bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking and parameter sensitivity of physiological and vegetation dynamics using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) at Barro Colorado Island, Panama
Authors: Koven Charles D. , Knox Ryan G. , Fisher Rosie A. , Chambers Jeffrey Q. , Christoffersen Bradley O. , Davies Stuart J. , Detto Matteo , Dietze Michael C. , Faybishenko Boris , Holm Jennifer , Huang Maoyi , Kovenock Marlies , Kueppers Lara M. , Lemieux Gregory , Massoud Elias , McDowell Nathan G. , Muller-Landau Helene C. , Needham Jessica F. , Norby Richard J. , Powell Thomas , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P. , Shuman Jacquelyn K. , Swann Abigail L. S. , Varadharajan Charuleka , Walker Anthony P. , Wright S. Joseph , Xu Chonggang
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Plant functional traits determine vegetation responses to
environmental variation, but variation in trait values is large, even within
a single site. Likewise, uncertainty in how these traits map to Earth system
feedbacks is large. We use a vegetation demographic model (VDM), the
Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), to explore
parameter sensitivity of model predictions, and comparison to observations,
at a tropical forest site: Barro Colorado Island in Panama. We define a
single 12-dimensional distribution of plant trait variation, derived
primarily from observations in Panama, and define plant functional types
(PFTs) as random draws from this distribution. We compare several model
ensembles, where individual ensemble members vary only in the plant traits
that define PFTs, and separate ensembles differ from each other based on
either model structural assumptions or non-trait, ecosystem-level
parameters, which include (a) the number of competing PFTs present in any
simulation and (b) parameters that govern disturbance and height-based
light competition. While single-PFT simulations are roughly consistent with
observations of productivity at Barro Colorado Island, increasing the number
of competing PFTs strongly shifts model predictions towards higher
productivity and biomass forests. Different ecosystem variables show greater
sensitivity than others to the number of competing PFTs, with the
predictions that are most dominated by large trees, such as biomass, being
the most sensitive. Changing disturbance and height-sorting parameters, i.e., the rules of competitive trait filtering, shifts regimes of dominance or
coexistence between early- and late-successional PFTs in the model. Increases
to the extent or severity of disturbance, or to the degree of determinism in
height-based light competition, all act to shift the community towards
early-successional PFTs. In turn, these shifts in competitive outcomes alter
predictions of ecosystem states and fluxes, with more early-successional-dominated forests having lower biomass. It is thus crucial to differentiate
between plant traits, which are under competitive pressure in VDMs, from
those model parameters that are not and to better understand the
relationships between these two types of model parameters to quantify
sources of uncertainty in VDMs.
Climate change will cause non-analogue vegetation states in Africa and commit vegetation to long-term change
Authors: Pfeiffer Mirjam , Kumar Dushyant , Martens Carola , Scheiter Simon
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Vegetation responses to changes in environmental drivers can be subject to temporal lags. This implies that vegetation is committed to future changes once environmental drivers stabilize. Understanding the trajectories of such committed changes is important as they affect future carbon storage, vegetation structure and community composition and therefore need consideration in conservation management. In this study, we investigate whether transient vegetation states can be represented by a time-shifted trajectory of equilibrium vegetation states, or if they are vegetation states without analogue in conceivable equilibrium states. We use a dynamic vegetation model, the aDGVM, to assess deviations between simulated transient and equilibrium vegetation states in Africa between 1970 and 2099 for the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Euclidean distance between simulated transient and equilibrium vegetation states based on selected state variables was used to determine lag times and similarity of vegetation states. We found that transient vegetation states over time increasingly deviated from equilibrium states in both RCP scenarios, but that deviation was more pronounced in RCP8.5 during the second half of the 21st century. Trajectories of transient vegetation change did not follow a virtual trajectory of equilibrium states, but represented non-analogue composite states resulting from multiple lags with respect to vegetation processes and composition. Lag times between transient and most similar equilibrium vegetation states increased over time and were most pronounced in savanna and woodland areas, where disequilibrium in savanna tree cover frequently acted as main driver for dissimilarities. Fire additionally enhanced lag times and Euclidean distance between transient and equilibrium vegetation states due to its restraining effect on vegetation succession. Long lag times can be indicative of high rates of change in environmental drivers, of meta-stability and non-analogue vegetation states, and of augmented risk for future tipping points. For long-term planning, conservation managers should therefore strongly focus on areas where such long lag times and high residual Euclidean distance between most similar transient and equilibrium vegetation states have been simulated.
Multivariate bias corrections of climate simulations: which benefits for which losses?
Authors: François Bastien , Vrac Mathieu , Cannon Alex J. , Robin Yoann , Allard Denis
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Climate models are the major tools to study the climate system and its evolutions in the future. However, climate simulations often present statistical biases and have to be corrected against observations before being used in impact assessments. Several bias correction (BC) methods have therefore been developed in the literature over the last 2 decades, in order to adjust simulations according to historical records and obtain climate projections with appropriate statistical attributes. Most of the existing and popular BC methods are univariate, i.e., correcting one physical variable and one location at a time and, thus, can fail to reconstruct inter-variable, spatial or temporal dependencies of the observations. These remaining biases in the correction can then affect the subsequent analyses. This has led to further research on multivariate aspects for statistical postprocessing BC methods. Recently, some multivariate bias correction (MBC) methods have been proposed, with different approaches to restore multidimensional dependencies. However, these methods are not yet fully apprehended by researchers and practitioners due to differences in their applicability and assumptions, therefore leading potentially to different results.
This study is intended to intercompare four existing MBCs to provide end users with aid in choosing such methods for their applications.
For evaluation and illustration purposes, these methods are applied to correct simulation outputs from one climate model through a cross-validation method, which allows for the assessment of inter-variable, spatial and temporal criteria. Then, a second cross-validation method is performed for assessing the ability of the MBC methods to account for the multidimensional evolutions of the climate model.
Additionally, two reference datasets are used to assess the influence of their spatial resolution on (M)BC results.
Most of the methods reasonably correct inter-variable and intersite correlations. However, none of them adjust correctly the temporal structure as they generate bias-corrected data with usually weak temporal dependencies compared to observations. Major differences are found concerning the applicability and stability of the methods in high-dimensional contexts and in their capability to reproduce the multidimensional changes in the model.
Based on these conclusions, perspectives for MBC developments are suggested, such as methods to adjust not only multivariate correlations but also temporal structures and allowing multidimensional evolutions of the model to be accounted for in the correction.
Daytime low-level clouds in West Africa – occurrence, associated drivers and shortwave radiation attenuation
Authors: Danso Derrick K. , Anquetin Sandrine , Diedhiou Arona , Kouadio Kouakou , Kobea Arsène T.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This study focuses on low-level clouds (LLC) that occur during the daytime over West Africa (WA). These daytime LLCs play a major role in the earth's radiative balance, yet, their understanding is still relatively low in WA. We use the state-of-the-art ERA5 dataset to understand their occurrence and associated drivers as well as their impact on the incoming surface solar radiation in the two contrasting Guinean and Sahelian regions of WA. The diurnal cycle of the daytime occurrence of three LLC classes namely No LCC, LLC Class-1 (LLCs with lower fraction), and LLC Class-2 (LLCs with higher fraction) are first studied. The monthly evolutions of hourly and long-lasting LLC (for at least 6 consecutive hours) events are then analyzed as well as the synoptic and local dynamics associated with the long-lasting LLC events. The occurrence of No LLC events does not present any specific correlation with the time of the day, whatever the region while as soon as LLC coverage becomes more pronounced (LLC Class-2), a diurnal evolution is noted and appears to be strongly different from one region to the other. During the summer months in the Guinean region, the occurrence of LLC Class-1 is low while LLC Class-2 is frequent (occurrence frequency around 75 % in August). In the Sahel, LLC Class-1 is dominant in the summer months (occurrence frequency more than 80 % from June to October), however the peak occurrence frequency of Class-2 is also in the summer. In both regions, the occurrence of LLCs during the rainy season is associated with an influx of cold moist air driven by strong southwesterly winds from the Guinean Gulf. Furthermore, the occurrence of LLC Class-2 is linked to strong surface heating and evaporation of soil moisture. During the dry season on the hand, the occurrence of LLCs is linked more to turbulent upward motion of air caused by surface heating (only in the Sahel) and the convergence of air masses near the surface. The results also showed that the occurrence of LLC Class-2 causes high attenuation of the incoming solar radiation, especially during JAS where about 49 % and 44 % of the downwelling surface shortwave radiation is lost on average in Guinea and Sahel respectively.
Remember rhythm and rime:
Memory and narratives in science communication
Authors: Negrete Aquiles
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Narratives include several characteristics that make them memorable, understandable and enjoyable. To study how memorable different ways are of presenting information is a fundamental task for science communication in order to evaluate materials that not only need to be understood by the general public, but also retained in the long-term as a part of the knowledge appropriation process. In this work I discussed that narratives can be seen as mnemonic structures that superimpose an artificial, logical structure on data which is not necessarily related. In this way scientific factual information can be communicated by being embedded in a mnemonic structure (the story) which facilitates future recollection. Narratives can also be seen as secondary modelling systems in which information is represented and organised by means of a plot. This enables us to make sense of reality and prepare information in an organised structure ready for future recall. Narratives offer information that is contextualised in real-life situations (episodes). When an episode in a narrative work evokes emotion in the reader, this incident may become memorable. Narratives also enable higher memory spans because the information included in them is grouped and organised in a semantic mode. Organisation and semantic links are, in turn, important factors for paired recall association, which represents an important aid in retrieving information from memory by association. Story schemas consist of abstract, content-free knowledge about the structure of a typical story. For science communication, one of the advantages of story schemas is that the lay public is already familiar with them; they represent a widespread and well-established knowledge that can be used, without previous instruction. The use of story schemas could enhance the communication process by facilitating several different stages in memory process. In this work I suggests that narratives represent an interesting tool for science communication to convey science not only in an attractive and reliable format, but also in a long lasting way.
Modeling long-term fire impact on ecosystem characteristics and surface energy using a
process-based vegetation-fire model SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire v1.0
Authors: Huang Huilin , Xue Yongkang , Li Fang , Liu Ye
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Fire is one of the primary disturbances to the distribution and ecological properties of the world’s major biomes and can influence the surface fluxes and climate through vegetation-climate interactions. This study incorporates a fire model of intermediate complexity to a biophysical model with dynamic vegetation, SSiB4/TRIFFID (The Simplified Simple Biosphere Model coupled with the Top-down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics Model). This new model, SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire, updating fire impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle every 10 days, is then used to simulate the burned area during 1948–2014. The simulated global burned area in 2000–2014 is 471.9 Mha yr−1, close to the estimate, 478.1 Mha yr−1, in Global Fire Emission Database v4s (GFED4s) with a spatial correlation of 0.8. The SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire reproduces temporal variations of the burned area at monthly to interannual scales. Specifically, it captures the observed decline trend in northern African savanna fire and accurately simulates the fire seasonality in most major fire regions. The simulated fire carbon emission is 2.19 Pg yr−1, slightly higher than the GFED4s (2.07 Pg yr−1). The SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire is applied to assess long-term fire impact on ecosystem characteristics and surface energy budget by comparing model runs with and without fire (FIRE-ON minus FIRE-OFF). The FIRE-ON simulation reduces tree cover over 6.14 % of the global land surface, accompanied by a decrease in leaf area index and vegetation height by 0.13 m2 m−2 and 1.27 m, respectively. The surface albedo and sensible heat are reduced throughout the year, while latent heat flux decreases in the fire season but increases in the rainy season. Fire results in an increase in surface temperature over most fire regions.
Understanding the Mass, Momentum and Energy Transfer
in the Frozen Soil with Three Levels of Model Complexities
Authors: Yu Lianyu , Zeng Yijian , Su Zhongbo
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Frozen ground covers vast area of earth surface and has its important ecohydrological implications for high latitude and high altitude regions under changing climate. However, it is challenging to characterize the simultaneous transfer of mass and energy in frozen soils. Within the modeling framework of STEMMUS (Simultaneous Transfer of Mass, Momentum and Energy in Unsaturated Soil), the model complexity of soil heat and mass transfer varies from uncoupled, to coupled heat and mass transfer, and further to the explicit consideration of airflow (termed as unCPLD, CPLD, and CPLD-AIR, respectively). The impact of different model complexities on understanding the mass, momentum and energy transfer in frozen soil were investigated. The model performance in simulating water and heat transfer and surface latent heat flux was tested on a typical Tibetan Plateau meadow. Results indicate that the CPLD model considerably improved the simulation of soil moisture, temperature and latent heat flux. The analyses of heat budget reveal that the improvement of soil temperature simulations by CPLD model is ascribed to its physical consideration of vapor flow and thermal effect on water flow, with the former mainly functions above the evaporative front and the latter dominates below the evaporative front. The contribution of airflow-induced water and heat transport to the total mass and energy fluxes is negligible. Nevertheless, given the explicit consideration of airflow, vapor flow transfer and its effect on heat transfer were enhanced during the freezing-thawing transition period.
Comparison of soil characteristics from geophysical and geochemical techniques along a climate and ecological gradient, Chilean Coastal Cordillera (26° to 38° S)
Authors: Schaller Mirjam , Dal Bo Igor , Ehlers Todd Alan , Klotzsche Anja , Drews Reinhard , Fuentes Espoz Juan Pablo , van der Kruk Jan
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In this study, we combine geophysical observations from Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with soil physical, and geochemical properties from pedons excavated in four study areas spanning 1,300 km of the climate and ecological gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. Our aims are to: (1) relate GPR observations to depth varying soil physical and weathering-related chemical properties in adjacent pedons, and (2) evaluate the lateral extent to which these properties can be extrapolated along a hillslope using GPR observations. Physical observations considered include soil bulk density and grain size distribution whereas chemical observations are based on major and trace element analysis. Results indicate that visually-determined soil thickness and the transition from the soil B to C horizons generally correlate with maximums in the 500 and 1000 MHz GPR envelope profiles. To a lesser degree, these maximums in the GPR envelope profiles agree with maximums in weathering related indices such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and the chemical index of mass transfer (τ) for Na. Finally, we find that up-scaling from the pedon to hillslope scale is possible with geophysical methods for certain pedon properties available. Taken together, these findings suggest that the GPR profiles along hillslopes can be used to infer lateral thickness variations in soil horizons, and to some degree the physical and chemical variations with depth.
Is the Blade Element Momentum theory overestimating wind turbine loads? – An aeroelastic comparison between OpenFAST's AeroDyn and QBlade's Lifting-Line Free Vortex Wake method
Authors: Perez-Becker Sebastian , Papi Francesco , Saverin Joseph , Marten David , Bianchini Alessandro , Paschereit Christian Oliver
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Load calculations play a key role in determining the design loads of different wind turbine components. To obtain the aerodynamic loads for these calculations, the industry relies heavily on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. BEM methods use several engineering correction models to capture the aerodynamic phenomena present in Design Load Cases (DLCs) with turbulent wind. Because of this, BEM methods can overestimate aerodynamic loads under challenging conditions when compared to higher-order aerodynamic methods – such as the Lifting-Line Free Vortex Wake (LLFVW) method – leading to unnecessarily high design loads and component costs. In this paper, we give a quantitative answer to the question of load overestimation of a particular BEM implementation by comparing the results of aeroelastic load calculations done with the BEM-based OpenFAST code and the QBlade code, which uses a particular implementation of the LLFVW method. We compare extreme and fatigue load
predictions from both codes using sixty-six 10 min load simulations of the Danish Technical University (DTU) 10 MW Reference Wind Turbine according to the IEC 61400-1 power production DLC group. Results from both codes show differences in fatigue and extreme load estimations for the considered sensors of the turbine. LLFVW simulations predict 9 % lower lifetime damage equivalent loads (DELs) for the out-of-plane blade root and the tower base fore–aft bending moments
compared to BEM simulations. The results also show that lifetime DELs for the yaw-bearing tilt and yaw moments are 3 % and 4 % lower when calculated with the LLFVW code. An ultimate state analysis shows that extreme loads of the blade root out-of-plane bending moment predicted by the LLFVW simulations are 3 % lower than the moments predicted by BEM simulations. For the maximum tower base fore–aft bending moment, the LLFVW simulations predict an increase of 2 %. Further analysis reveals that there are two main contributors to these load differences. The first is the different way both codes treat the effect of the nonuniform wind field on the local blade aerodynamics. The second is the higher average aerodynamic torque in the LLFVW simulations. It influences the transition between operating modes of the controller and changes the aeroelastic behavior of the turbine, thus affecting the loads.
Comentario. La innovación de Perón en 1953: fundamentos históricos para una geopolítica crítica en Sudamérica
Authors: Burdman Julio
Published: June 2020

El discurso de Perón del 11 de noviembre de 1953 es un parteaguas de al menos dos historias: la del peronismo en Argentina, y la del pensamiento geopolítico en Sudamérica. El entonces presidente argentino, que también ejercía el rol de ideólogo principal del movimiento político que lideraba, explica aquí las razones de su proyecto de integración regional, el ABC sudamericano. Expone su versión sobre las causas del fracaso, y propone un cambio de estrategia, que es la apelación al pueblo. En ese momento, se produce un cambio en su visión geopolítica: convoca a una ruptura con las categorías y conceptos del pasado, y a la adopción de una (geo)estrategia nacional-popular para la consecución de transformaciones geográficas y sociales. Este cambio ha sido analizado en clave histórica, considerando al contexto particular de la Guerra Fría que afectaba a los gobiernos sudamericanos, pero también se ha construido alrededor de él una teoría del regionalismo sudamericano. Sobre esta segunda dimensión, argumentaremos que la innovación de Perón no fue la decisión de practicar una geopolítica clásica (ratzeliana) desde el Sur, como sostuvieron Methol Ferré y sus discípulos, sino su giro hacia lo que hoy entendemos como geopolítica crítica: además de disentir con el orden hegemónico, descubre la “trampa territorial”, el fin de la geopolítica convencional y los límites de la política exterior de los Estados-nación.
Hacia una teoría del bestseller canónico: la constitución de un modelo estructural
Authors: Muñoz Rico María , García Rodríguez Araceli , Cordón García José Antonio
Published: June 2020

Uno de los productos mas conocidos de la industria editorial es el denominado como bestseller, esto es, el libro que ha gozado de una buena recepción y ventas, alcanzando, en su mayoría, las listas de los más vendidos. Presentes en los sitios preferentes de librerías, plataformas virtuales y sitios web de las editoriales, constituyen obras fácilmente reconocibles por su estética y su extensión. Su existencia está documentada desde los comienzos de la imprenta y representan un género en sí mismos. Caracterizados por su facilidad de lectura, consumo rápido y el empleo de fórmulas y estrategias narrativas que favorecen su comercialización, su naturaleza está vinculada más con lo económico que con lo literario. La atención académica que han recibido es escasa y, en su mayoría, de carácter crítico. Serían la contraposición al concepto de canon, entendido como la literatura por excelencia. Sin embargo, la aparición de las tecnologías de la información y las redes sociales ha suscitado la conformación de un nuevo tipo de bestseller, caracterizado tanto por el consenso académico, antes reservado solo a las obras del canon, y el consenso social, en el marco de un buen funcionamiento comercial. Es lo que hemos denominado como Bestseller canónico. El objetivo de este articulo es el estudio de los fundamentos terminológicos y normativos del bestseller, y la propuesta de un modelo estructural para la caracterización de esta nueva modalidad de obras.
Las 'Epistolae Magni Turci' de Laudivio Zacchia en dos ediciones incunables españolas: nuevos datos para su identificación
Authors: Domingo Malvadi Arantxa
Published: June 2020

Las Epistolae Magni Turci de Laudivio Zacchia, durante mucho tiempo atribuidas a Mehmet II, tuvieron un notable éxito editorial en el siglo XV de forma que se llebgaron a imprimir hasta en 20 ocasiones entre 1473 y 1500. En España se conocían hasta el momento 2 ediciones: la primera, sin datos de identificación editorial pero atribuida al taller de Pablo Hurus en Zaragoza en torno a 1480-1484, y otra edición fechada en 1490 y adscrita al taller de Heinrich Botel en Lérida. En las líneas que se siguen se revela la existencia de una nueva edición de la obra que no figura en los repertorios bibliográficos, cuya identificación y adscripción al taller de Pablo Hurus, obliga a una reinterpretación de los datos existentes sobre las ediciones incunables de la obra en España y los ejemplares conservados.
Las fotografías de Robert Capa y Gerda Taro durante el asedio del Alcázar de Toledo (1936). Revisión del catálogo de Magnum Photos y el International Center of Photography
Authors: Vega Hidalgo Carlos
Published: June 2020

Robert Capa y Gerda Taro llegaron a España en agosto de 1936 cargados con sus cámaras fotográficas para cubrir la Guerra Civil. En pocas semanas, la pareja realizó un viaje por todo el territorio leal en busca de impactantes fotografías y victorias republicanas. Su estancia en Toledo es de las menos conocidas. En la ciudad, el coronel Moscardó, junto con un grupo de cadetes y guardias civiles que habían apoyado la sublevación militar, resistía en el interior del Alcázar desde el 22 de julio. En los archivos de la Agencia Magnum y el International Center of Photography se conservan varias fotografías erróneamente catalogadas, en cuanto a fecha y localización, realizadas por Capa y Taro durante su estancia en Toledo. Es objeto de estudio el análisis de las fotografías identificadas en Toledo, sobre las que apena se ha investigado.  Como resultado se aportan datos que permiten reconocer espacios y acotar fechas. Entre las imágenes consultadas podemos hacer una distinción entre el primer viaje de los reporteros a finales de agosto y el segundo viaje el 18 de septiembre, incluyendo una diferenciación en los formatos de la película utilizada por Capa y Taro. Por último, se valora el papel de la alemana, quien se inició como fotoperiodista en esta etapa y que fue olvidada tras haber sido principal protagonista en la vida y la trayectoria de Robert Capa.
Relevancia de la ubicación en la relación Universidad-Empresa: análisis de la procedencia de los egresados de universidades españolas en empresas del IBEX35
Authors: Moreno-Delgado Alicia , Orduña Malea Enrique , Repiso Rafael
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la relación universidad-empresa estudiando la forma en la que las empresas del IBEX35 contratan titulados de las universidades españolas. Para ello, se profundiza en la manera en la que afecta la ubicación tanto de empresas como de universidades a la contratación de egresados. Se han recogido datos sobre el número de titulados de universidades españolas que trabajan para cada una de las empresas que componen el IBEX35 haciendo uso de la información contenida en LinkedIn y, a través del análisis estadístico se ha identificado la forma en la que se agrupan las universidades en relación a los egresados que aportan a las empresas. Los resultados indican que las empresas atraen a los graduados fundamentalmente de las universidades situadas en la misma zona geográfica que sus sedes. Además, las universidades ubicadas a cierta distancia de los grandes centros económicos e industriales proporcionan a estas empresas menos empleados.
Digitaria insularis Management and Nematode Dynamics in Off-season Maize
Authors: Kashiwaqui Marcos Massuo , Dias-Arieira Claudia Regina , Matias João Paulo , Silva André A. Pazinato da , Santos Neto José Cristimiano dos , Severino José Junior , Goes Maciel Cleber Daniel de
Published: June 2020

Maize stands out as one of the most important crops in succession to soybean in tropic countries. However, the susceptibility of both crops to nematodes, can cause a continuous increase in the nematode population, especially in areas where there is the occurrence of weeds susceptible to the parasites. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the nematodes dynamics in a growing area with off-season maize under chemical weed management. The experiment was installed at Tuneiras do Oeste County, Brazil, designed in randomized blocks, with seven treatments and five replications, constituted by sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) management systems with glyphosate associated to herbicides inhibitors of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and auxin-mimetic, and complement with glyphosate + atrazine + tembotrione in post-emergence. The effect of treatments on Pratylenchus spp. population was observed in roots and soil rhizosphere soil of D. insularis and in maize roots. Glyphosate application followed by glyphosate + atrazine was inefficient in controlling sourgrass. Management system with glyphosate + clethodim + 2.4-D followed by glyphosate + atrazine + tembotrione reduced the Pratylenchus spp. population in sourgrass, but any management system repeated this effect in maize. Management systems of D. insularis with associations of glyphosate + clethodim; glyphosate + clethodim + 2.4-D and glyphosate + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, all followed by glyphosate + atrazine + tembotrione, showed excellent control level of sourgrass without affecting plant height, grain and rank numbers and grain yield. It is concluded that the management system using herbicides association controlled sourgrass and may interferer on Pratylenchus spp. population.
Rede hospitalar pública em Portugal: resultados de diferentes modelos organizacionais
Authors: Nunes Alexandre Morais
Published: June 2020

Os hospitais públicos em Portugal, com o objetivo de aumentar a sua produtividade, eficiência e qualidade, passaram por várias reformas ao longo dos últimos 17 anos. Como resultado, existem diferentes modelos organizacionais (Hospitais, Centros Hospitalares e Unidades Locais de Saúde) e dois estatutos jurídicos (o empresarial - E.P.E. e outro em parceria público-privada - PPP). O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e comparar os resultados dos hospitais públicos nos diferentes modelos de organização e estatuto jurídico, em 2015, tendo por base os indicadores de acesso, desempenho/eficiência e qualidade. Como método recorreu-se à revisão da literatura e à análise dos indicadores de acesso, eficiência e qualidade coletados junto dos sistemas de informação do Ministério da Saúde. Como principais resultados, relativamente ao modelo organizacional, os Centros Hospitalares apresentam ótimos resultados na assistência, os hospitais em parceria público-privada apresentam os melhores resultados quanto ao tempo de permanência e à utilização da capacidade instalada (geral e em ambulatório). No entanto, as Unidades Locais de saúde apresentam os melhores resultados na articulação com a atenção primária, na cirurgia de ambulatório, no cumprimento dos tempos máximos de resposta e no controlo da infeção. E conclusão, dos vários modelos, verifica-se que é nas Unidades Locais de Saúde que se pode encontrar um equilibro entre acesso, eficiência, produtividade, desempenho, qualidade e controle de custos.
Impacto da dimensão gestação saudável e segura do projeto cuidando do futuro
Authors: Pereira Wédia Duarte , França Andreia Castro de Sousa , Firmo Wellyson Da Cunha Araújo , Saldanha Ana Cristina Rodrigues
Published: June 2020

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as ações de pré-natal, desenvolvidas antes e depois da implantação do Projeto Cuidando do Futuro (PCF), no município de Bacabal, Maranhão, considerando os indicadores prevista na dimensão gestação saudável e segura. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida a partir de dados do Sistema de Acompanhamento do Programa de Humanização no Pré-Natal e Nascimento, das gestantes que iniciaram e finalizaram a assistência pré-natal nos anos de 2009 e 2011, um ano antes da implantação do PCF e um ano após, respectivamente, tendo como base os indicadores de qualidade propostos, pelo PCF. Para estudar o indicador de mortalidade infantil utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informação de Nascido Vivo, sendo analisado pelo Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, utilizando a correlação de Pearson para comparação das variáveis em estudo. Observou-se que o número de gestantes que realizaram sete ou mais consultas passou de 1,2% para 14,7%, notando-se um aumento na realização do pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de 11,7% para 66,5%. Em relação aos exames laboratoriais, em 2009, 10% das gestantes realizaram todos os exames, tendo um acréscimo para 13% em 2011 e o número de gestantes imunizadas ampliou-se de 51,6% para 79%. Com todos esses indicadores melhorados, observou-se uma redução da mortalidade infantil. Conclui-se que o PCF, gerou impacto positivo nas ações de pré-natal, ajudando a reduzir as taxas de mortalidade infantil.
Gerenciamento de risco nas inspeções sanitárias de indústrias farmacêuticas: principais indicativos de impacto do modelo adotado em Minas Gerais
Authors: Dufloth Simone Cristina , Rodrigues Paula , Caldeira Marcos Guilherme Nunes
Published: June 2020

O gerenciamento de risco emerge enquanto um modelo de gestão na área de saúde pública que visa o melhor uso dos recursos com a garantia da qualidade dos serviços. O presente trabalho analisa os principais indicativos de impacto da adoção do modelo de gerenciamento de risco implementado pela Vigilância Sanitária de Minas Gerais em indústrias farmacêuticas do segmento de medicamentos e insumos farmacêuticos. O estudo aqui apresentado caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, documental e de campo. A pesquisa de campo resultou de questionários direcionados a representantes das indústrias farmacêuticas produtoras de medicamentos e insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFA) de Minas Gerais, submetidas a fiscalização da Visa e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com responsáveis técnicos de 4 indústrias de medicamentos localizadas na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, e com 2 gestores e inspetores do corpo técnico da Vigilância Sanitária de Minas Gerais, além de observação participante com o intuito de melhor compreender os fluxos internos da rotina de trabalho da Visa Estadual. A pesquisa evidenciou indícios e percepções positivas em relação ao modelo de gerenciamento de risco adotado pela Vigilância Sanitária em indústrias farmacêuticas, de forma que apurou indicativos de impacto favoráveis tanto para o governo quanto para as empresas em questão.
Auditoria e a prática do enfermeiro auditor: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Monteiro Magali Beatris da Silva , De Paula Maria Angela Boccara
Published: June 2020

Considerando a constante incorporação tecnológica pelo sistema de saúde brasileiro, a auditoria de enfermagem é uma especialidade em expansão na área da saúde e para a qual o enfermeiro auditor atua em instituições de saúde, pública ou privada, conforme Resolução COFEN n. 266/2001, visando atender as metas e objetivos administrativos, que refletem na qualidade da assistência prestada. Objetivou-se identificar publicações relacionadas à auditoria e a prática do enfermeiro auditor em periódicos científicos desde o seu reconhecimento pelo COFEN. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados da CAPES, LILACS e SCIELO, no período de outubro de 2001 a dezembro de 2018. Foram utilizados artigos publicados no Brasil e no idioma português, sendo selecionados nove estudos que mostraram que o enfermeiro auditor desenvolve as atividades de auditoria em instituições de saúde, pública ou privada, principalmente por meio da análise retrospectiva dos registros de enfermagem no prontuário, visando o controle de custos operacionais e redução de glosas relacionadas aos insumos, anotações e técnicas de enfermagem, que influenciam a eficácia da gestão e assistência ao paciente, destacando-se também, a necessidade de maior investimento em educação permanente junto aos profissionais de enfermagem. Assim, a auditoria de enfermagem é uma importante ferramenta de gestão que é realizada frequentemente pelo enfermeiro auditor, a partir do método retrospectivo dos dados no prontuário do paciente, para promover controle de custos operacionais que influenciam, direta e indiretamente, a qualidade da assistência, lucratividade e sustentabilidade de instituições de saúde.
Análise de viabilidade financeira da radioterapia do SUS: estudo de caso em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Pereira Alves de Abreu Daniel , De Souza Antônio Artur , Evangelista Fonseca Simone , Espinele da Silva Sabrina
Published: June 2020

Dados do Ministério Público apontam o câncer como a segunda maior causa de morte por enfermidade no país. Dentre as formas de terapia para essa doença, destaca-se a radioterapia, procedimento que emprega o uso de radiação para eliminação ou controle das células cancerígenas. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade da manutenção deste tipo de tratamento para pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), tendo em vista uma defasagem no reajuste a tabela desde 2008 até maio de 2019. Foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa via uso de indicadores financeiros e simulações de múltiplos cenários com base em um estudo de caso de uma clínica de radioterapia credenciada ao SUS em Belo Horizonte. A coleta de dados ocorreu diretamente com planilhas de controle da instituição e suas demonstrações contábeis de 2017 e 2018. Como conclusão da pesquisa, constatou que, com a alteração da forma de repasse do SUS, o potencial de crescimento da clínica analisada foi potencializado, bem como reduziu uma parte de seus riscos. Entretanto, foi identificado também que dependência significativa de receitas advindas de convênios particulares, bem como a inexistência de viabilidade caso a clínica atendesse apenas pacientes do SUS considerando os valores de repasse de 2008.
Molecular docking investigation of the amantadine binding to the enzymes upregulated or downregulated in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ionescu Mihaela Ileana
Published: June 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Levodopa in combination with amantadine has a demonstrated efficacy in motility impairment. An extensive investigation of some enzymes described to be upregulated or downregulated in PD was made – adenylate kinase (AK), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), nucleoside-diphosphate kinase 3 (NDK3), purine nucleoside phosphorylase 1 (PNP1), and ecto-5’-nucleotidase (NT5E). Also, creatine kinase (CK) was included in the study because it is one of the main enzymes involved in the regulation of the nucleotide ratio in energy metabolism. To date, there is no proven link between amantadine treatment of PD and these enzymes. Because there are many AKs isoforms modified in PD, the AK was the first investigated. The molecular docking experiments allow the analysis of the selective binding of amantadine – unionized (with –NH2 group) and ionized form (with –NH3+ group) – to the AKs’ isoforms implicated in PD. Using available X-ray 3D structures of human AKs in closed-conformation, it was demonstrated that there are notable differences between the interactions of the two forms of amantadine for the zebrafish AK1 (5XZ2), human AK2 (2C9Y), human AK5 (2BWJ), and AK from B.stearothermophilus. The cytosolic human AK1 and human AK2 mostly interact with ionized amantadine by AMP binding residues. The human AK5 interaction with ionized amantadine does not involve the residues from the catalytic site. Among other enzymes tested in the present study, APRT revealed the best results in respect of binding amantadine ionized form. The results offer a new perspective for further investigation of the connections between amantadine treatment of PD and some enzymes involved in purine metabolism.
LEGAL BASIS OF PRESS FREEDOM IN IRELAND
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Michał
Published: June 2020

The concept of freedom of the press is closely linked to freedom of expression. Freedom of the media is an instrument of free speech and is derived from the freedom of expression, independence of thought, opinion, ideas and judgement. Freedom of the media is possible only if the state ensures real independence of expression, access to reliable information, freedom of publication and publishing. Respecting media freedom through non-interference by public auReceived thorities is an important part of the European standard of democracy, and is aligned with the essence of the liberal democratic regime. Ireland has a diversified market of newspapers and magazines, created by private entities, operating on the basis of well-developed guarantees of freedom of establishment that are deeply rooted in the Irish legal tradition. Freedom of speech,
which is also enjoyed by the media, is enshrined in the Constitution, and appropriate institutions have been established to protect it, defending the right of the media to obtain and disseminate information, but also to safeguard the principles of law and ethics in journalism, combining the right of the press to express opinions and freely describe reality with the right of the beneficiaries of this activity (readers) to obtain information that is reliable, true, honest and credible. This article attempts to characterize the legal basis of press freedom in Ireland (both domestic and international) and to describe the institutions that uphold this freedom, ensuring that the media system functions properly as one of the subsystems of the social system.
THE RIGHT TO FAMILY LIFE: THE EUROPEAN AND INTER-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES. THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Myl Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

Family, as a fundamental and natural group unity of society, has a special status both under a national law and under international regulations. The right to family life has been recognized as one of the basic human rights. States are obliged to respect the family life and to refrain from an arbitrary or unlawful interference in the life. In addition, States have
obligations to adopt appropriate legal measures aimed at protecting everyone’s private and family life. Social changes should be taken into account during the implementation of States’ obligations (including changes in the family life model, eg. moving away from the ‘traditional’ concept of family as marriage of woman and man and their children). In the text it is presented an overview of how the concepts of family and family life are understood under the international human rights law. Then, the practice of the European and Inter-American human rights bodies was analyzed in relation to the protection of family life. The text is also an attempt to address the question whether people remaining in family models other than ‘traditional’ create the family life and whether the life in protected under the international human rights law.
EXPIRY OF THE COUNCILOR’S MANDATE – SELECTED ISSUES
Authors: Moll Tomasz
Published: June 2020

This study deals with selected legal issues related to the expiration of the councilor’s mandate, namely circumstances causing this legal effect (death, loss of electoral right or not having election day, refusal to take the oath, written resignation of the mandate, violation of the statutory prohibition of joining a councilor’s mandate with the performance of certain in separate regulations of the function or activity, selection to the head of a municipality, failure to submit a statement on its financial status as specified in separate regulations), procedure, dates and forms of expiry and obligations of the authorities in this respect
A FEW COMMENTS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN GEOLOGY AND MINING
Authors: Dobrowolski Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

This article is devoted to discussing specific solutions in the field of environmental impact assessments of projects regulated by the Act of June 9, 2011 on Geological and Mining Law. Particular attention has been paid to recent changes in this area. They mainly concern the extension of the scope of exemptions from the obligation to obtain a decision on environmental conditions.
COMMENTARY OF THE JUDGMENT OF THE NACZELNY SĄD ADMINISTRACYJNY OF DECEMBER 20, 2017, REF. NUMBER ACT: II GSK 3377/17 (ISSUING PERMISSION TO ESTABLISH A COOPERATIVE BANK)
Authors: Majewski Kamil
Published: June 2020

This commentary addresses the issue of proceedings regarding the application for the establishment of a cooperative bank. The key issues in this case were the content of the application for permission, the competence of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority to request supplementation of the application and the consequences of the party’s failure to complete the application. After a thorough analysis of the facts revealed in the justification of the ruled judgment and the legal status applicable in the case, it comes to the conclusion that in the present case the correct court ruling was issued twice. The conduct of the authority, in this case the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, was also correct.
Factors causing stress in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Sökmen Z , Türkleş S
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to identify the factors causing stress in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 151 women who were receiving IVF therapy in the assisted reproductive techniques units of three state hospitals in Istanbul. The study data were collected using a Questionnaire and a Distress/Problem Identification form both developed by the investigators. Results: A considerable percentage of the women whose income was less than their expenses stated that they feared their infertility treatment would be a failure. The majority of the women who gave the answer “the cause is not known” or “me” when they are asked “who is responsible for not being able to have a child” stated that they were annoyed when people asked questions about having children and felt strained and uneasy on the days of coming to the center. Conclusions: We suggest that trainings should be planned for health teams and health teams should establish support groups and organize meetings for couples
Impact of the oncological treatment on change in taste perception and
dietary habits of children diagnosed with cancer – preliminary study
Authors: Jaroch Alina , Różycka K , Kupczyk K , Kołtan S , Jakubczyk M
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Chemotherapy, which is widely used in
cancer treatment in children, may cause various side
effects, including impaired taste perception, thus the
main aim of the presented study was a subjective
assessment of changes in taste perception and
dietary habits among children undergoing
oncological treatment.
Materials and methods: In the present study, 41
hospitalized children were examined (mean age 11.0
± 5.1 years). Anthropometric measurements were
made, and diet was assessed using a food frequency
questionnaire.
Results: For 85.4% of the patients, the current
treatment was chemotherapy. The average Body
Mass Index value was 17.8 kg/m2
. 68.3% of children
declared a change in taste preferences preferred
tastes were spicy (39.3%) and sour (35.7%).
Determination of the way of eating showed a
significant reduction in the consumption of bread,
milk and dairy products, poultry, meat, fish,
potatoes, vegetables, and a particularly pronounced
decrease in the frequency of sweets consumption.
Conclusions: Oncological treatment changes the
subjective taste perception of children in favor of
intense flavors, and the process of oncological
treatment, especially the use of chemotherapy,
affects the way of eating