bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subsecond Spikes in Fermi GBM X-Ray Flux as a Probe for Solar Flare Particle Acceleration
Authors: Knuth Trevor , Glesener Lindsay
Published: November 2020

Solar flares are known to release a large amount of energy into accelerating electrons. Studying small timescale (≤2s) fluctuations in nonthermal X-ray flux offers the opportunity to probe the nature of those acceleration mechanisms. By comparing the durations, differences in timing between energy bands, and the periodicity of these spikes against the relevant timescales called for by various acceleration mechanisms, a test for each mechanism’s validity can be made. This work details the analysis of fast fluctuations in Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi GBM) data from two M9.3 class solar flares that occurred on SOL2011-07-30 and SOL2011-08-04. This study shows the usefulness of Fermi GBM data as a means of examining these small timescale spikes and presents a rigorous method of identifying, counting, and measuring the temporal properties of these subsecond X-ray spikes. In the two flares examined we found spikes to primarily occur in spans of 60–100 s in the impulsive phase. The relative spike intensity averaged between 6% and 28% when compared to the slowly varying component of the X-ray flux. The average spike durations were 0.49 and 0.38 s for the 2 flares. The spike duration distribution for the SOL2011-08-04 flare was found to follow a power law with a −1.2 ± 0.3 index. Of the three spiking intervals identified, only one was found to have a periodicity, showing significant power at the 1.7 ± 0.1 Hz frequency.
The Far-UV Interstellar Radiation Field in Galactic Disks: Numerical and Analytic Models
Authors: Bialy Shmuel
Published: November 2020

The intensity of the far-ultraviolet (FUV; 6–13.6 eV) interstellar radiation field (ISRF) in galaxies determines the thermal and chemical evolution of the neutral interstellar gas and is key for interpreting extragalactic observations and for theories of star formation. We run a series of galactic disk models and derive the FUV ISRF intensity as a function of the dust-to-gas ratio, star formation rate density, gas density, scale radius, and observer position. We develop an analytic formula for the median FUV ISRF flux. We identify two-dimensionless parameters in the problem: (1) the dimensionless galactic radius, X, which measures the radial extent of FUV sources (OB stellar associations) in the disk; and (2) the opacity over the intersource distance, τ
⋆, which measures the importance of dust absorption. These parameters encapsulate the dependence on all of the physical parameters. We find that there exists a critical τ
⋆, or equivalently a critical dust-to-gas ratio,

, the Milky Way value, at which the ISRF changes behavior. For

the ISRF is limited by dust absorption. With decreasing

, the ISRF intensity increases as more sources contribute to the flux. For

the ISRF saturates as the disk becomes optically thin. We find that the ISRF per star formation rate density in low-metallicity systems, such as dwarf and high-redshift galaxies, is higher by up to a factor of 3–6 compared to their Milky Way counterparts. We discuss the implications these findings have for the potential mechanisms that regulate star formation in low-metallicity galaxies.
Quasi-adiabatic and Stochastic Heating and Particle Acceleration at Quasi-perpendicular Shocks
Authors: Stasiewicz Krzysztof , Eliasson Bengt
Published: November 2020

Based on Magnetospheric Multiscale observations from the Earth’s bow shock, we have identified two plasma heating processes that operate at quasi-perpendicular shocks. Ions are subject to stochastic heating in a process controlled by the heating function

for particles with mass m

j
and charge q

j
in the electric and magnetic fields

and

. Test-particle simulations are employed to identify the parameter ranges for bulk heating and stochastic acceleration of particles in the tail of the distribution function. The simulation results are used to show that ion heating and acceleration in the studied bow shock crossings is accomplished by waves at frequencies (2–10)f

cp
(proton gyrofrequency) for the bulk heating, and

for the tail acceleration. When electrons are not in the stochastic heating regime,

, they undergo a quasi-adiabatic heating process characterized by the isotropic temperature relation

. This is obtained when the energy gain from the conservation of the magnetic moment is redistributed to the parallel energy component through the scattering by waves. The results reported in this paper may be applicable also to particle heating and acceleration at astrophysical shocks.
A Coupled Guiding Center–Boris Particle Pusher for Magnetized Plasmas in Compact-object Magnetospheres
Authors: Bacchini Fabio , Ripperda Bart , Philippov Alexander A. , Parfrey Kyle
Published: November 2020

We present a novel numerical scheme for simulating the motion of relativistic charged particles in magnetospheres of compact objects, typically filled with highly magnetized collisionless plasmas. The new algorithm is based on a dynamic switch between the full system of equations of motion and a guiding-center approximation. The switch between the two formulations is based on the magnetization of the plasma particles, such that the dynamics are accurately captured by the guiding-center motion even when the gyrofrequency is underresolved by the time step. For particles with a large gyroradius, due to acceleration in, e.g., reconnecting current sheets, the algorithm adaptively switches to solve the full equations of motion instead. The new scheme is directly compatible with standard particle-in-cell codes, and is readily applicable in curved spacetimes via a dedicated covariant formulation. We test the performance of the coupled algorithm by evolving charged particles in electromagnetic configurations of reconnecting current sheets in magnetized plasma, obtained from special- and general-relativistic particle-in-cell simulations. The new coupled pusher is capable of producing highly accurate particle trajectories even when the time step is many orders of magnitude larger than the gyroperiod, substantially reducing the restrictions of the temporal resolution.
Detection of CH3C3N in Titan’s Atmosphere
Authors: Thelen Alexander E. , Cordiner Martin A. , Nixon Conor A. , Vuitton Véronique , Kisiel Zbigniew , Charnley Steven B. , Palmer Maureen Y. , Teanby Nicholas A. , Irwin Patrick G. J.
Published: November 2020

Titan harbors a dense, organic-rich atmosphere primarily composed of N2 and CH4, with lesser amounts of hydrocarbons and nitrogen-bearing species. As a result of high-sensitivity observations by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 6 (∼230–272 GHz), we obtained the first spectroscopic detection of CH3C3N (methylcyanoacetylene or cyanopropyne) in Titan’s atmosphere through the observation of seven transitions in the

and

rotational bands. The presence of CH3C3N on Titan was suggested by the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer detection of its protonated form: C4H3NH+, but the atmospheric abundance of the associated (deprotonated) neutral product is not well constrained due to the lack of appropriate laboratory reaction data. Here, we derive the column density of CH3C3N to be (3.8–5.7) × 1012 cm−2 based on radiative transfer models sensitive to altitudes above 400 km Titan’s middle atmosphere. When compared with laboratory and photochemical model results, the detection of methylcyanoacetylene provides important constraints for the determination of the associated production pathways (such as those involving CN, CCN, and hydrocarbons), and reaction rate coefficients. These results also further demonstrate the importance of ALMA and (sub)millimeter spectroscopy for future investigations of Titan’s organic inventory and atmospheric chemistry, as CH3C3N marks the heaviest polar molecule detected spectroscopically in Titan’s atmosphere to date.
Seasonal variability of gelatinous zooplankton during an anomalously warm year at Cabo Pulmo National Park, Mexico
Authors: Silveyra-Bustamante Angel Antonio , Gómez-Gutiérrez Jaime , González-Rodríguez Eduardo , Sánchez Carlos , Schiariti Agustín , Mendoza-Becerril María A.
Published: November 2020

The seasonal variability of gelatinous zooplankton (siphonophores, medusae, and thaliaceans) abundance was investigated at Cabo Pulmo National Park (CPNP) from weekly zooplankton samples collected throughout 2014. The Gulf of California had prolonged warming during 2009-2019, with 2014 as the anomalously warm year preceding El Niño 2015-2016 compared to the 2003-2020 SST time series. Gelatinous zooplankton accounted <1% of the entire zooplankton community abundance at CPNP during 2014, suggesting a low influence of predation pressure upon their zooplanktonic and micronekton preys. Siphonophores (57%), thaliaceans (42%), and medusae (1%) were present throughout the year. The abundance of gelatinous zooplankton had a significant negative association with sea surface temperature and a positive association with sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration and velocity and direction of the wind, increasing their abundance during October after the hurricane season. The gelatinous zooplankton species assemblage at the coastal CPNP was similar but less abundant than the gelatinous zooplankton species assemblage observed in the oceanic region of the southern Gulf of California during summer 2014. Tropical species Diphyes dispar, Abylopsis tetragona, Chelophyes contorta, and Thalia spp. numerically dominated the gelatinous zooplankton community associated with a regional heatwave period recorded during 2014. A high proportion of tropical zooplankton indicates that mesotrophic conditions sustain the current high biomass and diversity of nektonic and benthonic planktophagous fauna inhabiting CPNP. However, prolonged warming events might decrease zooplankton biomass in the southern region of the Gulf of California in the future.
Review of the biomonitoring of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances in aquatic ecosystems of Mexico: 2001-2016
Authors: Ramírez-Ayala Eduardo , Arguello-Pérez Miguel A. , Tintos-Gómez Adrián , Pérez-Rodríguez Rebeca Y. , Díaz-Gómez Juan A. , Borja-Gómez Imelda , Sepúlveda-Quiroz César Antonio , Patiño-Barragán Manuel , Lezama-Cervantes Carlos , Salomé-Baylón Joel
Published: November 2020

Mexico is responsible for the protection and management of a large number and variety of aquatic bodies of national and international importance. Environmental pollution by so-called persistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances (PBTS) poses significant risks for all of the world's aquatic ecosystems, especially in countries with emerging economies, where environmental regulations are often poorly implemented. In Mexico, the development of industrial projects and the deficient application of environmental regulations, together with the rapid increase in population and the inefficient disposal of urban waste, have generated a severe problem of water pollution in the country. National environmental protection programs have not included the monitoring of PBTS, even though researchers have been monitoring the main aquatic ecosystems of the country for nearly three decades, generating valuable information that could help improve the protection and exploitation of these ecosystems. The present work reviewed a large portion of the available literature (~150 articles) on aquatic biomonitoring of the main PBTS (Hg, Cd, Pb, POCs, and PCBs) in Mexico. This work aims to collect, synthesize, and facilitate the management and interpretation of the reported data to improve the country's aquatic ecosystems' protection and management.
Massive strandings of pleustonic Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis) related to ENSO events along the southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Canepa Antonio , Purcell Jennifer E. , Córdova Pablo , Fernández Miguel , Palma Sergio
Published: November 2020

Blooms of stinging pelagic cnidarians have been causing increasing health problems for humans worldwide. Physalia physalis is among the worst stinging species in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the North and South American coasts. This siphonophore species has a large gas float and lives at the ocean surface, where its distribution is affected mainly by winds. P. physalis's strandings were observed in the southeastern Pacific Ocean for three consecutive years (2014 to 2016). Data of stranded P. physalis were gathered daily through a collaborative effort between the Chilean Navy and the Chilean Ministry of Health. The association between oceanographic variables and the stranded P. physalis was assessed using a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) and cross-correlation analysis. The largest stranding occurred along more than 2600 km of coastline and totaled 44,683 colonies. Most of the strandings were along the central and south-central coast of Chile, where almost 200 people were stung, and more than 120 beaches were closed in summer 2016. The GAMM model showed that the oceanographic conditions of warmer temperatures during the winter periods and the weakening of the westerly winds associated with the Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were the most likely causes for the arrival of transport from the colonies to the coast. Also, our analysis illustrates the utility of collaborations among scientists and public organizations to promote large-scale and long-term understanding and provide a model for predicting this dangerous species' arrival and warning for beaches and swimmers, which is of global importance for human health.
Excellent Cuisine Worth a Detour
Authors: Oliveira-Brochado Fernando
Published: November 2020

Luxury restaurants are expected to offer outstanding culinary talent and expertise; be authentic, creative and consistent; and provide exciting quality food. Currently, culinary art discourses include a social dimension in which social networking sites are used to share gastronomic experiences and check recommendations. User-generated reviews are thus an intersection of participatory culture and ‘foodie' discoures. This study's main objective was to examine this phenomenon by analysing web reviews to identify the expressive dimensions that describe guests' experiences. Mixed-method content analysis was selected for this research, using qualitative text interpretation to supplement quantitative word counts and factor analyses. Content analysis of reviews of the top three Michelin-starred restaurants (i.e., two stars) in Portugal identified concepts used to assess haute cuisine experiences from the client's perspective. The results include a concept map encompassing the following dimensions: ‘food', ‘restaurant', ‘experience', ‘menu', ‘wine', ‘special (dinner)', ‘view', ‘beautiful (food)', ‘friendly (staff)', ‘chef', ‘visit' and ‘dessert'.
The Rise of Islamic Luxury
Authors: Aytaç Muhammed Bilgehan
Published: November 2020

As one of the essential elements of culture, the role of religiosity in consumer behavior has long been established and number of consumer research on Muslim individuals has been increasing rapidly in recent years. With the rapid increase of the Muslim population and the developing welfare level of the Islamic countries, it is observed that Islamic luxury consumption has also become widespread too. In this chapter, it is aimed to determine the conceptual framework of Islamic luxury consumption together with current trends. Three halal concepts which are considered as include more explicit examples of Islamic luxury are chosen and analyzed: halal fashion, halal cosmetics, and halal tourism. Throughout the text and in the conclusion part, it is aimed to create insights for marketers who interested in Islamic luxury.
Cutting Edge: CRISPR-Based Transcriptional Regulators Reveal Transcription-Dependent Establishment of Epigenetic Memory of Foxp3 in Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Cameron James , Martino Pieter , Nguyen Lina , Li Xudong
Published: November 2020

Transcription factor Foxp3 specifies and maintains regulatory T cell (Treg) identity. During Treg differentiation, a CpG-rich Foxp3 intronic enhancer, conserved noncoding sequence 2 (CNS2), is activated via DNA demethylation to establish epigenetic memory of Foxp3 expression to protect Treg identity. However, it is unclear how this epigenetic memory of Foxp3 expression is established, as CNS2 is thought to be demethylated independently of Foxp3 expression. In this article, we uncover an unexpected causal relationship between Foxp3-transcriptional activation and CNS2 demethylation in mice. CRISPR/dCas9–mediated Foxp3-transcriptional activation elicits CNS2 demethylation. Sustaining Foxp3-transcriptional activation in induced Tregs also promotes CNS2 demethylation, enhancing Treg lineage stability and suppressive function. Importantly, CRISPR-mediated silencing of Foxp3 transcription, but not protein expression, abolishes CNS2 demethylation. The novel finding that Foxp3-transcriptional activation promotes CNS2 demethylation may facilitate the development of Treg-based therapies and represent a general mechanism for the establishment of epigenetic memory of immune gene expression.
Implementation of a Free Maternal and Child Health Programme in a Nigerian State
Authors: Uzor Festus , Idoko Arthur , Nwobodo Ed
Published: November 2020

Background:

The Government of Enugu State as a policy response to reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity in the state introduced the Free Maternal and Child Health (MCH) programme for all pregnant mothers and under-5-year-old clients in public health facilities across the state in 2007.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-three health facilities, 487 clients of the public health facilities, 43 health facility workers, and 8 directors of the State Ministry of Health and the State Hospitals Management Board were randomly selected through a multistage sampling technique involving stratified sampling techniques. Various instruments, namely pretested structured questionnaire, in-depth interview, and document review, were used to elicit data for the appraisal of the programme in terms of concept, policy and plan, implementation, management, and outcome. Data obtained were analyzed and variables tested for significance.

Results:

Our findings indicate that more than 60% of the clients are aware and utilize the free MCH programme. There was an overall reduction in maternal deaths, and an increase in the number of deliveries in public facilities since inception of the programme in the state. There was also a significant improvement in the MCH service uptake and high clients’ satisfaction. Major setback was inadequate supportive supervision.

Conclusion:

There is a huge need for increased awareness creation regarding the programme to enhance utilization, especially in the rural areas. Comprehensive baseline data of the health indices of the affected population are paramount to any future comprehensive programme assessment and are hence recommended.
Product, Packaging and Waste Management Database (BDO): A New Public Service and its Application at the Local Level in Poland
Authors: Haładyj Anna Małgorzata
Published: November 2020

In Poland, a new register was established in January 2018, namely the Product, Packaging and Waste Management Database (in Polish – BDO). Its creation was partly necessitated by the implementation of Directive 2012/19/EU on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Regulation (EC) 1013/2006. The BDO is not only the Register of Notifications and Decisions regarding International Waste Shipments and the Register of Facilities with Issued Pre-Consent, but it is also a waste management tool. The article qualifies the BDO register as a public register under the assumption that, in relation to its recognition as a public register, it can fulfil an additional public utility function, defined as a public service of general interest provided by public authorities. Moreover, the BDO register allows its database content to be searched according to subject terms. It also constitutes a database that fosters the development of B2B services at the local level as it may facilitate searching for local waste collection, transport, recovery (recycling), and disposal providers in accordance with the proximity principle.
Tłumaczenia i recepcja w Europie i Turcji prac Judy Tadeusza Krusińskiego SI o wojnie afgańsko-perskiej i upadku dynastii Safawidów
Authors: Skowron Ryszard
Published: November 2020

European and Turkish translations and reception of works by Juda Tadeusz Krusiński SI regarding the Afghan-Persian war and the fall of the Safavid dynasty This article discusses the process of developing, editing and translating a Latin text written by the Polish Jesuit J.T. Krusiński dedicated to the reasons behind the fall of the Safavid dynasty and to the course of the Afghan-Persian War. The first manuscript was titled by the author as Historia revolutionis persicae. The Latin text, which was prepared in Rome, was then sent to Paris where it wasnot only translated into French, but also significantly modified and shortened by A. du Cerceau. The French paraphrase, published in 1728, became the basis for the English and Italian editions. Another version of Krusiński’s work was prepared and published in German by J. Stöcklein. He used not only the French edition, but also the Latin original of Krusiński’s text, which he had received from Vienna, as well as other sources. For the needs of the Ottoman court, Krusiński reviewed the Latin version, which was then translated and published in Turkish in 1729. This last edition caused a sharp dispute over the authorship of the Turkish translation between Krusiński and Ibrahim Mütaferrika, head of the Istanbul printing house. The Turkish edition of Father Juda Tadeusz Krusiński’s work complicated its reception in Europe even more, especially after the Turkish version had been retranslated into Latin by J.Ch. Clodius. The manuscripts stored in the Vienna library make it possible to trace the stages of developement of Krusiński’s work, which culminated in the publication of the book Tragica vertentis … (Lviv, 1740), his most comprehensive study of the Persian revolution.
Zakłady (dépôts) dla emigrantów polskich w Châteauroux i departamencie Indre w latach 1831–1833
Authors: Kuzicki Jerzy
Published: November 2020

Refugee depots for Polish emigrants in Châteauroux and Indre department in the years 1831–1833 In the article the author presents the setting up and operation of refugee depots (Fr. dépôts) in the Indre department for Polish emigrants who arrived in France after the fall of the November Uprising. The refugee depot in Châteauroux was one of the several depots founded by the French government. It was intended for civil exiles. The other camps for military refugees were set up in Avignon, Lunel, Besançon, Bourges, Lons-le-Saunier, Salins and Dijon. From the beginning of August 1832 till August 1833, the French authorities directed civilians to cities of Indre: Châteauroux – the capital of the department, as well as Issoudun, Levroux, La Chatre, Argenton, Buzançais, Chatillon, Saint Benoit, and La Blanc. The author establishes that in that period of time, 634 Polish refugees went through the camps of the Indre department. Most of them were students (from the Vilnius University), young officials and members of free professions. They came from the pre-partition areas of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Lithuania, Volhynia and Podolia). Despite the restrictive policy of the administration and the fact that they stayed in the French province, the Poles engaged in the social and political life of emigration. They participated actively in democratic and educational organizations of the Great Emigration. In many cases, by their own determination, they went to study and obtained aducation at French universities and technical universities. The article is based on sources from the Indre Department Archives in Châteauroux, archives of the Defense Historical Service in Vincennes, the National Archives in Paris, the Polish Library in Paris, the Princes Czartoryski Library in Krakow, and academic studies.
Lwowska Kongregacja Kupiecka w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Meus Konrad
Published: November 2020

Lviv Merchant Congregation in the interwar period In the interwar period, Lviv Merchant Congregation was undoubtedly one of the main organizations of the economic life in Eastern Lesser Poland. The importance of this organisation was visible in the increasing number of its members, who actually could count on the Congregation’s support in the difficult times of economic depression. Although Lviv Merchant Congregation did not last long, in comparison to its long-lasting Cracovian counterpart, it noted many significant successes. The most important was the establishment of the Trade School in Lviv, which would function for many years. Another success was the promotion of products offered by merchants from the Congregation. Last but not least, there was a cooperation between the Lviv Merchant Congregation and Trade and Industry Chamber (both of which consisted of the same members) which aimed at improving commerce in Lviv during the interwar period.
A Primary Care Provider’s Guide to Depression After Spinal Cord Injury: Is It Normal? Do We Treat It?
Authors: Bombardier Charles H. , Hurt Sean M. , Peters Natalie
Published: November 2020

Although most people with spinal cord injury (SCI) are emotionally resilient, as a group they are at increased risk of major depressive disorder. Depression tends to be undertreated in people with SCI, perhaps because depression is mistakenly viewed as an expected reaction to severe disability or is confused with grief. Depression and grief are distinguishable, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is a reliable and valid screen for major depression in this population. Major depression can be treated with antidepressants, especially venlafaxine XR, and with psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, focused on helping the person resume activities that were previously enjoyable or meaningful. Structured exercise also may help relieve depressed mood.
A Primary Care Provider’s Guide to Shoulder Pain After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Mulroy Sara J. , Hafdahl Luke , Dyson-Hudson Trevor
Published: November 2020

Shoulder pain is a common occurrence after spinal cord injury (SCI) and can have significant negative effects on health and function as many individuals with SCI are reliant on their upper extremities for mobility and self-care activities. Shoulder pain after SCI can be caused by acute injury or chronic pathology, but it is most often related to overuse injuries of the rotator cuff. Both acute strain and chronic overuse shoulder injuries in persons with SCI typically result from increased weight bearing on the upper extremities during transfers, weight-relief raises, and wheelchair propulsion, which are often performed in poor postural alignment owing to strength deficits. This article discusses management of patients with SCI who present with shoulder pain from the perspective of primary care physicians including evaluation and diagnostic procedures, interventions appropriate for both acute and chronic shoulder pain, and strategies for prevention.
Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Undergraduate Students of Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
Authors: AgyarkwaaOti Janet , Eshun Guy
Published: November 2020

Even though empirical evidence exists to validate the avowal that dietary habits hold the key in reducing the surge in non-communicable diseases among adolescents and young adults and for optimal nutritional status, little is known about the nexus of these variables in the Ghanaian context and much less in Ghanaian universities. In view of this dearth in literature, this study investigated dietary habits and its effect on nutritional status among undergraduate students of the Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba. Using the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) as the theoretical basis, this study adopted the cross-sectional descriptive survey research design with the quantitative approach where proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 3,065 students for the study. The assessment of nutritional status was done where height and weight were measured in Kg/m2and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization. Data on the dietary habits was collected with a closed-ended questionnaire which was analyzed using both descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation as well as inferential statistics such as multiple regression.The study discovered that undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, were of normal weight than overweight and underweight while obesity was ranked the least. The study further revealed that even though students moderately consumed fish, meat, eggs and dairy products legumes and nuts, they had a low intake of fruits and vegetables, but high consumption of energy-dense foods and fast foods such as cakes, pastries, cookies, deep-fried foods, biscuits, sandwiches, indomie and of soft drinks. It was further established that majority of the students skipped meals notably breakfast. Besides, the study showed that all the dietary habits outlined in the study collectively contributed significantly to students’ nutritional status. Therefore, it is recommended that the University through its health directorate and the Department of Food and Nutrition should regularly organize health talks and symposiums to admonish students on the dangers of not observing optimal dietary habits. Additionally, the University through its Academic Board should introduce a general course on nutrition education to equip students with current theories in dietary practices for improved dietary habits.
OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT IN MALAYSIA WITH SATELLITE ALTIMETRY
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, HASHIM FARAH ELLYZA , PEYRE OSCAR ,   Ecole Polytechnique France, LAPOK SARAH JOHNSON , YAAKOB OMAR , MD DIN AMI HASSAN
Published: November 2020

Realistic view on the potential of offshore wind farm development in Malaysia is necessary and requires accurate and wide coverage of wind speed data. Long term global datasets of satellite altimetry of wind speed provide a potentially valuable resource to identify the potential of offshore wind energy in Malaysia. This paper presents three different assessments of offshore wind energy resources in Malaysia using satellite altimetry. The wind speed data obtained from Radar Altimeter Database System (RADS) were validated and identified to be in agreement with previous studies. The resources were then assessed at three different levels; theoretical, technical and practical offshore wind energy potential. The technical resource potential was assessed by taking into consideration the available offshore wind turbine technology. Conflicting uses and environmental constraints that define the practical offshore wind energy resources are plotted on the maps to present a practicality of offshore wind farm development in Malaysian sea. The study concluded that, in theoretical view, Malaysia does have potential of offshore wind energy resource especially in Borneo Water with average annual wind energy density above 500 kWh/m2. However, the development of offshore wind farm in Malaysia will be difficult taking into consideration the technical and practical challenge.
EFFECT OF THERMO-PHOTOCATALYTIC PROCESS USING ZINC OXIDE ON DEGRADATION OF MACRO/MICRO-PLASTIC IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, RAZALI NURUL , WAN ABDULLAH WAN RAFIZAH , MOHD ZIKIR NURAFIQAH
Published: November 2020

More than 320 million tons of plastics are produced annually, and the rate of plastic waste generation steadily increases by 3.9% per year. Introduction of plastic waste into water bodies may lead to many adverse environmental impacts as the plastic debris is very stable and generally requires a longer time to degrade. Over a period of time, bulk plastic debris will slowly degrade into small fragments known as macroplastics (particles size >5mm) and microplastics (particles size <5mm). Accumulation of this newly emerging class of pollutants potentially decreases the efficiency of the existing water treatment system. Therefore, improvement on the existing water treatment technique is required. This study aimed at investigating the effect of using the UV-assisted thermo-photocatalytic reaction on the degradation of polypropylene (PP) macro- and microplastics in an aqueous environment for 6 hours. ZnO nanoparticles (<50 nm) were employed as the photocatalyst. 23 Full Factorial design was carried out in order to identify the correlation between the reaction temperature (35-50 o C), size of PP plastic (25-100 mm2 ) and the catalyst dosage (1–3 g/L) factors and their influences on the weight loss of macro/micro-plastics. Maximum plastic weight loss of 7.8 wt% was achieved at 50°C, 1 g/L ZnO and 25 mm2 of PP plastic. The interaction between temperature and size must be taken into consideration.
CFD ANALYSIS ON VERTICAL MOTION OF A FULL-SCALE FLOATING JETTY
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, FITRIADHY AHMAD , ADAM AMIRA
Published: November 2020

A floating jetty often experiences several vertical motions i.e., heave and pitch motion responses due to harsh environmental condition. This inherently makes discomfort to everyone during berthing on a floating; and even it potentially leads to loss of life due to falling down into the sea. A preliminary analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is necessary to be conducted to ensure user’s safety. The CFD analysis focused on the interaction between wave motions and the floating jetty and its effects on the vertical motions. The vertical motions of floating jetty were quantified by the Response Amplitude Operators (RAO). Several effects due to variation of wavelength (λ/L) have been studied. The CFD results revealed that the lower wavelength (λ/L<2.25) resulted in the increase of the heave and pitch motion amplitudes proportionally. However, the subsequent increase of wavelength (2.25>λ/L) has given results to less heave and pitch motion amplitudes. In general, it is shown that the vertical motion characteristics of the floating jetty predominantly depend on wave properties.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Rumah Sakit X Cilacap
Authors: Indriana Nia , Swandari Mika Tri Kumala
Published: November 2020

Hipertensi merupakan tekanan darah persisten dimana tekanan sistoliknya ≥ 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik ≥90 mmHg. Pengetahuan tentang penyakit yang diderita dapat berpengaruh pada kepatuhan pasien dalam pengobatan terutama dalam minum obat dan memberikan outcome yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penilaian kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi dan mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan tentang hipertensi dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode non-eksperimen yang bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik analisis data dalam kegiatan ini disajikan dalam bentuk analisis deskriptif dan analisis bivariat. Pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan menggunakan uji statistik chi square dengan α = 0,05. Pengukuran tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dengan menggunakan kuisioner Morisky Medication Adherance Scale (MMAS-8). Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan dari 79 responden terdapat 70 responden (88,6%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik, 8 responden (10,1%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup dan 1 responden (1,3%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang buruk. Pengukuran tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dari 79 responden terdapat 36 responden (45,6%) memiliki kepatuhan minum obatnya tinggi, 29 responden (36,7%) memliki tingkat kepatuhan minum obatnya sedang dan 14 responden (17,7%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan minum obatnya rendah. Hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit X Cilacap yaitu terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat (p value 0,005 < 0,05).
STRUKTUR RUANG ARTISTIK DALAM NOVEL NEGERI 5 MENARA KARYA AHMAD FUADI
Authors: Afianti Irma Yuliana
Published: November 2020

Novel Negeri 5 Menara ini memaparkan perjuangan meraih mimpi tanpa mengesampingkan kewajiban sebagai manusia. Struktur ruang artistik menjadi fokus penelitian dengan memunculkan tokoh Alif yang mempertahankan akidah di tengah keberagaman masyarakat yang ada disekelilingnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsi dan menjelaskan struktur ruang artistik yang leiputi struktur teks dan struktur sosial yang melatarbelakangi lahirnya karya tersebut. Teori yang digunakan yaitu Stukturalisme Genetik Lucien Goldmann. Pada teknik analisis data digunakan adalah metode dialektik. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan menformulasikan dan menganalisis struktur ruang artistik yang dimulai dari analisis struktur teks kemudian analisis struktur sosialnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur teks novel Negeri 5 Menara meliputi ruang artistik yang terbangun dari beberapa medan semantis berupa elemen-elemen yang berelasi antara satu dengan yang lain dan adanya oposisi berpasangan. Struktur teks yang terakhir yaitu latar, meliputi latar ruang, latar waktu, dan latar sosial. Struktur sosial yang melatarbelakangi lahirnya karya ini memiliki hubungan erat dengan struktur sosial pengarang selama di pesantren, struktur sosial Indonesia pada masa reformasi dan insiden gedung WTC di Washington DC, dan juga kondisi kesastraan islami era tahun 2000an. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, apa yang diceritakan pengarang dalam Negeri 5 Menara sangat relevan dengan perjalanan hidup pengarang.
El futuro de la Ciudad de México: entre la distopía y las posibilidades creativas
Authors: Arroyo García Margarita
Published: November 2020

El presente texto es un ejercicio prospectivo sobre el futuro de la Ciudad de México (CDMX) en el horizonte de 2050. Los participantes construyen colaborativamente cuatro escenarios (utópico, catastrófico, tendencial y futurible). En la visión tendencial, en el 2050, la CDMX a pesar de avances en el uso de las tecnologías y de la gestión de los servicios urbanos no se ha logrado sortear los retos de la globalización (transición energética y cambio climático). En la visión utópica (2050) se ha logrado sortear los retos de la globalización (transición energética y cambio climático) y la ciudad cuenta con un modelo sustentable. La desigualdad y la exclusión se han erradicado y la gobernabilidad es plena. En la visión futurible (2050) se ha logrado sortear los retos de la globalización (transición energética y cambio climático) y la ciudad cuenta con un modelo de sustentable; sin embargo, todavía persisten rezagos.
Variación estacional del abastecimiento de frutales nativos de colecta en dos épocas climáticas en el mercado de Pucallpa
Authors: Velazco Castro Ena Vilma , Alegre Orihuela Julio , Lozano Reátegui Ronald Marlon , Antinori Samán José , Vargas Flores Jessy Isabel , Castro Muñoz Cindy Paola , Mendoza Carlos Mariano Magdaleno
Published: November 2020

El movimiento de comercialización de frutales nativos en la región Ucayali es muy intenso y no existe un inventario de flujos de comercialización de productores e intermediarios, quienes regulan precios y distribución a diferentes niveles. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo generar información sobre la variación estacional del abastecimiento de frutales nativos de colecta en dos épocas climáticas en el mercado de Pucallpa entre abril a diciembre 2017. Se aplicó encuesta semiestructurada a colectores de frutales nativos, asimismo, se levantó información diaria sobre la cantidad de colectores que acudían al mercado. Las variables medidas fueron: estacionalidad, volumen, lugares de colecta y relación de las condiciones climáticas frente a la estacionalidad de los frutales nativos. Los resultados indican que en la época climática seca existe mayor abundancia de Mauritia flexuosa (30,8 %), mayor volumen de Solanum sessiliflorum (271,1 toneladas). Los lugares de colecta con mayor frecuencia correspondieron a Región Ucayali, Provincia Coronel Portillo, Distritos Calleria, Campo Verde y Yarinacocha. Hubo correlación alta entre precipitación y Solanum sessiliflorum (r :0.956). La tendencia sobre la presencia de frutales nativos en el mercado fue variable, con mayor presencia de Mauritia flexuosa (30,8 %) e Inga edulis (22,5 %) en época climática seca y lluviosa respectivamente.
Efecto de la sustitución parcial de harina de trigo (Triticum aestivum) por harina de granadilla (Passiflora ligularis juss) y harina de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) en las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de galletas dulces
Authors: Huatuco Lozano Maribel , Achulla Parco Betsy , Flores Alarcón Jherson Edgar
Published: November 2020

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la sustitución parcial de harina de trigo (Triticum aestivum) por harina de granadilla (Passiflora ligularis juss) y harina de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) en las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de galletas dulces. Las formulaciones se realizaron mediante diseño compuesto central rotatorio (DCCR) 22 obteniéndose 10 formulaciones y una formulación base (F0). Se evaluaron composición fisicoquímica (% humedad, % grasa, %, cenizas, % carbohidratos, % fibras dietética y proteínas) y aceptabilidad sensorial (olor, color, sabor y textura) mediante 40 panelistas no entrenados. Se aplicó ANOVA, para la composición fisicoquímica de las formulaciones y Chi2 para asociar la evaluación sensorial y formulaciones obtenidas con un nivel de significancia estadístico p:<0.05. La F3 (24.4 % de harina de trigo, 13 % de harina de granadilla y 6.5 % de harina de quinua) fue la que presento mejor aceptabilidad por los panelistas en los cuatro parámetros de medición (color, sabor, olor y textura). Los resultados concluyen que la sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por harina de granadilla y harina de quinua no tuvo efecto en las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de galletas dulces.
Energy Efficient Linear and Non-Linear Precoders for Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Sackey Samson Hansen , Ansong Michael Kwame , Kofie Samuel Nartey , Armahy Abdul Karim
Published: November 2020

The term Massive MIMO means, Massive multiple input multiple output also known as (large-scale antenna system, very large MIMO). Massive Multiple-Input-MultipleOutput (MIMO) is the major key technique for the future Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile wireless communication network due to its characteristics, elements and advantages. Massive MIMO will be comprised of five major elements; antennas, electronic components, network architectures, protocols and signal processing. We realize that precoding technique is a processing technique that utilizes Channel State Information Technique (CSIT) by operating on the signals before transmitting them. This technique varies base on the type of CSIT and performance criterion. Precoding technique is the last digital processing block at the transmitting side. In this paper, linear and non-linear Precoding technique was reviewed and we proposed two techniques under each that is Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Block Diagonalization (BD), Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) and Dirty paper coding (DPC). Four Precoding techniques: MMSE, BD, DPC and TH were used in the studies to power consumption, energy efficiency and area throughput for single-cell and multi-cell scenarios. In comparing the proposed techniques, in terms of energy efficiency and area throughput, reuse factor (Reuse 4) performs better than other techniques when there is an imperfect CSI is used
Perception on service quality in old age homes: a qualitative study in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Samina Vertejee  , Saleema Allana  , Rozina Somani  , Saher Aijaz
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives: The growing number of older people due to demographic transition is paving the way for non-governmental organizations and the private sector for mushrooming of old age homes (OAHs). These homes function either free or fee for services, and the services provided at these OAHs determines the quality of life of older people. The aim of the study was to explore the stakeholders’ perception on the quality of services offered to people living in OAHs.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used to explore stakeholders’ perception of elderly living experiences in old age homes. Three OAH were selected through purposive sampling for the study. Data collected from February –March 2015 through the structured interview guide. Participants’ for FGDs were recruited through universal sampling, while purposive sampling was used for KIIs selection. Researcher ensured all ethical considerations for entire study period.

Results: Two major themes were drawn including the reasons and experiences of older people living in OAH, secondly the need for caregivers’ academic competencies. Majority of KIIs and FGDs reported common responses under the two themes. Also the elderly experiences varied from living comfortable to being depressed. KIIs and caregivers’ FGD participants’ strongly urged the need for caregivers’ training and institutional accreditation.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the older people experiences challenges of living in OAHs, therefore the study findings strongly proposes community support system and credentialing of the caregivers for age appropriate care. Continuous...
Relationship of surfactant protein-D with random blood glucose and extra pulmonary infections in type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shireen Jawed  , Komal Atta  , Sadaf Zia  , Benash Altaf
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives: To compare surfactant protein-D levels in type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics, and to explore its link with random blood glucose and extra-pulmonary infections.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted in 2012-13 at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised diabetic cases and non-diabetic controls. Extra pulmonary infections, body mass index and random blood glucose levels were noted and serum surfactant protein-D was analysed using enzynme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Results: Of the 120 subjects, 60(50%) each were cases and controls. Significant negative correlation was found between surfactant protein-D and infections (rs= -0.495, p=0.0001). A negative association between random blood glucose and surfactant protein-D was found, but it was not significant (p=0.15). Relative risk for extra-pulmonary infections in diabetics was 2 times higher than the controls (odds ratio: 2.10, p=0.04).

Conclusion: Serum surfactant protein-D was found to have negative association with extra-pulmonary infections.

Key Words: Extra-pulmonary infections, Hexokinase method, Random blood glucose,  Continuous...