open to mutual change.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of uracil-processing genes affect the occurrence and the onset of recurrent depressive disorder
Authors: Czarny Piotr , Wigner Paulina , Strycharz Justyna , Watala Cezary , Swiderska Ewa , Synowiec Ewelina , Galecki Piotr , Talarowska Monika , Szemraj Janusz , Su Kuan-Pin , Sliwinski Tomasz
Published: June 2018

Depressive disorders (DD) are known to be associated with increased DNA damage, the impairment of DNA damage repair, and the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA damage repair genes. Some indirect evidence also suggests that uracil metabolism may be disrupted in depressed patients. Therefore, the current study genotypes three SNPs localized in genes encoding uracil-processing proteins: two glycosylases, i.e., UNG g.7245G>C (rs34259), SMUG1 c.-31A>G (rs3087404), and dUTPase, i.e., DUT g.48638795G>T (rs4775748). The polymorphisms were analyzed in 585 DNA samples (282 cases and 303 controls) using TaqMan probes. The G/G genotype and G allele of UNG polymorphism decreased the risk of depression, while the G/C genotype and C allele of the same SNP increased it. It was also found that G/G carriers had their first episode significantly later than the heterozygotes. Although there was no association between the occurrence of depression and the SMUG1 SNP, a significant difference was found between the homozygotes regarding the onset of DD. In conclusion, the SNPs localized in the uracil-processing genes may modulate the occurrence and the onset of depression, which further supports the hypothesis that impairment of DNA damage repair, especially base-excision repair, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Comprehensive analysis of key genes, microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shi Baoqi , Zhang Xuejun , Chao Lumeng , Zheng Yu , Tan Yongsheng , Wang Liang , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2018

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common aggressive cancer whose molecular mechanism remains elusive. We aimed to identify the key genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved with HCC. We obtained mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA profiles for HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and then identified differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). We performed functional annotation of DEmRNAs and then constructed HCC‐specific DEmiRNA–DEmRNA, DEmiRNA–DElncRNA and DElncRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA interaction networks. We searched for nearby targetcis‐DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs and performed receiver operating characteristic and survival analyses. A total of 1239 DEmRNAs, 33 DEmiRNAs and 167 DElncRNAs in HCC were obtained. Retinol metabolism [false discovery rate (FDR) = 7.02 × 10−14] and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (FDR = 7.30 × 10−11) were two significantly enriched pathways in HCC. We obtained 545 DEmiRNA–DEmRNA pairs that consisted of 258 DEmRNAs and 28 DEmiRNAs in HCC. mir‐424, miR‐93 and miR‐3607 are three hub DEmiRNAs of the HCC‐specific DEmiRNA–DEmRNA interaction network. HAND2‐AS1/ENSG00000232855–miR‐93–LRAT/RND3, ENSG00000232855–miR‐877–RCAN1and ENSG00000232855–miR‐224–RND3interactions were found in the HCC‐specific DElncRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA interaction network. A total of three DElncRNA–nearby target DEmRNA pairs (HCG25–KIFC1, LOC105378687–CDC20and LOC101927043–EPCAM) in HCC were obtained. Diagnostic and prognostic values of several selected DElncRNAs, DEmRNAs and DEmiRNAs for HCC were assessed. Our study identified several DEmRNAs, DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs with great diagnostic or prognostic value for HCC, which may facilitate studies into the molecular mechanisms, and development of potential biomarkers and therapeutic target sites for HCC.
Improving accuracy for stereotactic body radiotherapy treatments of spinal metastases
Authors: Rijken James , Jordan Barry , Crowe Scott , Kairn Tanya , Trapp Jamie
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Use of SBRT techniques is now a relatively common recourse for spinal metastases due to good local control rates and durable pain control. However, the technique has not yet reached maturity for gantry‐based systems, so work is still required in finding planning approaches that produce optimum conformity as well as delivery for the slew of treatment planning systems and treatment machines.

Methods

A set of 32 SBRT spine treatment plans based on four vertebral sites, varying in modality and number of control points, were created in Pinnacle. These plans were assessed according to complexity metrics and planning objectives as well as undergoing treatment delivery QA on an Elekta VersaHD through ion chamber measurement, ArcCheck, film‐dose map comparison and MLC log‐file reconstruction via PerFraction.

Results

All methods of QA demonstrated statistically significant agreement with each other (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). Plan complexity and delivery accuracy were found to be independent of MUs (r = 0.22, P > 0.05) but improved with the number of control points (r = 0.46, P < 0.03); with use of 90 control points producing the most complex and least accurate plans. The fraction of small apertures used in treatment had no impact on plan quality or accuracy (r = 0.29, P > 0.05) but rather more complexly modulated plans showed poorer results due to MLC leaf position inaccuracies. Plans utilizing 180 and 240 control points produced optimal plan coverage with similar complexity metrics to each other. However, plans with 240 control points demonstrated slightly better delivery accuracy, with fewer MLC leaf position discrepancies.

Conclusion

In contrast to other studies, MU had no effect on delivery accuracy, with the most impactful parameter at the disposal of the planner being the number of control points utilized.
Using 4DCT‐ventilation to characterize lung function changes for pediatric patients getting thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Vinogradskiy Yevgeniy , Faught Austin , Castillo Richard , Castillo Edward , Guerrero Thomas , Miften Moyed , Liu Arthur K.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

A form of lung functional imaging has been developed that uses 4DCT data to calculate ventilation (4DCT‐ventilation). Because 4DCTs are acquired as standard‐of‐care to manage breathing motion during radiotherapy, 4DCT‐ventilation provides functional information at no extra dosimetric or monetary cost. 4DCT‐ventilation has yet to be described in children. 4DCT‐ventilation can be used as a tool to help assess post‐treatment lung function and predict for future clinical thoracic toxicities for pediatric patients receiving radiotherapy to the chest. The purpose of this work was to perform a preliminary evaluation of 4DCT‐ventilation‐based lung function changes for pediatric patients receiving radiotherapy to the lungs.

Methods

The study used four patients with pre and postradiotherapy 4DCTs. The 4DCTs, deformable image registration, and a density‐change‐based algorithm were used to compute pre and post‐treatment 4DCT‐ventilation images. The post‐treatment 4DCT‐ventilation images were compared to the pretreatment 4DCT‐ventilation images for a global lung response and for an intrapatient dose–response (providing an assessment for dose‐dependent regional dose–response).

Results

For three of the four patients, a global ventilation decline of 7–37% was observed, while one patient did not demonstrate a global functional decline. Dose–response analysis did not reveal an intrapatient dose–response from 0 to 20 Gy for three patients while one patient demonstrated increased 4DCT‐ventilation decline as a function of increasing lung doses up to 50 Gy.

Conclusions

Compared to adults, pediatric patients have unique lung function, dosimetric, and toxicity profiles. The presented work is the first to evaluate spatial lung function changes in pediatric patients using 4DCT‐ventilation and showed lung function changes for three of the four patients. The early changes demonstrated with lung function imaging warrant further longitudinal work to determine whether the imaging‐based early changes can be predicted for long‐term clinical toxicity.
Influences of Initial Microstructures on Portevin‐Le Chatelier Effect and Mechanical Properties of a Ni–Fe–Cr–Base Superalloy
Authors: Lin Y. C. , Yang Hui , Chen Xiao‐Min , Chen Dong‐Dong
Published: June 2018

Effects of initial microstructures on the Portevin‐Le Chatelier effect (PLC) and mechanical properties of a Ni–Fe–Cr‐base superalloy are investigated by hot tensile deformation tests. The inverse PLC effect only occurs in the ST (solution treated) and SAT (solution plus δ phases aging precipitation) superalloys when the deformation temperature is above 873 K. Effects of initial microstructures on the temperature range of PLC effect are obvious, that is, the narrowest temperature range for the HS (solution plus γ′/γ″ phases aging precipitation) superalloy, while the widest temperature range for the ST superalloy. The average activation energy for type A/A+B/B serrations can be determined as 65–81 kJ mol−1, which contributes to the migration of carbon atoms through pipe diffusion. Meanwhile, the average activation energy for type C serration is about 132–175 kJ mol−1, which is induced by the pipe diffusion of substitutional atoms. An obvious increase in the yield strength with increasing the deformation temperature from 900 to 973 K is observed for the ST and SAT superalloys. Also, the negative strain rate sensitivity is found in the PLC effect regime. The ST and HS superalloys exhibit the ductile fracture. However, a mixture of ductile transgranular and cleavage fracture is observed in the SAT superalloy.
Host Cell Mimic Polymersomes for Rapid Detection of Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus via a Viral Fusion and Cell Entry Mechanism
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ouk , Na Woonsung , Yeom Minjoo , Choi Jihye , Kim Jihye , Lim Jong‐Woo , Yun Dayeon , Chun Haejin , Park Geunseon , Park Chaewon , Kim Jeong‐Ki , Jeong Dae Gwin , Le Van Phan , Lee Kwangyeol , Lee Jae Myun , Jeong Hyoung Hwa , Song Daesub , Haam Seungjoo
Published: June 2018

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections have occurred continuously and crossed the species barrier to humans, leading to fatalities. A polymerase chain reaction based molecular test is currently the most sensitive diagnostic tool for HPAIV; however, the results must be analyzed in centralized diagnosis systems by a trained individual. This requirement leads to delays in quarantine and isolation. To control the spread of HPAIV, rapid and accurate diagnostics suitable for field testing are needed, and the tests must facilitate a differential diagnosis between HPAIV and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), which undergo cleavage specifically by trypsin‐ or furin‐like proteases, respectively. In this study, a differential avian influenza virus rapid test kit is developed and evaluated in vitro and using clinical specimens from HPAIV H5N1‐infected animals. It is demonstrated that this rapid test kit provides highly sensitive and specific detection of HPAIV and LPAIV and is thus a useful field diagnostic tool for H5N1 HPAIV outbreaks and for rapid quarantine control of the disease.
High‐Performance Photovoltaic Effect with Electrically Balanced Charge Carriers in Black Phosphorus and WS2 Heterojunction
Authors: Kwak Do‐Hyun , Ra Hyun‐Soo , Jeong Min‐Hye , Lee A‐Young , Lee Jong‐Soo
Published: June 2018

2D van der Waals materials are promising for various electronic and optoelectronic devices because of their thickness‐dependent mobility and tunable bandgap. Recently, heterojunction structures based on 2D van der Waals materials have exhibited their potential for photovoltaic applications as ultrathin p–n diodes. In this study, the photovoltaic effect of a multilayer black phosphorus (BP)/WS2 p–n heterojunction device is demonstrated under the 405 nm laser illumination and the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. The diode‐like characteristics and photovoltaic effect rely on balance between charge carriers in the heterojunction device, by showing the highest performance at the balance position. The gate‐tunable heterojunction device shows a high current rectification of 103 and an external quantum efficiency of 4.4% under the 405 nm laser illumination, and a photovoltaic efficiency of 4.6% under the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. This work suggests that the balancing of the charge carriers in the 2D heterojunction p–n diode is highly prioritized to fabricate high‐performance photovoltaic device.
Recent Advances in Perovskite Micro‐ and Nanolasers
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Wang Shuai , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai
Published: June 2018

Lead halide perovskites have been very promising photovoltaic materials due to their unique properties, such as high absorption coefficients, long carrier diffusion lengths, and ultralow densities of trap states, etc. Very recently, the certified power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been increased to 22.7%, approaching that of crystalline silicon solar cells. As direct bandgap semiconductors, lead halide perovskites also show wide‐band tunable emissions with high quantum yield, which is important for numerous practical applications, especially for the “green gap” region of conventional semiconductors such as III‐nitrides and III‐phosphides. Consequently, versatile lead halide perovskite based micro‐ and nanolasers have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in the past few years. This review discusses the recent advances of perovskite micro‐ and nanolasers. Following their fundamentals in light confinement and material properties, perovskite micro‐ and nanolasers have been categorized into six sections, i.e., pristine lasers, structured perovskite lasers, multiphoton pumped lasers, perovskite lasers with better stability, postsynthetic control of perovskite lasers, and perovskite laser arrays. At last, future prospects for perovskite lasers are provided.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals: Microscopy Insights in Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: de Weerd Chris , Gregorkiewicz Tom , Gomez Leyre
Published: June 2018

The all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals are recently in the research spotlight because of their potential use in photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, partly thanks to their excellent optical properties and low‐cost production. This progress report focuses on the performance and characteristics of individual all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals from a microscopy point of view. High resolution techniques enable the characterization of this promising material on the microscale, providing information concerning individual nanocrystals.
Terahertz Emission from Compensated Magnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Mengji , Mishra Rahul , Wu Yang , Lee Kyusup , Yang Hyunsoo
Published: June 2018

Terahertz emission spectroscopy (TES) has recently played an important role in unveiling the spin dynamics at a terahertz (THz) frequency range. So far, ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic heterostructures have been intensively studied as THz sources. Compensated magnets such as a ferrimagnet (FIM) and antiferromagnet (AFM) are other types of magnetic materials with interesting spin dynamics. In this work, TES from compensated magnetic heterostructures including CoGd FIM alloy or IrMn AFM layers is studied. Systematic measurements on composition and temperature dependences of THz emission from CoGd/Pt bilayer structures are conducted. It is found that the emitted THz field is determined by the net spin polarization of the laser‐induced spin current rather than the net magnetization. The temperature robustness of the FIM‐based THz emitter is also demonstrated. On the other hand, an AFM plays a different role in THz emission. The IrMn/Pt bilayer shows negligible THz signals, whereas Co/IrMn induces sizable THz outputs, indicating that IrMn is not a good spin current generator, but a good detector. These results not only suggest that a compensated magnet can be utilized for robust THz emission, but also provide a new approach to study the magnetization dynamics especially near the magnetization compensation point.
Sn[B2O3F2]—The First Tin Fluorooxoborate as Possible NLO Material
Authors: Jantz Stephan G. , Dialer Marwin , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Winkler Björn , van Wüllen Leo , Pielnhofer Florian , Brgoch Jakoah , Weihrich Richard , Höppe Henning A.
Published: June 2018

Herein, the crystal structure as well as second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG), thermal and spectroscopic properties of Sn[B2O3F2] (TFB = tin‐fluorooxo‐borate) are presented. TFB adopts a novel non‐centrosymmetric crystal structure, which is determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) (P31m, Z = 1, a = 4.5072(2) Å, c = 4.7624(3) Å) and comprises [B2O3F2]2− layers consisting solely of BO3F tetrahedra; the covalent BF bonds are unequivocally localized via solid‐state NMR spectroscopy as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. TFB is insensitive to air and moisture, shows a stronger SHG intensity than K[H2PO4] (KDP) and a bandgap of ≈5 eV. The thermal decomposition yields two new borate fluorides.
Enhancement and Switching of Fano Resonance in Metamaterial
Authors: Mun Sang‐Eun , Yun Hansik , Choi Chulsoo , Kim Sun‐Je , Lee Byoungho
Published: June 2018

Excitation and manipulation of Fano resonances in plasmonic nanostructure have attracted considerable attention due to its capability of degrees of freedom in artificial design especially for spectral positions and quality factors (Q factors). To utilize the high Q factor of Fano resonances in practical applications, their sharp peaks or dips should be well detected, which means a high intensity of resonance line shape. Thus far, the realization of Fano resonant nanostructure with both the high Q factor and the intensity to overcome the trade‐off between them remains a challenge. This study both numerically and experimentally demonstrates that the high Q factor and Fano intensity are simultaneously sustained in near‐infrared region. A Fano metamaterial consisting of gold double nanorods and film with dielectric spacer between them to enhance the Fano resonance is proposed. Due to their strong near‐field coupling, the performance of the Fano resonance is significantly improved and the intensities of in‐phase and out‐of‐phase plasmonic resonances can be flexibly manipulated by easily changing the angle of incident light. These results show a novel approach with important implications of Fano resonances for realizing practical applications in optical sensing including chemical or biomedical sensors, enhanced spectroscopy, and nonlinear optical devices.
Water‐Soluble Hybrid Graphene Ink for Gravure‐Printed Planar Supercapacitors
Authors: Chang Quanhong , Li Lemei , Sai Liman , Shi Wangzhou , Huang Lei
Published: June 2018

Flexible printed all‐solid‐state graphene‐based planar supercapacitors have attracted great attentions for their potential applications in portable and wearable electronics. However, the limited ion accessible surface area and slow ion diffusion rate lead to low specific capacitance and poor rate performance. Increasing the diffussion of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based gel electrolyte into the printed graphene microelectrodes is a great challenge for improving its energy storage. In this work, the hydrophilic N‐doped graphene combining with the PVA‐H3PO4 gel electrolyte is attempted to assemble to a stabilized water‐soluble graphene@PVA‐H3PO4 hybrid ink formulation for gravure‐printed planar supercapacitors. Through optimizing the ink properties and investigating the physical interaction between the ink and gravure cells, graphene@PVA‐H3PO4 microelectrodes are successfully gravure printed. The improved accessibility of electrolyte ions to the active surfaces of graphene in the printed microelectrodes leads to the enhanced electrochemical performance of the flexible planar supercapacitors. The increased areal capacitance of 37.5 mF cm−2 is achieved at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The maximum energy density of 5.20 µWh cm−2 is obtained at the areal power density of 3.2 mW cm−2, corresponding to a volumetric energy density of 2.08 mWh cm−3.
Effect of Alkyl‐Chain Length on Charge Transport Properties of Organic Semiconductors and Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Cao David Xi , Lill Alexander T. , Jiang Lang , Di Chong‐An , Gao Xike , Sirringhaus Henning , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: June 2018

The molecular structure and electrical properties of two n‐type organic small molecules which have the same core but different alkyl chains are compared. The effect of the length of alkyl chains on charge transport along the alkyl‐chain stacking direction (out‐of‐plane) is investigated by a combination of techniques. The results show that a longer alkyl chain corresponds to lower out‐of‐plane mobility (µout‐of‐plane). More importantly, it is found that this effect not only plays a significant role in affecting the performance of diode‐structure devices such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) or organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but also has profound influence on the performance of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), especially for OFETs which are in staggered configuration.
Electrochromic Metal Oxides: Recent Progress and Prospect
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Man , Ma Jianmin , Cao Yuliang , Deng Yonghong
Published: June 2018

Electrochromism has received increasing attention due to its unique electrochromic feature and the induced applications. This review provides an overview on the recent developments in the synthesis and application of the electrochromic metal oxides in smart windows, display devices, e‐skins, and multifunctional energy storage devices. The main cathodic and anodic electrochromic metal oxides are surveyed here, with the discussion of representative examples in details. The current state‐of‐the‐art research activities of the derived multifunctional electrochromic devices are highlighted, i.e., material systems, components, structures, morphology, the resulting performance, etc. Major challenges and potential solutions are also discussed. Additionally, the future perspective on the development trends in electrochromic metal oxides and the commercialization of relevant devices is also proposed.
Ultrafast Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries Cathode for Stable Intermittent Grid‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Chen Xianjue , Zhao Chuan
Published: June 2018

The inherent short‐term transience of solar and wind sources cause significant challenges for the electricity grid. Energy storage systems that can simultaneously provide high power, long cycle life, and high energy efficiency are required to accommodate the fast‐changing output fluctuations. Here, an ultrafast aqueous K‐ion battery based on the potassium‐rich mesoporous nickel ferrocyanide (II) (K2NiFe(CN)6·1.2H2O) is developed. This battery achieves an unprecedented rate capability up to 500 C (8214 W kg−1), which only takes 4.1 s for one charge or discharge. The open‐framework structure of K2NiFe(CN)6·1.2H2O with small volume variation supports the capacity retention of 98.6% after 5000 cycles, and a superior round‐trip energy efficiency of 95.6% at a 5 C rate. Beyond monovalent ion storage, K2NiFe(CN)6·1.2H2O can also function as a versatile high‐rate cathode for divalent‐ion batteries (Mg2+), trivalent‐ion batteries (Al3+), and hybrid full‐cells applications. These properties represent a significant step forward in the exploitation of ultrafast metal ions storage, and accelerate the development of intermittent grid‐scale energy storage technologies.