bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privileging Knowledge Claims in Collaborative Regulatory Management: An Ethnography of Marginalization
Authors: Jos Philip H. , Watson Annette
Published: January 2016

We examine how a good faith effort at collaboration with Native peoples in the regulation of white-fronted geese in North America nonetheless resulted in their marginalization. Our investigation explores how dramatically different ways of knowing are articulated and contested in a complex, structurally differentiated, and highly professionalized institutional setting—the Migratory Bird Management Regime of North America. We find local knowledge emerging among and being legible to the street-level administrators of the management regime, but unable to penetrate regional management, where methodological commitments reinforced existing problem frames and administrative objectives.
White ≠ Poor
Authors: Kunstman Jonathan W. , Plant E. Ashby , Deska Jason C.
Published: January 2016

Throughout society, White people of low socioeconomic status (SES) face prejudice, often from racial ingroup members. The present research tested the ingroup distancing effect, which predicts that Whites’ negative reactions to low-SES ingroup members are motivated responses to perceived threats to their personal and group-level status. To cope with perceived status threats, White people psychologically and physically distance themselves from low-SES Whites. Four studies provide converging support for this theorizing. Among White participants, low-SES Whites elicited derogation, impaired racial categorization and memory, and inflated perceived personal status. White participants explicitly perceived low-SES Whites as greater status threats than low-SES Blacks, and these perceptions of threat predicted increased discomfort in anticipated social situations with low-SES White targets. Moreover, threatened status led Whites who strongly identified with their racial ingroup to physically distance themselves from a low-SES White partner. This research demonstrates that concerns with status motivate prejudice against ingroup members.
On the Dominance of Attitude Emotionality
Authors: Rocklage Matthew D. , Fazio Russell H.
Published: January 2016

Many situations in our lives require us to make relatively quick decisions as whether to approach or avoid a person or object, buy or pass on a product, or accept or reject an offer. These decisions are particularly difficult when there are both positive and negative aspects to the object. How do people go about navigating this conflict to come to a summary judgment? Using the Evaluative Lexicon (EL), we demonstrate across three studies, 7,700 attitude expressions, and nearly 50 different attitude objects that when positivity and negativity conflict, the valence that is based more on emotion is more likely to dominate. Furthermore, individuals are also more consistent in the expression of their univalent summary judgments when they involve greater emotionality. In sum, valence that is based on emotion tends to dominate when resolving ambivalence and also helps individuals to remain consistent when offering quick judgments.
Framing referendum campaigns: the 2014 Scottish independence referendum in the press
Authors: Dekavalla Marina
Published: January 2016

This article explores the framing of referendum campaigns in the press and its relationship to the framing of elections. Drawing from an empirical analysis of the newspaper coverage of the 2014 Scottish referendum and from previous research on campaigns in different contexts, it finds that frames associated with elections, like the strategic game and policy frames, were also dominant in the framing of the referendum. It argues that by framing the independence debate in similar terms to other electoral contests, the press promoted an understanding of this event as being about pragmatic decision-making on policy and political competition, rather than purely a decision about constitutional matters of self-determination.
Novel High‐Fidelity Peritonsillar Abscess Simulator
Authors: Scott Grace M. , Fung Kevin , Roth Kathryn E.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To create and assess a novel high‐fidelity peritonsillar abscess simulation task trainer with junior otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residents.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Third annual Emergencies in Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Bootcamp course at the Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics in London, Canada.

Subjects and Methods

Fresh cadaveric material was obtained consisting of a head and neck. Abscess pockets were simulated with a finger of a latex glove containing vanilla pudding to represent pus, tied off with a silk suture. These abscess pockets were inserted into the peritonsillar space from the transected neck inferiorly, passing medial to the great vessels into the parapharyngeal space. Faculty members evaluated the models to test content validity. The primary outcome measure was a postbootcamp survey evaluation assessing specific domains: learning objectives, effectiveness of faculty, and the quality and realism of models.

Results

When working with this model, learners were able to locate, visualize, and manipulate the abscess. The materials and positioning of the pockets created high‐fidelity models that were realistic in appearance and haptics feedback.

Conclusions

A novel high‐fidelity task trainer has been successfully developed to teach the technique of peritonsillar abscess incision and drainage. This task trainer is currently the highest‐fidelity model reported in the literature. This model allows learners to practice a high‐stakes emergency skill in a controlled environment, affording the opportunity to practice localization, visualization, and drainage of the abscess with a high level of realism.
Laryngeal Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Naunheim Matthew R. , Plotkin Scott R. , Franco Ramon A. , Song Phillip C.
Published: January 2016

Objectives

To describe the range of findings in patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) presenting to a laryngology clinic and to analyze the etiologic factors of vocal fold dysfunction in this cohort.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary laryngology practice.

Subjects and Methods

All cases of NF presenting to an academic laryngology practice were retrospectively reviewed (August 2005 to May 2014), with a total of 34 cases. Demographic data, symptoms, and endoscopic examination findings were reviewed. Etiologic factors of laryngeal complaints were analyzed with reference to NF‐associated pathologies and surgical history.

Results

Thirty‐four patients with NF‐1 or NF‐2 were evaluated, and 28 of these patients (6 NF‐1 and 22 NF‐2) had laryngeal pathology. The most common presenting symptoms were vocal weakness (n = 21), dysphagia (n = 5), and globus (n = 4). Three patients had NF‐related vocal fold masses on examination, including 2 neurofibromas and 1 schwannoma. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis was seen in 17 patients; bilateral paralysis was observed in 5 patients. Of patients with unilateral or bilateral paralysis, 20 had intracranial masses (vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, or skull base tumors), and 16 had previously undergone surgery for these lesions. Of the patients with NF‐associated intracranial tumors, 87.0% presented with vocal cord paralysis, whereas only 40.0% of those without intracranial masses had paralysis (P =. 0560). Seven patients underwent medialization procedures.

Conclusion

Neurofibromatosis patients may present to laryngology clinic with primary laryngeal tumors or, more commonly, unilateral or bilateral paralysis. Otolaryngologists should be keenly aware of vocal fold paralysis caused by the NF‐associated tumors, with particular attention to bilateral paralysis in NF‐2.
Altering Male-Dominant Representations
Authors: Sato Sayaka , Gabriel Ute , Gygax Pascal M.
Published: January 2016

The generic use of masculine plural forms in grammatical gender languages has been criticized for activating unequal gender representations that are male dominant. The present study examined whether the recently introduced gender-neutral forms of nominalized adjectives and participles in German provide references that induce more balanced representations. We used cross-linguistic differences as a means to illustrate the flexibility of the gender representation system and investigated both native and nonnative (French–German bilinguals) speakers of German. Although a masculine bias persisted when participants read role nouns in the masculine plural form, the study suggests that the usage of nominalized forms can attenuate this male bias, even for nonnative speakers. The results of the study provide further support for the use of gender-neutral language.
Imaging the role of toll-like receptor 4 on cell proliferation and inflammation after cerebral ischemia by positron emission tomography
Authors: Moraga Ana , Gómez-Vallejo Vanessa , Cuartero María Isabel , Szczupak Boguslaw , San Sebastián Eneko , Markuerkiaga Irati , Pradillo Jesús M , Higuchi Makoto , Llop Jordi , Moro María Ángeles , Martín Abraham , Lizasoain Ignacio
Published: January 2016

The influence of toll-like receptor 4 on neurogenesis and inflammation has been scarcely explored so far by using neuroimaging techniques. For this purpose, we performed magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine and [11C]PK11195 at 2, 7, and 14 days following cerebral ischemia in TLR4+/+ and TLR4−/− mice. MRI showed similar infarction volumes in both groups. Despite this, positron emission tomography with 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine and [11C]PK11195 evidenced an increase of neurogenesis and a decrease of inflammation in TLR4−/− mice after ischemia. These results evidence the versatility of neuroimaging techniques to monitor the role of toll-like receptor 4 after cerebral ischemia.
Public Service Motivation and Decisions to Report Wrongdoing in U.S. Federal Agencies: Is This Relationship Mediated by the Seriousness of the Wrongdoing
Authors: Caillier James Gerard
Published: January 2016

Scholars have argued that whistle-blowing is consistent with public service motivation (PSM), given that whistle-blowing is a form of self-sacrifice and concern for the public interest. Such a connection is also consistent with the Prosocial Organizational Behavior (POB) Model. However, only one article was found that examined the direct association between PSM and whether or not employees reported unlawful acts. Furthermore, no article was found to explore the relationship between PSM, whistle-blowing, and seriousness of wrongdoing—an important intervening factor that influences decisions to report. This is surprising because whistle-blowers can prevent detrimental harm to individuals and society and yet we still know little about the internal motives that cause them to come forward. Consequently, the connection between PSM and whistle-blowing was investigated further in this article. Consistent with the POB Model, PSM was positively associated with whistle-blowing generally, as well as internal and external whistle-blowing. Seriousness of wrongdoing was also found to have a positive effect on whistle-blowing. Furthermore, seriousness of wrongdoing was found to moderate the relationship between PSM and only internal whistle-blowing. The implications of the findings are discussed in the article.
High variability in strain estimation errors when using a commercial ultrasound speckle tracking algorithm on tendon tissue
Authors: Fröberg Åsa , Mårtensson Mattias , Larsson Matilda , Janerot-Sjöberg Birgitta , D’Hooge Jan , Arndt Anton
Published: January 2016

Background

Ultrasound speckle tracking offers a non-invasive way of studying strain in the free Achilles tendon where no anatomical landmarks are available for tracking. This provides new possibilities for studying injury mechanisms during sport activity and the effects of shoes, orthotic devices, and rehabilitation protocols on tendon biomechanics.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of using a commercial ultrasound speckle tracking algorithm for assessing strain in tendon tissue.

Material and Methods

A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) phantom, three porcine tendons, and a human Achilles tendon were mounted in a materials testing machine and loaded to 4% peak strain. Ultrasound long-axis cine-loops of the samples were recorded. Speckle tracking analysis of axial strain was performed using a commercial speckle tracking software. Estimated strain was then compared to reference strain known from the materials testing machine. Two frame rates and two region of interest (ROI) sizes were evaluated.

Results

Best agreement between estimated strain and reference strain was found in the PVA phantom (absolute error in peak strain: 0.21 ± 0.08%). The absolute error in peak strain varied between 0.72 ± 0.65% and 10.64 ± 3.40% in the different tendon samples. Strain determined with a frame rate of 39.4 Hz had lower errors than 78.6 Hz as was the case with a 22 mm compared to an 11 mm ROI.

Conclusion

Errors in peak strain estimation showed high variability between tendon samples and were large in relation to strain levels previously described in the Achilles tendon.
Carcinosarcoma of the uterus: MRI findings including diffusion-weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy
Authors: Takeuchi Mayumi , Matsuzaki Kenji , Harada Masafumi
Published: January 2016

Background

Recently carcinosarcoma has become regarded as a subset of endometrial carcinoma. Because the clinical course of carcinosarcoma is aggressive with poor prognosis, it should be differentiated from endometrial carcinomas for the appropriate surgical management and adjuvant therapy.

Purpose

To clarify the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of uterine carcinosarcoma including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement and MR spectroscopy (MRS) with quantitative metabolite evaluation.

Material and Methods

MRI findings of 12 pathologically diagnosed uterine carcinosarcomas obtained on 3T MRI were retrospectively evaluated. The mean and minimum ADCs, and the lipid and choline concentration levels were compared with those of pathologically diagnosed 38 endometrial carcinomas.

Results

The mean and minimum ADCs in carcinosarcomas and endometrial carcinomas were not significantly different. The mean ADC of carcinosarcomas was significantly higher than that of higher grade (G2 and G3) endometrial carcinomas. The choline concentration in carcinosarcomas was significantly lower than that in endometrial carcinomas. High lipid peak was observed in 91% of carcinosarcomas and in 24% of endometrial carcinomas.

Conclusion

Large, exophytic heterogeneous endometrial mass containing strongly enhanced areas, which may exhibit “tumor delivery”, is a suggestive of carcinosarcoma. Relatively high mean ADC and low choline concentration considering its highly malignant nature due to intra-tumoral heterogeneity with necrosis and epithelial cystic components, and the presence of necrosis-associated high lipid peak may be compatible with carcinosarcoma.
Temporal Instabilities in Amblyopic Perception: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Thiel Aylin , Iftime Adrian
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study is to quantify the temporal characteristics of spatial misperceptions in human amblyopia. Twenty-two adult participants with strabismus, strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed amblyopia were asked to describe their subjective percept of static geometrical patterns with different spatial frequencies and shapes, as seen with their non-dominant eye. We generated digital reconstructions of their perception (static images or movies) that were subsequently validated by the subjects using consecutive matching sessions. We calculated the Shannon entropy variation in time for each recorded movie, as a measure of temporal instability. Nineteen of the 22 subjects perceived temporal instabilities that can be broadly classified in two categories. We found that the average frequency of the perceived temporal instabilities is ∼1 Hz. The stimuli with higher spatial frequencies yielded more often temporally unstable perceptions with higher frequencies. We suggest that type and amount of temporal instabilities in amblyopic vision are correlated with the etiology and spatial frequency of the stimulus.
Is the Development of Offenders Related to Crime Scene Behaviors for Burglary? Including Situational Influences in Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Crime
Authors: Fox Bryanna Hahn , Farrington David P.
Published: January 2016

Developmental and life-course (DLC) theories of crime aim to identify the causes and correlates of offending over the life span, focusing on the within-individual variations that result in criminal and delinquent behavior. Although there are several notable theories in the field, few contain both developmental and situational factors related to offending, and none explain why individuals commit crimes in different ways. This study aims to address these issues by developing typologies of burglars based on developmental and situational characteristics to help identify the various criminal career paths of the offenders, and how these different criminal careers may relate to the commission of offenses. Results of this study indicate that there are five different criminal career paths among the sampled burglars and four different styles of committing the same offense, and that burglars with certain criminal career features tend to commit a specific style of burglary. Through this research, we aim to extend DLC theories to create a more practical and contextual explanation of the relationship between criminal careers and the commission of offenses, and increase the level of within-individual explained variance in criminal behavior.
The development of a theory-informed workbook as an additional support for students on role-emerging placements
Authors: Dancza Karina , Copley Jodie , Rodger Sylvia , Moran Monica
Published: January 2016

Introduction

During role-emerging placements students require different support as occupational therapy specific supervision is provided periodically and they cannot model their practice on experienced occupational therapists. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a workbook designed to reinforce the integration of theory with practice and provide an additional resource to support students when a supervisor was not present.

Method

A social constructionist perspective and action research methodology were used. Participants were 14 final year occupational therapy students and three off-site occupational therapy supervisors. All participants were involved in role-emerging placements in school settings in England. In-depth, semi-structured interviews across four action research cycles informed the development and evaluation of the workbook.

Findings

While the workbook originally focused on supplementing students’ knowledge of occupational therapy theory, during the action research cycles the focus shifted to consider how educational theory informed workbook design and content. Key features and critical aspects which supported students’ learning were identified.

Conclusion

The workbook was received positively by students and supervisors. Aspects which were particularly valued included the provision of examples and scenarios which contextualised theory within the placement setting. The workbook was proposed to have scope for use in placements beyond school-based practice.
Individual placement and support versus individual placement and support enhanced with work-focused cognitive behaviour therapy: Feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schneider Justine , Akhtar Athfah , Boycott Naomi , Guo Boliang , Latimer Eric , Cao Zhirong , McMurran Mary
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Employment is a key goal for many people with long-term mental health issues. Evidence-based individual placement and support is a widely advocated approach. This study explored whether individual placement and support outcomes could be enhanced with work-focused counselling.

Method

The study was designed as a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing the cost-effectiveness, in severe mental illness, of work-focused intervention (intervention) as an adjunct to individual placement and support compared to individual placement and support alone (control).

Results

The original sample (330) proved impossible to attain so the design was revised to a pilot study from which information on feasibility of a full trial could be drawn. Twenty-five individuals out of 74 found paid work but no difference was found in the mean number of hours in paid employment between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusion

Results demonstrate that delivering work-focused counselling in tandem with individual placement and support is feasible and acceptable to service users. The study observed that, even during a period of recession (2010–13), individuals with mental health problems succeeded in obtaining paid employment. Any additional benefit of counselling over individual placement and support alone could not be ascertained, due mainly to the high drop-out rate from this study.
Left-wing convergence: An introduction
Authors: Prichard Alex , Worth Owen
Published: January 2016

In this article, we argue that despite there being little evidence of an ideological convergence between Marxism and anarchism, such a convergence is not only sorely needed, but also eminently possible. We propose an open discussion on the appropriate terms of such a convergence, the context in which it should take place, and the reasons why it should. We close by showing how our contributors to this special issue open this debate for us in promising ways.
Comparison of Injuries in American Collegiate Football and Club Rugby
Authors: Willigenburg Nienke W. , Borchers James R. , Quincy Richard , Kaeding Christopher C. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: January 2016

Background:

American football and rugby players are at substantial risk of injury because of the full-contact nature of these sports. Methodological differences between previous epidemiological studies hamper an accurate comparison of injury rates between American football and rugby.

Purpose:

To directly compare injury rates in American collegiate football and rugby, specified by location, type, mechanism, and severity of injury, as reported by licensed medical professionals.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Licensed medical professionals (athletic trainer or physician) associated with the football and rugby teams of a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university reported attendance and injury details over 3 autumn seasons. Injuries were categorized by the location, type, mechanism, and severity of injury, and the injury rate was calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare overall, game, and practice injury rates within and between sports.

Results:

The overall injury rate was 4.9/1000 AEs in football versus 15.2/1000 AEs in rugby: IRR = 3.1 (95% CI, 2.3-4.2). Game injury rates were higher than practice injury rates: IRR = 6.5 (95% CI, 4.5-9.3) in football and IRR = 5.1 (95% CI, 3.0-8.6) in rugby. Injury rates for the shoulder, wrist/hand, and lower leg and for sprains, fractures, and contusions in rugby were >4 times as high as those in football (all P ≤ 0.006). Concussion rates were 1.0/1000 AEs in football versus 2.5/1000 AEs in rugby. Most injuries occurred via direct player contact, especially during games. The rate of season-ending injuries (>3 months of time loss) was 0.8/1000 AEs in football versus 1.0/1000 AEs in rugby: IRR = 1.3 (95% CI, 0.4-3.4).

Conclusion:

Overall injury rates were substantially higher in collegiate rugby compared with football. Similarities between sports were observed in the most common injury types (sprains and concussions), locations (lower extremity and head), and mechanisms (direct player contact). Upper extremity injuries were more common in rugby, and the rate of season-ending injuries was similar between sports.
Food Insecurity and Health Care Utilization Among Older Adults
Authors: Bhargava Vibha , Lee Jung Sun
Published: January 2016

This study examined the relationship between food insecurity and health care utilization (physician, inpatient, emergency room, and home health visits) among older adults. Survey data collected from Georgia Advanced Performance Outcomes Measures Project 6 linked to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (GA Advanced POMP6-CMS) data 2008 ( N = 957) were analyzed. Nearly one half of the sample (48.3%) was food insecure. Food insecure individuals were significantly less likely than food secure individuals to have any physician (69.7% vs. 80.2%) and home health visits (24.9% vs. 32.3%) during 2008. However, there were no significant differences in levels of health care utilization by food secure and food insecure older adults. Food secure and food insecure older adults utilized comparable levels of health care services. Public assistance programs such as Medicare and meal services targeted toward older adults may enable economically constrained, food insecure older adults to access needed health care services.
Photovoltaic solar panels of crystalline silicon: Characterization and separation
Authors: Dias Pablo Ribeiro , Benevit Mariana Gonçalves , Veit Hugo Marcelo
Published: January 2016

Photovoltaic panels have a limited lifespan and estimates show large amounts of solar modules will be discarded as electronic waste in a near future. In order to retrieve important raw materials, reduce production costs and environmental impacts, recycling such devices is important. Initially, this article investigates which silicon photovoltaic module’s components are recyclable through their characterization using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersion spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Next, different separation methods are tested to favour further recycling processes. The glass was identified as soda-lime glass, the metallic filaments were identified as tin–lead coated copper, the panel cells were made of silicon and had silver filaments attached to it and the modules’ frames were identified as aluminium, all of which are recyclable. Moreover, three different components segregation methods have been studied. Mechanical milling followed by sieving was able to separate silver from copper while chemical separation using sulphuric acid was able to detach the semiconductor material. A thermo gravimetric analysis was performed to evaluate the use of a pyrolysis step prior to the component’s removal. The analysis showed all polymeric fractions present degrade at 500 °C.
Examining the Factorial Structure of the T-CRS 2.1
Authors: Weber Melissa R. , Lotyczewski Bohdan S. , Montes Guillermo , Hightower A. Dirk , Allan Marjorie
Published: January 2016

The factor structure of the Teacher–Child Rating Scale (T-CRS 2.1) was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A cross-sectional study was carried out on 68,497 children in prekindergarten through Grade 10. Item reduction was carried out based on modification indices, standardized residual covariance, and standardized factor loadings. A higher order model with a general super-ordinate factor fit the data well, and is consistent with the notion of a unidimensional non-cognitive set of learning-related skills. Model-based reliability estimates are provided.
A review of manufacturing re-shoring in the context of customer-focused postponement strategies
Authors: Moradlou Hamid , Backhouse Chris J
Published: January 2016

For more than half a century, offshoring has been a trend among many industry sectors and all company sizes which are aiming to expand business by reducing costs and accessing foreign markets. However, in recent years, the evidence indicates that offshoring strategies may no longer continue to provide the same level of benefits for organizations’ manufacturing activities. Companies have begun to establish a better understanding of the total risk/benefit-balance and base their supplier decisions on strategic supply chain issue rather than simply relying on cost analysis. Hence, it is evident that there are tendencies to reverse the offshoring strategy and re-shoring manufacturing activities back to the home country. Despite the significance of this phenomenon to manufacturing, the supply chain literature has focused predominantly on the macro economic analysis, while the literature on the operational aspects of re-shoring is relatively sparse. The first half of this article aims to address the first research question which identifies the operational motivations behind the re-shoring phenomenon. This is done by studying the current literature available on the context of re-shoring. The second half of the article determines the feasibility of a manufacturing strategy, ‘postponement’, as a possible solution for the companies to adjust and cope with the volatile customer demands and new generation of technologies towards more responsive production and customizable products.
Multi-centric management and optimized allocation of manufacturing resource and capability in cloud manufacturing system
Authors: Lin Ting Yu , Yang Chen , Zhuang Changhui , Xiao Yingying , Tao Fei , Shi Guoqiang , Geng Chao
Published: January 2016

Cloud manufacturing offers the potential to make mass manufacturing resources and capabilities more widely integrated and accessible to users through network. Most related research assumes that there exists only one management center for all manufacturing resources and capabilities in a manufacturing cloud. However, this could cause the efficiency problem (e.g. scheduling time) and harm the quality of service (e.g. response time). Actually, a large-scale manufacturing cloud should have multiple management centers to deal with massive, widely distributed manufacturing resources and capabilities and users; meanwhile, the constraint of finite manufacturing resources and capabilities and the cost of remote collaboration should be taken into consideration. Thus, this article first presents the architecture for the multi-centric management with two-level scheduling strategy combining the advantages of the centralized and decentralized decision-making. Then, after quantifying the availability and the collaborative cost of the manufacturing resources and capabilities, we propose a global optimization model for the manufacturing resources and capability allocation under the multi-centric architecture. Finally, a case study adopting our new method shows that the utilization of the manufacturing resources and capabilities would be more balanced, while the cost of the total collaboration would be reduced, compared with the typical decentralized solution. The research results can support cloud manufacturing to effectively deal with the challenge of management and allocation for increasingly large-scale and distributed manufacturing resources and capabilities.
A re-evaluation of the 2010 quantitative understanding of the effects volcanic ash has on gas turbine engines
Authors: Clarkson Rory J , Majewicz Elizabeth JE , Mack Peter
Published: January 2016

As part of the cross industry efforts to get aircraft flying again during the April/May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull Rolls-Royce produced a chart that plotted examples of aircraft engine exposure to volcanic ash against the ash concentration the engines had been exposed to. This chart became known as the Rolls-Royce ‘Safe-to-Fly’ chart, and it was used to guide decisions on how the UK Met Office ash concentration charts for the Eyjafjallajokull eruption could be utilised to help aviators plan their flight paths. Over the period 2011–2013, this paper’s authors reassessed the engine data that made up the ‘Safe-to-Fly’ chart, and in particular the data relating to two key exposure events at high ash concentrations, flight BA009 on 24 June 1982 and flight KLM867 on 15 December 1989. Through a combination of reassessment of the original engineering calculations carried out for these events (i.e. calculations based on evidence from engine hardware) and assessments of relevant volcanological and ash cloud visibility data, it has been concluded that these events are unlikely to have occurred at or near the 2000 mg/m3 ash concentration arrived at in 2010; based on current evidence, it is more plausible that these events occurred in ash concentrations of around 200 mg/m3. As a consequence, a revision to the ‘Safe-to-Fly’ chart is recommended. In addition, to more easily present the main considerations associated with flight within ash concentrations where the ash would start to become visible, a new chart is proposed that plots duration of exposure against ash concentration. The points plotted on this chart are the revised understanding of the BA009 and KLM867 events, other relevant engine exposure events and speculative regions where flight would be unsafe and where flight would be safe, but engines would be susceptible to long-term damage.
Angst springs eternal: Dangerous times and the dangers of timing the ‘Arab Spring’
Authors: Hom Andrew R
Published: January 2016

Various reflections on the ‘Arab Spring’ evince a common view of the relationship between change and time that imbues events with a sense of intrinsic peril. Based on a framework developed from Norbert Elias’s concept of timing, this article elaborates the relationship between time and the ‘Arab Spring’ by unpacking and explaining three rhetorical tropes prevalent in academic responses to the revolts. The first two construct a problem to which the third proffers a solution. First, analysts treat time itself as a problematic force confounding stability and progress. Second, they deploy fluvial metaphors to present dynamic events as inherently insecure. Third, they use temporal Othering to retrofit the ‘Arab Spring’ to the familiar arc of liberal democracy, which renders the revolts intelligible and amenable to external intervention. These moves prioritize certainty and order over other considerations and constrain open-ended transformations within a familiar rubric of political progress. They also constitute an active timing effort based on a conservative standard, with important implications for our understanding of security and for scholarly reflexivity. The article concludes with three temporal alternatives for engaging novel changes like the ‘Arab Spring’.
‘This might be him; the guy I’m gonna marry’: Love and sexual relationships between female elite-athletes and male coaches
Authors: Johansson Susanne , Larsson Håkan
Published: January 2016

Infatuation, love and sexual relationships exist virtually anywhere. Coach–athlete sexual relationships (CASR), however, are overlooked and under-researched. Within sport sociology, CASR have been framed predominantly by a sexual abuse discourse. Informed by Foucault’s discourse analysis, this study explores how discourses regarding performance enhancement in elite-sport and coaching, and romantic love, frame female elite-athletes’ experiences with CASR. Interviews with four female elite-athletes aged 26–30 were conducted. The results indicate that CASR are potentially problematic because they intersect and challenge discourses comprising elite-sports, coach–athlete relationships, female sexual agency, and love. Moreover, discourses of power differ between the professional and private contexts. While the athletes expect their coaches to exert dominance and control in the elite-sport context, love relationships are about equally and mutually giving away power and control. Although CASR can facilitate motivation and performance, framing CASR as inherently unequal and abusive can contribute to stigmatisation, secrecy and athlete disempowerment.
Questioning Photovoice Research
Authors: Evans-Agnew Robin A. , Rosemberg Marie-Anne S.
Published: January 2016

Photovoice is an important participatory research tool for advancing health equity. Our purpose is to critically review how participant voice is promoted through the photovoice process of taking and discussing photos and adding text/captions. PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched from the years 2008 to 2014 using the keywords photovoice, photonovella, photovoice and social justice, and photovoice and participatory action research. Research articles were reviewed for how participant voice was (a) analyzed, (b) exhibited in community forums, and (c) disseminated through published manuscripts. Of 21 studies, 13 described participant voice in the data analysis, 14 described participants’ control over exhibiting photo-texts, seven manuscripts included a comprehensive set of photo-texts, and none described participant input on choice of manuscript photo-texts. Photovoice designs vary in the advancement of participant voice, with the least advancement occurring in manuscript publication. Future photovoice researchers should expand approaches to advancing participant voice.
A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain and Mexico on School Aggression in Adolescence
Authors: Estévez Estefanía , Jiménez Teresa I. , Cava María-Jesús
Published: January 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between family and classroom environments and the development of particular individual characteristics, including level of empathy, attitude to institutional authority, and perceived social reputation, and the role these characteristics may in turn play in aggressive behavior. These factors and associations were analyzed by gender and in two different Latin contexts, Spain and Mexico, from a cross-cultural perspective. Participants in the study were 1,319 Spanish adolescents and 1,494 Mexican adolescents drawn from secondary schools. Structural equation models were calculated to test mediational effects among variables. Results obtained indicated, in general terms, that the level of empathy, the social reputation, and the attitude to authority partly mediated the relationship between the environment perceived by boys and girls at home and school, and their aggressive behavior, in both samples. Other similarities and differences between genders and samples were also found and are discussed.
Heart failure secondary to carfilzomib-induced heart block in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Tjionas Harisios , Gupta Amit K
Published: January 2016

Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulator used to treat patients with multiple myeloma who have disease progression refractory to bortezomib. The difference in agents is that carfilzomib is an irreversible inhibitor of 20 s proteasome. The most common side effects of carfilzomib are fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, dyspnea, and pyrexia. Less frequent side effects include cardiac manifestations for which we will explore with more detail. In this case report, we describe a 70-year-old female with multiple myeloma presenting to the emergency department with complaint of dyspnea. Patient was discovered to be in heart failure with atrioventricular block necessitating placement of a pacemaker.
Evaluating the Policy–Practice Gap in a Transitional Housing Program: An Innovation in Process Evaluation
Authors: Perez Jessica Lauren , Yerena Anaid
Published: January 2016

In the United States, in 2013, 610,042 people were estimated homeless in one night. Improving the effectiveness of homeless assistance programs, particularly aligning programs’ practices with their goals, is critical to serving this population. Using a theory that predicts homeless exits, this study presents an innovative, low-cost evaluation tool that can be used by a wide range of human service providers to conduct more frequent “in-house” process evaluations. The Gap Assessment of Policy and Practice (GAPP) tool streamlines process evaluations thus improving social programs. To test this tool’s effectiveness, we compared the results of a traditional process evaluation and a GAPP tool evaluation of a homeless assistance program. Both evaluations revealed a consistent disparity between program activities and expressed goals. The GAPP tool is less time intensive and provides a useful road map for structuring a process evaluation for program providers, thus increasing program impact by encouraging more frequent and efficient self-assessments.
Theoretical frameworks in telemedicine research
Authors: Wade Victoria , Gray Len , Carati Colin
Published: January 2016

The purposive use of theory is a foundational component of research, which underpins the design, methodology, measures, interventions, and interpretation of the research project. This should be considered from the time the nascent idea of the research is born, until the final interpretation of results and write up of the discussion. Several theories relevant to telemedicine are described, discussed, and linked to typical research questions in the field.
Self-efficacy, pros, and cons as variables associated with adjacent stages of change for regular exercise in Japanese college students
Authors: Horiuchi Satoshi , Tsuda Akira , Kobayashi Hisanori , Fallon Elizabeth A , Sakano Yuji
Published: January 2016

This study examined self-efficacy (confidence to exercise), pros (exercise’s advantages), and cons (exercise’s disadvantages) as variables associated across the transtheoretical model’s six stages of change in 403 Japanese college students. A series of logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results showed that higher pros and lower cons were associated with being in contemplation compared to precontemplation. Lower cons were associated with being in preparation compared to contemplation. Higher self-efficacy was associated with being in action compared to preparation as well as being in maintenance compared to action. Lower cons were associated with being in termination compared to maintenance.
Mental health in adolescence and subsequent receipt of medical benefits in young adulthood: The mediating role of upper secondary school completion
Authors: Sagatun Åse , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Heyerdahl Sonja , Lien Lars
Published: January 2016

Background: Mental health problems in adolescence are associated with impaired function in young adulthood. Our aim was to assess how a hypothetical reduction in mental health problems in adolescence was related to medical benefits in young adulthood and to examine the mediating role of completion of upper secondary school. Methods: We used a population-based sample of more than 10,000 10th-grade adolescents with self-reported data on internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. The sample was linked to the Norwegian national registers of education and medical benefits. The mediation analysis was based on a causal inference framework. Results: During a three-year period in young adulthood, 6.4% of men and 5.9% of women received medical benefits. A two-point hypothetical reduction in externalizing problems was related to a lower probability of receiving medical benefits of 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–2.1) percentage points in young men and 1.8 (95% CI 1.3–2.3) percentage points in young women. The proportion mediated by the completion of upper secondary school was 52% (95% CI 36–76) among boys and 42% (95% CI 29–60) among girls. The corresponding reduction in the probability of receiving medical benefits was 1.8 percentage points for internalizing problems in both sexes (95% CI boys 1.2–2.4 and girls 1.4–2.2). The proportion mediated was lower for internalizing problems and was only significant among girls (19%). Conclusions: Intervention and prevention strategies targeting internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents may have the potential to reduce the receipt of medical benefits in young adulthood. The completion of upper secondary school seems to be a mechanism for this association, especially for externalizing problems.
Stability and change of body mass index as a predictor of disability pension
Authors: Ropponen Annina , Silventoinen Karri , Koskenvuo Markku , Svedberg Pia , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: January 2016

Aims: To investigate whether stability or change in body mass index (BMI) predict disability pension (DP) due to musculoskeletal diagnosis (MSD) when controlling for familial confounding. Methods: Our study cohort consisted of 17,169 Finnish twins born before 1958. Data on BMI and multiple covariates from questionnaires in 1975 and 1981 were included and DPs were collected from the national pension registers until the end of 2004. Cox proportional hazards regression models with Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were used for statistical analyses. Results: General DP was granted to 2853 individuals and DP due to MSD to 1143 individuals during the 23-year follow-up. A one-unit increase in BMI in both 1975 (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05, 1.10) and 1981 (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.07), as well as the stability of and change in BMI from 1975 to 1981 were all associated with an increased risk of DP. These associations held in the analyses controlling for multiple covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, education, marital status, leisure-time physical activity, and musculoskeletal pain), and mainly also familial confounding, that is, genetics and shared environment. HR for stable obesity was 2.28 (95% CI 1.69, 3.08) for DP due to MSD, and 1.91 (95% CI 1.56, 2.34) for general DP in the fully adjusted models. Conclusions: BMI is an early predictor of general DP and also of DP due to MSD. Owing to the independency of various covariates and potentially also familial confounding, BMI may possibly have a direct effect on the risk of DP.
Deterioration in health: What is the role of unemployment and poverty?
Authors: Vaalavuo Maria
Published: January 2016

Aim: There is powerful evidence on the association between ill health and low income or low socioeconomic position of the individual. In this article we study the deterioration in self-assessed health and its determinants, focusing on unemployment and poverty status of the person. A special focus on worsening health status gives more information on the link between health and socioeconomic characteristics than static analysis of health status. Methods: The longitudinal EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data covering years from 2008 to 2013 for 26 EU Member States is used to follow people for whom we have data for 4 consecutive years. We will use information on the self-rated health status of the person. Logistic regression analysis is employed to study the determinants of transition to worse health status. Results: The results show that unemployment (OR 1.23) and poverty (OR 1.19) before the health transition are significantly associated with worsening health even when controlled for the prior health status of the person. Conclusions: The results support causal link between unemployment and poverty status and subsequent health status, while we cannot exclude the role of selection in the mechanism. Understanding better the link between health and unemployment or poverty is important for better design of health and social policies.
Direct traumatic optic neuropathy in a temporal laceration: A case report
Authors: Grant Simon WJ , Halsnad Moorthy , Colley Steve , Sharp Ian
Published: January 2016

Facial lacerations are a common presentation in emergency departments. It is important to appreciate the mechanism of injury and the anatomy of structures involved in penetrating lacerations in the maxillofacial region. A 65-year-old man suffered an accidental penetrating injury with a sharp kitchen knife to the right temporal region. There was a single laceration to the right temporal region. The right eye had no perception to light, a total afferent and efferent pupillary defect and partial ophthalmoplegia. Computerised tomography scan revealed signs of penetration through the skin, temporalis, postero-lateral orbital wall and orbital apex. There was no injury to the globe or either retrobulbar or intracranial haemorrhage. A diagnosis of direct traumatic optic neuropathy was made following consultation with opthalmology and neurosurgery teams. Only two similar cases of penetrating trauma in the temporal region resulting in direct traumatic optic neuropathy have been identified in the literature. This case presentation highlights the structures that are at risk of damage from penetrating trauma in the maxillofacial region.