bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Sirtuin expression, senescence regulating miRNAs, mtDNA, and Bifidobateria correlate with wellbeing and skin appearance after Sirtuin- activating drink
Authors: Haslberger Alexander , Lilja Stephanie , Bäck Hanna , Stoll Carinna , Mayer Anna , Pointner Angelika , Hippe Berit , Krammer Ulrike
Published: April 2021

Background: Sirtuins attract high attention considering their properties to reverse molecular hallmarks of aging and age-related disorders. Many secondary plant ingredients (SPI) are known for their sirtuin-activating activities as well as epigenetic regulation of telomers, autophagy, senolysis, DNA repair but also improvement of gut microbiota. Furthermore, prebiotics enhanced butyrate was shown to interact with SIRT pathways. This study investigated effects of a drink containing a mix of different SPIs in combination with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and their effect on SIRT activation, markers of aging relevant mechanisms and gut microbiota composition in correlation with subjective wellbeing and skin structure appearance. Methods: We analyzed gene expression, mtDNA amount, and microbial composition in response to a sirtuin-activating drink in humans compared to a control group consuming a placebo. Food frequency, beauty, and general health questionnaires were asked, and a set of mRNAs and miRNAs were assessed using qPCR analysis. The gut composition was analyzed using Illumnia sequencing.Results: SPI increased SIRT1, SIRT3 and modulated cell cycle relevant miR16 and senescence regulating miR34 expression. Additionally, mtDNA amount was higher in the group consuming the active supplement indicating an improved mitochondrial activity. The combined effect of SPI and GOS lead to an increase of Actinobacteria, especially Bifidobacterium, but also Veillonellaceae which was not observed in the control group. Significant correlations between SIRT3 expression and the gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Veillonellaceae were observed. Additionally, statistical analysis of subjects self-reporting indicated beneficial effects regarding beauty and wellbeing.Conclusion: Our results show that the combination of sirtuins inducing SPI and prebiotic GOS influences molecular pathways counteracting aging, senescence, inflammation, and enhanced groups of gut microbiota which are known to improve the innate and adaptive immune system. Keywords: secondary plant ingredients, prebiotic, Sirtuins, subjective wellbeing, Bifidobacterium
Portfolio selection in non-stationary markets
Authors: Kenig Eyal
Published: April 2021

We consider the task of portfolio selection as a time series prediction problem. At each time-step we obtain prices of a universe of assets and are required to allocate our wealth across them with the goal of maximizing it, based on the historic price returns. We assume these returns are realizations of a general non-stationary stochastic process, and only assume they do not change significantly over short time scales. We follow a statistical learning approach, in which we bound the generalization error of a non-stationary stochastic process, using analogues of uniform laws of large numbers for non-i.i.d. random variables. We use the learning bounds to formulate an optimization algorithm for portfolio selection, and present favorable numerical results with financial data.
Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Zinc Contaminated Soil by Changeover of Composite Electrolyte
Authors: Amipara Brijesh , Galgale Arti D. , Shah Nirav G.
Published: April 2021

The combination of electrolytes 0.1 M potassium chloride (KCl) and 0.1 M citric acid (CA) was investigated in a bench scale reactor for removal of zinc (Zn) from soil using electrokinetic remediation (EKR). The study was conducted over a period of 144 hours for different experimental set-ups. When KCl was used as a single electrolyte, 49.38 % removal of zinc was obtained with the changeover of electrolyte at every 24 hours, as compared to 12.5 %, when the reactor was operated as batch reactor without changeover. The use of composite electrolyte in cathode compartment and single electrolyte in anode compartment showed 79.06 % removal, whereas the use of composite electrolyte in both anode and cathode compartment gave 21.74 % removal.
Multiple solutions for singularly perturbed nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equations
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo
Published: April 2021

In this paper we consider singularly perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagnetic potentials and involving continuous nonlinearities with subcritical, critical or supercritical growth. By means of suitable variational techniques, truncation arguments and Lusternik–Schnirelman theory, we relate the number of nontrivial complex-valued solutions with the topology of the set where the electric potential attains its minimum value.
Evaluation of trunk muscle activities in response to three breastfeeding positions utilised by women
Authors: Ojukwu Chidiebele Petronilla , Ezeukwu Obinna Antoninius , Anih Chinagozim Faith , Okemuo Adaora Justina , Ezugwu Uchechukwu Anthonia , Ikele Chioma Nneka , Igweagu Chukwuma Paulinus , Ezugwu Lazarus Eneje
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: High prevalence of breastfeeding (BF)-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in nursing mothers have been reported in previous studies. Studies are scarce on the biomechanical effects of the commonly utilized BF positions. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the electromyographic (EMG) activities of the trunk muscles in response to three BF positions commonly utilized by mothers globally. METHODS: 20 non-pregnant nulliparous females participated in this experimental study. EMG activities from erector spinae (ES) and external oblique (EO) muscles were recorded bilaterally in three BF conditions: cradle (C1); cross-cradle (C2); football (FB). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of one-way analysis of variance with alpha level set at 0.05. RESULTS: The activity levels of right EO and ES muscles significantly increased during the C2 hold, while the left EO and ES muscles revealed significantly higher EMG levels in the C1 trial. Asymmetrical activity between the right and the left parts of the EO muscle was significantly higher during the C2 hold. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that compared to C2 and C1 holds, FB hold may be more biomechanically efficient relative to its decreased muscular demands. The physical stresses associated with BF may be higher with the adoption of C2 and C1 holds, especially for prolonged periods.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on patients with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Huang Liyi , Zhang Qing , Fu Chenying , Liang Zejun , Xiong Feng , He Chengqi , Wei Quan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) for spinal cord injury (SCI) are controversial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HBO therapy on motor function, sensory function, and psychology after SCI. METHOD: We searched the following databases: Medline, Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and VIP up to May 2020. We included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) which investigated patients with SCI received HBO during hospitalization. Motor function, sensory function, and psychology status were measured by commonly used scales including American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), ASIA sensory score, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). We performed a meta-analysis by calculating mean difference (MD) to determine the effect of HBO on three levels of function on patients with SCI. We evaluated heterogeneity by I2 test, and I2> 50% was significant. RESULTS : A total of 1746 studies were identified initially, and 11 studies were included, involving 875 participants. HBO therapy significantly improved the ASIA motor score (MD 15.84, 95% CI 9.04 to 22.64, I2= 87%). Six trails suggested that HBO therapy statistically promoted ASIA sensory score (MD 66.30, 95% CI 53.44 to 79.16, I2= 95%). The other four trails suggested that HBO therapy statistically increased the light touch score (MD 9.27, 95% CI 3.89 to 14.65, I2= 91%) and needling score (MD 10.01, 95% CI 8.60 to 11.43, I2= 95%), respectively. HBO therapy was implicated in the significant improvement of MBI (MD 13.80, 95% CI 10.65 to 16.94, I2= 0%). HBO therapy also decreased the HAMA (MD -2.37, 95% CI -2.72 to -2.02, I2= 0%) and HAMD (MD -3.74, 95% CI -5.82 to -1.65, I2= 90%). CONCLUSIONS: HBO therapy may improve motor function, sensory function and psychology after SCI compared to conventional treatments. More high-quality, large sample size RCTs are needed to support these perspectives.
Acute normobaric hypoxia does not increase blood or plasma viscosity
Authors: Buono Michael , Rostomily Kaitlyn
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

It has previously been reported that chronic hypoxia increases blood viscosity. The increase is usually attributed to polycythemia-induced increases in hematocrit. However, the effect of acute hypoxia in humans on blood viscosity is unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute hypoxia, independent of changes in hematocrit, on blood and plasma viscosity.

METHODS:

Nine healthy volunteers breathed room air for 30 min, followed by 30 min of breathing 15% oxygen. Blood samples were collected at the end of both the normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and hematocrit were measured in each sample.

RESULTS:

The mean±SD hemoglobin oxygen saturation significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased from 98±1% during normoxia to 87±2% during hypoxia. Hematocrit was essentially identical for the two conditions (42.1% vs. 42.0%). Blood viscosity was not significantly different for the two conditions with a mean of 2.89±0.17 cP during normoxia and 2.83±0.19 cP during hypoxia. Likewise, plasma viscosity was not significantly different for the two conditions with a mean of 1.19±0.04 cP during normoxia and 1.19±0.05 cP during hypoxia.

CONCLUSION:

Such results suggest that acute normobaric hypoxia, independent of changes in hematocrit, does not increase blood or plasma viscosity.
Characterization of lung ultrasound imaging in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Sun Ying-Hua , Yuan Lin , Du Yang , Zhou Jian-Guo , Lin Sam Bill , Zhang Rong , Dong Yi , Chen Chao
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a bedside technique that can be used on diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal respiratory diseases. However, there are rare reports on the ultrasound features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) which is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in preterm infants. OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasound features of different BPD levels, and to investigate the value of ultrasound in evaluating moderate-to-severe BPD. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, newborns of less than 37 weeks’ gestational age in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were included. The LUS characteristics including pleural line, alveolar-interstitial syndrome (AIS), retrodiaphragmatic hyperechogenicity and diaphragmatic morphology were observed and recorded. The reliability of LUS in evaluating moderate and severe BPD were compared and calculated. RESULTS: A total of 108 infants were enrolled in our study: 39, 24, 29, 16 infants had non, mild, moderate and severe BPD. The median(IQR) pleura thickness in the moderate-to-severe BPD group was 1.7(1.6–1.85) mm, which was thicker than that in the none-to-mild BPD infants (P < 0.001), meanwhile the proportions of rough pleural lines, diffuse AIS, retrodiaphragmatic hyperechogenicity, small cysts above the diaphragm and rough diaphragm in the moderate-to-severe BPD group were also higher than those in none-to-mild BPD group (86.7% vs 36.5, 57.8% vs 7.9%, 37.8% vs 0, 33.3% vs 0, P < 0.001). In evaluating moderate-to-severe BPD, rough pleura had 91.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.793–0.965) in sensitivity, 91.3% (95% CI: 0.797–0.966) in negative predictive value (NPV), and 66.7% (95% CI: 0.544–0.771) in specificity. Small cysts had 100% (95% CI: 0.941-1) in specificity, 100% (95% CI: 0.816-1) in positive predictive value (PPV), and 37.8% in sensitivity (95% CI: 0.251–0.524). Rough diaphragm had 100% (95% CI: 0.943-1) in sensitivity, 100% (95% CI: 0.796-1) in PPV and 33.3% (95% CI: 0.211–0.478) in specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on its unique advantages such as convenient, no radiation and repeatable, LUS is a valuable imaging method in assessing the severity of BPD, especially in moderate and severe BPD.
Effects of Acupuncture on Vascular Cognitive Impairment with No Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Li , Yin Xuan , Li Wei , Cao Yan , Chen Yueqi , Lao Lixing , Zhang Zhangjin , Mi Yiqun , Xu Shifen
Published: April 2021

Background: Acupuncture has been used for treating vascular cognitive impairment, but evidence for its effectiveness remains limited. Objective: This single-center, patient-accessor blinded, randomized controlled trial was designed to assess whether acupuncture could improve the cognitive function of patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND). Methods: 120 VCIND patients were randomly assigned to the electro-acupuncture (EA) or sham acupuncture (SA) group at a 1 : 1 ratio, with treatment conducted thrice weekly for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the changes of cognitive function measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) from baseline to week 8. The secondary outcomes included the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Follow-up assessments were performed with MoCA and MMSE at week 16 and 32. Linear mixed-effects models were used for analysis and all statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The results showed that patients in the EA group had a significantly greater improvement in MoCA score (23.85±4.18) than those in the SA group (21.48±4.44) at week 8 (95% CI = 0.80, 3.92, p = 0.04), as well as higher MoCA scores over time (p < 0.001 for interaction). Patients who received EA showed a greater increase in MMSE scores (26.41±3.47) than those who received SA (24.40±3.85) along 8 weeks (95% CI = 0.69, 3.34, p = 0.004). However, results diminished over time. No serious adverse events occurred during the trial. Conclusion: EA is a safe and effective technique to improve cognition over the short term of 8 weeks in VCIND patients.
Informant-Reported Discrimination, Dementia, and Cognitive Impairment in Older Brazilians
Authors: Farfel Jose M. , Barnes Lisa L. , Capuano Ana , Sampaio Maria Carolina de Moraes , Wilson Robert S. , Bennett David A.
Published: April 2021

Background: Self-reported discrimination is a source of psychosocial stress that has been previously associated with poor cognitive function in older African Americans without dementia. Objective: Here, we examine the association of discrimination with dementia and cognitive impairment in racially diverse older Brazilians. Methods: We included 899 participants 65 years or older (34.3% Black) from the Pathology, Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias Study (PARDoS), a community-based study of aging and dementia. A structured interview with informants of the deceased was conducted. The interview included the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale for the diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment proximate to death and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a second measure of cognitive impairment. Informant-reported discrimination was assessed using modified items from the Major and Everyday Discrimination Scales. Results: Discrimination was reported by informants of 182 (20.2%) decedents and was more likely reported by informants of Blacks than Whites (25.3% versus 17.6%, p = 0.006). Using the CDR, a higher level of informant-reported discrimination was associated with higher odds of dementia (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.08 –1.42, p = 0.002) and cognitive impairment (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06 –1.39, p = 0.004). Similar results were observed using the IQCODE (estimate: 0.07, SE: 0.02, p = 0.003). The effects were independent of race, sex, education, socioeconomic status, major depression, neuroticism, or comorbidities. Conclusion: Higher level of informant-reported discrimination was associated with higher odds of dementia and cognitive impairment in racially diverse older Brazilians.
Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Deficiency Changes Neuronal Electrical Activity and Levels of Mitochondrial Proteins in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Huo Qingwei , Tabassum Sidra , Chen Ming , Sun Mengyao , Deng Yueming , Zheng Xingzhi , Li Yi , Chen Jian , Long Cheng , Yang Li
Published: April 2021

Background: Neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and impairments in synaptic activity and memory. However, we know little about the physiological role of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) from which Aβ derives. Objective: Evaluate APP deficiency induced alterations in neuronal electrical activity and mitochondrial protein expression. Methods: Utilizing electrophysiological, biochemical, pharmacological, and behavioral tests, we revealed aberrant local field potential (LFP), extracellular neuronal firing and levels of mitochondrial proteins. Result: We show that APP knockout (APP-/-) leads to increased gamma oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at 1-2 months old, which can be restored by baclofen (Bac), a γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor (GABABR) agonist. A higher dose and longer exposure time is required for Bac to suppress neuronal firing in APP-/- mice than in wild type animals, indicating enhanced GABABR mediated activity in the mPFC of APP-/- mice. In line with increased GABABR function, the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, L-methionine sulfonate, significantly increases GABABR levels in the mPFC of APP-/- mice and this is associated with a significantly lower incidence of death. The results suggest that APP-/- mice developed stronger GABABR mediated inhibition. Using HEK 293 as an expression system, we uncover that AβPP functions to suppress GABABR expression. Furthermore, APP-/- mice show abnormal expression of several mitochondrial proteins. Conclusion: APP deficiency leads to both abnormal network activity involving defected GABABR and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting critical role of AβPP in synaptic and network function.
Is Fall Risk Systematically Evaluated in Memory Clinics? A National Survey of Practice in France
Authors: Leroy Victoire , Chen Yaohua , Demnitz Naiara , Pasquier Florence , Krolak-Salmon Pierre , Fougère Bertrand , Puisieux Françcois
Published: April 2021

Background: Falls are a major health problem in older persons but are still under-diagnosed and challenging to prevent. Current guidelines do not target high-risk populations, especially people living with dementia. In France, people with neurocognitive disorders are mainly referred to memory clinics (MCs). Objective: We aimed to survey the routine practice of physicians working in MCs regarding fall risk assessment. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in France from January to May 2019 among physicians working in MCs, through an anonymous online questionnaire: twenty-seven questions about the physician’s background and their practice of fall risk assessment, especially use of clinical and paraclinical tools. We compared the results according to the age and the specialty of the physician. Results: We obtained 171 responses with a majority of women (60%) and geriatricians (78%). All age classes and all French regions were represented. Most of respondents (98.8%) stated that they address gait and/or falls in outpatient clinic and 95.9%in day hospitals. When asked about how they assess fall risk, fall history (83%) and gait examination (68.4%) were the most widely used, while orthostatic hypotension (24%) and clinical standardized tests (25.7%) were less common. Among standardized tests, One-leg Balance, Timed Up and Go Test, and gait speed measurements were the most used. Geriatricians had more complete fall risk assessment than neurologists (e.g., 56%versus 13%for use of standardized tests, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Almost all physicians addressed the question of fall in MC, but practices are widely heterogeneous. Further investigations are needed to standardize fall risk assessment in MCs.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dementia: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies
Authors: Salehpour Farzad , Khademi Mahsa , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: April 2021

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red and/or near-infrared light from lasers or LEDs to improve a wide range of medical disorders. Transcranial PBM, sometimes accompanied by intranasal PBM, has been tested to improve many brain disorders, including dementia. Objective: To conduct a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting the use of PBM, which were considered relevant to dementia. Methods: Literature was searched between 1967 and 2020 using a range of keywords relevant to PBM and dementia. The light source and wavelength(s), output power, irradiance, irradiation time, fluence or total energy (dose), operation mode (continuous or pulsed) irradiation, approach and site, number of treatment sessions, as well as study outcome(s) were extracted. Results: Out of 10,473 initial articles, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine articles reported in vitro studies, 17 articles reported studies in animal models of dementia, and 10 studies were conducted in dementia patients. All of the included studies reported positive results. The clinical studies were limited by the small number of patients, lack of placebo controls in some instances, and only a few used objective neuroimaging methods. Conclusion: The preliminary evidence of clinical benefit, the lack of any adverse effects, and the remarkable ease of use, suggest larger clinical trials should be conducted as soon as possible.
T217-Phosphorylation Exacerbates Tau Pathologies and Tau-Induced Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Qian , Li Xiao-Guang , Zhou Qiu-Zhi , Wu Dong-Qin , Li Shi-Hong , Liu Yan-Chao , Wang Jian-Zhi
Published: April 2021

Background: Recent studies show that an increased T217-phosphorylation of tau in plasma could diagnose AD at an early stage with high accuracy and high specificity, while the potential toxic role of tau T217-phosphorylation is not known. Objective: To study the potential toxic role of tau T217-phosphorylation. Methods: We performed stereotactic brain injection, behavioral testing, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, western blotting, Golgi staining, in vitro recombinant tau polymerization, and other measurements. Results: We first constructed tau T217-wild-type (T217), T217-phospho-mimic (T217E), and T217-non-phospho-mimic (T217A) plasmids or their virus vectors on the basis of wild-type tau. We found that expressing tau-T217E induced a significantly increased tau phosphorylation at multiple AD-associated sites with inhibited proteolysis and increased cleavage/fibrillization of tau, while expressing tau-T217A abolished the above changes of tau both in vitro and in vivo. By mutating T217E on tau-P301L, a dominant mutation identified in patients with frontotemporal dementia, we did not observe significant exacerbation of tau-P301L phosphorylation and cognitive impairment although the increased tau cleavage and propagation were shown. Conclusion: T217-phosphorylation exacerbates wild-type tau hyperphosphorylation with aggravated tau cleavage/fibrillization and cognitive impairments, while overexpressing T217E on the basis P301L does not exacerbate tau phosphorylation or the P301L-induced cognitive deficits, although it aggravates tau cleavage and propagation.
Vitis vinifera VvPUB17 functions as a E3 ubiquitin ligase and enhances powdery mildew resistance via the salicylic acid signaling pathway
Authors: Li Min , Shen Si-qi , Xing Yi-bin , Jiao Wan-wan , Zhan Yong-rui , Sun Ya-dan , Guo Da-long , Yu Yi-He
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Powdery mildew affects grapevine growth and development and reduces grapevine fruit yield and quality. Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated protein degradation during plant development and in the plant defense response.

OBJECTIVE:

We cloned the VvPUB17 gene from Vitis vinifera and analyzed that VvPUB17 enhanced the resistance of grapevine to powdery mildew through the SA signal pathway.

METHODS:

Pathogen inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana and grapevine plants was carried out by the tableting method. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Sequence analysis and in vitro ubiquitination experiments show the structure and characteristics of VvPUB17. Exogenous salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene and powdery mildew induced the expression of VvPUB17 in Arabidopsis leaves to verify the resistance of VvPUB17 to powdery mildew.

RESULTS:

Sequence analysis and in vitro ubiquitination experiments show that VvPUB17 contains U-box and Armadillo repeats (ARM repeat) and has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity dependent on the conserved U-box motif. Transgenic plants showed elevated levels of key genes related to the SA defense response pathway and high concentrations of salicylic acid.

CONCLUSIONS:

VvPUB17 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that enhances the resistance of grapes to powdery mildew through the SA signal pathway.
Barriers to Vaccination Among People with Parkinson’s Disease and Implications for COVID-19
Authors: Phanhdone Tiffany , Drummond Patrick , Meisel Talia , Friede Naomi , Di Rocco Alessandro , Chodosh Joshua , Fleisher Jori
Published: April 2021

Background: Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at higher risk of vaccine-preventable respiratory infections. However, advanced, homebound individuals may have less access to vaccinations. In light of COVID-19, understanding barriers to vaccination in PD may inform strategies to increase vaccine uptake. Objective: To identify influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates, including barriers and facilitators to vaccination, among homebound and ambulatory individuals with PD and related disorders. Methods: Cross-sectional US-based study among individuals with PD, aged > 65 years, stratified as homebound or ambulatory. Participants completed semi-structured interviews on vaccination rates and barriers, and healthcare utilization. Results: Among 143 participants, 9.8% had missed all influenza vaccinations in the past 5 years, and 32.2% lacked any pneumococcal vaccination, with no between-group differences. Homebound participants (n = 41) reported difficulty traveling to clinic (p < 0.01) as a vaccination barrier, and despite similar outpatient visit frequencies, had more frequent emergency department visits (31.7% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.01) and hospitalizations (14.6% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.03). Vaccine hesitancy was reported in 35% of participants, vaccine refusal in 19%, and 13.3% reported unvaccinated household members, with no between-group differences. Nearly 13% thought providers recommended against vaccines for PD patients, and 31.5% were unsure of vaccine recommendations in PD. Conclusion: Among a sample of homebound and ambulatory people with PD, many lack age-appropriate immunizations despite ample healthcare utilization. Many participants were unsure whether healthcare providers recommend vaccinations for people with PD. In light of COVID-19, neurologist reinforcement that vaccinations are indicated, safe, and recommended may be beneficial.
Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids Differences in Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: He Xiaoqin , Qian Yiwei , Xu Shaoqing , Zhang Yi , Mo Chengjun , Guo Wentian , Yang Xiaodong , Xiao Qin
Published: April 2021

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have overlapping symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced exclusively by gut microbiota and were reduced in feces of MSA patients. However, plasma SCFA concentrations in MSA patients have not been investigated. Objective: We aimed to investigate the plasma SCFAs in MSA patients and to identify the potential differential diagnostic ability. Methods: Plasma SCFA were measured in 25 MSA patients, 46 healthy controls, and 46 PD patients using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were evaluated. Results: Acetic acid concentration was lower in MSA patients than in healthy controls. Acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations were lower in MSA and MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) patients than in PD patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed reduced acetic acid concentration discriminated MSA patients from healthy controls with 76% specificity but only 57% sensitivity and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.81). Combined acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations discriminated MSA patients from PD patients with an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.93), 84% specificity and 76% sensitivity. Especially, with combined acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, MSA-P patients were separated from PD patients with an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80–0.97), 91% specificity and 80% sensitivity. Conclusion: Plasma SCFAs were decreased in MSA patients. The combined acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations may be a potential biomarker for differentiating MSA patients from PD patients.
Can first trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A predict the surfactant needs of preterm neonates?
Authors: Yakistiran B. , Karsli M.F. , Canpolat F.E.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Low values of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), have been shown to be associated with some poor gestational outcomes, especially those related to placental deficiency such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction as well as preterm labor. The aim of this study was to compare first trimester PAPP-A MoM values with the surfactant needs of newborns of pregnant women who had a preterm delivery.

METHODS:

This study included 216 pregnant women who had a preterm delivery, who were found to be in the low-risk group based on their aneuploidy screening. The women were separated into two groups based on the surfactant receipts of their newborns. A record was made of the obstetric history, birth characteristics of the preterm infants, and whether or not there was a need for surfactant.

RESULTS:

A comparison of the PAPP-A values of the two groups revealed that the group that received surfactant had statistically significantly lower PAPP-A values (t(–3.97) = 0.203, p < 0.001). When the cut-off value of PAPP-A was taken as 1 MoM and the gestational age was analyzed together with the birth weight, PAPP-A alone was found to be a significant independent variable for the prediction of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) ( p = 0.031; OR:8.2 (1.2–55.6)).

CONCLUSIONS:

The result of this study demonstrated that PAPP-A MoM values may be significant in predicting the need for surfactant in RDS, which is a frequently seen condition in the neonatal period.
Serum ghrelin is associated with early feeding readiness but not growth in premature infants
Authors: Kopp T. , Codipilly C. , Potak D. , Fishbein J. , Lamport L. , Kurepa D. , Weinberger B.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Feeding tolerance among premature infants is unpredictable using clinical parameters. Ghrelin, a peptide hormone, acts on the hypothalamus to increase hunger and gut motility. It is present in fetal tissues, promotes intestinal maturation, and is secreted in milk. We hypothesized that higher serum ghrelin levels on days 0–7 are associated with improved feeding tolerance and growth in premature infants.

METHODS:

Infants (< 1500 g birth weight, n = 36) were recruited on day (D) 0–7. Serum ghrelin was measured by ELISA on D 0–7, D 10–14, and D 24–32, and milk ghrelin in a feeding concurrent with each serum sample. Feeding tolerance was assessed as days to first and full enteral feeds. Growth was quantified as both weight and adipose and muscle deposition by ultrasound.

RESULTS:

Mean serum ghrelin levels decreased from D 0–7 to D 24–32. Higher ghrelin levels on D 0–7 were correlated with shorter time to first enteral feeding, but not with time to full enteral feeds, rate of weight gain, or rate of accretion of muscle or adipose tissue. Milk ghrelin was not related to serum ghrelin or growth. Abdominal and suprascapular muscle and adipose increased during the first month, but weight gain correlated only with the rate of accretion of abdominal adipose.

CONCLUSIONS:

Elevated serum ghrelin in the first days of life may contribute to gut motility and readiness to feed. Weight gain in premature infants may primarily indicate abdominal fat accumulation, suggesting that ultrasound measurement of muscle accretion is a better marker for lean body growth.
Pediatric care coordination and risk tiering: Moving beyond claims data
Authors: Swann-Thomsen Hillary E. , Vineyard Jared , Hanks John , Hofacer Rylon , Sitts Claire , Flint Hilary , Tivis Rick
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of a pediatric stratification tool that incorporates health and non-medical determinants to identify children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) patients according to increasing levels of complexity and compare this method to existing tools for pediatric populations. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study examined pediatric patients aged 0 to 21 years who received care at our institution between 2012 and 2015. We used the St. Luke’s Children’s Acuity Tool (SLCAT) to evaluate mean differences in dollars billed, number of encounters, and number of problems on the problem list and compared the SLCAT to the Pediatric Chronic Conditions Classification System version2 (CCCv2). RESULTS: Results indicate that the SLCAT assigned pediatric patients into levels reflective of resource utilization and found that children with highly complex chronic conditions had significantly higher utilization than those with mild and/or moderate complex conditions. The SLCAT found 515 patients not identified by the CCCv2. Nearly half of those patients had a mental/behavioral health diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide evidence that a tiered classification model that incorporates all aspects of a child’s care may result in more accurate identification of CYSHCN. This would allow for primary care provider and care coordination teams to match patients and families with the appropriate amount and type of care coordination services.
Dimensión social del dolor y las vacunas VIP en el Perú
Authors: Arango Olarte Ricardo , Chanca Flores Aparicio , Caso Álvarez Jesús Guillermo , Ñahuincopa Arango Antonio
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación comienza con el análisis sobre la cuestión acuciante del dolor y sufrimiento generado por la COVID-19, desde la perspectiva social. Luego se centra de modo especial, desde una visión tripartita: ético, antropológico y filosófico de la adquisición y administración de las vacunas por el gobierno peruano, conocido como el caso ‘Vacunagate’. En el fondo del asunto se destacan también actitudes egoístas y corruptas que han devenido de la compra de las mascarillas, los medicamentos y el oxígeno.
OFERTA DE INFORMAÇÃO SOBRE COVID-19 NO BRASIL
Authors: Freire Isa Maria , Bandeira Pablo Matias
Published: April 2021

Compartilha os resultados de pesquisa exploratória sobre a oferta de informação sobre Covid-19 na mídia jornalística do Brasil, em sites governamentais, instituições de pesquisa e bases de dados científicas. Apresenta o quadro teórico-metodológico que constitui o contexto da pesquisa, fundamentado na abordagem conceitual da oferta de informação, no regime de informação, da sociedade em rede e no método indiciário. A pesquisa identificou, nas fontes consultadas sobre Covid-19 na Internet, editorias e materiais específicos na mídia jornalística e materiais específicos em sites governamentais e de instituições de pesquisa. A busca em bases de dados identificou, no Portal da Capes, 163.736 artigos de periódicos sobre o assunto, além de 87.184 artigos de jornais, 1.766 resenhas 853 arquivos com recursos textuais e 37 livros; na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) foram identificadas 107.059 referências, a maioria sobre infecções por coronavírus (45.149 referências); na BVS Saúde Pública Brasil foram identificadas 131.748 referências, sendo 111.387 com texto completo; no repositório Arca, da Fiocruz, foram identificados 19 arquivos; no repositório Base de Dados de Teses e Dissertações do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia foram identificados 19 arquivos; na Base de Dados da Ciência da Informação foram identificadas 169 referências, sendo 14 referências em 2019, 143 referências em 2020 e 12 referências em 2021; e no Portal do Laboratório de Tecnologias Intelectuais foram identificados, na página Fontes de informação sobre Covid-19, links para instituições científicas, bases de dados e grupos de pesquisa. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que há uma oferta significativa de informação científica sobre a pandemia provocada pelo Covid-19, além de informações em níveis jornalístico e governamental.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND DATA MINING: CASE STUDY: COVID-19 DASHBOARD ANALYSIS
Authors: Paletta Francisco , Tavares Luiz
Published: April 2021

Research data mining requires the use of information systems and complex methods of searching, accessing, retrieving, and appropriating information on the web of data. Platforms such as Google Scholar Google, Elsevier, JSTOR, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect and the ones provided by commonly used universities identified with search terms. The challenge is to ensure that researchers are being exposed to the state-of-the-art networked knowledge production. This study aims to analyze the process of searching and retrieving information, reflect on the role of information systems in the search result and the informational skills of the researcher in view of the quality of information retrieved. Case Study: COVID-19 Dashboard Analysis.
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS KULIT KAKAO UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TERUNG
Authors: Yulianti Widia , Aburdin Asrin
Published: April 2021

Terung (Solanum melongena L.) merupakan sayuran buah yang banyak digemari oleh berbagai kalangan karena cita rasanya yang enak dan bisa diolah menjadi berbagai hidangan makanan. Terung mempunyai kedudukan cukup penting dalam pola konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia dan termasuk sayuran komersial yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi, bahkan terung merupakan komoditas ekspor yang cukup berarti. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan terung terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk, tetapi petani belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut.  Pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan produksi terung menggunakan kompos kulit kakao.  Kandungan hara kompos yang dibuat dari kulit buah kakao adalah 1,81% N, 26,61% C-organik, 0,31% P2O5, 6,08% K2O, 1,22% CaO, 1,37 % MgO, dan 44,85 cmol/kg KTK. Tujuan Proyek Usaha Mandiri adalah mengoptimalkan produksi tanaman terung dengan menggunakan kompos kulit kakao dan dapat menganalisa kelayakan usaha budidaya tanaman terung dengan potensi pasar di daerah Payakumbuh dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Proyek Usaha Mandiri ini telah dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh pada bulan September sampai bulan Desember 2015 dengan luas lahan 206 m2.  Teknologi  dalam proyek usaha mandiri ini adalah kompos kulit kakao. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan Proyek Usaha Mandiri (PUM) didapatkan produksi terung sebanyak 359 kg dan mendapatkan keuntungan sebesar Rp 292.670 untuk luasan 206 m2, R.C ratio 1,36, profitabilitas 36%, BEP harga Rp 2.236/Kg, BEP hasil 259/Kg dan BEP lahan 151 m2 dan usaha ini layak untuk diusahakan. Oleh sebab itu disarankan menggunakan teknologi kompos kulit kakao untuk budidaya tanaman terung
Zeugma as a Method of Pragmatic Focusing in a Literary Text (Based on the Material of the German Language)
Authors: Timralieva Ju. G.
Published: April 2021

Introduction.The article analyses the specifics of the functioning of the zeugma in artistic speech. Despite the popularity of this rhetorical figure since ancient times and its use in various spheres of communication, there is still no complete clarity about the essence of this linguistic phenomenon.

Methodology and sources.The article considers various interpretations of the zeugma, determines its place in the circle of other rhetorical figures, conducts a structural analysis of zeugmatic constructions, identifies its syntactic and morphological variations, analyzes the stylistic potential. As an empirical material, lyrical and prose texts of German-language literature of the XIX–XX centuries are used, including works by H. Heine, A. Döblin, G. Trakl, G. Benn, K. Edschmid, H. Böll and other authors.

Results and discussion.As a rhetorical figure, zeugma is built on the conflict of syntax and semantics, representing several syntactically homogeneous, but semantically heterogeneous elements. Zeugma, as a rule, has a nuclear word in its composition, in which, in conjunction with various actants, different meanings/shades of meanings are actualized, although “non-nuclear” zeugmas are also found. The role of the reference element is most often a verb-predicate, less often the core of the construction becomes an adjective, participle, adverb, noun. The elements of the paratactic series are usually nouns (homogeneous subjects, additions, circumstances), but the analysis also reveals cases of illogical combinations represented by other parts of speech, as well as examples with heterogeneous morphological forms within the same zeugmatic construction. The functional analysis of the zeugma demonstrates the rich stylistic potential of this rhetorical figure, which acts as a means of humor and satire in literary texts, serving to convey emotional states, semantic saturation of the utterance, and the increment of new meanings.

Conclusion. Zeugma acts as a significant method of pragmatic focusing in a literary text, being especially widely represented in modernist literature, characterized by semantic multilayering and intensity of artistic expression.
Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 6. The Еxternal Logic
Authors: Polyakov O. M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article continues a series of publications on the linguistics of the relationship (hereafter R-linguistics) and is concerned with the semantic interpretation in terms of the linguistic model that is the initial stage to consider the logic of natural language (external logic).

Methodology and sources. The results obtained in the previous parts of the series are used as research tools. In particular, the verbal categorization method is used to represent concepts and verbs. To develop the necessary mathematical representations in the field of logic and semantics of natural language, the previously formulated concept of the interpretation operator is used. The interpretation operator maps the sentences of the language into the model, taking into account the previously interpreted sentences.

Results and discussion. The problems that arise during the operation of the natural language interpretation operator are analyzed using examples of text translation and utterance algebra. The source of problems is the dependence of the interpretation of sentences on the already accumulated results of interpretation. The features of the interpretation of negation and double negation in the language are analyzed. In particular, the negation of a sentence affects the interpretation of previous sentences, and double negation usually denotes a single negation with an indication of its scope. It is shown that even from the point of view of classical logic, linguistic negation is not unconditional, and the operation of concatenation is not commutative and associative. General rules of text interpretation in the form of step-by-step mapping of sentence elements into a linguistic model are formulated.

Conlcusion. From the considered examples of the implementation of the interpretation operator, it follows that the negation of a sentence requires a change in the meaning of the operation of attributing sentences in the text. For this reason, the negative particle ”not” in the language is actually a label for changing the interpretation rule. The double negation rule in sentence logic does not hold, so sentences containing double negations are likely to contain information about the scope of the sentence negation in the text. Based on the analysis, the contours of the interpretation operator for the linguistic model are indicated.
On the Fate of the Temporal Existence of Man in the Technogenic Epoch: between Moments and Minutes
Authors: Serova N. V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction.In the technogenic epoch, people’s understanding of the nature of time has changed. The image of the high-tech time has formed and widely spread under the influence of modern technologies. Today, it has determined the nature of the temporal existence of person and has become, through the electronic clock, an instrument of its dehumanization. Anticipating these threats, the representatives of existentialism undertook the development of temporal problems starting from the middle of the XIX century. The existential analysis of the category “instant” as a specific dimension of the temporal existence of a person has taken a central place in it. Identifying the differences in the meaning of the terms “instant” and “minute” in philosophical and natural science interpretations, the author has suggested the possibility of humanizing modern technological processes by changing modern person’s concept of time.

Methodology and sources. Hermeneutical and retrospective methods, methods of existential and comparative analyzes, the use of existential, cultural and interdisciplinary approaches have become the methodological basis of the work. The analysis of philosophical texts on the problem of changing the perception of time by person in the technogenic epoch (L. Mumford, M. McLuhan, D. Naisbitt), the works of existential philosophers devoted to temporal problems (S. Kierkegaard, N. Berdyaev, M. Heidegger) theoretical works on physics (S. Hawking, E. Sudarshan, J. Vaccaro), and a number of works on the humanitarian problems of the technogenic epoch was made (E. Balas, V. Tikhonova, V. Stepin, L. Kuznetsova).

Results and discussion. The problem of overcoming the dehumanization of the temporality of human existence under the influence of high-tech time was considered in the article. The following conclusions were the results of the study of this problem. First, the reasons for the dehumanization of the temporal existence of a person acting in accordance with high-tech time have been identified. Secondly, the need to distinguish between the concepts of “minutes” of objective time and “moments” of the temporality of human existence was justified. Third, the study of temporal problems was defined as a condition for the humanization of scientific and technological development of modern epoch.

Conclusion. In the technogenic, person’s free choice between minutes of high-tech time and moments of existential time have determined the fate of his / her temporal existence. Making one’s choice, a person has determined the character of the development of the technogenic epoch in the direction of the dehumanization of human existence or in the direction of the humanization of the technical world. The breadth of the study of the nature of human temporality and temporal issues in general will have affected the right choice.